bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative C‐peptide index is associated with the status of diabetes management after pancreatectomy
Authors: Shikata Masataka , Chujo Daisuke , Enkaku Asako , Takikawa‐Nishida Akiko , Honoki Hisae , Yamada‐Matsukoshi Shinnosuke , Nakagawa‐Yokoyama Maki , Kamigishi Miki , Inagawa Shinya , Fujisaka Shiho , Yagi Kunimasa , Shibuya Kazuto , Fujii Tsutomu , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to identify the clinical factors affecting postoperative residual pancreatic β‐cell function, as assessed by the C‐peptide index (CPI), and to investigate the association between perioperative CPI and the status of diabetes management after pancreatectomy.Materials and MethodsThe associations between perioperative CPI and clinical background, including surgical procedures of pancreatectomy, were analyzed in 47 patients who underwent pancreatectomy, and were assessed for pre‐and postoperative CPI. The association between perioperative CPI and glycemic control after pancreatectomy was investigated.ResultsThe low postoperative CPI group (CPI <0.7) had longer duration of diabetes (17.5 ± 14.5 vs 5.5 ± 11.0 years, P = 0.004), a higher percentage of sulfonylurea users (41.7 vs 8.7%, P = 0.003) and a greater number of drug categories used for diabetes treatment (1.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.8, P <0.001) than did the high postoperative CPI group. Postoperative CPI was higher (1.4 ± 1.2 vs 0.7 ± 0.6, P = 0.039) in patients with low glycosylated hemoglobin (<7.0%) at 6 months after pancreatectomy; preoperative (2.0 ± 1.5 vs 0.7 ± 0.5, P = 0.012) and postoperative CPI (2.5 ± 1.4 vs 1.4 ± 1.1, P = 0.020) were higher in non‐insulin users than in insulin users at 6 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe duration of diabetes and preoperative diabetes treatment were associated with residual pancreatic β‐cell function after pancreatectomy. Furthermore, perioperative β‐cell function as assessed by CPI was associated with diabetes management status after pancreatectomy.
Linking and Comparability across Conditions of Measurement: Established Frameworks and Proposed Updates
Authors: Moses Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne result of recent changes in testing is that previously established linking frameworks may not adequately address challenges in current linking situations. Test linking through equating, concordance, vertical scaling or battery scaling may not represent linkings for the scores of tests developed to measure constructs differently for different examinees, or tests that are administered in different modes and data collection designs. This article considers how previously proposed linking frameworks might be updated to address more recent testing situations. The first section summarizes the definitions and frameworks described in previous test linking discussions. Additional sections consider some sources of more disparate approaches to test development and administrations, as well as the implications of these for test linking. Possibilities for reflecting these features in an expanded test linking framework are proposed that encourage limited comparability, such as comparability that is restricted to subgroups or to the conditions of a linking study when a linking is produced, or within, but not across tests or test forms when an empirical linking based on examinee data is not produced. The implications of an updated framework of previously established linking approaches are further described in a final discussion.
Ontogeny of a tessellated surface: Carapace growth of the longhorn cowfish Lactoria cornuta
Authors: Eigen Lennart , Baum Daniel , Dean Mason N. , Werner Daniel , Wölfer Jan , Nyakatura John A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiological armors derive their mechanical integrity in part from their geometric architectures, often involving tessellations: individual structural elements tiled together to form surface shells. The carapace of boxfish, for example, is composed of mineralized polygonal plates, called scutes, arranged in a complex geometric pattern and nearly completely encasing the body. In contrast to artificial armors, the boxfish exoskeleton grows with the fish; the relationship between the tessellation and the gross structure of the armor is therefore critical to sustained protection throughout growth. To clarify whether or how the boxfish tessellation is maintained or altered with age, we quantify architectural aspects of the tessellated carapace of the longhorn cowfish Lactoria cornuta through ontogeny (across nearly an order of magnitude in standard length) and in a high‐throughput fashion, using high‐resolution microCT data and segmentation algorithms to characterize the hundreds of scutes that cover each individual. We show that carapace growth is canalized with little variability across individuals: rather than continually adding scutes to enlarge the carapace surface, the number of scutes is surprisingly constant, with scutes increasing in volume, thickness, and especially width with age. As cowfish and their scutes grow, scutes become comparatively thinner, with the scutes at the edges (weak points in a boxy architecture) being some of the thickest and most reinforced in younger animals and thinning most slowly across ontogeny. In contrast, smaller scutes with more variable curvature were found in the limited areas of more complex topology (e.g., around fin insertions, mouth, and anus). Measurements of Gaussian and mean curvature illustrate that cowfish are essentially tessellated boxes throughout life: predominantly zero curvature surfaces comprised of mostly flat scutes, and with scutes with sharp bends used sparingly to form box edges. Since growth of a curved, tiled surface with a fixed number of tiles would require tile restructuring to accommodate the surface's changing radius of curvature, our results therefore illustrate a previously unappreciated advantage of the odd boxfish morphology: by having predominantly flat surfaces, it is the box‐like body form that in fact permits a relatively straightforward growth system of this tessellated architecture (i.e., where material is added to scute edges). Our characterization of the ontogeny and maintenance of the carapace tessellation provides insights into the potentially conflicting mechanical, geometric, and developmental constraints of this species but also perspectives into natural strategies for constructing mutable tiled architectures.
The subcommissural organ maintains features of neuroepithelial cells in the adult mouse
Authors: Corales Laarni Grace , Inada Hitoshi , Hiraoka Kotaro , Araki Shun , Yamanaka Shinya , Kikkawa Takako , Osumi Noriko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe subcommissural organ (SCO) is a part of the circumventricular organs located in the dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle at the entrance of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The SCO comprises epithelial cells and produces high molecular weight glycoproteins, which are secreted into the third ventricle and become part of Reissner's fibre in the cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal development of the SCO has been linked with congenital hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. In the present study, we characterized the SCO cells in the adult mouse brain to gain insights into the possible role of this brain region. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that expression of Pax6, a transcription factor essential for SCO differentiation during embryogenesis, is maintained in the SCO at postnatal stages from P0 to P84. SCO cells in the adult brain expressed known neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) markers, Sox2 and vimentin. The adult SCO cells also expressed proliferating marker PCNA, although expression of another proliferation marker Ki67, indicating a G2/M phase, was not detected. The SCO cells did not incorporate BrdU, a marker for DNA synthesis in the S phase. Therefore, the SCO cells have a potential for proliferation but are quiescent for cell division in the adult. The SCO cells also expressed GFAP, a marker for astrocytes or NSPCs, but not NeuN (for neurons). A few cells positive for Iba1 (microglia), Olig2 (for oligodendrocytes) and PDGFRα (oligodendrocyte progenitors) existed within or on the periphery of the SCO. These findings revealed that the SCO cells have a unique feature as secretory yet immature neuroepithelial cells in the adult mouse brain.
Scutellarin protects the kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting Nrf2
Authors: Dai Jie , Li Chenyu , Zhao Long , Guan Chen , Yang Chengyu , Zhang Ningxin , Zhou Bin , Zhang Yue , Wang Lin , Jiang Wei , Luo Congjuan , Xu Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) results in high morbidity and mortality among inpatients, while effective treatment and intervention are still absent. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of Scutellarin (Scu) in experimental models in vivo and in vitro.MethodsIn vivo experiment, we employed a total of 30 Wistar rats, which further were modelled by a bilateral renal pedicle clip for 45 min, then received 50 mg/kg/day Scu. In vitro, HK‐2 cells were administered with 20μΜ Scu and then incubated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions for 24 h. The knockdown of Nrf2 expression was conducted by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection.ResultsAs a result, the AKI model was well established with an increased SCr, BUN, KIM‐1 level, and histological injury score, while Scu treatment reduced the levels above and increased the antioxidative enzyme HO‐1. H/R induced an increase of ROS in HK‐2 cells, while Scu decreased the ROS level. Bioinformatics results showed the transcription factor Nrf2 was a hub protein during the AKI, which also bound to Scu with low binding energy, indicating that the downstream effect of Scu might be mediated by Nrf2. To verify the suppose above, we employed siRNA against Nrf2, which shows a significant increase in ROS after Nrf2 was blocked. Meanwhile, the HO‐1 showed similar expression compared with the ‘H/R + Nrf2 siRNA’ and ‘H/R + Nrf2 siRNA + Scu’ group, implying the protective effect of Scu was mediated by the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.ConclusionScu led to up‐regulation of HO‐1 through activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway, protecting the kidneys from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced oxidative damage.
High-Performance Heterogeneous Oxidative Desulfurization Catalyst with Brønsted Acid Sites
Authors: Akopyan A. V. , Shlenova A. O. , Polikarpova P. D. , Vutolkina A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A new heterogeneous catalyst containing two types of active sites, sulfo group and ammonium heptamolybdate, on ASKG silica gel support was synthesized. The influence of oxidation conditions (temperature, reactant ratio, reaction time) on the conversion of a model substrate, dibenzothiophene (DBT), was examined. Conditions were found for exhaustive oxidation of DBT. The catalyst synthesized is stable under the oxidation conditions and preserves its activity in five oxidation cycles. The combination of two types of active sites not only considerably enhances the catalyst performance but also reduces to a minimum the possible washout of molybdenum compounds from the support surface.
Atypical trigeminocardiac reflex during intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation of a 6-month-old premature baby
Authors: Bayard Denise , Lersch Friedrich , Ugen Gesar , Schaller Bernhard 
Published: May 2022

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is an established brainstem reflex leading to parasympathetic dysrhythmias—including haemodynamic irregularities, apnoea and gastric hypermotility—during stimulation of any sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. Most of the clinical knowledge about TCR was gathered from general anaesthesia observations, not from procedural sedation.We present a case of a 6-month-old premature baby experiencing the reflex twice under dexmedetomidine–propofol-sedation while undergoing ophthalmic and ear examination. This was interpreted as cross-over sensitisation between the facial and trigeminal cranial nerve (N V and N VII).The present case demonstrates that different TCR subtypes can occur during the same anaesthetic procedure. Triggering TCR seems to be based on several factors and not just on a single stimulus as often presumed. Therefore, for premature babies, there is a risk for TCR under procedural sedation, and we recommend using glycopyrrolate as preventive treatment.
Three-muscle surgery for large-angle esotropia in chronic sixth nerve palsy: comparison of two approaches
Authors: Yao Jing , Xia Weiyi , Wang Xiying , Zhu Wenqing , Jiang Chao , Ling Ling , Wu Lianqun , Zhao Chen 
Published: May 2022

AimsTo report the effect of two three-muscle surgeries, inferior rectus belly transposition plus augmented superior rectus transposition plus medial rectus recession (ISM) and modified vertical rectus belly transposition plus medial rectus recession (VM), in the management of large-angle esotropia in Chinese patients with chronic sixth nerve palsy.MethodsTwenty-eight consecutive patients with large-angle esotropia ≥50Δwere prospectively enrolled and underwent either ISM or VM. Main outcomes included preoperative and postoperative deviation in primary position, abduction limitation and complications. Follow-up was at least 6 months.ResultsOf the included patients, 13 underwent ISM and 15 underwent VM. Preoperatively, ISM group displayed larger esotropia and more severe abduction limitation. 27 patients completed the follow-up. The postoperative horizontal deviation and abduction limitation were similar in both groups. At the last follow-up, ISM group demonstrated greater improvement of abduction limitation than VM group in both grading (group difference −2.1, p<0.001) and quantitation (group difference 2.6 mm, p=0.001). However, eight (30%) patients revealed an induced adduction limitation ≤−1. Of the 22 patients with unilateral palsy, more esotropia of 14.8Δwas corrected in ISM group, compared with VM group (p=0.003). Three patients (14%) developed vertical diplopia and three (14%) developed torsional diplopia. Unexpectedly, keratitis was observed in 4 of 27 (15%) patients, all with concurrent fifth and/or seventh nerve palsy. Three patients aggravated to corneal ulceration.ConclusionsTwo three-muscle surgeries, ISM and VM were both effective for large-angle esotropia in Chinese patients with chronic sixth nerve palsy. However, attention should be paid to potential complications.
Returning to clinical work and doctors’ personal, social and organisational needs: a systematic review
Authors: Attoe Chris , Matei Raluca , Thompson Laura , Teoh Kevin , Cross Sean , Cox Tom 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to synthesise existing evidence on doctors’ personal, social and organisational needs when returning to clinical work after an absence.DesignSystematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesAMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, Medline, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched up to 4 June 2020. Non-database searches included references and citations of identified articles and pages 1–10 of Google and Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaIncluded studies presented quantitative or qualitative data collected from doctors returning to work, with findings relating to personal, social or organisational needs.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a piloted template. Risk of bias assessment used the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Data were not suitable for meta-analyses and underwent narrative synthesis due to varied study designs and mixed methods.ResultsTwenty-four included studies (14 quantitative, 10 qualitative) presented data from 92 692 doctors in the UK (n=13), US (n=4), Norway (n=3), Japan (n=2), Spain (n=1), Canada (n=1). All studies identified personal needs, categorised as work–life balance, emotional regulation, self-perception and identity, and engagement with return process. Seventeen studies highlighted social needs relating to professional culture, personal and professional relationships, and illness stigma. Organisational needs found in 22 studies were flexibility and job control, work design, Occupational Health services and organisational culture. Emerging resources and recommendations were highlighted. Variable quality and high risk of biases in data collection and analysis suggest cautious interpretation.ConclusionsThis review posits a foundational framework of returning doctors’ needs, requiring further developed through methodologically robust studies that assess the impact of length and reason for absence, before developing and evaluating tailored interventions. Organisations, training programmes and professional bodies should refine support for returning doctors based on evidence.
Does weight management research for adults with severe obesity represent them? Analysis of systematic review data
Authors: Robertson Clare , Aceves-Martins Magaly , Cruickshank Moira , Imamura Mari , Avenell Alison 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the extent to which current evidence from long-term randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of weight management is generalisable and applicable to underserved adult groups with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2).MethodsDescriptive analysis of 131 RCTs, published after 1990–May 2017 with ≥1 year of follow-up, included in a systematic review of long-term weight management interventions for adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m2(the REBALANCE Project). Studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SCI, CENTRAL and from hand searching. Reporting of trial inclusion and exclusion criteria, trial recruitment strategies, baseline characteristics and outcomes were analysed using a predefined list of characteristics informed by the PROGRESS (Place of residence, Race/ethnicity/culture/language, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital)-Plus framework and the UK Equality Act 2010.ResultsFew (6.1%) trials reported adapting recruitment to appeal to underserved groups. 10.0% reported culturally adapting their trial materials. Only 6.1% of trials gave any justification for their exclusion criteria, yet over half excluded participation for age or mental health reasons. Just over half (58%) of the trials reported participants’ race or ethnicity, and one-fifth reported socioeconomic status. Where outcomes were reported for underserved groups, the most common analysis was by sex (47.3%), followed by race or ethnicity (16.8%). 3.1% of trials reported outcomes according to socioeconomic status.DiscussionAlthough we were limited by poor trial reporting, our results indicate inadequate representation of people most at risk of obesity. Guidance for considering underserved groups may improve the appropriateness of research and inform greater engagement with health and social care services.FundingNational Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number: 15/09/04).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016040190.
Increased early mortality after total knee arthroplasty using conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted surgery: an analysis of linked national registry data
Authors: Harris Ian A , Kirwan David P , Peng Yi , Lewis Peter L , de Steiger Richard N , Graves Stephen E 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to compare early mortality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using conventional intramedullary instrumentation to TKA performed using technology-assisted (non-intramedullary) instrumentation.DesignComparative observational study. Using data from a large national registry, the 30-day mortality after unilateral TKA performed for osteoarthritis was compared between procedures using conventional instrumentation and those using technology-assisted instrumentation. Firth logistic regression was used to calculate ORs, adjusting for age, sex, use of cement and procedure year for the whole period, and additionally adjusting for American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system class and body mass index (BMI) for the period 2015 to 2019. This analysis was repeated for 7-day and 90-day mortality.SettingNational arthroplasty registry.ParticipantsPeople undergoing unilateral, elective TKA for osteoarthritis from 2003 to 2019 inclusive.InterventionsTKA performed using conventional intramedullary instrumentation or technology-assisted instrumentation.Main outcome measures30-day mortality (primary), and 7-day and 90-day mortality.ResultsA total of 581 818 unilateral TKA procedures performed for osteoarthritis were included, of which 602 (0.10%) died within 30 days of surgery. The OR of death within 30 days following TKA performed with conventional instrumentation compared with technology-assisted instrumentation, adjusted for age, sex, cement use, procedure year, American Society of Anesthesiologists and BMI was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.41, p=0.001). The corresponding ORs for 7-day and 90-day mortality were 2.21 (96% CI, 1.34 to 3.66, p=0.002) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.69, p=0.010), respectively.ConclusionsThe use of conventional instrumentation during TKA is associated with higher odds of early postoperative death than when technology-assisted instrumentation is used. This difference may be explained by complications related to fat embolism secondary to intramedullary rods used in conventional instrumentation. Given the high number of TKA performed annually worldwide, increasing the use of technology-assisted instrumentation may reduce early post-operative mortality.
Adjuvant testosterone therapy in chronic heart failure (ATTIC): a randomised open-label trial
Authors: Dhar Minakshi , Mittal Kartik , Parchani Ashwin , Sharma Manu , Bahurupi Yogesh , Kalra Sanjay , Bhat Nowneet Kumar 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHeart failure is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population, with no promising therapy currently available with considerable benefit. Testosterone therapy is an emerging viable treatment option given its beneficial effects, including improving cardiac functional capacity, alleviating symptoms and low cost, among others.MethodsWe have planned an open-label, parallel design, 1:1 randomised controlled trial, which aims to recruit 986 adult males above the age of 60 diagnosed with chronic stable heart failure fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The participants will be randomised into 2 groups of 493 each. Both groups will receive standard recommended treatment regimen of chronic stable heart failure and intervention arm participants will receive additional testosterone gel. All participants will be assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The primary endpoints will assess the differences in functional capacity, frailty and quality of life at 3 months compared with baseline. The secondary endpoints will include the mean change from baseline at 3 months in cardiac remodelling using echocardiography, serum brain natriuretic peptide levels, the incidence of adverse drug reaction.Statistical analysisThe data will be analysed with the help of SPSS 23 software. Primary objectives of change in 6-minute walk test, frailty index and quality of life will be analysed using the student’s t-test. The statistical significance will be defined as p value<0.05 and taking confidence level as 95%.Ethical clearanceInstitutional Ethics Committee clearance taken via letter no AIIMS/IEC/20/847, dated 21 November 2020. This study involves human participants and was approved by institutional ethical committee, DHR Reg: EC/NEW/Inst/2020/1046CDSCO, Reg No: ECR/736/Inst/UK/2015/RR-18. Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.Trial registration number(CTRI)—REF/2020/12/030292.