bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUĞLA YERKESİK YÖRESİNDE DOĞUMLA İLGİLİ İNANÇ VE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: BOZDAĞ Tansu , GÖDE Halil 
Published: June 2022

İnsan hayatında yaşanan bazı temel evreler vardır. Bu evreler, insanı bir evreden başka bir evreye geçirir, kısmen de insanın hayatını değiştirir. Bu evreler; doğumla başlar, evlenme vs. ile devam eder ve ölümle de son bulur. Bu evrelere "geçiş dönemleri" adı verilmektedir.
İnsanoğlu, geçirmiş olduğu bu yeni evrelerde, ruhen kendini rahatlatmak adına birtakım uygulamalarda bulunur. Bir şeylere inanmak, daha doğrusu inanma ihtiyacı, insanın doğasında hep var olmuştur ve olacaktır. Bunun sonucunda atadan toruna uygulanagelen âdetlerimiz, gelenek ve göreneklerimiz oluşmuştur. Aslında bugün gerçekleştirilen hemen hemen tüm uygulamalar; atalarımızdan, ninelerimizden, eski Türklerden gelen bir izdir. Bazıları aynı şekilde devam etmekte bazıları ise günümüz şartlarının etkisiyle birtakım değişikliklere uğrayarak yeni bir uygulama hâlini alarak devam etmektedir.
Doğumla ilgili uygulamalar, bebeğin anne karnına düşmesiyle hatta gebe kalmadan önce başlamaktadır. Doğum öncesinden başlayıp doğum sonrasına kadar devam eden bu uygulamalarda amaç; kadın ve çocuğun sağlıklı bir şekilde hayatta kalması, kötü ruhlardan korunması ve bir ömür de bu sağlıklı hayatı sürdürmesidir. Bu çalışmada, Muğla’nın Yerkesik yöresindeki bu geçiş dönemlerinden ilki olan "doğum" evresi ele alınacaktır.
Soil Test based Targeted yield equations for blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Alfisol
Authors: Sankari E. Amutha , Santhi R. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Maragatham S. , Gnanamalar R. P. 
Published: June 2022

Using Ramamoorthy's inductive methodology for assessing the soil test based crop requirement by adopting an Integrated Plant Nutrition System to create Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) for blackgram with the prime objective of attaining the targeted yield by the farmers. A field experiment was conducted out on red non-calcareous sandy loam soil belonging to the Palaviduthi soil series (Typic Rhodustalf) during rabi 2021-22. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments viz., STCR - NPK alone and STCR - IPNS for yield targets 1.0,1.2,and 1.4 t ha-1, Blanket (25:50:25) @ 100% with and without FYM (12.5 t ha-1), FYM alone @ 6.25 and 12.5 t ha-1 and absolute control in randomized block design with three replications. From the experimental data, basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (NR), per cent contribution from soil (Cs), per cent contribution from fertilizers (Cf), and per cent contribution from FYM (Cfym) were computed. The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of Farmyard manure was assessed. It has been found that the nutrient requirement for producing one quintal grain of blackgram was 4.77 kg of N, 4.50 kg of P2O5, and 5.05 kg of K2O. The per cent contribution from soil (Cs) was 15.61, 29.91, and 8.12 for N, P, and K respectively and the percent contribution from fertilizers (Cf) and FYM (Cfym) was 48.61 and 37.19 for N, 44.78, and 14.63 for P2O5 and 55.72 and 31.71 for K2O. FPEs for blackgram were generated using these basic parameters through a Soil Test Crop Response based Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR-IPNS). Fertilizer Prescription Equations (FPEs) created in this mode were used to create nomograms for a range of soil test values and yield targets. Thus the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil nutrient maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in farming for sustainable and enduring agriculture.
Polyethylene Glycol Conjugation for Solubility Enhancement of Cefadroxil, a Poorly Soluble Antibiotic
Authors: Jyothi B. Jeevana , Keerthana Y. , Reddy N. Deekshita 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Cefadroxil is the most widely used antibiotic for many bacterial infections but has the drawback of poorly solubility. In an attempt to provide an easier technique which can be scaled up on large scale to provide a simple method to enhance its aqueous solubility, this present work has exploited polyethylene glycol conjugation to enhance its aqueous solubility of cefadroxil.
Objective: The main aim of the work is preparation of Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil by solvent evaporation technique and to evaluate its solubility enhancement by solubility analysis and to assess drug content uniformity, drug - excipient interaction studies by FTIR spectroscopy.
Methodology: Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil are prepared by solvent evaporation technique using PEG 6000. Five conjugates of Cefadroxil to PEG6000 taken in weight proportions of (1:0.5), (1:1), (1:2) (1:3) and (1:4) were prepared.
Results: Reasonable enhancement of solubility of cefadroxil was evidenced from all the prepared polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil. Among all CFDL: PEG 6000 (1:4) evidenced high percentage solubility of 81±0.61. IR spectrum of CFDL: PEG6000 (1:4) evidenced disappearance of amide group of cefadroxil indicating conjugate formation which is reversible to release cefadroxil to exhibit its therapeutic effect
Conclusion: Polyethylene glycol conjugates of cefadroxil can be prepared easily by solvent evaporation and the conjugate made by weight proportion of CFDL: PEG 6000 (1:4) enhances solubility of cefadroxil by 88% and is promising to be used in formulations cefadroxil with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability.
Secondary Analyses of the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial
Authors: Decuzzi Julianna , Redline Susan , Isaiah Amal 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceAdenotonsillectomy, performed for approximately 500 000 children annually in the US alone, is the first line of treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), the first randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy, compared the management of pediatric nonsevere OSA by early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) vs watchful waiting with supportive care. Since the publication of the primary article in 2013, the CHAT study data set were made available via the National Sleep Research Resource, which allowed researchers to address a range of additional clinical questions relevant to the care of children with OSA. This review focuses on secondary analyses associated with the CHAT data set as grouped by the outcome of interest.ObservationsThe results of most secondary analyses suggest that children who underwent eAT experienced the greatest improvements in symptom burden, sleepiness, parent-reported behavior, and quality of life. Changes in other domains, such as cognition, cardiovascular physiology, and metabolic indicators, were modest and selective. The associations between most treatment outcomes and polysomnographic parameters were weak. Symptoms were poor predictors of OSA severity. The results from these secondary analyses benefitted from the rigor of multicenter design and centralized polysomnography interpretation in CHAT. However, the exclusion of younger preschool-aged children and children with primary snoring limited the generalizability of findings. In addition, because caregivers were not masked, some of the parent-reported outcomes may have been inflated.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this narrative review suggest that CHAT provides a model for future OSA-related studies in children for design, conduct, and subsequent reuse of the study data set, and its findings have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology and management of pediatric nonsevere OSA. Directions for future research include whether the findings from this landmark study are generalizable to younger children and children with primary snoring and severe OSA. Similar studies may help address practice variability associated with pediatric OSA and help identify children who are most likely to benefit from undergoing eAT.
Conversational recommendation: A grand AI challenge
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Chen Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimated avatars, which look and talk like humans, are iconic visions of the future of AI‐powered systems. Through many sci‐fi movies, we are acquainted with the idea of speaking to such virtual personalities as if they were humans. Today, we talk more and more to machines like Apple's Siri, for example, to ask them for the weather forecast. However, when asked for recommendations, for example, for a restaurant to go to, the limitations of such devices quickly become obvious. They do not engage in a conversation to find out what we might prefer, they often do not provide explanations for what they recommend, and they may have difficulties remembering what was said 1 min earlier. Conversational recommender systems (CRS) promise to address these limitations. In this paper, we review existing approaches to building such systems, which developments we observe today, which challenges are still open and why the development of conversational recommenders represents one of the next grand challenges of AI.
The Origin of Moiré‐Level Stick‐Slip Behavior on Graphene/h‐BN Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Ke , Qin Huasong , Zhang Shuai , Li Qunyang , Ouyang Wengen , Liu Yilun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrictional behavior of a nanoscale tip sliding on superlattice of aligned graphene/(hexagonal boron nitride) h‐BN heterostructure is found to be strongly regulated by the moiré superlattices, resulting in long‐range stick‐slip modulation in experimental measurements. Through molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the origin of moiré‐level stick‐slip comes from the strong coupling between in‐plane deformation and out‐of‐plane distortion of the moiré superlattice. The periodicity of long‐range modulation decreases as the interfacial twist angle increases, once the periodicity of moiré becomes smaller than the contact region between the tip and graphene, the long‐range modulation becomes smooth and the stick‐slip behavior disappears. It is found that the contact trajectory of the tip during sliding is the key to reveal the underlying mechanism, based on which a modified Prandtl‐Tomlinson model is proposed considering deformation coupled effect to reproduce the frictional properties observed in molecular dynamics simulation. These findings emphasize the critical role of the moiré superlattice on frictional properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures and open an avenue for the rational design of vdW devices with controllable tribological properties.
New Approaches to Produce Large‐Area Single Crystal Thin Films
Authors: Kim Geonwoo , Kim Dongbeom , Choi Yoonsun , Ghorai Arup , Park Gyeongbae , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWafer‐scale growth of single crystal thin films of metals, semiconductors, and insulators is crucial for manufacturing high‐performance electronic and optical devices, but still challenging from both scientific and industrial perspectives. Recently, unconventional advanced synthetic approaches have been attempted and have made remarkable progress in diversifying the species of producible single crystal thin films. This review introduces several new synthetic approaches to produce large‐area single crystal thin films of various materials according to the concepts and principles.
Plasmonic Nanoagents in Biophysics and Biomedicine
Authors: Huergo Maria‐Ana , Schuknecht Francis , Zhang Jinhua , Lohmüller Theobald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe significant rise in implementation and applications of plasmonic nanosystems in biophysics, biochemistry, and medicine has culminated in the emergence of refined plasmonic enabling reagents, or “nanoagents”. These are defined as tools that allow researchers to not only investigate, but also actively manipulate biological processes and complex biosystems, such as living cells, on the nanoscale. This development is based on a combination of sensing capabilities, photothermal control, and optical force manipulation offered by metallic nanoparticles. The article reviews the trajectory that plasmonic nanoagents have taken in recent years and highlights seminal recent examples of their application, such as optical sensing both in vitro and in vivo, optical control of biomolecular interactions and protein function, the manipulation of lipid membrane properties, and the possibility of guiding cellular behavior
Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation of Aryl Alkynes with Difluoroenol Silyl Ether in the Presence of Trimethylsilyl Chloride
Authors: Guo Meng‐Meng , Song Xuan‐Di , Liu Xiang , Zheng Ya‐Wen , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Rao Weidong , Shen Zhi‐Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reaction of non‐fluorinated silyl enol ether with alkyne is useful for the synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. However, most of the existing methods for realizing such organic transformation usually employ stoichiometric amounts of relatively expensive Lewis acids/metallic salts. Herein, an iron(III)‐catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aryl alkynes with difluoroenol silyl ether was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of iron(III) chloride, stoichiometric amounts of trimethylsilyl chloride, and 4 Å molecular sieves in dichloroethane (DCE) to afford the corresponding α‐alkenyl‐α,α‐difluoroketones in modest to good yields. Remarkably, among the various metallic salts screened, cheap and less‐toxic iron(III) salt was found to be the most efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the present reaction. In addition, in the absence of iron(III) chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride, either no reaction occurred or considerably reduced reaction performance was observed. Moreover, the use of Brønsted acid to replace iron(III) chloride as reaction catalyst failed to promote the reaction. The reaction could be scaled up and the obtained difluoroalkylated carbonyl compound serves as a versatile building block which could be subjected to late‐stage diversification to be converted into useful organic molecules containing CF2H and CF2CF2 moieties. Deuterated experiments showed that the proton in the generated alkene product should originate from trace amounts of water present in the reaction system.magnified image
Co2V2O7@Ti3C2Tx MXene Hollow Structures Synergizing the Merits of Conversion and Intercalation for Efficient Lithium Ion Storage
Authors: Zheng Yihe , Gao Xiaoliang , Miao Chunyang , Dai Henghan , Xia Zhongming , Wang Huifang , Yao Zhenjie , Zhou Jinyuan , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRechargeable batteries are deemed as green and efficient energy storage systems and have drawn great attention during past decades. Despite the commercial applications of lithium‐ion batteries, the ever‐increasing demands for higher energy storage capability driven by the rapid development of portable/wearable electronics remain unsatisfied due to the low theoretical capacity of the commonly used graphite anode. Herein, a material design strategy by synergizing the merits of conversion‐type Co2V2O7 and intercalation‐based Ti3C2Tx MXene for efficient lithium‐ion storage is reported. The Co2V2O7@MXene hollow polyhedrons are synthesized by ion exchange, surface modification, and the subsequent electrostatic assembly. Benefiting from the high conductivity and mechanical robustness of the MXene sheath, the high theoretical capacity of Co2V2O7, and the unique hollow structure, the optimized hybrids deliver a high output capacity of 949.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capacity with 431.4 mAh g−1 retained at 5.0 A g−1, as well as outstanding cycling stability.
From the ground up: Creating and leading fellowship programs in emergency medicine
Authors: Beaulieu Allison M. , Bambach Kimberly , Bandolin N. Shakira , Barnes David , Messman Anne , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Rathlev Niels K. , Reznek Martin A. , Schnapp Benjamin , King Andrew M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA methodical and evidence‐based approach to the creation and implementation of fellowship programs is not well described in the graduate medical education literature. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) convened an expert panel to promote standardization and excellence in fellowship training. The purpose of the expert panel was to develop a fellowship guide to give prospective fellowship directors the necessary skills to successfully implement and maintain a fellowship program.MethodsUnder direction of the SAEM Board of Directors, SAEM Education Committee, and SAEM Fellowship Approval Committee, a panel of content experts convened to develop a fellowship guide using an evidence‐based approach and best practices content method. The resource guide was iteratively reviewed by all panel members.ResultsUtilizing Kern's six‐step model as a conceptual framework, the fellowship guide summarizes the construction, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of a novel fellowship curriculum to meet the needs of trainees, educators, and sponsoring institutions. Other key areas addressed include Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and nonaccredited fellowships, programmatic assessment, finances, and recruitment.ConclusionsThe fellowship guide summarizes the conceptual framework, best practices, and strategies to create and implement a new fellowship program.
Associations of Vascular Risk and Amyloid Burden with Subsequent Dementia
Authors: Gottesman Rebecca F. , Wu Aozhou , Coresh Josef , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Rahmim Arman , Sharrett A. Richey , Spira Adam P. , Wong Dean F. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Hughes Timothy M. , Walker Keenan A. , Mosley Thomas H. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveMidlife vascular risk factors (MVRFs) are associated with incident dementia, as are amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration. Whether vascular and Alzheimer disease‐associated factors contribute to dementia independently or interact synergistically to reduce cognition is poorly understood.MethodsParticipants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities–Positron Emission Tomography study were followed from 1987–1989 (45–64 years old) through 2016–2017 (74–94 years old), with repeat cognitive assessment and dementia adjudication. In 2011–2013, dementia‐free participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (with white matter hyperintensity [WMH] and brain volume measurement) and florbetapir (Aβ) positron emission tomography. The relative contributions of vascular risk and injury (MVRFs, WMH volume), elevated Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), and neurodegeneration (smaller temporoparietal brain regions) to incident dementia were evaluated with adjusted Cox models.ResultsIn 298 individuals, 36 developed dementia (median follow‐up = 4.9 years). Midlife hypertension and Aβ each independently predicted dementia risk (hypertension: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–5.67; Aβ SUVR [per standard deviation (SD)]: HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.72–3.84), but did not interact significantly, whereas late life diabetes (HR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.18–5.28) and Aβ independently predicted dementia risk. WMHs (per SD: HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03–2.20) and Aβ SUVR (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.83–3.47) independently contributed to incident dementia, but WMHs lost significance when MVRFs were included. Smaller temporoparietal brain regions were associated with incident dementia, independent of Aβ and MVRFs (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.18–4.01).InterpretationMidlife hypertension and late life Aβ are independently associated with dementia risk, without evidence for synergy on a multiplicative scale. Given the independent contributions of vascular and amyloid mechanisms, multiple pathways should be considered when evaluating interventions to reduce the burden of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:607–619
Chiral RuII‐PtIIComplexes Inducing Telomere Dysfunction against Cisplatin‐Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiong Kai , Ouyang Cheng , Liu Jiaqi , Karges Johannes , Lin Xinlin , Chen Xiang , Chen Yu , Wan Jian , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of G‐quadruplex stabilizers presents a promising anticancer strategy. However, the molecular crowding conditions within cells diminish the potency of current G‐quadruplex stabilizers. Herein, chiral RuII‐PtIIdinuclear complexes were developed as highly potent G‐quadruplex stabilizers even under challenging molecular crowding conditions. The compounds were encapsulated with biotin‐functionalized DNA cages to enhance sub‐cellular localization and provide cancer selectivity. The nanoparticles were able to efficiently inhibit the endogenous activities of telomerase in cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells and cause cell death by apoptosis. The nanomaterials demonstrated high antitumor activity towards cisplatin‐resistant tumor cells as well as tumor‐bearing mice. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first example of a RuII‐PtIIdinuclear complex as a G‐quadruplex stabilizer with an anti‐cancer effect towards drug‐resistant tumors inside an animal model.
DNA Origami‐Based Single‐Molecule CRISPR Machines for Spatially Resolved Searching
Authors: Hao Yaya , Li Mingqiang , Zhang Qian , Shi Jiye , Li Jiang , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRepurposing the RNA‐guided endonuclease Cas9 to develop artificial CRISPR molecular machines represents a new direction toward synthetic molecular information processing. The operation of CRISPR‐Cas9‐based machines, nevertheless, relies on the molecular recognition of freely diffused sgRNA/Cas9, making it practically challenging to perform spatially regulated localized searching or navigation. Here, we develop a DNA origami‐based single‐molecule CRISPR machine that can perform spatially resolved DNA cleavage via either free or localized searching modes. When triggered at a specific site on the DNA origami with nanoscale accuracy, the free searching mode leads to searching activity that gradually decays with the distance, whereas the localized mode generates spatially‐confined searching activity. Our work expands the function of CRISPR molecular machines and lays foundations to develop integrated molecular circuits and high‐throughput nucleic acid detection.
Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture
Authors: Shi Xiaobing , Bobrin Valentin A. , Yao Yin , Zhang Jin , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi‐arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase‐separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2‐ and 4‐ arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi‐arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.