bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning Methods to Solve Problems of Monitoring the State of Steel Structure Elements
Authors: Gaponova Maria , Dementev Vitalii , Suetin Marat , Tashlinskii Aleksandr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the issues related to the monitoring of the state of steel structures. Such monitoring is proposed to be based on the processing of video images obtained during the inspection of structural elements. The pro-cessing is performed using combinations of artificial neural networks that have passed special training procedures based on transfer learning technologies. This approach allows to overcome the problems of training and post-training of neural networks on small volume samples. The received results allow to claim the possibility of using the developed procedures for searching important classes of defects (in particular, cracks) on images and defining their parameters (size, class, danger degree, etc.). Thus work quality of these procedures (in particular the probability of correct detection and false alarms) appears to be close to the quality of work of competent personnel.
Detection of Wildfire Targets in Transmission Line Images Based on Joint Learning
Authors: Li Xuxu , Tang Jun , Ma Xiaomin , Chen Kena , Liu Xiaojiang , Liu Yicen , Zhu Xu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effective detection of wildfires in transmission lines is of great significance to ensure the safety of transmission lines. Based on the traditional target detection framework, we fully consider the small sample set characteristics of wildfires, and propose a joint learning framework to improve the performance of wildfire target detection. Specifically, we make full use of massive normal transmission line samples for sample reconstruction learning, and fully exploit the attribute knowledge of massive normal samples to small sample target detection; further, we also propose a shrink augment module to enhance the representation power of feature map by augmenting the difference between wildfire targets and the normal background. Finally, data augmentation and joint learning are combined to creatively solve the problem of wildfires detection under the limitation of training samples. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Broken-axisymmetry state and magnetic state diagram of spin-1 condensate through the prism of quadrupole degrees of freedom
Authors: Bulakhov M , Peletminskii A S , Peletminskii S V , Slyusarenko Yu V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We theoretically study a weakly interacting gas of spin-1 atoms with Bose–Einstein condensate in external magnetic field within the Bogoliubov approach. To this end, in contrast to previous studies, we employ the general Hamiltonian, which includes both spin and quadrupole exchange interactions as well as the couplings of the spin and quadrupole moment with the external magnetic field (the linear and quadratic Zeeman terms). The latter is responsible for the emergence of the broken-axisymmetry state. We also reexamine ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, and paramagnetic states employing the proposed Hamiltonian. For all magnetic states, we find the relevant thermodynamic characteristics such as magnetization, quadrupole moment, thermodynamic potential. We also obtain three-branch excitation spectrum of the broken-axisymmetry state. We show that this state can be prepared at three different regimes of applied magnetic field. Finally, we present the magnetic state diagrams for each regime of realizing the broken-axisymmetry state.
Effect of machining parameters on surface roughness and energy consumption during end milling of stir cast Al-4032/6%SiC composite
Authors: Saini Pardeep , Singh Pradeep K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The machining of metal matrix composite (MMC) presents a significant challenge to the industry. The hard and abrasive nature of the reinforcement causes rapid tool wear and high machining cost. In the present research, Al-4032 based composite with 6% of SiC by weight has been fabricated by stir casting setup. Optical micrographs (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) have been used for the examination of the composite morphological, surface topography, and fracture behavior. Mechanical characterization i.e., testing of the composite for tensile strength, micro-hardness and impact strength has also been carried out. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are the cutting parameters selected to examine the responses—surface finish and energy consumption. The response surface methodology (RSM) based desirability approach has been employed to obtain the best combination of parameters for achieving the desired objectives. The result established that the inclusion of SiC in the base matrix demonstrates improved mechanical properties and a better-machined surface with optimized machining parameters. Multi-response optimization shows that the minimum surface roughness (0.99 μm) and minimum energy consumption (0.17 kWh) during end milling of Al-4032/6%SiC composite have been achieved at cutting speed 199 m min−1, feed rate 500 mm min−1 and depth of cut 0.50 mm. The confirmation experiments show good agreement between the predicted and measured responses.
Abrasive wear behavior in dry condition of a plasticity-induced transformation steel
Authors: Pacheco-Cedeño José Sergio , de Jesús Cruz-Rivera José , Flores Ariosto Medina , López Francisco Vapeani Guerra , Vite-Torres Manuel , Bernal J L , Garnica-González Pedro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The microstructural, mechanical, and tribological evaluation was carried out through an abrasion test of low alloy steel: 0,21%C, 1,22%Mn, and 2,16%Si with/without heat treatment. The steel was manufactured in an electric induction furnace from AISI-1018 steel with additions of FeMn and FeSi. Later it was hot rolled and heat treated. The microstructure of steel without heat treatment is ferritic-pearlitic with σ
u = 714 MPa, S = 8%, and a hardness of 21 HRC. The microstructure of the heat-treated steel corresponds to a Plasticity Induced Transformation (TRIP) steel with σ
u = 890 MPa, S = 30%, and hardness of 22 HRC. Both types of steel were subjected to abrasive wear (ASTM G-65) with silica sand particles and loads of 45, 66,5, and 130 N. The TRIP effect (transformation of retained austenite into martensite during plastic deformation) was evaluated before and after the tensile test by x-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the abrasion tests showed that the TRIP steel did not present high resistance characteristics, however, it shows better performance than steels with high carbon and/or alloy contents. The results show that with 45 N the TRIP steel is less resistant than the ferritic-pearlitic steel, however, with 66,5 and 130 N, its abrasive wear performance improved by 17% concerning the ferritic-pearlitic steel, which is attributed to the deformation capacity of TRIP steel. The main wear mechanisms present in TRIP steel are: ploughing, fractures, plastic deformation, pits, cracks, cutting, and micro-cutting. On the other hand, the surface hardness in the abrasion test footprint did not show any change that could be related to the TRIP effect. The microstructure analysis reveals that the material’s detachment occurs at the grain boundaries of the ferrite, in which the cracks that cause the detachment of the material were generated and propagated.
Effect of substrate temperature on the surface and interface properties of NiTi atmospheric plasma sprayed coating
Authors: Roshan Rakesh , Arora Kanwer Singh , Behera Ajit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is one of the most preferred coating processes, which comes under thermal spraying technology. It has a wide range of applications due to its versatility in surface modifications. By the APS technique, different high-temperature application materials like cermets, and ceramics, can be coated on a substrate whose surface properties have to be modified in an extreme environment. Ni50Ti50 (at.%) alloy became more focus of interest for researchers and industrialists due to their two extraordinary smart properties such as shape memory effect (SME), and superelasticity (SE) which can protect any structural materials from catastrophic failure. Compared to various deposition routes, APS is an economical process to apply NiTi on mild steel. NiTi smart alloy also exhibits good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, damping behaviour, and high load-bearing capacity. In terms of mechanical properties, it has high strength and hardness at high temperatures. Owing to these properties, NiTi alloy can be used to protect structural materials such as mild steel from catastrophic failure. In this study, mild steel was coated at 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C preheating temperatures by APS techniques using an equiatomic NiTi alloy. The surface and interface characterization were performed using an optical microscope, SEM, XRD, Hardness test and 3D optical profilometer. It was found that along with the desired NiTi phase, some of the intermetallic and oxide phases are responsible for the mechanical strength. The surface and interface morphologies show that NiTi splat formation by APS results in better surface bonding and dense coating. With increase in the substrate temperature, the hardness of a coating interface increases with decrease in the number of pores at coating interface.
BITS: an efficient transport solver based on a collocation method with B-spline basis
Authors: XIAO Xiaotao , WANG Shaojie , YE Lei , DAI Zongliang , PAN Chengkang , REN Qilong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A B-spline Interpolation Transport Solver (BITS) based on a collocation method is developed. It solves transport equations as a generalized interpolation problem, taking the first-order accuracy in time and the second-order accuracy in space along with a predictor–corrector or under-relaxation iteration method. Numerical tests show that BITS can solve one-dimensional transport equations for tokamak plasma more accurately without additional computation cost, compared to the finite difference method transport solver which is widely used in existing tokamak transport codes.
Advances in selective laser sintering of polymers
Authors: Han Wei , Kong Lingbao , Xu Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymers are widely used materials in aerospace, automotive, construction, medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Polymers are being promoted rapidly due to their ease of manufacturing and improved material properties. Research on polymer processing technology should be paid more attention to due to the increasing demand for polymer applications. Selective laser sintering (SLS) uses a laser to sinter powdered materials (typical polyamide), and it is one of the critical additive manufacturing (AM) techniques of polymer. It irradiates the laser beam on the defined areas by a computer-aided design three-dimensional (3D) model to bind the material together to create a designed 3D solid structure. SLS has many advantages, such as no support structures and excellent mechanical properties resembling injection moulded parts compared with other AM methods. However, the ability of SLS to process polymers is still affected by some defects, such as the porous structure and limited available types of SLS polymers. Therefore, this article reviews the current state-of-the-art SLS of polymers, including the fundamental principles in this technique, the SLS developments of typical polymers, and the essential process parameters in SLS. Furthermore, the applications of SLS are focused, and the conclusions and perspectives are discussed.
Effects of 3-octen-2-one on human olfactory receptor responses to vanilla flavor
Authors: Yasunaga Motoki , Takai Eiji , Hattori Shoji , Tatematsu Kenji , Kuroda Shun'ichi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Most of the odors that humans perceive daily are complex odors. It is believed that the modulation, enhancement, and suppression of overall complex odors are caused by interactions between odor molecules. In this study, to understand the interaction between odor molecules at the level of human olfactory receptor responses, the effects of 3-octen-2-one, which has been shown to modulate vanilla flavors, were analyzed using a human olfactory receptor sensor that uses all human olfactory receptors (388 types) as sensing molecules. As a result, the response intensity of 1 common receptor (OR1D2) was synergistically enhanced in vanilla flavor with 3-octen-2-one compared with vanilla flavor, and the response of 1 receptor (OR5K1) to vanilla flavor was completely suppressed. These results strongly suggested that the response of human olfactory receptors to complex odors is enhanced or suppressed by relatively few other odor molecules.
Dysnatremia and risk of bloodstream infection in dialysis patients
Authors: Lo Robin H , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , You Amy S , Ayus Juan Carlos , Streja Elani , Park Christina , Sohn Peter , Nakata Tracy , Narasaki Yoko , Brunelli Steven M , Kovesdy Csaba P , Nguyen Danh V , Rhee Connie M 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Emerging data suggest that sodium disarrays including hyponatremia are potential risk factors for infection ensuing from impairments in host immunity, which may be exacerbated by coexisting conditions (i.e. mucosal membrane and cellular edema leading to breakdown of microbial barrier function). While dysnatremia and infection-related mortality are common in dialysis patients, little is known about the association between serum sodium levels and the risk of bloodstream infection in this population.

Methods
Among 823 dialysis patients from the national Biospecimen Registry Grant Program who underwent serum sodium testing over the period January 2008–December 2014, we examined the relationship between baseline serum sodium levels and subsequent rate of bloodstream infection. Bloodstream infection events were directly ascertained using laboratory blood culture data. Associations between serum sodium level and the incidence of bloodstream infection were estimated using expanded case mix–adjusted Poisson regression models.

Results
In the overall cohort, ∼10% of all patients experienced one or more bloodstream infection events during the follow-up period. Patients with both lower sodium levels &lt;134 mEq/l and higher sodium levels ≥140 mEq/l had higher incident rate ratios (IRRs) of bloodstream infection in expanded case mix analyses (reference 136–&lt;138 mEq/l), with adjusted IRRs of 2.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–4.44], 0.77 (95% CI 0.32–1.84), 1.39 (95% CI 0.78–2.47), 1.88 (95% CI 1.08–3.28) and 1.96 (95% CI 1.08–3.55) for sodium levels &lt;134, 134–&lt;136, 138–&lt;140, 140–&lt;142 and ≥142 Eq/l, respectively.

Conclusions
Both lower and higher baseline serum sodium levels were associated with a higher rate of subsequent bloodstream infections in dialysis patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether correction of dysnatremia ameliorates infection risk in this population.
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis can be effectively treated using an intensive B-cell depletion therapy
Authors: Roccatello Dario , Baffa Alessandra , Naretto Carla , Barreca Antonella , Cravero Raffaella , Roscini Elisabetta , Sciascia Savino , Fenoglio Roberta 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a histologic lesion rather than a specific disease entity and represents a cluster of different conditions affecting both children and adults that includes primary, secondary and genetically mediated forms. These forms can be distinguished by electron microscopy and genetic assessment and show different responsiveness to steroids and immunosuppressants. Despite some promising effects of rituximab in nephrotic syndrome in children, the results in adults with FSGS are disappointing. Our group previously explored the effectiveness of rituximab in eight adult patients with unselected forms of FSGS and achieved a consistent reduction in proteinuria in one case. Following this experience, we developed an alternative therapeutic option intended to enhance the potential of rituximab with the support of other synergic drugs. We herein report the results of this therapeutic protocol (six administrations of rituximab plus two of intravenous cyclophosphamide plus glucocorticoids) in seven prospectively enrolled patients with extensive podocyte effacement and recurrent relapses or steroid dependence.

Results
Patients had a median baseline serum creatinine level of 2.2 mg/dl (range 1–4.7) that decreased to 1.1 mg/dl (range 0.9–2.2) and 1.1 mg/dl (range 0.75–2.21) after 3 and 6 months, respectively, and remained unchanged at 12 months. Three of five patients with renal failure turned to normal function while the other two patients maintained a stable impairment after 18 and 52 months. The median proteinuria decreased from 6.1 g/24 h to 3.5, 3.5 and 1.9 g/24 h at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Specifically, five of seven patients had a partial response at 12 months and became non-nephrotic. One of them had a complete response at 18 months and was still in complete remission at the last follow-up visit at 36 months. Proteinuria persisted unchanged in two of seven patients with a genetic-related disease. No serious late adverse events were observed.

Conclusions
Our results show that intensive B-cell depletion therapy is able to reverse the nephrotic syndrome of steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing adult patients with putatively idiopathic FSGS (i.e. with extensive podocyte effacement).
A Missing Piece of the Puzzle: Patient and Provider Perspectives on Pain Management Needs and Opioid Prescribing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care
Authors: Balbale Salva N , Iroz Cassandra B , Schäfer Willemijn L A , Johnson Julie K , Stulberg Jonah J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent data have shown high rates of opioid misuse among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We conducted a qualitative study to explore IBD patient and provider perceptions and experiences with pain management and opioid prescribing.MethodsWe conducted a focus group with IBD patients and semistructured interviews with IBD-focused physicians and nurses. We used an inductive approach for analysis and the constant comparison method to develop and refine codes and identify prominent themes. We analyzed interview and focus group data concurrently to triangulate themes.ResultsNine patients and 10 providers participated. We grouped themes into 3 categories: (1) current practices to manage pain; (2) perceived pain management challenges; and (3) suggestions to optimize pain management. In the first category (current practices), both patients and providers reported building long-term patient–provider relationships and the importance of exploring nonpharmacologic pain management strategies. Patients reported proactively trying remedies infrequently recommended by IBD providers. In the second category (pain management challenges), patients and providers reported concerns about opioid use and having limited options to treat pain safely. Patients discussed chronic pain and having few solutions to manage it. In the third category, providers shared suggestions for improvement such as increasing use of nonpharmacologic pain management strategies and enhancing care coordination.ConclusionsDespite some common themes between the 2 groups, we identified some pain management needs (eg, addressing chronic pain) that matter to patients but were seldom discussed by IBD providers. Addressing these areas of potential disconnect is essential to optimize pain management safety in IBD care.
New perspectives for hypertension management: progress in methodological and technological developments
Authors: Parati Gianfranco , Goncalves Alexandra , Soergel David , Bruno Rosa Maria , Caiani Enrico Gianluca , Gerdts Eva , Mahfoud Felix , Mantovani Lorenzo , McManus Richard J , Santalucia Paola , Kahan Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is the most common and preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for 20% of deaths worldwide. However, 2/3 of people with hypertension are undiagnosed, untreated, or under treated. A multi-pronged approach is needed to improve hypertension management. Elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood is a predictor of hypertension and CVD in adulthood; therefore, screening and education programmes should start early and continue throughout the lifespan. Home BP monitoring can be used to engage patients and improve BP control rates. Progress in imaging technology allows for the detection of preclinical disease, which may help identify patients who are at greatest risk of CV events. There is a need to optimize the use of current BP control strategies including lifestyle modifications, antihypertensive agents, and devices. Reducing the complexity of pharmacological therapy using single-pill combinations can improve patient adherence and BP control and may reduce physician inertia. Other strategies that can improve patient adherence include education and reassurance to address misconceptions, engaging patients in management decisions, and using digital tools. Strategies to improve physician therapeutic inertia, such as reminders, education, physician–peer visits, and task-sharing may improve BP control rates. Digital health technologies, such as telemonitoring, wearables, and other mobile health platforms, are becoming frequently adopted tools in hypertension management, particularly those that have undergone regulatory approval. Finally, to fight the consequences of hypertension on a global scale, healthcare system approaches to cardiovascular risk factor management are needed. Government policies should promote routine BP screening, salt-, sugar-, and alcohol reduction programmes, encourage physical activity, and target obesity control.
Analyses of mutational patterns induced by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde reveal similarity to a common mutational signature
Authors: Thapa Mahanish J , Fabros Reena M , Alasmar Salma , Chan Kin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are reactive small molecules produced endogenously in cells as well as being environmental contaminants. Both of these small aldehydes are classified as human carcinogens, since they are known to damage DNA and exposure is linked to cancer incidence. However, the mutagenic properties of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde remain incompletely understood, at least in part because they are relatively weak mutagens. Here, we use a highly sensitive yeast genetic reporter system featuring controlled generation of long single-stranded DNA regions to show that both small aldehydes induced mutational patterns characterized by predominantly C/G → A/T, C/G → T/A, and T/A → C/G substitutions, each in similar proportions. We observed an excess of C/G → A/T transversions when compared to mock-treated controls. Many of these C/G → A/T transversions occurred at TC/GA motifs. Interestingly, the formaldehyde mutational pattern resembles single base substitution signature 40 from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer. Single base substitution signature 40 is a mutational signature of unknown etiology. We also noted that acetaldehyde treatment caused an excess of deletion events longer than 4 bases while formaldehyde did not. This latter result could be another distinguishing feature between the mutational patterns of these simple aldehydes. These findings shed new light on the characteristics of 2 important, commonly occurring mutagens.