bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent First Molars Clinical Status among School Children Aged 8-12 Years in Kathmandu
Authors: Khapung Anju , Rao G. Nagaraja , Shrestha Sujita 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Common oral diseases affecting school children are dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion. Teeth mostly affected by dental caries in permanent dentition of children are the permanent first molars. Permanent first molars are key factors in occlusion and are most susceptible to dental caries. They maintain arch perimeter and provide best anchorage. Loss of these teeth leads to various problems like space management, tooth migration, problem in mastication and malocclusion.
Objective: To assess the clinical status of first permanent molars among 8-12 year school children of Kathmandu.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 220 schoolchildren of age 8-12 years randomly selected from 2 private and 2 public schools of Kathmandu. Dental caries, gingival and oral hygiene status were measured by Decayed Missing Filled teeth (DMFT) index, Gingival index and Oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S) respectively. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and analyzed in SPSS version 20.
Results: The prevalence of dental caries in first permanent molars for study population was 54.5%. Mean DMFT score of first permanent molars was 0.96+1.2. Out of 867 molars examined, 197 (22.7%) were decayed. 98.5% of molars were erupted. Among the total study population, 184 (83.6%) had fair oral hygiene and 203 (83%) had gingivitis.
Conclusions: This study shows the need to improve oral health status of first permanent molars of school children through promotion of dental health awareness and curative public health measures at school level.
Od wielkich łowów do zarządzania konfliktem. Racjonalizacja agresji jako próba emancypacji od zwierzęcej natury
Authors: Kukowska Katarzyna , Skolik Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

W klasycznych paradygmatach nauk społecznych konflikty interpersonalne traktuje się jako przeszkody w osiąganiu celów albo jako immanentny element życia społecznego wynikający z istnienia hierarchii i nierówności budujących napięcia w strukturze społecznej. Przyjmuje się nierzadko, że kultura stanowi pancerz chroniący ludzi przed ich zwierzęcą naturą, stanowiącą zarzewie agresji. Wydaje się, że jest to raczej pancerz pozwalający na legitymizowanie przemocy poprzez stosowanie altruistycznego karania. Autorzy poddają dyskusji problematykę agresywnych zachowań współczesnego człowieka z perspektywy ewolucyjnej. Czy występowanie mobbingu, molestowania, przemocy symbolicznej, stygmatyzacji obcych oraz dyskryminacji mniejszości to rezultat kształtowanych przez miliony lat uwarunkowań wspólnych dla człowieka i innych hominidów, czy też pokłosie uruchomienia parędziesiąt tysięcy lat temu mechanizmu eksterminacji innych gatunków przez przedstawicieli naszego gatunku? Homo sapiens nie należy do drapieżników, przez co przejawy agresji zarówno wewnątrzgatunkowej, jak i międzygatunkowej skutkują brutalnością, ale również dylematami moralnymi dla tej obdarzonej empatią wielkiej małpy.
The Holy Serpent: Snakes in the Old Norse Worldview
Authors: Lasota Kornelia 
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wizerunku węża w literaturze staroskandynawskiej oraz analiza jego poszczególnych wyobrażeń w literaturze staronordyckiej. W artykule zawarta jest dogłębna analiza obrazu zwierzęcia w ważnych tekstach Północy, takich jak mit stworzenia i utworów ściśle z nim związanych. Ponadto przedstawione zostają przykłady zaczerpnięte z najistotniejszych sag legendarnych: Sagi o Wolsungach oraz Sagi o Ragnarze Lodbroku. Węże okazują się nie tylko przerażające, lecz także majestatyczne i przede wszystkim wszechobecne w mitologii askandynawskiej.
Avkobling og transformasjon: Meditasjonsretreater på Dharma Mountain mellom popularisering og religiøst fellesskap
Authors: Hanky Henriette 
Published: December 2021

While meditation has undeniably become a part of popular culture, the term encompasses a wide variety of practices and conceptualizations on the religious-secular spectrum. In this paper, I explore how this wide scope is dealt with at meditation retreats offered at the Norwegian center Dharma Mountain. The place is built around the Norwegian guru Vasant Swaha and serves as a meeting place for his disciples, the sangha. At the same time, the Dharma Mountain group takes part in the wider popular meditation field with retreats tailored toward the preferences of an often guru-critical mainstream audience. Based on ethnographical material, I compare two meditation techniques, vipassana and Dynamic Meditation, and how they are introduced, legitimized, and performed at a newcomer weekend in the first and a summer retreat with Vasant Swaha in the second case. I show that while instructors introduce vipassana as a generic and simple technique, they mark Dynamic Meditation as a specifically composed method and thus integrate it with Swaha’s background in the Osho movement and the therapeutic outlook of his retreats. My findings point to the flexibility of the concept of meditation and how this helps organizers to address different audiences. Under the umbrella of meditation, Dharma Mountain incorporates a range of conceptualizations, from self-help to spiritual awakening, and different social forms, from costumer relations to religious community, in one and the same place.
Pelatihan Media Sosial Sebagai Media Informasi dan Publikasi Pada Organisasi Fatayat NU Ciledug Kota Tangerang
Authors: Bender George W , Leliana Intan , Suryani Ita , Qona’ah Siti , Putri Dinda Laela , Napitupulu Putri indrina 
Published: December 2021

Dalam perkembangannya media sosial dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai ragam kepentingan, mulai menjalin pertemanan, kampanye program tertentu (pendidikan, sosial, agama, lingkungan, kesehatan, dan sebagainya), media informasi, publikasi sampai promosi. Mitra pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah organisasi Fatayat NU Ciledug Kota Tangerang yang tergolong pada mitra yang produktif secara ekonomi/ sosial. Organisasi Fatayat NU Ciledug beranggotakan laki-laki, perempuan dan juga anak-anak. Program kegiatan yang ada pada organisasi Fatayat NU Ciledug yaitu (1) kegiatan pengajian yang rutin dilakukan setiap minggu, (2) Kegiatan Unit Kegiatan Masyarakat (UKM) kegiatan yang sangat produktif yang dapat memberikan pendapatan/peluang bagi masyarakat dalam bidang wirausaha, (3) Kegiatan Jumuah Berkah di lakukan oleh ibu – ibu majelis Fatayat NU Kecamatan Ciledug yaitu dengan membagikan makanan/minuman dan perlengkapan solat kepada yang membutuhkan. Permasalahan yang terdapat pada mitra yakni belum maksimalnya pengelolaan media sosial sebagai media informasi dan publikasi serta belum maksimalnya SDM yang mengelola media sosial Fatayat NU Ciledug Kota Tangerang sehingga hal tersebut menjadi salah satu kendala. Solusi dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dengan cara memberikan pendampingan dan pengelolaan terkait pengembangan media sosial melalui hal-hal : a. bagaimana cara melakukan pengembangan media sosial yang mumpuni sesuai dengan kebutuhan informasi, b. bagaimana pengelola media sosial agar menjadi media informasi dan publikasi yang tepat sasaran dan sesuai tujuan c. Bagaimana menjaga isi dan tampilan media sosial agar menarik.
Kata Kunci: Media sosial, Media Informasi, Publikasi
EFEITO DAS ATIVIDADES ANTRÓPICAS NA COBERTURA VEGETAL NA RESERVA FLORESTAL DE MECUBÚRI, MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Mário Aguinaldo Joaquim , Mesa Sailon Augusto Roia , Serrote Caetano Miguel Lemos 
Published: December 2021

O estudo foi realizado na Reserva Florestal de Mecubúri, em Moçambiquee, visando avaliar os efeitos das atividades antrópicas sobre a cobertura florestal. Áreas de queimada, agrícola e de exploração florestal foram comparadas com uma área controle em termos de composição e fitossociologia. Em cada área, foram estabelecidas, de maneira sistemática, parcelas quadrangulares de 20 x 20 m, distantes 20 m uma da outra, sendo realizado o levantamento da vegetação adulta e da regeneração. Foram determinados índices de similaridade, diversidade e riqueza. Os resultados indicaram existir dissimilaridade entre as áreas, sendo que as espécies Julbernardia globiflora, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Brachystegia utilis, Millettia stuhlmannii, Afzelia quanzensis, Burkea africana e Cussonia arborea destacaram-se em termos de abundância, frequência, dominância, Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) e regeneração. O maior número de árvores por hectare foi encontrado na área de controle e o menor número foi encontrado na área agrícola. Com base no índice de dispersão de Morisita, a maior parte das espécies distribui-se de forma aleatória e agrupada. A distribuição diamétrica das árvores seguiu o padrão de J-invertido, característico de florestas naturais. As práticas de queimadas, agricultura e exploração florestal contribuem na redução da cobertura florestal na Reserva Florestal de Mecubúri.
Palavras-chave: fitossociologia; conservação; desmatamento.

The effect of anthropic activities on forest coverage
in the Mecubúri Forest Reserve, Mozambique

ABSTRACT: The study was carried out in the Mecubúri Forest Reserve, Mozambique, with the purpose of evaluating the effects of human activities on the forest cover. Burning, agricultural and logging areas were compared with a control area in terms of composition and phytosociology. In each area were systematically established 20 x 20 m quadrangular plots, 20 m apart from each other, in which were carried out the survey of adult vegetation and regeneration. The similarity, diversity and richness indices were determined. The results showed that there is dissimilarity between the areas and the species Julbernardia globiflora, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Brachystegia utilis, Millettia stuhlmannii, Afzelia quanzensis, Burkea africana e Cussonia arborea stood out in terms of abundance, frequency, dominance, Importance Value Index (IVI) and regeneration. The largest number of trees per hectare was found in the control area, and the smallest number was found in the agricultural area. Based on the Morisita dispersion index, most species have random and clustered distribution. The diametric structure of the trees followed the inverted-j, typical of natural forests. Burning, agriculture and logging contribute to the reduction of forest cover in the Mecubúri Forest Reserve.
Keywords: phytosociology; conservation; deforestation.
Structure and Functions of the Non-profit Sector in the Context of Socialization of Economic Relations
Authors: Dzokaeva Zalina Mairamovna 
Published: December 2021

Non-profit field in the national economy of Russia, which significance, functionality and specific role is rather problematic to formulate unambiguously, examined in the article. This is equally characteristic of other countries on our planet. The reason for this is the diversity of forms and purposes, and the richness of typology. It is customary to distinguish the basic functionality of NPOs – economic, social and institutional. Historically, the importance of NCOs in the formation of statehood cannot be overestimated, as the process is largely initiated thanks to NCOs, emanating from the masses of the people, changing established social relations, introducing new tools and trends of independent governance, focusing on specific spiritual and social values.
Ramy prawne utraty statusu odpadów w Polsce
Authors: Kruś Maciej , Tychmanowicz Kamil 
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie dopuszczalnych w prawie polskim sposobów zastosowania instytucji utraty statusu odpadów, co ma istotne znaczenie dla realizacji gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym. Badania naukowe miały charakter dogmatyczny. Taki cel wynika z wątpliwości istniejących w polskiej doktrynie i orzecznictwie. Warto podkreślić, że stosowanie tej instytucji jest efektem wdrożenia dyrektywy prawa europejskiego. Co ciekawe także w innych państwach członkowskich występują trudności z praktycznym stosowaniu tej instytucji. Analiza prowadzona jest z uwzględnieniem prawa europejskiego. Poglądy wspierane są odwołaniem do orzecznictwa sądów europejskich, polskich a także orzeczeń sądów krajowych innych państw członkowskich. Przedstawione cztery przypadki zastosowania tej instytucji. Pierwszy to gdy kryteria określono na szczeblu Unii za pomocą przepisów ogólnych. Drugi przypadek dotyczy określania kryteriów przez władze państw członkowskich. W prawie polskim taką możliwość przewidziano wprost stosunkowo niedawno. Do dziś nie wydano ani jednego aktu w tej sprawie. Trzeci przypadek obejmuje rozstrzyganie przez władze krajowe w odniesieniu do konkretnego przypadku. Możliwość ta nie wynika wprost z polskiej ustawy. Jest jednak wprost określona w dyrektywie. W artykule wskazano, że w tym przypadku dyrektywę można zastosować bezpośrednio. W artykule rozważana jest także czwarta możliwość. Polega ona na utracie przez odpad statusu odpadu bez wcześniejszego orzeczenia władzy. Problematyczny jest jednak w prawie polskim obowiązek uzyskania zgody na odzysk na skalę przemysłową. Dlatego zgłoszono postulat wprowadzenia dla niektórych rodzajów odpadów tylko obowiązku informowania o ich przetwarzaniu.
Peran Mahasiswa Kampus Mengajar 2 Sebagai “Agent Of Change dan Social Control”
Authors: Yorri Didit Setyadi  , Dwi Wulandari  , Lutfi Dwi Lestari  , Wa Ode Meliasari  , Ifit Novita Sari  
Published: December 2021

Students are the assets of a nation because students are a group of people trained in various fields of knowledge and skills. State Junior High School 2 Tanggulangin s one of the target schools selected by the author and Ministry of Education and Culture as the place for the Kampus Mengajar 2nd Generation as the student change agent of the education program created by us, among them the implementation of literacy learning activities and student numeration aimed at improving the understanding of literacy and student numeration. Social control is a tool to control himself or society. In this case, the society underneath is the entire State Junior High School 2 Tanggulangin and students as the main object of Kampus Mengajar 2nd Generation activities
Penambahan Tepung Maggot Pada Pelet Tepung Komersil Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Patin Pangasius hypophthalmus
Authors: Mulyani Rahma , Haris Rangga Bayu Kusuma 
Published: December 2021

Potensi maggot Chrysomya megacephala sebagai bahan alternatif sebagai sumber protein dapat dimaanfaatkan untuk pakan benih ikan patin Pangasius hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 bulan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kelagsungan hidup benih ikan patin yang diberi pakan dengan tambahan tepung maggot dengan berbagai perlakuanÂ yaitu perlakuan A pelet tepung (100), perlakuan B pelet dengan tepungÂ maggot (75:25), perlakuan C pelet dengan tepung Maggot (50:50), dan perlakuan D tepung maggot (100). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan penambahan tepung magot pada pakan menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan berat tertinggi sebesar C 2,91 g dan terendah pada perlakuan D sebesar 1,99 g sedangkan pertumbuhan Panjang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C sebesar 4,67, untuk kelangsungan hidup benih ikan patin yang memberikan nilai tertinggi sebebsar 93,3 % sehingga hasil analisis menunjukkan perlakuan B dan C berbeda nayata dengan kontrol.
Understanding sensitive cultural through daily conversation in urban society in Makassar
Authors: Basir Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to describe how sensitive cultural may be a pattern of words and actions that should be played according to social status. This sensitive culture is ideal for each ethnic group supporting the culture. If each does not play it according to its status, it can cause misunderstanding and even conflict. Therefore, the relationship between ethnicity, immigrants, and ethnic minorities needs to be sensitive to indigenous nationalities and dominant cultural understanding. The methodology used in obtaining the data uses a qualitative approach to data collection techniques: observation and interviews. The location of the research is Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results show that the city of Makassar, which is still dominated by a single ethnic group of the Bugis-Makassar to be ideal in inter-ethnic relations, uses interaction patterns of the pattern of the dominant ethnic culture or ethnic original. Thus, it should be understood by all ethnic groups who live in the city, whether its status as indigenous or tribal settlers, so that the inter-ethnic relations be harmonious. Makassar, a multi-ethnic city, is still dominated by ethnic Bugis-Makassar. At the same time, the original ethnic and cultural patterns become ideal interaction patterns in the city. As for ethnic immigrants, for example, ethnic Toraja, Mandar, Java, Ambon, Papua New Guinea, NTT, NTB, Batak, Padang, Chinese, Arabic, Padoe, and others, must understand its status as an immigrant minority, must be adaptive and be accepted in its interaction with the ethnic dominant. Therefore, as ethnic immigrants in the exchange must follow the pattern of interaction patterns in one's ideals by the dominant ethnic group, whether it be words or actions, said eg Iye, iyo, ba, iya, tabe, kita, kau, daeng, katte. Besides that, there are also rude words, namely tai laso or tai baro, nassundala’, and suntili’. It is undoubtedly susceptible when there are ethnic immigrants who do not language and act as the dominant culture because it can be considered not adaptive or do not respect an indigenous culture as a manifestation of the ideal of the dominant ethnic groups.
Developing Criteria of an English Textbook Evaluation for Indonesian Senior High School
Authors: Munir Sirajul , Suzanne Nina , Yulnetri Yulnetri 
Published: December 2021

The use of criteria of an English textbook is crucial to improve the quality of teaching. However, choosing the criteria is a challenging task for teachers and material developers. This recent study aims at developing criteria of an English textbook evaluation for Indonesian Senior High School. This research used Research and Development. Three phases were employed: exploration stage, development stage, and validation stage. At the exploration stage, 17 respondents of English teachers were asked about the need of developing the criteria of the English textbook. All respondents agreed that the textbook evaluation criteria were needed since there is no particular standardized textbook evaluation available. Therefore, they need to use the criteria as the basis to determine the quality of a particular textbook. At the development stage, 10 criteria to evaluate textbooks were constructed. Those cover (1) aims and approaches; (2) design and organization; (3); content; (4) skills; (5) vocabulary; (6) exercises and activities; (7) methodology; (8) attractiveness of the textbook and physical make-up; (9) teacher’s manual; and (10) practical consideration. At the validation stage, the textbook evaluation criteria were deemed valid by experts. Considering these facts, 10 designed criteria could be used as the principle to determine an evaluation of English textbooks, primarily in the teaching English at Indonesian Senior High school.
One-Year Follow-Up of Healthy Older Adults with Electroencephalographic Risk for Neurocognitive Disorder After Neurofeedback Training
Authors: Alatorre-Cruz Graciela C. , Fernández Thalía , Castro-Chavira Susana A. , González-López Mauricio , Sánchez-Moguel Sergio M. , Silva-Pereyra Juan 
Published: December 2021

Background: In healthy older adults, excess theta activity is an electroencephalographic (EEG) predictor of cognitive impairment. In a previous study, neurofeedback (NFB) treatment reinforcing reductions theta activity resulted in EEG reorganization and cognitive improvement. Objective: To explore the clinical applicability of this NFB treatment, the present study performed a 1-year follow-up to determine its lasting effects. Methods: Twenty seniors with excessive theta activity in their EEG were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received an auditory reward when the theta absolute power (AP) was reduced. The control group received the reward randomly. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in theta activity at the training electrode. However, the EEG results showed that only the experimental group underwent global changes after treatment. These changes consisted of delta and theta decreases and beta increases. Although no changes were found in any group during the period between the posttreatment evaluation and follow-up, more pronounced theta decreases and beta increases were observed in the experimental group when the follow-up and pretreatment measures were compared. Executive functions showed a tendency to improve two months after treatment which became significant one year later. Conclusion: These results suggest that the EEG and behavioral benefits of this NFB treatment persist for at least one year, which adds up to the available evidence contributing to identifying factors that increase its efficacy level. The relevance of this study lies in its prophylactic features of addressing a clinically healthy population with EEG risk of cognitive decline.
Outcomes Impacting Quality of Life in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patients Treated with Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel
Authors: Kovács Norbert , Bergmann Lars , Anca-Herschkovitsch Marieta , Cubo Esther , Davis Thomas L. , Iansek Robert , Siddiqui Mustafa S. , Simu Mihaela , Standaert David G. , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Bourgeois Paul , Gao Tianming , Kukreja Pavnit , Pontieri Francesco E. , Aldred Jason 
Published: December 2021

Background: It is believed that motor symptoms, including dyskinesia, and non-motor symptoms impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and that improvements in these metrics are correlated. Objective: Investigate the relationship between HRQoL and measures of PD severity and treatment efficacy, including motor and non-motor symptoms. Methods: This was a planned investigation of an international, prospective, single-arm, post-marketing observational study of the long-term effectiveness of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in patients with advanced PD. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were calculated for baseline and change from baseline at 12 months between HRQoL and motor and non-motor symptoms. Results: A total of 195 patients were included. At baseline, HRQoL was moderately positively correlated with Activities of Daily Living (UPDRS II, PCC = 0.44), non-motor symptoms (0.48), and measures of sleep (0.50 and 0.40); all p < 0.001. After 12 months of treatment with LCIG, improvements in HRQoL were moderately positively correlated with improvement from baseline in non-motor symptoms (PCC = 0.42), sleep (0.54), and daytime sleepiness (0.40; all p < 0.001), and weakly correlated with improvement in dyskinesia signs and symptoms (PCC = 0.23; p = 0.011). Improvement in HRQoL was not correlated with improvements in OFF time or dyskinesia time. Conclusion: Both at baseline and for change from baseline at 12 months, HRQoL was correlated with baseline and change from baseline in dyskinesia, Activities of Daily Living, and non-motor symptoms, including sleep; but not with baseline or change in OFF time.