bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionally unique lichens of the ukrainian carpathians and perspectives of their protection
Authors: Kondratyuk S. Y. , Popova L. P. , Kondratiuk A. S. , Lőkös L. , Danylyk I. M. 
Published: April 2022

The Carpathian Mts, showing the highest lichen biodiversity in Ukraine, i.e. 1,395 species of 2,106 of the total Ukrainian lichens, have been found to contain the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (i.e. so far recorded only from the Carpathian Mts) (i.e. 551 species, or 39.5% of the Carpathian and 26.2% of the total Ukrainian lichen flora). Species diversity of widely distributed lichens (i.e. which hitherto known from all five macroregions of Ukraine), as well as ‘scarcely distributed’ lichens (i.e. missing at least in one or more macroregions) are also discussed. Representation of these three groups of lichens in the geomorphological districts of the Carpathian Mts and the administrative oblasts Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi is shown.The Chornohora Mts, a district of the Carpathian Mts, found to show the highest proportion of species so far recorded from this district of the Carpathian Mts, while the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts are characterised hitherto by the highest species diversity of lichens. That is established that among geomorphological districts of Zakarpattia oblast, the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts parts of Zakarpattia oblast territory are characterised by the highest number of species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the Carpathian macroregion (674 and 611 species, respectively), and the proportion of regionally unique taxa in these two florae is also the highest (483 species or 71.6% and 453 species or 74.1%, respectively). Lichens of the Chyvchyn Mts of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast are found to be the most diverse in this oblast (344 species totally), and they include the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (171 species or 49.7%). The Eastern Beskydy Mts, part of Lviv oblast territory, the only part of this oblast in the Carpathian Mts, are found to be represented by 224 lichen species of which 32 (i.e. 14.3%) are regionally unique to the Carpathian Mts.List of the rarest taxa of the regionally unique group (hitherto known from single or a few localities) proposed as candidates for including to regional red lists of Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi oblasts since the whole nature protection activity in Ukraine is done according to oblast division. 254 lichen species are proposed for including in the red list of Zakarpattia oblast, while 44, 4 and 9 species in the red lists of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi oblasts, respectively. The smallest amount of these taxa is proposed for the red list of Lviv oblast, which includes also the Forest zone of the Ukrainian Plains.
Recycling rare earths: Perspectives and recent advances
Authors: Fujita Yoshiko , McCall Scott K. , Ginosar Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRare-earth element (REE) demand is expected to increase by a factor of up to 7 by 2040. Recycling avoids the significant hurdles associated with opening new mines, but collection and disassembly of REE-containing devices are barriers. Absolute and relative abundances of REEs and co-occurring constituents differ significantly in secondary compared to primary sources, presenting challenges and opportunities. REE concentrations are typically low, but manufactured devices include only the desired REE, avoiding the “REE balance problem” that besets natural ores. Fewer REEs need to be separated, as compared to separation of the entire lanthanide series. Co-recovery of precious (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) or base metals (e.g., Cu, Sn, Zn) from e-wastes can offset recycling costs. Some examples of recently developed approaches for REE extraction and separation are presented here, with an emphasis on methods offering environmental benefits such as lower toxic chemical usage and reduced energy costs.
Graphical abstract
Linked List Implementation “Online learning”
Authors: Salama Ramiz , Badr Mahmoud 
Published: April 2022

Student enrollment in recent years and institutions of higher education have a keen interest in offering quality online MBA programs to meet the demands. This study aimed to develop an online learning platform. The project is a description of one of the methods of the Data Structure Course, which describes how to store data inside the Ram Memory. It is a website that contains a video to explain one of the methods of storing data within the memory of the computer, and the site contains a special page of training, which distinguishes it from the rest of the educational sites. The site helps to test the health of solving the issues of the student training on the lesson. The site shows how to use the pop front method, pop back method, push front method, push back method and delete the list from the memory. All of these functions could be difficult to imagine in reality, so the researchers designed a webpage to do this task.

Keywords: Linked List; online learning; webpage design.
Impacto de la legalización del consumo recreativo del cannabis
Authors: Isorna Manuel , Pascual Francisco , Aso Ester , Arias Francisco 
Published: April 2022

En los últimos años se han producido importantes cambios legislativos en numerosos países respecto al consumo de cannabis con fines medicinales y/o recreativos, que han facilitado su accesibilidad. Actualmente, Uruguay, Canadá y algunos estados de EE.UU. han legalizado el consumo recreativo, aplicando distintos modelos legislativos. El objetivo de la presente revisión es analizar los efectos que ha tenido la legalización del cannabis recreativo sobre su consumo y sus consecuencias. En general, las evidencias indican que la legalización se ha asociado a un descenso en el precio, mayor concentración de THC (potencia), mayor diversidad de presentaciones para su consumo, una menor percepción de riesgo y un incremento en el consumo en adultos y de forma moderada en adolescentes (aunque sea ilegal el consumo para ellos), así como un aumento de las consecuencias adversas derivadas del consumo en la salud pública. Se ha producido un descenso en los arrestos relacionados con el consumo, pero el mercado ilegal sigue utilizándose de forma habitual. No se ha detectado un incremento de la demanda de tratamiento por este consumo. Por el momento, estos cambios legislativos no han conseguido alcanzar sus objetivos principales que eran suprimir el mercado ilegal y proteger a los grupos más vulnerables, mientras que, por el contrario, parecen implicar un incremento de algunos aspectos negativos asociados al consumo de cannabis. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de estos cambios legislativos han entrado en vigor hace relativamente poco tiempo, se requiere un periodo de seguimiento mayor para poder extraer conclusiones definitivas.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Aromaterapi Lavender Dan Aromaterapi Peppermint Terhadap Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea Di Rsud Ajibarang
Authors: Safaah Siti , Purnawan Iwan , Sari Yunita 
Published: April 2022

Background: Options delivery birth process through the SC in Indonesia is increasing, so the risk of complications post SC also growing. One complication that arises is wound pain post SC. Treatment of pain in post SC are 2 kinds, which are pharmacological and non-pharmacological. One handling non-pharmacological use aromatherapy. Aromatherapy that popularly used are lavender and peppermint. Both of these aromatherapy can reduce pain and have few side effects.Objective: This study aims to determine differences in the effectiveness aromatherapy lavender and peppermint. Methodology: This experimental study applied experiment with pre- and post-test control group design. Samples taken were 32 with consecutive sampling. This study was divided into 2 groups : intervention group (lavender) and control group (peppermint). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney. Results: Characteristics of respondents in the age range 26-35 years by 68.8% in the peppermint group and 75% in the group of lavender. Test Wilcoxon showed that there is significant pain reduction both in the group of lavender or peppermint group, this is indicated by the value of p= 0.000. But the Mann-Whitney test showed a decrease in pain on lavender larger group than the group of peppermint, which is the value of p= 0.005.Conclusion: Aromatherapy lavender is more effective than peppermint aromatherapy in reducing pain post SC.
Instrumen Penilaian Nyeri pada Anak dengan Gangguan Kognitif: A Literatute Review
Authors: Dhina Widayati  
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Difficulty in assessing pain in someone who cannot express the pain they feel, for example in children with cognitive impairment, provides a significant obstacle in pain management. The purpose of this study is to review the literature containing pain assessment instruments in children with cognitive impairment and to discuss instruments that can be applied effectively and have clinical use.
Method: Search for English articles in the Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases, and is limited from 1990 to 2013. Through keywords according to topic and obtained 5 articles that were reviewed.
Result : Pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment can be done through rFLACC, NCCPC-PV, NCCPC-R and NAPI. rFLACC is the most effective instrument and has great clinical utility with ICC : 0.73-0.9).
Analysis: rFLACC assesses 5 indicators (face expression, leg, activity, cry & consoability) that are simpler and easier to apply to all children with cognitive impairment at all levels.
Discussion: Elective postoperative pain assessment in clinical settings in children with cognitive impairment can be performed with rFLACC. In an effort to increase the reliability of the instrument, the improvement of leg items and activities can be the basis for further research.
Seduhan Daun Kelor (Moringa Oliefera) Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh: Mini Review
Authors: Proverawati Atikah , Nuriya Nuriya 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: The human immune system is influential on a person's tendency to attached the disease. Low immunity conditions allow various microorganisms to grow and to develop, thus causing infectious diseases. High immunity components are useful for fighting microorganisms.
Objective: This study aims to examine the role of steeping Moringa Oliefera leaves in increasing body immunity.
Methods: The research method used is a mini review of research results published in scientific journals. Journals are obtained from electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct published from 2011 to 2020, in English, and original articles are not reviews.
Results: The results showed that Moringa leaf (Moringa Oliefera) has complete nutritional content, namely iron, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium and calcium. Moringa leaves can be used as herbal drinks to increase body immunity. The components present in the Moringa leaves steeping work as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that the steeping of Moringa leaves contains high levels of antioxidants that are useful as immunostimulants.
Linking Electronic Health Records to the American Community Survey: Feasibility and Process
Authors: Udalova Victoria , Carey Timothy S. , Chelminski Paul Roman , Dalzell Lucinda , Knoepp Patricia , Motro Joanna , Entwisle Barbara 
Published: April 2022

Objectives. To assess linkages of patient data from a health care system in the southeastern United States to microdata from the American Community Survey (ACS) with the goal of better understanding health disparities and social determinants of health in the population. Methods. Once a data use agreement was in place, a stratified random sample of approximately 200 000 was drawn of patients aged 25 to 74 years with at least 2 visits between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. Information from the sampled electronic health records (EHRs) was transferred securely to the Census Bureau, put through the Census Person Identification Validation System to assign Protected Identification Keys (PIKs) as unique identifiers wherever possible. EHRs with PIKs assigned were then linked to 2001–2017 ACS records with a PIK. Results. PIKs were assigned to 94% of the sampled patients. Of patients with PIKs, 15.5% matched to persons sampled in the ACS. Conclusions. Linking data from EHRs to ACS records is feasible and, with adjustments for differential coverage, will advance understanding of social determinants and enhance the ability of integrated delivery systems to reflect and affect the health of the populations served. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(6):923–930. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306783 )
Prevalence of Different Types of Integrative Conjugative Element SXT/R391 Encoding Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Among Clinical Strains of Cholera Agent
Authors: Rybal’chenko D. A. , Shchelkanova E. Yu. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Fedorov A. V. , Smirnova N. I. 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of different types of SXT element with different composition of antibiotic resistance genes among clinical strains of the El Tor cholera pathogen isolated in Russia, Ukraine and cholera-endemic countries in Asia and Africa.Materials and methods. The subject of the study was 27 strains and nucleotide sequences of 77 strains of Vibrio cholerae El Tor available from the NCBI GenBank. The structure of the SXT element and its type were determined using the Mauve and BLAST v.2.9.0 programs. Phylogenetic relations of strains with different types of SXT were identified using Snippy v.4.6.0 and MrBayes v.3.2.7 software. Assessment of strain sensitivity to antibiotics was carried out in accordance with Methodological Regulations 4.2.2495-09.Results and discussion. Two types of SXT element (ICEVchInd5 and ICEVchBan9) have been identified among the studied strains from Russia and Ukraine, which have different composition of antibiotic resistance genes: floR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1 and floR, tetAR, strAB, sul2, dfrA1, respectively. At the same time, the studied strains from Asia and Africa contain five types of SXT: ICEVchInd5, ICEVchBan9, ICEVchBan5, SXTTET, ICEVchInd5ΔVRIII, which differ in size and/or composition of resistance genes. Of these, the last three have not been found in Russia and Ukraine. Due to the high level of genomic diversity of SXT in the population of V. cholerae in endemic regions, there is a risk of importation of cholera pathogen strains with altered resistance to antibiotics into Russia. Phylogenetic relations of 76 strains with different SXT types and different alleles of the ctxB gene encoding the B subunit of cholera toxin have been assessed based on SNP analysis. A close phylogenetic relation between strains with the same type of SXT isolated in Russia and Asian countries has been demonstrated, which confirms the importation of the causative agent of cholera with multiple resistance to antibiotics from this region and the need for constant monitoring of the sensitivity of V. cholerae to antimicrobial drugs.
Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2011–2021 and Short-Term Forecast of its Development
Authors: Nikitin A. Ya. , Andaev E. I. , Tolmacheva M. I. , Ayugin N. I. , Yatsmenko E. V. , Matveeva V. A. , Turanov A. O. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: April 2022

The aimof the work was to analyze the epidemiological situation on tick-borne viral encephalitis in the endemic territories of the Russian Federation in 2021 in comparison with the dynamics over 2011–2020 and its shortterm forecast for 2022. In Russia, 48 constituent entities belonging to seven federal districts are endemic for tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE). There is a statistically significant downward trend in the incidence of TBVE in the Siberian Federal District (which is characterized by the maximum incidence rate in the country), the Volga and Far Eastern Federal Districts. In the Ural Federal District (the second in terms of TBVE incidence), the decline in the incidence has stalled since 2021. The average long-term incidence of TBVE in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation varies from sporadic (Republic of Crimea) up to 12.5 per 100 thousand of the population (0/0000) (Krasnoyarsk Territory). In 2021, TBVE cases were detected in 42 endemic regions and in one non-endemic region – Stavropol Territory. At the same time, 1015 cases of TBVE were in the country (0.690/0000). In all Federal Districts, the incidence of TBVE is below the long-term average values. Using the Quantum GIS program, the incidence of TBVE in 917 administrative territories of the country has been ranked and grouped according to the level of epidemiological risk. This made it possible to establish that 65 % of the territories form a zone of low epidemiological risk. High and very high epidemiological risk is observed in 13% of the analyzed districts. The structure of TBVE clinical manifestations in 2021 was dominated by febrile (59.7 %) and meningeal (24.3 %) forms. 14 lethal outcomes were reported. In 2021, 2 889 515 people were vaccinated (including 1 433 850 children), of which 14 fell ill. Specific immunoglobulin was used to prevent the overt development of infection in 100 704 individuals, which accounts for 22.6 % of the persons affected by tick bites (30.6 % among children). Acaricidic treatments were carried out on an operational area of 233 125 hectares of territories of socially significant objects. The scope of all TBVE prevention measures in 2021 increased as compared to 2020. In 2022, a decline in the incidence of TBVE in endemic Federal Districts and in the country on the whole is forecasted to (0,64±0,192)0/0000.
CTMC Analyzing NAFLD Progression (Small Model)
Authors: Attia Iman M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, I tackle the problem of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the statistical point of view. Using the multistate model, in the form of the continuous time Markov chains, helps the statistical analysis of the progression of the disease over time. The simplest model of the health-disease-death process is applied to the NAFLD. The model is composed of 8 pdfs and 5 rates that need to be estimated. Maximum likelihood and quasi-Newton methods are applied to estimate the transition rates among states. Exponentiation of this estimated rate matrix yields the transition probability matrix. This transition probability matrix can also be estimated from solving the forward Kolmogorov differential equations. Testing time homogeneity of this CTMC that model the disease process is also discussed by the author. This can be achieved by finding an empirical probability matrix that equates the exponentiation of the transition rate matrix, which is thoroughly investigated in the chapter. Also the embedding problem that may arise when trying to find the transition rate matrix from the transition probability matrix of the corresponding discrete time model is clarified. Testing Markovian property of the chain is also presented. Some remarks are also highlighted as regard the state probability distribution and the stationary probability distribution.
Niche shifts, low haplotype diversity and invasion potentials of invasive snail Lissachatina fulica (Gastropoda: Achatinidae)
Authors: Ananthram Aravind Neelavar , H.N. Poorna Bhat , Mahapatra Biswa Bhusana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Invasive alien species are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, ecosystems, human economy and human health. Future climate change may result in niche expansion, contraction or range shift leading to changes in their geographic distribution. The Giant African snail, Lissachatina fulica, is one of the 100 worst invaders. This study uses a species distribution modelling approach to assess current and future potential global distribution for this pest species under two climate change scenarios (SSP2 and SSP5). We tested the niche conservatism hypothesis for this pest species by comparing native niche versus invaded niche. We also quantified niche overlap and niche dynamics such as expansion, stable and unfilling between the native and introduced ranges using PCA-env. Our results show that potentially suitable niches in the present and future climate change scenarios increase significantly. The results suggest that Bio 13 and Annual Mean Temperature (Bio1) are the two most important drivers in determining the potential distribution of this invasive species. Furthermore, we found evidence for niche shifts due to niche expansion across the continents, thus occurring in climatically distinct regions. Finally, the study identified the areas of high invasibility which help in managing this invasive species. This study has implications for understanding the range dynamics of L. fulica across continents despite having low mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the invaded regions.
Uptake of the recently introduced vaccines among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia mini Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Gessese Getachew T. , Woldeamanuel Berhanu Teshome , Demie Takele Gezahegn , Handebo Simegnew , Biratu Tolesa Diriba 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaccine-preventable diseases still claim 1.5 million lives annually because of poor immunization coverage, which could be avoided if global vaccination coverage improves. Though vaccination coverage in Ethiopia has shown steady progress over the years, there are districts within the country that are below the set target for vaccination coverage. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the magnitude and determinants of the uptake of recently introduced vaccines among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia.Methods: The data analysis was performed using the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. Considering the hierarchical nature of the data, a multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed, and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to declare significant determinants. The results were considered statistically significant if p-value < 0.05. The intra-class correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, proportional change in Variance, and deviance (-2LL) were used for model comparison and for checking model fitness.Results: A total of 2833 mothers with children of age 12-23 months were included in the analysis. Our analysis revealed that 45.7%, 53.4%, and 43.5% of the children completed vaccination for Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine (PCV), Rotavirus vaccine (RV), and both PCV and RV respectively. Being in the age group of 20-34 (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.02) and 35-49 (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.91), having at least 4 antenatal care contacts (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 2.06, 3.62), having postnatal care (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI:1.42, 2.37), delivery in the health facility (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.79), and having exposure to media (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI:1.09, 1.56), and any of the wealth quintile categories higher than poorest category were positively associated with uptake of newly introduced vaccines Rural residency, on the other hand, was found to be negatively related with the uptake of newly introduced vaccines.Conclusion: The overall full uptakes of newly introduced vaccines among children 12-23 months were significantly lower. Hence, this study emphasizes the need to strengthen maternal and child health clinic services particularly, to the younger age mother and those with lower socio-economic status.