bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the sweet potato virome in Greece with the aid of high‐throughput sequencing technology
Authors: Orfanidou Chrysoula G. , Efthimiou Konstantinos , Katis Nikolaos I. , Maliogka Varvara I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 2018, typical symptoms of sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) such as purple ringspots, distortion and crinkling of the leaves appeared on a sweet potato crop located in southern Greece. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis revealed the presence of seven viruses, sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), sweet potato virus C (SPVC), sweet potato virus G (SPVG), sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and sweet potato pakakuy virus (SPPV). In silico analysis of the HTS data in combination with Sanger sequencing succeeded in obtaining the complete genome sequences of all seven viruses. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of complete viral genomes showed high similarity of all detected potyviruses and SPLCV with homologous sequences retrieved from GenΒank, whereas a new variant of SPCSV RNA1 was characterized and successfully transmitted onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants with the whitefly species Bemisia tabaci MED and MEAM1. Moreover, the Greek strain of SPPV showed higher similarity with SPPV strain B, even though it possesses a variable RT‐RNase H domain. Further phylogenetic analysis clustered Greek sweet potato virus isolates into various phylogenetic groups, whereas few new clades were formed in the cases of SPFMV, SPVG and SPCSV RNA1. Small‐scale surveys on three different sweet potato crops exhibiting typical, mild or no symptoms also indicated the close association of SPCSV with SPVD. Taken together, this study characterizes for the first time the virome of sweet potato crops in Greece and provides a glimpse into the evolutionary relationships of the identified viruses.
Same product, different price: Experimental evidence on the transaction cost expenditures of selling to governments and firms
Authors: Potoski Matthew , Petersen Ole Helby , Brown Trevor L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhether governments pay more than firms when contracting has been an important and stubbornly vexing question in public management. One challenge has been finding ways to credibly compare the costs of engaging in market transactions with governments versus firms. In this paper, we systematically compare the costs of contracting when governments and firms buy the same product under the same circumstances. Using data from a randomized experiment of Danish firms, we examine selling firms' transaction cost expenditures when selling the same product to governments and other firms. We find that firms estimate spending about 34 percent more on transaction cost expenditures when selling to governments than when selling the same product to firms. Experience in selling to governments is associated with lower transaction cost expenditures, suggesting that learning can reduce firms' costs of selling to governments and firms.
Network analysis reveals different hub genes and molecular pathways for pig in vitro fertilized early embryos and parthenogenotes
Authors: Wu Zi‐Wei , Gao Zhuo‐Ran , Liang Hao , Fang Ting , Wang Yi , Du Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Cai‐Xia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT) occurs when maternal transcripts decay and zygotic genome is activated gradually at the early stage of embryo development. Previously, single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) has helped us to uncover the MZT‐associated mRNA dynamics of in vitro‐produced pig early embryos. Here, to further investigate functional modules and hub genes associated with MZT process, the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on our previously generated 45 scRNA‐seq datasets. For the in vitro fertilized embryo (IVF) group, 5 significant modules were identified (midnight blue/black/red and blue/brown modules, positively correlated with 1‐cell (IVF1) and 8‐cell (IVF8), respectively), containing genes mainly enriched in signalling pathways such as Wnt, regulation of RNA transcription, fatty acid metabolic process, poly(A) RNA binding and lysosome. For the parthenogenetically activated embryo (PA) group, 9 significant modules were identified (black/purple/red, brown/turquoise/yellow, and magenta/blue/green modules, positively correlated with MII oocytes, 1‐cell (PA1) and 8‐cell (PA8), respectively), mainly enriched in extracellular exosome, poly(A) RNA binding, mitochondrion and transcription factor activity. Moreover, some of identified hub genes within 3 IVF and 9 PA significant modules, including ADCY2, DHX34, KDM4A, GDF10, ABCC10, PAFAH2, HEXIM2, COQ9, DCAF11, SGK1 and ESRRB, have been reported to play vital roles in different biological processes. Our findings provide information and resources for subsequent in‐depth study on the regulation and function of MZT in pig embryos.
Minority stressors and suicidal ideation in sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth: Prospective associations and racial differences
Authors: Lawlace Margaret , Newcomb Michael E. , Whitton Sarah W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal ideation (SI) disproportionately affects sexual and gender minority (SGM) versus cisgender/heterosexual youth, likely due to the minority stressors (MS) they face. Research has shown cross‐sectional associations between SGM MS and suicidality; however, few studies have used longitudinal data or examined racial differences in the effects of MS on SI. The current study tested whether MS prospectively predict next‐year SI and whether race moderates these prospective associations.MethodThree hundred and sixty‐nine Black, Latinx, and White SGM youth completed baseline measures of MS, SI, and demographics, and SI 6 and 12 months later.ResultsInternalized stigma, microaggressions, and low support from family and from significant others demonstrated associations with next‐year SI. When controlling for baseline SI, however, only low significant other support predicted next‐year SI. Moderation analyses indicated that internalized stigma predicted SI for White, but not Black or Latinx, individuals and that lower friend support was associated with SI for Latinx, but not White or Black, individuals.ConclusionsThough minority stressors appear to raise risk for SI among SGM, effects may differ by race. Internalized stigma may be particularly influential for SI among White SGM whereas lack of support from friends may be most influential for SI among Latinx SGM youth.
Social capital exchanges in voluntary associations and work organizations: A network perspective
Authors: Au Anson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganizations have been an important setting in which social capital exchanges (SCEs) occur, but little work has been done to distinguish two predominant species of organizations in the social network literature: voluntary associations and formal work organizations. Addressing this lacuna, this article comparatively examines how the two organizational species differ in (1) how two prominent types of SCEs operate (restricted and generalized exchange), as well as (2) the analytical approaches and methodological tools for studying SCEs (boundary‐specification, sampling, network designs, tie‐recording methods) and their adherent implications for network structure (networking conditions and homophily). This article concludes by identifying methodological and theoretical challenges for studying SCEs in organizations (conceptualizing organizations as units, underappreciating meaning‐making and methodological triangulation, and examining contagion in organizational networks in an age of digitalization) and developing recommendations for overcoming them.
World Englishes in ELT textbooks in Swedish upper‐secondary schools
Authors: Lindqvist Nellie , Soler Josep 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate how different varieties of English are represented in a selection of materials used in upper‐secondary schools in Sweden. A 2011 policy reform of the curriculum for the teaching and learning of English at upper‐secondary level underscored the global dimension of the language, taking a distance from the traditional focus on British English. Findings from our content analysis of two selected textbooks suggest that despite this policy change, emphasis is still placed on standard varieties of Inner Circle countries. When other varieties are represented, the characters that utilise them are often portrayed in a more negative light than their Inner Circle counterparts. We suggest that this is indicative of a policy–practice disconnect. We discuss the pedagogical implications for the students of the limited exposure to linguistic variation in English that emerges from the textbooks and point at different ways to continue investigating this issue.
Consistent response of weeds according to Grime's CSR strategies along disturbance and resource gradients in Bordeaux vineyards
Authors: Fried Guillaume , Blanchet Cécile , Cazenave Loreleï , Bopp Marie‐Charlotte , Kazakou Elena , Metay Aurélie , Christen Maxime , Alard Didier , Cordeau Stéphane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVineyards are an appropriate model for testing the filtering effect of management practices on weed communities, as a wide range of practices (tillage, herbicides and mowing) is implemented. The aim of this study is to highlight which trait values are selected by each practice in different environmental conditions, with special references to Grime's CSR strategies. A combination of a multivariate analysis (RLQ) and the fourth‐corner analysis was used to analyse 400 floristic samples belonging to 100 vineyards in the wine‐growing region of Bordeaux (France). The main structure of vineyard weed communities was shaped by the opposition between mowing, favouring hemicryptophytes with a competitive strategy, and soil tillage, favouring therophytes and nutrient‐demanding species with a ruderal strategy. Secondly, the vineyard weed communities differed according to the trophic status of the soil. Vineyards on acidic, sandy soils with low organic matter were characterised by small‐seeded annuals with a stress‐tolerant strategy whereas vineyards with clayey, calcareous soils rich in organic matter, harboured larger perennial nitrophilous species with large seeds and a competitive strategy. Our study is the first to show that weed species responded consistently to two independent gradients with specific traits associated with disturbance (life cycle and SLA) and soil resources (plant height and seed mass) gradients. Based on knowledge of the soil characteristics, it becomes possible to predict which type of weeds will develop according to the combination of practices applied on the vineyard rows and inter‐rows.
Design of a Combined Proportional Integral Derivative Controller to Regulate the Temperature Inside a High-Temperature Tubular Solar Reactor
Authors: Alsahlani Assaad , Randhir Kelvin , Hayes Michael , Schimmels Philipp , Ozalp Nesrin , Klausner James 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solar fuels are proven to be promising candidates for thermochemical energy storage. However, the transient nature of solar radiation is an obstacle to maintaining a stable operational temperature inside a solar reactor. To overcome this challenge, the temperature of a solar reactor can be regulated by controlling the incoming solar radiation or the feedstock flowrate inside the reactor. In this work, a combined proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is implemented to regulate the temperature inside a high-temperature tubular solar reactor with counter-current flowing gas/particles. The control model incorporates two control systems to regulate incoming solar radiation and gas flow simultaneously. The design of the controller is based on a reduced-order numerical model of a high-temperature tubular solar reactor that is vertically oriented with an upward gas flow and downward particle flow. The reactor receives heat circumferentially through its wall over a finite segment of its length. Formulation of the heat transfer model is presented by applying the energy balance for the reactor tube and considering heat and mass transfer inside. A set of governing differential equations are solved numerically by using the finite volume method to obtain reactor wall, particles, and gas temperatures along the reactor length with various boundary conditions. Simulation results are used to tune the PID controller parameters by utilizing the Ziegler–Nichols tuning method. Both the simulation results and the controller performance are visualized on the labview platform. The controller is challenged to track different temperature setpoints with different scenarios of transient solar radiation. The performance of the PID controller was compared to experimental results obtained from an industrial PID controller embedded in a 7 kW electric furnace. Results show that the combined PID controller is successful in maintaining a stable temperature inside the reactor by regulating the incoming solar radiation and the flowrate via small steady-state error and reasonable settling time and overshoot.
Theory of a Glazed Transpired Solar Collector in Natural Convection Mode
Authors: Ekoja M. , Onyegegbu S. O. , Ekechukwu O. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The theory of a glazed transpired collector solar air heater in natural convection mode has been developed. This was aimed at generating a framework for the experimental study of the performance of the collector. The theory involved the definition of some of the collector’s main geometries, the formulation of the energy balance on the collector, and the driving forces within the collector. The dimensional analysis was then applied to the formulations to obtain relationships between important dimensionless groups. The theory of the glazed transpired collector in natural convection mode provides a basis for the development of the collector for application in the areas of space heating and crop drying. This type of collector provides a solution to the challenge of space heating and crop drying at locations where electricity is not available and photovoltaic power is not affordable. It could also contribute to energy savings since it requires no electricity to work.
No Effect of Calanus Oil on Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Tauschek Lucas , Røsbjørgen Ragnhild E.N. , Dalen Håvard , Larsen Terje , Karlsen Trine 
Published: August 2022

We aimed to investigate the long-term effect of daily Calanus oil supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in healthy 30- to 50-year-old participants. The study was motivated by preclinical studies reporting increased VO2max and metabolic health with omega-3 rich Calanus oil. In a double-blinded study, 71 participants were randomized to receive 2 g/day of Calanus or placebo supplementation for a total of 6 months. The participants underwent exercise testing and clinical investigations at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Main study endpoint was change in VO2max from baseline to 6 months. Fifty-eight participants completed the 6-month test and were included in the final data analysis (age: Calanus, 39.7 [38.0, 41.4] and placebo, 38.8 [36.8, 40.9] years; body mass index: Calanus, 24.8 [24.0, 25.6] and placebo, 24.8 [23.7, 25.8] kg/m2; and VO2max: Calanus, 50.4 [47.1, 53.8] and placebo, 50.2 [47.2, 53.1] ml·kg−1·min−1). There were no between-group differences at baseline, nor were there any between-group differences in absolute (Calanus, 3.74 [3.44, 4.04] and placebo, 3.79 [3.44, 4.14] L/min) or relative VO2max (Calanus, 49.7 [46.2, 53.2] and placebo, 49.5 [46.0, 53.1] ml·kg−1·min−1) at 6 months (mean [95% confidence interval]). There were no between-groups change in clinical measures from baseline to 3 and 6 months. In conclusion, VO2max was unaffected by 6 months of daily Calanus oil supplementation in healthy, physically fit, normal to overweight men and women between 30 and 50 years old.
Magma pressurization sustains ongoing eruptive episode at dome-building Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Hickey J. , Pascal K. , Head M. , Gottsmann J. , Fournier N. , Hreinsdottir S. , Syers R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dome-building volcanoes, where long-term eruptive episodes can be interspersed with periods of intra-eruptive repose, are particularly challenging for volcanic hazard assessment. Defining the end of eruptive episodes is vitally important for the socioeconomic recovery of affected communities but highly problematic due to the potential for rapid transition from prolonged, seemingly low-risk repose to dangerous effusive or explosive activity. It is currently unclear what constitutes the end of repose and an eruptive episode. We show that analysis of surface deformation can characterize repose and help define an eruptive episode. At Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, the long-term post–2010 deformation at 12 continuous GPS stations requires the pressure in the magma system to have increased with time; time-dependent stress relaxation or crustal creep cannot explain the deformation trends alone. Continued pressurization within the magmatic system during repose could initiate a renewed eruption, qualifying as sustained unrest and therefore continuation of the eruptive episode. For Soufrière Hills volcano, persistent magma pressurization highlights the need for sustained vigilance in the monitoring and management of the volcano and its surroundings, despite the last eruptive activity ending in 2010. Our results show promise for application to other dome-building volcanoes.
Extensional mountain building along convergent plate boundary: Insights from the active Taiwan mountain belt
Authors: Chen Chih-Tung , Lo Ching-Hua , Wang Pei-Ling , Lin Li-Hung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Late brittle extension is a common feature in orogenic belts, and its role in mountain building processes is still the subject of debate. Its timing relationship with crustal thickening, the building of topography, basin infill, and rock exhumation are of key importance in determining whether it is a major factor in orogenic development or merely causes near-surface secondary effects. We examined this question in relation to the active arc-continent collision of Taiwan, studying its structural evolution by integrating new and critical geochronological results for tensile vein filling of hinterland metamorphic terrane with syn-collision deposition records. Acceleration of rock exhumation and molasse deposition was found to be coeval with the initiation of brittle tensile structures at ca. 1.6 Ma, which was long overdue as continental subduction started well before 6.5 Ma in central to northern Taiwan. The topographic mountain of Taiwan was thus constructed when the upper crust of the thickened orogenic prism turned extensional, as orographic elevation and relief are prerequisites for molasses production. Syn-collisional brittle extension is therefore proposed as a possible facilitator of both augmented extrusive exhumation and the formation of orography.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurobehavioural outcomes at birth and 2 years in infants born before 30 weeks
Authors: Martin Monika , Smith Lynne , Hofheimer Julie A , McGowan Elisabeth C , O'Shea T Michael , Pastyrnak Steve , Carter Brian Scott , Helderman Jennifer , Check Jennifer , Neal Charles , Roberts Mary B , Dansereau Lynne M , Della Grotta Sheri A , Lester Barry M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo identify neurobehavioural risks in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) prior to hospital discharge.Design and patientsLongitudinal study of 676 newborns born before 30 weeks of gestation.SettingNine university NICUs affiliated with six universities. All were Vermont Oxford Network (VON) participants.Patients and interventionsInfants were enrolled in the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants Study from April 2014 to June 2016. Prospective medical record reviews, VON definitions and criteria, and maternal interviews were used to collect maternal and neonatal medical variables and socioenvironmental data.Main Outcome MeasuresNICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) at the time of hospital discharge; Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) and Gross Motor Function Classification System at 2 years’ corrected age.ResultsInfants with moderate/severe BPD were less attentive (Wald χ29.68, p=0.008), more lethargic (Wald χ29.91, p=0.007), with increased non-optimal reflexes (Wald χ27.37, p=0.025). Infants with moderate/severe BPD were more likely to have Bayley-III language and motor scores <85 (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.74, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.85, and aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.85). Infants with both moderate/severe and mild BPD were more likely to have a cerebral palsy diagnosis (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.34 to 6.54, and aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.99).ConclusionsBPD severity presents risks for poor neurodevelopment at NICU discharge and at age 2 years. Early identification of poorly regulated behaviour can provide critical information for early preventive and targeted interventions with potential to improve long-term outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of standardised seroprevalence studies, from January 2020 to December 2021
Authors: Lewis Hannah C , Ware Harriet , Whelan Mairead , Subissi Lorenzo , Li Zihan , Ma Xiaomeng , Nardone Anthony , Valenciano Marta , Cheng Brianna , Noel Kim , Cao Christian , Yanes-Lane Mercedes , Herring Belinda L , Talisuna Ambrose , Ngoy Nsenga , Balde Thierno , Clifton David , Van Kerkhove Maria D , Buckeridge David , Bobrovitz Niklas , Okeibunor Joseph , Arora Rahul K , Bergeri Isabel 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionEstimating COVID-19 cumulative incidence in Africa remains problematic due to challenges in contact tracing, routine surveillance systems and laboratory testing capacities and strategies. We undertook a meta-analysis of population-based seroprevalence studies to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Africa to inform evidence-based decision making on public health and social measures (PHSM) and vaccine strategy.MethodsWe searched for seroprevalence studies conducted in Africa published 1 January 2020–30 December 2021 in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Europe PMC (preprints), grey literature, media releases and early results from WHO Unity studies. All studies were screened, extracted, assessed for risk of bias and evaluated for alignment with the WHO Unity seroprevalence protocol. We conducted descriptive analyses of seroprevalence and meta-analysed seroprevalence differences by demographic groups, place and time. We estimated the extent of undetected infections by comparing seroprevalence and cumulative incidence of confirmed cases reported to WHO.PROSPERO: CRD42020183634.ResultsWe identified 56 full texts or early results, reporting 153 distinct seroprevalence studies in Africa. Of these, 97 (63%) were low/moderate risk of bias studies. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rose from 3.0% (95% CI 1.0% to 9.2%) in April–June 2020 to 65.1% (95% CI 56.3% to 73.0%) in July–September 2021. The ratios of seroprevalence from infection to cumulative incidence of confirmed cases was large (overall: 100:1, ranging from 18:1 to 954:1) and steady over time. Seroprevalence was highly heterogeneous both within countries—urban versus rural (lower seroprevalence for rural geographic areas), children versus adults (children aged 0–9 years had the lowest seroprevalence)—and between countries and African subregions.ConclusionWe report high seroprevalence in Africa suggesting greater population exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and potential protection against COVID-19 severe disease than indicated by surveillance data. As seroprevalence was heterogeneous, targeted PHSM and vaccination strategies need to be tailored to local epidemiological situations.