bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Powder in Nitrite-Free Meat Emulsion Systems with Olive Oil: Effects on Color Stability
Authors: Frangopoulos Theofilos 
Published: June 2022

The replacement of nitrites and starch from Trigonella seed powder in the percentage of myoglobin and metamyoglobin as well as in the color factors (L*, a*, b*) in meat emulsions with olive oil was evaluated. The meat emulsions were prepared on the basis of complete replacement of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and starch with Trigonella seed powder, where the fat was removed by the Soxhlet method. Thus, two samples emerged, namely, the first sample that was the control and contained 3% starch and sodium nitrite (Starch + NaNO2) in the amount of 150 ppm and the second sample containing Trigonella at 3% (Dtfg) where the fat was removed by the Soxhlet method. The Dtfg sample had a higher percentage of oxymyoglobin (P < 0.05) throughout the maintenance period and lower percentages of metamyoglobin (P < 0.05) up to the fifth day of maintenance compared to the Starch + NaNO2 sample. The factors L* (brightness) and a* (red color) decreased more strongly in the Starch + NaNO2 sample compared to the Starch + NaNO2 sample.
The Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Blends and Conventional Diesel
Authors: Maroa Semakula , L. Inambao Freddie 
Published: June 2022

Through an experimental study, this work focused on finding the influence of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on waste plastic pyrolysis oils (WPPOs) with diesel as a base comparison fuel. The results show the amount of carbon monoxide emissions seemed to decrease at low engine loads up to intermediate loads of (50%), thereafter continued to increase significantly but marginally. Among fuels tested, blend WPPOB100 reported the highest BSFC, at 0% EGR flow rate. The value was 0.4751g/kW.hr. compared with 0.7235 g/kW.hr. at 30% EGR flow rate. Increased blend ratio had a direct decrease in brake power linearly. At 30% engine load, CD, WPPOB10, WPPOB20, WPPOB30 and WPPOB40 recorded values of 2.125 kW, 2.15 kW, 2.05 kW, 1.98 kW, 1.86 kW and 1.75 kW, respectively. Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) at 30% EGR flow rate, blend WPPOB10 had the highest reduction in temperature compared with the any other WPPO blends at 320°C. Increased blend ratio and EGR percentage flow rate increased smoke emissions within the test fuels blends. At 15% EGR flow rate, the following data were recorded: 7.53%, 7.1%, 6.72%, 6.25%, 6.0% and 5.4% for CD, WWPO10, WPPO20, WPPO30, WPPO40 and WPPO100, respectively.
Diet and Nutrition and Their Relationship with Early Childhood Dental Caries
Authors: Gonçalves Ferreira Luanna , de Campos Chaves Lamarque Giuliana , Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva Francisco 
Published: June 2022

Early consumption of foods containing sugar is increasing and one of the consequences of this exposure is caries in early childhood, that is, in children under 6 years of age. Early consumption results in the child’s taste and food choice throughout life, maintaining cariogenic dietary patterns. It is important to emphasize that most eating behaviors occur due to family influence. Therefore, an approach in dental prenatal care and consultations until the first year of age, allows the establishment of eating habits and oral hygiene, as well as guidelines and instructions for the adoption of certain measures that contribute to the health of pregnant women and babies. Based on the present study, we conclude the importance of establishing the relationship between the dentist and the pregnant woman, since early educational actions act directly on health in the gestational period and the child’s growth. The early consumption of sugar is correlated with the occurrence of caries in early childhood due to family habits. Therefore, it becomes relevant instructions that help in maintaining healthy nutritional habits and correct oral hygiene practices, since focusing on educational actions increases the chances of healthy gestational and infant development.
Diffusion Weighted (DW) MRI in Correlation with Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI for Characterization of Ovarian Masses
Authors: Radwan Doaa Abbas , Elshaarawy Fatma Anas , Gad Omnia Abd Elfattah , Elbarbary Aly Aly 
Published: June 2022

Background: Ovarian tumors; are the second most common gynecological tumor and in women are the fifth commonest tumor. Preoperative differentiation between benign and malignant tumors is essential to decide whether surgery is required, and which type of surgery is appropriate avoiding unnecessary surgery. In addition to conventional imaging, dynamic contrast and diffusion weighted images can aid in the separation of benign from malignant ovarian tumors. DWI is based on the notion that water molecules can freely diffuse in a low-cellular environment, but tissue hypercellularity restricts this. As a result, unlike most benign tumors, malignant ovarian tumors have restricted diffusion due to their hypercellular structure. DCE-MRI depends on contrast agent leaking from capillaries into extravascular extracellular space to allow for quantitative ovarian lesions characterisation.
Aim of the Work: To evaluate the role of diffusion- weighted MR imaging correlated to dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in characterization of ovarian masses.
Patients and Methods: thirty female patients were included in this study. Who referred to the radiology department by ovarian masses. All patients underwent detailed history taking, laboratory investigations, Pelvic ultrasound examination and MRI examination with DWI and DCE MRI. The correlation was done between MRI findings and the final pathological diagnosis.
Results: The sensitivity of conventional MRI was 72.73% while that of DWI was 100%. The specificity was lower for DWI (57,89%) compared to conventional MRI (73.68%), The mean ADC values for malignant lesions were (0.91 x 10-3 ± 0.25 SD mm2/s), while that for benign lesions were (1.68 x 10-3 ± 0.65 SD mm2/s), with cut off 1.2 x 10-3. Mature teratomas and endometriomas showed restricted diffusion with low ADC values (false positive).
Sensitivity of conventional MRI was 72.73% while that of DCE-MRI was 90.91%. The specificity was higher for DCE 100% compared to conventional MRI sequences 72.73%, as well as the accuracy which was 73.33% for conventional MRI while that of DCE was 96.67% and so addition of DCE to the MRI is expected to increase the specificity
and the accuracy of examination.
Conclusion: Adding DWI and DCE to conventional MRI signifies: utilising a completely non-invasive procedure with no exposure to radiation. It enhances the specificity of MRI, hence enhancing the radiologist's confidence in image interpretation, which will ultimately affect the prognosis and outcome of patients.
Recommender systems: Trends and frontiers
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Pu Pearl , Ricci Francesco , Zanker Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecommender systems (RSs), as used by Netflix, YouTube, or Amazon, are one of the most compelling success stories of AI. Enduring research activity in this area has led to a continuous improvement of recommendation techniques over the years, and today's RSs are indeed often capable to make astonishingly good suggestions. With countless papers being published on the topic each year, one might think the recommendation problem is almost solved. In reality, however, the large majority of published works focuses on algorithmic improvements and relies on data‐based evaluation procedures which may sometimes tell us little regarding the effects new algorithms will have in practice. This special issue contains a set of papers which address some of the open challenges and frontiers in RSs research: (i) building interactive and conversational solutions, (ii) understanding recommender systems as socio‐technical systems with longitudinal dynamics, (iii) avoiding abstraction traps, and (iv) finding better ways of assessing the impact and value of recommender systems without field tests.
Reconfigurable 4D Printing of Reprocessable and Mechanically Strong Polythiourethane Covalent Adaptable Networks
Authors: Cui Chenhui , An Le , Zhang Zhuolin , Ji Mengke , Chen Kun , Yang Yuxuan , Su Qi , Wang Fang , Cheng Yilong , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract4D printing has attracted tremendous interest because of its potential applications in smart devices, biomedical and tissue engineering. However, conventional shape memory polymers suffer from the single permanent shape and recovery direction, the flexibility of 4D printing is significantly limited. Besides, the cross‐linked networks of photocuring 3D‐printed objects cannot be reprocessed or repaired. To address these issues, the dynamic thiocarbamate bonds are introduced into the photocurable methacrylate to prepare reprocessable and self‐healable 4D printing polythiourethane (4DP‐PTU) with Young's modulus of 1.2 GPa and tensile strength of 61.9 MPa. The printed objects can be easily repaired by reprinting on the damaged surface. The shape memorized 4DP‐PTU features high shape fixity and shape recovery, and reconfigurable permanent shape brought by the solid‐state plasticity. A dual‐mode triggered alarm is obtained by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes to demonstrate the potential application in smart alarms for warning of laser exposure or fire case. Moreover, the surface wettability and cell adhesion performance of 4DP‐PTU with excellent biocompatibility can be facilely adjusted through the exchange reaction with sulfhydryl compounds. Accordingly, 4DP‐PTU may show vast potential applications in the field of robotics, smart alarm, bio‐implants and in solving the environmental challenges of 3D‐printed products.
A Sparse and Spike‐Timing‐Based Adaptive Photoencoder for Augmenting Machine Vision for Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Subbulakshmi Radhakrishnan Shiva , Chakrabarti Shakya , Sen Dipanjan , Das Mayukh , Schranghamer Thomas F. , Sebastian Amritanand , Das Saptarshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe representation of external stimuli in the form of action potentials or spikes constitutes the basis of energy efficient neural computation that emerging spiking neural networks (SNNs) aspire to imitate. With recent evidence suggesting that information in the brain is more often represented by explicit firing times of the neurons rather than mean firing rates, it is imperative to develop novel hardware that can accelerate sparse and spike‐timing‐based encoding. Here a medium‐scale integrated circuit composed of two cascaded three‐stage inverters and one XOR logic gate fabricated using a total of 21 memtransistors based on photosensitive 2D monolayer MoS2 for spike‐timing‐based encoding of visual information, is introduced. It is shown that different illumination intensities can be encoded into sparse spiking with time‐to‐first‐spike representing the illumination information, that is, higher intensities invoke earlier spikes and vice versa. In addition, non‐volatile and analog programmability in the photoencoder is exploited for adaptive photoencoding that allows expedited spiking under scotopic (low‐light) and deferred spiking under photopic (bright‐light) conditions, respectively. Finally, low energy expenditure of less than 1 µJ by the 2D‐memtransistor‐based photoencoder highlights the benefits of in‐sensor and bioinspired design that can be transformative for the acceleration of SNNs.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Investigation of a Sensing Functional Interface: DNA SAMs Hybridization
Authors: Pinto Giulia , Dante Silvia , Rotondi Silvia Maria Cristina , Canepa Paolo , Cavalleri Ornella , Canepa Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, a comprehensive study of a label‐free detection platform for the recognition of oligonucleotide sequences based on hybridization of thiol‐tethered DNA strands self‐assembled on flat gold films is presented. The study exploits in‐buffer spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements, a noninvasive method sensitive to monolayer films, supported by surface mass density change measurements (Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation, QCM‐D) obtained under comparable experimental conditions. SE and QCM‐D allow monitoring deposition of molecular precursors and DNA chain hybridization. Combining SE measurements with QCM‐D data paves the way for quantification of the assay through the possible calibration of SE data. Optical measurements also demonstrate the selectivity and recovery properties of the sensing platform. Broadband SE measurements are interpreted by means of an effective optical model. The model, complemented by information on film thickness (scanning probe nanolithography), and surface composition (monochromatic X‐ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, XPS), enables a clear spectral identification of UV DNA resonances and the formation of the thiolate interface with gold. Spectroscopic validation of the hybridization is complemented by employing labeled target strands. The influence of hybridization on UV resonances and optical thickness of the DNA film is discussed in the light of hypochromism, through comparison with QCM‐D data.
Secondary ligand engineering of nanoclusters: Effects on molecular structures, supramolecular aggregates, and optical properties
Authors: Wei Xiao , Lv Ying , Shen Honglei , Li Hao , Kang Xi , Yu Haizhu , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping new templates to evaluate the ligand engineering effect in manipulating nanoclusters from both molecular and supramolecular aspects remains highly desired in cluster science because it allows for an in‐depth understanding of structure‐property correlations. We herein presented the secondary ligand (i.e., the phosphine ligand) engineering based on an Ag29 nanocluster template and its dual effects on intracluster structures and intercluster aggregates. The “dissociation‐combination equilibrium” of phosphine ligands on the nanocluster surface was controlled by tailoring the C–H⋯π interactions within the ligand shell, which led to the fabrication of a family of [Ag29(BDT)12(PR3)x]3– nanoclusters. On the molecular level, the dissociation of phosphine ligands contracted the nanocluster framework, while the overall configuration of [Ag29(BDT)12]3– was retained. On the supramolecular level, the complete dissociation of phosphine ligands yielded a bare nanocluster, which followed a chiral crystallization mode, and its crystals displayed high optical activity, derived from circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence characterizations. Overall, this work presents the peripheral ligand effects in directionally controlling intracluster configurations and intercluster aggregations, which hopefully benefit future design and preparation of new nanoclusters or cluster‐based nanomaterials with customized structures and performances.
Microstructures and dielectric properties of fluorene polyester ternary nanocomposites optimized by zero‐dimensional and two‐dimensional fillers
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Wen Ming , Guan Feng , Zhao Kuo , Zhao He , Yin Jinghua , Feng Yu , Yue Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the limitations of dielectric, insulating and mechanical properties, pure polymers could not satisfy the requirements of technological development. Using inorganic fillers with excellent performance to modify it is the mainstream method at present. Ternary hybrid polymer composites can use fillers with excellent dielectric properties to improve their dielectric properties, showing potential in improving electrical insulation, dielectric, and other fields. In this work, fluorene polyester (FPE) films of different components are prepared by the solution blending method using zero‐dimensional silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and two‐dimensional boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) as fillers. Compared with SiO2/FPE composite films, ternary films exhibit better dielectric properties, short‐term breakdown strength and corona‐resistant lifetime. By investigating the interface features of BNNS, SiO2 nanoparticles and FPE matrix as well as the microstructure and properties of the films, the synergism mechanism of BNNS and SiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of FPE composite films is explored. The dielectric properties of the composites are investigated, including dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and corona‐resistant lifetime. This article focuses on clarifying the key role of BNNS in the electrical properties of ternary films and provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of 2D materials in the field of high insulation.
Giant dwarf crocodiles from the Miocene of Kenya and crocodylid faunal dynamics in the late Cenozoic of East Africa
Authors: Brochu Christopher A. , de Celis Ane , Adams Amanda J. , Drumheller Stephanie K. , Nestler Jennifer H. , Benefit Brenda R. , Grossman Aryeh , Kirera Francis , Lehmann Thomas , Liutkus‐Pierce Cynthia , Manthi Fredrick K. , McCrossin Monte L. , McNulty Kieran P. , Nyaboke Juma Rose 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe two new osteolaemine crocodylids from the Early and early Middle Miocene of Kenya: Kinyang mabokoensis tax. nov. (Maboko, 15 Ma) and Kinyang tchernovi tax. nov. (Karungu and Loperot, 18 Ma). Additional material referable to Kinyang is known from Chianda and Moruorot. The skull was broad and dorsoventrally deep, and the genus can be diagnosed based on the combined presence of a partial overbite, a subdivided fossa for the lateral collateral ligament on the surangular, and a maxilla with no more than 13 alveoli. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and combined morphological and molecular data support a referral of Kinyang to Osteolaeminae, and morphological data alone put the new taxon at the base of Euthecodontini. Some Kinyang maxillae preserve blind pits on the medial caviconchal recess wall. Kinyang co‐occurs with the osteolaemine Brochuchus at some localities, and together, they reinforce the phylogenetic disparity between early Neogene osteolaemine‐dominated faunas and faunas dominated by crocodylines beginning in the Late Miocene in the Kenya Rift. The causes of this turnover remain unclear, though changes in prevailing vegetation resulting from tectonic and climatic drivers may provide a partial explanation.
Neuroprotective effects of an engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on Parkinson's disease in mice by delivering GLP‐1 and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Heng , Wei Jing , Zhao Xiumiao , Liu Ying , Chen Zhihang , Wei Kehong , Lu Jiachen , Chen Wenjie , Jiang Meixiu , Li Shengjie , Chen Tingtao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsiderable evidence suggests that insulin resistance is closely linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to agents aiming at treating diabetes can be regarded as new neuroprotective strategies in PD, notably glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). However, the extremely short half‐life of GLP‐1 due to degradation by the ubiquitous proteolytic enzyme limits its clinical application. In this study, we engineered the recombinant integrant probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to create a strain EcN‐GLP‐1 that effectively delivers the heterologous GLP‐1 molecule. Subsequently, we assessed its neuroprotective effects on 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mice. We demonstrated that EcN‐GLP‐1 treatment could improve motor deficits, increase tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neurons, suppress microglia and astrocyte activation, reduce brain and colon inflammation, and ameliorate colonic barrier function damaged by MPTP induction. Meanwhile, we confirmed that the oral administration of EcN‐GLP‐1 could restore the disturbance of gut microbiota in the MPTP‐induced PD mice, by reducing the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Oscillospira, and increasing the level of Prevotella in the gut. These results support further development of an engineered probiotic platform in which production of GLP‐1 for gut‐brain disorders, such as PD.
Survival of cancer survivors with a new pancreatic cancer diagnosis
Authors: Pruitt Sandi L. , Tavakkoli Anna , Zhu Hong , Heitjan Daniel F. , Gerber David E. , Singal Amit G. , Halm Ethan A. , Beg Muhammad Shaalan , Maddineni Bhumika , Kansagra Ankit J. , Murphy Caitlin C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersons newly diagnosed with pancreas cancer and who have survived a previous cancer are often excluded from clinical trials, despite limited evidence about their prognosis. We examined the association between previous cancer and overall survival.MethodsThis US population‐based cohort study included older adults (aged ≥66 years) diagnosed with pancreas cancer between 2005 and 2015 in the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate stage‐specific effects of previous cancer on overall survival, adjusting for sociodemographic, treatment, and tumor characteristics.ResultsOf 32,783 patients, 18.7% were previously diagnosed with another cancer. The most common previous cancers included prostate (29.0%), breast (18.9%), or colorectal (9.7%) cancer. More than half of previous cancers (53.9%) were diagnosed 5 or more years prior to pancreas cancer diagnosis or at an in situ or localized stage (47.8%). The proportions of patients surviving 1, 3, and 5 years after pancreas cancer were nearly identical for those with and without previous cancer. Median survival in months was as follows for those with and without previous cancer respectively: 7 versus 8 (Stage 0/I), 10 versus 10 (Stage II), 7 versus 7 (Stage III), and 3 versus 2 (Stage IV). Cox models indicated that patients with previous cancer had very similar or statistically equivalent survival to those with no previous cancer.ConclusionsGiven nearly equivalent survival compared to those without previous cancer, cancer survivors newly diagnosed with pancreas cancer should be considered for inclusion in pancreas cancer clinical trials.
Modified valence aware dictionary for sentiment reasoning classifier for detection and classification of Covid‐19 related rumors from social media data streams
Authors: Arora Shruti , Rani Rinkle , Saxena Nitin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe perpetual increase in social media data due to social distancing policy in practice and the low cost of communication has acquired an interest in rumor detection in social media. During the togetherness of the globalized world in the pandemic situation of Covid‐19, social media applications drive excellent value to the analysts and journalists working in different domains. However, the unmoderated nature of social media users often leads to the spread of rumors due to a variety of opinions on government decisions, which becomes notoriously hard to detect. Also, the users may deny rumors as soon as they are debunked. This research extracts diffused information such as word cloud, hashtags, re‐tweets and so forth and uses it as features. These features are applied in the sliding windows of data streams to detect tweets that may be rumors by validating using credible news sources. To address the challenge of veracity, tweets are classified into rumors and nonrumors. A modified unsupervised VADER sentiment classifier is proposed to further classify rumors tweets into amalgamated, unauthoritative, or exaggerated. It is revealed from the results that the proposed classifier is quite efficient in finding and classifying rumorous tweets that arise in critical situations.