bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do you value? Examining gendered responses to appeal letters
Authors: Hansen Ruth K. , Dula Lauren A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study builds on previous inductive analysis of fundraising professionals' choices in writing acquisition letters. Fundraisers often write in a way that aligns with one of two personal values, either foregrounding aspects of self‐transcendent Universalism values (an appreciation for community and the welfare of all people) or of conservation Security values (those of personal safety and stability for close others). Previous research also indicates that while women and men have different donation styles, targeted motivating language has yet to be explored. Using a national sample, this research tests public response to letters written for a fictional children's charity using content aligned with each option separately, and combined, compared to a control version. Using an experimental dictator game, Universalism values are found to be negatively related to giving across the board as compared to the valueless treatment. We find no statistically significant improvement in donor responses to acquisition appeals that choose to highlight either Universalism or Security values between men and women, although men were marginally less responsive to Universal, self‐transcendent values language. The discussion attempts to make sense of these results and the possible complications of running a donor acquisition campaign in the time of COVID‐19.
29.1: Invited Paper: The key technology of professional BD cell monitor
Authors: Diao Kai , Yu Hui , Liu Lei , Liu Jie , Shao Xibin 
Published: October 2022

The main research of this paper is about professional monitor which equipped with two combined LCD panel. It especially shows high dynamic range over 1000000:1, and over 1000 nit brightness for daily use.For its productization, we develop a set of key technologies to make a better performance, which include ghosting, color deviation, heat dissipation and temperature compensation.
Electroneutral Polymer Nanodiscs Enable Interference‐Free Probing of Membrane Proteins in a Lipid‐Bilayer Environment
Authors: Glueck David , Grethen Anne , Das Manabendra , Mmeka Ogochukwu Patricia , Patallo Eugenio Pérez , Meister Annette , Rajender Ritu , Kins Stefan , Räschle Markus , Victor Julian , Chu Ci , Etzkorn Manuel , Köck Zoe , Bernhard Frank , Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMembrane proteins can be examined in near‐native lipid‐bilayer environments with the advent of polymer‐encapsulated nanodiscs. These nanodiscs self‐assemble directly from cellular membranes, allowing in vitro probing of membrane proteins with techniques that have previously been restricted to soluble or detergent‐solubilized proteins. Often, however, the high charge densities of existing polymers obstruct bioanalytical and preparative techniques. Thus, the authors aim to fabricate electroneutral—yet water‐soluble—polymer nanodiscs. By attaching a sulfobetaine group to the commercial polymers DIBMA and SMA(2:1), these polyanionic polymers are converted to the electroneutral maleimide derivatives, Sulfo‐DIBMA and Sulfo‐SMA(2:1). Sulfo‐DIBMA and Sulfo‐SMA(2:1) readily extract proteins and phospholipids from artificial and cellular membranes to form nanodiscs. Crucially, the electroneutral nanodiscs avert unspecific interactions, thereby enabling new insights into protein–lipid interactions through lab‐on‐a‐chip detection and in vitro translation of membrane proteins. Finally, the authors create a library comprising thousands of human membrane proteins and use proteome profiling by mass spectrometry to show that protein complexes are preserved in electroneutral nanodiscs.
A New Insight into the Capacity Decay Mechanism of Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Shumeng , Zhang Xiaodong , Ma Su , Fan Ersha , Lin Jiao , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mapping relationship between electrochemical characteristics and physicochemical properties of layered LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathodes is important to develop high energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Combining in situ and ex situ characterization, the effect of the H2‐H3 phase transition on the capacity decay and aging mechanism of NCA materials are systematically investigated. With the increase of cut‐off voltage, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the NCA interface shows an evolutionary path of formation‐thickening‐rupture. This phenomenon is closely related to the H2‐H3 phase transition. The volumetric stresses and strains caused by the H2‐H3 phase transition accelerate the formation and expansion of secondary particle microcracks in the electrode material, leading to the growth of interfacial CEI variations. The capacity of the electrode material can decrease even if the material does not experience the H2‐H3 phase transition due to the persistence of interfacial side reactions with calendar aging from long cycles. This work opens up a valuable perspective for the study of the mapping relationship between phase transition and electrochemical properties in Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes and provides guidance for developing high capacity and long cycle life LIBs.
The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA): A single‐cell molecular map for translational therapeutics accelerator in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhou Yadi , Xu Jielin , Hou Yuan , Bekris Lynn , Leverenz James B. , Pieper Andrew A. , Cummings Jeffrey , Cheng Feixiong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent advances in generating massive single‐cell/nucleus transcriptomic data have shown great potential for facilitating the identification of cell type–specific Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathobiology and drug‐target discovery for therapeutic development.MethodsWe developed The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA) by compiling an AD brain cell atlas consisting of over 1.1 million cells/nuclei across 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and so on) and cell types (astrocyte, microglia, neuron, oligodendrocytes, and so on). We conducted nearly 1400 differential expression comparisons to identify cell type–specific molecular alterations (e.g., case vs healthy control, sex‐specific, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4/ε4, and TREM2 mutations). Each comparison was followed by protein‐protein interaction module detection, functional enrichment analysis, and omics‐informed target and drug (over 700,000 perturbation profiles) screening. Over 400 cell‐cell interaction analyses using 6000 ligand‐receptor interactions were conducted to identify the cell‐cell communication networks in AD.ResultsAll results are integrated into TACA (https://taca.lerner.ccf.org/), a new web portal with cell type–specific, abundant transcriptomic information, and 12 interactive visualization tools for AD.DiscussionWe envision that TACA will be a highly valuable resource for both basic and translational research in AD, as it provides abundant information for AD pathobiology and actionable systems biology tools for drug discovery.Highlights
We compiled an Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain cell atlas consisting of more than 1.1 million cells/nuclei transcriptomes from 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) and cell types (e.g., neuron, oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglia).
We conducted over 1400 differential expression (DE) comparisons to identify cell type–specific gene expression alterations. Major comparison types are (1) AD versus healthy control; (2) sex‐specific DE, (3) genotype‐driven DE (i.e., apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4/ε4 vs APOE ε3/ε3; TREM2R47H vs common variants) analysis; and (4) others. Each comparison was further followed by (1) human protein‐protein interactome network module analysis, (2) pathway enrichment analysis, and (3) gene‐set enrichment analysis.
For drug screening, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis for all the comparisons with over 700,000 drug perturbation profiles connecting more than 10,000 human genes and 13,000 drugs/compounds.
A total of over 400 analyses of cell‐cell interactions against 6000 experimentally validated ligand‐receptor interactions were conducted to reveal the disease‐relevant cell‐cell communications in AD.
Efforts to Dismantle Traditional Public Schools: Literacy Consequences for Students
Authors: Lewis‐Spector Jill 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmerica's traditional public schools are facing challenges that may ultimately lead to their extinction. From their beginnings, some criticized them for being secular schools when much of the country was religious and wary of government. Today, the Internet has amplified conservative voices, swaying public opinion against government‐run schools, and citizens' opinions of them are extremely divided. School choice options have increased for homeschooling and private schools, and public charter enrollment has exploded, all competing with and siphoning funds from traditional public schools often accused of indoctrinating students in liberal ideology. These developments, spurred by the COVID‐19 pandemic and culture wars, damage traditional public schools and hurt literacy goals. Funding reductions mean fewer resources for struggling readers and difficulties retaining small class sizes in early grades that would contribute immensely to literacy development. Teachers are deeply dissatisfied, and states report difficulty in hiring qualified teachers for language arts and reading. Students' literacy development suffers. It is only when we better understand how literacy instruction and students' literacy achievements in traditional public schools are affected by efforts to dismantle these schools that we can begin to advocate for policies and constructive solutions for rebuilding them so they will serve all children well.
Arguments Against Vision Zero: A Literature Review
Authors: Abebe Henok Girma , Hansson Sven Ove , Edvardsson Björnberg Karin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite Vision Zero’s moral appeal and its expansion throughout the world, it has been criticized on different grounds. This chapter is based on an extensive literature search for criticism of Vision Zero, using the bibliographic databases Philosopher’s Index, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Phil Papers, and by following the references in the collected documents. Even if the primary emphasis was on Vision Zero in road traffic, our search also included documents criticizing Vision Zero policies in other safety areas, such as public health, the construction and mining industries, and workplaces in general. Based on the findings, we identify and systematically characterize and classify the major arguments that have been put forward against Vision Zero. The most important arguments against Vision Zero can be divided into three major categories: moral arguments, arguments concerning the (goal-setting) rationality of Vision Zero, and arguments aimed at the practical implementation of the goals. We also assess the arguments. Of the 13 identified main arguments, 6 were found to be useful for a constructive discussion on safety improvements.
Axiomatic Thinking, Identity of Proofs and the Quest for an Intensional Proof-Theoretic Semantics
Authors: Schroeder-Heister Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStarting from Hilbert’s Axiomatic Thinking, the problem of identity of proofs and its significance is discussed in an elementary proof-theoretic setting. Identifying two proofs, one of which is obtained from the other one by removing redundancies, leads, when used as a universal method, to a collapse of all proofs of a provable proposition into one single proof and thus trivialises proof identity. Principles of proof-theoretic harmony with restricted means of redundancy reduction might be used instead, though this limits one to a certain format of formal systems. The discussion of proof identity suggests the claim that annotations of proofs telling the reader which rule is applied at a particular step, must be considered part of the proof itself. As a general perspective, it is advocated that the investigation of intensional aspects of proofs should be given more space in proof theory and proof-theoretic semantics.
The EU as a Geoeconomic Actor? A Review of Recent European Trade and Investment Policies
Authors: Weinhardt Clara , Mau Karsten , Hillebrand Pohl Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe so-called geoeconomic turn stands for the increased tendency of countries to use economic policy instruments to promote or defend national interests vis-à-vis trading partners or rival powers. Scholars note a similar shift in trade and investment policies of the European Union (“EU”). However, there are few studies that examine whether this proclaimed shift at the policy level is reflected in outcomes. Against this background, this chapter examines the EU’s ability to position itself as a defensive geoeconomic actor. Based on three exploratory case studies—investment screening, Most-Favoured Nations clauses in Free Trade Agreements (“FTAs”), and the EU’s (non-)response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (“BRI”)—we find that the EU’s ability to act in line with its own geoeconomic ambitions varies across the policy initiatives studied. In particular, lack of alignment of individual EU Member States with a common EU policy stance serves as a possible challenge for implementing defensive geoeconomic policies. At the same time, we also find that that the EU’s own framing of what makes a policy initiative “geoeconomic” varies widely, and does not always correspond to the legal design or economic implications of a given initiative. These findings contribute to debates on the EU’s evolving relevance as a global actor and shed new light on recent conceptualizations of the geoeconomic turn.
From the Lab to the Stage: Practical Considerations on Designing Performances with Immersive Virtual Musical Instruments
Authors: Zappi Victor , Mazzanti Dario , Berthaut Florent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmersive virtual musical instruments (IVMIs) lie at the intersection between music technology and virtual reality. Being both digital musical instruments (DMIs) and elements of virtual environments (VEs), IVMIs have the potential to transport the musician into a world of imagination and unprecedented musical expression. But when the final aim is to perform live on stage, the employment of these technologies is anything but straightforward, for sharing the virtual musical experience with the audience gets quite arduous. In this chapter, we assess in detail the several technical and conceptual challenges linked to the composition of IVMI performances on stage, i.e., their scenography, providing a new critical perspective on IVMI performance and design. We first propose a set of dimensions meant to analyse IVMI scenographies, as well as to evaluate their compatibility with different instrument metaphors and performance rationales. Such dimensions are built from the specifics and constraints of DMIs and VEs; they include the level of immersion of musicians and spectators and provide an insight into the interaction techniques afforded by 3D user interfaces in the context of musical expression. We then analyse a number of existing IVMIs and stage setups, and finally suggest new ones, with the aim to facilitate the design of future immersive performances.
System-to-User and User-to-System Adaptations in Binaural Audio
Authors: Picinali Lorenzo , Katz Brian F. G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter concerns concepts of adaption in a binaural audio context (i.e. headphone-based three-dimensional audio rendering and associated spatial hearing aspects), considering first the adaptation of the rendering system to the acoustic and perceptual properties of the user, and second the adaptation of the user to the rendering quality of the system. We start with an overview of the basic mechanisms of human sound source localisation, introducing expressions such as localisation cues and interaural differences, and the concept of the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), which is the basis of most 3D spatialisation systems in VR. The chapter then moves to more complex concepts and processes, such as HRTF selection (system-to-user adaptation) and HRTF accommodation (user-to-system adaptation). State-of-the-art HRTF modelling and selection methods are presented, looking at various approaches and at how these have been evaluated. Similarly, the process of HRTF accommodation is detailed, with a case study employed as an example. Finally, the potential of these two approaches are discussed, considering their combined use in a practical context, as well as introducing a few open challenges for future research.
Audio Quality Assessment for Virtual Reality
Authors: Brinkmann Fabian , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA variety of methods for audio quality evaluation are available ranging from classic psychoacoustic methods like alternative forced-choice tests to more recent approaches such as quality taxonomies and plausibility. This chapter introduces methods that are deemed to be relevant for audio evaluation in virtual and augmented reality. It details in how far these methods can directly be used for testing in virtual reality or have to be adapted with respect to specific aspects. In addition, it highlights new areas, for example, quality of experience and presence that arise from audiovisual interactions and the mediation of virtual reality. After briefly introducing 3D audio reproduction approaches for virtual reality, the quality that these approaches can achieve is discussed along with the aspects that influence the quality. The concluding section elaborates on current challenges and hot topics in the field of audio quality evaluation and audio reproduction for virtual reality. To bridge the gap between theory and practice useful resources, software and hardware for 3D audio production and research are pointed out.
Embodied and Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments: Tactics and Exemplars
Authors: Olsen Sophus Béneé , Høeg Emil Rosenlund , Erkut Cumhur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the next generation of active video games (AVG) and virtual reality (VR) systems enter people’s lives, designers may wrongly aim for an experience decoupled from bodies. However, both AVG and VR clearly afford opportunities to bring experiences, technologies, and users’ physical and experiential bodies together, and to study and teach these open-ended relationships of enaction and meaning-making in the framework of embodied interaction. Without such a framework, an aesthetic pleasure, lasting satisfaction, and enjoyment would be impossible to achieve in designing sonic interactions in virtual environments (SIVE). In this chapter, we introduce this framework and focus on design exemplars that come from a soma design ideation workshop and balance rehabilitation. Within the field of physiotherapy, developing new conceptual interventions, with a more patient-centered approach, is still scarce but has huge potential for overcoming some of the challenges facing health care. We indicate how the tactics such as making space, subtle guidance, defamiliarization, and intimate correspondence have informed the exemplars, both in the workshop and also in our ongoing physiotherapy case. Implications for these tactics and design strategies for our design, as well as for general practitioners of SIVE are outlined.
The Legal Challenge of Robotic Assistance
Authors: Kähler Lorenz , Linderkamp Jörn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the legal implications of robotic assistance. Artificial intelligence, which shall make decisions autonomously or act autonomously in interaction with humans, is associated with a substantial potential for conflict that will also and especially become evident from a legal point of view. The more AI diffuses into people’s spheres of life, the more conflicts which are associated with it will become a major theme for both the legislator and the judiciary. Questions which they have to answer include who is liable in the case of an accident and how personal data recorded via robots might be used against the owner and for third parties, including government agencies. If robots carry out actions seemingly based on their own decisions the question arises whether robots are legal persons and acquire “personality” rights as a result. Building on the results from the Delphi expertise on the social conflict scenario, the chapter examines from a legal perspective the challenges that the diffusion of AI and robots brings with it in people’s spheres of life.
Implementing Responsible Research and Innovation: From New Public Management to New Public Governance
Authors: Loeber Anne , Bernstein Michael J. , Nieminen Mika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European Commission’s pursuit of “Responsible Research and Innovation” (RRI) and its implementation in the European Research Area serve to investigate how ambitious policy goals can be conveyed into action. Challenging about implementing policy is the need to foster coherence in the interpretation of policy goals while coordinating their elaboration in practice. This chapter identifies the European Commission’s approach to implementing RRI as a case of New Public Management, and contrasts this with efforts at ‘bottom-up’ RRI implementation. Experiments with involving researchers and other stakeholders in designing and executing concrete RRI actions that fit their professional setting are understood as manifestations of a New Public Governance approach to implementing RRI policy. It is found that such deliberation of policy concepts and goals, and their concretization in a context-specific learning-by-doing approach practically enables the uptake of normative policy ambitions in networks of interdependent, non-hierarchically related actors across diverse substantive and administrative contexts.
Managing the Responsibilities of Doing Good and Avoiding Harm in Sustainability-Orientated Innovations: Example from Agri-Tech Start-Ups in the Netherlands
Authors: Long Thomas B. , Blok Vincent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResponsible innovation (RI), also termed Responsible Research and Innovation, has emerged due to increasing concern over how to integrate ethical and societal values into research and innovation policy and governance (Von Schomberg 2013), in response to questioning of the societal role of science as well as populist resurgence in some countries (Long and Blok 2017a). Within a RI approach, innovators must consider three dimensions of responsibility, including the dimensions of (1) ‘avoiding harm’ to people and the planet, (2) ‘doing good’ through the offering of innovations that foster sustainable development, and (3) the development of facilitative global governance schemes (Voegtlin and Scherer 2017).
Conclusion: Implementation of Responsible Research and Innovation by Social Labs. Lessons from the Micro-, Meso- and Macro Perspective
Authors: Griessler Erich , Blok Vincent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we want to take a broader perspective and, based on the contributions to this book, identify the key lessons from the NewHoRRIzon project about RRI implementation in general and via Social Labs in particular. From a bird’s eye perspective, the NewHoRRIzon Social Labs can be seen as interventions that depend on and are affected by several interrelated levels which might be separated roughly in the micro-level of Social Labs, the meso level of organisations, and the macro-level of national and European research and innovation systems and policy making.