bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Accuracy of the 50 g-Glucose Challenge Test in Twin Compared With Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Hiersch Liran , Shah Baiju R , Berger Howard , Geary Michael , McDonald Sarah D , Murray-Davis Beth , Guan Jun , Halperin Ilana , Retnakaran Ravi , Barrett Jon , Melamed Nir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
The optimal 50 g-glucose challenge test (GCT) cutoff for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies is unknown.

Objective
This work aimed to explore the screening accuracy of the 50 g-GCT and its correlation with the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) newborn in twin compared to singleton pregnancies. A population-based retrospective cohort study (2007-2017) was conducted in Ontario, Canada. Participants included patients with a singleton (n = 546 892 [98.4%]) or twin (n = 8832 [1.6%]) birth who underwent screening for GDM using the 50 g-GCT.

Methods
We compared the screening accuracy, risk of GDM, and risk of LGA between twin and singleton pregnancies using various 50 g-GCT cutoffs.

Results
For any given 50 g-GCT result, the probability of GDM was higher (P = .0.007), whereas the probability of LGA was considerably lower in the twin compared with the singleton group, even when a twin-specific growth chart was used to diagnose LGA in the twin group (P &lt; .001). The estimated false-positive rate (FPR) for GDM was higher in twin compared with singleton pregnancies irrespective of the 50 g-GCT cutoff used. The cutoff of 8.2 mmol/L (148 mg/dL) in twin pregnancies was associated with an estimated FPR (10.7%-11.1%) that was similar to the FPR associated with the cutoff of 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) in singleton pregnancies (10.8%).

Conclusion
The screening performance of the 50 g-GCT for GDM and its correlation with LGA differ between twin and singleton pregnancies.
An “Anxiety Epidemic” in the Financialized University
Authors: Haiven Max , Komporozos-Athanasiou Aris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFinancialization is transforming social subjects and institutions, including the university. This article explores overlooked links between the financialization of public postsecondary education on both sides of the North Atlantic and the ongoing “anxiety epidemic” among students (and, indeed, staff). The article argues that the “anxious university” represents a unique space to study the economic, political, social, and cultural impact of the rise in power and influence of the financial sector. By unraveling the complex sociological dimensions of the anxiety epidemic, we offer a vantage on the emergence of new forms and platforms of struggle within, against, and beyond financialization.
Dhx38 is required for the maintenance and differentiation of erythro-myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells by alternative splicing
Authors: Tu Jiayi , Yu Shanshan , Li Jingzhen , Ren Mengmeng , Zhang Yangjun , Luo Jiong , Sun Kui , Lv Yuexia , Han Yunqiao , Huang Yuwen , Ren Xiang , Jiang Tao , Tang Zhaohui , Williams Mark Thomas Shaw , Lu Qunwei , Liu Mugen 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Mutations that occur in RNA-splicing machinery may contribute to hematopoiesis-related diseases. How splicing factor mutations perturb hematopoiesis, especially in the differentiation of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs), remains elusive. Dhx38 is a pre-mRNA splicing-related DEAH box RNA helicase, for which the physiological functions and splicing mechanisms during hematopoiesis currently remain unclear. Here, we report that Dhx38 exerts a broad effect on definitive EMPs as well as the differentiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In dhx38 knockout zebrafish, EMPs and HSPCs were found to be arrested in mitotic prometaphase, accompanied by a ‘grape’ karyotype, owing to the defects in chromosome alignment. Abnormal alternatively spliced genes related to chromosome segregation, the microtubule cytoskeleton, cell cycle kinases and DNA damage were present in the dhx38 mutants. Subsequently, EMPs and HSPCs in dhx38 mutants underwent P53-dependent apoptosis. This study provides novel insights into alternative splicing regulated by Dhx38, a process that plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of fetal EMPs and HSPCs.
Development of dim-light vision in the nocturnal reef fish family Holocentridae. I: Retinal gene expression
Authors: Fogg Lily G. , Cortesi Fabio , Lecchini David , Gache Camille , Marshall N. Justin , de Busserolles Fanny 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Developmental changes to the visual systems of animals are often associated with ecological shifts. Reef fishes experience a change in habitat between larval life in the shallow open ocean to juvenile and adult life on the reef. Some species also change their lifestyle over this period and become nocturnal. While these ecological transitions are well documented, little is known about the ontogeny of nocturnal reef fish vision. Here, we used transcriptomics to investigate visual development in 12 representative species from both subfamilies, Holocentrinae (squirrelfishes) and Myripristinae (soldierfishes), in the nocturnal coral reef fish family, Holocentridae. Results revealed that the visual systems of holocentrids are initially well adapted to photopic conditions with pre-settlement larvae having high levels of cone opsin gene expression and a broad cone opsin gene repertoire (8 genes). At reef settlement, holocentrids started to invest more in their scotopic visual system, and compared with adults, showed upregulation of genes involved in cell differentiation/proliferation. By adulthood, holocentrids had well developed scotopic vision with high levels of rod opsin gene expression, reduced cone opsin gene expression and repertoire (1–4 genes) and upregulated phototransduction genes. Finally, although the two subfamilies shared similar ecologies across development, their visual systems diverged after settlement, with Myripristinae investing more in scotopic vision than Holocentrinae. Hence, both ecology and phylogeny are likely to determine the development of the holocentrid visual system.
Sport-Specific Crossover Point Differences during a Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test
Authors: Stanzione Joseph R. , Brooks George A. , Bruneau Michael L. , French Duncan N. , Nasser Jennifer A. , Smith Sinclair A. , Volpe Stella L. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction/PurposeThe crossover point occurs during exercise when one transitions energy substrates from fat to carbohydrate predominance. The crossover point varies in an intensity-dependent manner; however, less is known about its specificity in sports with varying metabolic demands. The purpose of our study was to determine if various sports yield differences in the time to crossover and heart rate and percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) at crossover during a standardized exercise protocol.MethodsA total of 77 athletes (39 women, 38 men; 39.1 ± 10.4 yr of age) were measured for respiratory exchange ratio during a modified Taylor V˙O2maxtreadmill test. Sports included running (n= 20), triathlon (n= 20), rowing (n= 20), and CrossFit (n= 17). A one-way ANOVA determined differences in time to crossover. A Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to determine differences between sport types for percent V˙O2maxand heart rate at crossover. Bonferroni correction procedures were used to control the family-wise error rate and maintain alpha levels atP< 0.05.ResultsAverage time to crossover for all athletes was 3:43 ± 1:12 min. Times to crossover for runners, triathletes, rowers, and CrossFit athletes were 4:16 ± 0:58, 3:28 ± 1:08, 4:00 ± 1:23, and 3:01 ± 0:58 min, respectively. Significant differences were observed between groups for time to crossover (P= 0.007) and percent V˙O2maxat crossover (P= 0.01). Pairwise analyses revealed that runners had a significantly longer time to crossover compared with CrossFit athletes (P= 0.009). Triathletes’ percent V˙O2maxat crossover was significantly lower than rowers (P= 0.04) and runners (P= 0.04).ConclusionsWe found significant differences in time to crossover between runners and CrossFit athletes, which suggests that substrate use may be dependent on sport type.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated-protein-4 +49A/G-allele (rs231775) single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with acute allograft renal transplantation rejection: A multilevel modelling of meta-analysis
Authors: Daryanto Besut , Purnomo Athaya Febriantyo 
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute renal transplant rejection is believed to be an immunological phenomenon and is one of the most serious consequences of transplantation as a treatment for end-stage renal illness. In recent decades, numerous research has been conducted to investigate the relationship between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 +49A/G (CTLA-4 +49A/G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the likelihood of rejection; nevertheless, the results are still controversial, and inconsistency has been documented among investigations. Consequently, the purpose of the present investigation was to conduct a study on the relation between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and risk of transplant rejection. Methods: The study was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Retrospective and prospective analytical randomized control trial (RCTs) published prints from Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of science were included to the study in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted on February 2nd, 2022, using the search term (cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 OR CTLA-4) AND (gene polymorphism OR single nucleotide polymorphisms OR allele OR alleles OR genotype OR genotypes) AND (renal OR kidney) AND (transplant OR transplantation) AND (acute rejection). Results: The CTLA-4 G-allele/GG-genotype was more likely to be related to renal transplantation rejection risk. It was found with odds ratio (OR) in overall analysis of G vs. A-allele was 1.22 (95%CI 1.05-1.42; p-value=0.01) and the OR of GG vs. AG+AA-genotype was 1.47 (95%CI 1.14-1.89; p-value=0.003). However, the AA-genotype was not associated with renal transplantation rejection risk. The interesting finding in this study was the association of the SNPs and rejection of renal transplantation was especially found in Asian sub-analysis. Conclusions: Consequently, the CTLA-4 G-allele/GG-genotype is related to the likelihood of rejection in patients underwent renal transplantation.
Endogenizing Discretion in Disclosures
Authors: Arya Anil , Ramanan Ram N. V. 
Published: August 2022

A firm’s publicly available information reflects ex ante committed information releases and ex post discretionary disclosures. In a setting wherein a firm’s CEO is concerned with stock market valuation and confrontations with the employee union, this paper endogenizes when the CEO retains ex post disclosure discretion and when the CEO curtails discretion, opting instead to ex ante commit to not gathering information or publicly disclosing information. The underlying economic forces entail a trade-off between the time-inconsistency problem (the CEO’s ex post preferences can diverge from the CEO’s ex ante goals) and how silence (absence of information) under the ex ante and ex post paths is valued differentially by the union. In effect, silence under different systems “speaks” differently, and this influences both the labor union’s incentives to engage in bargaining with the firm and the stock market’s pricing of the firm’s equity.This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting.
Intertemporal Pricing via Nonparametric Estimation: Integrating Reference Effects and Consumer Heterogeneity
Authors: Jiang Hansheng , Cao Junyu , Shen Zuo-Jun Max 
Published: August 2022

Problem definition: We consider intertemporal pricing in the presence of reference effects and consumer heterogeneity. Our research question encompasses how to estimate heterogeneous consumer reference effects from data and how to efficiently compute the optimal pricing policy. Academic/practical relevance: Understanding reference effects is essential for designing pricing policies in modern retailing. Our work contributes to this area by incorporating consumer heterogeneity under arbitrary distributions. Methodology: We propose a mixed logit demand model that allows arbitrary joint distributions of valuations, responsiveness to prices, and responsiveness to reference prices among consumers. We use a nonparametric estimation method to learn consumer heterogeneity from transaction data. Further, we formulate the pricing optimization as an infinite horizon dynamic programming problem and solve it by applying a modified policy iteration algorithm. Results: Moreover, we investigate the structure of optimal pricing policies and prove the suboptimality of constant pricing policies even when all consumers are loss-averse according to the classical definition. Our numerical studies show that our estimation and optimization framework improves the expected revenue of retailers via accounting for heterogeneity. We validate our model using real data from JD.com, a large E-commerce retailer, and find empirical evidence of consumer heterogeneity. Managerial implications: In practice, ignoring consumer heterogeneity may lead to a significant loss of revenue. Furthermore, heterogeneous reference effect offers a strong motive for promotions and price fluctuations. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2020 MSOM Data Driven Research Challenge. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71991462]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1134 .
Understanding the influence of nursing staff characteristics on the use of seclusion and restraint in the adult forensic inpatient setting: a systematic literature review
Authors: Barr Lesley , Wynaden Dianne , Heslop Karen 
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims Seclusion and restraint use in health care is controversial. Such practices occur more frequently in forensic mental health settings than in acute mental health settings. There is growing interest in staff factors and their influence on such practices. The aim of this review was to identify and appraise studies that explore whether nursing staff characteristics, including age, gender, ethnicity and physical stature, influenced the use of these practices in forensic mental health settings. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched to identify research studies published between 2010–2020. The search yielded 1085 articles, three of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results There was no significant correlation between age, gender and experience and the tendency to use seclusion and restraint. No studies examined ethnicity, physical stature, seniority or role. Conclusions The results demonstrate a paucity of research on nursing staff characteristics and their influence on seclusion and restraint in this setting. Such research may inform violence prevention strategies.
Field evaluation of a novel, rapid diagnostic assay, and molecular epidemiology of enterotoxigenic E. coli among Zambian children presenting with diarrhea
Authors: Silwamba Suwilanji , Chilyabanyama Obvious N. , Liswaniso Fraser , Chisenga Caroline C. , Chilengi Roma , Dougan Gordon , Kwenda Geoffrey , Chakraborty Subhra , Simuyandi Michelo 
Published: August 2022

Background
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the top aetiologic agents of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in low-middle income countries (LMICs). The lack of point of care diagnostic tools for routine ETEC diagnosis results in limited data regarding the actual burden and epidemiology in the endemic areas. We evaluated performance of the novel Rapid LAMP based Diagnostic Test (RLDT) for detection of ETEC in stool as a point of care diagnostic assay in a resource-limited setting.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 324 randomly selected stool samples from children under 5 presenting with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD). The samples were collected between November 2012 to September 2013 at selected health facilities in Zambia. The RLDT was evaluated by targeting three ETEC toxin genes [heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxins (STh and STp)]. Quantitative PCR was used as the “gold standard” to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RLDT for detection of ETEC. We additionally described the prevalence and seasonality of ETEC.

Results
The study included 324 participants, 50.6% of which were female. The overall prevalence of ETEC was 19.8% by qPCR and 19.4% by RLDT. The children between 12 to 59 months had the highest prevalence of 22%. The study determined ETEC toxin distribution was LT 28/321(9%), ST 18/321(6%) and LT/ST 16/321(5%). The sensitivity and specificity of the RLDT compared to qPCR using a Ct 35 as the cut-off, were 90.7% and 97.5% for LT, 85.2% and 99.3% for STh and 100% and 99.7% for STp, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that RLDT is sufficiently sensitive and specific and easy to implement in the endemic countries. Being rapid and simple, the RLDT also presents as an attractive tool for point-of-care testing at the health facilities and laboratories in the resource-limited settings.
Implementation of the Community Assets Supporting Transitions (CAST) transitional care intervention for older adults with multimorbidity and depressive symptoms: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: McAiney Carrie , Markle-Reid Maureen , Ganann Rebecca , Whitmore Carly , Valaitis Ruta , Urajnik Diana J. , Fisher Kathryn , Ploeg Jenny , Petrie Penelope , McMillan Fran , McElhaney Janet E. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Older adults with multimorbidity experience frequent care transitions, particularly from hospital to home, which are often poorly coordinated and fragmented. We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to test the implementation and effectiveness of Community Assets Supporting Transitions (CAST), an evidence-informed nurse-led intervention to support older adults with multimorbidity and depressive symptoms with the aim of improving health outcomes and enhancing transitions from hospital to home. This trial was conducted in three sites, representing suburban/rural and urban communities, within two health regions in Ontario, Canada.

Purpose
This paper reports on facilitators and barriers to implementing CAST.

Methods
Data collection and analysis were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research framework. Data were collected through study documents and individual and group interviews conducted with Care Transition Coordinators and members from local Community Advisory Boards. Study documents included minutes of meetings with research team members, study partners, Community Advisory Boards, and Care Transition Coordinators. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Findings
Intervention implementation was facilitated by: (a) engaging the community to gain buy-in and adapt CAST to the local community contest; (b) planning, training, and research meetings; (c) facilitating engagement, building relationships, and collaborating with local partners; (d) ensuring availability of support and resources for Care Transition Coordinators; and (e) tailoring of the intervention to individual client (i.e., older adult) needs and preferences. Implementation barriers included: (a) difficulties recruiting and retaining intervention staff; (b) difficulties engaging older adults in the intervention; (c) balancing tailoring the intervention with delivering the core intervention components; and (c) Care Transition Coordinators’ challenges in engaging providers within clients’ circles of care.

Conclusion
This research enhances our understanding of the importance of considering intervention characteristics, the context within which the intervention is being implemented, and the processes required for implementing transitional care intervention for complex older adults.
Clinical and biochemical predictors and predictive model of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Manosroi Worapaka , Tacharearnmuang Natthanan , Atthakomol Pichitchai 
Published: August 2022

Background
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. The diagnosis of PA currently requires multiple complicated measures. The aims of this study were to identify easy-to-obtain clinical and biochemical predictors, and to create predictive model to facilitate the identification of a patient at high risk of having PA.

Materials and methods
This 2-year retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care medical center. A total of 305 patients who had been tested for plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were identified. Patients with incomplete results of PAC and PRA and those who had an established diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome or pheochromocytoma were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors and to create predictive model of PA.

Results
PA was diagnosed in 128 of the patients (41.96%). Significant predictive factors for PA were age >60 years (OR 2.12, p = 0.045), female (OR 1.65, p<0.001), smoking (OR 2.79, p<0.001), coronary artery disease (OR 2.29, p<0.001), obstructive sleep apnea (OR 1.50, p = 0.017), systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg (OR 1.15, P<0.001), serum potassium <3 mEq/L (OR 3.72, p = 0.030), fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL (OR 0.48, p = 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (OR 1.79, p = 0.001). Predictive model was created with a total score ranged from 0 to 42. A score above 7.5 indicated a higher probability of having PA with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 70%. The diagnostic performance of the predictive model based on area under the curve was 71%.

Conclusions
The clinical and biochemical predictive factors including predictive model identified in this study can be employed as an additional tool to help identify patients at risk of having PA and could help reduce the number of screening and confirmation tests required for PA.