bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT METERS DURING OPERATION
Authors: Zaitseva O.O. , Cherednychenko S.V. , Hryshchenko Ye.M. , Iatsiuta O.I. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to consider the features of calibration of single heat meters during operation.
Results of operation
Heat meters belong to the field of legally regulated metrology, as their measurement results are used in calculations between consumers and suppliers of heat for heating and hot water supply, so they are subject to periodic verification during operation and after repair. The so-called single heat meters have been widely used in the equipment of individual heat metering units for space heating. The peculiarity of single heat meters is that for them the error in measuring the amount of heat is normalized and experimentally determined without dividing it into the errors of the components. The physical quantities supplied to the heat meter inputs are reproduced тепло the heat carrier consumption and the heat carrier temperature. In this case, the water temperature in the flow unit corresponds to the ambient temperature, and the temperature in the thermostats to the temperatures in the supply and return flows. However, for heat meters based on ultrasonic method of washing the coolant flow with compensation of changes in the speed of ultrasound from the temperature of the coolant, this calibration technique cannot be applied due to a methodological error from replacing the variable speed of ultrasound with a constant value. To ensure the reliability of the verification results, a methodology was developed, according to which the verification is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the error of the heat meter is determined when measuring the flow rate as the difference between the readings of the heat meter and the reference value of the flow rate reproduced by the spill unit. In this case, the temperature superheater of the heat meter is placed in a thermostat with a temperature equal to the temperature of the water in the pouring unit. This eliminates the methodological error from the temperature mismatch in the thermostat and in the pouring unit. In the second stage, the error of the heat meter is determined when measuring the temperature and calculating the amount of heat. In this case, the reference values ​​in the thermostats and the readings of the heat cell when measuring the consumption of the heat carrier are taken as the reference values ​​of the reproducible values. The total error of a single heat meter is defined as the sum of the errors obtained during the first and second stages of verification.
Conclusion Calibration of heat meters during operation contributes to obtaining reliable results of measurements of the amount of heat consumed in the housing stock, and the development on the basis of these results of measures aimed at the rational use of energy resources.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL FILTRATION PROPERTIES ON THE WORKING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VERTICAL GROUND HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Basok B.I. , Davydenko B.V. , Novikov V.G. , Koshlak H.V. , Pavlenko A.M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The purpose of these studies is to determine the effect of the filtration properties of soil as a porous medium on the performance of soil heat exchangers. Ground heat exchangers are important elements of heat pumps widely used to extract low potential heat from ground masses. In the over whelming majority of scientific works related to the numerical modeling of the operation of ground heat exchangers, the soil is considered as a continuous medium and heat transfer in it occurs only by thermal conductivity. In reality, soil is a porous medium, the pores of which can be filled with air and liquid. In this regard, in addition to thermal conductivity, heat transfer in the soil can also occur by convection of liquids or gas in a porous medium.
Results. This paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the temperature regime of the soil U-tube heat exchanger, taking into account the free convective movement of the medium filling the pores of the soil. The system of equations describing this process consists of the equations of fluid dynamics in a porous medium and the energy equation. Attached to them is the heat transfer equation in a U-tube heat exchanger.
Based on the results of solving this system of equations, the distributions of velocity and temperature in the porous soil medium, as well as the change in the temperature of the heating agent in the heat exchanger, are determined. It has been determined that the maximum velocity of the free convection flow of water in the pores under the observed conditions is of the order of ~ 10-6 m/s.
Evaluation of the energy performance of the ground heat exchanger depending on the size of soil particles and its porosity showed that a larger volume of recoverable heat is provided with a smaller particle size and lower porosity. It is also shown that when the pores of the soil are filled with water, a larger volume of heat is extracted from the soil in comparison with the case of filling the pores with air.
Reports
Authors: Wellman Rose , Klimburg Max 
Published: May 2022

Marjo Buitelaar, Manja Stephan-Emmrich and Viola Thimm (eds), Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond: Reconfiguring Gender, Religion, and Mobility (London: Routledge, 2021), 213 pp.Erika Friedl, Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People (London: I.B. Tauris, 2021), xix + 178 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Waxman Dov , Bar-Yosef Eitan , Sherzer Adi , Silberstein Abraham , Nikolenyi Csaba 
Published: May 2022

Nir Kedar, David Ben-Gurion and the Foundation of Israeli Democracy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2021), 253 pp. Paperback, $35.00.Naphtaly Shem-Tov, Israeli Theatre: Mizrahi Jews and Self-Representation (London: Routledge, 2021), 202 pp. Hardback, $128.00.Mira Sucharov, Borders and Belonging: A Memoir (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), 183 pp. Paperback, $44.99.Lori Allen, A History of False Hope: Investigative Commissions in Palestine (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020), 432 pp. Paperback, $30.00.Yael S. Aronoff, Ilan Peleg, and Saliba Sarsar, eds. Continuity and Change in Political Culture: Israel and Beyond. (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2020), 257 pp. Hardcover, $105.00.
Novel ELISA technology in assessing undenatured type II collagen in functional foods and dietary supplements used for knee joint health care: its sensitivity, precision, and accuracy
Authors: Shiojima Yoshiaki , Moriyama Hiroyoshi , Takahashi Megumi , Takahashi Ryohei , Maruyama Kazuo , Bagchi Manashi , Bagchi Debasis 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Undenatured type II collagen, derived from chicken sternum cartilage, is a novel functional ingredient, which has been demonstrated to improve joint health, flexibility and mobility, and enhancing motor functions. Undenatured type II collagen has been commercially available as functional dietary supplement worldwide for many years. Research studies demonstrated its broad-spectrum safety and clinical efficacy. Undenatured type II collagen requires very small amount to exhibit clinical efficacy and hence can be easily consumed over a long period of time as compared to the other joint care functional ingredients such as glucosamine and chondroitin. Since undenatured type II collagen is effective in relatively small amount, its accurate measurement in various dosage forms such as tablets and capsules become crucial to provide consumers optimal cost and joint-health benefits. Objective: In the present study, we modified the previously used Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method to determine the active constituents precisely and accurately in formulations to affirm broad spectrum safety and clinical efficacy. Methods: Improved precision ELISA methodology was utilized to determine the amount of undenatured type II collagen extracted from chicken sternum cartilage. A commercially available Chondrex Collagen Detection Kit was used to determine the number of epitope (antigenic determinant) sites on the three-dimensional tightly-folded structured collagen. Time and temperature were set at ≥16 h or preferably within the range of 16 h to 24 h and at room temperatureResults: The results obtained from this improved ELISA method strongly supported the accuracy and validity, which correlates very well with the results of our earlier clinical studies, revealing the efficacy of undenatured type II collagen concentrations used. Furthermore, the modified ELISA method, designed by our team, revealed consistent and reproducible results on the basis of counting the epitope sites in undenatured type II collagen (NEXT-II®) of commercial batchesConclusion: Using this precisely modified ELISA method gave 8% of undenatured type II collagen in NEXT-II®, resulting in 3.2 mg in 40.0 mg of NEXT-II®. It also confirmed that administration of 3.2 mg of undenatured type II collagen a day, both in open-label and randomized clinical trials, was safe and efficacious for joint pain, flexibility and mobility, and motor function. Keywords: Undenatured type II collagen, NEXT-II®, ELISA method, Pepsin
Fixpoints and relative precompleteness
Authors: Golov Anton , Terwijn Sebastiaan A. 
Published: May 2022

We study relative precompleteness in the context of the theory of numberings, and relate this to a notion of lowness. We introduce a notion of divisibility for numberings, and use it to show that for the class of divisible numberings, lowness and relative precompleteness coincide with being computable. We also study the complexity of Skolem functions arising from Arslanov’s completeness criterion with parameters. We show that for suitably divisible numberings, these Skolem functions have the maximal possible Turing degree. In particular this holds for the standard numberings of the partial computable functions and the c.e. sets.
Efficacy of mechanisms of neuroplasticity after a stroke
Authors: Cabral Danylo F. , Fried Peter , Koch Sebastian , Rice Jordyn , Rundek Tatjana , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Sacco Ralph , Wright Clinton B. , Gomes-Osman Joyce 
Published: May 2022

Background: The sequelae of stoke, including the loss and recovery of function, are strongly linked to the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. Rehabilitation and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) paradigms have shown promise in modulating corticomotor neuroplasticity to promote functional recovery in individuals post-stroke. However, an important limitation to these approaches is that while stroke recovery depends on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity, those mechanisms may themselves be altered by a stroke. Objective: Compare Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-based assessments of efficacy of mechanism of neuroplasticity between individuals post-stroke and age-matched controls. Methods: Thirty-two participants (16 post-stroke, 16 control) underwent an assessment of mechanisms of neuroplasticity, measured by the change in amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by single-pulse TMS 10–20 minutes following intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), and dual-task effect (DTE) reflecting cognitive-motor interference (CMI). In stroke participants, we further collected: time since stroke, stroke type, location, and Stroke Impact Scale 16 (SIS-16). Results: Although there was no between-group difference in the efficacy of TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity mechanism ( p = 0.61, η2 = 0.01), the stroke group did not exhibit the expected facilitation to TMS-iTBS ( p = 0.60, η2 = 0.04) that was shown in the control group ( p = 0.016, η2 = 0.18). Sub-cohort analysis showed a trend toward a difference between those in the late-stage post-stroke and the control group ( p = 0.07, η2 = 0.12). Within the post-stroke group, we found significant relationships between TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity and time since stroke onset, physical function (SIS-16), and CMI (all rs > |0.53| and p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: In this proof-of-principle study, our findings suggested altered mechanisms of neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients which were dependent on time since stroke and related to motor function. TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity assessment and its relationship with clinical functional measures suggest that TMS may be a useful tool to study post-stroke recovery. Due to insufficient statistical power and high variability of the data, generalization of the findings will require replication of the results in a larger, better-characterized cohort.
Proximate Composition and Sensory Preference of Beef Sausages with Unripe Jackfruit
Authors: Faujan Nur Huda , Azizan Najeeba , Norlelawati Arifin  
Published: May 2022

Underutilization of jackfruit and demand for healthier meat product with nutritional benefits and similar taste to meat had led to this study which to evaluate the proximate composition, and consumer preference of beef sausage with different ratio of unripe jackfruit. Five formulations of beef sausage were prepared with different amount of beef to unripe jackfruit were: Control (65:0), A (48.75:16.26), B (32.5:32.5), C (16.25:48.75), and D (0:65). Results found that carbohydrate contents of beef sausage with unripe jackfruit were higher (P>0.05) than in control sausage but were lower (P>0.05) in protein, fat, and fibre content. However, results found that all sausages with unripe jackfruit were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in moisture content, and ash compared to control beef sausage. As expected, hedonic test found that consumers preferred (P<0.05) control beef sausage compared to other formulations. Beef sausage incorporated with 25% unripe jackfruit (formulation A) was the most preferred by consumers in texture, taste, and overall acceptance among all sausages with unripe jackfruit. These findings obtained that formulation of beef sausage incorporated with unripe jackfruit could be accepted by consumers.
Significant Association of DNASE1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kafil Ali , Mohamadynejad Parisa , Moghanibashi Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Defects in the apoptotic process are among the most important events involved in carcinogenesis, and defects in DNASE1, as one of the apoptotic machinery components, plays a role in various types of cancer. Previous studies have indicated significant differences in the DNASE1 polymorphisms in different populations. We hypothesized an association of two polymorphic sites in the exon 8 and the intron 4 of the DNASE1 gene with the risk of gastric cancer.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 120 gastric cancer patients and 120 age and sex adjusted controls using PCR and RFLP-PCR.Results: The genotype GG (rs1053874) in exon 8 of DNASE1 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) 4.65 [2.10–10.29], p &lt; 0.001) and genotype 2/3 of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the intron 4 (3.75 [1.56–9.01], p = 0.003) are both linked to gastric cancer.Conclusion: We propose that both polymorphic sites have a part to play in gastric cancer, and so may be useful diagnosis markers.
Surface Environmental Evolution Monitoring in Coal Mining Subsidence Area Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Shang Hui , Zhan Hui-Zhu , Ni Wan-Kui , Liu Yang , Gan Zhi-Hui , Liu Si-Hang 
Published: May 2022

The exploitation of mineral resources is crucial for cost-effective construction but has also led to severe damage to the ecological environment in mining areas. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively monitor surface environmental problems in the mining subsidence area caused by the exploitation of mineral resources. Herein, the Huinong coal mining subsidence area, Shizuishan city, Ningxia, China, was taken as the study area. The remote sensing image features of various environmental elements were investigated through field investigations, the measured spectra, and image spectrum contrast analysis. On this basis, an object-oriented random forest classification method was used to classify images from different time phases and sources in coal mining subsidence areas. Next, the man–machine interactive interpretation was confirmed by referring to the pre-classification results. By overlaying the interpretation result map and analyzing the land-use class changes, the spatial–temporal evolution monitoring of the surface environment in the coal mining subsidence area from 1979 to 2018 was carried out. The results show that the surface environment in the coal mining subsidence area has undergone significant changes over the past 40 years, among which—from 1979 to 2003—the environment of the coal mining area was severely damaged by the intensive mining activities. The area of cultivated land and vegetation coverage decreased sharply, while the area of other land-use classes, such as coal heaps, water bodies, and coal gangue, exhibited a trend of rapid growth. From 2003 to 2018, after more than 10 years of mine geological environment renovation and management, the surface environment of the coal mining subsidence area greatly improved, among which the vegetation coverage has shown the fastest growth rate, while the area of coal gangue, badlands, and other land-use classes have significantly reduced. The hidden dangers of geological disasters have been drastically mitigated. In addition, the residential area continued to decrease in the early stages and then rebounded to a certain extent, indicating that urbanization was carried out at the same time as the ecological environment began to improve. The surface environment before and after the renovation is consistent with the results from remote sensing monitoring.
Evolution Characteristics of Sand-Dust Weather Processes in China During 1961–2020
Authors: Duan Haixia , Hou Wei , Wu Hao , Feng Taichen , Yan Pengcheng 
Published: May 2022

The spring sand-dust weather can be disastrous in China. It seriously endangers agricultural production, transportation, air quality, people’s lives and property, and is a subject of sustained and extensive concern. Currently, few studies have been conducted to analyze sand-dust events in North China from the perspective of sand-dust processes. Although there are a few studies on the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of sand-dust processes, they are mainly based on outdated data or case studies of major sand-dust events. In this study, the evolution characteristics of sand-dust processes in China over the last 60 years are studied based on the identification method and several characteristic quantities (including duration and impact range) of sand-dust weather processes defined in the Operational Regulations of Monitoring and Evaluation for Regional Weather and Climate Processes newly issued by the China Meteorological Administration in 2019. First, through statistics, we obtain the annual occurrence frequency, annual days, and the annual number of affected stations of sand-dust processes (including sand-dust storms, blowing sand, and suspended dust) from January 1961 to May 2021. Based on the Mann–Kendall test (MK) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), we analyzed evolution trends and probability distribution characteristics of annual occurrence frequency, annual days, and the annual number of affected stations of sand-dust processes. In addition, we investigate the start time of the first and the last dust processes in each of the past 60 years, as well as the seasonal distribution characteristics of sand-dust processes. The results show that under the background of global warming, the sand-dust weather in China tends to decrease significantly. Specifically, the annual occurrence frequency and annual days showed an upward trend before the 1980s and a significant downward trend after that, as well as the significant turnarounds in the annual number of dust processes that occurred in the 1990s and around 2010. Moreover, the sand-dust processes tend to start later and end earlier. The sand-dust processes are mainly concentrated between March and May, with the highest occurrence probability in April.
Primary Trophoblast Cultures: Characterization of HLA Profiles and Immune Cell Interactions
Authors: Eikmans Michael , van der Keur Carin , Anholts Jacqueline D. H. , Drabbels Jos J. M. , van Beelen Els , de Sousa Lopes Susana M. Chuva , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTrophoblasts are essential in fetal-maternal interaction during pregnancy. The goal was to study HLA profiles of primary trophoblasts derived from placentas, and to investigate their usefulness in studying interaction with immune cells.MethodsAfter enzymatic digestion of first-trimester placental tissue from seven donors (6-9 weeks gestation) and trophoblast enrichment we cultured cytotrophoblasts (CTB) in stem cell medium. CTB were differentiated into EVT in a Matrigel-containing medium. A subset of CTB/EVT was profiled for microRNA levels. Expression of classical HLA molecules and of HLA-G was studied by flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA. Secondary trophoblast cell lines JAR and JEG-3 were studied as controls. Lymphocytes were investigated during co-culturing with EVT.ResultsThe trophoblasts could be easily maintained for several passages, upregulated classical trophoblast markers (GATA3, TFAP2C, chromosome-19 microRNAs), and upon differentiation to EVT they were selective in expressing HLA-C. EVT showed increasing expression of total HLA-G, an increasing proportion of HLA-G1 over G2- and G3 isoforms, and elevated excretion of soluble HLA-G. These features were distinct from those of the secondary trophoblast cell lines. TNF-α and IL-8 represented the most abundantly secreted cytokines by CTB, but their levels were minimal in EVT cultures. As proof of principle, we showed that EVT affect lymphocytes in three-day co-cultures (n=4) by decreasing activation marker HLA-DR.ConclusionWe verified the possibility culturing trophoblasts from first-term placentas, and their capability of differentiating to HLA-G expressing EVT. This culture model better represents the in-vivo situation than previously studied secondary trophoblast cell lines and enables mechanistic studies of fetal-maternal interactions.
Facile Construction of Self-Healing Polydopamine-Based Composite Coating Protection of Copper From NaCl Solution
Authors: Chen Wei , Fan Juanjuan , Jiang Yueyue , Li Shouting , Ying Ye , Yang Haifeng 
Published: May 2022

Developing a sufficient composite organic inhibitor coating on the surface of metals is a promising strategy to improve the protection capability of metal materials from corrosive media. In this study, dopamine is polymerized into a polydopamine coating on a copper surface by embedding 8-hydroxyquinoline (denoted as PDA@8-HQ). The formation mechanism of PDA@8-HQ on the surface of copper is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared reflectance, and Raman methods. Electrochemical and field emission scanning electron microscopic results show that the PDA@8-HQ coating made with the addition of 8-HQ was 0.02 M and had the greatest inhibition efficiency (99.1%). When the optimal composite coating is damaged by external forces, self-healing capability could be obviously found due to generating insoluble complex species between corrosive products of copper ions and 8-HQ and the salt solution in the damaged region. This study provides feasibility for the construction of functional corrosion inhibitors on the metal surface.