bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in stromal component of chordoma are associated with contrast enhancement in MRI and differential gene expression in RNA sequencing
Authors: Park Mina , Park Inho , Hong Chang-Ki , Kim Se Hoon , Cha Yoon Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChordoma is a malignant bone neoplasm demonstrating notochordal differentiation and it frequently involves axial skeleton. Most of chordomas are conventional type with varying amount of myxoid stroma. Previously known prognostic factors for conventional chordoma are not specific for chordoma: old age, metastasis, tumor extent, and respectability. Here, we aimed to investigate the histologic, radiologic, and transcriptomic differences in conventional chordoma based on the stromal component. A total of 45 patients diagnosed with conventional chordoma were selected between May 2011 and March 2020 from a single institution. Electronic medical records, pathology slides, and pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were reviewed. Of the 45 patients, ten cases (4 stroma-rich and 6 stroma-poor tumor) were selected for RNA sequencing, and available cases in the remainder were used for measuring target gene mRNA expression with qPCR for validation. Differential gene expression and gene set analysis were performed. Based on histologic evaluation, there were 25 (55.6%) stroma-rich and 20 (44.4%) stroma-poor cases. No clinical differences were found between the two groups. Radiologically, stroma-rich chordomas showed significant signal enhancement on MRI (72.4% vs 27.6%, p = 0.002). Upregulated genes in stroma-rich chordomas were cartilage-, collagen/extracellular matrix-, and tumor metastasis/progression-associated genes. Contrarily, tumor suppressor genes were downregulated in stroma-rich chordomas. On survival analysis, Kaplan–Meier plot was separated that showed inferior outcome of stroma-rich group, although statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the abundant stromal component of conventional chordoma enhanced well on MRI and possibly contributed to the biological aggressiveness that supported by transcriptomic characteristics. Further extensive investigation regarding radiologic-pathologic-transcriptomic correlation in conventional chordoma in a larger cohort could verify additional clinical significance.
Neck-shaft angle measurement in children: accuracy of the conventional radiography-based (2D) methods compared to 3D reconstructions
Authors: Schlégl Ádám Tibor , Nyakas Viktória , Kovács Dániel , Maróti Péter , Józsa Gergő , Than Péter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAim of this study was to examine the accuracy of widely used conventional radiography-based (2D) neck-shaft angle measurements compared to 3D reconstruction. In our retrospective study, EOS 2D/3D images of 156 patients (312 limbs) were selected from our database (4–16 years old: 6 girls and 6 boys/year), where no pathology was revealed. Using the 2D modality of the EOS method neck-shaft angle was measured using the “biggest diameter” and “circle fitting” techniques to define the femoral neck axis and 1/3, 1/2 and full femur to determine the femoral shaft axis. EOS 3D reconstructions of same images were also performed and a comparison of 2D and 3D results was made. We did not find any significant difference between accuracy of the four examined 2D methods, although the deviation between 2 and 3D results was considerable (average difference: 5.11–5.58°, p < 0,001). In 31% of the cases, difference was more than 10°. Only femoral torsion showed significant influence on the difference (correlation coefficient: 0.380, p < 0.001). We did not find a clinically significant difference between the examined 2D methods, although their accuracy was highly questionable compared to 3D results. We suggest using any 3D imaging method for surgical planning and in uncertain cases.
An agent-based model of social care provision during the early stages of Covid-19
Authors: Gostoli Umberto , Silverman Eric 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial care is a frequent topic in UK policy debates, with widespread concern that the country will be unable to face the challenges posed by the increase in demand for social care. While this is a societal problem whose dynamics depends on long-term trends, such as the increase of human lifespans and the drop of birth-rates, a short-term crisis, such as a pandemic, can affect the need and supply of social care to a considerable, although temporary, extent. Building on previous modelling effort of social care provision, we present an agent-based computational model to investigate social care provision in the context of a pandemic (using as an example, the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic), and related mitigation policies, on social care demand and supply, using a proof-of-concept agent-based model (ABM). We show how policy solutions aimed at controlling the pandemic may have substantial effects on the level of unmet social care need and propose that such models may help policymakers to compare alternative containment policies, taking into account their side effects on the social care provision process.
Phylogenomic analysis of the bowfin (Amia calva) reveals unrecognized species diversity in a living fossil lineage
Authors: Wright Jeremy J. , Bruce Spencer A. , Sinopoli Daniel A. , Palumbo Jay R. , Stewart Donald J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Bowfin (Amia calva), as currently recognized, represents the sole living member of the family Amiidae, which dates back to approximately 150 Ma. Prior to 1896, 13 species of extant Bowfins had been described, but these were all placed into a single species with no rationale or analysis given. This situation has persisted until the present day, with little attention given to re-evaluation of those previously described nominal forms. Here, we present a phylogenomic analysis based on over 21,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals that unambiguously demonstrates the presence of at least two independent evolutionary lineages within extant Amia populations that merit species-level standing, as well as the possibility of two more. These findings not only expand the recognizable species diversity in an iconic, ancient lineage, but also demonstrate the utility of such methods in addressing previously intractable questions of molecular systematics and phylogeography in slowly evolving groups of ancient fishes.
The comprehensive detection of miRNA and circRNA in the regulation of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Laiwu pig
Authors: Feng Hui , Yousuf Salsabeel , Liu Tianyi , Zhang Xiuxiu , Huang Wanlong , Li Ai , Xie Lingli , Miao Xiangyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractcircRNAs, as miRNA sponges, participate in many important biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether circRNAs can regulate lipid metabolism. This study aimed to explore the competing endogenouse RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that affects the difference between intramuscular fat (IMF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) deposition, and to screen key circRNAs and their regulatory genes. In this experiment, we identified 265 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 187 up-regulated circRNA and 78 down-regulated circRNA in IMF. Subsequently, we annotated the function of DEcircRNA's host genes, and found that DEcircRNA's host genes were mainly involved in GO terms (including cellular response to fatty acids, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity, R-SMAD binding, etc.) and signaling pathways (fatty acid biosynthesis, Citrate cycle, TGF- β Signal pathway) related to adipogenesis, differentiation and lipid metabolism. By constructing a circRNA-miRNA network, we screened out DEcircRNA that can competitively bind to more miRNAs as key circRNAs (circRNA_06424 and circRNA_08840). Through the functional annotation of indirect target genes and protein network analysis, we found that circRNA_06424 affects the expression of PPARD, MMP9, UBA7 and other indirect target genes by competitively binding to miRNAs such as ssc-miR-339-5p, ssc-miR-744 and ssc-miR-328, and participates in PPAR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, unsaturated fatty acid and other signaling pathways, resulting in the difference of fat deposition between IMF and SCF. This study provide a theoretical basis for further research investigating the differences of lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues, providing potential therapeutic targets for ectopic fat deposition and lipid metabolism diseases.
Polar amplification comparison among Earth’s three poles under different socioeconomic scenarios from CMIP6 surface air temperature
Authors: Xie Aihong , Zhu Jiangping , Kang Shichang , Qin Xiang , Xu Bing , Wang Yicheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe polar amplification (PA) has become the focus of climate change. However, there are seldom comparisons of amplification among Earth’s three poles of Arctic (latitude higher than 60 °N), Antarctica (Antarctic Ice Sheet) and the Third Pole (the High Mountain Asia with the elevation higher than 4000 m) under different socioeconomic scenarios. Based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble, two types of PA index (PAI) have been defined to quantify the PA intensity and variations, and PAI1/PAI2 is defined as the ratio of the absolute value of surface air temperature linear trend over Earth’s three poles and that for global mean/over other regions except Earth’s three poles. Arctic warms fastest in winter and weakest in summer, followed by the Third Pole, and Antarctica warms least. The similar phenomenon proceeds when global warming of 1.5–2.0 °C, and 2.0–3.0 °C above pre-industrial levels. After removing the Earth’s three poles self-influence, all the PAI2s increase much more obviously relative to the PAI1s, especially the Antarctic PAI. Earth’s three poles warm faster than the other regions. With the forcing increasing, PA accelerates much more over Antarctica and the Third Pole, but becomes weaker over Arctic. This demonstrates that future warming rate might make a large difference among Earth’s three poles under different scenarios.
Remembering St. Louis Individual—structural violence and acute bacterial infections in a historical anatomical collection
Authors: Austin Rita M. , Zuckerman Molly , Honap Tanvi P. , Lee Hedwig , Ward Geoff K. , Warinner Christina , Sankaranarayanan Krithivasan , Hofman Courtney A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncomplete documentary evidence, variable biomolecular preservation, and limited skeletal responses have hindered assessment of acute infections in the past. This study was initially developed to explore the diagnostic potential of dental calculus to identify infectious diseases, however, the breadth and depth of information gained from a particular individual, St. Louis Individual (St.LI), enabled an individualized assessment and demanded broader disciplinary introspection of ethical research conduct. Here, we document the embodiment of structural violence in a 23-year-old Black and/or African American male, who died of lobar pneumonia in 1930s St. Louis, Missouri. St.LI exhibits evidence of systemic poor health, including chronic oral infections and a probable tuberculosis infection. Metagenomic sequencing of dental calculus recovered three pre-antibiotic era pathogen genomes, which likely contributed to the lobar pneumonia cause of death (CoD): Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.8X); Acinetobacter nosocomialis (28.4X); and Acinetobacter junii (30.1X). Ante- and perimortem evidence of St.LI’s lived experiences chronicle the poverty, systemic racism, and race-based structural violence experienced by marginalized communities in St. Louis, which contributed to St.LI’s poor health, CoD, anatomization, and inclusion in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. These same embodied inequalities continue to manifest as health disparities affecting many contemporary communities in the United States.
Analysis of pandemic outdoor recreation and green infrastructure in Nordic cities to enhance urban resilience
Authors: Fagerholm Nora , Samuelsson Karl , Eilola Salla , Giusti Matteo , Hasanzadeh Kamyar , Kajosaari Anna , Koch Daniel , Korpilo Silviya , Kyttä Marketta , Legeby Ann , Liu Yu , Præstholm Søren , Raymond Christopher , Rinne Tiina , Stahl Olafsson Anton , Barthel Stephan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent empirical research has confirmed the importance of green infrastructure and outdoor recreation to urban people’s well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only a few studies provide cross-city analyses. We analyse outdoor recreation behaviour across four Nordic cities ranging from metropolitan areas to a middle-sized city. We collected map-based survey data from residents (n = 469–4992) in spring 2020 and spatially analyse green infrastructure near mapped outdoor recreation sites and respondents’ places of residence. Our statistical examination reveals how the interplay among access to green infrastructure across cities and at respondents’ residential location, together with respondents’ socio-demographic profiles and lockdown policies or pandemic restrictions, affects outdoor recreation behaviour. The results highlight that for pandemic resilience, the history of Nordic spatial planning is important. To support well-being in exceptional situations as well as in the long term, green infrastructure planning should prioritise nature wedges in and close to cities and support small-scale green infrastructure.
Bandgap-independent photoconductive detection in two-dimensional Sb2Te3
Authors: Ma Wanli , Wu Tuntan , Yao Niangjuan , Zhou Wei , Jiang Lin , Qiu Qinxi , Li Jingbo , Huang Zhiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBroadening the spectral range of photodetectors is vital for photodetection. However, current photoelectric detectors are selective to wavelength, which depends on bandgap, and thermal detectors respond slowly at room temperature. It is challenging to achieve photoconductivity independent of the semiconductor bandgap, which is needed to broaden the spectral range of photodetectors. Here, we use 2D semiconductor Sb2Te3 to develop a photodetector with metal-semiconductor-metal structure for multiband response, covering visible, infrared, terahertz and millimeter wavelengths at room temperature. This is achieved by the synergy of the photoconductivity of photo-excited electron-hole pairs above the bandgap, and an electromagnetic-induced well effect below the bandgap. The photodetector achieves a responsivity of 0.6 A W−1 at 1550 nm, 515 A W−1 at 0.340 THz with a bias of 0.2 V, respectively. The response time is 900 ns, which is short compared to the reported detectors based on 2D materials. In addition, it also exhibits a high polarization extinction ratio of 90. These results suggest that our strategy achieves a photoconductivity independent of the semiconductor bandgap to broaden the spectral range of photodetectors, and could be a strong candidate for multiband photodetection systems.
A tripartite model system for Southern Ocean diatom-bacterial interactions reveals the coexistence of competing symbiotic strategies
Authors: Andrew Sarah , Wilson Travis , Smith Stephanie , Marchetti Adrian , Septer Alecia N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Southern Ocean (SO) diatoms play an important role in global carbon flux, and their influence on carbon export is directly linked to interactions with epiphytic bacteria. Bacterial symbionts that increase diatom growth promote atmospheric carbon uptake, while bacterial degraders divert diatom biomass into the microbial loop where it can then be released as carbon dioxide through respiration. To further explore SO diatom-bacterial associations, a natural model system is needed that is representative of these diverse and important interactions. Here, we use concurrent cultivation to isolate a species of the ecologically-important SO diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, and its co-occurring bacteria. Although vitamin-depleted, axenic Pseudo-nitzschia grew poorly in culture, addition of a co-isolated Roseobacter promoted diatom growth, while addition of a co-isolated Flavobacterium negatively impacted diatom growth. Microscopy revealed both bacterial isolates are physically associated with diatom cells and genome sequencing identified important predicted functions including vitamin synthesis, motility, cell attachment mechanisms, and diverse antimicrobial weapons that could be used for interbacterial competition. These findings revealed the natural coexistence of competing symbiotic strategies of diatom-associated bacteria in the SO, and the utility of this tripartite system, composed of a diatom and two bacterial strains, as a co-culture model to probe ecological-relevant interactions between diatoms and the bacteria that compete for access to the phycosphere.
Analysis for metal sheath corrosion rate in AC high voltage power cable
Authors: Lai Lin‐Hua , Wu Zhi‐Heng , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Hao Yanpeng , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReliable power transmission requires the safe operation of high‐voltage cable. A number of high‐voltage cable failures caused by aluminium sheath corrosion has been reported these years. However, neither discussion on factors influencing corrosion rate nor specification describing corrosion inhibiting method has been presented. Thus, it is crucial to address the research gap in evaluating corrosion rate of aluminium sheath in various corrosive environments. Here, the effect of chlorides on aluminium sheath corrosion is analyzed. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the corroded surface is investigated. Titration experiment is performed to quantify the chlorides content in buffer layer of cable. Polarization curves are employed to analyze the corrosion rate of aluminium sheath in different chlorides content environment. Surface analysis result shows that chlorine‐rich phase can be observed on the corroded surface. Titration experiment result reveals that buffer layer used in high voltage cable is one of the sources of chlorides content which varies from 0.7 to 4.2 wt%. Finally, polarization curve shows that when chloride content increases from 0.6 to 1.8 wt%, the pitting potential left shifts from −0.689 to −0.742 V. The corrosion resistance of aluminium sheath deteriorates significantly with the increase of chlorides content.
Novel detection approach for thermal defects: Study on its feasibility and application to vehicle cables
Authors: Liu Kai , Yang Zhixiang , Wei Wenfu , Gao Bo , Xin Dongli , Sun Chuanming , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is important to accurately assess the thermal defect state of equipment to ensure its safe operation. A novel thermal defect detection method called the square even‐order derivative method is proposed. First, the derivative functions of temperature were constructed to investigate the main‐side‐peak characteristics of the derivative curve, and the mathematical expressions for the position, depth, intensity of the defects, and parameters of the derivative curve were deduced, which can be used to quantitatively detect the defects. Then, numerical and experimental analyses of an example case of defected epoxy resin plates were carried out to verify that thermal defects can be effectively and accurately detected by the proposed method. Finally, the method was applied to a vehicle cable to detect its thermal defects in another example case of defected vehicle cable, which preliminarily validated the feasibility of the proposed method in practical applications.
Large‐scale plasma grafts voltage stabilizer on hexagonal boron nitride for improving electrical insulation and thermal conductivity of epoxy composite
Authors: Zhang Penghao , Yao Chenguo , Yu Liang , Zhao Xuetong , Zhao Lisheng , Lan Linghan , Dong Shoulong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBetter electrical insulation and thermal management are both urgently required in integrated power semiconductors. Electrical insulation epoxy encapsulation suffers from poor heat conduction, which has increasingly become a bottleneck of power semiconductors integration. Although incorporating high thermal conductivity ceramics, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), aluminium nitride etc. into epoxy promotes the thermal conductivity, the eco‐friendly scalable fabrication of these composites with sufficient electrical breakdown strength remains a formidable challenge. Suitable voltage stabilizers are known to provide additional benefits to breakdown strength. Herein, a high‐throughput approach combining plasma with roll‐to‐roll was developed. The voltage stabilizer (acetophenone) was grafted on interfaces between hBN and epoxy matrix through plasma. The high‐energy electrons are consumed by the grafted interface, which leads to the significant suppression of partial discharge in Epoxy/hBN. Meanwhile, interfacial phonon scattering is repaired by grafting. Therefore, the epoxy composite concurrently exhibits improved breakdown strength (by 27.4%) and thermal conductivity (by 142.9%) at about 11.9 wt.% filler content, outperforming the pure epoxy. Consequently, a promising modification strategy for mass production is provided for the encapsulation materials in various high‐power‐density semiconductor devices.
Radio source-component association for the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey with region-based convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mostert Rafaël I. J. , Duncan Kenneth J. , Alegre Lara , Röttgering Huub J. A. , Williams Wendy L. , Best Philip N. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Morganti Raffaella 
Published: October 2022

Context. Radio loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGNs) are often morphologically complex objects that can consist of multiple, spatially separated, components. Only when the spatially separated radio components are correctly grouped together can we start to look for the corresponding optical host galaxy and infer physical parameters such as the size and luminosity of the radio object. Existing radio detection software to group these spatially separated components together is either experimental or based on assumptions that do not hold for current generation surveys, such that, in practice, astronomers often rely on visual inspection to resolve radio component association. However, applying visual inspection to all the hundreds of thousands of well-resolved RLAGNs that appear in the images from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) at 144 MHz, is a daunting, time-consuming process, even with extensive manpower.
Aims. Using a machine learning approach, we aim to automate the radio component association of large (>15 arcsec) radio components.
Methods. We turned the association problem into a classification problem and trained an adapted Fast region-based convolutional neural network to mimic the expert annotations from the first LoTSS data release. We implemented a rotation data augmentation to reduce overfitting and simplify the component association by removing unresolved radio sources that are likely unrelated to the large and bright radio components that we consider using predictions from an existing gradient boosting classifier.
Results. For large (>15 arcsec) and bright (>10 mJy) radio components in the LoTSS first data release, our model provides the same associations for 85.3% ± 0.6 of the cases as those derived when astronomers perform the association manually. When the association is done through public crowd-sourced efforts, a result similar to that of our model is attained.
Conclusions. Our method is able to efficiently carry out manual radio-component association for huge radio surveys and can serve as a basis for either automated radio morphology classification or automated optical host identification. This opens up an avenue to study the completeness and reliability of samples of radio sources with extended, complex morphologies.