bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocranial volume increases across captive generations in the endangered Mexican wolf
Authors: Siciliano-Martina Leila , Michaud Margot , Tanis Brian P. , Scicluna Emily L. , Lawing A. Michelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndangered animals in captivity may display reduced brain sizes due to captive conditions and limited genetic diversity. Captive diets, for example, may differ in nutrition and texture, altering cranial musculature and alleviating constraints on cranial shape development. Changes in brain size are associated with biological fitness, which may limit reintroduction success. Little is known about how changes in brain size progress in highly managed carnivoran populations and whether such traits are retained among reintroduced populations. Here, we measured the endocranial volume of preserved Mexican wolf skulls across captive generations and between captive, wild, and reintroduced populations and assessed endocranial volume dependence on inbreeding and cranial musculature. Endocranial volume increased across captive generations. However, we did not detect a difference among captive, wild, and reintroduced groups, perhaps due to the variability across captive generations. We did not find a relationship between endocranial volume and either inbreeding or cranial musculature, although the captive population displayed an increase in the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle. We hypothesize that the increase in endocranial volume observed across captive generations may be related to the high-quality nutrition provided in captivity.
Property space mapping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa permeability to small molecules
Authors: Leus Inga V. , Weeks Jon W. , Bonifay Vincent , Shen Yue , Yang Liang , Cooper Connor J. , Nath Dinesh , Duerfeldt Adam S. , Smith Jeremy C. , Parks Jerry M. , Rybenkov Valentin V. , Zgurskaya Helen I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo membrane cell envelopes act as selective permeability barriers in Gram-negative bacteria, protecting cells against antibiotics and other small molecules. Significant efforts are being directed toward understanding how small molecules permeate these barriers. In this study, we developed an approach to analyze the permeation of compounds into Gram-negative bacteria and applied it to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen notorious for resistance to multiple antibiotics. The approach uses mass spectrometric measurements of accumulation of a library of structurally diverse compounds in four isogenic strains of P. aeruginosa with varied permeability barriers. We further developed a machine learning algorithm that generates a deterministic classification model with minimal synonymity between the descriptors. This model predicted good permeators into P. aeruginosa with an accuracy of 89% and precision above 58%. The good permeators are broadly distributed in the property space and can be mapped to six distinct regions representing diverse chemical scaffolds. We posit that this approach can be used for more detailed mapping of the property space and for rational design of compounds with high Gram-negative permeability.
Determination of time of death by blinded post-mortem interrogation of cardiac implantable electrical devices
Authors: Lackermair Korbinian , Fischer Florian , Manhart Johannes , Scheurer Eva , Graw Matthias , Boy Diana , Lenz Claudia , Hartrampf Bonnie , Kellnar Antonia , Sams Lauren , Estner Heidi , Fichtner Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPostmortal interrogation of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIED) may contribute to the determination of time of death in forensic medicine. Recent studies aimed to improve estimation of time of death by combining findings from autopsy, CIED interrogation and patients´ medical history. CIED from deceased undergoing forensic autopsy were included, if time of death remained unclear after forensic assessment. CIED explanted from deceased with known time of death were analysed as a control cohort. CIED were sent to our device interrogation lab and underwent analysis blinded for autopsy findings, medical history and police reports. The accuracy of time of death determination and the accuracy of time of death in the control cohort served as primary outcome. A total of 87 CIED were analysed. The determination of time of death was possible in 54 CIED (62%, CI 52–72%). The accuracy of the estimated time of death was 92.3% in the control cohort. Certain CIED type and manufacturers were associated with more successful determination. Blinded postmortal analysis enables a valid determination of the time of death in the majority of CIED. Analysis of explanted CIED in a cardiological core lab is feasible and should be implemented in forensic medicine.
Male recognition bias in sex assignment based on visual stimuli
Authors: Federici Stefano , Lepri Alessandro , Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to previous ethnomethodological and cognitive studies on sex assignment, if a figure has male sexual characteristics people are more likely to think it is a man than they think it is a woman when the figure has female sexual characteristics. This bias in favor of male attribution is strongly reinforced when a penis is apparent in human nude pictures. In our contribution, we reported findings of three experiments aimed at replicating previous studies by administering the Sex/Gender Attribution Test for Adult (SGAT-A) created by digitally morphing the bodies of one human male and one human female model into realistic pictures. We observed the sex attribution and response time of 1706 young adult participants. A cross-cultural comparison was also carried out with a sample of young adult Chinese students. Findings substantially reconfirmed those obtained in previous studies. The male external genitalia overshadow any other features that might rather suggest a female identity. Indeed, when male external genitalia were exposed, the odds of male sex attribution were 5.688 compared to 1.823 female attribution when female external genitalia were shown. Moreover, the shortest response times were observed with masculine stimuli. Evolutionary and cultural determinants of the male sex bias are also discussed.
Quantum features of nonlinear coupler with competing nonlinearity
Authors: Julius Rafael , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M. A. , Choudhury Pankaj Kumar , Alias Azrul Nizam , Abd Halim Muhammad Syawal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we examine the quantum features of a multi-waveguide nonlinear coupler exploiting the second-and third-order nonlinearities. The considered system contains four identical channels, each with a single fundamental transverse mode. The essence of this type of nonlinear coupler is to examine the effect of two or more competing nonlinearities on the generated nonclassical features in this class of devices. Here, we consider the case of second harmonic generation, wherein the fundamental harmonic (FH) fields are up-converted in pairs to double-frequency second harmonic (SH) fields, which are then evanescently coupled with the fields from other Kerr nonlinear waveguides. Using the positive P representation of the phase space, the time-evolution of the density matrix could be mapped to the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation of a classical quasiprobability distribution. Using Langevin stochastic equation, an exact representation of the system in phase space led to the demonstration of sub-Poissonian property, squeezing, and entanglement. With more effective squeezing achieved in all channel waveguides, the present system with χ(2)–χ(3) interaction can be a more efficient alternative to other versions of nonlinear couplers such as the quantum optical dimer (QOD) and Kerr nonlinear coupler (KNC). Furthermore, such a structure offers more flexibility in coupled-mode interactions in the form of correlation between the modes in different waveguides. This provides a better mechanism for the generation of enhanced nonclassical effects.
A {Zn4} cluster as a bi-functional luminescence sensor for highly sensitive detection of chloride ions and histidine in aqueous media
Authors: Li Jing , Ma Ke-Xin , Yang Yan , Yang Hua , Lu Jing , Li Da-Cheng , Dou Jian-Min , Ma Hui-Yan , Wang Su-Na , Li Yun-Wu 
Published: May 2022

A novel {Zn4} cluster can efficiently detect Cl− and histidine with low LODs in various aqueous media. The sensing mechanism of Cl− is revealed by various experimental methods and DFT calculations.
A Scoping Review of Technology and Infrastructure Needs in the Delivery of Virtual Hearing Aid Services
Authors: DiFabio Danielle L. , O'Hagan Robin , Glista Danielle 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The digital health revolution has brought forward integral technological advancements enabling virtual care as a readily accessible delivery model. Despite this forward momentum, the field of audiology still faces barriers that impede the uptake of virtual services into routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to gather, synthesize, and summarize the literature around virtual hearing aid intervention studies and the related technology and infrastructure requirements.

Method:
A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science databases. Objectives, inclusion criteria, and scoping review methods were specified in advance and documented in a protocol.

Results:
The 11 studies identified through this review related to virtual hearing aid services delivered by a licensed health care provider and/or facilitator(s) specific to hearing aid management, programming, verification, and validation services. Service delivery models varied according to patient population, technology experience, type(s) and time course of care, type of remote location, and technology/support requirements. Barriers and facilitators to implementation-related themes including technology access and function, client sociotechnical, convenience, education and training, interaction quality, service delivery, and technology innovation.

Conclusions:
This scoping review provides evidence around the technology and infrastructure required for full integration of virtual hearing aid services into practice and according to care type. Low-tech versus high-tech requirements may be used to guide virtual service delivery triaging efforts. Research and development efforts in the areas of pediatrics, clinical support tools, and hearing aid/app-based solutions will support further uptake of virtual service delivery in audiology.
Adaptive composite frequency control of power systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Mu Chaoxu , Wang Ke , Ma Shiqian , Chong Zhiqiang , Ni Zhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the incorporation of renewable energy, load frequency control (LFC) becomes more challenging due to uncertain power generation and changeable load demands. The electric vehicle (EV) has been a popular transportation and can also provide flexible options to play a role in frequency regulation. In this paper, a novel adaptive composite controller is designed to solve the LFC problem for the interconnected power system with electric vehicles and wind turbine. EVs are used as regulation resources to effectively compensate the power mismatch. First, the sliding mode controller is developed to reduce the random influences caused by the wind turbine generation system. Second, an auxiliary controller with reinforcement learning is proposed to produce adaptive control signals, which will be attached to the primary proportion‐integration‐differentiation control signal in a real‐time manner. Finally, by considering random wind power, load disturbances and output constraints, the proposed scheme is verified on a two‐area power system under four different cases. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive composite frequency control scheme has a competitive performance with regard to dynamic performance.
Artificial noise aided directional modulation via reconfigurable intelligent surface: Secrecy guarantee in range domain
Authors: Chen Jiangong , Xiao Yue , Lei Xia , Niu Hong , Yuan Yanli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, the physical limitation of range‐domain security guarantee for directional modulation with frequency diverse array was disclosed in Ding et al. (IEEE Access 8, 63302–63309 (2020)). Therefore, to recreate this significant secrecy realisation in both direction and range domain, the authors conceive an artificial noise aided directional modulation scheme via reconfigurable intelligent surface. Specifically, the angle of departure from the reconfigurable intelligent surface to co‐direction receivers varies with distance, which provides the freedom to distinguish users in the range domain. With locations of the active eavesdroppers, an optimisation problem is further formulated to maximise the secrecy rate, which is then solved by applying genetic algorithm and alternating optimisation. On the other hand, when the eavesdroppers are silent, we employ maximum‐ratio transmission precoding and artificial noise to guarantee information security. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, due to the aid of reconfigurable intelligent surface, the developed directional modulation structure can robustly guarantee the information security in the range domain, whether the information of eavesdroppers is achieved.
Geometric control for trajectory‐tracking of a quadrotor UAV with suspended load
Authors: Wang Junan , Yuan Xiaozhuoer , Zhu Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA geometric control is proposed for the trajectory‐tracking of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with suspended load. The plant to be controlled is modelled by using Euler–Lagrangian equations, and it is linearised around zero swing angles of the load. The swing angles of the load are supposed to be unmeasurable, and they are estimated by the state observer. The controller is design in the inner–outer loop framework, where the outer loop trajectory‐tracking is basically implemented by internal model principle, and the inner loop attitude control is designed on to avoid singularities. It is proved that, with the proposed geometric control, the tracking error of the inner loop converges in finite time, and the outer loop trajectory tracking error is asymptotically stable. Theoretical results are substantiated by a numerical example, where the closed‐loop system is capable of tracking a circular curve.
Research on the speed‐dependence of heat convection in high‐speed EV motors and its application in the model‐based rotor temperature monitoring technology
Authors: Dong Tenghui , Nakamura Taketsune 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing the embedded onboard digital thermal model is an economical and effective way to monitor the rotor temperatures of the electric vehicle (EV) propulsion Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in real‐time. The onboard thermal model is generally in an analytical form with constant thermal resistances. However, in practical situations, the thermal convection intensities on the surfaces of the air gap and the end‐cavity vary significantly with the rotational speed, producing a non‐negligible influence on the estimation accuracy of the onboard thermal model. Aiming at eliminating this error and improving the accuracy, this paper explores the variation of the airflow's aerodynamics characteristics and the heat convection with the rotational speed through a syncretic study of theoretical, experimental, and numerical methods. It is found that the changing trend of the airflow presents a multi‐stage characteristic in the speed range of 0–12,000 rpm. The speed‐dependent convective thermal resistances are formulaically parameterised and then used to replace the related constant thermal resistances in the thermal model. The standard vehicle driving cycle test result shows that this optimisation brings a nearly 11% reduction of the overall estimation error.
Hierarchical management strategy for electric vehicles charging schedule considering the scarcity of charging resources
Authors: Zhu Xu , Sun Yuanzhang , Yang Jun , Zhan Xiangpeng , Wu Fuzhang , Fan Hui , Liang Jifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharging resources are scarce due to the limited capacity of charging stations and the congestion of distribution networks. Here, a hierarchical scheduling framework that considers the privacy of participants is established to optimize the charging power with a fair payment mechanism. The charging resource allocation model is established considering the scarcity of charging resources. Furthermore, the model is divided into three sub problems, including the congestion management problem of distribution network operator, the energy management problem of charging station and the charging mode problem of electric vehicle. Then the collaborative optimization algorithms are proposed to ensure the privacy of participants. Finally, a hierarchical payment mechanism based on the opportunity cost theory is proposed. The performance of the proposed hierarchical scheduling framework is evaluated using the Roy Billiton Test System with 2000 EVs. On the premise of ensuring distribution network economic operation, the proposed hierarchical scheduling strategy can satisfy the requirement for privacy protection and eliminate the overload problem caused by electric vehicle charging. The simulation results have shown that the additional capacity cost has an obvious levelling effect. With the application of the payment mechanism, charging resources is equitably allocated. Also, the equilibrium of a market and the stable operation of power system can be guaranteed.
A simple cavity method which increases bandwidth of cylindrical dipole antennas to almost 100%
Authors: Sahraei Amir , Aliakbarian Hadi , Yazdani Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA broadband dipole antenna and an integrated cavity section responsible for increasing bandwidth are introduced, designed, and successfully fabricated. This simple and highly effective cavity is added at the dipoles input, where the concentric coaxial feed line becomes its inner conductor, and the dipoles cylinder becomes its outer conductor. This coaxial‐fed dipole antenna could be easily fabricated due to its simple mechanical structure. A version of this type of dipole antenna, with a total length of less than 38 cm (0.44λ) and a radius of about 5 cm, is designed once symmetrically and once with an asymmetrical down‐tilted radiation pattern. The new proposed cavity part can increase the antenna's bandwidth up to 100%, which is highly superior compared to conventional counterparts. Furthermore, the antenna's radiation pattern is stable throughout the bandwidth. The minimum realized gain at the solid angle of θ (for instance, θ between 90 and 120°) is perfectly above zero within the frequency range. The antenna measurement results are in acceptable agreement with the simulations.
Digital signature technique with quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Kundu Arpita , Debnath Bikash , Chandra Das Jadav , De Debashis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantum‐dot cellular automaton (QCA) is efficient nanotechnology that may be used as an alternative to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology. Here, computation relies upon the electron's polarisation, revealing binary information. Quantum‐dot cellular automaton is an appropriate opportunity for the upcoming age of advanced digital frameworks. Security in transferring data is essential since a lot of valuable information is present. Digital Signature is a process where data is transferred from a receiver to an authenticated sender only. In this paper, tile‐based Exclusive NOR gate (XNOR) is designed, which is more stable than the regular majority gate‐based circuit. It is used to create a novel circuit for authentication of data which is based on tiles. It develops a QCA architecture that works on the principle of Digital Signature. The architecture validates and proves the authentication of the message sent from the sender to the receiver. The decrypted digest and the converted digest of the original dispatch are compared in the proposed Digital Validator circuit, which is developed utilising a QCA XNOR gate. The security for communication at the nanoscale level is enhanced due to the use of the SHA‐256 algorithm. The simulation results confirm the theoretical results.
Clutter suppression based on iterative reweighted methods with multiple measurement vectors for airborne radar
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Tong , Zhang Shuguang , Ren Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSparse recovery algorithms have been applied to the Space‐time adaptive processing for reducing the requirement of samples over the past 15 years. However, many Sparse recovery algorithms are not robust and need accurate user parameters. Conventional sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithms are insensitivity to user parameters but converge slowly. To remedy the limitation, two iterative reweighted algorithms are proposed based on SBL. In order to minimise the SBL penalty function, we construct its upper‐bounding surrogate function via the concave conjugate function and apply iterative reweighted algorithms to minimise the surrogate function. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments all exhibit great performance of the proposed algorithms.
Error modelling method of extended Kalman filter‐based terrain referenced navigation system for integrity assurance under nominal conditions
Authors: Park Haerhee , Lee Jinsil , Lee Jiyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNavigation safety is further emphasised for terrain referenced navigation (TRN) systems used in middle‐range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) than those in cruise missiles flying through mountainous areas, because middle‐range UAVs may fly to regions and cities containing both combatants and civilians. For safety assurance of TRN systems, this paper proposes a method to compute protection levels (PLs) to assure the required level of integrity under nominal conditions. For obtaining PLs of TRN systems, all the components of the TRN measurement errors should be identified and overbounded. This study models every error component: the radar altimeter error, the vertical error in the terrain elevation database, the lateral offset induced error, and the interpolation error. Based on the characteristics of TRN systems using terrain information for obtaining navigation solutions, this study developed new models for the lateral offset induced error and the interpolation error as a function of terrain roughness by examining the effect of terrain roughness on the error sources. The simulation results demonstrate that the latitude and longitude PLs obtained by applying the proposed models can sufficiently overbound the navigation solution error for TRN systems under nominal conditions; especially the proposed method shows remarkable performance in regions with low terrain roughness.