bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach
Authors: den Elzen Michel G. J. , Dafnomilis Ioannis , Forsell Nicklas , Fragkos Panagiotis , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Höhne Niklas , Kuramochi Takeshi , Nascimento Leonardo , Roelfsema Mark , van Soest Heleen , Sperling Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy January 2022, 156 countries had submitted new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This study analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs. The total impact of the updated unconditional and conditional NDCs of these countries on global emission levels by 2030 is an additional reduction of about 3.8 and 3.9 GtCO2eq, respectively, compared to the previously submitted NDCs as of October 2020. However, this total reduction must be about three times greater to be consistent with keeping global temperature increase to well below 2 °C, and even seven times greater for 1.5 °C. Nine G20 economies have pledged stronger emission reduction targets for 2030 in their updated NDCs, leading to additional aggregated GHG emission reductions of about 3.3 GtCO2eq, compared to those in the previous NDCs. The socio-economic impacts of the updated NDCs are limited in major economies and largely depend on the emission reduction effort included in the NDCs. However, two G20 economies have submitted new targets that will lead to an increase in emissions of about 0.3 GtCO2eq, compared to their previous NDCs. The updated NDCs of non-G20 economies contain further net reductions. We conclude that countries should strongly increase the ambition levels of their updated NDC submissions to keep the climate goals of the Paris Agreement within reach.
Experimental warming increased greenhouse gas emissions of a near-natural peatland and Sphagnum farming sites
Authors: Oestmann Jan , Dettmann Ullrich , Düvel Dominik , Tiemeyer Bärbel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aims
Drained peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHG). Paludiculture is the production of biomass under wet and peat preserving conditions. Despite the growing recognition as GHG mitigation measure, the potential influence of climate warming on paludiculture is still unknown.

Methods
For two years, we quantified the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) using manual chambers and surveyed the vegetation composition of warmed and control sites at a near-natural bog and two Sphagnum farming areas in North-Western Germany. Passive warming was achieved using Open Top Chambers (OTC).

Results
OTCs significantly increased air and soil temperatures, while soil moisture, humidity and light availability differed only marginally. The latter was considered when calculating gross primary production. Warming tended to increase vascular plant cover, but differences to the control plots were still small after two years. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 increased with warming, dominated by CH4 at the near-natural bog and by CO2 at the paludiculture areas, where vegetation was in a successional stage and topsoils temporarily dried out during summer. N2O emissions were negligible at the near-natural bog and ceased with increasing biomass at the paludiculture sites. Interannual variability was high due to a heatwave in the second measurement year.

Conclusions
Climate warming could increase GHG emissions from near-natural bogs and Sphagnum farming. In the latter case, this puts even more emphasis on water management systems ensuring high water table depths during dry periods. Further, control of vascular plants might both reduce CH4 emissions and improve biomass quality.
Semi-supervised deep learning and low-cost cameras for the semantic segmentation of natural images in viticulture
Authors: Casado-García A. , Heras J. , Milella A. , Marani R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutomatic yield monitoring and in-field robotic harvesting by low-cost cameras require object detection and segmentation solutions to tackle the poor quality of natural images and the lack of exactly-labeled datasets of consistent sizes. This work proposed the application of deep learning for semantic segmentation of natural images acquired by a low-cost RGB-D camera in a commercial vineyard. Several deep architectures were trained and compared on 85 labeled images. Three semi-supervised learning methods (PseudoLabeling, Distillation and Model Distillation) were proposed to take advantage of 320 non-annotated images. In these experiments, the DeepLabV3+ architecture with a ResNext50 backbone, trained with the set of labeled images, achieved the best overall accuracy of 84.78%. In contrast, the Manet architecture combined with the EfficientnetB3 backbone reached the highest accuracy for the bunch class (85.69%). The application of semi-supervised learning methods boosted the segmentation accuracy between 5.62 and 6.01%, on average. Further discussions are presented to show the effects of a fine-grained manual image annotation on the accuracy of the proposed methods and to compare time requirements.
Collaborative Research Activities of the Arase and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I. , Ukhorskiy S. , Claudepierre S. G. , Mitani T. , Takashima T. , Hori T. , Santolik O. , Kolmasova I. , Matsuda S. , Kasahara Y. , Teramoto M. , Katoh Y. , Hikishima M. , Kojima H. , Kurita S. , Imajo S. , Higashio N. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Asamura K. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.-Y. , Jun C.-W. , Kasaba Y. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Shoji M. , Nakamura S. , Kitahara M. , Matsuoka A. , Shiokawa K. , Seki K. , Nosé M. , Takahashi K. , Martinez-Calderon C. , Hospodarsky G. , Colpitts C. , Kletzing Craig , Wygant J. , Spence H. , Baker D. N. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. , Lanzerotti L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the highlights of joint observations of the inner magnetosphere by the Arase spacecraft, the Van Allen Probes spacecraft, and ground-based experiments integrated into spacecraft programs. The concurrent operation of the two missions in 2017–2019 facilitated the separation of the spatial and temporal structures of dynamic phenomena occurring in the inner magnetosphere. Because the orbital inclination angle of Arase is larger than that of Van Allen Probes, Arase collected observations at higher $L$
L
-shells up to $L \sim 10$
L
∼
10
. After March 2017, similar variations in plasma and waves were detected by Van Allen Probes and Arase. We describe plasma wave observations at longitudinally separated locations in space and geomagnetically-conjugate locations in space and on the ground. The results of instrument intercalibrations between the two missions are also presented. Arase continued its normal operation after the scientific operation of Van Allen Probes completed in October 2019. The combined Van Allen Probes (2012-2019) and Arase (2017-present) observations will cover a full solar cycle. This will be the first comprehensive long-term observation of the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts.
Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine in Pain Management
Authors: Gu Xingjian , Carroll Turpin Michelle A. , Romero-Ortega Mario I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Pain presents a unique challenge due to the complexity of the biological pathways involved in the pain perception, the growing concern regarding the use of opioid analgesics, and the limited availability of optimal treatment options. The use of biomaterials and regenerative medicine in pain management is being actively explored and showing exciting progress in improving the efficacy of conventional pharmacotherapy and as novel non-pharmacological therapy for chronic pain caused by degenerative diseases. In this paper we review current clinical applications, and promising research in the use of biomaterials and regenerative medicine in pain management.

Recent Findings
Regenerative therapies have been developed to repair damaged tissues in back, joint, and shoulder that lead to chronic and inflammatory pain. Novel regenerative biomaterials have been designed to incorporate biochemical and physical pro-regenerative cues that augment the efficacy of regenerative therapies. New biomaterials improve target localization with improved tunability for controlled drug delivery, and injectable scaffolds enhance the efficacy of regenerative therapies through improving cellular migration. Advanced biomaterial carrier systems have been developed for sustained and targeted delivery of analgesic agents to specific tissues and organs, showing improved treatment efficacy, extended duration of action, and reduced dosage. Targeting endosomal receptors by nanoparticles has shown promising anti-nociception effects. Biomaterial scavengers are designed to remove proinflammatory reactive oxygen species that trigger nociceptors and cause pain hypersensitivity, providing a proactive approach for pain management.

Summary
Pharmacotherapy remains the method of choice for pain management; however, conventional analgesic agents are associated with adverse effects. The relatively short duration of action when applied as free drug limited their efficacy in postoperative and chronic pain treatment. The application of biomaterials in pain management is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of current pharmacotherapy through sustained and targeted delivery of analgesic agents. Regenerative medicine strategies target the damaged tissue and provide non-pharmacological alternatives to manage chronic and inflammatory pain. In the future, the successful development of regenerative therapies that completely repair damaged tissues will provide a more optimal alternative for the treatment of chronic pain caused. Future studies will leverage on the increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing pain perception and transmission, injury response and tissue regeneration, and the development of new biomaterials and tissue regenerative methods.
Gamma knife radiosurgery versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Su Ke , Gu Tao , Xu Ke , Wang Jing , Liao Hongfei , Li Xueting , Wen Lianbin , Song Yanqiong , Zhong Jiaqi , He Bingsheng , Liu Xin , He Jie , Liu Yanlin , Li Qi , Feng Xunjie , Chen Siyu , Yang Binbin , Huang Weihong , Jin Hongping , Luo Xiaotong , Hu Teng , Chen Jiali , Wu Zhenying , Lu Simin , Zhang Jianwen , Rao Mingyue , Xie Yunchuan , Wang Jing , Zhu Xiaoning , Chen Lan , Li Bo , Su Song , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Juan , Zeng Hao , Wang Pan , Yan Min , Chen Xiaojing , He Kun , Han Yunwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC patients with PVTT.

Methods
This retrospective study included 544 HCC patients with PVTT (GKR, 202; TACE, 342). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis identified 171 matched pairs of patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results
Before PSM, the GKR group exhibited longer median OS (mOS) than the TACE group (17.2 vs. 8.0 months, p < 0.001). We followed the Cheng’s classification for PVTT. In the subgroup analysis, GKR was associated with significantly longer mOS for patients with PVTT II-IV (17.5 vs. 8.7 months, p < 0.001; 17.2 vs. 7.8 months, p = 0.001; 14.5 vs. 6.5 months, p = 0.001, respectively) and comparable OS for patients with PVTT I. After PSM, the GKR group had also a longer mOS than the TACE group (15.8 vs. 10.4 months, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the GKR group demonstrated superior mOS for patients with PVTT II-IV (all p < 0.05) and comparable OS for patients with PVTT I.

Conclusions
GKR was associated better OS than TACE in HCC patients with PVTT, especially for patients with PVTT II-IV.

Clinical Trials Registration
The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry under the registration number ChiCTR2100051057.
Updated Incidence, Treatment and Survival of a Nationwide Cohort of Patients with Peritoneal Metastases of Unknown Origin
Authors: Rijken Anouk , Loef Caroline , van de Wouw Yes A. J. , van Erning Felice N. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, treatment and survival of patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) of unknown origin. All Dutch patients diagnosed in 2017 and 2018 with PM of unknown origin (PM-CUP) were evaluated. Data were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Patients with PM-CUP were categorized into the following histological subtypes: 1) adenocarcinoma, 2) mucinous adenocarcinoma, 3) carcinoid, 4) unspecified carcinoma and 5) other. Treatments were compared between the different histological subtypes in patients with PM-CUP. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method for all patients with cancer of unknown origin and between histological subtypes in patients with PM-CUP. Significant differences in OS were assessed by using the log-rank test. In total, 3026 patients were diagnosed with cancer of unknown origin, 513 (17%) among them were diagnosed with PM-CUP. Most PM-CUP patients received best supportive care only (76%), whereas 22% received systemic treatment and 4% underwent metastasectomy. Median OS was 1.1 months for all patients with PM-CUP but varied from 0.6 months to 30.5 months depending on the underlying histology. In this study, PM-CUP were diagnosed in 17% of all patients with cancer of unknown primary and the reported survival in this cohort was extremely poor. Since survival differed among histological subtypes and recently more treatment options became available for a selected group of patients with peritoneal malignancies, it is of great importance to identify the histology of the metastases and whenever possible the primary tumor.
Joining the meta-research movement: A bibliometric case study of the journal <em>Perspectives on Medical Education</em>
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Haustein Stefanie , Costello Joseph A. , Driessen Erik W. Driessen , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose To conduct a bibliometric case study of the journal Perspectives on Medical Education (PME) to provide insights into the journal’s inner workings and to “take stock” of where PME is today, where it has been, and where it might go.
Methods Data, including bibliographic metadata, reviewer and author details, and downloads, were collected for manuscripts submitted to and published in PME from the journal’s Editorial Manager and Web of Science. Gender of authors and reviewers was predicted using Genderize.io. To visualize and analyze collaboration patterns, citation relationships and term co-occurrence social network analyses (SNA) were conducted. VOSviewer was used to visualize the social network maps.
Results Between 2012–2019 PME received, on average, 260 manuscripts annually (range = 73–402). Submissions were received from authors in 81 countries with the majority in the United States (US), United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. PME published 518 manuscripts with authors based in 31 countries, the majority being in the Netherlands, US, and Canada. PME articles were downloaded 717,613 times (mean per document: 1388). In total 1201 (55% women) unique peer reviewers were invited and 649 (57% women) completed reviews; 1227 (49% women) unique authors published in PME. SNA revealed that PME authors were quite collaborative, with most authoring articles with others and only a minority (n = 57) acting as single authors.
Discussion This case study provides a glimpse into PME and offers evidence for PME’s next steps.
Investigations for vibration and friction torque behaviors of thrust ball bearing with self-driven textured guiding surface
Authors: Wu Can , Yang Kai , Ni Jing , Lu Shuigen , Yao Lidan , Li Xinglin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the starved lubrication condition of rolling bearings, three kinds of textures, namely dimple, groove texture, and gradient groove texture, were developed on the guiding surface of thrust ball bearings in this study. The results show that gradient groove texture has the one-way self-driving function of liquid droplets. The root mean square (RMS) value of vibration acceleration of gradient groove textured bearing (GGB) decreased by 49.1% and the kurtosis decreased by 24.6% compared with non-textured bearing (NB) due to the directional spreading effect of gradient groove textures on oil. The frequency domain analysis showed that the textures mainly suppressed the medium and high-frequency energy of bearing vibration, and the GGB was reduced the most with 65.3% and 48%, respectively. In addition, whether the grease is sufficiently sheared has a large impact on the oil guiding effect, and the friction torque of GGB could decrease by 10.5% compared with NB in the sufficiently sheared condition. Therefore, the gradient groove texture with oil self-driven effect on the guiding surface of rolling bearing can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the bearing and thus reduce the bearing vibration and friction torque, which has a promising application prospect.
A passionate partnership: understanding the origins and significance of John Sinclair’s connection with K’gari (Fraser Island)
Authors: Bissett Susan Zela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper explores the transformation of environmental activist John Sinclair, OA, from a conservative member of the Country Party, through a position of cautious conservationism, to preeminence as a leading environmentalist with some very significant achievements. This paper aims to show some correlations between his work and ideas and major strands of environmental education research. His allegiance to K’gari (Fraser Island) and the way in which he was able to learn from the traditional custodians, the Butchulla people, and other leading environmentalists is described in this paper through his own memoir writing and the viewpoints of informants interviewed by the author. John Sinclair’s profound connection with K’gari, how it was formed and sustained, and its historical and environmental consequences make a remarkable story of a modern citizen turned activist. The development of John Sinclair’s ideas and practice show interesting parallels with the development of both environmental activism and environmental education in Australia. The story has importance in a range of areas connected with environmental stewardship and environmental education.
Does local matter? Evaluating susceptibility variations between hospital-wide and hematology-oncology unit antibiograms
Authors: Bartash Rachel , Orner Erika , Cowman Kelsie , Szymczak Wendy , Nori Priya , Kornblum Noah , McCort Margaret 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Antibiograms are important for guiding empiric antibiotics for febrile neutropenia. However, hospital-wide antibiograms may not capture complexities of patients with hematologic malignancies. We created a hematology-oncology unit-specific antibiogram and found higher resistance among Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterococcus isolates compared to hospital-wide data.
Corporate Law and Governance Pluralism
Authors: Anidjar Leon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor the past several decades, jurists have invested significant efforts in developing the law in general—and private law in particular—in terms of pluralism. However, the conceptualization of corporate law and governance according to pluralist principles rarely exists. This Essay is the first in the legal literature to address this deficiency by providing a unique pluralist theory of corporate governance regimes. It distinguishes between the plurality of corporate law’s sources, values, and principles, and discusses the implications for governance. Moreover, based on the social systems’ thinking and the framework of complexity, this Essay provides theoretical grounds for skepticism about any policies or structures applicable to all times and contexts. Therefore, rather than perceiving corporate governance as being identically applicable to all corporations, the law must meet the challenge of complexity by designing governance arrangements following a firm-specific perspective. Furthermore, I argue that in conditions of complexity, corporate governance eco-systems should be designed with a firm-specific view that incorporates the effect of the corporation participants’ heterogeneity, the heterogeneity of its internal power relations, and the heterogeneity of industries and markets. These novel arguments have profound implications for redesigning fundamental legal doctrines—such as fiduciary duties of controlling shareholders, regulation of related party transactions, the officers’ duty of care, and the company purpose.
An uncountable Furstenberg–Zimmer structure theory
Authors: JAMNESHAN ASGAR 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFurstenberg–Zimmer structure theory refers to the extension of the dichotomy between the compact and weakly mixing parts of a measure-preserving dynamical system and the algebraic and geometric descriptions of such parts to a conditional setting, where such dichotomy is established relative to a factor and conditional analogs of those algebraic and geometric descriptions are sought. Although the unconditional dichotomy and the characterizations are known for arbitrary systems, the relative situation is understood under certain countability and separability hypotheses on the underlying groups and spaces. The aim of this article is to remove these restrictions in the relative situation and establish a Furstenberg–Zimmer structure theory in full generality. As an independent byproduct, we establish a connection between the relative analysis of systems in ergodic theory and the internal logic in certain Boolean topoi.
Semiautomated surveillance of deep surgical site infections after colorectal surgeries: A multicenter external validation of two surveillance algorithms
Authors: Verberk Janneke D.M. , van der Kooi Tjallie I.I. , Hetem David J. , Oostdam Nicolette E.W.M. , Noordergraaf Mieke , de Greeff Sabine C. , Bonten Marc J.M. , van Mourik Maaike S.M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:Automated surveillance methods increasingly replace or support conventional (manual) surveillance; the latter is labor intensive and vulnerable to subjective interpretation. We sought to validate 2 previously developed semiautomated surveillance algorithms to identify deep surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing colorectal surgeries in Dutch hospitals.Design:Multicenter retrospective cohort study.Methods:From 4 hospitals, we selected colorectal surgery patients between 2018 and 2019 based on procedure codes, and we extracted routine care data from electronic health records. Per hospital, a classification model and a regression model were applied independently to classify patients into low- or high probability of having developed deep SSI. High-probability patients need manual SSI confirmation; low-probability records are classified as no deep SSI. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and workload reduction were calculated compared to conventional surveillance.Results:In total, 672 colorectal surgery patients were included, of whom 28 (4.1%) developed deep SSI. Both surveillance models achieved good performance. After adaptation to clinical practice, the classification model had 100% sensitivity and PPV ranged from 11.1% to 45.8% between hospitals. The regression model had 100% sensitivity and 9.0%–14.9% PPV. With both models, <25% of records needed review to confirm SSI. The regression model requires more complex data management skills, partly due to incomplete data.Conclusions:In this independent external validation, both surveillance models performed well. The classification model is preferred above the regression model because of source-data availability and less complex data-management requirements. The next step is implementation in infection prevention practices and workflow processes.