bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Application of Alkali Metal Antimonide—A New Approach to Antimony Chemistry
Authors: Dollberg Kevin , Schneider Selina , Richter Roman‐Malte , Dunaj Tobias , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlkali metal dihydrogen‐antimonides [M(L)xSbH2], short: alkali metal antimonides (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; 1: L=pmdta; 2: L=crown‐ether), were prepared from stibine and n‐Butyllithium, M(hmds) (hmds=hexamethyldisilazane) or MOtBu, respectively. We developed a generally applicable synthesis route for these compounds and the obtained compounds were examined on their stability depending on the alkali metal and stabilizing additives used, whereby the use of appropriate crown‐ethers allowed their isolation and characterization at room temperature. Moreover, the 1,4‐dioxane adduct [Na(dioxane)xSbH2] was the appropriate starting compound for the synthesis of the first primary silylstibane (Me3Si)3SiSbH2 (3) which was characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Reaction of 3 with (Dipp2NacNac)Ga (Dipp2NacNac=HC{C(Me)N(Dipp)}2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) resulted in the formation of (Dipp2NacNac)GaH(SbHSi(SiMe3)3) (4) which was furthermore characterized by single crystal x‐ray diffraction.
Improving Perioperative Nursing Care for Transgender and Gender‐Diverse Patients
Authors: Neira Paula M. , Bowman RothLauren C. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIgnorance, stigma, and discrimination have contributed to persistent and well‐documented disparities and inequities in the United States health care system with regards to meeting the needs of transgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) people. Only recently has the collective understanding of this marginalized community increased, along with actions to address its health concerns. Nurses want to provide high‐quality care for all patients. However, many nurses may feel anxious or uncertain about interacting with TGD people because of a lack of education and training. Perioperative nurses may encounter TGD patients and family members in their clinical settings for many reasons and should know how to provide appropriate care, including gender‐affirming care. This article presents foundational cultural competency information about TGD people and the health concerns they face. Additionally, it provides actionable communication approaches that perioperative nurses can employ, as well as organization‐level strategies that can be implemented to provide a welcoming, supportive, and affirming environment.
Clinical Issues—November 2022
Authors: Wood Amber 
Published: October 2022

THIS MONTH
Reuse of single‐use bronchoscopes
Key words: single use, bronchoscope, contamination, time limit, instructions for use (IFU).
Endoscope processing room workflow
Key words: one‐room design, decontamination sink, droplets, clean storage, transport.
Simethicone use during endoscopy
Key words: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing, defoaming agent, water bottle, borescope inspection, residue.
Implementing borescope inspection of flexible endoscopes
Key words: visual inspection, cleaning verification, high‐risk endoscopes, competency verification, prepurchase evaluation.
InDelGT: An integrated pipeline for extracting indel genotypes for genetic mapping in a hybrid population using next‐generation sequencing data
Authors: Pan Zhiliang , Zhang Jinpeng , Bai Shengjun , Li Zhiting , Tong Chunfa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseAlthough several software packages are available for genotyping insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms in genomes using next‐generation sequencing data, simultaneously calling indel genotypes across many individuals for use in genetic mapping remains challenging.Methods and ResultsWe present an integrated pipeline, InDelGT, for the extraction of indel genotypes from a segregating population such as backcross or F2 lines, or from an F1 cross between outbred species. The InDelGT algorithm is implemented in three steps: generating an indel catalog, calling indel genotypes, and analyzing indel segregation. We demonstrated the use of the pipeline with an example data set from an F1 hybrid population of Populus and successfully constructed the two parental genetic linkage maps.ConclusionsInDelGT is a practical tool that can quickly genotype a large number of indel markers within a population following Mendelian segregation. The InDelGT pipeline is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/tongchf/InDelGT).
UV‐Light‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Cubic Cu2O Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products
Authors: Ning Hui , Jiao Zhenmei , Lu Peifang , Wang Mingwang , Wang Yani , Wang Li , Zhao Yan , Fei Xiang , Song Dewen , Wu Mingbo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon dioxide electroreduction has been considered as one of the most appealing ways to reducing the CO2 emission but raising the selectivity of high‐value added products like C2+ still faces great challenge. Herein, we report a convenient way to modify the cubic Cu2O particles through UV‐light irradiation induced reduction in a solution containing H2O2 and i‐propanol. The plane surface of Cu2O was reconstructed to roughness shell composed of abandant grain boundaries, in which the ration of Cu+/Cu0 can be easily regulated by controlling the irradiation time. At the same time, the increasing electrochemical active surface area facilitated the exposure of active sites. Combining of above factors, the Faradaic efficiency of C2 (ethylene and ethanol) from CO2 electroreduction was greatly increased to 62.56% with a high partial current density of 145 mA cm−2. Our work put forward a facile method for the fine control of the surface structure of cuprous oxide and a novel platform to elucidate the synergistic effects of Cu+/Cu0 on CO2 electroreduction.
Nonlinear Bayesian filtering via holonomic gradient method with quasi moment generating function
Authors: Iori Tomoyuki , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA symbolic‐numeric method is proposed for addressing the Bayesian filtering problems of a class of discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic systems. We first approximate the posterior probability density function to be Gaussian. The update law of the mean and variance is formulated as the evaluation of several integrals depending on certain parameters. Unlike existing methods, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and particle filter (PF), this formulation considers the nonlinearity of system dynamics exactly. To evaluate the integrals efficiently, we introduce an integral transform motivated by the moment generating function (MGF), which we call a quasi MGF. Furthermore, the quasi MGF is compatible with the Fourier transform of differential operators. We utilize this compatibility to decrease the number of computations of Gröbner bases in the noncommutative rings of differential operators, which reduces the offline computational time. A numerical example is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method compared to that of other existing methods such as the EKF, UKF, and PF.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase C385A polymorphism affects susceptibility to various diseases
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Anvar Leila , Ahmadalipour Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe endocannabinoid (eCB) system is an important neuromodulatory system with its extensive network of receptors throughout the human body that has complex actions in the nervous system, immune system, and all of the body's other organs. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an important membrane‐bound homodimeric degrading enzyme that controls the biological activity of N‐arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) in the eCB system and other relevant bioactive lipids. It has been shown that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FAAH are associated with various phenotypes and diseases including cardiovascular, endocrine, drug abuse, and neuropsychiatric disorders. A common functional and most studied polymorphism of this gene is C385A (rs324420), which results in the replacement of a conserved proline to threonine in the FAAH enzyme structure, leads to a reduction of the activity and expression of FAAH, compromises the inactivation of AEA and causes higher synaptic concentrations of AEA that can be associated with several various phenotypes. The focus of this review is on evidence‐based studies on the associations of the FAAH C385A polymorphism and the various diseases or traits. Although there was variability in the results of these reports, the overall consensus is that the FAAH C385A genotype can affect susceptibility to some multifactorial disorders and can be considered a potential therapeutic target.
Understanding the motivations of food bank volunteers: Applying self‐determination theory and functional motivations theory
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Titova Liudmila , Osin Evgeny , Bratcher Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe assessed the motivations, commitment, and subjective well‐being (SWB) of 441 food bank volunteers, using motivation scales derived from self‐determination theory and functional motives theory. Replicating the findings of Sheldon, Wineland, Venhoeven, and Osin's (2016) study of environmental activists, all motivation scales could be located on the autonomous or controlled motivation factors specified by self‐determination theory (SDT). In addition, SDT's intrinsic motivation construct was the best predictor of volunteer commitment and SWB. As a novel angle, we compared food bank volunteerism to a second free time activity, that was focused on the self rather than helping others. Participants reported less self‐determined motivation and lower SWB in the food bank activity, suggesting that volunteerism may impose costs, compared to self‐focused activities. We interpret the latter results via the Eudaimonic Activity Model (Martela & Sheldon, 2019), concluding that activities that sound eudaimonic, based on their virtuous aims, are not necessarily so, based on their underlying motivations.
Plasma‐induced Mo‐doped Co3O4 with enriched oxygen vacancies for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in water splitting
Authors: Huang Yujie , Li Meng , Pan Fei , Zhu Zhuoya , Sun Huamei , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeteroatomic substitution and vacancy engineering of spinel oxides can theoretically optimize the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through charge redistribution and d‐band center modification but still remain a great challenge in both the preparation and catalytic mechanism. Herein, we proposed a novel and efficient Ar‐plasma (P)‐assisted strategy to construct heteroatom Mo‐substituted and oxygen vacancies enriched hierarchical spinel Co3O4 porous nanoneedle arrays in situ grown on carbon cloth (denoted P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC) to improve the OER performance. Ar‐plasma technology can efficiently generate vacancy sites at the surface of hydroxide, which induces the anchoring of Mo anion salts through electrostatic interaction, finally facilitating the substitution of Mo atoms and the formation of oxygen vacancies on the Co3O4 surface. The P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC affords a low overpotential of only 276 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER, which is 58 mV superior to that of Mo‐free Co3O4@CC and surpasses commercial RuO2 catalyst. The robust stability and satisfactory selectivity (nearly 100% Faradic efficiency) of P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC for the OER are also demonstrated. Theoretical studies demonstrate that Mo with variable valance states can efficiently regulates the atomic ratio of Co3+/Co2+ and increases the number of oxygen vacancies, thereby inducing charge redistribution and tuning the d‐band center of Co3O4, which improve the adsorption energy of oxygen intermediates (e.g., *OOH) on P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC during OER. Furthermore, the two‐electrode OER//HER electrolyzer equipped with P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC as anode displays a low operation potential of 1.54 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and also exhibits good reversibility and anticurrent fluctuation ability under simulated real energy supply conditions, demonstrating the great potential of P‐Mo‐Co3O4@CC in water electrolysis.
A Relative Entropy and a Unique Continuation Result for Ricci Expanders
Authors: Deruelle Alix , Schulze Felix 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe prove an optimal relative integral convergence rate for two expanding gradient Ricci solitons coming out of the same cone. As a consequence, we obtain a unique continuation result at infinity and prove that a relative entropy for two such self‐similar solutions to the Ricci flow is well‐defined. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A certificateless ring signature scheme based on lattice
Authors: Dong SongShou , Zhou YiHua , Yang YuGuang , Yao Yanqing 
Published: October 2022

SummaryFor the problems that ring signature needs key escrow, has some security risks, and cannot avoid malicious key generation center (KGC) in the post‐quantum era, we design a certificateless ring signature scheme based on lattice (L‐CRSS). In our scheme, the bimodal Gaussian distribution is used to improve the security and efficiency. Compared with the previous ring signature scheme based on lattice, our design does not need key escrow, does not disclose the signer's identity, can avoid malicious KGC, achieves the constant signature size, and has higher security and efficiency in the post‐quantum era. Finally, under random oracle model (ROM), we prove that our scheme is anonymous against the full‐key exposure, and existentially unforgeable against adaptive chosen message attacks (EUF‐CMA).
Using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) Transposon to Generate Stable Cells Producing Enveloped Virus‐Like Particles (eVLPs) Pseudotyped with SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins for Vaccination
Authors: Pszenny Viviana , Tjhin Erick , Alves‐Ferreira Eliza V.C. , Spada Stephanie , Bouamr Fadila , Nair Vinod , Ganesan Sundar , Grigg Michael E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system is an efficient non‐viral tool for gene transfer into a variety of cells, including human cells. Through a cut‐and‐paste mechanism, your favorite gene (YFG) is integrated into AT‐rich regions within the genome, providing stable long‐term expression of the transfected gene. The SB system is evolving and has become a powerful tool for gene therapy. There are no safety concerns using this system, the handling is easy, and the time required to obtain a stable cell line is significantly reduced compared to other systems currently available. Here, we present a novel application of this system to generate, within 8 days, a stable producer HEK293T cell line capable of constitutively delivering enveloped virus‐like particles (eVLPs) for vaccination. We provide step‐by‐step protocols for generation of the SB transposon constructs, transfection procedures, and validation of the produced eVLPs. We next describe a method to pseudotype the constitutively produced eVLPs using the Spike protein derived from the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus (by coating the eVLP capsid with the heterologous antigen). We also describe optimization methods to scale up the production of pseudotyped eVLPs in a laboratory setting (from 100 µg to 5 mg). © Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of the SB plasmidsBasic Protocol 2: Generation of a stable HEK293T cell line constitutively secreting MLV‐based eVLPsBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of the SB constructs by immunofluorescence assayBasic Protocol 4: Validation of eVLPs by denaturing PAGE and western blotAlternate Protocol 1: Analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein oligomerization using blue native gel electrophoresis and western blotAlternate Protocol 2: Evaluation of eVLP quality by electron microscopy (negative staining)Basic Protocol 5: Small‐scale production of eVLPsAlternate Protocol 3: Large‐scale production of eVLPs (up to about 1 to 3 mg VLPs)Alternate Protocol 4: Large‐scale production of eVLPs (up to about 3 to 5 mg VLPs)Support Protocol: Quantification of total protein concentration by Bradford assay
Vascular Transcriptomics: Investigating Endothelial Activation and Vascular Dysfunction Using Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells, Organ‐Chips, and RNA Sequencing
Authors: Mathur Tanmay , Kumar Ankit , Flanagan Jonathan M. , Jain Abhishek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVascular organ‐chip or vessel‐chip technology has significantly impacted our ability to model microphysiological vasculature. These biomimetic platforms have garnered significant interest from scientists and pharmaceutical companies as drug screening models. However, these models still lack the inclusion of patient‐specific vasculature in the form of patient‐derived endothelial cells. Blood outgrowth endothelial cells are patient blood–derived endothelial progenitors that have gained interest from the vascular biology community as an autologous endothelial cell alternative and have also been incorporated with the vessel‐chip model. Next‐generation sequencing techniques like RNA sequencing can further unlock the potential of personalized vessel‐chips in discerning patient‐specific hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction. Here we present a detailed protocol for (1) isolating blood outgrowth endothelial cells from patient blood samples, (2) culturing them in microfluidic vessel‐chips, (3) isolating and preparing RNA from individual vessel‐chips for sequencing, and (4) performing differential gene expression and bioinformatics analyses of vascular dysfunction and endothelial activation pathways. This method focuses specifically on identification of pathways and genes involved in vascular homeostasis and pathology, but can easily be adapted for the requirements of other systems. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of blood outgrowth endothelial cells from patient bloodBasic Protocol 2: Culture of blood outgrowth endothelial cells in microfluidic vessel‐chipsBasic Protocol 3: Isolation of RNA from autologous vessel‐chipsBasic Protocol 4: Differential gene expression and bioinformatics analyses of endothelial activation pathways
Establishment of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) on a glacial outwash plain: Spatial patterns and decadal processes
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Guðrún , Thórhallsdóttir Thóra Ellen , Jónsdóttir Anna Helga , Birkisdóttir Hulda Margrét , Svavarsdóttir Kristín 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost of the Earth's surface has now been modified by humans. In many countries, natural and semi‐natural ecosystems mostly occur as islands, isolated by land converted for agriculture and a variety of other land‐uses. In this fragmented state, long‐distance dispersal may be the only option for species to adapt their ranges in response to changing climate. The order of arrival of species may leave a lasting imprint on community assembly. Although mostly studied at and above the species level, such priority effects also apply at the intraspecific level. We suggest that this may be particularly important in subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) is characterized by great intraspecific variation. We explored spatio‐temporal patterns of the first two mountain birch generations on a homogeneous, early successional glacial outwash plain in SE Iceland that was the recipient of spatially extensive long‐distance dispersal ca. 30 years ago. We evaluated the decadal progress of the young population by remeasuring in 2018, tree density and growth form, plant size, and reproductive effort on 30 transects (150 m2) established in 2008 at four sites on the plain and two adjacent sites ca. 10 km away. All measured variables showed positive increases, but contrary to our predictions of converging dynamics among sites, they had significantly diverged. Thus, two of the sites (only 500 m apart) could not be distinguished in 2008, but by 2018, one of them had much faster growth rates than the other, a higher growth form index reflecting more upright tree stature, greater reproductive effort, and much greater second‐generation seedling recruitment. We discuss two hypotheses that may explain the diverging dynamics, site‐scale environmental heterogeneity, and legacies of intraspecific priority effects.
Increasing flower species richness in agricultural landscapes alters insect pollinator networks: Implications for bee health and competition
Authors: Doublet Vincent , Doyle Toby , Refoy Isobel , Hedges Sophie , Carvell Claire , Brown Mark J. F. , Wilfert Lena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological restoration programs are established to reverse land degradation, mitigate biodiversity loss, and reinstate ecosystem services. Following recent agricultural intensification that led to a decrease in flower diversity and density in rural areas and subsequently to the decline of many insects, conservation measures targeted at pollinators have been established, including sown wildflower strips (WFS) along field margins. Historically successful in establishing a high density of generalist bees and increasing pollinator diversity, the impact of enhanced flower provision on wider ecological interactions and the structure of pollinator networks has been rarely investigated. Here, we tested the effects of increasing flower species richness and flower density in agricultural landscapes on bee‐plant interaction networks. We measured plant species richness and flower density and surveyed honeybee and bumblebee visits on flowers across a range of field margins on 10 UK farms that applied different pollinator conservation measures. We found that both flower species richness and flower density significantly increased bee abundance, in early and late summer, respectively. At the network level, we found that higher flower species richness did not significantly alter bee species' generality indices, but significantly reduced network connectance and marginally reduced niche overlap across honeybees and bumblebee species, a proxy for insect competition. While higher connectance and niche overlap is believed to strengthen network robustness and often is the aim for the restoration of pollinator networks, we argue that carefully designed WFS may benefit bees by partitioning their foraging niche, limiting competition for resources and the potential for disease transmission via shared floral use. We also discuss the need to extend WFS and their positive effects into spring when wild bee populations are established.
Fifty years of data show the effects of climate on overall skull size and the extent of seasonal reversible skull size changes (Dehnel's phenomenon) in the common shrew
Authors: Taylor Jan R. E. , Muturi Marion , Lázaro Javier , Zub Karol , Dechmann Dina K. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change affects many aspects of biology and has been shown to cause body size changes in animals. However, suitable datasets allowing the analysis of long‐term relationships between body size, climate, and its effects are rare. The size of the skull is often used as a proxy for overall body size. Skull size does not change much in fully grown vertebrates; however, some high‐metabolic small mammals shrink in winter and regrow in spring, including their skull and brain. This is thought to be a winter adaptation, as a smaller brain size reduces energy requirements. Climate could thus affect not only the overall size but also the pattern of the size change, that is, Dehnel's phenomenon, in these animals. We assessed the impact of the changes in climate on the overall skull size and the different stages of Dehnel's phenomenon in skulls of the common shrew, Sorex araneus, collected over 50 years in the Białowieża Forest, E Poland. Overall skull size decreased, along with increasing temperatures and decreasing soil moisture, which affected the availability of the shrews' main food source, earthworms. The skulls of males were larger than those of females, but the degree of the decrease in size did not differ between sexes. The magnitude of Dehnel's phenomenon increased over time, indicating an increasing selection pressure on animals in winter. Overall, climate clearly affected the common shrew's overall size as well as its seasonal size changes. With the current acceleration in climate change, the effects on the populations of this cold‐adapted species may be quite severe in a large part of its distribution range.