bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadless or Conventional Transvenous Ventricular Permanent Pacemakers: A Nationwide Matched Control Study
Authors: Bodin Alexandre , Clementy Nicolas , Bisson Arnaud , Pierre Bertrand , Herbert Julien , Babuty Dominique , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: August 2022

Background
Leadless ventricular permanent pacemakers (leadless VVI or LPM) were designed to reduce lead‐related complications of conventional VVI pacemakers (CPM). The aim of our study was to assess and compare real‐life clinical outcomes within the first 30 days and during a midterm follow‐up with the 2 techniques.

Methods and Results
This French longitudinal cohort study was based on the national hospitalization database. All adults (age ≥18 years) hospitalized in French hospitals from January 1, 2017 to September 1, 2020, who underwent a first LPM or CPM were included. The study included 40 828 patients with CPM and 1487 with LPM. After propensity score matching 1344 patients with CPM were matched 1:1 with patients treated with LPM. Patients with LPM had a lower rate of all‐cause and cardiovascular death within the 30 days after implantation. During subsequent follow‐up (mean: 8.6±10.5 months), risk of all‐cause death in the unmatched population was significantly higher in the LPM group than in the CPM group, whereas risk of cardiovascular death and of endocarditis was not significantly different. After matching on all baseline characteristics including comorbidities (mean follow‐up 6.2±8.7 months), all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, and infective endocarditis were not statistically different in the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Patients treated with leadless VVI pacemakers had better clinical outcomes in the first month compared with the patients treated with conventional VVI pacing. During a midterm follow‐up, risk of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, and endocarditis in patients treated with leadless VVI pacemaker was not statistically different after propensity score matching.
The Jus ad Bellum and Russia’s “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine
Authors: Gill T.D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This editorial commentary examines the justifications put forward by the Russian government for its “special military operation” against the background of the law governing the use of force (jus ad bellum). It also addresses the relevance of that body of law in light of what has transpired since the Russian invasion of Ukraine commenced.
The Conflict in Ukraine and Genocide
Authors: Quénivet Noëlle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started on 24 February 2022 accusations of genocide have been levelled against each other by both sides. This article focuses on the claim that Russia is carrying out a genocide in Ukraine. After explaining the concept of genocide and the legal consequences of such qualification, the article applies the law to the situation, drawing the conclusion that, based on the current information, it does not appear that a genocide is being committed as, so far, no dolus specialis can be identified.
Russia Attacks and the International Order Strikes Back
Authors: Richey Mason , Easley Leif-Eric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine violated international norms more than many thought imaginable in the year 2022, but the global effort to aid Kyiv has also exceeded expectations. Where does this leave the international order? In terms of peace and security, the order is not destroyed but fractured; global political economics are not de-coupled but more disjointed; and non-traditional security cooperation may be increasing but supply is falling further behind demand. Defeating Russian aggression is only the beginning of an uncertain order rebuilding project involving efforts at more coordinated trade standards, principled engagement with China, and institutionalized cooperation on transnational threats, including climate change.
Expanding Universe: Grotian Moments in the Practice of the UN Security Council
Authors: Österdahl Inger 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This contribution explores Grotian Moments in the practice of the UN Security Council in three different but closely related subject areas. The three areas are, in turn, the way the Security Council interprets the concept of ‘threat to the peace’ or more generally ‘international peace and security’, the law-making by the Security Council, and the subjects – in the sense of legal or natural persons – that the Security Council chooses to address. It turns out that the interpretation by the Security Council of the UN Charter has been remarkably flexible, expanding the scope of action of the Council considerably. Whether its interpretation of the UN Charter also deserves to be labelled ‘Grotian’, however, is rather a matter of rhetoric than law.
The Role of Tibetan Plateau–Indian Ocean Thermal Contrast in the Significant Increasing Precipitation over the Southern Tibetan Plateau in May after the Mid-1990s
Authors: Li Zhangqun , Xiao Ziniu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the interannual variation of Tibetan Plateau (TP)–Indian Ocean thermal contrast on southern TP precipitation in May and its changes in the mid-1990s. It is found that the southern TP precipitation is closely related to the TP–Indian Ocean thermal contrast, which could be represented by a thermal contrast index (TCI). The analysis reveals that the southern TP precipitation in May increases significantly after 1996. Meanwhile, the TCI also enhances notably. It is also found that compared with the period in 1979–96 (P1), the relationship between the southern TP precipitation and the TCI is more pronounced in 1997–2014 (P2). Further analysis shows that the meridional water vapor flux anomaly over the Arabian Sea (ABS_QV) acts as a linkage between the southern TP precipitation and the TCI. During P2, associated with the positive ABS_QV, positive water vapor flux anomalies emerge over the Arabian Sea and divide into two branches to the southwest of TP. One branch transports the moisture to the southern TP directly and forms a stronger southwesterly anomaly at the southwest edge of the TP than P1. The other branch stretches northward and imposes positive diabatic heating (Q1) anomalies over the Ural Mountains region (UMR_Q1). The results obtained by composite analysis and an anomaly atmospheric general circulation model both confirm that the UMR_Q1 anomalies can induce the wave activity propagating from the UMR_Q1 area to the TP and form the northerly anomaly over the TP, contributing to the convergence that favors the southern TP precipitation.
Estimating Microphysics Properties in Ice-Dominated Clouds from Airborne Ka–W-band Dual-Wavelength Ratio Reflectivity Factor in Close Proximity to In Situ Probes
Authors: Grasmick Coltin , Geerts Bart , French Jeffrey R. , Haimov Samuel , Rauber Robert M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Properties of frozen hydrometeors in clouds remain difficult to sense remotely. Estimates of number concentration, distribution shape, ice particle density, and ice water content are essential for connecting cloud processes to surface precipitation. Progress has been made with dual-frequency radars, but validation has been difficult because of lack of particle imaging and sizing observations collocated with the radar measurements. Here, data are used from two airborne profiling (up and down) radars, the W-band Wyoming Cloud Radar and the Ka-band Profiling Radar, allowing for Ka–W-band dual-wavelength ratio (DWR) profiles. The aircraft (the University of Wyoming King Air) also carried a suite of in situ cloud and precipitation probes. This arrangement is optimal for relating the “flight-level” DWR (an average from radar gates below and above flight level) to ice particle size distributions measured by in situ optical array probes, as well as bulk properties such as minimum snow particle density and ice water content. This comparison reveals a strong relationship between DWR and the ice particle median-volume diameter. An optimal range of DWR values ensures the highest retrieval confidence, bounded by the radars’ relative calibration and DWR saturation, found here to be about 2.5–7.5 dB. The DWR-defined size distribution shape is used with a Mie scattering model and an experimental mass–diameter relationship to test retrievals of ice particle concentration and ice water content. Comparison with flight-level cloud-probe data indicate good performance, allowing microphysical interpretations for the rest of the vertical radar transects.
Body Shape Questionnaire-34 (BSQ) and Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) - pertinent body image screening tools: Creation and validation of Polish language versions
Authors: Yurtsever Ida , Matusiak Łukasz , Szepietowska Marta , Evans Chris , Szepietowski Jacek C 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Body image is defined as the perception of one's own body. While positive body image has a positive impact on quality of life, self-dissatisfaction may lead to depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Body image might be quantified and evaluated: relevant instruments include the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS). This study was designed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish versions of these instruments. Methods: Translation (both forward and backward) from the original English versions of the questionnaires met international standards. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability are reported from 89 participants for the BSQ and 103 for the FAS. The participants also completed the Polish versions of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) and the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) to explore convergent validity. Results: Both, Polish versions of the BSQ and the FAS demonstrated good internal consistency and reproducibility. Convergent validity revealed a moderate relationship between the BSQ and the BIQLI scores, and a strong one between the FAS and the BAS-2 scores. Conclusion: Polish versions of both BSQ and FAS questionnaires showed sufficiently strong psychometric properties to support their use in clinical and research work with Polish speaking patients.
International Institutions, Public Education, and Student Insurgency in Contemporary Brazil
Authors: Dias Martins Mônica 
Published: August 2022

Following the 2016 coup in Brazil, strategies for avoiding the state’s constitutional duty to provide free quality public secular education intensified. The government’s education policy has focused on serving the private sector by commodifying education and training a workforce adapted to a job market subservient to the powers that control the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Education funding has been frozen for 20 years, and neoliberal reforms to secondary education have been proposed. The crux of this policy is a high school program that distinguishes between two types of education, technical-vocational for the working classes and scientific-humanistic for the ruling classes. The reforms have been met by protests culminating in a national strike in May 2019 that brought thousands of students and education workers into the streets to demand a place at the table. The society is responding to the attempt to transform Brazil into an experiment in neoliberal totalitarianism, and the struggle continues. Após o golpe de 2016 no Brasil, intensificaram-se as estratégias para evitar o dever constitucional do Estado de oferecer educação pública e laica de qualidade e gratuita. A política educacional do governo tem se concentrado no atendimento ao setor privado, mercantilizando a educação e formando uma força de trabalho adaptada a um mercado de trabalho subserviente aos poderes que controlam o Banco Mundial e o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. O financiamento da educação foi congelado por 20 anos, e foram propostas reformas neoliberais para o ensino médio. O cerne dessa política é um programa de ensino médio que distingue entre dois tipos de educação, técnico-profissional para a classe trabalhadora e científico-humanístico para as classes dominantes. As reformas foram recebidas por protestos que culminaram em uma greve nacional em maio de 2019, que levou milhares de estudantes e trabalhadores de educação às ruas para exigir um lugar à mesa. A sociedade está respondendo à tentativa de transformar o Brasil em uma experiência de totalitarismo neoliberal, e a luta continua.
COVID-19 Stressful Life Events and Chinese Adolescents’ Mental Health: Examining Resilience, Peer Relationship, and Parenting as Moderators
Authors: Cheong Yeram , Zhu Qianyu , Wang Cixin , He Minxuan , Ye Yijun 
Published: August 2022

The current study examines intrapersonal characteristics or factors (i.e., resilience), peer (i.e., quality of peer relationships), and family processes (i.e., parental involvement, critical comparison) as potential risk and protective factors for mental health of Chinese adolescents during COVID- 19 pandemic. A total of 504 seventh-grade students (52% boys) and their caregivers in Beijing, China completed an online survey in September 2020. Youth reported experiencing various COVID-19-related stressful life events (i.e., conflicts with parents, poor learning environment and efficiency, family financial pressure), and about 15% reported slightly elevated scores of mental health difficulties. Findings suggested personal resilience and quality of peer relationship predicted positive mental health (i.e., covitality or co-occurrence of positive psychological dispositions) and less mental health difficulties. Parent’s critical comparison intensified the negative link between stressful life events and youth mental health. Implications for promoting youth mental health as schools reopen are discussed.
Characteristics of Patients with Cancer Readmitted Within 30 Days to an Acute Palliative Care Unit
Authors: El Hachem Pierre , Pasniciuc Silviu , Khurana Saurabh , Samala Renato V. , Rybicki Lisa A. , Lagman Ruth L. , Davis Mellar P. 
Published: August 2022

Objective(s) For patients with cancer, the emergence of acute palliative care units (APCU) may hold promise in curtailing hospital readmissions. The study aims to describe the characteristics of patients readmitted to an APCU. Methods This retrospective study examined patients with cancer readmitted within 30 days to an APCU. Readmissions were further classified as either potentially preventable or non-preventable. Results Out of 734 discharges from July 1, 2014 to July 1, 2015, 69 (9%) readmissions were identified and analyzed. For index admissions, median length of stay was five days, and one (1%) was discharged home with hospice care. For readmissions, median time from index admission to readmission was nine days, median length of stay was six days, three (4%) patients died, and 20 (30%) went home with hospice. Ten (14.5%) readmissions were deemed potentially preventable (95% CI 7.2-25.0%). Race/ethnicity—White/Black/Hispanic/Others—was 60%, 10%, 20% and 10%, respectively, among potentially preventable readmissions and 76%, 22%, 2% and 0%, respectively, among potentially non-preventable readmissions (P = .012). Potentially preventable readmissions were more likely to have venous thromboembolism (40% vs. 12%, P = .046) and more reasons for readmission (median 2 vs. 1, P = .019). Conclusions Among patients with cancer readmitted to an APCU, one out of seven was potentially preventable and a far larger proportion was discharged with hospice care compared to the index admission. Recognition of disease course, meaningful goals of care discussions and timely transition to hospice care may reduce rehospitalization in this population.
The effect of formulation and processing parameters on thermal stability of PVC/Poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing
Authors: Moghri Mehdi , Kalaee Mohammad Reza , Abdouss Majid , Koosha Mojtaba 
Published: August 2022

In this work, nanocomposites of polyvinyl chloride poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide)(ECO)/organoclay were prepared via melt processing and various parameters including nanoclay and rubber content (ECO) as well as rotor speed were tuned to find the optimum formulation for the highest thermal stability. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) and differential thermal analysis XRD results showed that rotor speeds higher than 70 r/min are crucial for obtaining highly intercalated products with good thermal stability. From DTG analyses, it was observed that at lower concentrations of rubber, the rate of mass loss is higher which results in faster dehydrochlorination of the composite. The sample prepared with 2 phr OMMT, 30 phr rubber, and 70 r/min rotor speed showed the highest thermal stability. The selected nanocomposite showed the first weight loss at 294 [Formula: see text]. Results of this research showed that even a slight change in each parameter has a great influence on thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The hydrogen bonding mode between ECO and organoclay were estimated by theoretical calculations using GAUSSIAN software. From the obtained results, the miscibility of OMMT and ECO polymer is related to the hydrogen bonds which are more preferred at chlorine atom of ECO polymer.
Evaluating Guideline Directed Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Post-coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Kabulski Galen M. , Boughner Troy , Szymanski Thomas W. , Sokos George G. , Kido Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2022

Background: Limited evidence regarding the use of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize prescription of HFrEF GDMT use before and after CABG. Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients with an ejection fraction ≤40% undergoing CABG was performed. The primary objective was to evaluate patients receiving HFrEF GDMT, defined as a heart failure beta-blocker (HFBB) and a renin-angiotensin inhibitor preoperatively and postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included dosing, percent of patients on each individual therapy, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use, and the combination thereof. The follow up period was 1 year. Results: Thirty-eight patients met criteria for inclusion. Prior to CABG, 52.6% of patients were receiving HFrEF GDMT. The prescribing rate of HFrEF GDMT was not significantly higher at any point within 1 year postoperatively ( P = .299). The rate of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, HFBB, and aldosterone antagonists use significantly increased from 13.2% preoperatively to 36.8% at 1 year after CABG ( P = .022). Doses of individual therapies were not significantly different across all time points preoperatively and postoperatively. Conclusion: HFrEF GDMT use and doses of individual therapies after CABG were not maximized. Collaborative efforts between cardiac surgeons, heart failure cardiologists, and pharmacists could be used to optimize HFrEF GDMT use and dose titration.
Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Singh Pranshu , Mamta  
Published: August 2022

Background: Exposure to addictive substances commonly occurs during childhood and adolescence and it adds more adverse consequences in life course. However, evidence is scarce for management of substance use disorders in this population. Methods: We searched for published literature of previous 10 years on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until June 2021. The literature found relevant was organized into various subheadings like epidemiology, etiology, screening, and prevention and treatment. Results: Alcohol and tobacco remain the most commonly used substances amongst children and adolescents the world over, closely followed by cannabis. High-risk populations including street children are most severely afflicted. There are a multitude of risk factors ranging from biological to psychosocial, most importantly parental drug use and adverse experience in childhood. Public health initiatives including school, family, and community interventions have shown promising results. Early screening for substance use is beneficial with special attention on externalizing disorders. Studies on pharmacological treatment remain sparse while psychosocial interventions employing different modalities such as behavioural- and contingency-related techniques have shown initial promise. Conclusions: Adolescents and children are more prone to substance use and associated risk-taking behavior. There is a vital need for well-designed studies for assessing risk and protective factors, comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention modalities in children and adolescents including street children and other high-risk population.
Systematic Review of Psychiatric Adverse Effects Induced by Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: Case Reports and Population Studies
Authors: Talarico Fernanda , Chakravarty Sucheta , Liu Yang S. , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Cao Bo 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To perform a systematic review on the psychiatric adverse effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ); to summarize what is known about psychiatric adverse effects of these drugs; to compare clinical trials, populational studies, and case report studies; and to increase awareness of the potential psychiatric adverse effects of these drugs. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to identify manuscripts published between December 1962 and June 2022. Search terms included CQ, HCQ, psychiatry, psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, delirium, and psychotic disorders. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant studies included reports of adverse effects after CQ or HCQ ingestion. Data Synthesis: The current literature presents evidence for a risk of short-term psychiatric adverse effects induced by either CQ or HCQ. However, the populational-level studies presented some limitations regarding the voluntary response in survey data, self-report adverse effects, and placebo group reporting similar symptoms to the case group. Thus, populational-level studies addressing the discussed limitations and the nature and extent of possible psychiatric adverse effects are needed. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Most of the patients who developed such adverse effects did not report a family history of psychiatric disease. The frequency of psychiatric adverse effects depends on the patient’s biological sex, age, and body mass index, but not on the drug dosage. Conclusions: Based on clinical trials and case reports, the current literature presents evidence for a risk of short-term psychiatric adverse effects induced by either drug.