bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grain refinement of Mg-14Li alloy by Sn addition and large strain rolling
Authors: Jia Haoyang , Guo Zhengyou , Wu Ruizhi , Zhang Shun 
Published: October 2022

Mg-Li alloy is the lowest density structural metal, which has great potential for various industrial applications. Although Mg-Li alloy has excellent plasticity, it has low strength and requires further strengthening. In this study, the grain size of Mg-14 wt% Li alloy was refined to 15.7 μm by the addition of 6 wt% Sn, the initial grain size of as-cast Mg-14Li alloy was 180 μm. Furthermore, the grain size of Mg-14Li-6Sn was further refined to 400 nm by the subsequent large strain rolling (LSR). The yield strength of the ultra-fine grained Mg-14Li-6Sn reached 160 MPa, and the elongation was not sacrificed but increased to 30% compared with the as-cast alloy (14%). The microstructural evolution was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The high ductility of the ultra-fine grained Mg-14Li-6Sn is attributed primarily to the dynamic recovery, and the increase in strength is mainly due to the grain refinement.
Intermediate care in caring for dementia, the point of view of general practitioners: A key informant survey across Europe
Authors: Dibao-Dina Clarisse , Oger Caroline , Foley Tony , Torzsa Péter , Lazic Vanja , Kreitmayer Peštiae Sanda , Adler Limor , Kareli Ana , Mallen Christian , Heaster Cindy , Dumitra Gindrovel , Kurpas Donata , Viegas Rita , Giezendanner Stéphanie , Tkachenko Victoria , De Lepeleire Jan , Falanga Rosario , Missiou Aristea , Jennings Aisling , Petrazzuoli Ferdinando 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIntermediate care is often defined as healthcare occurring somewhere between traditional primary (community) and secondary (hospital) care settings. High quality intermediate care is important in dementia, may prevent caregiver burnout and also lead to optimal care for people with dementia. However, very little is known about the point of intermediate care for persons with dementia in Europe.Research questionsWhat intermediate care services exist and how are they utilized in the care of people with dementia in Europe?ObjectiveThis study aims at describing the point of view of General Practitioners on intermediate care services for people with dementia across Europe.MethodsKey informant survey was sent to GPs via a self-developed questionnaire with space for open ended comments. 16 European countries participated to this cross-sectional mixed method study. Given the volunteer nature of the study, no minimum sample size requirements were applied to participation. Convenience sampling technique was used to address variations due to regional variations and regulations within the same country. Descriptive analyses of all intermediate care facilities groups by countries were performed. Qualitative analyses approach was used for the optional-free text to exemplify and/or complete the reasons contained in the closed response categories.ResultsThe questionnaire was sent to 16 European countries. 583 questionnaires were analyzed. The responding physicians were 48 (± 11) years old on average and they had been in practice for an average of 18 (+ /11) years. The types of intermediate care considered were integrated at-home services, respite and relief services, day care centers and nursing homes. Their availability was considered very inhomogeneous by the majority of respondents. The main benefits of intermediate care cited were better medical care for the patient (78%), better quality of life for the caregiver (67%), prevention of the caregiver burden (73%) and a break for the caregiver (59%). The reported difficulties were: accessing these facilities due to limited financial support (76%) and cumbersome administrative procedures (67%). Many other facets of our findings were captured in the qualitative themes that emerged.ConclusionIntermediate care in Europe is diverse and heterogeneous. Major concerns of GPs are about the cost issues and the cumbersome administrative procedures to access them.
Effect of pupil dilation on biometry measurements and intraocular lens power in eyes with high myopia
Authors: Xi Wenqun , Yang Mingmin , Wan Jinci , Wang Yuan , Qiao Yuanjiao , Huang Xiaosheng , Liu Xinhua , Fan Ning , Liu Shenwen , Zeng Kun , Chen Sheng 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe present study sought to evaluate the effects of pupil dilation on ocular parameter measurements and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using IOLMaster in highly myopic cataract patients.Materials and methodsA total of 233 eyes were included in this prospective study and assigned to four groups based on range of axial length (AL) as follows: group A:26–28 mm, group B:28–30 mm, group C:30–32 mm, and group D:32–36 mm. Flattest and steepest keratometry (K1 and K2), AL, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and white-to-white (WtW) were determined using IOLMaster before and after administration of topical tropicamide. The corresponding IOL powers were calculated using Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff/theoretical (SRK/T), Haigis, and Barrett Universal II formulas.ResultsVariations in AL, K1 and K2 following dilation were not significant (P &gt; 0.05 in all groups). The results showed that ACD increased significantly after dilation (P = 0.000 in all groups), whereas LT decreased significantly after dilation (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.003). Post-dilation WtW increased significantly in Group A, B, and C (P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.025) but not in Group D. When IOL power was calculated as a discrete variable, significant differences were observed between pre- and post-dilation IOL power.ConclusionPupil dilation in cataract eyes with high myopia does not cause significant changes in AL and K. However, it significantly increases ACD as well as WtW values and significantly decreases the LT value. Surgeons should evaluate the effect of pupil dilation on IOL power prediction as the present findings show extreme cases. Notably, Barrett Universal II formula had the best concordance between different pupil conditions in long eyes.
Effects of maternal iodine nutritional status on neurodevelopmental and cognitive function of rat offspring
Authors: Fu Min , Wu Wen , Guo Wenxing , Jin Qi , Meng Qi , Gao Yuanpeng , Yang Rui , Yang Ying , Wang Zihao , Zhang Wanqi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the effect of maternal iodine status on the brain development of offspring in rats. Since in human studies, the interference of environmental factors and other nutrients cannot be removed.Materials and methodsA total of 48 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), 10-fold high iodine (10HI), and 50-fold high iodine (50HI). The rats were killed on the 15th day of pregnancy and lactation after collecting 24-h urine. The iodine concentration in 24-h urine, blood, and placenta of pregnant rats, and 24-h urine, milk, blood, and mammary glands of lactating rats was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The thyroid hormone of pregnant and lactating rats was detected by chemiluminescence. The offspring were subjected to the Morris water maze on the 10th day after birth. Serum was collected to detect the thyroid hormone of offspring. The protein expression of neuroendocrine-specific protein (NSP)-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the offspring brain were studied.ResultsIodine storage in the placenta during pregnancy and mammary glands during lactation was positively correlated with iodine intake, and iodine storage in the placenta and mammary glands in the 50HI group was significantly higher than that in the NI group (P = 0.045 and P = 0.040). Compared with the NI group, the offspring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher in the 10HI group (P = 0.046), and the FT4 level was significantly lower in the 50HI group (P = 0.032). The Morris water maze showed that LI and 50HI groups required longer time and distance to find the platform than the NI group (P &lt; 0.001). The platform crossing numbers in the LI and 50HI groups decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.001). The expression of NSP-A in offspring brain was lower in the 10HI and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P = 0.026 and P = 0,008). BDNF expression levels were significantly lower in the LI, 10HI, and 50HI groups than in the NI group (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMaternal iodine intake affects iodine storage in the placenta and lactating mammary gland, which in turn affects thyroid function and BDNF and NSP-A expression in the offspring.
High prevalence of arthralgia among infants with Chikungunya disease during the 2019 outbreak in northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gomes Patrícia Damião , Carvalho Rayane Figueiredo Silva Moreira , Massini Milena Moulin , Garzon Rafael Hauaji , Schiavo Pollianny Louzada , Fernandes Regina Célia de Souza Campos , Louvain de Souza Thaís 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionIn a low-income setting with simultaneous presence of Dengue virus, Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the same region, the difficulty of establishing a clinical diagnosis when the molecular test is not a possibility. Thus, it is important to identify signs and symptoms of Chikungunya that can be used to differentiate it from other arboviruses in children.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, which was developed in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the analysis of pediatric medical records regarding arboviruses. Considering that the population had already been exposed to Dengue and Zika viruses and were experiencing the first notification of the CHIKV. The ethics committee approved this research, and all those legally responsible for the children signed the consent form.ResultsIn total, 159 children were seen of which 98 were suspected CHIKV cases, and 51 had their diagnosis confirmed with reagent IgM/IgG for CHIKV. The symptoms that the pediatric population with CHIKV presented most often were fever (90.2%), arthralgia (76.5%), and exanthema (62.7%) in both suspected and confirmed cases of Chikungunya. Thus, CHIKV in those children presents a clinical profile similar to those found in other studies referring to adults. Additionally, only arthralgia and a high aspartate transaminase were related to the positivity of serology for Chikungunya.ConclusionsThis study describes the signs and symptoms of CHIKV exhibited in the pediatric population with a mild and moderate presentation similar to the findings in the adult during an epidemic experienced in a population vulnerable to CHIKV.
Trunk balance, head posture and plantar pressure in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Wen Jin-Xu , Yang Hui-Hui , Han Shu-Man , Cao Lei , Wu Hui-Zhao , Yang Chen , Li Han , Chen Lin-Lin , Li Nuan-Nuan , Yu Bao-Hai , Gao Bu-Lang , Wu Wen-Juan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe relationship of trunk balance with head posture and plantar pressure is unknown in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of trunk balance with head posture and plantar pressure by analyzing the imaging data of patients with AIS.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was performed on 80 AIS patients who had whole spine frontal and lateral radiographs, and the imaging parameters were measured and analyzed.ResultsThe coronal trunk imbalance rate was 67.5%, the trunk offset direction was towards left in 65 cases and right in 15 cases, and the head offset direction was towards left in 66 cases and right in 14 cases. The sagittal trunk imbalance rate was 57.25%. The distance of apical vertebrae and head offset in the coronal trunk balance group was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) smaller than that in the imbalance group. The apical vertebrae offset distance and head offset distance were positively correlated with the tilt angle of trunk (r = 0.484 and 0.642, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). The difference in the percentage of pressure load on the left and right foot was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) greater in the coronal imbalance group than that in the balance group.The center of pressure (COP) sway area was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) larger in the overall trunk imbalance group (both coronal and sagittal imbalance) than in the balanced group.ConclusionMost AIS patients have trunk imbalance which is severer on the coronal than on the sagittal plane. AIS patients with trunk imbalance show more significant local deformities, greater head offset, greater COP sway area, and decreased head and standing stability.
The impact of oil industry-related social exclusion on community wellbeing and health in African countries
Authors: Nkem Augusta C. , Topp Stephanie M. , Devine Sue , Li Wendy Wen , Ogaji Daprim Samuel 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundOil is the mainstay revenue for a number of African countries. However, extraction can result in multiple impacts on the health and wellbeing of communities living in oil-rich areas. This review explored evidence of oil industry-related social exclusion on community health and wellbeing on the African continent.MethodsWe used a systematic approach guided by PRISMA to search six databases for empirical and descriptive sources focused on oil industry impacts, in any African country, between 1960 to 2021. Findings were grouped according to four dimensions of the Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN) framework: political, social, economic, and cultural.ResultsFifteen articles were identified, of which 13 articles focused on Nigeria; while one focused on Sudan, and one on Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. Evidence relating to political aspects of social exclusion encompassed marginalization of indigenous communities through land grabs and unequal representation in political decision making. Limited compensation for environmental damage and livelihood displacement caused by oil-extraction, and high rates of unemployment and poverty were key themes of the economic dimension. Evidence of social impacts included lack of government, or oil-industry investment in social infrastructure; poor health and wellbeing linked to land, air, and water pollution; homelessness and lack of social cohesion. The cultural dimension of social exclusion was comparatively underexplored and only six sources included data collection with indigenous residents, and comparatively more sources were written by non-citizens or non-residents of oil-industry affected areas. Major themes included impacts on collective identity, ways of life and values, particularly where loss of ownership or access to land was experienced.ConclusionOil industry activities in African countries are clearly associated with multiple exclusionary impacts. However, the narrow body of empirical research limits understanding of the lived experiences and management of social exclusion by residents of oil-rich areas themselves and is an area deserving of further attention.
Association of everyday discrimination with health outcomes among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Cruz-Gonzalez Mario , Lin Ziqiang , Ouyang Xinyi , Zhao Fengnuan , Alegría Margarita 
Published: October 2022

Increases in anti-Asian COVID-19 related discriminatory behaviors have been observed, many of which targeted older adults. Studies demonstrate that racial discrimination is associated with worse health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and sleep difficulties. No previous studies have examined the impact of day-to-day experiences of discrimination before and during COVID-19 on both Asian and non-Asian older adults within the same sample. We examined whether everyday discrimination was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, decreased levels of functioning, and increased sleep difficulties among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the pandemic. Data came from the Positive Minds-Strong Bodies randomized clinical trial, an evidence-based mental health and disability prevention intervention for racially and ethnically diverse older adults with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms and minor to moderate disability. We conducted secondary data analyses in a cohort of 165 older adults (56 Asian and 109 non-Asian) assessed before COVID-19 (May 2015-May 2018) and during COVID-19 (March 2021-July 2022). Regression models examined whether everyday discrimination impacted health outcomes differently before and during COVID-19, and whether this effect was stronger among Asian compared to non-Asian older adults. Non-Asian older adults reported the same levels of everyday discrimination before and during COVID-19. Consistent with literature suggesting that social distancing has inadvertently kept US Asian populations from experiencing discrimination, Asian older adults reported marginally lower levels of everyday discrimination during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic. We found that everyday discrimination was not associated with health outcomes before COVID-19. In contrast, during the pandemic, everyday discrimination was associated with worse anxiety and depression symptoms and worse levels of functioning, although only the impact on depression was significantly stronger compared with before the pandemic. This negative impact of everyday discrimination on health outcomes during the pandemic appeared to affect both Asian and non-Asian older adults similarly. Social support and social cohesion buffered against the negative effect of everyday discrimination on depression and level of functioning during the pandemic. Results suggest that public health interventions aimed at reducing everyday discrimination and emphasizing social support and cohesion can potentially improve health outcomes for all US older adult populations.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT02317432.
Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in elderly patients with cardiac surgery
Authors: Xie Tonghui , Xin Qi , Zhang Xing , Tong Yingmu , Ren Hong , Liu Chang , Zhang Jingyao 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, the number of elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery has rapidly increased and is associated with poor outcomes. However, there is still a lack of adequate models for predicting the risk of death after cardiac surgery in elderly patients. This study sought to identify independent risk factors for 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients after cardiac surgery and to develop a predictive model.MethodsA total of 3,752 elderly patients with cardiac surgery were enrolled from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) dataset and randomly divided into training and validation sets. The primary outcome was the all-cause mortality at 1 year. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to decrease data dimensionality and select features. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the prediction model. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to measure the predictive performance of the nomogram.ResultsOur results demonstrated that age, sex, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), respiratory rate (RR), creatinine, glucose, and RBC transfusion (red blood cell) were independent factors for elderly patient mortality after cardiac surgery. The C-index of the training and validation sets was 0.744 (95%CI: 0.707–0.781) and 0.751 (95%CI: 0.709–0.794), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) results substantiated that the nomogram yielded an excellent performance predicting the 1-year all-cause mortality after cardiac surgery.ConclusionsWe developed a novel nomogram model for predicting the 1-year all-cause mortality for elderly patients after cardiac surgery, which could be an effective and useful clinical tool for clinicians for tailored therapy and prognosis prediction.
Applying formative evaluation in the mentoring of student intern nurses in an emergency department
Authors: Zhang Yan-ru , Hu Rong-fang , Liang Tian-yu , Chen Jian-bang , Wei Yang , Xing Yan-hong , Fang Yan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of formative evaluation in the mentoring of student nursing interns in an emergency department.MethodsA total of 144 intern nursing students in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Fuzhou were selected as the study subjects from July 2020 to February 2021. Adopting quasi-experimental studies methods, the students were divided into the experiment group (n = 74) and the control group (n = 70), based on their practicing rotation times. Formative evaluation methods such as in-person interviews, clinical scenario simulations, and clinical operation skills exams were conducted in the experiment group, while traditional summative evaluation methods were adopted for the control group. At the end of the intern period, a unified examination paper on professional knowledge concerning the emergency department, a cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill assessment, and a self-rating scale of self-directed learning was employed to evaluate professional theory performance, clinical practice ability, self-directed learning ability, and academic satisfaction among the nursing students, respectively.ResultsThe professional theoretical performance, clinical practice ability assessment scores, academic satisfaction, and self-directed learning abilities of the nursing students were significantly higher in the experiment group compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe application of formative evaluation during the mentoring of student intern nurses in an emergency department improved their professional theoretical performance, clinical practice skills, academic satisfaction, and self-directed learning abilities.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and GAD: The role of risk perception and vaccination status
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhong Xiao , Fu Haojie , He Mengting , Hu Ruilin 
Published: October 2022

Background and purposeAs Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread around the world, COVID-19 vaccines are the most effective weapons against the global pandemic. Yet vaccine hesitancy remains a serious problem and can pose certain hazards to individuals' mental health, such as rising anxiety. Therefore, based on Self-Discrepancy Theory, this paper aims to explore the role of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on individual generalized anxiety disorder and its influence mechanisms through two studies.MethodsStudy one involved 654 Chinese participants using the Vaccine Hesitancy Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. In Study two, the Vaccine Hesitation Questionnaire, GAD-7 scale, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 pandemic scale, and Vaccination Status Questionnaire were used and data from 3,282 Chinese residents was collected.ResultsVaccine hesitancy directly increases generalized anxiety disorder; risk perception plays a partial mediating role between vaccine hesitancy and generalized anxiety disorder; vaccination status moderated vaccine hesitancy's effect on risk perception and generalized anxiety disorder.ConclusionVaccine hesitancy predicts generalized anxiety disorder through risk perception, but the mediating role of risk perception is moderated by vaccination status, which means that for the vaccinated group when their vaccine hesitancy is reduced, it will be easier to reduce the risk perception and thus the generalized anxiety disorder.