bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a mindfulness‐based school curriculum on emotion processing in Vietnamese pre‐adolescents: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Nguyen Thy U. , Dorjee Dusana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe neurocognitive mechanisms associated with mindfulness training in children are not well understood. This randomised controlled study with active and passive control groups examined the impact of an 18‐week mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers on emotion processing in Vietnamese 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds. Event‐related potential markers indexed emotion processing while children were completing emotional Go/No‐Go tasks before and after mindfulness training, and at 6‐month follow‐up. In an oddball Go/No‐Go task with Caucasian faces no changes in P3b and LPP components were detected, but in a Go/No‐Go task with Caucasian and Japanese faces changes were observed in P3b latencies and LPP mean amplitudes. Specifically, the P3b in response to angry non‐targets for Japanese faces peaked later in the mindfulness training group (TG) at 6‐months follow‐up in comparison to the non‐intervention control group (NCG). The LPP mean amplitudes for averaged Caucasian and Japanese angry non‐targets were also attenuated in the TG at 6‐month follow‐up. In contrast, no changes in the LPP mean amplitudes were observed for the NCG over time. Together, these findings may indicate that mindfulness training in pre‐adolescents enhances emotional non‐reactivity to negative distractors. A fluctuating pattern of LPP mean amplitude modulations for angry targets was observed in the active control group (ACG) receiving social‐emotional learning (SEL) training. Overall, findings from this study suggest that mindfulness training in pre‐adolescents enhances emotional non‐reactivity to negative distractors and some of the effects are culturally sensitive.
Sex differences in the association between alcohol intake and cognitive decline over 4 years in a middle‐aged cohort: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health
Authors: Salvador Larissa , Giatti Luana , Viana Maria Carmen , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Duncan Bruce B. , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da , Brunoni André R. , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Caramelli Paulo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between alcohol intake and cognitive decline has been widely studied. Sex differences and cognitive domains affected by alcohol intake patterns make this topic complex. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol intake on cognition in middle‐aged participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health by sex during 4 years of follow‐up.MethodsA total of 7595 participants (55% women) aged between 50 and 75 years at baseline were assessed. Semantic and phonemic fluency, memory, and executive functions were assessed at baseline (2008–2010) and repeated during Visit 2. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the association between cognition and current abstainers, never drinkers, light drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers.ResultsHeavy alcohol intake accentuated the decline in executive functions for men (β = −0.01, p < 0.05), and in semantic fluency (β = −0.02, p < 0.05) and memory (β = −0.02, p < 0.05) for women. Never drinker men also showed an accentuated decline in semantic fluency (β = −0.02, p < 0.01). Moderate alcohol intake slowed cognitive decline in phonemic fluency for men (β = 0.02, p < 0.01) and women (β = 0.01, p < 0.01), and in executive functions (β = 0.01, p < 0.05) for women.ConclusionsHaving more than 14 drinks per week can impact executive functions in men and memory in women. In addition, alcohol consumption of seven to 14 drinks per week may have a protective effect on gender‐specific cognitive functions. These findings should be considered in public health policies and guidelines on alcohol and cognitive aging.
Demyelinating events following anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: Rare but challenging to treat
Authors: Kalén Erik , Piehl Fredrik , Andersson Magnus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeDemyelinating events are listed as adverse events with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi), but epidemiological studies have provided partly conflicting risk estimates. Furthermore, studies examining long‐term outcomes of demyelinating events associated with TNFi are rare.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study comprising validation and tracking of long‐term outcomes in patients referred to a tertiary neurology referral center for suspected neurological complications associated with TNFi.ResultsOf 48 patients evaluated, only 14 showed signs of demyelinating disease on magnetic resonance imaging, where six fulfilled criteria for a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and eight were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, 13 patients had received an International Classification of Diseases code for MS at some stage. Mean follow‐up from referral was 13 and 10.5 years among subjects with MS and CIS, respectively. Continued disease activity was recorded among several of those fulfilling MS criteria, and two ultimately underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In contrast, subjects with CIS showed no progression after cessation of TNFi.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that only a minority of those with suspected demyelinating disease following TNFi fulfill diagnostic criteria for MS and that MS diagnoses among those not fulfilling MS criteria may contribute to inflated epidemiological risk estimates. Nevertheless, in those fulfilling MS criteria, initiation of disease‐modulating therapy, with escalation as needed, was important to suppress further disease activity.
Integrated evaluation of a panel of neurochemical biomarkers to optimize diagnosis and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Falzone Yuri Matteo , Domi Teuta , Mandelli Alessandra , Pozzi Laura , Schito Paride , Russo Tommaso , Barbieri Alessandra , Fazio Raffaella , Volontè Maria Antonietta , Magnani Giuseppe , Del Carro Ubaldo , Carrera Paola , Malaspina Andrea , Agosta Federica , Quattrini Angelo , Furlan Roberto , Filippi Massimo , Riva Nilo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of a panel of serum biomarkers and to correlate their concentrations with several clinical parameters in a large cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsOne hundred forty‐three consecutive patients with ALS and a control cohort consisting of 70 patients with other neurodegenerative disorders (DEG), 70 patients with ALS mimic disorders (ALSmd), and 45 healthy controls (HC) were included. Serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and total tau protein levels were measured using ultrasensitive single molecule array.ResultsNfL correlated with disease progression rate (p < 0.001) and with the measures of upper motor neuron burden (p < 0.001). NfL was higher in the ALS patients with classic and pyramidal phenotype. GFAP was raised in ALS with cognitive–behavioral impairment compared with ALS with normal cognition. NfL displayed the best diagnostic performance in discriminating ALS from HC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.990), DEG (AUC = 0.946), and ALSmd (AUC = 0.850). UCHL1 performed well in distinguishing ALS from HC (AUC = 0.761), whereas it was not helpful in differentiating ALS from DEG and ALSmd. In multivariate analysis, NfL (p < 0.001) and UCHL1 (p = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors. Survival analysis combining NfL and UCHL1 effectively stratified patients with lower NfL levels (p < 0.001).ConclusionsNfL is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of ALS and the strongest predictor of survival. UCHL1 is an independent prognostic factor helpful in stratifying survival in patients with low NfL levels, likely to have slowly progressive disease. GFAP reflects extramotor involvement, namely cognitive impairment or frontotemporal dementia.
Systemic and personal factors that affect students' elective language other than English enrollment decisions
Authors: Clayton Stephanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a world where English has achieved global dominance, it is unsurprising that the instrumental value of learning a language other than English (LOTE) for those already fluent in English is increasingly deemed unnecessary. There are significant enrollment declines postcompulsory second language (L2) learning in all English‐speaking countries. To explore the common Australian “monolingual mindset” and students' reasons for (not) enrolling in elective LOTE subjects, a mixed methodology study was conducted with Tasmanian Year 9–12 students. While the findings highlighted the main (de)motivators experienced by students, one key finding was the lost cohort of students who want to study a LOTE but are prevented from doing so by personal and systemic barriers. A complex interplay of factors affects student decision‐making regarding elective LOTE enrollment. This article focuses upon those students who were forced to discontinue their languages study and the untold story of elective LOTE enrollment decline.
Reduced body weight of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) causes delayed initiation of spawning migration
Authors: Kakehi Shigeho , Hashimoto Midori , Naya Miyako , Ito Shin‐ichi , Miyamoto Hiroomi , Suyama Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fishing grounds of the Pacific saury began shifting eastward after 2013 and deviated further east in 2019 and 2020. Consequently, the migration pattern from the pre‐fishing distribution to fishing grounds may be changing. This study investigated inter‐annual variations in westward spawning migration parameters using a migration model. Case studies were conducted to estimate optimal values for the initiation date of spawning migration and migration speed during spawning migration. The estimated optimal initiation date of spawning migration from 2003 to 2018 was July 13 to August 8, with an average of July 31. However, in 2019 and 2020, the initiation date of spawning migration was August 22 and September 5, respectively, significantly later than that in 2003–2018 (p < .01). The estimated optimal swimming speed during spawning migration in 2019 and 2020 was not significantly different from that in 2003–2018 (p > .7). These results indicate that delays in the initiation of spawning migration occurred in 2019 and 2020, leading to an eastward shift of fishing grounds. The mean body weight of the age‐1 Pacific saury in the pre‐fishing season had a significant negative correlation (p < .01) with the initiation date of spawning migration. This result suggests that Pacific saury with low body weight continues to feed for growth instead of initiating spawning migration. However, body weight at initiation of spawning migration had a significant decreasing trend (p < .01), indicating that the Pacific saury had to start spawning migration despite low body weight in recent years.
Latitudinal variation in freshwater mussel potential maximum length in Eastern North America
Authors: DuBose Traci P. , Patten Michael A. , Holt Alexandria S. , Vaughn Caryn C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

As body size often predicts energetic requirements and fecundity, understanding the drivers behind size variation is important. Neo‐Bergmann's rule states that larger individuals are found at higher latitudes and this size variation is attributable to temperature gradients. In ectotherms, this macroecological pattern has mixed support within the literature—both the direction and mechanism of size correlation with latitude varies.

We asked if two species of freshwater mussels with different thermal niche preferences, Amblema plicata and Lampsilis cardium, follow neo‐Bergmann's rule and what mechanisms might drive that latitudinal variation. Lampsilis cardium is a thermally sensitive species intolerant of high temperatures, and A. plicata is more tolerant of a wide range of temperatures. We predicted that the thermally sensitive species at southern latitudes would have stunted growth in the summer and that this stunting would produce a steeper relationship with latitude than in the thermally tolerant species. We collected and thin‐sectioned 113 A. plicata shells from 23 sites and 85 Lampsilis cardium shells from 12 sites across a latitudinal gradient in the eastern U.S.A. We used back‐calculated size‐at‐age data to determine logistic growth parameters for each taxon across this gradient. We used Bayesian model selection to evaluate how environmental information correlated with potential maximum size.

We found that both mussel species reached a larger potential maximum size at higher latitudes, with the thermally sensitive species having the larger increase in potential maximum size across the gradient when compared to the thermally tolerant species. Average annual water temperature explained mussel potential maximum size better than annual catchment precipitation, annual minimum flow ratio, and species identity. Both increased average water temperature and annual catchment precipitation, two predicted outcomes of climate change, were associated with smaller potential maximum size.

Reductions in mussel maximum size due to climate change induced shifts in temperature regimes and precipitation patterns could lead to reduced reproductive output of this threatened guild and subsequent changes in ecosystem function and services, such as decreased biofiltration.

As climate change alters precipitation patterns and stream productivity, and increases water temperature, understanding size variation and its cause in aquatic organisms will be important for managing these vulnerable populations.
The polity of implementation: Organizational and institutional arrangements in policy implementation
Authors: Sager Fritz , Gofen Anat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolicy implementation is a formative stage of the policy process. It determines policy's form and effect while also lying at the intersection of politics, policy, and the public. Policy implementation takes place within a given institutional setting and requires specific structure and organization to conduct it both of which allocate decision power and mint specific roles in the implementation process. Nevertheless, current implementation literature tends to overlook implementation arrangements as structures influencing, and influenced by, power. This special issue draws on various aspects of implementation arrangements to demonstrate the significant, yet underexplored, polity of implementation. To do so, this introduction begins by reviewing the conceptual frameworks available in the current implementation scholarship. This is followed by a discussion of the special issue's seven contributions. Finally, the conclusion proposes recommendations for conducting future research on the polity of implementation.
NIETZSCHE'S EARLY AND LATE CONCEPTIONS OF TIME AND ETERNAL RECURRENCE
Authors: RAYMAN JOSHUA 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTFriedrich Nietzsche's late notions of time and eternal recurrence are semiotically concentrated concepts, tacitly freighted by their history. What we think they mean on their face is other than their history testifies. Examination of Nietzsche's early writings reveals multiple branching possibilities within his mature conceptions of time and eternal recurrence. His key early texts on time, space, and history—the apparently anomalous, five‐page early‐1873 fragment known as the Zeitatomenlehre (or “Time‐Atom Theory”), On the Use and Disadvantage of History for Life, The Pre‐Platonic Philosophers, and Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks—described concepts ranging from time atom theory and eternal recurrence to monumental, critical, and antiquarian history, and the unhistorical, historical, and superhistorical. By determining which of these concepts he privileged in his early work, we can better judge whether the privileged time moment in Thus Spoke Zarathustra refers to a pure fiction, a discrete set of experiential, yet unhistorical time atoms, a continuous temporal spectrum, or a single superhistorical moment encompassing all time. Similarly, examination of Nietzsche's early treatments of eternal recurrence in The Pre‐Platonic Philosophers and Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks can help us determine his favored sense of eternal recurrence in the 1880s. This is not to reduce the late to the early work but rather to show just how he came to accept time and eternal recurrence as a plurality of overlapping, connected, recurrent, intratemporal phenomenological moments.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the load capacity and clinical behaviour of the root filled teeth
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Lin Fei , Nagarkar Sanket , Perdigão Jorge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of root‐filled teeth depends not only on a successful root canal treatment but also on the restorative prognosis. This critical review discusses the advantages and limitations of various methodologies used to assess the load capacity or clinical survivability of root‐filled teeth and restorations. These methods include static loading, cyclic loading, finite element analysis and randomized clinical trials. In vitro research is valuable for preclinical screening of new dental materials or restorative modalities. It also can assist investigators or industry to decide whether further clinical trials are justified. It is important that these models present high precision and accuracy, be reproducible, and present adequate outcomes. Although in vitro models can reduce confounding by controlling important variables, the lack of clinical validation (accuracy) is a downside that has not been properly addressed. Most importantly, many in vitro studies did not explore the mechanisms of failure and their results are limited to rank different materials or treatment modalities according to the maximum load capacity. An extensive number of randomized clinical trials have also been published in the last years. These trials have provided valuable insight on the survivability of the root‐filled tooth answering numerous clinical questions. However, trials can also be affected by the selected outcome and by intrinsic and extrinsic biases. For example, selection bias, loss to follow‐up and confounding. In the clinical scenario, hypothesis‐based studies are preferred over observational and retrospective studies. It is recommended that hypothesis‐based studies minimize error and bias during the design phase.
Analysis of a city‐wide COVID‐19 prevention strategy for aged‐care facilities during third and fifth waves of COVID‐19 in Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
Authors: Nagao Miki , Matsumura Yasufumi , Yamamoto Masaki , Shinohara Koh , Yukawa Satomi , Noguchi Taro , Tsuchido Yasuhiro , Ikeda Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the third wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic at the end of 2020, clusters occurred frequently in aged‐care facilities (ACFs), which put pressure on the medical field in Japan. Based on this experience, Kyoto University and Kyoto City collaborated to promote a citywide COVID‐19 prevention strategy to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 within ACFs. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of the prevention strategy among ACFs in Kyoto City during the third and fifth waves of the pandemic.MethodsDuring the study period, the following measures were adopted as the prevention strategy in all ACFs: (1) active polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mass testing and facility‐wide testing when a single case was identified, (2) implementation of strategies to prevent transmission within a facility, and (3) vaccination program for ACFs.ResultsOf the 1,144 facilities subjected to the mass testing, 71.0% participated in the whole program including active PCR testing. The remainder participated in the rest of the programs. The prevalence of ACF‐related COVID‐19 cases among total COVID‐19 cases in Kyoto City decreased from 7.9% in the third wave to 4.1% in the fourth wave and 2.1% in the fifth wave. The incidence of clusters and proportion of severe elderly cases also decreased during the study period.ConclusionsA city‐wide multidisciplinary effort including PCR mass testing and a vaccination program in cooperation with a university and local administrative office successfully reduced the clusters and transmission in ACFs in Kyoto City, Japan.
Self‐segregation and solubility in nonstoichiometric MgAl2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Caliman Lorena B. , da Silva Andre Luiz , Gouvêa Douglas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnesium aluminate spinel (MAS) has a wide range of technological applications owing to its exceptional mechanical properties and good chemical stability. MAS phase diagrams indicate that only stoichiometric MgAl2O4 is stable at ∼25°C and Mg2+ and Al3+ exhibit solubility in nonstoichiometric MAS only at temperatures higher than ∼1200°C. In this study, the synthesis of nonstoichiometric single‐phase spinel nanopowders at low temperatures is reported, and the role of the chemical distribution of Al3+ and Mg2+ excess on the stability of these nanopowders is examined. We performed selective lixiviation to examine the surface segregation of Mg2+ and Al3+ in nonstoichiometric MAS to investigate its effect on interfacial solubility and consequently the stability of nonstoichiometric MAS. Furthermore, we plotted an experimental phase diagram of nano MAS that predicts the crystallite size limits for the nonstoichiometric single‐phase MAS.
Metabolite profiling reveals overexpression of the global regulator, MoLAEA leads to increased synthesis of metabolites in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Subba Pratigya , Saha Pallabi , Karthikkeyan Gayathree , Biswas Mousumi , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Roy-Barman Subhankar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo study the altered metabolic pathways and metabolites produced in overexpression and knockdown mutants of a global regulator named MoLAEA, which was recently found to regulate the expression of the genes involved in secondary metabolism in one of the most destructive plant pathogens, Magnaporthe oryzae.Methods and ResultsMass spectrometry-based global untargeted metabolomic profiling was used to identify altered metabolites. Metabolites were extracted from the mutant strains of MoLAEA using two extraction methods viz., aqueous and organic extraction and data acquired using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in positive and negative polarities. Levels of metabolites involved in various biological pathways such as amino acid as well as polyamine biosynthesis, fatty acid and pyrimidine metabolism showed a remarkable change in the mutant strains. Interestingly, metabolites involved in stress responses were produced in higher quantities in the overexpression strain, whereas certain overproduced metabolites were associated with distinctive phenotypic changes in the overexpression strain compared with the wild type. Further, the expression of several genes involved in the stress responses was found to have higher expression in the overexpression strain.ConclusionsThe global regulator MoLAEA is involved in secondary metabolism in the plant pathogen M. oryzae such that the mutant strains showed an altered level of several metabolites involved in the biosynthesis pathways compared with the wild type. Also, metabolites involved in stress responses were overproduced in the overexpression strain and this can be seen in the higher growth in media amended with stress-inducing agents or a higher expression of genes involved in stress response in the overexpression strain compared with the wild type.Significance and Impact of the StudyThis is the first report of metabolite profiling relative to the global regulation of secondary metabolism in M. oryzae, where secondary metabolism is poorly understood. It opens up avenues for more relevant investigations on the genetic regulation of several of the metabolites found in the analysis, which have not been previously characterized in M. oryzae.