bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Atomic Molybdenum on Graphene with Distinctive Coordination to Solve Li and S Electrochemistry
Authors: Yuan Jia , Xi Baojuan , Wang Peng , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Song Ning , An Xuguang , Liu Jie , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe improvement of lithium–sulfur batteries is still impeded by notorious shuttling effect and sluggish kinetics on the S cathode, and rampant Li dendrite formation on the Li anode makes it worse. Herein, a type of single‐atom dispersed Mo on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Mo/NG) with a distinctive Mo‐N2O2‐C coordination structure first serving as a multifunctional material is designed by a structure‐oriented strategy to solve Li and S electrochemistry. Mo/NG with superior intrinsic properties endowed by the unique coordination configuration adsorbs soluble polysulfides and promotes bidirectional conversion of LiPSs at the cathode side. Meanwhile, the suitable binding strength of Mo/NG with lithium ions endows it with an attractive lithiophilic feature. Specifically, Mo/NG is able to work as the adaptor to redistribute lithium ions on the interface of separator and homogenize the lithium ion flux. Due to the suitable binding ability with Li+, it does not interfere with the diffusion of lithium ions across and provides tunnels exclusive to lithium ions to generate fast and homogeneous flux. Ascribed to such unique multifunctionality, Li–S batteries assembled with Mo/NG exhibit excellent electrochemical performance including long cycling stability over 1000 cycles and high areal capacities under high sulfur mass loading.
Complementing or Conflicting Rationalities? How Self-Production Practices in Collective Spaces Can Shape Urban Planning: Insights from Maputo City
Authors: António Milousa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpatial planning and governance in African cities are often framed and conceived through the formal-informal binary. This view has been responsible for negative connotations that increase urban populations’ vulnerability. Moreover, it has been heavily criticised as presenting a reductive view of urban development. Alternative framings such as “alternative informality” and “self-production” have recently contested such views by proposing process-oriented approaches that recognise the legitimacy of informal praxis. However, research on self-production practices has tended to focus on the household or municipal level, neglecting what can be termed “collective space”. This chapter explores the production and use practices within collective spaces based on research conducted in two peripheral neighbourhoods in Maputo in 2019. The findings highlight the role and legitimacy of self-production practices in collective space to provide services, consolidate local governance and substantiate urban development. It finds that the role of local residents and authorities in urban planning has only tentatively been accepted by official municipal-level planning agencies. The chapter will reflect on how collective space can better overcome local challenges beyond the household level and represent potentialities for inclusive and democratic planning. However, there are still many challenges in collective space that remain poorly addressed.
Is Climate Change Knowledge Making a Difference in Urban Planning and Practice: Perspectives from Practitioners and Policymakers in Tanzania
Authors: Kombe Wilbard Jackson , Alananga Samwel S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe magnitude and effects of Climate Change (CC) such as floods and storms are projected to increase in the future. There is also a consensus among scholars that rich CC knowledge in urban planning can lead to better Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Mitigation (CCM) outcomes. However, generally the role of planners and plans in responding to Climate Change (CC) challenges has been disappointing and increasingly questioned. This chapter analyses the role of planning education, experience and/or practice among professional planners in addressing climate adaptation and mitigation issues. Field studies involving face to face interviews were conducted in Arusha Municipality in 2019. Questionnaires were completed by practitioners and policymakers. The findings highlight the gaps in CC knowledge and capacity among planners and policymakers. Also, the extent of informality, the major force transforming urban land use and development is overlooked. Most importantly, there is insensitivity, lack of accountability and political commitment by the Local Government Authority (LGA) on CC issues in planning, budgeting, and management. We argue that improving the role of urban planning in CCA and CCM requires: a recognition of the indispensable role of LGAs; substantive engagement of stakeholders; acknowledgement of socio-cultural and economic barriers to CCA/CCM at the local level; guidance on informality; and adaption of multi-level governance and integration of spatial and economic planning at city and community levels.
Zusammenfassung, Implikationen und Reflexion
Authors: Gier Nadine R. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 5 werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse zusammengefasst (Abschnitt 5.1) und die daraus ableitbaren Implikationen für die Forschung und Praxis beschrieben (Abschnitt 5.2). Die Ergebnisse aus den Beiträgen zur Consumer Decision Neuroscience bieten sowohl einen Erkenntnisgewinn für die wissenschaftliche Forschung als auch die Möglichkeit, praktisch-normative Handlungsimplikationen abzuleiten, die die Erkenntnisse im anwendungsorientierten Kontext nutzbar machen. Im Anschluss wird die vorliegende Arbeit vor dem Hintergrund theoretischer Weiterentwicklung kritisch reflektiert (Abschnitt 5.3).
Non-perturbative aspects of the self-dual double copy
Authors: Armstrong-Williams Kymani , White Chris D. , Wikeley Sam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The double copy is by now a firmly-established correspondence between amplitudes and classical solutions in biadjoint scalar, gauge and gravity theories. To date, no strongly coupled examples of the double copy in four dimensions have been found, and previous attempts based on exact non-linear solutions of biadjoint theory in Lorentzian signature have failed. In this paper, we instead look for biadjoint solutions in Euclidean signature, which may be relatable to Yang-Mills or gravitational instantons. We show that spherically symmetric power-like Euclidean solutions do not exist in precisely four spacetime dimensions. The explanation for why this is the case turns out to involve the Eguchi-Hanson instanton, whose single copy structure is found to be more complicated (and interesting) than previously thought. We provide a more general prescription for double- copying instantons, and explain how our results provide a higher-dimensional complement to a recently presented non-perturbative double copy of exact solutions in two spacetime dimensions. In doing so, we demonstrate how the replacement of colour by kinematic Lie algebras operates at the level of exact classical solutions.
Black hole induced false vacuum decay: the role of greybody factors
Authors: Shkerin Andrey , Sibiryakov Sergey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study false vacuum decay catalyzed by black holes. We consider a toy two-dimensional model of a scalar field with an unstable potential in the background of a dilaton black hole. A realistic black hole in four dimensions possesses the potential barrier for linear field perturbations. We model this barrier — the greybody factor — for spherically-symmetric perturbations in the toy model by adding a coupling between the scalar field and dilaton. We compute analytically the decay rate for the black hole in thermal equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking state) and for the radiating black hole in empty space (Unruh state). Our results show that, contrary to the Hartle-Hawking vacuum, the decay probability of the Unruh vacuum remains exponentially suppressed at all black hole temperatures. We argue that this result holds also in four dimensions.
Solving Continuous Time Leech Problems for Rational Operator Functions
Authors: Frazho A. E. , Kaashoek M. A. , van Schagen F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main continuous time Leech problems considered in this paper are based on stable rational finite dimensional operator-valued functionsGandK. Here stable means thatGandKdo not have poles in the closed right half plane including infinity, and the Leech problem is to find a stable rational operator solutionXsuch that$$\begin{aligned} G(s)X(s) = K(s) \quad (s\in \mathbb {C}_+) \quad \hbox {and}\quad \sup \{ \Vert X(s) \Vert :\Re s \ge 0 \} < 1 . \end{aligned}$$G(s)X(s)=K(s)(s∈C+)andsup{‖X(s)‖:ℜs≥0}<1.In the paper the solution of the Leech problem is given in the form of a state space realization. In this realization the finite dimensional operators involved are expressed in the operators of state space realizations of the functionsGandK. The formulas are inspired by and based on ideas originating from commutant lifting techniques. However, the proof mainly uses the state space representations of the rational finite dimensional operator-valued functions involved. The solutions to the discrete time Leech problem on the unit circle are easier to develop and have been solved earlier; see, for example, Frazho et al. (Indagationes Math 25:250–274 2014).
Effect of re-depositions and fiber exposure on the adhesive bond strength of CFRP after UV excimer laser treatment
Authors: Veltrup M. , Lukasczyk T. , Mayer B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdhesive bonding of CFRP is one major approach to join this class of compound materials with other components, e.g., metals. The necessity to clean CFRP parts after fabrication and generate a bond-ready interface without damaging the implemented fibers demands a gentle and highly reproducible surface treatment. Lasers operating in the UV region are one promising technique for that topic. Yet, the factors influencing the adhesion properties of laser-treated CFRP are not sufficiently understood. The present paper describes the influence of nanosecond-pulsed laser parameters on CFRP treatment effects in context of adhesive bonding properties. A special focus was given on the distribution and avoidance of re-deposition effects by laser parameter selection. Furthermore, the effect of laser-induced fiber exposure was analyzed. Re-deposition and fiber exposure were complementarily discussed with chemical analyses of the surface composition after laser treatment in the context of bond strength studies under Mode I loading. It was found that both effects, i.e., re-deposition on the treated surface and laser-induced fiber exposure by overtreatment, result in lower strength values compared to an “optimized” treatment exhibiting none of the descripted conditions.
Prevalence of chronic comorbidities in people with multiple sclerosis: descriptive study based on administrative data in Tuscany (Central Italy)
Authors: Bezzini Daiana , Gualdani Elisa , Razzanelli Matilde , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Cortese Rosa , Francesconi Paolo , Ulivelli Monica 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Chronic comorbidities are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), thus worsening their prognosis and quality of life, and increasing disease burden. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of common comorbidities in PwMS in Tuscany (Central Italy) and to compare it with the general population.

Methods
The prevalence of comorbidities, including diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, stroke, heart failure (HF), cardiac infarction and ischemic heart disease (IHD), was assessed in PwMS and in general population resident in Tuscany, aged > 20 years, using administrative data.

Results
In total, we identified 8,274 PwMS. Among them, 34% had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (28.5%). Comparing PwMS with the general population, PwMS had a higher frequency of hypertension and stroke when considering the whole group, and of diabetes, COPD, and IHD when considering sex and age subgroups. This increased risk was especially evident in the young and intermediate age groups, where multiple sclerosis may play an important role as risk factor for some comorbidities.
In PwMS, as well as in the general population, prevalence of chronic diseases was higher in males and increased with age.

Conclusions
Comorbidities frequently coexist with multiple sclerosis and they may have an impact on this complex disease, from the health, clinical, and socioeconomic points of view. Therefore, a routine screening of chronic comorbidities should be a crucial step in clinical practice, as well as the promotion of healthy lifestyles to prevent the onset and to reduce their burden.
Perovskite Supported Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Tartronic Acid
Authors: Evans Christopher D. , Bartley Jonathan K. , Taylor Stuart H. , Hutchings Graham J. , Kondrat Simon A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExceptional selectivity of LaMnO3 perovskite supported Au catalysts for the oxidation of glycerol to the dicarboxylate tartronic acid is reported. Through using monometallic Au, Pt or bimetallic Au:Pt nanoparticles the tartronic acid yield could be altered significantly, with a maximum yield of 44% in 6 h with Au/LaMnO3 and 80% within 24 h. These LaMnO3 supported catalysts were compared with conventionally TiO2 supported catalysts, which at comparable reaction conditions produced lactic acid, via a dehydration pathway, in high yield and a maximum tartronic acid yield of only 9% was observed. The LaMnO3 catalysts produced minimal lactic acid regardless of the supported metal, showing that the support structure influences the prevalence of dehydration and oxidation pathways. The choice of metal nanoparticle influenced product selectivity along the oxidation pathway for both LaMnO3 and TiO2 supported catalysts. Au catalysts exhibited a higher selectivity to tartronic acid, whereas AuPt catalysts produced glyceric acid and Pt catalysts produced predominantly C–C scission products.
Graphical Abstract
Attachment-Based Parenting Interventions and Evidence of Changes in Toddler Attachment Patterns: An Overview
Authors: Kohlhoff Jane , Lieneman Corey , Cibralic Sara , Traynor Nicole , McNeil Cheryl B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is strong evidence to show links between attachment security in young children and a range of positive outcomes in social, emotional, and psychological domains. The aims of this review were to provide a narrative summary of (1) the attachment-based interventions currently available for caregivers of toddlers aged 12–24 months and for which research about the impact of the program on child attachment patterns has been reported, and (2) the empirical effectiveness of these interventions at improving attachment security. A number of interventions were shown to be associated with shifts to secure and/or organized attachment, with Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up emerging as the interventions with the strongest evidence bases. For most interventions, evidence came from just a single research study, and in some cases from studies that were not randomized controlled trials. In order for clinicians to make informed decisions about the interventions they use with parents and toddlers, it is vital that further research be conducted to test the efficacy of all available attachment-based parenting programs using randomized controlled trial designs, in a range of settings and clinical and cultural groups, and with longitudinal follow-ups.
A neuro-fuzzy model for predicting and analyzing student graduation performance in computing programs
Authors: Mehdi Riyadh , Nachouki Mirna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting student’s successful completion of academic programs and the features that influence their performance can have a significant effect on improving students’ completion, and graduation rates and reduce attrition rates. Therefore, identifying students are at risk, and the courses where improvements in content, delivery mode, pedagogy, and assessment activities can improve students’ learning experience and completion rates. In this work, we have developed a prediction and explanatory model using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methodology to predict the grade point average (GPA), at graduation time, of students enrolled in the information technology program at Ajman University. The approach adopted uses students’ grades in introductory and fundamental IT courses and high school grade point average (HSGPA) as predictors. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the model to quantify the relative significance of each predictor in explaining variations in graduation GPA. Our findings indicate HSGPA is the most influential factor in predicting graduation GPA, with data structures, operating systems, and software engineering coming closely in second place. On the explanatory side, we have found that discrete mathematics was the most influential course causing variations in graduation GPA, followed by software engineering, information security, and HSGPA. When we ran the model on the testing data, 77% of the predicted values fell within one root mean square error (0.29) of the actual GPA, which has a maximum of four. We have also shown that the ANFIS approach has better predictive accuracy than commonly used techniques such as multilinear regression. We recommend that IT programs at other institutions conduct comparable studies and shed some light on our findings.
Analytical solutions for rheological processes around bores and tunnels
Authors: Fülöp Tamás , Szücs Mátyás 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFive analytical solutions are presented for processes of linear viscoelastic, homogeneous, and isotropic solids around freshly opened bores / tunnels in various initial stress fields. The solutions are obtained via a simple and direct realization of Volterra’s principle. This realization is based on an appropriate decomposition of the known solution of the corresponding elastic problem and leads to ordinary differential equations in the time variable in the viscoelastic case. Fairly rich temporal behaviors are revealed.
Influence of Weathering on Pore Size Distribution of Soft Rocks
Authors: Knopp Julia , Steger Hagen , Moormann Christian , Blum Philipp 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoft rocks can weather and lose their structure within a short time due to drying out and rewetting. Thus they are very sensitive to weathering. Since these rocks are often found in the shallow subsurface, they are of great practical relevance in the foundation of constructions. The rock properties change during the weathering process. Particularly relevant is the softening of the material and the decrease of its mechanical properties, which are determined typically using mechanical laboratory or field tests. The objective of this study is to examine in more detail how the microstructure of rocks changes over the course of weathering, which results in a decrease in mechanical properties. Sulfate rocks of the Grabfeld-Formation in Stuttgart, Germany were investigated. Using XRD analyses it was revealed that initially a chemical weathering processes occurs whereby the rocks leach out, followed by a physical weathering process. Investigations with a mercury porosimeter showed that during chemical weathering the intraaggregate pore content greatly increases, whereas the proportion of interaggregate pores only slightly increases.
Testing general relativity with cosmological large scale structure
Authors: Durrer Ruth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper I investigate the possibility to test Einstein’s equations with observations of cosmological large scale structure. I first show that we have not tested the equations in observations concerning only the homogeneous and isotropic Universe. I then show with several examples how we can do better when considering the fluctuations of both, the energy momentum tensor and the metric. This is illustrated with galaxy number counts, intensity mapping and cosmic shear, three examples that are by no means exhaustive.
Training the MCH workforce: the Time for Change is now
Authors: Leider Jonathon P. , Stang Jamie , Bonilla Zobeida E. , Orr Jason , Plepys Christine M. , Gendelman Moriah , Demerath Ellen W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Maternal and child health (MCH) services are critical for vulnerable populations. Workforce shortages, poor retention, and gaps in necessary trainings impede the capacity of public health systems to address needs. This manuscript characterizes the current MCH workforce, MCH program applicants and graduates, and describe findings within a national context to devise elements of a recruitment and retention strategy.

Methods
Data were obtained for public health program applicants, first-destination employment outcomes, and worker perceptions and demographics. Data were stratified according to the MCH and total public health workforce and by local, state, and national totals. Data were characterized by degree type, discipline, demographics, and employment outcomes.

Results
MCH staff constitute 11% of the state and local governmental public health workforce. MCH staff are approximately as diverse, have higher educational attainment, and are more likely to hold nursing degrees than the rest of the public health workforce. Yet, just 14% of MCH staff hold any type of public health degree. The MCH pipeline from academia appears modestly sized, with approximately 5% of applicants between 2017 and 2021 applying to a MCH master’s degree.

Discussion
The MCH workforce has a lower proportion of formal training or degrees in public health, though trends seem to indicate improvements. However, it is critical that a multi-faceted recruitment and retention strategy be coordinated by a broad range of stakeholders. These efforts will serve to improve the capability and capacity of the public health system to address critical needs of increasingly diverse MCH populations.

Significance
In order to modernize and reimagine the academic-public health pipeline, it is critical to better understand how many applicants and graduates exist within Maternal and Child Health programs across the US, and their characteristics. This manuscript connects that information with the most recently available public health workforce information on demographics, workplace perceptions, and intent to leave among staff at state and local health departments. Data presented in this paper allow the most comprehensive characterization of the MCH academia->practice pipeline to-date, identifies a fundamental disconnect in those career pathways, and offers options to repair that break.