bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing attitudes about the impact of women's employment on families: The COVID‐19 pandemic effect
Authors: Vandecasteele Leen , Ivanova Katya , Sieben Inge , Reeskens Tim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use representative longitudinal panel data from the Dutch European Values Survey (EVS) to study whether the COVID‐19 pandemic shifted opinions about how a woman's full‐time employment impacts family life. The data was collected before the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2017 and in May 2020. The analysis focuses on groups whose unpaid and paid work situation changed abruptly with the COVID‐19 pandemic: parents with coresident children, and those who experienced a change in paid workload that clashes with traditional gender role expectations, namely women whose workload increased and men whose workload decreased or who stopped working. We found that groups that faced an abrupt change in their paid and unpaid work routines that clashed with their previously held gender attitude changed their gender attitude in alignment with the new paid or unpaid work situation. For women in couple households with children, this meant that they saw a halt in their progression toward gender egalitarian attitudes. For those who experienced a change in paid workload that clashes with traditional gender role norms, it meant stronger progression toward gender egalitarian attitudes. The results are interpreted on the basis of cognitive dissonance theory and exposure theory and placed in the context of previous findings.
Refugee life, refugee space: Ankara as a bottom‐up alternative
Authors: Dell Allan Cooper 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring research conducted in the summer of 2020, I observed the advanced marginality of the refugees in Ankara, Turkey. While some authors have examined this precarity, and some others have examined how refugees have begun to live in a spatially distinct section of certain cities, the combination of these two phenomena demands further investigation. If the underpinning truly is spatial as claimed by Lefebvre (The production of space. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1991), then the precarious subject and the precarious space co‐produce each other. What this paper intends to do is to combine space and precarity using the observations of Wacquant (Urban poverty and the underclass: a reader. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1996, Urban Studies, 2016, 53, 1077) in his various analyses on the ghetto in France and the United States. In Wacquant's work, we can begin to see a spatial conception of precarity, and we can further extend this to the point that as space is a production and its subjects are also a co‐constitution of that space. Nevertheless, Sampson (Ethnic & Racial Studies, 2014, 37, 1732) points out a certain state centrism in Wacquant's analysis. Building upon this, as well as the work of Roy (International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2011, 35, 223 and Territories of poverty: rethinking north and south. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2015), we can offer the refugee neighbourhood in Ankara as an example of “bottom‐up” agency, alternative to Wacquant's original state‐centric analysis. In the course of this paper, this possibility of a “bottom‐up” refugee solidarity and related refugee space will be analysed.
Understanding how general practice nurses support adult lifestyle risk reduction: An integrative review
Authors: Morris Maksi , Halcomb Elizabeth , Mansourian Yazdan , Bernoth Maree 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo review the literature exploring how general practice nurses support lifestyle risk reduction.DesignIntegrative literature review.SourcesCINAHL, Emcare, MEDLINE, Proquest and Scopus were searched for peer‐reviewed primary research published in English from 2010 to 2022.MethodsSixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were extracted and thematically analysed.ResultsFour themes described general practice nurses: (1) Establishing relational connections; (2) Empowering active participation; (3) Engaging mutual motivation and (4) Enabling confident action. General practice nurses used complex interpersonal, risk communication and health coaching skills to build collaborative partnerships that supported patients' self‐determination and self‐efficacy. While mutual motivation and confidence were reciprocally enabling, gaps in skills, experience and knowledge plus time, resource and role constraints limited general practice nurses' ability to support lifestyle risk reduction.ConclusionGeneral practice nurses play a key role in lifestyle risk reduction. Ongoing education, funding, organizational and professional support are needed to enhance their commitment, confidence and capacity.Impact

What problem did the study address?

While general practice nurses play a key role in health promotion and risk reduction, their potential is yet to be fully realized. Research examining methods by which nurses working in general practice support lifestyle risk reduction is limited.

What were the main findings?

Successful interactions depended on personal, professional, organisational and systemic factors which either enhanced or inhibited relational quality, shared decision‐making, mutual commitment, and nurses' confidence and capacity to address lifestyle risks. Targeted professional development and peer mentoring are needed to build proficient practice.

Where and on whom will the research have impact?

Understanding how general practice nurses support risk reduction can inform policy and identify training and support needs to advance their skills and role. Research exploring synergies between themes may illuminate this process.
Using machine learning to improve diagnostic assessment of ASD in the light of specific differential and co‐occurring diagnoses
Authors: Schulte‐Rüther Martin , Kulvicius Tomas , Stroth Sanna , Wolff Nicole , Roessner Veit , Marschik Peter B. , Kamp‐Becker Inge , Poustka Luise 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDiagnostic assessment of ASD requires substantial clinical experience and is particularly difficult in the context of other disorders with behavioral symptoms in the domain of social interaction and communication. Observation measures such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) do not take into account such co‐occurring disorders.MethodWe used a well‐characterized clinical sample of individuals (n = 1,251) that had received detailed outpatient evaluation for the presence of an ASD diagnosis (n = 481) and covered a range of additional overlapping diagnoses, including anxiety‐related disorders (ANX, n = 122), ADHD (n = 439), and conduct disorder (CD, n = 194). We focused on ADOS module 3, covering the age range with particular high prevalence of such differential diagnoses. We used machine learning (ML) and trained random forest models on ADOS single item scores to predict a clinical best‐estimate diagnosis of ASD in the context of these differential diagnoses (ASD vs. ANX, ASD vs. ADHD, ASD vs. CD), in the context of co‐occurring ADHD, and an unspecific model using all available data. We employed nested cross‐validation for an unbiased estimate of classification performance and made available a Webapp to showcase the results and feasibility for translation into clinical practice.ResultsWe obtained very good overall sensitivity (0.89–0.94) and specificity (0.87–0.89). In particular for individuals with less severe symptoms, our models showed increases of up to 35% in sensitivity or specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed item importance profiles of the ANX, ADHD, and CD models in comparison with the unspecific model revealing distinct patterns of importance for specific ADOS items with respect to differential diagnoses.ConclusionsML‐based diagnostic classification may improve clinical decisions by utilizing the full range of information from detailed diagnostic observation instruments such as the ADOS. Importantly, this strategy might be of particular relevance for older children with less severe symptoms for whom the diagnostic decision is often particularly difficult.
Development of a reporting guideline for systematic reviews of animal experiments in the field of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhao Bing , Hu Kaiyan , Zeng Xiantao , Kwong J.S.W , Li Bo , Chen Hao , Tian Guoxiang , Xiong Jun , Li Zhaoxia , Niu Junqiang , Jiao Mingyue , Yang Jinwei , Ding Fengxing , Liu Chen , Du Liang , Zhang Junhua , Ma Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, there are several systematic reviews published on animal experiments of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis) guidelines provide a guarantee for significantly improving the reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analysis (MAs) to a certain extent; however, there are still certain defects found in the quality of SRs/MAs of animal experiments of TCM. It has been found that especially, the descriptions of the rationale and animal characteristics of TCM interventions are inadequate. As a result, we have developed a novel reporting guideline for SRs/MAs of animal experimental in the field of TCM (PRISMA‐ATCM) to overcome these problems.MethodsPRISMA‐ATCM reporting guidelines were formed by analyzing both the status and quality of published SRs/MAs of animal experiments and consulting experts in the related fields, and then by Delphi consultation, consensus meeting and revision.ResultsAmong the 27 items on the PRISMA checklist, Title (1), Structured summary (2), Rationale (3), Objectives (4), Protocol and registration (5), Eligibility criteria (6), Data items (11), Planned methods of analysis (14), Study characteristics (18), Summary of evidence (24), Limitations (25), and Funding (27) have been extensively revised and expanded, to specifically include the details about TCM intervention and animal characteristics. In addition, illustrative examples and explanations have been provided for each item.ConclusionPRISMA‐ATCM could markedly improve the quality SRs/MAs of animal experiments in the field of TCM.
Nutritional screening in a cancer prehabilitation programme: A cohort study
Authors: Burden Sorrel T. , Bibby Neil , Donald Kirsty , Owen Kellie , Rowlinson‐Groves Kirsty , French Chloe , Gillespie Loraine , Murphy Jack , Hurst Sarah Jayne , Mentha Robert , Baguley Karly , Rowlands Ash , McEwan Karen , Merchant Zoe , Moore John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients are often malnourished pre‐operatively. The present study aimed to establish whether current screening was appropriate for use in prehabilitation and investigate any association between nutritional risk, functionality and quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis cohort study used routinely collected data from September 2020 to August 2021 from patients in a Prehab4cancer programme. Included patients were aged ≥ 18 years, had colorectal, lung or oesophago‐gastric cancer and were scheduled for surgery. Nutritional assessment included Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) Short‐Form and QoL with a sit‐to‐stand test. Association between nutritional risk and outcomes was analysed using adjusted logistic regression.ResultsFrom 928 patients referred to Prehab4Cancer service over 12 months, data on nutritional risk were collected from 526 patients. Pre‐operatively, 233 out of 526 (44%) patients were at nutritional risk (score ≥ 2). During prehabilitation, 31% of patients improved their PG‐SGA and 74% of patients maintained or improved their weight. Odds ratios (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) showed that patients with better QoL using EuroQol‐5 Dimensions (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.45, p = 0.01), EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.00, p = 0.04) or sit‐to‐stand (OR = 0.96, 95% 0.93, 1.00, p = 0.04) were less likely to be nutritional at risk.ConclusionsAlmost half of patients in Prehab4Cancer programme assessed using PG‐SGA were at risk of malnutrition. However, almost half of the sample did not have their risk assessed. Patients at risk of malnutrition were more likely to have a poorer QoL and sit‐to‐stand test than those who were not at risk.
ERF4 interacts with and antagonizes TCP15 in regulating endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ding An‐Ming , Xu Chuan‐Tao , Xie Qiang , Zhang Ming‐Jin , Yan Ning , Dai Chang‐Bo , Lv Jing , Cui Meng‐Meng , Wang Wei‐Feng , Sun Yu‐He 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTEndoreduplication is prevalent during plant growth and development, and is often correlated with large cell and organ size. Despite its prevalence, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying the transition from mitotic cell division to endoreduplication remain elusive. Here, we characterize ETHYLENE‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 4 (ERF4) as a positive regulator of endoreduplication through its function as a transcriptional repressor. ERF4 was specifically expressed in mature tissues in which the cells were undergoing expansion, but was rarely expressed in young organs. Plants overexpressing ERF4 exhibited much larger cells and organs, while plants that lacked functional ERF4 displayed smaller organs than the wild‐type. ERF4 was further shown to regulate cell size by controlling the endopolyploidy level in the nuclei. Moreover, ERF4 physically associates with the class I TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) protein TCP15, a transcription factor that inhibits endoreduplication by activating the expression of a key cell‐cycle gene, CYCLIN A2;3 (CYCA2;3). A molecular and genetic analysis revealed that ERF4 promotes endoreduplication by directly suppressing the expression of CYCA2;3. Together, this study demonstrates that ERF4 and TCP15 function as a module to antagonistically regulate each other's activity in regulating downstream genes, thereby controlling the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to endoreduplication during leaf development. These findings expand our understanding of how the control of the cell cycle is fine‐tuned by an ERF4–TCP15 transcriptional complex.
Nurse leaders' perceptions of workload and task distribution in public healthcare: A qualitative explorative study
Authors: Miller Mikaela , Hemberg Jessica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnreasonable workload and work‐related stress can reduce nurse leaders' job satisfaction and productivity and can increase absence and burnout. Nurse leaders' workload in public healthcare settings is relatively unresearched.The AimThe aim of this study was to investigate nurse leaders' perceptions of workload and task distribution with relation to leading work tasks in public healthcare.Research Design, Participants and Research ContextA qualitative explorative design was used. The data material consisted of texts from interviews with nurse leaders in public healthcare (N = 8). The method was inspired by content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used.Ethical considerationsInformed consent was sought from the participants regarding study participation and the storage and handling of data for research purposes.FindingsSix main themes were found: Increased and unreasonable workload, Length of work experience as nurse leader affects perception of workload, Number of staff and staff characteristics affect perception of workload, Versatile and flexible task distribution, Working overtime as a way of managing high workload and Insufficient time for leadership mission.ConclusionThe workload for nurse leaders in a public healthcare setting was perceived to be unreasonable. Common measures for managing high workload included working overtime, delegating work tasks and organising more staff resources in the form of additional staff. How nurse leaders perceive their workload was linked to both the number of staff and staff characteristics. These should both be considered equally important when determining staff levels and measuring nurse leaders' workload. Future research should focus on investigating workload and task distribution from nurses' perspectives.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThrough this study, greater understanding of workload and the diverse work of nurse leaders in a public healthcare setting has been revealed, which can be used to further develop the framework for nurse leaders' work.
Why do insurers fail? A comparison of life and nonlife insurance companies from an international database
Authors: de Bandt Olivier , Overton George 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper tests the claim that insurers often engage in risk‐shifting years before the materialization of a failure. It compares the mechanisms of insurance insolvency across different jurisdictions, using a first‐of‐its‐kind international database assembled by the authors, merging individual financial data together with information on impairments over the last 30 years in four of the largest insurance markets in the world (France, Japan, the UK, and the United States). Results show evidence that low profitability is a leading indicator of failures. Further, there is an asymmetry between life insurance, where bond investment is highly significant, and nonlife insurance sectors, where operating inefficiency plays a larger role. Moreover, this paper highlights differences across countries: a stronger reaction to operating inefficiency in nonlife insurance in France and a less positive impact of bond investment in life insurance in Japan. Both results are linked to differences in the functioning of insurance markets.
Parental perceptions on the impact of visiting restrictions during COVID‐19 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Broom Margaret , Cochrane Tim , Cruickshank Debbora , Carlisle Hazel 
Published: July 2022

AimDuring the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), visiting guidelines in neonatal units changed to maintain the health and safety of staff, neonates, and families. In the neonatal intensive care unit/special care nursery (NICU/SCN), restrictions were placed on parental contact and extended family excluded. Our team was interested in evaluating the effect of these restrictions on parental stress and discharge confidence.MethodsA prospective descriptive study utilising survey methodology was undertaken. The survey was developed and previously used by the NICU research group to evaluate parental knowledge and understanding, parental role, communication, and parental stress (admission/discharge). We have also included a section regarding COVID19 visiting restrictions (ETH.2020.LRE.00124). The survey used a five‐level Likert scale. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS version 21.ResultsNotably, 33 surveys were returned. Results showed visiting restrictions reduced social contact between partners 26/33 (84%), with their other children 14/16 (87.5%) and extended family 28/33 (84.8%). Parents indicated that they had high levels of confidence in understanding their babies' medical needs (78–93%) and gaining hands‐on experience caring for their baby (87–100%). However, 11/33 (33%) of parents reported concerns with discharge processes and gaining consistent information as challenges during their baby's admission. Notably, 17/33 (51.5) stated their NICU/SCN experience had been very to extremely stressful. Parents openly described how the restrictions had affected their mental/emotional health identifying the need to treat parents as one unit, and a gap in the psychological support available for families.ConclusionSupport services and consistency of communication with NICU/SCN families need to be enhanced and prioritised during periods of restrictions, especially peri‐discharge.
Non‐base compensation and the gender pay gap
Authors: Hirsch Boris , Lentge Philipp 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates whether non‐base compensation contributes to the gender pay gap (GPG). Using administrative data from Germany, we find in wage decompositions that lower bonus payments to women explain about 10 per cent of the gap at the mean and at different quantiles of the unconditional wage distribution whereas the lower prevalence of shift premia and overtime pay among women is unimportant. Among managers, the contribution of bonuses to the mean gap more than doubles and is steadily rising as one moves up the wage distribution. Our findings suggest that gender differences in bonuses are an important contributor to the GPG, particularly in top jobs.
Distress factors of voice‐hearing in young people and social relating: Exploring a cognitive‐interpersonal voice‐hearing model
Authors: Rammou Aikaterini , Berry Clio , Fowler David , Hayward Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about the factors that can maintain the distress related to voice‐hearing experiences in youth. Building upon understandings developed with adults, this study aimed to explore the associations between negative relating between hearer and voices, persecutory beliefs about voices and voice‐related distress in a clinical sample of adolescents. The study also aimed to investigate associations between relating to voices and wider patterns of social relating.DesignThis was an observational, cross‐sectional, survey study.MethodsThirty‐four young people (age 14–18 years) who were hearing voices completed measures about voices (characteristics, relating and beliefs) and relating to social others (negative relating styles, social connectedness and belongingness). Participants were patients of NHS mental health services. Bivariate correlations explored associations between relating to voices and distress, beliefs about voices and distress, and between relating to voices and social relating variables.ResultsPerceiving the voices as dominant, intrusive, and persecutory and resisting them was significantly associated with distress. Adjusting for loudness and negative content rendered the association between persecutory beliefs and distress non‐significant. Fear of separation and of being alone in relation to social others was associated with distancing from voices. Being suspicious, uncommunicative and self‐reliant and/or being sadistic and intimidating towards social others was significantly associated with dependence towards the voices. Greater hearer‐to‐voice dependence was associated with lower perceived social belongingness and connectedness.ConclusionsBeliefs about voices being persecutory, dominant, intrusive and resisting voices seem to be significant contributors of distress in young people. In terms of proximity and power, relating to voices and social others appears to be contrasting.
Piping-Flexibility Analysis
Authors: Markl A. R. C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A steadily expanding literature bears testimony to the growing recognition of the importance of the problem of providing flexibility in piping and to the many difficulties besetting efforts at establishing a simple rational approach for its solution. This paper aims to outline the various phases of the problem, with particular emphasis on the phenomena of plastic flow and fatigue which distinguish the behavior of piping systems under thermal expansion from the ordinary room-temperature steady-state structural problem and lead to the concept of a limiting-stress range rather than an allowable stress as the criterion of the adequacy of a layout. In treating his subject, the author has sought to present the consensus of the Task Force on Flexibility charged with reformulating Chapter 3 of Section 6 of the Code for Pressure Piping. Their Proposed Rules are included as a focal point on which it is hoped broad discussion will center.