bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child‐Pugh class A or B liver function in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Tanaka Takaaki , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Naganuma Atsushi , Kosaka Hisashi , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Iijima Hiroko , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kumada Takashi ,   Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group,   HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/AimAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) treatment is recommended for unresechepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC) patients classified as Child‐Pugh A (CP‐A). This study aimed to elucidate the prognosis of patients treated with Atez/Bev, especially CP‐A and ‐B cases.Materials/methodsFrom September 2020 to March 2022, 457 u‐HCC patients treated with Atez/Bev were enrolled (median age 74 years, male:female = 368:89, CP‐A:CP‐B = 427:30, Child‐Pugh score [CPS] 5:6:7:8:9 = 271:156:21:8:1). Therapeutic response was evaluated using RECIST ver.1.1. Clinical features and prognosis were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences between CP‐A and ‐B patients in regard to best response (CR:PR:SD:PD = 16:91:194:81 vs. 0:7:13:8, p = 0.739; objective response rate/disease control rate = 28.0%/78.8% vs. 25.0%/71.4%). Analysis performed using inverse probability weighting adjustments of clinical factors other than those related to hepatic reserve function with a p value < 0.10 for comparisons between patients with CP‐A and ‐B showed that the progression‐free survival (PFS) rate for CP‐A cases was better (6‐/12‐/18‐month: 58.2%/36.1%/27.8% vs. 49.6%/8.7%/non‐estimable [NE], p < 0.001), as was overall survival (OS) rate (6‐/12‐/18‐month: 89.9%/71.7%/51.4% versus 63.6%/18.4%/NE; p < 0.001). Median PFS (mPFS) and median OS (mOS) for the CPS‐5 were 9.5 months/NE, and 5.1/14.0 months for the CPS‐6 (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, for modified albumin‐bilirubin grade (mALBI)‐1/2a/2b, mPFS was 9.4/8.5/5.3 months (p < 0.001) and mOS was NE/17.8/13.4 months (p < 0.001).ConclusionBetter hepatic function, such as mALBI grade 1 or 2a are thought to indicate a better condition for obtaining sufficient prognosis with Atez/Bev treatment for u‐HCC patients, whereas for CP‐B patients, who mainly shown an mALBI grade of 2b or 3, Atez/Bev might have less therapeutic efficacy.
Post‐separation abuse: A concept analysis
Authors: Spearman Kathryn J. , Hardesty Jennifer L. , Campbell Jacquelyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of post‐separation abuse and its impact on the health of children and adult survivors.DesignConcept analysis.Data SourcesA literature search was conducted via PubMed, Cochrane and Embase and identified articles published from 1987 to 2021.MethodsWalker and Avant's (2019) eight stage methodology was used for this concept analysis, including identifying the concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case and contrary case, antecedents and consequences and defining empirical referents.ResultsPost‐separation abuse can be defined as the ongoing, willful pattern of intimidation of a former intimate partner including legal abuse, economic abuse, threats and endangerment to children, isolation and discrediting and harassment and stalking. An analysis of literature identified essential attributes including fear and intimidation; domination, power and control; intrusion and entrapment; omnipresence; and manipulation of systems. Antecedents to post‐separation abuse include patriarchal norms, physical separation, children, spatiality and availability, pre‐separation IPV and coercive control and perpetrator characteristics. Consequences include lethality, adverse health consequences, institutional violence and betrayal, such as loss of child custody and economic deprivation.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides a significant contribution to the literature because it advances the science for understanding the phenomenon of post‐separation abuse. It will aid in developing risk assessment tools and interventions to improve standards of care for adult and children survivors following separation from an abusive partner.ImpactThis concept analysis of post‐separation abuse provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon and a theoretical foundation to inform instrument development, future research and intervention. Post‐separation abuse is a complex, multi‐faceted phenomenon that requires differential social, legal and healthcare systems responses to support the health and well‐being of survivors and their children.
REducing delay through edUcation on eXacerbations for people with chronic lung disease: Study protocol of a single‐arm pre‐post study
Authors: Song Xiaoyue , Hallensleben Cynthia , Shen Hongxia , Zhang Weihong , Gobbens Robbert J. J. , Chavannes Niels H. , Versluis Anke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study protocol aims to examine the effectiveness and preconditions of a self‐management program—named REducing Delay through edUcation on eXacerbations (REDUX)—in China.BackgroundThe high disease burden in people with chronic lung disease is mainly due to exacerbations. There is a need for effective exacerbation‐management interventions. A nurse‐led program, REDUX, helped patients self‐manage exacerbations.DesignA single‐arm pre‐post study.MethodsFifty‐four patients and 24 healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Chinese primary care will be included. The core element of the program is a personalized action plan. HCPs will receive training in using the action plan to help patients manage exacerbations. The intervention will start when a patient is referred to the nurse for a post‐exacerbation consultation and ends when the patient presents for the second post‐exacerbation consultation. During the first post‐exacerbation consultation, the patient and nurse will create the action plan. The primary outcomes in patients will include the delays between the onset of exacerbation and recognition, between exacerbation recognition and action, between exacerbation recognition and consultation with a doctor, and when the patients feel better after receiving medical help from HCPs. The secondary outcomes will include preconditions of the program. The ethics approval was obtained in September 2021.DiscussionThis study will discuss a culturally adapted nurse‐led self‐management intervention for people with chronic lung disease in China. The intervention could help Chinese HCPs provide efficient care and reduce their workload. Furthermore, it will inform future research on tailoring nurse‐led self‐management interventions in different contexts.ImpactThe study will contribute to the evidence on the effectiveness and preconditions of REDUX in China. If effective, the result will assist the nursing of people with chronic lung disease.Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese clinical trial registry (ID: 2100051782).
General Practice Nurses' experiences of changing care delivery during COVID‐19. Implications for future practice: Qualitative study protocol
Authors: Anderson Helen , Scantlebury Arabella , Galdas Paul , Adamson Joy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAim

To explore how General Practice Nurses experience implementing change at pace and scale in delivering care during consecutive waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

To evaluate the impact of changes to general practice nurses' working practices on professional wellbeing.

BackgroundIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, general practice rapidly and extensively changed care delivery. There has been little exploration of the experiences of General Practice Nurses and care delivery, job satisfaction, workload, stress and professional support.DesignA qualitative case study design of three to five general practice case sites will explore General Practice Nurses' experiences during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The study was funded and approved by the General Nursing Council Trust in June 2021. University ethics approval was gained in July 2021. Health Research Authority approval has been obtained [IRAS:30353. Protocol number: R23982. Ref 21/HRA/5132. CPMS: 51834].MethodsData will consist of focus groups and/or semi‐structured interviews with General Practice Nurses, primary healthcare team members and other key informants. Business/strategy and nurse team meetings relating to workforce planning/review will be observed. Documents will be analysed and routinely collected general practice data will provide descriptive contextualisation at each site. The study will be theoretically underpinned by the Non‐adoption, Abandonment, Scale‐up, Spread and Sustainability Framework and data analysed using framework analysis.DiscussionGeneral Practice Nurses have a unique sphere of knowledge and undertake specific work in primary care. This workforce is challenged by recruitment, retention and retirement issues, leading to the loss of highly experienced and knowledgeable professionals. It is important to explore how working practices brought about by Covid‐19 affect General Practice Nurses.ImpactThis study will explore working practices brought about by the Covid‐19 pandemic to inform care delivery, patient care and support General Practice Nursing workforce wellbeing and will highlight and mitigate negative aspects of novel and changing care delivery. Key factors in implementing and supporting future practice and change implementation will be developed.Trial registration: CPMS: 51834.
Osteoimmunology: The correlation between osteoclasts and the Th17/Treg balance in osteoporosis
Authors: Huang Fei , Wong Puiian , Li Jinglan , Lv Zheng , Xu Liangliang , Zhu Genfu , He Mincong , Luo Yiwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is a bone disease that is caused by disorder of the skeletal microenvironment, and it characterized by a high disability rate and the occurrence of low energy fractures. Studies on osteoporosis and related treatment options have always been hot spots in the field of bone biology. In the past, the understanding of osteoporosis has been rather limited; research has only shown that osteoporosis involves the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation, and recent studies have not provided cutting‐edge theories of the basic understanding of osteoporosis. Recent studies have shown crosstalk between bone and immune responses. RANKL, an essential factor for osteoclasts (OCs), is associated with the immune system. T helper (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells are two different kinds of T cells that can self‐interact and regulate the differentiation and formation of OCs. Therefore, understanding the correlation between the skeletal and immune systems and further revealing the roles and the cooperation between RANKL and the Th17/Treg balance will help to provide new insights for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Physical representation of hillslope leaky barriers in 2D hydraulic models: A case study from the Calder Valley
Authors: Senior Jake G. , Trigg Mark A. , Willis Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe resources of small‐scale community‐based flood risk action groups are often limited, hence studies to model and predict the effects of Natural Flood Management are often restrained by time and lack of empirical data to validate results. As a result, representations of hillslope leaky barriers are largely modelled as several equifinal approaches, often without survey data. The geometrical characteristics of hillslope leaky barriers were surveyed for the first time at Hardcastle Crags, Calder Valley. This data informed six 2D hydraulic model representation scenarios with varying combinations of topography modification and roughness increase, allowing the sensitivity of their results to be tested. Results from Scenario 3 (topography modification and roughness increase) estimated total hillslope runoff peak flow to reduce by 16.6% in a 1:1‐year design return period; however, this reduction diminished as rainfall intensity increased. Return periods of over 1:30 year estimated peak flow reductions of <5%. Only 14.3%–21.7% (98–148 m3) of the total additional storage provided by the barriers is mobilised during simulated events. A multi‐peaked rainfall event from December 2015 was also simulated. Although the initial peak flow was reduced by 22.7%, as storage became mobilised, effectiveness reduced significantly for subsequent peaks within the same event.
Annual report of the committee on gynecologic oncology, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual patient report for 2019 and annual treatment report for 2014
Authors: Yoshino Kiyoshi , Kurita Tomoko , Takahashi Fumiaki , Nagase Satoru ,   Board members of the 2021 Committee on Gynecologic Oncology of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo provide information including the trend of gynecological malignancies in Japan, we hereby present the Annual Patient Report for 2019 and the Annual Treatment Report for 2014, on the outcomes of patients who started treatment in 2014.MethodsThe Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology maintains an annual tumor registry, where information on gynecological malignancies from various participating institutions is gathered. The data of patients whose treatment with gynecologic malignancies was initiated in 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival of the patients who started treatment with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in 2014 was analyzed by using the Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank, and Wilcoxson tests.ResultsTreatment was initiated in 2019 for 7983 patients with cervical cancer, 12 631 with endometrial cancer, 7737 with ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancer, 2222 with ovarian borderline tumors, and with the others (251 vulvar cancer, 148 vaginal cancer, 476 uterine sarcoma, 43 uterine adenosarcoma, 175 trophoblastic diseases). This clinicopathological information was summarized as the Patient Annual Report. The 5‐year survival rates of the patients with cervical cancer were 92.5%, 76.8%, 58.6%, and 29.5% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 5‐year survival rates for the patients with endometrial cancer were 94.5%, 87.3%, 70.2%, and 26.5% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 5‐year survival rates for the patients with ovarian cancer (surface epithelial‐stromal tumors) were 90.72%, 80.4%, 53.4%, and 31.6% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively.ConclusionThe annual tumor report is an important survey that provides knowledge on gynecological malignancy trends in Japan.
Central American immigrant mothers' narratives of intersecting oppressions: A resistant knowledge project
Authors: Letiecq Bethany L. , Davis Elizabeth , Vesely Colleen K. , Goodman Rachael D. , Zeledon Danielka , Marquez Marlene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn partnership with Central American mothers, the objective of this study was to engage in the coproduction of a resistant knowledge project, delineating how racialized and gendered structural oppression in the context of illegality conditioned mothers' opportunities to work, live, and do family in an immigrant enclave in the Washington, D.C. region.BackgroundWhile there is significant research describing Central American mother's experiences in the United States, it is critical to understand how interlocking structural oppressions operate in specific contexts to produce differential experiences of exploitation and marginalization.MethodThis study is embedded in a larger community‐based participatory action research (CBPAR) program. For this study, we analyzed 22 in‐depth interviews with undocumented Central American immigrant mothers using a community‐engaged coding process.ResultsFindings illustrate how the interlocking forces of structural racism, heteropatriarchy, and illegality deprive Central American immigrant mothers of economic and other resources, exposing them to precarious, overcrowded housing, and toxic, abusive power relations. These oppressive structural forces also position women as dependent on men and their wages. In solidarity with their male partners, some mothers reached their family goals through shared parental sacrifice. For others, partner deportations and relational dysfunction were ruinous. Some mothers saw their liberation from intersecting oppressions as tied to their singlehood.ConclusionCritical perspectives and alternative research approaches like CBPAR are needed in family science to advance understanding of how structural racism, heteropatriarchy, and illegality condition and constrain the lives of Central American immigrant mothers and other minoritized and marginalized families. CBPAR can also contribute to social movements for justice and people's liberation.
First report of fig tree dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Tunisia
Authors: Jabnoun‐Khiareddine Hayfa , Aydi Ben Abdallah Rania , Mars Messaoud , Daami‐Remadi Mejda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Tunisia, common fig (Ficus carica L., Moraceae) is a very ancient fruit crop, very important and still regaining interest. It is cultivated throughout Tunisia from the south to the north and from the east to the west. In July 2020, a severe unusual branch dieback and stem canker was observed on fig cv. ‘Zidi’ trees in a commercial orchard in north‐eastern Tunisia. Disease incidence was 50% and symptoms observed on the 10‐year‐old infected trees included wilt, defoliation, branch dieback and trunk and shoot cankers. The current study aimed to characterize the pathogen (s) associated with observed fig dieback and to study their pathogenicity. The causal agent has been identified as belonging only to the species Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, using combined sequences of ITS, tef1 and β‐tubulin (tub2) genes. Pathogenicity tests performed on 1‐year‐old detached and green shoots demonstrated that L. theobromae was pathogenic to common fig cv. ‘Zidi’. Symptom development was visible after 7–15 days of incubation at 25°C showing the aggressive behaviour of L. theobromae towards fig shoots. Cvs. ‘Chetoui’, ‘Zidi’, ‘Bidhi Bghal’ and ‘Bither Abyadh’ were less susceptible compared to the more susceptible cvs. ‘Soltani’ and ‘Bidhi 2’. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on common fig canker and dieback disease caused by L. theobromae in Tunisia and Africa. Considering the severe and rapid progress of this disease, prevention and management strategies should be implemented urgently to reduce its incidence and reduce fig tree losses.
Mortality and cause of death in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection versus healthy persons from the general population in Denmark
Authors: Bollerup Signe , Hallager Sofie , Engsig Frederik , Mocroft Amanda , Krarup Henrik , Madsen Lone G. , Thielsen Peter , Balslev Ulla , Mens Helene , Barfod Toke S. , Clausen Mette R. , Hobolth Lise , Laursen Alex L. , Tarp Britta , Roege Birgit T. , Hansen Jesper B. , Mygind Lone , Christensen Peer B. , Gerstoft Jan , Weis Nina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to determine adjusted all‐cause mortality and cause of death in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection compared with age‐ and sex‐matched persons from the general population. We used nationwide registers to identify persons aged ≥18 years with chronic HBV infection in 2002–2017 in Denmark and included 10 age‐ and sex‐matched controls for each. Follow‐up was from 6 months after diagnosis until death, emigration, or 31 December 2017. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) adjusted for age, sex, employment, origin and comorbidity were calculated using Poisson regression. Unadjusted cause‐specific mortality rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution. A total of 6988 persons with chronic HBV infection and 69,847 controls were included. During a median follow‐up of 7.7 years (range 0.0–15.5), 315 (5%) persons with—and 1525 (2%) without—chronic HBV infection died. The adjusted all‐cause MRR was 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–2.0). Persons with chronic HBV infection had increased mortality due to liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (MRR 12.3 [8.6–17.7]), external causes (MRR 3.3 [2.5–4.7]), endocrine disease (MRR 3.2 [1.8–5.4]), genitourinary disease (MRR 3.2 [1.2–7.6]) and neoplasms (except hepatocellular carcinoma; MRR 1.6 [1.2–2.0]). In conclusion, this study showed an increased all‐cause mortality in persons with chronic HBV infection in comparison with age‐ and sex‐matched persons without chronic HBV infection which remained after adjustment for several confounding factors. Excess mortality was mainly associated with liver disease, but also external factors, endocrine disease, genitourinary disease and neoplasms (excluding hepatocellular carcinoma).
Clitics, anti‐clitics, and weak words: Towards a typology of prosodic and syntagmatic dependence
Authors: Zingler Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSome reference grammars and cross‐linguistic works describe all elements that are not clear‐cut words as “clitics.” As a consequence of this practice, the class of suggested clitics is highly heterogeneous, which reduces the usefulness of the “clitic” label as a whole. In response to this situation, a more nuanced typology of grammatical forms is proposed here. The argument crucially relies on the notion of formal “dependence,” which is essentially a synchronic indicator of grammaticalisation status. The resulting system limits the term “clitic” to its prototypical manifestation, which combines a syntactic distribution with some degree of prosodic dependence on a host. Meanwhile, the class of “weak words” subsumes elements that are independent words in every regard except that they do not bear stress and/or tone, whereas “anti‐clitics” are affixes except that they share some behaviour with phonological words. Lastly, there are “mobile” and “suspended” affixes, which show types of syntagmatic freedom not found with prototypical affixes. All form classes proposed in this typology are attested across unrelated languages and are thus of relevance to typology and language‐specific analyses alike.