bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on postoperative, neonatal and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes of UA‐AREDF during and after fetal spina bifida repair
Authors: Ruegg L. , Vonzun L. , Latal B. , Moehrlen U. , Mazzone L. , Meuli M. , Krähenmann F. , Ochsenbein‐Kölble N. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveAbsent or reversed end‐diastolic flow (AREDF) in the umbilical artery (UA) on Doppler is a known phenomenon during fetal interventions, such as fetal open spina bifida (OSB) repair. We aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of these Doppler findings by investigating the impact of UA‐AREDF on postoperative, neonatal and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective study of pregnancies undergoing fetal OSB repair at the Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy between 2010 and 2019. The group with UA‐AREDF during or immediately after the intervention was compared to the group with normal UA Doppler. Primary endpoint was the FIGO scores of cardiotocography (CTG) 1, 2 and 6 h postoperatively and on day 1 after surgery. Secondary endpoints were the neonatal parameters and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcome assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.ResultsData of 130 patients were analyzed. None of the fetuses had UA‐AREDF before OSB repair. Normal UA Doppler was observed in 107 (82%) patients and UA‐AREDF was observed in 23 (18%) during or immediately after OSB surgery. UA‐AREDF was more often observed after version of the fetus (P = 0.045). Seventeen (13%) cases had absent end‐diastolic flow (UA‐AEDF) and six (5%) cases had reversed end‐diastolic flow (UA‐REDF). UA‐AREDF disappeared in all 23 cases within the first day after OSB surgery. One‐third of all CTGs were restricted in oscillation after surgery, but no significant difference in CTG 1, 2 and 6 h postoperatively or on the first postoperative day was found between the UA‐AREDF and normal‐Doppler groups (P > 0.05). Gestational age at delivery, UA pH, 5‐min Apgar score and birth weight were comparable between the two groups, and there was no difference in the 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcome (P > 0.05). The neonatal and 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes also did not differ significantly between the UA‐REDF and UA‐AEDF groups.ConclusionsPostoperative CTG abnormalities occur and recover at a similar rate in fetuses with transitory UA‐AREDF and those with normal Doppler during fetal OSB repair. UA‐AREDF during fetal OSB repair did not negatively influence postnatal or 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcomes. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Marginalization Through Mobility and Porosity: How Social Housing Dwellers See and Live the City
Authors: Capanema-Alvares Lucia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrban mobility in its broader meaning has become fundamental in neoliberal times, for it determines who gets what, how often, and at what cost. While motility is a component of mobility—together with connectivity and reversibility—defined by Kaufmann (2014) as a quality of the actor and/or of the dialectical relation between the self and the field of the possible, and accessibility concerns the structures necessary to take part in this possible, porosity is a quality of the territory and/or of the dialectical relation between space and society. The three of them inseparably carry the city dwellers’ possibilities of fulfilling their projects and wishes in the city territory. In order to start picturing how the society–space dialectic based on motility, accessibility, and porosity shapes daily social relations, especially where spatial justice is at stake, this study—part of the all-encompassing Action Research Project Mapping San Siro—surveyed 100 inhabitants of the Milanese neighbourhood. The resulting picture is a snapshot, a working scenario which helps bottom-up initiatives understand and focus on the most problematic, sometimes underlying aspects of marginality. While the quantitative results point to low-income inhabitants who work hard, use public transportation on an everyday basis, have few, if any, professional dreams, and feel reasonably welcome in a city they did not choose to live in, a number of qualitative results show that mobility (as a whole social phenomenon) problems can be deeper, not yet surfaced or voiced.
Peterbos: Living in the Park, Inhabiting the City
Authors: Viganò Paola , Plewinski Bertrand , Vanneste Guillaume , Willemet Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the urban issues underlying the design experience in the Peterbos neighbourhood, Anderlecht, Brussels-Capital Region. It presents four themes, based on the living experiment of this urban project, which consists of a master plan for the renovation of public spaces (Studio Paola Viganò and vvv architecture urbanisme 2020). It starts with the critical perspective of a ‘project for the ground’. As an embodiment of modernity, collective living in high-rise buildings has made it possible to free up a large area of ground for use as a shared landscape. In Peterbos, this large ground has aged, deteriorated, and become disconnected from the city. Up until now, these characteristics have made Peterbos a place where all the ‘misery in the world’ (Bourdieu, La misère du Monde. Seuil, 1993) has been concentrated. A long transformation process is now underway: the renovation of housing and public spaces proposes new living conditions and a new image for the district. However, there are still questions about the appropriateness of such an investment in the absence of a radical rediscussing of what makes Peterbos an enclave for the poorest. Our analysis starts with the ground of Peterbos and its relationship with water flows, biodiversity, and the rest of the city. The modern project focuses on the liberation of the public ground. We see the Peterbos project as an opportunity for critical reinterpretation. Second, we reconsider the district’s position in the city and the need to reverse feelings inside and outside, aiming to renew relations with the metropolis. Third, a broader understanding of the environment is necessary in order to take part in an ecological transition. The notion of diversity and mixed-use as a fertile framework for emancipation and individual initiative is then discussed. Finally, in the conclusions, having explored the progetto di suolo as a manifold agent and pushed it to its limits, we conclude by examining the ‘stone guest’. Indeed, urbanism and investment in urban renewal do not represent an autonomous and self-responsible solution to the social and urban challenges society is currently facing. The design of public space represents a wide, but also a narrow, space for manoeuvre. When structural changes are implied, they do not tackle the basis of inequality concentrated at this site, linked to decisions made in the past that do not show the expected results. Interaction with economic policies is still too weak. We choose to use clear but sometimes burdensome vocabulary to discuss these spatial and social matters, not escaping the difficulty of the topic. All the same, urban and landscape designers have a responsibility and the possibility to assert the original meaning of politics as the organization of public life in the city, more broadly addressing actions in space and measures to reduce inequality and restore the dignity of the people who live there.
Governing with Urban Living Labs
Authors: Wachter Serge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin the European Union, Urban Living Labs now figure prominently in the urban governance toolbox. On the local stage, they are seen as auxiliaries that encourage citizen participation with a view to co-constructing policies designed to improve the quality of housing and the built environment. Their versatility is remarkable, and they are used both to boost new approaches to planning, such as tactical urbanism, and to renew the regeneration policies of large social housing areas. This text is the result of the SoHoLab research project and aims to provide a critical analysis of the roles and functions of Urban Living Labs as support tools for planning policies. Based on a review of the specialized literature and the work and experiments carried out within the framework of SoHoLab, it proposes an approach that strives to analyse ULLs as components of a new model of urban governance. From a critical perspective, it formulates the hypothesis that ULLs are not only tools of power aimed at promoting the empowerment of residents but also seeking to improve the legitimacy of planning policies and to impose a model of domination and forms of social control in accordance with the requirements of neoliberal city regulation.
Beyond the Presence: Dwelling with People and with Their Places
Authors: Fava Ferdinando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe author intends to indicate some epistemological and political nodes of ‘being there’ at the centre of ULLs, in different forms as implied by the SoHoLab project. At the root of the idea that urban sites can provide an arena of learning within which the co-creation of innovation can be pursued among research organisations, public institutions, the private sector and community actors, lies the possibility of establishing meaningful relationships as a medium to know these sites, construct social design, implement and govern local and national housing policies. In the light of the modus operandi of anthropological field research, on another way to ‘being there’, the author shows how ‘these meaningful social bonds’ to be epistemologically and politically relevant need to be coupled with a strong critical reflexivity able to deconstruct continuously the discursivities (of policies, of disciplinary as common and mainstreaming narratives) and practices of the ULL itself. A cognitive strabismus has to be developed to catch these place-based laboratories and contexts dependents, to make them ‘up close’, apprehend ‘from inside’ and ‘from below’. Analysis situ and analysis in situ are not disjointed: the third space of knowledge construction allows to join them and recognise the logics that govern these social bonds.
1,460 Days of Love and Hate: An Ethnographic Account of a Layered Job
Authors: Grassi Paolo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBuilding on four years of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the office of the Mapping San Siro action-research group (Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Polytechnic University of Milan) in one of the main social housing neighbourhoods of Milan, in this contribution I will investigate the role and meaning of the Urban Living Labs (ULL) from an ‘internal’ perspective. An ongoing process of building relationships and caring for a space has allowed me to develop a reflection on multifaceted dimensions of daily life in the neighbourhood. Moreover, through anthropological literature, I will critically analyse the frustrations often experienced by researchers involved in fieldwork and planning. These frustrations highlight issues that go beyond the neighbourhood, showing the territorial dimension of the space. I will then highlight some ethical implications as clues that offer a more grounded understanding of daily life, rather than solving those implications with ready-made answers.
Twisted Chiral Algebras of Class $${\mathcal {S}}$$ and Mixed Feigin–Frenkel Gluing
Authors: Beem Christopher , Nair Sujay 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe correspondence between four-dimensional $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

superconformal field theories and vertex operator algebras, when applied to theories of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, leads to a rich family of VOAs that have been given the monicker chiral algebras of class$${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
. A remarkably uniform construction of these vertex operator algebras has been put forward by Tomoyuki Arakawa in Arakawa (Chiral algebras of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
and Moore–Tachikawa symplectic varieties, 2018. arXiv:1811.01577 [math.RT]). The construction of Arakawa (2018) takes as input a choice of simple Lie algebra $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
, and applies equally well regardless of whether $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
is simply laced or not. In the non-simply laced case, however, the resulting VOAs do not correspond in any clear way to known four-dimensional theories. On the other hand, the standard realisation of class $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$
S
theories involving non-simply laced symmetry algebras requires the inclusion of outer automorphism twist lines, and this requires a further development of the approach of Arakawa (2018). In this paper, we give an account of those further developments and propose definitions of most chiral algebras of class $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$
S
with outer automorphism twist lines. We show that our definition passes some consistency checks and point out some important open problems.
Evaluation of the costs of agricultural diffuse water pollution abatement in the context of Lithuania’s water protection goals and climate change
Authors: Plunge Svajunas , Gudas Mindaugas , Povilaitis Arvydas , Piniewski Mikołaj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating the scale and costs of an environmentally and economically optimal set of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for agricultural pollution abatement in Lithuania in order to reach water protection goals in both inland and marine waters by distributing BMPs optimally in space, while taking climate change impacts into consideration. The assessment of BMPs impact involved the use of the SWAT model by applying two climate change representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and two time horizons (mid-century and end-century), as well as five BMPs (arable land conversion to grasslands, reduced fertilization, no-till farming, catch-crops, and stubble fields throughout winter). The optimization of the set of BMPs employed a genetic algorithm. The results suggest that the need for BMPs application will increase from 52% of agricultural areas in the historical period up to 65% by the end of century in the RCP8.5 scenario. This means less arable land could actually be used for crop production in the future if water protection targets are met. The high costs for reaching water targets would rise even more, i.e. by 173% for RCP4.5, and by 220% for the RCP8.5 scenario, reaching approximately 200 million euros/year. In such a context, the BMP optimization approach is essential for significant reduction of the costs. Winter cover crops and reduced fertilization show the best effectiveness and cost balance, and will therefore be essential in pursuing water protection targets.
Ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma: a real-world retrospective multi-center analysis of 77 patients treated in the Czech Republic
Authors: Obr Ales , Benesova Katerina , Janikova Andrea , Mocikova Heidi , Belada David , Hruskova Andrea , Vockova Petra , Salek David , Sykorova Alice , Furst Tomas , Malarikova Diana , Papajik Tomas , Trneny Marek , Klener Pavel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIbrutinib revolutionized therapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Real-world data on the outcome of unselected patients are still limited. We analyzed 77 R/R MCL patients receiving ibrutinib with at least one prior systemic anti-lymphoma therapy. After a median follow-up of 14.0 months, 56 patients relapsed/progressed, and 45 died. The overall response rate was 66%, with 31% of complete metabolic remissions on PET/CT. The median progression-free and overall survival (OS) rates were 10.3 and 23.1 months, respectively. The median OS from ibrutinib failure was 3.7 months. High proliferation rate by Ki67 (≥ 30%) and two or more previous therapy lines both negatively correlated with outcome (HR = 2.2, p = 0.04, and HR = 2.06, p = 0.08, respectively). Female gender borderline correlated with better outcome (HR = 0.53, p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, Ki67 and response to ibrutinib both correlated with OS (p < 0.05). Importantly, ibrutinib appeared to better control nodal and extranodal lymphoma than bone marrow (BM) involvement. From 20 patients with detectable BM infiltration (before ibrutinib initiation) achieving complete (n = 13) or partial (n = 7) metabolic remission, none achieved remission in BM. We confirmed good efficacy of ibrutinib in unselected heavily pre-treated MCL patients. Our findings support the use of a combination of ibrutinib and rituximab in patients with BM involvement.
Impact of adding vanadium pentoxide to Mn-doped magnetite for technological uses
Authors: Ramadan Rania , Ahmed M. K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanocomposites containing different contributions of vanadium oxide (V2O5) and magnetite (Fe3O4) modified with manganese (Mn) ions were fabricated upon the formula of xMn0.4Fe2.6O4/(1-x)V2O5, whereas x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. The obtained compositions were characterized upon their structure, morphology, besides their magnetic susceptibility. The TEM micrographs depicted that V2O5 was formed as rod shapes with diameters of 20–30 nm and length of 450 nm, while Mn–magnetite was configured in ellipsoidal shapes with dimensions 25–40 nm. Moreover, the Maximum height of the roughness(Rt) changed from 507.0 to 220.6 nm, while the skewness (Rsk) increased from 0.104 to 0.122 for (x = 0.2, and x = 1.0), respectively. Furthermore, Curie Weiss constant (θ) increased from 830 to 890 K and then decreased to 520 K, for x = 0.2, 0.5, and x = 1.0, respectively. The photo-activated antibacterial activity was examined and showed that the inhibition zone increased significantly by increasing the V2O5 content as well as it increased also from dark to light conditions. It was changed from 17.4 ± 1.1 and 16.9 ± 1.3 mm to 19.2 ± 1.4 and 18.9 ± 1.5 mm for pure V2O5 (x=0.0) against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) was tested, and the efficiency of removal reached around 97.1% for the highest contribution of V2O5 after 35 min of visible light exposure. Hence, the fabricated nanocomposites can be suggested for a deep investigation to be highlighted for disinfection and water treatment applications.
Are there differences in revision stapes surgery outcomes between university and county clinics? A study from the quality register for otosclerosis surgery in Sweden
Authors: Pauli Nina , Finizia Caterina , Lundman Lars , Björsne Andreas , Dahlin-Redfors Ylva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate hearing outcomes in stapes revision surgery with regard to the type of clinic (university clinic or county clinic). Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the risk of complications with a focus on tinnitus, hearing deterioration, and taste disturbance 1 year after surgery.MethodsThe study is based on data from the Swedish Quality Register for Otosclerosis Surgery (SQOS). Two study protocols were completed by the surgeon, and a questionnaire was distributed to the patients 1 year after surgery. A total of 156 revisions were available for analysis with both preoperative and postoperative audiometry data.ResultsSeventy-five percent of the patients reported better to much better hearing 1 year after revision surgery. An air bone gap ≤ 20 dB postoperatively was seen in 77% of the patients. Four percent had hearing deterioration ≥ 20 dB PTA4AC. Eleven percent had worsened or newly developed tinnitus, 5% had taste disturbance, and 3% had dizziness 1 year after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative hearing did not differ between patients operated on in university vs. county clinics.ConclusionsRevision surgery in otosclerosis is a challenge for otologists, but no differences in hearing outcomes between university and county clinics were found in this nationwide study. The risk of hearing deterioration and deafness is higher than in primary stapes surgery, and revision surgery should be recommended primarily in cases with a large air–bone gap and moderate to severe preoperative hearing loss.
Growth of the upper crust in intra-oceanic island arcs by intrusion of basaltic magmas: the case of the Koloula Igneous Complex, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (SW Pacific)
Authors: Sotiriou Paul , Haase Karsten M. , Schneider Kathrin P. , Grosche Anna , Noebel Kristina , Chivas Allan R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Pleistocene (2.2–1.5 Ma) Koloula Igneous Complex (KIC) on Guadalcanal in the Solomon island arc consists of a low-K calc-alkaline sequence of ultramafic to felsic plutonic rocks. We present whole-rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd-Pb isotope data, as well as mineral compositions that record the magmatic evolution of the complex. The intrusive sequence is grouped into two cycles, Cycle 1 and 2, comprising gabbroic or dioritic to granodioritic rocks. The major and trace element data of each cycle forms a single calc-alkaline fractional crystallisation trend. The distinct radiogenic isotope and incompatible element compositions of the Cycle 1 and 2 intrusions imply slightly different mantle sources. The KIC formed by shallow (0.1 GPa) fractional crystallisation of mantle-derived Al-rich basaltic parental magmas (6–8 wt.% MgO) that were formed by deeper-level (0.7 GPa) fractionation of olivine and pyroxene from Mg-rich (~ 11 wt.% MgO) primary magmas in the Solomon intra-oceanic island arc. Olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, apatite, and Fe–Ti oxides fractionated from the KIC’s high-Al basaltic parental magmas to form calc-alkaline magmas. Liquid line of descent trends calculated using mass balance calculations closely match major element trends observed in the KIC data. The KIC crystallised at shallow, upper crustal depths of ~ 2.0–3.0 km in ~ 20 km-thick island arc crust. This complex is typical of other Cenozoic calc-alkaline ultramafic to felsic plutons in Pacific intra-oceanic island arcs in terms of field relationships, petrology, mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry. Hornblende fractionation played a significant role in the formation of the calc-alkaline felsic plutonic rocks in these Cenozoic arc plutons, causing an enrichment of SiO2 and light rare earth elements. These plutons represent the fossil magma systems of arc volcanoes; thus, the upper arc crust is probably generated by migration of magmatic centres.
Difference rewards policy gradients
Authors: Castellini Jacopo , Devlin Sam , Oliehoek Frans A. , Savani Rahul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolicy gradient methods have become one of the most popular classes of algorithms for multi-agent reinforcement learning. A key challenge, however, that is not addressed by many of these methods is multi-agent credit assignment: assessing an agent’s contribution to the overall performance, which is crucial for learning good policies. We propose a novel algorithm called Dr.Reinforce that explicitly tackles this by combining difference rewards with policy gradients to allow for learning decentralized policies when the reward function is known. By differencing the reward function directly, Dr.Reinforce avoids difficulties associated with learning the Q-function as done by counterfactual multi-agent policy gradients (COMA), a state-of-the-art difference rewards method. For applications where the reward function is unknown, we show the effectiveness of a version of Dr.Reinforce that learns an additional reward network that is used to estimate the difference rewards.