bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects electric bikes have on physiological parameters
Authors: McVicar Jenna , Keske Michelle A. , Daryabeygi‐Khotbehsara Reza , Betik Andrew C. , Parker Lewan , Maddison Ralph 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere is a universal need to increase the number of adults meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations to help improve health. In recent years, electrically assisted bicycles (e‐bikes) have emerged as a promising method for supporting people to initiate and maintain physical activity levels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no meta‐analyses conducted to quantify the difference in physiological responses between e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without assistance, conventional cycling, and walking.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We identified short‐term e‐bike studies, which utilized a crossover design comparing physiological outcomes when e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without electrical assistance, conventional cycling, or walking. Energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), power output (PO), and metabolic equivalents (METs) outcomes were included within the meta‐analysis.ResultsFourteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 239). E‐cycling with electrical assistance resulted in a lower energy expenditure (EE) [SMD = −0.46 (−0.98, 0.06), p = 0.08], heart rate (HR) [MD = −11.41 (−17.15, −5.68), p < 0.000, beats per minute], oxygen uptake (VO2) [SMD = −0.57 (−0.96, −0.17), p = 0.005], power output (PO) [MD = −31.19 (−47.19 to −15.18), p = 0.000, Watts], and metabolic equivalent (MET) response [MD = −0.83 (−1.52, −0.14), p = 0.02, METs], compared with conventional cycling. E‐cycling with moderate electrical assistance resulted in a greater HR response [MD 10.38 (−1.48, 22.23) p = 0.09, beats per minute], and VO2 response [SMD 0.34 (−0.14, 0.82) p = 0.16] compared with walking.ConclusionsE‐cycling was associated with increased physiological responses that can confer health benefits.
O RE 1.055.941: um pretexto para explorar alguns limites à transmissão, distribuição, comunicação, transferência e difusão de dados pessoais pelo COAF
Authors: Estellita Heloisa 
Published: March 2022

Em dezembro de 2019, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, ao julgar o Recurso Extraordinário 1.055.941, decidiu que o COAF poderia revelar informações sigilosas (financeiras) para as autoridades de persecução penal por meio dos RIFs sem a necessidade de autorização judicial prévia. Essa decisão é utilizada no presente trabalho como pretexto submeter o tratamento de dados pessoais pelo COAF à gramática da proteção de dados pessoais. Partindo da dogmática da proteção de direitos fundamentais, especialmente, do direito fundamental à privacidade e à proteção de dados pessoais, analisa-se o tratamento de dados pessoais, sensíveis e sigilosos no âmbito das tarefas desempenhadas pelo COAF, especialmente sob o viés das comunicações que esse órgão faz para autoridades nacionais e internacionais. O exame evidencia que há atividades sendo desempenhadas sem normas autorizativas de intervenção em direitos fundamentais, o que evidencia a necessidade de reforma legislativa para adequar o tratamento de dados pessoais aos standards atuais de proteção desse direito fundamental.
A Proteção Jurídica Fundamental da Confidencialidade e da Integridade dos Sistemas Técnicos de Informação de Uso Próprio
Authors: Hoffmann-Riem Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

O artigo insere a decisão do Tribunal Constitucional Federal da Alemanha sobre a assim chamada busca online (Online-Durchsuchung) no contexto mais abrangente do desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e da sua utilização desde o julgamento do caso da Lei do Recenseamento, bem como elabora as especificidades do novo direito fundamental.
Verdade Processual e Crise das Provas Judiciais: Análise do Processamento de Mortes Violentas Envolvendo Pol´iciais em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Possas Mariana Thorstensen , Almeida Andrija Oliveira , Vieira Alana Nogueira , Santos Helena Lins Queiroz dos 
Published: March 2022

Nos anos 2000, o Brasil registrou aumento da ocorrência de mortes por policiais, fenômeno que sugere a necessidade de observar as práticas policiais e a administração da justiça, além de representar um grande desafio à consolidação da democracia no país. Por meio de estudo empírico de enfoque qualitativo, desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa documental e de entrevistas qualitativas do tipo semiestruturado e reflexivo, procedeu-se à análise do processamento, pela organização policial e pelo sistema de justiça criminal, de casos de mortes decorrentes de intervenção policial, ocorridos em Salvador-Bahia e encerrados em 2016. O trabalho lançou luz sobre aspectos relacionados à seleção de elementos de prova operada pelas agências do sistema de justiça na construção oficial e na produção de regimes de verdade no processo de enquadramento jurídico-administrativo destas mortes. A variabilidade dos critérios de seleção sugere um quadro de crise de apreciação da prova, constituído por três dimensões, a saber, escassez de elementos de prova nos procedimentos, precariedade estrutural do processo de produção das provas e descaminhos da interpretação judicial, em que elementos de prova trazidos aos autos são descartados e informações sobre o morto são elevados à condição de prova. Como repercussão dessa crise, a produção da morte enquanto ação jurídica relevante é oficialmente substituída pela ação do morto, essa sim considerada reprovável e passível de condenação criminal. E como já estão mortos, o arquivamento é o desfecho judicial mais comum desses casos.
Atuação Policial, Discriminação e Direitos Humanos: Análise dos Julgados da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Almeida Marina Nogueira de , Gonçalves Vanessa Chiari , Mota Jessica de Jesus 
Published: March 2022

O artigo busca responder em que medida as atuações policiais relacionam-se à discriminação, de modo a caracterizar violações do direito internacional dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, mediante revisão bibliográfica, dos estudos sobre discriminações/estigmatizações e sobre o conceito de subcidadania. Soma-se a isso, a análise de três casos bem recentes julgados na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) que versam sobre a atuação policial. No primeiro caso, tem-se a atuação policial nas favelas brasileiras com enfoque em execuções ocorridas na Favela Nova Brasília. Nesse caso, a corte apontou considerações relevantes sobre a indeterminação dos autos de resistência, que leva a mortes nunca propriamente investigadas. No segundo caso, aparece a violação de direitos humanos pela existência de perfis raciais na atuação policial e o terceiro caso observa a fundada suspeita, o olfato policial, como uma violação de direitos humanos. Por fim, verifica-se que um dos principais fatores que permitem essa forma de violar os direitos humanos dos alvos preferenciais das atuações policiais é o viver em um estado que permite que existam cidadãos e subcidadãos. É preciso, junto com a mudança legislativa, educar os agentes policiais em Direitos Humanos, rever a mentalidade da guerra às drogas e da cultura de controle, e pensar nos fatores de gênero, classe, completude física, território e, principalmente, raça, como influenciadores das instituições e dos indivíduos, a fim de remodelar estruturalmente nossa sociedade.
Experimental Probe Into a Biogas Run Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Using Oxygenated Ternary Blends at Optimum Equivalence Ratio and Under the Effect of Intake Charge Preheating
Authors: Sarkar Achinta , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe key challenge of dual fuel mode (DFM) of a compression ignition (CI) diesel engine is to improve the engine performance, and to reduce primarily the carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. The gaining popularity of DFM lies with its inherent ability to curb harmful pollutants, besides offering operational flexibility to use gaseous and liquids fuels simultaneously. In addition, the use of renewable fuels in DFM is found to be highly suitable to achieve the optimum engine overall performance. In this DFM study, biogas as the primary gaseous fuel is used in a diesel engine in conjunction with ternary blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol (TB-E), diesel-biodiesel-butanol (TB-BT), and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether (TB-DEE) as the renewable pilot fuels. For each combination, the experiments are conducted at the optimum global fuel–air equivalence ratio (Φglobal) and with intake charge preheating to analyze the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the engine. The important parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, actual diesel replacement, coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure, relative cycle efficiency, cylinder mean gas temperature, ignition delay, and combustion duration are investigated. The study demonstrates the optimum performance of the DFM engine with TB-DEE.
Conjugates of Aminopenicillins with Proteins: Synthesis, Immunogenic Properties, and Binding to the β-Lactam Receptor and Antibodies
Authors: Kuprienko O. S. , Serchenya T. S. , Vashkevich I. I. , Harbachova I. V. , Zilberman A. I. , Sviridov O. V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new approach to aminopenicillin modification and conjugation with proteins was developed using di-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of dicarboxylic acids as crosslinkers. Acylation of ampicillin (Amp) and amoxicillin (Amox) with di-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of adipic or terephthalic acids was carried out in an organic solvent. Subsequent conjugation of the resulting aminopenicillin derivatives with proteins was done in an aqueous medium at pH 8.3 to produce immunogenic and enzymatic conjugates of Amp and Amox. The β-lactam cycle of Amp was shown to remain intact after chemical modification and synthesis of linker conjugates. An immunogenic Amp–thyroglobulin conjugate containing an aromatic linker was used for long-term immunization of rabbits, and polyclonal antibodies thus obtained were found to bind Amp, Amox, and penicillin G with extremely high sensitivity. Amp and Amox conjugates with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were synthesized and characterized in a competitive protein-binding (receptor) assay and a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the model immunoassay systems tested, the best characteristics were observed for heterologous direct ELISA with polyclonal antibodies and the Amp–HRP conjugate that contained an adipic acid fragment as a linker: the Amp sensitivity was 0.03 ng/mL and IC50 = 0.20 ng/mL.
Fragments of the Fab-3 and Fab-4 Boundaries of the Drosophila melanogaster Bithorax Complex That Include CTCF Sites Are not Effective Insulators
Authors: Kyrchanova O. V. , Postika N. Y. , Sokolov V. V. , Georgiev P. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The segment-specific regulatory domains of the Bithorax complex (BX-C), which consists of three homeotic genes Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B, are separated by boundaries that function as insulators. Most of the boundaries contain binding sites for the architectural protein CTCF, which is conserved for higher eukaryotes. As was shown previously, the CTCF sites determine the insulator activity of the boundaries of the Abd-B regulatory region. In this study, it was shown that fragments of the Fab-3 and Fab-4 boundaries of the abd-A regulatory region, containing CTCF binding sites, are not effective insulators.
Validation of DIGIROP models and decision support tool for prediction of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity on a contemporary Swedish cohort
Authors: Pivodic Aldina , E.H. Smith Lois , Hård Anna-Lena , Löfqvist Chatarina , Almeida Ana Catarina , Al-Hawasi Abbas , Larsson Eva , Lundgren Pia , Sunnqvist Birgitta , Tornqvist Kristina , Wallin Agneta , Holmstrom Gerd , Gränse Lotta 
Published: March 2022

Background/AimsRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is currently diagnosed through repeated eye examinations to find the low percentage of infants that fulfil treatment criteria to reduce vision loss. A prediction model for severe ROP requiring treatment that might sensitively and specifically identify infants that develop severe ROP, DIGIROP-Birth, was developed using birth characteristics. DIGIROP-Screen additionally incorporates first signs of ROP in different models over time. The aim was to validate DIGIROP-Birth, DIGIROP-Screen and their decision support tool on a contemporary Swedish cohort.MethodsData were retrieved from the Swedish national registry for ROP (2018–2019) and two Swedish regions (2020), including 1082 infants born at gestational age (GA) 24 to <31 weeks. The predictors were GA at birth, sex, standardised birth weight and age at the first sign of ROP. The outcome was ROP treatment. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI were described.ResultsFor DIGIROP-Birth, the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95); for DIGIROP-Screen, it ranged between 0.93 and 0.97. The specificity was 49.9% (95% CI 46.7 to 53.0) and the sensitivity was 96.5% (95% CI 87.9 to 99.6) for the tool applied at birth. For DIGIROP-Screen, the cumulative specificity ranged between 50.0% and 78.7%. One infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who fulfilled criteria for ROP treatment and had no missed/incomplete examinations was incorrectly flagged as not needing screening.ConclusionsDIGIROP-Birth and DIGIROP-Screen showed high predictive ability in a contemporary Swedish cohort. At birth, 50% of the infants born at 24 to <31 weeks of gestation were predicted to have low risk of severe ROP and could potentially be released from ROP screening examinations. All routinely screened treated infants, excluding those screened for clinical indications of severe illness, were correctly flagged as needing ROP screening.
Histopathological profile of cervical biopsies in northern Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaseka Paul Uchizi , Kayira Alfred , Chimbatata Chikondi Sharon , Chisale Master R O , Kamudumuli Pocha , Wu Tsung-Shu Joseph , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe , Sinyiza Frank Watson 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesAccording to the WHO (2014), cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally. More than 85% of the global cervical cancer morbidity and mortality occur in low-income and middle-income countries and the highest risk region is in Eastern and Southern Africa. Malawi has the highest age-standardised rate of cervical cancer in the world. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological profile of cervical biopsies in a public tertiary hospital in Mzuzu, northern region of Malawi.SettingA public tertiary hospital in Mzuzu, northern region of Malawi.ParticipantsThis was a retrospective study of all cervical biopsy specimen reports received in a public tertiary hospital in northern Malawi over a period of 5 years from July 2013 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were obtained from original histopathology reports.ResultsA total of 500 cervical biopsy reports were reviewed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 41.99±12.5. Age ranged from 15 to 80 years. Cervicitis accounted for 46.0% (n=162) of the total non-malignant lesions seen, followed by cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, at 24.4% (n=86) and endocervical polyp, at 20.5% (n=72). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 15.6% (n=78) of the total cervical biopsies studied and 85.7% of all total malignant lesions. Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma were 8.8% and 4.4%, respectively of the total malignant diagnosis. All patients with malignant lesions had HIV.ConclusionOur study shows that cervicitis and SCC were most common among non-malignant and malignant cervical biopsies, respectively. Since the frequency of cervical cancer is high, there is a need to have well detailed national policies to be put in place to increase detection of preinvasive lesions in order to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer.
Pilot study to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial that compares Immediate versus Optional Delayed surgical repair for treatment of acute Anterior cruciate ligament injury: IODA pilot trial
Authors: Smeets Annemie , Ghafelzadeh Ahwaz Feryal , Bogaerts Stijn , De Groef An , Berger Pieter , Kaux Jean-François , Daniel Christophe , Croisier Jean-Louis , Delvaux François , Laenen Annouschka , Staes Filip , Peers Koen 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionStandard care for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries includes surgical reconstruction of the ACL. However, two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concluded that conservative treatment does not result in inferior clinical outcomes compared with immediate ACL reconstruction. More research is needed to in the first place verify these results, and second to assess whether patient-specific parameters determine whether a patient would benefit from one treatment option over the other. However, before running a full RCT, it seems necessary to perform a pilot study that assesses the feasibility of recruiting patients with ACL for such a RCT. This is because recruitment may be challenging as many patients have strong treatment beliefs. Therefore, this pilot study will assess whether a large RCT is feasible with regard to participant recruitment, adherence to the allocated treatment arm and protocol feasibility. These pilot findings will help deciding about progressing to a future full RCT.Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled pilot trial with two parallel groups. Patients with an acute ACL injury will be recruited from two Belgian hospitals. Patients will be randomised to either conservative treatment or surgical treatment. Patients will be followed-up at 3, 6 and 12 months postrandomisation. Recruitment feasibility will be evaluated by calculating the recruitment rate 4 months after the two sites have been initiated. Clear criteria for progression to a full trial are defined. Adherence to the protocol will be assessed by calculating the proportion of patients who complete the assessments. Furthermore the proportion of patients who cross-over between treatment arms during the follow-up period will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethical committees: Ethische Commissie Onderzoek UZ/KU Leuven (S62004) and Comité d’Ethique Hospitalo-Facultaire Universitaire de Liège (2020212). Results will be made available to caregivers, researchers and funder.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04408690) on 29 May 2020.
Brief, manualised and semistructured individual psychotherapy programme for patients with advanced cancer in Japan: study protocol for Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) phase 2 trial
Authors: Miyamoto Seraki , Yamazaki Tadahiro , Shimizu Ken , Matsubara Toshio , Kage Hidenori , Watanabe Kousuke , Kobo Hiroshi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Rodin Gary , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionManaging Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) is a novel, brief and manualised psychotherapeutic intervention intended to treat and prevent depression and end-of-life distress in patients with advanced cancer. This phase 2 trial aims to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CALM in Japanese patients with cancer.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-arm clinical trial. All patients involved in the study are ≥18 years of age, have been diagnosed with advanced or metastatic solid-tumour cancer, and their expected survival is at least 6 months. CALM comprises three to six individual therapy sessions, each lasting approximately 45–60 min, provided over 3– 6 months. The participants will be asked to complete questionnaires at baseline (t0), 3 months (t1) and 6 months (t2). The primary outcomes are rates of completion of the intervention and of the outcome measures and improvement of depressive symptoms measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 between t0 and t2. The criteria for the successful rate of completion is that at least 70% participants who participate in at least three sessions will complete measures at t2. The secondary outcomes are the improvement in scores on: (1) the Quality of Life at the End of Life-Cancer Scale, (2) the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, (3) the Death and Dying Distress Scale and (4) the Clinical Evaluation Questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of The University of Tokyo, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research and Yamaguchi University. We will conduct the study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. The results of this study will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication and presentation at local, national and international scientific meetings and conferences.Trail registration numberUMIN000040032; Pre-results.
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for adults with ADHD: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cortese Samuele , Del Giovane Cinzia , Chamberlain Samuel , Philipsen Alexandra , Young Susan , Bilbow Andrea , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionIt is unclear how pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions compare with each other in terms of efficacy and tolerability for core symptoms and additional problems in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aim to conduct the first network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions (or their combinations) in adults with ADHD.Methods and analysisWe will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for NMAs. We will search a broad set of electronic databases/registries and contact drug companies and experts in the field to retrieve published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (parallel or cross-over) of medications (either licensed or unlicensed) and any non-pharmacological intervention in adults (≥18 years) with ADHD. Primary outcomes will be: (1) change in severity of ADHD core symptoms, and (2) acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). Secondary outcomes will include tolerability (drop-out due to side effects) and change in the severity of emotional dysregulation, executive dysfunctions and quality of life. The risk of bias in each individual RCT included in the NMA will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool-version 2. We will evaluate the transitivity assumption comparing the distribution of possible effect modifiers across treatment comparisons. We will perform Bayesian NMA for each outcome with random-effects model in OpenBUGS. Pooled estimates of NMA will be obtained using the Markov Chains Monte Carlo method. We will judge the credibility in the evidence derived from the NMA using the CINeMA tool (which includes assessment of publication bias). We will conduct a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings.Ethics and disseminationAs this is the protocol for an aggregate-data level NMA, ethical approval will not be required. Results will be disseminated at national/international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021265576.