bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between gabapentinoids and oedema treated with loop diuretics: A pooled sequence symmetry analysis from the USA and Denmark
Authors: Vouri Scott Martin , Morris Earl J. , Wang Grace Hsin‐Min , Hashim Jaber Bilal Alyaa , Hallas Jesper , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard 
Published: June 2022

AimsTo assess the gabapentinoid–oedema–loop diuretic prescribing cascade in adults using large administrative health care databases from the USA and Denmark.MethodsThis study used a sequence symmetry analysis to assess loop diuretic initiation before and after the initiation of gabapentinoids among patients aged 20 years or older without heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Data from MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Claims databases (2005 to 2019) and Danish National Prescription Register (2005 to 2018) were analyzed. Use of loop diuretics associated with initiation of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) was used as a negative control. We assessed the pooled temporality of loop diuretic initiation relative to gabapentinoid or SNRI initiation across the 2 countries. Secular trend‐adjusted sequence ratios (aSRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using data from 90 days before and after initiation of gabapentinoids. Pooled ratio of aSRs were calculated by comparing gabapentinoids to SNRIs.ResultsAmong the 1 511 493 gabapentinoid initiators (Denmark [n = 338 941]; USA [n = 1 172 552]), 20 139 patients had a new loop diuretic prescription 90 days before or after gabapentinoid initiation, resulting in a pooled aSR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.06–1.67). The pooled aSR for the negative control (i.e., SNRI) was 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.94), which resulted in a pooled ratio of aSRs of 1.58 (95% CI 1.23–2.04). Pooled estimated incidence of the gabapentinoid–loop diuretic prescribing cascade was 8.14 (95% CI, 1.92–34.49) events per 1000 patient‐years.ConclusionWe identified evidence of the gabapentinoid–oedema–loop diuretic prescribing cascade in 2 countries.
Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Arkesteyn Anke , Vancampfort Davy , Firth Joseph , Van Damme Tine 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSchool‐based physical activity (PA) programmes such as The Daily Mile (TDM) are widely promoted to address shortfalls in meeting PA recommendations. This study is the first to examine TDM (a daily one mile outdoor run/walk performed at a self‐selected pace during school hours) on mental health, self‐esteem and self‐perceived competence of elementary schoolchildren.MethodsIn total, 550 children (n = 289 boys, aged 5–13 years) were recruited from seven schools across Flanders. The Self‐Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were completed before, during and post‐intervention. One‐way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes over time. Additional subgroup analyses of children with low scores on the SPPC (−1SD) were performed.ResultsOnly perceived global self‐worth (SPPC) was significantly higher (p = .041) following TDM. However, in children with low baseline SPPC scores, significant increases with large effect sizes were found for global self‐worth (p = <.001), scholastic competence (p = .001), social competence (p = .003), athletic competence (p = .002), physical appearance (p = <.001) and behavioural conduct (p = .003) following TDM. Moreover, significant reductions over time were reported by parents for total difficulties (p < .001), hyperactivity (p = .004), peer problems (p = .008) and emotional symptoms (p = <.001) and an increase in prosocial behaviour (p = .038) on the SDQ following TDM. However, no changes for conduct problems were observed (p = .143).ConclusionsThe study is the first to indicate that TDM potentially improves mental health, self‐esteem and self‐perceived competence in elementary schoolchildren, especially in those with a poor mental health status. Randomised controlled trials are now required to more definitively test these findings.
Conservation responsibility for bird species in tropical logged forests
Authors: Buřivalová Zuzana , Rosin Cooper , Buchner Johanna , Radeloff Volker C. , Ocampo‐Peñuela Natalia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnprotected lands can help prevent the extinctions of species if managed carefully. Over half of the tropical forest is leased by logging companies, whereas only 6%–18% is protected. This makes the timber industry, institutions that regulate it, and consumers of its products important actors in conservation. We assessed the conservation responsibility, the proportion of a species’ range that tropical timber industry concessions overlap with, for bird species that decline after selective logging. Up to 32% of the global range and up to 100% of the national range of sensitive species within our study countries are leased by logging companies. Individual concessions overlap with the ranges of up to 25 sensitive and more than 500 total bird species, with a particularly high density in Borneo. Our results can inform governments, forest managers, sustainability certifiers, and consumers so that they can turn this responsibility into a conservation opportunity through interventions at multiple scales.
Elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures in eastern Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Zhao Tian , Khatiwada Janak Raj , Zhao Chunlin , Feng Jianyi , Sun Zijian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimExploring the mechanism underlying community assembly processes is considered as one of the central topics for biogeography. As one of the biodiversity hotspots, Nepal Himalaya has attracted increasing attention during the past decade. However, the main processes shaping amphibian assemblages in this area are still unclear. Here, we examined the elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures to understand the main mechanism driving amphibian assemblages along an elevational gradient in eastern Nepal Himalaya.LocationEastern Nepal Himalaya.MethodsAmphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity were calculated, and their responses to the increasing elevations were investigated based on the linear regressions. The environmental determinants of amphibian diversity were revealed based on the incorporation of generalized linear models and hierarchical partitioning analyses. In addition, the mechanism driving amphibian assemblages from low to high elevations was tested by calculating the mean pairwise functional distance and the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance indices.ResultsAmphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity had contrast responses to the increasing elevations, which were strongly determined by variables such as air temperature, the number of trees, leaf litter cover and water pH. Interestingly, the trends of amphibian functional and phylogenetic diversity along an elevational gradient can be changed after controlling the effects of species richness. Moreover, determining process played a dominant role in shaping amphibian assemblages with the increasing elevations.ConclusionsOur results revealed the elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures in eastern Nepal Himalaya, associated with the change in environmental variables. We also highlighted the dominant role of determining process in shaping amphibian assemblages. Overall, our results can help ecologists and managers better understand and formulate amphibian diversity conservation. In addition, our results also enriched the fundamental knowledge to understand the general patterns of community assembly rules in montane ecosystems.
Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario: Development and initial implementation of integrated youth services in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Henderson Joanna Lyn , Chiodo Debbie , Varatharasan Nirupa , Andari Swelen , Luce Janine , Wolfe Janis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe need for youth‐friendly early intervention services to meet the mental health, substance use, primary care, and other social needs of adolescents and young adults is well‐documented. This article describes Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, a province‐wide initiative in Ontario, Canada to build and implement a one‐stop‐shop model of integrated youth services.MethodsWe describe the development of Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, in the context of global youth mental health system transformation, as well as pan‐Canadian youth mental health system change. We also describe Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario's values and services.ResultsThe demonstration phase of Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario was initiated in 2017–2018. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario is co‐created with youth for youth aged 12–25 years old across diverse community contexts. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario centres engagement and equity, and offers developmentally‐appropriate services in an integrated, community‐based walk‐in format. As an initiative committed to continuous learning and quality improvement, Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario offers evidence‐based and evidence‐generating services, and measurement‐based care. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario is supported by backbone resources with expertise in implementation science, health equity, Indigenous practices, youth and family engagement, evaluation, and knowledge translation. In 2020 Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario secured sustainable funding for the first 10 locations and scale‐up began in 2021, with 10 additional locations in development.ConclusionsYouth Wellness Hubs Ontario demonstrates the feasibility of integrated mental health and substance use early intervention services, offered in the context of a broad range of health and social services.
Validation of a “subjective motoric cognitive risk syndrome” screening tool for motoric cognitive risk syndrome—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ayers Emmeline , Wang Cuiling , Verghese Joe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a gait‐based pre‐dementia syndrome associated with risk of dementia. Ascertaining subjective cognitive and motoric complaints may facilitate early and remote identification of individuals with MCR as they are reported to precede and predict objective cognitive and motoric impairments in aging.MethodsThe validity of five subjective motoric complaint (SMC) questions and 10 subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) questions was examined for discriminating MCR in 538 non‐demented community‐dwelling adults. Backward logistic regression was used to identify questions to develop a weighted score to define subjective MCR (MCR‐S). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to determine the discriminative ability of MCR‐S for the objective MCR (MCR‐O) definition based on SCCs and objectively measured gait. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders were used to examine the predictive validity of MCR‐S for incident dementia.ResultsFive subjective complaint questions (three SCC and two SMC) were associated with MCR‐O. They were combined to define an MCR‐S score (range 0–7) which yielded an area under the curve of 0.89 for discriminating MCR‐O from receiver operating characteristic analysis. An optimal cut‐score of 2 on the MCR‐S score was determined to have good sensitivity (84%) and specificity (82%) for MCR‐O. Over a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, 29 participants developed dementia. Both MCR‐S (adjusted hazard ratio 2.39) and MCR‐O at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio 3.16) predicted risk of incident dementia.ConclusionsSubjective MCR had high concordance with MCR‐O and can provide a remote screening assessment for MCR‐O, which can identify those at high risk for dementia.
Considerations regarding child and parent neurodiversity in family court
Authors: Pickar Daniel B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFamily court professionals must continually be developing a greater appreciation of diversity in its many forms. As with cultural diversity and non‐traditional families, neurodiversity in children and parents is another social justice issue in which overt or implicit bias may impact child custody decision‐making, such as when a divorcing parent has a significant psychiatric or neurocognitive condition. The neurodiversity perspective, while having its limitations, can help reduce bias in family court by recognizing that there is a broad range of brain functioning, while taking a strengths‐based approach, as opposed to a pathology orientation. This article will define neurodiversity, address how the stigma of mental health conditions can lead to automatic negative presumptions about parental competency, as well examine how the voices of neurodiverse children can be better heard in family court processes. Lastly, principles for court personnel to consider with neurodiverse parents and children will be elucidated.
Younger carbon dominates global soil carbon efflux
Authors: Xiao Liujun , Wang Guocheng , Wang Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Sierra Carlos A. , Guo Xiaowei , Chang Jinfeng , Shi Zhou , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil carbon (C) is comprised of a continuum of organic compounds with distinct ages (i.e., the time a C atom has experienced in soil since the C atom entered soil). The contribution of different age groups to soil C efflux is critical for understanding soil C stability and persistence, but is poorly understood due to the complexity of soil C pool age structure and potential distinct turnover behaviors of age groups. Here, we build upon the quantification of soil C transit times to infer the age of C atoms in soil C efflux (aefflux) from seven sequential soil layer depths down to 2 m at a global scale, and compare this age with radiocarbon‐inferred ages of C retained in corresponding soil layers (asoil). In the whole 0–2 m soil profile, the mean aefflux is (mean with 5%–95% quantiles) year and is just about one‐eighth of asoil ( year), demonstrating that younger C dominates soil C efflux. With increasing soil depth, both aefflux and asoil are increased, but their disparities are markedly narrowed. That is, the proportional contribution of relatively younger soil C to efflux is decreased in deeper layers, demonstrating that C inputs (new and young) stay longer in deeper layers. Across the globe, we find large spatial variability of the contribution of soil C age groups to C efflux. Especially, in deep soil layers of cold regions (e.g., boreal forests and tundra), aefflux may be older than asoil, suggesting that older C dominates C efflux only under a limited range of conditions. These results imply that most C inputs may not contribute to long‐term soil C storage, particularly in upper layers that hold the majority of new C inputs.
Substantial non‐growing season carbon dioxide loss across Tibetan alpine permafrost region
Authors: Li Qinlu , Liu Yang , Kou Dan , Peng Yunfeng , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the major uncertainties for projecting permafrost carbon (C)‐climate feedback is a poor representation of the non‐growing season carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under a changing climate. Here, combining in situ field observations, regional synthesis and a random forest model, we assessed contemporary and future soil respired CO2 (i.e., soil respiration, Rs) across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region, which has received much less attention compared with the Arctic permafrost domain. We estimated the regional mean Rs of 229.8, 72.9 and 302.7 g C m−2 year−1 during growing season, non‐growing season and the entire year, respectively; corresponding to the contemporary losses of 296.9, 94.3 and 391.2 Tg C year−1 from this high‐altitude permafrost‐affected area. The non‐growing season Rs accounted for a quarter of the annual soil CO2 efflux. Different from the prevailing view that temperature is the most limiting factor for cold‐period CO2 release in Arctic permafrost ecosystems, precipitation determined the spatial pattern of non‐growing season Rs on the Tibetan Plateau. Using the key predictors, model extrapolation demonstrated additional losses of 38.8 and 74.5 Tg C from the non‐growing season for a moderate mitigation scenario and a business‐as‐usual emissions scenario, respectively. These results provide a baseline for non‐growing season CO2 emissions from high‐altitude permafrost areas and help for accurate projection of permafrost C‐climate feedback.
Lost, gained, and regained functional and phylogenetic diversity of European mammals since 8000 years ago
Authors: Hatfield Jack H. , Davis Katie E. , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMammals have experienced high levels of human‐mediated extirpations but have also been widely introduced to new locations, and some have recovered from historic persecution. Both of these processes—losses and gains—have resulted in concern about functional losses and changes in ecological communities as new ecological states develop. The question of whether species turnover inevitably leads to declines in functional and phylogenetic diversity depends, however, on the traits and phylogenetic distinctiveness of the species that are lost, gained, or regained. Comparing ~8000 years ago with the last century, we show that extirpations and range retractions have indeed reduced the functional and phylogenetic diversity of mammals in most European regions (countries and island groups), but species recoveries and the introduction of non‐native species have increased functional and phylogenetic diversity by equivalent or greater amounts in many regions. Overall, across Europe, species richness increased in 41 regions over the last 8000 years and declined in 1; phylogenetic diversity increased in 33 and declined in 12, while functional diversity results showed 20 increases and 25 decreases. The balance of losses (extirpations) and gains (introductions, range expansions) has, however, led to net increases in functional diversity on many islands, where the original diversity was low, and across most of western Europe. Historically extirpated mega‐ and mesofaunal species have recolonized or been reintroduced to many European regions, contributing to recent functional and phylogenetic diversity recovery. If conservation rewilding projects continue to reintroduce regionally extirpated species and domestic descendants of “extinct” species to provide replacement grazing, browsing, and predation, there is potential to generate net functional and phylogenetic diversity gains (relative to 8000 years ago) in most European regions.
Tree crown damage and its effects on forest carbon cycling in a tropical forest
Authors: Needham Jessica F. , Arellano Gabriel , Davies Stuart J. , Fisher Rosie A. , Hammer Valerie , Knox Ryan G. , Mitre David , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Zuleta Daniel , Koven Charlie D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrown damage can account for over 23% of canopy biomass turnover in tropical forests and is a strong predictor of tree mortality; yet, it is not typically represented in vegetation models. We incorporate crown damage into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to evaluate how lags between damage and tree recovery or death alter demographic rates and patterns of carbon turnover. We represent crown damage as a reduction in a tree's crown area and leaf and branch biomass, and allow associated variation in the ratio of aboveground to belowground plant tissue. We compare simulations with crown damage to simulations with equivalent instant increases in mortality and benchmark results against data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. In FATES, crown damage causes decreases in growth rates that match observations from BCI. Crown damage leads to increases in carbon starvation mortality in FATES, but only in configurations with high root respiration and decreases in carbon storage following damage. Crown damage also alters competitive dynamics, as plant functional types that can recover from crown damage outcompete those that cannot. This is a first exploration of the trade‐off between the additional complexity of the novel crown damage module and improved predictive capabilities. At BCI, a tropical forest that does not experience high levels of disturbance, both the crown damage simulations and simulations with equivalent increases in mortality does a reasonable job of capturing observations. The crown damage module provides functionality for exploring dynamics in forests with more extreme disturbances such as cyclones and for capturing the synergistic effects of disturbances that overlap in space and time.
Trends in places and causes of death among centenarians in Japan from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Koyama Toshihiro , Higashionna Tsukasa , Maruo Akinori , Ushio Soichiro , Zamami Yoshito , Harada Ko , Hagiya Hideharu 
Published: June 2022

AimAmid the global aging, an establishment of healthcare policies for the aged population is a common issue to be addressed. However, few studies on centenarians have reported place and cause of death (PoD and CoD, respectively) as indicators of end‐of‐life care quality. This study aimed to analyze trends in PoD and CoD among centenarians in Japan.MethodsData from death certificates from Japanese vital statistics were analyzed; 205 513 deaths occurred among centenarians (aged ≥100 years) in Japan during the period from 2006 to 2016. PoD prevalence was calculated for each CoD. Trends in PoD prevalence were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. Changing points, annual percentage changes, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated to examine trends.ResultsThe number of deaths more than doubled from 10 340 in 2006 to 26 427 in 2016. PoDs were composed of hospitals (52.7%), nursing homes (31.4%), own homes (13.6%) and others (2.2%). Dementia and old age increased rapidly as CoD. Proportions of hospital and home deaths decreased, with AAPCs of −2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.6 to −1.9) and −2.3% (95% CI, −3.2 to −1.4), respectively. Conversely, the proportion of deaths in nursing homes rapidly increased, with an AAPC of 6.8% (95% CI, 6.0–7.7).ConclusionsThe results revealed changes in PoD among centenarians in Japan. Understanding these transitions is indispensable for health policy in aging societies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 675–680.
Artificial intelligence and digital health for volume maintenance in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sandys Vicki , Sexton Donal , O'Seaghdha Conall 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic fluid overload is associated with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of fluid overload remains a priority for the nephrology community. Although current methods of assessing fluid status, such as bioimpedance and lung ultrasound, have prognostic and diagnostic value, no single system or technique can be used to maintain euvolemia. The difficulty in maintaining and assessing fluid status led to a publication by the Kidney Health Initiative in 2019 aimed at fostering innovation in fluid management therapies. This review article focuses on the current limitations in our assessment of extracellular volume, and the novel technology and methods that can create a new paradigm for fluid management. The cardiology community has published research on multiparametric wearable devices that can create individualized predictions for heart failure events. In the future, similar wearable technology may be capable of tracking fluid changes during the interdialytic period and enabling behavioral change. Machine learning methods have shown promise in the prediction of volume‐related adverse events. Similar methods can be leveraged to create accurate, automated predictions of dry weight that can potentially be used to guide ultrafiltration targets and interdialytic weight gain goals.