bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Matchings with Restricted Preferences: Structure and Complexity
Authors: Cheng Christine T. , Rosenbaum Will 
Published: December 2022

In the stable marriage (SM) problem, there are two sets of agents—traditionally referred to as men and women—and each agent has a preference list that ranks (a subset of) agents of the opposite sex. The goal is to find a matching between men and women that is stable in the sense that no man-woman pair mutually prefers each other to their assigned partners. In a seminal work, Gale and Shapley [
16
] showed that stable matchings always exist and described an efficient algorithm for finding one.

Irving and Leather [
24
] defined the rotation poset of an SM instance and showed that it determines the structure of the set of stable matchings of the instance. They further showed that every finite poset can be realized as the rotation poset of some SM instance. Consequently, many problems—such as counting stable matchings and finding certain “fair” stable matchings—are computationally intractable (NP-hard) in general.

In this article, we consider SM instances in which certain restrictions are placed on the preference lists. We show that three natural preference models—
k
-bounded,
k
-attribute, and

(k
1
, k
2
)

-list—can realize arbitrary rotation posets for constant values of
k
. Hence, even in these highly restricted preference models, many stable matching problems remain intractable. In contrast, we show that for any fixed constant
k
, the rotation posets of
k
-range instances are highly restricted. As a consequence, we show that exactly counting and uniformly sampling stable matchings, finding median, sex-equal, and balanced stable matchings, are fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the range of the instance. Thus, these problems can be solved in polynomial time on instances of the k-range model for any fixed constant k.
Two Strongly Truthful Mechanisms for Three Heterogeneous Agents Answering One Question
Authors: Schoenebeck Grant , Yu Fang-Yi 
Published: December 2022

Peer prediction mechanisms incentivize self-interested agents to truthfully report their signals even in the absence of verification by comparing agents’ reports with their peers. We propose two new mechanisms, Source and Target Differential Peer Prediction, and prove very strong guarantees for a very general setting.

Our Differential Peer Prediction mechanisms are
strongly truthful
: Truth-telling is a strict Bayesian Nash equilibrium. Also, truth-telling pays strictly higher than any other equilibria, excluding permutation equilibria, which pays the same amount as truth-telling. The guarantees hold for
asymmetric priors
among agents, which the mechanisms need not know (
detail-free
) in the
single question setting
. Moreover, they only require
three agents
, each of which submits a
single item report
: two report their signals (answers), and the other reports her forecast (prediction of one of the other agent’s reports). Our proof technique is straightforward, conceptually motivated, and turns on the logarithmic scoring rule’s special properties.

Moreover, we can recast the Bayesian Truth Serum mechanism [
20
] into our framework. We can also extend our results to the setting of
continuous signals
with a slightly weaker guarantee on the optimality of the truthful equilibrium.
Abstract B013: Loss of the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) p95 isoform is common in large DCIS lesions
Authors: Schindler Nicole F. , Glencer Alexa , Mori Hidetoshi , Hirst Gillian , Rodas Cristian Maldonado , Campbell Michael , Esserman Laura , Borowsky Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background/Aim: Testing for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity in women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is not performed routinely, although the frequency of HER2+ DCIS is at least 30%. HER2+ DCIS lesions may be at higher risk of progression to invasive carcinoma, and specific isoforms of HER2 may lead to different malignant potential. Loss of the HER2 extracellular domain engineered in mouse models demonstrates rapid progression to invasive behavior. Evaluating isoforms of HER2 may aid in classifying DCIS lesions as higher or lower risk, and may provide insight for novel treatment and prevention approaches. Methods: A cohort of high risk DCIS cases were assembled, enriched for the presence of high risk features, including large size (&gt;5 cm) and palpable. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH were used to identify cases that were HER2 positive. MultiplexIHC was used to detect extracellular and intracellular domains of HER2, with imaging analysis performed to identify HER2 isoforms of HER2+ specimens. Isoforms were characterized as 1) full-length/extracellular domain (ECD) intact, 2) pure/complete loss of ECD (p95 isoform), 3) subclonal populations of both full-length ECD and p95 and 4) gradient/representing partial loss of ECD per cell (reflecting post-translational cleavage). Results: Out of 51 cases, 34 (67%) cases were HER2+. In multiplexIHC analysis for HER2, 51% displayed gradient (partial) or focal (subclonal) loss of the extracellular domain. 33% displayed pure p95 isoform (complete loss of ECD). Only 16% of the cohort displayed full-length HER2 extracellular domain. Conclusions: HER2 expression is much more common in large in situ lesions than in invasive lesions. This suggests that HER2 positivity may play a role in protecting against invasion. Investigation of HER2 Isoform testing using multiplex staining reveals heterogeneity with partial or complete loss of the HER2 extracellular domain being most common. Loss of the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) p95 isoform is predominant among patients diagnosed with HER2 positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Citation Format: Nicole F. Schindler, Alexa Glencer, Hidetoshi Mori, Gillian Hirst, Cristian Maldonado Rodas, Michael Campbell, Laura Esserman, Alexander Borowsky. Loss of the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) p95 isoform is common in large DCIS lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B013.
Abstract PR003: Pioneering genetic rat models of Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Authors: Lutz Catrin , Badoux Madelon , Eijkman Timo , de Klein Bim , Song Ji-Ying , Henneman Linda , Scheele Colinda , Wesseling Jelle , Jonkers Jos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
DCIS has been virtually unknown before the introduction of breast cancer screening programs in the 1980s. Since then, its incidence has been rising steeply and it now accounts for about 25% of all newly diagnosed ‘breast cancer’ cases. Despite the increase in occurrence, the molecular underpinnings regulating DCIS initiation and progression remain elusive. In addition, almost all DCIS cases are hormone dependent, a characteristic which remains one of the biggest challenges to recapitulate in breast cancer research. We could successfully establish models for DCIS as well as estrogen receptor positive disease subtypes by somatically engineering the rat mammary gland via intraductal injection of lentiviral vectors encoding for the most commonly mutated genes (Ccnd1, Myc, Pik3ca and p53) in (pre-) breast cancer. Models with one perturbed gene remained mostly mammary tumor-free after an observation period of 18 months. However, when perturbed in two loci, animals showed mammary lesion formation within 5 and after up to 40 weeks. Histopathological analysis of these lesions characterized a broad spectrum of tumor types including ductal and lobular carcinomas, with both in situ and invasive phenotypes. Among these tumor types, DCIS lesions as well as invasive ductal carcinoma showed estrogen receptor positivity after immunohistochemical staining. Two distinct growth patterns were observed: a flat growing tumor, shaped by, and replacing the host rat mammary duct, and a round growing lesion, disregarding ductal structures. Interestingly, the flat growing tumor pattern evolved mostly in models expressing luminal drivers (Ccnd1 and Pik3ca) and strongly correlated with in situ growth. To increase luminal subtypes and to narrow down the broad tumor spectrum observed in these models, we generated a luminal cell type-specific promoter expressing our genes of interest. Pathological analysis of the arisen tumors indeed revealed a more homogeneous tumor subtype for all models, with an average tumor latency of 28 to 40 weeks. These genetically engineered models for DCIS and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer may aid in an improved treatment stratification by distinguishment between indolent and aggressive DCIS, a persisting challenge as of today. Additionally, these models broaden the scope of available hormone dependent breast cancer models, benefitting the search for novel treatment regiments for patients suffering from this breast cancer subtype.
Citation Format: Catrin Lutz, Madelon Badoux, Timo Eijkman, Bim de Klein, Ji-Ying Song, Linda Henneman, Colinda Scheele, Jelle Wesseling, Jos Jonkers. Pioneering genetic rat models of Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr PR003.
Abstract IA007: PREVENT agent development pipeline
Authors: Miller Mark Stevn , Cholewa Brian , Clifford John , Gunasekharan Vignesh , Mohammed Altaf , Gupta Shanker , Shoemaker Robert , Sei Shizuko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The NCI’s PREVENT Cancer Preclinical Drug Development Program is a peer-reviewed program designed to support the preclinical development of promising agents and biomarkers for cancer interception/prevention towards clinical applications. PREVENT is not a grant program but allocates NCI contract resources to advance approved projects in a milestone-driven manner. Results obtained through NCI contract resources are returned to the applicant PIs and used to support further development by the applicants or in partnership with NCI. Resources available to PREVENT Program applicants include preclinical efficacy testing, CGMP manufacturing, GLP pharmacokinetic and IND-enabling toxicology studies, and IND filings. The PREVENT Program is focused on preventive agent development in the areas of Immunoprevention (cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory agents), Chemoprevention (novel mechanisms, anti-inflammatory agents, drug repurposing, toxicity reduction via alternative dosing regimens and agent combinations) and clinically translatable mechanistic biomarkers (pharmacodynamics, immune correlates, and tumor preventive efficacy). Submission deadlines for PREVENT Concept Applications occur twice per year on the second Monday in January and July. Further information can be obtained at the PREVENT Program website: https://prevention.cancer.gov/major-programs/prevent-cancer-preclinical
Citation Format: Mark Stevn Miller, Brian Cholewa, John Clifford, Vignesh Gunasekharan, Altaf Mohammed, Shanker Gupta, Robert Shoemaker, Shizuko Sei. PREVENT agent development pipeline [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA007.
Abstract IA015: Immunoprevention of triple negative breast cancer by TOP2A derived peptide vaccination
Authors: Lee Sang Beom , Pan Jing , Xiong Donghai , Palen Katie , Johnson Bryon , Green Jeffrey E. , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Lubet Ronald A. , Wang Yian , You Ming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Top2A is a key enzyme involved in DNA replication and is a therapeutic target for several cancer types including breast cancer. Overexpression of Top2A has been observed in both human and mouse triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The present study evaluated both immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy of a newly formulated multi-peptide vaccine targeting multiple epitopes of the Top2A protein. Top2A-specific MHC II epitopes with optimal binding affinity were identified using a combined scoring system, which predicted their potential to elicit a Th1 immune response. The formulated vaccine contained top three Top2A peptides, which elicited the strongest immunologic response and showed 100% sequence homology between human and mouse. Anti-tumor efficacy of the Top2A vaccine was initially evaluated in a syngeneic TNBC mouse model, in which pre-graft preventive vaccination was associated with significantly decreased tumor growth as compared to the adjuvant controls. The Top2A peptide vaccine exhibited striking efficacy in a genetically engineered TNBC mouse model (C3(1)/Tag), reducing tumor burden by &gt;90% when compared with adjuvant alone. Splenocytes collected from vaccinated animals showed a robust immunologic response to the immunizing peptides. There were no overt toxicities observed with the Top2A vaccination. To explore potential mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor response induced by Top2A vaccine treatment, scTCR-seq of tumors in both control and Top2A vaccine groups revealed new T cell clones as a consequence of Top2A vaccination. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of these splenocytes by the vaccinated Top2A peptides resulted in the secretion of cytokines indicative of Th1 responses but with minimal secretion of Th2-related cytokines. Our data indicate that the newly developed multi-peptide Top2A vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious in the prevention of TNBC development and progression in vivo.
Citation Format: Sang Beom Lee, Jing Pan, Donghai Xiong, Katie Palen, Bryon Johnson, Jeffrey E. Green, Shizuko Sei, Robert H. Shoemaker, Ronald A. Lubet, Yian Wang, Ming You. Immunoprevention of triple negative breast cancer by TOP2A derived peptide vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA015.
Beneficial Effects of Moderate Hepatic Activin A Expression on Metabolic Pathways, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Huan , Hallauer Hastings Margaret , Kitchen Robert , Xiao Chunyang , Baldovino Guerra Justin Ralph , Kuznetsov Alexandra , Rosenzweig Anthony 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease marked by hyperlipidemia and hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Activin A, a member of the Activin/GDF/TGFβ/BMP (growth/differentiation factor/transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein) family is broadly expressed and increases in human atherosclerosis, but its functional effects in vivo in this context remain unclear.

Methods:

We studied LDLR
−
/−
mice on a Western diet for 12 weeks and used adeno-associated viral vectors with a liver-specific TBG (thyroxine-binding globulin) promoter to express Activin A or GFP (control). Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by oil red staining. Blood lipid profiling was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Liver RNA-sequencing was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Results:

Activin A expression decreased in both livers and aortae from LDLR
−
/−
mice fed a Western diet compared with standard laboratory diet. Adenoassociated virus-TBG-Activin A increased Activin A hepatic expression ≈10-fold at 12 weeks;
P
<0.001) and circulating Activin A levels ≈2000 pg/ml versus ≈50 pg/ml;
P
<0.001, compared with controls). Hepatic Activin A expression decreased plasma total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol ≈60% and ≈40%, respectively), reduced inflammatory cells in aortae and proliferating hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow, and reduced atherosclerotic lesion and necrotic core area in aortae. Activin A also attenuated liver steatosis and expression of the lipogenesis genes, Srebp1 and Srebp2. RNA sequencing revealed Activin A not only blocked expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis but also fatty acid uptake and liver inflammation. In addition, Activin A expressed in the liver also reduced white fat tissue accumulation, decreased adipocyte size, and improved glucose tolerance.

Conclusions:

Our studies reveal hepatic Activin A expression reduces inflammation, hematopoietic stem cell expansion, liver steatosis, circulating cholesterol, and fat accumulation, which likely all contribute to the observed protection against atherosclerosis. The reduced Activin A observed in LDLR
−/−
mice on a Western diet seems maladaptive and deleterious for atherogenesis.
Can 10 000 Healthy Steps a Day Slow Aortic Root Dilation in Pediatric Patients With Marfan Syndrome?
Authors: Selamet Tierney Elif Seda , Chung Sukyung , Stauffer Katie Jo , Brabender Jerrid , Collins Ronnie Thomad , Folk Robert , Li Weidang , Murthy Ashlesh K. , Murphy Daniel Jerome , Esfandiarei Mitra 
Published: December 2022

Background
Stiffer aortas are associated with a faster rate of aortic root (AoR) dilation and higher risk of aortic dissection in patients with Marfan syndrome. We have previously shown that mild aerobic exercise reduces aortic stiffness and rate of AoR dilation in a Marfan mouse model. In this study, we investigated if these results could be translated to pediatric patients with Marfan syndrome.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 24 patients with Marfan syndrome aged 8 to 19 years to participate in a 6‐month physical activity intervention, excluding those with ventricular dysfunction or prior history of aortic surgery. We instructed patients to take 10 000 steps per day, tracked by an activity tracker. At baseline and 6 months, we measured AoR dimension, arterial stiffness, endothelial function, physical activity indices, inflammatory biomarkers, and coping scores. Controls consisted of 15 age‐matched patients with Marfan syndrome. Twenty‐four patients with Marfan syndrome (median age, 14.4 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 12.2–16.8], 14 male patients) were enrolled. Baseline assessment demonstrated that the majority of these patients were sedentary and had abnormal arterial health. Twenty‐two patients completed the intervention and took an average of 7709±2177 steps per day (median, 7627 [IQR, 6344–9671]). Patients wore their Garmin trackers at a median of 92.8% (IQR, 84%–97%) of their intervention days. AoR
Z
score in the intervention group had a significantly lower rate of change per year compared with the controls (rate of change, −0.24 versus +0.008;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
In this clinical intervention in pediatric patients with Marfan syndrome, we demonstrated that a simple physical activity intervention was feasible in this population and has the potential to decrease the AoR dilation rate.

REGISTRATION

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03567460.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Heritage Language Learners: A Large-scale Survey Study on Dialect Variation, Expectations, and Assessment Needs
Authors: Chi John , Donovan Anne E. , Malone Margaret E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many case studies of heritage language learners (HLL s) have documented learners’ perceptions and experiences, including experiences of stigmatization in the classroom for use of a non-standard variation or for not meeting teachers’ expectations of an HLL. However, few have investigated teachers’ perceptions of their HLL s, and how these could address or illuminate documented negative learning experiences. The current study uses survey methodology to investigate language teachers’ language ideologies of heritage languages and perceptions of HLL s on a larger scale than previous efforts. The study is inclusive of teachers of different grade levels, types of classrooms, and, perhaps most importantly, different languages. By looking at a wide array of participants (N = 325), this study addresses the overarching question: How do language teachers perceive their HLL s in the classroom? The findings provide insight on teachers’ views of HLL s’ dialects, their expectations of learners, and the practical needs of teachers.
Chronicle of a Death Foretold in Flanders
Authors: Abrahams Naasiha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many years ago, my master thesis advisor told me that if I wanted to understand the history of a country, I should read novels. His statement caused me to reflect seriously on what it is that novels do, the truths (and untruths) they yield. This creative piece is inspired primarily by literature and is an attempt to understand how the needless death of a black university student could occur in a society that doggedly continues to view racism as something other societies do. It is simultaneously an attempt to explore how silences in the telling of history have been challenged by authors of colour, how the past reverberates into the present, and the implications for those living in the (African) diaspora. I draw on research that I conducted in two Flemish primary schools, which explored how doxic conceptions of education and belonging, equally racialized, are both reproduced and contested.
Participatory architecture workshops with asylum seekers and local people: Experiences from the Crossing Cultures project in Southern Italy
Authors: Calissano Federica , Denicke-Polcher Sandra , Giacco Domenico , Haenschel Corinna 
Published: December 2022

Background: Participatory architecture can promote dialogue across cultures while working together to create physical outputs. A team of academics with a background in architecture, psychology and health sciences evaluated a participatory architecture workshop in Southern Italy as part of the Crossing Cultures project. The goal was to explore participants’ experiences and perceived benefits. In the context of situated learning, the workshop brought together architecture students, local citizens and asylum seekers, who by working together and learning from each other formed a community of practice (CoP). Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of members of the CoP, their beliefs about the benefits of the project and ways to improve it. Setting: Data collection took place in 2019 during a participatory architecture workshop in Belmonte, Italy. Method: Twenty-five asylum seekers, locals and students took part in in-depth interviews, which were later subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported experiences relating to ‘living together’, ‘working together’, ‘making home’, ‘making locals comfortable to be involved’ and ‘understanding and respecting differences’. Perceived benefits were ‘creating a space for connection’, ‘revitalising local communities’, ‘promoting development of towns’, ‘broadening horizons’, ‘gaining or practising skills’, ‘having your ideas heard’ and ‘creating lasting things’. Conclusion: Findings suggest that creating a CoP not only fulfils individual goals but also addresses common concerns. Participatory architecture workshops in an area with high immigration can create connections between asylum seekers and local people, and promote intercultural dialogue while helping to reactivate an economically and socially deprived area.