bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The micro‐shear bond strength of new endodontic tricalcium silicate‐based putty: An in vitro study
Authors: Özata Merve Yeniçeri , Falakaloğlu Seda , Plotino Gianluca , Adıgüzel Özkan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare in vitro micro‐shear bond strength (μSBS) of three different endodontic tricalcium silicate‐based materials in contact with a bulk‐fill resin‐based composite. Thirty cylindrical resin blocks with a hole in the centre (2 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter) were manufactured with a 3D printer and divided into three groups (n = 10), depending on the calcium silicate cement used: light curing TheraCal LC (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), liquid–powder NeoMTA 2 (NuSmile Avalon Biomed, Bradenton, FL, USA) and putty NeoPutty (NuSmile, Houston, TX, USA). Each sample was stored for 24 h at 37°C and 100% humidity. Then, after adhesive placement, the restorative material Filtek bulk‐fill (3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed over the capping material using cylindrical plastic capsules (2 mm height and 2 mm) and polymerised for 20 s. Specimens were then tested in a universal testing machine for the compression load resulting in the μSBS. The data were compared with the one‐way ANOVA (Welch) and the Tamhane test. The mean value was significantly higher in the TheraCal LC group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between NeoMTA 2 and NeoPutty groups (p > 0.05). The majority of failure modes for all groups were cohesive within biomaterial. Using TheraCal LC in the pulp capping procedure can result in higher bond strength values to the tested bulk‐fill resin‐based composite than NeoMTA 2 and NeoPutty.
The performance of five models compared with atrial high rate episodes predicts new atrial fibrillation after cardiac implantable electronic devices implantation
Authors: Chen Ju‐Yi , Chen Tse‐Wei , Lu Wei‐Da 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsSeveral predicting models have been evaluated for new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in several clinical conditions, but never in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). We aimed to evaluate the five predicting models compared with atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) to predict new AF in patients with CIED.Methods and ResultsWe retrospective enrolled 470 consecutive patients with CIED and without a history of AF. The five predicting models, including CHA2DS2‐VASc score, C2HEST score, mCHEST score, HAT2CH2 score, and HAVOC score were used. The primary endpoint was new AF documented by 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) or 30‐s ECG strip. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with independent factors of new AF. Patients' median age was 76 years and 58.7% were male. During follow‐up (median 29 months), 34 new AF occurred (incidence rate 2.99/100 patient‐years, 95% CI 1.67–6.20). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed AHRE ≥6 min and 24 h, and HAT2CH2 score were independent predictors for new AF. Optimal AHRE cutoff value was 9.3 min with highest Youden index (AUC, 0.806; 95% CI, 0.722–0.889; p < .001). The AF occurrence rate of AHRE ≥9.3 min was 7 times AHRE <9.3 min (p < .001).ConclusionsWe compared 5 predicting models for new AF in patients with CIED and without a history of AF. AHRE ≥6 min and 24 h, and HAT2CH2 score were independent predictors for AF.
The 5‐minute Apgar score and childhood school outcomes
Authors: Selvaratnam Roshan J. , Wallace Euan M. , Davis Peter G. , Rolnik Daniel L. , Fahey Michael , Davey Mary‐Ann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the association between Apgar score at 5 min and childhood developmental and educational outcome.MethodsA population‐based data linkage study of births ≥37 weeks' gestation linked to developmental outcomes at preparatory school and educational outcomes at school grades 3, 5 and 7 in Victoria, Australia. Multivariable logistic regressions and generalised estimating equations were used.ResultsThere were 167,126 singleton infants with developmental results and 392,933 singleton infants with at least one educational result. There was an inverse relationship between Apgar score at 5 min and poor developmental and educational outcomes, with the worst outcomes among Apgar scores of 0–3. Apgar scores of 7, 8 and 9 were all associated with poorer developmental outcomes (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.54; aOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.29; aOR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13 respectively), while Apgar scores of 7 and 8 were associated with poorer educational outcomes at grades 3, 5, and 7. With progression through grades 3, 5, and 7, the extent of the difference in educational outcomes diminished (e.g. for Apgar scores of 0–3: aOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.85–6.00 in grade 3 and aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.75–2.96 in grade 7).ConclusionApgar scores below 10 at 5 min are associated with poorer developmental and educational outcomes in school.
Regulation of heart rate following genetic deletion of the ß1 adrenergic receptor in larval zebrafish
Authors: Joyce William , Pan Yihang K. , Garvey Kayla , Saxena Vishal , Perry Steve F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimAlthough zebrafish are gaining popularity as biomedical models of cardiovascular disease, our understanding of their cardiac control mechanisms is fragmentary. Our goal was to clarify the controversial role of the ß1‐adrenergic receptor (AR) in the regulation of heart rate in zebrafish.MethodsCRISPR‐Cas9 was used to delete the adrb1 gene in zebrafish allowing us to generate a stable adrb1−/− line. Larval heart rates were measured during pharmacological protocols and with exposure to hypercapnia. Expression of the five zebrafish adrb genes were measured in larval zebrafish hearts using qPCR.ResultsCompared with genetically matched wild‐types (adrb1+/+), adrb1−/− larvae exhibited ~20 beats min−1 lower heart rate, measured from 2 to 21 days post‐fertilization (dpf). Nevertheless, adrb1−/− larvae exhibited preserved positive chronotropic responses to pharmacological treatment with AR agonists (adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoproterenol), which were blocked by propranolol (general ß‐AR antagonist). Regardless of genotype, larvae exhibited similar increases in heart rate in response to hypercapnia (1% CO2) at 5 dpf, but tachycardia was blunted in adrb1−/− larvae at 6 dpf. adrb1 gene expression was abolished in the hearts of adrb1−/− larvae, confirming successful knockout. While gene expression of adrb2a and adrb3a was unchanged, adrb2b and adrb3b mRNA levels increased in adrb1−/− larval hearts.ConclusionDespite adrb1 contributing to the setting of resting heart rate in larvae, it is not strictly essential for zebrafish, as we generated a viable and breeding adrb1−/− line. The chronotropic effects of adrenergic stimulation persist in adrb1−/− zebrafish, likely due to the upregulation of other ß‐AR subtypes.
Older people are not always happier than younger people: The moderating role of personality
Authors: Kim Joo Hyun , Choi Eunsoo , Kim Namhee , Choi Incheol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present research explored whether the well‐established U‐shaped relationship between age and happiness varied with personality. Individuals ranging from 15 to 75 years of age (N = 10,456, 84.9% female) completed online surveys of subjective well‐being (i.e. life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) and the Big Five personality traits (International Personality Item Pool [IPIP]). The results of hierarchical multiple regression using the PROCESS macro not only supported the prediction of a U‐shaped relationship between age and well‐being but also revealed that the quadratic relationship is moderated by agreeableness and neuroticism. Specifically, well‐being did not bounce back in later adulthood on the well‐being curve across different age groups with low agreeableness and high neuroticism. Moreover, positive affect did not increase and even decreased in later adulthood among those with low agreeableness. This study discusses the potential mechanisms.
Clinical trial: a controlled trial of baclofen add‐on therapy in PPI‐refractory gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms
Authors: Pauwels Ans , Raymenants Karlien , Geeraerts Annelies , Boecxstaens Veerle , Masuy Imke , Broers Charlotte , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPI) have no effect on non‐acid reflux events which can continue to provoke gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. Baclofen, a γ‐aminobutyric acid agonist, can decrease non‐acid reflux but its symptomatic benefit in refractory GERD symptoms is understudied.AimsTo assess the efficacy of baclofen 10 mg t.i.d. vs placebo as add‐on therapy in PPI‐refractory GERD symptoms, in a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.MethodsPatients with persisting typical GERD symptoms on b.i.d. PPI therapy were randomised to 4 weeks of baclofen 10 mg or placebo t.i.d. Before and after treatment, patients underwent 24 h impedance‐pH monitoring on‐PPI. Throughout the study, patients filled out ReQuest diaries. Data were analysed using mixed models.ResultsAbout 60 patients were included (age 47.5 years [range 19–73], 41f/19 m), 31 patients were randomised to baclofen. One patient withdrew consent and five in the baclofen group stopped treatment due to side effects. There was a trend towards a better response for general wellbeing in the baclofen‐treated group compared to placebo (p = 0.06). When subdividing patients according to symptom association probability (SAP), only the SAP+ (n = 25) group improved significantly with baclofen (pcorr = 0.02), and worsened with placebo (pcorr = 0.008). The total number of reflux events decreased over time (p = 0.01), mainly due to the baclofen condition (pcorr = 0.1). The number of reflux events with a high proximal extent dropped significantly after baclofen (pcorr = 0.009), but not placebo.ConclusionBaclofen decreases several reflux parameters in PPI refractory GERD symptoms, but pH‐impedance monitoring is necessary before treatment as only SAP+ patients experience clinical benefit after 4 weeks.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of dabigatran peak and trough concentration in adults
Authors: Ng Jia‐Wei , Mohd Tahir Nor Asyikin , Chin Paul Ken Leong , Makmor‐Bakry Mohd , Mohd Saffian Shamin 
Published: June 2022

Dabigatran etexilate is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor used in preventing thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and several other conditions. Routine dabigatran concentration monitoring is not recommended in clinical practice; however, measurement of dabigatran concentration may be required in several conditions. This study aims to pool the peak and trough dabigatran concentration from real‐world studies. A systematic review was performed to identify studies that measured the peak and trough dabigatran concentrations. Observational studies reporting dabigatran peak or trough concentrations and patients' clinical characteristics of either sex, age or weight were included. Random‐effect meta‐analyses and metaregression were conducted to pool dabigatran concentrations and to identify the correlation between factors affecting dabigatran concentrations. Fifteen studies with a total of 1226 patients were included. The pooled peak dabigatran concentration was 133 ng/mL (95% CI: 113–154, I2 = 86%, n = 655), while the pooled dabigatran trough concentration was 80 ng/mL (95% CI: 69–91, I2 = 93%, n = 1010). Metaregression analyses suggested that age is significantly correlated to trough concentration, while body weight and creatinine clearance significantly correlated to peak concentration. Subgroup results revealed that dabigatran concentration when measured with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was higher than haemoclot thrombin inhibitor assay. Several guidelines have proposed dabigatran concentrations target range and the pooled dabigatran concentrations were in line with the suggested range. Further studies to correlate dabigatran concentrations and clinical outcomes is warranted to improve the safety and efficacy monitoring of dabigatran therapy.
Pyrazolopyridine: An efficient pharmacophore in recent drug design and development
Authors: Atukuri Dorababu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmong the various heterocyclic molecules employed for drug design and discovery, pyrazolopyridine is one of the promising pharmacophores. Pyrazolopyridine is a result of fusion of pyrazole and pyridine rings. The potent pharmacology of pyrazolopyridine may be the synergistic effect of pyrazole and pyridine moieties in a single framework. It has been used in drug design of a wide range of diseases such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotection. Cancer has become a common disease among elderly people now a days that might be because of genetic inheritance to some extent, carcinogens, pollution, and some infectious diseases. Whatever may be the reason, cancer is one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. In addition, over‐usage and improper usage of antibiotics have led to drug resistance of microbes. Further, inflammation is a cause of various diseases such as arthritis, and other diseases. Thus, proinflammatory kinases are considered as primary target for inhibition of inflammation. In view of this, a work that compiles potent pharmacology of recently reported pyrazolopyridine analogs has been planned. The review is aimed to discuss pharmacology in brief along with structure–activity relationship (SAR). The review would emphasize importance of pyrazolopyridines in future drug design and discovery and may help in design of potent pharmacological agents.
Pruritic rash following haploidentical stem cell transplantation
Authors: Salence Brogan Kelly , Turner Gareth D. H. , Stonard Christopher , Peniket Andrew , Danby Robert , Matin Rubeta N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA woman who had undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation presented with cutaneous features suggestive of graft-versus-host disease. Histopathological examination revealed a diffuse dermal infiltration of atypical monomorphic cells with a high proliferative index. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for monocytic markers, but negativity for T-cell markers.
Critical appraisal of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction application for noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Shekhawat Dolat Singh , Sharma Charu , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Pratibha , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Patwa Payal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaternal‐fetal medicine (FM) is currently a highly demanding branch and is gaining importance as increasing number of genetic disorders rise in incidence. Prenatal testing helps to detect such abnormalities that could affect the health status of the developing fetus like birth defects or genetic disorders. Considering the rising trend of genetic disorders, there is a need for a highly sensitive way of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) that may reduce the incidence of unnecessary invasive procedures and iatrogenic fetal loss. The concept of NIPT for screening of genetic disorders is continuously evolving over the last two decades and multiple techniques have come up to utilize this in the field of FM. The crucial factor which decides the accuracy of NIPS is cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) that is present in extremely low fraction (10%–15%) in the maternal plasma. Among the available methods, the next generation sequencing (NGS) is considered as the gold standard. However, the higher cost diminishes its utility in low‐resource settings. Droplet digital Polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a type of digital PCR is a novel technique that is frugal, equally sensitive, less labor intensive, less time‐consuming and plain algorithm dependent method for detecting cffDNA fraction. Considering these impressive attributes of ddPCR, we decided to critically review the existing literature on ddPCR for NIPT whilst highlighting the clinical utility, challenges and its advantages over NGS.
Genetic erosion detected in a specialist mammal living in a fast‐developing environment
Authors: Hohwieler Katrin R. , de Villiers Deidre L. , Cristescu Romane H. , Frere Celine H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFragmentation of habitat is a major threat across a wide range of taxa. Subsequent effects include reduced population sizes and isolation of populations. Both can have detrimental consequences for populations as they increase the risk of genetic erosion. While it is critical to prevent and, if required, reverse genetic erosion, we often lack adequate data to assess whether and how much genetic erosion has occurred. Here, we present a genetic monitoring study where we investigated changes in genetic diversity and genetic patterns in a threatened, specialist mammal, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Our study population inhabits an increasingly fragmented landscape and has experienced a sharp decline in population size within the past three decades. We used 1038 single nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNPs) to compare measures of genetic diversity between samples collected in 2018 and in 2006 (two generations prior) and investigated simultaneous changes in the environment. We found a decline in both heterozygosity and effective population size (Ne), and an increase in sub‐structuring, average relatedness, and inbreeding (FIS) alongside an increasingly threatening and more fragmented environment. Given the extent of genetic erosion in only two generations, we urge consideration for the implementation of mitigation measures for this population and for threatened populations in similar conditions. Our study further emphasizes the importance of effective management of at‐risk populations including monitoring of genetic erosion.
Sensitive caregiving and reward responsivity: A novel mechanism linking parenting and executive functions development in early childhood
Authors: Werchan Denise M. , Ku Seulki , Berry Daniel , Blair Clancy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSensitive caregiving is an essential aspect of positive parenting that influences executive functions development, but the mechanisms underlying this association are less clear. Using data from the Family Life Project, a large prospective longitudinal sample of 1292 families residing in rural, predominately low‐income communities, the current study examined whether sensitive caregiving impacts executive functions development by shaping behavioral reward processing systems in early postnatal life. Results indicated that higher levels of sensitive caregiving during infancy were associated with heightened reward responsivity at age 4, which in turn predicted superior executive functions ability at age 5. Notably, children's reward responsivity partially mediated the relationship between sensitive caregiving in infancy and executive functions ability at school entry. These findings add to prior work on early experience and children's executive functions and highlight caregiver scaffolding of developing reward processing systems as a potential foundational mechanism for supporting adaptive behavior and self‐regulation across the lifespan.
Effect of systemic antibiotic therapy on pulp repair following extrusive luxation and avulsion in a murine model: A histomorphological study
Authors: Queiroz Alfredo Franco , Hidalgo Mirian Marubayashi , Consolaro Alberto , Panzarini Sônia Regina , França Alline Batistussi , Melo Moriel Evangelista , Poi Wilson Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThe evidence for any benefit of systemic antibiotic therapy on pulp survival following extrusive luxation and avulsion is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotic therapy with amoxycillin and tetracycline for 7 days on different aspects of dental pulp repair in a murine model.Material and MethodsThe right maxillary incisor of 180 4 to 8‐week‐old male Wistar rats underwent extrusive luxation or avulsion. The animals were then treated with saline solution (control), tetracycline, or amoxicillin administered intra‐gastrically for 7 days, and euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days post‐operatively. The layer of odontoblast cells, reparative dentin deposition, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, pulp necrosis, and periapical inflammatory infiltrate were histomorphologically analyzed and scored. Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests were used to compare mean scores for the different procedures, treatments, and times (p ≤ .05).ResultsSignificant differences were observed between luxated and avulsed teeth (p < .05). In luxated teeth, no differences were observed among treatments and times, except for more tertiary dentin deposition in the coronal third with the use of tetracycline compared with amoxicillin at 15 days (p < .05). In avulsed teeth, higher scores for the layer of odontoblast cells and lower scores for periapical inflammatory infiltrate at 7 days and pulp necrosis at 7 and 15 days were observed in the amoxicillin group compared to the saline and tetracycline groups (p < .05). At 30 days, however, no differences were observed among treatments.ConclusionsThe use of systemic antibiotic therapy with tetracycline or amoxicillin for 7 days did not contribute to pulp repair following extrusive luxation or avulsion in rats. However, the results warrant further research into the use of amoxicillin for a more extended period of time in cases of avulsion.
Trophic Specialization on unique resources despite limited niche divergence in a celebrated example of sympatric speciation
Authors: Galvez Jacquelyn R. , St. John Michelle E. , McLean Keara , Dening Touokong Cyrille , Gonwouo Legrand Nono , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrophic niche partitioning is observed in many adaptive radiations and is hypothesised to be a central process underlying species divergence. However, patterns of dietary niche partitioning are inconsistent across radiations and there are few studies of niche partitioning in putative examples of sympatric speciation. Here, we conducted the first quantitative study of dietary niche partitioning using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses in one of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation: the cichlid radiation from crater lake Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. We found little evidence for trophic niche partitioning among cichlids, including the nine species coexisting in the narrow littoral zone. Stable isotope analyses supported these conclusions of substantial dietary overlap. Our data, however, did reveal that five of 11 species consume rare dietary items, including freshwater sponge, terrestrial ants, and nocturnal foraging on shrimp. Stomach contents of the spongivore (Pungu maclareni) were 20% freshwater sponge, notable considering that only 0.04% of all fishes consume sponges. Overall, we conclude that cichlid species in lake Barombi Mbo overlap considerably in broad dietary niches – in part due to the large proportion of detritus in the stomach contents of all species – but there is evidence for divergence among species in their diet specializations on unique resources. We speculate that these species may utilise these additional specialised resources during periods of low resource abundance in support of Liem's paradox.