bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a lattice structure with periodic open pores through three-dimensional printing for bone ingrowth
Authors: Park Jong Woong , Park Hyenmin , Kim June Hyuk , Kim Hong Moule , Yoo Chang Hyoung , Kang Hyun Guy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lattice structures for implants can be printed by metal three-dimensional (3D)-printing and used as a porous microstructure to enhance bone ingrowth in 3D-printed orthopedic implants. However, the design and 3D-printed product can have differences. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether targeted pores can be stably obtained despite printing errors. The specimen was printed in a cube shape with one side in 15 mm and a full lattice with a dode-thin structure in 1.15, 1.5, and 2.0 mm by selective laser melting method. Beam compensation was applied while serially increasing it until the vector was lost. For each specimen, the actual unit size and thickness of struts were measured 50 times. Pore size was calculated from the unit size and strut, and porosity was converted from the specimen’s weight. The actual average output for pore sizes 1.15, 1.5, and 2.0 mm were 257.9, 406.2, and 633.6 µm, respectively, and volume porosity was 62%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. No strut breakage or gross deformation in all 3D-printed specimens were observed, and the pores were uniformly fabricated with < 10% standard deviation. An actual printed structure in the micrometer-scaled structure indicated a significant difference from the design, although this error was not random. Although the accuracy was low, precision was high for pore cells, so reproducibility was secured stably. The target pore size and porosity were obtained by 3D-printing of a dode-thin structure with a unit size of 1.5 mm.
Comparison of the immunological and T-cell responses in vaccinated people positive and negative to SARS-CoV-2 employing FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Mata-Miranda Monica M. , Martinez-Cuazitl Adriana , Sanchez-Brito Miguel , Delgado-Macuil Raul J. , Guerrero-Ruiz Melissa , Atriano-Colorado Consuelo , Garibay-Gonzalez Francisco , Sanchez-Monroy Virginia , López-Reyes Alberto , Solano-Sanchez Jesús B. , Chavez-Velasco Arleth S. , Valadez-Zenteno Charlyn , Vazquez-Zapien Gustavo Jesus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Various immunopathological events characterize the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, it has been reported that T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is predominated by CD4+ T cells, which could be related to the compromised long-lasting protection. Furthermore, different vaccines have been developed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this research aimed to analyze and compare Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of vaccinated people with a positive (V-COVID-19 group) or negative (V-Healthy group) qPCR test, evaluating the long-lasting immune and T-cell responses through FTIR spectroscopy. Most individuals that integrated the V-Healthy group (88.1%) were asymptomatic; contrary, only 28% of the V-COVID-19 were asymptomatic. Likewise, 68% of the V-COVID-19 group had at least one coexisting illness. About the immunological and T-cell responses analyzed through FTIR spectroscopy, the V-COVID-19 group showed a greater content of IgG and IgA as well as the analyzed cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-10). Therefore, it was possible to evaluate in saliva the long-lasting immune and T-cell responses through FTIR spectroscopy, showing a statistical significance between the groups. Moreover, we corroborated that the protective role of vaccination is not only by antibodies; the vaccine-induced T cells might contribute to vaccine efficacy against viral variants.
Crizotinib loaded polydopamine-polylactide-TPGS nanoparticles in chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Yilan , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of crizotinib loaded polydopamine-polylactide-TPGS nanoparticles (CZT/pD-PT NPs) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its safety.Methods: After the synthesis of CZT/pD-PT NPs, their characterization was evaluated and its effects on PC-9 cell viability and apoptosis were determined. In vivo experiment was further performed to evaluate the anti-NSCLC efficacy of CZT/pD-PT NPs. TUNEL assay and Western blot were respectively applied for the determination of cell apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression, while liver function-related index expression detection and liver histopathological detection were used to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of CZT/pD-PT NPs. Results: Compared with free CZT, CZT/pD-PT NPs had a slow-release effect and promoted the cellular uptake of CZT. In addition, CZT/pD-PT NPs significantly inhibited PC-9 cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, showing superior cytotoxicity. At the same time, CZT/pD-PT NPs had no significant effect on liver tissue morphology liver and function-related indicators such as ALP, ALT, AST and DBIL.Conclusion: CZT/pD-PT NPs has excellent anti-NSCLC effect with low hepatotoxicity, which can be served as a novel drug delivery system to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for NSCLC.
Endogenous circadian reporters reveal critical consequences of diverse novel mutations in clock genes
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Lee Kwangjun , Kim Hyeongseok , Shin Heongsop , Lee Choogon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Adverse consequences from having a faulty circadian clock include compromised sleep quality and poor performance in the short-term, and metabolic diseases and cancer in the long-term. However, our understanding of circadian disorders is limited by the incompleteness of our molecular models and our dearth of defined mutant models. Because it would be prohibitively expensive to develop live animal models to study the full range of complicated clock mechanisms, we developed Per1-luc and Per2-luc endogenous circadian reporters in a validated clock cell model, U2OS, where the genome can be easily manipulated, and functional consequences of mutations can be accurately studied. Using these reporter cells, we uncovered critical differences between two paralogs of Per and Cry, as well as working principles of the circadian phosphotimer. Our system can be used as an efficient platform to study circadian sleep disorders such as Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (FASPS) and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
The relationship between chest tube position in the thoracic cavity and treatment failure in empyema patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Taniguchi Jumpei , Nakashima Kei , Matsui Hiroki , Nagai Tatsuya , Otsuki Ayumu , Ito Hiroyuki , Sugimura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Empyema is an infection of the pleura space for which antibiotics and source control are important treatments. Chest tube insertion is the most popular and widely used drainage technique. As much as possible, we customarily attempt to place the tube at the bottom in the thoracic cavity to consider the effects of gravity; however, the effectiveness of this custom is not well-defined. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the position of the tip of the thoracic tube affects treatment failure in patients with empyema.Methods: In this retrospective observational study, empyema patients who underwent thoracic tube insertion were divided into two groups: those with the tip of the tube positioned below the 10th thoracic vertebra at the level of the diaphragm (lower position group) and those with the tip placed above the 9th thoracic vertebra (upper position group). We compared whether the position of the tube tip affected treatment failure. Stabilized inverse probability treatment weights (SIPTW) were used to balance the baseline characteristics between the groups. Treatment failure showed a composite outcome of hospital death, referral to surgeons for surgery, and additional chest tube insertion.Results: Among the 87 patients, 41 and 46 were in the lower and upper groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the composite outcomes between the groups (46.3% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.596). There was also no significant difference in the composite outcome between both groups after adjusting for SIPTW (52.3% vs. 68.8%, P=0.286).Conclusions: There were no significant differences in treatment failure in this empyema treatment study, in which the drain tip position was stratified by the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae. The position of the tip of the thoracic tube may not be important for empyema treatment as long as if it is in the thoracic cavity. Trial registration: The participants were registered retrospectively.
Impact of Aedes aegypti breeding containers physicochemical parameters on their productivity and adult mosquito body size in Ouagadougou city, Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Wengida Mathias , Toé Hyacinthe Kobie , Sombié Aboubacar , Viana Mafalda , Bougouma Clarisse , Sanon Antoine , Weetman David , McCall Philip J. , Kanuka Hirotaka , Badolo Athanase 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeatedly reported in West Africa. Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks most notably in 2016 and 2017, with 80% of cases recorded in Ouagadougou (Central health region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector to provide information for control, a study on the productivity of Aedes breeding sites measured by abundance of immature stages, and resultant adult body size, and breeding site characteristics was undertaken in three Health Districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo, and Nongremassom) of the city of Ouagadougou.
Methods
Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from -month- to -month- 2018. Water containers were systematically recorded and prospected for larval presence or absence. Breeding container characteristics including size, temperature, pH and conductivity were recorded as well as water volume. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value.
Results
A total of 1,061 breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 were positive for Aedes aegypti immature stages. Tires, medium (Buckets/Cans/Pots) and large (Bin/barrel/drums) containers were the most frequent, positive and productive larval habitats in each health district. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, house and container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed that larval and pupal abundances were each associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics and collection month, but with significant differences among container types among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with containers type, diameter, electrical conductivity; and negatively associated with pH, temperature, and a containers’ level of exposure to sunshine.
Conclusion
We provide data on putative determinants of Aedes aegypti immature habitat productivity, which are useful to better understand Aedes aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that targeting the most productive containers could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.
Paternal genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of three white yak breeds/populations in China
Authors: Luo Jing , Liu Wenxian , Chen Shengmei , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Sun Wenping , Li Ruizhe , Lei Chuzhao , Ma Zhijie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The white yak, a unique and valuable farm animal of the Qinghai-Tibetian Plateau, is mainly distributed in Tianzhu (County of Gansu Province), Menyuan, Huzhu and Ledu (three Counties of Qinghai Province) in China. In the present study, the Y-chromosomal based genetic diversity, differentiation and phylogeny of three Chinese white yak breeds/populations (Tianzhu, Huzhu and Menyuan) were comprehensively explored using five Y-SNPs (SRY4, USP9Y, UTY19, AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and one Y-STR (INRA189) markers. The results of this study showed that six Y-haplotypes (H1Y1, H9Y1, H10Y1, H11Y2, H12Y2 and H13Y2) were identified in 97 male yaks from three white yak breeds/populations. Among haplotypes, H1Y1, H10Y1 and H11Y2 were shared haplotypes for all of breeds/populations and H12Y2 was shared by Tianzhu and Huzhu populations. However, H9Y1 and H13Y2 haplotypes were only detected in Menyuan and Tianzhu white yak populations, respectively. The Y-haplotype diversity was maximum in Huzhu white yak (0.7500±0.0349), the medium in Tianzhu white yak (0.6881±0.0614) and lowest in Menyuan white yak (0.5720±0.0657), respectively. The total Y-haplotype diversity of three white yak breeds/populations was 0.7567±0.0233, indicating rich paternal genetic diversity in white yak. The FST values showed a moderate differentiation between Tianzhu and Menyuan (FST =0.0763, P<0.05) populations, weak differentiation between Huzhu and Tianzhu white yak breeds/populations (FST =0.0186, P>0.05) and Huzhu and Menyuan (FST =-0.005, P>0.05) populations. The clustering analysis showed a close genetic relationship between Huzhu and Menyuan white yaks and far from Tianzhu white yak breed. The phylogenetic analyses showed that white yak had two Y-haplogroups/lineages (Y1 and Y2) with two potential paternal origins. The data of present study could contribute to the conservation and utilization of special white yak genetic resources.
The revelation of spontaneous correction of malalignment ventricular septal defect and overriding of the aorta in a child with pink tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Shrivastava Ashish , Bhatia Snigdha , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Safa Raya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. The presentation and treatment approach depends on the severity of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and most cases require a surgical correction. We describe a neonate with pink TOF who exhibited typical echocardiographic characteristics such as aortic overriding, and a large VSD with minimal or no pulmonary outflow tract obstruction. The patient lost to follow-up, and a repeat 5-year echocardiogram revealed the absence of aortic overriding and significantly restricted VSD with a left-to-right shunt(pressure gradient ~50 mmHg across the VSD). There is no previous evidence of spontaneous correction of the defects associated with TOF which makes this case so intriguing.
Prevalence and Outcome of Steroid-Resistant/Refractory Pneumonitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational Study of the Prospective REISAMIC Registry
Authors: Camard Marion , Besse Benjamin , Cariou Pierre-Louis , Massayke Sabine , Laparra Ariane , Noel Nicolas , Michot Jean-Marie , Ammari Samy , Pavec Jérôme Le , Lambotte Olivier 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background. Anticancer immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including interstitial pneumonitis, which is managed chiefly with systemic corticosteroids. When corticosteroids fail, second-line immunosuppressive therapy is indicated. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of ICI-induced pneumonitis requiring second-line immunosuppressive therapy (IS).Methods. We collected data form the REISAMIC pharmacovigilance registry and the multidisciplinary immunological toxicity board at Gustave Roussy (France). No response to steroids was called steroid-refractory pneumonitis and relapse after an initial response was defined as steroid-resistant pneumonitis. Results. Of the 1187 patients screened from the REISAMIC register, 48 (4%) patients had pneumonitis treated with corticosteroids. Five of them (10%) had corticosteroid refractory/resistant disease but only 2 were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Four additional patients requiring immunosuppressive therapy identified via the immunological toxicity board were included. Immunosuppressive therapy were cyclophosphamide (n=4 pts), infliximab (n=1 pt), intravenous immunoglobulins (n=1 pt). Five of these six patients had corticosteroid-refractory disease and one had corticosteroid-resistant pneumonitis. Five patients had severe pneumonitis (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade ≥3) at initial pneumonitis diagnosis. Two months mortality rate in patients treated with IS was 67% (4/6). Among the patients treated with IS, the two patients alive at 5 months were treated with cyclophosphamide. Conclusion. Patients with ICI-pneumonitis treated by steroids needed IS in 10% of cases. High mortality at 67% of patients was observed in ICI-pneumonitis after steroid failure. Cyclophosphamide could be a treatment option for pneumonitis after corticosteroid failure.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibition by metformin reduces melanoma lung metastasis in a murine model
Authors: Veloso Emerson Soares , de Carvalho Bárbara Andrade , Silva Felipe Henrique de Souza , Ribeiro Thaís Salviana , Lima Bruna Mendes , Almeida Camila Pereira , Silva Vítor Henrique Soares Romão da , Rocha Sara Aparecida , Campos Marina Rios de Araújo , Puerto Helen Lima Del , Ferreira Enio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Melanoma is aggressive cancer with fast metastatic spread and reduced survival time. One common event during the neoplastic progression is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances invasiveness, cell migration, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of metformin at EMT in melanoma cell lines B16-F10 and A-375, in vitro, and the impact of EMT downregulation on melanoma progression in vivo. The metformin cells treatment reduces the migration potential in vitro and reduced the development of pulmonary metastases and the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and ZEB2 at the metastases site, in vivo. These results indicate that metformin can promote EMT downregulation impairing the metastatic potential of melanoma cells.
The association of travel distance and severity of odontogenic infections
Authors: Sklavos Anton , Lee Kai , Masood Mohd 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Odontogenic infections (OI) are a preventable disease which are commonly managed in a tertiary hospital setting. Prevention of severe infections and hospitalisation relies on timely and accessible primary dental care. This study outlines the pre-hospital treatment of patients presenting to hospital with OI’s and the association between travel distance from patients’ residence to a tertiary hospital Oral and Maxillofacial surgical (OMS) unit. Methods: This study analysed patients who initially presented hospital with an OI. Patient demographics, pre-hospital treatment and clinical markers of severity were recorded. The travel distance from the patient’s residence to the hospital was recorded in km, along with any inter-hospital transfer via road/air ambulance. Results: 227 patients were included in this study, 17.2% required an inter-hospital transfer. Of these patients 70.3% had prior treatment before hospitalisation, and antibiotics without source control was the most frequent treatment (83.1%). The mean travel distance for patients with more severe markers of infection significantly greater than patients with minor infections (p=<.001). Patients who required an inter-hospital transfer accounted for most cases with airway compromise requiring ICU admission. Conclusion: This study found that the majority of patients presenting to hospital with an OI had received antibiotics alone as treatment before hospitalisation. The travel distance from a tertiary hospital with OMS services had a significant correlation to more severe infections. This has important public health implications for the allocation of preventative dental services.
Effect of BCG Vaccination on Childhood Tuberculosis in a Region with High Prevalence of Tuberculosis
Authors: Motanova L. N. , Kudrya M. N. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. BCG vaccination is included in the vaccination schedules of many countries. Numerous studies show its high efficacy, especially in regions with a high prevalence of the disease, and the limited efficacy of revaccination.The objective of the study: to estimate the occurrence of clinical forms of childhood tuberculosis (TB) depending on BCG vaccination in regions with a high prevalence of TB.Materials and Methods. The research design is a retrospective continuous comparative study. We analyzed the data of registration forms No. 089/y-tub of children aged 0 to 17 years with primary active tuberculosis (n = 450) over the period from 2017 to 2020 in Primorsky Territory. Children were divided into groups: 0-3 years old (n = 124), 4-6 (n = 88), 7-10 (n = 61), 11-14 (n = 75), and 15-17 (n = 102).Results. Contact with TB patients was a significant risk factor for children aged from 0 to 3 years.The study revealed a significant predominance of primary tuberculosis among non-BCG-vaccinated children aged 0 to 17 (60.7 and 84.2%, χ2 = 8.234, p = 0.005). Secondary tuberculosis prevailed in vaccinated children (32.3 and 5.6%, χ2 = 12.094, Pearson's contingency coefficient was 0.134 for primary forms and 0.162 for secondary forms).There were no significant differences between the generalized and extrapulmonary forms depending on the vaccination. At the same time, extrapulmonary forms were more common in unvaccinated children (4.9 and 10.5%, χ2 = 2.217, p = 0.137). Revaccination had no significant effect on the occurrence of clinical forms of TB.Conclusions. BCG vaccination has a protective effect against TB. The main preventive measures are early diagnosis of latent tuberculosis using a recombinant tuberculosis allergen skin test. Also, preventive therapy protects against endogenous and secondary TB. No convincing evidence of an additional protective effect of BCG revaccination was obtained.