bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asiatic black bear in Pakistan: a comprehensive review and conservation indications
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Rehan Muhammad , Bosso Luciano , Kabir Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is considered as globally vulnerable, and its distribution in Pakistan has drastically decreased. The current knowledge around its biology and ecology is still poor. To provide crucial management and conservation recommendations for this threatened bear in Pakistan and in other areas in the world, we examined all the literature published from 1977 to 2024 on the two subspecies of U. thibetanus living in Pakistan, i.e., the Baluchistan black bear (U. thibetanus gedrosianus) and Himalayan black bear (U. thibetanus laniger). We found 59 papers on the Asiatic black bear, with the majority of the studies focusing on the bears’ existence, distribution, and human-bear conflicts, while only one study used a genetic approach. Questionnaire/interview surveys emerged as the most used method, followed by sign surveys, camera trapping, and visual observations. Most of the publications were focused on the Himalayan black bear in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the Mansehra district (northern Pakistan), while few studies have been conducted in Balochistan since 1977 for the subspecies Baluchistan black bear. This underscores a significant geographic gap in research, particularly in the southern Pakistan regions that host the threatened Baluchistan black bear. To address these gaps and improve conservation efforts, we recommend increasing applied research both inside and outside protected areas and employing updated methodologies like camera trapping, remote sensing, ecological modelling and genetic analysis. It is imperative to conduct studies across the entire distribution range, especially in understudied areas like southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, to ensure the long-term conservation of the Asiatic black bear across its entire distribution.
Current status and trends of wet-mate connectors
Authors: Zhao Long , Wu Guojun , Yan Zhaochao , Wang Dongsheng , Hang Dongdong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wet-mate connectors, which are known for their advanced technical features and high costs, have found extensive applications in various seafloor engineering projects. After decades of development, this technology has reached an advanced stage, offering a wide range of products and comprehensive performance that essentially meet the requirements of various marine environments and engineering applications. This paper provides an overview of the historical development of wet-mate connectors, presents a summary of current technological advancements and applications, and outlines the product performance and characteristics of leading enterprises through market research. Subsequently, this paper presents an overview of the current development status, existing challenges, and the latest advancements in wet-mate connector technology in China. On the basis of this information, this paper offers a forward-looking analysis of the developmental trends of wet-mate connectors through an investigation of their functional components, technical challenges, and related engineering application issues. As wet-mate connector technology matures and its applications expand, wet-mate connectors are expected to gradually move toward standardization, with enhanced performance integration and increased safety and reliability. This trend is also anticipated to attract emerging countries and enterprises into this technological domain, intensifying market competition, reducing prices, and shortening supply lead times.
Individual Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies: Research on Meskhetian Turks
Authors: Tercan Bahadır 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The main objective of this study is to investigate the level of disaster preparedness and associated socio-demographic characteristics of Meskhetian Turks as a marginalized population who migrated to Erzincan, Turkey due to war and conflict.

Methods
A total of 426 individuals between the ages of 18-65 participated in this study. Data were collected through face-to-face interview technique by utilizing the General Disaster Preparedness Belief Scale. The t test and one-way ANOVA test and multiple regression analysis (Enter model) were used to analyze the data.

Results
The total scale scores of the participants ranged between 80-138, with a mean score of 105.43±10.88. It was determined that the disaster preparedness levels of those who were between 32-38 years of age, who had bachelor’s degree, who had disaster experience, and who received disaster training were higher. It was determined that there was a significant positive relationship between the disaster preparedness levels of the participants and age, education level, and disaster training.

Conclusions
Disaster preparedness levels of Meskhetian Turks were determined to be high. According to the results of the analyses, it was revealed that age, education level, and disaster training variables have a positive and significant effect on the level of disaster preparedness.
Host age preference and biology of Coccygidium luteum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of the fall armyworm
Authors: Beseh Patrick , Abraham John , Agboyi Lakpo Koku , Mensah Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coccygidium luteum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary larval parasitoid, is associated with the fall armyworm (FAW), in Africa. However, there is very limited information on reproductive biology, and other biological parameters that influence its life strategies. We conducted laboratory experiments to gain new insights into the biology of C. luteum reared on FAW as the host. Host age preference, reproductive biology, lifetime fecundity, life cycle, and adult longevity were studied under laboratory conditions of 28 ± 1°C and 70 ± 3% relative humidity. This study revealed that C. luteum prefer early (1st–3rd) instars of FAW for oviposition. The maximum parasitism rate was 80% at second instar larvae. A mean pre-oviposition period of 0.38 ± 0.51 days, oviposition period of 5.13 ± 0.64 days, and no post-oviposition period were observed. The mean lifetime parasitism rate of FAW larvae by female C. luteum was 49 ± 24. Longevity of unmated C. luteum was 14.44 ± 1.43 days for males and 12.83 ± 1.12 days for females. Mated ovipositing females lived for 7 days. Mean female and male progenies per adult female C. luteum was 28.11 ± 8.18 and 39.89 ± 4.76 respectively, with an overall sex ratio of 1.42 at 28 ± 1°C using second instar larvae. Total life cycle from oviposition to adult emergence was 23 ± 1 days. This study provides the basic information about C. luteum that could be utilised for mass rearing of this parasitoid under an augmentative biological control of FAW programme.
Gladiators at Roman Colchester: Re-Interpreting the Colchester Vase
Authors: Davis Glynn J.C. , Pearce John , Carroll Emily , Moore Joanna , Nowell Geoff , Montgomery Janet 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe locally made colour-coated ware vessel known as the Colchester Vase is argued to be a commissioned piece recording a performance in the town. The inscription on the vessel, cut pre-firing, names individual arena performers depicted en barbotine. One name, Memnon, is argued to be a ‘stage name’ taken from a protagonist in the Trojan war. The connection of another combatant, Valentinus, to the 30th legion is re-considered as evidence for gladiators linked to the Roman army. The Vase's final use was as a cremation urn. Osteological and isotopic analysis reveals the cremated remains to be those of a non-local male of 40+ years; unlikely to be one of the performers, he may nevertheless have been closely connected to the event.
Values and Material Culture in Rosemary Sutcliff's Roman Britain Stories
Authors: Walsh David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article discusses how the acclaimed twentieth-century author Rosemary Sutcliff drew upon the archaeological record to advance the didactic aspects of her narratives. Sutcliff was aware that she had a platform to instil certain values in her young readership, and these values were repeatedly exhibited by her protagonists, particularly bravery and fortitude in the face of adversity. In many cases, certain objects are passed down through the generations as a symbol of these values. Usually, these items were drawn either directly from the archaeological record or display close parallels with real-world objects. Subsequently, for the readers of Sutcliff's narratives, the real-world version of the artefact, or a similar item, become encoded with these values and serve to inspire them to emulate her heroes.
Rereading the Secundinus Stone from Vindolanda
Authors: Woods David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeyer, Mullen, and Vanhala analysed the inscription SECVNDINVS CACOR accompanying the carving of a phallus on a stone excavated at Vindolanda and explained CACOR as the present passive of the verb cacare ‘to shit out’. I suggest that CACOR may have been intended in abbreviation of CACORVM, the neuter genitive plural of the adjective cacus, a transliteration of the Greek κακός ‘evil’, and that the phallus is depicted ejaculating over this word to symbolise its apotropaic power over evil.
Camera network-based visual servoing for aerial interceptor quadrotors
Authors: Wang Guojie , Liu Qingchen , Ma Qichao , Qin Jiahu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The problem of how to effectively track and intercept small aircraft that break into the no-fly zones is now attracting increasing interest in robotics society. Vision-based control has been proved an effective solution to the target tracking problem for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Due to the limited field of view (FOV) of onboard vision sensors, existing works assume that the target is always detectable during tracking or limit the flight speed of the UAV in practice. In this paper, inspired by the broad FOV of camera network, we are the first to propose an eye-to-hand (i.e., fixed cameras) visual servoing scheme to track and intercept aerial targets by using UAVs and ground visual sensors. Specifically, utilizing rotation matrices, we first present a visual servoing equation to convert the UAV motion in image planes to the inertial frame. Then, an image-based visual servoing controller is designed directly based on image errors of camera nodes in the sensor network, and system stability is proved by means of Lyapunov analysis. Additionally, to achieve the desired translational velocity command, a low-level attitude controller is developed based on the UAV dynamics. Finally, a series of experiments in both simulated and real flight scenarios show the outstanding efficacy of our method.
Submicron-scale detection of microbes and smectite from the interior of a Mars-analogue basalt sample by optical-photothermal infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Yohey , Koduka Mariko , Brenker Frank E. , Brooks Tim , Glamoclija Mihaela , Graham Heather V. , Kieft Thomas L. , McCubbin Francis M. , Sephton Mark A. , van Zuilen Mark A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For near-future missions planed for Mars Sample Return (MSR), an international working group organized by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) developed the sample safety assessment framework (SSAF). For the SSAF, analytical instruments were selected by taking the practical limitations of hosting them within a facility with the highest level of biosafety precautions (biosafety level 4) and the precious nature of returned samples into account. To prepare for MSR, analytical instruments of high sensitivity need to be tested on effective Mars analogue materials. As an analogue material, we selected a rock core of basalt, a prominent rock type on the Martian surface. Two basalt samples with aqueous alteration cached in Jezero crater by the Perseverance rover are planned to be returned to Earth. Our previously published analytical procedures using destructive but spatially sensitive instruments such as nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and transmission electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed microbial colonization at clay-filled fractures. With an aim to test the capability of an analytical instrument listed in SSAF, we now extend that work to conventional Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy with a spatial resolution of 10 μm. Although Fe-rich smectite called nontronite was identified after crushing some portion of the rock core sample into powder, the application of conventional FT-IR microscopy is limited to a sample thickness of <30 μm. In order to obtain IR-based spectra without destructive preparation, a new technique called optical-photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm was applied to a 100 μm thick section of the rock core. By O-PTIR spectroscopic analysis of the clay-filled fracture, we obtained in-situ spectra diagnostic to microbial cells, consistent with our previously published data obtained by NanoSIMS. In addition, nontronite identification was also possible by O-PTIR spectroscopic analysis. From these results, O-PTIR spectroscopy is suggested be superior to deep ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy/μ-Raman spectroscopy, particularly for smectite identification. A simultaneous acquisition of the spatial distribution of structural motifs associated with biomolecules and smectites is critical for distinguishing biological material in samples as well as characterizing an abiotic background.
Constraining Dike Opening Models With Seismic Velocity Changes Associated With the 2023–2024 Eruption Sequence on the Reykjanes Peninsula
Authors: Bird E. , Atterholt J. , Li J. , Biondi E. , Zhai Q. , Li L. , Yang Y. , Fang J. , Wei X. , Hjörleifsdóttir V. , Klesh A. , Kamalov V. , Gunnarsson T. , Zhan Z. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe stress field perturbation caused by magmatic intrusions within volcanic systems induces strain in the surrounding region. This effect results in the opening and closing of microcracks in the vicinity of the intrusion, which can affect regional seismic velocities. In late November 2023, we deployed a distributed acoustic sensing interrogator to convert an existing 100‐km telecommunication fiber‐optic cable along the coast of Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula into a dense seismic array, which has run continuously. Measuring changes in surface wave moveout with ambient noise cross‐correlation, we observe up to 2% changes in Rayleigh wave phase velocity following eruptions in the peninsula's 2023–2024 sequence that are likely associated with magmatic intrusions into the eruption‐feeding dike. We apply a Bayesian inversion to compute the posterior distribution of potential dike opening models for each eruption by considering measurements for varying channel pairs and frequency bands, and assuming this velocity change is tied to volumetric strain associated with dike‐opening. Our results are in agreement with those based on geodetic measurement and provide independent constraints on the depth of the dike, demonstrating the viability of this novel inversion and new volcano monitoring directions through fiber sensing.
Modeling Reservoir‐Induced Seismicity: A Dynamic Poro‐Visco‐Elasto‐Plastic Earthquake Simulator With Spontaneous Dilatant Coseismic Rupture
Authors: Katsman Regina , Ben‐Avraham Zvi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCompared to other kinds of fluid‐related seismicity, reservoir‐induced seismicity (RIS) is usually characterized by higher magnitudes. Seismic and water level monitoring and statistical modeling, however, do not provide comprehensive understanding of the RIS mechanism and controls. This study presents a novel finite element method‐based 2D poro‐visco‐elasto‐plastic fully dynamic earthquake model, specifically applicable to RIS simulations. A dynamic coseismic rupture phase driven by wave‐mediated stress transfers coupled with rate‐and‐state dependent friction coefficient weakening is modeled, along with interseismic deformations. Coseismic crack opening in a dilatant regime, inducing porosity and permeability hikes, is implemented. The adaptive time stepping resolves the contrasting time scales of coseismic rupturing and quasi‐static interseismic deformations, without having to switch the modeling strategy, thereby enabling the modeling of a large number of seismic cycles. The model component verifications demonstrate convincing agreement with theoretical predictions. In the first stage of the simulations, Drucker‐Prager plasticity is used to generate a normal fault with enhanced porosity in the Earth's upper crust, over a long time‐scale of millions of years. In the second stage of the simulations, RIS is modeled under typical reservoir impoundment dynamics, producing four seismic sequences, triggered by pore pressure increase at the fault at shallow depth below the reservoir. This pressurization is released by aftershocks in every seismic cluster, accompanied by permeability hikes and associated with fault “valving” behavior. The model allows investigation of spatio‐temporal RIS characteristics and their controls. It may contribute to earthquake prediction in situ and facilitate earthquake mitigation policies.
Barium Isotope Fingerprint for Recycled Ancient Sediment in the Source of EM1‐Type Continental Basalts
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Shan , Liu Jian‐Qiang , Chen Li‐Hui , Chen Kai‐Yun , Zhao Jian , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zeng Gang , Zhang Hong‐Fu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe origin of enriched mantle 1 (EM1) endmember, characterized by low 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd ratios in ocean island basalts, has long been debated. This is because melting of surrounding peridotite, together with the EM1 component, can dilute the “EM1 fingerprints” in these rocks. Here, we present barium isotope data for well‐characterized EM1‐type continental basalts from northeast China to constrain their nature and origin. Our results show that these basalts have δ138/134Ba values ranging from −0.1‰ to 0.08‰, which are lower than the depleted MORB mantle. Correlations between δ138/134Ba and K/U, Ba/Th, U/Pb, εNd and 206Pb/204Pb suggest a heterogeneous source involving binary mixing between the lithospheric mantle and an EM1 component. The EM1 component, characterized by light δ138/134Ba and low 206Pb/204Pb ratios, can be attributed to the addition of recycled ancient sediments to the source. This study indicates that Ba isotopes have potential to trace crustal material recycling into Earth's deep mantle.
Asian Summer Monsoon and Orographic Winds Change the Pollen Flow in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
Authors: Zeng Hui , Wang Zi‐Yu , Chen Gui‐Xing , Ferguson David K. , Wang Yu‐Fei , Yao Yi‐Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnlike plains, mountains provide diverse habitats for various biomes due to complex topography and large altitudinal differences. It is crucial for objectively reconstructing deep‐time biodiversity changes that the pollen source, dispersal, and driving forces in montane ecosystems are studied. Here, we investigate surface soil samples from different vertical zones in the Hengduan Mountains. Results show the pollen assemblages generally reflect the dominant components of the warm temperate coniferous forest and the cold temperate coniferous and sclerophyllous oak mixed forest, but exotic anemophilous pollen like Pinus (53.4%), Alnus (3.5%), Tsuga (1.1%), and Juglans (0.5%) are found in the subalpine scrub and meadows by upslope flow. The atmospheric reanalysis data suggests that the Asian summer monsoon and diurnally‐varying orographic winds may jointly drive the upslope and downslope pollen flows. These new findings provide basic scientific data and potential interpretations for the reconstructions of past vegetation and plant diversity in global montane ecosystems.
Peatland Plant Community Changes in Annual Production and Composition Through 8 Years of Warming Manipulations Under Ambient and Elevated CO2 Atmospheres
Authors: Hanson P. J. , Griffiths N. A. , Salmon V. G. , Birkebak J. M. , Warren J. M. , Phillips J. R. , Guilliams M. P. , Oleheiser K. C. , Jones M. W. , Jones N. J. , Enterkine J. , Glenn N. F. , Pearson K. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment has operated five whole‐ecosystem warming manipulations (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75, and +9°C) with paired ambient and elevated CO2 atmospheres (eCO2, +500 ppm) for 8 full calendar years (since August 2015). We tracked shrub‐layer vegetation responses to the treatments using annual destructive plot sampling. Tree (Picea and Larix) responses were assessed annually using nondestructive dimensional analyses and allometric conversions. Shrub community changes were assessed for key ericaceous shrubs (Rhododendron, Chamaedaphne, and Kalmia), two Vaccinium species (V. angustifolium, V. oxycoccos), graminoid species (mostly Eriophorum), and one common forb (Maianthemum trifolium), plus minor understory species. We tracked annual aboveground net primary production (ANPP) for vascular plant species in gC m−2 y−1 and overall stand contribution in dry mass. We observed a linear increase in shrub‐layer aboveground biomass accumulation with warming over time due primarily to an increase in ericaceous shrub abundance. Cumulative biomass increases across the shrub community showed overall positive responses to eCO2 after 8 years. Community composition also changed with warming, with increases in woody shrub density, and the reduction or loss of forbs. The tree community showed minimal initial responses to warming early in the treatments, but since 2020, has shown significant increases in ANPP and individual tree growth with warming. The main driver of change in the vascular plant community was temperature, with less pronounced effects of eCO2 evident. These results indicate an overall increase in ANPP with warming from both the tree and shrub layers of peatland vegetation.
The Formation Process, Mechanism, and Attribution of Urban Impervious Surface Thermal Runoff
Authors: Luo Yi , Wang Qingqing , Yang Kun , Zhang Yang , Shang Chunxue , Pei Xingfang , Chen Rixiang , Li Dingpu , Peng Changqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStudies have shown that thermal runoff will form on the impervious surface after rainfall occurs in summer, which will cause thermal pollution to urban water bodies. However, the existing thermal runoff calculation models lack a simplified hydrothermal model suitable for typical impervious surfaces and do not continuously express the process of runoff formation by rainfall. In this study, a simplified urban rainwater runoff heat transfer model was established, and a temperature heat transfer model of urban impervious surface runoff based on numerical simulation was proposed in a continuous state. By comparing with the field‐measured data, the model has a higher calculation accuracy (R2 = 0.98, MAE = 0.16°C, RMSE = 0.17°C). The combination of the random forest model and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to evaluate and explain the main factors affecting surface runoff temperature, and it was found that the initial surface temperature was positively correlated with runoff temperature, which was the most critical factor affecting surface runoff temperature. All other things being equal, we find that for every 5°C increase in initial surface temperature, the event mean temperature (EMT) will increase by 0.2°C, no matter what kind of climatic conditions and underlying surface conditions in summer, the runoff EMT will gradually increase within 2 minutes of the rainfall and reach the maximum value, after which the runoff EMT will show a downward trend, but it will still be higher than the initial rainwater temperature.