bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Recurrence of Diabetic Patients Recovery Time in Benishangul-Gumuz Hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Endalkachew  , Zelalem  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar). About 90% of people with diabetes around the world have type II diabetes. It is the main global health issue and burden as well with serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower extremity amputations. In middle- and low-income countries, the prevalence of diabetes has been rising more rapidly and needs great attention. The data from such cases has been considered as recurrent event data and the correlation between events should be taken into account in the analysis. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify risk factors for recurrence of diabetic patients recovery time in Benishangul-Gumuz hospitals (Assosa, Pawi and Wonbera hospital), Ethiopia. A retrospective study has been applied to obtain data on the recurrence of a diabetic patient’s recovery time in Benishangul-Gumuz hospitals, Ethiopia, from September 1, 2019 to September 1, 2021. Kaplan-Meier plot (s) and Log-rank test were used for comparison of patients recovery time from diabetes; Standard Cox-PH and Shared Frailty model were used to identify factors significantly affect the recovery time of diabetic patients, using R version 4.1.1 for data analysis. Of the total diabetic patients in this study, 61.87% experienced recurrence of diabetic. The estimated median recovery time of diabetic patient’s was 6 months. The Shared Log-normal Frailty model was chosen to be best fit for this data set, based on Likelihood Cross-Validation value. Family history, other medical history and Systolic Blood Pressure of patients were significantly affected the recovery time of diabetic patient’s.
Decreased expression of KPNA2 in Hepatocellular carcinoma infers favorable prognosis and high immune infiltrating level
Authors: Zhu Kang-Ming , Yuan Hui , Li Jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is an important pathological type of liver cancer. The immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment is negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of LIHC. At present, the role and molecular mechanism of KPNA2 in LIHC have not been elucidated, and the prognostic correlation between the two and the immune infiltration of LIHC are still unclear. Our study evaluated the role of KPNA2 in LIHC through TCGA data.MethodGene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) is used to analyze the expression of KPNA2 in LIHC. We evaluated the impact of KPNA2 on the survival of LIHC patients through the survival module. Then, We downloaded the LIHC data set from TCGA. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between clinical information and KPNA2 expression. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics related to the overall survival rate of TCGA patients. In addition, we used the "correlation" modules of CIBERSORT and GEPIA to explore the correlation between KPNA2 and cancer immune infiltrate. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of KPNA2.ResultUsing logistic regression for univariate analysis, increased KPNA2 expression was significantly correlated with pathological stage, tumor status, and lymph node status. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that down-regulation of KPNA2 expression, negative pathological stage and distant metastasis are independent prognostic factors for good prognosis. Specifically, CIBERSORT analysis was used to establish a negative correlation between the up-regulated expression of KPNA2 and the level of immune infiltration of B cells, NK cells, mast cells, and T cells. In addition, we confirmed this in the "Association" module of GEPIA. The expression of KPNA2 in LIHC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues by western blotting.ConclusionThe down-regulation of KPNA2 expression is associated with a good prognosis and an increase in the proportion of immune cells in LIHC. These conclusions indicate that KPNA2 is related to the level of immune infiltration of LIHC and can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of LIHC and a potential target for clinical tumor treatment.
Urine di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites are independently related to body fluid status in adults: Results from a U.S. nationally representative survey
Authors: Wang Wei-Jie , Wang Chia-Sung , Wang Chi-Kang , Yang An-Ming , Lin Chien-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been utilized in many daily products for decades. Previous studies have reported that DEHP exposure could induce renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, which contributes to extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion. However, there is also no previous study to evaluate the association between DEHP exposure and body fluid status.
Methods
We selected 1,678 subjects (aged ≥ 18 years) from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003–2004 to determine the relationship among urine DEHP metabolites and body composition (body measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)).
Results
After weighing the sampling strategy in multiple linear regression analysis, we report that higher levels of DEHP metabolites are correlated with increases in body measures (body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), BIA parameters (estimated fat mass, percent body fat, ECF, and ECF/intracellular fluid (ICF) ratio) in multiple linear regression analysis. The relationship between DEHP metabolites and the ECF/ICF ratio was more evident in subjects with younger age (20–39 years old), women, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, and subjects who were not active smokers.
Conclusion
In addition to being positively correlated with body measures and body fat, we found that urine DEHP metabolites were positively correlated with ECF and the ECF/ICF ratio in the US general adult population. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship.
Exploration of the relationships between tumor mutation burden with immune cell infiltration in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: wei yongchang , Ning Biao , Liu Yixin , Wang Miao , Li Yi , Xu Tianzi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In various malignant tumors, whether tumor mutational burden (TMB) was related to improving survival outcomes or promoting immunotherapy remained controversial. We aimed to study the prognosis of tumor mutation burden in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and its potential association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Methods: Transcriptome and somatic mutation profiles of CSCC were downloaded from the TCGA database. Somatic mutations were analyzed by "maftools" and visualized in waterfall plot. Then, TMB was calculated and we classified the samples into high-TMB and low-TMB groups based on the median data. Survival analysis and Wilcoxon test were used to investigate the prognostic value of TMB and its association with clinical variables. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in 2 TMN groups, and functional analysis was performed to find out significant biological pathways. Finally, we used the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate the association between TMB and immune infiltration, and used the R package "vioplot" to visually draw the violin chart for each immune cell. Results: The data from TCGA were analyzed, and higher TMB levels conferred high overall survival time, associated with higher T staging (p = 0.048) and older age (p = 0.029). Then, the differential analysis determined 122 DEGs. And pathway research showed that the enrichment of TMB-related signature correlated with several cancer-related signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Through CIBERSORT package and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, T cells CD8 (p = 0.008), T cells CD4 memory activation (p = 0.002) and T cells follicular helper cells (p = 0.028) showed higher levels of infiltration in the high TMB group. However, T cells CD4 memory resting (p = 0.003) and T cells regulation (Tregs) (p = 0.033) showed lower levels of infiltration in the high TMB group. Conclusions: In summary, high TMB may inhibit the development of CSCC through anti-tumor immune cells. And our study might have some merits in elucidating the potential mechanism of TMB and immune infiltrates in CSCC and providing guidance of immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.
Bioinformatics analysis explores potential hub genes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wu Chutian , Zhou Yun , Wang Min , Dai Guolin , Liu Xiongxiu , Lai Leizhen , Tang Shaohui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. However, the dysregulated gene expression for NAFLD are still poorly understood.Material and methods: we analyzed two public datasets (GSE48452 and GSE89632) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NAFLD. Then, we performed a series of bioinformatics analysis to explore potential hub genes in NAFLD.Results: This study included 26 simple steatosis (SS), 34 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and13 healthy controls (HC). We observed 6 up- and 19 down-regulated genes in SS, and 13 up- and 19 down-regulated genes in NASH compared with HC. Meanwhile, the overlapping pathways between SS and NASH were PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. Then, we screened out 10 hub genes by weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Eventually, we found that CYP7A1/GINS2/PDLIM3 were associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in TCGA database. Conclusion: Although further validation is still needed, we provide useful and novel information to explore the potential candidate genes for NAFLD prognosis and therapeutic options.
Differences in Sex Ratio, Tail Autotomy, Body Size and Body Condition Between Suburban and Forest Populations of the Cuban Endemic Lizard Anolis Homolechis
Authors: Vidal Annabelle , Iturriaga Manuel , Mancina Carlos A. , Cézilly Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although growing evidence suggests that natural and sexual selection pressures may differ between natural and urban habitats, their consequences in terms of morphological differentiation, extent of sexual dimorphism and sex ratio remain poorly studied. Anolis lizards are an ideal model to study the phenotypic effects of urbanization, as they are well known for the existence of ecomorphs adapted to particular microhabitats. However, so far most studies of urban populations of anoles have considered invasive species and largely focused on males. Here, we compared morphological differentiation, sexual dimorphism and sex ratio between suburban and forest populations of the native A. homolechis, in Western Cuba, based on large sample size (n > 800) and a balanced nested design. Overall, both male and female individuals from surburban populations were larger and in better body condition than individuals from forest populations. In addition, evidence of caudal autotomy was more than twice more frequent in suburban populations compared to forest ones, with no sex effect. Habitat type and season of the year had additive effects on sex ratios, with a significant excess of males in surburban habitats and during the non-reproductive season. Accordingly, the extent of sexual dimorphism in size was more pronounced in suburban populations compared to forest ones. Our results suggest that the shape and direction of natural selection may differ between urban and natural populations of anoles.
Zum Gebrauch von Kategorien in studentischen Äußerungen über Inklusion. Ein empirischer Beitrag zur Differenzforschung
Authors: Laubner Marian 
Published: March 2022

Kategorisierungen spielen im Schulalltag eine Rolle, der Einsatz und Gebrauch von Kategorien werden in der De-/Kategorisierungsdiskussion schon länger in Beztug auf ihre Effekte reflektiert. In der vorliegenden Studie wird auf Grundlage eines differenzierungstheoretischen Kategorienverständnisses gefragt, wie in studentischen Äußerungen nach einem Praktikum in als inklusiv bezeichneten Schulklassen welche Kategorien oder kategorialen - z. T. auch eigenwilligen - Bezeichnungen aktualisiert bzw. hervorgebracht werden und welche diskutsive Funktion dieser Kategoriengebrauch übernimmt. Auf Grundlage diskursanalytisch ausgewerteter Interviews werden im Ergebnis drei Figuren herausgearbeitet, die Schwierigkeiten in den Zuordnungen von Schüler*innen von Schüler*innen zu kategorialen Bezeichnungen zeigen. Indem von der Lehrkraft zur Verfügung gestelltes Wissen und eigene Beobachtungen geschildert werden, wird versucht, diese Schwierigkeit durch die Herstellung Eindeutigkeiten in Zuordnungen zu bearbeiten. Die Ergebnisse werden schließlich produktiv für Anschlüsse zur Thematisierung unterrichtlicher und schulischer Kategorisierungen und Differenzierungen in der Lehrer*innenbildung gewendet.

Abstract
Categorisations play a role in everyday school life. But also the deployment and use of categories have long been reflected in the discussion on (de-)categorisation with regard to their effects. In the present study, on the basis of a difference-theoretical understanding of categories, it is asked in student utterances, how which categories or categorical – partly idiosyncratic – designations are produced after an internship in school classes designated as inclusive. Another focus was also what discursive function this use of categories assumes. On the basis of discourse-analytically evaluated interviews, three discursive figures are elaborated in the results, which show difficulties in the assignments of pupils to categorical designations. By describing the knowledge provided by the teacher and the teacher's own observations, an attempt is made to work on these difficulties by creating unambiguities in classifications. Finally, the results are used productively for connections to the thematization of classroom and school categorisations and differentiations in teacher education.
Assessment of the impact of island development on water security based on the elements nexus for the water system in Zhoushan archipelago
Authors: Tong Qizheng , Fan Chao , Hou Xiyong , Gui Feng , Ma Liqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water security is the premise for island sustainable development. Rapid urbanization and rising tourism industry have reshaped the water system in China's island cities, and it is necessary to reveal the characteristics of the aforementioned impacts in relation to strength and duration. Here, we present a framing to interpret the nexus between island developments and water security. Subsequently, their coevolutionary trend and mutual impact effects (coupling coordination degree and response period) were measured by mathematical models, respectively. Results demonstrated that the equilibrium of the water system has shifted from nature- to human-dominated since 2010. Interestingly, the coupling coordination degree between water security and island development showed an upward increasing trend, across the study periods. Moreover, water security exhibited positive and negative shock responses to tourism and urbanization, over 1- and 7-year response periods, respectively. Overall, the findings from this case study provide a quantitative paradigm for island sustainable management, and are expected to inform local decision makers on warning signals of sustainability loss, at a temporal scale.
Mikrobiyolog gözüyle yenidoğan sepsisinin tanısında laboratuvarın rolü
Authors: AKMAN Nazife , SAĞIROĞLU Pınar 
Published: March 2022

Sepsis, yenidoğan popülasyonunda önde gelen morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmaya devam etmektedir. Pediatride mevcut sepsis tanımları, prematüre popülasyondaki sepsisi ele almamaktadır. Birçok yenidoğan araştırma yayınlarında sepsis tanımı için kriterler vardır, ancak bunlar büyük ölçüde farklılık gösterir ve tipik olarak mikrobiyolojik kültüre yoğun bir vurgu bulunmaktadır. Sepsisin doğru tanımlanması ve taranması, klinik yönetim, sağlık hizmeti tasarımı ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemlidir. Bu derlemede neonatal sepsisin tanımı, sınıflaması, etken bakteriyel patojenleri, antimikrobiyal direnci, epidemiyolojisi, tanı yöntemlerinde kullanılan biyobelirteçler ve güncel bilgiler paylaşılmıştır.
Reversing Agents in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Malaria
Authors: Rasoanaivo P. , Ratsimamanga-Urverg S. , Frappier F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Chloroquine (CQ) resistance is a serious problem afflicting the populations in the Third World countries where malaria is endemic. Some strategies have been developed to circumvent the increasing spread of CQ resistance and the alarming emergence of multidrug resistance in malaria. Among these, drug combination has received much attention in the past few years. In this approach, the sensitivity of resistant malaria parasites to antima­ larial drugs can be restored by coadministration of one of the drugs collec­tively named reversing agents or chemosensitizers. The present review gives a update of chemically synthetized and naturally occurring reversing agents that have been proved to potentiate in vitro and/or in vivo the effect of the existing antimalarial drugs.
Development of Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Inhibitors of Aromatase for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer
Authors: O'Reilly Jill M. , Brueggemeier Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Aromatase (estrogen synthase) is an enzyme complex responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens in the final step in steroidogenesis. Estrogens play important roles in both normal physiology and reproduction and in certain estrogen-responsive disease states, such as hormone-dependent breast cancer. Approximately two-thirds of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases are hormone-dependent breast cancer, and estrogens have potent mitogenic effects on this type of breast cancer. Decreasing circulating estrogen levels could result in effective therapy for hormone-dependent breast cancer. Since aromatase is the rate limiting step
for the biosynthesis of estrogens, it is an appropriate target for inhibition. Over the past two decades, both steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors have been developed that are very potent compounds and very selective for aromatase versus other steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes. The steroidal inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women and is currently available in Europe. Several potent and selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors are now undergoing extensive Phase II and Phase Ill clinical trials and should become available within the next few years for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Review on Different Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems (VDDSs) and Their
Applications
Authors: Qushawy Mona , Alenzi Asma M. , Albalawi Sana A. , Alghamdi Shatha G. , Albalawi Rawan F. , Albalawi Hadeel S. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Colloidal dispersions, also known as vesicular drug delivery systems
(VDDSs), are highly ordered assemblies composed of one or more concentric bilayers formed by the
self-assembly of amphiphilic building blocks in the presence of water.

Objectives:
VDDSs are important to target the entrapped drugs at specific sites inside the body, control
the drug release, enhance the drug bioavailability, and reduce undesired side effects.

Methods:
There are different types of VDDSs suitable for the entrapment of both hydrophilic and lipophilic
drugs. According to the composition, VDDSs are classified into lipid-based and non-lipid-based
VDDSs.

Results:
There are different types of VDDSs which include liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes,
ufasomes, colloidosomes, cubosomes, niosomes, bilosomes, aquasomes, etc.

Conclusion:
This review article aims to address the different types of VDDSs, their advantages and
disadvantages, and their therapeutic applications.
Imaging Evaluation of Mesenteric Ischemia: Is There a Golden Period for This Entity?
Authors: Zargar Ishfaq , Robanni Irfan , Shah Omair , Gojwari Tariq , Rasool Riaz , Choh Naseer , Shera Faiz , Wani Munir 
Published: March 2022

Background.The study was aimed at assessing the role of ultrasonography and multidetector computed tomography angiography in evaluating patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia, as well as assessing the effect of the time from presentation to management on mortality and morbidity.
Materials and Methods. Patients with clinically suspected mesenteric ischemia underwent Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. On ultrasonography, we assessed any filling defect in the superior mesenteric artery/vein, narrowing or occlusion of the proximal superior mesenteric artery, ascites, bowel wall thickening, and pneumatosis/portal venous gas. Computed tomography angiography was performed looking for any filling defect in the superior mesenteric artery/vein, superior mesenteric artery/vein calibre, bowel wall thickening, calibre and enhancement and pneumatosis/portal vein gas. Most of our patients underwent emergency surgery and the findings correlated with imaging. All the patients were divided into Group A (n=30) and Group B (n=17) based on the time from presentation to management: within 48 hours of presentation and 48 hours after presentation, respectively.
Results. On computed tomography scan, mesenteric vascular involvement was seen in 27 (55%) patients, mesenteric/intestinal twist was observed in 12 (25%) patients, and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia was found in 6% of patients. The computed tomography findings were found to have a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 94% and an accuracy of 90% in cases of mesenteric ischemia. Among 35 patients operated on, those presenting within 48 hours, had a significantly less mortality (63%) in comparison to those presenting after 48 hours (90%).
Conclusions. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound features are non-specific in diagnosing mesenteric ischemia. Computed tomography angiography is a sine qua non in mesenteric ischemia diagnosis. Patients with venous ischemia respond well to conservative management. Early intervention within the first 48 hours is associated with better prognosis.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Emphysematous Osteomyelitis: A case report
Authors: Sninate Sanae , Oubaddi Tlaite , Allioui Soukaina , Jroundi Leila , Laamrani Fatima Zahrae 
Published: March 2022

Background. Emphysematous osteomyelitis and emphysematous pyelonephritis are both rare entities responsible for a high death rate. The first is defined by the presence of intravertebral or intraosseous gas, while the second is infectious damage to the renal parenchyma and perilesional tissues caused by gas-producing microorganisms and is, therefore, characterized by the formation of gas. Imaging plays a crucial role in making a rapid diagnosis and, thus, the initiation of the necessary treatment.
Case Report. A 66-year-old woman with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with the altered general condition and flank pain for 5 days, associated with fever and chills. The patient’s vital signs were remarkable with a disturbed biological workup, which led to emergency abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scanning that revealed emphysematous osteomyelitis of the spine and emphysematous pyelonephritis.
Conclusions. The coexistence of emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous osteomyelitis is a rare life-threatening entity, occurring in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Computed tomography is currently the gold standard in making the positive diagnosis, staging, for a quick and better management and, thus, a favorable prognosis.