bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CryoEM single particle reconstruction with a complex-valued particle stack
Authors: Bromberg Raquel , Guo Yirui , Borek Dominika , Otwinowski Zbyszek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle particle reconstruction (SPR) in cryoEM is an image processing task with an elaborate hierarchy that starts with a large number of very noisy multi-frame images. Efficient representation of the intermediary image structures is critical for keeping the calculations manageable. One such intermediary structure is called a particle stack and contains cut-out images of particles in square boxes of predefined size. The micrograph that is the source of the boxed images is usually corrected for motion between frames prior to particle stack creation. However, the contrast transfer function (CTF) or its Fourier Transform point spread function (PSF) are not considered at this step. Historically, the particle stack was intended for large particles and for a tighter PSF, which is characteristic of lower resolution data. The field now performs analyses of smaller particles and to higher resolution, and these conditions result in a broader PSF that requires larger padding and slower calculations to integrate information for each particle. Consequently, the approach to handling structures such as the particle stack should be reexamined to optimize data processing.Here we propose to use as a source image for the particle stack an exit-wave-reconstruction-based image, in which CTF correction is implicitly applied as a real component of the image. The final CTF correction that we later refine and apply has a very narrow PSF, and so cutting out particles from micrographs that were approximately corrected for CTF does not require extended buffering, i.e. the boxes during the analysis only have to be large enough to encompass the particle. The Fourier Transform of an exit-wave reconstruction creates an image that has complex values. This is a complex value image considered in real space, opposed to standard SPR data processing where complex numbers appear only in Fourier space. This extension of the micrograph concept provides multiple advantages because the particle box size can be small while calculations crucial for high resolution reconstruction such as Ewald sphere correction, aberration refinement, and particlespecific defocus refinement can be performed on the small box data.Highlights▪ A complex-valued particle stack facilitates flexible and fast data processing▪ A real-valued, compact particle stack can be used at intermediate steps▪ Whole micrograph padding is used from the beginning of data analysis
Neural tracking of linguistic speech representations decreases with advancing age
Authors: Gillis Marlies , Kries Jill , Vandermosten Maaike , Francart Tom 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults process speech differently, but it is not yet clear how aging affects different levels of processing natural, continuous speech, both in terms of bottom-up acoustic analysis and top-down generation of linguistic-based predictions. We studied natural speech processing across the adult lifespan via electroencephalography (EEG) measurements of neural tracking.GoalsOur goals are to analyze the unique contribution of linguistic speech processing across the adult lifespan using natural speech, while controlling for the influence of acoustic processing. In particular, we focus on changes in spatial and temporal activation patterns in response to natural speech across the lifespan.Methods52 normal-hearing adults between 17 and 82 years of age listened to a naturally spoken story while the EEG signal was recorded. We investigated the effect of age on acoustic and linguistic processing of speech. Because age correlated with hearing capacity and measures of cognition, we investigated whether the observed age effect is mediated by these factors. Furthermore, we investigated whether there is an effect of age on hemisphere lateralization and on spatiotemporal patterns of the neural responses.ResultsOur EEG results showed that linguistic speech processing declines with advancing age. More-over, as age increased, the neural response latency to certain aspects of linguistic speech processing increased. Also acoustic neural tracking (NT) decreased with increasing age but in contrast to linguistic processing, older subjects showed shorter latencies for early acoustic responses to speech. No evidence was found for hemispheric lateralization in neither younger nor older adults during linguistic speech processing. Most of the observed aging effects on acoustic and linguistic processing were not explained by age-related decline in hearing capacity or cognition. However, our results suggest that the effect of decreasing linguistic neural tracking with advancing age at word-level is likely more due to an age-related decline in cognition than a robust effect of age.ConclusionSpatial and temporal characteristics of the neural responses to continuous speech change across the adult lifespan for both acoustic and linguistic speech processing. These changes may be traces of structural and/or functional change that occurs with advancing age.HighlightsWith increasing age, linguistic neural tracking of continuous speech decreases.With increasing age, the processing speed of linguistic aspects of speech slows down.Aging-related changes in word-level linguistic processing are affected by cognition.With advancing age, tracking of speech acoustics decreases in the right hemisphere.Older adults displayed earlier neural responses to speech acoustics.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages by 4 doses of mRNA vaccine
Authors: Xie Xuping , Zou Jing , Kurhade Chaitanya , Liu Mingru , Ren Ping , Shi Pei-Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the initial emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, several Omicron sublineages have emerged, leading to BA.5 as the current dominant sublineage. Here we report the neutralization of different Omicron sublineages by human sera collected from individuals who had distinct mRNA vaccination and/or BA.1 infection. Four-dose-vaccine sera neutralize the original USA-WA1/2020, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.212.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5 viruses with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 1554, 357, 236, 236, 165, and 95, respectively; 2-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection sera exhibit GMTs of 2114, 1705, 730, 961, 813, and 274, respectively; and 3-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection sera show GMTs of 2962, 2038, 983, 1190, 1019, and 297, respectively. Thus, 4-dose-vaccine elicits the lowest neutralization against BA.5; 2-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection elicits significantly higher GMTs against Omicron sublineages than 4-dose-vaccine; and 3-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection elicits slightly higher GMTs (statistically insignificant) than the 2-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection. Finally, compared with BA.5, the newly emerged BA.2.75 is equally evasive of 4-dose-vaccine-elicited neutralization, but more susceptible to 3-dose-vaccine-plus-BA.1-infection-elicited neutralization.
To lead or not to lead: exploring how young women’s early career experiences impact their leadership ambition
Authors: Beaupre Jean G. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to explore and better understand the workplace experiences of young professional women, as they relate to their leadership ambition. Research has shown that women graduate from college with equal or greater leadership ambition than men. By mid-career, however, a significant gender ambition gap emerges, which may be a contributing factor to the gender leadership gaps that persist across all sectors of the economy.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted with young American professional women who excelled and had leadership ambition in college. The theoretical framework is the expectancy–value–cost model of motivation.

Findings
Analysis reveals a consistent decline in the young women’s leadership ambition after entering their professional career, stemming from a general sense of dissatisfaction with their jobs, a lack of connection with their organizations’ leadership and culture and an expectation that moving up the ladder would result in a less satisfying personal life.

Research limitations/implications
Although this study is not statistically generalizable to a broader population, the findings are relevant for colleges and universities that prepare women for their careers, and organizations that seek to recruit and retain female talent.

Originality/value
By focusing on the experiences of young professional women, this paper contributes to the exploration of gender leadership gaps as well as to the discussion of policies and programs that may contribute to keeping more women in the leadership trajectory.
Ranking community detection algorithms for complex social networks using multilayer network design approach
Authors: Rani Seema , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Community detection is a significant research field in the study of social networks and analysis because of its tremendous applicability in multiple domains such as recommendation systems, link prediction and information diffusion. The majority of the present community detection methods considers either node information only or edge information only, but not both, which can result in loss of important information regarding network structures. In real-world social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, there are many heterogeneous aspects of the entities that connect them together such as different type of interactions occurring, which are difficult to study with the help of homogeneous network structures. The purpose of this study is to explore multilayer network design to capture these heterogeneous aspects by combining different modalities of interactions in single network.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, multilayer network model is designed while taking into account node information as well as edge information. Existing community detection algorithms are applied on the designed multilayer network to find the densely connected nodes. Community scoring functions and partition comparison are used to further analyze the community structures. In addition to this, analytic hierarchical processing-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS)-based framework is proposed for selection of an optimal community detection algorithm.

Findings
In the absence of reliable ground-truth communities, it becomes hard to perform evaluation of generated network communities. To overcome this problem, in this paper, various community scoring functions are computed and studied for different community detection methods.

Research limitations/implications
In this study, evaluation criteria are considered to be independent. The authors observed that the criteria used are having some interdependencies, which could not be captured by the AHP method. Therefore, in future, analytic network process may be explored to capture these interdependencies among the decision attributes.

Practical implications
Proposed ranking can be used to improve the search strategy of algorithms to decrease the search time of the best fitting one according to the case study. The suggested study ranks existing community detection algorithms to find the most appropriate one.

Social implications
Community detection is useful in many applications such as recommendation systems, health care, politics, economics, e-commerce, social media and communication network.

Originality/value
Ranking of the community detection algorithms is performed using community scoring functions as well as AHP-TOPSIS methods.
The impact of the EU nonfinancial information directive on environmental disclosure: evidence from Italian environmentally sensitive industries
Authors: Papa Marco , Carrassi Mario , Muserra Anna Lucia , Wieczorek-Kosmala Monika 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To determine whether to entrust the European Union (EU) to create a new nonfinancial reporting framework or endorse the extant reporting framework developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), this study aims to explore whether the mandatory implementation of the EU Directive positively impacted the GRI-based environmental disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors compared the pre- and post-EU Directive environmental disclosure of 16 Italian environmentally sensitive companies. The authors used an extended coding scheme and developed a unique scoring system to compare the quantitative and qualitative changes in environmental disclosure.

Findings
The analysis showed that the quantity of environmental disclosure increased after the mandatory EU Directive adoption. The most significant change was observed regarding the disclosure topics explicitly required by the Italian legislature. Additionally, disclosure of soft information continued to prevail over that of hard information in the post-Directive period. While the Directive boosted the level of adherence to GRI standards, Italian companies disclosed information that could be easily mimicked (soft) instead of objective measures that could be verified (hard). In light of this evidence, the endorsement of extant GRI standards could be a valuable option for enhancing the comparability and transparency of environmental disclosure.

Originality/value
This study used an original extended coding system and proposed related environmental disclosure indexes that allow monitoring changes in environmental disclosure over time. To the authors’ best knowledge, this study is one of the few that justifies the significant impact of regulation (here the EU Directive) on the increase in environmental disclosure and that uses hard and soft information typology to examine the quality of environmental disclosure.
Factors affecting the modification of bovine milk proteins in high hydrostatic pressure processing: An updated review
Authors: Gharbi Negar , Marciniak Alice , Doyen Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment induces structural changes in bovine milk proteins depending on factors such as the temperature, pH, concentration, decompression rate, cycling, composition of the medium and pressure level and duration. An in‐depth understanding of the impact of these factors is important for controlling HHP‐induced modification of milk proteins and the interactions within or between them, which can be applied to prevent undesired aggregation, gelation, and precipitation during HHP processing or to obtain specific milk protein modifications to attain specific protein properties. In this regard, understanding the influences of these factors can provide insight into the modulation and optimization of HHP conditions to attain specific milk protein structures. In recent years, there has been a great research attention on HHP‐induced changes in milk proteins influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, concentration, cycling, decompression condition, and medium composition. Hence, to provide insight into how these factors control milk protein structures under HHP treatment and to understand if their effects depend on HHP parameters and environmental conditions, this review discusses recent findings on how various factors (pH, temperature, cycling, decompression rate, medium composition, and concentration) affect HHP‐induced bovine milk protein modification.Practical Application: The information provided in this review will be very useful to anticipate the challenges related to the formulation and development of pressure‐treated milk and dairy products.
Malnutrition, symptom burden and predictive validity of thePatient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessmentin Central Australian haemodialysis patients: A cross sectional study
Authors: Caruana Lauren , Nichols Liz , Lambert Kelly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo (i) describe the prevalence of malnutrition among a cohort of central Australian, predominantly Indigenous, haemodialysis patients and (ii) determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment total score for identification of malnutrition in these patients.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study of all patients attending haemodialysis units within the Central Australia Health Service. Patients were assessed using the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Chi‐Square tests were used to determine the association between nutritional status and location, age and gender. Receiver Operator Characteristic curves were used to ascertain the predictive validity for malnutrition of the total score.ResultsIndigenous patients comprised 98% of study haemodialysis patients (n = 249/253). One third were male, and 72% were aged between 30 and 59 years. Approximately 29% (74/253) were malnourished, and 93% (69/74) had a total score ≥ 4. The most frequently reported problems that kept malnourished patients from eating were early satiety (32%), no appetite (31%), diarrhoea (26%) and dental problems (24%). Money problems were reported by 32%, as were transport (20%) and depression (19%). The traditional tool cut off score of ≥9 had low sensitivity (50%) for detecting malnutrition. Instead, a score ≥ 3 is suggested due to a higher sensitivity (96%) and specificity (45%).ConclusionMalnutrition was found to be common, and we suggest using a Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment total score of ≥3 to improve the identification of malnourished individuals in this cohort of predominantly Indigenous haemodialysis patients. This will significantly increase referrals for dietetic intervention.
Fabrication, characterization, and purification of nutraceutical diacylglycerol components from Camellia oil
Authors: Huang Chuanqing , Liu Zeyu , Huang Wenqian , Li Lu , Ye Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConverting triacylgycerols (TAGs) from edible oils and fats into structured diacylglycerols (DAGs) is meaningful for reducing obesity. Camellia oil, rich in linoleic acid, has the potential to form structured linoleic acid‐1,3‐diacylglycerol (LA‐1,3‐DAG) nutrients in the industry. In this research, the physicochemical properties of modified Camellia oil (MCO) by enzymatic esterification were analyzed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (HPLC‐ELSD), and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The relationship between reaction conditions and the DAG compositions is disclosed using multiple factors. It is found that high constituents of DAG increase the melting and crystallization temperature of MCO, lipase Novozym 435 gives the best yield of targeted nutrients (DAG, 1,3‐DAG, LA‐DAG), and the mixture of lipases, Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme RM IM, shows a synergistic effect in the synthetic process of DAG. Subsequently, MCO containing 65.4% DAG, 54.7% LA‐DAG, and 47.6% 1,3‐DAG content at optimal conditions (2% enzyme dosage, 4 h reaction time, 2.4:1 substrate molar ratio, 25.8% t‐butanol as solvent, 60°C temperature) has been obtained and purified using silica column to obtain the final DAG oil containing 96.1% DAG, 64.7% 1,3‐DAG, and 78.4% LA‐DAG. High constituents of structured DAG oil rich in LA‐1,3‐DAG can be obtained by enzymatic esterification for industrial production.
Community‐based monitoring of wild felid hunting in Central Amazonia
Authors: Valsecchi J. , Monteiro M. C. M. , Alvarenga G. C. , Lemos L. P. , Ramalho E. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHunting is a critical issue in wild felid conservation, contributing to the decline of these species worldwide. Here, we present 18 years of a community‐based monitoring program, quantifying and characterizing wild felid hunting in two sustainable development reserves in Central Amazonia. We investigated how felid hunting was affected by the flood pulse and whether local human population size, habitat type, and total hunting events influenced felid hunting. We recorded 71 adult felids being killed, most of them in opportunistic events (88.7%), usually during hunting expeditions aimed at other game species. Four felid species were recorded in the hunts (Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor, and Leopardus wiedii) with jaguars accounting for almost half of all hunting events (N = 35). We found that more felid hunting events occurred during the flooded season, in more populated communities, and in várzea habitats. Most felids were hunted opportunistically, demonstrating the complexity of human‐felid interactions. Stories of attacks on humans are widespread in the study area, which may strengthen an instinctive fear of felids, driving their persecution. The increase of hunting events during the flooded season seems to be related to a higher probability of encounters between humans and wild felids. High waters make fishing difficult, therefore, locals hunt more, entering deep into the forest through flooded habitats. Since jaguars have an arboreal lifestyle during the flooded season in várzea forests, they are easily spotted by locals and have less of a chance to escape since they are slower and more exposed when swimming, which increases the probability of being killed. It is generally acknowledged that involving local stakeholders in conservation projects is essential for their success. In our case, collaboration among researchers and community members was fundamental to access hunting information. We show that community‐based monitoring empowers the local communities and facilitates data collection on sensitive topics.
Variation in human bone bioerosion during the Late Eneolithic/Bronze Age in Moravia (Czech Republic): A novel approach to BSE‐SEM image quality and quantity assessment
Authors: Pankowská Anna , Žižková Andrea , Kapusta Jaroslav , Moník Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman bones from Late Eneolithic graves and Bronze Age settlement pits in Moravia (Czech Republic) were studied to reconstruct their post‐mortem histories based on the distribution of their microbial destruction. Backscattered electrons in a scanning electron microscope (BSE‐SEM) were used for visual assessment of bioerosion. Visual data from the histological analysis were transformed into quantitative data using the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) toolkit. The results show that the presence of bioerosion is different between the two groups of samples. The bones from settlement pits display extensive bioerosion whereas the bones from graves display no or arrested bioerosion. The absence of bioerosion in graves is most probably linked with tomb burials of Corded Ware Culture. Given the tombs are frequently not preserved archaeologically, the state of bone bioerosion may serve as an indicator of their existence.
Folliculitis decalvans and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a significant association
Authors: Matard Bruno , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Cavalié Marine , Chiaverini Christine , Reygagne Pascal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work reports 30 cases of folliculitis decalvans (FD) in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) among a cohort of 125 DEB patients seen between 2010 and 2021 in 2 French expert centers for the management of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Such an association between two rare diseases cannot be fortuitous and implies a physiopathological link that we discuss in this paper. This association is a new significant fact to add to the reflexion on FD causes, suggesting that skin abnormality of DEB could act as a factor of a specific skin barrier alteration which could favor FD. Scarring alopecia with tufted folliculitis and pustules on inflamed skin at the vertex of a woman with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.