bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of milrinone on the meiosis resumption and cytoplasm maturation of buffalo oocytes
Authors: Bian Guihua , Shi Wen , Duan Linwei , Zhu Yungan , Shafique Laiba , Liu Qingyou , Shi Deshun , Xiao Wenhua 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBuffalo has many excellent economic traits and it is one of the greatest potential livestock. Compared with cattle, buffalo has poorer reproductivity, it is of great significance to improve the development potential of oocytes. Buffalo oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) has been widely used in production, but the poor development ability of bovine oocytes IVM limits the development of buffalo reproductivity. Milrinone as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor could affect the maturation of oocytes in goat and mice, but there have been few reported studies in water buffalo. To optimize buffalo oocyte in vitro maturation systems, the effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitor (milrinone) on pre-maturation culture of buffalo oocytes were investigated in this study. Buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in medium with different concentrations (0, 12, 25, 50 and 100 mol/l) of milrinone for different times (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 22 and 24 h). The results showed that the buffalo COCs nuclear maturation process could be inhibited by milrinone (25–100 mol/l) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of milrinone on in vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes did not decrease with the extension of time. This indicated that milrinone can be used as a nuclear maturation inhibitor during the maturation process in buffalo oocytes. In addition, milrinone can inhibit the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced IVM of buffalo oocytes, but with time FSH partially eliminated the inhibition. Therefore, inhibition of milrinone on the nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes was reversible, and buffalo oocytes can mature normally after the inhibition is lessened.
CATEGORICAL AND K-THEORETIC HALL ALGEBRAS FOR QUIVERS WITH POTENTIAL
Authors: Pădurariu Tudor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven a quiver with potential
$(Q,W)$
, Kontsevich–Soibelman constructed a cohomological Hall algebra (CoHA) on the critical cohomology of the stack of representations of
$(Q,W)$
. Special cases of this construction are related to work of Nakajima, Varagnolo, Schiffmann–Vasserot, Maulik–Okounkov, Yang–Zhao, etc. about geometric constructions of Yangians and their representations; indeed, given a quiver Q, there exists an associated pair
$(\widetilde{Q}, \widetilde{W})$
whose CoHA is conjecturally the positive half of the Maulik–Okounkov Yangian
$Y_{\text {MO}}(\mathfrak {g}_{Q})$
.For a quiver with potential
$(Q,W)$
, we follow a suggestion of Kontsevich–Soibelman and study a categorification of the above algebra constructed using categories of singularities. Its Grothendieck group is a K-theoretic Hall algebra (KHA) for quivers with potential. We construct representations using framed quivers, and we prove a wall-crossing theorem for KHAs. We expect the KHA for
$(\widetilde{Q}, \widetilde{W})$
to recover the positive part of quantum affine algebra
$U_{q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {g}_{Q}})$
defined by Okounkov–Smirnov.
Calling for policy actions to increase access to long-acting antipsychotics in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Ostuzzi Giovanni , Gastaldon Chiara , Papola Davide , Barbui Corrado 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are associated with substantial impairment and disability. Lack of treatment adherence is a major issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite growing evidence supporting second-generation long-acting antipsychotics (LAIs) as an effective strategy to ensure continued maintenance treatment in schizophrenia, access to these technologies has been very limited in constrained-resource settings. Including second-generation LAIs in national and international essential medicines lists and evidence-based guidelines, promoting public health-oriented patent pooling and extending their availability to primary health care settings, are key actions that should urgently be implemented to increase access to long-acting technologies. Implementing these policy actions can pragmatically improve treatment adherence, ultimately tackling schizophrenia-related impairment and disability in LMICs, which can be regarded as a global health priority.
Climate Responses to Tambora‐Size Volcanic Eruption and the Impact of Warming Climate
Authors: Yang Linshan , Gao Yujuan , Gao Chaochao , Liu Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe climatic consequences of large volcanic eruptions depend on the direct radiative perturbation and the climate variability that amplifies or dampens the initial perturbation. Potential climate responses to future eruptions, however, have been rarely studied. Here we show perturbation of Tambora‐size causes significant but no inter‐scenario different global average climate responses, by using Community Earth System Model simulations under preindustrial and RCP8.5 scenarios. Regionally we find severe reduction in African and Asian‐Australian monsoon rainfall and emerge of El Niño‐like responses, largely due to the land‐ocean thermal contrast mechanism. Global warming significantly amplifies such El Niño‐like responses, which feed on the enhanced climatology atmospheric moisture and cause higher sensitivity of monsoon circulation to radiative forcing in the tropics. We also find prolonged Asian‐Australian monsoon suppression associated with the enhanced westerly anomalies over the Pacific, suggesting the complexity of climate responses and feedbacks to external forcing under future climate.
Hydrological Extremes in the Upper Yangtze River Over the Past 700 yr Inferred From a Tree Ring δ18O Record
Authors: An Wenling , Li Jinjian , Wang Shu , Xu Chenxi , Shao Xuemei , Qin Ningsheng , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOngoing global warming has a strong influence on regional hydrological cycles. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River (UYR) are highly vulnerable to extreme hydrological droughts and floods, but a lack of long‐term streamflow observations has limited our understanding on global warming influences. Here, we establish an annually resolved and absolutely dated tree‐ring oxygen (δ18O) isotope chronology and use it to reconstruct the summer streamflow history of the UYR between 1260 and 2017. The UYR experienced 79 extreme floods and 107 extreme hydrological droughts over this period. We found a trend toward dry conditions in the region with tendencies for an increased drought probability since around 1850s. Especially, the frequency of hydrological droughts in recent decades has been outside the envelope of natural variability of extreme hydrological droughts. The temporal evolution of hydrological extremes is closely linked to variability of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) at decadal scales. The UYR has experienced more frequent droughts during dry spells and experienced more frequent floods during wet spells of the ISM. The recent increase in the frequency of hydrological droughts is consistent with the observed trend toward a weaker ISM and increasing temperatures. Weaker transport of low‐level moisture and greater evaporation caused by global warming have contributed to the increase in extreme hydrological droughts. Our results thus provide a long‐term context for observed hydrological changes and suggest that the UYR will experience more frequent and severe extreme events as a consequence of increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
An Efficient Estimation of Time‐Varying Parameters of Dynamic Models by Combining Offline Batch Optimization and Online Data Assimilation
Authors: Sawada Yohei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is crucially important to estimate unknown parameters in process‐based models by integrating observation and numerical simulation. For many applications in earth system sciences, a parameter estimation method which allows parameters to temporally change is required. In the present paper, an efficient and practical method to estimate time‐varying parameters of relatively low dimensional models is presented. In the newly proposed method, called Hybrid Offline Online Parameter Estimation with Particle Filtering (HOOPE‐PF), an inflation method to maintain the spread of ensemble members in a Sampling‐Importance‐Resampling Particle Filter (SIRPF) is improved using a non‐parametric posterior probabilistic distribution of time‐invariant parameters obtained by comparing simulated and observed climatology. HOOPE‐PF outperforms the original SIRPF in synthetic experiments with toy models and a real‐data experiment with a conceptual hydrological model when an ensemble size is small. The advantage of HOOPE‐PF is that its performance is not greatly affected by the size of perturbation to be added to ensemble members to maintain their spread while it is important to get the optimal performance in the original particle filter. Since HOOPE‐PF is the extension of the existing particle filter which has been extensively applied to many models in earth system sciences such as land, ecosystem, hydrology, and paleoclimate reconstruction, HOOPE‐PF can be applied to improve the simulation of these process‐based models by considering time‐varying model parameters.
Nighttime Atmospheric Scattering Phase Function Derived From the Scattered Light of a Laser Beam
Authors: Kocifaj M. , Kundracik F. , Bará S. , Barentine J. , Wallner S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous monitoring of the atmospheric scattering phase function is difficult to perform since most observational techniques are limited to daylight hours. Among known aerosol optical properties, only atmospheric optical depth is measured routinely during clear nights at a few ground stations. In this paper we develop theoretical and experimental techniques to retrieve the scattering phase function from radiometry of a laser beam whose light is scattered in the lower nocturnal atmosphere. The field experiment we conducted in a night environment demonstrates the capability of the method to determine in real‐world settings. We show that extracting the scattering phase function from radiance data is realizable over a wide range of angles, which makes possible the use of an analytical extrapolation to approximate across the full range of scattering angles.
Plasmaspheric Pi2 Pulsation Enhancement in Response to Plasma Sheet Pi2 Wave Source: Statistical Study Using Van Allen Probes and THEMIS Conjunctions
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Takahashi Kazue , Xing Xiaoyan , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo understand the enhancement of Pi2 pulsations inside the plasmasphere in response to the plasma sheet Pi2 wave source, we conduct a statistical investigation of 208 conjunction events by using simultaneous two‐point measurements with one satellite located in the plasmasphere and the other one located in the plasma sheet. All the events had a Pi2 compressional wave source observed in the plasma sheet as indicated by their association with bursty bulk flows (BBFs), but for about 25% of the events there were no corresponding enhancements in plasmaspheric Pi2 waves. For events with plasmaspheric Pi2 wave enhancements, a cavity or virtual resonance was likely the dominant wave mode, while excitation of field line resonance was also observed. We select two groups of events: strong (weak) group with the plasmaspheric compressional wave enhancements above 75% percentile (below 25% percentile), and conduct a statistical‐significance evaluation of the differences between the two groups. The strong events were observed closer to midnight than the weak events. The plasma sheet wave source that has a larger wave amplification or larger dipolarization associated with BBFs is more likely to excite stronger plasmaspheric wave enhancements. The strong events occurred more often with a pre‐condition of lower Auroral Electrojet (AE)* levels than did weak events. We explain these dependencies as strong events being associated with more favorable conditions that allow the inward‐propagating compressional waves from the plasma sheet wave source to reach the plasmapause and excite the plasmaspheric waves.
Klotho in Osx+-mesenchymal progenitors exerts pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects during mandibular alveolar bone formation and repair
Authors: Fan Yi , Cui Chen , Rosen Clifford J. , Sato Tadatoshi , Xu Ruoshi , Li Peiran , Wei Xi , Bi Ruiye , Yuan Quan , Zhou Chenchen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaxillofacial bone defects are commonly seen in clinical practice. A clearer understanding of the regulatory network directing maxillofacial bone formation will promote the development of novel therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathway is critical for the development of maxillofacial bone. Klotho, a type I transmembrane protein, is an important components of FGF receptor complexes. Recent studies have reported the presence of Klotho expression in bone. However, the role of Klotho in cranioskeletal development and repair remains unknown. Here, we use a genetic strategy to report that deletion of Klotho in Osx-positive mesenchymal progenitors leads to a significant reduction in osteogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Klotho-deficient mensenchymal progenitors also suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Under conditions of inflammation and trauma-induced bone loss, we find that Klotho exerts an inhibitory function on inflammation-induced TNFR signaling by attenuating Rankl expression. More importantly, we show for the first time that Klotho is present in human alveolar bone, with a distinct expression pattern under both normal and pathological conditions. In summary, our results identify the mechanism whereby Klotho expressed in Osx+-mensenchymal progenitors controls osteoblast differentiation and osteoclastogenesis during mandibular alveolar bone formation and repair. Klotho-mediated signaling is an important component of alveolar bone remodeling and regeneration. It may also be a target for future therapeutics.
Is it possible to stage schizophrenia? A systematic review
Authors: Martínez-Cao Clara , de la Fuente-Tomás Lorena , García-Fernández Ainoa , González-Blanco Leticia , Sáiz Pilar A. , Garcia-Portilla María Paz , Bobes Julio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A staging model is a clinical tool used to define the development of a disease over time. In schizophrenia, authors have proposed different theoretical staging models of increasing complexity. Therefore, the aims of our study were to provide an updated and critical view of the proposed clinical staging models for schizophrenia and to review the empirical data that support them.

Methods
Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. From the PubMed database and backward reference search, a total of 141 records were retrieved, but only 20 were selected according to the inclusion criteria: (a) available in English; (b) participants with schizophrenia ≥ 18 years; and (c) theoretical and empirical research studies intended to develop, validate, and/or improve staging models of schizophrenia.

Results
Different clinical staging models for schizophrenia were identified, information about the proposed stages was tabulated and presented in the Results section (Tables 1, 2). Most of which include neuroimaging, functioning, and psychopathology, but only two models add objective biomarkers and none include patient point of view. However, few models have been psychometrically tested or used small samples and thus have been validated only partially. In addition, five studies proposed therapeutic interventions according to the stage of the disorder from a theoretical point of view.

Discussion
In conclusion, it is possible to stage schizophrenia, but the models developed have several limitations. Empirical validation and inclusion of more specific biomarkers and measures of other life areas affected by schizophrenia could help in the development of more valid models.
Intensity of care in cancer patients in the last year of life: a retrospective data linkage study
Authors: Luta Xhyljeta , Diernberger Katharina , Bowden Joanna , Droney Joanne , Hall Peter , Marti Joachim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Delivering high-quality palliative and end-of-life care for cancer patients poses major challenges for health services. We examine the intensity of cancer care in England in the last year of life.

Methods
We included cancer decedents aged 65+ who died between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017. We analysed healthcare utilisation and costs in the last 12 months of life including hospital-based activities and primary care.

Results
Healthcare utilisation and costs increased sharply in the last month of life. Hospital costs were the largest cost elements and decreased with age (0.78, 95% CI: 0.73–0.72, p < 0.005 for age group 90+ compared to age 65–69 and increased substantially with comorbidity burden (2.2, 95% CI: 2.09–2.26, p < 0.005 for those with 7+ comorbidities compared to those with 1–3 comorbidities). The costs were highest for haematological cancers (1.45, 95% CI: 1.38–1.52, p < 0.005) and those living in the London region (1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19, p < 0.005).

Conclusions
Healthcare in the last year of life for advanced cancer patients is costly and offers unclear value to patients and the healthcare system. Further research is needed to understand distinct cancer populations’ pathways and experiences before recommendations can be made about the most appropriate models of care.
Hexokinase 3 enhances myeloid cell survival via non-glycolytic functions
Authors: Seiler Kristina , Humbert Magali , Minder Petra , Mashimo Iris , Schläfli Anna M. , Krauer Deborah , Federzoni Elena A. , Vu Bich , Moresco James J. , Yates John R. , Sadowski Martin C. , Radpour Ramin , Kaufmann Thomas , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Dengjel Joern , Tschan Mario P. , Torbett Bruce E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe family of hexokinases (HKs) catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. While HK1 and HK2 are ubiquitously expressed, the less well-studied HK3 is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells and tissues and is highly upregulated during terminal differentiation of some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models. Here we show that expression of HK3 is predominantly originating from myeloid cells and that the upregulation of this glycolytic enzyme is not restricted to differentiation of leukemic cells but also occurs during ex vivo myeloid differentiation of healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Within the hematopoietic system, we show that HK3 is predominantly expressed in cells of myeloid origin. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene disruption revealed that loss of HK3 has no effect on glycolytic activity in AML cell lines while knocking out HK2 significantly reduced basal glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Instead, loss of HK3 but not HK2 led to increased sensitivity to ATRA-induced cell death in AML cell lines. We found that HK3 knockout (HK3-null) AML cells showed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as DNA damage during ATRA-induced differentiation. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed pathway enrichment for programmed cell death, oxidative stress, and DNA damage response in HK3-null AML cells. These signatures were confirmed in ATAC sequencing, showing that loss of HK3 leads to changes in chromatin configuration and increases the accessibility of genes involved in apoptosis and stress response. Through isoform-specific pulldowns, we furthermore identified a direct interaction between HK3 and the proapoptotic BCL-2 family member BIM, which has previously been shown to shorten myeloid life span. Our findings provide evidence that HK3 is dispensable for glycolytic activity in AML cells while promoting cell survival, possibly through direct interaction with the BH3-only protein BIM during ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation.
Social isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish
Authors: Wee Caroline L. , Song Erin , Nikitchenko Maxim , Herrera Kristian J. , Wong Sandy , Engert Florian , Kunes Samuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnimal brains have evolved to encode social stimuli and transform these representations into advantageous behavioral responses. The commonalities and differences of these representations across species are not well-understood. Here, we show that social isolation activates an oxytocinergic (OXT), nociceptive circuit in the larval zebrafish hypothalamus and that chemical cues released from conspecific animals are potent modulators of this circuit’s activity. We delineate an olfactory to subpallial pathway that transmits chemical social cues to OXT circuitry, where they are transformed into diverse outputs simultaneously regulating avoidance and feeding behaviors. Our data allow us to propose a model through which social stimuli are integrated within a fundamental neural circuit to mediate diverse adaptive behaviours.
Immunoprofiling reveals cell subsets associated with the trajectory of cytomegalovirus reactivation post stem cell transplantation
Authors: Stern Lauren , McGuire Helen M. , Avdic Selmir , Fazekas de St Groth Barbara , Gottlieb David , Abendroth Allison , Blyth Emily , Slobedman Barry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus reactivation is a major opportunistic infection after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has a complex relationship with post-transplant immune reconstitution. Here, we use mass cytometry to define patterns of innate and adaptive immune cell reconstitution at key phases of human cytomegalovirus reactivation in the first 100 days post haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Human cytomegalovirus reactivation is associated with the development of activated, memory T-cell profiles, with faster effector-memory CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with low-level versus high-level human cytomegalovirus DNAemia. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels at the initial detection of human cytomegalovirus DNAemia are significantly lower in patients who subsequently develop high-level versus low-level human cytomegalovirus reactivation. Our data describe distinct immune signatures that emerged with human cytomegalovirus reactivation after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and highlight Mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels at the first detection of reactivation as a marker that may be useful to anticipate the magnitude of human cytomegalovirus DNAemia.
Ultra-narrow room-temperature emission from single CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Rainò Gabriele , Yazdani Nuri , Boehme Simon C. , Kober-Czerny Manuel , Zhu Chenglian , Krieg Franziska , Rossell Marta D. , Erni Rolf , Wood Vanessa , Infante Ivan , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots have long been considered artificial atoms, but despite the overarching analogies in the strong energy-level quantization and the single-photon emission capability, their emission spectrum is far broader than typical atomic emission lines. Here, by using ab-initio molecular dynamics for simulating exciton-surface-phonon interactions in structurally dynamic CsPbBr3 quantum dots, followed by single quantum dot optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate that emission line-broadening in these quantum dots is primarily governed by the coupling of excitons to low-energy surface phonons. Mild adjustments of the surface chemical composition allow for attaining much smaller emission linewidths of 35−65 meV (vs. initial values of 70–120 meV), which are on par with the best values known for structurally rigid, colloidal II-VI quantum dots (20−60 meV). Ultra-narrow emission at room-temperature is desired for conventional light-emitting devices and paramount for emerging quantum light sources.