bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in mental health inequalities for people with disability, Australia 2003 to 2020
Authors: Bishop Glenda , Kavanagh Anne Marie , Disney George , Aitken Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
People with disability have substantial inequalities in mental health compared to people without disability. While ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability in 2008 demonstrated an international consensus that people with disability have the right to the highest attainable standard of health, mental health inequalities still exist. This study tracked mental health inequalities for people with disability in Australia over the last two decades and investigated whether mental health inequalities were improving or worsening.
Methods
This study uses data from 2003 to 2020 from the longitudinal Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Mental health was measured using the five-item Mental Health Index (MHI). For each wave, we derived population-weighted age-standardised estimates of mean MHI scores for people with and without disability and calculated the mean difference to determine inequalities. Analyses were stratified by age, sex, and disability group (e.g., intellectual, physical, sensory).
Results
For all 18 years from 2003 to 2020, people with disability had considerable inequalities in mental health scores, with average MHI scores 9.8 to 12.1 points lower than for people without disability. For some subpopulations, including young people, particularly women, and people with intellectual disability, brain injury or stroke, mental health inequalities worsened.
Conclusion
This study found persistent mental health inequalities between people with and without disability in Australia over 18 years. This adds to previous findings by demonstrating that the inequalities are not mere snapshots in time, but have been sustained for decades and are not improving.
On the Role of Tikhonov Regularizations in Standard Optimization Problems
Authors: Adriazola Jimmie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tikhonov regularization is a common technique used when solving poorly behaved optimization problems. Often, and with good reason, this technique is applied by practitioners in an ad hoc fashion. In this note, we systematically illustrate the role of Tikhonov regularizations in two simple, yet instructive examples. In one example, we use regular perturbation theory to predict the impact Tikhonov regularizations have on condition numbers of symmetric, positive semi-definite matrices. We then use a numerical example to confirm our result. In another example, we construct an exactly solvable optimal control problem that exhibits a boundary layer phenomena. Since optimal control problems are rarely exactly solvable, this brings clarity to how vital Tikhonov regularizations are for the class of problems this example represents. We solve the problem numerically using MATLAB's built-in optimization software and compare results with a Galerkin-type/genetic algorithm. We find the second method generally outperforms MATLAB's optimization routines and we provide the MATLAB code used to generate the numerics. Finally, to demonstrate the utility of Tikhonov regularization from the second example in a more technologically realistic application, we show that regularization guides the design of gradient-index optical devices toward those which are significantly less expensive to fabricate.
Rethinking the US global war on terror in the Sahel (2001-2017) between Deterrence and defeat
Authors: djedei Abdellatif , Kerboua Salim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Almost two decades since the global war on terrorism started, the United States is nowhere near defeating its shadowy enemy. A vexing challenger that resurges and expands after two major large-scale interventions and a plethora of security partnership initiatives, train and equip programs and capacity building of local allies to combat terrorism. The withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and the surge of attacks in the Sahel provide ample indices about the ineffectiveness of former strategies to defeat terrorism. This paper advocates a fully integrated approach to counterterrorism that departs from the current military centered approach towards a new one that prioritizes denial by mitigation, diplomacy and robust homegrown delegitimization process in the Sahel. Deter instead of defeat gained momentum in the fourth wave of deterrence research. Deterring terrorism is at the heart of Alex Wilner’s contemporary deterrence theory (CDT) which advocates the three pillars of deterrence by Punishment, deterrence by denial and deterrence by delegitimization. This paper commences with an overview of Wilner’s CDT, emphasizing the conceptual delineation between ‘defeat’ and ‘deterrence’. The second part examines the concepts of state fragility and ungoverned spaces, which represent the bedrock of the US problematization of the Sahel. This paper applies CTD analytical framework to the US counterterrorism effort in the Sahel through the exploration of the global terrorism database (GTD). It is concluded that the model of counterterrorism in the Trans-Saharan region presented by the United States and its partners is largely dominated by much punishment, less denial and poor delegitimization.
A Case Report of Severe Malaria Associated Acute Renal Failure in an Adult
Authors: Bereda Gudisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Malaria continues to be a significant global public health problem, particularly in endemic nations. A 28-year-old male was brought into the emergency room with significant complaints of fatigue, chills, fever, and lack of appetite. The patient had no prior history of malaria. He was not given any anti-malarial medication as prophylaxis while traveling to his workplace. As a result of laboratory investigations to identify malarial parasites in peripheral blood using thin and thick smears, malaria parasites were found in the patient. Cardiovascular testing confirmed that S1 and S2 were audible. At the border of the colitis, the liver was palpable. Both the chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography were clear. His level of consciousness assessment indicated a Glasgow coma scale reading of 10 out of 15. As part of her supportive care, he received 1000 mL of normal saline solution with 40% glucose solution. He received intravenous artesunate 60 mg (2.4 mg/kg) when he was admitted to the intensive care unit, and then every twelve and twenty-four hours for the following three days (a total of three doses, 540 mg).
Do birds enjoy flying? An analysis of affect after flight in galah (Eolophus roseicapilla)
Authors: Massen Jorg , Malone Kate , de Vries Roos , Beekmans Mandy , Zeeland Yvonne van , Oei Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
You may have wondered whether birds that are performing seemingly useless aerial acrobatics may in fact be enjoying themselves. Since birds cannot report (verbally) on their emotions, assigning such emotions has been notoriously difficult. Recently though, researchers started to adopt a componential view on emotions, which contains behavioural, psychological and physiological elements that can be measured in animals. Integrating these three elements, we examined whether flying generates positive affect in the galah. Specifically, we measured behaviour, cognitive bias, and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in galahs (n=17) that actively participated in a free flight demonstration and compared measurements of days on which they did or did not fly. We found that all individuals almost always choose to fly when given the opportunity, as well as increased appetitive behaviours after flying in comparison to non-flight days. In addition, birds became more likely to respond optimistically in a cognitive bias task after consecutive days of flight, and conversely, became more likely to respond pessimistically with increasing days on which flight opportunity was withheld. Although no differences were found between faecal glucocorticosteroid concentrations on flight and non-flight days, a decrease in glucocorticosteroid concentrations could be noticed with increasing precipitation. Our results suggest that galahs are motivated to fly, and that flight positively affects their emotional state, therefore emphasizing the need for further studies into the role of affective states in initiating animal behaviour, and into free flight as a potential ethological need for birds.
Neutropenia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Chirico Gaetano 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The non-specific and antigen-specific components of host defense mecha-nisms are subject to the adaptation process in the neonate; however, the neutrophil quantitative and qualitative deficiency is one of the most significant causative factors of neonatal-increased vulnera-bility to infection.

Objective:
To review the incidence and outcome of neutropenia of unknown cause in preterm in-fants.

Results:
The incidence of early and late-onset idiopathic neutropenia of prematurity is significant.

Conclusion:
The low neutrophil counts respond quickly to G-CSF treatment; however, due to the low probability of septic complications, particularly in the late-onset neutropenia, a deep diagnostic approach and the potential hematopoietic growth factor treatment should be limited to the severe cases, such as a neutrophil count <500/μL, lasting for more than 2 days.
Hepatoprotective Potential of Phytoconstituents and Vitamins against
Antitubercular Drugs Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Kumari Babul , Kumar Tirath , Kumar Dhananjay , Sen Aninda 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This study aims to develop a new hepatoprotective drug from common plants
and vitamins that are potent, nontoxic, and cost-effective. The literature search found that Curcuma
longa, Zingiber officinale, Terminalia, chebula, and Vitamin A (Vitamin C + Vitamin E) provide
hepatoprotective action against drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. A major side effect of antitubercular
drugs (ATD) is liver toxicity, which reduces their effectiveness.

Aim:
In this study, Vitamins and Phytoconstituents (Combined extract) were evaluated for their potential
hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs in Wistar albino
rats of either sex.

Materials and Methods:
In the study, ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Zingiber
officinale, fruits of Terminalia chebula, and vitamins C and E were used. As a standard drug, silymarin
was also used. For 30 days, albino rats received 7.5 mg/kg isoniazid, 10 mg/kg rifampicin,
and 35 mg/kg pyrazinamide orally as a suspension in distilled water.

Result:
A combined extract plus vitamins (500mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the hepatic toxicity
caused by antitubercular drugs (P<0.05-P<0.001). A combination of extracts + vitamins
(500mg/kg) eliminates hepatotoxicity, and the results are close to those of Silymarin, a standard drug.

Conclusion:
As a result of this study, extracts+vitamins provide protection against liver injury attributed
to their hepatoprotective activity, which supports their traditional use.
Analisis Link Budget dengan Perbedaan Sudut Azimuth dan Elevasi pada Proses Pointing Menggunakan Two Line Elements dan Perhitungan Matematis pada Satelit Telkom-1 dan Telkom-2
Authors: Basuki Okky Anggada , Sari Sapriesty Nainy , Purnomowati Endah Budi 
Published: December 2022

TeknikÂ pointing dish antenna pada satelit incline dengan menggunakan Two Line Elements (TLE) dapat melihat pergerakan satelit secara langsung dengan mempertimbangkan tipe orbit, kapabilitas manuver, tipe obyek dan prioritas obyek secara periodik untuk memperoleh basis data secara real-time. Pada penelitian ini hasil analisis perbandingan antara penggunaan TLE dan perhitungan matematis satelit TELKOM-1 di kota Malang, Jakarta dan Semarang menunjukan nilai rata rata off axisÂ pada sudut azimuth yaitu 0.000233Â°, -0.000567Â° dan 0.0006Â° sedangkan untuk sudut elevasi yaitu 0.003133Â°, 0.0019667Â° dan 0.00233Â°. Untuk hasil Analisis perbandingan antara penggunaan TLE dan perhitungan matematis satelit TELKOM-2 di kota Malang, Jakarta dan Semarang menunjukan nilai rata rata off axisÂ pada sudut azimuth yaitu -0.000133Â°, -0.0001,Â° dan -0.000667Â° sedangkan untuk sudut elevasi yaitu 0.0032Â°, 0.0044Â° dan 0.0035667.
RANCANGAN SWITCH OPERATION MODE RECTENNA (SOMR) PADA FREKUENSI GSM 1800 MHz
Authors: Yuwono Rudy , Saputra Hadi 
Published: December 2022

Pada peneltian ini akan dibahas tentang perancangan dan pembuatan antena mikrostrip dengan frekuensi 1800 MHz serta melakukan analisis pengujian tegangan keluaran dari rectenna. Terdapat tiga jenis pengujian, yaitu pada saat tanpa switching, perangkat aktif dan perangkat non-aktif. Pada penelitian ini kami menggunakan Sim module 800l sebagai pengganti ponsel dan relay sebagai switchingnya. Pengambilan data menggunakan variabel ketinggian antena dari tanah. Rectenna menghasilkan Tegangan DC tertinggi yang dihasilkan dalam pengujian adalah 4,9 mV untuk pengujian dengan kondisi tanpa menggunakan Â Switch Operation Mode, 0.8 mV untuk pengujian dengan menggunakan Swtich Operation Mode kondisi dua perangkat aktif, 5,3 mV untuk pengujian dengan menggunakan Switch Operation Mode kondisi dua perangkat non-aktif.
Reproductive Biodynamics of Short Mackerel (Rastreliger brachyoma Bleeker, 1851) in the Northern Waters Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Kantun Wayan , Mulyawan Ardi Eko , Mahyuddin Hadijah 
Published: December 2022

Short mackerel are caught with high intensity by the fisherman and using various fishing gear. It is feared that this activity could change the reproduction habits of short mackerel in ther habitat. This study aims to analyze the bio-dynamics reproduction of short mackerel, including sex ratio, maturity stage, length at first maturity, length at first spawning, and fecundity. The survey method obtained the sample collection from the fish landing sites. Samples were collected in 1320 samples consisting of 651 females (13.0-16.5 cm) and 669 males (13.3-17.4 cm). The results showed that the sex ratio was balanced (1.00:1.02), the stage of gonad maturity showed from immature gonad to spawning (I to V), and the highest gonad maturity index for males and females were found in July (1.609 and 1.794). The length at first maturity of males and females had occurred when they were 16.51 cm and 16.63 cm, and the length at first spawning for males and females was 17.12 cm and 17.03 cm in size. The fecundity of female mackerel ranges from 30.106 to 58.439 in the northern waters of Makassar Strait. Capturing fish is suggested with a length above the spawned fish (>17 cm), considering that the fish only spawn at least once from their life cycle. The fecundity of short mackerel is relatively high as an indicator of high reproductive potential.
PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY AND RETROGRADE INTRARENAL SURGERY FOR TREATMENT OF RENAL STONE SIZE BETWEEN 1.0 CM AND 2.5 CM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: BAHETI VISHWAS , TRIVEDI PANKAJ , DOBARIA UDAY , MEHTA FATEH SINGH 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RIRS and PCNL in treatment of renal stone size between 1-2.5cm.
Methods: This comparative prospective study was conducted in the Department of Urology of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Rajasthan from January 2019 to June 2020. Patients were fully informed about the study protocol and a written informed consent has obtained from patients with renal stone disease without any co-morbid conditions, posted for RIRS and PCNL. Stone free rate, post operative complications, hospital stay, operation time and cost between RIRS and PCNL for treatment of renal stone size between 1-2.5cm were compared.
Results: Out of total 313 patients, 212 patients underwent PCNL and 101 patients RIRS. The stone clearance rate was significantly better in PCNL (92.45%) than RIRS (85.15%). The hospital stay was significantly less in RIRS (2.02±1.36 days) when compared to PCNL (3.89±2.18 days). Mean operative time for PCNL was significantly less i.e. 71.81±12.89 minutes as compared to 85.79±13.94 minutes in RIRS. Post-operative complications were more in PCNL group than RIRS.
Conclusions: This study concluded that PCNL when compared to RIRS both have advantages and disadvantages according to size and location of stone, post-operative complications, stone free rate and operation cost. Judicious use of PCNL and RIRS should be done according to above mentioned parameters.
The Development of Regenerative Medicine in Russia and in the World: Leading Researchers and Technological Drivers
Authors: Kanev A. A. , Kurakov F. A. , Cherchenko O. V. , Tsvetkova L. A. 
Published: December 2022

An assessment was made of the current level of development of the thematic area of «regenerative medicine» in Russia and in the world based on an analysis of the list of methods of cell, gene therapy and tissue engineering officially approved by the regulatory authorities of the world as of November 2022, as well as an analysis of the global publication and patent portfolio.It is shown that the practical result of the 20-year development of regenerative medicine was the creation and approval of 70 products and technologies, of which 12 are methods (products) of cellular immunotherapy, 11 are gene therapy products, 17 are cell therapy products, 8 are cord blood therapy methods, 22 – products of tissue engineering. The United States is the leader in terms of the number of regenerative medicine technologies and products approved by regulatory authorities for the use of technologies and products in healthcare practice – 32 methods and products, the second position is occupied by the EU (21), followed by the Republic of Korea (16), Japan (10), Canada (7). 3 technologies and products were approved in India, China and Australia, 2 in Singapore, 1 in New Zealand. During the observation period, only one gene therapy product was recalled (ZYNTEGLO in the EU in 2021). The country that makes the most significant contribution to research and development in the field of regenerative medicine is the United States, which has a national publication portfolio that is at least three times larger than the top 5 countries in this topic area (China, Japan, UK and Italy). The Russian Federation ranks 17th with the total number of publications in the national portfolio. The performed scientometric analysis made it possible to identify the most developed scientific areas in the Russian Federation related to the field of regenerative medicine.
Bakso Sayur Bergizi Untuk Meningkatkan Imun Tubuh dalam Pencegahan Covid-19
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian bakso ayam petelur afkir yang ditambah sayur sawi hijau, tauge dan wortel, meningkatkan imun tubuh karena adanya nutrisi dan kandungan antioksidan sayur dalam pencegahan Covid-19. Metode penambahan adonan daging dengan 0, 10, 15, 20, dan 25% Sayuran. Analisis proksimat bakso sayur dan Analisis kandungan β-karoten, kandungan vitamin A, Vitamin C, Aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan lemak bakso ayam. Hasil penelitian terjadi peningkatan kandungan, Protein kasar 22,40-23,32%, Serat kasar 2,45-2,96%, Lemak kasar 8,55-9,49%, Abu 2,26-2,75%, Energi 3527,01-3631,47 Kkal/kg dan Bahan kering 24,15-25,20%. Berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kandungan β-karoten bakso, yang ditambahkan sawi 0,018-0,068mg. Berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) dengan penambahan tauge 0,008-0,033mg dan wortel 0,057-11,667mg. Berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kandungan vitamin A, dengan penambahan sawi 0,388-21,390mg, tauge 0,388-32,291mg dan wortel 0,388-1,270mg. Berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap vitamin C, dengan penambahan sawi 0,388- 21,390mg, tauge 0,388-32,292mg dan wortel 0,388-1,270mg. Berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan yang ditambahkan sawi 217,48-137,95, tauge 224,05-113,87 dan wortel 302,84-120,80. Berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kandungan lemak bakso yang ditambah sawi 11,89-11,18mg, tauge 12,00-11,23mg dan wortel 11,80-11,17mg. Kesimpulan kandungan nutrisi bakso sayur lebih baik dari syarat Mutu bakso ayam SNI No. 1-6683-2002, sehingga berpengaruh meningkatkan kesehatan dan imun tubuh untuk mencegah Covid-19.
The distribution characteristics and regulations of adaptive designs from 2008 to 2020: an overview of EMA approvals
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Ma Jianbin , Lu Zhenzhen , Huang Lihong 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To identify and characterize all European Medicines Agency
(EMA) approvals that made use of adaptive designs in clinical trials and
to evaluate the conditions where adaptive designs were required.
Methods: We gathered relevant files derived from the EMA database based
on a list of the keywords related to adaptive designs between 2008 and
2020. We collected the trial characteristics from approvals and Fisher
exact test was used to compare the characteristics. Results: We found 41
approvals derived from 91 original EMA files contained adaptive designs.
Group sequential was the most popular adaptive design (17/41). Most of
the approvals (32/41) were pivotal trials and were not under accelerated
assessment (38/41). Among 32 confirmatory trials planned with adaptive
designs, the proportion of AM status showed a statistically significant
increase (P < 0.0001) from 0% in 2008–2012 to 90.48% in
2017–2020. The percentage of antitumor drugs in approved drugs with
ongoing clinical trials was 82.35%, compared to 20.83% with completed
trials (P=0.0001). The proportion of companies that required
post-authorization safety or efficacy studies or that were
granted CMA for drugs that were approved but still had ongoing clinical
trials significantly differed from the other group (P = 0.0230).
Conclusion: An increasing trend was observed in the number of EMA
approvals related to adaptive designs from 2008 to 2020. Extra
regulations will be necessary for ongoing trials due to unknown,
uncertain circumstances raised from adaptive design, such as addtitonal
monitoring, conditional marketing authorization.
Programas de conservação de água em prédios públicos em Recife-PE
Authors: Dos Santos José Mickael Silvestre , Nunes Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira , Da Silva Simone Rosa 
Published: December 2022

Relata-se neste artigo o acompanhamento do monitoramento do consumo da água potável em alguns prédios públicos de caráter administrativo do estado de Pernambuco, evidenciando-se boas práticas e buscando-se evitar problemas relativos à conservação de água potável. O projeto de extensão foi iniciado em março de 2018 pelo grupo de pesquisa e extensão em recursos hídricos da Universidade de Pernambuco – AquaPOLI – em parceria com a Secretaria de Administração – tendo como principal finalidade a conservação de água potável nos prédios públicos administrativos. O projeto contou com a cooperação dos gestores de água capacitados de cada prédio. Em reuniões com esses gestores, o Grupo AquaPOLI debateu problemas e suas soluções, e os incentivou a utilizarem a Planilha de Monitoramento do Consumo de Água (PMCA) como ferramenta de controle do consumo de água potável. Criteriosamente escolhidos, analisaram-se nove prédios públicos, aos quais foram feitas visitas a fim de identificar suas características físicas, a atuação de seu gestor de água e a verificação do consumo de água potável. Dessa forma, verificaram-se algumas dificuldades no monitoramento do consumo da água por parte dos gestores, mas, também, com o passar do tempo, uma melhor atuação dos gestores, que se capacitaram a tomar medidas necessárias diante de alguma anomalia no consumo de água, evitando-se, com a utilização eficiente da PMCA, o desperdício de pelo menos 50 m³/mês de água potável em um único prédio. Ao lado de tudo isso, houve também a realização de campanhas educativas a fim de minimizar o consumo de água no prédio.