bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Propelled Nanorobots for Facial Titanium Implants Biofilms Removal
Authors: Ussia Martina , Urso Mario , Kment Stepan , Fialova Tatiana , Klima Karel , Dolezelikova Kristyna , Pumera Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTitanium miniplates are biocompatible materials used in modern oral and maxillofacial surgery to treat facial bone fractures. However, plate removal is often required due to implant complications. Among them, a biofilm formation on an infected miniplate is associated with severe inflammation, which frequently results in implant failure. In light of this, new strategies to control or treat oral bacterial biofilm are of high interest. Herein, the authors exploit the ability of nanorobots against multispecies bacterial biofilm grown onto facial commercial titanium miniplate implants to simulate pathogenic conditions of the oral microenvironment. The strategy is based on the use of light‐driven self‐propelled tubular black‐TiO2/Ag nanorobots, that unlike traditional ones, exhibit an extended absorption and motion actuation from UV to the visible‐light range. The motion analysis is performed separately over UV, blue, and green light irradiation and shows different motion behaviors, including a fast rotational motion that decreases with increasing wavelengths. The biomass reduction is monitored by evaluating LIVE/DEAD fluorescent and digital microscope images of bacterial biofilm treated with the nanorobots under motion/no‐motion conditions. The current study and the obtained results can bring significant improvements for effective therapy of infected metallic miniplates by biofilm.
Impacts of quarrying activities on the environment and livelihood of people in Border II sub‐location, Nyando sub‐county, Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Opondo Erick Oluoch , Ajayi Dickson Dare , Makindi Stanley Maingi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the impacts of quarrying activities on the environment and livelihood of people in the Border II sub‐location. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussion, laboratory analysis and observations. Whereas, secondary data was obtained from Landsat satellite images, journals, articles, books and reports. The acquired data were analyzed using excel and Arc GIS; and presented into tables and figures. The Land use/cover change analysis from the satellite images of the area showed that quarry lands have increased by 5.2 Ha (0.26%). Quarrying activities in the area were perceived to have both positive and negative impacts on the livelihood of people and the environment. Some of the most serious environmental problems were; dust pollution (82%), noise (76%), land degradation (74%), vegetation loss (60%) and vibration (52%). Whereas, negative socioeconomic impacts were; building cracks (54%), injuries (36%), school dropouts (35%), roads damages (33%), child labor (31%) and crop effects (30%). Moreover, 45% of the area residents and 44% of the quarry workers have experienced health problems related to quarrying activities. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between quarrying activities and the environmental as well as human health problems in the area (p<0.05). The positive impacts identified are; employment, roads improvement, security, CSR, building materials, business opportunities, among others. To mitigate the negative impacts, the quarry operators should develop and implement an Environmental and Social management Plan, including fair compensation of the project which affect a person, relocation of near homes, environmental pollution control, public participation, scaling down blasting activities, and strict policies compliance and enforcement.
Mechanical and morphological properties of poly(vinyl chloride) and linear low‐density polyethylene polymer blends
Authors: Khakberdiev Elshod Olmosovich , Berdinazarov Qodirbek Nuridin ugli , Toshmamatov Doston Azamat ugli , Ashurov Nigmat Rustamovich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, nonpolar polyethylene with polar poly(vinyl chloride) is considered as a polymer–polymer mixture. Direct mixing of poly(vinyl chloride) and polyolefins leads to the formation of incompatible mixtures that have weak complex properties. To form this mixture, chlorinated polyethylene and a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride with polyethylene were used as compatibilizers. An extreme relationship of the elastic modulus on the composition of the blend at a PE content (5–20 wt.%) was revealed. The use of EBM model representations made it possible to identify the reasons for this relationship, namely, the cumulative contribution of structural changes in PVC and the enhancement of interfacial adhesion due to the presence of a compatibilizer at the phase boundary.
The rebound effect and the challenge of moving beyond fossil fuels: A review of empirical and theoretical research
Authors: York Richard , Adua Lazarus , Clark Brett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWilliam Stanley Jevons identified what has come to be known as the Jevons paradox: the observation that improvements in energy efficiency are often connected with rising, not falling, energy consumption. This insight informs the subsequent economic concept of the “rebound effect” and the expansive research investigating this relationship. We provide an overview of key empirical research, which establishes that large rebounds in energy consumption connected with rising energy efficiency are common across various units of analysis, including the national, subnational (e.g., states/provinces/cities; power plants), and household levels. We then focus on the range of theoretical arguments that have been put forward to explain why rebounds occur in varying contexts, with particular consideration of implications for efforts to move away from fossil fuels. We emphasize the important distinction between direct effects, indirect effects, and economy‐wide effects in regard to rebounds, particularly those connected with macro‐structural forces, for understanding the causes and implications of the Jevons paradox.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
Movement, spatial ecology, and habitat selection of translocated Gould's wild turkeys
Authors: Cohen Bradley S. , Oleson Brittany , Fyffe Nathan , Smallwood Alex , Bakner Nick , Nelson Stefan , Chamberlain Michael J. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTranslocations have aided restoration of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) across North America and are used to help establish sustainable, local populations even now. Because successful restocking relies on individuals remaining close to the release site to reduce movement‐based mortalities, a close examination of behaviors and factors affecting site selection can improve survival of translocated birds and enhance translocation success. Therefore, we assessed movements and habitat selection following translocation of 16 Gould's wild turkeys (M. g. mexicana) radiotagged with GPS‐VHF transmitters in Arizona. We assessed daily distance traveled, range size, distance from release site, and habitat selection from release to 120 days post‐release. Turkeys increased space use ~35 days post‐release. After 70 days post‐release, individuals shifted their behaviors to exploitation and individual maintenance, which was characterized by decreasing movements and space use. Turkeys had high release site fidelity and remained 1,352.2 ± 318.7 m (x̄ ± SE) from the release site 120 days post‐release. Distance between daily roost sites stabilized around day 50, and turkeys were within 89.8 ± 49.9 m (x̄ ± SE) of the previous night's roosting site by day 120. Gould's wild turkeys selected for riparian areas throughout the study period and selected for pine (Pinus spp.)‐juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodland for the first 60 days post‐release; thereafter pine‐juniper woodland was used in proportion to availability. Gould's wild turkeys used open‐herbaceous areas and pine–oak (Quercus spp.) woodland in proportion to availability. Our results indicate that Gould's wild turkeys take about 70 days to integrate into a new local environment following translocation, and riparian areas are a critical component of Gould's wild turkey habitat within the southwestern United States. Managers should ensure riparian areas are protected and restored before translocating Gould's wild turkeys to facilitate translocation success and persistence of Gould's wild turkey populations.
Fritz Haber’s Work and Thought as He Began Work on Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFritz Haber was born in Breslau (today Wrocław, Poland) in 1868. He grew up in a prominent Jewish family involved in the chemical and dye trade, and received his education at one of the city’s normalGymnasia. Near the end of his schooling, he became interested in mathematics and the physical sciences, and although chemistry was still only a small part of the curriculum, it was this subject that caught Haber’s attention, and he embarked on a path in higher education that “deviated strongly from the normal pattern”.
The seeds of EFT double copy
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Durieux Gauthier , Grojean Christophe , Machado Camila S. , Nepveu Jasper Roosmale 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explore the double copy of effective field theories (EFTs), in the recently proposed generalized color-kinematics and Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) approaches. In the former, we systematically construct scalar numerators satisfying the Jacobi identities from simpler numerator seeds with trace-like permutation properties. This construction has the advantage of being easily applicable to any multiplicity, which we exemplify up to 6-point. It employs the linear map between color factors formed by single traces of generators and by products of the structure constants, which also relates the generalized KLT and color-kinematics formalisms, allowing to produce KLT kernels at arbitrary order in the EFT expansion. At 4-point, we show that all EFT kernels are generated and that they only yield double-copy amplitudes which can also be obtained from the traditional KLT kernel. We perform initial checks suggesting that the same conclusions also hold at 5-point. We focus on single-trace massless scalar EFTs which however also control the higher-derivative corrections to gauge and gravity theories.
Integrality structures in topological strings and quantum 2-functions
Authors: Zhu Shengmao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, we first prove the integrality of an explicit disc counting formula obtained by Panfil and Sulkowski for a class of toric Calabi-Yau manifolds named generalized conifolds. Then, motivated by the integrality structures in open topological string theory, we introduce a mathematical notion of “quantum 2-function” which can be viewed as the quantization of the notion of “2-function” introduced by Schwarz, Vologod-sky and Walcher. Finally, we provide a basic example of quantum 2-function and discuss the quantization of 2-functions.
Aquaporin-4 prevents exaggerated astrocytosis and structural damage in retinal inflammation
Authors: Maisam Afzali Ali , Stüve Lasse , Pfaller Monika , Aly Lilian , Steiger Katja , Knier Benjamin , Korn Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the molecular target of the immune response in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) that leads to severe structural damage in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the retina. Conversely, AQP4 might be upregulated in astrocytes as a compensatory event in multiple sclerosis. Thus, the functional relevance of AQP4 in neuroinflammation needs to be defined. Here, we tested the role of AQP4 in the retina in MOG(35–55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, immunohistology, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis in wild-type and Aqp4–/– mice. No direct infiltrates of inflammatory cells were detected in the retina. Yet, early retinal expression of TNF and Iba1 suggested that the retina participated in the inflammatory response during EAE in a similar way in wild-type and Aqp4–/– mice. While wild-type mice rapidly cleared retinal swelling, Aqp4–/– animals exhibited a sustainedly increased retinal thickness associated with retinal hyperperfusion, albumin extravasation, and upregulation of GFAP as a hallmark of retinal scarring at later stages of EAE. Eventually, the loss of retinal ganglion cells was higher in Aqp4–/– mice than in wild-type mice. Therefore, AQP4 expression might be critical for retinal Müller cells to clear the interstitial space from excess vasogenic edema and prevent maladaptive scarring in the retina during remote inflammatory processes of the CNS.

Key messages

Genetic ablation of AQP4 leads to a functional derangement of the retinal gliovascular unit with retinal hyperperfusion during autoimmune CNS inflammation.

Genetic ablation of AQP4 results in a structural impairment of the blood retina barrier with extravasation of albumin during autoimmune CNS inflammation.

Eventually, the lack of AQP4 in the retina during an inflammatory event prompts the exaggerated upregulation of GFAP as a hallmark of scarring as well as loss of retinal ganglion cells.
Open system peridynamics
Authors: Schaller Emely , Javili Ali , Steinmann Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose, for the first time, a thermodynamically consistent formulation for open system (continuum-kinematics-inspired) peridynamics. In contrast to closed system mechanics, in open system mechanics mass can no longer be considered a conservative property. In this contribution, we enhance the balance of mass by a (nonlocal) mass source. To elaborate a thermodynamically consistent formulation, the balances of momentum, energy and entropy need to be reconsidered as they are influenced by the additional mass source. Due to the nonlocal continuum formulation, we distinguish between local and nonlocal balance equations. We obtain the dissipation inequality via a Legendre transformation and derive the structure and constraints of the constitutive expressions based on the Coleman–Noll procedure. For the sake of demonstration, we present an example for a nonlocal mass source that can model the complex process of bone remodelling in peridynamics. In addition, we provide a numerical example to highlight the influence of nonlocality on the material density evolution.
Accumulation and penetration behavior of hypericin in glioma tumor spheroids studied by fluorescence microscopy and confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Bassler Miriam C. , Rammler Tim , Wackenhut Frank , zur Oven-Krockhaus Sven , Secic Ivona , Ritz Rainer , Meixner Alfred J. , Brecht Marc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma WHO IV belongs to a group of brain tumors that are still incurable. A promising treatment approach applies photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin as a photosensitizer. To generate a comprehensive understanding of the photosensitizer-tumor interactions, the first part of our study is focused on investigating the distribution and penetration behavior of hypericin in glioma cell spheroids by fluorescence microscopy. In the second part, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to correlate fluorescence lifetime (FLT) changes of hypericin to environmental effects inside the spheroids. In this context, 3D tumor spheroids are an excellent model system since they consider 3D cell–cell interactions and the extracellular matrix is similar to tumors in vivo. Our analytical approach considers hypericin as probe molecule for FLIM and as photosensitizer for PDT at the same time, making it possible to directly draw conclusions of the state and location of the drug in a biological system. The knowledge of both state and location of hypericin makes a fundamental understanding of the impact of hypericin PDT in brain tumors possible. Following different incubation conditions, the hypericin distribution in peripheral and central cryosections of the spheroids were analyzed. Both fluorescence microscopy and FLIM revealed a hypericin gradient towards the spheroid core for short incubation periods or small concentrations. On the other hand, a homogeneous hypericin distribution is observed for long incubation times and high concentrations. Especially, the observed FLT change is crucial for the PDT efficiency, since the triplet yield, and hence the O2 activation, is directly proportional to the FLT. Based on the FLT increase inside spheroids, an incubation time > 30 min is required to achieve most suitable conditions for an effective PDT.
Graphical abstract
Reliability of reporting differences in degenerative MRI findings of the lumbar spine from the supine to the upright position
Authors: Doktor Klaus , Hartvigsen Jan , Hancock Mark , Christensen Henrik Wulff , Fredberg Ulrich , Boyle Eleanor , Kindt Morten , Brix Lau , Jensen Tue Secher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
To determine the inter-rater reliability of identifying differences and types of differences in lumbar degenerative findings comparing supine and upright MRI.

Materials and methods
Fifty-nine participants, low back pain patients (LBP) with or without leg pain and no-LBP individuals were consecutively enrolled to receive supine and upright MRI of the lumbar spine. Three raters independently evaluated the MRIs for degenerative spinal pathologies and compared for differences. Presence/absence of degenerative findings were recorded for all supine and upright images, and then differences from the supine to the upright positions were classified into no-change, appeared, disappeared, worsened, or improved at each individual disc level. Reliability and agreement were calculated using Gwet’s agreement coefficients (AC1 or AC2) and absolute agreement.

Results
Inter-rater reliability of evaluating differences in eight degenerative lumbar findings comparing the supine and upright MRI position, ranged from 0.929 to 0.996 according to Gwet’s agreement coefficients (AC2). The total number of positive MRI findings in the supine position ranged from 270 to 453, with an average of 366 per rater. Observed differences from supine to upright MRI ranged from 18 to 80, with an average of 56 per rater.

Conclusion
Inter-rater reliability was found overall acceptable for classification of differences in eight types of degenerative pathology observed with supine and upright MRI of the lumbar spine. Results were primarily driven by high numbers and high reliability of rating negative findings, whereas agreement regarding positive findings and positive positional differences was lower.
The intestinal and biliary microbiome in autoimmune liver disease—current evidence and concepts
Authors: Liwinski Timur , Heinemann Melina , Schramm Christoph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutoimmune liver diseases are a group of immune-mediated liver diseases with three distinct entities, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors leads to the breakdown of self-tolerance, resulting in hyper-responsiveness, and auto-aggressive immune activation. Emerging evidence links autoimmune liver diseases with alterations of the commensal microbiome configuration and aberrant immune system activation by microbial signals, mainly via the gut-liver axis. Thus, the microbiome is a new frontier to deepen the pathogenetic understanding, uncover biomarkers, and inspire innovative treatments. Herein, we review the current evidence on the role of the microbiome in autoimmune liver diseases from both clinical and basic research. We highlight recent achievements and also bottlenecks and limitations. Moreover, we give an outlook on future developments and potential for clinical applications.
Conservation of coral reef fishes: a field-hardy method to cryopreserve spermatogonial cells
Authors: Bouwmeester Jessica , Daly Jonathan , Henley E. Michael , Parenti Lynne R. , Pitassy Diane E. , Hagedorn Mary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biodiversity of marine fishes is threatened globally by climate change and other anthropogenic activities, particularly in coral reef ecosystems. We present a simple, field-hardy method to cryopreserve marine fish gonads, targeting spermatogonial cells (undifferentiated diploid germ cells) with the ultimate goal of permitting recovery of threatened species and populations via gonadal diploid germ cell transplantation technologies. The use of a simplified cryopreservation extender based on L-15 medium resulted in minimal decline in spermatogonial cell viability post-thaw. Moreover, we compared post-cryopreservation viability of sperm and spermatogonial cells from gonads cryopreserved with freshly prepared cryoprotectant and with cryoprotectant prepared in advance and stored at −20 °C. We found no significant difference, suggesting that these solutions may be prepared in advance and frozen, ready for later use. We urge conservation, academic, and regulatory agencies to cryobank fish gonads as part of their sample collection processes to support the biodiversity and security of valuable marine fish resources, alongside other restoration efforts.
Different exercise training modalities similarly improve heart rate variability in sedentary middle-aged adults: the FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial
Authors: Navarro-Lomas Ginés , Dote-Montero Manuel , Alcantara Juan M. A. , Plaza-Florido Abel , Castillo Manuel J. , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of different exercise training modalities on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary middle-aged adults; and to study whether changes in health-related outcomes (i.e., body composition and cardiometabolic risk) are associated with those hypothetical HRV changes in sedentary middle-aged adults.

Methods
A total of 66 middle-aged adults (53.6 ± 4.4 years old; 50% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (a) a control group (no exercise); (b) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR); (c) a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT); and (d) a high-intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS).

Results
All exercise training modalities induced changes in HRV parameters (all P ≤ 0.001) without statistical differences between them (all P > 0.05). We found associations between changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk and exercise-related changes in HRV.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that different exercise interventions (i.e., PAR, HIIT and HIIT + EMS) induced an enhancement of HRV in sedentary middle-aged adults. Our findings support the notion that exercise-related changes in HRV are associated with changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk after the intervention program

Clinical trial registry
NCT03334357 (ClinicalTrials.gov). November 7, 2017 retrospectively registered.