bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy in the daily practice of the gynecologist, essential or just window dressing?
Authors: Koppes Dorothea M. , Vesseur Maud A. M. , Schepens‐Franke Annelieke N. , Kruitwagen Rutgerus F. P. M. , Notten Kim J. B. , Scheele Fedde 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditionally, anatomy was one of the basic pillars of medical training. However, due to the expansion of medical science and medical knowledge in general, anatomy teaching has steadily declined and the way anatomy is taught has changed. These changes go hand in hand with growing literature about a perceived and proven lack of anatomical knowledge. While anatomy is important for all doctors, these developments seem to be more worrying for surgical residents. At the same time, little is known about how clinicians use anatomy in daily practice. The primary aim of this study was to increase understanding of the role of anatomy in the daily practice of gynecologists. An explorative qualitative study was performed to answer the question “What is the tangible utility of solid anatomical knowledge in the daily practice of the gynecologist”? Semi‐structured interviews with gynecologists and obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) residents from Belgium and the Netherlands were held and the responses were analyzed using a phenomenographic inductive coding approach. Anatomical knowledge was important and used for technical skills and non‐technical achievements in the daily practice of gynecologists, and three themes were distinguished. Specifically, anatomical knowledge was important and used (1) for daily activities, (2) for the feeling of self‐efficacy, and (3) to gain a respected name as a doctor. These findings are discussed in light of (perceived) insufficient anatomical knowledge, and recommendations are made for the postgraduate education of ObGyn doctors.
Olfactory–gustatory simultaneity judgments: A preliminary study on the congruency‐dependent temporal window of multisensory binding
Authors: Gotow Naomi , Kobayakawa Tatsu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundA greater congruency of audio and video expands the temporal binding window (TBW). A similar phenomenon may occur with a combination of odor and taste, which are the main components of flavor.ObjectiveTBW is defined as the temporal resolution of synchrony perception. The larger the TBW, the lower the resolution. We hypothesized that the more congruent the odor and taste, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception.MethodsTo examine this hypothesis, 10 female participants performed simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks under congruent (soy sauce odor with saline) and incongruent (cherry tree leaf odor with saline) conditions and evaluated the congruency with saltiness for the two odors. In the SJ tasks, participants reported whether odor and taste were presented simultaneously or successively. We assumed a Gaussian distribution for the temporal distributions of the simultaneous response rates and calculated the approximations. In addition, we computed the half width at half height (HWHH) as an index of TBW based on the coefficient of approximation for the temporal distribution of the simultaneous response rates.ResultsHWHH was significantly larger under congruent condition than under incongruent condition. In addition, congruency with saltiness had a significant moderate positive correlation with HWHH.ConclusionThe larger the HWHH, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception, supporting the hypothesis. This study suggests that the width of TBW depends on the cross‐modal congruency similar to the case for audio–visual SJs. However, methodological improvements, including a larger sample size and gender‐independent recruitment of participants, are essential to enhance the reliability of the findings because some of the results did not provide sufficient ESs or power.
Anatomic misconceptions regarding the agger nasi cell: A preliminary analysis utilizing endoscopic anatomic dissection and three‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Bolger William E. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe agger nasi cell is a key anatomic landmark in endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. However, discord amongst authors regarding anatomic definition and prevalence raises questions of its suitability as a surgical landmark. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the agger nasi cell using radiographic imaging correlated with endoscopic anatomic dissection to consider the cell's role as a surgical landmark and to explore if three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) technology can provide enhanced insight into this anatomy. CT scans of 11 cadaveric sinonasal complexes were studied using triplanar CT or 3D‐CT scanning with stereoscopic 3D imaging. Endoscopic dissections were performed and video recorded. Attention was given to identify agger nasi pneumatization and its origin. Pneumatization of the agger nasi region was noted in 4/11 cases (36.4%) (in two cases the pneumatization arose from the frontal recess, in two from a true agger nasi cell). The agger nasi region appeared as solid unpneumatized bone in 4/11 cases (36.4%). In 3/11 cases (27.3%) limited pneumatization was noted, bordering on but not pneumatizing the agger nasi proper. It may be confusing for otolaryngologic surgeons in training to rely on the “agger nasi cell” as a surgical landmark due to misconceptions regarding the anatomy, prevalence and anatomic definitions. Using standard CT scans to teach anatomy may have shortcomings as compared to the gold standard of surgical dissection. However, new 3D‐CT holds promise to more accurately reflect small microanatomic features and provide an improved road map of a patient's anatomy in surgery.
The anatomy of the uterine artery: A meta‐analysis with implications for gynecological procedures
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Michalczak Mateusz , Gabryszuk Kamil , Bereza Tomasz , Iwanaga Joe , Zarzecki Michał , Sporek Mateusz , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe uterine artery (UA) is an arterial branch of the internal iliac artery in women, usually arising from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. However, due to the high variability in the anatomy of the UA, embolization of this vessel may be challenging. Therefore, the objective of this meta‐analysis was to provide physicians with transparent data on the anatomy of the UA, using the available data in the literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find all the relevant studies regarding the UA. A total of 16 articles met the required criteria. The UA was found to originate most frequently from the internal iliac artery as the pooled prevalence was set to be 61.72% (95% CI: 41.31%–80.31%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the umbilical artery was established at 13.93% (95% CI: 2.76%–30.44%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the inferior gluteal artery was set to be 5.22% (95% CI: 0.00%–15.44%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the highly variable anatomy of the UA. The UA originates most frequently from the internal iliac artery (61.72%), however, other origins, such as from the umbilical artery (13.93%) or the inferior gluteal artery (5.22%) may occur. It is hoped that the results of the present meta‐analysis will be a helpful tool for surgeons performing pelvic or gynecological surgeries.
Novel Function of CtXyn5A from Acetivibrio thermocellus: Dual Arabinoxylanase and Feruloyl Esterase Activity in the Same Active Site**
Authors: Schmitz Eva , Leontakianakou Savvina , Adlercreutz Patrick , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Linares‐Pastén Javier A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnzymes’ uncharacterised side activities can have significant effects on reaction products and yields. Hence, their identification and characterisation are crucial for the development of successful reaction systems. Here, we report the presence of feruloyl esterase activity in CtXyn5A from Acetivibrio thermocellus, besides its well‐known arabinoxylanase activity, for the first time. Activity analysis of enzyme variants mutated in the catalytic nucleophile, Glu279, confirmed removal of all activity for E279A and E279L, and increased esterase activity while removing xylanase activity for E279S, thus allowing the proposal that both reaction types are catalysed in the same active site in two subsequential steps. The ferulic acid substituent is cleaved off first, followed by hydrolysis of the xylan backbone. The esterase activity on complex carbohydrates was found to be higher than that of a designated ferulic acid esterase (E‐FAERU). Therefore, we conclude that the enzyme exhibits a dual function rather than an esterase side activity.
Methionine sulfoxide suppresses adipogenic differentiation by regulating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Qin Dani , Lei Yong , Xie Wen , Zheng Qiuju , Peng Zhou , Liu Yiwen , Dai Biao , Ma Tieliang , Wei Ping , Gao Chunlin , Guo Xirong , Gao Jianfang , Zhao Jing , Du Juan , Zeng Qianyi , Zhang Zhongxiao , Dong Xiaohua , Shen Huiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, methionine sulfoxide (MetO) was identified as an active metabolite that suppresses adipogenesis after screening obese individuals versus the normal population. MetO suppressed the gene and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during human preadipocyte (HPA) differentiation. Adipogenesis decreased following MetO treatment; however, the preadipocyte number, proliferation, and apoptosis were unaffected. The activity of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐related kinase (P‐ERK) of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was significantly inhibited in HPA after MetO treatment. Furthermore, treatment of preadipocytes with the selective P‐ERK1/2 agonist Ro 67‐7476 abolished the effect of MetO against adipogenesis suggesting that MetO function is dependent on the MAPK pathway. The mechanistic insights of adipogenesis suppression by MetO presented in this study shows its potential as an antiobesity drug.
Mechanical thrombectomy versus catheter directed thrombolysis in patients with pulmonary embolism: A multicenter experience
Authors: Inci Errol K. , Khandhar Sameer , Toma Catalin , Licitra Giancarlo , Brown Matthew J. , Herzig Matthew , Matthai William , Palevsky Harold , Schwartz Arielle , Wight John A. , McDaniel Michael , Kumar Gautam , Devireddy Chandan , Baumgartner Scott , Bashline Michael , Jaber Wissam A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCompare in‐hospital outcomes of patients treated with either mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or catheter directed lysis (CDL) in treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsThis is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing MT or CDL for acute PE between 2014 and 2021. The primary outcome was the composite of in‐hospital death, significant bleed, vascular complication, or need for mechanical support post‐procedure. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the composite outcome in addition to blood transfusions, invasive hemodynamics, echocardiographic data, and intensive care unit (ICU) utilization.Results458 patients were treated for PE with 266 patients in the CDL arm and 192 patients in the MT arm. The primary composite endpoint was not significantly different between the two groups with CDL 12% versus MT 11% (p = 0.5). There was a significant difference in total length of ICU time required with more in the CDL group versus MT (3.8 ± 2.0 vs. 2.8 ± 3.0 days, p = 0.009). All other secondary end points showed no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing catheter directed treatment of PE, there was no difference between MT and CDL in terms of in‐hospital mortality, bleeds, catheter‐related complications, and hemodynamics.
Direct Methanation and Storage Concepts for the Flexibilization of Biogas Plants
Authors: Flach Charley , Conti Fosca , Bayraktar Ahmet , Goldbrunner Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnrichment of the methane fraction in a biogas mixture is an innovative possibility to make existing biogas plants more flexible by using excess power. In the described concept, the CO2 in the biogas is directly catalytically converted into CH4 with H2. The CH4‐enriched biogas is again fed into the digester to save energy for later use in the combined heat‐and‐power unit. Additionally, the fed heat gas can mix and heat the substrate. A heat pipe injector system was therefore developed for cooling the hot biogas stream after methanation and to prevent damage to the microbial consortia during the biomass mixing. The concept was proven at a laboratory‐scale biogas plant.
Buried Interface Regulation by Bio‐Functional Molecules for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pang Xuerui , Huang Jing , Lin Chunxia , Zhang Yingfang , Cheng Nian , Zi Wei , Sun Zhu‐Zhu , Yu Zhen , Zhao Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong the factors that lead to the reduction of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) the difficulty involved in realizing a high‐quality film and the efficient charge transfer that takes place at the interface between electron‐transport layer (ETL) and perovskite is worth mentioning. Here, a strategy for planar‐type devices by natural bio‐functional interfaces that uses a buried electron‐transport layer made of cobalamin complexed tin oxide (SnO2@B12) is demonstrated. Having systematically investigated the effects of SnO2@B12 interfacial layer in perovskite solar cells, it can be concluded that cobalamin can chemically link the SnO2 layer and the perovskite layer, resulting in improved perovskite film quality and interfacial defect passivation. Utilizing SnO2@B12 improves the efficiency of planar‐type PSCs by 20.60 %. Furthermore, after 250 h of exposure to an ambient atmosphere, unsealed PSCs containing SnO2@B12 degrade by 10 %. This research provides a viable method for developing bio‐functional molecules that will increase the effectiveness and durability of planar‐perovskite solar cells.
Hyperbranched Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based Polymers Constructed via Linear Side‐Chains towards Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhou Zhaoqiong , Li Yan , Chen Pinyu , Meng Jinqiu , Luo Nan , Luo Liang , He Feng , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Hao‐Li , Liu Zitong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConjugated polymers with high charge mobilities have drawn increasing attention in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) in recent years. However, OFETs of conjugated polymers with high mobility and good device stability remain a challenge. In this article, we report a hyperbranched polymer approach to improve the charge mobility and device stability. Three hyperbranched diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymers were designed and synthesized via linear alkyl side‐chain linkers. The results show that 2D topological hyperbranched polymers form stable thin film microstructures, and thus improve the device stability, since the conjugated moiety is interconnected by linear alkyl chain. Besides, the incorporation of linear alkyl chain instead of branching alkyl one reduce steric hindrance, and improve the microstructure ordering as well as the charge mobility. Bar‐coated OFETs result demonstrates that the devices mobilities and operational stabilities (bias stability and bending resistance) are both improved. All these indicate that hyperbranched polymer is a potential candidate for future application.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Cyclic Amines with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Peng Yi , Oestreich Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOpening the ring of cyclic amines by regioselective fission of one of the carbon–nitrogen bonds greatly expands the repertoire of available nitrogen‐containing skeletons. Unlike approaches starting from cyclic tertiary amines, methods that can directly open secondary amines are still scarce. The present work discloses an efficient reductive ring opening of either of these cyclic amines using PhSiH3 under B(C6F5)3 catalysis. By this, the direct transformation of unstrained cyclic amines into the corresponding acyclic amines is achieved in a simple one‐pot operation. A stepwise mechanism proceeding through the intermediacy of silylammonium ions followed by reductive cleavage of a carbon–nitrogen bond was experimentally verified.
Incidence, factors, and disparities related to cancer among Black individuals in Canada: A scoping review
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Dromer Élisabeth , Darius Wina Paul , Dalexis Rose Darly , Furyk Sarah Elizabeth , Poisson Hannah , Mansoub Bekarkhanechi Farid , Shah Muhammad , Diao David Guangyu , Gedeon Andi Phaelle , Lebel Sophie , Labelle Patrick R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Canada, two of five individuals will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime and one in four will die from this disease. Given the disparities observed in health research among Black individuals, we conducted a scoping review to analyze the state of cancer research in Canadian Black communities regarding prevalence, incidence, screening, mortality, and related factors to observe advances and identify gaps and disparities.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed in December 2021 across 10 databases (e.g., Embase). Of 3451 studies generated by the search, 19 were retained for extraction and included in this study.ResultsStudies were focused on a variety of cancer types among Black individuals including anal, breast, cervical, colorectal, gastric, lung, and prostate cancers. They included data on incidence, stage of cancer at diagnosis, type of care received, diagnostic interval length, and screening. A few studies also demonstrated racial disparities among Black individuals. This research reveals disparities in screening, incidence, and quality of care among Black individuals in Canada.ConclusionsGiven the gaps observed in cancer studies among Black individuals, federal and provincial governments and universities should consider creating special funds to generate research on this important health issue.Plain language summaryImportant gaps were observed on research on cancer among Black communities in Canada. Studies included in the scoping review highlights disparities in screening, incidence, and quality of care among Black individuals in Canada.
Simple Fabrication of ϵ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Containing Silica Monoliths with Enhanced Coercivity
Authors: Altenschmidt Laura , Beaunier Patricia , Bordage Amélie , Rivière Eric , Fornasieri Giulia , Bleuzen Anne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost of large‐size permanent room‐temperature hard magnets contain rare‐earth elements. Here, we present the preparation of a large‐size rare‐earth free hard magnet based on the loading of the ordered mesoporosity of a preformed ordered mesoporous silica monolith obtained by a sol‐gel route with the Fe(NO3)3 salt, followed by a simple calcination in air. The investigation of the influence of the thermal treatment temperature as well as the Fe/Si ratio on the microstructure of the ϵ‐Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites reveals well‐controlled ϵ‐Fe2O3 particles size and size distribution. Their magnetic study allows us i) to specify the size of the particles with an enhanced coercivity and ii) to show a linear correlation between the magnetic coercivity of the materials and the mass percent of these particles in the nanocomposites. A ϵ‐Fe2O3 based bulk hard magnet with the highest coercive field of 18 kOe at room temperature was obtained by this synthesis process.
Toward deceiving the intrusion attacks in containerized cloud environment using virtual private cloud‐based moving target defense
Authors: Hyder Muhammad Faraz , Ahmed Waqas , Ahmed Maaz 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe container‐based cloud has its distinct security challenges. In this article, moving target defense (MTD) is used to increase the cost and effort of the attacker to exploit resources and follow an attack path to compromise the critical resources in a container‐based cloud. The existing MTD mechanisms for cloud have not focused on intruder prevention inside containerized environment. The proposed solution is one of its kind that utilizes resource movement inside and across the virtual private network in the cloud to deceive intruders. The framework continuously changes the target/container to increase confusion about the routing path, so attackers cannot follow the simple attack path. This obscure cloud architecture increases the delay in attack and gives system/network administrators significant time to use Intrusion Detection mechanisms for countering the attack. The proposed scheme is implemented on the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) by using an extensive network of nodes hosting the stateful pods that are created and destroyed periodically. The experimental analysis confirmed that the proposed scheme substantially increased the attack path length and added obscurity at a low computation cost. However, as per experiments, implementing the proposed scheme in GCP slightly increases the dollar cost.
LncRNA IL21‐AS1 interacts with hnRNPU protein to promote IL21 overexpression and aberrant differentiation of Tfh cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Limin , Hu Longyuan , Long Haojun , Zheng Meiling , Hu Zhi , He Ye , Gao Xiaofei , Du Pei , Zhao Hongjun , Yu Di , Lu Qianjin , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aberrant differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanism of regulating Tfh cells differentiation remains unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important regulators in the processes of innate and adaptive immune response. Whether lncRNAs are involved in regulating Tfh cell differentiation and autoimmune responses need to be further identified.MethodsThe characters and functions of human IL21‐AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21‐AS) were investigated by a series of biochemical assays and cell transfection assay. mIl21‐AS1 regulating humoral immune response in vivo was explored by keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) model.ResultsHuman IL21‐AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21‐AS) were identified and cloned. We uncovered that IL21‐AS1 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and Tfh cells, which promoted differentiation of Tfh cells. Mechanistically, IL21‐AS1 bound heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U and recruited acetyltransferases CREB‐binding protein to the promoter of IL21, leading to the transcriptional activation of IL21 and Tfh cells differentiation through increasing Histone H3 acetylation level on IL21 promoter. Moreover, Tfh proportion and antibodies production were significantly increased in mIl21‐AS knock‐in mice immunized with KLH. mIl21‐AS1 overexpression also exacerbated the lupus‐like phenotype in cGVHD mice model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that IL21‐AS1 activates IL21 transcription via epigenetic mechanism to promote germinal centre response, adding insight into the molecular regulation of autoimmune pathogenesis and providing a novel target for SLE treatment.