bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Host–Microbe–Parasite Interactions in an In Vitro 3D Model of the Vertebrate Gut
Authors: Moysidou Chrysanthi‐Maria , Withers Aimee M. , Nisbet Alasdair J. , Price Daniel R. G. , Bryant Clare E. , Cantacessi Cinzia , Owens Róisín M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn vitro models of the gut–microbiome axis are in high demand. Conventionally, intestinal monolayers grown on Transwell setups are used to test the effects of commensals/pathogens on the barrier integrity, both under homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions. While such models remain valuable for deepening the understanding of host–microbe interactions, often, they lack key biological components that mediate this intricate crosstalk. Here, a 3D in vitro model of the vertebrate intestinal epithelium, interfaced with immune cells surviving in culture for over 3 weeks, is developed and applied to proof‐of‐concept studies of host–microbe interactions. More specifically, the establishment of stable host–microbe cocultures is described and functional and morphological changes in the intestinal barrier induced by the presence of commensal bacteria are shown. Finally, evidence is provided that the 3D vertebrate gut models can be used as platforms to test host–microbe–parasite interactions. Exposure of gut–immune–bacteria cocultures to helminth “excretory/secretory products” induces in vivo‐like up‐/down‐regulation of certain cytokines. These findings support the robustness of the modular in vitro cell systems for investigating the dynamics of host–microbe crosstalk and pave the way toward new approaches for systems biology studies of pathogens that cannot be maintained in vitro, including parasitic helminths.
In Situ TEM Studies of the Oxidation of Li Dendrites at High Temperatures
Authors: Li Yanshuai , Li Xiaomei , Chen Jianmin , Cai Canying , Tu Wei , Zhao Jun , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Liqiang , Zhou Guangwen , Huang Jianyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough lithium (Li) is inert to dry oxygen at room temperature, it reacts with dry oxygen at elevated temperatures, causing thermal runaway and fire hazard in Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, the oxidation mechanism of Li at high temperatures is not explored. Here, real‐time transmission electron microscopy studies of the effect of temperature on the oxidation mechanisms of Li dendrites are reported. The oxidation is controlled by the outward diffusion of Li+ through the oxide layer (the Wagner oxidation mechanism), forming thin films of Li2O comprising nanograins at temperatures between 100 and 140 °C. When the temperature is between 160 and 200 °C, the oxidation product is plate‐like LiOH due to the presence of trace amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. When the temperature is above 300 °C, the oxidation product becomes single crystalline Li2O nanocubes. Density function theory calculations reveal the Li oxidation chemistry is controlled by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the interactions between O2 or H2O and Li2O at high temperatures. These results provide an important understanding of the microscopic oxidation mechanism of Li at elevated temperatures, which sheds lights on the thermal runaway of LMBs.
Highly Stretchable, Ultra‐Soft, and Fast Self‐Healable Conductive Hydrogels Based on Polyaniline Nanoparticles for Sensitive Flexible Sensors
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Zhang Haopeng , Wang Yufei , Fan Xiaoshan , Li Zibiao , Zhang Xu , Liu Tianxi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, novel conductive composite hydrogels are developed with high stretchability, ultra‐softness, excellent conductivity, and good self‐healing ability. The hydrogels are formed in the water/glycerol binary solvent system, in which the polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI‐NPs) are incorporated into the poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(PEG‐co‐AA)) scaffolds via the dynamically electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The PANI‐NPs serve as conductive fillers to assign conductivity to the hydrogel, while the enhanced interfacial interactions between the PANI‐NPs and P(PEG‐co‐AA) matrix endow the hydrogel with high stretchability (>1000%), low modulus (≈6 kPa), excellent elasticity (η = 0.07, energy loss coefficient at 500% strain), and fast self‐healing ability (93.3% after 10 mins). Particularly, the desirable anti‐freezing property is achieved by introducing a binary solvent system. The composite hydrogel‐based sensors are proposed, with the states‐independent properties, low detection limit (0.5% strain and 25 Pa), highly linear dependence, and excellent anti‐fatigue performance (>1000 cycles). In addition, during the practical wearable sensing tests, various external stimulus and human motions can be detected, including speaking, writing, joint movement, or even small water droplets, indicating the potential applications for the next generation of epidermal sensors.
Multimodal, Convertible, and Chiral Optical Films for Anti‐Counterfeiting Labels
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Li Qiongya , Wang Cunli , Wang Dongdong , Song Mengyuan , Li Zan , Xue Xingya , Zhang Gang , Qing Guangyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesigning a sustainable security model that carries multilevel information with numerous optical states will significantly enhance anti‐counterfeiting abilities to deter counterfeits, ranging from artworks, currencies, and foods to medicines, but is enormously challenging. Herein, ambient‐friendly, large‐area, quadruple‐level, and chiral luminescent materials are prepared by incorporating lanthanide complexes wrapped in poly(ethylene glycol) matrix into chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films through a co‐assembly strategy. Due to the regulation of the chiral nematic structures, the composite films enable full‐color structural colors and tunable fluorescence. Notably, the brightest fluorescent film radiates right‐handed circularly polarized luminescence with an asymmetric factor over −0.36, a lifetime up to 510 µs, and an absolute quantum yield up to 66.7%. More interestingly, a fascinating chiro‐optical behavior ranging from azure to khaki can be controlled by a polarizing filter at given 0° and 90° rotation angles. This anti‐counterfeiting system showcases the comprehensive properties of bright and responsive photoluminescence, quadruple and convertible color, and flexible and solvent‐resistant abilities. This CNC‐derived photonic material can act as the multimodal security label on a model banknote, which greatly facilitates its development for practical applications.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Chandu Palasetty , Das Debabrata , Ghosh Krishna G. , Sureshkumar Devarajulu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a visible‐light mediated photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative alkylation of vinylcyclopropanes. The reaction was carried out with an Ir‐based photocatalyst and Cs2CO3 as a base. The desired functionalized long‐chained alkylated derivatives were obtained in 48–93% yields under mild reaction conditions without any external metal co‐catalysts, oxidants, or additives. Various alkyl carboxylic acids and amino acid derivatives are used as alkylating reagents to synthesize the γ,δ‐unsaturated diesters, and unnatural homo‐allylic amino acid derivatives with excellent functional groups tolerance. The utility of this method was showcased by performing a gram‐scale synthesis. A mechanism is proposed based on control experiments and quenching studies.magnified image
Fast and Accurate Determination of the Singlet–Triplet Gap in Donor–Acceptor and Multiresonance TADF Molecules by Using Hole–Hole Tamm–Dancoff Approximated Density Functional Theory
Authors: Woon Kai‐Lin , Nikishau Pavel A. , Sini Gjergji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the requirements to design efficient emitters based on the multiresonance (MR)‐ or donor–acceptor (D‐A) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is a relatively small energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST). High‐level ab initio calculations of their ΔEST provide benchmark results, but they are very time consuming and little practical for large‐size systems. Here, the performances of hole–hole Tamm–Dancoff approximated density functional theory (hh‐TDA‐DFT) and the functional dependent accuracy of hh‐TDA are examined on ΔEST of a large number of MR‐ and D‐A TADF molecules. The results indicate that hh‐TDA combined with the hybrid functional B3LYP can predict ΔEST values for a wide number of MR‐TADF molecules with mean absolute error (MAE) within 0.04 eV with correlation as high as 0.75. For D‐A TADF molecules, ΔEST is less sensitive to the nature of the functionals, with MAE as low as 0.07 eV. The larger discrepancy between ΔEST obtained from hh‐TDA‐DFT and experimental data in several oxygen‐containing MR‐TADF molecules is assumed to stem from the aggregation tendency of these compounds in solution. These findings provide important insights on the role of aggregation in reducing the ΔEST of MR‐TADF compounds.
Reliability Analysis Based on Mixture of Lindley Distributions with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Çolak Andaç Batur , Swarup Chetan , Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Lone Showkat Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study of reliability analysis of mixture model is essential in confirming the quality of devices, equipment, and electronic tube flops etc. In recent years, statisticians have developed more interest in mixture model research, notably in the last decade, without taking into account the issue of modeling the metrics of reliability of mixture models using artificial neural networks. In the present study, the influence of pertinent parameters on reliability metrics is studied. The effect of components and mixing parameters for failure function, reversed hazard rate function, mean time to failure, hazard rate function, mean inactivity time, mean residual life, reliability function, Mills Ratio profiles are plotted and discussed. A multi‐layer artificial neural network is developed using the numerical analysis results obtained using four different scenarios. The values extracted from the artificial neural network and the numerical findings of the reliability studies are extensively compared and examined. The deviation rates obtained for the developed artificial neural network model are obtained at values lower than 0.12%. The outcomes demonstrate that neural networks are a powerful and effective mathematical tool that can be used in the reliability analysis of mixing models.
A Temporal PROTAC Cocktail‐Mediated Sequential Degradation of AURKA Abrogates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Xuan , Duan Jianli , Hou Zhijie , Wu Zhouming , Liu Lingling , Lei Hanqi , Huang Dan , Ren Yifei , Wang Yue , Li Xinyan , Zhuo Junxiao , Zhang Zijian , He Bin , Yan Min , Yuan Huiming , Zhang Lihua , Yan Jinsong , Wen Shijun , Wang Zifeng , Liu Quentin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAURKA is a potential kinase target in various malignancies. The kinase‐independent oncogenic functions partially disclose the inadequate efficacy of the kinase inhibitor in a Phase III clinical trial. Simultaneously targeting the catalytic and noncatalytic functions of AURKA may be a feasible approach. Here, a set of AURKA proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are developed. The CRBN‐based dAurA383 preferentially degrades the highly abundant mitotic AURKA, while cIAP‐based dAurA450 degrades the lowly abundant interphase AURKA in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The proteomic and transcriptomic analyses indicate that dAurA383 triggers the “mitotic cell cycle” and “stem cell” processes, while dAurA450 inhibits the “MYC/E2F targets” and “stem cell” processes. dAurA383 and dAurA450 are combined as a PROTAC cocktail. The cocktail effectively degrades AURKA, relieves the hook effect, and synergistically inhibits AML stem cells. Furthermore, the PROTAC cocktail induces AML regression in a xenograft mouse model and primary patient blasts. These findings establish the PROTAC cocktail as a promising spatial‐temporal drug administration strategy to sequentially eliminate the multifaceted functions of oncoproteins, relieve the hook effect, and prevent cancer stem cell‐mediated drug resistance.
Stacking Polymorphism in PtSe2 Drastically Affects Its Electromechanical Properties
Authors: Kempt Roman , Lukas Sebastian , Hartwig Oliver , Prechtl Maximilian , Kuc Agnieszka , Brumme Thomas , Li Sha , Neumaier Daniel , Lemme Max C. , Duesberg Georg S. , Heine Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPtSe2 is one of the most promising materials for the next generation of piezoresistive sensors. However, the large‐scale synthesis of homogeneous thin films with reproducible electromechanical properties is challenging due to polycrystallinity. It is shown that stacking phases other than the 1T phase become thermodynamically available at elevated temperatures that are common during synthesis. It is shown that these phases can make up a significant fraction in a polycrystalline thin film and discuss methods to characterize them, including their Seebeck coefficients. Lastly, their gauge factors, which vary strongly and heavily impact the performance of a nanoelectromechanical device are estimated.
Single‐Metal Atoms and Ultra‐Small Clusters Manipulating Charge Carrier Migration in Polymeric Perylene Diimide for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxygen Production
Authors: Lin Zhi , Wang Yiqing , Peng Zhiming , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Meng Fanqi , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Dong Chung‐Li , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Ruizhe , Zhao Daming , Chen Jie , Gu Lin , Shen Shaohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLimited by the retarded charge carrier migration and the sluggish four‐electron reaction kinetics, it is still a great challenge for polymeric semiconductors to achieve efficient photocatalytic water oxidation. Herein, single Co atoms and ultra‐small CoOx clusters are simultaneously introduced into polymeric perylene diimide (PDI) through a facile impregnation‐calcination two‐step method. The obtained Co‐PDI exhibits excellent photocatalytic water oxidation activity under visible‐light irradiation, with an oxygen evolution rate reaching as high as 5.53 mmol h–1 g–1 (λ > 420 nm). The apparent quantum yield for oxygen evolution is determined to be 8.17% at 450 nm, and remains 0.77% at even longer visible light wavelength of 700 nm without redundant co‐catalysts, indicating that Co‐PDI may serve as an excellent oxygen evolution photocatalyst for water splitting. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that single Co atoms act as the electron mediators connecting adjacent PDI layers to build directional channels for rapid charge transfer, while ultra‐small CoOx clusters as hole collectors and reaction sites to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. The study presents a facile and reliable strategy to effectively activate polymeric semiconductors for efficient photocatalysis by rationally modulating atomic structures and active sites for promoted charge carrier transfer and surface reaction kinetics.
Surgical applications of ultrasound use in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Navarro Sergio M. , Shaikh Hashim , Abdi Hodan , Keil Evan J. , Odusanya Simisola , Stewart Kelsey A. , Tuyishime Eugene , Mazingi Dennis , Tuttle Todd M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound is a portable technology able to deploy health care effectively in low resource settings. This study presents a systematic review to determine trends in the utility and applicability of this technology in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), specifically for surgical applications. The review includes characterising and evaluating trends in the geographic and specialty‐specific use of ultrasound pertaining to surgical disease.MethodsThe databases such as Medline OVID, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched from 2010 through March 2019 for studies available in English, French and Spanish. Commentaries, opinion articles, reviews and book chapters were excluded. A categorical analysis of ultrasound use for surgical disease in LMICs was conducted.ResultsA total of 6276 articles were identified, with 4563 studies included for the final review. A total of 221 studies were selected researching ultrasound use in LMICs to treat surgical disease. Most studies identified ultrasound usage focused on general surgery, acute care surgery and surgical ICU topics (52%, 115) followed by computed tomography surgery studies (20%, 44). Most studies were retrospective in nature, with 81% (180) of research studies generated in four countries (India, Pakistan, Nigeria and Egypt). Ultrasound proved to be a feasible technique for utility in pre‐operative diagnosis, cost‐effectiveness and prediction of surgical outcomes. Findings are limited by the limited number of randomised clinical trials reported.Conclusion and global health implicationsOur systematic literature review of ultrasound use in LMICs demonstrates the growing utilisation of this relatively low‐cost, portable imaging technology in low resource settings for surgical disease.
Enhancing mechanical and antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposite nanofibers using decorated clay with ZnO nanorods
Authors: Maghfoori Fatemeh , Najmoddin Najmeh , Pezeshki‐Modaress Mohamad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is urgently necessitate to develop a construct with desirable mechanical properties and antibacterial activity for biomedical applications. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a promising antibacterial inorganic agent for the improvement of biopolymer scaffold properties. However, its agglomeration/aggregation has an adverse effect on its performance. In the present work, clay platelets have served as a substrate for decoration of high density, well‐distributed ZnO nanorods via in‐situ synthesis. Then, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers containing 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% ZnO nanorods decorated on clay platelets (Clay@ ZnO) are fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The tensile strength and modulus of the PCL scaffold are significantly enhanced by increasing Clay@ ZnO content, thanks to the presence of well‐distributed ZnO rods on exfoliated clay platelets. However, the maximum elongation at break is observed for PCL/1% (Clay@ ZnO). Disc diffusion method reveals that good coverage of clay platelets with ZnO nanorods boosts the antibacterial performance of ZnO against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria strains. Moreover, incorporation of Clay@ ZnO powders into the PCL scaffold considerably enhances its antibacterial activity. Cell culturing assay demonstrates the favorable cytocompatibility of prepared nanocomposite nanofibers by promoting cell attachment and proliferation. Such engineered nanocomposite has a high potential to utilize in biomedical applications.
Outstanding temperature‐tolerant conductive polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel with ultra‐stretchability and good strain sensing performance
Authors: Fan Mingshuai , He Zhiyuan , Wu Lu , Tang Ping , Bin Yuezhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlexible sensors based on conductive hydrogels have shown surprising potential in the field of electronic skin and human–computer interaction. However, pure water in the hydrogel will inevitably freeze at low temperature or evaporate quickly in dry environment, resulting in the failure of hydrogel as a flexible sensor. Here, inorganic ions (Li+ and Cl−) and glycerol were introduced into the polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (PAM/CMCNa) composite hydrogel networks through the strategy of solvent replacement. The optimized hydrogel had a quite large elongation at break of 2000%, and a breaking strength of more than 0.14 MPa. The synergistic effect of inorganic ions and glycerol enabled the hydrogel to maintain a good flexibility in a wide temperature range of −20–45°C, which could meet the work needs of the hydrogel in high temperature or extremely cold environments. The hydrogel showed a very wide working range of 1000%, a fast response time of 150 ms, and a high stability and repeatability of 500 cycles during strain sensing detection. Besides, the hydrogel could capture the large and subtle body movements accurately and stably. Therefore, this hydrogel may be applied as in wearable sensing devices used in extreme environments.
Zwitterion grafted forward osmosis membranes with superwetting property via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Yao Xuesong , Guan Kecheng , Sasaki Yuji , Shintani Takuji , Nakagawa Keizo , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA superwetting forward osmosis membrane was prepared by grafting a zwitterion (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, MPC) onto the polyamide membrane layer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to enhance antifouling property. The modification of the hydrophilic layer was confirmed by the characterization including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle goniometer. Moreover, membrane antifouling performance was evaluated by dynamic membrane fouling test using bovine‐serum‐albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA). The grafted membranes not only showed high fouling resistance after being exposed to up to 500 ppm SA for 10 h, but also demonstrated excellent water flux recovery with the presence of up to 1000 ppm BSA, which was significantly improved as compared to the unmodified membrane. Robust hydration layer formed by the grafted zwitterion polymer could act as a physical and energy barrier preventing attachment of organic foulants on the membrane surface, thus significantly improving membrane fouling resistance.
Preparation and thermal properties of a novel DOPO‐based Schiff base derivative as a flame retardant for polystyrene
Authors: Gao Zhenhao , Xie Juan , Huang Hong , Miao Zhiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe synthesized an acrylic acid 4‐[(10‐oxo‐10H‐9‐oxa‐10λ5‐phospaphenanthren‐10‐yl)‐phenylamino‐methyl]‐phenyl ester (DOPO‐AC), a novel Schiff base derivative based on 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide, and evaluated its utility as a flame retardant for polystyrene (PS). The synthesized DOPO‐AC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The reactive vinyl groups of DOPO‐AC further copolymerized with styrene to produce PS/DOPO‐AC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that DOPO‐AC could clearly improve the char residue formation. By comparing the data of T5% and T10%, it was found that the thermal stability of the PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer was reduced. We investigated the influence of DOPO‐AC on the flame retardancy of PS by determining limiting oxygen indexes, conducting vertical burning tests (UL‐94), and carrying out thermogravimetry combined with differential thermal analysis. These results revealed that PS containing 5 wt% DOPO‐AC had a UL‐94V‐0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 29.6%. Residues of PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer after the UL‐94V tests were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy; and the results allowed us to propose a flame retardant mechanism for PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer. Taken together, our results prove that DOPO‐AC is an effective flame retardant for PS.