bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lin Donna Shu-Han , Lin Yu-Sheng , Lee Jen-Kuang , Kao Hsien-Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Women have been underrepresented in the literature; the effects of female sex on outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear.

Objectives
This study compares the real-world outcomes of women and men with AMI who have undergone revascularization via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. We identified patients who were admitted for AMI and who underwent coronary revascularization during the index admission period between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2013. Patients were then categorized based on the treatment received into PCI and CABG groups. In-hospital and long-term outcomes were compared between women and men in each group. Interaction tests were then performed to determine whether the differences between sexes were modified by the mode of revascularization. Analyses were repeated after propensity score matching between women and men in each group to minimize possible confounders. We also conducted subgroup analyses, stratifying by the presence of diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.

Results
We enrolled 67,534 patients who met the inclusion criteria in the analysis; 60,207 patients had undergone PCI (13,514 female and 46,693 male), while 7327 patients had received CABG (1762 female and 5565 male). Prior to matching, enrolled female patients were older on average, with more comorbidities. In-hospital and long-term outcomes were worse in women, particularly in the PCI group. After matching, the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) was higher in women (10.4% vs 8.0%, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22–1.43), with fewer repeat revascularizations (28.1% vs 32.4%, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.88). Both observations were more pronounced in the PCI group (HHF: P for interaction = 0.0496; repeat revascularization: P for interaction = 0.021).

Conclusions
Women presenting with AMI exhibited worse in-hospital and long-term outcomes than men, especially among women who received PCI as the initial mode of revascularization. Women who underwent PCI were more likely to be admitted for heart failure during follow-up. Possible socioeconomic inequalities or a distinct pathobiology of cardiac ischemia between sexes may underlie these results; thus, further investigation is needed.
Placement of LC-II and trans-sacral screws using a robotic arm in a simulated bone model in the supine position – a feasibility study
Authors: Carlson Jon B. , Zou Jiyao , Hartley Brandi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The use of a robotic arm has been well-described in the literature for the placement of pedicle screws in spine surgery as well as implants for sacroiliac joint fusion. There are no reports describing the use of a robotic arm to place screws in osseous fixation pathways (OFPs) employed in the treatment of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures outside of a single center in China. Using a Sawbones model, the authors describe a technique for using a robotic arm widely available in Europe and the Americas for placement of 6.5 mm cannulated screws into two OFPs commonly used in the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures.

Methods
Using the Mazor X Stealth Edition (MSXE) robot from Medtronic, the authors were able to place a pin into the pelvis onto which the robot was docked. The authors were then able to designate the area of interest using navigated instruments, and in combination with the MSXE “scan and plan” marker, obtain cross-sectional imaging using the O-Arm and successfully register the MSXE robot. We then used the provided software to plan trajectories for the lateral compression type 2 (LC-II) screw pathway as well as a pathway for a trans-ilio-trans-sacral screw. We describe in detail the steps for setup, planning and placement of 6.5 mm cannulated screws using the MSXE robotic arm into these two OFPs.

Results
Visual inspection and plain x-rays demonstrated successful placement of the screws into the two planned OFPs. No breach of cortical bone was seen on either visual inspection of the model or demonstrated on post-procedure x-rays.

Conclusion
It is possible to use the Mazor X Stealth Edition robot to place screws into the LC-II and trans-ilio-transsacral screw pathways in a Sawbones model. This is only a feasibility study, and should in no way be taken to suggest that clinical application of this technique should be attempted.
Molecular mediators involved in skin healing: a narrative review
Authors: dos Santos Leite Camila , César Pires Oscar , Henrique Avi Pedro , Luiza M. Soto Maria , Ribeiro Martins Ariane , Rocha Thalita 
Published: April 2022

Background: The expression of biological mediators, such as growth factors and cytokines, after skin damage, and their balance, is important to guarantee proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells and extracellular matrix, as well as to the homeostasis during tissue remodeling. The present review means to clarify their functions over inflammation, proliferation and remodeling stages of skin regeneration. Methods: Reviews, experimental studies and clinical trials included in this paper were search on PubMed database using the following terms: platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, keratinocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, endothelial vascular growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 1, interferon gamma, transcription nuclear factor kappa B, skin inflammation, skin cell proliferation, skin extracellular matrix and skin regeneration. Results and Discussion: Several studies on the signaling mechanism of these mediators in normal and impaired healing have already been developed and have shown promising results. Currently, some of these mediators are already direct focuses of potential clinical therapies that address the treatment of acute and chronic skin wounds. These mediators, basically synthetized by platelets, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, act on epidermis and dermis proliferation, hypertrophy and cell migration, resulting in formation of granulation tissue, reepithelization and extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. A better understanding of the action of these mediators can provide greater knowledge not only of their roles in the natural healing process but also in the presence of disorders that affect skin repair. Conclusion: Future studies aimed to understand the mechanism of action of these mediators in the different types of cells involved in wound healing may lead to the discovery of new therapeutics to optimize the treatment of skin pathologies.
Play Like the Pros? Solving the Game of Darts as a Dynamic Zero-Sum Game
Authors: Haugh Martin B. , Wang Chun 
Published: April 2022

The game of darts has enjoyed great growth over the past decade with the perception of darts moving from that of a pub game to a game that is regularly scheduled on prime-time television in many countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Australia, among others. It involves strategic interactions between two players, but to date, the literature has ignored these interactions. In this paper, we formulate and solve the game of darts as a dynamic zero-sum game (ZSG), and to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to do so. We also estimate individual skill models using a novel data set based on darts matches that were played by the top 16 professional players in the world during the 2019 season. Using the fitted skill models and our ZSG problem formulation, we quantify the importance of playing strategically—that is, taking into account the score and strategy of one’s opponent—when computing an optimal strategy. For top professionals, we find that playing strategically results in an increase in win probability of just 0.2%–0.6% over a single leg but as much as 2.2% over a best-of-31-legs match. Summary of Contribution: Dynamic zero-sum games (ZSGs) are of considerable interest, as they arise in many applications including sports, the management of communication networks, interdiction games, and heads-up poker—an important topic in modern artificial intelligence. In this study we consider the game of darts, which is growing increasingly popular around the world today. We formulate the game of darts as a ZSG and solve it iteratively by formulating each player’s best-response problem as a stochastic shortest-path (SSP) problem. We then solve these SSPs using standard dynamic programming methods. In solving the ZSG, we are able to accurately quantify the importance of top professionals playing strategically.
UMA INTRODUÇÃO AO LATIM BOTÂNICO POR MEIO DE UM TEXTO DE GUILHERME PISO
Authors: Florêncio Francisco De Assis 
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma introdução ao Latim Botânico (LB), a partir da análise de um trecho da Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (HNB). O trecho citado tem por título De Vmbu Arbore Illiusque Facultatibus, cujo autor é Willem Piso, ilustre médico alemão que veio ao Brasil na companhia do conde Maurício de Nassau e sua comitiva. Poderíamos ter escolhido qualquer texto de autoria de Piso presente na HNB, já que todos serviriam de exemplo para o LB, mas escolhemos o supracitado pelo fato de ele abordar uma árvore de vital importância para o povo nordestino: o umbuzeiro. O texto será apresentado em sua língua original, o latim, mas não o latim clássico, e sim uma variante dele, que se caracteriza por uma linguagem técnica, voltada principalmente para descrever e classificar animais e plantas, vindo a se tornar, no século XVIII, a língua da Botânica, principalmente na nomenclatura. Do ponto de vista teórico, fundamentamo-nos principalmente na obra Botanical Latin, de William T. Stear, sem nos olvidarmos, porém, de outras fontes. A título de cotejo, baseamo-nos especialmente em duas obras, que, provavelmente, foram consultadas por Piso: Tratados da terra e gente do Brasil, de Fernão Cardim e Notícia do Brasil: Tratado descritivo do Brasil em 1587, de Gabriel Soares de Sousa.
Effect of a single dose of 8 mg moxidectin or 150 μg/kg ivermectin on O. volvulus skin microfilariae in a randomized trial: Differences between areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia and Ghana and impact of intensity of infection
Authors: Bakajika Didier , Kanza Eric M. , Opoku Nicholas O. , Howard Hayford M. , Mambandu Germain L. , Nyathirombo Amos , Nigo Maurice M. , Kennedy Kambale Kasonia , Masembe Safari L. , Mumbere Mupenzi , Kataliko Kambale , Bolay Kpehe M. , Attah Simon K. , Olipoh George , Asare Sampson , Vaillant Michel , Halleux Christine M. , Kuesel Annette C. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Our study in CDTI-naïve areas in Nord Kivu and Ituri (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC), Lofa County (Liberia) and Nkwanta district (Ghana) showed that a single 8 mg moxidectin dose reduced skin microfilariae density (microfilariae/mg skin, SmfD) better and for longer than a single 150μg/kg ivermectin dose. We now analysed efficacy by study area and pre-treatment SmfD (intensity of infection, IoI).

Methodology/Principal findings
Four and three IoI categories were defined for across-study and by-study area analyses, respectively. We used a general linear model to analyse SmfD 1, 6, 12 and 18 months post-treatment, a logistic model to determine the odds of undetectable SmfD from month 1 to month 6 (UD1-6), month 12 (UD1-12) and month 18 (UD1-18), and descriptive statistics to quantitate inter-interindividual response differences. Twelve months post-treatment, treatment differences (difference in adjusted geometric mean SmfD after moxidectin and ivermectin in percentage of the adjusted geometric mean SmfD after ivermectin treatment) were 92.9%, 90.1%, 86.8% and 84.5% in Nord Kivu, Ituri, Lofa and Nkwanta, and 74.1%, 84.2%, 90.0% and 95.4% for participants with SmfD 10–20, ≥20-<50, ≥50-<80, ≥80, respectively. Ivermectin’s efficacy was lower in Ituri and Nkwanta than Nord Kivu and Lofa (p≤0.002) and moxidectin’s efficacy lower in Nkwanta than Nord Kivu, Ituri and Lofa (p<0.006). Odds ratios for UD1-6, UD1-12 or UD1-18 after moxidectin versus ivermectin treatment exceeded 7.0. Suboptimal response (SmfD 12 months post-treatment >40% of pre-treatment SmfD) occurred in 0%, 0.3%, 1.6% and 3.9% of moxidectin and 12.1%, 23.7%, 10.8% and 28.0% of ivermectin treated participants in Nord Kivu, Ituri, Lofa and Nkwanta, respectively.

Conclusions/Significance
The benefit of moxidectin vs ivermectin treatment increased with pre-treatment IoI. The possibility that parasite populations in different areas have different drug susceptibility without prior ivermectin selection pressure needs to be considered and further investigated.

Clinical Trial Registration
Registered on 14 November 2008 in Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT00790998).
Healthcare contacts with self-harm during COVID-19: An e-cohort whole-population-based study using individual-level linked routine electronic health records in Wales, UK, 2016—March 2021
Authors: DelPozo-Banos M. , Lee S. C. , Friedmann Y. , Akbari A. , Torabi F. , Lloyd K. , Lyons R. A. , John A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Reduced rates of help seeking by those who self-harmed during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported.

Objectives
To understand changes in healthcare service contacts for self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic across primary, emergency and secondary care.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used routine electronic healthcare data for Wales, United Kingdom, from 2016 to March 14, 2021. Population-based data from primary care, emergency departments and hospital admissions were linked at individual-level. All Welsh residents aged ≥10 years over the study period were included in the study. Primary, emergency and secondary care contacts with self-harm at any time between 2016 and March 14, 2021 were identified. Outcomes were counts, incidence, prevalence and proportion of self-harm contacts relative to all contacts in each and all settings, as well as the proportion of people contacting one or more settings with self-harm. Weekly trends were modelled using generalised estimated equations, with differences between 2020 (to March 2021) and comparison years 2016–2018 (to March 2017–2019) quantified using difference in differences, from which mean rate of odds ratios (μROR) across years was reported.

Results
The study included 3,552,210 individuals over the study period. Self-harm contacts reduced across services in March and December 2020 compared to previous years. Primary care contacts with self-harm reduced disproportionately compared to non-self-harm contacts (μROR = 0.7, p<0.05), while their proportion increased in emergency departments during April 2020 (μROR = 1.3, p<0.05 in 2/3 comparison years) and hospital admissions during April-May 2020 (μROR = 1.2, p<0.05 in 2/3 comparison years). Despite this, those who self-harmed in April 2020 were more likely to be seen in primary care than other settings compared to previous years (μROR = 1.2, p<0.05). A lower proportion of those with self-harm contacts in emergency departments were subsequently admitted to hospital in December 2020 compared to previous years (μROR = 0.5, p<0.05).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that those who self-harmed during the COVID-19 pandemic may have been less likely to seek help, and those who did so faced more stringent criteria for admission. Communications encouraging those who self-harm to seek help during pandemics may be beneficial. However, this needs to be supported by maintained provision of mental health services.
Magnitude, pattern and correlates of multimorbidity among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia: The application of latent class analysis model
Authors: Eyowas Fantu Abebe , Schneider Marguerite , Alemu Shitaye , Pati Sanghamitra , Getahun Fentie Ambaw 
Published: April 2022

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the magnitude, pattern and associated factors of multimorbidity in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A multi-centered facility-based study was conducted among 1440 participants aged 40+ years attending chronic outpatient medical care. Two complementary methods (interview and review of medical records) were employed to collect data on socio-demographic, behavioral and disease related characteristics. The data were analyzed by STATA V.16 and R Software V.4.1.0. We fitted logistic regression and latent class analyses (LCA) models to identify the factors associated with multimorbidity and determine patterns of disease clustering, respectively. Statistical significance was considered at P-value <0.05.

Results
The magnitude of individual chronic conditions ranged from 1.4% (cancer) to 37.9% (hypertension), and multimorbidity was identified in 54.8% (95% CI = 52.2%-57.4%) of the sample. The likelihood of having multimorbidity was higher among participants aged 45–54 years (AOR: 1.6, 95%CI = 1.1, 2.2), 55–64 years (AOR: 2.6, 95%CI = 1.9, 3.6) and 65+ years (AOR: 2.6, 95%CI = 1.9, 3.6) compared to those aged 40–44 years. The odds of multimorbidity was also higher among individuals classified as overweight (AOR: 1.6, 95%CI = 1.2, 2.1) or obese (AOR: 1.9, 95%CI = 1.3, 3.0) than the normal weight category. Four patterns of multimorbidity were identified; the cardiovascular category being the largest class (50.2%) followed by the cardio-mental, (32.6%), metabolic (11.5%) and respiratory (5.7%) groups. Advanced age, being overweight and obesity predicted latent class membership, adjusting for relevant confounding factors.

Conclusions
The magnitude of multimorbidity in this study was high, and the most prevalent conditions shaped the patterns of multimorbidity. Advanced age, being overweight and obesity were the factors correlated with multimorbidity. Further research is required to better understand the burden of multimorbidity and related factors in the population, and to determine the impact of multimorbidity on individuals’ well-being and functioning.
A novel smartphone app to change risk behaviors of women after gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Potzel Anne L. , Gar Christina , Banning Friederike , Sacco Vanessa , Fritsche Andreas , Fritsche Louise , Müssig Karsten , Dauben Laura , Seissler Jochen , Lechner Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AimsWomen after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are a risk group for cardiometabolic diseases but are hard to reach by conventional lifestyle programs. Therefore, we tested whether a novel, smartphone-delivered intervention,TRIANGLE, is accepted by women after GDM and alters cardiometabolic risk behaviors and outcomes.TRIANGLEtargets gradual habit change of mind and emotion, physical activity, nutrition, and sleep.MethodsWe conducted a 6-month multicenter, randomized-controlled trial ofTRIANGLEversus standard care with 66 women 3–18 months after GDM in Germany. The primary outcome was the proportion of women achieving ≥3 out of 5 Diabetes Prevention Program goals, i.e. physical activity ≥150 min/week (moderate to high intensity), fiber intake ≥15 g/1,000 kcal, fat intake <30% of total energy intake, saturated fat intake <10% of total energy intake, and weight reduction ≥5% if BMI ≥23 kg/m2or weight maintenance if BMI <23 kg/m2. Intervention participants also rated theTRIANGLEapp in the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS).ResultsIn the predefined, modified intention-to-treat analysis including 64 women, 6 out of 27 women in the intervention group [22%(10–40)] and 3 out of 27 women in the control group [11%(3–27)] reached the primary outcome (p = 0.47). In the predefined per-protocol intervention subgroup, the proportion was 4 out of 14 women [29%(11–55); p = 0.20 vs. control].TRIANGLEapp users were active on 42% of days and rated the app’s quality and perceived impact with 4.3±0.8 out of 5 uMARS points.ConclusionsThis first trial did not show the efficacy of theTRIANGLEintervention. However, the app was well accepted and considered helpful by most users. Therefore, this trial supports further development and testing ofTRIANGLEand other app interventions for women after GDM. Additionally, it identifies necessary adaptations in trial design to better accommodate non-intensive lifestyle interventions for this target group.Trial registrationTrial registration at drks.de (DRKS00012996).
Changes in social environment due to the state of emergency and Go To campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: An ecological study
Authors: Kanamori Rie , Kawakami Yuta , Nojiri Shuko , Miyazawa Satoshi , Kuroki Manabu , Nishizaki Yuji 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan, the state of emergency, as a public health measure to control the spread of COVID-19, and the Go To campaign, which included the Go To Travel and Go To Eat campaigns and was purposed to stimulate economic activities, were implemented. This study investigated the impact of these government policies on COVID-19 spread.MethodsThis ecological study included all 47 prefectures in Japan as samples between February 3 and December 27, 2020. We used COVID-19 cases and mobility as variables. Additionally, places where social contacts could accrue, defined as restaurants, companies, transportation, and tourist spots; mean temperature and humidity; the number of inhabitants in their twenties to fifties; and the number of COVID-19 cases in the previous period, which were factors or covariates in the graphical modeling analysis, were divided into five periods according to the timing of the implementation of the state of emergency and Go To campaign.ResultsGraphical changes occurred throughout all five periods of COVID-19. During the state of emergency (period 2), a correlation between COVID-19 cases and those before the state of emergency (period 1) was observed, although this correlation was not significant in the period after the state of emergency was lifted (period 3). During the implementation of Go To Travel and the Go To Eat campaigns (period 5), the number of places where social contacts could accrue was correlated with COVID-19 cases, with complex associations and mobility.ConclusionsThis study confirms that the state of emergency affected the control of COVID-19 spread and that the Go To campaign led to increased COVID-19 cases due to increased mobility by changing behavior in the social environment where social contacts potentially accrue.