bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Vulnerability and Emergency General Surgery among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Kunnath Nicholas , Dimick Justin B , Scott John W , Ibrahim Andrew M 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was created to identify vulnerable populations after unexpected natural disasters, its ability to identify similar groups of patients undergoing unexpected emergency surgical procedures is unknown. We sought to examine the association between SVI and outcomes after emergency general surgery.

STUDY DESIGN:
This study is a cross-sectional review of 887,193 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent 1 of 4 common emergency general surgery procedures (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, and ventral hernia repair) performed in the urgent or emergent setting between 2014 and 2018. These data were merged with the SVI at the census-track level of residence. Risk-adjusted outcomes (30-day mortality, serious complications, readmission) were evaluated using a logistic regression model accounting for age, sex, comorbidity, year, procedure type, and hospital characteristics between high and low social vulnerability quintiles and within the 4 SVI subthemes (socioeconomic status; household composition and disability; minority status and language; and housing type and transportation).

RESULTS:
Compared with beneficiaries with low social vulnerability, Medicare beneficiaries living in areas of high social vulnerability experienced higher rates of 30-day mortality (8.56% vs 8.08%; adjusted odds ratio 1.07; p < 0.001), serious complications (20.71% vs 18.40%; adjusted odds ratio 1.17; p < 0.001), and readmissions (16.09% vs 15.03%; adjusted odds ratio 1.08; p < 0.001). This pattern of differential outcomes was present in subgroup analysis of all 4 SVI subthemes but was greatest in the socioeconomic status and household composition and disability subthemes.

CONCLUSIONS:
National efforts to support patients with high social vulnerability from natural disasters may be well aligned with efforts to identify communities that are particularly vulnerable to worse postoperative outcomes after emergency general surgery. Policies targeting structural barriers related to household composition and socioeconomic status may help alleviate these disparities.
Gordonia tangerina sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: He Yufei , Lyu Lina , Hu Ziyan , Yu Zhiqiang , Shao Zongze 
Published: December 2022

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated GW1C4-4T, was isolated from the seawater sample from the tidal zone of Guanyinshan Coast, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China. The strain was reddish-orange, rod-shaped and non-motile. Cells of strain GW1C4-4T were oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The strain could grow at 10–42 °C (optimum, 32–35 °C), pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0–10 % NaCl (w/v; optimum, 1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain GW1C4-4T belonged to the genus

Gordonia

, having the highest similarity to

Gordonia mangrovi

HNM0687T (98.5 %), followed by

Gordonia bronchialis

DSM 43247T (98.4 %). The G+C DNA content was 66.5 mol %. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain GW1C4-4T and

G. mangrovi

HNM0687T were 85.8 and 30.0 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids of strain GW1C4-4T were C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c). MK-9 (H2) was the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified lipid. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics, it is proposed that strain GW1C4-4T represents a novel species within the genus

Gordonia

, for which the name Gordonia tangerina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GW1C4-4T (=MCCC 1A18727T=KCTC 49729T).
Vendors’ perceptions on the bushmeat trade dynamics across West Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned on sanitary measures and awareness campaigns
Authors: Gaubert P. , Djagoun C.A.M.S. , Missoup A.D. , Ales N. , Amougou C.V. , Dipita A. Din , Djagoun J. , Gossé K.J. , Koffi C.E. , N’Goran E.M. , Noma Y.N. , Zanvo S. , Tindo M. , Antunes A. , Gonedelé-Bi S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn West Africa, the bushmeat trade is a major societal issue with contrasting implications on biodiversity, health and economy. We studied perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the bushmeat trade dynamics through questionnaires addressed to 377 vendors across three West African countries. We showed that bushmeat vendors constitute a socio-economic category driven by ethnicity and gender bias, engaged in profitable, long-term careers. There was a general consensus among vendors that the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental measures had a negative impact on their activities and the number of clients, a cost still perceived as visible at the time of the survey. However, we observed large discrepancies among the national trade dynamics relative to the constraints of the pandemic. Côte d’Ivoire was hardly hit by the bushmeat ban and perceived governmental measures as rather negative, whereas Cameroon generally did not report a temporary stop of bushmeat activities and engaged in the stockpiling of pangolins, and Benin mostly suffered from a weakened supply chain. Because such differences are rooted in the geography and political agenda of each country, predicting the impact of mitigation measures on the global dynamics of bushmeat markets might be an unrealistic task if national specificities are not taken into account. West African vendors generally did not believe that pangolins were involved in the pandemic, for the reason that people have always been eating pangolins and have never been sick. We recommend that future awareness campaigns through television and social networks also include education on microbial evolution and host shift.
Nutritional Impacts of Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol: Are there unintended diet consequences?
Authors: Leckcivilize Attakrit , Whybrow Stephen , Gao Ni , McKenzie Lynda , Kopasker Daniel , McNamee Paul , Ludbrook Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, Scotland introduced a Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) policy to remove very-low-cost alcoholic drinks from the market and reduce adverse social and health-related impacts of excessive alcohol consumption. Any increased spending on alcohol may reduce spending on food, and adversely impact diet quality.ObjectivesTo estimate the effect of MUP on dietary energy, nutrients and diet quality.MethodsAnalyses were conducted on household level purchase data, collected by Kantar Worldpanel (KWP) over 53 weeks before and 54 weeks after the introduction of MUP, from 1987 households in Scotland and 6064 households in the north of England. Energy and food purchases were adjusted to per adult-equivalent values after accounting for estimated unavoidable food waste. Difference-in-differences analyses were conducted for energy, energy density, Diet Quality Index, and foods and nutrients that are relevant to the Scottish dietary goals. The Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood regression model with household fixed-effects was used, with estimates adjusted for age of main shopper, household composition, duration of KWP participation, total spending on non-food items, and month of the year. The effects of area level deprivation and levels of alcohol purchase were also explored.ResultsThe introduction of MUP in Scotland led to a 1.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.02% - 3.16%) reduction in sugar purchase or 8 grams per adult-equivalent per week. This reduction was partly a result of a 16.6% (95% CI 7.15% - 25.96%) reduction in sugar from alcoholic drinks purchased. No significant associations were found between MUP and energy, energy density, other nutrients or diet quality. Households from more deprived areas, or with greater alcohol purchases, had greater levels of sugar reduction from alcohol.ConclusionsThe introduction of MUP in Scotland was associated with small, but beneficial, statistically significant reductions in the purchase of sugar. There was no significant change in overall diet quality.
Joint inference of transcription factor activity and context-specific regulatory networks
Authors: Chen Chen , Padi Megha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTranscriptional regulation is a critical process that determines cell fate and disease. One of the challenges in understanding transcriptional regulation is that there is no easy way to infer the main regulators from gene expression data. Many existing methods focus on estimating the activity of individual transcription factors (TFs) using static TF-gene interaction databases, but regulomes are often altered in different cell types and disease conditions. To address this problem, we developed a new algorithm – Transcriptional Inference using Gene Expression and Regulatory data (TIGER) – that leverages Bayesian matrix factorization to simultaneously infer TF regulomes and transcription factor (TF) activities from RNA-seq data. We show that, when applied to yeast, A375, and MCF7 TF knock-out datasets, TIGER can provide more accurate predictions than comparable methods. The application to single-cell RNA-seq data reveals TIGER’s potential for uncovering cell differentiation mechanisms. Our results reinforce the importance of incorporating context-specific regulation when studying the mechanisms driving disease in different cell types.
Highly multiplexed detection of microRNAs, proteins and small molecules using barcoded molecular probes and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Koch Caroline , Reilly-O’Donnell Benedict , Gutierrez Richard , Lucarelli Carla , Siong Ng Fu , Gorelik Julia , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Edel Joshua B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, most blood tests in a clinical setting only investigate a handful of markers. A low-cost, rapid, and highly multiplexed platform for the quantitative detection of blood biomarkers has the potential to advance clinical diagnostics beyond the single biomarker paradigm. In this study, we perform nanopore sequencing of barcoded molecular probes that have been engineered to recognise a panel of biological targets (miRNAs, proteins, and small molecules such as neurotransmitters), allowing for highly multiplexed simultaneous detection. Our workflow is rapid, from sample preparation to results in 1 hour. We also demonstrate that the strategy can be used to detect biomarkers directly from human serum without extraction or amplification. The established method is easily adaptable, as the number and type of targets detected can be greatly expanded depending on the application required.
Revisit of Okun's law case of Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan and Oman
Authors: Neifar Malika 
Published: December 2022

PurposeIn this paper, the author aims to investigate the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in six Arab countries from Middle East and North Africa (MENA) zone including Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan and Oman through the implementation of Okun's law using quarterly dataset covering the time period 2000: 1–2014: 4.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, static and dynamic linear and nonlinear models are used to test the linkage between cyclical unemployment and cyclical growth rate.FindingsThe empirical results from considered models confirm an inverse linkage between unemployment rate and economic growth, as the Okun's law suggests (except for Oman). In a nonlinear autoregressive dynamic linear (NARDL) framework and gap specification, statistically significant Okun's coefficients indicate that output growth can be translated into employment gains. Absolute effect of an economic contraction is significantly larger than that of an expansion in Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco and Lebanon. The opposite is true for Jordan and Oman.Practical implicationsEmpirical finding provides then an additional proof that Okun's law could exist in a developing countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon and Jordan. Hence, any attempt to increase gross domestic product (GDP) through some economic fiscal and/or monetary policies in these countries would reduce unemployment rate.Originality/valueBased on asymmetric specification, the author can conclude with precision that an economic upturn of 3.37, 2.98 and 2.5%, respectively, in Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt reduces unemployment by 1%, whilst the downturn of 5.03 and 2.43% (and about 12%), respectively, in Tunisia and Morocco (and Lebanon and Jordan) achieves the opposite.
Healthcare expenditure, good governance and human development
Authors: Banik Banna , Roy Chandan Kumar , Hossain Rabiul 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the consequence of the quality of governance (QoG) in moderating the effect of healthcare spending on human development.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a two-step Windmeijer finite sample-corrected system-generalized method of moments (sys-GMM) estimation technique on a panel dataset of 161 countries from 2005 to 2019. The authors use healthcare expenditure as the main explanatory variable and the Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable and also consider voice and accountability (VnA), political stability and absence of terrorism (PSnAT), governance effectiveness (GoE), regulatory quality (ReQ), rules of law (RLaw) and control of corruption (CoC) dimensions of governance indicators as proxies of good governance. The authors develop a new measure of good governance from these six dimensions of governance using principal component analysis (PCA).FindingsThe authors empirically revealed that allocating more healthcare support alone is insufficient to improve human development. Individually, PSnAT has the highest net positive effect on health expenditure that helps to increase human welfare. Further, the corresponding interaction effect between expenditure and the Good Governance Index (GGI) is negative but insignificant for low-income countries (LICs); negative and statistically significant for sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies and positive but insignificant for South Asian nations.Originality/valueThis study is an in-depth analysis of how governance impacts the effectiveness of healthcare expenditure to ensure higher human development, particularly in a large panel of 161 countries. The authors have developed a new index of good governance and later extended the analysis by separating countries based on the income level and geographical location, which are utterly absent in existing literature.
Zomato’s dilemma – a case of disgruntled delivery partners at Zomato
Authors: Saldanha Avil , Balasundaram Sathiyaseelan , Aranha Rekha 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
This case study provides students/managers an opportunity to learn about:▪ Learning objective 1: Critically analyse reasons for the disgruntlement of delivery partners of Zomato.▪ Learning objective 2: Evaluate Zomato’s moral obligations to gig workers in the absence of government regulations.▪ Learning objective 3: Analyse the drivers of well-being affecting e-commerce delivery partners.▪ Learning objective 4: Evaluate the welfare schemes undertaken by Zomato for its delivery partners and infer well-being measures that can be adopted to improve worker engagement.

Case overview/synopsis
The focus of this case was the crisis at Zomato as a result of the protests by gig workers engaged as delivery partners at the company. This case discussed the CEO’s dilemma in resolving the crisis. Zomato's business model was discussed to provide students an overview of the dynamics and challenges of online food delivery business; the company’s initiatives to enhance the robustness of its business model and the resulting media backlash questioning some of these initiatives that could endanger the lives of its delivery partners. In addition, this case explored the lack of regulatory provisions for gig workers in India. Finally, the options available to the protagonist to mitigate the crisis were discussed. The focal point was the well-being initiatives that the protagonist could consider implementing to address the concerns voiced by the delivery partners and encourage them to engage in Zomato's business with positivity.

Complexity academic level
The case is best suited for postgraduate and executive students studying Human Resources subjects in Commerce and Business Management streams.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Rocky road? Driving gender diversity & inclusion in Cummins India through inclusive leadership
Authors: Datta Sumita , Shah Snehal 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes
1. To understand the importance of creating and implementing a vision for enhancing gender diversity and inclusion relevant to the manufacturing and engineering sector in an emerging market.
2. To develop insights into the vision and characteristics of an inclusive leader.
3. To evaluate the strategies and organizational levers that created and nurtured a climate of gender diversity and inclusion in Cummins India.
4. To identify organizational levers that will enable the sustenance and institutionalization of a climate of inclusion.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study traces a 16-year journey of diversity and inclusion at Cummins India, a subsidiary of the Fortune 500 manufacturing organization Cummins Inc. headquartered in the US. Initially spearheaded by Anant Talaulicar, and then continued by Ashwath Ram, gender D&I initiative at Cummins India has made significant strides. Talaulicar had an opportunity to immerse himself in the ethos of the parent company before joining the Indian subsidiary.
In India during the early 2000s the external environment was characterized by rapid technological and regulatory changes and increasing complexity. To make matters more difficult, the internal culture was steeped in a traditional manufacturing mindset marked by dismal female participation rate and an over-representation of locals with similar beliefs and value systems.
Given the mammoth task already taken up by Talaulicar by improving the diversity numbers from 3% to 33%, Ram had big shoes to fill. On one hand, he had to drive the business amidst uncertain market conditions; on the other hand, he had to carry on a legacy. Given that he himself had a lived experience of Cummins global values, he knew D&I was an integral part of the Cummins way of life. His familiarity with the socio-cultural challenges of the country coupled with his drive to continue and rejuvenate the D&I agenda, brought some interesting, yet challenging, questions for him. With the internal and external pressures looming large before him, could he institutionalize a climate of inclusion that could serve as a strategic lever to place the company on the path of growth, vibrancy and economic prosperity?
Through qualitative research conducted by the authors, this case study brought out learnings pertaining to linkage of leadership in creating a climate of inclusion and expansion of talent diversity through a set of people strategies and HR practices. The contribution of this case study is primarily to theory and practice in the field of Human Resource Management, D&I as well as in developing inclusive leadership.

Complexity academic level
MBA programs and leadership development programs

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Cooling of a periodic heat-generating solid element in an electronic cabinet using a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic nanofluid and a heat-conducting substrate
Authors: Loenko Darya , Öztop Hakan F. , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Nowadays, the most important challenge in mechanical engineering, power engineering and electronics is a development of effective cooling systems for heat-generating units. Taking into account this challenge, this study aims to deal with computational investigation of thermogravitational energy transport of pseudoplastic nanoliquid in an electronic chamber with a periodic thermally producing unit placed on the bottom heat-conducting wall of finite thickness under an influence of isothermal cooling from vertical side walls.

Design/methodology/approach
The control equations formulated using the Boussinesq approach, Ostwald–de Waele power law and single-phase nanofluid model with experimentally based correlations of Guo et al. for nanofluid dynamic viscosity and Jang and Choi for nanofluid thermal conductivity have been worked out by the in-house computational procedure using the finite difference technique. The impact of the Rayleigh number, nanoadditives concentration, frequency of the periodic heat generation from the local element and thickness of the bottom solid substrate on nanoliquid circulation and energy transport has been studied.

Findings
It has been found that a raise of the nanoadditives concentration intensifies the cooling of the heat-generating element, while a growth of the heat-generation frequency allows reducing the amplitude of the heater temperature.

Originality/value
Mathematical modeling of a pseudoplastic nanomaterial thermogravitational energy transport in an electronic cabinet with a periodic thermally generating unit, a heat-conducting substrate and isothermal cooling vertical surfaces to identify the possibility of intensifying heat removal from a heated surface.
A co-created value scale for the hospitality service: applying a text mining approach
Authors: Kwon Wooseok 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Although co-creation draws attention from researchers and practitioners, the concept is theoretically discussed, and it is not known enough how to measure co-created value (CCV) substantially at service encounters. This study aims to conceptualize CCV from the service-dominant (S-D) logic perspective and develop a CCV scale for hospitality services.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to the conventional psychometric procedure for scale development, this study combined text-mining techniques and interviews to generate items to capture the concept of CCV comprehensively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using two different surveys. Moreover, structural equation modeling was performed to test concurrent validity.

Findings
The study developed a CCV scale, including four sub-dimensions: CCV-in-use, CCV-in-interaction, CCV-in-involvement and CCV-in-experience. The validity test results demonstrated that the new scale effectively measured CCV in a hospitality setting.

Research limitations/implications
The multidimensional constructs and the scale that this study developed will contribute to empirical research and improve understanding of CCV at the service encounter. Moreover, managers can enhance their competitive advantages by identifying and evaluating factors to facilitate CCV.

Originality/value
The study reconceptualized CCV, drawing on a resource-based view from S-D logic, and developed a scale to measure the degree to which customers perceive CCV. Furthermore, it achieved methodological advancement in adopting text mining of online reviews for the scale development process.