bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from real-time comprehension of Spanish verbal tense in children with developmental language disorder: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Christou Spyros , Andreu Llorenç , Coloma Carmen Julia , Guerra Ernesto , Araya Claudia , Rodriguez-Ferreiro Javier , Sanz-Torrent Monica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe comprehension of Spanish verbal future and past tense of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) was evaluated in an eye-tracking experiment with 96 Spanish- and Catalan-speaking participants distributed in 4 groups: 24 children with DLD (Mage7.8 years), 24 children with the same chronological age (Mage7.8), 24 children with the same linguistic level (Mage6.8 years), and 24 adults (Mage22.5 years). Empirical data revealed that children with DLD can comprehend verbal tense, at least in the present experimental conditions. Based on the empirical results and despite some minor differences between the DLD group and the chronological control group, we suggest that tense morphology comprehension in DLD might be more typical than what is generally considered. Additionally, we propose that verbal comprehension difficulties in children with DLD might be less related to the lack of understanding of specific morphological markers, and more to an accumulation of difficulty which leads to a linguistic processing slowdown.
The marketplace of rationalizations
Authors: Williams Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent work in economics has rediscovered the importance of belief-based utility for understanding human behaviour. Belief ‘choice’ is subject to an important constraint, however: people can only bring themselves to believe things for which they can find rationalizations. When preferences for similar beliefs are widespread, this constraint generates rationalization markets, social structures in which agents compete to produce rationalizations in exchange for money and social rewards. I explore the nature of such markets, I draw on political media to illustrate their characteristics and behaviour, and I highlight their implications for understanding motivated cognition and misinformation.
COVID-19 testing trends: pre-radiation and throughout cancer care
Authors: Messing Ian , Felps Miriam , Goyal Sharad , Rao Yuan James , Schreiner Katherine , Scully Diana , Ojong-Ntui Martin , Huynh-Le Minh-Phuong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Patients presenting for radiation therapy (RT) at a single institution were analysed regarding treatment delays and disparities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
The study was conducted at an urban multidisciplinary cancer centre. In April 2020, the institution’s radiation oncology department implemented universal COVID-19 screening protocols prior to RT initiation. COVID-19 testing information on cancer patients planned for RT from 04/2020 to 01/2021 was reviewed. Trends of other lifetime COVID-19 testing and overall care delays were also studied.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-four consecutive cancer patients received RT. Median age was 63 years (range 24–94) and 57·9% (n = 147) were Black. Most (n = 107, 42·1%) patients were insured through Medicare. 42·9% (n = 109) presented with stage IV disease. One (0·4%) asymptomatic patient tested positive for COVID-19 pre-RT. The cohort received 975 lifetime COVID-19 tests (median 3 per patient, range 1–18) resulting in 29 positive test results across 21 patients. Sixteen patients had RT delays. Identifying as Hispanic/Latino was associated with testing positive for COVID-19 (p = 0·015) and RT delay (p = 0·029).

Conclusion:
Most patients with cancer planned for RT tested negative for COVID-19 and proceeded to RT without delay. However, increased testing burden, delays in diagnostic workup and testing positive for COVID-19 may intensify disparities affecting this urban patient population.
Becoming virtually real: using the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT™) platform for the summative assessment of performance in a palliative radiotherapy treatment technique
Authors: Williams Andrew , Blane Shelley 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Direct observation in the radiotherapy clinic remains the primary method for the assessment of procedural skills. But with increasing automation and reductions in clinical placement time during the recent pandemic, the role of summative, simulation-based assessment is being revisited. The aim of this article is to share early experiences of using Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) in the assessment of a palliative, parallel pair, external beam treatment delivery technique in a new pre-registration undergraduate programme.

Methods:
Eight first-year students completed a campus-based individual virtual assessment using virtual patient plans representing metastatic disease in the brain and pelvis and late-stage primary lung tumours. Performance was logged on a 25-item checklist for pre and post-procedure checks and treatment delivery tasks.

Results:
All eight students participated in the assessment with seven students (87·5%) achieving a pass grade at first attempt. The course team observed that participants demonstrated a range of skills and abilities and were able to compare and contrast individual approaches to patient positioning. Specific feed-forward action points were also highlighted as areas for students’ to focus on during their second placement. The project also identified logistical benefits for assessment teams.

Conclusions:
While these experiences are a single snapshot, a VERT simulation-based summative assessment is feasible and identified benefits included controlled observation and structured feedback on individual performance and scheduling pressure reductions for clinical teams. However, more work is needed to determine the psychometric qualities and predictability of performance in more complex techniques.
The Acknowledge–Normalize–Partner (ANP) Framework: A novel empathic communication tool for oncology nurses
Authors: Kramer Dana , Chow Kimberly , Davis Mary Elizabeth , Nelson Judith E. , Anderson Kelley , Okpako Molly , Bernal Camila , Malisse Catherine E. , Goldberg Jessica I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and implementation of a novel tool designed to enhance nurse–patient communication in a major academic cancer center, which nurses can learn quickly, incorporate into their primary palliative care practice, and broadly disseminate in order to improve the patient experience.MethodAn evidence-based empathic communication tool and educational program were designed to provide essential skills to oncology nurses in having discussions with patients about their personal values. Evaluation included nurse focus groups, pre- and post-course evaluations and interviews, and patient questionnaires.ResultsNurses were satisfied with the educational program and found the communication tool effective in a variety of clinical situations including discussions about personal values. Patients reported increased occurrences of these discussions when nurses utilized the framework (97% vs. 58%, p < 0.0001) and a higher quality of clinician communication (mean [SD] from 0 = very worst to 10 = very best: 7.18 [2.3] vs. 5.04 [2.9], p = 0.001).Significance of resultsSkilled, empathic communication is an essential component of high-quality primary palliative care. Oncology nurses are well suited to lead communication and provide this care as part of an interprofessional team. The training and tool described here are targeted and efficient, and prepare nurses to respond skillfully to emotion while facilitating important discussions about patient values.
Opposing abortion in a feminist paradise: Conservative rhetoric in Iceland
Authors: Sigvaldason Gunnar , Ómarsdóttir Silja Bára 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the conservative opposition to Iceland’s recently liberalised abortion laws. It argues that the opposition belongs to a long and rich history of conservatives willing to employ diverse measures to oppose progress. It further claims that the rhetoric employed has strong roots in the conservative tradition. This is demonstrated by the fact that the discourse in Iceland fits within Hirschman’s analytical framework, through which he analyses the main arguments of conservatives in the past. Icelandic conservatives argued that the proposed legislation would lead to the perverse effect that healthy foetuses would be aborted, that the legislation was futile, as the system was already well-functioning, and that it would jeopardise women by giving them the sole responsibility of deciding whether to terminate a pregnancy. The article sheds light on the underlying resistance to women’s bodily autonomy and right to self-determination. It also illustrates the importance of hierarchy and conservatism’s opposition to equality that is perceived to be taken too far. In light of global trends, where conservatives have tried to implement policies that are hostile towards women and women’s interests, it is important to explore national contexts where legislative success has been achieved despite global backlash.
The Stratospheric Diurnal Cycle in COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Data: Scientific Applications
Authors: Leroy S. S. , Gleisner H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe diurnal cycle throughout the stratosphere is analyzed by applying Bayesian interpolation to Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) Global Positioning System radio occultation (RO) data and three scientific applications of the analysis are introduced. First, the migrating thermal tides are analyzed with unprecedented accuracy and precision, with an uncertainty in the analysis of the vertically propagating tides ranging from 0.1 in the lower stratosphere to 0.6 K in the upper stratosphere for an individual month of RO data and with an uncertainty in a 10‐year climatological diurnal cycle a factor of 10 less. Moreover, the midlatitude trapped tide is found to be smaller than what is produced by an atmospheric model and lags the model in phase, a likely consequence of a faulty parameterization of eddy diffusivity in the upper stratosphere. Second, a clear signal of solar cycle influence on the diurnal cycle is evident in this analysis, but whether the cause is the systematic bias of ionospheric residual associated with RO retrieval or it is an actual atmospheric phenomenon is less clear. Third, RO satellites and missions that obtain inadequate coverage of the diurnal cycle will be biased by under‐sampling it, whether or not subsampling weather forecasts is used to removal sampling error. The analysis of the diurnal cycle in COSMIC RO data can be used to diagnose the systematic sampling error incurred by incomplete coverage of the diurnal cycle, which is of the order of 0.2 K for a Metop‐based RO climatology.
Linking the Subsurface Indian Ocean Dipole to Central Pacific ENSO
Authors: Song G. , Ren R. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe identified a remote linkage from the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to the subsurface Indian Ocean dipole (Sub‐IOD) occurring in winter‐to‐spring. Although most Sub‐IOD events co‐occur with a surface Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in autumn, some Sub‐IOD events develop independently in winter‐to‐spring. These spring Sub‐IODs are usually accompanied by a CP ENSO event that develops in the winter, peaks in early spring, and has a more westward‐located sea surface temperature anomaly over the central equatorial Pacific (around 180°E). The sea surface temperature anomaly and the accompanying surface zonal wind anomalie during these western CP El Niño (La Niña) events contributes to an anomalous descending (ascending) branch of the Walker circulation over the Indo‐Pacific region and easterly (westerly) anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean from winter to the following spring. This helps to trigger a positive (negative) Sub‐IOD event.
Storstrømmen and L. Bistrup Bræ, North Greenland, Protected From Warm Atlantic Ocean Waters
Authors: Rignot Eric , Bjork Anders , Chauche Nolwenn , Klaucke Ingo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStorstrømmen and L. Bistrup Bræ are 20‐ and 10‐km wide, surge type glaciers in North Greenland in quiescent phase that terminate in the southernmost floating ice tongue in East Greenland. Novel multi‐beam echo sounding data collected in August 2020 indicate a seabed at 350–400 m depth along a relatively uniform ice shelf front, 100 m deeper than expected, but surrounded by shallower terrain (<100 m) over a 30‐km wide region that blocks the access of warm, salty, subsurface Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) at +1.6°C. Conductivity temperature depth data reveal waters in front of the glaciers at −1.8°C not connected to AIW in the outer fjord, Dove Bugt. The recent grounding line retreat of the glaciers is attributed to glacier thinning at its ablation rate, with little influence of ocean waters, which illustrates the fundamental importance of knowing the bathymetry of glacial fjords.
Elucidating Coastal Ocean Carbon Transport Processes: A Novel Approach Applied to the Northwest North Atlantic Shelf
Authors: Rutherford Krysten , Fennel Katja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA latitudinal pattern in coastal air‐sea CO2 flux has emerged where mid‐and high‐latitude shelves act as net sinks and low‐latitude shelves as net sources to the atmosphere. Regional studies, however, report the mid‐latitude Scotian Shelf (SS) at the eastern Canadian seaboard acts as a large source of CO2, contradicting several global syntheses. Here, we combine observations and a regional biogeochemical model to explain, for the first time, how this net outgassing of CO2 is sustained. We employ a novel approach using passive dye tracers to estimate how carbonate properties change along dominant transport pathways. We show that cold, carbon‐rich subpolar North Atlantic water is a dominant endmember that warms and combines with low alkalinity (TA), carbon‐deplete freshwater from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, becoming oversaturated with CO2 on the SS. Our approach explicitly considers the 3‐dimensional nature of coastal ocean transport processes and should be applied to other shelf regions.
Exploring Ocean Circulation on Icy Moons Heated From Below
Authors: Bire Suyash , Kang Wanying , Ramadhan Ali , Campin Jean‐Michel , Marshall John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe numerically explore convection and general circulation of an ocean, encased in a spherical shell of uniform thickness, heated from below by a spatially uniform heat flux, and whose temperature at the upper surface is relaxed to the freezing point of water. The role of salt is not considered. We describe the phenomenology and equilibrium solutions across a broad range of two key non‐dimensional numbers: the natural Rossby number, a measure of the influence of rotation, and the ratio of inner to outer radius of the moon's ocean, a measure of the geometry of the moon's tangent cylinder. Two distinct regimes of circulation are identified, both dominated by Taylor columns aligned with the rotation axis—“plumes” and “rolls” which predominate inside and outside the tangent cylinder, respectively. Inside the tangent cylinder, convective plumes align with Taylor columns that extend from the bottom to the ice shell. The plumes energize geostrophic turbulence which in turn generates a general circulation consisting counter‐rotating zonal jets. Moreover, the plumes are efficient at transferring heat from the bottom to the surface, resulting in loss of heat from the ocean to the polar ice. If the plumes are suppressed rolls outside the tangent cylinder become the dominant mode of heat transfer resulting in equatorial cooling. We conclude that if moons such as Enceladus and Europa were to be predominantly heated from below, they will likely have a “Jovian‐like” circulation: an unstratified, turbulent, geostrophically controlled ocean with strong “Taylor column” behavior and a circulation dominated by counter‐rotating zonal jets.
Development of a Process‐Based N2O Emission Model for Natural Forest and Grassland Ecosystems
Authors: Ma Minna , Song Chaoqing , Fang Huajun , Zhang Jingbo , Wei Jing , Liu Shurong , Chen Xiuzhi , Zhang Kerou , Yuan Wenping , Lu Haibo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForests and grasslands play a significant role in global nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, while a sophisticated model is missing to interpret the microbial processes involved in N2O production and consumption in these ecosystems. A new N2O emission model, MicN model, was developed for natural forest and grassland ecosystems by integrating with Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS). This new model includes four major N2O correlated processes: autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and denitrifier denitrification. Thirty‐nine observation sites, including various forest and grassland ecosystem types, were selected to calibrate and validate IBIS‐MicN model. The IBIS‐MicN model explained 89% and 85% of observed daily variability in N2O emission for all calibration and validation sites, respectively. In addition, the model successfully predicted the concentrations of two important intermediates (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) for N2O production at nine validation sites. Compared with Forest‐DNDC model, IBIS‐MicN model performed better in simulating N2O emission, soil NH4+ and NO3−concentrations. At site scale, the simulated N2O emissions by IBIS‐MicN model positively correlated with annual mean soil temperature and annual precipitation, but negatively correlated with soil pH. This study provides an alternative model to estimate global N2O emission from natural forest and grassland ecosystems and to investigate corresponding environmental regulations.
Modeling Intra‐ and Interannual Variability of BVOC Emissions From Maize, Oil‐Seed Rape, and Ryegrass
Authors: Havermann Felix , Ghirardo Andrea , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Nendel Claas , Hoffmann Mathias , Kraus David , Grote Rüdiger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAir chemistry is affected by the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which originate from almost all plants in varying qualities and quantities. They also vary widely among different crops, an aspect that has been largely neglected in emission inventories. In particular, bioenergy‐related species can emit mixtures of highly reactive compounds that have received little attention so far. For such species, long‐term field observations of BVOC exchange from relevant crops covering different phenological phases are scarcely available. Therefore, we measured and modeled the emission of three prominent European bioenergy crops (maize, ryegrass, and oil‐seed rape) for full rotations in north‐eastern Germany. Using a proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometer combined with automatically moving large canopy chambers, we were able to quantify the characteristic seasonal BVOC flux dynamics of each crop species. The measured BVOC fluxes were used to parameterize and evaluate the BVOC emission module (JJv) of the physiology‐oriented LandscapeDNDC model, which was enhanced to cover de novo emissions as well as those from plant storage pools. Parameters are defined for each compound individually. The model is used for simulating total compound‐specific reactivity over several years and also to evaluate the importance of these emissions for air chemistry. We can demonstrate substantial differences between the investigated crops with oil‐seed rape having 37‐fold higher total annual emissions than maize. However, due to a higher chemical reactivity of the emitted blend in maize, potential impacts on atmospheric OH‐chemistry are only 6‐fold higher.
The Vertical Structure and Entrainment of Subglacial Melt Water Plumes
Authors: Burchard Hans , Bolding Karsten , Jenkins Adrian , Losch Martin , Reinert Markus , Umlauf Lars 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBasal melting of marine‐terminating glaciers, through its impact on the forces that control the flow of the glaciers, is one of the major factors determining sea level rise in a world of global warming. Detailed quantitative understanding of dynamic and thermodynamic processes in melt‐water plumes underneath the ice‐ocean interface is essential for calculating the subglacial melt rate. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a numerical model of high spatial and process resolution to consistently reproduce the transports of heat and salt from the ambient water across the plume into the glacial ice. Based on boundary layer relations for momentum and tracers, stationary analytical solutions for the vertical structure of subglacial non‐rotational plumes are derived, including entrainment at the plume base. These solutions are used to develop and test convergent numerical formulations for the momentum and tracer fluxes across the ice‐ocean interface. After implementation of these formulations into a water‐column model coupled to a second‐moment turbulence closure model, simulations of a transient rotational subglacial plume are performed. The simulated entrainment rate of ambient water entering the plume at its base is compared to existing entrainment parameterizations based on bulk properties of the plume. A sensitivity study with variations of interfacial slope, interfacial roughness and ambient water temperature reveals substantial performance differences between these bulk formulations. An existing entrainment parameterization based on the Froude number and the Ekman number proves to have the highest predictive skill. Recalibration to subglacial plumes using a variable drag coefficient further improves its performance.
An orally available, brain penetrant, small molecule lowers huntingtin levels by enhancing pseudoexon inclusion
Authors: Keller Caroline Gubser , Shin Youngah , Monteys Alex Mas , Renaud Nicole , Beibel Martin , Teider Natalia , Peters Thomas , Faller Thomas , St-Cyr Sophie , Knehr Judith , Roma Guglielmo , Reyes Alejandro , Hild Marc , Lukashev Dmitriy , Theil Diethilde , Dales Natalie , Cha Jang-Ho , Borowsky Beth , Dolmetsch Ricardo , Davidson Beverly L. , Sivasankaran Rajeev 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuntington’s Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansions in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The mutant HTT (mHTT) protein causes neuronal dysfunction, causing progressive motor, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Current treatments for HD only alleviate symptoms, but cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or central nervous system (CNS) delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or virus vectors expressing RNA-induced silencing (RNAi) moieties designed to induce mHTT mRNA lowering have progressed to clinical trials. Here, we present an alternative disease modifying therapy the orally available, brain penetrant small molecule branaplam. By promoting inclusion of a pseudoexon in the primary transcript, branaplam lowers mHTT protein levels in HD patient cells, in an HD mouse model and in blood samples from Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Type I patients dosed orally for SMA (NCT02268552). Our work paves the way for evaluating branaplam’s utility as an HD therapy, leveraging small molecule splicing modulators to reduce expression of dominant disease genes by driving pseudoexon inclusion.