bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplication and nonregistration of COVID‐19 systematic reviews: Bibliometric review
Authors: Helliwell Jack A. , Thompson Joe , Smart Neil , Jayne David G. , Chapman Stephen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the conduct of systematic reviews during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including compliance to protocol registration and duplication of reviews on similar topics. The methodological and reporting quality were also explored.MethodsA cross‐sectional, bibliometric study was undertaken of all systematic review manuscripts on a COVID‐19 intervention published between January 1st and June 30th, 2020. Protocol registration on a publicly accessible database was recorded. Duplication was determined by systematically recording the number of reviews published on each topic of analysis. Methodological quality and reporting quality were assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 and PRISMA 2009 instruments, respectively.ResultsThirty‐one eligible systematic reviews were identified during the inclusion period. The protocol of only four (12.9%) studies was registered on a publicly accessible database. Duplication was frequent, with 15 (48.4%) of the 31 included studies focusing on either hydroxychloroquine (and/or chloroquine) or corticosteroids. Only one study (3.2%) was of “high” methodological quality, four (12.9%) were “low” quality, and the remainder (n = 26, 83.9%) were of “critically low” quality. The median completeness of reporting was 20 out of 27 items (74.1%) with a range of 5–26 (interquartile range: 14–23).ConclusionSystematic reviews during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic were uncommonly registered, frequently duplicated, and mostly of low methodological quality. In contrast, the reporting quality of manuscripts was generally good but varied substantially across published reports. There is a need for heightened stewardship of systematic review research, particularly during times of medical crisis where the generation of primary evidence may be rapid and unstable.
Removal of acetic acid from aqueous post‐fermentation streams and fermented beverages using membrane contactors
Authors: Kaya Ezgi , Hasanoğlu Ayça 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe removal of volatile organic acids from aqueous post‐fermentation wastewater streams and spoiled fermented liquid food was investigated using hollow‐fiber membrane contactors. Acetic acid, being the most common volatile acid in post‐fermentation products, was used to prepare acidic feed solutions. 1200–4000 ppm of aqueous acetic acid solutions with and without ethanol were prepared to assess the acid removal. Aqueous acetic acid solutions were used as model wastewater, while ethanol was included in the feed solutions to simulate the fermented beverages. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out using real spoiled wine to remove the excess acid. The feed solution was circulated through the shell side of the membrane contactor, while a reactive stripping solution of NaOH was circulated on the lumen side. Thus the acetic acid was transferred to the stripping solution by chemical absorption.RESULTSThe effect of several process parameters including feed and stripping solution concentrations, temperature and solution flow rates on acid removal rate was investigated. Temperature had the most important effect on mass transfer. Experiments showed that acetic acid can be removed from aqueous solutions and recovered in the stripping phase efficiently. Up to 86% of the acetic acid could be removed from the feed solution.CONCLUSIONThis process is found to be effective for volatile organic acid removal from both industrial aqueous post‐fermentation waste streams and spoiled fermented liquid food. The theoretical model developed for the acetic acid transfer allows a flexible and predictable design of the system for further scale‐up studies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Vertical structures of abrupt heavy rainfall events over southwest China with complex topography detected by dual‐frequency precipitation radar of global precipitation measurement satellite
Authors: Zhou Lingli , Xu Guirong , Xiao Yanjiao , Wan Rong , Wang Jixin , Leng Liang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSouthwest China is with complex topography including basins, mountains, hills and plains, where abrupt heavy rainfall events (AHREs) occur frequently and are difficult to quantitatively estimate due to limited ground‐based observations. Using the data of ground rain gauges and GPM dual‐frequency precipitation radar during April to September in 2014–2020, this study investigates vertical structures of AHREs over southwest China. Both mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) and reflectivity (Ze) of AHREs increase rapidly in ice‐phase process but slowly in liquid‐phase process. For convective rainfall of AHREs, abundant water vapour and strong atmospheric convective motion cause higher Dm and Ze but lower generalized intercept parameter (dBNw) than those for stratiform rainfall. Moreover, ice‐phase process is active while liquid‐phase process is weak in the mountains, but the situation is opposite in the plains, which results in large‐size and low‐concentration raindrops in the mountains while small‐size and high‐concentration raindrops in the plains. Furthermore, statistical models of vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) indicate that VPR patterns are affected by surface rain intensity and present different trends around the 0°C level between stratiform and convective rainfalls. In addition, higher rain top height in the mountains is conducive to ice‐phase process while lower terrain height in the plains is favourable for liquid‐phase process. Therefore, the VPR pattern depends on rain type, terrain and rainfall intensity, and its fine model is beneficial for understanding microphysical process of AHREs and improving quantitative precipitation estimation by ground‐based radars.
Spatiotemporal variation in precipitation concentration and its potential relationship with drought under different scenarios in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Du Walian , Guo Enliang , Wang Aoyang , Tong Zhijun , Liu Xingpeng , Zhang Jiquan , Guna Ari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal warming has altered the uniformity of precipitation in Inner Mongolia, China, eventually leading to droughts. Further studies are necessary to determine the relationship between the concentration of precipitation and drought. Therefore, we assessed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), precipitation concentration period (PCP), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in Inner Mongolia in the past (1961–2017) and predict changes in the three indices under different scenarios in the future (2018–2100) using measured model data and Sen's slope and Mann–Kendall trend analysis. The correlation between PCD/PCP and SPEI was explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the spatial distribution of PCD and PCP in Inner Mongolia exhibited significant east–west differences. The PCD values were 0.42–0.76, with high‐value areas in the east. PCD showed a decreasing trend in both historical and future scenarios, indicating an even distribution of precipitation and an increased risk of drought. The PCP values were 190°–226°, with high‐value areas mainly in the western region. Except for in the Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, PCP values in the historical and RCP2.6 scenarios showed a decreasing trend, indicating an earlier onset of maximum precipitation. SPEI values ranged between −1.23 and 1.17, with all future scenarios showing a decreasing trend and the historical scenario showing an increasing trend. The stations with positive correlation between SPEI and PCD accounted for 89.13, 67.39, 91.3, and 95.65% of Inner Mongolia, while those with positive correlation with PCP accounted for 43.47, 60.87, 56.52, and 4.35%, indicating that the correlation between drought variation and precipitation concentration is strong. These results can help reduce and prevent droughts and floods caused by changes in precipitation patterns and provide a basis for the rational use of water resources for preventing droughts and making relief decisions.
Dynamic simulation of debris flow waste‐shoal land use based on an integrated system dynamics–geographic information systems model
Authors: He Songtang , Wang Daojie , Zhao Peng , Chen Wenle , Li Yong , Chen Xiaoqing , Jamali Ali Akbar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiven the increased conflict between human development and land use in fragile mountainous areas, debris flow waste‐shoal land (DFWSL) use has shown beneficial effects and drawn public concern in recent years. However, temporal–spatial future change trends of DFWSL are not yet clear, meanwhile widely applied singular methods, including the system dynamics (SD) model and geographic information systems (GIS), are unsatisfactory. To better assess the sustainability and challenges of DFWSL use and provide reference for future development, we propose a hybrid SD–GIS model for characterizing complex relationships and performing dynamic simulations and spatial spreading. A causality flowchart was plotted and response equation defining the changes was established to predict macro land‐use demands in the SD model component. Additionally, the spatial distribution of land‐use types was determined using the GIS model component. The Awang DFWSL system in the Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using the coupled method. The results revealed a steadily declining trend in cultivated land and water areas accompanied by a substantial increase in construction land. Future projections indicate that from 2018 to 2025, the total area of cultivated land will decrease by nearly half compared with that in 2018 and decrease to one‐quarter of the level in 2018 by 2030. These predictions consider the reciprocal influences of social, economic, and ecological indicators, and risk factors, such as debris flow scale and frequency. This study provides a new approach for estimating future trends of DFWSL use and increases the awareness of the spatiotemporal changes encountered when using marginal land.
A Gaussian process regression‐based surrogate model of the varying workpiece dynamics for chatter prediction in milling of thin‐walled structures
Authors: Yang Yun , Yang Yang , Xiao Manyu , Wan Min , Zhang Weihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the dynamics of thin‐walled structures instantaneously varies during the milling process, accurate and efficient prediction of the in‐process workpiece (IPW) dynamics is critical for the prediction of chatter stability of milling of thin‐walled structures. This article presents a surrogate model of the IPW dynamics of thin‐walled structures by combining Gaussian process regression (GPR) with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) when IPW dynamics at a large number of cutting positions has to be predicted. The GPR method is used to learn the mapping between a set of the known IPW dynamics and the corresponding cutting positions. POD is used to reduce the order of the matrix assembled by the mode shape vectors at different cutting positions, before the GPR model of the IPW mode shape is established. The computation time of the proposed model is mainly composed of the time taken for predicting a known set of IPW dynamics and the time taken for training GPR models. Simulation shows that the proposed model requires less computation time. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed model is comparable to that of the existing methods. Comparison between the predicted stability lobe diagram and the experimental results shows that IPW dynamics predicted by the proposed model is accurate enough for predicting the stability of milling of thin‐walled structures.
Safety and efficacy of voxelotor in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease aged 4 to 11 years
Authors: Estepp Jeremie H. , Kalpatthi Ram , Woods Gerald , Trompeter Sara , Liem Robert I. , Sims Kacie , Inati Adlette , Inusa Baba P. D. , Campbell Andrew , Piccone Connie , Abboud Miguel R. , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Dixon Sandra , Tonda Margaret , Washington Carla , Griffin Noelle M. , Brown Clark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a devastating, multisystemic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The earliest clinical manifestations of SCD can affect infants as young as 6 months of age, and pediatric patients are at risk for acute and life‐threatening complications. Early intervention with treatments that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of SCD, sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization, are expected to slow disease progression and circumvent disease‐associated morbidity and mortality.ProcedureThe HOPE‐KIDS 1 trial (NCT02850406) is an ongoing four‐part, phase 2a, open‐label, single‐ and multiple‐dose study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of voxelotor—a first‐in‐class HbS polymerization inhibitor—in patients aged 6 months to 17 years with SCD. Initial findings from a cohort of 45 patients aged 4 to 11 years who received voxelotor treatment for up to 48 weeks are reported.ResultsHemoglobin (Hb) response, defined as a >1.0 g/dl increase from baseline, was achieved at week 24 by 47% (n = 16/34) of patients with Hb measurements at baseline and week 24. At week 24, 35% (n = 12/34) and 21% (n = 7/34) of patients had a >1.5 g/dl increase and a >2.0 g/dl increase from baseline in Hb concentration, respectively. Concurrent improvements in hemolytic markers were observed. Voxelotor was well tolerated in this young cohort, with no newly emerging safety signals.ConclusionsBased on its mechanism as an HbS polymerization inhibitor, voxelotor improves Hb levels and markers of hemolysis and has the potential to mitigate SCD‐related complications; these results support its use in patients aged ≥4 years.
Hypoalbuminemia and not undernutrition predicts high‐dose methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in resource‐constrained centers
Authors: Khera Sanjeev , Sharma Gaurav , Negi Vandana , Shaw Subhash Chandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe standard practice to mitigate high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX)–induced nephrotoxicity (HMN) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is to monitor levels until serum MTX falls below a predefined threshold. It is not feasible in most resource‐constrained centers. Literature on the various factors affecting HMN in these centers is limited, retrospective, and heterogeneous. Though hypoalbuminemia has been postulated as a risk factor for HMN, the relationship of undernutrition with HMN has not been studied.ProcedureThis prospective observational study consecutively enrolled children < 12 years old with ALL receiving HD‐MTX. Children with preexisting renal disease and exposed to nephrotoxic drugs two weeks preceding HD‐MTX infusion were excluded. HD‐MTX was administered over 24 hours (BFM‐2009 protocol) with 12 hours of prehydration. Solitary MTX levels at 36 hours (MTX36) were outsourced, and 6‐8 doses of leucovorin were given six‐hourly. Hydration was continued till last dose of leucovorin. Various factors affecting HMN (rise in creatinine to 1.5 times baseline) were recorded: age, sex, type of ALL, risk group of ALL, first dose of MTX, dose of MTX, undernourishment, serum protein, and albumin along with C‐reactive protein and MTX36 levels.ResultsForty‐four children who received 150 HD‐MTX cycles were analyzed. HMN was seen in 14% of cycles. On univariate analysis, undernourishment, MTX36 levels, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia were significantly associated with HMN. On multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia and MTX36 levels significantly predicted the development of HMN with odds ratios of 4.71 and 1.45.ConclusionHypoalbuminemia and solitary serum MTX levels predict HMN in centers where serial MTX level monitoring is not feasible.
Registration of ‘MSB‐264’ and ‘MSB‐285’ bermudagrasses
Authors: Dong Hongxu , Philley H. Wayne , Harris‐Shultz Karen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract‘MSB‐264’ (Reg. no. CV‐47, PI 699313) and ‘MSB‐285’ (Reg. no. CV‐48, PI 699314) are fine‐textured, high‐quality interspecific bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis) developed at Mississippi State University. These two grasses were released on 25 Aug. 2021 from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Compared with Tifgreen‐derived bermudagrass cultivars, MSB‐264 and MSB‐285 were bred from a much different genetic background. Through the 2013 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program warm‐season putting green test, data were collected for 4 yr across 11 locations in the United States. Compared with the commercial cultivars (‘Sunday’, ‘TifEagle’, ‘Tifdwarf’, and ‘Mini‐Verde’) and other experimental lines, both MSB‐264 and MSB‐285 exhibited superior turf quality, leaf texture, density, genetic color, fall and winter color retention, spring green‐up speed, and percent ground living cover. MSB‐264 and MSB‐285 also have a more upright leaf orientation than traditional bermudagrass putting green cultivars. Although MSB‐264 and MSB‐285 had higher seedhead production compared with the commercial cultivars and other experimental lines, regular mowing could effectively remove seedheads. MSB‐264 and MSB‐285 have demonstrated positive performance data and are the first hybrid bermudagrass cultivars used for golf greens that are not related to Tifgreen.
Protecting our environment, a motivating outdoor game for proteomics!
Authors: Armengaud Jean 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe global Earth ecosystem faces many intertwined threats, primarily anthropogenic pollution, drastic reduction of wild spaces, faster spread of pathogens, and global climate warming. Ecotoxicology, the integration of toxicology and ecology, aims to describe the effects of toxicants on organisms, whether at the level of the population, the community, the ecosystem, or the biosphere. Sentinel species are employed to assess threats to life, giving advance warning of danger. In this issue of Proteomics, Wilde and collaborators (Proteomics 2022, 22, https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.202100289) present a comprehensive coverage of the proteome of the crustacean Daphnia magna, a species used to evaluate aquatic pollution. This study illustrates how current shotgun proteomics technology allows straightforward quantitation of any protein for whole animals or dissected organs, making global molecular phenotyping a reality for animals. Tandem mass spectrometry operated in data‐independent acquisition can be used to compare the response of sentinels to various environmental conditions. The current low number of well‐annotated animal or plant genomes, the high diversity of genetic backgrounds of each species, and the paucity of knowledge about protein functions for most of the relevant sentinels pose huge challenges for data interpretation. As a result, ecology and ecotoxicology today constitute an exceptional field for proteomics.
Innovation in insecticide discovery: Approaches to the discovery of new classes of insecticides
Authors: Sparks Thomas C , Bryant Robert J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe continuing demand for agrochemical insecticides that can meet increasing grower, environmental, consumer and regulatory requirements creates the need for the development of new solutions for managing crop pest insects. The development of resistance to the currently available insecticidal products adds another critical driver for new insecticidal active ingredients (AIs). One avenue to meeting these challenges is the creation of new classes of insecticidal molecules to act as starting points and prototypes stimulating further spectrum, efficacy and environmental impact refinements. A new class of insecticides is foreshadowed by the first molecule exemplifying that class (first‐in‐class, FIC) and offers one measure of innovation within the agrochemical industry. Most insecticides owe their discovery to competitor‐inspired (i.e. competitor patents/products) or next‐generation (follow‐on to a company's pre‐existing product) strategies. In contrast, FIC insecticides primarily emerge from a bioactive hypothesis approach, with the largest segment resulting from the exploration of new areas of chemistry/heterocycles and underexploited motifs. Natural products also play an important role in the discovery of FIC insecticides. Understanding the origins of these FIC compounds and the approaches used in their discovery can provide insights into successful strategies for future FIC insecticides. This review analyses information on historic and recently introduced FIC insecticides. Its main objective has been to identify the most successful discovery strategies for identifying new agrochemical solutions to meet the challenge of minimizing crop losses resulting from insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Iodinated Diketopiperazines: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Iodinated Analogues of Cyclo(L‐Tyrosine‐L‐Tyrosine) Peptides
Authors: Purushotham Manasa , Paul Bishwajit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe developed a simple strategy to diiodinated tyrosine (Tyr) amino acid at the 3‐ and 5‐ positions from the commercially available Fmoc/Boc‐L‐Tyrosine monomer. The iodinated tyrosine monomer have been further adopted to generate a variety of iodinated Fmoc tyrosine dimers. Upon Fmoc elimination, we obtained diketopiperazine (DKP) analogues of Cyclo(L‐Tyr‐L‐Tyr) with varied number of iodine atoms. We also report the biological studies of these iodinated DKP analogues in three different cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that the number of iodine atoms in the Cyclo(L‐Tyr‐L‐Tyr) DKP analogues, and the presence of electron‐rich phenolic group are essential structural parameters to have pronounced cytotoxic activity in three different cancer cell lines.
2D Materials and Primary Human Dendritic Cells: A Comparative Cytotoxicity Study
Authors: Lin Hazel , Peng Shiyuan , Guo Shi , Ma Baojin , Lucherelli Matteo Andrea , Royer Cathy , Ippolito Stefano , Samorì Paolo , Bianco Alberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman health can be affected by materials indirectly through exposure to the environment or directly through close contact and uptake. With the ever‐growing use of 2D materials in many applications such as electronics, medical therapeutics, molecular sensing, and energy storage, it has become more pertinent to investigate their impact on the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly important, considering their role as the main link between the innate and the adaptive immune system. By using primary human DCs, it is shown that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulphide have minimal effects on viability. In particular, it is evidenced that hBN and GO increase DC maturation, while GO leads to the release of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. hBN and MoS2 increase T cell proliferation with and without the presence of DCs. hBN in particular does not show any sign of downstream T cell polarization. The study allows ranking of the three materials in terms of inherent toxicity, providing the following trend: GO > hBN ≈ MoS2, with GO the most cytotoxic.