bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of split X-jaw technique on target volume coverage and organ at risk sparing in prostate cancer: a comparative dosimetric study
Authors: Sarma Gautam , Nath Jyotiman , Goswami Shachindra , Goswami Pranjal , Sharma Shashi Bhushan , Kalita Apurba Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The Varian Trilogy linear accelerator’s multi-leaf collimator moves on a carriage with a maximum leaf span of 15 cm. The traditional open and limited X-jaw technique of volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) yields a relatively compromised dose distribution within the planning target volume (PTV) region. This study aimed to determine whether the split X-jaw planning technique for VMAT improves plan quality regarding target dose coverage and organs at risk (OAR) sparing for PTVs that require a field size of more than 15 cm in the X-jaw direction in prostate cancer patients.

Method:
Computed tomography data sets from 15 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in the study. Only the PTVs requiring a field size larger than 18 cm in the X-jaw position were considered, and a dose of 4500 cGy in 25 fractions was prescribed. For each case, three separate treatment plans were generated: open, limited and split X-jaw planning techniques with similar planning objectives

Results:
The split X-jaw technique resulted in statistically significant superior coverage of PTV when compared with the open (P < 0·0001) and limited methods (P < 0·001). The split technique delivered a lower dose to the OARs, although statistical significance could not be achieved. D2% (cGy) was lowest for the PTV in the split technique (4684·8 ± 18·16) and highest for the open technique (4710 ± 18·75), P < 0·001.

Conclusion:
The x-split jaw technique can replace the traditional open X-jaw practice of VMAT for PTVs requiring an X-jaw width of more than 15 cm in the Varian linear accelerator.
Equatorial Origin of the Observed Tropical Pacific Quasi‐Decadal Variability From ENSO Nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Wenjun , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F. , Geng Licheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuasi‐decadal (QD) climate variability is detected in the tropical Pacific based on the recent 70 years of observations. This QD variability is identified in equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs), the pattern of which resembles the Central Pacific (CP) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but extends further meridionally to the northeastern subtropical Pacific. Whereas equatorial upper‐ocean heat content and SSTs are in quadrature for ENSO, these two quantities are almost in phase on the QD timescale. Further analysis shows that nonlinear dynamical heating, primarily originating from strong El Niño events, tends to lead QD SSTs by a quarter of its dominant period (approximately 30 months) and shapes the dominant QD periodicity in observations. Our results suggest that the observed QD variability largely originates from ENSO nonlinearity and thus is fundamentally different from ENSO's oscillatory nature.
Icequake‐Magnitude Scaling Relationship Along a Rift Within the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Huang Mong‐Han , Udell Lopez Kathrine , Olsen Kira G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFractures within ice shelves are zones of weakness, which can deform on timescales from seconds to decades. Icequakes produced during the fracturing process show a higher b‐value in the Gutenberg‐Richter scaling relationship than continental earthquakes. We investigate icequakes on the east side of rift WR4 in the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Our model suggests a maximum icequake slip depth that is ∼7.8 m below the rift mélange, where the slip area can only grow laterally along the fracture planes. We propose ductile deformation below this depth, potentially due to the saturation of unfrozen water. We use remote sensing and geodetic tools to quantify surface movement on different timescales and find that the majority of icequakes occur during falling tides. The total seismic moment is <1% of the estimated geodetic moment during a tidal cycle. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using seismology and geodesy to investigate ice rift zone rheology.
The relationship of life-course patterns of adiposity with type 2 diabetes, depression, and their comorbidity in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Choudhary Priyanka , Ronkainen Justiina , Nedelec Rozenn , Tolvanen Mimmi , Lowry Estelle , Miettunen Jouko , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Sebert Sylvain 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and comorbid depression challenges clinical management particularly in individuals with overweight. We aim to explore the shared etiology, via lifecourse adiposity, between T2D and depression.

Methods
We used data from birth until 46years from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 6,372; 53.8% females). We conducted multivariate analyses on three outcomes: T2D (4.2%), depression (19.2%) and as comorbidity (1.8%). We conducted (i) Path analysis to clarify time-dependent body mass index (BMI) related pathways, including BMI polygenic risk scores (PRS); and (ii) Cox regression models to assess whether reduction of overweight between 7years and 31years influence T2D, depression and/or comorbidity. The models were tested for covariation with sex, education, smoking, physical activity, and diet score.

Results
The odd ratios (OR) of T2D in individuals with depression was 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.11], and no change in estimate was observed when adjusted for covariates. T2D and comorbidity showed similar patterns of relationships in the path analyses (P < 0.001). The genetic risk for obesity (PRS BMI) did not show direct effect on T2D or comorbidity in adulthood but indirectly through measures of adiposity in early childhood and mid-adulthood in the path analysis (P < 0.001). Having early-onset of overweight at 7years and 31years showed highest risk of T2D (OR 3.8, 95%CI 2.4–6.1) and comorbidity (OR 5.0, 95%CI 2.7–9.5), with mild-to-moderate attenuation with adjustments. Depression showed no significant associations.

Conclusions
We found evidence for overweight since childhood as a risk factor for T2D and co-morbidity between T2D and depression, influenced moderately by lifestyle factors in later life. However, no shared early life adiposity related risk factors were observed between T2D and depression when assessed independently in this Finnish setting.
Gefitinib and fostamatinib target EGFR and SYK to attenuate silicosis: a multi-omics study with drug exploration
Authors: Wang Mingyao , Zhang Zhe , Liu Jiangfeng , Song Meiyue , Zhang Tiantian , Chen Yiling , Hu Huiyuan , Yang Peiran , Li Bolun , Song Xiaomin , Pang Junling , Xing Yanjiang , Cao Zhujie , Guo Wenjun , Yang Hao , Wang Jing , Yang Juntao , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilicosis is the most prevalent and fatal occupational disease with no effective therapeutics, and currently used drugs cannot reverse the disease progress. Worse still, there are still challenges to be addressed to fully decipher the intricated pathogenesis. Thus, specifying the essential mechanisms and targets in silicosis progression then exploring anti-silicosis pharmacuticals are desperately needed. In this work, multi-omics atlas was constructed to depict the pivotal abnormalities of silicosis and develop targeted agents. By utilizing an unbiased and time-resolved analysis of the transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome of a silicosis mouse model, we have verified the significant differences in transcript, protein, kinase activity and signaling pathway level during silicosis progression, in which the importance of essential biological processes such as macrophage activation, chemotaxis, immune cell recruitment and chronic inflammation were emphasized. Notably, the phosphorylation of EGFR (p-EGFR) and SYK (p-SYK) were identified as potential therapeutic targets in the progression of silicosis. To inhibit and validate these targets, we tested fostamatinib (targeting SYK) and Gefitinib (targeting EGFR), and both drugs effectively ameliorated pulmonary dysfunction and inhibited the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Overall, our drug discovery with multi-omics approach provides novel and viable therapeutic strategies for the treatment of silicosis.
Altered amygdala shape trajectories and emotion recognition in youth at familial high risk of schizophrenia who develop psychosis
Authors: Guimond Synthia , Mothi Suraj S. , Makowski Carolina , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Keshavan Matcheri S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRelatives of individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing the illness compared to the general population. Thus, youth at familial high risk (FHR) offer a unique opportunity to identify neuroimaging-based endophenotypes of psychosis. Previous studies have identified lower amygdalo-hippocampal volume in FHR, as well as lower verbal memory and emotion recognition. However, whether these phenotypes increase the risk of transition to psychosis remains unclear. To determine if individuals who develop psychosis have abnormal neurodevelopmental trajectories of the amygdala and hippocampus, we investigated longitudinal changes of these structures in a unique cohort of 82 youth FHR and 56 healthy controls during a 3-year period. Ten individuals from the FHR group converted to psychosis. Longitudinal changes were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Group differences in verbal memory and emotion recognition performance at baseline were also analyzed. Surface-based morphometry measures revealed variation in amygdalar shape (concave shape of the right dorsomedial region) in those who converted to psychosis. Significantly lower emotion recognition performance at baseline was observed in converters. Percent trial-to-trial transfer on the verbal learning task was also significantly impaired in FHR, independently of the conversion status. Our results identify abnormal shape development trajectories in the dorsomedial amygdala and lower emotion recognition abilities as phenotypes of transition to psychosis. Our findings illustrate potential markers for early identification of psychosis, aiding prevention efforts in youth at risk of schizophrenia.
Resin-based composite materials: elution and pollution
Authors: Mulligan Steven , Hatton Paul V. , Martin Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPollution arises from all human activity and the provision of oral healthcare using resin-based composite restorative materials (RBCs) should be considered. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the potential pollutant risk to the environment from the chemical compounds found in resin-based restorative materials, by including: 1) the principal pollutant compounds present in the resin matrix; 2) the degradation process of RBCs and its consequences; 3) the methods used for the detection and quantification of monomer elution and RBC microparticles; and 4) a review of the release mechanisms of eluates and RBC microparticles into the environment.RBCs are pollutants by virtue of the compounds created during the degradation processes. These are in the form of the constituent eluted monomers and microparticles. Their impact on the environment and biodiversity is unknown. These materials are currently one of the main direct-placement restorative materials and their success is unquestionable when used and maintained correctly. Mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of pollution on the environment should be considered and implemented by all stakeholders and processes in the supply chain, from manufacturing, clinical use and waste management.
Relevance of sleep and associated structural changes in GBA1 mouse to human rapid eye movement behavior disorder
Authors: Gelegen Cigdem , Cash Diana , Ilic Katarina , Sander Millie , Kim Eugene , Simmons Camilla , Bernanos Michel , Lama Joana , Randall Karen , Brown Jonathan T. , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Cooke Samuel , Ray Chaudhuri K. , Ballard Clive , Francis Paul , Rosenzweig Ivana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a REM parasomnia that often predicts the later occurrence of alpha-synucleinopathies. Variants in the gene encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, GBA, strongly increase the risk of RBD. In a GBA1-mouse model recently shown to mimic prodromal stages of α-synucleinopathy, we now demonstrate striking REM and NREM electroencephalographic sleep abnormalities accompanied by distinct structural changes in the more widespread sleep neurocircuitry.
Quantum cyber-physical systems
Authors: Villalba-Diez Javier , González-Marcos Ana , Ordieres-Meré Joaquín 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to promote a quantum framework that analyzes Industry 4.0 cyber-physical systems more efficiently than traditional simulations used to represent integrated systems. The paper proposes a novel configuration of distributed quantum circuits in multilayered complex networks that enable the evaluation of industrial value creation chains. In particular, two different mechanisms for the integration of information between circuits operating at different layers are proposed, where their behavior is analyzed and compared with the classical conditional probability tables linked to the Bayesian networks. With the proposed method, both linear and nonlinear behaviors become possible while the complexity remains bounded. Applications in the case of Industry 4.0 are discussed when a component’s health is under consideration, where the effect of integration between different quantum cyber-physical digital twin models appears as a relevant implication.
Shrimp thrombospondin (TSP): presence of O-β1,4 N-acetylglucosamine polymers and its function in TSP chain association in egg extracellular matrix
Authors: Magerd Sirilug , Senarai Thanyaporn , Thongsum Orawan , Chawiwithaya Chidchanok , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken , Weerachatyanukul Wattana , Asuvapongpatana Somluk , Surinlert Piyaporn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe characterized the existence of O-β(1,4)-GlcNAc polymers (β1,4GNP) that were anchored on the O-linked glycosylation sites of shrimp thrombospondin (pmTSP-II). There were five putative β1,4GNP linkages on the epithelial growth factor-like domain of pmTSP-II. Antibody against O-β-GlcNAc (CTD110.6) was used to prove the existence of linear and complex β1,4GNP. The antibody well reacted with linear chito-triose, -tetraose and -pentaose conjugated with phosphatidylethanolamine lipid. The immunoreactivity could also be detected with a complex β1,4GNP within pmTSP-II (at MW > 250 kDa). Upon denaturing the protein with SDS-PAGE buffer, the size of pmTSP-II was shifted to be 250 kDa, approximately 2.5 folds larger than the deduced molecular mass of pmTSP-II (110 kDa), suggesting additional association of pmTSP-II apart from its known disulfide bridging. This was confirmed by chitinase digestion on pmTSP-II protein leading to the subsequent smaller protein bands at 110–170 kDa in time- and concentration-dependent manners. These bands well reacted with CTD110.6 antibody and disappeared after extensive chitinase hydrolysis. Together, we believe that β1,4GNP on pmTSP-II serve the function in an inter-chain association to provide structural architecture of egg extracellular matrix, a novel function of pmTSP-II in reproductive biology.
Megasphaera elsdenii and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as direct fed microbials during an in vitro acute ruminal acidosis challenge
Authors: Monteiro Hugo F. , Agustinho Bruna C. , Vinyard James R. , Harden Takoha , Bennett Sarah L. , Arce-Cordero Jose A. , Sarmikasoglou Efstathios , Ravelo Anay D. , Bahman Aneesa , So Sarong , Vieira Elis R. , Faciola Antonio P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Megasphaera elsdenii as direct fed microbials (DFM) in beef cattle finishing diets to alleviate acute ruminal lactic acidosis in vitro. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used. Treatments were a Control, no DFM; YM1, S. cerevisiae and M. elsdenii strain 1; YM2, S. cerevisiae and M. elsdenii strain 2; and YMM, S. cerevisiae and half of the doses of M. elsdenii strain 1 and strain 2. Each DFM dose had a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/mL. Four experimental periods lasted 11 days each. For the non-acidotic days (day 1–8), diet contained 50:50 forage to concentrate ratio. For the challenge days (day 9–11), diet contained 10:90 forage to concentrate ratio. Acute ruminal acidosis was successfully established. No differences in pH, d-, l-, or total lactate were observed among treatments. Propionic acid increased in treatments containing DFM. For N metabolism, the YMM treatment decreased protein degradation and microbial protein synthesis. No treatment effects were observed on NH3–N concentration; however, efficiency of N utilization by ruminal bacteria was greater than 80% during the challenge period and NH3–N concentration was reduced to approximately 2 mg/dL as the challenge progressed.
Near-infrared spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition algorithms to quickly classify raisins
Authors: Guo Jiawei , Chen Cheng , Chen Chen , Zuo Enguang , Dong Bingyu , Lv Xiaoyi , Yang Wenzhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of commodity economy, the emergence of fake and shoddy raisin has seriously harmed the interests of consumers and enterprises. To deal with this problem, a classification method combining near-infrared spectroscopy and pattern recognition algorithms were proposed for adulterated raisins. In this study, the experiment was performed by three kinds of raisins in Xinjiang (Hongxiangfei, Manaiti, Munage). After collecting and normalizing the spectral data, we compared the spectra of three kinds of raisins. Next the principal component analysis (PCA) was preformed to compress the dimension of the spectral data, and then classification models including support vector machine (SVM), multiscale fusion convolutional neural network (MCNN) and improved AlexNet were established to identify raisins. The accuracy of SVM, MCNN, and improved AlexNet is 100%, 92.83%, and 97.78% respectively. This study proves that near-infrared spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition is feasible for the raisin inspection.
A new non-human primate model of desiccating stress-induced dry eye disease
Authors: Gong Li , Guan Yilin , Cho WonKyung , Li Baowen , Pan Lingzhen , Yang Zhenyan , Wu Mingling , Yang Zunyuan , Chauhan Sunil K. , Zeng Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular surface disease, is estimated to affect up to 34% of individuals over 50 years old. Although numerous animal models, including rodents and rabbits, have been developed to mimic the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in dry eye, there is a lack of non-human primate (NHP) models, critical for translational drug studies. Here, we developed a novel desiccating stress-induced dry eye disease model using Rhesus macaque monkeys. The monkeys were housed in a controlled environment room for 21 to 36 days under humidity, temperature, and airflow regulation. Following desiccating stress, NHPs demonstrated clinical symptoms similar to those of humans, as shown by increased corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and decreased tear-film breakup time (TFBUT). Moreover, corticosteroid treatment significantly reduced CFS scoring, restored TFBUT, and prevented upregulation of tear proinflammatory cytokines as observed in dry eye patients following steroid treatment. The close resemblance of clinical symptoms and treatment responses to those of human DED patients provides great translational value to the NHP model, which could serve as a clinically relevant animal model to study the efficacy of new potential treatments for DED.
A fusion approach to improve accuracy and estimate uncertainty in cuffless blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Landry Cederick , Peterson Sean D. , Arami Arash 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA substantial barrier to the clinical adoption of cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring techniques is the lack of unified error standards and methods of estimating measurement uncertainty. This study proposes a fusion approach to improve accuracy and estimate prediction interval (PI) as a proxy for uncertainty for cuffless blood BP monitoring. BP was estimated during activities of daily living using three model architectures: nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs, feedforward neural network models, and pulse arrival time models. Multiple one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) models were trained to cluster data in terms of the percentage of outliers. New BP estimates were then assigned to a cluster using the OCSVMs hyperplanes, and the PIs were estimated using the BP error standard deviation associated with different clusters. The OCSVM was used to estimate the PI for the three BP models. The three BP estimations from the models were fused using the covariance intersection fusion algorithm, which improved BP and PI estimates in comparison with individual model precision by up to 24%. The employed model fusion shows promise in estimating BP and PI for potential clinical uses. The PI indicates that about 71%, 64%, and 29% of the data collected from sitting, standing, and walking can result in high-quality BP estimates. Our PI estimator offers an effective uncertainty metric to quantify the quality of BP estimates and can minimize the risk of false diagnosis.
Serial and parallel convolutional neural network schemes for NFDM signals
Authors: Zhang Wen Qi , Chan Terence H. , Vahid Shahraam Afshar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo conceptual convolutional neural network (CNN) schemes are proposed, developed and analysed for directly decoding nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) signals with hardware implementation taken into consideration. A serial network scheme with a small network size is designed for small user applications, and a parallel network scheme with high speed is designed for places such as data centres. The work aimed at showing the potential of using CNN for practical NFDM-based fibre optic communication. In the numerical demonstrations, the serial network only occupies 0.5 MB of memory space while the parallel network occupies 128 MB of memory but allows parallel computing. Both network schemes were trained with simulated data and reached more than 99.9% accuracy.
Implications for ozone control by understanding the survivor bias in observed ozone-volatile organic compounds system
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Shi Zongbo , Wang Feng , Liang Weiqing , Shi Guoliang , Wang Weichao , Chen Da , Liang Danni , Feng Yinchang , Russell Armistead G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTropospheric ozone (O3) affects Earth’s climate and human health. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), major contributors to O3 formation, are of particular interest. Generally, the measured concentrations of VOCs (M-VOCs) and O3 show nonlinear or even opposite time serial-trend. We attributed the phenomenon to survivor bias: lack of insight of the photochemically consumed VOCs (C-VOCs) which emitted from sources to ambient and devote to forming O3, while excessive concern on the measured VOCs (M-VOCs) at observation site. Both observational and model results provide evidence that C-VOCs are the key to O3 formation. We proposed an improved model to quantify the source contributions of C-VOCs (biogenic emissions, gasoline evaporation, industry, etc.) and their impacts on the formation of O3, successfully avoiding the misidentification of dominant VOCs sources originated from the survivor bias in observational data. The survivor bias found in this study highlights that focusing of M-VOCs directly is insufficient and demonstrates the necessity of capture the sources of C-VOCs which contribute to O3 formation.