bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of Functionalized Heterocycles via Halogenation/Chalcogenation of Carbon‐Carbon Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Liu Shengshu , Zhang Bing‐Qian , Xiao Wen‐Ying , Li Yin‐Long , Deng Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHalogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) or chalcogen (sulfur, selenium)‐containing heterocycles are widely recognized as key building blocks in many natural products and bioactive targets. Catalytic asymmetric halogenation/chalcogenation of carbon‐carbon unsaturated bonds via onium ion transformations are efficient methods to obtain diverse chiral heterocyclic backbones. In the past few years, catalytic enantioselective versions of halo/thio/seleno‐functionalizations with various halogen and chalcogen electrophiles have experienced constant development. This review highlights those advances in preparing functionalized heterocycles promoted by chiral organocatalysts or metal‐based catalysts.magnified image
Photobiocatalytic Cascades for Acylating N‐Heterocycles with Natural Amino Acids via the 2‐Keto Acids
Authors: Cui Xuexian , Geng Wen‐Chao , Jiang Huifeng , Wu Bian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotobiocatalysis fully utilizing the unique reactivity of photocatalysis and efficient transforming biobased feedstocks of biocatalysis represents a promising approach for future green synthesis. However, photobiocatalytic cascade with biobased starting substrates has been rarely reported. Here, we present photobiocatalytic cascades that modify the N‐heterocycle with keto acids biocatalytically synthesized from natural amino acids. The types of aliphatic, aromatic, and polar natural amino acids are compatible with the photobiocatalytic cascades system. In addition, the cascade is compatible with a range of N‐heterocycles with moderate to good yield (up to 82%). Furthermore, the cascade system can reach gram scale (0.91 g) with a good separation yield, demonstrating the potential for scaling up production to practical application. This photobiocatalytic cascade can synthesize a range of important N‐heterocyclic derivatives from natural amino acids in a green fashion and paves the way for greener synthesis by combining biocatalysis and photocatalysis.magnified image
BF3 ⋅ Et2O Promoted Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Oxa‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Alkylidene Isoxazol‐5‐ones with Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zheng Yu , Qian Shencheng , Xu Pengcheng , Ma Tianting , Huang Shenlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of fused dihydropyran isoxazole derivatives has been developed by employing an intermolecular inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reaction of readily available alkylidene isoxazol‐5‐ones with unactivated alkenes. The reaction was promoted by inexpensive and commercially available BF3 ⋅ Et2O without the use of metal Lewis acids. This cycloaddition transformation could proceed under mild conditions with broad substrate scope, providing a variety of bicyclic 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrano[3,2‐d]isoxazoles.magnified image
Metal‐Free Cascade 1,4‐Conjugate Addition/Selective Annulation Strategy for Divergent Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles and 4‐Alkenylquinazolines
Authors: Tang Qiang , Xu Keke , He Xinwei , Shang Yongjia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA metal‐free cascade annulation of propagylamines with amidines for divergent synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles and 4‐alkenylquinazolines has been developed. The reaction is believed to proceed by sequential 1,4‐conjugate addition of amidines to propargylamines, 5‐exo‐dig annulation/aromatization to form the polysubstituted imidazoles, and nucleophilic addition/elimination/aromatization to quinazoline skeleton. In this reaction, a broad range of electron‐rich, electron‐neutral, and electron‐deficient propagylamines react well with amidines to give polysubstituted imidazoles and 4‐alkenylquinazolines in 53–93% yields. Moreover, the utility of this method was showcased by gram‐scale experiments and synthetic transformations of the product.magnified image
Responses of invasive and native plants to different forms and availability of phosphorus
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Pan Mingxin , Zhang Xue , Liu Yanjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseMany studies have assessed the various responses of alien plants to changes in overall nutrient or different nitrogen (N) availabilities. However, in natural soils, nutrients are present as different elements (e.g., N and phosphorus [P]) and forms (e.g., inorganic and organic). Few studies have explored whether invasive and native species differ in their responses to varying P availability and forms.MethodsWe grew five taxonomically related pairs of common herbaceous, invasive and native species alone or in competition under six different conditions of P availability or forms and assessed their growth performance.ResultsInvasive species overall did not produce more biomass than native species did in the various P conditions. However, the biomass response to organic forms of P was, relative to the response to inorganic forms of P, stronger for the invasive species than that for the native species and agreed with invasive species mainly allocating biomass to the root system under organic P conditions.ConclusionsWhile invasive species were not more promiscuous than the native species, they took great advantage of the organic P forms. Therefore, the invasion risk of alien species may increase in habitats with more organic P sources.
Mosaic Williams syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kalantari Silvia , Biagio Marta Di , Valente Enza Maria , Rossi Elena , Sirchia Fabio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a well‐known genetic disorder caused by heterozygous microdeletions of the 7q11.23 chromosome region. The main clinical features of the syndrome are characteristic facial dysmorphisms, cardiovascular and endocrine anomalies, short stature, mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability, and a recognizable cognitive and behavioral profile. Differently from large chromosomal imbalances and aneuploidies, mosaicism has only rarely been found in microdeletion syndromes, and mosaic cases with WS phenotype have never been reported. We here describe a 51‐year‐old female patient with the typical clinical features of WS, whose chromosomal microarray analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization disclosed a 54%–68% germline mosaicism for 7q11.23 deletion.
Simian homologues of human herpesviruses and implications for novel viral introduction to free‐living mountain gorillas
Authors: Smiley Evans Tierra , Lowenstine Linda J. , Ssebide Benard , Barry Peter A. , Kinani Jean Felix , Nizeyimana Fred , Noheli Jean Bosco , Okello Ricky , Mudakikwa Antoine , Cranfield Michael R. , Mazet Jonna A. K. , Johnson Christine K. , Gilardi Kirsten V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe endangered mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo is frequently in contact with humans through tourism, research activities, and illegal entry of people into protected gorilla habitat. Herpesviruses, which are ubiquitous in primates, have the potential to be shared in any setting where humans and gorillas share habitat. Based on serological findings and clinical observations of orofacial ulcerated lesions resembling herpetic lesions, an alpha‐herpesvirus resembling human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) has long been suspected to be present in human‐habituated mountain gorillas in the wild. While the etiology of orofacial lesions in the wild has not been confirmed, HSV‐1 has been suspected in captively‐housed mountain gorillas and confirmed in a co‐housed confiscated Grauer's gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri). To better characterize herpesviruses infecting mountain gorillas and to determine the presence/absence of HSV‐1 in the free‐living population, we conducted a population‐wide survey to test for the presence of orally shed herpesviruses. DNA was extracted from discarded chewed plants collected from 294 individuals from 26 groups, and samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction using pan‐herpesvirus and HSV‐1‐specific assays. We found no evidence that human herpesviruses had infected free‐ranging mountain gorillas. However, we found gorilla‐specific homologs to human herpesviruses, including cytomegaloviruses (GbbCMV‐1 and 2), a lymphocryptovirus (GbbLCV‐1), and a new rhadinovirus (GbbRHV‐1) with similar characteristics (i.e., timing of primary infection, shedding in multiple age groups, and potential modes of transmission) to their human counterparts, human cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, respectively.
Cu Single Atom Nanozyme Based High‐Efficiency Mild Photothermal Therapy through Cellular Metabolic Regulation
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Hou Zhiyao , Wang Man , Wen Ding , Li Chunxia , Liu Yuhui , Zhao Yanli , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUpregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) drastically compromises the treatment effect of mild photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein, we designed a polyporous Cu single atom nanozyme (Cu SAzyme) loaded with licogliflozin (LIK066) for HSP‐silencing induced mild PTT. On one hand, LIK066 inhibits glucose uptake by shutting sodium‐dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) “valve”, effectively blocking the energy source for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Without sufficient energy, cancer cells cannot synthesize HSPs. On the other hand, Cu SAzyme presents extraordinary multienzyme activities to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm formation, which can damage the existing HSPs in cancer cells. Through a two‐pronged strategy of SGLT inhibitor and ROS storm, LIK066‐loaded Cu SAzyme shows high efficiency for comprehensive removal of HSPs to realize mild PTT.
Nanoporous Single‐Crystalline Oxide Catalysts for Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2 with an Ultra‐wide Temperature Window
Authors: Li Wenting , Xie Kui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreferential oxidation of CO in H2 (PROX) reaction is a promising solution to the on‐board purification of CO‐contaminated H2 fuel for use in next‐generation proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However, achieving high CO selectivity, activity and structural stability across the wide temperature window remains a great challenge. Herein, we fabricate centimeter scale interfacial PROX catalysts grown from nanoporous single‐crystalline Pr2O3 and Nd2O3 monoliths with lattice surface‐deposited Pt clusters at nanoscale. We demonstrate complete and selective removal of CO in H2 over an unprecedented wide temperature window (253–403 K). The monoliths are integrated with an operational PEMFC to purify the H2 fuel contaminated with CO (30 ppm) and enable stable power output for >400 h; over two thousand times longer than without. This work demonstrates that the nanoporous single‐crystalline oxide monoliths can simultaneously achieve the stability and overall performance required to realize practically useful PEMFCs.
Ultra‐Tough and Recyclable Ionogels Constructed by Coordinated Supramolecular Solvents
Authors: Li Lingling , Li Weizheng , Wang Xiaoliang , Zou Xiuyang , Zheng Sijie , Liu Ziyang , Li Qingning , Xia Qunmeng , Yan Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of most hydrogels (ionogels) are considerably affected by covalently cross‐linked networks. However, the interactions between solvent/solvent molecules and solvent/polymer chains are usually ignored. Herein, a series of ultra‐tough ionogels were prepared via a supramolecular solvent, halometallate ionic liquid, in which cations and coordinating anions form a 3D supramolecular network. The linear polymer chains are physically cross‐linked with supramolecular solvents synergistically enhancing the strength (14.3 MPa), toughness (78 MJ m−3), and Young's modulus (55 MPa) of ionogels, effectively dispersing the stress concentration under load, and obtaining better fatigue resistance and higher fracture energy (198 kJ m−2). Furthermore, the reversible cross‐linking enables green recovery and recycling of ionogels, simply by water. This strategy shows broad applicability based on a variety of supramolecular solvents and coordinatable polymers.
Preparation of graded materials for miscible polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends by segregation under shear flow
Authors: Moonprasith Nantina , Tatsumichi Mizuki , Nakamura Kodai , Kida Takumitsu , Tsubouchi Kyoko , Hiraoka Tatsuhiro , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExposure to shear flow produced by a pressure‐driven capillary rheometer provides a concentration gradient without phase separation in miscible polymer blends of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate containing low‐molecular‐weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The strand surface extruded from the rheometer contains a large amount of PMMA. However, the strand is transparent because there is no light scattering due to phase separation. The segregation behavior, that is, enrichment of the PMMA content at the strand surface, is enhanced when the molecular weight of PMMA is low. Furthermore, the segregation is also enhanced at high temperatures and at high shear rates. By contrast, the die length barely affects the degree of segregation. The segregation phenomenon should be noted because it may facilitate the modification of the surface properties of various products.
Ökologische Betrachtung neuentwickelter Carbonbetonbauteile
Authors: Wappler Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAls Ergebnis des C3‐Projekts zeichnet sich der CUBE durch eine Vielzahl von neuen Bauteilen, Materialien und Konstruktionen aus. Der Beitrag untersucht ausgewählte Bauteile auf ihre ökologische Nachhaltigkeit, auch wenn bei Entwurf und Ausführung des Gebäudes konstruktive und statische, teilweise auch finanzielle Anforderungen stärker im Vordergrund standen. Für einzelne Wand‐ und Deckenbauteile wurde eine Ökobilanzierung nach EN 15804 erstellt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen von Stahlbetonbauteilen verglichen. Für die gekrümmte TWIST‐Fläche stehen keine Stahlbetonvergleichsbauteile zur Verfügung. Hier wurde ein repräsentativer Ausschnitt im Regelquerschnitt untersucht. Insgesamt sind die Umweltwirkungen der Carbonbetonbauteile vergleichbar mit denen von Stahlbetonbauteilen. Im Gegensatz zu Letzteren zeigen sich jedoch erhebliche Potenziale zur kurzfristigen Verbesserung der Umweltwirkungen.
Anti‐Proliferative Acyl Phenols and Arylnonanoids from the Fruit Rind of Myristica malabarica Lam.
Authors: Bauri Ajoy Kumar , Du Yongle , Brodie Peggy Jane , Foro Sabine , Kingston David G. I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the fruit rind of Myristica malabarica led to the isolation of eight known compounds that were identified as malabaricones A−D, promalabaricones B and C, 1‐(2,6‐dihydroxyphenyl)tetradecan‐1‐one, and ericanone by comparison with literature spectroscopic data. The structures of malabaricones A−D, promalabaricone B, and 1‐(2,6‐dihydroxyphenyl)tetradecan‐1‐one were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. In vitro assay of the isolated phenols indicated that they exhibited moderate anti‐proliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell. Compounds (1, 3, 5, 6 and 7) had the most potent activities, whereas the anti‐proliferative activities of compounds 2 and 4 were less potent.
Phytochemical Diversity in Relation to Cytogenetic Variability inInula racemosaHook.f., an Endangered Medicinal Plant of Himalayas
Authors: Mudassir Jeelani Syed , Shahnawaz Mohd. , Prakash Gupta Ajai , Lattoo Surrinder K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInula racemosa, a resourceful critically endangered medicinal herb in the Himalayas is traditionally utilized to cure various human disorders. The species is a wealthy source of sesquiterpene lactones has many pharmacological properties. To quantify and identify the best genetic stocks for a maximum build‐up of desired metabolites (isoalantolactone and alantolactone) among existent cytotypes in the species, LC‐MS/MS analysis was made. The other comprehensive experiments carried out at present included detailed meiotic examinations of different populations collected from different areas of Kashmir Himalayas. The results presented the occurrence of variable chromosome numbers asn=10 andn=20 in different populations, but the tetraploid cytotype (n=20) is new for the species. The LC‐MS/MS investigation revealed significant variability in the content of sesquiterpene lactones in different plant tissues (stem, leaf, and root). An upsurge in the quantity of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was noticed with increasing ploidy levels along the increasing altitudes. Therefore, a habit to accumulate abundant quantities of secondary metabolites and increased adaptability by species/cytotypes thriving at higher altitudes is seen among tetraploid cytotypes during the present investigation. Also, the chromosomal variations seem to enhance the flexibility of polyploid species primarily at upper elevations. Thus, the present study strongly provides quantification of elite cytotypes/chemotypes with optimum concentration of secondary metabolites.
Antiviral Disaccharide Lead Compounds against SARS‐CoV‐2 through Computer‐Aided High‐Throughput Screen
Authors: Li Binjie , Zhang Tianji , Li Jin‐ping , Yu Ming‐jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infects human epithelial cells through specific interaction with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition, heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as the attachment factor to promote the binding of viral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) to ACE2 on host cells. Though the rapid development of vaccines has contributed significantly to preventing severe disease, mutated SARS‐CoV‐2 strains, especially the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant, show increased affinity of RBD binding to ACE2, leading to immune escape. Thus, there is still an unmet need for new antiviral drugs. In this study, we constructed pharmacophore models based on the spike RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and performed virtual screen for best‐hit compounds from our disaccharide library. Screening of 96 disaccharide structures identified two disaccharides that displayed higher binding affinity to RBD in comparison to reported small molecule antiviral drugs. Further, screening PharmMapper demonstrated interactions of the disaccharides with a number of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a potential for disaccharides with multiple‐protein targets.
Isolated laryngeal Mucormycosis requiring laryngectomy
Authors: Lackey Taylor G. , Duffy James R. , Marshall Carrie , Fink Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a case of isolated laryngeal mucormycosis in a patient who presented in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient was managed with antifungal therapy and eventual total laryngectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first case presented of mucormycosis with isolated laryngeal involvement.
A Plausible Prebiotic Path to Nucleosides: Ribosides and Related Aldosides Generated from Ribulose, Fructose, and Similar Abiotic Precursors
Authors: Roche Tyler P. , Fialho David M. , Menor‐Salván Cesar , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Schuster Gary B. , Hud Nicholas V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prebiotic origins of ribose, nucleosides, and eventually RNA are enduring questions whose answers are central to the RNA world hypothesis. The abiotic synthesis of sugars was first demonstrated over a century ago, but no known prebiotic reaction produces ribose (an aldose sugar) selectively and in good yield. In contrast, ribulose, and fructose (ketose sugars) and other monosaccharides are formed in high yield by several robust abiotic reactions. It is reported here that ketose sugars ‐ both ketopentoses and ketohexoes ‐ serve as precursors for the formation of ribosides and other aldosides, as demonstrated by glycoside‐forming reactions involving barbituric acid, a plausibly prebiotic nucleobase. Moreover, a one‐pot reaction of glyceraldehyde and barbituric acid was discovered which under mild conditions, and without special minerals or other catalysts, results in the formation of glycosides. These results reveal that an exclusive or high‐yielding generation of free ribose was not required for its incorporation into processes that provided the foundations for life.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Directed Atroposelective C−H Iodination to Synthesize Axial Chiral Biaryl N‐Oxides via Enantioselective Desymmetrization Strategy
Authors: Yao Linxi , Gashaw Woldegiorgis Alemayehu , Huang Shaoying , Wang Yongtao , Lin Xufeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe discovery of enantioselective desymmetrization reactions to provide practical synthesis of enantio‐enriched atropisomeric biaryls is a challenging topic in the field of asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we report a highly enantioselective desymmetrization reaction for the synthesis of axially chiral biarylN‐oxides by atroposelective C−H iodination by using Pd(II) coordinated byN‐benzoyl‐l‐phenylalanine as a chiral catalyst at room temperature. A broad range of products were obtained in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 %ee). The products could be synthesized in gram scale, one of which was proved to be a powerful organocatalyst in asymmetric allylation reaction. Mechanistic evidence as well as DFT calculations point towards the factors that lead to high reactivity and excellent enantiocontrol in this reaction.
Metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration: Contemporary cytopathologic and biomarker assessment with clinical correlates
Authors: Cantley Richard L. , Wang Xiaoming , Reichert Zachery R. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Mannan Rahul , Cao Xuhong , Spratt Daniel E. , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Alumkal Joshi J. , Morgan Todd M. , Palapattu Ganesh , Davenport Matthew S. , Pantanowitz Liron , Mehra Rohit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnosis of metastatic prostatic cancer (MPC) by fine needle aspiration (FNA) can usually be rendered by typical cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features. However, MPC diagnosis may be complicated by transformation to atypical phenotypes such as small cell carcinoma, typically under pressure from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Predictive and prognostic biomarkers can also be assessed by IHC. This study illustrates how careful assessment of cytologic and biomarker features may provide therapeutic and prognostic information in MPC.DesignWe reviewed our anatomic pathology archives for MPC diagnosed by FNA from January 2014 to June 2021. Clinical histories, cytology slides, and cell blocks were reviewed. Extensive IHC biomarker workup was performed, including markers of prostate lineage, cell‐cycle dysfunction, Ki‐67, neuroendocrine markers, PDL1, and androgen receptor splice variant 7. Cases were reclassified into three categories: conventional type, intermediary type, and high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNC).ResultsEighteen patients were identified. Twelve had conventional MPC, including six of six ADT‐naive patients. Six of twelve (50%) with prior ADT were reclassified as intermediary or HGNC. Four intermediary cases included two with squamous differentiation and two with pro‐proliferative features. Two HGNC cases had typical small cell carcinoma cytomorphology. Expression of PDL1 was identified in two cases and ARv7 in three cases. Five of five intermediary and HGNC patients died of disease versus six of eleven with with conventional type.ConclusionsAggressive cytomorphologic variants were commonly identified in patients with prior ADT. Identification of nonconventional cytomorphology and increased proliferation can provide important prognostic information. Recognition of these changes is important for an accurate diagnosis, and the identification of high‐grade variants can affect therapeutic decision‐making. Clinically actionable biomarkers such as PDL1 and ARv7 can be assessed by IHC.