bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Childbirth from the Point of View of Pregnant Women - Case Study
Authors: Zielinko Paulina , Krawczyk Dorota Anna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) should be appropriate in places, where people spend most of their time. This concept is strongly related to the topic of health and comfort of users of an antenatal classes, as indisputably IAQ parameters should be adjust to recommended level, to provide descent conditions for pregnant women. This paper was created to examine the indoor air quality in the rooms, where pregnant women spend most of their time, the paper shows results of research of selected parameters of indoor air quality in the building where antenatal classes are located. The measurements were carried out in Bialystok (Poland). Experimental research data were analyzed in respect of recommendations and compared with results of the survey, carried out among the participants during gymnastic and auditorium classes. For more accurate analysis, the paper presents the simulation of variability of carbon dioxide concentration with different value of air change rates and number of users. Moreover simulations of energy consumption were conducted. The work is summarized with conclusions indirectly related to the quality of the supply-exhaust ventilation system installed in the school, determining the level of its effectiveness and precision.
Hydrogeological Conditions and Mathematical Model of the Area Surrounding Hatra Suggested dam, Northwest Iraq
Authors: Ali Mohammed Abdilfattah , Salih Sabbar Abdullah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The area was hydrogeologically studied, it was found that the main aquifer is unconfined, it is located within Fat’ha Formation, and the hydraulic properties of this aquifer were also studied from the analysis of pumping tests data to determine the averages of transimissivity (T=671.027 m2/day), hydraulic conductivity (K=45.449 m/day), and storage coefficient (Sc=0.226). The groundwater levels and flow direction map was drawn, and it was found that the flow corresponds to the topographical slope of the land surface towards Tharthar valley, from the east - west towards the center of the study area, with a slight slope towards the south.
These are some data represent a database that can be used in the design of the proposed dam on Tharthar valley, and the policy of storage and water management in the dam, reservoir as well as to build a mathematical model to predict the future behavior of groundwater in the region.
Especially under the body of the dam to simulate the changes in groundwater conditions in the area of the small Hatra Dam Suggested on Tharthar valley, when storing water in front of a dam, and the expected engineering problems that would occur due to groundwater seepage under or on both sides of the dam body, by raising the water level within the valley – hypothetically, by 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 7m, 9 m and 11 m, assuming no pumping from the Aquifer during the rise of the level in the valley. as well as re-calculation with the same ranges of raising the level on another assumption, which is pumping from the wells in the area by 9 m3/ hour, for a period of time 6 hours per day, and determining the affected area by raising the level for each of the cases. The study indicated that the expected effect on the groundwater level starts when raising the water level inside the valley to four meters, and the clear increase continues at five meters, but the cumulative effect of raising the level from (7-11)m is slight. It also identified the sites that would allow the underground water to be pumped under the dam’s body, and the results were consistent with the geological reality of the area. These results will help in establishing an appropriate design for the foundations and structure of the dam.
The current study is one of the requirements for building a small dam within the plan for managing water resources and developing the region that suffers from desertification, drought and environmental degradation.
Interaction of Rutba-Dhabaa Groundwater with the Mulussa Aquifer Host Rocks, Western Iraq
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y. , Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMulussa aquifer extended the area of Rutba-Dhabaa, Western Iraq, has been studied in order to determine the most important chemical functions and interaction between rocks and groundwater (Groundwater–rocks interaction). The results of wet and dry periods indicated that Ca2+and SO42- in the groundwater are the dominant ions. Average of Hydrogen Number (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chlorine (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and nitrate (NO3-) are 7.43, 718.25 mg/l, 120.8 mg/l, 40.875 mg/l, 32.865 mg/l, 2.93 mg/l, 103.527 mg/l, 195.9 mg/l, 214.85 mg/l and 4.275 mg/l respectively in the dry period, while its averages 7.33, 664.2375 mg/l, 114.25 mg/l, 35.8 mg/l, 29.28 mg/l, 2.33 mg/l, 90.3 mg/l, 181.1 mg/l, 203.85 mg/l, and 3.6 mg/l respectively in the wet period. The groundwater is characterized by low alkalinity hard to very hard water, between moderately and excessively mineralized water, and fresh to slightly water in both periods. Rock–water interaction processes are indicating that there is a possible contribution of the seawater in Mulussa aquifer, the dominant process is limestone–dolomite weathering, where the source of calcium is rather than gypsum or silicates rocks, and contribution of calcite more than dolomite in the Mulussa aquifer.
Application of 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Techniques for Site Investigation in Ramadi City, Western Iraq
Authors: Abbas Sameer Sh. , Ahmed Muhanna M. , Abed Ali M. , Al-Menshed Firas H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ramadi city, western Iraq, is considered an area with risks resulting from the presence of gypsum soil near the surface and the water table on shallow depth which facilitates the solubility of the soil and creates a weak area. So a dipole-dipole array with an n factor of 6 and a -spacing of 2 m was used. Ten 2D resistivity imaging traverses and 3D resistivity imaging station were done. The robust constrained inversion method is used to obtain 2D and 3D models. The results show that the topsoil layer extends to 2m depth with resistivity of 800 to 4000 Ωm. This is caused by high inhomogeneities in the deposits. The weakness zones and Depositional lenses appears after 2m depth and extent to 9m with resistivity value extend from 200 to 800 Ωm. Finally, it is concluded that four main reasons for civil engineering failure in Ramadi city. These reasons may be the inhomogeneity of the underground deposition material. In addition, the existence of weak areas and sedimentation lenses, and the change of water table.
Evaluation of Seepage on the Right Side of Haditha Dam, West of Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Ameen Mowafaq , Salih Sabbar Abdullah , Irzooki Raad Hoobi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study aims to assess the water seepage through the right side of Haditha dam structures in western Iraq, using the finite elements method by an advanced computer software (SEEP/ W, 2012), the earth fill dam is 9 km long on the Euphrates River. Many attempts were done to ascertain the results of the program on a supposed earth dam and compare the results with the other analytical methods. The comparison reveal to very close results, and this indicate the suitability of the software for Haditha dam structures seepage analysis. After the verification of the results, then the real design information of the dam was input to analyse the dam, the input data are the height of the dam, width, slope of upstream and downstream, dimensions of the core, hydraulic conductivity of the different materials of the dam and the foundations. The results obtained from the SEEP/W2012 software were compared with the actual field data of the seepage amount for years (1989 - 2017) and with the water level in the dam reservoir for different periods. The result of comparison gave an idea to the efficiency of the dam protection against the seepage.
Through the SEEP/ W data, which simulates the dam sections, levels and discharges that calculated by the software, which is compatible with the field monitoring data, it can be said that the software was able to simulate the actual conditions of the dam and identify the weakness zones. Where the results displayed that the asphaltic diaphragm in good condition and efficient on the right side of the dam. The grouting curtain in the right side is efficient, except for the area between the two stations 15 and 25, the zone between two stations need a continuous monitoring. The results also reflect that earth fill materials and the central core of the dam are efficient, and seepage within permissible design values.
Seismicity of Iraqi western desert and surroundings: As an example of continental intraplate seismicity
Authors: Al-Halboosi Jasim M. , Mohammad Osama J. , Al-Heety Emad Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seismicity of Iraqi western desert and surroundings was investigated using a complete and unified magnitude earthquake catalog covering the interval from 1900 to 2017. A marked rise in number of the events in the study area was observed after the year 2000 compared to the previous years. The magnitude of majority of the recorded events ranged from 2 to 3.5 Mw. The value of b-constant in frequency-magnitude relation is 0.7. The epicentral distribution shows that the western desert is aseismic to very low seismicity area compared to the surrounding regions. The epicenters were clustered in five seismogenic zones. The focal depths division of the events exhibits that majority of the earthquakes occur in the upper crust. A causal relation may be between the study area seismicity and the zones of weakness and /or stress condensation at the fault intersections.
Comparison of the Manifestations of Western Region-Iraq Karst and Some Typical Karst Areas in the World
Authors: Al-Hetty Salam O. , Al-Salmani Nazar Z. , Mohammad Osama J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Karst is one of the geological manifestations that form different earth shapes and scenic landscapes. Which are generally divided into surface landscapes that are important its sinkhole and the sub-surface landscapes. The research aims to compare the manifestations of karst for the study area and the typical karst (holocaust) areas in the world. The most important of which are the caves, which result from the process of dissolution the rocks of all kinds, But the most important rocks formed for karst carbon rocks, especially limestone rock, due to its abundant and moderate solubility. add to evaporated rocks, especially gypsum, come second in the form of karst manifestations. There are several surface landscapes karst forms in the Western Desert such as a Solution and Collapse Sinkhole and subsurface landscapes karst such as cavities formed from carbonate and gypsum rocks. Landscapes karst distribution in variable shapes and dimensions on surfaces of the plateaus on Zor Hauran, Ubaid, Hussainiyat, Amij, Dammam, Umm Er Radhuma, Russ, and Ms`ad within Euphrates Fatha and Zahra formations, which belongs to Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras times. The meaning of the non-typical karst is that the surface karst forms such as (Sinkholes) and the subsurface karst forms such as (cavities) are few in number in addition to the size, depth and dimensions of these phenomena are small compared to the typical karst forms, which are characterized by the abundance of their numbers in addition to the huge size of these karst phenomena. There are a number of reasons and observations that make this phenomenon unclear and not typical for the study area because of Lithology, geomorphology, tectonic, and climatic reasons. In addition to the time factor, which has a main role in the development of karst. The type of karst in Iraq belongs to the arid and semi-arid karst group depending on classification of karst assemblages according to climate.
Miocene Stratigraphy of Abu-Jir Fault Zone, Al-Baghdadi Sub-Basin, Western Iraq.
Authors: Al-Qaisi Rasha , Alhadithi Abdulkhalq A. , Al-Hadidy Aboosh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stratigraphy of Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene age, suggested the carbonates evaporate succession in the area between Heet and Haditha cities within Abu-Jir fault zone has distinguished as “Al-Baghdadi sub-basin” after Al-Baghdadi city. It has NW–SE trending align the western bank of the Euphrates. Al-Baghdadi sub-basin is a local basin, which forms a part of the western marginal of the large foreland Tertiary basin (Zagros Basin) that was created on the Arabian shelf as a result of the collide of Arabian and Eurasian plates. The impact of the Abu-Jir fault on the formations on both regions of the Euphrates has been determined by observing the changes in thickness and lithofacies of the Euphrates, Jeribe and Fat’ha formations. On the western side, the Euphrates and Fat’ha formations were deposited with a relatively a little thickness, with absence of the Jeribe Formation between them and the top of the Euphrates Formation is above sea level. On the eastern side of the Euphrates River, the three formations were deposited with large thickness as compared to the western side, and the top of the Euphrates Formation is below sea level. This is enough to indicate that the western side was uplifting locally due to the activity of the Abu-Jir Fault as a positive flower structure during Miocene, while the eastern side was subsiding. Abu-Jir fault zone behaves as the basin bounding fault that acted like a growth fault. There are also variations in lithofacies between outcrops within Al-Baghdadi sub-basin as revealed from lateral missing or thinning of some layers.
Geometric optics analysis of inverted graded index fibers
Authors: Zubia Joseba , Aldabaldetreku Gotzon , Durana Gaizka , Illarramendi María Asunción 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We derive a general solution based on geometric optics that describes the light propagation properties in multimode optical fibers with inverted refractive index profiles. Using this general solution, we classify rays according to their propagation properties and calculate the analytical expressions of the ray trajectories inside these fibers under different launching conditions. In addition, we discuss the most suitable propagation conditions that maximize the confinement of light power in the vicinity of the core-cladding interface for sensing purposes.
Molecular dynamics analysis of friction-triggering process with spherical probe
Authors: Cheng Rongjun , Chen Jiaxing , Jian Hebang , Huang Qiangxian , Zhang Liansheng , Li Hongli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation with embedded atom method/Finnis–Sinclair potential function was utilised to study the friction properties of the friction-triggering process at the mesoscopic scale. The sliding friction process of a spherical probe with different diameters on the surface of a single-crystal aluminum matrix was simulated and the influences of sliding friction on the atomic behaviour of the surface under different contact conditions were analysed. The relationship between contact force and friction coefficient with spherical diameter was studied. The research shows that the plastic groove, normal force and friction force increase with the increase in probe diameter in the sliding friction process. The contribution of increasing spherical diameter to normal force is greater than that of friction force. The coefficient of friction varies with the ratio of the actual contact area to the normal force. After the running-in process is stable, the friction coefficient fluctuates around a certain value as theoretically verified by the two-term friction law. The increase in the diameter of the spherical probe leads to the increase in the number of dislocation atoms in the workpiece and the formation of dislocation rings, which result in the difference in the sliding friction process under indenters with different diameters. The results provide valuable reference for friction-triggering measurement based on 3D nanometre probes such as friction force microscopy.
Investigation on microstructure and impact toughness of simulated heat affected zone of high strength low alloy steels by laser-arc hybrid welding
Authors: Bao Liangliang , Huang Yiping , Liu Fujian , Xu Yanhong , Ouyang Kai , Han Tao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The microstructure and impact toughness of the simulated heat affected zone (HAZ) of a high strength low alloy steels by laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) were investigated in this paper. Homogeneous simulated HAZ specimens with different grain sizes were prepared using the welding thermal simulating technique. Instrumented impact test was conducted to investigate the toughness of the simulated HAZ. Multi-scale sub-structure characterization of the simulated HAZ specimens was implemented by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The instrumented impact test found that the peak temperature T

M
mainly affected the crack propagation process, the crack propagation energy E

p
decreased as the increase of T

M
, while the crack initiation energy E

i
barely changed, the decrease of crack stable energy E

a
led to the change of E

p
. The multi-scale sub-structure characterization showed that the prior austenite grain size (PAGS), packet width, block width both increased with the rise of T

M
. The block width was similar to the facet size in the crack unstable propagation zone of the simulated HAZ specimens. The block was the microstructure unit controlling the crack propagation process of the LAHW simulated HAZ specimens.
Copper-based metal-organic framework for highly efficient adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Lee Joon Yeob , Choi Jeong-Hak 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A nanomaterial, a copper-based metal organic framework (Cu-BTC MOF), was prepared by a one-step solvothermal synthesis method and applied for the removal of Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution via adsorption. The Cu-BTC MOF nanomaterial was characterized via x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. TEM and SEM images of the prepared Cu-BTC MOF presented octahedral crystals. Furthermore, EDX spectroscopy showed that the synthesized porous nanomaterial consisted of Cu, O, and C elements. The prepared Cu-BTC MOF was employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm modeling were conducted in detail. The maximum adsorption capacity values of the Cu-BTC MOF for Pb(II) ions at temperature conditions of 10, 25, and 40 °C were 890.94, 896.04, and 958.37 mg g−1, respectively. The synthesized Cu-BTC MOF showed high distribution coefficient (Kd) values, and it was very effective in extracting Pb(II) ions. In the Pb adsorption process, the molar ratio of Pb adsorption/Cu desorption was found to be close to 1 indicating that ion exchange with Cu ions in the Cu-BTC MOF material occurs and the cation exchange between Pb ions and Cu ions can be considered as a dominant mechanism of the adsorption.
Study on the preparation of silicon carbide from carbon in waste cathodes
Authors: Liao Hui , Li Longjiang , Mao Song 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Silicon carbide as the core material for third-generation semiconductors plays an important role in many fields; however, its large-scale applications as well as low-cost synthesis remain a challenge. Silicon carbide was prepared via carbothermal reduction using silicon dioxide and purified waste cathodes as the carbon source. The optimum conditions for preparing silicon carbide using waste cathodes are temperature = 1550 °C, molar ratio of carbon to silicon = 3:1 and holding time = 3 h. The microstructure of the prepared silicon carbide was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results of the prepared silicon carbide showed that β-SiC was the main phase of the prepared silicon carbide. The SEM results showed that the prepared silicon carbide was fibrous. The growth mechanism of silicon carbide was proposed using the thermodynamic calculations of chemical reactions.
Inconsistent evolvement of micro-structures and corrosion behaviors in cold/warm deformed austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Tao Huimin , Ding Mingming , Shen Cheng , Zhang Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of cold/warm deformation on the micro-structures and corrosion properties of type 304 stainless steel (SS) were studied by micro-structural analysis and electro-chemical tests. Strain-induced α′ martensite was produced by cold deformation but not by warm deformation at 100 °C, and it significantly influenced the surface nanohardness of SS. The corrosion resistance of the cold deformed 304 SS continued to decrease as the deformation reduction increased, while the corrosion resistance of the warm deformed 304 SS first decreased and then increased. The increases in strain-induced α′ martensite and dislocation tend to promote corrosion, but the increases in low-∑ coincidence site lattice boundaries, low angle grain boundaries and the severely disrupted random grain boundaries tend to resist corrosion. Warm deformation may provide a possibility of obtaining type 304 SS with high-strength and corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the coupling effect of dislocation and grain boundary.
AGP-based unitary coupled cluster theory for quantum computers
Authors: Khamoshi Armin , Chen Guo P , Evangelista Francesco A , Scuseria Gustavo E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electronic structure methods typically benefit from symmetry breaking and restoration, specially in the strong correlation regime. The same goes for ansätze on a quantum computer. We develop a unitary coupled cluster method based on the antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP)—a state formally equivalent to the number-projected Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer wavefunction. We demonstrate our method for the single-band Fermi–Hubbard Hamiltonian in one and two dimensions. We also explore post-selection as a state preparation step to obtain correlated AGP and prove that it scales no worse than

O

(

M

)

in the number of measurements, thereby making it a less expensive alternative to gauge integration to restore particle number symmetry.