bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavitation characteristics and suppression research of refrigerant in capillary tube
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Yicai , Liu Shiyan , Yao Yao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cavitation is easy to form and develop due to the large pressure drop during throttling in the refrigeration system. To effectively suppress the throttling cavitation phenomenon, an aerating method through bypass capillary is proposed. Based on the Homogeneous Equilibrium Mixture (HEM) model, the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model were adopted, and the throttling process in the capillary tube and transition tube was simulated by Fluent, and the pressure distribution and vapor volume fraction distribution in the capillary tube and transition tube were obtained for both original model and aerating model. Results show that after adopting the aerating technology, the vapor volume fraction at the capillary outlet is almost unchanged, while the vapor volume fraction in the transition tube is obviously increased, which indicates that the bubble collapsing phenomenon in the transition tube is weakened, and then realized the purpose of suppressing the cavitation effect.
Fault Diagnosis of Fracturing Vehicle Based on Local Mean Decomposition and Synchroextracting Transform
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Jiang Yunlong , Wang Yingying , Zhang Huaibin , He Qun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The power end of a fracturing truck is a key component that provides kinetic energy during pressure operations. Its vibration signal is collected during operation because of the complex working conditions and heavy loads, resulting in the collected signal being filled with a large amount of noise, for which it is difficult to perform effective fault feature extraction. To address this problem, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed. This method combines local mean decomposition (LMD) and synchroextracting transform (SET) for signal processing. First, LMD processing is done on the acquired signal to obtain several product function (PF) components. The cross-correlation coefficient and kurtosis value are used as references to select the true PF components. After that, the SET method is used to process the real PF components, extract the energy that is most correlated with the time-varying features of the signal, remove the fuzzy energy, improve the time-frequency resolution, and enhance the fault features contained in the signal to facilitate accurate fault diagnosis. Finally, the vibration signals collected from the power end of the fracturing vehicle are experimentally verified. The results show that the method can accurately extract the fault characteristics of bearing failure in the power end, and provide some useful reference for the diagnosis method of fracturing vehicle power system.
Design of multifunctional railway track inspection vehicle
Authors: Shan Wenju , Zhao Guodong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the continuous construction of railway network, it is more and more important to maintain the operating state of railway track. Meanwhile, due to the rising departure density, the time available for maintenance is shortened, and the contradiction between operation and maintenance is becoming increasingly acute. In order to improve the efficiency of track maintenance, this paper proposes a multi-functional railway track comprehensive test platform, which can effectively integrate the existing track maintenance equipment, improve the maintenance kilometers per unit time, and puts forward a set of matching internet data management system, which has important practical value for improving the modernization of track operation.
Design of signal conditioning circuit at the output end of signal source based on AD9954
Authors: Yang Lei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The signal source based on DDS technology has the characteristics of high precision and high resolution, and is widely used in precision testing, instrumentation and other fields. However, interference signals such as high frequency harmonics and noise will inevitably appear in the output signal of the DDS chip, and even the sinusoidal signal generated by the DDS will be completely covered. This article takes ADI’s 14-bit high-precision DDS chip AD9954 as an example. I/V conversion and elliptic filter circuits are added to the output of the chip to obtain a pure sinusoidal signal. The rationality of the design is verified by multisim simulation software. This circuit provides strong support for the design and implementation of high-precision signal sources based on DDS.
Influences of Saponification Time on the Physical Properties of Mineral Oil-Based Magnetorheological Grease
Authors: Zhang Hansong , Hu Zhide. , Zhao Hujun , Wang Dawei , Lei Yulong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influences of saponification time on the physical properties of mineral oil-based magnetorheological greases(MRGs). Three types of mineral oil-based MRG were prepared by applying different saponification time in this work. Then the physical properties, thermal stability and colloidal performance were tested. Besides, the micro-morphology was observed to analyze the microstructures of MRGs. The experimental results prove the formation of entanglement soap fibers micro-network. The oil separation on pressure and worked penetration of MRG decrease with the increase of saponification time, while the centrifugal stability becomes better. DSC-TG-DTG tests exhibit three endothermic peaks and reveal a double-stage thermal decomposition process. It also indicates that the MRG under 2 hours saponification has the smallest thermal decomposition and highest decomposition temperature, which demonstrates a good thermal stability.
Research on ultra-high cycle fatigue performance and reliability life analysis of TC4 by laser shock peening
Authors: Wang Bohan , Cheng Li , Wu Yuhang , Ding Junliang , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ultra-high cycle fatigue performance of TC4 titanium alloy specimens under different laser power densities was carried out by an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. The fatigue fracture mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the reliability of ultra-high cycle fatigue life was analyzed. The results show that the specimen fatigue performance is obviously improved after laser shock peening, and the fatigue fracture surface shows a transgranular quasi-cleavage cracking mode with facets on the surface or subsurface, corresponding to high cycle fatigue and ultra-high cycle fatigue, respectively. At the same time, the position of the crack origin zone shifts sideways. The ultra-high cycle fatigue life obeys both lognormal distribution and three-parameter Weibull distribution, and the influence of reliability and confidence on reliability life depends on the sensitivity of unilateral tolerance confidence factor to both. According to the p-γ-S-N fitting curves, it was concluded that the fatigue life is higher and the scatter is smaller under the power density of 3.42 GW/cm2, so it is the best impact parameter.
Analysis on the flow field of straddle monorail train gear box
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Xu Honghai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Taking the gearbox of straddle monorail train as the research object, reasonable simplification of the geometric structure of the gearbox. Based on incompressible gas-liquid two-phase flow in gearbox, the overlapping grid technology in STAR-CCM+ software is used to solve the internal flow field of the gearbox. The effects of gear forward rotation and initial oil injection on the mass flow rate of lubricating oil in each bearing inlet/return hole in the gearbox are studied and analyzed. The results show that: with the increase of the initial oil injection rate, the mass flow rate of the oil inlet hole of each bearing increases; The positive and reverse rotation has a great influence on the mass flow rate of lubricating oil in each bearing intake hole. In the case of the same amount of oil injection, the mass flow rate of each intake hole in forward rotation is larger than that in reverse condition. The results of this research provide a theoretical basis for the detailed structure design and improvement of lubricating oil runner in gearbox.
Construction of Three-dimensional Co-continuous Composites with Controllable Volume Fraction
Authors: Han Huimin , Zhou Han , Zhou Jingwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Efficient and low-cost manufacturing methods and adjustable properties are an important way to further promote the application of co-continuous composites. In this paper, a three-dimensional co-continuous composites model with controllable volume fraction is designed. The model uses triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) as the internal structure and spatial segmentation strategy to accurately control the volume proportion of each phase, which enriches the three-dimensional modeling method of co-continuous composites and provides new ideas and methods for the wide application of co-continuous composites with adjustable characteristics. Finally, samples are manufactured through efficient and low-cost 3D printing technology.
Metallization of Through-Silicon-Via in 2.5D Interposers by Cold Plasma Jet
Authors: Zeng Wanshu , Yu Yao , Xia Weisheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We proposed a cold capacitively-coupled-plasma jet method to deposit the seed layer in the inner wall of Through-silicon-vias (TSVs) directly. Comparison experiments were carried out to optimize the process parameters. The testing results were discussed and proved the potential application of this technique in the metallization of TSVs in 2.5D integration technology.
Simulation Calculation of Strip Descaling Based on Birth-Death Element Method
Authors: Wang Shang , Zhao Jianwei , He Hainan , Wang Xiaochen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to more accurately simulate the descaling process, a three-dimensional finite element model is established by ABAQUS based on the birth-death element method (BDEM). The model simulation results show that with the help of BDEM decision rules, the scale layer elements are continually deleted after reaching the failure threshold, and descaling process is accurately simulated. The maximum Mises stress at different times shows the law of random fluctuation, which is consistent with the working principle of BDEM. Increasing the number of iterations of the model and refining the local mesh can improve simulation effect of the model, but it will also increase the total amount of operation and total operation time.
Static and modal analysis of industrial robots
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Liu Chao , Zhang Benshun , Chen Yiming , Zhao Sibo , Li Chengdong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As an important automation equipment in contemporary manufacturing industry, 5-axis industrial robot is an important part of automated production. It improves the quality of work and production efficiency, reduces the workload of workers and lowers production costs. The development of industrial robots has a profound impact on China’s goal of being among the world’s manufacturing powerhouses in the first half of the 21st century. This paper presents a finite element analysis of the overall system of a five-axis intelligent robot for industrial use. The main focus is on optimizing the mechanical structure of the five-axis intelligent robot for industrial use, and the external structure of the key support components of the robot is simplified to create the model. Hazardous stress states were selected for the system analysis, a static analysis was implemented for each component to obtain the displacement and stresses corresponding to them, the maximum deformation of the key parts of the robot was obtained, and finally its stiffness was evaluated. Then the modal analysis is performed on this robot model, and the modal vibration clouds of the first 6 orders are selected to study the vibration patterns to obtain the corresponding frequencies, which provides data support for the robot to avoid working at resonant frequencies and provides a theoretical basis for improving its overall structure.
Research on cloud service selection based on rough set theory
Authors: Zhou Kaijun , Wang Qian , Gu Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cloud manufacturing adopts contemporary information cutting-edge technologies including advanced concepts such as cloud computing to support the manufacturing industry. Under a wide range of network resource manufacturing environments, it can add high value-added products, reduce costs, and meet globalization. The optimization of cloud manufacturing services is based on the attributes of cloud manufacturing services as evaluation indicators, and corresponding optimization strategies are formulated to ensure the selection process of manufacturing services. Taking into account the uncertainty of cloud service, rough set is used to assign the weight to each evaluation index and furthermore solve the cloud manufacturing service selection. Finally, an example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The performance of a new Kuraray wavelength shifting fiber YS-2
Authors: Alekseev I. , Danilov M. , Rusinov V. , Samigullin E. , Svirida D. , Tarkovsy E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wavelength shifting fibers are widely used for light
collection from scintillation counters, which allow connection of
various scintillation planes to relatively small photocathodes of
photodetectors and especially tiny photocathodes of silicon
photo-multipliers. In October 2020 Kuraray announced production of
a new branch of faster fibers. We performed a comparison of the new
fiber YS-2 to a mature Y-11. The fiber YS-2 demonstrated decay time
nearly two times shorter than that of Y-11: ≈4.0 ns versus
≈7.4 ns. At the same time its light yield and attenuation
length are as good as of Y-11, which makes YS-2 a good choice for
timing scintillation detectors.
The future distribution of wetland birds breeding in Europe validated against observed changes in distribution
Authors: Soultan Alaaeldin , Pavón-Jordán Diego , Bradter Ute , Sandercock Brett K , Hochachka Wesley M , Johnston Alison , Brommer Jon , Gaget Elie , Keller Verena , Knaus Peter , Aghababyan Karen , Maxhuni Qenan , Vintchevski Alexandre , Nagy Károly , Raudonikis Liutauras , Balmer Dawn , Noble David , Leitão Domingos , Øien Ingar Jostein , Shimmings Paul , Sultanov Elchin , Caffrey Brian , Boyla Kerem , Radišić Dimitrije , Lindström Åke , Velevski Metodija , Pladevall Clara , Brotons Lluís , Karel Šťastný , Rajković Draženko Z , Chodkiewicz Tomasz , Wilk Tomasz , Szép Tibor , van Turnhout Chris , Foppen Ruud , Burfield Ian , Vikstrøm Thomas , Mazal Vlatka Dumbović , Eaton Mark , Vorisek Petr , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Herrando Sergi , Kuzmenko Tatiana , Bauer Hans-Günther , Kalyakin Mikhail V , Voltzit Olga V , Sjeničić Jovica , Pärt Tomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Wetland bird species have been declining in population size worldwide as climate warming and land-use change affect their suitable habitats. We used species distribution models (SDMs) to predict changes in range dynamics for 64 non-passerine wetland birds breeding in Europe, including range size, position of centroid, and margins. We fitted the SDMs with data collected for the first European Breeding Bird Atlas and climate and land-use data to predict distributional changes over a century (the 1970s–2070s). The predicted annual changes were then compared to observed annual changes in range size and range centroid over a time period of 30 years using data from the second European Breeding Bird Atlas. Our models successfully predicted ca. 75% of the 64 bird species to contract their breeding range in the future, while the remaining species (mostly southerly breeding species) were predicted to expand their breeding ranges northward. The northern margins of southerly species and southern margins of northerly species, both, predicted to shift northward. Predicted changes in range size and shifts in range centroids were broadly positively associated with the observed changes, although some species deviated markedly from the predictions. The predicted average shift in core distributions was ca. 5 km yr−1 towards the north (5% northeast, 45% north, and 40% northwest), compared to a slower observed average shift of ca. 3.9 km yr−1. Predicted changes in range centroids were generally larger than observed changes, which suggests that bird distribution changes may lag behind environmental changes leading to ‘climate debt’. We suggest that predictions of SDMs should be viewed as qualitative rather than quantitative outcomes, indicating that care should be taken concerning single species. Still, our results highlight the urgent need for management actions such as wetland creation and restoration to improve wetland birds’ resilience to the expected environmental changes in the future.
Plausible 2005–2050 emissions scenarios project between 2 °C and 3 °C of warming by 2100
Authors: Pielke Jr Roger , Burgess Matthew G , Ritchie Justin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Emissions scenarios used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are central to climate change research and policy. Here, we identify subsets of scenarios of the IPCC’s 5th (AR5) and forthcoming 6th (AR6) Assessment Reports, including the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios, that project 2005–2050 fossil-fuel-and-industry (FFI) CO2 emissions growth rates most consistent with observations from 2005 to 2020 and International Energy Agency (IEA) projections to 2050. These scenarios project between 2 °C and 3 °C of warming by 2100, with a median of 2.2 °C. The subset of plausible IPCC scenarios does not represent all possible trajectories of future emissions and warming. Collectively, they project continued mitigation progress and suggest the world is presently on a lower emissions trajectory than is often assumed. However, these scenarios also indicate that the world is still off track from limiting 21st-century warming to 1.5 °C or below 2 °C.
An optical pascal in Sweden
Authors: Forssén C , Silander I , Zakrisson J , Zelan M , Axner O 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By measuring the refractivity and the temperature of a gas, its pressure can be assessed from fundamental principles. The highest performing instruments are based on Fabry–Perot cavities where a laser is used to probe the frequency of a cavity mode, which is shifted in relation to the refractivity of the gas in the cavity. Recent activities have indicated that such systems can demonstrate an extended uncertainty in the 10 ppm (parts-per-million or 10−6) range. As a means to reduce the influence of various types of disturbances (primarily drifts and fluctuations) a methodology based on modulation, denoted gas modulation refractometry (GAMOR), has recently been developed. Systems based on this methodology are in general high-performance, e.g. they have demonstrated precision in the sub-ppm range, and they are sturdy. They can also be made autonomous, allowing for automated and unattended operation for virtually infinite periods of time. To a large degree, the development of such instruments depends on the access to modern photonic components, e.g. narrow line-width lasers, electro- and acousto-optic components, and various types of fiber components. This work highlights the role of such modern devices in GAMOR-based instrumentation and provides a review on the recent development of such instruments in Sweden that has been carried out in a close collaboration between a research institute and the Academy. It is shown that the use of state-of-the-art photonic devices allows sturdy, automated and miniaturized instrumentation that, for the benefit of industry, can serve as standards for pressure and provide fast, unattended, and calibration-free pressure assessments at a fraction of the present cost.
Dynamic characteristics of multi-arc thermal plasma in four types of electrode configurations
Authors: ZHAO Yanjun , NI Guohua , LIU Wei , SUN Hongmei , SUI Siyuan , LI Dongdong , ZHENG Huan , MA Zhongyang , ZHANG Chi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The enhanced volume of thermal plasma is produced by a multi-arc thermal plasma generator with three pairs of discharge electrodes driven by three directed current power suppliers. Combined with a high-speed camera and an oscilloscope, which acquire optical and electric signals synchronously, the dynamic behavior of different kinds of multi-arc discharge adjusted by the electrode arrangement is investigated. Also, the spatial distributions and instability of the arc discharge are analyzed in four electrode configurations using the gray value statistical method. It is found that the cathodic arcs mainly show a contracting state, while the anodic arcs have a trend of transition from shrinkage to a diffusion-like state with the increase of the discharge current. As a result of the adjustment of the electrode configuration, a high temperature region formed in the center of the discharge region in configurations of adjacent electrodes with opposite flow distribution and opposite electrodes with swirl flow distribution due to severe fluctuation of arcs. The discharge voltage rises with increased discharge current in this novel multi-arc plasma generator. It is also found that anode ablation mainly occurs on the conical surface at the copper electrode tip, while cathode erosion mainly occurs on the surface of the inserted tungsten and the nearby copper.
‘The worse my hearing got, the less sociable I got’: a qualitative study of patient and professional views of the management of social isolation and hearing loss
Authors: Heffernan Eithne , Withanachchi Christine M , Ferguson Melanie A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Social isolation is a major consequence of hearing loss. It includes an objective component (e.g. small social network) and a subjective component (e.g. loneliness).

Objective
To examine the perspectives of key stakeholders regarding (i) the relationship between hearing loss and social isolation and (ii) interventions to address hearing loss and social isolation.

Design
A phenomenological qualitative study.

Setting
A UK research centre with a role to engage patients and clinicians.

Participants
Hearing healthcare professionals (n = 7) and adults with hearing loss (n = 6) were recruited via maximum variation sampling.

Methods
Individual (n = 3) and group (n = 3) semi-structured interviews were conducted. Inductive thematic analysis was performed.

Results
Five themes were identified. Theme 1 (experience of isolation and hearing loss): hearing loss can cause people to feel disconnected at social events or to cease attending them. Theme 2 (complexity of isolation and hearing loss): the various causes of isolation (e.g. hearing loss, retirement, comorbidities) are difficult to disentangle. Theme 3 (downstream effects of isolation and hearing loss): hearing loss and/or isolation can lead to mental health problems, stigmatisation, fatigue and unemployment. Theme 4 (preferred components of an isolation intervention): an isolation intervention should be patient-led and patient-centred and take place in the community. Theme 5 (challenges to implementing an isolation intervention): barriers to implementing an isolation intervention include a lack of time, training and continuity.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that social isolation arising from hearing loss is a substantial, complex problem and provided novel insights on implementing an intervention to address this issue.