bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of economic freedom and clean energy in environmental sustainability: implication for the G-20 economies
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Alola Uju Violet , Akdag Saffet , Yildirim Hakan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the increasing challenge of attaining sustainable balance in socioeconomic-ecosystem activities, the aspects of the global goals are continously being harnesed in order to ensure a sustainable interaction. As an alliance of the United Nations, the G-20 member countries have not only committed to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, the alliance body has further fostered frameworks that are targeted at advancing global economic and environmental sustainability. Within this context, the current study examined the environmental sustainability effects arising from the economic freedom prowess in the panel of the G-20 economies over the period 2000–2016. Among the sparse studies, the study employed the indices of economic freedom: freedom to trade internationally, regulation, sound money, legal framework, and property right and alongside the real income and renewable energy consumption as explanatory indicators. With the result of the difference- and two-step system GMM (generalized method of moments), the legal system and property right, sound money, freedom to international trade, and regulatory efficiency are detrimental to the panel countries’ environmental quality. Although this is likely to be untrue for countries that have advanced their climate actions and especially the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, it suggests a dearth in the SDGs achievement among the developing and emerging economies. Moreover, it probably shows the depth of traditional or business-as-usual practices (such as the lack of sustainable economic and environmental practices) and the socioeconomic system that are obtainable in most of the developing and emerging economies. Thus, the study put forward tangible policies that are essential for governance and toward attaining desirable country-specific SDGs.
A Brief History of the Impact of Potato Genetics on the Breeding of Tetraploid Potato Cultivars for Tuber Propagation
Authors: Bradshaw John E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe principal cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) has mainly been vegetatively propagated through its tubers. Potato breeders have therefore made planned artificial hybridizations to generate genetically unique seedlings and their clonal descendants from which to select new cultivars for tuber propagation. After the initial hybridizations, no more sexual reproduction was required to produce a successful new cultivar, which depended on choosing the correct breeding objectives and the ability to recognize a clone that met those objectives. Any impact of the new science of genetics after 1900 needed to be through the production of parental material of known genetic constitution and predictable offspring. This included making use of the many wild tuber-bearing relatives of the potato in Central and South America, as well as the abundance of landraces in South America. This review looks at the history of how potato geneticists: 1) established that the principal cultivated potato is a tetraploid that displays tetrasomic inheritance (2n = 4x = 48); 2) developed progeny tests to determine the dosage of major genes for qualitative traits in potential parents, and also progeny tests for their general combining abilities for quantitative traits; and 3) provided molecular markers for the marker assisted selection of major genes and quantitative trait alleles of large effect, and for the genomic selection of many alleles of small effect. It is argued that the concepts of population genetics are required by breeders, once a number of cycles of hybridization and cultivar production are considered for the genetic improvement of potato crops.
Burnout across boundaries: Can parental burnout directly or indirectly influence work outcomes?
Authors: Evans Thomas Rhys , Roskam Isabelle , Stinglhamber Florence , Mikolajczak Moïra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBurnout, while historically considered a work-related condition, can be associated with parenting where it can have direct impacts upon parental outcomes and one’s personal resources such as mental health. However, little is known about the domain-incongruent effects of burnout and thus whether parental burnout can manifest within the workplace. The current study uses longitudinal data collected from 499 parents over three intervals across an 8-month period to explore two possible mechanisms. Firstly, a direct relationship is explored by considering whether parental burnout provides incremental validity above job burnout in the prediction of three work outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and counterproductive work behaviors. Secondly, it is explored whether depression mediates the relationship between parental burnout and work outcomes. Findings suggest parental burnout may have limited impacts upon work outcomes, providing the impetus for a new direction of research to better understand whether or how burnout in one domain of life can influence the outcomes in other life domains.
A rapid and Easy Objective Evaluation of the Three Vessel View to Enhance Diagnostic Confidence in Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiko , Inamura Noboru , Kawazu Yukiko , Kayatani Futoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe three vessel view (3VV) is an integral component of fetal cardiac screening. The evaluation of vessel size is subjective in this view. Not infrequently, however, there can be a doubt and a need arises for objective assessment. Our aim was to clarify which ratio (AO/PA, AO/SVC, PA/SVC) can most easily judge the 3VV. We measured the diameter of the aorta (AO), pulmonary artery (PA) and superior vena cava (SVC) in 85 fetuses that had been diagnosed with a normal heart (NH) by the spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) method and calculated the AO/PA ratio, AO/SVC ratio and PA/SVC ratio. We then calculated a similar index using an offline videotape in 15 fetuses diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta (COA), and 15 fetuses diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). TOF excluded pulmonary atresia and absent pulmonary valve. All of the AO/PA ratios, AO/SVC ratios and PA/SVC ratios recognized a significant difference in the CoA, TOF and the NH groups. When we calculated the ROC curve in each CoA group and TOF group about AO/PA ratio, AO/SVC ratio, PA/SVC ratio, AO/PA ratio showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the CoA group and the TOF group. When the cut-off value of the CoA for the NH group is AO/PA ratio < 0.7, good results are obtained, sensitivity is 100% and specificity is 90.6%. When the cut-off value of the TOF from the NH group is AO/PA ratio > 1.2, good results are obtained, sensitivity is 100% and specificity is 98.8%. The method to measure AO/PA ratio during heart screening can judge the 3VV objectively. When it exceeds 0.7 < AO/PA ratio < 1.2, it is likely to be congenital heart disease.
MSCs in Space: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutics as Enabling Technology for Long-Distance Manned Space Travel
Authors: Giri Jayeeta , Moll Guido 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Advancements in space travel, such as space tourism into Earth’s orbit, but also the prospect of long-distance manned space travel to other celestial bodies such as Mars, has generated a clinical need for new enabling technologies to support the long-term well-being of humans during their passage. Here, we will give an outline on the clinical need and practical considerations to MSC therapy as enabling technology for long-distance manned space travel.

Recent Findings

Long-distance space travel entails a threat to the health of astronaut crews due to the low gravity environment and exposure to toxic radiation in space. Multi-organ-system degenerative changes, such as decline in musculoskeletal, hematopoietic, immune system function, and in particular risk of genetic mutations and cancer, are major health concerns. Physical training, pharmacological agents, and protective shielding are among the currently available methods to counteract harmful effects. However, a potential lack of adequate shielding, side effects of pharmacological compounds, and limitations to physical training suggest a need for new countermeasures, to protect space travellers to the best extent. Here, the prospect of cell-based therapy, e.g. mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), has been subject to intense research, due to their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Off-the-shelf MSC therapeutics can be easily maintained in space due to the ambient extremely low-temperature environment, and cryorecovery and even culturing of MSCs under microgravity were shown to be feasible.

Summary

Designing new therapy against harmful radiation is urgent need in space travel. Here we will discuss aspects related to clinical MSC administration to optimize their therapeutic benefit. MSC-based therapy may aid in evolving protective countermeasures for space travellers.
Explosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile‐Rich, Dacitic Melt
Authors: Wieser Penny E. , Edmonds Marie , Gansecki Cheryl , Maclennan John , Jenner Frances E. , Kunz Barbara , Antoshechkina Paula , Trusdell Frank , Lee R. L. , EIMF  
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first 2 weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, and H2O) becoming enriched by 4–5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H2O contents (∼2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic‐andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusion CO2‐H2O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ∼2–3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (∼2.5 km) and a seismically imaged low Vp/Vs anomaly (∼2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955 and 1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for >60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile‐rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.
Idealized Simulations of the Tropical Climate and Variability in the Single Column Atmosphere Model (SCAM): Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Hu I‐Kuan , Mapes Brian E. , Tulich Stefan N. , Neale Richard B. , Gettelman Andrew , Reed Kevin A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo explore the interactions among column processes in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), the single‐column version of CAM (SCAM) is integrated for 1000 days in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) with tropical values of boundary conditions, spanning a parameter or configuration space of model physics versions (v5 vs. v6), vertical resolution (standard and 60 levels), sea surface temperature (SST), and some interpretation‐driven experiments. The simulated time‐mean climate is reasonable, near observations and RCE of a cyclic cloud‐resolving model. Updraft detrainment in the deep convection scheme produces distinctive grid‐scale structures in humidity and cloud, which also interact with radiative transfer processes. These grid artifacts average out in multi‐column RCE results reported elsewhere, illustrating the nuts‐and‐bolts interpretability that SCAM adds to the hierarchy of model configurations. Multi‐day oscillations of precipitation arise from descent of warm convection‐capping layers starting near the tropopause, eventually reset by a burst of convective deepening. Experiments reveal how these oscillations depend critically on an internal parameter that controls the number of neutral buoyancy levels allowed for determining cloud top and computing dilute convective available potential energy in the deep convection scheme, and merely modified a little by disabling cloud‐base radiation (heating of cloud base). This strong dependence of transient behavior in 1D on this parameter will be tested in the second part of this work, in which SCAM is coupled to a parameterized dynamics of two‐dimensional, linearized gravity wave, and in the 3D simulations in future study.
Species interactions constrain adaptation and preserve ecological stability in an experimental microbial community
Authors: Barber Jake N , Nicholson Luke C , Woods Laura C , Judd Louise M , Sezmis Aysha L , Hawkey Jane , Holt Kathryn E , McDonald Michael J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Species loss within a microbial community can increase resource availability and spur adaptive evolution. Environmental shifts that cause species loss or fluctuations in community composition are expected to become more common, so it is important to understand the evolutionary forces that shape the stability and function of the emergent community. Here we study experimental cultures of a simple, ecologically stable community of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum, in order to understand how the presence or absence of a species impacts coexistence over evolutionary timescales. We found that evolution in coculture led to drastically altered evolutionary outcomes for L. plantarum, but not S. cerevisiae. Both monoculture- and co-culture-evolved L. plantarum evolved dozens of mutations over 925 generations of evolution, but only L. plantarum that had evolved in isolation from S. cerevisiae lost the capacity to coexist with S. cerevisiae. We find that the evolutionary loss of ecological stability corresponds with fitness differences between monoculture-evolved L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae and genetic changes that repeatedly evolve across the replicate populations of L. plantarum. This work shows how coevolution within a community can prevent destabilising evolution in individual species, thereby preserving ecological diversity and stability, despite rapid adaptation.
Recognizing Uncertainty in Forest Planning: A Decomposition Model for Large Landscapes
Authors: De Pellegrin Llorente Irene , Hoganson Howard M , Windmuller-Campione Marcella A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple ecological, economic, social, and political facets influence forest-planning decisions. Decision models have been widely used in forest management planning, but most are deterministic models. However, long-term forest planning problems are surrounded by potential uncertainties. To begin to account for uncertainty surrounding growth and yield under climate change conditions, a stochastic forest planning model was developed and tested. The intent of the model is to help identify potential current forest management actions that will perform well over a range of plausible climate change scenarios (futures). The stages of the model address how uncertainty about the future might unfold, with model solutions providing immediate management actions plus detailed contingency (recourse) plans for each future. The use of specialized decomposition methods of operations research has allowed for testing the model in a detailed and large application. Results from the case study showed that planning for an average deterministic case produces a misleading solution, underestimating the potential impact of climate change. On the other hand, only planning for a worst-case scenario ignores the potential value of management opportunities under other likely futures in which harvesting benefits could be greater. Overall, results advance our understanding of recognizing forest-wide uncertainty in forest management planning models.Study ImplicationsStand-level decisions often have forest-wide implications. Forest planning helps coordinate management of stands to address ecological, economic, and social aspects. Decision models are often used, but most assume all the information is known. However, long-term forest planning is surrounded by potential uncertainties, such as climate change. We developed a model to identify current forest management actions that will perform well over a range of plausible climate change scenarios instead of just one. The novelty lies in how we solve the problem. Breaking it into smaller subproblems allows us to include more stand-level details while still tackling a large problem.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMPACT OF THE MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR AGONIST PL8177 IN DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS)-INDUCED COLITIS IN RATS
Authors: Dhingra Priyanka , Obr Alison , Spana Carl , Dodd John , Kayne Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1r)–specific agonist PL8177 and its main metabolite PL8435 have demonstrated MC1r binding affinity and functional activity that mirrors that of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH). a-MSH has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing inflammation in numerous experimental models. This study investigates the effects of PL8177 on inflammation, cell population composition, and gene and protein expression in colons from a DSS–induced rat model of colitis. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of PL8177 in this model and to characterize its underlying mechanism of action.

METHODS
Male Wistar rats received 5% DSS in drinking water for 3 days to induce colitis. Rats in the sham group received drinking water only (each group n=6). The other groups received vehicle control (placebo)–filled capsules; PL8177-filled capsules at 20, 50, and 100 μg/animal (by oral gavage); or oral mesalazine (positive control). At termination on day 8, 24 hours after the last dosing, colon tissues were harvested, dissected and snap frozen with liquid nitrogen. Colon samples were analyzed for cytokine levels, single nuclei RNA-seq, and data-independent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS DIA). Colitis was assessed by a disease activity index (diarrhea and rectal bleeding), colon length shortening, colon weight gain, and histopathological assessment. The total colitis index, was used to assess inflammatory damage.

RESULTS
Colitis was induced in rats treated with DSS. Oral PL8177 50 μg/animal treatment showed a significant improvement in colon weight (53% reduction), stool consistency, and fecal occult blood score compared to vehicle. There was a significant (P&lt;0.05) improvement in the total colitis index for the PL8177 100-μg group vs vehicle control group. All PL8177-cohorts showed greater improvement in the total colitis index compared to the mesalazine-treated cohort. PL8177 50 μg/animal showed a significant improvement in colon weight (53% reduction), while mesalazine treatment was associated with significant reduction in colon length, but only moderate improvement (35%) in colon weight. Changes in the cellular population compositions, gene expression changes and protein level data will be presented and discussed at the conference.

CONCLUSION
Oral PL8177 treatment of inflamed colon showed significant improvement in markers of colitis in the rat model compared to the placebo and mesalazine control groups supporting the aim of treating inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Genomic and proteomic data will be interpreted in the context of disease change to identify alterations in immune and cellular states of the experimental colons.
MTADV 5-MER PEPTIDE SUPPRESSES IBD PATHOLOGY AND UNVEILS A NEW POTENTIAL TARGET-SERUM AMYLOID A
Authors: Naor David , Cowman Mary , Kim Jin , Hemed-Shaked Maayan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We reported in the previous Crohn’s and Colitis Congress and published in Refs 1 and 2 ,that a segment of 5 aa of a CD44 variant -Methionine, Threonine, Alanine, Aspartic Acid, Valine (MTADV), called 5-MER peptide (5MP), inhibits the inflammation in DSS and TNBS mouse models of IBD, when subcutaneously injected or orally delivered. Similarly, 5MP inhibited the inflammation in mouse models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA; Ref 2). As IBD, MS and RA share up-regulation of pathological Serum Amyloid A (SAA) (which fuels chronic inflammations), we predicted and then showed that 5-MP targets and hampers the pathological SAA, thus ameliorating SAA-associated inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from SAA-activated innate-immunity cells. Now we focus on deciphering 5MP mechanism of action. To this end, we show that 1. Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA; the animal model of RA), in contrast to mice or man, do not produce under inflammatory conditions SAA. Therefore, 5MP, in the absence of the SAA target, cannot inhibits the rat CIA, that is almost identical to mouse CIA. This fact supports our prediction that SAA is a 5MP target. 2. SAA binds 5MP, as indicated by mass spectrometry. 3. Polymerized and aggregated forms of SAA are the pathological forms of SAA, generating inflammation and amyloidosis, the last could be a severe complication of Crohn’s (Ref 3). Co-Incubation with 5MP interferes with SAA polymerization and aggregation (Figure 1), providing mechanistic explanation for 5MP therapeutic effect in IBD. 4. Human Fibroblasts, monocytes and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs), stimulated with human SAA, release the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Co-incubation of SAA with 5MP (but not with scrambled peptide TMVAD) suppresses the cytokines release from the cells, providing evidence on the 5-MP potency to interfere with SAA-cytokine destructive cross-talk. In support, mice with IBD reduce inflammation and alleviate IL-6 and IL-1β expression in colonic tissue after 5-MP injection (Figure 2). 5. Normal immune responses, such as DTH or antibody response to foreign antigen, are not inhibited by 5MP. 6. 5-MP is stable in room temperature for at least 5 months. 7. Dogs can tolerate (without signs of harmful effects) 5MP doses, which are much higher than the 5MP therapeutic dose, and finally, a finding which merits a special attention 8. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis reveals that 5-MP activates genes, inducing resistance to IBD, e.g., Batf2, Fgl2, Ifitm3, Pyrin (Nefv), TNFR2 and Tnfrsf9.

1. Nedvetzki, S., and Naor, D. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 1211-1220, 2003. 2. Hemed-Shaked M. and Naor D. J Autoimmun. Aug 12;124:102713, 2021. 3. Denis MA. Eur J Clin Invest. 2013;43:292-301