bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral waters and sediments of the ferruginous spring Ulan-Bulak Urulyunguevsky (South-Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Zamana L V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The data on the chemical composition and content of balneological components (Fe, H2SiO3, CO2, S2-) for three water samples from the Ulan-Bulak acidic ferruginous spring are presented. For the first time, carbonic water was released in the composition of the spring waters, the origin of which is explained by the ingress of hydrocarbonate water into an acidic medium, followed by dissociation according to the HCO3
- + H+ → H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 scheme. An acidic environment is formed as a result of oxidation of sulfide mineralization, presumably gold-bearing. From secondary minerals at the spring, modern sulfate minerals (gypsum, jarosite), hydromica (illite) were found, ocher sediments are widely developed. Given the uncertain nature of the formation of the spring waters, it is considered worthy of special studies, including an inspection of the presence of sulfide mineralization.
Cloud computing security requirements: A Review
Authors: Tsochev G R , Trifonov R I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cloud computing is a new technology that is undergoing tremendous development today. People who use it are not able to separate the reasonable from the unreasonable arguments that come with the security requirements in the cloud. The claim that cloud computing is hereditarily insecure is as absurd as the claim that cloud computing does not create new security problems. Cloud computing is a way to dynamically increase resources without the need for in-depth knowledge of a brand new infrastructure, without training new workers or designing new software solutions. The article aims to analyse the different cloud security issues and models of cloud architectures. Some of the main problems with security in virtualization, concerns about storing data in the cloud and the assessment of risk tolerance in cloud computing are presented. Legal and regulatory issues for the protection of personal data are addressed.
Statistical models expressing relations between soil moisture, aggregate speed, and tillage depth at plowing and cultivation
Authors: Veleva P M , Hristova G M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The study is based on a one-year field experiment (2019) in the land of the Chirpan region located in central Bulgaria. The agrotechnical operations of plowing and cultivation, applied in technology for the production of sunflower, are studied. Four models (Linear, Exponential, Logarithmic, and Quadratic) were compared at p < 0.05, defining the relation between soil moisture, aggregate speed, and the uniformity of the soil index Tillage depth during plowing and cultivation. It was found that in plowing at a speed of 4 km/h the Quadratic model described the relation between soil moisture and tillage depth with the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.682). Relating to plowing at a speed of 4.5 km/h the most suitable is the Exponential model (R2 = 0.729), i.e. about 68.2% and 72.9% of the variations in tillage depth are due to the influence of the moisture of the soil. The coefficients of determination, calculated when cultivating at speeds of 8 km/h (R2 = 0.526) and 9 km/h (R2 = 0.557), show that the Quadratic model most strongly (52.6% and 55.7%) determines the relation between soil moisture and tillage depth. The developed models could be used to optimize the control systems of agricultural machinery.
Feature extraction and neural network-based multi-peak analysis on time-correlated LiDAR histograms
Authors: Chen Gongbo , Landmeyer Felix , Wiede Christian , Kokozinski Rainer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Time correlated single photon counting is a statistical method to generate time-correlated histograms (TC-Hists), which are based on the time-of-flight information measured by photon detectors such as single-photon avalanche diodes. With restricted measurements per histogram and the presence of high background light, it is challenging to obtain the target distance in a TC-Hist. In order to improve the data processing robustness under these conditions, the concept of machine learning is applied to the TC-Hist. Using the neural network-based multi-peak analysis (NNMPA), introduced by us, including a physics-guided feature extraction and a distance prediction process, the analysis is focused on a small number of critical features in the TC-Hist. Based on these features, possible target distances with correlated certainty values are inferred. Furthermore, two optimization approaches regarding learning ability and real-time performance are discussed. In particular, variants of the NNMPA are evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets. The proposed method not only has higher robustness in allocating the coarse position (

±

5
%

) of the target distance in harsh conditions, but also is faster than the classical digital processing with an average-filter and noise suppression. Thus, it can be applied to improve the system robustness, especially in the case of high background light and middle-range detections.
Generalized Kerker effect in PT-symmetric nanoantenna array
Authors: Tapar Jinal , Kishen Saurabh , Emani Naresh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
All-dielectric nanophotonics is a rapidly developing and practical alternative to plasmonics for nanoscale optics. The electric and magnetic Mie resonances in high-index low-loss dielectric nanoresonators can be engineered to exhibit unique scattering responses. Recently, nanophotonic structures satisfying parity-time (PT) symmetry have been shown to exhibit novel scattering responses beyond what can be achieved from the conventional nanoresonators. The complex interference of the magnetic and electric Mie resonances and lattice modes excited in PT-symmetric nanoantenna arrays give rise to a scattering anomaly called lasing spectral singularity (SS), where the scattering coefficients tend to infinity. In our previous work (Tapar, Kishen and Emani 2020 Opt. Lett.
45 5185), we demonstrated the existence of lasing SSs in vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) GaInP PT-symmetric metasurface. In this paper, we analyse the direction-sensitive scattering response of the PT-symmetric GaInP metasurface by decomposing the total scattered field into the electric and magnetic multipoles. The far-field scattering response at the singularity is highly asymmetric for incidence from either the gain or loss side and can be tuned by changing the geometry. By analysing the phase of even- and odd-parity higher-order multipoles, we explain the observed scattering response over a broad parameter space in terms of the generalized Kerker effect. The interference between the direction-dependent excitation of different order multipoles and the overall 2D-lattice resonance opens a route towards designing a special class of tunable sources exhibiting direction-sensitive emission properties.
Nil-potent vacuum in homodyne noise
Authors: Jetty Ninad R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the absence of a signal field, vacuum entering through the empty beam splitter port is considered to be the sole contributor to the output noise of conventional two-port homodyne detection. We study a modified configuration that alters the input coefficient of vacuum, predicting an output noise less than that of the conventional configuration. Measurements, however, reveal identical output noise profiles for both the configurations. We explain the observations in terms of the incident field noise alone, and suggest that vacuum does not contribute to homodyne noise or shot-noise. We extend our results to the measurement of squeezed light, with non-ideal detectors.
Friction anisotropy of violet phosphorene and its surface structure direction identification
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Lihui , Chen Chengxiang , Gu Mengyue , Cheng Yonghong , Zhang Jinying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Violet phosphorene, a recently determined semiconducting two-dimensional elemental structure, is a promising electronic and optoelectronic material. The nano-tribological properties of violet phosphorene nanoflakes are essential for their micro device applications. A friction anisotropy has been demonstrated for the violet phosphorene nanoflakes by lateral force microscope due to the sub-nanorod components of violet phosphorus. The frictional force of the violet phosphorene nanoflakes have been demonstrated to be valley along sub-nano rod direction and peak across the sub-nanorod direction with a period of 180°, resulting in a fast identification of the surface structure direction of violet phosphorene. The friction of violet phosphorene nanoflakes has also been shown to increase with increasing scanning pressure. However, it is not sensitive to scanning speed or layers. The friction of the violet phosphorene nanoflakes have also been demonstrated to increase when exposure to air for hours. The friction and adhesion features of violet phosphorene nanoflakes provide valuable foundation for violet phosphorene based devices.
Hot deformation behavior of 60NiTi shape-memory alloy fabricated by hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Li Mei-Ling , Gao Wen-Jin , Zhou Ying-Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The 60NiTi (Ni60wt%–Ti40wt%) intermetallic is a hard-to-process material. Understanding of hot deformation behavior is crucial for the hot working of 60NiTi. This work studied hot deformation behavior and corresponding microstructure of the hot isostatic pressed 60NiTi in the temperature range of 900 °C–1050 °C and at strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 s−1 through a hot compression test. The flow stress and microstructure were susceptible to the hot deformation parameters. The flow stress decreased with the increase in deformation temperature and decrease in strain rate. Work hardening occurred at a small strain, then followed by softening; finally, near-dynamic equilibrium was achieved between work hardening and softening. A constitutive equation was developed to describe the effects of strain rate and temperature on flow stress. Simulation of hot deformation via the finite element method revealed the workpiece’s inhomogeneous deformation. The deformation occurred mainly in the center area of the cylindrical sample, resulting in high stress and strain concentrations in this region and causing the equiaxial grains to be compressed into prolate grains. This work can provide guidance for the hot working, such as forging and hot rolling, of 60NiTi.
Effect of Gd and Ti co-doping on electrical performance of Bi2O3 oxygen ion conductor
Authors: Yang Qiang , Luo Zeyang , Zhu Pei , Wei Yunhe , Wang Huan , Yan Duanting , Wang Dejun , Liu Runru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new oxygen ion conductor electrolyte material with high conductivity was reported. Bi2O3 was co-doped with Gd2O3 and TiO2 by solid-phase synthesis method to obtain Bi1–3xGd2xTixO1.5+δ
and Bi0.76Gd0.18−xTixO1.5+δ
(TGSB) ceramics. The phase composition, surface morphology and electrical properties of TGSB samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and AC impedance respectively. XRD results show that only 6T12GSB has a single cubic fluorite structure, and impurity phases appear in other samples. The SEM results show that only when the doping concentrations of Gd and Ti are 12 mol% and 6 mol% respectively, the particle size is relatively smaller and there are no obvious pores. From the analysis of electrical properties, Gd dopant is helpful to the stability of the Bi2O3 phase than Ti dopant, but not beneficial to higher conductivity. When the doping concentration of Gd is higher than 16 mol%, it becomes more stable. The conductivity of the 6T12GSB sample is relatively high. The conductivity of the TGSB samples is higher than that of the TLSB samples under the lower temperature condition (<450 °C), and the electrical performance of Bi2O3-based materials are enhanced especially at low temperature.
The structure and mechanical properties of Cr-based Cr-Ti alloy films
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Miao , Xu Jianjun , Huang Min , Wang Chen , Fu Yabo , Lin Changhong , Wu Jianbo , Levchenko Vladimir A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have dealt with Cr and its alloy films that exhibit promising characteristics as surface modification layers for antiwear, anticorrosive, and decorative applications. However, the effect of Ti alloying on the structure and mechanical properties of Cr films has not been studied. This work aimed to the structure and mechanical properties of Cr-Ti alloy films in the Cr-rich side. To this end, pure Cr, Cr-6 at.% Ti, Cr-11 at.% Ti, Cr-16 at.% Ti, and Cr-21 at.% Ti alloy films were prepared by magnetron sputtering, and the structure and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. The results indicated that all the films exhibited a Cr-based growth with body-centered cubic structure, and increasing the Ti content decreased the (110) orientation growth of Cr basis. Ti alloying increased the hardness of the films, while leaded to a monotonic decrease in the modulus of the films. The first-principles method was employed to demonstrate that the reduced modulus was determined by the Ti alloying degree, rather than the orientation evolution of the films. The analysis of H/E value suggested that the wear resistance of the films was improved by Ti alloying. The mechanical properties of present Cr-Ti alloy films, and other Cr-based alloy films or metallic glasses in publications were compared and discussed. We proposed that Ti alloying is a considerable way to explore advanced mechanical properties of Cr-based alloy films.
3D printing of functional polymers for miniature machines
Authors: Xia Neng , Jin Dongdong , Iacovacci Veronica , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Miniature robots and actuators with micrometer or millimeter scale size can be driven by diverse power sources, e.g. chemical fuels, light, magnetic, and acoustic fields. These machines have the potential to access complex narrow spaces, execute medical tasks, perform environmental monitoring, and manipulate micro-objects. Recent advancements in 3D printing techniques have demonstrated great benefits in manufacturing small-scale structures such as customized design with programmable physical properties. Combining 3D printing methods, functional polymers, and active control strategies enables these miniature machines with diverse functionalities to broaden their potentials in medical applications. Herein, this review provides an overview of 3D printing techniques applicable for the fabrication of small-scale machines and printable functional materials, including shape-morphing materials, biomaterials, composite polymers, and self-healing polymers. Functions and applications of tiny robots and actuators fabricated by 3D printing and future perspectives toward small-scale intelligent machines are discussed.
Molecular and morphological analyses clarify species delimitation in section Costatae and reveal Betula buggsii sp. nov. (sect. Costatae, Betulaceae) in China
Authors: Wang Luwei , Ding Junyi , Borrell James S , Cheek Martin , McAllister Hugh A , Wang Feifei , Liu Lu , Zhang Huayu , Zhang Qiufeng , Wang Yiming , Wang Nian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Delineating closely related and morphologically similar species is difficult. Here, we integrate morphology, genetics, ploidy and geography to resolve species and subspecies boundaries in four trees of section Costatae (genus Betula): Betula ashburneri, B. costata, B. ermanii and B. utilis, as well as multiple subspecies and polyploid races.

Methods
We genotyped 371 individuals (20–133 per species) from 51 populations at 15 microsatellite markers, as well as a subset of individuals, using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and nuclear internal transcribed spacers. We determined the ploidy level of eight individuals using flow cytometry and characterized leaf variation for a subset of 109 individuals by morphometric analysis.

Key Results
Integration of multiple lines of evidence suggested a series of revisions to the taxonomy of section Costatae. Betula costata and B. ermanii were found to be valid. Molecular and leaf morphology analyses revealed little differentiation between diploid B. albosinensis and some samples of B. utilis ssp. utilis. By contrast, other B. utilis ssp. utilis samples and ssp. albosinensis formed a morphological continuum but differed based on genetics. Specifically, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis was divided into two groups with group I genetically similar to B. utilis ssp. utilis and group II, a distinct cluster, proposed as the new diploid species Betula buggsii sp. nov. Phylogenomic analysis based on 2285 620 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified a well-supported monophyletic clade of B. buggsii. Morphologically, B. buggsii is characterized by elongated lenticels and a distinct pattern of bark peeling and may be geographically restricted to the Qinling–Daba Mountains.

Conclusions
Our integrated approach identifies six taxa within section Costatae: B. ashburneri, B. buggsii, B. costata, B. utilis ssp. utilis, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis and B. ermanii. Our research demonstrates the value of an integrative approach using morphological, geographical, genetic and ploidy-level data for species delineation.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest Radiographic Features for Pediatric Intrathoracic Tuberculosis
Authors: Palmer Megan , Gunasekera Kenneth S , van der Zalm Marieke M , Morrison Julie , Simon Schaaf H , Goussard Pierre , Hesseling Anneke C , Walters Elisabetta , Seddon James A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The chest radiograph (CR) remains a key tool in the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB). In children with presumptive intrathoracic TB, we aimed to identify CR features that had high specificity for, and were strongly associated with, bacteriologically confirmed TB.

Methods
We analyzed CR data from children with presumptive intrathoracic TB prospectively enrolled in a cohort study in a high-TB burden setting and who were classified using standard clinical case definitions as “confirmed,” “unconfirmed,” or “unlikely” TB. We report the CR features and inter-reader agreement between expert readers who interpreted the CRs. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the CR features with at least moderate inter-reader agreement and analyzed the relationship between these CR &#x2028;features and the classification of TB in a multivariable regression model.

Results
Of features with at least moderate inter-reader agreement, enlargement of perihilar and/or paratracheal lymph nodes, bronchial deviation/compression, cavities, expansile pneumonia, and pleural effusion had a specificity of &gt; 90% for confirmed TB, compared with unlikely TB. Enlargement of perihilar (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.80–11.72) and/or paratracheal lymph nodes (aOR: 5.14; 95% CI, 2.25–12.58), bronchial deviation/compression (aOR: 6.22; 95% CI, 2.70–15.69), pleural effusion (aOR: 2.27; 95% CI, 1.04–4.78), and cavities (aOR: 7.45; 95% CI, 3.38–17.45) were associated with confirmed TB in the multivariate regression model, whereas alveolar opacification (aOR: 1.16; 95% CI, .76–1.77) and expansile pneumonia (aOR: 4.16; 95% CI, .93–22.34) were not.

Conclusions
In children investigated for intrathoracic TB enlargement of perihilar or paratracheal lymph nodes, bronchial compression/deviation, pleural effusion, or cavities on CR strongly support the diagnosis.
Remdesivir Plus Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone Alone for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients Requiring Supplemental O2 Therapy: A Prospective Controlled Nonrandomized Study
Authors: Marrone Aldo , Nevola Riccardo , Sellitto Ausilia , Cozzolino Domenico , Romano Ciro , Cuomo Giovanna , Aprea Concetta , Schwartzbaum Michelangelo X Palou , Ricozzi Carmen , Imbriani Simona , Rinaldi Luca , Gjeloshi Klodian , Padula Andrea , Ranieri Roberta , Ruosi Carolina , Meo Luciana Agnese , Abitabile Marianna , Cinone Francesca , Carusone Caterina , Adinolfi Luigi Elio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Remdesivir is an antiviral used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which improves some clinical outcomes. Dexamethasone has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality. It has been hypothesized that combination of these two drugs can improve mortality. We evaluated the effect of combination on mortality of COVID-19 patients requiring O2 therapy.

Methods
A prospective quasi-experimental study, including two independent, sequential controlled cohorts, one received remdesivir-dexamethasone and the other dexamethasone alone, was designed. All COVID-19 patients requiring supplemental O2 therapy were enrolled consecutively. The sample size to power mortality was a priori calculated. The primary endpoints were 30-day mortality and viral clearance differences. Secondary endpoints were differences in hospitalization times, improvement in respiratory failure (PO2/FiO2) and inflammatory indices (fibrinogen, CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, D-Dimer). Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to evaluate significant differences in mortality between groups.

Results
In total, 151 COVID-19 patients were enrolled (remdesivir/dexamethasone group, 76, and dexamethasone alone, 75). No differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were observed between the 2 groups at baseline. Faster viral clearance occurred in the remdesivir/dexamethasone group compared to dexamethasone alone (median 6 vs 16 days; P &lt; .001). The 30-day mortality in the remdesivir/dexamethasone group was 1.3%, whereas in dexamethasone alone was 16% (P &lt; .005). In the remdesivir/dexamethasone group compared to dexamethasone alone there was a reduction in hospitalization days (P &lt; .0001) and a faster improvement in both respiratory function and inflammatory markers.

Conclusions
Remdesivir/dexamethasone treatment is associated with significant reduction in mortality, length of hospitalization, and faster SARS-CoV-2 clearance, compared to dexamethasone alone.
Case report of acute myocarditis after administration of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in Japan
Authors: Ohnishi Masato , Tanaka Yasunori , Nishida Sakiya , Sugimoto Toshiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still not under control and vaccination in Japan started in February 2021, albeit later than in Europe and the USA. The COVID-19 vaccination frequently leads to minor adverse reactions, which may be more intense after the second dose. The number of case reports of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination have been recently increased.

Case summary
We report a case of a 26-year-old healthy man who presented to our hospital with chest pain on 24 May 2021, 4 days after his second COVID-19 vaccination. The electrocardiogram showed ST elevation with upward concavity in I, II, aVL, aVF, V4 to V6, and small Q wave in II, III, aVF. Laboratory studies revealed elevation of troponin I, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, and negative viral serologies. Acute aortic dissection and pulmonary thromboembolism were ruled out by contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography. An urgent coronary angiogram was performed because an acute coronary syndrome was suspected, but no significant stenosis was found. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated oedema and late gadolinium enhancement of the left ventricle in a mid-myocardial and epicardial distribution.

Discussion
Although the temporal association does not prove causation, the very short span between the second vaccination and the onset of myocarditis suggests that this acute myocarditis seemed to be an adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in Asia.