bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Score for Predicting Severe Acute Pancreatitis at Admission
Authors: Vannier Elise , Dupont-Lucas Claire , Lagarde Benoît , Menahem Benjamin , Chaigneau Thomas , Piquet Marie-Astrid , Dupont Benoît 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The identification of patients at risk of developing a severe form of acute pancreatitis is a major issue. The goal of this study was to identify parameters at admission associated with severe pancreatitis to develop a predictive severity score.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at Caen University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017, including 504 patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis, of whom 74 had a severe form. We developed a predictive score named Admission Severe Acute Pancreatitis (ASAP) score based on parameters associated with a severe form in multivariate analysis. We validated our score in an independent validation cohort of 80 patients.

Results
Hypothermia, low oxygen saturation or albumin levels, and high creatinine levels were significantly associated with severe pancreatitis. The ASAP score showed notable predictive accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic, 0.82), which was significantly higher than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, persistent Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Balthazar. Using the −2.1742 threshold, the ASAP score had a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and a negative predictive value of 95%. These predictive performances for ASAP score were confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
The ASAP score demonstrates remarkable predictive accuracy in distinguishing severe forms of acute pancreatitis.
Pancreatic Stones
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Inui Kazuo , Katano Yoshiaki , Miyoshi Hironao , Kobayashi Takashi , Tachi Yoshihiko , Torii Yoshinori 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
While chronic pancreatitis associated with pancreatolithiasis presents with pain, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions worsen with time. We examined outcomes of nonsurgical treatment.

Methods
Between 1992 and 2020, we treated pancreatolithiasis nonsurgically in 165 patients with chronic pancreatitis using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy alone or followed by endoscopic procedures. The mean follow-up duration was 49 months (standard deviation, 56 months) and the age was 56 years (standard deviation, 13 years). The male:female ratio was 5.1:1 (138 men, 27 women). We followed treatment results including relief of abdominal pain, stone clearance and recurrence, and pancreatic exocrine function (bentiromide-p-aminobenzoic acid testing).

Results
Treatment relieved pain in 117 of 124 patients (94%). The overall stone clearance was achieved in 130 of 165 patients (79%). Stones recurred during follow-up in 50 of 130 patients (38%). One fifth of recurrences were early, often involving stricture of the main pancreatic duct. After 1 year, 65% of the patients had improved or stable exocrine function.

Conclusions
Nonsurgical stone removal usually improved symptoms and preserved pancreatic exocrine function. Nonsurgical treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy followed by endoscopic treatment if needed is useful as initial management for pancreatolithiasis.
Nursing Students' Cue Recognition in Educational Simulation
Authors: Poledna Mari , Gómez-Morales Abigail , Hagler Debra 
Published: April 2022

Background:
New nurses often struggle with recognizing cues and applying clinical judgment. Nurse educators develop educational simulation scenarios to support students in developing clinical judgment, which includes the foundational step of recognizing cues.

Purpose:
A scoping review on undergraduate nursing students' cue recognition during simulation was conducted to systematically map the existing research and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods:
From initial identification of 228 studies published between 2010 and 2020, a total of 17 quantitative or qualitative studies were independently appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review process and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.

Results:
Cues were missed with varying levels of frequency. Participants frequently failed to recognize respiratory rates and physical assessment changes as salient cues to patient deterioration. Verbal cues from simulated patients were often missed or resulted in distancing behaviors.

Conclusion:
Research is needed to determine the most effective methods for helping learners develop skills in cue recognition and analysis.
The Importance of Protecting the Structure and Viability of Adipose Tissue for Fat Grafting
Authors: He Yu , Zhang Xinyu , Han Xuefeng , Li Facheng 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Fat grafting is widely used for soft-tissue augmentation; however, the related clinical outcome remains variable and technique-dependent. The mechanisms underlying fat graft survival are not fully understood, particularly regarding the contributions of different cell types, such as functional adipocytes. This study evaluated the importance of adipose tissue structure and viability in fat grafting and, to some extent, revealed the effect of adipocytes in fat grafting.

Methods:
Human lipoaspirate was harvested using suction-assisted liposuction and processed using three separate methods: cotton-pad filtration, soft centrifugation (400 g for 1 minute), and Coleman centrifugation (1200 g for 3 minutes). Then all samples were subjected to second cotton-pad concentration. Adipose tissue structure and viability, the numbers of adipose-derived stem cells, and their proliferation and multilineage differentiation abilities were compared in vitro. The volume retention rate and fat graft quality were evaluated in vivo.

Results:
Cell structure destruction and viability decline were more evident in the Coleman centrifugation group compared to the cotton-pad filtration group and the soft centrifugation group. However, no intergroup differences were observed in the numbers, proliferation, or multilineage differentiation abilities of adipose-derived stem cells. After transplantation, the volume retention rates were similar in the three groups. However, greater structural and functional damage was associated with poorer graft quality, including decreased levels of graft viability, vessel density, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and increased levels of vacuoles, necrotic areas, fibrosis, and inflammation.

Conclusions:
Protecting adipose tissue structure and viability is crucial for improving fat grafting outcomes.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
The protection of the structure and viability of adipose tissue should be ensured throughout the whole process of fat grafting to reduce complications and improve graft quality.
Outcome Analysis of Medial Triceps Motor Nerve Transfer to Axillary Nerve in Isolated and Brachial Plexus–Associated Axillary Nerve Palsy
Authors: Krauss Emily M. , Noland Shelley S. , Hill Elspeth J. R. , Jain Nirbhay S. , Kahn Lorna C. , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Since 2007, the authors have performed the triceps–to–axillary nerve transfer using the medial triceps branch to reconstruct axillary nerve function in brachial plexus and isolated axillary nerve palsies.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was undertaken of patients reconstructed with this transfer, recording patient and injury demographics and time to surgery. Preoperative and postoperative function was graded using the Medical Research Council scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire.

Results:
Postoperatively, 31 patients (64.6 percent) reached Medical Research Council grade 3 or higher at final follow-up. The median Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 59.9 (interquartile range, 38.8 to 70.5) preoperatively and 25.0 (interquartile range, 11.3 to 61.4) at final follow-up. Sixteen patients (33 percent) had isolated axillary nerve injury; the median Medical Research Council grade was 4.25 (interquartile range, 3 to 4.25), with 14 patients (87.6 percent) achieving grade 3 or higher. Thirty-two patients (77 percent) had brachial plexus–associated injury; median Medical Research Council grade was 3 (interquartile range, 2 to 3), with 17 patients (53.1 percent) achieving grade 3 or higher.

Conclusion:
Medial triceps nerve branch is a strong donor for triceps–to–axillary nerve transfer; however, injury factors may limit the motor recovery in this complex patient population, particularly in axillary nerve palsy associated with brachial plexus injury.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The General Registry of Autologous Fat Transfer: Concept, Design, and Analysis of Fat Grafting Complications
Authors: Kaur Surinder , Rubin J. Peter , Gusenoff Jeffrey , Sommers Catherine A. , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Hume Keith M. , Mehrara Babak J. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons and The Plastic Surgery Foundation launched GRAFT, the General Registry of Autologous Fat Transfer, in October of 2015. This web-accessible registry addresses the need for prospective and systematic data collection, to determine the rates of unfavorable outcomes (complications) of fat grafting. Understanding and avoiding the factors that lead to complications can help establish safe practices for fat grafting.

Methods:
Data collected between October of 2015 and November of 2019 were summarized for age, sex, indications, processing techniques, and fat graft volume. Rates of complications for fat grafting to various anatomical areas were calculated.

Results:
The General Registry of Autologous Fat Transfer collected data on 7052 fat grafting procedures from 247 plastic surgery practices. The mean age of the patients in the registry was 51 years (range, 1 to 89 years), 94 percent were female, and 64 percent of the procedures were for aesthetic indications. Whereas the overall complication rate was low (5.01 percent), the complication rates for fat grafting to the breast and buttocks (7.29 percent and 4.19 percent, respectively) were higher than those for face and other areas (1.94 percent and 2.86 percent, respectively). Oil cysts (2.68 percent) and infections (1.64 percent) were the most common complications of breast fat grafting, whereas seroma (1.84 percent) and palpable mass (1.33 percent) were most common for fat grafting to buttocks. Palpable mass (0.54 percent) and infections (0.54 percent) were most common for fat grafting to face.

Conclusions:
The General Registry of Autologous Fat Transfer provides a valuable tool for prospective tracking of fat grafting techniques and complications. Data collected in the registry show low rates of complications for all recipient areas treated with fat grafting.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
GRAFT collects real world data on complications of autologous fat grafting procedures. The data collected over 4 years shows low rates of complications for fat grafting. The benchmarking tools available in GRAFT can help enhance techniques and safety of fat grafting.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Correlating Quantitative Para-Aortic Lymph Node Computed Tomography Parameters With Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Cervical Cancer Staging: Possible Solution for Resource Constrained Countries
Authors: D’Cunha Paul , Albuquerque Kevin , Xi Yin , Pinho Daniella F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the most accurate quantitative morphological parameters on computed tomography (CT) that correlate with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid para-aortic nodes (PANs) in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective evaluation was performed of women with cervical cancer who underwent pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and radiotherapy therapy planning CT between 2009 and 2020. A node-by-node correlation between pretreatment CT and PET/CT was performed for the reference standard of FDG avidity for short- and long-axis diameters, volume, and long-/short-axis ratio (L/S). The FDG-avid PANs were defined as PET-positive and non–FDG-avid PANs from patients without PET-determined PAN metastasis were defined as PET negative. Area under the receiver operator curve was calculated to access diagnostic accuracy of the different quantitative parameters.

Results
A total of 94 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 52 ± 13 years) with cervical cancer were included. Forty-seven patients had PET-positive PANs (181 PET-positive PANs) and 47 patients had no PET-positive PANs (141 PET-negative PANs). The area under the receiver operator curve for volume (0.945) was greater (P < 0.001) than that of short axis (0.895), long axis (0.885), and L/S (0.583). At a specificity set point of 0.90 (127/141 PANs), the cutoff for volume was 0.443 cm3 or greater (0.85 sensitivity [154/181 PANs]; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.93) and for short-axis diameter was 5.9 mm or greater (0.75 sensitivity [135/181 PANs]; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.81).

Conclusions
Para-aortic lymph node volume demonstrated that improved node-by-node correlation between CT and PET/CT compared with short-axis diameter, long-axis diameter, and L/S and is an alternative to improve detection of PAN suspicious of metastatic diseases in locations without access to PET/CT.
Preoperative Patient and Lesion Features Are Valuable for Predicting the Prognosis of Resectable Peripheral Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Qi Li-Ping , Li Xiao-Ting , Ma Ze-Ming , Yang Yue , Chen Jin-Feng , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the preoperative factors affecting the survival of patients with resectable peripheral non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to improve the management of NSCLC.

Methods
One hundred ninety-nine patients with peripheral NSCLC diagnosed clinically without lymph node metastasis were enrolled. The preoperative computed tomography characteristics of the tumors were retrospectively analyzed and the preoperative clinical data were collected. The size of the solid components for lung adenocarcinomas containing ground-glass opacity (GGO) component were measured. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used to compare overall survival (OS) between groups. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Survival analysis showed that the OS of the group with a tumor of 3 cm or less was longer than that of the group with a tumor greater than 3 cm, the OS of the group with GGO component was superior to that of the group without GGO component, and the OS of the group with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels was inferior to that of the group with normal CEA levels. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size, density, and preoperative CEA level were independent factors affecting OS, with hazard ratios of 2.401, 0.457, and 1.948, respectively. The analysis of lung adenocarcinomas with GGO component demonstrated that the mean size of the solid component in the nonsurviving group was significantly larger than that in the surviving group (mean, 23 ± 6.4 vs 8.6 ± 7.0 mm). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the solid component size of lung cancer containing GGO component to predict postoperative death was 0.932.

Conclusions
Tumor size, density, and preoperative CEA level were independent prognostic factors of patients with resectable peripheral NSCLCs. Preoperative computed tomography findings can be valuable for predicting the prognosis of patients with NSCLC after surgery.
Kinetic model for international trade allowing transfer of individuals
Authors: Bisi M. 
Published: April 2022

We propose a kinetic model to describe trade among different populations, living in different countries. The interaction rules are assumed depending on the trading propensity of each population and also on non-deterministic (random) effects. Moreover, the possible transfers of individuals from one country to another are also taken into account, by means of suitable Boltzmann-type operators. Consistent macroscopic equations for number density and mean wealth of each country are derived from the kinetic equations, and the effects of transfers on their equilibrium values are commented on. Finally, a suitable continuous trading limit is considered, leading to a simpler system of Fokker–Planck-type kinetic equations, with specific contributions accounting for transfers.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
Income inequality and mobility in geometric Brownian motion with stochastic resetting: theoretical results and empirical evidence of non-ergodicity
Authors: Stojkoski Viktor , Jolakoski Petar , Pal Arnab , Sandev Trifce , Kocarev Ljupco , Metzler Ralf 
Published: April 2022

We explore the role of non-ergodicity in the relationship between income inequality, the extent of concentration in the income distribution, and income mobility, the feasibility of an individual to change their position in the income rankings. For this purpose, we use the properties of an established model for income growth that includes ‘resetting’ as a stabilizing force to ensure stationary dynamics. We find that the dynamics of inequality is regime-dependent: it may range from a strictly non-ergodic state where this phenomenon has an increasing trend, up to a stable regime where inequality is steady and the system efficiently mimics ergodicity. Mobility measures, conversely, are always stable over time, but suggest that economies become less mobile in non-ergodic regimes. By fitting the model to empirical data for the income share of the top earners in the USA, we provide evidence that the income dynamics in this country is consistently in a regime in which non-ergodicity characterizes inequality and immobility. Our results can serve as a simple rationale for the observed real-world income dynamics and as such aid in addressing non-ergodicity in various empirical settings across the globe.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
Pandemics of mutating virus and society: a multi-scale active particles approach
Authors: Bellomo N. , Burini D. , Outada N. 
Published: April 2022

This article presents, within a multiscale framework, a search for a unified approach towards modelling the COVID-19 pandemic, from contagion to within-host dynamics. The modelling is focused on vaccination and therapeutical actions in general. The first part of our article is devoted to understanding the complex features of the system and to the design of a modelling rationale. Then, the modelling approach follows mainly focused on the competition between the proliferating virus and the immune system. Modelling considers also the action of vaccination plans related to the onset of new variants.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
Study of taxes, regulations and inequality using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Neñer Julian , Cardoso Ben-Hur Francisco , Laguna María Fabiana , Gonçalves Sebastián , Iglesias José Roberto 
Published: April 2022

Genetic machine learning (ML) algorithms to train agents in the Yard–Sale model proved very useful for finding optimal strategies that maximize their wealth. However, the main result indicates that the more significant the fraction of rational agents, the greater the inequality at the collective level. From social and economic viewpoints, this is an undesirable result since high inequality diminishes liquidity and trade. Besides, with very few exceptions, most agents end up with zero wealth, despite the inclusion of rational behaviour. To deal with this situation, here we include a taxation–redistribution mechanism in the ML algorithm. Previous results show that simple regulations can considerably reduce inequality if agents do not change their behaviour. However, when considering rational agents, different types of redistribution favour risk-averse agents, to some extent. Even so, we find that rational agents looking for optimal wealth can always arrive to an optimal risk, compatible with a particular choice of parameters, but increasing inequality.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
An economically realistic asset exchange model
Authors: Boghosian Bruce M. , Hudes Matthew , Khachatryan Gor A. , Marcq Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

Despite their highly idealized nature, certain agent-based models of asset exchange, proposed for the most part by physicists and mathematicians, have been shown to exhibit remarkable agreement with empirical wealth distribution data. While this agre- ement is comforting, there is widespread sentiment that further progress will require a detailed under- standing of the connection between these idealized models and the more realistic microeconomic models of exchange used by economists. In this paper, we examine that connection for a three-parameter asset exchange model, the Affine Wealth Model (AWM), that has demonstrated fraction-of-a-per cent agreement with empirical wealth data. We compare certain properties of this model with those of three great milestones of twentieth century economics, namely (i) Expected Utility Theory, (ii) General Equilibrium Theory and (iii) Prospect Theory. We find that the phenomenology exhibited by the AWM is fundamentally incompatible with Expected Utility Theory and General Equilibrium Theory, but very similar to that exhibited by Prospect Theory. Based on these observations, we argue that AWM transactions are, in a particular sense, an approximation to those described by Prospect Theory, and that Prospect Theory provides the sought-for connection between econophysics and microeconomics, at least for the topic of wealth distribution.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies
Authors: Toscani Giuseppe , Sen Parongama , Biswas Soumyajyoti 
Published: April 2022

The statistical nature of collective human behaviour in a society is a topic of broad current interest. From formation of consensus through exchange of ideas, distributing wealth through exchanges of money, traffic flows, growth of cities to spread of infectious diseases, the application range of such collective responses cuts across multiple disciplines. Kinetic models have been an elegant and powerful tool to explain such collective phenomena in a myriad of human interaction-based problems, where an energy consideration for dynamics is generally inaccessible. Nonetheless, in this age of Big Data, seeking empirical regularities emerging out of collective responses is a prominent and essential approach, much like the empirical thermodynamic principles preceding quantitative foundations of statistical mechanics. In this introductory article of the theme issue, we will provide an overview of the field of applications of kinetic theories in different socio-economic contexts and its recent boosting topics. Moreover, we will put the contributions to the theme issue in an appropriate perspective.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.