bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy optimization to reduce the risk of carotid blowout syndrome using normal tissue complication probability objectives
Authors: Szalkowski Gregory , Karakas Zeynep , Cengiz Mustafa , Schreiber Eric , Das Shiva , Yazici Gozde , Ozyigit Gokhan , Mavroidis Panayiotis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the possibility of further improving clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans using normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) objectives in order to minimize the risk for carotid blowout syndrome (CBOS).Methods10 patients with inoperable locally recurrent head and neck cancer, who underwent SBRT using CyberKnife were analyzed. For each patient, three treatment plans were examined: (1) cone‐based without delineation of the ipsilateral internal carotid (clinical plan used to treat the patients); (2) cone‐based with the carotid retrospectively delineated and spared; and (3) Iris‐based with carotid sparing. The dose–volume histograms of the target and primary organs at risk were calculated. The three sets of plans were compared based on dosimetric and TCP/NTCP (tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities) metrics. For the NTCP values of carotid, the relative seriality model was used with the following parameters: D50 = 40 Gy, γ = 0.75, and s = 1.0.ResultsAcross the 10 patient plans, the average TCP did not significantly change when the plans were re‐optimized to spare the carotid. The estimated risk of CBOS was significantly decreased in the re‐optimized plans, by 14.9% ± 7.4% for the cone‐based plans and 17.7% ± 7.1% for the iris‐based plans (p = 0.002 for both). The iris‐based plans had significant (p = 0.02) reduced CBOS risk and delivery time (20.1% ± 7.4% time reduction, p = 0.002) compared to the cone‐based plans.ConclusionA significant improvement in the quality of the clinical plans could be achieved through the delineation of the internal carotids and the use of more modern treatment delivery modalities. In this way, for the same target coverage, a significant reduction in the risk of CBOS could be achieved. The range of risk reduction varied depending on the proximity of carotid artery to the target.
An Efficient Steam‐Induced Heterostructured Air Electrode for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Xu Kang , Zhang Hua , Xu Yangsen , He Fan , Zhou Yucun , Pan Yuxin , Ma Jiyang , Zhao Bote , Yuan Wei , Chen Yu , Liu Meilin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of active and durable air electrodes is of great significance to the maturity of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs). This article reports the recent findings in the performance enhancement of R‐PCECs using a novel heterostructured air electrode, consisting of a double perovskite PrBaCo1.6Fe0.2Nb0.2O5+δ backbone covered with in situ exsolved nanoparticles of Nb‐deficient PrBaCo1.6Fe0.2Nb0.2−xO5+δ. Such a heterostructured electrode is induced by the benign interaction of the electrode and steam during the cell operation, showing a faster surface exchange process, as confirmed by a mapping of high‐angle annular dark‐field transmission electron microscopy image, and distribution of relaxation time analyses of the electrochemical impedance spectra. The in situ formed Nb‐deficient nanoparticles and Nb‐rich parental perovskite significantly enhance the catalytic activity and durability of the air electrode toward oxygen reduction/evolution reaction on single cells at 650 °C, achieving a peak power density of 1.059 W cm−2 in fuel cell mode, a current density of 2.148 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis cell mode, and good durability of a cycling test at ±0.5 A cm−2 for 200 h in dual modes of fuel cell and electrolysis cell.
Order–Disorder Transitions in a Polar Vortex Lattice
Authors: Zhou Linming , Dai Cheng , Meisenheimer Peter , Das Sujit , Wu Yongjun , Gómez‐Ortiz Fernando , García‐Fernández Pablo , Huang Yuhui , Junquera Javier , Chen Long‐Qing , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Hong Zijian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrder–disorder transitions are widely explored in various vortex structures in condensed matter physics, that is, in the type‐II superconductors and Bose–Einstein condensates. In this study, the ordering of the polar vortex phase in [Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3]n/(SrTiO3)n (PZT/STO) superlattices is investigated through phase‐field simulations. With a large tensile substrate strain, an antiorder vortex state (where the rotation direction of the vortex arrays in the neighboring ferroelectric layers are flipped) is discovered for short‐period PZT/STO superlattice. The driving force is the induced in‐plane polarization in the STO layers due to the large tensile epitaxial strain. Increasing the periodicity leads to antiorder to disorder transition, resulting from the high energy of the head‐to‐head/tail‐to‐tail domain structure in the STO layer. On the other hand, when the periodicity is kept constant in short‐period superlattices, the order–disorder–antiorder transition can be engineered by mediating the substrate strain, due to the competition between the induction of out‐of‐plane (due to interfacial depolarization effect) and in‐plane (due to strain) polarization in the STO layer. The 3D ordering of such polar vortices is still a topic of significant current interest and it is envisioned that this study will spur further interest toward the understanding of order–disorder transitions in ferroelectric topological structures.
Sulfonic Zwitterion for Passivating Deep and Shallow Level Defects in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Ju , Xing Xuanchang , Qian Dongmin , Wang Airu , Gu Lianghui , Kuang Zhiyuan , Wang Jingmin , Zhang Hao , Wen Kaichuan , Xu Wenjie , Niu Meiling , Du Xuerong , Yuan Lingzhi , Cao Chensi , Cao Yu , Zhu Lin , Wang Nana , Yi Chang , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemical passivation via functional additives plays a critical role in achieving high performance perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, perovskite composite films for high performance PeLEDs by using zwitterion 3‐aminopropanesulfonic acid (APS) as the additive are developed. The sulfonic group of APS can simultaneously passivate deep and shallow level defects in perovskites via coordinate and hydrogen bonding, which leads to suppressed non‐radiative recombination and ion migration in the perovskite composite films. Based on this, PeLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency of 19.2% and a half‐lifetime of 43 h at a constant current density of 100 mA cm−2 are obtained, representing one of the most stable and efficient PeLEDs under high current densities.
Column‐to‐Beam Structure House Inspired MXene‐Based Integrated Membrane with Stable Interlayer Spacing for Water Purification
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Chen Xushuai , Luo Chunjia , Gu Jincui , Li Mengru , Chao Min , Chen Xi , Chen Tao , Yan Luke , Wang Xun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTi3C2Tx (MXene) displays prominent properties in water purification due to its rich surface chemistry and physicochemical property. However, the separation property is severely restrained because of the intercalation‐induced swelling. Inspired by the column‐to‐beam structure house, an advanced MXene‐based membrane is developed with a stable interlayer spacing for water purification. Laminar Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with numerous nanochannels are set as the “beam” part, and the boron nitride (BN) nanosheets are thought of as the “brick” part of the MXene‐based integrated membrane. Moreover, the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets form stable interactions with the BN nanosheets through covalent cross‐linking and supramolecular hydrogen bonding. Furthermore polydopamine and polyethylenimine assume the roles of the “column” part of this membrane through covalent cross‐linking interaction. Therefore, this membrane shows outstanding anti‐swelling property with a stable interlayer spacing of 14.7 ± 0.13 Å after 600 h immersion in water, which is superior to that of most previously reported works. In addition, its hydrophilic functional groups and charges endow itself with exceptional anti‐fouling ability. This work may offer a promising manner to construct advanced separation materials with a stable structure for precise water purification.
Tumor‐Tropic Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Mediated Bi2Se3 Nano‐Radiosensitizers Delivery for Targeted Radiotherapy of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xiao Jingfang , Zeng Lijuan , Ding Shuaishuai , Chen Yemiao , Zhang Xiao , Bian Xiu‐wu , Tian Gan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the successful marriage between nanotechnology and oncology, various high‐Z element containing nanoparticles (NPs) are approved as radiosensitizers to overcome radiation resistance for enhanced radiotherapy (RT). Unfortunately, NPs themselves lack specificity to tumors. Due to the inherent tropism nature of malignant cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerge as cell‐mediated delivery vehicles for functional NPs to improve their therapeutic index. Herein, radiosensitive bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) NPs‐laden adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD‐MSCs/Bi2Se3) are engineered for targeted RT of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The results reveal that the optimized intracellular loading strategy hardly affects cell viability, specific surface markers, or migration capability of AD‐MSCs, and Bi2Se3 NPs can be efficiently transported from AD‐MSCs to tumor cells. In vivo biodistribution test shows that the Bi2Se3 NPs accumulation in tumor is increased 20 times via AD‐MSCs‐mediated delivery. Therefore, AD‐MSCs/Bi2Se3 administration synchronized with X‐ray irradiation controls the tumor progress well in orthotopic A549 tumor bearing mice. Considering that MSCs migrate better to irradiated tumor cells in comparison to nonirradiated ones and MSCs preferentially accumulate within lung tissues after systemic administration into accounts, the tumor‐tropic MSCs/NPs system is feasible and promising for targeted RT treatment of NSCLC.
Mucus Penetrating and Cell‐Binding Polyzwitterionic Micelles as Potent Oral Nanomedicine for Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Fan Wufa , Wei Qiuyu , Xiang Jiajia , Tang Yisi , Zhou Quan , Geng Yu , Liu Yanpeng , Sun Rui , Xu Lei , Wang Guowei , Piao Ying , Shao Shiqun , Zhou Zhuxian , Tang Jianbin , Xie Tao , Li Zichen , Shen Youqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrally administrable anticancer nanomedicines are highly desirable due to their easy and repeatable administration, but are not yet feasible because the current nanomedicine cannot simultaneously overcome the strong mucus and villi barriers and thus have very low bioavailability (BA). Herein, this work presents the first polymeric micelle capable of fast mucus permeation and villi absorption and delivering paclitaxel (PTX) efficiently to tumors with therapeutic efficacy even better than intravenously administered polyethylene glycol based counterpart or free PTX. Poly[2‐(N‐oxide‐N,N‐diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (OPDEA), a water‐soluble polyzwitterion, is highly nonfouling to proteins and other biomacromolecules such as mucin but can weakly bind to phospholipids. Therefore, the micelle of its block copolymer with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (OPDEA‐PCL) can efficiently permeate through the viscous mucus and bind to villi, which triggers transcytosis‐mediated transepithelial transport into blood circulation for tumor accumulation. The orally administered micelles deliver PTX to tumors, efficiently inhibiting the growth of HepG2 and patient‐derived hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts and triple‐negative breast tumors. These results demonstrate that OPDEA‐based micelles may serve as an efficient oral nanomedicine for delivering other small molecules or even large molecules.
Estimation of Photovoltaic Soiling Using Environmental Parameters: A Comparative Analysis of Existing Models
Authors: Bessa João Gabriel , Micheli Leonardo , Montes‐Romero Jesús , Almonacid Florencia , Fernández Eduardo F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoiling is the process where dust, dirt, and organic/inorganic contaminants accumulate on the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It impacts the energy generation of PV systems and causes significant economic losses. It can be monitored through soiling estimation models, which evaluate its impact depending on a number of environmental parameters. The main focus of this study is to compare four existing estimation models in Jaén, Spain, and to analyze their performance in an environment different than that where each of them is developed. The results indicate that all models can reproduce accurately the seasonality of soiling in Jaén, if a cleaning threshold of 0.3 mm day−1 is considered. The models’ performance is found to be influenced not only by the mass concentration but also by the optical properties of each component of the atmospheric particulate matter, with an overestimation up to 4% in high organic carbon concentration periods. The natural cleaning role of rainfalls and its influence on the modeling error are also discussed through the paper.
Dialdehyde Modified Tree Gum Karaya: A Sustainable Green Crosslinker for Gelatin‐Based Edible Films
Authors: Venkateshaiah Abhilash , Sehl Elmar , Timmins Renee L. , Wacławek Stanisław , Černík Miroslav , Agarwal Seema , Padil Vinod V. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNatural biopolymers, which are environmentally friendly materials, are an appealing resource for producing edible films. Edible packaging films may be consumed with the food or beverage that they hold since they are made from edible components derived from plants and animals. Even if they are not consumed, they disintegrate quickly, significantly reducing the waste disposal problem. In this work, karaya dialdehyde (KDA) with a variable aldehyde content is effectively produced through the periodate oxidation of gum karaya and subsequently used as an eco‐friendly crosslinking agent for edible gelatin films. Chemical crosslinking between the gelatin protein chains is generated when KDA is added, producing a water‐stable film. The mechanical properties are found to be significantly improved as a result of the covalent bonding between the two polymers. Excessive oxidation, on the other hand, has a detrimental effect on the film properties. Despite the crosslinking, the films are biodegradable, suggesting that composite films made in an environmentally benign manner in an aqueous media using polymers derived from biosources may be utilizable in the edible film‐based packaging sector.
Mechano‐Nanoswitches for Ultrasound‐Controlled Drug Activation
Authors: Huo Shuaidong , Liao Zhihuan , Zhao Pengkun , Zhou Yu , Göstl Robert , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent pharmacotherapy is challenged by side effects and drug resistance issues due to the lack of drug selectivity. Mechanochemistry‐based strategies provide new avenues to overcome the related problems by improving drug selectivity. It is recently shown that sonomechanical bond scission enables the remote‐controlled drug release from their inactive parent macromolecules using ultrasound (US). To further expand the scope of the US‐controlled drug activation strategy, herein a mechano‐responsive nanoswitch for the selective activation of doxorubicin (DOX) to inhibit cancer cell proliferation is constructed. As a proof‐of‐concept, the synthesis, characterization, and US‐responsive drug activation evaluation of the mechano‐nanoswitch, which provides a blueprint for tailoring nanosystems for force‐induced pharmacotherapy is presented.
Practical Enhancements in Current Density and Power Generation of Bifacial Semitransparent Ultrathin CIGSe Solar Cells via Utilization of Wide Bandgap Zn‐Based Buffer
Authors: Kim Dongryeol , Shin Sang Su , Jo Yonghee , Lee Sang Min , Ahn Seung Kyu , Cho Jun‐Sik , Yun Jae Ho , Lee Ho Seong , Park Joo Hyung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong many building‐integrated semitransparent photovoltaics (BISTPVs), semitransparent ultrathin (STUT) Cu(Inx,Ga1‐x)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells are distinguishable due to their potential high power conversion efficiency (PCE) among other thin‐film solar cells, versatile applicability based on thin film deposition processes, high stability consisting of all inorganic compositions, and practical expandability to bifacial applications. However, the fundamental trade‐off relationship between PCE and transparency limits the performance of BISTPV because implementing a higher semitransparency lowers the optical budget of incoming light. To expand the available optical budget and to enhance the PCE while maintaining a suitable transparency in STUT CIGSe solar cell with single‐stage coevaporated 500‐nm‐thick absorber, an atomic layer deposited wide bandgap Zn(O,S) buffer is introduced as the replacement of conventional CdS buffer, which partially limits incoming light less than 520 nm in wavelength. As a replacement result, more incoming light becomes valid for power conversion, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) has increased comparatively by 17%, which has directly lead to a large increase in PCE up to 12.41%. Furthermore, Zn(O,S) buffer in the STUT CIGSe solar cell also has enhanced the bifacial compatible efficiency (BCE), which has increased to 14.44% at 1.3 sun and 19.42% at 2.0 sun.
Biomimetic Light‐Driven Aerogel Passive Pump for Volatile Organic Pollutant Removal
Authors: Drdova Sarka , Zhao Shanyu , Giannakou Marianna , Sivaraman Deeptanshu , Guerrero‐Alburquerque Natalia , Bonnin Anne , Pauer Robin , Pan Zhengyuan , Billeter Emanuel , Siqueira Gilberto , Zeng Zhihui , Koebel Matthias M. , Malfait Wim J. , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInspired by the solar‐light‐driven oxygen transportation in aquatic plants, a biomimetic sustainable light‐driven aerogel pump with a surface layer containing black manganese oxide (MnO2) as an optical absorber is developed. The flow intensity of the pumped air is controlled by the pore structure of nanofilbrillated cellulose, urea‐modified chitosan, or polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) aerogels. The MnO2‐induced photothermal conversion drives both the passive gas flow and the catalytic degradation of volatile organic pollutants. All investigated aerogels demonstrate superior pumping compared to benchmarked Knudsen pump systems, but the inorganic PMSQ aerogels provide the highest flexibility in terms of the input power and photothermal degradation activity. Aerogel light‐driven multifunctional gas pumps offer a broad future application potential for gas‐sensing devices, air‐quality mapping, and air quality control systems.
Electroactive ZnO: Mechanisms, Conductivity, and Advances in Zn Alkaline Battery Cycling
Authors: Hawkins Brendan E. , Turney Damon E. , Messinger Robert J. , Kiss Andrew M. , Yadav Gautam G. , Banerjee Sanjoy , Lambert Timothy N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZinc oxide is of great interest for advanced energy devices because of its low cost, wide direct bandgap, non‐toxicity, and facile electrochemistry. In zinc alkaline batteries, ZnO plays a critical role in electrode passivation, a process that hinders commercialization and remains poorly understood. Here, novel observations of an electroactive type of ZnO formed in Zn‐metal alkaline electrodes are disclosed. The electrical conductivity of battery‐formed ZnO is measured and found to vary by factors of up to 104, which provides a first‐principles‐based understanding of Zn passivation in industrial alkaline batteries. Simultaneous with this conductivity change, protons are inserted into the crystal structure and electrons are inserted into the conduction band in quantities up to ≈1020 cm−3 and ≈1 mAh gZnO−1. Electron insertion causes blue electrochromic coloration with efficiencies and rates competitive with leading electrochromic materials. The electroactivity of ZnO is evidently enabled by rapid crystal growth, which forms defects that complex with inserted cations, charge‐balanced by the increase of conduction band electrons. This property distinguishes electroactive ZnO from inactive classical ZnO. Knowledge of this phenomenon is applied to improve cycling performance of industrial‐design electrodes at 50% zinc utilization and the authors propose other uses for ZnO such as electrochromic devices.
Directional Freezing Assisted 3D Printing to Solve a Flexible Battery Dilemma: Ultrahigh Energy/Power Density and Uncompromised Mechanical Compliance
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Ling Shangwen , Zeng Li , He Hanna , Liu Xingang , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFlexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been in the spotlight with the booming development of flexible/wearable electronics. However, the dilemma of simultaneously balancing excellent energy density with mechanical compliance in flexible electrodes impedes their practical applications. Here, for the first time, a directional freezing assisted 3D printing strategy is proposed to construct flexible, compressible, and ultrahigh energy/power density LIBs. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are entangled with each other to form an interwoven network and uniformly wrap the active materials, ensuring fast electron transfer and stress release through the entire printed electrode. Furthermore, vertical channels induced by directional freezing can act as high‐speed ion diffusion paths, which effectively solve the sluggish ion transport limitation of flexible 3D printed electrodes as the mass loading increases. As expected, the 3D printed LIB delivers a record‐high energy density (15.2 mWh cm–2) and power density (75.9 mW cm–2), outperforming all previously reported flexible LIBs. Meanwhile, the printed flexible full LIBs maintains favorable electrochemical stability in both bending and compression states. This work suggests a feasible avenue for the design of LIBs that resolves the long‐standing issue of high electrochemical performance and mechanical deformation in wearable and smart electronics.
Native Spirit: Development of a culturally grounded after‐school program to promote well‐being among American Indian adolescents
Authors: Hunter Amanda M. , Carlos Mikah , Nuño Velia L. , Tippeconnic‐Fox Mary Jo , Carvajal Scott , Yuan Nicole P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCulturally grounded after‐school programs (ASPs), based on local cultural values and practices, are often developed and implemented by and for the local community. Culturally grounded programs promote health and well‐being for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents by allowing them to reconnect to cultural teachings that have faced attempted historical and contemporary erasure. This article is a first‐person account that describes the development and implementation of a culturally grounded ASP, Native Spirit (NS), for AI adolescents (grades 7–12) living on a Southwest urban‐based reservation. NS, a 13‐session culturally grounded ASP, was developed by an academic–community partnership that focuses on increasing cultural engagement as a form of positive youth development. Each session was guided by one to two local cultural practitioners and community leaders. The development of the NS program contributed to an Indigenous prevention science that emphasizes the positive impacts of Indigenous culture and community on health and well‐being. The use of the ASP format, in partnership with the Boys & Girls Club, increased the feasibility of dissemination and refinement of the NS program by tribal communities and organizations.