bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
independent character of students in learning during the pandemic
Authors: Nurazizah Reni 
Published: September 2022

Background: Online learning is carried out as the right step to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus, so that students will not miss lessons as planned in the curriculum for one academic year. When students learn at home following online learning provided by the teachers, parents are not always present to accompany and monitor the learning process of students, so inevitably independent learning is needed so that students can participate in learning activities and be responsible for complete the task of learning each subject. Teachers and parents must work together to supervise and encourage students to be able to learn independently.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which elementary school students' independent character during distance learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design and methods: This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were homeroom teachers and teachers of sports subjects. The data validation technique of this research is the source triangulation validation technique.
Results: The existence of good examples and cooperation between teachers and parents will help students to be able to imitate and do so, so that awareness and habits will be formed in students to become humans who are full of responsibility with their duties. From the online learning process that is currently being carried out, it is hoped that the teacher is not satisfied with providing material through one learning application that is commonly used, especially in elementary schools, which is only through the WhatsApp application, the teacher can provide learning materials by making learning videos that are easy for students to understand. By considering the number / portion given, so as to minimize the stress level of students, especially by giving assignments that are always given every day.
Parents as chaperones the long distance study results for elementary school students
Authors: Margini  
Published: September 2022

Background: Student parents are supposed to provide maximum chaperones in primary school study. However, some parents are not at home at all and work late into the night, including the parents of Pasir Jawa 01.
Purpose: The results of student study can be seen from parents' association. Therefore, the intent is to know the parent's relation to the students' learning during long distance study.
Design and methods: The method used was the quantitative method, the collection of data done with Numbers and written documentation. The analysis subject is student parents and student learning during the long range learning process.
Results: This study suggests that there is no or no influence between parent-teaching and student learning during long range study. This is because some of the student parents work late into the night so that the child feels inadequate to his or her parents' attention, when parents are not at home only a few students are accompanied by other family members, a parent's education, parental understanding in operating the technology and the student's parent's cell phone monitoring policies that cause a parent's absence from the results of a student's learning over long distances.
effect of home visit on the learning outcomes of class 3 students in SD IQ Al-Islam
Authors: Lukinah Ina 
Published: September 2022

Background: Home environment as the first place of education for students should be able to provide a good role for its development. In fact, it is realized that there are still many problematic families or home environments that cause problems for students, especially in the learning process at school. Students' problems can be seen from where the problems come from, both from relationships in the family and family situations. Family problems and family situations can affect students in school in terms of learning concentration and school activities, resulting in decreased student achievement. Therefore, guidance and counseling teachers need to carry out home visits.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of implementing a home visit on student learning outcomes.
Design and methods: This study uses quantitative research where data collection in the field is carried out by means of a questionnaire (Questionnaire). The object of this research is the home visit service and the learning outcomes of grade 3 students at SD IQ Al-Islam. The location in this study was conducted at SD IQ Al-Islam and the time of the study was conducted in November 2020.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the implementation of a home visit has a positive effect on student learning outcomes by 96% in grade 3 SD IQ Al-Islam, meaning the better the implementation of the home visit will improve student learning outcomes.
Impact of Phosphorous and Zinc Levels on the Productivity of Green Gram (Vigna radiate L.)
Authors: Khan Aman , Nawaz Haq , Rab Abdul , Asim Muhammad , Khan Ismail , Munsif Fazal 
Published: September 2022

Mung bean is one of the important Kharif pulses in Pakistan and is grown mainly for its edible seeds; therefore, fertilizers management is an important factor for improving mungbean growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted during the summer of 2013 at Palato Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, to determine the effect of phosphorus (P) and Zinc (Zn) on the yield and yield component of mungbean. The experiment consisted of four levels of P (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1) and four levels of Zn (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha-1). Data associated with the number of leaves and plant height illustrated that the higher number of leaves plant-1 (8.8) by an average was observed when P was applied at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 followed by 0 kg phosphorous (P) ha-1 (8.7) and Zn (Zn) application at the rate of 10 kg ha-1produced a maximum number of leaves plant-1 (9) followed by 15 kg ha-1(8.8) where 0 kg ZN ha-1 resulted in (7.7). Similarly, Zn significantly affected plant height, while P and interaction between P and Zn levels were non-significant. The higher plant height (95.1 cm) was observed when P was applied at the rate of 75 kg ha-1, followed by 50 kg P ha-1 (93.6 cm). Higher plant height (95.8cm) was recorded when ZN was applied at the 5 kg ha-1 followed by 10 kg ha-1(95.1cm). Higher numbers of nodules (13.1) were observed with the application of 50 kg P ha-1 followed by 75 kg P ha-1 (12.3), while the lowest (10.6) nodules were observed in the control plot. P application at the rate of 25 kg ha-1 produced a higher grain yield than 75 and 50 kg ha-1 and Zn application at the rate of 5 kg ha-1 produced a higher grain yield than 10 and 15 kg ha-1. Therefore, a lower rate of P 25 kg ha-1 and Zn 5 kg ha-1 is recommended for a higher yield of mungbean in the agro-ecological condition of Mardan.
Hydatid Cysts in Children
Authors: L. Delgado Arturo , Kopolo Mfuneko , Bangaza Dumo , Rosales Gonzalez Ernesto , Yamkela Luke , Thabana Moeketsi 
Published: September 2022

Hydatid disease is one of the important health problems in developing countries. Can affect any part of the human body, it commonly affects lungs and liver. Because of poor data and preventive measures in Sub-Saharan Africa, cystic echinococcosis (CE) is regarded as endemic disease. This is a retrospective study of children ages of 3 to 12 years admitted in pediatric surgical unit at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH), from April 2015 to aril 2020. We studied groups of age, sex, organs affected, treatment and complications. We studied 56 children; the group of age most affected was 5 to 10 years, females accounted for 51.8%, and male for 48.2%, lung hydatid cysts in 44.6% of cases, 41.1% had liver cysts, 8.9% of the patients had cysts in multiple locations. In 46 cases (82%), the treatment was surgical: punction-aspiration-injection and respiration (PAIR) removing the germinal layer, following in the post operatory with Albendazole and Praziquantel. In 10 cases (18//%) was given only medical treatment. Females were most affected, and the lungs were the organs most affected followed by liver.
What Drives Salespeople's Performance? the Role of Organizational Attributes and the Moderating Effect of Experience
Authors: Mustafi Mohitul Ameen Ahmed , Dolon Md. Shah Ali , Rashed Iftekhar , Rabbi Fazle 
Published: September 2022

The mobile telecommunications services industry has a high level of instability as a result of shifting market conditions, persistent market problems, and changing market demand. As a result, marketers need to take their customers' preferences into account.
With these considerations in mind, the goal of this study is to determine how the characteristics associated with the mobile communication services industry are presented to salesperson performance and how this influences sales personnel. Primary and secondary data sources were used in the investigation. In this study, we used a structured questionnaire, with 1 indicating strongly disagree and 5 indicating strongly agree. The data was analysed using both inferential and descriptive statistics. In Bangladesh, where the characteristics of mobile service providers are well documented, speculative data on elements influencing salespeople's performance was used. Structural Equation Modeling was utilised to identify impact factors connected to salesperson performance. Data was collected from active salesmen using a convenient sampling method. According to this study, just two parameters, external motivation and salespeople's political abilities, have a significant effect on predicting salespeople's effectiveness in mobile telecommunications in Bangladesh. As a result, business executives should take more initiative to improve their enterprises' performance, as this would benefit both salespeople and their organisations.
Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Smoked Fish Treated with Ocimum gratissimum Extract
Authors: Chinasa Okorie-Humphrey , Nneoma E. Obasi , Chukwunwike U. Enyi , Emem O. Ukpong , Nmesomachi N. Amuzie , Bethel U. Udume 
Published: September 2022

This work aims to the effect of three different concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) of Ocimum gratissimum extract on the proximate, mineral composition and sensory acceptability of smoked catfish and mackerel samples. Fresh fish samples were hot smoked in a locally fabricated smoking kiln at 1100C. Results showed that the moisture content of smoked catfish and mackerel was significantly different (P≤0.05) from the control sample. The percentage of crude protein content decreased in smoked catfish and increased in mackerel samples and also differed significantly (P≤0.05) compared with the control. Ash and fat content decreased in smoked fish and the crude fibre content was slightly increased in smoked mackerel. The minerals composition showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed although there were decrease in iodine and potassium content of catfish. There was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in organoleptic scores among the fish samples treated with 20% and 40% Ocimum gratissimum which were significantly higher than the control. This study concluded that Ocimum gratissimum inclusion does not have any adverse effect on the chemical composition of smoked fish sample but could improve their sensory quality.
Effect of Exogenous Application of Auxin on Leaf Cuttings of Mexican Snow Ball (Echeveria elegans Rose)
Authors: Mourya Seema , Topno Samir E. , Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Kashyap Sushil 
Published: September 2022

Aims: Succulents are on the rising trend of popularity due to its compromising behaviour with watering and durability indoors, creating a peaceful and healthy living condition. Thus it is the need of the hour to find a suitable propagation method or use of exogenous substances with propagation to assist regenerating new plants.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation entitled Effect of IAA and IBA Application on leaf cuttings of Mexican Snow Ball (Echeveria elegans). Was conducted in Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, during February, 2021 to April, 2021.
Methodology: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three (IAA 100 ppm, IAA 300 ppm, IAA 500 ppm, IBA 100 ppm, IBA 300, IBA 500 ppm, IAA + IBA (100 ppm + 500 ppm), IAA + IBA (500 ppm + 100 ppm) and Control replications. The treatment in each replication was allotted randomly. Nine treatments having one variety were tried in the experimental design.
Results: The results revealed that among all the treatments, application of IAA + IBA (100 ppm + 500 ppm) in treatment (T8) took minimum days to rooting (9.00), number of leaves (16.56), number of shoots (2.56), shoot height (15.56 mm), shoot diameter (16.44 mm), root length (29.00 mm) and in economic point of view treatment T8 IAA + IBA (100 ppm + 500 ppm) was found to be most economically viable in terms of gross return (Rs. 17,000), net return (Rs. 11,100) and benefit cost ratio (2.88).
Conclusion: According to the present investigation it is concluded that treatment IAA + IBA (100 ppm + 500 ppm) was found most effective in terms of growth of Echevaria (Echevaria elegan).
Hypokalemia in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Ogunkoya John Omotola , Bamidele Emmanuel Fikayo , Uduagbamen Peter Kehinde , Ladele Akindele Emmanuel , Ngubor Taamaka Davis , Eigbe Solomon Olubunmi , Adeboye Boluwatife Adetoyin 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, and the severity of hypokalemia, and the factors associated with hypokalemia among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Methods: Random sampling technique was employed in this study. Socio-demographic data such as age, gender, weight (kg), height (meters) and BMI (kg/m2) as well as presenting symptoms (pulmonary and extra-pulmonary), duration of admission, the need for mechanical ventilation and treatment outcomes (discharged or died) as well as the plasma level of potassium (mmol/l) were extracted from the medical records of RT-PCR confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 patients. Data collected were analyzed with IBM/ SPSS version 25.0 software. Discrete variables were presented as percentages and frequencies and the associations between qualitative variables tested using the Chi-square test at a level of significance of p < 0.05.
Results: Hypokalaemia was detected in 61 out of 117 COVID-19 positive subjects used for this study during hospitalization. The mean serum potassium was 3.45±0.633 mmol/L. The majority of hypokalemic patients (n=35, 29.9%) patients experienced a mild decrease in serum potassium level (3–3.4 mmol/L). Risk factors for hypokalaemia were female sex and patients presenting with sneezing or/and sore throat. There was no relationship between the plasma potassium level and comorbid factors. There was no increasing trend of 30-day mortality associated with lower plasma potassium level.
Conclusion: Plasma potassium levels should be monitored routinely and maintained within appropriate ranges in patients with COVID-19 especially in female patients as well as patient with significant upper respiratory symptoms such as sore throat and sneezing.
Receipt of Out-of-State Telemedicine Visits Among Medicare Beneficiaries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mehrotra Ateev , Huskamp Haiden A. , Nimgaonkar Alok , Chaiyachati Krisda H. , Bressman Eric , Richman Barak 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, states implemented temporary changes allowing physicians without a license in their state to provide care to their residents. There is an ongoing debate at both the federal and state levels on whether to change licensure rules permanently to facilitate out-of-state telemedicine use.ObjectiveTo describe out-of-state telemedicine use during the pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of telemedicine visits included all patients with traditional Medicare from January through June 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTelemedicine visits from January through June 2021 where the patient’s home address and the physician’s practice address were in different states.ResultsIn describing which patients and specialties were using out-of-state telemedicine, we focused on the period between January to June 2021. We chose this period because it was after the turmoil of the early pandemic, when vaccines became widely available and the health care system had stabilized, but before many of the temporary licensing regulations began to lapse by mid-2021. In the first half of 2021, there were 8 392 092 patients with a telemedicine visit and, of these, 422 547 (5.0%) had 1 or more out-of-state telemedicine visits. Those who lived in a county close to a state border (within 15 miles) accounted for 57.2% of all out-of-state telemedicine visits. Among the out-of-state visits in this time period, 64.3% were with a primary care or mental health clinician. For 62.6% of all out-of-state visits, a prior in-person visit occurred between the same patient and clinician between March 2019 and the visit. The demographics and conditions treated were similar for within-state and out-of-state telemedicine visits, with several notable exceptions. Among those with a telemedicine visit, people in rural communities were more likely to receive out-of-state telemedicine care (33.8% vs 21.0%), and there was high of out-of-state telemedicine use for cancer care (9.8% of all telemedicine visits for cancer care).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that licensure restrictions of out-of-state telemedicine would have had the largest effect on patients who lived near a state border, those in rural locales, and those who received primary care or mental health treatment.
Comparison of 1-Year Health Care Expenditures and Utilization Following Minimally Invasive vs Open Nephrectomy
Authors: Okhawere Kennedy E. , Milky Gediwon , Shih I-Fan , Li Yanli , Badani Ketan K. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceGiven the widespread adoption and clinical benefits of minimally invasive surgery approaches (MIS) in partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN), assessment of long-term cost implications is relevant.ObjectiveTo compare health care utilization and expenditures within 1 year after MIS and open surgery (OS).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using a US commercial claims database between 2013 and 2018. A total of 5104 patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent PN or RN for kidney cancer and were continuously insured for 180 days before and 365 days after surgery were identified. An inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was performed to examine differences in costs and use of health care services.ExposuresSurgical approach (MIS or OS).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes assessed included 1-year total health care expenditure, health care utilizations, and estimated days missed from work.ResultsOf the 5104 patients, 2639 had PN (2008 MIS vs 631 OS) and 2465 had RN (1816 MIS vs 649 OS) and most were male (PN: 1657 [62.8%]; RN: 399 [63.1%]) and between 55 and 64 years of age (PN: 1034 [51.3%]; RN: 320 [55.7%]). Patients who underwent MIS had lower index hospital length of stay compared with OS (mean [95% CI] for PN: 2.45 [2.37-2.53] vs 3.78 [3.60-3.97] days; P &lt; .001; for RN: 2.82 [2.73-2.91] vs 4.62 [4.41-4.83] days; P &lt; .001), and lower index expenditure for RN ($28 999 [$28 243-$29 796] vs $31 977 [$30 729-$33 329]; P &lt; .001). For PN, index expenditure was lower for OS than MIS (mean [95% CI], $27 480 [$26 263-$28 753] vs $30 380 [$29614-$31 167]; P &lt; .001). Patients with MIS had lower 1-year postdischarge readmission rate (PN: 15.1% vs 21.5%; odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.82; P &lt; .001; RN: 15.6% vs 18.9%; OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-1.00; P = .05), and fewer hospital outpatient visits (mean [95% CI] for PN: 4.69 [4.48-4.90] vs 5.25 [4.84-5.66]; P = .01; RN: 5.50 [5.21-5.80] vs 6.71 [6.12-7.30]; P &lt; .001) than those with OS. For RN, MIS was associated with 1.47 fewer missed workdays (95% CI, 0.57-2.38 days; P = .001). The reduction in health care use in MIS was associated with lower or similar total cumulative expenditures compared with OS (mean difference [95% CI] for PN: $331 [–$3250 to $3912]; P = .85; for RN: –$11 265 [–$17 065 to –$5465]; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, MIS was associated with lower or similar total cumulative expenditure than OS in the period 1 year after discharge from the index surgery. These findings suggest that downstream expenditures and resource utilization should be considered when evaluating surgical approach for nephrectomy.
Evaluation of Systemwide Improvement Programs to Optimize Time to Surgery for Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Tewari Pariswi , Sweeney Brian F. , Lemos Jacie L. , Shapiro Lauren , Gardner Michael J. , Morris Arden M. , Baker Laurence C. , Harris Alex S. , Kamal Robin N. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceLonger time to surgery (TTS) for hip fractures has been associated with higher rates of postoperative complications and mortality. Given that more than 300 000 adults are hospitalized for hip fractures in the United States each year, various improvement programs have been implemented to reduce TTS with variable results, attributed to contextual patient- and system-level factors.ObjectiveTo catalog TTS improvement programs, identify their results, and categorize program strategies according to Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC), highlighting components of successful improvement programs within their associated contexts and seeking to guide health care systems in implementing programs designed to reduce TTS.Evidence ReviewA systematic review was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Three databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Trials) were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2021 that reported on improvement programs for hip fracture TTS. Observational studies in high-income country settings, including patients with surgical, low-impact, nonpathological hip fractures aged 50 years or older, were considered for review. Improvement programs were assessed for their association with decreased TTS, and ERIC strategies were matched to improvement program components.FindingsPreliminary literature searches yielded 1683 articles, of which 69 articles were included for final analysis. Among the 69 improvement programs, 49 were associated with significantly decreased TTS, and 20 programs did not report significant decreases in TTS. Among 49 successful improvement programs, the 5 most common ERIC strategies were (1) assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators, (2) develop a formal implementation blueprint, (3) identify and prepare champions, (4) promote network weaving, and (5) develop resource-sharing agreements.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review, certain components (eg, identifying barriers and facilitators to program implementation, developing a formal implementation blueprint, preparing intervention champions) are common among improvement programs that were associated with reducing TTS and may inform the approach of hospital systems developing similar programs. Other strategies had mixed results, suggesting local contextual factors (eg, operating room availability) may affect their success. To contextualize the success of a given improvement program across different clinical settings, subsequent investigation must elucidate the association between interventional success and facility-level factors influencing TTS, such as hospital census and type, teaching status, annual surgical volume, and other factors.