bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Study of Methoxykaolinite Interactions with Cations and Application to Trace-Level Detection of Pb(II) in Various Aqueous Media
Authors: Nguelo Bruno Boniface , Nganji Urtrich Sandjon , Yami Yvana Rusca Kamgue , Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMethoxykaolinite is a very popular organo-modified kaolinite. Even though it has a number of interesting properties, this nanohybrid material is still underused in terms of practical applications. In the present study, methoxykaolinite was synthesized and used for the first time as an electrode modifier for Pb(II) determination in various aqueous media. X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used as characterization tools to confirm the presence of grafted methoxy groups in the interlayer space of kaolinite. The electrochemical characterization of methoxykaolinite using the cationic probe Ru(NH3)63+ showed that the modified clay presents favorable interactions with cationic compounds. A methoxykaolinite-modified electrode was applied successfully to the quantification of Pb(II) in aqueous solution. At optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve in the concentration range 0.025–0.3 μM showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), a sensitivity of 3.36 μA μM–1, and a detection limit of 5.6 nM. This detection limit was 10 times lower than the minimum concentration of Pb(II) authorized in drinking water. The sensor was used also for the determination of Pb(II) in tap, river, and well water samples with only minor loss of sensitivity and recoveries (90±5% to 110±4%). Thanks to the excellent biocompatibility of kaolinite, the sensor was applied for Pb(II) detection in human urine. Recovery in the range 98±8% to 103±6% was obtained when three freshly collected urine samples were spiked with known amounts of Pb(II). These results showed the interesting potential of methoxykaolinite as an electrode modifier for trace-level detection of cations, even in biological samples.
To Teach or Not to Teach: An International Study of Language Teachers’ Experiences of Online Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kwee Ching Ting Tany 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSchools have been switching to online learning to ensure students’ learning continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of studies examining language teachers’ motivations and decisions for continuing online teaching in the future. This study aims at investigating the significant factors influencing language teachers’ motivations and decisions on online teaching. Based on the aim of this study, three research questions guided this study: (1) What was language teachers’ experience of online teaching? (2) What motivates language teachers to teach online after the COVID-19 pandemic? (3) What demotivates language teachers to teach online after the COVID-19 pandemic? Eight language teachers coming from six countries and regions, namely, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Russia, and Taiwan, were selected to have two one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The researcher used Social Cognitive Career Theory as a theoretical framework and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as the methodology to examine language teachers’ experiences in-depth. This study found that better time management and a positive learning environment are the reasons for continuing online language teaching, while personal beliefs on education and negative teaching outcome expectations are the reasons for stopping online language teaching. The findings can provide insights for the education institutions, school management and policy-makers to devise appropriate strategies to boost language teachers’ motivations to incorporate online teaching in the post-pandemic era.
Women carry for less: body size, pelvis width, loading position and energetics
Authors: Wall-Scheffler Cara M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe energetic cost of walking varies with mass and speed; however, the metabolic cost of carrying loads has not consistently increased proportionally to the mass carried. The cost of carrying mass, and the speed at which human walkers carry this mass, has been shown to vary with load position and load description (e.g. child vs. groceries). Additionally, the preponderance of women carriers around the world, and the tendency for certain kinds of population-level sexual dimorphism has led to the hypothesis that women might be more effective carriers than men. Here, I investigate the energetic cost and speed changes of women (N =9) and men (N =6) walking through the woods carrying their own babies (mean baby mass = 10.6 kg) in three different positions – on their front, side and back using the same Ergo fabric baby sling. People carrying their babies on their backs are able to maintain their unloaded walking speed (1.4 m/s) and show the lowest increase in metabolic cost per distance (J/m, 17.4%). Women carry the babies for a lower energetic cost than men at all conditions (p< 0.01). Further energetic and kinematic evidence elucidates the preponderance of back-carrying cross-culturally, and illustrates the importance of relatively wider bi-trochanteric breadths for reducing the energetic costs of carrying.
How the laser beam size conditions the temporal contrast in pulse stretchers of chirped-pulse amplification lasers
Authors: Roeder Simon , Zobus Yannik , Brabetz Christian , Bagnoud Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, we propose and verify experimentally a model that describes the concomitant influence of the beam size and optical roughness on the temporal contrast of optical pulses passing through a pulse stretcher in chirped-pulse amplification laser systems. We develop an analytical model that is capable of predicting the rising edge caused by the reflection from an optical element in a pulse stretcher, based on the power spectral density of the surface and the spatial beam profile on the surface. In an experimental campaign, we characterize the temporal contrast of a laser pulse that passed through either a folded or an unfolded stretcher design and compare these results with the analytical model. By varying the beam size for both setups, we verify that optical elements in the near- and the far-field act opposed to each with respect to the temporal contrast and that the rising edge caused by a surface benefits from a larger spatial beam size on that surface.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorised store marketing environments in Louisiana encourage the selection of less nutritious foods and beverages
Authors: Houghtaling Bailey , Cater Melissa , Pradhananga Nila , Holston Denise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Marketing influences consumers’ dietary purchases. However, little is known about marketing environments in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorised stores. The present study explored SNAP-authorised store marketing environments in Louisiana by rurality, store ownership and store type (n 42). Sampling methods were designed to include randomly selected stores in each geographic area of the state. The GroPromo was used to measure placement, promotion, and child-focused aspects of marketing strategies used for healthier (fruits and vegetables) and less healthy products (chips, candy, sugar-sweetened beverages, child-focused cereal) in medium- and high-prominence marketing areas. In using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) (P < 0⋅05) for data analysis, variations in GroPromo scores were found among SNAP-authorised stores by rurality (P < 0⋅05) and store ownership (P < 0⋅001); no differences were found by store type (P > 0⋅05). Future research, practice and policy strategies are required to understand the influence of marketing environments on SNAP participants’ dietary quality and to design responsive public health interventions.
Scaling limits of branching random walks and branching-stable processes
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Yang Hairuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBranching-stable processes have recently appeared as counterparts of stable subordinators, when addition of real variables is replaced by branching mechanisms for point processes. Here we are interested in their domains of attraction and describe explicit conditions for a branching random walk to converge after a proper magnification to a branching-stable process. This contrasts with deep results obtained during the past decade on the asymptotic behavior of branching random walks and which involve either shifting without rescaling, or demagnification.
A Sensible Pragmatist Conception of Truth
Authors: Misak Cheryl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis essay traces the evolution of the pragmatist elements in Wiggins's distinctive view of truth and shows its connections to the founder of pragmatism, C.S. Peirce and one of Peirce's greatest successors, F.P. Ramsey. Wiggin's pragmatism, like that of Peirce and Ramsey, is a pragmatism that attempts to arrive at what Wiggins calls ‘a sensible subjectivism’ – an account of truth that respects both the human inventiveness and the objectivity that are each a part of our search for the truth
Virtual reality cue exposure therapy for tobacco relapse prevention: a comparative study with standard intervention
Authors: Malbos Eric , Borwell Baptiste , Einig-Iscain Mélodie , Korchia Théo , Cantalupi Robin , Boyer Laurent , Lancon Christophe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful interventions have been developed for smoking cessation although the success of smoking relapse prevention protocols has been limited. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in particular has been hampered by a high relapse rate. Because relapse can be due to conditions associated with tobacco consumption (such as drinking in bars with friends), virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VRCE) can be a potential tool to generate 3D interactive environments that simulate risk situations for relapse prevention procedures.MethodsTo assess the effectiveness of VRCE with CBT, a comparative trial involving 100 smoking abstinent participants was designed with all required virtual environments (VE) created with an inexpensive graphic engine/game level editor.ResultsOutcome measures confirmed the immersive and craving eliciting effect of these VEs. Results demonstrated that more participants in the VRCE group did not experience smoking relapse and that VRCE is at least as efficacious as traditional CBT in terms of craving reduction and decrease in nicotine dependence. Dropout and relapse rate in the VRCE group was noticeably lower than the CBT group. Aside from mood scores, no significant differences were found regarding the other scales.ConclusionThe present clinical trial provides evidence that VRCE was effective in preventing smoking relapse. Improvement in technology and methodology for future research and applications is delineated.
Central Tibetan famines 1280–1400: when premodern climate change and bad governance starved Tibet
Authors: Gamble Ruth , Powers John , Hackett Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom the late-1200s to the mid-1400s, the river valleys of Central Tibet experienced both droughts and political upheavals. This combination of inclement weather and administrative dysfunction led to a series of famines. Although the famines were noted at the time, they were later forgotten in Tibetan narratives, and this is the first time that they are the subject of historical study. In this article we analyse the historical narratives of famine – found in biographies, histories and poems – and compare them with the region's paleoclimatic records, focusing particularly on changes in temperature and precipitation. We begin by discussing the famines’ climatic and political causes and their relationship to broader South and East Asian climatic- and famine-related events. We then outline the Tibetan religious, societal and government responses to these events. These responses include the community's initial reactions, and the multiple magical and managerial strategies they eventually developed to stave off famines.
Interception of an aerial manoeuvring target using monocular vision
Authors: Jana Shuvrangshu , Tony Lima Agnel , Bhise Aashay Anil , VP Varun , Ghose Debasish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, a vision-based guidance algorithm for interception of an aerial manoeuvring target is proposed. Vision-based aerial engagement in 3D space in an outdoor environment is challenging due to uncertainty in estimating the target location. The vision-based guidance algorithm proposed here generates the desired velocity commands for the interceptor drone based on the orientation of the target pixel in the image plane. The desired velocity at the centre of gravity of the interceptor is calculated such that the velocity at the camera centre is aligned towards the line joining the target pixel and the camera centre. It is shown that the proposed guidance strategy forces the target pixel towards the centre of the image plane and leads to low miss distance. The algorithm developed is first tested in the ROS-Gazebo platform and then implemented in field experiments.
Children’s engagement and caregivers’ use of language-boosting strategies during shared book reading: A mixed methods approach
Authors: LINGWOOD Jamie , LAMPROPOULOU Sofia , DE BEZENAC Christophe , BILLINGTON Josie , ROWLAND Caroline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor shared book reading to be effective for language development, the adult and child need to be highly engaged. The current paper adopted a mixed-methods approach to investigate caregiver’s language-boosting behaviours and children’s engagement during shared book reading. The results revealed there were more instances of joint attention and caregiver’s use of prompts during moments of higher engagement. However, instances of most language-boosting behaviours were similar across episodes of higher and lower engagement. Qualitative analysis assessing the link between children’s engagement and caregiver’s use of speech acts, revealed that speech acts do seem to contribute to high engagement, in combination with other aspects of the interaction.
Homosexual Stories, Family Stories: Neo-Confucian Homonormativity and Storytelling in the Chinese Gay Community
Authors: Luo Muyuan , Tseng Hsunhui , Ma Yin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the recent proliferation of family-themed homosexual stories in China based on life-history interviews and participant observation conducted in Shenzhen. We develop the concept of “neo-Confucian homonormativity” – characterized by a harmonious relationship between gay men and their families of origin and their ability and aspiration to enter a monogamous relationship and become parents – to explain the production, circulation and consumption of these stories in the Chinese gay community. We argue that these stories are socially embedded actions enabled by the emerging neoliberal sexual politics in the Chinese gay community that influence the organization of the Chinese gay community and Chinese gay men's lived experiences. By analysing the emerging storytelling practices in the Chinese gay community, this article challenges the Western-centric way of theorizing homonormativity and opens up the possibility to conceptualize homonormativity from an Asian perspective.
Prix, consommation, balance et revenus
Authors: Baudhuin Fernand 
Published: August 2022

1. — L'année 1950 a présenté en Belgique des particularités curieuses dans le domaine des prix.Au cours du premier semestre, les prix de gros sont demeurés remarquablement stables, et les prix de détail ont fléchi légèrement, par suite surtout de la baisse cyclique du porc. Le démenti infligé à tous ceux qui annonçaient que la dévaluation monétaire de 12 ½ %, en septembre 1949, devait fatalement déterminer une hausse des prix, a été confirmé et amplifié. Les prix de gros, qui se trouvaient à 363 au mois d'août 1949, étaient encore à 365 en juin 1950. Quant aux prix de détail, ils étaient revenus d'une date à l'autre, de 378 à 368, par suite de la baisse des produits alimentaires.
L'évolution séculaire des taux de fret et d'assurance maritimes 1819-1940
Authors: Schöller Paul 
Published: August 2022

De nombreuses études faites dans le cadre des travaux de l'Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales ont précisé l'évolution séculaire et les mouvements longs des prix. Notre but est d'y ajouter le résultat de recherches sur les mouvements des taux de fret et d'assurance maritimes. Ces deux facteurs revêtent, en effet, une importance considérable dans la formation des prix sur un marché international.En Angleterre, en premier lieu, l'attention se porta sur les mouvements des frets maritimes. Le Board of Trade publia en 1904, un indice des frets de 1884 à 1903, que Hobson compléta plus tard, en couvrant la période de 1819 à 1912; cet indice est basé sur les frets de blé et de denrées alimentaires vers l'Angleterre et les frets de charbon et de fer au départ du Royaume-Uni, et porte sur 22 routes maritimes. En 1938, Isserlis établit un indice de 1869 à 1936, d'après les rapports annuels de la maison Angier, rapports donnant les frets les plus hauts et les plus bas pour 200 routes maritimes vers l'Angleterre et 100 vers l'extérieur. Enfin, pour la période postérieure à la première guerre mondiale, on dispose d'un indice de la Chamber of Shipping, publié dans le Statist, d'un indice de Macrosty, d'un nouvel indice pondéré d'Isserlis, etc.
Violent behavior and the COVID-19 lockdowns: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Pisl Vojtech , Vevera Jan , Holas Jakub , Volavka Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim was to test the hypothesis that physical interpersonal violence is decreased during the lockdown period in comparison with comparable control periods. The secondary aims were to explore the effects of gender and alcohol consumption on the violence during the lockdown.MethodsNationwide records of hospitalizations secondary to an assault were analyzed using quasipoisson regression. Assault rates in two lockdown periods, defined as a national emergency state, were compared to baseline data between 2017 and 2020, controlling for seasonal fluctuations and pandemic-related effects other than lockdown. To validate the findings on independent data, differences between lockdown and baseline in Police records of violent criminality between 2017 and 2021 were examined using one-way ANOVA.ResultsThe rates of hospitalizations secondary to an assault decreased substantially during lockdowns (IRR = .43; P < .001) and the duration of lockdown did not affect assault rates (P = .07). The decrease in assault rates was more pronounced in males than females (IRR = .77; P < .05) and was weakened in patients with history of alcohol abuse (IRR = 1.83; P < .001). Violent crime rate decreased by 19% during the lockdowns compared to prepandemic baseline (P < .001).ConclusionWe found that physical interpersonal violence decreased during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. The reduction is significantly greater in males. Emerging evidence suggests an increased risk of alcohol use and intoxication during the lockdowns. Violent crime rate decreased during the lockdown.
The Generic BFRB Scale-8 (GBS-8): a transdiagnostic scale to measure the severity of body-focused repetitive behaviours
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Gallinat Christina , Weidinger Sarah , Bruhns Alina , Lion Despina , Snorrason Ivar , Keuthen Nancy , Schmotz Stella , Penney Danielle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs) such as skin picking and hair pulling are frequent but under-diagnosed and under-treated psychological conditions. As of now, most studies use symptom-specific BFRB scales. However, a transdiagnostic scale is needed in view of the high co-morbidity of different BFRBs.Aims:We aimed to assess the reliability as well as concurrent and divergent validity of a newly developed transdiagnostic BFRB scale.Method:For the first time, we administered the 8-item Generic BFRB Scale (GBS-8) as well as the Repetitive Body Focused Behavior Scale (RBFBS), modified for adults, in 279 individuals with BFRBs. The GBS-8 builds upon the Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R), but has been adapted to capture different BFRBs concurrently. A total of 170 participants (61%) were re-assessed after 6 weeks to determine the test–retest reliability of the scale.Results:Similar to the SPS-R, factor analysis yielded two dimensions termed symptom severity and impairment. The test–retest reliability of the scale was satisfactory (r = .72, p<.001). Concurrent validity (r = .74) with the RBFBS was good (correlational indexes for concurrent validity were significantly higher than that for discriminant validity).Discussion:The GBS-8 appears to be a reliable and valid global measure of BFRBs. We recommend usage of the scale in combination with specific BFRB scales to facilitate comparability across studies on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.
Between Westminster and Brussels: Putting the “Parliament” in Parliamentary Ethnography
Authors: Miller Cherry M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGender and politics scholars are increasingly making appeals to ethnographic methodology to bring important contributions to understand the reproduction of gender, gender hierarchies, gendered relations, and their redress in parliamentary settings. This article draws upon fieldwork conducted in the U.K. House of Commons and the European Parliament and finds distinctive gendered cultures and norms in debating and working parliaments. Focusing on one dimension of this distinction—the parliamentary debating chamber—the article argues that parliamentary ethnography provides novel empirical insights into this conceptual distinction and into empirical understandings of gendered debating and working parliaments. While parliamentary ethnography is a fruitful innovation, the article discusses the drawbacks of this methodology and provides feminist reflection on ways to make it more accessible.
Development of Land‐River Two‐Way Hydrologic Coupling for Floodplain Inundation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
Authors: Xu Donghui , Bisht Gautam , Zhou Tian , Leung L. Ruby , Pan Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFloodplain inundation links river and land systems through significant water, sediment, and nutrient exchanges. However, these two‐way interactions between land and river are currently missing in most Earth System Models. In this study, we introduced the two‐way hydrological coupling between the land component, E3SM Land Model, and the river component, Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport, in Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) to study the impacts of floodplain inundation on land and river processes. We calibrated the river channel geometry and developed a new data‐driven inundation scheme to improve the simulation of inundation dynamics in E3SM. The new inundation scheme captures 96% of the spatial variation of inundation area in a satellite inundation product at global scale, in contrast with 7% when the default inundation scheme of E3SM was used. Global simulations including the new inundation scheme performed at resolution with and without land‐river two‐way coupling was used to quantify the impact of coupling. Comparisons show that two‐way coupling modifies the water and energy cycle in 20% of the global land cells. Specifically, riverine inundation is reduced by two‐way coupling, but inland inundation is intensified. Wetter periods are more impacted by the two‐way coupling at the global scale, while regions with different climates exhibit different sensitivities. The two‐way exchange of water between the land and river components of E3SM provides the foundation for enabling two‐way coupling of land‐river sediment and biogeochemical fluxes. These capabilities will be used to improve understanding of the interactions between water and biogeochemical cycles and their response to human perturbations.