bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVP Aided Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Porous CoMn2O4 for Catalytic Soot Oxidation
Authors: Vikram A. L. , Nithya R. , Nethaji S. , Dasari Harshini 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe present study investigates the catalytic properties of spinel CoMn2O4 in soot oxidation when synthesized using the sol‐gel combustion method. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for soot combustion was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The phase formation of CoMn2O4 was confirmed using XRD analysis. A highly porous and flaky structure was observed using SEM analysis. BET validated the increased surface area. The results demonstrated that CoMn2O4 exhibited excellent catalytic activity for soot oxidation, with T50% at 440 °C. The cause of the high catalytic activity was linked to the synergistic interaction of Co and Mn ions, which facilitated the generation of oxygen vacancies and improved the adsorption of oxygen species on the catalyst's surface. The study shows that CoMn2O4 has the potential to be an effective catalyst for oxidizing soot in diesel engine exhaust.
Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes between traumatic and nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Tang Ru , Zhang Shi‐Yao , Zhou Jia‐Yao , Gu Yue‐Long , Mao Song , Zhang Wei‐Tian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with traumatic and nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.MethodsCSF rhinorrhea patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2022 were recruited and categorized into traumatic and nontraumatic groups. The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared.ResultsA total of 94 patients with traumatic and 49 patients with nontraumatic CSF rhinorrhea were included. The prevalence of meningitis was significantly higher in traumatic CSF rhinorrhea patients (p = 0.012). Multifocal defects were more frequent in the traumatic group, while sphenoidal defects were significantly correlated with nontraumatic CSF rhinorrhea. Frontal defects were commonly identified in CSF rhinorrhea patients with meningitis than in those without, though no statistical significance was reported. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that male sex, iatrogenic traumatic CSF leak, and pneumonitis are independent factors for development of meningitis. An endoscopic approach combined with an external incision was performed in one patient and 24 patients in nontraumatic and traumatic groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Combined vascularized grafts were more commonly used in patients with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea (p < 0.05). No statistical difference in the success rate (100% vs. 97.9%) was documented between the two groups.ConclusionsMultifocal defects and meningitis were more prevalent in traumatic CSF rhinorrhea patients, leading to increased complexity in treatment management. Iatrogenic rather than accidental traumatic CSF rhinorrhea is an independent risk factor for development of meningitis. The endoscopic combined coronal extradural approach, in conjunction with various vascularized flaps, can effectively supplement skull base reconstruction, especially for complex traumatic CSF rhinorrhea.
Screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescents: prospective findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Zamora Gabriel , Al-Shoaibi Abubakr A.A. , Lavender Jason M. , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , He Jinbo , Baker Fiona C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to examine prospective associations between screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescents, and the extent to which problematic screen use (characterized by addiction, conflict, relapse, and withdrawal) mediates the association.

Methods
We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 9,243; ages 10–11 years in Year 1 in 2017–2019; 48.8% female; 44.0% racial/ethnic minority). Participants reported daily time spent on six different screen subtypes. Linear regression analyses were used to determine associations between typical daily screen time (Year 1; total and subtypes) and manic symptoms (Year 3, 7 Up Mania scale), adjusting for potential confounders. Sleep duration, problematic social media use, and problematic video game use (Year 2) were tested as potential mediators.

Results
Adjusting for covariates, overall typical daily screen time in Year 1 was prospectively associated with higher manic symptoms in Year 3 (B = 0.05, 95% CI 0.03, 0.07, p < 0.001), as were four subtypes: social media (B = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.32, p = 0.001), texting (B = 0.18, 95%CI 0.08, 0.28, p < 0.001), videos (B = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08, 0.19, p < 0.001), and video games (B = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04, 0.14, p = 0.001). Problematic social media use, video game use, and sleep duration in Year 2 were found to be significant partial mediators (47.7%, 58.0%, and 9.0% mediation, respectively).

Conclusion
Results indicate significant prospective relationships between screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescence and highlight problematic screen use, video game use, and sleep duration as potential mediators. Problematic screen use may be a target for mental health prevention and early intervention efforts among adolescents.
Fatty infiltration of periarticular muscles in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Otaka Keiji , Osawa Yusuke , Takegami Yasuhiko , Iida Hiroki , Funahashi Hiroto , Imagama Shiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Muscle mass and fatty infiltration can be assessed on computed tomography (CT) images using the cross-sectional area (CSA) and computed tomography attenuation value (CTV). Femoral head collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) may affect both values. We investigated factors influencing the CSA and CTV of the periarticular muscles in patients with ONFH.

Methods
Overall, 101 patients with ONFH with unilateral hip pain (stage 2, 24 patients; stage 3 A, 49 patients; and stage 3B, 28 patients) were included. The CSA and mean CTV of the bilateral gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), gluteus minimus (Gmin), and iliopsoas (IP) muscles were measured using CT cross-sections. Bilateral comparisons and associations with Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) stage were analysed. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the CSA and CTV.

Results
On the symptomatic side, the CSA was significantly lower for the Gmax, Gmed, and IP, whereas the CTV was significantly lower for all tested muscles (all p < 0.01). The CTV, but not the CSA, of the Gmax, Gmed, and Gmin was significantly associated with the JIC stage severity bilaterally (all p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed significant associations of the CTV with age, sex, and JIC stage (all p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Symptomatic ONFH leads to decreased muscle mass and increased fatty infiltration. Femoral head collapse progression is associated with a decrease in the CTV. Periarticular muscle assessment, including on the contralateral side, is important in patients with ONFH, particularly in older women.
Bacterial infection influences courtship behavior and mate choice in a wolf spider
Authors: Bauer-Nilsen Olivia , O’Toole Frank , Uetz George W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Infection and parasitism are serious risks that can influence male behavior and subsequently influence female mate choice. This paper summarizes recent experiments investigating the relationship between infection stress, male courtship, female choice and avoidance of infected mating partners. We studied the Brush-legged Wolf Spider, Schizocosa ocreata, whose mating behavior, consisting of complex male courtship and female mate choice, highlights complex evolutionary conflict between the sexes at adulthood. Male and female S. ocreata were experimentally infected with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and placed together in triad mating trials. Previous studies with S. ocreata show this pathogen to be sexually transmissible during copulation, suggesting that the ability to detect active infection in potential mates and to avoid mating with them would be advantageous. In trials, one female—either infected or not (control) - was paired with two males—one infected and one control (uninfected). Results showed that control (uninfected) females chose to mate significantly more often with control (uninfected) males than infected males. Infected females, on the other hand, chose infected and control males with equal frequency, suggesting a potential cost of being infected for females—reduced infection avoidance. Male courtship display rates (“bounces”) were higher overall in the group of control (uninfected) males. Furthermore, control males presented with an infected focal female displayed significantly reduced rates of courtship when compared to a control (uninfected) focal female, suggesting male preference is absent in infected males. These results confirm that infection stress has observable impacts on mating success and behavior, but also suggest that the costs of infection may be more subtle than expected and present themselves in ways that are not as dramatic as might be predicted.
The Month-to-Year Precursory and Synchronous Inherent Connections between Global Oceanic Modes and Extreme Precipitation over China
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yu , He Bian , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong , Xu Jianjun , Bao Qing , Hu Wenting , Mao Jiangyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The multiscale variability in summer extreme persistent precipitation (SEPP) in China from 1961 to 2020 was investigated via three extreme precipitation indices: consecutive wet days, total precipitation amount, and daily precipitation intensity. The relationships between precursory and concurrent global oceanic modes and SEPP were identified via a generalized linear model (GLM). The influence of oceanic modes on SEPP was finally investigated via numerical simulations. The results revealed that the climatological SEPP (⩾14 days) mainly appears across the Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and South China coast. The first EOF mode for all three indices showed strong signals over the Yangtze River. Further analysis via the GLM suggested that the positive phases of the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) in autumn, ENSO in winter, the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) in spring, and the western North Pacific (WNP) in summer emerged as the most effective precursory factors of SEPP, which could serve as preceding signals for future predictions, contributing 30.2%, 36.4%, 38.0%, and 55.6%, respectively, to the GLM. Sensitivity experiments revealed that SST forcing in all four seasons contributes to SEPP over China, whereas the winter and summer SST warming over the Pacific and Indian Ocean (IO) contributes the most. Diagnosis of the hydrological cycle suggested that water vapor advection predominantly originates from the western Pacific and IO in summer, driven by the strengthened subtropical high and Asian summer monsoon (ASM). The enhanced vertical water vapor transport is attributed to stronger upward motion across all four seasons. These findings are helpful for better understanding SEPP variabilities and their prediction under SST warming.
miRNome analysis reveals mir-155-5p as a protective factor to dengue infection in a resistant Thai cohort
Authors: Casadémont Isabelle , Ayala-Suárez Rubén , Modhiran Naphak , Tawfik Ahmed , Prot Matthieu , Paul Richard , Simon-Lorière Etienne , Díez-Fuertes Francisco , Ubol Sukathida , Alcamí José , Sakuntabhai Anavaj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health threat, with approximately 390 million infections annually, ranging from mild dengue fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. MicroRNA (miRNA) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators which may regulate host resistance to DENV infection. This study aimed to identify miRNAs involved in natural resistance to DENV infection. Individuals from a dengue-endemic area were classified as susceptible (SD) or resistant (RD) according to their anti-DENV antibody status. RD individuals were seronegative despite high local DENV infection prevalence. Monocytes susceptibility to DENV infection was assessed in vitro. The miRNome profiles of the monocytes from 7 individuals per group were assessed upon mock or DENV-2 infection. The antiviral effect of differentially expressed miRNAs was analyzed using miRNA mimics in HeLa cells followed by infection with DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 serotypes. We performed RNA-seq on miRNA mimic-transfected cells to identify miRNA-targeted genes interacting with DENV proteins. Monocytes from RD individuals exhibit lower DENV-2 production in vitro. The miRNAs miR-155, miR-132-3p, miR-576-5p were overexpressed in monocytes from RD group upon DENV-2 infection. The transfection of miR-155-5p mimic reduced DENV infection and viral production in HeLa cells, regulating 18 genes interacting with DENV proteins and downregulating target genes involved in interferon response, TP53 regulation, apoptosis, and vesicle trafficking (e.g. HSD17B12, ANXA2). Therefore, we show that monocytes from RD individuals show a distinct miRNA expression profile and reduced viral production. In vitro miR-155-5p upregulation induces an antiviral state, revealing potential therapeutic targets to treat dengue.
Structural basis for broad-spectrum binding of AT-9010 to flaviviral methyltransferases
Authors: Krejcova Katerina , Boura Evzen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
AT-9010 (2'-methyl-2'-fluoro guanosine triphosphate) is a GTP analog whose prodrug, AT-752 is under consideration in human medicine as a potential antiviral drug against certain flaviviruses. It was previously believed to inhibit viral replication by acting primarily as a chain terminator. However, it was discovered recently that it also binds the GTP binding site of the methyltransferase (MTase) domain of the orthoflavivirus polymerase, thus interfering with RNA capping. Here, we investigated the binding of AT-9010 to Ntaya and Zika virus MTases. Structural analysis using X-ray crystallography revealed similar interactions between the base and sugar moieties of AT-9010 and key residues in both MTases, although differences in hydrogen bonding were observed. Our analysis also suggested that the triphosphate part of AT-9010 is flexible. Despite minor variations, the overall binding mode of AT-9010 was found to be the same for all of the flaviviral MTases examined, suggesting a structural basis for the efficacy of AT-9010 against multiple orthoflavivirus MTases.
Utilization of RFLP in V-Model methodology for the interdisciplinary development of Digital Twins
Authors: Fett Michel , Wilking Fabian , Goetz Stefan , Wartzack Sandro , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital Twins have numerous potentials like performance analysis, condition monitoring or process optimization. As the development of Digital Twins is a highly interdisciplinary task, it poses challenges and is therefore rarely utilized. This contribution considers the interdisciplinary development of Digital Twins as an interplay between sensors, models and IT infrastructure. It builds on previous publications that deal with the domains of models, sensors and IT infrastructures in the context of Digital Twins as well as domain-specific development procedures. For this purpose, the V‑model of VDI 2206 is used and modified for the context of the Digital Twin. In order to integrate the findings of the preliminary work into the V‑model at a more concrete level, they are sorted into an RFLP framework, which in turn is integrated into the V‑model. The resulting development approach covers the entire development process at a transferable, abstract level, while at the same time providing concrete steps at a directly applicable level. The results are illustrated using an exemplary application of an industrial gearbox.
Income and wage inequalities from automation. A European perspective
Authors: Lenzi Camilla , Panzera Elisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The literature on the automation-employment nexus has expanded significantly and rapidly over the last decade, highlighting both a contraction in employment, wages, and the labour share, as well as an increase in wage inequalities. Drawing on a large-scale analysis of all European (EU27 + UK) NUTS2 regions during the period 2011–2019, this paper re-examines these claims and highlights a decoupling between wage and income inequalities. This decoupling may be driven by reallocation effects across sectors and ripple effects that induce substantial downward pressure on wages.
Wasp pollination and pollinator filtering by dense hairs at the floral tube entrance in Marsdenia tinctoria (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Mochizuki Ko , Watanabe-Taneda Ayako 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The physical filtering of pollinators is an important factor influencing pollination effectiveness. This study explored the potential functions of dense hairs that completely obstruct the entrance of floral tube in Marsdenia tinctoria by characterizing the flowers of this species, as well as its pollinators and their behavior. The corolla was white upon blooming in the morning, then turned yellow at night, and the flower finally dropped by the third morning. The hairs tended to be disheveled in yellow-petaled flowers. Pollination success increased with floral age. Direct observations of flowers in natural M. tinctoria populations over a period of 32 h recorded 126 visitors, of which 70% were wasps. We observed pollinia attached to the mouthparts of wasps, carpenter bees, and honeybees, but not to those of butterflies, moths, flies, or ants. Detailed examination of insect mouthparts and floral morphology indicated that insect visitors that acted as pollinators had mouthparts longer than the floral tubes, equipped with hairs to which pollinia could attach. The mouthparts of potter wasps were often covered with pollinaria, carrying on average 30–75 pollinia. The dense floral hairs were penetrated by large-bodied visitors, and blocked smaller visitors. Disturbance of these floral hairs allowed smaller insects to access nectar, suggesting that the hairs function in preventing nectar theft by smaller insects. This study presents the first case of wasp pollination in the genus Marsdenia and provides insights into the potential function of its dense floral hairs, a synapomorphy of this genus, in filtering floral visitors.
On Common Zeros of Characters of Finite Groups
Authors: Lewis Mark L. , Morotti Lucia , Pacifici Emanuele , Sanus Lucia , Tong-Viet Hung P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let G be a finite group, and let

$$\textrm{Irr}(G)$$

Irr
(
G
)

denote the set of the irreducible complex characters of G. An element

$$g\in G$$

g
∈
G

is called a vanishing element of G if there exists

$$\chi \in \textrm{Irr}(G)$$

χ
∈
Irr
(
G
)

such that

$$\chi (g)=0$$

χ
(
g
)
=
0

(i.e., g is a zero of

$$\chi $$

χ

) and, in this case, the conjugacy class

$$g^G$$

g
G

of g in G is called a vanishing conjugacy class. In this paper we consider several problems concerning vanishing elements and vanishing conjugacy classes; in particular, we consider the problem of determining the least number of conjugacy classes of a finite group G such that every non-linear

$$\chi \in \textrm{Irr}(G)$$

χ
∈
Irr
(
G
)

vanishes on one of them. We also consider the related problem of determining the minimum number of non-linear irreducible characters of a group such that two of them have a common zero.
EmoReflex: an AI-powered emotion-centric developer insights platform
Authors: Madampe Kashumi , Grundy John , Nguyen Minh , Welstead-Cloud Ellen , Huynh Vinh Tuan , Doan Linh , Lay William , Hashim Sayed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There has been great interest in better understanding software engineer emotions during development. But how to do this? We built a prototype AI-powered Emotion-centric Developer Insights Platform, EmoReflex, to support developers to report and reflect how they feel when working on various tasks across different metrics. It also assists their managers to get insights into their team’s emotional health, and provides them with recommendations to guide them handle the team’s emotional wellbeing. We present our tool prototype and evaluation results generated by a user study conducted with two user groups consisting of twenty developers and twenty managers. We present some design implications derived from our user study that can be used to inform design decisions in emotion-centric software development tools.
Constraining genetic symbolic regression via semantic backpropagation
Authors: Reissmann Maximilian , Fang Yuan , Ooi Andrew S. H. , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evolutionary symbolic regression approaches are powerful tools that can approximate an explicit mapping between input features and observation for various problems. However, ensuring that explored expressions maintain consistency with domain-specific constraints remains a crucial challenge. While neural networks are able to employ additional information like conservation laws to achieve more appropriate and robust approximations, the potential remains unrealized within genetic algorithms. This disparity is rooted in the inherent discrete randomness of recombining and mutating to generate new mapping expressions, making it challenging to maintain and preserve inferred constraints or restrictions in the course of the exploration. To address this limitation, we propose an approach centered on semantic backpropagation incorporated into the Gene Expression Programming (GEP), which integrates domain-specific properties in a vector representation as corrective feedback during the evolutionary process. By creating backward rules akin to algorithmic differentiation and leveraging pre-computed subsolutions, the mechanism allows the enforcement of any constraint within an expression tree by determining the misalignment and propagating desired changes back. To illustrate the effectiveness of constraining GEP through semantic backpropagation, we take the constraint of physical dimension as an example. This framework is applied to discover physical equations from the Feynman lectures. Results have shown not only an increased likelihood of recovering the original equation but also notable robustness in the presence of noisy data.