bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of subsidence control for coastal flooding in China
Authors: Fang Jiayi , Nicholls Robert J. , Brown Sally , Lincke Daniel , Hinkel Jochen , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , Du Shiqiang , Zhao Qing , Liu Min , Shi Peijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLand subsidence is impacting large populations in coastal Asia via relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Here we assesses these risks and possible response strategies for China, including estimates of present rates of RSLR, flood exposure and risk to 2050. In 2015, each Chinese coastal resident experienced on average RSLR of 11 to 20 mm/yr. This is 3 to 5 times higher than climate-induced SLR, reflecting that people are concentrated in subsiding locations. In 2050, assuming these subsidence rates continue, land area, population and assets exposed to the 100-year coastal flood event is 20%-39%, 17%-37% and 18%-39% higher than assuming climate change alone, respectively. Realistic subsidence control measures can avoid up to two thirds of this additional growth in exposure, with adaptation required to address the residual. This analysis emphasizes subsidence as a RSLR hazard in China that requires a broad-scale policy response, utilizing subsidence control combined with coastal adaptation.
4D printing of MXene hydrogels for high-efficiency pseudocapacitive energy storage
Authors: Li Ke , Zhao Juan , Zhussupbekova Ainur , Shuck Christopher E. , Hughes Lucia , Dong Yueyao , Barwich Sebastian , Vaesen Sebastien , Shvets Igor V. , Möbius Matthias , Schmitt Wolfgang , Gogotsi Yury , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2D material hydrogels have recently sparked tremendous interest owing to their potential in diverse applications. However, research on the emerging 2D MXene hydrogels is still in its infancy. Herein, we show a universal 4D printing technology for manufacturing MXene hydrogels with customizable geometries, which suits a family of MXenes such as Nb2CTx, Ti3C2Tx, and Mo2Ti2C3Tx. The obtained MXene hydrogels offer 3D porous architectures, large specific surface areas, high electrical conductivities, and satisfying mechanical properties. Consequently, ultrahigh capacitance (3.32 F cm−2 (10 mV s−1) and 233 F g−1 (10 V s−1)) and mass loading/thickness-independent rate capabilities are achieved. The further 4D-printed Ti3C2Tx hydrogel micro-supercapacitors showcase great low-temperature tolerance (down to –20 °C) and deliver high energy and power densities up to 93 μWh cm−2 and 7 mW cm−2, respectively, surpassing most state-of-the-art devices. This work brings new insights into MXene hydrogel manufacturing and expands the range of their potential applications.
High temperature methane emissions from Large Igneous Provinces as contributors to late Permian mass extinctions
Authors: Chen Chengsheng , Qin Shengfei , Wang Yunpeng , Holland Greg , Wynn Peter , Zhong Wanxu , Zhou Zheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions induced by Large Igneous Provinces have the potential to contribute to global environmental changes that triggered mass extinctions in Earth’s history. Here, we explore the source of methane in gas samples from central Sichuan Basin, which is within the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). We report evidence of high methane formation temperatures (between 249−17/+19 and 256−20/+22 °C) from clumped methane measurements and mantle-derived signatures of noble gases, which verify that oil-cracked CH4 and pyrobitumen are by-products within the reservoirs, associated with hydrothermal activity and enhanced heating by the ELIP. We estimate the volume of oil-cracked CH4 induced by the ELIP and argue that CH4 emissions would have been sufficient to initiate global warming prior to the end of the Permian. We also suggest that similar emissions from oil-cracked CH4 associated with the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province may also have contributed to the end-Permian mass extinction significantly.
Ligand-enabled Ni-catalyzed hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of internal alkenes with organoborons
Authors: Wang Dao-Ming , She Li-Qin , Wu Yichen , Zhu Chunyin , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transition metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes offers an efficient solution for the rapid construction of complex functional molecules, and significant progress has been made during last decades. However, the hydrofunctionalization of internal alkenes remains a significant challenge due to low reactivity and the difficulties of controlling the regioselectivity. Here, we report the hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of internal alkenes lacking a directing group with aryl and alkenyl boronic acids in the presence of a nickel catalyst, featuring a broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance under redox-neutral conditions. The key to achieving this reaction is the identification of a bulky 1-adamantyl β-diketone ligand, which is capable of overcoming the low reactivity of internal 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled that this reaction undergoes an Ar-Ni(II)-H initiated hydroarylation process, which is generated by the oxidative addition of alcoholic solvent with Ni(0) species and sequential transmetalation. In addition, the oxidative addition of the alcoholic solvent proves to be the turnover-limiting step.
The prognostic and diagnostic value of intraleukocytic malaria pigment in patients with severe falciparum malaria
Authors: Srinamon Ketsanee , Watson James A. , Silamut Kamolrat , Intharabut Benjamas , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Diep Pham Thi , Lyke Kirsten E. , Fanello Caterina , von Seidlein Lorenz , Chotivanich Kesinee , Dondorp Arjen M. , Day Nicholas P. J. , White Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere falciparum malaria is a major cause of death in tropical countries, particularly in African children. Rapid and accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment are critical to clinical management. In 6027 prospectively studied patients diagnosed with severe malaria we assess the prognostic value of peripheral blood film counts of malaria pigment containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. We combine these results with previously published data and show, in an individual patient data meta-analysis (n = 32,035), that the proportion of pigment containing PMNs is predictive of in-hospital mortality. In African children the proportion of pigment containing PMNs helps distinguish severe malaria from other life-threatening febrile illnesses, and it adds to the prognostic assessment from simple bedside examination, and to the conventional malaria parasite count. Microscopy assessment of pigment containing PMNs is simple and rapid, and should be performed in all patients hospitalised with suspected severe malaria.
Size-matched hydrogen bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks for regulation of energetic materials
Authors: Lai Qi , Pei Le , Fei Teng , Yin Ping , Pang Siping , Shreeve Jean’ne M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSize matching molecular design utilizing host-guest chemistry is a general, promising strategy for seeking new functional materials. With the growing trend of multidisciplinary investigations, taming the metastable high-energy guest moiety in well-matched frameworks is a new pathway leading to innovative energetic materials. Presented is a selective encapsulation in hydrogen-bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks (HHF) by screening different sized nitrogen-rich azoles. The size-match between a sensitive high-energy guest and an HHF not only gives rise to higher energetic performance by dense packing, but also reinforces the layer-by-layer structure which can stabilize the resulting materials towards external mechanic stimuli. Preliminary assessment based on calculated detonation properties and mechanical sensitivity indicates that HHF competed well with the energetic performance and molecular stability (detonation velocity = 9286 m s−1, impact sensitivity = 50 J). This work highlights the size-matched phenomenon of HHF and may serve as an alternative strategy for exploring next generation advanced energetic materials.
Daylight saving time affects European mortality
patterns
Authors: Lévy Laurent , Robine Jean-Marie , Rey Grégoire , Méndez Turrubiates Raúl Fernando , Quijal-Zamorano Marcos , Achebak Hicham , Ballester Joan , Rodó Xavier , Herrmann François R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDaylight saving time (DST) consists in a one-hour advancement of legal
time in spring offset by a backward transition of the same magnitude in fall. It
creates a minimal circadian misalignment that could disrupt sleep and homoeostasis
in susceptible individuals and lead to an increased incidence of pathologies and
accidents during the weeks immediately following both transitions. How this shift
affects mortality dynamics on a large population scale remains, however, unknown.
This study examines the impact of DST on all-cause mortality in 16 European
countries for the period 1998-2012. It shows that mortality decreases in spring and
increases in fall during the first two weeks following each DST transition.
Moreover, the alignment of time data around DST transition dates revealed a
septadian mortality pattern (lowest on Sundays, highest on Mondays) that persists
all-year round, irrespective of seasonal variations, in men and women aged above
40.
Hot-carrier tunable abnormal nonlinear absorption conversion in quasi-2D perovskite
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Tanghao , Wang Bingzhe , Gu Hao , Wei Qi , Zhang Zhipeng , He Jun , Li Mingjie , Xing Guichuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractControlling the high-power laser transmittance is built on the diverse manipulation of multiple nonlinear absorption (NLA) processes in the nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. According to standard saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) model adapted for traditional semiconductor materials, the coexistence of SA and RSA will result in SA induced transparency at low laser intensity, yet switch to RSA with pump fluence increasing. Here, we observed, in contrast, an unusual RSA to SA conversion in quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskite film with a low threshold around 2.6 GW cm−2. With ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectra measurement, such abnormal NLA is attributed to the competition between excitonic absorption enhancement and non-thermalized carrier induced bleaching. TA singularity from non-thermalized “Fermi Sea” is observed in quasi-2D perovskite film, indicating an ultrafast carrier thermalization within 100 fs. Moreover, the comparative study between the 2D and 3D perovskites uncovers the crucial role of hot-carrier effect to tune the NLA response. The ultrafast carrier cooling of quasi-2D perovskite is pointed out as an important factor to realize such abnormal NLA conversion process. These results provide fresh insights into the NLA mechanisms in low-dimensional perovskites, which may pave a promising way to diversify the NLO material applications.
Inhibiting ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase counteracts prostate cancer immune checkpoint blockade resistance
Authors: Sridaran Dhivya , Chouhan Surbhi , Mahajan Kiran , Renganathan Arun , Weimholt Cody , Bhagwat Shambhavi , Reimers Melissa , Kim Eric H. , Thakur Manish K. , Saeed Muhammad A. , Pachynski Russell K. , Seeliger Markus A. , Miller W. Todd , Feng Felix Y. , Mahajan Nupam P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolid tumours are highly refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies due to the functional impairment of effector T cells and their inefficient trafficking to tumours. T-cell activation is negatively regulated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK); however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that the conserved oncogenic tyrosine kinase Activated CDC42 kinase 1 (ACK1) is able to phosphorylate CSK at Tyrosine 18 (pY18), which enhances CSK function, constraining T-cell activation. Mice deficient in the Tnk2 gene encoding Ack1, are characterized by diminished CSK Y18-phosphorylation and spontaneous activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, resulting in inhibited growth of transplanted ICB-resistant tumours. Furthermore, ICB treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients results in re-activation of ACK1/pY18-CSK signalling, confirming the involvement of this pathway in ICB insensitivity. An ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, recapitulates inhibition of ICB-resistant tumours, which provides evidence for ACK1 enzymatic activity playing a pivotal role in generating ICB resistance. Overall, our study identifies an important mechanism of ICB resistance and holds potential for expanding the scope of ICB therapy to tumours that are currently unresponsive.
Coherent momentum control of forbidden excitons
Authors: Ma Xuezhi , Kudtarkar Kaushik , Chen Yixin , Cunha Preston , Ma Yuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Qian Xiaofeng , Hipwell M. Cynthia , Wong Zi Jing , Lan Shoufeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA double-edged sword in two-dimensional material science and technology is optically forbidden dark exciton. On the one hand, it is fascinating for condensed matter physics, quantum information processing, and optoelectronics due to its long lifetime. On the other hand, it is notorious for being optically inaccessible from both excitation and detection standpoints. Here, we provide an efficient and low-loss solution to the dilemma by reintroducing photonics bound states in the continuum (BICs) to manipulate dark excitons in the momentum space. In a monolayer tungsten diselenide under normal incidence, we demonstrated a giant enhancement (~1400) for dark excitons enabled by transverse magnetic BICs with intrinsic out-of-plane electric fields. By further employing widely tunable Friedrich-Wintgen BICs, we demonstrated highly directional emission from the dark excitons with a divergence angle of merely 7°. We found that the directional emission is coherent at room temperature, unambiguously shown in polarization analyses and interference measurements. Therefore, the BICs reintroduced as a momentum-space photonic environment could be an intriguing platform to reshape and redefine light-matter interactions in nearby quantum materials, such as low-dimensional materials, otherwise challenging or even impossible to achieve.
Anti-infective therapy using species-specific activators of Staphylococcus aureus ClpP
Authors: Wei Bingyan , Zhang Tao , Wang Pengyu , Pan Yihui , Li Jiahui , Chen Weizhong , Zhang Min , Ji Quanjiang , Wu Wenjuan , Lan Lefu , Gan Jianhua , Yang Cai-Guang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates highlights the urgent need to develop more antibiotics. ClpP is a highly conserved protease regulated by ATPases in bacteria and in mitochondria. Aberrant activation of bacterial ClpP is an alternative method of discovering antibiotics, while it remains difficult to develop selective Staphylococcus aureus ClpP activators that can avoid disturbing Homo sapiens ClpP functions. Here, we use a structure-based design to identify (R)- and (S)-ZG197 as highly selective Staphylococcus aureus ClpP activators. The key structural elements in Homo sapiens ClpP, particularly W146 and its joint action with the C-terminal motif, significantly contribute to the discrimination of the activators. Our selective activators display wide antibiotic properties towards an array of multidrug-resistant staphylococcal strains in vitro, and demonstrate promising antibiotic efficacy in zebrafish and murine skin infection models. Our findings indicate that the species-specific activators of Staphylococcus aureus ClpP are exciting therapeutic agents to treat staphylococcal infections.
Vertical depletion of ophiolitic mantle reflects melt focusing and interaction in sub-spreading-center asthenosphere
Authors: Xiong Qing , Dai Hong-Kun , Zheng Jian-Ping , Griffin William L. , Zheng Hong-Da , Wang Li , Reilly Suzanne Y. O’ 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecompressional melting of asthenosphere under spreading centers has been accepted to produce oceanic lithospheric mantle with vertical compositional variations, but these gradients are much smaller than those observed from ophiolites, which clearly require additional causes. Here we conduct high-density sampling and whole-rock and mineral analyses of peridotites across a Tibetan ophiolitic mantle section (~2 km thick), which shows a primary upward depletion (~12% difference) and local more-depleted anomalies. Thermodynamic modeling demonstrates that these features cannot be produced by decompressional melting or proportional compression of residual mantle, but can be explained by melt-peridotite reaction with lateral melt/rock ratio variations in an upwelling asthenospheric column, producing stronger depletion in the melt-focusing center and local zones. This column splits symmetrically and flows to become the horizontal uppermost lithospheric mantle, characterized by upward depletion and local anomalies. This model provides insights into melt extraction and uppermost-mantle origin beneath spreading centers with high melt fluxes.
Cognitive training enhances growth mindset in children through plasticity of cortico-striatal circuits
Authors: Chen Lang , Chang Hyesang , Rudoler Jeremy , Arnardottir Eydis , Zhang Yuan , de los Angeles Carlo , Menon Vinod 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrowth mindset, the belief that one’s abilities can improve through cognitive effort, is an important psychological construct with broad implications for enabling children to reach their highest potential. However, surprisingly little is known about malleability of growth mindset in response to cognitive interventions in children and its neurobiological underpinnings. Here we address critical gaps in our knowledge by investigating behavioral and brain changes in growth mindset associated with a four-week training program designed to enhance foundational, academically relevant, cognitive skills in 7–10-year-old children. Cognitive training significantly enhanced children’s growth mindset. Cross-lagged panel analysis of longitudinal pre- and post-training data revealed that growth mindset prior to training predicted cognitive abilities after training, providing support for the positive role of growth mindset in fostering academic achievement. We then examined training-induced changes in brain response and connectivity associated with problem solving in relation to changes in growth mindset. Children’s gains in growth mindset were associated with increased neural response and functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, brain regions crucial for cognitive control, motivation, and memory. Plasticity of cortico-striatal circuitry emerged as the strongest predictor of growth mindset gains. Taken together, our study demonstrates that children’s growth mindset can be enhanced by cognitive training, and elucidates the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying its malleability. Findings provide important insights into effective interventions that simultaneously promote growth mindset and learning during the early stages of cognitive development.
A potent, broadly protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Wang Ziyan , An Jiao , Liu Kunpeng , Yu Pin , Fang Xin , Li Jiadai , Zhu Hua , Zhu Qianjun , Huang Chuanqi , Zhang Chao , Zhao Binbin , Bao Linlin , Song Yujiao , Cao Xiayao , Hu Dongdong , Jiang Yuanxiang , Shi Likang , Zhou Lingyun , Fan Jiang , Guan Wuxiang , Zhou Chenliang , Hu Zhongyu , Yuan Zhiming , Liu Jiangning , Shan Chao , Liu Ge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince the first outbreak in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been constantly evolving and five variants have been classified as Variant of Concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). These VOCs were found to enhance transmission and/or decrease neutralization capabilities of monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-induced antibodies. Here, we successfully designed and produced a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine in CHO cells at a high yield. The vaccine antigen contains four hot spot substitutions, K417N, E484K, N501Y and D614G, based on a prefusion-stabilized spike trimer of SARS-CoV-2 (S-6P) and formulated with an Alum/CpG 7909 dual adjuvant system. Results of immunogenicity studies showed that the variant vaccine elicited robust cross-neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 prototype (Wuhan) strain and all 5 VOCs. It further, stimulated a TH1 (T Helper type 1) cytokine profile and substantial CD4+ T cell responses in BALB/c mice and rhesus macaques were recorded. Protective efficacy of the vaccine candidate was evaluated in hamster and rhesus macaque models of SARS-CoV-2. In Golden Syrian hamsters challenged with Beta or Delta strains, the vaccine candidate reduced the viral loads in nasal turbinates and lung tissues, accompanied by significant weight gain and relieved inflammation in the lungs. In rhesus macaque challenged with prototype SARS-CoV-2, the vaccine candidate decreased viral shedding in throat, anal, blood swabs over time, reduced viral loads of bronchus and lung tissue, and effectively relieved the lung pathological inflammatory response. Together, our data demonstrated the broadly neutralizing activity and efficacy of the variant vaccine against both prototype and current VOCs of SARS-CoV-2, justifying further clinical development.
Asymmetric emergence of low-to-no snow in the midlatitudes of the American Cordillera
Authors: Rhoades Alan M. , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Risser Mark D. , Collins William D. , Bambach Nicolas E. , Huning Laurie S. , McCrary Rachel , Siirila-Woodburn Erica R. , Ullrich Paul A. , Wehner Michael F. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocieties and ecosystems within and downstream of mountains rely on seasonal snowmelt to satisfy their water demands. Anthropogenic climate change has reduced mountain snowpacks worldwide, altering snowmelt magnitude and timing. Here the global warming level leading to widespread and persistent mountain snowpack decline, termed low-to-no snow, is estimated for the world’s most latitudinally contiguous mountain range, the American Cordillera. We show that a combination of dynamical, thermodynamical and hypsometric factors results in an asymmetric emergence of low-to-no-snow conditions within the midlatitudes of the American Cordillera. Low-to-no-snow emergence occurs approximately 20 years earlier in the southern hemisphere, at a third of the local warming level, and coincides with runoff efficiency declines (8% average) in both dry and wet years. The prevention of a low-to-no-snow future in either hemisphere requires the level of global warming to be held to, at most, +2.5 °C.