bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hospital-Based Study on the Distribution of Ovarian Tumors in the Tribal and Nontribal Population of Ranchi, Jharkhand
Authors: Moitra Bratati , Nalini Neelam , Gupta Shivani , Singh Bijeta 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the types and management of ovarian tumors in tribal and nontribal population of Jharkhand.

Methods:
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology for duration of 24 months from December 2019 till November 2021. The study included the data (age and clinical symptoms) of patients of ovarian tumors who attended the Gynecology Outpatient Department and were managed with surgery or neoadjuvant therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed through radiology investigations, tumor markers, and histopathology. Histopathological reports of samples sent to the Department of Pathology were included.

Results:
A total of 150 patients with ovarian tumors were included, among which 63 (42%) were tribal. As compared to nontribals, tribals had comparable mean age (39.05 ± 12.18 vs. 36.55 ± 11.77, P = 0.469), comparable parity, and socioeconomic status. The most common complaints were pain in lower abdomen (80%), lump in lower abdomen (34%), and abdominal distension (18%). Epithelial tumors constituted the majority of tumors, and histopathological types included mucinous adenocarcinoma (26%), dermoid cyst (16%), serous cystadenoma (10%), and simple ovarian cyst (10%). Distribution of histopathological type of tumor was comparable between nontribal and tribal (P = 0.478). Seventy-four percent of the patients were managed operatively, which included unilateral ovarian mass/cyst removal, ovarian mass removal, total abdominal hysterectomy, and opposite side salpingo-oophorectomy, whereas 26% of the patients were managed conservatively with chemotherapy. There was no mortality, and the overall outcomes were comparable between nontribals and tribals (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, histopathological type, management, and outcomes were similar among tribal and nontribal patients with ovarian tumors.
The Influence of School Leadership Experiences and Working Environment on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Kilimanjaro and Pwani Regions, Tanzania
Authors: Sospeter Mwita , Hassanal Issaya B. 
Published: August 2022

This study explored the influence of school leadership and working environment on teachers’ job satisfaction in Tanzania. The study was guided by two questions: how school leadership influences teachers’ job satisfaction and how the working environment influences teachers’ job satisfaction. Herzberg’s two-factor theory guided the study. A mixed method approach was employed where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed using a concurrent research design in which. The study focused on public secondary schools in Tanzania and involved 244 respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. questionnaires and interviews were used in data collection for the study. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and linear regression analyses . The study findings reveal that school leadership influences teachers’ satisfaction with the job. Importantly, the linear regression results revealed that teachers’ collaboration significantly predicted commitment to the job (β=0.24, t (4, 239)= 3.77, p=0.000). the findings imply that the increase in teachers’ collaboration in various school matters stimulated their passion and engagement in school activities. On the other hand, a safe working environment at school accounts for 51.5 per cent in predicting teachers’ satisfaction with the job (p≤ 0.01). Therefore, collective leadership and a conducive environment at school help in increasing employees’ satisfaction with the job. It is recommended that school leaders should continuously be trained on collective leadership and improvement of the working environment.
Coping strategies amongst patients with spinal cord injuries in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muteti K , Mlambo T , Chikwasha V , Chigonda B 
Published: August 2022

Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most common disabling neurological conditions managed by Occupational therapists in Zimbabwe. The coping strategies adopted by these SCI survivors and the factors associated with the adjustment have not been fully explored.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done to determine the coping strategies used by SCI patients adjust to their condition. The Brief Cope Inventory and Spinal Cord Lesions Coping Strategies Questionnaire were used to gather data from SCI patients in three institutions that rehabilitate people with SCI in Zimbabwe. Ethical procedures were followed.
Results: Forty three patients with SCI participated in the study. Seventy-seven percent were male and median age was 35 years (IQR 27-43). The most common cause of injury was road traffic accident (63%) followed by mining related falls. The most used coping strategies were religion (91%), acceptance (79%), positive reframing (70%) and use of emotional support (67%) which are all positive in nature. Least used coping strategies were substance abuse (2%), denial (7%) and behavioural disengagement (16%) which are all negative in nature. Male gender (p=0.034) and receiving rehabilitation at a rehabilitation centre (p=0.041) were associated with use of a positive coping strategy.
Conclusion: SCI generally affect a young male population. There is a need to capitalize on the commonly used positive coping strategies and to support women and those in hospitals. There is also need to further explore factors associated with the coping strategies adopted so SCI survivors are assisted to cope positively with their injury.
Haematological features in babies with perinatal asphyxia in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mabaera N , Mubaira S , Mandisodza A 
Published: August 2022

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is failure to establish breathing at birth. It is a common cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the major complication of asphyxia, resulting in permanent neurological and other multi-organ damages. Some haematological changes have also been observed in patients with this disease.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the haematological features in babies with perinatal asphyxia in Zimbabwe.
Methodology: A prospective laboratory based cross sectional study was carried out at the Sally Mugabe Hospital Neonatal Unit from December 2018 to April 2019. Routine full blood counts on samples from babies with perinatal asphyxia on their first day of life. Peripheral blood smears were examined on all those with abnormal full blood count results.
Results: Full blood counts were done on 180 babies with perinatal asphyxia of whom 103 (57%) and 77 (43%) were females and males respectively. The median white cell count and nucleated red cell count were elevated. The platelet and red cell count were decreased. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were within normal range. The Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) were increased. There was a correlation between increased nucleated red blood and white cell counts with the severity of perinatal asphyxia in the order of Asphyxia Without Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (AWHIE), Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE I), HIE II, and HEI III. The most common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopaenia 52(29%), anaemia 51(28%) and leukopaenia 28(16%). Twenty-four (47%) of anaemia patients had microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Thirty-one (47%) of 65 blood films examined exhibited immature granulocytes and 28(43%) had burr red blood cells.
Conclusion: Babies with perinatal asphyxia may present with haematological abnormalities such as anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, leukocytosis and elevated nucleated red cell count as complications of sever hypoxia. Full blood count may be a useful in the effective management of perinatal asphyxia.
Trends of Intergenerational Support towards Elderly Parents in Coast Region, Tanzania
Authors: Deusetus Mfungo Bahati , George Victor 
Published: August 2022

This study sought to establish the trend of intergenerational support amid current social and economic changes in the Coast region, Tanzania. The study was specifically conducted in Kibaha Town Council (TC) and Mkuranga District Council (DC). The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total of 394 respondents composed of older people aged 60 years and above out of the 15,919 older people obtained in Kibaha TC and Mkuranga DC were selected to participate in this study. Data was collected through a questionnaire, interview schedule and FGD. The findings revealed that despite social and economic changes which affect the relationship between parents and adult children, financial support was largely provided to the majority of older people. Indeed the study has noted that despite the reception of support from their adult children, there was a lack of filial obligation among adult children. In addition, though the majority of older people were receiving support, older women, illiterate and those living with their adult children were more likely to demand and receive support than others. As a result of poor economies among adult children, the support received by older people, especially financial assistance was largely inadequate and untimely. It is therefore recommended that the government and the community need to raise awareness among the young people on the importance of helping older parents as part of the strategies to enhance informal protection mechanisms. To reduce a huge burden on adult children, the government needs to re-think and put in place a non-contributory universal pension for all older people. Similarly, the government needs to put a high priority on older women since they are the ones who are most in need of support. To ensure that the support provided is adequate and reliable, the government needs to create more employment opportunities for adult children.
Succession Planning in Ghana’s Nascent Technical Universities: The Case of Cape Coast Technical University
Authors: Egyimba Gorman Gladys , Sarpong Dwumoh Joseph 
Published: August 2022

This paper investigated on succession planning in Ghana’s Technical Universities with the Cape Coast Technical University as a case. In this study, the researchers interviewed nine purposively sampled senior managerial and administrative personnel. The interview transcripts were content-analysed using the Taguette computer-aided qualitative data analysis software. The study uncovered that the CCTU has neither a succession policy nor a formal arrangement for training and mentoring personnel to fill leadership roles. Personnel interviewed demonstrated a positive perception of succession planning even though it was based on basic knowledge of the concept. Further, interviewees expressed a desire to see succession planning given a try at the CCTU. However, they wanted such a program to be transparent, inclusive, and coherent. They also would like to see any such policy have adequate top-level backing. The challenges to a potential succession planning policy included the risk of it being abused as a tool for cronyism, the risk of people selected and sponsored under the policy leaving the organization and the risk of it only existing on paper without full implementation The authors recommend that the dominant coalition at CCTU should study feasibility of formal succession planning and formulate a unique solution that is based in local context. They also recommend that researchers expand on this study across HEIs in Ghana. Finally, the researchers recommend that it would be insightful to examine the prevalence and nature of succession planning in various Ghanaian organizations. Such research may uncover practices and leadership development philosophies that are rooted in Ghanaian culture and which may be further developed.
Effectiveness of Inclusivity in Technical Education: A Case of Visually Impaired Learners in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe
Authors: Sithole Silas , H. Mukawu Lawrence , Matsvange Melody , Bandera Theresa 
Published: August 2022

The study investigated on effectiveness of inclusivity in the teaching and learning of technical subjects in high schools of Mashonaland East Province in Zimbabwe. A descriptive survey research design was adopted while the questionnaire and the interview guide were used to receive data for the study. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics in terms of mean scores. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the inclusion of learners with low vision in the teaching of technical subjects in the main stream was not effectively conducted as most teachers were not trained to handle learners with special educational needs such as the visually impaired at colleges or universities. Specialist teachers did not get time to professionally develop their colleagues and hence subject teachers remained ineffective and incompetent. It is therefore recommended that school authorities should periodically initiate staff development programs for subject teachers on how to effectively help learners with low vision in the respective schools. Technical teachers’ colleges in the country should include Special Needs Education (SNE) courses for student teachers to effectively discharge their duties in the classroom. High schools managers in the province should ensure that learners with low vision get adequate time per week for assistance and remediation.
Talent Management: A Case Study of Namibia’s Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA) in Securing Talent for Aviation Safety
Authors: Simataa George , Pearse Noel J. 
Published: August 2022

This study presents a deductive case study of the initiatives undertaken by the Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA) of Namibia over the period 2008 to 2014 in securing talent for aviation safety. The aim of the research is to analyse this talent management programme from the perspective of the literature on talent management, with a focus on strategic positions in organisations. The results of the study describe and analyse the talent management activities that were adopted. Some of the findings of the study were in line with this strategic positions approach to talent management, while this theoretical perspective also identified a number of shortcomings of the programme. However, certain challenges that were encountered in carrying out the talent management programme could not be addressed from this perspective, thereby exposing the limits of this approach to talent management in an emerging economy like Namibia. Recommendations are made for practice and further research, including organisations like the DCA taking responsibility for developing talent beyond organisational boundaries.
Do we really learn from railway occurrence investigations? A South African railway industry perspective
Authors: Hutchings Jessica , Thatcher Andrew 
Published: August 2022

In South Africa, railway occurrence numbers have remained unchanged over recent years despite stakeholder goals aiming for zero occurrences, suggesting that there is an important need to examine why the numbers have not decreased. This is despite accidents being investigated by the various stakeholders in the rail socio-technical system. A failure to properly identify the underlying causes for incidents may be a possible reason for the number of recurrences. If occurrences are being investigated, why then do the number of occurrences remain largely unchanged? It is proposed that perhaps there are systemic factors within the railway system that influence the investigation process and therefore its effectiveness. Rasmussen’s (1997) Risk Management Framework is used to illustrate the South African railway system and to determine the systemic factors for each level of the system impacting on the effectiveness of occurrence investigations. A qualitative, multi-method approach was adopted. The research highlighted that there are indeed systemic factors that hinder the system’s ability to facilitate a learning culture. Results suggest that there is a distinct lack of mutual trust, transparency, feedback, and sharing of information, and no just culture across the entire system. The results of this research indicate that in the railway system, learning from previous accidents does not always happen. This is largely attributed to a number of systemic factors inherent in the larger railway system that influence the effectiveness of the entire investigation process. It is concluded that failure to identify what really happened during an occurrence and therefore the validity of the recommendations impacts on the system’s ability to learn from such events.
Assessment of the Level of Awareness of Households and Institutions on the Impacts of Premature End-of-Life Vehicles in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Okoth Selelah , Nyukur Elvin , Mulwa Richard 
Published: August 2022

Over the years, Kenya has recorded an increase in the volumes of vehicles shipped into the country. Some of these vehicles end up being premature end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) mainly due to road accidents. These premature ELVS are poorly managed mostly parked in police station yards, garages, and some residential estates causing public health and environmental harm thus undermining achievement of sustainable development. There have been scattered efforts on their management through policies and legislation such as the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999; the umbrella law on environment which is both generic and unable to sufficiently address premature ELVs. This paper provides findings from a study whose objective was to assess the level of awareness of households, public and private institutions on the impact of poor management of premature ELVs on social concerns, public health, and the environment; and implores on the need for responsive policy and legal frameworks. To this end, structured questionnaires were administered to a total of 170 households in Nairobi County while key informant interviews (n=88) were conducted in relevant government agencies viz. policy making institutions; regulators and enforcement agencies; and, garages, salvage companies, and insurance firms. A Likert scale (1-5), with 1 being totally unaware and 5 highly aware was used to gauge the level of awareness. The mean level of awareness was 3.87 and most respondents were above this level of knowledge about social impacts such as degradation of the aesthetic values associated with poorly managed premature ELVs. However, another majority was below the average awareness level of 3.87 on awareness of the environmental and public health impacts associated with poor management of the premature ELVs. The results of this study indicate the need for enhanced awareness programs and development of policy and legal frameworks for effective management of premature ELVs in Kenya.
Keywords: Premature end-of-life vehicle; Awareness level; ELV management; Nairobi City County; sustainable development
Characterization, stability and solubility of co-amorphous systems of glibenclamide and L-arginine at different pH
Authors: Aragón-Aburto Salma O , Mondragón-Vásquez Karina , Valerio- Alfaro Gerardo , Domínguez-Chávez Jorge G 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To investigate the stability and solubility of co-amorphous systems of glibenclamide (GBC) with L-arginine (L-Arg) at different pH values.
Methods: Three co-amorphous solids of GBC and L-Arg were obtained by fast solvent evaporation using 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries. All co-amorphous systems were characterized by XRPD, FTIR, RAMAN and NMR-solid state as well as thermal techniques such as DSC and TGA. The stability of coamorphous systems was evaluated by indicative stability and stability in relevant physiological media was measured at different pH values.
Results: The chemical characterization suggest that there was no proton transference between L-Arg and GBC indicative of co-amorphous solids. Stability studies showed that all the co-amorphous solids are unstable under humid conditions and only the co-amorphous system of GBC: L-Arg 1:2 was stable in all the pH values tested. Solubility studies at different pH values showed that the co-amorphous GBC: L-Arg 1:1 and 1:2, showed increasing solubility values even at pH < 7 (0.6468 mg/mL at pH 1.2 for coamorphous GBC: L-Arg 1:2 at the first hour) where free GBC was not soluble.
Conclusion: Co-amorphous systems of GBC and L-Arg, is an interesting strategy to increase the solubility of poorly-soluble drugs at acidic pH values
Keywords: Co-amorphous; Glibenclamide; L-Arginine; Solubility; Stability
Effect of rPMS on N-type calcium channel in rats with neuropathic pain
Authors: Cai Xianbin , Xu Xuefen 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on N-type calcium channel of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).
Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into control, mock surgical, model, and rPMS groups. For the model and rPMS groups, rat NP models were made based on chronic constriction injury (CCI) model from January 2018 to June 2019; the mock surgical group was treated to expose the sciatic nerve, while the control group received no treatment.
Results: Compared to the control group, the model group demonstrated a prominent increase in spontaneous pain-like behaviors, threshold of claw withdrawal in reaction to mechanical stimulation, substance P, glutamic acid, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and calcium current, with a decrease in paw withdrawal thermal latency (PwTL) (p < 0.05). In comparison to the model group, alleviated spontaneous pain-like behaviors, reduced threshold of claw withdrawal in reaction to mechanical stimulation, substance P, glutamic acid, CGRP, and calcium current rPMS, with increased PwTL were observed in the rPMS group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: rPMS alleviates NP syndromes and inhibits the activity of N-type calcium channel in rats. This finding provides a theoretical basis and reference for the clinical application of rPMS in the treatment of NP.
Keywords: Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS); Neuropathic pain; N-type calcium channel; Paw withdrawal thermal latency
Influence of cilostazol on thromboangiitis obliterans in rats and the mechanism involved
Authors: Zhu Weiliang , Ying Jianyue 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To study the effect of Cilostazol on rat thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), and the mechanism of action involved.
Methods: Rats (N = 45) were injected with sodium laurate to establish the model of TAO, and then divided into Sham group (n = 15), TAO group (n = 15) and TAO + cilostazol group (n = 15). After administration of cilostazol, TAO lesions in the rats were graded, and the femoral arteries were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) to determine the degree of vascular lesions. The status of vascular endothelial cells was determined using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the expression and transcription levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.
Results: In contrast to Sham group, TAO group exhibited symptoms such as changes in skin temperature and color, and limb swelling and thanatosis, while in the TAO + cilostazol group, the damage was reversed, vascular and vascular endothelial cell lesions were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05), and the transcription and translation levels of HIF-1α and VEGF significantly suppressed (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Cilostazol alleviates sodium laurate-induced TAO lesions in rats via HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. This study may provide new insights for the treatment of TAO.
Keywords: Cilostazol; Hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway; Thromboangiitis obliterans; Limb swelling; Thanatosis