bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-pressure crystallography shows noble gas intervention into protein-lipid interaction and suggests a model for anaesthetic action
Authors: Melnikov Igor , Orekhov Philipp , Rulev Maksim , Kovalev Kirill , Astashkin Roman , Bratanov Dmitriy , Ryzhykau Yury , Balandin Taras , Bukhdruker Sergei , Okhrimenko Ivan , Borshchevskiy Valentin , Bourenkov Gleb , Mueller-Dieckmann Christoph , van der Linden Peter , Carpentier Philippe , Leonard Gordon , Gordeliy Valentin , Popov Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work we examine how small hydrophobic molecules such as inert gases interact with membrane proteins (MPs) at a molecular level. High pressure atmospheres of argon and krypton were used to produce noble gas derivatives of crystals of three well studied MPs (two different proton pumps and a sodium light-driven ion pump). The structures obtained using X-ray crystallography showed that the vast majority of argon and krypton binding sites were located on the outer hydrophobic surface of the MPs – a surface usually accommodating hydrophobic chains of annular lipids (which are known structural and functional determinants for MPs). In conformity with these results, supplementary in silico molecular dynamics (MD) analysis predicted even greater numbers of argon and krypton binding positions on MP surface within the bilayer. These results indicate a potential importance of such interactions, particularly as related to the phenomenon of noble gas-induced anaesthesia.
Dynamic modulation of inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations
Authors: Murphy Daniel A. J. , Xie Jiaxin , Harmer Catherine J. , Browning Michael , Pulcu Erdem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNegotiating with others about how finite resources should be distributed is an important aspect of human social life. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying human social-interactive decision-making in gradually evolving environments. Here, we report results from an iterative Ultimatum Game (UG), in which the proposer’s facial emotions and offer amounts were sampled probabilistically based on the participant’s decisions. Our model-free results confirm the prediction that both the proposer’s facial emotions and the offer amount should influence acceptance rates. Model-based analyses extend these findings, indicating that participants’ decisions in the UG are guided by aversion to inequality. We highlight that the proposer’s facial affective reactions to participant decisions dynamically modulate how human decision-makers perceive self–other inequality, relaxing its otherwise negative influence on decision values. This cognitive model underlies how offers initially rejected can gradually become more acceptable under increasing affective load (predictive accuracy ~86%). Furthermore, modelling human choice behaviour isolated the role of the central arousal systems, assessed by measuring pupil size. We demonstrate that pupil-linked central arousal systems selectively encode a key component of subjective decision values: the magnitude of self–other inequality. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, under affective influence, aversion to inequality is a malleable cognitive process.
Intense atmospheric rivers can weaken ice shelf stability at the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Wille Jonathan D. , Favier Vincent , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Kittel Christoph , Turton Jenny V. , Agosta Cécile , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , Picard Ghislain , Codron Francis , Santos Christophe Leroy-Dos , Amory Charles , Fettweis Xavier , Blanchet Juliette , Jomelli Vincent , Berchet Antoine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe disintegration of the ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula have spurred much discussion on the various processes leading to their eventual dramatic collapse, but without a consensus on an atmospheric forcing that could connect these processes. Here, using an atmospheric river detection algorithm along with a regional climate model and satellite observations, we show that the most intense atmospheric rivers induce extremes in temperature, surface melt, sea-ice disintegration, or large swells that destabilize the ice shelves with 40% probability. This was observed during the collapses of the Larsen A and B ice shelves during the summers of 1995 and 2002 respectively. Overall, 60% of calving events from 2000–2020 were triggered by atmospheric rivers. The loss of the buttressing effect from these ice shelves leads to further continental ice loss and subsequent sea-level rise. Under future warming projections, the Larsen C ice shelf will be at-risk from the same processes.
Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Schultz Erwin S. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Merkelzellkarzinom ist ein aggressiver neuroendokriner Tumor, welcher durch schnelles Wachstum und frühzeitige Metastasierung charakterisiert ist. Das mediane Erkrankungsalter liegt zwischen 75–80 Jahren. Mit Zunahme des durchschnittlichen Bevölkerungsalters tritt der einstmals seltene Tumor immer häufiger auf. Neben den klassischen Therapiesäulen Chirurgie, Strahlentherapie und Chemotherapie spielt die Immunonkologie auch beim Merkelzellkarzinom eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle.
Evidenz in der lokalen Therapie chronischer Wunden: Was ist gesichert?
Authors: Stürmer Ewa Klara , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: April 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChronische Wunden sind ein komplexes Symptom verschiedener Grunderkrankungen. Sie können bspw. vaskulärer, metabolischer oder immunologischer Genese sein. Auch wenn die Therapie dieser Grunderkrankungen im Vordergrund steht und zielführend ist, so beeinflussen diese Wunden die Lebensqualität der einzelnen Patienten oder Patientinnen stark. Zur Lokaltherapie chronischer Wunden steht ein breites Portfolio an Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Anders als in anderen Bereichen der Medizin ist die Evidenz für die verschiedenen Lokaltherapeutika meist gering. Deshalb rücken Experten-Empfehlungen und Leitlinien an ihre Stelle, die sinnvolle Behandlungspfade aufzeigen. Die wichtigsten Fragestellungen in der täglichen Praxis betreffen die Wahl und Effektivität der Wundspülung und des Wunddebridements, das Exsudatmanagement, den Einsatz von antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen in Lösungen und Wundauflagen, die Unterdruck-Wundtherapie (NPWT) und die Indikationsstellung zur Kompressionstherapie. Trotz des Mangels an Evidenz folgt die Behandlung chronischer Wunde einigen grundlegenden Prinzipien, die im folgenden Artikel inklusive der dazugehörigen Behandlungsempfehlungen dargestellt werden.
Maligne Adnextumoren der Haut
Authors: Saternus Roman , Vogt Thomas 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungNeoplasien der Hautadnexe (benigne oder maligne) können zum einen von den Talgdrüsen oder Haarfollikel ausgehen, zum andern auch eine Differenzierung Richtung ekkriner oder apokriner Schweißdrüsen zeigen. Auch Mischformen können vorkommen. Maligne Adnextumoren entstehen i. d. R. de novo. Dennoch ist auch die maligne Entartung einer vorbestehenden benignen Läsion möglich.Maligne Adnextumoren der Haut sind im Vergleich zu anderen nicht-melanozytären Hauttumoren insgesamt eine eher seltene Entität. Jedoch zeigt sich, dass die Inzidenz von malignen Adnextumoren in den letzten Jahren zugenommen hat. Ähnlich wie bei anderen Hautkrebsarten sind auch bei malignen Adnextumoren das Alter, UV-Strahlung und Immunsuppression wichtige Risikofaktoren der Tumorgenese.Da sich die Klinik sowohl von malignen als auch benignen Adnextumoren mit Ausnahme des Morbus Paget oftmals ähneln kann und wenig spezifisch ist, kommt der Histopathologie für die korrekte Diagnosestellung eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.Gemäß der Literatur sind die häufigsten malignen Adnextumore das Talgdrüsenkarzinom (23 %), der extramammäre Morbus Paget (19 %), das Hidradenokarzinom (15 %), das Porokarzinom (7 %) sowie das mikrozystische Adnexkarzinom (MAC) (5 %). Während manche Vertreter prognostisch mit einem Basalzellkarzinom vergleichbar sind (MAC), sind andere durchaus metastasierungsfähig vergleichbar den Plattenepithelkarzinomen (Talgdrüsenkarzinom, Porokarzinom). Andere Vertreter heben sich hier prognostisch besonders negativ ab mit hoher Lokalrezidivquote und Metastasierung, z. B. das Hidradenokarzinom.Dieser Übersichtsartikel fokussiert sich auf diese 5 relativ häufigen Adnex-Malignome, die prognostisch auch die gegebene Streubreite wiedergeben und die Erfordernis einer den jeweiligen Besonderheiten geschuldeten klinischen Versorgung und Nachbetreuung unterstreichen.
A scoring system to support surgical decision-making for cardial submucosal tumors
Authors: Geng Zi-Han , Zhu Yan , Chen Wei-Feng , Chen Shi-Yao , Zhong Yun-Shi , Zhang Yi-Qun , Ma Li-Li , Qin Wen-Zheng , Hu Jian-Wei , Cai Ming-Yan , Yao Li-Qing , Li Quan-Lin , Zhou Ping-Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) and non-tunneling techniques are two alternative options for the treatment of cardial submucosal tumors (SMTs). We aimed to establish a regression model and develop a simple scoring system (Zhongshan Tunnel Score) to help clinicians make surgical decisions for cardial submucosal tumors.
Patients and methods A total of 246 patients who suffered cardial SMTs and received endoscopic resection were included in this study. All of them were randomized into either the training cohort (n = 147) or the internal validation cohort (n = 99). Then, the scoring system was proposed based on multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training cohort and assessed in the validation cohort.
Results Of 246 patients, 97 were treated with STER and the others with non-tunneling endoscopic resection. In the training stage, four factors were weighted with points based on the β coefficient from the regression model, including irregular morphology (–2 points), ulcer (2 points), the direction of the gastroscope (–2 points for forward direction and 1 point for reverse direction), and originating from the muscularis propria (–2 points). The patients were categorized into low-score (< –4), medium-score (–4 to –3) and high-score (> –3) groups, and those with low scores were more likely to be treated with STER. Our score model performed satisfying discriminatory power in internal validation (Area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve, 0.829; 95 % confidence interval, 0.694–0.964) and goodness-of-fit in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = .4721).
Conclusions This scoring system could provide clinicians the references for making decisions about the treatment of cardial submucosal tumors.
Does endoscopic mean safer? A comparison of the short-term safety of endoscopic versus laparoscopic bariatric therapies
Authors: Fayad Lea , Schweitzer Michael , Itani Mohamad , Farha Jad , Hedjoudje Abdellah , Badurdeen Dilhana , Kumbhari Vivek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims There is minimal research on real-world, large-volume data comparing endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT) to laparoscopic bariatric therapy (LBT). This study aimed to compare 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality outcomes of primary EBT vs LBT using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program.
Patients and methods Patients aged 18 to 80 with body mass index (BMI) 35 to 40 kg/m2 undergoing primary procedures were included. Propensity score matching 1:50 was performed for EBT versus LBT based on age, sex, and BMI.
Results We matched 211 EBTs with 9,059 LBTs. Operative length (63.9, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 57.9, 69.8 versus 81.1, 95 % CI: 80.1, 82.1) and length of stay (0.49 days, 95 % CI: 0.29, 0.69 versus 1.43 days, 95 % CI: 1.41, 1.45) were significantly lower in the EBT group than the LBT group. There was no difference between EBT and LBT in the odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.08, 1.25), reoperation (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.05, 2.84), or reintervention (OR = 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.24, 3.99). After controlling for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, history of myocardial infarction, hypertension requiring medications, and diabetes, EBT continued to be associated with lower odds of having any adverse event (AE) than LBT, with an OR of 0.34 (95 % CI: 0.16, 0.69). Subgroup analysis comparing EBT to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) showed that EBT was associated with a lower risk having any AE than LSG, with an OR of 0.39 (95 % CI: 0.19, 0.79).
Conclusions EBT is associated with a lower 30-day AE rate and shorter procedural length and length of stay than LBT, with similar rates of readmission, reintervention, and reoperation.
Surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus using wide-area transepithelial sampling: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qumseya Bashar , Bukannan Aymen , Rosasco Robyn , Liu Xiuli , Qumseya Amira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Wide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS) is an emerging technique that may increase dysplasia detection in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of patients who underwent surveillance for BE assessing the additional yield of WATS to forceps biopsy (FB).
Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane library, ending in January 2021. The primary outcomes of interest were the relative and absolute increase in dysplasia detection when adding WATS to FB. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2
and Q statistic. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and classic fail-safe test.
Results A total of seven studies were included totaling 2,816 patients. FB identified 158 dysplasia cases, whereas WATS resulted in an additional 114 cases. The pooled risk ratio (RR) of all dysplasia detection was 1.7 (1.43–2.03), P < 0.001, I
2 = 0. For high-grade dysplasia (HGD), the pooled RR was 1.88 (1.28–2.77), P = 0.001, I
2 = 33 %. The yield of WATS was dependent on the prevalence of dysplasia in the study population. Among studies with high rates of dysplasia, the absolute increase in dysplasia detection (risk difference, RD) was 13 % (8 %-18 %, P < 0.0001, number needed to treat [NNT] = 8). The pooled RD in HGD was 9 % (2 %-16 %), P < 0.001, NNT = 11. For studies with a low prevalence of dysplasia, RD for all dysplasia was 2 % (1 %-3 %), P = 0.001, NNT = 50. For HGD, the RD was 0.6 % (0.2 %-1.3 %), P = 0.019, NNT = 166.
Conclusions In populations with a high prevalence of dysplasia, adding WATS to FB results in a significant increase in dysplasia detection.
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions to Single and Simultaneous Tone Pairs
Authors: Schairer Kim S. , Clukey Christopher , Gould Herbert Jay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDistortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) evoked by single tone pairs and three simultaneous tone pairs were recorded in 60 normal-hearing adult ears. The purpose was to replicate a previous study using the commercially available probe assembly of the Grason Stadler GSI 60 and including ear of presentation in the statistical analysis along with frequency and condition. DPOAE levels were comparable between ears and conditions, although differences among frequencies were found. Noise levels were comparable between ears and tended to increase with increases in frequency for both conditions. The latter trend was not noted with the previous study and may be due to differences in the probe assembly and/or test environment. Further, noise levels were significantly greater at 2000 and 8000 Hz in the simultaneous condition. Caution should be exercised when interpreting results in the simultaneous condition because not all frequencies may have optimal signal-to-noise ratios when the test is terminated.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, DPOAE = distortion product otoacoustic emission, OHC = outer hair cell
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Auditory Processing: Case Study
Authors: Gopal Kamakshi V. , Daly D. Michael , Daniloff Raymond G. , Pennartz Lori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAuditory sensitivity and processing ability were evaluated in a patient who suffered from hyperacusis, difficulty understanding speech, withdrawn depression, lethargy, and hypersensitivity to touch, pressure, and light. Treatment with fluvoxamine and fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) reversibly alleviated complaints. Testing while medicated and unmedicated (after voluntary withdrawal from medication for several weeks) revealed no difference in pure-tone thresholds, speech thresholds, word recognition scores, tympanograms, or acoustic reflex thresholds. Medicated SCAN ● A (a screening test for central auditory processing disorders) results were normal, and unmedicated results were abnormal. Unmedicated transient otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response waves I, III, and V were significantly larger bilaterally. Uncomfortable loudness levels indicated greater tolerance during the medicated condition. Central processing and vigilance were evaluated with analog-synthesized three-formant consonant-vowel syllables. While medicated, responses to stimuli at each ear revealed well-defined, labeling crossovers of about 90 msec. Vowel identification matched normal subject responses; labeling of /gE/jE/ and /bE/wE/ continua was well defined but all crossover points differed from normals (p < .0001). During unmedicated testing, responses to /gE/jE/ began at medicated levels but approached chance levels for the entire continuum within 10 min; labeling of /bE/wE/ was consistent with medicated responses throughout with earlier than normal crossover points.
Abbreviations: ABRs = auditory brainstem responses, ALRs = auditory late potentials, CNS = central nervous system, GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5–HT = 5–hydroxytryptamine, OCB = olivocochlear bundle, SAS = sparse acoustic stimuli, SSRIs = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, TEOAEs = transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, UCL = uncomfortable loudness level
Investigation of Binaural Interference in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adults
Authors: Allen Rose L. , Schwab Brady M. , Cranford Jerry L. , Carpenter Michael D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen speech recognition testing is performed under diotic conditions, some elderly persons with asymmetric hearing loss exhibit a phenomenon in which the performance of the poorer ear interferes with that of the better ear. This binaural interference phenomenon has been estimated to occur in 8 to 10 percent of elderly hearing aid users. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of this phenomenon in groups (n = 12) of young and elderly listeners with normal hearing, plus groups of elderly listeners with hearing loss who were aided or unaided. Of 48 subjects tested, only 2 exhibited significant evidence of binaural interference, a result that is close to that expected by chance. Although both of these subjects were elderly, one had normal hearing and the other was aided binaurally. A third elderly unaided subject exhibited a significant binaural advantage. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence of binaural interference in normal-hearing or hearing-impaired listeners in any decade of life.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, HFPTA = high-frequency pure-tone average of hearing levels at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, OA = older aided hearing-impaired adults, OHI = older unaided hearing-impaired adults, ON = older normal-hearing adults, SRT = speech reception threshold, WRS = word recognition score, YN = young, normal-hearing adults
Optimising self-organised volunteer efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Anping , Zhang Ke , Li Wanda , Wang Yue , Li Yang , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrowdsource volunteering efforts have contributed significantly to pandemic response and recovery during the COVID-19 outbreak. In such efforts, individual volunteers can collaborate to achieve rapid mobilisation toward emergent community demands. In this study, we quantitively study this phenomenon using the concept of self-organisation, by proposing a data-driven framework to investigate when and how self-organisation emerged during the pandemic response and how it relates to effectiveness of volunteer organisations in general. Using activity data collected from a mobile volunteer platform in Shenzhen, China, we found that volunteers’ task participation and social and task preferences show multiple phases of self-organisation in response to changing epidemic situations and centralised interventions. Simulation experiments further show that the self-organised volunteer system can become more responsive and more robust in the face of uncertain community demands with minimal centralised guidance.
Picking fights with politicians
Authors: Joyce Jack B. , Walz Linda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 2016 the UK held a divisive referendum on its membership of the European Union. In the aftermath, difference and division were rife in politics and in everyday life. This article explores how such difference and division play out in and through interaction through examining a citizen ‘picking a fight’ with a politician over how Brexit has been handled. Drawing on membership categorisation analysis we show how antagonism is interactionally accomplished. The analysis focuses on three categorial strategies which interlocutors use to achieve antagonism: establishing omnirelevant devices, categories and their predicates; explicitly challenging category membership; and partitioning a population. Beyond offering insights into moments of social life that are not easily captured, the findings contribute to an empirical conceptualisation of antagonism and illustrate how membership categorisation analysis can shed light on its interactional achievement.