bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for quantifying inactive lithium in anode-free lithium batteries by mass spectrometry titration
Authors: Tao Mingming , Xiang Yuxuan , Zhao Danhui , Shan Peizhao , Yang Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantifying inactive lithium during cycling is essential for understanding the failure mechanisms of lithium-metal batteries. Although many quantitative studies of lithium-metal failure have been reported, insufficient attention has focused on the reproducibility of the data or the reliability of the analysis. Here, we propose a complete mass spectrometry titration protocol and show how to accurately quantify inactive lithium, showing that quantitative results with high repeatability can be achieved. We believe that this protocol can be extended to other alkali-metal battery systems, facilitating more reliable and accurate battery research.
A quantum radio frequency signal analyzer based on nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Magaletti Simone , Mayer Ludovic , Roch Jean-François , Debuisschert Thierry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of radio-frequency (RF) technologies requires tools which can efficiently monitor the electromagnetic landscape. Broadband real-time RF spectral analyzers need to operate at room temperature, with low power consumption and have a compact design for on-board device integration. Here we describe a Quantum Diamond Signal Analyzer (Q-DiSA) which detects RF signals over a tunable frequency range of 25 GHz with frequency resolution down to 1 MHz, a millisecond temporal resolution and a large dynamic range (40 dB). This approach exploits the room temperature spin properties of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Performance is enabled via our analyzer architecture which combines a specific diamond crystallographic cut with a simplified magnetic arrangement. This allows us to maintain the alignment of the magnetic field along the nitrogen-vacancy center axis whilst frequency tuning. These results demonstrate the potential of the Q-DiSA method for real-time broadband spectral analysis.
Integer programming‐based non‐uniform window decoding schedules for spatially coupled low‐density parity‐check codes
Authors: Khittiwitchayakul Sirawit , Phakphisut Watid , Supnithi Pornchai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpatially coupled low‐density parity‐check (SC‐LDPC) codes generally use a window decoding scheme, which is known to yield a near‐optimal decoding, compared to full block decoding. Recently, a non‐uniform schedule has been proposed to eliminate unnecessary updates of variable nodes within a window: this schedule is generated based on the behaviour of variable node updates analysed by density evolution. Here, the authors present a new non‐uniform schedule based on integer programming, whereby the objective functions and constraints are derived from a protograph‐based extrinsic information transfer chart. Our design is more flexible than the previous design, because the integer programming‐based design allows reduction of update numbers and performance losses through the constraints function, whereas the previous design requires observation of variable node update behaviour. The authors report the performance of their designs of non‐uniform schedules in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and inter‐symbol interference (ISI) channels. Particularly, in the ISI channel, the authors’ non‐uniform schedules are designed with cooperative decoding between a Bahl‐Cocke‐Jelinek‐Raviv (BCJR) detector and an SC‐LDPC decoder.
Automatic esophagus Z‐line delineation in endoscopic images using a new boundary linking method
Authors: Aghanouri Mehrnaz , Dadashi Serej Nasim , Rabbani Hossein , Adibi Peyman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the American cancer society, many people with esophageal adenocarcinoma are not survived. The treatment rate can be significant in the early detection of Barrett's esophagus (BE) as a premalignant stage for adenocarcinoma. An important landmark to detect BE is the Z‐line. BE segmentation is already highly dependent upon the operator's knowledge and skill. The main aim of this study is automatic Z‐line extraction using endoscopic images leading to segmentation of the early BE stage. To this end, a computer‐aided detection method exploiting k‐means clustering, image segmentation using the edge detector, and a novel boundary linking algorithm is proposed. For the evaluation, the gold standard is considered the average contours of Z‐lines extracted by the three experts. The proposed method annotated the Z‐line with the accuracy and precision of 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, and the value of the average boundary distance is 5.9 pixels. To the results and visual inspection, the presented method can be used for efficient and robust extraction of the Z‐line at the early BE stage. Furthermore, it can be used in other medical imaging applications with complex boundaries and low contrast in the images, limiting the common automatic boundary detection methods.
Impacts of advanced driver assistance systems on commercial truck driver behaviour performance using naturalistic data
Authors: Wu Chuna , Cao Jing , Du Yuchuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraffic crashes tend to be more serious when commercial trucks are involved. And an increasing number of commercial vehicles are equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for traffic safety improvement. To this end, this study investigated the impacts of ADAS with respect to forward collision warning (FCW), urban forward collision warning (UFCW), lane departure warning (LDW), headway monitoring and warning (HMW), and speed limit indicator (SLI) on commercial truck drivers' behaviours using naturalistic data. Participants experienced two different test scenarios with two different ADAS warning configurations: Visual and audio alerts in the inactive state and in the active state. After activating alerts, 62%, 35%, 69%, 81% and 73% of drivers received less warnings in terms of FCW, UFCW, LDW, HMW and SLI respectively; the average of FCW, UFCW, LDW, HMW and SLI respectively declined 22%, 13%, 28%, 45% and 15%, but median changed little except for LDW and HMW. Then, the further analysis results by the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method revealed that all warnings except UFCW had positive effect on commercial truck drivers' behaviour performance. The findings provide important references for commercial truck driver training and supervision in the age of advanced technology.
Short‐term traffic flow prediction approach incorporating vehicle functions from RFID‐ELP data for urban road sections
Authors: Huang Shuai , Sun Dihua , Zhao Min , Chen Jin , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShort‐term traffic flow prediction is particularly important for urban traffic control and congestion management. To improve the accuracy of traffic flow prediction, a new traffic flow prediction approach is proposed from the perspective of vehicle functions by using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) electronic license plate (ELP) data. First, the improved Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) is introduced by adding three momentum terms to avoid local minimum and overfitting. The Long Short‐Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) is constructed to train the time series with long time lags. Second, a novel short‐term traffic flow prediction method is developed by combining the improved WNN and LSTM in an urban road section. The proposed method performs a weighted combination to obtain a new prediction value according to whether the difference between the prediction values of the two methods satisfy the defined threshold, and then selects the one with the smallest error among the three prediction values as the final prediction result. Third, the experiments explore the prediction performance of the weekdays and weekends with 5 min‐interval, 15 min‐interval and 30 min‐interval via using RFID‐ELP data from Chongqing, China. Compared with existing prediction methods, the proposed approach can promote prediction performance and meet real‐time requirements.
Electromagnetic characterisation of conductive 3D‐Printable filaments for designing fully 3D‐Printed antennas
Authors: Colella Riccardo , Chietera Francesco Paolo , Michel Andrea , Muntoni Giacomo , Casula GiovanniAndrea , Montisci Giorgio , Catarinucci Luca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) 3D‐printing technology is increasingly bringing benefits even in electromagnetics, with interesting prospects of application. Apart from the use of additive manufacturing for realising dielectric components of suitably shaped antennas, the ambitious target is, undoubtedly, the fully 3D realisation of radiofrequency and microwave circuits as well as radiating structures, including, therefore, conductive parts. In this regard, 3D‐printable filaments with interesting conductive properties are being produced. However, their rigorous conductivity characterisation is still missing, making it difficult to estimate the real behaviour of the final 3D printed electromagnetic device. To fill this gap, the conductivity of one of the most interesting conductive filaments, named Electrifi, is first experimentally evaluated in a frequency range as large as 0.72–6 GHz, accounting also for its roughness. Then it has been validated by designing, realising, and testing three fully 3D‐printed antennas. Specifically, two bow‐tie antennas, operating at 2.8 and 4 GHz, respectively, and an ultrawideband antenna, borrowed from the existing literature, operating between 1 and 7 GHz. The good agreement between simulated and measured results demonstrates the reliability of the performed electrical conductivity characterisation, even in the design of efficient radiating structures entirely realised with thermoplastic materials with copper nanoparticle additives.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Poa bulbosa extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Allafchian Alireza , Jalali Seyed Amir Hossein , Mirahmadi Zare Seyede Zohreh , Amiri Razieh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant tissues are regarded as rich sources of phytochemicals that can be used in the fabrication of nanometals. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are fabricated using an aqueous Poa bulbosa extract as an efficient reducing agent. The plasmon resonance peaks of the AgNPs recorded by UV–visible spectra during 25 min of the extract exposure to silver ions indicate a blue shift with the chemical reduction process. The FT‐IR spectrum of the Poa bulbosa extract shows the presence of chemical bonds of biomolecules that are involved in the reduction of Ag+ ions to AgNPs. The crystallite and particle sizes of AgNPs are estimated as 45.04 ± 13.6, 56.98 ± 13.08 and 43.14 ± 16.06 nm by XRD, SEM and TEM, respectively. DLS measurements showed a mean particle size of 119.26 ± 26.2 nm and zeta potential of −69.53 mV for the AgNPs indicating a proper colloidal stability. The most pronounced inhibition zone of antibacterial activity is found to be against Salmonella typhimurium, which is mainly attributed to the cell wall structure of the Gram‐negative strains. This is also demonstrated in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.6 μg/mL in case of S. typhimurium.
Investigation of low‐cost dual port co‐rotating dual rotor field excited flux switching generator for low‐power rooftop wind turbine integrated with multi‐port DC micro grid
Authors: Ullah Wasiq , Khan Faisal , Hussain Shahid , Alturise Fahad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel low‐cost dual port dual rotor‐field excited flux switching generator (DPDR‐FEFSG) is proposed for low power rooftop wind turbine integrated with DC‐micro‐grids. The proposed DPDR‐FEFSG incorporated inner/outer machine to design a dual rotor structure with dual output port. Due to the existence of field excitation in DPDR‐FEFSG, overall machine cost is reduced and offered excellent flux regulation capabilities. Furthermore, single tooth non‐overlapped armature winding and toroidally wounded field winding significantly shorten end winding that reduces copper losses. Additionally, compared with the existing single‐bus DC‐micro grids system, the proposed DPDR‐FEFSG exhibits two‐port output which makes it feasible for low‐voltage (12–24 V) and high‐voltage (48 V) applications connected to the DC micro‐grids without the requirements of extra power electronics circuitry. The proposed DPDR‐FEFSG is investigated under variable field excitation and variable rotor speed. In order to achieve the desired voltage level at low and high port without frequency variation, AC–DC rectification is employed. Analysis reveals that proposed DPDR‐FEFSG offers dual output port from inner and outer machines. This dual port makes it feasible for wind turbine integrated to multi‐port DC micro‐grids. Due to availability of different voltages at various ports, different load classes are incorporated without the requirements of extra power electronics circuitry and thus reduce overall cost. Finally, a prototype is built and tested to confirm the validity of the proposed concept and finite element analysis (FEA) results.
Eclipse of the V773 Tau B circumbinary disc
Authors: Kenworthy M. A. , González Picos D. , Elizondo E. , Martin R. G. , van Dam D. M. , Rodriguez J. E. , Kennedy G. M. , Ginski C. , Mugrauer M. , Vogt N. , Adam C. , Oelkers R. J. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Young multiple stellar systems can host both circumstellar and circumbinary discs composed of gas and dust, and the orientations of circumbinary discs can be sculpted by the orientation and eccentricity of the central binaries. Studying multiple binary systems and their associated discs enables our understanding of the size and distribution of the planetary systems that subsequently form around them.
Aims. A deep (~70%) and extended (~150 days) eclipse was seen towards the young multiple stellar system V773 Tau in 2010. We interpret it as being due to the passage of a circumbinary disc around the B components moving in front of the A components. Our aim is to characterise the orientation and structure of the disc, to refine the orbits of the sub-components, and to predict when the next eclipse will occur.
Methods. We combined the photometry from several ground-based surveys, constructed a model for the light curve of the eclipse, and used high angular resolution imaging to refine the orbits of the three spatially resolved components of the system: A, B, and C. A frequency analysis of the light curves, including from the TESS satellite, enabled the characterisation of the rotational periods of the Aa and Ab stars.
Results. A toy model of the circumbinary disc shows that it extends out to approximately 5 au around the B binary and has an inclination of 73° with respect to the orbital plane of AB, where the lower bound of the radius of the disc is constrained by the geometry of the AB orbit and the upper bound is set by the stability of the disc. We identify several frequencies in the photometric data that we attribute to rotational modulation of the Aa and Ab stellar companions. We produced the first determination of the orbit of the more distant C component around the AB system and limited its inclination to 93°.
Conclusions. The high inclination and large diameter of the disc, together with the expected inclination of the disc from theory, suggest that B is an almost equal-mass, moderately eccentric binary. We identify the rotational periods of the Aa and Ab stars and a third frequency in the light curve that we attribute to the orbital period of the stars in the B binary. We predict that the next eclipse will occur around 2037, during which both detailed photometric and spectroscopic monitoring will characterise the disc in greater detail.
Study of injection-locked stabilized, short cavity Brillouin ring laser source design for fiber sensing applications
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Bastianini Filippo , Bolognini Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

A new pump-seeded, short-cavity Brillouin ring laser source layout intended for Brillouin sensing applications is showcased, showing increased high maximum output (1.5 mW), a strong linewidth narrowing effect (producing light with a linewidth of 10 kHz) and limited relative intensity noise (RIN ~ −145 dB/Hz), providing an ultranarrow, highly stable BRL source that can also be employed as a pump-probe source for Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) applications.
Short-term effects of combined freeze–thaw and saline–alkali stresses on the physiological response in highland barley (
Authors: Bao Lan , Bao Guozhang , Zhang Xin , Qu Yan , Guo Jiancai , Pan XinYu 
Published: July 2022

Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), as the dominant crop on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is a typical representative of plants adapted to extreme environmental conditions. However, the harsh environment, severe salinisation and frequent freezing and thawing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are main limiting factor for crop growth in this region. The physiological response of highland barley to salinisation and freeze–thaw stresses was studied in this paper. Under the combined stresses of 60 mmol/L NaCl·60 mmol/L NaHCO3 and freeze–thaw cycles (10, −5, and 10°C), the changes in the relative moisture content, relative electrical conductivity, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and photosynthetic indices Pn and E in seedling leaves of eight groups of treatments (CK, S, A, S-A, CK (FT), S (FT), A (FT), and S-A (FT)) were analysed. Results showed that a single stress did not cause a change in the MDA content. All of the combined stresses in S-A, CK (FT), S (FT), A (FT), and S-A (FT) treatments increased the MDA content of barley seedlings, and the MDA content of S-A (FT) reached 28.438 at T2 (−5°C) μmol/g. During the freeze–thaw cycle, the cell membrane of seedlings was damaged more seriously by alkali stress, which showed a significant increase in relative conductivity. The relative moisture content value of seedlings was more than 100% because the seedlings could absorb more moisture due to mechanical injury. The protein content of osmoregulatory substances in highland barley seedlings increased with increasing stress, indicating resistance to stress. Moreover, the effect of freeze–thaw stress on photosynthesis was more significant. The changes in indices proved that an appropriate amount of salt stress could improve the resistance of the plant cell membrane. Alkali stress had a significant effect on the growth of highland barley seedlings. Freezing and thawing can aggravate the damage of saline–alkali stress to highland barley seedlings, resulting in changes in the biological membrane permeability and photosynthesis of seedlings. The fluctuation of osmoregulation substance content confirmed that highland barley seedlings had a certain degree of stress resistance. Freeze–thaw cycles will aggravate the damage of land salinisation to highland barley seedlings. To better reduce the impact and loss of land salinisation and freeze–thaw disasters on agriculture in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, priority should be given to solving freeze–thaw stress in the process of grain production.
Fabrication and application of Fe2O3-decorated carbon nanotube fibers via instantaneous Joule-heating method
Authors: Xue Zhiping , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fe2O3-decorated carbon nanotube fibers (Fe2O3/CNT fibers) exhibit synergistic properties and can be used in flexible electrochemical devices. One of the greatest challenges is to synthesize homogeneous Fe2O3 on CNT fibers. In this paper, we have anchored Fe2O3 nanocrystals compactly and uniformly in CNT fibers via the instantaneous Joule-heating method. By regulating the current intensity, iron catalysts in CNT fibers can be directly converted into Fe2O3 nanocrystals. This method can also prepare Fe2O3 particles of different sizes by adjusting the current value. The distinct structure of Fe2O3/CNT fibers contributed to their excellent electrochemical performance. Because cobaltocene and nickelocene can also be used as catalysts to prepare CNT fibers, this method is expected to be a universal method for the composite of transition metal oxide and CNT fibers.
Uterine slow wave: directionality and changes with imminent delivery
Authors: Albaladejo-Belmonte Monica , Prats-Boluda Gema , Ye-Lin Yiyao , Garfield Robert E , Garcia-Casado Javier 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. The slow wave (SW) of the electrohysterogram (EHG) may contain relevant information on the electrophysiological condition of the uterus throughout pregnancy and labor. Our aim was to assess differences in the SW as regards the imminence of labor and the directionality of uterine myoelectrical activity. Approach. The SW of the EHG was extracted from the signals of the Icelandic 16-electrode EHG database in the bandwidth [5, 30] mHz and its power, spectral content, complexity and synchronization between the horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions were characterized by the root mean square (RMS), dominant frequency (domF), sample entropy (SampEn) and maximum cross-correlation (CCmax) of the signals, respectively. Significant differences between parameters at time-to-delivery (TTD) ≤7 versus >7 days and between the horizontal versus vertical directions were assessed. Main results. The SW power significantly increased in both directions as labor approached (TTD ≤ 7d versus >7d (mean±SD):

R
M

S

x

= 0.12 ± 0.10 versus 0.08 ± 0.06 mV;

R
M

S

y

= 0.12 ± 0.09 versus 0.08 ± 0.05 mV), as well as the dominant frequency in the horizontal direction (

d
o
m

F

x

= 9.1 ± 1.3 versus 8.5 ± 1.2mHz) and the synchronization between both directions (

C

C

max

= 0.44 ± 0.16 versus 0.36 ± 0.14). Furthermore, its complexity decreased in the vertical direction (

S
a
m
p
E

n

y

= 6.13·10−2 ± 8.7·10−3 versus 6.50·10−2 ± 8.3·10−3), suggesting a higher cell-to-cell electrical coupling. Whereas there were no differences between the SW features in both directions in the general population, statistically significant differences were obtained between them in individuals in many cases. Significance. Our results suggest that the SW of the EHG is related to bioelectrical events in the uterus and could provide objective information to clinicians in challenging obstetric scenarios.
Large-area regular periodic surface structures on 4H-SiC induced by defocused femtosecond laser
Authors: He Ziyu , Xie Xiaozhu , Long Jiangyou , Liu Tao , Zhang Zucheng , Lai Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser has been proved to induce periodic surface structure formation with various periods. Previous studies employed complex optical means and specific processing environments to induce nano-sized periodic surface structures. In this study, a defocused fs laser was utilized to realize a high-stability and straightforward method for generating periodic structures on silicon carbide (SiC) surfaces. Due to its more uniform energy distribution, the defocused laser effectively attenuates the unstable fluid flow caused by the Marangoni convection, thereby improving the consistency of laser- induced periodic surface structure morphology and size. The effects of laser processing parameters on the ripple period, density, and morphology were systematically investigated. Moreover, an appropriate physical process was adopted to explain the formation of the nanostructures. A high laser pulse number was considered the key to forming large-area dense nanoripples, which possessed a smooth edge profile and similar period. Under optimal parameters, large-area regular nanoripples with periods of ∼100 nm could be induced on the SiC surface by a defocused fs laser method. Meanwhile, a two-step laser-inducing method was proposed to fabricate an array of two-dimensional square-shaped nanocolumns with a size of 60 nm × 60 nm. The two-step laser-inducing method realized tuning in the surface nanostructure morphology and localized nanostructures rewriting by adjusting the laser processing parameters. This large-area periodic structure inducing method showed the possibility of making laser-writing technology to be flexible, straightforward and, hence, competitive for advanced industrial application based on surface nanostructuring.