bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shrinking Habitats and Native Species Loss Under Climate Change: A Multifactorial Risk Assessment of China's Inland Wetlands
Authors: Zhong Yehui , Xue Zhenshan , Davis Charles C. , Moreno‐Mateos David , Jiang Ming , Liu Bo , Wang Guodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWetlands are highly productive ecosystems that host unique biota and provide vital ecosystem services. Despite their critical importance, we still lack a fundamental understanding of factors controlling species suitability and climate change impacts in wetlands essential to conserving these imperiled ecosystems in the face of anthropogenic threats. Here, we applied ecological niche models (ENMs) inferred from a massive nationwide data set including field surveys and herbarium specimens representing 101 dominant plant species of China's inland wetlands, to explore the potential climate‐driven shifts in these ecosystems. Our optimal models applying machine learning and integrating key aspects of climate, soil, topographic hydrology, and anthropogenic disturbance, identified that (a) species of different types (e.g., woody/nonwoody) showed significant differences in their sensitivity to extracted key environmental factors (e.g., isothermality, water table depth) in wetlands; (b) native wetland species likely face habitat shrinkage under climate change, especially in Northeast China, as well as potential encroachment of xeric and nonnative species; (c) only less than 20% of projected conservation hotspots are currently protected. We propose four protection gaps that need to be addressed urgently in China's current wetland protection framework. This study clarifies the conservation priorities of China's inland wetlands and provides practical guidelines for the improvement of wetland conservation efforts.
Advantage of 30‐s‐Updating Numerical Weather Prediction With a Phased‐Array Weather Radar Over Operational Nowcast for a Convective Precipitation System
Authors: Honda T. , Amemiya A. , Otsuka S. , Taylor J. , Maejima Y. , Nishizawa S. , Yamaura T. , Sueki K. , Tomita H. , Miyoshi T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConvective precipitation systems in the summer often cause sudden heavy precipitation and largely affect various human activities, but the rapid evolution limits our predicting capability. Phased‐array weather radars (PAWRs) with a high spatiotemporal resolution are useful for observing such precipitation system. A recently developed numerical weather prediction (NWP) system assimilates PAWR observations with a 500‐m mesh NWP model. It initiates 30‐min extended forecasts every 30 s, much more frequently than the operational NWP and nowcasting systems. This study investigates the benefits of the 30‐s‐updating NWP system in a single but representative convective precipitation event in which a convective cloud developed within 10 min, and its evolution was not well predicted by operational precipitation nowcasting. The rapidly updating NWP system successfully predicts the evolution of the convective cloud. Assimilating the PAWR observations every 30 s continuously modifies the moisture and dynamical fields and improves the forecast accuracy consistently.
Aerial Observations and Numerical Simulations Confirm Density‐Driven Streamwise Vortices at a River Confluence
Authors: Duguay J. , Biron P. M. , Lacey J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen rivers collide, complex three‐dimensional coherent flow structures are generated along the confluence's mixing interface. These structures mix streamborne pollutants and suspended sediment and have considerable bearing on the morphology and habitat quality of the postconfluent reach. A particular structure of interest—streamwise orientated vortices (SOVs)—were first detected in numerical simulations to form in pairs, one on each side of the mixing interface rotating in the opposite sense of the other. Since, it has proven difficult to detect SOVs in situ with conventional pointwise velocimetry instrumentation. Despite the lack of clear evidence to confirm their existence, SOVs are nevertheless considered important drivers of mixing and sediment transport processes at confluences. Additionally, their causal mechanisms are not fully known which hinders a complete conceptual understanding of these processes. To address these gaps, we analyze observations of strongly coherent SOVs filmed in aerial drone video of a mesoscale confluence with a stark turbidity contrast between its tributaries. Eddy‐resolved modeling demonstrates the SOVs' dynamics could only be accurately reproduced when a density difference (Δρ) was imposed between the tributaries (Δρ = 0.5 kg/m3)—providing compelling evidence the observed SOVs are indeed a novel density‐driven class of SOV. This work confirms that SOVs exist, expands understanding of their generative processes and highlights the important role of small density gradients (e.g., ≤0.5 kg/m3) on river confluence hydrodynamics.
Oxygen Propagation Fronts in Porous Media Under Evaporative Conditions at the Soil/Atmosphere Interface: Lab‐Scale Experiments and Model‐Based Interpretation
Authors: Ahmadi Navid , Acocella Michela , Fries Elisabeth , Mosthaf Klaus , Rolle Massimo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe interchange of gas components and volatile compounds between terrestrial and atmospheric compartments is critical for biogeochemical cycles and has important environmental and climate implications. In this study, we focus on oxygen and we explore the coupling between oxygen mass transfer and evaporation at the soil/atmosphere interface. We performed well‐controlled single‐phase and two‐phase laboratory experiments to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of oxygen fronts and to elucidate the coupling between mass and heat transfer in porous media with different grain sizes and under different evaporative conditions (i.e., no evaporation, natural, and enhanced evaporation). We also developed a non‐isothermal multiphase and multicomponent model to quantitatively interpret the experimental outcomes. The experiments and modeling allowed us to characterize the effects of external forcing (i.e., temperature gradients, humidity conditions) and internal factors (e.g., grain size) on the transport and distribution of oxygen in the different setups. Depth‐resolved spatial profiles and breakthrough curves of oxygen in the two‐phase experiments with evaporation are notably different from the single‐phase experiments due to the progressive gas invasion. The two‐phase experiments reveal a stepwise propagation pattern of oxygen that migrates considerably faster and penetrates deeper in the porous media in contrast to the relatively slow diffusion‐dominated transport regime in the absence of evaporation. The outcomes also show deeper and faster oxygen propagation in finer‐textured porous media under similar evaporative conditions, indicating the importance of internal factors for the distribution of the fluid phases and for the migration behavior of gas components in two‐phase systems.
The Impact of the Indian Ocean Basin Mode on Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration in Interannual Time Scales
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Vihma Timo , Sui Cuijuan , Sun Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic sea ice variability has been linked to tropical sea surface temperature. However, little is known as to whether and how the Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) influences Antarctic sea ice changes. We revealed the existence of a teleconnection between the IOMB and Antarctic sea ice anomalies, which is much stronger in austral spring and autumn than summer and winter. In particular, under the positive phase of the IOBM, significant positive sea ice anomalies occur in the Bellingshausen and northern Weddell Seas, in contrast to negative anomalies in the Amundsen Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean, and the coastal seas off Dronning Maud Land. This teleconnection is established by planetary wavetrains excited over the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean and is modulated by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. The IOBM‐related Antarctic sea ice anomalies are largely consistent with those of the anomalous surface air temperature and wind fields associated with the IOBM.
Interplate Coupling and Seismic Potential in the Atacama Seismic Gap (Chile): Dismissing a Rigid Andean Sliver
Authors: Yáñez‐Cuadra V. , Ortega‐Culaciati F. , Moreno M. , Tassara A. , Krumm‐Nualart N. , Ruiz J. , Maksymowicz A. , Manea M. , Manea V. C. , Geng J. , Benavente R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeodetically constrained interseismic interplate coupling has been widely used to assess seismic potential in subduction zones. Modeling interseismic deformation is challenging, as it involves interplate coupling and often ignores continental internal deformation processes. We present a novel methodology to jointly estimate interplate coupling along with upper plate rigid motion and surface strain, constrained by GNSS‐derived velocities. We use a least squares inversion with a spatially variable Equal Posterior Information Condition Tikhonov regularization, accounting for observational and elastic structure uncertainties. Our modeling reveals three megathrust regions with high tsunamigenic earthquake potential located within the Atacama Seismic Gap (Chile). This study indicates the presence of a downdip segmentation located just above the 1995 (Mw8.0) Antofagasta earthquake rupture, raising concerns for the potential of tsunamigenic earthquake occurrence at shallower depths. Additionally, we show that surface motion is dominated by strain, with rather negligible rigid motion, dismissing the rigid Andean microplate model typically assumed in previous studies.
The Influence of Sub‐Footprint Cloudiness on Three‐Dimensional Horizontal Wind From Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Observations
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yurong , Di Di , Ma Zheng , Li Zhenglong , Schmit Timothy J. , Menzel W. Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadiance measurements from a geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder (GeoHIS) with high temporal resolution not only provide a continuous weather cube of atmospheric temperature and moisture information at different pressure levels, but also enable derivation of three‐dimensional (3D) horizontal winds by tracking atmospheric water vapor features. However, GeoHIS radiances are influenced by sub‐footprint cloudiness, which needs to be considered in tracking the moisture features for deriving the atmospheric wind fields. By combining the collocated high spatial resolution cloud information from an imager onboard the same platform, the 3D horizontal wind retrievals can be improved, and the influence of sub‐footprint cloudiness on winds can be quantified for better applications. Using data from the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder onboard the same experimental geostationary satellite Fengyun‐4A, it is found that 3D horizontal wind retrievals can be derived under both clear and partially clear skies with reasonable accuracy. Sub‐footprint cloud information provides noticeable improvement in wind retrievals; higher/lower clouds have more/less influence while thicker/thinner clouds have more/less influence, respectively, on the wind product. The sub‐footprint cloudiness (cloud‐top pressure and cloud coverage) provides a good indication of the quality flag for quantitative applications of the 3D horizontal wind product.
Complex Rupture and Triggered Aseismic Creep During the 14 August 2021 Haiti Earthquake From Satellite Geodesy
Authors: Maurer J. , Dutta R. , Vernon A. , Vajedian S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 2021 August 14 MW 7.2 Nippes, Haiti earthquake occurred 75 km west of the epicenter of the 2010 Leogane earthquake (Haiti) on the transpressive Caribbean ‐ North America plate boundary. We present an updated fault map for Hispaniola and model coseismic and early postseismic fault slip using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and pixel offsets. We find the earthquake ruptured multiple segments of the Enriquillo‐Plantain Garden Fault Zone. Slip occurred in two main sub‐events on either side of a restraining bend at Pic Macaya, with ∼2.7 m of peak reverse‐slip east of the bend. To the west, slip jumps the restraining bend and further ruptures with ∼1.2 m of left‐lateral slip. Afterslip in the 4 days following the event occurred at shallow depth and adjacent to the coseismic rupture areas and reached the surface east of Pic Macaya.
Effect of an interactive mobile health support system and daily weight measurements for pediatric obesity treatment, a 1-year pragmatical clinical trial
Authors: Hagman Emilia , Johansson Linnea , Kollin Claude , Marcus Erik , Drangel Andreas , Marcus Love , Marcus Claude , Danielsson Pernilla 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pediatric obesity lifestyle treatment is not always successful. Frequent clinical visits are of major importance to certify sufficient effect but are difficult due to the associated costs and the great demands on families. We hypothesized that an interactive digital support may reduce the need for frequent physical visits. The aim of the study was to assess 1-year weight outcome for patients using a digital support system compared with standard care.

Methods
An obesity lifestyle treatment with a digital support system was implemented in one clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Measurements from a custom-made body scale without digits for daily home measurement of weights were transferred via Bluetooth to a mobile application, where BMI Z-score was calculated and presented graphically with an individualized weight loss target curve. An automatic transfer of data to the web-based clinic interface enables a close monitoring of treatment progress, and frequent written communication between the clinical staff and families via the application. One-year outcome was compared with a randomly retrieved, age and sex matched control group from the Swedish childhood obesity treatment register (BORIS), which received standard treatment at other clinics. Main outcome was change in BMI Z-score and missing data was imputed.

Results
107 children were consecutively included to digi-physical treatment and 321 children to standard care. Age range 4.1–17.4 years (67% males). The attrition rate was 36% and 46% respectively, p = 0.08. After 1 year, the mean ± SD change in BMI Z-score in the treatment group was −0.30 ± 0.39 BMI Z-score units and in the standard care group −0.15 ± 0.28, p = 0.0002. The outcome was better for both sexes and all age groups in the digi-physical treated group.

Conclusion
A digital support system with a personalized weight-loss target curve and daily weight measurements shared by the family and the clinic is more effective than a standard care childhood obesity treatment.

Clinicaltrial.gov ID
NCT04323215
Machine learning for understanding and predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants: a systematic review
Authors: Baker Stephanie , Kandasamy Yogavijayan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Machine learning has been attracting increasing attention for use in healthcare applications, including neonatal medicine. One application for this tool is in understanding and predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. In this study, we have carried out a systematic review to identify findings and challenges to date.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Four databases were searched in February 2022, with articles then screened in a non-blinded manner by two authors.

Results
The literature search returned 278 studies, with 11 meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Convolutional neural networks were the most common machine learning approach, with most studies seeking to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes from images and connectomes describing brain structure and function. Studies to date also sought to identify features predictive of outcomes; however, results varied greatly.

Conclusions
Initial studies in this field have achieved promising results; however, many machine learning techniques remain to be explored, and the consensus is yet to be reached on which clinical and brain features are most predictive of neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Impact

This systematic review looks at the question of whether machine learning can be used to predict and understand neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.

Our review finds that promising initial works have been conducted in this field, but many challenges and opportunities remain.

Quality assessment of relevant articles is conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

This work identifies challenges that remain and suggests several key directions for future research.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review to explore this topic.
Threat reversal learning and avoidance habits in generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Roberts Clark , Apergis-Schoute Annemieke M. , Bruhl Annette , Nowak Magda , Baldwin David S. , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAvoidance and heightened responses to perceived threats are key features of anxiety disorders. These disorders are characterised by inflexibility in dynamically updating behavioural and physiological responses to aversively conditioned cues or environmental contexts which are no longer objectively threatening, often manifesting in perseverative avoidance. However, less is known about how anxiety disorders might differ in adjusting to threat and safety shifts in the environment or how idiosyncratic avoidance responses are learned and persist. Twenty-eight patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), without DSM co-morbidities, and 27 matched healthy controls were administered two previously established paradigms: Pavlovian threat reversal and shock avoidance habits through overtraining (assessed following devaluation with measures of perseverative responding). For both tasks we used subjective report scales and skin conductance responses (SCR). In the Pavlovian threat reversal task, patients with GAD showed a significantly overall higher SCR as well as a reduced differential SCR response compared to controls in the early but not late reversal phase. During the test of habitual avoidance responding, GAD patients did not differ from controls in task performance, habitual active avoidance responses during devaluation, or corresponding SCR during trials, but showed a trend toward more abstract confirmatory subjective justifications for continued avoidance following the task. GAD patients exhibited significantly greater skin conductance responses to signals of threat than controls, but did not exhibit the major deficits in reversal and safety signal learning shown previously by patients with OCD. Moreover, this patient group, again unlike OCD patients, did not show evidence of altered active avoidance learning or enhanced instrumental avoidance habits. Overall, these findings indicate no deficits in instrumental active avoidance or persistent avoidance habits, despite enhanced responses to Pavlovian threat cues in GAD. They suggest that GAD is characterised by passive, and not excessively rigid, avoidance styles.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors alone vs immune checkpoint inhibitors—combined chemotherapy for NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yimin , Han Hedong , Zhang Fang , Lv Tangfeng , Zhan Ping , Ye Mingxiang , Song Yong , Liu Hongbing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
We indirectly compared the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone (ICI) and ICI-combined chemotherapy (chemo-ICI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (defined as tumour proportion score ≥50% or TC3/IC3) through network meta-analyses.

Methods
Through literature searches, we shortlisted 22 randomised controlled trials encompassing 4289 patients, with objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) set as the primary outcomes. The dichotomous data for ORR and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS and PFS were extracted.

Results
We found that chemo-ICI had significantly improved ORR (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and PFS (HR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.48–0.74) relative to ICI. Although no significant difference in OS was observed, the analyses revealed that the chemo-ICI patients tended to undergo fewer progression events than ICI patients (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.6–1.1). In subgroup analysis, the non-squamous, PD-1 inhibitor and first-line treatment cohorts exhibited significant differences in ORR and PFS, but not in OS. However, in the squamous, PD-L1 inhibitor, and previously treated cohorts, PFS, OS and ORR were not different between chemo-ICI and ICI patients.

Conclusions
In conclusion, for non-squamous NSCLC patients, accepting PD-1 as the first-line treatment may be a relatively better option.
Blocking connexin 43 and its promotion of ATP release from renal tubular epithelial cells ameliorates renal fibrosis
Authors: Xu Huzi , Wang Meng , Li Yinzheng , Shi Mengxia , Wang Zheng , Cao Chujin , Hong Yu , Hu Bin , Zhu Han , Zhao Zhi , Chu Xiaoxin , Zhu Fan , Deng Xuan , Wu Jianliang , Zhao Fenfei , Guo Jing , Wang Yuxi , Pei Guangchang , Zhu Fengming , Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Juan , Yao Ying , Zeng Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhether metabolites derived from injured renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) participate in renal fibrosis is poorly explored. After TEC injury, various metabolites are released and among the most potent is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is released via ATP-permeable channels. In these hemichannels, connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most common member. However, its role in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) has not been fully examined. We analyzed renal samples from patients with obstructive nephropathy and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Cx43-KSP mice were generated to deplete Cx43 in TECs. Through transcriptomics, metabolomics, and single-cell sequencing multi-omics analysis, the relationship among tubular Cx43, ATP, and macrophages in renal fibrosis was explored. The expression of Cx43 in TECs was upregulated in both patients and mice with obstructive nephropathy. Knockdown of Cx43 in TECs or using Cx43-specific inhibitors reduced UUO-induced inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that ATP specific receptors, including P2rx4 and P2rx7, were distributed mainly on macrophages. We found that P2rx4- or P2rx7-positive macrophages underwent pyroptosis after UUO, and in vitro ATP directly induced pyroptosis by macrophages. The administration of P2 receptor or P2X7 receptor blockers to UUO mice inhibited macrophage pyroptosis and demonstrated a similar degree of renoprotection as Cx43 genetic depletion. Further, we found that GAP 26 (a Cx43 hemichannel inhibitor) and A-839977 (an inhibitor of the pyroptosis receptor) alleviated UUO-induced fibrosis, while BzATP (the agonist of pyroptosis receptor) exacerbated fibrosis. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that the pyroptotic macrophages upregulated the release of CXCL10, which activated intrarenal fibroblasts. Cx43 mediates the release of ATP from TECs during renal injury, inducing peritubular macrophage pyroptosis, which subsequently leads to the release of CXCL10 and activation of intrarenal fibroblasts and acceleration of renal fibrosis.