bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Insect Control
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Gibson Roberta L. , Tingey Ward M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF OIL VERSUS WATER AS A CARRIER IN CONTROLLED-DROPLET APPLICATION, 1987: Potato seed pieces were hand-planted 12 inches apart in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 5 Jun at the Cornell Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, N.Y. Each plot consisted of a 33-ft row separated by 2 skipped rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. The carriers were the main plots and the insecticides were the subplots. Carriers were either water or vegetable oil at 2 qt/acre (Landoil—90%). Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted controlled-droplet-applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 5.2 gal/acre at 3500 rpm, 20 psi, and 2.3 mph. Due to the low population of CPB on 8 Jul, 100 field-collected third- and fourth-instar larvae were introduced per plot. Treatments were applied on 9 Jul and 4 Sept. Sampling methods and dates were as follows: (1) Colorado potato beetle (CPB): number of live adults and larvae/10 hills on 8, 12, 27 Jul; and CPB/6 ft on 6 and 13 Sept; (2) aphids: number of alate and apterous buckthorn, potato, and green peach aphids/5 compound leaves (from lower third of plant); and (3) potato leafhopper (PLH): number of adults and nymphs/5 D-vac sampling sites on 14, 22, and 29 Jul and 6 and 16 Sep. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production. Yields were taken on 10 Oct for the entire 33-ft row.
Potato Insect Control
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Tingey Ward M. , Specker Donald R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF CONVENTIONAL VERSUS CONTROLLED-DROPLET APPLICATION, 1986: Potato seed pieces were planted in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 3 Jun at the Cornell Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, N.Y. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft-long row separated by 2 skipped rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer with 4 hollow-cone nozzles delivering 100 gal/acre at 130 psi and with a tractor-mounted controlled-droplet-applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 5.3 gal/acre at 3500 rpm and 20 psi. Treatments were applied on 4 Jul and 4 Aug. Sampling methods and dates were (1) Colorado potato beetle (CPB): number of live beetles/10 hills on 3, 5, and 7 Jul; number of live larvae/10 mainstems on 11, 18, and 25 Jul; (2) aphids: number/5 compound leaves (from lower third of plant) on 1, 5, 11, and 18 Aug; and (3) potato leafhopper (PLH): number/5 D-vac sampling sites on 1, 5, 11, and 18 Aug. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production.
Wireworm Control on Potato, 1987
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. , Tyson R. , Daigle C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified 'La Rouge' seed pieces were planted on 10 Dec in a Perrine marl soil and spaced 4 inches apart in rows that were 3 ft apart. Thirteen treatments were arranged into a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment plots were 4 rows by 40 ft long. Plants were fertilized with 800 lb/acre of granular fertilizer (8:20:8) at planting and an additional 1300 lb/acre of liquid fertilizer (4:4:12) during the growing season. Maneb was applied (1.5 lb [AI]/acre) weekly and Benlate 50WP was applied (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) on 2 dates to control foliar plant pathogens. Insecticide treatments were applied on 4 dates. Dyfonate was applied with a 10-ft-long Gandy applicator and incorporated into the soil with a disk harrow on 9 Dec. Thimet was applied directly to the seed pieces in the furrow at planting with a planter-mounted Gandy applicator. Postemergence applications of Vydate and Di-Syston were made on 17 Jan using fumigator knives that delivered 150 gal/acre at 3 mph directly to the root zone 8 inches off center on both sides of each hill. Thimet was applied 8 inches off center to both sides of each hill using a tractor-mounted, chain-driven Gandy applicator and incorporated into the soil with a rolling cultivator after plant emergence on 19 Jan. Vines were killed on 14 Mar with Paraquat Plus (1 qt/acre; 29.1% [AI]/acre). Two 25-ft sections of row per treatment plot were harvested on 7 Apr. Tubers were washed, graded for wireworm injury (holes less than threequarters' inch in depth), damage (holes greater than three-quarters' inch in depth), cracking, sunburn, disease, etc., and weighed fresh. Data for injury damage, sunburn, and cracking are presented as a percentage of total fresh weight/section of row. Before planting, 190 soil samples and 72 baited traps were removed to characterize the wireworm species complex in the field.
Comparing 2 Soil Systemics and 2 Foliars in 10 Regimes for Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Wiersma John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was located at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, Minn. The major objective of the 1987 insecticide trials was to compare at-plant-and-time-of-emergence soil systemic treatments in dryland sites (Crookston, Minn., and Grand Forks, N. Dak.) and irrigated locations (Park Rapids and Brooten, Minn.). Soil systemic treatments were present at each site with various combinations of foliars. CPB are at least 100-fold resistant to Pydrin and 40-fold resistant to Ambush + Pounce at this location. Plots were 4 40-inch rows 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. B-size Norchip seed was planted on 5 May and planting treatments of Temik and Thimet applied over the row. The soil was a clay type, permitting granules to fall into soil openings along the planting ridge. Soil moisture was very good. Emergence treatments were applied on 29 May when potato plants were 2 inches high. Soil was cultivated over the emergence treatment. Wintering CPB adults were present in higher than normal numbers on this date. Foliars were applied on 20 and 28 Jun, 10 and 22 Jul, and 8 Aug according to an experimental plan of 1, 3, and 5 foliars. Foliars applied over the emergence soil systemic were applied 20 Jun and 8 Aug. Adult emergence from an adjacent potato plot threatened to overwhelm these studies in July (note adult defoliation column in table). Thus, we waited for modest second-generation oviposition and then treated the entire study with 0.5 lb (AI)/acre of Penncap-M on 24 Jul. Three applications of fungicide were applied independently of insecticides. Yields were taken from the center 2 plot rows, graded #1 and B-size, weighed, and recorded.
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Comparing Various Foliar Insecticides with Thimet Applied At-Plant and Emergence, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Preston Duane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was located at the Red River Valley Potato Grower research farm in Grand Forks, N. Dak. Plots were 4 40-inch rows 30 ft long replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Cut and treated Monona certified seed was planted on 14 May. The at-plant treatments were applied on 19 May on top of the planting ridge and lightly incorporated. Lay-by was applied on 14 Jun when about 15% of the plants had emerged. Adult CPB were present at this time. Foliars were applied on 21 and 29 Jun, 22 Jul, and 11 Aug. The center 2 rows of each plot were lifted, graded into # 1 and B-sizes, weighed, and recorded.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1987
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiments with fohar and systemic insecticides were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1986. The potato planting dates were 20 May for the systemic insecticide experiment and 18 May for the foliar insecticide experiment. In each experiment the 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.4-m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments was sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes, each row 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy Katahdin seed pieces (75 g each) were planted with a tractor-pulled, assisted-feed planter. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 7 foliar applications of Dithane F-45 (2338 ml/ha the weeks of 6 and 13 Jul; 2806 ml/ha the weeks of 20 and 27 Jul and 3, 10, and 17 Aug). Side-dress applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Measured amounts of insecticide were applied on each seedpiece for the seedpiece treatments. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.95 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using logI0(i + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for June, July, and August was 8.8, 7.6, and 4.4 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.5, 19.0 and 19.1°C.
Spray Combinations of Dipel + P-Exotoxin for Control of Fruit-Damaging Insects on Staked Tomatoes, 1987
Authors: Miller Melissa K. , Harper James D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides used to control tomato fruitworm and tomato pinworm on tomato was conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticultural Station near Cullman in northeast Alabama. 'Flordade' tomatoes were direct-seeded on 28 May. Twelve treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of 1 row by 25 ft (on 60-inch centers) with an untreated buffer row included between each. Treatments were made with a CO2-pressurized, single-boom backpack sprayer fitted with a TX9 hollow-cone nozzle and operated at 40 psi. Materials were applied at a delivery rate of 23.7 gal/acre by spraying each side of the row in a circular motion. Treatments consisting of 3 rates of β-exotoxin alone, 2 rates of Dipel alone, all combinations of each, and an untreated check were made on 12, 18, and 25 Aug and 2 and 10 Sep. They were evaluated 11 Aug (pretreatment) and 1, 9, and 17 Sep. To eliminate fruit damaged before treatment from later evaluations, all fruit in each plot were examined on 17 and 24 Aug, and damaged fruit were picked and discarded. On 1, 9, and 17 Sep, 50 fruit in each plot were counted and rated for damage (no fruit removed). Duncan's multiple range means separation tests were used to compare means.
Leafminer Control on Tomato in Westcentral Florida, Fall 1986
Authors: Zoebisch Tomas G. , Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 2 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 6-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 23 Sep; 1, 8, 14, 21, and 30 Oct; and 4, 10, 18, and 25 Nov with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2- powered sprayer operated at 40 psi and delivering 55-150 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew). All plots were sprayed with Lannate 1.8L at 0.45 lb (AI)/100 gal on 21 Nov for control of armyworms. To control foliar diseases, all plots were sprayed with Dithane M-22 Special at 1.5 lb(AI)/acre on 7, 14, 21, and 28 Oct; tribasic copper sulfate at 4 lb (AI)/acre on 28 Oct and 21 Nov; and Bravo at 2.5 pt/acre on 7, 10, 21, and 26 Nov. On 10 Nov, the numbers of large (longer than 0.5 inch) and small (0.5 inch or shorter) leafminers were counted during a 2-minute search per plot.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Insecticide Efficacy Trials, Kansas, 1987
Authors: Pliggins Randall A. , Rice Marlin E. , Blodgett Sue L. , Evans Brian R. , Vap Sandra D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty-six plots measuring 6.1 × 9.1 m were established in an alfalfa field 5 km south of Manhattan. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were made 17 Apr using a COa-pressured backpack sprayer equipped with 70-degree hollow-cone nozzles, which delivered 187 liter/ha. Alfalfa had reached 16 cm high when a late frost killed all projecting top growth. At the time of treatment the alfalfa had regrown to 13 cm; wind conditions were calm. Ten stems, along with associated alfalfa weevil larvae and pea aphids, were collected from undisturbed areas within each plot on each sample date. Samples from each plot were individually bagged and returned to the lab for examination. Sweep nets were not used to collect samples because scattered dead stems from the previous season’s alfalfa projected above the live canopy and would have hindered sampling. Pretreatment counts were taken and then repeated at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, and 21 days posttreatment. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (PC-SAS, SAS Institute 1986) with mean separation accomplished using a protected LSD procedure.
Prebloom Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa Seed, 1987
Authors: Tanigoshi Lynell K. , Babcock Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental trials were conducted in plots measuring 0.01 acre on a 3-yr-old ‘Hiphy’ alfalfa seed stand near Touchet, Walla Walla County, Wash. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft spray boom calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. Four 8003 flatfan nozzles at 19-inch spacings were used on the boom. Treatments were applied on 23 Apr, and population estimates were determined 7 and 14 days posttreatment with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net.
Mid-Season Control of PEA Aphid on Alfalfa Seed, 1987
Authors: Tanigoshi Lynell K. , Babcock Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in a 3-yr-old stand of ‘Shenandoah’ alfalfa in Touchet, Walla Walla County, Wash. Plots of 0.01 acre were replicated 5 times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied on 24 Jun with a COa-powered sprayer calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi, using 4 8003 flat-fan nozzles at 19-inch spacings on a 4-ft boom. Samples were obtained at pretreatment and 1 and 8 Jul posttreatment with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net by taking 5 180-degree sweeps/plot. Counts for both species of lady beetles are pooled collectively as LB.
Barley Thrips Control—Trial 3, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Holen Carlyle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in a late-planted commercial field near Fosston, Minn. Plots were 15 × 30 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 3 times. Applications were broadcast with a hand-held C02 sprayer using 40 psi pressure in a final volume of 20 gal/acre. The stage of barley at application time (12 Jul) was mid-boot. Forty-eight-hour and 15-day posttreatment counts of nymphs plus adults were taken on 20 stems/plot. Yields were taken from 1 sq. yard/plot, and 3 sq. yard subsamples were taken from the untreated main field. For analysis, the latter were treated as randomized. Yield samples were dried and then adjusted to a standard moisture prior to comparing means.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Nyegaard Curtis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in the untreated corner of an 80-acre commercial field 5 mi west of Hallo.-k Minn. The plot area did not include the headland and was located about 100 ft from the field edge. The soil was a clay type, quite short of moisture a planting (1 May) but very uniform for such a large trial. Individual plots were 25 × 50 ft, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete bled design. Granular insecticides were applied on 4 May using a shoulder supported grass seed spreader. Light incorporation followed. Foliars were applied oi 29 May following a 0.75-inch rainfall on 20 May, the first rainfall on this field. From 4 to 28% germination was present on 20 May but germination at folia application was a more uniform 80%. Foliars were applied with a hand-held C02 sprayer using 40 psi pressure and delivering 8 gal/acre. Damage rating and stand were recorded on each visit. Wild oat was abundant early and appeared extremely competitive with the Canola. The proportion of each plo infested by wild oat was estimated and found to be random. Adult flea beetles (FB) had disappeared by mid-June. Yields were collected by windrowing ai 18-ft swath through the center of the long axis of the plots. Following field drying, a plot combine was used to thresh a 10-ft section of the windrow fron each plot center. Yields were adjusted to a standard moisture and compared.
Control of Fall Armyworm in Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1987
Authors: All J. N. , Guillebeau L. P. , Lo C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field experiment was conducted to screen insecticides for control of leaf-feeding damage to sweet corn seedlings by the fall armyworm. Sweet corn was planted 11 Aug in an Appling loamy coarse sand. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 2-row plots, 20 ft long and 38 inches wide, with 5-ft alleys, replicated 5 times. Full-cone sprays were applied at 30 psi, directed over the whorl in a final volume of 25 gal/acre. Sprays were initiated when plants were in the 4th leaf stage at a time when 50% showed leaf feeding symptoms of 1st instar larvae. Plants were sprayed on 2, 9, and 16 Sep. On 9 and 28 Sep, all plants in each plot were rated for fall armyworm damage using the following 0-7 damage index: 0, no damage; 1, slight leaf feeding, but no indication of bud damage; 2, moderate leaf feeding, but no bud damage; 3, heavy leaf feeding and no bud damage; 4, slight to moderate feeding and slight bud damage; 5, moderate to heavy leaf feeding damage and moderate to heavy bud damage; 6, heavy leaf feeding and severe bud damage; and 7, plant virtually destroyed.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Second-Generation European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1987
Authors: Calvin Dennis , Yocum John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four nsecticide treatments were evaluated at the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory near Landisville, Pa., for efficacy on the second generation of ECB. Corn plots were planted on 26 May at 24,000 plants/acre. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 5 treatments was used. Corn plots were 1 rows (30-inch spacing) by 50 ft. Chemical treatments were timed by sampling egg masses to determine the period of peak egg laying. Treatments were applied on 4 Aug, approximately 1 wk after peak egg deposition. Granular applications were applied in a 7-inch band over the row using Gandy® applicators mounted on a high-clearance sprayer. Plots were evaluated on 24 Sept by dissecting 20 consecutive plants/plot (from one of the center rows) and counting .he number of surviving ECB larvae/plant. Plot yields were estimated by harvesting and weighing ears from 20 consecutive plants (from the remaining center row).
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in South Dakota, 1987
Authors: Hein G. L. , Gray M. E. , Boetel M. A. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time soil insecticide test plots were located at 4 locations. The insecticide histories of these locations are as follows: Brookings, insecticide test plots (1985), no other insecticide history; Pierre, Dyfonate (1984, 1986), no insecticide (1985, 1983); Hurley, Counter (1985-1986), Lorsban (1983-1984); Garretson, Counter (1985-1986), Furadan (1984, 1982), and Dyfonate (1983). The experimental design for all studies was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 15 m long. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. The metering units were ground driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. The granules were applied in a 18-cm band in front of the furrow-closing wheels and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Mocap was applied behind the furrow-closing wheels in an 18-cm band and incorporated with drag chains. In-furrow applications were directed immediately between the double disk seed furrow openers. Seed treatments were planted with the planter by switching separate seed boxes containing the treated seed to the appropriate rows. Cultivation treatments were applied with a specially adapted cultivator equipped with Noble metering units driven by 12 V electric motors. Five roots/replicate were dug from each treatment (20-29 Jul). Roots were washed and rated for rootworm feeding damage using the Iowa 1-6 rating system.
Apple, Dilute Test of Acaricides, 1987
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single trees in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of'Golden Delicious' and 2 replicates of'Red Delicious,' both spur types planted to a spacing of 6.1 × 10.7 m. Experimental sprays were applied to run-off with a handgun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gal/min pump. Approximately 5.0 gal of spray was applied per replicate tree. Spray dates were as follows: 9 Apr (ECO-3187 treatments), 22 Apr (Morestan and all ABG treatments), 11 May (ABG-6162, 1081 ml/100 gal), 5 Jun (all treatments but Morestan and ABG), 16 Jun (all treatments but ECO-3187), 19 Jun (ECO-3187 treatments only), 30 Jun (all treatments but ECO-3187), 13 Jul (all treatments but ECO- 3187 and Kelthane), and 23 Jul (all treatments but ECO-3187). Morestan was applied only on 22 Apr, Savey substituted thereafter. On 13 Jul, the rate of Savey was increased from 20.3 to 42.7 g/100 gal. On 23 Jul, Savey (42.7 g/100 gal) was added to the first two ABG-6162 treatments and Kelthane 4F (406 ml/100 gal was added to the last two ABG-6162 treatments. General sprays of fungicides (Benlate, Polyram, Manzate, Bayleton, Dithane M-45), insecticides (Lorsban, Phosphamidon, Guthion, Sevin, Pydrin), and calcium chloride were made at 1- to 2-wk intervals throughout the experiment with a Friend Airmaster sprayer at 50 gal/acre. Effectiveness of the materials on the mites was evaluated by making several counts on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/ treatment. Mite population pressure was heavy throughout the summer. Russet ratings are based on 30 'Golden Delicious' apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), and 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Western Corn Rootworm and European Corn Borer Control, 1986
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at 2 sites in Clay County, Neb. The Experiment 1 site has been in corn since 1972; the Experiment 2 site was a trap crop of mixed-maturity corn and pumpkins in 1985. Each experiment was a split-plot design, with insecticide as the main plot and subplots (1 row) were method of application. There were 4 replications in each experiment. Rows were spaced by 30 inches and were 37 ft long. Application was made by applying granules from a V-belt seeder into the granule delivery tube mounted on the planter. Granules were directed just in front of the press wheel through a 7-inch bander. Foliar applications were made by applying granules over the plants from a V-belt seeder mounted on a cultivator. Corn rootworm damage was measured by digging 5 plants/plot (20 total) 14—18 Jul (early tassel stage), washing the soil from the roots, and rating each root on a 1-6 (Iowa) scale. The same plants were dissected and the percentage of plants infested and number of cavities caused by European corn borers were recorded.