bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of brown adipose tissue with intermolecular double‐quantum coherence magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 T
Authors: Lin Liangjie , Zhang Qinhe , Wang Nan , Jiang Ke , Lin Yanqin , Chen Zhong , Song Qingwei , Liu Ailian , Wang Jiazheng 
Published: January 2022

In the current study, we propose a single‐voxel (SV) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pulse sequence, based on intermolecular double‐quantum coherence (iDQC), for in vivo specific assessment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at 3 T. The multilocular adipocyte, present in BAT, typically contains a large number of small lipid droplets surrounded by abundant intracellular water, while the monolocular adipocyte, present in white adipose tissue (WAT), accommodates only a single large lipid droplet with much less water content. The SV‐iDQC sequence probes the spatial correlation between water and fat spins at a distance of about the size of an adipocyte, thus can be used for assessment of BAT, even when mixed with WAT and/or muscle tissues. This sequence for measurement of water‐to‐fat (water‐fat) iDQC signals was tested on phantoms and mouse BAT and WAT tissues. It was then used to differentiate adipose tissues in the supraclavicular and subcutaneous regions of healthy youth human volunteers (n = 6). Phantom results with water‐fat emulsions demonstrated enhanced water‐fat iDQC signal with increased voxel size, increased energy level of emulsification, or increased distribution balance of water and fat spins. The animal tissue experiments resulted in obvious water‐fat iDQC signal in mouse BAT, while this signal was almost absent in the WAT spectrum. The optimal choice of the dipolar coupling distance for the observation was approximately 100 μm, as tested on both emulsion phantom and animal tissue. The water‐fat iDQC signals observed in the supraclavicular adipose tissues were higher than in the subcutaneous adipose tissues in healthy young volunteers (0.43 ± 0.36 vs. 0.10 ± 0.06, p = 0.06). It was concluded that the iDQC‐based sequence has potential for assessment of mouse and human BAT at 3 T, which is of interest for clinical research and the diagnosis of obesity and associated diseases.
Nonlinear multiobjective and dynamic real‐time predictive optimization for optimal operation of baseload power plants under variable renewable energy
Authors: Kim Rebecca , Lima Fernando V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsidering the increase of disruptive variable renewable energy penetration into the power grid, this article focuses on the investigation of a multiobjective and dynamic real‐time optimization framework to address the cycling of large‐scale power plants under renewable penetration. In this framework, a parallelized particle swarm optimization step is first performed to generate feasible initial points. Then, a multiobjective and dynamic real‐time optimization formulation generates optimal trajectories. The benefit of predictive capability is investigated for the dynamic component, which introduces the novel nonlinear multiobjective and dynamic real‐time predictive optimization approach. Two multiobjective formulations to obtain Pareto front optimal in real time are explored: the modified Tchebycheff‐based weighted metric and ‐constraint methods. Economic and environmental objectives are considered in this study. A novel topical discussion on the intersection of dynamic real‐time optimization with model predictive control is also presented. The developed framework is successfully applied to a baseload coal‐fired power plant with postcombustion CO2 capture. Results indicate that the approach can be deployed for a large‐scale system if automatic differentiation, model reduction, and parallelization are adopted to improve computational tractability, with computational improvement up to 120‐folds after performing these steps. Finally, market and carbon policies showed an impact on the optimal compromise between the objectives with an additional 63 ton of CO2 captured under favorable market conditions.
Psychosocial functioning of caregivers of pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Bates Carolyn R. , Fairclough Diane , Noll Robert B. , Barrera Maru E. , Kupst Mary Jo , Egan Anna M. , Gartstein Maria A. , Ach Emily L. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of caregiver needs is a recommended standard of care in pediatric oncology. Caregivers of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are a subgroup that may be at highest psychosocial risk. This study examined psychosocial functioning of caregivers of PBTS in comparison to caregivers of youth without cancer history. We hypothesized that caregivers of PBTS would exhibit more psychological symptoms, higher caregiver burden, and lower perceptions of social support than caregivers of comparison youth.ProcedureAs part of a five‐site study, we utilized a matched sample design to evaluate psychosocial functioning of 301 caregivers of 189 PBTS (ages 8–15) who were 1–5 years post treatment, and 286 caregivers of 187 comparison youth matched for sex, race, and age. Caregivers completed measures of psychological symptoms, caregiver burden, and perceptions of social support. Repeated measures mixed models compared outcomes between groups and examined differences based on caregiver sex. Socioeconomic status (SES) was examined as a moderator of significant main effects.ResultsCaregivers of PBTS reported similar levels of psychological symptoms to caregivers of comparison youth. Mothers of PBTS mothers reported higher caregiver burden and lower perceptions of social support than mothers of comparison youth. Low SES exacerbated group differences in caregiver burden.ConclusionsMothers of PBTS may have more caregiving responsibilities and perceive less social support, but reported similar levels of psychological symptoms to comparison mothers; fathers of PBTS were similar to comparison fathers. The mechanisms involved in this complex psychosocial dynamic require further investigation.
Investigating the hydrolytic degradation of PLA/PCL/ZnO nanocomposites by using viscoelastic models
Authors: Dadashi Parsa , Babaei Amir , Abdolrasouli Mehdi Haji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this research, the degradation of a polymer blend in the presence of nanoparticles by considering the effect of nanoparticles on the degradation was investigated using emulsion models and fractional Zener model for the first time. Poly(lactic acid)/poly(caprolactone)/zinc oxide nanocomposite blends were prepared using the melt mixing method. Interface complex shear modulus for the neat polymer blend and its nanocomposites were calculated using emulsion models in a range of frequencies. All competing factors imposing elasticity on the systems, including the solid‐like behavior and degradation catalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of polyesters, were considered. After comparing the interface complex shear modulus of samples, it was revealed that the negative elastic impact of ZnO (degradation role) governs the viscoelastic behavior of these systems. Accordingly, the samples containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibited low elasticity, which was attributed to overcoming the degradation role of ZnO compared with the hydrodynamic interaction of ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the results obtained from the fractional Zener model were in good harmony with the emulsion model analysis.
Temperature‐responsive smart surfaces via rise‐and‐descent transition: Attachability, durability, and fast sweating
Authors: Cho Yunho , Lee Jonghwi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmart surfaces containing thermo‐responsive hydrogels have been investigated for several decades, but the development of mechanically durable and versatile surfaces that can undergo distinct property changes remains a challenging task. Herein, we prepare smart surfaces showing reversible changes in micro‐scale roughness, which are attachable to various polymeric substrates. The hydrogel microphase located between silicone phases responsively rise and descend (volcanic‐terrain‐mimetic transition); as a result, the surface properties reversibly swing from those of the hydrophobic silicone‐like ones to those of the wet hydrogel ones. The durability of these surfaces resembles that of silicone, while their fast water release characteristics allow the utilization of the studied materials in self‐aligning and artificial sweating applications. The release of the drug molecules loaded into the hydrogel phase is controlled by varying the temperature and composite structure. Thus, the fabricated versatile surfaces utilizing the volume transition of thermo‐responsive hydrogels can meet the requirements of various future applications.
Injectable and self‐healing hydrogels with tissue adhesiveness and antibacterial activity as wound dressings for infected wound healing
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Lin Peiling , Song Xiaofan , Chen Kun , Yang Yuxuan , Xu Yongliang , Zhang Qiang , Wu Youshen , Zhang Yanfeng , Cheng Yilong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe design of wound dressings with excellent self‐healing ability, adequate adhesion, good biocompatibility, and potential antibacterial ability is of great significance for the healing of infected wounds arising from human activities. Herein, a series of multi‐functional hydrogel dressings, poly(ionized isocyanoethyl methacrylate‐glutamine)/poly(hexamethylene guanidine) (iGx/PHMGy) hydrogels, were obtained through homopolymerization of fully ionized isocyanoethyl methacrylate‐glutamine (iIEM‐Gln) in the presence of poly(hexamethylene guanidine) (PHMG), in which strong hydrogen bonds were formed among urea groups in the P (iIEM‐Gln) chain to form a stable hydrogel network. The prepared iGx/PHMGy hydrogels exhibited adequate self‐healing ability and tissue adhesion, which could be firmly adhered to the wound surface and remained intact during application. In addition, the presence of PHMG imparted good antibacterial activity to the hydrogels for the effective promotion of the wound healing in S. aureus infected skin wound on mice. Overall, this multi‐functional hydrogel provides a facile and effective strategy for the design of infected wound dressings, and may show great potential in clinical applications.
Assessing climate risk to support urban forests in a changing climate
Authors: Esperon‐Rodriguez Manuel , Rymer Paul D. , Power Sally A. , Barton David N. , Cariñanos Paloma , Dobbs Cynnamon , Eleuterio Ana Alice , Escobedo Francisco J. , Hauer Richard , Hermy Martin , Jahani Ali , Onyekwelu Jonathan C. , Östberg Johan , Pataki Diane , Randrup Thomas B. , Rasmussen Tørres , Roman Lara A. , Russo Alessio , Shackleton Charlie , Solfjeld Ingjerd , van Doorn Natalie S. , Wells Matthew J. , Wiström Björn , Yan Pengbo , Yang Jun , Tjoelker Mark G. 
Published: January 2022

Societal Impact StatementGlobally, cities are planning for resilience through urban greening initiatives as governments understand the importance of urban forests in improving quality of life and mitigating climate change. However, the persistence of urban forests and the ecosystem benefits they provide are threatened by climate change, and systematic assessments of causes of tree dieback and mortality in urban environments are rare. Long‐term monitoring studies and adaptive management are needed to identify and prevent climate change‐driven failures and mortality. Research and monitoring when coupled with systematic forecasting will enable governments to incorporate climate change resilience into urban forestry planning. Future scenarios in which urban forests are resilient or in decline will depend on the management and planning actions we make today.SummaryThe management of urban forests is a key element of resilience planning in cities across the globe. Urban forests provide ecosystem services as well as other nature‐based solutions to 4.2 billion people living in cities. However, to continue to do so effectively, urban forests need to be able to thrive in an increasingly changing climate. Trees in cities are vulnerable to extreme heat and drought events, which are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Knowledge of species' vulnerability to climate change, therefore, is crucial to ensure provision of desired ecosystem benefits, improve species selection, maintain tree growth and reduce tree mortality, dieback and stress in urban forests. Yet, systematic assessments of causes of tree dieback and mortality in urban environments are rare. We reviewed the state of knowledge of tree mortality in urban forests globally, finding very few frameworks that enable detection of climate change impacts on urban forests and no long‐term studies assessing climate change as a direct driver of urban tree dieback and mortality. The effects of climate change on urban forests remain poorly understood and quantified, constraining the ability of governments to incorporate climate change resilience into urban forestry planning.
The effect of group IV chitinase, HaCHT4, on the chitin content of the peritrophic matrix (PM) during larval growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Hu De‐Qin , Luo Sheng‐Hui , Abudunasier Maimaitiaili , Cai Xin‐Hui , Feng Meng‐Meng , Liu Xiao‐Ning , Wang Dong‐Mei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtensive research has been conducted on insect chitinases. However, little is known about the function of chitinase in the regulation of the surface structure of the peritrophic matrix (PM) in larval midguts. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of HaCHT4 on the chitin content and surface structure of the PM during larval growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera.RESULTSThe expression level of HaCHT4 was lower and the chitin content was higher in the early stages of fourth to sixth instar larvae, but they were reversed in the corresponding late stages. The correlation coefficient between the expression level of HaCHT4 and the chitin content was −0.585 (P < 0.05), with a higher negative correlation of −0.934 for the fourth instar (P < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface structure of PM was multi‐laminated with small pores in the early stages of fourth to sixth instar larvae, and more and bigger pores in the late stages. Low expression of HaCHT4 caused by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in the increase of chitin content in the PM, and the surface structure of PM became multilayered with smaller pore size in the late stage of fourth instar larvae. Also, induction of HaCHT4 by application of 2‐tridecanone (2‐TD), decreased the chitin content of PM, caused larger pores to form and lots of food bolus to attach to the PM surface, and also increased the larval susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole.CONCLUSIONThese results provided strong evidence that HaCHT4 plays an important role by regulating the chitin content of the PM and its surface structure, thereby affecting the sensitivity of H. armigera to chlorantraniliprole.
Iron therapy as a novel treatment of scleroderma‐related pulmonary hypertension: A case report and literature review
Authors: Neumann Melissa , Wong Karen A. , Lazo Kevin , Stover Diane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), with a 3‐year mortality of 40%–50% despite optimal therapy. Treatment mirrors that of idiopathic PAH and is often ineffective. This is a case report of a patient with SSc evaluated for progressive dyspnoea with exertion and found to have elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASPs). She received ferritin‐targeted iron infusions as a novel treatment of suspected SSc‐associated PAH, with subsequent resolution of respiratory symptoms and PASPs that normalized. We review PAH especially associated with SSc, its treatment and identify a possible novel therapeutic approach for those with PAH‐SSc.
Taxonomic and functional distinctness of the fish assemblages differing among different types of reservoirs in south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Mattos Tailan Moretti , Carvalho Dandhara Rossi , Guerra‐Júnior Augusto de Salles , Araújo Francisco Gerson 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of fish assemblages in reservoirs depend on factors such as the morphometry of the catchment, habitat structure, and the uses of the reservoir. In the Paraíba do Sul (PSR) basin in southeastern Brazil, there are several types of reservoirs, some on the main channel, some are cascade reservoirs originated from a diversion of the waters of the PSR, and others are isolated reservoirs from tributaries. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of these three types of reservoirs on the taxonomic and functional distinctness of the fish assemblages. It was hypothesized that reservoirs on the main channel (more inflowing waters and habitat availability) have higher taxonomic and functional distinctness compared to cascade reservoirs, which in turn, have greater distinctness than isolated reservoirs. In addition, we expect assemblage structure to differ among these types of reservoirs because of the close relationship with local environmental conditions and habitat structure. Thirty measurements (26 quantitative and 4 categorical) from 34 fish species representing functional traits associated with locomotion, feeding, life strategy, and habitat use were taken. Fish assemblages differed among the three types of reservoirs, which was probably associated with different environmental and local habitat conditions. Higher taxonomic and functional distinctness were found for the isolated reservoirs, and lower for reservoirs on the main channel. This suggests that the fish fauna in this latter type of reservoir were probably composed of phylogenetically close and morphologically similar species. It is likely that limitation of the available resources induces fish to partition the available niches to coexist, favoring assemblages with species adapted to different functions. Our results demonstrate that assessing fish functional and taxonomic distinctness can be used to advance understanding of fish communities from reservoirs in Neotropical regions.
Molecular dynamics simulation of organic contaminant adsorption on organic‐coated smectite clay
Authors: Willemsen Jennifer A. R. , Emunah Meléa , Bourg Ian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are used to examine the adsorption and aggregation of tyrosine and glutamate molecules on a stack of smectite particles at three different organic loadings. The results reveal a strong affinity of the smectite surface for the organic molecules with the zwitterionic tyrosine molecules coating the exterior surfaces (and entering the interlayer region to a lesser extent), whereas the negatively charged glutamate molecules are generally found near the clay edge sites and in coordination with aqueous and coordinating Ca ions. Additional simulations examine the effects of the tyrosine and glutamate organic coatings on the adsorption of two organic contaminants, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). The addition of these coatings did not prevent the DMP and PFBS molecules from accessing previously identified favorable adsorption domains. An analysis of the adsorption energetics shows an initial decrease in contaminant adsorption relative to pure mineral surfaces as tyrosine and glutamate are introduced to the system, followed by increasing adsorption with increasing organic loadings. Overall, this research advances the mechanistic understanding of the interplay between smectite surfaces, organic coatings, and organic contaminants.
Are duplicates really harmful? An empirical study on bug report summarization techniques
Authors: Hao Rui , Li Yuying , Feng Yang , Chen Zhenyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent research works have proven that duplicate bug reports can provide helpful information to assist developers in software tasks such as fault localization and program fixing, while thoroughly reading duplicate bug reports is time‐consuming and inefficient. Summarization is a possible solution for gaining essential information quickly. However, there are many challenges when applying existing summarizing techniques on duplicate bug reports. Duplicate bug reports describe the same problem from different views and vary in quality, content, and writing style. Moreover, the code snippet understanding and the semantic gap between natural and programming languages make the summary generation even more difficult. Thus, in this paper, we want to investigate whether the state‐of‐the‐art summarization approaches can overcome the resistance and generate an effective summary for duplicate bug reports. We collected more than 8,000 groups of duplicate reports from GitHub and labeled 60 groups with 149 reports manually for the evaluation. Results showed that although the existing summarization approaches can work on duplicate bug reports, there are significant differences between them when it comes to code snippet summarization. Moreover, several methods can be very sluggish for summarizing long bug reports. Our study provides insights and guidelines for choosing proper summarization approaches in different scenarios.
Anti‐ulcerative effects of wogonin on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium via Nrf2/TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway in BALB/c mice
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Dou Fafu , Song Huwei , Liu Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease on the deepest lining of the colon and rectum. Wogonin is an antitumor flavonoid, which possesses various therapeutic properties. Even if the anti‐colitis effect of wogonin was documented earlier, but the wogonin effect on inflammation underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this present study, we hypothesized to study the oxidative damage, anti‐inflammatory, and molecular action of wogonin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC mice model. In methods, mice were categorized into four groups: that is, normal control, DSS alone, DSS + wogonin (30 mg/kg/day), and DSS + sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg/day). We determined the biochemical markers, inflammatory cytokines, histopathology of colon tissue, and western blot analysis. DSS significantly reduced body weight, colon length, and increased inflammation in the colon. Wogonin treatment prevented colonic ulceration, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes. Oxidative damage and inflammatory mediators' elevation were also dramatically diminished by wogonin. Wogonin activates apoptosis via inhibiting Bcl‐2 and augmenting Bax, caspase‐3, and ‐9 expressions. Wogonin downregulated the COX‐2 and iNOS, thereby repressing NF‐κB. Wogonin regulated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and decreased TLR‐4/NF‐κB triggering. Taken together our study exposed that wogonin has a promising anti‐ulcerative agent and recommended for good anti‐inflammatory drug in the colon.