bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution model transferability for a wide-ranging species, the Gray Wolf
Authors: Gantchoff M. G. , Beyer D. E. , Erb J. D. , MacFarland D. M. , Norton D. C. , Roell B. J. , Price Tack J. L. , Belant J. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing existing data can be a reliable and cost-effective way to predict species distributions, and particularly useful for recovering or expanding species. We developed a current gray wolf (Canis lupus) distribution model for the western Great Lakes region, USA, and evaluated the spatial transferability of single-state models to the region. This study is the first assessment of transferability in a wide-ranging carnivore, as well as one of few developed for large spatial extents. We collected 3500 wolf locations from winter surveys in Minnesota (2017–2019), Wisconsin (2019–2020), and Michigan (2017–2020). We included 10 variables: proportion of natural cover, pastures, and crops; distance to natural cover, agriculture, developed land, and water; major and minor road density; and snowfall (1-km res.). We created a regional ensemble distribution by weight-averaging eight models based on their performance. We also developed single-state models, and estimated spatial transferability using two approaches: state cross-validation and extrapolation. We assessed performance by quantifying correlations, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), sensitivities, and two niche similarity indices. The regional area estimated to be most suitable for wolves during winter (threshold = maximum sensitivity/specificity) was 106,465 km2 (MN = 48,083 km2, WI = 27,757 km2, MI = 30,625 km2) and correctly predicted 88% of wolf locations analyzed. Increasing natural cover and distance to crops were consistently important for determining regional and single-state wolf distribution. Extrapolation (vs. cross-validation) produced results with the greatest performance metrics, and were most similar to the regional model, yet good internal performance was unrelated to greater extrapolation performance. Factors influencing species distributions are scale-dependent and can vary across areas due to behavioral plasticity. When extending inferences beyond the current occurrence of individuals, assessing variation in ecology such as habitat selection, as well as methodological factors including model performance, will be critical to avoid poor scientific interpretations and develop effective conservation applications. In particular, accurate distribution models for recovering or recovered carnivores can be used to develop plans for habitat management, quantify potential of unoccupied habitat, assess connectivity modeling, and mitigate conflict, facilitating long-term species persistence.
Neutralization activity of sera/IgG preparations from fully BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Kappa variants
Authors: Amano Masayuki , Otsu Sachiko , Maeda Kenji , Uemura Yukari , Shimizu Yosuke , Omata Kazumi , Matsuoka Masao , Shimada Shinya , Mitsuya Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present prospective study, 225 individuals in Kumamoto General Hospital, Japan, who received two-doses of BNT162b2 vaccine were enrolled/followed up over 150 days and neutralizing activity (NT50) of their sera and antiviral activity (EC50) of IgG purified from sera on day-60 post-1st-dose were determined against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2Wuhan) (n = 211) and 9 variants (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Kappa) (n = 45). Time-dependent changes of IgG-activity (n = 25) against SARS-CoV-2Wuhan and variants were also examined. Day-60 sera showed reduced NT50 by more than 50% against all variants examined, and greatest reduction was seen with Beta. IgG fractions of high-responders and moderate-responders showed similar fold-changes in EC50 against each variant compared to SARS-CoV-2Wuhan. Evaluation of EC50 of IgG obtained at different time-points (day-28 to -150) revealed time-dependent reduction of activity against all variants. However, against Delta, relatively long-lasting favorable antiviral activity (at least 150 days) was observed. Our data strongly suggest that the successful antecedent scale-up of mRNA-based vaccine administrations in Japan was the primary contributor to the lessening of the otherwise more devastating SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave caused by the Delta variant. The present data that the effectiveness of vaccine against the then-dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant was likely associated with the moderation of the COVID-19 pandemic wave suggest that as in the case of influenza vaccines, the development of multivalent mRNA-based vaccines represent a generalizable approach to pre-emptively respond pandemic with mutable pathogens.
Alterations to the broad-spectrum formin inhibitor SMIFH2 modulate potency but not specificity
Authors: Orman Marina , Landis Maya , Oza Aisha , Nambiar Deepika , Gjeci Joana , Song Kristen , Huang Vivian , Klestzick Amanda , Hachicho Carla , Liu Su Qing , Kamm Judith M. , Bartolini Francesca , Vadakkan Jean J. , Rojas Christian M. , Vizcarra Christina L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSMIFH2 is a small molecule inhibitor of the formin family of cytoskeletal regulators that was originally identified in a screen for suppression of actin polymerization induced by the mouse formin Diaphanous 1 (mDia1). Despite widespread use of this compound, it is unknown whether SMIFH2 inhibits all human formins. Additionally, the nature of protein/inhibitor interactions remains elusive. We assayed SMIFH2 against human formins representing six of the seven mammalian classes and found inhibitory activity against all formins tested. We synthesized a panel of SMIFH2 derivatives and found that, while many alterations disrupt SMIFH2 activity, substitution of an electron-donating methoxy group in place of the bromine along with halogenation of the furan ring increases potency by approximately five-fold. Similar to SMIFH2, the active derivatives are also pan-inhibitors for the formins tested. This result suggests that while potency can be improved, the goal of distinguishing between highly conserved FH2 domains may not be achievable using the SMIFH2 scaffold.
Enhancing thermocouple’s efficiency using an electrostatic voltage
Authors: Zhang Tinggang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn electrostatic voltage is formed in the proposed thermocouple by the induced electrostatic potentials at the metallurgical junctions created by the n- and the p-type legs and their semiconductor emitters that are embedded on their exterior surfaces. The usable range of the electrostatic voltage was defined and used to enhance the output power and the efficiency of the thermocouple. An analytical formulation for and the numerical simulation of the thermocouple showed that the electrostatic voltage, as an addition to the Seebeck voltage, could enhance the output power and the efficiency up to four times those of the original thermocouple design with the same leg doping densities. Furthermore, the numerical simulation showed that for a given n- and a given p-type leg doping densities, an optimal combination of the emitter doping densities could always be found so that the output power and the efficiency of the thermocouple could be enhanced up to four times those of the thermocouple without the emitters.
Exploring the medicinally important secondary metabolites landscape through the lens of transcriptome data in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)
Authors: Naika Mahantesha B. N. , Sathyanarayanan Nitish , Sajeevan Radha Sivarajan , Bhattacharyya Teerna , Ghosh Pritha , Iyer Meenakshi S. , Jarjapu Mahita , Joshi Adwait G. , Harini K. , Shafi K. Mohamed , Kalmankar Neha , Karpe Snehal D. , Mam Bhavika , Pasha Shaik Naseer , Sowdhamini Ramanathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a self-pollinated leguminous crop belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is a multipurpose crop used as herb, spice, vegetable and forage. It is a traditional medicinal plant in India attributed with several nutritional and medicinal properties including antidiabetic and anticancer. We have performed a combined transcriptome assembly from RNA sequencing data derived from leaf, stem and root tissues. Around 209,831 transcripts were deciphered from the assembly of 92% completeness and an N50 of 1382 bases. Whilst secondary metabolites of medicinal value, such as trigonelline, diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine and quercetin, are distributed in several tissues, we report transcripts that bear sequence signatures of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of such metabolites and are highly expressed in leaves, stem and roots. One of the antidiabetic alkaloid, trigonelline and its biosynthesising enzyme, is highly abundant in leaves. These findings are of value to nutritional and the pharmaceutical industry.
ID1 marks the tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse and human
Authors: Tang Yuanxin , Zhang Sheng , Li Jiazi , Wu Chunli , Fan Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that has an increasing death rate but no effective treatment to now. Although biological and immunological hallmarks of PDAC have been frequently reported recently, early detection and the particularly aggressive biological features are the major challenges remaining unclear. In the current study, we retrieved multiple scRNA-seq datasets and illustrated the genetic programs of PDAC development in genetically modified mouse models. Notably, the transcription levels of Id1 were elevated specifically along with the PDAC development. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that Id1 was closely correlated with the malignancy of PDAC. The gene expression patterns of human PDAC cells were determined by the comparative analysis of the scRNA-seq data on human PDAC and normal pancreas tissues. ID1 levels in human PDAC cancer cells were dramatically increased compared to normal epithelial cells. ID1 deficiency in vitro significantly blunt the invasive tumor-formation related phenotypes. IPA analysis on the differentially expressed genes suggested that EIF2 signaling was the core pathway regulating the development of PDAC. Blocking EFI2 signaling remarkably decreased the expression of ID1 and attenuated the tumor-formation related phenotypes. These observations confirmed that ID1 was regulated by EIF2 signaling and was the critical determinator of PDAC development and progression. This study suggests that ID1 is a potential malignant biomarker of PDAC in both mouse models and human and detecting and targeting ID1 may be a promising strategy to treat or even rescue PDAC.
Self-potential time series reveal emergent behavior in soil organic matter dynamics
Authors: Doro Kennedy O. , Stoikopoulos Nathan P. , Bank Carl-Georg , Ferris F. Grant 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe active cycling of carbon between soil organic matter and the atmosphere is of critical importance to global climate change. An extensive body of research exists documenting the capricious nature of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, which is symptomatic of an intricate network of interactions between diverse groups of heterotrophic microorganisms, complex organic substrates, and highly variable local environmental conditions. These attributes are consistent with elements of complex system theory and the temporal evolution of otherwise unpredictable patterns of behavior that emerge from long range dependency on initial conditions. Here we show that vertical depth profile of self-potential (SP) time series measurements responds in a quantitative manner to variations in soil moisture, SOM concentrations, and relative rates of microbial activity. Application of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of self potential time series data is shown additionally to reveal the presence of long-range dependence and emergence of anomalous electrochemical diffusion behavior, both of which diminish with depth as SOM specific energy densities decline.
Chromatin compaction precedes apoptosis in developing neurons
Authors: Rose Renata , Peschke Nicolas , Nigi Elena , Gelléri Márton , Ritz Sandra , Cremer Christoph , Luhmann Heiko J. , Sinning Anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile major changes in cellular morphology during apoptosis have been well described, the subcellular changes in nuclear architecture involved in this process remain poorly understood. Imaging of nucleosomes in cortical neurons in vitro before and during apoptosis revealed that chromatin compaction precedes the activation of caspase-3 and nucleus shrinkage. While this early chromatin compaction remained unaffected by pharmacological blockade of the final execution of apoptosis through caspase-3 inhibition, interfering with the chromatin dynamics by modulation of actomyosin activity prevented apoptosis, but resulted in necrotic-like cell death instead. With super-resolution imaging at different phases of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that chromatin compaction occurs progressively and can be classified into five stages. In conclusion, we show that compaction of chromatin in the neuronal nucleus precedes apoptosis execution. These early changes in chromatin structure critically affect apoptotic cell death and are not part of the final execution of the apoptotic process in developing cortical neurons.
Multiparametric quantitative phase imaging for real-time, single cell, drug screening in breast cancer
Authors: Polanco Edward R. , Moustafa Tarek E. , Butterfield Andrew , Scherer Sandra D. , Cortes-Sanchez Emilio , Bodily Tyler , Spike Benjamin T. , Welm Bryan E. , Bernard Philip S. , Zangle Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantitative phase imaging (QPI) measures the growth rate of individual cells by quantifying changes in mass versus time. Here, we use the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, BT-474, and MDA-MB-231 to validate QPI as a multiparametric approach for determining response to single-agent therapies. Our method allows for rapid determination of drug sensitivity, cytotoxicity, heterogeneity, and time of response for up to 100,000 individual cells or small clusters in a single experiment. We find that QPI EC50 values are concordant with CellTiter-Glo (CTG), a gold standard metabolic endpoint assay. In addition, we apply multiparametric QPI to characterize cytostatic/cytotoxic and rapid/slow responses and track the emergence of resistant subpopulations. Thus, QPI reveals dynamic changes in response heterogeneity in addition to average population responses, a key advantage over endpoint viability or metabolic assays. Overall, multiparametric QPI reveals a rich picture of cell growth by capturing the dynamics of single-cell responses to candidate therapies.
In silico reaction screening with difluorocarbene for N-difluoroalkylative dearomatization of pyridines
Authors: Hayashi Hiroki , Katsuyama Hitomi , Takano Hideaki , Harabuchi Yu , Maeda Satoshi , Mita Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations are mainly regarded as a method for mechanistic studies in organic chemistry, whereas their use for the simulation of unknown reactions could greatly assist in reaction development. Here we report a strategy for developing multicomponent reactions on the basis of the results of computational reaction simulations. In silico screening of multicomponent reactions with difluorocarbene using the artificial force induced reaction method suggested that cycloadditions between an azomethine ylide and a variety of coupling partners would proceed to generate the corresponding α,α-difluorinated N-heterocyclic compounds. The predicted reaction was successfully realized experimentally, leading to a multicomponent N-difluoroalkylative dearomatization of pyridines involving a pyridinium ylide-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with a diverse range of electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, imines, alkenes and alkynes. Moreover, the performance of the cycloaddition could be explained by comparing the energy barrier of the desired pathway with that of the competitive undesired pathway, which was also identified by the artificial force induced reaction search.
Modelling of a shape memory alloy actuator for feedforward hysteresis compensator considering load fluctuation
Authors: Saito Seiji , Oka Shouta , Onodera Ribun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a hysteresis mathematical model of a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator for feedforward hysteresis compensator. The hysteresis model represents the relation between temperature, stress, and electric resistance. Firstly, based on the laws of thermodynamics, the hysteresis model of the SMA actuator is built. Secondly, the inverse of the hysteresis model is obtained to produce a compensator for non‐linear characteristics such as hysteresis and saturation. Thirdly, the parameters of the hysteresis model are obtained from each experiment under constant load and constant temperature, and the model validity is confirmed by comparing experimentally obtained results. Finally, the inverse model is applied to a part of feedforward hysteresis compensator. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model as hysteresis compensator, an electrical resistance control using feedback–feedforward control was conducted by numerical simulation. The simulation results indicate advantages of the proposed mathematical model in hysteresis compensation of SMA actuator, and demonstrate that the model is capable of handling load fluctuation.
Diagnose Alzheimer's disease by combining 3D discrete wavelet transform and 3D moment invariants
Authors: Lao Huan , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is called mild cognitive impairment (MCI). According to the final progression of the disease, it can be divided into progressive MCI (pMCI) and stable MCI (sMCI). Clinical treatment shows that early treatment of MCI stage can effectively delay the progression of the disease and even complete recovery. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of AD and its early stage play an important guiding role in the treatment and delay of AD progression. Previous studies have shown that the data of different modalities of AD can reflect different pathological changes. Therefore, the accuracy of combining multi‐modality data to classify AD is better than that of using single‐modality to classify AD. Based on this, an AD diagnosis method is proposed based on 3D discrete wavelet transform (3D‐DWT) and 3D moment invariants (3D‐MIs) features from multi‐modalities images. First, automatic anatomical landmark (AAL) atlas is used to identify the brain regions of interest (ROIs) from magnetic resonance image (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Next, for each ROI, the 3D‐DWT and 3D‐MIs extract methods are used to extract features. Finally, a deep neural network with stacked autoencoders (SAE) is trained to detect AD. The experimental results show that, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art AD/MCI classification algorithms based on multi‐modality features, this method can significantly improve the classification performance of pMCI and sMCI classification tasks, which has an important guiding role in the early diagnosis of AD.
Akute Herzinsuffizienz und kardiogener Schock – Bedeutung der
ECLS
Authors: Schlegel Philipp , Biener Moritz , Raake Philip 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer kardiogene Schock (CS) stellt den schwersten Verlauf einer akuten
Herzinsuffizienz (AHF) mit exzessiven Letalitätsraten von bis zu 50% dar. Bei
refraktärem Verlauf bieten temporäre mechanische Kreislaufunterstützungssysteme
eine wertvolle Therapieoption. Insbesondere die ECLS-Therapie (extracorporeal
life support) wird dem klinischen Bedarf entsprechend, trotz bislang fehlender
Evidenz aus randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien, zunehmend häufiger bei CS
eingesetzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund muss die ECLS-Indikation weiterhin unter
kritischer Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung und unter Berücksichtigung objektiver
hämodynamischer sowie patientenbezogener klinischer Parameter gestellt werden.
Aktuelle Leitlinien empfehlen ferner die Etablierung von CS-Zentren mit
strukturierten Therapiekonzepten und eingespielten Teams. In diesem Artikel
werden grundlegende pathophysiologische Konzepte und Therapieansätze der AHF und
des CS beleuchtet und der Stellenwert der ECLS in diesem Setting
eingeordnet.
Erhalt der Selbstständigkeit bei Herzinsuffizienz: Ansatzpunkte und Konsequenzen für den Alltag
Authors: von Haehling Stephan 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungErhalt von Mobilität und sozialer Interaktion hat für Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz enorme Alltagsbedeutung, die in vielen bisher durchgeführten Therapiestudien nicht in ausreichendem Maße
abgebildet wurde. Ivabradin, die SGLT2-Inhibitoren Empagliflozin und Dapagliflozin sowie der ARNI Sacubitril/Valsartan bieten hier erste Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme. Auch
Ausdauertraining ist sehr zu empfehlen. Die Therapie von Komorbiditäten bei Herzinsuffizienz zeigt vor allem bei der Therapie des Eisenmangels gute Möglichkeiten der Besserung der
Belastbarkeit, außerdem durch die Pulmonalvenenisolation bei Vorhofflimmern. Andere Aspekte, welche die Mobilität der Patienten verbessern, sind das Ermöglichen von selbstständigem Führen
von Fahrzeugen, von Sport und Hobbys, Berufstätigkeit und Sexualität sowie das Ermöglichen von Reiseaktivitäten, wenn die Patienten entsprechend vorbereitet sind, über ausreichend
Informationen für die Reiseaktivität verfügen und das Reiseziel entsprechend ausgewählt wurde. Wichtig ist, die Bedürfnisse des Patienten zu erfragen, um individualisierte Therapiekonzepte
zu erarbeiten.
A Three-Component Approach to (Hetero)arenes with Two N-Containing Heterocycle Motifs
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Yang , Ge Xizhen , Wang Zhen , Yu Xinhong , Qiu Hong , Wang Liqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA one-pot, three-component reaction involving SNAr-decarboxylative redox isomerization starting from an electron-withdrawing group bearing fluorobenzaldehyde or fluorothiophenecarbaldehyde (electron-pair diacceptor), secondary amine, and trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline or indoline-2-carboxylic acid (electron-pair donor) has been developed to give N-[(pyrrolylmethyl)-substituted (het)aryl]- and N-[(indolyl­methyl)-substituted (het)aryl]pyrrolidines, -piperidines, -morpholines, and -azocanes. The highlights of this protocol are its great convenience in the simultaneous construction of a C(sp2)–N bond and a C(sp3)–N bond with simple operation; the reaction can be performed on a gram scale. This efficient one-pot multicomponent reaction has potential as a novel method for drug synthesis, especially involving polycyclic compounds.
Synthesis of 2-C-Substituted 5-Deoxyglucals from d-Ribose: ­Access to 2-C-Substituted 5-Deoxyglycosides and -Nucleosides
Authors: Cossy Janine , Polak Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of 2-C-substituted 5-deoxyglucals from d-ribose, by using a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-iodo-5-deoxyglucals with Grignard reagents, is reported. The obtained 2-C-substituted 5-deoxyglucals were then transformed into 2-C-substituted 5-deoxyglycosides and 2-C-substituted 5-deoxynucleosides. During this work, structures published in the literature were reassigned.