bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic novelty within a “great speciator” revealed by a high-quality reference genome of the collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris collaris)
Authors: Eliason Chad M , Hains Taylor , McCullough Jenna , Andersen Michael J , Hackett Shannon J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIslands are natural laboratories for studying patterns and processes of evolution. Research on island endemic birds has revealed elevated speciation rates and rapid phenotypic evolution in several groups (e.g. white-eyes, Darwin’s finches). However, understanding the evolutionary processes behind these patterns requires an understanding of how genotypes map to novel phenotypes. To date, there are few high-quality reference genomes for species found on islands. Here, we sequence the genome of one of Ernst Mayr’s “great speciators,” the collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris collaris). Utilizing high molecular weight DNA and linked-read sequencing technology, we assembled a draft high-quality genome with highly contiguous scaffolds (scaffold N50 = 19 Mb). Based on universal single-copy orthologs, we estimated a gene space completeness of 96.6% for the draft genome assembly. The population demographic history analyses reveal a distinct pattern of contraction and expansion in population size throughout the Pleistocene. Comparative genomic analysis of gene family evolution revealed that species-specific and rapidly expanding gene families in the collared kingfisher (relative to other Coraciiformes) are mainly involved in the ErbB signaling pathway and focal adhesion. Todiramphus kingfishers are a species-rich group that has become a focus of speciation research. This draft genome will be a platform for future taxonomic, phylogeographic, and speciation research in the group. For example, target genes will enable testing of changes in sensory structures associated with changes in vision and taste genes across kingfishers.
Associations of 24-Hour Light Exposure and Activity Patterns and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Older Men: The MrOS Sleep Study
Authors: Blackwell Terri L , Figueiro Mariana G , Tranah Gregory J , Zeitzer Jamie M , Yaffe Kristine , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Kado Deborah M , Ensrud Kristine E , Lane Nancy E , Leng Yue , Stone Katie L ,   Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Older men with the worse alignment of activity and light may have lower levels of cognition and increased rates of cognitive decline.

Methods
This cohort consisted of 1 036 older men (81.1 ± 4.6 years) from the MrOS Sleep Study (2009–2012). Light and activity levels were gathered by wrist actigraphy. Phasor analysis was used to quantify the alignment of light–dark and rest-activity patterns (magnitude) and their temporal relationship (angle). Global cognitive function (Modified Mini-Mental State examination [3MS]) and executive function (Trails B test) were measured, then repeated 4.2 ± 0.8 years later. Linear regression models examined the associations of phasor magnitude and angle with cognition and cognitive decline. Models were adjusted for age, clinic, race, education, and season.

Results
Smaller phasor magnitude (worse aligned light and activity patterns) was associated with lower initial level and increased decline in executive function. Compared to those with higher phasor magnitude, those with lower magnitude took an average of 11.1 seconds longer to complete the Trails B test (quartile 1 vs quartile 4, p = .02). After follow-up, Trails B completion time increased an average of 5.5 seconds per standard deviation decrease in phasor magnitude (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–10.4, p = .03). There were no associations with phasor angle, and none with magnitude and global cognition (3MS).

Conclusion
Among older men, worse alignment of light and activity patterns was associated with worse initial performance and increased decline in executive function, but not related to global cognition. Interventions that improve the alignment of light and activity may slow cognitive decline in older adults.
Multiple testing and variable selection along the path of the least angle regression
Authors: Azaïs Jean-Marc , De Castro Yohann 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate multiple testing and variable selection using the Least Angle Regression (LARS) algorithm in high dimensions under the assumption of Gaussian noise. LARS is known to produce a piecewise affine solution path with change points referred to as the knots of the LARS path. The key to our results is an expression in closed form of the exact joint law of a $K$-tuple of knots conditional on the variables selected by LARS, the so-called post-selection joint law of the LARS knots. Numerical experiments demonstrate the perfect fit of our findings. This paper makes three main contributions. First, we build testing procedures on variables entering the model along the LARS path in the general design case when the noise level can be unknown. These testing procedures are referred to as the Generalized $t$-Spacing tests and we prove that they have an exact non-asymptotic level (i.e. the Type I error is exactly controlled). This extends work of [ 31] where the spacing test works for consecutive knots and known variance. Second, we introduce a new exact multiple testing procedure after model selection in the general design case when the noise level may be unknown. We prove that this testing procedure has exact non-asymptotic level for general design and unknown noise level. Third, we prove exact control of the false discovery rate under orthogonal design assumption. Monte-Carlo simulations and a real data experiment are provided to illustrate our results in this case. Of independent interest, we introduce an equivalent formulation of the LARS algorithm based on a recursive function.
Line contact lubricated by a fluid described by non-Newtonian Giesekus model
Authors: Kudish Ilya I , Pashkovski Eugene , Patterson Reid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModelling hydrodynamic lubrication helps engineers and material scientists designing lubricants that minimize viscous energy losses without compromising the durability of engine components. This type of modelling requires selecting lubricant rheological constitutive equations that provide realistic information on fluid behaviour within tribological contact zones. Due to complexity of differential constitutive equations the modelling effort was limited to generalized Newtonian or Oldroyd-B fluids. In this paper, we present more realistic description of hydrodynamic lubrication using the Giesekus fluid capturing both viscous shear thinning and the development of elastic stresses at high Weissenberg numbers. The problem analysis is done using a modified regular perturbation method with respect to the small mobility parameter $\alpha $. The perturbation analysis modification is caused by the fact that the problem contains several a priori unknown boundaries. The actual perturbation solutions for functions of pressure and gap, as well as the coordinate of exit from the contact and the exit film thickness, are obtained as linear functions of $\alpha $. The effects of the model parameters such as the mobility factor, relaxation time and the polymer contribution to viscosity on pressure, shear and extensional viscosities within the contact zone are analysed. It is shown that the presence of polymers helps to increase the gap and reduce the viscous losses associated with hydrodynamic friction. This result is consistent with empirical observations of fuel economy enhancement for polymer-containing lubricants.
Stabilization of partial differential equations by sequential action control
Authors: Brodskyi Yan , Hante Falk M , Seidel Arno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a framework of sequential action control (SAC) for stabilization of systems of partial differential equations which can be posed as abstract semilinear control problems in Hilbert spaces. We follow a late-lumping approach and show that the control action can be explicitly obtained from variational principles using adjoint information. Moreover, we analyse the closed-loop system obtained from the SAC feedback for the linear problem with quadratic stage costs. We apply this theory to a prototypical example of an unstable heat equation and provide numerical results as the verification and demonstration of the framework.
Cost of postoperative complications after general surgery at a major Canadian academic centre
Authors: Roach Eileen , de la Maza Luis , Rieder Scott , Vigneswaran Laavanyah , Maeda Azusa , Okrainec Allan , D Jackson Timothy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a fiscally constrained health care environment, the need to reduce unnecessary spending is paramount. Postoperative complications contribute to hospital costs and utilization of health care resources.ObjectiveThe purpose of this observational study was to identify the cost associated with complications of common general surgery procedures performed at a major academic hospital in Toronto, Ontario.MethodsThe institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify complications in patients who underwent general surgical procedures at our institution from April 2015 to February 2018. A mix of elective and emergent cases was included: bariatric surgery, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thyroidectomy, right hemicolectomy and ventral incisional hernia repair. The total cost for each visit was calculated by adding all the aggregate costs of inpatient care. Median total costs and the breakdown of cost components were compared in cases with and without complications.ResultsA total of 2713 patients were included. Nearly 6% of patients experienced at least one complication, with an incidence ranging from 1.1% after bariatric surgery to 23.8% after right hemicolectomy. The most common type of complication varied by procedure. Median total costs were significantly higher in cases with complications, with a net increase ranging from $2989 CAD (35% increase) after bariatric surgery to $10 459 CAD (161% increase) after ventral incisional hernia repair.ConclusionPostoperative complications after both elective and emergent general surgery procedures add substantially to hospital costs. Quality improvement initiatives targeted at decreasing postoperative complications could significantly reduce costs in addition to improving patient outcomes.
Measuring shared decision-making in younger and older adults with depression
Authors: Brodney Suzanne , Valentine K D , Vo H A , Cosenza Carol , Barry Michael J , Sepucha Karen R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
This study examined the performance of the shared decision-making (SDM) Process scale in patients with depression, compared alternative wording of two items in the scale and explored performance in younger adults.

Methods
A web-based non-probability panel of respondents with depression aged 18–39 (younger) or 40–75 (older) who talked with a health-care provider about starting or stopping treatment for depression in the past year were surveyed. Respondents completed one of two versions of the SDM Process scale that differed in the wording of pros and cons items and completed measures of decisional conflict, decision regret and who made the decision (mainly the respondent, mainly the provider or together). A subset of respondents completed a retest survey by 1 week. We examined how version and age group impacted SDM Process scores and calculated construct validity and retest reliability. We hypothesized that patients with higher SDM Process scores would show less decisional conflict using the SURE scale (range = 0–4); top score = no conflict versus other and less regret (range 1–4; higher scores indicated more regret).

Results
The sample (N = 494) was majority White, non-Hispanic (82%) and female (72%), 48% were younger and 23% had a high school education or less. SDM Process scores did not differ by version (P = 0.09). SDM Process scores were higher for younger respondents (M = 2.6, SD = 1.0) than older respondents (M = 2.3, SD = 1.1; P = 0.001). Higher SDM Process scores were also associated with no decisional conflict (M = 2.6, SD = 0.99 vs. M = 2.1, SD = 1.2; P &lt; 0.001) and less decision regret (r = −0.18, P &lt; 0.001). Retest reliability was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81.

Conclusions
The SDM Process scale demonstrated validity and retest reliability in younger adults, and changes to item wording did not impact scores. Although younger respondents reported more SDM, there is room for improvement in SDM for depression treatment decisions.
Daptomycin synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies: a systematic review
Authors: Antonello Roberta Maria , Canetti Diana , Riccardi Niccolò 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Daptomycin is a bactericidal lipopeptide antibiotic approved for the treatment of systemic infections (i.e. skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, infective endocarditis) caused by Gram-positive cocci. It is often prescribed in association with a partner drug to increase its bactericidal effect and to prevent the emergence of resistant strains during treatment; however, its synergistic properties are still under evaluation.

Methods
We performed a systematic review to offer clinicians an updated overview of daptomycin synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, we reported all in vitro and in vivo data evaluating daptomycin in combination with other antibiotic agents, subdivided by antibiotic classes, and a summary graph presenting the most favourable combinations at a glance.

Results
A total of 92 studies and 1087 isolates (723 Staphylococcus aureus, 68 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 179 Enterococcus faecium, 105 Enterococcus faecalis, 12 Enterococcus durans) were included. Synergism accounted for 30.9% of total interactions, while indifferent effect was the most frequently observed interaction (41.9%). Antagonistic effect accounted for 0.7% of total interactions. The highest synergistic rates against S. aureus were observed with daptomycin in combination with fosfomycin (55.6%). For S. epidermidis and Enterococcus spp., the most effective combinations were daptomycin plus ceftobiprole (50%) and daptomycin plus fosfomycin (63.6%) or rifampicin (62.8%), respectively.

Future perspectives
We believe this systematic review could be useful for the future updates of guidelines on systemic infections where daptomycin plays a key role.
Successful endovascular exclusion of Mycobacterium bovis mycotic aneurysm following intravesical bacille Calmette–Guerin therapy
Authors: Cook Victoria , Singla Animesh A , Herlihy David , Mohabbat Walid , Fisher Charles , Puttaswamy Vikram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. It is routinely used in the treatment of early-stage transitional cell carcinoma. The development of mycotic aneurysm in the context of prior intra-vesical BCG treatment has not been reported. This case demonstrates a rare but potentially catastrophic vascular complication of BCG. A high index of suspicion is required for any patient presenting with new aneurysmal disease in the context of previous BCG therapy. The value of endovascular surgery as a bridge to definitive surgical repair and diagnostic considerations is discussed.
The association between job quality and the incidence of PTSD amongst police personnel
Authors: Burchell Brendan , Miller Jessica , Brewin Chris , Soffia Magdalena , Wang Senhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has been widely reported that surveys have found high levels of ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) (12.6%) among police personnel, and a further 8.0% with PTSD. Until now, there has been little research linking PTSD to working conditions. This report examines how the prevalence of CPTSD varies with measures of job quality. Positive indicators of job quality (for instance, the feeling of doing meaningful work, support from colleagues and managers, work–life balance, job security, and promotion prospects) typically predict half the rate of CPTSD. Negative indicators of poor job quality (such as having to deal with sexual harassment or extreme time pressures) are associated with CPTSD rates twice as high as the policing average. Additional evidence shows that police forces with better working conditions tend to have markedly lower rates of PTSD. These analyses cannot prove the direct causal relationship from job quality to PTSD but do provide unequivocal evidence of an association. Improving job quality may greatly reduce the level of this most debilitating psychological disorder, CPTSD, in the policing population.
Regulation of wakefulness by GABAergic dorsal raphe nucleus-ventral tegmental area pathway
Authors: Cai Ping , Wang Fu-Dan , Yao Jing , Wang Wen-Feng , Hu Yu-Duan , Liu Ren-Fu , Li Zhang-Shu , Zhu Zhong-Hua , Cai Yu-Tong , Lin Zhi-Hui , Tang Wei-Tao , Zhuang Cong-Wen , Xiao Wen-Hao , Zeng Yu-Hang , Huang Sheng-Nan , Fu Zhifei , Wang Wen-Xiang , Chen Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) has previously been proved to be involved in the regulation of the sleep–wake behavior. DRN contains several neuron types, such as 5-HTergic and GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons, which are the second largest cell subtype in the DRN, participate in a variety of neurophysiological functions. However, their role in sleep–wake regulation and the underlying neural circuitry remains unclear. Herein, we used fiber photometry and synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyography (EMG) recording to demonstrate that DRN GABAergic neurons exhibit high activities during wakefulness and low activities during NREM sleep. Short-term optogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons reduced the latency of NREM-to-wake transition and increased the probability of wakefulness, while long-term optogenetic activation of these neurons significantly increased the amount of wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of DRN GABAergic neurons increased wakefulness for almost 2 h and maintained long-lasting arousal. In addition, inhibition of DRN GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics caused a reduction in the amount of wakefulness. Finally, similar to the effects of activating the soma of DRN GABAergic neurons, optogenetic stimulation of their terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced instant arousal and promoted wakefulness. Taken together, our results illustrated that DRN GABAergic neurons are vital to the induction and maintenance of wakefulness, which promote wakefulness through the GABAergic DRN-VTA pathway.
Preoperative exercise and prehabilitation
Authors: Esser Tobias , Zimmer Philipp , Schier Robert 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview about the effects of multimodal prehabilitation and current existing and prospectively planned studies. The potential efficacy of exercise in the context of prehabilitation ranges from preoperatively improving patients’ functional capacity to inducing cellular mechanisms that affect organ perfusion via endothelial regeneration, anti-inflammatory processes and tumour defense.

Recent findings
Current studies show that prehabilitation is capable of reducing certain postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in certain patient populations. These findings are based on small to mid-size trials with large heterogeneity, lacking generalizability and evidence that prehabilitation has positive effects on long term survival.

Summary
The concept of prehabilitation contains the features, namely preoperative exercise, nutritional intervention and psychological support. Preoperative exercise holds potential molecular effects that can be utilized in the perioperative period in order to improve patients’ postoperative outcome. Future multimodal prehabilitation trials must specifically clarify the clinical impact of this concept on patients’ quality of life after major cancer surgery and cancer-specific survival.
A new noninvasive finger sensor (NICCI system) for continuous blood pressure and pulse pressure variation monitoring
Authors: Flick Moritz , Bergholz Alina , Kouz Karim , Breitfeld Philipp , Nitzschke Rainer , Flotzinger Doris , Saugel Bernd 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
The NICCI system (Getinge, Gothenburg, Sweden) is a new noninvasive haemodynamic monitoring system using a finger sensor.

OBJECTIVE(S)
We aimed to investigate the performance of the NICCI system to measure blood pressure and pulse pressure variation compared with intra-arterial measurements.

DESIGN
A prospective method comparison study

SETTING
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

PATIENTS
Forty-seven neurosurgery patients

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We performed a method comparison study in 47 neurosurgery patients to compare NICCI blood pressure measurements (BPNICCI) with intra-arterial blood pressure measurements (BPART) (Bland–Altman analysis, four-quadrant plot, error grid analysis) and NICCI pulse pressure variation measurements (PPVNICCI) with pulse pressure variation calculated manually from the intra-arterial blood pressure waveform (PPVART) (Bland–Altman analysis, predictive agreement, Cohen's kappa).

RESULTS
The mean of the differences ± standard deviation (95% limits of agreement) between BPNICCI and BPART was 11 ± 10 mmHg (-8 to 30 mmHg) for mean blood pressure (MBP), 3 ± 12 mmHg (-21 to 26 mmHg) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 12 ± 10 mmHg (-8 to 31 mmHg) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In error grid analysis, 54% of BPNICCI and BPART MBP measurement pairs were classified as ‘no risk’, 43% as ‘low risk’, 3% as ‘moderate risk’ and 0% as ‘significant risk’ or ‘dangerous risk’. The mean of the differences between PPVNICCI and PPVART was 1 ± 3% (-4 to 6%). The predictive agreement between PPVNICCI and PPVART was 80% and Cohen's kappa was 0.55.

CONCLUSIONS
The absolute agreement between BPNICCI and BPART was not clinically acceptable. We recommend not using the current version of the NICCI system for blood pressure monitoring during surgery. The absolute agreement between PPVNICCI and PPVART was clinically acceptable with moderate predictive agreement regarding pulse pressure variation categories. The NICCI system needs to be further developed and re-evaluated when an improved version is available.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00023188) on 2 October 2020.