bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘WAIT’ … A Mobile App To Navigate and Assist Towards Polite and Effective Online Communication.
Authors: Singh Kuldip Kaur Maktiar , Vijayarajoo Angeline Ranjethamoney , Colaco Lydia , Gobil Abdul Rahman bin Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

Increasingly, most communication in current times are online and this characteristic has been heightened due to restrictions caused by the Pandemic. During online communication, the art and etiquette of communication is often omitted. We, the researchers observed that online interactions tend to be careless and too quick with expressions of anger or just, communication that is quick, resulting in sometimes inadvertent rude, abrupt and ambiguous communication. Hence, to address this problem, we designed a mobile app called, “Wait”. The objectives of this app are to enable students and members of the public, to “wait”, think and refer to alternative ways on how to begin, end and use specific keywords in response to various general situations using polite expressions. This app is an easy- to- use mobile app. The researchers conducted a preliminary study with school and college students whereby they were given online questionnaires before and after using the Apps. The results showed positive feedback, in the form of polite and effective communication after the use of the app.
Cytotoxicity Activity of Several Medicinal Plants Grow in Mangrove Forest against Human’s Cervical (HELA), Breast (T47D), and Colorectal (WiDr) Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Arbiastutie Yanieta , Diba Farah , Masriani Masriani 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The secondary metabolite of medicinal plants in Polaria Tanjung Pagar’s mangrove forests and the cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines were investigated in this study.

Method:
The primary materials were the methanolic extract of some medicinal plants leaves obtained from Polaria Tanjung Pagar’s mangrove forests. The thin-layer chromatography method was used to analyze the secondary metabolites qualitatively at 366 nm ultraviolet. Cytotoxicity was determined through Microtetrazolium (MTT) assay against three types of cancer cell lines, including humans’ cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines, breast cancer (T47D) cell lines, and colorectal cancer (WiDr) cell lines.

Result:
All five methanolic extracts positively contained flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, steroids, phenolics, and tannins but negative alkaloids. Aegiceras corniculatum showed an active cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cells, T47D cancer cell, and WiDr cancer cell, with IC50 of 49.40 ± 5.85, 78.12 ± 11.38, and 45.60 ± 7.35μg/mL, respectively. Avicennia alba was actively toxic to the HeLa cancer cells, T47D cancer cells, and WiDr cancer cells, with IC50 of 74.75 ± 26.97, 50.76 ± 9.92, and 73.25 ± 17.63μg/mL, respectively. Acrostichum aureum and Rhizophora mucronata only actively inhibited the WiDr cancer cell proliferation, with IC50 of 89.19 ± 4.22 and 57.49 ± 11.70μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
Thus, mangrove forest plants scientifically potentially developed as medicinal material for cancer.
Food Consumption among Under-five Children in Agats, Asmat District, Papua Province
Authors: Prafiantini Erfi , Sari Okky Lupita , Hanisa Nisrina , Andayani Diyah Eka , Anugrapaksi Eghar , Octavia Lestari 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Malnutrition outbreak in 2018 caused increased morbidity and mortality of Asmat children. Many studies indicated that malnourished children should receive adequate nutrients.

Aim:
The study aims to analyze food consumption among under-five children in Asmat.

Settings and design:
The cross-sectional study was conducted in Agats subdistrict, Asmat district, and Papua province, in July 2018 and included 62 under-five children. Children were selected using purposive sampling from five villages.

Materials and methods:
The primary data were collected by interview, direct measurement, questionnaire fulfillment consisting of general, anthropometric, and food consumption data.

Statistical analysis used:
descriptive data, composed of the characteristics of children, children’s nutritional status, and food consumption.

Results:
The average energy intake was 561.7 ± 335.3 kcal/day. The mean carbohydrate and protein were 93.3 ± 52.9 and 18.2 ± 11.2 g, respectively. The median fat intake was 7.53 (2.6, 16.9) g and fiber was 1.63 (1.0, 2.9) g/day. The median iron and zinc were 1.5 (0.8, 2.6) g and 1.5 (0.8, 2.3) g. The average folic acid intake was 36.4 ± 25.2 g.

Conclusion:
Compared to the Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), the percentage of children’s energy (93.5%), protein (75.8%), fat (96.8%), carbohydrate (83.9%), fiber (91.9%), iron (88.7%), folic acid (98.4%), and zinc (88.7%) intakes was included as below of Indonesian RDA category. These results can be used to make appropriate dietary recommendations, which will be used as a substantial improvement in community service programs.
Efficacy and Safety of Conventional Synthetic, Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs in RA-ILD: A Narrative Review
Authors: Conway Richard , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The range of therapeutic options available for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is becoming increasingly diverse. Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic DMARDs, and targeted synthetic DMARDs offer the rheumatologist a far greater breadth of treatment options than before. When choosing a treatment in the individual patient, several important factors need to be considered, one of which is the safety in RA interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Rheumatologists frequently encounter RA patients with RA-ILD or other co-existing lung diseases. The pulmonary safety profile of our medications is difficult to ascertain and as they are generally infrequent, adverse events are rarely identified in the initial treatment trials. The concern for the safety of these treatments has largely emerged from real-world observational data and has often been based on small numbers of case studies or retrospective analyses of observational studies. The evidence has been controversial with many agents implicated both in the context of predisposing or worsening the risk of ILD and at the same time as potentially beneficial treatments in delaying the onset or progression of ILD. As a result, clear guidance on the treatment of RA-ILD is generally lacking. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to detail our current knowledge of the safety of DMARDs in RA-ILD.
Motivators and Barriers for Using E-learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic among Students at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda
Authors: Umubyeyi Benoite , Nyiringango Gerard , Rutayisire Reverien , Kayiranga Dieudonne , Ryamukuru David , Nyirazigama Alice , Mukankusi Juliet , Bagirisano Justine , Igikundiro Christine , Niyikiza M. Eric , Mukeshimana Madeleine , Mugarura John , Oluyinka Adejumo 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTo continue delivering the courses despite school closure during the covid-19 pandemic, the University of Rwanda abruptly shifted its teaching from traditional physical to online teaching. This was the compulsory medium of teaching during the lockdown period. This sudden change did not allow for adequate preparation for students. ObjectivesTo assess the preparation of learners to use the e-learning platform, and to explore the factors that enabled or inhibited learners’ use of the e-learning platform. MethodThis was a cross-sectional quantitative research design study done between June and July 2020. An online questionnaire was sent to all students registered in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences for the academic year 2019-2020. ResultsA total of 446 students completed the questionnaire. Students reported not being adequately oriented and unprepared to effectively use e-learning. Students were motivated to use e-learning when the learning objectives were clear, interactive, with engaging materials. Inadequate e-learning infrastructure, limited access to internet connectivity and inadequate devices were identified as the strongest barriers of using e-learning. ConclusionThe covid-19 pandemic has brought a transformational opportunity to embrace a blended learning approach. To sustain such a transformation, proper and timely planning and strategies need to be invested.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):99-112
Factors of Family Violence in the Southern Province of Rwanda
Authors: Niyonsenga Japhet , Uwitonze Thérèse , Mukarusanga Ignatiana , Mutabaruka Jean 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDespite the elevated prevalence and detrimental effects of family violence on survivors in developing countries, little is known about a dimensional empirically based comprehensive structure of family violence.ObjectivesBased on family violence theories, this study aimed to identify factors of family violence in a sample of Rwandans living in all the eight District Police Units of the Southern Rwanda. MethodsA sample of 89 spouses (females = 56.5%, males = 43.5%) were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. From already existing family violence theories and family violent events lived by participants of this study, a 38-item self-constructed Likert questionnaire (α=0.80) was generated. An exploratory factor analysis approach was used.ResultsThe results showed that two factors mostly influencing violence in family were mainly based on individual issues (i.e. violence as a trauma, insecure attachment, aggressive behaviour learnt, reactive aggression, and learnt helplessness) and family-social issues (i.e. family life cycle and stress, dependency relation, need to maintain power and control, and low material satisfaction). ConclusionsThe results highlight that family violence is a very complex but assessable entity where individual and family-social factors intervene. Future studies should explore such combination in prospective longitudinal studies.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):9-19
A Five-Year Review of Hysterosalpingographic Findings at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Jamiu Isiaq , Christopher Ohagwu , Jovita Daniel , Henry Okafor , Andrew Ijever 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundInfertility leads to stigmatization, marital instability, and enormous psychological stress. In recent times in Nigeria, there appears to be an upsurge in the number of couples investigated for infertility using hysterosalpingography (HSG). ObjectiveTo observe the trend of HSG findings at a foremost tertiary hospital in Nigeria. MethodsThe study was a retrospective assessment of HSG reports by radiologists. Using an inclusion criteria of patients who had an initial ultrasound scan prior to HSG as noted from radiologists reports, a sample size of 623 radiographs concluded between April 2014 to April 2019 was consecutively enlisted from a population of 2,624 cases. Patients’ demographic information was extracted from their request cards and radiologists’ reports. ResultsPatients were aged 22 – 54 (mean: 36.30 ± 6.00) years. Findings from hysterosalpingography showed that secondary infertility was more prevalent (n = 469, 75.3 %) and with fibroid (n = 176, 28.25%) as the most prevalent abnormality.ConclusionsThere were more cases of secondary infertility presenting for HSG at the facility, and the major finding was fibroid. Although the ages of patients presenting for HSG investigations at the centre had increased, secondary infertility remained the more prevalent type, but with minimal drop in percentage.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):55-61
Keragaman Fenotip Sapi Madura dari Perspektif Budaya di Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Agustina Desi Kurniati , Hidayati Nurul 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to characterize the phenotypic diversity of Madura cattle based on their cultural status, namely Sonok and Kerapan Cattle. Phenotypic diversity of madura cattle is used as the basis for the selection of the offspring of madura cattle that show performance to Sonok or Kerapan cattle. This research was conducted at the center of Sonok cattle and Kerapan cattle, namely in Waru and Pademawu districts, Pamekasan Regency. The samples used were 20 Kerapan and 20 Sonok cattle with an age range of 2 - 3 years. The parameters observed included qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and made in tabular form for easy discussion. The results showed the quantitative properties of sonok and kerapan cattle respectively, namely for chest circumference 167.50 Â± 8.36, 174.15 Â± 8.71, body length 127.30 Â± 6.37, 160.45 Â± 8.02, Tail length 77.95 Â± 3.90, 81.10 Â± 4.06, horn length 7.00 Â± 0.35, 10.55 Â± 0.53. Based on the qualitative analysis, Sonok and Kerapan cattle have diversity in terms of coat color, horn shape, eye pattern, eye line, and back line. This diversity can be used as a basis for selection related to its cultural values.
What the time has taught about Hyperteleorbitism
Authors: Cardim Vera Lúcia Nocchi , Silva Alessandra 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Hypertelorbitism is a clinical feature that may be present in various types of pathologies and degrees of manifestation. Observing the evolution of techniques over time and understanding the specific characteristics of each case demonstrates the difficulty of establishing treatment protocols.
Material and method: Retrospective analysis of over 150 cases of hypertelorbitism operated on over 44 years by the main author. The increased interorbital distance had varied etiologies: dysplasia, meningoencephaloceles, and dysostosis.
Results: Retrusion of the facial middle third throughout growth in congenital hypertelorbitism was present in both dysplasia and dysostosis groups. In cases of early treatment with Tessier's glasses osteotomy there was zygomaticmaxillary atrophy with trapping of tooth germs. The cases of grade III and IV Hyperteleorbitism, with or without meningoencephalocele, which were treated without concomitant skullcap expansion, evolved to endocranial hypertension and required further treatment. Retrospective evaluation of their CT scans revealed craniosynostosis of one or more sutures, associated with predominant dysplasia. Patients treated after adolescence showed more stable late postoperative results.
Discussion: Hypertelorbitism is a clinical feature that may be present in various types of pathologies and in varying degrees of intensity. Many treatment options have been proposed over the past 50 years. The opportunity to watch and experience the evolution of these techniques made it possible to choose the most appropriate treatment for each patient's clinical characteristics.
Conclusion: Due to the variability of manifestation of hypertelorbitism, the massification of procedures and the establishment of treatment protocols are quite limited.
Right Peri-insular Hemispherotomy: 2-dimensional operative video
Authors: Formentin Cleiton , Fernandes Joaquim Andrei , Tedeschi Helder , Ghizoni Enrico 
Published: May 2022

This is a surgical technique video of a right peri-insular hemispherotomy in a child with Rasmussen’s encephalitis. The patient is a 5-year-old boy with focal onset impaired awareness seizures started 6 months before surgery, developing different subtypes of focal seizures and evolving to drug-resistant epilepsy. In neurological examination, he already had a left-sided hemiparesis with pyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed right-sided cortical atrophy and fronto-insular subcortical hyperintensity signal areas. The preoperative electroencephalogram revealed frequent right-sided central mid temporal spikes. The history and complementary exams raised a hypothesis of Rasmussen’s encephalitis, a rare neurological condition, characterized by unilateral chronic inflammation of the cerebral cortex, causing drug-resistant epilepsy, and evolving to progressive neurological decline1. The hemispherotomy is an effective procedure aimed to isolate the entire hemisphere functionally with minimal removal of brain tissue, and remains the only cure for seizures caused by Rasmussen’s encephalitis2,3. Long-term seizure freedom may be achieved in around 80% of patients and improves quality of life4. It’s already accepted that briefer duration of epilepsy preceding the surgery is associated to better adaptive functioning postoperatively due to the high neuroplasticity of young patients4. Three years after surgery, the patient remains seizure free, walking without help.
Aneurysms in childhood: literature review and cases description
Authors: Gonsalves Daniel Gregório , Pereira Manuela Guedes , De Aguiar Pedro Henrique Simm Pires , Cobucci Fernanda Lopes Rocha , Crusius Marcelo Ughini , Dezena Roberto Alexandre , De Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In the aneurysm disease, children aneurysms do not represent a majority of the diagnosis. Associated conditions should be monitored, including aortic coarctation, polycystic kidney disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Marfan syndrome. They can present as congenital, infectious, or traumatic. Case report: We describe a series of five cases of aneurysms in patients ranging from 15 to 17 years of age whose aneurysms were found on examination. In most cases, patients were asymptomatic and did not have predisposing syndromes. Surgery was the treatment of choice in all cases. No patient had a recurrence in the following years of radiographic follow-up. Methodology: This is a literature review and case series analysis with a narrative-descriptive approach. The database for the search was PubMed®, which were used to search for articles with the subject descriptors brain, aneurysms, pediatric and child. Between the descriptors, the boolean operator and was used. Discussion: Aneurysms can be classified by their size and morphology, as well as having a predilection for anterior circulation. The most common symptom observed in our pediatric series of 5 patients was migraine or chronic headache (60%), followed by asymptomatic patients (40%). Three of five patients (60%) in this study were previously hypertensive without other comorbidity, while 40% of the cases were totally healthy. Conclusion: Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are relatively rare diseases, corresponding to 1.6 to 7% of intracranial aneurysms across all age groups. They require accurate and detailed diagnosis, which need to be assessed and managed in a multidisciplinary team.
CURRENT CHALLENGES OF STRATEGY USE IN SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING: A CASE OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA
Authors: Kotira Salome , Shizhou Lou 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine how the teaching challenges affect strategy use in second language classrooms in Tanzanian public primary schools, mainly in Manyara region. In the process of teaching second language teachers uses different strategies of teaching so they can help their students acquire a target language. There are some challenges that hinder the teaching process and caused the teaching strategies to be ineffective.
Methodology: This particular study has used the qualitative approach method of which the descriptive method was applied. The data were collected through observation and interviews to investigate on those challenges and how it affects the teaching strategies in the second language classrooms. The 24 teachers from 46 teachers who teach Kiswahili and English languages of the three primary schools were randomly selected from Acronis, Engonongoi and Loorng'oswani located in Manyara region have been the participants of this research.
Findings: The results of this study revealed that second language teaching in the classrooms faces different challenges in the use of strategies of teaching. Challenges that are been found are overcrowded classroom, lack of teaching materials and teachers’ poor knowledge on how students acquire second language.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study has found that teaching challenges are what make second-language teaching strategies to be ineffective. The results of this study will help language and education stakeholders to address these challenges in order the teaching strategies to be more effective when employed in the classroom. The study suggested that the general improvement of primary school classrooms should be conducted to fix this problem. The number of second language teachers should be increase to fit the number of students. These schools have divided their students in different classrooms but because there is shortage of teachers they have to put them in one classroom when they are teaching.
Pengaruh Tingkat Perputaran Kas Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia (KPRI) Sumber Makmur
Authors: Yanah Yanah 
Published: May 2022

Turnover Cash, receivables and inventories as working capital components can affect the short length of time dependent on working capital fund that will ultimately affect the level of profitability achieved. The higher the turnover rate of cash, accounts receivable and inventory indicating the shorter the time dependent capital in the working capital component. This shows the efficiency in the use of capital that would raise the level of profitability achieved KPRI Sumber Makmur.
Issues examined in this study were: (1). Is there any influence of cash turnover, accounts receivable and inventories to profitability on Employee Cooperative Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) Sumber Makmur 2002-2004?, (2). How much influence the rate of turnover of cash, receivables and inventories to profitability on Employee Cooperative Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) Sumber Makmur 2002-2004? This study aims to: (1). To determine whether there is influence of the rate of turnover of cash, receivables and inventories to profitability on Employee Cooperative Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) Sumber Makmur years 2002- 2004, and (2). To find out How much influence the rate of turnover of cash, receivables and inventories to profitability on Employee Cooperative Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) Sumber Makmur 2002-2004.
The population in this study is KPRI Sumber Makmur years 2002- 2004 which amounted to 46 cooperatives. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling (samples intended). The sample in this study is in the form KPRI Financial Statements Balance Sheet and SHU of twelve (12) KPRI Sumber Makmur for three (3) years ie from 2002 to 2004, so that the sample was 36. There are two variables that were examined in this study, namely: (1). Cash Turnover (X) and (2). Profitability Economy (Y). Data collection tool used in this study is documentation. Analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis.
The results showed that the rate of turnover of cash, accounts receivable and inventory significantly affect the economic profitability KPRI Sumber Makmur amounted to 76.9%. Variable X partially and simultaneously influence the variable Y. Suggestions to convey to the board and managers should KPRI Sumber Makmur is efficiently manage cash sales, both sales of goods and services to members by improving services and providing goods which vary according to the needs and tastes of consumers, the executives and managers KPRI Sumber Makmur should further pursue lending in the short term so that receivables can return within one period. And for the next researcher to pay attention to other factors that may affect the economic profitability.