bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of submesoscale eddy-driven heat transport at an ice shelf calving front
Authors: Friedrichs Drew M. , McInerney Jasmin B. T. , Oldroyd Holly J. , Lee Won Sang , Yun Sukyoung , Yoon Seung-Tae , Stevens Craig L. , Zappa Christopher J. , Dow Christine F. , Mueller Derek , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Forrest Alexander L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntarctica’s ice shelves buttress the continent’s terrestrial ice, helping slow the loss of grounded ice into the ocean and limiting sea level rise. Ice-ocean interaction plays a critical role in ice shelf stability by driving basal melt rates. Consequently, improved prediction of the future state of ice shelves lies in understanding the coastal ocean mechanics that deliver heat to their cavities. Here, we present autonomous glider-based observations of a coherent structure at the calving front of a cold-water cavity ice shelf (Nansen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica). This ~10 km-wide eddy dominated the local ocean circulation in the austral summer of 2018/2019, promoting an upwelling of cold ice shelf water and a deepening of warm surface water. Microstructure turbulence measurements show a resulting maximum vertical heat transport of 10 W m−2 at depths equivalent to the ice shelf draft. Similar eddy-driven heat transport further into the ice shelf cavity would support enhanced summertime melt in regions of shallower ice draft.
A model predictive control strategy based on energy storage grid‐connected quasi‐z‐source inverters
Authors: Li Lixiong , Yang Tongguang , Yuan Yueyang , Cai Zhenhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe battery energy stored quasi‐Z‐source (BES‐qZS) based photovoltaic (PV) power generation system combines advantages of the qZS inverter and the battery energy storage (BES) system. To realize multi‐objective cooperative control, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the PV grid‐connected system based on an energy‐storage quasi‐Z source inverter (ES‐qZSI) is proposed. The energy storage battery is added to the traditional quasi‐Z source inverter (qZSI). The MPC strategy is adopted to realize maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery, and point of common coupling (PCC) tripartite energy control in a single‐stage conversion system. The discrete‐time model of ES‐qZSI is derived, and the cost function was constructed by using the system state variables. The PV power MPPT module, the battery power management module, and the PCC power module are designed to generate the reference signal of the prediction function. Finally, the proposed algorithm was validated by simulation. The theoretical analysis and simulation results were consistent.
Design of a stand‐alone 1000‐kW biogas power plant from codigestion of organic waste and microalgae grown in a tubular photo bioreactor at Bomaka‐Buea
Authors: Nchindia Fonge Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuea is connected to the south interconnected grid (SIG) of Cameroon. But the power supply is unreliable, not accessible to all and of very low quality. In addition, solid municipal waste generated in Buea is poorly collected by Hysacam and dumped at Musaka with no further valorization. There is an acute need to improve on the quantity, reliability and quality of the power supplied to inhabitants of Buea as well as to improve on the environmental management system of the town. In this study a project is proposed to design a stand‐alone 1000‐kW biogas power plant from the codigestion of organic fraction of solid municipal waste with microalgae (Chorella Sorokiniana) grown in tubular photo bioreactor (PBR) in Bomaka‐Buea. As far as electrical energy production is concerned, the aforementioned anaerobic biological treatment unit will produce almost 9311.88 MWh/y. Assuming an average electricity consumption of 3 to 4 MWh/y/household the annual produced electrical energy from the anaerobic digestion (AD) unit could supply almost 3000 to 4000 households in the Municipality of Buea. So by treating the 39% of annual organic waste produced in Buea it can cover between 31.3% and 31.8% of Buea municipality's electrical energy demand. With a levellized cost of electricity at 0.265 $/kW and a net present value of 25.3million dollars if this energy is sold to the national grid then the annual profit of energy production will be around $4,188,888/y (assuming a selling price of 0.36 $/kWh) that is valid now in Cameroon.
Optimal communication‐aided protection of meshed smart grids considering stability constraints of distributed generations incorporating optimal selection of relay characteristics
Authors: Aghaei Hamidreza , Hashemi‐Dezaki Hamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe optimized protective systems for smart grids and microgrids have received much attention in recent years. However, besides other selectivity constraints, less attention has been paid to synchronous generators’ stability concerns. The stability challenges are intensified in meshed grids compared to radial configurations. The literature review shows that a knowledge gap exists in introducing a communication‐aided protective scheme for meshed smart grids, considering the stability constraints. This study tries to fill such a research gap by proposing an optimal protection system using the communication links between directional overcurrent relays on both sides of protection zones/distribution lines. Assigning the optimum standard characteristics to protective relays is another contribution. The introduced study is applied to the distribution portion of the IEEE 30‐bus test system. The proposed method is implemented in DIgSILENT and MATLAB to perform the power system simulations and solve the optimization problem. The comparative test results infer that the proposed communication‐aided scheme results in a 49.57% improvement in speed of the protection system, while there is no stability constraint violation compared to conventional communication‐free schemes. Test results highlight the advantages of this research to meet the stability constraints of distributed generations and selectivity constraints simultaneously.
Impacts of integration of very large‐scale photovoltaic power plants on rotor angle and frequency stability of power system
Authors: Rezaei Javad , Golshan Mohamad Esmail Hamedani , Alhelou Hassan Haes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increase in penetration of large‐scale renewable generation significantly affects power system characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to assess the steady state and dynamic performance of a power system for different installing scenarios of renewable power plants such as photovoltaic (PV) ones. The paper specifically investigates the impacts of very large‐scale photovoltaic (VLS‐PV) generation on the power system dynamic performance including rotor‐angle and frequency stabilities. For this purpose, a detailed equivalent dynamic model for a multi‐unit VLS‐PV system and corresponding controllers are developed. The paper also proposes a comprehensive set of replacement scenarios comprising different PV penetration, location, and voltage control strategies as well as simulating various large disturbances. To investigate the impacts of VLS‐PV generation on dynamic system performance, a study framework for frequency and rotor‐angle stability involving the modal and transient analysis is presented as well. By using the VLS‐PV detailed model along with other dynamic components of a power system such as synchronous generators, automatic voltage regulators (AVRs), and governors, the stabilities studying instructions are employed for the IEEE 39‐bus and 118‐bus test systems.
Important stellar perturbers found during the StePPeD database update based on Gaia EDR3 data
Authors: Dybczyński Piotr A. , Berski Filip , Tokarek Jakub , Podlewska-Gaca Edyta , Langner Krzysztof , Bartczak Przemysław 
Published: June 2022

Context. In 2020, the initial version of the Stellar Potential Perturbers Database (StePPeD) was presented with the aim to deliver up-to-date information on the stars and stellar systems that may perturb a long-period comet motion. We used the minimal distance between a star and the Sun as a selecting tool when compiling a list of interesting objects with close encounters with the Solar System, and our selection for that study was based on Gαiα DR2 data.
Aims. When the Gaia EDR3 data release was published, it became necessary to update this database. Additionally, we performed Monte Carlo simulations to obtain uncertainties on the parameters of the closest approach to the Sun of each object.
Methods. We recalculated the close approach parameters of all stars in the previous StePPeD release, which resulted in removing approximately one-third of the total. Then we searched for new candidates in the whole Gaia EDR3 catalogue. We also take into account the duplicity of the found stars and additionally searched for double stars passing near the Sun which had been overlooked in previous papers. We also found the necessary mass estimates for new objects and updated this information for previously selected stars.
Results. After a careful checking of all the collected data, we composed a new list of 155 potential stellar perturbers of the long-period comet motion. We applied a new threshold of 2 pc for the minimum star-Sun distance. This list consists of 146 single stars and nine multiple systems. For each object, we also estimated the uncertainty of the parameters of their closest approach to the Sun. Among these stars, we found a new potential strong past perturber, HD 7977, and confirmed the plausibility of a similar action on the part of Gliese 710 in the future.
Diagnose und Therapie der Lyme-Borreliose – alles unklar, alles schlecht?
Authors: Fingerle Volker , Sing Andreas 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie durch wenigstens fünf Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi-Arten verursachte Lyme-Borreliose ist die häufigste durch Zecken übertragene Erkrankung in Europa und den USA. Die nur bei entsprechenden Symptomen indizierte mikrobiologische Diagnostik basiert auf dem Nachweis spezifischer Antikörper aus Serum und ggf. Liquor. Nur bei unklaren Fällen sollen PCR und Anzucht aus Hautbiopsie, Liquor oder Gelenkpunktat eingesetzt werden. Für die orale Therapie stehen Amoxicillin, Doxycyclin, Cefuroxim und Azithromycin zur Verfügung, für die i. v. Therapie Cefotaxim, Ceftriaxon und Penicillin G. Eingesetztes Antibiotikum und Dauer der Therapie – 10–30 Tage – orientieren sich an der Manifestation, Schwere der Erkrankung und individueller Verträglichkeit. Die Prognose der therapierten Lyme-Borreliose ist insgesamt als gut einzuschätzen, Defektheilungen sind selbst nach länger bestehenden Erkrankungen im Kindesalter selten.
Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiotherapy (SMART) with Dysphagia Aspiration-Related Structures (DARS) Sparing: Do We Have a Role for Dose Condensation in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Valuvil Nithin Bhaskar , Vishwanath Lokesh 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Concurrent chemotherapy integrated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Simultaneous integrated boost technique has allowed differential doses to primary and normal structures permitting significant toxicity reduction. The current study explores the feasibility of the simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) technique to enhance cytoreduction and explore the possibility of dose intensification with radiobiologically targeted treatment condensation.
Methods Thirty patients were randomized in an open-labeled study to receive concurrent chemoradiation of 60 Gy in 25 fractions with “SMART” technique or 70 Gy in 35 fractions using conventional intensity-modulated radiotherapy simultaneous integrated boost “IMRT SIB.” The primary endpoints included comparative volumetric cytoreduction between the study and control arm assessed during the course of treatment and final response evaluation. Secondary endpoints involved the assessment of acute toxicity parameters for xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia, and fatigue.
Results The “SMART” study arm showed comparable volumetric cytoreduction to the conventional “IMRT SIB” arm at midtreatment (p-value = 0.225) as well as toward completion (p-value = 0.476). The study arm did observe 94.4% cytoreduction of tumor volume compared with 88.05% in the conventional arm at the time of response evaluation. In spite of treatment condensation, there was no significant increase in toxicity with “SMART.” There was no difference in the frequency or duration of grade 3 mucositis in the “SMART” arm in spite of intensification (p-value = 0.728). In the “SMART” arm, there was a favorable reduction in the duration of grade ⅔ dysphagia; 2.8 weeks versus 4.6 weeks (p-value = 0.002). Even though the xerostomia was comparable in frequency and intensity, the total duration of xerostomia was 50% less (p-value = 0.001).
Conclusions The “SMART” technique provides a radiobiologically sound, effective, and safe protocol that has the potential to improve the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer. The good tolerability and toxicity profile in the study arm is encouraging and facilitates further research.
Disseminated Staphylococcal Disease Complicated with Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm and Cerebral Infarcts—A Rare Presentation in a Malnourished Child
Authors: Das Suman , Ray Biman Kanti , Chakraborty Uddalak , Kabiraj Sujoy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 2.5-year-old girl child patient with moderate malnutrition presented with right forehead abscess followed by ipsilateral orbital cellulitis. She also developed a left hydropneumothorax within a week. Subsequently she had left focal onset seizures with secondary generalized status epilepticus followed by development of left hemiparesis. Neuroimaging showed infarcts of varying ages in the right cerebral hemisphere and basal ganglia. Angiography revealed right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Blood and pus cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Investigations for immunodeficiency were negative. The patient received vancomycin intravenously for 6 weeks and intercostal tube drainage for hydropneumothorax. She was discharged with an antiepileptic drug and aspirin. There was complete resolution of the orbital cellulitis and hydropneumothorax and also the pseudoaneurysm on follow-up angiography 3 months later.
“Co-construction” in deliberative democracy: lessons from the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate
Authors: Giraudet Louis-Gaëtan , Apouey Bénédicte , Arab Hazem , Baeckelandt Simon , Bégout Philippe , Berghmans Nicolas , Blanc Nathalie , Boulin Jean-Yves , Buge Eric , Courant Dimitri , Dahan Amy , Fabre Adrien , Fourniau Jean-Michel , Gaborit Maxime , Granchamp Laurence , Guillemot Hélène , Jeanpierre Laurent , Landemore Hélène , Laslier Jean-François , Macé Antonin , Mellier Claire , Mounier Sylvain , Pénigaud Théophile , Póvoas Ana , Rafidinarivo Christiane , Reber Bernard , Rozencwajg Romane , Stamenkovic Philippe , Tilikete Selma , Tournus Solène 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaunched in 2019, the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate (CCC) tasked 150 randomly chosen citizens with proposing fair and effective measures to fight climate change. This was to be fulfilled through an “innovative co-construction procedure”, involving some unspecified external input alongside that from the citizens. Did inputs from the steering bodies undermine the citizens’ accountability for the output? Did co-construction help the output resonate with the general public, as is expected from a citizens’ assembly? To answer these questions, we build on our unique experience in observing the CCC proceedings and documenting them with qualitative and quantitative data. We find that the steering bodies’ input, albeit significant, did not impair the citizens’ agency, creativity, and freedom of choice. While succeeding in creating consensus among the citizens who were involved, this co-constructive approach, however, failed to generate significant support among the broader public. These results call for a strengthening of the commitment structure that determines how follow-up on the proposals from a citizens’ assembly should be conducted.
Study of electron impact elastic scattering from Kr@C60 and Xe@C60 using a fully relativistic approach
Authors: Mahato Dibyendu , Sharma Lalita , Baral Saumyashree , Saha Subhasish , Jose Jobin , Srivastava Rajesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work, a detailed study has been reported on electron impact elastic scattering from krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) atoms when confined in two different types of C60 potentials viz (a) hard annular square well (ASW) and (b) diffused Gaussian annular square well (GASW). The Dirac equations are solved using these potentials for encaged Kr and Xe in C60. First, bound state Dirac–Fock wave functions of these encaged Kr and Xe atoms are found by utilizing modified general relativistic atomic structure package and thereafter, the charge densities and static potentials of the endohedral Kr@C60 and Xe@C60 are obtained. Further, using these, the Dirac equations are solved by the relativistic partial wave phase shift analysis method and the scattering amplitudes in terms of phase shifts are obtained. Thereafter, the electron elastic differential and integrated cross sections of Kr@C60 and Xe@C60 along with the C60 are calculated in the range of 0.1–15 eV incident electron energies. Presently, no experimental and theoretical results are available to compare our electron scattering cross section results from Kr@C60 and Xe@C60; thus, we have shown the cross section results obtained from ASW and GASW potential and compared them.
Catalyst-free production of ammonia by means of interaction between a gliding arc plasma and water surface
Authors: Indumathy B , Ananthanarasimhan J , Rao Lakshminarayana , Yugeswaran S , Ananthapadmanabhan P V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work reports a study on using a gliding arc plasma reactor to produce ammonia from nitrogen plasma and a water medium without using a catalyst. During the gliding arc plasma discharge, a plasma plume was formed, and vibrational and rotational excitation was observed at the tip of the plasma plume that touched the water below. This arrangement helped the formation of ammonia. The ammonia concentration was 2.12–5.69 ppm, and its production rate varied in the range of 0.63–0.68 mg h−1, having energy efficiency in the range of 0.0249–0.0268 g-NH3 kWh−1, depending on the plasma exposure time. The vibrational temperature increased from 2632 K (near the gas entry zone) to 3778 K (at the tip of the plasma plume interacting with the water), corroborated by the enhanced distribution of electron energy for vibration excitation (≈24%), compared to that for electronic excitation (≈0.03%). The electron temperature dropped from 1.38 eV to 0.76 eV at the plasma zone interacting with the water. This work demonstrates the application of gliding arc plasmas to generate eco-friendly ammonia (green ammonia), and the reactor proves to be promising for further optimization in the future.
Low-profile linear polarization conversion metasurfaces using degenerate modes for high selectivity
Authors: Du Junsa , Deng Lianwen , Qiu Leilei , Tang Chao , Li Chen , Li Yuhan , Gao Xiaohui , Huang Shengxiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, two ultrathin polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs) were designedfor linear polarization of electromagnetic waves. A method of controlling degenerate modes was applied for enhanced selectivity. The surface resonator is a square patch etched with orthogonal cross-slots. Adjustment of the cross-slot size is beneficial as it introduces a perturbation factor and controls the splitting of the degenerate modes. The constructed dual-mode single-band and four-mode dual-band PCMs with different pairs of degenerate modes can efficiently reflect linear polarized waves to the orthogonal polarization counterpart in the range of 5.89–6.4 GHz and 5.88–6.30 GHz/8.19–8.59 GHz, respectively. Current distribution and an equivalent circuit model were studied to reveal the polarization conversion mechanism. Finally, experiments were implemented to verify the near unity cross-polarization conversion efficiency at the corresponding bands. Given the PCM’s advanced performance of low profile and high selectivity, it has great potential applications in controlling the polarization state of microwaves.
Methodologies for model parameterization of virtual CTs for measurement uncertainty estimation
Authors: Binder Felix , Bircher Benjamin A , Laquai René , Küng Alain , Bellon Carsten , Meli Felix , Deresch Andreas , Neuschaefer-Rube Ulrich , Hausotte Tino 
Published: June 2022

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a fast-growing technology for dimensional measurements in industrial applications. However, traceable and efficient methods to determine measurement uncertainties are not available. Guidelines like the VDI/VDE 2630 Part 2.1 suggest at least 20 repetitions of a specific measurement task, which is not feasible for industrial standards. Simulation-based approaches to determine task specific measurement uncertainties are promising, but require closely adjusted model parameters and an integration of error sources like geometrical deviations during a measurement. Unfortunately, the development of an automated process to parameterize and integrate geometrical deviations into XCT models is still an open issue. In this work, the whole processing chain of dimensional XCT measurements is taken into account with focus on the issues and requirements to determine suitable parameters of geometrical deviations. Starting off with baseline simulations of different XCT systems, two approaches are investigated to determine and integrate geometrical deviations of reference measurements. The first approach tries to iteratively estimate geometric deviation parameter values to match the characteristics of the missing error sources. The second approach estimates those values based on radiographs of a known calibrated reference object. In contrast to prior work both approaches only use a condensed set of parameters to map geometric deviations. In case of the iterative approach, some major issues regarding unhandled directional dependencies have been identified and discussed. Whereas the radiographic method resulted in task specific expanded measurements uncertainties below one micrometre even for bi-directional features, which is a step closer towards a true digital twin for uncertainty estimations in dimensional XCT.
A novel resistivity measurement method for a homogeneous cylinder shape based on the vdP configuration
Authors: Ma Deliang , Chen Mengfei , Xie Yifei , Feng Huaiping , Chang Jianmei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electrical resistivity method for a cylinder shape is an essential method for reflecting physical properties. However, the use of a nondestructive resistivity method with the circumferential cross-section arrangement for working components remains challenging. This paper provides a simple novel resistivity method for a cylinder shape based on the van der Pauw configuration, with four electrodes placed near the middle cross-section layer of shape. First, the theoretical solution formulae for the electrostatic potential function in the cylindrical coordinate system are derived. Then, the effect of the electrode and shape size is analysed. The results show that the electrode height is less than 1% of the cylinder height and the radian angle is less than 10°, where the electrode size effect on the correction factor (CF) can be ignored, and CF rarely depends on the cylinder shape. Finally, a prototype is designed, and the proposed method is verified in laboratory tests using geomaterials. The performance of the proposed method for fine soil at high moisture contents is found to be better than that at low moisture contents.