bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for Hyponatremia in COVID-19 hospitalised patients
Authors: Anees Muhammad , Raza Muhammad , Farooq Omair` , Mumtaz Asim 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To determine the risk factors for Hyponatremia in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
Methods: Medical records of all patients admitted in COVID-19 Isolation Intensive Care Unit of Farooq Hospital Westwood Branch, Lahore from 1st July to 30th September, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and having Hyponatremia (serum Sodium (s/Na+ <135mEq/L) were included, patients with Eunatremia (s/Na+ within 135 - 145mEq/L) were taken as control while subjects with Hypernatremia (s/Na+ >145mEq/L) at admission, incomplete medical records and pregnant females were excluded from the study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data at time of admission in hospital was extracted.
Results: Of 182 included patients, 79.1% (n=144) were male 40.7% (n=74) had Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 44.5% (n=81) were hypertensive. Forty seven percent (n=86) patients had Hyponatremia while 52.7% (n=96) were eunatremic. Forty nine percent (n=90) patients had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and 4.9% (n=9) patients died. Risk factors for Hyponatremia were age >60 years (OR=2.52, p=0.006); DM (OR=2.79, p=0.001); Hypoxemia (OR=3.74, p<0.001); Lymphopenia (OR=7.62, p<0.009); Hypoalbuminemia (OR=9.15, p<0.001); high serum Ferritin (OR=4.46, p<0.001), high Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (OR=3.58, p<0.001) and AKI (OR=3.40, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Hyponatremia was common in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Increasing age, DM, Hypoxemia, Hypoalbuminemia, high serum Ferritin and AKI were the most significant risk factors for Hyponatremia. Hyponatremic patients had comparatively higher mortality than Eunatremic patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5466
How to cite this: Anees M, Raza M, Farooq O, Mumtaz A. Risk factors for Hyponatremia in COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):274-279. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5466
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hippotherapy as an accompaniment to therapy in children with autism
Authors: Czelej Magdalena , Gładysz Konrad , Szydłowska Justyna , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Kuczyńska Beata , Kłos Aleksander , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Autism is defined as difficulties in relating and communicating with other people and repetitive, specific behaviors. It is a developmental disorder, manifested before the age of 3. Increasingly, parents' awareness is resulting in reaching for a variety of therapies to help children on the spectrum develop properly. The interdisciplinary method that is hippotherapy stimulates physical and mental contact with the horse. Therefore, it can be assumed that this is a method that significantly helps the development and such children.
Aim of the study: Compile publicly available studies and publications and determine whether hippotherapy has a beneficial effect on the development of children with autism.
Materials and methods: A review of publications and studies available on Google Scholar and PubMed was made, using the phrases "autism" ; autism hippotherapy" ; "development of children with autism " ; "hippotherapy".
Results: The higher standard of living nowadays and the deeper interest in the methods available for the therapy of children with ASD, allows parents to reach for non-standard solutions such as hippotherapy. Demonstrating the positive impact of activities with horses is the subject of many scientific studies. Studies conducted allow us to believe that, it has a beneficial effect on the development of people on the spectrum, through stimulation in the emotional, physical and social areas. Based on a review of the literature for the purpose of this article, it can be concluded that hippotherapy has a positive effect as an accompaniment to therapy for children with autism.
Conclusion: Pharmacological treatment is the easiest way to deal with the symptoms of autism, but does not eliminate social deficits and emotional disorders. A number of therapies have emerged to help children on the spectrum develop: art therapy, Biofeedback, Brain Gymnastics, Logorytime . Incorporating hippotherapy into the child's treatment process allows the therapy to be complementary on many levels. Many studies have emerged confirming the positive impact on the development of a child on the spectrum, but there is no golden mean to cure this type of disorder.
ELEMENTOS GÓTICOS NA TRILOGIA “O MUNDO SEM DEUS”, DE LÚCIO CARDOSO
Authors: Sena Marina 
Published: December 2022

Conforme vem sendo demonstrado por diversos estudiosos, o Gótico mostra-se bastante presente na literatura brasileira, desde o século XIX. No século XX, Lúcio Cardoso foi um dos autores que dialogou fortemente com a poética, ao lado de autores como Cornélio Pena e Érico Veríssimo. Pelo menos três elementos característicos da narrativa gótica são recorrentemente observados na obra cardosiana: i) o retorno do passado, que assombra o presente das personagens; ii) as personagens monstruosas; e iii) os loci horribiles, onde vivem e transitam os protagonistas de Lúcio Cardoso. Além desses, outro aspecto acessório também surge com frequência nas narrativas do escritor: uma linguagem que explora um campo semântico negativo e frequentemente ligado à morte, à morbidade e à degeneração física e mental. Este artigo pretende ser um estudo de caso das novelas Inácio (1944), O enfeitiçado (1954) e Baltazar (2002), pertencentes à trilogia “O mundo sem Deus”. O objetivo é demonstrar como os elementos da poética gótica estão presentes nas obras cardosianas acima citadas de forma a consubstanciar uma visão negativa do mundo moderno.
INTERVALOS DE CONFIANÇA PARA QUANTIS DE MÁXIMOS ANUAIS DE ACUMULADOS DE DADOS ACIMA DE UM LIMIAR GERADOS POR MODELO ESTOCÁSTICO NÃO-PARAMÉTRICO DE VAZÕES DIÁRIAS
Authors: Damazio Jorge Machado , Kyrillos Daniela De Souza 
Published: December 2022

Apresenta-se resultados de testes com diferentes métodos de cálculo de intervalos de confiança para quantis de maximos anuais de acumulados de dados acima de um limiar gerados por modelo estocástico não-paramétrico de vazões diárias cuja formulação implica em limite superior para vazões e para máximos anuais dos acumulados. O modelo estocástico foi calibrado com registros fluviométricos de afluências diárias ao aproveitamento hidroelétrico de Salto Santiago no rio Iguaçu, PR, Brasil, e utilizado para gerar amostras dos máximos anuais com N=12.000, 20.0000, 100.000 e 120.000. Para cada método foram calculados intervalos de confiança a 90% de quantis com recorrência de 30 anos e 400 anos. Foram testados dois métodos paramétricos: a aproximação guassiana válida para amostras grandes e uso da transformação da integral de probabilidades (método TIP). Como distribuição populacional dos máximos anuais acumulados considerou-se distribuiçóes mistas, Gama ou de Kamaraswamy, com massa de probabilidade no valor nulo. Foram testados também três métodos não-paramétricos: uma formulação não-paramétrica para o método TIP, o bootstrap por percentis e o bootstrap básico. Os resultados indicaram diversidade nos intervalos das diferentes metodologias para tempo de recorrência de 400 anos e N=12.000 ou 20.000. Para as amostras maiores os intervalos das diferentes metodologias são, na prática, muito similares para qualquer das duas recorrências testadas. Os testes permitiram recomendar o uso dos métodos não paramétricos.
A FIGURA DO POETA COMO UM SER INSPIRADO, SAGRADO E ENTUSIASMADO NA GRÉCIA ANTIGA
Authors: Oliveira Luciene De Lima 
Published: December 2022

O poeta, entre os gregos antigos, era por muitos considerado como um ser sagrado, que falava belas coisas, por meio de uma theîa dýnamis, “força divina”, ou ainda por meio de uma theîa moîra, um “privilégio divino”, e não por uma epistéme, “arte ou ciência” (PLATÃO. Íon, 532 d; 533 e; 534 b, c, d). A propósito, acredita-se que a noção de poeta “possuído”, que compõe em estado de entusiasmo, possa ser anterior a Platão, uma vez que o filósofo a denomina de um palaiòs mythos, “antigo mito” (PLATO. Laws, 719 C). Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por escopo ressaltar a importância de um poeta na Grécia Antiga e a intitulada “inspiração poética”. Os exemplos atestados na literatura grega são variados, citem-se, por exemplo, Platão, Aristóteles, Demócrito, Hesíodo e Homero que retrataram do tema em suas obras.
MUSEU DA ACRÓPOLE: O PROJETO DE UMA ESPERA
Authors: Lima Fernanda Lemos de 
Published: December 2022

O presente ensaio levanta dados sobre uma discussão que remonta ao século XIX e cujo desfecho começa a se desenhar apenas na década de 20 do século XXI, a saber, a devolução dos frisos do Partenon os quais foram subtraídos ou roubados de Atenas pelo diplomata britânico, Lord Elgin. Justamente por ser ele o responsável pela retirada dos elementos pertencentes ao conjunto arquitetônico do Partenon, as peças são conhecidas como os "mármores de Elgin". Hoje essa parte do conjunto escultórico e uma das Cariátides ainda seguem em posse do Museu Britânico, sendo tema da restituição de bens culturais obtidos de maneira ilegal. A partir de textos do século XIX, XX E XXI, procura-se mapear o debate, compreender os argumentos falacioso contra a repatriação e ainda chegar à observação do projeto expográfico do Museu da Acrópole. Ele se constitui enquanto uma espera pelo retorno dos elementos que finalmente completarão as lacunas deixadas de propósito na concepção do museu como um todo.
ZAIDA SANCHES E O CONTO INFANTIL EM CABO VERDE
Authors: Lima Norma Sueli Rosa 
Published: December 2022

O artigo analisa uma coleção de quatro livros de literatura infantil publicados pela escritora Zaida Sanches, que desenvolvem tanto temáticas tradicionais da cultura cabo-verdiana, quanto novos temas ou suas releituras. São estabelecidas relações entre a oralidade e o conto, forma preferencial para a literatura infantil escrita, a partir da perspectiva teórica de João Lopes Filho, Marilene Pereira, Mário Lúcio Sousa e outros. Conclui-se que as estórias destinadas ao público infantil, em Cabo Verde, foram pioneiras nas Literaturas Africanas de Língua Portuguesa, inclusive na abordagem do que hoje se define, na produção para crianças, como conteúdos fraturantes, ainda que atualmente haja escassez de produções para a infância e para jovens, no arquipélago.
BREVE PANORAMA DA LITERATURA INFANTIL E JUVENIL ANGOLANA
Authors: Tutikian Jane 
Published: December 2022

Este artigo busca traçar um breve panorama da literatura infantil e juvenil a partir do colonialismo, onde o embrião começa a se desenvolver em As aventuras de Ngunga, de Pepetela e A montanha do Sol, de Maria Eugênia Neto. O texto base utilizado neste trabalho é o de Maria Celestina Fernandes, angolana, sendo ela mesma escritora de literatura infanto-juvenil, com uma obra expressiva, e que vem, portanto, de dentro do próprio sistema literário, construindo esta história. A história da literatura infantil e juvenil de Angola. O resultado parcial deste trabalho é a observação do desmantelamento do sistema literário angolano no que diz respeito ao jovem leitor.
Determinan Kepatuhan Siswa terhadap Protokol Kesehatan Selama Pembelajaran Tatap Muka (PTM)
Authors: Ninggar Amalia , Sriatmi Ayun , Budiyanti Rani Tiyas 
Published: December 2022

Boyolali Sub-Regency had the highest total Covid-19 cases that was reported by Boyolali District Health Office on February 2022. The limited face-to-face learning / PTM in Boyolali Regency has been implemented on January 2022 with requirement of strict health protocols. The purposes of the study is to determine the affecting factors of students compliance in the application of health protocols during the limited face -to-face learning in Boyolali Sub-Regency. Quantitative research method with a cross-sectional approach. The total number of respondents were 359 students in SD/ MI, SMP / MTs, SMA / SMK and MA who determined by proportional sampling technique. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution and simple liniear regression.The percentage of respondents with high compliance is higher (53.5%) than respondents with low compliance (46.5%).The affecting factors were age, level of education,knowledge, infrastructure supervision of school and community members, school support, friends support, and family support which has (p-value <0,005).The factors that didn’t affect was gender (p>0,005). The school should empower school health center role. It was done by involving the students checking the application of health protocols. The education office can make a pocket book containing health protocol rules during the limited face -to-face learning which can be a guide for family. The dostrict health office should socialization to community that they can also monitor health protocols during the limited face -to-face learning
Respiratory‐related evoked potentials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy aging
Authors: Epiu Isabella , Gandevia Simon C. , Boswell‐Ruys Claire L. , Carter Sophie G. , Finn Harrison T. , Nguyen David A. T. , Butler Jane E. , Hudson Anna L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAltered neural processing and increased respiratory sensations have been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as larger respiratory‐related evoked potentials (RREPs), but the effect of healthy‐aging has not been considered adequately. We tested RREPs evoked by brief airway occlusions in 10 participants with moderate‐to‐severe COPD, 11 age‐matched controls (AMC) and 14 young controls (YC), with similar airway occlusion pressure stimuli across groups. Mean age was 76 years for COPD and AMC groups, and 30 years for the YC group. Occlusion intensity and unpleasantness was rated using the modified Borg scale, and anxiety rated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. There was no difference in RREP peak amplitudes across groups, except for the N1 peak, which was significantly greater in the YC group than the COPD and AMC groups (p = 0.011). The latencies of P1, P2 and P3 occurred later in COPD versus YC (p < 0.05). P3 latency occurred later in AMC than YC (p = 0.024). COPD and AMC groups had similar Borg ratings for occlusion intensity (3.0 (0.5, 3.5) [Median (IQR)] and 3.0 (3.0, 3.0), respectively; p = 0.476) and occlusion unpleasantness (1.3 (0.1, 3.4) and 1.0 (0.75, 2.0), respectively; p = 0.702). The COPD group had a higher anxiety score than AMC group (p = 0.013). A higher N1 amplitude suggests the YC group had higher cognitive processing of respiratory inputs than the COPD and AMC groups. Both COPD and AMC groups showed delayed neural responses to the airway occlusion, which may indicate impaired processing of respiratory sensory inputs in COPD and healthy aging.
Steady‐state chemoreflex drive captures ventilatory acclimatization during incremental ascent to high altitude: Effect of acetazolamide
Authors: Cates Valerie C. , Bruce Christina D. , Marullo Anthony L. , Isakovich Rodion , Saran Gurkarn , Leacy Jack K. , O′Halloran Ken D. , Brutsaert Thomas D. , Sherpa Mingma T. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVentilatory acclimatization (VA) is important to maintain adequate oxygenation with ascent to high altitude (HA). Transient hypoxic ventilatory response tests lack feasibility and fail to capture the integrated steady‐state responses to chronic hypoxic exposure in HA fieldwork. We recently characterized a novel index of steady‐state respiratory chemoreflex drive (SSCD), accounting for integrated contributions from central and peripheral respiratory chemoreceptors during steady‐state breathing at prevailing chemostimuli. Acetazolamide is often utilized during ascent for prevention or treatment of altitude‐related illnesses, eliciting metabolic acidosis and stimulating respiratory chemoreceptors. To determine if SSCD reflects VA during ascent to HA, we characterized SSCD in 25 lowlanders during incremental ascent to 4240 m over 7 days. We subsequently compared two separate subgroups: no acetazolamide (NAz; n = 14) and those taking an oral prophylactic dose of acetazolamide (Az; 125 mg BID; n = 11). At 1130/1400 m (day zero) and 4240 m (day seven), steady‐state measurements of resting ventilation (V̇I; L/min), pressure of end‐tidal (PET)CO2 (Torr), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2; %) were measured. A stimulus index (SI; PETCO2/SpO2) was calculated, and SSCD was calculated by indexing V̇I against SI. We found that (a) both V̇I and SSCD increased with ascent to 4240 m (day seven; V̇I: +39%, p < 0.0001, Hedges' g = 1.52; SSCD: +56.%, p < 0.0001, Hedges' g = 1.65), (b) and these responses were larger in the Az versus NAz subgroup (V̇I: p = 0.02, Hedges' g = 1.04; SSCD: p = 0.02, Hedges' g = 1.05). The SSCD metric may have utility in assessing VA during prolonged stays at altitude, providing a feasible alternative to transient chemoreflex tests.
Coronary conductance in the normal development of sheep during the perinatal period
Authors: Hagen Matthew W. , Louey Samantha , Alaniz Sarah M. , Brown Laura , Lindner Jonathan R. , Jonker Sonnet S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBirth is associated with substantial shifts in cardiovascular physiology. Little is known about coronary vascular adaptations during this period. We used fetal and neonatal lambs to measure coronary function at late gestation (92% of term) and shortly after birth (5–6 days postnatal age). In each animal we measured unanesthetized myocardial perfusion and oxygen delivery using a circumflex artery flow probe. We used inflatable occluders and adenosine to determine coronary conductance and flow reserve. In a subset of animals, we used myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE, anesthetized) to assess its utility as a tool for studying changes in regional myocardial perfusion in normal development. Separate age‐matched animals were instrumented with aortic and coronary sinus sampling catheters to determine myocardial oxygen extraction (unanesthetized). With an average of 17 days of developmental time separating our neonatal and fetal cohorts we found that heart‐to‐body weight ratio was significantly greater in neonates than fetuses. In resting animals, we found significant decreases in weight‐normalized perfusion of, and oxygen delivery to, neonatal relative to fetal myocardium. Similar results were seen when measuring baseline MCE‐derived perfusion. Pressure‐flow relationship studies revealed lower baseline and maximal coronary conductance in neonates than fetuses, with similar coronary flow reserve between groups. There was greater oxygen extraction in neonates than fetuses. Combined analysis of oxygen extraction with coronary flow suggested greater oxygen consumption by the fetal than neonatal myocardium. We conclude that, during the immediate perinatal period, cardiac growth outpaces coronary microvascular growth resulting in lower capacity for microvascular perfusion in the early neonate.
Systematic determination of muscle groups and optimal stimulation intensity for simultaneous TMS mapping of multiple muscles in the upper limb
Authors: Yuasa Akiko , Uehara Shintaro , Sawada Yusuke , Otaka Yohei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation has been used to assess plastic changes in the cortical motor representations of targeted muscles. The present study explored the optimal settings and stimulation intensity for simultaneous motor mapping of multiple upper‐limb muscles across segments. In 15 healthy volunteers, we evaluated cortical representations simultaneously from one muscle in the shoulder, two in the upper arm, two in the forearm, and two intrinsic hand muscles, using five stimulation intensities, ranging from 40% to 100% of the maximum stimulator output. We represented the motor map area acquired at each intensity as a percentage of the maximum for each muscle. We defined a motor map area between 25% and 75% of the maximum as the optimal area size with sufficient scope for both up‐ and down‐regulation, and stimulation intensities producing the map area size within this range as the optimal intensities. We found that motor maps with optimal area sizes could be produced simultaneously for the four distal muscles of the forearm and hand in most participants when the stimulation intensity was set at 120–140% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) of the first dorsal interosseous. For the remaining three proximal muscles, motor maps with optimal area sizes were produced only in a few participants, even when using a higher intensity (180–220% RMT). These findings suggest that cortical representations can be assessed simultaneously in a group of distal muscles using a relatively low stimulation intensity, while a separate operation is required to assess that of the proximal muscles.
Posttetanic potentiation improves neuromuscular efficiency of mouse muscle in vitro
Authors: Laidlaw Ryan , Vandenboom Rene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeuromuscular efficiency is defined as the ratio of work output to stimulation rate. The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that neuromuscular efficiency would be increased in proportion to posttetanic potentiation, that is, the stimulation‐induced increase in work output displayed by rodent fast‐twitch muscle. To this end, extensor digitorum longus muscles from wild‐type and skeletal myosin light chain kinase knockout (skMLCK−/−) mice were surgically isolated and suspended in vitro (25°C). Concentric force development during shortening at 70% of maximal unloaded shortening velocity was tested at stimulus frequencies between 10 and 80 Hz both before and after a potentiating tetanus. A strong genotype‐dependent difference in the potentiation of concentric work output was observed; concentric work output of wild‐type muscles was increased by 51%–88% while that of skMLCK−/− muscles was increased by only 20%–34% across the frequencies tested. As a result, comparison of work – frequency plots revealed that the frequency required for peak and 50% peak unpotentiated work of wild‐type muscles was decreased from ~80 to 52 Hz and from ~48 to 21 Hz, respectively. By contrast, the frequency required for peak and 50% peak unpotentiated work of skMLCK−/− muscles was decreased from ~80 to 68 Hz and from ~51 to 41 Hz, respectively. Thus, wild‐type muscles with the ability to phosphorylate myosin displayed larger increases in neuromuscular efficiency than skMLCK−/− muscles (25–30 vs 10–15 Hz, respectively). This suggests that the presence of myosin phosphorylation may ameliorate or mitigate fatigue mechanisms associated with high‐frequency stimulation rates.