bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of the NNBAR experiment
Authors: Backman F. , Barrow J. , Beßler Y. , Bianchi A. , Bohm C. , Brooijmans G. , Calen H. , Cederkäll J. , Damian J.I.M. , Dian E. , Di Julio D.D. , Dunne K. , Eklund L. , Ferreira M.J. , Fierlinger P. , Friman-Gayer U. , Happe C. , Holl M. , Johansson T. , Kamyshkov Y. , Klinkby E. , Kolevatov R. , Kupsc A. , Meirose B. , Milstead D. , Nepomuceno A. , Nilsson T. , Oskarsson A. , Perrey H. , Ramic K. , Rataj B. , Rizzi N. , Santoro V. , Silverstein S. , Snow W.M. , Takibayev A. , Wagner R. , Wolke M. , Yiu S.C. , Young A.R. , Zanini L. , Zimmer O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source
will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with a
sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the
last such search. This paper describes progress towards a conceptual
design report for NNBAR. The design of a moderator, neutron
reflector, beamline, shielding and annihilation detector is
reported. The simulations used form part of a model which will be
used for optimisation of the experiment design and quantification of
its sensitivity.
The Kronig–Penney model in a quadratic channel with δ interactions: II. Scattering approach
Authors: Smilansky Uzy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of the present paper is to introduce a scattering approach to the study of the Kronig–Penney model in a quadratic channel with δ interactions, which was discussed in full generality in the first paper of the present series. In particular, a secular equation whose zeros determine the spectrum will be written in terms of the scattering matrix from a single δ. The advantages of this approach will be demonstrated in addressing the domain with total energy

E
∈

[

0
,

1

2

)

, namely, the energy interval where, for under critical interaction strength, a discrete spectrum is known to exist for the single δ case. Extending this to the study of the periodic case reveals quite surprising behavior of the Floquet spectra and the corresponding spectral bands. The computation of these bands can be carried out numerically, and the main features can be qualitatively explained in terms of a semi-classical framework which is developed for the purpose.
Factors associated with unmet need for support to maintain independence in later life: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Spiers Gemma Frances , Kunonga Tafadzwa Patience , Stow Daniel , Hall Alex , Kingston Andrew , Williams Oleta , Beyer Fiona , Bower Peter , Craig Dawn , Todd Chris , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
populations are considered to have an ‘unmet need’ when they could benefit from, but do not get, the necessary support. Policy efforts to achieve equitable access to long-term care require an understanding of patterns of unmet need. A systematic review was conducted to identify factors associated with unmet need for support to maintain independence in later life.

Methods
seven bibliographic databases and four non-bibliographic evidence sources were searched. Quantitative observational studies and qualitative systematic reviews were included if they reported factors associated with unmet need for support to maintain independence in populations aged 50+, in high-income countries. No limits to publication date were imposed. Studies were quality assessed and a narrative synthesis used, supported by forest plots to visualise data.

Findings
forty-three quantitative studies and 10 qualitative systematic reviews were included. Evidence across multiple studies suggests that being male, younger age, living alone, having lower levels of income, poor self-rated health, more functional limitations and greater severity of depression were linked to unmet need. Other factors that were reported in single studies were also identified. In the qualitative reviews, care eligibility criteria, the quality, adequacy and absence of care, and cultural and language barriers were implicated in unmet need.

Conclusions
this review identifies which groups of older people may be most at risk of not accessing the support they need to maintain independence. Ongoing monitoring of unmet need is critical to support policy efforts to achieve equal ageing and equitable access to care.
Zooming in on common immune evasion mechanisms of pathogens in phagolysosomes: potential broad-spectrum therapeutic targets against infectious diseases
Authors: Selvapandiyan Angamuthu , Puri Niti , Kumar Pankaj , Alam Anwar , Ehtesham Nasreen Zafar , Griffin George , Hasnain Seyed Ehtesham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe intracellular viral, bacterial, or parasitic pathogens evade the host immune challenges to propagate and cause fatal diseases. The microbes overpower host immunity at various levels including during entry into host cells, phagosome formation, phagosome maturation, phagosome–lysosome fusion forming phagolysosomes, acidification of phagolysosomes, and at times after escape into the cytosol. Phagolysosome is the final organelle in the phagocyte with sophisticated mechanisms to degrade the pathogens. The immune evasion strategies by the pathogens include the arrest of host cell apoptosis, decrease in reactive oxygen species, the elevation of Th2 anti-inflammatory response, avoidance of autophagy and antigen cross-presentation pathways, and escape from phagolysosomal killing. Since the phagolysosome organelle in relation to infection/cure is seldom discussed in the literature, we summarize here the common host as well as pathogen targets manipulated or utilized by the pathogens established in phagosomes and phagolysosomes, to hijack the host immune system for their benefit. These common molecules or pathways can be broad-spectrum therapeutic targets for drug development for intervention against infectious diseases caused by different intracellular pathogens.
An oral gavage of lysine elicited early satiation while gavages of lysine, leucine, or isoleucine prolonged satiety in pigs
Authors: Müller Maximiliano , Xu Chenjing , Navarro Marta , Elias-Masiques Nuria , Tilbrook Alan , van Barneveld Robert , Roura Eugeni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Excess dietary amino acids (AA) may negatively affect feed intake in pigs. Previous results showed that Lys, Leu, Ile, Phe, and Glu significantly increased gut peptide secretion (i.e., cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1). However, the link between dietary AA and gut peptide secretion with changes in feeding behavior patterns has not been demonstrated to date in pigs. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Lys, Leu, Ile, Phe, and Glu, on feed intake and meal patterns in young pigs. Twelve male pigs (Landrace × Large White, body weight = 16.10 ± 2.69 kg) were administered an oral gavage of water (control) or Lys, Leu, Ile, Phe, Glu, or glucose (positive control) at 3 mmol.kg−1 following an overnight fasting. The experiment consisted in measuring individual feed disappearance and changes in meal pattern (including latency to first meal, first meal duration, intermeal interval, second meal duration, and number of meals) based on video footage. Compared to the control group Lys significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced feed intake during the first 30 min and up to 2.5 h post-gavage, including a reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in the first meal duration. Similarly, Leu and Ile also significantly decreased feed intake up to 3 h post-gavage on a cumulative count. However, the strongest (P ≤ 0.01) impacts on feed intake by the two branched chained AA were observed after the first- or second-hour post-gavage for Leu or Ile, respectively. In addition, Leu or Ile did not affect the first meal duration (P ≥ 0.05). Leu significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01) the intermeal interval while decreasing (P ≤ 0.05) the number of meals during the initial 2 h following the gavage when compared with the control group. In contrast, the oral gavages of Phe or Glu had no significant impact (P &gt; 0.05) on the feeding behavior parameters measured relative to the control pigs. In turn, glucose had a short-lived effect on appetite by reducing (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake for 30 min after the first-hour post-gavage. In conclusion, the impact of an oral gavage of Lys on feeding behavior is compatible with a stimulation of early satiation and an increased duration of satiety. The main impact of the oral gavages of Leu and Ile was an increase in the duration of satiety. The gastrointestinal mechanisms associated with non-bound dietary AA sensing and the impact on voluntary feed intake warrant further investigations.
Importance of Housekeeping Gene Optimization for the Analysis of mRNA Expression During Wound Healing in a Third-Degree Burn Injury Model
Authors: Arai Kenichi , Okabe Motonori , Kobashi Daisuke , Ichimura Kenji , Fathy Moustafa , Oba Jiro , Furuichi Etsuko , Yoshida Satoshi , Yoshida Toshiko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wound healing evaluation methods in a third-degree burn injury model are categorized as histological (re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation) and molecular (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). In general, mRNA expression is normalized to those of the housekeeping gene. Although the housekeeping gene expression is generally stable, it has been reported that the stability of these genes depends on the wound healing process and treatment method. In this study, we identified the most stable housekeeping gene (TATA-binding protein) for studying gene expression in a third-degree burn injury model, in which wound healing was promoted by grafting human amnion-derived mesenchymal cells. We investigated the wound healing effect of human amnion-derived mesenchymal cells in the injury model. The formation of granulation tissue, the differentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and functional vascular structure were promoted in the full-thickness skin excision site by treatment with these cells. The expression of angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory related mRNA was measured and normalized to that of the housekeeping gene, showing that treatment with the cells promoted the infiltration of endothelial cells and differentiation of M1 and M2 macrophages. In conclusion, wound healing in a third-degree burn injury model can be accurately analyzed using the optimized housekeeping gene.
Asteroseismology of PG 1541 + 651 and BPM 31594 with TESS
Authors: Romero Alejandra D , da Rosa Gabriela Oliveira , Kepler S O , Bradley Paul A , Uzundag Murat , Bell Keaton J , Hermes J J , Lauffer G R 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the photometric data from TESS for two known ZZ Ceti stars, PG 1541 + 651 and BPM 31594. Before TESS, both objects only had observations from short runs from ground-based facilities, with three and one period detected, respectively. The TESS data allowed the detection of multiple periodicities, 12 for PG 1541 + 651, and six for BPM 31594, which enables us to perform a detailed asteroseismological study. For both objects, we found a representative asteroseismic model with canonical stellar mass ∼0.61M⊙ and thick hydrogen envelopes, thicker than 10−5.3M*. The detection of triplets in the Fourier transform also allowed us to estimate mean rotation periods, being ∼22 h for PG 1541 + 651 and 11.6 h for BPM 31594, which is consistent with a range of values reported for other ZZ Ceti stars.
Constrained future brightening of solar radiation and its implication for China's solar power
Authors: He Yanyi , Yang Kun , Wild Martin , Wang Kaicun , Tong Dan , Shao Changkun , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As Earth's primary energy source, surface downward solar radiation (Rs) determines the solar power potential and usage for climate change mitigation. Future projections of Rs based on climate models have large uncertainties that interfere with the efficient deployment of solar energy to achieve China's carbon-neutrality goal. Here we assess 24 models in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 with historical observations in China and find systematic biases in simulating historical Rs values likely due to model biases in cloud cover and clear-sky radiation, resulting in largely uncertain projections for future changes in Rs. Based on emergent constraints, we obtain credible Rs with narrowed uncertainties by ∼56% in the mid-twenty-first century and show that the mean Rs change during 2050–2069 relative to 1995–2014 is 30% more brightening than the raw projections. Particularly in North China and Southeast China with higher power demand, the constrained projections present more significant brightening, highlighting the importance of considering the spatial changes in future Rs when locating new solar energy infrastructures.
Light-induced alteration in pigment signature and growth in a tropical surf-zone phytoplankton assemblage (southwestern Bay of Bengal, India)
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Debasmita , Biswas Haimanti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present here the first study documenting the variability in growth and pigment signature with fluctuating light in a tropical surf-zone (coastal Bay of Bengal) phytoplankton assemblage. In response to an 8.5 times light cut-off for 3 days, 50% of the particulate organic matter (POC)-based growth rate (μPOC d−1) was maintained. Chlorophyll a (Chla) and light-harvesting pigment (LHP) contents exhibited a reverse trend without increasing POC contents, suggesting that the Chla-based growth rate can be biased under fluctuating light. Certain commonly occurring diatoms like Skeletonema, Leptocylindrus and Chaetoceros exhibited high light preference, whereas another diatom Thalassiosira proliferated at low light. Phytoplankton pigment signature was also monitored on an hourly basis over a day and the lowest LHP contents were associated with the highest photon flux densities, whereas the highest values were noticed during morning and evening hours. The ratio between photo-protective to LHP remained &lt; 0.5, indicating that LHP contents were always greater than photo-protective pigment values and the cells were not severely light stressed. Iron (Fe) supplementation did not alter POC accumulation; photo-protective to LHP ratios also indicated Fe adequacy in this coastal water and the observed variability in the pigment signature was entirely attributed to variable light.
Analysis of the UK Government’s 10-Year Drugs Strategy—a resource for practitioners and policymakers
Authors: Holland Adam , Stevens Alex , Harris Magdalena , Lewer Dan , Sumnall Harry , Stewart Daniel , Gilvarry Eilish , Wiseman Alice , Howkins Joshua , McManus Jim , Shorter Gillian W , Nicholls James , Scott Jenny , Thomas Kyla , Reid Leila , Day Edward , Horsley Jason , Measham Fiona , Rae Maggie , Fenton Kevin , Hickman Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 2021, during a drug-related death crisis in the UK, the Government published its ten-year drugs strategy. This article, written in collaboration with the Faculty of Public Health and the Association of Directors of Public Health, assesses whether this Strategy is evidence-based and consistent with international calls to promote public health approaches to drugs, which put ‘people, health and human rights at the centre’. Elements of the Strategy are welcome, including the promise of significant funding for drug treatment services, the effects of which will depend on how it is utilized by services and local commissioners and whether it is sustained. However, unevidenced and harmful measures to deter drug use by means of punishment continue to be promoted, which will have deleterious impacts on people who use drugs. An effective public health approach to drugs should tackle population-level risk factors, which may predispose to harmful patterns of drug use, including adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic deprivation, and institute evidence-based measures to mitigate drug-related harm. This would likely be more effective, and just, than the continuation of policies rooted in enforcement. A more dramatic re-orientation of UK drug policy than that offered by the Strategy is overdue.
Man versus Machine Learning: The Term Structure of Earnings Expectations and Conditional Biases
Authors: van Binsbergen Jules H , Han Xiao , Lopez-Lira Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce a real-time measure of conditional biases to firms’ earnings forecasts. The measure is defined as the difference between analysts’ expectations and a statistically optimal unbiased machine-learning benchmark. Analysts’ conditional expectations are, on average, biased upward, a bias that increases in the forecast horizon. These biases are associated with negative cross-sectional return predictability, and the short legs of many anomalies contain firms with excessively optimistic earnings forecasts. Further, managers of companies with the greatest upward-biased earnings forecasts are more likely to issue stocks. Commonly used linear earnings models do not work out-of-sample and are inferior to those analysts provide.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
SYNTHESIS OF LIF:MG,TI NANOPARTICLES BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD AND EVALUATION OF INCREASING THE 5A/5 RATIO IN ALPHA AND GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Heydari Mahmoud , Mohammadi Kheirollah , Sardari Dariush 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The peak 5 in LiF: Mg, Ti includes sub-peaks 5a and 5b, which occur at the temperatures lower and higher than that of peak 5, respectively. Peak 5a in LiF:Mg,Ti occurs due to the localized recombination of trapping/luminescence center (TC/LC), in which the electron is released from the electron trap by obtaining energy from heat and recombines through the tunneling phenomenon with a hole located in the adjacent luminescence center at a distance of 3 nm. Concerning the standard TLD tablets, which are composed of micron-sized particles, the peak 5a either does not occur or appears with very low intensity, which is insignificant in terms of dosimetry. Thus, the present study focuses on synthesizing thermoluminescent nanoparticles by co-precipitation method in several stages by citing models based on the maintenance of linear behavior of thermoluminescence nanopowders up to high doses and its relationship with localized electron–hole recombination. In addition, by changing the concentration of ingredients, altering the temperature of the reaction medium and presence or absence of surfactant, nanoparticles with suitable geometric shapes were achieved. The synthesized nanopowders were irradiated with different doses of alpha and gamma, and after analyzing the glow curves, the increase in peak 5a/5 was reported as the main factor in nanodosimetry. Based on the results, the LiF: Mg, Ti thermoluminescence nanopowders can increase the 5a/5 ratio and can be used as a convenient, inexpensive and practical tool to estimate the amount of energy deposited by the beams in nanoscale.
Mental and physical health pathways linking insomnia symptoms to cognitive performance 14 years later
Authors: Zaheed Afsara B , Chervin Ronald D , Spira Adam P , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesInsomnia may be a modifiable risk factor for later-life cognitive impairment. We investigated: (1) which insomnia symptoms are associated with subsequent cognitive functioning across domains; (2) whether insomnia–cognition associations are mediated by mental and physical health; and (3) whether these associations are modified by gender.MethodsParticipants included 2595 adults ages 51–88 at baseline (Mage=64.00 ± 6.66, 64.5% women) in the Health and Retirement Study. The frequency of insomnia symptoms (difficulty initiating sleep, night time awakenings, early awakenings, and feeling unrested upon awakening) at baseline (2002) were quantified using a modified Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire. Cognition was assessed in 2016 via the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol and operationalized with factor scores corresponding to five domains. Depressive symptoms and vascular conditions in 2014 were assessed via self-report. Structural equation models estimated total, indirect, and direct effects of insomnia symptoms on subsequent cognition through depressive symptoms and vascular diseases, controlling for baseline sociodemographic and global cognition.ResultsFrequent difficulty initiating sleep was associated with poorer episodic memory, executive function, language, visuoconstruction, and processing speed 14 years later (−0.06 ≤ β ≤ −0.04; equivalent to 2.2–3.4 years of aging). Depressive symptoms explained 12.3%–19.5% of these associations and vascular disease explained 6.3%–14.6% of non-memory associations. No other insomnia symptoms were associated with cognition, and no associations were modified by gender.ConclusionsDifficulty initiating sleep in later life may predict future cognitive impairment through multiple pathways. Future research with longitudinal assessments of insomnia, insomnia treatments, and cognition is needed to evaluate insomnia as a potential intervention target to optimize cognitive aging.
Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Professional Firefighters
Authors: McAllister Matthew J. , Gonzalez Drew E. , Leonard Megan , Martaindale M. Hunter , Bloomer Richard J. , Pence Jacquelyn , Martin Steven E. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveFirefighters are plagued with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Obesity, poor cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are risk factors for CMD. However, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance can provide further insight regarding CMD risk.MethodsThis study investigated the relationships between fitness metrics (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, percent body fat, waist circumference), blood lipids, blood pressure, and years of experience as a firefighter to blood markers of insulin resistance: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and inflammation: C-reactive protein.ResultsWaist circumference and blood concentrations of triglycerides were significantly related to AOPPs and HOMA-IR. Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to AOPPs, HOMA-IR and C-reactive protein.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the importance of high cardiorespiratory fitness and low waist circumference to reduce markers of CMD.