bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic theory of the polaron spectral function
Authors: Kabanov V V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An analytic theory for the spectral function for electrons coupled with phonons is formulated in the adiabatic limit. In the case when the chemical potential is large and negative μ → − ∞ the ground state does not have the adiabatic deformation and the spectral function is defined by the standard perturbation theory. In this limit we use the diagram technique in order to formulate an integral equation for the renormalized vertex. The spectral function was evaluated by solving the Dyson’s equation for the self-energy with the renormalized vertex. The moments of the spectral function satisfy the exact sum rules up to the 7th moment. In the case when the chemical potential is pinned at the polaron binding energy the spectral function is defined by the ground state with a nonzero adiabatic deformation. We calculate the spectral function with the finite polaron density in the adiabatic limit. We also demonstrate how the sum rules for higher moments may be evaluated in the adiabatic limit. Contrary to the case of zero polaron density the spectral function with the finite polaron concentration has some contributions which are characteristic for polarons.
Ecosystem services of ‘Trees Outside Forests (TOF)’ and their contribution to the contemporary sustainability agenda: a systematic review
Authors: Peros Colin Scott , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Estoque Ronald C , Basu Mrittika 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trees Outside Forests (TOF) were recognized in the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization’s 2000 Global Forest Resource Assessment as an essential component of sustainable development. Today, however, TOF remain an undervalued resource, with no comprehensive review of the wide spectrum of ecosystem services that are provided by TOF nor of the diversity of tree species that comprises TOF globally. Thus, a global analysis of TOF is vital to quantify their contribution to sustainable development and international climate initiatives. We reviewed the scientific literature to (1) classify and compile a repository of information on TOF resources, including the types of ecosystem services provided by TOF, geographic distribution, land-use type, and spatial pattern; and (2) document the diversity of tree species that comprises TOF globally. After screening the literature, 203 species of TOF were investigated across 20 countries in the 28 articles that we analyzed; another 15 articles across 57 countries did not include taxonomic information. Our results showed that the global distribution of TOF studies was biased toward Europe, revealing data deficiencies across the Global South, despite its contribution to biodiversity and ecosystem services. We also observed a bias in ecosystem service type toward regulating and supporting services, with studies lacking in cultural and provisioning services provided by TOF. Furthermore, studies conducted in urban areas were also lacking. To realize the full potential of TOF for sustainable development and climate initiatives, we conclude that a more holistic understanding of their ecosystem services must be established under national and intergovernmental reporting mechanisms.
Impact of atomic defects in the electronic states of FeSe

1−x

S

x

superconducting crystals
Authors: Aragón Sánchez Jazmín , Amigó María Lourdes , Belussi Cristian Horacio , Ale Crivillero María Victoria , Suárez Sergio , Guimpel Julio , Nieva Gladys , Esteban Gayone Julio , Fasano Yanina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The electronic properties of Fe-based superconductors are drastically affected by deformations on their crystal structure introduced by doping and pressure. Here we study single crystals of FeSe

1
−
x

S
x
and reveal that local crystal deformations such as atomic-scale defects impact the spectral shape of the electronic core level states of the material. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy we image S-doping induced defects as well as diluted dumbbell defects associated with Fe vacancies. We have access to the electronic structure of the samples by means of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and show that the spectral shape of the Se core levels can only be adequately described by considering a principal plus a minor component of the electronic states. We find this result for both pure and S-doped samples, irrespective that in the latter case the material presents extra crystal defects associated to doping with S atoms. We argue that the second component in our XPS spectra is associated with the ubiquitous dumbbell defects in FeSe that are known to entail a significant modification of the electronic clouds of surrounding atoms.
Characterization and modeling of spiking and bursting in experimental NbO
x
neuron
Authors: Drouhin Marie , Li Shuai , Grelier Matthieu , Collin Sophie , Godel Florian , Elliman Robert G , Dlubak Bruno , Trastoy Juan , Querlioz Damien , Grollier Julie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hardware spiking neural networks hold the promise of realizing artificial intelligence with high energy efficiency. In this context, solid-state and scalable memristors can be used to mimic biological neuron characteristics. However, these devices show limited neuronal behaviors and have to be integrated in more complex circuits to implement the rich dynamics of biological neurons. Here we studied a NbO
x
memristor neuron that is capable of emulating numerous neuronal dynamics, including tonic spiking, stochastic spiking, leaky-integrate-and-fire features, spike latency, temporal integration. The device also exhibits phasic bursting, a property that has scarcely been observed and studied in solid-state nano-neurons. We show that we can reproduce and understand this particular response through simulations using non-linear dynamics. These results show that a single NbO
x
device is sufficient to emulate a collection of rich neuronal dynamics that paves a path forward for realizing scalable and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing paradigms.
Reliable Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Major Depression
Authors: Manning Kevin J , Wu Rong , McQuoid Douglas R , Steffens David C , Potter Guy G 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveMajor depression in older adults increases the statistical likelihood of dementia. It is challenging to translate statistical evidence of cognitive decline at the group level into knowledge of individual cognitive outcomes. The objective of the current study is to investigate 2-year reliable cognitive change in late-life depression (LLD), which will enhance understanding of cognitive changes in LLD and provide a means to assess individual change.MethodsIn a sample of non-depressed cognitively normal older adults or NDCN (n = 113), we used linear regression to predict tests of global cognition, processing speed-executive functioning, and memory administered 1 and 2 years later. Stepwise regression was used to select covariates among demographics and raw test scores (either baseline or year 1) and we cross-validated the final models using the predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS). We then derived a z-change score from the difference between actual and predicted follow-up scores and investigated the proportion of LLD patients (n = 199) and NDCN adults who experienced reliable “decline” (a z-score &lt; −1.645), “stability” (z-scores between + − 1.645), and “improvement” (z scores &gt; +1.645).ResultsA greater proportion LLD compared with NDCN experienced cognitive decline in processing speed/executive functioning and global cognition over 2 years. When compared to NDCN, a greater proportion of LLD also significantly improved on one test of processing speed over 2 years.ConclusionsOlder adults with LLD are at risk of meaningful cognitive decline over a relatively short period, particularly in the domain of executive functioning and processing speed. This study provides a series of reliable change equations for common neuropsychological tests that can be applied clinically.
Comparison of six frailty instruments in adults with heart failure: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: McDonagh Julee , Ferguson Caleb , Prichard Roslyn , Chang Sungwon , Philips Jane L , Davidson Patricia M , Newton Phillip J , Macdonald Peter S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
To compare the frailty prevalence and predictive performance of six frailty instruments in adults with heart failure and determine the feasibility of study methods.

Methods and results
Prospective cohort pilot study. Adults aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of heart failure in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Frailty Phenotype; the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument (SHARE-FI); St Vincent’s Frailty instrument; St Vincent’s Frailty instrument plus cognition and mood; The Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale; and the Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI) were compared. Multiple logistic regression was used to develop six frailty instrument models to evaluate the association between each frailty instrument and composite all-cause rehospitalization and mortality at 12 months. One hundred and thirty-one patients were included with a mean age of 54 [± 14(SD)]. Frailty prevalence ranged from 33 to 81%. All instruments except one (the FRAIL scale) appeared to signal an increased odds of rehospitalization and/or mortality, yet these results were non-significant. The six frailty instrument models displayed sensitivity between 88–92% and C-statistic values of 0.71–0.73, suggesting satisfactory discrimination.

Conclusion
The prevalence of frailty varied across six frailty instruments yet was in the higher range despite a ‘younger’ heart failure cohort. Further research is required to confirm the psychometric properties of these instruments for routine clinical use in an adequately powered and more diverse heart failure cohort.
Introducing multiple-gene mutations in Pleurotus ostreatus using a polycistronic tRNA and CRISPR guide RNA strategy
Authors: Xu Haibo , Nakazawa Takehito , Zhang Yufan , Oh Minji , Bao Dapeng , Kawauchi Moriyuki , Sakamoto Masahiro , Honda Yoichi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is an agaricomycete that is frequently used in molecular genetics studies as many useful tools are applicable to the fungus. In particular, efficient gene targeting using homologous recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 enables the introduction of a mutation in the gene of interest for functional analysis. Multiple genes encoding various lignocellulose-degrading enzymes are predicted to be present in the genome; therefore, analyses of multiple-gene mutants are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying lignocellulose degradation by P. ostreatus. Conventional tools for generating multiple-gene mutations in P. ostreatus are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, more efficient and practical methods are needed. In this study, we introduced CRISPR/Cas9-assisted multiple-gene mutations using a polycistronic tRNA and CRISPR guide RNA approach. The frequency (triple-gene mutation in fcy1, vp2, and   62347) was only 3.3% when a tetracistronic tRNA-sgRNA containing four different sgRNAs targeting fcy1, vp2, vp3, or   62347 was expressed. It increased to 20% (triple-gene mutation in vp1, vp2, and vp3) after a tricistronic tRNA-sgRNA was expressed with replaced/modulated promoter and tRNA sequences. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the applicability of a strategy to induce multiple-gene mutations in P. ostreatus in a transformation experiment.
Resorcinol alleviates alpha-terpineol-induced cell death in Schizosaccharomyces pombe via increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme Sod2
Authors: Agus Hizlan Hincal , Cetin Ahsen , Ozdemir Nurcan , Ozbay Melis Gulay , Caglar Muhammet Ali , Sariyildiz Mehmet Ali , Yildiz Umut 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alpha-terpineol, popular monoterpenoid alcohol, is known to cause cytotoxicity in a few cancer cells or to have antioxidant activity, but underlying mechanisms or apoptotic processes in yeast cell death should be understood. We used the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a unicellular model to monitor cellular toxicology and physiological mechanisms for the involvement of alpha-terpineol in cell death. Alpha-terpineol caused Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and following cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of oxidative stress was proved using sod1 and sod2 mutants (antioxidant-limited cells), and the results showed that apoptosis was caused by alpha-terpineol-driven oxidation. In addition, resorcinol, a herbal extract from medicinal plants, showed protective activity against alpha-terpineol cytotoxicity. Survival rates, apoptotic cell death ratios, oxidation levels, and antioxidant gene expressions were completely altered; surprisingly sod1 and sod2 levels dramatically increased. However, sod2 was highly upregulated in response to resorcinol treatment with alpha-terpineol. The potential role of the Sod2 enzyme was proved using sod2 mutant cells that do not have a mitochondrial radical-clearing activity. Consequently, the dose-dependent and ROS-mediated cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of alpha-terpineol and the Sod2-dependent protective and antioxidant effects of resorcinol were demonstrated in unicellular model organism S. pombe by this study.
Widowhood and Mortality Among Chinese Older Adults in Singapore: The Roles of Gender and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Barrenetxea Jon , Feng Qiushi , Gu Danan , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the association between widowhood and mortality is well established, the impact of widowhood on mortality could differ by social support, gender, and widowhood duration. We studied the association between widowhood and mortality among older Chinese adults in Singapore and analyzed how social support, gender, and widowhood duration may modify this association.MethodsWe used data from 15,858 participants aged 61–96 years from the third follow-up of the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study in 2014–2016. Mortality data were obtained through linkage with the national death registry through 31st December 2018, and social support was measured with the Duke Social Support Scale. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between widowhood and mortality risk.ResultsCompared with those married, widowed adults had a higher mortality risk (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.38), and this risk was higher for those who were either recently widowed (&lt;5 years; HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00–1.63) or long-term widowed (&gt;10 years; HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07–1.54). Among men, those recently widowed had the highest mortality risk (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06–2.13), whereas, among women, those long-term widowed had the highest mortality risk (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.99–1.60). In the analysis stratified by social support, widowhood was associated with mortality among those with low social support (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05–1.54), but not among those with high social support (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.76–1.33).DiscussionWidowhood was associated with increased mortality risk, particularly among recently widowed men and long-term widowed women. Having adequate social support could attenuate the adverse effects of widowhood among older adults.
Covid-19-Stress Associated With Worse Sleep Quality, Particularly With Increasing Age
Authors: Lee Kyoungeun , Sayre Brialisse , Martin Sophia , James Taylor A , Duarte Audrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Based on socioemotional selectivity theory, one might predict that older adults’ well-being would be less negatively affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)-stress, as with other stressors, than younger people. However, whether sleep quality, which is negatively affected by aging, is similarly protected from the negative consequences of Covid-19-stress with age is unknown. Here, we examined the association between Covid-19-stress, above and beyond general-stress, and sleep quality and how it varies by age.

Method
From December 2020 to April 2021, 386 adults reported their Covid-19-stress, sleep quality, and resilience in an online study.

Results
While older age was related to lower Covid-19-stress, Covid-19-stress was associated with worse sleep quality with greater age.

Discussion
These results suggest that at least some aspects of one’s well-being may be more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress with increasing age. Our results might be better understood via the strength and vulnerability integration model, which posits that older adults have increased susceptibility to prolonged and unavoidable stress.
The Health and Well-being Impacts of Community Shared Meal Programs for Older Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Middleton Georgia , Patterson Karen A , Muir-Cochrane Eimear , Velardo Stefania , McCorry Fidelma , Coveney John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There are social and economic benefits to supporting individuals to live independently for as long as possible. Structured shared meal programs provide opportunities for older individuals to connect in their communities and likely impact their health and well-being. Research in this area has not been summarized in recent years. This scoping review was undertaken to explore the impact shared meal programs may have for older community-dwelling adults.

Research Design and Methods
Nine databases were systematically searched in 2020, and 5,996 unique studies were identified. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full text for inclusion. Reference lists of included papers were hand searched, and the search was updated in 2021. Eighteen studies were included in the final review.

Results
Studies were published between 1980 and 2021 and most were published in the United States. Most studies were cross-sectional, two adopted a qualitative design, one a cohort design. Significant associations were reported between shared meal programs and improved dietary intake; however, minimal improvements were reported for physical health measures. The programs had a positive impact on attendees’ social networks and perceived well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Structured shared meal programs show promise in supporting the health and well-being of older adults in the community. They provide additional nutrition, opportunities for social connection, and are perceived to contribute to perceived well-being. More investigation is required to understand how these programs work to facilitate health and well-being, and how they can best be used to improve health outcomes for older populations.
Bone cyst surgery robot with bendable drilling and remote control
Authors: Solzbacher Rene M , Kim Seunguk , Lee Subin , Kim Hyeonwook , Joung Sanghyun , Lee Hyun-Joo , Hong Jaesung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Limited by rigid instruments, traditional open curettage of bone cysts requires large incisions and the removal of substantial amounts of healthy bone tissue to approach the lesion. This causes a lengthy recovery period with an increased risk for complications. While other less invasive methods have been suggested, none have been accepted as standard treatment modalities, and many of them have not been applied beyond academic studies. We propose a fully robotic compliant joint-based endoscopic surgery system capable of the minimally invasive removal of bone cysts. A drilling robot optimized to bend removes the lesion, while an endoscopic robot provides visual feedback as well as suction and irrigation for cleaning the inner bone. Two leader devices are used to precisely control the movement of each robot in a leader–follower configuration. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated in a series of experiments on animal femurs.
Community pharmacists’ perception and attitudes toward independent prescribing in the United Arab Emirates: an exploratory study
Authors: Sadeq Ayah , AlAhmad Mohammad M , Zain Alabdin Sham , Abdelsabour Moatasem , Muhaisen Attaallah , Fathelrahman AlBaraa , AbuRuz Salahdein 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate and investigate the perception and attitudes of community pharmacists (CPs) toward community pharmacist independent prescribing (CPIP) and their perceived ability to diagnose and manage common health problems.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on licensed CPs in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates (UAE) from September to December 2019. A sample of 220 participants was randomly selected from the database of 980 licensed pharmacists working in Al-Ain. Pharmacists were asked to complete a questionnaire that includes five sections: demographic characteristics, pharmacists’ confidence, perceived requirements and barriers for the CPIP process and perceived competence to manage common medical conditions.

Key findings
Two hundred CPs were enrolled (response rate 91%) in this study (mean age 30.7 ± 7.2 years old); majority were females 60.3% (n = 121) and 90.0% (n = 190) had minimum bachelor’s degree in pharmacy. Most of the participants had long-standing experience in the community pharmacy field (10 years). The majority of the pharmacists were confident in their ability to practice (CPIP) (70.0%, n = 140). However, they were least confident in their current knowledge and skills for practicing CPIP (58%, n = 116). More than 70.0% (n = 140) of the respondents were required to have a well-prepared consultation area, get proper access to patients’ records and provide recommendations. The main perceived barrier to CPIP was physicians’ acceptance (57.0%, n = 114). Around 75.0% (n = 140) of the CPs believed they are skilful in managing minor ailments such as acute back pain and acne, however, they reported lower perceived competence for the management of chronic diseases such as hypertension and asthma.

Conclusions
Most CPs have a positive attitude toward implementing CPIP, especially on minor ailments. The main perceived barrier was physicians’ acceptance and the majority of pharmacists were required to have access to patients’ medical records and a well-prepared consultation area.
Radical cystectomy, bilateral lymphadenectomy and native ureteral ligation in a patient with history of kidney transplantation
Authors: Basiri Abbas , Dadpour Mehdi , Madani Mohammad Hamidi , Amini Erfan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We reported radical cystectomy (RC), bilateral lymphadenectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction in a patient with history of kidney transplant. A 71-year-old man was referred to us with bladder tumor, elevated serum creatinine (1.9 mg/dl), hydroureteronephrosis in transplanted kidney and a 5–6-cm sessile mass in the right bladder wall with involvement of transplanted ureter orifice. The patient was candidate for RC. The native ureters were ligated permanently. Extended lymphadenectomy in left side and limited lymphadenectomy in right side were performed. The patient underwent ileal orthotopic neobladder reconstruction, and the graft ureter was reimplanted to ascending loop of the pouch with end-to-end anastomosis. In conclusion, bilateral lymphadenectomy is feasible in patients with a history of kidney transplantation during RC. Permanent ligation of native ureters is better to perform to reduce the time of surgery and prevent late probable morbidities due to uretero-intestinal reimplantation complications.