bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice Slurry Ingestion Lowers Thermoregulatory Strain in Wheelchair Tennis Players During Repeated Sprint Intervals in the Heat
Authors: Stephenson Ben T. , O’Brien Thomas J. , Hutchinson Michael J. , D’Angeli Christina , Cockram Alex , Mason Barry S. , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To examine the efficacy of per-cooling via ice slurry ingestion (ICE) in wheelchair tennis players exercising in the heat. Method: Eight wheelchair tennis players undertook sprints (4 sets of 10 × 5 s over 40 min) in a hot environment (∼32 °C), interspersed by 3 boluses of 2.67 g·kg (6.8 g·kg total) ICE or drinking temperate water (control condition). Athletes performed an on-court test of repeated sprint ability (20 × 20 m) in temperate conditions immediately before and 20 minutes after the heat exposure, and time to complete each sprint as well as intermediate times were recorded. Gastrointestinal and weighted mean skin and forehead temperatures were collected throughout the heat exposure, as were thermal sensation, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid/ice intakes. Results: Compared with the control condition, ICE resulted in a significantly lower gastrointestinal temperature (95% CI, 0.11–0.17 °C; P < .001), forehead temperature (0.58–1.06 °C; P < .001), thermal sensation (0.07–0.50 units; P = .017), and sweat rate (0.06–0.46 L·h−1; P = .017). Skin temperature, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were not significantly different between conditions (P ≥ .598). There was no overall change preheating to postheating (P ≥ .114) or an effect of condition (P ≥ .251) on repeated sprint times. Conclusions: ICE is effective at lowering objective and subjective thermal strain when consumed between sets of repeated wheelchair sprints in the heat. However, ICE has no effect on on-court repeated 20-m sprint performance.
Does Altitude of Birth Influence the Performance of National- to Elite-Level Colombian Cyclists?
Authors: Garzon Mauricio , Leguizamo Jenaro , Saldarriaga Fernando , Galeano Edgar , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine whether the altitude of birth/childhood influences the values in peak power output (PPO) and estimated maximum oxygen uptake (estVO2max) in male Colombian road cyclists of different performance levels. This study also aimed to determine whether cyclists born at high altitudes tend to be more successful. Methods: Eighty riders aged between 17 and 22 years of 3 performance levels (U23 world-class level, WC, n = 8; U23 national level, N23, n = 41; junior national level, J, n = 31) and 3 altitude levels (<800 m, low; 800–2000 m, moderate; >2000 m, high) performed an ergocycle maximal incremental test to exhaustion at an altitude of 2570 m. Results: Altogether, while cyclists born at an altitude >2000 m represented ∼50% of the analyzed sample, there was a significantly higher proportion (84%) of these cyclists who had participated as professionals in a Grand Tour (χ2[1, N = 80] = 4.58, P < .05). Riders of the low group had lower values of PPO and estVO2max than cyclists of moderate and high altitudes, while no differences were noted between moderate- and high-altitude groups. In N23, PPO and estVO2max were lower in the low- than in the moderate-altitude group, while in the J cyclists, PPO and estVO2max were lower in the low-altitude compared with both moderate- and high-altitude groups. Discussion: Among the cyclists tested at altitude in junior and U23, there is an overrepresentation of individuals who reached an elite level and were born at a high altitude (>2000 m). As no clear differences were observed between moderate- and high-altitude cyclists, the higher prevalence of elite cyclists in the latter group may originate from various—still unclear—mechanisms.
Qualitative Analysis of a Kinesiology Student-Led Sustainable Exercise Program Targeting Underserved Communities
Authors: Chaudhari Lisa S. , Lang-Balde Rachel , Carlos Joshua , Loy Steven 
Published: November 2022

Background: The 3 WINS Fitness is a free exercise program delivered by kinesiology students to underserved communities without external funding since 2011. The program’s wins focus on reducing health inequities, increasing community health, and student professional development. The objective of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the program’s value for the participant, community, and student-instructors. Methods: We conducted 9 online focus groups (n = 51), categorized by participant role and timeline in 3 WINS: participants (4 groups), student-instructors (3 groups), and combined participants and student-instructors (2 groups). Data collection for this remote qualitative study of the 3 WINS program occurred May to June 2021. The data were analyzed to determine codes and emerging themes. Results: Three main themes are presented: asset, health, and social connection. The asset theme was subdivided into subthemes: (1) professional asset for the student-instructor, (2) program asset for the student-instructor, (3) program asset to the community, and (4) program asset for the participant. The health theme was subdivided into (1) community and (2) personal health subthemes. The social connection theme was defined in any combination, as camaraderie, friendship, connections, community, and family. Conclusion: The program improves the individual participant’s health and through role modeling for their family and friends, encourages others to follow their example thus providing a positive influence on overall community health. Concomitantly, student-instructors are developing into well-trained professionals. The 3 WINS as a student-led sustainable and replicable model can address the existing call from public health to reduce physical activity health-related diseases and inequities.
Associations Between Parent’s Perceived Neighborhood Environment and Objectively Measured Walkability With Their Children’s Physical Activity
Authors: Hunter Stephen , Spence John C. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Carson Valerie 
Published: November 2022

Background: Neighborhoods are one setting to promote children’s physical activity. This study examined associations between neighborhood features and children’s physical activity and whether season or socioeconomic status modified these associations. Methods: Parents (n = 641) of children aged 6–10 years completed the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale—Abbreviated. Walkability was objectively measured at 400, 800, and 1200 m around the centroid of participants’ postal codes. Children’s physical activity was measured via StepsCount pedometers and parental report. Regression analyses were performed with interaction terms for season and socioeconomic status. Multiple imputation was used primarily to triangulate the results for children with missing steps data (n = 192). Results: Higher perceived residential density and traffic hazards were significantly associated with lower squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity and steps per day, respectively. Higher perceived aesthetics was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. Socioeconomic status modified 2 associations though they were not significant upon stratification. During winter months, better perceived infrastructure and safety for walking was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. No other significant associations emerged. Conclusion: Residential density, traffic hazards, and aesthetics are important for children’s physical activity. Few associations were modified by socioeconomic status or season. The need for objective and subjective measures of the neighborhood environment and children’s physical activity is apparent.
Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors From Early to Late Pregnancy in Individuals With Prepregnancy Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Badon Sylvia E. , Ferrara Assiamira , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Avalos Lyndsay A. , Hedderson Monique M. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Understanding how sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), and physical activity (PA) (24-h movement profile) changes across pregnancy in individuals with prepregnancy overweight or obesity and how parity (previous births) impacts these changes can help inform interventions. Methods: In 155 participants, movement was measured using wrist-worn accelerometers, and sleep was self-reported in early (8–15 wk) and late (29–38 wk) pregnancy. The 24-hour movement profiles were analyzed using compositional analyses. Results: Nulliparous participants (no previous births) spent 33.95%, 38.14%, 25.32%, and 2.58% of the 24-hour day in early pregnancy in sleep, SED, light-intensity PA, and moderate/vigorous-intensity PA, respectively. Multiparous participants (≥1 previous birth) spent 2.50 percentage points less in SED (mean log-ratio difference = −0.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.129 to −0.009) and 2.73 percentage points more in light-intensity PA (mean log-ratio difference = 0.102; 95% CI, 0.035 to 0.180). From early to late pregnancy, participants decreased the proportion of the 24-hour day spent asleep by 1.67 percentage points (mean log-ratio difference = −0.050; 95% CI, −0.092 to −0.011) and increased light-intensity PA by 1.56 percentage points (mean log-ratio difference = 0.057; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.108), with no change in other behaviors. Conclusions: Nulliparous and multiparous individuals with prepregnancy overweight or obesity both had high levels of SED, with no change across pregnancy, and may require interventions to reduce SED.
Processing and Interpretation of Analytical Data with a High Degree of Uncertainty
Authors: Zenkevich I. G. , Nikitina D. A. , Kushakova A. S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Some analytical problems, which are often considered incorrect for objective reasons, are considered. The main of these reasons is an anomalously large scatter of the initial data. It can be due to either the low reproducibility of the characteristics of substances, their quantities, analytical signal intensities, process conditions, etc., or variability due to differences in the nature of the objects themselves. In the latter case, the nature of data interpretation is influenced by analytical hypotheses adopted for their consideration. The tasks considered include variations in the component composition of developers for black-and-white negative photographic materials, comparison of temperature parameters of the gas-chromatographic separation of various organic compounds, toxicity characterization (LD50) of homologues using C3–C12 1-alkanols as an example, and the possibility of predicting sample preparation operations in the determination of drugs in blood plasma based on their physicochemical characteristics. The main features of data interpretation characterized by a high degree of uncertainty are revealed. It is noted that important conclusions can be drawn based on the facts of low reproducibility (one-dimensional arrays) or poor correlation of variables (two-dimensional arrays).
Testing Born–Infeld f(T) teleparallel gravity through Sgr $$\hbox {A}^\star $$ observations
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Capozziello Salvatore , Bahamonde Sebastian , Jamil Mubasher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe use observational data from the S2 star orbiting around the Galactic Center to constrain a black hole solution of extended teleparallel gravity models. Subsequently, we construct the shadow images of Sgr $$\hbox {A}^{\star }$$

A
⋆

black hole. In particular, we constrain the parameter $$\alpha =1/\lambda $$

α
=
1
/
λ

which appears in the Born–Infeld f(T) model. In the strong gravity regime we find that the shadow radius increases with the increase of the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. Specifically, from the S2 star observations, we find within $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

that the parameter must lie between $$0 \le \alpha /M^2 \le 6 \times 10^{-4}$$

0
≤
α
/

M
2

≤
6
×

10

-
4

. Consequently, we used the best fit parameters to model the shadow images of Sgr $$\hbox {A}^{\star }$$

A
⋆

black hole and then using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem we analysed the deflection angle for leading order expansions of the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. It is found that within the parameter range, these observables are very close to the Schwarzschild case. Furthermore, using the best fit parameters for the Born–Infeld f(T) model we show that the angular diameter is consistent with recent observations for the Sgr $$\hbox {A}^{\star }$$

A
⋆

with angular diameter $$(51.8 \pm 2.3) \mu $$

(
51.8
±
2.3
)
μ

arcsec and difficult to be distinguished from the GR. For the deflection angle of light, in leading order terms, we find that the deflection angle expressed in the ADM mass coincides with the GR, but the ADM mass in the Born–Infeld f(T) gravity increases with the increase of $$\alpha $$
α
and the overall deflection angle is expected to me greater in f(T) gravity. As a consequence of this fact, we have shown that the electromagnetic intensity observed in shadow images is smaller compared to GR.
Searching for $$ X_{0}(2900) $$ and $$ X_{1}(2900) $$ through the kaon induced reactions
Authors: Lin Qing-Yong , Wang Xiao-Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin an effective Lagrangian approach, a theoretical study of the $$K^{+}p \rightarrow \Sigma _{c}^{++}X_{0}(2900)$$

K
+

p
→

Σ

c

+
+

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$K^{+}p \rightarrow \Sigma _{c}^{++}X_{1}(2900)$$

K
+

p
→

Σ

c

+
+

X
1

(
2900
)

reactions is carried out to search for the exotic states $$X_{0}(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$X_{1}(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

. The production process is described by the $$t-$$

t
-

channel $$D^{-}$$

D
-

meson exchange. The numerical results show that the total cross sections may reach up to about 0.5 nb and 25 nb for the productions of $$ X_0(2900) $$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$ X_1(2900) $$

X
1

(
2900
)

, respectively. The predicted differential cross sections are sensitive to the scattering angles and have strong forward enhancements. The cross sections for the $$K^{+}n \rightarrow \Lambda _{c}^{+}X_{0,1}$$

K
+

n
→

Λ

c

+

X

0
,
1

are also calculated and found to be larger than that in $$K^{+}p$$

K
+

p

collisions by more than one order of magnitude. The results are helpful to the possible experimental measurements with kaon beam.
Corrigendum: A reconstruction theorem for complex polynomials
Authors: Boc Thaler Luka 
Published: November 2022

This is a corrigendum to the authors paper [A reconstruction theorem for complex polynomials, Int. J. Math. 26(9) (2015) 1550073]. Here we present a completely rewritten and self-contained Sec. 4 of the aforementioned paper and provide the reader with the corrected proof of the main result that briefly states: “Given a generic polynomial [Formula: see text] of degree at least [Formula: see text] there exist positive integers [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] implies [Formula: see text] ”.
SpecTerminator: Blocking Speculative Side Channels Based on Instruction Classes on RISC-V
Authors: Jin Hai , He Zhuo , Qiang Weizhong 
Published: November 2022

In modern processors, speculative execution has significantly improved the performance of processors, but it has also introduced speculative execution vulnerabilities. Recent defenses are based on the delayed execution to block various speculative side channels, but we show that several of the current state-of-the-art defenses fail to block some of the available speculative side channels, and the current most secure defense introduces a performance overhead of up to 24.5%.
We propose SpecTerminator, the first defense framework based on instruction classes that can comprehensively and precisely block all existing speculative side channels. In SpecTerminator, a novel speculative side channel classification scheme based on the features of secret transmission is proposed, and the sensitive instructions in the speculative window are classified and identified using optimized hardware taint tracking and instruction masking techniques to accurately determine the scope of leakage. Then, according to the execution characteristics of these instructions, dedicated delayed execution strategies, such as TLB request ignoring, selective issue, and extended delay-on-miss, are designed for each type of sensitive instruction to precisely control that these instructions are delayed only in pipeline stages that are at risk of leakage. In contrast to previous defenses based on the Gem5 simulator, we have innovatively implemented defenses against Spectre attacks based on the open-source instruction set RISC-V on an FPGA-accelerated simulation platform that is more similar to real hardware. To evaluate the security of SpecTerminator, we have replicated various existing x86-based Spectre variants on RISC-V. On SPEC 2006, SpecTerminator defends against Spectre attacks based on memory hierarchy side channels with a performance overhead of 2.6% and against all existing Spectre attacks with a performance overhead of 6.0%.
AQuA: A New Image Quality Metric for Optimizing Video Analytics Systems
Authors: Paul Sibendu , Drolia Utsav , Hu Y. Charlie , Chakradhar Srimat 
Published: November 2022

Millions of cameras at the edge are being deployed to power a variety of different deep learning applications. However, the frames captured by these cameras are not always pristine—they can be distorted due to lighting issues, sensor noise, compression etc. Such distortions not only deteriorate visual quality, they impact the accuracy of deep learning applications that process such video streams. In this work, we introduce AQuA, to protect application accuracy against such distorted frames by scoring the level of distortion in the frames. It takes into account the analytical quality of frames, not the visual quality, by learning a novel metric,
classifier opinion score
, and uses a lightweight, CNN-based, object-independent feature extractor. AQuA accurately scores distortion levels of frames and generalizes to multiple different deep learning applications. When used for filtering poor-quality frames at edge, it reduces high-confidence errors for analytics applications by 17%. Through filtering, and due to its low overhead (14 ms), AQuA can also reduce computation time and average bandwidth usage by 25%. Finally, we discuss numerous new avenues of optimizations of video analytics pipelines enabled by AQuA.
Association Between Copayment and Adherence to Medications for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Schikowski Erin M. , Swabe Gretchen , Chan Stephen Y. , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Pharmacologic treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) improves exercise capacity, functional class, and hemodynamic indexes. However, monthly prescription costs often exceed $4000. We examined associations between (1) medication copayment and (2) annual household income with adherence to pulmonary vasodilator therapy among individuals with PAH.

Methods and Results

We used administrative claims data from an insured population in the United States to identify individuals diagnosed with PAH between 2015 and 2020. All individuals had ≥1 medication claim for endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitors, prostanoids or prostacyclin receptor agonists, or the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat. We defined copayments as low, medium, or high, as determined by their distributions for each medication class. Annual household income was categorized as <$40 000, $40 000 to $74 999, and ≥$75 000. The primary outcome was medication adherence, defined by proportion of days covered ≥80%. We studied 4025 adults (aged 65.9±13.3 years; 71.2% women). Compared with those with annual household income ≥$75 000, individuals in the <$40 000 and $40 000 to $74 999 categories had no significant differences in medication adherence. Compared with those with low copayments, individuals with high copayments had decreased adherence to prostanoids (odds ratio [OR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.20–0.65];
P
<0.001) and combination therapy with endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.38–0.97];
P
=0.03).

Conclusions
We identified associations between copayment and adherence to prostanoids and combination therapy among individuals with PAH. Copayment may be a structural barrier to medication adherence and merits inclusion in studies examining access to pharmacotherapy among individuals with PAH.
Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in US Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2014
Authors: Connolly Sean D. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Ning Hongyan , Marino Bradley S. , Pool Lindsay R. , Perak Amanda M. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Cardiovascular health (CVH) is suboptimal in US adolescents. Social determinants of health (SDOH) may affect CVH. We examined SDOH by race and ethnicity and assessed for associations between SDOH and CVH among US adolescents.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 3590 participants aged 12 to 19 years from 1999 to 2014. SDOH variables were chosen and an SDOH score assigned (range, 0–7 points; higher=more favorable). CVH was classified according to American Heart Association criteria. We estimated population prevalence and used multivariable linear and polytomous logistic regression for associations between SDOH and CVH. SDOH varied by group, with the non‐Hispanic White group (n=1155) having a higher/better mean SDOH score compared with non‐Hispanic Black (n=1223) and Mexican American groups (n=1212). Associations between SDOH and CVH differed between racial and ethnic groups (interaction
P
<0.0001). For the non‐Hispanic White group, each additional favorable SDOH variable was associated with a CVH score higher/better by 0.3 points (β, 0.3,
P
<0.0001), 20% higher odds for moderate (versus low) CVH (odds ratio [OR], 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1–1.4]), and 80% higher odds for high/favorable (versus low) CVH (1.8 [1.5–2.1]). Associations between SDOH and CVH were more modest among the Mexican American group (β, 0.12,
P
=0.001; OR 1.1 [1.0–1.2] for moderate CVH; OR, 1.3 [1.1–1.6] for high CVH) and were not significant among the non‐Hispanic Black group (β, 0.07;
P
=0.464).

Conclusions
SDOH and CVH were more favorable for non‐Hispanic White adolescents compared with non‐Hispanic Black and Mexican American adolescents. SDOH were strongly associated with CVH among the non‐Hispanic White group. Racially and culturally sensitive public policy approaches may improve CVH in US adolescents.
Dame Wang’s Dumplings: Mediating the Obscene in Manchu Translations of Erotic Literature at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Vedal Nathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the surprising attention to taboo works of Chinese erotic literature within the corpus of early Manchu literary translations, focusing on the Manchu interpretations of Jinpingmei (The plum in the golden vase), Xixiang ji (The story of the western wing), and Rouputuan (The carnal prayer mat). The Qing court is well known to have sponsored translations of core works of the Chinese classical and historical tradition, while simultaneously banning texts perceived as heterodox, lascivious, or politically sensitive. A lively engagement among Manchu commercial publishers with the literary tradition, including vernacular novels and plays, highlights the broader reading habits of the early Qing Manchu reader in practice. In mediating erotic material for this new audience, translators employed a variety of interpretive choices, ranging from expurgation to the opposite extreme of hyper-sexualization. This study situates these translation practices within the broader Manchu justifications of reading this material, shifting our attention from the conventional representation of Manchu literary repression.