bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics and thermodynamic stability of potential Fe(II)‐hexa‐aza‐active sites for O2 reduction in PEM fuel cells
Authors: Glibin Vassili P. , Dodelet Jean‐Pol , Zhang Gaixia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present here a thermodynamic assessment of the stability behavior in acid environment at 298 and 353 K (80°C) of two iron (II) hexa‐aza‐macrocyclic complexes and of an hexa‐aza‐iron‐based site (FeIIN(4+2)/C) that should potentially be active for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The calculations of the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the demetallation reaction indicate that the iron (II)‐hexa‐aza‐macrocyclic complexes and FeIIN(4+2)/C are chemically stable in an acid medium at 298 and 353 K. Compared with two other potential model sites (FeIIN4/C and FeIIN(2+2)/C) that were thought to be present in the same Fe‐based catalysts, Kc of FeIIN(4+2)/C is two to three orders of magnitude smaller at 353 K, and three to four orders of magnitude smaller at 298 K, than Kc for FeIIN4/C or FeIIN(2+2)/C, revealing the great chemical stability of FeIIN(4+2)/C. In this work, we discuss about a novel proposition that the two catalytic sites active in these Fe‐based catalysts are FeIIN4/C and FeIIN(4+2)/C. This proposition is in agreement with the durability behavior of these catalysts in PEM fuel cells and also with their known physico‐chemical characterizations. The origin of the fast and slow decay behaviors of the different sites, which are active at the Fe–N–C‐based cathode of PEM fuel cells, is also discussed.
Jumping Through Hoops in the Canadian Immigration System: A Critical View of the Immigrant's Journey to Citizenship
Authors: Arias Angel , Vessey Rachelle , Sheyholislami Jaffer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLanguage assessment for citizenship is a ubiquitous enforced and enacted policy in several developed countries (e.g., Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the Netherlands, to name a few). In this regard, language testers have expressly argued that this practice enacts injustice for and adds hurdles to marginalized immigrant groups (McNamara & Shohamy, 2009; Shohamy, 2009). Nevertheless, language proficiency tests remain a critical, high‐stakes criterion in evaluating immigrants' permanent residence and naturalization applications. To this end, language tests used for immigration and citizenship purposes are often aligned with widely recognized language frameworks such as the Canadian Language Benchmarks (Chen & Flasko, 2020) and the Common European Framework of Reference (Lim, Geranpayeh, Khalifa, & Buckendahl, 2013). In turn, these alignment studies idealize, in subtle ways, new Canadians with language proficiency requirements that would make them worthy of permanent residence or citizenship. Knowledge of society tests plays an essential role in immigrants' journey to citizenship and can also be considered tests of reading proficiency. This study focuses on the enacted Canadian language policy for prospective immigrants and citizens, adopting a corpus‐assisted discourse analytic approach (Taylor & Marchi, 2018) to the study guide for the Canadian citizenship test (Discover Canada: The rights and responsibilities of citizenship).A primary focus is examining how official and nonofficial languages are represented within this document. The findings highlight some of the problematic assumptions that underpin the use of monolingual constructs in tests encountered in the journey to permanent residence and Canadian citizenship.
Quantifying use in a community garden program with extensive resource provision to gardeners
Authors: Niedzwiecki Alexandra , Kates Norah , Brown Sally , McIvor Kristen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHarvest Pierce County (HPC) is a new community garden program in Tacoma and Pierce County, WA, managed as a nonprofit with extensive municipal involvement. The program manages approximately 80 gardens. Each garden is provided with access to land, soil testing, clean soil and compost, water, education, and guidance for gardeners, thus effectively eliminating common obstacles to successful cultivation in urban areas. We conducted a survey of gardens within the HPC program to quantify the number and size of plots within each garden and to qualitatively assess intensity of use. Internal (donation history, age, plot and garden size, and number of plots) and external factors (population density, racial diversity, income) based on the neighborhoods surrounding the gardens were evaluated to assess their potential association with use intensity. We surveyed 66 gardens containing 1,960 plots. The mean number of plots per garden was 32 ± 20.2 with each plot having a mean area of 25.6 m2. On a scale of 0 to 3, mean use intensity was 2.26 ± 0.55. Larger gardens (p< .085) and larger plots (p< .02) are used more intensively than smaller gardens and smaller plots. Gardens were well distributed across income, population density, and racial identification. Overall gardens are well‐used across the program. For this program, providing the requisite materials and information for gardens has resulted in a program that is inclusive and is likely to provide a range of benefits for participants.
Prediction of perinatal survival in early‐onset fetal growth restriction: role of placental growth factor
Authors: Rodríguez‐Calvo J. , Villalaín C. , Gómez‐Arriaga P. I. , Quezada M. S. , Herraiz I. , Galindo A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze the ability to predict perinatal survival and severe neonatal morbidity of cases with early‐onset fetal growth restriction (eoFGR) using maternal variables, ultrasound parameters and angiogenic markers at the time of diagnosis.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in a cohort of singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of eoFGR (< 32 weeks of gestation). At diagnosis of eoFGR, complete assessment was performed, including ultrasound examination (anatomy, biometry and Doppler assessment) and maternal serum measurement of the angiogenic biomarkers, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). Logistic regression models for the prediction of perinatal survival (in cases diagnosed at < 28 weeks) and severe neonatal morbidity (in all liveborn cases) were calculated.ResultsIn total, 210 eoFGR cases were included, of which 185 (88.1%) survived perinatally. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 27 + 0 weeks. All cases diagnosed at ≥ 28 weeks survived. In cases diagnosed < 28 weeks, survivors (vs non‐survivors) had a higher gestational age (26.1 vs 24.4 weeks), estimated fetal weight (EFW; 626 vs 384 g), cerebroplacental ratio (1.1 vs 0.9), PlGF (41 vs 18 pg/mL) and PlGF multiples of the median (MoM; 0.10 vs 0.06) and lower sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio (129 vs 479) at the time of diagnosis (all P < 0.001). The best combination of two variables for predicting perinatal survival was provided by EFW and PlGF MoM (area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.75–0.92)). These were also the best variables for predicting severe neonatal morbidity (AUC, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66–0.80)).ConclusionsA model combining EFW and maternal serum PlGF predicts accurately perinatal survival in eoFGR cases diagnosed before 28 weeks of gestation. Prenatal prediction of severe neonatal morbidity in eoFGR cases is modest regardless of the model used. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Uterine junctional zone and adenomyosis: comparison of MRI, transvaginal ultrasound and histology
Authors: Harmsen M. J. , Trommelen L. M. , de Leeuw R. A. , Tellum T. , Juffermans L. J. M. , Griffioen A. W. , Thomassin‐Naggara I. , Van den Bosch T. , Huirne J. A. F. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe uterine junctional zone is the subendometrial area in the myometrium that contributes to peristalsis and aids in spermatozoa and blastocyst transport. Alterations in the appearance of the junctional zone on transvaginal sonography (TVS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with adenomyosis. The lack of standardization of description of its appearance and ill‐defined boundaries on both histology and imaging hamper understanding of the junctional zone and limit its role in the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The objectives of this review were to investigate the accordance in definition of the junctional zone across different diagnostic approaches and to examine how imaging findings can be linked to histological findings in the context of diagnosis of adenomyosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted of articles describing the appearance on imaging and the histological structure of the uterine junctional zone. Our review suggests that the junctional zone is distinguished from the middle and outer myometrium by gradual changes in smooth‐muscle cell density, extracellular space, connective tissue, water content and vascular properties. However, while the signal intensity from the junctional zone to the middle myometrium changes abruptly on MRI, the histopathological changes are gradual and its border may be difficult or impossible to distinguish on two‐dimensional TVS. Moreover, the thickness of the junctional zone measured on MRI is larger than that measured on TVS. Thus, these two imaging modalities reflect this zone differently. Although a thickened junctional zone is often used to diagnose adenomyosis on MRI, the presence of adenomyosis can be described more accurately as interruptions of the junctional zone by endometrial tissue, which leads to direct signs on imaging such as subendometrial lines and buds on two‐ and three‐dimensional TVS or bright foci on MRI. The histopathological criteria for diagnosis are based on enlargement of the uterus with severe adenomyosis, and might not reflect its early stages. Clinicians should be aware that findings on MRI cannot be extrapolated readily to ultrasound. An understanding of this is necessary when investigating the uterine junctional zone as a functional unit and the association between visualization of direct features of adenomyosis in the junctional zone and clinical symptoms. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Effect of alkaline treatment on physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of jute filler reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Mahakur Vijay Kumar , Bhowmik Sumit , Patowari Promod Kumar , Kumar Santosh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith burgeoning environmental concerns worldwide, using natural fibers/fillers to produce composites rather than conventional fibers is on the rise. The current work focuses on the physical and thermomechanical characteristics of alkaline‐treated jute filler‐based epoxy composites. The composites have been prepared with different weight fraction of jute fillers (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%) using hand layup process. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis observed that the alkali treatment of jute fillers improved the crystallinity and molecular structure, enhancing the interfacial and molecular bond between fillers and matrix. The mechanical characterizations of developed composites analyzed that the inclusion of treated jute fillers strengthened the tensile and flexural properties. The 5% filler‐based composites have demonstrated maximum tensile strength (54.06 MPa) and modulus (3.12 GPa) with maximum flexural strength (67.55 MPa) and modulus (3.90 GPa). The viscoelastic characteristics of composites revealed that the 7.5% filler‐based composite has the highest storage modulus (3.75 GPa), loss modulus (0.496 GPa), and glass transition temperature (91°C) due to greater interfacial interactions of molecules. The weight loss and degradation of composites analyzed with thermogravimetric analysis, and observed better thermal stability with treated jute fillers. The morphological analysis at fracture surfaces analyzed the brittle catastrophic failure of composites. Therefore, the finding produced better specific strength and stiffness with greater thermal stability for electronics equipment, packaging, and transportation.
Decay of solutions for strain gradient mixtures
Authors: Magaña Antonio , Magaña Marc , Quintanilla Ramon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study antiplane shear deformations for isotropic and homogeneous strain gradient mixtures of the Kelvin‐Voigt type in a cylinder. Our aim is to analyze the behaviour of the solutions with respect to the time variable when a dissipative structural mechanism is considered. We study three different cases, each at a time. For each case we prove existence and uniqueness of solutions. We obtain the exponential decay of the solutions in the hyperviscosity and viscosity cases. Exponential decay is also expected when the dissipation is generated by the relative velocity (in the generic case, although a particular combination of the constitutive parameters leads to slow decay). These results are proved with the help of the theory of semigroups.
Light sterile neutrinos, left-right symmetry, and 0νββ decay
Authors: de Vries Jordy , Li Gang , Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. , Vasquez Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay rates in minimal left-right symmetric models in presence of relatively light right-handed neutrinos. By use of an effective field theory approach, we systematically include all contributions in the model as well as the dependence of the decay amplitude on the masses of right-handed neutrinos. In type-I and type-II seesaw scenarios, we analyze the impact of right-handed neutrinos heavier than about 10 MeV, showing that this effect can lead to a detection of 0νββ decay in the next-generation experiments even for the normal hierarchy and a relatively large right-handed scale set by the mass of hypothetical right-handed gauge bosons. Finally, we comment on a possible connection between light right-handed neutrinos and the strong CP problem.
Simultaneous optimisation of support structure regions and part topology for additive manufacturing
Authors: Daynes Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupport structures are required to enable the build of additively manufactured parts. The supports reinforce overhanging regions on the part and/or counteract the thermally-induced residual stresses generated during printing. However, the optimal design of the part for its intended use case is decoupled from the design of the support structures in a conventional design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) workflow. In this work, a novel methodology is presented that simultaneously optimises the part topology and its support structure regions. A two-model topology optimisation approach is considered. One model describes the combined part and support structure regions subject to a pseudo-gravity load and a second model describes the part subject to its intended application load cases. A novel load-aligned trunk and branch support structure is generated from the topology optimisation results. Generating the fine support features in a post-processing step avoids the computational expense of topology optimising the intricate supports directly. Thermo-mechanical simulations of a selective laser melting process confirms that this new approach to optimising support structures can reduce manufacturing process-induced deformation when benchmarked against a conventional DfAM workflow.
The evolution of owner-entrepreneurs’ taxation: five tax regimes over a 160-year period
Authors: Elert Niklas , Johansson Dan , Stenkula Mikael , Wykman Niklas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe institutional literature suggests that long-term tax incentives are crucial for entrepreneurs, but studies on this topic are hampered by problems related to how to define and measure entrepreneurial income. We resolve these problems by drawing on a theoretical definition of the entrepreneur as an owner, which enables us to identify entrepreneurship empirically by means of investments made by active owners of closely held corporations. Using detailed Swedish tax data, we analyze the tax incentives for such owner-entrepreneur investments from 1862 to 2018, thereby highlighting the evolution of a general institutional phenomenon through a long-run, in-depth, country-specific analysis. We calculate the annual marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital income for investments, distinguishing between average- and top-income entrepreneurs, and between three sources of finance. We identify five tax regimes that indicate substantial differences in institutional quality over time according to the magnitude of the METR and METR differences between average- and top-income entrepreneurs and across sources of finance. Growth-conducive tax incentives shed light on why so many successful entrepreneurial firms were founded in Sweden around 1900, whereas increased taxation helps explain the absence of new large entrepreneurial firms in Sweden after World War II. Improved incentives can be associated with Sweden’s recent entrepreneurial renaissance.
Maximally Twisted Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity
Authors: Eager Richard , Hahner Fabian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe perform the maximal twist of eleven-dimensional supergravity. This twist is partially topological and exists on manifolds of$$G_2 \times SU(2)$$G2×SU(2)holonomy. Our derivation starts with an explicit description of the Batalin–Vilkovisky complex associated to the three-form multiplet in the pure spinor superfield formalism. We then determine the$$L_\infty $$L∞module structure of the supersymmetry algebra on the component fields. We twist the theory by modifying the differential of the Batalin–Vilkovisky complex to incorporate the action of a scalar supercharge. We find that the resulting free twisted theory is given by the tensor product of the de Rham and Dolbeault complexes of the respective$$G_2$$G2andSU(2) holonomy manifolds as conjectured by Costello.
Szegő Type Asymptotics for the Reproducing Kernel in Spaces of Full-Plane Weighted Polynomials
Authors: Ameur Yacin , Cronvall Joakim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsider the subspace $${{{\mathscr {W}}}_{n}}$$

W
n

of $$L^2({{\mathbb {C}}},dA)$$

L
2

(
C
,
d
A
)

consisting of all weighted polynomials $$W(z)=P(z)\cdot e^{-\frac{1}{2}nQ(z)},$$

W

(
z
)

=
P

(
z
)

·

e

-

1
2

n
Q

(
z
)

,

where P(z) is a holomorphic polynomial of degree at most $$n-1$$

n
-
1

, $$Q(z)=Q(z,{\bar{z}})$$

Q
(
z
)
=
Q
(
z
,

z

¯

)

is a fixed, real-valued function called the “external potential”, and $$dA=\tfrac{1}{2\pi i}\, d{\bar{z}}\wedge dz$$

d
A
=

1

2
π
i

d

z

¯

∧
d
z

is normalized Lebesgue measure in the complex plane $${{\mathbb {C}}}$$
C
. We study large n asymptotics for the reproducing kernel $$K_n(z,w)$$

K
n

(
z
,
w
)

of $${{\mathscr {W}}}_n$$

W
n

; this depends crucially on the position of the points z and w relative to the droplet S, i.e., the support of Frostman’s equilibrium measure in external potential Q. We mainly focus on the case when both z and w are in or near the component U of $$\hat{{{\mathbb {C}}}}\setminus S$$

C
^

\
S

containing $$\infty $$
∞
, leaving aside such cases which are at this point well-understood. For the Ginibre kernel, corresponding to $$Q=|z|^2$$

Q
=

|
z
|

2

, we find an asymptotic formula after examination of classical work due to G. Szegő. Properly interpreted, the formula turns out to generalize to a large class of potentials Q(z); this is what we call “Szegő type asymptotics”. Our derivation in the general case uses the theory of approximate full-plane orthogonal polynomials instigated by Hedenmalm and Wennman, but with nontrivial additions, notably a technique involving “tail-kernel approximation” and summing by parts. In the off-diagonal case $$z\ne w$$

z
≠
w

when both z and w are on the boundary $${\partial }U$$

∂
U

, we obtain that up to unimportant factors (cocycles) the correlations obey the asymptotic $$\begin{aligned} K_n(z,w)\sim \sqrt{2\pi n}\,\Delta Q(z)^{\frac{1}{4}}\,\Delta Q(w)^{\frac{1}{4}}\,S(z,w) \end{aligned}$$

K
n

(
z
,
w
)

∼

2
π
n

Δ
Q

(
z
)

1
4

Δ
Q

(
w
)

1
4

S

(
z
,
w
)

where S(z, w) is the Szegő kernel, i.e., the reproducing kernel for the Hardy space $$H^2_0(U)$$

H
0
2

(
U
)

of analytic functions on U vanishing at infinity, equipped with the norm of $$L^2({\partial }U,|dz|)$$

L
2

(
∂
U
,
|
d
z
|
)

. Among other things, this gives a rigorous description of the slow decay of correlations at the boundary, which was predicted by Forrester and Jancovici in 1996, in the context of elliptic Ginibre ensembles.
Tapping on a target: dealing with uncertainty about its position and motion
Authors: Brenner Eli , de la Malla Cristina , Smeets Jeroen B. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReaching movements are guided by estimates of the target object’s location. Since the precision of instantaneous estimates is limited, one might accumulate visual information over time. However, if the object is not stationary, accumulating information can bias the estimate. How do people deal with this trade-off between improving precision and reducing the bias? To find out, we asked participants to tap on targets. The targets were stationary or moving, with jitter added to their positions. By analysing the response to the jitter, we show that people continuously use the latest available information about the target’s position. When the target is moving, they combine this instantaneous target position with an extrapolation based on the target’s average velocity during the last several hundred milliseconds. This strategy leads to a bias if the target’s velocity changes systematically. Having people tap on accelerating targets showed that the bias that results from ignoring systematic changes in velocity is removed by compensating for endpoint errors if such errors are consistent across trials. We conclude that combining simple continuous updating of visual information with the low-pass filter characteristics of muscles, and adjusting movements to compensate for errors made in previous trials, leads to the precise and accurate human goal-directed movements.
Expansions of tumor-reactive Vdelta1 gamma-delta T cells in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Knight Andrea , Piskacek Martin , Jurajda Michal , Prochazkova Jirina , Racil Zdenek , Zackova Daniela , Mayer Jiri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent studies have underscored the importance of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in mediating potent MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity in numerous malignancies. Here, we analyzed Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients (n = 40) who had initiated tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy including imatinib (n = 22), nilotinib (n = 14) and dasatinib (n = 4). Patient peripheral blood samples were analyzed at diagnosis and monitored prospectively at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-TKI. γδ T cells isolated from healthy donors and CML patients were used against K562, LAMA-84 and KYO-1 cell lines and against primary CML cells in cytotoxicity assays. We found large expansions of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells in patients at diagnosis compared to age-matched healthy donors (n = 40) (p < 0.0001). The γδ T cell reconstitution in patients on imatinib and also on nilotinib showed significant reductions of Vδ1 T cell and Vδ2 T cell absolute counts at 3 months compared to diagnosis. Importantly, Vδ1 and Vδ2 T absolute cell counts remained at normal levels from 3 months throughout the follow-up. Next, we observed susceptibility to specific lysis of primary CML tumor cells by Vδ1 T cells from healthy donors. Furthermore, we determined inherent cytotoxic reactivity by autologous patients’ Vδ1 T lymphocytes against primary CML tumor cells. Finally, the TCR clonality profiles showed in CML patients mostly polyclonal repertoires regardless of the TKI. Our results provide further evidence into γδ T cell antileukemia immunity in CML that might be beneficial for long-term disease control and treatment outcome.