bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Mobile App Version of the EQ-5D-5L Quality of Life Questionnaire Against the Gold Standard Paper-Based Version: Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Kamstra Regina J M , Boorsma André , Krone Tanja , van Stokkum Robin M , Eggink Hannah M , Peters Ton , Pasman Wilrike J 
Published: June 2022

Background
Study participants and patients often perceive (long) questionnaires as burdensome. In addition, paper-based questionnaires are prone to errors such as (unintentionally) skipping questions or filling in a wrong type of answer. Such errors can be prevented with the emergence of mobile questionnaire apps.

Objective
This study aimed to validate an innovative way to measure the quality of life using a mobile app based on the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. This validation study compared the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire requested by a mobile app with the gold standard paper-based version of the EQ-5D-5L.

Methods
This was a randomized, crossover, and open study. The main criteria for participation were participants should be aged ≥18 years, healthy at their own discretion, in possession of a smartphone with at least Android version 4.1 or higher or iOS version 9 or higher, digitally skilled in downloading the mobile app, and able to read and answer questionnaires in Dutch. Participants were recruited by a market research company that divided them into 2 groups balanced for age, gender, and education. Each participant received a digital version of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire via a mobile app and the EQ-5D-5L paper-based questionnaire by postal mail. In the mobile app, participants received, for 5 consecutive days, 1 question in the morning and 1 question in the afternoon; as such, all questions were asked twice (at time point 1 [App T1] and time point 2 [App T2]). The primary outcomes were the correlations between the answers (scores) of each EQ-5D-5L question answered via the mobile app compared with the paper-based questionnaire to assess convergent validity.

Results
A total of 255 participants (healthy at their own discretion), 117 (45.9%) men and 138 (54.1%) women in the age range of 18 to 64 years, completed the study. To ensure randomization, the measured demographics were checked and compared between groups. To compare the results of the electronic and paper-based questionnaires, polychoric correlation analysis was performed. All questions showed a high correlation (0.64-0.92; P<.001) between the paper-based and the mobile app–based questions at App T1 and App T2. The scores and their variance remained similar over the questionnaires, indicating no clear difference in the answer tendency. In addition, the correlation between the 2 app-based questionnaires was high (>0.73; P<.001), illustrating a high test-retest reliability, indicating it to be a reliable replacement for the paper-based questionnaire.

Conclusions
This study indicates that the mobile app is a valid tool for measuring the quality of life and is as reliable as the paper-based version of the EQ-5D-5L, while reducing the response burden.
Assessing the Clinical Robustness of Digital Health Startups: Cross-sectional Observational Analysis
Authors: Day Sean , Shah Veeraj , Kaganoff Sari , Powelson Shannon , Mathews Simon C 
Published: June 2022

Background
The digital health sector has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. However, health care technology stakeholders lack a comprehensive understanding of clinical robustness and claims across the industry.

Objective
This analysis aimed to examine the clinical robustness and public claims made by digital health companies.

Methods
A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted using company data from the Rock Health Digital Health Venture Funding Database, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the US National Library of Medicine. Companies were included if they sell products targeting the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment phases of the care continuum. Clinical robustness was defined using regulatory filings and clinical trials completed by each company. Public claims data included clinical, economic, and engagement claims regarding product outcomes made by each company on its website.

Results
A total of 224 digital health companies with an average age of 7.7 years were included in our cohort. Average clinical robustness was 2.5 (1.8 clinical trials and 0.8 regulatory filings) with a median score of 1. Ninety-eight (44%) companies had a clinical robustness score of 0, while 45 (20%) companies had a clinical robustness score of 5 or more. The average number of public claims was 1.3 (0.5 clinical, 0.4 economic, and 0.4 engagement); the median number of claims was 1. No correlation was observed between clinical robustness and number of clinical claims (r2=0.02), clinical robustness and total funding (r2=0.08), or clinical robustness and company age (r2=0.18).

Conclusions
Many digital health companies have a low level of clinical robustness and do not make many claims as measured by regulatory filings, clinical trials, and public data shared online. Companies and customers may benefit from investing in greater clinical validation efforts.
Descontrol glucémico en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 aumenta la severidad de la periodontitis
Authors: Hoz-Rodríguez Lia , Hernández-Hernández Pablo Rodrigo , Herrera Hernández Brenda Yesenia , Orozco Molina Grissel , León Dorantes Gladys , Arreguín Cano Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La periodontitis es una de las principales complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), ambas enfermedades presentan una relación bidireccional donde el descontrol glucémico es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de la periodontitis. Sin embargo, el grado de severidad del descontrol glucémico y de la periodontitis no han sido evaluados a fondo. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación que existe entre el descontrol glucémico en DMT2 y la severidad de la periodontitis. Material y métodos: Hombres y mujeres con DMT2 con y sin periodontitis crónica generalizada del Hospital «Dr. Donato G Alarcón» fueron incluidos en el estudio. Tras firma de consentimiento informado se realizó una exploración periodontal registrando: enrojecimiento gingival, sangrado, supuración, profundidad de sondeo y nivel de inserción clínica. Asimismo, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre venosa periférica para determinar niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), colesterol, triglicéridos, lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL), lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL), creatinina y recuento de granulocitos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 158 casos con DMT2, la población presentó 42 (26%) con salud periodontal, 36 (22%) periodontitis leve, 26 (16%) periodontitis moderada y 54 (34%) con periodontitis severa. Con respecto a la HbA1c, se encontró con buen control 26 (16%), mal control 56 (35%) y con alto riesgo de complicaciones 46 (48%). Se encontró una disminución significativa en el enrojecimiento gingival y un aumento en los niveles de pérdida de inserción clínica en pacientes con alto riesgo de complicaciones. Asimismo, se encontró un aumento significativo de granulocitos en el grupo de casos con alto riesgo de complicaciones. Discusión: El aumento descontrolado y prolongado de los niveles de glucosa en sangre se ha correlacionado con el desarrollo de diversas complicaciones. En el periodonto los eventos generados por este desbalance se han relacionado con el desarrollo de la periodontitis. Sin embargo, no se ha evaluado la relación entre el grado de severidad y el descontrol glucémico. Conclusión: Se encontró una relación positiva entre niveles altos de HbA1c y la severidad de la periodontitis crónica generalizada.
Pengaruh Faktor Sosial, Ekonomi Dan Lingkungan Terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Pada Anak Di Kota Jambi
Authors: Devi Arnalia , Jalius Jalius , Kalsum Ummi 
Published: June 2022

Tuberculosis is a disease cause by Mycobakterium tuberculosis in children occurs on 0 -14 years old children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence between the social, economic and environment factors with the incidence of tuberculosis in children. This study design was case control. Examined variables were parental knowledge, birth weight, BCG immunization, house contact, smoking, parental income, ventilation, lighting, temperature, humidity and residential density was the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Case samples were the total number of cases recorded in the TB-03 register in Jambi City, July - December 2019. Control was taken by means of the neighborhood, age and gender matching method. The number of samples was 104 people 1:1 (52 cases and 52 controls). Data collection by interview using a questionnaire, observation and measurement. Data analyzed with chi square test and binary logistic regression at 95% CI. Case characteristics in boys (61.5%) aged over 5 years. There was a influence between smoking, house contact, and bedroom lighting with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. The social, economy and environment factors were not related to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. The most dominant factor the incidence of tuberculosis in children is home contact with a probability of 99% supported by home lighting factors (OR = 7.35, 95% CI = 2.120 - 25.508) after being controlled by BCG immunization, smoking, bedroom temperature, house temperature and occupancy density. The research conclusion shows that Pulmonary Tuberculosis in children only happens when there is a direct contact from the grown ups who have the disease with the children and they live at the same house. This is also supported with the house lighting as the breaking factor of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria.
Process evaluation of the SPPiRE trial: a GP delivered medication review of polypharmacy, deprescribing and patient priorities in older people with multimorbidity
Authors: McCarthy Caroline , Pericin Ivana , Smith Susan M , Kiely Bridget , Moriarty Frank , Wallace Emma , Clyne Barbara 
Published: June 2022

Background: The SPPiRE cluster randomised controlled trial
(RCT) found that a GP delivered medication review that incorporated
screening potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP), a brown bag
review and a patient priority assessment, resulted in a significant but
small reduction in the number of medicines and no significant reduction
in PIP.
Objective: To explore the experiences of GPs and patients
engaged in the SPPiRE intervention and the potential for system wide
implementation.
Design: Mixed methods process evaluation; quantitative data was
collected from the SPPiRE intervention website and qualitative data via
semi-structured interviews.
Setting and participants: 51 general practices throughout
Ireland, and 404 participants with multimorbidity aged ≥65 years,
prescribed ≥15 medicines participated in the RCT. Qualitative data was
collected with purposive samples of intervention GPs (18/26) and
patients (27/208).
Methods: Quantitative data was analysed descriptively,
qualitative data thematically and both were integrated using a
triangulation protocol.
Results: The analysis generated three themes, intervention
implementation, mechanisms of action, and both were underpinned by the
theme of context. One fifth of patients had no review, primarily due to
insufficient GP time. The brown bag review component resulted in the
most medication changes, particularly stopping a medicine. GPs felt it
easier to change medicines if the patient was well known to them, and
patients were generally receptive to change. GPs identified lack of
integration into practice software systems and resources as barriers to
future implementation.
Conclusion: Consideration of implementation of successful
interventions is key to informing policy and integration into clinical
practice. GPs and patients viewed the intervention positively, but
implementation will depend on resourcing and integration into practice
software systems.
Trial registration number:
ISRCTN12752680
Applying ISA 240 for Fraud Detection and Resolution: Evidence from Indonesia and Ghana
Authors: Mustikarini Arizona , Der Basil Abeifaa , Stuart Iris C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Prior studies in developed countries investigate the auditor's fraud detection process. However, it is unclear whether the results from developed countries apply in developing countries because no fraud detection research has been performed in this setting. The current study examines how auditors in two developing countries, Indonesia and Ghana, apply ISA 240 for fraud detection, including how auditors identify, investigate, and resolve potential fraud issues. We find that (1) senior managers originate most asset misappropriation frauds; (2) auditors in Indonesia and Ghana do not use information technology or internal control assessment for fraud investigation; (3) auditors modify the audit program once potential fraud is detected; and (4) auditors use a more contending than conceding negotiation strategy when resolving potential fraud issues, which often stop short of requiring audit clients to record all audit adjustments.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Cranial base measurements in different anteroposterior skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis
Authors: Al Maaitah Emad F. , Alomari Sawsan , Al-Khateeb Susan N. , Abu Alhaija Elham S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess the linear and angular cranial base measurements (Bjork polygon) in different anteroposterior (AP) skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis.

Materials and Methods
Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 288 (146 women, 142 men, mean ages 21.24 ± 2.72 years and 22.94 ± 3.28 years, respectively) adult patients were divided into Class I, II, and III skeletal relationships according to their ANB angle. Linear and angular measurements of Bjork polygon were measured and compared among different skeletal relationships. Analysis of variance was performed to detect the differences among groups. Independent-sample t-test was used to detect differences between men and women.

Results
The Class II skeletal relationship has a significantly larger saddle angle than Class III does (P &lt; .05), whereas Class III has a significantly larger gonial angle than Class II does (P &lt; .05). The articular angle and sum of Bjork polygon angles were not significantly different among groups (P &gt; .05). Anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ar) cranial base lengths were similar in the different AP skeletal relationships (P &gt; .05). The ramal height and body of the mandible length were significantly larger in Class III compared with Class I and II (P &lt; .05). Women had a significantly larger articular angle than men did (P &lt; .05), although men had significantly larger linear measurements of Bjork polygon than women did (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The Class III skeletal relationship has a smaller saddle angle and larger mandibular length and gonial angle. Men have a larger cranial base and mandibular linear measurements and a smaller articular angle compared with women.
Changes in the Co-Expression of Innate Immunity Genes During Persistent Islet Autoimmunity are Associated with Progression of Islet Autoimmunity: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)
Authors: Carry Patrick M. , Waugh Kathleen , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Johnson Randi K. , Buckner Teresa , Rewers Marian , Steck Andrea K. , Yang Ivana , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Kechris Katerina , Norris Jill M. 
Published: June 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Longitudinal changes in gene expression during islet autoimmunity (IA) may provide insight into biological processes that explain progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We identified individuals from DAISY who developed IA, autoantibodies present on two or more visits. Illumina’s NovaSEQ 600TM was used to quantify gene expression in whole blood. Linear mixed models tested for changes in expression after IA that differed across individuals who progressed to T1D (progressors, n=25), reverted to an autoantibody negative stage (reverters, n=47), or maintained IA positivity but did not develop T1D (maintainers, n=66). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify co-expression modules. Gene Ontology pathway analysis of the top 150 differentially expressed genes (nominal p<0.01) identified significantly enriched pathways including leukocyte activation involved in immune response, innate immune response, and regulation of immune response. We identified a module of 14 co-expressed genes with roles in the innate immunity. The hub gene, <em>LTF,</em> is known to have immunomodulatory properties. Another gene within the module, <em>CAMP</em>, is potentially relevant based on its role in promoting beta cell survival in a murine model. Overall, results provide evidence of alterations in expression of innate immune genes prior to onset of T1D.</p>
Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Sistem Kekerabatan Purusa: Legitimasi Sejarah atas Kepemimpinan Politik Perempuan
Authors: Budiarta I Wayan 
Published: June 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi peran perempuan dalam kepemimpinan (terutama khususnya kepemimpinan bidang politik) melalui pendekatan historis dalam sistem kekerabatan lempeng ka purusa pada masyarakat adat Bali. Penelitian menggunakan metode kepustakaan, sifat penelitian deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan catatan sejarah munculnya peran perempuan dalam ruang publik kepemimpinan perempuan di tengah budaya lempeng ka purusa berkenaan dengan nilai-nilai kesamaan antara perempuan dan laki-laki. Literatur sejarah, membahas hak-hak perempuan sampai pada masalah kepemimpinan. Pertama anggapan bahwa perempuan tidak pantas menjadi pemimpin karena peran dan tugas telah terbatas pada lingkup domestik. Kedua, sejak diterbitkan Putusan MUDP X/2010 melegitimasi perempuan terlibat dan berperan aktif seperti laki-laki di ruang publik dan domestik. kebijakan responsive gender kuota 30% perempuan menempatkan legitimasi terhadap kepemimpinan perempuan. Pemberian akses yang cukup kepada perempuan, melakukan kontrol terhadap setiap kebijakan yang bias gender, melibatkan perempuan untuk memberikan partisipasinya, dan memberikan benefit yang adil antara laki-laki dan perempuan.
Analisis Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Kondisi Ekonomi Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013-2017
Authors: Maulana Rivo , Pitoyo Agus Joko , Alfana Muhammad Arif Fahrudin 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh kemiskinan dan kondisi ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2013-2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu berupa analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data dasar dari data terbitan Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Tengah. Pengukuran pengaruh kemiskinan dan kondisi ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia digunakan analisis regresi liniear berganda dengan uji t-test dan f-test. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2013-2107. Variabel kemiskinan menunjukan koefisien 0,34 artinya jika terjadi kenaikan kemiskinan sebesar 1 persen maka akan menurunkan IPM sebesar 0,34 persen di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Sedangkan hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ekonomi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2013-2017.
Features of quality management of electronic services in Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization
Authors: Klymenko Olena , Lehominova Svitlana , Goloborodko Alona 
Published: June 2022

Purpose – to investigate the features of quality management of electronic services in Ukraine in the context of digitalization intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodology – analysis of statistical data published in traditional media, analysis of annual monitoring studies of private commercial companies, the study of the regulatory framework, published in free access to the Internet research on the problem of managing the quality of electronic services, as well as the author's sociological research, which allows assessing the level of e-services in Ukraine. Findings – there were highlighted the main criteria for business development in a fundamentally new digital environment of communication and social interaction, due to the intensive development of IT technologies, which implies the introduction of innovative methods of working with consumers in virtual environments based on messenger platforms. The conducted sociological research made it possible to highlight the reasons for the decline in the quality of service provision due to weak cyber protection, imperfection of the regulatory framework in the context of determining quality criteria, the legal unresolved issue of responsibility for disclosing personal data of consumers, a low level of digital culture of citizens, a fairly large volume of false content, dissatisfaction with the speed of the mobile Internet. Research limitations – the lack of systematization of the types of electronic services, the imperfection of the methodology for organizing the system for managing the procedure for the provision of services, the lack of regulatory certainty, which makes it possible to establish responsibility for quality and confidentiality. An interdisciplinary approach has led to the development of key determinants for evaluating e-service delivery. Highlighted business problems when working on Internet platforms, the elimination of which will improve the quality of electronic services. The economic, social, legal, and technical prerequisites for reducing the quality of e-services have been established, as well as a comparative analysis of the technical capabilities of mobile providers providing coverage and penetration of the Internet in the country.
Study of Microclimate and Sapling Citrus Plant Transpiration in Tunnel Greenhouse Under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Bekraoui Adil , Fatnassi Hicham , Kheir Ahmed Mohammed Saad , Chakir Sanae , Senhaji Allal , Mouqallid Mhamed , Majdoubi Hassan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In Mediterranean basin, citrus culture is expanding rapidly with a growing demand for high-quality saplings. Protected cultivation with fine microclimate conditions control is the best process of citrus saplings growing with the required quality. In this context, the developed microclimate of a tunnel citrus saplings greenhouse and its effects on plant activity parameters, such as leaf temperature and transpiration, were investigated. The findings show that the temperatures of air and plant leaves inside the greenhouse are highly variable between 6 °C and 33 °C and from 8 °C to 30 °C, respectively. Results also show that greenhouse air humidity is very high – more than 80%. The analysis of plant transpiration based on greenhouse microclimate conditions and leaf temperature reveals that (i) plant transpiration varies throughout the day (between 1.9 and 65.7 mg m−2·s−1); (ii) leaf temperature simulation can be used as an indirect indicator of plant water stress; and (iii) the simulated temperature difference between the leaves and the internal air of the greenhouse can be used to define the minimum threshold air temperature for proper plant development under the greenhouse conditions.