bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic-scale interactions between quorum sensing autoinducer molecules and the mucoid P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharide matrix
Authors: Hills Oliver J. , Yong Chin W. , Scott Andrew J. , Devine Deirdre A. , Smith James , Chappell Helen F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent cystic fibrosis (CF) lung coloniser whose chronicity is associated with the formation of cation cross-linked exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrices, which form a biofilm that acts as a diffusion barrier, sequestering cationic and neutral antimicrobials, and making it extremely resistant to pharmacological challenge. Biofilm chronicity and virulence of the colony is regulated by quorum sensing autoinducers (QSAIs), small signalling metabolites that pass between bacteria, through the biofilm matrix, regulating genetic responses on a population-wide scale. The nature of how these molecules interact with the EPS is poorly understood, despite the fact that they must pass through EPS matrix to reach neighbouring bacteria. Interactions at the atomic-scale between two QSAI molecules, C4-HSL and PQS—both utilised by mucoid P. aeruginosa in the CF lung—and the EPS, have been studied for the first time using a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) approach. A large-scale, calcium cross-linked, multi-chain EPS molecular model was developed and MD used to sample modes of interaction between QSAI molecules and the EPS that occur at physiological equilibrium. The thermodynamic stability of the QSAI-EPS adducts were calculated using DFT. These simulations provide a thermodynamic rationale for the apparent free movement of C4-HSL, highlight key molecular functionality responsible for EPS binding and, based on its significantly reduced mobility, suggest PQS as a viable target for quorum quenching.
Evaluation of two rotational helmet technologies to decrease peak rotational acceleration in cycling helmets
Authors: Hoshizaki Thomas , Post Andrew M. , Zerpa Carlos E. , Legace Elizabeth , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Gilchrist Michael D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe risk of brain trauma has been associated with the rotational kinematics leading to the development of helmets with a variety rotational management technologies. The purpose of this paper was to employ a rotation specific test protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of two of these technologies. Dynamic response of the head was measured to assess the performance of each technology. Three cycling helmets with identical construction were included in this study. One helmet with no rotational technology, an established, commercial technology and a novel helmet rotational technology designed and assembled by the authors were tested. A drop test onto a 45° anvil was used to measure the ability of each helmet to manage the dynamic response of the head form during a series of impacts. The results revealed both rotational helmet technologies resulted in lower peak rotational acceleration and brain strain, however each technology demonstrated unique performance characteristics depending on the impact condition.
Effect of ambient lighting on frequency dependence in transcranial electrical stimulation-induced phosphenes
Authors: Evans Ian , Palmisano Stephen , Croft Rodney J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInconsistencies have been found in the relationship between ambient lighting conditions and frequency-dependence in transcranial electric stimulation (tES) induced phosphenes. Using a within-subjects design across lighting condition (dark, mesopic [dim], photopic [bright]) and tES stimulation frequency (10, 13, 16, 18, 20 Hz), this study determined phosphene detection thresholds in 24 subjects receiving tES using an FPz-Cz montage. Minima phosphene thresholds were found at 16 Hz in mesopic, 10 Hz in dark and 20 Hz in photopic lighting conditions, with these thresholds being substantially lower for mesopic than both dark (60% reduction) and photopic (56% reduction), conditions. Further, whereas the phosphene threshold-stimulation frequency relation increased with frequency in the dark and decreased with frequency in the photopic conditions, in the mesopic condition it followed the dark condition relation from 10 to 16 Hz, and photopic condition relation from 16 to 20 Hz. The results clearly demonstrate that ambient lighting is an important factor in the detection of tES-induced phosphenes, and that mesopic conditions are most suitable for obtaining overall phosphene thresholds.
Effect of instant jasmine rice coating combining Spirulina with edible polymers on physicochemical properties, textural properties and sensory acceptance
Authors: Utama-ang Niramon , Kuatrakul Ittikorn , Walter Ponjan , Rattanapitigorn Panida , Kawee-ai Arthitaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoating is an effective and economic strategy to increase the functional property of food products. This study investigated the technical feasibility of adding Spirulina platensis to edible polymers, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and maltodextrin (MD), in the coating of instant jasmine rice, using a central composite design (CCD). A total of 10 edible coating formulations comprising CMC (10–30% w/v) and MD (1–5% w/v) were evaluated to optimize the most suitable combination of physicochemical properties, textural attributes, and sensory acceptance. The resulting rice fortified with S. platensis and hydrocolloids showed improved textural and functional properties favourable for consumer acceptance. Among these, the optimum (20.0% MD, 1.0% CMC, and 2.0% S. platensis powder) increased the physicochemical properties and decreased textural properties compared with those of uncoated rice. This condition showed phycocyanin content of 1.4 mg/g, chlorophyll a of 181.5 µg/g, total phenolic compound (TPC) of 137.3 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 3.8 mg ferrous (Fe2+)/g with overall acceptability of 7.1 (like moderately). It can be stated that masking the colour and flavour of Spirulina with an edible coating could be a healthy alternative to commercial rice and used to fortify cereal products with algae.
Biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis SL and its potential for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs
Authors: Wu Bo , Xiu Jianlong , Yu Li , Huang Lixin , Yi Lina , Ma Yuandong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrobial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology is an environmental-friendly EOR method that utilizes the microorganisms and their metabolites to recover the crude oil from reservoirs. This study aims to research the potential application of strain SL in low permeability reservoirs. Strain SL is identified as Bacillus subtilis by molecular methods. Based on the mass spectrometry, the biosurfactant produced by strain SL is characterized as lipopeptide, and the molecular weight of surfactin is 1044, 1058, 1072, 1084 Da. Strain SL produces 1320 mg/L of biosurfactant with sucrose as the sole carbon source after 72 h. With the production of biosurfactant, the surface tension of cell-free broth considerably decreases to 25.65 ± 0.64 mN/m and the interfacial tension against crude oil reaches 0.95 ± 0.22 mN/m. The biosurfactant exhibits excellent emulsification with crude oil, kerosene, octane and hexadecane. In addition, the biosurfactant possesses splendid surface activity at pH 5.0–12.0 and NaCl concentration of 10.0% (w/v), even at high temperature of 120 °C. The fermentation solution of strain SL is applied in core flooding experiments under reservoir conditions and obtains additional 5.66% of crude oil. Hence, the presented strain has tremendous potential for enhancing the oil recovery from low-permeability reservoirs.
Degron masking outlines degronons, co-degrading functional modules in the proteome
Authors: Guharoy Mainak , Lazar Tamas , Macossay-Castillo Mauricio , Tompa Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEffective organization of proteins into functional modules (networks, pathways) requires systems-level coordination between transcription, translation and degradation. Whereas the cooperation between transcription and translation was extensively studied, the cooperative degradation regulation of protein complexes and pathways has not been systematically assessed. Here we comprehensively analyzed degron masking, a major mechanism by which cellular systems coordinate degron recognition and protein degradation. For over 200 substrates with characterized degrons (E3 ligase targeting motifs, ubiquitination sites and disordered proteasomal entry sequences), we demonstrate that degrons extensively overlap with protein-protein interaction sites. Analysis of binding site information and protein abundance comparisons show that regulatory partners effectively outcompete E3 ligases, masking degrons from the ubiquitination machinery. Protein abundance variations between normal and cancer cells highlight the dynamics of degron masking components. Finally, integrative analysis of gene co-expression, half-life correlations and functional relationships between interacting proteins point towards higher-order, co-regulated degradation modules (‘degronons’) in the proteome.
Spontaneous polarization and cell guidance on asymmetric nanotopography
Authors: Herr Corey , Winkler Benjamin , Ziebert Falko , Aranson Igor S. , Fourkas John T. , Losert Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAsymmetric nanotopography with sub-cellular dimensions has recently demonstrated the ability to provide a unidirectional bias in cell migration. The details of this guidance depend on the type of cell studied and the design of the nanotopography. This behavior is not yet well understood, so there is a need for a predictive description of cell migration on such nanotopography that captures both the initiation of migration, and the way cell migration evolves. Here, we employ a three-dimensional, physics-based model to study cell guidance on asymmetric nanosawteeth. In agreement with experimental data, our model predicts that asymmetric sawteeth lead to spontaneous motion. Our model demonstrates that the nanosawteeth induce a unidirectional bias in guidance direction that is dependent upon actin polymerization rate and sawtooth dimensions. Motivated by this model, an analysis of previously reported experimental data indicates that the degree of guidance by asymmetric nanosawteeth increases with the cell velocity.
The mantle structure below petit-spot volcanoes
Authors: Hirano Naoto , Machida Shiki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPetit-spot volcanoes provide a unique opportunity to directly examine the structure and geochemical composition of the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle beneath the subducting oceanic crust. Currently, petit-spot volcanos—formed in response to the flexure of subducting oceanic plates—are known to exist off the Japan, Java, Chile and Mariana trenches, however, the difficulties associated with detecting them leaves the possibility that they may be more widespread along outer rise of plates. Investigation of the lavas and xenolithic material erupted from petit-spot volcanos has suggested that the suboceanic lithosphere is largely metasomatized by numerous ascending petit-spot melts. This somewhat contradicts previous understanding which indicated that the oceanic lithosphere has a depleted mantle composition. The ultimate source and geodynamic processes that lead to the formation of petit-spot melts remain ambiguous, however, possibilities include that the lavas originate from incipient asthenospheric carbonatitic or carbonated silicate melts that are characteristically depleted in zirconium and hafnium. Typical geochemical trends in petit-spot lava fields off Japan trench indicate elemental partitioning through the immiscible separation of carbonate and silicate melts.
Melanoma-specific antigen-associated antitumor antibody reactivity as an immune-related biomarker for targeted immunotherapies
Authors: Rähni Annika , Jaago Mariliis , Sadam Helle , Pupina Nadežda , Pihlak Arno , Tuvikene Jürgen , Annuk Margus , Mägi Andrus , Timmusk Tõnis , Ghaemmaghami Amir M. , Palm Kaia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:Immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the management of many cancers. However, a large number of patients show resistance to these immunotherapies and current research has provided limited findings for predicting response to precision immunotherapy treatments.Methods:Here, we applied the next generation phage display mimotope variation analysis (MVA) to profile antibody response and dissect the role of humoral immunity in targeted cancer therapies, namely anti-tumor dendritic cell vaccine (MelCancerVac®) and immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (pembrolizumab).Results:Analysis of the antibody immune response led to the characterization of epitopes that were linked to melanoma-associated and cancer-testis antigens (CTA) whose antibody response was induced upon MelCancerVac® treatments of lung cancer. Several of these epitopes aligned to antigens with strong immune response in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions:This study provides insights into the differences and similarities in tumor-specific immunogenicity related to targeted immune treatments. The antibody epitopes as biomarkers reflect melanoma-associated features of immune response, and also provide insights into the molecular pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of cancer. Concluding, antibody epitope response can be useful in predicting anti-cancer immunity elicited by immunotherapy.
Expanding shells around young clusters – S 171/Be 59
Authors: Gahm G. F. , Wilhelm M. J. C. , Persson C. M. , Djupvik A. A. , Portegies Zwart S. F. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Some HII regions that surround young stellar clusters are bordered by molecular shells that appear to expand at a rate inconsistent with our current model simulations. In this study we focus on the dynamics of Sharpless 171 (including NGC 7822), which surrounds the cluster Berkeley 59.
Aims. We aim to compare the velocity pattern over the molecular shell with the mean radial velocity of the cluster for estimates of the expansion velocities of different shell structures, and to match the observed properties with model simulations.
Methods. Optical spectra of 27 stars located in Berkeley 59 were collected at the Nordic Optical Telescope, and a number of molecular structures scattered over the entire region were mapped in 13CO(1–0) at Onsala Space Observatory.
Results. We obtained radial velocities and MK classes for the cluster’s stars. At least four of the O stars are found to be spectroscopic binaries, in addition to one triplet system. From these data we obtain the mean radial velocity of the cluster. From the 13CO spectra we identify three shell structures, expanding relative to the cluster at moderate velocity (4 km s–1), high velocity (12 km s–1), and in between. The high-velocity cloudlets extend over a larger radius and are less massive than the low-velocity cloudlets. We performed a model simulation to understand the evolution of this complex.
Conclusions. Our simulation of the Sharpless 171 complex and Berkeley 59 cluster demonstrates that the individual components can be explained as a shell driven by stellar winds from the massive cluster members. However, our relatively simple model produces a single component. Modelling of the propagation of shell fragments through a uniform interstellar medium demonstrates that dense cloudlets detached from the shell are decelerated less efficiently than the shell itself. They can reach greater distances and retain higher velocities than the shell.
Koloskopievorbereitung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus:
Entwicklung einer Handlungsempfehlung
Authors: Adamek Henning Ernst , Bergmann Laura , Müssig Karsten 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Schlüsselfaktor für die Aussagekraft einer Koloskopie ist die Qualität der Darmvorbereitung (Kolonlavage). Eine schlechte Darmvorbereitung führt zu verlängerten Untersuchungszeiten, inkompletten Untersuchungen und erhöht das Komplikationsrisiko. Eine Diabeteserkrankung ist ein bedeutender Risikofaktor für eine insuffiziente Kolonlavage. Standardisierte Empfehlungen zur Koloskopievorbereitung von Diabetespatienten liegen bisher nicht vor.
Methode Es erfolgte eine selektive Literatursuche in PubMed und GoogleScholar bis einschließlich 06/2021. Leitlinien und Positionspapiere der deutschen, europäischen und amerikanischen Fachgesellschaften sowie klinikeigene Erfahrungen wurden ebenfalls berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Für die Darmvorbereitung gibt es verschiedene Wirkstoffe, die in 2 Hauptgruppen aufgeteilt werden können: Polyethylenglycol (PEG)-Lösungen und osmotische Lösungen. Es liegen inzwischen eine Reihe von Metaanalysen vor, die Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Vorbereitungsschemata untersucht haben. Die Ergebnisse sind sehr heterogen. Neben der Wahl des Abführmittels und der Frage welcher Zeitpunkt der Einnahme günstig ist, scheint die Art der Aufklärung zur Darmvorbereitung eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Außerdem ist bei Diabetes-Patienten die Ernährung in den Tagen vor der Koloskopie von besonderer Bedeutung.
Schlussfolgerung PEG-basierte Abführlösungen in Split-Dosis sind bei Diabetes-Patienten aufgrund der häufig vorliegenden Motilitätsstörungen zu bevorzugen. Eine subtile Aufklärung über die Abführmaßnahmen und ein individueller Ernährungsplan für die Tage vor der Koloskopie werden empfohlen.
Die Arthroskopie des oberen Sprunggelenkes – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Gaulke Ralph 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Arthroskopie des oberen Sprunggelenkes hat, aufgrund der kleinen Zugänge und der guten Übersichtlichkeit sämtlicher Gelenkkompartimente in Bezug auf die Synovialektomie, die Entfernung von Schleimhautfalten, insbesondere unter der Syndesmose, aber auch bei der dorsalen Synovialektomie, die offenen Verfahren weitgehend abgelöst. Neben der totalen Synovialektomie über Zugänge von dorsal und ventral ist es möglich, Osteophyten abzutragen und dadurch die Gelenkbeweglichkeit zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus können freie Gelenkkörper entfernt und Knorpelläsionen geglättet werden. Auch die arthroskopisch assistierte perkutane Schraubenarthrodese entwickelt sich zunehmend zu einem Standardverfahren in der Therapie des rheumatischen und degenerativ veränderten oberen Sprunggelenkes. Ist eine Tenosynovialektomie erforderlich, so wird auch das Gelenk offen therapiert, da das arthroskopische Vorgehen dann kaum Vorteile bietet.
The Extended Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Deep Plane Facelift
Authors: Hu Shirley , Perkins Stephen W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the past four decades, the senior author has evolved and perfected his preferred method for face and neck lifting, the extended superficial musculoaponeurotic system deep plane rhytidectomy, and submentoplasty. With this procedure, the superficial musculoaponeurotic system layer is addressed both in the face and neck, repositioning the tissues in a superior and posterior vector and creating a sling in the cervicomental area. Outcomes have proven to be both successful and long lasting. In this article, a detailed update and discussion of the specific techniques utilized are provided.
Indian female Twitter influencers’ perceptions of trolls
Authors: Pillai Varsha , Ghosh Munmun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial media interactions invariably include trolling, where disruptive or annoying comments are made online, and gender trolling is one aspect of trolling. Gender trolling in India has turned ugly, with mischievous and offensive tweets transforming into threats. However, far too little research has examined the perceptions of such trolling among women. What do Indian women on Twitter feel about trolling? Are they encountering prejudice on the platform as well? How do they cope with vitriolic trolls and online threats? This study employs a feminist narrative approach to evaluate perceptions of gender trolling among women on Twitter in India. The study aims to understand the impact of online trolling among Indian women Twitter influencers. Insights into their online trolling experiences from twenty-five selected women social media influencers on Twitter were gathered through detailed interviews. This study unravelled some critical observations and responses towards gender trolling among women Twitter influencers in India. The research also explored if the regularization of misogynistic laced gender trolling within the Indian online space alters the way women social media influencers respond to trolling.
Chemical bonds and weak interactions of methoxysalicylic acid isomers investigated by terahertz spectroscopy and density functional theory
Authors: Tang Yuan , Li Zhi , Zhang Huo , Tu Shan , She Yulai 
Published: May 2022

The characteristic absorption spectra of isomers (3-, 4-, and 6-methoxysalicylic acid) were investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the range of 0.4–3.0 THz. In parallel with the experimental study, the unit cells of the three isomers were calculated by density functional theory, and we found that the theoretical spectral absorption peaks were basically consistent with the experimental results. To better comprehensively interpret the origin of the characteristic absorption peaks, the potential energy distribution (PED) method was used to assign the vibrational modes of absorption peaks. The interaction of the system was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using the interaction region indicator (IRI) and energy decomposition analysis based on forcefield (EDA-FF). The analysis indicated the weak interaction types of 3-, 4-, and 6-methoxysalicylic acid were dominated by van der Waals interaction. There are slight differences in intra- and inter-molecular weak hydrogen bonds among the three substances. The weak interaction is mainly contributed by dispersion. The results show that THz-TDS can accurately identify isomers. It provides a novel idea for studying molecular vibration characteristics, chemical bonds, and weak interactions combined with PED, IRI, and EDA-FF analysis methods.
Improving signal-to-noise ratio of magnetic tunnel junction based radio frequency detector via spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Tiwari Dhananjay 
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) technique, which was developed and optimized to investigate spin-transfer effects in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) and spin Hall effect phenomena in ferromagnet/non-magnetic heavy metal bilayer systems. The devices for STFMR are typically fabricated with co-planar waveguides with contact pads for applying radio frequency or direct current, Irf(Idc). The device under investigation was a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB based MTJ with a resistance-area product of 1.5 Ω (μm)2 having a circular cross section with a diameter of 180 nm and tunneling magneto-resistance in the range of 60%–80%. The development of the STFMR setup and its optimization for achieving higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is discussed using two modulation schemes, namely, radio-frequency modulation and field modulation (FM). The FM-STFMR method reduces frequency-dependent noise and offers a higher SNR of 30 dB compared to other modulation schemes in the literature. In addition, a vector network analyzer based STFMR technique is developed, which provides a simple and fast means for characterizing MTJ devices. Furthermore, to calculate the exact power reaching the MTJ, impedance mismatch is calculated using the de-embedding method. The magnitude of in-plane torkance and out-of-plane torkance with dc bias is measured, and the results are found to be consistent with the results of STFMR techniques. The results show that the magnitude of out-of-plane torkance is substantially smaller than that of in-plane torkance in MTJ.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 6 September 2022.