bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving guideline‐concordant thromboprophylaxis prescribing for children admitted to hospital with COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Adam , Parsons Chase , Caplan Greg , Kelly Daniel P. , Duzan Julie , Drake Emily , Kumar Riten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of venous thrombo‐embolism (VTE) in hospitalized children has increased by 130%–200% over the last two decades. Given this increase, many centers utilize electronic clinical decision support (CDS) to prognosticate VTE risk and recommend prophylaxis. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) is a risk factor for VTE; however, CDS developed before the COVID‐19 pandemic may not accurately prognosticate VTE risk in children with COVID‐19. This study's objective was to identify areas to improve thromboprophylaxis recommendations for children with COVID‐19.MethodsInpatients with a positive COVID‐19 test at admission were identified at a quaternary‐care pediatric center between March 1, 2020 and January 20, 2022. The results of the institution's automated CDS thromboprophylaxis recommendations were compared to institutional COVID‐19 thromboprophylaxis guidelines and to the actual thromboprophylaxis received. CDS optimization was performed to improve adherence to COVID‐19 thromboprophylaxis recommendations.ResultsOf the 329 patients included in this study, 106 (28.2%) were prescribed pharmaco‐prophylaxis, 167 (50.8%) were identified by the institutional COVID‐19 guidelines as requiring pharmaco‐prophylaxis, and 45 (13.2%) were identified by the CDS as needing pharmaco‐prophylaxis. On univariate analysis, only age 12 years or more was associated with recipient of appropriate prophylaxis (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13–2.82, p = .013). Five patients developed VTEs; three had symptoms at presentation, two were identified as high risk for VTE by both the automated and best practice assessments but were not prescribed pharmaco‐prophylaxis.ConclusionAutomated thromboprophylaxis recommendations developed prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic may not identify all COVID‐19 patients needing pharmaco‐prophylaxis. Existing CDS tools need to be updated to reflect COVID‐19‐specific risk factors for VTEs.
Can you hear me now? Tools for cultivating a culture of respect, value, and appreciation within pediatric hematology, oncology, and cellular therapy
Authors: Tal Adit , Moerdler Scott , Fernández Cristina R. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Sakamoto Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) conducted a workshop “Can you hear me now? Cultivating a culture of respect, value, and appreciation within pediatric hematology/oncology” at their annual meeting in May 2022 in hopes of exploring how the members can enhance wellness in a climate of increasing diversity. Initiatives in the past have focused on personal care, but it has been widely shown that administrative and institutional driven initiatives are essential to create an environment of wellness. In this interactive workshop, we discovered that 22% of participants felt their institution does not instill a culture of respect. We offered tools to the audience on multiple levels: graceful self‐promotion, diversity and inclusion, and leadership perspective on creating a culture of respect to address the individual, local community, and top‐down leadership approaches. Here, we offer a summary on the content of the workshop, and expand upon many of the discussion points that were raised during the workshop. We bring forth novel information on each topic individually from diverse points of view, specific to the field of pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO). We aim to highlight the importance of creating a diverse and respectful work environment in PHO in hopes of ensuring motivated, satisfied, and fulfilled healthcare providers who feel appreciated and valued.
Data standards in pediatric oncology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Noyd David H. , Wood Nicole M. , Phillips Charles A. , Miller Tamara P. , Rubin Elyssa M. , Winestone Lena E. , Waanders Angela J. , Perentesis John P. , Aplenc Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this commentary, we highlight the central role that data standards play in facilitating data‐driven efforts to advance research in pediatric oncology. We discuss the current state of data standards for pediatric oncology and propose five steps to achieve an improved future state with benefits for clinicians, researchers, and patients.
Long‐term childhood cancer survival in Australia using period estimation
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Baade Peter D. , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstimates of childhood cancer survival are usually reported at 5 years after diagnosis only. Using cases prevalent between 2014 and 2018 from the population‐based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, we used the period method to calculate relative survival up to 20 years post diagnosis by cancer type. Twenty‐year relative survival for all childhood cancers combined (n = 14,353) was 83.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.6%–85.0%). Survival decreased only slightly after 10 years for most childhood cancers, except for some types of brain and liver tumours. These contemporary estimates of long‐term survival provide valuable information to assist childhood cancer patients and their families in planning for the future.
Adverse childhood experiences and resilience in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer patients
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay F. , Tan Marcia M. , McCrae Julie S. , Burkhardt Tiffany , Ness Kirsten K. , Henderson Tara O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChildhood and adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience poor health outcomes in adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) also portend poor health outcomes for the general population. Resilience can mitigate effects of ACEs. We examined the feasibility of assessing ACEs and resilience in childhood and AYA cancer patients. We also described occurrences of ACEs, resilience, and poor health outcomes. Of 52 participants, most rated their study experience favorably, with privacy in answering sensitive questions. Half reported ACEs, and those with ACEs had lower resilience; X2(3, N = 52) = 9.4, p = .02. Further investigations of ACEs and resilience in larger cohorts are warranted to delineate associations with long‐term health outcomes.
Polyurethane with nano‐SiO2 based surface sizing method for 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites
Authors: Jing Xishuang , Duan Yingzhu , Xie Fubao , Zhang Chengyang , Chen Siyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContinuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite 3D printing has drawn more attention due to its ability to manufacture composite structures with complex shapes. The surface treatment of CF is necessary to improve the combination between carbon fiber (CF) and matrix. In this work, polyurethane with nano‐SiO2 (PU/SiO2) was used to size CF to enhance the compatibility of CF and nylon 6 (PA6). The chemistry and morphology of the CF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interface strength between CF and PA6 was tested by the fiber pull‐out test, and eventually obtained optimized concertation of PU/SiO2 sizing agents (with 25 wt% PU and 0.4 wt% nano‐SiO2). The results show that compared with untreated CF, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF and PA6 after sizing increased by 316.93%. In addition, several CF/PA6 composite specimens printed by a homemade composite 3D printer were used to do mechanical tests. The results show that the flexural strength increased by 33.87%, the tensile strength increased by 20.75%, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) increased by 66.54%.
A dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermo‐viscoelastic model for the hot stamping simulation of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Yue Lingyu , Zhu Yingdan , Liu Dong , Yan Chun , Chen Gang , Chen Mingda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExisting hot stamping simulations are performed at the macroscopic scale, making optimizing process parameters for a new composite system time‐consuming. This paper develops a dual‐scale three‐dimensional thermos‐viscoelastic model based on a numerical homogenization approach to accurately predict the structural deformation of thermoplastic composite laminates during hot stamping. The viscoelastic homogenization model is developed on representative volume elements using temperature‐dependent viscoelastic parameters determined from thermo‐mechanical tests. The effective properties of the composites are identified from the homogenization results, which are then combined with the experimentally measured thermal behavior into a numerical model of the hot stamping process. The developed model is validated by the agreement between the finite element homogenization results and the predictions made using the determined parameters. The simulated warpage of the molded part also agrees well with the experimental measurements. The developed dual‐scale model can be used to predict the effective thermomechanical properties of composites. Moreover, it can also be integrated into numerical tools for structural design and process optimization of thermoplastic composites.
Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/zinc oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites for electrochemical applications
Authors: Albalawi Hind , Alharbi Ebtesam M. , Al‐Sulami Ahlam I. , Al‐Qahtani Noora , Farea Mohammed O. , Rajeh A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites films, based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and iron oxide nanorods (Fe3O4 NRs) as nanofiller, were prepared by solution casting technique. Different techniques were used to describe the prepared films. XRD and FTIR were used to pinpoint the complexation of the nanofiller with the polymer mixture. The XRD investigation verified the existence of the crystalline peaks of ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs in the polymeric matrices. The average particle size of nanocomposite was 23 nm. TEM image of the ZnO nanopowder confirming the spherical form of nanoparticles with average size 30 nm. The TEM image of Fe3O4 NRs reveals the free nanorods are around 9–23 nm in diameter and 130–350 nm in length. Peak positions and intensity variations in the FTIR absorption spectra are observed when the concentration increases from 2 to 8 wt% of ZnO NPs/Fe3O4 NRs. AC conductivity showed that the NaAlg/PVA‐(8 wt%) ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs nanocomposites have higher electrical conductivity than NaAlg/PVA blend. For samples of 8% ZnO/Fe3O4, the of nanocomposites reached 3.66 × 10−8 S cm−1. ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles considerably improved the nanocomposites' ability to conduct electricity. For the development of functional composite materials for the manufacture of electrical devices, sensors, and high‐energy storage capacitors, the enhanced characteristics of synthesized NaAlg/PVA‐ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be helpful.
Validation of safety outcomes in routinely collected data: Lessons learned from a multinational postapproval safety study
Authors: Arena Patrick J. , Huang Kui , Löfling Lukas , Bahmanyar Shahram , Mo Jingping , Schachterle Stephen E. , Nunes Anthony P. , Smits Elisabeth , Juuti Rosa , Hoti Fabian , Korhonen Pasi , Adelborg Kasper , Sundbøll Jens , Rasmussen Torben Riis , Løkke Anders , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Identifying genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance suitable for CRISPR/Cas9 editing in upland rice cultivars adapted to acid soils
Authors: Barrero Luz S. , Willmann Matthew R. , Craft Eric J. , Akther Kazi M. , Harrington Sandra E. , Garzon‐Martinez Gina A. , Glahn Raymond P. , Piñeros Miguel A. , McCouch Susan R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFive genes of large phenotypic effect known to confer abiotic stress tolerance in rice were selected to characterize allelic variation in commercial Colombian tropical japonica upland rice cultivars adapted to drought‐prone acid soil environments (cv. Llanura11 and Porvenir12). Allelic variants of the genes ART1, DRO1, SUB1A, PSTOL1, and SPDT were characterized by PCR and/or Sanger sequencing in the two upland cultivars and compared with the Nipponbare and other reference genomes. Two genes were identified as possible targets for gene editing: SUB1A (Submergence 1A), to improve tolerance to flooding, and SPDT (SULTR3;4) (SULTR‐like Phosphorus Distribution Transporter), to improve phosphorus utilization efficiency and grain quality. Based on technical and regulatory considerations, SPDT was targeted for editing. The two upland cultivars were shown to carry the SPDT wild‐type (nondesirable) allele based on sequencing, RNA expression, and phenotypic evaluations under hydroponic and greenhouse conditions. A gene deletion was designed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and specialized reagents were developed for SPDT editing, including vectors targeting the gene and a protoplast transfection transient assay. The desired edits were confirmed in protoplasts and serve as the basis for ongoing plant transformation experiments aiming to improve the P‐use efficiency of upland rice grown in acidic soils.
Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior
Authors: Scott Dakota G. , Cummock Nicholas R. , Son Steven F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe plethora of potential homemade explosive (HME) formulations combined with the fact they often exhibit large critical diameters make them expensive to characterize with traditional large‐scale tests. A relatively new method for small‐scale characterization was investigated using non‐ideal explosive charges consisting of ammonium nitrate (AN) and various fuels. Here, we extend this method using an optical characterization technique that utilizes the decay rate of the reaction wave velocity in failing detonations of sub‐critical diameter charges as a metric for the shock sensitivity of an explosive. The conditions required for successful detonation initiation and failure have long been used to investigate shock sensitivity (critical diameter, gap tests, run‐to‐detonation experiments); however, the failure regime still remains largely unexplored. The utility of this small‐scale characterization technique lies in its ability to determine the relative shock sensitivity of explosive with minimal material and experiments while simultaneously providing transient velocity data for potential use in modeling efforts. In this work, high speed imaging was used and analyzed to determine rates of reaction wave velocity decay in the AN‐fuel samples. Among the fuels tested with AN were diesel (ANFO), nitromethane (ANNM), and aluminum (AN−Al). It was found that nitromethane was the most effective at sensitizing the AN of the systems considered. In both ANNM and AN−Al, maximum shock sensitivity (here measured as the minimum reactive wave velocity decay rate) occurred at fuel percentages below stoichiometric mixtures. This was interpreted to be due to the competing effects of stoichiometry and hot spot criticality. Sensitivity results were compared to run‐to‐failure (RTF) distances and published critical diameter trends which showed good correlation.
A first principles study of nonlinear optical properties of a quinoline derivative
Authors: Medeiros Renato , Valverde Clodoaldo , Faizi Md. Serajul Haque , Jamal Asif , Osório Francisco A. P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA quinoline derivative, 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal packing behavior and intermolecular interactions were examined by Hirshfeld surface analyses, 2D fingerprint plots and QTAIM analysis. The second order nonlinear response of 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol molecule immersed in DMSO was investigated at PCM/DFT/CAM‐B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level. Theoretical calculations of the Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) first hyperpolarizability were performed using two different procedures, the Sum‐over‐states scheme and the energy derivative method from Gaussian16. The HRS first hyperpolarizability results were compared with obtained for other organic compounds and shown that the 4‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)aminophenol presents a good nonlinear optical response.
“Jobbos” and the “wageless life”: Exploring work and responsibility in the anti‐fracking movement in Lancashire, United Kingdom
Authors: O'Brien Sarah G.P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTDrawing on ethnographic research at an anti‐fracking encampment at Preston New Road (PNR) in Lancashire, England, this article explores activists' perceptions of work and responsibility. I examine their protest activities and explore how work is understood, disrupted, and contested; what this means for my interlocutors' engagement with monetary compensation; and how this is reinforced by the extractive nature of the activity they are contesting. I show how through protesting, monitoring, and maintaining a presence on site, interlocutors worked to ethically and materially disentangle themselves from the reality fueled by hydrocarbon extraction. While paid work was deemed ethically problematic in this context, at stake for my interlocutors was the web of relationships in which financial and practical support was received and shared. By drawing on research on activism and dynamics of prefiguration, I show how the work of activism at PNR was predicated on balancing agency with responsibility in a complex and powerful web of responsible relationships. Reconciling agency and responsibility was integral to the ethical orientations on which the anti‐fracking community was built and the realities it aspired to create.
One Stone, Two Birds: A Peptide‐Au(I) Infinite Coordination Supermolecule for the Confederate Physical and Biological Radiosensitization in Cancer Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Jing , Ma Fang , Gong Liuyun , Lu Yinliang , Xiao Weiping , Tang Hanmin , Gao Chengyi , Chen Yuetong , Ma Jun , Gao Zhan , Yan Jin , Han Suxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver half of cancer patients are subjected to radiotherapy, but owing to the deficient amount of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), a fair number of them suffer from radiotherapy resistance and the subsequent short‐term survival opportunity. To overcome it, many successes have been achieved in radiosensitizer discovery using physical strategy and/or biological strategy, but significant challenges remain regarding developing clinically translational radiosensitizers. Herein, a peptide‐Au(I) infinite coordination supermolecule termed PAICS is developed that combined both physical and biological radiosensitization and possessed pharmaceutical characteristics including adequate circulatory stability, controllable drug release, tumor‐prioritized accumulation, and the favorable body eliminability. As expected, monovalent gold ion endowed this supermolecule with high X‐ray absorption and the subsequent radiosensitization. Furthermore, a peptide targeting CRM1, is assembled into the supermolecule, which successfully activates p53 and apoptosis pathway, thereby further sensitizing radiotherapy. As a result, PAICS showed superior ability for radiotherapy sensitization in vivo and maintained a favorable safety profile. Thus, the PAICS reported here will offer a feasible solution to simultaneously overcome both the pharmaceutical obstacles of physical and biological radiosensitizers and will enable the development of a class of nanomedicines for tumor radiotherapy sensitization.
Gate‐Controlled Chiral Recognition and Spin Assessment with All‐Electric Hybrid Quantum Wire‐Based Transistors
Authors: Maity Arnab , Rapoport Shelley , Haick Hossam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe search for inexpensive and all‐electric tunable methods for portable and fast recognition and discrimination between various chiral enantiomers, mainly those found in the gas phase, has been one of the most challenging tasks in the field of analytical chemistry. The current article reports on a chiral sensitive electric architecture (CSEA) of a helical polyaniline (PANI)@carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid quantum‐wire based field effect transistor (FET) platform. The CSEA architecture exhibits gate‐controlled‐channel‐chirality modulation for the selective distinction of Limonene (S(+)/R(−)) at ≈12 V intervals. Typical gate‐modulated selectivity of S(+)‐Limonene and R(−)‐Limonene using two opposite helically turned hybrids, namely as, S‐PANI@CNT and R‐PANI@CNT are 6.5 and 2.8, respectively. Theoretical analysis and modelling relates the gas‐phase chiral quantum probe with spin‐channel modulation in CNT by Rashba spin‐orbit interaction. This is achieved by applied gate voltage, CNT's unique curved surface, adsorbed chiral adatom induced scattering center on the curved graphitic lattice and helicoid field from a synthetically prepared helical PANI@CNT hybrid interface.
Carrier‐Free H2O2 Self‐Supplier for Amplified Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yang Tianhao , Zhou Man , Gao Min , Qin Weiji , Wang Qian , Peng Hui , Yao Wanqing , Qiao Lei , He Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizes Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and draws extensive interest in tumor therapy. Nevertheless, high concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and insufficient endogenous H2O2 often cause unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a GSH‐depleting and H2O2 self‐providing carrier‐free nanomedicine that can efficiently load indocyanine green (ICG), β‐lapachone (LAP), and copper ion (Cu2+) (ICG‐Cu2+‐LAP, LICN) to mediate synergetic photothermal and chemotherapy in enhanced chemodynamic therapy is designed. The results show that LICNs successfully enter tumors owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Through the reductive intracellular environment, Cu2+ in LICN can react with intracellular GSH, alleviate the antioxidant capacity of tumor tissues, and trigger the release of drugs. When LICN is subjected to near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, enhanced photothermal effect and upregulated expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1) are observed. Meanwhile, the released LAP not only supports chemotherapy but also catalyzes NQO1 and produces sufficient endogenous H2O2, thereby increasing the efficiency of Cu+‐based Fenton‐like reaction. Notably, GSH depletion and H2O2 self‐sufficiency generate sufficient •OH and kill tumor cells with high specificity. Overall, the study provides an innovative strategy to self‐regulate GSH and H2O2 levels for effective anticancer therapy.