bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Leverage, Firm Size, Profitability, and Liquidity on Hedging Decisions
Authors: Heri Purwanto  , Putra Rosyid Nur Anggara 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of leverage, firm size, profitability, and liquidity on hedging decisions of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Methodology: The sample in this study are 22 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX from 2014 to 2019. This research uses the logistic regression analysis technique.
Findings: The results show that the variable leverage, firm size, and profitability have a positive effect and are significant on hedging decisions, while the liquidity variable has no effect on hedging decisions.
Novelty: This study continues previous research by using a different population, adding independent variables, and using the manufacturing sector.

Keywords: Leverage, Firm Size, Profitability, Liquidity, Hedging
Peran Kapabilitas Koordinasi dan Boundary-Spanner untuk Menguatkan Daya Saing Nasional di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Hakim Luqman 
Published: September 2022

Kompetisi yang merupakan simbol globalisasi pada abad ke-21 menjadi tanpa batasmengakibatkan mobilitas modal, barang, dan jasa, manusia, dan informasi bebas keluar masuksuatu negara. Banyak literatur yang menjelaskan bahwa ekonomi suatu negara dapat bertahandan tumbuh sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat daya saing dan keunggulan bersaing yang dimiliki.Semakin tinggi derajat ranah persaingan negara dengan negara lainnya, maka semakin pentingdaya saing menjadi prediktor siapa yang akan memenangkan kompetisi. Tanpa kehadirankompetisi, daya saing akan kehilangan makna pentingnya. Bagaimana ekonomi nasional dapatdan mampu membangun basis keunggulan bersaing sangatlah menentukan bagi kinerjaekonominya. Teori institusi juga menekankan pentingnya peran kelembagaan untuk menciptakankeunggulan daya saing dan interaksi antar lembaga. Efesien dan tidaknya suatu sistem akansangat tergantung pada kualitas kelembagaan yang mengatur sistem ekonomi tersebut (Powelldan DiMaggio, 1991). Kualitas kelembagaan yang mendukung daya saing akan tercermin darikualitas kebijakan dan pelayanan publik. Selain itu, struktur daya saing yang kokoh hanya dapatdibangun melalui seberapa berkualitas koordinasi kelembagaan yang mengatur sistem ekonomi.Peran pemimpin di tiap kelembagaan sebagai boundary spanner menjadi sentral untuk menjagakualitas peran, fungsi dan kewenanangan untuk mengembangkan jaringan kebijakan atau proses produksi yang efesien. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan rumah dalam transformasikelembagaan sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengakselerasi daya saing nasional.Kata kunci: Globalisasi, Daya Saing, Boundary Spanner
The R&D Investment Decision Game with Product Differentiation
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article extends the cost-reducing R&D model with spillovers by d’Aspremont and Jacquemin (1988. “Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers.” The American Economic Review 78: 1133–7, 1990. “Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers: Erratum.” The American Economic Review 80: 641–2) to allow quantity-setting firms (Cournot rivalry) to play the non-cooperative R&D investment decision game with horizontal product differentiation. Unlike Bacchiega, Lambertini, and Mantovani (2010. “R&D-hindering Collusion.” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 10 (Topics): 66), who identify a parametric region (defined by the extent of technological spillovers and the efficiency of R&D activity), in which the game is a prisoner’s dilemma (self-interest and mutual benefit of cost-reducing innovation conflict), this work shows that product differentiation changes the game into a deadlock (self-interest and mutual benefit do not conflict), regardless of the parameter scale (i.e. also in the absence of spill-over effects). Then investing in R&D challenges the improvement of interventions aimed at favouring product differentiation. This is because social welfare when firms invest in cost-reducing R&D is greater than when firms do not invest in R&D. Alternatively, R&D subsidies can be used as a social welfare maximising tool also in the absence of R&D spillovers. These results also hold for price-setting firms (Bertrand rivalry).
The structural underpinnings of multifunctionality and syncretism in non-finite forms in Irish
Authors: Bloch-Trojnar Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper proposes a constructionist analysis of two highly syncretic non-finite forms in Irish, traditionally referred to as the verbal noun (VN) and the verbal adjective (VA). The VN can fulfil the function of the infinitive, the ‘present participle’ in the periphrastic progressive, the argument supporting (AS) nominal and the R(eferential)-nominal. The VA can function as the passive participle in periphrastic passives/resultatives, the ‘passive’ adjective, the active participle (showing further syncretism with the genitive of VN) and the ‘active’ adjective. The basic idea is that the two syncretic forms receive a unified analysis (i.e. same structure). The VN is viewed as a kind of “elsewhere” realization of [vP[Root]] in all contexts except for [Tfin[VoiceP [vP [Root]]]]. VA spell-out is implemented when the morphosyntactic bundle carries no features that positively define the input as verbal or nominal. The height of affix attachment is indicative of the type of participle involved. Verbal passive/perfective participles and corresponding adjectives embed the external argument introducing projection (VoiceP), whereas active verbal participles and adjectives lack it. The extensive multifunctionality and syncretism in Irish seem to be closely linked to the lack of the AspP layer in the structure of non-finite verbs, nominals and adjectives as well as the lack of overt transitivizing morphology.
Experimental study and modeling of denitrification in an MBBR reactor
Authors: Bouteraa Meriem , Zamouche-Zerdazi Rania , Bahita Mohamed , Bencheikh-lehocine Mossaab 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A denitrification mathematical model was used to describe the nitrates and organic carbons use by the denitrify biomass in the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). The model integrates the diffusive mass transfer mechanism as well as double substrates Monod kinetics. Preliminary experiments were realized in order to assess the operating conditions for growth of attached biomass, the determination of the optimal (COD/NO3-N) ratio, moreover the results of the previous study of the residence time distribution in this MBBR established the optimal hydrodynamic operating conditions with a dead volume of 22%. In this reactor, seeded with a mixed liquor from a purification station, kaldnesk1 were used as carriers. A total of 6 kinetic and stoichiometric constants under anoxic conditions were determined by batch-test pulsed respirometry; some parametric have been determined experimentally, such as YHD, YNO,

μ
ˆ

HD

${\widehat{\mu }}_{\text{HD}}$

and KS, and with their values 0.4 mgCOD (mgCOD)−1, 0.6 mg COD (mgCOD)−1,0.864 d−1 and 12.48 mg COD L −1, respectively. The other constants were determined using the model fitting (using MATLAB), such as KNO3 and bHD with its values, 0.25 mg NO3-N. L−1 and 0.061 d−1, respectively. The model was used to simulated different operating condition and the results included the concentration profiles of NO3-N, COD and XBH, which showed good agreement with the experimental ones, mainly by using the effective volume determined experimentally in the hydrodynamic study (RTD test) and which can reach 62% of the total volume under some operating. Additionally, these findings demonstrate that moving bed reactor characterization may be accomplished using in situ pulsed respirometry (MBBR).
Morphological Khoisan influence in the Southern African Bantu language Yeyi
Authors: Gunnink Hilde 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLanguage contact with Khoisan languages has resulted in the adoption of click phonemes in certain southern African Bantu languages. Contact-induced changes outside the phonological domain, however, are less commonly recognized. This paper provides a first ever analysis of morphological influence from Khoisan languages in Yeyi, a Bantu language spoken in Botswana and Namibia. Firstly, Yeyi has a set of lexical verbs that take an obligatory prefixi-orra-, and both these prefixes and many of the verbs on which they occur are of Khoisan origin. Secondly, Yeyi has four verbal derivational suffixes that have been copied from Khoisan languages. The description of these contact-induced changes in Yeyi shows that contact with Khoisan languages, especially those of the Khoe family, involved extensive bilingualism. Dialectal difference in Yeyi furthermore suggests that Khoisan contact was more intense in Botswana than in Namibia. As some linguistic changes appear to derive from Khoisan languages that are not spoken in the vicinity of Yeyi, the language contact situation in which they arose was quite different from the one that occurs today.
Physical Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Based on Hyperbolic Heat Transfer for High Heating Rate Processes in Biomass Pyrolysis
Authors: Chejne Farid , Florez Whady F. , Maya Juan C. , Ordonez-Loza Javier , Garcia-Perez Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the hyperbolic heat transfer effects in processes involving high heating rates. The behavior of the model is analyzed in detail under different boundary conditions and the circumstances under which a non-Fourier law could be used to describe thermal conduction processes established from physical mathematical analysis. Finally, the model developed here is coupled to a previous population balance framework to predict the bubbling phenomenon that occurs during the fast pyrolysis of biomass. We found that a transient overheating occurs in the central zone of the generated liquid phase due to the high heating rates that take place during that process.
Neural correlates of multisensory integration in the human brain: an ALE meta-analysis
Authors: Scheliga Sebastian , Kellermann Thilo , Lampert Angelika , Rolke Roman , Spehr Marc , Habel Ute 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous fMRI research identified superior temporal sulcus as central integration area for audiovisual stimuli. However, less is known about a general multisensory integration network across senses. Therefore, we conducted activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis with multiple sensory modalities to identify a common brain network. We included 49 studies covering all Aristotelian senses i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory stimuli. Analysis revealed significant activation in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, thalamus, right insula, and left inferior frontal gyrus. We assume these regions to be part of a general multisensory integration network comprising different functional roles. Here, thalamus operate as first subcortical relay projecting sensory information to higher cortical integration centers in superior temporal gyrus/sulcus while conflict-processing brain regions as insula and inferior frontal gyrus facilitate integration of incongruent information. We additionally performed meta-analytic connectivity modelling and found each brain region showed co-activations within the identified multisensory integration network. Therefore, by including multiple sensory modalities in our meta-analysis the results may provide evidence for a common brain network that supports different functional roles for multisensory integration.
µ-Opioid Receptor Activation Reduces Glutamate Release in the PreBötzinger Complex in Organotypic Slice Cultures
Authors: Jørgensen Anders B. , Rasmussen Camilla Mai , Rekling Jens C. 
Published: September 2022

The inspiratory rhythm generator, located in the brainstem preBötzinger complex (preBötC), is dependent on glutamatergic signaling and is affected profoundly by opioids. Here, we used organotypic slice cultures of the newborn mouse brainstem of either sex in combination with genetically encoded sensors for Ca2+, glutamate, and GABA to visualize Ca2+, glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling during spontaneous rhythm and in the presence of DAMGO. During spontaneous rhythm, the glutamate sensor SF-iGluSnFR.A184S revealed punctate synapse-like fluorescent signals along dendrites and somas in the preBötC with decay times that were prolonged by the glutamate uptake blocker (TFB-TBOA). The GABA sensor iGABASnFR showed a more diffuse fluorescent signal during spontaneous rhythm. Rhythmic Ca2+- and glutamate transients had an inverse relationship between the spontaneous burst frequency and the burst amplitude of the Ca2+and glutamate signals. A similar inverse relationship was observed when bath applied DAMGO reduced spontaneous burst frequency and increased the burst amplitude of Ca2+, glutamate, and GABA transient signals. However, a hypoxic challenge reduced both burst frequency and Ca2+transient amplitude. Using a cocktail that blocked glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic transmission to indirectly measure the release of glutamate/GABA in response to an electrical stimulus, we found that DAMGO reduces the release of glutamate in the preBötC but has no effect on GABA release. This suggest that the opioid mediated slowing of respiratory rhythm involves presynaptic reduction of glutamate release, which would impact the ability of the network to engage in recurrent excitation, and may result in the opioid-induced slowing of inspiratory rhythm.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpioids slow down breathing rhythm by affecting neurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and other brainstem regions. Here, we used cultured slices of the preBötC to better understand this effect by optically recording Ca2+, glutamate, and GABA transients during preBötC activity. Spontaneous rhythm showed an inverse relationship between burst frequency and burst amplitude in the Ca2+and glutamate signals. Application of the opioid DAMGO slowed the rhythm, with a concomitant increase in Ca2+, glutamate, and GABA signals. When rhythm was blocked pharmacologically, DAMGO reduced the presynaptic release of glutamate, but not GABA. These data suggest the mechanism of action of opioids involves presynaptic reduction of glutamate release, which may play an important role in the opioid-induced slowing of inspiratory rhythm.
Severe type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission using a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)
Authors: Correa Livia Lugarinho , Medeiros de Sousa Priscila Alves , Dinis Leticia , Carloto Luana Barboza , Nuñez-Garcia Maitane , Sajoux Ignacio , Senhorini Sidney 
Published: September 2022

Summary
There is a close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The value of weight loss in the management of patients with T2D has long been known. Loss of 15% or more of body weight can have a disease-modifying effect in people with diabetes inducing remission in a large proportion of patients. Very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) have been proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. The diet was shown to result in significant weight loss in the short, intermediate, and long terms and improvement in body composition parameters as well as glycemic and lipid profiles. The reported case is a 35-year-old man with obesity, dyslipidemia, and T2D for 5 years. Despite the use of five antidiabetic medications, including insulin, HbA1c was 10.1%. A VLCKD through a commercial multidisciplinary weight loss program (PnK method) was prescribed and all medications were discontinued. The method is based on high-biological-value protein preparations and has 5 steps, the first 3 steps (active stage) consist of a VLCKD (600–800 kcal/d) that is low in carbohydrates (<50 g daily from vegetables) and lipids. The amount of proteins ranged between 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of ideal body weight. After only 3 months, the patient lost 20 kg with weight normalization and diabetes remission, and after 2 years of follow-up, the patient remained without the pathologies. Due to the rapid and significant weight loss, VLCKD emerges as a useful tool in T2D remission in patients with obesity.

Learning points

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are conditions that share key pathophysiological mechanisms.

Loss of 15% or more of body weight can have a disease-modifying effect in people with T2D inducing remission in a large proportion of patients.

Diabetes remission should be defined as a return of HbA1c to <6.5% and which persists for at least 3 months in the absence of usual glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy.

The very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a nutritional approach that has significant beneficial effects on anthropometric and metabolic parameters.

Due to the rapid and significant weight loss, VLCKD emerges as a useful tool in T2D remission in patients with obesity.
Materia orgánica particulada y mineralogía de un Andisol bajo labranza y barbecho
Authors: Ramírez Pisco Ramiro , Leiva Rojas Edna Ivonne , Restrepo Yépez Ronny Fernell 
Published: September 2022

La zona hortícola colombiana del oriente Antioqueño se encuentra en laderas donde se ha perdido gran parte de la capacidad productiva de sus suelos debido a la labranza continua. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar los cambios en contenido de la materia orgánica particulada (MOP) y en la mineralogía de un Andisol, en seis condiciones de manejo del suelo, en Marinilla (Antioquia, Colombia). Bajo el diseño en parcelas divididas, se realiza el muestreo de suelo (tres repeticiones por tratamiento) en parcelas con suelo virgen (SV), con 5, 10 y 20 años de labranza convencional (LC) y en parcelas con 5 y 10 años de barbecho (B). En cada una de las situaciones se muestrea con barreno hasta 0,2 m de profundidad. En cada muestra se cuantifica la MOP, se realizan análisis químicos (pH, Mg, K, P, S) y físicos (porosidad total, densidad aparente y diámetro medio ponderado en húmedo (DMPh)). La MOP fue sensible a los procesos de LC, disminuyendo en un 35 % y 75 % después de 5 y 10 años, respectivamente, en relación con el SV. El barbecho durante 5 años incrementó en forma significativa la MOP respecto de los suelos de LC. La MOP y DMPh presentaron una relación logarítmica (R2 = 0,80) que sugiere la influencia de la MOP en la estabilización de los agregados y en la fertilidad física del suelo. La dinámica de la MO con los óxidos amorfos de Fe y Al afectaron en corto tiempo la mineralogía de la fracción de arcilla debido al manejo del suelo.
EVALUATION OF THREE LIGNOCELLULOSE BIOMASS MATERIALS (BARLEY HUSK, CORN COBS, AGAVE LEAVES) AS PRECURSORS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: PRIETO GARCÍA FRANCISCO , CANALES-FLORES ROBERTO A. , PRIEO-MÉNDEZ JUDITH , ACEVEDO-SANDOVAL OTILIO A. , OTAZO-SÁNCHEZ ELENA M. 
Published: September 2022

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be transformed into other value-added products such as activated carbon. The objective was to evaluate the barley husk (Hordeum vulgare L.), the corn cobs (Zea Mays L.) and the agave leaves (Agave salmiana) as potential precursors of activated carbon. These precursors were obtained from Almoloya and Apan in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The raw materials were washed with distilled water, dried at 105 ºC for 72 h in an oven, ground in a blade mill to obtain a particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm and finally sieved through mesh sieves of 18 and 45. Humidity was determined according to ASTM D3173 (ASTM, 1996), ash according to ASTM D3174 (ASTM, 2000), volatile matter according to ASTM D3175 (ASTM, 1997), fixed carbon according to ASTM D3172 (ASTM, 1997), total sugars and fats according to TAPPI T204 (TAPPI, 1997), Klason Lignin according to TAPPI T222 (TAPPI, 1998), holocellulose according to the method described by (Wise et al., 1946), and (, ( and ( cellulose according to TAPPI T203 (TAPPI 1999). The results show that contents from 82 to 83% for holocellulose, from 52 to 79% for cellulose, and from 15 to 26% for lignin, were determined. Elemental analysis showed high carbon contents with values of 42-45%. Particle sizes between 390.9 mm and 610.7 mm were found. Thermogravimetric analysis showed similar profiles of thermal decomposition, being cellulose the main stage, with peaks around 300 °C. Regarding the surface morphology, the lignocellulosic residues showed fibrous and porous structure. From these findings, it is established that the precursors analyzed can be considered as potential precursors of activated carbons. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the pyrolysis and activation areas of this lignocellulosic residues. The conditions for an acceptable yield of biochar were tested, these were: carbonization temperature of 400 °C, carbonization time of 30 min, precursor mass of 2-10 g and N2 flow rate of 150 cc/min. The biocarbons produced under these conditions were physically and chemically characterized. Biochar yields of 19.75% were obtained for corn cob (CCB), 32.88% for barley husk (BHB) and 31.14% for Agave salmiana leaves (ALB). Biocarbons with a predominantly macroporous structure, amorphous structure, numerous oxygen functional groups, anionic surface and moderate ash content were obtained. The results of this investigation show that barley husk, corn cob, and agave leaves are likely precursors for biochar production with good dye adsorption capacities.
Differential transcriptome profile underlying risky choice in a rat gambling task
Authors: Kwak Myung Ji , Kim Wha Young , Jung Seung-Hyun , Chung Yeun-Jun , Kim Jeong-Hoon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Proper measurement of expected risk is important for making rational decisions, and maladaptive decision making may underlie various psychiatric disorders. However, differentially expressed genetic profiling involved in this process is still largely unknown. A rodent version of the gambling task (rGT) has been developed to measure decision-making by adopting the same principle of Iowa Gambling Task in humans. In the present study, we examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique whether there are differences in gene expression profiles in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) when rats make different choices toward risk in rGT.

Methods
Rats were trained in a touch screen chamber to learn the relationships between 4 different light signals on the window of the screen and accompanied reward outcomes or punishments set up with different magnitudes and probabilities. Once they showed a stabilized pattern of preference upon free choice, rats were classified into risk-averse or risk-seeking groups. After performing the rGT, rats were decapitated, the mPFC and the NAc was dissected out, and NGS was performed with the total RNA extracted.

Results
We found that 477 and 36 genes were differentially expressed (approximately 75 and 83% out of them were downregulated) in the mPFC and the NAc, respectively, in risk-seeking compared to risk-averse rats. Among those, we suggested a few top ranked genes that may contribute to promoting risky choices.

Discussion and conclusions
Our findings provide insights into transcriptional components underlying risky choices in rats.