bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlighting the Potential Role of Exosomes as the Targeted Nanotherapeutic
Carrier in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Barnwal Ravi P. , Kumar Santosh , Singh Gurpal , Khera Alisha , Alajangi Hema K. , Khajuria Akhil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Breast cancer, being the second most common type of cancer, is a leading cause of death in
the female population. Of all the available treatments existing for breast cancer, exosomes appear as an
important medium for the site targeted delivery of the drugs. Exosomes, unlike all the other extracellular
vesicles, play a vital role in the transport of numerous biomolecules throughout the body and can
easily be detected because of the presence of specific biomarkers. Apart from playing a wide variety of
roles in the progression of many diseases, they are also responsible for tumor progression and metastasis
in breast cancer. Exosomes and related engineering strategies are being discussed as nano-carrier for
the delivery of different drugs in the case of breast cancer. Overall, we have discussed in this review the
role of exosomes in breast cancer and the engineering strategies being devised for making them an efficient
drug delivery system.
Polysaccharides: A Carrier for Gene Therapy
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Yalan , Wang Rui , Bai Haotian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Recently, polysaccharides have been proved to be an interesting drug delivery system as gene
carriers, and natural polysaccharides have attracted more attention in the field of biomaterials due to
their unique non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Compared with other polysaccharides,
chitosan and dextran have more extensive and profound applications and can directly or indirectly
deliver therapeutic genes. Chinese medicinal polysaccharides often do not have cationic groups
and cannot directly deliver therapeutic genes. They usually need certain chemical modifications. The
operation process is difficult, but better therapeutic effects are achieved. In this paper, the classification
of polysaccharides and the research progress in modified polysaccharides as novel gene carriers are
reviewed to provide a reference for polysaccharides as novel gene carriers in gene therapy. Moreover,
efficient transfection of DNA and RNA therapeutic genes requires the development of new efficient and
low-toxic vectors as well as the optimization of existing delivery vectors. Therefore, the research on
polysaccharide gene vector has a long way to go and has good prospects in scientific research and biomedicine.
Decreasing Tryptophan and Increasing Neopterin Plasma Levels During Pregnancy are Associated with High First TrimesterPorphyromonas gingivalisK-Serotype IgG Serointensity in a Cohort of Hispanic Women
Authors: Postolache Teodor T. , Upadhyaya Sanjaya K. , Spector Anna M. , Mohyuddin Iqra , Constantine Niel , Ernst Robert K. , Wadhawan Abhishek , Dutra Samia Valeria Ozorio , Dagdag Aline , Makkar Hina , Lowry Christopher A. , Akram Faisal , Fuchs Dietmar , Brenner Lisa A. , Groer Maureen W. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:Immune activation or high levels of stress may lead to increased metabo-lism of tryptophan during pregnancy. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the “keystone” periodontal pathogen, induces immune and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation. Thus, we hypothe-sized that larger gestational decreases in tryptophan and elevations in neopterin and kynurenine would occur in pregnant women with elevated IgG antibodies to Pg capsular (K) serotypes.Methods:Venous blood of 52 Hispanic pregnant women with a mean age (SD) of 31.8 (5.9) years was sampled once per trimester of pregnancy (V1, V2, V3), and plasma was obtained and stored. ELISAs were used to measure Pg capsular (K) serotype IgG serointensity (V1 only) and neopterin levels (V1-V3). Tryptophan and kynurenine (V1-V3) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The participants having IgG serointensity for any of the seven Pg K serotypes in the highest quartile were defined as the “High PgK_IgG” group and those having IgG serointensity for all K serotypes in the lowest three quartiles were defined as the “Low PgK_IgG” group. Statis-tics included multivariable linear and nonparametric methods.Results:Significant decreases in plasma tryptophan levels and increases in neopterin during gesta-tion were found in “High PgK_IgG” women but not in “Low PgK_IgG” women. Kynurenine changes were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:If replicated in larger studies and further characterized clinically, radiologically, and microbiologically, our results may potentially lead to novel interventional targets, as well as the de-velopment of more complete prognostic and predictive interactive biomarkers for adverse obstetri-cal outcomes and peripartum depression, and their prevention.
The Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks in the Adsorptive Removal
of Harmful Species from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Lin Wensong , Shi Xue-Rong , Duan Zhichang , Sun Chunyan , Zhang Xiangrui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Removing harmful species from water is essential for the protection of the environment and
human health. Among various treatment techniques, adsorption is particularly attractive because of its
advantages of easy operation, high removal efficiency, environmental friendliness, and simple regeneration
of the adsorbent. As the key factor of this technique, the choice of adsorbent is vital. Metal-organic
frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used as adsorbents to remove dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs), and metal ions from aqueous solutions because of their high porosity, structural
diversity, and highly tunable pore shape/size and surface functionality. This work systematically
reviews the recent progress on applying different types of MOFs, e.g., ZIF, MIL, and UiO series, in the
field of adsorption of these harmful species. Modification of novel MOF materials can greatly improve
their adsorption performance. This review provides a direction for the rational design of MOF adsorbents
to effectively remove various pollutants from water.
Current Scenario of Clinical Diagnosis to Identify Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Precision Profiling for Expanded Screening in Infancy in a Resource-limited Setting
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Kotnis Ashwin , Ray Suman Kumar , Vaidyanathan Kannan , Singh Snighdha , Mittal Rishabh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a diverse collection of abnormalities that cause a
variety of morbidities and mortality in children and are classified as uncommon genetic diseases.
Early and accurate detection of the condition can save a patient's life. By aiding families as they
navigate the experience of having a child with an IEM, healthcare practitioners have the chance to
reduce the burden of negative emotional consequences. New therapeutic techniques, such as enzyme
replacement and small chemical therapies, organ transplantation, and cellular and gene-based
therapies using whole-genome sequencing, have become available in addition to traditional medical
intake and cofactor treatments. In the realm of metabolic medicine and metabolomics, the twentyfirst
century is an exciting time to be alive. The availability of metabolomics and genomic analysis
has led to the identification of a slew of novel diseases. Due to the rarity of individual illnesses, obtaining
high-quality data for these treatments in clinical trials and real-world settings has proven difficult.
Guidelines produced using standardized techniques have helped enhance treatment delivery
and clinical outcomes over time. This article gives a comprehensive description of IEM and how to
diagnose it in patients who have developed clinical signs early or late. The appropriate use of standard
laboratory outcomes in the preliminary patient assessment is also emphasized that can aid in the
ordering of specific laboratory tests to confirm a suspected diagnosis, in addition, to begin treatment
as soon as possible in a resource limiting setting where genomic analysis or newborn screening facility
is not available.
Pharmacology Management in Improving Exercise Capacity of Patients
with Fontan Circulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mendel Brian , Christianto  , Setiawan Moira , Siagian Sisca Natalia , Prakoso Radityo 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The Fontan procedure is currently the mainstay therapy for single functional
ventricles. However, with prolonged follow-up duration, various complications have been
observed that seriously influence the quality of life of patients.

Objectives:
The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic agents
in improving exercise capacity in patients with Fontan circulation.

Methods:
This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and has been registered in the International
Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews database with registration no. 282352. Quality
assessments of the included studies were assessed using the Strengthening Reporting of Observational
Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.

Results:
Twelve studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were included in this metaanalysis.
This meta-analysis found that treatment with bosentan significantly improved New York
Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA FC) in Fontan patients (standard mean difference -
0.59, 95% CI -0.94 – -0.25; P=0.0008; I2 = 1%). However, the use of bosentan (P=0.66) and
sildenafil (P=0.13) did not show a significant improvement in the maximum rate of oxygen consumption
(VO2 max).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis shows that people with Fontan circulation may benefit from using
bosentan as it decreases postexercise heart rate and improves NYHA FC and 6-minute walking test
results. Therefore, indirectly improving exercise capacity. Nonetheless, considerable work is required
to strengthen our knowledge in improving the exercise capacity of Fontan patients.
Heterocyclic Compounds: Importance in Anticancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Goel Nidhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Cancer, a crucial global health problem, is characterized by abnormal cell division and uncontrolled growth.
According to WHO, cancer is the second leading cause of global deaths and accounted for approximately 9.6 million
deaths or one in six deaths in 2018. The National Cancer Registry Programme Report 2020, released by the ICMRIndia,
estimated that there would be 13,90,000 cases of cancer in India in 2020 and that this number is likely to rise to
15,70,000 by 2025. In spite of several anti-cancer drugs, cancer cannot be cured completely, especially at late stages. In
the current era, almost every person is suffering from some kind of disease. Thus, it is the necessity of time to develop
novel, potent bioactive molecules. Many researchers are working on the development of new lead molecules or finding
a new biological target for the betterment of human beings. However, heterocycles are constantly being used for the
discovery of new lead molecules. Many of the clinically approved drugs contain the heterocyclic core as these molecules
show exhilarating pharmaceutical properties, including anti-cancer agents such as methotrexate, vinblastine,
vincristine, daunorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, etc. Thus, heterocyclic compounds provide a fascinating research
area for the design and development of anti-cancer drug(s). Herein, we focused on the natural as well as synthetic
anti-cancer heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, efforts have been made toward the mechanism of action of selected
heterocyclic anti-cancer compounds.
The Effect of Curcumin on the Expression of INFγ, TNF-α, and iNOS Genes in PBMCs Infected with Leishmania major [MRHO/IR/75/ER]
Authors: Alinejad Soheila , Khademvatan Shahram , Amani Shahla , Asadi Negar , Tappeh Khosrow Hazrati , Yousefi Elham , Miandoabi Touraj 
Published: April 2022

Background:Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, is one of the most important tropical neglected diseases. The urgent search for effective, inexpensive, and preferably herbal anti-leishmanial agents, is needed.Objective:Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric that is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer activity.Methods:The present work evaluates the anti-leishmanial [Leishmania major] activity of curcumin. The infected PBMCs were treated with curcumin. The ROS level at 6, 12, 24 h and gene expression levels at 24, 48, and 72 h of PBMCs after treatment with curcumin were determined.Results:Based on the results, the curcumin concentrations of 268 μM [24 h] and 181.2 μM [72 h] were defined as IC50 against L. major promastigotes. Treatment of L. major infected-peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] with IC50 concentrations of curcumin, depending on exposure time, significantly induced the reactive oxygen species [ROS] generation and increased the expression levels of interferongamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] genes.Conclusions:These findings suggest the potential of curcumin against Leishmaniasis.
Hypersensitivity to Febuxostat in a Patient with a Previous Allopurinolinduced
Steven-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report of Treatment with a
Slow Desensitization Protocol
Authors: Calogiuri Gianfranco , Congedo Maurizio , Nettism Eustachio , Macchia Luigi , Foti Caterina , Vacca Angelo 
Published: April 2022

Background:
We report the case of a 43-year-old Chinese male with Tophaceous gout who had been living in Italy for some years.

Case Presentation:
Previous treatments with allopurinol had induced Steven Johnson syndrome, dictating a switch to febuxostat 80 mg daily. After two years of treatment with febuxostat, he developed a diffuse maculopapular rash with severe itching. Rheumatologists stopped febuxostat; however, gout worsened over the following years despite treatment with kalnicitrate and colchicine. Therefore, an allergy consultation was called for. A slow desensitization protocol with febuxostat was started, with a low oral dosage scheme to be increased up to 80 mg/day. Febuxostat was prepared in a solid formulation by the consultation pharmacist as pills instead of the more frequently used liquid suspension.

Conclusion:
The patient is currently receiving febuxostat 80 mg, and he has shown no side effects as of now, while his gout has improved. This is the first reported example and he has shown no side effect till now, while his gout improved of a successful desensitization protocol using a solid preparation of diluted febuxostat given as pills.
Natural Compounds as Potential Anti-COVID Agents
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Singh Randhir , Kumar Praveen , Sharma Prerna , Sharma Vikas 
Published: April 2022

Background:
health crisis in the world and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. A number of treatment strategies have been utilized to encounter the prevailing disease. But still the need of most appropriate therapeutic agent is still awaited. In search of anti-COVID treatment regimen, molecular docking approach was used to identify the natural compounds which may have potential for treatment of COVID and acts on specific target and possess selective mechanism. Our goal is to identify the potential anti-COVID compounds from the natural resources via virtual screening and protein of spike glycoprotein was considered as virtual inhibition.

Method.:
Molecular docking was carried out by using Molergo Virtual Docker. 35 compounds from different plant sources were selected and docked in the enzyme pocket.
Results. The docking result revealed that some of the compounds exhibited good potency against the virus and can be used further for developing new drug regimen.
Conclusion. The compounds of natural origin could be a good target and can be used as lead compounds for the treatment of this dreadful disease.
Sensor Ultrasonik Waterproof A02YYUW Berbasis Arduino Uno pada Sistem Pengukuran Jarak
Authors: Hudati Imroatul , Kusuma Dani Yudha , Permatasari Novita Bayu , Pebriani Resa Rostira 
Published: April 2022

Intisari – Perkembangan teknologi digitalisasi semakin pesat dengan tuntutan akan efisiensi dan kepraktisan terhadap segala aspek kehidupan semakin tinggi, tidak terkecuali dalam bidang elektronika, contohnya pada bidang lalu lintas salah satunya adalah palang pintu kereta api. Perkembangan palang pintu kereta api salah satunya adalah penambahan sensor ultrasonic sebagai pendeteksi jarak pada benda. Umumnya pengukuran jarak dilakukan dengan menggunakan meter konvensional atau perangkat lainnya. Namun, sekarang ini pengukuran dapat dilakukan tanpa menyentuh objek yang akan diukur, salah satunya yaitu pengukuran jarak dengan sensor ultrasonik yang memanfaatkan frekuensi pemancar dan penerima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pengujian pengukuran jarak secara digital menggunakan sensor ultrasonik waterproof A02YYUW berbasis Arduino Uno. Pada penelitian ini, jarak benda diukur dengan sudut tegak lurus terhadap sensor, sehingga sensor dapat mendeteksi benda dengan range maksimal yaitu pada sudut 00 range pengukuran adalah 450 cm. Pengukuran jarak oleh sensor yang dibandingkan dengan jarak sebenarnya (standar) pada titik uji 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm, 250 cm, 300 cm, 350 cm dan 400 cm. Hasil pengukuran yang didapatkan berupa nilai error dan akurasi. Nilai error tertinggi yaitu 14% dengan akurasi 86% pada jarak uji 50 cm dan nilai error terendah adalah 0% dengan akurasi 100% pada jarak uji 400 cm.
Total Kidney Volume Measurements in ADPKD by 3D and Ellipsoid Ultrasound in Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Akbari Pedram , Nasri Fatemah , Deng Shirley X. , Khowaja Saima , Lee Seung H. , Warnica William , Lu Hua , Rattansingh Anand , Atri Mostafa , Khalili Korosh , York Pei 
Published: April 2022

Background and objectives
Total kidney volume is a validated prognostic biomarker for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Total kidney volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and manual segmentation is considered the “reference standard,” but it is time consuming and not readily accessible. By contrast, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides a promising technology for total kidney volume measurements with unknown potential. Here, we report a comparative study of total kidney volume measurements by 3D ultrasound versus the conventional methods by ultrasound ellipsoid and MRI ellipsoid.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This single-center prospective study included 142 patients who completed a standardized 3D ultrasound and MRI. Total kidney volumes by 3D ultrasound and ultrasound ellipsoid were compared with those by MRI. We assessed the agreement of total kidney volume measurements by Bland–Altman plots and misclassification of the Mayo Clinic imaging classes between the different imaging methods, and we assessed prediction of Mayo Clinic imaging classes 1C–1E by average ultrasound kidney length >16.5 cm.

Results
Compared with MRI manual segmentation, MRI ellipsoid, 3D ultrasound, and ultrasound ellipsoid underestimated total kidney volume (mean difference: −3%, −9%, and −11%, respectively), with Mayo Clinic imaging classes misclassified in 11%, 21%, and 22% of patients, respectively; most misclassified cases by MRI ellipsoid (11 of 16), 3D ultrasound (23 of 30), and ultrasound ellipsoid (26 of 31) were placed into a lower Mayo Clinic imaging class. Predictions of the high-risk Mayo Clinic imaging classes (1C–1E) by MRI ellipsoid, 3D ultrasound, and ultrasound ellipsoid all yielded high positive predictive value (96%, 95%, and 98%, respectively) and specificity (96%, 96%, and 99%, respectively). However, both negative predictive value (90%, 88%, and 95%, respectively) and sensitivity (88%, 85%, and 94%, respectively) were lower for 3D ultrasound and ultrasound ellipsoid compared with MRI ellipsoid. An average ultrasound kidney length >16.5 cm was highly predictive of Mayo Clinic imaging classes 1C–1E only in patients aged ≤45 years.

Conclusions
Total kidney volume measurements in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by 3D ultrasound and ultrasound ellipsoid displayed similar bias and variability and are less accurate than MRI ellipsoid. Prediction of high-risk Mayo Clinic imaging classes (1C–1E) by all three methods provides high positive predictive value, but ultrasound ellipsoid is simpler to use and more readily available.
Quartzite procurement, not only in fluvial deposits: raw material characterisation of the lithic assemblage from Level XXII-R at El Esquilleu, Cantabrian Region, Spain.
Authors: Prieto Alejandro , Yusta Iñaki , Garcia-Rojas Maite , Arrizabalaga Alvaro , Baena Preysler Javier 
Published: April 2022

The consideration of quartzite as a secondary raw material has relegated in-depth research of this raw material in favour of such other rocks as flint or obsidian. The latter two are the most researched raw materials because of the information derived from their study: long-distance transport of rocks and mobility of people. In contrast, information obtained from research into quartzite generally supported near-site procurement areas mainly related to secondary river deposits. Together with the wide range of rocks called quartzite by archaeologists, this has influenced the poverty of research on the second most-often used raw material during the Palaeolithic. To overcome this narrow perspective, it is necessary to put quartzite in the centre of the debate as a raw material, using an inductive proposal based on geoarchaeological methodologies.
This issue is approached by the application of a geoarchaeological methodology that combines thin section analysis, stereomicroscope observation, and X-ray Fluorescence compositional analysis of the quartzite from Level-XXII-R at El Esquilleu. Potential areas where quartzite could be procured, especially river beaches, are also characterised here. The results show complex mechanisms of quartzite acquisition based on intensive and selective searching, not only in proximate river deposits, but also in more distant fluvial deposits and conglomerate formations. Finally, in combination with techno-typological criteria, complex mechanisms of exploitation are proposed. These depended on each quartzite type, which promoted not only lithological but also technological variability. All these data open new perspectives for the characterisation of the second best represented raw material in Europe, as well as for understanding acquisition mechanisms in fluvial deposits and conglomerate formations.
É MELHOR JAIR DESACOSTUMANDO
Authors: Alves Cecília Noronha Braz , Almeida Maria de Fátima 
Published: April 2022

Este presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar a construção do estilo no discurso antivacina do presidente da República do Brasil Jair Bolsonaro, em postagens de seu perfil oficial do Facebook. Para isso, vamos mobilizar categorias, noções e conceitos da Teoria Dialógica da Linguagem como palavra, enunciado, relações dialógicas, interação verbal, estilo e gêneros do discurso. Os dois principais teóricos que vão respaldar nossa micro tese são Valentin Volóchinov (2017, 2019) e Mikhail Bakhtin (2002, 2011, 2012, 2016).