bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Weight of a Word: ‘Covert’ and the Proportionality of Australia’s Foreign Interference Laws
Authors: Ross Tony 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 (Cth) introduced the first offences for acts of foreign interference in Australian history. Inter alia, the laws target activities sponsored by a foreign principal which seek to influence Australia’s democratic processes using coercive, deceptive and covert conduct. The Act’s offences address coercive and deceptive conduct by foreign actors, which align with those behaviours which find contempt in international law. However, it is the Act’s targeting of ‘covert’ conduct which has drawn the widest criticism, and which was the subject of a High Court challenge in Zhang v Commissioner of Police [2021] HCA 16. Despite the High Court not being required to determine the validity of the foreign interference offences, there remain serious questions regarding the proportionality of the offences within the legislation which target covert behaviour which is not coercive or deceptive. Such benign covert behaviour is not condemned in international law, and its prohibition in Australia presents as an attempt by the government to remediate exploitable gaps in international law by controlling the interactions of its own citizenry with foreign actors. When the available alternatives to such measures are considered, this regulation appears excessive. Thus, a future challenge to Australia’s foreign interference laws may focus on the burden which the foreign interference offence’s ‘covert’ element places on the constitutionally entrenched implied freedom of political communication.
Kinematic Analysis of Lateral Meniscal Oblique Radial Tears in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees: Untreated Versus Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Smith Patrick A. , Bezold Will A. , Cook Cristi R. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Cook James L. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Lateral meniscal oblique radial tears (LMORTs) affect joint and meniscal stability in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees. Purpose: To determine the clinically relevant kinematics associated with the most common posterior horn LMORT lesion types, types 3 (LMORT3) and 4 (LMORT4), untreated versus arthroscopic repair versus partial meniscectomy in combination with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Study: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen cadaveric knees underwent robotic testing for anterior drawer and pivot-shift simulations at multiple knee flexion angles in ACL-intact and ACL-deficient states, followed by sequential testing of arthroscopic ACLR, LMORT3 lesion, LMORT3 repair, and partial meniscectomy (n = 8). The same testing sequence was performed for LMORT4 lesions (n = 8). Results: ACLR restored kinematics in ACL-deficient knees to intact levels for all metrics tested. For anterior drawer, ACLR + LMORT3 tear and partial meniscectomy resulted in significantly greater anterior translation compared with ACL-intact at all angles ( P < .05) and compared with ACLR at 60° and 90° ( P < .014). For pivot shift, compared with ACL-intact knees, ACLR + LMORT3 tear resulted in significantly more anterior translation at 15° ( P = .041); and for ACLR + partial meniscectomy, at both 0° and 15° ( P < .03). ACLR + LMORT4 tear and partial meniscectomy resulted in significantly greater anterior translation for anterior drawer ( P < .04) and pivot-shift testing ( P < .05) compared with intact and ACLR knees at all angles tested. ACLR + LMORT3 repair and ACLR + LMORT4 repair restored kinematics to ACLR and intact levels at all angles tested. ACLR + LMORT3 tear ( P < .008) and both LMORT4 tear and partial meniscectomy ( P < .05) resulted in increased meniscal extrusion compared with intact and ACLR statuses at all tested angles for anterior drawer and pivot shift, while repairs restored meniscal stability to ACLR and intact levels. Conclusion: Untreated LMORT tears increased anterior translation, pivot shift, and meniscal extrusion after ACLR, while partial meniscectomy further exacerbated these detrimental effects in this cadaveric model. In contrast, arthroscopic side-to-side repair of LMORT lesions effectively restored measured knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance: LMORT lesions are common with ACL tears and adversely affect joint stability and meniscal extrusion. This study highlights the importance of repair of LMORT 3 and 4 lesions at the time of ACLR.
Subchondral Drilling Independent of Drill Hole Number Improves Articular Cartilage Repair and Reduces Subchondral Bone Alterations Compared With Debridement in Adult Sheep
Authors: Stachel Niklas , Orth Patrick , Zurakowski David , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning 
Published: July 2022

Background: Subchondral drilling is an established marrow stimulation technique for small cartilage defects, but whether drilling is required at all and if the drill hole density affects repair remains unclear. Hypotheses: Osteochondral repair is improved when the subchondral bone is perforated by a higher number of drill holes per unit area, and drilling is superior to defect debridement alone. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rectangular full-thickness chondral defects (4 × 8 mm) were created in the trochlea of adult sheep (N = 16), debrided down to the subchondral bone plate without further treatment as controls (no treatment; n = 7) or treated with either 2 or 6 (n = 7 each) subchondral drill holes (diameter, 1.0 mm; depth, 10.0 mm). Osteochondral repair was assessed at 6 months postoperatively by standardized (semi-)quantitative macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and micro–computed tomography analyses. Results: Compared with defect debridement alone, histological overall cartilaginous repair tissue quality ( P = .025) and the macroscopic aspect of the adjacent cartilage ( P≤ .032) were improved after both drilling densities. Only drilling with 6 holes increased type 2 collagen content in the repair tissue compared with controls ( P = .038). After debridement, bone mineral density was significantly decreased in the subchondral bone plate ( P≤ .015) and the subarticular spongiosa ( P≤ .041) compared with both drilling groups. Debridement also significantly increased intralesional osteophyte sectional area compared with drilling ( P≤ .034). No other differences in osteochondral repair existed between subchondral drilling with 6 or 2 drill holes. Conclusion: Subchondral drilling independent of drill hole density significantly improves structural cartilage repair compared with sole defect debridement of full-thickness cartilage defects in sheep after 6 months. Subchondral drilling also leads to a better reconstitution of the subchondral bone compartment below the defects. Simultaneously, drilling reduced the formation of intralesional osteophytes caused by osseous overgrowth compared with debridement. Clinical Relevance: These results have important clinical implications, as they support subchondral drilling independent of drill hole number but discourage debridement alone for the treatment of small cartilage defects. Clinical studies are warranted to further quantify the effects of subchondral drilling in similar settings.
Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Women Veterans With PTSD Who Experienced Military Sexual Trauma: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zaccari Belle , Sherman Athena D. F. , Higgins Melinda , Ann Kelly Ursula 
Published: July 2022

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela to military sexual trauma (MST) among women veterans. Yoga has shown promise in research examining its benefit for symptoms and sequela of PTSD. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) for women veterans with PTSD related to MST. Method: In this feasibility study, the final sample included women veterans ( n = 41) with PTSD related to MST accessing health care in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System in the southeast United States; the majority were African American ( n = 33; 80.5%). Interventions used established protocols of 10 weekly sessions of group TCTSY versus 12 weekly sessions of group Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). PTSD was assessed via clinical interview and participant report. Additional data collection included multiple participant-reported outcomes commonly associated with PTSD and psychophysiological measures. We also collected data regarding participant satisfaction and feasibility-related feedback from participants and providers. Results: Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated via demand, practicality, fidelity, and acceptability. This was measured by expressed interest, attendance, program completion, barriers to care and satisfaction with treatment, and satisfaction with interventions and data collection. Conclusions: Results indicate the RCT design and TCTSY implementation were feasible; a full-scale RCT was subsequently conducted to determine efficacy of the experimental intervention. Recommendations for successful research strategies are provided.
Use of feeding tubes in 112 cats in an internal medicine referral service (2015–2020)
Authors: Brunet Audrey , Bouzouraa Tarek , Cadore Jean-Luc , Hugonnard Marine 
Published: July 2022

Objectives The aims of this study were to describe diseases, complications and outcomes associated with the use of feeding tubes in a population of sick cats with appetite disturbance managed at an internal medicine referral service. Methods Clinicopathological data from cats receiving nasoenteral (NE) or oesophagostomy (O) tubes were studied. Cats were categorised according to their underlying disease and divided into subgroups (NE or O tube). The following factors associated with survival were analysed: disease category, type of tube and return to appetite. Results Included in the study were 112 cats, representing 118 cases. Of the 118 cases, 98 (83%) and 20 (17%) received NE or O tubes, respectively. The most common underlying conditions were digestive (13.5%), hepatobiliary (11%) and upper urinary tract (11%) disorders. Hepatobiliary (50%) and upper respiratory tract (30%) conditions were predominant in the O tube group. Digestive (15%) and upper urinary tract (12%) diseases were more common in the NE tube group. Complications following tube placement occurred in 22/118 cases (18.6%). The global survival rate was 73% and did not differ between NE (71.4%) and O tube (80%) groups ( P = 1.00) or disease categories ( P = 0.61). Return of appetite before feeding tube removal occurred in 56 cases (47%), within a median of 3 days (range 1–30) and was not associated with mirtazapine administration ( P = 1.00). Appetite returned earlier for cats with NE tubes (3 days, range 1–17) than for those with O tubes (33 days, range 5–60; P <0.05). Voluntary food intake was positively associated with survival (odds ratio 15.17). After discharge and feeding tube retrieval, return of appetite was observed in 67% of cases. Conclusions and relevance Feeding tubes were predominantly placed for the management of appetite disturbance in cats with digestive, hepatobiliary and upper urinary tract diseases. While complications were frequent, they were mostly mild, easily managed and did not preclude feeding tube use. Return to appetite occurred in a large proportion of cats during or after assisted enteral feeding and was associated with survival.
Evaluation of the performance of Panbio™ COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessalegn Dejene , Tola Edosa Kifle , Tamiru Afework , Zerfu Biruk 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is a gold standard diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease-2019. Limited coverage and long turnaround times are linked to the poor response to the pandemic in developing countries like Ethiopia. To overcome the challenges, rapid antigen diagnostic kits are recommended if their diagnostic performance is at an acceptable level. We explored the performance of the Panbio™ coronavirus disease-2019 antigen rapid diagnostic test in diagnosing the coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on coronavirus disease-2019 suspected patients in Wollega University Referral Hospital, from 1 April to 30 May 2021. After obtaining consent/ assent, sociodemographic and pair of nasopharyngeal samples were collected from each and examined by Panbio antigen rapid diagnostic test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 24. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and kappa values were calculated. Results: A total of 148 coronavirus disease-2019 suspected individuals (54.1% male) participated in the study. Of all, 73 (49.3%) were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. The sensitivity and specificity of Panbio were found 81% (95% confidence interval: 71%–91%) and 98.7% (95% confidence interval: 96%–100%), respectively. From 75 negative and 73 positive samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 1 (1.33%) and 14 (19.18%) were found false positive and negative by antigen rapid diagnostic test, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Panbio were 98.3% and 84.1%, respectively, and test agreement was substantial (kappa value = 0.80). Conclusion: Panbio has fine performance in suspected patients. Further studies are needed to examine the accuracy of self-collecting and patient self-testing with healthcare workers, using antigen rapid diagnostic test against the reference standard.
Practice Patterns for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in an Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Gibbs Christopher M. , Hughes Jonathan D. , Winkler Philipp W. , Muenzer Maya , Lesniak Bryson P. , Musahl Volker 
Published: July 2022

Background: While surgeons with high caseload volumes deliver higher value care when performing primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the effect of surgeon volume in the revision setting is unknown. Purposes: To determine the percentage of revision ACLR procedures that comprise the practice of high-, medium-, and low-volume surgeons and to analyze associated referral and practice patterns. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively investigated all revision ACLR procedures performed between 2015 and 2020 in a single health care system. Surgeons were categorized as low (≤17), medium (18-34), or high (≥35) volume based on the number of annual ACLR procedures performed. Patient characteristics, activity level, referral source, concomitant injuries, graft type, and treatment variables were recorded, and a comparison among surgeon groups was performed. Results: Of 4555 ACLR procedures performed during the study period, 171 (4%) were revisions. The percentage of revision ACLR procedures was significantly higher for high-volume (5%) and medium-volume (4%) surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons (2%) ( P < .01). Patients undergoing revision ACLR by a high-volume surgeon had a significantly higher baseline activity level ( P = .01). Allografts were used significantly more often by low-volume surgeons (70%) compared with medium-volume (35%) and high-volume (25%) surgeons ( P < .01). Bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts were used significantly more often by high-volume (32% BPTB, 39% QT) and medium-volume (38% BPTB, 14% QT) surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons (15% BPTB, 10% QT) ( P < .01). High-volume surgeons were more likely to perform revision on patients with cartilage injuries ( P = .01), perform staged revision ACLR ( P = .01), and choose meniscal repair (54% high vs 22% medium and 36% low volume; P = .03), despite similar rates of concomitant meniscal tears, compared with low- and medium-volume surgeons. Conclusion: In this registry study of an integrated health care system, high-volume surgeons were more likely to perform revision ACLR on patients with higher activity and competition levels. Additionally, high-volume surgeons more commonly performed staged revision ACLR, chose meniscus-sparing surgery, and favored the use of autografts compared with low-volume surgeons.
Osteochondral Fractures in Acute Patellar Dislocations in Adolescents: Midterm Results of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Felus Jaroslaw , Kowalczyk Bart , Starmach Michal , Wyrobek Lukasz 
Published: July 2022

Background: Osteochondral fractures (OCFs) are common injuries during acute patellar dislocation (APD), carrying a high risk of early joint deterioration if left untreated. The recommended approach is reduction and stable fixation; however, data on the results of such treatment are limited. Purpose: To evaluate midterm results of fixation of APD-related OCFs in adolescents and to identify predictive factors for poor outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of adolescent patients who underwent internal fixation of APD-related OCFs between 2004 and 2015 at a single tertiary pediatric trauma center. The primary outcome variables included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), patient satisfaction (0-10 scale), and sports participation compared with preoperative level. Secondary outcome variables included relationship between final results and OCF location (patellofemoral vs tibiofemoral), surgical delay (>6 weeks), and patellar instability after OCF fixation. OCF healing was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Included were 40 patients (19 female, 21 male) with 42 OCFs (29 patellar OCFs, 13 lateral femoral condyle OCFs). The median patient age at surgery was 14.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 13-15.5 years), and median follow-up was 76 months (IQR, 52.5-95 months). Recurrence of patellar instability occurred in 27.5% of patients. Median overall KOOS was 93.8 (IQR, 90.8-97.6); KOOS–Symptoms, 92.9 (IQR, 85.7-96.4); KOOS–Pain, 97.2 (IQR, 91.7-100); KOOS–Activities of Daily Living, 100 (IQR, 97.1-100); KOOS–Sports, 90 (IQR, 80-100); and KOOS–Quality of Life, 78.1 (IQR, 56.2-87.5). Median satisfaction score was 8 (IQR, 8-9), and 16 patients (40%) returned to sports participation at their preinjury level. MRI scans revealed a 100% rate of bone healing. Abnormalities exceeding the fracture area were evident on MRI scans in 86.5% of patients. Recurrence of patellar instability (even after surgical fixation) and unstable patella at final follow-up were independent predictors of worse results after OCF fixation. Conclusion: In the current study, reduction and internal fixation for APD-related OCF in adolescents yielded favorable midterm outcomes. Recurrence of dislocation and persistent patellar instability jeopardized clinical results.
Does urination position have an effect on evaluation of lower urinary tract function ın children? A uroflowmetric study
Authors: İbrahimov Anar , Özkıdık Mete , Akıncı Aykut , Hajiyev Perviz , Burgu Berk 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine whether different urination positions had significant impact on the parameters of uroflowmetry performed by healthy individuals and children with voiding dysfunction.

Methods
The study was conducted with a prospective and comparative design. Children between 5 and 15 years of age who met the inclusion–exclusion criteria of the study were enrolled. Children in the study were divided into two groups. Participants whose voiding dysfunction symptom score was ≥ 9 points were classified in group 1 and the remaining individuals were classified in group 2. Girls urinated in two different positions as sitting and squatting while boys urinated in three different positions as sitting, squatting and standing. Also, habitual urination position was asked and recorded for each individual participated in the study. Uroflowmetry parameters were compared for different urination positions in two groups separately and a p value of ≤ .05 was accepted for statistical significance.

Results
Voided volume, maximum flow rate (Qmax), time to reach Qmax, urination time and postvoid residual volume measured by abdominal ultrasound were recorded in every participant for each urination position in both groups. In group 1, girls with voiding dysfunction presented a significantly higher postvoid residual volume in squatting position compared to sitting position (the p value = 0.02). In group 2, healthy boys presented a significantly higher Qmax in standing position compared to sitting and squatting positions (the p value = 0.01). All participants provided a better uroflowmetry pattern in their habitual urination positions.

Conclusion
Urination position may affect uroflowmetry results; however, its impact on lower urinary tract function requires further research.
Internet-based interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms: an ethnographic qualitative study exploring the views and opinions of midwives in Switzerland
Authors: Beerli Josephine , Ehlert Ulrike , Amiel Castro Rita T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental disorders such as depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but are frequently underdiagnosed and untreated. In the last decades, internet-based interventions have emerged as a treatment alternative showing similar effectiveness to face-to-face psychotherapy. We aimed to explore midwives’ perceptions of the acceptability of internet-based interventions for the treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms.MethodsIn this ethnographic qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 midwives. We followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist (COREQ). Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis. The identified framework categories were rated individually by two independent raters. Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient was used to ensure the reliability of the rating.ResultsFour main themes emerged: midwives’ experience with patients’ mental health issues; the role of healthcare workers in women’s utilisation of internet-based interventions in the perinatal period; the overall perception of internet-based interventions; and recommendation of internet-based interventions to perinatal women. Twenty-five of the 30 participants viewed internet-based interventions as an acceptable type of intervention, which they would recommend to a subgroup of patients (e.g. women who are well-educated or younger). All except for two midwives identified themselves and medical doctors as key figures regarding patients’ utilisation of internet-based interventions, although a third of the interviewees highlighted that they needed sufficient information about such interventions. Finally, several participants suggested features which could be relevant to develop more acceptable and feasible internet-based interventions in the future.DiscussionParticipants’ overall perception of internet-based interventions for perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms was positive. This study underlines the importance of considering midwives’ views about internet-based interventions for perinatal mental health care. Our findings have implications for the practice not only of midwives but also of other maternity care professionals. Future studies examining the views of other health professionals are warranted.