bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of nitrous acid in the association between nitrogen dioxide and asthma symptoms: effect of nitrous acid exposure on specific airway resistance in guinea pigs
Authors: Ohyama Masayuki , Azuma Kenichi , Minejima Chika , Takenaka Norimichi , Adachi Shuichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpidemiological evidence regarding the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is inconclusive because NO2 assays measure nitrous acid (HONO) as NO2. Epidemiological study using separate measurements of indoor HONO and NO2 suggests that indoor HONO levels are associated with decrease in lung function, and HONO exposure experiment in rats suggests that HONO adversely affects respiratory function more than NO2. Effects of NO2 on respiratory tract resistance have not been observed in rats but have been observed in guinea pigs, including baseline specific airway resistance (sRaw). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of HONO exposure on baseline sRaw in guinea pigs. Eighteen male Hartley guinea pigs were divided into Groups C, M, and H (n = 6 per group) and exposed to HONO at three concentrations, respectively, 24 h/d for 7 weeks. Double-flow plethysmography was used to measure the sRaw once a week and grade respiratory waveforms, indicating increased airway resistance. The experiment was performed twice. Mean HONO concentrations of two experiments in Groups C, M, and H were 0.02, 0.66, and 3.43 parts per million (ppm). The sRaw increased significantly in Groups H and M compared with sRaw in Group C, and in a concentration-dependent manner after the 4th week of HONO exposure. Increased airway resistance was observed in 50% of animals in Group M and 100% of animals in Group H in some weeks. However, in some animals from Group M, increased airway resistance was observed earlier than the airway resistance increases observed in all animals in Group H. These sRaw results suggest that HONO affects asthma symptoms or COPD, at a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of < 0.66 ppm. HONO may affect baseline sRaw after shorter exposure periods and at lower concentrations compared with the reported effects of NO2. The present results suggest that HONO is the most important nitrogen oxide affecting asthma and COPD indoors, and that HONO may be the causative agent in the association between NO2 and asthma symptoms in epidemiological studies.
Lung mechanics during video-assisted abdominal surgery in Trendelenburg position: a cross-sectional propensity-matched comparison between classic laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery
Authors: Popescu Mihai , Olita Mihaela Roxana , Stefan Mara Oana , Mihaila Mariana , Sima Romina-Marina , Tomescu Dana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Video-assisted surgery has become an increasingly used surgical technique in patients undergoing major thoracic and abdominal surgery and is associated with significant perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative pneumoperitoneum during video-assisted surgery on respiratory physiology in patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery compared to patients undergoing classic laparoscopy in Trendelenburg position.

Methods
Twenty-five patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) were compared with twenty patients undergoing classic laparoscopy (LAS). Intraoperative ventilatory parameters (lung compliance and plateau airway pressure) were recorded at five specific timepoints: after induction of anesthesia, after carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation, one-hour, and two-hours into surgery and at the end of surgery. At the same time, arterial and end-tidal CO2 values were noted and arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient was calculated.

Results
We observed a statistically significant difference in plateau pressure between RAS and LAS at one-hour (26.2 ± 4.5 cmH2O vs. 20.2 ± 3.5 cmH2O, p = 0.05) and two-hour intervals (25.2 ± 5.7 cmH2O vs. 17.9 ± 3.1 cmH2O, p = 0.01) during surgery and at the end of surgery (19.9 ± 5.0 cmH2O vs. 17.0 ± 2.7 cmH2O, p = 0.02). Significant changes in lung compliance were also observed between groups at one-hour (28.2 ± 8.5 mL/cmH2O vs. 40.5 ± 13.9 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01) and two-hour intervals (26.2 ± 7.8 mL/cmH2O vs. 54.6 ± 16.9 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01) and at the end of surgery (36.3 ± 9.9 mL/cmH2O vs. 58.2 ± 21.3 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01). At the end of surgery, plateau pressures remained higher than preoperative values in both groups, but lung compliance remained significantly lower than preoperative values only in patients undergoing RAS with a mean 24% change compared to 1.7% change in the LAS group (p = 0.01). We also noted a more significant arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient in the RAS group compared to LAS group at one-hour (12.9 ± 4.5 mmHg vs. 7.4 ± 4.4 mmHg, p = 0.02) and two-hours interval (15.2 ± 4.5 mmHg vs. 7.7 ± 4.9 mmHg, p = 0.02), as well as at the end of surgery (11.0 ± 6.6 mmHg vs. 7.0 ± 4.6 mmHg, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Video-assisted surgery is associated with significant changes in lung mechanics after induction of pneumoperitoneum. The observed changes are more severe and longer-lasting in patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery compared to classic laparoscopy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The profile of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with CD and their association with the disease severity and activity
Authors: Al Qteishat Ahmed , Kirov Kiril , Bokov Dmitry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The epidemiology of Crohn’s disease (CD) has changed over the past decades, demonstrating a trend toward increased prevalence in developing countries, while in developed countries, its incidence has stabilized. The study aimed to examine the profile of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with CD and establish their association with the severity and activity of the disease.

Methods
A total of 61 patients (29 women (47.5%), 32 men (52.5%) aged from 18 to 40 years (mean age (30.42 ± 2.51) years) with the verified diagnosis of CD in the active phase were examined. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people of corresponding age.

Results
CD is characterized by a reliable increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood compared to healthy people: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) – by 4.45 times (137.46 ± 9.72 vs. 30.88 ± 2.08 pg/ml in healthy people, p < 0,001), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) – by 5.08 times (51.55 ± 4.36 vs. 10.14 ± 0.93 pg/ml, p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) – by 2.16 times (20.03 ± 1.81 vs. 9.27 ± 0.52 pg/ml, p < 0.001), interleukin-8 (IL-8) – by 2.04 times (25.74 ± 2.05 vs. 12.62 ± 1.16 pg/ml, p < 0.001), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) – by 5.30 times (208.63 ± 14.29 vs. 39.35 ± 2.40 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The authors have established direct correlations between the Crohn's disease activity index and blood content of TNF-α (r = 0.84, p < 0.013), INF-γ (r = 0.61, p < 0.028); between TNF-α and INF-γ content (r = 0.67, p < 0.023), IL-1α (r = 0.49, p < 0.042), IL-6 (r = 0.40, p < 0.045), and IL-8 (r = 0.51, p < 0.033); INF-γ and IL-1α (r = 0.53, p < 0.040), IL-6 (r = 0.37, p < 0.039), IL-8 (r = 0.44, p < 0.040).

Conclusions
Patients with CD were found to have multiple cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ,). The content of cytokines correlated positively with the CD activity index.
Association of gallbladder diseases with risk of gastrointestinal polyps
Authors: Geng Wenbin , Qin Xiangrong , Yang Peng , Wang Junmei , Yu Jing , Wang Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
It has not yet been determined whether gastroscopy and colonoscopy screening help patients with gallbladder diseases. We aim to retrospectively investigate the relationship between gallbladder diseases and gastrointestinal polyps in order to provide a theoretical basis for the early screening of gastrointestinal polyps in patients with gallbladder disease.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 1662 patients who underwent gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal ultrasound as part of their health check-up from January 2015 to July 2020. We also compared the patients with and without gallbladder diseases to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal polyps.

Results
Patients with gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having colorectal polyps (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.23 to 2.54, p=0.002) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=2.94, 95%Cl: 1.62 to 5.32, p<0.001) than those without. Patients with multiple gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.33 to 4.07, p=0.003) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=3.95, 95% CI: 1.72 to 9.11, p=0.001), and patients with gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having left-colon polyps (adjusted OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.88, p=0.003) and colorectal adenoma (adjusted OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.66, p=0.005). We also noted that women with gallbladder polyps had a higher prevalence of colorectal polyps (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.77, p=0.010) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (OR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.58 to 8.62, p=0.003). However, no positive correlation was observed between gallbladder stones and gastrointestinal polyps.

Conclusions
Gallbladder polyps are significant indicators of colorectal and gastric plus colorectal polyps. Hence, gastroscopy and colonoscopy screening should be performed for patients with gallbladder polyps, particularly female patients and those with multiple gallbladder polyps.
Relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older Korean adults: moderation analysis of muscular strength
Authors: Kong Ji-Young , Hong Haeryun , Kang Hyunsik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis population-based cross-sectional study examined the associations between physical activity (PA) and lower body muscle strength (LBMS) with late-life depression in a representative sample of older Korean adults aged 65 years and older.MethodsThe data used in the current study (n = 10,097/60% women) were extracted from the 2020 Korea Longitudinal Study on Aging, which is a nationwide population-based survey conducted in Korea. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale Short-Form. PA and LBMS were evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire and the 5 times sit-to-stand test, respectively. Covariates include age, gender, body mass index, education level, smoking status, alcohol intake, and comorbidity.ResultsInsufficient PA had higher odds of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.035–1.393,p = 0.016), even after adjustments for all covariates, compared to sufficient PA. Poor LBMS had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.173, 95% CI = 1.821–2.593,p < 0.001), even after adjustments for all covariates, compared to good LBMS. Particularly, a significant moderation effect of LBMS on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms was observed (β = 0.3514 and 95% CI = 0.1294 ~ 0.5733,p < 0.001). Individuals with poor LBMS had a greater odd of depression associated with physical inactivity compared to their counterparts with good LBMS.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the importance of promoting muscular strength through regular exercise as a preventive strategy against late-life depression in Korean adults.
Comparison and risk factors analysis of multiple breast cancer screening methods in the evaluation of breast non-mass-like lesions
Authors: Zhang Jianxing , Cai Lishan , Pan Xiyang , Chen Ling , Chen Miao , Yan Dan , Liu Jia , Luo Liangping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare multiple breast cancer screening methods for evaluating breast non-mass-like lesions (NMLs), and investigate new best screening method for breast non-mass-like lesions and the value of the lexicon of ACR BI-RADS in NML evaluation.

Methods
This retrospective study examined 253 patients aged 24–68 years who were diagnosed with breast NMLs and described the lexicon of ACR BI-RADS from April 2017 to December 2019. All lesions were evaluated by HHUS, MG, and ABUS to determine BI-RADS category, and underwent pathological examination within six months or at least 2 years of follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of MG, HHUS and ABUS in the prediction of malignancy were compared. Independent risk factors for malignancy were assessed using non-conditional logistic regression.

Results
HHUS, MG and ABUS findings significantly differed between benign and malignant breast NML, including internal echo, hyperechoic spot, peripheral blood flow, internal blood flow, catheter change, peripheral change, coronal features of ABUS, and structural distortion, asymmetry, and calcification in MG. ABUS is superior to MG and HHUS in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, as well as in evaluating the necessity of biopsy and accuracy in identifying malignancy. MG was superior to HHUS in specificity, PPV, and accuracy in evaluating the need for biopsy.

Conclusions
ABUS was superior to HHUS and MG in evaluating the need for biopsy in breast NMLs. Compared to each other, HHUS and MG had their own relative advantages. Internal blood flow, calcification, and coronal plane feature was independent risk factors in NMLs Management, and different screening methods had their own advantages in NML management. The lexicon of ACR BI-RADS could be used not only in the evaluation of mass lesions, but also in the evaluation of NML.
Risk of cardiovascular diseases in cancer patients: A nationwide representative cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Tzu-Lin , Hsu Min-Shu , Hsu Hsin-Yin , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Chiang Chun-Ju , Lee Wen-Chung , Chien Kuo-Liong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The associations with cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) had inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) between populations with and without cancer.

Methods
Patients with common cancers in Taiwan were enrolled in the study between 2007 and 2018 using the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We focused on colorectal cancer, women’s breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancers. The study endpoint was fatal and non-fatal CVD, which was defined as ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke according to the National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared the risk of CVD between patients with cancer and age- and sex-matched (1:1 ratio) participants who did not have cancer or CVD. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from Cox regression analysis. To evaluate the chronological trend, we estimated the HRs and 95% CI yearly since the diagnosis.

Results
Among the 552,485 cancer patients (mean age, 60.6 years; women, 47.7%) during the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, 32,634 cases of fatal and non-fatal CVD were identified. Compared with that noted in the non-cancer population, the overall fully adjusted HR with 95% CI was 1.28 (1.25, 1.30) in the cancer population. The CVD risk was the highest in the first year, the adjusted HR with 95% CI was 2.31 (2.23, 2.40), and this risk decreased yearly.

Conclusions
Patients with cancer had a significantly higher risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD. The risk was the highest in the first year since diagnosis and decreased yearly.
Respiratory health among adolescents living in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in South Africa
Authors: Millar Danielle A. , Kapwata Thandi , Kunene Zamantimande , Mogotsi Mirriam , Wernecke Bianca , Garland Rebecca M. , Mathee Angela , Theron Linda , Levine Diane T. , Ungar Michael , Batini Chiara , John Catherine , Wright Caradee Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Air pollution is a global, public health emergency. The effect of living in areas with very poor air quality on adolescents’ physical health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of adverse respiratory health outcomes among adolescents living in a known air pollution hotspot in South Africa.

Methods
Ambient air quality data from 2005 to 2019 for the two areas, Secunda and eMbalenhle, in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in Mpumalanga province, South Africa were gathered and compared against national ambient air pollution standards and the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines. In 2019, adolescents attending schools in the areas completed a self-administered questionnaire investigating individual demographics, socio-economic status, health, medical history, and fuel type used in homes. Respiratory health illnesses assessed were doctor-diagnosed hay fever, allergies, frequent cough, wheezing, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma. The relationship between presence (at least one) or absence (none) of self-reported respiratory illness and risk factors, e.g., fuel use at home, was explored. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors associated with respiratory illness adjusted for body mass index (measured by field assistants), gender, education level of both parents / guardians and socio-economic status.

Results
Particulate matter and ozone were the two pollutants most frequently exceeding national annual air quality standards in the study area. All 233 adolescent participants were between 13 and 17 years of age. Prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms among the participants ranged from 2% for ‘ever’ doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and pneumonia to 42% ever experiencing allergies; wheezing chest was the second most reported symptom (39%). Half (52%) of the adolescents who had respiratory illness were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the dwelling. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of self-reported respiratory illness based on the number of years lived in Secunda or eMbalenhle (p = 0.02). For a one-unit change in the number of years lived in an area, the odds of reporting a respiratory illness increased by a factor of 1.08 (p = 0.025, 95% CI = 1.01–1.16). This association was still statistically significant when the model was adjusted for confounders (p = 0.037).

Conclusions
Adolescents living in air polluted areas experience adverse health impacts Future research should interrogate long-term exposure and health outcomes among adolescents living in the air polluted environment.
MomsTalkShots, tailored educational app, improves vaccine attitudes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dudley Matthew Z. , Omer Saad B. , O’Leary Sean T. , Limaye Rupali J. , Ellingson Mallory K. , Spina Christine I. , Brewer Sarah E. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Chamberlain Allison T. , Malik Fauzia , Frew Paula M. , Church-Balin Cathy , Riley Laura E. , Ault Kevin A. , Orenstein Walter A. , Halsey Neal A. , Salmon Daniel A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Many pregnant women and parents have concerns about vaccines. This analysis examined the impact of MomsTalkShots, an individually tailored educational application, on vaccine attitudes of pregnant women and mothers.

Methods
MomsTalkShots was the patient-level component of a multi-level intervention to improve maternal and infant vaccine uptake that also included provider- and practice-level interventions. The impact of these interventions was studied using a two-by-two factorial design, randomizing at both the patient- and the practice-level. Study staff recruited pregnant women from a diverse set of prenatal care practices in Colorado and Georgia between June 2017 and July 2018. All participants (n = 2087) received a baseline survey of maternal and infant vaccine intentions and attitudes, and two follow-up surveys at least 1 month and 1 year after their infant’s birth, respectively. Half of participants (n = 1041) were randomly assigned to receive educational videos through MomsTalkShots, algorithmically tailored to their vaccine intentions, attitudes, and demographics. Since the practice/provider intervention did not appear impactful, this analysis focused on MomsTalkShots regardless of the practice/provider intervention.

Results
By 1 month post-birth, MomsTalkShots increased perceived risk of maternal influenza disease (61% among MomsTalkShots recipients vs 55% among controls; Odds Ratio: 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.23–2.09), confidence in influenza vaccine efficacy (73% vs 63%; OR: 1.97, 95%CI: 1.47–2.65), and perceived vaccine knowledge (55% vs 48%; OR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.13–1.72). Among those intending not to vaccinate at baseline, MomsTalkShots increased perceived risk of maternal influenza disease (38% vs 32%; OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.15–3.71) and confidence in influenza vaccine efficacy (44% vs 28%; OR: 2.62, 95%CI: 1.46–4.69).
By 1 year post-birth, MomsTalkShots increased perceived vaccine knowledge (62% vs 50%; OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.36–2.24) and trust in vaccine information from obstetricians and pediatricians (64% vs 55%; OR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.17–2.00). Among those uncertain about vaccinating at baseline, MomsTalkShots increased perceived vaccine knowledge (47% vs 12%; OR: 6.89, 95%CI: 1.52–31.25) and reduced infant vaccine safety concerns (71% vs 91%; OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06–0.98).

Conclusions
MomsTalkShots improved pregnant women’s and mothers’ knowledge and perceptions of maternal and infant vaccines and the diseases they prevent, and offers a scalable tool to address vaccine hesitancy.

Trial registration
Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov on 13/09/2016 (registration number: NCT02898688).