bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quest for harmonisation in anti-doping: an Indian perspective
Authors: Star Shaun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe World Anti-Doping Agency aims to promote clean sport through the introduction and implementation of harmonised rules under the World Anti-Doping Code, 2021 (the Code). Since WADA relies heavily on National Anti-Doping Organisations to implement the Code, the experience of anti-doping differs across countries. Some scholars argue that the current framework disproportionately impacts athletes from developing countries. This paper contributes to this debate by analysing systemic issues in the implementation of the Code in one such country—India. The legitimacy of anti-doping in India has been questioned as a result of the recent suspension of the National Dope-Testing Laboratory, a series of false positive tests, accusations of significant procedural and substantive errors by domestic tribunals, and access to justice challenges. Given the prevalence of doping in India, alongside the accumulation of recent controversies and push for reform, a deeper analysis of anti-doping in the country is warranted. The lack of compliance in India with certain requirements set out in the Code, as well as the failure to meet “best practice” standards set by other jurisdictions, is evidence that there is a lack of harmonisation in implementing anti-doping rules and procedures across countries. This paper contributes to the debate on the impact that a lack of harmonisation in the implementation of the Code can have on the legitimacy of the anti-doping framework. From a policy perspective, the proposed research agenda and recommendations can be applied to promote reform in India and other jurisdictions, especially in developing and emerging countries.
Veräußerlichte Zeit, verinnerlichter Raum
Authors: Kellermann Franziska 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund des Problems der räumlichen Abgeschiedenheit der Visionärin Gertrud untersucht der Beitrag die reziproken Bezüge von kollektivem Chorgebet und individueller Kontemplation in Buch IV des Legatus. Ausgehend von liturgischen Texten werden im Visionstext insbesondere Innen- und Außenräume entworfen, deren Verschränkung und Überschreitung auf Präsenz- und Bewegungseffekte abzielen. Der Offenbarungstext geht auf diese Weise über eine fortlaufende Arbeit an der Liturgie hinaus und macht sie produktiv für eine Verhandlung des heiligmäßigen Lebens der Visionärin im monastischen Kollektiv.
Bringing the Entrepreneurial Mindset into Mining Engineering Education
Authors: Sörensen Aarti , Mitra Rudrajit , Hulthén Erik , Hartmann Tobias , Clausen Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere has been an ongoing debate on how to transform engineering education to better prepare students for today`s professional world that is characterized by increasingly complex problems and challenges that engineers are tasked with upon entering the industry. Within the conceive–design–implement–operate (CDIO) framework, entrepreneurship education presents a valuable pedagogical approach to foster the necessary skills of the students through integrated, hands-on, active learning experiences. While numerous publications have addressed possibilities of how experiential, problem-based, project-based and active learning can be integrated into engineering curriculum, there has been hardly any attention on mining engineering with respect to adopting this approach. This paper will address the possibilities of integrating entrepreneurship education into mining engineering programs in particular. This paper will enhance and foster discussion among academics from mining engineering on how to integrate elements of entrepreneurship education on a course, program and departmental level to infuse value creation experiences across the curriculum.
Issues in defining and placing consumer brand engagement
Authors: Cantone Luigi , Testa Pierpaolo , Marrone Teresa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper aims to identify the current positioning of consumer brand engagement (CBE) in marketing literature, thus filling a gap and contributing to a richer overview of the concept. Numerous research topics currently overlap in the marketing literature as brand theory has not been systemised precisely, especially with regard to consumer feeling towards brands and consumers’ active role in creating brand equity. The methodology adopted for this empirical research is qualitative, and the research question is the following:what is the current positioning of CBE in marketing theory?To find the answer, three empirical studies were performed. The first, Study 1, involved eight scholars—the key informants—specialising in the topic. In Study 2, 64 academic articles focusing on CBE were analysed. By comparing the two, it was possible to identify some counterintuitive problems and pitfalls impeding the definitive affirmation of CBE in marketing literature. Lastly, in Study 3, six Italian CBE practitioners (marketing managers and digital marketing consultants) were questioned to gather further information and shed light on some grey areas highlighted by the academic community regarding management issues. The principal expected outcome was to ascertain whether CBE has specific and well-defined conceptual dimensions that may be applied to other similar topics in marketing literature. The study’s originality lies in a rationalisation of the theory underpinning the topic and proposing a possible systematisation.
Extracellular vesicles: from bench to bedside
Authors: Chen Yang , Yu Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles with heterogenous contents, including genetic materials, proteins, lipids and small metabolites. The classic EVs are exosomes, which originate from endosomal systems, and microvesicles, which are shed from the plasma membrane. Newly discovered organelle migrasome, once released from cells, adds another player to the EV realm. EVs are present in biological fluids and are important in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation and cancer metastasis. Knowledge of EV biology is essential to promote the clinical application of EVs as potential candidates for non-invasive liquid biopsy and drug delivery vehicles. This is a fast-expanding field, but more attention should be paid to the fundamental biology of EVs in order to keep up with the explosive growth of translational needs.
The Predictive Turn in Neuroscience
Authors: Weiskopf Daniel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuroscientists have in recent years turned to building models that aim to generate predictions rather than explanations. This “predictive turn” has swept across domains including law, marketing, and neuropsychiatry. Yet the norms of prediction remain undertheorized relative to those of explanation. I examine two styles of predictive modeling and show how they exemplify the normative dynamics at work in prediction. I propose an account of how predictive models, conceived of as technological devices for aiding decision-making, can come to be adequate for purposes that are defined by both their guiding research questions and their larger social context of application.
Discovering Control Mechanisms: The Controllers of Dynein
Authors: Bechtel William 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost accounts of mechanism discovery have focused on mechanisms that perform the work required to produce a phenomenon. These mechanisms are often subject to regulation by control mechanisms. Using the example of the molecular motor dynein, this paper examines one process by which such control mechanisms are discovered—the process by which researchers, after identifying additional components required to produce the phenomenon but not directly involved in the work of producing that phenomenon, investigate both how these components act on the original mechanism and how they do so in response to measurements of conditions relevant to the operation of the controlled mechanism.
What Is at Stake in the Formalization of a Chronostratigraphic Unit? A Case Study on the Anthropocene
Authors: Bobadilla Hernán 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe prospective formalization of the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy has been intensely debated. This paper explores and assesses the stakes of this process from a philosophical perspective. I distinguish two senses of formalization—the descriptive and the evaluative—and argue that: 1) there are descriptive and evaluative formalizations of the Anthropocene beyond the confines of the ICS; 2) incoherencies between Anthropocene proposals and the ICS’s current tenets are not a decisive reason for deferring descriptive formalization; and 3) the prospective evaluative formalization of the Anthropocene by the ICS would be impactful.
Long-term associations between early-life family functioning and preadolescent white matter microstructure
Authors: Delaney Scott W. , Xerxa Yllza , Muetzel Ryan L. , White Tonya , Haneuse Sebastien , Ressler Kerry J. , Tiemeier Henning , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCauses of childhood behavior problems remain poorly understood. Enriched family environments and corresponding brain development may reduce the risk of their onset, but research investigating white matter neurodevelopmental pathways explaining associations between the family environment and behavior remains limited. We hypothesized that more positive prenatal and mid-childhood family functioning – a measure of a family's problem solving and supportive capacity – would be associated with two markers of preadolescent white matter neurodevelopment related to reduced behavior problems: higher global fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower global mean diffusivity (MD).MethodsData are from 2727 families in the Generation R Study, the Netherlands. Mothers reported family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device, range 1–4, higher scores indicate healthier functioning) prenatally and in mid-childhood (mean age 6.1 years). In preadolescence (mean age 10.1), the study collected diffusion-weighted scans. We computed standardized global MD and FA values by averaging metrics from 27 white matter tracts, and we fit linear models adjusting for possible confounders to examine global and tract-specific outcomes.ResultsPrenatal and mid-childhood family functioning scores were moderately correlated, r = 0.38. However, only prenatal family functioning – and not mid-childhood functioning – was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD in preadolescence in fully adjusted models: βglobal FA = 0.11 (95% CI 0.00, 0.21) and βglobal MD = −0.15 (95% CI −0.28, −0.03) per one-unit increase in functioning score. Sensitivity and tract-specific analyses supported these global findings.ConclusionsThese results suggest high-functioning prenatal or perinatal family environments may confer lasting white matter neurodevelopmental benefits into preadolescence.
Paranoia and the law: Martin Luther and critical theory in hermeneutical dialogue
Authors: Torrance Jonathan Donald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCritical theory represents the dominant theoretical framework currently deployed in the humanities, yet it is a framework that many theologians have been slow to engage. The recent ‘postcritical’ turn in critical theory, however, has striking affinities with several key concerns of Christian theology, as is becoming increasingly recognised. This article suggests that dialogue between critical theory and theology can be mutually beneficial, particularly in relation to hamartiology. It argues that there is a strong parallel between Martin Luther's theology of the law and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's account of critical theory's ‘paranoid’ hermeneutics. It then draws on this parallel to diagnose a weakness in Sedgwick's ‘postcritical’ response to such paranoia, and suggests that this weakness can be repaired by a specifically theological approach to hermeneutics.
Pathways, Form Drag, and Turbulence in Simulations of an Ocean Flowing Through an Ice Mélange
Authors: Hughes Kenneth G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA collection of calved icebergs frozen in place by surrounding sea ice (a “mélange”) is common in many Greenlandic fjords. Being an obstacle to ocean currents, a mélange alters ocean dynamics and thermodynamics over the many kilometers that it extends out in front of the glacier. Here we focus on a set of dynamics—flow pathways, form drag, and turbulence—using many simulations that each resolve the flow around hundreds of volume‐occupying, but otherwise passive, cuboid “icebergs.” Some streaks of fast flow do arise where currents are squeezed through gaps between icebergs but, on average, the near‐surface current is slowed. Maximum average currents speeds are instead found at or below the drafts of the deepest icebergs. Form drag scales with U2h when few icebergs exist and smoothly transitions to scaling with NUh2 when many icebergs exist, where U is the far‐field flow velocity, N is the buoyancy frequency, and h is a typical iceberg draft. Turbulence predominately occurs in wakes behind the icebergs (as opposed to below icebergs due to internal wave breaking). Consequently, turbulent dissipation is elevated at depths less than or near the drafts of larger icebergs (∼100 m).
A Self Training Mechanism With Scanty and Incompletely Annotated Samples for Learning‐Based Cloud Detection in Whole Sky Images
Authors: Ye Liang , Wang Yufeng , Cao Zhiguo , Yang Zhibiao , Min Huasong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCloud detection is one of important tasks in automatic ground‐based cloud observation systems with ground‐based cloud images. Most supervised methods need substantial annotated samples for model training, while the pixel‐level annotation costs a lot. In this letter, a self‐training mechanism is proposed to significantly reduce the requirement of annotated samples. With a number of original images, only a few images need to be annotated (even incompletely), and a local region classifier model can be initialized with the annotated samples. Then the model is retrained iteratively using unlabeled samples with high confidence pseudo labels given by a fusion decision. The finely trained model can classify the local regions into “cloud” or “sky”. The experiments show that the proposed mechanism is effective for several classifiers. The proposed method can outperform unsupervised methods and achieve comparable results with fully supervised learning methods but using much fewer annotated samples.
Immunoglobulin gene sequence analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the 2022 update of the recommendations by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL
Authors: Agathangelidis Andreas , Chatzidimitriou Anastasia , Chatzikonstantinou Thomas , Tresoldi Cristina , Davis Zadie , Giudicelli Véronique , Kossida Sofia , Belessi Chrysoula , Rosenquist Richard , Ghia Paolo , Langerak Anton W. , Davi Frédéric , Stamatopoulos Kostas ,   on behalf of ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe somatic hypermutation (SHM) status of the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene is a critical biomarker for assessing the prognosis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Importantly, independent studies have documented that IGHV SHM status is also a predictor of responses to therapy, including both chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and novel, targeted agents. Moreover, immunogenetic analysis in CLL has revealed that different patients may express (quasi)identical, stereotyped B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) and are classified into subsets based on this common feature. Patients in certain stereotyped subsets display consistent biology, clinical presentation, and outcome that are distinct from other patients, even with concordant IGHV gene SHM status. All of the above highlights the relevance of immunogenetic analysis in CLL, which is considered a cornerstone for accurate risk stratification and clinical decision making. Recommendations for robust immunogenetic analysis exist thanks to dedicated efforts by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, covering all test phases, from the pre-analytical and analytical to the post-analytical, pertaining to the analysis, interpretation, and reporting of the findings. That said, these recommendations apply to Sanger sequencing, which is increasingly being superseded by next generation sequencing (NGS), further underscoring the need for an update. Here, we present an overview of the clinical utility of immunogenetics in CLL and update our analytical recommendations with the aim to assist in the refined management of patients with CLL.
Bottom-up estimates of reactive nitrogen loss from Chinese wheat production in 2014
Authors: Tian Xingshuai , Yin Yulong , Zhuang Minghao , Cong Jiahui , Chu Yiyan , He Kai , Zhang Qingsong , Cui Zhenling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExcessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) for Chinese wheat production results in high loss of reactive N loss (Nr; all forms of N except N2) into the environment, causing serious environmental issues. Quantifying Nr loss and its spatial variations therein is vital to optimize N management and mitigate loss. However, accurate, high spatial resolution estimations of Nr from wheat production are lacking due to limitations of data generation and estimation methods. Here, we applied the random forest (RF) algorithm to bottom-up N application rate data, obtained through a survey of millions of farmers, to estimate the Nr loss from wheat production in 2014. The results showed that the average total Nr loss was 52.5 kg N ha−1 (range: 4.6-157.8 kg N ha−1), which accounts for 26.1% of the total N applied. The hotspots for high Nr loss are the same as those high applied N, including northwestern Xinjiang, central-southern Hebei, Shandong, central-northern Jiangsu, and Hubei. Our database could guide regional N management and be used in conjunction with biogeochemical models.
VenomMaps: Updated species distribution maps and models for New World pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae)
Authors: Rautsaw Rhett M. , Jiménez-Velázquez Gustavo , Hofmann Erich P. , Alencar Laura R. V. , Grünwald Christoph I. , Martins Marcio , Carrasco Paola , Doan Tiffany M. , Parkinson Christopher L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeyond providing critical information to biologists, species distributions are useful for naturalists, curious citizens, and applied disciplines including conservation planning and medical intervention. Venomous snakes are one group that highlight the importance of having accurate information given their cosmopolitan distribution and medical significance. Envenomation by snakebite is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization and venomous snake distributions are used to assess vulnerability to snakebite based on species occurrence and antivenom/healthcare accessibility. However, recent studies highlighted the need for updated fine-scale distributions of venomous snakes. Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) are responsible for >98% of snakebites in the New World. Therefore, to begin to address the need for updated fine-scale distributions, we created VenomMaps, a database and web application containing updated distribution maps and species distribution models for all species of New World pitvipers. With these distributions, biologists can better understand the biogeography and conservation status of this group, researchers can better assess vulnerability to snakebite, and medical professionals can easily discern species found in their area.
The effect of apigenin and chemotherapy combination treatments on apoptosis-related genes and proteins in acute leukaemia cell lines
Authors: Mahbub Amani A. , Le Maitre Christine L. , Cross Neil A. , Jordan-Mahy Nicola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApigenin is a dietary polyphenol found abundantly in fruit and vegetables, which sensitizes leukaemia cells to topoisomerase inhibitor agents (e.g., etoposide), and alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), reducing ATP levels and inducing apoptosis; whilst being protective to control haematopoietic stem cells. This study analysed the expression profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related genes and proteins to help elucidate the mechanisms of action of apigenin when used in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines (Jurkat and THP-1). Expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured using a TaqMan® Human Apoptosis Array and the StepOne Plus RT-qPCR System, whilst apoptosis-related proteins were determined using a protein profiler™-human apoptosis array and the LI-COR OdysseyR Infrared Imaging System. Apigenin when combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c, SMAC/DIABLO, and HTRA2/OMI, which promoted caspase-9 and -3 activation. Targeting anti-apoptotic and/or pro-apoptotic members of the apoptotic pathways is a promising strategy to induce cancer cell death and improve sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Here the apoptotic pathways induced by apigenin in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide were identified within human leukaemia cell lines, such applications could provide combination therapies for the treatment of leukaemia.
One material, many possibilities via enrichment of luminescence in La2Zr2O7:Tb3+ nanophosphors for forensic stimuli aided applications
Authors: Lavanya D. R. , Darshan G. P. , Malleshappa J. , Premkumar H. B. , Sharma S. C. , Hariprasad S. A. , Nagabhushana H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEngineering a single material with multidirectional applications is crucial for improving productivity, low cost, flexibility, least power consumption, etc. To achieve these requirements, novel design structures and high-performance materials are in urgent need. Lanthanide-doped nanophosphors have the greatest strengths and ability in order to tune their applications in various dimensions. However, applications of nanophosphor in latent fingerprints visualization, anti-counterfeiting, and luminescent gels/films are still in their infancy. This study demonstrated a simple strategy to enhance the luminescence of Tb3+ (1–11 mol %) doped La2Zr2O7 nanophosphors by conjugating various fluxes via a simple solution combustion route. The photoluminescence emission spectra reveal intense peaks at ~ 491, 546, 587, and 622 nm, which arises from 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The highest emission intensity was achieved in the NH4Cl flux assisted nanophosphor as compared to NaBr and NH4F assisted samples. The colorimetric images of fingerprints visualized using the optimized nanophosphor on forensic related surfaces exhibit level –III ridge details, including sweat pores, the width of the ridges, bifurcation angle, and the successive distance between sweat pores, etc. These results are decisive parameters that clearly support the statement “no two persons have ever been found to have the same fingerprints”. The anti-counterfeiting security ink was formulated using optimized nanophosphor and various patterns were designed by simple screen printing and dip pen technologies. The encoded information was decrypted only under ultraviolet 254 nm light. All the designed patterns are exhibit not just what it looks/feel like and how better it works. As a synergetic contribution of enhanced luminescence of the prepared nanophosphor, the green-emissive films were fabricated, which display excellent flexibility, uniformity, and transparency in the normal and ultraviolet 254 nm light illumination. The aforementioned results revealed that the prepared NH4Cl flux-assisted La2Zr2O7: Tb3+(7 mol %) NPs are considered to be the best candidate for multi-dimensional applications.