bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel evolution of opsin visual pigments in hawkmoths by tuning of spectral sensitivities during transition from a nocturnal to a diurnal ecology
Authors: Akiyama Tokiho , Uchiyama Hironobu , Yajima Shunsuke , Arikawa Kentaro , Terai Yohey 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTLight environments differ dramatically between day and night. The transition between diurnal and nocturnal visual ecology has happened repeatedly throughout evolution in many species. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the evolution of vision in recent diurnal–nocturnal transition is poorly understood. Here, we focus on hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to address this question by investigating five nocturnal and five diurnal species. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis and identified opsin genes corresponding to the ultraviolet (UV), short-wavelength (SW) and long-wavelength (LW)-absorbing visual pigments. We found no significant differences in the expression patterns of opsin genes between the nocturnal and diurnal species. We then constructed the phylogenetic trees of hawkmoth species and opsins. The diurnal lineages had emerged at least three times from the nocturnal ancestors. The evolutionary rates of amino acid substitutions in the three opsins differed between the nocturnal and diurnal species. We found an excess number of parallel amino acid substitutions in the opsins in three independent diurnal lineages. The numbers were significantly more than those inferred from neutral evolution, suggesting that positive selection acted on these parallel substitutions. Moreover, we predicted the visual pigment absorption spectra based on electrophysiologically determined spectral sensitivity in two nocturnal and two diurnal species belonging to different clades. In the diurnal species, the LW pigments shift 10 nm towards shorter wavelengths, and the SW pigments shift 10 nm in the opposite direction. Taken together, our results suggest that parallel evolution of opsins may have enhanced the colour discrimination properties of diurnal hawkmoths in ambient light.
Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes
Authors: Cabello-Vergel Julián , González-Medina Erick , Parejo Manuel , Abad-Gómez José M. , Playà-Montmany Núria , Patón Daniel , Sánchez-Guzmán Juan M. , Masero José A. , Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Villegas Auxiliadora 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Songbirds are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat events. Although several recent studies have assessed their physiological responses to heat, most of them have focused solely on arid-zone species. We investigated thermoregulatory responses to heat in eight small-sized songbirds occurring in the Mediterranean Basin, where heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense. Specifically, we determined their heat tolerance limits (HTLs) and evaporative cooling efficiency, and evaluated their current and future vulnerabilities to heat in southwestern Iberia, a Mediterranean climate warming hotspot. To do this, we exposed birds to an increasing profile of air temperatures (Ta) and measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio between evaporative heat loss and metabolic heat production) and body temperature (Tb). HTL ranged between 40 and 46°C across species, and all species showed rapid increases in RMR, EWL and Tb in response to increasing Ta. However, only the crested lark (Galerida cristata) achieved an evaporative cooling efficiency greater than 1. The studied songbirds currently experience summer Ta maxima that surpass the upper critical temperatures of their thermoneutral zone and even their HTL. Our estimates indicate that five of the eight species will experience moderate risk of lethal dehydration by the end of the century. We argue that the limited heat tolerance and evaporative cooling efficiency of small-sized Mediterranean songbirds make them particularly vulnerable to heatwaves, which will be exacerbated under future climate change scenarios.
New treatment strategies for bipolar disorder in the elderly
Authors: Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Winiarek Karolina , Murawska Joanna , Guzowski Cezary , Jabłońska Monika , Błasik Natalia , Wójcik Agata , Lamch Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and objective: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review articles and new research in the context of bipolar geriatric patients.
Materials and methods: PubMed searches were completed using the key terms bipolar disorder, bipolar elderly, bipolar depression, bipolar elderly treatment and review articles. In addition, references in these resources were searched. Search dates: 2010 to 2022.
Description of the state of knowledge: Mental disorders in the context of the elderly concern all depressive disorders. A problem with other disorders such as bipolar disorder is also increasingly recognized. In the elderly, it is quite rare in the general cross-section of society, but it may have a higher percentage, e.g. in nursing homes and care institutions. This review article shows both the difference and the similarities in the course of this disease in older and younger patients. The most important and common aspect for both age groups is psychotherapy with parallel pharmacological treatment. The greatest difficulty in pharmacotherapy in the elderly is polypharmacy and numerous drug interactions, as well as different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs used compared to younger patients. Attention should also be paid to the differentiation of bipolar disorder from different types of dementia and other cognitive disorders. Therefore, one should strive to carefully assess the patient's need for a given treatment, establish appropriate periodic monitoring of treatment, and assess the risk of taking or not intervening. This article also aims to review new research and drugs that seem promising, while the individualized and interdisciplinary approach to a geriatric patient with BD is the most important finding of this review.
Summary: Bipolar disorder in older people, compared to the younger population, should be treated pharmacologically in combination with psychotherapy. The elderly patient population requires a multidisciplinary approach due to the number of drugs used in a large number of diseases.
Myśliwski i Wittgenstein. Dwa traktaty o granicach języka
Authors: Kominek Andrzej 
Published: November 2022

MYŚLIWSKI AND WITTGENSTEIN: TWO TREATISES ON THE LIMITS OF LANGUAGE
Limit is the key notion in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and it was expressed in the aphorism that is probably the best-known quotation from the treatise: „The limits of my language mean the limits of my world” (5.6). The subject of the article is comparative analysis of this notion in the presentation of the Austrian philosopher L. Wittgenstein, and of the Polish novelist, Wiesław Myśliwski. Wittgenstein believes that language only refers to the real world, and what is beyond it (e.g. religion, God or ethics) is inexpressible. For Myśliwski everything is expressible in language (he himself says nothing about it). It is because literature is a limitless creator of language and the world.
Nowa (stara) frazeologia w SMS-ach widzów Szkła kontaktowego
Authors: Gasz Agnieszka 
Published: November 2022

NEW (OLD) PHRASEOLOGY IN SMS TEXTS SENT BY VIEWERS OF THE TV PROGRAMME “SZKŁO KONTAKTOWE”(“CONTACT LENS”)
The purpose of this article is to describe creative transformations of fixed expressions found in “Szkło kontaktowe” broadcast on the TVN24 information channel. The presented sample of research material, collected in 2020-2022, consists of 20 items. Linguistic analysis of the collected SMS texts included reconstruction of stem strings in investigated phrases. It also aimed at determining types of structural and semantic transformations and analysis of their extra-linguistic context (textological perspective). Description of the material is predominantly based on theoretical assumptions of standard and pragmatic phraseology. Additionally, some tools of cultural linguistics have been applied, particularly elements of reconstruction related to the linguistic picture of the world, which allows for the reconstruction of a fragment of the contemporary social and political reality reflected in the SMS comments of viewers.
Językowy obraz demokracji w polszczyźnie
Authors: Grzeszczak Monika 
Published: November 2022

THE LINGUISTIC IMAGE OF DEMOCRACY IN POLISH LANGUAGE
The article attempts to reconstruct the linguistic image of DEMOCRACY in Polish language in accordance with the methodological assumptions of the “Lublin school of cognitive ethnolinguistics”. The material for analysis has been excerpted from three types of sources: dictionaries, surveys and texts. First, a set of fundamental defining features (“basic features”) of the concept of DEMOCRACY has been established, which focused on four aspects: political, social, ethical and economic. Second, using the operation of profiling, the author of the article outlined which sets of features are ascribed to DEMOCRACY in various types of Polish public discourse. Particular attention has been given to the following (basic) features of the analysed concept: power/majority rule, freedom, equality, tolerance and pluralism.
O frazematyce w Słowniku warmińskim Wiktora Steffena
Authors: Wełpa-Siudek Agnieszka 
Published: November 2022

ON PHRASEMATICS IN WIKTOR STEFFEN’S SŁOWNIK WARMIŃSKI
The aim of the article is describing and analysing phrasematics from Słownik warmiński. There are over two hundreds phrasemes and most of them are placed in quotes or in the author’s comments. The Author described the collected material using Lewicki’s phraseological division into types, including proverbs (e. g. Skumpi dubel traci) and showed sample phrasemes belonging to the thematic fields such as poverty and health, stupidity and wisdom, features of character, drinking alcohol, and violence. The last part of the article concerns the phenomenon of variance in dialects and it shows that a dialect can express the same thing in many different ways (eg. dressing up yourself or someone else excessively).
Lucjan Malinowski i Słownik staropolski
Authors: Deptuchowa Ewa 
Published: November 2022

LUCJAN MALINOWSKI AND SŁOWNIK STAROPOLSKI
The objective of the article is showing the role played by Lucjan Malinowski (1839-1898) in the preparation of Słownik staropolski (Dictionary of the Old Polish Language). Using the materials documenting the creation and activity of the Academy of Learning, he shows one of the aspects of activities taken up within the institution. The idea of preparing Słownik staropolski (1953-2002) is connected with professor L. Malinowski. The author of the article shows Malinowski’s contribution to the undertaking in the context of his role played in the history of the Academy of Learning and the University of Kraków.
Dziedzictwo Lucjana Malinowskiego – krakowska szkoła dialektologiczna
Authors: Rak Maciej 
Published: November 2022

HERITAGE OF LUCJAN MALINOWSKI – KRAKÓW DIALECTOLOGICAL SCHOOL
Systematic studies in dialectology have been carried out by Kraków linguists since 150 years. They were initiated by Lucjan Malinowski in the book: Beiträge zur slavischen dialectologie. I. Ueber die Oppelnsche Mundart in Oberschlesien. (1. Heft: Laut- und Formenlehre) (1873). L. Malinowski’s best student was K. Nitsch who is called the father of Polish dialectology. Neogrammarian primacy of voice rights, which Malinowski came across in Jena, resulted in the fact that at first (until 1920s) Kraków dialectologists focused on phonetics and inflection of dialects of particular villages. Such an atomizing approach was overcome by K. Nitsch who prepared some works covering the whole Polish dialectal area. By removing the social and cultural factor from the research range, neogrammarians (including L. Malinowski) influenced the fact that the Kraków dialectological school adopted the retrospective point of view and opened to sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics as late as in 1980s. Therefore, we can conclude that L. Malinowski’s scientific influence and his work was very lasting and very important.
Scurvy: A case report of rare orthopaedic complications associated with multi-nutritional deficiencies
Authors: Carroll Melissa , Yoon Joseph , Elliott Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Suboptimal nutrition can lead to deficiencies in micronutrients such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which can present with catastrophic neurological sequalae. Deficiencies of vitamin C, vitamin B3 (niacin) and zinc levels contribute to reduced bone density. Vitamin C associated vertebral fractures although rare in adults, are still treatable if diagnosed early with a thorough clinical and nutritional history and early supplementation. Radiological clues suggestive of scurvy induced vertebral fractures can be diagnosed on plain X-ray and MRI spine imaging.
Digital Literacy as The Basis for The Use of Digital Wallets during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Darmawan Marzuki , Wenerda Indah 
Published: November 2022

This research aims to find out how far students in Yogyakarta carry digital literacy as the basis for using their e-wallets. An E-wallet is one of the cashless payment tools currently a means of payment that is widely used by the people of Indonesia, especially the younger generation. Students, as part of the younger generation, often use e-wallets as a means of payment instead of cash. Students have a basic knowledge of digital wallets from experience and the information they get from their environment. The basis of expertise is digital literacy by students using e-wallets.
This research uses a qualitative research method with resource sampling and purposive techniques. Researchers used data collection techniques with interviews and document studies to find data from sources. Then the data can be tested by triangulation of the data source.
This research results in students actively using digital wallets in online transaction activities. From this practice, if referring to digital literacy competencies using ten JAPELIDI competencies in four quadrants, functional and critical consuming quadrants are the most dominant carried out by students. At the same time, the other quadrant has yet to be done by students using digital wallets.
Fundamental Physics Practicum e-module to determine the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration based on recorded experiments
Authors: Setyaningsih Natalia Erna , Nu’man Agus , Ratnasari Fifin Dewi , Kawuryan Danang Subarkah Hadi 
Published: November 2022

The research aims to improve the effectiveness of fundamental physics practicum to determine the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration, whether carried out online or offline. This type of research is development research. The research was conducted using the 4D method: define, design, development, and disseminate. The product developed as a module contains a guidebook into an electronic module by integrating a practicum video (recorded experiment) that contains how to use the tools and practicum work steps. Data collection techniques are carried out by interviews and questionnaires. Questionnaires are given to a material, language and media experts to find out the validity of the e-module. Questionnaires are also given to lecturers who teach fundamental physics courses and students participating in introductory physics courses to find out the feasibility of e-modules. From the study, the average score of material, language and media experts was 89.08%, stating that the e-module was very valid. At the same time, the average score for the feasibility test is 89.38% which states that the e-module is very feasible. Thus, the development of a fundamental physics practicum e-module can increase the effectiveness of the fundamental physics practicum in determining the value of the Earth's gravitational acceleration.
Availability and functionality of neonatal care units in healthcare facilities in Mtwara region, Tanzania: The quest for quality of in-patient care for small and sick newborns
Authors: Kamala Serveus Ruyobya , Julius Zamoyoni , Kosia Efraim M. , Manzi Fatuma 
Published: November 2022

Background
Evidence shows that delivery of prompt and appropriate in-patient newborn care (IPNC) through health facility (HF)-based neonatal care and stabilization units (NCU/NSUs) reduce preventable newborn mortalities (NMs). This study investigated the HFs for availability and performance of NCU/NSUs in providing quality IPNC, and explored factors influencing the observed performance outcomes in Mtwara region, Tanzania.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a follow-up explanatory mixed-methods approach. HF-based records and characteristics allowing for delivery of quality IPNC were reviewed first to establish the overall HF performance. The review findings were clarified by healthcare staff and managers through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs).

Results
About 70.6% (12/17) of surveyed HFs had at least one NCU/NSU room dedicated for delivery of IPNC but none had a fully established NCUs/NSU, and 74.7% (3,600/4,819) of needy newborns were admitted/transferred in for management. Essential medicines such as tetracycline eye ointment were unavailable in 75% (3/4) of the district hospitals (DHs). A disparity existed between the availability and functioning of equipment including infant radiant warmers (92% vs 73%). Governance, support from implementing patterns (IPs), and access to healthcare commodities were identified from qualitative inquiries as factors influencing the establishment and running of NCUs/NSUs at the HFs in Mtwara region, Tanzania.

Conclusion
Despite the positive progress, the establishment and performance of NCUs/NSUs in providing quality IPNC in HFs in Mtwara region is lagging behind the Tanzania neonatal care guideline requirements, particularly after the IPs of newborn health interventions completed their terms in 2016. This study suggests additional improvement plans for Mtwara region and other comparable settings to optimize the provision of quality IPNC and lower avoidable NMs.
The impact of breast milk feeding on early brain development in preterm infants in China: An observational study
Authors: Zhang Yao , Deng Qingqi , Wang Jinhua , Wang Hua , Li Qiufang , Zhu Binghua , Ji Chai , Xu Xinfen , Johnston Linda 
Published: November 2022

Background
The prevailing consensus from large epidemiological studies is that breastfeeding is associated with improved IQ and cognitive functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Current research is exploring the association between breastfeeding and early brain development in preterm infants.

Objective
To explore the differences in brain gray matter between breastmilk-fed and formula-fed preterm infants using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
A convenience sample of breastmilk-fed preterm infants(n = 34) and formula-fed infants (n = 22) aged approximately 32 weeks. At near term-equivalent age, MR scanning was performed. Gray matter structural and functional differences between the two groups were assessed using MATLAB software for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis.

Results
Maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between the two groups. Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter volume on MRI than formula-fed infants in multiple brain regions, including the bilateral frontal lobe (BA11, BA46), right temporal lobe (BA37), and left caudate nucleus, at a statistical threshold of p<0.01 (AlphaSim corrected) with a cluster size of >40 voxels. Compared with formula-fed infants, breastmilk-fed infants showed increased brain activation on fMRI in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA41).

Conclusion
Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter development and increased regional gray matter function compared with formula-fed infants at near term-equivalent age, suggesting breastmilk feeding in the early period after birth may have some degree of influence on early brain development in preterm infants.
Social distancing with chronic pain during COVID-19: A cross-sectional correlational analysis
Authors: Donaghy Bethany , Walker Susannah C. , Moore David J. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Understanding of the role social factors play in chronic pain is growing, with more adaptive and satisfying social relationships helping pain management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures facilitated a naturalistic study of how changes to social interaction affected chronic pain intensity.

Methods
In a cross-sectional correlational design, questionnaire data was collected over a 38-day period during the March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, individuals with chronic pain were asked about their current pain experience as well as notable social factors which might relate to pain.

Results
Multiple regression analysis revealed social satisfaction significantly predicted pain experience, with a reduction in social participation during COVID-19 lockdowns increasing pain disability, and increased social satisfaction associated with decreasing pain intensity.

Conclusions
While pain management often focuses on the functional aspects of pain alleviation, these findings suggest psychological aspects of socialising satisfaction also impact pain experience. Pain management strategies should consider ways to increase social satisfaction in individuals with chronic pain, perhaps by facilitating socialisation in the home using remote communication methods similar to those which became popular during the COVID-19 lockdown.