bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol Reduces Inflammatory Lung Damage After Meconium Aspiration in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Arruza Luis , Barata Lorena , Vierge Eva , Rodríguez Maria José , Del Pozo Aaron , Hind William , Martínez-Orgado José 
Published: June 2022

AimTo assess the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on lung damage in a piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).Materials and MethodsMeconium aspiration syndrome was modelled in newborn piglets via intratracheal instillation of 20% meconium in saline collected from healthy newborn humans. Piglets were treated i.v. with 5 mg/kg CBD (MAS + CBD) or Vehicle (MAS + VEH) 30 min after MAS induction and monitored for 6 h. Ventilated piglets without meconium instillation served as controls (CTL). Ventilatory and haemodynamic monitoring, histological and biochemical studies assessed the effects of treatment.ResultsPost-insult administration of CBD reduced MAS-induced deterioration of gas exchange, improving respiratory acidosis (final pH 7.38 ± 0.02, 7.22 ± 0.03 and 7.33 ± 0.03 and final pCO2 39.8 ± 1.3, 60.4 ± 3.8 and 45.7 ± 3.1 mmHg for CTL, MAS + VEH and MAS + CBD, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). These beneficial effects were obtained despite the less aggressive ventilatory settings required for CBD-treated animals (final minute volume 230 ± 30, 348 ± 33 and 253 ± 24 mL/kg/min and final Oxygenation Index 1.64 ± 0.04, 12.57 ± 3.10 and 7.42 ± 2.07 mmHg for CTL, MAS + VEH and MAS + CBD, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). CBD’s beneficial effects on gas exchange were associated with reduced histological lung damage, reduced leucocyte infiltration and oedema (histopathological score 1.6 ± 0.3, 8.6 ± 1.4 and 4.6 ± 0.7 points for CTL, MAS + VEH and MAS + CBD, respectively, p &lt; 0.05), as well as reduced TNFα production (0.04 ± 0.01, 0.34 ± 0.06 and 0.12 ± 0.02 A.U. for CTL, MAS + VEH and MAS + CBD, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, CBD improved blood pressure stability (final mean blood pressure 74.5 ± 0.2, 62.2 ± 6.2, and 78.67 ± 4.1 mmHg for CTL, MAS + VEH and MAS + CBD, respectively, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionCannabidiol reduces histologic lung damage and inflammation in a piglet model of MAS. This translates into improved gas exchange and blood pressure stability.
The Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Pediatric Celiac Disease
Authors: Kamilova Altinoy T. , Azizova Gulnoza K. , Umarnazarova Zulkhumar E. , Abdullaeva Dilrabo A. , Geller Svetlana I. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the gut in which innate and adaptive responses are involved. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an arsenal of innate immunity regulators of paramount importance in the gut. However, the role of AMPs in CD is unclear.AimsTo evaluate the levels of fecal β-defensin-2, fecal calprotectin (FC), and antibodies against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the serum of children with active CD and to compare them with those of healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe examined 76 children with recently diagnosed CD between the age of 2–10 years (average age: 6.1 ± 1.2 years) and 32 HC (average age: 6.2 ± 3.8 years) in this study. We evaluated the level of fecal β-defensin-2 and FC levels in coprofiltrates, and the level of anti-BPI antibodies in blood serum. Correlation relationships between the parameters were assessed according to Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsFecal β-defensin-2 concentration was greater in the CD group than in HC group, amounting to 99.6 ± 15.5 ng/mL and 64.0 ± 2.4 ng/mL, respectively (p &lt; 0.02). The level of FC in the CD children was 35.4 ± 8.1 μg/g, while that in the control group was 19.1 ± 1.1 μg/g, (p &lt; 0.05), representing a slightly increase. The concentration of anti-BPI antibodies in the CD and HC groups was 35.9 ± 10.1 U/mL and 5.2 ± 3.2 U/mL, respectively (p &lt; 0.002). There was a strong and direct correlation between fecal β-defensin-2 and FC (r = 0.69), as well as a direct but weak relationship between fecal β-defensin-2 and anti-BPI antibodies (r = 0.35).ConclusionsOur data reinforce that fecal β-defensin-2 and anti-BPI antibodies are greatly increased in patients with active CD. These biomarkers may be components of epithelial innate immunity in the intestine, with each having a distinct functional role in intestinal6 mucosal defense.
Higher Levels of Plasma Hyaluronic Acid and N-terminal Propeptide of Type III Procollagen Are Associated With Lower Kidney Function in Children With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mosca Antonella , Mantovani Alessandro , Crudele Annalisa , Panera Nadia , Comparcola Donatella , De Vito Rita , Bianchi Marzia , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Alisi Anna 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveHyaluronic acid (HA) and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) are two non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the relationships of plasma levels of HA and PIIINP with kidney function in children with NAFLD.MethodsPlasma HA and PIIINP levels were measured using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in a cohort of 106 Caucasian overweight or obese children with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Bedside Schwartz equation. Genotyping for the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 variant was performed using an allelic discrimination assay.ResultsChildren with fibrosis F2 had significantly higher plasma PIIINP and HA levels than those with F0 or F1 fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was positively associated with plasma HA and PIIINP, as well as with the presence of the risk allele G of PNPLA3 rs738409 variant, and negatively with eGFR. Moreover, eGFR showed significant inverse associations with HA and PIIINP levels, as well as the presence of G of PNPLA3 rs738409, and liver fibrosis stage. Notably, our multivariable regression models showed that higher plasma PIIINP (standardized beta coefficient: −0.206, P = 0.011) and HA levels (standardized beta coefficient: −0.531, P &lt; 0.0001) were associated with lower eGFR values, even after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype, and any stage of liver fibrosis.ConclusionsHigher levels of HA and PIIINP were associated with lower eGFR values in Caucasian children with biopsy-proven NAFLD, independently of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and other potential confounding factors.
Impact of National Volume-Based Procurement on the Procurement Volumes and Spending for Antiviral Medications of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Yuan Jing , Lu Z. Kevin , Xiong Xiaomo , Lee Tai-Ying , Huang Huang , Jiang Bin 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Although persistent inhibition of HBV replication by antiviral therapy has shown to slow disease progression, cost-related access barriers to these essential medicines are becoming salient. The national volume-based procurement (NVBP) was piloted in China and led to substantial reduction in the list price of prescription drugs. To examine the impact of NVBP on selected antiviral medication costs per defined daily dose (DDD), procurement volumes, and spending.Methods: We employed an interrupted time series design to examine changes in cost per defined daily dose (DDD), procurement volumes, and spending for NVBP bid-winning antiviral medications (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir) in 11 pilot cities from 2017 to 2020. Procurement transaction data were obtained from 9,454 hospitals in the Chinese Hospital Pharmaceutical Audit (CHPA) database. In the secondary analysis, the control group comprised two non-NVBP drugs (adefovir and lamivudine) procured in 11 cities not exposed to the NVBP.Results: Cost per DDD of the two hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral medications reduced by CNY1.598 (p = 0.002) immediately following the implementation of NVBP, dropping from an average cost of CNY16.483 per DDD at baseline to CNY6.420 at the end of the observation period. NVBP implementation resulted in a substantial reduction in daily costs of antivirals and an increase in monthly procurement volumes by 6.674 million DDDs (p = 0.017), while monthly spending was reduced by CNY138.26 million (p = 0.002). In the secondary ITS analysis with a control group, the average cost per DDD of the NVBP bid-winning antivirals declined by CNY4.537 (p &lt; 0.001), monthly procurement volumes increased by 7.209 million DDDs (p = 0.002), and monthly spending dropped by CNY138.83 million (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Volume-based procurement piloted in China may be effective for reducing price and total expenditures and improving drug utilization, which is especially important for HBV patients who need constant access to antiviral therapies.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pregnant Women
Authors: Goyal Rahul K. , Moffett Brady S. , Gobburu Jogarao V. S. , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibacterial indicated for serious gram-positive infections. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of vancomycin have not been described in pregnant women. This study aims to characterize the PK disposition of vancomycin in pregnant women based on data acquired from a database of routine hospital care for therapeutic drug monitoring to better inform dosing decisions.Methods: In this study, plasma drug concentration data from 34 pregnant hospitalized women who were administered intravenous vancomycin was analyzed. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was developed using non-linear mixed effects modeling. Model selection was based on statistical criterion, graphical analysis, and physiologic relevance. Using the final model AUC0-24 (PK efficacy index of vancomycin) was compared with non-pregnant population.Results: Vancomycin PK in pregnant women were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination and the following parameters: clearance (inter individual variability) of 7.64 L/hr (32%), central volume of 67.35 L, inter-compartmental clearance of 9.06 L/h, and peripheral volume of 37.5 L in a typical patient with 175 ml/min creatinine clearance (CRCL) and 45 kg fat-free mass (FFM). The calculated geometric mean of AUC0-24 for the pregnant population was 223 ug.h/ ml and 226 ug.h/ ml for the non-pregnant population.Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that vancomycin PK in pregnant women is consistent with non-pregnant adults and the dosing regimens used for non-pregnant patients may also be applicable to pregnant patients.
Predicting Adverse Events During Six-Minute Walk Test Using Continuous Physiological Signals
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Zang Yaning , Wu Qian , She Yingjia , Xu Haoran , Zhang Jian , Cai Shan , Li Yuzhu , Zhang Zhengbo 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a common functional assessment test, but adverse events during the test can be potentially dangerous and can lead to serious consequences and low quality of life. This study aimed to predict the occurrence of adverse events during 6MWT, using continuous physiological parameters combined with demographic variables.Methods: 578 patients with respiratory disease who had performed standardized 6MWT with wearable devices from three hospitals were included in this study. Adverse events occurred in 73 patients (12.6%). ECG, respiratory signal, tri-axial acceleration signals, oxygen saturation, demographic variables and scales assessment were obtained. Feature extraction and selection of physiological signals were performed during 2-min resting and 1-min movement phases. 5-fold cross-validation was used to assess the machine learning models. The predictive ability of different models and scales was compared.Results: Of the 16 features selected by the recursive feature elimination method, those related to blood oxygen were the most important and those related to heart rate were the most numerous. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) had the highest AUC of 0.874 ± 0.063 and the AUC of Logistic Regression was AUC of 0.869 ± 0.067. The mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) scale and Borg scale had the lowest performance, with an AUC of 0.733 and 0.656 respectively.Conclusion: It is feasible to predict the occurrence of adverse event during 6MWT using continuous physiological parameters combined with demographic variables. Wearable sensors/systems can be used for continuous physiological monitoring and provide additional tools for patient safety during 6MWT.
Relationship Between Affective Temperaments and Suicide Risk in Patients With First-Onset Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yin Lu , Song Tian-He , Wei Yan-Yan , Zhang Li-Gang , Zhou Shuang-Jiang , Yu Jian-Jin , Zhang Li-Ye , Li Hong-Juan , Chen Jing-Xu 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPeople may endorse suicidal behavior during a major depressive episode. Affective temperaments may play a role in this risk. We explored the relationship between affective temperaments and suicide and identified some traits that can predict suicide risk in depression.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the results of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in 284 participants recruited from a psychiatric clinic and the community in Beijing and compared the subscale scores (temperaments of cyclothymic, dysthymic, anxious, irritable, and hyperthymic) among major depressive disorders (MDDs) vs. the general population as well as depressive patients with vs. without suicide risk, using Student’s test, chi-square test, rank-sum test, and multivariable regression modeling.ResultsThe incidence of suicidal risk in depressive subjects was 47.62% (80/168). Being unmarried (p &lt; 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.007), and temperaments of dysthymic, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritable scores (all p &lt; 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in patients with depression than in the general population. Young age (p &lt; 0.001), female sex (p = 0.037), unmarried (p = 0.001), more severe depression (p &lt; 0.001), and dysthymic, anxious, and cyclothymic temperament (all p &lt; 0.05) were significantly more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than those without suicide risk. The logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.937, 95% CI 0.905∼0.970), female sex (OR = 2.606, 95% CI 1.142∼5.948), more severe depression (OR = 1.145, 95% CI 1.063∼1.234), cyclothymic temperament (OR = 1.275, 95% CI 1.102∼1.475), and dysthymic temperament (OR = 1.265, 95% CI 1.037∼1.542) were all independently associated with high suicidal risk in patients with first-onset major depression (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionTemperament traits differ between the general population and people suffering from MDD. Subjects with MDD who have much more severe depressive symptoms and a cyclothymic or dysthymic temperament were at a high risk of suicide.
Association Between Social Network and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Assessment From the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center Cohort (2013–2018)
Authors: Kim Jimin , Yang Ji Su , Youm Yoosik , Kim Dae Jung , Kim Hyeon Chang , Jung Sun Jae 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate how social networks are associated with cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly Korean population.MethodsA total of 7,704 individuals over the age of 50 were included from the baseline recruitment of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort from the years 2013 to 2018. Egocentric social network characteristics including network size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings were measured as exposures, and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was measured to reflect general cognitive function as an outcome. We also stratified the analysis by income level into tertiles, with income caps of 42,000 thousand won and 72,000 thousand won. A general linear regression model was used, adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, and study settings.ResultsSocial network properties were positively associated with cognitive function in both men and women. However, the specific estimates varied according to gender and income level. In men, frequency was most significantly associated with cognitive function (standardized β = 0.093, p-value &lt;0 .0001). In women, the strength of the association with cognitive function was found in size (standardized β = 0.055, p-value = 0.001). The effect modification of income level could be seen in the association between frequency and cognitive function. The strongest association between frequency and cognitive function was found in the middle income group in men (standardized β = 0.114, p-value = 0.0063), and the low income group in women (standardized β = 0.076, p-value = 0.0039).ConclusionThere were positive associations between social network properties (i.e., size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings) and cognitive function. The degree of association varied according to social network properties, gender, and income level. Overall, among social network properties, social network size was an important factor in the cognition of women, whereas frequency was important in the cognition of men.
Reflexões sobre o ensino de História local
Authors: Pontes de LIMA Ana Cláudia , Nascimento OLIVEIRA Ana Lúcia 
Published: June 2022

Este artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado sobre o ensino de história local. Tem como objetivo investigar a aprendizagem histórica a partir da análise dos relatos de professores e estudantes da Escola Municipal Instituto Presbiteriano de Heliópolis, Garanhuns –Pernambuco , na vivência do projeto pedagógico “Memórias de Garanhuns”.
Enhancement of two-dimensional electron gas mobility using strain reduced AlGaN barriers grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy under nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Yamada Atsushi , Yaita Junya , Kotani Junji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We demonstrated high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with enhanced two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility using a low-strain AlGaN barrier grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy under a nitrogen atmosphere. We investigated the effects of the growth temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere on the electrical properties of AlGaN-HEMT structures, focusing on 2DEG mobility. At growth temperatures below 855 °C, the 2DEG mobility decreased with decreasing growth temperature owing to an increase in the threading dislocation density. However, at growth temperatures above 855 °C, the 2DEG mobility decreased with increasing growth temperature. This finding was attributed to the compressive strain in the GaN channel, which increased with increasing growth temperature owing to the increased tensile strain in the AlGaN barriers. We concluded that temperatures around 855 °C are suitable for AlGaN barrier growth under nitrogen atmosphere. Finally, we achieved the highest 2DEG mobility of 2182 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a low sheet resistance of 406 Ω sq−1. using an Al0.41Ga0.59N barrier.
Effects of amplitude modulated capacitively coupled discharge Ar plasma on kinetic energy and angular distribution function of ions impinging on electrodes: particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model simulation
Authors: Abe Kohei , Kamataki Kunihiro , Yamamoto Akihiro , Nagao Iori , Otaka Michihiro , Yamashita Daisuke , Okumura Takamasa , Yamashita Naoto , Itagaki Naho , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effects of amplitude modulated (AM) capacitively coupled Ar discharge plasma on the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) and the ion angular distribution function (IADF) incident on electrodes using the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. For AM discharge, the electron density and electron temperature and the kinetic energy and angle of ions incident on the ground electrode change periodically with AM frequency, whereas ones for continuous wave discharge are almost constant. For AM discharge, the plasma had hysteresis characteristics. The peak energy of IEDF varies from 53 to 135 eV and the FWHM of IADF varies from 1.82 to 3.34 degrees for gas pressure 10mTorr, the peak-to-peak input voltage 400 V and AM level of 50%. The variation width of the peak energy of IEDF and FWHM of IADF increases with the AM level. These effects of AM method discharge are more noticeable at lower pressures. Thus, the AM discharge offers a way to control simultaneously IEDF and IADF, which opens a new avenue for plasma processes such as an ALD-like PECVD.
EFEKTIFITAS PERAWATAN PAYUDARA DAN PIJAT OKSITOSIN TERHADAP KECUKUPAN PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU NIFAS DI PMB TANGERANG SELATAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Yulianti Nur Dwi 
Published: June 2022

Pendahuluan : Investasi terbaik bagi kelangsungan hidup untuk menekan angka kematian bayi adalah dengan memberikan makanan terbaik, yaitu air susu ibu (ASI). ASI mengandung kolostrum yang kaya akan antibodi karena mengandung protein untuk daya tahan tubuh sehingga pemberian ASI eksklusif dapat mengurangi risiko kematian pada bayi. Masalah menyusui seperti puting susu lecet, payudara bengkak, saluran susu tersumbat, mastitis dan abses payudara pada umumnya terjadi dalam dua minggu pertama masa nifas. Pada masa ini, pengawasan dan perhatian petugas kesehatan sangat diperlukan agar masalah menyusui dapat segera diatasi, sehingga tidak menjadi penyulit atau menyebabkan kegagalan menyusui. Pijat stimulasi oksitosin untuk ibu menyusui juga berfungsi untuk merangsang hormon oksitosin agar dapat memperlancar ASI dan meningkatan kenyamanan ibu. Tujuan : Penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas perawatan payudara dan pijat oksitosin terhadap kecukupan pengeluaran ASI pada ibu nifas. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan memakai rancangan two group - post test design only, menggunakan non probability sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel dimana setiap unsur yang terdapat dalam populasi tidak memiliki kesempatan atau peluang yang sama untuk dipilih sebagai sampel. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling jumlah 36 sampel responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian akan dianalisis dengan uji analitik menggunakan bantuan komputer program SPSS. Hasil : Hasil uji statistic statistik Chi-square diperoleh nilai p value yaitu 0,007 < a= 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan payudara dan pijat oksitosin efektif terhadap kecukupan pengeluaran ASI pada ibu nifas di PMB Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2022. Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efektifitas perawatan payudara dan pijat oksitosin terhadap kecukupan pengeluaran ASI pada ibu nifas. Saran : Tenaga kesehatan dapat mengimplementasikan sekaligus memotivasi ibu dan keluarga dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif.