bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Vector Diversity and Malaria Transmission Dynamics in Five Sentinel Sites in Cameroon
Authors: FONDJO Etienne , TOTO Jean-Claude. , TCHOUAKI Magellan , WOLFANG E. EKOKO , PATCHOKE Salomon , MENZE Benjamin , NJEAMBOSAY Boris , ZEUKENG Francis , TABUE Raymond , MANDENG Elyse , NDILLE Emmanuel Elanga , KOPYA Edmond , BINYANG Jerome Achille , NDO Cyrille , TENE-FOSSOG Billy , TEDJOU Armel , NCHOUTPOUEN Emmanuel , TCHOUINE Frederic , ACHU Dorothy , AMBROSE Kelley , HEDJE Judith , KOUAMBENG Celestin , CARLSON Jenny , ZOHDY Sarah , Chabi Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Cameroon. To inform vector control intervention decision making, malaria vector surveillance was conducted monthly from October 2018 to September 2020 in five selected sentinel sites (Gounougou and Simatou in the North, Bonabéri, Mangoum and Nyabessang in the South).MethodsHuman landing catches (HLCs), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, and pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs) were used to assess vector density and species composition, human biting rate (HBR), endophagic index, indoor resting density (IRD), parity, sporozoite infection rates, entomological inoculation rate (EIR), and Anopheles vectorial capacity. ResultsA total of 139,322 Anopheles mosquitoes from 21 species were collected across all sites and methods. Out of the 21 species, eleven were implicated in malaria transmission including An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus s.l., An. nili, An. moucheti, An. paludis, An. demeilloni, An. pharoensis, An. ziemanni, An. multicinctus, An. rufipes, and An. marshallii. Anopheles gambiae s.l. remains the major malaria vector (71% of the total Anopheles) collected across all sites, though An. moucheti and An. paludis had highest sporozoite rates in Nyabessang. The mean indoor HBR of Anopheles ranged from 11 bites/person/night (b/p/n) in Bonabéri to 104 b/p/n in Simatou, while outdoors, it varied from 24.2 b/p/n in Mangoum to 98.7 b/p/n in Simatou. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was actively biting until at least 8:00 a.m., and similarly for An. moucheti in Nyabessang. The mean Anopheles IRD was 17.1 females/room, and the parity rate was 68.9%. The monthly mean EIRs recorded was 46.1 infective bites/person/month (ib/p/m) in Gounougou, 91.2 ib/p/m in Simatou, 38.2 ib/p/m in Mangoum, 28.4 ib/p/m in Nyabessang, and 19.9 ib/p/m in Bonabéri. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was confirmed as the main malaria vector with the highest vectorial capacity in all sites based on sporozoite rate, except in Nyabessang. ConclusionThese findings highlight the high malaria transmission occurring in Cameroon and will support the National Malaria Control Program to design evidence-based malaria vector control strategies, effective and integrated vector control interventions deployment to reduce malaria transmission and burden in Cameroon, where several Anopheles species could potentially maintain year-round transmission.
Association of cortical and subcortical microstructure with disease severity: impact on cognitive decline, and language impairments in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Ding Wencai , Ren Peng , Yi Liye , Si Yao , Yang Fan , Li Zhipeng , Bao Hongbo , Yan Shi , Zhang Xinyu , Li Siyang , Liang Xia , Yao Lifen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Cortical and subcortical microstructural modifications are critical to understanding the pathogenic changes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) subtypes. In this study, we investigated cortical and subcortical microstructure underlying cognitive and language impairments across behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) subtypes.Methods: The current study characterized 170 individuals with 3T MRI structural and diﬀusion-weighted imaging sequences as portion of the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative study: 41bvFTD, 35 nfvPPA, 34 svPPA, and 60 age-matched cognitively unimpaired controls. To determine the severity of the disease, clinical dementia rating plus national Alzheimer's coordinating center behavior and language domains sum of boxes scores were used; other clinical measures, including the Boston naming test and verbal fluency test, were also evaluated. We computed surface-based cortical thickness and cortical and subcortical microstructural metrics using tract-based spatial statistics and explored their relationships with clinical and cognitive assessments.Results: Compared with controls, those with FTLD showed substantial cortical mean diffusivity alterations extending outside the regions with cortical thinning. Tract-based spatial statistics revealed that anomalies in subcortical white matter diffusion were widely distributed across the frontotemporal and parietal areas. Patients with bvFTD, nfvPPA, and svPPA exhibited distinct patterns of cortical and subcortical microstructural abnormalities, which appeared to correlate with disease severity, and separate dimensions of language functions.Conclusions: Our findings imply that cortical and subcortical microstructures may serve as sensitive biomarkers for the investigation of neurodegeneration-associated microstructural alterations in FTLD subtypes.
A Neurodynamic Approach for Solving Robust Linear Programming under the Polyhedral Uncertainty Set
Authors: Hu Jin , He Li , Peng Yiheng , Zeng Chunna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper converts the robust linear programming under the polyhedral uncertainty set to standard linear programming. After eliminating the parameter uncertainty, we design a projection neural network to address the problem. The equilibrium point of the neural network model is theoretically proved to be stable in the Lyapunov sense and globally convergent to the optimal solution to robust linear programming. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and performance of the proposed approach.
Severity of small-for-gestational age and morbidity and mortality among very preterm neonates
Authors: Minor Kathleen , Bianco Katherine , Sie Lillian , Druzin Maurice , Lee Henry , Leonard Stephanie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the association between small for gestational age (SGA) severity and morbidity and mortality in a contemporary, unselected population of very preterm infants. Study Design: This secondary analysis of a California statewide database evaluated singleton infants born during 2008-2018 at 24-32 weeks’ gestation, with a birthweight <15th percentile. We analyzed neonatal outcomes in relation to weight for gestational age (WGA) and symmetry of growth restriction. Results: An increase in WGA by one z-score was associated with decreased major morbidity or mortality risk (aRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.68-0.77) and other adverse outcomes. The association was most pronounced for WGA percentile <3 and did not differ by fetal growth restriction diagnosis. Symmetric growth restriction was not associated with neonatal outcomes after standardizing for gestational age at birth. Conclusions: Increasing SGA severity, particularly below the 3rd WGA percentile, had a significant impact on neonatal outcomes among very preterm infants.
Functional discovery of targetable dependencies in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Singh Sheila , Chokshi Chirayu , Tieu David , Brown Kevin , Venugopal Chitra , Rossotti Martin , Chan Katherine , Tong Amy , Kuhlmann Laura , Liu Lina , Brakel Benjamin , Shaikh Vaseem , Maich William , Suk Yujin , Mobilio Daniel , Savage Neil , Aghaei Nikoo , Subapanditha Minomi , McKenna Dillon , Ignatchenko Vladimir , Salamoun Joseph , Wipf Peter , Sharlow Elizabeth , Provias John , Lu Jian-Qiang , Murty Naresh , Lazo John , Kislinger Thomas , Henry Kevin , Lu Yu , Moffat Jason 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. Here, we explore the functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM. By conducting genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in patient-derived GBM models, we uncover distinct genetic dependencies in recurrent tumor cells that were absent in their patient-matched primary predecessors, accompanied by increased mutational burden and differential transcript and protein expression. These analyses map a multilayered genetic response to drive tumor recurrence, identifying protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2 (PTP4A2) as a novel modulator of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity at GBM recurrence. Mechanistically, genetic perturbation or small molecule inhibition of PTP4A2 represses axon guidance activity through a dephosphorylation axis with roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1), exploiting a functional dependency on ROBO signaling. Importantly, engineered anti-ROBO1 single-domain antibodies also mimic the effects of PTP4A2 inhibition. We conclude that functional reprogramming drives tumorigenicity and dependence on a multi-targetable PTP4A2-ROBO1 signaling axis at GBM recurrence.
Quality of life following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction combined with medial tibial tubercle transfer in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Hao Kuo , Feng Ao , Kong Lingce , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Because the patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) combined with medial tibial tubercle transfer (TTT) procedure are usually young and active, the quality of life (QoL) is also an important prognostic factor for patients recurrent patellar dislocation. Assessing QoL can provide more useful and accurate evidence for the effects of of this procedure. This study aimed to evaluate QoL following MPFLr combined with TTT, compared with isolated MPFLr (iMPFLr).Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent iMPFLr + TTT and forty-eight patients who underwent iMPFLr were included. Clinical evaluation included QoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D VAS), functional outcomes (Kujala, Lysholm and Tegner activity scores), physical examinations (patellar apprehension test and range of motion) and redislocation rates. Radiological evaluation included patellar tilt angle and bisect offset. These preoperative and postoperative results were compared between groups at baseline and the final follow-up. The paired and independent t tests were used for the data following a normal distribution. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the differences. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square or Fisher exact test.Results: All of the QoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D VAS), clinical results and radiological outcomes significantly improved in both groups at the final follow-up, with no significant differences between groups. There was no significant difference in five dimensions of EQ-5D at the final follow-up, although percentages of people with problems of mobility and pain/discomfort were higher in the MPFLr + TTT group. Female patients had lower EQ-5D index and EQ-5D VAS compared with male patients in both groups at the final follow-up, but there was only a significant difference in the EQ-5D VAS. Conclusions: Both MPFLr + TTT and iMPFLr groups obtained similar and satisfactory improvements in the QoL, clinical results and radiological outcomes, indicating that MPFLr combined with TTT is a safe and effective procedure, which can significantly improve the QoL for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation in cases of pathologically lateralised TT. However, female patients obtained lower QoL than males.
ASLADS: A Secure LightweightAuthentication and Data TransmissionScheme for smart IoT devices
Authors: Sidharthan Krishnendu Thaliyassery , Nair Piyoosh Purushothaman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most dynamic and exciting developments in information and communications technology. On one hand, the outbreak of IoT helps to ease the daily life of end users. On the other hand, the transmission of large amounts of private information transmitted through a network brings serious security and privacy concerns. The limited availability of resources like computing resources, memory, and power resources remain major challenges for implementing security in IoT. In this paper, we propose a highly secure lightweight authentication and data transmission scheme for smart IoT devices that acts as a countermeasure against various security vulnerabilities of the IoT environment and also meets the resource requirements of the IoT. The scheme uses Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) technology to uniquely identify each edge node in the IoT. We rely on the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) for secure data transmission. All the methods in the proposed scheme are based on symmetric and lightweight cryptographic techniques which helps to reduce the comput- ing power and energy requirement of the scheme. The proposed scheme is shown to be secure against various well-known attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieves significantly lower energy consumption (57% to 86%), storage cost (42% to 61%), communication cost (53% to 73%) and computational cost (57% to 86%) as compared to other existing schemes.
Knowledge and attitude regarding monkeypox virus among physicians in Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshahrani Najim Z. , Algethami Mohammed R. , Alarifi Abdullah M , Alzahrani Faris , Sheerah Haytham Abdulwhab , Abdelaal Abdelaziz , Sah Ranjit , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards monkeypox infection among physicians, a frontline healthcare worker group, in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
A cross-sectional, online survey assessing knowledge and attitudes towards monkeypox infection on multiple-item scales was sent to physicians in Saudi Arabia. The associations between independent factors and either knowledge or attitude were assessed.
Results
The final analysis included 398 participants. Approximately 57% of the participants were under 30 years old, and 56.8% were male. Only 18.6% of the surveyed participants had ever received information about monkeypox in their medical education. A substantial proportion of assessed physicians lack knowledge regarding the endemicity of monkeypox, its transmission, clinical differences with smallpox, chickenpox, and influenza, as well as the clinical evolution and the main associated findings. In addition, there is a significant knowledge gap between the therapeutic management of monkeypox and its vaccination. Such poor knowledge is influenced by various factors.
Conclusions
Physicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding monkeypox infection are inadequate. Training and knowledge assessment is important, as demonstrated by previous epidemics and pandemics such as Zika and COVID-19, especially when studies show significant improvement in related and specific knowledge.
On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in Lithium-Sulfur batteries using neutron, x-ray and electron techniques
Authors: Prehal Christian , von Mentlen Jean-Marc , Talian Sara Drvarič , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert , Amenitsch Heinz , Porcar Lionel , Freunberger Stefan , Wood Vanessa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Insufficient understanding of the mechanism that reversibly converts sulfur into lithium sulfide (Li2S) via soluble polysulfides (PS) hampers the realization of high performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells. Typically Li2S formation is explained by direct electroreduction of a PS to Li2S; however, this is not consistent with the size and shape of the insulating Li2S deposits. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to track the growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during charge and discharge. Stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantification of the chemical phase evolution during discharge and charge. We show that the deposit is comprised of nanocrystalline Li2S and smaller, solid short-chain PS particles, which we argue are likely Li2S2. Our data are consistent with solid Li2S2 precipitating from solution and then being converted in the solid-state to Li2S, probably via direct electroreduction and chemical diffusion through the Li2S2 particle network. Solution-mediated Li2S2 precipitation, therefore, controls the Li2S/Li2S2 aggregate structure. Discharge capacity and rate capability in Li-S battery cathodes are limited by mass transport rather than electron transport through a thin passivating surface film. The found mechanism also explains why in practice not all S is converted to Li2S; a certain amount of Li2S2 remains as a second solid phase.
A Review on Soft Hand Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Chen Zhe , Zhan Fangfang , Jiang Jingang , Wu Dianhao , Sun Jianpeng 
Published: July 2022

Background:
In China, there are more than 2 million patients with hand function impairment caused by trauma and stroke each year. Since the hand is an important sensory and motor organ of the human body, the loss of hand function will seriously affect people's daily activities and work. The current hand function rehabilitation robots are mainly rigid. The rigid robot has the problems of fixed rehabilitation track, high rigidity, and poor comfort. To solve this series of problems, soft hand function rehabilitation robots have been vigorously developed.

Objective:
To introduce the classification, advantages and disadvantages, and development trend of existing soft hand rehabilitation robots. To provide for other researchers to understand its development status and future development trends.

Method:
The various products and patents of soft hand rehabilitation robots are summarized, and thestructural features, merits, and demerits of typical soft hand rehabilitation robots are introduced.

Results:
By analyzing a variety of soft hand function rehabilitation robots, the characteristics and thecurrent problems of soft hand function rehabilitation robots are determined, the development trend of soft hand function rehabilitation robots has been prospected, the current research status of soft hand function rehabilitation robots are discussed and the prospects are carried out.

Conclusion:
Because the rate of increase in patients with hand function loss is much greater than that of rehabilitation physicians, many patients cannot receive timely and effective treatment. Therefore, hand function rehabilitation robots have received people’s attention. Compared with rigid rehabilitation robots, soft hand function rehabilitation robots have diverse rehabilitation trajectories, high comfort, and low rigidity, so it is very necessary to develop soft hand function rehabilitation robots. In the future, soft hand function rehabilitation robots will inevitably develop towards simplification of structure, more comfortable wearing, economical, diversified functions, better curative effect, and safer development.
Factorial Equivalence and Validation of three Versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire
Authors: Dodeen Hamzeh , Nassar Yahya 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Body image refers to a person’s perceptions, thoughts, or feelings about their own body, which affect their psychological health considerably, particularly their body shape dissatisfaction. Body image dissatisfaction was observed to be highly correlated with eating disorders, with psychological functioning, and with quality of life. Such dissatisfaction has grown worldwide, especially among young people, which has increased psychological interest in its assessment and studying.

Objectives:
One commonly used scale to study and assess body shape dissatisfaction is the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) by Cooper et al. This study aimed to compare the three widely used versions of the BSQ (the BSQ-34, BSQ-14, and BSQ-8C) in terms of validity, reliability, and usability and then to recommend the most appropriate version. The study also aimed to cross-validate the scales to identify their factor structure and psychometric properties.

Methods:
In total, 402, 326, and 373 students from a public university in the United Arab Emirates responded to the BSQ-34, BSQ-14, and BSQ-8C, respectively. The three scales were evaluated through several statistical procedures and tests, including reliability and exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity and the discriminant validity of the scales were assessed by correlating them with appropriate scales.

Results:
The three scales demonstrated high internal reliability. The results indicated the existence of a three-factor solution for the BSQ-34. The BSQ-14 produced one factor that explained more than 60% of the variance. As for the BSQ-8C, one factor which explained 55.10% of the variance was extracted. While the results showed that the three BSQ scales had high and acceptable levels of convergent validity, the discriminant validity showed that the BSQ-14 is better than the other two scales.

Conclusion:
The findings confirmed the superiority of the version BSQ-14 over the other two versions in terms of their psychometric properties. With 14 items, the scale is not as lengthy as the BSQ-34, which requires more time and effort, nor is it as short as the BSQ-8C, which may exclude some aspects of the construct. Thus, the study recommends using the BSQ-14 to assess body dissatisfaction among young participants.
Insomnia and Self-medication Among Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljhani Sumayah , Aljameli Shahad , AlHussan Fayzah , Almutairi Maram 
Published: July 2022

Background:Insomnia is considered one of the most common sleep disorders. One-third of the world’s population has one or more symptoms of insomnia, with 10% satisfying the criteria for clinical diagnosis.Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia among pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia and its association with self-medication.Methods:This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed online by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, targeting pharmacists from different working areas in Saudi Arabia. The survey included socio-demographic data, level of education, working area, and work experience; use of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic sleeping aid; reasons for self-medication; and the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire.Results:A total of 515 pharmacists participated in the study (male 53.4% vs. female 46.6%). The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia was 48.2%. Of these, 66.5% were mild, 29.8% were moderate, and 3.6% were severe. The prevalence of pharmacists currently using sleep aid medications was 22.7%. Factors associated with clinically significant insomnia were younger age (21 – 30 years), female sex, unmarried status, living in the central region, chronic diseases, history of psychiatric disorder, consultation with a health care professional, current use of sleep aid medications, and use of psychological and behavioral intervention as a sleeping aid.Conclusion:Insomnia is common among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia, but self-medication is uncommon. Of all pharmacists, female young adults who were not married and had a previous history of psychiatric disorders were greatly affected by insomnia and self-medicated the most.