bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Clinical Association Between Gout and Dementia: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Ji Hyoun , Yim Dong‐Hyuk , Choi In Ah , Lee Jeonghwan , Park Hyemi , Eom Sang‐Yong 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveHyperuricemia might have neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on dementia via oxidative stress or inflammatory response regulation. Few studies have explored the association of hyperuricemia or gout with dementia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between gout and dementia in Korea.MethodsAltogether, 5,052 gout patients and 25,260 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were selected from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)–National Sample Cohort database. The incidence and risk of dementia were evaluated by reviewing the NHIS record. We also performed a subgroup analysis according to age group (age <65 or ≥65 years) using the standard age of 65 years for elderly and nonelderly groups and sex.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 81 and 558 participants in the gout and control cohorts developed dementia, respectively. The mean follow‐up duration was 4.38 years in gout patients and 4.94 years in controls. Gout patients had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 for overall dementia (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62–1.00) and significantly lower Alzheimer's disease risk (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.54–0.98]) after adjusting for age, sex, household income, and comorbidities. In subgroup analysis stratified by age and sex, the inverse association between gout and the risk of overall dementia (HR 0.71 [95% CI 0.52–0.97]) and Alzheimer's disease (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46–0.97]) were observed in the elderly male group. On the other hand, age‐ and sex‐adjusted analysis showed that the HR for vascular dementia of gout patients was 2.31 (95% CI 1.02–5.25) in the nonelderly male group.ConclusionGout decreased the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease–type dementia, especially in elderly patients. The association between gout and dementia risk may differ according to age and disease duration.
Electro‐Thermo Controlled Water Valve Based on 2D Graphene–Cellulose Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Kou , Chen Musen , Wang Qian , Grebenchuk Sergey , Chen Siyu , Leng Xuanye , Novoselov Kostya S. , Andreeva Daria V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel 2D hydrogels with coupled electro‐thermoregulation for water transport are constructed via self‐assembly of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), where the capability of HPC to switch between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states is exploited. Amphiphilic GO surface is used to guide the ordering and alignment of liquid crystalline HPC domains. The changes in conformation and alignment of HPC serve as a switch for optical properties and water transport. A composite consisting of electrically conductive rGO and 2D hydrogel is developed to produce thermal stimulus and thus construct an electro‐thermo controlled valve for regulated water transfer. The prepared 2D hydrogel has a large swelling rate, outstanding mechanical properties (Young's modulus is 2.5 GPa), and superior electrical conductivity (176 S cm−1). The ability of HPC domains to change conformation in 2D confinement, when Joule heating is applied, can function as a 2D low footprint water switcher with optical control in smart membranes. The proposed sustainable approach to self‐assembly of HPC in 2D confinement of GO and rGO is applicable to the whole family of lower critical solution temperature polymers. Thus, a ubiquitous and sustainable synthesis of novel low dimensional robust multifunctional hydrogels is demonstrated.
Advancing Tissue Decellularized Hydrogels for Engineering Human Organoids
Authors: Moura Beatriz S. , Monteiro Maria V. , Ferreira Luís P. , Lavrador Pedro , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe extracellular matrix plays a critical role in bioinstructing cellular self‐assembly and spatial (re)configuration processes that culminate in human organoids in vitro generation and maturation. Considering the importance of the supporting matrix, herein is showcased the most recent advances in the bioengineering of decellularized tissue hydrogels for generating organoids and assembloids. Key design blueprints, characterization methodologies, and extracellular matrix processing toolboxes are comprehensively discussed in light of current advances. Such enabling approaches provide the grounds for engineering next‐generation tissue‐specific hydrogels with close‐to‐native biomolecular signatures and user‐tailored biophysical properties that may potentiate organoids physiomimetic potential. In a forward looking perspective, the combination of tissue‐specific decellularized hydrogels with increasingly complex multicellular assemblies and bottom‐up cell engineering technologies may unravel unprecedented tissue‐like physiological responses and further advance the exploitation of organoids and assembloids as human disease surrogates or as patient‐tailored living therapeutics.
Cholinium Cations Enable Highly Compact and Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Nie Xueyu , Miao Licheng , Yuan Wentao , Ma Guoqiang , Di Shengli , Wang Yuanyuan , Shen Shigang , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetallic Zn is believed to be an ideal anode for aqueous batteries, but its reversibility is deteriorated by noncompact and dendritic Zn deposition along with interfacial parasitic reactions. Herein, it is reported that introducing cholinium (Ch+) cations into aqueous electrolytes enables a spatially compact, non‐dendritic, and corrosion‐free Zn electrode even at high areal capacity (5.0 and 10.0 mAh cm–2) using a pressure‐free electrolytic cell. This strategy is applicable to various Zn‐salt‐based aqueous electrolytes (e.g., 1 M ZnSO4, Zn(CH3COO)2, and ZnCl2). It is found that bulky Ch+ cations create a “leveling effect” to homogenize Zn deposition and render an H2O poor electrical double layer near Zn by favorably absorbing on the Zn surface. Moreover, Ch+ cations with –OH group disrupt the original H‐bonded network of water to reduce H2O‐induced side reactions and promote the Zn2+ de‐solvation by forming H‐bond with H2O. As a result, the Zn electrode in the optimized 1 M ZnSO4 with 4 M Ch+ electrolyte manifests remarkable electrochemical performances involving high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% in Zn//Cu cell and prolonged cycling stability over 2000 h in Zn//Zn cell (1.0 mA cm–2, 1.0 mAh cm–2). This work provides a new strategy for the design of compact and dendrite‐free Zn battery chemistry.
Polymeric Molecular Design Towards Horizontal Zn Electrodeposits at Constrained 2D Zn2+ Diffusion: Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode for Long‐Life and High‐Rate Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Xie Dan , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Diao Wan‐Yue , Tao Fang‐Yu , Liu Chang , Sun Hai‐Zhu , Wu Xing‐Long , Wang Jia‐Wei , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered unprecedented attention owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, appropriate redox potential, and remarkable sustainability. Nevertheless, the intractable issues induced by the notorious Zn dendrite growth and serious interfacial side reactions significantly impede their large‐scale utilization. Inducing Zn to electrodeposit through parallel arrangement mode is critical to realizing dendrite‐free Zn metal anodes (ZMAs). To realize this purpose, a unique polymeric molecular design strategy through chemically grafting a thin polyanthraquinone (PAQ) overlayer on the Zn surface in the manner of spontaneous polymerization reaction of anthraquinone diazonium tetrafluoroborate (AQN2+BF4−) is proposed firstly. Impressively, thus‐derived PAQ overlayer as an artificial protective layer can constrain the Zn2+ ions 2D diffusion and homogenize the electric field and Zn2+ ions concentration distribution, further guiding preferential growth along the Zn(002) plane. Assisted by the PAQ overlayer, the dendrite growth, H2 evolution reaction, and Zn corrosion on ZMAs are suppressed effectively. Accordingly, such polymeric molecular modified ZMAs ensure a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% at 4 mA cm−2 and achieve a long cycling lifespan up to 1750 h at 1 mA cm−2 and superior rate capability. This work provides a new insight into designing an interface protective layer for achieving highly stable ZMAs.
Rare‐Earth‐Based Perovskite Cs2AgScCl6:Bi for Strong Full Visible Spectrum Emission
Authors: Zeng Zhichao , Sun Mingzi , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Hongtu , Shi Xiaomeng , Ye Shi , Huang Bolong , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost luminescent materials can only emit light with a particular wavelength. In general, various phosphors with complementary spectral ranges are mixed to realize full‐spectrum lighting. Therefore, the integration of luminescence at different wavebands in the single component matrix to obtain white emission is the optimal strategy for designing lighting materials. Thus, Sc‐based double perovskite Cs2AgScCl6:xBi with adjustable free exciton and self‐trapped exciton luminescence is synthesized by the vacuum evaporation assisted synthetic method. This perovskite can be used as white phosphor to assemble a high‐quality white lighting device. Density functional theory calculations have revealed that the introduction of Bi optimizes the electron transfer and suppresses the defects in Cs2AgScCl6, which leads to excellent luminescent performance in a broad wavelength range. This work provides a new concept and strategy for the design and preparation of rare‐earth optical perovskites in the future.
Direct Light Orbital Angular Momentum Detection in Mid‐Infrared Based on the Type‐II Weyl Semimetal TaIrTe4
Authors: Lai Jiawei , Ma Junchao , Fan Zipu , Song Xiaoming , Yu Peng , Liu Zheng , Zhang Pei , Shi Yi , Cheng Jinluo , Sun Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe direct photocurrent detection capability of light orbital angular momentum (OAM) has recently been realized with topological Weyl semimetals, but it is limited to the near‐infrared wavelength range. The extension of the direct OAM detection capability to the mid‐infrared band, which is a wave band that plays an important role in a vast range of applications, has not yet been realized. This is because the photocurrent responses of most photodetectors are neither sensitive to the phase information nor efficient in the mid‐infrared region. In this study, a photodetector based on the type‐II Weyl semimetal tantalum iridium telluride (TaIrTe4) is designed with peculiar electrode geometries to directly detect the topological charge of the OAM using the orbital photogalvanic effect (OPGE). The results indicate that the helical phase gradient of light can be distinguished by a current winding around the optical beam axis, with a magnitude proportional to its quantized OAM mode number. The topologically enhanced responses in the mid‐infrared region of TaIrTe4 further help overcome the low responsivity issues and finally render direct OAM detection capability. This study enables on‐chip‐integrated OAM detection, and thus OAM‐sensitive focal plane arrays in the mid‐infrared region.
Self‐Lubricative Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Coating with Anti‐Icing and Anti‐Waxing Performances by Grafting Liquid‐Like Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Hao Xiaoqing , Sun Zhengrong , Wu Shuwang , Wang Ta‐Wei , Liu Yubo , Wu Yang , He Ximin , Liu Qinze , Zhou Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most popular materials to protect infrastructures from the complicated environment due to its chemical stability, nontoxicity, low cost, high durability, and chain flexibility. Herein, a series of organic–inorganic hybrid coatings are prepared by simply grafting loop‐like PDMS on a solid surface. Owning to the low surface energy and high mobility of PDMS chains, the special characteristics, including liquid repellency, anti‐fouling, self‐lubrication, anti‐ and delay‐ice, anti‐paraffin, etc., are presented. To confirm the liquid‐like slippery nature of PDMS surface, the controlled de‐icing and de‐waxing tests on rigid chain surfaces are conducted. The liquid‐like nature of PDMS allows ice or paraffin to have a low adhesion in a slip state, but a fractured state on alkylated and perfluorinated surface with a high adhesion strength. In addition, the flexible PDMS chains grafted on the inorganic silica layer by stable covalent bond endow the surface with excellent durability, including maintaining low ice adhesion during 50 icing‐deicing cycles, resistance to UV irradiation, washing or soaking in organic solvent, etc. This work provides a simple approach for constructing self‐lubricative low surface energy coating to realize de‐ice and de‐wax easily, which may have a broad prospect of application in equipment protection.
Hybrid Biomaterial Initiates Refractory Wound Healing via Inducing Transiently Heightened Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Dou Geng , Li Zihan , Wang Xiangdong , Jin Ronghua , Liu Yao , Kuang Huijuan , Huang Xiaoyao , Yang Xiaoxue , Yang Xiaoshan , Liu Siying , Wu Meiling , Guo Hao , Ding Feng , Xu Haokun , Liu Shiyu , Jin Yan , Xuan Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInflammation plays a crucial role in triggering regeneration, while inadequate or chronic inflammation hinders the regenerative process, resulting in refractory wounds. Inspired by the ideal regeneration mode in lower vertebrates and the human oral mucosa, realigning dysregulated inflammation to a heightened and acute response provides a promising option for refractory wound therapy. Neutrophils play important roles in inflammation initiation and resolution. Here, a hybrid biomaterial is used to stimulate transiently heightened inflammatory responses by precise tempospatial regulation of neutrophil recruitment and apoptosis. The hybrid biomaterial (Gel@fMLP/SiO2‐FasL) is constructed by loading of formyl‐met‐leu‐phe (fMLP) and FasL‐conjugated silica nanoparticles (SiO2‐FasL) into a pH‐responsive hydrogel matrix. This composition enables burst release of fMLP to rapidly recruit neutrophils for heightened inflammation initiation. After neutrophils act to produce acids, the pH‐responsive hydrogel degrades to expose SiO2‐FasL, which induces activated neutrophils apoptosis via FasL‐Fas signaling triggering timely inflammation resolution. Apoptotic neutrophils are subsequently cleared by macrophages, and this efferocytosis activates key signalings to promote macrophage anti‐inflammatory phenotypic transformation to drive regeneration. Ultimately, Gel@fMLP/SiO2‐FasL successfully promotes tissue regeneration by manipulating inflammation in critical‐sized calvarial bone defects and diabetic cutaneous wound models. This work provides a new strategy for refractory wound therapy via inducing transiently heightened inflammatory responses.
Peptide Aggregation Induced Immunogenic Rupture (PAIIR)
Authors: Gunay Gokhan , Hamsici Seren , Lang Gillian A. , Lang Mark L. , Kovats Susan , Acar Handan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) arises when cells are under stress, and their membranes are damaged. They release damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulate and drive the type and magnitude of the immune response. In the presence of an antigen, DAMPs ride the longevity and efficacy of antigen‐specific immunity. Yet, no tool can induce the controlled ICD with predictable results. A peptide‐based tool, [II], is designed that aggregates in the cell and causes cell membrane damage, generates ICD and DAMPs release on various cell types, and hence can act as an adjuvant. An influenza vaccine is prepared by combining [II] with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subunit antigens. The results show that [II] induced significantly higher HA‐specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a antibodies than HA‐only immunized mice, while the peptide itself did not elicit antibodies. This paper demonstrates the first peptide‐aggregation induced immunogenic rupture (PAIIR) approach as a vaccine adjuvant. PAIIR is a promising adjuvant with a high potential to promote universal protection upon influenza HA vaccination.
Surface‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Containing π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Sánchez‐Grande Ana , Urgel José I. , García‐Benito Inés , Santos José , Biswas Kalyan , Lauwaet Koen , Gallego José M. , Rosen Johanna , Miranda Rodolfo , Björk Jonas , Martín Nazario , Écija David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn‐surface synthesis has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to design conjugated polymers previously precluded in conventional solution chemistry. Here, an N‐containing pentacene‐based precursor (tetraazapentacene) is ex‐professo synthesized endowed with terminal dibromomethylene (:CBr2) groups to steer homocoupling via dehalogenation on metallic supports. Combined scanning probe microscopy investigations complemented by theoretical calculations reveal how the substrate selection drives different reaction mechanisms. On Ag(111) the dissociation of bromine atoms at room temperature triggers the homocoupling of tetraazapentacene units together with the binding of silver adatoms to the nitrogen atoms of the monomers giving rise to a N‐containing conjugated coordination polymer (P1). Subsequently, P1 undergoes ladderization at 200 °C, affording a pyrrolopyrrole‐bridged conjugated polymer (P2). On Au(111) the formation of the intermediate polymer P1 is not observed and, instead, after annealing at 100 °C, the conjugated ladder polymer P2 is obtained, revealing the crucial role of metal adatoms on Ag(111) as compared to Au(111). Finally, on Ag(100) the loss of :CBr2 groups affords the formation of tetraazapentacene monomers, which coexist with polymer P1. Our results contribute to introduce protocols for the synthesis of N‐containing conjugated polymers, illustrating the selective role of the metallic support in the underlying reaction mechanisms.
Grain Boundary‐Derived Cu+/Cu0 Interfaces in CuO Nanosheets for Low Overpotential Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Ethylene
Authors: Zhang Jianfang , Wang Yan , Li Zhengyuan , Xia Shuai , Cai Rui , Ma Lu , Zhang Tianyu , Ackley Josh , Yang Shize , Wu Yucheng , Wu Jingjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction can be used to produce value‐added hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals by coupling with clean electrical energy. However, highly active, selective, and energy‐efficient CO2 conversion to multicarbon hydrocarbons, such as C2H4, remains challenging because of the lack of efficient catalysts. Herein, an ultrasonication‐assisted electrodeposition strategy to synthesize CuO nanosheets for low‐overpotential CO2 electroreduction to C2H4 is reported. A high C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 62.5% is achieved over the CuO nanosheets at a small potential of −0.52 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to a record high half‐cell cathodic energy efficiency of 41%. The selectivity toward C2H4 is maintained for over 60 h of continuous operation. The CuO nanosheets are prone to in situ restructuring during CO2 reduction, forming abundant grain boundaries (GBs). Stable Cu+/Cu0 interfaces are derived from the low‐coordinated Cu atoms in the reconstructed GB regions and act as highly active sites for CO2 reduction at low overpotentials. In situ Raman spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory computation reveal that the Cu+/Cu0 interfaces offer high *CO surface coverage and lower the activation energy barrier for *CO dimerization, which, in synergy, facilitates CO2 reduction to C2H4 at low overpotentials.
A Trifunctional Ni–P/Fe–P Collaborated Electrocatalyst Enables Self‐Powered Energy Systems
Authors: Yang Rui , Zheng Xiaozhong , Qin Minkai , Lin Binbin , Shi Xiaoyun , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, extensive research efforts have been devoted to drive electrocatalytic water‐splitting for hydrogen generation by electricity or solar cells. However, electricity from power grid and the intermittent property of sunlight inevitably brings about environmental pollution and energy loss. Thus, a novelty energy system for simultaneous generating H2 from solar energy and overcoming the intermittence of sunlight is highly desirable. Herein, a self‐powered energy system with solar energy as the sole input energy is successfully assembled by integrated Zn–air batteries with stable output voltage, solar cells, and water splitting electrolyzer to efficient H2 production. Specially, the Zn–air batteries are charged by the solar cell to store intermitted solar energy as electricity during light reaction. Under unassisted light reaction, the batteries could release electric energy to drive H2 production. Therefore, the aim for simultaneous generating H2 and eliminating the restrictions of intermittent sunlight are realized. The solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency and solar‐to‐water splitting device efficiency of the self‐powered energy system are up to 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively. This work provides the novel design systems for H2 production and the usage of renewable energy.
Exceptional Cycling Performance Enabled by Local Structural Rearrangements in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Ahn Juhyeon , Ha Yang , Satish Rohit , Giovine Raynald , Li Linze , Liu Jue , Wang Chongmin , Clement Raphaele J. , Kostecki Robert , Yang Wanli , Chen Guoying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe capacity of lithium transition‐metal (TM) oxide cathodes is directly linked to the magnitude and accessibility of the redox reservoir associated with TM cations and/or oxygen anions, which traditionally decreases with cycling as a result of chemical, structural, or mechanical fatigue. Here, it is shown that a capacity increase over 125% can be achieved upon cycling of high‐energy Mn‐ and F‐rich cation‐disordered rocksalt oxyfluoride cathodes. This study reveals that in Li1.2Mn0.7Nb0.1O1.8F0.2, repeated Li extraction/reinsertion utilizing Mn3+/Mn4+ redox along with some degree of O‐redox participation leads to local structural rearrangements and formation of domains with off‐stoichiometry spinel‐like features. The effective integration of these local “structure‐domains” within the cubic disordered rocksalt framework promotes better Li diffusion and improves material utilization, consequently increased capacity upon cycling. This study provides important new insights into materials design strategies to further exploit the rich compositional and structural space of Mn chemistry for developing sustainable, high‐energy cathode materials.
Evaluation of natural mortality of an unfished gastropod (Buccinum undatum) population using statolith age‐frequency data in the southern Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Borsetti Sarah , Wiedenmann John , Munroe Daphne M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural mortality estimates of harvested stocks are key parameters used in stock assessments to aid in understanding the dynamics of populations, but these estimates are difficult to obtain and have a high degree of uncertainty. Data from unfished populations, which is often rare, provide a unique and valuable opportunity to estimate natural mortality. This study provides estimates of natural mortality using multiple methods from an unfished whelk (Buccinum undatum) population using statolith ages which prove to be an accurate method to assess age of gastropods. Using statolith age‐frequency data, natural mortality for this unexploited Mid‐Atlantic Bight whelk population was estimated to be 0.45–0.60 year−1. Due to the unexploited state of this population, the mortality estimate in this study can be assumed to be a true reflection of natural mortality and thus compared with mortality estimates for populations under varying degrees of exploitation to understand how exploitation affects population dynamics.