bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for prolonged recovery from concussion in young patients
Authors: Cuff Steven , Maki Aaron , Feiss Robyn , Young Julie , Shi Junxin , Hautmann Amanda , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesFor young patients sustaining concussion, assessing recovery is vital in determining safe return to play. Identifying risk factors may aid clinicians in recognising patients at risk for prolonged recovery. The study objective is to identify risk factors for prolonged (>28 days) and extended (>90 days) recovery (defined as symptom duration) and analyse how these risk factors differ between the two groups.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed electronic health record data (n=4937) among patients aged 10–18 years collected at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Sports Medicine concussion clinics between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities (eg, prior psychiatric diagnoses, prior concussions) and injury characteristics (eg, loss of consciousness, injury setting). We examined patient risk factors for prolonged (>28 days) and/or extended (>90 days) recovery using modified Poisson regression models.ResultsFactors associated with increased risk of prolonged recovery from concussion included prior concussions (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.38) for two concussions (ARR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.61), for >3, and higher initial symptom score (ARR 2.57, 95% CI 2.34 to 2.83) for postconcussion symptom (PCS) scores 21–60 (ARR 2.89, 95% CI 2.54 to 3.29), for PCS>60. Risk factors for extended recovery included history of concussion (ARR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.06) for two concussions (ARR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.62), for >3 and older age (15–18 years, ARR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.18). Additionally, comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increased risk of prolonged recovery (ARR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.29) while anxiety increased risk for extended recovery (ARR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.95).ConclusionOverall, risk factors for prolonged recovery differ somewhat from risk factors for extended recovery. For patients who present to clinic with concussion, mental health is an important consideration which may impact the timeline for symptom recovery.
Molecular characterisation of Hb Akron [β52 (D3) Asp→Val] combined with thalassaemia in a Chinese family
Authors: He Sheng , Wang Bolian , Yi Shang , Huang Zhenyan , Liang Lifang , Peng Zhenren , Song Pengshu , Chen Biyan , Chen Faqin , Wei Hongwei 
Published: September 2022

AimsHb Akron (HBB:c.158A>T) is a rare β-chain variant and many characteristics about its clinical features still remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular and haematological characterisations of previously undescribed states for Hb Akron associated with different forms of thalassaemia.MethodsHaematology and genetic analysis were performed in 9 members from a Chinese Zhuang ethnic family.ResultsHb Akron in various combinations with β0-thalassaemia and α0-thalassaemia were identified and characterised. Simple heterozygote for Hb Akron is asymptomatic, while the compound heterozygotes of Hb Akron associated with the β0-thalassaemia mutation generates a more severe haematological phenotype than Hb Akron or β0-thalassaemia mutation seen in isolation. The specific peak of Hb Akron appears at Zone D (195–225 s) in the state of heterozygote and compound heterozygote on haemoglobin capillary electrophoresis device, and the reduction of Hb Akron level in heterozygotes is proportional to the degree of α-globin gene deficiency.ConclusionsWe have for the first time described the genetic and haematological characteristics of Hb Akron combined with different thalassaemia mutations, which will provide useful information for genetic counselling and prenatal diagnostic service of this mutation in a population with high prevalence of thalassaemia.
Tumor-associated macrophage-specific CD155 contributes to M2-phenotype transition, immunosuppression, and tumor progression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Liang Rongpu , Lan Tianyun , Ding Dongbing , Huang Shengxin , Shao Jun , Zheng Zongheng , Chen Tufeng , Huang Yong , Liu Jianpei , Pathak Janak L , Wei Hongbo , Wei Bo 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundOnco-immunogenic molecule CD155 is overexpressed in various tumor microenvironments (TME) including in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in CRC TME and play a vital role in CRC progression and metastasis. Most studies have focused on investigating the role of CRC cell-specific CD155 on CRC progression, while the contribution of TAMs-specific CD155 is still unknown. Here, we sought to investigate the expression pattern of CD155 in CRC TAMs and its role in tumor immunity and progression.MethodsCD155 expression patterns in CRC TAMs and macrophages in paratumor or adjacent normal tissue were analyzed in 50 patients with CRC using flow cytometry and in 141 patients with CRC using immunohistochemistry. The correlation of CD155 expression level in TAMs with M1 and M2 phenotypic transition was analyzed. The role of macrophage-specific CD155 in CRC progression and tumor immune response was investigated in vitro and in vivo. We further analyzed the effect of CRC cells on the regulation of CD155 expression in macrophages.ResultsCRC TAMs from clinical samples showed robustly higher expression of CD155 than macrophages from paratumor and adjacent normal tissues. The CD155 expression level was higher in TAMs of CRC at III/IV stages compared with the I/II stages and was negatively associated with the survival of patients with CRC. CD155+TAMs showed an M2 phenotype and higher expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. CD155+macrophages promoted CRC cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth supporting the findings from the clinical tissue analysis. This effect was mainly regulated by TGF-β-induced STAT3 activation-mediated release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)2 and MMP9 in CRC cells. CD155–⁄–bone marrow transplantation in wild-type mice, as well as CD155– macrophages treatment, promoted the antitumor immune response in the mice ectopic CRC model. Additionally, CRC cells released IL-4 to trigger CD155 expression in macrophages indicating the regulatory role of CRC cells in the development of CD155+TAMs.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that CD155+TAMs are responsible for the M2-phenotype transition, immunosuppression, and tumor progression in CRC. The specific localization of CD155+TAMs in CRC tissue could turn into a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
FBW7-mediated ubiquitination and destruction of PD-1 protein primes sensitivity to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Wei Lingyun , Hu Nan , Wang Dong , Ni Juan , Zhang Sha , Liu Hongbing , Lv Tangfeng , Yin Jie , Ye Mingxiang , Song Yong 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundActivation of the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has been extensively described as a pivotal mechanism to escape immune surveillance and elicits suppressive effect on antitumor immunity. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction by checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to result in tumor shrinkage and prolong patient survival. However, regulatory machinery for PD-1/PD-L1 expression is largely unknown.MethodsWe used bioinformatic tools and biochemical methods to investigate the significance of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBW7) in regulating PD-1 protein stability. By generating a panel of FBW7 and PD-1 encoding plasmids, we expressed FBW7 and PD-1 or their mutants to performed immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting assays. The efficacy of cotargeting FBW7 to enhance antitumor immunity was evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. These laboratory findings were further validated in tumor samples obtained from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).ResultsWe identified FBW7 as a E3 ubiquitin ligase for PD-1 protein, in which FBW7 promotes the K48-linked polyubiquitination of PD-1 protein at Lys233 residue. Cotargeting FBW7 accelerates PD-1 protein degradation and enhances antitumor immunity in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Ser261 residue primes PD-1 protein nucleus translocation and binding with FBW7. Higher expression of FBW7 characterizes a ‘hot’ tumor microenvironment and confers more favorable responses to PD-1 blockade therapy.ConclusionsThis study highlights the critical role of FBW7 in determining PD-1 protein stability. FBW7 ubiquitinates PD-1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, as a consequence, leading to PD-1 protein degradation and cytotoxic lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Screening FBW7 status would predict clinical response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC, and targeting FBW7 is a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity.
Generation andin vivovalidation of an IL-12 fusion protein based on a novel anti-human FAP monoclonal antibody
Authors: Nadal Lisa , Peissert Frederik , Elsayed Abdullah , Weiss Tobias , Look Thomas , Weller Michael , Piro Geny , Carbone Carmine , Tortora Giampaolo , Matasci Mattia , Favalli Nicholas , Corbellari Riccardo , Di Nitto Cesare , Prodi Eleonora , Libbra Chiara , Galeazzi Simone , Carotenuto Claudiopietro , Halin Cornelia , Puca Emanuele , Neri Dario , De Luca Roberto 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIn this study, we describe the generation of a fully human monoclonal antibody (named ‘7NP2’) targeting human fibroblast activation protein (FAP), an antigen expressed in the microenvironment of different types of solid neoplasms.Methods7NP2 was isolated from a synthetic antibody phage display library and was improved by one round of mutagenesis-based affinity maturation. The tumor recognition properties of the antibody were validated by immunofluorescence procedures performed on cancer biopsies from human patients. A fusion protein consisting of the 7NP2 antibody linked to interleukin (IL)-12 was generated and the anticancer activity of the murine surrogate product (named mIL12-7NP2) was evaluated in mouse models. Furthermore, the safety of the fully human product (named IL12-7NP2) was evaluated inCynomolgusmonkeys.ResultsBiodistribution analysis in tumor-bearing mice confirmed the ability of the product to selectively localize to solid tumors while sparing healthy organs. Encouraged by these results, therapy studies were conductedin vivo, showing a potent antitumor activity in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models of cancer, both as single agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The fully human product was tolerated when administered to non-human primates.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this work provided a rationale for future clinical translation activities using IL12-7NP2.
Different humoral but similar cellular responses of patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases under disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Andreica Ioana , Blazquez-Navarro Arturo , Sokolar Jan , Anft Moritz , Kiltz Uta , Pfaender Stephanie , Vidal Blanco Elena , Westhoff Timm , Babel Nina , Stervbo Ulrik , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe effect of different modes of immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of immunosuppressive therapies on humoral and cellular responses after two-dose vaccination.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis treated with TNFi, IL-17i (biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, b-DMARDs), Janus-kinase inhibitors (JAKi) (targeted synthetic, ts-DMARD) or methotrexate (MTX) (conventional synthetic DMARD, csDMARD) alone or in combination were included. Almost all patients received mRNA-based vaccine, four patients had a heterologous scheme. Neutralising capacity and levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein were evaluated together with quantification of activation markers on T-cells and their production of key cytokines 4 weeks after first and second vaccination.Results92 patients were included, median age 50 years, 50% female, 33.7% receiving TNFi, 26.1% IL-17i, 26.1% JAKi (all alone or in combination with MTX), 14.1% received MTX only. Although after first vaccination only 37.8% patients presented neutralising antibodies, the majority (94.5%) developed these after the second vaccination. Patients on IL17i developed the highest titres compared with the other modes of action. Co-administration of MTX led to lower, even if not significant, titres compared with b/tsDMARD monotherapy. Neutralising antibodies correlated well with IgG titres against SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein. T-cell immunity revealed similar frequencies of activated T-cells and cytokine profiles across therapies.ConclusionsEven after insufficient seroconversion for neutralising antibodies and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein in patients with AIRDs on different medications, a second vaccination covered almost all patients regardless of DMARDs therapy, with better outcomes in those on IL-17i. However, no difference of bDMARD/tsDMARD or csDMARD therapy was found on the cellular immune response.
Towards tobacco-free retailers: feasibility of an intervention encouraging retailers to stop selling tobacco in Tasmania
Authors: Smith Abby L , Mihrshahi Seema , Martin-Gall Veronica A , Brkic Marina , Veitch Mark G , Freeman Becky 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDespite calls for greater emphasis on tobacco supply reduction strategies, limited evidence of interventions (regulatory and non-regulatory) to reduce tobacco retailer numbers exists. This study investigated the feasibility of a real-world, non-regulatory intervention to encourage low volume tobacco retailers to stop selling, in a jurisdiction with a tobacco retailer licensing system.InterventionBetween December 2018 and 2019, low volume tobacco retailers (n=164) were exposed to multiple intervention elements (eg, postcard and letter mail-out, onsite visit) focused on the business benefits of stopping selling, in the lead up to their tobacco licence expiry date. The intervention was delivered in Tasmania, Australia in a region characterised by socioeconomic disadvantage, high smoking rates and density of tobacco retailers.MethodsFor this mixed-methods study we collected data through implementation records on 164 retailers and postintervention interviews with 21 retailers to explore intervention implementation, awareness, acceptability, usefulness and actions taken.ResultsRetailers were able to recall the intervention, specifically messages focused on the business-related reasons to stop selling tobacco. Of the 107 retailers that the project officer spoke with onsite or via telephone, the majority (72%) accepted phase I components. The intervention introduced some retailers to the concept of ending tobacco sales, which made them stop and consider this option. Of the 164 retailers exposed to the intervention, 18 (11%) retailers ended tobacco sales.ConclusionOur study suggests that a non-regulatory intervention targeting low volume retailers to end tobacco sales may help to reduce the retail availability of tobacco.
Longitudinal bidirectional association between youth electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in Thailand
Authors: Patanavanich Roengrudee , Worawattanakul Methavee , Glantz Stanton 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis study quantifies the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and subsequent conventional cigarette initiation and vice versa among Thai youths.MethodsData from a longitudinal survey of 6045 Thai seventh grade students with baseline in 2019 and the 12-month follow-up in 2020 were analysed using complex survey multivariate logistic regressions to assess whether e-cigarette use was associated with subsequent cigarette smoking (ever, current and dual product users at follow-up) among baseline never smokers.ResultsConsistent with prior findings from other countries, among those who had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, ever e-cigarette users were more likely to try cigarette smoking (adjusted OR 4.44; 95% CI 2.23 to 8.86; p<0.001), or become dual users (adjusted OR 5.31; 95% CI 2.63 to 10.74; p<0.001) 1 year later. Baseline current e-cigarette users were more likely to become ever smokers (adjusted OR 5.37; 95% CI 1.82 to 15.90; p=0.005), current smokers (OR 3.92; 95% CI 1.69 to 9.14; p=0.003) and dual product users (adjusted OR 6.96; 95% CI 1.54 to 31.38; p=0.015) at the 12-month follow-up than non-e-cigarette users. Similarly, among never e-cigarette users at baseline, ever cigarette smoking were more likely to try e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.66 to 6.88; p=0.002), currently use e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.47 to 5.13; p=0.003) and currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (adjusted OR 4.87; 95% CI 2.92 to 8.13; p<0.001) at the follow-up than never smokers. Among never e-cigarette users at baseline, current-cigarette smoking were more likely to try e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 6.21; 95% CI 2.58 to 14.95; p<0.001), currently use e-cigarettes (adjusted OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.27 to 6.14; p=0.014) and currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (adjusted OR 7.70; 95% CI 3.45 to 17.19; p<0.001) at the follow-up than never smokers.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study in Asian low-income and middle-income countries supports the prospective association of youth e-cigarette use with subsequent smoking initiation and youth cigarette use with subsequent e-cigarette initiation that is similar to that observed in high-income Western countries.
On generators and defining relations of quantum affine superalgebra Uq(𝔰𝔩̂m|n)
Authors: Lin Hongda , Yamane Hiroyuki , Zhang Honglian 
Published: September 2022

Two presentations of quantum affine superalgebras were introduced by Yamane in [On defining relations of affine Lie superalgebras and affine quantized universal enveloping superalgebras, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 35 (1999) 321–390], which were called Drinfeld–Jimbo realization and Drinfeld realization. Drinfeld realization contains infinite sequences of generators and relations. In this paper, we consider the Drinfeld realization of quantum affine superalgebra [Formula: see text] associated to type [Formula: see text] and define a simple algebra [Formula: see text] generated by only a finite part of these sequences of quantum affine superalgebra [Formula: see text]. We show that the algebra [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the quantum affine superalgebra [Formula: see text]. Using the above isomorphism, we prove there exists an isomorphism between the two realizations.
Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processing
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Yuan Weizhe , Fu Jinlan , Jiang Zhengbao , Hayashi Hiroaki , Neubig Graham 
Published: September 2022

This article surveys and organizes research works in a new paradigm in natural language processing, which we dub “prompt-based learning.” Unlike traditional supervised learning, which trains a model to take in an input

x

and predict an output

y

as
P
(

y|x

), prompt-based learning is based on language models that model the probability of text directly. To use these models to perform prediction tasks, the original input

x

is modified using a
template
into a textual string
prompt

x′

that has some unfilled slots, and then the language model is used to probabilistically fill the unfilled information to obtain a final string

x̂

, from which the final output

y

can be derived. This framework is powerful and attractive for a number of reasons: It allows the language model to be
pre-trained
on massive amounts of raw text, and by defining a new prompting function the model is able to perform
few-shot
or even
zero-shot
learning, adapting to new scenarios with few or no labeled data. In this article, we introduce the basics of this promising paradigm, describe a unified set of mathematical notations that can cover a wide variety of existing work, and organize existing work along several dimensions, e.g., the choice of pre-trained language models, prompts, and tuning strategies. To make the field more accessible to interested beginners, we not only make a systematic review of existing works and a highly structured typology of prompt-based concepts but also release other resources, e.g., a website
NLPedia–Pretrain
including constantly updated survey and paperlist.
CTA Study of Ruptured Aneurysms of the Posterior Communicating Artery
Authors: Zhou Zibo , Yu Jinlu 
Published: September 2022

Background. Only a few reported studies have used computed tomography angiography (CTA) to image ruptured aneurysms at the junction of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and posterior communicating artery (PcomA) in the context of the adjacent arteries. Therefore, we performed such a study using a GE Workstation. Methods. The parameters of each aneurysm and its adjacent arteries were measured. Then, statistical assessments were performed to compare the parameters of the aneurysm side and the lesion-free (control) side. Results. Sixty-three patients were included in this study. The average age was

62.1
±
11.0

years, and the ratio of males to females was 0.8 : 1. The measurement results showed that the mean aneurysmal height was

5.2
±
2.3

mm, the mean width was

4.7
±
2.2

mm, and the mean neck width was

4.5
±
1.9

mm. On the aneurysm side, the intradural ICA diameter was

4.34
±
0.90

mm, and the diameter of the ICA at its termination was

3.55
±
0.72

mm. A fetal-type PcomA was found in 52.4% of aneurysms. The other measured parameters were also provided. Statistical results showed that the height of the aneurysm was larger than the width (

P
<
0.05

). The intradural ICA diameter, the ICA diameter at termination, the intradural ICA length, and the angle between the ICA and PcomA were larger in the aneurysm group than in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. This CTA study showed that the ruptured PcomA aneurysm was often wide-necked, nonspherical, and approximately 5 mm in size. In the presence of a ruptured PcomA aneurysm, the affected intradural ICA became thicker and longer than the contralateral control ICA, and the aneurysm significantly reduced the angle between the ICA and the PcomA.