bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of incidental and total human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C seropositivity among patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Singh Hemendra , Gogate Parkshit , Bhushan Prashant , Singh M K , Srivastav Tanmay , Gogate Bageshri , Gaur Smriti 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viral seropositive among the patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in north India.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study done for 30 months duration. All the patients posted for cataract surgery underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation followed by routine hematological workup, including viral markers for HIV, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HCV. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20).

Results:
A total of 7,316 individuals underwent cataract surgery from Jan 2016 to August 2018, 4,073/7,316 (55.7%) were males. The prevalence for HIV was 58/7,316 (0.8%), HBsAg was 151/7,316 (2.1%), and HCV was 11/7,316 (0.1%); 28/58 (48.3%) HIV positives were unaware of their seropositivity till testing, as were 37/151 (24.5%) of HBsAg positives, and 4/11 (36.4%) HCV positives. There was a significant relationship between the mean age in the patients with HIV (P = 0.002) and anti-HCV (P = 0.045). A majority of the seropositive patients were found to be illiterate (45.6%), followed by educated up to high school level (29.1%), and graduate (25.0%).

Conclusion:
Viral seropositivity was significant among the patients posted for cataract surgery. The eye care providers could refer these patients for counseling and further management for the patient’s and their caretaker’s benefit.
Half Minimally Invasive Strabismus Surgery (MISS): A single para-muscular approach to horizontal muscle strabismus surgery
Authors: Parveen Attiya , Kauser Farnaz , Amitava Abadan K , Akhtar Naheed 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Minimally invasive surgeries are gaining popularity. We compared two different approaches to rectus muscles: namely the standard para limbal (SPL) and the single para-muscular (SPM).

Methods:
Thirty-six patients planned for monocular horizontal strabismus surgery were block randomized to SPL and SPM approach. SPM approach involved a single para-muscular 10-mm conjunctival incision levelled at the inferior border of rectus muscle. We compared the post-operative grades of redness, congestion, chemosis, foreign body sensation, and drop intolerance at day 1, 2 weeks, and 6–8 weeks; scar visibility and success rates at 6–8 weeks and operation duration in minutes. We compared the results using Mann–Whitney U-test for inflammatory grades, Fisher’s exact test for proportions, and t-test for parametric measures. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
On postoperative follow-up at any time point, no significant difference was found on comparing inflammatory grades, scar visibility, and success rates. In terms of duration, SPL approach was on an average 21.5 minutes quicker than SPM (P = <0.001).

Conclusion:
The SPM is comparable to the SPL approach in terms of postoperative comfort and appearance, but takes significantly longer to accomplish.
Clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis
Authors: Madaan Sushant , Magesan Kowsigan , Verma Aditya , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To describe the clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis (MSC).

Methods:
Clinical records of 16 eyes (14 patients) with MSC presenting to a tertiary eye care institute between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
Mean age of 14 patients presenting with MSC was 33 ± 13 yrs with 64% males and 36% females. Mean visual acuity of the eyes with MSC at presentation was 0.43 ± 0.46 (logMAR) improving to 0.16 ± 0.28 (logMAR) at final visit. Thirteen eyes (81.3%) had active lesion at presentation. Mantoux test was positive in seven patients (50%) and QuantiFERON TB gold test positive in 10 patients (71%). HRCT chest showed latent tuberculosis in seven patients (50%). All patients underwent multimodal imaging. All patients received oral steroids as treatment therapy; 11 patients also received immunosuppressives, nine patients received additional anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). Mean duration of follow-up for the patients was 18 ± 10 months. A total of eight (50%) eyes had recurrence of lesions after an average duration of 14 ± 14 (3-36) months and were restarted on the treatment as per the requirement. At final follow-up, all eyes showed a good response to treatment and had healed lesions. Comparing the final BCVA to the initial BCVA, 38% (n = 6) showed improvement, 56% (n = 9) remained stable, and 6% (n = 1) eyes worsened at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:
Clinical profile and presentation of MSC is similar to that of CSC, and combination treatment with intravenous methyl prednisolone (IVMP), steroids, immunosuppressives, and ATT can salvage vision. A high suspicion of associated tuberculosis in endemic regions should be kept in mind.
Eye bank versus surgeon prepared Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty tissues: Influence on adhesion force in a pilot study
Authors: Romano Vito , Parekh Mohit , Kazaili Ahmed , Steger Bernhard , Akhtar Riaz , Ferrari Stefano , Kaye Stephen B , Levis Hannah J 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the biomechanical properties of the eye bank-prepared and surgeon prepared Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) tissues.

Methods:
In this laboratory study, corneal tissues for research were randomly allocated in the following groups: a) surgeon-cut DSAEK and b) eye bank-prepared (pre-cut and pre-loaded) DSAEK. Endothelial cell loss (ECL), immunostaining for tight junction protein ZO-1, elastic modulus, and adhesion force were investigated.

Results:
ECL was not found to be significantly different between surgeon-cut DSAEK (7.8% ±6.5%), pre-cut DSAEK (8.6% ±2.3%), and pre-loaded DSAEK (11.1% ±4.8%) (P = 0.5910). ZO-1 was expressed equally across all groups. Surgeon-cut DSAEK grafts showed a significantly higher elastic modulus compared to pre-cut and pre-loaded DSAEK groups (P = 0.0047 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Adhesion force was significantly greater in the surgeon-cut DSAEK compared to pre-cut (P < 0.0001) or pre-loaded DSAEK groups (P = 0.0101).

Conclusion:
The laboratory data on the biomechanics of DSAEK grafts suggests that surgeon-cut DSAEK grafts present higher elastic modulus and adhesion force compared to eye bank-prepared DSAEK grafts.
Early changes in host and donor lenticule thickness after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Yien Bandana , Ghosh Arnav , Priyadarshini Smruti R , Sahu Srikant K , Padhy Debananda , Ali Mohammad Hasnat , Das Sujata 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the early changes in host and donor lenticule thickness after Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK).

Methods:
DSEK was performed on 32 eyes of 31 patients. Pre- and post- operative slit lamp examination and anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) was done on day-1, day-7, 1 month, and 3 months.

Results:
There were significant changes in host, lenticule, and total corneal thicknesses between day-1 and day-7, and day-7 and 1 month. There were significant changes in host thickness and total corneal thickness between 1 month and 3 months. Thickness changes were significant between day-1 and day-7, and 1 month and 3 months for thick and thin host, respectively, whereas these changes were observed both for thick and thin host between day-7 and 1 month. Similarly, significant changes were observed between day-7 and 1 month, and day-7 and 1 month in thin lenticule whereas in case of thick lenticule, it was observed till the 3 months follow-up period. There was a significant improvement in visual acuity till the 3 months follow-up period. No significant correlation was observed between visual acuity and host and lenticule thickness.

Conclusion:
The thicknesses of host and lenticule decrease continuously. Lenticule thickness stabilizes before host. Thinner cornea stabilizes earlier compared to thicker cornea.
Significance of non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related factors particularly in normal tension glaucoma: Looking beyond IOP
Authors: Dinakaran Shoruba , Mehta Parin , Mehta Rahul , Tilva Bhavin , Arora Devanshu , Tejwani Sushma 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with POAG and NTG. The secondary objective was to identify other contributory ischemic factors.

Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study from a tertiary eye hospital in patients who underwent full-day diurnal variation of tension (DVT). Blood pressure (BP) and IOP measurements were done every 3 h over 24 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP were calculated. The nocturnal dip in BP was assessed; patients were classified as non-dippers, dippers, and over-dippers. The circadian MOPP fluctuation (CMF) was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and its relationship with type and severity of visual field was assessed.

Results:
In total, 149 patients were evaluated; 109 were classified as NTG, and 40 were classified as POAG. A nocturnal dip in BP was noted in 20% of NTG and 17.5% of POAG. The MAP was found to be lower in patients with NTG than POAG. In the NTG subgroup, we found that 20% of patients were over-dippers, 32% were dippers, and 48% were non-dippers. The CMF showed a greater fluctuation for over-dippers (P = 0.004 for the RE and 0.003 for the LE) than dippers and non-dippers. A weak positive correlation of CMF with the severity of fields was found.

Conclusion:
A 24-h monitoring of IOP, BP, MOPP, and assessment of systemic risk factors for primary glaucoma acts as an invaluable tool for the comprehensive management of NTG despite the limitations posed by DVT and BP recording.
Digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery: A unique surgical teaching tool for beginners
Authors: Arthur Dhipak , Babu Kannan Naresh , Sen Sagnik , Ramasamy Kim 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To study the role of digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery (DAVS) as a learning and teaching tool compared to that of the standard binocular side-scope of the conventional analog microscope (CAM).

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care center and teaching institute in South India. Postgraduate residents and clinical fellows observed a predecided set of retinal surgical procedures using both DAVS and CAM. A detailed questionnaire was used to compare the participants’ subjective scoring of both the platforms in terms of level of comfort, clarity of image and stereopsis, level of understanding, and overall impression.

Results:
Thirty-six participants, including 20 residents and 16 fellows, took part in this study. DAVS obtained a higher score for all 15 questions compared to CAM and the differences were statistically significant. DAVS obtained a mean score of 4.80 (median: 5) whereas CAM obtained a mean score of 3.14 (median: 3) on a grading scale of 1–5 with regard to the overall experience of surgical viewing through either platform (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
DAVS is a better learning and teaching tool compared to the side scope of the CAM from a learner’s perspective. Thus, DAVS can help beginners in the field of vitreoretinal surgery obtain a better understanding of the surgical steps prior to the initiation of hands-on training.
Erroneous assumption of ocular hypertension in patients with elevated intraocular pressure
Authors: Rewri Parveen , Ali Wazid 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To determine the proportion of erroneously assumed ocular hypertension (OHT) among referred patients of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) seen in glaucoma clinic of a teaching hospital in Northern India.

Methods:
Retrospective review of case records of referred, diagnosed patients of OHT or unspecified glaucoma seen between January 2019 and March 2020. Using an algorithmic clinical approach, including gonioscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and pachymetry, underlying cause for elevated-IOP was amended and proportion of erroneously assumed OHT was calculated.

Results:
Of 276 patients diagnosed either as OHT or unspecified glaucoma before being seen at our glaucoma clinic, 44 (16%) had IOP within normal range (10–21 mmHg) on GAT. In 97 (35%) cases elevated-IOP was associated with angle closure. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was >550 μm in 39 (14%) patients with elevated-IOP. The proportion of erroneously assumed OHT was 70% in this study.

Conclusion:
The elevated-IOP does not imply with OHT unless evident through comprehensive clinical examination and appropriate investigations.
Assessment of stereopsis in pediatric and adolescent spectacle-corrected refractive error – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Elamurugan Vignesh , Shankaralingappa Pragathi , Aarthy G , Kasturi Nirupama , Babu Ramesh K 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To assess the level of stereopsis in school children with spectacle-corrected refractive errors using Titmus fly and Randot stereo tests, evaluate the factors associated with the level of stereopsis, and determine the level of agreement between the two tests.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 5- to 18-year-old school-children wearing spectacles for at least 1-month duration. Visual acuity was assessed using Snellen’s visual acuity chart, and their spectacle correction being used currently was measured using an auto lensmeter. The level of stereopsis was assessed using Randot and Titmus fly stereo tests. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 20, Chicago, IL. The associations between stereopsis and type of refractive error, visual acuity, age, and gender were analyzed. An agreement between Randot and Titmus fly test was done using Kappa statistics.

Results:
A total of 222 children (101 boys and 121 girls; mean age 13 years) were assessed. Astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive error (60.4%), followed by myopia (24.8%) and hypermetropia (1.4%). Thirty children (13.5%) had anisometropia. All hyperopes had normal stereopsis. Children with spherical myopia had better stereopsis, followed by astigmatism and anisometropia in the same order (P = 0.036). Children with anisometropia ≤1.5 D had better stereopsis than anisometropia more than 1.5 D. Stereopsis was also found to have no correlation with the age and visual acuity at the time of testing or the age at which the child first started wearing spectacles. Stereopsis values obtained from Randot and Titmus fly stereo tests showed moderate agreement with Kappa value 0.581.

Conclusion:
Anisometropia and astigmatism are the most critical factors determining the level of stereopsis in refractive errors.
Bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shah Jigna S. , Dubey Jaya , Rathva Yogesh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Aims and Objective:
To compare the bone invasion in orthopantomogram (OPG) and technetium 99 m bone scan in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:
Clinically and histopathologically proven 30 cases of OSCC were randomly selected. OPG and Tech 99m bone scan was carried out in all selected patients. The results were analyzed according to age, sex, and site of involvement. OPG findings and bone scanning uptake were also compared according to site, grade, and difference of uptake.

Results:
Group of patients which showed definite bone invasion in OSCC were positive in radionuclide uptake imaging while another group of patients which showed no changes in OPG had some patients which were positive on radionuclide uptake imaging while few were negative on both OPG and bone scanning.

Conclusion:
Combination of OPG and Tech 99m bone scan was more accurate in detecting bone invasion in OSCC than OPG and bone scan alone.
The impact of digital game addiction on musculoskeletal system of secondary school children
Authors: Cankurtaran F , Menevşe Ö , Namlı A , Kızıltoprak HŞ , Altay S , Duran M , Demir EB , Şahan AA , Ekşi C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The widespread use of digital devices causes adolescents to spend long periods of time in front of the screen.

Aims:
This study aimed to analyze the impacts of digital game addiction on the musculoskeletal system of secondary school children in Kayseri.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 1000 healthy children have been included. A questionnaire, which has been prepared by the researchers and questions children's socio-demographic knowledge, sport habits, durations of study, types of digital tools they use to play games, using positions and durations of use, has been applied to the children. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain intensity. Game addiction has been evaluated through Computer Game Addiction Scale for Children.

Results:
Between computer and phone use and neck pain, a significant correlation has been found (P < 0.05). Between game addiction and wrist, back and low back pain, a significant correlation has been detected. While males use more computer, tablet and are more addicted to games, the scores of head, wrist and back pain in females have been found out to be significantly high.

Conclusions:
As they cause musculoskeletal problems, the higher the time children consume in front of digital devices and the more they use it in wrong posture; the more the complaints about pain are.
Effect of Framework's Manufacturing Technique on Screw's Preload of Implant Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Alshehri H , Alotaibi H , Alshareef N , Alsenani N , Aljuma'ah L , Alshhrani Waled , Alsahhaf A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Implant supported prosthesis is a common treatment modality. Nowadays, new manufacturing techniques are available to fabricate them.

Aims:
To evaluate the effect of different manufacturing techniques of implant supported frameworks (ISF) on the preload of abutment's screws.

Materials and Methods:
A mandibular edentulous acrylic model with four dental implants temporarily stabilized in the interforaminal area was used. One ISF was fabricated using the conventional technique; implants were removed from the model and reassembled into the framework; this framework served as the passively fitting framework (PF). Three additional frameworks were constructed: conventional cast framework (CF), milled framework (MF) and 3D-printed framework (3D-PF). The gap between the frameworks and the neck of the implants were recorded in microns using a digital microscope. A tightening torque (TT) of 35 N·cm was applied to all the four abutments' screws and the screw's preload was recorded using two methods, by strain gauges (SGs) that were attached to the neck of each implant and fed into a stain book in microstrain (μ[Latin Small Letter Open E]) and by removal torque (RT) using a digital torque meter.

Results:
The frameworks' gap means from the lowest to the highest were PF, CF, 3D-PF, and MF. The RT was significantly lower than the TT in all frameworks (P ≤ 0.05). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the PF had the lowest RT, while the CF and the 3DPF both had the highest RT, and those differences were found to be statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.05). When preload of the frameworks was recorded by SGs, one-way ANOVA revealed that PF had the highest preload value, while both 3D-PF and MF had the lowest preload values, those differences were also found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
The fabrication of implant-supported frameworks using milling or selective laser melting computer aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technologies did not necessarily enhance the screw's preload. This lack of enhancement could be attributed to the great amount of marginal gap in the frameworks fabricated by both techniques.
Dentists' knowledge and practices about infective endocarditis antibiotics prophylaxis among children in aseer region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shati Ayed A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease endangering human lives. Therefore, several prophylactic measures are required to improve the protection of endocarditis-prone patients from bacteremia resulting from various dental actions. These measures range from developing the dental hygiene to trials of different antimicrobial agents.

Objectives:
To examine the knowledge and practices of dentists in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, regarding antibiotic prophylaxis against IE.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.

Patients and Methods:
The participants were interviewed at their workplaces and the data collection sheet was constructed based on the guidelines of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC, 2017).

Main Outcome Measures:
The examination of the data gathered was calculated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25) such as to test the significance of variation in dentists' mean knowledge scores as per their personal characteristics. An output with P values <0.05 was statistically significant.

Sample Size:
182 Dentists.

Results:
Dentists' mean knowledge score was 17.5 ± 3.7 (out of 24). The least correct responses regarding dental procedures that require prophylactic antibiotics were “root canal treatment” (30.8%). Regarding cardiac conditions that require prophylactic antibiotics, dentists' least correct responses were “heart failure” (50%). Dentists' mean knowledge scores differed significantly according to their age groups (P = 0.032), nationality (P = 0.002), education/qualification (P = 0.002). Mean knowledge scores differed significantly according to dentists' years of experience (P = 0.018) and sources of information (P < 0.001). Amoxicillin was the most regularly recommended antibiotic (90.7%), while 86.8% correctly stated 30--60 min. before the procedure as the time for prophylactic antibiotic administration.

Conclusions:
The knowledge of dentists in Aseer Region regarding the use of preventive drugs for the control and prevention of IE is suboptimal. The inclusion of the latest AHA guidelines into the dentistry curricula is highly recommended.

Limitations:
Outcome are simultaneously assessed.
Geologia, petrografia e geoquímica dos granitoides arqueanos de alto magnésio da região de Água Azul do Norte, porção sul do Domínio Carajás, Pará
Authors: Gabriel Eleilson Oliveira 
Published: February 2022

Os granitoides mesoarqueanos de alto Mg que afloram a nordeste de Água Azul do Norte ocorrem como dois corpos alongados na direção E-W. Correspondem a intrusões compostas por granodioritos e tonalitos porfiríticos miloníticos, com anfibólio, biotita e epidoto como principais minerais máficos. Geoquimicamente são caracterizados pelo fracionamento de CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, TiO2 e Al2O3, e aumento de K2O e da razão K2O/Na2O da fácies menos evoluída, com anfibólio, em direção à fácies mais evoluída, com biotita. Sr, Y, Zr, #Mg, Ni, Cr e Sr/Ba decrescem, enquanto que Rb, Ba e Rb/Sr aumentam no sentido das rochas mais diferenciadas. Os padrões de elementos terras raras (ETR) mostram importante fracionamento de elementos terras raras pesados (ETRP) com moderada razão LaN/YbN e anomalia de Eu ausente ou pouco expressiva. As rochas estudadas são predominantemente metaluminosas, com altos valores de #Mg, Cr e Ni, distintas geoquimicamente das séries cálcio-alcalinas de margens continentais ativas e de associações tonalito-trondhjemitogranodioritos (TTG) e leucogranodioritos arqueanos. As afinidades petrográficas e geoquímicas existentes entre as rochas estudadas e as principais ocorrências de granitoides de alto-Mg da Província Carajás sugerem que estas podem fazer parte de uma suíte magmática análoga, até então não identificada nesta parte da Província.