bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of a case of cirrhotic portal hypertension with ectopic varices in the bilateral pulmonary hilar
Authors: Zhu Ke , Zhang Wei , Shao Wei , Ding Jing , Ma Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, we report the case of patient cirrhosis with esophageal and gastric fundal varices who developed rare ectopic varices in the bilateral pulmonary hilar after repeated endoscopic treatments (tissue adhesive for gastric fundal varices + esophageal variceal ligation + esophageal variceal sclerotherapy) accompanied by serious shortness of breath. After transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt + gastric coronary vein embolization, the shortness of breath was relieved, and the portography review indicated that the ectopic varices in the pulmonary hilar were significantly improved.
Recent advances in solid–liquid–gas three‐phase interfaces in electrocatalysis for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Jiang Haosong , Luo Ruihao , Li Yimin , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe acceleration of energy exhaustion and environmental pollution calls for the development of electrocatalytic conversion and storage technologies for the production and utilization of green energy. However, these technologies have encountered significant challenges in terms of poor selectivity, high overpotential, low efficiency, and sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalytic reactions, which involve solid–liquid–gas three‐phase interfaces (SLG‐TPIs). In this review, we focus on discussing recent progress on the development of SLG‐TPIs for electrocatalytic reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), as well as their applications in water splitting, fuel cells, and metal‐air batteries. In addition, the working mechanism of TPIs is described and revealed by advanced characterization tools. The challenges and future opportunities of TPIs for electrocatalysis are also proposed in this review.image
Social Determinants of Health Factors for Gene–Environment COVID‐19 Research: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Phuong Jimmy , Riches Naomi O. , Madlock‐Brown Charisse , Duran Deborah , Calzoni Luca , Espinoza Juan C. , Datta Gora , Kavuluru Ramakanth , Weiskopf Nicole G. , Ward‐Caviness Cavin K. , Lin Asiyah Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of a person's health status are often guided by how they live, grow, learn, their genetics, as well as their access to health care. Yet, all too often, studies examining the relationship between social determinants of health (behavioral, sociocultural, and physical environmental factors), the role of demographics, and health outcomes poorly represent these relationships, leading to misinterpretations, limited study reproducibility, and datasets with limited representativeness and secondary research use capacity. This is a profound hurdle in what questions can or cannot be rigorously studied about COVID‐19. In practice, gene–environment interactions studies have paved the way for including these factors into research. Similarly, our understanding of social determinants of health continues to expand with diverse data collection modalities as health systems, patients, and community health engagement aim to fill the knowledge gaps toward promoting health and wellness. Here, a conceptual framework is proposed, adapted from the population health framework, socioecological model, and causal modeling in gene–environment interaction studies to integrate the core constructs from each domain with practical considerations needed for multidisciplinary science.
Hyaluronan as “Agent Smith” in cancer extracellular matrix pathobiology: Regulatory roles in immune response, cancer progression and targeting
Authors: Kokoretsis Dimitris , Maniaki Evangelia‐Konstantina , Kyriakopoulou Konstantina , Koutsakis Christos , Piperigkou Zoi , Karamanos Nikos K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) critically regulates cancer cell behavior by governing cell signaling and properties. Hyaluronan (HA) acts as a structural and functional ECM component that mediates critical properties of cancer cells in a molecular size‐dependent manner. HA fragments secreted by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reveal the correlation of HA to CAF‐mediated matrix remodeling, a key step for the initiation of metastasis. The main goal of this article is to highlight the vital functions of HA in cancer cell initiation and progression as well as HA‐mediated paracrine interactions among cancer and stromal cells. Furthermore, the HA implication in mediating immune responses to cancer progression is also discussed. Novel data on the role of HA in the formation of pre‐metastatic niche may contribute towards the improvement of current theranostic approaches that benefit cancer management.
Efficient sterilization system combining flavonoids and hyaluronic acid with metal organic frameworks as carrier
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Yaling , Gao Yin , Wang Zekun , Yin Chenyang , Ding Xiaoyuan , Yang Endong , Sun Dongdong , Wang Weiyun , Guo Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacterial infections can cause many human diseases, which are closely related to people's health. Nowadays, antibiotics are mainly used to treat bacterial infections, but the widespread use of antibiotics can also lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, effective treatment of bacterial infections is an urgent problem to be solved. In this article, a multifunctional therapeutic material with antibacterial properties was designed and synthesized. First, the porous media material ZIF‐8 was synthesized, and applied to load hesperidin. When the load is completed, a layer of hyaluronic acid (HA) is uniformly wrapped on surface of the material. Such materials have high stability and high drug‐carrying capacity, and can be slowly released in vivo. The HA coated on surface can also promote penetration of active ingredients into cells and give full play to antibacterial ability. Results of in vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests show that synergy between the materials enhances antibacterial activity which is related to dose. The material achieves high‐efficiency antibacterial effects by increasing the permeability of cell membranes and destroying the integrity of bacteria. At same time, the material does not show obvious side effects. Therefore, the material seems to be a promising antibacterial agent with good biocompatibility and strong antibacterial activity.
E2F4 may be a core transcription factor in the lncRNA‐TF regulatory network in cervical cancer
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Qu Xiaoli , Huang Jiangang , Zhang Fan , Fang Ziyu , Zhao Bin , Wang Yifeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite improvements in therapeutic strategies, the network regulation mechanism remains unclear and the treatment effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to continue studying the mechanism of cervical cancer to explore effective gene targets and precise targeted therapy drugs.MethodsFirst, three paired tissues (cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues) from patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were collected, grouped, and analyzed by microarray. Second, differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) (|fold change| ≥ 2 and p < 0.05) between the two groups were screened. For DEMs, functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using DAVID. Functional prediction of DELs was then performed and their cis‐regulatory and trans‐regulatory networks were explored.ResultsFunction prediction of DELs (both up‐regulated and down‐regulated) shows that the highest frequency Cellular Component (CC) item is cytosol, the highest frequency Molecular function (MF) item is mitotic cell cycle and the highest frequency Biological Process (BP) item is protein binding. Through cis‐regulation analysis of DELs, the cis‐regulatory relationship of 96 DELs was predicted. The lncRNA‐trans‐regulation network analysis suggested that E2F4 may be the core transcription factor in the lncRNA‐TF regulatory network in cervical cancer.ConclusionsThe lncRNA‐TF regulatory network plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer, and E2F4 may be a critical transcription factor in the regulatory network.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, diagnosis and haematological findings, first report from Iran, model for developing countries
Authors: Jahangirpour Mohammadali , Vahedi Amirali , Baghdadi Hamed , Madani Tahereh , Behvarmanesh Ali , Alidadi Mohammad , Boroojerdi Mohadese Hashem , Mohammaei Saba , Poopak Peyvand , Poopak Amirhossein , Pour Gelareh Khosravi , Poopak Behzad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) was first described in 1881, the diagnosis and follow‐up patients diagnosed with the illness has remained an area of concern, with several different techniques of varying sensitivity having been described in the literature for both the diagnosis and monitoring treatment of the disease. PNH is a rare and life‐threatening disease that manifests symptoms of haemolytic anaemia. Hence, a quick and reliable technique for precise diagnosis would be crucial. PNH patients who have previously been diagnosed with aplastic anaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome carry small PNH clones and for more than a century traditional method with low sensitivity was used for such patients. In 2010, the International Clinical Cytometry Society described a highly sensitive method for detection and quantification of different types of PNH clones using multi‐colour flow cytometry. In this method, a three‐colour flow cytometer is essential to detect PNH affected cells amongst monocytes and granulocytes. This started a new era in the diagnosis of patients who carry small clones of PNH cells. Before this, flow cytometric analysis was used only for detection of PNH cells amongst erythrocytes. By using flow cytometry instruments with more light sources, the sensitivity of detection and quantification of PNH clones would be augmented. However, standardisation and crosstalk compensation would be the most concerning issue. For the first time in Iran, we set up and standardised multi‐colour flow cytometry technique to detect PNH cells in erythrocytes and leukocytes at Payvand medical laboratory.
Trends in cocirculation of oncogenic HPV genotypes in single and multiple infections among the unvaccinated community
Authors: Vazifehdoost Manijheh , Eskandari Fatemeh , Sohrabi Amir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCocirculation of multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with low, probably high, and high‐risk genotypes are to be associated with various grades of infections and cancer progression. The oncogenic high‐risk HPVs are distributed and cocirculated throughout the world. This study was investigated to identify HPV genotypes related to genital disorders in unvaccinated women. The subjects were referred from clinics to a molecular lab for HPV testing in Iran as a low‐coverage vaccinated country. HPVs DNAs of cervical scrapping and genital tissue specimens of 1,133 un‐vaccinated women were genotyped using an in vitro diagnostic line probe (reverse hybridization) assay. In addition, phylogenetic trees were constructed on 100 MY09/MY11 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of common genotypes of HPV L1 gene by Sanger sequencing. The mean age of the population study was 32.7 ± 8.0 and the mean age of HPV‐positive cases was 31.6 ± 7.8. HPV DNA was detected in 57.8% (655/1133) of women subjects and 42.2% (478/1133) of cases were undetected. Among 655 HPV‐positive cases, 639 subjects (56.4%) were related to defined genotypes and 16 subjects (1.4%) were untypeable. The highest prevalence rate of HPV genotypes was identified in the 25–34 years. The top 6 dominant HPVs in single and multiple genotypes were HPV6 (284/655 [43.4%]), HPV16 (111/655 [16.9%]), HPV31 (72/655 [11%]), HPV53 (67/655 [10.2%]), HPV11 (62/655 [9.5%]), and HPV52 (62/655 [9.5%]). Moreover, single, multiple and untypeable HPV genotypes were diagnosed as follows: 1 type (318/655 [48.5%]), 2 types (162/655 [24.8%]), 3 types (83/655 [12.7%]), 4 types (42/655 [6.5%]), more than 5 types (34/655 [5.3%]), and 1.4% un‐typeable subjects. The sequenced partial L1 gene of HPV genotypes (GenBank databases under the accession numbers: MH253467‐MH253566) confirmed and determined the cocirculated HPV genotypes' origins and addressed helpful insights into the future viral epidemiology investigations. Multiple HPV infections and cocirculation of various oncogenic HPV genotypes among the normal population (women and men) with asymptomatic forms are still challenging in unvaccinated communities. The preventive and organized surveillance programs for HPV screening are needed to be considered and compiled by health policy makers of low or unvaccinated countries.
On the association between poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium dodecyl sulfate and its effect on liquid–liquid interfacial tension: A mathematical model
Authors: Ramirez Jorge C. , Hernández‐Belmares Perla J. , Herrera‐Ordonez Jorge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssociation between poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate) copolymer (PVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied experimentally and theoretically. It was found that, for the ethyl acetate‐aqueous phase interface in which PVA was previously adsorbed, the interfacial tension (γ) increases abruptly to a maximum and then exhibits a relatively mild decay with the addition of SDS to the aqueous phase. The theoretical results indicate that vinyl acetate (VAc) segments determine γ. However, for relatively low concentrations of SDS (CSDS), this latter plays a major role because through its association with the VAc segments it modulates the extent to which PVA is adsorbed at the interface, indirectly determining the value of γ. As CSDS approaches to the CMC value for SDS, its influence on γ decreases because SDS tends to self‐assembly rather than associates with VAc. These model predictions are consistent with experimental findings reported in the literature.
“Will it work for me?” Developing patient‐friendly graphical displays of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment effectiveness
Authors: Hamblen Jessica L. , Grubbs Kathleen M. , Cole Bernard , Schnurr Paula P. , Harik Juliette M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was to create simple visual displays to help patients understand the benefits of evidence‐based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We reviewed randomized trials of the most effective individual, trauma‐focused psychotherapies and first‐line antidepressants for adults with PTSD. The analytic sample included 65 treatment arms from 41 trials. We used binomial logistic regression to estimate the proportion of participants who lost their PTSD diagnosis at posttreatment and created a sample icon array to display these estimates. We provide a range of estimates (0–100) based on varying the percentage of the sample with a military affiliation. The percentage of participants who no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD among civilian populations was 64.3% for trauma‐focused treatment, 56.9% for SSRI/SNRI, and 16.7% for waitlist/minimal attention. For military populations, the proportions of participants who no longer met the diagnostic criteria were 44.2%, 36.7%, and 8.1%, respectively. We present icon arrays for 0%, 7%, 50%, and 100% military affiliation displaying 100 icons, a portion of which were shaded to indicate the number of participants that no longer met the PTSD criteria following treatment. After evidence‐based treatment, between one third and two thirds of participants no longer met the PTSD criteria. Providers can use the icon array developed in this study with patients to facilitate communication regarding PTSD treatment effectiveness.
Enhanced detection of paramagnetic fluorine‐19 magnetic resonance imaging agents using zero echo time sequence and compressed sensing
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Pal Piya , Ahrens Eric T. 
Published: March 2022

Fluorine‐19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging technique offering specific detection of labeled cells in vivo. Lengthy acquisition times and modest signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) makes three‐dimensional spin‐density–weighted 19F imaging challenging. Recent advances in tracer paramagnetic metallo‐perfluorocarbon (MPFC) nanoemulsion probes have shown multifold SNR improvements due to an accelerated 19F T1 relaxation rate and a commensurate gain in imaging speed and averages. However, 19F T2‐reduction and increased linewidth limit the amount of metal additive in MPFC probes, thus constraining the ultimate SNR. To overcome these barriers, we describe a compressed sampling (CS) scheme, implemented using a “zero” echo time (ZTE) sequence, with data reconstructed via a sparsity‐promoting algorithm. Our CS‐ZTE scheme acquires k‐space data using an undersampled spherical radial pattern and signal averaging. Image reconstruction employs off‐the‐shelf sparse solvers to solve a joint total variation and
‐norm regularized least square problem. To evaluate CS‐ZTE, we performed simulations and acquired 19F MRI data at 11.7 T in phantoms and mice receiving MPFC‐labeled dendritic cells. For MPFC‐labeled cells in vivo, we show SNR gains of ~6.3 × with 8‐fold undersampling. We show that this enhancement is due to three mechanisms including undersampling and commensurate increase in signal averaging in a fixed scan time, denoising attributes from the CS algorithm, and paramagnetic reduction of T1. Importantly, 19F image intensity analyses yield accurate estimates of absolute quantification of 19F spins. Overall, the CS‐ZTE method using MPFC probes achieves ultrafast imaging, a substantial boost in detection sensitivity, accurate 19F spin quantification, and minimal image artifacts.
Bone spearheads from the Late Prehispanic Period of Sierras of Cordoba (Argentina)
Authors: Medina Matías E. , Sario Gisela , Pastor Sebastián 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe archaeological record of the Late Prehispanic Period of Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina (~1220–330 cal BP) has revealed a rich and highly developed bone industry. The worked bones are purported to include various types of hunting or warfare weapons such as arrowheads, knives and daggers, or bleeders. However, most of the latter two tools can now be interpreted as spear or spear‐thrower dart heads based on ethnographic and macro‐wear studies. Thus, the aim of this article is to present the techno‐typological and functional analysis carried out on the bone spearheads collected at the San Roque archaeological locality (Villa Carlos Paz, Argentina). Spearheads are defined as massive and strong pointed tools that are suitable for hafting to a shaft about 15 mm or more in diameter, which corresponds to ethnographic spears or darts. The tools were assigned to the Late Prehispanic Period based on their similarity with those recovered in neighboring sites and regions during the last 1,500 years. The study supports the contention that Late Prehispanic people developed a variable and highly sophisticated set of weapons suitable for taking any animal resource when encountered, minimizing the cost of failure in the capture of the prey they depended on. However, warfare and the use of spears in raids against other groups need to be taken into account because evidence of physical interpersonal violence increases in the Late Prehispanic Period. Finally, it is proposed that museum collections can provide valuable data for archaeologists, mostly when artifacts with low frequency in modern excavations are the focus of the analysis.
Designing a novel polythioether/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites: A complete overview of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties
Authors: Haramshahi Seyyed Ali , Moini Jazani Omid , Sohrabian Majid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolythioether is an elastomer with proper thermal resistance and elongation at break, which can be used in various high‐temperature and high‐pressure sealing applications. This research is aimed to determine the suitable thiol/vinyl ratio and the branching agent content to synthesize a novel polythioether and the polythioether/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite using two monomers, including dimercapto dioxaoctane (DMDO) and triethylene glycol divinylether. For each synthesis process, the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to measure the molecular weight and the polydispersity index of the polymer chains. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance were used to study the bond formation, while the glass transition of the polymer was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Tensile and lap adhesion tests were also used to assess the mechanical properties of the samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the dispersion of nanoparticles in polythioether/MWCNT nanocomposite. GPC results showed that the thiol/vinyl ratio of 0.5 and branching agent molar ratio of 0.2 (relative to vinyl monomer) led to the most suitable average molecular weight (2022 g/mol) which had the highest mechanical properties. The nanocomposite containing 1 wt% MWCNT, showed the highest tensile strength and elongation at break up to 2.12 MPa and 303%, respectively. A considerable increase of 30°C is obtained in maximum degradation temperature of the produced nanocomposite compared to neat polythioether.
Some open challenges in polymer physics*
Authors: McKenna Gregory B. , Chen Dongjie , Mangalara Satish Chandra Hari , Kong Dejie , Banik Sourya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree subjects in polymer and soft matter physics are outlined in the present article. The first relates to concepts of an ideal glass transition. We describe work on ultra‐stable glass, either a 20‐million‐year‐old amber or a vapor deposited amorphous fluoropolymer, which examines the temperature dependence of the dynamics in a window between a low fictive temperature and the glass transition temperature. From this “finesse” of the problem of the geological time scales in sub‐glass temperature systems strong evidence that the divergence of the relaxation times at finite temperature from WLF‐types of extrapolation is not correct. The second topic is polymer nonlinear viscoelasticity as it relates to dynamic heterogeneity. We show results from mechanical hole burning experiments that suggest that dynamic heterogeneity arises from the nature of specific relaxation mechanisms rather than heterogeneous changes in, for example, the fictive temperature. Included is a discussion of large amplitude oscillatory shear testing and how it relates to characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. The last topic addressed is the rheology of circular macromolecules. Here, we take a historical perspective and describe important new results from several laboratories that seem inconsistent. New works from our own studies on circular DNA are also discussed.