Repeatability and Discriminatory Power of Chart-Based Visual Function Tests in Individuals With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dunbar Hannah M. P. , Behning Charlotte , Abdirahman Amina , Higgins Bethany E. , Binns Alison M. , Terheyden Jan H. , Zakaria Nadia , Poor Stephen , Finger Robert P. , Leal Sergio , Holz Frank G. , Schmid Matthias , Crabb David P. , Rubin Gary S. , Luhmann Ulrich F. O. ,   MACUSTAR Consortium, Agostini Hansjürgen , Bandello Francesco , Basile Pier, G. , Berger Moritz , Boon Camiel, J. F. , Böttger Michael , Bouchet Christine , Brazier John, E. , Butt Thomas , Carapezzi Claire , Carlton Jill , Carneiro Angela , Charil Arnaud , Coimbra Rita , Cunha-Vaz José , Dahlke Claudia , de Sisternes Luis , Fletcher Emily , Floyd Heather , Hogg Ruth , Hoyng Carel , Krätzschmar Jörn , Kühlewein Laura , Larsen Michael , Luning Anna , Martinho Cecília, V. , Melício Beatriz, A. , Mohand-Saïd Saddek , Nunes Sandrina , Parravano Mariacristina , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Pfau Maximilian , Pondorfer Susanne, G. , Priglinger Siegfried , Rowen Donna , Sahel José A , Sanches Fernandes Daniel , Sánchez Clara I. , Saßmannshausen Marlene , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen , Schrinner-Fenske Hanna , Silva Rufino , Skelly Adrian , Souied Eric , Staurenghi Giovanni , Stöhr Linda , Tavares Diana , Taylor Deanna, J. , Thiele Sarah , Tufail Adnan , Wintergerst Ludmila , Wojek Christian 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceThere is a need for validated clinical end points that are reliably able to quantify potential therapeutic effects of future treatments targeting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) before the onset of serious visual impairment.ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and discriminatory power of 5 simple chart-based visual function (VF) tests as potential measures for clinical trial end points with regulatory and patient-access intention in intermediate AMD (iAMD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis international noninterventional study took place at 18 tertiary ophthalmology departments across Europe. Participants were recruited between April 2018 and March 2020 and were identified during routine clinical review. Participants with no AMD and early AMD were recruited from hospital staff, friends, and family of participants with AMD and via referrals from community ophthalmologists and optometrists. The repeatability and discriminatory power of 5 simple chart-based assessments of VF (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA], low-luminance visual acuity [LLVA], Moorfields Acuity Test [MAT], Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity [CS], and International Reading Speed Test [IReST]) were assessed in a repeated-measures design. VF assessments were performed on day 0 and day 14. Participants with early AMD, iAMD, late AMD, and no AMD were recruited.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were computed to assess repeatability. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) determined the discriminatory ability of all measures to classify individuals as having no AMD or iAMD and to differentiate iAMD from its neighboring disease states.ResultsA total of 301 participants (mean [SD] age, 71 [7] years; 187 female participants [62.1%]) were included in the study. Thirty-four participants (11.3%) had early AMD, 168 (55.8%) had iAMD, 43 (14.3%) had late AMD, and 56 (18.6%) had no AMD. ICCs for all VF measures ranged between 0.88 and 0.96 when all participants were considered, indicating good to excellent repeatability. All measures displayed excellent discrimination between iAMD and late AMD (AUC, 0.92-0.99). Early AMD was indistinguishable from iAMD on all measures (AUC, 0.54-0.64). CS afforded the best discrimination between no AMD and iAMD (AUC, 0.77). Under the same conditions, BCVA, LLVA, and MAT were fair discriminators (AUC, 0.69-0.71), and IReST had poor discrimination (AUC, 0.57-0.61).Conclusions and RelevanceBCVA, LLVA, MAT, CS, and IReST had adequate repeatability in this multicenter, multiexaminer setting but limited power to discriminate between no AMD and iAMD. The prognostic power of these variables to predict conversion from iAMD to late AMD is being examined in the ongoing longitudinal part of the MACUSTAR study.