bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations of fine‐needle aspiration and core needle biopsies in the diagnosis of tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Jonghwa , Jin Meihua , Kim Won Gu , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Baek Jung Hwan , Song Dong Eun , Jeon Min Ji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe tall cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCV‐PTC) shows aggressive behaviour. Thus far, the diagnosis of TCV‐PTC can only be confirmed using the postoperative specimen. This study aims to evaluate whether fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) could diagnose TCV‐PTC preoperatively.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. We included adult patients diagnosed with TCV‐PTC or PTC with tall cell features (TCF) at final surgical pathology between January 2015 and December 2018. Preoperative histology was reviewed for six cytomorphologic features suggesting TCV‐PTC in FNA or the percentage of tall cells in the CNB specimen. The postoperative pathology was also reviewed to confirm the percentage of tall cells.ResultsA total of 119 patients were included in this study; 35 (29%) patients with PTC with TCF served as controls. The most frequent cytomorphological feature in FNA samples of TCV‐PTC was tall columnar cells, including single tombstone‐like cells (70%). Among 43 TCV‐PTC evaluated by FNA, 3 FNA (7%) revealed the absence of any of the six cytomorphologic features suggesting TCV‐PTC. When we defined 30% of tall cells in CNB specimens as a cutoff suggesting TCV‐PTC, only 16 (41%) TCV‐PTCs could be preoperatively detected, and 3 (7%) TCV‐PTCs did not have any tall cells. The proportion of tall cells was not associated with the postoperative percentage of tall cells.ConclusionBoth cytomorphologic features in FNA and the percentage of tall cells in CNB present limitations for use as accurate preoperative diagnostic tools of TCV‐PTC.
Negative associations of ideal family size achievement with hypertension, obesity and maternal age in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tay Chau Thien , Loxton Deborah , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Teede Helena , Joham Anju E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate lifetime reproductive outcomes and the relationship of ideal family size (IFS) achievement with metabolic, psychiatric and reproductive history in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).DesignCross‐sectional.Patient(s)A total of 9034 women with (n = 778) and without self‐reported PCOS (n = 8256) born between 1973 and 1978 in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.MeasurementsSelf‐reported IFS achievement and total number of live births.ResultsWomen with and without PCOS aspired for similar IFS. Compared with women without PCOS, significantly less women with PCOS achieved their IFS (53.08% vs. 60.47%, p < 0.001). Higher proportion of women with PCOS did not achieve a live birth (37.15% vs. 31.64%, p = 0.002) and their median total number of live births was also lower (1 vs. 2, p < 0.001) than women without PCOS. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, negative associations were observed between IFS achievement and PCOS status, various metabolic, psychiatric and reproductive history. However, only hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–1.00), obesity (adjusted OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.90), history of in vitro fertilisation use (IVF) (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.63) and maternal age at first childbirth (adjusted OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.91–0.93) remained inversely associated with achievement of IFS in further multivariable regression models.ConclusionMetabolic conditions and reproductive history of maternal age at first childbirth and history of IVF use, but not psychological conditions, were associated with reduced odds of achieving IFS. Early family planning/initiation and optimisation of metabolic health may help to improve reproductive outcomes.
Parental breakup and children's outcomes in the United States
Authors: Bayaz‐Öztürk Gülgün 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates differences between health trajectories of children of divorce or separation and children of continuously married families.BackgroundOver the past 50 years, during which fewer children grew up in families with both biological parents, there has been an increased academic interest to understand how children fared in alternative family structures.MethodThis study uses retrospective illness histories from a recent supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to conduct a longitudinal analysis of parental breakup and child health.ResultsChildren of divorce were found to exhibit higher prevalence of several illnesses during adolescence and young adulthood than children of continuously married families. Controlling for family resources and parental mental health moderated the relationship between parental breakup and negative health outcomes. However, significant associations between parental breakup and children's health outcomes remained.ConclusionThis study provides a general outline of how parental breakup is associated with children's health trajectories. Although the analysis controls for an extensive set of variables by employing a quasi‐experimental method, caution in interpreting these findings as causal relationships is warranted.ImplicationsGiven the evidence presented, it is vital that parents and children have easy access to coping‐focused preventive interventions designed to reduce adverse effects of divorce on children.
Cycloserine enantiomers inhibit PLP‐dependent cysteine desulfurase SufS via distinct mechanisms
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Ogawa Shoko , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Fujishiro Takashi 
Published: April 2022

The cysteine desulfurase SufS is a pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme and is essential for the SUF system, which participates in iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis. Inhibition of SufS in the SUF system by D‐cycloserine (DCS) in Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast has recently been reported, indicating that SufS could be a target for malaria therapeutics. However, the mechanistic details underlying the inhibition of SufS by DCS have not yet been clarified. Moreover, inhibition of SufS by the other enantiomer, L‐cycloserine (LCS), has not been investigated. Herein, we investigated the structure‐based inhibition mechanisms of SufS by DCS and LCS using Bacillus subtilis SufS, whose catalytic mechanism has been well characterized in comparison to that of the P. falciparum SufS. Surprisingly, DCS‐ and LCS‐mediated inhibitions of SufS occur via distinct mechanisms resulting in pyridoxamine‐5′‐phosphate (PMP) in DCS‐mediated inhibition and PMP‐3‐hydroxyisoxazole adduct (PMP‐isoxazole) in LCS‐mediated inhibition. Biochemical and structural evaluation of SufS variants identified conserved His and Arg residues at the active site as the key determinants of the distinct inhibition mechanisms. The importance of structural elements involved in DCS and LCS‐mediated inhibitions of SufS provides valuable insights for the structure‐based design of new drugs targeting SufS.DatabaseStructural data are available in PDB database under the accession numbers 6KFY, 7CEO, 7CEP, 7CEQ, 7CER, 7CES, 7CET, 7CEU, 7E6A, 7E6B, 7E6C, 7E6D, 7E6E, and 7E6F.
Experiences of parents whose children participated in a longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Franke Nike , Rogers Jennifer , Wouldes Trecia , Ward Kim , Brown Gavin , Jonas Monique , Keegan Peter , Harding Jane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term follow‐up is necessary to understand the impact of perinatal interventions. Exploring parents' motives and experiences in consenting to their children taking part in longitudinal studies and understanding what outcomes are important to families may enhance participation and mitigate the loss to follow‐up. As existing evidence is largely based on investigators' perspectives using Western samples, the present pilot study explored parents' perspectives in a multicultural New Zealand context.MethodsData were generated using semi‐structured interviews with parents whose children had participated in a longitudinal study after neonatal recruitment. Parents' experiences of being part of the study were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.ResultsParents (n = 16) were generally happy with the outcomes measured. Additionally, parents were interested in lifelong goals such as the impact of parental diabetes. We identified three themes: (1) Facilitators: Research participation was aided by motives and parent and research characteristics such as wishing to help others and straightforward recruitment; (2) Barriers: A hesitancy to participate was due to technical and clinical research aspects, participation burden and cultural barriers, such as complex wording, time commitment and nonindigenous research and (3) Benefits: Children and parents experienced advantages such as the opportunity for education.ConclusionsParents reported positive experiences and described the unexpected benefit of increasing families' health knowledge through participation. Improvements for current follow‐up studies were identified. Different ethnicities reported different experiences and perspectives, which warrants ongoing research, particularly with indigenous research participants.Patient or Public ContributionNo active partnership with parents of patients took place.
Vertical cross‐ownership, input price discrimination, and social welfare
Authors: Sun Ji , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the impact of vertical cross‐ownership with input price discrimination on social welfare. A higher degree of product differentiation will raise industry profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare; under forward cross‐ownership, a higher degree of cross‐ownership has the same effect, in addition, it will reduce rival firm's profit and increase upstream firm's profit; however, under backward cross‐ownership, a higher degree of cross‐ownership has an opposite effect. Furthermore, under Cournot and Bertrand competition, forward cross‐ownership will incentivize downstream firms to produce more via a lower input price, achieving the above effect.
Bioactive compounds extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide from citrus peels
Authors: Romano Raffaele , De Luca Lucia , Aiello Alessandra , Rossi Danilo , Pizzolongo Fabiana , Masi Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from citrus peels, an agri‐food waste. Carbon dioxide (CO2), an eco‐friendly solvent, was used under liquid and supercritical conditions to perform the extractions from orange, tangerine and lemon peels. The possibility of using ethanol as a cosolvent at small percentages up to 20% was also studied. The extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, individual polyphenolic profile, antiradical activity and volatile organic compounds of the extracts were evaluated.The highest yields were obtained when 20% ethanol was used as a cosolvent in both liquid (at 20 MPa and 20 °C) and supercritical (at 30 MPa and 60 °C) CO2 extraction. In addition, the extracts obtained with liquid CO2 + 20% ethanol showed the highest content of naringin (35.26, 44.05 and 19.86 mg g‐1 in orange, tangerine and lemon peel extracts, respectively) and terpenes, in particular limonene. This type of extract also showed the highest antiradical activity (31.78–59.51 µmolTE g‐1) as measured by both ABTS·+ and DPPH·.These findings show that the extraction with a liquid CO2 and ethanol mixture could be a valid alternative to traditional solvent extraction using 80% less organic solvent and producing extracts with high antiradical capacity and rich in volatile organic compounds.
Nigella sativa oil extract: A natural novel specific conjugal transfer inhibitor of vancomycin resistance from vanA/B-resistant Enterococcus faecium to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ahmad Adel Attia M. , Gharib Ahlam A. , Elshorbgy Ibrahim , Elewasy Omnia A. , Elmowalid Gamal A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has been identified as one of the most challenging problems in healthcare settings worldwide. Specific conjugation inhibitors' development is critical in the fight against the spread of emerging VRSA. The impact of Nigella sativa oil on VR genes conjugal transfer from Enterococcus faecium (VREtfm) to vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA) was investigated in this study.

Methods and Results
Enterococciwere isolated from retail broilers, fish, cows' milk, and human urine. VR E. faecalis and VREtfm VanA phenotypes were prevalent in retail broiler samples. The VREtfm isolates were dominant, exhibiting high levels of resistance to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics, as well as the existence of both vanA and vanB genes and virulence traits (ESP+, asa1+) as determined by PCR. Transconjugant VREtfm strains containing vanA/vabB and 20 kb plasmids (transfer frequency around 103) and carrying the Tn1546 transposon were identified. Tn1546 transposon transfer with its VR markers to VSSA was effectively inhibited in treated VREtfm donor strains with a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of N. sativa oil.

The Significance and Impact of the Study
This work offers new insights for overcoming VR conjugal transfer utilizing natural N. sativa oil, as well as a suggestion for a novel specialized conjugation inhibitor that could effectively facilitate the difficulty of eliminating VR bacteria from healthcare settings.
The age of death in Japanese patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes: A descriptive epidemiological study
Authors: Nishioka Yuichi , Kubo Shinichiro , Okada Sadanori , Myojin Tomoya , Higashino Tsuneyuki , Imai Kenjiro , Sugiyama Takehiro , Noda Tatsuya , Ishii Hitoshi , Takahashi Yutaka , Imamura Tomoaki 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis study clarified the age of death in patients with or without diabetes using the largest health insurance database in Japan. This population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) data. The ages of death between people with and without diabetes were compared. A total of 142,277,986 patients (74,488,962 women and 67,789,024 men) over 6 years, including 4,647,016 females, and 6,507,817 males with diabetes, were included. 2,786,071 females and 2,975,876 males died over 6 years, including 652,699 females and 954,655 males with diabetes. The average age of death in patients with diabetes was 2.6 years less than that of patients without diabetes. This descriptive epidemiological study illustrated the difference in age at death of patients with and without diabetes.
Exposure of zebrafish to a cold environment triggered cellular autophagy in zebrafish liver
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhao Fange , Chen Kexing , Guo Yihan , Liang Yue , Zhao Huiying , Chen Shulin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater temperature is the major ecophysiological factor for fish survival in nature and aquaculture. Compared with many homeotherms, fish can survive prolonged periods under the condition of low temperature. However, the metabolic strategies of the liver under a cold environment are still unknown in this species. In our present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to a cold or cold plus starvation environment to analyse the morphological characteristics of hepatocytes by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fish livers were dissected and observed under a microscope, and the liver size and shape appeared normal in all groups. Periodic acid‐Schiff and TEM analysis showed that hepatic glycogen was significantly lower in zebrafish exposed to cold acclimation (CF group) than that zebrafish at the control water temperature (CT group). Moreover, qPCR and IHC results indicated that the expression of PYGL (a key enzyme involved in glycogenolysis) markedly increased in the CF group. After cold plus starvation treatment (CS group), autophagy activity was significantly enhanced and numerous mitophagic vacuoles were present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatic glycogen was first mobilizing to supply energy, and then autophagy, especially mitophagy, played vital roles during nutrient deprivation in fish species.
Characterization factors for ocean acidification impacts on marine biodiversity
Authors: Scherer Laura , Gürdal İrem , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRising greenhouse gas emissions do not only accelerate climate change but also make the ocean more acidic. This applies above all to carbon dioxide (CO2). Lower ocean pH levels threaten marine ecosystems and especially strongly calcifying species. Impacts on marine ecosystem quality are currently underrepresented in life cycle assessments (LCAs). Here, we developed characterization factors for the life cycle impact assessment of ocean acidification. Our main contribution was developing new species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), from which we derived effect factors for different impact perspectives: Marginal, linear, and average changes for both the past and four future emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). Based on a dataset that covered five taxa (corals, crustaceans, echinoderms, fishes, molluscs) and three climate zones, we showed significantly higher sensitivities for strongly calcifying than slightly calcifying taxa and in polar regions compared to tropical and temperate regions. Experimental duration, leading to acute, subchronic, or chronic toxicological endpoints, did not significantly affect the species sensitivities. With ocean acidification impacts still accelerating, the future‐oriented average effects are higher than the marginal or past‐oriented average effects. While our characterization factors are ready for use in LCA, we also point to opportunities for improvement in future developments.
Improving the estimation of ship emissions using the high‐spatiotemporal resolution wind fields simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast model: A case study in China
Authors: Fu Xinyi , Chen Dongsheng , Guo Xiurui , Lang Jianlei , Zhou Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractShips, sailing in favorable wind or obstructed by wind, will operate with different output power of the engines, and the exhaust emissions will be different even though the ships are sailing at the same ground speed. In this study, the influence of wind was taken into consideration; the ship emission inventory (0.025° × 0.025°) in China of a full year (2014) was reassessed. A speed modification model was employed to figure out the actual output speed of ships by integrating AIS data and the hourly wind. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model was applied to predict the hourly real‐time wind field. The spatial and temporal changes in emissions between the results calculated by the proposed method and our previous study were presented. Overall, when considering the influence of wind, the total ship emissions for the year would increase. In this study, the total estimated emissions of SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, HC, and CO in the area were 1.286 × 106, 2.583 × 106, 2.135× 105, 1.967 × 105, 1.522 × 105, and 3.053 × 105 t(metric tons) in 2014, respectively. Under the influence of wind, the proportion of the regions’ emissions to the total was close to that of the previous study. For SO2 and NOx, emissions presented significant monthly variations. On a monthly timescale, the difference in emissions was more obvious between the results considering and not considering the wind, relative to that on a yearly basis. This study adjusted the method of ship emission estimation, which modified the ship emission inventory over an hourly timescale.
Latent Blackness: Afro‐Brazilian People, History, and Culture in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gillam Reighan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which blackness operates in relation to São Paulo's identity as a city of modernity and progress. Drawing from participant observation during public events and projects directed toward the Black population, I introduce the term “latent blackness” as a way to understand Afro‐Brazilians’ perspectives on how Black history and culture are included in the city. Latent blackness moves beyond notions of the absence and erasure of blackness to make sense of Afro‐Brazilian perspectives on their role in São Paulo's history and identity. The concept of latent blackness adds to understandings of how Black people articulate the shortcomings of their relationship to the city and how race and regionalism intersect in Brazil.
Metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in a hybrid Leontopithecus sp.
Authors: Pereira Asheley Henrique Barbosa , Pissinatti Lorenzo , Moreira Silvia Bahadian , Pissinatti Alcides , Ubiali Daniel Guimarães 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimary female reproductive neoplasms in Platyrrhines species are few reported. We present the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in the uterus, urinary bladder, jejunum, and rectum of a Leontopithecus sp. The neoplastic endometrial cells expressed strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling of cytokeratin 7.
Updated meta‐analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of serum anti‐Mullerian hormone in poly cystic ovary syndrome involving 13 509 subjects
Authors: Anand Shikha , Kumar Amit , Prasad Anupa , Trivedi Kiran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsTwo independent reviewers searched the electronic databases and search engines using PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar systematically to retrieve relevant articles published from inception to September 2021. The diagnostic efficacy of AMH was computed using the random‐effects model in terms of pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were performed to check for any source which could explain possible heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the QUADAS‐2 tool recommended by Cochrane Library.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included a total of 41 studies involving 13 509 subjects. We observed promising pooled sensitivity 0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81), specificity 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.90), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 24 (95% CI 15 to 37), for AMH in detecting PCOS and discriminatory power (summary receiver operating characteristic [SROC] curves, 0.89 [95% CI 0.86–0.92]). The most prominent bias was noted in the patient selection and index test assessment.ConclusionsWith the findings of this current meta‐analysis, we conclude serum AMH to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of PCOS, however, substantial heterogeneity among studies needs individual patient data analysis in order to identify an optimal cut‐off value and homogenous findings.Registration Number and GuidelinesThis meta‐analysis was performed according to constructed protocol registered in the PROSPERO database with registration number CRD42021246910.