bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Changing Strategic Scenario of the Indian Ocean - General Overview with special reference to India and China
Authors: Singh Shivangi 
Published: August 2022

The rise of China as a powerful nation is an important event of the 21st century, which has given a new momentum and direction to the balance of power of the world by changing all the earlier paradigms of not only Asia but also the global power-structure. In order to achieve the status of the world's best power, while China has made every effort to encircle its Asian competitor India, on the one hand, in the current context of globalization and economic liberalization, maritime transmission has been done to fulfill its economic and trade interests. In every effort to control the routes, prompt steps have been taken. China has laid special emphasis on its strategic-economic relations with regional nations to control all the important meeting points of the Indian Ocean, the Strait of Malacca, the Persian Gulf, Web-el-Mendeb and the Suez Canal.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
चीन का एक शक्तिशाली राष्ट्र के रुप में उदय 21वीं शताब्दी की महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना है, जिसने न केवल एशिया, अपितु वैश्विक शक्ति-संरचना के समस्त पूर्व प्रतिमानों को परिवर्तित करके विश्व के शक्ति सन्तुलन को एक नई गति व दिशा प्रदान की है। विश्व की सर्वश्रेष्ठ शक्ति का दर्जा प्राप्त करने के लिए व्यग्र चीन ने जहां एक ओर अपने एशियाई प्रतिस्पर्धी भारत की सामरिक घेरेबन्दी का हर सम्भव प्रयास किया है, वहीं वैश्वीकरण और आर्थिक उदारीकरण के वर्तमान परिप्रेक्ष्य में अपने आर्थिक एवं व्यापारिक हितों की पूर्ति के लिए सामुद्रिक संचरण मार्गों पर नियन्त्रण की हर सम्भव कोशिश में त्वरित कदम उठाए हैं। चीन ने हिन्द महासागर के सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण मिलन स्थलों मलक्का जलडमरुमध्य, फारस की खाड़ी, वेब-एल-मेन्डेब व स्वेज नहर पर नियन्त्रण के लिए क्षेत्रीय राष्ट्रों के साथ अपने सामरिक-आर्थिक सम्बन्धों पर विशेष बल दिया है।
Keywords: हिन्द महासागर,सामरिक, वैश्वीकरण ,सामुद्रिक शक्ति।
In plane magnetic ﬁeld and intense laser ﬁeld effects on second harmonic generation of asymmetric AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum well
Authors: Pérez Gonzalez Jimena , Rojas Briseño José Guadalupe , Nava Maldonado Flavio Manuel , Del Rio De Santiago Antonio , Ungan Fatih , Dakhlaoui Hassen , Martinez-Orozco J.C. 
Published: August 2022

The optical properties for nano-structured semiconductor systems are of great importance nowadays, due to its possible implementation for the design of efficient optoelectronic devices. It is also well known that external fields can modify the electronic structure, and induce changes the optical properties as well. In particular the asymmetric double quantum well structures are of paramount importance because its wide range on possible configurations and also because are experimentally feasible and well controlled, particularly AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures. In this work we report a systematic study on second harmonic generation (SHG) for an asymmetric AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs double quantum well as a function of non-resonant intense laser field and in-plane magnetic field effect. We analyze the energy level behavior as well as the dipole matrix elements as a function of the above mentioned factors that are important for the SHG. We report a particular configuration that optimize the SHG peak, with and without intense laser field effect, as well as magnetic fields, that also tune the SHG.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA AGRÍCOLA EM RELAÇÃO AOS INSUMOS ÁGUA E NITROGÊNIO
Authors: Sanchez Delgado Angel Ramon , Drumond Ventura Sergio 
Published: August 2022

Em um planejamento agrícola é importante saber se existem insumos suficientes para alcançar certos níveis de produtividade de um conjunto de culturas, considerando que os insumos e seus custos são limitados. Nesse trabalho apresenta-se uma modelagem matemática e um procedimento computacional que determina se existe ou não um vetor de insumos limitados: lâmina de água e dose de nitrogênio, que permita alcançar determinados níveis de produção pré-fixados, sem exceder determinado capital de gastos disponíveis em insumos. Iterativamente o procedimento implementado utiliza como pontos testes o chamado “centro analítico” de uma região fechada e limitada. O procedimento foi testado para as culturas agrícolas: Alface, Aveia, Meloeiro e Cebola, com dados conhecidos na literatura em relação às exigências impostas à produção e custos dos insumos lâmina de água e dose de nitrogênio.
Palavras-chave: confiabilidade econômica; função Cobb-Douglas; centro analítico.

Agricultural economic feasibility in relation to inputs water and nitrogen

ABSTRACT: In an agricultural planning it is important to know if there are enough inputs to reach certain levels of productivity of a set of cultures, considering that the inputs and their costs are limited. This work presents a mathematical modeling and a computational procedure that determines whether there is a vector of limited inputs: water depth and nitrogen dose, which allows reaching certain pre-set production levels, without exceeding certain available expenditure capital. in inputs. Iteratively, the implemented procedure uses the so-called “analytical center” of a closed and limited region as test points. The procedure was tested for the following crops: Lettuce, Oats, Melon and Onion, with data known in the literature in relation to the requirements imposed on production and costs of inputs, water depth and nitrogen dose.
Keywords: economic reliability; Cobb-Douglas function; analytical center.
RAINFALL EROSIVITY IN MUNICIPALITIES OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO BIOME
Authors: Castagna Daniela , Pacheco de Souza Adilson , Gonçalves Vendrusculo Laurimar , Zolin Cornélio Alberto 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to estimate the rainfall erosivity in 101 municipalities in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. First, a filling of missing data was carried out for 81 rain gauge stations, with a 20-year historical series, in the states of Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG), and Goiás (GO). The corrected data were subjected to 16 regionally calibrated equations, which enabled the determination of the rainfall erosivity. The results indicated that municipalities in northeastern MS present the highest monthly erosivity indexes (El30m), reaching 2,796.5 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1 in January, whereas the lowest index for this same month was 733.0 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 in the eastern MT. The rainfall annual erosivity, or R factor, varied between 3,713.1 and 12,345.6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, with the lowest values for municipalities in eastern MT and the highest values for those in northeastern MS. Although the municipalities studied are within the same biome, the spatial distribution makes them present regional effects due to different climatic factors, resulting in different rainfall volumes and intensities, which is reflected in the results of the monthly erosivity index and R factor.
Keywords: rainfall stations; R fator; fill missing data; precipitation.

Erosividade da chuva em municípios do Cerrado brasileiro

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar a erosividade da chuva em 101 municípios localizados no bioma Cerrado. Para tanto, inicialmente foi realizado o preenchimento de falhas para 81 estações pluviométricas, com série histórica de 20 anos, localizadas nos estados de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás, posteriormente com os dados consistidos, foram aplicadas 16 equações calibradas regionalmente, permitindo determinada a erosividade da chuva. Os resultados apontaram que os municípios localizados na região Nordeste de MS, apresentam os maiores índices El30m, chegando a 2.796,5 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1 no mês de janeiro, enquanto para o mesmo mês, o menor índice foi de 733,0 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 no Leste de MT. A erosividade da chuva anual ou fator R variou entre 3.713,1 a 12.345,6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1, com os menores valores para os municípios da região Leste de MT e o maiores para a região Nordeste de MS. Apesar dos municípios estudados estarem localizados dentro do mesmo bioma, a distribuição espacial lhes confere influências regionais de fatores climáticos diferentes, ocasionando volumes e intensidades pluviométricas distintas, o que reflete no resultado no índice de erosividade mensal e no fator R.
Palavras-chave: estações pluviométricas; fator R; preenchimento de falhas; precipitação.
Fulfilling the specialist neurosurgical workforce needs in Africa: a systematic review and projection toward 2030
Authors: Ukachukwu Alvan-Emeka K. , Still Megan E. H. , Seas Andreas , von Isenburg Megan , Fieggen Graham , Malomo Adefolarin O. , Shokunbi Matthew T. , Egger Joseph R. , Haglund Michael M. , Fuller Anthony T. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Africa contributes significantly to the global neurosurgical disease burden but has only 1% of the neurosurgery workforce. This study appraises the neurosurgical workforce and training capacity in Africa and projects the workforce capacity by 2030.

METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic review of the online literature on neurosurgical workforce and training in Africa obtained from three journal databases (PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus), as well as from a gray literature search, between September and December 2020. Included literature passed a two-level screening conducted using a systematic review software by a team of two independent reviewers. Data were extracted from selected articles and documented and analyzed on spreadsheets.

RESULTS
One hundred and fifty-nine eligible articles were analyzed: 1974 neurosurgeons serve 1.3 billion people in Africa (density 0.15 per 100,000 persons, ratio 1:678,740), with uneven distribution between the regions. North Africa has 64.39% of the neurosurgical workforce (n = 1271), followed by Southern Africa (12.66%, n = 250), West Africa (11.60%, n = 229), East Africa (8.26%, n = 163), and Central Africa (3.09%, n = 61). At an exponential growth rate of 7.03% (95% CI 5.83%–8.23%) per annum, Africa will have 3418 (95% CI 1811–6080) neurosurgeons by 2030, with a deficit of 5191 neurosurgeons, based on population workforce targets. In terms of training, there are 106 neurosurgery training institutions in 26 African countries. North Africa has 52 training centers (49.05%), West Africa 23 (21.70%), East Africa 15 (14.15%), Southern Africa 14 (13.21%), and Central Africa 2 (1.89%). The major regional training programs are those of the West African College of Surgeons (24 sites in 7 countries) and the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (17 sites in 8 countries).

CONCLUSIONS
The study is limited as it is based on the online literature, some of which includes modeled estimates with questionable reliability. However, the results indicate that while countries in North Africa are expected to surpass their population workforce requirements, sub-Saharan African countries are likely to have significant workforce deficits accentuated by the paucity of neurosurgery training programs. To meet the 2030 population workforce requirements, the continent’s exponential growth rate should be scaled up to 15.87% per annum. Scaling up neurosurgical training would help to meet this target and requires collaborative efforts from continental, regional, and national agencies and international organizations.
Novel application of the Rotterdam CT score in the prediction of intracranial hypertension following severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kashkoush Ahmed Ismail , Potter Tamia , Petitt Jordan C. , Hu Song , Hunter Kyle , Kelly Michael L. 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with intracranial hypertension (ICHTN). The Rotterdam CT score (RS) can predict clinical outcomes following TBI, but the relationship between the RS and ICHTN is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and radiological factors that predict ICHTN in patients with severe TBI.

METHODS
The authors performed a single-center retrospective review of patients who, between 2018 and 2021, had an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor placed following TBI. Radiological and clinical characteristics related to the TBI and ICP monitoring were collected. The main outcome of interest was ICHTN, which was a dichotomous outcome (yes or no) defined on a per-patient basis as an ICP > 22 mm Hg that persisted for at least 5 minutes and required an escalation of treatment. ICHTN included both elevated opening pressure on initial monitor placement and ICP elevations later during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with ICHTN. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

RESULTS
Seventy patients with severe TBI and an ICP monitor were included in this study. There was a predominance of male patients (94.0%), and the mean patient age was 40 years old. Most patients (67%) had an intraparenchymal catheter placed, whereas 33% of patients had a ventriculostomy catheter placed. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the RS was an independent predictor of ICHTN (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5, p = 0.014). No instances of ICHTN were observed in patients with an RS of 2 or less and no sulcal effacement. The AUROC of the RS and sulcal effacement was higher than the AUROC of the RS alone for predicting ICHTN (0.76 vs 0.71, p = 0.003, z-test).

CONCLUSIONS
The RS was predictive of ICHTN in patients with severe TBI, and the diagnostic accuracy of the model was improved with the inclusion of sulcal effacement at the vertex on CT of the head. Patients with a low RS and no sulcal effacement are likely at low risk for the development of ICHTN.
Use of thyroid transcription factor 1 and napsin A to predict local failure and survival after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Roh Haewon , Lee Sung Yong , Lee Jinhwan , Hwang Soon-Young , Kim Jong Hyun 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), combined with contemporary targeted therapies and immunotherapies, has improved the overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Given that histological subtypes reflect prognosis in patients with primary ADC, it is important to integrate pathological biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes after SRS in patients with brain metastases from lung ADC. Therefore, the authors investigated the prognostic relevance of various biomarkers of primary lung ADC for clinical outcomes after SRS.

METHODS
A total of 95 patients with 136 brain metastases (1–4 oligometastases) who were treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. The Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify prognostic factors for local control, survival, and distant brain control.

RESULTS
Multivariate analysis revealed thyroid transcription factor 1 as an independent prognostic factor for local control (HR 0.098, 95% CI 0.014–0.698, p = 0.0203) and napsin A as a significant predictor of overall survival after SRS (HR 0.080, 95% CI 0.017–0.386, p < 0.01). In a subset analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, patients with EGFR exon 19 mutations showed better distant brain control than those with EGFR exon 21 mutations (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Pathological biomarkers of primary cancer should be considered to predict clinical outcomes after SRS in patients with lung ADC. Use of such biomarkers may help to provide personalized treatment to each patient, improving clinical outcomes after SRS.
Ekstrak Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria sp.) Efektif dalam Mereduksi Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)-Benzena Dalam Ruang
Authors: Kahar Kahar , Karmini Mimin , Kamaludin Ade 
Published: August 2022

Kualitas lingkungan dalam ruangan telah menjadi pertimbangan dalam kesehatan, karena penduduk kota menghabiskan 80-90% waktu mereka di dalam ruangan, dimana polusi udara bisa beberapa kali lebih tinggi daripada di luar ruangan. Tanaman pot dalam ruangan dapat menghilangkan kontaminan yang ditularkan melalui udara seperti senyawa organik menguap (VOC), lebih dari 300 diantaranya telah diidentifikasi di udara dalam ruangan.1 Tanaman lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata) mempunyai banyak kelebihan, seperti mampu bertahan hidup pada rentang waktu suhu dan cahaya yang sangat luas, dan resisten terhadap polutan. Tanaman ini dapat mereduksi sekitar 107 jenis polutan yang berbahaya di udara, hal ini disebabkan bahan aktif preganane glikosid yang terkandung dalam tanaman Sansevieria sp. yang berfungsi untuk mereduksi polutan menjadi senyawa asam organik, gula dan asam amino, sehingga kandungan dalam polutan tersebut menjadi aman dan tidak membahayakan kesehatan manusia . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak lidah mertua dalam mereduksi Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) dalam ruangan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah true experimental design dengan menggunakan desain pre and post-test without control design. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penurunan kadar benzena dengan menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak sansevieria dengan rata-rata persentase penurunan, yaitu : Konsentrasi 10 ppm; 98,24%, 20 ppm; 98,47%; 30 ppm; 98,73%. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney U Test adalah 0,000 < 0,05, maka terdapat hubungan yang bermakna perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak Sansevieria sp. terhadap pernurunan kadar benzena. Kadar ekstrak Sansevieria yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar benzena di udara adalah 30 ppm dengan persentase rata-rata penurunan adalah sebesar 98,73%.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Mengemudi Aman dan Masa Kerja dengan Perilaku Mengemudi Aman pada Sopir Bus PO. X Kutoarjo
Authors: Panuntun Muhammad Bagus , Bolet Atmojo Tutug , Hastuti Heni 
Published: August 2022

Terjadi kenaikan kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas 5,13% dari tahun 2015 (96.233 kasus) ke 2016 (106.644 kasus)(BPS, 2019). Kecelakaan lalu lintas tersebut dapat dicegah dengan pengetahuan mengemudi aman yang tinggi dan masa kerja lama yang dimiliki oleh sopir bus. Sopir tersebut dapat lebih terampil dan mengetahui risiko dari pekerjaanya sehingga lebih berhati-hati dan menerapkan perilaku mengemudi aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Responden merupakan sopir bus PO. X Kutoarjo sejumlah 93 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mengemudi aman, masa kerja, dan perilaku mengemudi aman. Kemudian dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji Somers’d dan uji regresi ordinal berganda. Hasil uji somers’d diketahui terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan mengemudi aman dengan perilaku mengemudi aman (p= 0,000; r=0,683), dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman (p= 0,000; r=0,606). Hasil uji regresi ordinal berganda menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja sama-sama berpengaruh terhadap perilaku mengemudi aman, dan diketahui pengetahuan mengemudi aman memiliki kekuatan pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan masa kerja terhadap perilaku mengemudi aman (p=0,000 ; OR=7,677 ; p=0,001 ; OR=6,060), artinya terdapat hubungan pengetahuan mengemudi aman dan masa kerja dengan perilaku mengemudi aman. Pengetahuan merupakan faktor pendahulu dalam perilaku seseorang. Pengemudi yang memiliki pengetahuan mengemudi aman yang baik akan memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi mengenai pentingnya mengemudikan kendaraan dengan aman. Masa kerja berhubungan dengan perilaku mengemudi aman, semakin lama masa kerja pengemudi maka semakin baik perilaku mengemudi aman yang dimiliki.
Uji Beda Jenis Umpan Dalam Penggunaan Fly Trap Warna Kuning
Authors: Rahman Dimas Hanif Abdi , Fadlirahman Alby , Sanjaya Chindy , Meitha Sofiani Devi , Silviana Emilda , Margareth Michelle , Wahdini Nur , Putri Nurislam Ramadhani , Bagus Santoso Syarif , Daramusseng Andi 
Published: August 2022

Lalat merupakan serangga pengganggu utama serta vektor mekanis yang pada tubuhnya dapat membawa berbagai penyakit seperti diare, myiasis, kecacingan dan anthrax. Umumnya lalat memiliki ketertarikan terhadap warna yang lebih cerah dan pekat serta lalat menyukai sesuatu yang memiliki bau menyengat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan fly trap berwarna kuning dan menggunakan berbagai umpan dengan bau menyengat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas jenis umpan dalam penggunaan fly trap warna kuning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan quasi eksperimen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di peternakan ayam yang berada di Jalan Penangkaran Buaya, Kelurahan Makroman, Kecamatan Sambutan, Kota Samarinda. Penelitian di lapangan berlangsung selama 4 hari mulai pukul 08.00 – 12.00 WITA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan efektivitas jenis umpan dalam penggunaan fly trap warna kuning di kandang ayam yang berlokasi di Jalan Penangkaran Buaya, Kelurahan Makroman. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara umpan udang - kontrol (0,04 < 0,05), antara umpan cumi - jeroan sapi (0,016 < 0,05), antara umpan jeroan sapi - kontrol 0,001 dan antara insang ikan - kontrol 0,02 < 0,05. Yang paling efektif menarik lalat adalah umpan jeroan sapi dengan rata-rata 47 lalat per hari. Pengendalian lalat dengan menggunakan berbagai umpan pada fly trap cukup mudah, murah dan tentunya bisa diaplikasikan oleh masyarakat. Pengendalian harus dilakukan terutama untuk daerah permukiman yang letaknya tidak jauh dari lokasi tempat perkembangbiakan lalat.
Покази для ерготерапії як частини мультидисциплінарної терапії годування дітей з церебральним паралічем
Authors: Мангушева Ольга , Лазарєва Олена 
Published: August 2022

Резюме. Переважна більшість дітей з церебральним паралічем (ЦП) мають труднощі з харчуванням як базовою активністю повсякденного життя. Визначення показів для ерготерапії з метою вирішення труднощів з харчуванням та годуванням дітей з ЦП сприятимуть наданню якісних та своєчасних реабілітаційних послуг. Мета. На основі аналізу сучасних наукових досліджень і клінічних рекомендацій виявити та систематизувати покази для ерготерапії як частини мультидисциплінарної терапії годування дітей з ЦП. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури, синтез та узагальнення. Результати. У ході аналізу міжнародних рекомендацій до комплексної реабілітаційної допомоги дітям з труднощами у харчуванні на основі Міжнародної класифікації функціонування, обмеження життєдіяльності та здоров’я (МКФ), а також міжнародних публікацій про сферу професійних компетентностей та ефективність втручань ерготерапевтів для дітей з ЦП було визначено чіткі покази для ерготерапії як частини мультидисциплінарної команди терапії годування. Покази для ерготерапії охоплюють труднощі процесу споживання їжі та рідин дітьми з ЦП і групуються за такими категоріями: порушення безпеки, ефективності, самостійності та активної участі, а також контекстуальні обмеження. Показами для ерготерапії також можуть бути труднощі батьків або доглядальників у процесі годування дітей з ЦП.
Ключові слова: ерготерапія, терапія годування, покази, діти з церебральним паралічем.