bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ETG modes in JET–ILW pedestals with varying levels of power and fuelling
Authors: Chapman-Oplopoiou B. , Hatch D.R. , Field A.R. , Frassinetti L. , Hillesheim J.C. , Horvath L. , Maggi C.F. , Parisi J.F. , Roach C.M. , Saarelma S. , Walker J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present the results of GENE gyrokinetic calculations based on a series of JET–ITER-like-wall (ILW) type I ELMy H-mode discharges operating with similar experimental inputs but at different levels of power and gas fuelling. We show that turbulence due to electron-temperature-gradient (ETGs) modes produces a significant amount of heat flux in four JET–ILW discharges, and, when combined with neoclassical simulations, is able to reproduce the experimental heat flux for the two low gas pulses. The simulations plausibly reproduce the high-gas heat fluxes as well, although power balance analysis is complicated by short ELM cycles. By independently varying the normalised temperature gradients

(

ω

T

e

)

and normalised density gradients

(

ω

n

e

)

around their experimental values, we demonstrate that it is the ratio of these two quantities

η

e

=

ω

T

e

/

ω

n

e

that determines the location of the peak in the ETG growth rate and heat flux spectra. The heat flux increases rapidly as η
e increases above the experimental point, suggesting that ETGs limit the temperature gradient in these pulses. When quantities are normalised using the minor radius, only increases in

ω

T

e

produce appreciable increases in the ETG growth rates, as well as the largest increases in turbulent heat flux which follow scalings similar to that of critical balance theory. However, when the heat flux is normalised to the electron gyro-Bohm heat flux using the temperature gradient scale length

L

T

e

, it follows a linear trend in correspondence with previous work by different authors.
Lagrangian inversion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from Beijing using differential column measurements
Authors: Che Ke , Cai Zhaonan , Liu Yi , Wu Lin , Yang Dongxu , Chen Yichen , Meng Xiaoyan , Zhou Minqiang , Wang Jing , Yao Lu , Wang Pucai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We estimated CO2 emissions from the Beijing region of China using differential ground-based observations of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (

Δ
X

C

O

2
,

obs

; urban minus upwind background column observations) in winter (1 November 2020–1 March 2021). Beijing is one of the most world’s populated cities and the CO2 emissions from this region contain large uncertainties in different bottom-up anthropogenic inventories. Differential measurements are potentially able to capture urban signals over Beijing (3.46 ± 2.35 ppm). The simulated XCO2 enhancements were calculated (

Δ
X

C

O

2
,

sim

) based on three emission inventories (the Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC), Multiresolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) datasets) for Beijing. The

Δ
X

C

O

2
,

sim

values based on the ODIAC dataset were much higher than the observations, whereas the values from the EDGAR dataset were much lower and the MEIC dataset was more consistent. We performed a Lagrangian inversion framework based on Bayesian theory. The average and uncertainty of a priori estimates (12.18 ± 8.0, 7.09 ± 7.5 and 3.53 ± 11.4 μmol (m2 s)−1) were optimized to the posterior emissions (9.44 ± 5.7, 7.13 ± 4.9 and 7.15 ± 5.7 μmol (m2 s)−1), suggesting that the three posterior estimates tended to converge to become more consistent, transport errors (especially the horizontal transport errors) and the spatially uneven corrections in Beijing were the main reason for the differences between the posterior estimates. Sensitivity tests suggested that the prescribed spatial and temporal structures affected up to about 12.9%, 4.9% and 20.8%, respectively, of the three inventories.
Behavior of Different Configuration of Piled Raft Foundation for a High-Rise Building by using FEM
Authors: Kannaujiya Pratish , Srivastava Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the numerical simulation is performed on two piled raft configurations having uniform loading on a piled raft foundation. To investigate the interaction between various parameters of pile soil foundation with varying components of its length of pile, diameter and raft thickness. These components are critical for increasing the foundation’s bearing capacity. It’s important aspect to achieve a reliable design to optimize piled raft foundations subjected to uniformed load- settlement behaviors of the curves. These load – settlements are basically depending on the changing of their components piled raft foundation. These component of piled raft foundations to choose an optimal selection of embedded length of pile (L/dP), normalized diameter of pile (L/dP) and normalized raft thickness (tR/dP). The effect of load-settlement on distributions of shear force and bending moments is also investigated. In this study, a finite elements methods based on numerical tools ELPLA software is used for numerical simulation. The study’s findings validate the numerical analysis for the calculation of proper pile configuration arrangement, as a result of settlements. It will be generated as formation of contours patterns as shear stress and bending moments on the rafts, may be minimized with the total pile length. The conclusion drawn from the study validates the numerical analysis for the computation of proper pile arrangement can results in total and differential settlements, as well as generated shear stress and bending moments on the rafts, are all being reduced, with identical total pile length. Moreover, it captures the contours patterns of different behaviors of piled raft settlements, maximum shear force and maximum moments.
Bending of Functionally Graded Nanobeams using Hyperbolic Nonlocal Theory
Authors: Jape A S , Sayyad A S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hyperbolic nonlocal theory is applied in this paper to calculate deflections in functionally graded nanobeams under uniform load. The theory is developed using the work done principle in conjunction with Eringen’s theory. Free stress conditions on the upper and lower surfaces are achieved by the current hypothesis. Deflection of beam is estimated using Navier’s approach considering simple ends of the nanobeam. Solutions found in the literature are taken for the comparison purpose and found that the present findings are matching with the existing solutions.
Effect of Thickness Stretching on the Natural Frequencies of Layered Composite Beams
Authors: Naik Nitin S. , Sayyad Atteshamuddin S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new fifth order shear deformation theory is developed considering the effect of thickness stretching for the free vibration analysis of laminated composite beam. To account the effect of shear in transverse direction and normal de-formations, displacement field uses polynomial shape function in terms of thick-ness co-ordinate expanded up to order five. The virtual work equation is used to have the equations in terms of the unknowns and corresponding boundary conditions. The analytical solution for a laminated composite beam with simple sup-ports is developed using Navier’s solution. To assess the validity of the theory developed, dimension less natural frequencies for laminated composite beam determined by the present model are compared with previously published results.
Application of the theory of stochastic processes and Monte-Carlo simulations for the analysis of the operation of charging stations for electric vehicles
Authors: Hanka László 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Considering the development of the Electric Vehicle industry, and the growing number of such vehicles in public transport, the charging problem of these vehicles is essential. The service process of a charging station seems a fundamental question, that must be analyzed.
Using the theory of stochastic processes, especially the Poisson process and the queuing theory; the characterization of the process can be studied. Some fundamental system parameters like the average waiting time, the average time in the system, the average time in the queue, and the average length of the queue, etc., can be modeled by the queuing theory using the service rate, the charging rate, and the number of servers, etc., as parameters.
Using the conclusions of this model, and considering the demands of Electric Vehicle users, the necessary/minimal/optimal number of servers, parking lots, etc. can be estimated. Using the theory of the Markov process, a stochastic model can be proposed for studying the long-term characterization of Electric Vehicle owners’ charging behavior; that which’s problem is strongly affected by the properties of charging stations. In this article, the queuing model and the Monte-Carlo method are presented for characterizing a charging station. For every calculation, Matlab has been used.
Comparison of Methods for Calculating the Heating of Plastic Gears
Authors: Marada Imre , Bihari János 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accurate determination of heating is significantly more important for plastic gears, even in simpler applications than for steel gears. These gears are often used without lubrication or with a single, lifetime lubrication. The load capacity of materials is significantly affected by temperature, even in ordinary cases. Even today, heating is often calculated for different heating cases according to the calculation method of VDI 2545 or the modified VDI 2545, although these methods have been proven to be obsolete. Since the main direction of our research is to explore the design features of drive units equipped with small plastic gears, we tried to assess in advance, using a series of calculations, how much difference there is between the results obtained with obsolete and modern calculation methods. In this article, we present the basic characteristics of the calculation methods and compare the results obtained for some m>1 mm and m<0,5 mm gears.
Design Issues for Slot-Die Coating Heads - Case Study
Authors: Sarka Ferenc , Tóbis Zsolt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, the authors briefly present the development, features, operating principles, and typical applications of slot-die technology. Slot-die technology is a coating method in which a consistent thickness, coating layer, can be applied to a receiving surface in an almost completely closed system. The technology was first used in the production of films but is now used for the application of a wide variety of coatings (e.g., plastics), from battery production, through semiconductor production, to solar cell production. It can also be used to make membrane air filters / filters, which can help to overcome today’s covid epidemic. Due to the proliferation of electric cars, the production of batteries has become an increasing slice of industrial production. In this article we present in detail, in a systematic way, the information gathered during the literature search, which we used in our work. In this article we present with a case study, the problems and experiences that arose during the design and manufacture of a coating machine operating under laboratory conditions. The construction of the machine was done with the technical assistance of a joint project with an industrial partner. The laboratory machine will be suitable for sheet-to-sheet coating. The article presents strength and deformation simulations along with the experience gained during the production of the coating machine.
Recovery of K by NH4HSO4 low-temperature roasting from brown corundum Fly Ash
Authors: Lin Xin , Chen Chaoyi , Li Junqi , Wang Gangan , Ning Deyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Brown corundum dust ash(BCFA) is an industrial solid waste from the brown corundum production process. The alkali metal is a key factor limiting its comprehensive use. Currently, BCFA is mainly stockpiled and occupies a large amount of land. Its fine particles are easy to cause air pollution. The addition of NH4HSO4 allows for the effective extraction of K from BCFA and the efficient use of BCFA. Under optimum conditions: NH4HSO4 to BCFA mass ratio of 1.2:1, the roasting temperature of 240 °C, roasting time of 2 h, water leaching time of 90 min, water leaching temperature of 65 °C water leaching liquid to solid ratio of 3:1, the leaching rate of K from BCFA reached 97%. The leachate was crystallised by evaporation to obtain K, N compound fertiliser for agricultural use. The leaching residue is mainly Al and Si, which can be used for the preparation of refractory materials, aluminium and silicon molecular sieves, construction materials and other raw materials.
CBETor: a hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell code for cross-beam energy transfer simulation
Authors: JIAO Jinlong , WANG Hezi , ZHOU Hongyu , YIN Yan , QIAO Bin , ZHUO Hongbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The parametric instability related to ion motion and the resulting cross-beam energy transfer are important aspects in the physics of inertial confinement fusion. The numerical simulation of the above physical problems still faces great technical challenges. This paper introduces a 2D hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code, CBETor. In this code, the motion of ions is described by the kinetic method, the motion of electrons is described by the simplified fluid method and the propagation of laser in plasma is described by solving the wave equation. We use CBETor and the popular fully kinetic PIC code EPOCH to simulate the stimulated Brillouin scattering and cross-beam energy transfer process, respectively. The physical images are in good agreement, but CBETor can significantly reduce the amount of calculation. With the premise of correctly simulating the ion dynamics, our hybrid-kinetic code can effectively suppress the noise of numerical simulation and significantly expand the simulation scale of physical problems. CBETor is very suitable for simulating the physical process dominated by ion motion in the interaction of medium intensity laser and underdense plasma.
The use of intraovarian injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in patients with poor ovarian response and premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Herlihy Nola S. , Seli Emre 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Intraovarian injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a novel treatment for patients with poor ovarian response (POR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). This article reviews the latest literature on the effect of PRP on markers of ovarian reserve, oocyte and embryo yield, and live birth for these poor prognosis patients.

Recent findings
Several case series and one prospective trial have demonstrated improvements in markers of ovarian reserve in patients with POI and POR and improved oocyte and embryo yields in patients with POR. These studies report multiple live births in patients who had previously failed treatment. The positive effects of PRP persist throughout the literature despite the fact that multiple protocols for preparing and injecting PRP exist, with no consensus on the optimal protocol.

Summary
Intra-ovarian injection of PRP is a promising new technology for poor prognosis patients. Rigorous and appropriately controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm the utility of this treatment for improving patients’ ability to successfully conceive.
The effects of limb laterality and age on the inflammation and bone turnover of the acromioclavicular shoulder joint: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-sodium-fluoride-PET/computed tomography study
Authors: Park Peter Sang Uk , McDonald Elysia , Singh Shashi Bhushan , Raynor William Y. , Werner Thomas J. , Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming , Alavi Abass 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a common site of injury and degenerative changes such as osteoarthritis (OA) of the shoulder. Physical manifestations of OA are preceded by molecular changes, detection of which may enhance early prophylaxis and monitoring of disease progression. In this study, we investigate the use of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF-PET/CT to assess the effects of limb laterality and age on the inflammation and bone turnover of the AC shoulder joint.

Methods
We analyzed FDG and NaF-PET/CT scans of 41 females (mean age of 43.9 ± 14.2 years) and 45 males (mean age of 44.5 ± 13.8 years) using a semiquantitative technique based on predefined ROI.

Results
There was a greater NaF uptake in the right side of the AC joint compared with the left in both females (left: 2.22 ± 1.00; right: 3.08 ± 1.18; P < 0.0001) and males (left: 2.57 ± 1.49; right: 2.99 ± 1.40; P = 0.003). No consistent correlation between age and NaF or FDG uptakes were found in both females and males. There was also a positive correlation between FDG and NaF uptakes in both left (P = 0.01; r = 0.37) and right (P = 0.0006; r = 0.53) AC joints of male subjects.

Conclusion
Our study is the first to reveal the varying effect of right–left limb laterality and aging on FDG and NaF uptake at the AC joint. Future studies correlating the history of shoulder trauma, pain, and degenerative change with FDG and NaF-PET/CT findings will be critical in the adoption of molecular imaging in the clinical setting.
Vitamin C triggers NF-κB-driven epigenomic reprogramming and enhanced immunogenic responses of dendritic cells
Authors: Morante-Palacios Octavio , Godoy-Tena Gerard , Calafell-Segura Josep , Ciudad Laura , Martínez-Cáceres Eva M. , Sardina José Luis , Ballestar Esteban 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DCs) are central in the immune system, bridging the adaptive and innate immune responses. Research on in vitro differentiation of DCs from monocytes provides both in-depth understanding of the analogous in vivo process and potential sources for cancer cell therapy. Active DNA demethylation is crucial in DC differentiation. Vitamin C is a known cofactor of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which drive active demethylation. Currently, the effects of vitamin C treatment on human immune cells are poorly understood. In this study, we have studied the epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by vitamin C in monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Vitamin C triggers extensive demethylation at NF-kB/p65 binding sites, together with concordant upregulation of antigen-presentation immune response-related genes during DC maturation. p65 interacts with TET2 and mediates the aforementioned vitamin C-mediated changes, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, vitamin C increases TNFβ production in DCs through NF-kB, in concordance with the upregulation of its coding gene and the demethylation of adjacent CpGs. Finally, vitamin C enhances DC’s ability to stimulate the proliferation of autologous antigen-specific T cells. We propose that vitamin C can improve monocyte-derived DC-based cell therapies. Finally, our results provide a feasible mechanism of action for intravenous high-dose vitamin C treatment in patients.
Cytoplasmic HIF-2α correlates to proliferation and predicts worse outcome in sympathetic paraganglioma
Authors: Karakaya Sinan , Gunnesson Lisa , Elias Erik , Martos Salvo Paula , Robledo Mercedes , Nilsson Ola , Wängberg Bo , Abel Frida , Påhlman Sven , Muth Andreas , Mohlin Sofie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. PGLs can further be divided into sympathetic (sPGLs) and head-and-neck (HN-PGLs). There are virtually no treatment options, and no cure, for metastatic PCCs and PGLs (PPGLs). Here, we composed a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of 149 PPGLs, reflecting clinical features and presenting as a useful resource. Mutations in the pseudohypoxic marker EPAS1/HIF-2α correlates to an aggressive tumor phenotype. We show that HIF-2α unexpectedly localized to the cytoplasm in PPGLs. This subcompartmentalized protein expression differed between tumor subtypes, and strongly correlated to proliferation. Half of all sPGLs were metastatic at time of diagnosis. Cytoplasmic HIF-2α was strongly expressed in metastatic sPGLs and predicted poor outcome in this subgroup. We propose that cytoplasmic HIF-2α expression serves as a useful clinical marker to differentiate subtypes and predicting outcome, and hence can be used for improved targeted treatment in PPGLs.
Herd immunity on chip: recapitulating virus transmission in human society
Authors: Lim Wanyoung , Jung Narina , Zhang Jiande , Chen Zhenzhong , Weon Byung Mook , Park Sungsu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirus transmission is affected by population density, social distancing, and vaccination. This has been simulated only by mathematical models. Here, we report the first experimental model to mimic herd immunity to a human coronavirus using a microfluidic device filled with host cells. The device consists of 444 microchambers filled with susceptible (S0), infected (I0), and unsusceptible (U0) cells at specific ratios. The transmission rate and reproduction numbers were directly proportional to S0 and I0 and inversely proportional to U0. Herd immunity was achieved when the proportion of U0 was at 80% in a fixed number of uninfected (S0+U0) cells. These results were consistent with those from a mathematical model. The device can be used for predicting virus transmission.One-Sentence SummaryWe present the first experimental model enabling the simulation of herd immunity in a microfluidic device filled with host cells to human coronavirus.
Early microglial response, myelin deterioration and lethality in mice deficient for very long chain ceramide synthesis in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Teo Jonathan D , Marian Oana C , Spiteri Alanna G , Nicholson Madeline , Song Huitong , Khor Jasmine XY , McEwen Holly P , Piccio Laura , Fletcher Jessica L , King Nicholas JC , Murray Simon S , Brüning Jens C , Don Anthony S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer), sulfatide (ST) and sphingomyelin (SM) are essential for myelin stability and function. GalCer and ST are synthesized mostly from C22-C24 ceramides, generated by Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2). To clarify the requirement for C22-C24 sphingolipid synthesis in myelin lipid biosynthesis and stability, we generated mice lacking CerS2 specifically in myelinating cells (CerS2ΔO/ΔO). At 6 weeks of age, normal-appearing myelin had formed in CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice, however there was a reduction in myelin thickness and the percentage of myelinated axons. Pronounced loss of C22-C24 sphingolipids in myelin of CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice was compensated by greatly increased levels of C18 sphingolipids. A distinct microglial population expressing high levels of activation and phagocytic markers such as CD64, CD11c, MHC class II, and CD68 was apparent at 6 weeks of age in CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice, and had increased by 10 weeks. Increased staining for denatured myelin basic protein was also apparent in 6-week-old CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice. By 16 weeks, CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice showed pronounced myelin atrophy, motor deficits, and axon beading, a hallmark of axon stress. 90% of CerS2ΔO/ΔOmice died between 16 and 26 weeks of age. This study highlights the importance of sphingolipid acyl chain length for the structural integrity of myelin, demonstrating how a modest reduction in lipid chain length causes exposure of a denatured myelin protein epitope and expansion of phagocytic microglia, followed by axon pathology, myelin degeneration, and motor deficits. Understanding the molecular trigger for microglial activation should aid the development of therapeutics for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.Main PointsOligodendrocytes lacking CerS2 produce myelin using sphingolipids with C16/C18 instead of C22/C24 N-acyl chainsC22/C24 myelin sphingolipids are essential for myelin stability, microglial quiescence, and survival beyond young adulthoodTable of Contents Image