bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical approach to understand the responses of passenger vehicles moving through floodwaters
Authors: Al‐Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein , Mustaffa Zahiraniza , Al‐Atroush Mohamed Ezzat , Martinez‐Gomariz Eduardo , Teo Fang Yenn , El‐Husseini Yasser 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWatercourses and roadways commonly intersect in their layout at many locations through bridges, drainages, and fords. During heavy rain events, watercourses may overflow causing serious disturbance toward traffic movement. Under such circumstances, attempting to drive through these intersections can be extremely dangerous. Therefore, understanding the responses of the vehicles moving through floodwaters is of utmost importance. Between 1967 and 2021, several studies have been published investigating the stability of static flooded vehicles. However, studies on the stability of vehicles in the movement are not sufficient at which only few experimental studies were published. Herein, for the very first time numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic forces on a full‐scale medium‐size passenger vehicle moving perpendicular to the incoming floodwaters. Sliding and floating instability modes were observed by detecting the position of the vehicle centre of mass at each time step. Further, horizontal (FH) and vertical (FV) forces were measured and plotted against the governing flow parameters. Finally, it was observed that the critical flow depth was 0.38 m, while the minimum threshold function was 0.39 m2/s, for the tested vehicle. Later, a comparison between simulation outcomes and previously published experimental work was performed and a good agreement was observed.
Clin‐Star corner: What's new at the interface of geriatrics, infectious diseases, and antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Mody Lona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntibiotics are among the leading causes of adverse drug events in older adults. Short‐course antibiotic therapy has been shown to work as well as the traditional longer durations for many types of infections. Antibiotic stewardship interventions including deprescribing strategies have shown a reduction in patient readmissions and mortality among older adults. We identified practice‐changing clinical trials focusing on three major domains of overprescribing antibiotics in older adults – community‐acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and gram‐negative bacteremia. The selected articles underscore the safety and effectiveness of shorter durations of antibiotic treatment for infections in older adults, thus highlighting an opportunity for deprescribing in the aging population. By optimizing antibiotic use, we stand to reduce adverse events and enhance overall health outcomes in older adults.
Improving colorectal cancer screening in rural primary care: Preliminary effectiveness and implementation of a collaborative mailed fecal immunochemical test pilot
Authors: Davis Melinda M. , Coury Jen , Larson Jean Hiebert , Gunn Rose , Towey Elke Geiger , Ketelhut Andrea , Patzel Mary , Ramsey Katrina , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach can improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. We piloted a collaborative mailed FIT program with health plans and rural clinics to evaluate preliminary effectiveness and refine implementation strategies.MethodsWe conducted a single‐arm study using a convergent, parallel mixed‐methods design to evaluate the implementation of a collaborative mailed FIT program. Enrollees were identified using health plan claims and confirmed via clinic scrub. The intervention included a vendor‐delivered automated phone call (auto‐call) prompt, FIT mailing, and reminder auto‐call; clinics were encouraged to make live reminder calls. Practice facilitation was the primary implementation strategy. At 12 months post mailing, we assessed the rates of: (1) mailed FIT return and (2) completion of any CRC screening. We took fieldnotes and conducted postintervention key informant interviews to assess implementation outcomes (eg, feasibility, acceptability, and adaptations).ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐nine Medicaid or Medicare enrollees were mailed a FIT. Over the 12‐month intervention, 62 participants (37%) completed screening of which 21% completed the mailed FIT (most were returned within 3 months), and 15% screened by other methods (FITs distributed in‐clinic, colonoscopy). Enrollee demographics and the reminder call may encourage mailed FIT completion. Program feasibility and acceptability was high and supported by perceived positive benefit, alignment with existing workflows, adequate staffing, and practice facilitation.ConclusionCollaborative health plan‐clinic mailed FIT programs are feasible and acceptable for implementation in rural clinics and support CRC screening completion. Studies that pragmatically test collaborative approaches to mailed FIT and patient navigation follow‐up after abnormal FIT and support broad scale‐up in rural settings are needed.
Recent structural variations in the Medicago chloroplast genomes and their horizontal transfer into nuclear chromosomes
Authors: Jiao Ying‐Xue , He Xiao‐Fan , Song Rui , Wang Xue‐Meng , Zhang Han , Aili Reziya , Chao Yue‐Hui , Shen Yu‐Hua , Yu Long‐Xi , Zhang Tie‐Jun , Jia Shan‐Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMedicago is a genus of legumes (Fabaceae) that resemble common clovers with pinnately trifoliate leaves and spirally coiled seed pods, and Medicago sativa is a famous forage crop throughout the world. In this study, we systematically assembled the complete plastid genomes of 18 Medicago species, representing 35 Medicago accessions, whose genome size ranged from ~119 to 125 kb, and identified one novel inverted repeat (IR) in two accessions of Medicago soleirolii (PI537242 and PI537243), albeit of no IRs in the most accessions. We built a phylogenetic tree based on common protein‐coding sequences of 55 Medicago accessions in 38 species, which were placed into five clades with a divergence since 9.37 million years ago. Global alignment revealed independent genome evolution events, including eight inversions in nine species and four intron losses (ILs) in 10 species, among which four inversions and two ILs have not been reported previously. Within 109–111 unique genes, ndhA, rpl2, and ycf3 were under positive selection in 54 Medicago accessions. Finally, by aligning chloroplast genes against the nuclear genome assembly of M. sativa cultivar “Zhongmu No.1”, we found that a large number of chloroplast gene fragments were horizontally transferred to nuclear chromosomes in alfalfa, especially on the chr3:47518422–48722257 coordinates of chromosome 3. Our comprehensive exploration of Medicago chloroplast genomes provided insights for the understanding of Medicago diversity and their genomic evolution events.
Comparison of buckwheat genomes reveals the genetic basis of metabolomic divergence and ecotype differentiation
Authors: He Ming , He Yuqi , Zhang Kaixuan , Lu Xiang , Zhang Xuemei , Gao Bin , Fan Yu , Zhao Hui , Jha Rintu , Huda Md. Nurul , Tang Yu , Wang Junzhen , Yang Weifei , Yan Mingli , Cheng Jianping , Ruan Jingjun , Dulloo Ehsan , Zhang Zongwen , Georgiev Milen I , Chapman Mark A. , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum dibotrys or Fagopyrum cymosum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) belong to the Polygonaceae and the Fagopyrum genus is rich in flavonoids. Golden buckwheat is a wild relative of Tartary buckwheat, yet golden buckwheat is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Tartary buckwheat is a food crop. The genetic basis of adaptive divergence between these two buckwheats is poorly understood.

Here, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of golden buckwheat and found a one‐to‐one syntenic relationship with the chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat. Two large inversions were identified that differentiate golden buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat.

Metabolomic and genetic comparisons of golden buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat indicate an amplified copy number of FdCHI, FdF3H, FdDFR, and FdLAR gene families in golden buckwheat, and a parallel increase in medicinal flavonoid content. Resequencing of 34 wild golden buckwheat accessions across the two morphologically distinct ecotypes identified candidate genes, including FdMYB44 and FdCRF4, putatively involved in flavonoid accumulation and differentiation of plant architecture, respectively.

Our comparative genomic study provides abundant genomic resources of genomic divergent variation to improve buckwheat with excellent nutritional and medicinal value.
Using Ricoeur's notions on narrative interpretation as a resource in supporting person‐centredness in health and social care
Authors: Josephsson Staffan , Öhlén Joakim , Mondaca Margarita , Guerrero Manuel , Luborsky Mark , Lindström Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article suggests a shift in focus from stories as verbal accounts to narrative interpretation of the every day as a resource for achieving person‐centred health and social care. The aim is to explore Ricoeur's notion of narrative and action, as expressed in his arguments on a threefold mimesis process, using this as a grounding for the use of narration to achieve person‐centredness in health and social care practice. This focus emerged from discussions on this matter at the IPONS conference in Gothenburg, 2021. Based on philosophical resources from Ricoeur's notions of narrative and action developed in his arguments on a threefold mimesis process, we propose a wider use of stories in health and social care practices. We suggest expanding from only focusing on verbal accounts to focusing on narrative as a human way to interpret and make sense of everyday life and circumstances and to communicate possible meanings. We discuss how such complementary focus can be a resource in getting patients involved and collaborating in their health and social care and thereby help develop person‐centred practices.
Patients' and health professionals' views on shared decision‐making in age‐related macular degeneration care: A qualitative study
Authors: Scheffer Mariska , Menting Juliane , Roodbeen Ruud , van Dulmen Sandra , van Hecke Manon , Schlingemann Reinier , van Nispen Ruth , Boeije Hennie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the principal causes of irreversible visual impairment in the older adult population. Recent evidence indicates that there are signs of undertreatment and overtreatment, underdiagnosis and insufficient information provision in AMD care. Shared decision‐making (SDM) can aid information sharing between patients and health professionals and enhances high‐quality care. This research aimed to gain insight into patients' and professionals' views on SDM in AMD care.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with AMD and 19 health professionals in June and July 2020. Participants were recruited through hospitals, professional and patient associations and (social) networks. Sample representativeness was ensured in terms of sociodemographic and disease characteristics for patients, and profession‐related characteristics for health professionals. Interviews were analysed according to a predetermined coding framework.ResultsAlthough SDM is receiving attention in AMD care, health professionals and patients experienced barriers in making shared decisions. The most common barriers reported included limitations in treatment options, time constraints, strict treatment guidelines and patients' comorbidity. Furthermore, most patients indicated that they were not (fully) informed about all aspects of AMD trajectory, such as the possibility to discontinue therapy or the long‐term and invasive character of treatment. Some patients expressed the need for a more empathic and person‐centred communication style from their health professional.ConclusionThe concerns raised by patients and health professionals suggest that there is room for improvement in delivery of SDM in AMD care. Findings from this study indicate that information provision and communication can be improved.
Support for democracy in ego‐centered social contexts
Authors: Kamiński Paweł , Kołczyńska Marta , Mach Bogdan W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate the influence of social contexts on democratic attitudes.MethodsWe use a novel survey data set with data from a nationally representative sample of Polish residents (egos) and their friends and acquaintances (alters).ResultsControlling for several factors defined on the ego‐ and alter‐levels, we find a positive relationship between alters’ and ego's endorsement of democracy over nondemocratic alternatives. This effect is stronger the higher the number of close friends and acquaintances and when all friends know each other.ConclusionWe find a positive relationship between the average preference of democracy in the social context and an individual endorsement of democracy. Confirmed moderators of this relationship may be cautiously interpreted as measuring the degree to which the context structures political communication between egos and alters.
How and why do financial incentives contribute to helping people stop smoking? A realist review protocol
Authors: Siersbaek Rikke , Parker Sarah , Kavanagh Paul , Ford John Alexander , Burke Sara 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionSmoking is harmful to human health and programmes to help people stop smoking are key public health efforts that improve individual and population health outcomes. Research shows that financial incentives improve the success of stop smoking programmes. However, a better understanding of how they work is needed to better inform policy and to support building capability for implementation.The aims of this study: (1) To review the international literature to understand: How, why, in what circumstances and for whom financial incentives improve the success of stop smoking interventions among general population groups and among pregnant women. (2) To provide recommendations for how to best use financial incentives in efforts to promote smoking cessation.Methods and analysisA realist review of published international literature will be undertaken to understand how, why, for whom and in which circumstances financial incentives contribute to success in stopping smoking for general population groups and among pregnant women. Systematic searches were undertaken on 16 February 2022 of five academic databases: MEDLINE (ovid), Embase.com, CIHAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO. Iterative searching using citation tracking and of grey literature will be undertaken as needed. Using Pawson and Tilley’s iterative realist review approach, data collected will be screened, selected, coded, analysed and synthesised into a set of explanatory theoretical findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review as data sources to be included are previously published. The study will provide important findings for policy-makers and health system leaders to guide the development of stop smoking services which use incentives, for example, as part of the Health Service Executive’s Tobacco Free Programme in Ireland. Understanding how contextual factors impact implementation and programmatic success is key to developing a more effective public health approach to stop smoking. Our dissemination strategy will be developed with our stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022298941.
Implementing use of sucrose analgesia (non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain) in a standalone private facility level 3 neonatal care unit using point of care quality improvement methodology
Authors: Sawleshwarkar Kedar , Singh Mahtab , Bajaj Ramesh , Loya Sanjog , Chikhlondhe Rakesh , Bhave Sunita 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundNeonatal pain not only has negative impact on the acute physiological parameters of the neonate but also has got the potential to cause long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities. However, neonatal pain especially related to procedures is not well recognised and often poorly managed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Local problemOral sucrose solution became available commercially in late 2017 and this provided us the opportunity to alleviate some of the procedural pain in neonates admitted in our NICU.MethodsPoint of care quality improvement method (POCQI) was leveraged to identify root causes, change ideas and solutions were tested using PDSA cycles. Four procedures were selected by team for sucrose analgesia namely intravenous cannula insertion, tracheal suctioning, removal of tapes and phlebotomy. Change ideas tested included training of staff and doctors, providing dosage chart in NICU, method of administration of sucrose, affixing sucrose vial to baby bed, using prefilled sucrose syringe and bedside availability of sucrose and checklist for documentation. The study was conducted over a period of 8 weeks from 15 June 2017 on all eligible babies getting admitted.AIM statementWe aim to increase compliance to administration of sucrose analgesia to all eligible newborns (undergoing 4 selected procedures intravenous cannula insertion, tracheal suctioning, removal of tapes and phlebotomy) in NICU prior to painful procedure from current 0% to >80% by 8 weeks.ResultsThis quality improvement study implementing the use of evidence-based sucrose analgesia using PDSA cycles found that percentage of babies getting sucrose analgesia has increased from baseline 0% to 96.27% in the study period and is sustained at >80% for 4 years.ConclusionsPOCQI methodology can be used effectively to implement a new simple strategy of administering oral sucrose solution to address procedural pain in care pathway of neonates admitted in NICU. Sustaining the gains achieved by POCQI needs active leadership involvement and addressing adaptive or behavioural challenges with solutions like team huddles.
Role of autoantibodies and blood–brain barrier leakage in cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hanly John G , Legge Alexandra , Kamintsky Lyna , Friedman Alon , Hashmi Javeria A , Beyea Steven D , Fisk John , Omisade Antonina , Calkin Cynthia , Bardouille Tim , Bowen Chris , Matheson Kara , Fritzler Marvin J 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is common in patients with SLE but the cause is unknown. The current cross-sectional study examined the association between select SLE-related autoantibodies, other serological biomarkers and extensive blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage in patients with SLE with and without cognitive impairment. In addition, we determined whether the relationship between SLE autoantibodies, other biomarkers and cognitive impairment differed depending on the presence or absence of concurrent extensive BBB leakage.MethodsConsecutive patients with SLE, recruited from a single academic medical centre, underwent formal neuropsychological testing for assessment of cognitive function. On the same day, BBB permeability was determined using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning. SLE autoantibodies and other serological biomarkers were measured. Regression modelling was used to determine the association between cognitive impairment, extensive BBB leakage and autoantibodies/biomarkers.ResultsThere were 102 patients with SLE; 90% were female and 88% were Caucasian, with a mean±SD age of 48.9±13.8 years. The mean±SD SLE disease duration was 14.8±11.0 years. Impairment in one or more cognitive tests was present in 47 of 101 (47%) patients and included deficits in information processing speed (9%), attention span (21%), new learning (8%), delayed recall (15%) and executive abilities (21%). Extensive BBB leakage was present in 20 of 79 (25%) patients and was associated with cognitive impairment (15 of 20 (75%) vs 24 of 59 (41%); p=0.01) and shorter disease duration (median (IQR): 7 (8–24 years) vs 15 (2–16 years); p=0.02). No serological parameters were associated with extensive BBB leakage and there was no statistically significant association between cognitive impairment and circulating autoantibodies even after adjusting for BBB leakage.ConclusionsExtensive BBB leakage alone was associated with cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that BBB leakage is an important contributor to cognitive impairment, regardless of circulating SLE-related autoantibodies.
Glacial erosion on a snowball Earth: testing for bias in flux balance, geographic setting, and tectonic regime
Authors: Hoffman Paul F. 
Published: June 2022

On the southwest cape of the Congo craton, a subtropical carbonate bank the size of Greenland was heavily glaciated during two Cryogenian panglacial episodes spaced 10–20 Myr apart. In NW Namibia, the bank underwent crustal stretching with resultant Aegean Sea-type topography during the older and longer Sturtian glaciation (717–661 Ma). This is indicated by angular discordance between glacial and preglacial strata and diamictites sourced from all older units, including crystalline basement. In contrast, the bank was flat-topped and underwent broad thermal subsidence during Marinoan glaciation (646 ± 5–635 Ma), attested by stratal parallellism and diamictites sourced from ≤100 m stratigraphic depth. However, ≥2.0 km of relief existed on the Marinoan continental slope, where most glacial erosion and accumulation occurred. The average rates of Marinoan erosion (2.55–6.80 m/Myr, n = 190) and accumulation (2.65–7.07 m/Myr, n = 211) are indistinguishable, implying that the location in a continental promontory did not bias erosion over accumulation. The average accumulation rates for the Sturtian and Marinoan, scaled for different averaging times, including Marinoan uncertainty, are 3.95–4.93 m/Myr ( n = 183) and 2.65–7.07 m/Myr ( n = 190), respectively, suggesting that a Marinoan glacioeustatic coastal escarpment substituted for rift-related Sturtian basin-and-range topography. These slow rates, comparable to long-term pre-Quaternary accumulation rates on existing abyssal plains, reconcile glacial sedimentology with the feeble hydrologic cycle of snowball Earth.
Circulating DNA and Liquid Biopsies in the Management of Patients with Cancer
Authors: Joosse Simon A. , Pantel Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Forty-five years ago, Cancer Research published the study by Leon and colleagues in which the authors described the observation of increased levels of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the serum of patients with cancer as compared with healthy individuals, with the highest serum levels in patients with metastatic cancer. Most interestingly was the correlation between serum DNA concentrations and therapy outcome: Increased serum DNA levels were associated with poor response to treatment, whereas decreases in DNA levels during treatment appeared to be a sign of better prognosis. Since the discovery of the prognostic value of blood DNA, much research has been focused on the characterization of cfDNA to understand its origins and increase the sensitivity and specificity of using cfDNA as a prognostic and predictive marker in the battle against cancer. Tumor-specific cfDNA markers that were discovered include genetic alterations, chromosomal aberrations, epigenetic modifications, and DNA fragmentation size. In recent years, due to the development of highly sensitive molecular technologies, cfDNA-based assays are now being introduced into the clinic as the so called “liquid biopsy.” The advantages of a liquid biopsy over traditional biopsy and imaging have led to the implementation in the clinic for early cancer detection, improved cancer staging, early detection of relapse, real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and detection of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. Despite Leon and colleagues’ initial skepticism about the potential diagnostic value of serum DNA, cfDNA-based liquid biopsy has become one of the most important tools for personalized cancer treatment.
See related article by Leon and colleagues, Cancer Res 1977;37:646–50