bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of spatially variable material properties on the resistance of masonry walls under compression
Authors: Müller Dominik , Bujotzek Lukas , Proske Tilo , Graubner Carl-Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring their assessment, existing masonry structures often reveal a high variability of their material properties. Since this variability is also present within a single wall, the influence of this spatial variability of the material properties on the wall resistance is of major interest. First, experimental investigations on clay brick masonry walls with local weaknesses under compression loading are presented. The results of these experiments serve to validate a finite element model developed to study the influence of spatially variable material properties on the resistance of masonry walls under compression. The model follows the simplified micro-modelling approach and allows for a unit-to-unit variability of the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of masonry. The finite element model is then utilised within Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the resulting probability distribution of the wall resistance for given distributions of the material properties. Finally, parameter studies are conducted to examine the influence of the coefficient of variation of the material properties, the spatial correlation of the material properties, wall length, and wall slenderness on the resulting distribution of the resistance. The studies demonstrate that spatial variability leads to a decrease in the mean value of the wall resistance. However, the resulting variability of the resistance is much smaller than the input variability of the material properties. Considering the spatial nature of the variability can thus lead to higher design/assessment values of the wall resistance and, hence, a positive effect on structural reliability.
Lung injury aggravated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes: an experimental study
Authors: BOLAT Demet , ÜLGER Menekşe , BARAN Münevver , TURAN Işıl Tuğçe , YAY Arzu 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study explores the impact and potential mechanisms on the STZ (Streptozotocin)-induced diabetes model histopathologically and immunohistochemically on diabetic lung fibrosis.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 14 adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into groups of seven random animals: the control and STZ induced diabetic groups. In the study, a blood glucose level above 200 mg/dl was accepted as diabetes. Nine days after the experiment, the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and lung samples were taken from each. The histopathological appearance of the samples was evaluated and histopathologic damage score was performed. Apoptosis and inflammation in tissues were evaluated with caspase-3 and IL-1β immunohistochemically.
Results: In the histopathological examination, the STZ group had a higher histopathologic damage score than the control group, and there were findings such as vascular congestion, thickened alveolar wall, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In the caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, staining of the lung tissues of the STZ group was higher than the control group. This difference was also significant in terms of IL-1β immunoreactivity intensity.
Conclusion: This study determined that lung complications and damage due to diabetes-induced by STZ occurred.
Timokinon’un sıçanların pankreas dokusunda valproik asidin neden olduğu hasarı iyileştirmeye etkisi
Authors: AZİRAK Sebile , BİLGİÇ Sedat , TAŞTEMİR KORKMAZ Deniz , SEVİMLİ Murat , ÖZER Mehmet Kaya 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı timokinonun (TQ) valproik asit (VPA) kaynaklı pankreas hasarını önleme veya tedavi etmedeki potansiyel etkisinin, sıçanların pankreas dokusundaki gen ekspresyonlarının ve histopatolojik değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 21 erkek Spraque-Dawley sıçanı 3 gruba ayrıldı (n = 7): Kontrol, VPA, VPA + TQ. Sıçanlar, 14 gün boyunca oral yoldan VPA (500 mg/kg/gün) ve TQ (50 mg/kg/gün) ile muamele edildi. Muamelenin 15. gününde, histon deasetilaz (HDAC1 ve HDAC2) genlerinin ekspresyon seviyelerinin analizi için pankreas dokusu çıkarıldı. Pankreas dokularındaki yapısal değişiklikler incelendi.
Bulgular: VPA + TQ grubunun, VPA grubuna göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek HDAC1 ve HDAC2 gen ekspresyonuna sahip olduğu görüldü. Ayrıca bulgularımız, TQ tedavisinin pankreas dokusunu VPA'nın HDAC1 ve HDAC2 gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine karşı koruyabildiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca TQ NADPH oksidaz-4 (NOX-4) ve kaspaz-3 (CAS-3) düzeylerini de düşürdü. VPA+TQ grubunda VPA grubuna göre oksidatif stres azaldı, antioksidan aktivite arttı ve histopatolojik değişiklikler azaldı. VPA'nın neden olduğu pankreas hasarı, TQ'nun antioksidatif ve antiapoptotik etkileri nedeniyle hafifletildi.
Sonuç: TQ, VPA'nın neden olduğu pankreas hasarının şiddetini azaltmada faydalı olabilir.
Quantitative computerized tomography evaluation of the effects of COVID-19 pneumonia on lung volume
Authors: BALIK Ayşe Özlem , YAĞCI Buket 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was o assess the relationship between lung volume decrease and computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in early period.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients were included in the study. The lung volume (LV) was calculated separately for each lung by software-based quantitative CT (QCT). Patient demographics, comorbidity and smoking status, CT findings, visual semi-quantitative CT severity scoring (CT-SS), and decrease of LV were analyzed.
Results: The rate of volume decrease was not statistically related to, age, gender, smoking, or hospitalization status. When the correlation between follow-up CT (FUCT) LV and CT-SS was examined there were good inverse correlation on the right lung (r = -0.583; p = 0.001) and left lung (r = -0.478; p = 0.001). The rate of decrease in the right LV was significantly higher in patients with comorbidities compared to other patients. There was a statistically moderate inverse correlation between decrease of LV and CT-SS in the right lung (r = -0.294; p = 0.031), and no significant correlation was found between the decrease of LV and CT-SS in the left lung (r = -0.096; p = 0.489).
Conclusion: The rate of lung damage and associated volume decrease both increase with the amount of parenchymal involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This change is more frequent in patients with multiple comorbidities. Accurate interpretation of CT findings with quantitative data can help physicians to manage the disease.
Effect of tacrolimus in the inner ear of rats
Authors: UYSAL Fatmanur , ERBEK Selim , ERBEK Seyra , ÇULHAOĞLU Belde 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive agent, is used especially after organ transplantation. It has been asserted that tacrolimus has protective effects on the auditory system in some studies while it has negative effects in other studies. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effect of tacrolimus on the inner ear of the rats.
Materials and Methods: 20 healthy Sprague Downey male rats weighing 250-350 grams were included in our study. The first group of rats were given 1mg/kg tacrolimus (n:7), the second group of rats were given 0.1 mg/kg tacrolimus (n:7), and the third group (n:6) was the non-administered control group. The first measurements of all rats were taken with distortion-product otoacoustic emission before starting the experiment. Then, tacrolimus drug was administered by gavage method to the 1st and 2nd groups along 30 days. The last measurement was repeated on the 30th day.
Results: According to the results of the first measurements, emission was obtained in all rats and the responses were found to have similar characteristics. Similarly, the difference between the signal noise rate values in the last measurements taken from the groups did not show any statistical significance.
Conclusions: Based on the distortion-product otoacoustic emission measurements, it can be said that Tacrolimus does not have ototoxic effects on the auditory system of rats considering the administered dosage and time.
Analysis of multiple-dose methotrexate therapy in tubal ectopic pregnancies
Authors: ÇETİN Furkan , BAYRAMOĞLU TEPE Neslihan , SUCU Seyhun , BADEMKIRAN Muhammed Hanifi , KUTLAR İrfan 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The study aimed at determining the success rate of sequential multi-dose methotrexate treatment in tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) patients and the prognostic factors affecting the treatment success.
Materials and Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of 63 patients -hospitalized with the diagnosis of EP in our tertiary center between 2017-2020 and administered sequential multiple-dose methotrexate treatment protocol- were analyzed in this retrospective study.
Results: Based on research findings, medical treatment was successful in 45 of the patients. It was found that 16 out of 18-patient, 88.8% of the patients in the failed group with methotrexate treatment, were operated on due to tubal rupture during follow-up. The mean of sonographic free fluid in Douglas of the successful group with methotrexate treatment was found to be 2.40±0.70 mm (Mean±SE), while it was 10.38±3.05 mm (Mean±SE) in the failed group at the first consultation. The initial β-hCG value of the successful group with methotrexate treatment was measured 3668.55±440.55 IU/L (Mean±SE), while it was 4929.72±752.65 IU/L (Mean±SE) in the failed group.
Conclusion: The success rate of the sequential multiple dose methotrexate protocol was 71.4%. Both the initial serum β-hCG level and the amount of sonographic free fluid in the pouch of Douglas were found high in the failed group with medical treatment at the first consultation.
Relationship between headache, corpus callosum, and deep white matter lesions in patients with migraine
Authors: ONAY Mehmet , YILDOĞAN Aydın Talip , EREN Fettah 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and measurements of corpus callosum (CC) with migraine characteristics.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control and prospective study that included 50 migraine patients and 40 individuals in the control group. The severity and frequency of headaches and headache pain characteristics were questioned. The effects of the disease were determined using the migraine disability rating scale (MIDAS). WMH lesions were evaluated with the FAZEKAS scale. Morphometric measurements of CC were performed. The relationship between pain characteristics and measurements was examined.
Results: There were 50 migraine patients (44 women, 6 men) with a mean age of 30,86±8,64 (18-51) years. The frequency of multi-point WMHs was higher in migraine patients compared to the control group. There were no differences in the measured values of CC between the two groups. WMHs were more common in patients with nausea complaints. Measured CC genu values were lower in patients with phonophobia and visual aura symptoms.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that patients with migraines have a high rate of WMHs, and this rate is even higher when nausea accompanies attacks. No relationships were found between the measured values of CC and migraines.
Is the diagnosis of lung cancer effective in decision of smoking cessation period?
Authors: BULUT Hülya , YALNIZ Enver , ÇİMEN Pınar 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and smoking plays an important role in the development of lung cancer. The study aims to determine the impact of a lung cancer diagnosis on the period of smoking habits. Also, we aimed to find out the factors affecting smoking cessation in patients after being diagnosed with lung cancer.
Materials and Methods: Our study is a descriptive study with 410 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and who had a history of smoking in a training and research hospital in Izmir between April and December 2018. The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, smoking history, smoking status after the diagnosis, the duration of smoking cessation after the diagnosis, the relationship between smoking and lung cancer disease were investigated.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.41±14.85 and 62.7% of the patients were male. Quitting smoking rate was significantly increased and the number of cigarettes smoked daily was decreased after the diagnosis of lung cancer. The rate of quitting smoking after the diagnosis was higher in male patients compared to female patients and the smoking cessation rate was found to be higher in employees. The smoking cessation rate of those who do not use alcohol is significantly higher. The smoking cessation rate was higher in the first year after the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Conclusions: This study showed that the majority of the patients had quit smoking after the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Protective effect of daidzein on ovarian ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: TOKTAY Erdem , GÜRBÜZ Muhammet Ali , BAL Tuğba , ÖZGÜL Özlem , ERBAŞ Elif , UGAN Rüstem Anıl , SELLİ Jale 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential effects of strong antioxidant daidzein (DZ) on ovarian ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Materials and Methods: A total of 42 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. For the experimental model, the clamps were removed after 3 hours of ischemia, and blood flow was provided again. Then, reperfusion process was terminated for 3 hours. Daidzein was orally administered to animals at doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg 30 minutes before ischemia (I) and ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) procedures.
Results: Severe immunoreactivity of the IL-1β, IL-6 and Caspase-3 were detected in I and I/R groups. Moderate immunoreactivity of IL-1β, IL-6 and Caspase-3 was detected in I+DZ35 and I/R+DZ35 groups, and slightly positivity was detected in I+DZ70 and I/R+DZ70 groups. The SOD activity level increased in the groups treated with Daidzein, while MDA levels decreased. In addition, hemorrhage areas and inflammatory cell migration decreased in I/R+DZ70 and I/R+DZ35 groups, when compared to I/R group in a dose dependent manner.
Conclusion: Daidzein has a strong protective role in the treatment of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury and can be used as a therapeutic agent.
In-hospital pediatric patient transfers to the pediatric emergency department
Authors: DERİNÖZ-GÜLERYÜZ Okşan 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the clinical features of the cases referred from in-hospital areas to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with “reverse transport” have emergency characteristics and the reasons for the transfer, and to contribute to intra-hospital transfer protocols to be prepared.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical properties of 120 patients who were sent to the ED from the hospital area were evaluated.
Results: 57.5% (69) of the patients were male and the median age was 42 months (0-210 months). 45.8% (55) were referred to the ED because their clinical condition required emergency treatment. 54.8% of these patients were stable according to Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) and 78.6% were category 3, 4, 5 according to Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Only 4 patients received ESI life-saving procedures. 70% (84) were treated in the ED. There was a statistically significant difference between the PAT and ESI and the group of patients whose clinical status needed urgent treatment.
Conclusion: Most of the patients sent to PED from other wards within the hospital are stable patients. For the effective use of the PED, the patients who will be transferred to the PED should be carefully evaluated by the relevant physician, priority should be given to the transport of hemodynamically unstable patients to the emergency room, and they should be treated appropriately in short-term follow-up or treatment units. For stable patients, an area independent from the emergency department should be created in line with the facilities of each hospital.
Supernatural Cowboy Heroes
Authors: Seaton Melynda 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe contemporary television series Supernatural (2005–2020) stretches the limits of what a Western can be. Retracing the development of the cowboy hero in popular culture and analysis of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid provide a point of comparison to demonstrate how Supernatural replicates and recycles themes of the Western genre, permitting the series central characters, Sam and Dean Winchester, to signify as updated cowboy heroes for contemporary audiences.
Shifting future: Language teaching today and tomorrow
Authors: Kovacs Gabriella , Nagy Imola Katalin , Biro Eniko 
Published: March 2022

With the present pandemic, a sudden shift away from classrooms has changed the focus of language teaching. New sources, methods, and techniques had to be employed, generating unanticipated changes both for language teachers and language learners. This paper aims to describe the future of language education with the presentation of possible scenarios embedded into the course of paradigm shifts in language teaching. The study analyzes those events, processes, and tendencies which may carry predictive value for the future of language teaching. Those changes which have emerged due to online education, using focus groups and interview-based qualitative research methods for data collection are defined. According to the research results, the future of language teaching and learning is going to be based on four pillars and increased autonomy, which refers to individually tailored methods and contents during online education.

Keywords: Future; language teaching; online education; qualitative research.
E-Commerce Free Returns: Are they really free?
Authors: Sharma Tanvi 
Published: March 2022

The expansion of the e-commerce industry is at the speed of thought. However, a big debate arises out of a small question that can the e-commerce industry be ever considered an environmentally clean way of doing business. This research aims to trace how the e-commerce free returns policy adversely affects the environment. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The research work is purely doctrinal and is a result of a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the said issue. The researcher seeks to add to the existing literature by providing suggestions and a future action plan for the problem so stated above. Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that the e-commerce industry can lead to environmental pollution, especially with fast fashion. The study makes recommendations based on the findings of the study.

Keywords: e-commerce; environment; fast fashion; free returns; online returns.
Up-regulated miR-224-5p can target the expression of Neuritin in hearing loss
Authors: Song Yin , Zhang Xue , Sun Jiawei , Li Lina , Zhang Xiaofei , Li Ping , Huang Jin , Yan Yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hearing loss is a common neurodegenerative disease and few studies on miRNAs associated with hearing loss. This study screened the differentially expressed miRNAs in hearing loss and explored the relationship between Neuritin and hearing loss at the same time.
Methods
The combination of kanamycin sulfate and furosemide was used to establish a mouse hearing loss model. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs during hearing loss. ABR was used to detect listening function. QRT-PCR was used to identify the expression of differential miRNAs in hearing loss. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Neuritin protein. Luciferase was used to identify the binding sites of miRNA and Neuritin.
Results
Neuritin expression decreases after hearing loss. 24 up-regulated miRNAs and 66 down-regulated miRNAs were screened by sequencing. The expression of miR-224-5p increased in the Corti after hearing loss (p < 0.05). MiR-224-5p can inhibit expression of Neuritin and specifically bind to neuritin gene (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Up-regulated miRNA-224-5p in hearing loss can target the expression of Neuritin.
Fibrolipoma of the Tongue: a Rare Entity With Literature Review
Authors: Nagar Saurabh R. , D’souza Zaneta Ivy , Priyadharsini J , Rajpari Kamil N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lipoma is a benign soft tissue mesenchymal tumour, slow growing, usually involving the trunk and proximal parts of extremities and occasionally found within the oral cavity. Intra-oral lipomas are rare and so is its variant fibrolipoma. Buccal mucosa, tongue, the floor of mouth, palate, gingiva, lips and retromolar area are commonly affected. The tongue which is devoid of fat cells is a rare site for lipoma. Here, we report a 36-year-old female patient with a complaint of a painless swelling on the anterior tongue which was present for 5 years with a gradual increase in size, difficulty in speaking, chewing food and having an aesthetic concern. Surgical excision was done and histopathologically diagnosed as fibrolipoma of the tongue. Although rare but fibrolipoma should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses among the lesions affecting the tongue.
Rearing in Hypersaline Inland Ground Saline Water Affect Growth and Osmoregulatory Responses of Common Carp (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Anand Garima , dar Showkat , Srivas P.P. , Varghese Tincy , Gupta Subodh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To examine the culture suitability of common carp in inland saline by evaluating the growth as well as osmoregulatoryresponses,one hundred eighty Cyprinus carpio juveniles (15.9 ± 0.05g) were randomly distributed in four experimental groups in triplicate following completely randomiseddesign T1(0 ppt), T2 (5 ppt), T3 (10 ppt) T4 (15 ppt). Complete mortality occurred in the group reared at 15 ppt within 7 days. Further, with three groups (salinities: 0, 5, 10 ppt)the experiment was continued for 60 days.The weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rateand feed efficiency ratiowere lowest (P<0.05)in the groups reared at 10 ppt compared to 0 and 5 ppt. Similarly, highest expression of IGF-1was observed at 0 ppt followed by 5 ppt. Serum ions concentration as well as serum and water osmolality was increased significantly at 10 ppt compared to 0 ppt and 5 ppt. Na,K-ATPase alpha subunitwas non-significantly increased from 0 to 5 ppt but its value was significantly higher at 10 ppt. Serum glucose and cortisol were independent on salinity (0-10 ppt). the studies revealed that common carp can tolerate salinity upto 10 ppt, however at 5 ppt highest salinity upto which species can grow without any adverse effect on their internal physiology was found and suitable for growth.