bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity is associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in acute optic neuritis
Authors: Stiebel-Kalish* Hadas , Rubarth Kerstin , Blum Karni , Tiosano Alon , Lotan Itay , Hellmann Mark A. , Wilf-Yarkoni Adi , Bialer Omer , Flanagan Eoin P. , Pittock Sean J. , Bhatti M. Tariq , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Friedemann Paul , Asseyer# Susanna , Chen# John J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody disease (MOGAD) at onset. The pathophysiology underlying these diseases, especially MOGAD, is still being elucidated. While obesity has been reported to potentially be a risk factor for MS, this has not been explored in NMOSD or MOGAD. We aimed to investigate a possible association between obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m²) and patients with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Methods: Multicenter non-interventional retrospective data collection from a first ever demyelinating attack of ON in patients subsequently diagnosed with MOGAD, NMOSD or MS between 2005-2020. The following data was collected: age, gender, ethnicity, BMI at disease onset and the etiology of ON after diagnostic work-up. A mixed model analysis was performed to assess the ability of obesity or BMI to predict MOGAD-ON and distinguish MOGAD-ON from NMOSD- and MS-ON. Main outcome measures included BMI in patients with acute ON and subsequent diagnosis of MOGAD, NMOSD or MS. Results: One-hundred and eighty-three patients were included: 44 with MOGAD, 49 with NMOSD, and 90 with MS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a diagnosis of MOGAD-ON (p<0.001); in MOGAD patients the mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m² (standard deviation (SD) 7.2), while the mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m² (SD 5.3) in NMOSD patients and 26.9 kg/m² (SD 6.2) in MS patients. Mixed effects multionimal logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender with obesity as a binary variable revealed that obesity was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of a subsequent MOGAD diagnosis (OR 5.466, 95% CI: [2.039, 14.650], p = 0.001) in contradistinction with NMOSD. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between obesity and MOGAD. Our finding requires further exploration, but could have significant pathophysiologic implications if confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary compliance and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a double-blind randomized control trial
Authors: NI LIFENG , Chen Menglan , Huang Ling’er , Wang Kuirong , Zhou Yanfeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To observe the effects of different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation strategies on pulmonary compliance and complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostate surgery.Methods: A total of 120 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class I or II who underwent elective robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into three groups of 40 patients each: control (PEEP=0 cmH2O), low-level (PEEP=5 cmH2O), and high-level (PEEP=10 cmH2O). Volume control ventilation with an intraoperative deep muscle relaxation strategy was used intraoperatively. Respiratory mechanics indexes were recorded at six time points: 10 min after anesthesia induction, immediately after pneumoperitoneum establishment, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, and at the end of pneumoperitoneum (T1-T6). Arterial blood gas analysis and oxygenation index calculation were performed at T1, T4, and after tracheal extubation (T7). Postoperative pulmonary complications were also recorded.Results: After pneumoperitoneum, peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), mean pressure (Pmean), driving pressure (ΔP), and airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and pulmonary compliance (Crs) decreased, persisting during pneumoperitoneum in all groups. Between T2–T5, Pulmonary compliance in Group high-level was higher compared with Groups low-level (53.7/39.2/37.2/35.8 vs. 46/33.6/33.7/32.5; P<0.05) and control (53.7/39.2/37.2/35.8 vs. 38.4/28.2/26.7/27.4; P<0.05) .The driving pressure (ΔP) at T2–T5 in Group high-level was lower compared with Groups low-level (9.7/13.2/13.8/14.3 vs. 12.3/16.0/16.2/17.3; P<0.05) and control (9.7/13.2/13.8/14.3 vs. 17.0/21/22.3/22.0; P<0.05).At T4 and T7, the PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 did not significantly differ among the three groups((P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative pulmonary complications among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion: High levels of intraoperative PEEP increased lung compliance without significantly reducing postoperative pulmonary complications.Registered：The study was registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry 30/05/ 2020 (Registration No. ChiCTR2000033380).
Early steps towards professional clinical note-taking in a Swedish study programme in dentistry
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Higher education tends to focus on academic writing only, instead of emphasizing that professional texts are also used as a basis for communication in contexts with a variety of participators. When it comes to clinical notes, research is scarce and focused on technology and informatics. Therefore, the aim was to explore dental students’ clinical notes, and specifically which aspects of the clinical notes characterizes clinical notes that are not sufficient enough for professional purposes.Methods: The object of analysis was the student’s written completion of a teacher constructed protocol regarding oral mucosa, the dental apparatus including pathology on tooth level, oral hygiene, and a validated international clinical examination protocol of the temporomandibular region. The study was framed within the New Literacy Studies approach, and the clinical notes were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Within the clinical notes three themes were identified; a) familiar content; b) familiar content in new context; and c) new content. The forms of notes could refer to either categorizational clinical notes or descriptive clinical notes. Most students were able to write acceptable clinical notes when the content was familiar, but as soon as the familiar content was in a new context the students had difficulties to write acceptable notes. When it comes to descriptive notes students suffered difficulties to write acceptable notes both when it came to familiar content, or familiar content in a new context.Conclusions: Taken together, the results indicate that students have difficulties writing acceptable notes when they are novices to the content or context, making their notes either insufficient, too short or even wrong for professional purposes. With this in mind, this study suggests that there is a need to strengthen the demands on sufficient professional quality in clinical notes and focus on clinical notes already in the early stages of the different medical educations.
Autophagy subtypes characterization identifies immune phenotypes and immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Ma Bo , Li Hui , Zheng Mingzhu , Cao Rui , Yu Riyue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Autophagy degraded and recycled cytoplasmic components to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, which was recognized as double-edged sword in oncogenesis and novel target in cancer treatment. However, comprehensive analysis of the relationship between autophagy regulation and immunity has not been reported yet.
Methods
Unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify autophagy regulation patterns. LASSO cox regression algorithm was used to build a scoring system (ATGscore) to represent the individual autophagy regulation pattern. Then integrated analysis of autophagy regulation patterns and ATGscore was performed.
Results
We have successful depicted five autophagy regulation patterns and established a scoring system (ATGscore) to represent it, which was shown to be significantly correlated with TIME infiltration, immune phenotypes, molecular subtypes, and genetic variation, etc. in 1165 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Moreover, ATGscore was an independent prognostic factor and potent predictor for clinical response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting immunotherapy.
Conclusions
Understanding the molecular characteristics of autophagy regulation patterns in HNSCC could help us to depict the underlying mechanism of tumour immunity and lay a solid foundation on combination of autophagy targeting therapies and immunotherapies for clinical application in HNSCC.
Magnitude of Domestic Violence among Antenatal Care Facility Attendees in Central Ethiopia and Associated Factors: a cross sectional study
Authors: Yesuf Subah Abderehim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the magnitude of domestic violence (DV) and its correlates among pregnant women in attending antenatal care facilities in central Ethiopia.
Results
The study included data collected from 388 pregnant women whose age ranged from 20 to 41 with median (IQR) of 28 (24.25 to 32) years. Of these, 70.9% were urban dwellers. Overall, prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 30.9% (95%CI: 26.3–35.6), psychological violence being the most common form (26.8%), followed by physical violence (21.1%) and sexual violence (17.3%). Rural residence [AOR = 3.75 (95%CI:1.36,10.29)], early marital age [AOR = 10.89 (95%CI:3.17,37.44)], lower partner’s literacy status [AOR = 4.20 (95%CI:1.61,10.92)], living away from partner [AOR = 20.37(95%CI: 4.18,99.29)], partner’s alcohol use [AOR = 3.76 (95%CI:1.52,9.33)], and undesired pregnancy by partner [AOR = 4.44 (95%CI:1.47,13.42)] were significant predictors of DV during pregnancy.
Exploring the bio-sensing application of high-k gate stack double gate trench channel TFET with lightly doped drain
Authors: Kundu Antara , Saha Priyanka , Sarkar Subir Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, double gate trench channel (DG-TC) TFET based biosensor is presented for label free detection of biomolecules. Cavities are etched in the gate oxide across the source side for both the gates for biomolecules immobilization. To improve the performance of the device, stacked gate oxide with lightly doped drain (LDD) are introduced in DG-TC TFET. An extensive simulation study using ATLAS device simulator depicts enhanced ON current of 10− 5A/µm, lower average subthreshold slope (SS) of 34 mV/decade and high ON/OFF current ratio of 1014 with proposed DG-TC TFET owing to the integrated effect of trench channel configuration and enhanced tunneling area. To assess the sensing capability of the device, both neutral and charged biomolecules are considered and the effect of variation of the dielectric constant (k) and charge density (Nf) on device electrostatics are investigated and the sensitivity is estimated subsequently. The device with stack oxide structure records a high current sensitivity of 1.8×107 and 2.3×107 for positively and negatively charged biomolecules respectively with k = 12 in a completely filled cavity. Current sensitivity of the present device is also benchmarked against some of the existing TFET based biosensors to establish its superiority for future circuit and system level implementation.
Aerosol effects on clouds are concealed by natural cloud heterogeneity and satellite retrieval errors
Authors: Arola Antti , Lipponen Antti , Kolmonen Pekka , Virtanen Timo , Bellouin Nicolas , Grosvenor Daniel , Gryspeerdt Edward , Quaas Johannes , Kokkola Harri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One major source of uncertainty in the cloud-mediated aerosol forcing arises from the magnitude of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) adjustment to aerosol–cloud interactions, which is poorly constrained by observations. Many of the recent satellite-based studies have observed a decreasing LWP as a function of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) as the dominating behavior. Estimating the LWP response to the CDNC changes is a complex task since various confounding factors need to be isolated. However, an important aspect has not been sufficiently considered: the propagation of natural spatial variability and errors in satellite retrievals of cloud optical depth (COD) and
cloud effective radius (CER) to estimates of CDNC and LWP. Here we demonstrate using satellite and simulated measurements that, because of this propagation, even a positive LWP adjustment is likely to be misinterpreted as negative. This biasing effect therefore leads to an underestimate of the aerosol-cloud-climate cooling and must be properly considered in future studies.
Added value of high-resolution regional climate model in simulating precipitation based on the changes in kinetic energy
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Kim Jineun , Cha Dong-Hyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the added value (AV) of high-resolution regional climate model in simulating precipitation over the Korean Peninsula. Two experiments were conducted with different horizontal resolutions (36 km vs. 4 km), and their results were compared. The AV of varying topographical detail, resulting from differences in horizontal resolution, was analyzed separately. With identical topography, the high-resolution model simulated amplified precipitation intensity than the low-resolution model, in all quantiles and especially for extreme precipitation. Additionally, the precipitation generated by mesoscale or local scale weather/climate events was simulated with greater intensity in the high-resolution model. With the same grid spacing, the more detailed topography model showed AV for increasing spatial variability of precipitation, especially in the mountainous regions. The AVs identified in this study were related to kinetic energy with wavelengths at the meso-beta or smaller scale.
Unlocking the hidden chemical space in cubic-phase garnet solid electrolyte for long-term stable solid-state batteries
Authors: Jung Sung-Kyun , Gwon Hyeokjo , Kim Hyungsub , Yoon Gabin , Jung Changhoon , Kim Ju-Sik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Compared to the tetragonal phase, the cubic phase polymorphism of garnet-type solid electrolytes (Li7La3M2O12) has attracted considerable interest for all-solid-state batteries owing to their high ionic conductivity. Herein, we successfully synthesized a cubic-phase garnet without vacancy formation (Li = 7.0) by applying multicomponent (Hf, Sn, Sc, and Ta) substitutions in the Zr site, considering defect formation energy, site-exchange energy, and charge balance. The entropy-driven stabilization allowed access to the hidden chemical space in cubic-phase garnet (Li > 6.6), and signified the feasibility of low-temperature synthesis as the nucleation temperature of cubic phase decreased from 750 to 400 ℃ in the solid-state reaction. Specifically, Li = 7.0 cubic-phase garnet-type solid electrolyte exhibited superior reduction stability against lithium metal compared to that with low lithium contents (Li = 6.6) and identical atomic species, which further demonstrated the long-term cycle operational stability of such solid-state batteries. The present findings exemplified the superior reduction stability of the cubic-phase garnet with higher chemical potential of lithium to design solid electrolytes.
Scaling optical computing in synthetic frequency dimension using integrated cavity acousto-optics
Authors: Zhao Han , Li Bingzhao , Li Huan , Li Mo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical computing with integrated photonics brings a pivotal paradigm shift to data-intensive computing technologies. However, the scaling of on-chip photonic architectures using spatially distributed schemes faces the challenge imposed by the fundamental limit of integration density. Synthetic dimensions of light offer the opportunity to extend the length of operand vectors within a single photonic component. Here, we show that large-scale, complex-valued matrix-vector multiplications on synthetic frequency lattices can be performed using an ultra-efficient, silicon-based nanophotonic cavity acousto-optic modulator. By harnessing the resonantly enhanced strong electro-optomechanical coupling, we achieve, in a single such modulator, the full-range phase-coherent frequency conversions across the entire synthetic lattice, which constitute a fully connected linear computing layer. Our demonstrations open up the route towards the experimental realizations of frequency-domain integrated optical computing systems simultaneously featuring very large-scale data processing and small device footprints.
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in unexplained, severe ARDS – a single center retrospective case series
Authors: Eisenmann Stephan , Lambrecht Nina , Dießel Linda , Busse Christin , Nuding Sebastian , Vogt Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of severe respiratory impairment. It needs a correct characterization which often is challenging. Additional surgical lung biopsy was previously reported to be of additive value. In severe and unexplained ARDS we tried to define an additional diagnostic benefit of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB). Method: We retrospectively collected data of TBCB in unexplained ARDS, whether with or without ECMO-support. TBCB was performed in one segment, that was prophylactically occluded by Watanabe spigot or swab after the procedure. Histology results and their contribution to further therapeutic decisions were analyzed. Results: Between 2019 and 2020 TBCB was performed in seven patients. Decision for the intervention was decided in multidisciplinary discussion before. Three patients were treated with ECMO. The median duration of invasive ventilation before TBCB was 24 days. Histology revealed four diffuses alveolar damage, one acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia and one cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. All results contributed to the decision of further management. While no pneumothorax or severe endobronchial bleeding occurred, two delayed hematothoraces needed surgical treatment. No patients died due to TBCB.Conclusion: TBCB is feasible in ARDS even during ECMO treatment. Histologic results can play a significant role in therapeutic and ethic discussion to guide the patients’ path. Side effects should be considered and monitored.
Pseudocapacitive lithium-rich disordered rocksalt vanadium oxide with 3D lithium-ion transport pathways for high-performance lithium-ion capacitor
Authors: Zhao Han , Hua Minghao , Li Chongxing , Li Tong , Qin Yuying , Zhang Shuxian , Lin Xiaohang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pseudocapacitive materials with high-rate behavior of lithium-ion charge storage offer a pathway to narrow the kinetics gap with capacitive porous carbon cathode toward lithium-ion capacitors both with high energy and high power densities. However, most of pseudocapacitive materials are subject to their relatively high redox potential and/or the morphological requirement of nanoscale, thus resulting in an undesirable decrease in energy density from either gravimetric or volumetric sides. Here, we demonstrate that lithium-rich disordered rock salt vanadium oxide (DRX-Li3V2O5) exhibits typical pseudocapacitive behaviors within a low working potential range between 0.1 V and 2 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode. The pseudocapacitive behaviors of DRX-Li3V2O5 is inherent to its bulk form, which mainly arises upon a percolating network that offers three-dimensional lithium-ion transport pathways confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulations. A lithium-ion capacitor is further assembled by combing this pseudocapacitive DRX-Li3V2O5 anode with a capacitive activated carbon cathode, yields a cell voltage of 4.0 V and both high values of energy and power densities, higher than or comparable to that of the state-of-art lithium-ion capacitors based on graphite and other pseudocapacitive materials. Lithium-ion capacitor based on this high-rate and low-cost DRX-Li3V2O5 anode is ready for commercialization.
Determination of Reference Values for Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Pygoscelid Penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula † ‡
Authors: BAYRAM Latife CAKIR , İSLER Cafer Tayer , EKEBAS Görkem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
According to literature review, this is the first study investigating tear production and intraocular pressure in pygoscelid penguins living in their natural habitat. This study also provides reference values for penguins kept under professional care at zoos and rehabilitation centres. This study aimed to establish normal values for standard ocular tests, including the Schirmer tear test (STT-1) and intraocular pressure test (IOP), for penguins belonging to the genus Pygoscelis (P), namely, the Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins. Ophthalmic measurements were made from the Antarctic. In the left eye of each penguin, the amount of tear production (TP) was determined with the STT-1 and the IOP was measured using a Tonovet® rebound tonometer. No macroscopic findings affecting the eyelids, third eyelid, cornea or anterior eye camera were detected in the eyes of the examined penguins. The mean STT-1 and mean IOP values of 129 and 120 adult penguins were determined as 10.163 ± 4.054 mm/min and 38.852 ± 13.188 mmHg, respectively. A statistical difference at the level of p < 0.001 was determined between the islands for the mean IOP values. While no statistically significant difference was detected between the penguin species for the mean IOP values, between the locations was found to be significant (p < 0.001). Statistical differences at a level of p < 0.05 were determined for the mean TP values between the all locations and for the mean IOP values between the all locations ( p < 0.001) and only Lions Rump - Ardley I (p = 0.023). A statistical difference of p < 0.05 was detected between the chinstrap and gentoo for the mean STT-1 values. This study, which is aimed at reporting the first literature data in this field, has shown the need for further more detailed studies to elucidate the impact of different locations, daily time intervals and seasons on the STT and IOP values of penguins.
Widening the landscape of transcriptional regulation of algal photoprotection
Authors: Arend Marius , Yuan Yizhong , Ruiz-Sola M. Águila , Omranian Nooshin , Nikoloski Zoran , Petroutsos Dimitris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Availability of light and CO2, substrates of microalgae photosynthesis, is frequently far from optimal. Microalgae activate photoprotection under strong light, to prevent oxidative damage, and the CO2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) under low CO2, to raise intracellular CO2 levels. The two processes are interconnected; yet, the underlying transcriptional regulators remain largely unknown. By employing a large transcriptomics data compendium of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii responses to different light and carbon supply we reconstructed a consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network from complementary inference approaches and used it to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of photoprotection. We showed that the CCM regulator LCR1 also controls photoprotection, and that QER7, a Squamosa Binding Protein, suppresses photoprotection- and CCM-gene expression under the control of the blue light photoreceptor Phototropin. Along with demonstrating the existence of regulatory hubs that channel light- and CO2-mediated signals into a common response, our study provides a unique resource to dissect gene expression regulation in this microalga.