bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the 2019/20 bushfires and COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and mental health of older Australians: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth , Thompson Cristina , Morris Darcy , James Sharon , Dilworth Tasmin , Haynes Katharine , Batterham Marijka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2019/20 major bushfires devastated Australia’s East Coast. Shortly afterward the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Older people are disproportionately affected by disasters and are at high risk from respiratory pandemics. However, little is known about how these events impact on older peoples’ health and well-being and engagement with services such as primary care.

Objective
To explore the health impacts of the 2019/20 bushfires and the COVID-19 pandemic on older Australians' health and well-being.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-five people aged over 65 years living in South-eastern New South Wales, Australia participated in an online survey. The survey measured the impacts of the bushfires and COVID-19 on physical and mental health and the capacity of older people to manage these impacts.

Results
Most respondents felt that the bushfires caused them to feel anxious/worried (86.2%) and negatively affected their physical (59.9%) and mental (57.2%) health. While many participants had similar feelings about COVID-19, significantly fewer felt these physical and mental health impacts than from the bushfires. A significantly greater perceived level of impact was observed for females and those with health problems. More respondents described negative mental health than physical health effects. Those who felt more impacted by the events had lower levels of resilience, social connection and support, and self-rated health.

Conclusion
The health impacts identified in this study represent an opportunity for primary care to intervene to both ensure that people with support needs are identified and provided timely support and that older people are prepared for future disasters.
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs: global diversity, distribution, ecophysiology, and activity in marine waters
Authors: Turk-Kubo Kendra A , Gradoville Mary R , Cheung Shunyan , Cornejo-Castillo Francisco M , Harding Katie J , Morando Michael , Mills Matthew , Zehr Jonathan P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation supplies nitrogen to the oceans, supporting primary productivity, and is carried out by some bacteria and archaea referred to as diazotrophs. Cyanobacteria are conventionally considered to be the major contributors to marine N2 fixation, but non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) have been shown to be distributed throughout ocean ecosystems. However, the biogeochemical significance of marine NCDs has not been demonstrated. This review synthesizes multiple datasets, drawing from cultivation-independent molecular techniques and data from extensive oceanic expeditions, to provide a comprehensive view into the diversity, biogeography, ecophysiology, and activity of marine NCDs. A NCD nifH gene catalog was compiled containing sequences from both PCR-based and PCR-free methods, identifying taxa for future studies. NCD abundances from a novel database of NCD nifH-based abundances were colocalized with environmental data, unveiling distinct distributions and environmental drivers of individual taxa. Mechanisms that NCDs may use to fuel and regulate N2 fixation in response to oxygen and fixed nitrogen availability are discussed, based on a metabolic analysis of recently available Tara Oceans expedition data. The integration of multiple datasets provides a new perspective that enhances understanding of the biology, ecology, and biogeography of marine NCDs and provides tools and directions for future research.
“Un-disabled by Covid”: Reflections of a (usually disabled) socio-legal scholar
Authors: Williams Clare 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have all been disabled by Covid: routines interrupted, interactions curtailed, access denied. For many, this was new and troubling. For some, though, like me, this was normal life. Charting two years of intermittent lockdowns due to Covid and the remote working practices that emerged, this article chronicles my experiences as a (usually) disabled socio-legal scholar who found themselves included on an equal basis for the first time. Covid leveled the playing field, giving us glimpses into how remote and hybrid working might be harnessed to fully include disabled people in the workplace. Legal research and academia are fields that are generally amenable to remote and hybrid working. And yet, the “back-to-normal” narrative urges a return to the built and social environments that imply “back to exclusion.” Additionally, proposals for hybrid or remote working tend to be painted as the choice of the individual—a core neoliberal principle. But for disabled or vulnerable people, an individual choice to work remotely can be neither free nor fair. We risk being segregated once again from society; only this time, the segregation is justified by our individual choice. While disabled communities glimpsed a vision of a more inclusive workplace, narrative trends imply entrenched inequality and the full realization of neoliberal academy.
Speaking truth to power: Legal scholars as survivors and witnesses of the Covid-19 maternal mortality in Brazil
Authors: Rondon Gabriela , Diniz Debora , Zaiden Benvindo Juliano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 health emergency has placed special demands on legal scholars, particularly on those based in the Global South. Brazil has been one of the epicenters of the pandemic, with over 680,000 deaths as of August 2022. Our narrative emerges from the duality of our positions amid a national tragedy—we are at the same time survivors of the collective threat of a would-be autocrat and a Covid-19-denialist government, and witnesses to how our preexisting privileges put us in a position of readiness “to speak truth to power.” Speaking truth to power means not only to exercise an independent spirit of analysis and judgment with respect to power, but also to interpellate power openly about its wrongdoings. We understand that our responsibility as legal scholars is to embrace the urgency of the moment—to expand our research agendas beyond our previous academic trajectories and work to mitigate situations of rights violations. It also means that our work as legal scholars has had to transcend the traditional academic spaces. We have positioned ourselves as advocates and litigators for those most affected by the pandemic, in particular vulnerable women. In this article, we share one of our key initiatives during the pandemic—a constitutional lawsuit to demand the right of pregnant and postpartum people to access Covid-19 vaccines.
Between two worlds: Personal reflections from Slovenia and Spain on the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Letnar Černič Jernej 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The global Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the private, family, and professional lives of individuals worldwide. This article discusses its impact on constitutional values in Slovenia and Spain, drawing primarily on my personal experiences. In the past two years, individuals in both countries have suffered greatly due to the pandemic. Millions lost their lives, whereas many continue to suffer the long-term effects of Covid-19. Since the start of the pandemic, the constitutional values of coexistence, mutual respect, human dignity, freedom, and solidarity have been under stress in both societies. The Slovenian and Spanish authorities have employed various measures and restrictions to curtail the spread of the pandemic, some more successful than others. The statistical data illustrates that the pandemic has more affected Slovenian society than Spanish, based on Covid-19 deaths per million inhabitants. This article posits a hypothesis, based on personal experience and observation of both constitutional systems, that the understanding and implementation of constitutional values during the pandemic depended on each country’s traditions, culture, and customs. The article explores the reasons for such discrepancies between the two European countries. It submits that traditions, culture, and historical legacies have shaped the countries’ approaches to protecting constitutional values during the global Covid-19 pandemic.
Evaluating a novel approach to stimulate open science collaborations: a case series of “study-a-thon” events within the OHDSI and European IMI communities
Authors: Hughes N , Rijnbeek P R , van Bochove K , Duarte-Salles T , Steinbeisser C , Vizcaya D , Prieto-Alhambra D , Ryan P 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe introduce and review the concept of a study-a-thon as a catalyst for open science in medicine, utilizing harmonized real world, observation health data, tools, skills, and methods to conduct network studies, generating insights for those wishing to use study-a-thons for future research.Materials and MethodsA series of historical study-a-thons since 2017 to present were reviewed for thematic insights as to the opportunity to accelerate the research method to conduct studies across therapeutic areas. Review of publications and experience of the authors generated insights to illustrate the conduct of study-a-thons, key learning, and direction for those wishing to conduct future such study-a-thons.ResultsA review of six study-a-thons have provided insights into their scientific impact, and 13 areas of insights for those wishing to conduct future study-a-thons. Defining aspects of the study-a-thon method for rapid, collaborative research through network studies reinforce the need to clear scientific rationale, tools, skills, and methods being collaboratively to conduct a focused study. Well-characterized preparatory, execution and postevent phases, coalescing skills, experience, data, clinical input (ensuring representative clinical context to the research query), and well-defined, logical steps in conducting research via the study-a-thon method are critical.ConclusionsA study-a-thon is a focused multiday research event generating reliable evidence on a specific medical topic across different countries and health systems. In a study-a-thon, a multidisciplinary team collaborate to create an accelerated contribution to scientific evidence and clinical practice. It critically accelerates the research process, without inhibiting the quality of the research output and evidence generation, through a reproducible process.
Citizens’ attitude towards subnational borders: evidence from the merger of French regions
Authors: Wilner Lionel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing the 2016 merger of French regions as a natural experiment, this paper adopts a difference-in-differences identification strategy to recover its causal impact on individual subjective well-being. No depressing effect is found in the short term; life satisfaction has even increased in regions that were absorbed from both economic and political viewpoints. The empirical evidence at stake suggests that local economic performance has enhanced in these regions, which includes a faster decline of the unemployment rate. In the context of a unitary state, economic gains have therefore outweighed cultural attachment to administrative regions.
Temporal change in community temporal stability in response to mowing and nutrient enrichment: evidence from a 15-year grassland experiment
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang Jiajia , Ru Jingyi , Song Jian , Chi Zhensheng , Zheng Yujin , Jiang Lin , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Land use and nutrient enrichment can substantially affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, whether and how the responses of community temporal stability to land use and nutrient enrichment change with time remain poorly understood. As part of a 15-year (2005–2019) field experiment, this study was conducted to explore the effects of mowing, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions on community temporal stability in a temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau. Over the 15 years, N and P additions decreased community temporal stability by reducing the population stability, especially the shrub and semi-shrub stability. However, mowing increased community temporal stability in the early stage (2005–2009) only. Nitrogen addition suppressed community temporal stability in the early and late (2015–2019) stages, whereas enhanced it in the intermediate stage (2010–2014). Phosphorus addition decreased community temporal stability marginally in the early stage and significantly in the late stage. The fluctuations of N-induced changes in community temporal stability are mainly explained by its diverse effects on species asynchrony and population stability over time. Our findings highlight the important role of plant functional groups and species asynchrony in regulating community temporal stability, suggesting that more long-term studies are needed to accurately forecast ecosystem response patterns in the context of global change.
Sedative–hypnotic effects of Boropinol-B on mice via activation of GABAA receptors
Authors: Mu Keman , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinqian , Zhang Di , Li Kangning , Li Rui , Yang Peng , Mao Shengjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Boropinol-B is a phenylpropanoid compound originally isolated from Boronia pinnata Sm. (Rutaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the sedative–hypnotic effects of Boropinol-B and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep mouse model and caffeine-induced insomnia mouse model were used to investigate the sedative effects of Boropinol-B. Pharmacokinetics profiles of Boropinol-B in rats were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of Boropinol-B on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system were investigated using ELISA assay and patch-clamp technique. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were carried out to assess the effects of Boropinol-B on sleep-related brain nucleus.

Key findings
Boropinol-B showed significant sedative effects, including reduced sleep latency, increased sleep duration in pentobarbital sodium-treated mice and decreased locomotor activity in insomnia mice. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that Boropinol-B had a rapid onset of action, a short half-life and no accumulation. It increased the GABA level in mice’s brain, and promoted chloride ions influx mediated by the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in neurons. Also, it increased the c-Fos positive ratio of GABAergic neurons in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus and decreased c-Fos expression in tuberomammillary nucleus.

Conclusion
Boropinol-B showed significant sedative–hypnotic effects in mice by activating the GABAA receptors and stimulating the sleep-related brain nucleus.
Data-driven photometric redshift estimation from type Ia supernovae light curves
Authors: de Oliveira Felipe M F , dos Santos Marcelo Vargas , Reis Ribamar R R 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Redshift measurement has always been a constant need in modern astronomy and cosmology. And as new surveys have been providing an immense amount of data on astronomical objects, the need to process such data automatically proves to be increasingly necessary. In this article, we use simulated data from the Dark Energy Survey, and from a pipeline originally created to classify supernovae, we developed a linear regression algorithm optimized through novel automated machine learning (AutoML) frameworks achieving an error score better than ordinary data pre-processing methods when compared with other modern algorithms (such as xgboost). Numerically, the photometric prediction RMSE of type Ia supernovae events was reduced from 0.16 to 0.09 and the RMSE of all supernovae types decreased from 0.20 to 0.14. Our pipeline consists of four steps: through spectroscopic data points we interpolate the light curve using Gaussian process fitting algorithm, then using a wavelet transform we extract the most important features of such curves; in sequence we reduce the dimensionality of such features through principal component analysis, and in the end we applied super learning techniques (stacked ensemble methods) through an AutoML framework dedicated to optimize the parameters of several different machine learning models, better resolving the problem. As a final check, we obtained probability distribution functions (PDFs) using Gaussian kernel density estimations through the predictions of more than 50 models trained and optimized by AutoML. Those PDFs were calculated to replicate the original curves that used SALT2 model, a model used for the simulation of the raw data itself.
Axisymmetric smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: García-Senz D , Wissing R , Cabezón R M , Vurgun E , Linares M 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Many astrophysical and terrestrial scenarios involving magnetic fields can be approached in axial geometry. Although the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique has been successfully extended to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), a well-verified, axisymmetric MHD scheme based on such technique does not exist yet. In this work, we fill that gap in the scientific literature and propose and check a novel axisymmetric MHD hydrodynamic code, that can be applied to physical problems which display the adequate geometry. We show that the hydrodynamic code built following these axisymmetric hypothesis is able to produce similar results than standard 3D-SPMHD codes with equivalent resolution but with much lesser computational load.
GRRMHD simulations of MAD accretion discs declining from super-Eddington to sub-Eddington accretion rates
Authors: Curd Brandon , Narayan Ramesh 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present two general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics (GRRMHD) simulations of magnetically arrested discs (MADs) around non-spinning (a* = 0) and spinning (a* = 0.9) supermassive black holes (BHs). In each simulation, the mass accretion rate is decreased with time such that we sample Eddington-scaled rates over the range $3 \gtrsim \dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\rm {Edd}}\gtrsim 0.3$. For the non-spinning BH model, the total and radiative efficiencies increase as the accretion rate decreases, varying over the range $\eta _{\rm {tot}}\sim 9\!-\!16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $\eta _{\rm {rad}}\sim 6{-}12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. This model shows very little jet activity. In contrast, the spinning BH model has a strong relativistic jet powered by spin energy extracted from the BH. The jet power declines with accretion rate such that $\eta _{\rm {jet}}\sim 18{-}39{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ while the total and radiative efficiencies are $\eta _{\rm {tot}}\sim 64{-}100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $\eta _{\rm {rad}}\sim 45{-}79{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. We confirm that mildly sub-Eddington discs can extract substantial power from a spinning BH, provided they are in the MAD state. The jet profile out to $100\, GM/c^2$ is roughly parabolic with a power-law index of k ≈ 0.43−0.53 during the sub-Eddington evolution. Both models show significant variability in the outgoing radiation which is likely associated with episodes of magnetic flux eruptions. The a* = 0.9 model shows semiregular variations with a period of $\sim 2000\, GM/c^3$ over the final $\sim 10\, 000\, GM/c^3$ of the simulation, which suggests that magnetic flux eruptions may be an important source of quasi-periodic variability. For the simulated accretion rates, the a* = 0 model is spinning up while the a* = 0.9 model is spinning down. Spinup–spindown equilibrium of the BH will likely be achieved at 0.5 &lt; a*, eq &lt; 0.6, assuming continuous accretion in the MAD state.
Photometric identification of compact galaxies, stars, and quasars using multiple neural networks
Authors: Chaini Siddharth , Bagul Atharva , Deshpande Anish , Gondkar Rishi , Sharma Kaushal , Vivek M , Kembhavi Ajit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present MargNet, a deep learning-based classifier for identifying stars, quasars, and compact galaxies using photometric parameters and images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 catalogue. MargNet consists of a combination of convolutional neural network and artificial neural network architectures. Using a carefully curated data set consisting of 240 000 compact objects and an additional 150 000 faint objects, the machine learns classification directly from the data, minimizing the need for human intervention. MargNet is the first classifier focusing exclusively on compact galaxies and performs better than other methods to classify compact galaxies from stars and quasars, even at fainter magnitudes. This model and feature engineering in such deep learning architectures will provide greater success in identifying objects in the ongoing and upcoming surveys, such as Dark Energy Survey and images from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
Dynamics of hot galactic winds launched from spherically-stratified starburst cores
Authors: Nguyen Dustin D , Thompson Todd A , Schneider Evan E , Lopez Sebastian , Lopez Laura A 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The analytic galactic wind model derived by Chevalier and Clegg in 1985 (CC85) assumes uniform energy and mass-injection within the starburst galaxy nucleus. However, the structure of nuclear star clusters, bulges, and star-forming knots are non-uniform. We generalize to cases with spherically-symmetric energy/mass injection that scale as r−Δ within the starburst volume R, providing solutions for Δ = 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2. In marked contrast with the CC85 model (Δ = 0), which predicts zero velocity at the centre, for a singular isothermal sphere profile (Δ = 2), we find that the flow maintains a constant Mach number of $\mathcal {M}=\sqrt{3/5} \simeq 0.77$ throughout the volume. The fast interior flow can be written as $v_{r \lt R} = (\dot{E}_T/3\dot{M}_T)^{1/2} \simeq 0.41 \, v_\infty$, where v∞ is the asymptotic velocity, and $\dot{E}_T$ and $\dot{M}_T$ are the total energy and mass injection rates. For $v_\infty \simeq 2000 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$, $v_{r\lt R} \simeq 820 \, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$ throughout the wind-driving region. The temperature and density profiles of the non-uniform models may be important for interpreting spatially-resolved maps of starburst nuclei. We compute velocity resolved spectra to contrast the Δ = 0 (CC85) and Δ = 2 models. Next generation X-ray space telescopes such as XRISM may assess these kinematic predictions.
Functional characterization of diverse type I-F CRISPR-associated transposons
Authors: Roberts Avery , Nethery Matthew A , Barrangou Rodolphe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems generally provide adaptive immunity in prokaryotes through RNA-guided degradation of foreign genetic elements like bacteriophages and plasmids. Recently, however, transposon-encoded and nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas systems were characterized and shown to be co-opted by Tn7-like transposons for CRISPR RNA-guided DNA transposition. As a genome engineering tool, these CRISPR-Cas systems and their associated transposon proteins can be deployed for programmable, site-specific integration of sizable cargo DNA, circumventing the need for DNA cleavage and homology-directed repair involving endogenous repair machinery. Here, we selected a diverse set of type I-F3 CRISPR-associated transposon systems derived from Gammaproteobacteria, predicted all components essential for transposition activity, and deployed them for functionality testing within Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrate that these systems possess a significant range of integration efficiencies with regards to temperature, transposon size, and flexible PAM requirements. Additionally, our findings support the categorization of these systems into functional compatibility groups for efficient and orthogonal RNA-guided DNA integration. This work expands the CRISPR-based toolbox with new CRISPR RNA-guided DNA integrases that can be applied to complex and extensive genome engineering efforts.