bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Trust in Shaping Children's Approaches to Peer Dialogue
Authors: James Jennifer Hauver , Kobe Jessica F. , Zhao Xiaoying 
Published: September 2022

Background/Context Research reveals that peer dialogue can contribute to improved cognitive ability and reasoning, increased tolerance for difference, and appreciation for talk as a means of problem solving. When invited to participate in such dialogue, however, not all children do, and often, degrees of engagement reflect demographic patterns. Purpose The researchers sought to understand what shapes students’ decisions about if and how to engage in peer dialogue. Research Design This exploratory study examined children's approaches to a deliberative dialogue session with their peers in which they were tasked with reaching consensus about how to spend money allotted for playground equipment. Data Collection and Analysis Data included interview transcripts from conversations held with 18 children (aged 9–11) prior to their participation in the session. Transcripts underwent an iterative process of inductive and deductive coding. Findings/Results The authors detail several differing goals children held as they prepared for dialogue and explain how those goals shaped the roles they intended to assume. They then explore children's assessments of their peers’ trustworthiness—a powerful indicator of if and how they would participate. Conclusions/Recommendations The authors discuss avenues for further research and suggest that given the critical role of trust in children's approaches to dialogue, educators should take seriously the responsibility of creating spaces in which all children feel they can take the risks necessary to learn.
Individual and Institutional Factors of Applied STEM Coursetaking in High School
Authors: Sublett Cameron , Gottfried Michael A. 
Published: September 2022

Background/Context One approach to address the shortage of STEM-proficient high school graduates has been the development of applied STEM coursework, which seeks to increase STEM interest and retention by illustrating the interconnectedness and accessibility of STEM concepts. Importantly, however, no research has yet examined which student and institutional factors are associated with applied STEM coursetaking. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study The current study poses three questions: (a) What student factors are related to applied STEM coursetaking in high school? (b) What school factors are related to applied STEM coursetaking in high school? (c) How is the influence of these factors different based on the timing of course taken? Population/Participants/Subjects This study uses data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002. ELS:2002 provides complete transcript data for ∼ 90% of the students in the sample. Importantly, parent and teacher questionnaires were also gathered in the base year of the study. ELS:2002, therefore, represents a rich, nationally representative multilevel dataset with complete student coursetaking records along with parent, teacher, and school administrator data. Research Design This study relies on secondary data analyses and a series of logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. There were four key outcome variables, including: (a) a binary indicator of enrollment in at least one applied STEM course during high school, (b) a binary measure of whether a student had enrolled in at least one SRE-specific applied STEM course, (c) a binary measure of whether a student had enrolled in at least one IT-specific applied STEM course. To construct the fourth and final outcome variable, we divided applied STEM coursetaking into three categories: early, late, and never. Findings The findings for the first research question suggested that women were significantly less likely to enroll in applied STEM courses. The findings for the second research question suggested that institutional factors were only weakly related to applied STEM enrollment. The findings for the third research question did not suggest major trends in when students enrolled in applied STEM. Rather, it appears that students enroll in applied STEM courses throughout high school. Conclusions/Recommendations This study illustrated that rather than increasing the number of traditionally underrepresented student groups in STEM, applied STEM courses may be contributing to the much-discussed “gender gap” in STEM education. Policymakers and school leaders must examine the mechanisms behind this stratification; future research should explore, perhaps through qualitative inquiry, why women and students with disabilities choose to not take these courses.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a comprehensive education on low back pain treatment outcomes: A controlled clinical study
Authors: Kanaan Saddam F. , Alhendi Zainab M. , Almhdawi Khader A. , Aldahamsheh Zaid , Ismail Noor , Khalil Hanan 
Published: September 2022

Objectives To investigate the effect of integrating an individualized, evidence-based low back pain comprehensive education package on low back pain treatment outcomes. Design Single-blind, controlled clinical study using the alternate allocation of patients. Setting Outpatient clinic. Subjects In total, 54 participants with chronic low back pain (46.75 ± 11.11 years, 80% females) were randomized to intervention ( n = 27) or a control group ( n = 27). Intervention The intervention group received additional four one-hour low back pain-related education sessions to eight 45 minutesstandard physical therapy sessions over 4 weeks. Outcome measures Assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months. Outcome measures included pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), knowledge (Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire), attitude (the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire), disability (the Oswestry Disability Index), mental health symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21 scale), and fear-avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Results The intervention group showed significantly lower pain intensity ((4 weeks (3.58 ± 1.50 vs. 5.54 ± 1.92), 3 months (3.21 ± 1.74 vs. 5.69 ± 2.51)), higher knowledge ((4 weeks (21.67 ± 2.12 vs. 11.62 ± 3.47), three months (22.08 ± 3.40 vs. 12.23 ± 3.24)), lower negative attitudes ((4 weeks (99.29 ± 11.02 vs. 134.31 ± 12.97), 3 months (102.92 ± 15.58 vs. 132.42 ± 17.79)), lower disability ((4 weeks (26.30 ± 11.37 vs. 45.14 ± 18.67), 3 months (22.83 ± 16.06 vs. 44.13 ± 15.02)), lower stress score ((4 weeks (3.54 ± 3.01 vs. 8.81 ± 5.19), 3 months (3.21 ± 3.22 vs. 7.21 ± 4.36)), lower anxiety ((4 weeks (2.63 ± 3.16 vs. 6.42 ± 4.75), three months (2.63 ± 3.80 vs. 5.73 ± 4.44)), lower depression ((4 weeks (2.42 ± 2.15 vs. 6.42 ± 3.68), three months (2.63 ± 4.18 vs. 7.08 ± 4.41)), and lower fear-avoidance ((4 weeks (13.88 ± 12.32 vs. 50.88 ± 23.25), three months (15.50 ± 16.75 vs. 54.65 ± 31.81)). Conclusion Integrating low back pain comprehensive education into standard physical therapy might optimize the treatment outcomes of low back pain.
Long-term Natural History of Unrepaired Stable Ramp Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis of 28 Patients With a Minimum Follow-up of 20 Years
Authors: Tuphé Pierre , Foissey Constant , Unal Pauline , Vieira Thais Dutra , Chambat Pierre , Fayard Jean-Marie , Thaunat Mathieu 
Published: September 2022

Background: There is a lack of consensus about whether stable ramp lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries need to be repaired. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how many stable ramp lesions left in situ during ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have subsequently failed after >20 years of follow-up. We hypothesized that ACL-reconstructed knees with ramp lesions left in situ without repair have a high risk of meniscal failure over the long term. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR by a single experienced surgeon between January 1998 and December 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Included were all cases of longitudinal tears in the meniscocapsular junction or the red zone of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus that were left in situ and identified through the anterior portals. Successful anterior probing confirmed a meniscal tear of the posterior segment. A lesion was considered stable if it was ≤2 cm and did not extend beyond the lower pole of the femoral condyle. The following data were collected preoperatively and at the last follow-up: demographics, time to surgery, side-to-side laxity, pivot shift, Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner activity scale, and meniscal failure rate. We defined 2 groups based on our findings: medial meniscal failure versus no medial meniscal failure. Results: A total of 716 knees underwent primary ACLR during this period. The 39 (5.4%) stable unrepaired ramp lesions identified were included in the case series. Mean ± standard deviation follow-up was 262.1 ± 10.5 months. Eleven patients (28%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining patients, 8 (28.6%) had a medial meniscal failure, of which 6 (21.4%) were bucket-handle tears. The average time elapsed before complications was 87.8 ± 52 months (range, 6-156 months). The medial meniscal survival rate was 93% at 5 years, 75% at 10 years, and 71% at 15 and 20 years. The failure event mainly happened between 96 and 120 months (8 and 10 years) after ACLR. No risk factors for failure were found, but some trends appeared, such as older age, higher body mass index, and preoperative rotational instability. All postoperative scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up ( P < .0001); 16 patients (57%) returned to their sport of choice. Conclusion: With nearly one-third of patients developing meniscal complications, including a large share of bucket-handle tears and mostly occurring 8 years after the ACLR, it may not be wise to leave stable ramp lesions unrepaired.
Interval cancer audit and disclosure in breast screening programmes: An international survey
Authors: Fitzpatrick Patricia , Byrne Helen , Flanagan Fidelma , O’Doherty Ann , Connors Alissa , Larke Aideen , O’Laoide Risteard , Williams Yvonne , Mooney Therese 
Published: September 2022

Objective and Setting Accurate monitoring of interval cancers is important both for quality improvement and education and is a key parameter of breast screening quality assurance. Issues in relation to communication regarding interval cervical cancer in the Irish cervical screening programme were found, prompting interval cancer process review in all cancer screening programmes. An international survey to examine international consensus on interval breast cancer audit processes was conducted to inform Irish processes. Methods A survey of 24 international population-based breast screening programmes was done to determine which undertook audit of interval breast cancer; if yes, they were asked (1) how they undertake audit, (2) if they obtain individual consent for audit and inform women of audit results, and (3) if disclosure of audit results occurs. Results Response was 71% (17/24). Of these, 71% (12/17) have a programmatic audit process to calculate the interval cancer rate (ICR). Of these, ten also carry out radiological reviews, three using a blinded review. Two inform patients that audit is taking place; two provide choice to be in the audit; nine state that routine screening consent covers audit. For two of the five that have an open disclosure policy for medical incidents, this policy applies to screening interval cancers. One other country/region has an open disclosure policy for category 3 interval cancers only. Five have legal protection for interval cancers arising in the screened population. Conclusion While consistency in providing aggregate programmatic audits exists, there is no consistent approach to individual interval cancer reviews or results disclosure.
Prognostic Relevance of Change in Body Mass Index in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Xiang , Wang Bingyi , Zheng Fei , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Chuanben 
Published: September 2022

Objective To assess the effect of pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and the extent of change in BMI (ΔBMI) during the treatment course on the treatment outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods Data pertaining to 498 consecutive NPC patients with stage I–IVA disease who received VMAT between January 2010 and November 2011 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment BMI and ΔBMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of ΔBMI. Results The 5-year loco-regional failure-free (L-FFR), distant failure-free survival (D-FFR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 90.6%, 83.7%, 71.5% and 79.3%, respectively. The 5-year L-FFR, D-FFR, DFS, OS rates for NPC patients with ΔBMI ≤1 kg/m2 vs ΔBMI >1 kg/m2 were 92.3% vs 89.3% ( P = .137), 90.9% vs 78.5% ( P < .001), 80.4% vs 65.1% ( P < .001), and 88.0% vs 73.0% ( P < .001), respectively. ΔBMI >1 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of D-FFR ( P = .002), DFS ( P = .002), and OS ( P = .001). Conclusions ΔBMI during treatment course may have a significant impact on the prognosis of NPC patients receiving VMAT.
No differences between adults with and without autism in audiovisual synchrony perception
Authors: Weiland Ricarda F , Polderman Tinca JC , Smit Dirk JA , Begeer Sander , Van der Burg Erik 
Published: September 2022

To facilitate multisensory processing, the brain binds multisensory information when presented within a certain maximum time lag (temporal binding window). In addition, and in audiovisual perception specifically, the brain adapts rapidly to asynchronies within a single trial and shifts the point of subjective simultaneity. Both processes, temporal binding and rapid recalibration, have been found to be altered in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Here, we used a large adult sample (autism spectrum disorder: n = 75, no autism spectrum disorder: n = 85) to replicate these earlier findings. In this study, audiovisual stimuli were presented in a random order across a range of stimulus onset asynchronies, and participants indicated whether they were perceived simultaneously. Based on the synchrony distribution, their individual temporal binding window and point of subjective simultaneity were calculated. Contrary to previous findings, we found that the temporal binding window was not significantly different between both groups. Rapid recalibration was observed for both groups but did not differ significantly between groups. Evidence of an age effect was found which might explain discrepancies to previous studies. In addition, neither temporal binding window nor rapid recalibration was correlated with self-reported autistic symptoms or sensory sensitivity. Lay abstract It has been known for a long time that individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder perceive the world differently. In this study, we investigated how people with or without autism perceive visual and auditory information. We know that an auditory and a visual stimulus do not have to be perfectly synchronous for us to perceive them as synchronous: first, when the two are within a certain time window (temporal binding window), the brain will tell us that they are synchronous. Second, the brain can also adapt quickly to audiovisual asynchronies (rapid recalibration). Although previous studies have shown that people with autism spectrum disorder have different temporal binding windows, and less rapid recalibration, we did not find these differences in our study. However, we did find that both processes develop over age, and since previous studies tested only young people (children, adolescents, and young adults), and we tested adults from 18 to 55 years, this might explain the different findings. In the end, there might be quite a complex story, where people with and without autism spectrum disorder perceive the world differently, even dependent on how old they are.
Syntactic licensing in heritage Spanish: Psych verbs and the middle voice
Authors: Gonzalez Becky 
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives: This study examines the licensing pattern and resulting syntactic distribution of the middle voice across object experiencer psych verbs in intermediate and advanced heritage Spanish bilinguals and Spanish-dominant sequential bilinguals. Design: Participants completed a judgment task with aural stimuli containing sentences in the middle voice with contrastive types of object experiencer psych verbs ([±change of state]). Data and analysis: Aggregate results from the judgment task were entered into a mixed-effects linear regression model with fixed effects of group and verb type. Individual results (by verb and participant) are also discussed. Conclusion: Heritage Speakers (HSs) at varying levels of proficiency display consistent knowledge of the licensing pattern that results in the syntactic distribution of the middle voice across object experiencer psych verbs. Variability in the data reflects lexical semantic representational differences for specific verbs in individual grammars. Originality: This study applies a recent lexical semantic account of object experiencer verbs in Spanish to a novel syntactic construction and fills a gap in the Spanish heritage literature by examining a previously unstudied phenomenon—the middle voice. This provides an opportunity to inform (1) questions related to the role of lexical semantics in the heritage grammar and (2) theoretical proposals related to the nature of variability in heritage language grammars. Implications: These data provide additional evidence that licensing patterns at the syntax-lexical semantics interface are an area of stability in the heritage grammar and underscore the role of variability in the input in the resulting adult bilingual grammar.
The prognosis of pre-frail chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients for hospitalizations and mortality depends on their level of functional physical performance
Authors: Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Gacto-Sánchez Mariano , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Escolar-Reina Pilar , Sánchez-Martínez María Piedad 
Published: September 2022

Objective To determine if pre-frail Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with poor and non-poor performance in the five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5-STS) had a worse prognosis for hospitalization and mortality at 2 years and for mortality at 5 years than non-frail patients. Methods We prospectively included patients with stable COPD, between 40 and 80 years, from a hospital in Spain. Patients were classified according their performance on the 5-STS test and level of frailty. Timing, number of hospitalizations, length of stay, and timing and rate of mortality were outcome measures. Patients were followed for 2 years for exacerbations and for 5 years for mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazard analyses, ANOVA tests and univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used. Results Of the 125 patients included, 25.6% were pre-frail with poor performance, 57% pre-frail with non-poor performance, and 17.4% non-frail with non-poor performance. Pre-frail patients with poor performance had a higher number of hospitalizations (adjusted beta: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.01–0.96), mortality rates (odds ratio: 11.33; 95% CI: 1.15–110.81), and risk at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 8.77; 95% CI: 1.02–75.51) than non-frail patients. Pre-frail patients with poor performance also had worse prognoses than non-frail patients with respect to length of hospital stays (increased by 4.16 days) and timing to first hospitalization (HR: 6.01) in unadjusted models, but not when adjusted. Conclusion The COPD prognosis of pre-frail patients with respect to the number of exacerbations with hospitalization and the timing and rate of mortality is dependent of functional performance.
Long-term results of distal oblique bundle reinforcement for treatment of chronic bidirectional instability of the distal radioulnar joint
Authors: Verbeek Diederik O. , Wilssens Nicholas O. J. , ten Bosch Jan A. , Hannemann Pascal F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Distal oblique bundle (DOB) reinforcement for treatment of post-traumatic bidirectional instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) has previously been reported. The objective of the current study was to assess the incidence of symptomatic graft failure and the need for secondary wrist procedures at a longer follow-up in an updated patient cohort of 27 patients with 28 DOB reinforcement procedures. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and patient-rated wrist/hand evaluation (PRWHE) outcome measures were also evaluated. At median 82 months follow-up, pre- to postoperative QuickDASH score improved from a mean of 62 (SD 14) to 31 (SD 22) ( p < 0.01) and PRWHE score from a mean of 67 (SD 17) to 34 (SD 23) ( p < 0.01). Symptomatic graft failure with resultant painful DRUJ instability occurred in four out of 28 procedures, which was better than the published results of alternative surgical options for DRUJ instability. DOB reinforcement presents a relatively safe, effective and durable method for treatment of post-traumatic DRUJ instability. Level of evidence: III
A process evaluation of Promotional Guides used by health visitors to support men’s transition to fatherhood: a qualitative study
Authors: Baldwin S , Malone M , Sandall J , Bick D 
Published: September 2022

Background: Health visitors play an important role in supporting new parents in their transition to parenthood. A programme known as the Promotional Guide system is used by many health visitors in England with mothers and fathers to support this transition, but there is little known about health visitors’ views of the Promotional Guides, how they are used in practice or barriers to effective implementation with fathers. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the following: (1) health visitors’ use of Promotional Guides with fathers, (2) health visitors’ assessment of father’s mental health and wellbeing and (3) facilitators and barriers to using Promotional Guides in practice. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study and a process evaluation informed by the Medical Research Council guidance were conducted. A purposive sample of 11 health visitors was interviewed, and an additional seven were observed using the Promotional Guides in practice. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Results: Five main themes were identified from interview and observational data as follows: (1) Enquiry into fathers’ mental health, (2) Promotional Guides in practice, (3) health visitors’ perceptions of the Promotional Guides system, (4) barriers to using Promotional Guides with fathers and (5) facilitators and recommendations for using Promotional Guides with fathers. This study identified a number of barriers and facilitators to the use of Promotional Guides with fathers. Recommendations were made for improving services for first-time fathers, implementing the Promotional Guide system with fathers and highlighting areas for future research. Conclusion: This study considered the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of using the Promotional Guide programme with fathers from the health visitor’s perspective. The findings provided an insight into health visitors’ experiences of working with fathers, inquiring about men’s mental health needs and their use of the Promotional Guides with men during the perinatal period.