bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEFV and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression Is Attributed to Immature Macrophages and Correlates with Serum Inflammatory Proteins in Crohn´s Disease Patients
Authors: Gorreja Frida , Caër Charles , Rush Stephen T. A. , Forsskål Sophia K. , Härtlova Anetta , Magnusson Maria K. , Bexe Lindskog Elinor , Börjesson Lars G. , Block Mattias , Wick Mary Jo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes whose activation results in proinflammatory cytokines. Inflammasomes are implicated in Crohn´s disease (CD) pathogenesis, yet the contribution of inflammasomes in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) versus lamina propria (LP) macrophages is poorly understood. Whether inflammasome expression in intestinal tissue reflects the serum inflammatory protein profile of patients is also not known. We aimed to determine the intestinal cell types where inflammasome expression is increased in CD and if they correlate with the serum protein profile. RT-PCR and NanoString nCounter technology were used to characterize inflammasome gene expression in CD patients and controls. The mucosa, LP and IEC cell fractions and FACS-sorted cells were analyzed. Proximity extension assay with a 92-protein panel was used to determine the serum inflammatory protein profile. Compositional analysis was used to correlate ileum inflammasome gene expression with intestinal mononuclear phagocyte populations. We show that NLRP3 and MEFV inflammasome sensors and downstream effector expression including IL-1β are increased in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and correlate with disease activity. Inflammasome gene expression increased with the abundance of immature intestinal macrophages, and increased IL-1β released by CD LP cells correlated with immature macrophage frequency. Inflammasome gene expression was also increased in circulating monocytes, the precursors of immature intestinal macrophages. Finally, the serum inflammatory profile of CD patients correlates with ileal expression of genes related to NLRP3 and MEFV inflammasomes. Overall, we show that MEFV and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in CD intestine is attributed to the accumulation of immature macrophages and correlates with serum inflammatory proteins.
A Methodology for Reconstructing Source Properties of a Conical Piezoelectric Actuator Using Array-Based Methods
Authors: Selvadurai P. A. , Wu R. , Bianchi P. , Niu Z. , Michail S. , Madonna C. , Wiemer S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the force produced by a conical piezoelectric (PZT, lead zirconate titanate) transducer actuated by high voltage pulses (HVP) in contact with a steel transfer plate. Using elastic wave propagation theory in a semi-infinite plate, we aimed to quantify the magnitude and estimate the shape of the force–time function via the body waves produced in the transfer plate using the displacement field recorded on an array of 20 absolutely calibrated PZT receivers. We first calibrated the receiver array using glass capillary fracture. We proceeded to use a conical PZT transducer to actively produce a source at the origin, allowing us to study the displacement field produced on the now calibrated PZT receiver array. We studied two types of HVP: An impulsive and step source. The calibrated receiver array was used to estimate the general shape of the force–time functions for each type of HVP. From our hypothesized force–time functions we were able to estimate the peak force produced by the PZT actuator: The impulsive source generated a force of $$f_{peak} = 2.90 \pm 0.42$$

f

peak

=
2.90
±
0.42

N and the step source generated $$f_{peak} = 1.79 \pm 0.30$$

f

peak

=
1.79
±
0.30

N, respectively, for a peak applied voltage of 273 V. This translates to an applied force of $$\sim $$
∼
0.011 N/V and 0.007 N/V for the impulse and step force–time functions, respectively, which is similar to estimates found in the literature for other conical transducers in contact with metallic transfer media. This measurement was verified directly by independent measurements of the peak force $$f_{peak}$$

f

peak

using a dynamic force transducer. We found that our methodology correctly estimated the magnitude of the force but is limited to transducers with incident angles $$\theta<$$

θ
<

53$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. Beyond this angle, overestimates of the force were observed due to the lack of body wave energy produced by the source. These results allow us to quantitatively determine the forces produced by active PZT techniques using only the measurement of the displacement field captured on a calibrated conical PZT array. Quantitative understanding of active PZT sources additionally constrains the transfer functions approach, which is commonly used in the non-destructive testing of materials and in other fields, such as rock physics and laboratory seismology.
The Societal Territory of Academic Disciplines: How Disciplines Matter to Society
Authors: Tellmann Silje Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the interrelations between academic disciplines and society beyond academia by the case of sociology in Norway. For that purpose, this paper introduces the concept of disciplines’ societal territories, which refer to bounded societal spaces that are shaped by the knowledge of a discipline, premised on the linkages between the discipline and its audience. By mapping sociologists’ reported contributions to societal changes beyond academia, the paper firstly shows how societal territories are established by sociologists’ recurring engagement with certain topics and research users. Secondly, it traces the interactions between researchers and their users, and identifies four ideal typical pathways by which the cognitive territory of Norwegian sociology is transformed into societal territories. A key observation is that the establishment of societal territories is co-determined by the structures of research use among its audience. As for the case of sociology in Norway, questions therefore arise over the interdependency between sociologists as knowledge ‘suppliers’ and the ‘demand side’ for research, and the autonomy of the sociological discipline in selecting its focus of attention.
Workflow management system with smart procedures
Authors: Chmiel Wojciech , Derkacz Jan , Jȩdrusik Stanisław , Kadłuczka Piotr , Mikrut Zbigniew , Niemiec Marcin , Pałka Dariusz , Rogus Grzegorz , Skalna Iwona , Turek Michał 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSupervision of repair and diagnostic works aimed at improving the safety of maintenance crews is one of the key objectives of the distributed INRED system. Working in a real industrial environment, the INRED system includes, among others, the so-called INRED-Workflow, which provides an infrastructure for process automation. Participants of the service processes, managed by the INRED-Workflow, are controlled at each stage of the performed service procedures, both by the system and other process participants, such as quality managers and technologists. All data collected from the service processes is stored in the System Knowledge Repository (SKR) for further processing by using advanced algorithms, and the so-called Smart Procedures merge services supplied by other INRED system modules. The applicability of workflow management systems in conjunction with image recognition and machine learning methods has not yet been thoroughly explored. The presented paper shows the innovative usage of such systems in the supervision of the repair and diagnostic works.
Clinical and molecular characterization of isolated M1 disease in pediatric medulloblastoma: experience from the German HIT-MED studies
Authors: Obrecht Denise , Mynarek Martin , Hagel Christian , Kwiecien Robert , Spohn Michael , Bockmayr Michael , Bison Brigitte , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T. W. , Sturm Dominik , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , von Hoff Katja , Juhnke B.-Ole , Benesch Martin , Gerber Nicolas U. , Friedrich Carsten , von Bueren André O. , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter , Schwarz Rudolf , Pietsch Torsten , Fleischhack Gudrun , Schüller Ulrich , Rutkowski Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical impact of isolated spread of medulloblastoma cells into cerebrospinal fluid without additional macroscopic metastases (M1-only).

Methods
The HIT-MED database was searched for pediatric patients with M1-only medulloblastoma diagnosed from 2000 to 2019. Corresponding clinical and molecular data was evaluated. Treatment was stratified by age and changed over time for older patients.

Results
70 patients with centrally reviewed M1-only disease were identified. Clinical data was available for all and molecular data for 45/70 cases. 91% were non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma (Grp3/4).
5-year PFS for 52 patients ≥ 4 years was 59.4 (± 7.1) %, receiving either upfront craniospinal irradiation (CSI) or SKK-sandwich chemotherapy (CT). Outcomes did not differ between these strategies (5-year PFS: CSI 61.7 ± 9.9%, SKK-CT 56.7 ± 6.1%). For patients < 4 years (n = 18), 5-year PFS was 50.0 (± 13.2) %. M1-persistence occurred exclusively using postoperative CT and was a strong negative predictive factor (pPFS/OS < 0.01).
Patients with additional clinical or molecular high-risk (HR) characteristics had worse outcomes (5-year PFS 42.7 ± 10.6% vs. 64.0 ± 7.0%, p = 0.03). In n = 22 patients ≥ 4 years with full molecular information and without additional HR characteristics, risk classification by molecular subtyping had an effect on 5-year PFS (HR 16.7 ± 15.2%, SR 77.8 ± 13.9%; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Our results confirm that M1-only is a high-risk condition, and further underline the importance of CSF staging. Specific risk stratification of affected patients needs attention in future discussions for trials and treatment recommendations. Future patients without contraindications may benefit from upfront CSI by sparing risks related to higher cumulative CT applied in sandwich regimen.
On positivity of orthogonal series and its applications in probability
Authors: Szabłowski Paweł J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe give necessary and sufficient conditions for an orthogonal series to converge in the mean-squares to a nonnegative function. We present many examples and applications, in analysis and probability. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Lancaster-type of expansion$$ \sum _{n\ge 0}c_{n}\alpha _{n}(x)\beta _{n}(y)$$∑n≥0cnαn(x)βn(y)with two sets of orthogonal polynomials$$\left\{ \alpha _{n}\right\} $$αnand$$\left\{ \beta _{n}\right\} $$βnto converge in means-squares to a nonnegative bivariate function. In particular, we study the properties of the set$$C(\alpha ,\beta )$$C(α,β)of the sequences$$\left\{ c_{n}\right\} ,$$cn,for which the above-mentioned series converge to a nonnegative function and give conditions for the membership to it. Further, we show that the class of bivariate distributions for which a Lancaster type expansion can be found, is the same as the class of distributions having all conditional moments in the form of polynomials in the conditioning random variable.
The Kardashian Index: a study of researchers' opinions on twitter 2014–2021
Authors: Powell Kerrington , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Kardashian Index was designed for comedic purposes and meant to highlight researchers with minimal scholar contribution but oversized social media influence. We sought to examine attitudes and understanding of the Kardashian index by conducting a retrospective observational study of tweets retrieved from the Twitter API, Academic Track. From July 30th, 2014 to May 1st, 2021, 5826 unique tweets containing the phrase "Kardashian index” or related search terms were identified. Interest in the Kardashian Index peaked around the time of publication (July 30th, 2014), though the metric received continued discussion. One hundred random tweets were analyzed to see if the conversation points were positive, negative, or neutral. A majority (29%) of the tweets were neutral. Twenty-three percent of the tweets addressed the user’s own K-Index value, while 21% and 17% of the tweets were either critical or joking, respectively. Only a minority of tweets are critical of or appreciate the humor of the Kardashian index. The majority discuss the term matter-of-factly. Although the Kardashian Index was created in a lighthearted manner, a more serious tone emerges, prompting questions about the shifting role of scholarly and public influence.
Conventionalism about time direction
Authors: Farr Matt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn what sense is the direction of time a matter of convention? In The Direction of Time, Hans Reichenbach makes brief reference to parallels between his views about the status of time’s direction and his conventionalism about geometry. In this article, I: (1) provide a conventionalist account of time direction motivated by a number of Reichenbach’s claims in the book; (2) show how forwards and backwards time can give equivalent descriptions of the world despite the former being the ‘natural’ direction of time; and (3) argue that this offers an important middle-ground position between existing realist and antirealist accounts of the direction of time.
A fixed-point problem for theories of meaning
Authors: Dahl Niklas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper I argue that it’s impossible for there to be a single universal theory of meaning for a language. First, I will consider some minimal expressiveness requirements a language must meet to be able to express semantic claims. Then I will argue that in order to have a single unified theory of meaning, these expressiveness requirements must be satisfied by a language which the semantic theory itself applies to. That is, we would need a language which can express its own meaning. It has been well-known since Tarski that theories of meaning whose central notion is truth can’t be expressed in a language which they apply to. Here, I develop Quine’s formulation of the Liar Paradox in grammatical terms and use this to extend Tarski’s result to all theories of meaning. This general version of the paradox can be formalised as a special case of the Lawvere Fixed-Point Theorem applied to a categorial grammar. Taken together with the initial arguments, I infer that a universal theory of meaning is impossible and conclude the paper with a brief discussion on what alternatives are available.
Repräsentation in der (Internationalen) Politischen Theorie – eine feministische Kritik und ein Aufruf zum Dialog
Authors: Holthaus Leonie , Knappe Henrike , Martinez Mateo Marina 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungWer darf für wen jenseits des Staates sprechen, und welche Identitäten werden durch dieses Sprechen erst angeboten und erzeugt? Auch wenn die theoretische wie praktische Relevanz dieser Fragen klar zu ersehen ist, bergen sie eine Reihe von Herausforderungen. Wir möchten in einer Replik auf eine 2020 erschienene Debatte Verweise auf sehr relevante wie schwierige Fragen zu transnationaler Repräsentation mit der These verbinden, dass die feministische Beschäftigung mit transnationaler Repräsentation exemplarisch Ansätze zur Verbindung von normativer und empirischer Forschung zur Verfügung stellt. Bedauerlicherweise wurde die feministische Repräsentationstheorie und die Inspiration, die von ihr ausgeht, in der Debatte nicht beachtet. Über eine fokussierte Besprechung der Beiträge der Internationalen Beziehungen und der Politischen Theorie zeigen wir, dass feministische Interventionen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Theorie und Praxis stetige Kritik an aufkommenden Ungleichheiten und Identitätskonstruktionen leisten. Darin schließlich tragen sie zu einer Verunsicherung von theoretischen Vorannahmen bei, die für eine empirisch informierte Politische Theorie entscheidend ist.
Changes in the Composition of Oral and Intestinal Microbiota After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass and Their Impact on Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Stefura Tomasz , Zapała Barbara , Gosiewski Tomasz , Skomarovska Oksana , Pędziwiatr Michał , Major Piotr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to assess the changes in composition of bacterial microbiota at two levels of the digestive tract: oral cavity and large intestine in patients 6 months after bariatric surgery.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study including patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Before surgery and 6 months after the procedure, oral swabs were obtained and stool samples were provided. Our endpoint was the analysis of the differences in compositions of oral and fecal microbiota prior and after the surgical treatment of obesity.

Results
Bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes seemed to increase in abundance in both the oral cavity and the large intestine 6 months after surgery among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The subgroup analysis we conducted based on the volume of weight-loss revealed that patients achieving at least 50% of excess weight loss present similar results to the entire study group. Patients with less favorable outcomes presented an increase in the population of bacteria from phylum Fusobacteria and a decrease of phylum Firmicutes in oral cavity.

Conclusion
Intestinal microbiota among these patients underwent similar changes in composition to the rest of the study group. Bariatric surgery introduces a significant change in composition of oral and intestinal microbiota.

Graphical abstract
Workpiece image-based tool wear classification in blanking processes using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Molitor Dirk Alexander , Kubik Christian , Hetfleisch Ruben Helmut , Groche Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlanking processes belong to the most widely used manufacturing techniques due to their economic efficiency. Their economic viability depends to a large extent on the resulting product quality and the associated customer satisfaction as well as on possible downtimes. In particular, the occurrence of increased tool wear reduces the product quality and leads to downtimes, which is why considerable research has been carried out in recent years with regard to wear detection. While processes have widely been monitored based on force and acceleration signals, a new approach is pursued in this paper. Blanked workpieces manufactured by punches with 16 different wear states are photographed and then used as inputs for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to classify wear states. The results show that wear states can be predicted with surprisingly high accuracy, opening up new possibilities and research opportunities for tool wear monitoring of blanking processes.
Evidence-based guidelines for hypofractionated radiation in breast cancer: conclusions of the Catalan expert working group
Authors: Eraso Arantxa , Sanz Javier , Mollà Meritxell , Reyes Vicky , Pedro Agustí , Arenas Meritxell , Martinez Evelyn , Ballester Rosa , Cambra Maria José , García Virginia , Prades Joan Lluis , Borras Josep M. , Algara Manuel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Daily, moderate hypofractionation has become standard treatment for breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery, although substantial variation exists in its use. This paper describes the generation of consensus-based recommendations for the utilisation of this therapy at the healthcare system level and compares these to American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) guidelines.

Materials and methods
Consensus-based guidelines were developed in three steps, including a systematic literature review and involvement of radiation oncologists specialising in breast cancer in Catalonia: (a) creation of a working group and evidence review; (b) consideration of the levels of evidence and agreement on the formulation of survey questions; and (c) performance of survey and development of consensus-based recommendations. Results were compared to the ASTRO recommendations.

Results
Consensus was above 80% for 10 of the 14 survey items. Experts supported hypofractionated radiotherapy for all breast cancer patients aged 40 years or more; with invasive carcinoma and breast-conserving surgery; without radiation of lymph nodes; and regardless of the tumour size, histological grade, molecular subtype, breast size, laterality, other treatment characteristics, or need for a boost. Over half favoured its use in all situations, even where available scientific evidence is insufficient. The resulting recommendations and the quality of the evidence are comparable to those from ASTRO, despite some differences in the degree of consensus.

Conclusion
Specialists agree that hypofractionation is the standard treatment for breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery, but some specific areas require a higher level of evidence before unequivocally extending indications.
Self-regulated learning self-efficacy, motivation, and intention to drop-out: The moderating role of friendships at University
Authors: Morelli Mara , Chirumbolo Antonio , Baiocco Roberto , Cattelino Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUniversity dropout represents a serious problem across the world. Past research has suggested the merits of studying both additive and multiplicative effects among the variables that affect the intention to drop out. In the present study, we tested the potential moderating effect of friendships at university, on both the association between self-regulated learning self-efficacy and intention to drop out and the associations between different motivations for attending university and intention to drop out. A sample of 404 Italian university students (Mage = 21.83; SD = 2.37) completed an online questionnaire. The outcomes showed that having friends at university was a protective factor in the relationship between self-regulated learning self-efficacy and intention to drop out. Students with a high number of university friends and low self-efficacy were less likely to intend to drop out than students with few university friends and low self-efficacy. Thus, having friends at university appears to protect students from developing the intention to drop out.
Phenotypic Stability and Correlation for Late Blight Resistance in Advanced Potato Clones Under Field and Controlled Conditions
Authors: Gastelo Manuel , Perez Willmer , Quispe Katherine , Pozo Victor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLate blight (LB) is the main potato disease worldwide and one of the most important ways to control it is the use of resistant varieties. Twenty-two potato clones from the B3 breeding population developed by the International Potato Center with high resistance to the disease and two susceptible controls were inoculated with four Peruvian complex isolates (POX67, PPA61, PLL69, and PPI112) of Phytophthora infestans, with complex virulence on potato. Whole plant inoculation assays were carried out under greenhouse and humid chamber conditions in Lima, Peru, and data obtained were correlated with data from field assays carried out in Oxapampa (Pasco), a CIP breeding site in the Peruvian rain forest. High significant correlations (α = 0.01) were found in the resistance to LB shown by potato clones, the values of the correlations under greenhouse conditions between the isolates POX67, PPA61, and PLL69 with the resistance in the field were r = 0.93, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively and under humid chamber conditions were r = 0.94, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between resistance in the field and in the greenhouse (r = 0.69) and the field and in humid chamber conditions (r = 0.77) for inoculations with PPI112 isolate. The twenty-two clones tested in this study showed phenotypic stability for LB resistance according to non-parametric analysis.