bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of covid-19 and crisis shields on the financing of the catering business
Authors: Dereń Anna 
Published: March 2022

Research objective: To point out the details of government aid directed, among others, to catering enterprises in the form of anti-crisis shields and financial shields and to try to assess their effectiveness by analysing the financial result for 2020 on the example of the selected enterprises.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the form of a literature review and a case study. The study was conducted in the two selected Polish restaurants, which differed in size, location and customer specification. The study included an analysis of financial documents.
Main Findings: The study results presented in this paper confirm that governmental aid was needed, although it was disproportionate. The question is whether it was always sufficient to stabilise the situation in a catering company, in an industry so badly affected by pandemic restrictions, during the COVID-19 crisis remains questionable.
Application of the study: The study finding is applicable in practical analysis and evaluation of the support provided by the government to catering entrepreneurs facing a pandemic in 2020.
Originality of the study: The paper combines theoretical and practical approaches to the subject of thesupport provided to entrepreneurs within the instruments of anti-crisis shields.
Security structure of the European Union
Authors: Molendowska Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study: The object of the analysis is to assess the effectiveness of the European Union in ensuring internal and external security.
Methodology: the article was prepared based on critical analysis of literature and documents and uncontrolled observation method.
Main findings: the established institutions and agencies within the EU may appear to be adequate and competent. However, in reality, their effectiveness and coherence of activities aimed at fulfillment of common safety objectives often fail to meet expectations, whereas systems and operating procedures differ from the solutions used in practice. The multidimensionality of security, and above all the evolution of the challenges in terms of the ever-changing security environment, will require the EU to establish new institutions or equip existing ones with new competences.
Application of the study: security forecasting based on the main variables emerging in the contemporary security environment and adapting the EU institutional security architecture to new threats.
Original/Novelty of the study: the subject matter is very current, being a member of the EU, we participate in the identified problem.
The Opinions of Family Medicine Residents about Education and Working Conditions in Turkey
Authors: DOĞAN Ümmü , KARAOĞLU Nazan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: In residency education, the educational environment interacts with each component of the training. This study is intended to assess the perceptions of family medicine residents about the educational and working environments from their point of view and to reveal their problems and expectations.
Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, nationwide 434 family medicine residents’ opinions about their educational environment were collected using a survey prepared by the researchers.
Results: The mean age of the residents was 29.26±4.31 years. Women constituted 70.5% (n=306) of participants and 53.7% (n=233) chose family medicine career due to its working conditions. The rate of those who stated that there were no educational family health centers was 57.1% (n=248). More than half (67.5%; n=293) were satisfied with the department that they are getting education. Institutional assessment score (IAS) of those who chose family medicine for working conditions and obligations was lower than the participants who chose it because of their love and interest (p
The essence, methods and results of assessing profitability of a non-public university
Authors: Trippner Paweł , Jóźwicki Rafał 
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study is to present the meaning, structure and principles of financing higher education in Poland. The division into public and non-public higher education is presented and the authors focused on the sources of financing non-public higher education, which does not benefit from budget subsidies. The most important sources of financing activities of non-public higher education were indicated. Another objective of the paper is to characterize the role, essence and importance of the financial controlling department in the management of economic entities including non-public higher education institutions. The authors’ interests is also focused on financial documents, which provide data to evaluate the financial situation of an economic entity as well as financial measures used during the analysis. Finally, an assessment of the level of profitability of a non-public higher education institution is made with a detailed division into full-time, extramural and postgraduate studies. The revenue structure of the studied entity was also compared to the market of non-public higher education institutions in Poland.
The essence of functioning of the financial controlling department in a company and the tasks and role of a financial controller are additionally presented in the paper. The methodology used in the submitted article is a financial analysis of non-public university’s financial statement based on profitability ratios. The article deals with the occasional subject of evaluation of non-public university functioning by the Financial Controlling Department in terms of income generated, costs incurred and profitability level achieved.
The functioning of higher education in Poland should be divided into two areas: state universities, which benefit from budget subsidies for students studying on a full-time basis, and non-public higher education institutions, which may or may not benefit from such subsidies. Their primary source of income is fees paid by students in various forms, mainly in the form of tuition fees. Non-public sector of higher education in Poland doesn’t use public budget grants so the importance of Financial Controlling Departments is essential in calculating incomes and costs. The data used in the analyses came from a private institution in the higher education sector. The owner of the company did not agree to provide its name and the detailed figures based on which the financial ratios were calculated.
Pożyteczne resztki. Praktyki rewitalizacji wobec społecznego wytwarzania hałd
Authors: Kufa Jessica 
Published: March 2022

Krajobraz Górnego Śląska aktualnie ulega znaczącym zmianom. Kominy hut i szyby kopalniane zostają zastąpione przez szklane biurowce. Hałdy, którym przypisuje się ambiwalentne znaczenia, są przekształcane przez praktyki rewitalizacyjne i rekultywacyjne w miejsca rekreacji i zieleńce.
Na podstawie konkretnych przykładów takich miejsc na terenie Górnego Śląska chciałabym przeanalizować działania rewitalizacyjne podejmowane przez władze miejskie oraz instytucje, do których należą zwałowiska. Hałdy będące obiektem badań są na różnym etapie przekształceń — od zarośniętych terenów znajdujących się poza uwagą władz miasta, przez miejsca przekształcane, aż po przestrzenie, na których rewitalizację już zakończono.
W artykule postawię pytanie, jak procesy rewitalizacji wpływają na to bogactwo wytworzone w procesach żywiołowych (Krzysztof Czekaj, Kevin Lynch), przeprowadzę analizę kodów wizualnych (korzystając z narzędzi zaproponowanych przez Jadwigę Zimpel i Weronikę Maćków) oraz zastosowanych działań partycypacyjnych (Marcus Missen) w kontekście moralnej technologii (Bru-no Latour) oraz sposobów korzystania z narracji historycznych (John Urry).
JALUR DISTRIBUSI PRODUK BATIK DI KELURAHAN LAWEYAN, KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Sari Dian Pramita , Aliyah Istijabatul , Putri Rufia Andisetyana 
Published: March 2022

<em>Batik merupakan produk unggulan bagi Kota Surakarta. Salah satu kelurahan yang ditetapkan sebagai sentra batik di Kota Surakarta berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Walikota Surakarta Nomor 536/60 Tahun 2019 adalah Kelurahan Laweyan. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi, Kelurahan Laweyan sebagai sentra batik memiliki dominasi aktivitas perdagangan dibandingkan dengan industri. Selama ini diketahui bahwa sentra batik di Kota Surakarta mampu memasarkan produknya hingga pasar global. Saluran distribusi memiliki peranan dalam memenuhi permintaan batik yang luas tersebut untuk terus berkembang dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui saluran distribusi produk batik dari produsen di Kelurahan Laweyan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deduktif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan pemetaan. Data didapat dari menyebar kuesioner kepada lembaga distribusi batik di Kelurahan Laweyan, observasi, dan melakukan studi literatur pembahasan terkait yang dipublikasikan secara resmi. Temuan pertama menunjukkan bahwa secara garis besar, produsen batik di Kelurahan Laweyan terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu produsen batik cap-tulis dan produsen batik printing. Temuan kedua adalah produsen cenderung terletak mengikuti Jalan Sidoluhur, selebihnya memiliki persebaran yang acak. Temuan terakhir, sebanyak 25% produsen batik printing di Kelurahan Laweyan menyalurkan produknya kepada konsumen saja, 75% lainnya menyalurkan produknya ke pedagang besar dan pengecer. Sedangkan, 86% produsen batik cap dan tulis menyalurkan kepada konsumen saja, dan 14% lainnya menyalurkan produknya kepada konsumen dan pengecer. Sehingga, saluran distribusi yang terbentuk dari produsen batik di Kelurahan Laweyan adalah produsen – pedagang besar – pengecer – konsumen, produsen – pengecer – konsumen, dan produsen – konsumen. Secara keseluruhan, 53% wilayah yang menjadi tujuan produk batik dari produsen batik di Kelurahan Laweyan adalah Pulau Jawa, diikuti luar negeri sebanyak 35%, dan luar Pulau Jawa sebanyak 12%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa produsen batik di Kelurahan Laweyan menggunakan saluran distribusi langsung, tidak langsung, dan campuran dengan wilayah pemasaran yang mendominasi berada di dalam Pulau Jawa.</em>
PERILAKU KEGAGALAN GESER PADA BALOK LAMINASI JABON-BAMBU
Authors: Rahmawati Kundari , Sunarsih Ernawati Sri , Roemintoyo Roemintoyo 
Published: March 2022

<p><em>The development of engineering </em><em>timber</em><em> technology such as laminated veneer lumber, cross-laminated timber, and others proposes to satisfy the timber demand deficit in terms of both strength and material dimensions. In addition to being green and sustainable, </em><em>timber</em><em> has a higher mass strength ratio than concrete or steel materials. Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is fast-growing species of </em><em>timber</em><em> produced by community plantations commonly used for furniture. Jabon timber including classified as strength timber IV causes this type of </em><em>timber</em><em> is not used as a structural element. To increase the strength of Jabon wood, researchers assembled the timber with Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) which mechanically has a better toughness. This is what underlies the researchers made an innovation to make the timber laminated beam of </em><em>bamboo-Jabon</em><em>. The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanical behavior of bamboo-Jabon lamination due to shear failure. The method used in this study is experimental. The dimensions of the beam in this research are 60 x 120 mm with a length of 900 mm, a static bending test is performed. There are three variations in this research, namely variations in the thickness of timber slabs 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, and bamboo thickness of 5 mm. The results of this research show that the shear stress of the laminated beam experimental results of jabon-bamboo is 1.9 times, 1.67 times, 1.71 times greater compared to the analysis of sequential appearance transformations for the thickness variation of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. When compared with the analysis using SNI 7973:2013, the jabon-bamboo laminate beam has a greater shear stress value of 1.89 times, 1.45 times, and 1.31 times respectively for variations in the thickness of the blade of jabon timber 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm.</em><em></em></p>
The Impact of Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane on the Carbon Isotopic Composition in Marine Sediments: A Case Study from Two Sites in the Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Bin , Lei Huaiyan , Huang Fanfan , Kong Yuan , Yin Xijie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Authigenic carbonate in seep environments, as a direct byproduct of sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM), is usually absent within the sediment column because of the requirement of a strict formation condition. In this case, the lack of a reliable carbon signal may impede the identification of SD-AOM and methane leakage. Here, carbon and oxygen isotopes, elemental compositions, AMS 14C dates in sediments, and porewater geochemistry were investigated from two sites (A27 and SH1) of the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea (SCS), to discuss how SD-AOM affects the carbon isotope in methane-affected marine sediments. Porewater results at both sites indicate the occurrence of methane diffusion from the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) below. The carbon isotopes of bulk-sediment carbonate and foraminifera show no distinctly negative excursion, reflecting that these signals are invalid in response to SD-AOM in the investigated sites. Then, a mass balance model is adopted to evaluate the δ13C value of authigenic carbonate (δ13CAC). Consequently, three intervals (A2 and A3 from site A27 and S2 from site SH1) are identified, featuring negative δ13CAC values, high TS/TOC ratios, and enhanced contents of authigenic carbonate, which are most likely influenced by SD-AOM. Considering the current SMTZ located at deeper layers, intervals A2 and S2 represent the locations of paleo-SMTZ, while interval A3 is thought to be influenced by the current methane diffusion. Interestingly, the δ13C values of total organic matter (δ13CTOC) show positive excursions within the paleo-SMTZs, which can be explained herein by the diagenetic modification. In the course of SD-AOM at the SMTZ, high rate of (methylotrophic) methanogenesis preferentially consumes lighter carbon atoms in organic matter, with the remainder being gradually more positive. Our results indicate that the exploration of a reliable methane-carbon response in systems lacking seep carbonates plays an important role in constraining SD-AOM and methane release.
Heat Generation and Accumulation for Hot Dry Rock Resources in the Igneous Rock Distribution Areas of Southeastern China
Authors: Lin Wenjing , Wang Guiling , Gan Haonan , Wang Andong , Yue Gaofan , Long Xiting 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hot dry rock (HDR) is an important geothermal resource and the primary direction of future geothermal development. Granite is particularly rich in radiogenic heat-generating elements (e.g., U, Th, and K) and is thus the main target for HDR development worldwide. Southeastern China contains the most abundant granite distribution in the country and accounts for more than 40% of the total granite area. This paper analyzes the rock radiogenic heat production, geothermal flux, crustal thermal structure, and reservoir temperature in the key exploration areas based on a systematic investigation of the distribution of granite resources and their heat generation characteristics. A heat generation and accumulation model of HDR resources is proposed for southeastern China. The results show that southeastern China can be characterized by a quadratic heat gathering model that includes a mantle source heat supply, intracrustal heat generation, fracture heat transfer, and cover heat preservation. Among these, the radiogenic heat production of granite is one of the main factors that affects shallow geothermal fields in this region. Fracture structure and cover conditions also exert a strong control on the gathering and dissipation of underground heat. The widely distributed and high-heat-producing tuffs and fused tuffs in the Zhangzhou area offer promising heat-generating and heat-gathering conditions for future exploration and development of hot dry rock resources in the area. The results provide important insight on the genesis and heat control factors of HDR resources in southeastern China and a theoretical reference for future HDR resource exploration and development practices in the region.
HSP90AA1 promotes the inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via regulating of autophagy
Authors: Zhang Huang , Huang Jie , Fan XuSheng , Miao RuiJing , Wang YongWu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Peri-implantitis of tooth seriously affects the life quality of patients. This study aims to investigate the role of HSP90AA1 in the inflammatory of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) induced by porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS), and to provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of peri-implantitis.
Methods
Used Pg-LPS (0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL) to construct an inflammatory model of HGFs, and transfected HSP90AA1-siRNA to construct HSP90AA1 low expression HGFs cell line, respectively. After that, cell viability, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α were detected by CCK-8, and ELISA assay. Intracellular ROS, the expressions of HSP90α, HSP90β were detected by immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot, RT-PCR detected the protein and gene level of HSP90AA1, and relative protein expressions of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, LC3 II/I, ATG5, and Beclin-1 was detected by western blot.
Results
In the inflammatory cell model, compared with the control group, Pg-LPS did not affect cell viability, increased the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cells, and increased protein, gene level of HSP90AA1, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, LC3 II/I, ATG5, Beclin-1 protein levels. In HGFs cell line with low expression of HSP90AA1, compared with siNC group, the levels of inflammatory factors, ROS, apoptosis rate, HSP90α, HSP90β protein expression, and autophagy related protein levels in siHSP90AA1 group were significantly reduced.
Conclusions
This study confirmed that HSP90AA1 gene promotes Pg-LPS induced HGFs inflammation mediated by autophagy in vitro. It is suggested that HSP90AA1 is a key gene in the development of peri-implantitis.
An Investigation Into the Knowledge, Attitude and Predictors of Safe Abortion Among Female Students in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mutinta Given 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Safe abortions are performed throughout the world. In South Africa, abortion is legal but over half of abortions remain unsafe and there is a dearth of studies on safe abortion among students. The aim of this study was to investigate into the knowledge, attitude, and predictors of safe abortion among female students in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. MethodsThe study was guided by a cross-sectional research design and underpinned by quantitative methodology. A self-administered questionnaires was used to collect data from female students selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data was analysed using SPSS version 24, and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association of dependent and independent variables.ResultsData was collected from 1266 female students with the response rate of more than 100%. The study found that 866 (68.5%) of the students had good knowledge about safe abortion. Having ever heard about safe abortion (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.89, 10.84), older age (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.29), family education (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.33, 7.07), and urban habitation (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.36) were predictors of students’ knowledge of safe abortion. Findings show that 722 (57%) of students had favourable attitude towards safe abortion. Staying in an urban area (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.22), and age (AOR = 6.59, 95% CI: 2.72, 11.22) were found to be significant predictors of students’ attitude towards safe abortion. ConclusionThe study revealed that half of the students had good knowledge and attitude towards safe abortion while a significant proportion had poor knowledge and unfavourable attitude. Findings show that having ever heard about abortion, residence, age of students, and family education were predictors of knowledge on safe abortion. In addition, age and residents were predictors of students’ attitude towards abortion. There is need for health communication and education programmes to address the subject of safe abortion among students. Health communication and education programmes should target students from rural areas and employ age-specific programmes. Government should provide youth-friendly reproductive services to the rural areas of South Africa.
Community views on medication use in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Eley Sarah , McKechanie Andrew G. , Stanfield Andrew C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The difficulties inherent in conducting clinical trials in fragile X syndrome (FXS) mean that investigators must be judicious in selecting which potential therapeutic interventions to trial. To inform the development of future trials we set out to examine what the attitudes of families are to taking medication, and to participating in medication trials, including what their priorities for intervention are.
Results
Seventy three people completed the questionnaire. The majority reported being interested in taking part in medication trials. Over 50% of respondents were either unaware or had no opportunity to participate in trials. The priorities for future trials were anxiety, learning, language, attention and social behaviour. Attention was more commonly listed as a priority for children, whereas social behaviour was more common in adults.
Catalytic-independent function of PARP-1 is essential in regulating human islet-cell differentiation from stem cells
Authors: Dadheech Nidheesh , Srivast Abhay , Shah Rashmi G. , Shah Girish M. , Gupta Sarita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Poly (ADP) Ribose Polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a fundamental DNA repair enzyme is known to regulate β cell death, replication, and insulin secretion. PARP-1 knockout (KO) mice are resistant to diabetes while PARP-1 overactivation contributes to β cell death. Additionally, PARP-1 inhibition improves diabetes complications in patients with type-2 diabetes. Despite these beneficial effects, the use of PARP-1 modulating agents in diabetes treatment are largely neglected, primarily due to the poorly studied mechanistic action of PARP-1 catalytic function in human β cell development. In the present study, we evaluated PARP-1 regulatory action in human β cell differentiation using the human pancreatic stem cell line, PANC-1. We surveyed islet census and histology from PARP-1 wild-type versus KO mice pancreas in head-to-head comparison with PARP-1 regulatory action for in-vitro β cell differentiation following either PARP-1 depletion or its pharmacological inhibition in PANC-1-differentiated islet cells. shRNA mediated PARP-1 depleted (SiP), or control replete (U6) PANC-1 cells were differentiated into islet-like clusters using established protocols. We observed complete abrogation of new β cell formation with absolute PARP-1 depletion while its catalytic inactivation using the strong inhibitor, PJ34, promoted the endocrine β cell differentiation and maturation. Immunohistochemistry and proteomics for key endocrine differentiation factors in addition to β cell maturation markers highlighted potential regulatory and augmented β cell differentiation due to non-catalytic function of PARP-1 elicited p-38 MAPK phosphorylation and Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3) re-activation. In summary, the study reestablishes a novel ability of catalytic independent action of PARP-1 in regulating islet cell differentiation and potential avenues for pilot clinical testing of PARP-1 inhibitors for β cell replacement therapies for the treatment of diabetes.