bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow field analysis for multilaser powder bed fusion and the influence of gas flow distribution on parts quality
Authors: Liu Zixin , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Di , Chen Jie , Xiao Yunmian , Zhou Hanxiang , Chen Ziyu , Song Changhui 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of the gas-flow field distribution and design on the parts quality of 316L stainless steel and the vapor–spatter behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the hot-wire wind speed test method, the exact value of the gas velocity at different locations was accurately measured to establish the effect on the porosity and the mechanical properties of the parts. The influence of the placement of single or dual blow screens on the performance of the parts quality was also studied. Through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, high-speed photography and other methods, the influence mechanism was explained.

Findings
It was found that too high or too low gas velocity both play a negative role, for 316L stainless steel, the range of 1.3–2.0 m/s is a suitable gas field velocity during the multilaser powder bed fusion process. And printing quality using dual blow screens is better than single.

Practical implications
The optimization of gas field design and optimal gas velocity (1.3–2.0 m/s) applied during laser melting can improve the quality of ML-PBF of 316L stainless steel.

Originality/value
This study showed the influence of the gas field on the spatter–vapor in the process during ML-PBF, and the unfavorable gas field led to the formation of pores and unmelted powders.
The link between dangerous driving and other criminal behaviour: a scoping review
Authors: Bates Lyndel , Alexander Marina , Webster Julianne 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the link between dangerous driving and other criminal behaviour.Design/methodology/approachArksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step process for scoping reviews to identify, summarise and classify identified literature was used. Within the 30-year timeframe (1990–2019), 12 studies met the inclusion criteria.FindingsThis review indicates that individuals who commit certain driving offences are more likely to also have a general criminal history. In particular, driving under the influence, driving unlicensed and high-range speeding offences were associated with other forms of criminal behaviour. Seven of the studies mentioned common criminological theories; however, they were not integrated well in the analysis. No studies used explanatory psychosocial theories that investigate social and contextual factors.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research in this area would benefit from exploring individual and social influences that contribute to criminal behaviour in both contexts.Practical implicationsThere is the potential to develop an information-led policing approach to improve safety on the roads and reduce wider offending behaviour. However, it is critical that road policing officers continue to focus on ensuring the road system is as safe as possible for users.Originality/valueCriminal behaviour on the roads is often seen as a separate from other types of offending. This paper explores if, and how, these two types of offending are linked.
The impact of medical cyber–physical systems on healthcare service delivery
Authors: Sony Michael , Antony Jiju , McDermott Olivia 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe pandemic has reinforced the need for revamping the healthcare service delivery systems around the world to meet the increased challenges of modern-day illnesses. The use of medical cyber–physical system (MCPS) in the healthcare is one of the means of transforming the landscape of the traditional healthcare service delivery system. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the impact of MCPS on the quality of healthcare service delivery.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses an evidence-based approach, the authors have conducted a systematic literature review to study the impact of MCPS on healthcare service delivery. Fifty-four articles were thematically examined to study the impact of MCPS on eight characteristics of the healthcare service delivery proposed by the world health organisation.FindingsThe study proposes support that MCPS will positively impact (1) comprehensiveness, (2) accessibility, (3) coverage, (4) continuity, (5) quality, (6) person-centredness, (7) coordination, (8) accountability and (9) efficiency dimension of the healthcare service delivery. The study further draws nine propositions to support the impact of MCPS on the healthcare service delivery.Practical implicationsThis study can be used by stakeholders as a guide point while using MCPS in healthcare service delivery systems. Besides, healthcare managers can use this study to understand the performance of their healthcare system. This study can further be used for designing effective strategies for deploying MCPS to be effective and efficient in each of the dimensions of healthcare service delivery.Originality/valueThe previous studies have focussed on technology aspects of MCPS and none of them critically analysed the impact on healthcare service delivery. This is the first literature review carried out to understand the impact of MCPS on the nine dimensions of healthcare service delivery proposed by WHO. This study provides improved thematic awareness of the resulting body of knowledge, allowing the field of MCPS and healthcare service delivery to progress in a more informed and multidisciplinary manner.
Institutional Ownership and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Comparative Study of the UK and the USA
Authors: Benlemlih Mohammed , Arif Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivated by the growing attention on climate change and the ethical role that board characteristics and ownership may play in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this paper investigates the relationship between institutional ownership and GHG emissions. Using an extensive dataset from the UK and the USA, we show that institutional ownership is associated with less GHG emissions – a one standard deviation increase in the proportion of institutional ownership reduces carbon emissions by 1.02 metric tons. Our findings are robust when using alternative measures, econometric specifications and several approaches to address endogeneity. Further, we find no evidence for a stronger effect in the UK compared with the USA, as expected from our discussion of the governance contexts in the two countries. We also test the possible channel (i.e. exit and selection) through which institutional investors affect GHG emissions. In a set of additional analyses, we show that litigation risk and board gender diversity moderate the relationship between institutional ownership and GHG emissions. Finally, we also document a positive effect of the stewardship codes on the relationship between institutional ownership and GHG emissions. Our findings make significant theoretical and regulatory contributions.
Prevalence of use and real‐world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a representative study of smokers in England
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Cox Sharon , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo measure whether the prevalence of use and real‐world effectiveness of different smoking cessation aids has changed in England since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.DesignRepresentative monthly cross‐sectional surveys, January 2015–June 2021.SettingEngland.ParticipantsA total of 7300 adults (≥18 y) who had smoked within the previous 12 months and had made ≥1 quit attempt during that period.MeasurementsThe independent variable was the timing of the COVID‐19 pandemic (pre‐pandemic [January 2015–February 2020] vs pandemic [April 2020–June 2021]). We analysed (i) the association between the pandemic period and self‐reported use (vs non‐use) during the most recent quit attempt of: prescription medication (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]/varenicline/bupropion), NRT bought over‐the‐counter, e‐cigarettes, traditional behavioural support and traditional remote support (telephone support/written self‐help materials/websites) and (ii) the interaction between the pandemic period and use of these cessation aids on self‐reported abstinence from quit date to survey. Covariates included age, sex, social grade, level of cigarette addiction and characteristics related to the quit attempt.FindingsAfter adjustment for secular trends, there was a significant increase from the pre‐pandemic to pandemic period in the prevalence of use of traditional remote support by past‐year smokers in a quit attempt (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.42–3.33); specifically telephone support (OR = 7.16; 95% CI, 2.19–23.45) and websites (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.41–4.08). There was also an increase in the prevalence of use of prescription medication (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08–2.00); specifically varenicline (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.09–2.52). There were no significant changes in prevalence of use of other cessation aids after adjustment for secular trends. People who reported using prescription medication (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.84) and e‐cigarettes (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.62–2.16) had greater odds of reporting abstinence than people who did not. There were no significant interactions between the pandemic period and use of any cessation aid on abstinence, after adjustment for covariates and use of the other aids, although data were insensitive to distinguish no change from meaningful modest (OR = 1.34) effects (Bayes factors 0.72–1.98).ConclusionsIn England, the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with an increase in use of remote support for smoking cessation and varenicline by smokers in a quit attempt up to June 2021. The data were inconclusive regarding an association between the pandemic and changes in the real‐world effectiveness of popular smoking cessation aids.
Association between virulence factors and biofilm formation in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from semen of infertile men
Authors: Shahroodian Soheila , Mirshekar Maryam , Talebi Malihe , Torki Alireza , Amirmozafari Nour 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProblemEnterococcus faecalis is a common microbial semen contaminant. Although virulence factors and biofilm formation have often been analyzed in Enterococcus spp., there is little information about these features in isolates obtained from the genitourinary tract. This study was intended to characterize and determine the relationship between biofilm‐forming ability and the presence of E. faecalis virulence factors isolated from human semen.Method of studyA total of 32 patients diagnosed with primary infertility and 28 healthy men were included in the study. Semen analyses were performed according to the WHO guidelines. PCR reactions were applied for the detection of ace, esp, efeA, gelE, asa1, and cylA genes. Microtiter plate assay, via measurement of OD560, was used to measure the biofilm‐forming ability of the isolates.ResultsSixty E. faecalis isolates from semen of infertile and fertile men were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The prevalence of ace, esp, efeA, gelE, asa1 and cylA were reported to be 81.3%/100.0%, 81.3%/89.3%, 81.3%/85.7%, 71.9%/53.6%, 8.8%/75.0%, and 62.5%/67.9% in infertile/fertile groups; respectively. Strong, weak, and non‐biofilm reactions were reported to be 50.0%/21.4%, 40.6%/64.3%, and 9.4%/14.3% in infertile and fertile groups; respectively.ConclusionsThere was a significant relationship between fertility and weak biofilm reaction and also between biofilm formation and possession of the esp gene (P < .05). It could be speculated that colonization with E. faecalis with a strong ability for biofilm formation could become a potential threat to men's fertility.
Antibiotic stewardship programmes had a low impact on prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: Korppi Matti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis mini review summarises the available data on antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASP) for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in paediatric outpatients, particularly the implementation and impact of programmes.MethodsPubMed was searched from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021 for papers with abstracts that used the terms respiratory tract infection, antibiotic, child and guideline. We then saw how many of these included the individual terms impact, implementation or stewardship. After exclusions, we included 10 papers that were published in English on children treated as outpatients for ARTIs. All of these included data on implementing and assessing the impact of ASPs.ResultsThe primary care data were mainly from the United States. The ASP programmes did not influence antibiotic prescription rates, but broad‐spectrum antibiotics decreased by 43–48%. The emergency department data were mainly from France and the antibiotic prescription rate decreased by 31–35% and the rate for broad‐spectrum antibiotics by 63–71%. A nationwide register‐based study from France confirmed these results.ConclusionASPs had a low impact on overall antibiotic prescription rates and a modest impact on prescribing broad‐spectrum antibiotics. The implementation of ASP protocols needs further development, and more research is necessary on barriers to complying with ASPs.
Hearing impairment in Angolan children with acute bacterial meningitis with and without otitis media
Authors: Lempinen Laura , Laulajainen‐Hongisto Anu , Aarnisalo Antti A. , Bernardino Luis , Peltola Heikki , Pitkäranta Anne , Pelkonen Tuula , Jero Jussi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimBacterial meningitis (BM) is a common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Our aim was to investigate bacterial aetiology, hearing impairment and outcome in childhood BM with vs. without otitis media (OM) in Angola.MethodsHearing was tested by auditory brainstem response in 391 (76%) children with confirmed BM. The bacteria identified from the ear discharge were compared to those from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The hearing findings were compared among children with vs. without OM on days 1 and 7 of hospitalization, and at follow‐ups of 1, 3 and 6 month(s).ResultsNo correlation was found in bacteriology between the ear discharge and CSF. On day 7 in hospital, hearing impairment (>40 dB) was common, regardless of whether concomitant OM or not (in 27% vs. 30%, respectively). Any hearing deficit on day 7 was associated with a higher risk of complicated or fatal clinical course (OR 2.76, CI95% 1.43–5.29, p = 0.002).ConclusionNo significant difference prevailed in hearing thresholds between children with or without OM in hospital on day 7 or at later follow‐ups. Any hearing impairment during hospital stay associated with a higher risk for complicated clinical course or death.
Grassland restoration on former arable land: Fine‐scale grass accumulation and damaged soil conditions limit species establishment
Authors: Mudrák Ondřej , Hrabovský Andrej , Dvorský Miroslav , Liancourt Pierre , Albert Agnes‐Julia , Doležal Jiří , Čierniková Malvína , Hölzel Norbert , Májeková Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuestionWhich vegetation and soil parameters limit species establishment in restored grasslands? Do these parameters operate predominantly on a fine or a community scale?LocationWhite Carpathian Mountains, SE Czech Republic.MethodsWe compared 16 grasslands restored on former arable land with 9 well‐preserved reference grasslands. We sampled cover of plant species in plots of 2 m × 2 m (community scale) in which four 20 cm × 20 cm subplots (fine scale) were nested. We quantified fine‐scale heterogeneity as the mean Sørensen dissimilarity index among the species composition of the subplots. To characterize site conditions, we analyzed soil properties, above‐ground plant biomass and its nutrient content.ResultsRestored grasslands had a lower number of plant species at both the community and fine scales. Species number at the community scale was positively associated with the species number at the fine scale (irrespective of grassland type), but was not associated with fine‐scale heterogeneity. This indicates the importance of fine‐scale biotic interactions for overall species diversity. In support of this, in both grassland types, the species number was negatively associated with the cover of grasses, but only at the fine scale. Total cover (but not the biomass) was lower in restored grasslands, and was positively related with species number, particularly in restored grasslands. This indicates that the lower species number in the restored grasslands mainly resulted from deteriorated abiotic conditions. Such deterioration of the plant environment can be attributed particularly to the soil of the restored, formerly plowed grasslands. They had a lower soil organic matter content and a higher proportion of fine soil particles (silt and clay), indicating reduced soil water availability. The lower soil N content of restored grasslands was also reflected in the nutrient content of plant biomass, where lower N:P and N:K ratios indicated a limitation of plant growth by N‐supply.ConclusionThe species number was generally driven by fine‐scale biotic interactions, which operated similarly in both grassland types. The reduced number of plant species in restored grasslands is the result of several factors among which altered soil conditions in the former arable land appears to be highly important.
Prevalence of plasma cell and lymphoproliferative disorders among blood relatives of patients with light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Staron Andrew , Verma Karina , Sanchorawala Vaishali 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWith limited existing data on hereditary factors in light chain (AL) amyloidosis, we conducted a study of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias or lymphoproliferative disorders in their family history. Among 1621 patients, we identified 44 probands (2·7%) with 52 relatives affected. The most common disorders in family members were multiple myeloma (48%) and AL amyloidosis (18%). Light chain isotype was 100% congruent in families with known clonal immunoglobulin for both members. Despite matching light chain isotype, organ involvement varied between members in families with multiple cases of AL amyloidosis. These findings help generate hypotheses about familial influences in AL amyloidosis.
Up‐regulation of hepatic CD36 by increased corticosterone/cortisol levels via GR leads to lipid accumulation in liver and hypertriglyceridaemia during pregnancy
Authors: Bai Mengru , Chen Mingyang , Zeng Qingquan , Lu Shuanghui , Li Ping , Ma Zhiyuan , Lin Nengming , Zheng Caihong , Zhou Hui , Zeng Su , Sun Dongli , Jiang Huidi 
Published: May 2022

Background and PurposePlasma triglyceride (TG) levels increase as gestation proceeds, and abnormal elevation of TG increases the risk of pregnancy complications. The current study explored the mechanisms involved in hypertriglyceridaemia during pregnancy.Experimental ApproachLipid profile and expression levels of key genes involved in liver TG metabolism in non‐pregnant and pregnant mice were studied. The effects of pregnancy‐related hormones on key genes and the underlying mechanisms were uncovered in vitro and in vivo.Key ResultsPlasma and hepatic TG levels were elevated, while hepatic fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) was up‐regulated in pregnant mice. Corticosterone and cortisol (endogenous glucocorticoids that are elevated during pregnancy), but not oestradiol or progesterone, significantly up‐regulated CD36 in hepatocytes, and this was abolished after knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using a siRNA or in the presence of GR antagonists, RU486 and AL082D06. The luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further revealed that corticosterone/cortisol promoted the direct binding of GR to the CD36 promoter and up‐regulated its transcription. Chronic corticosterone exposure induced liver lipid accumulation and increased plasma TG levels in mice, which were attenuated by RU486 via inhibition of the GR‐CD36 pathway.Conclusions and ImplicationsIncreased corticosterone/cortisol induces liver lipid accumulation and hypertriglyceridaemia during pregnancy by accelerating fatty acid uptake into hepatocytes via activation of GR and its target gene, CD36. Our results may be useful for the prevention of severe hypertriglyceridaemia and associated pregnancy complications.
Synthesis and application of novel glucose derived nonionic gemini surfactant
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Cheng Qianqian , Zhou Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel group of nonionic gemini surfactant (GTPEA) with ethylidene spacer structure was prepared from glucose‐lactone, triethylenetetramine, alkyl epoxy polyether and acyl chloride of different alkyl chain lengths. The chemical structure of GTPEA were characterised by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The thermal properties of the three surfactants were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The critical micelle concentrations (cmc values) of GTPEA with different hydrophobic chain lengths were measured using the Wilhelmy plate method (cmc: 1.58 × 10−5 to 5.01 × 10−6 mol/L). The solubilisation, emulsification and solubilisation performance tests showed the excellent surface properties of nonionic gemini surfactants. GTPEA‐12 with a hydrophobic carbon chain length of 12 carbon atoms was selected to explore the dispersing performance of surfactants on disperse dyes and the levelling performance of polyester fibre disperse dyes. The test results have shown that the dispersion force was 96%, and the particle size of 0.1 g disperse dye was 196 nm in 100 ml of 4 g/L GTPEA‐12 solutions. Finally, GTPEA‐12 was used as a levelling agent in the dispersion dyeing of polyester fabrics. GTPEA‐12 of 0.1 g/L can provide an excellent levelling effect of S(λ) = 0.026 for polyester and has little impact on the colour yield (K/S = 5.0) of polyester fabric.
Shift in beneficial interactions during crop evolution
Authors: Fréville Hélène , Montazeaud Germain , Forst Emma , David Jacques , Papa Roberto , Tenaillon Maud I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant domestication can be viewed as a form of co‐evolved interspecific mutualism between humans and crops for the benefit of the two partners. Here, we ask how this plant–human mutualism has, in turn, impacted beneficial interactions within crop species, between crop species, and between crops and their associated microbial partners. We focus on beneficial interactions resulting from three main mechanisms that can be promoted by manipulating genetic diversity in agrosystems: niche partitioning, facilitation, and kin selection. We show that a combination of factors has impacted either directly or indirectly plant–plant interactions during domestication and breeding, with a trend toward reduced benefits arising from niche partitioning and facilitation. Such factors include marked decrease of molecular and functional diversity of crops and other organisms present in the agroecosystem, mass selection, and increased use of chemical inputs. For example, the latter has likely contributed to the relaxation of selection pressures on nutrient‐mobilizing traits such as those associated to root exudation and plant nutrient exchanges via microbial partners. In contrast, we show that beneficial interactions arising from kin selection have likely been promoted since the advent of modern breeding. We highlight several issues that need further investigation such as whether crop phenotypic plasticity has evolved and could trigger beneficial interactions in crops, and whether human‐mediated selection has impacted cooperation via kin recognition. Finally, we discuss how plant breeding and agricultural practices can help promoting beneficial interactions within and between species in the context of agroecology where the mobilization of diversity and complexity of crop interactions is viewed as a keystone of agroecosystem sustainability.