bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of hearing loss in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Hearing loss is a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the causes and patterns of hearing loss at a private hospital that serves the largest number of patients with ear, nose and throat diseases in Tanzania’s largest city.
Method: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted at a private hospital in Dar es Salaam. Data were collected from January to June 2021 and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. P-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Of the 250 patients recruited with hearing loss, there were 115 (46%) males and 135 (54%) females (F:M ratio of 1.2:1). The commonest cause of hearing loss was presbyacusis 132 (52.8%) followed by ototoxicity 26 (10.4%) and chronic suppurative otitis media 26(10.4%). Based on laterality, 73.2% of the patients had unilateral hearing loss whereas 26.8% had bilateral hearing loss. Regarding the type of hearing loss, 85.6% of the patients had sensorineural hearing loss followed by conductive type (13.2%) and mixed hearing loss (1.2%). Based on severity, 40.8% of the patients had moderate hearing loss followed by both moderately severe and severe hearing loss each accounting for 18% of cases.
Conclusion: Sensorineural hearing loss was the commonest type of hearing loss in this study. Both unilateral hearing loss according to laterality and moderate hearing loss upon classifying by severity predominated. Age‑related hearing loss was the most common cause of hearing loss followed by ototoxicity and chronic suppurative otitis media.
Europian Union and dilemas unresolved balkan
Authors: Kastrati Shqipe , Kastrati Albana 
Published: November 2022

The Europian Union is a “sui generis”organization(a special type),which one is evolving over the time.This organization is a conglomerate of nations which have a single goal,the progres of their country,in principle,always working through the advancement of the organization in general. Ways of organizing and the functioning of the EU, with some modifications, the weathered dignity,the challenge of growth.How ever,the changes can only move forward.
Given this fact,we refer to the most important challenge of Europe and his Constitution.Ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon cut”troubled souls”in the EU since it is know that the treaty contained over 70% of the content of the Europian Constitutional Treaty.We can say that the Europian politics,this time has passed the test of challenging which was submitted to the mark the continuation of reforms in contradiction with their slowdown and stagnation.
With the beginning of the democratic development in Easter Europe,the Albanians were the first who asked for their right to self-determination.For European recognition of the new republic crucial was status of a Republic and the combination of the principles of the concept of “European” and that “classic”. When there was not stability in Balkans,when the war in former Yugoslavia started in Slovenia,Croatia,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Kosovo was not independent,when the war began in the Presheva Valley,and in Macedonia,Kosovo was not independent. In a conclusion the answer to this wrong perception would be: the independence of Kosovo has stabilized the Balkans.
Balance global del proceso de negociación entre el gobierno y el FMLN
Authors: Acevedo Carlos 
Published: November 2022

Con el Acuerdo de Paz, firmado el 16 de enero último en ciudad de México, el gobierno salvadoreño y el FMLN han formalizado el cese definitivo de once años de confrontación bélica, y dado culmen a un largo proceso de negociación, cuyas primeras iniciativas se remontan a los orígenes mismos del conflicto. El objetivo del presente artículo es efectuar un balance de los compromisos de paz que han resultado de ese proceso, y que abarcan cuatro grandes bloques de acuerdos -los acuerdos sobre derechos humanos, firmados en San José, Costa Rica, en julio de 1990; los acuerdos sobre reformas constitucionales, suscritos en México, en abril de 1991; y los acuerdos de Nueva York I y Nueva York 11,firmados en septiembre y diciembre de 1991, respectivamente- más el calendario de ejecución acordado en Nueva York, en el mes de enero recién pasado. El artículo está dividido en tres grandes partes. En la primera, se presenta una rápida visión diacrónica del proceso de negociación, haciendo hincapié sobre todo en su última fase decisiva, comprendida entre enero de 1989 y enero de 1992. En la segunda parte, se efectúa el balance propiamente dicho de los logros de la negociación; y en la tercera se examinan los principales factores, endógenos y exógenos, que posibilitaron los acuerdos de paz, para concluir con un breve apartado sobre los retos políticos para el futuro cercano.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 47, No. 519-520, 1992: 15-53.
Evaluating the accuracy of gridded water resources reanalysis and evapotranspiration products for assessing water security in poorly gauged basins
Authors: Nkiaka Elias , Bryant Robert G. , Ntajal Joshua , Biao Eliézer I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Achieving water security in poorly gauged basins is critically hindered by a lack of in situ river discharge data to assess past, current, and future
evolution of water resources. To overcome this challenge, there has been a
shift toward the use of freely available satellite and reanalysis data
products. However, due to inherent bias and uncertainty, these secondary
sources require careful evaluation to ascertain their performance before
being applied in poorly gauged basins. The objectives of this study were to
evaluate river discharge and evapotranspiration estimates from eight gridded water resources reanalysis (WRR), six satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) products, and ET estimates derived from complimentary relationship (CR–ET) across eight river basins located in Central–West Africa. Results highlight strengths and weaknesses of the different WRR in simulating discharge dynamics and ET across the basins. Likewise, satellite-based products also show some strength and weaknesses in simulating monthly ET. Our results further revealed that the performance of the different models in simulating river discharge and evapotranspiration is strongly influenced by model structure, input data, and spatial resolution. Considering all hydrological model evaluation criteria, FLDAS-Noah, Lisflood, AWRAL, and Terra were among the best performing WRR products while for ET estimates, FLDAS-Noah, Terra, GLEAM3.5a and 3.5b, and PMLV2 outperformed the rest of the products. Given the plethora of WRR and ET products available, it is imperative to evaluate their performance in representative gauged basins to identify products that can be applied in each region. However, the choice of a particular product will depend on the application and user requirements. Taking this together, results from this study suggest that gridded WRR and ET products are a useful source of data for assessing water security in poorly gauged basins.
A real-time and accurate detection approach for bucket teeth falling off based on improved YOLOX
Authors: Lu Jinnan , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. An electric shovel is a bucket-equipped mining excavator widely used in open-pit mining today. The prolonged direct impact between the
bucket teeth and the ore during the mining process will cause the teeth to
loosen prematurely or even break, resulting in unplanned downtime and
productivity losses. To solve this problem, we propose a real-time and
accurate detection algorithm of bucket teeth falling off based on improved
YOLOX. Firstly, to solve the problem of poor detection effect caused by uneven illumination, the dilated convolution attention mechanism is added to
enhance the feature expression ability of the target in complex backgrounds
so as to improve the detection accuracy of the target. Secondly, considering
the high computing cost and large delay of the embedded device, the deep
separable convolution is used to replace the traditional convolution in the
feature pyramid network, and the model compression strategy is used to prune
the redundant channels in the network, reduce the model volume, and improve
the detection speed. The performance test is carried out on the
self-constructed dataset of WK-10 electric shovel. The experimental results show that, compared with the YOLOX model, the mean average precision of the
algorithm in this paper reaches 95.26 %, only 0.33 % lower, while the
detection speed is 50.8 fps, 11.9 fps higher, and the model volume is 28.42 MB,
which is reduced to 29.46 % of the original. Compared with many other
existing methods, the target detection algorithm proposed in this paper has
the advantages of higher precision, smaller model volume, and faster speed.
It can meet the requirements of real-time and accurate detection of the
bucket teeth falling off.
Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges
Authors: Meyers Johan , Bottasso Carlo , Dykes Katherine , Fleming Paul , Gebraad Pieter , Giebel Gregor , Göçmen Tuhfe , van Wingerden Jan-Willem 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Wind farm control has been a topic of research for more than two decades. It has been identified as a core component of grand challenges in wind energy science to support accelerated wind energy deployment and to transition to a clean and sustainable energy system for the 21st century. The prospect of collective control of wind turbines in an array, to increase energy extraction, reduce structural loads, improve the balance of systems, reduce operation and maintenance costs, etc. has inspired many researchers over the years to propose innovative ideas and solutions. However, practical demonstration and commercialization of some of the more advanced concepts has been limited by a wide range of challenges, which include the complex physics of turbulent flows in wind farms and the atmosphere, uncertainties related to predicting structural load and failure statistics, and the highly multi-disciplinary nature of the overall design optimization problem, among others. In the current work, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and outstanding challenges, thus identifying the key research areas that could further enable commercial uptake and success of wind farm control solutions. To this end, we have structured the discussion on challenges and opportunities into four main areas: (1) insight in control flow physics, (2) algorithms and AI, (3) validation and industry implementation, and (4) integrating control with system design (co-design).
Types of reaction to pilocarpine in patients with low-tension glaucoma
Authors: Stepanova E. A. , Lebedev O. I. 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE. To determine the types of reaction to pilocarpine in patients with low-tension glaucoma (LTG) and study the nature of fluid outflow along the main pathways in different types of reaction to pilocarpine.METHODS. The observation group included 21 people (42 eyes) with LTG aged 51 to 80 years (average age 68±9.8 years). The criteria for inclusion in the study were emmetropic refraction and no previous laser and surgical interventions on the examined eye. The anterior chamber angle corresponded to medium–wide or wide according to the classification by A.P. Nesterov. The initial stage of LTG was established in 16 eyes, developed stage — 12 eyes, advanced stage — 14 eyes.The examination was carried out both in patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma and in patients with previously established diagnosis who received hypotensive drug therapy; in the latter case the patients were recommended to cease instillations of hypotensive drugs 10–14 days prior to the examination.RESULTS. Among the studied LTG patients, positive pilocarpine test was registered in 5 eyes (12%), negative — in 6 eyes (14%), and paradoxical — in 31 eyes (74%).The obtained data revealed no statistically significant differences in the initial values of anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial eye length between patients with paradoxical and positive reactions to pilocarpine. Therefore, there are no anatomical prerequisites for the development of a particular type of reaction to the pilocarpine test in the studied eyes.The ease of outflow coefficient (EOC) for the drainage pathway is significantly reduced in patients with positive reaction to pilocarpine, which in absolute numbers approaches normal values. In these patients the drainage outflow reserves are preserved.In persons with paradoxical reaction to pilocarpine, EOC for the drainage pathway is significantly reduced and is low in absolute numbers. Deterioration of the outflow along the uveoscleral pathway in pilocarpine instillations leads to elevated intraocular pressure.CONCLUSION. The majority of patients with low-tension glaucoma have a paradoxical reaction to the pilocarpine test. The sufficiently high sensitivity of the sample allows recommending it as a diagnostic test for this type of glaucoma.Different types of reaction to pilocarpine in patients with low-tension glaucoma are associated with the intensity of intraocular fluid outflow over the drainage and uveoscleral pathways.
Effect of oxidase sliver nanoparticles in cryptosporidium SSP. Oocysts in vitro
Authors: Abood Zainab Abdul-Gabbar , Alkhanaq May Naji , Mezail Wasan Hamza , Al-Suraifi Ali Shakir K. , Mjefi Manahel Hadi 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this research is to assessment the effect of oxidase silver nanoparticles outside the body of the organism by exposure the samples diagnosed using the modified acid fast stain and microscopic and isolated examination using the floatation into three concentrations per nano-material is(01, 0.03 and 0.05). And then examined the samples at half an hour after exposure using trypan blue stain half an hour later and calculate living and dead oocytes using the (hemocytometer) and the percentage of oocystes at The concentration of (0.01) nano-silver is (46.57%) and the concentration (0.03) nano silver was the percentage of dead oocystes (43.93%), the lowest while the dead parasite oocsyts were (48.38%).
Seasonal occurrence of Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach) and their parasitoids on cucumber crop
Authors: Dubai Elaf Sahib , Hamad Bassim Shehab , Hanawi Mohammed Jubair 
Published: November 2022

The results of this study revealed a steady increase in population density of leaf miners Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach) from 1.33 larvae/leaf at the beginning of the season to 3.3, 6, and 7 larvae/leaf with the progression of the agricultural season until 10 November, a slight drop in population occurred at the end of the season. The results revealed that the leaf miner population showed a significant negative correlation (-0.74) with maximum temperature and a non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature. The maximum percentage of factor role was 55% for maximum temperature and ( 18 %) for the minimum temperature. Two species of insect parasitoids (Diglyphus isaea and Opius sp ) Hymenoptera order were recorded on the leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae larvae and pupae. Diglyphus isaea was the most common species. It was active throughout the growing season and increased in number as the leafminer populations increased. The rate of % parasitism was 4.3 % on 7 Aug. increased to 7.8, 12.8, 20.3, and 38.2% on 1 Sept., 7 Sept., 7 Oct., and 21 Oct respectively, while the rate of % parasitism of Opius sp ranged from 2.6% to 5.9% from 14 Sept to 21 Oct.
Acompañamiento de los grupos primarios en la enseñanza- aprendizaje durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Monterroza Marni Lorena 
Published: November 2022

El estudio describe el acompañamiento que tuvieron los grupos primarios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica de El Salvador durante el primer año de pandemia por Covid-19. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta a estudiantes de las cuatro facultades de la sede Santa Ana, y se entrevistó a profesionales en psicología de las unidades de Instituto Salvadoreño de Formación Profesional y la Oficina de Asesoría Psicológica y Educativa de la misma universidad.
Se encontró que el tipo de apoyo que la familia brindó a los estudiantes fue integral, porque incluyó lo económico, emocional, técnico y tiempo dedicado. En el caso de los compañeros de clase, la relación se debilitó debido a la suspensión de clases presenciales, ya que la interacción no es la misma como si se estuviera en modalidad presencial. El grupo social con menor relevancia para el estudiante durante el primer año de pandemia fueron los vecinos; en el sentido que todas las familias estaban confinadas en sus hogares y la interacción no se podía llevar a cabo.
Es necesario que, ante el escenario incierto de finalización de pandemia por Covid-19, se establezca un plan de acompañamiento psicológico al estudiante; a fin de que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se lleve de la mejor manera y así obtener uno de los frutos más esperados: graduar a un profesional integral.
Competencias y retos de docentes UNICAES en el diseño de ambientes y recursos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Aragón Aguilar Tatiana Karina 
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar las competencias y retos que presentan los docentes de la Universidad Católica de El Salvador en el diseño de ambientes y recursos formativos en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Metodológicamente se trabajó un estudio descriptivo, con un enfoque mixto; por lo que se aplicaron las técnicas de la observación con veinte participantes; el grupo focal con diecisiete docentes y la encuesta con 258 estudiantes. Todos los participantes pertenecientes a las cuatro facultades universitarias de la sede Santa Ana.
Se determinó que los docentes de la Universidad poseen competencias en el diseño de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje, tales como: organización de la información, diseño del aula virtual, diseño instruccional, manejo de la plataforma Moodle, comunicación e interacción. Al mismo tiempo, estos desarrollaron competencias que permiten relacionar el conocimiento con herramientas para elaborar, seleccionar recursos virtuales y curar contenidos. Finalmente, entre los docentes enfrentan retos de tipo socioemocional, de acceso o disponibilidad de recursos; alfabetización digital y didáctica en entornos virtuales, entre otros.
Tipo de metodología docente aplicada en Programa virtual de cursos libres de inglés
Authors: Delgado de Hernández Johana Iveth , Majano García Vilma Lisseth 
Published: November 2022

La enseñanza del idioma inglés es un proceso que conlleva el desarrollo de una metodología docente adecuada, que ayude al estudiante al crecimiento de sus potencialidades lingüísticas y comunicativas. El uso de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje para un nuevo idioma conlleva a que los docentes apliquen estrategias y recursos diferentes a los que normalmente usan con una modalidad presencial.
Con el objetivo de profundizar y describir qué tipo de metodología se aplicaba en los programas de cursos libres de inglés de forma virtual, se observó un grupo de veintitrés docentes en las temporadas cinco y ocho, de los diferentes niveles: matutino, nocturno y sabatino. Los resultados muestran que el enfoque comunicativo está presente en la organización de clases, contenido, interacción y desarrollo de actividades.
Una metodología comunicativa permite que un estudiante sea el autor principal de su aprendizaje; permitiéndole ser más independiente, investigador y activo al desarrollar habilidades el idioma inglés.
Transformación digital: una necesidad actual para la innovación y el desarrollo de las pequeñas y medianas empresas salvadoreñas
Authors: Sayes Carlos Edmundo , Cerritos Magaña Vidal Enrique 
Published: November 2022

El proceso de transformación digital ha influido principalmente en las pequeñas y medianas empresas.
La transformación digital es un tema de mucho auge en el ambiente empresarial y académico. La pandemia por Covid-19 ha incidido de diferentes maneras en la transformación digital de los países de América Latina y el Caribe, para dar respuesta a los desafíos que encaran (CEPAL, 2020).
Esta investigación describe como se está adoptando este proceso en las empresas, buscando la mejora continua en la operatividad en general, mediante el uso de herramientas de la tecnología de la información y comunicación, como las redes sociales, publicidad en línea, sitios Web y la implementación de sistemas integrados de gestión. Todo esto para el adecuado manejo de sus datos y procesos, con el fin de mantenerse competitivo en el mercado. Además, se relatan algunas limitantes que implican la adopción de las mencionadas herramientas en las pequeñas y medianas empresas, las cuales fueron objeto de estudio.
PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS TWISTED CABLE DENGAN METODE SEVEN TOOLS DAN QUALITY CONTROLCIRCLE (QCC) DI PT VOKSEL ELECTRIC Tbk
Authors: Prakoso Subawa , Putra Yunus Amara 
Published: November 2022

Production planning increases every month, with the increase in planing it is necessary to improve quality. PT Voksel Electric Tbk is a manufacturing industry engaged in the production of power cables, telecommunications, and fiber optics. The company tries to control the quality of its products to maintain quality in accordance with the company's vision, which is to become a world-class cable solution provider in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine how to control the quality of Twisted Cable at PT Voksel electric Tbk using the seven tools and QCC methods. The increased production planning does not match the actual production . This is due to the level of production failure. In this study, the method used in quality control is seven tools that are used to analyze the causes of production failure rates. By using the PDCA cycle (plan, do, check, action) and by using seven tools as a tool to determine the cause and effect of the failure of the production process. The causes obtained are from gram dust, from crust on visual insulation, and from powder materials. By controlling the quality using the seven tools method, it can reduce production process time, production costs, and increase production capacity from 700 km to 800 km. an increase in production capacity of 100 km provides a benefit of
Rp. 470,000,000,00,-
User Satisfaction and the Social and Environmental Benefits of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Thimphu City, Bhutan
Authors: Man Rai Chandra , Dorji Yeshi , Zangmo Sangay 
Published: November 2022

Urban green spaces provide important recreational, social, and ecological benefits in urban settings. Understanding of the use and benefits associated with green spaces amongst urban residents is crucial in developing appropriate urban green infrastructure strategies. This study explored visitors’ levels of satisfaction with the benefits, characteristics, and determined factors influencing visitor satisfaction with urban green spaces. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from a random sample of 125 visitors from three urban green spaces in the capital city of Bhutan, Thimphu. Visitors' satisfaction with urban parks was assessed based on their quality, social, and environmental benefits. Descriptive statistics and an ordered logistic-regression model were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that visitors were satisfied with quality as well as the social and ecological benefits of green spaces. Results also revealed that factors significantly influencing visitor satisfaction included educational level, frequency of visit, day visit, distance from home, quality of the urban park, social benefits, and ecological benefits. Overall, the study stresses the importance of optimizing green infrastructure planning in order to promote social and environmental well-being in the face of the growing populations in urban areas.