bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the Hostile Abdomen
Authors: Lundy Megan , Ashburn Jean H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCaring for a patient with a hostile abdomen is one of the most challenging clinical situations one can encounter. It requires specialized technical skill coupled with bold but thoughtful decision-making to achieve good outcomes. An approach to the patient with a complex, hostile abdomen must be individualized to account for the patient's personal details. However, implementing an experienced-based algorithm to help make the difficult decisions required in this setting can be helpful, as evidence-based studies are few. The purpose of this review is to provide a structured, evidence, and experienced-based approach to the challenges that the surgeon encounters when faced with a patient with a hostile abdomen, and to discuss perioperative and intraoperative surgical strategies that can lead to most successful outcomes.
Multi-wavelength crosstalk-free velocimetry demonstration and uncertainties
Authors: Barbarin Yohan , Le Blanc Gaël , Roudot Marie , Luc Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

Multiplexed photonic Doppler velocimetry is required to measure 2D surface velocities of novel materials in shock physics experiments. Very close measurements lead to crosstalk issues, which can be fixed by wavelength multiplexing. The benefits of our 16 wavelengths photonic Doppler velocimetry system over conventional systems are demonstrated here. First, a dedicated crosstalk comparative experiment has been carried out using a high-pulsed-power generator at about 80 m/s. Second, velocity uncertainties are discussed with 16 wavelengths measuring the same point in an experiment at 130 m/s.
Detecting gravitomagnetism with space-based gravitational wave observatories
Authors: Tartaglia A , Bassan M , Pucacco G , Ferroni V , Vetrugno D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss the idea of a measurement that, making use of data from space interferometers, could detect the gravito-magnetic field generated by the rotation of the Milky Way, including the possible contribution of the dark matter halo. The galactic signal would be superposed to the gravito-magnetic field of the Sun. The proposed technique is based on the asymmetric propagation of light along the closed contour of the space interferometer, in a Sagnac-like approach. We discuss the principles of detection as well as some practical aspects of the proposed experiment using, as a case study, LISA, the most mature project to date. Both gravito-magnetic signals will be modulated thanks to the annual oscillation of the plane of the interferometer with respect to the galactic plane and to the spin axis of the Sun. Although larger than the detector intrinsic noise, these signals will be superposed to a much larger kinematic modulation due to orbital motion, making them very hard to be observed. We also mention a second phenomenon, where the gravito-magnetic field rotates the polarization of the propagating electromagnetic beams: the effect will be present in LISA, although exceedingly small and out of reach of present technology.
PECVD-derived graphene saturable absorber mirror for 2.8 μm pulsed Er:ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Jin Mingyang , Chang Kaili , Li Chunqiu , Zhang Ruifeng , Li Zenghui , Wang Xi , Chen Ke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Graphene has been emerging as an ideal mid-infrared saturable absorber (SA) due to its broadband absorption, ultrafast nonlinear optical response, high stability and thermal tolerance. However, the current routes (e.g. chemical vapor deposition and spin coating) for constructing graphene SAs are suffering from the limited flexibility in substrate choice and the introduction of impurities during the transfer process, resulting in poor film quality and unstable laser modulation. Here, we demonstrate a high-quality graphene SA mirror (GSAM) grown directly on calcium fluoride (CaF2) substrate by a low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method for mid-infrared pulse modulation. The controllable growth of high-quality graphene film on the nickel-modified CaF2 substrate is realized by adjusting the growth time and hydrocarbon ratio during PECVD process. Consequently, the GSAM shows excellent nonlinear optical absorption with the modulation depth of 11.2%. By inserting the GSAM into the Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, a stable passive Q-switched (QS) operation can be achieved with an average output power of 142 mW and a pulse width of 300.2 ns. The slope efficiency of QS laser is up to 17.4% and the peak power is 7.76 W. Our strategy paves the way for developing high quality and modulation stability GSAM towards industrial applications of pulsed mid-infrared lasers.
2D solar cell with record high power conversion efficiency based on low-symmetry IV-V2 bilayer heterostructure
Authors: Feng Leihao , Zhang Xi , Nie Ya , Xiang Gang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) low-symmetry orthorhombic IV-V2 bilayer heterostructures (HSs) were investigated using first-principles calculations. Our data show that all the constructed bilayer HSs (SiAs2/GeAs2, SiAs2/SiP2 and SiP2/GeAs2) are stabilized by van der Waals interaction. The IV-V2 bilayer HSs exhibit strong visible light absorption and type-II band alignments, which are beneficial for the effective separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs in solar cells. Notably, the 2D SiAs2/GeAs2 HS-based solar cell exhibits a record-high power conversion efficiency (23.98%) higher than those of previously-reported 2D HSs-based solar cells obtained by high-throughput computational screening, owing to its small conduction band offset (0.2 eV) and suitable bandgap (1.49 eV). Our results provide insights into the structures and electronic and photovoltaic properties of the IV-V2 bilayer HSs and may be useful for related 2D solar cell applications.
Study of incomplete fusion reaction dynamics for the system 14N + 169Tm using the forward Recoil Range distribution technique
Authors: Kumar S , Giri Pankaj K , Kumar R , Yadav Abhishek , Ali Rahbar , Appannababu S , Agarwal Avinash , Mukherjee S , Singh Pushpendra P , Sharma Vijay R , Singh B P , Dutt Sunil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Studies in the past have demonstrated that complete fusion and incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics are both significant just above the Coulomb barrier, yet the dynamics of ICF are elusive since they are so complex below 10 MeV/nucleon. In order to investigate low-energy ICF dynamics, we measured the forward recoil range distribution (FRRD) of evaporation residues (ERs) populated in the system 14N + 169Tm at energy ≈5.9 MeV/nucleon. A stack target-catcher activation technique followed by offline-γ-spectroscopy was used to estimate the FRRD of the ERs. In order to investigate a new parameter for describing ICF dynamics, the ICF fraction (F
ICF(%)) for the present system was estimated from the range-integrated cross-sections and compared with other systems in the literature. The FRRD and range integrated cross-sections of seven ERs have been estimated experimentally. These cross-section results agree well with the experimental results obtained from the excitation functions. On re-investigation of entrance channel systematics for Q

α
-value of projectile, mass-asymmetry (μ
MA), and Coulomb factor (Z
P
Z
T), it has been found that the Q

α
-value systematic for 14N is not valid at all projectile energies. The FRRD measurement is one of the direct methods available to probe the complete and ICF contributions in ERs at low projectile energy. It has also been observed that the dynamics of ICF are not only dependent on the parameters of one entrance channel but on multiple entrance channels. We have also introduced the entrance channel parameter zeta (ζ) for the first time in ICF reactions to see the combined effect of mass-asymmetry (μ
MA) and Z
P
Z
T, as this parameter is better suited than μ
MA and Z
P
Z
T individually and has a linear dependency on F
ICF(%).
Pressure-induced structural phase transition of vanadium: a revisit from the perspective of ensemble theory
Authors: Ning Bo-Yuan , Ning Xi-Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For realistic crystals, the free energy strictly formulated in ensemble theory can hardly be obtained because of the difficulty in solving the high-dimension integral of the partition function, the dilemma of which makes it even a doubt if the rigorous ensemble theory is applicable to phase transitions of condensed matters. In the present work, the partition function of crystal vanadium under compression up to 320 GPa at room temperature is solved by an approach developed very recently, and the derived equation of state is in a good agreement with all the experimental measurements, especially the latest one covering the widest pressure range up to 300 GPa. Furthermore, the derived Gibbs free energy proves the very argument to understand most of the experiments reported in the past decade on the pressure-induced phase transition, and, especially, a novel phase transition sequence concerning three different phases observed very recently and the measured angles of two phases agree with our theoretical results excellently.
Reproduction of the acoustic effect of the Kukulkan pyramid by delay effect in DAW
Authors: Vizcaino Arevalo Diego Fabian , Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Mayan city of Chichen Itza is full of legends and mysticism. There, in the temple of Kukulkan, in front of a great pyramid with 91 central staircases, an interesting physical-acoustic phenomenon occurs that has fed mythical stories attributed to the Mayas. When clapping your hands in front of the steps, the echo sounds very different from the sound emitted: The echo presents a ‘tonality’ that resembles a kind of bird chirping (chirp) which is said to be the response of the Quetzal, sacred bird of the Mayas. Earlier work has discussed the convolution method to find a simulation of the spectrum of the echo sound captured at Kukulkan. In this article we are going to present an analysis of the reflected sound using the wave superposition method, and thus obtain a sound with musical ‘Pitch’ as a result of the superposition of multiple reflections of a percussive sound, using the AUDACITY audio software, as demonstrated in the supplementary material.
Microdosimetric investigation for multi-ion therapy by means of silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter
Authors: Sakata Dousatsu , Lee Sung Hyun , Tran Linh T , Pan Vladimir , Nakaji Taku , Mizuno Hideyuki , Kok Angela , Povoli Marco , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Inaniwa Taku 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Ion radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions is one of the most advanced clinical methods for cancer treatment. To further improve the local tumor control, ion radiotherapy using multiple ion species has been investigated. Due to complexity of dose distributions delivered by multi-ion therapy in a tumor, a validation strategy for the planned treatment efficacy must be established that can be potentially used in the quality assurance (QA) protocol for the multi-ion treatment plans. In previous work, we demonstrated that the microdosimetric approach using the silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter is practical for validating cell surviving fraction (SF) of MIA PaCa-2 cells in the independent fields of helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ion beams. Approach. This paper extends the previous study, and we demonstrate a microdosimetry based approach as a pilot study to build the QA protocol in the multi-ion therapy predicting the cell SF along the spread-out Bragg peak obtained by combined irradiations of He+O and C+Ne ions. Across the study, the SOI microdosimeter system MicroPlus was used for measurement of the lineal energy in individual ion fields followed by deriving the lineal energy of combined ion fields delivered by a pencil beam scanning system at HIMAC. Main results. The predicted cell SF based on derived lineal energy and dose in the combined fields was in good agreement with the planned cell SF by our in-house treatment planning system. Significance. The presented results indicated the potential benefit of the SOI microdosimeter system MicroPlus as the QA system in the multi-ion radiotherapy.
Sources of automatic office blood pressure measurement error: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Jian , Li Yumin , Li Jianqing , Zheng Dingchang , Liu Chengyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective: Accurate and reliable blood pressure (BP) measurement is important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The oscillometric-based automatic office blood pressure measurement (AOBPM) is widely used in hospitals and clinics, but measurement errors are common in BP measurements. There is a lack of systematic review of the sources of measurement errors. Approach: A systematic review of all existing research on sources of AOBPM errors. A search strategy was designed in six online databases, and all the literature published before October 2021 was selected. Those studies that used the AOBPM device to measure BP from the upper arm of subjects were included. Main results: A total of 1365 studies were screened, and 224 studies were included in this final review. They investigated 22 common error sources with clinical AOBPM. Regarding the causes of BP errors, this review divided them into the following categories: the activities before measurement, patient’s factors, measurement environment, measurement procedure, and device settings. 13 sources caused increased systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), 2 sources caused the decrease in SBP and DBP, only 1 source had no significant effect on BPs, and the other errors had a non-uniform effect (either increase or decrease in BPs). The error ranges for SBP and DBP were −14 to 33 mmHg and −6 to 19 mmHg, respectively. Significance: The measurement accuracy of AOBPM is susceptible to the influence of measurement factors. Interpreting BP readings need to be treated with caution in clinical measurements. This review made comprehensive evidence for the need for standardized BP measurements and provided guidance for clinical practitioners when measuring BP with AOBPM devices.
A novel optimum variation lateral doping SiC lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor with improved performance
Authors: Kong Moufu , Duan Yuanmiao , Gao Jiacheng , Yan Ronghe , Zhang Bingke , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In thsi paper a novel optimum variation lateral doping 4H-SiC lateral double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) field-effect transistor with improved performance is proposed and numerically simulated. For the proposed 4H-SiC LDMOS, an optimized three-stage variation of lateral doping (VLD) p-top layer is employed in the drift region; thus the doping concentration of the n-drift region can be significantly increased, resulting an ultra-low specific resistance (R
on,sp). The breakdown voltage (BV) is also improved, since the electric field distribution of the drift region is optimized. The current saturation characteristic, gate–drain capacitance (C
GD) and gate-to-drain charge (Q
gd) of the proposed device are all improved, thanks to the effect of the source-connected p-top region. Compared with a conventional LDMOS, the numerical simulation results show that the BV, R
on,sp and Q
gd of the proposed LDMOS are improved by more than 11.9%, 47.3% and 46.3%, respectively. The three-dimensional simulation result indicates that the entire three-stage p-top VLD layer can be produced by one-time fabrication process, which brings great convenience to future production.
Rotating asymmetric solitons in competing nonlinear media
Authors: Dong Liangwei , Liu Dongshuai , Du Zhijing , Shi Kai , Huang Changming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We predict a novel family of off-center localized nonlinear modes in a rotating optical system. The whispering-gallery-like solitons bifurcate out from the symmetric fundamental solitons through a symmetry breaking. They can appear as localized spots, nearly flat-top beams and crescent-like patterns extending over the entire range of polar angles. At critical rotation frequency, asymmetric solitons transform into vortex solitons, whose topological charge gradually increases with the growth of the propagation constant. Asymmetric solitons rotate around the origin persistently during propagation and preserve their shape over arbitrary distance in almost the whole existence domain. Thus, we put forward the first example of stable asymmetric intermediate states in optical systems that bridge the symmetric fundamental solitons and the symmetric vortex solitons with different topological charges, through the variance of the propagation constant and rotation frequency.
EEG microstate in first-episode drug-naive adolescents with depression
Authors: Zhao Zongya , Niu Yanxiang , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhu Yu , Shao Zhenpeng , Wu Xingyang , Wang Chong , Gao Xudong , Wang Chang , Xu Yongtao , Zhao Junqiang , Gao Zhixian , Ding Junqing , Yu Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A growing number of studies have revealed significant abnormalities in electroencephalography (EEG) microstate in patients with depression, but these findings may be affected by medication. Therefore, how the EEG microstates abnormally change in patients with depression in the early stage and without the influence of medication has not been investigated so far. Resting-state EEG data and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were collected from 34 first-episode drug-naïve adolescent with depression and 34 matched healthy controls. EEG microstate analysis was applied and nonlinear characteristics of EEG microstate sequences were studied by sample entropy and Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC). The microstate temporal parameters and complexity were tried to train an SVM for classification of patients with depression. Four typical EEG microstate topographies were obtained in both groups, but microstate C topography was significantly abnormal in depression patients. The duration of microstate B, C, D and the occurrence and coverage of microstate B significantly increased, the occurrence and coverage of microstate A, C reduced significantly in depression group. Sample entropy and LZC in the depression group were abnormally increased and were negatively correlated with HDRS. When the combination of EEG microstate temporal parameters and complexity of microstate sequence was used to classify patients with depression from healthy controls, a classification accuracy of 90.9% was obtained. Abnormal EEG microstate has appeared in early depression, reflecting an underlying abnormality in configuring neural resources and transitions between distinct brain network states. EEG microstate can be used as a neurophysiological biomarker for early auxiliary diagnosis of depression.
Global gyrokinetic simulations of ASDEX Upgrade up to the transport timescale with GENE–Tango
Authors: Di Siena A. , Bañón Navarro A. , Luda T. , Merlo G. , Bergmann M. , Leppin L. , Görler T. , Parker J.B. , LoDestro L. , Dannert T. , Germaschewski K. , Allen B. , Hittinger J. , Dorland B.W. , Hammett G. , Jenko F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An accurate description of turbulence up to the transport timescale is essential for predicting core plasma profiles and enabling reliable calculations for designing advanced scenarios and future devices. Here, we exploit the gap separation between turbulence and transport timescales and couple the global gyrokinetic code GENE to the transport-solver Tango, including kinetic electrons, collisions, realistic geometries, toroidal rotation and electromagnetic effects for the first time. This approach overcomes gyrokinetic codes’ limitations and enables high-fidelity profile calculations in experimentally relevant plasma conditions, significantly reducing the computational cost. We present numerical results of GENE–Tango for two ASDEX Upgrade discharges, one of which exhibits a pronounced peaking of the ion temperature profile not reproduced by TGLF–ASTRA. We show that GENE–Tango can correctly capture the ion temperature peaking observed in the experiment. By retaining different physical effects in the GENE simulations, e.g., collisions, toroidal rotation and electromagnetic effects, we show that the ion temperature profile’s peaking can be linked to electromagnetic effects of submarginal (stable) KBM modes. Based on these results, the expected GENE–Tango speedup for the ITER standard scenario is larger than two orders of magnitude compared to a single gyrokinetic simulation up to the transport timescale, possibly making first-principles ITER simulations feasible on current computing resources.
Simulated contribution of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation to the west Eurasia cooling in 1998–2013
Authors: Suo Lingling , Gastineau Guillaume , Gao Yongqi , Liang Yu-Chiao , Ghosh Rohit , Tian Tian , Zhang Ying , Kwon Young-Oh , Otterå Odd Helge , Yang Shuting , Matei Daniela 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large ensemble simulations with six atmospheric general circulation models involved are utilized to verify the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) impacts on the trend of Eurasian winter surface air temperatures (SAT) during 1998–2013, a period characterized by the prominent Eurasia cooling (EC). In our simulations, IPO brings a cooling trend over west-central Eurasia in 1998–2013, about a quarter of the observed EC in that area. The cooling is associated with the phase transition of the IPO to a strong negative. However, the standard deviation of the area-averaged SAT trends in the west EC region among ensembles, driven by internal variability intrinsic due to the atmosphere and land, is more than three times the isolated IPO impacts, which can shadow the modulation of the IPO on the west Eurasia winter climate.
Volatolomic urinary profile analysis for diagnosis of the early stage of lung cancer
Authors: Gasparri Roberto , Capuano Rosamaria , Guaglio Alessandra , Caminiti Valentina , Canini Federico , Catini Alexandro , Sedda Giulia , Paolesse Roberto , Di Natale Corrado , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Currently, in clinical practice there is a pressing need for potential biomarkers that can identify lung cancer at early stage before becoming symptomatic or detectable by conventional means. Several researchers have independently pointed out that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile can be considered as a lung cancer fingerprint useful for diagnosis. In particular, 16% of volatiles contributing to the human volatilome are found in urine, which is therefore an ideal sample medium. Its analysis through non-invasive, relatively low-cost and straightforward techniques could offer great potential for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, urinary VOCs were analysed with a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS) and an electronic nose (e-nose) made by a matrix of twelve quartz microbalances complemented by a photoionization detector. This clinical prospective study involved 127 individuals, divided into two groups: 46 with lung cancer stage I–II–III confirmed by computerized tomography or positron emission tomography—imaging techniques and histology (biopsy), and 81 healthy controls. Both instruments provided a multivariate signal which, after being analysed by a machine learning algorithm, identified eight VOCs that could distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy ones. The eight VOCs are 2-pentanone, 2-hexenal, 2-hexen-1-ol, hept-4-en-2-ol, 2-heptanone, 3-octen-2-one, 4-methylpentanol, 4-methyl-octane. Results show that GC-IMS identifies lung cancer with respect to the control group with a diagnostic accuracy of 88%. Sensitivity resulted as being 85%, and specificity was 90%—Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics: 0.91. The contribution made by the e-nose was also important, even though the results were slightly less sensitive with an accuracy of 71.6%. Moreover, of the eight VOCs identified as potential biomarkers, five VOCs had a high sensitivity (p ⩽ 0.06) for early stage (stage I) lung cancer.