bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of zoledronic acid in treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures
Authors: Krivova A. V. , Zakharov V. P. , Sharov A. N. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. One of the causes of primary disability and high mortality, among patients with osteoporosis, are fractures that occur with minimal trauma, as a rule, it is a fall from the height of one’s own height. The final link in the chain of preventive measures to reduce the frequency of osteoporosis and fractures on its background is the introduction of pharmacological correction of bone deficiency into the practical activity of an orthopedic traumatologist. Currently, there are several drugs that can change the disturbed metabolism. For example, the use of zoledronic acid significantly reduces the risk of fractures.Aim: to study the effect of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis complicated by a fracture of proximal end of the femur.Materials and methods. In a prospective cohort study, 14 patients received zoledronic acid for 2 years.Results. When comparing BMD L2-L4, it was revealed that a year after the start of treatment, its increase relative to the baseline value was 4.6%, but was statistically insignificant (0.86 ± 0.078 g/cm2 versus 0.90 ± 0.08 g/cm2, p > 0.05). After 2 years of treatment, the BMD of this segment increased, relative to the baseline values, by 12% and the differences became statistically significant (0.86 ± 0.078 g/cm2 compared to 0.97 ± 0.076 g/cm2, p < 0.05). The increase in BMD for the second year of treatment by 6% was statistically significantly different from the increase for the first year of treatment (0.90 ± 0.08 g/cm2 compared to 0.97 ± 0.076 g/cm2, p < 0.05).A comparative analysis of the basic units of the IPC hip after 1 and 2 years of treatment did not reveal significant differences: 0.7075 ± 0.046 g/cm2 compared to 0.7079 ± 0.034 g/cm2 and 0.70751 ± 0.046 g/cm2 compared to 0.6630 ± 0.97 g/cm2, p > 0.05. In any case, for 2 years not marked new vertebral body fractures. Only one patient had a fracture of the radius in the distal third. The quality of life, after 2 years, significantly improved on the scale of “habitual daily activities” (p = 0.007), decreased indicators on the scale of “anxiety” and “depression” (p > 0.05).Discussion. The study confirmed that even in the presence of pronounced bone loss, pharmacological correction of impaired remodeling reduces the risk of new fractures and improves the quality of life.Conclusion. Pharmacotherapy with zoledronic acid, in our study, confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Efficiency of treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux with proton pump inhibitors depending on the <i>CYP2C19</i> polymorphism
Authors: Angotoeva I. B. , Denisenko N. P. , Sychev D. A. , Schepkina E. V. , Magomedova M. M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. A treatment for LFR for many years, the superiority of PPIs over placebos is still controversial. Of particular clinical importance is the metabolic rate of PPIs in hepatocytes using the cytochrome P450 system with the participation of the isoenzyme CYP2C19 and partially CYP3A4Аim. We set a goal to study the efficacy of omeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), depending on the polymorphism of the CYP2C19 genotype.Мaterials and мethods. After the exclusion criteria, 100 people took part in the study, 94 people completed the study.Results. According to the results, 26.6% of patients in the study group (residents of the Moscow region) with LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome belong to fast metabolizers of CYP2C19, 4.2% to ultrafast metabolizers, 52.1% to normal metabolizers, 16% to intermediate metabolizers and 1.1% to slow CYP2C19.Conclusions. In patients with a rapid metabolism, within 1 month after discontinuation of omeprazole, it is necessary to increase the amount of omeprazole 20 mg intake up to 2 times a day in the morning and in the evening and reduce the duration of treatment to 6 weeks.
Correction of gastrocardial syndrome in patients with hernias of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm during antireflux operations
Authors: Khorobrykh T. V. , Voevodina A. A. , Efremov D. A. , Korotkiy V. I. , Khusainova N. R. , Elifkhanova Кh. U. , Malyugina A. Ya. , Martynov I. A. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm in 90% of cases is the main cause of the development of reflux esophagitis. The doctrine highlighted a large group of extraesophageal manifestations of reflux esophagitis, including gastrocardiac syndrome.Аim. The purpose of this publication is to evaluate the effectiveness of antireflux surgery in patients with hiatal hernia through the prism of its effectiveness in the dynamics of gastrocardial syndrome regression.Material and мethods. The paper presents the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 101 patients with hiatal hernia.Results. According to the data of instrumental research methods, cardiac hernias of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm were detected in 45 (44.5%) patients, cardiofundal in 40 (39.6%), subtotal in 15 (14.8%), total in 1 (0.9%). The main place in the clinical picture of gastrocardial syndrome was occupied by the pain syndrome behind the breastbone (83.1%). Thus, arrhythmias were found in 16 (40.0%) patients with cardiofundal, in 10 (66.6%) subtotal and in 1 (100.0%) total hiatal hernia, and angina pectoris is characteristic of cardiac hernias and was observed in 20 (44.4%) patients. The clinical manifestation of reflex angina pectoris and arrhythmias depended on the degree of shortening of the esophagus. Thus, arrhythmias were more common in patients with cardiofundal (50.0%), subtotal (71.4%), total (100.0%) hiatal hernia with II degree of shortening of the esophagus, and angina pectoris characteristic of cardiac (75.0%) hiatal hernia. with II degree of shortening of the esophagus. Reflex angina is typical for patients of the older age group, and manifestations of arrhythmia are recorded at a younger age. Heart rate variability was considered, according to electrocardiogram and Holter ECG monitoring before and after surgical treatment, where the parameters significantly (p> 0.05) decreased.Conclusions. The phenomena of gastrocardial syndrome regressed after antireflux surgery in 44 (43.5%) patients. Surgical treatment from the endovideosurgical approach did not worsen the results of surgical treatment.
Clinical and immunological features of psoriasis vulgaris in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Evdokimov E. Yu. , Ponezheva Zh. B. , Svechnikova E. V. , Sundukov A. V. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis, which has characteristic clinical features and is closely associated with immunological changes in the skin. HIV-infected patients suffering from psoriasis have immunological features associated with the effect of HIV virus on CD4+T-lymphocytes.Aim. To identify clinical features of psoriasis in HIV-infected patients depending on the stage of HIV infection and immune status.Materials and methods. An open prospective study (2014–2018) included 143 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, of which 79 (55.2%) were infected with HIV and 64 (44.8%) were not infected with HIV. The groups were comparable in terms of age and gender. The diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris was established with due account for its clinical presentation and histologically confirmed in 29 (20.3%) patients, of which 17 (58.6%) were infected with HIV and 12 (41.4%) were not infected with HIV. In a biopsy, tissue samples were taken from the areas of inflammatory and healthy skin in each patient. Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocytes in the biopsy samples obtained were calculated using immunohistochemical staining of biopsy. The severity of psoriasis progress was assessed using the psoriasis lesions severity index, taking into account the body surface area covered by lesions, the intensity of erythema, infiltration and sloughing of skin. In the course of the study, the patients had general clinical examinations performed, their HIV infection confirmed or denied, their immune status assessed, and their clinical stage of HIV infection determined.Results and discussion. Mild psoriasis was less often identified, and moderately severe and severe psoriasis was more often observed in HIV-infected patients as compared to HIV-negative patients. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients grew with increasing immunosuppression and clinical stage of HIV infection; these changes were not observed in HIV-negative patients.Сonclusion. HIV-infected patients often have moderately severe (39.2%) and severe (22.8%) psoriasis vulgaris. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients predominate over the CD4+T-lymphocyte counts, while the HIV-negative patients show the opposite test results.
A state-of-the-Art review of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques for the management of water resources
Authors: Kumar Vijendra , Yadav S. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water resource management is a complex engineering problem, due to the stochastic nature of inflow, various demands and environmental flow downstream. With the increase in water consumption for domestic use and irrigation, it becomes more challenging. Many more difficulties, such as non-convex, nonlinear, multi-objective, and discontinuous functions, exist in real life. From the past two decades, heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques have played a significant role in managing and providing better performance solutions. The popularity of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques has increased among researchers due to their numerous benefits and possibilities. Researchers are attempting to develop more accurate and efficient models by incorporating novel methods and hybridizing existing ones. This paper's main contribution is to show the state-of-the-art of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques in water resource management. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the various techniques within the context of a thorough evaluation and discussion. As a result, for water resource management problems, this study introduces the most promising evolutionary and swarm intelligence techniques. Hybridization, modifications, and algorithm variants are reported to be the most successful for improving optimization techniques. This survey can be used to aid hydrologists and scientists in deciding the proper optimization techniques.
Feasibility of an environmentally friendly method of contaminant flushing in water distribution systems using containment ponds
Authors: Sheefa Darud E. , Barkdoll Brian D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Water distribution system flushing is one way to get rid of contamination. In conventional flushing, all the contaminated water is discharged to the environment, thereby harming it. A new method is proposed here as an alternative solution, in which a containment pond lined with impermeable material will be constructed in a suitable place within the municipality. Network modelling was performed to investigate the feasibility of the new method. It was found that (1) the proposed flushing method can successfully reduce environmental impacts compared to hydrant flushing only, (2) a containment pond cannot clear the system periphery away from the containment pond, (3) the best location of a containment pond is not always at the furthest location from the source reservoir, and (4) for some systems, some pond locations might be better from an economic perspective, while other locations will be better environmentally.
Research on application of ReliefF and improved RVM in water quality grade evaluation
Authors: Gong Yu-Lin , Hu Ming-Jia , Yang Hui-Fang , Han Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
ReliefF algorithm was used to analyze the weight of each water quality evaluation factor, and then based on the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the kernel width factor and hyperparameters of RVM to build a water quality evaluation model, and the experimental results of RVM, PSO-RVM, ReliefF-RVM and PSO-ReliefF-RVM were compared. The results show that ReliefF algorithm, combined with threshold value, selects 5 evaluation factors with significant weight from eight evaluation factors, which reduces the amount of data used in the model, CSI index is used to calculate the separability of each evaluation factor combination. The results show that the overall separability of the combination is best when the evaluation factor with significant weight is reserved. When different water quality evaluation factors were included, the evaluation accuracy of PSO-ReliefF-RVM model reached 95.74%, 14.23% higher than that of RVM model, which verified the effectiveness of PSO algorithm and ReliefF algorithm, and had a higher guiding significance for the study of water quality grade evaluation. It has good practical application value.
Characterizing dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake with PARAFAC and SOM method
Authors: Zhang W. , Li T. , Dong B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum has a significantly greater amount of information than the single-stage scanning fluorescence spectrum. At the same time, the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and neural network method can help explore the fluorescence characteristics further, thus could be used to analyse multiple sets of three-dimensional matrix data. In this study, the PARAFAC analysis and the self-organizing mapping (SOM) neural network method are firstly introduced comprehensively. They are then adopted to extract information of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data set for fluorescence characteristics analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Taihu Lake water. Forty water samples with DOM species were taken from different seasons with the fluorescence information obtained through three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis, PARAFAC analysis and SOM analysis. The PARAFAC analysis results indicated that the main fluorescence components of dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake water were aromatic proteins, fulvic acids, and dissolved microorganisms. The SOM analysis results showed that the fluorescence characteristics of the dissolved organics in Taihu Lake varied seasonally. Therefore, the combined method of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis, PARAFAC and SOM analysis can provide important information for characterization of the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter in surface water bodies.
LENGUAS EN CONTACTO EN LA SIERRA NORTE DEL PERÚ. UNA PERSPECTIVA COGNITIVA EN LA DIALECTOLOGÍA DEL CASTELLANO
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita 
Published: January 2022

En la presente investigación, nuestro propósito central es, a la luz de los su- puestos teóricos de la lingüística cognitiva y la pragmática, abordar el estudio de los procesos y fenómenos dialectológicos y sociolingüísticos en el castella- no andino de la sierra norte del Perú, específicamente, en los distritos de Lu- chubamba y Condebamba, provincia de Cajabamba, departamento de Caja- marca. Analizaremos casos como: “antes en mi joventud, saludábamos [de voce] (en voz alta), [ de donde vase] (¿a donde vas?), [cuándo vas a volvere] (cuando vas a volver), asimismo, nos interesa identificar los factores que participan en su producción.
Importancia de la estructura cognitiva en el aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Valdez Delgado Silvia Lucía 
Published: January 2022

El cambio de paradigma de la evaluación de la inteligencia a la evaluación de la competencia, ha propendido a ir estableciendo un diseño curricular centrado en el sujeto que esta aprendiendo, cuyo substrato es el pensamiento sistémico y la planificación estratégica.En este contexto histórico de transformaciones globales de la educación, el modelo educativo pretende ser de tipo personalizado tomando en cuenta el desarrollo individual logrado por los estudiantes en función de establecer y satisfacer las demandas del perfil de egreso de cada una de las carreras que se dictan en la universidad.De acuerdo con lo expuesto se hace evidente entonces la pertinencia de analizar las implicancias que en este ámbito tiene la estructuración de las Mallas Curriculares, las cuales deberían ser coincidentes con la aplicación de las teorías cognitivas de Ausubel,quien postula que el aprendizaje se se vuelve significativo para el individuo a medida que la nueva información se puede incorporar a una estructura jerártquica preexistente en él, y con las de Vigotsky, quien explica que se debe llevar al estudiante desde su Zona de Dearrollo Actual (ZDA) a la Zona de Desarrollo Potencial (ZDP) en el proceso de aprendizaje de los modos culturales de actividad y así lograr una metacognición.
Effect of Waste Clay Brick Powder on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste
Authors: Sinkhonde David , Onchiri Richard Ocharo , Oyawa Walter Odhiambo , Mwero John Nyiro 
Published: January 2022

Background:Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited.Materials and Methods:This paper discusses the effects of waste clay brick powder on cement paste. Fragmented clay bricks were grounded in the laboratory using a ball mill and incorporated into cementitious mixes as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Workability, consistency, setting time, density and compressive strength properties of paste mixes were investigated to better understand the impact of waste clay brick powder on the cementitious paste. Four cement replacement levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were evaluated in comparison with the control paste. The chemical and mineral compositions were evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffractometer, respectively. The morphology of cement and waste clay brick powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope.Results:The investigation of workability exhibited a reduction of slump attributed to the significant addition of waste clay brick powder into the cementitious mixes, and it was concluded that waste clay brick powder did not significantly influence the density of the mixes. In comparison with the control paste, increased values of consistency and setting time of cement paste containing waste clay brick powder confirmed the information available in the literature.Conclusion:Although waste clay brick powder decreased the compressive strength of cement paste, 5% partial cement replacement with waste clay brick powder was established as an optimum percentage for specimens containing waste clay brick powder following curing periods of 7 and 28 days. Findings of chemical composition, mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy of waste clay brick powder demonstrated that when finely ground, fragmented clay bricks can be used in concrete as a pozzolanic material.
Development and Evaluation of Herbal Hair Serum: A traditional way to Improve Hair Quality
Authors: Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav , Yadav Ajeet , Ramachandran Vadivelan 
Published: January 2022

Background:
In the mammalian system, the hair follicle is known to be the most significant organ that determines appearance, gender distinction, provides intense temperature protection, and plays a role in self-defense. The younger generations have begun to suffer from extreme hair loss problems due to many lifestyle-related changes such as fatigue, anxiety, intake of junk foods, use of different hairstyling/coloring methods, etc. The loss of hair is not temporary in most cases, but it results in alopecia. Many people suffering from hair loss are in search of multiple treatments due to extreme anxiety and tension, from mythology to traditional and therapeutic healing to the use of minoxidil and finasteride. To improve hair growth and to prevent hair loss, hair root activation is required.

Objective:
The present study was intended to use different herbs to formulate herbal hair serum for general purposes (hair application).

Methods:
Crude herbs are obtained from nearby regions. In order to obtain the extract, the required part of herbs, such as Citrus sinensis peel, Zingiber officinale roots, and Linum usitatissimum seeds, Nigella sativa, and Trigonella foenum-graecum were specifically weighed and dispensed in water, boiled, allowed to cool, and then filtered. To the filtrate, castor oil and vitamin E were added. The formulated herbal hair serum was tested, and different criteria were determined and recorded in this text, such as physical appearance, viscosity, pH, homogeneity, eye sensitivity (Draize eye test), hair growth activity, hair weight, stability test, etc.

Results:
Prepared herbal hair serum was found to be pale brown in color with pseudoplastic behavior. The texture of the formulation was smooth and lubricative, and the pH was within the acceptable limit. Herbal hair serum revealed good hair growth as well as hair weight after application with minor sensitivity for the first time. The formulation was found to be stable for seven days.

Conclusion:
Herbal cosmetics are still commonly used by average citizens because of fewer side effects and greater protection and safety profile. Current research has revealed that herbal formulations are effective in enhancing hair consistency.
Optimalisasi Kecepatan Belt Conveyor pada Praktikum Time Study di Laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja
Authors: Delti Gemah 
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kecepatan optimal belt conveyor pada praktikum time study di laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja Politeknik ATI Makassar. Laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja (TPSK) adalah sarana dan prasarana untuk kegiatan proses belajar mengajar, baik yang bersifat rutin kegiatan praktikum maupun eksidental berupa suatu tempat yang digunakan untuk percobaan dan pengamatan yang berhubungan dengan bidang ilmu teknik industri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu suatu metode yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang sejelas­jelasnya tentang deskripsi time study di Laboratorium TPSK untuk menetapkan waktu baku melalui data dan pengukuran­pengukuran waktu kemudian hasilnya akan dibuat kesimpulan secara umum terhadap optimalisasi kecepatan belt conveyor. Jumlah populasi yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Teknik Industri Agro yang menjalani perkuliahan praktek pada Laboratorium TPSK jumlah populasi ±210 orang mahasiswa. Sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang praktek modul time studi sebanyak ±93 orang. Hasil pengujian keseragaman data pada percobaan ke dua menggunakan aplikasi miniTab guna menentukan reliability diperoleh 98,9 %. Hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan telah memenuhi syarat 95 % covidence Level dan 5 % Degree of Accuracy dengan bukti N’ ≤ N pada percobaan ke dua dengan kecepatan belt conveyor 1,5 m/s. Sehingga optimalisasi kecepatan belt conveyor praktikum time study di laboratorium teknik perancangan sistem kerja ada pada kecepatan 1,5 m/s.