bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold Hardiness of ‘Montmorency’ Sour Cherry Flower Buds during Spring Development1
Authors: Dennis F. G. , Carpenter W. S. , MacLean W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laboratory and orchard studies were designed to determine the critical temperatures at which injury to flowers of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) occurred during spring development. In laboratory freezing tests, the temperature at which 50% of the flowers were killed (LT50) rose rapidly as the buds swelled, reaching −5°C just prior to separation of the bud scales and −3° at full bloom. Comparison of orchard minima with subsequent injury indicated greater sensitivity of unopened buds, but lower sensitivity of expanding flowers, in comparison with laboratory values. Limited comparisons indicated no consistent effect of previous temperatures upon bud hardiness. On the basis of these observations, growers with orchard heating equipment should not permit temperatures to fall below −2° once buds reach the “water bud” stage (40 to 50 mg fresh weight per bud).
G314, G323, G326, G328, and G364 High Solids Cabbage Inbreds1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Stamer J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group), is about 92.5% water or 7.5% dry matter. This results in excess brine during sauerkraut production. However, savoy cabbage cultivars have 10.5% and kale [B. oleracea L. (Acephala group)], 16-18% dry matter. This has not changed much since it was first reported in 1924 by Lamprecht (3). The dry matter fluctuates from season to season. The hybrid ‘Roundup’, for example, has varied from 6.5% (1974) to 8.1% (1970), while ‘King Cole’ has varied from 5.2 to 7.6% dry matter. ‘King Cole’ is usually 0.4% lower in dry matter than ‘Roundup’. In years when dry matter is low, the excess of brine during sauerkraut manufacture can be as high as 30% (2). In years such as 1972 there is little excess brine. If dry matter could be increased, surplus brine would be reduced and packout increased.
New Approaches in Rose Breeding1
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Present garden roses lack winter hardiness and are more or less susceptible to Blackspot. Winterhardy and disease resistant cultivars and species of Rosa are available but these have generally a short flowering season and they do not have the flower quality of present garden cultivars. Breeding programs were devised with diploid and tetraploid cultivars and species to obtain winterhardy, remontant roses with resistance to blackspot, Diplocarpon rosae Wolf., and to powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca pannosa Wall. ex. Fr./Lev. For the program at the diploid level, cultivars of R. rugosa Thunb. were used as source for hardiness and disease resistance and cultivars of R. chinensis Jacq. as source for the everblooming habit and flower quality. For the program at the tetraploid level, unnamed seedlings of different hybrid origin were used as source for hardiness and disease resistance and garden rose cultivars as source for the everblooming habit and flower quality. The desired results have been partially obtained from both breeding programs but the program with tetraploid roses produced the first tangible results.
Control of Internal Browning of ‘Schmidt’ Sweet Cherries by Handling in Water1
Authors: Wade G. L. , Dewey D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A browning disorder of the fleshy mesocarp of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L., cv. Schmidt) was related to damage caused by bruising, particularly of turgid fruit. Browning was reduced by immediate and continuous submergence of the bruised fruit in water at ambient temperatures (23–30°C). Vacuum treatment or the addition of ascorbic acid or calcium chloride did not improve the effectiveness of water in the retardation of browning. Cracking of fruit held in water for as long as 24 hours was minimized by adding sucrose or corn syrup at concentrations equivalent to the soluble solids content of the fruit. Canning of bruised cherries masked the browning discoloration and off-flavor present in fresh fruit.
Changes in Polyphenoloxidase Activity and Substrate Levels in Maturing ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple and Other Cultivars1
Authors: Zocca Andrea , Ryugo Kay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Analyses conducted on acetone powder and extracts prepared from ‘Golden Delicious’ apples collected from late July to early September revealed that the polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity increased during the maturation period while the substrate level decreased. Protein content decreased initially and then increased as the apple approached full maturity. Similar analyses on other cultivars revealed wide variations; ‘Tohoku #3’ had low PPO activity and substrate level which may make this cultivar a good candidate for mechanical harvesting provided it possesses other acceptable horticultural characteristics.
Ethylene-releasing Compounds to Loosen Olive Fruits for Mechanical Harvesting1
Authors: Vitagliano Claudio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2-chloro-ethyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy)silane (Alsol) at 1000 ppm applied 16 days before commercial harvest reduced the fruit removal force (FRF) of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Frantoio) by 73% and 53%, respectively. Alsol markedly reduced FRF soon after treatment while ethephon action took longer. Both chemicals induced high levels of fruit drop and some defoliation, 7% for ethephon and 15% for Alsol. Ethylene evolution was much higher from fruits treated with Alsol than from those treated with ethephon during the first few days after spraying.
Tree Density Affects Large-root Distribution of ‘Washington’ Navel Orange Trees1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , McCarty C. D. , Lewis L. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tree density (222-801 trees/ha) affected growth of roots in plantings of ‘Washington’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Root spread, circumference, and root size were greater on wide spaced trees than on closely planted trees which had overlapping root systems. Roots of closely spaced trees were shorter in length and smaller in size.
Effect of Ethylene on Chlorophyllase Activity and Chlorophyll Content in Calamondin Rind Tissue1
Authors: Barmore Charles R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chlorophyllase activity in rind tissue of calamondin (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) increased 195% following a 10 ppm ethylene treatment at 30°C for 24 hours with a concomitant decrease in chlorophyll. A 6 to 12 hour treatment with ethylene was required before detecting increased chlorophyllase activity. Cycloheximide applied immediately prior to the ethylene treatment reduced ethylene stimulated chlorophyllase activity by 60% and reduced chlorophyll degradation markedly, indicating that ethylene stimulated the synthesis or activation of chlorophyllase.
Comparative Wet-digestion and Dry-ashing of Orange and Schefflera Leaves for Nutrient Determinations1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Handy M. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using wet-digestion as a standard, leaf samples of orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia) and Schefflera actinophylla Harms were dry-ashed at 500° and 700°C to demonstrate analytical sensitivity of the Schefflera nutrient elements to ashing temperature. Citrus leaf samples dry-ashed at 500° showed only a significant analytical loss in Fe, but dry-ashing at 700° showed substantial losses in Zn, and K. Schefflera leaf samples dry-ashed at 500° showed substantial losses in Cu, Fe, and Mn. Samples dry-ashed at 700° showed high to very high losses in Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe. Use of an analytical method established for one plant species was clearly not applicable to others without verification.
Contaminants Present in Materials Commonly Used to Purify Plant Extracts for Hormone Analysis1
Authors: Martin George C. , Dennis Frank G. , Gaskin Paul , MacMillan Jake 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensitive analytical techniques such as gas chromatography or combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, detect not only plant hormones, but chemical contaminants as well. Thorough cleaning of solvents and chromatographic materials used for extracting plants as well as identification of the contaminants present will assist in resolving the contaminants from hormones present in the same extract.
Acclimatization of Tropical Trees for Interior Use1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Appearance of container grown Fiscus benjamina Linn. (weeping fig) and Brassaia actinophylla Pov. (schefflera), as measured by plant grade, density and leaf retention after 10 weeks under an interior environment, was improved over plants grown in full sun when plants were previously acclimatized under 40 or 80% shade for 5 or more weeks. There was also an increase in leaf retention as interior light supplied 12 hours/day 7 days a week, increased from 270 to 810 to 1350 lumens/m2.
In vitro Propagation of Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth.1
Authors: Kunisaki J. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid in vitro propagation of Cordyline terminalis was achieved through the induction and proliferation of shoots of stem explants using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm of 6-benzylamino purine (BA). No growth regulators were required for rapid rooting of shoots. Plantlets were successfully transplanted to vermiculite under a light mist and reduced light intensity.
An Experimental Greenhouse Soil Temperature Control System1
Authors: Stephens L. C. , Widmer R. E. , Flikke A. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A system for greenhouse soil temperature control was designed which combines a moderately wide range of soil temperature above and below air temperature, whole-plot replication, and relatively high numbers of plants per treatment The apparatus was developed for studies involving Cyclamen persicum Mill., but also should be useful for studies of other crops or plant diseases.
Foam Sprays of Plant Growth Regulating Chemicals on Rose Shoot Development at Cutback1
Authors: Carpenter William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Expanded foam sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyran-yl)-9H-purine (PBA), and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 1000 and 2000 ppm applied at plant cutback increased the total number of flowering stems per plant and the number of stems from axillary buds within 30 cm of the bud union, compared with conventional sprays of the same chemicals and concentration. Sprays of plant growth regulators were most effective when applied at cutback, with less benefit from treatments 3 weeks before cutback or 1 or 3 weeks after cutback. No chemical or method of application effectively promoted shoot development from the bud union.
Pollination and the Timing of Fruit-set in Cucumbers1
Authors: Fuller G. L. , Leopold A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ovary stimulation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Crusader) is accomplished rapidly after pollination. Increases in fruit growth are measurable within 24 hours. Experiments where styles were severed from ovaries at intervals after pollination indicate that the signal for ovary growth is received 12-18 hours after pollination. Histological examinations showed that at 12 hours pollen tubes have just penetrated beyond the base of the style into the ovary. Pollen tubes penetrated ovular tissue to accomplish fertilization 30-36 hours after pollination. This timing indicates that cucumber fruit-set is regulated by interactions between pollen tubes and pistillate tissue prior to syngamy.
The New Guinea Impatiens
Authors: Arisumi Torn , Cathey H. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The group of exotic ornamentals known as the New Guinea impatiens is new to the U.S.A. and has created much interest among many gardeners and some plant breeders. This colorful and diverse assemblage comprises the original plant collections from the wild and hybrid cultivars developed by several research and commercial institutions. The plants were collected in the subtropical highlands of Australian New Guinea in 1970 by H. F. Winters and J. J. Higgins of the Agricultural Research Service who led an expedition for ornamental plant exploration in New Guinea. The expedition was cosponsored by the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and the Longwood Foundation, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. In 1972 the Plant Introduction Station, USDA, distributed the plants to various research institutions, commercial growers, and amateur breeders throughout the country.
Catfacing of Tomato Fruits as Influenced by Pruning1
Authors: Sikes J. , Coffey D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Catfacing on tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. Manapal) was affected more by time of pruning than amount of pruning. Results indicated that a 2 stem, delayed pruning system produced a lower percentage of catfaced fruit than either 1 or 2 stem early pruning system. Catfacing rates in an unpruned system were equal to that of the delayed pruning system, but early marketable yields were depressed with the unpruned plants. Differences noted in vegetative characteristics, treatment response, and the nature of the deformity suggest that growth regulator balance may influence the formation of catfaced fruit
People/Plant Interaction: Human Perspectives in Horticulture1
Authors: Lewis C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulture is a branch of agriculture and as such is primarily concerned with the production of a product, be it fruit, vegetable or ornamental. Horticultural research, applied to improvement of production methods and product, has resulted in sophisticated control of production and uniformity of product. People seldom enter the purview of horticultural research, except in studies of labor-efficient methods of production or the consumer market.
Floral Initiation, Development, and Gametogenesis in ‘Roseum elegans’ Rhododenron1
Authors: Arisumi Toru , Uhring Joseph , Pryor Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rhododendron sp. cv. Roseum Elegans initiated floral buds from June 1–14 in Beltsville, Maryland. Perianth parts and stamens were initiated by June 14 and carpels by August 9. The ovary was formed by August 23, and ovules were initiated by September 6. Differentiation of stamens was complete by August 23; depending on the season, pollen mother cell (PMC) divisions began as early as August 24 or as late as September 24. Megasporogenesis leading to the formation of 8-nucleate embryo sacs occurred from April 25–May 2, about 1 or 2 weeks before full bloom.
Discoloration of Processed Peaches as Influenced by SADH and Ethephon1
Authors: Hair B. L. , Van Blaricom L. O. , Baumgardner R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The color of the cheek and USDA color score of processed fruit of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. Redskin) were significantly higher when succinic acid-2,2-dimethyl-hydrazide (SADH) was used alone or in combination with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon). Both compounds and the combination strikingly reduced pit cavity discoloration.
Hydrocooling Peaches after Waxing: Effects on Fungicide Residues, Decay Development and Moisture Loss1
Authors: Wells John M. , Revear Larry G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postharvest decay and weight loss of peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) coated with a nonemulsified, water-insoluble blend of mineral oil, petrolatum, and paraffin (wax) containing 5000 ppm Botran and 2500 ppm benomyl was unaffected by subsequent hydrocooling. Botran residues on peaches waxed and hydrocooled under experimental conditions averaged 2.8 ppm, significantly less than those on peaches that were waxed but not hydro-cooled (4.2 ppm). Under commercial conditions, however, Botran residues were slightly less (2.1 to 2.2 ppm) but not significantly different than those on unhydrocooled fruit (2.5 ppm). Therefore weight loss and decay of peaches can be controlled if a nonemulsified wax containing adequate fungicide is applied prior to hydrocooling.
Inhibition Effects of Localized Growth Regulator Sprays on Mature Lemon Trees1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Burns R. M. , Hield H. Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of a plant growth regulator ammonium ethyl carbamoylphosphonoate (Krenite), applied to top regrowth of mature Lisbon lemon trees [Citrus limon (L.) Burmann] resulted in significant inhibition of growth for over 1 year. At concentrations above 0.2% there was excessive foliar and small branch damage.
Handling of Postharvest Tropical Fruit Crops
Authors: Wilson L. George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
People familiar with the tropics are aware of the wide variety of fruits grown in these regions. Some tropical fruits such as bananas, pineapples and papayas are available in temperate zone markets. However, such exotic tropical fruits as mangosteen, carambola, and star apple are rarely, if ever, seen in markets outside the tropics. Other fruits such as citrus, avocados and mangos, which are adaptable to the tropics as well as the sub-tropics, are commonly consumed in the temperate zone. Then there are those temperate fruits such as strawberries, pome fruits and cantelopes that may be adapted to production in certain areas of the tropics. Since bananas are the major tropical fruit exported to temperate zone markets, the handling practices involved with this crop will be described. Considerations for handling other major and minor tropical fruits will be discussed also.
Postharvest Handling of Tropical Vegetable Crops
Authors: Pantastico Er. B. , Bautista Ofelia K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although the total vegetable area in the developing countries of the world is larger than those with well-developed economies by about 6 times, the mean yield per hectare for all vegetables is only half (Table 1). Moreover, the export of vegetables in developing nations is rather low, because quality is demanded in the export market, and uniform quality control is difficult in the fragmented vegetable areas of the tropics. Individual farms average only a hectare or less. Former big landholdings have been fragmented by the system of land tenure and customs of inheritance. A few large commercial growers may cultivate as much as 10 to 50 hectares. The largest single area devoted to vegetables in a country is usually formed by processing companies cultivating as much as 200 hectares. Many farmers grow vegetables as cash crops after their main crops of rice, corn or tobacco.
Postharvest Handling of Tropical Ornamental Cut Crops in Hawaii
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hawaii has probably the most highly developed tropical floral industry in terms of production and export values. The wholesale value of all ornamental crops (cut and lei flowers, foliages, and rooted and potted ornamentals) produced in the State amounted to $4,484,000 (1971), $5,101,000 (1972), $6,341,000 (1973), and $8,211,000 (1974) (7). The total value of all ornamental crops exported was $2,719,000 (1971), $3,074,000 (1972), $3,678,000 (1973), and $4,359,000 (1974). Therefore nearly 60% of the total production was exported, mostly to the U.S. mainland and some to foreign countries. The cut and lei flowers and foliages which are the subjects of this presentation accounted for 89.2% (1971), 90.3% (1972), 86.0%, (1973), 92.0% (1974) of the total value of ornamentals exported. Various rooted and potted ornamentals made up the balance of the export value.
Postharvest Handling of Rooted and Unrooted Cuttings of Tropical Ornamentals1
Authors: Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cuttings of tropical foliage plants for interior use compose the bulk of all ornamental cuttings moving in international commerce. Records of the USDA plant quarantine division in Miami, Florida for October 1974 show that of the 4.3 million cuttings imported through that entry point, 99.8% could be classified as tropical foliage plants. Major plant genera involved included Aglaonema, Aphelandra, Araucaria, Codiaeum, Cordyline, Dieffenbachia, Dracaena, Ficus, Peperomia, Philodendron, Scindapsus and Syngonium.
Effects of Ethephon on Yield and Quality of Winter Squash, Cucurbita maxima Duch.1
Authors: Baker E. C. , Bradley G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied at 2- to 4-leaf stages on winter squash cultivars ‘Boston Marrow’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Hybrid 530’ resulted in pistillate flowers at most early nodes, but these generally aborted. Ethephon applications usually resulted in greater numbers of marketable squash which tended to be smaller in size. The only instance of a significant yield increase occurred on ‘Golden Delicious’ with 2 applications of 150 ppm ethephon. Earlier appearing nodes on ethephon treated plants produced marketable fruit and harvest, based on external color, could have been made up to a week earlier. Presently, ethephon seems to be of limited commercial promise for winter squash under Arkansas conditions.
Louisiana Horticulture
Authors: Newsom Donald W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pecan (cover photograph) is one of the major horticultural crops grown in Louisiana. Approximately 25 million pounds of nuts were harvested during the 1975 season. Other major stategrown horticultural crops include sweet potatoes, potatoes, tomatoes, peaches, strawberries, hot peppers, citrus and various florist and nursery crops. Participants in the 73rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science to be held at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, on August 11-14, 1976 will have an opportunity to visit areas where many of these crops are produced and to visit hot pepper and sweet potato processing plants.
ASHS Placement Service
Authors: Ballinger Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ASHS has operated a Placement Service for 9 years. This service can be extremely valuable to individuals seekjobs and to employers seeking applicants for positions. It is extremely important that employers have a large and complete list of prospective employees before they make a decision. Likewise, prospective employees should have an extensive list of positions available so that they can find a position which is best suited to their training and experience.
Endogenous Growth Substances of Citrus Tissues1
Authors: Goldschmidt Eliezer E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies of growth and development in plants have been imbued with attempts to characterize and identify the endogenous growth substances of plant tissues and to relate changes in their quantities to processes in which they are assumed to participate. Studies of endogenous growth substances can be regarded from the horticultural point of view as complementary to those based upon exogenously supplied growth regulators, leading to better understanding of the developmental processes involved and, eventually, facilitating the practical control of horticultural production.
Opening of Immature Chrysanthemums with Sucrose and 8-Hydroxyquinoline Citrate1
Authors: Gladon Richard J. , Staby George L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Once-over harvested bud-cut chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., were opened in solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) and/or sucrose. Flowers opened in solutions containing 2 or 4% sucrose and 200 ppm 8-HQC were comparable to or better than control flowers which matured in the greenhouse. Flower shape was influenced by the length of time in solution and solution constituents. Flowers harvested at a minimum of 50 mm diameter developed to 125 mm in 5 to 7 days while the greatest increase in inflorescence height took place between days 7 and 14. Flowers opened in solution did not have a longer vase life than control flowers allowed to develop in the greenhouse.