bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐lactam resistance and the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides against KPC‐producing bacteria
Authors: da Costa de Souza Guilherme , Roque‐Borda Cesar Augusto , Pavan Fernando R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacterial resistance is a problem that is giving serious cause for concern because bacterial strains such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat and highly opportunistic. These bacteria easily acquire resistance genes even from other species, which confers greater persistence and tolerance towards conventional antibiotics. These bacteria have the highest death rate in hospitalized intensive care patients, so strong measures must be taken. In this review, we focus on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to traditional drugs, due to their rapid action and lower risk of generating resistance by microorganisms. We also present an overview of beta‐lactams and explicitly explain the activity of AMPs against carbapenemase‐producing bacteria as potential alternative agents for infection control.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a Pyrrolizidinone‐Based hNK1 Antagonist through Reductive Ring Contraction of a Six‐Membered Cyclic Nitronate
Authors: Okladnikov Ilya V. , Boyko Yaroslav D. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Ioffe Sema L. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA concise seven‐step asymmetric synthesis of MSD's potent hNK1 antagonist containing a pyrrolizidinone core bearing two fluorine‐substituted aryl groups was developed. The pyrrolizidinone unit was constructed by reductive recyclization of a properly functionalized cyclic nitronate, which was assembled by stereoselective [4+2]‐cycloaddition of a nitroalkene with a vinyl ether bearing a Whitesell's chiral auxiliary group. The configuration of the hNK1 antagonist, which was previously suggested based on bioactivity data, was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The crystal structure features multiple weak interactions involving fluorine atoms that are also found in a complex with the hNK1 receptor simulated by molecular docking.
Productivity and global warming potential of direct seeding and transplanting in double‐season rice of central China
Authors: Xu Le , Yuan Shen , Wang Xinyu , Yang Guodong , Xiangcheng Pan , Yu Xing , Wang Fei , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLabor and water scarcity requires crop establishment of double‐season rice to be shifted from traditional transplanting to direct seeding. Owing to the limited thermal time, only ultrashort‐duration cultivars of about 95 d can be used for direct‐seeded, double‐season rice (DDR) in central China. However, whether the shift in crop establishment of double‐season rice can reduce greenhouse gas emissions without yield penalty remains unclear. Field experiments were conducted in Hubei province, central China with three treatments of crop establishment in the early and late seasons of 2017 and 2018. Treatments included DDR with ultrashort‐duration cultivars (DDRU), transplanted double‐season rice with ultrashort‐duration cultivars (TDRU), or with widely grown cultivars which have short duration of about 110 d (TDRS). It was found that crop growth duration of DDRU was 6–20 days shorter than that of TDRU and TDRS, respectively. Ultrashort‐duration cultivars under DDRU achieved 15.1 t ha−1 of annual yield that was 9.4% higher than TDRU, and only 3.2% lower than TDRS. DDRU reduced the annual cumulative CH4 emission by 32.0–46.1%, but had no difference in N2O emission in comparison with TDRU and TDRS. The highest CO2 emission was TDRS followed by DDRU, and then TDRU. As a result, shifting from TDRU and TDRS to DDRU decreased global warming potential and yield‐scaled greenhouse gas intensity by 28.9–53.2% and 20.7–63.8%, respectively. These findings suggest that DDR can be a promising alternative to labor‐ and water‐intensive TDR in central China that offers important advantages in mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing grain yield.
In situ hybridization to detect DNA amplification in extracellular vesicles
Authors: Casadei Lucia , Sarchet Patricia , de Faria Fernanda Costas C. , Calore Federica , Nigita Giovanni , Tahara Sayumi , Cascione Luciano , Wabitsch Martin , Hornicek Francis J. , Grignol Valerie , Croce Carlo M. , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEVs have emerged as an important component in tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Although notable progresses have been made, the detection of EV cargoes remain significantly challenging for researchers to practically use; faster and more convenient methods are required to validate the EV cargoes, especially as biomarkers. Here we show, the possibility of examining embedded EVs as substrates to be used for detecting DNA amplification through ultrasensitive in situ hybridization (ISH). This methodology allows the visualization of DNA targets in a more direct manner, without time consuming optimization steps or particular expertise. Additionally, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) blocks of EVs allows long‐term preservation of samples, permitting future studies. We report here: (i) the successful isolation of EVs from liposarcoma tissues; (ii) the EV embedding in FFPE blocks (iii) the successful selective, specific ultrasensitive ISH examination of EVs derived from tissues, cell line, and sera; (iv) and the detection of MDM2 DNA amplification in EVs from liposarcoma tissues, cell lines and sera. Ultrasensitive ISH on EVs would enable cargo study while the application of ISH to serum EVs, could represent a possible novel methodology for diagnostic confirmation. Modification of probes may enable researchers to detect targets and specific DNA alterations directly in tumour EVs, thereby facilitating detection, diagnosis, and improved understanding of tumour biology relevant to many cancer types.
Discrimination of chrysanthemum varieties using lipidomics based on UHPLC–HR‐AM/MS/MS
Authors: Zhou Li , Ma Yue , Yao Jiaxu , Zhang Minghao , Fu Haiyan , Yang Jian , Liu Jikai , Zhao Minjie , Marchioni Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDChrysanthemum is one of the most important and popular ornamentals over the world. Chrysanthemum drink is a type of traditional healthy drink like Chinese tea. Owing to the differences in the chemical compositions, different chrysanthemum varieties have different medicinal effects on human health. Thus, the identification of different chrysanthemum varieties is very important and necessary. This study aims to distinguish seven chrysanthemum varieties that are widely used in China. First, total lipids were obtained from chrysanthemums. After that, lipid profiles were characterized using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a Q Exactive™ high resolution–accurate‐mass mass spectrometer.RESULTSA total of 163 lipid molecular species from 17 types of lipid classes in seven varieties of chrysanthemums were determined. Principal component analysis indicated that three lipid molecules, lysophosphatidylethanolamine(18:2) (LPE(18:2)), LPE(16:0), and phosphatidic acid(18:2/18:3) (variable importance in projection >3, P < 0.001), can be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish seven chrysanthemum varieties. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the lipid molecular profiles of ‘Gongju’ were most similar to ‘Jinzijianju’, followed by ‘Huaibaiju’, ‘Boju’, ‘Hangbaiju’, ‘Chuju’, and ‘Fubaiju’.CONCLUSIONThis comprehensive analysis provided a new method to identify chrysanthemum varieties through the perspective of lipidomics combined with chemometrics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Scientists' warning to humanity on tree extinctions
Authors: Rivers Malin , Newton Adrian C. , Oldfield Sara ,   Global Tree Assessment Contributors
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact StatementTrees play vital roles in many of the world's ecosystems while providing many benefits to people. New evidence indicates that a third of tree species are threatened with extinction, representing a tree extinction crisis. Here we demonstrate how tree species extinction will lead to the loss of many other plants and animals and significantly alter the world's ecosystems. We also show how tree extinction will negatively affect billions of people through loss of livelihoods and benefits. We highlight a series of urgent actions needed to avert an ecological, cultural and socio‐economic catastrophe caused by widespread extinction of tree species.SummaryTrees are of exceptional ecological importance, playing a major functional role in the world's ecosystems, while also supporting many other plants, animals and fungi. Many tree species are also of direct value to people, providing a wide range of socio‐economic benefits. Loss of tree diversity could lead to abrupt declines in biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services and ultimately ecosystem collapse. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the number of tree species that are threatened with extinction, and the threats that affect them, based on results of the Global Tree Assessment. This evidence suggests that a third of the world's tree species are currently threatened with extinction, which represents a major ecological crisis. We then examine the potential implications of tree extinctions, in terms of the functioning of the biosphere and impacts on human well‐being. Large‐scale extinction of tree species will lead to major biodiversity losses in other species groups and substantially alter the cycling of carbon, water and nutrients in the world's ecosystems. Tree extinction will also undermine the livelihoods of the billions of people who currently depend on trees and the benefits they provide. This warning to humanity aims to raise awareness of the tree extinction crisis, which is a major environmental issue that requires urgent global attention. We also identify some priority actions that need to be taken to reduce the extinction risk of tree species and to avert the ecological and socio‐economic catastrophe that will result from large‐scale extinction of tree species.
Psychological Health
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychological distress is frequently experienced by patients with axSpA, with some studies reporting that more than 50% of patients have concomitant depression or anxiety (Zou et al. Med Sci Monit 22:3202–3208, 2016; Kilic G, Kilic E, Ozgocmen S. Relationship between psychiatric status, self-reported outcome measures, and clinical parameters in axial spondyloarthritis. Medicine. 2014;93:e337.; Shen et al. J Rheumatol 43:625–631, 2016; Hakkou et al. Rheumatol Int 33:285–290, 2013; Meesters et al. Arthritis Res Ther 16:418, 2014a). The exact mechanisms that lead to poor psychological status are not completely understood.
Two-Higgs-doublet model and quark-lepton unification
Authors: Pérez Pavel Fileviez , Golias Elliot , Plascencia Alexis D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model predicted in the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification that can describe physics at the low scale. We discuss the relations among the different decay widths of the new Higgs bosons and study their phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider. As a result of matter unification, this theory predicts a correlation between the decay widths of the heavy Higgs bosons into tau leptons and bottom quarks. We point out how to probe this theory using these relations and discuss the relevant flavor constraints.
Machine learning in neuroimaging: from research to clinical practice
Authors: Nenning Karl-Heinz , Langs Georg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeuroimaging is critical in clinical care and research, enabling us to investigate the brain in health and disease. There is a complex link between the brain’s morphological structure, physiological architecture, and the corresponding imaging characteristics. The shape, function, and relationships between various brain areas change during development and throughout life, disease, and recovery. Like few other areas, neuroimaging benefits from advanced analysis techniques to fully exploit imaging data for studying the brain and its function. Recently, machine learning has started to contribute (a) to anatomical measurements, detection, segmentation, and quantification of lesions and disease patterns, (b) to the rapid identification of acute conditions such as stroke, or (c) to the tracking of imaging changes over time. As our ability to image and analyze the brain advances, so does our understanding of its intricate relationships and their role in therapeutic decision-making. Here, we review the current state of the art in using machine learning techniques to exploit neuroimaging data for clinical care and research, providing an overview of clinical applications and their contribution to fundamental computational neuroscience.
Chronische Rückenschmerzen bei axialer Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Möller Burkhard 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist unter den chronischen Rückenerkrankungen wohl die Entität mit dem größten Spektrum spezifischer antientzündlicher Behandlungsoptionen. Sie wird aber erst nach Rückenmark- oder Cauda-equina-Kompression, Knochenmetastasen, epiduralem Abszess oder Osteomyelitis der Wirbelkörper, Radikulopathie oder engem Spinalkanal nur als eine ferner zu berücksichtigende Ätiologie von Rückenschmerzen in den allgemeinmedizinisch orientierten Praxishilfen erwähnt. Es besteht wegen einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Prävalenz und erst später zu erwartender Folgen die tendenzielle Gefahr, dass die axSpA als eine Entität für Spezialisten vernachlässigt wird.

Ergebnisse
Diese Arbeit rekapituliert die Empfehlungen der internationalen Gesellschaft für das Assessment der ankylosierenden Spondylitis (ASAS). Dieser Review weist auf die praktischen Aspekte der detaillierten Evaluation bisheriger Therapieversuche mit nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) bei Rückenschmerzen hin. Von besonderem Interesse können dabei unerwünschte Effekte auf eine Symptomatik des unteren Intestinaltraktes sein. Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Ansprechen auf eine TNF(Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor)-Inhibitor-Therapie bei axSpA finden Erwähnung, ebenso wie weitere Aspekte der biologischen Therapieoptionen bei axSpA anhand eines Falles von anhaltender Remission einer HLA-B27 und Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-positiven axSpA nach Anti-IL(Interleukin)-17-Behandlung und dem mehrjährigen guten Ansprechen auf eine IL-12/23-Inhibitor-Therapie bei axialer Psoriasisarthritis besprochen werden. Ferner wird die Literatur im Hinblick auf Uveitis, Karditis und Amyloidose im Kontext der axSpA diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Die rechtzeitige Erkennung im allgemeinmedizinischen Kontext und die spezifische Berücksichtigung zahlreicher prädiktiver Faktoren spielen bei der personalisierten Behandlung der axSpA eine weiter zunehmende Rolle.
A demographic analysis of vole population responses to fragmentation and destruction of habitat
Authors: Johannesen Edda , Aars Jon , Andreassen Harry P. , Ims Rolf A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFragmentation and destruction of natural habitats is currently considered to be the major threat to wildlife populations. We here perform a comprehensive analysis of the demographic effects of habitat fragmentation and destruction on 14 populations of the root vole. The experiment was divided into two consecutive periods. During the first period, we contrasted populations with the same initial size and structure in continuous and fragmented habitat. During the second period, we fragmented the continuous habitat into the same configuration as the permanently fragmented habitat so that the effect of habitat destruction could be evaluated. We estimated survival and fecundity parameters and combined them into population projection matrices to evaluate their relative impact on population growth. In the first period of the experiment there was no difference in population growth rate between fragmented and continuous populations, although litter size was significantly higher in the continuous populations. In the second period, we found higher population growth rates in populations that had experienced habitat destruction. By applying the transition matrix model to empirical estimates of demographic parameters, we demonstrate that the difference in population growth rate in the second period of the experiment was the result of a nonsignificant difference in adult survival. Movements out of the habitat patches were significantly lower in populations that had experienced habitat destruction. We conclude that predator‐caused mortality of animals moving out of the habitat patches was the main determinant of demographic variation in this system.
Identification of a neurosteroid binding site contained within the GluR2‐S1S2 domain
Authors: Spivak Vlad , Lin Adam , Beebe Partrick , Stoll Laura , Gentile Lisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlutamate receptors play a major role in neural cell plasticity, growth, and maturation. The degree to which ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) conduct current is dependent on binding of extracellular ligands, of which glutamate is the native agonist. Although the glutamate binding site of the GluR2 class of amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) iGluR has been structurally characterized, the allosteric sites attributed to neurosteroid binding have yet to be localized. Here, using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that the extracellular glutamate binding core of the GluR2 class of AMPA receptors also binds to two neurosteroids, pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and 3α‐hydroxy‐5β‐pregnan‐20‐one sulfate, both of which negatively modulate its activity. Interest in these sulfated neurosteroids stems from their differential modulation of other members of the iGluR family and their potential use as endogeneous agents for stroke therapy. In particular, whereas PS inhibits AMPA and other non‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) family members, it activates the NMDA receptor. In addition to providing evidence for binding of these neurosteroids to the glutamate binding core of the GluR2 class of AMPA receptors, our data suggests that both neurosteroids bind in a similar manner, consistent with their modulation of activity of this class of iGluR. Interestingly, the conformational change induced upon binding of these neurosteroids is distinct from that induced upon glutamate binding.
Ultrabroad band microwave absorption from hierarchical MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids via annealing treatment
Authors: Hu Feiyue , Zhang Fan , Wang Xiaohan , Li Yaya , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , Li Hongxia , Fan Bingbing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide MXene-based materials hold great potentials applied for new electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, the application of MXenes in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) is limited by the disadvantages of poor impedance matching, single loss mechanism, and easy oxidation. In this work, MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids were prepared by the annealing-treated Mo2TiC2Tx MXene and uniform MoO3 and TiO2 oxides in-situ grew on Mo2TiC2Tx layers. At the annealing temperature of 300 °C, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx reaches −30.76 dB (2.3 mm) at 10.18 GHz with a significantly broadening effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.6 GHz (1.8 mm). The in-situ generated oxides creating numerous defects and heterogeneous interfaces enhance dipolar and interfacial polarizations and optimize the impedance matching of Mo2TiC2Tx. Considering the excellent overall performance, the MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids can be a promising candidate for EMA.
Enabling factors for sustainable menstrual hygiene management practices: a rapid review
Authors: Pednekar Sulochana , Some Shreya , Rivankar Kajal , Thakore Renuka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper highlights the crucial enabling factors in menstrual hygiene management. The use of products depends on various factors such as access to water, privacy, social, cultural and econmic. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are integral parts of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Half of the world’s population are women, and women have specific needs to manage the menstrual cycle during their lifetime. To manage the bleeding during the menstrual cycle, girls and women use different products, depending on their accessibility and affordability. They are (a) disposable—one-time use products such as disposable pads, tampons, and (b) reusable products—reusable products such as cloth, washable and reusable cloth pads, menstrual cups, and period panties. The literature search revealed that there are limited studies related to the use of menstrual products and the impacts of these products on women’s health and the environment. A rapid review of the literature identified factors responsible for choosing a particular type of menstrual product, the perceptions of women using the products, and their implications on health and the environment. The study concluded with the need to study the type of menstrual products preferred by women using appropriate variables, address the issues of disposal systems, provide adolescent girls with adequate infrastructure, provide access to affordable sanitary products and gender equity to manage their periods with dignity, and increasing awareness regarding sustainable/ reusable menstrual products, suggesting further investigation in menstrual hygiene management.
Towards Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence: Assessing Its Impact on Fundamental Labour Standards in Global Value Chains
Authors: Lafarre Anne , Rombouts Bas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman rights due diligence (HRDD) is the main (voluntary) process through which companies can assess and address negative human rights impacts. In recent years, however, mandatory HRDD requirements are increasingly seen as a more effective way to persuade more companies to better address human rights risks in their global value chains (GVCs). This study investigates whether such mandatory legislative initiatives can positively impact workers’ rights in GVCs as an essential part of those human rights that should be addressed in HRDD. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the legal framework of workers’ rights in GVCs. It then uses the French vigilance law as a case study to empirically investigate the effects of a mandatory HRDD duty for companies using a simple difference-in-differences analysis with data from the Refinitiv database from 2014 to 2020. The study shows that there are indications that the French vigilance law positively impacts corporate human rights conduct. This finding particularly holds for the practices of companies that can be considered “laggards”, which can imply that legislators need to increase the mandatory requirements to further improve responsible corporate conduct.