bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing patient-orientated Barrett’s oesophagus services: the role of dedicated services
Authors: Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Britton James , Hamdy Shaheen , McLaughlin John , Ang Yeng 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBarrett’s oesophagus (BO) is common and is a precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma with a 0.33% per annum risk of progression. Surveillance and follow-up services for BO have been shown to be lacking, with studies showing inadequate adherence to guidelines and patients reporting a need for greater disease-specific knowledge. This review explores the emerging role of dedicated services for patients with BO.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, HMIC, BNI, CiNAHL, AMED and PsycINFO in regard to dedicated BO care pathways was undertaken.ResultsProspective multicentre and randomised trials were lacking. Published cohort data are encouraging with improvements in guideline adherence with dedicated services, with one published study showing significant improvements in dysplasia detection rates. Accuracy of allocation to surveillance endoscopy has been shown to hold cost savings, and a study of a dedicated clinic showed increased discharges from unnecessary surveillance. Training modalities for BO surveillance and dysplasia detection exist, which could be used to educate a BO workforce. Qualitative and quantitative studies have shown patients report high levels of cancer worry and poor disease-specific knowledge, but few studies have explored follow-up care models despite being a patient and clinician priority for research.ConclusionsCost–benefit analysis for dedicated services, considering both financial and environmental impacts, and more robust clinical data must be obtained to support this model of care in the wider health service. Greater understanding is needed of the root causes for poor guideline adherence, and disease-specific models of care should be designed around clinical and patient-reported outcomes to address the unmet needs of patients with BO.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Senegal: a modelling study
Authors: Diarra Maryam , Kebir Amira , Talla Cheikh , Barry Aliou , Faye Joseph , Louati Dorra , Opatowski Lulla , Diop Mamadou ,   REPAIR consortium, White Lisa J , Loucoubar Cheikh , Miled Slimane Ben 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWhen vaccines against the novel COVID-19 were available in Senegal, many questions were raised. How long should non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) be maintained during vaccination roll-out? What are the best vaccination strategies?MethodsIn this study, we used an age-structured dynamic mathematical model. This model uses parameters based on SARS-CoV-2 virus, information on different types of NPIs, epidemiological and demographic data, some parameters relating to hospitalisations and vaccination in Senegal.ResultsIn all scenarios explored, the model predicts a larger third epidemic wave of COVID-19 in terms of new cases and deaths than the previous waves. In a context of limited vaccine supply, vaccination alone will not be sufficient to control the epidemic, and the continuation of NPIs is necessary to flatten the epidemic curve. Assuming 20% of the population have been vaccinated, the optimal period to relax NPIs would be a few days from the last peak. Regarding the prioritisation of age groups to be vaccinated, the model shows that it is better to vaccinate individuals aged 5–60 years and not just the elderly (over 60 years) and those in high-risk groups. This strategy could be more cost-effective for the government, as it would reduce the high costs associated with hospitalisation. In terms of vaccine distribution, the optimal strategy would be to allocate full dose to the elderly. If vaccine doses are limited, half dose followed by full dose would be sufficient for people under 40 years because whether they receive half or full dose, the reduction in hospitalisations would be similar and their death-to-case ratio is very low.ConclusionsThis study could be presented as a decision support tool to help devise strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic and help the Ministry of Health to better manage and allocate the available vaccine doses.
ISA101 and nivolumab for HPV-16+cancer: updated clinical efficacy and immune correlates of response
Authors: Sousa Luana Guimaraes de , Rajapakshe Kimal , Rodriguez Canales Jaime , Chin Renee L , Feng Lei , Wang Qi , Barrese Tomas Z , Massarelli Erminia , William William , Johnson Faye M , Ferrarotto Renata , Wistuba Ignacio , Coarfa Cristian , Lee Jack , Wang Jing , Melief Cornelis J M , Curran Michael A , Glisson Bonnie S 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe combination of ISA101, a human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 peptide vaccine, and nivolumab showed a promising response rate of 33% in patients with incurable HPV-16+cancer. Here we report long-term clinical outcomes and immune correlates of response.MethodsPatients with advanced HPV-16+cancer and less than two prior regimens for recurrence were enrolled to receive ISA101 (100 µg/peptide) on days 1, 22, and 50 and nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks beginning day 8 for up to 1 year. Baseline tumor samples were stained with multiplex immunofluorescence for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), CD3, CD8, CD68, and pan-cytokeratin in a single panel and scanned with the Vectra 3.0 multispectral microscope. Whole transcriptome analysis of baseline tumors was performed with Affymetrix Clariom D arrays. Differential gene expression analysis was performed on responders versus non-responders.ResultsTwenty-four patients were followed for a median of 46.5 months (95% CI, 46.0 months to not reached (NR)). The median duration of response was 11.2 months (95% CI, 8.51 months to NR); three out of eight (38%) patients with objective response were without progression at 3 years. The median and 3-year overall survival were 15.3 months (95% CI, 10.6 months to 27.2 months) and 12.5% (95% CI, 4.3% to 36%), respectively. The scores for activated T cells ((CD3+PD-1+)+(CD3+CD8+PD-1+)), activated cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+PD-1+), and total macrophage ((CD68+PD-L1−)+(CD68+PD-L1+)) in tumor were directly correlated with clinical response (p<0.05) and depth of response with the two complete response patients having the highest degree of CD8+T cells. Gene expression analysis revealed differential regulation of 357 genes (≥1.25 fold) in non-responders versus responders (p<0.05). Higher expression of immune response, inflammatory response and interferon-signaling pathway genes were correlated with clinical response (p<0.05).ConclusionsEfficacy of ISA101 and nivolumab remains promising in long-term follow-up. Increased infiltration by PD-1+T cells and macrophages was predictive of response. Enrichment in gene sets associated with interferon-γ response and immune infiltration strongly predicted response to therapy. A randomized trial is ongoing to test this strategy and to further explore correlates of immune response with combined nivolumab and ISA101, versus nivolumab alone.Trial registration numberNCT02426892.
Recommendations for effective documentation in regional anesthesia: an expert panel Delphi consensus project
Authors: Ahmed Hassan M , Atterton Benjamin P , Crowe Gillian G , Barratta Jaime L , Johnson Mark , Viscusi Eugene , Adhikary Sanjib , Albrecht Eric , Boretsky Karen , Boublik Jan , Breslin Dara S , Byrne Kelly , Ch'ng Alan , Chuan Alwin , Conroy Patrick , Daniel Craig , Daszkiewicz Andrzej , Delbos Alain , Dirzu Dan Sebastian , Dmytriiev Dmytro , Fennessy Paul , Fischer H Barrie J , Frizelle Henry , Gadsden Jeff , Gautier Philippe , Gupta Rajnish K , Gürkan Yavuz , Hardman Harold David , Harrop-Griffiths William , Hebbard Peter , Hernandez Nadia , Hlasny Jakub , Iohom Gabriella , Ip Vivian H Y , Jeng Christina L , Johnson Rebecca L , Kalagara Hari , Kinirons Brian , Lansdown Andrew Kenneth , Leng Jody C , Lim Yean Chin , Lobo Clara , Ludwin Danielle B , Macfarlane Alan James Robert , Machi Anthony T , Mahon Padraig , Mannion Stephen , McLeod David H , Merjavy Peter , Miscuks Aleksejs , Mitchell Christopher H , Moka Eleni , Moran Peter , Ngui Ann , Nin Olga C , O'Donnell Brian D , Pawa Amit , Perlas Anahi , Porter Steven , Pozek John-Paul , Rebelo Humberto C , Roqués Vicente , Schroeder Kristopher M , Schwartz Gary , Schwenk Eric S , Sermeus Luc , Shorten George , Srinivasan Karthikeyan , Stevens Markus F , Theodoraki Kassiani , Turbitt Lloyd R , Valdés-Vilches Luis Fernando , Volk Thomas , Webster Katrina , Wiesmann T , Wilson Sylvia H , Wolmarans Morné , Woodworth Glenn , Worek Andrew K , Moran E M Louise 
Published: February 2022

Background and objectivesDocumentation is important for quality improvement, education, and research. There is currently a lack of recommendations regarding key aspects of documentation in regional anesthesia. The aim of this study was to establish recommendations for documentation in regional anesthesia.MethodsFollowing the formation of the executive committee and a directed literature review, a long list of potential documentation components was created. A modified Delphi process was then employed to achieve consensus amongst a group of international experts in regional anesthesia. This consisted of 2 rounds of anonymous electronic voting and a final virtual round table discussion with live polling on items not yet excluded or accepted from previous rounds. Progression or exclusion of potential components through the rounds was based on the achievement of strong consensus. Strong consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement and weak consensus as 50%–74% agreement.ResultsSeventy-seven collaborators participated in both rounds 1 and 2, while 50 collaborators took part in round 3. In total, experts voted on 83 items and achieved a strong consensus on 51 items, weak consensus on 3 and rejected 29.ConclusionBy means of a modified Delphi process, we have established expert consensus on documentation in regional anesthesia.
Strong deflection gravitational lensing by an Einstein–Lovelock ultracompact object
Authors: Gao Yuan-Xing , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the strong deflection gravitational lensing by an Einstein–Lovelock ultracompact object. Its unique features are the relativistic images inside its photon sphere which are absent for an Einstein–Lovelock black hole. We obtain its lensing observables and evaluate their observability for the direct images of two supermassive black holes in the Galaxy and M87 respectively, Sgr A* and M87*, and for the relativistic microlensing on a star closely around Sgr A*. We find that although it is impossible to tell difference of the ultracompact object from the black hole in Einstein–Lovelock gravity by the direct images, it might be possible to distinguish the Einstein–Lovelock ultracompact object by measuring the total flux of the relativistic microlensing in the not-so-far future.
Quantitative Analysis of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Artifacts Induced by Nonmetallic Root Canal Filling Materials Using Different Fields of View: In Vitro Study
Authors: AlMohareb Rahaf A. , Barakat Reem M. , Mehanny Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging artifacts can hinder accurate diagnosis of several conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify CBCT artifacts created by nonmetallic root canal filling materials using two fields of view (FOV). Root canals of twenty extracted maxillary central incisors (

n
=
20

) were instrumented and randomly divided into four equal groups: canals in Group 1 were filled with gutta-percha, canals in Group 2 with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and gutta-percha, canals in Group 3 with gutta-percha and glass-fiber posts, and canals in Group 4 with MTA and glass-fiber posts. Each tooth was mounted on a silicon block and scanned three times using a CBCT machine, first with a prefilling scan (control) and then with postfilling scans, using two different FOV (

40
∗
50

mm

and

80
∗
50

mm

). Imaging software was used to measure grayscale pixel values of canal cross sections. Data were analyzed using

t

-test and paired

t

-test statistical tests, with statistical significance set at

p
≤
0.05

. Dentin at the apical and middle third of the teeth showed a significant decrease in minimum grayscale values in association with gutta-percha (

p
=
0.027

,

p
=
0.034

). However, a wide

80
∗
50

FOV showed a significant increase in maximum grayscale values of coronal (

p
=
0.048

) and apical dentin (

p
=
0.049

). Glass-fiber posts in middle third cross sections also corresponded to an increase in maximum grayscale values (

p
=
0.018

). Gutta-percha produced dark band artifacts in the root’s middle and apical thirds, whereas white streak artifacts were produced by gutta-percha in the coronal third and glass-fiber posts in the coronal and middle thirds when imaged with a wider FOV. A smaller FOV is therefore recommended for CBCT imaging, as it produces fewer artifacts.
Sexual Violence and Risk of Hypertension in Women in the Nurses’ Health Study II: A 7‐Year Prospective Analysis
Authors: Lawn Rebecca B. , Nishimi Kristen M. , Sumner Jennifer A. , Chibnik Lori B. , Roberts Andrea L. , Kubzansky Laura D. , Rich‐Edwards Janet W. , Koenen Karestan C. , Thurston Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Hypertension is a prevalent condition in women and an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite women’s experiences of sexual violence being common, no prospective studies have examined lifetime sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment in relationship to hypertension in large civilian samples with extended follow‐up. Here, we examined whether these experiences were prospectively associated with greater risk of developing hypertension over 7 years.

Methods and Results
Data are from a substudy of the Nurses’ Health Study II and include women free of hypertension at the time of sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment assessment in 2008 (n=33 127). Hypertension was defined as self‐reported doctor diagnosis or initiating antihypertensive medication use, assessed biennially through 2015. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression models to predict time to developing hypertension associated with sexual violence exposure, adjusting for relevant covariates. Over follow‐up, 7096 women developed hypertension. Sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment were prevalent (23% and 12%, respectively; 6% of women experienced both). Compared with women with no exposure, women who experienced both sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment had the highest risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.35), followed by women who experienced workplace sexual harassment (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05–1.25) and then by women who experienced sexual assault (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19), after adjusting for relevant covariates.

Conclusions
Sexual assault and workplace sexual harassment are prospectively associated with greater risk of hypertension. Reducing such violence is important in its own right and may also improve women’s cardiovascular health.
Applications of the Geometry-Sensitive Ensemble Mean for Lake-Effect Snowbands and Other Weather Phenomena
Authors: Seibert Jonathan J. , Greybush Steven J. , Li Jia , Zhang Zhoumin , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ensembles of predictions are critical to modern weather forecasting. However, visualizing ensembles and their means in a useful way remains challenging. Existing methods of creating ensemble means do not recognize the physical structures that humans could identify within the ensemble members; therefore, visualizations for variables such as reflectivity lose important information and are difficult for human forecasters to interpret. In response, the authors create an improved ensemble mean that retains more structural information. The authors examine and expand upon the object-based Geometry-Sensitive Ensemble Mean (GEM) defined by Li and Zhang from a meteorological perspective. The authors apply low-intensity thresholding to WRF-simulated radar reflectivity images of lake-effect snowbands, tropical cyclones, and severe thunderstorms and then process them with the GEM system. Gaussian mixture model–based signatures retain the geometric structure of these phenomena and are used to compute a Wasserstein barycenter as the centroid for the ensemble; D2 clustering is employed to examine different scenarios among the ensemble members. Three types of ensemble mean image are created from the centroid of the ensemble or cluster, which each improve upon the traditional pixel-wise average in different ways, successfully capture aspects of the ensemble members’ structure, and have potential applications for future forecasting efforts. The adjusted best member is a better representative member, the Bayesian posterior mean is an improved structure-based weighted average, and the mixture density mean is an outline of the key structures in the ensemble. Each is shown to improve upon a simple arithmetic mean via quantitative comparison with observations.
Relationship between bladder outlet obstruction and prostatic indentation, prostatic urethral length, and bladder-prostatic urethral angle
Authors: Yaris Mehmet , Oztekin Cetin Volkan 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between prostatic anatomical factors and pressure flow studies (PFSs). Methods: The study was designed with 41 patients. PFS was applied to every patient. The Qmax value and voided volume during uroflowmetry were recorded. The PdetQmax values during PFS were recorded and obstruction indices were calculated. Prostate volume, prostatic indentation, prostatic urethral length, and bladder-prostatic urethral angle were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Results: The mean age of the participants was 66.2 years. The mean maximum flow value was detected as 9.91 ± 4.92 ml/s, and the mean average flow value as 4.89 ± 2.54 ml/s. The mean obstruction index of the patients was found to be 75.27 ± 46.96. There was a positive linear relationship between obstruction index and PSA, prostate volume, prostatic urethral length, and prostatic indentation ( r: 0.341, p: 0.029; r: 0.363, p: 0.020; r: 0.386, p: 0.013; and r: 0.479, p: 0.002, respectively). No significant relationship was found between obstruction index and bladder-prostatic urethral angle. Conclusion: Prostatic urethral length and prostatic indentation are associated with the degree of bladder outlet obstruction. Further studies involving a higher number of patients are needed to calculate the accuracy of these parameters.
Effects on low threshold mechanoreceptors in whisker hair follicles by 5-HT, Cd2+, tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, and Ba2+
Authors: Sonekatsu Mayumi , Yamada Hiroshi , Nishio Naoko , Gu Jianguo G 
Published: February 2022

Low threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) are important for environmental exploration, social interaction, and tactile discrimination. Whisker hair follicles are mechanical sensory organs in non-primate mammals that are functionally equivalent to human fingertips. Several functional types of LTMRs have been identified in rodent whisker hair follicles, including rapidly adapting (RA), slow adapting type 1 (SA1), and slowly adapting type 2 (SA2) LTMRs. Properties of these LTMRs have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we have used pressure-clamped single-fiber recording technique to record impulses of RA, SA1, and SA2 LTMRs in mouse whisker hair follicles, and tested effects of 5-HT, Cd2+, tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and Ba2+ on the LTMR impulses. We show that 5-HT at 2 mM suppresses SA1 impulses but has no effects on RA and SA2 impulses. Cd2+ at 100 μM suppresses both SA1 and SA2 impulses but has no effects on RA impulses. TEA at 10 mM has no effects on RA and SA1 impulses but increased SA2 impulses. However, TEA at 1 mM and 200 μM decreases SA2 impulses. 4-AP at 1 mM suppresses both SA1 and SA2 impulses but has no effects on RA impulses. Ba2+ at 5 mM increases both RA and SA1 impulses but suppresses SA2 impulses. Collectively, RA, SA1, and SA2 LTMRs show distinct pharmacological properties, suggesting that these LTMRs may use different mechanisms to tune their mechanical signaling.
Patient experiences in an art-making cancer support group: A qualitative study
Authors: Siak Junpei E , Yong Flora , Tang Jintana , Choo Chih H 
Published: February 2022

Background This hospital-based art-making support group for female adult cancer patients was set up in 2009. Participants meet weekly for art and craft activities, which are facilitated by a psychiatrist. The group is open-ended and participation is voluntary. There are currently around 150 participants in total. Objectives This qualitative study explores patient experiences in a hospital-based art-making support group. Methods 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted. The participants were all female, predominantly Chinese Singaporean, and had been diagnosed with either breast cancer or a gynaecological cancer. A constructivist phenomenological research paradigm was adopted. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify, analyse and report patterns in the data. Results Three overarching themes and corresponding subthemes were identified: Benefits and challenges of journeying through cancer as a group (supporting one another, maturing relationships, interpersonal conflict, death and illness in the group), increased personal well-being (increased emotional well-being, personal growth and reduced social isolation) and going beyond group-based art-making (value of non-art-making activities, artistic development beyond the group). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that art-making support groups may enhance the emotional, psychological and social well-being of patients with cancer. The group experience has provided participants with emotional, informational and experiential support, though participants cited the need to accept interpersonal conflict and grief over fellow participants’ illness and death. Potential areas for future study include the impact of interpersonal dynamics on cancer support groups, the impact of cultural factors on participants’ interactions and the skills required of group facilitators to manage conflict, grief and anxiety amongst participants.