bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochromic Detection of Latent Fingermarks on Metal Surface Using 1,1′‐Dibenzyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium Dichloride
Authors: Zhang Lan , Kong Yawen , Wang Xinchu , Zhang Yujie , Xiao Debao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electrochromic detection of latent fingermarks on polished or unpolished, flat or curved metal surfaces is described using electrochromic material, 1,1’‐dibenzyl‐4,4’‐bipyridinium dichloride. The surface area covered by fingermarks acts as an insulating mask, causing 1,1’‐dibenzyl‐4,4’‐bipyridinium dichloride to change color and produce inversed images of the fingermark. By changing the applied potential, the optical properties of 1,1’‐dibenzyl‐4,4’‐bipyridinium dichloride can be continuously and reversibly adjusted to optimize the visual contrast of fingermarks, so as to realize the detection of latent fingermarks on stainless steel surface. It is demonstrated that the fabricated electrochromic devices can detect the fingermarks on these types of surfaces within twenty seconds at −1.0∼−2.0 V. This work can qualify as a tangible improvement in fingermark detection of the natural fingermarks on the never‐cleaned (more than 3 years) and curved surfaces of daily‐used container, e. g. cup, and the handle of cleaning tool, mop.
Developmental validation of the Microreader Group Y Direct ID System: A novel six‐dye typing system with 54 Y‐chromosomal loci for forensic application
Authors: Song Mengyuan , Jiang Lanrui , Lyu Qiang , Ying Jun , Wang Zefei , Zhou Yuxiang , Song Feng , Luo Haibo , Song Xingbo , Ying Binwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractY‐chromosome, as a gender‐determined biological marker, is inherited only between fathers and sons. The Y‐chromosome short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) play an essential role in paternity lineage tracing as well as sexual assault cases. The Microreader Group Y Direct ID System as a six‐dye multiplex amplification kit, including 53 Y‐STR and one Y‐Indel locus, would improve performance and aid in obtaining more information through a greater number of loci with high polymorphism. In the present study, to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the kit, developmental validation was conducted by investigating sensitivity, species specificity, PCR inhibition, male–male and male–female mixtures, and reproducibility. The kit was tested using 311 male samples from Han and Qiang populations in Sichuan Province. The results showed that this kit had fairly high power for forensic discrimination (Han: haplotype diversity [HD] = 1, Qiang: HD = 0.999944). Additionally, 44 confirmed father–son pairs were also genotyped, among which 69 distinct haplotypes could be obtained. These father–son pairs cannot be distinguished by commonly used Y‐STR panels, indicating that adding these extra Y‐STRs to a single panel can achieve better discrimination performance. Collectively, the Microreader Group Y Direct ID System is robust and informative for forensic applications.
A novel hybrid backscatter and conventional algorithm for multi‐hop Internet of Things networks
Authors: Raeisi Mahmoud , Mahdavi Mehdi , Doost Hosseini Ali Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates a multi‐hop cognitive radio network in terms of end‐to‐end bit delivery. The network exploits backscatter communication (BackCom) and harvest‐then‐transmit (HTT) mode in a hybrid manner. Such a network can be used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications in which IoT users coexist with a primary network and use the primary spectrum to transmit data in both BackCom and HTT modes. Besides, such users can harvest energy from the primary signals. A novel hybrid backscatter and conventional transmission (HBCT) algorithm is proposed in order to maximize end‐to‐end bit delivery by jointly optimizing time and power allocations. For this goal, we formulate a nonconvex optimization problem. Next, we transform the problem into a convex one and develop a new analytical formulation by which we calculate the optimal power and time allocation in closed‐form equations. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of HBCT compared with current schemes.
Smoldering ignition and emission dynamics of wood under low irradiation
Authors: Liang Zhirong , Lin Shaorun , Huang Xinyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWood is one of the longest‐standing and sustainable construction and building materials, and has gained a new renaissance for high‐rise buildings to achieve global carbon neutrality. However, wood can sustain both flaming and smoldering fires, and numerous timber structure fires have raised fire safety to be a public concern. This work investigates the smoldering ignition of wood blocks under long‐lasting low‐intensity irradiation and the robustness of smoldering fire after the removal of irradiation. We found a smoldering ignition map including three regimes, (i) no ignition, (ii) unsustained smoldering, and (iii) self‐sustained smoldering. The minimum irradiation for smoldering ignition of wood is about 5.5 kW/m2 after heating for hours. Without sufficient and in‐depth preheating, smoldering ignition cannot self‐sustain without irradiation. The criteria for self‐sustained smoldering on thick wood include the minimum surface temperature of 350 ± 20°C, the minimum smoldering front thickness of 30 ± 5 mm, and the minimum mass flux of 3.8 ± 0.4 g/m2 s before the irradiation is terminated. The CO/CO2 ratio of the smoldering wood under low irradiation varies between 0.1 and 0.2. This work helps evaluate the fire risk of wood materials and understand their burning behaviors under real fire scenarios.
The effect of environment on housing prices: Evidence from the Google Street View
Authors: Wang Guan‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs Google Street View visually depicts areas with disparate social characteristics, we use them to analyze the effects of environmentally locational factors on housing prices by constructing a convolutional neural network model. Instead of manual classification and judgment, the model decomposes views' pixels then assigns latent scores for street views. This score factor can improve the interpretability and the prediction accuracy of hedonic models and machine learning models. We empirically show this score is statistically significant and has stronger predictive power, suggesting that Google Street View provides visual cues regarding the dwelling's location and improve the regional and housing research.
Novel control approach for integrating water electrolyzers to renewable energy sources
Authors: Al‐Sagheer Yousif , Steinberger‐Wilckens Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGreen hydrogen can be produced by integrating water electrolyzers to renewable energy sources. The integration confronts the problem of renewable power volatility that requires advanced control strategies. There are three main electrolyzer control approaches, which are: battery hysteresis cycle, model‐based scheduling, and frequency response. These approaches do not fully solve the problem of electrolyzer operation under power fluctuating conditions. This study introduces a novel integration and control approach for water electrolyzers based on model predictive control algorithm. The algorithm controls electrolyzer load so that steering the system into a breakeven energy balance across the main DC busbar that links generation and demand sides. However, the energy balance is subject to power conditioning losses and capacity constraints of electrolyzer. The novel approach uses simplified prediction models for the generation and demand and introduces a compensator for model uncertainty based on a novel role to the battery as a sensor of energy imbalance. The approach is tested on a 5 kW polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer and showed that fully automated energy balancing is achievable for grid connected and stand‐alone systems. Also, the electrolyzer can operate at partial capacity with improved efficiency and hydrogen yield, and it is applicable to any mix of renewables.
Citric Acid‐Crosslinked Highly Porous Cellulose Nanofiber Foam Prepared by an Environment‐Friendly and Simple Process
Authors: Dinesh  , Wang Hanbin , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams are prepared by an environment‐friendly, time‐saving, and simple process using bio‐based citric acid (CA) as a green crosslinking agent. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examine the foam morphology and confirm the crosslinking. The prepared foam shows a very high porosity (>98%) with a low density (24.02 mg cm−3) with more than 200% improvement in mechanical strength and modulus compared to the neat CNF foam. In addition, the inclusion of CA into CNF improves thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the prepared foam demonstrates a good sound absorption behavior, suitable for environment‐friendly and lightweight sound‐absorbing foam.
The effect of self‐generated versus externally generated actions on timing, duration, and amplitude of blood oxygen level dependent response for visual feedback processing
Authors: Kavroulakis Eleftherios , van Kemenade Bianca M. , Arikan Belkis Ezgi , Kircher Tilo , Straube Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt has been widely assumed that internal forward models use efference copies to create predictions about the sensory consequences of our own actions. While these predictions have frequently been associated with a reduced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in sensory cortices, the timing and duration of the hemodynamic response for the processing of video feedback of self‐generated (active) versus externally generated (passive) movements is poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that predictive mechanisms for self‐generated actions lead to early and shorter neural processing compared with externally generated movements. We investigated active and passive movements using a custom‐made fMRI‐compatible movement device. Visual video feedback of the active and passive movements was presented in real time or with variable delays. Participants had to judge whether the feedback was delayed. Timing and duration of BOLD impulse response was calculated using a first (temporal derivative [TD]) and second‐order (dispersion derivative [DD]) Taylor approximation. Our reanalysis confirmed our previous finding of reduced BOLD response for active compared to passive movements. Moreover, we found positive effects of the TD and DD in the supplementary motor area, cerebellum, visual cortices, and subcortical structures, indicating earlier and shorter hemodynamic responses for active compared to passive movements. Furthermore, earlier activation in the putamen for active compared to passive conditions was associated with reduced delay detection performance. These findings indicate that efference copy‐based predictive mechanisms enable earlier processing of action feedback, which might have reduced the ability to detect short delays between action and feedback.
The effect of hunger state on hypothalamic functional connectivity in response to food cues
Authors: Kullmann Stephanie , Veit Ralf , Crabtree Daniel R. , Buosi William , Androutsos Odysseas , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Manios Yannis , Preissl Hubert , Smeets Paul A. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe neural underpinnings of the integration of internal and external cues that reflect nutritional status are poorly understood in humans. The hypothalamus is a key integrative area involved in short‐ and long‐term energy intake regulation. Hence, we examined the effect of hunger state on the hypothalamus network using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In a multicenter study, participants performed a food cue viewing task either fasted or sated on two separate days. We evaluated hypothalamic functional connectivity (FC) using psychophysiological interactions during high versus low caloric food cue viewing in 107 adults (divided into four groups based on age and body mass index [BMI]; age range 24–76 years; BMI range 19.5–41.5 kg/m2). In the sated compared to the fasted condition, the hypothalamus showed significantly higher FC with the bilateral caudate, the left insula and parts of the left inferior frontal cortex. Interestingly, we observed a significant interaction between hunger state and BMI group in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Participants with normal weight compared to overweight and obesity showed higher FC between the hypothalamus and DLPFC in the fasted condition. The current study showed that task‐based FC of the hypothalamus can be modulated by internal (hunger state) and external cues (i.e., food cues with varying caloric content) with a general enhanced communication in the sated state and obesity‐associated differences in hypothalamus to DLPFC communication. This could potentially promote overeating in persons with obesity.
The Affordable Care Act and regulation: Coverage effects of guaranteed issue and ratings reform
Authors: Baughman Reagan A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn important part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that has received relatively little research attention is regulatory reform in the small and non‐group markets, particularly guaranteed issue and rating restrictions. In order to identify the effect of this part of the ACA, I use states that already had these policies before 2014 as a control group for states newly exposed to them under the ACA. Overall, the reforms do not have any effect in states that expanded Medicaid but are associated with a 1.64 percentage point (or 2.16%) increase in the probability of having health insurance coverage in states that did not expand Medicaid. Effects are seen across broad age range, and are strongest for those whose incomes are slightly above the Medicaid threshold and qualify them for the highest Marketplace subsidy levels.
Identification of novel neutralizing determinants for protection against HCV
Authors: Alzua Garazi P. , Pihl Anne F. , Offersgaard Anna , Velázquez‐Moctezuma Rodrigo , Duarte Hernandez Carlos R. , Augestad Elias H. , Fahnøe Ulrik , Mathiesen Christian K. , Krarup Henrik , Law Mansun , Prentoe Jannick , Bukh Jens , Gottwein Judith M. 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
HCV evasion of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) results in viral persistence and poses challenges to the development of an urgently needed vaccine. N‐linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is a key mechanism for such evasion. To facilitate rational vaccine design, we aimed to identify determinants of protection of conserved neutralizing epitopes.

Approach and Results:
Using a reverse evolutionary approach, we passaged genotype 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, and 4a HCV with envelope proteins (E1 and E2) derived from chronically infected patients without selective pressure by nAb in cell culture. Compared with the original viruses, HCV recombinants, engineered to harbor substitutions identified in polyclonal cell culture–passaged viruses, showed highly increased fitness and exposure of conserved neutralizing epitopes in antigenic regions 3 and 4, associated with protection from chronic infection. Further reverse genetic studies of acquired E1/E2 substitutions identified positions 418 and 532 in the N1 and N6 glycosylation motifs, localizing to adjacent E2 areas, as key regulators of changes of the E1/E2 conformational state, which governed viral sensitivity to nAb. These effects were independent of predicted glycan occupancy.

Conclusions:
We show how N‐linked glycosylation motifs can trigger dramatic changes in HCV sensitivity to nAb, independent of glycan occupancy. These findings aid in the understanding of HCV nAb evasion and rational vaccine design, as they can be exploited to stabilize the structurally flexible envelope proteins in an open conformation, exposing important neutralizing epitopes. Finally, this work resulted in a panel of highly fit cell culture infectious HCV recombinants.
Psychometric properties of Nepalese preschool anxiety scale among preschool children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maharjan Sabina , Rana Mita , Neupane Bidusha , Rijal Sujan , Shakya Suraj , Pradhan Pramesh Man , Ojha Saroj Prasad , Gautam Kamal , Singh Rakesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS)‐Parent version scale is a 28‐item measure designed to assess anxiety symptoms in preschoolers aged 3−6 years. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Nepali translated version of the PAS‐Parent version.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 680 mothers among seven conveniently selected schools in Kathmandu.ResultsThe difference in PAS‐Parent version scores across age groups was found to be statistically significant. In confirmatory factor analysis, 28 items showed a poor fit of the five‐factor original model for the data. However, removing three items (25 item version) through the five‐factor model indicated a better fit. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's α for the PAS‐Parent version scale was of good range (0.87). Cronbach's α of the subscales: generalized anxiety (0.63), social phobia (0.67), physical injury fears (0.75), and separation anxiety (0.63) were in fair range; while it was in poor range for the obsessive‐compulsive subscale (0.567).ConclusionNepali version of the PAS demonstrated fair psychometric properties, supporting its utility in screening and assessing a broad range of anxiety symptoms in Nepalese preschoolers.
Reconstruction of the record of tritium in precipitation in the temperate zone of South America
Authors: Basaldúa Alejandro , Alcaraz Emiliano , Quiroz‐Londoño Mauricio , Dapeña Cristina , Ibarra Eduardo , Vélez‐Agudelo Camilo , Copia Lorenzo , Martínez Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTritium, a radioisotope of hydrogen, is an ideal tracer for groundwater and surface dating and tracking since it is part of the water molecule. The knowledge of the history of tritium in precipitation and recharge is the key link for the calculation of groundwater tritium age. However, records of tritium in precipitation are usually sparse and discontinuous, especially in regions like South America, and often need to be reconstructed. To solve this problem, different reconstruction methods of the tritium input function have been analysed and compared. Clustering of Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation stations by regions and the correlation with the complete and continuous data recorded in Kaitoke (New Zealand) proved to be the most effective approach, having low relative errors and a much more extended coverage in time compared to other interpolation or reference curves methods. Thus, tritium time series for five different regions of the temperate zone of South America were obtained. These curves can be used as representative tritium input curves in future studies for these regions. The results obtained also allow a quick qualitative analysis of groundwater ages in these areas, based on their current or past tritium concentrations. In addition, they contributed to the understanding of the patterns and characteristics of tritium distribution in the atmosphere of the southern sector of South America.
Immunogenicity of two doses of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccines for solid cancer patients on treatment with or without a previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: La Verde Nicla , Riva Agostino , Cona Maria Silvia , Gabrieli Arianna , Cattaneo Monica , Fasola Cinzia , Lipari Giuseppe , De Stradis Claudia , Favorito Valentina , Lombardi Stocchetti Benedetta , Chizzoniti Davide , Covizzi Alice , Rulli Eliana , Galli Francesca , Ruggieri Lorenzo , Gambaro Anna , Ferrario Sabrina , Dalu Davide , Tarkowski Maciej S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies on the immunogenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines showed a reduced seroconversion in cancer patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the immunogenicity of two doses of mRNA vaccines in solid cancer patients with or without a previous exposure to the virus. This is a single‐institution, prospective, nonrandomized study. Patients in active treatment and a control cohort of healthy people received two doses of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, BioNTech/Pfizer, The United States) or mRNA‐1273 (Spikevax, Moderna). Vaccine was administered before starting anticancer therapy or on the first day of the treatment cycle. SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels against S1, RBD (to evaluate vaccine response) and N proteins (to evaluate previous infection) were measured in plasma before the first dose and 30 days after the second one. From January to June 2021, 195 consecutive cancer patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Thirty‐one cancer patients had a previous exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2. Cancer patients previously exposed to the virus had significantly higher median levels of anti‐S1 and anti‐RBD IgG, compared to healthy controls (P = .0349) and to cancer patients without a previous infection (P < .001). Vaccine type (anti‐S1: P < .0001; anti‐RBD: P = .0045), comorbidities (anti‐S1: P = .0274; anti‐RBD: P = .0048) and the use of G‐CSF (anti‐S1: P = .0151) negatively affected the antibody response. Conversely, previous exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 significantly enhanced the response to vaccination (anti‐S1: P < .0001; anti‐RBD: P = .0026). Vaccine immunogenicity in cancer patients with a previous exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 seems comparable to that of healthy subjects. On the other hand, clinical variables of immune frailty negatively affect humoral immune response to vaccination.
Audit report information improvement and earnings management
Authors: Sai Qian , Li Yanxi , Liu Yanwen , Zhao Heng , Ouyang Shanshan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreasing the disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) has been an important change in audit reports in recent years. After the implementation of this policy, what changes have taken place in the behaviour of auditors after the implementation of this policy? What impact has it had on the audit report? A series of problems deserve systematic analysis and empirical testing. This paper examines the relationship between the communication of KAMs and earnings management. We examined quasi‐natural experimental data shaped by new auditing standards issued by the Ministry of Finance of China on 23 December 2016. The new auditing standards have been implemented in phases for the listed companies. We find that (1) communicating KAMs in audit reports restrains the auditor's motivational reasoning behaviour by triggering rationality constraints and improves the auditor's professional scepticism, thus improving audit quality and significantly reducing the company's accrued earnings management level. (2) The influence of communicating KAMs on earnings management is more significant for sampled firms with high external financing dependence and low marketization, revealing its supplementary role in the existing corporate governance mechanism. The findings of this paper enrich existing research on KAMs and supplement important empirical evidence from the Chinese market for assessing the effects of audit reporting reforms worldwide.