bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and behavioural strategies along the spectrum of host specificity in ant-associated silverfish
Authors: Parmentier T. , Gaju-Ricart M. , Wenseleers T. , Molero-Baltanás R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHost range is a fundamental trait to understand the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbionts. Increasing host specificity is expected to be accompanied with specialization in different symbiont traits. We tested this specificity-specialization association in a large group of 16 ant-associated silverfish species by linking their level of host specificity to their degree of behavioural integration into the colony and to their accuracy of chemically imitating the host’s recognition system, i.e. the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile.ResultsAs expected, facultative associates and host generalists (targeting multiple unrelated ants) tend to avoid the host, whereas host-specialists (typically restricted toMessorants) were bolder, approached the host and allowed inspection. Generalists and host specialists regularly followed a host worker, unlike the other silverfish. Host aggression was extremely high toward non-ant-associated silverfish and modest to low in ant-associated groups. Surprisingly, the degree of chemical deception was not linked to host specificity as most silverfish, including facultative ant associates, imitated the host’s CHC profile.Messorspecialists retained the same CHC profile as the host after moulting, in contrast to a host generalist, suggesting an active production of the cues (chemical mimicry). Host generalist and facultative associates flexibly copied the highly different CHC profiles of alternative host species, pointing at passive acquisition (chemical camouflage) of the host’s odour.ConclusionsOverall, we found that behaviour that seems to facilitate the integration in the host colony was more pronounced in host specialist silverfish. Chemical deception, however, was employed by all ant-associated species, irrespective of their degree of host specificity.
SKA3 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Liu Shasha , Zhang Xinhong , Wang Yan , Guan Peng , Bu Fanyou , Wang Hao , Wang Dawen , Fan Yi , Hou Sichuan , Qiu Zhilei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Spindle and kinetochore‑associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) has recently been considered a key regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the connection between SKA3 and immune cell infiltration remains unknown.

Methods
The current study investigated the expression mode, prognostic effect, and functional role of SKA3 in different tumors, particularly bladder cancer using numerous databases, comprising TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, PrognoScan, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter. Differentially expressed gene and enrichment analyses were implemented on SKA3 using R packages "edgR" and "clusterProfiler". Immunohistochemistry was further used to validate the expression of SKA3 gene in bladder cancer. Following that, the relevance of SKA3 expression to immune infiltration level in bladder cancer was evaluated using TIMER.

Results
Overall, the level of SKA3 expression in tumor tissue significantly increased than in normal tissue. In bladder cancer and other tumors, patients with high SKA3 expression levels had worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.016), disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.00004), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.032). Additionally, the major molecular functions for SKA3 included nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic sister chromatid segregation, humoral immune response, and cell chemotaxis. Additionally, SKA3 expression was found to be positively associated with enhanced M2 macrophage and T helper (Th) 2 cell infiltration in bladder cancer.

Conclusions
Our study implies that SKA3 contributes to M2 macrophage and Th2 cell polarization by acting as an oncogene in bladder cancer. SKA3 might be a novel biomarker for evaluating prognosis and immune infiltration in bladder cancer.
Anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies in Egyptian children with autism: a cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Hamed Reham Mohammad Raafat , Ayoub Magda Ibrahim , Abdel Samie Mai , Hamam Nancy Nabil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Autism may be one of the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders, and several studies investigated the frequency of serum anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies in children with autism, as possible indicators of autoimmunity to the brain. The current study aimed to compare the level of anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies between autistic and normally developed children and to study the correlation between the level of anti-ganglioside M1 autoatibodies and the severity of autism. Forty children with autism and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of autism in the patient group at the time of the study. The clinical and demographic data were recorded and plasma anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies level was measured in both groups.

Results
The mean anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies level was significantly higher in autistic patients compared to the control group. The anti-ganglioside M1 autoantibodies level in patients with mild to moderate severity was insignificantly lower than its level in patients with severe autism.

Conclusions
Plasma anti-ganglioside MI autoantibodies levels are higher in autistic patients than in healthy controls which may imply that some cases of autism may be autoimmune in nature.
Proportion of Early-Onset Gastric and Esophagus Cancers Has Changed Over Time With Disproportionate Impact on Black and Hispanic Patients
Authors: Torrejon Nataly V. , Deshpande Saarang , Wei Wei , Tullio Katherine , Kamath Suneel D. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:The proportion of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is increasing. This study evaluated trends in early-onset gastric and esophageal cancers and compared socioeconomic and clinical characteristics between early-onset versus late-onset disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We included all patients with gastric and esophageal cancer from 2004 to 2015 from the National Cancer Database. Patients were categorized by age < 50, 50-69, and ≥ 70 years. Differences in pathologic and socioeconomic factors between early-onset and late-onset cancers were assessed by using chi-square test. The effects of demographic and socioeconomic factors on overall survival (OS) were assessed using Cox models.RESULTS:The proportion of patients with early-onset gastric cancer increased from 23.9% in 2004-2006 to 26.2% in 2013-2015, whereas the proportion of early-onset esophageal cancer decreased from 27.3% in 2004-2006 to 23.1% in 2013-2015. For both malignancies, the early-onset group was more likely to be Black or Hispanic and more likely to be diagnosed with stage IV cancer. Black patients had the worst median OS in both malignancies. In gastric cancer, within the Black patient group, patients experienced worse OS if they had government insurance versus private insurance (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3; P value < .0001) or if they were in the lowest community median income category versus the highest category (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3; P value < .0001).CONCLUSION:Early-onset gastric cancer is increasing, whereas early-onset esophageal cancer is declining. Early-onset gastric cancer disproportionately affects non-White patients, particularly Hispanic patients. Black patients have worse outcomes compared with other races for both gastric and esophageal cancer.
Broadside-coupling–enabled insulator-to-metal transition in a terahertz metasurface
Authors: Mallick Soumyajyoti , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate stacked-dipole-resonators–based (broadside near-field coupling configuration) multilayer metasurfaces separated by a vanadium dioxide film to achieve stronger field confinement in the spacer (VO2) region. Under relatively intense terahertz excitation (20 Vm−1) assisted by larger area electric field confinement, insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) in VO2 spacer is realized resulting in frequency (dipole mode) and amplitude (Fano mode) tunable metasurfaces. Enhancement in probing THz field triggers much stronger field confinement

inside the spacer layer leading to increased VO2 conductivity (responsible for IMT) through the Poole-Frankel effect. Such broadside coupled IMT-based terahertz metamaterials can help in realizing active meta devices for THz domain.
A feasibility study of embedded conductive layer fabricated by ion implantation
Authors: Zhang H. Y. , Fan X. R. , Meng Q. Y. , Wei Y. , Huang Y. , He H. M. , Wang Y. , Wu W. J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to make polypropylene (PP) have good conductivity and insulation, as well as certain mechanical properties, silver ions were implanted into the surface of PP to explore the feasibility of forming an embedded conductive layer in this work. The experimental results show that the surface resistivity of PP reaches 0.879 MΩ/sq, dropping by 11 orders of magnitude after ion implantation, which indicates that the surface conductivity has been improved. The surface of implanted PP presents a wrinkled morphology and gaps under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), indicating that ion implantation can cause local high temperature and thereby lead to melting on the surface of the sample. For this reason, silver ions can be easily embedded below the sample surface. The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) characterization result shows that the penetration depth of silver ions can reach about 2.5–7.5 μm. To further improve the surface conductivity of the sample, we coated carbon black on the surface of PP and then carried out ion implantation. Due to the embedding of carbon black particles, the surface resistivity of the sample further decreased by an order of magnitude, and the change with time was more stable. The results of EDS, FTIR and XRD experiments show that both carbon black and silver ions are embedded inside the surface of the samples. In summary, the method of ion implantation after coating carbon black can form an embedded conductive layer with good conductivity and stability on the surface of PP, which realizes the design concept of integrating the conductive layer and the matrix layer into an integrated layer. The embedded conductive polymer film can be prepared in this way, which serves as a new idea for the development and application of insulating materials.
Self-propelled motors in complex fluids and as constituents of active materials
Authors: Thakur Snigdha , Qiao Liyan , Kapral Raymond 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Simulation has played an important part in studies of active matter systems, and this paper considers some aspects of the use of stochastic models for the behavior of active particles in complex media and in applications to active functional materials. The scope of the work is primarily focused on small active particles whose activity is derived from chemical reactions and diffusiophoretic mechanisms that operate in the presence of fluctuations. Both Langevin and particle-based models are considered, and their relative merits are discussed.
Impaired Brain Satiety Responses After Weight Loss in Children With Obesity
Authors: Roth Christian L , Melhorn Susan J , De Leon Mary Rosalynn B , Rowland Maya G , Elfers Clinton T , Huang Alyssa , Saelens Brian E , Schur Ellen A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Obesity interventions often result in increased motivation to eat.

Objective
We investigated relationships between obesity outcomes and changes in brain activation by visual food cues and hormone levels in response to obesity intervention by family-based behavioral treatment (FBT).

Methods
Neuroimaging and hormone assessments were conducted before and after 24-week FBT intervention in children with obesity (OB, n = 28), or children of healthy weight without intervention (HW, n = 17), all 9- to 11-year-old boys and girls. We evaluated meal-induced changes in neural activation to high- vs low-calorie food cues across appetite-processing brain regions and gut hormones.

Results
Among children with OB who underwent FBT, greater declines of BMI z-score were associated with lesser reductions after the FBT intervention in meal-induced changes in neural activation to high- vs low-calorie food cues across appetite-processing brain regions (P &lt; 0.05), and the slope of relationship was significantly different compared with children of HW. In children with OB, less reduction in brain responses to a meal from before to after FBT was associated with greater meal-induced reduction in ghrelin and increased meal-induced stimulation in peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
In response to FBT, adaptations of central satiety responses and peripheral satiety-regulating hormones were noted. After weight loss, changes of peripheral hormone secretion support weight loss, but there was a weaker central satiety response. The findings suggest that even when peripheral satiety responses by gut hormones are intact, the central regulation of satiety is disturbed in children with OB who significantly improve their weight status during FBT, which could favor future weight regain.
Selective function of the PDZ domain of Dishevelled in noncanonical Wnt signalling
Authors: Mieszczanek Juliusz , Strutt Helen , Rutherford Trevor J. , Strutt David , Bienz Mariann , Gammons Melissa V. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Dishevelled is a cytoplasmic hub that transduces Wnt signals to cytoplasmic effectors, which can be broadly characterised as canonical (β-catenin dependent) and noncanonical, to specify cell fates and behaviours during development. To transduce canonical Wnt signals, Dishevelled binds to the intracellular face of Frizzled through its DEP domain and polymerises through its DIX domain to assemble dynamic signalosomes. Dishevelled also contains a PDZ domain, whose function remains controversial. Here, we use genome editing to delete the PDZ domain-encoding region from Drosophila dishevelled. Canonical Wingless signalling is entirely normal in these deletion mutants; however, they show defects in multiple contexts controlled by noncanonical Wnt signalling, such as planar polarity. We use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify bona fide PDZ-binding motifs at the C termini of different polarity proteins. Although deletions of these motifs proved aphenotypic in adults, we detected changes in the proximodistal distribution of the polarity protein Flamingo (also known as Starry night) in pupal wings that suggest a modulatory role of these motifs in polarity signalling. We also provide new genetic evidence that planar polarity relies on the DEP-dependent recruitment of Dishevelled to the plasma membrane by Frizzled.
Mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein is a client of the BAG6 protein quality control complex
Authors: Roboti Peristera , Lawless Craig , High Stephen 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The heterotrimeric BAG6 complex coordinates the direct handover of newly synthesised tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins from an SGTA-bound preloading complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) delivery component TRC40. In contrast, defective precursors, including aberrant TA proteins, form a stable complex with this cytosolic protein quality control factor, enabling such clients to be either productively re-routed or selectively degraded. We identify the mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) as an endogenous TA client of both SGTA and the BAG6 complex. Our data suggest that the BAG6 complex binds to a cytosolic pool of MAVS before its misinsertion into the ER membrane, from where it can subsequently be removed via ATP13A1-mediated dislocation. This BAG6-associated fraction of MAVS is dynamic and responds to the activation of an innate immune response, suggesting that BAG6 may modulate the pool of MAVS that is available for coordinating the cellular response to viral infection.
Royal knifefish generate powerful suction feeding through large neurocranial elevation and high epaxial muscle power
Authors: Li Ellen Y. , Kaczmarek Elska B. , Olsen Aaron M. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. , Camp Ariel L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Suction feeding in ray-finned fishes involves powerful buccal cavity expansion to accelerate water and food into the mouth. Previous XROMM studies in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) have shown that more than 90% of suction power in high performance strikes comes from the axial musculature. Thus, the shape of the axial muscles and skeleton may affect suction feeding mechanics. Royal knifefish (Chitala blanci) have an unusual postcranial morphology, with a ventrally flexed vertebral column and relatively large mass of epaxial muscle. Based on their body shape, we hypothesized that royal knifefish would generate high power strikes by utilizing large neurocranial elevation, vertebral column extension and epaxial shortening. As predicted, C. blanci generated high suction expansion power compared with the other three species studied to date (up to 160 W), which was achieved by increasing both the rate of volume change and the intraoral subambient pressure. The large epaxial muscle (25% of body mass) shortened at high velocities to produce large neurocranial elevation and vertebral extension (up to 41 deg, combined), as well as high muscle mass-specific power (up to 800 W kg−1). For the highest power strikes, axial muscles generated 95% of the power, and 64% of the axial muscle mass consisted of the epaxial muscles. The epaxial-dominated suction expansion of royal knifefish supports our hypothesis that postcranial morphology may be a strong predictor of suction feeding biomechanics.
Decarbonylative Reductive Coupling of Aromatic Esters by Nickel and Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Peng Yunfei , Isshiki Ryota , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ni or Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative reductive couplings of aromatic esters were developed. A range of (hetero)aromatic esters was applicable to these reductive homocoupling reactions. Moreover, it was found that Pd-catalysis enables a reductive decarbonylative cross-coupling between two different aromatic esters to afford a nonsymmetrical biaryls system.
A real-time safe path planning system for cooperative robots
Authors: He Yan , Lu Tao , Cai Yinghao 
Published: May 2022

Background: A cooperative robot is a robot requested to co-work with humans efficiently and safely in an environment with flexible arrangements. Safe path planning is a crucial issue which must be resolved during human-robot cooperation. In this paper, we present a safe path planning system that could plan the manipulation path in real-time based on the environmental changes and guarantees safety when the robot interacts with the environment and humans. Methods: In this system, we first build a real-time obstacle Octomap from the environment RGB-D (red green blue-depth) images, which can effectively differentiate the robot from other obstacles in the environment and eliminate the robots influence during the map building. And then, we adopt the rapidly exploring random trees-Connect method to plan the safe path in the Octomap. When the planning path is obstructed by the dynamic objects, the system will re-plan the new safe path based on the changed Octomap. Results: The experimental results show that our system can effectively avoid obstacles in a dynamic environment and safely reach the manipulation destination. Conclusions: We propose a real-time safe path planning system for cooperative robots, which can guarantee the safety of manipulation.
Datasets on the variations of minerals in biofortified cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a function of storage root portion, maturity and environment
Authors: Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Maziya-Dixon Busie , Dixon Alfred 
Published: May 2022

Background: The accurate measurements of the mineral content of cassava roots are vital from a nutritional perspective. The research datasets were from the study assessing the influence of storage root portion, maturity, and environment on the variations of minerals in biofortified cassava roots. Methods: Twenty-five biofortified clones with three varieties as checks were harvested 12 months after planting from five different environments. Also, a different thirty-nine (39) biofortified cassava clones from the unlimited yield trials (UYTs) that included five (5) white-fleshed varieties (as control) were harvested at the age of 9 and 12 months after planting. In addition, two different methods of sample preparations were employed, using a cork borer and without a cork borer. The samples’ elemental (minerals) analysis was determined using a standard laboratory method. Results and conclusion: The breeders could use the data in their biofortification cassava programs to know the distribution of minerals in the roots and identify the best promising pipelines. Also, the data could be used by food scientists and nutritionists to understand the parts of the roots with optimum minerals to design their processing protocols and to know those genotypes specific to different environments that could be used for various nutrition intervention programs.
Phase II trial of nafamostat mesilate/gemcitabin/S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Uwagawa Tadashi , Sakamoto Taro , Gocho Takeshi , Shiba Hiroaki , Onda Shinji , Yasuda Jungo , Shirai Yoshihiro , Hamura Ryoga , Furukawa Kenei , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Ikegami Toru 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
To assess the efficacy of combination chemotherapy with nafamostat mesilate, gemcitabine and S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer patients.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted as a single-arm, single center, institutional review board-approved phase II trial. Patients received nafamosntat mesilate (4.8 mg/kg continuous transregional arterial infusion) with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 transvenous) on days 1 and15, and with oral S-1 [(80 mg/day (BSA<1.25 m2), 100 mg/day (1.25 ≤ BSA<1.5 m2), or 120 mg/day (BSA ≥1.5 m2)] on days 1–14 or, days 1–7 and 15–21. This regimen was repeated at 28-day intervals.

Results
Forty-seven evaluable patients (Male/Female: 31/16, Age (median): 66 (range 35–78) yrs, Stage III/IV 10/37.) were candidates in this study. Two patients in stage III (20%) could undergo conversion surgery. Twenty-four patients (51%) underwent subsequent treatment (1st line/ 2nd line / 4th line, 13/ 10/ 1, FOLFIRINOX: 12, GEM/nab-PTX: 18, TAS-118: 3, chemoradiation with S-1: 2, GEM/Erlotinib: 1, nal-IRI: 1, surgery: 2). Median PFS and OS were 9.7 (95% CI, 8.9–14.7 mo) and 14.2 months (99% CI, 13.3–23.9 mo), respectively. Median PFS in stage IV patients was 9.2 months (95% CI, 8.4–12.0 mo). Median OS in patients without subsequent treatment was 10.8 months (95% CI, 9.1–13.8 mo). Median OS in patients with subsequent treatment was 19.3 months (95% CI, 18.9–31.9 mo). Grade 4 treatment-related hematological toxicities were encountered in 7 patients. Two patients developed grade 3 allergic reaction after 6 cycles or later. No febrile neutropenia has been observed.

Conclusion
NAM/GEM/S-1 therapy is safe and could be promising option for unresectable pancreatic cancer, especially for stage IV cancer.