bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reanalysis air temperature and precipitation in high‐latitude Asia using ground‐based observations
Authors: Lan Huiting , Guo Donglin , Hua Wei , Pepin Nick , Sun Jianqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐latitude Asia (above 60°N) is highly sensitive to global climate change. Warming has led to frequent extreme climate events and has produced important impacts on both the ecological environment and social economy. However, station observations are scarce and there is limited climate change research in the region. Reanalysis data is a potential alternative to scarce observations, but its suitability in high‐latitude Asia has not been well evaluated. In this study, we systematically evaluate the abilities of five reanalysis datasets (MERRA‐2, CFSR, ERA‐Interim, JRA‐55, and ERA5) and one gridded observation dataset (CPC) to characterize mean/extreme temperature and precipitation in high‐latitude Asia through comparison with GHCN‐D station observations. All six datasets reasonably reproduce spatial and temporal variations in mean/extreme temperature and precipitation over the region and match well with the observed climatology. Of these datasets, CPC shows the best performance for mean/extreme temperature and precipitation in high‐latitude Asia, because it is produced through interpolation of station observations. Among the five reanalysis datasets, ERA5 overall shows the best agreement with observed spatiotemporal changes in mean/extreme temperature and precipitation, although it is not superior for all variables. Temperature is generally characterized better than precipitation in these datasets. These results will be helpful for the selection and improvement of reanalyses and thus further climate research in high‐latitude Asia.
Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK
Authors: Brugnara Yuri , McCarthy Mark P. , Willett Kate M. , Rayner Nick A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBuilding on previous experience with continental and global data sets, we use a quantile‐matching approach to homogenize temperature and humidity series measured by a network of 220 stations in the United Kingdom (UK). The data set spans 160 years at daily resolution, although data coverage varies greatly in time, space, and across variables. We use the homogenized data to analyse trends of the mean values as well as the lowest and highest quantiles of the distribution over the last 100 and 50 years. For the latter period, we find large regional differences, particularly between the southeastern and the northern part of the UK. The southeast has seen a faster warming, particularly for maximum temperatures in spring and summer, and a reduction of relative humidity; the northern mainland has become more humid and only slightly warmer. These differences become more evident for the highest quantiles and reflect a well‐known pattern of climate change affecting the extra‐tropics. Among the studied variables, the increases of wet bulb temperature and specific humidity are the most spatially homogeneous and are statistically significant for most stations in all seasons except winter.
A probabilistic view on modelling weather regimes
Authors: Baldo Alessandro , Locatelli Robin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe statistical modelling of weather regimes encompasses the definition of a framework involving a dimensionality reduction step to reduce the highly sparse feature space of weather anomaly maps, and unsupervised learning techniques to correctly categorize regimes. Across the literature's methodology, the two stages stick to a recurrent scheme: Empirical Orthogonal Functions or Principal Component Analysis are used to assess the former; a standard K‐Means clustering algorithm maps each datapoint to the closest‐matching regime. However, such a combination has to cope with an overall reduction in the modelling accuracy. In our study, we re‐think both the two steps in favour of a more dynamic methodology which we apply to the last 42‐years winters' geopotential anomaly maps in the North Atlantic‐European zone. The dimensionality reduction is tackled by means of Variational Autoencoders, leading to better compressed feature spaces, enhancing the datapoints separability. Finally, we employ two probabilistic clustering methods based on Gaussian and Dirichlet Process mixture models, enabling a more faithful recognition of weather regimes, and allowing to reproduce their dynamics and transitions.
Soil water status shapes nutrient cycling in agroecosystems from micrometer to landscape scales
Authors: Bauke Sara L. , Amelung Wulf , Bol Roland , Brandt Luise , Brüggemann Nicolas , Kandeler Ellen , Meyer Nele , Or Dani , Schnepf Andrea , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie , Siebers Nina , von Sperber Christian , Vereecken Harry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil water status, which refers to the wetness or dryness of soils, is crucial for the productivity of agroecosystems, as it determines nutrient cycling and uptake physically via transport, biologically via the moisture‐dependent activity of soil flora, fauna, and plants, and chemically via specific hydrolyses and redox reactions. Here, we focus on the dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) and review how soil water is coupled to the cycling of these elements and related stoichiometric controls across different scales within agroecosystems. These scales span processes at the molecular level, where nutrients and water are consumed, to processes in the soil pore system, within a soil profile and across the landscape. We highlight that with increasing mobility of the nutrients in water, water‐based nutrient flux may alleviate or even exacerbate imbalances in nutrient supply within soils, for example, by transport of mobile nutrients towards previously depleted microsites (alleviating imbalances), or by selective loss of mobile nutrients from microsites (increasing imbalances). These imbalances can be modulated by biological activity, especially by fungal hyphae and roots, which contribute to nutrient redistribution within soils, and which are themselves dependent on specific, optimal water availability. At larger scales, such small‐scale effects converge with nutrient inputs from atmospheric (wet deposition) or nonlocal sources and with nutrient losses from the soil system towards aquifers. Hence, water acts as a major control in nutrient cycling across scales in agroecosystems and may either exacerbate or remove spatial disparities in the availability of the individual nutrients (N, P, S) required for biological activity.
Detritus‐hosted methanogenesis sustains the methane paradox in an alpine lake
Authors: Bartosiewicz Maciej , Venetz Jessica , Läubli Saskia , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Bouffard Damien , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccumulation of methane in oxic waters of lakes and the ocean has been widely reported. Despite the importance for the greenhouse gas budget, mechanistic controls of such “methane paradox” remain elusive. Here, we use a combination of CH4 concentration and isotopic (δ13CCH4, δDH2O and δ18OH2O) measurements, plankton incubations and microbial community assessments to demonstrate the existence of the methane paradox in oxygenated waters of a meromictic lake (Lake Cadagno, Switzerland). Following mass dynamics using water isotopes, we exclude the possibility that the accumulation of CH4 at the thermocline results solely from lateral transport. Interannual variability in the magnitude of the methane paradox (between 0.5 and 5 μmol L−1) is associated to stratification patterns, changes in zooplankton biomass and planktonic detritus accumulation along density gradients, as well as fluctuating microbial cell numbers. The links between hydrodynamic conditions, aggregation of planktonic detritus and its microbiome, as well as the accumulation of CH4 in the water column are further supported by high‐resolution echo‐sounder measurements revealing backscatter maxima at the top of the thermocline, where detritus is effectively trapped, and by oxic incubations showing that CH4 is produced in zooplankton detritus (0.046 nmol L−1 to 0.095 CH4 mg dry mass L−1 d−1). Our results also show that detritus‐hosted methanogenesis is stimulated through the addition of methylphosphonate, suggesting that zooplankton‐associated microbiomes exploit organic phosphorus compounds to release CH4. Understanding the variability of the methane paradox in relation to changing hydrodynamics and plankton communities will be crucial to predict the future role of lakes in the global methane budget.
An active‐passive cascaded bandpass filter with an 88 kHz–1.1 GHz bandwidth on substrate‐integrated suspended line platform
Authors: Yang Zhuojun , Ma Kaixue , Wang Yongqiang , Yan Ningning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis letter proposes an active‐passive cascaded bandpass filter based on the substrate‐integrated suspended line platform for the first time. By cascading an active‐RC highpass circuit with a passive‐LC lowpass filter circuit, the proposed filter achieves a GHz bandwidth, an extremely low cut‐off frequency, and a controllable in‐band gain. It has the advantages of compact size, DC‐offset cancellation, and self‐packaging. As proof of concept, a sixth‐order bandpass filter was designed and fabricated. The measured 3‐dB bandwidth is from 88 kHz to 1.1 GHz with a 5.8 dB in‐band gain, and the circuit area is only 0.021 × 0.022 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at 0.55 GHz.
Optimized flip angle schemes for the split acquisition of fast spin‐echo signals (SPLICE) sequence and application to diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Rahbek Sofie , Schakel Tim , Mahmood Faisal , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Philippens Marielle E.P. , Hanson Lars G. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe diffusion‐weighted SPLICE (split acquisition of fast spin‐echo signals) sequence employs split‐echo rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) readout to provide images almost free of geometric distortions. However, due to the varying T‐weighting during k‐space traversal, SPLICE suffers from blurring. This work extends a method for controlling the spatial point spread function (PSF) while optimizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) achieved by adjusting the flip angles in the refocusing pulse train of SPLICE.MethodsAn algorithm based on extended phase graph (EPG) simulations optimizes the flip angles by maximizing SNR for a flexibly chosen predefined target PSF that describes the desired k‐space density weighting and spatial resolution. An optimized flip angle scheme and a corresponding post‐processing correction filter which together achieve the target PSF was tested by healthy subject brain imaging using a clinical 1.5 T scanner.ResultsBrain images showed a clear and consistent improvement over those obtained with a standard constant flip angle scheme. SNR was increased and apparent diffusion coefficient estimates were more accurate. For a modified Hann k‐space weighting example, considerable benefits resulted from acquisition weighting by flip angle control.ConclusionThe presented flexible method for optimizing SPLICE flip angle schemes offers improved MR image quality of geometrically accurate diffusion‐weighted images that makes the sequence a strong candidate for radiotherapy planning or stereotactic surgery.
Retrograde labeling correlates with motor unit number estimation in rapid‐stretch nerve injury
Authors: Yeoh Stewart , Warner Wesley S. , Bromberg Mark , Mahan Mark A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsRapid‐stretch nerve injuries represent a substantial treatment challenge. No study has examined motor neuron connection after rapid‐stretch injury. Our objective in this study was to characterize the electrophysiological properties of graded rapid‐stretch nerve injury and assess motor neuron health using retrograde labeling and muscle adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) histology.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice (n = 6 per group) were rapid‐stretch injured at four levels of severity: sham injury, stretch within elastic modulus, inelastic deformation, and stretch rupture. Serial compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit number estimation (MUNE) measurements were made for 48 days, followed by retrograde labeling and muscle ATPase histology.ResultsElastic injuries showed no durable abnormalities. Inelastic injury demonstrated profound initial reduction in CMAP and MUNE (P < .036) on day 2, with partial recovery by day 14 after injury (CMAP: 40% baseline, P = .003; MUNE: 55% baseline, P = .033). However, at the experimental endpoint, CMAP had recovered to baseline with only limited improvement in MUNE. Inelastic injury led to reduced retrograde‐labeled neurons and grouped fiber type histology. Rupture injury had severe and nonrecovering electrophysiological impairment, dramatically reducing labeled neurons (P = .005), and atrophic or type 1 muscle fibers. There was an excellent correlation between MUNE and retrograde‐labeled tibial motor neurons across injury severities (R2 = 0.96).DiscussionThere was no significant electrophysiological derangement in low‐severity injuries but there was recoverable conduction block in inelastic injury with slow recovery, potentially due to collateral sprouting. Rupture injuries yielded permanent failure of injured axons to reinnervate. These results provide insight into the pathophysiology of clinical injuries and recovery.
A community‐engaged approach to the design of a population‐based prospective cohort study to promote bladder health
Authors: Klusaritz Heather , Maki Julia , Levin Elise , Ayala Amy , Nodora Jesse , Coyne‐Beasley Tamera , Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , Lipman Terri H. , James Aimee , Gus Emily , Cunningham Shayna D. ,   Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium.
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCommunity engagement is increasingly recognized as a critical component of research, but few studies provide details on how to successfully incorporate community perspectives in urological research. This manuscript describes the community engagement strategy used by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium (PLUS) to design RISE FOR HEALTH (RISE), a multicenter, population‐based, prospective cohort study to promote bladder health.Methods and ResultsThe PLUS Community Engagement Subcommittee, guided by a set of antiracist community engagement principles and practices, organized, implemented, and communicated findings for all RISE community engagement activities. Community engagement was conducted through a diverse network of community partners at PLUS clinical research centers called Rapid Assessment Partners (RAPs). Via online surveys (4), virtual discussion groups (14), and one‐on‐one interviews (12), RAPs provided input on RISE processes and materials, including in‐person visit procedures, specimen collection instructions, survey data collection instruments, recruitment materials, the study website, and the study name. This process resulted in significant changes to these aspects of the study design with reciprocal benefits for the community partners.DiscussionMeaningful community engagement improved the design and implementation of RISE. PLUS will continue to engage community partners to interpret the RISE study results, disseminate RISE findings, and inform other PLUS studies toward the development of interventions to promote bladder health. Future urological studies would also benefit from community participation in determining priority research questions to address.
Evaluation and management of urologic complications following transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery
Authors: Elyaguov Jason , Isakov Roman , Nikolavsky Dmitriy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTransmasculine genital reconstructive surgery involves the creation of a neourethra by way of metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. We aim to describe approaches in identifying complications associated with these procedures as well as the various reparative techniques that can be utilized to reestablish the neourethral tract.MethodsWe prepared a guide to diagnostic and procedural interventions for urologic complications following transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery based on our clinical experience as well as those of our colleagues. We reviewed all current peer‐reviewed publications based on this topic.ResultsThese procedures have a considerable revision rate for urologic complications, which include urethrocutaneous fistulae, persistent vaginal remnant, and urethral strictures. These complications often present simultaneously and require appropriate workup and treatment.ConclusionsSeveral reconstructive techniques can be employed to restore the neourethral tract, as we describe in detail.
The accuracy of cystography under general anesthesia in children with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Frumer Michael , Sivan Bezalel , May Tal , Morag Roy , Khunovich Dmitry , Ben‐Meir David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine the accuracy of cystography under general anesthesia in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).Materials and MethodsA prospective study of children who had VUR on cystography without general anesthesia (i.e., the gold‐standard), and who are candidates for endoscopic VUR repair surgery. All children subsequently underwent a cystography under general anesthesia before injection using standardized method, which was compared to the gold‐standard cystography. χ2 and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare proportions and medians between groups.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2021, 126 renal units in 13 boys and 50 girls were included. Median age was 3.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.5−6.5). Median time from cystography without to cystography with general anesthesia was 3.8 months (IQR 2.7−6). Of the 126 renal units, 96 had VUR on cystography without general anesthesia. On dichotomous analysis (no VUR vs. any VUR) sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of cystography under general anesthesia were 47% (45/96), 87% (26/30), 34% (26/77) and 92% (45/49), respectively. Accuracy was 56.3%; Cohen's Kappa coefficient was 0.22, indicating poor agreement. In subgroup analysis, the sensitivity of cystography under general anesthesia was significantly lower in primary VUR (20% vs. 55% in secondary VUR, p = 0.01) and active VUR (14% vs. 52% in passive VUR, p = 0.008).ConclusionCystography under general anesthesia was poorly correlated to cystography performed while the child was awake or lightly sedated. Clinical decision relying on this cystography is questionable.
I see, I learn, I do: Development and evaluation of a video‐enhanced nasogastric tube feeding training programme for caregivers
Authors: Kwok Megan Wai Sze , Glass George Frederick , Loke Samantha , Loi Jia Ning , Chan Ee‐Yuee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimWe examined the effectiveness of a video‐enhanced education package in improving caregiver outcomes (number of steps at first feeding attempt, time to achieve competency and knowledge) compared to the current institutional training approach.DesignQuasi‐experiment.MethodsFrom August 2016–June 2017, we recruited 112 caregivers in a Singaporean tertiary hospital. We allocated 72 and 40 caregivers to video‐enhanced and standard education, respectively. Median values are reported with interquartile ranges (IQR), and analysed using Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsCaregivers taught with our video‐enhanced package performed a median of 7.0 (IQR = 3.5–7.5) out of eight steps correctly at their first attempt, a 40% increase. There was no change in the median number of training sessions but the 75th percentile dropped to 9.3 from 6.0, a 35% reduction. Post‐training knowledge improved from a median of 0.5 (IQR = 0–2.0) to 1.0 (IQR = 0–3.0). The video‐enhanced package can improve caregivers' knowledge and accelerate their skill competency.
Health Insurance and Young Adult Financial Distress
Authors: Blascak Nathan , Mikhed Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study how health insurance eligibility affects financial distress for young adults using the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) dependent coverage mandate─the part of the ACA that requires private health insurance plans to cover individuals up to their 26th birthday. We examine the effects of both gaining and losing eligibility by exploiting the mandate's implementation in 2010 and its automatic disenrollment mechanism at age 26. Our estimates show that increasing access to health insurance lowers young adults’ out‐of‐pocket medical expenditures and debt in third‐party collections. However, reductions in financial distress are transitory, as they diminish after an individual loses access to parental insurance when they age out of the mandate at age 26.
Kinetics models for polyacrylamide‐graphene oxide composites as antifoulant
Authors: Osma Büşra , Pekcan Önder , Akın Evingür Gülşen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntifouling paints are used to protect the surface against these organisms such as algae, sea squirts, and barnacles. According to previous research, fish and seaweeds do not adhere to submerged surfaces using wet and soft hydrogels. The aim of this study is to investigate the temperature effect on the performance of antifouling composites to develop new useful antifouling composites for shipping sector. In this swelling experiment, the behavior of hydrogels produced from polyacrylamide (PAAm) and graphene oxide (GO) was investigated at different temperatures. Free‐radical cross‐linking copolymerization formed composite, using acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS, Merck), and graphene oxide with various contents. The steady‐state fluorescence technique was used for studying the swelling of PAAm‐GO composites at various temperatures in pure water. When pyranine fluorescence intensity, I was measured, it decreased until swelling equilibrium was achieved. After the swelling experiment was started, the fluorescence emission (Iem) and scattering light intensities, Isc from different GO content hydrogels were observed by real‐time monitoring at various temperatures. Li‐Tanaka and Fickian models were used to determine the diffusion coefficients for the swelling experiments in distilled and Marmara Sea Water for 8 and 50 μl of GO content hydrogels, respectively. According to literature, PAAm is utilized as a surface coating material to reduce biofouling, for this reason, this research will show a way to be able to use PAAm inside antifouling paints material for the marine industry.
Place attachment and mobility in the context of job‐induced multilocal dwelling—The case of China
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Honggang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to understand the relationship between place attachment and mobility in a job‐induced multilocal dwelling context. Multilocal dwelling entails a long‐distance commute and having another residence in addition to the primary domestic one for job‐related purposes. From the mobility perspective, this study posits that a place should be understood as dynamic and relational, and place attachment as networked and flexible. Relying on interview data, this study identifies three distinct modes of relationship between place attachment and mobility—namely, disruption, compensation, and expansion. The findings reveal that under diverse modes, the characteristics of place attachment to different places of residence are distinct and determined by the interaction of mobility with materiality, social relations, and meaning construction in places. It sheds light on people‐place relationships in the context of job‐induced multilocal dwellings in China. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of the highly‐debated relationships between place attachment and mobility.