bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Rice Water Weevil with a Seed Treatment, 1992:
Authors: Bernhardt J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of GUS-IG13 (X-3G43) (formerly NTN 33893) as seed treatments were compared with carbofuran (Furadan 3 G) and an untreated check for control of RWW in ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ rice. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for each variety. Plot size was 9 rows with 17.8 cm spacing X 4.88 m. Rice was drill-seeded at 123.2 kg seed/ha 28 Apr and emerged 8 May. Propanil and thiobencarb at 3.36 kg (AI)/ha each were applied 18 and 22 May for weed control. Plots were temporarily flooded (flushed) 8 May and permanently flooded 6 Jun. Urea, 151.2 and 201.6 kg/ha, was applied in a 3-way split of 84 and 133.6 kg/ha 6 Jun and 33.6 kg/ha each on 10 and 21 Jul for ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’ plots, respectively. Carbofuran was applied with a hand shaker 15 Jun. On 30 Jun and 7 Jul and on 2 and 9 Jul, 5, 10.2 x 10.2 cm (diam by depth) soil cores were removed from each plot of ‘Newbonnet’ and ‘Lemont’, respectively. Soil and plant roots were washed into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water, and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows of plots were harvested on 8 Sep with a small plot combine. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Control of Soybean Looper in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1992:
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted to evaluate insecticide efficacy against soybean looper larvae in soybean. Plots consisted of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 15 m, planted on 18 Jun in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 93.6 liters total spray/ha through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.81 kg/cm2. Treatments were applied on 31 Aug. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 2 (2 Sep) and 7 DAT (7 Sep) using 1 20-sweep sample with a standard 38.1 cm diam sweep net. Rows 2 and 3 were sampled 2 DAT and rows 4 and 5 were sampled 7 DAT. The plots received 3.0 cm rainfall on 2 Sep and 0.3 cm of rainfall on 3 Sep.
Soybean Looper Control on North Louisiana Soybean, 1992:
Authors: Thomas J. D. , Wier A. T. , Boyd M. L. , Boethel D. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides for soybean looper control was evaluated in 2 small plot insecticide trials conducted at the Macon Ridge Location, Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Treatments in both tests were applied to ‘Centennial’ soybean in the R5 growth stage on 31 Aug using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2 through TX12 hollow cone tips. Plots measured 12.2 m by 4 rows with 1.02 m row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Two sets of 25 sweep samples (38.2 cm diam sweep net) per plot were taken at 2 DAT, and 1 set of 25 sweep samples per plot was taken at 4 and 7 DAT. The test area was treated with 0.56 kg (AI)/ha of methyl parathion on 7 Aug to stimulate soybean looper populations.
Budworm and Aphid Control in Tobacco, 1992:
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Taylor J. Delano , Griffin Debbie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on 16 Mar at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied. Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 20 ft long were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. On 11 Jun, 11 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3 TX-9 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 13.7 gal/acre at 40 psi. Each treatment was reapplied on 18 Jun. Prior to the initial application, and 4 and 7 d after each treatment (DAT), the number of live budworms was recorded per 8 plants on row 2 of each plot. The number of live aphids on the 4 upper leaves on plants 2,4, and 6 on row 2 also was recorded. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT (P = 0.05).
Tobacco Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control with Foliar and Transplant Water Treatments, 1992:
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate tobacco aphid and tobacco flea beetle control on flue-cured tobacco with various insecticides applied as foliar spray and transplant water (TPW) treatments. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots on 12 May. Thirteen treatments were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 (1 row) X 40 (ca. 24 plants) ft, were separated by single untreated guard rows. TPW treatments of Orthene and NTN 33893 were applied to the base of newly transplanted plants with a measuring cup that delivered 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre). Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 26 gal/acre at 60 psi through 3, TX-10 nozzles/row on 7 Jul. Tobacco aphid populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before treatment and at 2, 9, 14 and 20 DAT. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, and graded by a USDA/AMS inspector. This information was used to calculate yield and quality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated using DMRT (P = 0.05). Aphid counts were transformed to Log10 (x + 1).
Tobacco Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control with Soil Insecticides, 1992:
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William R. , Walton Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the Ronny and Sammy Thomas Farm, Lawrenceville, VA, to evaluate tobacco aphid and tobacco flea beetle control on flue-cured tobacco with various systemic insecticides applied to the soil. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots on 29 Apr. Plots, 15.33 (4 rows) x 140 ft, were arranged in a RCB design with 8 treatments replicated 3 times. Pretransplant soil treatments of liquid insecticide form were applied with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 36 gal/acre through 8004LP tips at 30 psi on 20 Apr. Soil treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. After the other treatments had been incorporated, the Temik treatments were applied in 14-inch bands using a tractor-mounted Gandy granular applicator and were immediately covered with 6 inches of soil at bed formation. Orthene was applied in the transplant water (TPW) at 200 gal/acre. Nemacur 3EC at 1 gal/acre was applied to the entire test. Tobacco aphid populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants in each plot 3 times from 6-8 wk after transplanting. Tobacco flea beetles and flea beetle feeding holes on the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants on the 2 center rows of each plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, and graded by a USDA/AMS inspector. This information was used to calculate tobacco yield and quality. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separted by DMRT (P = 0.05). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10 (x + 1) before ANOVA.
Control of Russian Wheat Aphid (RWA) in Winter Wheat, 1989:
Authors: Tanigoshi Lynell K. , Hoeschele Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seventeen insecticides in a total of 26 combinations were evaluated for performance in controlling RWA in a lightly infested field near Connell, Franklin County, WA. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a 9 ft boom calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 30 psi. The insecticides were applied on 19 Oct (treatments 1-12) and 20 Oct (treatments 13-28) because wind increased to &gt; 5 mph before spraying could be completed. Plots were 18 x 18 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a completely RCB design. The plots were located within a block of wheat seeded on 27 Aug (seeding rate: 42 lb/acre, 18 inch row spacings). Pretreatment wheat seedlings averaged 3 tillers and main stems. Treatments were evaluated at 7 and 14 DAT. Approximately 7 plants with symptomatic tillers were taken from each plot, placed into paper bags and held in a cooler until they were placed in Berlese-Tulgren funnels later in the day. After extraction, the number of plants and tillers for each sample was recorded; aphid densities for this evaluation are expressed as number of aphids per tiller. RWA comprised 96% of the aphid species while the remaining 4% were bird cherry-oat aphids. Results were thus analyzed on the basis of the total number of aphids extracted per treatment.
Control of Greenbug in Wheat, 1990:
Authors: Johnson Donald R. , Studebaker Glenn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 11 Apr on ‘Magnum’ variety winter wheat in Lonoke County, AR. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer with a 10-ft boom equipped with TX-4 hollow cone nozzles on a 19-inch spacing. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10.5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were 10-ft wide by 20-ft long arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots were evaluated at 2 and 7 DAT by counting the number of greenbugs in a 2-ft section of row in each plot.
Imported Fire Ant Control on Non-Cropland in South MS, 1992:
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at an Industrial Park in Covington County, MS. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Each replication was 10,000 ft2. Granular applications were made on 14 May and 14 Jul. Liquid applications of Triumph 4 E were applied over the Award Bait plots on 19 May and 19 Jul. Granular formulations were applied with a ferti-lome, hand-pushed spreader. Liquids were applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer using a fan nozzle at 25 psi, and a spray volume of 3 gal per 10,000 ft2. No rainfall occurred within 24 h of any treatment. Active fire ant mounds were determined visually and by touch. Pretreatment counts were made on 14 May and post-treatment counts were made on 28 May, 11 Jun, 14 and 28 Jul, 13 Aug and 1 Sep.
Black Cutworm Control on Golf Course Greens with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1992:
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
CGA 237218 25W was evaluated against black cutworm. Treatments were duplicated on separate greens about 50 m apart. Plots were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Plot size was 8 x 8 ft. Granules were applied with a hand held glass jar shaker and liquids were applied in two liters of water with a sprinkler can. Treatments were irrigated with about ¼ inch of water about 1 h after application. Environmental conditions at treatment time (3 Aug) for Tests 1 and 2, respectively were: air temperature, 22 and 41°C; RH, 82 and 48%; overcast (fog) and partly sunny; soil temperature (1 inch), 22 arid 28°C; water pH 6.80. Treatments were evaluated at 7 DAT by treating the entire green with cyfluthrin (Tempo) at 0.04 lb(AI)/acre and counting the no. of larvae flushed to the surface after 30 min. Larvae were mostly small with 53% ranging from 5 to 10 mm long.
Evaluation of Conventional and Experimental Formulations to Manage Black Turfgrass Ataenius Grubs on Turfgrass in Westmoreland County, PA, 1992:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid, DF, WSP, and W formulations were applied with a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with top dressing to facilitate product distribution with exception to NTN 33893 0.62 G which was applied with blank granules. At treatment time (22 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 56°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 60°F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 33.0% sand, 56.6% silt, 10.4% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 29.8%; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.2; and skies were partly cloudy. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was irrigated with 0.375 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 9 d later (1 Jul). Black turfgrass ataenius grub control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of grubs present were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch cup cutter.
Preventative Management Time Studies of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Bioneem on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, PA, 1992:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 4 x 4 ft, arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 2 80O4VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 4 ft boom, operating at 28 psi. 790-800 ml of mixed solution were applied to each replicate. Treatment applications were completed on four dates as follows: 5 Aug (air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 74°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F, % RH, 65; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 47.1% silt, 12.9% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 21.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.6; and cloudy skies), 10 Aug (air temp, 90°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 82°F; % RH, 60; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 36.5% sand, 48.6% silt, 14.9% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven baked), 11.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.9; and clear skies), 20 Aug (air temp, 66°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 66°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 66°F; % RH, 100; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 48.0% silt, 12.0% clay; organic mater, 4.5%; soil moisture (oven baked), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and cloudy skies), and 24 Aug (air temp, 84°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F; % RH, 80; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 42.0% sand, 47.6% silt, 10.4% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 16.3%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and clear skies). Immediately after treatment only Turcam 76W replicates were irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were completed between 22-24 Sept. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Conventional and Experimental Formulations on a Golf Course Rough in Palmerton, PA, 1992:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (29 Sep) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 68°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 58°F; RH, 60%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 50.0% sand, 39.0% silt, 11.0% sand; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 38.8; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; and skies were overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 19 d later (18 Oct). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
Effect of Date of Application on Efficacy of Dursban and Turcam Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1992:
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 28 Apr or 12 May or on both dates to 2.6 x 2.3 m plots, which were replicated 5 times and arranged in a RCB design. The plots were established on a golf course fairway in Scarborough, NY-annual bluegrass (60%), creeping bentgrass (40%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Granular materials were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Liquid materials were applied with watering cans, using 3 liters water per plot. The entire test area received 0.6 cm irrigation 1 h after application. Soil pH was 6.2, water pH varied from 5.9 to 6.3. Product efficacy was evaluated on 15 Jun by removing 9 soil cores (5.0 cm diam) per plot and inspecting the cores under magnification in the Amherst laboratory. Insect counts were made by combining totals from 3 plug per recorded observation. These figures were converted to “Ave./0.1 m2”. At the time of sampling, the population was 13% 3rd instar, 21% 4th instar, 61% 5th instar, and 5% pupae.
Subsurface Placement of Insecticides for Control of Southern Masked Chafer Grubs, 1992
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Ali M. A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a Kentucky bluegrass golf course fairway. The turf (95% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 1.6 cm and thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 1.3 to 2.5 cm. Field conditions at the time of application were: air temperature, 25.°C; soil temperature (10-cm depth), 26.°C; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.0 to 7.0; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, 17%. Plots were 1.1 x 4.6 m and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 17 Aug; subsurface treatments were applied using a Cushman prototype subsurface applicator designed to place liquid or granular insecticides at the soilthatch interface (average depth, 1.9 cm). Conventional broadcast granular insecticide treatments were applied with a Grandy 24H12 drop spreader. Immediately following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.6 cm of water and the test area received an additional 0.6 cm of water from scheduled irrigation. During the post-treatment period, the trial area received approximately 3.8 cm of additional irrigated water. Treatments were evaluated 24 DAT on 10 Sep 1992 by removing from each plot six, 20.3 cm diam turfsoil cores (0.19 m2 total area) to a depth of 7.6 cm and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against Japanese Beetle Larvae, Golf Course Rough, 1992
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The golf course rough consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass (35%), annual bluegrass (30%), perennial ryegrass (25%), and crabgrass (10%), maintained at 4.5 to 6.0 cm. Treatment plots were 2.6 x 2.6 m, replicated 4 times, arranged in a RCB design. All applications were made 26 Aug. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with watering cans, 3 liters water per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 28°C; hazy, humid; soil type, silty loam; water pH 6.6. All plots were irrigated 0.7 cm 1.5 h after application. Product efficacy was evaluated 9 Oct (40 DAT) by cutting two 0.1 m2 samples out of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 10 cm.
Reduced Rates of Dursban Combined with Sunspray Ultrafine Spray Oil for Control of Chinch Bugs on Buffalograss, 1991
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Steinegger D. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on a buffalograss lawn in Lincoln, NE. Insecticides were applied on 15 Aug to 1.2 x 1.2 m plots arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Buffalograss was maintained at a mowing height of 10.2 cm and mowed to 5.1 cm prior to insecticide applications. Thatch accumulation ranged from 0 to 0.64 cm. Conditions at the time of application were as follows; air temperature 33°C; soil temperature (10.2 cm depth) 30°C; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.0-7.0; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture 11%. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 nozzle at 165.5 KPa and delivering 18.9 liter spray/93 m2. Immediately following application, plots were irrigated with 0.325 cm water. No rainfall occurred during the post-treatment period. Product efficacy was evaluated 5 DAT (20 Aug) by removing from each plot three turf-soil cores to a depth of 2.54 cm with a 10.8 cm diam cup cutter (0.03 m2 total area per plot). Cores were returned to the laboratory and placed in Berlese funnels. Extracted chinch bugs were counted after 48 h.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Marigolds, 1992
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. , Kearns K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Marigold plants were grown from seed in 6 inch clay pots for ten weeks (10 inches-12 inches tall) in a research greenhouse infested with whitefly at Michigan State University. The plants were watered by a drip irrigation system for 4 min each day, 3 d per wk (Mon, Wed, and Fri). Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Precounts were made from 5 leaves per plant on 21 Jul. Insecticides were applied with an R&D C02 sprayer with a single 8008 nozzle at 50 psi until runoff. Whitefly larvae and pupae on the undersides of leaves were counted on 12 Aug by sampling 5 leaves per plant.
Greenhouse Mite Control on Marigolds, 1992
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. , Kearns K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forty-two twelve-week-old (8 inch) ‘Yellow Boy’ marigold plants grown in a research greenhouse at Michigan State University were used for this experiment. The plants were grown from seed in 6-inch clay pots and were irrigated 3 times weekly via a drip irrigation system. The greenhouse was heavily infested with whiteflies. Each treatment was replicated 6 times on individual plants. However, due to a combination of whitefly and mite damage, only four of the control plants were alive on 21 and 28 Jan, and only two on 5 Feb. Precounts of 6 leaves per plant were completed on 8 Jan. Each leaf was examined under a microscope and the number of all motile forms of twospotted spider mites were counted. Spray applications of Dursban and Pageant were made on 10 and 17 Jan. Avid was applied once on 10 Jan. Insecticides were applied with a R&D C02 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 50 psi until runoff. Postcount samples were made on 21 and 28 Jan and 5 Feb by counting 6 leaves from each plant.
Harvester Ant Control in Old-Field Pastures, 1992
Authors: Ward Charles R. , Blanco-Montero Carlos A. , Neish William A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Harvester ant control was evaluated near Estancia, NM on open old-field pastureland. Treatments were randomized within blocks, replicated 6 times. Ant mounts were checked for activity, selected and marked, and counts made of active ants on and in the clear area of each mound prior to treatment. Applications were made on 9 May except bait stations for two of the replications of the Combat and Max treatments were not provisioned with bait stations until 14 May. The Award and Amdro treatments were made by spreading measured amounts of formulation over an 18.6b m2 area around the assigned mounds. All other treatments were applied by spreading measured amounts to the mound areas only. The Orthene drench was applied in 3.79 liters of water sprinkled over each mounted area. Rainfall in cm during the early part of the test was: 9 May, 0.64; 10 May, 0.38; 18 May, 0.75; 20-29 May, 3.68 (total 5.46 cm).