bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Sleep Disturbance and Malnutrition on Late-Life Depression Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Hwang Gyubeom , Cho Yong Hyuk , Kim Eun Jwoo , Woang Ji Won , Hong Chang Hyung , Roh Hyun Woong , Son Sang Joon 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLate-life depression is a complex phenomenon that cannot be fully understood simply as depression occurring in older adults, prompting researchers to suggest that it represents a component of geriatric syndrome. Given the inherent complexity and multifactorial nature of geriatric syndrome, understanding the interactions between the comorbid conditions involved is important for establishing appropriate preventive strategies. While sleep disturbance and malnutrition are common manifestations of geriatric syndrome, they have also been regarded as indicators of late-life depression. However, the differential effects of sleep disturbance and malnutrition on late-life depression and their interrelationships remain unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of sleep disturbance and malnutrition on depression and the interactions between them among community-dwelling older adults.MethodsSleep disturbance and malnutrition in 1,029 community-dwelling older adults from Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), respectively. The Korean version of the Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic parameters were recorded. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of sleep and nutrition on depressive symptoms after adjusting for covariates. The effect size and conditional effects of sleep disturbance and malnutrition on late-life depression were assessed using Cohen’s f2 values and the Johnson–Neyman technique, respectively.ResultsAfter possible confounders were adjusted, the SGDS-K score was positively associated with the PSQI score (standardized beta = 0.166, P &lt; 0.001) and negatively associated with the MNA score (standardized beta = −0.480, P &lt; 0.001). The local effect size of the associations was small for PSQI and medium for MNA. A significant interaction was observed between the PSQI and MNA scores. The result of the Johnson–Neyman technique indicated that the influence of PSQI on SGDS-K became weaker and insignificant as nutritional status worsened. However, the association between the MNA and SGDS-K scores was significant regardless of PSQI.ConclusionBoth sleep disturbance and malnutrition were significantly associated with late-life depression, although malnutrition may be more critically associated with depression than sleep disturbance in community-dwelling older adults.
Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Depression, Illness Perception, and Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Shan Qu , Xinxin Shi , Zhijuan Xie , Rongjing Ding , Minjie Zheng 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAF Patients with depression resulted in a markedly reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsIt was A longitudinal randomized controlled trial with a pre and 12-weeks post-test. Ninety persons were randomly assigned to either a CBT group (CBT) (n = 45) or a treatment as usual (TAU) group (n = 45). The outcome were changes in the HRQoL [12-item Short Form Health Survey, SF12, divided into two domains: the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS)], changes in psychological distress [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)], and Illness Perception [Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ)].ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in score reduction for PHQ-9 (t = 3.186, P = 0.002), HAMD (t = 2.611, P = 0.011), BIPQ (t = 7.660, P &lt; 0.001), and MCS (t = 4.301, P &lt; 0.001) between CBT group and TAU group.ConclusionsCBT improved HRQoL, Illness Perception and reduced Depressive symptoms in atrial fibrillation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lipid Signatures in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bharti Veni , Bhardwaj Aseem , Elias David A. , Metcalfe Arron W. S. , Kim Jong Sung 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundResearch assessing lipid levels in individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has yielded mixed results. This study aimed to employ meta-analytic techniques to characterize the relationship between the levels of lipid profiles and PTSD.MethodsWe performed meta-analyses of studies comparing profiles and levels of lipids between PTSD patients and healthy individuals by searching Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases for the studies until March 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models with the restricted maximum-likelihood estimator to synthesize the effect size assessed by standardized mean difference (SMD) across studies.FindingsA total of 8,657 abstracts were identified, and 17 studies were included. Levels of total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = 0.57 95% CI, 0.27–0.87, p = 0.003), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.19–0.76, p = 0.004), and triglyceride (TG) (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70, p = 0.001) were found to be higher, while levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD = –0.47, –0.88 to –0.07, p = 0.026) were found to be lower in PTSD patients compared to healthy controls. Subgroup analysis showed that TG levels were higher in PTSD patients who were on or off of psychotropic medications, both &lt; 40 and ≥ 40 years of age, and having body mass index of &lt; 30 and ≥ 30 compared to healthy controls.InterpretationThis work suggested dysregulation of lipids in PTSD that may serve as biomarker to predict the risk. The study will be useful for physicians considering lipid profiles in PTSD patients to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Open-Label Placebo Administration Decreases Pain in Elderly Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Olliges Elisabeth , Stroppe Sabine , Haile Anja , Reiß Fabienne , Malhis Marwa , Funke Susanne A. , Meissner Karin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRecent studies indicate that the administration of open-label placebos (OLP) can improve symptoms in various medical conditions. The primary aim of this 3-week randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of OLP treatments on pain, functional disability, and mobility in patients with arthritic knee pain.MethodsSixty patients (55% females; mean age, 66.9 ± 9.7 SD years) were randomized to one of two OLP treatments (n= 41) or no treatment (NT;n= 19). OLP treatments were accompanied by the verbal suggestion “to decrease pain” (OLP-pain,n= 20) or “to improve mood” (OLP-mood,n= 21). Pain and mood levels were monitored on 11-point Numeric Rating Scales (NRSs) in a patient diary, and global clinical improvement (CGI-I) was assessed at the end of the study. At baseline and after 21 days, patients filled in validated questionnaires to assess symptoms and functional disability of the knee (WOMAC), mental and physical quality of life (SF-36), state anxiety (STAI-state), perceived stress (PSQ-20), and self-efficacy (GSE). In addition, knee mobility (neutral zero-method), heart rate variability (HRV), and diurnal cortisol levels were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsEvaluation of daily pain ratings indicated significant pain decrease in the OLP groups compared to NT (p= 0.013,d= 0.64), with no difference between the OLP-pain and the OLP-mood groups (p= 0.856,d= 0.05). OLP treatment also improved WOMAC pain (p= 0.036,d= 0.55), again with no difference between the two OLP groups (p= 0.65,d= 0.17). WOMAC function and stiffness, knee mobility, stress, state anxiety, quality of life, and self-efficacy did not change differently between groups.ConclusionOLP treatment improved knee pain in elderly patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), while functional disability and mobility of the knee did not change. The content of the verbal suggestion was of minor importance. OLP administration may be considered as supportive analgesic treatment in elderly patients with symptomatic knee OA.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (https://www.drks.de/), DRKS00015191 (retrospectively registered).
Altered EEG Microstates Dynamics During Cue-Induced Methamphetamine Craving in Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Lin Qianqian , Li Dongxu , Hu Cheng , Shen Zhihua , Wang Yongguang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCue-induced craving is widely considered to be the most important risk factor for relapse during abstinence from methamphetamine (Meth). There is limited research regarding electroencephalography (EEG) microstates of Meth-dependent patients under exposure to drug-related cues. Our objective was to investigate whether EEG microstate temporal characteristics could capture neural correlates of cue-induced Meth craving in virtual reality (VR) environments.MethodsEEG recordings of 35 Meth-dependent patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were collected during eyes-open state and cue-induced state, respectively. Group differences and condition differences in temporal parameters of four microstate classes were compared.ResultsThe results demonstrated the greater presence of microstate B in both Meth-dependent patients and HCs during the cue-induced condition, compared to resting state. In addition, for Meth-dependent patients, microstate C occurred significantly less frequently, along with a tendency of increased occurrence for class D during the cue-induced condition, compared to resting state. However, the change direction of class C and class D in HCs was completely opposite to that of Meth-dependent patients. The cue-induced condition also elicited different changes in transition probability between Meth-dependent patients and HCs.ConclusionThis study explored the features of EEG microstates in Meth-dependent patients during the cue-induced condition, which can improve our understanding of Meth addiction and contribute to the development of effective assessments and intervention tools.
Inadequate Hand Washing, Lack of Clean Drinking Water and Latrines as Major Determinants of Cholera Outbreak in Somali Region, Ethiopia in 2019
Authors: Challa Jemal Mussa , Getachew Tamirat , Debella Adera , Merid Melkamu , Atnafe Genanaw , Eyeberu Addis , Birhanu Abdi , Regassa Lemma Demissie 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCholera remains a serious public health problem characterized by a large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical low-income countries including Ethiopia. The recent cholera outbreak in the Somali region began on 4 September to 1 November 2019. Cholera may spread rapidly through a population so that an early detection and reporting of the cases is mandatory. This study aimed to identify determinants of cholera infection among &gt;5 years of age population in Somali region, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 228 (76 cases and 152 controls, 1:2 ratio) systematically selected population. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer and a record review. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of the risk factors of cholera infection with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared a tap-value &lt; 0.05.ResultsA total of 228 participants (33.3% cases and 66.7% controls) were enrolled in this study. The majority of the cases were in the range of 20–49 years of age (69.7%). The odds of acquiring cholera infection increased significantly by drinking unsafe pipe water (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.65–11.2), not having a household level toilet/latrine (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 1.57–6.76), hand washing only sometimes after the toilet (AOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.58–5.86) and not using water purification methods (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.13–4.54).ConclusionMajor risk factors for cholera infection were related to drinking water and latrine hygiene. Improvement in awareness creation about cholera prevention and control methods, including water treatment, hygiene and sanitation were crucial in combating this cholera outbreak. Primary public health actions are ensuring clean drinking water, delivery of water purification tablets, soap and hand sanitizers and provision of health care and outbreak response. Long term goals in cholera affected areas include comprehensive water and sanitation strategies. Overall, the strategic role of a multi-sectoral approach in the design and implementation of public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling cholera are essential to avert cholera outbreaks. Preparedness should be highlighted in cholera prone areas like Somali region especially after drought periods.
Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Butorphanol in Continuous Analgesia after a Cesarean Section
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Yalin , Li Fulong , Ren Wei , Yuan Li 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe present study is designed to study the analgesic and sedative effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol in continuous analgesia after a cesarean section.MethodsA total of 60 puerperae undergoing a cesarean section recruited from a single center were divided into three groups according to the postoperative continuous analgesia protocol: control group (100 mL of normal saline containing 10 µg/kg fentanyl and 0.25 mg of palonosetron, 2 mL/h for continuous analgesia for 48 h), DB1 group (100 mL of normal saline containing 1.0 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, 4 mg of butorphanol, 10 µg/kg fentanyl, and 0.25 mg of palonosetron, 2 mL/h for continuous analgesia for 48 h), and DB2 group (100 mL normal saline containing 2.0 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, 4 mg of butorphanol, 10 µg/kg fentanyl, and 0.25 mg of palonosetron, 2 mL/h for continuous analgesia for 48 h). We compared the blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, VAS score, Ramsay score, and adverse reactions of puerperae among the three groups after surgery.ResultsThe baseline data all have no significant difference in the three groups (p &gt; 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and VAS score of the puerperae in the DB1 group and DB2 group were significantly decreased at 6, 24, and 48 h (P &lt; 0.05), while the Ramsay scores of the puerperae in DB1 group and DB2 group were significantly increased at 6, 24, and 48 h (p &lt; 0.05). At the same time, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and VAS score of the puerperae in the DB2 group were significantly lower than those in the DB1 group (P &lt; 0.05), while the Ramsay scores of the puerperae in DB2 group were significantly higher than those in the DB1 group (P &lt; 0.05). Also, there is no significant difference in oxygen saturation and adverse reactions of puerperae among the three groups after surgery (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionDexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol can improve the analgesic and sedative effects in continuous analgesia after a cesarean section, and the analgesic and sedative effects of dexmedetomidine in the high-dose group are better than those in the low-dose group.
Feasibility of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery via Subxiphoid Approach in Anterior Mediastinal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Yuxiang , He Feng , Wu Qingchen , Shi Haoming , Chen Dan , Tie Hongtao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAccumulating researches show potential advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) via the subxiphoid approach, and this meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of the subxiphoid approach for anterior mediastinal surgery.MethodsRelevant studies were retrieved by searching Embase and PubMed databases (from the inception to October 1, 2021). Primary outcomes included postoperative pain, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, chest tube duration, and hospital length of stay. All meta-analyses were performed by using random-effects models.ResultsOverall, 14 studies with 1,279 patients were included, with 504 patients undergoing anterior mediastinal surgery via subxiphoid approach and 775 via other approaches. The pooled results indicated that the subxiphoid approach was associated with reduced postoperative pain indicated by visual analog scale [weight mean difference (WMD): 24 h: −2.27, 95% CI, −2.88 to −1.65, p &lt; 0.001; 48–72 h: −1.87, 95% CI, −2.53 to −1.20, p &lt; 0.001; 7 days: −0.98, 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.61, p &lt; 0.001], shortened duration of chest tube drainage (WMD: −0.56 days, 95% CI, −0.82 to −0.29, p &lt; 0.001), shortened hospital length of stay (WMD: −1.46 days, 95% CI, −2.28 to −0.64, p &lt; 0.001), and reduced intraoperative blood loss (WMD: −26.44 mL, 95% CI, −40.21 to −12.66, p &lt; 0.001) by comparison with other approaches in anterior mediastinal surgery. Besides, it has no impact on operation time and the incidence of complications of transition to thoracotomy, postoperative pleural effusion, phrenic nerve palsy, and lung infection.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the subxiphoid approach is a feasible alternative approach and even can be a better option for anterior mediastinal surgery. Further, large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this finding.
Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in Vaginal Samples
Authors: Kebbi-Beghdadi Carole , Aeby Sebastien , Baud David , Greub Gilbert 
Published: May 2022

Chlamydia trachomatis is an important cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Western countries. It is often asymptomatic, and thus, left untreated, and can have severe negative consequences, such as tubal infertility or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Other sexually transmitted microorganisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as normal residents of the vaginal flora, such as genital mycoplasmas, also negatively impact human sexual and reproductive health. We evaluated the reliability of the Seegene Allplex STI Essential Assay for C. trachomatis detection using the real-time qPCR routinely used in our diagnostic laboratories as the gold standard. The Seegene assay displayed a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 98.9%. As this assay can also detect six other urogenital pathogens, we applied it to 404 samples from women who attended Lausanne University Maternity Hospital and obtained the following prevalence rates: 2.5% for C. trachomatis, 3.5% for Mycoplasma hominis, 6.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, and 27.7% for Ureaplasma parvum. Two samples were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis, and one sample was positive for Mycoplasma genitalium. Bacterial vaginosis was present in 4.5% of the cases and was strongly associated with M. hominis. Finally, we confirmed the association between C. trachomatis infection and pre-term birth (p = 0.03) but could not detect any association of this condition with other urogenital pathogens (Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma). In conclusion, given its high sensitivity and specificity for C. trachomatis DNA detection as well as its multiplex format, which simultaneously provides results for six other urogenital pathogens, the Seegene Allplex™ STI Essential Assay represents an appealing diagnostic tool in modern microbiology laboratories.
Change in treatment burden among people with multimorbidity: a follow-up survey
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda O , Roderick Paul , Harris Scott , Morris James E , Smith Dianna , Walsh Bronagh , Roberts Helen C , Dambha-Miller Hajira , Tan Qian Yue , Watson Forbes , Fraser Simon DS 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTreatment burden is the effort required of patients to look after their health and the impact this has on their functioning and wellbeing. Little is known about change in treatment burden over time for people with multimorbidity.AimTo quantify change in treatment burden, determine factors associated with this change, and evaluate a revised single-item measure for high treatment burden in older adults with multimorbidity.Design and settingA 2.5-year follow-up of a cross-sectional postal survey via six general practices in Dorset, England.MethodGP practices identified participants of the baseline survey. Data on treatment burden (measured using the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire; MTBQ), sociodemographics, clinical variables, health literacy, and financial resource were collected. Change in treatment burden was described, and associations assessed using regression models. Diagnostic test performance metrics evaluated the revised single-item measure relative to the MTBQ.ResultsIn total, 300 participants were recruited (77.3% response rate). Overall, there was a mean increase of 2.6 (standard deviation 11.2) points in treatment burden global score. Ninety-eight (32.7%) and 53 (17.7%) participants experienced an increase and decrease, respectively, in treatment burden category. An increase in treatment burden was associated with having >5 long-term conditions (adjusted β 8.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.20 to 12.32) and living >10 minutes (versus ≤10 minutes) from the GP (adjusted β 3.88, 95% CI = 1.32 to 6.43), particularly for participants with limited health literacy (mean difference: adjusted β 9.59, 95% CI = 2.17 to 17.00). The single-item measure performed moderately (sensitivity 55.7%; specificity 92.4%.ConclusionTreatment burden changes over time. Improving access to primary care, particularly for those living further away from services, and enhancing health literacy may mitigate increases in burden.
The frequency and nature of prescribing problems by GPs-in-training (REVISiT): a retrospective review
Authors: Salema Nde-Eshimuni , Bell Brian G , Marsden Kate , Gookey Gill , Swanwick Glen , Bassi Mindy , Mehta Rajnikant , Silcock Nick , Avery Anthony J , Knox Richard 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrescribing errors can cause significant morbidity and occur in about 5% of prescriptions in English general practices.AimTo describe the frequency and nature of prescribing problems in a cohort of GPs-in-training to determine whether they need additional prescribing support.Design & settingA primary care pharmacist undertook a retrospective review of prescriptions issued between 9 October 2014 and 11 March 2015 by 10 GPs in their final year of training from 10 practices in England.MethodPre-existing standards and expert panel discussion were used to classify the appropriateness of prescribing. Data were imported into Stata (version 13) to perform descriptive analysis. An individualised report highlighting prescribing errors, suboptimal prescribing, and areas of good practice identified during the review was shared with the GPs-in-training and their trainers. This report was used to guide discussions during the GP-in-training’s feedback session.ResultsA total of 1028 prescription items were reviewed from 643 consultations performed by 10 GPs-in-training. There were 92 prescribing errors (8.9%) and 360 episodes of suboptimal prescribing (35.0%). The most common types of error concerned medication dosages (n = 30, 32.6% of errors).ConclusionPersonalised review of prescribing revealed an error rate higher than recorded in a previous similar study mainly comprising GPs who had completed postgraduate training, and a substantially higher rate of suboptimal prescribing. A larger intervention study is now required to evaluate the effectiveness of receiving a personalised review of prescribing, and to assess its impact on patient safety.