bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
velocity-field characteristics of MgxZn1-xO/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: liu dongfeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, the electron transport in MgxZn1−xO/ZnO heterostructures at room temperature is simulated by the ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) method. Electron scatterings including deformed acoustic phonon (DAC), piezoelectric acoustic phonon (PAP), polar optical phonon (POP), interface roughness (IFR), dislocation (DIS), electron escape (ESC) and capture (CPR) by optical phonon, and random alloy (RAS), are considered in EMC. Electron drift velocities in MgxZn1−xO/ZnO heterostructures with various Mg composition x (0.1 ~ 0.3) are calculated at electric fields up to 25kV/cm. We find that there is no obvious velocity saturation occuring in the range of the electric field considered. The results show that ESC scattering is one of the main physical mechanisms that limit the drift velocity. On the other hand, it is found that the competition between IFR and intersubband POP scatterings plays an important role in the change of electron drift velocity with the increasing Mg compositions.
A mixed method, phase 2 clinical evaluation of a novel device to treat postpartum hemorrhage.
Authors: Weeks Andrew , Cunningham Caroline , Taylor Wendy , Rosala-Hallas Anna , Watt Peter , Bryning Lucy , Ezeofor Victor , Cregan Liz , Hayden Emma , Lambert Dot , Bedwell Carol , Lane Steven , Fisher Tony , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Lavender Tina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of a new device designed to facilitate uterine compression in women with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).Methods: A prospective, phase two clinical device trial with concurrent qualitative study, conducted in a UK consultant obstetric unit. The device was used in addition to standard care in women unresponsive to initial oxytocin therapy. The primary effectiveness outcome was additional blood loss of over 1000mls, whilst safety was assessed through adverse events. Interviews assessed device feasibility and acceptability, and were analyzed using framework analysis.Results: We recruited 57 women with clinical PPH after vaginal birth; 67% were primiparous and 47% had undergone operative birth. All but two (96%) had atony as a cause of the hemorrhage; in addition, 30% also had bleeding from lacerations and 11% had retained tissue.After device use, only one woman had additional blood loss over 1000mls, although 3 women (7%) needed a Bakri balloon and 14% received a blood transfusion. All but one clinician felt that the device was easy to use. Clinicians stated that the device assisted management in 85% of cases. All 56 women who responded stated that if they bled in a future birth they would want the device to be used again. There were no serious adverse events related to the device. However, 3 events were judged as ‘possibly’ being caused by the device - 2 minor vaginal grazes and one postnatal episiotomy infection and breakdown. Lax vaginal tissue complicated the use of the device in three women. In 47 interviews, participants, birth partners, clinician users and attending midwives viewed the device positively. Clinicians found it useful as a way of stopping blood loss and as an aid to diagnose the source of bleeding. Conclusions: The PPH Butterfly may provide a rapid, acceptable and effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. Clinical Trial Registration: prospective with ISRCTN15452399 11/09/2017 (www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15452399).
Unexplained abdominal pain in pregnancy and the use of the term ‘Round Ligament Pain’: a single-centre New Zealand pilot cohort study
Authors: Twidale Emily Katherine , Ahmad Hashilah Husaimee , Halpin Shannon , Price Hannah Louise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Unexplained abdominal pain (UAP) in pregnancy is common, can be severe and difficult to treat. Despite no supportive evidence, it is often called ‘Round Ligament Pain’ (RLP). Abdominal Wall Pain (AWP) is under-recognised but is simple to diagnose and treat. We aim to display that UAP is common and that without evidence, medical carers continue to cite RLP and to show that pregnant people with UAP frequently use descriptors shared by AWP. Methods: We performed a prospective, cross-sectional, observational pilot cohort of an antenatal clinic in New Zealand. 203 pregnant adults over 20 weeks’ gestation were interviewed via written questionnaire. Measurements included the proportion with UAP, recognition of the term RLP and whether participants reported that medical carers taught them about RLP. Participants were asked whether their UAP fit any of fourteen descriptors, eleven of which were suggestive of AWP. Results: The majority of participants had UAP in pregnancy (68.5%). Recognition of the term RLP was high (54%). Those with UAP had an odds ratio of 9.23 of citing a medical carer as their RLP information source when compared to those without pain (95% CI 3.5-24.4). Amongst the participants who reported UAP, 98.6% used descriptors shared by AWP. The commonest AWP descriptors were abdominal pain that was: ‘worsened by walking, bending, moving to sit’ (72.6%); ‘sharp’ (56.8%); and ‘always in the same location’ (45.3%). Conclusions: UAP in pregnancy is common and our participants report that medical carers continue to cite RLP. Their unexplained abdominal pain shared many historical features with AWP.
Lipidomic profiling reveals metabolic signatures in psoriatic skin lesions
Authors: Peng Cong , Liu Panpan , Hou Guixue , Kuang Yehong , Li Lei , Chen Chao , Yan Bei , Zhu Wu , Li Jie , Chen Mingliang , Su Juan , Lin Liang , Chen Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Lipids play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response. However, the alteration of lipids involved in psoriasis particular in skin lesions remain unclear. Here, we performed the lipidomics to investigate lipid profiling in the skin lesions of the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and psoriasis patients. The findings showed that ceramides phosphate (CerP) and ceramides were enriched in psoriatic lesions compared with controls from both psoriasis patients and psoriasis-like mouse model. Psoriasis patients were classified into two subtypes, the CC1 and CC2, by consensus clustering of these lipid signatures. The CC1 was characterized by the higher levels of CerP, uric acid, and more severe psoriasis, compared with CC2 subtype. Interestingly, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), dramatically enriched in CC1 subtype, facilitated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, C1P induced the expression of inflammatory factors and activated DNA replication and cell cycle signaling pathways in the primary keratinocytes. Inhibiting the production of C1P with ceramide kinase inhibitor effectively alleviated the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Taken together, we described the landscape of lipids alteration and established lipids classification based on pattern of abundance of lipids in psoriatic skin lesions. Suppression of C1P pathway is a novel potential strategy for psoriasis treatment.
Cilia in the Striatum Mediate Timing-Dependent Functions: Implications for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Alhassen Wedad , Alhassen Sammy , Chen Jiaqi , Monfared Rouda Vakil , Alachkar Amal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Almost all brain cells contain cilia, antennae-like microtubule-based organelles. Yet, the significance of cilia, once considered vestigial organelles, in the higher-order brain functions is unknown. Cilia act as a hub that senses and transduces environmental sensory stimuli to generate an appropriate cellular response. Similarly, the striatum, a brain structure enriched in cilia, functions as a hub that receives and integrates various types of environmental information to drive appropriate motor response. To understand cilia's role in the striatum functions, we used loxP/Cre technology to ablate cilia from the dorsal striatum and monitored the behavioral consequences. Our results revealed an essential role for striatal cilia in the acquisition of and brief storage of information, including learning new motor skills, but not in long-term consolidation of information or maintaining habitual/learned motor skills. A fundamental aspect of all disrupted functions was the "time perception/judgment deficit", indicating a critical role for striatal cilia in brain central "clock" function. Further, the observed behavioral deficits form a set/cluster pertaining to clinical manifestations overlapping across disorders involving the striatum functions and to exhibit timing deficits, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, striatal cilia may act as a calibrator of the basal ganglia-cortical circuit "clock" functions by maintaining proper timing perception. Accordingly, dysfunctional cilia might be a unifying factor that contributes to the pathophysiology of neuro-psychiatric disorders, as related to deficits in timing tasks performance, and may serve as therapeutic targets for these disorders.
Let-7b-5p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via repression of hexokinase 2-mediated aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Ye Qinong , Li Ling , Zhang Xiujuan , Lin Yanni , Ren Xinxin , Xie Tian , Lin Jing , Wu Shumeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (HK2), a critical rate-limiting enzyme in glycolytic pathway catalyzing hexose phosphorylation, is overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and associates with poor clinicopathological features. Drugs targeting aerobic glycolysis regulators, including HK2, are in development. However, physiological significance of HK2 inhibitors and mechanisms of HK2 inhibition in cancer cells remain largely unclear. Herein, we show that microRNA-let-7b-5p (let-7b-5p) represses HK2 expression by targeting its 3’-untranslated region. By suppressing HK2-mediated aerobic glycolysis, let-7b-5p restrains breast tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In patients with breast cancer, let-7b-5p expression is significantly downregulated, and is negatively correlated with HK2 expression. Our findings indicate that let-7b-5p/HK2 axis plays a key role in aerobic glycolysis as well as breast tumor proliferation and metastasis, and targeting this axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Three-dimensional modeling of the impact behavior of debris flows in areas affected by earthquakes
Authors: Dai Zili , Xu Kai , Jiang Mingtao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and caused high volumes of loose solid material to collect in gully drainage areas; over time, this material eroded and became the source material for multiple debris flows. On August 13, 2010, a heavy rainstorm struck the areas that were impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake. The resulting debris flows caused more than 2,000 deaths and destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, and traffic facilities. To mitigate and/or prevent the negative consequences of such disasters in the future, it is important to have reliable and effective methods for predicting the impact behavior of these debris flows. In this study, we investigated the impact behavior of debris flows in post-earthquake areas using a three-dimensional model that is based on the particle flow code PFC3D. We verified our model by simulating a granular flow model test in a laboratory. We quantified the flow process and the impact force of the granular material; by comparing our model data to the test data, we found that the PFC3D model was capable of accurately simulating the dynamic behavior of the granular flows. We then used our model to estimate the propagation processes and the impact forces exerted on check dams by two large debris flows that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The results agreed with data collected during field surveys, and the PFC3D model can reproduce the dynamic behavior of debris flows in areas that had recently experienced significant seismic activity.
A Particle Filter-based Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Prognostic Risk Assessment of Progression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shang Shi , Yuan Junyi , Pan Changqing , Mi Linhui , Cen Xingxing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a malignant tumor disease threatening human life and health. The development of new NSCLC risk assessment model based on electronic medical records (EMR) has a great potential to reduce the damage of cancer recurrence. In this process, machine learning (ML) serves as a powerful method to automatically extract risk factors and give impact weights for NSCLC death. However, when the number of samples reaches a certain number, it is difficult for ML to improve the prediction accuracy, and it is also difficult to effectively use the characteristic data of subsequent patients. The goal of this paper is to build a postoperative survival risk assessment model for NSCLC patients so that the model can update model parameters and improve model accuracy based on new patient data. From the model perspective, it realizes the combination of particle filtering and parameter estimation. To demonstrate the feasibility and to further evaluate the performance of our approach, we performed empirical analysis experiment. The results show that our method achieves an overall accuracy of 92% and a recall of 71% for deceased patients. On the one hand, our method can enable better utilization of subsequent patients' characteristic data, and can make more relevant to different patients and achieve precision medicine.
Liquid Madelung potential as a descriptor for lithium metal electrodes
Authors: Yamada Atsuo , Takenaka Norio , Ko Seongjae , Kitada Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Removing the graphite anode from lithium battery systems ultimately maximises the energy density, where lithium ions in the pristine positive electrode alone are deposited as lithium metal at the negative electrode. Since the Li/Li+ redox potential (ELi/Li+) is beyond the thermodynamical potential window of the present electrolyte, suppressing side reactions at the lithium metal electrode is essential, which can be realised by an upshift in ELi/Li+. Improvements in the Coulombic efficiency have been exemplified in (locally) salt-concentrated electrolytes, where ELi/Li+ upshifts over 0.6 V. However, the mechanism governing this unexpectedly large potential shift has remained unclear. Here, we revealed that the unusual upshift of ELi/Li+ is dominated by the Coulombic energy penalty of Li+ in the electrolytes rather than the simple Nernst equation with an extremely high Li+ activity coefficient. The overall energetics was verified and directly quantified by introducing the ‘liquid Madelung potential (ELM)’ analogous to the conventional concept in solid-state science. Namely, Li+ is electrostatically more stabilised by electron-localised solvents, while relatively less stabilised by electron-delocalised larger-sized anions, thus decreasing the overall Coulombic energy gain of Li+ under progressive anion coordination. This simple yet hitherto overlooked mechanism can be widely extended providing a useful guideline for developing better electrochemical systems.
Experimental Study of Co-combustion of Water Hyacinth Biomass and Anthracite and Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Wang Junhua , Meng Junquan , Liu Zhenrong , Gao Chengjun , Hu Yuwei , Chen Rong , Xu Jianxin , Wang Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Water hyacinth, a common aquatic plant, has excellent combustion performances. Co-combustion of water hyacinth with coals will complement for the disadvantages of the two materials, and improve their combustion performances and energy use efficiency. In this study, co-combustion of water hyacinth and anthracite at varying mixing ratios and heating rates were tested via thermogravimetric analysis, and the co-combustion was characterized. The ignition temperature, burnout temperature, and comprehensive parameters of the co-combustion under different conditions were detected, and interactions between the two materials were discussed using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The mixed fuels at different mixing ratios integrated the combustion characteristics of water hyacinth and anthracite. The comprehensive combustion index rose from 0.15 to 2.22 when the ratio of water hyacinth increased. The difference in derivative thermogravimetry curves of the mixed fuels all showed peaks at the volatile combustion stage and the fixed carbon combustion stage, indicating interactions occurred between water hyacinth and anthracite in the co-combustion. This study offers a basis for the optimized co-combustion of aquatic biomass and coals with lower coal dosage and higher combustion efficiency.
Crossover randomized multicentre clinical trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fixed-combinations of 0.1% brimonidine/0.5% timolol versus 1% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol as adjunctive therapies to prostaglandin analogues: Aibeta Crossover Study
Authors: Inatani Masaru , Orii Yusuke , Iwasaki Kentaro , Arimura Shogo , Sunagawa Hiromi , Shiokawa Minako , Inoue Kenji , Sakono Takuto , Sakono Takato , Kuwamura Rika , Yoshida Akiko , Oi Junko , Kuwayama Yasuaki , Kano Kiyoshi , Kido Noriaki , Matsuyama Akiko , Ozaki Mineo , Abe Hideki , Inoue Chizuru , Nakagawa Satoko , Musashi Kunihiro , Kanamori Akiyasu , Lee Jinhee , Otani Shinichiro , Aoki Ryota , Tanabe Hirotaka , Nakakura Shunsuke , Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Sagara Takeshi , Saito Yoshiaki , Sameshima Motoyasu , Urahashi Mai , Watanabe-Kitamura Fumika , Inoue Toshihiro , Kagaya Fumie , Murai Yusuke , Mori Sotaro , Ueda Kaori , Kurimoto Takuji , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto , Yamashita Takehiro , Ishiyama Sosuke , Manabe Shinichi , Takaki Keiko , Hayashi Ken , Ishida Akiko , Tsutsui Aika , Manabe Kaoru , Tanito Masaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This multicentre, randomized, comparative, and investigator-masked crossover clinical trial sought to compare the efficacy and tolerability of fixed-combinations 0.1% brimonidine/0.5% timolol (BTFC) versus 1% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol (DTFC) as adjunctive therapies to prostaglandin analogues. A total of 110 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension previously treated with prostaglandin analogue monotherapy were randomized to receive either BTFC or DTFC as adjunctive therapy for eight weeks. These patients were then crossed over to the alternative treatment arm for another eight weeks. The intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction (primary outcome), adverse event occurrence, ocular discomfort after instillation, and patient preference (secondary outcomes) were recorded through patients’ interviews. BTFC instillation for eight weeks resulted in IOP reduction by 3.55 mmHg, demonstrating non-inferiority to DTFC instillation (3.60 mmHg; P <0.0001, mixed-effects model). Although adverse effects were rare with both combinations, patients reported greater discomfort with DTFC than with BTFC instillation (P <0.0001). More patients preferred BTFC (P <0.0001) over DTFC, as the former caused minimal or no eye irritation. As BTFC offers better tolerability than DTFC with comparable IOP reduction, we recommend it as an alternative in patients who experience ocular discomfort with DTFC-prostaglandin analogue combination therapy.
Tracheobronchial tooth and dental prosthesis aspirations: 15 cases
Authors: Eliçora Aykut , Sezer Hüsseyin Fatih , Topçu Salih , Çardaközü Tülay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheobronchial foreign body is uncommon in adults. Among foreign body aspirations, tooth and dental prosthesis aspiration is a very rare condition. In the literature, dental aspiration is generally found as a case report and there is no single-center case series. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in 15 cases with tooth and dental prosthesis aspiration
Methods
Data from 693 patients who presented to our hospital for foreign body aspiration between the years 2006 and 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Fifteen cases who aspirated tooth and dental prostheses as foreign bodies were included in our study.
Results
Foreign bodies were removed by rigid bronchoscopy in 12 (80%) cases and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 2 (13.3%) cases. When evaluated in terms of foreign body, partial upper anterior tooth prosthesis in 5 (33.3%) cases, partial anterior lower tooth prosthesis in 2 (13.3%) cases, dental implant screw in 2 (13.3%) cases, lower molar crown in 1 (6.6%) case, lower jaw bridge prosthesis in 1(6.6%) case, upper jaw bridge prosthesis in 1(6.6%) case, broken tooth fragment in 1(6.6%) case, upper molar tooth crown coating in 1(6.6%) case and upper lateral incisor tooth in 1(6.6%) case were observed.
Conclusion
Dental aspirations can also occur in healthy adults. Anamnesis is the most important factor in diagnosis and diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures should be performed in cases where adequate anamnesis cannot be obtained.
Interventions in the first 1000 days to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Celia , Carretero-Bravo Jesús , Ortega-Martín Esther , Ramos-Fiol Begoña , Ferriz-Mas Bernardo , Díaz-Rodríguez Mercedes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. Despite efforts to reverse this situation in recent years, the figures remain high. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days. Results: From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) take place in developed areas. Almost all (86%) are targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) start in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) end at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions include all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions are focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collect the baby's weight at birth (68%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with BMI or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.