bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esotropia management: outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Lajmi Houda , Choura Racem , Hmaied Wassim , El Fekih Lamia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to study the epidemiological and the clinical characteristics of esotropia, to report the results of the medico‐surgical management, and to analyze the various factors that may influence the postoperative prognosis.MethodsMedical records of 130 patients who underwent esotropia surgery between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Ophthalmological examination and complete sensorimotor assessment were performed for each patient. All surgeries were made by the same surgeon. We operated simultaneously on the horizontal and vertical elements. Total optical correction and amblyopia treatment were started before surgery. We studied the influence of certain prognostic factors on motor outcome, such as strabismus type, age at the onset, delay of surgical management, degree of amblyopia, preoperative deviation angle, and a vertical syndrome presence.ResultsThe mean age was 8 ± 4.20 years. Our patients had infantile esotropia in 52.3% of cases. The age of strabismus onset was 2 years ± 2.2 years on average. Our patients had amblyopia in 70.7% of cases. A bilateral medial rectus muscle recession was performed in half of our patients with an associated Faden operation in 46.2%. We obtained a motor success rate of 85.38% after a single operation and a global success rate of 91.54%. A stable fusion and stereoscopic vision were present in only 4.6% of cases preoperatively and 6.92% of cases postoperatively. Surgical dosage and postoperative day 1 angle were significantly associated with motor outcome (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001).ConclusionsEsotropia represents 83.3% of all strabismus. The infantile esotropia group had the worst motor and sensory status. Concerning the surgical protocol, the vertical syndrome is often operated on the same time as the horizontal deviation. Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession is the most practiced surgery. Unilateral surgery of recession/plication is indicated for deviations between 30 and 45 diopters and in the case of amblyopia. Bilateral surgery on 3 horizontal muscles is indicated in deviations of more than 45 diopters. Faden operation is indicated in angle variability of more than 15 diopters. The success rate for convergent strabismus varies between 48 to 90%.
OCT retinal imaging as differential diagnostic tool between Parkinson disease and essential tremor
Authors: Castro‐Roger Luisa , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Satue Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate neuroretinal measurements in Parkinson disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients, and to compare results with healthy controls.MethodsA total of 214 subjects (214 eyes) were included in our study (146 healthy controls, 42 PD patients and 26 ET patients). Retinal examination in the peripapillary zone and the macular zone (retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] and ganglion cell layer [GCL] thickness) was performed for each subject using Swept source ocular coherence tomography (OCT) Triton and Spectralis OCT. Additionally, macular vascularization was analysed with OCT angiography (OCT‐A).ResultsA significant reduction in the peripapillary RNFL and CGL was observed in PD patients compared to ET patients (p < 0.001). Also, the RNFL in the macular area was significantly thinner in PD patients compared to ET (p < 0.001).ET patients showed significant thinning in both GCL and RNFL compared with controls only in nasal sectors (p < 0.001) Although vascularisation showed higher density in healthy controls compared to PD and ET, this parameter did not reach significance levels. According to the correlation analysis, global OCT angiography was associated inversely with disease duration in PD (r = −0.600; p = 0.018). Logistic regression analysis was performed, obtaining two linear discriminant functions (LDF) for differencing PD from ET or controls. These LDF included density of OCT‐A and GCL macular thickness (for Triton OCT) and RNFL peripapillary thickness (for Spectralis). They yielded a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.796 (p = 0.020) for Triton OCT; and 0.627 (p = 0.033) for Spectralis OCT.ConclusionsBoth PD and ET present retinal thinning compared with healthy controls. However, compared to ET, PD has a higher decrease affecting more areas of the RNFL and GCL, which might help differentiate both diseases. Considering the fact that OCT test is non‐invasive, quick and mostly available in every ophthalmological clinic, it could be considered as a potential tool for differential diagnosis between these two entities.
Retinal nerve fiber layer and optical coherence tomography angiography analysis in fibromyalgia using logistic regression
Authors: Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Altabás María José Vicente , Satue Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) and the vascular density (VD) at the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) of the retina of patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) using Optical coherence tomography‐Angiography (OCT‐A) and to compare results with measurements of healthy eyes.MethodsFifty eyes of 50 patients with FM were included and compared with 232 healthy eyes. All subjects underwent peripapillary and macular RNFL thickness evaluation and macular SVP VD assessment using swept source OCT Triton and its OCTA module (Topcon, Japan). Both groups were compared, and the statistically significant different variables were used to create a logistic regression model. A Linear Discriminant Function (LDF) and its receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was obtained from the model.ResultsStatistically significant thinning was found at the peripapillary (temporal, p = 0.006; and supero‐temporal, p = 0.026) and macular (inferior, p = 0.029) RNFL thickness in the FM group compared to healthy controls. The best resultant LDF after logistic regression analysis was (Triton: −9.102 + (0.434 * RNFL macular inferior) + (0.088 * peripapillary RNFL nasal sector) – (0.220 * peripapillary RNFL temporal sector) showing a ROC curve with an area under curve (AUC) equal to 0.758. On the other hand, the SVP VD obtained with OCT‐A showed no statistically significant differences between groups in any of the analyzed areas (central p = 0.788; nasal p = 0.165; inferior p = 0.073; temporal p = 0.250; superior p = 0.538) so the data were not included in the regression analysisConclusionsFM patients present a reduction in the RNFL thickness compared to controls. The RNFL measurements might be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of FM, complementing the current criteria based on clinical symptoms. However, it is necessary to explore the different imaging protocols to include them into a more robust statistical model.
The incidence and characteristics of Charles Bonnet syndrome in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy in a large cohort
Authors: Kreimei Mohammad , Karanjia Rustum , Mollanji Eisi , Poincenot Lissa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the incidence and characteristics of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) in patients with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) via an online questionnaire shared with the LHON patient community.MethodsA recently validated French‐Canadian CBS screening questionnaire was adapted to an online bilingual (English‐French) format while being tailored to LHON patients. It was distributed to numerous mailing lists and online communities consisting of LHON patients. The 62‐item questionnaire was organized into 3 parts to cover 9 dimensions: Demographics, Screening questions for CBS, Characteristics of hallucinations, Psychological impact, Psychopathological origin, Coping strategies, Context of appearance of hallucinations, Time‐related matters, Psychosocial support. Quantitative and qualitative response data were used for cross‐sectional analysis.ResultsA total of 63 LHON patients (71% male) completed the questionnaire – with 56% screening positive for CBS. Comparing CBS‐positive and CBS‐negative patients revealed significantly different LHON mutation distributions (p = 0.01137).Among CBS‐positive patients, 74% reported experiencing hallucinations for at least one year. Furthermore, 37% said the images disturb their sleep, while 49% reported they negatively affect their mood. Additionally, only 49% had heard of CBS before and just a single patient (3%) had been diagnosed with CBS by a healthcare professional.ConclusionsThe results show there is a significant prevalence of CBS among LHON patients, but only a minority of these patients are being assessed and managed for the condition. There is also an indication that CBS tends to be long‐lasting and can be associated with various negative health outcomes. Early diagnosis and counseling of patients are important to help alleviate stress and anxiety related to CBS and improve quality of life.
When angle alpha modifies the visual aspect of an ocular deviation
Authors: Rateaux Maxence , Bremond‐Gignac Dominique , Robert Matthieu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeOcular optics relies on several specific axes and angles. Angle alpha is the angle between the optical and the visual axes while the angle kappa is formed by the pupillary and the visual axes. The literature reports a non‐null angle kappa range between 1,91° ± 0,14° and 5,73° ± 0,10° in the healthy population. There is a positive correlation between the both angles. High positive angles can be found in high hypermetropia or genetic disorders such as albinism and aniridia. In strabological practice, a high angle can modify the visual aspect of the strabismus. A failed strabismus screening and divergence between visual appearance and Prism Covert Test (PCT) measurement can result from the presence of a high angle. We aim to purpose a classification of the visual appearance of the strabismus according to the PCT and the angle alpha value.MethodsPatients were recruited in the ophthalmology department. For each patient, the best corrected visual acuity was performed. Monocular and binocular corneal light reflex was evaluated and the ocular deviation was measured by PCT. Monocular picture with flash was realized. The angle alpha was calculated using the algorithm developed in the department.ResultsWe report a case series of five patients (3 boys and 2 girls) exhibiting an esotropia. Age range was 5.5 to 19 years‐old (med = 15, sd = 5.77). Esotropia range was 8 to 90∆ (med = 30, sd = 32.27) and angle alpha range was 8.37° to 26.49° (med = 17.7, sd = 4.93). According to values of angle alpha and strabismus deviation, five categories of visual aspect can be defined.ConclusionsAccording to the angle value, a confusion between the visual aspect and the ocular deviation measurement can modify the diagnosis of strabismus. Five categories of visual aspect could be described. Then, the digital assessment of the angle alpha is a new tool which combined to the PCT, will help the practitioner to the correct evaluation of the ocular deviation and the strabismus screening.
Analyzing changes in tear proteins of Sjogren’s syndrome patients with timsTOF pro
Authors: Akkurt Arslan Murat , Kolman Ioannis , Chardonnet Solenne , Pionneau Cedric , Baudouin Christophe , Brignole‐Baudouin Françoise , Kessal Karima 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate changes in the tear proteome of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SSp) using a high‐resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) powered with parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation (PASEF).MethodsTear samples were collected using Schirmer strips from healthy controls (HC) and SSp, then extracted in ammonium bicarbonate. The protein content of each sample was normalized to 250 ng. Proteomics analysis was performed by using TIMS coupled quadrupole time‐of‐flight (timsTOF Pro) followed by data processing using MaxQuant software for protein identification. Differentially expressed proteins were detected by a Limma statistical test with a false discovery rate (FDR)˂1%. Protein Gene Ontology classification was performed by using Panther.ResultsThe proteins identified decreased by 23.9% in SSp compared to HC. Off the proteins identified in SSp, 90% were common with HC while only 68% of the proteins identified in HC were detected in SSp. A total of 175 proteins were significantly modulated in SSp with a fold‐change ≥ 1.5 (p‐value ≤0.05). None of the proteins detected only in SSp was among significantly modulated proteins but 25 proteins identified only in HC were significantly modulated. Catalytic activity (46.9%) and binding proteins (38.5%) formed the major molecular function groups among significantly modulated proteins. Proteins that exhibit binding activity were mainly down‐regulated in SSp while proteins involved in apoptosis such as caspase‐3 and proteasome subunits were up‐regulated. Several oxidoreductase enzymes (18) such as sulfhydryl oxidase‐1, Glutathione peroxidase‐3 and lactoperoxidase have been down‐regulated. Actins, actin‐binding proteins, tubulins, microtubule‐binding proteins were decreased in SSp. These results highlight an alteration in cellular process and antioxidase activity.ConclusionsA large amount of proteins expressed differently in SSp that involve important biological processes and signalling pathways have been revealed. The improved spatial resolution, sensitivity, speed, and specificity of timsTOF Pro can dramatically increase the ability to fully investigate the molecular factors behind the pathophysiology of SS.
Radiological work‐up for proton beam therapy of uveal melanoma patients
Authors: Jaarsma‐Coes Myriam , Marinkovic Marina , Ferreira Teresa , Vu Khanh , van Vught Luc , van Haren Guido , Rodrigues Myra , Klaver Yvonne , Verbist Berit , Luyten Gregorius , Rasch Coen , Beenakker Jan‐Willem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeIn ocular proton beam therapy (PBT), 2.5 mm tantalum clips are surgically sutured near the tumour border for clinical target volume marking. The clip‐tumour distances are assessed peroperative using transillumination, indentation and or fundoscopy. To support the clip localisation, target definition and 3D tumour modelling, a dedicated MRI‐protocol was developed and evaluated.Methods23 consecutive uveal melanoma (UM) patients, planned for PBT, were scanned on a 3T MRI. MRI based clip‐tumour distances were compared with the peroperative measurements. For clips with more than 1mm difference, the most likely origin of this discrepancy was discussed in a multidisciplinary setting.ResultsIn 39/87 (45%) of the clips, both measurements differed more than 1 mm. For the majority of these clips, the MRI showed a larger clip‐tumour distance (n = 30). Largest differences were observed in flat UM (n = 13) where an average absolute difference of 3.9 mm was found. Here, MRI was generally considered less reliable as the extend of flat tumours is difficult to determine on MRI. In 15% of the clips, the discrepancy was attributed to a complex tumour geometry. Here an average absolute difference of 3.2 mm was observed. In these cases 3D imaging provided valuable additional information for the treatment planning. In 10% of the clips, the anterior localized tumour casted a shadow, resulting in an overestimation of the tumour dimensions during surgery, leading to an average absolute difference of 3.7 mm. For these patients, MR‐imaging was considered more reliable as obtaining correct peroperative measurements was difficult.ConclusionsMRI and peroperative measurements were equal in 55% of the cases. For flat UM, MRI generally underestimates tumour dimensions. For complex and anterior UM, MRI‐based clip‐tumour measurements are more reliable, which could result in more accurate target definition, thereby possibly reducing toxicity and improving probability to retain vision.
Decreased docosahexaenoic acid and other specific fatty acids in a mouse model of retinal degeneration
Authors: José Ruiz Pastor María , Kutsyr Oksana , Albertos‐Arranz Henar , Sánchez‐Sáez Xavier , Sánchez‐Castillo Carla , Martínez‐Gil Natalia , Fernández‐Sánchez Laura , Noailles Agustina , Maneu Victoria , Lax Pedro , Cuenca Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeRetinal degeneration compromises retinal metabolism and signaling, including lipid pathways. Fatty acids are highly enriched in the retina and they impact photoreceptor survival. In this study, we aimed to identify fatty acids that could be relevant in retinal degeneration. For this purpose, we analyzed the fatty acid profile of the retina of rd10 mice, model of retinitis pigmentosa.MethodsFatty acids of the retina of C57BL/6J and rd10 mice were extracted by the Folch method and analyzed by GC/MS. Morphological changes were studied by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the retina of rd10 mice, there was a drop of photoreceptor rows compared to healthy retinas. Rhodopsin, a protein expressed in outer segments, was delocalized into the cell bodies of photoreceptors in dystrophic retinas, and axons and outer segments of cones were shortened. In these animals, we found a decrease of specific saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Remarkably, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) experienced a marked drop, leading to a heightening of the n‐3/n‐6 ratio, an indicator of inflammation. We found a positive correlation of cerotic acid, hypogeic acid, and DHA with photoreceptor rows.ConclusionsSpecific saturated and unsaturated fatty acids dropped in retinitis pigmentosa. Remarkably, diminished levels of the omega‐3 DHA could be contributing to the neurodegeneration process due to a shift to pro‐inflammatory pathways and a lack of neuroprotective signals, promoting photoreceptor death. Fatty acids could have decisive roles in the retinal degeneration outcome and should be considered to improve therapy.MICINN‐FEDER PID2019‐106230RB‐I00; RETICS‐FEDER RD16/0008/0016; ACIF/2020/203; IDIFEDER/2017/064; FPU16/04114; FPU18/02964.
Biosimilars of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors for ophthalmic disease – Clinical trial status 2021
Authors: McFadyen James , Votruba Marcela , Muenzberg Michael , Cornes Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeGlobal spending on retinal biologic medicines is expected to reach $28M USD by 2025. The first biosimilars (BioSim) of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors (anti‐VEGF) are expected to launch in Europe in 2022; cutting costs and improving access to treatment. Physician surveys show concerns over Biosimilars – due to abbreviated regulatory pathways with confirmatory clinical trials directed to discover equivalence between drugs and rather than prove primary efficacy and safety. Pooling data from multiple trials permits greater clinical assessment.MethodsBioSim of anti‐VEGF in development were identified searching Clinical Trials databases. Trials were compared for design, endpoints, size, power and equivalence margins.ResultsWe identified 3307 patients with AMD in 7 parallel randomised trials of Ranibizumab BioSim vs Original Reference Product (RP) (range 25–705). Primary endpoints were Change in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) using the ETDRS protocol. The timepoint varied between 2 and 12 months; but 5 of 6 trials (n = 2626) reported secondary endpoints at both 2 and 12 months.There were 2326 patients in 6 parallel randomised trials of aflibercept BioSim vs RP (range 30–566); 5 studied AMD (n = 2002), 1 Diabetic Macular Oedema (n = 324); Primary endpoints were BCVA at 2 months in all.To 31 May 31 2021 two trials report outcome and toxicity data on 905 patients. BCVA absolute difference is 0.59 letters at 8 weeks, with equivalence within prespecified limits in each trial.Conclusions5633 patients have been recruited into 13 randomised parallel ophthalmic trials of biosimilars of anti‐VEGF. All ranibizumab and aflibercept trials share identical primary or secondary end‐points, enabling direct rather than networked metanalysis to better assess the comparability, safety and efficacy of the regulatory process.
Ten differentially expressed proteins in the tear film of dogs with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Winiarczyk Dagmara , Winiarczyk Mateusz , Michalak Katarzyna , Balicki Ireneusz , Szadkowski Mateusz , Winiarczyk Stanisław , Adaszek Łukasz , Winiarczyk Stanisław 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeA common early lesion of diabetic retinopathy in human patients and a diverse range of animal models is retinal capillary basement membrane thickening occur within 6 months of induction of diabetes. This hallmark pathology of diabetic microvascular disease is used in the evaluation of drug‐mediated modulation of diabetic retinopathy in a range of animal models. Moreover results from published clinical practice have shown that more than 22% of dogs with naturally contracted diabetes mellitus develop ophtalmoscopic signs of retinal hemorrhages or microaneurysms in a relatively short time from onset of the disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that changes in the retina in such dogs results in changes in the protein profile of tear fluid, that can be of the diagnostic or therapeutic value and can contribute to the better understanding the pathophysiology mechanisms underlying that disease. The objective of this study was to identify the protein content of tear film in dogs with naturally contracted diabetes mellitus with and/ without retinopathy, and its comparison with the content of control group. That approach results with mapping out the comprehensive proteome of tear film in diabetic dog and the may contribute to development a noninvasive method to detect potential protein candidates for diabetic retinopathy biomarkers in tear film.MethodsTear film was collected with Schirmer strips from the canine diabetic patients with/ and without retinopathy and sex‐ and age‐matched control group.The study was conducted on 24 dogs (8 dogs in each group).Two‐dimensional electrophoresis was performed followed by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry identification of differential proteins. Quantitative analysis of the differentiating electrophoretic spots was done with 2Delta software. Metabolic pathways associated with those proteins were identified with Panther GO software.ResultsAltogether, 5 significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of those, 4 were downregulated, and 1 was upregulated in the tear film of diabetic patients with retinopathy. Pathway analysis revealed that the proteins were associated with multiple pathways involved in biological regulation, cellular and metabolic process and cellular component organization.ConclusionsTear film protein analysis provides a novel way to screen diabetic retinopathy biomarkers in dogs.