bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory suppression and increased neuromodulation during actions disrupt memory encoding of unpredictable self‐initiated stimuli
Authors: Paraskevoudi Nadia , SanMiguel Iria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractActions modulate sensory processing by attenuating responses to self‐ compared to externally generated inputs, which is traditionally attributed to stimulus‐specific motor predictions. Yet, suppression has been also found for stimuli merely coinciding with actions, pointing to unspecific processes that may be driven by neuromodulatory systems. Meanwhile, the differential processing for self‐generated stimuli raises the possibility of producing effects also on memory for these stimuli; however, evidence remains mixed as to the direction of the effects. Here, we assessed the effects of actions on sensory processing and memory encoding of concomitant, but unpredictable sounds, using a combination of self‐generation and memory recognition task concurrently with EEG and pupil recordings. At encoding, subjects performed button presses that half of the time generated a sound (motor‐auditory; MA) and listened to passively presented sounds (auditory‐only; A). At retrieval, two sounds were presented and participants had to respond which one was present before. We measured memory bias and memory performance by having sequences where either both or only one of the test sounds were presented at encoding, respectively. Results showed worse memory performance – but no differences in memory bias –, attenuated responses, and larger pupil diameter for MA compared to A sounds. Critically, the larger the sensory attenuation and pupil diameter, the worse the memory performance for MA sounds. Nevertheless, sensory attenuation did not correlate with pupil dilation. Collectively, our findings suggest that sensory attenuation and neuromodulatory processes coexist during actions, and both relate to disrupted memory for concurrent, albeit unpredictable sounds.
Reasons for Rule Consequentialists
Authors: Woodard Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores what a Rule Consequentialist of Brad Hooker's sort can and should say about normative reasons for action. I claim that they can provide a theory of reasons, but that doing so requires distinguishing different roles of rules in the ideal code. Some rules in the ideal code specify reasons, while others perform different functions. The paper also discusses a choice that Rule Consequentialists face about how exactly to specify reasons. It ends by comparing the theory of reasons offered by Rule Consequentialism with the theory offered by Act Consequentialism, noting that Rule Consequentialism seems better able to explain moral constraints.
Bayesian adaptive clinical trial designs for respiratory medicine
Authors: Ryan Elizabeth G. , Couturier Dominique‐Laurent , Heritier Stephane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of Bayesian adaptive designs for clinical trials has increased in recent years, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Bayesian adaptive designs offer a flexible and efficient framework for conducting clinical trials and may provide results that are more useful and natural to interpret for clinicians, compared to traditional approaches. In this review, we provide an introduction to Bayesian adaptive designs and discuss its use in recent clinical trials conducted in respiratory medicine. We illustrate this approach by constructing a Bayesian adaptive design for a multi‐arm trial that compares two non‐invasive ventilation treatments to standard oxygen therapy for patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. We highlight the benefits and some of the challenges involved in designing and implementing Bayesian adaptive trials.
Reversal of collateral ventilation using endoscopic polymer foam in COPD patients undergoing endoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves: A controlled parallel group trial
Authors: Ing Alvin J. , Jayapadman Anand , Kim Woo‐Veen , Ly Chelsea , Ho‐Shon Kevin , Lilburn Paul , Carew Alan , Ng Benjamin J. H. , Saghaie Tajalli , Williamson Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe have previously described reversal of collateral ventilation (CV) in a severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient with endoscopic polymer foam (EPF), prior to endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) with valves. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this in a larger cohort and compare outcomes with a similar cohort with no CV.MethodsPatients with severe COPD, with the left upper lobe (LUL) targeted for ELVR, were assessed for CV with high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). If fissure completeness was >95% they were enrolled as controls for valves alone (endobronchial valve control group [EBV‐CTRL]). If fissure completeness was 80%–95%, defects were mapped to the corresponding segment, where EPF was instilled following confirmation of CV with CHARTIS. EBVs were inserted 1 month afterwards.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled into both arms. After 6 months, there were significant improvements in both groups in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; +19.7% EPF vs. +27.7% EBV‐CTRL, p < 0.05); residual volume (RV; −16.2% EPF vs. −20.1% EBV‐CTRL, p = NS); SGRQ (−15.1 EPF vs. −16.6 EBV‐CTRL p = NS) and 6 min walk (+25.8% EPF [77.2 m] vs. +28.4% [82.3 m] EBV‐CTRL p = NS). Patients with fissural defects mapped to the lingula had better outcomes than those mapped to other segments (FEV1 +22.9% vs. +16.3% p < 0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions to EPF.ConclusionEPF successfully reverses CV in severe COPD patients with a left oblique fissure that is 80%–95% complete. Following EBV, outcomes are similar to patients with complete fissures undergoing ELVR with EBV alone. EPF therapy to reverse CV potentially increases the number of COPD patients suitable for ELVR with minimal adverse reactions.
Professionals' experiences of supporting two‐mother families in antenatal and child health care in Sweden
Authors: Engström Helene Appelgren , Borneskog Catrin , Häggström‐Nordin Elisabet , Almqvist Anna‐Lena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Sweden, antenatal and child health care are offered free of charge to all expectant and new parents. Professionals in antenatal and child health care play an important role in supporting parents. Previous research shows that same‐sex mothers face heteronormative assumptions and insufficient support during their transition to parenthood.ObjectiveTo explore professionals' experiences of supporting two‐mother families in antenatal and child health care.MethodA qualitative method with focus group discussions was used. An interview guide was followed, and the discussions were held online. The data was analysed according to inductive content analysis.Settings and participantsThe participants were midwives (n = 8) and nurses (n = 5) in antenatal and child health care from different parts of Sweden. Participants were recruited through the coordinating midwives and child health care nurses in the different regions.FindingsOne main category was identified: Striving to be open‐minded in supporting same‐sex mothers. Health care professionals described meeting well‐prepared mothers, with an equal commitment between each other, and mothers on guard against heteronormative views. Professionals provided support through empowerment by creating a safe environment and aiming at providing equal support to all parents or tailored support to same‐sex mothers. Mothers described handling challenges, as a balancing act to acknowledge both mothers. Struggling with documents and communication and a lack of information were other challenges to be handled. Professionals reflected on their own professional competence and expressed that knowledge acquired through education, experience and personal interest all contributed to their competence.ConclusionsForms and documentation need to be updated to be gender neutral to be including to a variety of family constelleations. Health care professionals need time to reflect on norms and challenges to better support both mothers in a two‐mother family.
The adaptation model of immunity: Is the goal of central tolerance to eliminate defective T cells or self‐reactive T cells?
Authors: Manjili Masoud H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe self‐non‐self model and the danger model are designed to understand how an immune response is induced. These models are not meant to predict if an immune response may succeed or fail in destroying/controlling its target. However, these immunological models rely on either self‐antigens or self‐dendritic cells for understanding of central tolerance, which have been discussed by Fuchs and Matzinger in response to Al‐Yassin. In an attempt to address some questions that these models are facing when it comes to understanding central tolerance, I propose that the goal of negative selection in the thymus is to eliminate defective T cells but not self‐reactive T cells. Therefore, any escape from negative selection could increase lymphopenia because of the depletion of defective naïve T cells outside the thymus, as seen in the elderly.
Beyond COVID‐19 and lessons learned in the United States
Authors: Gammon Richard , Katz Louis M. , Strauss Donna , Rowe Kathleen , Menitove Jay , Benjamin Richard J. , Goel Ruchika , Borge Dayand , Reichenberg Stefan , Smith Roxane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic severely tested the resilience of the US blood supply with wild fluctuations in blood donation and utilisation rates as community donation opportunities ebbed and hospitals post‐poned elective surgery. Key stakeholders in transfusion services, blood centres, supply chains and manufacturers reviewed their experiences during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic as well as available literature to describe successes, opportunities for improvement and lessons learned. The blood community found itself in uncharted territory responding to restriction of its access to donors (approximately 20% decrease) and some supplies; environmental adjustments to address staff and donor concerns about coronavirus transmission; and the development of a new product (COVID‐19 convalescent plasma [CCP]). In assuring that the needs of the patients were paramount, the donation process was safe, that clinicians had access to CCP, and vendor relationships aligned, the blood banking community relearned its primary focus: improving patient outcomes.
COVID‐19 vaccine humoral response in frequent platelet donors with plateletpheresis‐associated lymphopenia
Authors: Laumaea Annemarie Eare , Lewin Antoine , Chatterjee Debashree , Marchitto Lorie , Ding Shilei , Gendron‐Lepage Gabrielle , Goyette Guillaume , Allard Marie‐Ève , Simard Carl , Tremblay Tony , Perreault Josée , Duerr Ralf , Finzi Andrés , Bazin Renée 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlateletpheresis involves platelet separation and collection from whole blood while other blood cells are returned to the donor. Because platelets are replaced faster than red blood cells, as many as 24 donations can be done annually. However, some frequent apheresis platelet donors (>20 donations annually) display severe plateletpheresis‐associated lymphopenia; in particular, CD4+T but not B cell numbers are decreased. COVID‐19 vaccination thereby provides a model to assess whether lymphopenic platelet donors present compromised humoral immune responses.Study Design and MethodsWe assessed vaccine responses following 2 doses of COVID‐19 vaccination in a cohort of 43 plateletpheresis donors with a range of pre‐vaccination CD4+T cell counts (76–1537 cells/μl). In addition to baseline T cell measurements, antibody binding assays to full‐length Spike and the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were performed pre‐ and post‐vaccination. Furthermore, pseudo‐particle neutralization and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays were conducted to measure antibody functionality.ResultsParticipants were stratified into two groups: <400 CD4/μl (n = 27) and ≥ 400 CD4/μl (n = 16). Following the first dose, 79% seroconverted within the <400 CD4/μl group compared to 87% in the ≥400 CD4/μl group; all donors were seropositive post‐second dose with significant increases in antibody levels. Importantly differences in CD4+ T cell levels minimally impacted neutralization, Spike recognition, and IgG Fc‐mediated effector functions.DiscussionOverall, our results indicate that lymphopenic plateletpheresis donors do not exhibit significant immune dysfunction; they have retained the T and B cell functionality necessary for potent antibody responses after vaccination.
Development and validation of an owner‐assessed Visual Analog Scale for feline pruritus severity scoring (VAScat)
Authors: Colombo Silvia , Sartori Roberta , Schievano Carlo , Borio Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of the severity of pruritus is difficult in cats, because they manifest discomfort by increased licking, increased scratching or both.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objective was to develop and validate a feline‐specific pruritus scale (VAScat).MethodsThe scale was designed as a double Visual Analog Scale (VAS), one VAS for licking and one for scratching, with severity and behavioural descriptors. The highest score (VAS‐max) on either VAS was taken as the pruritus score for each cat. Owners of 153 cats with skin diseases and of 108 healthy cats scored their pet's pruritus using the VAScat. Ninety‐six of 153 cats with skin diseases also were re‐evaluated after four to eight weeks of treatment.ResultsPearson's correlation value between VAS‐licking and VAS‐scratching scores was r = 0.26 (p < 0.01), and Cronbach's alpha was 0.41. Both indexes indicated that the two scales measure different manifestations of pruritus and supported the use of a dual assessing system. Comparison with a numerical pruritus severity scale (0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe) suggested that VAS‐licking and VAS‐scratching scales taken alone are unsuitable for measuring absent to mild pruritus (grades 0–1), while VAS‐max is (p = 0.001). VAS‐licking, VAS‐scratching and VAS‐max all were suitable to assess higher levels of pruritus (grades 2–3, p < 0.01). The VAScat was able to measure pruritus improvement following therapy, as post‐treatment scores were significantly decreased compared to pre‐treatment ones (p < 0.0001).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe VAScat proved to be a useful tool to assess pruritus in cats and for monitoring the response to treatment for pruritus.
Different regulation of auxin homeostasis would be a possible mechanism conferring quinclorac resistance in Echinochloa crusgalli var. zelayensis
Authors: Zhao Zerui , Liu Xudong , Pan Xukun , Napier Richard , Dong Liyao , Li Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDifferences in ethylene biosynthesis and cyanide detoxification have been reported to be mechanisms of quinclorac resistance in Echinochloa crusgalli var. zelayensis. Resistant phenotypes could be a consequence of the altered endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) homeostasis induced by the herbicide. In this study, we determined the IAA content and expression levels of auxin homeostasis‐related genes in susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. crusgalli var. zelayensis after quinclorac treatment. The results showed that the IAA content of JNNX‐S (susceptible biotype) was significantly higher than that of SSXB‐R (resistant biotype) after treatment with 50 μM quinclorac. To better understand this rise in IAA, the expression profiles of seven genes (one for auxin synthesis, five for IAA conjugation and one for IAA oxidation) and the biochemical activities of two oxidases involved in IAA homeostasis were measured. The expression of EcYUCCA10 was significantly higher in JNNX‐S than in SSXB‐R. The expression levels of the EcGH3s were significantly lower in JNNX‐S than in SSXB‐R. These expression profiles were consistent with the elevation of IAA levels in the susceptible biotype. In contrast, EcUGT and EcDAO were induced in each biotype, but a smaller increase was observed in SSXB‐R than in JNNX‐S. The enzymatic activities of IAA oxidases and peroxidases were higher in SSXB‐R than in JNNX‐S 24 h after treatment. It was inferred that altered expression of specific genes involved in IAA synthesis, conjugation and oxidation resulted in less IAA being induced in the resistant biotype, resulting in a lower ethylene burst and the associated quinclorac resistance. These results suggest novel layers of complexity in the mechanism of quinclorac resistance.
Comparative transcriptomic adaptations of Staphylococcus aureus to the wound environment in non‐diabetic and diabetic mice
Authors: Dolivo David , Lanier Steven , Leung Kai , Mustoe Thomas , Hong Seok Jong , Galiano Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfection is a major source of complications in delayed diabetic wound healing. Increased understanding of differential bacterial responses to diabetic wounds will enable us to better understand chronic wound pathogenesis. Here we create delayed‐healing wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus in non‐diabetic and diabetic mice and used RNA‐seq to compare bacterial gene expression profiles 3 or 7 days after infection. Analysis at day 3 demonstrated substantial transcriptomic differences between bacteria colonising non‐diabetic and diabetic wound beds. Most of these transcriptional differences resolved by day 7, suggesting normalisation of many bacterial phenotypes later in the diabetic wound healing process. Lingering differentially expressed genes at day 7 were enriched for genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, which includes genes of the lac operon, and capsular polysaccharide synthesis, which includes the cap8 locus. These data encourage further research into host–pathogen interactions in wound healing and how they influence differential outcomes in the diabetic wound environment.
PALAMISM AND DISPOSITIONALISM: COMMENT ON RASLAU'S INTEGRATION OF ORTHODOX THEOLOGY WITH CONTEMPORARY METAPHYSICS OF SCIENCE
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a recent volume ofZygon: Journal of Religion and Science, Flavius Raslau proposes a new and intriguing integration of Palamite theology with key currents of thought in analytic philosophy of science. The aim of this comment is to provide a concise summary and assessment of Raslau's proposal, along the way making suggestions as to how it might be profitably amended.
Sensitivity Analysis and Parametric Uncertainty Quantification of a Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Rashidi Niloofar , Burgos Rolando , Roy Chris , Boroyevich Dushan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the numerical approaches for sensitivity analysis (SA) and its application in the modeling effort of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). A review of the state-of-the-art techniques in the sensitivity analysis is provided, with a special focus on the numerical approaches, followed by the sensitivity analysis of an MMC. To further reduce the computational cost per model evaluation in parametric uncertainty quantification (P-UQ) of the MMC, this paper also proposes a simplified model with a minimum number of power modules for P-UQ analysis without introducing any further uncertainties in the modeling and simulation.
Constrained Multibody Kinematics and Dynamics in Absolute Coordinates: A Discussion of Three Approaches to Representing Rigid Body Rotation
Authors: Kissel Alexandra , Taves Jay , Negrut Dan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compare three ways to pose the set of index 3 differential algebraic equations (DAEs) associated with the constrained multibody dynamics problem formulated in absolute coordinates. The first approach, named rA, works directly with the orientation matrix and therefore eschews the need for generalized coordinates used to produce the orientation matrix A. The approach is informed by the fact that rotation matrices belong to the SO(3) Lie matrix group. The second approach, referred to herein as rp, employs Euler parameters; the third, referred to as rε, uses Euler angles. In all cases, the index 3 DAE problem is solved via a first-order implicit numerical integrator. We note a roughly twofold speedup of rA over rε and a 1.2–1.3 times speedup of rε over rp. The tests were carried out in conjunction with four 3D mechanisms. The improvements in simulation speed of the rA approach are traced back to a simpler form of the equations of motion and more concise Jacobians that enter the numerical solution. The contributions made herein are twofold. First, we provide first-order variations of all the quantities that enter the rA formulation when used in the context of implicit integration; i.e., sensitivity of the kinematic constraints for all lower pair joints, as well as the sensitivity of the constraint reaction forces. Second, to the best of our knowledge, there is no other contribution that compares head to head the solution efficiency of rA, rp, and rε in the context of the multibody dynamics problem posed in absolute coordinates.
Comparative effectiveness of three versions of a stepped care model for insomnia differing in the amount of therapist support in internet-delivered treatment: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial (GET Sleep)
Authors: Spiegelhalder Kai , Baumeister Harald , Al-Kamaly Abdulwahab , Bader Martina , Bauereiss Natalie , Benz Fee , Braun Lina , Buntrock Claudia , Burkhardt Maike , Cuijpers Pim , Domschke Katharina , Dülsen Patrick , Franke Marvin , Frase Lukas , Heber Elena , Helm Kathrin , Jentsch Terry , Johann Anna , Küchler Ann-Marie , Kuhn Michael , Lehr Dirk , Maun Andy , Morin Charles M , Moshagen Morten , Richter Kneginja , Schiel Julian , Simon Laura , Spille Lukas , Weeß Hans-Günter , Riemann Dieter , Ebert David Daniel 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionIt is unclear how internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can be integrated into healthcare systems, and little is known about the optimal level of therapist guidance. The aim of this study is to investigate three different versions of a stepped care model for insomnia (IG1, IG2, IG3) versus treatment as usual (TAU). IG1, IG2 and IG3 rely on treatment by general practitioners (GPs) in the entry level and differ in the amount of guidance by e-coaches in internet-delivered CBT-I.Methods and analysisIn this randomised controlled trial, 4268 patients meeting International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) criteria for insomnia will be recruited. The study will use cluster randomisation of GPs with an allocation ratio of 3:3:3:1 (IG1, IG2, IG3, TAU). In step 1 of the stepped care model, GPs will deliver psychoeducational treatment; in step 2, an internet-delivered CBT-I programme will be used; in step 3, GPs will refer patients to specialised treatment. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, and 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months after baseline assessment. The primary outcome is insomnia severity at 6 months. An economic evaluation will be conducted and qualitative interviews will be used to explore barriers and facilitators of the stepped care model.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Centre—University of Freiburg. The results of the study will be published irrespective of the outcome.Trial registration numberDRKS00021503.