bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and functional analysis of chitin synthase genes in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Zeng Bin , Chen Fu‐Rong , Sun Hao , Liu Yan , Wu Shun‐Fan , Bass Chris , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, has developed a high level of resistance to many of the compounds currently used for control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop novel control methods for C. suppressalis. Insect chitin synthases (CHS) have attracted interest as a potential target for insect pest management. However, to date, CHS have not been characterized in C. suppressalis. Two CHS genes (CsCHS1 and CsCHS2) were identified and cloned from C. suppressalis. Two transcript variants were identified for CsCHS1, CsCHS1a and CsCHS1b. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that both transcripts of CsCHS1 are most highly expressed on the last day of each larval instar stage and show the highest expression levels in the integument. In contrast, CsCHS2 is predominantly expressed during the larval feeding stages and shows the highest expression levels in the midgut. Knockdown of CsCHS1 by RNA interference significantly inhibited the molting and pupation of C. suppressalis, and knockdown of CsCHS2 significantly affected growth during the larval stage, but had no significant effect on the pupation. Moreover, knockout of CsCHS1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing severely lowered the hatching rate, larval survivorship, pupation rate, and eclosion rate, but only larval survivorship at the G0 generation was lowered after the knockout of CsCHS2. These results demonstrate that CsCHS1 and CsCHS2 play vital roles in the growth and development of C. suppressalis, and so have potential as insecticidal targets for the control of this highly damaging pest.
Efficacy of a TAP block versus an anterior QLB for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sørenstua Marie , Ræder Johan , Vamnes Jan Sverre , Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and the anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) have been shown effective in reducing postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Our hypothesis was that there is no difference in analgesic effect between the two blocks for this procedure.MethodsIn this prospective, double‐blind, randomised controlled study, 60 adult patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were equally randomly assigned to either a preoperative TAP block or an anterior QLB. The primary outcome was oral morphine equivalent (OME) consumption at 4 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were OME consumption at 24, 48 h and 7 days, pain scores at rest and when coughing, nausea, and level of sedation measured at 1, 2, 3, 24, and 48 h and 7 days postoperatively.ResultsFifty‐three patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in OME consumption at 4 h postoperatively, TAP group (10.3 ± 7.85 mg) (mean ± SD) versus the anterior QLB group (10.9 ± 10.85 mg) (p = .713). The pain scores were similar at rest and when coughing during the 7 day observation period, as were the level of sedation and incidence of nausea. There were no cases of serious side‐effects or muscle weakness of the thigh on the same side as the block.ConclusionThere is no difference in OME consumption, pain, nausea or sedation between the TAP and the anterior QLB. Thus, the choice between the two blocks in a clinical setting of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair should be based on other aspects, such as skills, practicalities, and potential risks.
Post‐Roe emergency medicine: Policy, clinical, training, and individual implications for emergency clinicians
Authors: Samuels‐Kalow Margaret E. , Agrawal Pooja , Rodriguez Giovanni , Zeidan Amy , Love Jennifer S. , Monette Derek , Lin Michelle , Cooper Richelle J. , Madsen Tracy E. , Dobiesz Valerie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn June 2022, the United States Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade, removing almost 50 years of precedent and enabling the imposition of a wide range of state‐level restrictions on abortion access. Historical data from the United States and internationally demonstrate that the removal of safe abortion options will increase complications and the health risks to pregnant patients. Because the emergency department is a critical access point for reproductive health care, emergency clinicians must be prepared for the policy, clinical, educational, and legal implications of this change. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to describe the impact of the reversal of Roe v. Wade on health equity and reproductive justice, the provision of emergency care education and training, and the specific legal and reproductive consequences for emergency clinicians. Finally, we conclude with specific recommended policy and advocacy responses for emergency medicine clinicians.
GluA2‐lacking AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and shell contribute to the incubation of oxycodone craving in male rats
Authors: Wong Benjamin , Zimbelman Alexa R. , Milovanovic Mike , Wolf Marina E. , Stefanik Michael T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the most challenging issues in the treatment of substance use disorder, including misuse of opioids such as oxycodone, is persistent vulnerability to relapse, often triggered by cues or contexts previously associated with drug use. In rats, cue‐induced craving progressively intensifies (‘incubates’) during withdrawal from extended‐access self‐administration of several classes of misused drugs, including the psychostimulants cocaine and methamphetamine. For these psychostimulants, incubation is associated with strengthening of excitatory synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) through incorporation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors that lack the GluA2 subunit and are therefore Ca2+‐permeable (CP‐AMPARs). Once CP‐AMPAR upregulation occurs, their stimulation is required for expression of incubation. It is not known if a similar mechanism contributes to incubation of oxycodone craving. Using male rats, we established that incubation occurs by withdrawal day (WD) 15 and persists through WD30. Then, using cell‐surface biotinylation, we found that surface levels of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 but not GluA2 are elevated in NAc core and shell of oxycodone rats on WD15, although this wanes by WD30. Next, using intra‐NAc injection of the selective CP‐AMPAR antagonist Naspm before a seeking test, we demonstrate that CP‐AMPAR blockade in either subregion decreases oxycodone seeking on WD15 or WD30 (after incubation), but not WD1, and has no effect in saline self‐administering animals. The Naspm results suggest CP‐AMPARs persist in synapses through WD30 even if total cell surface levels wane. These results suggest that a common neurobiological mechanism contributes to expression of incubation of craving for oxycodone and psychostimulants.
Effect of different intracanal posts and exposure parameters on detection of vertical root fractures by cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Shokri Abbas , Eskandarloo Amir , Zahedi Foozie , Karkehabadi Hamed , Foroozandeh Maryam , Farhadian Maryam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of different amperage values and voxel sizes of two CBCT scanners on VRF detection in the presence of different intracanal posts. After post‐space preparation, VRFs were induced in half of the samples of 20 maxillary premolars. Five different intracanal posts were passively placed in each root canal. Samples were scanned using CS 9300 and Cranex3D with two different voxel sizes and amperage setting in each unit. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared using the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal‐Wallis tests (α = 0.05). Changes in amperage and voxel size did not affect the detection of VRFs (p ⟩ 0.05). The VRF detection accuracy was the highest in fibreglass and the lowest in nickel‐chromium group. Changes in amperage and voxel size within assessed values do not seem to influence the detection of VRF whereas different intracanal post‐materials have significant effect on VRF detection.
Risk of subsequent keratinocyte carcinomas after a first diagnosis in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Ragaini Bruna S. , Blizzard Leigh , Venn Alison 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveA history of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is a risk factor for further KCs, but population‐based studies quantifying the risk are lacking in Australia. We aimed to describe the risk of subsequent KCs after first KCs in the Australian state of Tasmania.MethodsTasmanian residents identified in the Tasmanian Cancer Registry with a first histologically confirmed basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or synchronous BCC and SCC (within 3 months) between January 1985 and December 2013 were followed up for at least 5 years for the development of a subsequent KC. Cumulative risk, incidence rates and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated.ResultsThose first diagnosed with BCC‐only, SCC‐only or synchronous BCC and SCC had (i) 5‐year cumulative risks of subsequent KCs of 32%, 29% and 51%, (ii) annualised 5‐year incidence rates of 8100/100,000 person‐years at risk (PYR), 7747/100,000 PYR and 16,634/100,000 PYR and (iii) SIRs of 10.6 (95% CI: 10.5–10.6), 12.5 (95% CI: 12.4–12.6) and 313.0 (95% CI: 305.2–321.1), respectively. Risk estimates increased substantially when multiple (two or more) lesions of any type were diagnosed synchronously.ConclusionsIn the first Australian population‐based study to describe the risk of subsequent KCs according to histological types, around one in three Tasmanians diagnosed with first KCs were diagnosed with subsequent KCs within 5 years. The risk of subsequent KCs was higher among those with a history of multiple synchronous lesions, especially if they included both BCC and SCC lesions.
Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln
Authors: Zong Ruofei , Lu Xiaoke , Wang Huimin , Li Weidong , Xu Changsong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.
Labor market impact of COVID‐19 on migrants in South Korea: Evidence from local outbreaks
Authors: Shin Seonho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the growing importance of migrants and their role in the South Korean economy, how much and in which ways COVID‐19, as an adverse labor market shock, has affected them has received too little attention, with no single study published to date yet. Motivated by such a paucity, this paper investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis on employment for migrants in South Korea, with special emphasis on quantifying the magnitude of its causal effect. In doing so, this study exploits the unique fact that only one specific region in South Korea had a substantial number of COVID‐19 infections in the early stage of the pandemic so that estimations can be made using a difference‐in‐differences (DD) model. The DD estimates suggest that COVID‐19 lowered migrants’ overall employment probability by 2.5 to 3.2 percent points. However, strong heterogeneity between the genders is apparent: the pandemic severely hurts female migrants’ employment, with male migrants weathering it relatively unscathed. Furthermore, female migrants seem considerably harder hit than female host populations. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that (i) a duration of stay exceeding 5 years and (ii) fluency in Korean (as a local language) protect migrants from being heavily affected by the COVID‐driven employment shock.
Trend of circulating CD34+ cells in patients with myelofibrosis: Association with spleen response during ruxolitinib treatment
Authors: Iurlo Alessandra , Galli Nicole , Bucelli Cristina , Artuso Silvia , Consonni Dario , Cattaneo Daniele 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWe evaluated CD34+ cells in a single‐centre series of 49 consecutive patients with myelofibrosis (MF) at baseline and during ruxolitinib therapy and examined any association with spleen response. The median (range) absolute number of circulating CD34+ cells was 0.0835 (0.001–1.528) × 109/L at diagnosis, and 0.123 (0.002–1.528) × 109/L at ruxolitinib start. With the exception of a transient increase after 3 months of ruxolitinib therapy, a progressive reduction in CD34+ cells count was documented, down to a minimum of 0.063 × 109/L after 36 months. We then assessed the association between spleen diameter expressed as the distance from the left costal margin (outcome) and log(CD34+) cells count using random‐intercept and random slope multivariable regression models to take into account within subject correlation: after adjusting for time and ruxolitinib dosage, we estimated a 0.7 cm increase (95% confidence interval 0.2–1.2, p = 0.003) in spleen length for each unit increase in log(CD34+) cells count (× 109/L). Although our study has some limitations, mainly related to its retrospective design, our approach may introduce a reproducible and simple tool that could facilitate the assessment of spleen response more objectively in patients with MF treated with ruxolitinib.
Peer charity donation, gratitude, and self‐esteem among left‐behind children
Authors: Hu Chao S. , Zhang Haotian , Munroe Melanie , Huang Chengli , Cao Yanan , Yan Jing , Chen Zhaohui , Ling Yibao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevious research suggests that receiving a charity donation could induce gratitude but threaten self‐esteem. We investigated if peer charity donations from typical children benefit or harm the mental health of their left‐behind children (LBC) classmates. We recruited children at a school (i.e., intervened school) that organized peer charity donations every semester and three typical schools (i.e., non‐intervened school) without such intervention in China. Participants completed the gratitude, self‐esteem, depression, and social anxiety scales. A statistical toolbox, “Matchit”, randomly selected 420 children aged 9–13 (220 females, 200 males, 213 LBC, 207 non‐LBC); there was no significant difference in left‐behind status, age, gender, or family economic status (all p > .10) between the intervened and non‐intervened groups (210 per group). Structural equation model analyses revealed that gratitude was associated with higher self‐esteem, lower social anxiety, and lower depression. Moreover, the intervention effect on self‐esteem was significantly positive among the LBC recipients and non‐LBC donors. The interaction between intervention and left‐behind status was significant on gratitude and depression. Specifically, the intervention effect was not significant on gratitude or depression among the LBC but was significantly negative on gratitude and depression among the non‐LBC. Peer charity donation may increase self‐esteem among children (recipients or donors) via increased social connection or satisfaction of basic needs, yet decreased gratitude among the donors due to the “moral licensing effect”.
Origin and kinematics of a basin‐scale, non‐polygonal, layer‐bound normal fault system in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Joffe Amir , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Steinberg Josh , Bell Rebecca E. , Makovsky Yizhaq 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolygonal, layer‐bound normal faults can extend over very large areas (>2,000,000 km2) of sedimentary basins. Best developed in very fine‐grained rocks, these faults are thought to form during early burial in response to a range of diagenetic processes, including compaction and water expulsion. Local deviations from this idealised polygonal pattern are common; however, basin‐scale, layer‐bound faults with non‐polygonal map view are not well‐documented and accordingly, their genesis is not well understood. In this study, we use 3D seismic reflection data, biostratigraphy and well logs from the Southern Levant Basin, offshore Israel, to develop an age‐constrained seismic‐stratigraphic framework and determine the geometry and kinematics of such basin‐scale fault system. The faults tip out downwards along an Eocene Unconformity, but unlike layer‐bound faults in the Northern Levant Basin, they do not reach the base of the Messinian evaporites, instead tipping out upwards at the top Langhian. On average, the faults in the Southern Levant Basin are 6.3 km long, have an average throw of 120 m, and consistently strike NW‐SE. Throw‐depth plots, accompanied by thickness changes, indicate that the faults accumulated growth strata during the Late Burdigalian and are spatially and kinematically associated with a WSW‐ESE‐striking strike‐slip fault. Unlike true polygonal faults, these faults propagated through ca. 2 km‐thick sandstone‐prone Oligocene‐Miocene strata. Whereas previous studies from the Northern Levant Basin associate fault nucleation and growth with burial‐related diagenesis, the sandstone‐prone character of the Oligocene‐Miocene suggests that this process cannot be readily applied to the Southern Levant Basin. Instead, we highlight potential tectonic events that occurred during and may have triggered thin‐skinned extension at times of fault growth.
Overburden deformation induced by active diapirism: Discrete element numerical simulations
Authors: Meng Qingfeng , Hao Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActive diapirs are commonly observed in sedimentary basins worldwide. Factors controlling overburden deformation processes and patterns during the active rise of active diapirs, such as sediment cohesion and overburden thickness, are not well understood. We have utilised the discrete element numerical simulation method to simulate active diapirism in models comprised of sediments with varying cohesions and roof thicknesses. We found that sediment cohesion can significantly affect overburden deformation with low‐cohesion sediments favouring the generation of a broad, smooth forced fold and a symmetric graben, while high‐cohesion sediments favour the formation of master reverse faults and preferentially uplifted and rotated fault blocks in their hangingwalls in the central crest, with an overall asymmetric structural geometry. Moreover, overburden thickness does not significantly affect structural styles in the overburden. Our results also suggest that the higher the sediment cohesion, the higher the amplitude (the lower the wavelength) of the forced fold above the rising diapir becomes. Our models produced a wide spectrum of deformation structures that resemble those in nature and reveal a strong link between structural styles and sediment diagenesis in the context of active diapir‐piercing sediments with varying degrees of lithification.
Variation of seasonal litterfall in subtropical montane cloud forests to typhoon severity and environmental factors
Authors: Huang Cho‐ying , Liu Hung‐Chi , Hu Kai‐Ting , Chung Chih‐Hsin , Wang Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForest litterfall is pivotal for biogeochemical cycles and for assessing the impacts of perturbations on ecosystems. Typhoon occurrence is the primary mechanism for producing litterfall; Taiwan is situated in one of the most frequently disturbed regions. However, no typhoons were recorded in 2018, only occurring three times since 1911. This rare occasion, along with the regular (2017) and extreme typhoon (2016) years, provides an opportunity to investigate the responses of typhoon‐prone forest ecosystems to a future climate scenario: Elevated temperatures amplify the intensity but reduce the frequency of typhoons. We compared three years (2016–2018) of summer typhoon season (July–October) mean monthly litterfall (MML) in the subtropical montane cloud forests of northeastern Taiwan, and investigated the relationships between MML/typhoon‐induced MML (ΔMML) and 17 biophysical, bioclimatic and topographic attributes. More MML was produced in 2016, caused by strong winds and heavy rainfall. However, there was no statistical difference between 2017 and 2018 since forests may also produce substantial amounts of litterfall in summer without typhoons. The relationship between ΔMML and 17 variables was relatively insensitive to typhoon severity. Variables associated with succession and forest management were crucial for modeling MML in the presence of typhoons, but none of them were pivotal for MML without typhoons. The mean air temperature and elevation (related to forest productivity) were crucial for MML without typhoons; surface curvature may form shelters to prevent extreme typhoon with reduced MML. These outcomes may shed light on future ecosystem dynamics in typhoon‐prone forests under a changing climate.Abstract in Mandarin is available with online material.
Unbundling female empowerment
Authors: Anderson Siwan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing push to place female empowerment at the centre of development policy because of its presumed link to poverty alleviation. This paper reflects on how the economics literature can contribute to a deeper understanding of this connection between female‐focused policy initiatives and broader economic outcomes. Female empowerment is a multi‐faceted concept that has grown to be appreciated by academics and policy‐makers alike, however, it is not well understood how the various dimensions interact and co‐evolve with each other and with society as a whole. Many policy objectives presume that different measures of female empowerment work in tandem. This paper, in contrast, argues that it is useful to conceptually “unbundle” female empowerment in a systematic way across multiple domains: within the household, within society as a whole and via the dynamics of norm formation. It highlights instead the complexity of interactions between these separate facets of female empowerment and extrinsic societal factors. This is important because overlooking these interactions across dimensions has the potential to lead policy astray.