bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effects of fresh mother's own milk in very preterm infants
Authors: Huang Jing , Zheng Zhi , Zhao Xiao‐yan , Huang Li‐han , Wang Lian , Zhang Xiao‐lan , Lin Xin‐zhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFresh mother's own milk (MOM) can protect preterm infants from many complications. Often MOM is pasteurized for safety, which can deactivate cellular and bioactive components with protective benefits. Questions remain regarding whether pasteurized MOM provides the same benefits as fresh MOM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and feasibility of feeding very preterm infants with fresh MOM. This prospective cohort study included 157 very preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestational age and with a birthweight below 1500 g. Of these, 82 infants were included in the fresh MOM without any processing group and 75 infants were included in the pasteurized never‐frozen MOM (PNFMOM) group. The mortality rate, survival rate without severe complication, incidence of complications, feeding indexes and growth velocities were compared to assess the association and feasibility of feeding fresh MOM. Compared with the PNFMOM group, the fresh MOM group had a higher survival rate without severe complications (p = 0.014) and a lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.010) after adjustment for confounders. The fresh MOM group regained birthweight earlier (p = 0.021), reached total enteral feeding earlier (p = 0.024), and received total parenteral nutrition for less time (p = 0.045). No adverse events associated with fresh MOM feeding were recorded. Feeding fresh MOM may reduce the incidence of complications in very premature infants. Fresh MOM was shown to be a feasible feeding strategy to improve preterm infants' outcomes.
Patriarchal Bargaining: Female Religious Authority in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints and the Muftiyas of Al Azhar
Authors: Kaf Alghazal Casey Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract“Why do women disproportionately invest in an institution that systematically devalues them?”1 If we are to view the patriarchal religious hierarchies that many women are a part of as the institutions that they are investing themselves in, it can appear to be a confusing dynamic of personal investment and patriarchal subordination or even oppression. However, upon digging deeper into the lives of these religious women, particularly into the lives of the women of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints and the muftiyas of Al Azhar, it becomes clear that they are not oppressed and subjugated but are instead participating in a method of strategizing known as patriarchal bargaining. Patriarchal bargaining, a concept described by Professor Deniz Kandiyoti at the University of London, is a form of strategizing within a patriarchal hierarchy by women who possess, or are seeking to gain, positions of leadership and authority without explicitly upsetting the “rules” of the established patriarchal hierarchy already in place.2 Using the concept of patriarchal bargaining, and subsequent research into women’s roles in patriarchal religious hierarchies, this article attempts to establish an answer to the aforementioned question while expanding on Kandioyti’s initial explanation of patriarchal bargaining within cultural and societal norms. The manner in which women from both religious traditions utilize their influence, the media, academic scholarship, and the significance of the appearance of their support for the patriarchal religious hierarchy provides greater context in understanding how patriarchal bargaining is not a phenomenon isolated to a specific region, religious tradition, or culture, but is instead a direct response to the impact of patriarchal hierarchies in women’s experiences of religious leadership.
Why College Students Don't Access Resources for Food Insecurity: Stigma and Perceptions of Need
Authors: Peterson Nicole , Freidus Andrea , Tereshenko Dmitry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAttempts to understand college student food insecurity have primarily focused on demographic characteristics associated with higher rates of food insecurity, and have recommended improving awareness of and access to resources such as campus food pantries. We argue in this article that this emphasis on individual‐level factors and efforts can lead to stigma or shame for many of those using pantries and other programs. Our survey and interview data collected from 2016 to 2019 show that many college students see hunger as tied to their individual failures. We find that an individualistic perspective on the experience of student food insecurity neglects the larger institutional and social contexts, including changes to financial aid, college funding options, food assistance policies, and discrimination. We propose an alternative model for understanding the stigma of student food insecurity that connects language and stereotypes to power differentials affecting access beyond the individual, and thus better addresses the root causes of student food insecurity.Intentos de comprender la inseguridad alimentaria de estudiantes universitarios suelen enfocarse en las características demográficas asociadas con incidencias altas de inseguridad alimentaria y han recomendado mejorar la información sobre y el acceso a recursos como las despensas de alimentos universitarias. En este artículo proponemos que este énfasis en factores y esfuerzos a nivel del individuo pueden conducir a que muchos quienes usan despensas y otros programas de asistencia sientan estigma o vergüenza por ello. Los datos que recopilamos entre 2016 y 2019 por medio de encuestas y entrevistas demuestran que muchos estudiantes universitarios consideran que el hambre está ligado a fracasos del individuo mismo. Concluimos que al tomar una perspectiva individualista sobre la experiencia de la inseguridad alimentaria estudiantil se ignoran contextos institucionales y sociales más amplios que afectan al problema, incluyendo los cambios en la ayuda financiera universitaria, las opciones de financiación universitaria, las políticas de asistencia alimentaria, y la discriminación. Proponemos un modelo alternativo para comprender el estigma de la inseguridad alimentaria de los estudiantes que conecta el lenguaje y los estereotipos con las diferencias de poder que afectan el acceso más allá del individuo y, por lo tanto, mejor aborda las causas fundamentales de la inseguridad alimentaria de los estudiantes.
Weakening of M1 macrophage and bone resorption in periodontitis cystathionine γ‐lyase‐deficient mice
Authors: Li Sijin , Hua Yongmei , Liao Chongshan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesCystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CTH) has been proved to involve in inflammation and bone remolding, implying its potential role in the progression of periodontitis. This study was aimed to investigate the function of CTH and its relation to the macrophage polarization in periodontitis.Materials and methodsBone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild‐type (WT) and Cth knockout (Cth−/−) mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by qRT‐PCR. Ligature‐induced periodontitis was established on WT and Cth−/− mice. Histological analysis, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunostaining, and Western blot were performed to analyze the periodontium destruction and M1 macrophage polarization.ResultsCth expression in BMDMs was upregulated upon increasing LPS stimulation. Deletion of Cth suppressed BMDMs inflammatory response with decreased Il1b, Il6, and Tnf mRNA. Cth−/− mice with periodontitis showed attenuated bone loss and impaired osteoclast differentiation compared with WT. Moreover, Cth knockout hindered M1 macrophage polarization, reduced the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in periodontally diseased tissue.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that CTH played an important role in regulating the inflammatory responses and periodontitis tissue destruction. Importantly, Cth knockout suppressed M1 macrophages polarization in periodontitis.
Barriers and misconceptions of ex situ heart perfusion in pediatric donation
Authors: Conway Jennifer , Deschenes Sadie , Pidborochynski Tara , Freed Darren H. , van Manen Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite efforts, pediatric HTx candidates continue to have high waitlist mortality due to limited donor availability. However, there is a significant number of offered hearts not used due to concerns of viability. ESHP is a method for continuous perfusion of the donor heart that allows assessment and extended out‐of‐body time. It is imperative to understand healthcare stakeholders' perspectives on ESHP for implementation. Therefore, the aims of this qualitative study were to: (1) Explore pediatric stakeholders' perspectives toward ESHP; and (2) Identify barriers to widespread adoption of this technology.MethodsVirtual focus groups were completed with pediatric HTx healthcare professional stakeholders. Following transcription of audio‐recordings, the material was analyzed using content analysis.ResultsFour focus groups were completed with 17 participants, representing 12 institutions and three countries. Focus groups revealed varied understanding of both current and potential uses of ESHP. Participants did see the potential benefits of extending out‐of‐body time for and the ability to evaluate donor heart quality. However, concerns were expressed relating to patient selection, wait‐list times, post‐HTx outcomes, adverse events, and technical issues. These were felt to be important to understand in order to justify the costs of ESHP and impact on the healthcare system.ConclusionsThis project represents the first qualitative formative evaluation of ESHP in pediatrics. The knowledge gained from stakeholders will form the basis for education initiatives, clinical trial design, and roll‐out of new ESHP technologies designed for pediatrics.
Comparison of Pulsed and Continuous Wave Diode Laser at 940 nm on the Viability and Migration of Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Jazaeri Marzieh , Torkzaban Parviz , Afshar Saeid , Najafi‐Vosough Roya , Arany Praveen , Gholami Leila 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGingival fibroblasts have critical roles in oral wound healing. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to promote mucosal healing and is now recommended for managing oncotherapy‐associated oral mucositis. This study examined the effects of the emission mode of a 940 nm diode laser on the viability and migration of human gingival fibroblasts. Cells were cultured in a routine growth media and treated with PBM (average power 0.1 W cm−2, average fluence 3 J cm−2, every 12 h for six sessions) in one continuous wave and two pulsing settings with 20% and 50% duty cycles. Cell viability was assessed using MTT, and digital imaging quantified cell migration. After 48 and 72 h, all treatment groups had significantly higher viability (n = 6, P < 0.05) compared with the control. The highest viability was seen in the pulsed (20% duty cycle) group at the 72‐h time point. PBM improved fibroblast migration in all PBM‐treated groups, but differences were not statistically significant (n = 2, P > 0.05). PBM treatments can promote cell viability in both continuous and pulsed modes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the optimal setting for PBM‐evoked responses for its rationalized use in promoting specific phases of oral wound healing.
Managing two‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine rollouts with limited supply: Operations strategies for distributing time‐sensitive resources
Authors: Mak Ho‐Yin , Dai Tinglong , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: September 2022

Distributing scarce resources such as COVID‐19 vaccines is often a highly time‐sensitive and mission‐critical operation. Our research was prompted by a significant obstacle that the United States and other nations encountered during the early months of the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign: Most COVID‐19 vaccines require two doses given 3 or 4 weeks apart. Given the severely limited supply and mounting pressure on many countries to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, how to effectively roll out two‐dose vaccines was a critical policy decision. In this paper, we first model and analyze inventory dynamics of the rollout process under three rollout strategies: (1) holding back second doses, (2) releasing second doses, and (3) stretching the lead time between doses. Then we develop an SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) model that incorporates COVID‐19 asymptomatic and symptomatic infections to evaluate these strategies in terms of infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. Among our findings, we show releasing second doses reduces infections but creates uneven vaccination patterns. In addition, to ensure second doses are given on time without holding back inventory, strictly less than half of the supply can be allocated to first‐dose appointments. Stretching the between‐dose lead time flattens the infection curve and reduces both hospitalizations and mortality compared with the strategy of releasing second doses. We also consider an alternative single‐dose vaccine with lower efficacy and show that the vaccine can be more effective than its two‐dose counterparts in reducing infections and mortality. We conduct extensive sensitivity analyses related to age composition, risk‐based prioritization, supply disruptions, and disease transmissibility. Our paper provides important implications for policymakers to develop effective vaccine rollout strategies in developed and developing countries alike. More broadly, our paper sheds light on how to develop effective operations strategies for distributing time‐sensitive resources in times of crisis.
How does UV‐B stress affect secondary metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis in vitro shoots grown at different 6‐benzyl aminopurine concentrations?
Authors: Yun Cholil , Zhao Zhuowen , Ri Ilbong , Gao Yuan , Shi Yutong , Miao Na , Gu Lin , Wang Wenjie , Wang Huimei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation is one of the abiotic stresses that can significantly affect the secondary metabolite accumulation in in vitro tissue cultures of medicinal plants. The present study investigated the effects of UV‐B radiation on the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of Scutellaria baicalensis in vitro shoots grown at different concentrations of 6‐benzyl aminopurine (6‐BA), which is the cytokinin most widely used in plant tissue culture. The UV‐B radiation caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities in the in vitro shoots grown at lower 6‐BA concentrations (0 and 1 mg L−1), while it did not cause any significant changes in those grown at higher 6‐BA concentrations (2 and 3 mg L−1). However, the UV‐B radiation significantly altered the contents of main individual flavonoids at both lower and higher 6‐BA concentrations. Upon UV‐B radiation, aglycones (including baicalein, wogonin, and scutellarein) increased, while glucuronides such as baicalin and wogonoside decreased; this was more evident at higher 6‐BA concentrations. This study demonstrated that the effects of UV‐B radiation on the secondary metabolites of S. baicalensis in vitro shoots highly depended on the 6‐BA concentration in the culture medium.
The effect of schizophrenia risk factors on mismatch responses in a rat model
Authors: Jalewa Jaishree , Todd Juanita , Michie Patricia T. , Hodgson Deborah M. , Harms Lauren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReduced mismatch negativity (MMN), a robust finding in schizophrenia, has prompted interest in MMN as a preclinical biomarker of schizophrenia. The rat brain can generate human‐like mismatch responses (MMRs) which therefore enables the exploration of the neurobiology of reduced MMRs. Given epidemiological evidence that two developmental factors, maternal infection and adolescent cannabis use, increase the risk of schizophrenia, we determined the effect of these two developmental risk factors on rat MMR amplitude in different auditory contexts. MMRs were assessed in awake adult male and female Wistar rats that were offspring of pregnant dams treated with either a viral infection mimetic (poly I:C) inducing maternal immune activation (MIA) or saline control. In adolescence, subgroups of the prenatal treatment groups were exposed to either a synthetic cannabinoid (adolescent cannabinoid exposure: ACE) or vehicle. The context under which MMRs were obtained was manipulated by employing two different oddball paradigms, one that manipulated the physical difference between rare and common auditory stimuli, and another that manipulated the probability of the rare stimulus. The design of the multiple stimulus sequences across the two paradigms also allowed an investigation of context on MMRs to two identical stimulus sequences. Male offspring exposed to each of the risk factors for schizophrenia (MIA, ACE or both) showed a reduction in MMR, which was evident only in the probability paradigm, with no effects seen in the physical difference. Our findings highlight the importance of contextual factors induced by paradigm manipulations and sex for modeling schizophrenia‐like MMN impairments in rats.
Neural basis of implicit motor sequence learning: Modulation of cortical power
Authors: Lum Jarrad A. G. , Clark Gillian M. , Barhoun Pamela , Hill Aron T. , Hyde Christian , Wilson Peter H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImplicit sequence learning describes the acquisition of serially ordered movements and sequentially structured cognitive information, that occurs without awareness. Theta, alpha and beta cortical oscillations are present during implicit motor sequence learning, but their role in this process is unclear. The current study addressed this gap in the literature. A total of 50 healthy adults aged between 19 and 37 years participated in the study. Implicit motor sequence learning was examined using the Serial Reaction Time task where participants unknowingly repeat a sequence of finger movements in response to a visual stimulus. Sequence learning was examined by comparing reaction times and oscillatory power between sequence trials and a set of control trials comprising random stimulus presentations. Electroencephalography was recorded as participants completed the task. Analyses of the behavioral data revealed participants learnt the sequence. Analyses of oscillatory activity, using permutation testing, revealed sequence learning was associated with a decrease in theta band (4–7 Hz) power recorded over frontal and central electrode sites. Sequence learning effects were not observed in the alpha (7–12 Hz) or beta bands (12–20 Hz). Even though alpha and beta power modulations have long been associated with executing a motor response, it seems theta power is a correlate of sequence learning in the manual domain. Theta power modulations on the serial reaction time task may reflect disengagement of attentional resources, either promoting or occurring as a consequence of implicit motor sequence learning
Parents’ oral health promotion efforts for their children with Down syndrome and the children's oral health
Authors: Wan Roselan Wan Nurazreen , Bawawi Sofea Nadhirah , Baharuddin Izyan Hazwani , Wan Mokhtar Ilham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe study evaluated parents' oral health care experiences and practices for their children with Down syndrome and its effect on the child's teeth and gingiva's conditionMethod75 parents of children with Down syndrome between 0 and 16 years of age responded to 18‐item bilingual questionnaire concerning their child's oral health statusResultMost parents rated their child's teeth and gingiva health as good. There is no correlation found between experience score and practice score (r = −0.057), and no correlation between practice score on the child's both teeth (r = −0.001) and gingiva's condition (r = 0.031).ConclusionThe parental oral health care experience and practices for their children with Down syndrome are deemed sufficient. However, a tailor‐made comprehensive oral health care for them is very advisable, thus eradicating the barriers and challenges.
Help‐seeking behavior among adults who attempted or died by suicide in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Barry Rebecca , Rehm Jürgen , de Oliveira Claire , Gozdyra Peter , Chen Simon , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to determine the relationship between rurality and help‐seeking behavior prior to a suicide or suicide attempt.MethodsData from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from administrative databases held at ICES, which capture all hospital, emergency department (ED), and general practitioner (GP) visits across Ontario. Rurality was defined using the Rurality Index of Ontario scores. Help‐seeking was based on accessing health services 1 year prior to the event.ResultsAmong those who died by suicide (N = 9848), those living in rural areas were less likely to seek help from a psychiatrist (rural males: AOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.31–0.57; rural females: AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.97) compared with those living in urban areas. We found a similar association among those who attempted suicide (N = 82,480) (rural males: AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.43–0.56; rural females: AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.46–0.57). Rural males and females were more likely to seek care from an ED for mental health reasons compared with urban males and females.ConclusionsAmong people who died by suicide, those living in rural areas are generally less likely to access psychiatrists and GPs and more likely to access EDs, suggesting that people living in rural areas may have less access to care than their urban counterparts.
Projected frontal area and its components during front crawl depend on lung volume
Authors: Washino Sohei , Murai Akihiko , Mankyu Hirotoshi , Ogita Futoshi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Yoshitake Yasuhide 
Published: September 2022

We examined the influence of lung volume on the vertical body position, trunk inclination, and projected frontal area (PFA) during swimming and the inter‐relationships among these factors. Twelve highly trained male swimmers performed a 15 m front crawl with sustained maximal inspiration (INSP), maximal expiration (EXP), and intermediate (MID) at a target velocity of 1.20 m·s−1. Using our developed digital human model, which allows inverse kinematics calculations by fitting individual body shapes measured with a three‐dimensional photonic image scanner to individually measured underwater motion capture data, vertical center of mass (CoM) position, trunk inclination, and PFA were calculated for each complete stroke cycle. In particular, the PFA was calculated by automatic processing of a series of parallel frontal images obtained from a reconstructed digital human model. The vertical CoM position was higher with a larger lung‐volume level (p < 0.01). The trunk inclination was smaller in INSP and MID than in EXP (p < 0.01). PFA was smaller with a larger lung‐volume level (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant interaction of vertical CoM position and trunk inclination with PFA (p = 0.006). There was a negative association between PFA and vertical CoM position, and a positive association between PFA and trunk inclination less than the moderate vertical CoM position (each p < 0.05). These results obtained using our methodology indicate that PFA decreases with increasing lung volume due to an increase in vertical CoM position, and additionally due to a decrease in trunk inclination at low‐to‐moderate lung‐volume levels.