bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health system resilience and health workforce capacities: Comparing health system responses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in six European countries
Authors: Burau Viola , Falkenbach Michelle , Neri Stefano , Peckham Stephen , Wallenburg Iris , Kuhlmann Ellen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe health workforce is a key component of any health system and the present crisis offers a unique opportunity to better understand its specific contribution to health system resilience. The literature acknowledges the importance of the health workforce, but there is little systematic knowledge about how the health workforce matters across different countries.AimsWe aim to analyse the adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacities of the health workforce during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Europe (January‐May/June 2020), and to assess how health systems prerequisites influence these capacities.Materials and MethodsWe selected countries according to different types of health systems and pandemic burdens. The analysis is based on short, descriptive country case studies, using written secondary and primary sources and expert information.Results and DiscussionOur analysis shows that in our countries, the health workforce drew on a wide range of capacities during the first wave of the pandemic. However, health systems prerequisites seemed to have little influence on the health workforce's specific combinations of capacities.ConclusionThis calls for a reconceptualisation of the institutional perquisites of health system resilience to fully grasp the health workforce contribution. Here, strengthening governance emerges as key to effective health system responses to the COVID‐19 crisis, as it integrates health professions as frontline workers and collective actors.
Trends and attribution analysis of modelled evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Wang Shuai , Ye Chongchong , Wang Yaping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle, significantly influencing water distribution, energy cycle, and plant growth. In the context of global warming and acceleration of the water cycle, it is of great significance to analyse the trend and attribution of ET on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is most a sensitive and vulnerable area of the world. In this article, ET products, obtained from the improved Penman–Monteith–Leuning model with 1 km spatial resolution and 8 days temporal resolution, were used to investigate the trend and attribution of modelled ET and its components on the TP during the 2003–2017 period. The modelling results show the ET, soil evaporation (E), and vegetation transpiration (T) present a highly similar spatial pattern, with a distinct decreasing gradient from the humid southeastern areas to the arid northwestern areas of the plateau. In terms of its components, E (269 mm yr−1) contributes about 70% of ET (385 mm yr−1), especially in the northwestern region. Although the relationship between ET and elevation is not clear, the results showed that E increased with elevation, while T exhibited the opposite trend. At the same time, approximately 80% of the grids showed an increasing trend (increasing at a rate of 4.7 mm yr−1), mainly concentrated in the southeastern area, where the increased ET in forests and alpine meadows was the most obvious. Variations of modelled ET on the TP is distinguished into energy‐restricted and water‐restricted regions, corresponding respectively to the eastern region affected by temperature, and the western region controlled by soil moisture. The results of the present study can greatly improve our understanding of the hydrological cycle and the ability to manage water resources on the TP within the context of global climate change.
Two‐dimensional MXenes: New frontier of wearable and flexible electronics
Authors: Ahmed Abbas , Sharma Sudeep , Adak Bapan , Hossain Md Milon , LaChance Anna Marie , Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Sun Luyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWearable electronics offer incredible benefits in mobile healthcare monitoring, sensing, portable energy harvesting and storage, human‐machine interactions, etc., due to the evolution of rigid electronics structure to flexible and stretchable devices. Lately, transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are highly regarded as a group of thriving two‐dimensional nanomaterials and extraordinary building blocks for emerging flexible electronics platforms because of their excellent electrical conductivity, enriched surface functionalities, and large surface area. This article reviews the most recent developments in MXene‐enabled flexible electronics for wearable electronics. Several MXene‐enabled electronic devices designed on a nanometric scale are highlighted by drawing attention to widely developed nonstructural attributes, including 3D configured devices, textile and planer substrates, bioinspired structures, and printed materials. Furthermore, the unique progress of these nanodevices is highlighted by representative applications in healthcare, energy, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and humanoid control of machines. The emerging prospects of MXene nanomaterials as a key frontier in next‐generation wearable electronics are envisioned and the design challenges of these electronic systems are also discussed, followed by proposed solutions.image
Photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes and soil microorganisms in response to soil temperature in the greenhouse
Authors: Ouyang Zan , Tian Juncang , Yan Xinfang , Shen Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo study the effects of different soil temperatures (DST) on tomatoes and soil microorganisms (SM) in greenhouses, these effects were evaluated for 2 years by comparing designs. Three geothermal pipes were set to have water temperatures of 25°C (T1), 35°C (T2) and 45°C (T3). There was one control treatment (CK) with no heating. The results of the 2‐year greenhouse test showed that compared with the control treatment (CK): (i) the soil temperature treatment significantly affected the growth, plant height (Ph), leaf area index (LAI), assimilation rate (Ar), leaf temperature (Tleaf), chlorophyll, vitamin C (Vc), soluble sugar (SSU), lycopene, soluble solids (SSO), dry matter accumulation (Da) and soil respiration rate (SRR) (P < 0.01); (ii) in spring/summer (autumn/winter), compared with the control treatment (CK), the Ph, LAI, Ar, chlorophyll and Da in T3 increased by 3.87% (11.2%), 26.3% (26.0%), 14.8% (24.1%), 9.36% (18.7%) and 13.6% (20.2%), respectively; in spring/summer (autumn/winter), the Vc, SSU, lycopene, yield and water productivity (WP) in T3 increased by 37.8% (28.5%), 30.7% (38.1%), 84.1% (53.4%), 18.2% (18.6%) and 33.5% (32.6%), respectively. In spring/summer (autumn/winter), compared with those in the CK, the SRR, MBC and MBN in T3 increased by 14.5% (41.6%), 21.6% (28.5%) and 17.8% (13.3%), respectively; (iii) the effects of temperature on tomato growth, photosynthesis, quality, Da, yield, WP, SM, soil temperature and other main indicators were consistent such that T3 > T2 > T1 > CK, but the differences between the treatments differed for each index; (iv) considering indexes such as tomato yield and quality comprehensively, the soil temperature in spring/summer was 26.1°C and that in autumn/winter was 20.6°C. Thus, due to soil warming measures, tomato yield was significantly increased, and fruit quality and the soil microbial environment were improved.
A new era for golf course maintenance: From conventional to robotic mowers
Authors: Hansen Atle Revheim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBærheim Golfpark in Norway has changed most of its operations from conventional to automated mowing. The golf course has a fleet of 106 robots that mow most of the course and pick up golf balls at the driving range. The project has been innovative and today, we have the world's largest series‐connected robot system. Along the way, we have encountered a number of technical and practical obstacles. Today, however, we can say that we have a facility that works well. The transition from manual to automated mowing has resulted in Bærheim becoming one of the most played golf courses in Norway. Its economy has improved significantly, the feedback from the players is very good, and the employees can use their skills on tasks other than mowing grass. We have significantly reduced the use and emissions of fossil fuels for ordinary mowers. This supports the UN's Sustainability Goal Number 13: “Climate action”.
Case formulation as a bridge between theory, clinical practice, and research: A commentary
Authors: Krause Mariane , Behn Alex 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis commentary section is based on a comparative analysis of the five articles and case examples presented in this special issue. The place of Case Formulation in the field of psychotherapy is conceptualized as a necessary bridge between diagnostic systems and clinical practice. The common aspects of the five approaches included in the issue, as well as of the cases to which they were applied, are discussed to explore their possible cross‐theoretical nature, especially in psychotherapy with more severe cases. All the clients presented in this section have experienced traumas, which manifest themselves as difficulties in their interpersonal relationships. We discuss the value of Case Formulation in the context of clinical practice and research as well as the challenges of fostering the cross‐theoretical approach of this tool.
Expenditure patterns among low‐income families in China: Contributing factors to child development and risks of suicidal ideation
Authors: Xiao Yunyu , Chow Julian Chun‐Chung , Han Keqing , Wang Shencheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow‐income families in urbsan China have been benefited from the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Assistance (dibao) policy since 1999. However, little is known about how child‐specific family expenditure patterns impact child outcomes. Based on 2531 children aged 8–16 years from the National Survey of Social Policy Support System for Low‐Income Families in Urban and Rural China, this is the first study of its kind to (1) identify family expenditure patterns (food, apparel, housing, transportation, pocket money, after‐school education, and other educational resources) among low‐income families and (2) examine their relationship with child suicide risks and developmental outcomes (academic performance, mental health, and physical health) by sex and across the dibao and marginalized families (i.e., without dibao). Latent profile analysis identified two patterns. Profile 1 (97.59%) showed low expenditure on children. Profile 2 (2.41%) prioritized expenditure in after‐school programs. Mixed‐effects logistic regression showed male children from marginalized families in Profile 1 are 11 times (95% confidence interval 1.10–109.52) more likely to think about suicide than female children from dibao families in Profile 2. Social policies and interventions promoting educational expenditure support and addressing the social determinants of health have the potential to reduce child suicide and improve child developmental outcomes among the urban poor.
Rainy season precipitation forecasts in coastal Peru from the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble
Authors: Vavrus Stephen J. , Wang Fuyao , Block Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe assessed operational forecasts of rainy season (January–March [JFM]) precipitation over coastal Peru from seven global climate models (GCMs) in the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) from 1982 to 2020. Similar to previous representations by GCMs, regional climate models, and atmospheric reanalyses, the NMME models produce excessive precipitation (more than twice the observed values) over all of coastal Peru. Based on a set of commonly used metrics (correlation, mean error, RMSE, and Heidke skill score), there is a wide range in accuracy among the NMME models. As expected, forecast accuracy degrades with increasing lead time from December to July, but the rate of decline varies greatly by region and among models. The cause(s) of differences in model performance remains unclear, but resolution does not appear to be a significant factor. Highest forecast skill is found for southwestern Peru (correlations with observations are significant at all lead times), probably because of its stronger relationship between rainfall and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and lowest skill occurs for west‐central Peru (insignificant correlations at all lead times). The distribution of interannual rainy season precipitation in northwestern Peru is extremely positively skewed (skewness >2), making evaluation of forecasts difficult from only a few years that deviate strongly from the mean. Improved correlations with observations across regions are generally found by subsetting multi‐model mean forecasts using the better‐performing models. Over northwest Peru at short lead times, NMME rainy season precipitation forecasts outperform a simple statistical correlation between JFM rainfall and ENSO, but not at longer leads, while NMME's forecasts for west‐central Peru underperform statistical correlations at all lead times. Over southwest Peru, the NMME models are consistently more skilful than a statistical correlation, and these differences become larger with increasing lead time.
Studies on the effect of long‐chain and head groups of nonionic surfactants synthesized from palm and coconut oil on the formation of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Vázquez‐Vélez Edna , Martinez Horacio , Kumar Kesarla Mohan , Ochoa‐Leyva Adrián 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFour fatty amides were synthesized using coconut and palm oil sources. The chemical structure of the as‐prepared fatty acids was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy. The effect of different chain lengths and head groups of these compounds on Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis was investigated. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic studies showed characteristic absorbance peaks (λmax ≈ 410 nm). FT‐IR results indicated that the surfactant functionalities are responsible for the Ag NPs stability. The effect of fatty amides on the morphology and size distribution of the Ag NPs was investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The TEM micrographs showed the formation of fine spherical morphology due to surfactant‐mediated self‐assembly with an average particle size of 1–3 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed the micellar self‐assembly of Ag NPs‐fatty amides. The effect of surfactant on the solution behavior was analyzed using surface tension measurements. Cocamide and palm DEA showed relatively low free energy (∆Gmic) values, resulting in smaller particles with good distribution. Finally, the Ag NPs showed outstanding antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas putida bacteria.
Multi‐targeted Drug Repurposing Approach for Breast Cancer via Integrated Functional Network Analysis
Authors: Kandasamy Thirukumaran , Sen Plaboni , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on the interconnected functional network of altered metabolism and EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) signaling in breast cancer. We have interlinked the metabolic and EMT signaling circuits and selected Insulin receptor (IR), Integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), and CD36 as target proteins based on network analysis. Extensive computational approaches discerned the potential drug molecules from the library of 1293 FDA‐approved drugs to block all three target proteins. Using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and MMPBSA binding free energy studies, Capmatinib, Ponatinib, Naldemedine, and Pimozide were identified as potential repurposed drugs to block the function of all three target proteins. Among in silico selected candidate drugs, Pimozide, a known anti‐psychotic drug, was further validated using in‐vitro studies for its anti‐cell proliferative potential on breast cancer cell lines (namely, MCF7, MDAMB231 and MDAMB468). The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MCF7, MDAMB231 and MDAMB468 was found to be 16.26 μM, 20.82 μM and 13.10 μM, respectively. The effect of Pimozide on EMT‐induced MDAMB231 and MDAMB468 cells was evident from their IC50 values of 7.85 μM and 6.83 μM, respectively. The potent anti‐cancer property of Pimozide has opened up avenues for drug repurposing towards ‘multi‐targeted therapy’ in EMT dynamics.
A sharp error estimate of Euler‐Maruyama method for stochastic Volterra integral equations
Authors: Wang Can , Chen Minghua , Deng Weihua , Bu Weiping , Dai Xinjie 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the Euler‐Maruyama method is used to solve a class of nonlinear stochastic Volterra integral equations (SVIEs), which can be derived from stochastic fractional substantial integro‐differential equations (SFSIDEs). The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved for the nonlinear SVIEs under the non‐Lipschitz condition. Moreover, the sharp convergence estimate with if if andO(h) if , respectively, is established for the nonlinear SVIEs, which can be revised as supplemented theory results of our recent work (J Comput Appl Math 356 (2019) 377–390). In particular, it also closes a gap that was left on the convergence analysis in (J Comput Appl Math 317 (2017) 447–457). Finally, numerical experiments are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Chronic High Phosphate Intake in Mice Affects Macronutrient Utilization and Body Composition
Authors: Ugrica Marko , Gehring Nicole , Giesbertz Pieter , Pastor‐Arroyo Eva‐Maria , Daniel Hannelore , Wagner Carsten A. , Rubio‐Aliaga Isabel 
Published: February 2022

ScopeIn the last decades, dietary phosphate intake has increased due to a higher consumption of ultraprocessed food. This higher intake has an impact on body composition and health state. Recently, this study finds that a high chronic phosphate diet leads to no major renal alterations, but negatively affects parameters of bone health probably due to the chronic acid load. Here the effect of high phosphate consumption on parameters of energy metabolism is assessed.Methods and ResultsHealthy mature adult mice are fed for 1 year or 4 months with either a standard (0.6 % w/w) or a high phosphate (1.2 % w/w) diet. Males and females of two different genetic backgrounds are investigated. Mice feed the high phosphate diet show an attenuated body‐weight gain, lower respiratory exchange ratio, decreased body fat mass, and increased lean‐to‐fat mass ratio. Moreover, the high phosphate diet leads to fasting hypoglycemia with no differences in the glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test. Triglycerides and cholesterol in blood are similar independently of dietary phosphate content. However, 1‐methylhistidine is lower in animals feed a chronic high phosphate intake.ConclusionsHigh phosphate diet attenuates body weight gain, but induces hypoglycemia and may alter muscle homeostasis.
Effect of perfluorocarbon composition on activation of phase‐changing ultrasound contrast agents
Authors: Mitcham Trevor M. , Nevozhay Dmitry , Chen Yunyun , Nguyen Linh D. , Pinton Gianmarco F. , Lai Stephen Y. , Sokolov Konstantin V. , Bouchard Richard R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile microbubble contrast agents (MCAs) are commonly used in ultrasound (US), they are inherently limited to vascular targets due to their size. Alternatively, phase‐changing nanodroplet contrast agents (PNCAs) can be delivered as nanoscale agents (i.e., small enough to extravasate), but when exposed to a US field of sufficient mechanical index (MI), they convert to MCAs, which can be visualized with high contrast using nonlinear US.PurposeTo investigate the effect of perfluorocarbon (PFC) core composition and presence of cholesterol in particle coatings on stability and image contrast generated from acoustic activation of PNCAs using high‐frequency US suitable for clinical imaging.MethodsPNCAs with varied core compositions (i.e., mixtures of perfluoropentane [C5] and/or perfluorohexane [C6]) and two coating formulations (i.e., with and without cholesterol) were characterized and investigated for thermal/temporal stability and postactivation, nonlinear US contrast in phantom and in vivo environments. Through hydrophone measurements and nonlinear numerical modeling, MI was estimated for pulse sequences used for PNCA activation.ResultsAll PNCA compositions were characterized to have similar diameters (249–267 nm) and polydispersity (0.151–0.185) following fabrication. While PNCAs with majority C5 core composition showed higher levels of spontaneous signal (i.e., not due to US activation) in phantoms than C6‐majority PNCAs, all compositions were stable during imaging experiments. When activating PNCAs with a 12.3‐MHz US pulse (MI = 1.1), C6‐core particles with cholesterol‐free coatings (i.e., CF‐C6‐100 particles) generated a median contrast of 3.1, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than other formulations. Further, CF‐C6‐100 particles were activated in a murine model, generating US contrast 3.4.ConclusionC6‐core PNCAs can provide high‐contrast US imaging with minimal nonspecific activation in phantom and in vivo environments.
Studying the soil column formation in soft soil improved by vacuum preloading via coupled scale‐up CFD‐DEM simulations
Authors: Xu Shanlin , Zhu Yanzhen , Cao Hongtao , Sun Honglei , Cai Yuanqiang , Wu Jian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn many large‐scale land reclamation projects, vacuum preloading combined with a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) system has been utilized successfully to improve the slurry with extremely high water content. However, in the use of PVD systems for soft soil with high fine contents, a dense “soil column” forms around the drainage board, which dramatically impedes the drainage and compromises the improvement level. To understand the soil column formation mechanism, coupled computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) and scale‐up strategy were employed in this work to study microsized soil particle movements. The results showed that the soil particles driven by the fluid gradually clogged the PVD board filter and then piled up. Under vacuum preloading, seepage occurred in the soil column, causing vacuum pressure loss and reducing the drainage velocity. As the permeability of the micron‐sized soil column is exponentially related to the particle size, the drainage velocity through the soil column with high fine content was low. With the development of the soil column, the drainage velocity decreased, slowing the subsequent soil column development, and changing the packing structure of the soil column. In addition, the vacuum pressure, opening size of the drainage board filter, and cohesion among soil particles influenced the soil column formation. The effects of these aspects are discussed in this work to provide ideas for improving the drainage efficiencies of PVD systems.