bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral NOD-like receptor deficient inflammatory macrophages trigger neutrophil infiltration into the brain disrupting daytime locomotion
Authors: Kwon Victoria , Cai Peiwen , Dixon Cameron T. , Hamlin Victoria , Spencer Caroline G. , Rojas Alison M. , Hamilton Matthew , Shiau Celia E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInflammation is known to disrupt normal behavior, yet the underlying neuroimmune interactions remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether inappropriate macrophage-evoked inflammation alters CNS control of daily-life animal locomotion using a set of zebrafish mutants selected for specific macrophage dysfunction and microglia deficiency. Large-scale genetic and computational analyses revealed that NOD-like receptor nlrc3l mutants are capable of normal motility and visuomotor response, but preferentially swim less in the daytime, suggesting possible low motivation rather than physical impairment. Examining their brain activities and structures implicates impaired dopaminergic descending circuits, where neutrophils abnormally infiltrate. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion recovered daytime locomotion. Restoring wild-type macrophages reversed behavioral and neutrophil aberrations, while three other microglia-lacking mutants failed to phenocopy nlrc3l mutants. Overall, we reveal how peripheral inflammatory macrophages with elevated pro-inflammatory cues (including il1β, tnfα, cxcl8a) in the absence of microglia co-opt neutrophils to infiltrate the brain, thereby potentially enabling local circuitry modulation affecting daytime locomotion.
Surface acoustic wave coupling between micromechanical resonators
Authors: Kähler Hendrik , Platz Daniel , Schmid Silvan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe coupling of micro- or nanomechanical resonators via a shared substrate is intensively exploited to built systems for fundamental studies and practical applications. So far, the focus has been on devices operating in the kHz regime with a spring-like coupling. At resonance frequencies above several 10 MHz, wave propagation in the solid substrate becomes relevant. The resonators act as sources for surface acoustic waves (SAWs), and it is unknown how this affects the coupling between them. Here, we present a model for MHz frequency resonators interacting by SAWs, which agrees well with finite element method simulations and recent experiments of coupled micro-pillars. In contrast to the well-known strain-induced spring-like coupling, the coupling via SAWs is not only dispersive but also dissipative. This can be exploited to realize high quality phonon cavities, an alternative to acoustic radiation shielding by, e.g. phononic crystals.
Friction in clay-bearing faults increases with the ionic radius of interlayer cations
Authors: Sakuma Hiroshi , Lockner David A. , Solum John , Davatzes Nicholas C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmectite can dramatically reduce the strength of crustal faults and may cause creep on natural faults without great earthquakes; however, the frictional mechanism remains unexplained. Here, our shear experiments reveal systematic increase in shear strength with the increase of the ionic radius of interlayer cations among lithium-, sodium-, potassium-, rubidium-, and cesium-montmorillonites, a smectite commonly found in faults. Using density-functional-theory calculations, we find that relatively small sodium ions fit in the ditrigonal cavities on the montmorillonite surfaces, resulting in weakening of interlayer repulsion during sliding. On the other hand, relatively large potassium ions do not fit in the ditrigonal cavities, resulting in a larger resistance to sliding due to electrostatic repulsion between potassium ions. Calculated shear strength is consistent with our shear experiments by considering the partial dehydration of the frictional contact area. These results provide the basis for developing a quantitative model of smectite-bearing fault rheology.
Pseudodynamic analysis of heart tube formation in the mouse reveals strong regional variability and early left–right asymmetry
Authors: Esteban Isaac , Schmidt Patrick , Desgrange Audrey , Raiola Morena , Temiño Susana , Meilhac Sigolène M. , Kobbelt Leif , Torres Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding organ morphogenesis requires a precise geometrical description of the tissues involved in the process. The high morphological variability in mammalian embryos hinders the quantitative analysis of organogenesis. In particular, the study of early heart development in mammals remains a challenging problem due to imaging limitations and complexity. Here, we provide a complete morphological description of mammalian heart tube formation based on detailed imaging of a temporally dense collection of mouse embryonic hearts. We develop strategies for morphometric staging and quantification of local morphological variations between specimens. We identify hot spots of regionalized variability and identify Nodal-controlled left–right asymmetry of the inflow tracts as the earliest signs of organ left–right asymmetry in the mammalian embryo. Finally, we generate a three-dimensional+t digital model that allows co-representation of data from different sources and provides a framework for the computer modeling of heart tube formation
Anti-adipogenic Effects of Sulforaphane-rich Ingredient with Broccoli Sprout and Mustard Seed in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes
Authors: Men Xiao , Han Xionggao , Lee Se-Jeong , Park Keun-Tae , Han Jong-Kwon , Choi Sun-Il , Lee Ok-Hwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlucoraphanin (GRA) is a precursor of sulforaphane (SFN), which can be synthesized by the enzyme myrosinase. In this study, we developed and validated HPLC analytical methods for the
determination of GRA and SFN in mustard seed powder (MSP), broccoli sprout powder (BSP), and the MSP-BSP mixture powder (MBP), and evaluated their anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1
adipocytes. We found that the analysis methods were suitable for the determination of GRA and SFN in MSP, BSP, and MBP. The content of GRA in BSP was 131.11 ± 1.84 µmol/g, and the content of
SFN in MBP was 162.29 ± 1.24 µmol/g. In addition, BSP and MBP effectively decreased lipid accumulation content without any cytotoxicity. Both BSP and MBP significantly inhibited the
expression of adipogenic proteins and increased the expression of proteins related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism. BSP and MBP inhibited the expression of adipocyte protein 2 (aP2),
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and inhibited the expression of fatty
acid synthase (FAS) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, BSP and MBP also increased the expression of the lipolysis-related proteins, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and
carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Moreover, MBP exerted anti-adipogenic to a greater extent than BSP in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Neurology
Authors: Hillis James M. , Bizzo Bernardo C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is already innovating in the provision of neurologic care. This review explores key artificial intelligence concepts; their application to neurologic diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment; and challenges that await their broader adoption. The development of new diagnostic biomarkers, individualization of prognostic information, and improved access to treatment are among the plethora of possibilities. These advances, however, reflect only the tip of the iceberg for the ways in which artificial intelligence may transform neurologic care in the future.
Teleneurology and Health Disparities
Authors: Saadi Altaf , Mendizabal Adys , Mejia Nicte I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe disparate access to, and use of, telemedicine reflects those of in-person health. These disparities are perpetuated as a result of individual, social, and structural factors like low digital literacy, unequal availability of broadband services, and systemic racism. This review focuses on extant literature on disparities in teleneurology, including racial or ethnic disparities, language inequities, and the global context. Understanding social and structural barriers to equitable access to quality teleneurology is critical to addressing and preventing health disparities, ensuring effective and equitable neurological care for all patients.
Undisciplining the university through shared purpose, practice, and place
Authors: Freiband Andrew , Dickin Katherine L. , Glass Mitchell , Gore Michael A. , Hinestroza Juan , Nelson Rebecca , Platt Verity , Rooks Noliwe , Sachs Aaron , Stern Nathaniel , Lehmann Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterdisciplinary scholarship and education remains elusive at modern universities, despite efforts at both the individual and institutional levels. The objective of this paper is to identify the main motivations that bring different disciplines together in joint research and identify some of the obstacles to that coming together. Here we propose that shared purpose (why do I participate?), practice (how do we interact?), and place (where do we interact?) are, in descending order, the most important drivers for what we call “undisciplinary” research in an interaction of different disciplines. Through unstructured workshops we found the choice of participants (who participates?), aspects of time (when do we interact?), and especially the research topics and focus (what are we working on?), to be less important for individual faculty engagement. Metaphor analysis obtained during a charrette-style workshop with 13 faculty from multiple disciplines suggested “inter-epistemological ways of knowing” rather than fields of study to move us from disciplinary to interdisciplinary to undisciplinary scholarship and education. Specifically, the broad intent (why do we participate?) was found to increase the impact of undisciplinary approaches that served as drivers for engagement. These lessons learned from a series of workshops were put to the test at an experimental center that clarified the importance of both synchronous and asynchronous interactions in a common space large enough to allow these and located outside the university. Despite the valuable insights gained in what undisciplinary interaction may look like in a center, it remained clear that space design must start by mapping out why and how individuals in different disciplines may want to interact at a given institution to generate buy-in and build the foundation for continuous refinement of an institutional strategy.
Anisotropic electron and lattice dynamics in excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5
Authors: Chu Lingqiao , Zhang Kai , Yang Jin , Jiang Huachao , Wang Zhenyou , Su Fuhai 
Published: May 2022

We employ polarization-resolved femtosecond optical pump–probe spectroscopy to investigate the nonequilibrium photocarrier dynamics in excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5. The electronic dynamics, including hot carrier cooling, exciton formation, and recombination in the timescale ranging from subpicoseconds to a few tens of picoseconds, have been established from the transient reflectivity spectra, showing strong in-plane anisotropy with respect to the probe polarization. Such anisotropic photocarrier dynamics possibly arise from the crystalline orientation dependence of the excitonic polarizability. Furthermore, we find that the amplitude of coherent phonons with a frequency of 1 THz is subject to the probe polarization, whereas it is not sensitive to the pump polarization. This substantiates that the displacive excitation of coherent phonons plays a decisive role in lattice dynamics. In addition, we find that the photo-induced dielectric screening tends to suppress the amplitude of coherent phonons with increasing pump fluence, manifesting a remarkable polarization dependence. Our work provides valuable insights into the excitonic dynamics and the origin of coherent phonon generation and also may contribute to the development of polarization-sensitive photoelectric devices based on Ta2NiSe5.
Contribution of both bulk and surface states on photothermoelectric transport in epitaxial Bi2Se3 thin films
Authors: Ghimire Mohan Kumar , Kim Donguk , Park Yun Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Probing the surface states in Bi2Se3 via electronic transport measurements is difficult due to the significantly larger numbers of bulk carriers. Herein, we report the contribution of both bulk and surface states on the measured photocurrent at room temperature and the electrical transport measurements at low temperatures in an epitaxial thin film of intrinsic Bi2Se3 capped with a high K dielectric, Al2O3. The measured photocurrent continuously increases when the gate voltage is swept toward the negative side from 10 to −10 V, indicating the movement of the Fermi level below the conduction band edge. Moreover, the contribution of the surface state conduction increases when the Fermi level moves inside the bandgap toward the Dirac point. Furthermore, the measured Seebeck coefficient (S) continuously increases with sweeping gate voltage from 10 to −10 V. Similar correlations of the photocurrent and S value with the gate voltage illustrate the contribution of the photothermoelectric effect due to the conduction of both bulk and surface states. Additionally, the ambipolar charge transport was observed in the electrical measurement at 32 K for the four-probe configuration. The ambipolar charge transport is possibly indicative of surface state transport.
Differentiated transmittance of vortex beams in helical polymer media
Authors: Liu Junhui , Huang Mingju 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Light beam with helical wavefront, also called optical vortex, carries quantized orbital angular momentum, and as such have many potential photonic applications. In this study, the interaction of a fluorene-based helical polymer thin film with vortex beams was studied. The helicity of the polymeric strands was greatly enhanced by thermal annealing. A liquid crystal phase plate was used to convert TEM00 laser beams into a helical wavefront beam with a phase singularity at its axis. A relatively high absorption dissymmetry was observed in a longer wavelength range, compared with the linear optical absorption of the annealed film sample. The left- and right-handed vortices had different transmittances. The absorption asymmetry of the annealed fluorene film in the case of vortex beams is mainly attributed to quadrupole interactions.
Magnetotransport in graphene nanoribbons sandwiched by superconductors at side edges
Authors: Takagaki Y 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetotransport properties of the graphene nanoribbons (GNR) that are in contact with superconductors at side edges are investigated numerically with respect to oscillations caused by the cyclotron motion. In terms of the modelling, the superconductors are incorporated as superconducting GNRs to make the Andreev reflection at the graphene-superconductor interface almost perfect. The classical commensurability oscillation appears at low magnetic fields where the cyclotron radius is larger than the width of the nanoribbons. A transition to the circumstance dominated by the quantum interference between Andreev- and normal-reflected components takes place when the Andreev reflection probability is reduced by introducing a barrier at the interface. The near perfection of the Andreev reflection enlarges the period of the oscillation associated with skipping orbits a few orders of magnitude in the quantum limit. Chaotic fluctuations emerge furthermore in the regime of Hofstadter’s butterfly. The periodicity of a transmission modulation at the onset of the chaos is revealed to change continuously over eight orders of magnitude of the magnetic-field variation. The commensurability and edge-state oscillations are examined additionally for the situations with specular Andreev reflection.
High-performance gold/graphene/germanium photodetector based on a graphene-on-germanium wafer
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Li Bo , Wei Yuning , Feng Shun , Di Zengfeng , Xue Zhongying , Sun Dongming , Liu Chi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The metal/germanium (Ge) photodetectors have attracted much attention for their potential applications in on-chip optoelectronics. One critical issue is the relatively large dark current due to the limited Schottky potential barrier height of the metal/germanium junction, which is mainly caused by the small bandgap of Ge and the Fermi energy level pinning effect between the metal and Ge. The main technique to solve this problem is to insert a thin interlayer between the metal and Ge. However, so far, the dark current of the photodetectors is still large when using a bulk-material insertion layer, while when using a two-dimensional insertion layer, the area of the insertion layer is too small to support a mass production. Here, we report a gold/graphene/germanium photodetector with a wafer-scale graphene insertion layer using a 4 inch graphene-on-germanium wafer. The insertion layer significantly increases the potential barrier height, leading to a dark current as low as 1.6 mA cm−2, and a responsivity of 1.82 A W−1 which are the best results for metal/Ge photodetectors reported so far. Our work contributes to the mass production of high-performance metal/Ge photodetectors.
Predictable infrared dual-band narrow-band absorber for infrared detection
Authors: Cui Guicheng , Lv Jizu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dual-band infrared absorbers have received a great deal of attention for their potential applications in the field of sensing and detection. In this paper, we proposed a composite model consisting of Platinum nano-cylinder and micro-ring column stacked on top of Si3N4 and Platinum films. The effect of geometrical parameters on spectral absorption was explored by finite difference in time domain methods, and the results revealed that there were narrow perfect absorption peaks in each of the two atmospheric window bands due to the magnetic polaritons. Meanwhile, the quantitative relationship of resonance wavelength and geometrical parameters were predicted by LC equivalent circuits. In addition, graphene was added to the structure to dynamically adjust the resonance wavelength by varying the Fermi level. The combination of graphene and microstructure achieved full coverage detection of wavelengths in the atmospheric window range. This dual-band absorber has potential applications in infrared detection because of its good absorption properties and its tunability.
Nonlinear functional relation covering near- and far-marginal stability in ion temperature gradient driven turbulence
Authors: Nakayama T , Nakata M , Honda M , Nunami M , Matsuoka S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A novel nonlinear functional relation of turbulence potential intensity, zonal flow potential intensity, and ion thermal diffusivity that accurately reproduces nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of toroidal ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence is proposed. Applying mathematical optimization techniques to find extremal solutions in high-dimensional parameter space, the optimal regression parameters in the functional form are determined to be valid for both near- and far-marginal regime of the ITG stability including the Dimits-shift. Then, the regression error of ∼5% is accomplished. In addition, it is clarified that the intensity ratio of the zonal flow and turbulence potential intensity is a crucial factor to determine the reproduction accuracy.
Fabrication of anisotropic collagen-based substrates for potential use in tissue engineering
Authors: Tognato Riccardo , Bonfrate Valentina , Giancane Gabriele , Serra Tiziano 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have the prospective to enable the fabrication of new extracellular matrix-like substrates with unique structures and cell-instructive capabilities. The development of biocompatible collagen substrates with on-demand ordered architectures is an open challenge since it is well-known that the directionality of the collagen fibres affects important cell behaviour, such as proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately, tissue regeneration. Here, an easy and cheap approach to fabricate anisotropic collagen-based substrates exhibiting cells-instructing ability was proposed. Paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IOPs) coated with polyethylene glycol were synthetized by a coprecipitation and solvothermic method and mixed with a collagen precursors solution. The suspension was then immersed within a static and low-intensity magnetic field to trigger the IOPs self-assembly. Guided by the external stimulus, IOPs assembled along the magnetic field lines into long filamentous structures within the collagen matrix. The solidification of the pre-cursors solution in the presence of filamentous IOPs’ structures promotes the collagen organization into ordered fashions. The obtained collagen substrate demonstrated good cytocompatibility and cells’ instructive properties.
Explainable natural language processing with matrix product states
Authors: Tangpanitanon Jirawat , Mangkang Chanatip , Bhadola Pradeep , Minato Yuichiro , Angelakis Dimitris G , Chotibut Thiparat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite empirical successes of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in natural language processing (NLP), theoretical understanding of RNNs is still limited due to intrinsically complex non-linear computations. We systematically analyze RNNs’ behaviors in a ubiquitous NLP task, the sentiment analysis of movie reviews, via the mapping between a class of RNNs called recurrent arithmetic circuits (RACs) and a matrix product state. Using the von-Neumann entanglement entropy (EE) as a proxy for information propagation, we show that single-layer RACs possess a maximum information propagation capacity, reflected by the saturation of the EE. Enlarging the bond dimension beyond the EE saturation threshold does not increase model prediction accuracies, so a minimal model that best estimates the data statistics can be inferred. Although the saturated EE is smaller than the maximum EE allowed by the area law, our minimal model still achieves

∼
99
%

training accuracies in realistic sentiment analysis data sets. Thus, low EE is not a warrant against the adoption of single-layer RACs for NLP. Contrary to a common belief that long-range information propagation is the main source of RNNs’ successes, we show that single-layer RACs harness high expressiveness from the subtle interplay between the information propagation and the word vector embeddings. Our work sheds light on the phenomenology of learning in RACs, and more generally on the explainability of RNNs for NLP, using tools from many-body quantum physics.
Resolving spin currents and spin densities generated by charge-spin interconversion in systems with reduced crystal symmetry
Authors: Camosi Lorenzo , Světlík Josef , Costache Marius V , Savero Torres Williams , Fernández Aguirre Iván , Marinova Vera , Dimitrov Dimitre , Gospodinov Marin , Sierra Juan F , Valenzuela Sergio O 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability to control the generation of spins in arbitrary directions is a long-sought goal in spintronics. Charge to spin interconversion (CSI) phenomena depend strongly on symmetry. Systems with reduced crystal symmetry allow anisotropic CSI with unconventional components, where charge and spin currents and the spin polarization are not mutually perpendicular to each other. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that the CSI in graphene-WTe2induces spins with components in all three spatial directions. By performing multi-terminal nonlocal spin precession experiments, with specific magnetic fields orientations, we discuss how to disentangle the CSI from the spin Hall and inverse spin galvanic effects.