bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social vulnerability amplifies the disparate impact of mobility on COVID-19 transmissibility across the United States
Authors: Huang Bo , Huang Zhihui , Chen Chen , Lin Jian , Tam Tony , Hong Yingyi , Pei Sen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough human mobility is considered critical for the spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) both locally and globally, the extent to which such an association is impacted by social vulnerability remains unclear. Here, using multisource epidemiological and socioeconomic data of US counties, we develop a COVID-19 pandemic vulnerability index (CPVI) to quantify their levels of social vulnerability and examine how social vulnerability moderated the influence of mobility on disease transmissibility (represented by the effective reproduction number, Rt) during the US summer epidemic wave of 2020. We find that counties in the top CPVI quintile suffered almost double in regard to COVID-19 transmission (45.02% days with an Rt higher than 1) from mobility, particularly intracounty mobility, compared to counties in the lowest quintile (21.90%). In contrast, counties in the bottom CPVI quintile were only slightly affected by the level of mobility. As such, a 25% intracounty mobility change was associated with a 15.28% Rt change for counties in the top CPVI quintile, which is eight times the 1.81% Rt change for those in the lowest quintile. These findings suggest the need to account for the vulnerability of communities when making social distancing measures against mobility in the future.
Role of induced mutagenesis and improved crop varieties in food security: impact in the Indian context
Authors: Badigannavar Anand M. , Mondal Suvendu , Suprasanna Penna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Improvement of crop plants relies on the availability of plant genetic variation. There are several approaches for enhancing genetic variability and for breeding better genotypes to achieve high productivity to meet the demands of food security. India is an agrarian country, whose economic development is vastly dependent on sustained growth and achievements in the agriculture sector amid the raising population, shrinking arable land and adverse effects of climate change. Current and future challenges in agriculture will require a synergistic blend of conventional and advanced methodologies in crop improvement, crop production and crop protection which would holistically contribute to agricultural research for achieving national food and nutritional security. Crop improvement through mutation breeding, among various breeding methodologies, has played an important role in inducing novel genetic variability, improving existing popular varieties and developing promising superior varieties in different crop plants. Induced mutants and their utilization in recombination breeding have contributed to the development and release of more than 458 mutant and mutant-derived varieties in India covering cereals, food legumes, oilseeds, ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and other crops for varied agro-ecologies. These varieties were improved for various agronomic traits, seed yield, nutritional traits, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Mutant varieties are now widely accepted and extensively cultivated by the farming community, which enabled in enhancing productivity in turn farm income across the country.
Diamond p-FETs using two-dimensional hole gas for high frequency and high voltage complementary circuits
Authors: Kawarada Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diamond is a wide bandgap semiconductor (bandgap: 5.5 eV). However, through impurity doping, diamond can become a p-type or n-type semiconductor. The minimum resistivity of p-type semiconductor diamond is less than 10−3 Ω cm, which is no more than that of silicon (Si). In contrast, the minimum resistivity of n-type diamond is as high as 103 Ω cm. At present, the development of unipolar devices such as p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) based on diamond is strongly anticipated. When the diamond surface is terminated using hydrogen (H) or Si atoms, the subsurface layer becomes a p-type accumulation layer or inversion layer that forms a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), which can then be used as a channel for a FET structure. As a p-FET, the performance of this device approaches that of other wide bandgap semiconductor n-channel FETs. One of the main advantages of this diamond p-FET is that the p-type accumulation or inversion layer is formed natively on the hydrogen terminated (C–H) diamond. This review describes the low metal contact resistance that induces 2DHG formation on the C–H diamond surface, on which negatively charged sites are formed. The negatively charged surface model explains the 2DHG formation clearly based on the FET’s operating mechanism. Recent advances in 2DHG FETs are also discussed, particularly in terms of their current densities of >1 A mm−1 and their high frequency performance. Finally, we propose two types of complementary high-voltage circuit that combine diamond p-FETs with other wide bandgap semiconductor n-FETs.
Interpretation and further development of the hypnodensity representation of sleep structure
Authors: Huijben Iris A M , Hermans Lieke W A , Rossi Alessandro C , Overeem Sebastiaan , van Gilst Merel M , van Sloun Ruud J G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. The recently-introduced hypnodensity graph provides a probability distribution over sleep stages per data window (i.e. an epoch). This work explored whether this representation reveals continuities that can only be attributed to intra- and inter-rater disagreement of expert scorings, or also to co-occurrence of sleep stage-dependent features within one epoch. Approach. We proposed a simplified model for time series like the ones measured during sleep, and a second model to describe the annotation process by an expert. Generating data according to these models, enabled controlled experiments to investigate the interpretation of the hypnodensity graph. Moreover, the influence of both the supervised training strategy, and the used softmax non-linearity were investigated. Polysomnography recordings of 96 healthy sleepers (of which 11 were used as independent test set), were subsequently used to transfer conclusions to real data. Main results. A hypnodensity graph, predicted by a supervised neural classifier, represents the probability with which the sleep expert(s) assigned a label to an epoch. It thus reflects annotator behavior, and is thereby only indirectly linked to the ratio of sleep stage-dependent features in the epoch. Unsupervised training was shown to result in hypnodensity graph that were slightly less dependent on this annotation process, resulting in, on average, higher-entropy distributions over sleep stages (H
unsupervised = 0.41 versus H
supervised = 0.29). Moreover, pre-softmax predictions were, for both training strategies, found to better reflect the ratio of sleep stage-dependent characteristics in an epoch, as compared to the post-softmax counterparts (i.e. the hypnodensity graph). In real data, this was observed from the linear relation between pre-softmax N3 predictions and the amount of delta power. Significance. This study provides insights in, and proposes new, representations of sleep that may enhance our comprehension about sleep and sleep disorders.
Design of the GaN based CAVET with SiO2–InGaN hybrid current blocking layer
Authors: Li Haiou , Kang Dongxu , Qu Kangchun , Liu Xingpeng , Wan Rongqiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The emergence of vertical GaN devices solves the problem of insufficient voltage withstand capacity of horizontal GaN devices. However, the current output capability of vertical GaN devices is not comparable to that of lateral GaN devices. So we propose a Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN current-aperture vertical electron transistor with a SiO2–In0.05Ga0.95N hybrid current-blocking layer (CBL). Through simulation and in-depth study of the proposed device, the results show that the GaN/InGaN secondary channel enhances the saturation output current of the device, achieving a saturated output current (I
DSS) of 985 mA mm−1 and a transconductance (G
m) of 256 mS mm−1, which are 30% and 25% higher than that of the single-channel SiO2 CBL device, respectively. The breakdown voltage is 230 V and the on-resistance (R
on) is only 0.58 mΩ cm2.
Applicability of ultrasonic welding to Ag-stabilized REBCO CC joints and evaluation of their electromechanical properties
Authors: Nisay Arman Ray , Shin Hyung-Seop 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Manufacturing a single long-length rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductor (CC) tape with uniform critical current (I
c) is still a challenge; therefore, joining between multiple-length CC tapes is needed in the production of longer CC tapes for superconducting cables, coils, and magnets. Various joining techniques have been developed to achieve acceptably low joint resistance (R
j) with no I
c degradation and good electromechanical properties. The authors established ultrasonic welding (UW) and hybrid welding (HW) methods for joining Cu-stabilized CC tapes with different configurations. However, these methods have yet to be applied to Ag-stabilized CC tapes to produce compact joints and longer tapes during in-line production. This study used the UW and HW methods to fabricate Ag-stabilized CC joints to have low R
j without I
c degradation through a direct connection at the overlapped Ag layers between both CC tapes. Two CC tape samples with different thicknesses of ∼2 µm and ∼6 µm Ag stabilizers were supplied to produce UW and HW Ag-stabilized CC joints. These were compared with soldered CC joints fabricated by a mechanically controlled soldering method. In the case of UW, the design of experiment using the Taguchi method was used to systematically determine the optimized weld parameter combination that yields a lower R
j without any I
c degradation. This study is a systematic attempt to evaluate the applicability of UW for solid-state joining between thin Ag layers, unlike the conventional joining of thick Cu stabilizers. Moreover, the electromechanical properties of differently processed Ag-stabilized REBCO CC joints were evaluated using both lap-shear and double-bending tests. As a result, the optimum UW parameter combinations were obtained to achieve Ag-stabilized CC joints. However, some variations were probably due to the differences in the production batch and thickness of the Ag layers. The UW Ag-stabilized CC joints showed superior joint characteristics and electromechanical properties compared to soldered CC joints. Good solid-state bonding of the Ag layers was observed through microscopic observation of the cross-section at the joint region of the UW CC joint. The joint characteristics and electromechanical properties of the UW Ag-stabilized CC joints can be further improved using the HW method.
Thermomagnetic instability and accompanied stress intensity factor jumps in type-II superconducting bulks under various magnetization processes
Authors: Huang Chenguang , Song Zengyu , Wang Shaozhen , Chen Haina , Wang Fusheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For type-II superconducting bulks used as trapped-field magnets, the thermomagnetic instability, manifested as flux jumps and temperature spikes, frequently takes place, resulting in a large amount of energy dissipation in a short time and further the crack problem due to electromagnetic and thermal stresses. In this paper, based on the magnetic and heat diffusion equations and fracture theory, we develop a thermal-magnetic-mechanical coupling model to analyze the flux-jump and fracture behaviors in bulk samples of BiSrCaCuO under various magnetization processes. This model has an important advantage that the simulation domain can be restricted to the sample itself, without having to consider the air region around it, and its reliability is verified by the existing experimental and numerical results. The effects of the sample size, the ambient temperature, and the sweep rate, direction, and uniformity of the external magnetic field on the flux jumps, and Mode I and Mode II stress intensity factors are fully analyzed under different cooling conditions. It is found that as ambient temperature or field inclined angle increases or field sweep rate decreases, the first flux-jump field presents a trend of monotonically increasing for zero-field-cooling magnetization but it has an opposite trend for field-cooling magnetization. The flux jump can lead to the jump of temperature, electromagnetic force, and stress intensity factor. In addition, the sensitivity of flux-jump and fracture behaviors to different parameters and the influence of flux jump on the demagnetization behavior under crossed magnetic fields are discussed. We also find the levitation force jumping phenomenon when the bulk sample is magnetized in a nonuniform magnetic field. From the results obtained, we provide some general guidelines on how the system parameters of superconducting bulk magnets could be chosen to improve the thermal-magnetic-mechanical stability.
Optical and dispersion parameters of Ge-Zn-Se glassy films for VIS and FTIR Applications
Authors: Ibraheem Awad A , Aly K A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Different

(
G
e
Z
n
)

100
−
x

S

e

x

9
≤
x
≤
25

a
t
%

chalcogenide films have been thermally evaporated onto cleaned glass substrates. The film transmission (T) and reflection (R) spectra have been measured over the wavelength spectral range (0.3–2.5 μm). The composition dependence of the optical band gap (E

g
) has been illustrated and interpreted in the light of the Mott and Davies Model (MDM). The linear correlation between the changes in the optical band gap (ΔEg) and in the band tail parameter (

Δ

B

) confirmed the disorder’s decrease, which explains the observed increase in E

g
values with increasing Se concentrations. The dispersion and Sellmeier parameters have been determined and well discussed. A clear blueshift was observed throughout the observed decrease in values of λo and no and the observed shift of the absorption edge to the short wavelengths. The GZS films are transparent in the visible, near- and far-infrared, which makes these glasses suitable for VIS and infrared applications.
Study on the temperature effect on line-scan profile of nanorods under electron irradiation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Zhiyao , Li Dengmei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is widely used in imaging rather than for thermometry. In this work, the temperature-dependent line-scan profiles for two systems (one gold (Au) nanorod (Au-NR) and one silicon (Si) nanorod (Si-NR) on Si substrate, respectively) were investigated by a simulation approach. Various electron signals (secondary electron (SE) and backscattering electron (BSE)) were recorded with different values of temperature at various primary electron (PE) energies. It is found that the SE line-scan profile varies with the temperature and the size of the NR. However, the BSE line-scan profile is almost unchanged with temperature for the Au/Si system, but remarkably varied for the Si/Si system. The deposited energies contributed by full electrons, PEs and cascaded electrons as functions of depth and radial direction at different temperatures for these two systems were also investigated. It was concluded that the influences of the temperature of a solid on the scattering processes of PEs and cascaded electrons are different. Possible mechanisms were systematically analyzed based on the theory of electron-solid interaction. Finally, the temperature effect on the size measurement based on a line-scan profile was also investigated through the regression to baseline method. It was found that the broaden value slightly increases with temperature. This work poses a potential possibility of measuring the temperature of nanostructures by acquiring the temperature-dependent line-scan profile by a standard SEM.
Anisotropic inflation in non-minimal kinetic coupling model
Authors: Goodarzi Parviz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study anisotropic inflation in non-minimal derivative coupling model where the scalar field non-minimally coupled to the U(1) gauge
fields and derivative of the scalar field non-minimally coupled to the Einstein tensor.
Within the framework we find power-law anisotropic solutions in this model when both the inflaton potential and the gauge kinetic function are power-law type in the high friction regime.
We show the ratio of anisotropy to the expansion rate is nearly constant, small and proportional to the slow-roll parameters of the theory.
As a demonstration, we consider numerically calculation of the model to show that the behavior of anisotropy by changing the parameters of the model for quadratic inflationary potential.
There is anisotropic attractor solution for a wide range of values of the model parameters.
We show both numerically and analytically that there are two phases of inflation, similar to those an anisotropic inflation in minimal coupling model, isotropic and anisotropic phase.
We can change the number of e-folds corresponding to each phase of slow roll inflation by changing the gauge coupling constant or non-minimal derivative coupling constant.
There are the best agreement with the numerically solutions and analytically solutions in this investigation.
Model-based impurity emission front control using deuterium fueling and nitrogen seeding in TCV
Authors: Koenders J.T.W. , Perek A. , Kool B. , Février O. , Ravensbergen T. , Galperti C. , Duval B.P. , Theiler C. , van Berkel M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the first result using nitrogen-seeded exhaust feedback control of the NII impurity emission front in TCV. The NII emission front position is consistently located below its commonly used CIII counterpart, indicating the NII emission front is representative of a colder plasma region. We demonstrate control of the NII impurity emission front position for two cases: (a) using nitrogen seeding as the sole actuator, and (b) using deuterium fueling as an actuator while injecting a small amount of nitrogen that remains a trace impurity. For sole nitrogen actuation, peak target current density is significantly reduced when the NII emission front approaches the x-point (≈50% for the NII front at the halfway point). When actuating with deuterium, peak target current density is less affected, which is explained by changes in fueling engendering a different scrape-off-layer plasma density. Perturbative (system identification) experiments show that nitrogen actuation induces a stronger, but slower, response of the NII emission front than deuterium actuation. Moving the NII emission front back to the target after pushing it towards the x-point has proven difficult, where both the NII front position and total radiated power do not reach pre-seeding conditions within the discharge time following termination of nitrogen injection. This result highlights the need to account for impurity retention for such seeded discharges in exhaust control strategies.
CFD modelling of a fan with a cycloidal rotor
Authors: Staśko T , Majkut M , Dykas S , Smołka K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite the wide possibilities of using a cycloidal rotor in the form of propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), cycloidal propellers for sea-going ships, rotors of wind turbines or sea or river cycloidal energy converters, there is practically no research on the use of this solution in the form of a cycloidal rotor fan (CRF) for HVAC (heat, ventilation & air conditioning) applications. The main features of such a machine, compared to conventional solutions, is a possibility of changing the flow direction only by changing pitch angles of the rotor blades. This study analysed two variants of the fan, first equipped with an asymmetrical CLARK Y profile, and other with a symmetrical NACA0012. Numerical simulation of cycloidal rotor fan developed in Ansys CFX was presented, that enables the simulation of fan operation. The results obtained from CFD for both variants were compared with those obtained during experimental measurements made with the use of Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). The comparison showed good agreement between the numerical analysis and the performed experiment. Despite the operation based on the same cycloidal regulation settings and rotation speed, the fan equipped with symmetrical blades slightly more curved the flow angle than the asymmetrical one.
Liquid Phase Identification in Wet Steam Transonic Flows by Means of Measurement Methods
Authors: Shabani S , Majkut M , Dykas S , Smołka K , Cai X 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The major goal of this study is comparing the results of heterogeneous and homogeneous condensation through a CD nozzle. The experimental technique for liquid phase assessment in wet steam transonic flow is tested under real conditions in an in-house steam tunnel test rig. The flow was modelled numerically using an in-house CFD code for performing the heterogeneous and homogeneous condensation models. For the comparison between CFD results and experimental data, the static pressure distribution throughout the nozzle bottom wall were chosen. One may observe a good agreement of the CFD results with experimental data. The presented approach can be used in the future for searching the reasons for the lack of accuracy between experimental and numerical static pressure distribution in the condensing steam flows.
Development of the LES-ADM approach for combustion modelling using high-order filters
Authors: Caban Lena , Tyliszczak Artur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper focuses on the development of an approximate deconvolution method (ADM) for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent reactive flow. We derive the effective filter as a product of the LES filter and the filter induced by spatial discretization performed using high-order compact difference schemes. We analyze the accuracy of the ADM depending on the effective filter definition in the case of modelling unsteady combustion phenomena (ignition and flame extinction) in a forced homogeneous isotropic turbulent field
Wind tunnel investigations of aircraft airfoil in cruise conditions
Authors: Kaczyński P , Szwaba R , Piotrowicz M , Flaszyński P , Doerffer P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Presented work is focused on analysis of the flow over the 2D model of Airbus A320 airfoil wing in cruise phase of the flight. For this purpose the measurement channel with an airfoil model was designed and assembled in a transonic wind tunnel to obtain a similar flow pattern as in the reference two-dimensional freestream flow. Experimental investigations were conducted in the IMP PAN transonic wind tunnel with a relative narrow test section which is a novel approach in terms of these type of research. The test section was designed using CFD simulations based on 2D freestream flow for the tested wing profile and in the next step the research were continued experimentally in transonic wind tunnel with a measurement chamber width of 100 mm. This paper presents the results of reference investigations on the A320 wing profile which combines experimental tests and CFD calculations. The obtained results show that the approach presented in the paper is appropriate and the obtained flow features in the tunnel do not differ much from the freestream conditions.