bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal recognition and classification of gene transfer agents as viriforms
Authors: Kogay Roman , Koppenhöfer Sonja , Beatty J Thomas , Kuhn Jens H , Lang Andrew S , Zhaxybayeva Olga 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Morphological and genetic features strongly suggest that gene transfer agents (GTAs) are caudoviricete-derived entities that have evolved in concert with cellular genomes to such a degree that they should not be considered viruses. Indeed, GTA particles resemble caudoviricete virions, but, in contrast to caudoviricetes (or any viruses), GTAs can encapsidate at best only part of their own genomes, are induced solely in small subpopulations of prokaryotic host cells, and are transmitted vertically as part of cellular genomes during replication and division. Therefore, the lifecycles of GTAs are analogous to virus-derived entities found in the parasitoid wasps, which have recently been recognized as non-virus entities and therefore reclassified as viriforms. We evaluated three distinct, independently exapted GTA groups, for which the genetic basis for GTA particle production has been established. Based on the evidence, we outline a classification scheme for these viriforms.
Capnocytophaga sputigena Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Child, When to Suspect? A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Larragoity González Erika Aidé , Pérez Cavazos Samantha , Tobías Ávila Griselda del Carmen , Rodríguez Saldívar María Mayela , Vaquera Aparicio Denisse Natalie , Castillo Bejarano José Iván , Mascareñas de los Santos Abiel 
Published: October 2022

Background
Within febrile neutropenic episodes, bacteremia is the most frequent cause. Capnocytophaga species bacteremia represents less than 3% of all etiologies, being an uncommon agent. Only a few pediatric cases have been reported in the literature.

Case Presentation
A 6-year-old male patient was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a bone marrow relapse. He was admitted to our institution with an episode of febrile neutropenia with grade II mucositis. A nonhemolytic gram-negative rod was isolated from a blood culture, with gray colonies in blood agar at 48 hours of incubation. Capnocytophaga sputigena was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and time of flight. The patient was successfully treated with imipenem-cilastatin for 10 days.

Conclusions
Although this pathogen is uncommon, Capnocytophaga species bacteremia should be suspected as a causal agent in immunocompromised patients, particularly in cases of febrile neutropenia with oral cavity involvement.
A Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Test–Based, Conditional Release-to-Work Policy for Health Care Personnel With Symptoms Consistent With COVID-19
Authors: Jacobson Mark A. , Hart Colin , Huen Will , Suarez Guardado Griselda , Villanueva Allyson , Whitman Jeffrey , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Most health care personnel (HCP) reporting symptoms consistent with COVID-19 illness are assessed by high-accuracy SARS-CoV-2 assays performed in clinical laboratories, but the results of such assays typically are not available until the following day.

Methods
This is an observational study over 16 weeks of a rapid nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) performed at point of contact. The benchmark for comparison was a simultaneously obtained specimen assayed by a routine NAAT assay performed in a clinical laboratory.

Results
There were 577 paired rapid and routine NAAT results. Rapid test positive predictive value was 90.0% (95% confidence interval = 88.8%–91.2%), and negative predictive value was 95.2% (95% confidence interval = 93.5%–96.9%). The rapid test avoided an estimated 160 to 184 lost work shifts over 4 months.

Conclusions
A rapid NAAT test–based strategy proved effective in safely clearing symptomatic employees without infection for earlier return to work.
Job Automation and Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Middle and Low-Income US Adults
Authors: Tsai Jack , Umucu Emre , Fish Kaylee 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study examined job automation and concerns about job automation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data from a national sample of 6607 middle- and low-income US adults in May to June 2020 were analyzed.

Results
Among recently employed participants, 19.1% reported partial or complete job automation during the pandemic. Male sex, racial/ethnic minorities, students, higher education, full-time employment, and any history of psychiatric disorder were associated with job automation. In the total sample, 57.5% had concerns about job automation, which were associated with younger age, male, racial/ethnic minorities, students, veterans, more minors in the household, Northeast residence, any history of psychiatric diagnosis, COVID-19 infection, and any recent job changes.

Conclusions
Job automation is impacting the lives of middle- and low-income US adults, and particular groups are vulnerable to ongoing changes in the nature of work.
Segmentation of Vestibular Schwannomas on Postoperative Gadolinium-Enhanced T1-Weighted and Noncontrast T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning
Authors: Yao Peter , Shavit Sagit Stern , Shin James , Selesnick Samuel , Phillips C. Douglas , Strauss Sara B. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Surveillance of postoperative vestibular schwannomas currently relies on manual segmentation and measurement of the tumor by content experts, which is both labor intensive and time consuming. We aimed to develop and validate deep learning models for automatic segmentation of postoperative vestibular schwannomas on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (GdT1WI) and noncontrast high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (HRT2WI).

Study Design
A supervised machine learning approach using a U-Net model was applied to segment magnetic resonance imaging images into pixels representing vestibular schwannoma and background pixels.

Setting
Tertiary care hospital.

Patients
Our retrospective data set consisted of 122 GdT1WI and 122 HRT2WI studies in 82 postoperative adult patients with a vestibular schwannoma treated with subtotal surgical resection between September 1, 2007, and April 17, 2018. Forty-nine percent of our cohort was female, the mean age at the time of surgery was 49.8 years, and the median time from surgery to follow-up scan was 2.26 years.

Intervention(s)
N/A.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Tumor areas were manually segmented in axial images and used as ground truth for training and evaluation of the model. We measured the Dice score of the predicted segmentation results in comparison to manual segmentations from experts to assess the model's accuracy.

Results
The GdT1WI model achieved a Dice score of 0.89, and the HRT2WI model achieved a Dice score of 0.85.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that postoperative vestibular schwannomas can be accurately segmented on GdT1WI and HRT2WI without human intervention using deep learning. This artificial intelligence technology has the potential to improve the postoperative surveillance and management of patients with vestibular schwannomas.
Comparison of an Implantable Middle Ear Microphone and Conventional External Microphone for Cochlear Implants: A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Craddock Louise C. , Hodson James , Gosling Amy , Cooper Stacey , Morse Robert P. , Begg Philip , Prokopiou Andreas , Irving Richard M. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
All commercially available cochlear implant (CI) systems use an external microphone and sound processor; however, external equipment carries lifestyle limitations. Although totally implantable devices using subcutaneous microphones have been developed, these are compromised by problems with soft tissue sound attenuation, feedback, and intrusive body noise. This in vivo pilot study evaluates a middle ear microphone (MEM) that aims to overcome these issues and compares hearing performance with that of an external CI microphone.

Design
Six adult participants with an existing CI were implanted with a temporary MEM in the contralateral ear. Signals from the MEM were routed via a percutaneous plug and cable to the CI sound processor. Testing was performed in the CI microphone and MEM conditions using a range of audiometric assessments, which were repeated across four visits.

Results
Performance of the MEM did not differ significantly from that of the CI on the assessments of Auditory Speech Sounds Evaluation loudness scaling at either 250 or 1000 Hz, or in the accuracy of repeating keywords presented at 70 dB. However, the MEM had significantly poorer aided sound-field thresholds, particularly at higher frequencies (≥4000 Hz), and significantly poorer performance on Arthur Boothroyd words presented at 55 dB, compared with the CI.

Conclusion
In this pilot study, the MEM showed comparable performance to that of an external CI microphone across some audiometric assessments. However, performance with the MEM was poorer than the CI in soft-level speech (55 dB) and at higher frequencies. As such, the benefits of MEM need to be considered against the compromises in hearing performance. However, with future development, MEM is a potentially promising technology.
Use of a Novel Clinical Decision-Making Tool in Vestibular Schwannoma Treatment
Authors: La Monte Olivia A. , Moshtaghi Omid , Tang Edison , Du Eric Y. , Swisher Austin R. , Dixon Peter R. , Nemati Shamim , Djalilian Hamid R. , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To determine the usefulness of a personalized tool and its effect on the decision-making process for those with vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design
Prospective study.

Setting
Single institution, academic tertiary care lateral skull base surgery program.

Patients
Patients diagnosed with VS.

Interventions
A comprehensive clinical decision support (CDS) tool was constructed from a previously published retrospective patient-reported data obtained from members of the Acoustic Neuroma Association from January to March 2017. Demographic, tumor, and treatment modality data, including associated side effects, were collected for 775 patients and integrated in an interactive and personalized web-based tool.

Main Outcome Measures
Pre- and posttool questionnaires assessing the process of deciding treatment for VS using a decisional conflict scale (DCS) and satisfaction with decision (SWD) scale were compared.

Results
A pilot study of 33 patients evaluated at a single institution tertiary care center with mean ± SD age of 63.9 ± 13.5 years and with average tumor size of 7.11 ± 4.75 mm were surveyed. CDS implementation resulted in a mean ± SD total DCS score decrease from 43.6 ± 15.5 to 37.6 ± 16.4 (p < 0.01) and total SWD score increase from 82.8 ± 16.1 to 86.2 ± 14.4 (p = 0.04), indicating a significant decrease in decisional conflict and increase in satisfaction.

Conclusions
Implementing a decision-making tool after diagnosis of VS reduced decisional conflict and improved satisfaction with decision. Patients considered the tool to be an aid to their medical knowledge, further improving their comfort and understanding of their treatment options. These findings provide a basis for developing predictive tools that will assist patients in making informed medical decisions in the future.
Povidone-Iodine Fails to Eradicate Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Demonstrates Ototoxic Risk in Mice
Authors: Kaufman Adam C. , Bacacao Brian S. , Berkay Betul , Sharma Devesh , Mishra Anupam , O'Toole George A. , Saunders James E. , Xia Anping , Bekale Laurent A. , Santa Maria Peter L. 
Published: October 2022

Hypothesis
Commercially available povidone-iodine solution can eliminate biofilms and persister cells rapidly in in vivo achievable concentrations without inducing ototoxicity.

Background
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a substantial global problem. Current treatment options often induce a temporary remission without leading to a permanent cessation of symptoms secondary to the treatments' inability to eliminate persister cells. Povidone-iodine has been shown to be able to clear biofilm and planktonic cells in in vitro assays, but there are reports of ototoxic effects limiting its clinical utility.

Methods
Bacterial and biofilm growth with quantification by spectrophotomer, murine auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, immunohistochemistry, in vivo povidone-iodine treatment of murine CSOM, persister cell assay.

Results
Commercially available 10% povidone-iodine solution is able to completely eradicate multiple clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro with 10 minutes of exposure. Mice that have received a transtympanic injection of 1% povidone-iodine solution did not have significantly different auditory brainstem response or distortion product otoacoustic emission results compared with the control. Mice that received a povidone-iodine scrub or 10% povidone-iodine solution had significantly worsened hearing (25- and 13-dB increase in threshold, respectively; p < 0.05). In vivo CSOM infection recurred in all mice after the completion of treatment with 10% povidone-iodine solution, and there was no improvement in the bacterial load after treatment, indicating in vivo failure of therapy.

Conclusion
Povidone-iodine solution is effective at eliminating biofilm and persister cells in vitro at in vivo achievable concentrations but fails in vivo most likely because of kinetics of distribution in vivo. Even if drug distribution could be improved, the therapeutic window is likely to be too small given that the diluted solution does not have ototoxic potential, whereas while the scrub variant, which contains detergents, and the undiluted solution are ototoxic after a single treatment.
Comparing Patient Satisfaction After Upfront Treatment Versus Wait-and-Scan for Small Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Lohse Christine M. , Tombers Nicole M. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Management of small vestibular schwannoma (VS) remains controversial, as patients are typically candidates for all three management options including microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, or wait-and-scan. This study compares patient satisfaction across treatment modalities in patients with small VS.

Study Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Survey distributed to members of the Acoustic Neuroma Association and Mayo Clinic patients.

Methods
Patients with small (<1 cm in any location) sporadic VS who completed at least one survey regarding treatment history and patient satisfaction were included.

Results
Among 346 patients with small VS, 106 (31%) underwent microsurgery, 78 (23%) radiosurgery, 152 (44%) wait-and-scan, and 10 (3%) multimodal treatment. Collectively, 307 (89%) patients indicated “Yes, I am happy with my treatment type and in hindsight I would not change anything,” and 39 (11%) indicated “No, in hindsight I would have chosen a different treatment type.” Satisfaction differed significantly by treatment group with 85, 86, 96, and 40% of patients in the microsurgery, radiosurgery, wait-and-scan, and multimodal groups reporting that they were satisfied with treatment, respectively (p < 0.001). Satisfaction also differed significantly among those undergoing upfront treatment with microsurgery or radiosurgery (81%), initial wait-and-scan followed by treatment (88%), and wait-and-scan only groups (96%; p = 0.001). Specifically, the wait-and-scan only group demonstrated greater satisfaction compared with the other two treatment strategies (p < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions
Patient satisfaction with the management of small VS is generally high. Management with wait-and-scan, even if treatment is eventually pursued, may offer higher patient satisfaction compared with upfront treatment.
The efficacy of Yiqi Huoxue method in treating coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA guideline
Authors: Zhang Miao , Sun Ming-Yue , Chen Qi-Ting , Xu Feng-Qin , Chen Zong-Zheng , Wei Wen-Bo , Wang Rui-Ting , Xu Gui-Peng , Yin Hui-Jun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the most common method in treating coronary artery disease (CAD), has a variety of side effects. Yiqi Huoxue therapy (YQHX) can effectively alleviate the symptoms of patients and reduce the side effects. However, a reliable and systematic assessment of the methodologies is not available.

Methods:
Seven electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of YQHX method for CAD after PCI. The quality assessment of the trials included was performed by employing the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results:
One thousand eight hundred sixty-eight patients from 23 randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The aggregated results showed that the experimental group got better effect in increasing ORR, TCMSRR, ECG, HDL-C, and in lowering the level of CRP, TC, and MACE in comparison with the control group.

Conclusion:
YQHX method is a valid complementary and alternative therapy in the management of CAD after PCI, and is an effective and safe therapy for CAD.
The Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on Lithuanian adolescent’s nonspecific low back pain, depending on the duration: Nonrandomized single-arm trial
Authors: Aukštikalnis Tomas , Sinkevičius Romualdas , Rašimaitė Odeta , Šidlauskienė Aurelija , Aukštikalnytė Aurelija Emilija , Dulskas Audrius , Jasiūnas Eugenijus , Raistenskis Juozas 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To determine pain and functional changes during comprehensive rehabilitation (CR) in adolescents with nonspecific low back pain (NLBP), and to determine the optimal CR duration.

Methods:
The study included 106 adolescents (39 boys [36.8%], 67 girls [63.2%]), 14 to17 years old, with the following inclusion criteria: duration of NLBP for at least 12 weeks; conservative NLBP treatment was effectless; pain intensity using the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) ≤ 7 points; disrupted daily activities; ability to understand and answer the questions; written consent to participate voluntarily in the study. The pain was assessed using the VAS scale, functional changes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-Item Short Form Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and physical functional capacity and proprioception (Proprio) were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The participants performed a comprehensive pain rehabilitation program consisting of physiotherapy, TENS, magnetotherapy, lumbar massage, and relaxing vibroacoustic therapy. The active CR cycle lasted for 22 sessions (with intermediate measurements after 5 and 16 sessions), after which we performed passive observation for another half a year. Five measurements were performed.

Results:
Pain, functional assessment, and physical capacity were improved with CR. Statistically significant improvement became apparent after 5 CR sessions, but statistical and clinical significance became apparent after 16 CR sessions. In the distant period, after the completion of CR, neither statistical nor clinical changes occurred.

Conclusions:
CR is effective in reducing pain, and improving functional state and physical capacity quickly and reliably in 16 CR sessions, which is sufficient to obtain clinically satisfactory CR results. Good results were achieved during CR and neither improved nor deteriorated spontaneously in the distant period. This study shows a possible mismatch between NLBP intensity and impaired functional state in adolescents.
Recurrent pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a patient with Sjögren syndrome: A case report
Authors: Shin Yoon Mi , Kim Yook , Yang Jiyoul , Yang Bumhee , Choi In Ah , Lee Ki Man 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Pulmonary manifestations of Sjögren syndrome (SS) are variable and may involve the airway or lung parenchyma and increase the risk of vascular and malignant disease. However, to date, only one case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has been reported in a patient with SS. Here, we report a rare case of recurrent pulmonary AVMs with aggravating multiple cysts in a patient with SS during a period of 14 years.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old woman was diagnosed with SS and pulmonary AVM in the right lung. Her AVMs were embolized successfully and she was followed up annually for 14 years. Eleven years after the initial treatment, her chest computed tomography showed new pulmonary AVMs in the left lung with aggravating multiple cysts.

Diagnosis:
We diagnosed her with SS according to the American–European consensus group criteria of 2010. Chest computed tomography and angiographic findings confirmed the recurrence of pulmonary AVMs.

Interventions:
The patient’s recurrent pulmonary AVMs were successfully treated by embolization.

Outcomes:
Although her multiple cystic lung lesions had been aggravating during 14 years, she received embolization for the pulmonary AVMs twice and developed no complication related to these procedures. Currently, the patient is 56 years old and still alive with good performance state.

Lessons:
To date, only one case of pulmonary AVM has been reported in a patient with SS. The patient died 2.5 years after the diagnosis without recurrence of AVM. Here, we present a rare case of recurrent pulmonary AVMs associated with aggravating multiple cysts in both lungs, which were observed during long-term follow-up, in a patient with SS.
Suspected adverse events following immunization against SARS-CoV2 in a university hospital in 2021: Observational study
Authors: Rodríguez Dolores , Ordoñez Pilar , Llop Roser , Videla Sebastián , Otero Aurema , Carnaval Thiago , Poltorak Violeta , Moya-Guerola Miguel , Masuet-Aumatell Cristina , Rodriguez Soledad , Hereu Pilar 
Published: October 2022

Aim:
Vaccination against SARS-CoV2 has been proposed as a fundamental element for the control of the pandemic. This study aimed to describe the suspected adverse reactions (ADR) reported by vaccinated hospital workers.

Methods:
A descriptive study of suspected ADR was conducted between January and March 2021. The suspected ADR were identified using a specifically designed electronic form and spontaneous reporting. Data were also collected regarding the characteristics of the professionals, vaccine administered, severity, and outcome of ADR.

Results:
8169 professionals received 2 doses of SARS-CoV2 vaccine (6672 Comirnaty® and 1497 Spikevax®) and 894 reports of suspected ADR were reported (762 for Comirnaty® and 132 for Spikevax®), resulting in a cumulative ADR incidence of 10.94% (95%CI: 10.27-11.62). The majority of ADR were reported only after the second dose, 497 (56.2%), while 211 (23.6%) were reported only after the first dose and 186 (21%) after both doses. The symptoms were mostly mild, did not require medical assistance, and disappeared within approximately 3 days. One hundred and seventeen professionals had a history of COVID-19 infection. These studies reported, statistically significant, more suspected ADR after the first dose (42.7%) than those with no history of COVID-19 (20.7%). Among professionals, more ADR occurred after the first dose with the Spikevax® vaccine (41.6%) than with the Comirnaty® vaccine (20.5%).

Conclusion:
The majority of suspected ADR reported were described in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC). Professionals with a history of COVID-19 reported more suspected ADR after the first dose than did those without a history.