bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of low within‐pair genetic relatedness in a relict population of Thorn‐tailed Rayadito despite long‐term isolation
Authors: Botero‐Delgadillo Esteban , Quirici Verónica , Ippi Silvina , Vásquez Rodrigo A. , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvestigating whether mating patterns are biased in relation to kinship in isolated populations can provide a better understanding of the occurrence of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in wild populations. Here, we report on the genetic relatedness (r) among breeding pairs in a relict population of Thorn‐tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in north‐central Chile that has experienced a long‐term history of isolation. We used simulations based on 8 years of data to assess whether mating is random with respect to relatedness. We found that mean and median population values of pair relatedness tended to be lower than randomly generated values, suggesting that mating is not random with respect to kinship. We hypothesize that female‐biased dispersal is the main mechanism reducing the likelihood of mating among kin, and that the proportion of related pairs (i.e., r > 0.125) in the study population (25%) would presumably be higher in the absence of sex‐biased dispersal. The occurrence of other mechanisms such as extra‐pair copulations, delayed breeding, and active inbreeding avoidance through kin discrimination cannot be dismissed and require further study.
Variation of the seed endophytic bacteria among plant populations and their plant growth‐promoting activities in a wild mustard plant species, Capsella bursa‐pastoris
Authors: Choi Byungwook , Jeong Seorin , Kim Eunsuk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that some bacteria can inhabit plant seeds, and they are likely founders of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of or inside plants at the early developmental stage. Given that the seedling establishment is a critical fitness component of weedy plant species, the effects of seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) on the seedling performance are of particular interest in weed ecology. Here, we characterized the SEB in natural populations of Capsella bursa‐pastoris, a model species of weed ecology. The composition of endophytic bacterial community was evaluated using deep sequencing of a 16S rDNA gene fragment. Additionally, we isolated bacterial strains from seeds and examined their plant growth‐promoting traits. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Alpha‐, and Gammaproteobacteria were major bacterial phyla inside seeds. C. bursa‐pastoris natural populations exhibited variable seed microbiome such that the proportion of Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria differed among populations, and 60 out of 82 OTUs occurred only in a single population. Thirteen cultivable bacterial species in six genera (Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Staphylococcus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas) were isolated, and none of them except Staphylococcus haemolyticus were previously reported as seed endophytes. Eight isolates exhibited plant growth‐promoting traits like phosphate solubilization activity, indole‐3‐acetic acid, or siderophore production. Despite the differences in the bacterial communities among plant populations, at least one isolated strain from each population stimulated shoot growth of either C. bursa‐pastoris or its close relative A. thaliana when grown with plants in the same media. These results suggest that a weedy plant species, C. bursa‐pastoris, contains bacterial endophytes inside their seeds, stimulating seedling growth and thereby potentially affecting seedling establishment.
Insect pest damage increases faba bean (Vicia faba) yield components but only in the absence of insect pollination
Authors: Riggi Laura G.A. , Raderschall Chloé A. , Lundin Ola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdentifying and quantifying crop stressors interactions in agroecosystems is necessary to guide sustainable crop management strategies. Over the last 50 years, faba bean cropping area has been declining, partly due to yield instabilities associated with uneven insect pollination and herbivory. Yet, the effect of interactions between pollinators and a key pest, the broad bean beetle Bruchus rufimanus (florivorous and seed predating herbivore) on faba bean yield has not been investigated. Using a factorial cage experiment in the field, we investigated how interactions between two hypothesized stressors, lack of insect pollination by bumblebees and herbivory by the broad bean beetle, affect faba bean yield. Lack of bumblebee pollination reduced bean weight per plant by 15%. Effects of the broad bean beetle differed between the individual plant and the plant‐stand level (i.e., when averaging individual plant level responses at the cage level), likely due to high variation in the level of herbivory among individual plants. At the individual plant level, herbivory increased several yield components but only in the absence of pollinators, possibly due to plant overcompensation and/or pollination by the broad bean beetle. At the plant‐stand level, we found no effect of the broad bean beetle on yield. However, there was a tendency for heavier individual bean weight with bumblebee pollination, but only in the absence of broad bean beetle herbivory, possibly due to a negative effect of the broad bean beetle on the proportion of legitimate flower visits by bumblebees. This is the first experimental evidence of interactive effects between bumblebees and the broad bean beetle on faba bean yield. Our preliminary findings of negative and indirect associations between the broad bean beetle and individual bean weight call for a better acknowledgment of these interactions in the field in order to understand drivers of crop yield variability in faba bean.
Plant–arthropod interactions of an endangered California lupine
Authors: Motta Carina I. , Luong Justin C. , Seltmann Katja C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe reintroduction of endangered plant species is an essential conservation tool. Reintroductions can fail to create resilient, self‐sustaining populations due to a poor understanding of environmental factors that limit or promote plant success. Biotic factors, specifically plant–arthropod interactions, have been shown to affect the establishment of endangered plant populations. Lupinus nipomensis (Nipomo Mesa lupine) is a state of California (California Rare Plant Rank: 1B.1) and federally (65 FR 14888) endangered endemic plant with only one extant population located along the central California coast. How arthropods positively or negatively interact with L. nipomensis is not well known and more information could aid conservation efforts. We conducted arthropod surveys of the entire L. nipomensis extant population in spring 2017. Observed arthropods present on L. nipomensis included 17 families, with a majority of individuals belonging to Thripidae. We did not detect any obvious pollinators of L. nipomensis, providing support for previous studies suggesting this lupine is capable of self‐pollinating, and observed several arthropod genera that could potentially impact the reproductive success of L. nipomensis via incidental pollination or plant predation.
Association between dosing and combination use of medications and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: D'Amario Domenico , Rodolico Daniele , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Dahlström Ulf , Crea Filippo , Lund Lars H. , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo assess the association between combination, dose and use of current guideline‐recommended target doses (TD) of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi) and β‐blockers, and outcomes in a large and unselected contemporary cohort of patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction.Methods and resultsOverall, 17 809 outpatients registered in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) from May 2000 to December 2018, with ejection fraction <40% and duration of HF ≥90 days were selected. Primary outcome was a composite of time to cardiovascular death and first HF hospitalization. Compared with no use of RASi or ARNi, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 0.83 (0.76–0.91) with <50% of TD, 0.78 (0.71–0.86) with 50%–99%, and 0.73 (0.67–0.80) with ≥100% of TD. Compared with no use of β‐blockers, the adjusted HR (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.76–0.91), 0.81 (0.74–0.89) and 0.74 (0.68–0.82) with <50%, 50%–99% and ≥100% of TD, respectively. Patients receiving both an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/ARNi and a β‐blocker at 50%–99% of TD had a lower adjusted risk of the primary outcome compared with patients only receiving one drug, i.e. ACEi/ARB/ARNi or β‐blocker, even if this was at ≥100% of TD.ConclusionHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients using higher doses of RASi or ARNi and β‐blockers had lower risk of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Use of two drug classes at 50%–99% of TD dose was associated with lower risk than one drug class at 100% of TD.
Catalytic Hydrophosphination of Isocyanates by Molecular Antimony Phosphanides
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Coles Martyn P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe terminal antimony phosphanides Sb(NONDipp)(PR2) (NONDipp=[O(SiMe2NDipp)2]2−; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; R=Cy, Ph) were assessed for catalytic hydrophosphination reactivity. Stoichiometric reactions showed that phenylisocyanate inserts into the Sb−P bond to afford the phosphanylcarboxamidate complex, and subsequent reaction with Cy2P−H confirmed liberation of Cy2PC(O)NHPh. Catalytic hydrophosphination of PhN=C=O by Ph2P−H was demonstrated using 1 mol % catalyst at room temperature. A mixture of mono‐ and di‐insertion products were produced under these conditions.
Synthesis, Photophysics, Computational Approaches, and Biomolecule Interactive Studies of Metalloporphyrins Containing Pyrenyl Units: Influence of the Metal Center
Authors: Hahn da Silveira Carolina , Chaves Otávio A. , Marques Amanda C. , Rosa Nathália M. P. , Costa Luiz Antônio S. , Almeida Iglesias Bernardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA classical methodology to design free‐basemeso‐tetra‐(1‐pyrenyl)porphyrin (H2TPyrP) and their corresponding metalloporphyrins containing Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(III), and Mn(III) was described. These porphyrins were characterized in terms of structure, photophysical, and interactions profile withcalf‐thymusdeoxyribonucleic acid (CT‐DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA).H2TPyrPexhibited five characteristic bands in the visible wavelength: Soret (432 nm) and Q‐bands (520–650 nm range), while the metalloporphyrins showed some spectrum shifts according to the nature of the ion, which were also explored by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φfl, ΦΔ, respectively) decreased with the presence of metal species in the porphyrin core. The porphyrins interact spontaneously via a ground‐state association in the minor groove of CT‐DNA following the increasing order of binding:CuTPyrP<H2TPyrP<CoTPyrP<MnTPyrP<NiTPyrP<ZnTPyrP, while for BSA the suitable complex geometry for Co(III) and Mn(III) complexes increased the binding capacity.
Illuminating past river incision, sediment source and pathways using luminescence signals of individual feldspar grains (Rangitikei River, New Zealand)
Authors: Guyez Anne , Bonnet Stéphane , Reimann Tony , Carretier Sébastien , Wallinga Jakob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle‐grain post‐infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (SG‐pIRIR) of feldspar has recently been introduced as a method to date Quaternary deposits. The method is particularly appropriate for fluvial deposits that cannot be dated by more conventional quartz optically stimulated luminescence dating and that are heterogeneously bleached (i.e. where only part of the grains is exposed to sufficient light to remove the full luminescence signal). Besides age estimation, single grain equivalent dose (De) distributions also reflect the variable bleaching degree and origins of grains. Thereby, the SG‐pIRIR signal offers a valuable tool to reconstruct sediment pathways. This study builds upon these ideas and develops a dual aspect that combined river terrace dating and SG‐pIRIR sediment pathway reconstruction for fluvial deposits in terraces and modern river floodplain along the Rangitikei River (RR), New Zealand. We found that the RR last aggrading phase (17.4 ± 1.9 ka to 11.6 ± 1.5 ka) was followed by a first phase of fast incision related to knickpoint retreat followed by a steady incision and widening of the RR canyon. TheDedistribution of fluvial deposits varies accordingly, due in particular to variable input of bedrock particles with saturated pIRIR signal from landsliding of valley flanks. Our study illustrates that the SG‐pIRIR approach is well suited to date terraces and shows how SG‐pIRIRDedistributions provide proxies to reconstruct sediment sources and pathways.
A deeply supervised maximum response texton basedSegNetfor simultaneous multi retinal lesion segmentation
Authors: Pappu Geetha Pavani , Krishna Talabhakthula , Biswal Birendra , Karn Prakash Kumar , Biswal Pradyut Kumar. , Hasan Shazia , Nayak Debasish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic mellitus complication that causes vision impairment and may lead to permanent blindness. The early signs of DR that appear on the retinal surface are microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and soft exudates. Hence the automatic detection of these retinal lesions assists in the early diagnosis of DR. This paper presents a novel deep learning model, MRT‐SegNet (Maximum Response Texton – Segmentation Network) for the automatic segmentation of different retinal lesions simultaneously along with the optic disc. In the proposed MRT‐SegNet, each encoder block consists of an MRT filter bank that extracts the textural feature maps of the retinal images and then fuses them with the local feature maps that are extracted from the traditional encoder block of the network. This fusion enables the network to segment the minute lesions from the retinal surface. The proposed model is evaluated on the IDRiD dataset and achieves a mean Area Under the Precision & Recall Curve (mAUC_PR) of 0.698 and AUC_PR scores of 0.495, 0.706, 0.823, 0.769 for microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and soft exudates respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the MRT‐SegNet outperformed other multi retinal lesion segmentation models by achieving superior performance.
A model for professional counselors to integrate multiculturalism and social justice into correctional settings
Authors: Rio Jennifer L. , Laux John M. , Clark Madeline , Walker Tanesha , Goodlin‐Fahncke Wendi , Heckman Lindsay , DelRe Jessica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model for how counselors integrate multicultural and social justice competency into their work with persons who have offended. A qualitative grounded theory tradition was used to generate an inductive theoretical model for integrating the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) into correctional settings. Participants (n = 16) were professional counselors recruited through counseling listservs and snowball sampling who work in prison, residential, jail, private practice, and community mental health settings. The findings revealed the need for ongoing training, multicultural and social justice awareness, and knowledge about structural barriers and systemic oppression.
Endogenous humoral determinants of vascular endothelial dysfunction as triggers of acute poisoning complications
Authors: Ivnitsky Jury Ju. , Schäfer Timur V. , Rejniuk Vladimir L. , Golovko Alexandr I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vascular endothelium is not only the semipermeable membrane that separates tissue from blood but also an organ that regulates inflammation, vascular tone, blood clotting, angiogenesis and synthesis of connective tissue proteins. It is susceptible to the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotics and to the acute hypoxia that accompanies acute poisoning. This damage is superimposed on the preformed state of the vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many humoral factors. The probability that an exogenous toxicant will cause life‐threatening dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, thereby complicating the course of acute poisoning, increases with an increase in the content of endogenous substances in the blood that disrupt endothelial function. These include ammonia, bacterial endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate,para‐cresyl sulfate, trimethylamineN‐oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, homocysteine, low‐density and very‐low‐density lipoproteins, free fatty acids and products of intravascular haemolysis. Some other endogenous substances (albumin, haptoglobin, haemopexin, biliverdin, bilirubin, tetrahydrobiopterin) or food‐derived compounds (ascorbic acid, rutin, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) reduce the risk of lethal vascular endothelial dysfunction. The individual variability of the content of these substances in the blood contributes to the stochasticity of the complications of acute poisoning and is a promising target for the risk reduction measures. Another feasible option may be the repositioning of drugs that affect the function of the vascular endothelium while being currently used for other indications.
A study of the moving rate of positive results for use in a patient‐based real‐time quality control program on a procalcitonin point‐of‐care testing analyzer
Authors: He Yili , Gu Daqing , Kong Xiangzhi , Feng Zhiqiang , Lin Weishang , Cai Yunfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish an applicable and highly sensitive patient‐based real‐time quality control (PBRTQC) program based on a data model constructed with patients’ results of a procalcitonin point‐of‐care testing (POCT) analyzer.MethodsPatients’ results were retrospectively collected within one year. The Excel software was used to establish quality control (QC) programs of the moving average (MA) and the moving rate of positive results (MR). A Monte Carlo simulation was used to introduce positive and negative biases between 0.01 and 1 ng/ml at random points of the testing data set. Different parameters were used to detect the biases, and the detection efficiency was expressed using the median number of patient samples affected until error detection (MNPed). After comparing the MNPeds of different programs, MA and MR programs with appropriate parameters were selected, and validation plots were generated using MNPeds and maximum number of the patient samples affected (MAX). β curves were generated using the power function of the programs, the performances were compared with that of the conventional QC program.ResultsNeither the conventional QC nor MA program was sensitive to small bias, While MR program can detect the minimum positive bias of 0.06 ng/ml and negative of 0.4 ng/ml at an average daily run size of 10 specimens, with FRs < 1.0%, βs < 1%.ConclusionThe MR program, which is more sensitive to small biases than conventional QC and MA programs, with low FR and β. As such, it can be used as a PBRTQC program with high performance.
Selective separation and recovery of vanadium from acid leaching solution of polymetallic black shale as function of aminophosphonic acid
Authors: Wang Luyao , Xue Nannan , Zhang Yimin , Zheng Qiushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcid leaching is an effective method to extract vanadium from polymetallic black shale. However, a large amount of metal impurities, especially iron and aluminum, which accompany V, are released during this process.RESULTSIn this study, a aminophosphonic acid chelating resin was used for the differential adsorption and desorption of vanadium, iron and aluminum ions to achieve deep separation and concentration of vanadium ions present in the acid leaching solution of polymetallic black shale. Results showed that vanadium adsorption efficiency reached 90.17% at a pH of 1.8. After differential adsorption and desorption, the V:Fe and V:Al concentration ratios increased from 1.84 to 64.53 and from 0.24 to 37.92, respectively. When a 2.5 mol L−1 NaOH solution was used as desorbent, the separation factors β(V/Fe) and β(V/Al) reached values of 694.22 and 452.29, realizing the selective separation and concentration of vanadium.CONCLUSIONIt was found that the vanadium, iron and aluminum ions were selectively adsorbed onto the phosphonic acid functional groups (PO(OH)2) and amino functional groups (NH). The vanadium ions existed in the form of the polyvanadate (), which can be directionally adsorbed onto PO(OH)2 under POH bond cleavage and coordination of to the unsaturated phosphorus atom and then desorbed through the exchange between hydroxide anions OH− and . The iron and aluminum ions cannot be desorbed by OH− because the iron and aluminum sulfate moieties and were capable of coordinating to the nitrogen atom of the NH group via its lone electron pair. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Machine learning to predict progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis
Authors: Ghandian Sina , Thapa Rahul , Garikipati Anurag , Barnes Gina , Green‐Saxena Abigail , Calvert Jacob , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) can progress to the severe subtype non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or fibrosis, which are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Current machine learning studies detect NASH; however, this study is unique in predicting the progression of NAFL patients to NASH or fibrosis.AimTo utilize clinical information from NAFL‐diagnosed patients to predict the likelihood of progression to NASH or fibrosis.MethodsData were collected from electronic health records of patients receiving a first‐time NAFL diagnosis. A gradient boosted machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) as well as logistic regression (LR) and multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) models were developed. A five‐fold cross‐validation grid search was utilized for hyperparameter optimization of variables, including maximum tree depth, learning rate, and number of estimators. Predictions of patients likely to progress to NASH or fibrosis within 4 years of initial NAFL diagnosis were made using demographic features, vital signs, and laboratory measurements.ResultsThe XGBoost algorithm achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values of 0.79 for prediction of progression to NASH and 0.87 for fibrosis on both hold‐out and external validation test sets. The XGBoost algorithm outperformed the LR and MLP models for both NASH and fibrosis prediction on all metrics.ConclusionIt is possible to accurately identify newly diagnosed NAFL patients at high risk of progression to NASH or fibrosis. Early identification of these patients may allow for increased clinical monitoring, more aggressive preventative measures to slow the progression of NAFL and fibrosis, and efficient clinical trial enrollment.