bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYB30 and MYB14 form a repressor–activator module with WRKY8 that controls stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine
Authors: Mu Huayuan , Li Yang , Yuan Ling , Jiang Jinzhu , Wei Yongzan , Duan Wei , Fan Peige , Li Shaohua , Liang Zhenchang , Wang Lijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen exposed to pathogen infection or ultraviolet (UV) radiation, grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plants rapidly accumulate the stilbenoid resveratrol (Res) with concomitant increase of stilbene synthase (STS), the key enzyme in stilbene biosynthesis. Although a few transcription factors have been shown to regulate STSs, the molecular mechanism governing the regulation of STSs is not well elucidated. Our previous work showed that a VvMYB14–VvWRKY8 regulatory loop fine-tunes stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine through protein–protein interaction; overexpression of VvWRKY8 down-regulates VvMYB14 and VvSTS15/21; and application of exogenous Res up-regulates WRKY8 expression. Here, we identified an R2R3-MYB repressor, VvMYB30, which competes with the activator VvMYB14 for binding to the common binding sites in the VvSTS15/21 promoter. Similar to VvMYB14, VvMYB30 physically interacts with VvWRKY8 through their N-termini, forming a complex that does not bind DNA. Exposure to UV-B/C stress induces VvMYB14, VvWRKY8, and VvSTS15/21, but represses VvMYB30 in grapevine leaves. In addition, MYB30 expression is up-regulated by VvWRKY8-overexpression or exogenous Res. These findings suggest that the VvMYB14–VvWRKY8–VvMYB30 regulatory circuit allows grapevine to respond to UV stress by producing Res and prevents over-accumulation of Res to balance metabolic costs. Our work highlights the stress-mediated induction and feedback inhibition of stilbene biosynthesis through a complex regulatory network involving multiple positive and negative transcriptional regulators.
Differential network analysis of oral microbiome metatranscriptomes identifies community scale metabolic restructuring in dental caries
Authors: Espinoza Josh L , Torralba Manolito , Leong Pamela , Saffery Richard , Bockmann Michelle , Kuelbs Claire , Singh Suren , Hughes Toby , Craig Jeffrey M , Nelson Karen E , Dupont Chris L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dental caries is a microbial disease and the most common chronic health condition, affecting nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide. In this study, we used a multiomics approach to characterize the supragingival plaque microbiome of 91 Australian children, generating 658 bacterial and 189 viral metagenome-assembled genomes with transcriptional profiling and gene-expression network analysis. We developed a reproducible pipeline for clustering sample-specific genomes to integrate metagenomics and metatranscriptomics analyses regardless of biosample overlap. We introduce novel feature engineering and compositionally-aware ensemble network frameworks while demonstrating their utility for investigating regime shifts associated with caries dysbiosis. These methods can be applied when differential abundance modeling does not capture statistical enrichments or the results from such analysis are not adequate for providing deeper insight into disease. We identified which organisms and metabolic pathways were central in a coexpression network as well as how these networks were rewired between caries and caries-free phenotypes. Our findings provide evidence of a core bacterial microbiome that was transcriptionally active in the supragingival plaque of all participants regardless of phenotype, but also show highly diagnostic changes in the ways that organisms interact. Specifically, many organisms exhibit high connectedness with central carbon metabolism to Cardiobacterium and this shift serves a bridge between phenotypes. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that caries is a multifactorial ecological disease.
Optic nerve sheath diameter, intensive care unit admission and COVID-19-related-in-hospital mortality
Authors: Gültekin H , Güven M 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundHypoxia and hypercapnia due to acute pulmonary failure in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can increase the intracranial pressure (ICP). ICP correlated with the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) on ultrasonography and is associated with a poor prognosis.AimWe investigated the capability of ONSD measured during admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with critical COVID-19 in predicting in-hospital mortality.MethodsA total of 91 patients enrolled in the study were divided into two groups: survivor (n = 48) and nonsurvivor (n = 43) groups. ONSD was measured by ultrasonography within the first 3 h of ICU admission.ResultsThe median ONSD was higher in the nonsurvivor group than in the survivor group (5.95 mm vs. 4.15 mm, P &lt; 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis between ONSD and in-hospital mortality (contains 26 covariates) was significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–11.55; P = 0.007). The ONSD cutoff for predicting mortality during ICU admission was 5 mm (area under the curve, 0.985; sensitivity, 98%; and specificity, 90%). The median survival of patients with ONSD &gt;5 mm (43%; n = 39) was lower than those with ONSD ≤5 mm (57%; n = 52) (11.5 days vs. 13.2 days; log-rank test P = 0.001).ConclusionsONSD ultrasonography during ICU admission may be an important, cheap and easy-to-apply method that can be used to predict mortality in the early period in patients with critical COVID-19.
Building and Landing the Plane While Flying: How New York State Addressed the Needs of People With Serious Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Erlich Matthew D , Casoy Flavio , Berezin Joshua , Hernandez Yamilette , Smith Thomas E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
New York State was the epicenter for COVID-19 in Spring 2020 when little was known about the pandemic. Dire circumstances necessitated New York State’s (NYS) public mental health system to rapidly pivot, adapt, and innovate its policies and procedures to ensure continuous high-level care to individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), a population especially vulnerable to both the physical and psychosocial sequelae of COVID-19. NYS rapidly adopted emergency measures to support community providers, expanded the capacity of its State-Operated facilities, created policies to promote improved infection control access, collaborated to enhance the public–private continuum of service to support people with SMI, and broadened the use of new technologies to ensure continued engagement of care.
How Did the Mental Health Care System in India Respond to COVID 19 Pandemic?
Authors: Rangaswamy Thara , Grover Sandeep , Tyagi Vidhi , Bhan Anant 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
India with a population of 1.3 billion has a unique health care system in its different states. Mental health care varies widely across the country and this became even more apparent after the COVID-19 pandemic set in. This paper examines the various strategies in response to COVID-19 adopted by the Government of India, the health departments of the individual states, and other private players such as on-government organizations and the civil society. The cessation of many services including outpatient and inpatient care and the scarcity of medicines were serious impacts of COVID-19. The prolonged lockdown in many parts of the country impeded access to mental health care services since public transport was unavailable. This led to many relapses in persons with serious mental disorders. The emergence of new cases of psychosis and an increase in suicides were also seen. Tele consultations came to the fore and many helplines were started offering counseling and guidance regarding the availability of mental health care facilities. While these helped the urban dwellers, those in remote and rural areas were unable to use these services effectively. Many mental health wards were used for COVID-19 patients and mental health professionals were deployed for COVID-19 related duty. The severely mentally ill, the homeless mentally ill, and the elderly were especially vulnerable. Based on our experience with COVID-19, we urge a strong call for action, in terms of strengthening the primary care facilities and increasing the manpower resources to deliver mental health care.
Diglossia Correlates With Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis Among First-Generation Migrants
Authors: Alherz Mohammad , Almusawi Hashemiah , Alsayegh Ammar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisWe have previously hypothesized that diglossia may be a risk factor for psychosis, drawing from observations on migration, ethnicity, social adversity, and language disturbances among others. However, empirical data on this association and the tools necessary for its measurement are limited.Study DesignIn a cross-sectional online sample of first-generation migrants residing in majority English-speaking countries, a response-based decision tree was introduced to classify the sociolinguistic profiles of 1497 participants as either with or without diglossia. Using multivariate logistic regression, the association of diglossia with psychosis risk screening outcomes in the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 was calculated, adjusting for demographic and linguistic confounders. Differences in the symptom categories endorsed between the 2 groups were also examined.Study ResultsDiglossia was identified in 18.4% of participants and was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.58 for a positive risk screening outcome. Other significant factors included subjective social status, hearing difficulty, age, sex, country of residence, education level, and cannabis consumption. The effects of ethnicity, age at migration, fluency, relationship, and employment status were no more significant in the multivariate model. Finally, the largest differences in the proportion of positively responding participants between the two groups were found in symptoms relating to thought insertion and thought broadcasting.ConclusionsIn a sociolinguistic hierarchical framework, diglossia is correlated with prodromal symptoms of psychosis in first-generation migrants.
The dynamics of policy coordination: The case of China’s science and technology policy-making
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Yashan , Mao Jinge , Li Ruinan , Zhang Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe literature on policy coordination between government agencies reveals little about how coordination is managed in centralized political systems. This paper, therefore, presents a dynamic and quantitative analysis of policy coordination in China based on the science and technology (S&T) policy documents issued by China’s central government agencies in the period 1978–2019. From a series of snapshots depicting inter-agency policy development in five historical stages over this timeframe, we find that (1) policy coordination has developed steadily and has mainly occurred to interpret macro strategies and put in place more detailed implementation measures. (2) Ministries under the purview of the State Council have played a leading role in policy coordination, while other types of agencies have cooperated in more supporting roles. (3) Coordination efforts have mainly focused on inclusive and national demand-oriented themes, such as high-tech industrialization, rural S&T, and social development. This research offers a panoramic view of policy coordination trajectories and mechanisms in centralized political systems. As such, it adds to the analysis methods available for quantitatively studying policy documents.
Patterns of Substance Use During Early Pregnancy and Associations With Behavioral Health Characteristics
Authors: Sujan Ayesha C. , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Slama Natalie , Avalos Lyndsay A. , Adams Sara R. , Conway Amy , Ansley Deborah , Young-Wolff Kelly C. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study are to identify patterns of early pregnancy substance use and to examine how these patterns relate to behavioral health conditions measured in early pregnancy.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study (N= 265,274 pregnancies) screened for alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, pharmaceutical opioids, and stimulants during the first trimester via self-report and urine toxicology tests in Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. To identify patterns of prenatal substance use, we conducted latent class analysis. We then calculated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, and family drug use history for each prenatal substance use group and compared the prevalences by estimating prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
We identified the following 4 latent groups with different patterns of substance use: (a) predominantly alcohol and no other substances (9.30%), (b) predominantly cannabis and no other substances (4.88%), (c) predominantly nicotine and some pharmaceutical opioids (1.09%), and (d) high-polysubstance (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and stimulants; 0.36%); these pregnancies were compared with (e) no prenatal substance use (84.37%). The prevalence of all behavioral health conditions was elevated in all prenatal substance use groups compared with the no substance use group. Furthermore, the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, intimate partner violence and family drug use history were greater in the high-polysubstance cluster than the alcohol and cannabis clusters.

Conclusions
Results highlight the importance of screening and interventions for all types of substance use during early pregnancy and suggest a particularly high need to prioritize targeting early interventions to pregnant and reproductive age individuals with polysubstance use.
Struggling With Recovery From Opioids: Who Is at Risk During COVID-19?
Authors: Keith Diana R. , Tegge Allison N. , Stein Jeffrey S. , Athamneh Liqa N. , Craft William H. , Chilcoat Howard D. , Le Moigne Anne , DeVeaugh-Geiss Angela , Bickel Warren K. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Individuals in recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) are vulnerable to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent findings suggest increased relapse risk and overdose linked to COVID-19–related stressors. We aimed to identify individual-level factors associated with COVID-19–related impacts on recovery.

Methods
This observational study (NCT04577144) enrolled 216 participants who previously partook in long-acting buprenorphine subcutaneous injection clinical trials (2015–2017) for OUD. Participants indicated how COVID-19 affected their recovery from substance use. A machine learning approach Classification and Regression Tree analysis examined the association of 28 variables with the impact of COVID-19 on recovery, including demographics, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to minimize overfitting.

Results
Twenty-six percent of the sample reported that COVID-19 had made recovery somewhat or much harder. Past-month opioid use was higher among those who reported that recovery was harder compared with those who did not (51% vs 24%, respectively; P < 0.001). The final classification tree (overall accuracy, 80%) identified the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) as the strongest independent risk factor associated with reporting COVID-19 impact. Individuals with a BDI-II score ≥10 had 6.45 times greater odds of negative impact (95% confidence interval, 3.29–13.30) relative to those who scored <10. Among individuals with higher BDI-II scores, less progress in managing substance use and treatment of OUD within the past 2 to 3 years were also associated with negative impacts.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the importance of monitoring depressive symptoms and perceived progress in managing substance use among those in recovery from OUD, particularly during large-magnitude crises.
Factors Associated With Severe Bacterial Infections in People Who Inject Drugs: A Single-center Observational Study
Authors: Hrycko Alexander , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Ciervo Courtney , Linn-Walton Rebecca , Eckhardt Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Background
People who inject drugs are at increased risk for several bacterial infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis resulting in severe morbidity and high care costs. Limited data exist surrounding the injection drug use practices and behaviors that may increase the risk of these infections.

Methods
Individuals admitted to a single hospital in New York City with severe bacterial infection, between August 2020 and June 2021, were recruited to partake in an in-depth survey examining potential factors, both demographic and injection drug use behavioral, associated with severe bacterial infections.

Results
Thirty-four participants were recruited with injection drug use–associated severe bacterial infection. The mean age was 36.5 years; 21 (62%) were currently homeless, with 19 (56%) patients admitted for infective endocarditis. The mean length of hospital stay of all participants was 32.2 days; 94% received medication for opioid use disorder while admitted, whereas 35% left before treatment completion with a patient-directed discharge or elopement. Eight-two percent of participants were injected daily in the prior 30 days, with an average of 276 injections per participant. Fifty percent of participants reported requiring multiple sticks per injection event “always” or “very often,” with 94% reporting reuse of syringes in the prior month.

Conclusions
Severe bacterial infections in people who inject drugs resulted in prolonged and complex hospitalization that culminate in suboptimal outcomes despite aggressive measures to engage patients in medication for opioid use disorder. Numerous nonsterile injection drug use practices were identified, indicating a gap in current infection prevention harm reduction messaging.
Relationship Between Tinnitus and Hearing Outcomes Among US Military Personnel After Blast Injury
Authors: Myers Emily E. , Joseph Antony R. , Dougherty Amber L. , Clouser Mary C. , MacGregor Andrew J. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To examine the association between tinnitus and hearing outcomes among US military personnel after blast injury, including any hearing loss, low-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, early warning shift, and significant threshold shift.

Design:
In this retrospective study, the Blast-Related Auditory Injury Database was queried for male military service members who had audiometric data 2 years before and after blast injury between 2004 and 2012 with no history of hearing loss or tinnitus before injury (n = 1693). Tinnitus was defined by diagnostic codes in electronic health records. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between tinnitus and hearing outcomes, while adjusting for covariates.

Results:
Overall, 14.2% (n = 241) of the study sample was diagnosed with tinnitus within 2 years after blast injury. The proportions of all examined hearing outcomes were higher among service members with tinnitus than those without (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, service members with tinnitus had higher adjusted odds of any hearing loss (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–2.47), low-frequency hearing loss (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.80–4.26), high-frequency hearing loss (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.47–3.16), early warning shift (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.36–2.45), and significant threshold shift (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.60–2.89) compared with service members without tinnitus.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study demonstrate that tinnitus diagnosed within 2 years after blast injury is associated with the examined hearing outcomes in US military personnel. Service members with blast injury who subsequently experience tinnitus should receive routine audiometric hearing conservation testing and be carefully examined for poor hearing outcomes by an audiologist.
Insights into the pathogenic role of neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ma Shiliang , Jiang Wanlan , Zhang Xuan , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Although dysregulated adaptive immune response has been considered as the main culprit for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), emerging studies have indicated that innate immunity, functioning upstream of adaptive immunity, acts as an important trigger of autoimmune diseases and promotes SLE development. Here, we have reviewed the most recent findings to highlight the influence of neutrophils on SLE pathogenesis.

Recent findings
Neutrophils participate in SLE development mainly via promoting self-antigen exposure and autoantibody production, advocating the release of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediating systemic tissue injury. A recent study revealed that neutrophil ferroptosis exerts a strong pathogenic effect in SLE, and that dysregulated innate immunity is adequate to disrupt the homeostasis of immune tolerance.

Summary
Insights into the pathogenic role of neutrophils in SLE will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this disease and may propose novel clinical targets for accurate diagnosis and precision medicine.
Preoperative Association Between Quantitative Lumbar Muscle Parameters and Spinal Sagittal Alignment in Lumbar Fusion Patients
Authors: Moser Manuel , Okano Ichiro , Albertini Sanchez Leonardo , Salzmann Stephan N. , Carlson Brandon B. , Adl Amini Dominik , Oezel Lisa , Chiapparelli Erika , Tan Ek T. , Shue Jennifer , Sama Andrew A. , Cammisa Frank P. , Girardi Federico P. , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: October 2022

Study Design.
A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To assess the association between spinal muscle morphology and spinopelvic parameters in lumbar fusion patients, with a special emphasis on lumbar lordosis (LL).

Summary of Background Data.
Maintenance of sagittal alignment relies on muscle forces, but the basic association between spinal muscles and spinopelvic parameters is poorly understood.

Materials and Methods.
Patients operated between 2014 and 2017 who had both lumbar magnetic resonance imaging scan and standing whole-spine radiographs within six months before surgery were included. Muscle measurements were conducted on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at the superior endplate L3–L5 for the psoas and L3–S1 for combined multifidus and erector spinae (paraspinal) muscles. A pixel intensity threshold method was used to calculate the total cross-sectional area (TCSA) and the functional cross-sectional area (FCSA). Spinopelvic parameters were measured on lateral standing whole-spine radiographs and included LL, pelvic incidence (PI), PI-LL mismatch, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, thoracic kyphosis, and sagittal vertical axis. Analyses were stratified by biological sex. Multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI) were performed.

Results.
A total of 104 patients (62.5% female) were included in the analysis. The patient population was 90.4% White with a median age at surgery of 69 years and a median BMI of 27.8 kg/m2. All muscle measurements were significantly smaller in women. PI, pelvic tilt, and thoracic kyphosis were significantly greater in women. PI-LL mismatch was 6.1° (10.6°) in men and 10.2° (13.5°) in women (P=0.106), and sagittal vertical axis was 45.3 (40.8) mm in men and 35.7 (40.8) mm in women (P=0.251). After adjusting for age and BMI, paraspinal TCSA at L3–L5, and paraspinal FCSA at L4 showed significant positive associations with LL in women. In men, psoas TCSA at L5 and psoas FCSA at L5 showed significant negative associations with LL, but none of the paraspinal muscle measurements.

Conclusion.
Our findings indicate that psoas and lumbar spine extensor muscles interact differently on LL among men and women, creating a unique mechanical environment.

Level of Evidence.
Level 4.