bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cropping systems alter plant volatile emissions in the field through soil legacy effects
Authors: Malone Shealyn C. , Menalled Fabian D. , Weaver David K. , Seipel Tim F. , Hofland Megan L. , Runyon Justin B. , Bourgault Maryse , Boss Darrin L. , Trowbridge Amy M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrops emit a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that serve as attractants or repellents for pests and their natural enemies. Crop rotations, off-farm chemical inputs, and mechanical and cultural tactics – collectively called cropping systems – alter soil nutrients, moisture content, and microbial communities, all of which have the potential to alter crop VOC emissions. Soil legacy effects of diversified cropping systems have been shown to enhance crop VOC emissions in greenhouse studies, but how they influence emissions under field conditions remains virtually unknown. To determine the effect of cropping systems on plant VOC emissions in the field, air samples were collected from the headspace of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Judee) grown in simplified wheat-fallow rotations or diversified wheat-cover crop rotations where cover crops were terminated by grazing cattle. Across two growing seasons, wheat grown in rotation with fallow emitted greater amounts of Z-3-hexenyl acetate and β-ocimene, key attractants for wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton), a major pest of wheat. While overall VOC blends were relatively similar among cropping system during the first growing season, emissions varied substantially in the second year of this study where wheat grown in rotation with cover crops emitted substantially greater quantities of volatile compounds characteristic of abiotic stress. Below-average precipitation in the second growing season, in addition to reduced soil water content in cover crop rotations, suggests that cropping system effects on wheat VOCs may have been driven primarily by water availability, a major factor limiting crop growth in dryland agriculture. While the specific mechanisms driving changes in VOC emissions were not explicitly tested, this work shows that agricultural practices applied in one growing season can differentially influence crop VOC emissions in the next through soil legacy effects, illustrating additional avenues through which cropping systems may be leveraged to enhance pest management.
The dynamic nature of refugee children's resilience: a cohort study of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Popham C. M. , McEwen F. S. , Karam E. , Fayyad J. , Karam G. , Saab D. , Moghames P. , Pluess M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsChildren's responses to war and displacement are varied; many struggle, while others appear resilient. However, research into these outcomes disproportionately focuses on cross-sectional data in high-income countries. We aimed to (1) investigate change in resilience across two timepoints in a highly vulnerable sample of Syrian refugee children in Lebanon, and (2) explore predictors of their mental health problems across time.MethodsIn total, 982 Syrian child–caregiver dyads living in refugee settlements in Lebanon completed questionnaires via interview at baseline and follow-up one year later. We categorised children into groups based on their risk for mental health problems across both timepoints (stable high risk/SHR, deteriorating, improving, stable low risk) according to locally validated cut-offs on measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and behavioural problems. Analyses of covariance identified how the groups differed on a range of individual and socio-environmental predictors, followed up by cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) to investigate the directionality of the relationships between significantly related predictors and symptoms.ResultsThe sample showed a meaningful amount of change in mental health symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Over half (56.3%) of children met SHR criteria and 10.3% deteriorated over time, but almost one-quarter (24.2%) showed meaningful improvement, and 9.2% were consistently at low risk for mental health problems at both timepoints. Several predictors differentiated the groups, particularly social measures. According to CLPMs, maternal acceptance (β= −0.07) predicted child mental health symptoms over time. Self-esteem (β= −0.08), maternal psychological control (β= 0.10), child maltreatment (β= 0.09) and caregiver depression (β= 0.08) predicted child symptoms and vice versa (βse= −0.11,βb= 0.07,βmpc= 0.08,βcm= 0.1,βcd= 0.11). Finally, child symptoms predicted loneliness (β= 0.12), bullying (β= 0.07), perceived social support (β= −0.12), parent–child conflict (β= 0.13), caregiver PTSD (β= 0.07), caregiver anxiety (β= 0.08) and the perceived refugee environment (β= −0.09).ConclusionsOur results show risk and resilience are dynamic, and the family environment plays a key role in children's response to war and displacement. Conversely, children also have a significant impact on the family environment and caregiver's own mental health. Interventions to promote resilience in refugee children should therefore consider family-wide mechanisms.
Verbal Behavior Analysis of Expert and Inexperienced Therapists Applying the Socratic Method
Authors: Pardo-Cebrián Rebeca , Calero-Elvira Ana , Guerrero-Escagedo María Cristina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Socratic method, as an eminently verbal procedure, will be analyzed from a behavioral perspective in order to clarify how verbal conditioning works within. This work compares the verbalizations that expert and inexperienced therapists emit during Socratic method to find out which and why certain therapist verbalizations are most successful in changing client responses. The sample consisted of 113 Socratic method fragments from 18 cases, analyzed by observational methodology. The expert therapists had more than 6 years of experience, the inexperienced less than 2. Experts had fewer failure Socratic method fragments, but there were no differences in successful ones. The way of questioning had a different pattern: Inexperienced therapists suggested more the response, experts used more didactic verbalizations; also, experts used the aversive component more and contingently. The creation of guidelines based on functional description of verbal interaction and the need for novice psychologists training are some implications of these results.
Understanding Heavy Tails of Flood Peak Distributions
Authors: Merz Bruno , Basso Stefano , Fischer Svenja , Lun David , Blöschl Günter , Merz Ralf , Guse Björn , Viglione Alberto , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Macdonald Elena , Wietzke Luzie , Schumann Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStatistical distributions of flood peak discharge often show heavy tail behavior, that is, extreme floods are more likely to occur than would be predicted by commonly used distributions that have exponential asymptotic behavior. This heavy tail behavior may surprise flood managers and citizens, as human intuition tends to expect light tail behavior, and the heaviness of the tails is very difficult to predict, which may lead to unnecessarily high flood damage. Despite its high importance, the literature on the heavy tail behavior of flood distributions is rather fragmented. In this review, we provide a coherent overview of the processes causing heavy flood tails and the implications for science and practice. Specifically, we propose nine hypotheses on the mechanisms causing heavy tails in flood peak distributions related to processes in the atmosphere, the catchment, and the river system. We then discuss to which extent the current knowledge supports or contradicts these hypotheses. We also discuss the statistical conditions for the emergence of heavy tail behavior based on derived distribution theory and relate them to the hypotheses and flood generation mechanisms. We review the degree to which the heaviness of the tails can be predicted from process knowledge and data. Finally, we recommend further research toward testing the hypotheses and improving the prediction of heavy tails.
Improved sampling scheme for LiDAR in Lissajous scanning mode
Authors: Wang Junya , Zhang Gaofei , You Zheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMEMS light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is becoming an indispensable sensor in vehicle environment sensing systems due to its low cost and high performance. The beam scanning trajectory, sampling scheme and gridding are the key technologies of MEMS LiDAR imaging. In Lissajous scanning mode, this paper improves the sampling scheme, through which a denser Cartesian grid of point cloud data at the same scanning frequency can be obtained. By summarizing the rules of the Cartesian grid, a general sampling scheme independent of the beam scanning trajectory patterns is proposed. Simulation and experiment results show that compared with the existing sampling scheme, the resolution and the number of points per frame are both increased by 2 times with the same hardware configuration and scanning frequencies for a MEMS scanning mirror (MEMS-SM). This is beneficial for improving the point cloud imaging performance of MEMS LiDAR.
Differential grey matter structure in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: evidence from brain morphometry and data-driven classification
Authors: Dubol Manon , Stiernman Louise , Wikström Johan , Lanzenberger Rupert , Neill Epperson C. , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Bixo Marie , Comasco Erika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a female-specific condition classified in the Diagnostic and Statical Manual—5th edition under depressive disorders. Alterations in grey matter volume, cortical thickness and folding metrics have been associated with a number of mood disorders, though little is known regarding brain morphological alterations in PMDD. Here, women with PMDD and healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Differences in grey matter structure between the groups were investigated by use of voxel- and surface-based morphometry. Machine learning and multivariate pattern analysis were performed to test whether MRI data could distinguish women with PMDD from healthy controls. Compared to controls, women with PMDD had smaller grey matter volume in ventral posterior cortices and the cerebellum (Cohen’s d = 0.45–0.76). Region-of-interest analyses further indicated smaller volume in the right amygdala and putamen of women with PMDD (Cohen’s d = 0.34–0.55). Likewise, thinner cortex was observed in women with PMDD compared to controls, particularly in the left hemisphere (Cohen’s d = 0.20–0.74). Classification analyses showed that women with PMDD can be distinguished from controls based on grey matter morphology, with an accuracy up to 74%. In line with the hypothesis of an impaired top-down inhibitory circuit involving limbic structures in PMDD, the present findings point to PMDD-specific grey matter anatomy in regions of corticolimbic networks. Furthermore, the results include widespread cortical and cerebellar regions, suggesting the involvement of distinct networks in PMDD pathophysiology.
Clinical sequencing of soft tissue and bone sarcomas delineates diverse genomic landscapes and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Nacev Benjamin A. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Smith Shaleigh A. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Rosenbaum Evan , Shi Hongyu , Tang Cerise , Socci Nicholas D. , Rana Satshil , Gularte-Mérida Rodrigo , Zehir Ahmet , Gounder Mrinal M. , Bowler Timothy G. , Luthra Anisha , Jadeja Bhumika , Okada Azusa , Strong Jonathan A. , Stoller Jake , Chan Jason E. , Chi Ping , D’Angelo Sandra P. , Dickson Mark A. , Kelly Ciara M. , Keohan Mary Louise , Movva Sujana , Thornton Katherine , Meyers Paul A. , Wexler Leonard H. , Slotkin Emily K. , Glade Bender Julia L. , Shukla Neerav N. , Hensley Martee L. , Healey John H. , La Quaglia Michael P. , Alektiar Kaled M. , Crago Aimee M. , Yoon Sam S. , Untch Brian R. , Chiang Sarah , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Hameed Meera R. , Berger Michael F. , Solit David B. , Schultz Nikolaus , Ladanyi Marc , Singer Samuel , Tap William D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe genetic, biologic, and clinical heterogeneity of sarcomas poses a challenge for the identification of therapeutic targets, clinical research, and advancing patient care. Because there are > 100 sarcoma subtypes, in-depth genetic studies have focused on one or a few subtypes. Herein, we report a comparative genetic analysis of 2,138 sarcomas representing 45 pathological entities. This cohort is prospectively analyzed using targeted sequencing to characterize subtype-specific somatic alterations in targetable pathways, rates of whole genome doubling, mutational signatures, and subtype-agnostic genomic clusters. The most common alterations are in cell cycle control andTP53, receptor tyrosine kinases/PI3K/RAS, and epigenetic regulators. Subtype-specific associations includeTERTamplification in intimal sarcoma and SWI/SNF alterations in uterine adenosarcoma. Tumor mutational burden, while low compared to other cancers, varies between and within subtypes. This resource will improve sarcoma models, motivate studies of subtype-specific alterations, and inform investigations of genetic factors and their correlations with treatment response.
Sex-specific multi-level 3D genome dynamics in the mouse brain
Authors: Rocks Devin , Shukla Mamta , Ouldibbat Laila , Finnemann Silvia C. , Kalluchi Achyuth , Rowley M. Jordan , Kundakovic Marija 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe female mammalian brain exhibits sex hormone-driven plasticity during the reproductive period. Recent evidence implicates chromatin dynamics in gene regulation underlying this plasticity. However, whether ovarian hormones impact higher-order chromatin organization in post-mitotic neurons in vivo is unknown. Here, we mapped the 3D genome of ventral hippocampal neurons across the oestrous cycle and by sex in mice. In females, we find cycle-driven dynamism in 3D chromatin organization, including in oestrogen response elements-enriched X chromosome compartments, autosomal CTCF loops, and enhancer-promoter interactions. With rising oestrogen levels, the female 3D genome becomes more similar to the male 3D genome. Cyclical enhancer-promoter interactions are partially associated with gene expression and enriched for brain disorder-relevant genes and pathways. Our study reveals unique 3D genome dynamics in the female brain relevant to female-specific gene regulation, neuroplasticity, and disease risk.
Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of large photoswitchable molecules using a chemically transferable machine learning potential
Authors: Axelrod Simon , Shakhnovich Eugene , Gómez-Bombarelli Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight-induced chemical processes are ubiquitous in nature and have widespread technological applications. For example, photoisomerization can allow a drug with a photo-switchable scaffold such as azobenzene to be activated with light. In principle, photoswitches with desired photophysical properties like high isomerization quantum yields can be identified through virtual screening with reactive simulations. In practice, these simulations are rarely used for screening, since they require hundreds of trajectories and expensive quantum chemical methods to account for non-adiabatic excited state effects. Here we introduce adiabatic artificial neural network(DANN), based on diabatic states, to accelerate such simulations for azobenzene derivatives. The network is six orders of magnitude faster than the quantum chemistry method used for training. DANN is transferable to azobenzene molecules outside the training set, predicting quantum yields for unseen species that are correlated with experiment. We use the model to virtually screen 3100 hypothetical molecules, and identify novel species with high predicted quantum yields. The model predictions are confirmed using high-accuracy non-adiabatic dynamics. Our results pave the way for fast and accurate virtual screening of photoactive compounds.
Pre-existing antibody levels negatively correlate with antibody titers after a single dose of BBV152 vaccination
Authors: Das Suman , Singh Janmejay , Shaman Heena , Singh Balwant , Anantharaj Anbalagan , Sharanabasava Patil , Pandey Rajesh , Lodha Rakesh , Pandey Anil Kumar , Medigeshi Guruprasad R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany adults in India have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine with or without a prior history SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is limited information on the effect of prior immunity on antibody response upon vaccination in India. As immunization of individuals continues, we aimed to assess whether pre-existing antibodies are further boosted by a single dose of BBV152, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and, if these antibodies can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. Here we show that natural infection during the second wave in 2021 led to generation of neutralizing antibodies against other lineages of SARS-CoV-2 including the Omicron variant, albeit at a significantly lower level for the latter. A single dose of BBV152 boosted antibody titers against the Delta and the Omicron variants but the antibody levels remained low against the Omicron variant. Boosting of antibodies showed negative correlation with baseline neutralizing antibody titers.
Microrheology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in wound beds
Authors: Rahman Minhaz Ur , Fleming Derek F. , Wang Liyun , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Gordon Vernita D. , Christopher Gordon F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new technique was used to measure the viscoelasticity of in vivo Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This was done through ex vivo microrheology measurements of in vivo biofilms excised from mouse wound beds. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the mechanics of in vivo biofilms have been measured. In vivo results are then compared to typical in vitro measurements. Biofilms grown in vivo are more relatively elastic than those grown in a wound-like medium in vitro but exhibited similar compliance. Using various genetically mutated P. aeruginosa strains, it is observed that the contributions of the exopolysaccharides Pel, Psl, and alginate to biofilm viscoelasticity were different for the biofilms grown in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments with collagen containing medium suggest this likely arises from the incorporation of host material, most notably collagen, into the matrix of the biofilm when it is grown in vivo. Taken together with earlier studies that examined the in vitro effects of collagen on mechanical properties, we conclude that collagen may, in some cases, be the dominant contributor to biofilm viscoelasticity in vivo.
Prediction of protected band edge states and dielectric tunable quasiparticle and excitonic properties of monolayer MoSi2N4
Authors: Wu Yabei , Tang Zhao , Xia Weiyi , Gao Weiwei , Jia Fanhao , Zhang Yubo , Zhu Wenguang , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Peihong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure of two-dimensional (2D) materials are inherently prone to environmental perturbations, which may pose significant challenges to their applications in electronic or optoelectronic devices. A 2D material couples with its environment through two mechanisms: local chemical coupling and nonlocal dielectric screening effects. The local chemical coupling is often difficult to predict or control experimentally. Nonlocal dielectric screening, on the other hand, can be tuned by choosing the substrates or layer thickness in a controllable manner. Therefore, a compelling 2D electronic material should offer band edge states that are robust against local chemical coupling effects. Here it is demonstrated that the recently synthesized MoSi2N4 is an ideal 2D semiconductor with robust band edge states protected from capricious environmental chemical coupling effects. Detailed many-body perturbation theory calculations are carried out to illustrate how the band edge states of MoSi2N4 are shielded from the direct chemical coupling effects, but its quasiparticle and excitonic properties can be modulated through the nonlocal dielectric screening effects. This unique property, together with the moderate band gap and the thermodynamic and mechanical stability of this material, paves the way for a range of applications of MoSi2N4 in areas including energy, 2D electronics, and optoelectronics.
Nondestructive identification of softness via bioinspired multisensory electronic skins integrated on a robotic hand
Authors: Qiu Ye , Sun Shenshen , Wang Xueer , Shi Kuanqiang , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Xiaolong , Zhang Wenan , Bao Guanjun , Tian Ye , Zhang Zheng , Ding Hao , Chai Hao , Liu Aiping , Wu Huaping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTactile sensing is essentially required for dexterous manipulation in robotic applications. Mimicking human perception of softness identification in a non-invasive fashion, thus achieving satisfactory interaction with fragile objects remains a grand challenge. Here, a scatheless measuring methodology based on the multisensory electronic skins to quantify the elastic coefficient of soft materials is reported. This recognition approach lies in the preliminary classification of softness by piezoelectric signals with a modified machine learning algorithm, contributing to an appropriate contact force assignment for subsequent quantitative measurements via strain sensing feedback. The integration of multifunctional sensing system allows the manipulator to hold capabilities of self-sensing and adaptive grasping motility in response to objects with the various softness (i.e., kPa-MPa). As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the biomimetic manipulator cooperates with the robotic arm to realize the intelligent sorting of oranges varying in freshness, paving the way for the development of microsurgery robots, human-machine interfacing, and advanced prosthetics.
Plant tissue characteristics of Miscanthus x giganteus
Authors: Pisani Oliva , Liebert Dan , Strickland Timothy C. , Coffin Alisa W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs part of a study identifying relationships between environmental variables and insect distributions within a bioenergy crop, giant miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) samples were collected in October 2016 at 33 locations within a field in southeast Georgia, USA. At each location, one plant sample was collected every 3 to 4 m along a 15 m transect, resulting in 5 replicates per sampling location. The plant samples were separated into leaves and stems, dried, and ground. The chemical composition of the ground material was assessed by measuring total carbon and nitrogen, total macro- and micronutrients (aluminum, arsenic, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead, sulfur, selenium, silicon, titanium, vanadium, and zinc) using Inductively Coupled Plasma with Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and optical characteristics of the water extractable organic matter (WEOM) using UV-Visible and Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. This dataset will be useful to identify relationships between the chemical composition of giant miscanthus tissues and pest distributions within a bioenergy crop field.