bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do preservice teachers cheat in college, too? A quantitative study of academic integrity among preservice teachers
Authors: DiPaulo Donald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch has found that academic dishonesty (AD) is common among college and university undergraduate students worldwide (International Center for Academic Integrity, 2021). Two variables found to have a significant effect on student cheating were students’ attitudes toward AD and perceptions of peer engagement in AD (McCabe et al., 2012). This quantitative research study examined preservice teachers’ attitudes and behaviors related to academic dishonesty. Utilizing three parts of the Academic Integrity Survey, this study analyzed data from 62 preservice teachers enrolled at a university in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States that were preparing to teach students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grades in both public and private schools. Data analyses examined the frequency rates at which preservice teachers self-reported engaging in academic dishonesty, as well as the relationships that existed between preservice teachers’ attitudes toward academic dishonesty, perceptions of peer engagement in AD, and self-reported engagement in AD. Results showed that rates for self-reported engagement in academic dishonesty among preservice teachers were similar to those found for undergraduates in other majors, with attitude toward behavior found to be significantly associated with and predictive of self-reported engagement in academic cheating among this group of preservice teachers.
„Sie wissen ja, welche Schätze sie im Kollegium haben“ – Der Einsatz förderpädagogischer Lehrkräfte in Grundschulen aus der Perspektive der Educational-Governance
Authors: Wolf Lisa Marie , Dietze Torsten , Moser Vera , Kuhl Jan 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht aus der Perspektive der Educational Governance, wie und durch welche Akteure des Mehrebenensystems Schule der Einsatz förderpädagogischer Lehrkräfte an Grundschulen im Kontext inklusiver Bildung gesteuert wird. Die Grundlage hierfür bilden Erhebungen in vier deutschen Bundesländern, die von 2018 bis 2021 durchgeführt wurden. Es zeigt sich eine als „fragmentarisch“ bezeichnete Steuerung, die sich vornehmlich auf Maßnahmen der Inputsteuerung beschränkt und Elemente der Outputsteuerung weitgehend außen vor lässt. Innerschulisch können verschiedene Verhandlungsmodi über den Einsatz der förderpädagogischen Lehrkräfte gefunden werden. Es erfolgt eine Verlagerung der Verantwortung für die Ausgestaltung inklusiver Bildung auf die Einzelschule und insbesondere auf die förderpädagogischen Lehrkräfte.
Dynamics of Nitrogen Gaseous Losses Following the Application of Foliar Nanoformulations to Grasslands
Authors: Hube Sara , Salazar Francisco , Rodríguez Marion , Mejías Jaime , Ramírez Luis , Alfaro Marta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing rates of nitrogen (N) conventional fertilizer have led to increasing risks of N losses to the atmosphere, mainly as ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar N-based nanoformulations on the dynamics of N2O and NH3 emissions from grasslands. Six N treatments (50 kg N ha−1) plus a control (n = 4) were tested on a completely randomized design: granular urea (Urea-g), dissolved urea (Urea-d), dissolved ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and nitrate-, urea-, and ammonium-based nanoformulations (NO3-F, Urea-F, NH4-F) applied as foliar spray to intact soil cores maintained under controlled conditions. In addition, a control N = 0 was included. Cumulative emissions of N2O and NH3 (mg N m−2) were measured using dynamic/static chambers. Effects on yield and soil available N were also quantified. Volatilization of NH3 was the main N loss pathway (ranged from 2 to 51% of the N applied). Higher emissions were observed with NH4-F and low emissions in the nitrate-based fertilizers. Direct N2O losses were low compared to NH3 losses, varying between 0.07 and 0.25% of the N applied. Due to high NH3 losses, indirect N2O losses were 0.3 to 2.8 times greater than direct N2O losses. There was no effect of N treatments on soil available N or pasture yield. The application of a NO3-foliar formulation emerges as a potential alternative for the mitigation of integrated N gaseous emissions. Ammonium-based nanoformulations require improvements in order to reduce losses. Further studies should include yield evaluations under field conditions, cost–benefit analysis, and potential impacts in the agri-food chain.
Eliminated routine postorthotopic liver transplant antibiotics in uncomplicated patients leads to equivalent safety outcomes
Authors: Yau Jesica , Dann Jillian , Geyston Jennifer , Hall Heather Cox , Pelletier Shawn , Sifri Costi D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate safety and efficacy end points of a postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in liver transplant (LT) patients, which was revised to limit antibiotic use.Methods:In the routine antibiotics group (RA), patients routinely received prophylactic antibiotics for around 3 days postoperatively for a variety of rationales, versus the limited antibiotics group (LA), in which patients received antibiotics for the treatment of secondary peritonitis. Patients were included if they were 18 or older and underwent liver transplant between January 2016 and September 2019. In total, 216 patients remained after exclusion: 118 patients in the RA group and 98 patients in the LA group.Results:We detected a significant difference in the primary end point of postoperative antibiotic days of therapy. The median days of therapy was 2 for the RA group and 0 for the LA group (P< 0.005). Significantly fewer patients received only intraoperative antibiotics in the RA group versus the LA group: 42 (35.6%) versus 76 (73.5%) respectively (P< .005). There was no significant difference in secondary or safety outcomes, including surgical site infections.Conclusions:This study provides evidence that limiting the duration of prophylactic antibiotics postoperatively and treating most patients with only intraoperative antibiotics is safe.
Evaluating ex situ rates of carbon dioxide flux from northern Borneo peat swamp soils
Authors: Low Ying Si Eliza , Chadwick Michael A. , Smith Thomas E. L. , Sukmaria Sukri Rahayu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study quantified CO2 emissions from tropical peat swamp soils in Brunei Darussalam. At each site, soil was collected from areas of intact and degraded peat and CO2 flux, and total organic content were measured ex situ. Soil organic content (~20–99%) was not significantly different between intact and degraded forest samples. CO2 flux was higher for intact forest samples than degraded forest samples (~1.0 vs. ~0.6 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively) but did not differ among forest locations. From our laboratory experiments, we estimated a potential emissions of ~10–20 t CO2 ha−1 y−1 which is in the lower range of values reported for other tropical peat swamps. However, our results are likely affected by unmeasured variation in root respiration and the lability of resident carbon. Overall, these findings provide experimental evidence to support that clearance of tropical peat swamp forests can increase CO2 emissions due to faster rates of decomposition.
‘A real revolution’: Ireland and the Oxford Group/Moral Re-Armament movement, 1933–2001
Authors: Whelan Bernadette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the twentieth century, Ireland, north and south, was infiltrated to varying degrees by a transnational quasi-religious and political movement, Moral Re-Armament (M.R.A.). From its founding in the early 1920s by an American evangelist and former Lutheran pastor, Frank Buchman, through the peak of moral revivalism in the 1930s, its Cold War work after 1945 and its reinvention as a secular, multi-faith, reconciliation organisation in the 1960s, this article examines M.R.A.'s structural and ideological origins and its evolution in Ireland, the U.S. and Britain. Based on primary source materials, it argues that Ireland, characterised by two ideologically narrow cultural and political monoliths, was not immune to external spiritual and quasi-political influences and that M.R.A.'s activities in Ireland confirm these distinctive religious and political cultures while also revealing similarities. Moreover, it reveals that non-governmental M.R.A. adherents were in advance of governments in their desire for peaceful solutions to the Irish partition issue and the Cold War more generally. The article, therefore, examines an international movement which had personal, national and global significance within the context of transnational religious, political and foreign policy studies as well as the national narratives of Northern Ireland and Ireland.
WIGGLE MATCHING WITH CORRELATIONS
Authors: Muzikar Paul , Heaton Timothy J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWiggle matching is an important and powerful technique in radiocarbon dating that can be used to improve the precision of calendar age estimates. All radiocarbon determinations require calibration to provide calendar age estimates. This calibration is achieved by comparing the determinations against a calibration curve $\mu ( \cdot )$ to calculate the probability the sample arises from any particular calendar age t. Wiggle matching involves the calibration of a set of radiocarbon determinations taken from samples with known separations between their calendar ages. Since the calendar age separations between samples are known, all the calendar ages are known functions of one particular age, ${T_1}$ — commonly the most recent calendar age. Dating the sequence then reduces to considering $p({T_1} = {t_1}|data)$, the probability of the calendar age ${t_1}$ given the set of radiocarbon determinations. In previous work, a Bayesian approach has been used to derive a nice formula for this quantity under the assumption we have independent pointwise estimates of the calibration curve $\mu (t)$. In this paper, we derive a generalization of this formula showing how to incorporate covariance information from the calibration curve under an assumption of multivariate normality.
It’s About Power but Also Norms: A Pedagogical Approach to Teaching About the American Presidency
Authors: Harbin M. Brielle 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductory undergraduate courses in American politics often center the Constitution and focus on fundamental principles, structures, and processes. Unfortunately, this focus allows less space to discuss the role that norms play in supporting formal rules and institutions in the American political system. As a political science professor teaching an introductory course on American politics in 2019 and 2020, I became acutely aware of the limitations of this course design. This context showcased the ways in which many of these norms are taken for granted by many, including American politics scholars. Moreover, it sparked conversations among my colleagues about whether we should adapt to the moment and update our instruction to place greater emphasis on norms to contextualize the present political moment for our students. My answer was yes. However, doing so requires instructors to be attentive to issues of objectivity, authority, and partisanship. This article shares strategies that I plan to implement when I teach this course again. In particular, I discuss three guiding pedagogical principles when teaching about presidential norms. I then provide discussion questions that instructors can use to spark conversations about the relationship between adherence to presidential norms and the stability of American political institutions.
Pathways from insecure attachment to paranoia: the mediating role of emotion regulation
Authors: Partridge Olivia , Maguire Tess , Newman-Taylor Katherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground:Paranoia is common across the clinical and non-clinical spectrum. Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis currently yields modest results, warranting research into symptom-specific maintenance factors to improve outcomes. There is strong evidence of a relationship between insecure attachment and increased paranoia, but little is known about the mediating mechanisms. Emotion dysregulation is associated with both insecure attachment and paranoia, and a candidate causal mechanism.Aims:This study aimed to determine if emotion dysregulation mediates the association between attachment and paranoia.Method:Sixty-two individuals with elevated paranoia were recruited from NHS services and community settings across the South of England. Mediation analyses were conducted on trait attachment, emotion regulation and paranoia variables, which were collected at one time point.Results:As predicted, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and paranoia, and between attachment anxiety and paranoia. Emotion suppression did not mediate the relationship between attachment avoidance and paranoia, possibly due to power. Attachment avoidance correlated with deactivating emotion regulation strategies (e.g. lack of emotional awareness) and attachment anxiety correlated with hyperactivating emotion regulation strategies (e.g. impulse control difficulties). Both deactivating and hyperactivating strategies correlated with paranoia.Conclusion:Emotion dysregulation is not routinely targeted in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. This study suggests that incorporating emotion regulation strategies in therapy may improve clinical outcomes. Experimental studies are now required to support a causal argument, and pilot intervention studies should investigate if emotion regulation skills development (aligned with attachment style) is effective in reducing non-clinical and clinical paranoia.
The Exile of Juan José Arévalo and the Decline of Guatemala's Democratic Left, 1954–63
Authors: Culpepper Miles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the political afterlife of the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944-54 by relating the story of exiled political elites and their efforts to retake power in the decade following the CIA-sponsored coup of 1954. Through a thorough examination of the personal papers of Juan José Arévalo, the article argues that the demise of Guatemala's democratic left was not inevitable after 1954, but rather that the counterrevolutionary period (1954–63) was full of historical contingencies and possibilities. Factional tensions were rife among the exiled leftists, rooted especially in a debate over the culpability of Jacobo Arbenz and other radicals in the demise of the government, as well as disagreement over the proper relationship between the broader revolutionary movement and the communist Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT). This factionalism, as well as a failure to fully grasp from exile the extent to which Guatemala's political landscape had changed, ultimately rendered the movement unsuccessful in its bid to retake power. In 1963, a presidential campaign to restore Arévalo to power was ended by a military coup. The coup was a significant turning point in Guatemalan political history, after which there were few opportunities for the democratic left.
Copper Isotopic Fractionation During Seafloor Alteration: Insights From Altered Basalts in the Mariana and Yap Trenches
Authors: Guo Zixiao , Tian Heng‐Ci , Liu Yadong , Peng Xiaotong , Qin Guohong , Lv Yiwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo further investigate copper (Cu) isotopic fractionation during seawater‐oceanic crust interactions, 13 subsamples across a basalt altering section and 12 bulk‐rock basalts from the southern Mariana and Yap trenches, western Pacific Ocean, were studied. We find that the δ65Cu values of the basalt section roughly increase from mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like values (0.04% – 0.10%) in the core to higher values (up to 0.20%) near the core‐rim interface, and then lower values (down to −0.17%) at the rims. Isotopically light rims reflect the initial dissolution of Cu‐bearing sulfides releasing isotopically heavy Cu into ambient seawater, consistent with both lower Cu and sulfide contents in the altered rims. The elevated δ65Cu values reveal that sulfide dissolution induced a concentration‐driven diffusion from the core to rims, controlling the rim‐core‐rim Cu content and isotopic variations on centimeter scale. By contrast, the δ65Cu values of bulk‐rock basalts show a wide range (0.02% – 0.56%) with most samples enriched in heavy isotopes, and negatively correlate with Cu concentrations, indicating preferential adsorption of isotopically heavy Cu from seawater. We propose that chemical diffusion occurred prior to any adsorption processes, suggesting that a three‐stage process involving sulfide dissolution, chemical diffusion and adsorption controls Cu isotopic fractionation during seafloor basalt alteration.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate belowground carbon transfer between pines and oaks
Authors: Cahanovitc Rotem , Livne-Luzon Stav , Angel Roey , Klein Tamir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inter-kingdom belowground carbon (C) transfer is a significant, yet hidden, biological phenomenon, due to the complexity and highly dynamic nature of soil ecology. Among key biotic agents influencing C allocation belowground are ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). EMF symbiosis can extend beyond the single tree-fungus partnership to form common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). Despite the high prevalence of CMNs in forests, little is known about the identity of the EMF transferring the C and how these in turn affect the dynamics of C transfer. Here, Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos saplings growing in forest soil were labeled using a 13CO2 labeling system. Repeated samplings were applied during 36 days to trace how 13C was distributed along the tree-fungus-tree pathway. To identify the fungal species active in the transfer, mycorrhizal fine root tips were used for DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13CO2 followed by sequencing of labeled DNA. Assimilated 13CO2 reached tree roots within four days and was then transferred to various EMF species. C was transferred across all four tree species combinations. While Tomentella ellisii was the primary fungal mediator between pines and oaks, Terfezia pini, Pustularia spp., and Tuber oligospermum controlled C transfer among pines. We demonstrate at a high temporal, quantitative, and taxonomic resolution, that C from EMF host trees moved into EMF and that C was transferred further to neighboring trees of similar and distinct phylogenies.
Consideration of the reference value and number of measurements of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio based on the prevalence of untreated home hypertension: TMM Cohort Study
Authors: Kogure Mana , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Hirata Takumi , Nochioka Kotaro , Narita Akira , Hatanaka Rieko , Itabashi Fumi , Kanno Ikumi , Obara Taku , Satoh Michihiro , Metoki Hirohito , Miyagawa Ken , Koshimizu Hiroshi , Nagayoshi Sho , Uruno Akira , Kikuya Masahiro , Suzuki Kichiya , Nakaya Naoki , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tsuji Ichiro , Kure Shigeo , Hozawa Atsushi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is known to be associated with blood pressure (BP). However, no reference value has been established since the urinary Na/K (uNa/K) ratio is known to have diurnal and day-to-day variations. Therefore, we investigated the number of days required to yield a better association between the morning uNa/K ratio and home BP (HBP) and determined a morning uNa/K ratio value that can be used as a reference value in participants who are not taking antihypertensive medication. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Cohort Study. A total of 3122 participants borrowed HBP and uNa/K ratio monitors for 10 consecutive days. We assessed the relationship between the morning uNa/K ratio from 1 day to 10 days and home hypertension (HBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg) using multiple logistic regression models. Although a 1-day measurement of the morning uNa/K ratio was positively associated with home hypertension, multiple measurements of the morning uNa/K ratio were strongly related to home hypertension. The average morning uNa/K ratio was relatively stable after 3 days (adjusted odds ratio of home hypertension per unit increase in the uNa/K ratio for more than 3 days: 1.19–1.23). In conclusion, there was no threshold for the uNa/K ratio, and the morning uNa/K ratio was linearly associated with home hypertension. The Na/K ratio 2.0 calculated from the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese might be a good indication. Regarding the stability of the association between the morning uNa/K ratio and BP, more than 3 days of measurements is desirable.
Linking DNA repair and cell cycle progression through serine ADP-ribosylation of histones
Authors: Brustel Julien , Muramoto Tetsuya , Fumimoto Kazuki , Ellins Jessica , Pears Catherine J. , Lakin Nicholas D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough serine ADP-ribosylation (Ser-ADPr) by Poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerases is a cornerstone of the DNA damage response, how this regulates DNA repair and genome stability is unknown. Here, we exploit the ability to manipulate histone genes inDictyosteliumto identify that ADPr of the histone variant H3b at S10 and S28 maintains genome stability by integrating double strand break (DSB) repair with mitotic entry. Given the critical requirement for mitotic H3S10/28 phosphorylation, we develop separation of function mutations that maintain S10 phosphorylation whilst disrupting ADPr. Mechanistically, this reveals a requirement for H3bS10/28 ADPr in non-homologous end-joining by recruiting Ku to DSBs. Moreover, this also identifies H3bS10/S28 ADPr is critical to prevent premature mitotic entry with unresolved DNA damage, thus maintaining genome stability. Together, these data demonstrate how serine ADPr of histones coordinates DNA repair with cell cycle progression to maintain genome stability.
Genomic loci mispositioning in Tmem120a knockout mice yields latent lipodystrophy
Authors: Czapiewski Rafal , Batrakou Dzmitry G. , de las Heras Jose I. , Carter Roderick N. , Sivakumar Aishwarya , Sliwinska Magdalena , Dixon Charles R. , Webb Shaun , Lattanzi Giovanna , Morton Nicholas M. , Schirmer Eric C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle is known about how the observed fat-specific pattern of 3D-spatial genome organisation is established. Here we report that adipocyte-specific knockout of the gene encoding nuclear envelope transmembrane protein Tmem120a disrupts fat genome organisation, thus causing a lipodystrophy syndrome. Tmem120a deficiency broadly suppresses lipid metabolism pathway gene expression and induces myogenic gene expression by repositioning genes, enhancers and miRNA-encoding loci between the nuclear periphery and interior. Tmem120a−/−mice, particularly females, exhibit a lipodystrophy syndrome similar to human familial partial lipodystrophy FPLD2, with profound insulin resistance and metabolic defects that manifest upon exposure to an obesogenic diet. Interestingly, similar genome organisation defects occurred in cells from FPLD2 patients that harbour nuclear envelope protein encodingLMNAmutations. Our data indicate TMEM120A genome organisation functions affect many adipose functions and its loss may yield adiposity spectrum disorders, including a miRNA-based mechanism that could explain muscle hypertrophy in human lipodystrophy.