bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emollient satisfaction questionnaire: validation study in children with eczema
Authors: Rowley Georgia G. , MacNeill Stephanie J. , Ridd Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Emollients are used as maintenance therapy for all severities of eczema but there is a lack of head-to-head comparisons of effectiveness and acceptability.

Aim
To determine the validity of a self-report questionnaire designed to assess user satisfaction with a given emollient and to report the findings.

Methods
Data were analysed from the Choice of Moisturiser for Eczema Treatment trial, which compared four emollient types (Aveeno® lotion, Diprobase® cream, Doublebase® gel and Hydromol® ointment) in children aged &lt; 5 years with clinically diagnosed eczema. An emollient satisfaction questionnaire was completed after 12 weeks. Responses for individual items were scored from 0 to 4. Total scores ranged from 0 to 28 (low to high satisfaction). Completion rates and distributions of responses for individual items and total scores, categorized by emollient type, were assessed, and two hypotheses were tested to determine the questionnaire's construct validity.

Results
Data from 77.2% (152 of 197) of participants were analysed. One item was rejected because of a high rate (44.7%) of ‘don't know’ responses, leaving seven items with high completion rates (98.7%) and weak evidence of floor or ceiling effects. A positive association was observed between total score and overall emollient satisfaction (Spearman correlation 0.78; P &lt; 0.001). Total scores were highest (mean ± SD 23.5 ± 3.9) in the lotion group and lowest (18.4 ± 4.6) in the ointment group.

Conclusion
The emollient satisfaction questionnaire appears to have good validity. Further work is required to validate the questionnaire in other settings and to assess its reliability.
Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on evaluation for heart transplantation at an urban academic medical center
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Clerkin Kevin J. , Givens Raymond C. , Kleet Audrey , Rosenblum Hannah , O'Connell Desire Cruz , Topkara Veli K. , Bijou Rachel , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Takeda Koji , Farr Maryjane A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionFor patients with advanced heart failure, socioeconomic deprivation may impede referral for heart transplantation (HT). We examined the association of socioeconomic deprivation with listing among patients evaluated at our institution and compared this against the backdrop of our local community.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients evaluated for HT between January 2017 and December 2020. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were recorded. Block group‐level area deprivation index (ADI) decile was obtained at each patient's home address and Socioeconomic Status (SES) index was determined by patient zip code.ResultsIn total, 400 evaluations were initiated; one international patient was excluded. Among this population, 111 (27.8%) were women, 219 (54.9%) were White, 94 (23.6%) Black, and 59 (14.8%) Hispanic. 248 (62.2%) patients were listed for transplant. Listed patients had significantly higher SES index and lower ADI compared to those who were not listed. However, after adjustment for clinical factors, ADI and SESi were not predictive of listing. Similarly, patient sex, race, and insurance did not influence the likelihood of listing for HT. Notably, the distribution of the referral cohort based on ADI deciles was not reflective of our center's catchment area, indicating opportunities for improving access to transplant for disadvantaged populations.ConclusionsAlthough socioeconomic deprivation did not predict listing in our analysis, we recognize the need for broader outreach to combat upstream bias that prevents patients from being referred for HT.
Interrupted time series analysis of Canadian legal cannabis sales during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Armstrong Michael J. , Cantor Nathan , Smith Brendan T. , Jesseman Rebecca , Hobin Erin , Myran Daniel T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere were repeated reports of increased cannabis sales, use and health impacts in Canada during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it was unclear whether the increases were due to pandemic effects or industry expansion.MethodsWe performed interrupted time series regressions of monthly per capita legal cannabis sales from March 2019 to February 2021, first with national averages, then with provincial/territorial data after adjusting for store density. We considered two interruption alternatives: January 2020, when product variety increased; and March 2020, when pandemic restrictions began.ResultsThe provincial/territorial regression with the January interruption explained R2 = 69.6% of within‐jurisdiction variation: baseline monthly per capita sales growth averaged $0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.26), sales immediately dropped in January by $1.02 (95% CI −1.67, −0.37), and monthly growth thereafter increased by $0.16 (95% CI 0.06, 0.25). With the March interruption, the regression instead explained 68.7% of variation: baseline sales growth averaged $0.14 (95% CI 0.06, 0.22), there was no immediate drop and growth thereafter increased by $0.22 per month (95% CI 0.08, 0.35).Discussion and ConclusionsIncreasing cannabis sales during the pandemic was consistent with pre‐existing trends and increasing store numbers. The extra increased growth was more aligned with January's new product arrivals than with March's pandemic measures, though the latter cannot be ruled out. We found little evidence of pandemic impacts on Canada's aggregate legal cannabis sales. We therefore caution against attributing increased population‐level cannabis use or health impacts primarily to the pandemic.
Classification and Roundabout Production in High‐value Agriculture: A Fresh Approach to Industrialization
Authors: Cramer Christopher , Di John Jonathan , Sender John 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTDeveloping countries are balance‐of‐payments constrained. In this context, high‐value agricultural exports can make a greater contribution to structural change than development economists and developing country governments have typically acknowledged. This is thanks to dramatic recent changes in agricultural production, consumption and trade. These transformations are obscured by a simple classification system that has not adapted to changing patterns of global capitalist production. This article examines some recent efforts to rethink the basis of economic classification; it contributes to this emerging literature by proposing a way to think about the distinctions among economic activities that builds directly from the observation of production rather than a method of ex‐post mapping of trade data. A more accurate classification of economic activities would, the authors suggest, help policy officials design more coherent and growth‐enhancing industrial policies in support of accelerated structural change and productivity growth. The article draws on primary fieldwork in Ethiopia in particular, but also on fieldwork in South Africa and on secondary evidence.
Contrasting impacts of herbivore induction and elevated atmospheric CO2 on silicon defences and consequences for subsequent herbivores
Authors: Biru Fikadu N. , Cazzonelli Christopher I. , Elbaum Rivka , Johnson Scott N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlants are often sequentially attacked by multiple herbivores; feeding by one herbivore can alter host plant quality that affects the performance of subsequent herbivores. Previous studies suggest that silicon (Si) is a highly inducible defence in grasses (Poaceae) following herbivory, so could mediate such temporally separated insect herbivore interactions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2), in contrast, often reduce Si accumulation, which potentially weakens this interaction. We examined the effects of prior feeding by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the performance of crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), subsequently feeding on the same plant. We used Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. grass supplemented or non‐supplemented with Si and grown in the glasshouse maintained at ambient (aCO2) or eCO2 concentrations. As hypothesized, prior feeding by caterpillars induced Si accumulation. Despite eCO2 reducing Si accumulation, initial herbivore induction of Si negated the effects of eCO2. Both, previous caterpillar herbivory and Si supplementation reduced cricket performance. Si induction by successive herbivory was additive. Plant biomass was similar in plants attacked by caterpillars alone or both herbivores, suggesting that initial Si induction by caterpillars deterred feeding by crickets. Our results demonstrate that Si induction by one herbivore negatively impacts successive herbivores, as has been demonstrated for secondary metabolite‐mediated interactions. Uniquely, however, Si induction is an irreversible defence and potentially a stronger, or perhaps longer‐lasting mediator of such herbivore interactions in some plant taxa.
When are bacteria really gazelles? Comparing patchy ecologies with dimensionless numbers
Authors: Urmy Samuel S. , Cramer Alli N. , Rogers Tanya L. , Sullivan‐Stack Jenna , Schmidt Marian , Stewart Simon D. , Symons Celia C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrom micro to planetary scales, spatial heterogeneity—patchiness—is ubiquitous in ecosystems, defining the environments in which organisms move and interact. However, most large‐scale models still use spatially averaged ‘mean fields’ to represent natural populations, while fine‐scale spatially explicit models are mostly restricted to particular organisms or systems. In a conceptual paper, Grünbaum (2012, Interface Focus 2: 150–155) introduced a heuristic, based on three dimensionless ratios quantifying movement, reproduction and resource consumption, to characterise patchy ecological interactions and identify when mean‐field assumptions are justifiable. We calculated these dimensionless numbers for 33 interactions between consumers and their resource patches in terrestrial, aquatic and aerial environments. Consumers ranged in size from bacteria to whales, and patches lasted from minutes to millennia, with separation scales from mm to hundreds of km. No interactions could be accurately represented by naive mean‐field models, though 19 (58%) could be partially simplified by averaging out movement, reproductive or consumption dynamics. Clustering interactions by their non‐dimensional ratios revealed several unexpected dynamic similarities. For example, bacterial Pseudoalteromonas exploit nutrient plumes similarly to Mongolian gazelles grazing on ephemeral steppe vegetation. We argue that dimensional analysis is valuable for characterising ecological patchiness and can link widely different systems into a single quantitative framework.
Anticonvulsive properties of soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase inhibitor
Authors: Nishi Toshiya , Metcalf Cameron S. , Fujimoto Shinji , Hasegawa Shigeo , Miyamoto Maki , Sunahara Eiji , Watanabe Sayuri , Kondo Shinichi , White H. Steve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe formation of 24S‐hydroxycholesterol is a brain‐specific mechanism of cholesterol catabolism catalyzed by cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase (CYP46A1, also known as CH24H). CH24H has been implicated in various biological mechanisms, whereas pharmacological lowering of 24S‐hydroxycholesterol has not been fully studied. Soticlestat is a novel small‐molecule inhibitor of CH24H. Its therapeutic potential was previously identified in a mouse model with an epileptic phenotype. In the present study, the anticonvulsive property of soticlestat was characterized in rodent models of epilepsy that have long been used to identify antiseizure medications.MethodsThe anticonvulsive property of soticlestat was investigated in maximal electroshock seizures (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) acute seizures, 6‐Hz psychomotor seizures, audiogenic seizures, amygdala kindling, PTZ kindling, and corneal kindling models. Soticlestat was characterized in a PTZ kindling model under steady‐state pharmacokinetics to relate its anticonvulsive effects to pharmacodynamics.ResultsAmong models of acutely evoked seizures, whereas anticonvulsive effects of soticlestat were identified in Frings mice, a genetic model of audiogenic seizures, it was found ineffective in MES, acute PTZ seizures, and 6‐Hz seizures. The protective effects of soticlestat against audiogenic seizures increased with repetitive dosing. Soticlestat was also tested in models of progressive seizure severity. Soticlestat treatment delayed kindling acquisition, whereas fully kindled animals were not protected. Importantly, soticlestat suppressed the progression of seizure severity in correlation with 24S‐hydroxycholesterol lowering in the brain, suggesting that 24S‐hydroxycholesterol can be aggressively reduced to produce more potent effects on seizure development in kindling acquisition.SignificanceThe data collectively suggest that soticlestat can ameliorate seizure symptoms through a mechanism distinct from conventional antiseizure medications. With its novel mechanism of action, soticlestat could constitute a novel class of antiseizure medications for treatment of intractable epilepsy disorders such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.
Elder financial abuse based on victim–perpetrator relationship as perceived by Asian young adults
Authors: Mohideen Fadhila Ahamed , Khokhlova Olga 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to examine how Asian adults perceive the severity of elder financial abuse (EFA) based on victim–perpetrator relationship and the explanations they give for minimizing it when the perpetrator is a close family member.BackgroundFinancial abuse, one of the fastest growing forms of abuse in the elderly population, has remained understudied, especially in Asian communities, due to cultural variations in its definition and perception.MethodA mixed‐methods study design was utilized. One hundred sixty‐four participants responded to two vignettes depicting EFA perpetrated by a close family member (son) and nonfamily member (neighbor).ResultsPaired samples t test found significant differences in severity ratings of EFA committed by son and neighbor within Asian adults. The qualitative report explored participants' explanations for minimizing EFA perpetrated by close family member using thematic analysis, which identified two major themes: (a) dismissal of severity and responsibility and (2) justification of abuse.ConclusionThis is one of the few studies to provide valuable insight into the influence of culture on perceptions of elder abuse.ImplicationsWith the elderly population in Asia increasing steadily, culturally relevant risk factors of abuse need to be identified because this could guide legal provisions that help protect the rights of older individuals.
What exactly are you restoring us to? A critical examination of Indigenous experiences of state‐centred restorative justice
Authors: Tauri Juan Marcellus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past 30 years the restorative justice (RJ) movement has become increasingly accepted within the creases of formal justice systems everywhere, but most especially within the systems of settler‐colonial states. From a critical Indigenous perspective one especially powerful driver for the elevation of RJ to its current exalted place in state crime control, has been the purposeful utilisation of Indigenous cultural artefacts by the movement to market their wares. Utilising research on Indigenous peoples’ experiences of state‐centred RJ programmes, this article challenges claims made by RJ practitioners and state functionaries regarding the emancipatory potential of RJ practices for Indigenous peoples residing in settler colonial contexts.
The development of 3D technology for the creation of glass sealants for tubular oxide fuel cells
Authors: Saetova N. S. , Shirokova E.S. , Krainova D. A. , Chebykin N. S. , Ananchenko B. A. , Tolstobrov I.V. , Belozerov K.S. , Kuzmin A. V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe creation of gas‐tight connections in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) requires finding a suitable glass sealant composition and developing high‐tech approaches to sealant molding. 3D printing has been used successfully to mold SOFC functional materials (anode, electrolyte), and this study tests its applicability to glass sealant printing. We have found the composition of the glass‐filled polymer compound to print glass sealants for tubular SOFCs: the polycaprolactone/filler ratio is 60/40 wt%. Silica has been shown to be a good model filler to polish the 3D printing technology. Polymer decomposition during sealing leads to the formation of voids and seal failure, which indicates that the filler content of 40 wt % is insufficient for such purposes.
Oral findings in kidney transplant children and adolescents
Authors: Tuma Marina , Silva Andrade Natália , Correia Aires Rosana , Cristelli Marina Pontello , Medina Pestana José Osmar , Gallottini Marina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents undergoing kidney transplantation may present oral conditions after the procedure, but a few studies have recently described them.AimTo describe the oral conditions of post‐renal transplant children and adolescents.DesignTwo calibrated dentists examined all the participants by assessing caries experience, enamel defects, periodontal condition and soft tissue lesions.ResultsA total of 120 participants were included in the study, in which 63 (52.5%) were male and 57 (47.5%) were female, with a mean age of 12.78 ± 3.9 years. Among the participants, 104 (86.7%) showed at least one oral change directly related to kidney disease. The most frequent oral findings were enamel defect (49/120; 40.8%) and drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) (20/120; 16.7%). Gingival bleeding was observed on probing in 115 (95.8%) participants, whereas 69 (57.5%) presented dental calculus and 51 (42.5%) had caries experience.ConclusionGingival bleeding, enamel defects and DIGO were the most frequent oral findings in kidney transplant children and adolescents. The use of amlodipine and anticonvulsants was associated with DIGO, and there was a positive correlation between oral ulcers and use of everolimus.
Tissue chondrification and ossification in keloids with primary report of five cases
Authors: Li Qiannan , Tu Tian , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Wenbo , Gao Zhen , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKeloid is commonly regarded as a benign skin tumour. Some keloids clinically exhibit hard tissue texture similar to that of cartilage or bone. We hypothesized that the keloid pathological niche environment is likely to induce keloid MSCs towards chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation and leads to cartilage or bone‐like tissue formation. The differences in tissue ossification, histology, mechanical properties, abnormal extracellular matrices and chondrogenic/osteogenic gene expression among sclerous keloids (SKs), regular keloids (RKs) and normal skins (NKs) were carefully examined. The sporadic ossified islets existed in SK group whereas no ossified/chondrified islet was found in other groups by micro‐CT reconstruction. H&E, Masson trichrome and safranin O staining revealed lacuna‐like structures in SKs, which were featured as bone/cartilage histology. Immunohistochemical staining showed overproduction of osteoprotegerin, type I and III collagen in SK group but similar production level of aggrecan among three groups. The biomechanical analysis demonstrated the weakest compliance of SK tissues. In addition, SK fibroblasts exhibited a relatively slower proliferation rate but higher expression levels of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes among all three groups. These cell populations also showed the strongest potential for lineage transformation. In conclusion, we first reported the presence of ossified and chondrified matrices in some extremely hard keloids in the present study.
Dissecting heat tolerance and yield stability in maize from greenhouse and field experiments
Authors: Liu Mayang , Sheng Dechang , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Yuanyuan , Hou Xinfang , Wang Yuqi , Wang Pu , Guan Ling , Dong Xin , Huang Shoubing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh temperature during flowering increasingly reduces maize yield with warming climate. Heat tolerance of maize is however not fully understood in the aspect of flowering characteristics and yield stability, especially in the female flowering patterns. Temperature‐controlled greenhouse studies were conducted to test heat tolerances of four inbred lines and five hybrids, including 30/20 and 40/30°C treatments during 15 days bracketing the silking stage. Field studies were conducted to determine yield stabilities of five hybrids at three stations including four field environments. In greenhouse study, fertility rate and kernel number per ear (KN/ear) of nine genotypes reduced from 34.41–83.03% and 162.0–653.7 at 30/20°C to 0.68–23.13% and 0.3–332.5 at 40/30°C, respectively, mainly due to reduced pollen shed weight (PSW), pollen viability (PV) and silking rate (SR) at 40/30°C. Hybrids Chang7‐2×Qi319 and Chang7‐2×Xian2 showed significantly higher yields and KN/ear at 30/20°C, but only Chang7‐2×Qi319 performed better at 40/30°C. In field studies, Chang7‐2×Xian2, Xian2×Zheng58, Qi319×Xian2 and Chang7‐2×Qi319 were winning hybrids at specific environments. Chang7‐2×Xian2 showed the highest yield potential due to the larger ear size and KN/ear but a lower yield stability because of the lower PSW and PV. Chang7‐2×Qi319 combined high‐yield potential and high‐yield stability, which can be explained by large PSW, high PV and SR, and stable flowering pattern at different environments. Female flowering pattern (e.g. silking dynamics) is also a key determinant of high temperature tolerance and yield stability in maize. Hence, maize male and female organs should be equally concerned when achieving high and stable yield under different adverse environments in warming climate.
Financial reporting uniformity: Its relation to comparability and its impact on financial statement users
Authors: L. Caylor Marcus , J. Chambers Dennis , Mutlu Sunay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explore the relation between financial reporting uniformity and comparability. We also examine the effect of uniformity on analyst coverage, analyst forecast accuracy and analyst forecast dispersion. We develop a Compustat‐based financial statement account uniformity measure based on the presentation of common financial statement line items. We define uniformity using a Jaccard similarity index where a firm's non‐missing Compustat data items are compared to a prototypical firm for that industry year. We emphasize the conceptual difference between uniformity and comparability, and our tests do not show a significant association between uniformity and output‐based accounting comparability. However, we find that the association between account uniformity and comparability becomes positive in high research and development firms, while it becomes negative in firms with higher managerial discretion. We explore the association between uniformity and information processing efficiencies, and we show that our uniformity measure is positively associated with analyst coverage. Furthermore, we partition our uniformity measure into separate income statement and balance sheet components. We find that income statement uniformity is associated with higher forecast accuracy and lower forecast dispersion, while balance sheet uniformity is associated with greater analyst coverage. Finally, we provide further support for these findings using an XBRL‐based uniformity measure.