bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite markers as a tool for active germplasm management and bridging the gap between national and local collections of apple
Authors: Venison Edward P. , Litthauer Suzanne , Laws Peter , Denancé Caroline , Fernández-Fernández Felicidad , Durel Charles-Eric , Ordidge Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite markers have been extensively used to identify duplication and analyse genetic diversity in germplasm collections of apple. Here, we present findings from the use of a standard set of SSR loci in the managed repropagation of a significant international germplasm collection: the UK National Fruit Collection (NFC). A subset of eight SSR loci was deemed sufficient to distinguish all apart from the clonal relatives across a sample of 1995 accessions, with a single exception being one pair of full siblings. In total, 99% of accessions were able to be confirmed present and correct after the replacement of trees initially identified to be incorrectly propagated. In parallel to the curation of the collection itself, through an initiative led by the UK local apple enthusiast community, 3373 SSR profiles for apples held in local collections were compared to the NFC holdings. Overall, in both sets of material, diversity remained high with average gene diversity values of 0.800 and 0.812 in the NFC holdings and local collections, respectively. Accessions in local collections were not found to differ in their overall coverage of genetic diversity to that of the NFC collection (FST = 0.0035) although significant numbers of locally valued, and genetically distinguishable individuals were identified, some of which may represent ‘lost’ cultivars.
Effect of a DACC-coated dressing on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in wound healing using an in vitro scratch model
Authors: Morgner Bianka , Husmark Johanna , Arvidsson Anna , Wiegand Cornelia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWound dressings that exert an antimicrobial effect in order to prevent and treat wound infections can be harmful to the wound healing process. Dressings with hydrophobic coatings, however, have been suggested to both reduce the microbial load and promote the healing process. Therefore, the potential effects of a dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated dressing on fibroblasts and keratinocytes in wound healing were studied using mechanical scratch wounding of confluent cell layers as an in vitro model. Additionally, gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR was used to elucidate the longitudinal effects of the DACC-coated dressing on cell responses, specifically inflammation, growth factor induction and collagen synthesis. DACC promoted cell viability, did not stick to the cell layers, and supported normal wound healing progression in vitro. In contrast, cells became attached to the uncoated reference material, which inhibited scratch closure. Moreover, DACC slightly induced KGF, VEGF, and GM-CSF expression in HaCaT cells and NHDF. Physiological COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expression by NHDF was observed under DACC treatment with no observable effect on S100A7 and RNASE7 levels in HaCaT cells. Overall, the DACC coating was found to be safe and may positively influence the wound healing outcome.
Offline and Online Gambling in a Swiss Emerging-Adult Male Population
Authors: Tomei Alexander , Petrovic Gordana , Simon Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFaced with the rapid expansion of the online gambling offer, a growing number of jurisdictions around the world are developing legislation to regulate online gambling. The new Swiss Act on gambling extends legalization of online gambling from already authorized lottery-type to casino-type gambling. In this context, the present study examines offline and online gambling behaviors in emerging-adult males as a particularly at-risk population for gambling addiction. A sample of 1,869 young males completed a questionnaire assessing offline and online gambling behaviors as well as severity of problem gambling. Results show that 62.1% of the respondents were lifetime gamblers while 46.7% were past-year gamblers. Among the latter, 76.4% had gambled only within offline venues, 21.4% had gambled at both offline and online sites, and 2.2% had gambled online only. Furthermore, 17.6% of past-year gamblers were at moderate-risk of developing problem gambling whilst 3.6% were problem gamblers. Association analysis showed that, compared to non-problem gamblers, at-risk and problem gamblers played online at higher rates. These findings contribute to the growing literature on youth gambling behaviors and on offline-online transitions. In the context of the growing online gambling supply, the evolution of youth gambling behaviors should be monitored through periodical assessments.
One hundred years of rent control in Argentina: much ado about nothing
Authors: Jacobo Alejandro D. , Kholodilin Konstantin A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFollowing World War I, rent control became a standard policy response to the housing shortage and the resulting rent increases. Typically, economists blame it for creating inefficiencies in the housing market and beyond. We investigate whether rental market regulations (including rent control, protection of tenants from eviction, and housing rationing) had any effects in a middle-income Latin American economy, such as Argentina. To answer this question, we take advantage of a wide range of housing market indicators and restrictive rental regulation indices covering almost one century. Using a standard OLS model and MARS, a nonlinear estimation technique, we find that rental market regulations have exerted a statistically significant negative impact on the growth rates of the real housing rents. However, they were only effective for short periods following both World Wars, when regulations were novel and particularly strong.
Expectations of Mental Illness Disclosure Outcomes in the Work Context: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Dutch Workers
Authors: van Beukering I. E. , Bakker M. , Corrigan P. W. , Gürbüz S. , Bogaers R. I. , Janssens K. M. E. , Joosen M. C. W. , Brouwers E. P. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose The decision whether to disclose mental illness at work can have important positive and negative consequences for sustainable employment and well-being. The aim of the study is (1) to examine workers’ expectations of outcomes of mental illness disclosure in the workplace and to evaluate their expectations regarding which factors are of influence on these outcomes, (2) to identify distinct subgroups of workers, and (3) to characterize these subgroups in terms of personal, sociodemographic, and work-related characteristics. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study, a sample of 1224 Dutch workers was used. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes of workers based on expected workplace mental illness outcomes. A three-step approach LCA was chosen to investigate whether the classes differed in characteristics. Results The majority of workers expected predominantly positive outcomes of workplace mental illness disclosure (e.g., being able to be one’s authentic self; 82.4%), even though they simultaneously expected disclosure to lead to advancement-related discrimination (e.g., lower chances of contract renewal; or getting a promotion; 68.4% and 57%, respectively). Six distinct subgroups of workers were identified based on expected workplace mental illness disclosure outcomes: two positive classes (50.1%), two negative classes (33.3%), and two classes who indicated not to know what the outcomes would be (16.7%). Significant differences between the classes were found on personal experience, work-related association with mental illness, gender, educational level, and workplace atmosphere. Conclusion The disclosure process is complex, as most workers were optimistic (i.e., expected generally positive outcomes) whilst simultaneously expecting workplace discrimination. Subgroup differences in expectations regarding workplace mental illness disclosure outcomes were found.
An Augmented Lagrangian Method Exploiting an Active-Set Strategy and Second-Order Information
Authors: Cristofari Andrea , Di Pillo Gianni , Liuzzi Giampaolo , Lucidi Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider nonlinear optimization problems with nonlinear equality constraints and bound constraints on the variables. For the solution of such problems, many augmented Lagrangian methods have been defined in the literature. Here, we propose to modify one of these algorithms, namely ALGENCAN by Andreani et al., in such a way to incorporate second-order information into the augmented Lagrangian framework, using an active-set strategy. We show that the overall algorithm has the same convergence properties as ALGENCAN and an asymptotic quadratic convergence rate under suitable assumptions. The numerical results confirm that the proposed algorithm is a viable alternative to ALGENCAN with greater robustness.
Lagrange Multipliers, Duality, and Sensitivity in Set-Valued Convex Programming via Pointed Processes
Authors: García-Castaño Fernando , Melguizo-Padial Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a new kind of Lagrangian duality theory for set-valued convex optimization problems whose objective and constraint maps are defined between preordered normed spaces. The theory is accomplished by introducing a new set-valued Lagrange multiplier theorem and a dual program with variables that are pointed closed convex processes. The pointed nature assumed for the processes is essential for the derivation of the main results presented in this research. We also develop a strong duality theorem that guarantees the existence of dual solutions, which are closely related to the sensitivity of the primal program. It allows extending the common methods used in the study of scalar programs to the set-valued vector case.
Comparison of Sinus Deposition from an Aqueous Nasal Spray and Pressurised MDI in a Post-Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Nasal Replica
Authors: Siu Joey , van Strien James , Campbell Rosa , Roberts Paul , Tingle Malcolm Drummond , Inthavong Kiao , Douglas Richard George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Optimising intranasal distribution and retention of topical therapy is essential for effectively managing patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, including those that have had functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study presents a new technique for quantifying in vitro experiments of fluticasone propionate deposition within the sinuses of a 3D-printed model from a post-FESS patient.

Methods
Circular filter papers were placed on the sinus surfaces of the model. Deposition of fluticasone on the filter paper was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay-based techniques. The deposition patterns of two nasal drug delivery devices, an aqueous nasal spray (Flixonase) and metered dose inhaler (Flixotide), were compared. The effects of airflow (0 L/min vs. 12 L/min) and administration angle (30° vs. and 45°) were evaluated.

Results
Inhaled airflow made little difference to sinus deposition for either device. A 45° administration angle improved frontal sinus deposition with the nasal spray and both ethmoidal and sphenoidal deposition with the inhaler. The inhaler provided significantly better deposition within the ethmoid sinuses (8.5x) and within the maxillary sinuses (3.9x) compared with the nasal spray under the same conditions.

Conclusion
In the post-FESS model analysed, the inhaler produced better sinus deposition overall compared with the nasal spray. The techniques described can be used and adapted for in vitro performance testing of different drug formulations and intranasal devices under different experimental conditions. They can also help validate computational fluid dynamics modelling and in vivo studies.
When do firms use one set of books in an international tax compliance game?
Authors: Reineke Rebecca , Weiskirchner-Merten Katrin , Wielenberg Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines how a strategic tax auditor affects a multinational firm’s transfer pricing in a tax compliance game. Our model uses a divisionalized firm, in both a low-tax and a high-tax country, that decides to implement a transfer-pricing regime with either one or two sets of books. After observing its unit costs, the firm reports a compliant or noncompliant tax transfer price. In a regime with one set of books, the single transfer price coordinates the quantity decision and determines the tax payments. In a regime with two sets, different transfer prices serve those tasks. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis incorporates a strategic tax auditor, who observes the tax transfer price and decides whether to audit the firm. Real-world regulations suggest larger penalties for detected noncompliance under a two-sets-of-books transfer-pricing regime. Our analysis identifies the mixed strategy equilibria and examines how variations in the tax regulation—the tax rate difference and the penalty difference—affect the firm’s tax aggressiveness. We show that a firm acts less tax aggressively with a higher tax rate difference. Additionally, the model predicts that the firm either increases or decreases the probability of keeping one set of books for a smaller penalty difference.
The Impact of Collaboration Between Science and Religious Education Teachers on Their Understanding and Views of Argumentation
Authors: Chan Jessica , Erduran Sibel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeachers’ understanding and teaching of argumentation is gaining more attention in science education research. However, little is known about how science teachers engage in argumentation with teachers of different subject taking an interdisciplinary perspective that may inspire new pedagogical ideas or strategies. In particular, the positioning of argumentation at the juncture of science and religion is rare. This paper reports an empirical study involving science and religious education (RE) teachers who collaborated on teaching argumentation in three secondary schools in England. Their interdisciplinary collaboration was sustained by a series of professional development sessions over 18 months. Analysis of the interview data unfolds how the teachers’ collaboration impacted their understanding of argumentation and views of teaching their subject. Through working relationally in exploring and teaching argumentation, the science teachers reflected more notable changes than their RE counterparts. Science teachers came to appreciate student voice in the learning process and the role of argumentation in fostering students’ scientific reasoning. The paper is a salient step to researching argumentation in a cross-curricular terrain, particularly in relation to RE. It also sheds light on how collaborating with teachers of another subject bolstered science teachers’ professional development and broke subject barriers.
A feedback model applied in a ubiquitous microlearning environment using SECA rules
Authors: Tabares Marta S. , Vallejo Paola , Montoya Alex , Correa Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding learners’ behavior is the key to the success of any learning process. The more we know about them, the more likely we can personalize learning experiences and provide successful feedback. This paper presents a feedback model implemented in a ubiquitous microlearning environment based on contextual and behavioral information and evaluation results. The model uses SECA rules where the Scenario (S) represents the ubiquitous context variables reflecting the learner behavior during the learning process. The Event (E) identifies the probability that a learner fails or passes its evaluation. Condition (C) evaluates the results of the events. Moreover, Action (A) provides feedback to the learner. The proposal is developed through a controlled experiment whereby a microlearning environment can collect data from a ubiquitous context. The feedback model applies an analytics process to find the best context and behavior variables through different classification models. Those models predict whether a learner could fail, determine evaluation results’ causes, and provide feedback. The Random Forest was the model with the best performance. Thus, 94% accuracy, a 97% Recall, a 93% Precision, an F1 score of 95%, and a Jaccard of 91%. Hence, each scenario is defined from a branch of every tree obtained from the Random Forest model personalizing feedback actions applying clustering techniques. Finally, we presented an exemplified set of feedback rules, providing automatic recommendations and improving learner experiences. Thus, the experiment allows analyzing the learner behavior in a ubiquitous microlearning context from a feedback perspective.
$$\mathtt {Tenscalc}$$: a toolbox to generate fast code to solve nonlinear constrained minimizations and compute Nash equilibria
Authors: Hespanha João P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe the toolbox $$\mathtt {Tenscalc}$$
Tenscalc
that generates specialized C-code to solve nonlinear constrained optimizations and to compute Nash equilibria. $$\mathtt {Tenscalc}$$
Tenscalc
is aimed at scenarios where one needs to solve very fast a large number of optimizations that are structurally similar. This is common in applications where the optimizations depend on measured data and one wants to compute optima for large or evolving datasets, e.g., in robust estimation and classification, maximum likelihood estimation, model predictive control (MPC), moving horizon estimation (MHE), and combined MPC-MHE (which requires the computation of a saddle-point equilibria). $$\mathtt {Tenscalc}$$
Tenscalc
is mostly aimed at generating solvers for optimizations with up to a few thousands of optimization variables/constraints and solve times up to a few milliseconds. The speed achieved by the solver arises from a combination of features: reuse of intermediate computations across and within iterations of the solver, detection and exploitation of matrix sparsity, avoidance of run-time memory allocation and garbage collection, and reliance on flat code that improves the efficiency of the microprocessor pipelining and caching. All these features have been automated and embedded into the code generation process. We include a few representative examples to illustrate how the speed and memory footprint of the solver scale with the size of the problem.
Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Woodhill Jim , Kishore Avinash , Njuki Jemimah , Jones Kristal , Hasnain Saher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe future wellbeing of billions of rural people is interconnected with transforming food systems for equity, nutrition, environmental sustainability, and resilience. This article tackles three blind spots in the understanding of rural poverty and vulnerability: the narrow focus on extreme poverty and hunger that hides a much wider set of inequalities and vulnerabilities, insufficient recognition of the diversity of rural households, and an inadequate appreciation of the impact of rapid structural changes in markets, the physical environment, and the political economic context. A better understanding of these areas is necessary for imagining a new policy landscape that can align progress on rural poverty alleviation with a wider transformation of food systems. The article provides a framework for assessing the dynamics of rural wellbeing and food systems change. It looks at the viability of small-scale farming and the diversification of livelihood options needed to overcome rural poverty and inequality. The analysis suggests that the future prosperity of rural areas will depend on policy reforms to address market failures in the food system, which currently work against equity, good nutrition and sustainability. Investments will also be needed to enable rural economies to capture greater value from the food system, particularly in the midstream of food distribution, processing and services. The likely future scale and nature of rural poverty and inequality is such that improved social protection and humanitarian relief schemes that support those in crisis or being left behind will still be essential.
Creatine kinase-(MB) and hepcidin as candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a proof-of-concept study in Lambaréné, Gabon
Authors: Essone Paulin N. , Adegbite Bayode R. , Mbadinga Marien J. M. , Mbouna Armel V. , Lotola-Mougeni Fabrice , Alabi Ayodele , Edoa Jean R. , Lell Bertrand , Alabi Abraham S. , Adegnika Ayola A. , Ramharter Michael , Siawaya Joel F. D. , Grobusch Martin P. , Kremsner Peter G. , Agnandji Selidji T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), hepcidin (HEPC), phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLa2G2A), and myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC1) for tuberculosis (TB). These four biomarkers are differentially regulated between quiescent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected individuals (non-progressors to TB disease) and Mtb-infected TB disease progressors 6 months before the onset of symptoms.

Methods
We enrolled samples from patients experiencing moderate-to-severe pulmonary infections diseases including 23 TB cases confirmed by smear microscopy and culture, and 34 TB-negative cases. For each participant, the serum levels of the four biomarkers were measured using ELISA.

Results
The levels of CK-MB and HEPC were significantly reduced in patients with active TB disease. CK-MB median level was 2045 pg/ml (1455–4000 pg/ml) in active TB cases and 3245 pg/ml (1645–4000 pg/ml) in non-TB pulmonary diseases. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, HEPC and CK-MB had the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 79% (95% CI 67–91%) and 81% (95% CI 69–93%), respectively. Both markers correlated with TB diagnosis as a single marker. PLa2G2A and MYBPC1 with AUCs of 48% (95% CI 36–65%) and 62% (95% CI 48–76%) did not performed well as single biomarkers. The three markers’model (CK-MB-HEPC-PLa2G2A) had the highest diagnostic accuracy at 82% (95% CI 56–82%) after cross-validation.

Conclusion
CK-MB and HEPC levels were statistically different between confirmed TB cases and non-TB cases. This study yields promising results for the rapid diagnosis of TB disease using a single marker or three biomarkers model.
Orbital Muscle Enlargement: What if It’s Not Graves’ Disease?
Authors: Lakerveld Mieke , van der Gijp Anouk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide the radiologist with tools to recognize findings atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy and differentiate between the most important and common alternative causes of extraocular muscle enlargement on CT and MR imaging.

Recent findings
We introduce five ‘red flags’ representing features that are atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: unilateral disease, atypical pattern of muscle involvement, adjacent structure involvement, restricted diffusion, and absence of pain.

Summary
About 95% of the cases with extraocular enlargement are due to Graves’ ophthalmopathy, other causes are less well known and recognized. The ‘red flags’ may aid in recognizing and suggesting alternative diagnoses.