bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Variations in the Colic Branching Pattern of the Superior Mesenteric Artery: A Cadaveric Study with Proposal to Modify Its Current Anatomical Classification
Authors: Nigah Sobal , Patra Apurba , Chumber Shekhar , Kalyan Gurdeep Singh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Vascular anatomy of the right colon is more complex and variable as compared to the left. Variations range from the mode of origin, branching to territorial supply. The present work was undertaken to study the anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its colic branches in detail.
Materials and methods
Study included 50 formalin fixed cadavers aged between 40–65 years. The colic branches arising from SMA were dissected to trace their mode of origin, branching pattern and territorial supply. Based on the mode of origin of the colic branches, the SMA anatomy was classified into four patterns (I, II a, b, c, III and IV).
Results
SMA itself showed variations in its origin (as celiaco-mesenteric and hepato-mesenteric trunk), so the colic branches arising from it. In most of the cases middle (MCA), right (RCA) and ileocolic artery (ICA) originated independently from SMA (I). A common stem (CS) was reported between MCA and RCA (IIa) in seven cases; RCA & ICA in one (IIb); MCA & LCA in one. MCA originated from coeliac trunk (CT) in one case. One case each of absent RCA (III) and accessory artery arising from SMA (IV) was also noticed. In one case, right branch of MCA given origin to RCA. Additionally, close association was observed between pattern IIa and incomplete inter-colic anastomosis.
Conclusion
Variations in the origin of SMA may potentially influence branching patterns of colic arteries. MCA is the most variant and ICA is the most consistent branch of SMA. Distinctive variations like MCA arising from CT or arising as CS with LCA and incomplete inter-colic anastomosis in pattern IIa are of outrageous importance for operating surgeons during surgical procedures of colon. Based on study results, we propose modification in the classification of SMA anatomy to include the CS of MCA & LCA as type IId, however its success relies upon universal acceptance.
Welding Analysis and Optimization of Ultra- Sonic Welding in HDPE-5%PBI Composite by CODAS Decision-Making Approach
Authors: M Ramesh , Kavan Panneerselvam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Engineering plastics are increasingly being used in structural and non-structural applications. As the need for plastics grows, so do the joining requirements. Ultrasonic welding is one of the favoured processes for polymer composites among numerous approaches, especially for bonding plates, automotive panel boards and couplings due to its joint quality and low cost. The High-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix was reinforced with 5 wt.% of polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibre by twin screw extrusion process and welding samples were prepared using injection moulding. In this study, Ultrasonic welding was used to connect 4-mm-thick lapped HDPE-5wt. % PBI composites. Taguchi-based L27 orthogonal array was employed for experiments to study the lateral shear strength (LSS) and Shore-D-Hardness for the input parameters (i) weld duration (30,45 and 60 ms), (ii) Amplitude (19,20 and 21 Hz) and (iii) Horn pressure (1.5,2 and 2.5 MPa). The relevance of the parameters affecting shear strength and hardness of weld was studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ultrasonic welding process was carried out, and the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was used to optimise the process parameters. To determine the optimal amount of input parameters for multi-objective optimization criteria on Shear strength and Shore D Hardness, entropy approach weights 0.5, 0.5 are combined with combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) technique. From CODAS assessment the relative evaluation score of 2.444 was achieved by the twenty fifth experiment having the input parameters (IP) at 60 ms welding time, Amplitude of 21 Hz and Pressure at 2.5 MPa. Fractography and weld morphology of welded joints were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Complete mitochondrial genome revealed different taxonomic assignment of the fungus Pleurocordyceps sinensis (Hypocreales, Ascomycota)
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Yong-Hui , Lin Jie , Wang Ke , Wang Ren-Lei , Zhao Xin-Chang , Yao Yi-Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Pleurocordyceps sinensis, a fungus originally isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis was sequenced, and assembled as a single circular DNA of 31,841 bp. The mt genome encoded 15 conserved proteins (rps3, cox1, cox2, cox3, cob, atp6, atp8, atp9, nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5 and nad6), 2 rRNA (rnl and rns) and 25 tRNA, as well as 10 additional non-conserved open reading frames. Comparative analyses showed that mt genomes within the order Hypocreales encoded same number and synteny of conserved protein coding genes despite an obvious size variation among this group of fungi. Phylogenetic analyses using 14 conserved protein sequences revealed that this fungus may not belong to the current designated family Ophiocordycipitaceae but is more closely related to the species of Clavicipitaceae. The mt genome presented herein would aid to clarify the phylogenetic position of species of Polycephalomyces s. l. and also gave valuable information on reconstructing the evolutionary history of clavicipitaceous fungi.
Exploring the Prevalence and Impact of Hip and Knee Pain in Pulmonary Rehabilitation: a Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Briggs-Price Samuel , Daynes Enya , Chaplin Emma , Ward Sarah , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Singh Sally J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMusculoskeletal pain is more common in individuals with chronic respiratory diseases than the aged-matched general population. This investigation aimed to understand the prevalence and impact of hip and knee pain on Pulmonary Rehabilitation outcomes and completion rates.MethodsParticipants who experienced hip/knee pain in the 4 weeks prior to Pulmonary Rehabilitation completed an Oxford Hip and/or Knee Score alongside a routine Pulmonary Rehabilitation assessment. Participants engaged in a twice-weekly, 6-week outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation programme. A 1:1 propensity score match for age, sex, BMI, sessions attended and MRC score was completed prior to group comparison for a Pulmonary Rehabilitation cohort without hip/knee painResults6.5% (n=97) of Pulmonary Rehabilitation participants reported pain: hip (n=27), knee (n=40) or hip and knee pain (n=30). 75 participants with hip/knee pain provided sufficient data for pre Pulmonary Rehabilitation matching and were propensity matched with a Pulmonary Rehabilitation group without hip/knee pain. The average Oxford Score across all reported joints was 28.7 (8.5) indicating moderate/severe pain at baseline. Statistically significant improvements were made in Oxford Scores for the left hip, left knee and right knee (P<0.01) but not the right hip following Pulmonary Rehabilitation. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for improvements in quadriceps strength, walking tests or depression scores, both groups achieved within group significance. There were no significant differences in Pulmonary Rehabilitation completion rates between groups.ConclusionsPrevalence of hip/knee pain in individuals presenting to Pulmonary Rehabilitation is 6.5%. Pain improved in the majority of joints following Pulmonary Rehabilitation and pain did not impact the effectiveness or completion of the programme.Trial RegistrationThis trial has not been registered in a public domain
CircCUX1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by the microRNA 500a-3p/MUC4/β-catenin/C-MYC Axis and Is Regulated by ELAVL1
Authors: Zhou Jingyu , Sun Xudong , Wang Jiaqi , Zhou Lei , Gao Hong , Jiang Tao , Song Hu , Zhang Yi , Song Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Noncoding circRNAs becoming an increasingly prominent topic of scientific study in a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in colorectal cancer(CRC) remain have not been described in detail.
Methods
Sanger sequencing, RT-qPCR and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to analyse the expression and localization of circCUX1.The biological function of circCUX1 in CRC was studied by using CCK8, colony formation, EDU, Transwell and metastasis models. In terms of mechanism, western blot, luciferase reporter gene detection, RIP, ChIRP were performed.
Results
CircCUX1 was overexpressed in both cells and tissues from CRC patients. CircCUX1 overexpression was strongly linked with clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal patients. Functionally, CircCUX1 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circCUX1 sponged miR-500a-3p to upregulate MUC4 expression, thereby promoting the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and finally promoting C-MYC transcription. On the other hand, circCUX1 recruited ELAVL1 to increased C-MYC stability.
Conclusions
Our study for the first time reveals the specific mechanisms by which circCUX1 regulates CRC progression through two pathways, and provides a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
One-stage freehand minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with mini-access surgery through OLIF approach for the treatment of lumbar tuberculosis
Authors: Gu Yutong , Fan Wenshuai , Yang Guangling , Zhou Tianyao , Chen Yanchao , Gao Zhenchao , Zhou Weili 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare one-stage freehand minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation (freehand MIPS) combined with mini-access surgery through OLIF approach with posterior approach for treatment of lumbar tuberculosis (TB), and evaluate its feasibility, efficacy and safety in debridement, bone graft fusion and internal fixation. Methods: 48 patients with single segment lumbar TB from June 2014 to June 2017 were included. Among them, 22 patients underwent one-stage freehand MIPS combined with mini-access surgery through OLIF approach (group 1), 26 patients were treated with posterior open surgery (group 2). Duration of operation, blood loss, and stay time in hospital were compared. Pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complications and images were also recorded. Results: Patients in group 1 showed significantly less blood loss (165±73ml vs 873±318ml, P<0.001), shorter stay time in hospital (6/4-8 days vs 12/8-15days, P<0.001), while longer duration of operation (185±14min vs 171±12min, P<0.001) than group 2 did. VAS scores significantly decreased after surgery in both groups, however, VAS scores of group 1 were significantly lower than that of group 2 immediately after surgery and during follow-ups (P<0.001). ODI of group 1 was also significantly lower than that of group 2 at 12-month after surgery (P<0.001). Conclusion: One-stage freehand MIPS combined with mini-access surgery through OLIF approach is a feasible, efficient and safe method in treating single segment lumbar TB. It shows advantages of less surgical trauma and faster postoperative recovery.
Heavy Metals In Commonly Consumed Root And Leafy Vegetables In Dhaka City, Bangladesh, And Assessment Of Associated Public Health Risks
Authors: Sultana Romana , Tanvir Rahamat Ullah , Hussain Kazi Albab , Chamon Afrose Sultana , Mondol Md. Nadiruzzaman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Excess accumulation of heavy metals in frequently consumed food (e.g., vegetables, fruits) is a serious threat to human health. The concentration of heavy metals in four root vegetables and five leafy vegetables collected from the Kawran Bazar fresh vegetable market of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were analyzed. Average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were also estimated to assess the human health risks posed by the intake of heavy metals from the consumption of the studied vegetables. Apparent differences in the concentration of heavy metals present in different vegetables were observed. Results: The presence and degree of contamination was assessed for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Concentrations of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Cu exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) in some root vegetables. Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe concentration were higher in most studied leafy vegetables. ADI was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in most cases except Cr (0.202 mg/person∙day) and Fe (19.681 mg/person∙day) for the consumption of turnip and mint, respectively. Hazard quotient of Cr for turnip (1.121) and Zn for spinach (1.104), as well as the hazard indices of turnip (1.541), mustard (1.663), spinach (2.113), coriander (1.925), and mint (2.834), exceeded unit value, signifying potential health hazard from the dietary intake of the studied vegetables. Conclusions: Higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in leafy vegetables compared to the root vegetables. Hence, the consumption of leafy vegetables has higher potential health risks than root vegetables. This study suggests that regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables is essential to prevent health risks associated with consuming heavy metal contaminated vegetables.
Simulating Derivations of Context-Free Grammar
Authors: VAYADANDE KULDEEP 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As opposed to automata, grammars are used to generate strings instead of identifying them. The use of regular languages and finite automata is simple and restrictive. Context-Free Grammar or CFG is a formal grammar used to produce all possible combinations of strings in a given formal language. Context-Free Grammar consists of a set of grammar rules which are finite and predetermined. In computer science, a CFG is said to be ambiguous if a given string could be generated by the grammar in more than one way. Syntax of high-level programming languages, Parser programs and compiler design can be described using Context-Free Grammar. This paper presents a method to implement the derivations of Context-Free Grammar using Python. By applying an appropriate production rule to the leftmost non-terminal in each step, a leftmost derivation is obtained. On the contrary, by applying the appropriate production rule to the rightmost non-terminal in each step, a rightmost derivation is obtained.
Effects of Methanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds (PDS) on blood glucose levels of normoglycemic and Dexamethasone induced Diabetic rabbits
Authors: Abdullah Ahlam , Al-bokai Nuha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluating anti-diabetic potential of the Methanolic extract of date palm seed (PDS) in dexamethasone (DMTZ) -induced diabetic rabbits. Dates have been used as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The seeds of the date palm have also been shown to have nutritional and therapeutic properties.
Materials and Methods
The intraperitoneal injection of Dexamethasone (DMTZ) (150 mg/kg), experimental diabetes was induced in 42 male rabbits. The rabbits were divided into seven groups and administered the following treatments orally for 30 days: normal control (no treatment), placebo group, diabetic (no treatment), diabetic with PDS extract (200 mg/kg/day, P.O), diabetic with PDS extract (400 mg/kg/day, P.O), diabetic with PDS extract (400 mg/kg/day, P.O) with insulin (2UI/ kg B.Wt.), and diabetic with insulin (2UI/ kg B.Wt.). Histopathological examination of the pancreas was performed. The results are expressed as mean ± SD and variations of some organizations of some animals were compared in the using of one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical evaluation was performed using Microsoft Excel, and SPSS software version.
Results
The Methanolic PDS extract has been shown to have a significant anti-diabetic effect (P ≤ 0.05). This effect may be due to the presence of flavonoids and fatty acids in the extract, which could function through different mechanisms. Furthermore, pancreas tissue regeneration was histologically clean. However, further research is needed to isolate and elucidate the bioactive compound(s) responsible for its anti-diabetic properties, as well as its molecular mechanism of action.
Conclusion
This study suggests the anti-diabetic potential of date palm seed extract, which might be due to its hypoglycemic properties
Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on the OPD patients of Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology in India- A Cross-Sectional Research Study
Authors: Kumar Piyush 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The First global covid-19 patient was reported from Wuhan city in China (Hubei Province) during December 2019. India’s first suspected patient of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported on 27th of January 2020, from Kerala state, which had a travel history of Wuhan city in china. This suspected case was tested and reported as the first covid-19 positive case by the (NIV) National Institute of Virology, Pune, on January 30, 2020. The government of India like other global countries responded to this novel disease by enforcing complete nationwide lockdown starting on 25/03/2020 and ending on 31/05/2020. In this cross-sectional research study, I had done assessment of the impact of covid-19 induced lockdown on OPD patients of few non communicable diseases (NCD). The data for different quantitative variables were collected for 12 months before and after lockdown, observed, analyzed for the years 2019, 2020, 2021. The complete lockdown period of April-May 2020 is compared with the previous 12 months of lockdown (including period of March 2020 which had only last 7 days of complete lockdown) as well as later 12 months. Also the lockdown months (April-May-2020) were compared to previous (April-May-2019) as well as next (April-May-2021) year same months. Here the researcher would like to emphasize that different months of years may have different numbers of patients due to seasonal and geographical variations in prevalence of diseases. The researcher had included the month of March 2020 in order to show the trends of OPD numbers to closest timeline before the lockdown. The OPD (outpatient Department) services for the patients of significant NCD burden such as Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology were selected for this study-analysis to assess the difference between pre and post intervention (lockdown). The author previous preprints on this research study are mentioned in note and acknowledgement. This research study revealed that COVID-19 induced lockdown period have negative impact on NCD (non-communicable disease) - OPD health services utilization. Non-communicable diseases are the major burden of disease in India as well as at global levels. The researcher had done this study to draw the attention of policy makers and governments to give more attention on emphasis and priority for NCDs care in any situations of emergency like pandemic and natural calamities, lockdowns etc which usually disrupt routine healthcare. Routine healthcare is very essential and significant in context of chronic diseases which can be converted to acute emergency conditions like CVA due to lack of care and proper-timely treatments.
Optimizing the secondary use of primary care prescribing data to improve quality of care: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Barbazza Erica , Verheij Robert , Ramerman Lotte , Klazinga Niek , Kringos Dionne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives. To explore available data sources, secondary uses, and key considerations for optimizing the actionability of primary care prescribing data to improve quality of care in the Dutch context.Design. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews. We anchored our investigation around three tracer prescription types: antibiotics; benzodiazepines; and opioids. Descriptive and explanatory themes were derived from interview data using thematic analysis.Setting. Stakeholders were sampled from across the micro (clinical), meso (organizational), and macro (policy) contexts of the Dutch primary care system.Participants. The study involved 28 informants representing general practitioners (GPs), community pharmacists, regional chronic care networks (care groups), academia and research institutes, insurers, professional associations, electronic health record (EHR) vendors, and national authorities.Results. In the Netherlands, three main sources of data for improving prescribing in primary care are in use: clinical data in the EHRs of GP practices; pharmacy data in community pharmacy databases; and claims data of insurers. While the secondary use of pharmacy and claims data is well-established across levels, the use of these data together with EHR data is limited. Important differences in the types of prescribing information needed by micro-meso-macro context are found, though the extent to which current indicators address these varies by prescription type. Five main themes were identified as areas for optimizing data use: (1) measuring what matters, (2) increasing data linkages, (3) improving data quality, (4) facilitating data sharing, and (5) optimizing fit for use analysis.Conclusions. To make primary care prescribing data useful for improving quality, consolidated patient-specific data on the indication for a prescription and dispensed medicine, over time, is needed. In the Netherlands, the selection of indicators requires further prioritization to better signal the appropriateness and long-term use of prescription drugs. Prioritizing data linkages is critical towards more actionable use.
The design process of the chassis of a prototype vehicle for Shell Eco-marathon
Authors: Odi-Owei Steven , Anisiji Emeka Obiora , Erukainure Frank Efe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design, modelling, and fabrication procedures for the chassis of a prototype car with the aim of achieving the objectives: rigid and high strength chassis, reduced vehicle weight, driver safety, and an energy efficient vehicle. The novelty of this work is that it demonstrates how aluminium alloy could be used to construct non-integrated chassis for super mileage vehicles through a load-stress calculation model. Furthermore, a method of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was presented which achieves the same result as the analytical calculation. The work also presents a method of fabricating aluminium square tube for the chassis by joining two angle bars. The results show that the FEA approach agrees with the analytical design model thereby reducing the time consumed in conceptual design process. The fabricated chassis was found to show no cracks and it was able to resist bending and shear from the loads acting on the vehicle in line with the design data. The energy efficiency recorded from the first test-run of the vehicle was 250 km/L of gasoline. The methods presented could be characterized as accurate and reliable for manufacturers of super mileage racing cars for Shell Eco-marathon events.