bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bison movements change with weather: Implications for their continued conservation in the Anthropocene
Authors: McMillan Nicholas A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Luttbeg Barney , Goodman Laura E. , Davis Craig A. , Allred Brady W. , Hamilton Robert G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnimal movement patterns are affected by complex interactions between biotic and abiotic landscape conditions, and these patterns are being altered by weather variability associated with a changing climate. Some animals, like the American plains bison (Bison bison L.; hereafter, plains bison), are considered keystone species, thus their response to weather variability may alter ecosystem structure and biodiversity patterns. Many movement studies of plains bison and other ungulates have focused on point‐pattern analyses (e.g., resource‐selection) that have provided information about where these animals move, but information about when or why these animals move is limited. For example, information surrounding the influence of weather on plains bison movement in response to weather is limited but has important implications for their conservation in a changing climate. To explore how movement distance is affected by weather patterns and drought, we utilized 12‐min GPS data from two of the largest plains bison herds in North America to model their response to weather and drought parameters using generalized additive mixed models. Distance moved was best predicted by air temperature, wind speed, and rainfall. However, air temperature best explained the variation in distance moved compared to any other single parameter we measured, predicting a 48% decrease in movement rates above 28°C. Moreover, severe drought (as indicated by 25‐cm depth soil moisture) better predicted movement distance than moderate drought. The strong influence of weather and drought on plains bison movements observed in our study suggest that shifting climate and weather will likely affect plains bison movement patterns, further complicating conservation efforts for this wide‐ranging keystone species. Moreover, changes in plains bison movement patterns may have cascading effects for grassland ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. Plains bison and grassland conservation efforts need to be proactive and adaptive when considering the implications of a changing climate on bison movement patterns.
Comparison of soil microbial community structure and function for karst tiankeng with different degrees of degradation
Authors: Jiang Cong , Zeng Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKarst tiankengs are oases in degraded karst landscapes and act as repositories for biodiversity conservation; however, knowledge about the bacterial and fungal structure and function of the karst tiankeng ecosystems is limited. This study investigated the microbial communities in three different tiankeng (nondegraded, moderately degraded, and heavily degraded tiankeng) by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. We found that the degradation of karst tiankeng can lead to changes in microbial community structure and functions, while there are differences in bacterial and fungal responses. There were significant differences in bacterial and fungal community composition and beta diversity in the three tiankeng soils. Random molecular ecological network analysis results indicated that a more complex and stable bacterial network existed in nondegraded tiankeng, while more complex fungal networks existed in moderately degraded tiankeng. The keystones of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota played essential roles in maintaining soil function and stability. The functional profiles revealed that tiankeng habitat changes may affect microbial survival strategies, such as increasing gene abundance associated with the carbon cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first report on bacterial and fungal communities in different degrees of karst tiankeng, which provides crucial insights into our understanding of the microbial communities' structure and potential function in karst tiankeng ecosystems.
Hypopigmentation in mantled howler monkeys Alouatta palliata (gray 1849): First documented cases of whole‐body leucism in South America
Authors: Barros‐Diaz Cristian , Vela Silvia , Gallo‐Pérez Abel , Chiquito Manuel , Cornejo Xavier , Mosquera‐Muñoz Denis , Perez‐Correa Julian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe existence of hypopigmentation like leucism is the result of genetic anomalies that might be enhanced by external factors such as pollution. This anomaly may reduce survival rates. Leucism has been recorded in wildlife, but overall, it is considered very rare. There have been few records of mantled howler monkeys with leucism in Mexico and Costa Rica, but whole‐body leucism in howler monkeys from South America was unknown. In this article, we report for the first‐time documented cases of whole‐body leucism in young individuals of mantled howler monkeys Alouatta palliata in an isolated remanent of tropical dry forest in southwestern Ecuador known as Cerro Blanco Protective Forest. In total, we found two juvenile individuals with leucism in October 2021. The report of howler monkeys with whole‐body leucism may be caused by two processes: inbreeding because of isolated populations, environmental pressure caused by pollution, or the interaction of both. Our findings also reveal that hypopigmentation is becoming more frequent in howler monkey populations along its distributional range. Therefore, it is important to promote research in this field to disentangle the causes of hypopigmentation and to consider a regional management strategy for the species.
Long‐term monitoring of Mount St. Helens micrometeorology
Authors: Che‐Castaldo Christian , Crisafulli Charlie M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens had profound impacts on the geology, hydrology, and ecology of its surrounding landscapes. Consequently, the event provided a unique opportunity to study ecological change over time in relation to abiotic factors. To better assess the role localized environmental conditions play in these larger processes, we have monitored micrometeorological conditions across six disturbance zones on Mount St. Helens created by the eruption. We deployed 823 environmental sensors at 191 sites from 1997 to 2022 to measure the temperature and relative humidity of aquatic (temperature only) and terrestrial habitats in these areas, collecting over 4.2 million measurements in total. Measurements were typically recorded every 30 min from late spring through mid‐fall, with the exception being Spirit Lake, where temperatures have been measured hourly on a year‐round basis since 2002. These data have been used to address two broad research questions: (1) how small‐scale environmental conditions influence patterns of survivorship and/or establishment on Mount St. Helens post‐eruption for a range of organisms, including plants, small mammals, birds, amphibians, arthropods, fish, and other aquatic biota, and (2) to quantify and compare these environmental conditions across different disturbance zones, which vary in disturbance type, intensity, and history of post‐eruption secondary disturbances. Due to the repeatability of these measurements over many years, these data lend themselves to exploring the relationship between forest succession and microclimate, especially with respect to forest‐dwelling organisms whose spread and demography are sensitive to temperature and relative humidity. In addition, this dataset could be used to investigate additional questions related to early succession, disturbance ecology, climate change, or volcano ecology. This dataset is available in the R data package MSHMicroMetR, which also includes an R Shiny data visualization and exploration tool. There is no copyright on the data; please cite this data paper Ecology when using these data.
Comprehensive evaluation of distribution network project cost management level based on optimized random forest
Authors: Bai Chunye , Qi Yi , Sun Geng , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, by analyzing the content and characteristics of the cost management of the distribution network project, the evaluation index system of the cost management level is formulated first. Gini index in random forest algorithm and analytic hierarchy process are used to analyze the influencing factors of the cost management level of distribution network project from quantitative and qualitative aspects. The results show that design change and on‐site visa management have a great impact on management level, while project advance payment management has a relatively small impact. Based on the above analysis results, this article simplifies the indicators, so as to optimize the random forest model. After verification, the optimized model can improve the efficiency of evaluation, on the other hand, it can effectively improve the accuracy of evaluation, ensure the scientificity of evaluation, and provide reference for improving the cost management of distribution network project.
Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Lipid Impairment in the Liver of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Carbendazim
Authors: Costa Raíssa M. , Matos e Chaib Victória R. , Domingues Anderson G. , Rubio Karina T. S. , Martucci Maria Elvira Poleti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carbendazim is a systemic fungicide used in several countries, particularly in Brazil. However, studies suggest that it is related to the promotion of tumors, endocrine disruption, and toxicity to organisms, among other effects. As a result, carbendazim is not allowed in the United States, Australia, and some European Union countries. Therefore, further studies are necessary to evaluate its effects, and zebrafish is a model routinely used to provide relevant information regarding the acute and long-term effects of xenobiotics. In this way, zebrafish water tank samples (water samples from aquari containing zebrafish) and liver samples from animals exposed to carbendazim at a concentration of 120 μg/L were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, followed by multivariate and univariate statistical analyses, using the metabolomics approach. Our results suggest impairment of lipid metabolism with a consequent increase in intrahepatic lipids and endocrine disruption. Furthermore, the results suggest two endogenous metabolites as potential biomarkers to determine carbendazim exposure. Finally, the present study showed that it is possible to use zebrafish water tank samples to assess the dysregulation of endogenous metabolites to understand biological effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:437–448. © 2022 SETAC
Effects of impurities in the cathode airflow on proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks
Authors: Schmid Michael A. , Wagner Tim , Wiedemann Benjamin , Scholta Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuel cells for mobile applications obtain their oxygen from the ambient air in road traffic. This air has contaminations of various impurities that can have negative effects on the lifetime of fuel cell systems in vehicles. The identified most relevant contaminants are toluene, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide. A modified test bench enables different dosages of the above‐mentioned pollutant gas concentrations on the cathode side. We examined influences both in static cycles for quasi‐steady states and in dynamic cycles for rapid load changes to examine reversible and irreversible degradation effects. We showed that the harmful cathode gases examined could lead to a shortening of the service life of fuel cells. Whereas this is well known for higher concentrations of pollutants, this contribution provides data in the sub‐ppm range – including the effects of gas mixtures – for which literature data is still limited.Additionally, a physical fuel cell model is developed to analyze the effects of various contaminants. The overall intention is to determine acceptable contamination levels and thereby increase the lifetime of fuel cells with the help of simulations. The presented model allows for the computation of cell voltage dependent on cathode side media conditions.
Grand Paris Express Lot 16 – Sustainable infrastructure development in Paris
Authors: Bischoff Jean‐Luc , Eberli Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Grand Paris Express is an urban infrastructure project in the Paris agglomeration. The outer districts, which will be enlarged with 70,000 new flats per year, are to be connected to the public transport network of the core city. At the same time, various economic centres are planned around the city, similar to the La Défense banking centre. The metro lines connect the suburban railways, three airports and various TGV stations as a large ring and with direct connections to other transport hubs. The 19.3 km Grand Paris Express Line 16.1 connects the suburbs north and east of Paris in the Seine‐Saint‐Denis department. The cramped construction sites require modern construction processes that are sustainable and can be implemented quickly. For the fully automatic and completely underground line the client, Société du Grand Paris (SGP), is using segmental linings made of steel fibre concrete. The designer Egis, the contractor Eiffage Génie Civil and the segment manufacturer Bonna Sabla optimised the original solution of the 9.5 m ring in terms of productivity and quality in order to complete the construction site within SGP's desired schedule. For the MC2010 performance class, the segments use C50/60 concrete reinforced with 40 kg/m3 of Dramix high performance steel fibres. The 0.75 mm thin fibres, with a tensile strength of more than 1800 N/mm2, form a massive network of 11.6 km fibres/m3 concrete. The entire project also saves over 10,000 t of CO2 due to less steel consumption.
Composite Animals: Then and Now
Authors: Hinterberger Amy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the early twentieth century, the term “chimera” has been used to describe many experimental composite plants and animals. Composite animals and embryos, involving the transfer of cells from different species to make chimeras, continue to be a fundamental cornerstone of biomedical research. However, the twenty‐first century appears to be offering a new role for composite animals. Over the last fifteen to twenty years, composite animals and embryos have taken on a different form of life—an institutional life. With this institutional life, I argue, comes an opportunity to recast differences between humans and other animals and to reconsider how research on human health is governed.
Human, Nonhuman, and Chimeric Research: Considering Old Issues with New Research
Authors: Sebo Jeff , Parent Brendan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman‐nonhuman chimeric research—research on nonhuman animals who contain human cells—is being used to understand human disease and development and to create potential human treatments such as transplantable organs. A proposed advantage of chimeric models is that they can approximate human biology and therefore allow scientists to learn about and improve human health without risking harms to humans. Among the emerging ethical issues being explored is the question of at what point chimeras are “human enough” to have human rights and thus be owed higher standards of research protection than that currently afforded to nonhuman animals. However, this question and other related questions assume that the ethics of experimenting on nonhuman animals have been settled, which they have not. In this essay, we argue that it is imperative to give adequate attention to familiar questions about nonhuman animal research as well as new questions about chimera research and that failure to do so will result in a distorted understanding of the ethics of chimera research.
How Chimeric Animal Research Impacts Animal Welfare: A Conversation with Animal Welfare Experts
Authors: Craig Kaitlynn P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this conversation, four experts in animal research oversight—Christopher Stodgell, Lori Hill, Robert Kesterson, and Angelika Rehrig—discuss the complexities of stem cell‐based chimeric animal experiments, especially in relation to traditional animal welfare practices. Each expert shares their experiences and suggestions for how best to conduct chimeric animal research, including discussing the importance of communication and collaboration between experts in animal behavior and welfare and the investigators conducting or proposing chimeric research studies.
Perspectives on the Monod model in biological wastewater treatment
Authors: Plattes Mario , Lahore Hector Marcelo Fernandez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Monod model has been widely used in activated sludge and biofilm models to mathematically describe the kinetics of microbial growth. Mathematical models of biological systems can be distinguished according to their dimensionality as zero‐dimensional (0D), one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D). The Monod model is a 0D model, which does not take cell (aggregate) structure into account, yet has been used in different ways in activated sludge and biofilm modelling: In activated sludge modelling, it is used in its original sense (i.e. 0D), whilst in dimensional biofilm modelling, it is used to model intrinsic kinetics in the biofilm and thus in 1D, 2D and 3D. We believe that the latter is not the correct use of the Monod model, because both activated sludge and biofilm systems consist of similar cell aggregates that both feature concentration gradients. Diffusional mass transfer limitations are manifested by the values of kinetic parameters in the Monod model and should not be described explicitly by Fick's laws of diffusion. The 0D concept has been adopted in state‐of‐the‐art activated sludge models and more recently in 0D biofilm models. Measured kinetic parameters can be directly transferred to 0D models. The application of Fick's second law of diffusion in combination with the Monod model (i.e. the reaction–diffusion equation) therefore becomes irrelevant. In this manner, the Monod equation becomes a simple, universal approach to modelling that contains variable parameters. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Suppression of PD‐L1 release from small extracellular vesicles promotes systemic anti‐tumor immunity by targeting ORAI1 calcium channels
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Ren , Zhang Yao , Wang Xiaoxuan , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , Ma Lijuan , Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Liu Liang , Neher Erwin , Yu Haijie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlockade of immune checkpoints as a strategy of cancer cells to overcome the immune response has received ample attention in cancer research recently. In particular, expression of PD‐L1 by various cancer cells has become a paradigm in this respect. Delivery of PD‐L1 to its site of action occurs either by local diffusion, or else by transport via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, commonly referred to as exosomes). Many steps of sEVs formation, their packaging with PD‐L1 and their release into the extracellular space have been studied in detail. The likely dependence of release on Ca2+‐signaling, however, has received little attention. This is surprising, since the intracellular Ca2+‐concentration is known as a prominent regulator of many secretory processes. Here, we report on the roles of three Ca2+‐dependent proteins in regulating release of PD‐L1‐containing sEVs, as well as on the growth of tumors in mouse models. We show that sEVs release in cancer cell lines is Ca2+‐dependent and the knockdown of the gene coding the Ca2+‐channel protein ORAI1 reduces Ca2+‐signals and release of sEVs. Consequently, the T cell response is reinvigorated and tumor progression in mouse models is retarded. Furthermore, analysis of protein expression patterns in samples from human cancer tissue shows that the ORAI1 gene is significantly upregulated. Such upregulation is identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer. We show that reduced Ca2+‐signaling after knockdown of ORAI1 gene also compromises the activity of melanophilin and Synaptotagmin‐like protein 2, two proteins, which are important for correct localization of secretory organelles within cancer cells and their transport to sites of exocytosis. Thus, the Ca2+‐channel ORAI1 and Ca2+‐dependent proteins of the secretion pathway emerge as important targets for understanding and manipulating immune checkpoint blockade by PD‐L1.
Design, synthesis and in‐vitro evaluation of new furan‐substituted thiadiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents
Authors: Helmy Mirna T. , Sroor Farid M. , Othman Abdelmageed M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Saleh Fatma M. , Teleb Mohamed A. Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeventeen new furan‐substituted thiadiazolyl hydrazone derivatives bearing 4‐nitrophenyl moiety were designed, synthesized and tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Reaction of N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐C‐(furan‐2‐yl)methanohydrazonoyl chloride 1 with 2‐((methylthio)carbonthioyl)hydrazine derivatives 3, 7, 8 and 11–13 in absolute ethanol in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature afforded the corresponding 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 6, 9, 10 and 14–16. Refluxing of 1‐(3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐methyl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)ethan‐1‐one 17 with methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate 18 in absolute ethanol in the presence of few drops of hydrochloric acid yielded methyl‐2‐(1‐(3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐methyl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)ethylidene)hydrazine‐1‐carbodithioate 19. The compound 19 was reacted with hydrazonoyl halides 20a‐e in absolute ethanol in the presence of triethylamine afforded the corresponding 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 24a‐e. The specified compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against selected model microorganisms. Antimicrobial studies revealed that compounds 6c, 6d and 15 against E. coli, compounds 6b, 6c, 10, 14, 15, 24b and 24c against B. mycoides, and compounds 14, 16, 19 and 24d against C. albicans outperformed other developed compounds in terms of antimicrobial activity.
Who lives, who dies, who decides: Differences between mass public shooters who survive, are killed, and commit suicide
Authors: Capellan Joel A. , Silva Jason , Mills Colleen , Schmuhl Margaret 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study provides an in‐depth analysis of American mass public shooting conclusions between 1966 and 2017. Specifically, this work examines differences in factors contributing to the perpetrator's likelihood of surviving, being killed, and committing suicide. Ten hypotheses, rooted in previous homicide, suicide, homicide‐suicide, and mass public shooting literature consider different psychological, situational, and background factors shaping the outcome of mass public shootings. Significant findings indicate factors influencing perpetrators' suicide include suicidal ideation, higher victim counts, and suicide copycat effects. Factors influencing perpetrators being killed similarly include higher victim counts, the arrival of law enforcement, lethal/non‐lethal resistance, and government targets. This investigation provides practical implications for practitioners and policymakers, especially law enforcement and mental health practitioners, seeking to develop intervention and prevention strategies for addressing suicidal ideation and its most lethal outcome: mass public shootings.