bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the “Middle East” in Washington
Authors: Razavi Negar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of experts claiming personal and familial ties to the Middle East have joined elite foreign policy think tanks in Washington, DC, in an effort to shape US policy debates on this complex region. Based on more than two years of ethnographic research within DC, this study contends that such diasporic experts have come to play a specialized role for US empire. Specifically, they serve as “multiplicitous diplomats” who use their connections to the region to navigate and translate the interests of competing political elites in Washington by strategically circulating ideas, people, and funding to and from the Middle East. Such observations reveal the extent to which the US empire functions in practice as a transnationally contested site of power. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how the “Middle East” operates within and enacts influence over the United States, as these diasporic experts bring the voices, anxieties, and power of entities in the region and its many diasporas into elite US policy debates.
Omics profiling identifies the regulatory functions of the MAPK/ERK pathway in nephron progenitor metabolism
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Nam , Kurtzeborn Kristen , Iaroshenko Vladislav , Jin Xing , Loh Abigail , Escande-Beillard Nathalie , Reversade Bruno , Park Sunghyouk , Kuure Satu 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Nephron endowment is defined by fetal kidney growth and crucially dictates renal health in adults. Defects in the molecular regulation of nephron progenitors contribute to only a fraction of reduced nephron mass cases, suggesting alternative causative mechanisms. The importance of MAPK/ERK activation in nephron progenitor maintenance has been previously demonstrated, and here, we characterized the metabolic consequences of MAPK/ERK deficiency. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling identified 42 reduced metabolites, of which 26 were supported by in vivo transcriptional changes in MAPK/ERK-deficient nephron progenitors. Among these, mitochondria, ribosome and amino acid metabolism, together with diminished pyruvate and proline metabolism, were the most affected pathways. In vitro cultures of mouse kidneys demonstrated a dosage-specific function for pyruvate in controlling the shape of the ureteric bud tip, a regulatory niche for nephron progenitors. In vivo disruption of proline metabolism caused premature nephron progenitor exhaustion through their accelerated differentiation in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases 1 (Pycr1) and 2 (Pycr2) double-knockout kidneys. Pycr1/Pycr2-deficient progenitors showed normal cell survival, indicating no changes in cellular stress. Our results suggest that MAPK/ERK-dependent metabolism functionally participates in nephron progenitor maintenance by monitoring pyruvate and proline biogenesis in developing kidneys.
Loss of Num1-mediated cortical dynein anchoring negatively impacts respiratory growth
Authors: White Antoineen J. , Harper Clare S. , Rosario Erica M. , Dietz Jonathan V. , Addis Hannah G. , Fox Jennifer L. , Khalimonchuk Oleh , Lackner Laura L. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Num1 is a multifunctional protein that both tethers mitochondria to the plasma membrane and anchors dynein to the cell cortex during nuclear inheritance. Previous work has examined the impact loss of Num1-based mitochondrial tethering has on dynein function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; here, we elucidate its impact on mitochondrial function. We find that like mitochondria, Num1 is regulated by changes in metabolic state, with the protein levels and cortical distribution of Num1 differing between fermentative and respiratory growth conditions. In cells lacking Num1, we observe a reproducible respiratory growth defect, suggesting a role for Num1 in not only maintaining mitochondrial morphology, but also function. A structure–function approach revealed that, unexpectedly, Num1-mediated cortical dynein anchoring is important for normal growth under respiratory conditions. The severe respiratory growth defect in Δnum1 cells is not specifically due to the canonical functions of dynein in nuclear migration but is dependent on the presence of dynein, as deletion of DYN1 in Δnum1 cells partially rescues respiratory growth. We hypothesize that misregulated dynein present in cells that lack Num1 negatively impacts mitochondrial function resulting in defects in respiratory growth.
c-fos expression in the olfactory epithelium of the East African cichlid (Haplochromis chilotes) in response to odorant exposure
Authors: Kawamura Riki , Nikaido Masato 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Fishes use olfaction to gain varied information vital for survival and communication. To understand biodiversity in fishes, it is important to identify what receptors individual fish use to detect specific chemical compounds. However, studies of fish olfactory receptors and their ligands are still limited to a few model organisms represented primarily by zebrafish. Here, we tested the c-fos expression of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in an East African cichlid, the most diversified teleost lineage, by in situ hybridization with a c-fos riboprobe. We confirmed that microvillous neurons contributed the most to the detection of amino acids, as in other fishes. Conversely, we found that ciliated neurons contributed the most to the detection of conjugated steroids, known as pheromone candidates. We also found that V2Rs, the major receptor type in microvillous neurons, exhibited differential responsiveness to amino acids, and further suggest that the cichlid-specific duplication of V2R led to ligand differentiation by demonstrating a differential response to arginine. Finally, we established a non-lethal method to collect cichlid urine and showed how various OSNs, including V1R+ neurons, respond to male urine. This study provides an experimental basis for understanding how cichlids encode natural odours, which ultimately provides insight into how olfaction has contributed to the diversification of cichlids.
Addressing the construct validity of the “individual problems and strengths” scale
Authors: Zahl-Olsen Rune , Gausel Nicolay , Tellefsen Håland Åshild , Tilden Terje 
Published: October 2022

Background: Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) systems have been used to monitor how a client’s life changes over the course of therapy. However, if a ROM system is to be used, the system should have sufficient construct validity to warrant its usage. In the current study we sought to test the construct of the “individual problems and strengths” (IPS) measurement scale, a sub-section of the “Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change” (STIC). Methods: We used a factorial construct validation procedure utilizing a stepwise confirmatory factor analysis approach on a sample of 841 clients of couple and family therapy. Results: We found support for the original “8-factor” version of the IPS but failed to find support for the “1-factor” version and the “higher order factor structure”. Conclusions: The investigation uncovered that the measurement tool is still under development and since the factorial construct (and the scale-reliability) was only supported for the original "8-factor" model, we encourage a pause in administering the IPS in clinical practice.
Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study: Interim cohort profile
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Bridges Sally , Willan Kathryn , Kelly Brian , Moss Rachael H. , Lister Jennie , Netkitsing Chandani , Atkinson Amy L. , Bird Philippa K. , Uphoff Eleanora P. , Mason Dan , Newsham Alex , Waiblinger Dagmar , Razaq Rifat , Ahern Sara , Bryant Maria , Blower Sarah L. , Pickett Kate E. , McEachan Rosemary M. , Wright John 
Published: October 2022

Background: The Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study was designed as an innovative cohort platform for efficient evaluation of early life interventions delivered through the Better Start Bradford programme. There are a growing number of interventional cohorts being implemented internationally. This paper provides an interim analysis of BiBBS in order to share learning about the feasibility and value of this method. Methods: Recruitment began in January 2016 and will complete in December 2023 with a target sample of 5,000 pregnancies. An interim data cut was completed for all pregnancies recruited between January 2016 and November 2019 with an expected due date between 1st April 2016 and 8th March 2020. Descriptive statistics were completed on the data. Results: Of 4,823 eligible pregnancies, 2,626 (54%) pregnancies were recruited, resulting in 2,392 mothers and 2,501 children. The sample are representative of the pregnant population (61% Pakistani heritage; 12% White British; 8% other South Asian and 6% Central and Eastern European ethnicity). The majority of participants (84%) live in the lowest decile of the Index of Multiple Deprivation, and many live in vulnerable circumstances. A high proportion (85%) of BiBBS families have engaged in one or more of the Better Start Bradford interventions. Levels of participation varied by the characteristics of the interventions, such as the requirement for active participation and the length of commitment to a programme. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of recruiting an interventional cohort that includes seldom heard families from ethnic minority and deprived backgrounds. The high level of uptake of interventions is encouraging for the goal of evaluating the process and outcomes of multiple early life interventions using the innovative interventional cohort approach. BiBBS covers a period before, during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which adds scientific value to the cohort.
Filling in the GAAPs in Individual Analysts’ Street Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Bratten Brian , Larocque Stephannie , Yohn Teri Lombardi 
Published: October 2022

Analysts’ street earnings forecasts are sometimes based on GAAP earnings and sometimes based on non-GAAP earnings, which exclude various GAAP earnings components. Therefore, differences in analysts’ street earnings forecasts may capture differences in not only expected performance but also the earnings metric forecasted. We argue that analysts who forecast non-GAAP, rather than GAAP, street earnings are more likely to separately analyze earnings components. Consistent with this argument, we find that analysts who forecast non-GAAP street earnings issue relatively more accurate forecasts. We also argue that excluded earnings components often reflect negative transitory items, and that variation across analysts in the earnings metric forecasted suggests that the negative excluded items are forecasted by only a subset of analysts. Consistent with this assertion, we find that variation across analysts in the earnings metric forecasted is associated with a lower consensus GAAP earnings surprise and lower stock returns around the earnings announcement. Finally, although variation in the earnings metric forecasted is a source of analyst forecast dispersion, we find that it is also incrementally associated with a lower earnings response coefficient, consistent with the existence of transitory items. We therefore find that the variation in the earnings metric forecasted is an important source of analyst forecast dispersion that predicts not only a lower earnings surprise but also a lower earnings response. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: Financial support from the Gatton College of Business & Economics, the KPMG Fellowship at the Mendoza College of Business, and the Goizueta Business School is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4553 .
Relative humidity sensor based on a silver nano-grating made from DVD discs
Authors: Hua Guohuan , Cheng Jianxin , Chen Jin , Shen Yi , Chang Jianhua , Ni Haibin 
Published: October 2022

A relative humidity sensor based on a silver nano-grating was proposed. By stripping and cleaning commercially available CD and DVD discs, polycarbonate plates with different grating periods are obtained. These plates as templates are coated with a layer of sputtered silver film to form silver nano-gratings, which exhibit refractive index sensing sensitivities of 517 nm/RIU and 742.9 nm/RIU, respectively. The finite-difference time-domain simulation results conform the excited surface plasmon polariton modes and localized surface plasmon modes on the nano-grating. By spin coating a layer of humidity-sensitive porous silica with optimized thickness, the silver nano-grating shows a relative humidity detection sensitivity of 0.23 nm/%RH.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Freire-Neto Francisco P. , Teixeira Diego G. , da Cunha Dayse C. S. , Morais Ingryd C. , Tavares Celisa P. M. , Gurgel Genilson P. , Medeiros Sanderson D. N. , Santos David C. dos , Sales Alexandre de O. , Jeronimo Selma M. B. 
Published: October 2022

Background
The first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, was diagnosed on March 12, 2020; thereafter, multiple surges of infection occurred, similar to what was seen elsewhere. These surges were mostly due to SARS-CoV-2 mutations leading to emergence of variants of concern (VoC). The introduction of new VoCs in a population previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or after vaccination has been a challenge to understanding the kinetics of the protective immune response against this virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections observed in mid-January 2022 in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. It describes the clinical and genomic characteristics of nine cases of reinfection that occurred coincident with the introduction of the omicron variant.

Methodology/Principal findings
Of a total of 172,965 individuals with upper respiratory symptoms tested for SARS-CoV-2, between March 2020 through mid-February 2022, 58,097 tested positive. Of those, 444 had documented a second SARS-CoV-2 infection and nine reinfection cases were selected for sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that virus lineages diverged between primary infections and the reinfections, with the latter caused by the Omicron (BA.1) variant among individuals fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions/Significance
Our findings suggest that the Omicron variant is able to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity, since all nine cases had prior natural infection and, in addition, were fully vaccinated, emphasizing the need to develop effective blocking vaccines.
Aggressive behaviour of psychiatric patients with mild and borderline intellectual disabilities in general mental health care
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Jeanet Grietje , Lepping Peter , Mulder Cornelis Lambert , Nijman Henk Liewellyn Inge , Noorthoorn Eric Onno 
Published: October 2022

PurposeLittle is known about the associations between mild intellectual disability (MID), borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and aggressive behaviour in general mental health care. The study aims to establish the association between aggressive behaviour and MID/BIF, analysing patient characteristics and diagnoses.Method1174 out of 1565 consecutive in-and outpatients were screened for MID/BIF with the Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) in general mental health care in The Netherlands. During treatment, aggressive behaviour was assessed with the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). We calculated odds ratios and performed a logistic and poisson regression to calculate the associations of MID/ BIF, patient characteristics and diagnoses with the probability of aggression.ResultsForty-one percent of participating patients were screened positive for MID/BIF. Patients with assumed MID/BIF showed significantly more aggression at the patient and sample level (odds ratio (OR) of 2.50 for aggression and 2.52 for engaging in outwardly directedphysicalaggression). The proportion of patients engaging in 2–5 repeated aggression incidents was higher in assumed MID (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.82–4.95) and MID/BIF (OR = 4.20, 95% CI 2.45–7.22). Logistic regression showed that patients who screened positive for BIF (OR 2,0 95% CL 1.26–3.17), MID (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.87–4.46), had a bipolar disorder (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.79–5.28), schizophrenia (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.80–4.19), and younger age (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15–2.50), were more likely to have engaged in any aggression. Poisson regression underlined these findings, showing a SCIL of 15 and below (β = 0.61, p<0.001) was related to more incidents.ConclusionsWe found an increased risk for aggression andphysicalaggression in patients with assumed MID/BIF. We recommend screening for intellectual functioning at the start of treatment and using measures to prevent and manage aggressive behaviour that fits patients with MID/BIF.
A social ecological approach to identify the barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination acceptance: A scoping review
Authors: Lun Penny , Gao Jonathan , Tang Bernard , Yu Chou Chuen , Jabbar Khalid Abdul , Low James Alvin , George Pradeep Paul 
Published: October 2022

Background
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has caused substantial impact on population health, healthcare, and social and economic systems around the world. Several vaccines have been developed to control the pandemic with varying effectiveness and safety profiles. One of the biggest obstacles to implementing successful vaccination programmes is vaccine hesitancy stemming from concerns about effectiveness and safety. This review aims to identify the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance and to organize the factors using the social ecological framework.

Methods
We adopted the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley to guide this scoping review. Selection criteria was based on the PICo (Population, Phenomenon of interest and Context) framework. Factors associated with acceptance and hesitancy were grouped into the following: intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy factors using the social ecological framework.

Results
Fifty-one studies fulfilled this review’s inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in Europe and North America, followed by Asia and the Middle East. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rates varied across countries. Some common demographic factors associated with hesitancy were younger age, being female, having lower than college education, and having a lower income level. Most of the barriers and facilitators to acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines were intrapersonal factors, such as personal characteristics and preferences, concerns with COVID-19 vaccines, history/perception of general vaccination, and knowledge of COVID-19 and health. The remaining interpersonal, institution, community, and public policy factors were grouped into factors identified as barriers and facilitators.

Conclusion
Our review identified barriers and facilitators of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy and organised them using the social ecological framework. While some barriers and facilitators such as vaccine safety are universal, differentiated barriers might exist for different target groups, which need to be understood if they are to be addressed to maximize vaccine acceptance.
The effect of cigarette modified risk claims and brand on perceived risk, product appeal, and use intentions
Authors: O’Brien Erin Keely , Ruybal Andrea L. , . Koblitz Amber R. , Johnson Sarah E. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
No studies have examined the brand context in which modified risk claims appear on tobacco products. This study examines how marketing products with modified risk claims affects risk perceptions, appeal, and intentions among own-brand, other brand, and novel brand cigarettes.

Methods
This experiment employed a 3 (claim: risk modification [RM], exposure modification [EM], control) x 3 (brand: own, other, novel) between-subjects design. A convenience sample (N = 1,557, Mage = 40.28, SDage = 19.01, 71.3% female, 80.3% White) of current or former Marlboro, Camel, or Newport users was collected. Participants were assigned to view their own brand, another brand, or a novel brand, with or without a claim, and rated perceived risk after switching to this product, product appeal, and use intentions.

Results
Participants in the RM or EM conditions had lower risk perceptions (versus control). Claim did not affect appeal. Adult established cigarette users in the EM (but not RM) condition had higher intentions (versus control). Participants rated their own and another brand as more appealing than the novel brand. Interactions between brand and claim were not significant.

Conclusions
We found modified risk claims decreased risk perceptions but did not impact appeal. Whereas participants showed preference for their own brand in terms of appeal and intentions, brand did not moderate the impact of claims.
Placebo Adverse Events in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Trials: A Pooled Analysis of 2,944 Participants
Authors: Tay Phoebe Wen Lin , Ng Cheng Han , Lin Snow Yunni , Chin Yip Han , Xiao Jieling , Lim Wen Hui , Lim Sze Yinn , Fu Clarissa Elysia , Chan Kai En , Quek Jingxuan , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Chew Nicholas , Syn Nicholas , Keitoku Taisei , Tamaki Nobuharu , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Noureddin Mazen , Muthiah Mark , Huang Daniel Q. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
In the absence of an effective treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) remains the current gold standard study design in NASH. As NASH is a largely asymptomatic disease, the side effects of potential therapies require careful evaluation, therefore a pooled rate of the adverse events (AEs) in placebo-treated patients serves as a useful comparator for safety. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the rate of AEs among participants in the placebo arm of NASH RCTs.

METHODS:
Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to include clinical trials in phase 2–4 NASH RCTs with placebo treatment arms. A pooled proportions of AEs were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model with Clopper-Pearson intervals.

RESULTS:
A total of 41 RCTs (2,944 participants on placebo) were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 68% (confidence interval [CI] 55%–77%) of participants on placebo experienced an AE, 7.8% (5.7%–10%) experienced serious AEs and 3.1% (CI: 1.9%–5.1%) experienced AEs leading to discontinuation. A significantly higher proportion of participants experienced serious AEs in phase 3 studies compared to in phase 2 studies (P < 0.01) and in pharmaceutical funded studies as compared to studies which were federal-funded studies (P < 0.01). An analysis of clinical trials evaluating bile acid modulating agents determined that 10% (CI: 5.5%–18%) of participants receiving placebo developed pruritus.

DISCUSSION:
The present study summarizes the AEs with NASH placebo. Among participants in the placebo arm in NASH, two-third experienced an AE, and nearly 10% experienced a serious AE.