bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature selection algorithms in generalized additive models under concurvity
Authors: Kovács László 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the properties of 10 different feature selection algorithms for generalized additive models (GAMs) are compared on one simulated and two real-world datasets under concurvity. Concurvity can be interpreted as a redundancy in the feature set of a GAM. Like multicollinearity in linear models, concurvity causes unstable parameter estimates in GAMs and makes the marginal effect of features harder interpret. Feature selection algorithms for GAMs can be separated into four clusters: stepwise, boosting, regularization and concurvity controlled methods. Our numerical results show that algorithms with no constraints on concurvity tend to select a large feature set, without significant improvements in predictive performance compared to a more parsimonious feature set. A large feature set is accompanied by harmful concurvity in the proposed models. To tackle the concurvity phenomenon, recent feature selection algorithms such as the mRMR and the HSIC-Lasso incorporated some constraints on concurvity in their objective function. However, these algorithms interpret concurvity as pairwise non-linear relationship between features, so they do not account for the case when a feature can be accurately estimated as a multivariate function of several other features. This is confirmed by our numerical results. Our own solution to the problem, a hybrid genetic–harmony search algorithm (HA) introduces constrains on multivariate concurvity directly. Due to this constraint, the HA proposes a small and not redundant feature set with predictive performance similar to that of models with far more features.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) decrease the expression of recombination-activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) in human B lymphoma Namalwa cells
Authors: Janssen Aafke W. F. , Louisse Jochem , Rijkers Deborah , Pinckaers Nicole E. T. , Hoekstra Sjoerdtje A. , Hoogenboom Ron L. A. P. , Peijnenburg Ad A. C. M. , Beekmann Karsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent and have been shown to induce a wide range of adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity. So far, little information is available about the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PFASs, including those related to their immunotoxicity. Reported immunotoxic effects of PFASs include decreased antibody responses in experimental animals and humans, indicating that PFASs may, among others, affect B cell function. In the present study, we first assessed the effects of PFOA on the transcriptome of the human Namalwa B cell line using RNA seq analysis. Gene expression changes, analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, pointed to various cellular processes affected by PFOA, including ‘B cell development’ and ‘Primary immunodeficiency signaling’. Interestingly, PFOA decreased the expression of RAG1 and RAG2, genes involved in immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V(D)J recombination. As a next step, time- and concentration-dependent changes in the expression of RAG1 and RAG2 upon exposure to PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS were studied through RT-qPCR analysis. Analysis with the concentration–response modeling software PROAST resulted in the following potency ranking: PFNA > PFOA > PFOS > PFHxS. Altogether, the present in vitro study provides insights into the effects of selected PFASs on B cells, identifying RAG1 and RAG2 expression as possible relevant targets that may play a role in the immunotoxicity of PFASs.
Rapid evaluation of ergosterol to detect yeast contamination in fruit juices
Authors: Vella Filomena Monica , Calandrelli Roberto , Del Barone Alessandra , Guida Marco , Laratta Bruna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFoods and beverages are nutrient-rich systems prone to a rapid development of microorganisms that hamper their long-period storage. Particularly, yeasts are strong fermenters of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables; hence, they are often accountable for their spoilage and production of off-flavor. This work provides a quick and easy tool to recognize and count the spoilage of juices with ergosterol as distinctive biomarker of molds and yeasts. Melon juice was reconstituted at natural physical–chemical parameters according to legislation, andSaccharomyces cerevisiaewas selected as yeast to contaminate the juice. Chemical and enzyme tests were performed on the fresh juice to ensure its authentic properties. Ergosterol was then evaluated using a spectrophotometric method that was proven against the official plate count test. The study showed linear and consistent results and, therefore, the ergosterol molecule may be indicated for testing molds and yeasts in contaminated beverages, replacing the common and time-consuming analysis.
Accuracy of automated intracerebral hemorrhage volume measurement on non-contrast computed tomography: a Swedish Stroke Register cohort study
Authors: Hillal Amir , Sultani Gabriella , Ramgren Birgitta , Norrving Bo , Wassélius Johan , Ullberg Teresa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hematoma volume is the strongest predictor of patient outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to validate novel fully automated software for quantification of ICH volume on non-contrast computed tomography (CT).

Methods
The population was defined from the Swedish Stroke Register (RS) and included all patients with an ICH diagnosis during 2016–2019 in Region Skåne. Hemorrhage volume on their initial head CT was measured using ABC/2 and manual segmentation (Sectra IDS7 volume measurement tool) and the automated volume quantification tool (qER–NCCT) by Qure.ai. The first 500 were examined by two independent readers.

Results
A total of 1649 ICH patients were included. The qER–NCCT had 97% sensitivity in identifying ICH. In total, there was excellent agreement between volumetric measurements of ICH volumes by qER–NCCT and manual segmentation by interclass correlation (ICC = 0.96), and good agreement (ICC = 0.86) between qER–NCCT and ABC/2 method. The qER–NCCT showed volume underestimation, mainly in large (> 30 ml) heterogenous hemorrhages. Interrater agreement by (ICC) was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00) for manual segmentation.

Conclusion
Our study showed excellent agreement in volume quantification between the fully automated software qER–NCCT and manual segmentation of ICH on NCCT. The qER–NCCT would be an important additive tool by aiding in early diagnostics and prognostication for patients with ICH and in provide volumetry on a population-wide level. Further refinement of the software should address the underestimation of ICH volume seen in a portion of large, heterogenous, irregularly shaped ICHs.
Low Cost Gastroschisis Silo for Sub‐Saharan Africa: Testing in a Porcine Model
Authors: Leraas Harold J. , Biswas Arushi , Eze Anthony , Zadey Siddesh , Wilson Patrick , Theriot Barbara S. , Surana Neeraj K. , Ssekitoleko Robert , Mugaga Julius , Salzman Caroline , Hall Allison , Wesonga Anne , Saterbak Ann , Fitzgerald Tamara N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastroschisis mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) remains high at 59–100%. Silo inaccessibility contributes to this disparity. Standard of care (SOC) silos cost $240, while median monthly incomes in SSA are < $200. Our multidisciplinary American and Ugandan team designed and bench‐tested a low‐cost (LC) silo that costs < $2 and is constructed from locally available materials. Here we describe in vivo LC silo testing.MethodsA piglet gastroschisis model was achieved by eviscerating intestines through a midline incision. Eight piglets were randomized to LC or SOC silos. Bowel was placed into the LC or SOC silo, maintained for 1‐h, and reduced. Procedure times for placement, intestinal reduction, and silo removal were recorded. Tissue injury of the abdominal wall and intestine was assessed. Bacterial and fungal growth on silos was also compared.ResultsThere were no gross injuries to abdominal wall or intestine in either group or difference in minor bleeding. Times for silo application, bowel reduction, and silo removal between groups were not statistically or clinically different, indicating similar ease of use. Microbiologic analysis revealed growth on all samples, but density was below the standard peritoneal inoculum of 105 CFU/g for both silos. There was no significant difference in bacterial or fungal growth between LC and SOC silos.ConclusionLC silos designed for manufacturing and clinical use in SSA demonstrated similar ease of use, absence of tissue injury, and acceptable microbiology profile, similar to SOC silos. The findings will allow our team to proceed with a pilot study in Uganda.
Feasibility of electronic patient-reported outcome monitoring and self-management program in aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria—a pilot study (ePRO-AA-PNH)
Authors: Bänziger Silas , Weisshaar Kimmo , Arokoski Reetta , Gerull Sabine , Halter Jörg , Rovó Alicia , Bargetzi Mario , Goede Jeroen S. , Senft Yuliya , Valenta Sabine , Passweg Jakob R. , Drexler Beatrice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) are increasingly recognized in health care, as they have been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes in cancer, but have been less studied in rare hematological diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of an ePRO system specifically customized for aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

Methods
After performing a user-centered design evaluation an ePRO system for AA and PNH patients could be customized and the application was tested by patients and their medical teams for 6 months. Symptom-reporting triggered self-management advice for patients and prompts them to contact clinicians in case of severe symptoms, while the medical team received alerts of severe symptoms for patient care.

Results
All nine included patients showed a high adherence rate to the weekly symptom-reporting (72%) and reported high satisfaction. The system was rated high for usage, comprehensibility, and integration into daily life. Most patients (78%) would continue and all would recommend the application to other AA/PNH patients. Technical performance was rarely a barrier and healthcare providers saw ePRO-AA-PNH as a useful supplement, but the lacking integration into the hospital information system was identified as a major barrier to usage.

Conclusion
An ePRO system customized for AA and PNH was feasible in terms of adherence, satisfaction, and performance, showing a high potential for these rare conditions in terms of data collection and patient guidance. However, the integration into clinical workflows is crucial for further routine use.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04128943.
Der Megatechnische Pharao
Authors: Portmann Edy 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn seiner Common-Sense Kolumne integriert der Informatiker Edy Portmann, ganz im Sinne der „School of Life“ (einem artistischen Kollektiv von Psychologen, Philosophen und Schriftstellern), westliche und asiatische Paradigmen. Er kommt zum Schluss, dass eine Priese „Wabi-Sabi“ unsere Herausforderungen mit heutigen „Megamaschinen“ (Jochen Kirchhoff) leichter angehen liessen.
Underestimating isolated bilateral hygroma as non-accidental head injury with dramatic consequences: a case presentation
Authors: Cohrs Gesa , Winter Sibylle Maria , Siska Wiebke , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
Abusive head injury (AHI) in infancy is associated with significantly worse outcomes compared to accidental traumatic brain injury. The decision-making of the diagnosis of AHI is challenging especially if the clinical signs are not presenting as a multifactorial pattern.

Method
We present a case of isolated bilateral hygroma in which this differential diagnosis of AHI was evaluated but primarily not seen as such leading subsequently to extensive secondary AHI with fatal brain injury.

Results
The case of an 8-week-old infant with apparently isolated bilateral hygroma without any external signs of abuse and no retinal hemorrhages was interpreted in causative correlation to the perinatal complex course of delivery. At a second readmission of the case, severe brain injury with bilateral cortical hypoxia, subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhages, and skull and extremity fractures led to severe disability of the affected infant.

Conclusion
Any early suspicion of AHI with at least one factor possibly being associated with abusive trauma should be discussed in multidisciplinary team conferences to find the best strategy to protect the child. Beside clinical factors, social factors within the family household may additionally be evaluated to determine stress-related risk for traumatic child abuse. In general, prevention programs will be essential in future perspective.
Evaluation and projections of the East Asian summer monsoon in a perturbed parameter ensemble
Authors: Rostron John W. , Sexton David M. H. , Furtado Kalli , Carvalho Maria João , Milton Sean F. , Rodríguez José M. , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is a dominant driver of East Asian climate, with variations in its strength potentially impacting the livelihoods of millions of people. Understanding, predicting, and assessing uncertainties in these variations are therefore important area of research. Here, we present a study of the projected twenty-first century changes in the EASM using a ‘perturbed parameter ensemble’ (PPE) of HadGEM3-GC3.05 coupled climate models, which samples uncertainties arising from differences in model parameter values. We show that the performance of PPE members for leading order EASM metrics is comparable to CMIP5 and CMIP6 models in many respects. But the PPE also exposes model biases which exist for almost all parameter combinations. These ‘structural’ biases are found mainly to affect metrics for the low-level circulation. We also show that future changes in regional circulation and precipitation are projected consistently across the PPE members. A more detailed moisture budget analysis of the precipitation changes in a region covering the Yangtze River valley shows that the spread of these changes is mainly due to spread in dynamic responses. We also perform parameter sensitivity analyses and find that a parameter controlling the amplitude of deep-level entrainment is the main driver of spread in the PPE’s representation of the EASM circulation. Finally, we discuss how the information provided by the PPE may be used in practice, considering the plausibility of the models, and giving examples of ways to sub-select ensemble members to capture the diversity in the moisture budget changes.
Desmin intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination stabilize growing microtubules in the cardiomyocyte
Authors: Salomon Alexander K. , Phyo Sai Aung , Okami Naima , Heffler Julie , Robison Patrick , Bogush Alexey I. , Prosser Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn heart failure, an increased abundance of post-translationally detyrosinated microtubules stiffens the cardiomyocyte and impedes its contractile function. Detyrosination promotes interactions between microtubules, desmin intermediate filaments, and the sarcomere to increase cytoskeletal stiffness, yet the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We hypothesized that detyrosination may regulate the growth and shrinkage of dynamic microtubules to facilitate interactions with desmin and the sarcomere. Through a combination of biochemical assays and direct observation of growing microtubule plus-ends in adult cardiomyocytes, we find that desmin is required to stabilize growing microtubules at the level of the sarcomere Z-disk, where desmin also rescues shrinking microtubules from continued depolymerization. Further, reducing detyrosination (i.e. tyrosination) below basal levels promotes frequent depolymerization and less efficient growth of microtubules. This is concomitant with tyrosination promoting the interaction of microtubules with the depolymerizing protein complex of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) and CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 (CLIP1/CLIP170). The dynamic growth and shrinkage of tyrosinated microtubules reduce their opportunity for stabilizing interactions at the Z-disk region, coincident with tyrosination globally reducing microtubule stability. These data provide a model for how intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination establish long-lived and physically reinforced microtubules that stiffen the cardiomyocyte and inform both the mechanism of action and therapeutic index for strategies aimed at restoring tyrosination for the treatment of cardiac disease.
Two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection in cemented total hip arthroplasty: an increased risk for failure?
Authors: Hipfl Christian , Leopold Vincent , Becker Luis , Pumberger Matthias , Perka Carsten , Hardt Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of the prior fixation mode on the treatment outcome of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip is unclear. Removal of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) is particularly challenging and residual cement might be associated with reinfection. This study seeks to compare the results of two-stage revision for PJI in cemented and cementless THA.

Methods
We reviewed 143 consecutive patients undergoing two-stage revision THA for PJI between 2013 and 2018. Thirty-six patients with a fully cemented (n = 6), hybrid femur (n = 26) or hybrid acetabulum (n = 4) THA (cemented group) were matched 1:2 with a cohort of 72 patients who underwent removal of a cementless THA (cementless group). Groups were matched by sex, age, number of prior surgeries and history of infection treatment. Outcomes included microbiological results, interim re-debridement, reinfection, all-cause revision, and modified Harris hip scores (mHHS). Minimum follow-up was 2 years.

Results
Compared with PJI in cementless THA, patients undergoing removal of cemented THA had increasingly severe femoral bone loss (p = 0.004). Patients in the cemented group had an increased risk for positive cultures during second-stage reimplantation (22% compared to 8%, p = 0.043), higher rates of reinfection (22% compared to 7%, p = 0.021) and all-cause revision (31% compared to 14%, p = 0.039) compared to patients undergoing two-stage revision of cementless THA. Periprosthetic femoral fractures were more frequent in the group of patients with prior cementation (p = .004). Mean mHHS had been 37.5 in the cemented group and 39.1 in the cementless group, and these scores improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
This study shows that chronic infection in cemented THA might be associated with increased bone loss, higher rates of reinfection and all-cause revision following two-stage revision. This should be useful to clinicians counselling patients with hip PJI and can guide treatment and estimated outcomes.
Association of preoperative conization with recurrences after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for FIGO 2018 stage IB1 cervical cancer
Authors: Ding Yan , Zhang Xuyin , Qiu Junjun , Li Chunbo , Hua Keqin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate association of preoperative conization with recurrences after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for FIGO 2018 stage IB1 cervical cancer.

Methods
This is a retrospective single-center study. Patients who underwent LRH for cervical cancer with squamous, adenosquamous and adenocarcinoma subtype from January 2014 to December 2018 were reviewed. All patients were restaged according to the 2018 FIGO staging system. Those who were in FIGO 2018 stage IB1 met the inclusion criteria. General characteristics and oncologic outcomes including recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed.

Results
A total of 1273 patients were included in the analysis. 616 (48.4%) patients underwent preoperative biopsy, and 657 (51.6%) patients underwent conization. Residual disease was observed in 822 (64.6%) patients. During a median follow-up of 50.30 months, 30 (2.4%) patients experienced recurrence. The univariate analysis showed that patients who had larger tumor diameter, the presence of residual tumor at final pathology, and underwent adjuvant treatment had a significant higher risk of recurrence (P < 0.01). Conversely, patients who underwent conization were significantly less likely to experience recurrence (P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factor associated with an increased risk of recurrence was resident macroscopic tumor (HR: 38.4, 95% CI 4.20–351.64, P = 0.001). On the contrary, preoperative conization was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrence (HR: 0.26; 95% CI 0.10–0.63, P = 0.003). The Kaplan–Meier curves showed patients who underwent conization had improved survival over those who underwent biopsy (5 year RFS: 98.6 vs 95.1%, P = 0.001). The 5 year RFS of patients with residual tumor was significantly different (R0: 99.2%, R1: 97.4%, R2: 93.6%, P < 0.001), especially the patients with residual macroscopic tumor after conization (R0: 99.5%, R1: 99.0%, R2:92.4%, P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Preoperative conization and the absence of residual tumor at the time of surgery might play a protective role in patients with FIGO 2018 IB1 cervical cancer following LRH, which support the theory of the influence of intraoperative tumor spread during radical hysterectomy. Further prospective evidence is needed.
Muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM): implications for clinical management and treatment strategies
Authors: Fionda Laura , Lauletta Antonio , Leonardi Luca , Perez Jorge Alonso , Morino Stefania , Merlonghi Gioia , Alfieri Girolamo , Costanzo Rocco , Tufano Laura , Vanoli Fiammetta , Rossini Elena , Vigo Eduard Gallardo , Tartaglione Tommaso , Salvetti Marco , Antonini Giovanni , Diaz-Manera Jordi , Garibaldi Matteo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is the most severe idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and early aggressive poly-immunotherapy is often required to reduce long-term disability. The aim of this study is to investigate muscle MRI in IMNM as outcome measure for disease activity, severity, progression, response to treatment, and to better characterize the pattern of muscle involvement.

Methods
This is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study including 22 IMNM patients, divided into three groups based on timing of first MRI and if performed before or under treatment. T1 score and percentage of STIR positive muscles (STIR%) were considered and analyzed also in relation to demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Results
STIR% was higher in untreated patients and in those who performed MRI earlier (p = 0.001). Pelvic girdle and thighs were in general more affected than legs. T1 score was higher in patients with MRI performed later in disease course (p = 0.004) with a prevalent involvement of the lumbar paraspinal muscles, gluteus medius and minimus, adductor magnus and hamstrings. 22% of STIR positive muscles showed fat replacement progression at second MRI. Higher STIR% at baseline correlated with higher risk of fat replacement at follow-up (p = 0.003); higher T1 score correlated with clinical disability at follow-up, with late treatment start and delayed treatment with IVIG (p = 0.03).

Interpretation
Muscle MRI is a sensitive biomarker for monitoring disease activity and therapy response, especially when performed early in disease course and before treatment start, and could represent a supportive outcome measure and early prognostic index in IMNM.