bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Last Interglacial subsurface warming on the Antarctic shelf triggered by reduced deep-ocean convection
Authors: Yeung Nicholas , Menviel Laurie , Meissner Katrin , Choudhury Dipayan , Ziehn Tilo , Chamberlain Matthew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The global mean sea-level was likely ∼3-6 m higher at the Last Interglacial (LIG) compared to pre-industrial (PI), with an Antarctic contribution estimated at 3 to 5 m sea-level equivalent. Antarctic ice-sheet modelling studies suggest that such an ice-mass loss from Antarctica requires a subsurface warming on the Antarctic shelf of ∼3◦C compared to PI. Here we show that such a subsurface warming is simulated in an equilibrium experiment of the LIG performed with a comprehensive Earth System Model. Reduced deep-ocean convection in the Weddell and Ross Seas, arising from reduced sea-ice cover, are the primary drivers of this subsurface warming, reaching +2.4◦C at 430 m depth. The associated changes in meridional density gradients and surface winds lead to a weakened Antarctic Circumpolar Current but strengthened Antarctic Slope Current, which further impact subsurface temperatures
around both East and West Antarctica, with a maximum warming of +3.1◦C at 125 m depth on the East Antarctic shelf. Higher SST and reduced sea-ice formation in the Southern Ocean thus increase ocean stratification and lead to a subsurface warming on the Antarctic shelf, with the potential to trigger ice-mass loss from the Antarctic ice-sheet.
Effect of the degree of displacement of single fracture fragment on healing of femoral shaft fracture treated by intramedullary nailing
Authors: Yang Shuo , Yang Yelin , Huo Yongfeng , Yu Jian , Sheng Luxin , Sun Xiao , Liu Xinhui , Yin Jian , Yin Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of the degree of displacement of a femoral shaft fracture with a single fracture fragment on fracture healing after intramedullary nailing. Methods: 216 patients with closed comminuted femoral fracture admitted to Lianyungang Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from February 2010 to February 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 142 were males and 74 were females, the mean age was 38 (17–64) years, and 95 cases were on the right, while 121 cases were on the left. All patients were treated with a femoral interlocking intramedullary nail. Referring to the femoral shaft diameter, the degree of displacement of the fracture fragment was classified into four grades: grade Ⅰ (displacement was less than a third of the diameter of the shaft): 121 cases; grade Ⅱ (greater than a third of the diameter and less than two thirds): 52 cases; grade Ⅲ (greater than two thirds of the diameter): 28 cases; and grade Ⅳ (fracture fragment turnover): 15 cases. According to the radiographic union score of the femur, the fracture union rate and the mean union time of the fracture, the effect of the degree of displacement of the fracture fragment on fracture healing were evaluated. Results: All the indexes of the four graded groups were statistically significant. The best fracture healing was the grade Ⅰ displacement, with a fracture union rate of 89.2% and a mean union time of 7.7 months. The poorest fracture healing was for the grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ displacements, with a union rate of 25.0% and 20.0%, respectively, and a mean union time of 13.7 months and 17.0 months, respectively. The union rate was 65.4% and the mean union time was 8.7 months for grade Ⅱ displacement. Conclusions: A fracture fragment with grade Ⅰ displacement requires no intervention, whereas fractures with grade Ⅳ displacement should be reduced to as near as possible to the diaphyseal bone defect to avoid nonunion. Fracture fragments with the grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ displacement should be treated with closed reduction whenever possible to achieve a displacement within the range of grade Ⅰ to minimize the incidence of nonunion.
Atmospheric Moisture Sources Of Drought And Wet Events During 1979-2019 In The Three-River Source Region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Rong , Wang Xin , Wang Zuoliang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The soil moisture observation data from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost and alpine wetland (PAW) monitoring network and from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final (NCEP-FNL) from 1989 to 2019 were adopted to drive the Lagrangian backward trajectory model to simulate the water vapour transportation paths and source regions to the three-river source region during dry and wet episodes. The results showed that the water vapour transport paths mainly came from the land and ocean in the west during the extreme drought episodes based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI), including the northern African continent, the eastern European plains, and the mid-latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean. The water vapour source regions were mainly concentrated in the Kashmir region, northeast India and southern Motuo on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. When the SPI indicated an extremely wet state, the transport mainly occurred to the east and south, including the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, where water vapour entered the mainland from East/South China, passed through the Yangtze River Basin, and finally reached the three-river source region from east or south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while the water vapour from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea passed through the Indian Peninsula and the Bay of Bengal and entered the three-river source region from the western and southern sides of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
CBCT Analysis Of Crestal Soft Tissue Thickness Before Implant Placement And Its Relationship With Cortical Bone Thickness
Authors: Cui Xiaoxi , Reason Tyler , Pardi Vanessa , Wu Qiang , Luna Acela A. Martinez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The importance of crestal soft tissue thickness and its influence in peri-implant tissue health has been evaluated in few clinical studies. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging offers a unique opportunity to investigate variations in crestal soft tissue thickness. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation between crestal soft tissue thickness and hard tissue measurements on CBCT images, and to compare crestal soft tissue thickness among different patient and edentulous site groups. Methods: CBCT images of partially edentulous adult patients treated at ECU School of Dental Medicine were evaluated. 160 patients with 189 edentulous sites were included. Demographic data were collected from electronic health records. Cross-sectional CBCT images at the center of each edentulous site were used to measure soft tissue and hard tissue parameters. Linear mixed models were used to compare crestal soft tissue thickness and hard tissue measurements by gender, age groups, and edentulous sites. Pearson correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between crestal soft tissue thickness and different hard tissue measurements. Association between crestal soft tissue thickness and independent variables (gender, age groups, edentulous sites) was evaluated using repeated measure logistic regression, while the crestal soft tissue thickness was dichotomized by a threshold of 2mm.Results: Mean age of patients included was 60 (range 21 to 81 years). Female to male ratio was 0.96. Mean crestal soft tissue thickness of all patients was 2.09mm. Mean thickness of cortical bone at alveolar crest was 0.94mm. Thickness of buccal and lingual cortical plates 5mm apical to alveolar crest were 1.14mm and 1.56mm, respectively. Pearson’s correlation showed moderate positive correlation among hard tissue measurements, but weak correlation between soft tissue thickness and hard tissue measurements. Anterior sites [OR=3.277 (1.238-8.671)] had higher odds of presenting with more than 2mm of soft tissue at the alveolar crest. Conclusions: More than half of the patients had crestal soft tissues at edentulous sites thicker than 2mm. Thickness of crestal soft tissue was not significantly associated with hard tissue measurements. Edentulous anterior sites presented with thicker crestal soft tissue at alveolar crest as compared to posterior sites.
Vagus nerve stimulation recruits the central cholinergic system to enhance perceptual learning
Authors: Martin Kathleen , Papadoyannis Eleni , Schiavo Jennifer , Fadaei Saba , Temiz Nesibe , McGinley Matthew , McCormick David , Froemke Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Perception can be refined by experience up to certain limits. It is unclear if limitations are absolute or could be partially overcome via enhanced neuromodulation and/or plasticity. Recent studies highlight the utility of peripheral nerve stimulation - specifically vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) - for altering neural activity and augmenting experience-dependent plasticity, although little is known about central mechanisms recruited by VNS. Here we developed an auditory discrimination task for mice implanted with a VNS electrode. VNS occurring during behavior gradually improved discrimination abilities beyond the level achieved by training alone. Using two-photon imaging, we identified changes to auditory cortical responses and activation of cortically-projecting cholinergic axons with VNS. Anatomical and optogenetic experiments revealed that VNS seemed to enhance task performance via activation of the central cholinergic system. These results highlight the importance of cholinergic modulation for the efficacy of VNS, perhaps enabling further refinement of VNS methodology for clinical conditions.
A prompt based approach for apple disease classification
Authors: sheng xing , Zhang Yangyang , Lyu Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Apples occupy a large part of agricultural production as a fruit with a high yield and also a high nutritional value. However, diseases of the fruit and leaves of apples seriously affect the quality and yield of apples. In the past, people had to rely on their own experience to control apple diseases, however, this approach was poorly accurate, inefficient and did not meet the requirements of fruit farmers. Many current methods are based on convolutional neural networks, but convolutional neural networks usually require a large amount of labelled data to train the network, and datasets in the agricultural eld can hardly meet this requirement.Results: To solve this problem, this paper introduces zero-times learning, which can achieve equally good results even if the test object is a dataset that has never been seen before. Specifically, we give a short description of an image as a prompt word according to its category in the public dataset, form a graphical pair of the image to be trained and the corresponding prompt word, feed them into a deep convolutional neural network, and then pre-train it on a large public dataset, and migrate it directly to our dataset after the training is completed, saving a lot of resources. In addition, we also propose a new attention module WPM (Weighted-Pooling Module) to deeply mine feature vectors by combining weighted pooling operations with fully connected operations and activation functions. Through extensive experiments, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach of combining zero-times learning with prompt words and achieve good results on our own collected eld dataset.Conclusions: Our work provides new ideas and resource savings for disease classification tasks in agriculture.
The GAMA Approach for the Analysis of Large Germplasm Collections: Genetic Diversity and Landscape Genomics of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Landraces in Brazil
Authors: Ariani Andrea , Burle Marilia Lobo , Noronha Sérgio Eustáquio , Gepts Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential staple crop in the Brazilian diet, being the major source of dietary protein in this tropical country. In addition, Brazil is also one the biggest producer and consumer of this crop worldwide. Brazil covers a wide and diverse geographical area in South America, where common bean is cultivated both in tropical climates in the North and Central regions, or sub-tropical ones in the South. This climatic diversity in Brazil is reflected in the wide genetic diversity of Brazilian common bean landraces, which could represent an important resource for breeding improvement of this crop. In the current study, we characterized the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in a collection of 274 georeferenced Brazilian landraces using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms obtained with Genotype-By-Sequencing. We integrated geographic information system, climatic conditions, agronomic (market class information), and molecular diversity analyses, labeled here GAMA (Geographic Agronomic Molecular Approach), to identify patterns of selection in this collection. This combined landscape genomic analysis allowed the identification of candidate genes or genomic regions related to abiotic stress response in this species, but also possible donor accessions for drought and heat tolerance in this collection. This information can facilitate the pre-selection of smaller samples of Brazilian landraces diversity and identify candidate markers and genes for in-depth evaluation in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of this crop.
The national, longitudinal NASCITA Cohort study: starting population profile
Authors: Pandolfini Chiara , Clavenna Antonio , Cartabia Massimo , Bonati Maurizio , Group NASCITA Work 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background We set up a national level, population-based, prospective cohort study, the NASCITA Study, to better understand the early health status of Italian children and how it is affected by social and health determinants. Physical, cognitive, and psychological development of children during the first six years of life, and potentially associated factors, will be evaluated.Methods Participating paediatricians enrolled, during their first well-child visit, all infants born April 2019 - July 2020. Multiple health outcomes will be studied, spanning child development and illness, as well as potentially related factors including parental characteristics and caregiving routines. We present the data on the entire enrolled population of 5054 newborns, at the time of their first out-of-hospital visit.ResultsMost mothers (86.6%) were born in Italy. Average age at delivery was 33.1 years. Folic acid supplementation was taken appropriately by 36.1% of mothers. One fourth (25.3%) of mothers was overweight or obese. In all, 31.7% were caesarean deliveries. Concerning the newborns, 6.2% were born prematurely and 7.9% were born with a neonatal disease. The exclusive breastfeeding rate at one month of age was 63.6%.North-South differences were found in all areas, including parental education, behaviours in pregnancy (e.g., folic acid supplementation) and afterwards (e.g., breast feeding), and hospital practices (e.g., caesarean section).When compared with national level data, the distribution of the cohort population, maternal socio-demographic characteristics, and newborn physical characteristics reflect those of the Italian population.ConclusionsThe large geographical differences in the attitudes of parents and healthcare professionals call for interventions to improve adherence to evidence based good practices associated with better neonatal growth and development. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03894566
Enhanced echo intensity of skeletal muscle is associated with poor physical function in hemodialysis patients：a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Dongsheng , Wu Junzhen , Luo Haiqing , Ren Shunrong , Shen Longxiang , Wang Niansong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ultrasound echo intensity (EI) of skeletal muscle and physical function of patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: Cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean EI of the right rectus femoris were measured by ultrasound to evaluate the quantity and quality of the muscle, respectively. Physical function was measured by handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, sit-to-stand 60 s (STS-60) test, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale.Results: A total of 107 patients on hemodialysis were included, with women accounting for 37.3% (n = 40), and a mean age of 53.53 ± 12.52 years. Among the patients on hemodialysis, EI was moderately and negatively correlated with HGS (r = −0.467, P < 0.001), gait speed (r = −0.285, P = 0.003), and STS-60 (r = −0.313, P = 0.001). Multiple regression analyses adjusted for CSA showed that the enhanced EI of patients on hemodialysis remained associated with worse HGS (β = −0.207, P = 0.047), lower gait speed (β = −0.002, P = 0.001), less STS-60 (β = −0.136, P = 0.049), and a higher likelihood of dependency in IADL (Odds Ratio: 1.070, 95% CI: [1.033–1.111], P = 0.001).Conclusions: In patients on hemodialysis, enhanced EI in the skeletal muscle measured via ultrasound was correlated with poor physical performance. The combined muscle quality and muscle quantity evaluation provides more information for assessing the level of physical function of the patients.
Nocturnal enuresis in early adolescence and neurodevelopmental delay in infancy: a population-based study
Authors: Kanata Sho , Ando Shuntaro , Yamasaki Syudo , Fujikawa Shinya , Morimoto Yuko , Endo Kaori , Kiyono Tomoki , Morita Masaya , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Nishida Atsushi , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives: The neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis may explain the mechanism of nocturnal enuresis (NE), but whether the hypothesis holds in early adolescence remains unknown, considering NE frequency. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether the neurodevelopmental delays in infancy were associated with the frequency of NE in early adolescence.Methods: Data were extracted from the Tokyo Early Adolescence Survey, in which 4,478 children (10.2 years) and their parents participated. Developmental delays were extracted from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. The NE frequency was obtained from a parent-answered questionnaire (frequent; ≥2 times a week). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether delayed developmental milestones in infancy were predictive of frequent/infrequent NE in early adolescence.Results: Developmental delays, particularly those related to motor development but not verbal, such as holding their head up (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval (CI)]=2.1[1.1–4.2]), crawling (2.1[1.0–4.4]), walking with support (4.0[1.9–8.4]), walking independently (5.8[2.2–15.4]), and drawing a circle (5.0[2.0–12.3]) were significantly associated with an increased risk of frequent NE in early adolescence (all ps<.05). However, an association with infrequent NE was not found.Conclusions: This population-based epidemiological study revealed that motor developmental delays increased the risk of frequent NE in early adolescents, except for infrequent NE; this finding reinforces the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, which provides a biological explanation for the involuntary nature of enuresis. All children in early adolescence with frequent NE should be evaluated and treated by a medical expert.
Machine Learning Impact Assessment Of Climate Factors On Daily Covid-19 Cases
Authors: Afrifa Stephen , Ato Essien Felix , Appiahene Peter , Wiafe Isaac , Gyening Rose-Mary Owusuaa Mensah , Opoku Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (also known as COVID-19) is a vastly infectious virus instigated by the coronavirus-2, which causes severe acute respiratory illness (SARS-Cov-2). Scientists and researchers are conducting a number of studies to better understand the COVID-19 pandemic's behavioral nature and spread, and machine learning provides useful tools. We used machine learning techniques to study the effect of climate conditions on daily instances of COVID-19 in this study. The study has three main objectives: first, to investigate the most climatic features that could affect the spread of novel COVID-19 cases; second, to assess the influence of government strategies on COVID-19 using our dataset; third, to do a comparative analysis of two different machine learning models, and develop a model to predict accurate response to the most features on COVID-19 spread. The goal of this research is to assist health-care facilities and governments with planning and decision-making. The study compared random forest and artificial neural network models for analysis. In addition, feature importance among the independent variables (climate variables) were identified with the random forest. The study used publicly available datasets of COVID-19 cases from the World Health Organization and climate variables from National Aeronautics and Space Administration websites respectively. Our results showed that relative humidity and solar had significant impact as a feature of weather variables on COVID-19 recorded cases; and that random forest predicted accurate response to the most climatic features on COVID-19 spread. Based on this, we propose the random forest model to predict COVID-19 cases using weather variables.
Sampled-Data Exponential Synchronization of Markovian Jump Chaotic Lur'e Systems with Multiple Time Delays
Authors: Yang Te , Wang Zhen , Huang Xia , Xia Jianwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This paper studies the mean square exponential synchronization control of the Markovian jump chaotic Lur'e systems (MJCLSs) with multiple time delays via aperiodic sampling. Firstly, by introducing the mode-dependent single/double integral terms and considering the system state at the sampling instant, a new mode-dependent Lyapunov functional based on the looped-functional is constructed. On the basis of the constructed functional and by estimating the expectation of the solution of MJCLSs with multiple time delays, an exponential synchronization criterion in the mean square sense is presented. Then, based on the obtained stability conditions, a design method for aperiodic sampled-data controller (ASDC) to ensure the exponential synchronization is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated by the Chua’s circuit model and a neural network model. Compared with the existing literature, an admissible larger upper bound of sampling period can be obtained.
Long Non-coding RNA LINC02679 Regulates TRIML2 Expression to Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting miR-5004-3p
Authors: Tan  , Li Yong , Chen Zihao , Zhao Qun , Tan Ming , Zhao Yijie , Xia Yuxiang , Fan Liqiao , Liu Wenbo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in regulating the development, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the specific clinical value and mechanism of LINC02679, a lncRNA family member, is not clear. This study explored the mechanism of action of LINC02679 by measuring LINC02679 expression in gastric tissues and cells and explored the role it played in gastric cancer in a series of experiments, including bioinformatics, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), cell activity, invasion and migration, protein expression and dual-luciferase reporter gene analyses. The bioinformatics and verification test results indicated that LINC02679 expression in gastric cancer tissue and cells was higher than that in normal tissue and cells and that LINC02679 overexpression was a marker of a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. By regulating the expression of LINC02679 in cells, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and related gene expression changed. The results of the in vivo experiments were consistent with those of the cell experiments. Further exploration revealed that LINC02679 carried out its functional role by regulating the miR-5004-3p/tripartite motif family-like 2 (TRIML2) pathway via sponge.This study demonstrated that LINC02679 targeted TRIML2 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and that LINC02679 might serve as a target gene in the treatment of gastric cancer.