bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the health and ecological security of a human induced watershed in central iran
Authors: Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Vafakhah Mehdi , Moosavi Vahid , Pourfallah Asadabadi Sanaz , Sadeghi Padideh Sadat , Khaledi Darvishan Abdulvahed , Bagheri Fahraji Reza , Mosavinia Seyed Hossein , Majidnia Abdolghasem , Gharemahmudli Sudabeh , Rekabdarkolaei Hamidreza Moradi 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Assessment of the watershed health and associated ecological security is crucial for the proper land resources management, notably when sufficient money and time have lacked. The present study aimed to prepare health and ecological security for the Pishkuh Watershed in Yazd Province, central Iran. To prepare the health atlas of the Pishkuh Watershed, the conceptual framework of pressure, state, response (PSR) was employed. The pressure index was investigated by analyzing the driving forces of natural and human-induced factors. Then, the existing conditions of the natural environment and the watershed performance were analyzed using the state index. Besides, the response index was also calculated as a criterion for expressing the degree of community response or different watershed outcomes to the driving forces imposed on the watershed system. The study results revealed that some 91 and 9% of the watershed were classified as moderately healthy and relatively unhealthy. The results of the ecological security index further showed that some 41% of the area was categorized as relatively poor status. The results of the current study can be used by local managers and decision-makers to adaptively designate appropriate, economic, and goal-targeted solutions for the resources management in the region.
FeynGrav: FeynCalc extension for gravity amplitudes
Authors: Latosh B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Package ‘FeynGrav’ which provides a framework to operate with Feynman rules for gravity within ‘FeynCalc’ is presented. We present a framework to deal with Feynman rules for general relativity and non-supersymmetric matter minimally coupled to gravity. Applicability of the package is tested with 2 → 2 on-shell tree level graviton scattering, polarization operators, and one-loop scalar-gravitational interaction structure.
Decoherence effects in quantum nondemolition measurement induced entanglement between Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Gao Shuai , Ilo-Okeke Ebubechukwu O , Mao Yuping , Kondappan Manikandan , Aristizabal-Zuluaga Juan E , Ivannikov Valentin , Byrnes Tim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the robustness of quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement induced entanglement between Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). We consider an experimental scheme where two BECs are placed in the paths of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and a QND interaction creates entanglement between coherent light and the atoms. We analyze the two dominant channels of decoherence, atomic dephasing and photon loss on the entangled states produced by this scheme. We calculate the effect of dephasing on the variance and expectation values of the spin operators, entanglement and correlation criteria. Our analysis does not use the Holstein–Primakoff approximation, and is capable of modelling long light–atom interaction times, producing non-Gaussian states beyond the two-mode squeezed states. In the presence of dephasing, the entangled states are robust in the macroscopic limit as long as the dimensionless interaction time is less than

1
/

N

, where N is the number of atoms in the BEC. For photon loss, the entangled states generated by long interaction times show a remarkable robustness that makes the scheme promising for various quantum information applications.
A review of recent progress on directional metasurfaces: concept, design, and application
Authors: Chen Ke , Feng Yijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces have provided a new paradigm to control electromagnetic waves by manipulating the spatially varying distribution of subwavelength artificial structures across the interface. Directional metasurfaces, a kind of metasurface with direction-dependent properties, possess different wave functionalities upon the incidence wave coming from opposite directions. The diversified wave-manipulation capabilities of directional metasurfaces show advantages of compactness, flatness, scalability, direction-dependence, etc, exhibiting promising potentials for a plethora of applications. Here, we present a review on the recent progress of directional metasurfaces, including the concept origin, the practical realization of meta-structures, the design method for direction-dependent wavefront tailoring, and the application aspects of directional metasurfaces. In the conclusion, we present possible further research directions in this field based on our own perspectives.
Photonic spin Hall effect in symmetrical structure containing Dirac semimetal materials
Authors: Qi Song , Da Haixia , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal (3DDS) has attracted wide attraction due to its adjustable thickness and Fermi energy. However, the performance of photonic spin Hall effect in the structures with 3DDS is still unknown. In this work, we establish a symmetrical structure composed of the periodic 3DDS and Si to study the dependence of spin shift on the thickness and Fermi energy of 3DDS. We find that the magnitude and the position of the spin shift can be controlled by either the thickness or Fermi energy of 3DDS, whose maximum positive and negative spin shifts can reach up to

11.57
λ

and

−
8.29
λ

when the thickness of 3DDS, the Fermi energy, the repetition number of 3DDS and Si and the beam waist are

100

nm

,

0.15

eV

, 4 and

30
λ

, respectively. The enhanced spin shift is excited by surface plasmon resonance and the response of

r

s

/

r

p

with the incident angle can explain when and why the spin shift peak (valley) appears. In addition, the control of the repetition number of (3DDS-Si)
N
and (Si-3DDS)
N
is an effective way to adjust the magnitude and the position of the spin shift peak (valley). The realization of large and tunable spin shift in the symmetrical structure containing Dirac semimetal shows its great potential in the application of sensors, switches and optoelectronic devices.
Ligand-metal bonding effects in resonance enhanced x-ray Bragg diffraction
Authors: Lovesey S W , van der Laan G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chlorine covalently bonded to an open shell metal is present in many materials with desirable or intriguing physical properties. Materials include highly luminescent nontoxic alternatives to lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications K2CuCl3 and Rb2CuCl3, enantiomorphic CsCuCl3 that presents magneto-chiral dichroism at a low temperature, and cubic K2RuCl6 that possesses a singlet ground state generated by antiparallel spin and orbital angular momenta. Structural chirality of CsCuCl3 has been confirmed by resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction. We explore likely benefits of the technique at the chlorine K-edge using a symmetry informed method of calculation applied to chlorine multipoles. Already, a low energy feature in corresponding x-ray absorption spectra of many compounds has been related to the chlorine-metal bond. Bragg diffraction from chlorine in cubic K2RuCl6 is treated in detail. Diffraction patterns for rhombohedral compounds that present space-group forbidden Bragg spots are found to be relatively simple.
Methods of improving brain dose estimates for internally deposited radionuclides
*
Authors: Leggett Richard W , Tolmachev Sergei Y , Avtandilashvili Maia , Eckerman Keith F , Grogan Helen A , Sgouros George , Woloschak Gayle E , Samuels Caleigh , Boice Jr John D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) convened Scientific Committee 6–12 (SC 6–12) to examine methods for improving dose estimates for brain tissue for internally deposited radionuclides, with emphasis on alpha emitters. This Memorandum summarises the main findings of SC 6–12 described in the recently published NCRP Commentary No. 31, ‘Development of Kinetic and Anatomical Models for Brain Dosimetry for Internally Deposited Radionuclides’. The Commentary examines the extent to which dose estimates for the brain could be improved through increased realism in the biokinetic and dosimetric models currently used in radiation protection and epidemiology. A limitation of most of the current element-specific systemic biokinetic models is the absence of brain as an explicitly identified source region with its unique rate(s) of exchange of the element with blood. The brain is usually included in a large source region called Other that contains all tissues not considered major repositories for the element. In effect, all tissues in Other are assigned a common set of exchange rates with blood. A limitation of current dosimetric models for internal emitters is that activity in the brain is treated as a well-mixed pool, although more sophisticated models allowing consideration of different activity concentrations in different regions of the brain have been proposed. Case studies for 18 internal emitters indicate that brain dose estimates using current dosimetric models may change substantially (by a factor of 5 or more), or may change only modestly, by addition of a sub-model of the brain in the biokinetic model, with transfer rates based on results of published biokinetic studies and autopsy data for the element of interest. As a starting place for improving brain dose estimates, development of biokinetic models with explicit sub-models of the brain (when sufficient biokinetic data are available) is underway for radionuclides frequently encountered in radiation epidemiology. A longer-term goal is development of coordinated biokinetic and dosimetric models that address the distribution of major radioelements among radiosensitive brain tissues.
On-site calibration method of the AACMM based on a high-precision CNC machine tool
Authors: Wang Wen , Sun Jiahuan , Sun Tao , Lu Keqing , Yang He , Chen Zhanfeng , Wang Chuanyong , Weng Yixin , Cui Xueguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) is a kind of instrument used to test workpieces in the industrial field, and its measurement uncertainty depends on the on-site environmental factors to a certain extent. If there is a problem with the AACMM during on-site testing, it needs to be re-calibrated to ensure the measurement uncertainty. In this work, a fast on-site calibration method for the AACMM is proposed using a high-precision computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool. The AACMM is fixed on the machine tool table. The calibration artifact is clamped on the machine tool spindle. This calibration artifact can move to any point in the global space of the AACMM along with the operation of the spindle. Then, a virtual calibration artifact with calibration points is achieved using the CNC machine tool. The positions of these points are calculated using the improved Hammersley sequence. The calibration method using a high-precision CNC machine tool is experimentally verified through the single-point articulation performance test of ASME B89.4.22-2004 and the length measurement test of ISO 10360-12. The calibration method proposed in this work only uses an on-site high-precision CNC machine tool, one of the most common machines in many industrial fields, as the calibration instrument for the AACMM calibration. No extra equipment is required, which is convenient and beneficial to calibrate the AACMM. In addition, the CNC machine tool can construct different kinds of virtual structures for the AACMM calibration, such as virtual rods, virtual circles, virtual balls and even non-uniform 3D artifacts with complex curved surfaces. This may give rise to many novel calibration methods and further improve the calibration accuracy.
Calibration of line-structured light vision sensors based on simultaneous polarization imaging
Authors: Zhu Zhenmin , Zhao Yan , Liu Shibin , Liu Yongjie , Wang Wu , Tang Liang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stray light from line-structured light vision sensors easily interferes with the center extraction accuracy of a structured light strip. In this paper, a high-accuracy calibration technique using polarized beam splitting simultaneous imaging is proposed. First, two polarization component images with different polarization directions are obtained through a single measurement. The method overcomes problems related to stray light and errors caused by the shaking of the instruments. Therefore, false polarization information can be avoided in this way. Second, an image fusion algorithm is used to improve the imaging quality of the light bar. Experiments are performed to show that the light strips no longer have local overexposure, and the calibration accuracy of the system is improved.
Cu2O/Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposites for detection of triethylamine gas at room temperature
Authors: Zhou Ming , Yao Yu , Han Yutong , Xie Lili , Zhu Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Triethylamine gas is one of the harmful volatile organic compounds for human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, in order to prevent the detrimental effects of triethylamine gas, it has greatly requirement to be accurately detected. Unfortunately, Cu2O has a low triethylamine gas response and slow recovery. Because of this, we prepared Cu2O/Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposites by a facile ultrasonication technique. Cu2O is uniformly dispersed on the surface and interlayers of multilayer Ti3C2T
x
to form a stable hybrid heterostructure. The optimized Cu2O/Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposite sensor’s response to 10 ppm triethylamine at room temperature is 181.6% (∣
R
g-R
a
∣/R
a × 100%). It is 3.5 times higher than the original Cu2O nanospheres (52.1%). Moreover, due to the characteristics of high carrier migration rate and excellent conductivity of Ti3C2T
x
, the response recovery rate (1062 s/74 s) of Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx composites is greatly improved than pristine Cu2O (3169 s/293 s). In addition, Cu2O/Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposites sensor also shows excellent repeatability, outstanding selectivity, and long-term stability. Thus, the Cu2O/Ti3C2T
x
nanocomposites sensor has broad application prospects for detecting triethylamine gas at room temperature.
Prediction of negative refraction in Dirac semimetal metamaterial
Authors: Da Haixia , Song Qi , Hu Pengya , Ye Huapeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Negative refraction materials are indispensable building blocks in the optoelectric devices for their unique functionalities of controlling the light propagations, such as, superlens and transformation optics. However, material realizations of negative refraction are still limited to the conventional metals, semiconductors as well as magnetic materials. Here, we show that three dimensional Dirac semimetals have the opportunity to enable the negative refraction, which can be achieved through alternatively stacking three dimensional Dirac semimetals and the dielectric layers together. It is found that the effective perpendicular and parallel permittivities in this multilayered stack display the respective negative and positive values over a certain frequency region, which enables its negative group refractive angle and it can be controlled by the Fermi energy of Dirac semimetals. The spectra of transmittance in the multilayered structure for transverse magnetic wave also reveals an incident angle-independent transmittance dip, which originates from the zero value of the real part of the effective perpendicular permittivity. Our findings unveil the essential role of three dimensional Dirac semimetals in producing the negative group refraction responses and promise their applications in the metamaterial-based devices.
Nano-graphite field-emission cathode for space electric propulsion systems
Authors: Kleshch Victor I , Ismagilov Rinat R , Mukhin Vsevolod V , Orekhov Anton S , Filatyev Alexander S , Obraztsov Alexander N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Improving the thruster efficiency is a crucial challenge for the development of space electric propulsion systems, especially advanced air-breathing thrusters utilizing the surrounding rarefied atmosphere as fuel. A significant reduction in thruster power consumption can be achieved by using field emission (FE) cathodes that do not require heating and have the highest energy efficiency. In this work, we study FE from nano-graphite thin films, consisting of carbon nanostructures with a high aspect ratio, and demonstrate their suitability for use in the space electric propulsion systems. The films shown appropriate FE characteristics in a wide range of gas pressures at high current loads in constant and pulsed operation modes. Based on the obtained experimental results, nano-graphite cathodes were employed for the design of an electron gun with increased reliability and minimized energy losses associated with electron extraction. The possibility of using such a gun in a specific air-breathing satellite operating in low Earth orbits is demonstrated.
Applications of artificial intelligence in stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Mancosu Pietro , Lambri Nicola , Castiglioni Isabella , Dei Damiano , Iori Mauro , Loiacono Daniele , Russo Serenella , Talamonti Cinzia , Villaggi Elena , Scorsetti Marta , Avanzo Michele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This topical review focuses on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The high dose per fraction and the limited number of fractions in SBRT require stricter accuracy than standard radiation therapy. The intent of this review is to describe the development and evaluate the possible benefit of AI tools integration into the radiation oncology workflow for SBRT automation. The selected papers were subdivided into four sections, representative of the whole radiotherapy process: ‘AI in SBRT target and organs at risk contouring’, ‘AI in SBRT planning’, ‘AI during the SBRT delivery’, and ‘AI for outcome prediction after SBRT’. Each section summarises the challenges, as well as limits and needs for improvement to achieve better integration of AI tools in the clinical workflow.
Genuine multipartite entanglement subject to the Unruh and anti-Unruh effects
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Zeng Hao-Sheng , Liu Tonghua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the acceleration effect on the genuine tripartite entanglement for one or two accelerated detector(s) coupled to the vacuum field. Surprisingly, we find that the increase and decrease in entanglement have no definite correspondence with the Unruh and anti-Unruh effects. Specifically, Unruh effect can not only decrease but also enhance the tripartite entanglement between detectors; also, anti-Unruh effect can not only enhance but also decrease the tripartite entanglement. We give an explanation of this phenomenon. Finally, we extend the discussion from tripartite to N-partite systems.
Inferring Markovian quantum master equations of few-body observables in interacting spin chains
Authors: Carnazza Francesco , Carollo Federico , Zietlow Dominik , Andergassen Sabine , Martius Georg , Lesanovsky Igor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Full information about a many-body quantum system is usually out-of-reach due to the exponential growth—with the size of the system—of the number of parameters needed to encode its state. Nonetheless, in order to understand the complex phenomenology that can be observed in these systems, it is often sufficient to consider dynamical or stationary properties of local observables or, at most, of few-body correlation functions. These quantities are typically studied by singling out a specific subsystem of interest and regarding the remainder of the many-body system as an effective bath. In the simplest scenario, the subsystem dynamics, which is in fact an open quantum dynamics, can be approximated through Markovian quantum master equations. Here, we formulate the problem of finding the generator of the subsystem dynamics as a variational problem, which we solve using the standard toolbox of machine learning for optimization. This dynamical or ‘Lindblad’ generator provides the relevant dynamical parameters for the subsystem of interest. Importantly, the algorithm we develop is constructed such that the learned generator implements a physically consistent open quantum time-evolution. We exploit this to learn the generator of the dynamics of a subsystem of a many-body system subject to a unitary quantum dynamics. We explore the capability of our method to recover the time-evolution of a two-body subsystem and exploit the physical consistency of the generator to make predictions on the stationary state of the subsystem dynamics.
Competition between collective and individual conical intersection dynamics in an optical cavity
Authors: Csehi András , Vendrell Oriol , Halász Gábor J , Vibók Ágnes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Light-induced nonadiabatic phenomena arise when molecules or molecular ensembles are exposed to resonant external electromagnetic fields. The latter can either be classical laser or quantized cavity radiation fields, which can couple to either the electronic, nuclear or rotational degrees of freedom of the molecule. In the case of quantized radiation fields, the light–matter coupling results in the formation of two new hybrid light–matter states, namely the upper and lower ‘polaritons’. Light-induced avoided crossings and light-induced conical intersections (CIs) between polaritons exist as a function of the vibrational and rotational coordinates of single molecules. For ensembles of N molecules, the N − 1 dark states between the two optically active polaritons feature, additionally, so-called collective CIs, involving the coordinates of more than one molecule to form. Here, we study the competition between intramolecular and collective light-induced nonadiabatic phenomena by comparing the escape rate from the Franck–Condon region of a single molecule and of a molecular ensemble coupled to a cavity mode. In situations where the polaritonic gap would be large and the dark-state decay channels could not be reached effectively, the presence of a seam of light-induced CI between the polaritons facilitates again the participation of the dark manifold, resulting in a cooperative effect that determines the overall non-radiative decay rate from the upper into the lower polaritonic states.
Local equilibrium properties of ultraslow diffusion in the Sinai model
Authors: Padash Amin , Aghion Erez , Schulz Alexander , Barkai Eli , Chechkin Aleksei V , Metzler Ralf , Kantz Holger 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We perform numerical studies of a thermally driven, overdamped particle in a random quenched force field, known as the Sinai model. We compare the unbounded motion on an infinite 1-dimensional domain to the motion in bounded domains with reflecting boundaries and show that the unbounded motion is at every time close to the equilibrium state of a finite system of growing size. This is due to time scale separation: inside wells of the random potential, there is relatively fast equilibration, while the motion across major potential barriers is ultraslow. Quantities studied by us are the time dependent mean squared displacement, the time dependent mean energy of an ensemble of particles, and the time dependent entropy of the probability distribution. Using a very fast numerical algorithm, we can explore times up top 1017 steps and thereby also study finite-time crossover phenomena.