bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immunopathology of B lymphocytes during stroke-induced injury and repair
Authors: Malone Mary K. , Ujas Thomas A. , Britsch Daimen R. S. , Cotter Katherine M. , Poinsatte Katie , Stowe Ann M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractB cells, also known as B lymphocytes or lymphoid lineage cells, are a historically understudied cell population with regard to brain-related injuries and diseases. However, an increasing number of publications have begun to elucidate the different phenotypes and roles B cells can undertake during central nervous system (CNS) pathology, including following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. B cell phenotype is intrinsically linked to function following stroke, as they may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the subset, timing, and microenvironment. Factors such as age, sex, and presence of co-morbidity also influence the behavior of post-stroke B cells. The following review will briefly describe B cells from origination to senescence, explore B cell function by integrating decades of stroke research, differentiate between the known B cell subtypes and their respective activity, discuss some of the physiological influences on B cells as well as the influence of B cells on certain physiological functions, and highlight the differences between B cells in healthy and disease states with particular emphasis in the context of ischemic stroke.
Loculated hydrocephalus: is neuroendoscopy effective and safe? A 90 patients’ case series and literature review
Authors: Noris Alice , Giordano Flavio , Peraio Simone , Lenge Matteo , Mura Regina , Macconi Letizia , Barzaghi Raffaella , Genitori Lorenzo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Loculated hydrocephalus is a complex condition in which different non-communicating compartments form within the ventricular system due to different etiology, mainly intraventricular hemorrhage and infection. Since the end of the twentieth century, neuroendoscopy has been explored as a therapeutic option for loculated hydrocephalus with non-univocal results.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 90 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for loculated hydrocephalus from January 1997 to January 2021 (mean age: 2 years, range 7–21). We included 37 (41.1%) children with multiloculated hydrocephalus, 37 (41.1%) with isolated lateral ventricle, 13 (14.4%) with excluded temporal horn, and 3 (3.3%) with isolated fourth ventricle. We compared our results with those available in literature.

Results
A mean of 1.91 endoscopic procedure/patient were performed (only one endoscopy in 42.2% of cases). Complications of neuroendoscopy and of shunt surgeries were recorded in 17 (18.9%) and 52 (57.8%) children, respectively. Twenty-six (28.9%) children were shunt-free at the last follow-up, 47.8% have only one shunt.

Discussion
The first goal of neuroendoscopy is to increase the rate of shunt-free patients but, when it is not possible, it aims at simplifying shunt system and reducing the number of surgical procedures. In our series, neuroendoscopy was able to achieve both these goals with an acceptable complication rate. Thus, our results confirmed neuroendoscopy as a valid tool in the long-term management of loculated hydrocephalus. Neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound could increase the success rate in cases with distorted anatomy.
Proximal hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is associated with increased risk of asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular thrombectomy: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kang Zhiming , Wu Lishuo , Sun Dong , Zhou Gang , Wu Xiangbo , Qiu Han , Mei Bin , Zhang Junjian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate whether hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on pretreatment no-contrast CT (NCCT) is associated with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Methods
Patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion who received EVT in three comprehensive hospitals were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of HMCAS and corresponding CTA findings, among whom differences were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between HMCAS and HT and its subtypes.

Results
318 patients were included, among whom 149 (46.9%) had HMCAS. Patients in the proximal positive HMCAS group had higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores and lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) than those in the proximal negative HMCAS group. The rate of HT was higher in the proximal positive HMCAS group than that in the proximal negative HMCAS group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the proximal HMCAS were independently associated with HT (adjusted OR = 2.073, 95% CI 1.211–3.551, p = 0.008) and aHT (adjusted OR = 2.271, 95% CI 1.294–3.986, p = 0.004), but not with sHT. Patients who developed HT, including aHT and sHT, had a lower rate of good outcome.

Conclusion
Proximal HMCAS on initial NCCT was independently associated with aHT in patients who received EVT for acute MCA occlusion. Both aHT and sHT had a detrimental effect on clinical outcome.
Is small for gestational age status independently correlated with body composition during childhood?
Authors: Balomenou Foteini , Rallis Dimitrios , Evangelou Filippos , Zisi Anna , Balomenou Kalliopi , Tsekas Nikolaos , Tzoufi Meropi , Siomou Ekaterini , Giapros Vasileios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine if small for gestation age (SGA) status is correlated with alterations in body composition at prepuberty, independently of other factors, comparing SGA-born children with appropriate for gestational age (AGA)-born children. We examined anthropometrics, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), six skinfold thickness, and body composition using the method of bioelectrical impedance in 636 children aged 7 to 10 years. We also considered age, gender, birth mode, mother’s age, prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, social status, parental BMI, type of feeding, and daily exercise. We examined 636 children at a mean age of 9 years: 106 SGA-born and 530 AGA-born children. SGA as compared to AGA-born children had a lower BMI z-score (0.26 ± 0.89 kg/cm2 vs 0.46 ± 0.84 kg/cm2, p < 0.050) and a lower lean mass, although that was not statistically significant (24.0 ± 6.6 kg vs 25.6 ± 6.4 kg, p < 0.100). SGA-born children presented no difference in waist circumference or fat mass in comparison to children born AGA. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong independent negative association between SGA status and BMI (beta =  − 2.33, OR = 0.70 p = 0.019) and SGA status and lean mass (beta =  − 2.43, OR = 0.95 p = 0.010). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SGA-born children had a lower BMI as compared to AGA-born subjects, whereas SGA status was negatively associated with BMI and lean mass.

What is Known:• Deviant birth weight for gestation has been associated with an increased risk of childhood adiposity.• Evidence remains scarce on whether small for gestational age status affects body composition and obesity later in childhood.

What is New:• Among school-aged children, small for gestational age subjects had a lower body mass index as compared to appropriate for gestational age counterparts, whereas small for gestational age status was negatively associated with body mass index and lean mass.• A meticulous observation is needed during childhood in children born with deviant birth weight.
After 150 years of watching: is there a need for synthetic ethology?
Authors: Abdai Judit , Miklósi Ádám 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Darwinian idea of mental continuity is about 150 years old. Although nobody has strongly denied this evolutionary link, both conceptually and practically, relative slow advance has been made by ethology and comparative psychology to quantify mental evolution. Debates on the mechanistic interpretation of cognition often struggle with the same old issues (e.g., associationism vs cognitivism), and in general, experimental methods have made also relative slow progress since the introduction of the puzzle box. In this paper, we illustrate the prevailing issues using examples on ‘mental state attribution’ and ‘perspective taking” and argue that the situation could be improved by the introduction of novel methodological inventions and insights. We suggest that focusing on problem-solving skills and constructing artificial agents that aim to correspond and interact with biological ones, may help to understand the functioning of the mind. We urge the establishment of a novel approach, synthetic ethology, in which researchers take on a practical stance and construct artificial embodied minds relying of specific computational architectures the performance of which can be compared directly to biological agents.
Fusion of overexposed and underexposed images using caputo differential operator for resolution and texture based enhancement
Authors: Zhou Liang , Alenezi Fayadh S. , Nandal Amita , Dhaka Arvind , Wu Tao , Koundal Deepika , Alhudhaif Adi , Polat Kemal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe visual quality of images captured under sub-optimal lighting conditions, such as over and underexposure may benefit from improvement using fusion-based techniques. This paper presents the Caputo Differential Operator-based image fusion technique for image enhancement. To effect this enhancement, the proposed algorithm first decomposes the overexposed and underexposed images into horizontal and vertical sub-bands using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The horizontal and vertical sub-bands are then enhanced using Caputo Differential Operator (CDO) and fused by taking the average of the transformed horizontal and vertical fractional derivatives. This work introduces a fractional derivative-based edge and feature enhancement to be used in conjuction with DWT and inverse DWT (IDWT) operations. The proposed algorithm combines the salient features of overexposed and underexposed images and enhances the fused image effectively. We use the fractional derivative-based method because it restores the edge and texture information more efficiently than existing method. In addition, we have introduced a resolution enhancement operator to correct and balance the overexposed and underexposed images, together with the Caputo enhanced fused image we obtain an image with significantly deepened resolution. Finally, we introduce a novel texture enhancing and smoothing operation to yield the final image. We apply subjective and objective evaluations of the proposed algorithm in direct comparison with other existing image fusion methods. Our approach results in aesthetically subjective image enhancement, and objectively measured improvement metrics.
Ethnographic semantics and documentary method in criminology. A combination of reconstructive approaches using the example of Municipal Law Enforcement Services
Authors: Hennen Ina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough a common German sociological methodology, the documentary method has rarely been received outside the German-speaking region or in the field of criminology in general. Additionally, while ethnographic semantics is a recognized means of analysis in the field of ethnography, it is less known in criminological research. This paper proposes that the approaches in themselves but especially a combination of both allow for a deeper understanding of the cultural practices, everyday routines, and implicit knowledge of security actors. While the police are a constant focus of criminological and social science research, the study of Municipal Law Enforcement Services (MLES), particularly qualitative approaches, have been largely neglected, despite the increasing number of municipalities implementing their own security personnel. Consequently, their increased presence in public space warrants further investigation. The added value of linking two reconstructive approaches to analysis is demonstrated using MLES as an example. Thereby, both the advantages of such a combination for criminological research and new insights regarding the ways MLES interact with people in public space are illustrated. The research follows an ethnomethodological design and is based on expert interviews and participant observation. The paper addresses peripheral issues on three levels: the use of a previously geographically limited method of data analysis, an innovative triangulation of approaches to analysis that has not yet been applied in international criminological research as well as the presentation of German MLES as an under-researched subject.
Problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses among university students and associated predictive factors: a systematic review
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Magdalena , Borda-Mas Mercedes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUniversity students are a high-risk population with problematic online behaviours that include generalized problematic Internet/smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses (for example, social media or gaming). The study of their predictive factors is needed in order to develop preventative strategies. This systematic review aims to understand the current state of play by examining the terminology, assessment instruments, prevalence, and predictive factors associated with problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses in university students. A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using four major databases. A total of 117 studies were included, divided into four groups according to the domain of problem behaviour: problematic smartphone use (n = 67), problematic social media use (n = 39), Internet gaming disorder (n = 9), and problematic online pornography use (n = 2). Variability was found in terminology, assessment tools, and prevalence rates in the four groups. Ten predictors of problematic smartphone use, five predictors of problematic social media use, and one predictor of problematic online gaming were identified. Negative affectivity is found to be a common predictor for all three groups, while social media use, psychological well-being, and Fear of Missing Out are common to problematic smartphone and social media use. Our findings reaffirm the need to reach consistent diagnostic criteria in cyber addictions and allow us to make progress in the investigation of their predictive factors, thus allowing formulation of preventive strategies.
Running minimum in the best-choice problem
Authors: Gnedin Alexander , Kozieł Patryk , Sulkowska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe full-information best choice problem asks one to find a strategy maximising the probability of stopping at the minimum (or maximum) of a sequence $$X_1,\cdots ,X_n$$

X
1

,
⋯
,

X
n

of i.i.d. random variables with continuous distribution. In this paper we look at more general models, where independent $$X_j$$

X
j

’s may have different distributions, discrete or continuous. A central role in our study is played by the running minimum process, which we first employ to re-visit the classic problem and its limit Poisson counterpart. The approach is further applied to two explicitly solvable models: in the first the distribution of the jth variable is uniform on $$\{j,\cdots ,n\}$$

{
j
,
⋯
,
n
}

, and in the second it is uniform on $$\{1,\cdots , n\}$$

{
1
,
⋯
,
n
}

.
Biotic and abiotic factors affecting the microbiota of Chrysomelidae inhabiting wetland vegetation
Authors: Magoga Giulia , Brunetti Matteo , Kajtoch Lukasz , Spada Alberto , Montagna Matteo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA subject of particular interest concerns the understanding of which biotic and/or abiotic factors shape the insect’s microbiota composition and diversity. In this study, we focus our attention on the microbiota associated with leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) inhabiting a freshwater wetland in Northern Italy for investigating which factors shape it in this peculiar environment. A DNA metabarcoding approach targeting the 16S rRNA has been used to characterize the bacteria associated with seven leaf beetles species living in different zones of the wetland (trees/shrubs, meadow and emergent vegetation zones). The obtained results suggest that three factors potentially affecting microbiota diversity and composition are species membership in the first place, then living zone in the wetland and sex. Within the studied species, males were found possibly more prone to acquire bacteria from the surrounding environment, while females’ microbiota of most of the species resulted dominated by symbiotic bacteria (reproductive manipulators, e.g. Wolbachia, or other symbionts with functional roles in the species, e.g. Candidatus Macropleicola in Donacia genus). The present study, even if based on a limited sample size, contributed to exploring the factors affecting the composition and diversity of bacteria associated with Chrysomelidae.
Being as big as small clauses get: the syntax of participial adjuncts in German and English
Authors: Brodahl Kristin Klubbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative syntactic account of participial adjuncts in German and English. While the typological literature describes German participial adjuncts as much more restricted than their English counterparts both syntactically and semantically, this paper presents empirical evidence that these differences have been exaggerated. Based on a corpus of more than 3000 participial adjuncts, it is argued that these adjuncts have a clause-like internal structure in both languages. Participial adjuncts are analysed as small clauses that can project all the way up to CP level, with a subject that is either phonetically null PRO controlled via Agree or an overt DP that is case licensed either by an element outside the participial clause or through default case. At the same time, the corpus data show that these participial constructions constitute a versatile group of adjuncts when it comes to their argument-structural properties and categorial nature. An analysis couched within the framework of Distributed Morphology is presented that can account for this diversity. This empirically based and theoretically founded account of participial adjuncts contributes to our understanding of the structural possibilities of small clauses cross-linguistically.
Filicide-Suicide in South Korea: Content Analysis of Newspaper Articles (2010–2020)
Authors: Yoon Myeong-Sook , Yu Hyun Kyoung , Lee Soo-Bi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Filicide-suicide is the most extreme form of family violence. This study identifies the traits of such cases by analyzing their prevalence, victims and perpetrators’ characteristics, methods, and motives based on the content of relevant newspaper articles.

Methods
Data were collected from representative newspapers from 2010 to 2020. A content analysis of 249 filicide-suicide cases was conducted.

Results
Most filicide-suicide cases occurred at home. The most commonly used method for filicide-suicide was carbon monoxide poisoning; such cases were especially high among parents in their 30 s and 40 s. The second most commonly used method was strangulation or hanging, and adopted 1.5 times more often for filicide than for parents’ suicide. Regarding the perpetrators and victims’ characteristics, 58.2% of the cases were maternal filicide, followed by filicide involving both parents (26.1%), and paternal filicide (15.8%). Most of the children (75.1%) were minors, indicating that most filicide cases involve the parents’ violation of their children’s human rights. Regarding maternal filicide, most mothers were in their 30 s, and among all filicide-suicide cases, the majority of the perpetrators (63.6%) were in their 30 s and 40 s. The most common motive was financial difficulties, followed by difficulties in child rearing and hardships due to parents’ physical or mental illness.

Conclusions
This study revealed that the problem of filicide-suicide in South Korean society is an extreme form of domestic violence disguised as parental responsibility, and requires suicide prevention interventions and policies that focus on family relationships and strengthening social responsibility for filicide.
Polarization Modulator Unit Harness Thermal Design for the Mid- and High-Frequency Telescopes of the LiteBIRD Space Mission
Authors: Columbro F. , de Bernardis P. , Masi S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolarization modulator units (PMUs) represent a critical and powerful component in CMB polarization experiments to suppress the 1/f noise component and mitigate systematic uncertainties induced by detector gain drifts and beam asymmetries. The LiteBIRD mission (expected launch in the late 2020 s) will be equipped with 3 PMUs, one for each of the 3 telescopes, and aims at detecting the primordial gravitational waves with a sensitivity of $$\delta r<0.001$$

δ
r
<
0.001

. Each PMU is based on a continuously rotating transmissive half-wave plate held by a superconducting magnetic bearing in the 5 K environment. To achieve and monitor the rotation a number of subsystems is needed: clamp and release system and motor coils for the rotation; optical encoder, capacitive, Hall and temperature sensors to monitor its dynamic stability. In this contribution, we present a preliminary thermal design of the harness configuration for the PMUs of the mid- and high- frequency telescopes. The design is based on both the stringent system constraint for the total thermal budget available for the PMUs ($$\lesssim$$
≲
4 mW at 5 K) and on the requirements for different subsystem: coils currents (up to 10 mA), optical fibers for encoder readout, 25 MHz bias signal for temperature and levitation monitors.
Maximum of the Membrane Model on Regular Trees
Authors: Cipriani Alessandra , Dan Biltu , Hazra Rajat Subhra , Ray Rounak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe discrete membrane model is a Gaussian random interface whose inverse covariance is given by the discrete biharmonic operator on a graph. In literature almost all works have considered the field as indexed over $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathbb {Z}}}\,}}^d$$

Z

d

, and this enabled one to study the model using methods from partial differential equations. In this article we would like to investigate the dependence of the membrane model on a different geometry, namely trees. The covariance is expressed via a random walk representation which was first determined by Vanderbei in (Ann Probab 12:311–314, 1984). We exploit this representation on m-regular trees and show that the infinite volume limit on the infinite tree exists when $$m\ge 3$$

m
≥
3

. Further we determine the behavior of the maximum under the infinite and finite volume measures.