bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of overactive bladder symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Dobberfuhl Amy D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is prevalent, difficult to treat, and has close symptom overlap with overactive bladder (OAB). A review of the pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of IC/BPS patients with overlapping OAB symptoms has not been summarized recently in the published literature.MethodsA review of the published literature on the overlap of IC/BPS and OAB was conducted using MeSH terminology (1992–2022).ResultsThe pathophysiology of IC/BPS is not fully understood. Animal research has found the bladder trigone and base are richly populated by afferent fibers, including many small unmyelinated C‐fibers that may be upregulated in IC/BPS. Successful therapies with multimodal effects on OAB symptoms in patients with IC/BPS are likely to exert beneficial effects on both pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. Potentially efficacious therapies for the treatment of OAB in IC/BPS include pelvic floor physical therapy, oral pharmacotherapy (antimuscarinics and beta‐3 agonists), sacral neuromodulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, and botulinum toxin A (BTA). Antimuscarinics and beta‐3 agonists have yielded partial efficacy in IC/BPS, although may help differentiate symptoms of OAB from those associated with IC/BPS. The transvaginal trigone treatment (T3) intradetrusor injection approach allows for delivery of therapeutics to the bladder without the need for a cystoscope and appears to be feasible.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of IC/BPS and symptom overlap with OAB, which in turn should enable the development of more personalized therapeutics.
Marine karst environment characterization using joint geophysical and geotechnical data
Authors: Dusart Judith , Tarits Pascal , Bazin Sara , Isorna Rocio , d'Eu Jean‐François 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTSubmarine karstic environments are complex and challenging to study. Seismic investigations usually have difficulty getting geological information because of a lack of penetration due to the high reflectivity of the calcareous substratum. To circumvent this problem, we studied how to combine marine electrical resistivity tomography (MERT) with geotechnical data to investigate the porosity structure from the geotechnical to the geophysical scale. We applied the technique to the submarine karstic plateau of Banc de Guérande (Saint‐Nazaire, France), which is mainly composed of hard calcarenite and sandy pockets. We obtained sections of two‐dimensional resistivity models from the MERT data inversion. We used existing geotechnical data on extracted cores at several boreholes close to the MERT profiles using a multi‐sensor core logging (MSCL) bench. We used porosity proxies derived from Archie's law and porosity data from the MSCL inferred from gamma density measurements on the core to combine the data of very different scales (metre for MERT and centimetre for MSCL). The comparison between measurements showed a good similarity between in situ MERT and borehole MSCL data at depths greater than ∼10 m below the seafloor. A larger difference was observed close to the seabed, where the MERT porosity was higher than the MSCL porosity. The extraction of water‐saturated cores and the numerous core fractures could explain this difference near the surface. The results were analysed with respect to the scale difference between geophysical and geotechnical data. The conclusions suggested that the difference between MERT and MSCL porosities could be testified from the local heterogeneity of the soil and indicated whether the surrounding substratum was more porous (and thus fractured or dissolved) than the core or vice versa. The study highlighted the necessity of an excellent collocation of the data to retrieve reliable information from the comparison between geophysical and geotechnical data.
Thermal contraction crack polygons in Nunavik (northern Quebec): Distribution and development of polygonal patterned ground
Authors: Chiasson Alexandre , Allard Michel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the spatial distribution and morphological variability of thermal contraction crack polygon (TCCP) networks across Nunavik, a 440,000‐km2 region of northern Québec that spans the northward transition from discontinuous to continuous permafrost. A population of 4,567 TCCP sites was sampled and analyzed from 80,737 georeferenced high‐resolution aerial photographs and 264,504 km2 of ESRI satellite basemaps. For each site, six parameters were inventoried and compiled into a database: (a) network geometric arrangement; (b) intersection angles; (c) number of subdivisions and nested polygons (referred to as generations of development); (d) dominant polygon morphology; (e) surficial geology; and (f) vegetation cover. Statistical analyses of the tabulated data revealed a strong association between Holocene glacial, glacio‐fluvial, fluvial, marine, and organic landforms and the different intersections angles in the networks, providing insight into how the processes of thermal contraction cracking function and manifest geomorphically across varied permafrost landscapes. Orthogonal polygons (intersection angle of 90°) dominate on flat terrains where the thermo‐mechanical stresses are probably spatially homogeneous. Hexagonal (angles of 120°) and poorly structured polygons tend to form where topography variability probably generates heterogeneous heat flow patterns and thermo‐mechanical stresses in the ground, resulting in irregular cracking patterns.
On the Search for Low W0
Authors: Broeckel Igor , Cicoli Michele , Maharana Anshuman , Singh Kajal , Sinha Kuver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe magnitude of the vacuum expectation value of the Gukov‐Vafa‐Witten superpotential plays a central role in the phenomenology of type IIB flux compactifications. Recent analytical constructions have shown that perturbatively flat vacua can be used to obtain very low values of . We present systematic algorithms to carry out exhaustive numerical searches for such vacua. We also analyse them in the statistical context, as part of the entire ensemble of type IIB flux vacua at low . Our preliminary analysis indicates that these perturbatively flat vacua are statistically sparse in the whole set of vacua at low as calculated by Denef and Douglas. Two‐moduli examples are used to illustrate these more general findings in specific settings. We find that these simple (two moduli) cases are good examples for existence proofs but they do not feature a large statistical tuning freedom for phenomenological applications.
Evaluation and design of structures to contain lithium‐ion battery hazards
Authors: Shelton Gabriel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article is a continuation of BakerRisk's six‐part series on Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) hazards. Thus far, the series has introduced failure types, failure frequencies, fire mitigation methods, and quantifying explosion and fire hazard consequences related to BESS hazards. Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries have the potential for severe explosion and fire hazards due to the ability of Li‐ion batteries to experience thermal runaway reactions that can continue without supplemental oxygen. These hazards can have serious consequences on human life, equipment, and building integrity. Li‐ion batteries have many uses, from cell phones to electric vehicles, and are also located in various facilities such as BESS or battery test labs. This fifth article in the six‐part series provides a review of available analytical approaches to evaluate existing structures and design new structures for protection from Li‐ion battery hazards.
A statistic with demonstrated insensitivity to unmeasured bias for 2 × 2 ×Stables in observational studies
Authors: Rosenbaum Paul R. 
Published: May 2022

Are weak associations between a treatment and a binary outcome always sensitive to small unmeasured biases in observational studies? This possibility is often discussed in epidemiology. The familiar Mantel‐Haenszel test for a contingency table exaggerates sensitivity to unmeasured biases when the population odds ratios vary among the strata. A statistic built from several components, here from the strata, is said to have demonstrated insensitivity to bias if it uses only those components that provide indications of insensitivity to bias. Briefly, such a statistic is a ‐statistic. There are candidate statistics with strata, and a ‐statistic considers them all. To have level , a test based on a ‐statistic must pay a price for its double use of the data, but as the sample size increases, that price becomes small, while the gain may be large. The price is paid by conditioning on the limited information used to identify components that are insensitive to a bias of specified magnitude, basing the test result on the information that remains after conditioning. In large samples, the ‐statistic achieves the largest possible design sensitivity, so it does not exaggerate sensitivity to unmeasured bias. A simulation verifies that the large sample result has traction in samples of practical size. A study of sunlight as a cause of cataract is used to illustrate issues and methods. Several extensions of the method are discussed. AnRpackagedstat2x2xkimplements the method.
Exploiting the Synergistic Electronic Interaction between Pt‐Skin Wrapped Intermetallic PtCo Nanoparticles and Co‐N‐C Support for Efficient ORR/EOR Electrocatalysis in a Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Gao Jiaojiao , Zhou Xuyan , Wang Yu , Chen Yimai , Xu Zhenyu , Qiu Yejun , Yuan Qunhui , Lin Xi , Qiu Hua‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of low‐Pt catalysts with high activity and durability is critical for fuel cells. Here, Pt‐skin wrapped sub‐5 nm PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles are successfully mounted on single atom Co‐N‐C support by exploiting the barrier effect of Co‐anchor. According to a collaborative experimental and computational investigation, the increased oxygen reduction reaction activity of PtCo/Co‐N‐C arises from the direct electron transfer from PtCo to Co‐N‐C, and the resulting optimal d‐band center of Pt. Owing to such unique electronic structure interaction and synergistic effect, the specific and mass activities of PtCo/Co‐N‐C are up to 4.20 mA cm−2 and 2.71 A mgPt−1, respectively, with barely degraded stability after 40 000 CV cycles. The PtCo/Co‐N‐C also exhibits outstanding activity as an ethanol electrocatalyst. This work shows a new and effective route to boost the overall efficiency of direct ethanol fuel cells in acidic media by integrating intermetallic low‐Pt alloys and single atom carbon support.
Laserstrahl‐ und Laserhybridschweißverbindungen aus ultrahochfesten Feinkornbaustählen – Teil 1: Verfahren und Schweißnahtcharakterisierung
Authors: Seyfried Benjamin , Möller Benjamin , Ummenhofer Thomas , Baumgartner Jörg , Melz Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBei Feinkornbaustählen mit den aktuell höchsten nominellen Streckgrenzen von bis zu 1300 MPa stellt die Ausführung hochwertiger Schweißverbindungen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Innovative Schweißverfahren, wie Laserstrahl‐ und Laserhybridschweißverfahren, bieten ein hohes Einsatzpotenzial, werden aber aufgrund mangelnder Erfahrungswerte bisher nur selten eingesetzt. Im Beitrag wird deshalb eine an vier verschiedenen Werkstoffen (S960MC, S1100M, S1100QL, S1300QL) und zwei Schweißverfahrensvarianten (Laserstrahlschweißen ohne Zusatzwerkstoff, Laserstrahl‐MSG‐Hybridschweißen) durchgeführte Schweißnahtcharakterisierung vorgestellt. Die Untersuchungen der Stumpfnähte umfassen u. a. Sicht‐, Farbeindring‐ und Röntgenprüfungen sowie Querzugversuche und Härtefeldmessungen. Die Schweißzonen zeigen auffallend geringe Abmessungen und nur eine moderate Entfestigung, die sich insbesondere auf die Anlasszone konzentriert. Eine Ausnahme stellen die Verbindungen des S1100M dar, bei welchem keine Entfestigung in der Anlasszone festgestellt wird.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of Indian mangrove (Ceriops tagal) revealed a genome‐wide duplication event predating the divergence of Rhizophoraceae mangrove species
Authors: Pootakham Wirulda , Naktang Chaiwat , Sonthirod Chutima , Kongkachana Wasitthee , Narong Nattapol , Sangsrakru Duangjai , Maknual Chatree , Jiumjamrassil Darunee , Chumriang Pranom , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMangrove ecosystems are unique, highly diverse, provide benefits to humans, and aid in coastal protection. The Indian mangrove, or spurred mangrove, [Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C. B. Rob.] is a member of the Rhizophoraceae family and is commonly found along the intertidal zones in tropical regions in Southeast Asia, southern Asia, and Africa. Here, we present the first high‐quality reference genome assembly of the Ceriops species. A preliminary draft assembly, generated from the 10× Genomics linked‐read library, was scaffolded using the proximity ligation chromatin contact mapping technique (Hi‐C) to obtain a chromosome‐scale assembly of 231,919,005 bases with an N50 length of 11,408,429 bases. The benchmarking universal single‐copy orthologs (BUSCO) analysis revealed that C. tagal gene predictions recovered 95.8% of the highly conserved orthologs. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that C. tagal diverged from the last common ancestor of flat‐leaf spurred mangrove [C. decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou] and C. zippeliana Blume ∼10.4 million yr ago (MYA), and the last common ancestor of genera Ceriops, Kandelia, and Rhizophora diverged from that of genus Bruguiera ∼49.4 MYA. In addition, our analysis of the transversion rate at fourfold‐degenerate sites from orthologous gene pairs provided evidence supporting a recent whole‐genome duplication in C. tagal. The STRUCTURE and principal component analyses illustrated that C. tagal individuals investigated in this study were the admixture of two subpopulations, the genetic background of which was influenced primarily by location. The availability of genomic and transcriptomic resources and biodiversity data reported in this work will be useful for future studies that may shed light on adaptive evolutions of mangrove species.
Performance evaluation of polyaniline modified phosphorylated cotton as promising adsorbent for Pb (II) ions removal
Authors: Khadr Amira , Essa Dalia Mohamed , Sabaa Magdy W. , Elnagar Khaled , Mohamed Riham R. , Samaha Sayed Hussein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, phosphorylated cotton fabric was modified with polyaniline using in‐situ chemical solution polymerization to produce conducting fabric. The modified fabric was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the surface electrical resistivity was measured where the modified fabric recorded electrical resistivity of 9.02 kΩ, compared to more than 1000 MΩ for untreated cotton fabrics. The efficiency of the modified fabric in the removal of Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution was investigated. The phosphorylated cotton fabric modified with polyaniline (C‐Ph‐PANI) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (250 mg g−1) compared to 54 mg g−1 for the unmodified cotton fabric and 113.7 mg g−1 for cotton fabric modified with polyaniline. The impact of pH, adsorbent amount, adsorbate concentration, and contact time on Pb2+ ions adsorption capacity was also investigated. The adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ ions by C‐Ph‐PANI was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that, the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir model (monolayer adsorption) with a higher R2 value (0.979) more than the Freundlich model (multilayer adsorption) which recorded a lower R2 value (0.904).
Implications of video chat use for young children's learning and social–emotional development: Learning words, taking turns, and fostering familial relationships
Authors: Glick Aaron R. , Saiyed Fauzia S. , Kutlesa Katia , Onishi Kristine H. , Nadig Aparna S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParents of young children use video chat differently than other screen media, paralleling expert recommendations (e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 2016), which suggest that video chat, unlike other screen media, is acceptable for use by children under 18 months. Video chat is unique among screen media in that it permits contingent (time‐sensitive and content‐sensitive) social interactions. Contingent social interactions take place between a child and a partner (dyadic), with objects (triadic), and with multiple others (multi‐party configurations), which critically underpin development in multiple domains. First, we review how contingent social interaction may underlie video chat's advantages in two domains: for learning (specifically learning new words) and for social–emotional development (specifically taking turns and fostering familial relationships). Second, we describe constraints on video chat use and how using chat with an active adult (co‐viewing) may mitigate some of its limitations. Finally, we suggest future research directions that will clarify the potential advantages and impediments to the use of video chat by young children.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Psychology > Learning
Cognitive Biology > Social Development
Facilitating behavior change: Introducing the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change as a conservation psychology framework and tool for practitioners
Authors: Abrash Walton Abigail , Nageotte Nichole L. , Heimlich Joe E. , Threadgill A. Victoria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary opportunities for improved conservation and sustainability outcomes are through changing human behavior. Zoos, aquariums, and other public‐facing biodiversity conservation institutions offer an important space for environmental learning and facilitating proenvironmental behavior change. We have focused, in this review, on examining common behavior change models as well as the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Behavior Change​​​​​, a widely regarded model within the health fields and, recently, in the fields of environmental and leadership studies, with new research applying the TTM specifically in a zoo setting. We have discussed critiques of the TTM and rebuttals to those critiques. We have presented examples of TTM applications in a zoo setting. Our objective has been to explore the TTM as a possible “best fit” framework and tool for zoo and aquarium practitioners in facilitating proenvironmental behavior. Key findings include that (a) the TTM differs significantly from other proenvironmental behavior theoretical models, including those that are prevalent in the conservation psychology literature and applied by zoos and aquariums, in terms of the TTM stages of change and processes of change constructs; (b) the TTM appears to overlap significantly with the 10 interventions or treatments identified by researchers as the most effective approaches to facilitating proenvironmental behavior; and (c) there is nascent and promising application of TTM constructs in zoo and aquarium programming. We remain impressed by the potential of the TTM to address a critical question within the conservation psychology research field concerning proenvironmental behavior: what specific tools to employ and when.
Robustness of ARS leptogenesis in scalar extensions
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Lindner Manfred , van der Woude Susan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with sterile neutrinos are well motivated from the observed oscillations of the light neutrinos and they have shown to successfully explain the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) through, for instance, the so-called ARS leptogenesis. Sterile neutrinos can be added in minimal ways to the SM, but many theories exist where sterile neutrinos are not the only new fields. Such theories often include scalar bosons, which brings about the possibility of further interactions between the sterile neutrinos and the SM. In this paper we consider an extension of the SM with two sterile neutrinos and one scalar singlet particle and investigate the effect that an additional, thermalised, scalar has on the ARS leptogenesis mechanism. We show that in general the created asymmetry is reduced due to additional sterile neutrino production from scalar decays. When sterile neutrinos and scalars are discovered in the laboratory, our results will provide information on the applicability of the ARS leptogenesis mechanism.
Twistor coverings and Feynman diagrams
Authors: Bhat Faizan , Gopakumar Rajesh , Maity Pronobesh , Radhakrishnan Bharathkumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, a worldsheet dual to free $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills has been proposed in terms of twistor variables for AdS5, in parallel to that for the AdS3 dual to the free symmetric orbifold CFT. In the latter case, holomorphic covering maps play a central role in determining correlators and are associated to Feynman diagrams. After recasting these maps in terms of the worldsheet twistor variables for AdS3, we generalise to AdS5. We propose stringy incidence relations and appropriate reality conditions for the twistor covering maps. For some special kinematic configurations of correlators, we exhibit an explicit construction of the corresponding covering map. We find that the closed string worldsheet corresponding to this map is related to a gauge theory Feynman diagram by the Strebel construction, as for AdS3/CFT2. Rather strikingly, the regularised Strebel area of the worldsheet reproduces the Feynman propagator of the free field theory.
Autonomic dysfunction in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of disease: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Scala Irene , Bellavia Simone , Luigetti Marco , Brunetti Valerio , Broccolini Aldobrando , Gabrielli Maurizio , Zileri Dal Verme Lorenzo , Calabresi Paolo , Della Marca Giacomo , Frisullo Giovanni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Evidence is emerging about an extra-pulmonary involvement of SARS-CoV-2, including the nervous system. Autonomic dysfunction in patients recovering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently described. Dysautonomic symptoms have been reported in the acute phase of the disease, but clear evidence is lacking, especially in the non-critical forms of the infection.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of dysautonomia in acute, non-critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods
In this observational, cross-sectional study, we compared 38 non-critically ill patients with acute COVID-19 (COVID + group) to 38 healthy volunteers (COVID − group) in order to assess the prevalence of signs and symptoms of dysautonomia through the administration of the composite autonomic symptom score 31 (COMPASS-31) and an active standing test. Comparisons between groups were performed by means of both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was significantly higher in the COVID + group. Higher total scores of COMPASS-31 were observed in the COVID + group than controls. Significant differences between groups emerged in the secretomotor, orthostatic intolerance, and gastrointestinal COMPASS-31 domains. All these results maintained the statistical significance after the adjustment for concomitant drugs with a known effect on the autonomic nervous system assumed by the study participants, except for the differences in the gastrointestinal domain of COMPASS-31.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that an autonomic dysfunction could be an early manifestation of COVID-19, even in the contest of mild forms of the infection.