bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart-geofencing for system of reporting inadequate regional infrastructure using crossing and winding number
Authors: Safitri A. Basid Puspa Miladin Nuraida , Nugroho Fresy 
Published: June 2022

Infrastructure is a <span>major factor in increasing regional productivity and become the center of economic growth. problems arise when infrastructure improvements are only centered on downtown areas. One of the ways to develop regional infrastructure is with media reporting inadequate infrastructure. The use of smartphone technology and geofencing techniques are considered to be helpful in reporting media. Increasingly sophisticated built-in features in smartphones are undeniable proof of the technology’s highly impressive advancement. Mobile applications utilizing location-based services (LBS) assisted by a global positioning systems (GPS) sensor are rapidly becoming popular. One of its most-favorited features is geofencing. The volunteered-geographic-information (VGI)-based reporting system for regional infrastructure damage uses this feature to obtain the data input directly from the users. In this current research, the author uses two methods in geofencing, including crossing number (CN) and winding number (WN). Several previous studies suggest that the combination of these methods might result in faster computation, compared to the raycasting method. By using winding and crossing number methods, 98% of increased accuracy can be obtained, while a prior method could only obtain 96%. An improvement in the system’s speed is also expected.</span>
Applying reinforcement learning for random early detaction algorithm in adaptive queue management systems
Authors: Yousif Ayman Basheer , Hassan Hassan Jaleel , Muttasher Gaida 
Published: June 2022

Recently, <span>the use of internet has been increased all around the hose, the companies, government departments and the video games and so on. Thus, this increased the traffic used in the networks, which generated congestion issues and sent packet drop in the nodes. To solve this problem, certain algorithms are used. The Active queue management is one of the most important algorithms that helps with this issue. For an effective network management, the RL was used, and it will adapt with the parameters of algorithms. Where the suggested algorithm deep Q-networks (DQN) depends on the reinforcement learning (RL) to reduce the drop and delay. Also, the random early detection (RED) (an active queue management (AQM) algorithm) was adopted based on the NS3 situation.</span>
Knowledge discovery in manufacturing datasets using data mining techniques to improve business performance
Authors: Shaaban Amani Gomaa , Khafagy Mohamed Helmy , Elmasry Mohamed Abbas , El-Beih Heba , Ibrahim Mohamed Hasan 
Published: June 2022

Recently due <span>to the explosion in the data field, there is a great interest in the data science areas such as big data, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning. Knowledge gives control and power in numerous manufacturing areas. Companies, factories, and all organizations owners aim to benefit from their huge; recorded data that increases and expands very quickly to improve their business and improve the quality of their products. In this research paper, the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) technique has been followed, “association rules” algorithms “Apriori algorithm”, and “chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis tree” have been applied on real datasets belonging to (Emisal factory). This factory annually loses tons of production due to the breakdowns that occur daily inside the factory, which leads to a loss of profit. After analyzing and understanding the factory product processes, we found some breakdowns occur a lot of days during the product lifecycle, these breakdowns affect badly on the production lifecycle which led to a decrease in sales. So, we have mined the data and used the mentioned methods above to build a predictive model that will predict the breakdown types and help the factory owner to manage the breakdowns risks by taking accurate actions before the breakdowns happen.</span>
Enhancement in privacy preservation in cloud computing using apriori algorithm
Authors: Mustafa Raniah Ali , Chyad Haitham Salman , Mutar Jinan Redha 
Published: June 2022

Cloud <span>computing provides advantages, like flexibly of space, security, cost optimization, accessibility from any remote location. Because of this factor cloud computing is emerging as in primary data storage for individuals as well as organisations. At the same time, privacy preservation is an also a significant aspect of cloud computing. In regrades to privacy preservation, association rule mining was proposed by previous researches to protect the privacy of users. However, the algorithm involves creation of fake transaction and this algorithm also fails to maintain the privacy of data frequency. In this research an apriori algorithm is proposed to enhance the privacy of encrypted data. The proposed algorithm is integrated with elagmal cryptography and it does not require fake transactions. In this way, the proposed algorithm improves the data protection as well as query privacy and it hides data frequency. Result analysis shows that the proposed algorithm improves the privacy as compared to previously proposed association rule mining and the algorithm also shows 3% to 5% improvement in performance when compared to other existing algorithms. This performance analysis with varying number of the data and fake transactions shows that the proposed algorithm doesn’t require fake transactions, like data privacy association rule mining.</span>
Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, and Diabetes: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Qin , Wu Shouling , Wang Anxin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Whether the combination of different blood pressure and arterial stiffness (AS) status is independently associated with diabetes has not been fully investigated so far. This study aimed at investigating the status of hypertension and AS in determining diabetes.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study included 11 156 participants from the Kailuan study. AS was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. We compared the risk of diabetes between individuals with ideal vascular function (defined as normotension with normal AS), normotension with elevated AS, hypertension with normal AS, and hypertension with elevated AS.

Results:
After a median follow-up of 6.16 years, diabetes occurred in 768 participants. Compared with ideal vascular function group, the highest risk of diabetes was observed in hypertension with elevated AS group (hazard ratio, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.93–3.03]), followed by normotension with elevated AS group (hazard ratio, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.68–2.66]), hypertension with normal AS group exhibited the lowest risk of diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.08–2.02]). Multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses yielded similar results. Furthermore, the additional of AS to a conventional model including traditional risk factors had a higher incremental effect on the predictive value for diabetes than the addition of hypertension (the C statistics was 0.707 versus 0.695; the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.65% versus 0.28%; net reclassification improvement was 40.48% versus 34.59%).

Conclusions:
Diabetes is associated with not only hypertension but also AS. Additionally, AS shows a better predictive ability than hypertension in predicting diabetes.
Day to Day Blood Pressure Variability Associated With Cerebral Arterial Dilation and White Matter Hyperintensity
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Huo Yajing , Yang Zidong , Lv Huihui , Wang Yilin , Feng Jianfeng , Han Yan , Wang He 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Previous studies suggested blood pressure variability (BPV) might help reveal interactions between blood pressure fluctuation and white matter lesions, and the impact of elevated BPV on white matter hyperintensity (WMH) or cerebral arterial dilation is unclear.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study involved 2634 stroke-free individuals (68.6±11.1 years, 50.3% female), who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography scans, from a single center in Shanghai, China. Measurements for variability of blood pressure were made based on 7 days blood pressure recordings. WMHs were quantified from T2-FLAIR images and further classified as periventricular WMH or deep WMH. M1 segment of middle cerebral artery dilation was assessed from magnetic resonance angiography images. General linear model was used to examine the associations.

Results:

Both increased systolic and diastolic BPV were associated with increased WMH volume (systolic:
β
=0.02 [95% CI, 0.004–0.03],
P
=0.01; diastolic:
β
=0.05 [95% CI, 0.03–0.08],
P
<0.001). Only periventricular WMH was associated with BPV (systolic:
β
=0.02 [95% CI, 0.005–0.04],
P
=0.01; diastolic:
β
=0.06 [95% CI, 0.04–0.09],
P
<0.001). MCA dilation was found in 125 individuals (4.75%). Systolic BPV was associated with MCA dilation only in the hypertensive individuals (
β
=0.11 [95% CI, 0.06–0.17],
P
<0.001). Increased WMH volume was found associated with dilated MCA (
β
=0.17 [95% CI, 0.11–0.23],
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Increased BPV might be one of the pathophysiological phenomena involving in the small vessel disease independent of hypertension. Increased BPV might independently contribute to intracranial arterial dilation. Management of BPV might be a target to preserve cerebrovascular wellness.
Changepoint Detection: An Analysis of the Central England Temperature Series
Authors: Shi Xueheng , Beaulieu Claudie , Killick Rebecca , Lund Robert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a statistical analysis of structural changes in the Central England temperature series, one of the longest surface temperature records available. A changepoint analysis is performed to detect abrupt changes, which can be regarded as a preliminary step before further analysis is conducted to identify the causes of the changes (e.g., artificial, human-induced, or natural variability). Regression models with structural breaks, including mean and trend shifts, are fitted to the series and compared via two commonly used multiple changepoint penalized likelihood criteria that balance model fit quality (as measured by likelihood) against parsimony considerations. Our changepoint model fits, with independent and short-memory errors, are also compared with a different class of models termed long-memory models that have been previously used by other authors to describe persistence features in temperature series. In the end, the optimal model is judged to be one containing a changepoint in the late 1980s, with a transition to an intensified warming regime. This timing and warming conclusion is consistent across changepoint models compared in this analysis. The variability of the series is not found to be significantly changing, and shift features are judged to be more plausible than either short- or long-memory autocorrelations. The final proposed model is one including trend shifts (both intercept and slope parameters) with independent errors. The analysis serves as a walk-through tutorial of different changepoint techniques, illustrating what can be statistically inferred.
Adapting the Short Grit Scale with Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling for Portuguese College Students
Authors: Frontini Roberta , Monteiro Diogo , Rodrigues Filipe , Matos Rui , Antunes Raúl 
Published: June 2022

The Short Grit Scale (Grit–S) is a self- and informant-report version of the longer Grit Scale, and it retains the 2-factor structure of the original scale. Our purpose in this research was to measure trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals by translating and validating the Grit-S for Portuguese respondents. Our participants were 572 college students (135 female, 437 male; age range 18–30 years, M age = 21.47, SD = 2.29 years) from twelve Portuguese universities. Our data confirmed the scale’s two-factor structure (“consistency of interests” and “perseverance of effort”) and demonstrated appropriate adjustment values (CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.981, SRMR = 0.017, RMSEA = 0.001, CI90%= 0.000–0.041). We found the adapted scale to be invariant for sex. Use of the scale confirmed an association between grit and well-being. These results imply that other investigators and practitioners interested in this scale may now apply it with Portuguese young adults.
Which Frequency of Ankle Pump Exercise Should Be Chosen for the Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Authors: Li Haiyan , Zhang Wei , Lu Qingsheng , Wang Jinping , Zhi Yanru , Zhang Lingjuan , Zhou Lanshu 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Ankle pump exercise (APE) is an effective method to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. However, traditional APE at a frequency of 3 times/min applied in the clinic lacked high compliance, and individuals were found to prefer an APE of 30 times/min. This study aimed to compare the effects of APEs with the above two different frequencies on the venous hemodynamics and fatigue of lower extremities. Methods The study applied a randomized cross-over design, and 307 healthy adults were randomly assigned into two groups, whose left feet performed 5 minutes of traditional APE (3 times/min, after 10 minutes of rest) and 5 minutes of selected APE (30 times/min, after 10 minutes of rest) in different orders. The diameters and blood flow velocities of the external iliac vein, femoral vein, and popliteal vein of the left extremities were recorded with the color doppler ultrasound when participants were at rest and after 5 minutes of traditional or selected APE. The fatigue of lower extremities was assessed with the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after the participants performed 5 minutes of different APEs. Results After both traditional APE and selected APE, the diameters and blood flow (peak systolic) velocities of the external iliac vein, femoral vein, and popliteal vein increased significantly in the participants (P<.01), and the effects of the two APEs on venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities had no significant difference (P>.05). However, participants reported that traditional APE caused higher fatigue, and 252 (82.1%) participants preferred APE at 30 times/min. Conclusion Both traditional and selected APE could increase venous blood flow in the lower extremity. Despite the equivalent effects, the selected APE of 30 times/min may cause less fatigue than the traditional one of 3 times/min.
Early Impacts of COVID-19 on Select Hospices: Operations, Care Delivery, and Service Utilization
Authors: Shugarman Lisa R. , McMillan Lindsay , Mitchell Hayley , Shah Komal , Kirby Ted , McManus Richard , Woods Katherine , Landefeld Shannon L. 
Published: June 2022

Objective The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) has important implications for health care service delivery. Little is understood about how the PHE impacted community-based hospice providers and service delivery to hospice-eligible beneficiaries. The aim of this study was to describe hospice response to the PHE and correlated impacts on beneficiary receipt of hospice support services delivered to hospice-eligible beneficiaries participating in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Care Choices Model (MCCM), a national model testing the provision of certain hospice-like supportive services with concurrent usual care among seriously ill, community-residing Medicare beneficiaries that have not elected to receive hospice care. Methods We employed descriptive analysis using concurrent qualitative and quantitative data sources, consisting of provider surveys, beneficiary-level encounter data submitted by hospices, and Medicare administrative claims describing beneficiary service utilization. The sample included both hospice providers (N = 82) and beneficiaries (N = 2294) voluntarily participating in MCCM. Results Nearly all participating MCCM hospices adopted operational changes to address their staff and beneficiaries’ safety during the COVID-19 PHE. We report changes to service delivery, including declines in total encounters as well as service modality, and the types of services provided. Conclusions While the analyses reported indicate that seriously ill Medicare beneficiaries participating in MCCM were directly impacted by the PHE, we are still unclear whether changes in the service modality and encounters by provider type and the decline in average service counts per beneficiary are driven more by hospices or by beneficiary decisions to minimize exposure. Future research should attempt to disentangle these factors.
Pontine and Cerebellar Development in Low-Birthweight Infants at Term-Equivalent Age
Authors: Hayakawa Katsumi , Tanda Koichi , Nishimura Akira , Kinoshita Daisuke , Nishimoto Masakazu , Yoshida Mariko , Kizaki Zenro , Ohno Koji 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Pontine and cerebellar developments were investigated in low-birthweight (LBW) infants at term-equivalent age (TEA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Materials: The study subjects were a consecutive series of LBW infants born with a birthweight of <1,500 g. Among them, 51 neonates with an extremely low birthweight (ELBW) and 65 neonates with a very low birthweight (VLBW) infants underwent MRI exam at TEA. We measured the pontine anteroposterior diameter (APD), cerebellar vermian APD and height, and cerebellar transverse width using midline sagittal and axial T1 weighted images. Twenty term neonates with neonatal asphyxia showing a normal pattern and white matter injury on MRI exam served as a control group. Gender differences in these parameters were compared among the LBW groups. Result: Pontine APD in the ELBW group was significantly less than that in the control group. Cerebellar vermian APD and height were similar among the 3 groups. However, cerebellar transverse width was significantly less in the LBW groups than in the control group. A significant gender-related difference in pontine APD was evident, but cerebellar measurements showed no significant gender difference. Conclusion: LBW infants showed significantly developmental delay in terms of pontine APD and cerebellar width. A sex difference in pontine growth was evident among LBW infants.
‘Is hearing believing?’: A study of voices and beliefs in psychosis and trauma
Authors: Rajanthiran Leon , Curtis Guy , Ayalde Jeremiah , Orr Kenneth , Melvill-Smith Peter , Banerjee Amit , Schenk Meta , Wearne Deborah 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study compared voice characteristics and beliefs in participants diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with dissociation, schizophrenia (SCZ) and both diagnoses of SCZ and PTSD. The relationship between dissociation and voice beliefs was also assessed. Method We identified 56 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD with dissociation, SCZ or both diagnoses (PTSD + SCZ) who also experienced auditory hallucinations. Measures included PTSD Symptoms Scales Interview (PSSI-5), Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRAT), Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Beliefs about voices were similar across diagnostic groups. Participants with SCZ were more likely to attribute their voices to an external origin, and participants with dual diagnosis were less able to control their voices. The PTSD-only group scored higher in dissociation scores than either the SCZ-only or dual diagnosis group. Malevolent voice appraisals correlated with dissociation scores only in the dual diagnosis group. Conclusions This research supports the hypothesis that voice beliefs are similar across diagnoses of PTSD and SCZ. However, differences in voice characteristics, emotional responses and relationship to dissociation may need to be considered in the psychological management of voices.
Protein-Ligand Identification and In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cathine on 11 Major Human Drug Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s
Authors: Lim Sharoen Y. M. , Loo Jason Siau Ee , Alshagga Mustafa , Alshawsh Mohammed A. , Ong Chin E. , Pan Yan 
Published: June 2022

Cathine is the stable form of cathinone, the major active compound found in khat ( Catha edulis Forsk) plant. Khat was found to inhibit major phase I drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities in vitro and in vivo. With the upsurge of khat consumption and the potential use of cathine to combat obesity, efforts should be channelled into understanding potential cathine-drug interactions, which have been rather limited. The present study aimed to assess CYPs activity and inhibition by cathine in a high-throughput in vitro fluorescence-based enzyme assay and molecular docking analysis to identify how cathine interacts within various CYPs’ active sites. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of cathine determined for CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 were 80 and 90 μM, while CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 showed no significant inhibition. Furthermore, in Ki analysis, the Lineweaver-Burk plots depicted non-competitive mixed inhibition of cathine on both CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 with Ki value of 63 and 100 μM, respectively. Cathine showed negligible time-dependent inhibition on CYPs. Further, molecular docking studies showed that cathine was bound to CYP2A6 via hydrophobic, hydrogen and π-stacking interactions and formed hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds with active site residues in CYP3A4. Both molecular docking prediction and in vitro outcome are in agreement, granting more detailed insights for predicting CYPs metabolism besides the possible cathine-drug interactions. Cathine-drug interactions may occur with concomitant consumption of khat or cathine-containing products with medications metabolized by CYP2A6 and CYP3A4.