bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of 4D dS/AdS Gauss–Bonnet black holes according to consistent gravity theory in the presence of a cloud of strings
Authors: Ghaffarnejad Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
By looking at the Lovelock theorem one can infer that the gravity model given by [1] cannot be applicable for all types of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) curved space-time. The reason for this is that in 4D space-time, the Gauss–Bonnet invariant is a total derivative and hence it does not contribute to gravitational dynamics. Hence, the authors of [2] presented an alternative consistent EGB gravity model instead of [1] by applying a break-of-diffeomorphism property. In this work, we use the alternative model to produce a de Sitter (dS)/Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole metric and then investigate its thermodynamic behavior in the presence of a cloud of Nambu–Goto strings. Mathematical derivations show that the resulting diagrams of pressure vs specific volume at a constant temperature are similar to that for a van der Waals gas/fluid in an ordinary thermodynamic system in the dS sector but not in the AdS background. From this, we infer that the black hole participates in the small-to-large black hole phase transition in the dS background, while it exhibits a Hawking–Page phase transition in the AdS background. In the latter case, an evaporating black hole eventually reaches an AdS vacuum space because of its instability.
Machine learning classification for D0 meson signal extraction in d+Au collisions
Authors: Bielčík J. , Hladká K. , Kramárik L. , Kůs V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In heavy-ion collisions at large particle colliders, such as
LHC or RHIC, heavy-flavour (charm and beauty) quarks are produced
mainly through initial hard scatterings. Therefore, they can serve
as the probes of properties of the hot medium created in such
collisions. Additionally, in small collision systems, such as
d/p+Au collisions, cold nuclear matter effects can also affect the
charm quark production with respect to p+p collisions.

Hadrons, that contain heavy-flavour quarks, could not be directly
detected, thus they are measured via reconstruction of their decay
products. However, due to a large number of particles produced in
such collisions, separation of the decay products from combinatorial
background is challenging and advanced statistical analysis is
needed.

In this article, we exploit
D0 (D0)→K-
π+ (K+ π-) decay in order to investigate
performance of several machine learning algorithms with different
implementation approaches to find the most effective way how to
separate signal from random combinatorial background. For this
study, we use HIJING and STAR detector simulation of d+Au collisions
at √(sNN)=200 GeV embedded to the collisions recorded with the
STAR. In this paper we compare deep neural network implemented
using Keras with TensorFlow backend, random forest model implemented
using scikit-learn and boosted decision trees implemented by means
of the Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT. Described
methods might be applied on reconstruction of any two-body decay in
high-energy physics experiments.
Nowcasting tracks of severe convective storms in West Africa from observations of land surface state
Authors: Taylor Christopher M , Klein Cornelia , Dione Cheikh , Parker Douglas J , Marsham John , Abdoulahat Diop Cheikh , Fletcher Jennifer , Saidou Chaibou Abdoul Aziz , Nafissa Dignon Bertin , Semeena Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen , Cole Steven J , Anderson Seonaid R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In tropical convective climates, where numerical weather prediction of rainfall has high uncertainty, nowcasting provides essential alerts of extreme events several hours ahead. In principle, short-term prediction of intense convective storms could benefit from knowledge of the slowly evolving land surface state in regions where soil moisture controls surface fluxes. Here we explore how near-real time (NRT) satellite observations of the land surface and convective clouds can be combined to aid early warning of severe weather in the Sahel on time scales of up to 12 h. Using land surface temperature (LST) as a proxy for soil moisture deficit, we characterise the state of the surface energy balance in NRT. We identify the most convectively active parts of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) from spatial filtering of cloud-top temperature imagery. We find that predictive skill provided by LST data is maximised early in the rainy season, when soils are drier and vegetation less developed. Land-based skill in predicting intense convection extends well beyond the afternoon, with strong positive correlations between daytime LST and MCS activity persisting as far as the following morning in more arid conditions. For a Forecasting Testbed event during September 2021, we developed a simple technique to translate LST data into NRT maps quantifying the likelihood of convection based solely on land state. We used these maps in combination with convective features to nowcast the tracks of existing MCSs, and predict likely new initiation locations. This is the first time to our knowledge that nowcasting tools based principally on land observations have been developed. The strong sensitivity of Sahelian MCSs to soil moisture, in combination with MCS life times of typically 6–18 h, opens up the opportunity for nowcasting of hazardous weather well beyond what is possible from atmospheric observations alone, and could be applied elsewhere in the semi-arid tropics.
An investigation on the precipitates in T5 treated high vacuum die-casting AE44–2 magnesium alloy
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Wang Jinhui , Ma Hongbin , Zhen Zisheng , Liu Yanzhuo , Zhang Honggang , Jin Peipeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The AE44-2 magnesium alloy was fabricated via die-casting under high vacuum (denoted as HVDC-AE44-2 alloy). The microstructures and mechanical properties of the aged HVDC-AE44-2 alloys were investigated. It was found that age strengthening can be achieved in the HVDC-AE44-2 alloys.The hardness, the yield strengths (YS) and the ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of the HVDC-AE44-2 alloys after aging at 200 °C for 12 h (T5) increased by 8.8 HV, 30.5 MPa and 22.6 MPa, respectively, while the the elongations remained almost at the same level (The elongation was 19.6% in the die casting. The elongation was 19.1% in aged at 200 ℃ for 12h). It was also found that the improved age hardening ability was closely related to the Al4Mn and Al11Mn4 precipitation during aging. Both the α-Mg and the Al11RE3 have crystallographic orientation relationships with the Al4Mn. The slipping of dislocations was impeded by the precipitates during tensile deformation at room temperature, and the 〈a〉 dislocations were accumulated around the precipitates, which is the reason for the increase of the HVDC-AE44-2 alloy strength.
Hot corrosion behaviour of constant and pulsed current welded Hastelloy X in Na2SO4, V2O5, and NaCl salt mixture at 900 °C
Authors: Sathishkumar M , Manikandan M , Arivazhagan N , Arulmurugan B , Kumaran Selvaraj Senthil , Vignesh M , Rajakumar S , Rajkumar S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The high-temperature corrosion behavior of constant current gas tungsten arc (GTA) and pulsed current gas tungsten arc (PCGTA) welded Hastelloy X with different filler wires (C263 and ERNiCr-3) are studied for 50 cycles at 900 °C. Molten salt I (MS I) (75% Na2SO4 + 25% V2O5) and molten salt II (MS II) (75% Na2SO4 + 20% V2O5 + 5% NaCl) were coated on the welded specimens. MS II coated substrate shows the highest weight gain than MS I with a parabolic constant for GTA ERNiCr-3 as 21.440 × 10–6 mg2/(cm4.s). Whereas PCGTA C263 welded sample with MS I, revealed parabolic constant (lowest) of 0.008 × 10–6 mg2/ (cm4.s). Based on the results, an increasing pattern of hot corrosion resistance of substrates is arranged as GTA ERNiCr-3 < GTA C263 < PCGTA C263 < PCGTA ERNiCr-3. PCGTA shows more refined grains, higher grain boundary volume, better corrosion resistance, and more protective phases like Cr2O3, NiO, NiCr2O4, CoCr2O4, Al2O3, NiFe2O4, NbO than GTA weldment. But phases such as Fe2O3, MoO3, and Cr2S3 (non-protective phases) decrease corrosion resistance due to acid fluxing of alloying elements that promote the oxide scale exfoliation, spallation, chipping, and cracking. This study observed that PCGTA with C263 filler in MS I and MS II environment provides good corrosion resistance at high temperatures.
Leaf-level chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance spectra of high latitude plants
Authors: Huemmrich K Fred , Campbell Petya , Vargas Z Sergio A , Sackett Sarah , Unger Steven , May Jeremy , Tweedie Craig , Middleton Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Little is known about the chlorophyll fluorescence spectra for high latitude plants. A FluoWat leaf clip was used to measure leaf-level reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of leaves of common high latitude plants to examine general spectral characteristics of these species. Fluorescence yield (Fyield) was calculated as the ratio of the emitted fluorescence divided by the absorbed radiation for the wavelengths from 400 nm up to the wavelength of the cut-off for the FluoWat low pass filter (either 650 or 700 nm). The Fyield spectra grouped into distinctly different patterns among different plant functional types. Black spruce (Picea mariana) Fyield spectra had little red fluorescence, which was reabsorbed in the shoot, but displayed a distinct far-red peak. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) had both high red and far-red Fyield peaks, as did sweet coltsfoot (Petasites frigidus). Cotton grass (Eriophorum spp.) had both red and far-red Fyield peaks, but these peaks were much lower than for aspen or coltsfoot. Sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.) had a distinct Fyield red peak but low far-red fluorescence. Reindeer moss lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) had very low fluorescence levels, although when damp displayed a small red Fyield peak. These high latitude vegetation samples showed wide variations in Fyield spectral shapes. The Fyield values for the individual red or far-red peaks were poorly correlated to chlorophyll content, however the ratio of far-red to red Fyield showed a strong correlation with chlorophyll content. The spectral variability of these plants may provide information for remote sensing of vegetation type but may also confound attempts to measure high latitude vegetation biophysical characteristics and function using solar induced fluorescence (SIF).
Norm one Tori and Hasse norm principle
Authors: Hoshi Akinari , Kanai Kazuki , Yamasaki Aiichi 
Published: February 2022

Let

k
k

be a field and

T
T

be an algebraic

k
k

-torus. In 1969, over a global field

k
k

, Voskresenskiǐ proved that there exists an exact sequence

0
→
A
(
T
)
→

H
1

(
k
,
Pic
⁡

X
¯

)
∨

→

Ш

(
T
)
→
0

0\to A(T)\to H^1(k,\operatorname {Pic}\overline {X})^\vee \to \Sha (T)\to 0

where

A
(
T
)

A(T)

is the kernel of the weak approximation of

T
T

,

Ш

(
T
)

\Sha (T)

is the Shafarevich-Tate group of

T
T

,

X
X

is a smooth

k
k

-compactification of

T
T

,

X
¯

=
X

×
k

k
¯

\overline {X}=X\times _k\overline {k}

,

Pic
⁡

X
¯

\operatorname {Pic}\overline {X}

is the Picard group of

X
¯

\overline {X}

and

∨
\vee

stands for the Pontryagin dual. On the other hand, in 1963, Ono proved that for the norm one torus

T
=

R

K

/

k

(
1
)

(

G

m

)

T=R^{(1)}_{K/k}(\mathbb {G}_m)

of

K

/

k

K/k

,

Ш

(
T
)
=
0

\Sha (T)=0

if and only if the Hasse norm principle holds for

K

/

k

K/k

. First, we determine

H
1

(
k
,
Pic
⁡

X
¯

)

H^1(k,\operatorname {Pic} \overline {X})

for algebraic

k
k

-tori

T
T

up to dimension

5
5

. Second, we determine

H
1

(
k
,
Pic
⁡

X
¯

)

H^1(k,\operatorname {Pic} \overline {X})

for norm one tori

T
=

R

K

/

k

(
1
)

(

G

m

)

T=R^{(1)}_{K/k}(\mathbb {G}_m)

with

[
K
:
k
]
=
n
≤
15

[K:k]=n\leq 15

and

n
≠
12

n\neq 12

. We also show that

H
1

(
k
,
Pic
⁡

X
¯

)
=
0

H^1(k,\operatorname {Pic} \overline {X})=0

for

T
=

R

K

/

k

(
1
)

(

G

m

)

T=R^{(1)}_{K/k}(\mathbb {G}_m)

when the Galois group of the Galois closure of

K

/

k

K/k

is the Mathieu group

M
n

≤

S
n

M_n\leq S_n

with

n
=
11
,
12
,
22
,
23
,
24

n=11,12,22,23,24

. Third, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the Hasse norm principle for

K

/

k

K/k

with

[
K
:
k
]
=
n
≤
15

[K:k]=n\leq 15

and

n
≠
12

n\neq 12

. As applications of the results, we get the group

T
(
k
)

/

R

T(k)/R

of

R
R

-equivalence classes over a local field

k
k

via Colliot-Thélène and Sansuc’s formula and the Tamagawa number

τ
(
T
)

\tau (T)

over a number field

k
k

via Ono’s formula

τ
(
T
)
=

|

H
1

(
k
,

T
^

)

|

/

|

Ш

(
T
)

|

\tau (T)=|H^1(k,\widehat {T})|/|\Sha (T)|

.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to invest in care home research infrastructure
Authors: Gordon Adam L , Rick Caroline , Juszczak Ed , Montgomery Alan , Howard Rob , Guthrie Bruce , Lim Wei Shen , Shenkin Susan , Leighton Paul , Bath Philip M ,   the PROTECT-CH Triallists, Jonathan Ball , Matthew Glover , Jonathan Hewitt , Thomas Jaki , Dan Lasserson , Pip Logan , Philip Quinlan , Val Tate 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in catastrophic levels of morbidity and mortality for care home residents. Despite this, research platforms for COVID-19 in care homes arrived late in the pandemic compared with other care settings. The Prophylactic Therapy in Care Homes Trial (PROTECT-CH) was established to provide a platform to deliver multi-centre cluster-randomized clinical trials of investigational medicinal products for COVID-19 prophylaxis in UK care homes. Commencing set-up in January 2021, this involved the design and development of novel infrastructure for contracting and recruitment, remote consent, staff training, research insurance, eligibility screening, prescribing, dispensing and adverse event reporting; such infrastructure being previously absent. By the time this infrastructure was in place, the widespread uptake of vaccination in care homes had changed the epidemiology of COVID-19 rendering the trial unfeasible. While some of the resources developed through PROTECT-CH will enable the future establishment of care home platform research, the near absence of care home trial infrastructure and nationally linked databases involving the care home sector will continue to significantly hamper progress. These issues are replicated in most other countries. Beyond COVID-19, there are many other research questions that require addressing to provide better care to people living in care homes. PROTECT-CH has exposed a clear need for research funders to invest in, and legislate for, an effective care home research infrastructure as part of national pandemic preparedness planning. Doing so would also invigorate care home research in the interim, leading to improved healthcare delivery specific to those living in this sector.
Pharmacists’ impact on quality and financial metrics utilizing virtual care platforms during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Glovacz Joseph W , Betts Sarah G , Cross Steven , Powell Justin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Because of rising concern about coronavirus disease 2019 transmission, there has been a large shift from face-to-face, in-office visits to a virtual care model. The purpose of this article is to explain how Ascension Florida Gulf Coast was able to maximize the utility of ambulatory care pharmacists (ACPs) in the primary care setting during the pandemic and to provide guidance for creating a sustainable billing and practice model in the event of another global health crisis.

Summary
By employing telehealth services, our ACPs were able to continue to co-manage chronic disease states for documented diagnoses while still maintaining health-system revenue in the midst of a global health crisis. Utilizing various virtual platforms, ACPs were able to accommodate the needs of our patients while addressing concerns related to the compatibility and user friendliness of the platforms for our diverse patient population. ACPs used traditional incident-to evaluation and management services current procedural terminology billing codes with a virtual visit modifier for billing and tracking purposes.

Conclusion
Utilizing various virtual care platforms, our ACPs completed 447 patient encounters within the first 7 months of the pandemic. During this time, our ACPs addressed various population health metrics, specifically for patients diagnosed with diabetes without an active claim for a cholesterol-lowering medication, in addition to performing chronic disease management. Our ACPs had a 23% success rate for statin initiation in patients reviewed and contacted. By adopting virtual care options, our ACPs were able to effectively co-manage and educate patients while improving quality metrics and generating $50,662.24 in billable encounters for the health system during a global health crisis. The addition of ACP virtual encounters to primary care clinics both increases access to healthcare and improves patient care quality and outcomes while limiting revenue losses in our local health system.
Real-world evaluation of insulin requirements after GLP1 agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor initiation and titration
Authors: George Jamie , Lobkovich Alison , Nardolillo Joseph , Farhat Nada , Kolander Sarah , Thomas Emily 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe insulin adjustments made following initiation of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist (GLP1a) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy in patients within a primary care setting.

Methods
This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted at an academic health system. Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiated on a GLP1a or SGLT2i while on insulin and managed by an ambulatory care pharmacist were included. The primary endpoint was the percent change in total daily insulin dose at specified time points (2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months) after agent initiation. The secondary endpoints included a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of less than 8%, change from baseline HbA1c, and safety profiles of GLP1a therapy and SGLT2i therapy.

Results
Of the 150 patients included, 123 were initiated on a GLP1a and 27 on an SGLT2i. After 6 months, GLP1a initiation had resulted in a mean 23.5% decrease (P &lt; 0.001) in insulin dosage and SGLT2i resulted in a mean 0.2% increase (P = 0.20). Insulin dosage reduction with GLP1a use was significantly different between baseline and each time point (P &lt; 0.001). About 72% of patients initiated on a GLP1a and 59% of those initiated on an SGLT2i achieved an HbA1c value of less than 8%. The mean absolute change from baseline in HbA1c concentration was –1.7% with GLP1a use and –1.5% with SGLT2i use (P &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons with baseline values). Hypoglycemia occurred in 21% of patients on a GLP1a and 11% of those on an SGLT2i.

Conclusion
After GLP1a initiation, the mean total daily insulin dose decreased by 23.5%; after SGLT2i initiation, insulin requirements increased by a mean of 0.2%. These results will help guide insulin adjustments after initiation of these medications.
Comparison of the stability of CYP105A1 and its variants engineered for production of active forms of vitamin D
Authors: Takita Teisuke , Sakuma Hiro , Ohashi Ren , Nilouyal Somaye , Nemoto Sho , Wada Moeka , Yogo Yuya , Yasuda Kaori , Ikushiro Shinichi , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Yasukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
CYP105A1 from Streptomyces griseolus converts vitamin D3 to its biologically active form, 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. R73A/R84A mutation enhanced the 1α- and 25-hydroxylation activity for vitamin D3, while M239A mutation generated the 1α-hydroxylation activity for vitamin D2. In this study, the stability of six CYP105A1 enzymes, including 5 variants (R73A/R84A, M239A, R73A/R84A/M239A (=TriA), TriA/E90A, and TriA/E90D), was examined. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that M239A markedly reduces the enzyme stability. Protein fluorescence analysis disclosed that these mutations, especially M239A, induce large changes in the local conformation around Trp residues. Strong stabilizing effect of glycerol was observed. Nondenaturing PAGE analysis showed that CYP105A1 enzymes are prone to self-association. Fluorescence analysis using a hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid suggested that M239A mutation enhances self-association and that E90A and E90D mutations, in cooperation with M239A, accelerate self-association with little effect on the stability.
Bibliometric review of ATAC-Seq and its application in gene expression
Authors: Luo Liheng , Gribskov Michael , Wang Sufang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing, it is possible to describe the regulation and expression of genes at multiple levels. An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), which uses Tn5 transposase to sequence protein-free binding regions of the genome, can be combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) to provide a detailed description of gene expression. Here, we reviewed the literature on ATAC-seq and described the characteristics of ATAC-seq publications. We then briefly introduced the principles of RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq, focusing on the main features of the techniques. We built a phylogenetic tree from species that had been previously studied by using ATAC-seq. Studies of Mus musculus and Homo sapiens account for approximately 90% of the total ATAC-seq data, while other species are still in the process of accumulating data. We summarized the findings from human diseases and other species, illustrating the cutting-edge discoveries and the role of multi-omics data analysis in current research. Moreover, we collected and compared ATAC-seq analysis pipelines, which allowed biological researchers who lack programming skills to better analyze and explore ATAC-seq data. Through this review, it is clear that multi-omics analysis and single-cell sequencing technology will become the mainstream approach in future research.
Research progress of miRNA–disease association prediction and comparison of related algorithms
Authors: Yu Liang , Zheng Yujia , Ju Bingyi , Ao Chunyan , Gao Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith an in-depth understanding of noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA), many studies have shown that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in human diseases. Because traditional biological experiments are time-consuming and laborious, new calculation methods have recently been developed to predict associations between miRNA and diseases. In this review, we collected various miRNA–disease association prediction models proposed in recent years and used two common data sets to evaluate the performance of the prediction models. First, we systematically summarized the commonly used databases and similarity data for predicting miRNA–disease associations, and then divided the various calculation models into four categories for summary and detailed introduction. In this study, two independent datasets (D5430 and D6088) were compiled to systematically evaluate 11 publicly available prediction tools for miRNA–disease associations. The experimental results indicate that the methods based on information dissemination and the method based on scoring function require shorter running time. The method based on matrix transformation often requires a longer running time, but the overall prediction result is better than the previous two methods. We hope that the summary of work related to miRNA and disease will provide comprehensive knowledge for predicting the relationship between miRNA and disease and contribute to advanced computation tools in the future.