bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of fluid flow and heat transfer of a periodic magnetohydrodynamics nano non‐Newtonian liquid with Arrhenius activation energy and nonlinear radiation
Authors: Reza‐E‐Rabbi Sk. , Ahmmed Sarder Firoz , Islam Saiful , Arifuzzaman S. M. , Rana B. M. J. , Ali Md. Yousuf , Al‐Mamun Abdullah , Khan Md. Shakhaoath 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe focus of this study is to better understand the boundary layer phenomena of nonlinear radiative nano non‐Newtonian (Casson) fluid flow caused by a stretched periphery with a periodic magnetic field and Arrhenius activation energy. The time‐based controlling equations are translated into a suitable dimensionless form using the explicit finite difference (EFD) approach. However, to make the solution convergent, detailed stability and convergence criteria have been devised. In addition, the oscillatory form of velocity, isothermal, and streamline profiles, as well as the conventional shape of other flow fields are displayed. Using tabular analysis, a correlation between non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluids has even been demonstrated. When the radiative heat flux is evaluated in a linear pattern rather than a nonlinear one, the Lorentz force has been demonstrated to diminish the flow profiles convincingly. Also, another finding is that when the magnetic factor is considered in the sinusoidal form it is controlling the heat transfer factors of nanofluid substantially. As a chemical reaction requires a high‐temperature mechanism to proceed, the scientific principles of activation energy are evaluated in the inclusion of thermal radiation of nonlinear patterns, and the mass transmission is severely influenced. However, in the presence of nonlinear radiation, the Brownian motion of the Casson fluid particles, as well as the thermophoresis phenomena has effectively elevated the temperature field rather than the linear one. The current study has implications for prostate cancer treatment. Nanoparticles have been used to treat cancer, and magnetic fields have been used to regulate the drug emission of the particles.
Skin cancer risk factors among Black South Africans—The Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995–2016
Authors: Ndlovu Babongile C. , Sengayi‐Muchengeti Mazvita , Wright Caradee Y. , Chen Wenlong C. , Kuonza Lazarus , Singh Elvira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Black population has lower skin cancer incidence compared to White, Indian/Asian, and Mixed‐race populations in South Africa; however, skin cancer still exists in the Black population. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with skin cancer among Black South Africans.Materials and MethodsA case‐control study was conducted. Cases were patients with keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and/or melanoma skin cancers (MSCs) and controls were cardiovascular patients. Sociodemographic exposures, environmental health variables, smoking, and HIV status were assessed. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with KCs and MSCs.ResultsThe KCs histological subtypes showed that there were more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (78/160 in females, and 72/160 in males) than basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The SCC lesions were mostly found on the skin of the head and neck in males (51%, 38/72) and on the trunk in females (46%, 36/78). MSC was shown to affect the skin of the lower limbs in both males (68%, 27/40) and females (59%, 36/61). Using females as a reference group, when age, current place of residency, type of cooking fuel used, smoking, and HIV status were adjusted for, males had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for developing KCs (confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–3.84, p = .028). Similarly, when age, current place of residency, and place of cooking (indoors or outdoors) were adjusted for, males had an OR of 2.26 for developing MSC (CI: 1.19–4.29, p = .012).ConclusionsDifferences in the anatomical distribution of KCs by sex suggest different risk factors between sexes. There is a positive association between being male, smoking, rural dwelling, and a positive HIV status with KCs and being male and rural dwelling with MSC. The rural dwelling was a newly found association with skin cancer and warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation performance in the management of CIN3 diagnosed pregnant women
Authors: Hampl Monika , Hesselink Albertus T. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Denecke Agnieszka , Einhorn Ina , Reinecke‐Luethge Axel , Geppert Carol I. , Jentschke Matthias ,   Members of the German Study Group of Colposcopy (SGK), Petry Karl U. , Hillemanns Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPregnant women diagnosed with CIN3 have high regression rates after delivery. Biomarkers are needed to only identify pregnant women with progressive CIN requiring treatment to reduce overreferral and overtreatment. In our study we evaluated the performance of the FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test for molecular triage on FFPE samples of CIN3+‐diagnosed pregnant women with known clinical course over time as well in a cross‐sectional setting. In this German multicenter retrospective study biopsy material was collected from pregnant women diagnosed with cervical cancer (n = 16), with CIN3 that progressed to cancer during pregnancy (n = 7), with CIN3 that regressed to CIN1 or less within 6 months after delivery (n = 41), without CIN (n = 16), CIN3 covering 3‐4 quadrants (n = 14) and randomly selected CIN3 (n = 41). FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation analysis was performed blinded on first diagnosis. All pregnant women with cervical cancer and with CIN3 progressing to cancer tested positive for FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation (100%, 22/22). In the regressing CIN3 group 47.5% and in the group without CIN 21.6% tested methylation positive. High‐volume CIN3 and random selected CIN3 were methylation‐positive in 91.7% and 82.1%, respectively. Methylation levels were significantly higher in progressive CIN3 and cancer compared to the controls (P < .0005). The likelihood ratio of a negative methylation test (LR−) for progressive CIN3+ was 0 (95% CI: 0‐0.208). A negative FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test can rule out progressive CIN disease in pregnant women diagnosed with CIN3. This can help the clinician by managing these pregnant women with conservative follow‐up until after delivery.
Murburn model of vision: Precepts and proof of concept
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Bazhin Nikolai , Jaeken Laurent , Nirusimhan Vijay , Faraci Federico , Gideon Daniel A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe classical paradigm of visual physiology comprises of the following features: (i) rod/cone cells located at the rear end of the retina serve as the primary transducers of incoming photo‐information, (ii) cis–trans retinal (C20H28O) transformations on rhodopsin act as the transduction switch to generate a transmittable signal, (iii) signal amplification occurs via GDP‐GTP exchange at transducin, and (iv) the amplified signal is relayed (as an action potential) as a flux‐based ripple of Na−K ions along the axons of neurons. Fundamental physical principles, chemical kinetics, and awareness of architecture of eye/retina prompt a questioning of these classical assumptions. In lieu, based on experimental and in silico findings, a simple space‐time resolved murburn model for the physiology of phototransduction in the retina is presented wherein molecular oxygen plays key roles. It is advocated that: (a) photo‐induced oxygen to superoxide conversion serves as the key step in signal transduction in the visual cycle, (b) all photoactive cells of the retina serve as photoreceptors and rods/cones serve as the ultimate electron source in the retina (deriving oxygen and nutrients from retinal pigmented epithelium), (c) signal amplification is through superoxide mediated phosphorylation of GDP bound to inactive transducin, thereby activating a GDP‐based cascade (a new mechanism for trimeric G‐proteins), and (d) signal relay is primarily an electron movement along the neuron, from dendritic source to synaptic sink. In particular, we specify the roles for the various modules of transducin and GDP‐based activation of phosphodiesterase‐6 in the physiology of visual transduction.
Enabling modernisation, marginalising alternatives? Kenya's agricultural policy and smallholders
Authors: Ajwang Fredrick , Arora Saurabh , Atela Joanes , Onyango Joel , Kyari Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo address intensifying social and environmental challenges, development policy must learn from inclusions and exclusions of past discourses. We analyse Kenya's post‐colonial agricultural policy discourse. Our analysis reveals a near‐exclusive focus on the promotion of agricultural modernisation based on industrial farm inputs, a bureaucratic state and/or ‘the liberalised market’. It was with this thrust to modernise that smallholders (and other farmers) were generally seen as aligning. Smallholders' agency to diverge from modernisation was thus marginalised in the policy discourse. Overall then, the promotion of diverse agroecological and other farmer‐led directions of development was largely missing from Kenya's policy landscape.
Regional walrus abundance estimate in the United States Chukchi Sea in autumn
Authors: Fischbach Anthony S. , Taylor Rebecca L. , Jay Chadwick V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman activities (e.g., shipping, tourism, oil, gas development) have increased in the Chukchi Sea because of declining sea ice. The declining sea ice itself and these activities may affect Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) abundance; however, previous walrus abundance estimates have been notably imprecise. When sea ice is absent from the eastern Chukchi Sea, walruses in waters of the United States usually rest together onshore at a single Alaska coastal haulout, where they can be surveyed more easily than when they rest on dispersed offshore ice floes. We estimated the number of walruses on land (herd size) at this haulout from 13 unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) surveys flown within a 10‐day period in each of 2018 and 2019. We estimated population size of walruses using the haulout over the course of the surveys by combining herd size data with data from satellite‐linked transmitters that indicated whether tagged walruses were in or out of water during each survey. Our estimates of the population size of walruses using the haulout during each year's survey period were similar to each other and more precise than historical walrus abundance estimates: posterior means (95% credibility intervals) were 166,000 (133,000–201,000) for 2018 and 189,000 (135,000–251,000) for 2019. Auxiliary observations support using these estimates to represent the size of the population using the eastern Chukchi Sea in autumn during the surveyed years. Our study site was the only substantial Chukchi Sea coastal haulout in the United States during the survey periods and study‐specific tracking data (consistent with known distribution and movement patterns) indicated tagged walruses remained in eastern Chukchi waters during the survey periods. In addition, the imagery, telemetry, and analytical methods developed for this study advance the prospect for precise range‐wide walrus population size estimates.
Liver ultrasound in cirrhosis is inadequate for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance compared to magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ravindran Nishal , Agarwal Amol , Li Feng , Thuluvath Paul J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe guidelines recommend surveillance with liver ultrasound (US) for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The accuracy of US is operator‐dependent and is limited in those with severe obesity or ascites. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may have higher accuracy for detecting HCC, especially early HCC.ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of US for HCC detection using MRI as the clinical gold standard.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 223 patients with cirrhosis who had both abdominal US and MRI within 6 months of each other, between October 2013 and November 2018. Using MRI as the gold standard for detecting HCC, the test characteristics of US and concordance with MRI were evaluated, and potential patient characteristics associated with the false‐negative US were examined.ResultsOf 223 patients, MRI detected HCC in 70 patients while US detected HCC only in 38; thus, the overall sensitivity of US was 54% in detecting HCC, using MRI as the reference standard. The prevalence‐adjusted and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK) was 0.65 for the entire group. However, PABAK was only 0.04 when the subgroup with HCC (n = 70) was analysed. Higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was the only factor that was associated with decreased US sensitivity, with the odds of false‐negative US increasing by 9.8% for each 1‐point increase in MELD.ConclusionOur study showed that MRI performed better than the US in detecting HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with higher MELD may require an MRI for HCC surveillance for early diagnosis of HCC.
Influences of land reclamation on soil bacterial communities of abandoned salt pans in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhu Yihao , Song Xiliang , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Weifeng , Niu Xuchang , Zhou Weizhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReclamation has been widely accepted as a means to restore abandoned lands. Most studies focused on the improvement of land reclamation explore soil nutrients and microbial activities. However, the effects of time since reclamation on bacterial communities of abandoned salt pans are still unclear. The object of our study are is to: (i) assess the successional change of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in abandoned salt pans with different reclamation histories; and (ii) determine the main limiting factors on the improvement of soil quality in abandoned salt pans. The soils in farmland [reclamation time for blank (RTBL)] and six abandoned salt pans with 1 year (RT1), 2 years (RT2), 3 years (RT3), 4 years (RT4), 8 years (RT8), and 9 years (RT9) since reclamation were sampled to investigate the temporal variation of soil properties, heavy metal content, bacterial community composition, and diversity. Results showed that the soil bulk density (BD), total dissolved salt and median particle size (MMAD) decreased with the increase of time since reclamation, while soil nutrients (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium) showed an opposite trend. The bacterial α‐diversity increased first, then decreased. Land reclamation enhanced the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria but reduced the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes. Compared with RTBL, the soil nutrients and bacterial community structure in RT1, RT2, RT3, and RT4 showed a significant difference. After 8‐9 years (RT8 and RT9) of reclamation, the soil nutrients and bacterial community structure in reclaimed abandoned salt pans showed RTBL. Therefore, time since reclamation is a vital driving force for restoring soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in abandoned salt pans.
Multiscale effects of wind‐induced hydrodynamics on lake plankton distribution
Authors: Sprules William Gary , Cyr Hélène , Menza Charles W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we used a combination of high‐intensity sampling technologies, and a 3D hydrodynamic model of a medium‐sized lake in southern Ontario, Canada to investigate physical–biological relationships at spatial scales from 100 m to 6 km and temporal scales from hours to months. At the scale of the whole study basin, we predicted that stronger winds would lead to higher zooplankton biomass downwind relative to upwind. The hydrodynamic model suggests rapid downwind displacement of progressively deeper surface mixed layers with increasing winds, and we found a statistically higher downwind biomass of small‐bodied zooplankton on windy days, but not large zooplankton. At a fine spatial scale (hundreds of meters), we predicted that zooplankton patchiness would decrease with increasing wind mixing of the upper water column and confirmed this for small‐bodied but not large‐bodied zooplankton. At this fine‐scale cross‐correlations of zooplankton biomass with water temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence suggested that zooplankton are not simply moved passively by water masses. We also found a clear change in the cross‐correlation between large‐ and small‐bodied zooplankton biomass, with out‐of‐phase spatial distributions during calm periods becoming in‐phase with increasing winds. Overall these results indicate that the response of zooplankton to wind‐driven physical forces is strongly dependent on an interaction between their body size, which determines their swimming speed and capacity to position themselves vertically in the water column, and the spatial scale and intensity of the wind‐generated physical forces. We discuss the implications for food web interactions.
Low‐intensity cold atmospheric plasma reduces wrinkles on photoaged skin through hormetic induction of extracellular matrix protein expression in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Ahn Ga Ram , Park Hyung Joon , Koh Young Gue , Shin Sun Hye , Kim Yu Jin , Song Min Gyo , Lee Jung Ok , Hong Hyuck Ki , Lee Kyu Back , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence indicates that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can upregulate the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in dermal fibroblasts and enhance transdermal drug delivery when applied at a low intensity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low‐intensity CAP (LICAP) on photoaging‐induced wrinkles in an animal model and the expression profiles of ECM proteins in human dermal fibroblasts.MethodsEach group was subjected to photoaging induction and allocated to therapy (LICAP, topical polylactic acid (PLA), or both). The wrinkles were evaluated via visual inspection, quantitative analysis, and histology. The expression of collagen I/III and fibronectin was assessed using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. The amount of aqueous reactive species produced by LICAP using helium and argon gas was also measured.ResultsWrinkles significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to those in the untreated control. The differences remained significant for at least 4 weeks. Dermal collagen density increased following LICAP and PLA application. LICAP demonstrated a hormetic effect on ECM protein expression in human dermal fibroblasts. The production of reactive species increased, showing a biphasic pattern, with an initial linear phase and a slow saturation phase. The initial linearity was sustained for a longer time in the helium plasma (~60 s) than in the argon plasma (~15 s).ConclusionLICAP appears to be a novel treatment option for wrinkles on the photodamaged skin. This treatment effect seems to be related to its hormetic effect on dermal ECM production.
Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap preoperative planning: A comparative analysis between dynamic infrared thermography, computerized tomography angiography, and hand‐held Doppler
Authors: Sonda Regina , Pandis Laura , Bassetto Franco , Marchica Paolo , Messana Francesco , Tiengo Cesare , Andres Anto Luigi , Brambullo Tito , Vindigni Vincenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionHand‐held Doppler (HHD) sonography and computerized tomography angiography (CTA) are the common assessment tools for deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap preoperative planning. CTA is considered the gold standard method for preoperative perforator mapping but necessitates contrast medium and X‐ray exposure. Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) does not have these drawbacks and allows the detection of hot and cold spots on a given body area. Our study aimed to compare DIRT, HHD, and CTA in perforator mapping for breast reconstruction using DIEP flap.Patients and MethodsFrom March to September 2020, 12 consecutive patients scheduled for DIEP flap breast reconstruction were preoperatively investigated with HHD, CTA, and DIRT. The patients' mean age was 53 and the mean BMI was 29.23 kg/m2. All the reconstructions were due to breast cancer.The results of preoperative perforator mapping on the lower abdomen were compared among the three techniques. All the evidence was compared to the intraoperative findings, during flap harvesting, to establish if the techniques were able to correctly locate the perforator.ResultsWe detected 178 perforators intraoperatively, 178 with CTA, 178 with DIRT, and 125 with HHD. The latter revealed a lower number of perforator vessels for each patient (10.42 ± 3.58), compared with CTA (14.83 ± 3.04) and DIRT (14.83 ± 4.76). DIRT resulted superior to HHD (p < .05), while no statistically significant difference (p > .05) was found between DIRT and CTA. We calculated a mean sensitivity of 93.87% for CTA, 69.02% for HHD, and 92.06% for DIRT.ConclusionDIRT is a useful tool in the preoperative planning of DIEP flaps, as it provides information about the location of perforators and the hemodynamic properties of angiosomes. It is easy to use, and it does not involve ionizing radiation. DIRT could represent an innovative and promising implementation of CTA and HHD techniques for preoperative perforator mapping in DIEP breast reconstruction.
Bitter Leaf Vernonia amygdalina Extract Enhances Growth, Hematology, Heat Stress Response, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Dandi Samuel Opoku , Abarike Emmanuel Delwin , Ampofo-Yeboah Akwasi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Herbal supplements are suitable for improving fish growth, health, and tolerance to environmental perturbations. In this study, the effects of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina extract (BLE) on growth, hematology, liver health, resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila, and heat stress response in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Experimental fish (average weight = 31 ± 0.30 g [mean ± SD]) held in concrete tanks were fed a control (CT) diet or a diet supplemented with 1, 3, or 5% BLE for 8 weeks. After 4 and 8 weeks, Nile Tilapia that received diets enriched with BLE showed significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to fish that were given the CT diet. Fish that were fed 1% BLE performed significantly better than fish fed the other BLE diets with respect to growth. Fish that were given experimental diets, particularly the 1% BLE diet, showed increased levels of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and total protein compared to fish fed the CT diet. After a challenge test with A. hydrophila, BLE-fed fish showed significantly lower cumulative mortality (%) in comparison with the CT group. Dietary BLE supplementation did not adversely affect the liver of fish, as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels were lower than those in CT fish. Nile Tilapia that received BLE diets showed significantly enhanced WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and HCT after exposure to heat stress relative to the CT group. Among the BLE levels used in this study, the 1% BLE diet consistently produced significant responses on most variables investigated when compared to the higher BLE dietary supplements. Nile Tilapia production can be improved with BLE supplementation in diets, especially at a rate of 1%.