bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach for the detection of cognitive impairment and delirium risk in older patients undergoing spine surgery
Authors: Barreto Chang Odmara L. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Arias Aimee D. , Tsoy Elena , Allen Isabel E. , Hellman Judith , Bickler Philip E. , Miller Bruce , Possin Katherine L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is a common postsurgical complication in older patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether a digital cognitive assessment and patient characteristics could identify those at‐risk.MethodsPatients 65 years and older undergoing spine surgeries ≥3 h were evaluated as part of a single‐center prospective observational cohort study at an academic medical center, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Of 220 eligible patients, 161 were enrolled and 152 completed the study. The primary outcome of postoperative delirium was measured by the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit or the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, administered by trained nursing staff independent from the study protocol. Baseline cognitive impairment was identified using the tablet‐based TabCAT Brain Health Assessment.ResultsOf the 152 patients included in this study, 46% were women. The mean [SD] age was 72 [5.4] years. Baseline cognitive impairment was identified in 38% of participants, and 26% had postoperative delirium. In multivariable analysis, impaired Brain Health Assessment Cognitive Score (OR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.05–5.67; p = 0.037), depression (OR 4.54; 95% CI, 1.73–11.89; p = 0.002), and higher surgical complexity Tier 4 (OR 5.88; 95% CI, 1.55–22.26; p = 0.009) were associated with postoperative delirium. The multivariate model was 72% accurate for predicting postoperative delirium, compared to 45% for the electronic medical record‐based risk stratification model currently in use.ConclusionIn this prospective cohort study of spine surgery patients, age, cognitive impairment, depression, and surgical complexity identified patients at high risk for postoperative delirium. Integration of scalable digital assessments into preoperative workflows could identify high‐risk patients, automate decision support for timely interventions that can improve patient outcomes and lower hospital costs, and provide a baseline cognitive assessment to monitor for postoperative cognitive change.
Literary representations of borders and partitions in provincial memory cultures (Northern Ireland and Upper Silesia)
Authors: Drong Leszek 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNorthern Ireland and Upper Silesia exhibit numerous analogies when it comes to their local communities' experience of borders, divisions and partitions. The experience is reflected in recent partition narratives which prove that geopolitical and administrative interventions in space and territory are likely to create and define more than just lines on the maps and new jurisdictions. Borders and partitions are felt and endured, often imprinted on provincial memories, both individual and communal. Border crossings, borders in the mind and actual experiences connected with being partitioned and living in a borderland have determined, for the last 100 years, the parameters of what I call provincial memory in Northern Ireland and Upper Silesia, making them markedly different from national memory cultures in Ireland/Britain and Poland, respectively. The transcultural memory of partitions and borders, preserved in contemporary literary accounts of the past, informs the main thrust of the narratives of belonging in both regions. By exploring related examples of partition narratives and attitudes of regional writers to borderlands and partitions, this essay argues for a recognition, in the respective contexts of Northern Ireland and Upper Silesia, of significant differences between the discursive performances of provincial memory cultures and national ones.
Different Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain and Risk Factors in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis at Stages of Outpatient, Awaiting and after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Li Li , Zeng Zhaohui , Zhang Hanle , Xu Linghui , Lin Yuanyuan , Zhang Yu , Deng Ming , Fan Pei 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveNeuropathic pain (NP) plays an important role in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the prevalence of NP at different treatment stages including outpatient, awaiting and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not been compared. The understanding of this issue and identify risk factors can help physicians develop individualized strategies to manage the pain of KOA. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of NP at different treatment stages of KOA.MethodsPatients diagnosed as KOA between August 2016 and August 2020 were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study and divided into three groups according to treatment stage, including outpatient stage, awaiting TKA stage (pre‐TKA) and after TKA stage (post‐TKA). A numeric rating scale (NRS) and PainDETECT questionnaire were used to evaluate nociceptive pain and NP. Patient demographics, radiological assessments using Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) grade, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were analyzed. Data analysis and statistics were processed using SPSS 20.0 and examined by ANOVA with/without Bonferroni correction or Kruskal–Wallis test. A chi‐square test was used to determine cross‐table data and calculate the odds ratio (OR) value.ResultsOf the 921 patients, the prevalence of possible and likely NP was 17.5% (56/320) and 2.5% (8/320) in the pre‐TKA group compared with 3.4% (8/233) and 0.4% (1/233) in the outpatient group and 1.4% (5/368) and 0.5% (2/368) in the post‐TKA group, respectively. In the pre‐TKA group, higher NRS (NRS >3; OR = 10.65, 95% CI: 3.25–34.92, P < 0.001) and WOMAC pain score (score > 10; OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.38–10.01, P < 0.001) conferred an increased risk of unclear pain. Age, gender, BMI and K‐L grade showed no significant differences among the unlikely, possible and likely NP groups.ConclusionPrevalence of NP is different at stages of out‐patient, awaiting and after TKA in patients with KOA. Patients awaiting TKA have the highest prevalence of NP compared with patients in outpatient and post‐TKA groups. In the patients waiting for TKA, higher NRS (NRS >3) and WOMAC pain scores (score > 10) are risk factors of NP.
Is the Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) a robust neural correlate for Visual Working Memory (VWM) tasks? A reproducibility study
Authors: Roy Yannick , Faubert Jocelyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVisual working memory (VWM) allows us to actively store, update, and manipulate visual information surrounding us. While the underlying neural mechanisms of VWM remain unclear, contralateral delay activity (CDA), a sustained negativity over the hemisphere contralateral to the positions of visual items to be remembered, is often used to study VWM. To investigate if the CDA is a robust neural correlate for VWM tasks, we reproduced eight CDA‐related studies with a publicly accessible EEG data set. We used the raw EEG data from these eight studies and analyzed all of them with the same basic pipeline to extract CDA. We were able to reproduce the results from all the studies and show that with a basic automated EEG pipeline we can extract a clear CDA signal. We share insights from the trends observed across the studies and raise some questions about the CDA decay and the CDA during the recall phase, which surprisingly, none of the eight studies did address. Finally, we also provide reproducibility recommendations based on our experience and challenges in reproducing these studies.
Investigating non‐immune haemolytic transfusion reactions in surgical patients
Authors: Chand Sreethu , R Amita , Gupta Debasish 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to identify the cause for Acute Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR) in five patients who received red cell transfusions.BackgroundThe occurrence of red coloured urine following blood transfusion carries the possibility of an immune or non‐immune mediated haemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). Non‐immune haemolysis can be due to thermal, osmotic, or mechanical injury to red blood cells. The authors report five cases of non‐immune HTR that occurred in surgical patients in the peri‐operative period.MethodsAHTR was reported to the Transfusion Medicine Department, in five patients who underwent surgery and received a blood transfusion in the peri‐operative period. Transfusion reaction workup and RCA were performed to identify the cause for AHTR.ResultsThe initial presentation was red coloured urine and suspicion of an immune HTR. Immunohaematology workup ruled out an immune mediated haemolysis and further analysis revealed the possibility of mechanical red cell destruction in all these cases.ConclusionMultiple factors can result in non‐immune destruction of red cells. Possibility of non‐immune haemolysis should be considered while evaluating haemolytic transfusion reactions.
Prospective evaluation of novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury in dogs following cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Starybrat Daria , Jepson Rosanne , Bristow Poppy , Peterson Sarah , Yerramilli Maha , Yerramilli Murthy , Chang Yu‐Mei , Cortellini Stefano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and explore associations between traditional and novel serum and urinary biomarkers.DesignProspective cohort study conducted between July 2018 and April 2019.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsNineteen dogs undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB with preoperative serum creatinine <140 μmol/L (<1.6 mg/dl).InterventionsBlood and urine samples were obtained at 4 time points: preoperatively following general anesthesia induction, immediately postoperatively, and 2 and 4 days postoperatively (T1, T2, T3, and T4). AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥26.4 μmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dl) above baseline within 48 hours. Serum creatinine, C‐reactive protein (CRP), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), inosine, beta‐aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB), urinary clusterin (uClus), and urinary cystatin B (uCysB) were measured. Data were log‐transformed (log10) when appropriate and assessed using linear mixed‐effects models.Measurements and Main ResultsAKI occurred in 3 of 19 dogs (15.8%, 95% confidence interval: 0.047–0.384). Inosine increased at T2 (adjusted mean ± standard error: 53 ± 5.6) in all dogs, and then gradually decreased. Log10uCysB increased at T2 (2.3 ± 0.1) in all dogs and remained high. Log10CRP and log10uClus increased significantly at T3 (1.9 ± 0.1 and 3.6 ± 0.1, respectively) in all dogs and remained increased. There was a significant positive association between serum creatinine and SDMA (P < 0.001, estimate ± standard error: 0.06 ± 0.00), between log10CRP and log10uClus (P < 0.001, 0.35 ± 0.08), between SDMA and creatinine as well as between SDMA and BAIB (P < 0.001, 11.1 ± 0.83 and P < 0.001, 1.06 ± 0.22, respectively) for all dogs at all time points.ConclusionsInosine and uCysB concentrations changed in all dogs immediately following a surgery under CPB and may indicate tubular injury. Further studies are required to ascertain the usefulness of those biomarkers in early detection of AKI.
Acute kidney injury from presumptive intramural ureteral hemorrhage secondary to diphacinone rodenticide exposure in a dog
Authors: Oliver Nadene , Rizzo Kaila , Press Saya , Istvan Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical features and outcome of a dog with anticoagulant rodenticide (diphacinone) exposure, which was subsequently diagnosed with a coagulopathy characterized by hemoperitoneum, and presumptive ureteral wall hemorrhage contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI).Case SummaryA 4‐year‐old, female neutered Australian Cattle Dog was evaluated for an acute onset of lethargy, decreased appetite, and a mild right thoracic limb lameness. Radiographs and point of care ultrasound demonstrated retroperitoneal and peritoneal effusion. Diagnostic abdominocentesis confirmed hemorrhagic effusion. Complete blood count, biochemistry, and coagulation profile showed a regenerative anemia (PCV 32%), thrombocytopenia (platelets 96 × 109/L [96 × 103/µl]), azotemia (BUN 38.9 mmol/L [109 mg/dl], creatinine 512.8 µmol/L [5.8 mg/dl]), and coagulopathy (prothrombin time >100 s, activated partial thromboplastin time >42.3 s). The client reported access to anticoagulant rodenticide up to 72 hours prior to presentation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed bilateral pyelectasia and hydroureter with thickened distal ureteral walls at the level of the ureteral–vesicular junctions. The ultrasonographic conclusion was presumptive intramural ureteral hemorrhage resulting in ureteral obstruction. The patient was diagnosed with AKI with likely prerenal, renal, and postrenal components. Treatment included vitamin K and frozen plasma transfusion. The patient recovered fully and was discharged 3 days after presentation. Two days after discharge, the patient had improvement in azotemia (BUN 10.7 mmol/L [30 mg/dl], creatinine 176.6 µmol/L [2.0 mg/dl]). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry confirmed presence of diphacinone in the blood. Repeat ultrasound and biochemistry 60 and 210 days, respectively, after discharge showed resolution of ureteral wall thickening, hydroureter, pyelectasia, and recovery of kidney parameters.New or Unique InformationAlthough nephropathies secondary to anticoagulant therapy have been described in people, the authors believe this is the first report of diphacinone anticoagulant rodenticide exposure contributing to an AKI secondary to obstruction from ureteral wall hemorrhage in the veterinary literature.
ADEQUATE TREATMENT OF CONFLICTS ONLINE: REALISING THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Rosa de Almeida Karen , Vetis Zaganelli Margareth 
Published: September 2022

The article addresses the treatment of conflicts by appropriate methods, especially in health matters, considering the challenges arising from the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and the necessary adaptations for maintaining essential services. The objective of the work is to analyze ways of achieving the right to health during the period of social isolation. To fulfill this purpose, a comparative study of the experiences of Portugal, Argentina and Brazil was carried out, given that the selected countries quickly edited normative instruments that allow or reinforce the authorization of the use of virtual spaces in dissension pacification in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation starts from the hypothesis that the appropriate methods of dispute composition are adaptable to the context of the pandemic – especially when taking advantage of the forms of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). In addition to the comparative study undertaken, it took advantage of dogmatic analysis and bibliographic and documentary research, with a survey of national and international normative texts on the right to health and its forms of materialization. Finally, the work discussed whether the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is relevant to continue conflict management. The text concluded by characterizing ODRs as manifest expressions of access to justice in times of COVID-19.
Acesso à Justiça, Grupos Vulneráveis e Exclusão Digital: uma Análise Crítica do Atendimento da Defensoria Pública do Estado de Goiás Durante a Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Bonat Debora , Assis Gustavo , Gomes da Silva Rocha Mariane Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho realizou um exame sobre o atendimento da Defensoria Pública durante o primeiro ano de pandemia da Covid-19, com o intuito de esboçar um panorama das ações adotadas para manter o acesso à justiça diante das medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social, vez que a exclusão digital se mostra latente no País. Como recorte do trabalho, optou-se por examinar o atendimento da Defensoria Pública do Estado de Goiás, em virtude de Goiás ter sido o último Estado do País a instituir e estruturar a instituição. Para o desenvolvimento do artigo, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, normativa e exploratória nos dados governamentais disponíveis nas fontes de informação de acesso aberto. Observou-se que a suspensão de atendimento presencial pela Defensoria Pública impactou no acesso à Justiça, pois o atendimento virtual ainda não se apresenta como eficaz para a parcela mais vulnerabilizada da sociedade que se encontra excluída digitalmente.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Acesso à justiça; exclusão digital; Defensoria Pública; pandemia
Designing Just Solutions at Scale: Lawyerless Legal Services and Evidence-Based Regulation
Authors: Burnett Matthew , L. Sandefur Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Around the world, billions of people lack access to justice, often because they cannot access help in resolving their justice issues. An important reason for this is that many access models rely centrally on lawyers, and such models simply cannot scale. Some jurisdictions allow lawyerless legal services. We offer a new framework for understanding lawyerless legal services that breaks away from lawyer-centric logic. Inspired by experiments in reregulating the practice of law in the United States, we propose a paradigm shift: just solutions. A just solutions framework has two distinct characteristics: it is evidence-based and it is outcome-focused. We draw on experience from other lawyerless models to imagine what a just solutions framework could look like in practice, including a growing body of evidence on legal needs and effective services, as well as scalable funding innovations. Freed from the lawyer-centric paradigm, a just solutions framework is closer to people’s actual needs and, unlike the lawyer-centric model, has the potential to scale to meet them.
KEYWORDS: Legal services; access to justice; unbundling; regulatory reform; evidence-based policy and practice.
A Review of Motor Skill Development in State-Level Early Learning Standards for Preschoolers in the United States
Authors: Lindsay Anne R. , Coughenour Courtney , Case Layne , Bevell Jacob , Fryer Victoria , Brian Ali 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine state-level early learning standards specific to physical development, including fundamental motor skills and gross motor development for preschool-aged children in the United States. All standards related to motor development and specific to children ages 3–5 years were extracted from publicly available online documents from all 50 states. Upon initial review, 961 standards were extracted from all documents. Through aggregation of similar skills and elimination of duplicates across states, 48 unique skills were identified. Frequencies and proportions of states that included each skill in their standards were calculated. Descriptive results indicate that none of the 48 skills were included as a standard across all 50 states. Only three skills, running, jumping, and throwing a ball overhand were a standard in over 75% of states. Most of the skills were standards in less than 50% of states. Trends from these data show that a wide range of motor skills are included within preschool physical development standards within the United States, with large variability among states. Considering this variability, and currently low levels of motor competence among young children, additional evaluation, and future creation of best practice preschool physical development standards are warranted.
Combined Action of Melatonin and Water Deficiency on Growth and MDA Content of Hypocotyls and Roots of Lupine and Respiration of Mitochondria Isolated from These Organs
Authors: Generozova I. P. , Vasilyev S. V. , Butsanets P. A. , Shugaev A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Melatonin is known to improve the tolerance of plants to adverse abiotic factors (AAF), including dehydration. Nevertheless, details of the action of this phytohormone are not sufficiently comprehended. In the current study, the effects of melatonin on the growth, water status, and content of malonic dialdehyde were evaluated in etiolated seedlings of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) subjected to dehydration. The respiration of mitochondria isolated from different organs of these plants was also analyzed. Here, the 4-day-old seedlings have been deprived of water for 1 day. This entailed the increased water deficit up to 22% in the roots and 6% in the hypocotyls. Such desiccation of the seedlings retarded the growth of their hypocotyls but increased that of the roots by 13% in comparison with the undesiccated control. Both root and hypocotyl tissues accumulated MDA under these conditions. The dehydration of the seedlings negatively affected the respiration of the mitochondria isolated from these organs. The rate of oxidation of the substrates, especially malate, was diminished at the metabolic State 3 mainly due to an inhibition of the cytochrome respiration pathway (CP). For example, upon oxidation of malate, the activity of CP decreased 1.8 times in the mitochondria from hypocotyls and four to five times in those from roots. Pretreatment of the seedlings with 0.1 µM melatonin prevented the dehydration-induced rise in the MDA level in the hypocotyls but, by contrast, stimulated this parameter by 27% in the roots. Under drought conditions combined with exogenous melatonin, the growth of hypocotyls was close to that in the undesiccated control, while the root growth was lower than that in the control. In the seedlings normally supplied with water, treatment with melatonin did not significantly influence the respiration of the mitochondria prepared from the hypocotyls or roots. However, under water shortage, melatonin completely blocked the inhibition of a substrate oxidation in the hypocotyl mitochondria, chiefly because of sustaining the CP activity. As a result, exogenous melatonin increased the rate of malate oxidation by 87% and succinate oxidation by 26% in metabolic state 3 in the mitochondria from the hypocotyls. Application of this hormone to the plants only partially reversed the dehydration-induced inhibition of the oxidative phosphorilation in the root mitochondria. In this case, the oxidation of respiratory substrates, especially succinate, and activity of CP were still inhibited. Possible causes of the differences between the hypocotyl and root cells of the lupine seedling in their responses to melatonin and water deficit, namely, an extent of oxidative stress and functions of mitochondria, are discussed.