bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking Care of Us (TCU) Study Protocol: A Dyadic Intervention for Couples Living with Heart Failure
Authors: Lyons Karen S , Whitlatch Carol J , Vest Amanda R , Upshaw Jenica N , Johnson Stacy Hutton , Morelock Jeremiah , Lee Christopher S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: There are more than 1 million hospital admissions and 3 million emergency visits for heart failure in the U.S. annually. Although spouse/partners make substantial contributions to the management of heart failure and experience poor health and high levels of care strain, they are rarely the focus of heart failure interventions. This protocol describes a pilot randomized controlled trial that tests the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a seven-session couple-based intervention called Taking Care of Us (TCU). The TCU intervention is grounded in the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management and was developed to promote collaborative illness management and better physical and mental health of adults with heart failure and their partners.Methods: A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Eligible adults with heart failure and their co-residing spouse/partner will be recruited from a clinical site in the USA and community/social media outreach and randomized to either the TCU intervention or to a control condition (SUPPORT) that offers education around heart failure management. The target sample is 72 couples (36 per arm). TCU couples will receive seven sessions over two months via Zoom; SUPPORT couples will receive three sessions over two months via Zoom. All participants will complete self-report measures at baseline (T1), post-treatment (T2), and 3 months post-treatment (T3). Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention will be examined using both closed-ended and open-ended questions as well as enrollment and retention metrics. Preliminary efficacy of TCU on dyadic health, dyadic appraisal, and collaborative management will be examined using standardized measures.Discussion: Theoretically-driven, evidence-based dyadic interventions are needed to optimize the health of both members of the couple living with heart failure. Results from this study will provide important information about recruitment and retention and benefits and drawbacks of the TCU program to directly inform a large-scale grant application to test the impact of the TCU program in a fully powered sample.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04737759) registered on 27 January 2021.
Biodiversity-food trade-offs when agricultural land is spared from production
Authors: Palmer Charles , Groom Ben , Langton Steve 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes to address biodiversity decline by expanding areas under conservation. Biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes, the world's predominant land use, could involve sparing, or setting aside, agricultural land from production, implying biodiversity-food trade-offs. Employing bird species and agricultural data, we undertake a novel empirical analysis of such trade-offs on a set-aside scheme implemented in England between 1992-2007. Expanding set-aside increases bird species abundance and richness by, respectively, 1.2-2.1% and 0.7-0.9%, but has no impact on diversity (Shannon-Wiener index). These effects are discontinuous, subject to thresholds in set-aside areas. A minimum 3% of agricultural land set aside is required for a positive effect on biodiversity while 13% of agricultural land generates a 15-25% and 30-35% increase in abundance and richness, respectively. Estimates of short- and long-run effects show that impacts are larger in the long-run. Expanding set-aside is also associated with a 10-17% decline in cereal output, with weak evidence of an attenuating land-sparing effect on yields. Our results suggest that although biodiversity-food trade-offs are likely in high-yield agricultural landscapes, such as those in England, the risk of a reduction in food supply could be minimised in settings where there is still scope for intensification.
Cell-specific Clock Controlled Gene Expression Program Regulates Rhythmic Fiber Cell Growth in Cotton
Authors: Wang Dehe , Hu Xiao , Zhou Yifan , Wang Yue , Yang Qian , Liang Xiaodong , Ye Hanzhe , Yuan Xueyan , Zheng Xiaomin , Guo Boyu , Ye Wen , Russinova Eugenia , Zhou Yu , Wang Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The epidermis of cotton ovule produces fibers, the most important natural cellulose source supply for the global textile industry. Currently, the molecular mechanism of fiber cell growth is still poorly understood. Here, we developed an optimized protoplasting method, and integrated scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to systematically characterize the cells of the outer integument (OI) of ovules from wildtype (WT) and fuzzless/lintless ( fl ) cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). By jointly analyzing the scRNA-seq data from WT and fl , we identified five cell populations including the fiber cell type, and constructed the development trajectory for fiber lineage cells. Interestingly, we discovered that the primary growth of fiber cells is a highly regulated circadian rhythmic process using time-course diurnal transcriptomic analysis. Moreover, we identified a small peptide GhRALF1 that circadian rhythmically controls fiber growth through oscillating auxin signaling and proton pump activity in the plasma membrane. Combining with scATAC-seq, we further identified two cardinal cis -regulatory elements (CREs, TCP motif and TCP-like motif) which were bound by the trans factors GhTCP14s to modulate the circadian rhythmic metabolism of mitochondria and protein translation through regulating almost 1/3 genes highly expressed in fiber cells. Altogether, we uncovered fiber-specific circadian clock-controlled gene expression program in regulating fiber growth. This study unprecedentedly reveals a new route to improve fiber traits by engineering the circadian clock of fiber cells.
Problem based learning in Physiotherapy undergraduate curriculum: A systematic review
Authors: Pathmanathan Cinthuja , Maddumage Shanshika Pramodini , Rajasinghe Upendra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in physiotherapy education is not clearly studied. This systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of PBL compared to traditional methods (TM) or using other methods.
Methodology
PubMed, Pedro, Science direct, and Google Scholar Databases were searched on 11 January 2022 for randomized controlled trials, Non-randomized control trials, Quasi-experimental trials, before and after study design and cohort studies published in English from 2000 to 2022. Two reviewers conducted screening, eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of outcomes is presented, Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review was used to report the review. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of studies. This protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD 42022301693).
Results
The primary search strategy identified 2826 potentially relevant articles, of which 1666 remained after removing duplicates. After title and abstract screening 22 potentially eligible studies were identified, 2 of those papers met all the predefined eligibility criteria. The total population size is 291. The results indicate that PBL was effective compared to the TM in terms of promoting early Evidence Based Practice (EBP); PBL facilitates learning strategies and study preference was high for PBL in comparison to TM.
Conclusion
PBL is effective in developing different competencies, especially promoting early EBP, in physiotherapy undergraduates and is reported as a preferred method compared to TM. However, there is a lack of evidence to confirm this finding. Research studies with high methodological quality need to be conducted in future.
Functional dissection of two amino acid substitutions unique to the human FOXP2 protein
Authors: Bornschein Ulrich , Zeberg Hugo , Enard Wolfgang , Hevers Wulf , Pääbo Svante 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is involved in the development of language and speech in humans. Two amino acid substitutions (T303N, N325S) occurred in the human FOXP2 after the divergence from the chimpanzee lineage. It has previously been shown that when they are introduced into the FOXP2 protein of mice they alter striatal synaptic plasticity by increasing long-term depression in medium spiny neurons. Here we introduce each of these amino acid substitutions individually into mice and analyze their effects in the striatum. We find that long-term depression in medium spiny neurons is increased in mice carrying only the T303N substitution to the same extent as in mice carrying both amino acid substitutions. In contrast, the N325S substitution has no discernable effects.
Prevalence of Hypertension in a rural community in southeast Nigeria; an opportunity for early intervention.
Authors: Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus , Mbadiwe Nkeiruka , Okafor Umeh , Nwobodo Monday , Okwara Celestine , Okoli Paul , Anyim Benneth , Anigbo Gideon , Chime Peter , Ezeme Mark , Onyebueke Godwin , Abonyi Michael , Udeh Callistus , Okechukwu Chukwunonso , Onodugo Nkiruka , Okpara Titus , Nnaji Thomas , Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma , Orjioke Casmir , Ekochin Fintan , Onyekonwu Chinwe , Onodugo Obinna , Nwosu Nnamdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity in Sub Saharan Africa. Recent studies suggest and increase in the prevalence of hypertension in rural Sub Saharan Africa.MethodsUsing athree-phase approach, the WHO STEPS-wise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases was used to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural settlement is Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Blood pressure measurement was done according to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension.ResultsOut of 1576 participants aged 18 years and above, 976 (74.9%) completed the full survey and their blood pressure was measured, and data analysed. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.3%, (95%CI 24.5-30.2); similar in males (28.8, 95%CI 24.1-33.9) and females 166(26.4%, 95%CI 23.0-30.0). p= 0.415. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age reaching a peak of 33.6% (95%CI 25.7-42.1) among people aged 50-59 years. P= 0.06. The age-related increase in the prevalence of hypertension was statistically significant in males (p=0.04) but not in females. (p=0.15). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels correlated with older age and higher fasting blood glucose levels while diastolic blood pressure negatively correlated with level of education. Awareness of hypertension was low (7.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in a rural southeastern Nigeria community is 27.3%, however awareness was very low (7.9%). Most participants had mild hypertension thus offering a window of opportunity for public health educators in preventing the complication of hypertension. There is therefore the need for awareness campaigns to be intensified in rural communities.
Ocular Manifestations of Cryoglobulinemia: a Reappraisal
Authors: Dammacco Rosanna , Cimino Luca , De Simone Luca , Alessio Giovanni , Dammacco Franco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: To describe frequency and type of ocular manifestations in patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), as well as management approaches and outcomes. Subjects/Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 57 patients who were diagnosed with CV at a single center and regularly underwent a comprehensive ocular assessment. Results: Ophthalmologic manifestations were recorded in 16 patients (28%). The diagnoses included dry eye disease and primary Sjögren syndrome in 5 and 2 patients, respectively; peripheral ulcerative keratitis and anterior scleritis in 1 patient each; hyperviscosity syndrome and hypertensive retinopathy in 2 patients each; and Purtscher-like retinopathy in 3 patients. Twelve patients (75%) were anti-HCV/HCV RNA-positive, 11 of whom achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) following treatment with interferon-α2b plus ribavirin or direct-acting antivirals. All patients were treated with ocular lubricants. Systemic therapeutic measures, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive and biologic agents, induced the disappearance or ≥ 50% reduction of cryoglobulins and major signs of vasculitis in 11 patients (68.7%). In the remaining 5 patients (31.3%), cryoglobulins and CV manifestations remained unchanged or decreased by < 50%. The corresponding ophthalmologic assessment showed a variable degree of improvement in the ocular symptoms in all but 2 patients (87.5%). The best corrected visual acuity following treatment improved in 26 eyes, was unchanged in 3 eyes, and worsened in 3 eyes. Conclusions: Eye involvement is not a rare event in CV patients. A timely diagnosis and the correct employment of the available therapeutic measures may result in a favorable outcome of the ocular and extra-ocular manifestations.
Shaking Table Test of a Full Scale Three-Leaf Masonry Wall
Authors: Michele Francesco Di , Spacone Enrico , Camata Guido , Brando Giuseppe , Sextos Anastasios , Crewe Adam , Mylonakis George , Diez Matt , Dihoru Luiza , Varum Humberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the main results of a full-scale shaking table test campaign carried out under the auspices of the EU funded research project SERA, whose objective is to investigate the seismic performance of three-leaf masonry walls with weak lime-mortar joints. These masonry walls are widely found in seismic prone regions in the Mediterranean area, thus assessing their behaviour under dynamic actions is an important pre-requisite for the seismic vulnerability evaluation of a plethora of historical centres. The first part of the paper presents a preliminary study on the mechanical properties of the wall component materials that was carried out through an ad-hoc experimental campaign. The outcomes are of particular interest for the characterization of the mortar and of the infill materials, that were designed to reproduce the low strength that is typically found in old masonry buildings. The design of the masonry wall that was tested and the test set-up are presented next. The applied loading protocol consisted of the horizontal component of a ground motion record that is repeatedly applied to the shaking table with increasing intensity. Finally, the main results of the experimental test are discussed. The damage patterns, drift ratios and base shear are presented for the ground motion sequence. The results are also discussed through a dynamic capacity curve that shows the attainment of different limit states with increasing ground motion intensity. A set of nonlinear numerical simulations, both static and dynamic, using a 3D FE model of the wall verify the experimental study as they report good agreement with the experimental tests and exhibit stable numerical behaviour.
Chemical Profile and Study of the Antidiabetic Effect of Annona squamosa L. peel
Authors: Ponce-Sánchez Claudia , Oidor-Chan Víctor Hugo , Álvarez-Ramírez Erika Lorena , Gómez-Cansino Rocio , Zarza-García Addy Leticia , Gómez-Olivares José Luis , de-León-Sánchez Fernando Díaz , Mendoza Jose Alberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Current treatment involves the use of oral antidiabetics, whereas natural products could be a therapeutic alternative because of their bioactive compounds. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical profile and antidiabetic effect of the peel of Annona squamosa L. (sugar apple) and evaluate a possible mechanism of action. We analyzed the content of secondary metabolites finding the following in 100 g of freeze-dried peel: 5000.13 ± 30.44 GAEq mg, 82.04 ± 1.12 QEq mg, 3023.07 ± 75.83 AA mg, 13919.07 ± 492.11 CA mg, 16099.56 ± 492.11 L-MA mg, 21346.73 ± 1134.01 D-MA mg, 5261.92 ± 34.59 TA mg, 2920.15 ± 290.13 Glu mg, and 5271.59 ± 562.07 Fru mg. The antihyperglycemic effect of the freeze-dried peel of sugar apple was demonstrated using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in healthy Wistar rats, discovering an effect at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which was reversed by administering Wortmannin at 1 mg/kg. Regarding the antidiabetic effect in a T2DM model after 14-days of treatment, we found a decrease in non-fasting glucose, and capillary glucose levels during an OGTT, as well as an improvement in insulin response. These results allow us to conclude that sugar apple peel has a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose levels in both healthy and diabetic rats, seemingly to be related to the insulin signaling pathway; therefore, this could be an alternative therapy for glucose control in prediabetes and T2DM
Valorisation of Biowaste and Aquatic Invasive Plants Through Compost Production for Agricultural Use
Authors: Banunle Albert , Fei-Baffoe Bernard , Miezah Kodwo , Ewusi-Mensah Nana , Jørgensen Uffe , Aidoo Robert , Amoah Alice , Addo-Fordjour Patrick , Abaidoo Robert Clement 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the quality and performance of compost produced from household biowaste (CBIO), aquatic invasive plants (CAIP) and a mixture of the invasive plants and biowaste (CBAIP) in comparison with mineral fertilizer (NPK) application. The composts were produced using Aerobin 400 Composter with aquatic invasive plant collected from the Owabi dam and solid biowaste from households within the Owabi catchment in the Ashanti Region of Ghana as feedstock. A field experiment in a 35 m x 19 m plot of maize was conducted with 9 treatments of the different compost produced and mineral fertilizers in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The results show that the compost types produced have acceptable quality with regards to nutrients (NPK), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), bulk density, porosity, and heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Ni) among other properties. Grain yields following treatment with CAIP (2.06 ± 0.692 tons/ha), CBAIP (2.15± 0.668 tons/ha) and CBIO (2.052 ± 0.915 tons/ha) were similar to grain yields from NPK application (2.55 ± 0.611 tons/ha) but significantly higher than the control (1.34 ± 0.500 tons/ha) at 5%. The results show that the different compost types produced have beneficial impacts on grain yields comparable to NPK application. It is, therefore, concluded that aquatic invasive plants and biowaste are suitable feedstock for the production of high-quality compost that significantly improves grain yields.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Neonates With Intrapartum Asphyxia Managed With Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Public Tertiary Hospital in South Africa
Authors: Nakwa Firdose Lambey , Sepeng Letlhogonolo , Kwawegen Alison van , Thomas Reenu , Seake Karabo , Mogajane Tshiamo , Ntuli Nandi , Ondongo-Ezhet Claude , Kesting Samantha Jane , Kgwadi Dikeledi Maureen , Kamanga Noela Holo Bertha , Coetser Annaleen , Rensburg Jeanne van , Pepper Michael S. , Velaphi Sithembiso C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In randomized clinical trials, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to reduce death and/or moderate-to-severe disability in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in high-income countries, while this has not consistently been the case in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many studies reporting on outcomes of neonates with HIE managed with TH are those conducted under controlled study conditions, and few reporting in settings where this intervention is offered as part of standard of care, especially from LMICs. In this study we report on short-term outcomes of neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE where TH was offered as part of standard of care. OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics and mortality rate at hospital discharge in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE. METHODS: Hospital records of neonates with intrapartum asphyxia were reviewed for clinical findings, management with TH (cooled or non-cooled) and mortality at hospital discharge. Inclusion criteria were birthweight ≥1800g, gestational age ≥36 weeks and moderate-to-severe HIE. Comparisons were made between survivors and non–survivors in cooled and/or non-cooled neonates. RESULTS: Intrapartum asphyxia was diagnosed in 856 neonates, with three having no recorded HIE status; 30% (258/853) had mild HIE, and 595/853 (69%) with moderate-to-severe HIE. The overall incidence of intrapartum asphyxia was 8.8/1000 live births. Of the 595 with moderate-to-severe HIE, three had no records on cooling and 67% (399/592) were cooled. Amongst 193 non-cooled neonates, 126 (67%) had documented reasons for not being cooled with common reasons being a moribund neonate (54.0%), equipment unavailability (11.1%), pulmonary hypertension (9.5%), postnatal age >6 hours on admission (8.7%), and improvement in severity of encephalopathy (8.7%). Overall mortality was 29.0%, being 17% and 53.4% in cooled and non-cooled infants respectively. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with mortality was severe encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Overall mortality in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE was 29% and 17% in those who were cooled. Cooling was not offered to all neonates mainly because of severe clinical illness, equipment unavailability and delayed presentation, making it difficult to assess overall impact of this intervention. Prospective clinical studies need to be conducted in LMIC to further assess effect of TH in short and long-term outcomes.
Legal Origin, Financial Development and Inequality: Finding another Approach to Explain the Relatively High Inequality Level in Latin America
Authors: Shi Keqin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inequality is becoming a more and more concerning problem for many places all over the world. Based on both historical and cross-national data, this paper found that financial development plays a crucial role in reducing inequality. Using legal origin as an instrumental variable, financial development affects Gini index negatively. Thus the underdevelopment of financial system in Latin America can help to explain the relatively high inequality level in this region.
Investigating the nature of soil phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. Jim , Debnath Abhijit , Sen Arup 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
AimsThe effectiveness of phosphate fertilisers decreases with increasing period of reaction. One explanation for this is that the phosphate (P) has changed its chemical form. Evidence for this is provided by fractionation schemes which include extraction with alkali, followed by extraction with acid. Our aim was to evaluate alkali and acid extraction procedures for their ability to reflect changes in phosphate form over time.MethodsWe measured the effect of period of reaction between P and an iron (hyroxy)oxide (goethite), an aluminium oxide, and a soil, using four methods. These are: extraction with acid, extraction with alkali, and extraction using two soil P fractionation schemes. ResultsPlots of P extracted by acid and by alkali through time were similar. This is not consistent with the idea that they extract different kinds of phosphate. With increasing period of reaction, more iron and more aluminium needed to be dissolved in order to dissolve the same amount of P. The rate of dissolution of iron and of aluminium decreased with increasing period of reaction. For fractionation methods, the amounts of P extracted from a soil by the first extraction steps decreased with time while the amounts extracted by the later steps increased. ConclusionsOur results are consistent with diffusion of P into the reacting materials rather than formation of different chemical forms. Phosphate diffused into defects and “repaired” them. Fractionation methods reflect increasing vigour of extraction rather than the presence of separate forms.