bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a role of NADPH oxidase in myogenic tone development
Authors: Mironova Galina Yu. , Mazumdar Neil , Hashad Ahmed M. , El‐Lakany Mohammed A. , Welsh Donald G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe myogenic response sets the foundation for blood flow control. Recent findings suggest a role for G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR) and signaling pathways tied to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, this study ascertained the impact of NADPH oxidase (Nox) on myogenic tone in rat cerebral resistance arteries.MethodsThe study employed real‐time qPCR (RT‐qPCR), pressure myography, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsGq blockade abolished myogenic tone in rat cerebral arteries, linking GPCR to mechanosensation. Subsequent work revealed that general (TEMPOL) and mitochondrial specific (MitoTEMPO) ROS scavengers had little impact on myogenic tone, whereas apocynin, a broad spectrum Nox inhibitor, initiated transient dilation. RT‐qPCR revealed Nox1 and Nox2 mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. Pressure myography defined Nox1 rather than Nox2 is facilitating myogenic tone. We rationalized that Nox1‐generated ROS was initiating this response by impairing the ability of the CaV3.2 channel to elicit negative feedback via BKCa. This hypothesis was confirmed in functional experiments. The proximity ligation assay further revealed that Nox1 and CaV3.2 colocalize within 40 nm of one another.ConclusionsOur data highlight that vascular pressurization augments Nox1 activity and ensuing ROS production facilitates myogenic tone by limiting Ca2+ influx via CaV3.2.
Profile of urinary exosomal microRNAs and their contribution to diabetic kidney disease through a predictive classification model
Authors: González‐Palomo Ana K. , Pérez‐Vázquez Francisco J. , Méndez‐Rodríguez Karen B. , Ilizaliturri‐Hernández Cesar A. , Cardona‐Alvarado Monica I. , Flores‐Nicasio Mariana V. , Kornhauser Carlos , Malacara Juan M. , Figueroa‐Vega Nicte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimEvaluate the expression of exomiRs‐126, ‐146, and ‐155 in urinary exosomes of patients with T2DM and diabetic kidney disease to establish a predictive classification model with exomiRs and clinical variables in order to determine their contribution to DKD.MethodsThe study group included 92 subjects: 64 patients diagnosed with T2DM subclassified into two groups with albuminuria (T2DM with albuminuria, n = 30) and without albuminuria (TD2M, n = 34) as well as 28 healthy, non‐diabetic participants. Exosomes were isolated from urine and identified by TEM and flow cytometry. Profile expression of exomiRs‐126, ‐146 and ‐155 was evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Data were analysed by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), similarity percentage (SIMPER), principal coordinate analysis (PCO), and canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP).ResultsT2DM patients with and without albuminuria showed higher levels of miR‐155 and miR‐146 compared with controls. In addition, T2DM patients with albuminuria presented a significant increase in miR‐126 contrasted to controls and patients without albuminuria. PCO analysis explained 34.6% of the total variability of the data (PERMANOVA; p < .0001). Subsequently, SIMPER analysis showed that miR‐146, miR‐155, and miR‐126 together, with some clinical parameters, contributed to 50% of the between‐group significance. Finally, the CAP analysis developed showed a correct classification of 89.01% with the analysed parameters.ConclusionA platform using a combination of clinical variables and exomiRs could be used to classify individuals with T2D as risk for developing DKD.
UV‐induced DNA Damage in Skin is Reduced by CaSR Inhibition
Authors: Yang Chen , Rybchyn Mark Stephen , De Silva Warusavithana Gunawardena Manori , Matthews Jim , Holland Andrew J. A. , Conigrave Arthur David , Mason Rebecca Sara 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe epidermis maintains a cellular calcium gradient that supports keratinocyte differentiation from its basal layers (low) to outer layers (high) leading to the development of the stratum corneum, which resists penetration of UV radiation. The calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) expressed in keratinocytes responds to the calcium gradient with signals that promote differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether the CaSR is involved more directly in protection from UV damage in studies of human keratinocytes in primary culture and in mouse skin studied in vivo. siRNA‐directed reductions in CaSR protein levels in human keratinocytes significantly reduced UV‐induced direct cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) by ~80% and oxidative DNA damage (8‐OHdG) by ~65% compared with control transfected cells. Similarly, in untransfected cells, the CaSR negative modulator, NPS‐2143 (500 nm), reduced UV‐induced CPD and 8‐OHdG by ~70%. NPS‐2143 also enhanced DNA repair and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ~35% in UV‐exposed keratinocytes, consistent with reduced DNA damage after UV exposure. Topical application of NPS‐2143 also protected hairless Skh:hr1 mice from UV‐induced CPD, oxidative DNA damage and inflammation, similar to the reductions observed in response to the well‐known photoprotection agent 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol). Thus, negative modulators of the CaSR offer a new approach to reducing UV‐induced skin damage.
Horizontal orientation facilitates pollen transfer and rain damage avoidance in actinomorphic flowers of Platycodon grandiflorus
Authors: Nakata T. , Rin I. , Yaida Y. A. , Ushimaru A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

In zoophilous plants, floral orientation evolved under both biotic and abiotic pressure to enhance pollination success. However, the adaptive significance of horizontal orientation in radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) flowers remains largely unknown, although that of bilaterally symmetrical flowers has been well studied.

We experimentally altered floral angle in a population of insect‐pollinated Platycodon grandiflorus flowers to examine the effects of floral orientation on pollinator behaviour, pollination success and pollen rain damage avoidance. To further investigate the potential pollen damage by rain, we obtained past precipitation records for the study area during the flowering season, and experimentally tested P. grandiflorus pollen damage by water.

Horizontally oriented flowers received more pollinator visits and had pollen grains on the stigma in male and/or female phases than downward‐ and/or upward‐oriented flowers and avoided pollen damage by rainfall better than upward‐oriented flowers. A pollen germination experiment showed that approximately 30% of pollen grains burst in distilled water, indicating that pollen damage by rainfall may be significant in P. grandiflorus.

Our field experiments revealed that upward‐oriented flowers cannot avoid pollen damage by rainfall during the flowering period, and that both upward‐ and downward‐oriented flowers experience pollinator limitation in female success. Therefore, horizontal flower orientation appears to be adaptive in this insect‐pollinated actinomorphic species that blooms during the rainy season.
“Not Racist, But…”: Beliefs About Immigration Restrictions, Collective Narcissism, and Justification of Ethnic Extremism
Authors: Cichocka Aleksandra , Bocian Konrad , Winiewski Mikolaj , Azevedo Flavio 
Published: March 2022

Surveys conducted across multiple countries show that most people view seeking lower immigration to help maintain the majority group's population share as a sign of racial self‐interest—as opposed to racism. We investigated whether the belief that it is not racist to want immigration restrictions for cultural reasons is associated with ingroup identification (a positive attachment to and solidarity with one's group) or collective narcissism (a conviction that the ingroup is exceptional and deserves special treatment). We argue that if this belief reflects concern for the ingroup, it should be linked to ingroup identification. However, if it is a defensive justification of the ingroup's privileged position, it should be linked to collective narcissism. Across four studies, national (Study 1: United Kingdom, N = 467; Study 2: Poland, N = 1,285) and ethnic (Study 3a: United States, N = 2,000; Study 3b: United States, N = 2,938) narcissism emerged as predictors of the belief that ethnoculturally motivated immigration restrictions are racial self‐interest (vs. racism). This belief was also associated with justifying collective violence against migrants (Study 2) and supporting the alt‐right (Studies 3a–3b). We found less consistent evidence for an association between ingroup identification and immigration‐restriction beliefs. We discuss implications for intergroup relations and political extremism.
“It's okay if you flap your hands”: Non‐autistic children do not object to individual unconventional behaviors associated with autism
Authors: Sargent Zoe , Jaswal Vikram K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractYoung children favor what they perceive as normative behavior and people who act in normative ways. This preference for normativity could negatively affect non‐autistic children's attitudes towards autistic peers – individuals who (by definition) act in unconventional ways. In Study 1, we investigated how non‐autistic 4‐ to 7‐year‐old U.S. children (N = 112) evaluated several unconventional behaviors characteristic of autism and the characters who engaged in them. Surprisingly, children generally did not object to individual autistic‐like behaviors or the characters who engaged in them, although they evaluated them less favorably than normative behaviors and characters. In Study 2, we investigated why gaze aversion was the most negatively evaluated autistic‐like behavior in Study 1. Six and seven‐year‐old U.S. children (N = 33) indicated that characters who averted their gaze as a teacher was talking were less attentive and less respectful than characters who looked at her as she was talking. Young children do not appear to object to individual autistic‐like behaviors or peers who engage in them unless – as in the case of gaze aversion – they could signal a willful violation of classroom norms.
O Oportunismo do Discurso Neoliberal na Escolha das Políticas Públicas Federais Brasileiras Durante a Crise da Covid-19
Authors: Da Cunha Savino Filó Maurício , Garcia Vinícius 
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho possui como objetivo pesquisar impactos do neoliberalismo sobre o processo de escolha das políticas públicas federais brasileiras durante a crise financeira e de saúde pública durante a pandemia ocasionada pela COVID-19. O problema de pesquisa se resume ao seguinte questionamento: como o discurso neoliberal tem impactado na escolha das políticas públicas por parte do governo federal durante esta crise? Para responder à pergunta, a pesquisa desenvolve-se em duas seções. Na primeira, explicou-se a relação entre o neoliberalismo e as políticas públicas existentes. Na segunda seção, verificou-se a natureza e dimensão das políticas públicas adotadas pela União. O método utilizado na abordagem foi o descritivo-sistemático. O método de interpretação jurídica foi o tópico sistemático. Em linhas gerais, conclui-se que as políticas neoliberais adotadas não ampliam o acesso aos serviços de saúde para a população mais carente.
Entraves Para a Feminização Igualitária da Advocacia Brasileira
Authors: Miranda da Silva Priscila Cristina , Bertoncini Carla 
Published: March 2022

Apesar de 49,98% da advocacia brasileira ser composta por mulheres, a maior participação das mulheres na advocacia não lhes proporcionou igualdade no exercício profissional, devendo ser investigada a implicação desses números, razão pela qual a pesquisa investiga as possíveis causas da desigualdade na advocacia brasileira em razão do gênero que impedem o exercício profissional em igualdade de condições, com enfoque no binário homem-mulher e no marcador de raça/cor. Para tanto, a pesquisa une aportes teóricos com dados empíricos obtidos por outros pesquisadores fazendo uso do método de pesquisa dedutivo e dos métodos procedimentais histórico e documental. Constata-se que a profissão permanece marcada pelo falocentrismo que acarreta em segregação horizontal (parede de cristal) e vertical (teto de vidro) das mulheres advogadas, sendo a divisão sexual do trabalho doméstico e de cuidado de pessoas a maior barreira enfrentada para o ingresso, permanência e ascensão na carreira.
Supremas Ministras: a Inclusão de Mulheres na Composição do STF à Luz da Legitimidade das Cortes Constitucionais
Authors: Lima Jairo , Pradella Bueno Marcella , Stamile Natalina 
Published: March 2022

A pauta da igualdade de gênero tem feito parte das discussões que relacionam direito e gênero. Dentre as principais demandas, encontram-se aquelas reivindicações por presença e representatividade das mulheres na esfera pública, principalmente nas instituições responsáveis por decisões políticas. Nesse aspecto, as instituições do Poder Judiciário também são avaliadas com o recorte de gênero tanto nas decisões que produzem como no arranjo institucional de sua composição. Quando se verifica especificamente a presença das mulheres na magistratura brasileira, tem-se um retrato de sua inferioridade numérica, a qual é acentuada nos órgãos de cúpula, como é o caso do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Nesse ponto, encontramos uma lacuna teórica a respeito da temática relativa ao diagnóstico e desafios da inclusão de mulheres em Cortes constitucionais. Além disso, a reivindicação pela inclusão também não está amparada por razões que se conectam com a discussão a respeito da especificidade não representativa das Cortes constitucionais. Por isso, propomos investigar quais são as razões que justificam a inclusão de mais mulheres em Cortes constitucionais, especialmente no STF, a partir do debate em torno da legitimidade democrática dessas instituições A partir de uma pesquisa essencialmente bibliográfica e do método hipotético-dedutiva, concluímos que existem razões adequadas para a defesa dessa pauta que não estão inseridas dentro da dicotomia representação política (input) e resultado das decisões (output) e que são respaldadas pela ideia de legitimidade social em conjunção com a política da presença de Anne Philips e a teoria da participação de Nancy Fraser.
Fracture Behavior and Reliability of Low-Silver Lead-Free Solder Joints
Authors: Sharma Ved Prakash , Datla Naresh Varma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low-silver solders are increasingly being used because silver improves the tensile strength. In this study, the variation in fracture behavior with silver content in lead-free solder joints was studied using double cantilever beam specimens. Fracture tests were done with solder joints made with Sn-0.7Cu, SACX0307, and SAC305 solder materials. The critical energy release rate for crack-initiation (Gci) of the joint was correlated with the plastic zone just ahead of the precrack tip, intermetallic compound layer thickness, energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy based fractography study. The Gci for Sn-0.7Cu solder joint was observed to be significantly higher than the other two solder joints. The fractography study revealed that the failure was ductile for Sn-0.7Cu and a mix of ductile and brittle for the other two solder joints. The extent of the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip, obtained from finite element modeling, was found to be significantly larger and the intermetallic compound layer was relatively thinner for Sn-0.7Cu solder joint compared to the other two solder joints. The ductile failure, significantly larger plastic zone size and thinner intermetallic compound layer resulted in significantly higher Gci for Sn-0.7Cu solder joint.
The Prevalence of Emotional Exhaustion in Professional and Semiprofessional Coaches
Authors: Lundkvist Erik , Gustafsson Henrik , Madigan Daniel , Hjälm Sören , Kalén Anton 
Published: March 2022

The present study examined levels of emotional exhaustion, a key symptom of burnout, in Swedish professional and semiprofessional sport coaches in comparison to the normative values specified in the Maslach Burnout Inventory manual, and to the clinical cutoffs developed by Kleijweg, Verbraak, and Van Dijk. The sample contained 318 Swedish coaches (Mage = 42.7 years, 12% female) working at least 50% full time away from both team (60%) and individual (40%) sports. Our study shows that, in general, coaches in this sample experience lower average levels of exhaustion than normative samples both regarding the Maslach Burnout Inventory and clinical cutoffs. Two groups of coaches did, however, stand out. Coaches living in single households as well as coaches working part time had higher risk of severe levels of emotional exhaustion. These results place coach exhaustion levels in relation to other occupations and highlight that in this sample, the coaching profession does not stand out as more emotionally exhausting than other occupations.
Could the perioperative use of opioids influence cancer outcomes after surgery? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cascella Marco , Cuomo Arturo , Bifulco Francesca , Perri Francesco , Carbone Francesca , Aprea Marika , Forte Cira Antonietta , Fiore Marco 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDuring and after general anaesthesia, opioids are commonly used for pain treatment. Since preclinical studies underlined the potential immunosuppressive activity of these drugs, it was postulated that their perioperative administration could influence cancer outcomes after surgery. Nevertheless, clinical data have been extrapolated mainly from retrospective analyses. Consequently, the precise link between perioperative opioid use and cancer recurrence/metastasis or cancer-related mortality/morbidity is still an unsolved issue.Methods and analysisThis scoping review is planned to follow the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. The authors will conduct a literature review through the PRISMA statement using PubMed and EMBASE databases; the Grey literature will be explored using Google Scholar and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (via Web of Science). The search strategy will be limited to articles published in the English language and to human studies. The database searches are planned from the inception to January 2022. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text screening of potentially relevant articles with standardised data extraction. Any disagreement for the inclusion between the two reviewers will be discussed with a third reviewer.Ethics and disseminationThe review aims to map the available literature, focusing on a possible association between perioperative opioid use and cancer outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. The proposed approach will be useful to identify and analyse the knowledge gap in the field and serve as a prerequisite for future research.Scoping review registrationOpen Science Framework https://osf.io/vfhw6/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VFHW6
What can general practice learn from primary care nurses’ and healthcare assistants’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study
Authors: Russell Alice , de Wildt Gilles , Grut Minka , Greenfield Sheila , Clarke Joanne 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesUK general practice has radically altered in response to COVID-19. The general practice nursing team has been central to these changes. To help learn from COVID-19 and maintain a sustainable nursing workforce, general practice should reflect on their support needs and perceptions of organisational strategies. This study aimed to explore primary care nurses’ and healthcare assistants’ experiences and perceptions of general practice, and the changes made to it, during the pandemic.DesignExploratory qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Interview data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s ‘codebook’ thematic analysis.SettingGeneral practices in the Midlands, South East and South West England. Interviews were conducted in February and March 2021, as England began to unlock from its third national lockdown.ParticipantsPractice nurses (n=12), healthcare assistants (n=7), advanced nurse practitioners (n=4) and nursing associates (n=1) recruited using convenience and snowball sampling.ResultsThree themes were identified. Difficult changes describes dramatic changes made to general practice at the onset of the pandemic, creating confusion and anxiety. Dealing with change characterises how negative emotions were intensified by fear of infection, problematic government guidance, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages and friction with doctors; but could be mitigated through effective practice communication, peer support and individual coping strategies. An opportunity for improvement highlights certain changes (eg, the increased use of telehealth) that participants believed could be adopted long term to improve efficiency.ConclusionGeneral practice should learn from the COVID-19 pandemic to nurture the clinical role and resilience of nurses and healthcare assistants in the postpandemic ‘new normal’. Robust PPE provision could enable them to undertake their patient-facing duties safely and confidently. Judicious implementation of telehealth could help preserve the practical and caring nature of nursing. Improving channels of communication and interprofessional collaboration could help realise their potential within the primary care team.
Determinants of immunisation dropout among children under the age of 2 in Zambézia province, Mozambique: a community-based participatory research study using Photovoice
Authors: Powelson Jocelyn , Magadzire Bvudzai Priscilla , Draiva Abel , Denno Donna , Ibraimo Abdul , Benate Bonifácia Beleza Lucas , Jahar Lídia Carlos , Marrune Zélia , Chilundo Baltazar , Chinai Jalilo Ernesto , Emerson Michelle , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Lawrence Emily 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveImmunisations are highly impactful, cost-effective public health interventions. However, substantial gaps in complete vaccination coverage persist. We aimed to describe caregivers’ immunisation experiences and identify determinants of vaccine dropout.DesignWe used a community-based participatory research approach employing Photovoice, SMS (short messaging service) exchanges and in-depth interviews. A team-based approach was used for thematic analysis. The Increasing Vaccination Model guided the analysis and identification of vaccination facilitators and barriers.SettingThis study was conducted in Zambézia province, Mozambique, in Namarroi and Gilé districts, where roughly 19% of children under 2 start but do not complete the recommended vaccination schedule.ParticipantsParticipants were identified through health facility vaccination records and included caregivers of children aged 25–34 months who were fully vaccinated (n=10) and partially vaccinated (n=22). We also collected data from 12 health workers responsible for delivering immunisations at the selected health facilities.ResultsFour main patterns of barriers leading to dropout emerged: (1) social norms and limited family support place the immunisation burden on mothers; (2) perceived poor quality of health services reduces caregivers’ trust in vaccination services; (3) concern about side effects causes vaccine hesitancy; and (4) caregivers hesitate to seek and advocate for vaccination due to power imbalances with health workers. COVID-19 created additional barriers related to social distancing, mask requirements, supply chain challenges and disrupted outreach services. For most caregivers, dropout becomes increasingly likely with compounding barriers. Caregivers of fully-vaccinated children noted facilitators, including accompaniment to health facilities or assistance caring for other children, which enabled them to complete vaccination.ConclusionsOvercoming immunisation barriers requires strengthening health systems, including improving logistics to avert vaccine stockouts and building health worker capacity, including empathic communication with caregivers. Consistent and reliable immunisation outreach services could address access challenges and improve immunisation uptake, particularly in distant communities.