bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminations dans l’accès à l’emploi : une exploration localisée en pays Avesnois
Authors: Anne Denis , Chareyron Sylvain , Leborgne Mathilde , L’Horty Yannick , Petit Pascale 
Published: June 2022

Cette étude exploite le premier test de discrimination sur le marché du travail réalisé à l’échelle de l’ensemble des entreprises d’un territoire fin : l’Avesnois, qui correspond à un arrondissement administratif de 230 000 habitants. Nous exploitons les résultats d’un test de correspondance mené sur un échantillon de près de 1 000 entreprises, tirées au sort au sein d’un ensemble de 9 000 unités légales, auxquelles nous avons proposé un couple de candidatures au début du mois d’octobre 2020. Sur ce territoire particulier et dans le contexte exceptionnel d’une situation économique très déprimée, nous ne détectons pas de discrimination selon l’origine aux seuils usuels de significativité statistique, mais nous détectons un effet de stigmate associé à un lieu de résidence dans un quartier prioritaire de la politique de la ville. Cet effet de discrimination résidentielle n’existe que pour les hommes. La pénalité induite par le lieu de résidence est donc sensible au genre.
Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors in Idiopathic Macular Hole Presentation and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Valentim Carolina C. S. , Iyer Amogh I. , Xu Colin , Muste Justin C. , Li Ang , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To characterize the influence of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors on idiopathic macular hole (IMH) presentation and surgical outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with IMH who underwent surgical repair collected IMH data from optical coherence tomography scans as well as demographic information. Univariate and multivariate regression models interrogated relevant relationships.

RESULTS:

Of 292 eyes analyzed, 223 (76.4%) patients were White and 53 (18.2%) were Black. Mean income was $57,076.9 ± 17,794.7. Black patients presented with 0.05 mm
2
larger IMH area (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.09;
P
= .01) and 69.07 µm wider minimum linear diameter (95% CI, 15.05 to 123.10;
P
= .01). Patients with higher income presented with 3.76 µm narrower base diameter (95% CI, −6.42 to −1.09;
P
= .006).

CONCLUSIONS:
Black patients were associated with larger IMH at presentation, and higher income patients were associated with smaller IMH.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53(6): 333–344.]
Impact of Persistent Retinal Fluid in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Iyer Amogh I. , Muste Justin C , Kalur Aneesha , Talcott Katherine E. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether quantification of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) can be used as a biomarker for predicting visual prognosis in routine clinical practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, nonrandomized cohort study review of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration from January 1, 2012, to March 1, 2018.

RESULTS:

In the 286-patient cohort, the mean baseline, 6-month, and 12-month best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 60.24 ± 18.63, 65.57 ± 16.56, and 65.61 ± 17.37 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters, respectively (
P
< .001). The regression coefficient in the linear mixed effects regression model quantifying the association between eyes in the fourth and first quartile of IRF and 12-month BCVA was −4.14 (95% CI, −6.65 to −1.63) (
P
= .001) ETDRS letters. The regression coefficient quantifying the association between eyes in the fourth and first quartile of SRF and 12-month BCVA was −0.7 (95% CI, −3.07 to 1.27) (
P
= .56) ETDRS letters.

CONCLUSION:
IRF and SRF are valuable biomarkers for BCVA outcomes in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging
2022;53:317–324.]
Effect of Matravasti (Medicated Oil Retention Enema) as Rasayana (Rejuvenative Therapy) in Jarajanya vikar (Problems of Aging) - A Clinical Study
Authors: Dornala Sathya N , Sharma Om Prakash 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
By 2025, there will be 1.2 billion older people in the world, close to three-quarters of them in developing countries, and the WHO estimates that India will have 11% of the total population of senior citizens. The chief aim of geriatrics is to “add life to years” rather than “years to life.” If Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy is applied in the true spirit, it is possible to achieve the desired goal. The tremendous potential of Ayurveda may be tapped for the benefits of day-to-day problems of geriatric patients, thereby offering greater and more viable scope for geriatrics in Ayurveda in the future. This study is an attempt in this direction. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether Matravasti shows multiple effects on different bodily systems (Rasayana) for the mitigation of aging-associated problems (Jarajanya vikara).

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-two patients (56 males + 26 females) suffering from common problems of old age were registered for the study during December 2009 to December 2011 after having informed consent from them, out of which 16 patients (6 males + 10 females) were dropped out. The remaining 66 subjects were studied in detail. Matravasti was administered 21 times with Balashwagandhadi tailam (medicated oil) on alternate days with a dosage of 50–80 ml accordingly (approximately at 1 ml per kg body weight). After the completion of 21 sittings of Matravasti, posttest was done. All the patients were again reviewed after 6 months just to confirm the sustainability of the Matravasti effects. Fourteen clinical parameters involving different systems were considered for pretest and posttest assessment based on the available standard scales and self-rated scores to see the effect of Matravasti.

Results and Discussion:
Among all clinical parameters considered for the study, maximum improvement was found in sleep disturbances (67.5%) followed by gait balance deficit (56.25%), emotional status (55.1%), urinary incontinence (55%), mobility (53.96%), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (51.3%), ADL (50.8%), constipation (49.5%), cognitive status (48.78%), pain (48.14%), dyspnea (47.25%), hearing impairment (42.5%), visual impairment (41.8%), dermatological manifestations (41.17%), and involuntary movements (22.2%). Patients also found a positive effect on their associated complaints such as hypertension, gastric troubles, loss of appetite, dementia, and parkinsonism.

Conclusion:
The overall effect observed after this trial was Fair (25%–50% of improvement) in 38 cases, Good response (51–75% response) in 26 cases, and the Best response (>75%) in 2 cases. Moreover, the maximum benefit observed among all the cases was 81.8% and the least effect was 25%. After the study, it is evident that Matravasti, particularly with Balashwagandhadi tailam, shown multifaceted action (due to Rasayana property) and is a highly appreciated therapeutic measure in geriatric conditions.
Stability study of Sarpagandha ghana vati - A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Bajiya Manohar , Aggarwal Punam , Galib R. , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar , Yadav Pramod R. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Shelf life is the time period until a product retains its therapeutic attributes and fit for use, consumption, or sale. Every product in this universe has definite shelf life. In Ayurveda texts, shelf life is referred as Saviryata avadhi that is defined as the time period during which the potency (Virya) of any drug remains unaffected. As per the regulations of Government of India, it is mandatory to mention shelf life on all marketed products on their labels. Sarpagandha ghana vati is an important formulation being used in Ayurvedic therapeutics; however, its shelf life is not reported till date.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf life of Sarpagandha ghana vati through accelerated stability study.

Materials and Methods:
The formulation was prepared using authentic raw material and by following classical guidelines in the departmental laboratory. Shelf life was evaluated by analyzing changes in physicochemical profiles of the product after keeping it at specific temperature (40 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (75 ± 5%). Analysis was carried out at the intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months. Average 10% degradation time was calculated and extrapolated to find the shelf life as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.

Results and Conclusion:
The shelf life of Sarpagandha ghana vati was found to be 16 months, which is higher than the average time period mentioned in the classical literature and lower than the time specified in the Gazette of India.
Development and Validation of Vikrti Measuring Scale – A Pilot Study
Authors: Patil Suchitra S. , Singh Amit , Nagarathna R. , Nagendra H. R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This is a preliminary report on the development of a scale to measure the pathology of tridoshas in a group of diseases by using the concepts of Āyurveda.

Design:
The 97-item tridosha diagnosis scale (TDS) was developed based on the translation of Sanskrit verses describing vātaja (V), pittaja (P), and kaphaja (K) vikrti-vriddhi-kshaya and by taking the opinions of experts (fifteen Āyurveda experts, five psychiatrists, and five psychologists).

Settings:
Arogyadhama holistic health hospital, VYASA, Bangalore, India.

Subjects:
Thirty-five samples with a history of Diabetes, Back pain, Knee pain, Acidity, and cancer were included in the study. The patients with chronic illness and Cardiac diseases were excluded.

Results:
The TDS was associated with excellent internal consistency. The Cronbach's alpha for V, P, and K vriddhi and kshaya scales were 0.939,0.945,0.853, 0.867,0.942,0.785 respectively. The Split-Half reliability for V, P, and K vriddhi, kshaya scales were 0.927, 0.962, 0.883, 0.848, 0.960, 0.688, respectively. Scores on vātaja, pittaja, and kaphaja scales were inversely correlated, suggesting that they are mutually exclusive. The three subgroups of back pain, acidity, diabetes had significantly high loadings on the vata vriddhi, pitta vriddhi, kapha vriddhi, respectively. While five cancer patients had significantly high loadings on vataja and kaphaja vriddhi, respectively. Factor analysis revealed that 70 items had good construct validity.

Conclusion:
The TDS is a reliable and valid instrument. The scores on each of these doshas help in planning intervention.
A Survey on Supply Status of Shilajatu (Asphaltum Punjabinum) its Sources, Processing Media and Cost in India
Authors: Singh Rohit , Yadav Pramod , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Survey studies are used as a tool to analyze and explore human knowledge and practices in reference to a particular attribute. It is also used to assess the status of raw materials, drugs, etc. In the market to find out price variation, quality, adulteration, etc. It comprises a variety of data collection techniques with the most common being questionnaires and interviews. Ayurvedic medicines and products got a huge surge in its demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shilajatu is one such drug whose increased worldwide consumption leads to scarcity, replacing with substitutes or adulterants to the sample and, in turn, compromising the quality, safety, and efficacy of the products. A current survey study has been planned to document the different aspects pertaining to Shilajatu, i.e., availability status, price, etc.

Methodology:
A questionnaire comprising open- and closed ended questions was designed and a survey (face-to-face interview) was conducted at preidentified major supply markets of Shilajatu in India.

Results:
A wide range of variation in price/kg of Shilajatu has been found in the study. It has been revealed that the major supply of Shilajatu in India is from Nepal, commonly used processing media is water, and trading cost ranges between Rs. 350 to Rs. 2200/kg and Rs. 1500 to Rs. 10,000/kg for Ashuddha and Shuddha Shilajatu, respectively.

Conclusion:
The present study provides comprehensive data pertaining to supply sources, type, price, processing media, and availability of Shilajatu in India and emphasizes the urgent need of strict regulatory provisions for crucial drugs such as Shilajatu.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Treatment Modalities in the Management of Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus—A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Sanjay C. J. , Patil Karthikeya , Guledgud Mahima V. , Deshpande Prasannasrinivas , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Panda Romali 
Published: June 2022

Context:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa. OLP is currently managed by various treatment protocols, the most common being topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or photo-biomodulation, is gaining popularity as a palliative treatment for OLP.

Aim:
The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of LLLT, topical corticosteroid therapy, or a combination of both in the management of OLP.

Settings and Design:
Thirty patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as OLP were randomly selected and divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 10) received topical corticosteroid therapy (TCT); Group 2 (n = 10) received LLLT; and Group 3 (n = 10) received combination of both the therapies.

Materials and Method:
Each group of patients received treatment in five sessions of their respective therapy over the course of 15 days, with a three-day interval between each follow-up. The VAS (visual analogue scale) was used to collect data on pain. The percentage of healing was calculated using the WHO oral mucositis assessment scale, the global healing index, and the WU et al. (2010) disease grading system.

Results:
A reduction in scores in VAS, WHO oral mucositis assessment scale, global healing index, and WU et al. (2010) disease scoring system with the combination of LLLT and topical corticosteroid therapy was observed.

Conclusion:
Both LLLT and TCT were effective against the symptom control and improvement in clinical manifestation of oral lichen planus, nevertheless; a combination of the two was found to be more beneficial in treatment of symptomatic OLP.
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Probiotics Among the Dental Post-Graduate Students- A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Patait Mahendra R. , Saraf Kedar V. , Wakchaure Priya M. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Probiotics are viable microorganisms, and when they are administered in an adequate amount, they provide health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics is said to be an important aspect in dentistry in the prevention and treatment of caries, periodontal disease, etc.

Aims:
The purpose of the present research was to access knowledge and awareness of probiotics among dental postgraduate students.

Settings and Design:
A total of 104 dental postgraduate respondents from Maharashtra state were surveyed regarding the knowledge of probiotics. The study includes first, second, and third-year dental postgraduate students. A well-structured and administered questionnaire including 15 questions was used to elicit the responses from the dental postgraduate students.

Methods and Material:
The online survey was distributed via email and social media platforms using snowball sampling and was open for a week. The questions were modeled based on those used in previously published studies on the knowledge of probiotics. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The survey took less than 15 minutes on average to complete.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data entries were done in Microsoft Office Excel 2010, and analyses of results were done using Statistical product and service solution (SPSS) version 21 software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentage/proportion were calculated. Pearson Chi-square test was used to find out the difference between responses of study subjects.

Results:
Of the 104 postgraduate students in total, 68.3% of respondents were females, and 31.7% were males. The study reveals 98% of participants are aware of the term probiotics and 94.1% of respondents correctly answered that constituents of probiotics are live microorganisms. More than half of the respondents (52%) had taken probiotics as a therapeutic drug for gastrointestinal purposes. 76.5% of respondents thought it helps in the improvement of oral health.

Conclusions:
In the present study, a good level of knowledge was observed among dental postgraduate students. Most of them were aware of the beneficial effects of probiotics on the human body in terms of food digestion and immunity. However, they still lack the other health benefits of probiotics. Also, there was little less knowledge and clarity about the term prebiotic.
Correlation of Pulp-To-Tooth Area Ratio With Age and Gender Using CBCT of Maxillary Central Incisor and Canine
Authors: Bansal Vineet , Konidena Aravinda , Nagi Ravleen , Kataria Ajay Pal S. , Yumnam Nirvana , Farooq Farheen 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Dental age estimation of living or deceased individuals through radiographic methods are popular, among which pulp-tooth ratio is a sensitive indicator. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare age based on the pulp-to-tooth area ratio (PTR) of maxillary canines and central incisors from sagittal, coronal, and three levels on axial section from CBCT data.

Methods and Materials:
Sixty adults of Indian origin (31 men and 29 women) aged between 20 and 65 years visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of our institution requiring CBCT of anterior maxilla for their diagnosis or treatment planning were included as study subjects. The sagittal, coronal, and axial images of maxillary central incisor and canine were imported to AutoCAD 2016 computer-aided drafting program. For each image, 30 and 10 points were marked on the tooth and pulp outlines, respectively, using the point tool on AutoCAD Toolbox. PTR was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
There was a declining trend in PTR with advancing age in maxillary central incisor in all sections and axial section at CEJ in canine. When the PTR values were compared, axial section at one-fourth, axial section at mid-root, sagittal and coronal sections for maxillary incisor showed significant differences between the age groups. There was no significant difference in PTR values between the genders. The best predictor for age was coronal and sagittal sections for central incisor, and sagittal section for maxillary canine. Maxillary central incisor yielded a better estimate with an SEE of 8.258 years than canine for age estimation.

Conclusion:
Results revealed a declining trend in PTR with advancing age in maxillary central incisor in all sections and axial section at CEJ in canine.
Efficacy of HFNO during airway management of a COVID pneumonia patient with super morbid obesity undergoing emergency laparotomy
Authors: Hajnour Mohamed Sayed , Amlih Haneen Fawzi , Shabr Faisal Fahad Bin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This case report describes the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) in a patient with morbid obesity (BMI = 90 kg/m2) who underwent emergency laparotomy under general anesthesia. This 54-year-old female patient with American Society of Anesthesia classification 4 E is known to have COVID pneumonia with Obstuctive Sleep Apnea. She was admitted in the ICU for 3 days and she was on Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) alternating with HFNO to keep her SpO2 91%–92%, on FiO2 60%, and respiratory rate (RR) 40–45/min. The plan for airway management was rapid sequence intubation with preoxygenation using the HFNO. We here report this case to show the usefulness of HFNO, which adds a new dimension in airway management of similar cases.
Intraoperative protective lung ventilation strategies in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Balonov Konstantin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur frequently and are associated with a prolonged hospital stay, increased mortality, and high costs. Patients with morbid obesity are at higher risk of perioperative complications, in particular associated with those related to respiratory function. One of the most prominent concerns of the anesthesiologists while taking care of the patient with obesity in the perioperative setting should be the status of the lung and delivery of mechanical ventilation as its strategy affects clinical outcomes. Negative effects of mechanical ventilation on the respiratory system known as ventilator-induced lung injury include barotrauma, volutrauma, and atelectrauma. However, the optimal regimen of mechanical ventilation still remains a matter of debate. While low tidal volume (VT) strategy has become a widely accepted standard of care, the protective role of PEEP and recruitment maneuvers is less clear. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of respiratory function in patients with morbid obesity, the effects of mechanical ventilation on the lungs, and optimal intraoperative strategy based on the current state of knowledge.
DESCONSTRUINDO O PRECONCEITO LINGUÍSTICO EM SALA DE AULA ATRAVÉS DA PRODUÇÃO DO GÊNERO CONTO
Authors: José Ferreira Nunes Marcílio 
Published: June 2022

Os estudos de Wiliam Labov, da década de 1960, cuja centralidade é a heterogeneidade linguística, ensejaram vários trabalhos no intuito de desnudar e deslegitimar metalinguagens preconceituosas advindas da equivocada noção da homogeneidade linguística. Todavia, esse tipo de abordagem inoportuna sobre a língua ainda é recorrente e precisa ser combatida, sobretudo, nas escolas. Nessa perspectiva, em consonância com a proposta do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Letras, intervimos em sala de aula objetivando a conscientização dos discentes sobre o reconhecimento do Preconceito Linguístico como forma de combatê-lo, propondo a produção de contos com enredos que tratassem do referido preconceito linguístico. Com nossa intervenção, os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, uma vez que foi apresentada e compreendida a problemática do preconceito linguístico por meio da produção dos contos dos discentes.
Management of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) in the COVID Era: Impact of Medical Education on Physician Concepts.
Authors: Zarif Bassem , Elsabaawy Ahmed , Elasaal Gehan 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the impacts of educational program on a group of physicians from PHC regarding knowledge and management decision making for NCDs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: An instructional curriculum for the management of many common NCDs was designed and made available. Pre- and post-test were provided before and after the program.
Findings: Average score for Pretest was 11.2 +/- 3.014 while the average score for posttest was 14.0 +/- 2.891 (P<0.001). Eight questions showed a significant difference between pre and post-test results. Eleven questions showed no significant difference between pre and post-test. A satisfaction questionnaire showed that 39 attendees highly satisfied and 10 were moderately satisfied.
Recommendations: Educating physicians on the management of NCDs during the COVID is beneficial in changing general management concepts. Further enhancements to the education program are required in certain areas, notably diabetes management.