bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Aerobic Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketone: A Mild Method for the Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Lactones and Macrolactones
Authors: Liang Qi‐Ming , Zheng Jing‐Yun , Lu Si‐Yuan , Wang Hong‐Mei , Luo Lu , Zhang Xiang‐Zhi , Peng Jin‐Bao , Feng Na , Ma Ai‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn operationally simple protocol for the synthesis of medium‐sized lactones and macrolactones via an intramolecular ring expansion of cyclic ketones has been developed. Using this method, a series of 10‐ and 12‐membered lactones was synthesized under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that a radical pathway might be involved in this reaction.magnified image
Fabrication of Binder‐Free TiO2 Nanofibers@Carbon Cloth for Flexible and Ultra‐Stable Supercapacitor for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Rani Shalu , Kumar Nagesh , Sharma Yogesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor the realization of the miniaturized devices for flexible/wearable electronics systems in the current electronics industry; flexible, safe, and compatible energy storage devices are of great research interest. Herein, carbon cloth (CC) textile is coated by TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) through a safe and facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique for flexible/wearable supercapacitor (SC) application. The modified microstructure of the flexible and binder‐free electrode fabricated via EPD shows a high areal capacitance of 1651 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density. Moreover, the electrode shows the high cyclability with 100% capacitance retention after 15 000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 current density, presents the ultra‐high stability for the fabricated electrode. Further, a fully flexible symmetric SC device is fabricated utilizing the fabricated electrodes assembled with the gel electrolyte. The device delivers an areal capacitance of 468 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 current density with 97% capacitance retention after 30 000 successive cycles and 98% retention after 2000 bending cycles at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the SC device delivers the maximum areal energy density and areal power density of 0.14 mWh cm−2 and 3.6 mW cm−2, respectively.
Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene
Authors: Koner Abhishek , Morgenstern Bernd , Andrada Diego M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of aN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
Intracellular Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Detection and Imaging: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Gong Liang , Shan Xiuzhi , Xu Lin , Tang Li , Zhang Xiao‐Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisease signaling molecules and biomarkers are important in biosensing and biomedicine, and their ultra‐sensitive detection and imaging are critical in medical diagnosis. However, most biomarkers have low levels of expression in cells and are easily degraded; therefore, they cannot be accurately detected in real time by conventional amplification methods, which are typically confined to cell lysates. To achieve highly sensitive detection of intracellular low‐abundance molecules, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of in situ signal amplification techniques. This review tracks the development of recent advances in in situ signal amplification strategies, and systematically summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic amplification techniques for detecting and tracing intracellular targets. Further, perspectives, challenges, and opportunities for intracellular signal amplification are discussed to promote its adoption for in situ signal amplification in clinical settings and to provide new insights into signaling molecules and biomarkers in cellular functions and associated diseases.
Unintentional racial microaggressions and the social unconscious
Authors: McCann Malik , Tudor Keith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores the social unconscious as it is manifested through unintentional racial microaggressions. It is based on a heuristic self‐search inquiry conducted by the first author, as a result of a comment made in a class in a psychotherapy education/training program, which she subsequently examined further in a Master's dissertation, supervised by the second author. The article firstly elaborates a number of contexts, that is, the immediate context that provoked the research which forms the basis of this article; the broader social context of racism in Aotearoa New Zealand and the research context, namely heuristics. This is followed by two brief discussions of racial enactments and unconscious associations, which introduce the second part of the article in which the findings of the research are presented with regard to the social unconscious, specifically, unconscious racialization, racialized positioning, and dissociated racial self‐states.
A Risk Score to Detect Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Juge Pierre‐Antoine , Granger Benjamin , Debray Marie‐Pierre , Ebstein Esther , Louis‐Sidney Fabienne , Kedra Joanna , Doyle Tracy J. , Borie Raphaël , Constantin Arnaud , Combe Bernard , Flipo René‐Marc , Mariette Xavier , Vittecoq Olivier , Saraux Alain , Carvajal‐Alegria Guillermo , Sibilia Jean , Berenbaum Francis , Kannengiesser Caroline , Boileau Catherine , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Crestani Bruno , Fautrel Bruno , Dieudé Philippe 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePatients at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) would benefit from being identified before the onset of respiratory symptoms; this can be done by screening patients with the use of chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Our objective was to develop and validate a risk score for patients who have subclinical RA‐ILD.MethodsOur study included a discovery population and a replication population from 2 prospective RA cohorts (ESPOIR and TRANSLATE2, respectively) without pulmonary symptoms who had received chest HRCT scans. All patients were genotyped for MUC5B rs35705950. After multiple logistic regression, a risk score based on independent risk factors for subclinical RA‐ILD was developed in the discovery population and tested for validation in the replication population.ResultsThe discovery population included 163 patients with RA, and the replication population included 89 patients with RA. The prevalence of subclinical RA‐ILD was 19.0% and 16.9%, respectively. In the discovery population, independent risk factors for subclinical RA‐ILD were presence of the MUC5B rs35705950 T allele (odds ratio [OR] 3.74 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.37, 10.39]), male sex (OR 3.93 [95% CI 1.40, 11.39]), older age at RA onset (for each year, OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.04, 1.16]), and increased mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (for each unit, OR 2.03 [95% CI 1.24, 3.42]). We developed and validated a derived risk score with receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI 0.70–0.94) for the discovery population and 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.92) for the replication population. Excluding MUC5B rs35705950 from the model provided a lower goodness of fit (likelihood ratio test, P = 0.01).ConclusionWe developed and validated a risk score that could help identify patients at high risk of subclinical RA‐ILD. Our findings support an important contribution of MUC5B rs35705950 to subclinical RA‐ILD risk.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded into Nitrogen‐doped Graphene with Abundant Macropores as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐air Batteries
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Xinyu , Sun Tiantian , Li Yanwei , Lv Xiaoling , Li Yanhui , Wang Heng‐guo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrogen doped carbon materials containing transition metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. In this paper, the template etching method is used to obtain the nitrogen‐doped graphene with abundant macropores embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co@N−C). The prepared Co@NC‐800 catalyst has a half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.835 V) close to Pt/C and good stability in excess of Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). At the same time, the catalyst has good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. In addition, zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) based on the Co@NC‐800 catalyst show good cycle stability of up to 200000 s and high power density of 73.5 mW cm−2. The synergistic effect of the integrated component between nitrogen‐doped graphene and cobalt nanoparticles as well as the macroporous structure endow Co@NC‐800 with abundant exposed active sites and mass/electron transfer capacity, thus leading to the high electrocatalytic activity. This work shows potential for practical applications in electrochemistry.
Impact of aerosol concentration on elevation‐dependent warming pattern in the mountains of Nepal
Authors: Dhital Yam Prasad , Tang Jianwu , Pokharel Ashok Kumar , Tang Qiuhong , Rai Mukesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGreater warming rates in the mountain areas (higher elevations) compared to other parts of the world have drawn the attention of the scientific community in recent years. In this study, we first analyzed elevation‐dependent warming (EDW) patterns based on maximum temperature trends along the south–north temperature gradients of Nepal and then focused on influencing factors of EDW. Nonparametric statistical test was used to identify the warming trend (1970–2016) in each meteorological station along the altitude gradients. Furthermore, aerosol optical depth data was used to observe aerosol concentrations in different seasons across Nepal. Overall, the EDW trend was found positive on the mean annual and seasonal cycle in the study area. It was observed that there was more significant positive correlation of warming rates with altitude below the middle parts of the Lower Hills while a less pronounced correlation above it. This different behavior is attributed to high aerosol concentration on the lower part of this region.
3D‐printed PMMA implant for gingival smile treatment through the VISTA technique: A report of a new approach
Authors: de Castro Luiz F. , de Andrade Patrícia F. , Leite Gabriel G. , de Andrade Ana Júlia S. , Valentim Gustavo L. , de Souza Ernani T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA gingival display higher than 3 mm is considered a characteristic of a gingival smile (GS). Several etiological factors have been associated to GS and for this reason various treatments have been proposed according to its etiology. The aim of this study is to present a case with an alternative technique to treat GS with minimally invasive vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implants for lip repositioning.Methods and ResultsThe patient, a 25‐year‐old woman diagnosed with excessive gingival exposure, had previously done botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections and did not like the result. She had a major subnasal depression and the upper lip would lodge in there during spontaneous smile. She was informed about all options of treatment and agreed to a lip repositioning installing a customized PMMA implant.ConclusionThis is the first study to our knowledge to present a case with use of a PMMA implant associated with the VISTA approach for lip repositioning and gingival smile correction. The results are encouraging, and the patient was satisfied with results accomplished by this technique.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?

This is a new and innovative surgical approach for gingival smile with PMMA implants through a minimally invasive technique (VISTA).What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Well‐defined presurgical planning and the presence of the upper lip lodging in the subnasal depression during spontaneous smile.What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Cases with vertical maxillary excess and those in which osteotomy/osteoplasty is indicated.
It is a technique‐sensitive treatment dependent on the clinician's experience.
Assessment of Distribution and Diversity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Most Prevalent Boraginaceae Species in Macedonia
Authors: Stefova Elena , Cvetanoska Marinela , Bogdanov Jane , Matevski Vlado , Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystematic study of extraction efficiency of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and corresponding pyrrolizidine alkaloid N‐oxides (PANOs) from plant material for subsequent LC/MS analysis was carried out. The optimal extraction was achieved with methanol and one clean up step using SPE C18 column. With the optimized LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method using ion trap, the distribution and diversity of PAs and PANOs in plant material (leaves, flowers and stems) obtained from wild‐growing E. vulgare, E. italicum, S. officinale L., C. creticum and O. heterophylla species from Macedonia was assessed. These widespread Boraginaceae species contain various PAs and PANOs and 25 of them were identified. Based on these qualitative and quantitative analyses, the profiles of 1,2‐unsaturated PAs for each sample were obtained and their toxic potential was estimated. The toxic potential of O. heterophylla and C. creticum were assumed to be highest (containing up to 4753 mg/kg and 3507 mg/kg), followed by E. vulgare (up to 1340 mg/kg), S. officinale L. (up to 479 mg/kg) and E. italicum (up to 16 mg/kg). This method can be used for monitoring the inclusion of these secondary metabolites in the food chain in order to contribute in their risk management.
Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. as a Source of Health Promoting Products: Metabolomic Profile, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Cacciola Anna , D'Angelo Valeria , Raimondo Francesco M. , Germanò Maria Paola , Braca Alessandra , De Leo Marinella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe methanolic extract of the stem bark of a wild species of jujube, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam., growing in Sicily, was chemically and biologically investigated. The chemical profile was defined by UHPLC‐HR‐ESI‐Orbitrap/MS analysis whereas antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were investigated by in vitro assays. The extract showed a high total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC=271.65 GAE/g and TFC=188.11 RE/g extract). Metabolomic analysis revealed a rich phytocomplex characterized by phenols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, and triterpenoid saponins, some of which here detected for the first time. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay displayed that the methanolic extract efficiently inhibits the monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Furthermore, the extract showed a strong ability to scavenge DPPH, a good Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power, in addition to a Fe2+ chelating activity. Taken together, these results suggest possible novel applications of wild jujube stem bark as a source of potential skin‐care agents with several uses in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Thermal Performance of Microencapsulated Phase‐Change Slurry in a Circular Tube for Heat Storage
Authors: Ran Fengming , Zhang Huan , Xu Changlu , Fang Guiyin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Eulerian‐Eulerian model was used to simulate microencapsulated phase‐change slurry (MPCS) flowing in a circular pipe. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the experimental data. The influences of inlet velocity, volume fraction, latent heat, microencapsulated phase‐change material (MPCM) particle size, and pipe wall heat flow on heat transfer properties of MPCS were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient between the MPCS and the wall surface can be improved by raising the inlet velocity and wall heat flow appropriately. With the increase of the volume fraction, reduction of particle size, and higher latent heat, the heat transfer coefficient between the MPCS and wall surface rises. Compared with water, the heat transfer coefficient of MPCS was larger.
The new approval for the sustainable strengthening of existing structures with carbon reinforced concrete
Authors: May Maximilian , Schumann Alexander , May Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe latest global events have shown that climate protection belongs to the biggest current issues of today. In order to initiate the change that is urgently needed, future‐oriented processes are required. The excessive use of resources and the associated CO2 emissions in the construction sector have reached levels that are harmful to the environment and will burden the future generations. Furthermore, a worrisome trend has emerged in the construction industry in recent years. Instead of preserving old and existing building structures, demolition and replacement construction is preferred. Environmental aspects or the historical value of monuments and listed buildings play no role, even though these are essential considerations of our time! How can we put an end to the waste of resources and destruction of local building history? With new and innovative materials—such as the high‐performance composite material carbon reinforced concrete, especially in the field of renovation and strengthening of existing structures. A new and improved approval enables to strengthen structures more efficiently and therefore, to save material. As a result, buildings are not only protected from demolition, but also remain being used sustainably.
A focus review on 3D printing of wearable energy storage devices
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Qin Jiadong , Shi Ge , Sun Chuang , Ingram Malaika , Qian Shangshu , Lu Jiong , Zhang Shanqing , Zhong Yu Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity in a variety of applications, particularly in the manufacture of wearable devices. Aided by the large degree of freedom in customizable fabrication, 3D printing can cater towards the practical requirements of wearable devices in terms of light weight and flexibility. In particular, this focus review aims to cover the important aspect of wearable energy storage devices (WESDs), which is an essential component of most wearable devices. Herein, the topics discussed are the fundamentals of 3D printing inks used, the optimizing strategies in improving the mechanical and electrochemical properties of wearable devices and the recent developments and challenges of wearable electrochemical systems such as batteries and supercapacitors. It can be expected that, with the development of 3D printing technology, realization of the full potential of WESDs and seamless integration into smart devices also needs further in‐depth investigations.
Recent Advances in the Design of Multi‐Substituted Carbazoles for Optoelectronics: Synthesis and Structure‐Property Outlook
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Thomas K. R. Justin , Park Jong Wook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic synthesis plays a pivotal role in the development of innovative organic functional materials for optoelectronic applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaics (OPVs), non‐linear optics (NLOs), field effect transistors (OFETs) and sensors. Chemical functionalization methods available for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are particularly attractive as they provide opportunities to fine‐tune the physicochemical, charge transporting and device parameters. Among the PAHs containing heteroatoms, carbazole is recognized as one of the most promising building blocks for assembling the functional materials for organic electronics, particularly for OLED and OPVs due to its unique features such as good hole transporting ability, excellent thermal and morphological stability, amorphous nature, low cost, high triplet energy and flexibility for functionalization. Until 2011, carbazole‐based functional materials were limited to use as a donor in donor–acceptor molecular configurations and as difunctionalized (C3,C6‐ or C2,C7‐ or N‐) derivatives capable of hole transporting/emitting characteristics. Recently, polyfunctionalization on carbazole at various positions has drawn significant attention as a result of their promising structure–function relationships. Although some reviews have focused on structure–property relationships within difunctionalized carbazoles, recent synthetic advances in the field of polyfunctionalized carbazoles and their resultant structure–property relationships remain unreviewed. To bridge this gap, in this article we review newly emerged synthetic approaches for polyfunctionalization of carbazole and discuss the effects of substitution pattern, chromophore nature and its density on the photophysical and device properties.
Exploiting trust, influence, and physical proximity for improving routing performance in vehicular ad hoc networks: The SCALE protocol
Authors: Mantas Nikolaos , Louta Malamati , Karetsos George T. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are receiving increased attention, and several routing protocols have been proposed already by the research community. In such a framework, social aspects and human mobility are important performance enablers, which however are mostly overlooked. In this work, we propose the socially aware CLWPR (SCALE) protocol, significantly enhancing cross‐layer weighted position‐based routing (CLWPR), a routing protocol for urban VANET environments, combining social properties such as trust, influence, and users' individual mobility patterns to its core design in order to support an efficient content dissemination scheme. The design principles of SCALE that rely on both online and offline social metrics quantifying relationships on social networking platforms and opportunistic contacts of nodes due to physical proximity, respectively, are presented, while nodes with close online and offline social relationship are favored as next forwarder nodes. Subsequently we provide the performance evaluation of SCALE against other routing protocols in distributed vehicular networks, employing representative urban scenarios with synthetic and real traffic. It is shown that the proposed approach presents improved performance in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and throughput when compared with other similar protocols by an average of 37% in scenarios with synthetic dataset and 58% with real dataset for PDR and by an average of 45% in scenarios with synthetic dataset and 61% with real dataset for throughput.