bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness absence due to common mental disorders among precarious and non-precarious workers
Authors: Hernando-Rodriguez J , Matilla-Santander N , Almroth M , Kreshpaj B , Gunn V , Muntaner C , Bodin T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Mental health disorders have become one of the leading diagnoses causing sickness absence. Previous studies have examined the impact of single employment characteristics or working conditions on sickness absence. However, few studies have investigated the effect of a multidimensional construct of precarious employment on sickness absence. Therefore, this study aims to describe sickness absence due to common mental disorders (CMD) as a proxy for access to social security benefits among precarious and non-precarious workers with mental health problems.

Methods
Cohort register-based study of the total Swedish population aged 27 to 61 years residing in Sweden in 2016 and having mental health problems defined as being prescribed Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) in 2017 (N = 19,691). Individuals were classified as precariously employed or not based on a precarious employment score measured multidimensionally in 2016 (i.e., employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and lack of social protection). The outcome was the incidence of the first sickness absence episode due to CMD co-occurring with SSRI treatment in 2017. Logistic regression models will be performed.

Results
The following results are preliminary. Precariously employed treated with SSRI were 8,68% in 2017. The distribution of a first sickness absence episode due to common mental disorders was similar in precarious and non-precarious workers (12.35% and 12.42%, respectively). Individuals directly employed (12.20%), with multiple jobs holding (14.62%), and low-medium income levels (14%) had higher sickness absence incidence due to common mental disorders. There were slight differences by gender.

Conclusions
In these preliminary results, no differences were found between precarious and non-precarious workers with mental health problems in the distribution of sickness absence due to CMD. Further analysis will be conducted to investigate whether precarious employment is associated with sickness absences.

Key messages
Cardiovascular risk in young healthcare workers: results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Imeshtari V , Imeshtari A , La Torre G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of mortality worldwide. While cardiovascular risk (CVR) has decreased in grown adults and elderly in the last years due to innovative therapies and prevention, it seems to be rising among young adults. The aim of our study was to map the 10-year CVR in healthcare workers (HCWs) at the teaching hospital Policlinico Umberto I of Rome and identify possible determinants in order to design and implement preventive strategies.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2019 and July 2020. 525 HCWs aged 20-40 years were recruited. All participants underwent, after informed consent, medical history collection, physical examination and blood tests. CVR was measured using Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and CUORE score (CVR score developed by the Italian National Institute of Health). Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results
CVR evaluated with FRS correlated positively with age (β = 0.104, p &lt; 0.001), being a shift worker (β = 0.06, p = 0.037), and negatively with female gender (β= -0.757, p &lt; 0.001). No differences were found between being a doctor or a nurse. CVR evaluated with CUORE score correlated positively with age (β = 0.698, p &lt; 0.001), and negatively with female gender (β= -0.332, p &lt; 0.001) and being a doctor (β= -0.220, p &lt; 0.001). Inferential analysis showed low correlation between FRS and CUORE Score (R2=0.340).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that females have a lower CVR among HCWs. On the contrary, 15% of male HCWs show a CVR above the average. FRS and CUORE score indicate that advancing age determines an increase in CVR. There is a low correlation between the scores used, in fact CUORE score underestimates the CVR of shift workers while it is known that this particular category is at higher risk.

Key messages
Health literacy in higher education students: findings from a Portuguese study
Authors: Pedro AR , Rosário R , Monteiro I , Cerqueira M , Roque S , Assunção V , Brandão D , Escoval A , Ferreira PL 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Health literacy (HL) concerns the knowledge and competences of people to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. It is essential for health promotion, disease prevention and healthcare. Young adults can perform a very important role in taking a more active role in managing and protect their health, so this study aimed to identify the HL levels in the population of higher education students, according to the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT) and to evaluate its association with social and academic determinants.

Methods
A quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study was carried out based on an online survey disseminated in Portuguese universities. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression, adjusted for age, income, parents’ education, gender, and chronic disease report.

Results
In total, 4801 students were surveyed, 76% female. Of those, 44% revealed a problematic or inadequate level of HL. Those students with higher income levels (OR (95% CI), OR = 4.5 (3.4; 5.9) and whose parents had higher education levels (OR = 1.3(1.1; 1.5) had higher odds of achieving sufficient or excellent levels of HL, even after adjusting for confounders. In what concerns academic determinants, data revealed that HL tends to be sufficient or excellent among those students from health-related courses (OR = 2.0 (1.6; 2.5). In the subgroup of students from non-health-related courses, it was found that HL levels do not differ in 1st year and last year's students. However, in students from health-related courses, data revealed that a last yeaŕs students had higher odds of having sufficient or excellent HL levels compared to a 1st-year student (OR = 1.7 (1.4; 2.2).

Conclusions
This study reveals low HL levels and addresses that socioeconomic and familiar context are determinants of HL in higher education students. Future intervention studies are needed, focused on these determinants so that adequate levels of HL are achieved in higher education students.

Key messages
Health literacy of organisations – a cornerstone for fair health outcome
Authors: Magnusson M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Unhealthy food habits are included in the factors behind several severe health conditions. Their unequal distribution in the population has a complex background. Putting the problem “How can we make our resources more reachable?” instead of “How can we reach these groups?” changes focus from individual to organisational health literacy which opens windows of opportunity. A public health unit with commission to contribute to close health gaps identified a need to systematically develop its own health literacy. Critical examining was conducted by the quan/qual tool Health equlibrium methodology. Reflections on accessability and acceptability of resources offered by the unit were documented and used for methodolocigal development. Aims were to develop professional judgment on how to contribute to fair health outcome and to improve support for healthy habits. Data used were collected 2019-2021.What hinders people from healthier food habits? How can we adjust our practice? Documentation included organised breakfast-talks, food-talk with cultural interpreters, lectures with sports-club health ambassadors, health groups with people of different maternal language, meetings with parents at open pre-school, staff in health promotion commissions and elderly. Problems identified were high costs on healthy food and on travels to vending points, traditional large sugar-intake, marketing of unhealthy food to children, failure to understand information from Swedish Food Agency (except the Keyhole food labelling which was much appreciated). A model for shop-walks with cultural interpreters, more accessible versions of leaflet-materials and dialogue-meetings about food in different settings were developed. Reflections on the unit's communication lead to change of settings for meetings and refined ways to talk about parenthood, women's role and aspects of ethnicity. Systematic self-reflection strenghtens organisational health literacy and may contribute to fair health outcomes

Key messages
Do newly arrived migrants represent a COVID-19 burden? Data from the Italian information flow
Authors: Sisti LG , Di Napoli A , Petrelli A , Diodati A , Cavani A , Mirisola C , Costanzo G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Migrants who reach host countries irregularly are often perceived as increasing the COVID-19 burden. Italy is a transit and destination country for migrants who cross the Central Mediterranean route. During the pandemic, all migrants who disembarked on the Italian shores have been COVID-19 tested and quarantined. To investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population, the INMP, together with the Italian Ministry of the Interior, set a specific information flow collecting data about the infection and possible outcomes.

Methods
The observation period was from January 2021 to January 2022. COVID-19 tests used were molecular and antigenic. Positive cases detected both at the arrival and during the quarantine period, have been registered on an ad hoc INMP online platform. Migrants’ SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate (per 1,000) - with 95% CI - was therefore calculated. The Incidence Ratio (IR) was used to compare the migrants’ incidence rate with that of the resident population in Italy, in the same period and corresponding age group.

Results
Among 70,512 migrants (91% males and 9% females, all &lt;60years old) who landed in Italy during the observation period, 2,861 tested positive, with an incidence rate of 40.6 (39.1-42.1) cases per 1,000. In the same period, an incidence rate of 177.6 (177.5-177.8) has been recorded in the resident population, with an IR of 0.22 (0.22-0.23). 89.9% of cases were males and almost half (49.6%) belonged to the age group 25-39years old. 99% of cases reported no symptoms, no relevant comorbidity has been reported and no cases have been hospitalized.

Conclusions
Our findings clearly highlight the low rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in migrants reaching Italy by sea with an incidence rate that is roughly a quarter of that of the resident population, encouraging the opportunity to investigate the reasons for such an observation. Moreover, our study confirms the “healthy migrant effect” in migrants reaching Italy by sea.

Key messages
Occupational role and Covid-19 among foreign-born healthcare workers: a registry-based study
Authors: Nwaru C , Li H , Bonander C , Santosa A , Franzén S , Rosvall M , Nyberg F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown an elevated risk of Covid-19 among foreign-born healthcare workers (HCWs), but data on the distribution of the risk in different occupational roles are lacking. Such data are needed for the effective control of Covid-19 risk among HCWs. Here, we examined the risk of Covid-19 infection and hospitalization in foreign-born HCWs in different occupational roles in Sweden.

Methods
We prospectively linked occupational data (2018-2019) of 783950 employed foreign-born (20-65 years) workers to Covid-19 data registered between 1 January 2020 and 30 September 2021. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of Covid-19 infection and hospitalization in foreign-born HCWs in eight different occupational groups compared to non-HCWs, and to assess whether the associations varied by region of birth. The analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, and Covid-19 vaccination.

Results
All HCWs had a higher risk of Covid-19 outcomes than non-HCWs, but the risk differed by occupational role. Assistant nurses had the highest risk both for Covid-19 infection (HR 1.80; 95%CI 1.74-1.87) and hospitalization (HR 1.85; 95%CI 1.57-2.18); other allied HCWs had the lowest risk (infection: HR 1.23; 95%CI 1.11-1.36; hospitalization: HR 1.02; 95%CI 0.63-1.67)). In some healthcare occupations, the relative risk of Covid-19 varied by region of birth. For example, physicians and dental nurses/hygienists of African and Asian origin had a higher risk of Covid-19 infection than European-born in the same occupation. In contrast, European-born assistant nurses had a greater risk of both outcomes than non-European-born in the same occupation.

Conclusions
The risk of Covid-19 among foreign-born HCWs varied by occupational role and region of birth. Public health efforts that target occupational exposures as well as incorporate culturally responsive measures may help to reduce Covid-19 risk among foreign-born HCWs.

Key messages
Preoperative anxiety and health literacy in patients applying to the anesthesia outpatient clinic
Authors: Mutlu M , Mutlu A , Oktar D , Yelken B , Arslantas D , Unsal A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and health literacy is important for healthcare professionals to understand the needs and expectations of patients and provide them with the necessary support. The study aimed to evaluate the preoperative anxiety levels of patients who applied to the anesthesia outpatient clinic and its relationship with health literacy.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who applied to the anesthesia outpatient clinic of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital in March 2022. The questionnaire form, which was prepared by making use of the literature, was filled in by face-to-face interview method after obtaining the participants’ verbal consent. The 6 item Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) in which the scores that can be taken range from 6 to 30 and higher score means higher anxiety was used to assess the level of anxiety, and the 16 item European Health Literacy Scale Short Form was used to assess health literacy. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results
In the study group, 197 (50.3%) were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 86, with a mean of 45.7 ± 17.2 years. The median (min-max) APAIS score was 15 (6-30). There was a moderate negative correlation between the scores obtained from the APAIS and the European Health Literacy Scale Short Form (r= -0.50, p &lt; 0.01). According to the logistic regression analysis, preoperative anxiety was found to be 1.53 (%95 CI; 1.01-2.30) times higher in women, 3.49 (%95 CI; 1.23-9.94) times higher in those with low family income, and 1.61 (%95 CI; 1.07-2.42) times higher in those with type A personality.

Conclusions
More than half of the patients had preoperative anxiety. The level of preoperative anxiety decreased as the health literacy level increased.

Key messages
The Portuguese observatory on occupational psychosocial factors: contribution for public health
Authors: Fernandes C , Cotrim T , Pereira A , Silva CF , Bem-Haja P , Azevedo R , Antunes S , Pinto J Sousa , Silva I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

To achieve the goal of sustainable employment, considering the profile of the Portuguese working population (PWP), is needed a range of strategies to ensure long, productive, and sustainable careers allied with a better quality of working life, health, and wellbeing, but also with public health policies grounded on scientifically validated and reliable data. This is possible through a comprehensive working system approach that ensures workers will be mentally and physically able to remain at work by the balance between work demands and individual resources allied with public health policies transfer into the workplaces by organizations’ leadership and policy makers. The Portuguese Observatory on Occupational Factors (Popsy@Work) aims at addressing this global challenge by: i) digitally collecting psychosocial data on the PWP; ii) implementing and strengthening of a psychosocial occupational health surveillance digital system; iii) providing reference values for the PWP concerning Psychosocial Health; iv) Transferring to society knowledge and best practices; v) Raising awareness on the importance of psychosocial management in occupational settings based on science. Popsy@work is a digital platform that collects and aggregates psychosocial data analytically and creates a visualization hub adding value to data on the PWP and giving science back to society in a usable way, empowering workers, strengthening organizations and grounding public policies. Pospy@Work considers the development of strategic intelligence on levels and inequalities of psychosocial health and well-being in occupational settings by robust metrics and reference data. Creating opportunities for national policy dialogue on inequalities, including the psychosocial health of the PWP through collaboration with diverse sectors identifying and mapping subgroups of populations whose unmet needs require specific outreach measures.

Key messages
Changing life expectancy in Europe 1990-2019: Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Steel N , BauerStaeb C , Ford J , Gillam T , Schmidt J , Hughes AS 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Improvements in life expectancy have slowed in high income countries, with uncertain causes. We assessed the contribution of different causes of death to changes in life expectancy, and changes in population exposure to major risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries plus the 4 nations of the United Kingdom from 1990-2013 and 2013-2019, using the Global Burden of Disease Study. After decades of steady improvements in life expectancy, all countries experienced smaller annual improvements after 2013. Norway experienced the smallest mean annual rate of change in improvement from pre 2013 to post 2013 of 0.03 years, and Northern Ireland (followed closely by Scotland and England) experienced the largest annual reduction from pre to post 2013 of 0.25 years. The cause of death responsible for the largest reductions in life expectancy improvements after 2013 was cardiovascular disease, followed by neoplasms. The largest reductions in deaths from cardiovascular disease were attributable to seven major risk factors: high LDL cholesterol, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, and low physical activity. The risk factors for deaths from neoplasm were similar. Exposure to tobacco remains a high risk but exposure declined steadily. Exposure to the other risks generally worsened after 2013, particularly for BMI and high fasting plasma glucose. The European countries that had better maintained reductions in deaths from cardiovascular disease and neoplasms also experienced larger improvements in life expectancy. These changes were underpinned by changing exposure to major risks. Policy responses to the slowdown in life expectancy improvements should include reducing population exposure to major risks, including the broader risks from diet and low physical activity, through prevention and addressing the broad social and commercial determinants of health as well as adequate funding for health services.

Key messages
The impact of perceived discrimination on subjective health among adolescents
Authors: Kajikhina K , Koschollek C , Hövener C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Interpersonal discrimination (disc.) plays an important role for physical and mental health, througoutthe life-course and in particular during adolescence. People can experience disc., e.g. due to their physical appearance or language preferences independently of having a migration background (mb, official statistical category in Germany). Aim of this contribution is to analyse the impact of perceived disc. on subjective health and its relation to mb.

Methods
Using data from from German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) wave 2 (2014 - 2017), we analysed by logistic regression the impact of a) overall perceived disc. (≥ one indication of “sometimes” across eight dimensions), b) perceived disc. related to origin, skin colour, accent, language, dialect and c) one- and two-sided mb (one or both parents with own mb) on subjective health among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years.

Results
Among 3,558 adolescents, 21% perceived disc. in at least one of overall eight dimensions, 11% reported disc. related to their origin, skin colour or language. A one-sided mb was measured for 8,4% of participants, a two-sided mb for 20%. Perceiving overall disc. (OR = 3.29) and disc. related to origin, skin colour or language (OR = 1.91) was associated with reporting a (very) bad subjective health. Mb had no impact. Effects remain after controlling for gender, age and socioeconomic position of parents (overall disc. aOR=2.99; disc. related to origin, skin colour or language aOR=1.65).

Conclusions
Perceived disc. is associated with worse subjective health among adolescents, whereas no association with mb is observed. Epidemiological analyses solely focussing on one statistical category such as mb are insufficient as they do not consider those affected by discrimination but are not captured by mb. Differentiated analyses are necessary to elucidate explanatory mechanisms and protective factors.

Key messages
The frequency of UTIs in people who undertake intermittent catheterization: A systematic review
Authors: D'Ambrosio F , Orsini F , Scardigno A , Pappalardo C , Ricciardi R , Calabrò GE 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Intermittent Catheterization (IC) is a common procedure used for the management of incomplete bladder emptying in various diseases such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Catheterization is associated with several complications and particularly with an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) responsible for high morbidity worldwide and significant costs to health systems and society.Today, this health problem is still underestimated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the clinical and epidemiological burden of UTIs among patients performing IC.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed querying two online database (PubMed,Web of Science) from January 2012 to January 2022. All studies in English language and focused on the clinical-epidemiological burden of UTIs related to IC in the adult population were included.

Results
Overall, 43 studies were considered. It was described a range of UTIs from 26% to 63%, with an increased number of hospital admissions and length of stay. UTIs were more common in patients with spinal cord injuries (about 40%) and with multiple sclerosis (24-34%).The main risk factors associated with UTIs were catheter reuse, type of catheter and catheterization procedure adopted.

Conclusions
Data on IC-associated UTIs are still limited. Estimating the UTIs load in patients with IC could support healthcare professionals to identify the most appropriate type of catheter to reduce the risk of this important complication. Proper management of catheterization could improve patients’ quality of life and also reduce the impact of diseases associated with this procedure on health systems and society.

Key messages