bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and anti‐adherence characterization of pure titanium fabricated by casting, milling, and selective laser melting
Authors: Wang Yu , Guo Yanyang , Jin Yabing , Wang Yijin , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMilling and selective laser melting (SLM) technology have become new options for removable partial denture (RPD) processing. However, whether milling and SLM technology has an impact on the properties of RPD remains unclear, which is also the aim of our study. To investigate the effects of milling and SLM technology on pure titanium, mechanical property, corrosion resistance, and anti‐adherence of specimens were evaluated, and specimens processed by lost‐wax casting were used as control. Compared with casting and milling groups, the SLM group showed enhanced Vickers hardness (402.1 ± 13.0 HV), tensile stress (694.4 ± 4.5 MPa), and larger electrochemical capacitance arc radius compared with casting and milling groups. A series of adhesion‐related genes (Als1, Als3, and HWP1) of Candida albicans cultured on SLM specimens were upregulated for more than two times that of casting and milling groups. However, images from scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy exhibited similar biofilm morphology and biomass of C. albicans on a titanium disk processed by casting, milling, and SLM. Dwindled water contact angle (64.7 ± 0.6°) and higher TiO2 constituents (40.82%) in the SLM group might lead to the incompatibility of genetic expression and biofilm generation. Our findings indicated that SLM is an ideal process to produce titanium dentures, providing a reference on the selection of processing technology for dentists.
Effect of high fat diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chlorpyrifos following acute exposure in male C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Kondakala Sandeep , Ross Matthew K. , Chambers Janice E. , Howell George E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPS) is one of the most widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticides. The acute neurotoxicity of OPs results from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, some OPs also inhibit noncholinergic targets including monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and carboxylesterase (CES). Data have shown that highly lipophilic OPs, including CPS, have a persistent toxic effect in obese patients. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity on the disposition of CPS and its detoxified metabolite 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP) following acute exposure as well as effects on cholinergic and noncholinergic CPS targets. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet (STD) or HFD for 4 weeks, then treated with vehicle or CPS (25 mg/kg) via oral gavage and euthanized postdosing at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h. Following exposure, CPS levels in adipose tissue of HFD fed animals were increased to a greater extent than in STD fed animals, whereas overall hepatic TCP levels were decreased in HFD fed animals. Red blood cell (RBC) AChE and plasma cholinesterase activities were inhibited regardless of diet intake, but inhibition of RBC AChE activity was significantly lower after 3 h in HFD animals. Hepatic CES and FAAH activities were also significantly decreased following CPS exposure regardless of diet. In conclusion, increased time‐integrated CPS levels in adipose tissue indicate CPS may possibly form a depot there and may be retained longer in obese animals than in normal animals.
Age structure and growth pattern of a high‐altitude lizard population based on age determination by skeletochronology
Authors: Ma Ming , Luo Shuang , Tang Xiaolong , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAge determination provides crucial data regarding the life history of a species. Skeletochronology is considered to be a reliable method for age determination but is seldom applied to the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) as it requires careful bone histological analysis to determine the formation of the lines of arrested growth (LAGs). We analyzed LAGs in different bones of Phrynocephalus vlangalii, a small, high‐altitude lizard, and demonstrated that the phalanges are the best materials for skeletochronology in this species. We also found that the proximal half of the phalangeal diaphysis exhibits the most complete LAGs because of the unidirectional longitudinal growth of the phalange. Histologically, as the embryo bone that developed during the embryonic period was preserved even in very old individuals, no LAGs were eroded by endosteal resorption in the phalanges. The maximum age was 4 years for males and 5 years for females. It was determined that the age at maturity was 3 years for males and 2 or 3 years for females. On the basis of age determination, the age structures of both sexes were compared, and age‐specific growth differences between the sexes were also analyzed. No differences in the snout–vent length were observed between sexes in any age group. However, the tail length of males aged 3 and above was significantly longer than that of females. Thus, the use of phalanges in the age determination of P. vlangalii is effective and can be widely applied to the ecological studies of this species as well as other small lizards.
Noninvasive Quantification of Cerebral Blood Flow Using Hybrid PET/MR Imaging to Extract the [15O]H2O Image‐Derived Input Function Free of Partial Volume Errors
Authors: Narciso Lucas , Ssali Tracy , Liu Linshan , Jesso Sarah , Hicks Justin W. , Anazodo Udunna , Finger Elizabeth , St Lawrence Keith 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundQuantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with [15O]H2O‐positron emission tomography (PET) requires arterial sampling to measure the input function. This invasive procedure can be avoided by extracting an image‐derived input function (IDIF); however, IDIFs are sensitive to partial volume errors due to the limited spatial resolution of PET.PurposeTo present an alternative hybrid PET/MR imaging of CBF (PMRFlowIDIF) that uses phase‐contrast (PC) MRI measurements of whole‐brain (WB) CBF to calibrate an IDIF extracted from a WB [15O]H2O time‐activity curve.Study TypeTechnical development and validation.Animal ModelTwelve juvenile Duroc pigs (83% female).PopulationThirteen healthy individuals (38% female).Field Strength/Sequences3 T; gradient‐echo PC‐MRI.AssessmentPMRFlowIDIF was validated against PET‐only in a porcine model that included arterial sampling. CBF maps were generated by applying PMRFlowIDIF and two previous PMRFlow methods (PC‐PET and double integration method [DIM]) to [15O]H2O‐PET data acquired from healthy individuals.Statistical TestsPMRFlow and PET CBF measurements were compared with regression and correlation analyses. Paired t‐tests were performed to evaluate differences. Potential biases were assessed using one‐sample t‐tests. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Statistical significance: = 0.05.ResultsIn the animal study, strong agreement was observed between PMRFlowIDIF (average voxel‐wise CBF, 58.0 ± 16.9 mL/100 g/min) and PET (63.0 ± 18.9 mL/100 g/min). In the human study, PMRFlowDIM (y = 1.11x − 5.16, R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01) and PMRFlowPC−PET (y = 0.87x + 3.82, R2 = 0.97 ± 0.02) performed similarly to PMRFlowIDIF, and CBF was within the expected range (eg, 49.7 ± 7.2 mL/100 g/min for gray matter).Data ConclusionAccuracy of PMRFlowIDIF was confirmed in the animal study with the primary source of error attributed to differences in WB CBF measured by PC MRI and PET. In the human study, differences in CBF from PMRFlowIDIF, PMRFlowDIM, and PMRFlowPC−PET were due to the latter two not accounting for blood‐borne activity.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
National experience with living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Silverstein Jordyn , Yao Francis Y. , Grab Joshua D. , Braun Hillary J. , Roberts John , Dodge Jennifer L. , Mehta Neil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an attractive option to decrease waitlist dropout, particularly for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who face lengthening waiting times. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) national database, trends in LDLT utilization for patients with HCC were evaluated, and post‐LT outcomes for LDLT versus deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) were compared. From 1998 to 2018, LT was performed in 20,161 patients with HCC including 726 (3.6%) who received LDLT. The highest LDLT utilization was prior to the 2002 HCC Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception policy (17.5%) and dropped thereafter (3.1%) with a slight increase following the 6‐month wait policy in 2015 (3.8%). LDLT was more common in patients from long‐wait UNOS regions with blood type O, in those with larger total tumor diameter (2.3 vs. 2.1 cm, p = 0.02), and higher alpha‐fetoprotein at LT (11.5 vs. 9.0 ng/ml, p = 0.04). The 5‐year post‐LT survival (LDLT 77% vs. DDLT 75%), graft survival (72% vs. 72%), and HCC recurrence (11% vs. 13%) were similar between groups (all p > 0.20). In conclusion, LDLT utilization for HCC has remained low since 2002 with only a slight increase after the 6‐month wait policy introduction in 2015. Given the excellent post‐LT survival, LDLT appears to be an underutilized but valuable option for patients with HCC, especially those at high risk for waitlist dropout.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI parametric mapping using high spatiotemporal resolution Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI and iterative joint estimation of the arterial input function and pharmacokinetic parameters
Authors: Mazaheri Yousef , Kim Nathanael , Lakhman Yulia , Jafari Ramin , Vargas Alberto , Otazo Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work is to develop a data‐driven quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI technique using Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (GRASP) MRI with high spatial resolution and high flexible temporal resolution and pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis with an arterial input function (AIF) estimated directly from the data obtained from each patient. DCE‐MRI was performed on 13 patients with gynecological malignancy using a 3‐T MRI scanner with a single continuous golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars acquisition and image reconstruction with two temporal resolutions, by exploiting a unique feature in GRASP that reconstructs acquired data with user‐defined temporal resolution. Joint estimation of the AIF (both AIF shape and delay) and PK parameters was performed with an iterative algorithm that alternates between AIF and PK estimation. Computer simulations were performed to determine the accuracy (expressed as percentage error [PE]) and precision of the estimated parameters. PK parameters (volume transfer constant [Ktrans], fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space [ve], and blood plasma volume fraction [vp]) and normalized root‐mean‐square error [nRMSE] (%) of the fitting errors for the tumor contrast kinetic data were measured both with population‐averaged and data‐driven AIFs. On patient data, the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed to compare nRMSE. Simulations demonstrated that GRASP image reconstruction with a temporal resolution of 1 s/frame for AIF estimation and 5 s/frame for PK analysis resulted in an absolute PE of less than 5% in the estimation of Ktrans and ve, and less than 11% in the estimation of vp. The nRMSE (mean ± SD) for the dual temporal resolution image reconstruction and data‐driven AIF was 0.16 ± 0.04 compared with 0.27 ± 0.10 (p < 0.001) with 1 s/frame using population‐averaged AIF, and 0.23 ± 0.07 with 5 s/frame using population‐averaged AIF (p < 0.001). We conclude that DCE‐MRI data acquired and reconstructed with the GRASP technique at dual temporal resolution can successfully be applied to jointly estimate the AIF and PK parameters from a single acquisition resulting in data‐driven AIFs and voxelwise PK parametric maps.
Cost‐effective and accurate flow statistics collection in OpenFlow‐based SDN
Authors: Yan Binghao , Liu Qinrang , Shen Jianliang , Liang Dong , Liu Xingyu 
Published: February 2022

SummaryNetwork resource scheduling and optimization require the acquisition of status information as a basis. High‐cost solutions lead to more resource consumption but only bring negligible benefits. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel statistics collection method adapted to OpenFlow‐based SDN, which can reduce the measurement cost while ensuring the statistical accuracy. First, based on the complex network theory, we propose multi‐path weighted closeness centrality (MWCC) to perform importance ranking on network switching nodes, which helps us select top‐k key nodes for statistical collection to reduce the overhead. Second, we propose an adaptive flow rule timeout mechanism AFRT. AFRT continuously optimizes the rule timeout values based on statistical results, further balancing flow table overhead and statistical accuracy. A series of simulation results on real network topologies verify the superiority of the proposed method in terms of communication cost, statistical accuracy, and time consumption, compared with the existing representative methods.
Safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in patients with psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease—Results of a multicenter open trial
Authors: Kashihara Kenichi , Maeda Tetsuya , Yoshida Kazuto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of aripiprazole on psychosis and motor function in Japanese Parkinson's disease patients.MethodsPatients with Parkinson's disease and hallucinations and/or delusions were enrolled. They were administered aripiprazole 3 mg/day, with dosage increased or reduced as needed. Patients were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression‐Severity (CGI‐S) scale, and Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement scale for psychiatric response; Hoehn & Yahr staging and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III for motor response; Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) for cognitive response; and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale for daily activities of patients, before and at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after initiation of open‐label aripiprazole administration. This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Center (registration number: UMIN000007711).ResultsNine of the 24 enrolled patients discontinued the study. Among them, eight patients discontinued the trial on account of their worsening parkinsonian symptoms. There were no differences in age, disease duration, disease severity, and MMSE and FAB scores at baseline between patients who continued and discontinued the study. However, in patients who continued aripiprazole administration at 3 mg/day or less significantly improved BPRS, CGI‐S scale, and UPDRS parts I and III scores.ConclusionSignificant improvements in hallucinations and delusions can be expected, although aripiprazole may aggravate parkinsonism in Parkinson's disease patients. Low‐dose use of aripiprazole may be useful for managing Parkinson's disease patients with psychosis, but only with close observation of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Mixed‐matrix gas separation membranes for sustainable future: A mini review
Authors: Chakrabarty Tina , Giri Arnab Kanti , Sarkar Supriya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs), merging the advantages of polymers and inorganic fillers, has become a preferable choice as future gas separation membrane. Owing to hierarchical structures, MMMs are suitable for high‐performance gas separation capability. Research on extended porous organic/inorganic materials also known as fillers of intrinsic nanopores (FINS) such as porous organic frameworks (POFs), Zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic cages (POCs) and analogous metal–organic polyhedral (MOPs) have bloomed over the last two decades. MOFs and POFs have been proposed as good adsorbent and promising filler components for industrial gas separations, due to their prominent porosity and structural flexibility and also for MMMs with good performance in terms of permeance and selectivity. They are compatible for providing additional molecular transport channels as well as having good size‐sieving property. This review briefly outlines the innovative trends in MMMs, highlighted with different porous fillers as well as suitable polymers followed by their synthesis and their suitable application in gas separations. Finally, a state of art and challenges in the direction of actual application of MMMs in different industries are outlined in terms of inter relation and regarding the future direction and potential growth opportunities of MMMs an elaborate discussion is provided.
Influence of trends on subseasonal temperature prediction skill
Authors: Wulff C. Ole , Vitart Frédéric , Domeisen Daniela I. V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) predictions have a wide range of applications. Improving forecasts on this time‐scale has therefore become a major effort. To evaluate their performance, these forecasts are routinely compared to a reference that forecasts the climatological distribution at any given time. This distribution is commonly assumed to be stationary over the verification period on time‐scales longer than the seasonal cycle. However, there are prominent deviations from this assumption, especially considering trends associated with climate change. By employing synthetic forecast‐verification pairs, we show that estimates of the probabilistic skill of both continuous and categorical forecasts increase as a function of the variance explained by the trend over the verification period, even when there are errors in the trends simulated by the forecasts. We also show this skill enhancement due to the trend in the ECMWF extended‐range ensemble prediction system. We demonstrate that the effects on the skill in an operational forecast setting are currently strongest in the Tropics. Our results show that care needs to be taken when evaluating forecasts that are subject to non‐stationarity on time‐scales much longer than the forecast verification window. This is especially important for determining the skill of categorical forecasts, where assumptions on the stationarity of the climatology enter both in the reference forecast and in the determination of the category thresholds. The results presented in this study are not exclusive to the S2S time‐scale but have wider implications for forecast verification on seasonal to decadal time‐scales, where the existence of trends can further impact forecast skill.
CDX2 downregulation in mouse mural trophectoderm during peri‐implantation is heteronomous, dependent on the YAP‐TEAD pathway and controlled by estrogen‐induced factors
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Okura Keitaro , Nagakura Seina , Ogawa Hidehiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the transition of CDX2 expression patterns in mouse trophectoderm (TE) and its regulatory mechanisms during implantation.MethodsMouse E3.5–4.5 blastocysts were used to immunostain CDX2, YAP, TEAD4, and ESRRB. Endogenous estrogen signaling was perturbed by administrating estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 or ovariectomy followed by administration of progesterone and β‐estradiol to elucidate the relationship between the transition of CDX2 expression patterns and ovarian estrogen‐dependent change in the uterine environment.ResultsCDX2 expression was gradually downregulated in the mural TE from E4.0 in vivo, whereas CDX2 downregulation was not observed in blastocysts cultured in KSOM. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation in KSOM induced CDX2 downregulation independently of blastocyst attachment to dishes. CDX2 downregulation in the mural TE was repressed by administration of ICI 182,780 or by ovariectomy, and administration of β‐estradiol into ovariectomized mice retriggered CDX2 downregulation. Furthermore, Cdx2 expression in the mural TE might be controlled by the YAP‐TEAD pathway.ConclusionsCDX2 downregulation was induced heteronomously in the mural TE from E4.0 by uterus‐derived factors, the secretion of which was stimulated by ovarian estrogen.
Engineering Steam Induced Surface Oxygen Vacancy onto Ni–Fe Bimetallic Nanocomposite for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: He Qiang , Zhang Yanxing , Li Haijing , Yang Yang , Chen Shuai , Yan Wenjun , Dong Juncai , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Fan Xiujun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurface oxygen vacancies (Vo) regulation is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) performance by lowering the activation energy barrier of CO2; however, the lack of precise control over the local atomic structures severely hinders the large‐scale application of Vo‐activated electrocatalyst for CO2RR. Herein, an efficient strategy to facilitate CO2 activation is developed by introducing Vo into transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) with a steam‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method. With the steam process, abundant surface Vo are introduced into the assembled Ni–Fe bimetallic NPs composite (H‐NiFe/NG), which adjust surface Ni/Fe atoms to low‐valent coordinatively unsaturated Ni (+1)/Fe (+2) sites, serving as electron‐rich centers to adsorb and activate inert CO2 molecules. The as‐prepared H‐NiFe/NG composite exhibits excellent catalytic performance with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 94% at −0.80 V (vs RHE) for CO production with remarkable stability. The density function theory calculations corroborate that the Ni atoms around surface Vo significantly lower the energy barrier for COOH* intermediate formation, which gives a low overpotential for reducing CO2 to CO, exhibiting superior CO2RR performance. This general synthetic strategy provides a new insight to introduce surface Vo on transition metal for efficient CO2 reduction.
Loss aversion in asymmetric anti‐coordination games
Authors: Wen Yuanji , Masschelein Stijn , Ratan Anmol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies theoretically and experimentally how the possibility of a negative payoff to one player in 2‐by‐2 hawk‐dove games affects the strategic behavior of both players. Exposing column players to a possibility of negative payoff allows us to examine if row players can anticipate the column players' loss aversion. A level‐k model with loss averse agents predicts treatment effects across two versions of hawk‐dove games with and without losses. Our data support a direct effect of loss aversion and fail to support the anticipation of loss aversion. Specifically, the column players in the treatment group are more likely to play Dove when they face losses; while, only few untreated participants acting as row players seem to anticipate such increased propensity of choosing Dove by their opponents. Further, a time effect is documented and found to be explained by increases in participants' depths of strategic reasoning over time.
Awareness and Appreciation of Linguistic Diversity
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Radhouane Myriam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn his book Anthropologie structurale [Structural anthropology], Claude Lévi-Strauss (1958) considered that language represented both the perfect cultural component but also that of the intermediary through which all forms of social life establish, transform and perpetuate themselves. In this chapter, we will attempt to synthesize the role that linguistic diversity can play in intercultural approaches in education.