bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High risk of predation suppresses behavioural differences among bold and shy social prey individuals
Authors: Balaban-Feld Jesse , Vijayan Sundararaj , Mitchell William A. , Kotler Burt P. , Badichi Shamir , Abramsky Zvika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prey animals must attempt to optimize foraging success while reducing the probability of being captured. Within social prey groups, intrinsic differences in bold-shy personality among individuals influence their respective risk-taking tendencies. We examined the foraging and refuge use behaviour of mixed groups of goldfish (Carassius auratus) containing half bold individuals and half shy individuals under variable levels of predation risk from a live avian predator (Egretta garzetta). At the group level, the fish groups significantly decreased their foraging time by spending more time under the refuge when the predator spent more time at the focal pool. As expected, the bold fish tended to be the first to leave the refuge, and foraged outside the refuge more often than shy fish under control conditions and at lower risk levels. However, the behavioural differences between bold and shy fish disappeared under higher risk conditions. In terms of mortality, the predator captured significantly more bold fish than shy fish. Our study illustrates how bold individuals in social groups often take greater risks to achieve foraging success, but demonstrates that innate differences in boldness can be diminished in times of elevated predation risk.
An exploratory study of cooperation: food-sharing behaviour in wild varied white-fronted capuchin monkeys (Cebus versicolor) in Central Colombia
Authors: De Aquino Itzel , González-Santoyo Isaac , Link Andres , Muñoz-Delgado Jairo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Food-sharing is a cooperative behaviour related to the transfer of resources between conspecifics, and it is considered a complex prosocial behaviour because of its associated costs. It is more likely that an individual cooperates with closely related kin (e.g., in food sharing), and particularly with close maternal kin. In female philopatric species, such as Cebus spp., mother–offspring bonds likely explain patterns of maternal kin biases. On the other hand, the explanation of the evolution of food-sharing among non-kin is diverse. Capuchin monkeys (genera Cebus and Sapajus) are interesting to study cooperation since this is a critical behaviour to gain and protect ecological and reproductive resources in the wild, including care of their offspring. We performed an experimental protocol to induce behavioural observations with a provisioning technique using chicken eggs in a wild group of white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus versicolor). We aimed to test whether this white-faced capuchin monkeys engaged in food-sharing in the wild, describing the pattern of this cooperative behaviour. Furthermore, we also described some conditions that might affect this behaviour. We observed that these capuchins shared the eggs in passive exchanges, meaning that possessors let other individuals to eat from their egg. Our results further suggest that these exchanges may be due to mainly maternal kin biases. This study offers a preliminary observation of a little-studied capuchin species in the wild and adds information about how cooperation works in the wild.
Jihad o rivoluzione? Percorsi martirologici ed escatologia politica nell’Islam cinese
Authors: Previato Tommaso 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Messianic Islam and socialism are often contrasted as either fighting each other or joining their forces against colonialism. If in late imperial China the Islamic legal duty of jihād (lit. struggle) was a byproduct of anti-dynastic uprisings by means of which reformist movements—linked to alienated offshoots of Naqshbandiyya Sufism—sought to legitimate religiously-based violence against the Qing state, during the country’s transition toward a republican system of government such duty became aligned with the state-driven program of nation-building and Chinese-distinctive brand of socialism. By so doing, the jihad added momentum to the Xinhai Revolution initiated by Sun Yat-sen, and its military ideology amalgamated with Sun’s political philosophy which was eventually remoulded by Muslim progressive circles within the Kuomintang or close to Mao Tse-tung’s Red Army and the soviet-style regime installed in Yan’an. Based on the analysis of hagiographical materials and periodicals of the first half of the 20th century, the paper sheds light on this critical juncture in the history of modern China that saw statesmen, revolutionary leaders, and religious élites validate jihad and discourses of pan-Islamic solidarity in a combined effort to boost national unity among ethnic minorities and armed resistance to foreign aggression.
Financial and Inpatient Burden of Adhesion-Related Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Emile Sameh Hany , Zhou Peige , Silva-Alvarenga Emanuela , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: September 2022

Background Postoperative adhesions may occur after >90% of laparotomies and is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). Despite the high incidence, there is a lack of data related to financial implications of adhesion-related SBO (ASBO). This systematic literature review of in-hospital costs for treatment of ASBO searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Exclusion criteria were reviews, editorials, clinical vignettes, studies of patients <18 years of age, studies with no English full text and studies assessing adhesiolysis for causes other than SBO or that used extrapolations with economic models. Main outcome measures were financial costs per patient and national costs. Results Seven studies, published between 1999 and 2016, incorporating a total of 39 573 patients, were identified. Four were undertaken in European countries, one in the USA, 1 in New Zealand and 1 in Nigeria. Overall national costs regarding treatment of patients with ASBO ranged between $3.468 million and $1.77 billion. Median overall cost in the medical management group was $2371.5 ($1814-$2568) vs $12370 ($4914-$25321) in the surgical group. Median length of stay was 4 (3-7) days for patients conservatively treated and 11.5 (8-16.3) days for patients who underwent surgery. Median length of stay of operated patients on was almost triple that of patients conservatively managed. Conclusions Given the major financial implications of ASBO, further initiatives are needed to avoid operations for SBO when clinically appropriate and minimize delays taking patients with high suspicion of complete SBO to the operating room.
Arytenoid Abduction: Indications and Limitations
Authors: Woodson Gayle 
Published: September 2022

Objectives I report further experience with arytenoid abduction (AAb), a procedure that enlarges the glottis by external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage and thus moves the vocal process laterally and rostrally, but does not preclude adduction for phonation. Therefore, AAb has the potential to preserve voice in patients with bilateral abductor laryngeal paralysis. Methods I performed a retrospective review of AAb in 11 patients with bilateral laryngeal paralysis and 3 patients with other neurologic causes of glottal airway compromise, ie, adductor breathing dystonia, frequent laryngospasm, and progressive laryngeal breathing dysfunction. Results Seven of the 11 patients with bilateral paralysis had dramatic airway improvement. One patient required a tracheotomy after AAb, and 3 patients with an existing tracheotomy could not be decannulated. Arytenoid abduction relieved airway obstruction in the patient with recurrent laryngospasm and in the child with progressive laryngeal breathing dysfunction, but the patient with adductor breathing dystonia has persistent stridor. The factors associated with a poor airway outcome included prolonged tracheotomy, electromyographic evidence of inspiratory activity of adductor muscles, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, and prior cordotomy or arytenoidectomy. Conclusions Arytenoid abduction is most effective in patients with bilateral laryngeal paralysis of less than 1 year's duration who do not have unfavorable laryngeal adductor activity.
Developing the Freezing of Gait Severity Tool: A Delphi consensus study to determine the content of a clinician-rated assessment for freezing of gait severity
Authors: Scully Aileen E , de Oliveira Beatriz IR , Hill Keith D , Tan Dawn , Pua Yong Hao , Clark Ross , Burton Elissa 
Published: September 2022

Objectives There is no standardisation of tasks or measures for evaluation of freezing of gait severity in people with Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to develop a clinician-rated tool for freezing of gait severity (i.e. Freezing of Gait Severity Tool), through determining clinicians’ ratings of the most important triggering circumstances to be examined and aspects of freezing of gait to be measured. Design A three-round, web-based Delphi study. Participants Healthcare professionals, with at least five years’ experience in managing freezing of gait in people with Parkinson. Main outcome measures Round 1 required participants ( n  =  28) to rate items on a 5-point Likert scale, based on priority for inclusion in the Freezing of Gait Severity Tool. In Round 2, participants ( n  =  18) ranked the items based on priority for inclusion. In Round 3, participants ( n  =  18) confirmed or rejected the shortlisted items by judging their ability, on a binary scale, to screen for freezing of gait, detect changes in freezing severity, and discriminate between degrees of severity. Results Participants agreed with the triggering circumstances of turning hesitation, narrow space hesitation, start hesitation, cognitive dual-tasking, and open space hesitation should be assessed; and the aspects of gait freezing to be measured included freezing type, number of freezing episodes during a task, and average duration of freezing episodes. Conclusions This study attained a consensus for the items to be included in a clinician-rated tool for freezing of gait severity. Future studies should investigate psychometric properties and clinical feasibility of the Freezing of Gait Severity Tool.
Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Adolescent Students’ Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale (ASBPNSS) and Evidence of Differential Associations With Indicators of Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Inman Richard A. , Costa Pedro J. C. , Moreira Paulo A. S. 
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of the Adolescent Students’ Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale (ASBPNSS). For this, we used data from a sample of eighth graders ( N = 1648; Mage = 14.1 years; 46.9% girls) from Portugal. Cronbach alpha and omega coefficients showed the ASBPNSS subscales—autonomy, relatedness, and competence—were reliable. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed the hypothesized three-factor model fit the data well. Multi-group CFAs showed the ASBPNSS had scalar invariance across gender and students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Finally, need satisfaction in school was positively correlated with positive affect and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with negative affect. These findings support the theoretical assumptions of Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT), and particularly the assumption that basic needs are universally applicable. We conclude the ASBPNSS is a reliable and valid measure of basic need satisfaction at school in Portuguese adolescents.
Captive Market Pricing and Lack of Transportation: A Survey of Undergraduate Food Insecurity at a Public University in New England
Authors: Zigmont Victoria A , Anziano Jennifer , Schwartz Elizabeth , Gallup Peggy 
Published: September 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of food insecurity among college students and its relationship to on-campus food purchasing patterns and barriers to eating a healthy and sufficient diet, including the relative cost of food items on campus compared to national chain grocery stores. Design A campus-wide survey using stratified sampling among undergraduates and food audit. Setting An urban public university in New England. Subjects A total of 951 surveys completed by undergraduates. Measures Demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and food security status (measured using the USDA 6-item short form) were collected. Method Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to describe differences between food insecure and food secure undergraduates. Results Overall, 35% of undergraduates experienced food insecurity in the past year (response rate = 92%). Food insecure undergraduates had different on-campus purchasing patterns than their food secure counterparts. Food insecure students were more likely to report barriers to healthy eating on all measures, including prices (AOR= 8.12, P < .0001), to experience housing insecurity (AOR= 2.64, P = .001) and to report that transportation is a barrier to buying groceries (AOR= 1.63, P = .01). After multivariable adjustment, food insecure undergraduates had higher odds of being African American (AOR= 1.57, P = .031) or other races (more than 1 race) (AOR= 3.35, P = .002) compared to white undergraduates. Conclusions Food insecure college students face a variety of barriers to healthy eating on campus, including high food pricing on campus and limited transportation options. Further research is needed to inform campus resource development, policies and programming focused on food insecurity prevention for college students.
“The Crossover to Hospice”: Perspectives of Home Healthcare Nurses and Social Workers
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Oni-Eseleh Ohiro , Rosati Robert J. , Stefancic Ana 
Published: September 2022

Background: Although home healthcare(HHC) clinicians increasingly provide care to a homebound population with advanced illness and high symptom burden, we know little about how HHC clinicians navigate discussions about hospice with patients and families in this setting. Objective We sought to explore perspectives on transition from HHC to hospice among HHC nurses and social workers. Design PQualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Results: Fifteen nurses and 3 Social workers participated in the study. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Regulatory Forces of Hospice and HHC; (2) Structure of HHC; (3) Individual beliefs—Hospice means giving up; and (4) Dynamics of Communication in HHC to Facilitate Transitions to Hospice. Conclusion Introducing the option of hospice to patients and families nearing end-of-life in the HHC setting is complex and challenging. Facilitators of hospice discussions in the HHC setting include interdisciplinary team-based clinical review, clinical decision support tools to identify patients who are hospice-eligible, and staff training. These factors provide targets for future interventions.
Depression, Anxiety, and Their Association to Health-Related Quality of Life in Men Commencing Prostate Cancer Treatment at Tertiary Hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Irusen Hayley , Fernandez Pedro , Van der Merwe Andre , Suliman Sharain , Esterhuizen Tonya , Lazarus John , Parkes Jeannette , Seedat Soraya 
Published: September 2022

Background Comorbid depression and anxiety in men with localised prostate cancer (CaP) largely go undiagnosed and untreated and their effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men with CaP should not be underestimated. We examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its association with HRQOL in men about to commence treatment for CaP and the differences between treatment groups, radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT). Method One hundred and seven participants from a longitudinal prospective observational study assessing depression, anxiety and HRQOL in men with localised CaP (DAHCaP), were used in this cross-sectional analysis. Data were collected shortly before participants were scheduled to receive their treatment. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment in Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and (EORTC QLQ-PR25) were used in this analysis. Results Symptoms of depression pre-treatment were noted in 39.3%, state anxiety 28%, trait anxiety 31.4% and prostate cancer anxiety in 12.1% of participants. Statistically significant correlations ( P ≤ .05) with the CES-D and a cluster of symptoms on the EORTC QLQ-C30 domains for Global Health (rs = −.35), fatigue (rs = .38), pain (rs = .32), dyspnoea (rs = .28), insomnia (rs = .30) and finance (rs = .26) and EORTC QLQ-PR25 domains for urinary symptoms (rs = .43), bowel (rs = .43) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (rs = .41) were observed. Statistically significant correlations were also noted between the STAI-S and EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-PR25. No statistically significant difference was noted between treatments. Conclusion More men were depressed than anxious with significant associations with HRQOL prior to commencement of treatment. CaP treatments should focus not only on the prevailing indisposition but include a psychooncological and HRQOL assessment at pre-treatment in high-risk individuals.
Illness Perceptions and Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Geuens Sam , Leyen Kathelijne , Raymaekers Koen , Prikken Sofie , Willen Joanna , Goemans Nathalie , De Waele Liesbeth , Lemiere Jurgen , Luyckx Koen 
Published: September 2022

Background Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are intrusive medical conditions with implications for psychosocial development. Objectives This paper explores illness perceptions and illness identity dimensions of youth with NMD. First, we compare illness identity outcomes and illness perceptions of NMD patients with a comparison group of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Second, we report about the relationships between NMD-related variables and illness perceptions and illness identity. Methods Scores on the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Illness Identity Questionnaire were compared between a group of NMD patients ( N = 59; 12–22 years) and an age- and gender-matched group of DM patients ( N = 118). NMD-related variables included time since diagnosis, prognosis, wheelchair use, and physical limitations. Results Youth with NMD scored significantly higher on two of the four illness identity dimensions than youth with DM. NMD patients reported significantly less positive illness perceptions, experienced more physical symptoms, and had a lower score on understanding of their illness. Within the NMD group, wheelchair-users have a better understanding of their disease than those who are not wheelchair-bound. Conclusions The present study is the first to investigate illness identity and illness perceptions in NMD. More research is needed to provide insight in the identity formation process of the growing group of adolescents with NMDs.
Particle embolic agents for embolization of middle meningeal artery in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdollahifard Saeed , Farrokhi Amirmohammad , Yousefi Omid , Valibeygi Adib , Azami Pouria , Mowla Ashkan 
Published: September 2022

Objective In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) using particle embolic agents to treat cSDH. Methods To retrieve articles investigating outcomes of patients following MMAE with particle agents and to compare their outcome with conventional treatment, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords. Original articles with more than 10 cases were included. The meta-analysis was carried out using the R studio and the random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Peter's test and quality assessment using NIH tools. Results Eleven studies with 359 patients were included. The analysis revealed a pooled recurrence rate of 5% (CI: 3–8%), a need for reoperation rate of 5% (3–9%), and a peri-procedural complication rate of 4% (CI:2–9%) following MMAE with particle embolic agents. The pooled rates of decrease in size or resolution of the hematoma were 85% (CI:66–94%) and 66% (39–86%), respectively. Comparing MMAE using particulate embolysate with conventional treatments, risk ratio (RR) of 0.10 (CI:0.04–0.27) was achieved for recurrence, 0.25(CI:0.13–0.49) for reoperation, and 0.34 (CI:0.16–0.27) for peri-procedural complications. 91% of cSDH cases responded to MMAE with particles in the way they showed either down-sizing or complete resolution of the hematoma on follow-up imaging. In comparison, this rate was found to be 63% following conventional treatment. Conclusion Middle meningeal artery embolization using particle embolysates is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cSDH, whether as a standalone intervention or in combination with conventional treatments.
Emergency treatment of popliteal aneurysms: Single center experience and systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular versus open repair
Authors: Rebelo Artur , Partsakhashvili Jumber , Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , John Endres , Kleeff Jörg , Ukkat Jörg 
Published: September 2022

Background Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) were traditionally treated by open repair (OR). Endovascular repair (ER) has become a new treatment strategy. The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the current outcomes of OR and ER in the emergency treatment of PAA. Methods A systematic literature search of the PubMed/Medline database was carried out. Outcomes were 30-day mortality, morbidity, major amputation rate (30 days), major amputation rate (1 year), 1-year primary patency rate, 1-year secondary patency rate and 1-year survival. Additionally, we included clinical data of patients with popliteal aneurysms treated between 2009 and 2021 at the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Results We identified two cohort studies from 2014 and 2015 with a total of 199 patients that underwent emergent surgery (39 ER and 160 OR). We also included 26 patients from our institution. For emergency treatment, 30-day major amputation rates (18% vs 3%, Odds Ratio 5.82, 95% CI [1.75; 19.30], p = .004), 30-day mortality rates (10% vs 1%, Odds Ratio 5.57, 95% CI [1.01; 30.58], p = .05), 1-year major amputation rates (15% vs 6% Odds Ratio 3.61, 95% CI [1.18; 11.09], p = .02), 1-year loss of primary patency (54% vs 23%, Odds Ratio 3.19, 95% CI [0.91; 11.20], p = .07), and 1-year loss of secondary patency (44% vs 12%, Odds Ratio 6.91, 95% CI [3.01; 15.83], p < .05) were higher in the ER group when compared to the OR group. Conclusion Endovascular repair represents an alternative approach for the emergency treatment of PAA. Limited evidence from the available non-randomized studies shows unfavorable outcomes for patients undergoing ER. However, the results are prone to selection bias, and only randomized trials comparing ER to OR might reveal whether a subgroup of patients would benefit from ER as primary treatment of PAA in an emergency setting.