bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-Screening of Banana Genotypes for Fusarium Wilt Resistance by Using an In Vitro Bioassay
Authors: Wu Yuanli , Yi Ganjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the process of breeding and selection of banana for resistance to Fusarium wilt, it is important to conduct an efficient resistance screening test by artificial inoculation withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubense(Foc) Tropical Race 4. So far, there are two types of early bioassays for screeningMusagenotypes against Foc: a greenhouse and anin vitrobioassay. The most commonly used greenhouse bioassay is a pot-based system followed by a hydroponic system. Here we describe anin vitrobioassay characterized byin vitroinoculation of rooted banana plantlets grown on medium consisting of half-strength MS macronutrients and MS micronutrients. The disease response and evaluation results obtained through thisin vitrobioassay correlates with that from a greenhouse screen and/or field evaluation. Given the importance ofin vitrocell and tissue culture techniques for banana (mutation) breeding, promising resistant clones could be screened directly. Thisin vitrobioassay is a totally contained system compared with greenhouse methods and does not require an acclimatization step, thereby improving banana breeding efficiency. Thein vitropre-screening protocol and bioassay for Fusarium wilt resistance presented here is fast, space-effective, and accurate.
Mutation Detection in Gamma-Irradiated Banana Using Low Coverage Copy Number Variation
Authors: Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Ingelbrecht Ivan L. , Till Bradley J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMutagenesis of in vitro propagated bananas is an efficient method to introduce novel alleles and broaden genetic diversity. The FAO/IAEA Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory previously established efficient methods for mutation induction of in vitro shoot tips in banana using physical and chemical mutagens as well as methods for the efficient discovery of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) induced single nucleotide mutations in targeted genes. Officially released mutant banana varieties have been created using gamma rays, a mutagen that can produce large genomic changes such as insertions and deletions (InDels). Such dosage mutations may be particularly important for generating observable phenotypes in polyploids such as banana. Here, we describe a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in Cavendish (AAA) bananas to identify large genomic InDels. The method is based on low coverage whole genome sequencing (LC-WGS) using an Illumina short-read sequencing platform. We provide details for sonication-mediated library preparation and the installation and use of freely available computer software to identify copy number variation in Cavendish banana. Alternative DNA library construction procedures and bioinformatics tools are briefly described. Example data is provided for the mutant variety Novaria and cv Grande Naine (AAA), but the methodology can be equally applied for triploid bananas with mixed genomes (A and B) and is useful for the characterization of putative Fusarium Wilt TR4 resistant mutant lines described elsewhere in this protocol book.
A Protocol for Detection of Large Chromosome Variations in Banana Using Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Breton Catherine , Cenci Alberto , Sardos Julie , Chase Rachel , Ruas Max , Rouard Mathieu , Roux Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCore activities of genebank operations include the preservation of germplasm identity and maintenance of genetic integrity. Some organisms such as banana are maintained by tissue culture that can foster accumulation of somatic mutations and loss of genetic integrity. Such changes can be reflected in their genome structure and thus be revealed by sequencing methods. Here, we propose a protocol for the detection of large chromosomal gains and/or losses that was applied to in vitro banana accessions with different levels of ploidy. Mixoploidy was detected in triploid (3x) accessions with chromosomal regions being diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) and in diploid accessions (2x) where large deletions resulted in partial haploidy (1x). Such abnormal molecular karyotypes can potentially explain phenotypic aberrations observed in off type material. With the affordable cost of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies and the release of the presented bioinformatic pipeline, we aim to promote the application of this methodology as a routine operation for genebank management as an important step to monitor the genetic integrity of distributed material. Moreover, genebank users can be also empowered to apply the methodology and check the molecular karyotype of the ordered material.
Null Distance and Convergence of Lorentzian Length Spaces
Authors: Kunzinger Michael , Steinbauer Roland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe null distance of Sormani and Vega encodes the manifold topology as well as the causality structure of a (smooth) spacetime. We extend this concept to Lorentzian length spaces, the analog of (metric) length spaces, which generalize Lorentzian causality theory beyond the manifold level. We then study Gromov–Hausdorff convergence based on the null distance in warped product Lorentzian length spaces and prove first results on its compatibility with synthetic curvature bounds.
Proximal femoral replacement using the direct anterior approach to the hip
Authors: Thaler Martin , Manson Theodore T. , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Moskal Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Proximal femoral replacement (PFR) is a salvage procedure originally developed for reconstruction after resection of sarcomas and metastatic cancer. These techniques can also be adapted for the treatment of non-oncologic reconstruction for cases involving massive proximal bone loss. The direct anterior approach (DAA) is readily utilized for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), but there have been few reports of its use for proximal femoral replacement.

Indications
Aseptic, septic femoral implant loosening, periprosthetic femoral fracture, oncologic lesions of the proximal femur. The most common indication for non-oncologic proximal femoral placement is a severe femoral defect Paprosky IIIB or IV.

Contraindications
Infection.

Surgical technique
In contrast to conventional DAA approaches and extensions, we recommend starting the approach 3 cm lateral to the anterior superior iliac spine and performing a straight incision directed towards the fibular head. After identification and incision of the tensor fasciae lata proximally and the lateral mobilization of the iliotibial tract distally, the vastus lateralis muscle can be retracted medially as far as needed. Special care should be taken to avoid injuries to the branches of the femoral nerve innervating the vastus lateralis muscle. If required, the distal extension of the DAA can continue all the way to the knee to allow implantation of a total femoral replacement. The level of the femoral resection is detected with an x‑ray. In accordance with preoperative planning, the proximal femur is resected. Ream and broach the distal femoral fragment to the femoral canal. With trial implants in place, leg length, anteversion of the implant and hip stability are evaluated. It is crucial to provide robust reattachment of the abductor muscles to the PFR prosthesis. Mesh reinforcement can be used to reinforce the muscular attachment if necessary.

Postoperative management
We typically use no hip precautions other than to limit combined external rotation and extension for 6 weeks. In most cases, full weight bearing is possible after surgery.

Results
A PFR was performed in 16 patients (mean age: 55.1 years; range 17–84 years) using an extension of the DAA. The indication was primary bone sarcoma in 7 patients, metastatic lesion in 6 patients and massive periprosthetic femoral bone loss in 3 patients. Complications related to the surgery occurred in 2 patients (both were dislocation). Overall, 1 patient required reoperation and 1 patient died because of his disease. Mean follow-up was 34.5 months.
Voltammetric lipase activity assay based on dilinolein and a modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Rogala Anita , Rechberger Julia , Vasold Vanessa , Samphao Anchalee , Kalcher Kurt , Ortner Astrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel electrochemical assay for characterizing both lipases and lipase inhibitors as well as for the determination of lipase activity is described. It is based on a carbon paste electrode, modified with cobalt(II)phthalocyanine, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). As reaction media, a sodium borate buffer was used (0.1 M, pH 9). The measurements were carried out in a batch system using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and 1,3-dilinolein as standard substrate. The activity assay showed a linearity for porcine pancreas lipase activity in a range between 20 and 300 U L−1 (per min) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 U L−1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 20 U L−1. The kinetic behavior of the lipase reaction was investigated, resulting in a KM value of 0.29 mM. The applicability of the activity assay could be shown by investigating the activity of lipases from Aspergillus oryzae and Candida rugosa, and the results were confirmed by a reference method. The inhibitory effects were characterized with Orlistat.
Graphical abstract
Gender als maßgebliche Perspektive in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Schigl Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Bedeutung der Dimension Gender für die Psychotherapie. Als Basistheorie wird die sozialkonstruktivistische Sicht von Doing Gender als für die Psychotherapie hilfreich zugrunde gelegt. Dazu wird an Beispielen zu verschiedenen Phasen im Prozess, zu genderkonnotierten Themen und zu Dynamiken in der jeweiligen Genderzusammensetzung die Bedeutung von Doing Gender dargelegt, und es werden Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis gezogen. Gendersensible und genderkompetente Psychotherapeut_innen sind sich des eigenen Doing Gender bewusst, beachten die Genderzusammensetzung in der Therapie und die daraus resultierenden Dynamiken von Doing Gender auf beiden Seiten.
Intracavitary brachytherapy with additional Heyman capsules in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Scharl Sophia , Hugo Christine , Weidenbächer Clara-Bianca , Bronger Holger , Brambs Christine , Kiechle Marion , Makowski Marcus R. , Combs Stephanie E. , Schüttrumpf Lars 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Brachytherapy is a mandatory component of primary radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer. The dose can be applied with a traditional intracavitary approach (IC alone) or with multiple catheter brachytherapy to optimize dose distribution in an individual concept. We therefore evaluated whether the utilization of a tandem–ring applicator plus additional intracavitary applicators (add IC) provides an advantage over the traditional IC alone approach, as this method is less time consuming and less invasive compared to a combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy.

Methods
Twenty three procedures of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer with additional intracavitary applicators performed in seven patients treated between 2016 and 2018 in our institution were included in this study. Plans were optimized for D90 HR-CTV with and without the utilization of the additional applicators and compared by statistical analysis.

Results
D90 for HR-CTV was 5.71 Gy (±1.17 Gy) for fractions optimized with add IC approach and 5.29 Gy (±1.24 Gy) for fractions without additional applicators (p < 0.01). This translates to a calculated mean EQD2 HR-CTV D90 of 80.72 Gy (±8.34 Gy) compared to 77.84 Gy (±8.49 Gy) after external beam therapy and four fractions of brachytherapy for add IC and IC alone, respectively (p < 0.01). The predictive value of improved coverage of HR-CTV in the first fraction was high.

Conclusion
In a subgroup of cases, the addition of intracavitary Heyman capsules can be an alternative to interstitial brachytherapy to improve the plan quality compared to standard IC alone brachytherapy. The benefit from the addition of applicators in the first fraction is predictive for the following fractions.
Confounding factors in the assessment of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lorini Luigi , Perri Francesco , Vecchio Stefania , Belgioia Liliana , Vinches Marie , Brana Irene , Elad Sharon , Bossi Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTreatment of locally advanced head and neck carcinoma not amenable for surgical resection or resected with high-risk features is usually based on (chemo-)radiation treatment. Oral mucositis represents one of the main side effects of (chemo-)radiation, with an important impact on quality of life and causing approximately 20% of early interruption of treatment, leading to a suboptimal dose administered. Treatment and prevention of oral mucositis have a central role in the therapeutic pathways of head and neck cancer patients but remains quite challenging. Although extensive research is conducted to identify interventions for the management of mucositis, very few interventions had sufficient evidence to generate an international expert consensus. This may be partially explained by confounding factors that could influence the development and assessment of oral mucositis. Little is known about the confounding factors of oral mucositis, which, if not well balanced in an experimental study, could lead to non-solid results. The current paper aims to review the main oral mucositis confounding factors related to head and neck cancer patients.
GBA-associated PD: chances and obstacles for targeted treatment strategies
Authors: Höglinger Günter , Schulte Claudia , Jost Wolfgang H. , Storch Alexander , Woitalla Dirk , Krüger Rejko , Falkenburger Björn , Brockmann Kathrin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the clear role of GBA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its impact on phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of GBA-associated PD with a special focus on clinical trajectories and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Importantly, differences and characteristics based on mutation severity are recognized, and current as well as potential future treatment options are discussed. These findings will inform future strategies for patient stratification and cohort enrichment as well as suitable outcome measures when designing clinical trials.
Siamese block attention network for online update object tracking
Authors: Xiao Dingkun , Tan Ke , Wei Zhenzhong , Zhang Guangjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisual tracking is a crucial task in computer vision that concentrates on assessing the state of the target in each frame. Siamese based trackers possess an excellent tracking mechanism and balance the accuracy and efficiency well through continuous optimization of network structure. However, the rapid appearance variation and occlusion are still huge challenges to the accuracy and success rate of tracking task. Most Siamese based trackers rely on a fixed object template to match the target in search area and also neglect the importance of feature representation to tracking tasks. Based on the core idea of how to promote the recognition ability of trackers for the dynamic object and keep stable tracking during occlusion process, we present Siamese block attention network for online update object tracking referred to as SBAN. The proposed Siamese block attention module adopts a Siamese network structure to integrate two complementary global descriptors and establish the interdependence among channels to generate channel weights which can enhance the crucial features and restrain inessential ones. We also design an online update target module that can effectively utilize the history tracking information. The final updated target module is the integration of the given template, the process template, and the last tracking results. Experiments on four benchmarks, OTB2015, VOT2018, UAV123, LaSOT, illustrate that our tracker obtains outstanding tracking performance in accuracy and robustness while running at over 53 FPS.
The role of NADPH oxidase 1 in alcohol-induced oxidative stress injury of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Liuying , Chu Huikuan , Hu Lilin , Li Zhonglin , Yang Ling , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlcohol-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in intestinal barrier injury. However, the mechanism of ROS accumulation in enterocytes needs to be explored further. In our study, we found that chronic–binge ethanol-fed mice had increased levels of gut oxidative stress and high intestinal permeability. The transcription profiles of the colonic epithelial cells showed that the level of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) was significantly elevated in alcohol-exposed mice compared with isocaloric-exposed mice. In vitro, NOX1 silencing alleviated ROS accumulation and the apoptosis of human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), while NOX1 overexpression accelerated oxidative stress injury of NCM460 cells. Propionic acid was reduced in the gut of chronic–binge ethanol-fed mice, compared with isocaloric-fed mice, as observed through untargeted metabolomic analysis. Supplementation with propionate relieved ethanol-induced liver and intestinal barrier injuries and reduced the level of ROS accumulation and apoptosis of ethanol-induced colonic epithelial cells. Propionate alleviating NOX1 induced ROS injury of colonic epithelial cells, independent of G protein-coupled receptors. Propionate significantly inhibited histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expressions both in ethanol-exposed colonic epithelial cells and TNF-α-treated NCM460. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that propionate suppressed the NOX1 expression by regulating histone acetylation in the gene promoter region. In conclusion, NOX1 induces oxidative stress injury of colonic epithelial cells in alcohol-related liver disease. Propionate, which can act as an endogenous HDAC2 inhibitor, can decrease levels of apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells caused by oxidative stress.
Graphical Abstract
The Co-Moving Velocity in Immiscible Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Roy Subhadeep , Pedersen Håkon , Sinha Santanu , Hansen Alex 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a continuum (i.e., an effective) description of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media characterized by two fields, the pressure and the saturation. Gradients in these two fields are the driving forces that move the immiscible fluids around. The fluids are characterized by two seepage velocity fields, one for each fluid. Following Hansen et al. (Transport in Porous Media, 125, 565 (2018)), we construct a two-way transformation between the velocity couple consisting of the seepage velocity of each fluid, to a velocity couple consisting of the average seepage velocity of both fluids and a new velocity parameter, the co-moving velocity. The co-moving velocity is related but not equal to velocity difference between the two immiscible fluids. The two-way mapping, the mass conservation equation and the constitutive equations for the average seepage velocity and the co-moving velocity form a closed set of equations that determine the flow. There is growing experimental, computational and theoretical evidence that constitutive equation for the average seepage velocity has the form of a power law in the pressure gradient over a wide range of capillary numbers. Through the transformation between the two velocity couples, this constitutive equation may be taken directly into account in the equations describing the flow of each fluid. This is, e.g., not possible using relative permeability theory. By reverse engineering relative permeability data from the literature, we construct the constitutive equation for the co-moving velocity. We also calculate the co-moving constitutive equation using a dynamic pore network model over a wide range of parameters, from where the flow is viscosity dominated to where the capillary and viscous forces compete. Both the relative permeability data from the literature and the dynamic pore network model give the same very simple functional form for the constitutive equation over the whole range of parameters.
Veränderung des Bewegungsverhaltens durch die ersten beiden Coronawellen im Frühling und Winter 2020
Authors: Müller Miriam , Tittlbach Susanne 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Da Bewegungsmangel weltweit zu den führenden Risikofaktoren für nicht-übertragbare Krankheiten zählt, ist von besonderem Interesse, wie sich die Coronapandemie auf das Bewegungsverhalten auswirkt.

Fragestellung
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die coronabedingte Veränderung der Bewegungsaktivitäten deutscher Erwachsener sowie Zusammenhänge der Aktivitätsveränderung mit der psychischen Gesundheit. Dabei wird ein Schwerpunkt auf Unterschiede zwischen sportaffinen und nicht-sportaffinen Personen gelegt.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer quantitativen Querschnittsstudie wurden Daten zum Aktivitätsausmaß 329 deutscher Erwachsener vor und während der ersten beiden Coronawellen mit Hilfe eines Online-Fragebogens erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Die Coronapandemie führt im Durchschnitt zu einem signifikanten Rückgang des Aktivitätsausmaßes um 56,81 min/Woche. Diese Entwicklung ist allerdings nur bei sportaffinen Personen zu verzeichnen, wohingegen die nicht-sportaffine Gruppe ihr Aktivitätsausmaß um etwa 100 min/Woche erhöht. Ferner korreliert ein verringertes Bewegungsausmaß signifikant positiv mit einer schlechteren psychischen Gesundheit.

Schlussfolgerung
Der coronabedingte Bewegungsrückgang verbunden mit einer schlechteren psychischen Gesundheit ist aufgrund möglicher langfristiger Folgen für die öffentliche Gesundheit besorgniserregend. Das gesteigerte Aktivitätsausmaß in der nicht-sportaffinen Gruppe stellt allerdings eine vielversprechende Entwicklung dar und sollte in Bezug auf künftige gesundheitsfördernde Maßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.
Torque control strategy with V2X information for HEVs to minimize fuel consumption
Authors: Okada Yasutaka , Nishii Shunki , Takeshita Akihiro , Harada Kazuki , Yamasaki Yudai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractToday, much information from traffic infrastructures and sensors of ego vehicle is available. Using such information has a potential for internal combustion engine vehicle to reduce fuel consumption in real world. In this paper, a powertrain controller for a hybrid electric vehicle aiming to reduce fuel consumption is introduced, which uses information from traffic signals, the global positioning system and sensors, and the preceding vehicle. This study was carried out as a benchmark problem of engine and powertrain control simulation and modeling 2021 (E-COSM 2021). The developed controller firstly decides reference acceleration of the ego vehicle using the traffic signal and the position information and the preceding vehicle speed. The acceleration and deceleration leading to increase in unnecessary fuel consumption is avoided. Next, the reference engine, generator, and motor torques are decided to achieve the reference acceleration and minimize fuel consumption. In addition, the reference engine, generator and motor torques were decided by the given fuel consumption map for the engine, and by the virtual fuel consumption maps for the generator and the motor. The virtual fuel consumption is derived from the efficiency maps of the generator and the motor using a given equivalent factor, which converts electricity consumption to fuel for the generator and the motor. In this study, a controller was designed through the benchmark problem of E-COSM 2021 for minimizing total fuel consumption of the engine, the generator, and the motor. The developed controller was evaluated in driving simulations. The result shows that operating the powertrain in efficient area is a key factor in reducing total fuel consumption.