bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomic analysis of carboxylesterase genes in Tenebrio molitor and other four tenebrionids
Authors: Yang Yan‐Lin , Li Xun , Wang Jun , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhu Jia‐Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarboxylesterases (COEs) have various functions in wide taxons of organisms. In insects, COEs are important enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of a variety of ester‐containing xenobiotics, neural signal transmission, pheromone degradation, and reproductive development. Understanding the diversity of COEs is basic to illustrate their functions. In this study, we identified 53, 105, 37, and 39 COEs from the genomes of Tenebrio molitor, Asbolus verucosus, Hycleus cichorii, and H. phaleratus in the superfamily of Tenebrionidea, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 234 COEs from these four species and those reported in Tribolium castaneum (63) could be divided into 12 clades and three major classes. The α‐esterases significantly expanded in T. molitor, A. verucosus, and T. castaneum compared to dipteran and hymenopteran insects. In T. molitor, most COEs showed tissue and stage‐specific but not a sex‐biased expression. Our results provide insights into the diversity and evolutionary characteristics of COEs in tenebrionids, and lay a foundation for the functional characterization of COEs in the yellow mealworm.
Fabrication Strategies Towards Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: Chemical and Mechanical Insights
Authors: Acciaretti Federico , Vesentini Simone , Cipolla Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review aims at giving selected chemical and mechanical insights on design criteria that should be taken into account in hydrogel production for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to the chemical aspects involved in hydrogel design: macromer chemical composition, cross‐linking strategies and chemistry towards “conventional” and smart/stimuli responsive hydrogels. Mechanical properties of hydrogels in view of regenerative medicine applications will also be considered.
Pupillometric measures of altered stimulus‐evoked locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine activity explain attenuated social attention in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Polzer Leonie , Freitag Christine M. , Bast Nico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAttenuated social attention has been described as a reduced preference for social compared to geometric motion in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The locus coeruleus‐norpinephrine (LC‐NE) system modulates sensory reactivity and is a promising underlying mechanism. LC‐NE activity is indexed by a stimulus‐evoked pupillary response (SEPR) and partially by a luminance‐adaptation pupillary response (LAPR), which were both shown to be aberrant in ASD. We examined whether SEPR and LAPR explain an attenuated social motion preference. We applied pupillometry via video‐based eye tracking in young children (18–65 months) with ASD (n = 57) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 39) during a preferential looking paradigm of competing social and geometric motion and a changing light condition paradigm. We found an attenuated social motion preference in the ASD compared to the TD group. This was accompanied by atypical pupillometry showing a smaller SEPR to social motion, a larger SEPR to geometric motion and a reduced LAPR to a dark screen. SEPR but not LAPR explained the group difference in social motion preference. An ASD diagnosis was statistically predicted by the social motion preference, while this effect was mediated by the inclusion of SEPR to geometric and social motion. Our findings suggest a decreased sensory reactivity to social and increased reactivity to non‐social motion in ASD, which may concurrently contribute to an attenuated social attention. The LC‐NE system is supported as a promising underlying mechanism of altered social attention in young children with ASD, while the specificity of findings remains to be addressed.
Progress and challenges in the biofoundry of immunosuppressants: From process to practice
Authors: Ganjoo Ananta , Sharma Nitika , Shafeeq Haseena , Bhat Nargis A. , Dubey Kashyap K. , Babu Vikash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms are known to produce pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites that are used as drug moieties in the treatment of various disorders. Discovery of one such class of drugs called immunosuppressants led the way for new and improved treatment regimens for the cases of organ rejections as well as for autoimmune diseases. Uncovering the role of these secondary metabolites as immunomodulators had increased their demand in the global drug market. However, this was soon overshadowed by the low amount of product obtained after fermentation and tedious downstream processing for the recovery of product. Hence, continuous efforts are being made to enhance their production by unveiling the basic biosynthetic pathways involved in their synthesis. From unearthing these immunosuppressants to their rapid development towards commercialization, these drugs have gained a significant place in the world market. Hence, the present review is focused on the progress and challenges in the production and downstream processing of different immunosuppressants (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, rapamycin, and mycophenolic acid). This is the first review report on how the market demand of immunosuppressants could be fulfilled by exploring biofoundry approaches to achieve the goal.
Process design of a fully integrated continuous biopharmaceutical process using economic and ecological impact assessment
Authors: Ding Chaoying , Ardeshna Hiren , Gillespie Christopher , Ierapetritou Marianthi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContinuous biomanufacturing is a promising alternative to current batch operation as it offers benefits in terms of improved productivity, product quality, and reduced footprint. This study aims to build a fully integrated continuous platform for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production incorporating novel technologies (like intensified seed expansion and continuous high cell density perfusion operations, single‐pass tangential flow filtration, and single‐use technologies) as well as media and buffer preparation steps. Economic assessment is performed on the basis of the total cost of goods (COGs), which is $102.2/g in the base‐case scenario with a bioreactor scale of 500 L. E‐factor is used as an environmental indicator and the result shows that 4865.6kg of process water and 11.1 kg of consumables are required to produce 1 kg mAbs. After the development and analysis of the benchmark process, scenario analysis is performed to assess the impacts of the bioreactor scale (60–2000 L) and upstream titers (1.12–2.08 g/L) on the process economics as well as on the environmental footprint. With the increase of bioreactor scale and mAb titer, the operating COGs per unit product decrease. Moreover, increasing the mAb titer is more favorable in terms of the ecological impacts. To investigate the production capacity, the upstream production is increased and the downstream bottlenecks are determined. It is found that only the multicolumn chromatographic (MCC) operations become the process bottleneck and the order of the MCC unit operation that becomes the process bottleneck depends on capacity utilization for that step. Finally, a new platform is built with the integration of membrane chromatography and the two designed processes are compared in terms of economic and ecological impacts.
Scalable manufacturing platform for the production of PEGylated heme albumin
Authors: Savla Chintan , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCell‐free heme, which was previously shown to have adverse effects on the innate immune system, does not induce inflammation when bound to a protein carrier via overexpression of the enzyme heme‐oxygenase 1 (HO‐1). Studies in mouse macrophage cell culture and human endothelial cells have confirmed HO‐1 catalyzed breakdown of protein bound heme into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO), which elicits anti‐inflammatory effects. However, to fully realize the anti‐inflammatory therapeutic effects of heme, a colloidally stable heme protein carrier must be developed. To accomplish this goal, we incorporated multiple heme molecules into human serum albumin (HSA) via partial unfolding of HSA at basic pH followed by refolding at neutral pH, and subsequently conjugated the surface of the heme‐HSA complex with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to stabilize heme‐HSA. Quantification studies confirmed that a maximum of 5−6 hemes could be bound to HSA without precipitation or degradation of heme‐HSA. Dynamic light scattering, size exclusion‐high performance liquid chromatography (SEC‐HPLC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry confirmed the increase in hydrodynamic diameter and molecular weight (MW), respectively, upon PEGylation of heme‐HSA. Furthermore, PEG‐heme‐HSA was stable upon exposure to different pH environments, freeze‐thaw cycles, and storage at 4°C. Taken together, we devised a synthesis and purification platform for the production of PEGylated heme‐incorporated HSA that can be used to test the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of heme in vivo.
Metabolic minimap of anaerobic digestion for undergraduate biochemistry courses
Authors: Shen Jian , Jin Wenxiong , Chen Chang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a representative catabolic reaction that widely exists in nature, anaerobic digestion (AD) exhibits great value regarding the global carbon cycle, renewable energy development, and environmental protection. Such an important biochemical reaction was ignored before and should be introduced into the teaching and textbooks of undergraduate biochemistry courses. However, students may face obstructions when learning AD theories since the metabolic pathways in AD are very complex. To solve these problems, an instructive metabolic minimap of the AD reaction was designed, including its reaction stages, reaction pathways, substrates, and enzymes. Furthermore, the interrelationships between aerobic catabolism (AEC) and anaerobic catabolism (ANC) were also summarized by combining the catabolic pathways of typical biological macromolecules. In this paper, AD theories were first replenished into undergraduate biochemistry courses by metabolic minimap, which not only provided valuable supports for the practical teaching of AD in undergraduate biochemistry courses, but also acted as an important reference for students in biology‐related majors and biochemistry teachers.
Successful thrombolytic therapy is associated with increased granulocyte CD15 expression and reduced stroke‐induced immunosuppression
Authors: Béres‐Molnár Katalin Anna , Czeti Ágnes , Takács Ferenc , Barna Gábor , Kis Dániel , Róka Gabriella , Folyovich András , Toldi Gergely 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesStroke‐induced immunosuppression (SIIS) increases the risk of poststroke infections. We aimed to determine whether failed versus successful thrombolytic therapy (TT) resulted in SIIS‐associated changes in peripheral granulocyte markers at 1 week following the insult.MethodsWe collected peripheral blood samples from 19 patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing TT within 6 h after the onset of their first symptoms and 7 days after the insult. Age‐matched controls were sampled on one occasion. We compared the expression of CD15 and CD64 on monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes using flow cytometry.ResultsThe proportion of granulocytes and CD15+ granulocytes was comparable between controls and stroke patients at both time points. While the proportion of CD15bright granulocytes was also comparable, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD15 on this subset was reduced in stroke patients by day 7 but was overall higher at both time points compared to controls. The MFI of CD15 on granulocytes was lower in stroke patients with failed TT than in those with successful TT 1 week after the insult.ConclusionsOur current results indicate that TT may not only acutely reduce the systemic inflammatory response following stroke but may also play a role in reversing SIIS at a later stage following the insult, as reflected by the higher expression of the CD15 marker on granulocytes following successful TT.
Implementation of a psychological treatment outcomes evaluation system for young people at Uruguay's National Health System: Using CORE‐OM
Authors: Dogmanas Denisse , Arias María Alejandra , Gago Fiorella , de Álava Laura , Roussos Andres 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRoutine outcome measurement is an important practice to improve the quality of mental health services. Since 2011, it has been mandatory for health services to offer psychotherapy in Uruguay's National Health System. Adolescents and young people are a priority population. The lack of information about the functioning and the effectiveness of the mental health services focused on youth is an obstacle to assess and, as a consequence, to improve the services. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a system to establish the characteristics and outcomes of psychological treatment received by young people at services provided by Uruguay's National Health System. The present study was the first of its kind to examine the outcomes of psychotherapy offered in mental health services. A pre‐post design in a naturalistic setting was used. Sixty‐nine participants, aged 16 to 24 years, and 26 therapists from four health services participated. Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM; Evans et al., 2002) and a semi‐structured interview were applied to assess the perception of change. CORE‐OM results portrayed a decrease in psychological distress. Interview data helped to better understand the perception of change. A high number of dropouts revealed the need for the services to use strategies to prevent early dropouts in young users. The CORE‐OM appears to be a valuable tool. Barriers for outcomes system implementations are discussed and may prove useful to other countries where there is a lack of an outcome‐oriented clinical culture.
Cocoa Pod Husk: A High‐Pectin Source with Applications in the Food and Biomedical Fields
Authors: Barrios‐Rodríguez Yeison Fernando , Salas‐Calderón Karen Tatiana , Orozco‐Blanco Dayana Alejandra , Gentile Piergiorgio , Girón‐Hernández Joel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCocoa liquor, butter, and powder represent derived products from a small portion of the fruits, compared with the cocoa pod husk (CPH) which accounts for ∼ 70 % of fresh weight. CPH, improperly disposed in plantations, can cause diseases threatening worldwide chocolate production. However, this biomass can be a potential source of bioactive compounds aligned with the circular economy. An overview on the different methods for extracting pectin, resulting in variable extraction yields with a critical discussion on the obtained physicochemical characteristics, is presented. Additionally, the potential applications of the extracted pectin for food and biomedical application are discussed, including thickener, stabilizer, excipient, drug‐release modifier, macrophage activator, etc. Despite these potential outputs, new extraction methods need to be considered for improving efficiency and sustainability. Finally, potential approaches are introduced that can help to minimize the environmental impact, making the extraction cost‐ and time‐efficient, and, therefore, more ssustainable for a further successful translation to industry.
Extended treatment with (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan (Botryosphaeran) reduces obesity and its comorbidities in high‐fat/high‐sugar diet‐fed rats
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Costa , Silva Amadeu Zattoni da , Giordani Morenna Alana , Lira Cleberson , Luvizotto Renata de A. M. , Nascimento André F. , Queiroz Diogo Albino de , Dekker Robert F. H. , Barbosa‐Dekker Aneli M. , de Queiroz Eveline Aparecida Isquierdo Fonseca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObesity is associated with other diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Botryosphaeran, a fungal (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan, is described to present antimutagenic, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antitumor activities when administered by gavage over 15 days in rats and mice. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the metabolic effects of Botryosphaeran (12 mg/kg body weight/day) treatment over 30 days in obese Wistar male rats. Obesity was induced in the rats by a high‐fat/high‐sugar diet for 8 weeks. Control rats received a standard diet. On the 5th week, Botryosphaeran treatment commenced. Groups: control, obese, and obese+Botryosphaeran 30 days. In the 8th week, obesity was characterized. Feed intake, glucose and lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. Obese rats showed accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, reduction of muscle mass, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Botryosphaeran effectively reduced weight gains and the accumulation of retroperitoneal adipose tissue, corrected the levels of glucose, triglycerides, and very low‐density lipoprotein‐cholestrol, and improved insulin sensitivity. Treatment for 30 days was effective in maintaining the beneficial effects demonstrated by this β‐glucan when administered for 15 days without promoting side effects. Treatment with (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐
d‐glucan presented anti‐obesogenic and beneficial metabolic effects in Wistar rats; important for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
Effective Iodine Capture Behavior by a Censer‐shaped Macrocycle in Vapor Phase and Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jiao Jianmin , Xie Wang , Li Yumei , Lin Chen , Jiang Juli , Wang Leyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIodine capture is of great significance for disposal of the hazardous radioactive iodine. CTX[P(O)Ph], one kind of censer‐shaped macrocycle cyclotrixylohydroquinoylene (CTX) derivatives, was applied as an efficient iodine adsorbent. It showed satisfactory iodine adsorption capacity in vapor phase and could be reused without obvious adsorption capacity loss. Besides, the adsorbent could also uptake iodine in water. Fortunately, two iodine loading CTX[P(O)Ph] crystal structures were obtained under different conditions to explore the mechanism of iodine adsorption. This work provides a relatively rare example of iodine adsorption by macrocycle. It is promising that the results with crystal information might be meaningful for exploring and designing new kinds of iodine adsorbents.
Efficient Photoredox Cycles to Control Perylenediimide Self‐Assembly**
Authors: Chen Chunfeng , Valera Jorge S. , Adachi Takuji B. M. , Hermans Thomas M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoreduction of perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives has been widely studied for use in photocatalysis, hydrogen evolution, photo‐responsive gels, and organic semiconductors. Upon light irradiation, the radical anion (PDI⋅−) can readily be obtained, whereas further reduction to the dianion (PDI2−) is rare. Here we show that full 2‐electron photoreduction can be achieved using UVC light: 1) in anaerobic conditions by ‘direct photoreduction’ of PDI aggregates, or 2) by ‘indirect photoreduction’ in aerobic conditions due to acetone ketyl radicals. The latter strategy is also efficient for other dyes, such as naphthalenediimide (NDI) and methylviologen (MV2+). Efficient photoreduction on the minute time‐scale using simple LED light in aerobic conditions is attractive for use in dissipative light‐driven systems and materials.
Experimental investigation of liquid–liquid flow in an inclined pipe using dimensionless numbers
Authors: Yousefirad Sasan , Shad Saeed , Nejati Hamed , Zivar Davood 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo‐phase flow is a common phenomenon in the energy industry, where flow patterns significantly affect heat transfer and pressure drop in different systems. However, there is no unique or comparable flow map because of its dependency on dimensional parameters. Therefore, an analysis using dimensionless numbers makes the results comprehensive. To do so, a series of liquid–liquid flow experiments (1296 experiments) were conducted in a transparent pipe at the different velocities of the phases. The flow patterns were captured using a high‐speed camera. The experiments were performed at eight different inclinations within the range of −20 to +20 degrees. Six flow patterns are observed at different inclinations; stratified flow with mixing at the interface (STMI), dispersion of water in oil (Dw/o), dispersion of oil in water (Do/w), dual continuous (DC), slug, and wavy stratified (WST), where the first five flow patterns are presented in the upward flow and the two last flow patterns disappear in some of the downward flow. The pattern of boundaries for each flow pattern in the upward flow shows dependency on inclination, while in the downward flow condition, a rather general format can be applied to most of the patterns. The analysis illustrates that gravity and buoyancy forces are the dominating forces in the system compared to other forces, such as viscous, inertia, and interfacial tension, which are due to the inclination of the pipe.
Modulation of Conformational Transition of Polypeptides under Slightly Acidic Environment†
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Jiajie , Long Qi , Guo Weisheng , Xiong Menghua 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryControlling the conformational transition of polypeptides under slightly acidic environment is challenging. Herein, we report a class of pH‐responsive helix‐to‐coil conformationally transitionable polypeptides (pCTPs) by simply conjugating tertiary amine groups (TAs) to polylysine. Their conformation is highly dependent on the charge state of TAs, showing a helical structure when most TAs are deprotonated and a non‐helical structure when majority of TAs are protonated. The conformational transition pH can be modulated by tuning the hydrophobicity of TAs and the incorporation of hydrophobic monomers at a pH range of 7.2 to 6.0. Such pCTP showed a vesicle‐to‐micelle transition when their conformation transformed from helix to coil, facilitating controlled drug release. Our study provided an approach to control the conformational transition of polypeptides under slightly acidic condition.
Design and Application of m‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols in Regioselective (3 + 3) Cycloadditions of 2‐Indolymethanols†
Authors: Shi Yi‐Cheng , Yan Xin‐Yu , Wu Ping , Jiang Song , Xu Ran , Tan Wei , Shi Feng 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA new class of m‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols has been designed as competent three‐carbon building blocks and achieved their application in 2‐indolylmethanol‐involved regioselective (3 + 3) cycloadditions under the catalysis of Brønsted acids. By this appoach, a series of indole‐fused six‐membered cycloadducts have been synthesized in overall good yields (up to 98%) with excellent regioselectivity (all >95: 5 rr), thus affording a powerful method for the construction of indole‐fused six‐membered rings. Moreover, a catalytic asymmetric version of this (3 + 3) cycloaddition has been preliminarily investigated, which revealed the potential of the reaction for constructing chiral indole‐fused six‐membered rings in an enantioselective manner. This work not only has accomplished the first design of m‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols as competent reactants, but also represents the first application of m‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols as three‐carbon building blocks in cycloadditions. In addition, this work provides a good example for regioselective and C3‐nucleophilic (3 + 3) cycloadditions of 2‐indolylmethanols, which will substantially enrich the chemistry of 2‐indolylmethanols.