bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global soil microbiomes: A new frontline of biome‐ecology research
Authors: Vasar Martti , Davison John , Sepp Siim‐Kaarel , Mucina Ladislav , Oja Jane , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Anslan Sten , Bahram Mohammad , Bueno C. Guillermo , Cantero Juan José , Decocq Guillaume , Fraser Lauchlan , Hiiesalu Inga , Hozzein Wael N. , Koorem Kadri , Meng Yiming , Moora Mari , Onipchenko Vladimir , Öpik Maarja , Pärtel Meelis , Vahter Tanel , Tedersoo Leho , Zobel Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimOrganisms on our planet form spatially congruent and functionally distinct communities, which at large geographical scales are called “biomes”. Understanding their pattern and function is vital for sustainable use and protection of biodiversity. Current global terrestrial biome classifications are based primarily on climate characteristics and functional aspects of plant community assembly. These and other existing biome schemes do not take account of soil organisms, including highly diverse and functionally important microbial groups. We aimed to define large‐scale structure in the diversity of soil microbes (soil microbiomes), pinpoint the environmental drivers shaping it and identify resemblance and mismatch with existing terrestrial biome schemes.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedSoil eukaryotes and prokaryotes.MethodsWe collected soil samples from natural environments world‐wide, incorporating most known terrestrial biomes. We used high‐throughput sequencing to characterize soil biotic communities and k‐means clustering to define soil microbiomes describing the diversity of microbial eukaryotic and prokaryotic groups. We used climatic data and soil variables measured in the field to identify the environmental variables shaping soil microbiome structure.ResultsWe recorded strong correlations among fungal, bacterial, archaeal, plant and animal communities, defined a system of global soil microbiomes (producing seven biome types for microbial eukaryotes and six biome types for prokaryotes) and showed that these are typically structured by pH alongside temperature. None of the soil microbiomes are directly paralleled by any current terrestrial biome scheme, with mismatch most substantial for prokaryotes and for microbial eukaryotes in cold climates; nor do they consistently distinguish grassland and forest ecosystems.Main conclusionsExisting terrestrial biome classifications represent a limited surrogate for the large‐scale diversity patterns of microbial soil organisms. We show that empirically defined soil microbiomes are attainable using metabarcoding and statistical clustering approaches and suggest that they can have wide application in theoretical and applied biodiversity research.
Association of life‐course socioeconomic status with allostatic load inChinese middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , Ding Ruoxi , He Ping 
Published: March 2022

AimTo examine the association of life‐course socioeconomic status (SES) and mobility with allostatic load (AL) in a large cohort of Chinese middle‐aged and older adults.MethodsDrawing on data from 17 552 middle‐aged and older adults from three waves of a longitudinal study conducted in China in 2011–2015, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used for the overall sample and subsample to examine the association between life‐course SES and AL.ResultsOn the whole, those who were literate had lower AL (β = −0.034, 95% CI = −0.065, −0.004), while those with a non‐agricultural occupation (β = 0.093, 95% CI = 0.065, 0.120) and better financial status in childhood (β = 0.037, 95% CI = 0.012, 0.063) or adulthood (β = 0.033, 95% CI = 0.009, 0.058) had higher AL. In terms of SES mobility, a stable high education was associated with lower AL (β = −0.041, 95% CI = −0.078, −0.004). Upward (β = 0.090, 95% CI = 0.061, 0.120) or stable high (β = 0.075, 95% CI = 0.025, 0.125) occupation was related to higher AL. Downward (β = 0.034, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.064) or stable high (β = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.037, 0.107) financial status was associated with higher AL. Education manifested no associations with AL for the rural and men samples. Financial status showed no relationship with AL for the urban sample.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the importance of applying life‐course models for gaining an understanding of SES and AL. Efforts to lower AL among Chinese middle‐aged and older adults should consider childhood and current SES status, as well as different subgroups.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 425–432.
Urban functional transformation in (de)industrializing China: The heterogeneous roles of state and market
Authors: Cao Guangzhong , Peng Rongxi , Liu Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChina has experienced great economic transition and structural changes since reform and opening‐up, accompanying an unprecedented urban transformation under dramatic (de)industrialization. Previous studies have addressed the roles of state and market and their interaction in (de)industrialization and urban transformation of post‐reform China. However, few studies have given attention to the huge variations across regions and cities in their (de)industrialization stages, their main functions in urban systems of the country, and the critical issues facing them. This study examines the transformation process of different types of cities by employing the perspective of urban function evolution. Specifically, we analyze the spatial pattern of urban functional structure of China and its evolutionary features based on census employment data. Then, we focus on three major concerns of urban transformation in China, namely the multi‐stage and spatial gradient of (de)industrialization, the hierarchy and dynamics of central cities, and the transformation of resource‐dependent cities. Results indicate that the synergy of state and market forces promotes urban transformation in China and that their relative importance and mode of action vary across cities in different regions, stages, and functions. This research highlights an urban functional scope to understand the constant urban transformations in developing countries.
A prospective, randomized, split‐face study of concomitant administration of low‐dose oral isotretinoin with 30% salicylic acid chemical peeling for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Asian population
Authors: Ye Dan , Xue Huan , Huang Shiliu , He Shujuan , Li Youbao , Liu Jing , Wang Zhao , Zeng Weihui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is a common dermatosis. For moderate to severe AV, isotretinoin is the first‐line treatment. Chemical peeling with supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) was developed with water solubility and advanced skin penetration properties. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of oral low‐dose isotretinoin combined with 30% SSA chemical peeling.MethodsThirty‐three moderate‐to‐severe acne patients were enrolled and received oral low‐dose (0.2–0.4 mg/kg/d) isotretinoin and were then randomly assigned to receive 30% SSA or not on each side of the face with 2‐week intervals for four sessions. Photos, the number of lesions, GAGS score, skin indices (melanin, erythema, pore, and texture), hydration, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks. Side effects, efficacy, and satisfactory rates were recorded.ResultsA total of 29 patients completed the study. Oral isotretinoin combined with SSA decreased response time compared to isotretinoin monotherapy, with significantly improved GAGS score, count of lesions, and efficacy (%) at 4–6 weeks. Skin indices of melanin, erythema, pore, and texture evaluated at week 10 were improved as well. Oral isotretinoin with or without SSA was effective by the lesion clearance; only SSA significantly improved the TEWL. All the side effects were temporary and tolerable, and no adverse effects were observed.ConclusionOral low‐dose isotretinoin combined with 30% SSA is safe and effective, which advanced the onset of action and improves lesion clearance.
Nurse‐led task‐shifting strategies to substitute for mental health specialists in primary care: A systematic review
Authors: Aurizki Gading Ekapuja , Wilson Ian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe study aimed to synthesize evidence comparing task‐shifting interventions led by general practice nurses and mental health specialists in improving mental health outcomes of adults in primary care.DesignThis study used a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Data SourcesArticles from the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane EBM Reviews, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis published between 2000 and 2020 were included.Review MethodsThe review was arranged based on the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).ResultsTwelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies revealed that nurse‐led intervention was significantly superior to its comparator. The review identified three major themes: training and supervision, single and collaborative care and psychosocial treatments.ConclusionNurses could be temporarily employed to provide mental health services in the absence of mental health specialists as long as appropriate training and supervision was provided. This finding should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias in the studies reviewed and the limited generalisability of their findings.
Adolescent marriage and motherhood in Turkey: A qualitative study exploring determinants, impacts and opinions about preventive strategies
Authors: Taplak Ayşe Şener , Yılmaz Figen Alp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to understand the determinants of child marriages, becoming a child mother, their impacts and opinions about preventive strategies.DesignThe phenomenological research approach was adopted with one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews between December 2017 and May 2018.MethodsThe population of the study consisted of 36 adolescent married mothers registered in the Family Health Centres. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and evaluated based on a thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsIn the study, four main themes and 12 subthemes were determined. Adolescent marriages determinants occurred as patriarchal cultural norms, the perception that girls would be safe under the protection of another man, and poverty. Adolescent brides experienced partner violence and were subjected to physical, psychological and sexual violence in their marriage. Adolescent mothers had low maternal self‐confidence, childcare challenges and were late to take on childcare responsibilities, and their children were neglected. As a result of early marriage, the participants experienced psychological problems and burnout later in their lives. Improving family‐child communication, and eliminating financial inadequacies were among the opinions on prevention strategies of child marriages.ConclusionThe findings of this study identified the determinants and impact of adolescent marriages and revealed the problems experienced by adolescent brides and mothers.ImpactThe most important contribution of this study is that it deals with the motherhood experiences. In addition, it is one of the important findings of this study that it draws attention to their neglected children's due to lack of knowledge and experience of their mothers about childcare.
A nurse‐led multicentre randomized controlled trial on effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of Chinese iSupport for dementia program: A study protocol
Authors: Xiao Lily Dongxia , Wang Jing , Ratcliffe Julie , Ullah Shahid , Brodaty Henry , Brijnath Bianca , Chang Hui‐Chen ( Rita) , Wang Huali , Chang Chia‐Chi , Kwok Timothy , Zhu Mingxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe a nurse‐led multicentre randomized controlled trial protocol developed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of a Chinese iSupport for Dementia program in Australia and Greater China including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.DesignA multicentre randomized controlled trial following the SPIRIT checklist.MethodsParticipants in the study will be recruited from Australia and Greater China and will be randomly assigned to the intervention group or the usual care group. Interventions will include self‐learning of the iSupport program, virtual peer support and nurse program facilitator support for 6 months. Primary outcome measures will be the 12‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey. Secondary outcome measures will include: Revised Scale for Caregiving Self‐efficacy; Quality of Social Support Scale; Revised Memory and Behaviour Problem Checklist; the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease‐Proxy; usages of care services; and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months and 9 months from the baseline. Caregivers' experiences of the peer support will be explored. This project was funded by the National Foundation for Australia‐China Relations, Australian Government (Project ID: NFACR216). The total amount is $440,000 Australian dollars (or £ 236,231).DiscussionApproximately, 20% of people living with dementia in the world live in Australia and Greater China. Older Chinese are usually cared for by family caregivers at home due to the influence of Confucianism. However, free and online psychoeducation programs for this large cohort of caregivers are not available or accessible. The World Health Organization iSupport for Dementia is an evidence‐based online psychoeducation program for caregivers. Implementing a culturally adapted Chinese iSupport program will address this gap in supporting caregivers.ImpactThis study will provide research evidence on effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of an online psychoeducation program for caregivers. Findings will inform policy and practice development.
A systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis of the roles of home‐visiting nurses working with women experiencing family violence
Authors: Adams Catina , Hooker Leesa , Taft Angela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo systematically review and synthesize qualitative research exploring home‐visiting nurses' roles and identify the challenges for nurses working with women experiencing family violence.DesignWe undertook a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies, focusing on the family violence work of nurse home visitors.Data sourcesA systematic search of four scientific databases (ProQuest Central, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE) was undertaken in August 2021. Grey literature was searched, including government and non‐government research documents, theses, clinical guidelines, policy documents and practice frameworks.Review methodsInclusion criteria included research from high‐income countries, peer‐reviewed qualitative studies in English published from 1985 to 2021, and included research on home‐visiting nurse family violence practice. The first author conducted the data search and the initial screening. The first and second authors independently reviewed the full text of 115 papers, identifying 26 for inclusion in the thematic synthesis (Figure 1—PRISMA flowchart).ResultsThe thematic synthesis identified two themes: (1) relationship building—with the client, with services and with colleagues/self; and (2) family violence practice—ask/screen, validate/name, assess risk/safety plan and safeguard children.ConclusionThe thematic synthesis confirmed the multiple roles fulfilled by home‐visiting nurses and enabled insight into the challenges they face as they undertake complex and demanding work. The roles of the home‐visiting nurse have evolved, with the initial focus on safeguarding children leading to broader family violence nursing practice roles, including the identification of family violence and safety planning discussions with women.ImpactOur meta‐synthesis has confirmed the high‐level communication and rapport‐building skills required by nurses undertaking complex and conflicting roles. Nurses need support and supervision to undertake emotionally demanding work. Integrated health systems, clinical practice guidelines and tools, and training programmes need to encompass the breadth and complexity of the roles of these specialist practitioners.
Collaborative behavioural patterns of elementary school students working on a robotics project
Authors: Sisman Burak , Kucuk Sevda , Ozcan Neslihan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEducational robotics (ER) is a means of teaching technology and engineering to students that offers an active learning environment by encouraging them to create meaningful and unique products. ER also gives students the opportunity to work collaboratively.ObjectivesIn this study, elementary school students' behavioral patterns were explored while they were working on a collaborative robotics project. Additionally, behavioral patterns of higher‐achievement and lower‐achievement groups were compared.MethodsThe participants of the study were a total of 18 students (aged 10–12), including 17 males and 1 female. A problem‐based robotics competition was designed within the scope of the study. The students were asked to design and program a robot based on certain rules in groups within four weeks for this competition. All robot design processes and the competition were video‐recorded. Quantitative content analysis and lag‐sequential analysis methods were used to analyze students' behaviors.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that ER improves collaborative learning, and behaviors in the contributing and planning categories were the dominant behaviors during the robotics project development. Grouping skills of higher‐achievement groups were better. Based on the significant collaborative behavioral patterns that emerged from the study, implications were discussed in terms of theoretical insights and collaborative educational robotics practices.
A randomized trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once‐daily liraglutide 1.8 mg in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes exhibiting an inadequate response to liraglutide 0.9 mg
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Miyoshi Hideaki , Bosch Traberg Heidrun , Divyalasya T V S , Nishijima Keiji , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe present trial compared the efficacy and safety of once‐daily liraglutide 1.8 mg with liraglutide 0.9 mg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes to assess the incremental effects of liraglutide 1.8 mg in those who exhibited an inadequate response to 0.9 mg.Materials and MethodsThis 26‐week randomized trial (NCT02505334) enrolled Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes across 47 sites in Japan. Participants with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.5–10.0% were included and those on insulin treatment were excluded. Participants discontinued pre‐trial oral antidiabetic drug and initiated liraglutide 0.9 mg for a 12‐week run‐in period, after which those with HbA1c ≥7.0% (466) were randomized (1:1) to two treatment arms: continuing liraglutide 0.9 mg or dose escalation to 1.8 mg. The change from baseline in HbA1c (primary endpoint) and treatment‐emergent adverse events (secondary endpoint) were measured at the end of 26 weeks.ResultsAfter 26 weeks of treatment, liraglutide 1.8 mg was more effective compared with 0.9 mg in lowering HbA1c levels, with an estimated treatment difference of −0.40% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.55, −0.24; P < 0.0001). Liraglutide 1.8 mg was associated with significantly greater odds of participants reaching HbA1c <7.0% (estimated odds ratio [EOR] 3.87; 95% CI 2.12, 7.08; P < 0.0001) and ≤6.5% (EOR 3.78; 95% CI 1.36, 10.54; P = 0.0109) compared with 0.9 mg. Both doses were well tolerated.ConclusionsLiraglutide 1.8 mg had better efficacy in improving HbA1c levels after 26 weeks treatment vs 0.9 mg in Japanese patients, with both doses well tolerated.
Epistemic risk and nonepistemic values in end‐of‐life care
Authors: Elton Lotte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSome have questioned the extent of medical intervention at the end of people's lives, arguing that we often intervene in the dying process in ways which are harmful, inappropriate, or undignified. In this paper, I argue that over‐treatment of dying is a function of the way in which clinicians manage epistemic risk—the risk of being wrong. When making any scientific decision—whether making inferences from empirical data, or determining a plan for medical treatment—there is always a degree of uncertainty: in other words, there is always a possibility we make the wrong decision. As philosophers of science such as Justin Biddle have argued, there is no way to resolve epistemic risk without weighing up the consequences of being wrong. This requires us to draw upon other, non‐epistemic considerations, like social and ideological values; as such, questions of epistemic risk cannot be answered solely with reference to epistemic considerations such as evidence. In this paper, I explore how epistemic risk arises in end‐of‐life care, highlighting how clinicians face epistemic risk when diagnosing patients as dying and when determining whether a particular treatment is futile. I argue that there is no clear cut‐off between reversible and irreversible illness, nor between useful and futile treatment. Clinicians who diagnose a patient as dying thus risk failing to provide treatment which could be beneficial; conversely, clinicians who determine that a patient has a potentially reversible illness risk subjecting them to futile treatment that may be painful or distressing. Having outlined where and how epistemic risk arises in end‐of‐life care, I turn my attention to the values and norms which shape clinicians' management of epistemic risk. I highlight how societal attitudes towards death, the medicalisation of dying, and the practice of defensive medicine all contribute to clinicians erring on one side of epistemic caution, minimising the risk that they miss or fail to treat illness. By applying the concept of epistemic risk to end‐of‐life care, I offer a novel lens through which to view medical decision‐making in dying patients.
Energy consumption in relation to the number of stacked packages in forced air pre‐cooling of apples
Authors: Jia Binguang , Yang Luopeng , Zhang Linhua , Li Xiuling , Liu Bing , Chen Feiyong , Zhang Qiangwu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo better investigate the effect of the number of stacked packages on the seven‐eights cooling time and the specific fan energy consumption in forced air pre‐cooling (FAC), a three‐dimensional model of FAC in the stacked packages was developed. The predicted total pressure loss was less than the product of the number of stacked packages and the pressure loss of a single package. This was due to the pressure loss of the cold air flowing through the openings in the adjacent packages accounting for the dominant proportion of the stacked packages. The difference was used to prove the overestimation of the specific fan energy consumption calculated in terms of the product of the number of stacked packages and the pressure loss of a single package. In terms of the required parameters in the pre‐cooling industry, the optimal condition of three stacked packages at the air velocity of 1.0 m/s was suggested. Compared with the other complied conditions, the specific fan energy consumption of the optimal condition was reduced by more than 50% and 0.0289–0.975$ t−1, respectively.Practical applicationsForced air pre‐cooling was an effective way to retain freshness and to improve the economic benefit of horticultural products. The quantitative relationships among the number of stacked packages, the pressure loss, and the fan energy consumption were obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Based on the results, the optimal condition in forced air pre‐cooling of apples was suggested.