bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Ideal‐Bandgap Tin–Lead Alloyed Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Structural Dimension Engineering
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Kuan Chun‐Hsiao , Tian Yue , Chen Xu , Chen Zeng , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Xu Xuehui , Tang Xiangyang , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Zhu Haiming , Jiang Tingming , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInorganic tin–lead alloyed perovskite solar cells with optimal bandgap have gained increasing attention because of their higher theoretical efficiency limit, inherently robust stability, and potentials in all‐inorganic perovskite tandems. However, their efficiency has far lagged from their Pb‐based counterparts owing to some intractable problems such as poor crystallization and facile Sn2+oxidation. Here, a small amount of 2D perovskite PEAPb0.7Sn0.3I4is utilized to regulate the crystallization process of 3D CsPb0.7Sn0.3I3based on the temperature‐gradient annealing method. The X‐ray diffraction results show that a stable intermediate phase composed of 3D perovskite seeds and 2D phases is formed under a lower annealing temperature of 50 °C, and the pre‐crystallized 3D perovskites can promote the subsequent crystallization upon 80 °C annealing to attain high quality film. It is interesting that the 2D perovskite phase is ultimately mainly located between the 3D perovskite phase and hole transport layer as revealed by the time of flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry. The resulting perovskite exhibits a lower extent of non‐radiative recombination and better stability. Consequently, the device achieves a champion efficiency of 14.6% setting a new record for inorganic tin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This work sheds more light on the future progress of inorganic tin‐lead PSC.
Influence of external N‐containing donors on the neodymium‐based catalytic system for 1,3‐butadiene polymerization
Authors: Li Qiongrong , Wang Feng , Dong Jing , Zhang Huaqiang , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Heng , Zhang Xuequan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvaluation of the heteroatom tolerance capability of neodymium‐based precatalysts and its accompanied catalytic influences is of great significance for industrial production of polybutadienes because the corresponding active species is highly sensitive to heteroatom‐based impurities that are usually inevitable in the polymerization system. Based this consideration, the present research disclosed a systematical study of the influence of N‐containing donors on a ternary Nd‐based system of Nd(vers)3/DIBAH/TEA/EASC. It was found that the presence of 1% of such donors, regardless of their types that bears different electronic/steric properties, brought little influence on the catalytic activities as well as the cis‐1,4‐stereoselectivities of the catalytic system, giving cis‐1,4‐enriched polybutadienes with comparable yields. Furthermore, the presence of such a concentration of N‐donor also brought little influence on the coordinative chain transfer polymerization behaviors of the system, giving narrowly distributed polybutadiene products in a well‐controlled manner. Nevertheless, further increasing the concentration of N‐donors to >1% eventually led to a gradually decreased polymer yields due to the poison of the corresponding active species, and the obtained catalytic efficiencies were highly dependent on the types of N‐donors. The influence of the N‐donor on other parameters of the products, that is, molecular weights, polydispersities, and so forth, were also investigated, and the specific reasons were proposed.
Is there an interplay between the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and Platelet‐Activating factor?
Authors: Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Petsini Filio , Detopoulou Maria , Theoharides Theoharis C. , Demopoulos Constantinos A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious publications have reported a potent effect of COVID‐19 on platelet function and that the Spike protein enhances washed human platelet aggregation induced by various agonists. This study aims to evaluate whether mRNA vaccination for COVID‐19 affects human platelet‐rich plasma (hPRP) aggregation response, whether a recombinant Spike protein modulates PAF‐induced aggregation in hPRP and in washed rabbit platelets (WRP), and to investigate the effect of recombinant Spike protein on the PAF production in the U‐937 cell line. Our results showed that PRP from vaccinated individuals exhibited ex vivo lower EC50 values in response to PAF, ADP, and collagen. Platelet incubation with the Spike protein alone did not induce aggregation either in hPRP or in WRP, but resulted in augmentation of in vitro PAF‐induced aggregation in hPRP from non‐vaccinated individuals and in WRP. When PRP from vaccinated individuals was incubated with the Spike protein and PAF was subsequently added, elimination of the secondary wave of the biphasic aggregation curve was recorded compared with the aggregation induced by PAF alone. Collagen‐induced in vitro aggregation was dose‐dependently reduced when platelets were pre‐incubated with the Spike protein in all tested aggregation experiments. Stimulation of U‐937 by the Spike protein induced an increase in intracellular PAF production accompanied by elevation of the activities of all three PAF biosynthetic enzymes. In conclusion, since the Spike protein appears to modulate PAF production and activity, the use of compounds that act as PAF inhibitors, could be considered at least in mild cases of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Does environmental, social, and governance performance move together with corporate green innovation in China?
Authors: Zheng Mingbo , Feng Gen‐Fu , Jiang Ren‐Ai , Chang Chun‐Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research investigates the bidirectional cointegration relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and corporate green innovation with a panel of 770 Chinese listed firms during the 2011–2020. We find that there exists a long‐run bidirectional comovement between ESG performance and corporate green innovation output. ESG performance exerts a short‐run and long‐run causal link with green innovation output. The panel cointegration test and VECM estimation also support that ESG performance moves together with green innovation output for clean industries, while ESG performance only presents a long‐run relationship to green invention patents output for pollution industries. Our findings offer important value for policymakers and enterprises to propose an effective strategy to stimulate green innovation and improve ESG score.
Spatial variability of snow density and its estimation in different periods of snow season in the middle Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Feng Ting , Zhu Shuzhen , Huang Farong , Hao Jiansheng , Mind'je Richard , Zhang Jiudan , Li Lanhai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSnow density is an essential property of snowpack. To obtain the spatial variability of snow density and estimate it in different periods of the snow season remain challenging, particularly in the mountainous area. This study analysed the spatial variability of snow density with in‐situ measurements in three different periods (i.e., accumulation, stable and melt periods) of the snow seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 in the middle Tianshan Mountains, China. The simulation performances of the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and three machine learning (random forest [RF], extreme gradient boosting [XGB] and light gradient boosting machine [LGBM]) models were evaluated. Results showed that snow density in the melt period (0.27 g cm−3) was generally greater than that in the stable (0.20 g cm−3) and accumulation periods (0.18 g cm−3), and the spatial variability of snow density in the melt period was slightly smaller compared to that in other two periods. The snow density in the mountainous areas was generally higher than that in the plain or oasis areas. It increased significantly (p < 0.05) with elevation during the accumulation and stable periods. In addition to elevation, latitude and ground surface temperature also had critically impacted the spatial variability of snow density in the study area. In the current study, the machine learning models, especially RF, performed better than MLR for simulating snow density in the three periods. Based on the key environmental variables identified by the machine learning model and correlation analysis, this study also provides practical MLR equations to estimate the spatial variance of snow density during different snow periods in the middle Tianshan Mountains. This method can be used for regional snow mass and snow water equivalent prediction, leading to a better understanding of local snow resources.
Molecular tailoring approach as tool for revealing resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond: Case study of Z‐pyrrolylenones with the NH⋯OС intramolecular hydrogen bond
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Rusinska‐Roszak Danuta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth the experimental and calculated data reveal that a strong NH⋯OС intramolecular hydrogen bond closing the seven‐membered quasi‐cycle is formed in the Z‐isomers of pyrrolylenones. Comparison of the NH⋯OС intramolecular hydrogen bonds energies in the pyrrolylenones, estimated via the molecular tailoring approach, with the similar data for reference malonaldehydes shows that the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bonding occurs in both cases, the hydrogen bond energy being varied mainly within 10–20 kcal/mol. The combined application of function‐based and molecular tailoring approaches makes it possible to decompose the NH⋯OС total hydrogen bond energy in the pyrrolylenones into the π‐ and σ‐components. It is established that the contribution of the π‐component to the total N(O)H⋯OС hydrogen bond energy in the pyrrolylenones and malonaldehydes is almost the same (6–7 kcal/mol). Comparison of the π‐contribution to the total energy of the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bonding in the Z‐isomer of pyrrolylenones with the energy of the push‐pull effect in the E‐isomer of pyrrolylenones reveals that the resonance contribution to the total energy of the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the former significantly enhances with reference to the net resonance energy in the latter. The appearance of the resonance‐assisted hydrogen bond in the pyrrolylenones is possible due to the participation in the interaction of 10 or 14 π‐electrons satisfying the Hückel aromaticity rule.
Thyroid Antibody Titers and Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Thyroid Axis Activity in Levothyroxine‐Treated Women With Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism Receiving Atorvastatin or Metformin
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth metformin and statins reduce thyroid antibody titers in individuals with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The present study compared the impact of low‐grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance on levothyroxine action in subjects with this disorder. The study included 3 groups of women with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism matched for thyroid antibody titers and hormone levels: patients receiving atorvastatin (group A) or metformin (group B) and statin‐ and metformin‐naïve women (group C). Over the entire study period (6 months), all individuals received levothyroxine. Titers of thyroid antibodies, as well as concentrations of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, prolactin, lipids, glucose, insulin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. At baseline, the study groups differed in plasma lipids, insulin sensitivity, and hsCRP. In all groups of patients, levothyroxine decreased thyroid antibody titers, reduced thyrotropin levels and increased free thyroid hormone levels. Treatment‐induced changes in antibody titers and free thyroid hormone levels were strongest in group A, while the changes in thyrotropin were most pronounced in group B. The decrease in antibody titers correlated to a greater degree with hsCRP levels than with insulin sensitivity. The obtained results suggest that low‐grade systemic inflammation is a more important factor determining the impact of levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid hormone levels than insulin resistance.
Associations between frailty trajectories and cardiovascular, renal, and mortality outcomes in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Miksza Joanne , Zaccardi Francesco , Lawson Claire , Nixon Andrew C. , Young Hannah M.L. , Khunti Kamlesh , Smith Alice C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is characterized by the loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), numerous pathophysiological factors may be responsible for frailty development including inflammation, physical inactivity, reduced energy intake, and metabolic acidosis. Given that both CKD and frailty incur a significant healthcare burden, it is important to understand the relationship of CKD and frailty in real‐world routine clinical practice, and how simple frailty assessment methods (e.g. frailty indexes) may be useful. We investigated the risk of frailty development in CKD and the impact of frailty status on mortality and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).MethodsA retrospective cohort study using primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and the UK Office for National Statistics was undertaken in 819 893 participants aged ≥40 years, of which 140 674 had CKD. Frailty was defined using an electronic frailty index, generated electronically from primary care records. Cox proportional hazard and flexible parametric survival models were used to investigate the risk of developing frailty and the effect of frailty on risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, and ESKD.ResultsThe mean age of those with CKD was 77.5 (SD 9.7) years [61.0 (SD 12.1) years in no‐CKD group]; 62.0% of the CKD group were female (compared with 53.3% in no‐CKD group). The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of those with CKD was 46.1 (SD 9.9) mL/min/1.73 m2. The majority of those with CKD (75.3%) were frail [vs. 45.4% in those without CKD (no‐CKD)]. Over 3 years (median), 69.5% of those with CKD developed frailty. Compared with no‐CKD, those with CKD had increased rates of developing mild (hazard ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.04), moderate (1.30; 1.26–1.34), and severe (1.50; 1.37–1.65) frailty. Mild (1.22; 1.19–1.24), moderate (1.60; 1.56–1.63), and severe (2.16; 2.11–2.22) frailty was associated with increased rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality (mild 1.35; 1.31–1.39; moderate 1.96; 1.90–2.02; and severe 2.91; 2.81–3.02). All stages of frailty significantly increased ESKD rates.ConclusionsFrailty is highly prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in people with CKD, including mortality and risk of ESKD. Preventative interventions should be initiated to mitigate the development of frailty. The use of a simple frailty index, generated electronically from health records, can predict outcomes and may aid prioritization for management of people with frailty.
Spontaneous scalarization in (A)dS gravity at zero temperature
Authors: Marrani Alessio , Miskovic Olivera , Leon Paula Quezada 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study spontaneous scalarization of electrically charged extremal black holes in D ≥ 4 spacetime dimensions. Such a phenomenon is caused by the symmetry breaking due to quartic interactions of the scalar — Higgs potential and Stueckelberg interaction with electromagnetic and gravitational fields, characterized by the couplings a and b, respectively. We use the entropy representation of the states in the vicinity of the horizon, apply the inverse attractor mechanism for the scalar field, and analyze analytically the thermodynamic stability of the system using the laws of thermodynamics. As a result, we obtain that the scalar field condensates on the horizon only in spacetimes which are asymptotically non-flat, Λ ≠ 0 (dS or AdS), and whose extremal black holes have non-planar horizons k = ±1, provided that the mass m of the scalar field belongs to a mass interval (area code) different for each set of the boundary conditions specified by (Λ, k). A process of scalarization describes a second order phase transition of the black hole, from the extremal Reissner-Nordström (A)dS one, to the corresponding extremal hairy one. Furthermore, for the transition to happen, the interaction has to be strong enough, and all physical quantities on the horizon depend at most on the effective Higgs-Stueckelberg interaction am2− 2b. Most of our results are general, valid for any parameter and any spacetime dimension.
Gravitational thermodynamics without the conformal factor problem: partition functions and Euclidean saddles from Lorentzian path integrals
Authors: Marolf Donald 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermal partition functions for gravitational systems have traditionally been studied using Euclidean path integrals. But in Euclidean signature the gravitational action suffers from the conformal factor problem, which renders the action unbounded below. This makes it difficult to take the Euclidean formulation as fundamental. However, despite their familiar association with periodic imaginary time, thermal gravitational partition functions can also be described by real-time path integrals over contours defined by real Lorentzian metrics. The one caveat is that we should allow certain codimension-2 singularities analogous to the familiar Euclidean conical singularities. With this understanding, we show that the usual Euclidean-signature black holes (or their complex rotating analogues) define saddle points for the real-time path integrals that compute our partition functions. Furthermore, when the black holes have positive specific heat, we provide evidence that a codimension-2 subcontour of our real Lorentz-signature contour of integration can be deformed so as to show that these black holes saddles contribute with non-zero weight to the semiclassical limit, and that the same is then true of the remaining two integrals.
Hypertension urgencies in the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal trial
Authors: Weber Michael A. , Schmieder Roland E. , Kandzari David E. , Townsend Raymond R. , Mahfoud Felix , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Kario Kazuomi , Pocock Stuart , Tatakis Fotis , Ewen Sebastian , Choi James W. , East Cara , Lee David P. , Ma Adrian , Cohen Debbie L. , Wilensky Robert , Devireddy Chandan M. , Lea Janice P. , Schmid Axel , Fahy Martin , Böhm Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02439749) demonstrated significant reductions in blood pressure (BP) after renal denervation (RDN) compared to sham control in the absence of anti-hypertensive medications. Prior to the 3-month primary endpoint, medications were immediately reinstated for patients who met escape criteria defined as office systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 180 mmHg or other safety concerns. Our objective was to compare the rate of hypertensive urgencies in RDN vs. sham control patients. Patients were enrolled with office SBP ≥ 150 and < 180 mmHg, office diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg and mean 24 h SBP ≥ 140 and < 170 mmHg. Patients had been required to discontinue any anti-hypertensive medications and were randomized 1:1 to RDN or sham control. In this post-hoc analysis, cumulative incidence curves with Kaplan–Meier estimates of rate of patients meeting escape criteria were generated for RDN and sham control patients. There were 16 RDN (9.6%) and 28 sham control patients (17.0%) who met escape criteria between baseline and 3 months. There was a significantly higher rate of sham control patients meeting escape criteria compared to RDN for all escape patients (p = 0.032), as well as for patients with a hypertensive urgency with office SBP ≥ 180 mmHg (p = 0.046). Rate of escape was similar between RDN and sham control for patients without a measured BP exceeding 180 mmHg (p = 0.32). In the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal trial, RDN patients were less likely to experience hypertensive urgencies that required immediate use of anti-hypertensive medications compared to sham control.
Graphical abstract
Nigral neuropathology of Parkinson’s motor subtypes coincide with circuitopathies: a scoping review
Authors: Boonstra Jackson Tyler , McGurran Hugo , Temel Yasin , Jahanshahi Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe neuropathological substrates of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with motor subtypes tremor-dominance (TD), non-tremor dominance (nTD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and akinetic-rigid (AR) are not completely differentiated. While extensive pathological research has been conducted on neuronal tissue of PD patients, data have not been discussed in the context of mechanistic circuitry theories differentiating motor subtypes. It is, therefore, expected that a more specific and tailored management of PD symptoms can be accomplished by understanding symptom-specific neuropathological mechanisms with the detail histology can provide. This scoping review gives an overview of the literature comparing TD and nTD PD motor subtypes by clarify observed pathology with underlying physiological circuitry theories. Studies using an array of pathological examination techniques have shown significant differences between TD and nTD PD subtypes. nTD PD patients show higher neuronal loss, gliosis, extraneuronal melanin deposits, and neuroaxonal dystrophy in multiple subregions of the substantia nigra (SN) related to the overactivity of the indirect motor loop. TD patients show more severe cell loss specifically in medial SN subdivisions, and have damage in the retrorubral field A-8 that projects to the dorsolateral striatum and ventromedial thalamus in the direct motor loop. Pathological studies are consistent with neuroimaging data and support contemporary mechanistic circuitry theories of PD motor symptom genesis. Further multimodal neuroimaging and histological studies are required to validate and expand upon these findings.
Speech acts in the Dutch COVID-19 Press Conferences
Authors: Schueler Daan , Marx Maarten 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn open source corpus of all Dutch COVID-19 Press Conferences with sentences annotated on the basis of John Searle’s Speech Act taxonomy was created. It contains all 58 press conferences held between March 6 2020 and April 20 2021 and has 9.441 manually annotated sentences. Speech acts were annotated in a consistent manner, with a Krippendorff’s alpha of .71. The corpus is easy to use and rich in metadata, with lexical, syntactic, discourse (speaker, question or answer) features and information on the type of regulations being present. We analyse the press conferences in terms of speech act usage, giving insight into the use of speech acts over time, the relation of speech act usage to real world phenomena, the general structure of the press conferences and the division of roles between speakers. Relations were found between speech act usage and the type of press conference (i.e. easing, tightening or neutral) as well as the number of hospital admissions. Speech act classes showed preferred locations within the press conferences, indicating a general structure. Distinct roles between speakers were identified. We also investigate the use of our set of labelled sentences for training a speech act classifier and achieve a reasonable accuracy of .73 and a mean reciprocal rank of .74 with the state of the art transformer RoBERTa model.