bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of analog memristive and memcapacitive effects in a Pt/NiO
x
/NiO/Pt structure
Authors: Li Ya , Fang Paiwen , Liang Jun , Pei Yanli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The memristor-based neural crossbar is considered a promising device for research on neuromorphic computing. Moreover, memcapacitors can address the limitations caused by the resistive nature of memristors. A device with coexisting memristive and memcapacitive effects can provide rich features for neuromorphic computing systems. In this study, a device with a Pt/NiO
x
/NiO/Pt structure was developed; it demonstrates coexisting analog memristive and memcapacitive effects. The metallic NiO
x
serves as the oxygen storage layer and part of the top electrode. Analog memristive and memcapacitive effects are asynchronous; the resistance increases with reduction in capacitance. The physical mechanism for the asynchronous switching behavior of the resistance and capacitance was attributed to the reversible migration of oxygen ions between the metallic NiO
x
and semiconductor NiO in an electric field. The device was applied to mimicking simple synaptic functions such as short-term potentiation and short-term depression with small nonlinearity (0.0079 for potentiation and 0.00298 for depression). Complex neural properties such as homeostatic plasticity and habituation/sensitization were successfully simulated. This multifunctional device presents new applications for tunable oscillators and artificial neural networks (ANNs).
Density of Bloch states inside a one dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Forati Ebrahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The density of Bloch modes inside a one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) is formulated based on its dispersion relations. This density function has applications in thermal emission inside a 1D PC, as well as controlling the dynamics of active materials embedded in them. After deriving the formulations, a practical 1D PC parameters in the visible range are used to calculate the density of transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. Compared to the alternative methods such as using Dyadic Greens functions, this method is less complex and is exact. The method applies to any anisotropic medium for which the dispersion equations are available, analytically.
Development of water-based liquid scintillator based on hydrophilic-lipophilic balance index
Authors: Choi J W , Choi J Y , Joo K K , Woo H J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Liquid scintillator (LS) dissolves a scintillating fluor in an organic base solvent to emit light. LS emits light when it receives energy from external sources. In this study, we developed a water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS), where a surfactant was used to mix water and oil. There are various surfactants in the market, hence, finding a suitable surfactant plays an important role in synthesizing liquid scintillators using water. We performed a feasibility study on synthesizing WbLS based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) index. As far as we are concerned, no literature report on the investigation of WbLS using HLB index has been found. Long-term stability is very important for the WbLS, and it needs to be observed for at least a year for any changes. Meanwhile, as an application of WbLS, sinogram analysis was performed with Radon transformation. It was possible to reconstruct transverse images with longitudinal photo images of the WbLS sample. Optical tomography was done by combining WbLS and digital camera.
Room-temperature growth optimization and PL characteristic of polytype h/α-MoO3 thin films by chemical precipitation method
Authors: Ghaleghafi Elahe , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, MoO3 thin films were coated using a simple chemical precipitation technique at room temperature, without using an autoclave or other complex equipment. Films were deposited on precoated MoO3 seed layers prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates. The effects of the seed layer growth conditions and pH value of the precipitation method’s solution on the characteristics of MoO3 films were investigated. The Raman and X-ray diffraction techniques showed that MoO3 films have grown in mixed hexagonal (h) and orthorhombic (α) crystal structures and the scanning electron microscope verified that the samples’ surface was covered of both hexagonal micro rods and lamellar micro belts. The XRD patterns indicated that the crystallinity was significantly improved using a seed layer sprayed under lower carrier gas pressure, and lower pH value of the precipitation method’s solution. The UV–Visible spectra showed that using seed layers prepared at higher carrier gas pressure decreases the bandgap of the films prepared by precipitation, due to the incorporation of more oxygen vacancies. The photoluminescence studies showed that the film deposited at a higher solution’s pH value has higher PL intensity, which indicates that this sample is a suitable candidate for optoelectronic applications.
Quarkonium spectroscopy of the linear plus modified Yukawa potential
Authors: Purohit Kaushal R , Jakhad Pooja , Rai Ajay Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, the linear plus modified Yukawa potential (LIMYP) is used as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for the approximate analytical bound state solution of the Klein-Gordon equation in three-dimensional space. The energy eigenvalues and associated wavefunction are obtained by solving the Klein-Gordon equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium

(
c

c

¯

)

, bottomonium

(
b

b

¯

)

, and

b

c

¯

for various quantum states are obtained using the energy spectra expression. In comparison to experimental data, graphical modification of acquired mass spectra of heavy mesons with the parameter employed in the energy equation and the current potential provides good results.
Loss of energetic particles due to resistive wall mode instability in ITER
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Li L. , Loarte A. , Pinches S.D. , Polevoi A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Effects of an unstable n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) on the energetic particle (EP) confinement and loss are numerically investigated, for an ITER steady state scenario with 10 MA plasma current and 5.3 T toroidal field. The eigenfunction of the RWM is computed, with the associated three-dimensional magnetic field perturbation superposed with the 2D equilibrium field for tracing the EP drift orbits. Considered are mono-energetic EPs at 0.5 MeV and 1 MeV for deuterium ions, and 3.5 MeV for fusion-born alphas, with a range of distribution in the particle pitch angle. Modeling finds that less than 20% of EPs can be lost to the limiting surface in ITER assuming a source distribution uniform in minor radius, due to an unstable RWM that produces 100 Gauss poloidal field perturbation at the outboard mid-plane just inside the (effective) resistive wall surface. On top of the initial prompt drift orbit loss for counter-current EPs, the RWM induced particle loss occurs on a one second time scale, which is comparable to the RWM growth time in ITER. The ‘wetted’ area, due to the lost EPs striking the limiting surface, is generally found to be large due to the RWM. This is a favorable prediction for ITER. The loss distribution in the poloidal angle is more uniform for co-current EPs. Counter-current EPs experience outward orbit drift when launched from the low-field side, and tend to more often hit the bottom region of the limiting surface.
The effect of substrate waviness on random sequential adsorption packing properties
Authors: Kubala Piotr , Cieśla Michał 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Random sequential adsorption of spheres on a wavy surface was studied. It was determined how surface structure influences random packing properties such as the packing fraction, the kinetics of packing growth and the two-particle density correlation function. Until the substrate varies within the range one order of magnitude smaller than the particle’s diameter, the properties of the packings obtained do not differ significantly from those on a flat surface. On the other hand, for the higher amplitude of unevenness, the packing fraction, low-density growth kinetics and the density autocorrelation function change significantly, while asymptotic growth kinetics seems to be barely sensitive to surface waviness. Besides fundamental significance, the study suggests that the experimental measurement of the aforementioned basic properties of adsorption monolayers can reveal the surface’s porous structure without investigating the surface itself.
Research on Fault Location for Direct Traction Network
Authors: Li Defang , Zhang Hao , Yan Hui , Tian Xingjun , Wang Nanqing , Yuan Zexuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In view of the low accuracy of existing fault location methods for traction networks with longer power supply lines, the equivalent model of the traction network for double-track electrified railways is calculated, and the power supply lines and contacts are introduced on the basis of traditional traction network fault location methods. The parameter of grid equivalent impedance ratio proposes a modified uplink and downlink current ratio ranging method, which effectively solves the problem of accurate fault location of the double-track electrified railway direct-supply traction network. The RT-plus smart grid real-time digital simulation instrument is used to establish the traction power supply dynamics. The simulation test system is simulated and tested, and the test results show that the proposed algorithm has good feasibility and accuracy, and fully meets the engineering requirements.
Improving sensitivity of the ARIANNA detector by rejecting thermal noise with deep learning
Authors: Anker A. , Baldi P. , Barwick S.W. , Beise J. , Besson D.Z. , Bouma S. , Cataldo M. , Chen P. , Gaswint G. , Glaser C. , Hallgren A. , Hallmann S. , Hanson J.C. , Klein S.R. , Kleinfelder S.A. , Lahmann R. , Liu J. , Magnuson M. , McAleer S. , Meyers Z.S. , Nam J. , Nelles A. , Novikov A. , Paul M.P. , Persichilli C. , Plaisier I. , Pyras L. , Rice-Smith R. , Tatar J. , Wang S.-H. , Welling C. , Zhao L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The ARIANNA experiment is an Askaryan detector designed to
record radio signals induced by neutrino interactions in the
Antarctic ice. Because of the low neutrino flux at high energies
(E_ν> 10^16 eV), the physics output is limited by
statistics. Hence, an increase in sensitivity significantly improves
the interpretation of data and offers the ability to probe new
parameter spaces. The amplitudes of the trigger threshold are
limited by the rate of triggering on unavoidable thermal noise
fluctuations. We present a real-time thermal noise rejection
algorithm that enables the trigger thresholds to be lowered, which
increases the sensitivity to neutrinos by up to a factor of two
(depending on energy) compared to the current ARIANNA
capabilities. A deep learning discriminator, based on a
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is implemented to identify and
remove thermal events in real time. We describe a CNN trained on MC
data that runs on the current ARIANNA microcomputer and retains 95%
of the neutrino signal at a thermal noise rejection factor of
10^5, compared to a template matching procedure which reaches only
10^2 for the same signal efficiency. Then the results are verified
in a lab measurement by feeding in generated neutrino-like signal
pulses and thermal noise directly into the ARIANNA data acquisition
system. Lastly, the same CNN is used to classify cosmic-rays events
to make sure they are not rejected. The network classified 102 out
of 104 cosmic-ray events as signal.
Can citizen scientists provide a reliable geo-hydrological hazard inventory? An analysis of biases, sensitivity and precision for the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
Authors: Sekajugo John , Kagoro-Rugunda Grace , Mutyebere Rodgers , Kabaseke Clovis , Namara Esther , Dewitte Olivier , Kervyn Matthieu , Jacobs Liesbet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spatio-temporal inventory of natural hazards is a challenging task especially in rural or remote areas in the Global South where data collection at regional scale is difficult. Citizen science, i.e. involvement of no-experts in collecting information and co-creation of knowledge with experts to solve societal and environmental problems, has been suggested as a viable approach to tackle this bottleneck, although the reliability of the resulting data is often questioned. Here we analyse an inventory of geo-hydrological hazards (landslides and floods) reported by a network of citizen scientists in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda, established since 2017. We assess the precision, sensitivity and potential biases affecting this citizen science-based hazard inventory. We compare the citizen science-based records with two independent inventories, one collected through systematic fieldwork and another by PlanetScope satellite imagery mapping for the period between May 2019 and May 2020. The precision of the geo-observer data is higher (99% and 100% for landslides and floods, respectively) than that of satellite-based data (44% and 84%, respectively) indicative of fewer false positives in the former inventory. Also, citizen scientists have a higher sensitivity in reporting landslides (51%) compared to satellite imagery (39%) in addition to being able to report the events a few days after the occurrence. In contrast, the sensitivity of satellite-based flood detection is higher than that of citizen scientists. The probability of landslide events being reported by citizen scientists depends both on citizen scientists and hazard specific features (impact, landslide-citizen scientist home distance, landslide-road access distance and altitude). Although satellite imagery mapping could result in a spatially less biased inventory, small landslides are often missed while shallow ones can easily be confused with freshly cleared vegetation. Also, in a dominantly cloudy environment, it can take several days to weeks before a cloud-free satellite image can be obtained. In summary, the typically rapid response time of citizen scientists can result in faster information with high reliability at the risk of missing out almost half of the occurrences. Citizen scientists also provide more data on impact and type of land use, something difficult to achieve using satellite imagery. Working with farmers at village level as citizen scientists can facilitate covering a wider geographical area while reducing the area monitored by each citizen scientist at the same time.
The flexibility in choosing distinct Green’s functions for the boundary wall method: waveguides and billiards
Authors: Teston F , Azevedo A L , Sales M R , Zanetti F M , da Luz M G E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The boundary wall method (BWM) is a general purpose protocol to treat boundary value problems for wave equations, specially Helmholtz’s (the case addressed here). Similarly to most approaches, the BWM may be computationally demanding for large borders

C

, at which the wave function must satisfy specified boundary conditions. Also, despite the fact the BWM is an exact procedure, usually it is not amenable to closed form solutions. The BWM relies on the Green’s function G
0 of the embedding domain V of

C

. However, in many instances—like for

C

modeling a billiard—the specific V is not really fundamental and thus one has a certain freedom to choose distinct domains and so G
0’s. Here we consider this characteristic of the BWM and show how to obtain some analytical results and solve numerically semi-infinite waveguides by exploring proper Green’s functions. As examples, we discuss rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal structures with both Dirichlet and leaking boundaries as well as scattering states within semi-infinite rectangular waveguides.
Evolution of fatigue damage in solar cells
Authors: Li Zhiqi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the theory of the damage mechanics, the fatigue damage evolution of the solar cells in the photovoltaic module under cyclic load was established. The results from the present model were compared with that of the experiment, and showed that the model can well describe the damage evolution of solar cells, i.e., the damage accumulation is nonlinear. At the initial stage of cyclic load the damage of the cells developed fast, and the growth rate of damage slows down with the increase of the number of cycles.
665 NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURE: POST OPERATIVE DELIRIUM SCREENING
Authors: Hammett F , Asmar S , Taggart T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Delirium is common yet preventable in hip fracture patients. Adverse implications include: increased length of admission, hospital acquired infection, functional decline and mortality. NICE/NHFD guidance recommends early assessment using the 4AT tool. We aim to assess compliance with this guidance and to identify and initiate changes to improve screening and patient outcomes.

Method
Two loop audit with data collection from NHFD and electronic patient records. Initial retrospective assessment of 77 patients over 3 months. Timing of assessment, who performed it, complications and length of hospital admission were recorded. Recommendations included: all members of MDT to complete 4AT, adding 4AT as a task on nursing and doctor handovers, posters on ward, incorporating 4AT into ward round, 4AT as instruction on operation notes and departmental education session on delirium. Second audit loop of 38 patients with comparable demographics (gender, age, cognitive impairment, AMTS and ASA) over 6 weeks to assess impact of recommendations.

Results
Out of the original 77, 14 patients were diagnosed with delirium. They had more complications (50% vs 23.8%), reduced discharge to own home (28.5% vs 46%) and increased mean length of admission (15.1 vs 11.2 days) compared to non-delirium group. Recommendations improved overall compliance from 79.3% to 92.1%. T&O team completed 15% of assessments in first loop, improving to 53%. Earlier completion of 4AT assessment (mean 2.11 to 1.63; median 2 to 1 days). Improvement in 4AT screening led to reduced rates of post-operative complications (40% vs 46%) and reduced length (days) of hospital admission (median 10 to 8.2); mean (11.8 to 8.5).

Conclusion
Recommendations improved 4AT compliance and proportion completed by T&O juniors (reducing burden on orthogeriatricians who only review patients 1–2 times per week). Greater compliance with 4AT screening in the post-operative period was associated with reduction of post-operative complications and reduced length of admission.
668 IMPROVING ACCESS TO CALL BELLS: LESSONS FROM THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Morrow A , Knighton A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Call bells are a simple safety measure linked to prevention of falls. The National Audit of Inpatient falls 2017 highlighted that access to call bells was highly variable across trusts and recommended regular auditing. The national average of access to call bells was 81%. The winter covid pandemic posed a significant burden on staffing levels due to absence and redeployment. Experienced nursing staff are essential to maintaining good quality care to elderly patients.

Method
We conducted an audit of access to call bells on a geriatric ward in December 2020 (mid-pandemic) compared to April 2021 (post-pandemic). Patients receiving 1:1 or cohort nursing care were not included.
Result A total of 40 patients were audited. Mean age mid-pandemic was 88.7 compared to 86.4 post-pandemic. The average frailty score was 5.4 and 5.5 respectively. 47.4% of patients mid-pandemic had a documented dementia or delirium, versus 28.6% post-pandemic. The percentage of patients with access to a call bell mid-pandemic was 42.1% compared to 85.7% post-pandemic, a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.3, P = 0.004). Relative risk of call bell unavailability was 4.1 times greater in the December cohort than in April (RR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3–12.4). Staffing was reported to be below expected levels in December 2020 with not all nurses/HCAs having experience in geriatric care compared to expected staffing levels of experienced ward staff in April 2021.

Conclusion
Access of call bells to elderly patients remains a simple intervention in preventing inpatient falls. In light of the threat of new covid variants and future winter pressures we remain hopeful that the importance of adequate levels of experienced nursing staff for our elderly population is not underestimated. We are currently implementing a ‘5 moments for call bell access’ quality improvement project and recommend further auditing across departments within the Trust.
672 ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE TO MELATONIN IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS WITH SLEEP DISORDERS, A QI PROJECT
Authors: Melrose R , Kershaw C , Jones E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Holistic care of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) addresses motor and non-motor features. With prevalence of around two-thirds of patients, sleep disorders; including REM Sleep behaviour Disorder (RBD); can have significant negative impact on quality of life. The naturally occurring neuro-hormone, melatonin plays a role in circadian rhythm; a process disrupted in PD. In 2017, NICE suggested to ‘consider clonazepam or melatonin to treat RBD.’ Melatonin has a more favourable side effect profile than clonazepam. This QI project qualitatively evaluates a geographical subset of PD patients treated with melatonin, assessing the clinical effect of treatment and whether this medication is being used optimally. PDSA methodology identified potential for introducing a sleep scale to allow more Objective future assessment.

Methods
A departmental database identified all current and deceased patients treated with melatonin since 2015. The electronic patient record of a total of 26 patients were reviewed. Data on indication, dosing, response (subjectively categorised as no effect, mild, moderate, or good impact) alongside demographics were collected.

Results
Analysis revealed poor sleep as the most common indication for melatonin. Melatonin was well tolerated with no reported side effects. Results showed benefit in 95% of patients with an initial dose of 2 mg. Dosing was reviewed in 81% of patients at next clinic appointment. For those patients who did not have ‘good’ effect dose was increased in 62% of patients.

Conclusion
The subjective nature of sleep assessment makes assessing therapeutic benefit challenging however data suggests melatonin does improve sleep, a finding consistent with current limited research. Implementation of a sleep scale questionnaire for patients commencing melatonin will allow Objective analysis by the multidisciplinary team of medication effect and aid dose titration. Ongoing review is required to assess effect due to the infrequency of included patients and protracted therapeutic response period.