bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the temporality of binary taste interactions in blends of sweeteners and citric acid in solution
Authors: Junge Jonas Y. , Mielby Line A. , Zeng Yan , Sun Yuan‐Xia , Byrne Derek V. , Castura John C. , Kidmose Ulla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated sweet–sour taste interactions in novel sweeteners using a 3 × 2 factorial design consisting of Sweetening System (three levels: sucrose; d‐allulose; and a blend of d‐allulose and Monk fruit extract) and Acidity (two levels: with or without citric acid). 110 untrained Chinese subjects participated using the temporal check‐all‐that‐apply (TCATA) method. Mixed‐model ANOVA was conducted to investigate the effect of Sweetening System, Acidity, and their interactions on the fractional Area Under the Curve within three 20 s time intervals (attack, evolution, finish). Treatments were compared using Dunnett's test with sucrose as control. Citric acid suppressed the sweet taste of both sucrose and d‐allulose more than the blend of d‐allulose and Monk fruit extract throughout attack and evolution time intervals. This finding was confirmed by a significant interaction between Sweetening System and Acidity for sweet taste. Sour taste was not affected differently by different Sweetening Systems or the difference in sweetener concentration.Practical ApplicationsThis study showed that the sweet taste of a blend of sweeteners could be altered by citric acid to have a similar temporal profile as sucrose in most of the evaluation time. This emphasizes the importance of not only conducting evaluations of novel sweeteners in aqueous solutions but also considering studies in more complex matrices and the choice of the methodology used to measure the sensory profile.
Understanding the effects of seasonal variation in prey availability on prey switching by large carnivores
Authors: Vettorazzi M. , Mogensen N. , Kaelo B. , Broekhuis F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptimal foraging theory predicts that carnivores select prey species based on intrinsic factors, such as body size, vulnerability, and abundance. Prey abundance can vary significantly, especially when prey species move in and out of an area en masse in search of food. However, little is known about how these resource pulses influence the prey profiles of large carnivores. Using data on lion (Panthera leo) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) kills in the Maasai Mara in Kenya, we investigate whether changes in prey abundance, as a result of a mass annual migration of herbivores, influence the prey profiles of these two carnivore species. Furthermore, for cheetah we investigate whether there are sex‐specific differences in prey profiles in response to changes in prey abundance. Using data from 387 lion kills and 220 cheetah kills (160 female and 60 male), we found that changes in prey abundance had a strong influence on prey profiles, but that for cheetahs this varied by sex and social grouping. More specifically, during the migration, when there is an influx of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), lions and male cheetah (particularly those in coalitions) were more likely to feed on wildebeest than out of the migration. In addition, when wildebeest were less abundant, lions switched to buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Overall, the breadth of the prey profiles was narrower during the migration compared to out of the migration but this was most significant for lions and coalitions of male cheetahs. These changes in prey profiles could have an impact on herbivore dynamics, human‐wildlife conflict and ecological interactions more broadly. Through the detailed characterisation of prey profiles, we contribute to the understanding of predator–prey dynamics and trophic interactions in complex, multi‐species ecosystems and illustrate the importance of taking into account inter‐ and intraspecific variations in predators when modelling predator–prey dynamics.
Naringenin confers defence against Phytophthora nicotianae through antimicrobial activity and induction of pathogen resistance in tobacco
Authors: Sun Mingming , Li Lei , Wang Chengdong , Wang Luanming , Lu Di , Shen Danyu , Wang Jie , Jiang Caihong , Cheng Lirui , Pan Xuhao , Yang Aiguo , Wang Yuanying , Zhu Xiaowei , Li Bin , Li Yiting , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is a serious disease in tobacco cultivation. We found that naringenin is a key factor that causes different sensitivity to P. nicotianae between resistant and susceptible tobacco. The level of basal flavonoids in resistant tobacco was distinct from that in susceptible tobacco. Of all flavonoids with different content, naringenin showed the best antimicrobial activity against mycelial growth and sporangia production of P. nicotianae in vitro. However, naringenin showed very low or no antimicrobial activity to other plant pathogens. We found that naringenin induced not only the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, but also the expression of salicylic acid biosynthesis‐related genes. Naringenin induced the expression of the basal pathogen resistance gene PR1 and the SAR8.2 gene that contributes to plant resistance to P. nicotianae. We then interfered with the expression of the chalcone synthase (NtCHS) gene, the key gene of the naringenin synthesis pathway, to inhibit naringenin biosynthesis. NtCHS‐RNAi rendered tobacco highly sensitive to P. nicotianae, but there was no change in susceptibility to another plant pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. Finally, exogenous application of naringenin on susceptible tobacco enhanced resistance to P. nicotianae and naringenin was very stable in this environment. Our findings revealed that naringenin plays a core role in the defence against P. nicotianae and expanded the possibilities for the application of plant secondary metabolites in the control of P. nicotianae.
Mechanisms of UV‐B light‐induced photoreceptor UVR8 nuclear localization dynamics
Authors: Fang Fang , Lin Li , Zhang Qianwen , Lu Min , Skvortsova Mariya Y. , Podolec Roman , Zhang Qinyun , Pi Jiahao , Zhang Chunli , Ulm Roman , Yin Ruohe 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Light regulates the subcellular localization of plant photoreceptors, a key step in light signaling. Ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) induces the plant photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) nuclear accumulation, where it regulates photomorphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for the UV‐B‐regulated UVR8 nuclear localization dynamics is unknown.

With fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays we tested the function of UVR8‐interacting proteins including CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), REPRESSOR OF UV‐B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and RUP2 in the regulation of UVR8 nuclear dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We showed that UV‐B‐induced rapid UVR8 nuclear translocation is independent of COP1, which previously was shown to be required for UV‐B‐induced UVR8 nuclear accumulation. Instead, we provide evidence that the UV‐B‐induced UVR8 homodimer‐to‐monomer photo‐switch and the concurrent size reduction of UVR8 enables its monomer nuclear translocation, most likely via free diffusion. Nuclear COP1 interacts with UV‐B‐activated UVR8 monomer, thereby promoting UVR8 nuclear retention. Conversely, RUP1and RUP2, whose expressions are induced by UV‐B, inhibit UVR8 nuclear retention via attenuating the UVR8–COP1 interaction, allowing UVR8 to exit the nucleus.

Collectively, our data suggest that UV‐B‐induced monomerization of UVR8 promotes its nuclear translocation via free diffusion. In the nucleus, COP1 binding promotes UVR8 monomer nuclear retention, which is counterbalanced by the major negative regulators RUP1 and RUP2.
Elevated CO2 induces rapid dephosphorylation of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase in guard cells
Authors: Ando Eigo , Kollist Hannes , Fukatsu Kohei , Kinoshita Toshinori , Terashima Ichiro 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Light induces stomatal opening, which is driven by plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase in guard cells. The activation of guard‐cell PM H+‐ATPase is mediated by phosphorylation of the penultimate C‐terminal residue, threonine. The phosphorylation is induced by photosynthesis as well as blue light photoreceptor phototropin. Here, we investigated the effects of cessation of photosynthesis on the phosphorylation level of guard‐cell PM H+‐ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Immunodetection of guard‐cell PM H+‐ATPase, time‐resolved leaf gas‐exchange analyses and stomatal aperture measurements were carried out.

We found that light–dark transition of leaves induced dephosphorylation of the penultimate residue at 1 min post‐transition. Gas‐exchange analyses confirmed that the dephosphorylation is accompanied by an increase in the intercellular CO2 concentration, caused by the cessation of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. We discovered that CO2 induces guard‐cell PM H+‐ATPase dephosphorylation as well as stomatal closure. Interestingly, reverse‐genetic analyses using guard‐cell CO2 signal transduction mutants suggested that the dephosphorylation is mediated by a mechanism distinct from the established CO2 signalling pathway. Moreover, type 2C protein phosphatases D6 and D9 were required for the dephosphorylation and promoted stomatal closure upon the light–dark transition.

Our results indicate that CO2‐mediated dephosphorylation of guard‐cell PM H+‐ATPase underlies stomatal closure.
How broad is the selfing syndrome? Insights from convergent evolution of gene expression across species and tissues in the Capsella genus
Authors: Zhang Zebin , Kryvokhyzha Dmytro , Orsucci Marion , Glémin Sylvain , Milesi Pascal , Lascoux Martin 
Published: September 2022

Summary

The shift from outcrossing to selfing is one of the main evolutionary transitions in plants. It is accompanied by profound effects on reproductive traits, the so‐called selfing syndrome. Because the transition to selfing also implies deep genomic and ecological changes, one also expects to observe a genomic selfing syndrome.

We took advantage of the three independent transitions from outcrossing to selfing in the Capsella genus to characterize the overall impact of mating system change on RNA expression, in flowers but also in leaves and roots. We quantified the extent of both selfing and genomic syndromes, and tested whether changes in expression corresponded to adaptation to selfing or to relaxed selection on traits that were constrained in outcrossers.

Mating system change affected gene expression in all three tissues but more so in flowers than in roots and leaves. Gene expression in selfing species tended to converge in flowers but diverged in the two other tissues. Hence, convergent adaptation to selfing dominates in flowers, whereas genetic drift plays a more important role in leaves and roots.

The effect of mating system transition is not limited to reproductive tissues and corresponds to both adaptation to selfing and relaxed selection on previously constrained traits.
Nutrient status regulates MED19a phase separation for ORESARA1‐dependent senescence
Authors: Cheng Steven Le Hung , Wu Hui‐Wen , Xu Haiying , Singh Reuben Manjit , Yao Tao , Jang In‐Cheol , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: September 2022

Summary

The mediator complex is highly conserved in eukgaryotes and is integral for transcriptional responses. Mediator subunits associate with signal‐responsive transcription factors (TF) to activate expression of specific signal‐responsive genes. As the key TF of Arabidopsis thaliana senescence, ORESARA1 (ORE1) is required for nitrogen deficiency (−N) induced senescence; however, the mediator subunit that associates with ORE1 remains unknown.

Here, we show that Arabidopsis MED19a associates with ORE1 to activate −N senescence‐responsive genes. Disordered MED19a forms inducible nuclear condensates under −N that is regulated by decreasing MED19a lysine acetylation. MED19a carboxyl terminus (cMED19a) harbors a mixed‐charged intrinsically disordered region (MC‐IDR) required for ORE1 interaction and liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS).

Plant and human cMED19 are sufficient to form heterotypic condensates with ORE1. Human cMED19 MC‐IDR, but not yeast cMED19 IDR, partially complements med19a suggesting functional conservation in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic cMED19 revealed that the MC‐IDR could arise through convergent evolution.

Our result of MED19 MC‐IDR suggests that plant MED19 is regulated by phase separation during stress responses.
Capnocytophaga gingivalis is a potential tumor promotor in oral cancer
Authors: Zhu Weiwen , Shen Weili , Wang Jie , Xu Yanbin , Zhai Rundong , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Mengqi , Wang Mengyao , Liu Laikui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of oral microbiome in promoting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the salivary microbiome of 108 controls and 70 OSCC cases by16S rRNA gene sequencing and detected the fluorescence signal of OSCC‐related pathological bacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (FISH). The invasion and migration assays were used to show the differences of invasive and migrative abilities between control and experimental groups. Quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).ResultsIn our study, the overall microbiome abundance and composition were richer in the 108 controls than in the 70 OSCC cases. We demonstrated that Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Peptostreptococcus, and Lactobacillus were highly abundant in the saliva of OSCC patients by 16S rDNA sequencing and FISH. Moreover, we found that Capnocytophaga gingivalis (C. gingivalis) was highly presented in OSCC tissues by FISH. We focused on C. gingivalis and found that its supernatant induced OSCC cells to undergo EMT, causing the cells to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype associated with highly invasive and metastatic properties.ConclusionTaken together, these results indicated that C. gingivalis might invade OSCC tissues and played an important role in OSCC by promoting OSCC invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT. Hence, the role of C. gingivalis in cancer progression revealed a new direction for the research of OSCC.
The unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory in school‐age children: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Lin Chih‐Chien , Hsieh Shu‐Shih , Huang Chung‐Ju , Kao Shih‐Chun , Chang Yu‐Kai , Hung Tsung‐Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and neuroelectric activity in school‐age children. Seventy‐six children aged 8.7 ± 1.1 years participated in this cross‐sectional study. We assessed aerobic fitness using the 20‐m endurance shuttle run test, muscular fitness (endurance, power) using a standard test battery, and motor ability (manual dexterity, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance) using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A modified delayed match‐to‐sample test was used to assess VSWM and the P3 component of event‐related potentials. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that greater aerobic fitness was associated with smaller coefficient of variation of reaction time (p = .008), greater muscular fitness was associated with higher response accuracy (p = .022), greater motor ability was associated with higher response accuracy (p < .001) and increased P3 mean amplitude (p < .001) after controlling for age. Furthermore, the positive associations of motor ability with response accuracy (p = .001) were independent of muscular fitness. The findings from this study provide new insight into the differential associations between health‐related fitness domains and VSWM, highlighting the influence of motor ability on brain health and cognitive development during childhood.
Insurance groups, product diversification, and the role of surplus lines affiliation
Authors: Baggett Courtney B. , Cole Cassandra R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe market share of surplus lines insurers has grown considerably. We examine the impact of surplus lines representation within insurer groups on the extent of product diversification. Initial evidence suggests that groups with greater surplus lines representation are more diversified than other groups. These results hold when controlling for the joint impact of surplus lines representation and size, as well as surplus lines representation and the percentage of overall business written in personal lines. However, when examining the subsample of groups affiliated with surplus lines insurers, we find some evidence that supports the product focus hypothesis, which states surplus lines insurers are used to further focus on existing product lines already being written by other members of the group.
Convalescent plasma and COVID‐19: Time for a second—second look?
Authors: Joyner Michael J. , Carter Rickey E. , Fairweather DeLisa , Wright R. Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this short narrative, we highlight some of our experiences leading the US Convalescent Plasma Program at the beginning of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. This includes a brief summary of how the program emerged and high‐level lessons we learned. We also share our impressions about why convalescent plasma was used at scale in the United States, early in the pandemic and share ideas that might inform the use of convalescent plasma in future outbreaks of novel infectious diseases.
The robotic production of spatiality: Predictability, partitioning, and connection
Authors: Sumartojo Shanti , Lundberg Robert , Kulić Dana , Tian Leimin , Carreno‐Medrano Pamela , Mintrom Michael , Lugli Daniele , Allen Aimee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRobots are an increasing presence in our public spaces. Accordingly, in this paper, we make an argument for the importance of understanding how they produce spatiality by developing three robotic logics: predictability, partitioning, and connection. We show how the robotic bias towards orderly categories exists alongside processual accounts of spatiality, and how the forms of anticipatory knowability that robots require play out in the contingent flow of everyday human life, where knowledge emerges as we move in and become engaged with our environments. We analyse the tensions at play here, reviewing how robotic programming and behaviours treat the spaces in which robots operate, and then interrogating robotic ways of understanding, structuring, and acting in their surroundings. This paper argues that, through the emplaced bodies of robots, their computational logics participate in an emergent production of spatiality that always exceeds their preference for knowability. Given that robots are already beginning to reconfigure our cities, we argue that unreflective accommodations of these logics should be resisted, and that we instead need better understandings of how robots' logics shape their agential capacities in our shared worlds.
Incidence and characteristics of hypotensive transfusion reaction: 10‐year experience in a single center
Authors: Kwon Soon Sung , Kim Sinyoung , Kim Hyun Ok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypotensive transfusion reaction (HyTR) is rare. It is characterized by a rapid onset of hypotension during transfusion, which usually resolves quickly upon cessation of transfusion. Information on the incidence and clinical characteristics of HyTR has been reported in only a few studies.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed HyTR cases from 10‐year hemovigilance data in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, Korea.ResultsWe identified 37 HyTRs in 35 patients, and the overall incidence of HyTR was 0.50 per 10,000 transfused units. Among the blood components, the incidence of HyTR was highest in filtered random donor platelets (0.75 per 10,000 units). About half of the HyTRs occurred within 15 min after the start of transfusion (19/37). Blood pressure returned to the normal range within an hour in 73.0% of the cases (27/37). All HyTR cases recovered without severe complications. Known risk factors for HyTR were not prominent in our cohort of patients, with no patients taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and only five patients transfused with bedside filtered platelets.DiscussionHyTR can occur in patients with various conditions and types of blood components. Understanding the clinical characteristics of HyTR facilitates proper management, leading to improved transfusion safety.
Experimental Assessment of a Reverse Brayton Cycle Based On Automotive Turbochargers and E-Chargers for Cryogenic Applications
Authors: Serrano Jose R. , Dolz V. , Ponce-Mora Alberto , López-Carrillo Juan Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The utilization of automotive engine components for the development of a reverse Brayton cycle is shown in this study. The well-known characteristics of turbochargers and electrical centrifugal compressors commonly used in the automotive industry is a starting point for developing an experimental cycle configuration of a reverse Brayton refrigeration cycle with the ability to achieve up to 115 K after a multi-stage compression with intermediate cooling and a single-stage expansion in a radial turbine using air (R-729) as working fluid. The use of a variable nozzle turbine allows to evaluate the optimum rack position for each operating point, while having control over refrigeration capacity. Studies over the minimum cycle pressure at the inlet of the first stage of compression have been performed to assess the possible benefit of creating vacuum or pressurize the working fluid. A 1 m^3 cooling chamber was attached to the installation to test the ability of cooling different thermal loads working under different operation ways, open or closed cycle, this is, letting the working fluid to interact with the thermal load or cooling it through a heat exchanger. The evaluation of thermodynamic parameters allows to obtain the coefficient of performance (COP) of the installation and the efficiency of each component. The analysis of turbomachinery performance will allow identifying weak points to improve cycle performance, and the coupling model between rotatory machines as well as to adapt the size of the installation to the refrigeration capacity required for different applications.