bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic inequalities in cancer survival: how do they translate into Number of Life-Years Lost?
Authors: Exarchakou Aimilia , Kipourou Dimitra-Kleio , Belot Aurélien , Rachet Bernard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the impact of socio-economic inequalities in cancer survival in England on the Number of Life-Years Lost (NLYL) due to cancer.

Methods
We analysed 1.2 million patients diagnosed with one of the 23 most common cancers (92.3% of all incident cancers in England) between 2010 and 2014. Socio-economic deprivation of patients was based on the income domain of the English Index of Deprivation. We estimated the NLYL due to cancer within 3 years since diagnosis for each cancer and stratified by sex, age and deprivation, using a non-parametric approach. The relative survival framework enables us to disentangle death from cancer and death from other causes without the information on the cause of death.

Results
The largest socio-economic inequalities were seen mostly in adults <45 years with poor-prognosis cancers. In this age group, the most deprived patients with lung, pancreatic and oesophageal cancer lost up to 6 additional months within 3 years since diagnosis than the least deprived. For most moderate/good prognosis cancers, the socio-economic inequalities widened with age.

Conclusions
More deprived patients and particularly the young with more lethal cancers, lose systematically more life-years than the less deprived. To reduce these inequalities, cancer policies should systematically encompass the inequities component.
Droplet-based screening of phosphate transfer catalysis reveals how epistasis shapes MAP kinase interactions with substrates
Authors: Scheele Remkes A. , Lindenburg Laurens H. , Petek Maya , Schober Markus , Dalby Kevin N. , Hollfelder Florian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe combination of ultrahigh-throughput screening and sequencing informs on function and intragenic epistasis within combinatorial protein mutant libraries. Establishing a droplet-based, in vitro compartmentalised approach for robust expression and screening of protein kinase cascades (>107 variants/day) allowed us to dissect the intrinsic molecular features of the MKK-ERK signalling pathway, without interference from endogenous cellular components. In a six-residue combinatorial library of the MKK1 docking domain, we identified 29,563 sequence permutations that allow MKK1 to efficiently phosphorylate and activate its downstream target kinase ERK2. A flexibly placed hydrophobic sequence motif emerges which is defined by higher order epistatic interactions between six residues, suggesting synergy that enables high connectivity in the sequence landscape. Through positive epistasis, MKK1 maintains function during mutagenesis, establishing the importance of co-dependent residues in mammalian protein kinase-substrate interactions, and creating a scenario for the evolution of diverse human signalling networks.
Rhizosphere bacteriome structure and functions
Authors: Ling Ning , Wang Tingting , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrobial composition and functions in the rhizosphere—an important microbial hotspot—are among the most fascinating yet elusive topics in microbial ecology. We used 557 pairs of published 16S rDNA amplicon sequences from the bulk soils and rhizosphere in different ecosystems around the world to generalize bacterial characteristics with respect to community diversity, composition, and functions. The rhizosphere selects microorganisms from bulk soil to function as a seed bank, reducing microbial diversity. The rhizosphere is enriched in Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and other copiotrophs. Highly modular but unstable bacterial networks in the rhizosphere (common for r-strategists) reflect the interactions and adaptations of microorganisms to dynamic conditions. Dormancy strategies in the rhizosphere are dominated by toxin–antitoxin systems, while sporulation is common in bulk soils. Functional predictions showed that genes involved in organic compound conversion, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification were strongly enriched in the rhizosphere (11–182%), while genes involved in nitrification were strongly depleted.
Small RNA pathways in the nematode Ascaris in the absence of piRNAs
Authors: Zagoskin Maxim V. , Wang Jianbin , Neff Ashley T. , Veronezi Giovana M. B. , Davis Richard E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall RNA pathways play key and diverse regulatory roles inC. elegans, but our understanding of their conservation and contributions in other nematodes is limited. We analyzed small RNA pathways in the divergent parasitic nematodeAscaris. Ascarishas ten Argonautes with five worm-specific Argonautes (WAGOs) that associate with secondary 5’-triphosphate 22-24G-RNAs. These small RNAs target repetitive sequences or mature mRNAs and are similar to theC. elegansmutator, nuclear, and CSR-1 small RNA pathways. Even in the absence of a piRNA pathway,AscarisCSR-1 may still function to “license” as well as fine-tune or repress gene expression.AscarisALG-4 and its associated 26G-RNAs target and likely repress specific mRNAs during testis meiosis.AscarisWAGO small RNAs demonstrate target plasticity changing their targets between repeats and mRNAs during development. We provide a unique and comprehensive view of mRNA and small RNA expression throughout spermatogenesis. Overall, our study illustrates the conservation, divergence, dynamics, and flexibility of small RNA pathways in nematodes.
Privacy preserving dynamic data release against synonymous linkage based on microaggregation
Authors: Yan Yan , Eyeleko Anselme Herman , Mahmood Adnan , Li Jing , Dong Zhuoyue , Xu Fei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of the mobile Internet coupled with the widespread use of intelligent terminals have intensified the digitization of personal information and accelerated the evolution of the era of big data. The sharing and publishing of various big data brings convenience and also increases the risk of personal privacy leakage. In order to reduce users’ privacy leakage that may be caused by data release, many privacy preserving data publishing methods have been proposed by scientists in both academia and industry in the recent years. However, non-numerical sensitive information has natural semantic relevance, and therefore, synonymous linkages may still exist and cause serious privacy disclosures in privacy protection methods based on an anonymous model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a privacy preserving dynamic data publishing method based on microaggregation. A series of indicators are accordingly designed to evaluate the synonymous linkages between the non-numerical sensitive values which in turn facilitate in improving the clustering effect of the microaggregation anonymous method. The dynamic update program is introduced into the proposed microaggregation method to realize the dynamic release and update of data. Experimental analysis suggests that the proposed method provides better privacy protection effect and availability of published data in contrast to the state-of-the-art methods.
Cryogenic technology for infrared detection in space
Authors: Han Yinan , Zhang Ankuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCryogenic technology has been developed cooperatively with infrared detection technology, which is of great significance for the development of space science and technology. To illustrate this coordinated development, the relationships between the infrared wavelength and the dark current in detectors with cryogenic temperature are analyzed, which shows the importance of cryogenic technology for infrared detection. Based on an analysis of infrared detection characteristics and cryogenic temperature requirements in different temperature zones, the development direction of cryogenic technology for infrared detection in space is analyzed and combined with the application of cryogenic technology in several key infrared space missions.
Exploring rise of pregnancy in Bangladesh resulting from contraceptive failure
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Islam M Mofizul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine how changes in pre-pregnancy contraceptive methods used between 2011 and 2017/18 contributed to the changes in pregnancy resulting from contraceptive methods failure in Bangladesh. We used 2011 and 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Pre-pregnancy contraceptive methods failure was our outcome of interest, which was determined using women’s response about whether they became pregnant while using contraceptives before the most recent pregnancy. The year of the survey was the main explanatory variable. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. The difference in contraceptive methods failure across the socio-demographic characteristics was assessed by Chi-squared test. Multilevel poison regressions were used to determine the changes in the prevalence ratio of contraceptive methods failure across the survey years. Contraceptive methods failure rate increased between the surveys, from 22.8% in 2011 to 27.3% in 2017/18. Also, male condom use increased by 2.8%, while withdrawal/periodic abstinence and/or other methods decreased by 2.9%. The failure rates in these two categories of contraceptive methods increased substantially by 4.0% and 9.0%, respectively. Compared to the 2011 survey, the prevalence ratio (PR) of contraceptive methods failure was 20% (PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3) high in the 2017/18 survey. This PR declined 13% (PR 1.1, 95% CI 1.04–1.2) once the model was adjusted for women’s and their partner’s characteristics along with the last contraceptives used. This study provides evidence of increasing rates of pregnancy due to contraceptive failure in Bangladesh. Given that this type of pregnancy is known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, including abortion, pregnancy complications, maternal and early child morbidity and mortality, policy and programs are needed to reduce its prevalence. Effective coordination between the contraception providers at the healthcare facilities and the households and a proactive role of family planning workers to make couples aware of the effective use of contraceptives are recommended.
Effects of Positive and Negative Emotions on Picture Naming for People With Mild-to-Moderate Aphasia: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Nielsen Courtney , Loveridge Corinne , Williams Camille 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:The purpose of the study is to investigate how emotional arousal and valence affect confrontational naming accuracy and response time (RT) in people with mild-to-moderate aphasia compared with adults without aphasia. We hypothesized that negative and positive emotions would facilitate naming for people with aphasia (PWA) but lead to slower responses for adults with no aphasia.Method:Eight participants with mild-to-moderate aphasia, 15 older adults (OAs), and 17 young adults (YAs) completed a confrontational naming task across three conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) in an ABA (where A = neutral and B = negative) case series design. Immediately following each naming condition, participants self-reported their perceived arousal and pleasure. Accuracy and RT were measured and compared.Results:As expected, PWA performed significantly less accurately and with longer RTs than both YA and OA groups across all conditions. However, opposite our hypothesis for the aphasia group, the negative condition resulted in decreased accuracy for the aphasia and the OA group and increased RT across all groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the positive and any other condition. Participants with aphasia who demonstrated an effect in the negative condition were observed to produce a larger proportion of semantically related errors than any other error types.Conclusions:Findings suggest that strong negative emotions can interfere with semantic–lexical processing by diverting attentional resources to emotion regulation. Both clinicians and researchers should be aware of the potential influence of negative stimuli and negative emotional states on language performance for PWA, and these effects should be disentangled in future research. Further research should also be conducted with a larger number of participants with aphasia across a broader range of severity to replicate and extend findings.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19119356
Analysis of multiscale structures at the quasi-perpendicular Venus bow shock
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Lalti A. , Yordanova E. , Edberg N. J. T. , Steinvall K. , Graham D. B. , Hadid L. Z. , Allen R. C. , Vaivads A. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Souček J. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. 
Published: February 2022

Context.Solar Orbiter is a European Space Agency mission with a suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments to investigate the physical processes across the inner heliosphere. During the mission, the spacecraft is expected to perform multiple Venus gravity assist maneuvers while providing measurements of the Venusian plasma environment. The first of these occurred on 27 December 2020, in which the spacecraft measured the regions such as the distant and near Venus magnetotail, magnetosheath, and bow shock.Aims.This study aims to investigate the outbound Venus bow shock crossing measured by Solar Orbiter during the first flyby. We study the complex features of the bow shock traversal in which multiple large amplitude magnetic field and density structures were observed as well as higher frequency waves. Our aim is to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for these high amplitude structures, characterize the higher frequency waves, determine the source of the waves, and put these results into context with terrestrial bow shock observations.Methods.High cadence magnetic field, electric field, and electron density measurements were employed to characterize the properties of the large amplitude structures and identify the relevant physical process. Minimum variance analysis, theoretical shock descriptions, coherency analysis, and singular value decomposition were used to study the properties of the higher frequency waves to compare and identify the wave mode.Results.The non-planar features of the bow shock are consistent with shock rippling and/or large amplitude whistler waves. Higher frequency waves are identified as whistler-mode waves, but their properties across the shock imply they may be generated by electron beams and temperature anisotropies.Conclusions.The Venus bow shock at a moderately high Mach number (∼5) in the quasi-perpendicular regime exhibits complex features similar to the Earth’s bow shock at comparable Mach numbers. The study highlights the need to be able to distinguish between large amplitude waves and spatial structures such as shock rippling. The simultaneous high frequency observations also demonstrate the complex nature of energy dissipation at the shock and the important question of understanding cross-scale coupling in these complex regions. These observations will be important to interpreting future planetary missions and additional gravity assist maneuvers.
Radio emission in a nearby, ultra-cool dwarf binary: A multifrequency study
Authors: Climent J. B. , Guirado J. C. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Zakhozhay O. V. , Pérez-Torres M. , Azulay R. , Gauza B. , Rebolo R. , Béjar V. J. S. , Martín-Pintado J. , Lefèvre C. 
Published: February 2022

Context.The substellar triple system VHS J125601.92−125723.9 (hereafter VHS 1256−1257) is composed of an equal-mass M7.5 brown dwarf binary and an L7 low-mass substellar object. In Guirado et al. (2018, A&A, 610, A23) we published the detection of radio emission at 8.4 GHz coming from the central binary and making it an excellent target for further observations.Aims.We aim to identify the origin of the radio emission occurring in the central binary of VHS 1256−1257 while discussing the expected mechanisms involved in the radio emission of ultra-cool dwarfs.Methods.We observed this system with theKarl G. JanskyVery Large Array, the European very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network, the enhanced Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network, the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array, and the Atacama Large Millimetre Array at frequencies ranging from 5 GHz up to 345 GHz in several epochs during 2017, 2018, and 2019.Results.We found radio emission at 6 GHz and 33 GHz coincident with the expected position of the central binary of VHS 1256−1257. The StokesIdensity fluxes detected were 73 ± 4 μJy and 83 ± 13 μJy, respectively, with no detectable circular polarisation or pulses. No emission is detected at higher frequencies (230 GHz and 345 GHz), nor at 5 GHz with VLBI arrays. The emission appears to be stable over almost three years at 6 GHz. To explain the constraints obtained both from the detections and non-detections, we considered multiple scenarios including thermal and nonthermal emission, and different contributions from each component of the binary.Conclusions.Our results can be well explained by nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission originating at radiation belts with a low plasma density (ne = 300−700 cm−3), a moderate magnetic field strength (B ≈ 140 G), and an energy distribution of electrons following a power-law (dN/dE ∝ E−δ) withδfixed at 1.36. These radiation belts would need to be present in both components and also be viewed equatorially.
Simulation quantique avec des atomes froids. Comment manipuler et sonder des systèmes quantiques à l’échelle de l’atome individuel
Authors: Yefsah Tarik , Sayrin Clément 
Published: February 2022

Les systèmes physiques à grand nombre de particules, d’une importance capitale en physique, sont incroyablement complexes. Leur comportement, en effet, « ne doit pas être compris à travers une simple extrapolation des propriétés de quelques particules. Au contraire, à chaque niveau de complexité, des propriétés entièrement nouvelles émergent (…) » (P.W. Anderson [1]).
L’avènement des technologies quantiques, et tout particulièrement de la simulation quantique, permet aujourd’hui d’aborder d’une façon nouvelle et prometteuse la physique de ces systèmes à N corps en interaction. Nous présentons ici l’apport des dispositifs à atomes froids, à travers deux exemples d’expériences aujourd’hui en construction au Laboratoire Kastler Brossel.
Des cellules solaires dont la transparence et la production d’énergie s’adaptent aux conditions d’ensoleillement
Authors: Demadrille Renaud 
Published: February 2022

En laboratoire, les cellules solaires à colorant démontrent aujourd’hui des efficacités supérieures à 14% et peuvent être semi-transparentes, colorées et très efficaces sous de faibles irradiations. Elles ont récemment amorcé leur développement industriel avec des exemples d’intégration dans des façades de bâtiments.
Dans cet article, nous rappellerons le principe de fonctionnement de ces cellules, puis nous reviendrons sur nos travaux visant à développer des colorants applicables en cellules semitransparentes. Enfin, nous présenterons une nouvelle classe de photosensibilisateurs qui permettent d’obtenir des cellules solaires capables de changer de couleur et d’auto-ajuster simultanément leur transparence et leur production d’énergie en fonction des conditions d’ensoleillement.
Use of Rapid Molecular Polymerase Chain Reaction in Early Detection of Bacteremia in Neonates Prior to Blood Culture Positivity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Massa-Buck Beri , Mendoza Salome , Keiser John , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2022

Objective There has been national strive to decrease the time needed to identify microorganisms in blood culture samples to reduce antibiotic use. This study evaluated rapid molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) use in identifying microorganisms in negative culture bottles from neonates with suspected bacterial blood stream infection at 20 to 24 hours of incubation.
Study Design All blood specimens from neonates with suspected blood stream infection were included. Specimens were incubated using a standard blood culturing instrument that would flag positive if bacterial growth was detected. If the specimen was flagged positive at <20 hours, it was tested by PCR and plated for identification as per standard protocol. In our design, if specimen was not flagged at 20 hours of incubation, the bottle was sterilely accessed and a sample was obtained for PCR testing. The bottle would be returned for incubation for 120 hours or until flagged positive.
Results A total of 192 blood specimens were included. Four specimens flagged positive at <20 hours and were all found to be positive by PCR. All other samples did not flag positive by 20 hours of incubation and were tested by PCR between 20 and 24 hours. One sample tested positive via PCR at 21.6 hours then flagged positive on the culturing instrument at 23.5 hours. All other specimens were negative by PCR and remained culture negative at 120 hours. The positive and negative predictive value of PCR verified by blood culture were both equal to 1.0.
Conclusion Using rapid molecular PCR on blood culture specimens at 20 to 24 hours of incubation provides 100% true negative results possibly allowing providers to discontinue antibiotics at 24 hours.
Key Points
Chemically realistic coarse-grained models for polyelectrolyte solutions
Authors: Kaur Supreet , Yethiraj Arun 
Published: February 2022

Polyelectrolyte solutions are of considerable scientific and practical importance. One of the most widely studied polymer is polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which has a hydrophobic backbone with pendant charged groups. A polycation with similar chemical structure is poly(vinyl benzyltri methyl) ammonium (PVBTMA). In this work, we develop coarse-grained (CG) models for PSS and PVBTMA with explicit CG water and with sodium and chloride counterions, respectively. We benchmark the CG models via a comparison with atomistic simulations for single chains. We find that the choice of the topology and the partial charge distribution of the CG model, both play a crucial role in the ability of the CG model to reproduce results from atomistic simulations. There are dramatic consequences, e.g., collapse of polyions, with injudicious choices of the local charge distribution. The polyanions and polycations exhibit a similar conformational and dynamical behavior, suggesting that the sign of the polyion charge does not play a significant role.
Enregistering “gender ideology”
Authors: Borba Rodrigo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMobilizations against gender equality and sexual diversity have gained political traction globally despite their hyperbolic modes of action and conspiracist rhetoric. These anti-gender campaigns rally around “gender ideology,” a trope used to anathemize feminist and LGBTQIA+ activism/scholarship. This paper argues that anti-genderism is a register – a conventionalized aggregate of expressive forms and enactable person-types – of which “gender ideology” is the most famous shibboleth. The paper shows how inchoate collections of words, modes of action, and images of people (i.e. signs) have been enregistered into the cohesive but heterogeneous whole of anti-genderism through semiotic processes of clasping, relaying, and grafting (Gal 2018;2019). The paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of anti-genderism to understand the challenges it poses to the enfranchisement of women, queer, trans, and nonbinary people.