bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis by multiplex-nested PCR targeting mpt64 (Rv1980c) and IS6110: comparison with multiplex PCR and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF
Authors: Kamra E. , Alam D. , Singh V. , Kumar M. , Chauhan M. , Mehta P.K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A multiplex-nested PCR (M-nested PCR) targeting mpt64 (Rv1980c) + IS6110 was designed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) DNA within urine (n = 35), endometrial biopsies (n = 22) and menstrual blood (n = 3) of male/female UGTB patients, and results were compared with M-PCR using the same targets. Detection limit of the purified Mtb DNA was found to be 1 fg by M-nested PCR, which was 106-fold lower than M-PCR. Moreover, sensitivities of 100% and 81·8% were obtained in confirmed (n = 5) and clinically suspected UGTB (n = 55) cases, respectively, by M-nested PCR, with a specificity of 97·1% (n = 70). Sensitivities attained by M-nested PCR were significantly higher (p &lt; 0·05) than M-PCR in both clinically suspected and total UGTB (n = 60) cases. To confirm the true PCR-negative results, an internal amplification control, that is, human β-globin gene (hbb) was incorporated in the M-nested PCR/M-PCR assays, wherein all the clinical specimens (positive/negative for mpt64/IS6110) were found to be positive for hbb. Some UGTB specimens (n = 35) were also subjected to GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay that revealed a significantly lower (p &lt; 0·001) sensitivity (17·1 vs 88·6%) than M-nested PCR, although high specificity (100%) was attained with GeneXpert. After validating the results in a higher number of UGTB specimens, our M-nested PCR may be translated into an attractive diagnostic kit.
Association between the second‐ and fourth‐digit ratio and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ying Yue , Madathil Sreenath , Nicolau Belinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesUsing an established proxy measure of intra‐utero testosterone and estrogen levels—the ratio of second‐ and fourth‐digit lengths—we estimated its association with the oral cancer risk among a population from Southern India.Material and methodsIn a hospital‐based case–control study, incident oral cancer cases (N = 350) and non‐cancer controls (N = 371), frequency‐matched by age and sex, were recruited from two major referral hospitals in Kerala, India. Structured interviews collected information on several domains of exposure via detailed life course questionnaires. Digit lengths were measured using a ruler in a standardized manner. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSecond‐ and fourth‐digit ratio lower than 1, which indicates relatively higher intra‐utero level of testosterone and lower intra‐utero level of estrogen, was associated with higher oral cancer risk (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02–2.52), after accounting for several confounders.ConclusionOur findings suggest that intra‐utero hormonal levels measured by second‐ and fourth‐digit ratio are associated with oral cancer risk. Further studies in different population should confirm these results.
Functional roles of ALMT‐type anion channels in malate‐induced stomatal closure in tomato and Arabidopsis
Authors: Sasaki Takayuki , Ariyoshi Michiyo , Yamamoto Yoko , Mori Izumi C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGuard‐cell‐type aluminium‐activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are involved in stomatal closure by exporting anions from guard cells. However, their physiological and electrophysiological functions are yet to be explored. Here, we analysed the physiological and electrophysiological properties of the ALMT channels in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlALMT11 was specifically expressed in tomato guard cells. External malate‐induced stomatal closure was impaired in ALMT‐suppressed lines of tomato and Arabidopsis, although abscisic acid did not influence the stomatal response in SlALMT11‐knock‐down tomato lines. Electrophysiological analyses in Xenopus oocytes showed that SlALMT11 and AtALMT12/QUAC1 exhibited characteristic bell‐shaped current‐voltage patterns dependent on extracellular malate, fumarate, and citrate. Both ALMTs could transport malate, fumarate, and succinate, but not citrate, suggesting that the guard‐cell‐type ALMTs are dicarboxylic anion channels activated by extracellular organic acids. The truncation of acidic amino acids, Asp or Glu, from the C‐terminal end of SlALMT11 or AtALMT12/QUAC1 led to the disappearance of the bell‐shaped current‐voltage patterns. Our findings establish that malate‐activated stomatal closure is mediated by guard‐cell‐type ALMT channels that require an acidic amino acid in the C‐terminus as a candidate voltage sensor in both tomato and Arabidopsis.
Individual learning as a driver of changes in community vulnerability under repeated hurricanes and changing climate
Authors: Zhai Chengwei , Reilly Allison C. , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe risks from singular natural hazards such as a hurricane have been extensively investigated in the literature. However, little is understood about how individual and collective responses to repeated hazards change communities and impact their preparation for future events. Individual mitigation actions may drive how a community's resilience evolves under repeated hazards. In this paper, we investigate the effect that learning by homeowners can have on household mitigation decisions and on how this influences a region's vulnerability to natural hazards over time, using hurricanes along the east coast of the United States as our case study. To do this, we build an agent‐based model (ABM) to simulate homeowners’ adaptation to repeated hurricanes and how this affects the vulnerability of the regional housing stock. Through a case study, we explore how different initial beliefs about the hurricane hazard and how the memory of recent hurricanes could change a community's vulnerability both under current and potential future hurricane scenarios under climate change. In some future hurricane environments, different initial beliefs can result in large differences in the region's long‐term vulnerability to hurricanes. We find that when some homeowners mitigate soon after a hurricane—when their memory of the event is the strongest—it can help to substantially decrease the vulnerability of a community.
El alumnado inmigrante y la mediación lingüística infantojuvenil
Authors: El Jouhri Nadya , Bagur-Pons Sara , Verger-Gelabert Sebastià , Rosselló-Ramón María Rosa 
Published: June 2022

La mediación interlingüística infantojuvenil se refiere a la intervención comunicativa de individuos sin autoridad, como ejercicio normativo. Este estudio analiza las percepciones de los hijos de inmigrantes de primera generación sobre la mediación interlingüística, identificando dificultades y soluciones desde los contextos escolares y familiares. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se desarrollaron entrevistas y grupos de discusión cuyos participantes fueron alumnos y profesionales. Los hallazgos muestran dificultades relacionadas con la dependencia parental, el estrés, la falta de empatía por parte de los profesionales, el sentimiento de incompetencia o la complejidad para la resolución de problemas por parte de los niños.
Videos y fotografías para evaluar aprendizajes durante la contingencia sanitaria
Authors: Pérez-Martínez María Guadalupe , Calvario-Ruiz Sara Sofía 
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación exploró la potencialidad de los videos y las fotografías digitales para evaluar los aprendizajes en preescolar durante la contingencia sanitaria, cuando se imposibilitó la observación directa del desempeño de los estudiantes. Se realizó un estudio de caso de una docente, en el cual se analizaron videos y fotografías de actividades sobre diferentes campos curriculares, y se condujeron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados muestran la complementariedad de estos recursos: las fotografías permiten valorar productos terminados; las videograbaciones, el proceso de desarrollo, la participación familiar y el ambiente de aprendizaje. En conjunto, pueden facilitar la construcción de propósitos articulados entre escuela y hogar y la retroalimentación oportuna.
A Compressor Off-Line Washing Schedule Optimization Method With a LSTM Deep Learning Model Predicting the Fouling Trend
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Tang Xinyu , Lu Jinzhi , Zhang Huisheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Compressor fouling is one of the most prevalent fault modes that contribute to the performance degradation of a gas turbine power plant. Off-line washing is a standard maintenance procedure to recover the fouling degradation, but with washing cost. In this paper, an off-line washing schedule optimization method with a long short-term memory (LSTM) prediction model is proposed to maximize the plant net profit. First, a mechanism model-based gas path analysis method is developed to identify the fouling indications of compressor flow rate degradation (DGC) and compressor efficiency degradation (DEC). Second, a sliding window prediction method based on LSTM is proposed to accurately predict the nonlinear fouling trends. The prediction models are trained and tested by the true trends of the DGC and DEC that are identified from the field data of a real gas turbine power plant. The comparison results prove that the LSTM algorithm outperforms other machine learning algorithms. The mean relative square error of the DGC LSTM model is 9.72 × 10−4, and DEC is 4.08 × 10−4. Finally, a detailed economic model is developed by coupling the fouling prediction model with the gas turbine performance model. On this basis, an optimization method of the washing schedule is developed to maximize the net profit. Two case studies, under full load and field data, are carried out to verify the proposed optimization method. The results show that the washing schedules of the two case studies are much similar, in which three washing tasks with gradually reduced intervals are provided. Furthermore, the comparison results of different schedules show that the proposed optimal schedule has a huge potential in saving the net profit. It can save 3.26 million Yuan compared with the practical schedule adopted by the real power plant.
New age and lake chemistry constraints on the Aptian pre-salt carbonates of the central South Atlantic
Authors: Lawson M. , Sitgreaves J. , Rasbury T. , Wooton K. , Esch W. , Marcon V. , Henares S. , Konstantinou A. , Kneller E. , Gombosi D. , Torres V. , Silva A. , Alevato R. , Wren M. , Becker S. , Eiler J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates of the offshore Brazilian and West African presalt basins represent some of the most extensive non-marine carbonates discovered in the geologic record. Despite being intensively studied over the past decade, the age of these carbonates and the overlying regional salt sequences is highly controversial. Similarly, the conditions under which these carbonates were deposited remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first integrated geochronology-thermometry study of these carbonates to develop an improved understanding of when and under what conditions they formed. We utilize carbonate clumped isotope and 87Sr/86Sr geochemistry alongside traditional petrographic techniques to identify samples minimally altered from burial diagenesis that may yield reliable age and lake chemistry constraints. Carbonate clumped isotope apparent temperatures for the studied carbonates range from 36 °C to 91 °C, which we infer to represent a range in sample preservation from minimally altered depositional temperatures through to those that have been overprinted by burial diagenesis. 87Sr/86Sr values of our samples are consistent with those of previous studies for Cretaceous pre-salt carbonates that have not experienced significant alteration from hydrothermal fluids. Through this approach, we measured the first high resolution isotope dilution U-Pb age constraint of 115.83 ± 1.56 Ma (2σ) on a well preserved carbonate. Combined with overlapping lower resolution laser ablation U-Pb ages for time-equivalent stratigraphy on two separate carbonate platforms of 114.46 ± 4.72 Ma and 109.73 ± 9.26 Ma, these ages provide the first robust direct age calibration for pre-salt carbonates deposited on either side of the South Atlantic during the final stages of the break-up of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous. These ages also provide the first calibration for a combined 87Sr/86Sr-facieslog based relative age framework within the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. We further utilize δ18O constraints on samples that yield depositional clumped isotope apparent temperatures to constrain the δ18O of the water in these ancient lakes to between 1.9 and 4.9‰Vienna standard mean ocean water. Such heavy values reveal a picture of a hot and arid environment. This is consistent with prior biostratigraphic studies of the carbonates that show a decrease in faunal diversity in these lakes prior to marine ingress and the development of open marine conditions in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Origin of low Mg# hawaiites carrying peridotite xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, California, USA: Evidence of rapid magma mixing during ascent along intersecting fractures
Authors: Brehm Sarah K. , Lange Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Cima volcanic field, in the southern Basin and Range province (California, USA), includes &gt;70 eruptive units over the last 8 m.y. The youngest (≤1 Ma) are low Mg# (≥56) hawaiites derived from an asthenospheric mantle source. The Cima hawaiites, and adjacent Dish Hill basanites, are known for carrying large mantle xenoliths, which precludes stalling in a crustal reservoir. This raises the question of how low Mg# hawaiites, which cannot be in equilibrium with peridotite mantle, formed and differentiated while carrying dense, mantle xenoliths. Several hypotheses are evaluated and the only one shown to be viable is mixing between high-MgO basanite (with entrained mantle xenoliths and sparse olivine phenocrysts) and low-MgO mugearite liquids, which formed by partial melting of mafic lower crust under relatively dry and reducing conditions. Multiple lines of evidence, including the presence of mantle xenoliths in hawaiites, diffusion-limited growth textures in olivine and clinopyroxene, and notably thin Fe-rich rims on high-MgO olivine crystals (inherited), indicate magma mixing must have occurred rapidly (days or less) during ascent to the surface along intersecting fractures, and not in a stalled crustal reservoir. Abundant evidence points to clinopyroxene growth immediately after mixing, and application of clinopyroxene-melt barometry constrains the depth of mixing to the lower and middle crust (0.8–0.4 GPa). Results from olivinemelt thermometry/hygrometry (~1196 °C and ~1.4 wt% H2O) applied to a basanite from Dish Hill carrying 5–20 cm mantle xenoliths leads to calculated ascent velocities ≥0.3–4.9 km/h, enabling ascent through the 36 km thick crust in ≤7–119 h.
Initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy to improve renal outcomes for persons with diabetes eligible for an intensified glucose-lowering regimen: hypothetical intervention using parametric g-formula modeling
Authors: Takeuchi Masato , Ogura Masahito , Inagaki Nobuya , Kawakami Koji 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are now recommended in guidelines for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and at risk of advanced kidney disease as part of the glucose-lowering regimen.Research design and methodsTo explore the optimal threshold at which to initiate SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, we conducted an observational study analyzed under a counterfactual framework. This study used the electronic healthcare database in Japan, comprising data from approximately 20 million patients at approximately 160 medical institutions. Persons with T2DM with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in April 2014 were eligible. The primary end point was the composite of renal deterioration (>40% decline in eGFR) and the development of eGFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2. We estimated the risk of the composite end point occurring over 77 months in different scenarios, such as early or delayed intervention with SGLT2 inhibitors for uncontrolled diabetes at different hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) thresholds. The parametric g-formula was used to estimate the risk of the composite end point, adjusting for time-fixed and time-varying confounders.ResultsWe analyzed data from 36 237 persons (149 346 person-years observation), of whom 4679 started SGLT2 inhibitor therapy (9470 person-years observation). Overall, initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy was associated with a 77-month risk reduction in the end point by 1.3–3.7%. The largest risk reduction was observed within 3 months of initiation once the HbA1c level exceeded 6.5% (risk reduction of 3.7% (95% CI 1.6% to 6.7%)) compared with a threshold of 7.0% or higher.ConclusionsOur analyses favored early intervention with SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce the renal end point, even for persons with moderately controlled HbA1c levels. Our findings also suggest caution against clinical inertia in the care of diabetes.
Constraining scalar doublet and triplet leptoquarks with vacuum stability and perturbativity
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Priyotosh , Jangid Shilpa , Karan Anirban 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the constraints on the leptoquark Yukawa couplings and the Higgs-leptoquark quartic couplings for scalar doublet leptoquark $$\widetilde{R}_2$$

R
~

2

, scalar triplet leptoquark $$\varvec{S}_3$$

S

3

and their combination with both three generations and one generation with respect to perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability. The perturbative unitarity of all the dimensionless couplings is studied via one- and two-loop beta functions. New $$SU(2)_L$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

multiplets in terms of these leptoquarks are introduced to fabricate Landau poles at the two-loop level in the gauge coupling $$g_2$$

g
2

at $$10^{19.7}$$

10

19.7

GeV and $$10^{14.4}$$

10

14.4

GeV, respectively, for the $$\varvec{S}_3$$

S

3

and $$\widetilde{R}_2+\varvec{S}_3$$

R
~

2

+

S

3

models with three generations. However, such Landau poles cease to exist for $$\widetilde{R}_2$$

R
~

2

and any of these extensions with both one and two generations up to Planck scale. The Higgs-leptoquark quartic couplings acquire severe constraints to protect Planck scale perturbativity, whereas leptoquark Yukawa couplings acquire some upper bound in order to respect Planck scale stability of Higgs vacuum. The Higgs quartic coupling at the two-loop level constrains the leptoquark Yukawa couplings for $$\widetilde{R}_2,\varvec{S}_3, \,\widetilde{R}_2+\varvec{S}_3$$

R
~

2

,

S

3

,

R
~

2

+

S

3

with values "Equation missing" with three generations. In the effective potential approach, the presence of any of these leptoquarks with any number of generations pushes the metastable vacuum of the Standard Model to the stable region.
Observation of the temperature and barometric effects on the cosmic muon flux by the DANSS detector
Authors: Alekseev I. , Belov V. , Brudanin V. , Bystryakov A. , Danilov M. , Egorov V. , Filosofov D. , Fomina M. , Kazartsev S. , Kobyakin A. , Kuznetsov A. , Machikhiliyan I. , Medvedev D. , Nesterov V. , Rozova I. , Rumyantseva N. , Rusinov V. , Samigullin E. , Shevchik Ye. , Shirchenko M. , Shitov Yu. , Skrobova N. , Starostin A. , Svirida D. , Tarkovsky E. , Yakushev E. , Zhitnikov I. , Zinatulina D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe DANSS detector (Alekseev et al. in JINST 11:P11011, 2016) is located directly below a commercial reactor core at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant. Such a position provides an overburden about 50 m.w.e. in vertical direction. In terms of the cosmic rays it occupies an intermediate position between surface and underground detectors. The sensitive volume of the detector is a cubic meter of plastic scintillator with fine segmentation and combined PMT and SiPM readout, surrounded by multilayer passive and active shielding. The detector can reconstruct muon tracks passing through its sensitive volume. The main physics goal of the DANSS experiment implies the antineutrino spectra measurements at various distances from the source. This is achieved by means of a lifting platform so that the data is taken in three positions – 10.9, 11.9 and 12.9 meters from the reactor core. The muon data were collected for nearly four calendar years. The overburden parameters $$\langle E_{thr}\cos \theta \rangle $$

⟨

E

thr

cos
θ
⟩

and $$\langle E_{thr} \rangle $$

⟨

E

thr

⟩

, as well as the temperature and barometric correlation coefficients are evaluated separately for the three detector positions and, in each position, in three ranges of the zenith angle – for nearly vertical muons with $$\cos \theta >0.9$$

cos
θ
>
0.9

, for nearly horizontal muons with $$\cos \theta <0.36$$

cos
θ
<
0.36

, and for the whole upper hemisphere.
Outcomes of Primary Volar Locking Plate Fixation of Open Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: JOO Min Su , KANG Hong Je , YU Hyun Kyu , LEE Jae Sung 
Published: June 2022

Background: Few studies have reported the outcomes of primary volar locking plate fixation in Gustilo and Anderson type II and IIIA open distal radius fractures. We report the outcomes of treatment of Gustilo and Anderson type II and IIIA open distal radius fractures using primary volar locking plate fixation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 24 patients with open distal radius fractures who were treated using primary volar locking plate fixation. The range of motion (ROM) and modified Mayo wrist scores were measured to assess functional outcomes. Radiological outcomes included the bone union period, radial inclination, volar tilt, radial length and ulnar variance. Results: Functional outcomes, including mean ROM in flexion (39.1°) and extension (52.5°), improved following primary volar locking plate treatment. Radiological outcomes were as follows. Mean bone union period, radial length and ulnar variance were 7.8 months, 10.4 and 0.7 mm, respectively. Two patients had superficial wound infection 2 weeks after surgery and one patient had non-union of the radius that required implant removal, autologous iliac crest bone graft and plate re-fixation. Conclusions: Primary volar locking plate fixation is a safe and reliable treatment option for Gustilo and Anderson type II and IIIA open distal radius fractures. By providing firm stabilisation and allowing early ROM exercise, primary volar locking plate fixation resulted in good functional and radiological outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)