bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livestock production land and conservation areas play a complementary role in the conservation of a critically endangered grassland bird
Authors: Nugent Daniel T. , Baker‐Gabb David J. , Antos Mark , Collins Luke , Green Peter , Morgan John W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many parts of the world, livestock production and biodiversity conservation are important land uses of native grasslands in agricultural landscapes. Approaches to managing grasslands typically differ between production farms and conservation areas as they have different goals. Such differences may have consequent effects on the spatial and temporal habitat suitability for grassland fauna. In semi‐arid grasslands of south‐eastern Australia, the critically endangered Plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus) is a grassland habitat‐specialist bird that can occur on land managed for livestock production and conservation, but it is unclear if, and when, habitat suitability is affected in each land‐use type.Here, we investigate how land‐use type (livestock production, conservation) and rainfall (preceding accumulated rainfall) affect habitat suitability for the Plains‐wanderer using 11 years of bird occurrence and remotely sensed habitat structure data.We found habitat suitability for the Plains‐wanderer was driven by an interaction between land use and rainfall, with conservation areas supporting larger areas of preferred habitat structure during dry periods but less during wet periods. By contrast, Plains‐wanderers were more likely to occur on livestock production farms during wet periods. We speculate this is because higher grazing pressure on livestock production farms was able to limit biomass accumulation and, hence, maintain more areas of preferred habitat structure.Our findings show that land used for livestock production can complement conservation areas by providing preferred habitat for the Plains‐wanderer during climatic periods that promote grass growth. Furthermore, we highlight that land use and climate are important temporal drivers of grassland dynamics, and approaches to biodiversity conservation should consider how patterns of habitat suitability may shift across landscapes over time. Strategic, landscape‐scale planning and effective agri‐environmental initiatives will be critical to the future of grassland birds such as the Plains‐wanderer.
Bandgap Modulation and Lipid Intercalation Generates Ultrabright D–A–D‐Based Zwitterionic Small‐Molecule Nanoagent for Precise NIR‐II Excitation Phototheranostic Applications
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Qu Fan , Chen Shangyu , Li Jiewei , Shen Qingming , Sun Pengfei , Fan Quli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConjugated small‐molecule (CSM) phototheranostic agents that operate in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region have garnered significant attention in the field of biomedicine. However, a lack of fluorescence‐emitting ability hinders their use in precise fluorescence imaging (FI)‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein, a two‐pronged fluorescence intensification strategy—molecular engineering for rational bandgap modulation and lipid‐intercalation to combat fluorescence quenching—is used to develop NIR‐II‐excited ultrabright donor–acceptor–donor‐based (D–A–D)‐based zwitterionic CSM nanoagent for tumor phototheranostics. The molecular engineering strategy produces the NIR‐II‐excited D–A–D‐based zwitterionic fluorophore (BTFQ) that exhibits a high NIR‐II fluorescence quantum yield (QY = 0.65%) in dichloromethane. More importantly, BTFQ complexed with liposome (DMPC) to form the zwitterion–liposome nanoagent (BTFQ/DMPC) shows a negligible loss of QY (0.63%) in aqueous media. Moreover, because BTFQ/DMPC possesses excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE = 30.8%) performance, it can be used to realize efficient in vivo 1064 nm single‐photon high‐resolution NIR‐II FI guided NIR‐II PTT. This study introduces a new avenue for the development of NIR‐II‐excited NIR‐II FI/PTT agents for precise and effective tumor treatment.
Gate Dielectrics Integration for 2D Electronics: Challenges, Advances, and Outlook
Authors: Yang Sijie , Liu Kailang , Xu Yongshan , Liu Lixin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D semiconductors have emerged both as an ideal platform for fundamental studies and as promising channel materials in beyond‐silicon field‐effect‐transistors due to their outstanding electrical properties and exceptional tunability via external field. However, the lack of proper dielectrics for 2D semiconductors has become a major roadblock for their further development toward practical applications. The prominent issues between conventional 3D dielectrics and 2D semiconductors arise from the integration and interface quality, where defect states and imperfections lead to dramatic deterioration of device performance. In this review article, the root causes of such issues are briefly analyzed and recent advances on some possible solutions, including various approaches of adapting conventional dielectrics to 2D semiconductors, and the development of novel dielectrics with van der Waals surface toward high‐performance 2D electronics are summarized. Then, in the perspective, the requirements of ideal dielectrics for state‐of‐the‐art 2D devices are outlined and an outlook for their future development is provided.
Infrared Gasochromic Devices Based on Metal Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Baizhang , Liu Dongqing , Jia Yan , Cheng Haifeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVariable infrared emissive materials and devices are effective for the dynamic modulation of infrared radiation. Herein, a new idea of dynamic emissivity modulation based on the hydrogen‐induced metal–insulator phase transition from metallic yttrium (or yttrium dihydride) to dielectric yttrium trihydride is proposed, and infrared gasochromic devices based on yttrium/rhodium metal thin films and infrared‐transparent covers are developed. By alternately injecting 4% hydrogen–argon gas mixture and air into the gasochromic device, the infrared emissivity of the device is dynamically modulated reversibly. The emissivity changes in the 340‐nm‐yttrium/6‐nm‐rhodium device are 0.25 and 0.39 in the 3–5 and 7.5–14 µm atmospheric window regions, respectively, and the response time is <40 s. The emissivity change is affected by the surface morphology and thickness of the yttrium/rhodium film. Moreover, the infrared gasochromic device operates effectively over 100 cycles, and subsequent failure is attributed to oxidation of the yttrium film. The proposed device is easily enlarged and patterned because of its simple structure, thereby indicating that such metal thin films provide a new material platform for dynamic infrared radiation modulation, which has great application prospects in the fields of adaptive thermal camouflage, smart thermal management, and infrared information display.
Efficient Daytime Radiative Cooling Cover Sheet with Dual‐Modal Optical Properties
Authors: Son Soomin , Lee Tae Yoon , Chae Dongwoo , Lim Hangyu , Ha Jisung , Kim Young Keun , Lee Heon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDaytime radiative cooling is an eco‐friendly cooling technique that does not consume additional fuel and is a promising technology now being developed using various materials and methods. Existing radiative cooling emitters are typically in the form of multilayered or mixed thin films and photonic structures, which are difficult to apply in industrial fields. Moreover, the complicated processes and materials used increase the cost. Herein, a dual‐modal radiative cooling emitter in the form of a cover sheet developed by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles is reported; it is an easily accessible and highly practical architecture that can be applied and used in daily life. Additionally, this radiative cooling cover sheet exhibits dual selective‐ and broadband‐like optical properties in the IR region depending on the substrate characteristics for efficient cooling. The cooling power is numerically proven to be 89.51 W m−2, and experimentally, a temperature drop of 9.67 °C could be measured on a daily car model.
Reclaiming Neglected Compounds as Promising Solid State Electrolytes by Predicting Electrochemical Stability Window with Dynamically Determined Decomposition Pathway
Authors: Lin Shen , Lin Yuxiao , He Bing , Pu Bowei , Ren Yuan , Wang Guoxin , Luo Yaqiao , Shi Siqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accurate prediction of the electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) enables the rational design of solid state electrolytes (SSEs). Currently, the ESW prediction is based on direct and indirect decomposition analysis methods (DDAM and IDAM). However, DDAM/IDAM can only involve thermodynamically/kinetically favorable decomposition pathway, both resulting in the large deviation between the predicted ESW and the experimental one. Specifically, certain excellent candidate SSEs may be continuously neglected in the high‐throughput screening due to underpredicted ESWs. Herein, a high‐accuracy ESW prediction method is proposed enabling dynamical determination of the appropriate decomposition pathway by analyzing the electronic conductivities of all direct and indirect decomposition products. Following this, a high‐throughput computation is performed on the ESWs of 328 possible fast Li‐ion conductors with low ionic migration energy barriers from the previous research, obtaining good agreement with the available experimental results (Li10GeP2S12 and Li7La3Zr2O12). Furthermore, six previously neglected fluorides exhibiting ESWs over 4 V, oxidation potentials exceeding 6 V, excellent phase stability, and interfacial compatibility with seven typical cathodes are reclaimed as promising SSEs. This work demonstrates a strategy to accelerate the SSE development by improving the accuracy of the ESW prediction and enlarging the database of promising SSEs.
Perioperative optimization of Crohn's disease
Authors: Lin Chun‐Chi , Lin Hung‐Hsin , Chen Hui‐Chuen , Chen Nai‐Chia , Shih I‐Lun , Hung Ji‐Shiang , Yueh Te‐Cheng , Chiang Feng‐Fan , Lin Ping‐Wei , Tsai Yuan‐Yao , Wei Shu‐Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. With the increased availability of modalities in the last two decades, the treatment of CD has advanced remarkably. Although medical treatment is the mainstay of therapy, most patients require surgery during the course of their illness, especially those who experience complications. Nutritional optimization and ERAS implementation are crucial for patients with CD who require surgical intervention to reduce postoperative complications. The increased surgical risk was found to be associated with the use of corticosteroids, but the association of surgical risk with immunomodulators, biologic therapy, such as anti‐TNF mediations, anti‐integrin medications, and anti‐IL 12/23 was low in certainty. Decisions about preoperative medication must be made on an individual case‐dependent basis. Preoperative imaging studies can assist in the planning of appropriate surgical strategies and approaches. However, patients must be informed of any alterations to their treatment. In summary, the management of perioperative medications and surgery‐related decision‐making should be individualized and patient‐centered based on a multidisciplinary approach.
Risk factors for severe infection and mortality In patients with COVID‐19 in patients with multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis
Authors: Ho Matthew , Zanwar Saurabh , Buadi Francis K. , Ailawadhi Sikander , Larsen Jeremy , Bergsagel Leif , Binder Moritz , Chanan‐Khan Asher , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Fonseca Rafael , Gertz Morie A. , Gonsalves Wilson , Go Ronald S. , Hayman Suzanne , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Lin Yi , Muchtar Eli , Roy Vivek , Sher Taimur , Warsame Rahma , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Hwa Yi L. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a lower efficacy from COVID‐19 vaccination and a high rate of mortality from COVID‐19 in hospitalized patients. However, the overall rate and severity of COVID‐19 infection in all settings (including non‐hospitalized patients) and the independent impact of plasma cell‐directed therapies on outcomes needs further study. We reviewed the medical records of 9225 patients with MM or AL amyloidosis (AL) seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Arizona, and Florida between 12/01/2019 and 8/31/2021 and identified 187 patients with a COVID‐19 infection (n = 174 MM, n = 13 AL). The infection rate in our cohort was relatively low at 2% but one‐fourth of the COVID‐19 infections were severe. Nineteen (10%) patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 5 (3%) patients required mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate among hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 was 22% (16/72 patients). Among patients that were fully vaccinated at the time of infection (n = 12), two (17%) developed severe COVID‐19 infection, without any COVID‐related death. On multivariable analysis, treatment with CD38 antibody within 6 months of COVID‐19 infection [Risk ratio (RR) 3.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 10.5), p = .02], cardiac [RR 4.1 (95% CI: 1.3, 12.4), p = .014] or pulmonary comorbidities [RR 3.6 (95% CI 1.1, 11.6); p = .029] were independent predictors for ICU admission. Cardiac comorbidity [RR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1, 6.5), p = .038] was an independent predictor of mortality whereas MM/AL in remission was associated with lower mortality [RR 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2–0.8); p = .008].
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Iodides with Formamide as the Cyano Source
Authors: Peng Sha , Yang Luo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA practical and convenient protocol for copper‐catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides with formamide as the cyano source was developed, providing various aryl nitriles in good to excellent yields under ligand and base free conditions. Compared to the reported cyanation reactions of aryl halides with formamide at high temperature (130–145 °C), lower reaction temperature (100 °C) and excellent substrate compatibility make this method more attractive in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry.
PdII and NiII Complexes of Earring Porphyrins with Distorted Coordination Geometries
Authors: Yin Bangshao , Deng Fangling , Zhou Wenjing , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarring porphyrins bearing a 1,3‐di(pyrid‐2‐yl)phenylene ear or a 2,5‐di(pyrid‐2‐yl)pyrrole ear were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Upon treatment with Pd(OAc)2 and Ni(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O, these earring porphyrins gave the corresponding PdII and NiII complexes with distorted coordination geometries, indicating their abilities to serve as a divalent ligand. Owing to non‐conjugated properties, these complexes show larger HOMO‐LUMO gaps as compared with the parent earring porphyrin bearing a tripyrrin ear.
Impact of focused cardiac and lung ultrasound screening performed by a junior doctor during admission to the surgical ward on patients before emergency non‐cardiac surgery: A pilot prospective observational study
Authors: Wong Cliff , Vijayakumar Rukman , Canty David J , Royse Colin F , Yang Yang , Royse Alistair G , Heiberg Johan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether pre‐operative focused cardiac ultrasound and lung ultrasound screening performed by a junior doctor can change diagnosis and clinical management of patients aged ≥65 years undergoing emergency, non‐cardiac surgery.MethodThis pilot prospective observational study included patients scheduled for emergency, non‐cardiac surgery. The treating team completed a diagnosis and management plan before and after focused cardiac and lung ultrasound, which was performed by a junior doctor. Changes to diagnosis and management after ultrasound were recorded. Ultrasound images were assessed for image and diagnostic interpretation by an independent expert.ResultsThere was a total of 57 patients at age 77 ± 8 years. Cardiopulmonary pathology was suspected after clinical assessment in 28% vs. 72% after ultrasound (including abnormal haemodynamic state in 61%, valvular lesions in 32%, acute pulmonary oedema/interstitial syndrome in 9% and bilateral pleural effusions in 2%). In 67% of patients, the perioperative management was changed. The changes were in fluid therapy in 30%, cardiology consultation in 7%, formal in‐ or out‐patient, transthoracic echocardiography in 11% and 30% respectively.DiscussionThe impact of pre‐operative focused cardiac and lung ultrasound on diagnosis and management of patients on the hospital ward before emergency non‐cardiac surgery by a junior doctor was comparable to previous studies of anaesthetists experienced in focused ultrasound. However, the ability to recognise when image quality is insufficient for diagnosis is an important consideration for novice sonographers.ConclusionsFocused cardiac and lung ultrasound examination by a junior doctor is feasible and may change preoperative diagnosis and management in patients of 65 years or older, admitted for emergency non‐cardiac surgery.
Rational Design of Carbon Nitride Photoelectrodes with High Activity Toward Organic Oxidations
Authors: Pulignani Carolina , Mesa Camilo A. , Hillman Sam A. J. , Uekert Taylor , Giménez Sixto , Durrant James R. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon nitride (CNx) is a light‐absorber with excellent performance in photocatalytic suspension systems, but the activity of CNx photoelectrodes has remained low. Here, cyanamide‐functionalized CNx (NCNCNx) was co‐deposited with ITO nanoparticles on a 1.8 Å thick alumina‐coated FTO electrode. Transient absorption spectroscopy and impedance measurements support that ITO acts as a conductive binder and improves electron extraction from the NCNCNx, whilst the alumina underlayer reduces recombination losses between the ITO and the FTO glass. The Al2O3|ITO : NCNCNx film displays a benchmark performance for CNx‐based photoanodes with an onset of −0.4 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and 1.4±0.2 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE during AM1.5G irradiation for the selective oxidation of 4‐methylbenzyl alcohol. This assembly strategy will improve the exploration of CNx in fundamental and applied photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies.
Π–Π Stacking Complex Induces Three‐Component Coupling Reactions To Synthesize Functionalized Amines
Authors: Zhang Tong , Vanderghinste Jaro , Guidetti Andrea , Doorslaer Sabine Van , Barcaro Giovanni , Monti Susanna , Das Shoubhik 
Published: October 2022

Abstractπ‐π stacking and ion‐pairing interactions induced the generation of α‐amino radicals under the irradiation of visible light without the requirement of an expensive photocatalyst. This strategy enabled the construction of functionalized amines via three‐component coupling reactions with broad scope (we report >50 examples with an up to 90 % yield). This synthetic pathway also delivered complex functionalized amines with a very high yield. Quantum chemistry Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations identified π‐π stacked ionic complexes; time‐dependent DFT was employed to simulate the absorption spectra, and nudged elastic band (NEB) methodology provided a possible interaction/reaction picture of the selected species.
Regime recovery using implied volatility in Markov modulated market model
Authors: Goswami Anindya , Mukherjee Kedar Nath , Patalwala Irvine Homi , Sanjay Nadahalli Satish 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the regime switching extension of Black–Scholes–Merton model of asset price dynamics, one assumes that the volatility coefficient evolves as a hidden pure jump process. Under the assumption of Markov regime switching, we have considered the locally risk minimizing theoretical price of European vanilla options. By pretending these prices or their numerical approximations as traded prices, we have first computed the implied volatility (IV) of the underlying asset. Then by performing several numerical experiments on ternary regime models we have investigated the dependence of IV on the time to maturity (TTM) and strike price of the vanilla options. We have observed a clear dependence that is at par with the empirically observed stylized facts. Furthermore, we have experimentally validated that IV time series, obtained from contracts with moneyness and TTM varying in a particular narrow range, can recover the transition instances of the hidden Markov chain having three states. Such regime recovery for any arbitrary state‐space and transition parameters has also been established in a theoretical setting. Moreover, the novel scheme for computing option price is shown to be stable.
Contributions of structural variations to the asymptotic mixed‐mode coupling Factor in red giant stars
Authors: Jiang Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe advent of ultra‐precise photometry space missions enables the possibility of investigating stellar interiors with mixed modes. The structural variations induced by the discontinuity of the chemical composition left behind during the first dredge–up is an important feature in the stellar mid‐layers located between the hydrogen‐burning shell and the base of the convective zone of red giants, as the mixed‐mode properties can be significantly affected by these variations. In this paper, the contributing factors to variations of the mixed‐mode coupling factor, q, are discussed with stellar models. In general, the structural variations give rise to a subtle displacement in the Lamb frequency and a sharp change in the buoyancy frequency, which lead to variations in the value of q computed using the asymptotic formalisms that assume a smooth background free of structural variations. The impact of these two factors can be felt in detectable mixed modes in low‐luminosity red giants. Furthermore, the different nature of variations of the two characteristic frequencies with a radius near the base of the convective zone produces a sudden increase in q in evolved red giants. This is followed by a quick drop in q as the star evolves further along the red giant branch.
Boron‐Based Functional Additives Enable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering in Calcium Metal Battery
Authors: Bodin Charlotte , Forero Saboya Juan , Jankowski Piotr , Radan Kristian , Foix Dominique , Courrèges Cécile , Yousef Ibraheem , Dedryvère Rémi , Davoisne Carine , Lozinšek Matic , Ponrouch Alexandre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCalcium‐metal batteries have received growing attention recently after several studies reporting successful metal plating and stripping with organic electrolytes. Given the low redox potential of metallic calcium, its surface is commonly covered by a passivation layer grown by the accumulation of electrolyte decomposition products. The presence of borate species in this layer has been shown to be a key parameter allowing for Ca2+ migration and favoring Ca electrodeposition. Here, boron‐based additives are evaluated in order to tune the SEI composition, morphology, and properties. The decomposition of a BF3‐based additive is studied at different potentiostatic steps and the resulting SEI layer was thoroughly characterized. SEI growth mechanism is proposed based on both experimental data and DFT calculations pointing at the formation of boron‐crosslinked polymeric matrices. Several boron‐based adducts are explored as SEI‐forming additives for calcium‐metal batteries paving the way to very rich chemistry leading to Ca2+ conducting SEI.