bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue carbon stock in sediments of mangroves and seagrass ecosystems at Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Analuddin Kangkuso , Sharma Sahadev , Kadidae La Ode , Haya La Ode Muhammad Yasir , Septiana Andi , Rahim Saban , Syahrir La , Aba La , Fajar La Ode Abdul , MacKenzie Richard A. , Nadaoka Kazuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoastal ecosystems store approximately 80% of carbon in sediments, which could be emitted due to degradation and deforestation. Therefore, protecting and managing these ecosystems are crucial for climate change mitigation. This study aims to determine sediment bulk density (SBD), sediment organic carbon (SOC) concentration, and sediment carbon stocks (SCS) in mangroves and seagrasses, and to elucidate how the protection scheme impacts them. We collected four sediment cores of 100 cm each from protected and unprotected mangrove areas and three sediment cores of 80 cm each from unprotected and protected seagrass areas. The average SBD in mangroves was 0.48 g cm−3 in protected areas and 0.55 g cm−3 in unprotected areas, while the average SBD in seagrass was 0.79 g cm−3 in protected areas and 0.85 g cm−3 in unprotected areas. The average SOC in mangroves was 8.65% in protected areas and 8.63% in unprotected areas, while the average SOC in seagrass was 5.89% and 6.25% in protected and unprotected areas, respectively. The average SCS in the protected area was 381 and 363 Mg C ha−1 in the mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, respectively. On the other hand, the average SCS in the unprotected areas was 449 and 422 Mg C ha−1 in mangroves and seagrass ecosystems, respectively. Although we did not find any significant differences in SCS between protected and unprotected ecosystems regardless of ecosystem types, the conservation management of blue carbon ecosystems is still needed to avoid future carbon emissions.
New insights into the structure of consumer preferences for natural and artificial sweeteners
Authors: Hovhannisyan Vardges , Bastian Christopher T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study utilizes the Generalized Exact Affine Stone Index demand system to investigate the structure of demand for natural and artificial sweeteners in the United States based on uniquely disaggregate data. Our empirical framework allows for arbitrarily complex Engel curves, unobserved consumer heterogeneity and potential precommitments in sweetener consumption, while addressing price endogeneity. Results from a series of weak separability tests reveal that consumers select from among both sets of natural and artificial sweeteners. In addition, most sweeteners are empirically established to be consumed in precommitted quantities, with the shares thereof varying from 6.3% for molasses to 34.4% for granulated sugar. Based on the unconditional elasticities obtained via a two‐stage budgeting framework, we further examine the implications of hypothetical sweetener tax scenarios for consumer energy intake and bodyweight, as well as assess the consumer welfare consequences thereof.
Increased fetal microchimerism in immune and stem cell subsets in preeclampsia
Authors: McCartney Stephen A. , Kolarova Teodora , Kanaan Sami B. , Chae Angel , Laughney Caitlin I. , Nelson J. Lee , Gammill Hilary S. , Shree Raj 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProblemPreeclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, it is unclear whether this is due to shared underlying physiology or changes which occur during the disease process. Fetal microchimerism (FMc) within the maternal circulation can durably persist decades after pregnancy, is known to occur at greater frequency in PE, and can potentially affect local and systemic immune programming, thus changes in cellular FMc may provide a mechanism for long‐term health outcomes associated with PE.Method of studyWe investigated whether PE is associated with alterations in FMc immune and stem cell populations. We analyzed maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from PE cases (n = 16) and matched controls from normal pregnancies (n = 16), from which immune and stem cell subsets were isolated by flow cytometry. Genomic DNA was extracted from total PMBC and individual cell subsets, and FMc frequency was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting a fetal‐specific non‐shared polymorphism identified from family genotyping.ResultsThere was a significant increase in FMc concentration in immune cell subsets in PE cases compared to controls, predominantly in B cell, and NK cell lymphocyte populations. There was no significant difference in FMc frequency or concentration within the stem cell population between PE and controls.ConclusionsThe altered concentrations of immune cells within FMc in the maternal blood provides a potential mechanism for the inflammation which occurs during PE to induce long‐lasting changes to the maternal immune system and may potentially promote chronic maternal disease.
Primary oral vaccination followed by a vaginal pull protects mice against genital HSV‐2 infection
Authors: Mulvey Peter B. M. , Trim Logan K. , Aaskov John G. , Bryan Emily R. , Sweeney Emma L. , Kollipara Avinash , Plenderleith Mark B. , Aldwell Frank E. , Beagley Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProblemHSV‐2 infected more than 491 million people aged 15–49 world‐wide in 2016. The morbidity associated with recurrent infections and the increased risk of HIV infection make this a major health problem. To date there is no effective vaccine. Because HSV‐2 ascends to the dorsal route ganglion within 12–18 h of infection, an effective vaccine will need to elicit a strong local resident CD8+ T cell response to prevent the infection from becoming life‐long.Method of StudyUsing a mouse model we investigated the potential of oral immunization with a novel lipid adjuvant (LiporaleTM) followed by local vaginal application of an inflammatory agents to protect against primary HSV‐2 infections.ResultsOral vaccination of mice with live‐attenuated HSV‐2 in Liporale followed by vaginal application of DNFB or CXCL9/10 led to recruitment of tissue‐resident CD8+ memory cells into the genital epithelia. This prime and pull vaccination strategy provided complete protection against wild‐type HSV‐2 challenge and prevented viral dissemination to the spinal cords.ConclusionsActivation of mucosal immunity by oral immunization, combined with induction of transient local genital inflammation can recruit long‐lived tissue resident CD8+ T cells into the genital epithelium, providing significant protection against primary HSV‐2 infection.
Efficient and Robust Approaches for Analysis of Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials: Illustration Using the ADAPT-R Trial
Authors: Montoya Lina M. , Kosorok Michael R. , Geng Elvin H. , Schwab Joshua , Odeny Thomas A. , Petersen Maya L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Personalized intervention strategies, in particular those that modify treatment based on a participant's own response, are a core component of precision medicine approaches. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are growing in popularity and are specifically designed to facilitate the evaluation of sequential adaptive strategies, in particular those embedded within the SMART. Advances in efficient estimation approaches that are able to incorporate machine learning while retaining valid inference can allow for more precise estimates of the effectiveness of these embedded regimes. However, to the best of our knowledge, such approaches have not yet been applied as the primary analysis in SMART trials. In this paper, we present a robust and efficient approach using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for estimating and contrasting expected outcomes under the dynamic regimes embedded in a SMART, together with generating simultaneous confidence intervals for the resulting estimates. We contrast this method with two alternatives (G-computation and inverse probability weighting estimators). The precision gains and robust inference achievable through the use of TMLE to evaluate the effects of embedded regimes are illustrated using both outcome-blind simulations and a real-data analysis from the Adaptive Strategies for Preventing and Treating Lapses of Retention in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care (ADAPT-R) trial (NCT02338739), a SMART with a primary aim of identifying strategies to improve retention in HIV care among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
Declarative knowledge in oral health: The case of the term ‘centric occlusion’
Authors: Astudillo‐Rozas Wilson , Valdivia‐Gandur Iván , Vasquez Aruny Vasquez , Aceituno‐Antezana Oscar , Vasquez‐Salinas Matias , Guerra Claudio Ly , Manzanares‐Céspedes María Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe lack of academic agreement in the practical or clinical use of declarative knowledge can generate unnecessary confusion and miscommunication. The concept Centric Occlusion (CO) is part of the body of declarative knowledge in dentistry, but its definition remains unclear.ObjectiveTo ascertain the CO concept in articles published in dental journals as a study case for the dentistry “corpus” of declarative knowledge.MethodologyThe alternative definitions of CO used by the GPT (Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms) from 1956–1977, ‘CO as a synonym for maximum intercuspal contact (MIC)’, or by the GPT from 1987–2017, ‘CO may or may not coincide with MIC’, were searched in the articles. The association between the CO definition used and variables such as article aims, journal scope and authors specialty was assessed.ResultsEight hundred and twelve articles were analysed. The widespread use of CO as synonym of MIC was the main finding and was significantly associated to the Orthodontics field. The CO definition according to the GPT 1987–2017 was less frequently observed but appeared in all dentistry fields, showing a significant association with the Oral Rehabilitation field. The difficulty of incorporating the current definition of CO (by GPT) into the main clinical discussions was evidenced all the long of the review process.ConclusionThe lack of consensus in the concept use was confirmed by the present study case, showing the influence of specific fields in Oral Health declarative knowledge. This methodology can provide a tool to the academy to assess controversial terms or concepts in Oral Health education, thus facilitating the critical and reflexive learning by students.
Drug use, risk perceptions and attitudes towards drug use amongst medical and dentistry students
Authors: Pérez‐Jardón Alba , López‐Durán Ana , Somoza‐Martín Manuel , Barba‐Montero Catalina , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés , Chamorro‐Petronacci Cintia , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo analyse the use of psychoactive substances and the risk perceptions amongst odontology and medical students. To study their perceptions, attitudes and knowledge, and to evaluate their motivation when helping their patients to stop using these substances.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted amongst 962 students in Spain, using validated questionnaires on an anonymous basis.ResultsAmongst these students, drug use varies and increases with age as assessed by the DAST and CAST tests, with more problematic use being observed as the academic cycle progresses (p < .001). Participants in the 2nd cycle presented higher consumption than those in the 1st cycle, in the univariate model (OR = 1.77, IC 95% 1.27–2.48, p = .001) and in the adjusted model (OR = 1.86, IC 95% 1.32–2.62, p < .001). Regarding CAST, non‐problematic use in the 1st cycle versus the 3rd cycle presented an OR = 8.69 (IC 95% 4.50–16.78, p < .001) and for low risk use it presented an OR = 15.18 (IC 95% 1.83–14.68). Only 46.7% considered using marijuana on a regular basis as a high risk, whilst 60.5% stated that smoking a pack of cigarettes represents a high risk. Alcohol was the substance for which the risk perception was lowest. 66.2% are in the maintenance stage “I provide my regular drug‐using patients help to give up,” with women being more likely to be in this stage (p = .012).ConclusionsHigh risk of drug use increases after the 1st cycle in Dentistry and in Medicine. Training programmes should be implemented in both degrees, focusing on the 1st years in order to simultaneously prevent drug use amongst students.
RETRACTED: Intelligent cognitive evaluation of ice and snow sports training by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation from the perspective of supply chain management
Authors: Hu Ping , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis exploration aims to promote the development of ice and snow sports (ISS), strengthen people's physiques and improve people's health level. First, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to determine the importance weight of the intelligent cognitive factors of ISS. Then, based on the evaluation grade, the membership matrix of intelligent cognitive factors of ISS is constructed, and an individual cognitive ability evaluation model combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis is established. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 25.0 and Smartpls software are further used to determine the questionnaire items about the participation intention in ISS training. A structural equation model among individual participation intention, theoretical factors of planned behaviour and participation behaviour is constructed. After analysing the data obtained from the survey, the final results are as follows. (1) Harbin's largest number of ISS participants is 18–29 years old, accounting for 44.8%. Undergraduate education accounts for 47.5%. The number of participants whose monthly income is 6001–12,000 is the largest, accounting for 25%. (2) The number of people participating in skating is the highest, reaching 59.7%. The proportion of people who have participated in ISS for one year or less is the highest, reaching 45.8%. From the consumption amount perspective, the people spending 1000 yuan and below account for the highest proportion, so the consumption degree of ISS is mainly experiential consumption. (3) The correlation coefficient between subjective norms and individual participation intention is 0.598, indicating that the relationship between the two is significantly positive, that is, subjective norms will have a certain impact on individual participation intention. The correlation coefficient between behaviour attitude and participation intention is 0.697, indicating that the relationship between them is significantly positive. The correlation coefficient between perceived behaviour control and participation intention is 0.745, indicating a significant positive correlation between them. The research content provides a theoretical basis for the follow‐up ISS training intelligent cognition. It can also provide a reference for the further development of ISS in China.
A new multiaxial fatigue life prediction method based on grey theory under small sample condition
Authors: Pan Xuemei , Liu Jianhui , Li Youtang , Hua Feilong , Xu Jianping , Chen Xiaochuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is always a challenge to accurately predict the fatigue life of specimens in engineering, and it is urgent to establish a convenient and accurate approach to estimate the fatigue life of specimens with different materials under small sample conditions. To solve the above problems, a new multiaxial fatigue life prediction method is proposed based on grey theory. First, established a modified MGM (1, N) model by fine‐adjusting the time series based on the GM (1, N) model. Then the MGM (1, N) model is used to compare the results with different types of parameters, and the optimal gray prediction model is established based on the gray correlation analysis. The proposed method is verified by 79 test data of 10 kinds of materials including Q355(D), and the predicted results matched well with the experimental results. It displays that the method is reliable. Finally, the predicted results with an accuracy of more than 90% were fused with the test data to obtain a more accurate S‐N field and ε‐N field of Q355(D) based on small sample by the ProFatigue program.
Ukraine's poor majority: Exploring the driving factors of subjective poverty
Authors: Homonchuk Olha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExisting scholarship indicates that subjective and objective poverty hardly overlap. This study contributes to our understanding of what different types of poverty mean by analysing the drivers of subjective poverty in Ukraine, whereby in 2018 71.8% of people self‐identified as poor despite the relative material deprivation measures estimating poverty to be around 30%. To understand the drivers of subjective poverty, the paper draws on 50 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews across low‐ and high‐income individuals, of which 38 self‐identified as poor. Data suggests that the self‐perception of being poor is driven by Ukraine's relative deprivation to other European countries, fears about the future due to vulnerability to shocks, and the perception of purposeful exclusion by the economic elite. In exploring these findings, the paper contributes to the works of literature on social status, social exclusion, relative deprivation, and populism.
LincRNA_XR209691.3 could promote Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication by interacting with BmHSP70
Authors: Lin Su , Yin Hao Tong , Zhao Zhi Meng , Chen Zi Kang , Zhou Xue MIng , Zhang Zheng Dong , Guo Xi Jie , Zhao Wei Guo , Wu Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides and lacking protein coding potential, have been proven to play important roles in viral infection and host immunity. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is an important pathogen, which causes the silkworm disease and leads to a huge challenge to the sericultural industry. At present, research on the roles of insect lncRNAs in host‐virus interaction are relatively few. In this study, we explored the function of lincRNA_XR209691.3 that was significantly up‐regulated in the silkworm fat body upon BmNPV infection. Firstly, the subcellular localization experiment confirmed that lincRNA_XR209691.3 was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Enhancing the expression of lincRNA_XR209691.3 in BmN cells could promote the proliferation of BmNPV, while inhibition of lincRNA_XR209691.3 by RNA interference suppresses the proliferation of BmNPV. Combining RNA pull‐down and mass spectrometry, we identified the host and BmNPV proteins that could interact with lincRNA_XR209691.3. Next, by using truncation experiment and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, it was found that lincRNA_XR209691.3 could bind to the Actin domain of BmHSP70. Subsequently, overexpression of lncRNA_XR209691.3 in BmN cells promoted the expression of BmHSP70, while knockdown of BmHsp70 suppressed the replication of BmNPV. Based on the above results, it is speculated that lincRNA_XR209691.3 could promote the proliferation of BmNPV through interaction with BmHSP70, possibly by improving the stability of BmHSP70 and thereby enhancing the expression of BmHSP70. Our results shed light on the lncRNA function in insect‐pathogen interactions and provide a new clue to elucidate the molecular mechanism of BmNPV infection.
High‐temperature carbothermal synthesis and characterization of graphite/h‐BN bimaterials
Authors: Chari Celia S. , McEnerney Bryan W. , Hofer Richard R. , Wollmershauser James A. , Gorzkowski Edward P. , Faber Katherine T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and graphite have similar crystal structures, comparable lattice parameters, and coefficients of thermal expansion, but vastly different electrical and thermal transport. Despite their key differences, it is possible to couple h‐BN and graphite in a bimaterial system allowing the unique properties of both materials to be utilized in a single component. Through a carbothermal reduction of B2O3 in nitrogen, the surface of graphite can be converted to h‐BN. This results in a layered system that is electrically insulating on the surface due to h‐BN, and more compliant as well as conductive within the substrate due to the graphite structural body. We discuss the high‐temperature synthesis and characterization of this layered material, focusing on the processing–microstructure relationship as well as the interface of graphite/h‐BN to assess the chemical and mechanical adhesion of the layers, and to establish how such properties are contingent on the reacting phase of B2O3. This is achieved by investigating the origin of h‐BN formation and the unwanted side reaction of boron carbide formation, through the evaluation of the thermochemistry and kinetics governing the carbothermic reactions. We establish that a reaction temperature and holding time of 1700°C for 18 h produced the thickest h‐BN layers which exhibited the highest fracture toughness over all lower temperature synthesis conditions.
Minority Minds: Mental Disability and the Presumption of Value Neutrality
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTElizabeth Barnes has recently developed an account of disability that is sensitive to the role of self‐evaluation. To have a physical disability is, according to Barnes, to have a body that is merely different from the norm. Yet, as Barnes notes, some disabilities will genuinely frustrate some life plans. It may be the case, therefore, that a disability is instrumentally bad for a person and that acquiring one may be a genuine loss. Equally, however, a person may genuinely value a disability such that it is instrumentally good for them and that they experience the acquiring of it as a gain. Notably, Barnes explicitly restricts this analysis to physical disabilities, leaving open the status of mental disabilities. Nevertheless, Barnes does not rule out the extension of her model to this category, and she expresses a desire to see future work on other disabilities built upon it. This article takes up this challenge, making the case that to possess a mental disability is merely to possess a minority mind.