bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing predictors of attitude strength as determinants of attitude stability and attitude–behaviour relationships: A multi‐behaviour study
Authors: Conner Mark , Wilding Sarah , Norman Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has been relatively little study of multiple predictors of attitude strength. Eight predictors (attitude certainty; attitude importance; attitude subjective knowledge; moral basis of attitude; attitude elaboration; felt ambivalence; cognitive‐affective potential ambivalence; cognitive‐affective inconsistency) were tested for individual and combined impact on two defining features of attitude strength (attitude temporal stability; attitude–behaviour relationship), in a prospective study over one and two months across six COVID‐19 protection behaviours (N = 477). All eight predictors were individually associated with attitude stability in individual (except elaboration) and simultaneous (except elaboration and potential ambivalence) tests. All eight predictors (except elaboration and potential ambivalence) were significant moderators of attitude–behaviour relationships in individual tests; attitude importance and inconsistency were significant moderators of attitude–behaviour relationships in simultaneous tests (only former remained significant controlling for stability). The findings highlight attitude importance as the strongest predictor of attitude strength reflected in their impact on attitude stability and attitude–behaviour relationships.
FGFR2::TACC2 fusion as a novel KIT‐independent mechanism of targeted therapy failure in a multidrug‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Chang Jason C. , Untch Brian R. , Singer Samuel , Chi Ping , Tap William D. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenetic alterations in FGF/FGFR pathway are infrequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), with rare cases of quadruple wildtype GISTs harboring FGFR1 gene fusions and mutations. Additionally, FGF/FGFR overexpression was shown to promote drug resistance to kinase inhibitors in GISTs. However, FGFR gene fusions have not been directly implicated as a mechanism of drug resistance in GISTs. Herein, we report a patient presenting with a primary small bowel spindle cell GIST and concurrent peritoneal and liver metastases displaying an imatinib‐sensitive KIT exon 11 in‐frame deletion. After an initial 9‐month benefit to imatinib, the patient experienced intraabdominal peritoneal recurrence owing to secondary KIT exon 13 missense mutation and FGFR4 amplification. Despite several additional rounds of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the patient's disease progressed after 2 years and presented with multiple peritoneal and liver metastases, including one pericolonic mass harboring secondary KIT exon 18 missense mutation, and a concurrent transverse colonic mass with a FGFR2::TACC2 fusion and AKT2 amplification. All tumors, including primary and recurrent masses, harbored an MGA c.7272 T > G (p.Y2424*) nonsense mutation and CDKN2A/CDKN2B/MTAP deletions. The transcolonic mass showed elevated mitotic count (18/10 HPF), as well as significant decrease in CD117 and DOG1 expression, in contrast to all the other resistant nodules that displayed diffuse and strong CD117 and DOG1 immunostaining. The FGFR2::TACC2 fusion resulted from a 742 kb intrachromosomal inversion at the chr10q26.3 locus, leading to a fusion between exons 1–17 of FGFR2 and exons 7–17 TACC2, which preserves the extracellular and protein tyrosine kinase domains of FGFR2. We present the first report of a multidrug‐resistant GIST patient who developed an FGFR2 gene fusion as a secondary genetic event to the selective pressure of various TKIs. This case also highlights the heterogeneous escape mechanisms to targeted therapy across various tumor nodules, spanning from both KIT‐dependent and KIT‐independent off‐target activation pathways.
Geochemistry, geochronology, and Hf isotope of diorites in the Marzheng area: Implications for the Early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhang Bin , Dong Yunpeng , Sun Shengsi , He Dengfeng , Hui Bo , Yue Yuangang , Ren Xiang , He Weidong 
Published: February 2022

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (E‐KOB) of the northern Tibetan Plateau is an accretionary orogenic belt, which has experienced complicated tectonic evolutionary processes of the Proto‐ to Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The Muztagh‐Buqingshan‐Anemaqen ophiolitic mélange zone (MBAM) is an accretionary complex related to the northward subduction of the Tethyan Ocean. Numerous intrusions outcropped in MBAM have witnessed the long‐term subduction‐accretionary process and thus site the key to comprehending the tectonic evolution of the E‐KOB, as well as the Tethyan Ocean. In this study, petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies of the Marzheng diorites in the MBAM were carried out to explore the Early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the E‐KOB. Zircon U–Pb dating analysis suggests that the diorites were formed in the Early Ordovician at ca. 470 Ma. Furthermore, the εHf(t) values (5.3–14.1), Mg# values (39.7–51.2), and Nb/Ta (12.8–14.8), Zr/Hf (33.8–44.8), and Lu/Yb (0.15–0.16) ratios are generally close to those of depleted mantle‐derived rocks and the diorites were originated from a depleted asthenosphere mantle source. In addition, these diorites are characterized by enriched light rare earth elements (LREEs) (La and Nd) and depleted high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) (Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), similar to the fingerprints of arc‐related gabbroic‐dioritic rocks. This is also consistent with their high H2Omelt (6.0–8.3%) and oxygen fugacity (logfO2 = −14.3 to −13.5) features, indicating that they were formed in a subduction‐related setting. Our new investigations suggest that the Proto‐Tethys Ocean in the East Kunlun was still actively subducting northward during the Early Ordovician.
Characterizing multiscale modular structures in medication‐free obsessive–compulsive disorder patients with no comorbidity
Authors: Li Xue , Li Hailong , Jiang Xi , Li Jing , Cao Lingxiao , Liu Jing , Xing Haoyang , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrain networks exhibit signatures of modular structure, which maintains a fine trade‐off between wiring cost and efficiency of information transmission. Alterations in modular structure have been found in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, previous studies were focused on a single scale (i.e., modularity or intra/intermodular connectivity) for investigation. Here, we recruited 92 OCD patients and 90 healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis was performed on modular architecture alterations in the voxelwise functional connectome at the “global” (modularity), “meso” (modular segregation and within‐ and between‐module connections), and “local” (participation coefficients, PC) scales. We also examined the correlation between modular structure metrics and clinical symptoms. The findings revealed that (1) there was no significant group difference in global modularity; (2) both primary modules (visual network, sensorimotor network) and high‐order modules (dorsal attention network, frontoparietal network) exhibited lower modular segregation in OCD patients, which was mainly driven by increased numbers of between‐module connections; and (3) OCD patients showed higher PC in several connectors including the bilateral middle occipital gyri, left medial orbital frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus, and lower PC in the right lingual gyrus. Moreover, these alterations in modular structure were associated with clinical symptoms in patients. Our findings provide further insights into the involvement of different modules in functional network dysfunction in OCD from a connectomic perspective and suggest a synergetic mechanism of module interactions that may be related to the pathophysiology of OCD.
Predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days after surgery for thoracolumbar fractures: A mixed approach
Authors: Nunes Altacílio Aparecido , Pinheiro Rômulo Pedroza , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundReadmission followed by surgery to treat spinal fractures has a substantial impact on patient care costs and reflects a hospital's quality standards. This article analyzes the factors associated with hospital readmission followed by surgery to treat spinal fractures.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with time‐series analysis. For prediction analysis, we used Cox proportional hazards and machine‐learning models, using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Inpatient Database from Florida (USA).ResultsThe sample comprised 215,999 patients, 8.8% of whom were readmitted within 30 days. The factors associated with a risk of readmission were male sex (1.1 [95% confidence interval 1.06–1.13]) and >60 years of age (1.74 [95% CI: 1.69–1.8]). Surgeons with a higher annual patient volume presented a lower risk of readmission (0.61 [95% CI: 0.59–0.63]) and hospitals with an annual volume >393 presented a lower risk (0.92 [95% CI: 0.89–0.95]).ConclusionSurgical procedures and other selected predictors and machine‐learning models can be used to reduce 30‐day readmissions after spinal surgery. Identification of patients at higher risk for readmission and complications is the first step to reducing unplanned readmissions.
Initial biological development of a newly established side channel at the Lower Rhine
Authors: Marga Lisa , Chrobock Thomas , Markgraf‐Maué Klaus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin the EU LIFE‐Nature project ‘River and floodplain revitalisation Emmericher Ward’, three small temporary waters and a former gravel pit were connected by a side channel running parallel to the river Rhine through former groyne fields. The initial status of macrozoobenthos, fish, avifauna, flora, vegetation, and habitats before and their development after implementation of the project's measures were recorded and compared. The monitoring years 2018 and 2019 were exceptionally dry and accompanied by an extremely low runoff in the Rhine and the side channel. These conditions likely affected the development of habitats and species populations in the new side channel. The new side channel showed intensive morphodynamic development and differentiation of its structures. While the more complex vegetation and habitat types appeared as mostly species‐poor initial stages, short‐lived species‐rich pioneer habitats such as annual mud banks in the water exchange area were already established. Two years after the implementation, the benthic invertebrate fauna was still predominantly species‐poor and dominated by neozoans. Occasionally, representatives of the more sensitive EPT fauna (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) were already detected but were, in general, strongly underrepresented in the main stream. Low colonisation potential, nonpermanent flow, and lack of river wood limit the development of the macrozoobenthos community. The relative abundance of rheophilic fish species increased in the project area and high juvenile fish densities proved the function as a nursery habitat. As pioneer species of riverine landscapes, sand martins and little ringed plovers colonised the new structures already in the first year. The initial state of the side channel represented a typical dynamic pioneer habitat pattern of a sandy lowland river, which was almost absent in the Lower Rhine area. The new habitats were quickly colonised by pioneer flora and fauna, but the potential for more demanding and complex communities was restricted by the poor structural and biological states of the Lower Rhine.
Identification and molecular epidemiology of routinely determined Streptococcus pneumoniae with negative Quellung reaction results
Authors: Jia Ju , Shi Wei , Dong Fang , Meng Qingying , Yuan Lin , Chen Changhui , Yao Kaihu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome streptococci strains identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) by routine clinical methods exhibiting negative Quellung reaction results may belong to other species of viridans group streptococci or non‐typeable S. pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae with negative Quellung reaction results.MethodsOne hundred and five isolates identified as S. pneumoniae using routine microbiological methods with negative Quellung reaction results were included. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used as a gold standard in species identification, and the capacity of matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) in identification was evaluated. Capsular genes and sequence types of S. pneumoniae isolates were determined by sequential multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined via broth microdilution with a commercialized 96‐well plate.ResultsAmong the isolates, 81 were identified as S. pneumoniae and 24 were S. pseudopneumoniae by MLSA. MALDI‐TOF MS misidentified six S. pneumoniae isolates as S. pseudopneumoniae and nine S. pseudopneumoniae isolates as S. pneumoniae or S. mitis/S. oralis. Thirty‐one sequence types (STs) were detected for these 81 S. pneumoniae isolates, and the dominant ST was ST‐bj12 (16, 19.8%). The non‐susceptibility rates of S. pseudopneumoniae were comparable to those of NESp strains.ConclusionsSome S. pneumoniae isolates identified by routine methods were S. pseudopneumoniae. Most NESp strains have a different genetic background compared with capsulated S. pneumoniae strains. The resistance patterns of S. pseudopneumoniae against common antibiotics were comparable to those of NESp.
Do early responders and treatment non‐responders offer guidance to make CPT group a more effective treatment?
Authors: Williams M. Wright , King‐Casas Brooks , Chiu Pearl H. , Sciarrino Nicole , Estey Matthew , Hunt Christopher , McCurry Katherine , Graham David P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment dropout has been problematic with evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including cognitive processing therapy (CPT). This study sought to evaluate whether CPT group contributed to symptom improvement among treatment completers and non‐completers.MethodsSixty‐one Iraq and Afghanistan combat Veterans self‐selected CPT group or treatment as usual (TAU) forming a convenience sample. Defining treatment completion as attending at least nine sessions: 18 completed treatment, 20 dropped‐out (DOs); 20 completed TAU, 3 lost to TAU follow‐up.ResultsMultiple Regression revealed significant pre−post‐treatment improvement, the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS‐IV, F(5, 40.1) = 2.53, p = 0.0436). Reviewing DOs' last available PTSD Checklist‐Military Version scores before leaving treatment, six achieved clinically significant improvement of >10 points; seven a clinically reliable change of 5−10 points.ConclusionThese findings highlight that CPT group may be effective at reducing trauma‐related symptoms among treatment completers and dropouts and point to the utility of a clinical definition of good treatment end‐state.
IFIT2‐depleted metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma cells induce muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia in mice
Authors: Lai Kuo‐Chu , Hong Zi‐Xuan , Hsieh Jyh‐Gang , Lee Hui‐Ju , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Hsieh Chia‐Husu , Yang Cheng‐Han , Chen Yan‐Ru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeat 2 (IFIT2) is a reported metastasis suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Metastases and cachexia may coexist. The effect of cancer metastasis on cancer cachexia is largely unknown. We aimed to address this gap in knowledge by characterizing the cachectic phenotype of an IFIT2‐depleted metastatic OSCC mouse model.MethodsGenetically engineered and xenograft tumour models were used to explore the effect of IFIT2‐depleted metastatic OSCC on cancer cachexia. Muscle and organ weight changes, tumour burden, inflammatory cytokine profiles, body composition, food intake, serum albumin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and survival were assessed. The activation of the IL6/p38 pathway in atrophied muscle was measured.ResultsIFIT2‐depleted metastatic tumours caused marked body weight loss (−18.2% vs. initial body weight, P < 0.001) and a poor survival rate (P < 0.01). Skeletal muscles were markedly smaller in IFIT2‐depleted metastatic tumour‐bearing mice (quadriceps: −28.7%, gastrocnemius: −29.4%, and tibialis: −24.3%, all P < 0.001). Tumour‐derived circulating granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (+772.2‐fold, P < 0.05), GROα (+1283.7‐fold, P < 0.05), IL6 (+245.8‐fold, P < 0.001), IL8 (+616.9‐fold, P < 0.001), IL18 (+24‐fold, P < 0.05), IP10 (+18.8‐fold, P < 0.001), CCL2 (+439.2‐fold, P < 0.001), CCL22 (+9.1‐fold, P < 0.01) and tumour necrosis factor α (+196.8‐fold, P < 0.05) were elevated in IFIT2‐depleted metastatic tumour‐bearing mice. Murine granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (+61.4‐fold, P < 0.001) and IL6 (+110.9‐fold, P < 0.01) levels were significantly increased in IFIT2‐depleted metastatic tumour‐bearing mice. Serum CRP level (+82.1%, P < 0.05) was significantly increased in cachectic shIFIT2 mice. Serum albumin level (−26.7%, P < 0.01) was significantly decreased in cachectic shIFIT2 mice. An assessment of body composition revealed decreased fat (−81%, P < 0.001) and lean tissue (−21.7%, P < 0.01), which was consistent with the reduced food intake (−19.3%, P < 0.05). Muscle loss was accompanied by a smaller muscle cross‐sectional area (−23.3%, P < 0.05). Muscle atrophy of cachectic IFIT2‐depleted metastatic tumour‐bearing mice (i.v.‐shIFIT2 group) was associated with elevated IL6 (+2.7‐fold, P < 0.05), phospho‐p38 (+2.8‐fold, P < 0.05), and atrogin‐1 levels (+2.3‐fold, P < 0.05) in the skeletal muscle. Neutralization of IL6 rescued shIFIT2 conditioned medium‐induced myotube atrophy (+24.6%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the development of shIFIT2 metastatic OSCC lesions promotes IL6 production and is accompanied by the loss of fat and lean tissue, anorexia, and muscle atrophy. This model is appropriate for the study of OSCC cachexia, especially in linking metastasis with cachexia.
Construction of WSe2/In2S3 heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light
Authors: Wang Xingang , Liu Kai , Jing Zhengtong , Li Xiaorui , Sun Yang , Guo Feng , Dai Hongliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe construction of a heterojunction is an effective strategy to enhance the activity of a photocatalyst.RESULTSWSe2/In2S3 photocatalysts with favorable photostability and reusability were prepared via a hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological features of WSe2/In2S3 were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Photocatalytic performance of WSe2/In2S3 was tested by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The optimal degradation rate of MB by WSe2/In2S3 reached 92% within 120 min. After eight regeneration cycles, the degradation of WSe2/In2S3 still reached 70% and exhibited good photocatalytic stability.CONCLUSIONThe enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the formation of heterostructure of WSe2/In2S3, which could effectively separate the photogenerated e−–h+ pairs. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic degradation intermediates of MB by WSe2/In2S3 heterostructure was investigated by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results show that the obtained WSe2/In2S3 photocatalyst has a promising practical application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles promote feed-forward inflammasome signaling in cystic fibrosis airways
Authors: Forrest Osric A , Dobosh Brian , Ingersoll Sarah A , Rao Sanjana , Rojas Alexander , Laval Julie , Alvarez Jessica A , Brown Milton R , Tangpricha Vin , Tirouvanziam Rabindra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) airways feature high extracellular levels of the IL-1 family of proinflammatory mediators. These mediators are cleavage products of caspase-1, the final protease in the inflammasome cascade. Due to the proven chronic presence of reprogrammed neutrophils in the CF airway lumen, understanding inflammasome signaling in these cells is of great importance to understand how disease is perpetuated in this milieu. Here, we hypothesized that CF airway neutrophils contribute to chronic inflammation, in part, via the packaging of inflammasome-inducing signals in extracellular vesicles (EVs). We confirmed that CF airway fluid is enriched in IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18, and that CF airway neutrophils up-regulate the activating receptor IL-1R1. Meanwhile, down-modulatory signals such as IL-1R2 and IL-1RA are unchanged. Active caspase-1 itself is present in CF airway fluid EVs, with neutrophil-derived EVs being most enriched. Using a transmigration model of CF airway inflammation, we show that CF airway fluid EVs are necessary and sufficient to induce primary granule exocytosis by naïve neutrophils (hallmark of reprogramming) and concomitantly activate caspase-1 and IL-1β production by these cells and that the addition of triple-combination highly effective CFTR modulator therapy does not abrogate these effects. Finally, EVs from activated neutrophils can deliver active caspase-1 to primary tracheal epithelial cells and induce their release of IL-1α. These findings support the existence of a feed-forward inflammatory process by which reprogrammed CF airway neutrophils bypass 2-step control of inflammasome activation in neighboring cells (naïve neutrophils and epithelial cells) via the transfer of bioactive EVs.