bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contexts in negotiation
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how different contexts in negotiation require different mindsets, approaches, and behavioral choices. Contexts include the purpose of the negotiation, the subject matter of the negotiation (money, land, divisible, sharable), the number of and relationship of the parties (family, business, one-off, long term), publicity or privacy, number and content of issues, agency and accountability, voluntariness or compulsion, timing, deadlines, routineness, power-leverage of the parties, personal characteristics, demographics, personality, and what alternatives to negotiation are available. Each of these contexts is related to different choices about ends and means of negotiation strategies and tactics.
Complex multi-party multi-issue negotiations
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the variations of numbers of parties and issues and how negotiations involving more than two parties (dyadic) negotiations are different. With three or more negotiation parties there will be coalition formations, defections, problems of commitments, need for decision rules (voting), and determinations of what constitutes an agreement (consent of two is not enough). Complex negotiations require process and decision rule management—ground rules for speaking, voting rules for decision and agreement. There will be log rolling, partial agreements, and trades from one party to another, making negotiated agreements less stable without clear rules of process. This chapter provides examples from historical and common areas for group and complex negotiation—constitution making, democratic decision making, corporate and group action; governmental processes. In larger groups there may be choices about consensus rules, dissent, and a need to have a third party (leader, mediator, facilitator) manage the negotiation and decision process.
The future of negotiation
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter previews new and complicated uses of modern negotiation processes such as online contract formation and dispute resolution, electronic negotiation, customer service, virtual negotiation, asynchronous negotiation, hybrid negotiation (using different forms of negotiation, combined with other media or processes such as mediation, arbitration) and the development of new models of dispute system design and Ombuds services for consideration of management of iterated or internal negotiation issues (e.g. in employment, business, consumer relations). The chapter considers the place of negotiation in modern international relations—diplomacy, cultural and political conflicts, and peace-seeking efforts.
Music as technology
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter proposes a broad conception of music technology that includes acoustic and electronic instruments; engraving and printing; sound recording and playback; broadcasting; software; and even the human body. There are two main reasons for embracing this broad understanding of music technology. First, it allows us to see continuities and relationships obscured by the tendency to focus on the novel or disruptive aspects of technology. Second, an expansive view of technology can illuminate hidden cultural contexts and power dynamics. The chapter provides a brief history of music technology, explores debates about Auto-Tune in gospel music, and cites the adaptation of the harmonium in India and accordion in Madagascar to demonstrate why music technology must be understood in its cultural context.
Time
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Music is a time machine. More specifically, it is as a tool for taming time. Our fascination with time has led us to develop tools for marking and tracking it, from sundials and calendars to wristwatches and atomic clocks. Music, however, may be the tool that comes closest to controlling time, that is, our experience of it. This chapter explores how technologies of musical creation, preservation, and dissemination engage with the dimension of time, and thus shape how we experience and create music. Technologies explored include notation, the metronome, the click track, quantization, sound recording, and looping. Musical examples draw from Disney films, minimalism, Chopped and Screwed, Drum and Bass, and the music of Daphne Oram, The Beatles, and KT Tunstall.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Unmasked the Challenges Faced by Early-Stage Faculty in Infectious Diseases: A Call to Action
Authors: Scherer Erin M , Backer Martin , Carvajal Karen , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Frey Sharon , Howard Leigh M , Scaggs Huang Felicia , Kottkamp Angelica C , Reid Tara , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Stankiewicz Karita Helen C , Teoh Zheyi , Wald Anna , Whitaker Jennifer , Wiley Zanthia , Ofotokun Igho , Edwards Kathryn M ,   for the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRC) Mentorship Program Writing Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated increase in family care responsibilities resulted in unsustainable personal and professional workloads for infectious diseases (ID) faculty on the front lines. This was especially true for early-stage faculty (ESF), many of whom had caregiving responsibilities. In addition, female faculty, underrepresented in medicine and science faculty and particularly ESF, experienced marked declines in research productivity, which significantly impacts career trajectories. When combined with staffing shortages due to an aging workforce and suboptimal recruitment and retention in ID, these work-life imbalances have brought the field to an inflection point. We propose actionable recommendations and call on ID leaders to act to close the gender, racial, and ethnic gaps to improve the recruitment, retention, and advancement of ESF in ID. By investing in systemic change to make the ID workforce more equitable, we can embody the shared ideals of diversity and inclusion and prepare for the next pandemic.
GWAS of genetic factors affecting white blood cell morphological parameters in Sardinians uncovers influence of chromosome 11 innate immunity gene cluster on eosinophil morphology
Authors: Marongiu Michele , Pérez-Mejías Gonzalo , Orrù Valeria , Steri Maristella , Sidore Carlo , Díaz-Quintana Antonio , Mulas Antonella , Busonero Fabio , Maschio Andrea , Walter Klaudia , Tardaguila Manuel , Akbari Parsa , Soranzo Nicole , Fiorillo Edoardo , Gorospe Myriam , Schlessinger David , Díaz-Moreno Irene , Cucca Francesco , Zoledziewska Magdalena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyzing genetic regulation of morphological traits of white blood cells have been reported. We carried out a GWAS of 12 morphological traits in 869 individuals from the general population of Sardinia, Italy. These traits, included measures of cell volume, conductivity and light scatter in four white-cell populations (eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils). This analysis yielded seven statistically significant signals, four of which were novel (four novel, PRG2, P2RX3, two of CDK6). Five signals were replicated in the independent INTERVAL cohort of 11 822 individuals. The most interesting signal with large effect size on eosinophil scatter (P-value = 8.33 x 10−32, beta = −1.651, se = 0.1351) falls within the innate immunity cluster on chromosome 11, and is located in the PRG2 gene. Computational analyses revealed that a rare, Sardinian-specific PRG2:p.Ser148Pro mutation modifies PRG2 amino acid contacts and protein dynamics in a manner that could possibly explain the changes observed in eosinophil morphology. Our discoveries shed light on genetics of morphological traits. For the first time, we describe such large effect size on eosinophils morphology that is relatively frequent in Sardinian population.
An overview on elasmobranch release as a bycatch mitigation strategy
Authors: Wosnick Natascha , Giareta Eloísa Pinheiro , Leite Renata Daldin , Hyrycena Ingrid , Charvet Patricia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSharks and rays are among the most threatened vertebrates, mostly due to commercial fisheries. Data on incidental capture is sparse, but it is estimated that about 50% of reported global catches of elasmobranchs are from bycatch. Elasmobranchs are captured in a variety of fishing gear throughout the world. One promising strategy to minimize incidental catches is the release of live sharks and rays. However, so far, no critical analysis had been carried out to assess the importance of release as a measure to mitigate the impacts of bycatch. Results indicated that despite onboard releases being cited in Plans of Action (along ZEEs) and recommendations/regulations of Regional Fisheries Management Commissions (in international waters), this measure is treated as secondary and has voluntary adherence, which can significantly reduce its efficiency. Moreover, among the Best Fishing Practice Manuals currently available, although release is cited as a priority, most of them do not consider the dynamics of the location/fishing modality for which it was developed. A change on how release is perceived is needed to prioritize this conservation strategy, as well as its potential as a social tool to reduce the impacts of bycatch on sharks and rays.
The association between psychostimulant use in pregnancy and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes: results from a distributed analysis in two similar jurisdictions
Authors: Camacho Ximena , Zoega Helga , Gomes Tara , Schaffer Andrea L , Henry David , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Vigod Simone , Havard Alys 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Conflicting evidence suggests a possible association between use of prescribed psychostimulants during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods
We conducted population-based cohort studies including pregnancies conceived between April 2002 and March 2017 (Ontario, Canada; N = 554 272) and January 2003 to April 2011 [New South Wales (NSW), Australia; N = 139 229]. We evaluated the association between exposure to prescription amphetamine, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine or lisdexamfetamine during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, low birthweight, small for gestational age and neonatal intensive care unit admission. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores to balance measured confounders between exposed and unexposed pregnancies. Additionally, we restricted the Ontario cohort to social security beneficiaries where supplementary confounder information was available.

Results
In Ontario and NSW respectively, 1360 (0.25%) and 146 (0.10%) pregnancies were exposed to psychostimulants. Crude analyses indicated associations between exposure and nearly all outcomes [OR range 1.15–2.16 (Ontario); 0.97–2.20 (NSW)]. Nearly all associations were attenuated after weighting. Pre-eclampsia was the exception: odds remained elevated in the weighted analysis of the Ontario cohort (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.42–2.88), although some attenuation occurred in NSW (weighted OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.77–2.94) and upon restriction to social security beneficiaries (weighted OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.64–2.40), and confidence intervals were wide.

Conclusions
We observed higher rates of outcomes among exposed pregnancies, but the attenuation of associations after adjustment and likelihood of residual confounding suggests psychostimulant exposure is not a major causal factor for most measured outcomes. Our findings for pre-eclampsia were inconclusive; exposed pregnancies may benefit from closer monitoring.
20 New Insights on Data Integration and Artificial Intelligence to Predict Primiparous Lactation Curves Capturing Genotype-by-Environment Interactions
Authors: Zhang Fan , Weigel Kent , Cabrera Victor E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We are developing a Dairy Brain by applying precision dairy farming, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things with the aim to accomplish a near real-time, data-integrated, data-driven, continuous decision-making engine through which management decisions can be better informed by integrated data streams to improve the economics of the farm and to positively benefit the individual animal and the overall farm through descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. Within this general concept, we have developed a machine learning hybrid K-medoids, random forest and support vector regression (K-R-S) approach for predicting the lactation curves of individual primiparous cows within a targeted environment using monthly milk production data from their dams and paternal siblings for 6,400 calves born in Wisconsin farms in year 2016. Our K-R-S hybrid approach outperformed the mean of paternal siblings in predicting first lactation test-day milk yield of primiparous cows 74.2% of the predictions. The algorithm has the ability to predict all data points required to construct primiparous cows’ full lactation curves even before they have started their productive life. Our approach allows the genotype-by-environment interactions to be portrayed in the prediction algorithm. Our current model uses only test-day (monthly) production data, but the artificial intelligence architecture is prepared to accommodate more frequent farm records (e.g., daily milk records from milking parlor) or other phenotype measures such as reproductive or health parameters for better characterization of the animals and their production environment towards improved prediction accuracy. We envision the prediction architecture will serve as an engine of farm-specific continuous prediction relaying on a constant flux of integrated data from different farm data sources following the Dairy Brain notion of data integration, analytics, and decision making.
65 The Role of Livestock as up-Cyclers of Food by-Products and Waste
Authors: Ominski Kim , McAllister Tim A , Stanford Kim , Mengistu Genet , Gunte Kebebe E , Marcos Marcos , Wittenberg Karin , Omonijo Faith , White Jaime , Legesse Getahun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Food waste is a global dilemma with environmental, social and economic consequences. Environmental impacts of wasted food are substantial as it comprises the single largest category of organic matter in municipal landfills. Therefore, redirection of food waste from landfills is necessary to improve global food security and environmental sustainability issues. Livestock, with their capacity to “up-cycle” relatively low-quality feedstuffs into high quality protein, are an essential element of this solution. However, challenges regarding utilization of food waste for livestock production include regulatory restrictions, safety concerns and logistics associated with collection, transport and handling. Moreover, identifying industries with significant loss and waste resources along the supply chain, quantifying availability, and effective communication and coordination are necessary steps for large-scale diversion of food loss and waste to livestock feed. In Canada, Loop Resources is a one-of-a-kind organization that enables food wholesalers, retailers, and producers to divert unsaleable food away from landfill to local food banks and livestock farmers. They are working with retailers to divert 2.5 – 3.5 million kg of food waste/month to over 2500 farms across Canada. However, today’s diversity of by-products and urban setting for much of our food waste requires a diversity of solutions. Producer and processor incentives to recover more food will require investment to improve infrastructure and create market opportunities. Research to facilitate safe incorporation of food waste in animal feed is also a critical step toward changes in policy and regulation. In addition, comprehensive LCA-type assessments will shed light on the environmental benefits of replacing feed grains or forages with by-products or food waste. Finally, a coordinated approach requiring input from producers, food processors, feed suppliers, researchers, policy makers and retailers, is critical for the development of successful strategies for inclusion of food loss and waste in livestock diets.
148 Effect of Increasing Sodium Sulfate in Water on Intake on Ruminal Fermentation and the in Vitro Effect of Bismuth Subsalicylate on gas Production and NDF Digestibility
Authors: Evans Mikaela G , Ribeiro Gabriel O , Henry Darren H , Johnson Jordan A , Campbell John R , Waldner Cheryl , Penner Gregory B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated in vivo effects of increasing sulfate concentrations of drinking water on dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, ruminal fermentation, and apparent total-tract digestibility, and in vitro effects of water sulfate and bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) dose. Eight ruminal-cannulated beef heifers (382 ± 45 kg) were stratified into two complete and one incomplete 3×3 Latin squares with 28 d periods. Water contained 341 ± 29 (LS), 2,785 ± 71 (MS), or 4,948 ± 163 mg/L (HS) sulfate. Feed and water intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Ruminal gas samples were collected every 4 h on d 27 to analyze hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration. At the end of each period, digesta collected from heifers in the complete Latin squares were used for in vitro incubation to evaluate water sulfate and BSS dose (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% dry matter). Water intake was 7 L/d greater (P &lt; 0.01) for HS than LS, while MS did not differ. Water sulfate did not affect DMI, but total sulfur intake increased with increasing water sulfate concentration (P &lt; 0.01). Heifers drinking MS and HS had greater ruminal H2S for 10.5 h after water provision and HS continued to be greater for another 4 h relative to LS (sulfate hour, P &lt; 0.01). Ruminal SCFA concentration, molar proportions of major acids, and nutrient digestibility were not affected (P≥0.19). There were no interactions between water sulfate and BSS in vitro. In vitro H2S production (µg/48 h) increased with increasing sulfate concentration (P &lt; 0.01) and was reduced (P=0.05) by BSS inclusion. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by sulfate or BSS. Increasing water sulfate concentrations did not negatively affect water or feed intake but did increase H2S concentration and production in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Bismuth subsalicylate may be a potential strategy to reduce H2S production.
173 The North American Bison Management System: Reintroduction of a Species with Ecological, Economic, and Cultural Roles in a Changing Climate
Authors: Martin Jeff M , Cammack Kristi M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bison (Bison bison) restoration has profound implications for ecological, economic and cultural domains, especially restoration into their former historic ranges. Climate change and climate variability, however, threaten sustainable restoration progress. The historic range of bison centered on the prairies of the Great Plains but spanned from Alaska to Mexico and from the Pacific coast to Florida and Pennsylvania, land which is now primarily privately held. Today, 63% of the 184,000 privately owned bison are located in the northern Great Plains, with 12,000 additional bison in the public sector, and 20,000 additional bison in each of the non-profit NGO and Tribal sectors. This multi-sectoral production-conservation system is referred to as the bison management system (BMS) and all sectors are intricately and economically linked through the production market and the cross-transferal of surplus animals. Bison are native ecological keystone species in native prairies and help to restore ecosystems. Their innate wallowing behavior produces shallow bare-soil depressions which create habitat for many other prairie-inhabiting species. Because bison create these wallows by excavating, urinating, and rolling, they also open the seed bank and concentrate nutrient inputs, and in turn increase plant biodiversity in the immediately adjacent landscape. Economically, the bison market has grown over the past 20 years, with bison market returns 1.5–3.3 times that of cattle. Finally, bison repopulation on Tribal lands increases food sovereignty, enhances economic stability, and revitalizes cultural connections to Tribal lands. The newly established Center of Excellence for Bison Studies at South Dakota State University aims to advance research, education, and outreach that address issues associated with each the ecological, economic, and cultural domains throughout the BMS, and is especially focused on restoration challenges associated with climate change and climate variability in conservation and production settings.
287 Impact of pre- and Post-Natal Nutritional Extremes on Responsiveness of Ovariectomized, Sexually Mature Heifers to a Neurokinin B Agonist During Progesterone Dominance
Authors: Garza Viviana , Kellerman Julie I , Cardoso Rodolfo C , Williams Gary L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives were to test the hypothesis that nutritional extremes during prenatal development interact with postnatal nutrition during the juvenile period of heifers to impact KNDy neuron responsiveness to a neurokinin B (NKB) agonist (Senktide) during progesterone dominance. Heifers were selected from a larger population programmed nutritionally using a 3x2 factorial arrangement of pre- and post-natal diets. Bos indicus-influenced cows (n = 95) were fed to achieve body condition scores (BCS; 1-9 scale) of 3-3.5 (L; thin), 5.5-6 (M; moderate), or 7.5-8 (H; obese) by the onset of the third trimester and maintained thereafter. Heifer offspring were weaned at 3-3.5 mo of age and assigned to either a low- (L; 0.5 kg/day) or high-gain (H; 1 kg/day) diet until 8 mo of age, then fed a common diet until puberty. For the current experiment, heifers (n = 18; 6/group) representing LL, MH, and HH combinations were ovariectomized postpubertally (17.1 mo of age) and received estradiol (E2) replacement to maintain basal E2 concentrations at 2-4 pg/mL. To achieve progesterone dominance, 3 CIDR devices were placed intravaginally 6 days prior to the initiation of Senktide challenge. Heifers were sampled for a 4.5-h period and received intravenous injections of saline or Senktide (14.8 ug/kg I.V.) at 0, 90, and 180 min. Jugular blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for radioimmunoassay of LH. Irrespective of Senktide treatment, heifers in the MH group had greater pulse amplitudes (P = 0.016) and mean concentrations (P &lt; 0.0001) of LH compared with both the HH and LL groups. Senktide treatment increased (P = 0.003) concentrations of LH compared with saline in all groups; however, the response to Senktide was greatest in the MH group compared with HH and LL. Pre- and postnatal nutritional extremes appear to interact to impact KNDy neuron responsiveness to NKB receptor signaling in heifers.