bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D voluminometry of urolithiasis as a predictor of success in ureterorenoscopic (URS) treatment
Authors: Mekhaiel Mina , Kemper Frank M. J. , Duijvesz Diederick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStone burden is a predictor of stone free rate (SFR) after ureterorenoscopy (URS). 2D measurements (X-Ray/CT) may unreliably predict actual stone burden. This study was performed to evaluate 3D measurements as a predictor of SFR after URS compared to 2D measurements. A retrospective study (2008–2019) was performed on patients with a single stone and preoperative CT-scans. Stone size was assessed by three conventional 2D methods and an automated 3D measurement. Primary outcome was SFR after four weeks. Secondary outcomes involved the need for subsequent procedure and complications. 227 patients were included, SFR was 74.9%. 3D measurement correlated significantly with SFR (OR: 0.980). Unfortunately, no predictive value was observed. 3D measurement demonstrated a significant correlation to complications (OR: 0.966). Low interobserver variability (0.891 vs 0.782 respectively) was found in the 2D and 3D measurements. It was concluded that, although 3D voluminometry correlates significantly to SFR and complications, these approach harbors no predictive value.
Costs, Benefits, and Welfare Implications of USAID Investment in Agricultural Research through U.S. Universities
Authors: Dalton Timothy J. , Fuglie Keith 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe U.S. Agency for International Development has invested limited funds in international agricultural research through U.S. universities. We present a meta-analysis of impact case studies from this investment. The median net present value of economic impacts at purchasing power parity is PPP$8.4 billion compared to a cumulative investment of US$1.24 billion over 1978–2018. About four-fifths of these economic benefits accrued to individuals with incomes under $5.50/day and about 29% to those in extreme poverty. In addition to these limited case studies evaluating financial benefits and costs, we present several types of additional non-economic benefits.
Levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among Ugandan adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional evidence from a mobile phone-based population survey
Authors: Clarke-Deelder Emma , Rokicki Slawa , McGovern Mark E. , Birabwa Catherine , Cohen Jessica L. , Waiswa Peter , Abbo Catherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPolicy measures to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as curfews and business closures, may have negative effects on mental health. Populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be particularly affected due to high rates of poverty and less comprehensive welfare systems, but the evidence is scarce. We evaluated predictors of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in Uganda, which implemented one of the world's most stringent lockdowns.MethodsWe conducted a mobile phone-based cross-sectional survey from December 2020 through April 2021 among individuals aged 18 years or over in Uganda. We measured depression, anxiety, and psychological distress using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-2, and the PHQ-4. We applied linear regression to assess associations between experiences of COVID-19 (including fear of infection, social isolation, income loss, difficulty accessing medical care, school closings, and interactions with police) and PHQ-4 score, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.Results29.2% of 4066 total participants reported scores indicating moderate psychological distress, and 12.1% reported scores indicating severe distress. Distress was most common among individuals who were female, had lower levels of education, and lived in households with children. Related to COVID-19, PHQ-4 score was significantly associated with difficulty accessing medical care, worries about COVID-19, worries about interactions with police over lockdown measures, and days spent at home.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to address the significant burden of psychological distress associated with COVID-19 and policy responses in LMICs. Pandemic mitigation strategies must consider mental health consequences.
Global linear instability analysis of thermal convective flow using the linearized lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Jiang Hao-Kui , Luo Kang , Zhang Zi-Yao , Wu Jian , Yi Hong-Liang 
Published: June 2022

Modal global linear stability analysis of thermal convection is performed with the linearized lattice Boltzmann method (LLBM). The onset of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in rectangular cavities with conducting and adiabatic sidewalls and the instability of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) natural convection in cavities are studied. The method of linearizing the local equilibrium probability distribution function that was first proposed by Pérez et al. (Theor. Comp. Fluid Dyn., vol. 31, 2017, pp. 643–664) is extended to solve the coupled linear Navier–Stokes equations together with the linear energy equation in this work. A multiscale analysis is also performed to recover the macroscopic linear Navier–Stokes equations from the discrete lattice Boltzmann equations for both the single and multiple relaxation time models. The present LLBM is implemented in the framework of the Palabos library. It is validated by calculating the linear critical value of 2-D natural convection that the LLBM with the multiple relaxation time model has an error less than 1 % compared with the spectral method. The instability mechanism of the flow is explained by kinetic energy transfer analysis. It is shown that the buoyancy mechanism and inertial mechanism tend to stabilize the Hopf bifurcation of the 2-D natural convection at Pr < 0.08 and Pr > 1, respectively. For 3-D natural convection, subcritical bifurcation of the Hopf type is found for low-Prandtl-number fluids (Pr < 0.1).
Social Justice Campaigns and Democratic Party Gains: How Georgia's Partisan Reformers Overtook North Carolina's Moral Advocates
Authors: Skocpol Theda , Tervo Caroline , Walters Kirsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow did Democrats running for federal office win in Georgia in 2020–21, but not in North Carolina, a state long regarded as more “flippable”? This article uses newly assembled organizational data to situate recent Democratic fortunes in the context of two long-running statewide campaigns for racial and economic justice—led by North Carolina's Reverend William Barber II and Georgia's Stacey Abrams. We track shifting political opportunity structures and the organizational and strategic evolution of both movements during the 2010s, with a special focus on outreach beyond major metropolitan areas. Our findings suggest that social justice campaigns aiming to increase government responsiveness to poor minority citizens do better if they engage in persistent, locally embedded voter outreach along partisan lines rather than heavily relying on morally framed, media-friendly protests. This research also demonstrates how data on organizational networks can be assembled and used to explore historical-institutional hypotheses about the development and impact of social movements.
How Do Vulnerable People in Bangladesh Experience Environmental Stress From Sedimentation in the Haor Wetlands? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Atiqul Haq Shah Md , Ahmed Khandaker Jafor , Best Jim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe haor landscape is a wetland ecosystem in northeast Bangladesh, comprising shallow depressions that undergo large changes in water inundation between the monsoon and dry seasons. Sediment is supplied to the haor from rivers originating in the adjacent Shillong Plateau, and can adversely affect these largely arable agricultural lands. The critical adverse effects of changing hydrology and enhanced sedimentation due to anthropogenic change include the reduction of natural water storage capacity, changes in the timing and magnitude of floods, and increasing loss and damage to crops, which consequently affect the livelihoods of wetland dwellers. This study employs a mixed‐methods approach to investigate how sedimentation has affected the livelihoods of the residents and the pressures they experience. Cross‐sectional surveys and interviews were conducted with 180 respondents in Lubar and Pochashul Haors (LPH), Sunamganj District, and allied with an analysis of satellite images that reveals the nature of landscape change over the past 56 years. Our findings confirm that sedimentation has been promoted through both natural processes of alluvial fan progradation and anthropogenic forcings. Enhanced sedimentation threatens the agriculture of the region and affects the livelihood of local inhabitants, leading to other societal issues related to income, education, employment, health, displacement, and sexual harassment. The mixed methods employed herein are essential tools to reveal these effects. In order to reduce the vulnerability of the local population, a transboundary dialog between India and Bangladesh is needed to realize measures to protect wetland resources and achieve progress towards environmental sustainability.
Geomagnetic Detection of the Atmospheric Acoustic Resonance at 3.8 mHz During the Hunga Tonga Eruption Event on 15 January 2022
Authors: Yamazaki Yosuke , Soares Gabriel , Matzka Jürgen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModeling studies have predicted that the acoustic resonance of the atmosphere during geophysical events such as earthquakes and volcanos can lead to an oscillation of the geomagnetic field with a frequency of about 4 mHz. However, observational evidence is still limited due to scarcity of suitable events. On 15 January 2022, the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (20.5°S, 175.4°W, Tonga) erupted in the Pacific Ocean and caused severe atmospheric disturbance, providing an opportunity to investigate geomagnetic effects associated with acoustic resonance. Following the eruption, geomagnetic oscillation is observed at Apia, approximately 835 km from Hunga Tonga, mainly in the Pc 5 band (150–600 s, or 1.7–6.7 mHz) lasting for about 2 hr. The dominant frequency of the oscillation is 3.8 mHz, which is consistent with the frequency of the atmospheric oscillation due to acoustic resonance. The oscillation is most prominent in the eastward (Y) component, with an amplitude of ∼3 nT, which is much larger than those previously reported for other events (<1 nT). Comparably large oscillation is not found at other stations located further away (>2700 km). However, geomagnetic oscillation with a much smaller amplitude (∼0.3 nT) is observed at Honolulu, which is located near the magnetic conjugate point of Hunga Tonga, in a similar wave form as at Apia, indicating interhemispheric coupling. This is the first time that geomagnetic oscillations due to the atmospheric acoustic resonance are simultaneously detected at magnetic conjugate points.
An alternative to MINFLUX that enables nanometer resolution in a confocal microscope
Authors: Masullo Luciano A. , Szalai Alan M. , Lopez Lucía F. , Pilo-Pais Mauricio , Acuna Guillermo P. , Stefani Fernando D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLocalization of single fluorescent emitters is key for physicochemical and biophysical measurements at the nanoscale and beyond ensemble averaging. Examples include single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging by single-molecule localization microscopy. Among the numerous localization methods available, MINFLUX outstands for achieving a ~10-fold improvement in resolution over wide-field camera-based approaches, reaching the molecular scale at moderate photon counts. Widespread application of MINFLUX and related methods has been hindered by the technical complexity of the setups. Here, we present RASTMIN, a single-molecule localization method based on raster scanning a light pattern comprising a minimum of intensity. RASTMIN delivers ~1–2 nm localization precision with usual fluorophores and is easily implementable on a standard confocal microscope with few modifications. We demonstrate the performance of RASTMIN in localization of single molecules and super-resolution imaging of DNA origami structures.
Graded multilayer triple cation perovskites for high speed and detectivity self-powered photodetector via scalable spray coating process
Authors: Amratisha Koth , Tuchinda Waris , Ruankham Pipat , Naikaew Atittaya , Pansa-Ngat Pimsuda , Srathongsian Ladda , Wattanathana Worawat , Shin Thant Ko Ko , Supruangnet Ratchadaporn , Nakajima Hideki , Sahasithiwat Somboon , Kanjanaboos Pongsakorn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapid advancements in perovskite materials have led to potential applications in various optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Due to good photoelectric properties, perovskite enables low-cost and comparable performance in terms of responsivity, detectivity, and speed to those of the silicon counterpart. In this work, we utilized triple cation perovskite, well known for its high performance, stability, and wide absorption range, which is crucial for broadband photodetector applications. To achieve improved detectivity and faster response time, graded multilayer perovskite absorbers were our focus. Sequential spray deposition, which allows stacked perovskite architecture without disturbing lower perovskite layers, was used to generate single, double, and triple-layer perovskite photodetectors with proper energy band alignment. In this work, we achieved a record on self-powered perovskite photodetector fabricated from a scalable spray process in terms of EQE and responsivity of 65.30% and 0.30 A W-1. The multilayer devices showed faster response speed than those of single-layer perovskite photodetectors with the champion device reaching 70 µs and 88 µs for rising and falling times. The graded band structure and the internal electric field generated from perovskite heterojunction also increase specific detectivity about one magnitude higher in comparison to the single-layer with the champion device achieving 6.82 × 1012 cmHz1/2 W−1.
Preparation of recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) for antibody production and its application for infection detection in sea turtles
Authors: Li Tsung-Hsien , Hsu Wei-Li , Chen Chang-You , Chen Yi-Chen , Wang Yu-Chen , Tsai Ming-An , Chen I.-Chun , Chang Chao-Chin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) infection possibly associated to the fibropapillomatosis (FP) disease in sea turtles worldwide remains largely unknown and limited studies have used serological approaches to detection of antibodies against ChHV5 in sea turtles with or without FP. We aimed to develop diagnostic platforms based on the viral glycoprotein B (gB) for ChHV5 infection. In this study, five recombinant sub-fragments of the gB protein were successfully expressed and subsequently served as antigens for both seroprevalence and antibody production. The results indicated that the five expressed proteins harbored antigenicity, shown by the results of using sera from sea turtles that were PCR-positive for ChHV5. Moreover, seropositive sea turtles were significantly associated with FP (p < 0.05). We further used the expressed protein to produce antibodies for immunohistochemical analysis, and found that the in-house-generated sera specifically stained FP lesions while normal epithelium tissues remained negative. Of major importance, the reactivity in the ballooning degeneration area was much stronger than that in other regions of the FP lesion/tumour, thus indicating ChHV5 viral activities. In summary, the developed serological test and specific anti-gB antibodies for IHC analysis could be applied for further understanding of epidemiological distributions of ChHV5 infection in sea turtles, and studies of ChHV5 pathogenesis.
Differentially methylated and expressed genes in familial type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dashti Mohammed , Nizam Rasheeba , Hebbar Prashantha , Jacob Sindhu , John Sumi Elsa , Channanath Arshad , Al-Kandari Hessa , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Al-Mulla Fahd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere has recently been a growing interest in examining the role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to delineate differences in methylation patterns between T1D-affected and healthy individuals by examining the genome-wide methylation of individuals from three Arab families from Kuwait with T1D-affected mono-/dizygotic twins and non-twinned siblings. Bisulfite sequencing of DNA from the peripheral blood of the affected and healthy individuals from each of the three families was performed. Methylation profiles of the affected individuals were compared to those of the healthy individuals Principal component analysis on the observed methylation profiling based on base-pair resolution clustered the T1D-affected twins together family-wide. The sites/regions that were differentially methylated between the T1D and healthy samples harbored 84 genes, of which 18 were known to be differentially methylated in T1D individuals compared to healthy individuals in publicly available gene expression data resources. We further validated two of the 18 genes—namely ICA1 and DRAM1 that were hypermethylated in T1D samples compared to healthy samples—for upregulation in T1D samples from an extended study cohort of familial T1D. The study confirmed that the ICA1 and DRAM1 genes are differentially expressed in T1D samples compared to healthy samples.
Musical Training and Its Association With Age-Related Changes in Binaural, Temporal, and Spatial Processing
Authors: Nisha Kavassery Venkateswaran , Durai Ranjini , Konadath Sreeraj 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This article aimed to assess the relationship between musical training and age-related changes in binaural, temporal, and spatial processing abilities.

Design:
A standard group comparison study was conducted involving both musicians and nonmusicians. The effect of musical training was assessed using a battery of psychoacoustical tests (interaural time and level difference thresholds: ITD & ILD, binaural gap detection threshold, and virtual auditory space identification test) and subjective ratings (Spatial-Hearing subsection of Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing scale in Kannada).

Study sample:
A total of 60 participants, between 41 and 70 years, were divided into three groups of 20 each, based on their age (41–50, 51–60, and 61–70 years). Each of these three groups was subdivided into two, one comprising 10 musicians (vocalists practicing South-Indian classical music) and the other comprising 10 nonmusicians.

Results:

Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that musicians performed significantly better (
p
< .001) than nonmusicians in all the tests. Analyses of variance showed that whereas age had no effect (
p
> .05) on performance in any of the tests in musicians, age affected the performance of nonmusicians significantly in terms of ITD (
p
= .02) and ILD (
p
= .01) thresholds.

Conclusion:
Musical training appears to have the potential to slow down age-related decline in binaural, temporal, and spatial processing.
KiDS+VIKING+GAMA: Halo occupation distributions and correlations of satellite numbers with a new halo model of the galaxy-matter bispectrum for galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing
Authors: Linke Laila , Simon Patrick , Schneider Peter , Farrow Daniel J. , Rödiger Jens , Wright Angus H. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Halo models and halo occupation distributions (HODs) are important tools to model the distribution of galaxies and matter.
Aims. We present and assess a new method for constraining the parameters of HODs using the mean gravitational lensing shear around galaxy pairs, so-called galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing (G3L). In contrast to galaxy-galaxy lensing, G3L is also sensitive to the correlations between the per-halo numbers of galaxies from different populations. We employed our G3L halo model to probe these correlations and test the default hypothesis that they are negligible.
Methods. We derived a halo model for G3L and validated it with realistic mock data from the Millennium Simulation and a semi-analytic galaxy model. Then, we analysed public data from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), the VISTA Infrared Kilo-Degree Galaxy Survey (VIKING) and data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly Survey (GAMA) to infer the HODs of galaxies at z < 0.5 in five different stellar mass bins between 108.5h−2 M⊙ and 1011.5h−2 M⊙ and two colours (red and blue), as well as correlations between satellite numbers.
Results. The analysis accurately recovers the true HODs in the simulated data for all galaxy samples within the 68% credibility range. The model best fits agree with the observed G3L signal on the 95% confidence level. The inferred HODs vary significantly with colour and stellar mass. In particular, red galaxies prefer more massive halos ≳1012 M⊙, while blue galaxies are present in halos ≳1011 M⊙. There is strong evidence (> 3σ) for a high correlation, increasing with halo mass, between the numbers of red and blue satellites and between galaxies with stellar masses below 1010 M⊙.
Conclusions. Our G3L halo model accurately constrains galaxy HODs for lensing surveys of up to 103 deg2 and redshift below 0.5 probed here. Analyses of future surveys may need to include non-Poisson variances of satellite numbers or a revised model for central galaxies. Correlations between satellite numbers are ubiquitous between various galaxy samples and are relevant for halos with masses ≳1013 M⊙, that is, of galaxy-group scale and more massive. Possible causes of these correlations are the selection of similar galaxies in different samples, the survey flux limit, or physical mechanisms such as a fixed ratio between the satellite numbers of distinct populations. The decorrelation for halos with smaller masses is probably an effect of shot noise by low-occupancy halos. The inferred HODs can be used to complement galaxy-galaxy lensing or galaxy-clustering HOD studies or as input to cosmological analyses and improved mock galaxy catalogues.
Überblick zur Supportivtherapie für Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Büntzel Jens , Micke Oliver , Glatzel Michael , Kisters Klaus , Mücke Ralph 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Fragestellung Es sollen die spezifischen Aspekte der Supportivtherapie bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen zusammengestellt werden.
Methode Darstellung der Symptome entsprechend des Zeitverlaufs der Behandlung. Supportive Therapieansätze entsprechend der S3-Leitlinie und Ansätze aus der Komplementärmedizin werden zugeordnet.
Ergebnisse Die Patienten erleben Funktionsverluste durch ihre Krankheit und die erfahrene Therapie. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Beeinträchtigungen der Stimme und Sprache sowie der Nahrungsaufnahme. Ästhetische Probleme, weitere Sinnesverluste (Riechen, Schmecken, Hören) und Komorbiditäten (insbesondere im psychiatrischen Bereich) prägen den Alltag unserer Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung Der multimodalen Behandlung eines fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Tumors muss eine multiprofessionelle Supportivmedizin entgegengesetzt werden, die für diese Patienten oft lebenslang notwendig ist.