bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Some Egyptian Plant Extracts: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Elazab Sara T. , Arafa Fadwa M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Toxoplasmosis is a globally widespread parasitic disease which causes major health problems in human and animals. This research was conducted to assess the effect of some Egyptian herbal extracts against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in vitro.

Methods
The methanol extracts of Withania somnifera, Cyper rotundus, Acacia nilotica,Chrysanthemum cinerariae folium, Anethum graveolens, Raphanus sativus, Ceratonia siliqua, Elettaria cardamomum and Cuminum cyminum were tested against T. gondii tachyzoites.

Results
Among the tested plants, the extracts from Raphanus sativus, Cuminum cyminum, and Ceratonia siliqua exhibited high anti-Toxoplasma activities at 50 µg/ml, relative to sulfadiazine. They showed low IC50 values on T. gondii (7.92, 9.47 and 13.52 µg/ml, respectively) and high selectivity index values (100.79, 59.19, and 29.05, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings indicated evident morphological changes in tachyzoites treated with these three herbal extracts.

Conclusion
Raphanus sativus, Ceratonia siliqua, and Cuminum cyminum methanol extracts could be promising sources of new medicament for toxoplasmosis.
Video labelling robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and the role of artificial intelligence (AI): training a novice
Authors: Cheikh Youssef Samy , Hachach-Haram Nadine , Aydin Abdullatif , Shah Taimur T. , Sapre Nikhil , Nair Rajesh , Rai Sonpreet , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVideo labelling is the assigning of meaningful information to raw videos. With the evolution of artificial intelligence and its intended incorporation into the operating room, video datasets can be invaluable tools for education and the training of intelligent surgical workflow systems through computer vision. However, the process of manual labelling of video datasets can prove costly and time-consuming for already busy practising surgeons. Twenty-five robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) procedures were recorded on Proximie, an augmented reality platform, anonymised and access given to a novice, who was trained to develop the knowledge and skills needed to accurately segment a full-length RARP procedure on a video labelling platform. A labelled video was subsequently randomly selected for assessment of accuracy by four practising urologists. Of the 25 videos allocated, 17 were deemed suitable for labelling, and 8 were excluded on the basis of procedure length and video quality. The labelled video selected for assessment was graded for accuracy of temporal labelling, with an average score of 93.1%, and a range of 85.6–100%. The self-training of a novice in the accurate segmentation of a surgical video to the standard of a practising urologist is feasible and practical for the RARP procedure. The assigning of temporal labels on a video labelling platform was also studied and proved feasible throughout the study period.
Prediction and evaluation of high-risk patients with primary biliary cholangitis receiving ursodeoxycholic acid therapy: an early criterion
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Guo Guanya , Li Bo , Zheng Linhua , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Xiufang , Deng Juan , Jia Gui , Zhou Xia , Cui Lina , Guo Changcun , Zhou Xinmin , Leung Patrick S. C. , Gershwin M. Eric , Shang Yulong , Han Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsCurrent treatment guidelines recommend ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as the first-line treatment for new-diagnosed primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. However, up to 40% patients are insensitive to UDCA monotherapy, and evaluation of UDCA response at 12 months may result in long period of ineffective treatment. We aimed to develop a new criterion to reliably identify non-response patients much earlier.MethodsFive hundred sixty-nine patients with an average of 59 months (Median: 53; IQR:32–79) follow-up periods were randomly divided into either the training (70%) or the validation cohort (30%). The efficiency of different combinations of total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) threshold values to predict outcomes was assessed at 1, 3 or 6 month after the initiation of UDCA therapy. The endpoints were defined as adverse outcomes, including liver-related death, liver transplantation and complications of cirrhosis. Adverse outcome-free survival was compared using various published criteria and a proposed new criterion.ResultsA new criterion of evaluating UDCA responses at 1 month was established as: ALP ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and AST ≤ 2 × ULN, and TBIL ≤ 1 × ULN (Xi’an criterion). The 5 year adverse outcome-free survival rate of UDCA responders, defined by Xi’an criterion, was 97%, which was significantly higher than that of those non-responders (64%). An accurate distinguishing high-risk patients’ capacity of Xi’an criterion was confirmed in both early and late-stage PBC.ConclusionsXi’an criterion has a similar or even higher ability to distinguish high-risk PBC patients than other published criteria. Xi’an criterion can facilitate early identification of patients requiring new therapeutic approaches.
Added prognostic value of molecular imaging parameters over proliferation index in typical lung carcinoid: an [18F]FDG PET/CT and SSTR imaging study
Authors: Linguanti Flavia , Abenavoli Elisabetta M. , Briganti Vittorio , Danti Ginevra , Lavacchi Daniele , Matteini Maria , Vaggelli Luca , Novelli Luca , Grosso Anna M. , Mungai Francesco , Mini Enrico , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Miele Vittorio , Sciagrà Roberto , Berti Valentina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic meaning of volumetric and semi-quantitative parameters measured using [18F]FDG PET/CT and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging in patients with typical lung carcinoid (TC), and their relationship with proliferative index (Ki67).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients (38–94 years old, mean: 69.7) with diagnosis of TC who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT and/or SSTR scintigraphy/SPECT with [111In]DTPA-Octreotide plus contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) at staging evaluation. All patients had Ki67 measured and a follow-up (FU) of at least 1 year. SSTR density (SSTRd) was calculated as the percentage difference of tumor/non-tumor ratio at 4 and 24 h post-injection. At PET/CT, metabolic activity was measured using SUVmax and SUVratio; volumetric parameters included MTV and TLG of the primary tumor, measured using the threshold SUV41%. ROC analysis, discriminant analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves (KM) were performed.

Results
11 patients died during FU. Disease stage (localized versus advanced), SUVratio, SUVmax, Ki67, MTV and TLG were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. ROC curves resulted statistically significant for Ki67, SUVratio, SUVmax, MTV and TLG. On multivariate analysis, stage of disease and TLG were significant independent predictors of overall survival (OS). In KM curves, the combination of disease stage and TLG identified four groups with significantly different outcomes (p < 0.005). Metabolic activity (SUVmax and SUVratio) was confirmed as significant independent prognostic factor for OS also in patients with advanced disease, with the best AUC using SUVmax.
In patients with advanced and localized disease, SSTRd proved to be the best imaging prognostic factor for progression and for disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. In localized disease, SSTRd 31.5% identified two subgroups of patients with significant different DFS distribution and in advanced disease, a high cutoff value (58.5%) was a significant predictor of adverse prognosis.

Conclusion
Volumetric and semi-quantitative parameters measured using [18F]FDG PET/CT and SSTR imaging combined with Ki67 may provide a reference for prognosis evaluation of patients with TC, to better stratify risk groups with the goal of developing individualized therapeutic strategies.
Electrical properties of clathrate formed on the basis of a p-type semiconductor with 2D guest positions filled with ferroelectric and propolis
Authors: Maksymych Vitalii , Ivashchyshyn Fedir , Całus Dariusz , Pidluzhna Anna , Gała Marek , Chabecki Piotr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper presents findings on the characteristics of GaSe fourfold-expanded matrix with propolis and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), intercalated in between matrix layers. The nature of changes of impedance frequency behavior, electric loss tangent, and dielectric permittivity under normal conditions, when illumination is applied, and in a constant magnetic field of synthesized intercalate GaSe < NaNO2 > and bi-intercalate GaSe < NaNO2 + Propolis > has been identified. The extraordinary effects have been obtained, indicating that clathrate GaSe < NaNO2 > has immense values of photo- and magneto-capacitive effects while a current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of clathrate GaSe < NaNO2 + Propolis > exhibits the hysteresis behavior typical of memristor structures. The memory effect related to pseudo-capacitive charge accumulation has been found and shown to be due to oxidation–reduction reactions.
Anticandidal action of polyurethane foam: a new modifier with functionalized isothiouronium group
Authors: El-Zahed Mohamed M. , Kiwaan Hala A. , Farhat Asmaa A. M. , Moawed Elhossein A. , El-Sonbati Mervat A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel sorbent of isothiouronium polyurethane foam, PUF-SC(NH2)2, was synthesized from low-cost raw materials (a commercial polyurethane foam). The prepared PUF-SC(NH2)2 was characterized with different tools, the infrared spectra and Boehm test demonstrated the presence of several active groups in the material matrices of PUF-SC(NH2)2. The diffraction analysis and images of the scanning electron microscope showed that the surface structure was amorphous, and Cu(II) salt crystals were embedded on its surface. The polyurethane foam, as a modifier, was applied to enhance antimicrobial activity, and its anticandidal action was studied against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231. Agar well-diffusion test showed a significantly biocidal action of PUF-SC(NH2)2. The anticandidal action was dependent on PUF-SC(NH2)2 dose, while the microbial inhibition increased with increases in PUF-SC(NH2)2 dose and the microbial growth stopped at 26 μg/mL. The PUF-SC(NH2)2-treated yeast was studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM micrographs showed severe morphological changes in the yeast cells including the disruption of the cell membrane structure and the appearance of large vacuoles as well as separation between cell membranes and cell walls. The results indicated that this green synergy of PUF-SC(NH2)2 may have a promising potential in antifungal therapy as an effective biomaterial and other biomedical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Alcohol and breast cancer
Authors: Starek-Świechowicz Beata , Budziszewska Bogusława , Starek Andrzej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women worldwide. In women, breast cancer includes over half of all tumours caused by alcohol. This paper discusses both ethanol metabolism and the mechanisms of mammary tumourigenesis caused by alcohol. Numerous signalling pathways in neoplastic transformation following alcohol consumption in women have been presented. In addition, primary and secondary prevention, phytochemicals, synthetic chemicals, specific inhibitors of enzymes and selective receptor modulators have been described.
Implementation of phase change material for cooling load reduction: a case study for Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Kamel Joseph Alfy , Mina Ehab Mouris , Elsabbagh Ahmed Moneeb 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntegrating a phase change material (PCM) into building envelopes can reduce energy needs in the built environment, and the consequent greenhouse emissions. This research examines the impact of PCM integrated into a traditional wall in Egypt on peak and average cooling energy consumption. A MATLAB code based on the finite volume technique using the Crank-Nicolson method for discretization is implemented. Several benchmark cases and experimental results validate the code. The time-dependent boundary conditions of the cases examined were based on the irradiance and ambient temperatures measured in Cairo, Egypt. Simulations are performed on eight different PCMs, using their real published DSC curve. The study aims to investigate the performance of each PCM at different positions, thicknesses, and wall orientations. The calculations revealed that using the proper PCM type and the proper position could decrease the average by 38.14%, Also the peak heat flux could be decreased by 58.53%.
Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality and existence of the extremal functions with extended kernel
Authors: Liu Zhao 
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the following Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality with extended kernel(0.1)\begin{equation} \int_{\mathbb{R}_+^{n}}\int_{\partial\mathbb{R}^{n}_+} \frac{x_n^{\beta}}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha}}f(y)g(x) {\rm d}y{\rm d}x\leq C_{n,\alpha,\beta,p}\|f\|_{L^{p}(\partial\mathbb{R}_+^{n})} \|g\|_{L^{q'}(\mathbb{R}_+^{n})}, \end{equation}for any nonnegative functions$f\in L^{p}(\partial \mathbb {R}_+^{n})$,$g\in L^{q'}(\mathbb {R}_+^{n})$and$p,\,\ q'\in (1,\,\infty )$,$\beta \geq 0$,$\alpha +\beta >1$such that$\frac {n-1}{n}\frac {1}{p}+\frac {1}{q'}-\frac {\alpha +\beta -1}{n}=1$.We prove the existence of all extremal functions for(0.1). We show that if$f$and$g$are extremal functions for(0.1)then both of$f$and$g$are radially decreasing. Moreover, we apply the regularity lifting method to obtain the smoothness of extremal functions. Finally, we derive the sufficient and necessary condition of the existence of any nonnegative nontrivial solutions for the Euler–Lagrange equations by using Pohozaev identity.
Rate Effect on the Direct Shear Behavior of Granite Rock Bridges at Low to Subseismic Shear Rates
Authors: Luo Guangming , Qi Shengwen , Zheng Bowen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNatural faults are often heterogeneous with spatially variable cohesion caused by healing processes. Using rock bridges as laboratory analogs, we investigate how cohesion‐healed patches rupture at different shear rates. We performed direct shear experiments on granite rock bridges at shear rates from 1 μm/s to 10 mm/s (low to subseismic shear rates), and quantitatively characterized the failure surface morphology by integrating laser scanning with ArcGIS. The results show a notable dependence of both mechanical and morphological characteristics on shear rate. The failure mode transitions from tensile failure at low shear rates to shear failure at subseismic shear rates. At low shear rates, tensile failure forms curved coalescence patterns and undulating failure surfaces with significant roughness and morphological anisotropy. At subseismic shear rates, straighter shear‐formed coalescence patterns are observed. In addition, the peak shear strength, the roughness and morphological anisotropy increase with increasing shear rate within the subseismic rate regime. We explain the observed rate‐dependent behaviors by the energy and geometric features of micro‐cracking mechanisms. We suggest through the variations in 3D morphological parameters that rate effects should be incorporated into models of fault morphology. In addition, the failure surfaces at all shear rates are asymmetric, with asperities more inclined to the direction of the shear load. We find that this asymmetry results from both the fracture of rock bridges and the further shearing after failure, and it can be used to determine the sense of fault displacement.
Numerical Modeling of Gas Hydrate Recycling in Complex Media: Implications for Gas Migration Through Strongly Anisotropic Layers
Authors: Peiraviminaei A. , Gupta S. , Wohlmuth B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBurial driven recycling is an important process in the natural gas hydrate (GH) systems worldwide, characterized by complex multiphysics interactions like gas migration through an evolving gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), competing gas‐water‐hydrate (i.e., fluid‐fluid‐solid) phase transitions, locally appearing and disappearing phases, and evolving sediment properties (e.g., permeability, reaction surface area, and capillary entry pressure). Such a recycling process is typically studied in homogeneous or layered sediments. However, there is mounting evidence that structural heterogeneity and anisotropy linked to normal and inclined fault systems or anomalous sediment layers have a strong impact on the GH dynamics. Here, we consider the impacts of such a structurally complex media on the recycling process. To capture the properties of the anomalous layers accurately, we introduce a fully mass conservative, high‐order, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element based numerical scheme. Moreover, to handle the rapidly switching thermodynamic phase states robustly, we cast the problem of phase transitions as a set of variational inequalities, and combine our DG discretization scheme with a semi‐smooth Newton solver. Here, we present our new simulator, and demonstrate using synthetic geological scenarios, (a) how the presence of an anomalous high‐permeability layer, like a fracture or brecciated sediment, can alter the recycling process through flow‐localization, and more importantly, (b) how an incorrect or incomplete approximation of the properties of such a layer can lead to large errors in the overall prediction of the recycling process.
On Constraining the Mesoscale Eddy Energy Dissipation Time‐Scale
Authors: Mak J. , Avdis A. , David T. , Lee H. S. , Na Y. , Wang Y. , Yan F. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA physically plausible lower bound on the spatially varying geostrophic mesoscale eddy energy dissipation time‐scale within the ocean, related to the geographical energy transfer rate out of the geostrophic mesoscales, is provided by means of a simple and computational inexpensive inverse calculation. Data diagnosed from a high resolution global configuration ocean simulation is supplied to a parameterized model of the geostrophic mesoscale eddy energy, from which the dissipation time‐scale results as a solution to an optimization calculation. We find that the dissipation time‐scale is shortest in the Southern Ocean, in the Western Boundary Currents, and on the western boundaries, consistent with the expectation that these regions are notable sites of baroclinic activity with processes leading to energy transfer out of the geostrophic mesoscales. Although our solution should be interpreted as a lower bound given the assumptions going into the calculation, it serves as an important physically consistent base line reference for further investigations into ocean energetics, as well as for an intended inference calculation that is more complete but also much more complex.
Pesticide data program: 30 years of food residue data and trends
Authors: Pappas Chris , Foos Brenda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe USDA’s Pesticide Data Program (PDP) celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2021 and is one of the world’s largest monitoring programs for pesticide residues. The PDP database contains over 42 million data points for a pesticide paired to a commodity that have resulted from the analysis of nearly 310,000 food samples of 126 different commodities. Over the decades of the program, sampling methods and infrastructure, major milestones, developments, and accomplishments have unfolded. Comparisons of data for four commodities that were in the program early on illustrate that over time pesticide residues on foods change, particularly when new pesticides are registered, and updated data, such as those provided by PDP, are key for exposure and risk assessment.
Adherence to and impact of home-based high-intensity IMT in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study
Authors: Palermo Anne E. , Nash Mark S. , Kirk-Sanchez Neva J. , Cahalin Lawrence P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Study design
The pilot study was completed in 5 phases (Control and 4 phases of IMT) incorporating assessments at Baseline 1 (BL1), BL2, Follow-up 1 (F1), F2, F3, and F4.

Objective
To assess the adherence and impact of a daily high-intensity (80% of max) inspiratory muscle training (IMT) home program with once weekly supervision for people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting
Assessments: research institution or zoom. IMT: participant’s home.

Methods
Participants completed daily IMT in IMT Phase 1 and 2, once weekly in IMT Phase 3, self-selected frequency in IMT Phase 4. All phases had one weekly supervised session except IMT Phase 4. Primary outcomes included adherence and a difficulty score [DS (0- not difficult to 10- the most difficult)]. Secondary outcomes included respiratory function and seated balance.

Results
Data from 10 people with chronic SCI (>1 year) (Cervical level of injury: 6, AIS: A-B, injury duration: 10.9 years 95% CI [3.9, 18.1]) were used in the analysis. Participants completed 69% of their training days in IMT Phase 1 and 65% overall reporting an average DS of 7.4 ± 1.4. Only one participant completed training during IMT Phase 4. One participant’s training load was reduced due to suspected overtraining. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), sustained MIP (SMIP), and total power (TP), improved significantly (p < 0.05) from BL2 to F1.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that people with SCI can perform high-intensity IMT at home to improve inspiratory performance. It is strongly recommended that participants be intermittently monitored for adherence and safety.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration number: NCT04210063.
Diagnostic model development for schizophrenia based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtype-specific expression of metabolic markers
Authors: Zaki Jihan K. , Lago Santiago G. , Rustogi Nitin , Gangadin Shiral S. , Benacek Jiri , van Rees Geertje F. , Haenisch Frieder , Broek Jantine A. , Suarez-Pinilla Paula , Ruland Tillmann , Auyeung Bonnie , Mikova Olya , Kabacs Nikolett , Arolt Volker , Baron-Cohen Simon , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Drexhage Hemmo A. , de Witte Lot D. , Kahn René S. , Sommer Iris E. , Bahn Sabine , Tomasik Jakub 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA significant proportion of the personal and economic burden of schizophrenia can be attributed to the late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disorder. A novel, objective diagnostic approaches could facilitate the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia and improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to identify robust schizophrenia-specific blood biomarkers, with the goal of developing an accurate diagnostic model. The levels of selected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers relevant to metabolic and immune function were measured in healthy controls (n = 26) and recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 36) using multiplexed immunoassays and flow cytometry. Analysis of covariance revealed significant upregulation of insulin receptor (IR) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) levels in T helper cells (F = 10.75, P = 0.002, Q = 0.024 and F = 21.58, P = 2.8 × 10−5, Q = 0.0004, respectively), as well as downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in monocytes (F = 21.46, P = 2.9 × 10−5, Q = 0.0004). The most robust predictors, monocyte GLUT1 and T helper cell CD36, were used to develop a diagnostic model, which showed a leave-one-out cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66–0.92). The diagnostic model was validated in two independent datasets. The model was able to distinguish first-onset, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 34) from healthy controls (n = 39) with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64–0.86), and also differentiated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) from patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (n = 68), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.92). These findings indicate that PBMC-derived biomarkers have the potential to support an accurate and objective differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.