bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RAM signaling pathway links morphology, thermotolerance, and CO2 tolerance in the global fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chadwick Benjamin J. , Pham Tuyetnhu , Xie Xiaofeng , Ristow Laura C. , Krysan Damian J. , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe environmental pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans claims over 180,000 lives each year. Survival of this basidiomycete at host CO2 concentrations has only recently been considered an important virulence trait. Through screening gene knockout libraries constructed in a CO2-tolerant clinical strain, we found mutations leading to CO2 sensitivity are enriched in pathways activated by heat stress, including calcineurin, Ras1-Cdc24, cell wall integrity, and Regulator of Ace2 and Morphogenesis (RAM). Overexpression of Cbk1, the conserved terminal kinase of the RAM pathway, partially restored defects of these mutants at host CO2 or temperature levels. In ascomycetes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, transcription factor Ace2 is an important target of Cbk1, activating genes responsible for cell separation. However, no Ace2 homolog or any downstream component of the RAM pathway has been identified in basidiomycetes. Through in vitro evolution and comparative genomics, we characterized mutations in suppressors of cbk1Δ in C. neoformans that partially rescued defects in CO2 tolerance, thermotolerance, and morphology. One suppressor is the RNA translation repressor Ssd1, which is highly conserved in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The other is a novel ribonuclease domain-containing protein, here named PSC1, which is present in basidiomycetes and humans but surprisingly absent in most ascomycetes. Loss of Ssd1 in cbk1Δ partially restored cryptococcal ability to survive and amplify in the inhalation and intravenous murine models of cryptococcosis. Our discoveries highlight the overlapping regulation of CO2 tolerance and thermotolerance, the essential role of the RAM pathway in cryptococcal adaptation to the host condition, and the potential importance of post-transcriptional control of virulence traits in this global pathogen.
Destabilized 3’UTR ARE therapeutically degrades ERBB2 in drug-resistant ERBB2+ cancer models
Authors: Awah Chidiebere U , Glemaud Yana , Levine Fayola , Yang Kiseok , Ansary Afrin , Dong Fu , Ash Leonard , Zhang Junfei , Weiser Daniel , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast, lung, and colorectal cancer resistance to molecular targeted therapy is a major challenge and unfavorably impacts clinical outcomes, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. In ERBB2+ cancers regardless of the tissue of origin, ERBB2 is the driver oncogene of resistance. We discovered that the ERBB2+ cancers are enriched with poly U sequences on their 3’UTR AU rich elements which are mRNA stabilizing sequences. We developed a novel technology, in which we engineered these ERBB2 mRNA stabilizing sequences to unstable forms and specifically controlled and degraded ERBB2 transcript and protein across multiple cancer types both in the wildtype and drug resistance settings in vitro and in vivo, offering a unique novel modality to control ERBB2 and other pervasive oncogenic signals where other therapies fail.One-Sentence SummaryEngineered destabilized 3’UTR ARE of ERBB2 degrades ERBB2 in many cancer types and controlled resistance.Graphical abstractA. Depiction represents multiple ERBB2 expressing cancer cells with stable 3’UTR ARE and the signaling cascade known to cause chemo resistance. B. Depiction of the engineered destabilized 3’UTR ARE of ERBB2 and the destabilization and degradation of the ERBB2 transcript, protein and kinases involved in mediation of drug resistance
Analysis of the hypothalamic oxytocin system and oxytocin receptor-expressing astrocytes in a mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Althammer Ferdinand , Wimmer Moritz , Krabichler Quirin , Küppers Stephanie , Schimmer Jonas , Fröhlich Henning , Dötsch Laura , Kirchner Matthew K. , Stern Javier E. , Charlet Alexandre , Grinevich Valery , Schaaf Christian P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperphagia, obesity, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Studies suggest dysfunctional signaling of the neuropeptide oxytocin as one of the key mechanisms in PWS, and administration of oxytocin via intranasal or systemic routes yielded promising results in both humans and mouse models. However, a detailed assessment of the oxytocin system in mouse models of PWS such as the Magel2-deficientMagel2tm1.Stwmouse, is lacking. In this study, we performed an automated counting of oxytocin cells in the entire paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ofMagel2tm1.Stwand wild-type control mice and found a significant reduction in the caudal part, which represents the parvocellular subdivision. In addition, based on the recent discovery that some astrocytes express the oxytocin receptor (OTR), we performed detailed analysis of astrocyte numbers and morphology in various brain regions, and assessed expression levels of the astrocyte marker GFAP, which was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus, but not other brain regions inMagel2tm1.Stwmice. Finally, we analyzed the number of OTR-expressing astrocytes in various brain regions and found a significant reduction in the nucleus accumbens ofMagel2tm1.Stwmice, as well as a sex-specific difference in the lateral septum. This study suggests a role for caudal PVN OT neurons as well as OTR-expressing astrocytes in a mouse model of PWS, provides novel information about sex-specific expression of astrocytic OTRs, and presents several new brain regions containing OTR-expressing astrocytes in the mouse brain.
Dissecting the co-segregation probability from genome architecture mapping
Authors: Liu Lei , Cao Xinmeng , Zhang Bokai , Hyeon Changbong 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe genome architecture mapping (GAM) is a recently developed methodology that offers the co-segregation probability of two genomic segments from an ensemble of thinly sliced nuclear profiles, enabling to probe and decipher the 3D chromatin organization. The co-segregation probability from GAM, which typically probes the length scale associated with the genomic separation greater than 1 MB, is, however, not identical to the contact probability obtained in Hi-C, and its correlation with inter-locus distance measured with FISH is not so good as the contact probability. In this study, by using a polymer-based model of chromatins, we derive a theoretical expression of the co-segregation probability as well as that of the contact probability, and carry out quantitative analyses of how they differ from each other. The results from our study, validated with in-silico GAM analysis on 3D genome structures from FISH, suggest that to attain strong correlation with the inter-locus distance, a properly normalized version of co-segregation probability needs to be calculated based on a large number of nuclear slices (n > 103).SIGNIFICANCEBy leveraging a polymer model of chromatin, we critically assess the utility of co-segregation probability captured from GAM analysis. Our polymer model, which offers analytical expressions for the co-segregation probability as well as for the contact probability and inter-locus distance, enables quantitative comparison between the data from GAM, Hi-C, and FISH. Although the plain co-segregation probabilities from GAM are not well correlated with inter-locus distances measured from FISH, properly normalized versions of the probability calculated from a large number of nuclear profiles can still reasonably represent the inter-locus distance. Our study offers instructions of how to take full advantage of GAM analysis in deciphering 3D genome organization.
Distribution and abundance of tetraether lipid cyclization genes in terrestrial hot springs reflects pH
Authors: Blum Laura N. , Colman Daniel R. , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Kellom Matthew , Boyd Eric S. , Zhaxybayeva Olga , Leavitt William D. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMany Archaea produce membrane-spanning glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGTs) lipids that serve as unique biomarkers of past environments. These lipids can contain up to eight cyclopentane rings, where an increase in ring cyclization is generally associated with growth in more acidic, higher temperature, or more energy limited conditions. Recently the genes that encode GDGT ring synthases, grsAB, were identified and characterized in model thermoacidophiles Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Saccharolobus solfataricus. However, the distribution and abundance of grs homologs across environments inhabited by these and related Archaea remains unknown. To address this, we examined the distribution of grs homologs in archaeal and bacterial cultivar genomes, single cell genomes, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes from thermal springs across the planet, where temperature, pH, and geochemical data take at time of sampling. The relative abundance of grs in these microbial communities exhibits a strong negative correlation with pH, and weak positive correlation with temperature. Genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from Archaea that encode two or more copies of grs are significantly more widespread in low pH springs. Homologs of grs were detected in MAGs from 12 archaeal classes, with the most well-represented being the Thermoproteia. Homologs of grs were also detected among several classes of uncultured Archaea, including the Korarchaeia, Bathyarchaeia, and Hadarchaeia. Several Nitrososphaeria MAGs had high copy numbers of grs (> 3), and the functional role of these copies cannot yet be explained. Notably, grs genes were also found in MAGs from the bacterial class Acidobacteria. Based on phylogenetic analyses, it is likely that Acidobacteria acquired these genes horizontally from Archaea. Broadly, our results highlight the key role of grs-catalyzed lipid cyclization in the diversification of Archaea in hot and acidic environments.
The psychological mechanism of consumers’ behavioral intentions of suboptimal food products from the perspective of economic value
Authors: Adel Ahmed M. , Dai Xin , Roshdy Rana S. 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study examines the effect of five price perception dimensions (price consciousness, price mavenism, sale proneness, price-quality schema, and prestige sensitivity) on consumer's perceived value (acquisition value, and transaction value), and how perceived value affects consumers' behavioral intentions (purchase intentions, and intentions to recommend). It also examines the moderation role of face consciousness.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology using online survey technique is employed to collect cross-cultural data from respondents from China (n = 371) and Egypt (n = 384). Structural equation model (SEM) via SmartPLS v.3.2.9 is conducted to analyze data.FindingsThe results show that consumers’ behavioral intentions toward suboptimal fresh produce are positively affected by both dimensions of perceived value. As well as, perceived value is influenced by different price perception dimensions. Moreover, face consciousness partially moderates the relationship between perceived value and behavioral intentions.Originality/valueTo best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study to associate price perception dimensions with purchase value dimensions in the context of suboptimal products. It also contributes to utility and purchase value theory by employing the distinct measures of both perceived acquisition value and transaction value, to enable us to obtain a better understanding of the whole picture of perceived value. In addition, it contributes to regulatory focus theory through the inclusion of face consciousness in the purchase value model. Moreover, up to the researchers' knowledge, prior investigation on these issues in Egypt and China as a cross-cultural research does not exist.
A note on synthetic data for replication purposes in agricultural economics
Authors: Wimmer Stefan , Finger Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmpirical studies in agricultural economics usually involve policy implications. In many cases, such studies rely on proprietary or confidential data that cannot be published along with the article, challenging the replicability and credibility of the results. To overcome this problem, the use of synthetic data—that is, data that do not contain a single unit of the original data—has been proposed. In this note, we illustrate the utility of synthetic data generation methods for replication purposes using a range of methods from agricultural production analysis. More specifically, we compare input elasticities and technical efficiency scores based on different farm‐level production data between original data and synthetic data. We generate synthetic data using a non‐parametric method of classification and regression trees (CART) and parametric linear regressions. We find synthetic data result in elasticities and technical efficiency distributions that are very similar to the original data, especially when generated with CART, and conclude with implications for the research community.
Post‐repair laxative management in obstetric anal sphincter injury guidelines: A narrative review
Authors: Tucker Julie , Hassam Tayla , Juszczyk Karolina , Briley Annette , Parange Anupam , Murphy Elizabeth Mary Anne 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundChildbirth is a common factor which increases the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Damage to the anal sphincters increases the risk of anal incontinence, which has a debilitating impact on the quality of life. Post‐repair laxatives are prescribed in this group of women. However, there is no consensus regarding the type or frequency with which they are used, and available guidelines lack consistency and evidence to support the recommendations.AimThe aim was to review and compare the international, national and local Australian management guidelines for recommendations regarding laxative use in women after OASIS.MethodAn online literature search of medical and nursing databases such as PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane was performed between January 2000 and October 2020. Full‐text articles with MeSH headings and Text Words [TW] identified guidelines in the prevention, management and care of OASIS. The search terms included ‘obstetric anal sphincter injury’, ‘OASIS’, ‘perineal tear’, ‘postpartum continence’, ‘bowel injury’, ‘aperient’, ‘laxative use’ and ‘bulking agents’.ResultsThirteen guidelines were included. Laxatives were recommended in most guidelines; however, there was a lack of consistency regarding the type of laxative used, frequency, dose and duration of use. Guidelines were based on historical evidence, with paucity of recently acquired data identified.ConclusionsThere is no consensus regarding an optimal laxative regime for women who sustain an anal sphincter injury after childbirth. Further research is required to develop evidence‐based robust clinical guidelines regarding laxative use in women who sustain OASIS.
Defensive emotions and evaluative judgements: Sensitivity to anger and fear predicts moral judgements, whereas sensitivity to disgust predicts aesthetic judgements
Authors: Dorado Alejandro , Skov Martin , Rosselló Jaume , Nadal Marcos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAesthetic and moral evaluations engage appetitive and defensive emotions. While the role played by pleasure in positive aesthetic and moral judgements has been extensively researched, little is known about how defensive emotions influence negative aesthetic and moral judgements. Specifically, it is unknown which defensive emotions such judgements tap into, and whether both kinds of judgement share a common emotional root. Here, we investigated how participants' individual sensitivity to disgust, fear, anger and sadness predicted subjective judgements of aesthetic and moral stimuli. Bayesian modelling revealed that participants who were more sensitive to anger and fear found conventional and moral transgressions more wrong. In contrast, participants who were more sensitive to disgust disliked asymmetrical geometric patterns and untidy rooms more. These findings suggest that aesthetic and moral evaluations engage multiple defensive emotions, not just disgust, and that they may rely on different defensive emotions as part of their computational mechanism.
LUCAS Soil Biodiversity and LUCAS Soil Pesticides, new tools for research and policy development
Authors: Orgiazzi Alberto , Panagos Panos , Fernández‐Ugalde Oihane , Wojda Piotr , Labouyrie Maëva , Ballabio Cristiano , Franco Antonio , Pistocchi Alberto , Montanarella Luca , Jones Arwyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European Green Deal puts a healthy environment at the core of policy‐making initiatives in the European Union (EU). Soil, due to its nature, is a central actor to be considered when developing and implementing actions in many areas, from biodiversity and agriculture to climate and pollution. New means for monitoring the impact of decisions taken in these sectors are needed. The Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS modules of Soil Biodiversity and Pesticides provide both policy‐makers and the research community with tools in this direction. The first component corresponds to the largest analysis of soil biodiversity across the EU through molecular biology techniques. The second component is the most extensive harmonised pan‐European assessment of pesticide residues in agricultural soils. Specific features, together with policy and research potential of these instruments for achieving Green Deals targets under the Biodiversity 2030 Strategy, the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Zero Pollution Action Plan, are presented. All generated data are made available to the public through the EU Soil Observatory and European Soil Data Centre.Highlights
LUCAS Soil Biodiversity is a monitoring survey of biodiversity in the European Union.
LUCAS Soil Pesticides is a monitoring survey of pesticide residues in the European Union.
Protocols and data from LUCAS Soil Biodiversity and Pesticides are open access.
LUCAS Soil Biodiversity and Pesticides can support policy and research development.
Effect of catch‐and‐release and temperature at release on reproductive success of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Rimouski River, Québec, Canada
Authors: Bouchard Raphaël , Wellband Kyle , Lecomte Laurie , Bernatchez Louis , April Julien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCatch‐and‐release fishing is a common conservation practice in recreational fisheries for Atlantic Salmon, although the effects on the reproductive success of caught‐and‐released fish are poorly understood. Herein, we compared the relative reproductive success of caught‐and‐released to non‐caught salmon and tested the effect of temperature at release on reproductive success in the Rimouski River, Québec, Canada. At least 83% of caught‐and‐released salmon that moved upstream of a dam successfully reproduced, including fish that have been released in water above 20°C. However, the reproductive success of caught‐and‐released female salmon was only 73% of the reproductive success of non‐caught salmon. Moreover, the increasing temperature did not affect the reproductive success of released fish that entered a trap, but fish caught at warmer temperatures were less likely to enter the trap. Our findings should be useful for evaluating the risks and benefits of catch‐and‐release, and for optimising conservation practices used for the preservation of Atlantic salmon populations.
Systemic minoxidil for hair disorders in pediatric patients: a safety and tolerability review
Authors: John Jared M. , Sinclair Rodney D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTopical minoxidil has been used for many years to treat adult alopecia, and there is growing evidence supporting the off‐label use of low‐dose oral minoxidil (LDOM). However, there is little data on its use in pediatrics, and there are no recommended treatment guidelines. Adverse events are of particular concern in this population. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 63 patients aged between 0 and 12 years from a specialist hair clinic who were treated with LDOM or sublingual minoxidil (SM) to evaluate its safety and tolerability. LDOM and SM were generally well‐tolerated, with mild hypertrichosis being the most commonly reported adverse event. Further large‐scale studies are warranted to determine the efficacy and optimum dosage of systemic minoxidil for alopecia in the pediatric population.
Effects of an outpatient exercise programme for Australians with cancer‐related fatigue: an unmet need
Authors: Datta Gupta Anupam , Wilson David , Tucker Graeme , Albanese Daniella , Berrigan Sonia , Nath Shriram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is a common debilitating condition. International evidence supports an exercise prescription for CRF. The majority of Australians with cancer do not meet recommended exercise targets.AimsTo analyse the effects of a guideline‐based supervised exercise programme on CRF among a representative private hospital cancer patient sample (n = 268).MethodsWe collected data from 268 patients recruited from haematology and oncology over a 5‐year period. Participants underwent a 3‐month CRF exercise programme based on internationally recognised exercise guidelines. The programme, conducted by a multidisciplinary team, operated twice weekly sessions of 2 h duration comprising aerobic, resistance and balance exercises; hydrotherapy and condition counselling; fatigue management; and dietetic, speech pathology and swallowing education (head and neck cancers). The effect of the programme was measured in relation to the following outcomes: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy, Fatigue (self‐reported fatigue); Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, general quality of life (health‐related quality of life in cancer); six‐minute walk test; and Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale.ResultsMultivariate outcomes showed statistically significant improvements in all four major outcome measures, plus a programme effect of greater than 0.7 for each outcome variable. The programme treatment outcomes were consistent over the 5 years of the programme.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this programme contribute to exercise guidelines in Australia. Currently only position statements exist on the subject, but there are no programme guidelines. An exercise prescription is critical to cancer outcomes. This programme is likely to benefit cancer survivors experiencing CRF across private and public hospitals in Australia.
Factors associated with the financial strain of transgender and gender diverse college students
Authors: White Kenneth J. , Love Kim , McCoy Megan , Reiter Miranda , Seponski Desiree M. , Koposko Janet , Regan Erica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe financial health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) college students is an understudied topic despite prior research showing significant financial distress in this population. Utilizing Brüggen et al.'s financial well‐being framework and the 2017 and 2020 waves of the Study on Collegiate Financial Wellness dataset, this study examines factors related to financial strain for TGD college students. Results indicate that TGD college students experience significant indirect impacts of their gender identity on financial strain. TGD students had significantly lower financial optimism, financial self‐efficacy, and financial socialization than their cisgender peers; they also engaged in behaviors associated with poor financial management significantly more frequently. These differences between TGD students and cisgender students each lead directly to significant increases in financial strain. This means that the average financial strain for TGD students is higher than for cisgender students, because of the way gender identity impacts other factors related to their financial well‐being.