bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Technology in Rhinoplasty
Authors: De Greve Glynnis , Malka Ronit , Barnett Erica , Robotti Enrico , Haug Martin , Hamilton Grant , Lekakis Garyfalia , Hellings Peter William 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRhinoplasty is uniquely suited to capitalize on different aspects of three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology. Currently, 3D surface imaging of preoperative and postoperative nasal structure provides a platform for better surgical planning and patient counselling as well as objective postoperative measurements. Physical nasal models using 3D printing technology can improve rhinoplasty performance intraoperatively, postoperative outcomes, together with nasal prosthetic manufacture, by tailoring to specific patient anatomy. Advances in tissue engineering using 3D-printed biocompatible scaffolds have shown excellent nasal cartilage mimicry and hold promise for increasingly versatile directed tissue regeneration in rhinoplasty and nasal reconstructive surgery. As health care innovations are expected to become increasingly common in standard rhinoplasty practices in the future, we give an account of how 3D technologies can create new opportunities to optimize surgical planning and improve overall the patient experience.
A Buccal Space Approach for Midface Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Gréant Elisabeth , Haesendonck Gilles Van , Faris Callum 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article describes a transbuccal approach to reach the facial vessels. The anatomy of this intraoral approach is predictable, minimizing the risk of facial nerve dysfunction. This technique provides the possibility of free flap midface reconstruction with short pedicles and avoids the need to use vein grafts. Moreover, it is esthetically preferable. Through cadaver dissection and anatomical drawings, we describe extensively the different surgical steps. Using the combination of the previous knowledge and recent anatomical understandings, we can provide a reliable step-by-step approach to find the facial artery and vein through a transbuccal approach for microvascular midface free flap repair.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Patients: Results from a Single Center
Authors: Dalkiran Tahir , Mercan Mehmet , Ipek Sevcan , Güllü Ufuk Utku , Kandur Yasar , Acipayam Can , Dilber Cengiz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can be applied as an effective therapeutic option in children with hematological, neurological, nephrological, and autoimmune/rheumatic disorders. We aimed to report our TPE experience in pediatric patients. In this article, we retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric patients who underwent TPE between 2019 and 2021. A total of 128 TPE sessions were performed in 25 patients (13 males,12 females; mean age 59.6 ± 11.7 [3–198] months). The TPE indications were sepsis with/without multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in five patients, acute liver failure, hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in three patients, respectively, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in two patients each, and myasthenia gravis crisis, meningococcemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, autoimmune encephalitis, and metabolic disease (fatty acid oxidation defect, liver failure) in one patient each. Based on our findings, we proposed that the American Society for Apheresis criteria should be updated according to newly described clinical conditions such as MIS-C.
Analysis of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopies and the Importance of Exam Quality for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Furlanetto Marcos Venícios , Zwierzikowski Jaqueline Alves , Bertoldo Carolina Fischer , Wistuba Guilherme Andretta Sotto Maior , Tashima Eduardo Issao Brand , Vieira Ana Helena Bessa Gonçalves , Invitti Henrique Luckow , Brenner Antonio Sérgio 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Objective To determine the impact of the quality of colonoscopy examination for colorectal cancer screening.
Methods Retrospective observational study of medical records from patients treated at the endoscopy and colonoscopy service of Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (Curitiba, PR, Brazil) from January 2019 to January 2020.
Results The analysis was based on 337 medical records from patients with adenomas identified during colonoscopy, and 1,385 medical records from patients without adenomas. The estimated occurrence rate of diagnosis of adenoma during colonoscopy in the target population of the study was of 19.6%, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 17.7 to 21.5%. Of the 337 patients with adenoma, 136 (40.4%) presented the advanced form. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between the quality of colonoscopy preparation and test completion.
Conclusion The quality of colonoscopy images is a critical factor for colorectal cancer screening, as it leads to higher rates of adenoma detection and test completion.
Surgical Roles in the Management of Metachronus Para-aortic Lymph Node Recurrence and Synchronous Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Abd-Elaziz Osama , Ali Ramadan M. , Amin Mohamed Farouk , Fahmy Ahmed M. , Elshorbagy Shereen , Mandour Doaa , Hemeda Rehab , Harb Ola A. , Samir Amr , El-Hendawy Elsayed I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The relative rarity of synchronous para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis (SPM) and metachronous PALN recurrence (MPR) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients leads to a limited number of studies on patient management, and no treatment guidelines have been established to date.
Objective To assess the prognostic, predictive roles, and long-term outcomes of different management strategies for isolated MPR and SPM in CRC patients to establish the best one.
Materials and Methods We included 35 CRC patients with isolated MPR and 25 patients with isolated SPM who underwent curative R0 resection. We performed PALN dissection (PALND) in 15 cases in MPR group and in 10 cases in the SPM group; all remaining patients in both groups underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) without further surgical intervention. During the study period of about 5 years, we compared the patients who underwent PALND and those who underwent CRT.
Results The overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly longer in patients who underwent PALND (p = 0.049 and 0.036 respectively).
Conclusions We showed that PALND in cases of CRC patients with SPM and MPR previously submitted to R0 resection was associated with favorable outcomes and better patient survival.
Singular rank one perturbations
Authors: Astaburuaga M. A. , Cortés V. H. , Fernández C. , Del Río R. 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, A = B + V represents a self-adjoint operator acting on a Hilbert space H. We set a general theoretical framework and obtain several results for singular perturbations of A of the type Aβ = A + βτ*τ for τ being a functional defined in a subspace of H. In particular, we apply these results to Hβ = −Δ + V + β|δ⟩⟨δ|, where δ is the singular perturbation given by δ(φ) = ∫Sφ dσ, where S is a suitable hypersurface in Rn. Using the fact that the singular perturbation τ*τ is a sort of rank one perturbation of the operator A, it is possible to prove the invariance of the essential spectrum of A under these singular perturbations. The main idea is to apply an adequate Krein’s formula in this singular framework. As an additional result, we found the corresponding relationship between the Green’s functions associated with the operators H0 = Δ + V and Hβ, and we give a result about the existence of a pure point spectrum (eigenvalues) of Hβ. We also study the case β goes to infinity.
Non-symmetric blowing-up solutions for a class of Liouville equations in the ball
Authors: D’Aprile Teresa 
Published: February 2022

We are concerned with the existence of blowing-up solutions to the following boundary value problem: −Δv = λV(x)ev in B1, v = 0 on ∂B1, where B1 is the unit ball in R2, V(x) is a positive smooth potential, and λ &gt; 0 is a small parameter. We assume that the potential V satisfies some suitable assumptions in terms of the second and the fourth derivatives at 0, and we find a solution that exhibits a non-symmetric blow-up profile as λ → 0+.
Development of a portable time-of-flight mass spectrometer prototype using a cold electron source
Authors: Jeong Wanseop , Kim Hyun Sik , Kang Byeongwon 
Published: February 2022

Fundamental obstacles toward the development of a portable time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) are ionization sources and vacuum systems. To overcome these, a cold electron source (CES) and a pulse valve are introduced in this study to examine the possibility of developing a portable TOF MS. The CES is developed using a microchannel plate electron multiplier radiated by ultraviolet photons from a light-emitting diode. The CES is controlled using short pulses to generate accelerated electrons that ionize a substrate surface. A 10 ns CES pulse produces an electron flux density of 1013 to 1014 m−2 on the surface, and the short pulse minimizes the ionization time such that the resolution limit associated with a short drift tube is overcome. In addition, the injected 0.05 m3 quantitative sample reduces the vacuum exhaust load, and simultaneously, it is possible to temporarily form layers of the target molecules on the substrate. The possibility of immediate measurement by directly injecting benzene at ambient pressure was verified through repeated measurements; therefore, it is technically possible to use a CES to allow for a highly compact (and portable) TOF MS.
Toward a theory of evolution as multilevel learning
Authors: Vanchurin Vitaly , Wolf Yuri I. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Modern evolutionary theory gives a detailed quantitative description of microevolutionary processes that occur within evolving populations of organisms, but evolutionary transitions and emergence of multiple levels of complexity remain poorly understood. Here, we establish the correspondence among the key features of evolution, learning dynamics, and renormalizability of physical theories to outline a theory of evolution that strives to incorporate all evolutionary processes within a unified mathematical framework of the theory of learning. According to this theory, for example, replication of genetic material and natural selection readily emerge from the learning dynamics, and in sufficiently complex systems, the same learning phenomena occur on multiple levels or on different scales, similar to the case of renormalizable physical theories.
IKKα-deficient lung adenocarcinomas generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment by overproducing Treg-inducing cytokines
Authors: Song Na-Young , Li Xin , Ma Buyong , Willette-Brown Jami , Zhu Feng , Jiang Chengfei , Su Ling , Shetty Jyoti , Zhao Yongmei , Shi Gongping , Banerjee Sayantan , Wu Xiaolin , Tran Bao , Nussinov Ruth , Karin Michael , Hu Yinling 
Published: February 2022

Significance
This study reveals that impaired IKKα expression or activity in lung cancer enhances differentiation of protumorigenic Treg cells through a TNF/TNFR2/NF-κB signaling pathway in both human and mouse lung ADC. Depletion of one of the molecules that are required for Treg cell induction represses lung ADC development. Thus, the components that interfere with this particular Treg differentiation provide targets for the generation of TME-modifying therapies.
Highly stabilized delay optical path with a long fiber toward absolute distance measurement
Authors: Gao Haoran , Long Xiefen , Jin Xueying , Xu Xin , Lu Yang , Bian Dian , Yu Liandong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A stabilized delay optical path (DOP) toward absolute distance measurement is proposed based on the principle of optical balanced cross-correlation (OBCC). An OBCC signal is a subtraction from two-second harmonics generated by a periodically polarized crystal when the fundamental frequency pulses pass through periodically polarized crystal twice from the front and back. The steep slope of signal near the zero point is 67 mV nm−1 and is used to lock the fiber stretcher in the DOP by a servo controller. Thereby the purpose of stabilizing the DOP has been completed. The DOP is composed of a long fiber with two different applied lengths of ∼466 and ∼2000 m. The pulse numbers difference between delay and reference fibers are 227 and 978. The long-term repeatability of measurement deviations is 1.6 μm and 2.9 μm over 10 min, respectively. Therefore, this highly stabilized DOP can be considered as a stable device of the optical path.
Green synthesis of MnxZn(1−x)O nanostructure using Azadirachta indica leaf extract and its microstructural and optical study
Authors: Barman Subhodeep , Sikdar Suranjan , Biswas Abhijit , Islam Anikul , Das Rahul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures doped with manganese (Mn: 5% and 10%) were prepared by the green synthesis method using the leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica. The microstructural investigation of the prepared nanopowders was carried out with the Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction data. The phase analysis of the x-ray diffraction data confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles have the hexagonal wurtzite structure in all cases. The Williamson Hall method was used to analyze the data obtained after the Rietveld refinement analysis to find some important microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, strain, stress, and energy density. The size of the crystallites is almost the same in both cases and the values for strain, stress, and energy density increase with increasing Mn concentration. Functional groups and molecular interactions were identified by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy spectra. UV-visible spectra show that the bandgap energy decreases with increasing Mn content. This property can help to fabricate a photodetector that can operate at a wavelength longer than the cut-off wavelength of ZnO. The morphology of the synthesized nanostructure was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy data confirm the elemental compositions in the synthesized Mn-doped ZnO, which means that the desired nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the green method.
Effect of chromium substitution on the electrical and magnetic properties of multiferroic yttrium manganite
Authors: Sivaraj K S , Thoufeeq S , Anantharaman M R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Yttrium Manganite is a multiferroic material and has potential applications in Ferroelectric Random Access Memories. Chromium is substituted with a view to enhancing the electrical conductivity. Compositions belonging to the series Y1−xCrxMnO3, (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3) were synthesized by employing a citrate gel method. Pre characterized samples using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy were then subjected to impedance spectroscopy to understand the conduction mechanism vis-à-vis small polaron hopping or variable range hopping. Cole-Cole and Nyquist plots were utilized to arrive at the equivalent circuit. Ferroelectric measurements were carried out to understand the polarization mechanisms. Magnetic measurements were also conducted to observe the change in magnetic properties with Chromium substitution. Field Cooled (FC) and Zero Field Cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements revealed the presence of ferromagnetic clusters in an antiferromagnetic matrix. It has been found that Chromium substitution enhances the electrical conductivity while it diminishes the ferroelectric properties.
Light bending by the cosmological constant
Authors: Hu Lingyi , Heavens Alan , Bacon David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We revisit the question of whether the cosmological constant Λ affects the cosmological gravitational bending of light, by numerical integration of the geodesic equations for a Swiss cheese model consisting of a point mass and a compensated vacuole, in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background. We find that there is virtually no dependence of the light bending on the cosmological constant that is not already accounted for in the angular diameter distances of the standard lensing equations, plus small modifications that arise because the bending is restricted to a finite region covered by the hole. The residual Λ dependence for a 1013
M
☉ lens is at the level of 1 part in 107, and even this might be accounted for by small changes in the hole size evolution as the photon crosses. We therefore conclude that there is no need for modification of the standard cosmological lensing equations in the presence of a cosmological constant.
Beyond rates: time-varying dynamics of high frequency oscillations as a biomarker of the seizure onset zone
Authors: Nunez Michael D , Charupanit Krit , Sen-Gupta Indranil , Lopour Beth A , Lin Jack J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. High frequency oscillations (HFOs) recorded by intracranial electrodes have generated excitement for their potential to help localize epileptic tissue for surgical resection. However, the number of HFOs per minute (i.e. the HFO ‘rate’) is not stable over the duration of intracranial recordings; for example, the rate of HFOs increases during periods of slow-wave sleep. Moreover, HFOs that are predictive of epileptic tissue may occur in oscillatory patterns due to phase coupling with lower frequencies. Therefore, we sought to further characterize between-seizure (i.e. ‘interictal’) HFO dynamics both within and outside the seizure onset zone (SOZ). Approach. Using long-term intracranial EEG (mean duration 10.3 h) from 16 patients, we automatically detected HFOs using a new algorithm. We then fit a hierarchical negative binomial model to the HFO counts. To account for differences in HFO dynamics and rates between sleep and wakefulness, we also fit a mixture model to the same data that included the ability to switch between two discrete brain states that were automatically determined during the fitting process. The ability to predict the SOZ by model parameters describing HFO dynamics (i.e. clumping coefficients and coefficients of variation) was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Main results. Parameters that described HFO dynamics were predictive of SOZ. In fact, these parameters were found to be more consistently predictive than HFO rate. Using concurrent scalp EEG in two patients, we show that the model-found brain states corresponded to (1) non-REM sleep and (2) awake and rapid eye movement sleep. However the brain state most likely corresponding to slow-wave sleep in the second model improved SOZ prediction compared to the first model for only some patients. Significance. This work suggests that delineation of SOZ with interictal data can be improved by the inclusion of time-varying HFO dynamics.
Development of activated carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticle thin film for application in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: lunphut Sumneang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Carbon This research aims to study the preparation of activated carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticle thin films with basellaceae, malvaceae and hylocereus dyes for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The physical and chemical properties of as-prepared thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) techniques. Results revealed that the basellaceae dye (JSC is 13.5 mA/cm2, VOC is 0.450 V and η (%) is 1.59) on thin film showed the highest efficiency compared with the malvaceae (JSC is 10.2 mA/cm2, VOC is 0.425 V and η (%) is 1.08) and hylocereus (JSC is 12.1 mA/cm2, VOC is 0.325 V and η (%) is 1.17) dyes. Moreover, we observed that activated carbon/TiO2 nanoparticle thin film exhibited a higher efficiency than other thin film samples. This might be due to the activated carbon doped into the TiO2 leading to facilitate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, resulting in its enhanced efficiency.
Performance of CsI (Tl) photodiode with optic fiber wire for Gamma-rays and X-rays detection
Authors: Aim-O Pawitra , Klinkhieo Supat , Sophon Methee , Sumano Nattaphol , Phacheerak Wiwek , Phanak Mongkol , Ruangvittayanon Anuchit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we explored the feasibility study of using the optic fiber wire to be a light transmitter for crystal scintillation material in the radiation measurement. The high-density material; thallium doped cesium iodide CsI (Tl) are widely used as converters for Gamma-rays and X-rays into visible light. Optic fibers are applied in the various applications such nuclear facilities, future fusion installations, medical treatment and diagnostic premises etc. The major advantages to be considered in optic fibers for radiation detection because their characteristics such as: capacities to work under electromagnetic fields; possibility to carry the wavelength signals; small size and low mass including possibility to monitor parameters from the sites far away from the controller. In this work, the cylindrical crystal CsI (Tl) material was connected with the single-clad optic scintillating fiber which transmitted the light signal to photodiode. Gamma-rays and X-rays sources had been investigated the measurement. The optic scintillating fibers have a good response with Cs-137 gamma radiation source at 662 keV. X-ray radiation that was generated from the X-ray tube was determined with the different operating voltages. The obtained results show this device can measure the X-ray radiation with energy range from 39 to 309 keV. CsI (TI) photodiode detector with optic fiber wire can be applied to measure gamma radiation and X-ray radiation as well as being able to the further work in the nuclear and radiation fields.
Characterization of deposited Ti-doped lithium aluminium hydride thin film using dip coating method
Authors: Chowarot C. , Siriwongrungsona V. , Hongrapipat J. , Pang S. , Messner M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) is an outstanding complex metal hydride as a hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage capacity of LiAlH4 is about 5-7 wt%. In this study, LiAlH4 concentration of 20 g/l doped with various titanium (Ti) concentration by dip coating method was examined. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder at 10 mol % 25 mol % and 40 mol % was used as the Ti source. Instruments used to analyze Ti-doped LiAlH4 were X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD was used for phase and crystallite size analysis and SEM was used for surface morphology investigation. The experimental results reveal that at the LiAlH4 concentration of 20 g/l with 40 mol% of TiO2, the smallest crystallite size with rather dense surface was shown. The small crystallite size can improve the desorption of hydrogen from its surface area. Therefore, the addition of titanium might be advantageous in improving the hydrogen storage efficiency of LiAlH4.