bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and observations of parasitic isopod larvae (Isopoda: Epicaridea) from the northeastern Pacific: pelagic distribution and association with copepod intermediate hosts
Authors: Williams Jason D , Escalante Monique , Shanks Alan L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zooplankton samples from the northeastern Pacific, USA were analyzed to identify and determine the abundance and distribution of parasitic isopod larvae and copepod hosts. Vertically stratified samples were collected at stations spanning the continental shelf off Oregon, USA. Two species of epicarideans were identified: Hemioniscus balaniBuchholz, 1866 (endoparasite of barnacles) and Argeia pugettensisDana, 1853 (ectoparasite of shrimps). Cryptoniscus larvae of these species can be distinguished based on the antennae (four basal and five flagellar articles in H. balani, four basal and four flagellar articles in A. pugettensis), tooth-like structures on the antennules and coxal teeth (present in H. balani, lacking in A. pugettensis), and pereopods (1, 2 gnathopodal and 5, 6 ambulatory in H. balani, all gnathopodal in A. pugettensis). Epicaridean larvae were rare in zooplankton samples with concentrations up to 10 m–3. Larvae were often found within 10 km of shore, with highest concentrations below the Ekman layer at 20–50 m depth near the bottom and between the 8 and 10°C isotherms. Likely as a result of dislodgment, only 26 copepods with epicaridium or microniscus larvae attached were confirmed. Larvae were mostly (78%) found attached to two species of Acartia, suggesting they were the preferred host, but five other genera of copepods were documented as hosts. The concentration of copepods and larvae exhibited a significant positive correlation when the analysis was limited to stations where both larvae and copepods were caught. The distribution of host copepods was significantly shallower than epicaridean larvae and generally closer to shore. The planktonic phase of the life cycle of epicarideans remains a black box for most of the +860 known species. Future work should include molecular data to link their larval and adult life cycle stages and connect the parasites with their intermediate hosts.
Phosphorylation of CENP-R by Aurora B regulates kinetochore–microtubule attachment for accurate chromosome segregation
Authors: Sedzro Divine Mensah , Yuan Xiao , Mullen McKay , Ejaz Umer , Yang Tongtong , Liu Xu , Song Xiaoyu , Tang Yun-Chi , Pan Weijun , Zou Peng , Gao Xinjiao , Wang Dongmei , Wang Zhikai , Dou Zhen , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTError-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules via a fine structure called the centromere that is epigenetically specified by the enrichment of CENP-A nucleosomes. Centromere maintenance during mitosis requires CENP-A-mediated deposition of constitutive centromere-associated network that establishes the inner kinetochore and connects centromeric chromatin to spindle microtubules during mitosis. Although previously proposed to be an adaptor of retinoic acid receptor, here, we show that CENP-R synergizes with CENP-OPQU to regulate kinetochore–microtubule attachment stability and ensure accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. We found that a phospho-mimicking mutation of CENP-R weakened its localization to the kinetochore, suggesting that phosphorylation may regulate its localization. Perturbation of CENP-R phosphorylation is shown to prevent proper kinetochore–microtubule attachment at metaphase. Mechanistically, CENP-R phosphorylation disrupts its binding with CENP-U. Thus, we speculate that Aurora B-mediated CENP-R phosphorylation promotes the correction of improper kinetochore–microtubule attachment in mitosis. As CENP-R is absent from yeast, we reasoned that metazoan evolved an elaborate chromosome stability control machinery to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis.
Drugs, Drugs, Drugs: Current Treatment Paradigms in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Infections
Authors: Cogen Jonathan D , Nichols David P , Goss Christopher H , Somayaji Ranjani 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Airway infections have remained a prominent feature in persons living with cystic fibrosis (CF) despite the dramatic improvements in survival in the past decades. Antimicrobials are a cornerstone of infection management for both acute and chronic maintenance indications. Historic clinical trials of antimicrobials in CF have led to the adoption of consensus guidelines for their use in clinical care. More recently, however, there are efforts to re-think the optimal use of antimicrobials for care with the advent of novel and highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapies. Encouragingly, however, drug development has remained active concurrently in this space. Our review focuses on the evidence for and perspectives regarding antimicrobial use in both acute and maintenance settings in persons with CF. The therapeutic innovations in CF and how this may affect antimicrobial approaches are also discussed.
Italian Jewish Identity and Zionism: From the Emancipation to Postwar Italy (1848–1948)
Authors: Bettin Cristina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Throughout the centuries, Italian Jews have been both accepted by and outside of Italian society, and several forces and events have shaped their concept of Jewish identity and their approach toward Zionism, both of which have changed over time. Among these events, the Emancipation, the Racial Legislation Laws of 1938, and the Holocaust all played a crucial role in transforming the way Jews perceived and identified themselves with Judaism. This article aims to show the impact of these forces on Italian Jews after World War II in their perception of their own Jewish identity, as well as Italian identity and Zionism, and particularly the role played by the Jewish Palestinian soldiers in the reconstruction of the Italian Jewish communities and the rebirth of Jewish identity.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Over Time Prior to Omicron Emergence in Ontario, Canada: Test-Negative Design Study
Authors: Chung Hannah , Austin Peter C , Brown Kevin A , Buchan Sarah A , Fell Deshayne B , Fong Cindy , Gubbay Jonathan B , Nasreen Sharifa , Schwartz Kevin L , Sundaram Maria E , Tadrous Mina , Wilson Kumanan , Wilson Sarah E , Kwong Jeffrey C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Waning protection from 2 doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines led to third dose availability in multiple countries even before the emergence of the Omicron variant.

Methods
We used the test-negative study design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against any severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, any symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes (COVID-19-related hospitalizations or death) by time since second dose of any combination of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 between January 11, and November 21, 2021, for subgroups based on patient and vaccine characteristics.

Results
We included 261 360 test-positive cases (of any SARS-CoV-2 lineage) and 2 783 699 individuals as test-negative controls. VE of 2 mRNA vaccine doses decreased from 90% (95% CI, 90%–90%) 7–59 days after the second dose to 75% (95% CI, 72%–78%) after ≥240 days against infection, decreased from 94% (95% CI, 84%–95%) to 87% (95% CI, 85%–89%) against symptomatic infection, and remained stable (98% [95% CI, 97%–98%] to 98% [95% CI, 96%–99%]) against severe outcomes. Similar trends were seen with heterologous ChAdOx1 and mRNA vaccine schedules. VE estimates for dosing intervals &lt;35 days were lower than for longer intervals (eg, VE of 2 mRNA vaccines against symptomatic infection at 120–179 days was 86% [95% CI, 85%–88%] for dosing intervals &lt;35 days, 92% [95% CI, 91%–93%] for 35–55 days, and 91% [95% CI, 90%–92%] for ≥56 days), but when stratified by age group and subperiod, there were no differences between dosing intervals.

Conclusions
Before the emergence of Omicron, VE of any 2-dose primary series, including heterologous schedules and varying dosing intervals, decreased over time against any infection and symptomatic infection but remained high against severe outcomes.
Real-World Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Success Rates in Tissue and Liquid Prostate Carcinoma Specimens
Authors: Hiemenz Matthew C , Graf Ryon P , Schiavone Kelsie , Harries Lukas , Oxnard Geoffrey R , Ross Jeffrey S , Huang Richard S P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Challenges with sequencing tissue samples from patients with prostate cancer have been reported in clinical trials. To assess the success rate of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for prostate cancer patients, we analyzed a real-world cohort who underwent sequencing of their prostate tissue sample as well as a subset of patients with a reflex liquid biopsy. Overall, a significant majority (82%) of tissue prostate carcinoma samples yielded reportable CGP results. Of those samples that were unsuccessful, most (75%) were inadequate samples that did not meet pre-established criteria to advance into sequencing. For cases where liquid CGP was performed if tissue CGP was unsuccessful, mutations that were likely attributable to prostate carcinoma were observed in most cases and all cases were successful in generating a report. These results suggest that, for CGP testing, prostate cancer tissue is a reasonable matrix type and that liquid samples can be effectively used as an alternative to tissue.
Ezekiel’s Tangible Ethics
Authors: Carvalho Corrine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While previous scholarship has focused on the moral principles that underlie the book of Ezekiel’s ethical worldview, fewer have noted the tangible metaphors the book uses to represent that moral order. Metaphors that elicit awe or revulsion are part of the rhetorical toolbox of the author. Embodied consequences represent the experience of the colonized subject that the actions of both the agents of moral disruption and the passive victims of the decisions of the elites have horribly tangible consequences. The book of Ezekiel uses the tangible worldview of the priestly tradition, where evil is represented by defilement, impurity, and separation, and extends this message of physical consequences into all elements of both failure and fantasy.
Correlated retrograde and developmental regulons implicate multiple retrograde signals as coordinators of chloroplast development in maize
Authors: Kendrick Rennie , Chotewutmontri Prakitchai , Belcher Susan , Barkan Alice 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Signals emanating from chloroplasts influence nuclear gene expression, but roles of retrograde signals during chloroplast development are unclear. To address this gap, we analyzed transcriptomes of non-photosynthetic maize mutants and compared them to transcriptomes of stages of normal leaf development. The transcriptomes of two albino mutants lacking plastid ribosomes resembled transcriptomes at very early stages of normal leaf development, whereas the transcriptomes of two chlorotic mutants with thylakoid targeting or plastid transcription defects resembled those at a slightly later stage. We identified ∼2,700 differentially expressed genes, which fall into six major categories based on the polarity and mutant-specificity of the change. Downregulated genes were generally expressed late in normal development and were enriched in photosynthesis genes, whereas upregulated genes act early and were enriched for functions in chloroplast biogenesis and cytosolic translation. We showed further that target-of-rapamycin (TOR) signaling was elevated in mutants lacking plastid ribosomes and declined in concert with plastid ribosome buildup during normal leaf development. Our results implicate three plastid signals as coordinators of photosynthetic differentiation. One signal requires plastid ribosomes and activates photosynthesis genes. A second signal reflects attainment of chloroplast maturity and represses chloroplast biogenesis genes. A third signal, the consumption of nutrients by developing chloroplasts, represses TOR, promoting termination of cell proliferation during leaf development.
Intake and service staff: practices and challenges of a pivotal yet underexplored police occupation
Authors: van Steden Ronald , Anholt Rosanne , Boelens Mauro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper puts the spotlight on what is known within the Dutch police as ‘intake and service staff’ who are responsible for collecting, handling and filing crime reports from citizens. Comparable occupations are, for example, ‘front counter staff’, ‘call-takers’ and ‘police dispatchers’ in the Anglo-Saxon world. Many of the intake and service staff are women employed in part-time jobs. They hold the lowest rank in the force, have received only basic training and represent an underexplored police occupation. Scholarly publications that address the intake and service aspect of police work are scarce. However, intake and service staff are of utmost importance for ensuring satisfactory police–citizen contact and building public trust and legitimacy. We report on empirical research into the everyday practices and challenges of intake and service staff carried out in Rotterdam, with the aim of describing their work and formulating suggestions for improvement and for future research.
Opioid Agonist to Buprenorphine Cross-titration During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Pilkington David S. , Komatsu Ryu , Peperzak Katherin A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
We present a case report of a first-trimester pregnant individual with chronic pain on chronic opioid therapy who successfully cross-titrated from full-μ agonist opioid to buprenorphine without causing significant withdrawal symptoms.

Case Presentation
A 37-year-old gravida 1, para 0 woman with chronic pain on opioid therapy successfully completed a 6-week cross-titration from 120 morphine equivalent dose to buprenorphine in her first trimester without affecting pain scores, functional capacity, withdrawal symptoms except for mild nausea and insomnia, or adverse perinatal outcomes. After increasing her buprenorphine in the second trimester, at 38 weeks, she bore a healthy neonate without eliciting signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome while on a stable buprenorphine dose.

Conclusions
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society of Addiction Medicine agree that pregnant patients with chronic pain should avoid or minimize opioids. For patients on chronic opioid therapy unable to minimize opioid use during pregnancy, it is unclear whether to continue their chronic opioid therapy or transition to other medications, including buprenorphine. This case demonstrated how one pregnant person with chronic pain on opioid therapy but not meeting diagnostic criteria for opioid use disorder safely transitioned from full-μ agonist opioids to buprenorphine without precipitating withdrawal or adverse perinatal outcomes. Cross-titration could be similarly performed for a pregnant patient with untreated opioid use disorder. In addition, the used cross-titration schedule and the rationale are provided.
Perioperative Mortality in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review of Risk Assessment Tools for Use in the Preoperative Setting
Authors: Tangel Virginia E. , Krul Stephan D. , Stolker Robert Jan , Bramer Wichor M. , de Graaff Jurgen C. , Hoeks Sanne E. 
Published: September 2022

Background
There are multiple preoperative risk scores for pediatric mortality. The aim of this study was to systematically describe and compare the existing studies of patient-specific multispecialty risk prediction scores for perioperative mortality in pediatric populations, with the goal of guiding clinicians on which may be most appropriate for use in the preoperative setting.

Methods
This study is a systematic literature review of published journal articles that presented the development, extension/updating, and/or validation of a risk core that predicted all-cause mortality (up to 30 days postoperatively) in pediatric patients undergoing a procedure in which anesthesia was used. Scores needed to be applicable to surgeries in more than one noncardiac surgical specialty and had to be able to be calculated by the anesthesiologist at the time of the preanesthetic assessment. Two investigators independently screened studies for inclusion and assessed study quality in the domains of clinical applicability, feasibility/ease of use in the clinical setting, and risk of bias.

Results
A total of 1,681 titles were retrieved. Of these, 10 studies met inclusion criteria: 9 reported the development and validation of scores, and 1 was an external validation of an existing score. Seven studies used varying years of multicenter data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric Participant Use File for development and/or validation. The unadjusted rate of mortality in the studies ranged from 0.3 to 3.6%. The preoperative predictors of mortality used in score development included patient demographics, preoperative therapies, and chronic conditions, among others. All models showed good discrimination upon validation (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve greater than 0.8). Most risk scores had high or unclear risks of bias.

Conclusions
There are numerous scores available for the prediction of mortality in pediatric populations, all of which exhibited good performance. However, many have high or unclear risks of bias, and most have not undergone external validation.

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Leading the Charge: Effectiveness of a Workshop to Enhance Faculty Education of Health Inequity
Authors: Cohen David A. , Olveczky Daniele D. , Tibbles Carrie , Hall Matthew M. , Crocker Jonathan T. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Medical educators in residency programs have unique opportunities to teach health inequities, social determinants of health (SDOH), and implicit bias. However, faculty are not adequately trained to effectively teach these topics. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of a faculty-level workshop to teach health inequity.

Methods:
An interactive workshop was designed by an interprofessional faculty from a major urban teaching hospital, addressing SDOH, implicit bias, an “Enhanced Social History,” and the benefits of interprofessional care. Before and after completion, workshop participants completed surveys regarding comfort in teaching these concepts. Survey results were analyzed to assess benefits of the intervention.

Results:
Sixty-four percent of participants completed preworkshop and postworkshop surveys. Participants reported increased contemplation and improved comfort in teaching SDOH, barriers to medical care, and implicit bias.

Conclusion:
Faculty comfort in teaching health inequity increased after this workshop. This may help bridge the gap between the expectation of clinical faculty to evaluate trainee practice of patient-centered, culturally competent care, and faculty possession of and confidence in health inequity teaching skills in clinical settings. Future research should focus on learner- and patient-based outcomes, including teaching time and impact on delivery of care.
Utilization and quality assessment of digestive endoscopy in China: results from 5-year consecutive nationwide surveys
Authors: Xin Lei , Gao Ye , Cheng Zhiyuan , Wang Tianjiao , Lin Han , Pang Yanan , Sun Chang , Fu Zengjun , Li Zhaoshen , Ma Xudong , Wang Luowei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Worldwide, the volume and availability of digestive endoscopy have undergone dramatic development in recent years, with increasing attention on quality assurance. We investigated the utilization and quality of digestive endoscopy in China from 2015 to 2019 and developed a quantitative quality evaluation tool for medical institutions.

Methods:
We invited all tertiary/secondary hospitals in Chinese mainland to participate in the survey annually. The questionnaires included the personnel, annual volume, and quality indicators of endoscopy. An endoscopy quality index (EQI) was developed based on recorded quality indicators using principal component analysis to determine the relative weight.

Results:
From 2015 to 2019, 806, 1412, 2644, 2468, and 2541 hospitals were respectively enrolled in this study. The average annual volume of endoscopy increased from 12,445 to 16,206 (1.30-fold) and from 2938 to 4255 (1.45-fold) in tertiary and secondary hospitals, respectively. The most obvious growth was observed in diagnostic colonoscopy (1.44-fold for all hospitals after standardization). The proportion of early cancer among all esophageal and gastric cancers during diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy increased from 12.3% (55,210/448,861) to 17.7% (85,429/482,647) and from 11.4% (69,411/608,866) to 16.9% (107,192/634,235), respectively. The adenoma detection rate of diagnostic colonoscopy increased from 14.9% (2,118,123/14,215,592) to 19.3% (3,943,203/20,431,104). The EQI model included 12 quality indicators, incorporating 64.9% (7.792/12) of the total variance into one comprehensive index. According to the EQI measurements, the quality of endoscopy was higher in tertiary hospitals and hospitals in developed areas with higher volume or more endoscopists than that in other hospitals.

Conclusions:
Digestive endoscopy in China has developed considerably in recent years in terms of both volume and quality. The EQI is a promising tool to quantify the quality of endoscopy at different hospitals.
LincRNA RMRP Regulates Phenylephrine-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Means of Targeting miR-1
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Jia , Wang Xuyan , Zeng Zhu , Zhang Huifang , Zou Zongyi , Huang Nina , Sun Xiaohua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Cardiac hypertrophy is a feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which could lead to heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (CH) is the primary characteristic of cardiac hypertrophy. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, lincRNA) plays an important role in CH. In this study, the expression of linc-RMRP and its correlation with cardiac hypertrophy were analyzed in cardiac tissues of patients with HCM. Real-time qPCR and western blotting measured the expressions of lincf-RMRP, miR-1, and hypertrophic marker genes. RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to validate the combination between linc-RMRP and miR-1. We confirmed that Linc-RMRP was upregulated in both cardiac hypertrophy tissues and phenylephrine (PE)-induced CH cells, and the cells presented hypertrophic features, enlarged cell surface area and volume, elevated total protein contents, and increased expressions of ANP, BNP, β-MHC, and activated p70S6K and 4EBP1. Bioinformatic analysis found that linc-RMRP directly bonds to miR-1. RNA pulldown, mutation, and luciferase reporter gene assays verified this combination. Silencing linc-RMRP significantly attenuated hypertrophic responses induced by PE while the expression of miR-1 was released. However, the transfection of miR-1 inhibitor reversed the effects of linc-RMRP knockdown exerted on PE-treated cardiomyocytes. In summary, our study identified the modulatory role linc-RMRP played in regulating PE-induced CH by means of binding miR-1, and this might provide a new target for cardiac hypertrophy therapy.