bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Hospitalization Among Patients Who Receive a Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Islek Duygu , Ali Mohammed K. , Manatunga Amita , Alonso Alvaro , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: September 2022

Background
Timely hospitalization of patients who are diagnosed with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the emergency department (ED) is a crucial step to lower the risk of ACS mortality. We examined whether there are racial and ethnic differences in the risk of being discharged home among patients who received a diagnostic code of ACS at the ED and whether having health insurance plays a role.

Methods and Results

We examined 51 022 910 discharge records of ED visits in Florida, New York, and Utah in the years 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016/2017 using state‐specific data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We identified ED admissions for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina using the
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
)/
International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) diagnostic codes. We used generalized estimating equation models to compare the risk of being discharged home across racial and ethnic groups. We used Poisson marginal structural models to estimate the mediating role of health insurance status. The proportion discharged home with a diagnostic code of ACS was 12% among Black patients, 6% among White patients, 9% among Hispanic patients, and 9% among Asian/Pacific Islander patients. The incidence risk ratio for being discharged home was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.18–1.34) in Black patients, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.15–1.32) in Hispanic patients, and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.31) in Asian/Pacific Islander patients compared with White patients. Race and ethnicity were marginally associated with discharge home via pathways not mediated by health insurance.

Conclusions
Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the hospitalization of patients who received a diagnostic code of ACS in the ED. Possible causes need to be investigated.
Depression or Anxiety According to Management Modalities in Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Lim Yong Cheol , Lee Eunyoung , Song Jihye 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, the risk was usually estimated by objective neurological sequelae. However, their effects on depression and anxiety are rare and remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate the risk of depression and anxiety in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm stratified by management strategies in a population-based, longitudinal cohort study.

Methods:
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database, 71 750 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms between 2008 and 2011 were identified and followed up until the end of 2020. The risk of depression and anxiety was compared among management strategies with respect to age, sex, and medical comorbidities.

Results:

The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the treatment (clipping and endovascular treatment) group developed depression more frequently than the observation group (
P
<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07–1.15) in the treatment group. According to the management modality, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that clipping and endovascular treatment groups developed depression more frequently than the observation group (
P
<0.0001). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10–1.21) for clipping and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02–1.12) for endovascular treatment. The depression risk was higher with advanced age (hazard ratio for 45–64 years, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.29–1.45] and hazard ratio for ≥65 years, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.92–2.17]). The risk for anxiety did not differ among the management modalities.

Conclusions:
In this study, the risk of depression was slightly greater after clipping surgery than endovascular treatment. Data on treatment-related, long-term psychological outcomes, such as depression, may aid decision-making for preventive treatment of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysm patients.
Ability of Radiomics Versus Humans in Predicting First‐Pass Effect After Endovascular Treatment in the ESCAPE‐NA1 Trial
Authors: Bala Fouzi , Qiu Wu , Zhu Kairan , Kappelhof Manon , Cimflova Petra , Kim Beom Joon , McDonough Rosalie , Singh Nishita , Kashani Nima , Zhang Jianhai , Najm Mohamed , Ospel Johanna M. , Wadhwa Ankur , Nogueira Raul G. , McTaggart Ryan A. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Zerna Charlotte , Joshi Manish , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. , Menon Bijoy K. ,   for the ESCAPE‐NA1 Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background
First‐pass effect (FPE), that is, achieving reperfusion with a single thrombectomy device pass, is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke. FPE is therefore increasingly used as a marker of device and procedural efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the ability of thrombus‐based radiomics models to predict FPE in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy and compare performance with experts and nonradiomics thrombus characteristics.

Methods
Patients with thin‐slice noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography from the ESCAPE‐NA1 (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) trial were included. Thrombi were manually segmented on all images. Data were randomly split into a derivation set that included a training and a validation subset and an independent test set. Radiomics features were extracted from the derivation set. The machine learning models were compared with 3 expert stroke physicians in predicting FPE in the test set using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

Thin‐slice images of 554 patients were divided into a derivation set (training [n=388] and validation [n=55]) and a test set (n=111). A radiomics model using the combination of noncontrast computed tomography, computed tomography angiography, and noncontrast computed tomography–computed tomography angiography difference achieved the highest performance (area under the curve, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.64–0.84]) for prediction of FPE. This was higher than the mean area under the curve of the 3 experts (0.62 [95% CI, 0.53–0.71],
P
=0.01 for difference in area under the curves). The radiomics model also performed better than nonradiomics‐based thrombus features such as volume and permeability measurements in predicting FPE (
P
<0.05). Addition of device type did not improve the performance of the chosen radiomics model in predicting FPE.

Conclusion
A radiomics‐based machine learning model of thrombus characteristics from noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography performs better than experts and traditional nonradiomics imaging features in predicting FPE in patients with acute stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy.
ProoFVer: Natural Logic Theorem Proving for Fact Verification
Authors: Krishna Amrith , Riedel Sebastian , Vlachos Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fact verification systems typically rely on neural network classifiers for veracity prediction, which lack explainability. This paper proposes ProoFVer, which uses a seq2seq model to generate natural logic-based inferences as proofs. These proofs consist of lexical mutations between spans in the claim and the evidence retrieved, each marked with a natural logic operator. Claim veracity is determined solely based on the sequence of these operators. Hence, these proofs are faithful explanations, and this makes ProoFVer faithful by construction. Currently, ProoFVer has the highest label accuracy and the second best score in the FEVER leaderboard. Furthermore, it improves by 13.21% points over the next best model on a dataset with counterfactual instances, demonstrating its robustness. As explanations, the proofs show better overlap with human rationales than attention-based highlights and the proofs help humans predict model decisions correctly more often than using the evidence directly.1
Modeling Non-Cooperative Dialogue: Theoretical and Empirical Insights
Authors: Sicilia Anthony , Maidment Tristan , Healy Pat , Alikhani Malihe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Investigating cooperativity of interlocutors is central in studying pragmatics of dialogue. Models of conversation that only assume cooperative agents fail to explain the dynamics of strategic conversations. Thus, we investigate the ability of agents to identify non-cooperative interlocutors while completing a concurrent visual-dialogue task. Within this novel setting, we study the optimality of communication strategies for achieving this multi-task objective. We use the tools of learning theory to develop a theoretical model for identifying non-cooperative interlocutors and apply this theory to analyze different communication strategies. We also introduce a corpus of non-cooperative conversations about images in the GuessWhat?! dataset proposed by De Vries et al. (2017). We use reinforcement learning to implement multiple communication strategies in this context and find that empirical results validate our theory.
Beyond Effectiveness
Authors: Coe Brooke , Spandler Kilian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Why do Southeast Asian states use regional mechanisms for disaster relief? From a conventional functionalist perspective, inadequate domestic-level responses to emergencies create a demand for scaled-up governance. This article offers an alternative interpretation of disaster cooperation in Southeast Asia. Drawing on theoretical insights from comparative regionalism and critical disaster studies, it argues that the raison d’être of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) is to empower ASEAN states vis-à-vis extraregional humanitarian actors. The AHA Centre works to enable Member States to gatekeep intrusive extraregional aid and, ultimately, to transform authority relations in the international humanitarian system in favor of state actors that have traditionally found themselves in a peripheral and passive role.
Policy Advice in UN Development Work
Authors: Baumann Max-Otto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Providing high-level policy advice to developing countries with the purpose to shape national policies is a key function of the UN. Yet no official UN definition of policy advice exists and little is known on how much weight the UN gives to this support modality in contrast to capacity-building and implementation work. To address this gap, this article first articulates the case for the UN’s role in policy change. It then presents an empirical analysis of the policy advice landscape of the UN, providing a numerical estimate of the share of resources dedicated to policy advice and identifying five practical constraints on the UN’s policy advice function. Results suggest that, despite high expectations, the UN’s fieldwork is not strategically focused on policy advice. This article contributes to the underresearched field of UN development work and how it is, or should be, shaped by the UN’s multilateralism.
Climate Change and Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Coastal Carolinas: Perspectives from Wastewater Managers
Authors: Vorhees Lauren , Harrison Jane , O’Driscoll Michael , Humphrey Charles , Bowden Jared 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nearly one-half of the residents of North and South Carolina use decentralized or onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS). As the climate changes, coastal communities relying on OWTS are particularly vulnerable, as soil-based wastewater treatment may be reduced by water inundation from storm surge, sea level rise and associated groundwater rise, and heavy rainfall. Despite the vulnerabilities of OWTS to increased precipitation and sea level rise, there is little known about how onsite wastewater managers are responding to current and future climate risks. We conducted interviews with wastewater operators and installers and health regulators to understand the functioning, management, and regulation of OWTS in the current climate, challenges with rising sea levels and increases in extreme weather events, and what adaptation strategies could be implemented to mitigate negative impacts. Our results indicate that heavy precipitation and storm surges cause malfunctions for conventional septic systems where traditional site variables (e.g., soil type or groundwater level) are undesirable. Weather and climate are not required regulatory factors to consider in system selection and site approval, but many OWTS managers are aware of their impacts on the functioning of systems, and some are preemptively taking action to mitigate those impacts. Our findings suggest that filling gaps in the current communication structure between regulators and homeowners relying on OWTS is critical for coastal communities in the Carolinas to build climate resilience into decentralized wastewater infrastructure.

Significance Statement
This research aims to understand the functioning, management, and regulation of onsite wastewater treatment systems in the current climate, the challenges to these systems caused by rising sea levels and increases in extreme weather events, and the adaptation strategies that can be implemented to mitigate negative climate impacts. These results can be used by state government agencies, municipalities, and private sector wastewater managers to improve the resiliency of onsite wastewater treatment systems.
The Impact of Climate Disasters on the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from China
Authors: Chu Xiaojun , Xu Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change increases the probability and intensity of disaster and brings adverse impacts on social and economic activities. This paper presents the impact of climate risk on the cost of equity capital (COE) and sheds light on the influence mechanisms and moderating factors between climate disaster shocks and the COE in a developing country. We first explain how climate risk represented by drought impacts the COE theoretically. Using the sample data listed in A-share market from 2004 to 2019, we find that drought leads to the rise of the COE due to the deterioration of information environment and the rise of business risk. Specifically, the influence mechanism is tested, and the results show that 1) drought increases firms’ real earnings management 2) and drought has a negative impact on the firms’ return on asset (ROA). Namely, the influence mechanism of drought on the COE is that drought changes the firms’ information environment and business activities. Further analysis shows that the impact of drought on the COE is different in a heterogeneous firm. The drought has a significant impact on the COE in firms with low-ability managers, state-owned enterprises, and politically connected firms, but the impact is not significant in firms with high-ability managers, non-state-owned enterprises, and nonpolitically connected firms. Our research helps people to understand the consequences of climate change from the microeconomic-level firm’s perspective.
A vehicle-bridge interaction vibration model considering bridge deck pavement
Authors: Ren Jianying , Chen Yuhang , Sun Zhiqi , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

The bridge pavement subjected to vehicle loads is the most vulnerable component in the highway bridge and overloaded vehicles can result in serious damage to the bridge pavement more easily. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the pavement in vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) system. However, the bridge pavement is not considered in the traditional VBI system or the viscoelasticity of bridge pavement is ignored. In this study, a new vehicle-pavement-bridge interaction (VPBI) system is established. The viscoelastic asphalt pavement is simulated with the continuously and uniformly distributed spring-damper. The equivalent stiffness coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the pavement are determined through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test and finite element method. The equations of motion for VPBI system can be derived using Lagrange equation and the modal superposition method. Then the crucial parameters such as displacement at mid-span of bridge, acceleration of vehicle body, tire contact force, and pavement deformation are obtained. The effects of vehicle velocity, bridge span, tire contact area, pavement stiffness coefficient, and pavement damping coefficient on VPBI responses are analyzed. The results show that (1) The pavement is compressive during vehicle passing bridge and its dynamic deformation fluctuates around initially static deformation of pavement. (2) Increasing the stiffness of pavement can rapidly reduce the deformation of pavement, while the pavement damping has the opposite effect. (3) The increase of bridge span can conduct exponentially growth of dynamic responses of VPBI system. The pavement deformation will increase by 7.9% if the bridge span is lengthened by 5 m. This study provides a reliability response analysis method for VPBI system.
A review on developments of in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of hybrid PCL-based natural polymers nanofibers scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering
Authors: Kazemzadeh Gholamhosein , Jirofti Nafiseh , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hosein , Rajabioun Masoud , Alamdaran Seyed Ali , Mohebbi-Kalhori Davod , Mirbagheri Mahnaz Sadat , Taheri Reza 
Published: September 2022

The main objective of the present review article is to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility behavior of hybrid PCL-based scaffolds with collagen, gelatin, and chitosan to improve endothelialization for VTE applications. It is reported that the high-rate failure of small diameters vascular grafts (SDVGs, <6 mm) due to adhesion of platelets and plasma protein and aggregation, over-proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and neointimal hyperplasia at the implantation site is main challenge in vascular tissue engineering (VTE). The fast re-establishment of a functional endothelial cell (EC) layer representing a crucial importance strategy has been proposed to reduce these adverse outcomes. Polycaprolactone (PCL), with optimum mechanical properties, it showed great potential in biomedical applications, but its biocompatibility is still highly concerned in VTE. Modifications of the PCL vascular grafts by developing the hybrid structures using natural polymers with optimum hydrophilicity and biocompatibility properties in order to speed up the re-endothelialization process have been proposed over the last years. Analyzing the mentioned results in the present study can offer a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of applying the natural polymer as a thrombotic response upon implantation in clinical trials. Also, it can suggest the PCL-Collagen as the best framework for the fabrication of rationally designed SDVGs for VTE.
Hormesis and Epidermal Stem Cells
Authors: Calabrese Edward J. , Calabrese Vittorio 
Published: September 2022

This paper provides an assessment of hormetic dose responses in epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) in animal models and humans, with emphasis on cell proliferation and differentiation and application to wound healing and aging processes. Hormetic dose responses were induced by several agents, including dietary supplements (eg, luteolin, quercetin), pharmaceuticals (eg, nitric oxide), endogenous agents (eg, growth/differentiation factor 5), and via diverse chemical means to sustain steaminess features to retard aging and disease onset. While hormetic dose responses have been extensively reported in a broad spectrum of stem cells, this area has only been explored to a limited extent in EpSCs, principally within the past 5 years. Nonetheless, these findings provide the first integrated assessment of hormesis and EpSC biology within the context of enhancing key functions such as cell proliferation and differentiation and resilience to inflammatory stresses. This paper assesses putative mechanisms of hormetic responses in EpSCs and potential therapeutic applications to prevent dermatological injury and disease.
Repeat-induced abortion and associated factors among reproductive-age women seeking abortion services in South Ethiopia
Authors: Geta Girma , Seyoum Kenbon , Gomora Degefa , Kene Chala , Tsegaye Berhan , Tenaw Zelalem 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Despite the advances in modern health care, maternal morbidity and mortality remain major problems in Ethiopia. Repeat-induced abortion is an indispensable contributor to this problem. Even though there are adverse effects on health, a significant proportion of Ethiopian women procure more than one abortion during their reproductive lifetime. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of repeat-induced abortion in South Ethiopia, in 2020. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design and a systematic random sampling technique were used to collect data from 410 samples of women. Data were collected using pre-tested and semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.6.2.0 before being exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in binary logistic regressions were exported into multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to declare statistical significance. Result: The prevalence of repeat-induced abortion was found to be 35.4% (95% confidence interval = 30.7–40). Not facing a complication in prior abortion care, having more than two partners in the last 12 preceding months, perceiving abortion procedure as non-painful, having a sexual debut before the age of 18 years, and consuming alcohol have higher odds of repeat-induced abortion when compared with their counterparts. Conclusion: The prevalence of repeat-induced abortion in Hawassa city is high compared to studies conducted in other parts of Ethiopia. Not facing complications during previous abortion care, perceiving the abortion procedure as non-painful, alcohol consumption, having multiple sexual partners, and having a sexual debut before the age of 18 years are found to increase the chance of repeat-induced abortion.
Clinical and radiological outcome of all-suture anchors in shoulder and elbow surgery
Authors: Ideler Nick , De Mesel Annelien , Vercruysse Loïc , Declercq Geert , van Riet Roger , Verborgt Olivier 
Published: September 2022

Background All-suture anchors (ASAs) are noted to cause various bone reactions when used in upper limb surgery but clinical implications are unknown. Methods 88 shoulders and 151 elbows with a mean follow-up of 47.1 ± 17.7 months were invited for follow-up including clinical examination, questionnaires and radiographs. The anchor drill holes were radiographically assessed. Results At final follow up, mean DASH was 12.9 ± 13.8 and mean VAS 2.2 ± 2.4 in the shoulder population. In the elbow group mean MEPS was 91.8 ± 12.7 and mean VAS 1.5 ± 1.9. Implant-specific complications were seen in 10 elbow cases but none in the shoulder group. The mean diameter of the 1.4 mm all-suture anchor drill hole was enlarged to 2.5 ± 1.4 mm in the shoulder group and to 2.9 ± 1.0 mm in the elbow group. 50% of the 1.4 mm anchor drill holes showed abnormal morphology but these morphologic changes did not correlate with clinical outcome, complications or reoperation rate. Discussion Satisfying clinical outcomes are found in upper limb surgery using ASAs. Various bone changes are seen after implantation of an ASA, but these are not clinically relevant. Long-term consecutive follow-up data is required.