bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasch-calibrated Intermittent Exotropia Symptom Questionnaire for Children
Authors: Holmes Jonathan M. , Leske David A. , Hercinovic Amra , Hatt Sarah R. , Chandler Danielle L. , Li Zhuokai , Melia B. Michele , Chen Angela M. , Erzurum Sergul Ayse , Crouch Eric R. , Jenewein Erin C. , Kraker Raymond T. , Cotter Susan A. 
Published: April 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
A rigorously designed and calibrated symptom questionnaire for childhood intermittent exotropia would be useful for clinical care and for research.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to Rasch-calibrate and evaluate the previously developed Child Intermittent Exotropia Symptom Questionnaire using data gathered as part of a randomized clinical trial.

METHODS
The questionnaire was administered to 386 children aged 3 to 10 years with intermittent exotropia who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing overminus with nonoverminus spectacles. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months while on treatment and at 18 months off treatment. Factor analysis determined dimensionality, and Rasch analysis evaluated questionnaire performance. Logit values were converted to 0 (best) to 100 (worst). We evaluated differences in questionnaire scores between treatment groups and time points, and correlations with control scores.

RESULTS
The Child Intermittent Exotropia Symptom Questionnaire was unidimensional. Rasch analysis indicated that there was no notable local dependence and no significant differential item functioning for sex or age. There was suboptimal targeting (mean logit, −1.62), and person separation was somewhat poor (0.95). There were no significant differences in the Child Intermittent Exotropia Symptom score between overminus spectacles and nonoverminus spectacles at 6, 12, and 18 months. Combining data from both treatment groups, there was significant improvement from baseline at all follow-up visits (e.g., mean change from baseline to 12 months, −6.6 points; 95% confidence interval, −8.6 to −4.6). Child Intermittent Exotropia Symptom scores were not correlated with distance or near control scores at 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The seven-item Rasch-scored Child Intermittent Exotropia Symptom Questionnaire is limited by suboptimal performance. Future study is needed to determine whether it may be useful for clinical practice and for research.
Case Series: Unusual Presentation of Acanthamoeba Coinfection in the Cornea
Authors: Chuang Yu-Hsun , Wang Ying-Ching , Yen Chu-Yu , Lin Chih-Chung , Chen Chun-Chen 
Published: April 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
The cases illustrate Acanthamoeba coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or microsporidia in the cornea.

PURPOSE
This case series aimed to alert clinicians toward considering Acanthamoeba coinfection in the cornea when unusual presentation such as perineuritis or epitheliitis was observed in clinical images. Increased suspicion of Acanthamoeba coinfection may facilitate early diagnosis and prompt management, eventually leading to good vision outcomes.

CASE SERIES
An 11-year-old boy wearing orthokeratology lens for myopia control complained of pain in the right eye for 1 week. A paracentral corneal ulcer with perineuritis was observed. Culture from corneal tissue revealed P. aeruginosa, and an in vivo confocal microscopic examination showed highly reflective and oval-shaped structures indicating Acanthamoeba coinfection. Corneal lesions gradually improved under 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanidine, 0.1% propamidine isethionate, and 0.3% ciprofloxacin. At 1 year, the final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 with residual paracentral corneal opacity. Another 20-year-old man complained of pain in the right eye for 2 weeks. Multiple raised corneal lesions associated with epitheliitis were found. Moreover, 1% acid-fast staining showed oval-shaped spores, and microsporidia infection was inferred. In addition, polymerase chain reaction results obtained after subjecting the patient to corneal debridement revealed positivity for Acanthamoeba. Polyhexamethylene biguanidine (0.02%) and 0.5% moxifloxacin were prescribed, and the lesions subsided. At a 2-year follow-up, the final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25.

CONCLUSIONS
Perineuritis in orthokeratology lens wearers and epitheliitis without any predisposing factor are unusual presentations of Acanthamoeba coinfection in the cornea. These corneal findings should arouse the suspicion of coinfection and enable the clinicians to conduct the appropriate workup and initiate adequate treatment. This case series demonstrated that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve visual prognosis.
Interocular Phase Disparity Tuning of Binocular Contrast Summation Depends on Carrier Spatial Frequency and Orientation
Authors: Raghunandan Avesh , Boyak Tabytha A. 
Published: April 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
Binocular summation is a sensitive metric of binocular integration. As such, characterization of the mechanisms underlying binocular summation is a key step in translating and applying this knowledge to abnormal binocular systems afflicted with strabismus and amblyopia.

PURPOSE
Computational models of binocular summation have advocated the operation of mechanisms sensitive to the interocular phase disparity of first-order carrier gratings. This study investigated if such generalization depended on carrier spatial frequency and orientation.

METHODS
Monocular and binocular contrast detection thresholds were measured in nine observers with normal binocular vision. Stimuli comprised Gabor targets presented with one of three spatial frequencies (1, 3, and 9 cycles per degree [cpd]), two orientations (horizontal and vertical), and five interocular phase disparities (0, ±π/2, ±π radians). Horizontal and vertical fixation disparities were measured for each binocular threshold condition. Binocular summation ratios were computed by dividing the mean monocular detection threshold by the respective binocular detection threshold.

RESULTS
Binocular summation ratio varied significantly with interocular phase disparity for the 1- and 3-cpd horizontal and vertical gratings. Phase dependency was reduced with the 9-cpd horizontal grating and absent for the 9-cpd vertical grating, even though binocular summation ratio exceeded predictions of probability summation. Computational modeling that incorporated the variability of fixation disparity into a vector summation model predicted a reduction in peak binocular summation ratio with increasing carrier spatial frequency but did not account for the reduction of phase sensitivity noted with the 9-cpd stimulus.

CONCLUSIONS
Binocular summation magnitude is less dependent on interocular phase disparities for carrier spatial frequencies that exceed 3 cpd, especially with vertical gratings. Although vergence variability due to fixation disparities contributes to the overall reduction in binocular summation magnitude with increasing carrier spatial frequency, it does not provide a complete account for the lack of interocular phase disparity tuning noted with high grating spatial frequencies.
Early Hypocalcemia in Pediatric Major Trauma
Authors: Gimelraikh Yulia , Berant Ron , Stein Michael , Berzon Baruch , Epstein Danny , Samuel Nir 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Early hypocalcemia (EH) is common in adult major trauma patients and has been associated with coagulopathy, shock, increased transfusion requirements, and mortality. The incidence of EH in pediatric severe trauma has not been investigated. We aimed to explore the incidence of EH among severely injured children.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary children's hospital and a level 1 pediatric trauma center. We extracted the medical records of all pediatric major trauma patients, defined as an age less than 18 years and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, admitted after trauma team activation from January 2010 to December 2020.
The primary outcome was the presence of EH. Patients were classified into 3 groups: severe hypocalcemia (ionized calcium [iCa] <1 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1 < iCa < 1.16 mmol/L), and normal calcium (iCa ≥1.16 mmol/L).

Results
During the study period, 5126 children were hospitalized because of trauma. One hundred eleven children met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 11 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4–15), and 78.4% (87) were male. The median ISS was 21 (IQR, 17–27).
Hypocalcemia was found in 19.8% (22) and severe hypocalcemia in 2.7% (3) of the patients.
Although not statistically significant, hypocalcemic pediatric trauma patients had higher ISS (25.5 [IQR, 17–29] vs 21 [IQR, 17–26], P = 0.39), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (11 [IQR, 3–15] vs 13 [IQR, 7–15], P = 0.24), a more prolonged hospital stay (8 days [IQR, 2–16] vs 6 days [IQR, 3–13], P = 0.36), a more frequent need for blood products (27.3% vs 20.2%, P = 0.74), and higher mortality rates (9.1% vs 1.1%, P = 0.18) compared with normocalcemic patients.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that in the setting of major trauma, EH is less frequent in children than previously reported in adults. Our preliminary data suggest that pediatric patients with EH may be at risk of increased morbidity and mortality compared with children with normal admission iCa requiring further studies.
Mandibular Distraction in Neonatal Pierre Robin Sequence: Is Immediate Extubation Both Feasible and Safe?
Authors: Payne Samuel H. , Brady Colin M. , Mercury Oblaise A. , Soldanska Magdalena , Hush Stefanie E. , Xiang Yijin , Williams Joseph K. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The timing of extubation following placement of mandibular distractors in the setting of Pierre Robin sequence is variable across institutional algorithms. Postoperative maintenance of intubation allows for an improvement in airway dimension and tongue positioning before extubation, theoretically decreasing the impact of postoperative airway edema. Maintenance of intubation, however, is not without risk. The authors analyze their institutional experience with neonatal mandibular distraction followed by immediate extubation to assess feasibility and safety profiles.

Methods:
A 4-year retrospective review of patients diagnosed with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent mandibular distraction within the first 3 months of life was performed. Patients intubated preoperatively were excluded.

Results:
Fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Thirty-eight patients (73 percent) were extubated immediately, whereas 14 patients (27 percent) remained intubated. No differences between these groups were found when comorbidities, cleft pathology, preoperative respiratory support, or grade of view on direct laryngoscopy were analyzed. Case duration greater than 120 minutes, operation start time after 3 pm, and the subjective designation of a difficult airway by the anesthesiologist were associated with maintaining intubation (p < 0.05). Eight patients (21 percent) in the extubated group required an increase in respiratory support in the postoperative interval. Four of these patients (11 percent) required reintubation. Increased postoperative respiratory support was more likely in patients with certain comorbidities and higher preoperative respiratory support requirements (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The authors’ data suggest that immediate extubation following neonatal mandibular distraction is feasible in patients who are not intubated preoperatively. Careful consideration should be given to patients who require significant respiratory support preoperatively and in those with certain comorbidities.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Step-by-Step Video Series
Authors: Murali Srinisha P. , Denadai Rafael , Chou Pang-Yun , Chang Chun-Shin , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
Secondary alveolar bone grafting is one of the key surgical procedures performed to restore dental arch continuity and facilitate tooth eruption in patients with cleft lip and palate. Harvest of cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest has become the gold standard; however. there is no consensus regarding the ideal technique. An optimal bone harvest technique must be aimed at producing minimal donor-site morbidity and patient discomfort. The success of the bone grafting procedure depends largely on the surgical technique. To restore cleft alveolar defects, one must be able to conceptualize the different underlying aspects of the problem to perform an effective surgical repair. It is important for surgeons-in-service to adopt newer techniques that significantly enhance the overall outcome. This article describes two techniques of iliac bone harvest and the principles involved in execution of the alveolar bone grafting procedure. The accompanying four-part video series depicts the bone harvest, flap design, dissection of the recipient cleft alveolus, and bone grafting in a step-by-step manner.
An Evidence-Based Theory of Psychological Adjustment to Long-Term Physical Health Conditions: Applications in Clinical Practice
Authors: Carroll Susan , Moon Zoe , Hudson Joanna , Hulme Katrin , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Around 30% of people with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) experience comorbid anxiety and depression. For many, comorbid distress is linked to difficulties adjusting to the challenges of the LTC. The aims of this article are to present a transdiagnostic theoretical model of adjustment to LTCs (TMA-LTC), demonstrate the application of this model in clinical practice, and highlight the distinguishing features of treating LTC-related distress compared with treating primary anxiety and/or depression.

Methods
A systematic review (k = 21) was conducted to collate preexisting evidence-based models of adjustment across LTCs. Models of adjustment for a range of LTCs were extracted and synthesized into a new preliminary TMA-LTC. Two expert consensus meetings were held, where experts rated the relevance and importance of all concepts within the models.

Results
The TMA-LTC proposes that acute critical events or ongoing illness stressors can disrupt emotional equilibrium, and that whether a person returns to equilibrium and achieves good psychological adjustment depends on a number of cognitive and behavioral factors, as well as their interpersonal, intrapersonal, environmental, and illness-specific contexts. A case study is presented to demonstrate the clinical application of this model in treating illness-related distress, highlighting how it overcomes roadblocks that may be encountered when working primarily within traditional mental health paradigms.

Conclusions
As an empirically and clinically informed model, TMA-LTC provides a useful guide for assessment, formulation, and treatment in the context of psychological adjustment to LTCs. Future studies are needed to test treatments that have been developed based on TMA-LTC.
The Influence of Emotion Regulation on the Association Between Depression and Heart Rate Variability in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Mura Francesca , Patron Elisabetta , Messerotti Benvenuti Simone , Gentili Claudio , Ponchia Andrea , Palomba Daniela 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Poor vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is a mechanism linking depression to coronary heart disease (CHD). Reduced vmHRV is also considered an index of emotion dysregulation—the frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, one of the most important being expressive suppression—which is a key component of depression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of expressive suppression in the relation between depression and vmHRV in patients with CHD.

Methods
The sample included 235 patients with CHD (mean [standard deviation] age = 61.6 [9.8] years; 12% women) admitted to cardiac rehabilitation after a cardiac intervention. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was administered to assess depressive symptoms. Emotion regulation strategies based on either expressive suppression or cognitive reappraisal were assessed through the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Resting electrocardiographic recordings were collected for 5 minutes to compute HRV indices.

Results
Expressive suppression moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and vmHRV (b = −0.03, p = .012). Patients with lower expressive suppression scores showed no association between depressive symptoms and vmHRV (b = −0.00, p = .94), whereas those with higher expressive suppression scores showed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and vmHRV (b = −0.05, p = .015).

Conclusions
The use of expressive suppression is likely to potentiate the relation between depressive symptoms and poor vmHRV, which could increase the cardiac risk in these patients. Targeting emotion regulation skills in cardiac rehabilitation programs may be useful for reducing the impact of depression in cardiac patients.
Nocardia albiluteola sp. nov., a novel lignin-degrading actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of pumpkin
Authors: Shan Qiqi , Han Chuang , Zhao Junwei , Yu Bing , Jiang Mengqi , Liu Ting , Wang Xiangjing , Xiang Wensheng 
Published: April 2022

A novel lignin-degrading actinobacterium, designated NEAU-G5T, was isolated from pumpkin rhizosphere soil collected from field in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, and characterized using polyphasic approach. The prior 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenic analysis showed that strain NEAU-G5T exhibited close phylogenetic relatedness to

Nocardia miyunensis

NBRC 108239T (98.82 %),

Nocardia nova

NBRC 15556T (98.75 %),

Nocardia jiangxiensis

NBRC 101359T (98.68 %) and

Nocardia macrotermitis

RB20T (98.61 %). Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-G5T could be assigned to the genus

Nocardia

. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4, ω-cycl). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C18 : 0. Mycolic acids were present. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-G5T was 68 mol%. Moreover, based on digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values, strain NEAU-G5T could be differentiated from its reference strains. In addition, an azure B plate decolorization test and genomic analysis indicated that strain NEAU-G5T had the ability to degrade lignin. On the basis of polyphasic characteristics, strain NEAU-G5T represents a novel species of the genus

Nocardia

, with the name Nocardia albiluteola sp. nov. The type strain is NEAU-G5T (=CCTCC AA 2021018T=DSM 110547T).
From elimination to suppression: genomic epidemiology of a large Delta SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jelley Lauren , Douglas Jordan , Ren Xiaoyun , Winter David , McNeill Andrea , Huang Sue , French Nigel , Welch David , Hadfield James , de Ligt Joep , Geoghegan Jemma L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNew Zealand’s COVID-19 elimination strategy heavily relied on the use of genomics to inform contact tracing, linking cases to the border and to clusters during community outbreaks. In August 2021, New Zealand entered its second nationwide lockdown after the detection of a single community case with no immediately apparent epidemiological link to the border. This incursion resulted in the largest outbreak seen in New Zealand caused by the Delta Variant of Concern. Here we generated 3806 high quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes from cases reported in New Zealand between 17 August and 1 December 2021, representing 43% of reported cases. We detected wide geographical spread coupled with undetected community transmission, characterised by the apparent extinction and reappearance of genomically linked clusters. We also identified the emergence, and near replacement, of genomes possessing a 10-nucleotide frameshift deletion that caused the likely truncation of accessory protein ORF7a. By early October, New Zealand moved from elimination to suppression and the role of genomics changed markedly from being used to track and trace, towards population-level surveillance.
Evaluation of patient-specific cell free DNA assays for monitoring of minimal residual disease in solid tumors
Authors: Akolkar Dadasaheb , Patil Darshana , Puranik Sneha , Puranik Swapnil , Nandre Pratiksha Sunil , Sabale Karishma Raosaheb , Apurwa Sachin , Bodke Harshal , Shrivastava Navin , Datta Vineet , Schuster Stefan , John Jinumary , Srinivasan Ajay , Datar Rajan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReal time monitoring of disease status is an essential part of cancer management. The low sensitivity and specificity of serum markers and the constraints and risks associated with radiological scans prompt the need for accurate non-invasive means to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in solid tumors. In this study we describe MRD evaluation via profiling of patient-specific gene variants in cell free tumor DNA (i.e., ctMRD). We evaluate the feasibility of this approach for real time monitoring of tumor load dynamics in response to anticancer treatments. We prioritized 162 hot spot mutations for designing ctMRD assays based on literature review. These ctMRD assays were evaluated in 436 plasma specimens with a median of 6 (range 3-18) longitudinal evaluations in a cohort of 48 patients with various solid tumors. In patients with partial radiological response (PR), Mutant Allele Fraction (MAF) showed high correlation (84%) with radiological response and tumor volume (cm3) compared to conventional CA markers (53%). Total plasma ctDNA level was significantly higher in patients with 2-5 metastatic sites compared with single metastatic site (P = 0.04) and discriminated patients with stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) from patients with partial response (PR) (P =0.01and P = 0.04, respectively). Collectively, the present study shows that changes in mutation burden evaluated using patient specific ctMRD assays is a highly sensitive approach for monitoring of therapy response.
Talking on handsfree and handheld cellphones while driving in association with handheld phone bans
Authors: Benedetti Marco H. , Li Li , Shen Sijun , Kinnear Neale , Delgado M. Kit , Zhu Motao 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionConcurrent use of a cellphone while driving impairs driving abilities, and studies of policy effectiveness in reducing distracted driving have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, few studies have considered how hands-free phone use associates with handheld phone bans. It is not clear whether hand-held phone bans dissuade some drivers from using the phone while driving completely, or whether it simply promotes a shift to hands-free use. The present study estimates the association between handheld phone policies and self-reported talking on handsfree and handheld cellphones while driving.MethodsOur data consisted of 16,067 respondents to annual administrations of the Traffic Safety Culture Index from 2012-2017. Our primary exposure variable was handheld phone policy, and our primary outcome variables were self-reported talking on any phone, self-reported talking on a handheld phone, and self-reported talking on a hands-free phone while driving. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios of the outcomes associated with handheld phone bans via modified Poisson regression.ResultsDrivers in states with handheld bans were 13% less likely to self-report talking on any type of cellphone (handheld or handsfree) while driving. When broken down by cellphone type, drivers in states with handheld bans were 38% less likely to self-report talking on a handheld phone and 10% more likely to self-report talking on a hands-free phone while driving.ConclusionsHandheld phone bans were associated with more self-reported talking on hands-free phones and less talking on handheld phones, consistent with a substitution hypothesis. Handheld bans were also associated with less talking on any phone while driving, supporting a net safety benefit.Practical ApplicationsIn the absence of a national ban on handheld phone use while driving, our study supports state handheld phone bans to deter distracted driving and improve traffic safety.