bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of quality attributes of dried Poria cocos Wolf cubes by stress sweating combined with steam pretreatment
Authors: Liu Zi‐Liang , Chen Shu‐Feng , Gao Lei , Zielinska Sara , Wang Shan‐Yu , Wang Hui , Wang Wen‐Jie , Zheng Zhi‐An 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of different pretreatment namely natural sweating (NS), steam treatment (S), and stress sweating combined with steam treatment (SS) on the quality attributes (water‐soluble polysaccharide, total triterpene content, alcohol‐soluble extractive values, and broken rate) and drying characteristics of Poria cocos Wolf (PCW) cubes were investigated. The results showed that NS and SS pretreatment resulted in a noticeable weight loss, while S pretreatment resulted in a significant weight gain by PWC cubes. Such treatments as NS, S, and SS did not significantly affect the drying time of PCW cubes. SS pretreatment greatly improved the water‐soluble polysaccharide content and alcohol‐soluble extractive values of dried products by 1.54 and 1.68 times, respectively. NS pretreatment for four days resulted in the highest content of total triterpenes, that is, 6.46 mg/g d.b. of dried PCW cubes, while S pretreatment significantly reduced the broken index. A comprehensive evaluation method was used to quantify the feasibility of NS, S, and SS pretreatments in terms of drying time and quality attributes. Samples subjected to SS pretreatment were characterized by the highest comprehensive score. The results of this study showed that the selection of the appropriate treatment may help to improve the material quality and drying characteristics.Novelty impact statement

SS pretreatment greatly improved the water‐soluble polysaccharide content.

S obviously reduced the broken rate of dried products.

SS pretreatment comprehensively enhanced the quality attributes of dried products.
Study on rapid brewing of fish sauce based on ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic digestion of the skin of Thamnaconus septentrionalis
Authors: Sun Ziting , Kong Qing , Chen Jie , Mou Haijin , Liu Tongjie , Yu Dongxing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a new method for rapid brewing of fish sauce by ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic digestion of the skin of Thamnaconus septentrionalis. The optimal conditions for ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic digestion of fish skin were explored by response surface experiments. Then, the effects of seed koji content, salt addition, and temperature on fermentation were investigated by orthogonal tests. The results showed that the optimal conditions for ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic digestion of fish skin were: ultrasonic power of 195 W, enzyme addition of 3000u/g, the temperature of 60°C, and time of 7 h; the optimal conditions for fermentation were: 20% of seed koji addition, 15% of salt added, and temperature of 40°C. After 7 days of fermentation under these conditions, the amino acid‐N content of the fish sauce was 0.48 ± 0.002 g/100 g, the total nitrogen content was 0.85 ± 0.002 g/100 g, the acidity was 0.37 ± 0.03 g/100 g, and the pH was 5.87 ± 0.14.Novelty impact statementIn this study, a new method of preparing fish sauce by ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic digestion of Thamnaconus septentrionalis skin was explored. The method shortened the time of fish sauce preparation to one week.
Nutritional evaluation, microstructure, and storage stability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) flour blends at different ratios
Authors: Bamidele Oluwaseun P. , Ogundele Opeolu M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe flour blend between wheat and cocoyam flours at different proportions (70:30, 50:50, and 40:60) was tested for physicochemical, functional, and nutritional quality. When compared to other blend ratios, the flour blend at 70:30 (wheat and cocoyam flour) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein, fat, and crude fiber content (50:50 and 40:60). The flour blends at 50:50 and 60:40 wheat to cocoyam flour ratio had considerably higher water absorption, bulk density, and swelling power than wheat and cocoyam flour blends at 70:30. When compared to other blend ratios, the wheat and cocoyam flour blend at 70:30 exhibited a significantly lower pasting viscosity (50:50 and 60:40). The pasted samples' microstructure revealed a honeycomb structure that increased as the quantity of cocoyam flour added to wheat flour increased. The wheat and cocoyam flour mixes competed favorably with wheat flour in terms of amino acid profile, and the fortified flours had the lowest peroxide values. The blends of wheat and cocoyam flour in proportions of 70:30 and 40:60 can be useful in the culinary and food industries.Practical applicationsThe problem of high cost of importation of wheat is one of the major challenges of African country and cocoyam root is underutilized in some African countries. Production of flour from cocoyam root serve as alternative use of cocoyam root which improve the utilization of cocoyam root. Compositing cocoyam flour with wheat flour may be a way to go in reducing wheat importation. Cocoyam flour added to wheat flour increase the functional properties and the pasting properties of the flour blend. The amino acids of the flour blends also compete favorably with amino acid profile of wheat flour alone. This shows that the flour blends from wheat and cocoyam flour can serve as new raw material in making bread, doughnut, and other confectionaries in food industry. This may reduce the price of wheat flour in the market and reduce the cost of living for low‐income earners.
Process optimization for preparation of milk protein co‐precipitate using calcium lactate as coagulant
Authors: Amila S. , Arora Sumit , Gawande Hemant , Mehla Rita , Meena Ganga Sahay , Singh Ashish Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMilk protein co‐precipitates (MPCP) are rich in milk proteins but rejected globally owing to their poor solubility. The investigation was aimed to prepare MPCP with enhanced solubility via modification of their existing production method. MPCP was manufactured from pasteurized cow skim milk (PCSM) by spray‐drying calcium lactate‐induced co‐precipitate dispersion. The conditions for the preparation of coagulum (gel point‐Tg, holding time and coagulation time) and for efficient spray drying (pH of feed solution and inlet air temperature) were optimized. PCSM containing 0.5% calcium lactate incubated at 30°C/15 min and heated at 80°C/20 min, exhibited maximum protein recovery (92%) in the coagulum. The coagulum was diluted with distilled water (1:1.4, curd: water), and feed characteristics were optimized for spray drying. MPCP powders obtained from feed solution (adjusted to pH 6.7 with disodium hydrogen phosphate) spray‐dried at an inlet temperature of 160°C and outlet temperature (~60°C) demonstrated maximum solubility of 39.57% with a protein content of 78.99%.Novelty impact statementThis trial successfully achieved ~80% of protein content in MPCP with solubility of ~40% using a lower level (<0.132%) of calcium chelator (DSP). This enhances the potential of MPCP as an ingredient in various food formulations. MPCP can be a potential ingredient in bread and bakery industry as well as dairy industry in cheese formulations; high protein yoghurt formulations etc.
Artificial intelligence and colon capsule endoscopy: Automatic detection of ulcers and erosions using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Mascarenhas Miguel , Afonso João , Cardoso Hélder , Andrade Patrícia , Lopes Susana , Ferreira João , Mascarenhas Saraiva Miguel , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has become a minimally invasive alternative for conventional colonoscopy. Nevertheless, each CCE exam produces between 50 000 and 100 000 frames, making its analysis time‐consuming and prone to errors. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) architecture with high performance in image analysis. This study aims to develop a CNN model for the identification of colonic ulcers and erosions in CCE images.MethodsA CNN model was designed using a database of CCE images. A total of 124 CCE exams performed between 2010 and 2020 in two centers were reviewed. For CNN development, a total of 37 319 images were extracted, 33 749 showing normal colonic mucosa and 3570 showing colonic ulcers and erosions. Datasets for CNN training, validation, and testing were created. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated regarding its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and area under the curve.ResultsThe network had a sensitivity of 96.9% and a specificity of 99.9% specific for the detection of colonic ulcers and erosions. The algorithm had an overall accuracy of 99.6%. The area under the curve was 1.00. The CNN had an image processing capacity of 90 frames per second.ConclusionsThe developed algorithm is the first CNN‐based model to accurately detect ulcers and erosions in CCE images, also providing a good image processing performance. The development of these AI systems may contribute to improve both the diagnostic and time efficiency of CCE exams, facilitating CCE adoption to routine clinical practice.
Altered gut microbiota in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Bamba Shigeki , Imai Takayuki , Sasaki Masaya , Ohno Masashi , Yoshida Shinya , Nishida Atsushi , Takahashi Kenichiro , Inatomi Osamu , Andoh Akira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is diagnosed by using quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates and/or a hydrogen breath test. However, few studies have analyzed bacterial microbiota in Japanese patients with SIBO.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with any abdominal symptoms and suspected SIBO were enrolled. Quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates and a glucose hydrogen breath test were performed on the same day. SIBO was diagnosed based on a bacterial count ≥ 103 CFU/mL or a rise in the hydrogen breath level of ≥ 20 ppm. The composition of the duodenal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed in 17 of the 24 patients (71%). The positive rates for the hydrogen breath test and quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates were 50% and 62%, respectively. Patients with SIBO showed significantly reduced α‐diversity compared with non‐SIBO patients, and analysis of β‐diversity revealed significantly different distributions between SIBO and non‐SIBO patients. In addition, the intestinal microbiome in SIBO patients was characterized by increased relative abundance of Streptococcus and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides compared with non‐SIBO patients.ConclusionsDuodenal dysbiosis was identified in patients with SIBO and may play a role in the pathophysiology of SIBO.
The Puccinia striiformis effector Hasp98 facilitates pathogenicity by blocking the kinase activity of wheat TaMAPK4
Authors: Wei Jinping , Wang Xiaodong , Hu Zeyu , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Jialiu , Wang Jianfeng , Huang Xueling , Kang Zhensheng , Tang Chunlei 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) employs virulence effectors to disturb host immunity and causes devastating stripe rust disease. However, our understanding of how Pst effectors regulate host defense responses remains limited. In this study, we determined that the Pst effector Hasp98, which is highly expressed in Pst haustoria, inhibits plant immune responses triggered by flg22 or nonpathogenic bacteria. Overexpression of Hasp98 in wheat (Triticum aestivum) suppressed avirulent Pst‐triggered immunity, leading to decreased H2O2 accumulation and promoting P. striiformis infection, whereas stable silencing of Hasp98 impaired P. striiformis pathogenicity. Hasp98 interacts with the wheat mitogen‐activated protein kinase TaMAPK4, a positive regulator of plant resistance to stripe rust. The conserved TEY motif of TaMAPK4 is important for its kinase activity, which is required for the resistance function. We demonstrate that Hasp98 inhibits the kinase activity of TaMAPK4 and that the stable silencing of TaMAPK4 compromises wheat resistance against P. striiformis. These results suggest that Hasp98 acts as a virulence effector to interfere with the MAPK signaling pathway in wheat, thereby promoting P. striiformis infection.
Mechanisms driving vestibular lamina formation and opening in the mouse
Authors: Qiu Tengyang , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe vestibular lamina (VL) forms as an epithelial outgrowth parallel to the dental lamina (DL) in the oral cavity. During late development, it opens to create a furrow that divides the dental tissue from the cheeks and lips and is known as the vestibule. Defects in this process lead to failure in the separation of the teeth from the lips and cheeks, including the presence of multiple frenula. In this paper, the development of the VL is followed in the mouse, from epithelial placode in the embryo to postnatal opening and vestibule formation. During early outgrowth, differential proliferation controls the curvature of the VL as it extends under the forming incisors. Apoptosis plays a role in thinning the deepest part of the lamina, while terminal differentiation of the epithelium, highlighted by the expression of loricrin and flattening of the nuclei, predates the division of the VL into two to create the vestibule. Development in the mouse is compared to the human VL, with respect to the relationship of the VL to the DL, VL morphology and mechanisms of opening. Overall, this paper provides insight into an understudied part of the oral anatomy, shedding light on how defects could form in this region.
COVID‐19 vaccines and filler reactions: Should it be considered as a concern?
Authors: Aryanian Zeinab , Balighi Kamran , Emadi Seyed Naser , Razavi Zahra , Hatami Parvaneh , Afshar Zeinab Mohseni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAny implant or external material used in the body tissues can potentially be followed by autoimmune or inflammatory reactions. With the global vaccination program against COVID‐19, the reports of tissue filler reactions would be increasingly demonstrated.AimTo summarize the data regarding COVID vaccination and filler reactions.MethodWe reviewed the existing data in this regard through searching on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. All of the relevant papers published until March 2022, which we could access to their fulltexts were included.ResultsHere, we summarized the data regarding COVID‐19 vaccination and filler reactions and discussed its etiopathogenesis, management, and importance.ConclusionAlthough the end of pandemic was announced, the necessity of continuing COVI‐D19 vaccination in future mandates gathering data regarding safety of vaccines.
Correlation between experiences of clinical nurses in the COVID‐19 pandemic with learning agility and readiness level for future pandemics
Authors: Aygul Nagihan Sim , Senyuva Emine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aimed to determine the impact of clinical nurses' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic on their learning agility and readiness for other future pandemics.BackgroundIt is important that nurses have high learning agility so they can successfully adapt their experience to COVID‐19 and other pandemics that may occur in the future. This will positively affect the readiness of nurses to fight against possible future pandemics.DesignThe study is cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational research.MethodsThe study was carried outby data collection from 383 nurses. Data were collected via online survey using social media. The study methods were followed by the STORBE guidelines.ResultsThe average score of nurses on the Marmara Learning Agility Scale was 4.07 ± .030. The level of readiness of nurses for new pandemics was 96.1%. Positive but weak correlations were found between the effect of nurses' experiences in the COVID‐19 pandemic with their readiness for potential future pandemics and their learning agility.ConclusionsIt was observed that nurses have high learning agility, gained experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic and these experiences affected their readiness for other potential future pandemics.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth institutions to develop learning agility to support career management, manager selection and performance improvement for clinical nurses.
Stigma arising from youth police contact: The protective role ofmother–youthcloseness
Authors: Turney Kristin , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between mother–youth closeness and stigma stemming from police contact.BackgroundResearch increasingly indicates that stigma stemming from police–youth encounters links police contact to compromised outcomes among youth, though less is known about the correlates of stigma stemming from this criminal legal contact. Close mother–youth relationships, commonly understood to be protective for youth outcomes, may be one factor that buffers against stop‐related stigma, especially the anticipation of stigma.MethodWe use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a sample of youth born in urban areas around the turn of the 21st century, to examine the relationship between mother–youth closeness and stop‐related stigma.ResultsWe find that mother–youth closeness is negatively associated with stop‐related anticipated stigma but not stop‐related experienced stigma. We also find that the relationship between mother–youth closeness and stop‐related anticipated stigma is concentrated among youth experiencing a non‐intrusive stop.ConclusionClose mother–youth relationships may protect against stigma stemming from criminal legal contact.
Dorsal medulla surface texture: Differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis
Authors: Okuda Darin T. , Stanley Thomas , McCreary Morgan , Smith Alexander D. , Burgess Katy W. , Wilson Andrew , Guo Xiaohu , Moog Tatum M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe timely and accurate diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is essential and exposure to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease‐modifying therapies may result in permanent neurological disability.MethodsStandardized 3‐Tesla 3‐dimensional brain MRI studies were retrospectively studied from people with NMOSD, MS, other CNS neurological diseases, and healthy control subjects. Comparisons of surface texture characteristics at the area postrema involving absolute introverted planar triangle counts, representing more complex and concave tissue topography, along with the spatial dissemination pattern of these triangles were performed cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. An ideal introverted planar triangle threshold separating groups with NMOSD and MS was accomplished using the highest Youden's J statistic. For the classification of NMOSD, out‐of‐sample and in‐sample measurements of the following were acquired: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsThe study cohort included 60 people with NMOSD, 100 people with MS, 12 with other neurological diseases, and five healthy controls. Significantly higher cross‐sectional median introverted triangle counts were observed when the NMOSD (median [interquartile range]: 100 [23.5]) group was compared to MS (65 [20.25]; p < .0001) and other neurological diseases (66 [13.75]; p < .0001). Distinct spatial dissemination patterns of triangles extending craniocaudally at the region of interest within the dorsal medulla was also seen between groups with NMOSD and MS (p < .0001). For the identification of NMOSD, out‐of‐sample sensitivity (83%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), and NPV (60%) were achieved.ConclusionsCross‐sectional and longitudinal dorsal medulla surface texture differences within selective regions of vulnerability differentiate NMOSD from MS.
Color is to flavor as shape is to texture: A choice‐based conjoint study of visual cues on chocolate packaging
Authors: Baptista Iuri , Spence Charles , Shimizu Renata , Ferreira Eric , Behrens Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect(s) of visual cues and their crossmodal correspondences in the context of food packaging have been increasingly researched over the last two decades. This study contributes to the subject by integrating four visual variables into a choice‐based conjoint analysis test. The contributions of color (pink/black), typeface (rounded/angular), ingredient image (milk/chocolate), and chocolate shape (curved/flat) on milk chocolate packaging are evaluated. All 16 possible combinations were evaluated online by a total of 480 Brazilian chocolate consumers for preference, expected sweetness, and expected creaminess. The participants also listed the first three words that came to mind for a subset of four of the samples. The results were statistically analyzed by mixed logit model and correspondence analysis. It was found significant effects of color, typeface, and ingredient on preference, of color and shape on sweetness, and of shape on creaminess. Except for ratings of expected creaminess, color was the most relevant attribute of all independent variables.Practical applicationsThese results further our understanding on how multiple visual cues may combine to influence consumer preference and crossmodal correlations with taste and texture. It also indicates that companies and researchers may use choice‐based conjoint analysis to evaluate crossmodal effects of visual aspects, making the test faster, more spontaneous, and intuitive. Although this research was conducted on the packaging of bars of chocolate, the consistency of the results with studies that have used other products should encourage designers and manufacturers to take these findings into account when creating packaging for food and beverage in general.
Phylogenomic analysis of the hemp family (Cannabaceae) reveals deep cyto‐nuclear discordance and provides new insights into generic relationships
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Gang , Liu Shui‐Yin , van Velzen Robin , Stull Gregory W. , Tian Qin , Li Yun‐Xia , Folk Ryan A. , Guralnick Robert P. , Kates Heather R. , Jin Jian‐Jun , Li Zhong‐Hu , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Yi Ting‐Shuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCannabaceae are a relatively small family of angiosperms, but they include several species of huge economic and cultural significance: marijuana or hemp (Cannabis sativa) and hops (Humulus lupulus). Previous phylogenetic studies have clarified the most deep relationships in Cannabaceae, but relationships remain ambiguous among several major lineages. Here, we sampled 82 species representing all genera of Cannabaceae and utilized a new dataset of 90 nuclear genes and 82 chloroplast loci from Hyb‐Seq to investigate the phylogenomics of Cannabaceae. Nuclear phylogenetic analyses revealed a robust and consistent backbone for Cannabaceae. We observed nuclear gene‐tree conflict at several deep nodes in inferred species trees, also cyto‐nuclear discordance concerning the relationship between Gironniera and Lozanella and the relationships among Trema s.l. (including Parasponia), Cannabis + Humulus, and Chaetachme + Pteroceltis. Coalescent simulations and network analyses suggest that observed deep cyto‐nuclear discordances were most likely to stem from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS); nuclear gene‐tree conflict might be caused by both ILS and gene flow between species. All genera of Cannabaceae were recovered as monophyletic, except for Celtis, which consisted of two distinct clades: Celtis I (including most Celtis species) and Celtis II (including Celtis gomphophylla and Celtis schippii). We suggest that Celtis II should be recognized as the independent genus Sparrea based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Our work provides the most comprehensive and reliable phylogeny to date for Cannabaceae, enabling further exploration of evolutionary patterns across this family and highlighting the necessity of comparing nuclear with chloroplast data to examine the evolutionary history of plant groups.