bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to Regulatory Barriers to “Ethical Meat”: Are On-Farm Slaughter Exemptions the Solution?
Authors: Berger Richardson Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMandatory meat inspection requirements have long been a source of frustration for advocates of ethical meat. Seen as overly restrictive and ill-adapted to the realities on the ground, some argue that farm-to-consumer sales should be subject to less stringent inspection requirements than conventional meat supply chains. Recently, a series of legislative reforms authorizing on-farm slaughter suggests that policy makers are listening. But do on-farm slaughter exemptions really facilitate ethical meat sales? To answer this question, this paper explores meat inspection systems in Quebec, Ontario, and Vermont. Drawing on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with producers, processors, and policy advisors, it argues that inspection requirements may not be the barriers they are presumed to be. Instead, producers and processors face other more significant financial and structural challenges. These need to be addressed if ethical meat is to be a viable alternative to the dominant model of animal agriculture.
Legal coding beyond capital?
Authors: Pistor Katharina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCapital, I argue in ‘The Code of Capital: How the Law Creates Wealth and Inequality’, is coded in law.1 Legal coding is a process that adapts and molds formal law over time, often without explicit ex ante sanctioning by a legislature or a court. Several characteristics of formal law make it susceptible to coding, including its inherent incompleteness, the strong endorsement for private autonomy, and decentralised access to a state’s consolidated means of coercion.2 Would a progressive European Code of Private Law (EPL-code), as proposed by Hesselink, alter any of this and what would it take to ensure that the principles enshrined in this code would in fact be realised? These are the questions I will address in this short essay.
A societal private law
Authors: Beckers Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis comment discusses on how legal change can originate from society and the private sphere. It argues that Hesselink’s perspective is too strongly oriented on public sphere and ignores the societal sphere including its transformative potential. The comment centres the concept of private law institutions and institutional change that is a core element in both Katharina Pistor’s diagnosis on coding of capital in law and Martijn Hesselink’s related proposal to reform private law institutions through a comprehensive principle-oriented code. The comment first introduces the idea of legal institutionalism in Pistor and Hesselink to then add to it an additional perspective from a new institutional theory that identifies the transformative potential within the social institutions themselves. It is then argued that the law, rather than being in need of radical change, needs to be radical in being responsive to the societal institutions. The contribution concludes by outlining on the basis of three examples – contract, tort and private international law – how societally responsive private law institutions can look like.
Progress towards what? On the need for an intersectional paradigm shift in European private law
Authors: Tjon Soei Len Lyn K.L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHesselink proposes a progressive code of European private law as a radical response to Pistor’s The Code of Capital, which exposes private law’s complicity in staggering wealth inequality and social injustice. In this contribution, I argue that the proposal for a progressive code is insufficiently radical, because it is not fully equipped to address root problems of socially unjust private law. I suggest that a fuller accounting of root problems is necessary as a precondition for a ‘radical’ response: a more fundamental rethinking of private law based in more inclusive theorising of its role in social injustice. I sketch some of the ways in which intersectional approaches can assist in a fuller accounting of root problems by elevating and highlighting how mutually constructing systems of privilege and oppression give rise to social injustices that shape people’s lives. Notably, accounting of private law’s complicity in social injustice should engage private law’s coding of capital as entangled with race and gender. I argue that intersectionality is needed to enable the sort of paradigm shift, progressive visions and radical responses Hesselink aspires.
Interpersonal justice as partial justice
Authors: Collins Hugh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite being sympathetic to the aim of Martijn Hesselink’s paper to explore how private law might be used to tackle gross inequalities, it is argued that private law is based fundamentally on the moral principles of interpersonal justice, which being a kind of partial justice as explained by Thomas Nagel are distinct and often opposed to the impartial standards of justice used in theories of social justice. European private law either has to abandon the principles of interpersonal justice in favour of a goal-oriented regulation or alternatively a richer conception of interpersonal justice may be developed that may assist to a limited extent the pursuit of greater equality.
ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) tool: adaptation and psychometric properties in South Africa
Authors: Spedding Maxine , Kohrt Brandon , Myers Bronwyn , Stein Dan J. , Petersen Inge , Lund Crick , Sorsdahl Katherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTheENhancingAssessment ofCommonTherapeutic factors (ENACT) tool measures a set of therapeutic competencies required for the effective psychological intervention, including delivery by non-specialists. This paper describes the systematic adaptation of the ENACT for the South African (SA) context and presents the tool's initial psychometric properties.MethodsWe employed a four-step process: (1) Item generation: 204 therapeutic factors were generated by SA psychologists and drawn from the original ENACT as potential items; (2) Item relevance: SA therapists identified 96 items that were thematically coded according to their relationship to one another and were assigned to six domains; (3) Item utility: The ENACT-SA scale was piloted by rating recordings of psychological therapy sessions and stakeholder input; and (4) Psychometric properties: Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability of the final 12-item ENACT-SA were explored using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation co-efficient (ICC) for both clinical psychologists and registered counsellors.ResultsAlthough the original ENACT provided a framework for developing a tool for use in SA, several modifications were made to improve the applicability of the tool for the SA context, and optimise its adaptability other contexts. The adapted 12-item tool's internal consistency was good, while the inter-rater reliability was acceptable for both clinical psychologists and registered counsellors.ConclusionThe ENACT-SA is a reliable tool to assess common factors in psychological treatments. It is recommended that the tool be used in conjunction with assessment protocols and treatment-specific competency measures to fully assess implementation fidelity and potential mechanisms of therapeutic change.
Peer Effects in Equity Research
Authors: Phua Kenny , Tham Mandy , Wei Chishen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the importance of peer effects among sell-side analysts who work at the same brokerage house, but cover different firms. By mapping the information network within each brokerage, we identify analysts who occupy central positions in the network. Central analysts incorporate more information from their coworkers and produce better research. Using shocks to network structures around brokerage mergers, we identify the influence of peer effects and the importance of industry expertise on analysts’ performance. A portfolio strategy that exploits the forecast revisions of central analysts earns up to 24% per annum.
Retail Attention, Institutional Attention
Authors: Liu Hongqi , Peng Lin , Tang Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe document distinctly different clientele effects on investor attention and return responses to information. Macro news crowds out retail investor attention to firms’ earnings news by 49%. For stocks with high retail ownership, macro news dampens earnings announcement returns by 17% and substantially increases post-announcement drift, especially during high VIX periods. In contrast, macro news increases institutional investor attention to scheduled earnings announcements but not their attention to unscheduled analysts’ forecast revisions. The findings confirm the implications of rational inattention models and highlight the importance of considering clientele effects in understanding the effect of news on attention and asset prices.
Delegated Monitoring, Institutional Ownership, and Corporate Misconduct Spillovers
Authors: Lel Ugur , Martin Gerald S. , Qin Zhongling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUpon the revelation of corporate misconduct by firms in their portfolios, institutional investors experience a significant discount in the market value of their portfolios, excluding misconduct firms, creating a short-term spillover that averages $92.7 billion losses per year. We examine an expansive set of channels under which this spillover to nontarget firms can occur, and find that it reflects the loss of the embedded value of monitoring by a common institutional owner, enforcement wave activity, and industry peer and business relationships. Institutional investors also experience a significant abnormal outflow of funds in the year following the misconduct event.
Capacity development challenges and solutions for Natura 2000: an approach through blended learning
Authors: Campagnaro Thomas , McIntosh Neil , Trentanovi Giovanni , Sitzia Tommaso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCapacity development is essential for the effective management of protected areas and for achieving successful biodiversity conservation. European Natura 2000 sites form an extensive network of protected areas and developing the capacity of staff at all levels is a priority that will positively influence the appropriate implementation of conservation actions. In this study we identify the main challenges and potential solutions to developing the skills, knowledge and tools required for effective Natura 2000 site management. Our findings are based on a case study of the European project LIFE e-Natura2000.edu, which focuses on capacity development in practical biodiversity conservation and management through integrated and blended learning experiences (i.e. a combination of face-to-face and virtual teaching). We illustrate the main elements for successfully building capacity within a variety of knowledge and experience backgrounds and operating levels related to the management of Natura 2000 sites. Multifaceted, blended learning approaches are key to tackling the various needs of Natura 2000 managers in terms of skills, knowledge and tools.
Telehealth v. face-to-face provision of care to patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scott Anna Mae , Clark Justin , Greenwood Hannah , Krzyzaniak Natalia , Cardona Magnolia , Peiris Ruwani , Sims Rebecca , Glasziou Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnsuring continuity of care for patients with major depressive disorders poses multiple challenges. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing real-time telehealth to face-to-face therapy for individuals with depression. We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central (to November 2020), conducted a citation analysis (January 2021), and searched clinical trial registries (March 2021). We included randomised controlled trials comparing similar or identical care, delivered via real-time telehealth (phone, video) to face-to-face. Outcomes included: depression severity, quality of life, therapeutic alliance, and care satisfaction. Where data were sufficient, mean differences were calculated. Nine trials (1268 patients) were included. There were no differences between telehealth and face-to-face care for depression severity at post-treatment (SMD −0.04, 95% CI −0.21 to 0.13, p = 0.67) or at other time points, except at 9 months post-treatment (SMD −0.39, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.02, p = 0.04). One trial reported no differences in quality-of-life scores at 3- or 12-months post-treatment. One trial found no differences in therapeutic alliance at weeks 4 and 14 of treatment. There were no differences in treatment satisfaction between telehealth and face-to-face immediately post-treatment (SMD −0.14, 95% CI −0.56 to 0.28, p = 0.51) or at 3 or 12-months. Evidence suggests that for patients with depression or depression symptoms, the provision of care via telehealth may be a viable alternative to the provision of care face-to-face. However, additional trials are needed with longer follow-up, conducted in a wider range of settings, and with younger patients.
Non-linear associations between HPA axis activity during infancy and mental health difficulties during early childhood among children in rural Pakistan
Authors: Frost Allison , Hagaman Ashley , Baranov Victoria , Chung Esther O. , Bhalotra Sonia , Sikander Siham , Maselko Joanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity may be a mechanism linking early adversity to child mental health difficulties. However, there is a dearth of longitudinal evidence for the association between HPA axis activity and mental health among children in low-resource contexts. The goal of this study is to examine linear and curvilinear associations between HPA axis activity during infancy and mental health difficulties in early childhood among children in rural Pakistan. Participants included 104 children (46% male) from the Bachpan study, a longitudinal cohort embedded within a maternal depression trial in Pakistan. We examined the associations between hair-derived cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) at 12 months old and mental health difficulties, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), at 36 months old. There was a significant quadratic association between hair cortisol and SDQ scores, with results showing a U-shaped relationship (i.e., having relatively high or low cortisol predicted increased mental health difficulties). DHEA showed a quadratic association with SDQ scores with an inverted U-shaped relationship (i.e., high and low DHEA was associated with decreased mental health difficulties). Results provide evidence of longitudinal and curvilinear effects of cortisol and DHEA during infancy on mental health difficulties in early childhood.
Seed germination, initial growth and leaf anatomy of seedlings of four tree species grown in mine tailings in Brazil
Authors: Martins Scarpa Ana Lívia , Rodrigues Filipe Almendagna , Cruz Yasmini da Cunha , Duarte Vinícius Politi , de Castro Evaristo Mauro , Pasqual Moacir , Pereira Fabricio José 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the tolerance of two species of Schinus and two species of Handroanthus cultivated in iron mining tailings from the rupture of the dam in Mariana, Brazil. Samples of mining tailings were collected 1 km away from the dam location and then dried, stored in plastic bags and further analysed for elemental composition. The seeds, later seedlings, were cultivated in the mining waste and in sand in two experiments separately and the experimental design was in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two substrates and three combinations of species), with six replications (n = 36). After 60 d of the establishment of the experiments, the germination data, biometric and anatomical measurements of the leaves were evaluated, in addition to the elemental characterization of the tailings. Mining tailings showed macro and micronutrients in addition to potentially toxic elements (As, Al, Cr, Pb and Ni). Seeds germinated and seedlings survived in the mining tailings. Mining tailings reduced the seedling emergence in Handroanthus, whereas it increased the emergence in S. molle and had no significant effect in S. terebinthifolia. Mining tailings reduced the number and length of roots in Schinus but increased these traits in Handroanthus species. Moreover, mining tailings reduced the fresh mass in Handroanthus but had no effect in the Schinus species. Mining tailings reduced the palisade and spongy parenchyma Handroanthus but only the spongy parenchyma was reduced in Schinus species. Therefore, mining tailings provided conditions for seed germination and seedling growth and Schinus species showed higher tolerance.
FULLY 3D FLUID OUTFLOW FROM A SPHERICAL SOURCE
Authors: FORBES LAWRENCE K. , WALTERS STEPHEN J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider fully three-dimensional time-dependent outflow from a source into a surrounding fluid of different density. The source is distributed over a sphere of finite radius. The nonlinear problem is formulated using a spectral approach in which two streamfunctions and the density are represented as a Fourier-type series with time-dependent coefficients that must be calculated. Linearized theories are also discussed and an approximate stability condition for early stages in the outflow is derived. Nonlinear solutions are presented and different outflow shapes adopted by the fluid interface are investigated.
The Politics of Racial Abjection
Authors: Davis Brandon R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBuilding on the theoretical frameworks of both Charles Mills and Juliet Hooker I center race within abjection theory to demonstrate how the lack of concern about the pain and suffering of racial minorities is a link between critical race and abjection theory. The central problematic of this paper is racial abjection—how race creates an altered conceptualization of abjection and what this means for Blacks within the polis. Racial abjection is a powerful mythological, psychological, and physical response to the Black body and Black sexuality. This is the ability and desire of Whites to witness Black pain and suffering. I discuss the relationship among racial abjection, the Black body and Black sexuality. Then I detail the effects of racial abjection on Black masculinity and femininity. Lastly, I offer (dis)identification as a possible starting point for counter-conceptualizing Black identity.
CRAIG INTERPOLATION THEOREM FAILS IN BI-INTUITIONISTIC PREDICATE LOGIC
Authors: OLKHOVIKOV GRIGORY K. , BADIA GUILLERMO 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article we show that bi-intuitionistic predicate logic lacks the Craig Interpolation Property. We proceed by adapting the counterexample given by Mints, Olkhovikov and Urquhart for intuitionistic predicate logic with constant domains [13]. More precisely, we show that there is a valid implication
$\phi \rightarrow \psi $
with no interpolant. Importantly, this result does not contradict the unfortunately named ‘Craig interpolation’ theorem established by Rauszer in [24] since that article is about the property more correctly named ‘deductive interpolation’ (see Galatos, Jipsen, Kowalski and Ono’s use of this term in [5]) for global consequence. Given that the deduction theorem fails for bi-intuitionistic logic with global consequence, the two formulations of the property are not equivalent.
Monitoring In Situ Microbial Growth and Decay in Soil Column Experiments by Induced Polarization
Authors: Song Yalin , Shi Xiaoqing , Revil André , Kang Xueyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of the microbial activity in porous media faces considerable challenges because conventional analytical procedures are intrusive. Induced polarization has shown promises as a non‐intrusive monitoring approach for such processes. However, quantitative analysis of soil column experiments to show how IP‐based parameters can be related to the density of bacteria is still lacking. The evolution of bacterial density and the induced polarization was performed in soil‐packed column experiments using Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1. A quantitative relationship between the quadrature conductivity and the bacterial density was established and further applied to assess the bacterial growth and decay, and infer the Monod kinetic parameters. The Monod kinetic parameters inferred from the column experiments mimicking field conditions were different to those obtained from the batch experiments.
Dissimilar Sensitivities of Ocean Acidification Metrics to Anthropogenic Carbon Accumulation in the Central North Pacific Ocean and California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Arroyo Mar C. , Fassbender Andrea J. , Carter Brendan R. , Edwards Christopher A. , Fiechter Jerome , Norgaard Addie , Feely Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyze and compare changes in ocean acidification metrics caused by anthropogenic carbon (Canth) accumulation in the North Pacific Ocean and California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). The greatest declines in pH and carbonate mineral saturation state occur near the surface, coincident with the highest Canth concentrations. However, maximal increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and hydrogen ion concentration occur subsurface where Canth values are lower. We attribute dissimilar sensitivities of these metrics to background ocean chemistry, which has naturally high pCO2 and low buffering capacity in subsurface waters due to accumulated byproducts of organic matter respiration, which interacts with Canth. In the CCLME, rising subsurface pCO2 has increased the frequency, duration, and intensity of hypercapnia (pCO2 ≥ 1,000 μatm) on the continental shelf. Our findings suggest that hypercapnia induced by Canth accumulation can co‐occur with hypoxia in the CCLME and is an additional modern stressor for marine organisms.
A Novel Approach for Reconstructing Slip Histories for Bedrock Fault Scarps Using Rock Surface Luminescence Dating
Authors: Luo Ming , Chen Jie , Owen Lewis A. , Qin Jintang , Yin Jinhui , Yang Huili , Liu Jinfeng , Gong Zhijun , Luo Jiahong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA newly developing method, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)‐depth profiles (DPs), provides a novel means of reconstructing and quantifying fault slip on timescales of 101−4 years. A targeted bedrock fault scarp along Langshan in north China, used as proof of concept, is divided into four sections based on four groups of OSL‐DPs at different heights up the bedrock fault scarp. These have seismic displacements of 170, 80, 130, and 140 cm, and without considering the erosion rate, the exposure ages at the four displacements are 6–35 a, 19–84 a, 0.5–0.9 ka, and 2–5 ka, respectively. The ages are overall in chronological order, while the actual ages are likely underestimated due to erosion. After assuming erosion amounts according to the weathering characteristics, the calculated ages are mostly consistent with paleoseismic trenching studies. In addition, the method may identify a seismic event that previous studies did not identify.