bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHEN SEX MATTERS: A COMPARATIVE GENERALISED STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL (GSEM) FOR THE DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING AMONGST UNDER-FIVES IN UGANDA
Authors: Vallence Ngabo M , Atuhaire Leonard , Rutayisire Peter Clever 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to establish the differences in both the determinants of stunting and the causal mechanism through which the identified determinants influence stunting amongst male and female under-fives in Uganda. Literature shows that male children below the age of five years are at a higher risk of being stunted than their female counterparts. Specifically, studies in Uganda indicate that being a male child is positively associated with stunting while being a female is negatively associated with stunting.Data for 904 male and 829 female under-fives was extracted form UDHS-2016 survey dataset. Key variables for this study were identified and used in generating relevant models and paths. Structural equation modeling techniques was used in its generalized form (GSEM). The generalized nature necessitated specifying both the family and link functions for each response variables in the system of the model. Sex of the child (b4) was used as a grouping factor and the height for age (HAZ) scores were used to construct the status for stunting of under-fives.The estimated models and path clearly indicated that the set of underlying factors that influence male and female under-fives respectively were different and the path through which they influence stunting were different. However, some of the determinants that influenced stunting amongst male under-fives also influenced stunting amongst the female under-fives.To reduce the stunting problem to the desirable state, it is important to consider the multifaceted and complex nature of the risk factors that influence stunting amongst the under-fives but more importantly consider the different sex specific factors and their causal mechanism or paths through which they influence stunting.
Postural control telerehabilitation with a low-cost virtual reality protocol for children with cerebral palsy: Protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Gatica-Rojas Valeska , Cartes-Velásquez Ricardo , Soto-Poblete Alex , Cofré Lizama Luis Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the feasibility and effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality aimed at improving postural control in children with cerebral type palsy spastic hemiplegia. It also seeks to compare low-cost virtual reality under two delivery modalities, telerehabilitation (TR) and face-to-face (FtF).MethodsRandomized controlled clinical trial from the ACTRN platform ACTRN12621000117819. Eighteen sessions of low-cost virtual reality therapy will be provided through both, FtF and TR modalities using a Nintendo Wii balance board. Each programme will last for 6 weeks and will consist of 3 sessions per week of 25 minutes each. The participants will include 40 patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy type spastic hemiplegia. Twenty participants for each group. Participants will be assessed at baseline, by the end of weeks 2, 4, and 6, and at weeks 8 and 10 (post-intervention follow-ups). Clinical measures include the Modified-Modified Ashworth Scale for lower limbs, Modified Ashworth Scale for upper limbs, timed up-and-go tests, the timed one-leg standing and 6-minute walk test. Posturographic measures, including sway area and velocity, under six conditions will be used: 2 statics and 4 dynamic conditions, which include voluntary sway in the mediolateral direction following a metronome set at 30Hz and 60Hz, and sway while playing 2 different videogames.ResultsThis study provides an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of an affordable rehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality aimed at improving postural control in children with cerebral palsy.ConclusionRehabilitation programme using low-cost virtual reality will improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy type spastic hemiplegia and this programme delivered using TR will be as effective as a FtF modality. The TR programme has be designed to expand the coverage of physiotherapy services for children with cerebral palsy in low-resource settings and in remote areas.
Design and implementation of a global site assessment survey among HIV clinics participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) research consortium
Authors: Brazier Ellen , Maruri Fernanda , Wester C. William , Musick Beverly , Freeman Aimee , Parcesepe Angela , Hossmann Stefanie , Christ Benedikt , Kimmel April , Humphrey John , Freeman Esther , Enane Leslie A. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Ballif Marie , Golub Jonathan E. , Nash Denis , Duda Stephany N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionTimely descriptions of HIV service characteristics and their evolution over time across diverse settings are important for monitoring the scale-up of evidence-based program strategies, understanding the implementation landscape, and examining service delivery factors that influence HIV care outcomes.MethodsThe International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium undertakes periodic cross-sectional surveys on service availability and care at participating HIV treatment sites to characterize trends and inform the scientific agenda for HIV care and implementation science communities. IeDEA’s 2020 general site assessment survey was developed through a consultative, 18-month process that engaged diverse researchers in identifying content from previous surveys that should be retained for longitudinal analyses and in developing expanded and new content to address gaps in the literature. An iterative review process was undertaken to standardize the format of new survey questions and align them with best practices in survey design and measurement and lessons learned through prior IeDEA site assessment surveys.ResultsThe survey questionnaire developed through this process included eight content domains covered in prior surveys (patient population, staffing and community linkages, HIV testing and diagnosis, new patient care, treatment monitoring and retention, routine HIV care and screening, pharmacy, record-keeping and patient tracing), along with expanded content related to antiretroviral therapy (differentiated service delivery and roll-out of dolutegravir-based regimens); mental health and substance use disorders; care for pregnant/postpartum women and HIV-exposed infants; tuberculosis preventive therapy; and pediatric/adolescent tuberculosis care; and new content related to Kaposi’s sarcoma diagnostics, the impact of COVID-19 on service delivery, and structural barriers to HIV care. The survey was distributed to 238 HIV treatment sites in late 2020, with a 95% response rate.ConclusionIeDEA’s approach for site survey development approach has broad relevance for HIV research networks and other priority health conditions.
Characteristics of health-related quality of life and related factors in patients with brain tumors treated with rehabilitation therapy
Authors: Watanabe Takahiro , Noto Shinichi , Natsumeda Manabu , Kimura Shinji , Tabata Satoshi , Ikarashi Fumie , Takano Mayuko , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Oishi Makoto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRehabilitation therapy during hospitalization is effective in improving activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function in patients with brain tumors. However, there are few studies on the effect of rehabilitation therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with brain tumors. Additionally, the EuroQol-5Dimension-5Level (EQ-5D-5L) index score has not been reported as an outcome. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of patients with brain tumors who underwent rehabilitation therapy and investigated the factors affecting the EQ-5D-5L index score from various perspectives, including various brain tumor types, treatment methods, and recurrence. In addition, we examined the relationship between the EQ-5D-5L index score, disease-specific HRQOL scale, and ADL.MethodsPatients with brain tumors who underwent treatment and rehabilitation at Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital were included in this cross-sectional study. We used the EQ-5D-5L, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire core 30, and EORTC quality of life questionnaire brain cancer module to evaluate HRQOL. ADL were assessed using the functional independence measure (FIM). The relationship between each HRQOL assessment score and the FIM was analyzed, and the influence of related factors was assessed by multiple regression analysis.ResultsThis study included 76 patients. The EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.689 for all patients with brain tumors and 0.574 for those with glioblastomas, which was the lowest value. There was a strong correlation between the EQ-5D-5L index score and FIM (r = 0.627, p<0.001). In addition, the EQ-5D-5L index score was significantly correlated with most of the items of the disease-specific HRQOL scale. Multiple regression analysis revealed that glioblastoma histology (coefficient: -0.570, p = 0.024) and surgery (coefficient: 0.376, p = 0.030) were independent factors affecting the EQ-5D-5L index score.ConclusionsPatients with glioblastoma undergoing rehabilitation may have reduced HRQOL, which was influenced by glioblastoma histology and surgery.
The regulation of circadian rhythm by insulin signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho T , Tomita Jun , Kume Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCircadian rhythm is well conserved across species and relates to numerous biological functions. Circadian misalignment impairs metabolic function. Insulin signaling is a key modulator of metabolism in the fruit fly as well as mammals and its defects cause metabolic disease. Daily diet timing affects both circadian rhythmicities of behavior and metabolism. However, the relationship between circadian clock and insulin signaling is still elusive. Here, we report that insulin signaling regulates circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. We found the insulin receptor substrate mutant, chico1, showed a shorter free-running circadian period. The knockdown of insulin receptor (InR), or another signaling molecule downstream of InR, dp110, or the expression of a dominant-negative form of InR resulted in the shortening of the circadian period and diminished its amplitude. The impairment of insulin signaling both in all neurons and restricted circadian clock neurons altered circadian period length, indicating the insulin signaling plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm in clock cells. Among 3 insulin-like ligands expressed in the brain, dilp5 showed the largest effect on circadian phenotype when deleted. These results suggested that insulin signaling contributes to the robustness of the circadian oscillation and coordinates metabolism and behavior.HighlightsInsulin receptor substrate mutant, chico1, displayed circadian rhythm phenotype.Pan-neuronal inhibition of insulin receptor signaling shortened circadian cycle.Inhibition of insulin signaling only in clock neurons altered circadian cycle.Dilp5 is a major insulin receptor ligand for circadian effects.
Prostate cancer androgen receptor activity dictates efficacy of Bipolar Androgen Therapy
Authors: Sena Laura A , Kumar Rajendra , Sanin David E , Thompson Elizabeth A , Rosen D Marc , Dalrymple Susan L , Antony Lizamma , Yang Yuhan , Gomes-Alexandre Carolina , Hicks Jessica L , Jones Tracy , Bowers Kiara A. , Eskra Jillian N , Meyers Jennifer , Gupta Anuj , Skaist Alyza , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Luo Jun , Brennen W Nathaniel , Kachhap Sushant K , Antonarakis Emmanuel S , De Marzo Angelo M , Isaacs John T , Markowski Mark C , Denmeade Samuel R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTestosterone is the canonical growth factor of prostate cancer but can paradoxically suppress its growth when present at supraphysiological levels. We have previously demonstrated that the cyclical administration of supraphysiological androgen (SPA), entitled Bipolar Androgen Therapy (BAT), can result in tumor regression and clinical benefit for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer [1–5]. However, predictors and mechanisms of response and resistance have been ill-defined. Here we show that growth inhibition of prostate cancer models by SPA requires high androgen receptor (AR) abundance and activity and is driven in part by downregulation of MYC. Using matched sequential patient biopsies, we show that high pre-treatment AR activity predicts downregulation of MYC, clinical response, and prolonged progression-free and overall survival for patients on BAT. BAT induced strong downregulation of AR in all patients, which is shown to be a primary mechanism of acquired resistance to SPA. Acquired resistance can be overcome by alternating SPA with the AR inhibitor enzalutamide, which induces adaptive upregulation of AR and re-sensitizes prostate cancer to SPA. This work identifies a predictive biomarker of response to BAT and supports a new treatment paradigm for prostate cancer involving alternating between AR inhibition and activation.
AI-VDT can Help in Detecting Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Otsuka Yujiro , Imashimizu Kota , Hata Kazunori , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study shows that measuring volume doubling time could accelerate the detection of primary lung cancer in chest CT imaging. Thirty tumors were selected from surgical cases of primary lung cancer at a university hospital in Japan, and the CT scan data and radiology reports were extracted retrospectively. The CT scan data were processed by a commercial pulmonary nodule AI and volume doubling time was calculated for each historical study time point. 43% of the 30 tumors had an VDT below 400 days in earlier study than the tumor was reported as a nodule on the radiology report. The average days of earlier detection was 299 days. Interpolation of the detailed mortality reduction data from the NELSON study predicted a 5.6% reduction in 10-year mortality from lung cancer.
Non-inferiority of essential medicines for caries arrest and prevention in a school-based program: Results from the CariedAway pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Barry-Godin Tamarinda , Niederman Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDental caries is the most common global childhood disease. To control caries, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends school-based caries prevention, and the World Health Organization lists glass ionomer cement and silver diamine fluoride as essential dental medicines. The CariedAway trial tested the comparative effectiveness of these essential medicines when used in a school-based dental care program.MethodsThis cluster-randomized non-inferiority pragmatic trial was conducted in children from 2018 to 2022. Subjects were randomized at the school level to receive either silver diamine fluoride (”simple care”) or an active comparator of glass ionomer sealants and atraumatic restorations (”complex care”). All subjects received tooth brushes, fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride varnish. We assessed caries arrest and incidence at two years using mixed-effects multilevel models and two-sample proportion tests with clustering adjustment.Results1398 subjects received treatment and completed follow-up observations after two years. The proportion of subjects with arrested caries in simple and complex groups was 0.56 and 0.46, respectively (difference = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.22, 0.01). Prevention rates for no new caries were 0.81 and 0.82 (difference = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.06).ConclusionsOver a two-year, non-intervention period, simple care was non-inferior to complex care for both caries arrest and prevention. Results support the utilization of silver diamine fluoride as an arresting and preventive agent in school-based oral health programs and questions the periodicity of current caries prevention recommendations.
Mobile Primary Healthcare for post-COVID Patients in Rural Areas: a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Katzer Katrin , Besteher Bianca , Finke Kathrin , Giszas Benjamin , Gremme Yvonne , Hamdan Rami Abou , Lehmann-Pohl Katja , Legen Maximilian , Lewejohann Jan Christoph , Machnik Marlene , Alsabbagh Majd Moshmosh , Nardini Luisa , Puta Christian , Stallmach Zoe , Reuken Philipp A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPost-COVID syndrome is increasingly recognized as a new clinical entity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients living in rural areas may have to travel long with subjectively great effort to be examined using all necessary interdisciplinary tools. This problem could be addressed with mobile outpatient clinics.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we investigated physical fitness, fatigue, depression, cognitive dysfunction and dyspnea in patients with post-COVID syndrome in a mobile interdisciplinary post-COVID outpatient clinic. Upon referral from their primary care physician, patients were offered an appointment at a mobile post-COVID outpatient clinic close to their home.ResultsWe studied 125 patients (female, n=79; 63.2%) in our mobile unit. All patients reported symptoms lasting for more than 12 weeks after acute infection. 88.3% and 64.1% of patients reported significant impairment in physical and mental quality of life. Patients reported a median of three symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (86.4%), cognitive dysfunction (85.6%), and dyspnea (37.6%). 56.0% of patients performed at <2.5thpercentile at the 1 min sit-to-stand test compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls and 25 patients (20.0%) exhibited a drop in oxygen saturation. A questionnaire given to each patient regarding the mobile unit revealed a very high level of patient satisfaction.ConclusionThere is an increasing need for high-quality and locally available care for patients with post-COVID syndrome. A mobile post-COVID outpatient clinic is a new concept that may be particularly suitable for use in rural regions. Patients’ satisfaction following visits in such units is very high.
Using Explainable-AI to Find Geospatial Environmental and Sociodemographic Predictors of Suicide Attempts
Authors: Pavicic Mirko , Walker Angelica M. , Sullivan Kyle A. , Lagergren John , Cliff Ashley , Romero Jonathon , Streich Jared , Garvin Michael R. ,   MVP Suicide Exemplar Workgroup,   the Million Veteran Program, Pestian John , McMahon Benjamin , Oslin David W. , Beckham Jean C. , Kimbrel Nathan A. , Jacobson Daniel A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite a global decrease in suicide rates in recent years, death by suicide has increased in the United States. It is therefore imperative to identify the risk factors associated with suicide attempts in order to combat this growing epidemic. In this study, we use an explainable-artificial intelligence method, iterative Random Forest, to predict suicide attempts using data from the Million Veteran Program. Our predictive model incorporates multiple environmental variables (e.g., elevation, light wavelength absorbance, temperature, humidity, etc) at ZIP code-level geospatial resolution. We additionally consider demographic variables from the American Community Survey as well as the number of firearms and alcohol vendors per 10,000 people in order to assess the contributions of proximal environment, access to means, and restraint decrease to suicide attempts. Our results show that geographic areas with higher concentrations of married males living with spouses are predictive of lower rates of suicide attempts, whereas geographic areas where males are more likely to live alone and to rent housing are predictive of higher rates of suicide attempts. We also identified climatic features that were associated with suicide attempt risk by age group. Additionally, we observed that firearms and alcohol vendors were associated with increased risk for suicide attempts irrespective of the age group examined, but that their effects were small in comparison to the top features. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of social determinants and environmental factors in understanding suicide risk among veterans.
Organizational career management: a review and future prospect
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Cai Zijun , Zhou Wenxia , Zang Ledi 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review the research about organizational career management (OCM) and provide an integrated understanding of OCM research.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors systematically review 85 OCM-related papers published in highly influential journals over the past four decades (1978–2021). This paper reviews the definitions, measurements, antecedents, outcomes, mediators and moderators of OCM.FindingsDiverse definitions of OCM exist, with three key common factors: what should be included in OCM, who is responsible for OCM and the goal of OCM. Scholars use different OCM measures, which might be due to different nations, industries, groups and scale development methods. More than 20 papers demonstrated the positive influences of OCM, providing convincing evidence of the necessity of OCM. About 90% of the current papers we reviewed (27 out of 30 papers) dominantly examined the influence of OCM on individuals’ attitudes or work behavior. The influence of OCM on organizational outcomes was less addressed.Originality/valueFirst, the authors review the existing OCM measurements and distinguish two ways of measuring OCM: OCMP (organizational level, rated by HR managers or HR vice president or CEO, capturing the real practices) and POCM (Perceived OCM, individual level, rated by employees, capturing subjective perception of practices). This distinction reduces the ambiguity in existing measurements. Second, we summarize the empirical findings of OCM, including the antecedents, outcomes, mediators and moderators. These findings uncover the benefits/risks of OCM and the factors that may influence its effectiveness. Third, the review provides several practical implications as the findings can help managers improve their career development programs.