bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and performance of a multiplex serology assay to quantify antibody responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination
Authors: Wilkins Deidre , Aksyuk Anastasia A , Ruzin Alexey , Tuffy Kevin M , Green Tina , Greway Rebecca , Fikes Brittany , Bonhomme Cyrille J , Esser Mark T , Kelly Elizabeth J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesRobust, quantitative serology assays are required to accurately measure antibody levels following vaccination and natural infection. We present validation of a quantitative, multiplex, SARS‐CoV‐2, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) serology assay; show correlation with two established SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays; and present calibration results for two SARS‐CoV‐2 reference standards.MethodsPrecision, dilutional linearity, ruggedness, analytical sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were assessed using serum from prepandemic and SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive patient samples. Assay concordance to the established Roche Elecsys® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassay and a live‐virus microneutralisation (MN) assay was evaluated.ResultsStandard curves demonstrated the assay can quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels over a broad range. Assay precision (10.2−15.1% variability), dilutional linearity (≤ 1.16‐fold bias per 10‐fold increase in dilution), ruggedness (0.89−1.18 overall fold difference), relative accuracy (107−118%) and robust selectivity (102−104%) were demonstrated. Analytical sensitivity was 7, 13 and 7 arbitrary units mL−1 for SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S), receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens, respectively. For all antigens, analytical specificity was > 90% and clinical specificity was 99.0%. Clinical sensitivities for S, RBD and N antigens were 100%, 98.8% and 84.9%, respectively. Comparison with the Elecsys® immunoassay showed ≥ 87.7% agreement and linear correlation (Pearson r of 0.85, P < 0.0001) relative to the MN assay. Conversion factors for the WHO International Standard and Meso Scale Discovery® Reference Standard are presented.ConclusionsThe multiplex SARS‐CoV‐2 ECL serology assay is suitable for efficient, reproducible measurement of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens in human sera, supporting its use in clinical trials and sero‐epidemiology studies.
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside induces pyroptosis by activating caspase‐1 to cleave GSDMD in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chen Tuo , Wang Zhen , Zhong Junbo , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Haopeng , Zhang Dayong , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhong Xianfei , Wang Jing , Li Hai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSecoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main component of lignans with various biological activities, including anticancer activity. However, whether SDG has obvious anticancer effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has received increasing attention in cancer‐related research. In this study, we aimed to test the anticancer properties and relatecd functional mechanisms of SDG. we found that SDG not only inhibited the cell viability of HCT116 cells, but also induced HCT116 cells to swell with apparent large bubbles, which are typical signs of pyroptosis. Furthermore, SDG induced cell pyroptosis by enhancing cleavage of the N‐terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD) in CRC cells, accompanied by increased caspase‐1 cleavage. Consistent with this, SDG‐induced GSDMD‐N‐terminal fragment cleavage and pyroptosis were reduced by siRNA‐mediated silencing of caspase‐1 or treatment with the specific caspase‐1 inhibitor VX‐765 treatment, suggesting that active caspase‐1 further induces pyroptosis. A mechanistic study showed that SDG induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation and increases pyroptosis, while increasing GSDMD and caspase‐1 cleavage and enhancing expression of BCL2‐associated X (BAX), which could be rescued by the ROS scavenger (NAC), suggesting that SDG‐induced GSDME‐dependent pyroptosis is related to the ROS/PI3K/AKT/BAX‐mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In vivo results showed that SDG significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the HCT116‐CRC nude mouse model. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the anticancer activity of SDG in CRC is associated with the induction of GSDMD‐dependent pyroptosis by SDG through the generation of ROS/P13K/AKT/BAK‐mitochondrail apoptosis pathway, providing insights into SDG in its potential new application in cancer treatment.
Changes in white oak (Quercus alba) phytochemistry in response to periodical cicadas: Before, during, and after an emergence
Authors: Perkovich Cynthia , Ward David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeriodical cicadas have mass emergences once every 13 or 17 years. Plants may need to upregulate defense production in response to an emergence. Defense production is energetically expensive, so plants may downregulate their production after periodical cicada populations dissipate. We examined the defensive responses in leaves, branches, and roots of a common host, white oak (Quercus alba), prior to, during, and after a 17‐year periodical cicada (Magicicadaspp.) emergence in western Pennsylvania, United States. During the emergence, total tannins and condensed tannins increased in foliar tissue, while simultaneously decreasing in root tissue compared to the prior and subsequent years. Non‐structural carbohydrates were low prior to the mass emergence but were re‐allocated to belowground storage during the emergence year and dropped thereafter. In the year after the emergence, there was a relaxation of foliar defenses, and root defenses returned to pre‐emergence concentrations. We also tested for differences in damaged and undamaged branches on the same tree during (2019) and the year after the emergence (2020). Both damaged and undamaged branches had significantly greater chemical defenses (polyphenols, total tannins, and condensed tannins) during the emergence than in the following year when there was no emergence. We propose that re‐allocation of resources may help maximize oak tree fitness by moving resources away from areas that are not in immediate threat to areas that are under immediate threat. Changes in aboveground and belowground phytochemistry in response to periodical cicada mass emergences may help us better understand which resource re‐allocation strategies are used by plants to minimize the effects of insect emergencies.
Transition Metal Complexes of NHC Ligands Functionalized with the Cationic (η5‐Cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II) Motif
Authors: Malchau Christian , Fries Daniela V. , Mees Yannick , Jakobs Marisa F. , Sun Yu , Becker Sabine , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStarting from [(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II)]imidazole, dicationic imidazolium salts were prepared by N‐alkylation. Reaction of these compounds with basic metal precursors such as mesityl copper(I) or palladium(II) acetate led to mono respectively dicationic transition metal NHC complexes (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene). Transmetalation using the copper(I) complexes opened up the access to NHC gold(I) compounds. PEPPSI‐type NHC complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II) were prepared by offering a neutral pyridine ligand to the transition metal center. A rhodium(I) NHC complex was accessible by deprotonation of the dicationic imidazolium precursor and subsequent treatment with [(COD)Rh(μ2‐Cl)]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene). The new NHC complexes were investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry as well as single crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Both, the palladium(II) containing PEPPSI‐type and the gold(I) complex, were investigated for their catalytic properties in typical model reactions such as cyclization reactions, Suzuki coupling and cyanation. In addition, a selenium adduct was synthesized in order to study the electronic properties of the underlying ligand backbone. Based on the chemical shift in the 77Se NMR spectrum, it is evident that these NHC ligands possess rather poor π‐acidity.
Z‐Selective Alkene Formation from Reductive Aldehyde Homo‐Couplings
Authors: Mai Juri , Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Wagner Sebastian , Orthaber Andreas , Ott Sascha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent methodologies for the direct reductive coupling of two aldehydes to alkenes afford almost exclusively the thermodynamically favouredE‐isomer. Recent efforts to find phosphorus‐based reagents as replacements for the low‐valent Ti species in McMurry couplings present opportunities to change this shortcoming, and to design new reagents that allow for the formation of high proportions ofZ‐alkenes under kinetic control. Here, we report the first example of such a reagent, a phosphanyl phosphonate MesFP(H)P(O)(OEt)2,6, with an electron‐deficient MesF=2,4,6‐(CF3)3Ph substituent that promotes the reductive homo‐coupling of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes to alkenes with highZ‐selectivity. Computational results indicate that the selectivity stems from the electron deficient MesF, which results in lowered activation barriers for the collapse of a cis‐oxaphosphetane intermediate. In the absence of MesF, theE‐isomer is exclusively observed experimentally. Directing the isomeric outcome of alkene formation by introducing electron withdrawing P‐substituents bears resemblance to the Still‐Gennari modification of the Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons reaction where perfluorinated ethoxy substituents in the former also lead to high proportions of theZ‐isomer.
Evaluating the impact of aggregation and RTS/CTS schemes on IEEE 802.11 based Linear Wireless Ad‐Hoc Networks
Authors: Guo Yunhai , Li Zhengxiang , Lv Rui , Yang Zhanxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Linear Wireless Ad‐Hoc Network (Linear WANET), as a branch of the Ad‐Hoc network, refers to a self‐organizing multi‐hop wireless network in which nodes are arranged linearly. Frame aggregation and RTS/CTS schemes are introduced in IEEE 802.11 aims to improve network transmission performance. However, the traditional mechanisms may not have good adaptability in linear multi‐hop networks. Thus, we defined a Linear WANET simulation model based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol. We established this model on the NS‐3 network simulator to perform A‐MSDU, A‐MPDU, and two‐level frame aggregation simulation and analyzed the aggregation performance under different channel environments. Meanwhile, the RTS/CTS and TXOP mechanisms were also simulated in this article. We analyzed the performance of each mechanism in a Linear WANET under saturated and unsaturated environments. We found that the linear multi‐hop characteristic has a significant impact on the performance of the frame aggregation mechanism. In the Linear WANET, the A‐MSDU mechanism can improve system performance to a limited extent, but at the same time, it will increase the packet loss rate and delay. So, the two‐level aggregation can improve the maximum throughput of the system with better channel conditions. In the case of single A‐MPDU aggregation, there has a lowest data delivery interval that the Linear WANET system can withstand. The A‐MPDU mechanism is a better choice for the poor channel conditions with unsaturated system throughput. Meanwhile, we also found that the native TXOP mechanism cannot effectively improve the system efficiency of Linear WANET. The RTS/CTS mechanism can enhance system throughput performance in most cases, especially in a saturated throughput environment.
Optimization of channel and rib dimension in serpentine flow field for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Agarwal Varsha , Barnwal Vivek Kumar , Sahu Shubham , Singh Arvind 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn redox flow battery, uniform electrolyte circulation is essential in the electrochemical reaction zone to achieve high current density. Flow field helps with the uniform distribution of electrolytes in reaction zone. In this article, the effect of different dimension of flow channels in a serpentine flow field on hydrodynamic aspects was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Cells with active area of 927 cm2having various combinations of flow channels width (1, 2, and 3 mm) and rib width (1, 2, and 3 mm) were employed for optimization of uniform electrolyte distribution in the reaction zone to achieve high power density. The electrode intrusion into flow channels were of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm and an electrode of 2.5 mm thickness were used to observe the pressure drop and electrolyte circulation effects for simulation studies. Those simulation results showed that with an increase in channel dimension, electrolyte circulation increases along with pressure drop, and with an increase in intrusion depth pressure drop also increases, therefore overall electrochemical performances will increase. This study will assist in the stack level design of the vanadium redox flow battery.
Addressing Anti‐Black Racism in Bioethics: Responding to the Call
Authors: Fletcher Faith E. , Ray Keisha S. , Brown Virginia A. , Smith Patrick T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a field concerned with ethical issues in health and health care, particularly how structures, policies, and practices unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others, bioethics has a moral obligation to address the long‐standing challenges that racism has posed to the overall health and well‐being of Black, Indigenous, and Latinx people and other people of color. Arguably, the premature death and disease disproportionately affecting Black Americans and the well‐documented association of such death and illness with racism are issues that have not gained due attention in bioethics. This multiauthored report highlights the intergenerational work of mostly Black scholars and aims to create an agenda for bioethics that addresses anti‐Black racism and the ways in which this form of racism threatens the actualization of justice in health and health care, not only for Black people and other minoritized groups but also for all people.This special report contains five major sections representing different approaches to scholarship, including theoretical, empirical, and narrative forms. The first section features two target articles focused on anti‐Black racism and health care settings, with each article accompanied by two commentaries. The second section includes four essays thematically centered around anti‐Black racism and health equity research and practice. Section three features four essays that explore anti‐Black racism and bioethics. The next section consists of four essays framing a braver, bolder, and broader bioethics. We conclude with a powerful tribute to the late Marian Gray Secundy, a bioethics luminary, friend, colleague, role model, and mentor, and a tie that binds together many bioethics scholars who prioritize social justice in their scholarship and praxis.
Black Feminist Bioethics: Centering Community to Ask Better Questions
Authors: James Jennifer Elyse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis commentary builds off the article “Is Trust Enough? Anti‐Black Racism and the Perception of Black Vaccine ‘Hesitancy,’” by Yolonda Wilson, and her assertion that the question, “Why don't Black people trust … ?” is insufficient. The commentary describes ways in which a Black feminist approach to knowledge production can facilitate centering community and can lead researchers, health care providers, and bioethicists to ask better questions. Instead of demanding that Black patients change to fit within biomedicine, people in these fields must radically reimagine biomedicine to better meet the needs of Black patients. For this to become a reality, bioethicists must work toward eliminating racism, and the field of bioethics should embrace Black feminist bioethics to work toward this goal.
Womanist Ethics as a Contribution to Bioethics
Authors: Mack April 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis essay argues that womanism, a social theory focused on the embodied lives of Black women, can be useful to bioethicists as they consider health care ethics during a pandemic—and beyond. A general social justice‐oriented ethical framework is helpful to begin a conversation on pandemic ethics, but it does not directly lead to the kind of on‐the‐margins‐of‐society framework that is necessary to increase health equity and justice. With particular concern for poor Black women, I discuss three main reasons that such an ethics framework needs to incorporate womanist ethics: the feminization of poverty, lack of access to high‐quality health care, and rape and other historical violence against Black women. I conclude by proposing that an understanding of womanism as a correlative to the Black Lives Matter clarion call can create an ethical narrative in bioethics that can exist beyond times of pandemic.
On the Shoulders of Giants: A Reckoning with Social Justice
Authors: Bogdan‐Lovis Elizabeth , Kelly‐Blake Karen , Jiang Wendy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a field, bioethics has failed to adequately change in a direction that pursues and addresses continually shifting contemporary social problems, in particular, anti‐Black racism. In this essay, we draw from interviews with four senior Black scholars—Anita L. Allen, Claretta Y. Dupree, Patricia A. King, and Lawrence J. Prograis, Jr.—to learn from their experiences in this field dominated by White‐majority thought and to consider thematically how best to recalibrate bioethics to imagine a braver, broader, and better bioethics, one that centers social justice and is equipped to work against anti‐Black racism.
Herstory as an Important Force in Bioethics
Authors: Sodeke Stephen , Fletcher Faith E. , Brown Virginia A. , Stone John R. , Wilson Cynthia B. , Franklin Tené Hamilton , Royal Charmaine D. M. , Bonham Vence L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis tribute celebrates the life and work of Marian Gray Secundy (1938–2002), who was the first director of the National Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care, a passionate advocate for health equity, a visionary scholar, and a skilled editor and collaborator. Within the tribute are several short remembrances in which individuals describe their association with Secundy to honor her as a leader, friend, scholar, advocate, and teacher in bioethics.
Drug absorption in bariatric surgery patients: A narrative review
Authors: Alalwan Abdullah Abdulaziz , Friedman Jeffrey , Alfayez Osamah , Hartzema Abraham 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increase in the number of bariatric surgeries performed, little is known about the impact of the surgery on drug absorption. Unpredictability is assumed with drugs, given the anatomical changes after surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on drug absorption based on the type of procedure performed.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature review searching PubMed/Medline for published studies (from inception to December 2017) that evaluate the use of drugs and the assessment of drug absorption after bariatric surgery. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, case reports, and observational studies were included in our review.ResultsWe found 60 studies addressing drug use after bariatric surgery. Twenty‐eight studies reported a decrease in drug absorption after bariatric surgery while only four studies showed an increase in drug absorption. Unchanged absorption of drugs was seen in 23 studies after the surgery.ConclusionThe available information shows variations in drug absorption after bariatric surgery. The unpredictability may result from factors related to the patient, drug, and/or type of surgery. Therefore, pharmacists' involvement and close monitoring of patients after bariatric surgery could be effective to avoid sub‐/supratherapeutic responses.
l‐Arginine prevents 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal accumulation and depresses inflammation via inhibiting NF‐κB activation
Authors: Liang Mingcai , Wang Zhengxuan , Li Hui , Liu Bingxiao , Yang Lin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract4‐Hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) is an inducer of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elicit the link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation and the depression of inflammation whether dependent onl‐arginine availability in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with different levels of
l‐arginine at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The control group was fed with commercial pellets. After 14 days of oral administration,
l‐arginine significantly reduced hepatic accumulation of HNE and depressed inflammation in rats as compared with the control group. Compared to the control group, the anti‐inflammatory action of
l‐arginine is reflected by upregulation of hepatic interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and the suppression of hepatic cyclooxygenase‐2, tumor necrotic factor α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expressions in growing rats. With
l‐arginine administration, the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was efficaciously inhibited through the upregulation of inhibitory κBα, and the depression of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that
l‐arginine could reduce hepatic HNE levels and depress inflammation in growing rats, revealing a link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation with the depression of inflammation, which was attributed to the availability of
l‐arginine. A significant finding of this study was that the anti‐inflammatory mechanism exerted by
l‐arginine was to inhibit NF‐κB activation via downregulating PI3K/Akt.
What is at stake in a war? A prospective evaluation of the Ukraine and Russia conflict for business and society
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Chin Markson Wee Chien , Ee Yaw Seng , Fung Chorng Yuan , Giang Carolina Sandra , Heng Kiat Sing , Kong Melinda Lian Fah , Lim Agnes Siang Siew , Lim Bibiana Chiu Yiong , Lim Rodney Thiam Hock , Lim Tze Yin , Ling Chui Ching , Mandrinos Symeon , Nwobodo Stanley , Phang Cynthia Su Chen , She Long , Sim Chia Hua , Su Sueh Ing , Wee Gabriel Wei En , Weissmann Marc Arul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWar produces devastating impacts on humankind, especially in terms of lives and livelihoods. While war is a widely studied topic in history, it remains relatively understudied in business. To address this gap, this article explores the impact of war for business and society. To do so, this article undertakes a prospective evaluation of the Ukraine and Russia conflict as a recent case of war. In doing so, this article reveals that a war can impact society within (e.g., limit access to basic necessities and monetary resources, increase unemployment and reduce purchasing power, and increase asylum seekers and refugees) and outside (e.g., supply shortage and inflation and threat of false information) as well as business within (e.g., threat of cyberattacks, threat to digital and sustainable growth, and short‐term and long‐term sanctions and support) and outside (e.g., test of business ethics and moral obligations and test of brand management) war‐torn countries. The article concludes with an agenda for future research involving war, business, and society.