bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of caffeine consumption on attention performance in female students at the faculty of health sciences
Authors: Kenger Emre Batuhan , Ozlu Tugce , Agopyan Ani , Ergun Can , Uslu Aysenur , Dinsel Berfin , Disli Dilhan , Akdeniz Nezihe 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
There are limited studies on the effects of coffee consumption, which has become part of popular culture and is highly common among young people, on the attention levels of female university students. This paper aims to examine the effects of caffeine consumption given at different doses (0, 100 and 200 mg) to female university students (n = 100) studying at the faculty of health sciences on attention performance with the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT).

Design/methodology/approach
Participants' test completion time, number of errors and corrections were tested. In addition, the frequencies of weekly coffee consumption were also recorded.

Findings
It was found that consumption of coffee containing 200 mg of caffeine reduced the time to complete the sections of the SCWT test (p < 0.05), as well as the total test completion time (55.81 ± 8.67 s) compared to no coffee consumption (58.25 ± 9.46 s) and coffee consumption with 100-mg caffeine (57.56 ± 8.87 s) (p < 0.05; effect size: 0.268). The effect of caffeine on attention level was induced by 200-mg caffeine consumption, but was unapparent at 100-mg dose. In addition, SCWT completion times were reduced in the student group with more weekly coffee consumption (=3 cups/week) at 200-mg caffeine dose.

Originality/value
In this context, caffeine dose is a factor that should be taken into account in determining the performance of individuals in the SCWT test. It is thought that coffee consumption can increase the concentration of students and have positive effects on academic achievement.
Unaccusative verbs in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Alonini Thana Mahmood 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to analyze the unaccusative verb in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) within the framework of MP in order to answer the research question: How does the single argument of an unaccusative verb, that carries the theme theta role and is generated in the object position, receive a nominative case without moving to the [Spec, vP], which is the base subject position?Design/methodology/approachThe analysis in the paper was based on the framework of Minimalist Program (MP) which was proposed by Chomsky (2000). MP concerns economy, simplicity and efficiency in the connection between sound and meaning. Essentially, Chomsky (2000) proposes that faculty of language (FL) contains a computational system that interfaces with external systems, sensorimotor systems and systems of thought. The computational system is based on three operations. The first operation is merge, which combines two syntactic objects to form a new one. It is presented in binary branches that project a hierarchical level. The second operation is agree which establishes syntactic relation for case assignment and agreement. The final operation is move, which composes merge and agree.FindingsThe analysis demonstrated that the sole argument of an accusative verb receives the nominative case in situ. This is due to Locality of Matching in which the agreement holds between the [nom] case on T and NP in internal argument of VP. This is because there is no intervening NP between T and the sole argument in internal argument of VP, which is a base object position.Originality/valueThis research shows that the single argument of the unaccusative verb receives the nominative case in situ. This analysis observes the economic considerations of MP as well as respects the UTAH hypothesis, which rules out the structures where the theme asymmetrically appears as a specifier or a complement.
The potential and applicability of infrared spectroscopic methods for the rapid screening and routine analysis of mycotoxins in food crops
Authors: Freitag Stephan , Sulyok Michael , Logan Natasha , Elliott Christopher T. , Krska Rudolf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfrared (IR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to analyze food crops for quality and safety purposes in a rapid, nondestructive, and eco‐friendly manner. The lack of sensitivity and the overlapping absorption characteristics of major sample matrix components, however, often prevent the direct determination of food contaminants at trace levels. By measuring fungal‐induced matrix changes with near IR and mid IR spectroscopy as well as hyperspectral imaging, the indirect determination of mycotoxins in food crops has been realized. Recent studies underline that such IR spectroscopic platforms have great potential for the rapid analysis of mycotoxins along the food and feed supply chain. However, there are no published reports on the validation of IR methods according to official regulations, and those publications that demonstrate their applicability in a routine analytical set‐up are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the current state‐of‐the‐art and the potential of IR spectroscopic methods for the rapid determination of mycotoxins in food crops. The study critically reflects on the applicability and limitations of IR spectroscopy in routine analysis and provides guidance to non‐spectroscopists from the food and feed sector considering implementation of IR spectroscopy for rapid mycotoxin screening. Finally, an outlook on trends, possible fields of applications, and different ways of implementation in the food and feed safety area are discussed.
Effects of soil humidity on respiration and frost resistance during winter diapause in the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea
Authors: Musiolek David , Holuša Jaroslav , Pyszko Petr , Schopf Axel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Panolis flammea is an important pest whose populations intermittently outbreak in Europe. The species overwinters as pharate moths in the pupal stage in soil.
Details on the metabolic activity and cold hardiness of P. flammea during the overwintering period have not been published. Therefore, we assessed O2 consumption and the supercooling point (SCP) of P. flammea in late November, mid‐February, and mid‐March and the influence of soil humidity under fluctuating temperatures and with brief exposures to two increased temperature regimes (10 and 20°C).
The respiration pattern indicated diapause termination in mid‐February. A threshold of 0.169 μl O2 h−1 mg−1 fresh weight indicated potentially activated pre‐emerging moths. Drought increased respiration rates.
The SCP was lowest in mid‐February (−22.2°C) and was negatively correlated with pupal mass. The frost tolerance tended to increase with low substrate humidity, especially at the end of the overwintering period.
Our results indicate that P. flammea requires more energy during dry and mild winters than in wet and cold winters. Winter diapause termination and post‐diapause development may therefore be accelerated as environmental warming and drought increase.
The effect of paternal and maternal factors on the prognosis of live birth in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Peuranpää Pirkko‐Liisa , Gissler Mika , Peltopuro Paula , Tiitinen Aila , Hautamäki Hanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) examinations focus on the woman, although paternal factors are also involved. Men in couples with RPL have higher sperm DNA fragmentation levels than fertile men, but the effect of sperm DNA damage on couple's later prognosis is unknown. Advanced maternal age and obesity are associated with RPL, but paternal lifestyle factors are less studied. Therefore, we aimed to study the associations of couples' lifestyle factors, causes of RPL, and sperm DNA fragmentation with their prognosis of future live birth.Material and methodsThis descriptive cohort study comprised 506 couples investigated for RPL at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between 2007 and 2016, linked with national health and population registers. The primary outcome was couple's live birth after RPL investigations. Data on couple's background factors, including age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol use, were collected from medical records. Sperm DNA fragmentation index was analyzed from 211 men using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. The associations between background factors, sperm DNA fragmentation, and cumulative probability of live birth over time were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and age‐adjusted Cox regression.ResultsIn all, 352 of 506 couples (69.6%) achieved live birth. Maternal age, unexplained RPL, prolonged pregnancy attempts before investigations, paternal obesity, and maternal smoking were associated with prognosis: unadjusted hazard ratio for couple's live birth for women aged 35–39 vs younger than 30 years was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.84), and for 40 years or older was 0.36 (95% CI 0.22–0.58). Age‐adjusted hazard ratio for unexplained vs explained RPL was 1.39 (95% CI 1.12–1.72), for couple's pregnancy attempt at least 4 years vs less than 2 years was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33–0.76), for paternal body mass index at least 30 kg/m2 vs less than 25 kg/m2 was 0.67 (95% CI 0.46–0.98), and for maternal smoking was 0.71 (95% CI 0.51–0.99). Altogether, 96/135 (71.1%) couples with normal (<15%), 38/60 (63.3%) with intermediate (15–30%), and 11/16 (68.8%) with high sperm DNA fragmentation index achieved live birth (p = 0.56).ConclusionsIn couples with RPL, prolonged pregnancy attempts, a cause found in RPL examinations, lifestyle factors, and maternal age are negatively associated with their prognosis of future live birth. Sperm DNA fragmentation was not associated, but the number of men with damaged spermatozoa was small. We suggest that clinicians include women and men in RPL counseling because couple's joint lifestyle seems to determine their later prognosis.
Effect of oral zoledronate administration on bone turnover in older women
Authors: Reid Ian R. , Wen Jingyuan , Mellar Anna , Liu Mengyang , Jabr Amani , Horne Anne M. 
Published: October 2022

AimThe aim of this work is to assess the safety and efficacy of two oral zoledronate preparations by determining their effects on bone resorption in healthy postmenopausal women.MethodsThe preparations studied were zoledronic acid in enteric‐coated capsules or a microparticle preparation of zoledronic acid in these capsules. Bone resorption was measured as β‐C‐telopeptideof type I collagen (CTX) in fasting serum. Separate cohorts, each of five women, were recruited and allocated in sequence to single doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, or 60 mg of oral zoledronate.ResultsZoledronate 20 mg enteric capsules were well tolerated, reduced serum CTX by a median 51% at 1 week, but by only 17% at 1 month. Doses of 40 or 60 mg of this preparation produced APR and/or gastrointestinal symptoms in more than half of participants. With these doses, median CTX reduction at 1 week was >80%, ~70% at 1 month, but only ~30% at 6 months. Enteric capsules containing microparticles of zoledronate 20 mg reduced CTX by a median 53% at 1 week, with offset over 3 months. Two or three of these capsules dosed weekly reduced CTX by ~50% at 1 month, and by ~30% at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionsOral zoledronate 20 mg circumvents the problem of APR symptoms but, even with multiple doses, the anti‐resorptive effect is smaller and less sustained than with intravenous zoledronate. Probably a viable oral regimen of zoledronate dosing at intervals of weeks to months could be developed, but the advantage of infrequent dosing would be lost.
Christy Brown's ‘My Left Foot’: An insider's insights into growing up with cerebral palsy
Authors: Rosenbaum Peter L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImportanceThe field of childhood disability has undergone a sea‐change in the past two decades. Remarkably, 70 years ago, the ideas now taking root were expressed with poignant clarity by Ireland's Christy Brown, providing lessons that were there to be learned, illustrating why ‘My Left Foot’ remains a singular contribution to the literature about child development and disability.Objective of this essayThe World Health Organization's 2001 reconsideration of ‘disability’ (the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health or ICF) has spawned considerable uptake and adaptation of contemporary concepts, notably with the ‘F‐Words for Childhood Disability’ (now the ‘F‐words for Child Development’). Published in 1954, Christy Brown's ground‐breaking poetic autobiography ‘My Left Foot’ resonates today with messages that bring the ICF to life vividly and memorably.ReviewThe author, a developmental paediatrician, has refracted the themes of ‘My Left Foot’ through an ICF lens to illustrate that concepts now considered modern have long been in plain sight, but sadly ignored. Christy Brown's first‐person narrative animates ideas and messages for all who work in the field of childhood disability.FindingsThis essay is a personal reflection that draws together both contemporary 21st century concepts and ideas from the time that Christy Brown was a young author reporting his perspectives and perceptions on living with ‘disability’.Conclusions and RelevanceThe lessons Christy Brown generously shared 70 years ago should be heeded today. In the context of modern thinking and action regarding ‘childhood disability’, we need an approach to all we do that sees and respects children with ‘disabilities’ as whole people, that situates them in the context of family and community, that identifies and promotes their strengths and aspirations within both the health professional community and the community at large and enables them to ‘become’ and to ‘belong’.
Serum neurofilament‐light and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in hydroxychloroquine‐treated primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Camara‐Lemarroy Carlos , Silva Claudia , Gohill Jit , Yong V. Wee , Koch Marcus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent trial, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment reduced the expected rate of disability worsening at 18 months in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are emerging biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.MethodsWe measured NfL and GFAP levels in serum samples from 39 patients with inactive PPMS included in a phase II clinical trial of HCQ treatment in PPMS at multiple time points over 18 months, and investigated the association of these biomarkers with clinical disability at screening and during follow‐up. Screening and 12‐month retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was also recorded and analyzed.ResultsNfL and GFAP levels increased over time, but only significantly from screening to month 6. NfL and GFAP levels did not significantly increase from month 6 up to month 18. At screening, NfL and GFAP levels did not correlate with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and GFAP but not NfL modestly correlated with Timed 25‐Foot Walk test (T25FW). Screening NfL and GFAP levels did not predict disability worsening (≥20% worsening on the T25FW) at month 18. RNFL thickness decreased significantly from screening to month 12 and independently predicted disability worsening.ConclusionsIn this cohort of people with inactive PPMS, HCQ treatment attenuated the increase of NfL and GFAP after 6 months of treatment and up to 18 months of follow‐up, suggesting a treatment effect of HCQ over these biomarkers. RNFL thickness, a marker of neuroaxonal atrophy, was associated with disability worsening, and should be explored further as a prognostic marker in this population.
Lower hypothalamic volume with lower body mass index is associated with shorter survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chang Jeryn , Shaw Thomas B. , Holdom Cory J. , McCombe Pamela A. , Henderson Robert D. , Fripp Jurgen , Barth Markus , Guo Christine C. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Steyn Frederik J. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWeight loss in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with faster disease progression and shorter survival. Decreased hypothalamic volume is proposed to contribute to weight loss due to loss of appetite and/or hypermetabolism. We aimed to investigate the relationship between hypothalamic volume and body mass index (BMI) in ALS and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the associations of hypothalamic volume with weight loss, appetite, metabolism and survival in patients with ALS.MethodsWe compared hypothalamic volumes from magnetic resonance imaging scans with BMI for patients with ALS (n = 42), patients with AD (n = 167) and non‐neurodegenerative disease controls (n = 527). Hypothalamic volumes from patients with ALS were correlated with measures of appetite and metabolism, and change in anthropomorphic measures and disease outcomes.ResultsLower hypothalamic volume was associated with lower and higher BMI in ALS (quadratic association; probability of direction = 0.96). This was not observed in AD patients or controls. Hypothalamic volume was not associated with loss of appetite (p = 0.58) or hypermetabolism (p = 0.49). Patients with lower BMI and lower hypothalamic volume tended to lose weight (p = 0.08) and fat mass (p = 0.06) over the course of their disease, and presented with an increased risk of earlier death (hazard ratio [HR] 3.16, p = 0.03). Lower hypothalamic volume alone trended for greater risk of earlier death (HR 2.61, p = 0.07).ConclusionThese observations suggest that lower hypothalamic volume in ALS contributes to positive and negative energy balance, and is not universally associated with loss of appetite or hypermetabolism. Critically, lower hypothalamic volume with lower BMI was associated with weight loss and earlier death.
Equine shock wave therapy ‐ where are we now?
Authors: Johnson Sherry A. , Richards Roderick B. , Frisbie David D. , Esselman Angie M. , McClure Scott R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the past three decades, electrohydraulic extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) as a treatment modality for equine orthopaedic disorders has sparked exponential interest among practitioners, but its clinical applications are quickly evolving and a current review highlighting modernised equine clinical use is lacking. The objective of this review is to summarise the most current ESWT technology, evidence for its use, proposed mechanisms of action and clinical applications in horses while also highlighting the areas requiring further investigation. The three ways to generate a shock wave are through electrohydraulic, electromagnetic or piezoelectric mechanisms, but over the last decade, electrohydraulic systems have predominated due to the ability to focus and control a therapeutic waveform. Shock waves' primary physical effect is believed to be via mechanotransduction leading to cellular activation and downstream signalling. Experimentally, ESWT's effects on osseous, connective tissue and wound healing via various mechanisms of action have been reported both in the human and veterinary literature. Clinical trials have investigated ESWT's orthopaedic application including osteoarthritis, thoracolumbar pain, navicular syndrome, tendinopathy and proximal suspensory desmopathy, with its concomitant use with biologics representing an area of active research. Direct ESWT protocol comparisons in terms of long‐term efficacy with variables of energy, depth and exposed tissue types are still lacking with evidence‐based recommendations being largely anecdotal. Technical advancements to facilitate the safe and judicious use of ESWT include human and equine hearing protection, light sedation and/or patient restraint. Efforts to ensure the safe and judicious use of ESWT and its analgesic effects are ongoing.
Equine blood cultures: Can we do better?
Authors: Giancola Shyla , Hart Kelsey A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBlood culture is considered the gold standard test for documenting bacteraemia in patients with suspected bacterial sepsis in veterinary and human medicine. However, blood culture often fails to yield bacterial growth even though the clinical picture is strongly suggestive of bacterial sepsis, or contaminating organisms can overgrow the true pathogen, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this life‐threatening condition very challenging. Methodology for collecting blood cultures in equine medicine, and even in human hospitals, is not standardised, and many variables can affect the yield and type of microorganisms cultured. Microbiological culture techniques used in the laboratory and specific sample collection techniques, including volume of blood collected, aseptic technique utilised, and the site, timing and frequency of sample collection, all have substantial impact on the accuracy of blood culture results. In addition, patient‐specific factors such as husbandry factors, the anatomical site of the primary infection, and changing microflora in different geographic locations, also can impact blood cultures. Thus, blood cultures obtained in practice may not always accurately define the presence or absence of, or specific organisms causing, bacteraemia in horses and foals with suspected sepsis. Erroneous blood culture results can lead to inappropriate antimicrobial use, which can result in poor outcomes for individual patients and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in the patient's microflora and the environmental microcosm. This review summarises current indications and methodology, and specific factors that may be optimised, for equine blood culture, with particular focus on available literature from neonatal foals with suspected bacterial sepsis. To standardise and optimise blood culture techniques in horses and foals, future research in this area should be aimed at determining the optimal volume of blood that should be collected for culture, and the ideal site, timing, and frequency of sample collection.