bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Epilepsy Learning Healthcare System Quality of Life (PELHS‐QOL‐2): A novel health‐related quality of life prompt for children with epilepsy
Authors: Shah Pooja D. , Yun Michelle , Wu Alan , Arnesen Rachel A. , Storey Margaret , Sokoloff Max , Shellhaas Renée A. , Turnage Cassie , Axeen Erika J. , Goodkin Howard P. , Patel Anup D. , Wentzel Evelynne , Modi Avani C. , Grinspan Zachary M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePediatric epilepsy is often associated with diminished health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Our aim was to establish the validity of the Pediatric Epilepsy Learning Healthcare System Quality of Life (PELHS‐QOL‐2) questions, a novel two‐item HRQOL prompt for children with epilepsy, primarily for use in clinical care.MethodsWe performed a multicenter cross‐sectional study to validate the PELHS‐QOL‐2. Construct validity was established through bivariate comparisons with four comparator measures and known drivers of quality of life in children with epilepsy, as well as by creating an a priori multivariable model to predict the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE‐55). Validity generalization was established through bivariate comparisons with demographic and clinical information. Content validity and clinical utility were established by assessing how well the PELHS‐QOL‐2 met eight design criteria for an HRQOL prompt established by a multistakeholder group of experts.ResultsThe final participant sample included 154 English‐speaking caregivers of children with epilepsy (mean age = 9.7 years, range = .5–18, 49% female, 70% White). The PELHS‐QOL‐2 correlated with the four comparator instruments (ρ = .44–.56), was significantly associated with several known drivers of quality of life in children with epilepsy (p < .05), and predicted QOLCE‐55 scores in the multivariate model (adjusted R2 = .54). The PELHS‐QOL‐2 item was not associated with the age, sex, and ethnicity of the children nor with the setting and location of data collection, although PELHS‐QOL‐Medications was significantly associated with race (worse for White race). Following both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the PELHS‐QOL‐2 met seven of eight design criteria.SignificanceThe PELHS‐QOL‐2 is a valid HRQOL prompt and is well suited for use in clinical care as a mechanism to routinely initiate conversations with caregivers about quality of life in children with epilepsy. The association of PELHS‐QOL‐Medications with race merits further study.
Childrearing in stepfamilies: Empirical answers about “what works”
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn , Sanner Caroline , Berkley Steven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this project were to (a) examine research evidence on effective childrearing in stepfamilies, (b) draw “best practice” guidelines for effective childrearing in stepfamilies, and (c) identify gaps in what is known about effective childrearing in stepfamilies. Effective childrearing was defined as cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors of stepparents and biological parents that contributed positively to children's physical, cognitive, and emotional well‐being.BackgroundThe predominant focus of research on stepfamilies has been on investigating stepfamily deficits, problems, and challenges. Recently, more researchers have examined stepfamilies from a resilience perspective in which emphases are placed on processes that contribute to effective development and adaptations to change.MethodWe reviewed 119 studies of effective childrearing in stepfamilies. We examined three bodies of literature: (a) effective parenting in stepfamilies, (b) effective stepparenting in stepfamilies, and (c) effective coparenting in stepfamilies (both within stepfamily households, e.g., between spouses and across stepfamily households, e.g., between ex‐spouses).ResultsThe results of this project are reported in three articles in this collection. We extract evidence‐based principles of effective childrearing in stepfamilies.ConclusionsResearchers have made great strides in identifying parenting practices that promote positive outcomes for children in stepfamilies, although gaps in our knowledge remain.ImplicationsIn each article, we offer empirically supported suggestions for stepfamily members and for family professionals who work with them.
From energy to (soil organic) matter
Authors: Gunina Anna , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering the soil as energy rather than as a source of carbon (C), while SOM accumulates as a residual by‐product because the microbial energy investment in its decomposition exceeds the energy gain. During the initial stages of decomposition, the nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC) in remaining litter decreases, and the energy content increases. This reflects the rapid mineralization of available compounds with positive and neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, the NOSC of the remaining compounds drops to −0.3 units, and the oxidation rate decreases due to the residual relative accumulation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds (which are hydrolized later) and entombment of the necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%–2.5% more energy per C unit than the initial litter. The linear decrease in energy density of a broad range of organic substances by 106 kJ mol−1C per NOSC unit upon oxidation is supported by experimental data on litter decomposition. Preferential recycling of energy‐rich reduced (lipids, aromatics, certain amino acids, amino sugars) and the microbial degradation of oxidized compounds (carboxylic acids) also energetically enrich SOM. Despite the high energy content, the availability of energy stored in SOM is lower than in litter. This explains why SOM is not fully mineralized (thermodynamically unfavorable), especially in the absence of plant C to provide new energy (e.g., in bare soil). Energy from litter activates decomposers to mine nutrients stored in SOM (the main ecological function of priming effects) because the nutrient content in SOM is 2–5 times higher than that of litter. This results in only 0.4%–5% year−1of litter‐derived C being sequestered in SOM, whereas SOM stores 1%–10% year−1of the total litter‐derived energy. Thus, the energy captured by photosynthesis is the main reason why microorganisms utilize organic matter, whereby SOM is merely a residual by‐product of nutrient storage and a mediator of energy fluxes.
Could the Dilatata group of Paspalum be bred as sexual species? A preliminary assessment
Authors: Monteverde Eliana , Olveyra Mario , Speranza Pablo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPaspalum dilatatum Poir. is a perennial apomictic and pentaploid South American grass and a very valued forage crop. The species has been available commercially in several parts of the world; however, its low seed production, apomictic reproduction and ergot susceptibility are important limitations for its adoption and breeding. The Dilatata complex includes five sexual tetraploid mostly selfing species, very closely related to P. dilatatum, which can be hybridized in different combinations. To explore the productive potential of breeding this species group as a sexual selfing tetraploid by combining germplasm from different tetraploid sources, a cross was made between Paspalum flavescens and Paspalum plurinerve which showed high productivity and resistance to ergot. The F1 was compared to the parents and 20 F3 families to evaluate the presence of heterosis, and estimate the additive genetic variance and the degree of transgressive segregation for morphological and productive traits. The F1 showed heterosis for dry matter and the number of fertile tillers, while the F3 showed transgressive segregation in more than 30% of the families for most traits. These results show that hybridization at the tetraploid level can generate vigorous and productive recombinants with a high potential to produce promising transgressive segregants. This breeding strategy appears highly promising, supporting further research on the potential of interspecific hybridization in this group.
Relative validity and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for individuals on hemodialysis (NUGE‐HD study)
Authors: Wendling Aline L. , Crispim Sandra P. , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida V. , Balbino Karla P. , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdequate assessment of food intake is essential to establish the magnitude and direction of the relationship of food, nutrients, and bioactive compounds with clinical outcomes of individuals in hemodialysis. We evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of a specific food frequency questionnaire for individuals on hemodialysis (FFQ‐HD).MethodsEighty‐two participants (57.3% male, 57.5 ± 14.4 years) from the open cohort Nutrition and Genetics in Hemodialysis Outcomes participated in this study. The relative validity of the FFQ‐HD was assessed using the mean of two 24‐h food recall (24hR) adjusted for within‐subject variability as a reference method. We also performed Pearson correlations, and agreement between tertile, kappa statistics, and Bland–Altman scatter plots were validated. Reproducibility was assessed after 1 year using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).FindingsDaily energy intake was not different between FFQ‐HD and 24hR (mean difference of 50.1 kcal). Intake of protein, linolenic acid, fiber, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, and sugar showed a moderate correlation (r between 0.4 and 0.5) among instruments, while mean correlation coefficient was r = 0.38 to food group intake. Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement for micronutrients, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and for the groups “flour, bread, and pasta” and “processed, canned meat, salts, and seasonings”. The reproducibility of FFQ‐HD for nutrients and food groups was satisfactory, reaching a maximum ICC of 0.72 and 0.59, respectively.DiscussionThe FFQ‐HD showed moderate validity and reproducibility for calories, nutrients, and food groups of clinical and nutritional interest for HD subjects so that it can be a useful tool in epidemiological studies in this population.
That's interesting: An examination of interest theory and self‐determination in organisational cybersecurity training
Authors: Kam Hwee‐Joo , Ormond Dustin K. , Menard Philip , Crossler Robert E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith government and industry experiencing a critical shortage of trained cybersecurity professionals, organisations are spearheading various training programs to cultivate cybersecurity skills. With more people working from home and the existing cybersecurity staff shortages, cybercriminals are increasingly exploiting new and existing vulnerabilities by launching ubiquitous cyberattacks. This study focuses on how to close the gap in cybersecurity skills through interest cultivation and self‐determined motivation. Our study shows that situational interest (SI) in cybersecurity along with situational motivational determinants (i.e., perceived learning autonomy and perceived relatedness) engendered self‐determined motivation toward cybersecurity training. Consequently, self‐determined motivation facilitated actual learning behaviour. Meanwhile, individual interest in cybersecurity created positive moderating effects in the relationships between self‐determination and its key antecedents (i.e., perceived relatedness and situational interest). Based on these findings, we provide research implications accordingly.
Disagreement about the past: An empirical assessment of bank analysts' GAAP and non‐GAAP earnings measures
Authors: Clatworthy Mark A. , Ho Tuan , Zhu Jude Mengzhu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrior research documents that analysts’ non‐Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (non‐GAAP) or “street earnings” exclude transitory items in order to facilitate security valuation. We study sell‐side analysts’ reports for large European banks and find significant variation in analysts’ non‐GAAP actual earnings measures. These measures are not always easily reconcilable to firms’ reported non‐GAAP earnings, to GAAP earnings or to non‐GAAP earnings reported by Institutional Brokers Estimate System (I/B/E/S). By contrast, reported measures of GAAP earnings in analysts’ reports differ from one another (or from firms’ reported GAAP earnings) far less often. When evaluated against analysts’ own actual non‐GAAP earnings measures, forecasts appear more accurate than those based on I/B/E/S actuals. Results for GAAP earnings are less conclusive. Our results indicate that as well as disagreeing about future earnings, analysts also disagree significantly about what earnings were in the past.
Technology‐based self‐monitoring system for on‐task behavior of students with disabilities: A quantitative meta‐analysis of single‐subject research
Authors: Mize Min , Park Yujeong , Carter Amanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere have been several studies that involved technology‐based self‐monitoring procedures to increase on‐task behavior. Although there are continued advancements in technology application such as functions that are embedded in the application (e.g., reinforcement, feedback), the appropriate use of technology is required to be accompanied by evidence‐based guidance.ObjectivesThe purpose of this meta‐analytic approach was to (a) examine the effectiveness of a technology‐based self‐monitoring system on the on‐task behavior of students with disabilities and (b) provide information that can support the use of a technology‐based approach as an effective method for the teaching of relevant behavioral skills.MethodsAll reviewed 16 studies employed a single‐case research design, targeting technology‐based self‐monitoring interventions for students with disabilities. Studies were descriptively analyzed and evaluated for methodological quality using the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards and criteria. Additionally, to examine the level and trend of reading fluency outcomes, Tau‐Uwas calculated across the studies by measuring the impact of various moderator variables on the intervention effects.Results and ConclusionsOverall, studies showed a strong effect of using the technology‐based self‐monitoring on on‐task behaviors. The impacts of six possible moderator variables (i.e., school level, types of technology, student training, teacher feedback and teacher reinforcement) were analyzed and there was no significant difference in the six variables with regards to the effects of the technology‐based self‐monitoring on the improvement of on‐task behaviors.ImplicationsBased on the findings that support the positive impact of using mobile technology for increasing on‐task behaviors of students with disabilities, directions for future research and practical applications were discussed.
Muslim caregivers' experiences in caring for patients receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Seephom Sunisa , Jittanoon Piyanuch , Balthip Karnsunaphat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFulfilling the role of a family caregiver has a substantial effect on the lives of those involved. However, existing information on family caregivers of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis is insufficient—especially Muslim caregivers, whose practice is unique.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the experiences of Muslim family caregivers looking after patients receiving peritoneal dialysis in an Islamic context.DesignA descriptive qualitative approach was employed.ParticipantsThirteen Muslim family caregivers who have cared for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for at least 1 month.ApproachData were collected through face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews and a focus group discussion. Content analysis was used to analyse the data with initial codes grouped into sub‐categories, generic categories, and main categories.FindingsThe experiences of Muslim family caregivers looking after patients receiving peritoneal dialysis generated two main categories: overwhelmed with suffering and learning to live as a caregiver.ConclusionsCaregiving has a substantial impact on Muslim family caregivers. They need to be cared for holistically. The recognition of Islamic beliefs, doctrine of Allah, and religious practices are clear spiritual anchors for caregiving. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the experiences of Muslim family caregivers looking after patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. These findings could serve as the basis for developing a specific nursing intervention for such caregivers.
Conservative Protestantism, Sexual Insecurity, and Masculine Discrepancy Stress
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Bartkowski John P. , Pfaffendorf Jessica , Ritter Lacey J. , Burdette Amy M. , Ellison Christopher G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAre conservative Protestant men especially insecure about their sexual prowess and masculinity? A recent state‐level analysis by Perry and Whitehead suggests that they are. In this study, we use national data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey to formally test whether conservative Protestant men are more concerned with their sexual abilities and masculinity than other men. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic and ordinary least squares regression models consistently show that conservative Protestant men tend to exhibit similar levels of sexual insecurity (self‐reported performance anxiety, erectile dysfunction, and ED medication use) and masculine discrepancy stress (perceived failure to conform to normative expectations associated with hegemonic masculinity) as men of other religious faiths (moderate Protestants, Catholics, and other Christians/religions) and men who report no religious affiliation. Our analyses are noteworthy because they call into question the theory of evangelicalism and phallocentric masculine insecurity at the individual level.
Behavior related vocalizations of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Authors: Brady Beth , Moore Jon , Love Kim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlorida manatees (Trichechus manatus) produce five broadly defined call types (squeaks, squeals, high squeaks, chirps, squeak‐squeals) but their use in social and nonsocial settings is unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate whether call categories and structure of manatee vocalizations varied with behavior. Multiple hydrophones were used to record vocalizations in four different environments and broad behavioral states. Vocalizations recorded from resting, cavorting, stressed, or feeding wild animals were subjected to mixed linear effects models to test whether vocalizations produced varied with behavior and calf presence. Measures of duration, entropy, and frequency modulation were extracted from vocalizations to investigate if structural parameters differ among behaviors. Although all five call categories were recorded, results suggest manatees vocalize using primarily three call types and vary the structure of the call based on behavior. High squeaks were correlated with calf presence. High entropy squeals were proportionally higher during cavorting suggesting they may be related to a heightened state of arousal. Squeaks were the dominant call type produced and were longer in duration and higher in frequency modulation when animals were stressed. This research provides a foundation for comparative studies on vocal behavior for the Florida manatee as well as studies on related species.
Human microbiome and metabolic health: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Michels Nathalie , Zouiouich Semi , Vanderbauwhede Bert , Vanacker Judith , Indave Ruiz B. Iciar , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: January 2022

SummaryTo summarize the microbiome's role in metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], and metabolic syndrome), systematic reviews on observational or interventional studies (prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics/transplant) were searched in MEDLINE and Embase until September 2020. The 87 selected systematic reviews included 57 meta‐analyses. Methodological quality (AMSTAR2) was moderate in 62%, 12% low, and 26% critically low. Observational studies on obesity (10 reviews) reported less gut bacterial diversity with higher Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas lower Methanobrevibacter, Lactobacillus plantarum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium animalis compared with nonobese. For diabetes (n = 1), the same was found for Fusobacterium and A. muciniphila, whereas higher Ruminococcus and lower Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bacteroides vulgatus, and several Bifidobacterium spp. For NAFLD (n = 2), lower Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, whereas higher Escherichia and Lactobacillus were detected. Discriminating bacteria overlapped between metabolic disorders, those with high abundance being often involved in inflammation, whereas those with low abundance being used as probiotics. Meta‐analyses (n = 54) on interventional studies reported 522 associations: 54% was statistically significant with intermediate effect size and moderate between‐study heterogeneity. Meta‐evidence was highest for probiotics and lowest for fecal transplant. Future avenues include better methodological quality/comparability, testing functional differences, new intervention strategies, and considerating other body habitats and kingdoms.
Efficacy of pediatric dermatology Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) sessions on augmenting primary care providers' confidence and abilities
Authors: Sun Haorui , Green Brian , Zaenglein Andrea , Butt Melissa , Kirby Joslyn S. , Flamm Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the shortage of pediatric dermatologists and the abundance of skin disorders presenting in childhood, general pediatricians shoulder the management of many pediatric dermatologic disorders and would benefit from additional dermatology‐specific training. To address this educational gap, general pediatricians were enrolled in a pediatric dermatology‐specific Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) program and surveyed to assess the efficacy of the program in increasing providers' ability and confidence in managing pediatric dermatologic conditions. Providers unanimously reported increased confidence and abilities in assessment and management of pediatric dermatologic conditions. Pediatric dermatology Project ECHO demonstrated high efficacy in improving general practitioners' comfort and knowledge on dermatology‐specific topics and may be used as an education model for enhancing primary care providers' knowledge and management of common disorders.
Circadian rhythms in immunity and host‐parasite interactions
Authors: Hunter Felicity K. , Butler Thomas D. , Gibbs Julie E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mammalian immune system adheres to a 24 h circadian schedule, exhibiting daily rhythmic patterns in homeostatic immune processes, such as immune cell trafficking, as well as the inflammatory response to infection. These diurnal rhythms are driven by endogenous molecular clocks within immune cells which are hierarchically coordinated by a light‐entrained central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and responsive to local rhythmic cues including temperature, hormones and feeding time. Circadian control of immunity may enable animals to anticipate daily pathogenic threat from parasites and gate the magnitude of the immune response, potentially enhancing fitness. However, parasites also strive for optimum fitness and some may have co‐evolved to benefit from host circadian timing mechanisms, possibly via the parasites’ own intrinsic molecular clocks. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding the influence of the circadian clock on the mammalian immune system and the host‐parasitic interaction. We also discuss the potential for chronotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of parasitic diseases.