bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excretion of excess nitrogen and increased survival by loss of SLC6A19 in a mouse model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Authors: Belanger Adam J. , Gefteas Estelle , Przybylska Malgorzata , Geller Sarah , Anarat‐Cappillino Gülbenk , Kloss Alla , Yew Nelson S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtein catabolism ultimately yields toxic ammonia, which must be converted to urea by the liver for renal excretion. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is temporarily converted primarily to glutamine for subsequent hepatic extraction. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inborn errors of metabolism causing impaired ureagenesis, leading to neurotoxic accumulation of ammonia and brain glutamine. Treatment includes dietary protein restriction and oral “ammonia scavengers.” These scavengers chemically combine with glutamine and glycine to yield excretable products, creating an alternate pathway of waste nitrogen disposal. The amino acid transporter SLC6A19 is responsible for >95% of absorption and reabsorption of free neutral amino acids in the small intestine and kidney, respectively. Genetic SLC6A19 deficiency causes massive neutral aminoaciduria but is typically benign. We hypothesized that inhibiting SLC6A19 would open a novel and effective alternate pathway of waste nitrogen disposal. To test this, we crossed SLC6A19 knockout (KO) mice with spfash mice, a model of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Loss of SLC6A19 in spfash mice normalized plasma ammonia and brain glutamine and increased median survival in response to a high protein diet from 7 to 97 days. While induced excretion of amino acid nitrogen is likely the primary therapeutic mechanism, reduced intestinal absorption of dietary free amino acids, and decreased muscle protein turnover due to loss of SLC6A19 may also play a role. In summary, the results suggest that SLC6A19 inhibition represents a promising approach to treating UCDs and related aminoacidopathies.
Canine morphometrics as a tool for distinguishing species, sex, and age class in Southern Ocean fur seals
Authors: Pretorius Liezl E. , Bester Marthán N. , Connan Maëlle , Hofmeyr G. J. Greg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarcasses resulting from natural mortalities are invaluable for use in scientific studies, provided species, sex, and age class are known. When such data are unavailable, identifying skeletal remains is necessary if one is to use the information contained within samples. Teeth are amongst the best preserved skeletal remains owing to the durability of enamel and dentine. Here, we tested whether external measurements of canines could be used to distinguish two partially sympatric species of Southern Ocean fur seals, the AntarcticArctocephalus gazellaand Sub‐AntarcticA. tropicalisfur seals. We also investigated whether the external measurements of canines could be used to determine the age, sex, as well as island of origin of the animals. Eight morphological variables (crown length, root length, crown width, root width, crown thickness, root thickness, total canine length, and count of external surface annular ridges) were recorded from canines of 340 individuals of known species, sex, and island of origin. The count of external annular ridges provided a good estimate of age, which was confirmed by counting the growth layer groups of sectioned teeth, especially for older animals (> 9 years old). External canine measurements proved useful in distinguishing species, as well as sex within and between species, particularly in adult animals. Species were more difficult to distinguish in females than in males. The islands of origin could only be inferred in male Antarctic fur seals. This study indicates that fur seal teeth of unknown provenance, found either in breeding colonies or as vagrants, provide evidence on species, sex, and age of the animal, which increases the value of associated samples. It further highlights the importance of external measurements of skeletal remains such as canine teeth in separating closely related species.
When apologizing hurts: Felt transgression and restoration efforts
Authors: Li Shike , Radivojevic Ivana , Jain Kriti , Conrad Carlina 
Published: October 2022

SummaryApologizing is important for conflict resolution and relationship reconciliation, yet apologies often fail to restore the damaged relationship. While much research has been devoted to investigating the victims' reactions upon receiving an apology, in this paper, we adopt an apologizer‐centric approach and explore the phenomenon of apologizing with no felt transgression (vis‐à‐vis when there is felt transgression) along with its affective and reconciliation outcomes for the apologizer. Based on Appraisal Tendency Framework, we predict that apologizing with no felt transgression will lead to reduced guilt and increased anger in the apologizer, which will result in a decreased level of their restoration efforts towards the victim. In addition, we further hypothesize about the role of organizational conflict cultures in influencing the relationship between apologizing and restoration efforts via guilt and anger. Study 1 uses a micro‐narrative procedure and an inductive data analysis approach to demonstrate the varied situations and motivations of employees apologizing with (no) felt transgression, Study 2 utilizes an experimental design to examine the mediation effect, and Study 3 employs the critical incident technique to test our whole research model. Our hypotheses were largely supported across our studies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Quantification of femoral position on radiographic acetabular coverage in children
Authors: Sha Jia , Yan Ya‐Bo , Xu Hui‐Fa , Li Chao , Dong Hui , Liu Zhi‐Chen , Fan Zong‐Zhi , Huang Lu‐Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn accurate assessment of the radiographic acetabular coverage is essential for clinical diagnosis or surgical decision‐making in hip disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of femoral position on acetabular coverage and to predict the actual acetabular coverage from nonstandard radiographs. A total of 21 children (34 hips) with normative acetabular coverage were screened in this retrospective study. The Mimics‐based local‐rotation fluoroscopy simulation method was used to tilt, incline, and rotate the femur in 4° increments within the range of femoral motion. The acetabular coverage, namely acetabular‐head index (AHI) and center‐edge angle (CEA), increased with femoral abduction but decreased with other motions. Compared to the femoral neutral position, no significant differences were identified in AHI with the rotation (range: 0°–16°) and in CEA with the tilt (range: −20°–4°), inclination (range: 0°–4°), or rotation (range: −8°–40°). The linear regression analysis showed that the CEA increased by about 0.20° for each 1° increase in femoral inclination and decreased by about 0.01°, 0.07°, 0.06°, or 0.07° for each 1° increase in internal rotation, external rotation, flexion, or extension, respectively. And a more significant change in AHI was observed. All femoral malpositions, especially the inclination, affected radiographic acetabular coverage in children. Therefore, each pelvic radiograph should assess potential femoral malpositioning before diagnosing hip disorders. This study will assist surgeons in predicting the acetabular coverage on nonstandard radiographs.
Reliable estimation of wavenumbers for peaks of benzonitrile and cyclohexane
Authors: Itoh Nobuyasu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the most important parameters in Raman spectroscopy is the wavenumber (Raman shift), which is calculated from the difference between the excitation and Raman scattering absolute wavenumbers. Because the observed wavenumbers are strongly dependent on the spectrometer and measurement conditions, it is essential to calibrate the system by using a well‐characterised material. We therefore reliably estimated the wavenumbers and evaluated their uncertainty for the peaks of benzonitrile and cyclohexane by using a HeNe laser and Raman‐scattered light calibrated with Ne/Ar emission lines. We considered the uncertainties originating from the fitting and repeatability of both the Ne/Ar emission lines and the Rayleigh/Raman‐scattered lights, as well as the unstabilised HeNe laser, and the pixel and spectral resolutions. We also considered the uncertainty originating from the differences in results among the grades and manufacturers (four for benzonitrile and seven for cyclohexane). The estimated wavenumbers of 12 peaks for benzonitrile and 11 peaks for cyclohexane were comparable with those described in ASTM E1840 with an expanded uncertainty from 1.3 to 1.6 cm−1 (k = 2, coverage factor). It was also confirmed that the wavenumbers at 10°C and 35°C were within the expanded uncertainty; thus, these values should be widely useful for the calibration of Raman systems.
Effect of co‐treatment of microwave and exogenous l‐phenylalanine on the enrichment of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat sprouts
Authors: Peng Wenping , Wang Nan , Wang Shunmin , Wang Junzhen , Bian Zixiu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTartary buckwheat is rich in flavonoids. The application of physical processing technology and exogenous materials treatment can effectively promote grain germination and the accumulation of bioactive secondary metabolites. The content of four flavonoids, the activities of key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavonol synthase (FLS)) and the expression of key enzyme genes (FtPAL, FtCHI, FtFLS1, FtFLS2) in Tartary buckwheat sprouts treated with microwave and l‐phenylalanine (l‐Phe) were investigated, and the relationship between them was analyzed to explore the mechanism of promoting flavonoid accumulation, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional Tartary buckwheat sprout food.RESULTSGermination can promote the synthesis of flavonoids. The contents of chlorogenic acid and rutin in 7‐day sprouts increased by 13 420.63% and 225.12% compared with seeds, respectively. Under the best treatment condition T3 (microwave 250 W, 90 s, 2.9 mmol L−1 L‐Phe), the specific activities of PAL, CHI and FLS in 5‐day‐old sprouts increased by 47.84%, 53.04% and 28.02% compared with control check (CK), respectively; and the expression of FtPAL, FtCHI and FtFlS1 increased by 39.84%, 24.78% and 33.72% compared with CK, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat sprouts was significantly positively correlated with the specific activities of key enzymes (P < 0.01) and dynamically correlated with genes related to the synthesis of three enzymes.CONCLUSIONIt suggested that microwave and l‐Phe treatment may promote the synthesis of flavonoids by promoting the expression of key enzymes genes in phenylpropane metabolism and controlling the activity of key enzymes in phenylpropane metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A theoretical kinetic study of the reactions of NH2 radicals with methanol and ethanol and their implications in kinetic modeling
Authors: Giri Binod Raj , Shrestha Krishna Prasad , Mai Tam V.‐T. , Mauss Fabian , Huynh Lam K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmino (NH2) radicals play a central role in the pyrolysis and oxidation of ammonia. Several reports in the literature highlight the importance of the reactions of NH2 radicals with fuel in NH3‐dual‐fuel combustion. Therefore, we investigated the reactions of NH2 radicals with methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (C2H5OH) theoretically. We explored the various reaction pathways by exploiting CCSD(T)/cc‐pV(T, Q)Z//M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. The reaction proceeds via complex formation at the entrance and exit channels in an overall exothermic process. We used canonical transition state theory to obtain the high‐pressure limiting rate coefficients for various channels over the temperature range of 300–2000 K. We discerned the role of various channels in the potential energy surface (PES) of NH2 + CH3OH/C2H5OH reactions. For both reactions, the hydrogen abstraction pathway at the OH‐site of alcohols plays a minor role in the entire T‐range investigated. By including the title reactions into an extensive kinetic model, we demonstrated that the reaction of NH2 radicals with alcohols plays a paramount role in accurately predicting the low‐temperature oxidation kinetics of NH3‐alcohols dual fuel systems (e.g., shortening the ignition delay time). On the contrary, these reactions have negligible importance for high‐temperature oxidation kinetics of NH3‐alcohol blends (e.g., not affecting the laminar flame speed). In addition, we calculated the rate coefficients for NH2 + CH4 = CH3 + NH3 reaction that are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Impact of armed conflict on land use and land cover changes in global border areas
Authors: Zheng Fangyu , Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNational borderlands as the spatial carrier and forefront for exerting geopolinomical influence and implementing geopolinomical strategy, most have the same or similar eco‐geographical structure characteristics, such as land cover. However, there are different development trends in different national relationships (e.g., cooperation and conflict), and land use and land cover changes (LUCC), especially in apparent in border areas. In general, armed conflict in border areas is accompanied by severe, immediate and long‐lasting LUCC‐like forest loss. Here, by means of geospatial analysis, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and Climate Change Initiative Land Cover dataset were used to investigate the linkages between the armed conflict and LUCC or the patterns and processes of LUCC before, during and after armed conflict around the globe in borderlands from 1992 to 2020. The main and key insights are: (1) nearly 50% of global armed conflict has occurred and re‐occurred in these borderlands since 1992, leading to about 16.5% of LUCC globally; (2) the impact of armed conflict on LUUC is hysteretic, based on the intensity of conflict, especially in borderlands; (3) the transfer rate of land use is high during the conflict and tends to be stable in the post‐conflict period; (4) the absolute amount of armed conflict damage to forest land is large, but the changes rate of impervious surfaces is far more than the former, nearly 18 times greater. These findings improve the understanding of the impact of armed conflict on LUCC, in border areas. This study could provide a proxy and benchmark for exploring the cause‐effect and impact‐response between geopolinomical relations and the borderlands LUCC.
Influence of Acid‐Doped Poly(ethylene imine) Interlayers on the Performance of Polymer:Nonfullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Woongki , Lee Chulyeon , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work reports that ultrathin polymeric films doped with organic acid molecules can act as an electron‐transporting interfacial layer in polymer:nonfullerene solar cells. The polymeric interfacial layers, which consist of poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) doped with 3‐hydroxypropane‐1‐sulfonic acid (HPSA) at various HPSA molar ratios, are introduced between transparent indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and polymer:nonfullerene bulk heterojunction layers. The HPSA‐doped PEI (PEI:HPSA) films are optically translucent in the wavelength range of ≈300–800 nm, while the acidity of PEI solutions reached ≈pH = 7 at HPSA = 30 mol%. The power conversion efficiency of solar cells is improved by doping 20 mol% HPSA due to the increased short circuit current density without open circuit voltage reduction. The improvement in solar cell performances is attributed to an adequate control of HPSA doping ratios, which spares undoped amine units of PEI for making sufficient net dipole layers with ITO surfaces and makes permanent charges for high electrical conductivity in the layers. The surface morphology and doped states are characterized with atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
PUS7 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by directly stabilizing SIRT1 to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fei Sujuan , Zhao Yanchao , Liu Shengnan , Wu Xiaoting , Lu Lili , Chen Weichang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPseudouridine synthase 7 (PUS7) may play key roles in cancer development. However, few studies have been conducted in this area. In the present study, we explored the function and potential mechanisms of PUS7 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We found that PUS7 had higher expression in CRC tissues and cell lines. Clinically, high expression of PUS7 was associated with an unfavorable prognosis for CRC patients. Functionally, knockdown of PUS7 suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) indicated that PUS7 exhibited oncogenic functions through the interaction of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that PUS7 promotes the proliferation of CRC cells by directly stabilizing SIRT1 to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Researching the crowd: Implications on philanthropic crowdfunding and donor characteristics during a pandemic
Authors: van Teunenbroek Claire , Hasanefendic Sandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew online forms of giving have appeared next to more traditional ways like door‐to‐door collections. One of these new forms is philanthropic crowdfunding: donation‐ and reward‐based crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a promising method for mobilising and recruiting donors who may be unreachable via traditional methods. We analysed online giving via crowdfunding, focusing on donor characteristics and giving behaviour before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our analysis comprises survey research (n = 2125) observing giving behaviour on an individual level for both donors and non‐donors. Our contributions are twofold. First, we report on the characteristics of donors who give to crowdfunding sources and in relation to donors who give via a door‐to‐door (i.e., ‘traditional’) collection focusing on micro‐ rather than macro‐level data. Second, we compare the giving behaviour via crowdfunding with references to door‐to‐door collections before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We show that the percentage of individuals supporting crowdfunding did not increase between 2018 (11%) and 2020 (12%). Regarding the amount, donors donated 13% higher amounts in 2020, but the difference was not significant. Regarding the characteristics of donors, we find that social media has a substantive role in giving via crowdfunding irrespective of other personal markers such as age, education, income, and gender, while this is not relevant in the case of door‐to‐door collection. Moreover, most people give to crowdfunding projects that are connected to an acquaintance, which signals that familiarity with the person initiating the crowdfunding projects plays a role. We conclude that crowdfunding, relative to more traditional giving, focuses more on informal giving than formal giving. Such an understanding requires different strategies and stimuli to increase giving via crowdfunding.
Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the developing wheat seed coat investigated by chemical and RNA‐Seq analysis
Authors: Vaughan Simon P. , Baker John M. , Primavesi Lucia F. , Patil Archana , King Robert , Hassani‐Pak Keywan , Kulasekaran Satish , Coghill Jane , Ward Jane L. , Huttly Alison K. , Phillips Andrew L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe composition of proanthocyanidins in the testa (seed coat) of bread wheat was analyzed by thiolysis of PA oligomers from developing grain and found to consist of (+)‐catechin monomers, with a small amount of (+)‐gallocatechin. The average chain length of soluble PA stayed relatively constant between 10 and 20 days post‐anthesis, whereas that of unextractable PA increased over the same period, suggesting that increases in chain length might account for the insolubility of PAs from mature wheat grain. We carried out RNA‐Seq followed by differential expression analysis from dissected tissues of developing grain from red‐ and white‐grained near‐isogenic lines differing in the presence of an active R gene that encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in control of PA biosynthesis. In addition to genes already identified encoding chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase, and dihydroxyflavonoid 4‐reductase, we showed that wheat genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase, flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and a glutathione S‐transferase (the orthologue of maize Bronze‐2) were more highly expressed in the red NIL. We also identified candidate orthologues of other catalytic and regulatory components of flavonoid biosynthesis in wheat.
Molecular understanding of the possible mechanisms of oligosaccharide oxidation by cold plasma
Authors: Yusupov Maksudbek , Dewaele Debbie , Attri Pankaj , Khalilov Umedjon , Sobott Frank , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising technology for several medical applications, including the removal of biofilms from surfaces. However, the molecular mechanisms of CAP treatment are still poorly understood. Here we unravel the possible mechanisms of CAP‐induced oxidation of oligosaccharides, employing reactive molecular dynamics simulations based on the density functional‐tight binding potential. Specifically, we find that the interaction of oxygen atoms (used as CAP‐generated reactive species) with cellotriose (a model system for the oligosaccharides) can break structurally important glycosidic bonds, which subsequently leads to the disruption of the oligosaccharide molecule. The overall results help to shed light on our experimental evidence for cellotriose oxidation by CAP. This study provides atomic‐level insight into the onset of plasma‐induced removal of biofilms, as oligosaccharides are one of the main components of biofilm.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of aufeis in the Tso Moriri basin, eastern Ladakh, India
Authors: Brombierstäudl Dagmar , Schmidt Susanne , Nüsser Marcus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAufeis is a common phenomenon in cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere that develops during winter by successive water overflow and freezing on ice‐covered surfaces. Most studies on aufeis occurrence focus on regions in North America and Siberia, while research in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is still in an exploratory phase. This study investigates the extent and dynamics of icing processes and aufeis in the Tso Moriri basin, eastern Ladakh, India. Based on a combination of 235 Landsat 5 TM/8 OLI and Sentinel‐2 imagery from 2008 to 2021 the occurrence of icing and aufeis was classified using a random forest classifier. A total of 27 frequently occurring aufeis fields with an average maximum extent of 9 km2 were identified, located at a mean elevation of 4,700 m a.s.l. Temporal patterns show a distinct accumulation phase (icing) between November and April, and a melting phase lasting from May until July. Icing is characterized by high seasonal and inter‐annual variability. Successive water overflow mainly occurs between January and March and seems to be related to diurnal freeze–thaw‐cycles, whereas higher daytime temperatures result in larger icing areas. Aufeis feeding sources are often located within or in close vicinity to wetland areas, while vegetation is largely absent on surfaces with frequent aufeis formation. These interactions require more attention in future research. In addition, this study shows the high potential of a machine learning approach to monitor icing processes and aufeis, which can be transferred to other regions.