bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Serum Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium and Iron) Concentrations in Pediatric Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion in Iraq
Authors: K. Fakree Najwan 
Published: September 2022

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common disease especially among young children (before school age) and it is one of the common causes of acquired hearing loss in childhood. Pediatric patients with OME are usually undernourished. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the serum levels of trace elements (zinc, copper, magnesium, iron) have a role in the development of OME in children. This study carried out on 55 children and subdivided them into two groups. Group 1 (patient group) consist of 30 children suffering from OME and group 2 (control group) included 25 apparently healthy children. Serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium and iron were measured for both groups. Comparison the results between the two groups showed that group 1(patients) had significantly lower serum zinc, copper, and iron levels than group2 (P <0.05).
Meanwhile the differences between the two groups in terms of serum values of magnesium were not statistically significant (p>0.05). This study postulated that serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron may have a role in the development of OME in children. While, serum magnesium may not have effect on the development of OME in children.
Keyword: Pediatrics, Otitis media, Trace elements.
Effect of Metformin Treatment on some Blood Biomarkers in Women with Endometriosis.
Authors: A.Omer Noor , A.Taher Muhammad , Dh Skheel Aljebory Henan 
Published: September 2022

Endometriosis is a common women health disorder that occurs when Endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus. This may lead to irregular bleeding , pelvic pain, infertility and other complications. Metformin, because of its activity to improve insulin sensitivity, it is used for the treatment of diabetes; it also has a modulatory effect on ovarian steroid production and has anti-inflammatory properties, all may suggest its possible effect in treatment of endometriosis. This study was planned to determine the effect of metformin on serum levels of interleukin- eight(IL-8), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF â€“Î±) and estradiol (E2) production , and related symptomatic changes that accompany with endometriosis (pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and menorrheaga) after three months of study. Blood samples were obtained from those taking metformin and measure the serum levels of (IL-8) , TNF â€“Î± and (E2) were measured before and after three months of taking a metformin .Metformin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the clinical symptoms of endometriosis (pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea) and insignificant changes in menorrhagia. Metformin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the serum levels of IL-8, TNF- Î± while insignificant reduction in estradiol E 2 in the study group after 3 months of treatment .In conclusion the results of this study, demonstrated that metformin may be a well-tolerated treatment for endometriosis that relieved pain and reduces menstrual disorders and serum levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-8 and TNF-Î±) are decreased in study group treated with metformin after 3 months due to its anti- inflammatory effects.
Keywords: Endometriosis, Metformin, TNF â€“ a ,IL-8, E 2.
Posterior-based resection of spinal meningiomas: an institutional experience of 141 patients with an average of 28 months of follow-up
Authors: Haddad Alexander F. , Safaee Michael M. , Pereira Matheus P. , Oh Jun Yeop , Lau Darryl , Tan Lee A. , Clark Aaron J. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Spinal meningiomas pose unique challenges based on the location of their dural attachment. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating the role of dural attachment location on outcomes after posterior-based approach for spinal meningioma resection. The aim of this study was to investigate any differences in outcomes between dural attachment location subgroups in spinal meningioma patients who underwent posterior-based resection.

METHODS
This was a single-institution review of patients who underwent resection of a spinal meningioma from 1997 to 2017. Surgical, oncological, and neurological outcomes were compared between patients with varying dural attachments. Multivariate analysis was utilized.

RESULTS
A total of 141 patients were identified. The mean age was 62 years, and 110 women were included. The sites of dural attachments were as follows: 16 (11.3%) dorsal, 31 (22.0%) dorsolateral, 17 (12.1%) lateral, 40 (28.4%) ventral, and 37 (26.2%) ventrolateral. Most meningiomas were WHO grade I (92.2%) and in the thoracic spine (61.0%). All patients underwent a posterior approach for tumor resection. There were no differences between subgroups in terms of largest diameter of tumor resected (p = 0.201), gross-total resection (GTR) or subtotal resection (p = 0.362), Simpson grade of resection, perioperative complications (p = 0.116), long-term neurological deficit (p = 0.100), or postoperative radiation therapy (p = 0.971). Cervical spine location was associated with reduced incidence of GTR (OR 0.271, 95% CI 0.108–0.684, p = 0.006) on multivariate analysis. The overall incidence of recurrence/progression was 4.6%, with no difference (p = 0.800) between subgroups. Similarly, the average length of follow-up was 28.1 months, with no difference between subgroups (p = 0.413).

CONCLUSIONS
Posterior-based approaches for resection of spinal meningiomas are safe and effective, regardless of dural attachment location, with similar surgical, oncological, and neurological outcomes. Comparison of long-term recurrence rates between dural attachment subgroups is required.
Incidence and risk factors of dural ossification in patients with thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum
Authors: Zhao Yongzhao , Xiang Qian , Jiang Shuai , Lin Jialiang , Wang Longjie , Sun Chuiguo , Li Weishi 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Dural ossification (DO) is a common clinical feature in patients with thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and associated with the increased risk of perioperative complications. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the incidence and independent risk factors of DO in patients with thoracic OLF. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence and independent risk factors of DO in patients with thoracic OLF.

METHODS
A total of 107 patients with thoracic OLF who were admitted to the authors’ hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were included in this study. The independent risk factors of DO in patients with thoracic OLF were determined through univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with p < 0.05. The diagnostic efficacy of the DO in OLF (DO-OLF) risk classification model was determined on the basis of independent risk factors and evaluated on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate.

RESULTS
The incidence of DO in patients with thoracic OLF was 35% (37/107 patients). The tuberous type according to the Sato classification (OR 9.75, p < 0.01) and larger (≥ 9°) supine local kyphosis angle (LKA) (OR 8.13, p < 0.01) were two independent risk factors of DO in thoracic OLF. The DO-OLF risk classification, a novel approach for the diagnosis of DO in patients with thoracic OLF, was established on the basis of the combination of the tuberous type according to the Sato classification and larger supine LKA. The sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate of this approach for distinguishing between patients with thoracic OLF at high and low risk of DO were 87%, 93%, and 91%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of DO in patients with thoracic OLF was 35%. The tuberous type according to the Sato classification and larger supine LKA (≥ 9°) were independent risk factors of DO in patients with thoracic OLF. The novel DO-OLF risk classification approach could serve as an efficient method for predicting DO in patients with thoracic OLF.
The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening–Child (VOMS-C) tool for concussion evaluation in 5- to 9-year-old pediatric patients: preliminary evidence
Authors: Trbovich Alicia M. , Mucha Anne , Eagle Shawn , Mehmel Bindal Makwana , Kegel Nathan , Fazio Sumrok Vanessa , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Vestibular and ocular motor dysfunction occurs in an estimated 60%–90% of concussion patients. The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool is validated for use in concussion patients older than 9 years. The goal of the current study was to adapt the current VOMS tool for a pediatric sample of children aged 5–9 years and establish its clinical utility in this patient population.

METHODS
In this case-control study, 80 symptomatic concussion patients (n = 33 [41%] female) aged 5–9 years (mean age 7.40 ± 1.09 years) and 40 (n = 18 [45%] female) age- and sex-matched uninjured controls (mean age 7.10 ± 1.26 years) completed the VOMS–Child (VOMS-C), a version of the VOMS adapted for younger patients. Differences in binary "yes" or "no" symptom provocation for headache, dizziness, and nausea/"tummy ache" across the 7 items of the VOMS-C, and near point of convergence (NPC) distance, were examined. Logistic regression (LR) models were built to classify concussion and controls. Predicted probabilities were generated from the LR model and entered into receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve models to generate area under the curve (AUC) values.

RESULTS
VOMS-C item provocation ranged from 13% to 30% for concussed patients and 3% to 20% for controls. The LR model distinguished concussed participants from controls (R2 = 0.39; p < 0.001), with significant predictors being smooth pursuits, family depression history, and NPC distance. The ROC analysis had an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.89; p < 0.001) in the good range.

CONCLUSIONS
Accurate diagnosis of concussion in the clinic setting requires comprehensive evaluation in multiple domains, including detailed clinical interview, neurocognitive testing, and vestibular/ocular motor assessment, regardless of patient age. Our results provide preliminary support for the VOMS-C as a developmentally appropriate tool for concussion management.
Active Volcanoes, Active Imaginations: Fire-Spitting Mountains and Subterraneous Roars in the German Territories in the Summer of 1783
Authors: Kleemann Katrin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the summer of 1783, a sulphuric, dry fog that lasted for several weeks covered much of Europe. As a result, the sun, moon and other celestial objects appeared 'blood-red'. Speculation in Europe was rife as to the cause of this unusual weather. In Iceland, the Laki fissure had erupted; from June 1783 to February 1784, it released the greatest volume of lava of any eruption on planet Earth in the last millennium. The ejected gases travelled to Europe and beyond via the jet stream. Unaware of the Icelandic eruption, some contemporaries from the German Territories hypothesised that the dry fog emanated from a local source, namely one or more supposed German volcanoes. This paper traces the reports of these 'eruptions' from the perspective of environmental history and presents translations of pertinent newspaper articles that have, for the most part, remained unstudied, in order to evaluate the possible reasons for the emergence of this idea.
Maize is Life! Maize Production and Environmental Transformation in Wartime Rhodesia: 1965-1979
Authors: Kwashirai Vimbai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This research examines linkages in maize production, the liberation struggle and environmental transformation in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, 1965-1979. The paper is about discourses on rural livelihoods and ecological transformation in times of crises. It uses the case study research strategy to examine wartime production of the staple maize in ten communal areas of Mount Darwin District by the Korekore people, part of the Shona ethnic group, the largest in Zimbabwe. To a large extent, the Korekore depended on maize-dominated diets and incomes. Their maize economy had far-reaching environmental ramifications in the form of deforestation and soil erosion leading to loss of biodiversity. This was at a time when the entire Mount Darwin District was the epicentre of fourteen years of, at first, low intensity warfare followed by widespread intensive and extensive rural-based guerrilla fighting, which altered maize based livelihoods and the environment. Mount Darwin District offers the best opportunity to analyse how maize farming, war and ecology interacted, because the war of independence not only began in this region in 1965, but the Korekore bore the brunt of the fighting - including confinement in several so called protected villages, keeps or makipi. Maize production was steady during the first phase of the war, 1965-72, but its potential for growth was hamstrung and disrupted with the intensification of conflict, 1973-79. While maize agriculture remained a key livelihood strategy, its continuous cultivation on the same fields resulted in environmental degeneration.
The History of the Anthropocene: Meanings and Research Trajectories
Authors: Luciano Eugenio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the Anthropocene has become a concept of multidisciplinary interest and research. A topic of particular interest has been the history of the Anthropocene. The underlying ambiguity of this topic opens it up to four different meanings, each engendering a discrete research trajectory within the emerging field of Anthropocene studies. The present contribution maps these four research trajectories stemming respectively from geology, Earth system science, environmental history and conceptual history. It also explores ways in which these histories overlap, complement or conflict with one another in understanding the global phenomenon that the Anthropocene represents. As the concept of the Anthropocene grows into a social, political and even educational vehicle for environmental communication, organising knowledge in and of the Anthropocene is an urgent task. This task requires going outside disciplinary comfort zones and engaging with neighbouring as well as distant disciplines with curiosity so as to disclose the full potential of the Anthropocene concept.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ РОЗРОБКИ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ НЕЛЕГАЛЬНОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ ВСЕРЕДИНІ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: ВЕРБИЦЬКИЙ Віталій 
Published: September 2022

В статті визначено сутність методології виявлення нелегальної міграції всередині держави під якою запропоновано розуміти сукупність прийомів та способів аналітичного дослідження сукупності нелегальних мігрантів, які перебувають в межах адміністративних кордонів України без законних підстав. Методологія виявлення нелегальної міграції всередині держави передбачає розробку окремих груп методик: методики, спрямовані на профілактику нелегальної (незаконної) міграції; методики спрямовані на оцінку масштабів нелегальної (незаконної) міграції всередині країни; методики, спрямовані на виявлення фактів нелегальної міграції та розслідування міграційних правопорушень.
Профілактику нелегальної міграції визначено як особливий вид соціального управління, напрям міграційної діяльності, який полягає в усуненні, нейтралізації чи обмеженні дії чинників (детермінант) нелегальної міграції, цілеспрямованому впливі за допомогою комплексу спеціально розроблених законних засобів на систему суспільних відносин, які складаються у сфері міграційних відносин, що має за мету стимулювання фізичних осіб та інших суб'єктів міграційних відносин до правомірної поведінки, перешкоджання порушенню ними міграційного законодавства.
Запропонована класифікація методик спрямованих на оцінку масштабів нелегальної (незаконної) міграції всередині країни: статистичні методи; опитувальні методи; мультиплікативні методи; непрямі методи.
Визначено, що група методик, спрямованих на виявлення фактів нелегальної міграції та розслідування міграційних правопорушень, повинна включала в себе опис окремих тактичних прийомів, операцій та тактичних комбінацій, спрямованих на виявлення фактів нелегальної нелегальної (незаконної) міграції.
Interactions of Population, Health, and Place in a Spatially Explicit Heat Vulnerability Assessment
Authors: Rinner Claus 
Published: September 2022

<p>Urban sprawl and growth has experienced increased concern in geographic and environmental literature. Preceding the existence of robust frameworks found in regional and urban planning, as well as urban geography and economics, the spatial properties of allocation of urban land use are still far from being completely understood. This is largely due to the underlying complexity of the change found at spatial level of urban land use, merging social, economic and natural drivers. The spatial patterns formed, and the connectivity established among the different subsets of landuse types, becomes a complex network of interactions over time, helping to shape the structure of the city. The possibility to merge the configuration of land-use with complex networks may be assessed elegantly through graph theory. Nodes and edges can become abstract representations of typologies of space and are represented into a topological space of different land use types which traditionally share common spatial boundaries. Within a regional framework, the links between adjacent and neighboring urban land use types become better understood, by means of a Kamada-Kawai algorithm. This study uses land use in Lisbon over three years, 1990, 2000 and 2006, to develop a Kamada-Kawai graph interpretation of land-use as a result of neighboring power. The rapid change witnessed in Lisbon since the nineties, as well as the availability of CORINE Land Cover data in these three time stamps, permits a reflection on anthropogenic land-use change in urban and semi-urban areas in Portugal’s capital. This paper responds to (1) the structure and connectivity of urban land use over time, demonstrating that most of the agricultural land is stressed to transform to urban, gaining a central role in future. (2) Offer a systemic approach to land-use transitions generating what we call spatial memory, where land use change is often unpredictable over space, but becomes evident in a graph theory framework, and (3) advance in the geovisual understanding of spatial phenomena in land use transitions by means of graph theory. Thus, the structure of this combined method enables urban and landscape to have a better understanding of the spatial interaction of land-use types within the city, promoting an elegant solution to rapid geovisualization for land-use management in general. </p>
ANALISIS PENENTUAN DISPENSASI PERNIKAHAN PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Zubaidah St. , Amruzi Fahmi Al , Muzainah Gusti 
Published: September 2022

Dispensasi kawin yang diberikan oleh Pengadilan kepada calon suami istri yang belum mencapai batas umur terendah agar dapat melangsungkan perkawinan, sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, kemudian direvisi dengan UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 yang mempersamakan batas minimal perkawinan menjadi 19 tahun baik bagi laki-laki maupun bagi perempuan, semula 19 tahun bagi laki-laki dan 16 tahun bagi perempuan. Undang-Undang tersebut juga mengharuskan setiap permohonan dispensasi kawin terdapat alasan sangat mendesak disertai bukti-bukti pendukung yang cukup, sehingga hakim dapat mengabulkan atau menolak dispensasi perkawinan yang diajukan, termasuk dalam hal ini Hakim Pengadilan Agama di Kalimantan Selatan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif analisis, baik data primer dan data sekunder, dengan lokasi penelitian Pengadilan Agama di Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sekian banyak permohonan perkara dispensasi kawin yang diajukan lebih banyak (mayoritas) mendapatkan penetapan dikabulkan.
Konstruksi berdasarkan situasi dan kondisi masyarakat terhadap UU Nomor 16 tahun 2019, terutama dalam hal penerapan ketentuan alasan mendesak, yang tidak hanya dimaknai telah terjadinya perbuatan zina ataupun perbuatan yang melanggar norma, namun harus dipahami mendesak dalam arti telah adanya kemampuan baik secara fisik maupun psikis, telah adanya kemampuan untuk bertanggung jawab, sehingga tujuan perkawinan membentuk rumah tangga yang bahagia, sejahtera dapat terwujud. Upaya mekonstruksi ketentuan alasan mendesak dispensasi kawin, yaitu dengan mengubah dalam tataran normatif perundang-undangan dan pada tahadap praktis dalam putusan dan penetapan hakim. Kebutuhan tersebut paling tidak didasarkan pada kesiapan fisik, mental, emosional, pendidikan, sosial, dan ekonomi.
Values of Literary Texts for Language Pedagogy: A Practical Proposition
Authors: Araminta Lavinia Disa Winona 
Published: September 2022

Fiksi dan karya sastra telah diklaim memiliki potensi yang menjanjikan sebagai sumber materi untuk pengajaran bahasa kedua meskipun yang menentang gagasan tersebut beranggapan bahwa sastra tidak cocok untuk pedagogi bahasa kedua. Namun demikian, ada studi kasus empiris yang mentunjukkan keberhasilan dan/atau keunggulan menggunakan sastra untuk mengajar bahasa kedua. Studi menunjukkan bahwa sastra masih memiliki banyak cara yang ditawarkan dalam memfasilitasi pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan nilai-nilai dari tiga jenis teks sastra, yaitu novel, puisi, dan drama untuk pedagogi bahasa dan menggambarkan kegiatan kelas yang dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan tiga contoh teks tersebut.Fiction and literary work has been claimed to have promising potential as a source of materials for second language teaching although opponents of that idea argue that literature is not suitable for second language pedagogy. Nevertheless, there have been empirical case studies which report the success and/or advantages of using literature for teaching a second language. Studies suggest that literature still has much to offer in facilitating second language learning. This article will elucidate the values of three types of literary texts, namely novels, poetry, and plays, for language pedagogy and illustrate classroom activities that can be carried out using three examples of texts.Keywords: Fiction, literary text, language pedagogy
Imagery In The Poem “Siap Sedia” By Chairil Anwar
Authors: Panjaitan Indra Purnawan 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis imaji yang terdapat dalam puisi Siap Sedia karya Chairil Anwar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data tertulis berupa imajiner dalam puisi Siap Sedia karya Chairil Anwar. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik notetaking. Berdasarkan analisis imajiner dalam puisi Siap Sedia karya Chairil Anwar, dapat disimpulkan bahwa karya penyair menggunakan beberapa imajiner seperti visual, auditori, dan tackle. Imajiner visual terdapat pada Bait 1, 2, dan 7. Imajiner tackle terdapat pada Bait 4, 5. dan Imajiner pendengaran hanya terdapat pada Bait 3. Jadi, imajiner visual yang terdapat hampir pada setiap bait.This research aims to describe the types of imagery in the poem Siap Sedia by Chairil Anwar. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This type of research is library research. The data that is used in this research is written data such as imagery in the poem Siap Sedia by Chairil Anwar. The technique that is used to collect data in this study is the notetaking technique. Based on the imagery analysis in the poetry Siap Sedia by Chairil Anwar, it can be concluded that the work of the poet uses several images such as visual imagery, Auditory imagery, and tactle imagery. Visual imagery can be found in Stanza 1, 2, and 7. Tactle imagery can be found in Stanza 4, 5. and Auditory imagery only can be found in Stanza 3. So, Visual imagery that is almost in every stanza.Keywords: Literary, Poetry, Imagery