bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal performances evaluation of a flat‐plate solar collector using microencapsulated phase‐change slurry as heat transfer medium
Authors: Ran Fengming , Zhang Huan , Xu Changlu , Fang Guiyin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMicroencapsulated phase‐change slurry (MPCS) is composed of microencapsulation phase‐change materials (MPCM) and carrying medium (water), which can be used for heat transfer and thermal energy storage. Some theoretical and experimental works have been proposed on the thermal energy storage and flow performance of MPCS. However, there are few studies on the performances of MPCS in the thermal energy devices (eg, solar collector). In present work, the numerical model of a flat‐plate solar collector with MPCS as the thermal energy storage fluid was established. Then, the effects of mass fraction of MPCS, latent heat and solar radiation on thermal efficiency, and pumping power consumption of the solar collector model were studied. The simulations indicated that the thermal efficiency of the solar collector model was positively correlated with the mass fraction and latent heat, but decreased with the increase of solar radiation. When the inlet flow rate, mass concentration, latent heat and solar radiation of the MPCS were set to 0.01 m/s, 5.90%, 88 kJ/kg and 300 W/m2, respectively, thermal efficiency of the solar collector model was the largest, which was 0.711. Moreover, the pumping power consumption was mainly affected by inlet flow rate and mass fraction of MPCS.
Post hoc power is not informative
Authors: Heinsberg Lacey W. , Weeks Daniel E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPost hoc power estimates are often requested by reviewers and/or performed by researchers after a study has been conducted. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a heuristic explanation of why post hoc power should not be used. To illustrate our point, we provide a detailed simulation study of two essentially identical research experiments hypothetically conducted in parallel at two separate universities. The simulation demonstrates that post hoc power calculations are misleading and simply not informative for data interpretation. As such, we encourage authors and peer‐reviewers to avoid using or requesting post hoc power calculations.
Computational mechanistic studies on persulfate assisted p‐phenylenediamine polymerization
Authors: Abdullayev Yusif , Rzayev Ramil , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: June 2022

Abstractp‐Phenylenediamine (p‐PDA) is a monomer of many important polymers such as kevlar, twaron, poly‐p‐PDA. Most of the noticed polymers formation is initiated by a free‐radical, but their polymerization mechanism is not elucidated computationally. The proposed study helps to fully understand the frequently utilized initiator/oxidant, potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) role in the aromatic diamines polymerization, which support experimental protocols, and a polymer scope. The formation of the poly‐p‐PDA is studied with the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP‐D3 functional using experimental polymerization parameters (0°C and aqueous media). K2S2O8 initiated free‐radical polymerization of p‐PDA is studied in detail, taking into account sulfate free‐radical (SO4−)·, SFR, persulfate anion (S2O8)2−, PA and K2S2O8 cluster, PP. The reaction mechanism is calculated as the conversion of p‐PDA to free‐radical, the p‐PDA free‐radical attack to the next p‐PDA (dimerization), ammonia extrusion from the dimer adduct, the dimer adduct conversion to the free‐radical (completion of p‐PDA polymerization cycle) for the polymer chain elongation. Calculations show that the dimerization step is the rate‐limiting step with a 29.2 kcal/mol energy barrier when SFR initiates polymerization. In contrast, the PA‐assisted dimerization energy barrier is only 12.7 kcal/mol. PP supported polymerization is calculated to have very shallow energy barriers completing the polymerization cycle, i.e., dimerization (TS2K, ∆G‡ = 11.6 kcal/mol) and ammonia extrusion (TS3K, ∆G‡ = 6.7 kcal/mol).
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Predict Ki67 Discordance Between Core Needle Biopsy and Surgical Samples
Authors: Wei Wenjuan , Ji Yinan , Tang Zhi , Huang Xiangyang , Zhang Wei , Luo Ningbin 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDisagreement in assessments of Ki67 expression based on core‐needle biopsy and matched surgical samples complicates decisions in the treatment of breast cancer.PurposeTo examine whether preoperative breast MRI could be useful in predicting Ki67 discordance between core‐needle biopsy and surgical samples.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThree hundred and sixty‐five breast cancer patients with MRI scans and having both core‐needle biopsy and surgical samples from 2017 to 2019.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, T2‐weighted iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation sequence, diffusion‐weighted sequence using b‐values 0/1000, dynamic contrast enhanced image by volume imaged breast assessme NT.AssessmentWe collected clinicopathologic variables and preoperative MRI features (tumor size, lesion type, shape of mass, spiculated margin, internal enhancement, peri‐tumoral edema, intra‐tumoral necrosis, multifocal/multicentric, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] minimum, ADC mean, ADC maximum, ADC difference).Statistical TestsK‐means clustering, multivariable logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsSixty‐one patients showed Ki67 discordance and 304 patients show Ki67 concordance according to our definition using K‐means clustering. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the following parameters were independently associated with Ki67 discordance: peri‐tumoral edema, odds ratio (OR) 2.662, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.432–4.948; ADCmin ≤ 0.829 × 10−3 mm2/sec, OR 2.180, 95% CI 1.075–4.418; and ADCdiff > 0.317 × 10−3 mm2/sec, OR 3.365, 95% CI 1.698–6.669. This multivariable model resulted in an AUC of 0.758 (95% CI 0.711–0.802) with sensitivity and specificity being 0.803 and 0.621, respectively.ConclusionPresence of peri‐tumoral edema, smaller ADCmin and greater ADCdiff in preoperative breast MRI may indicate high risk of Ki67 discordance between core‐needle biopsy and surgical samples. For patients with these MRI‐based risk factors, clinicians should not rely on Ki67 assessment only from core‐needle biopsy.
Magnetization Transfer BOOST Noncontrast Angiography Improves Pulmonary Vein Imaging in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rashid Imran , Ginami Giulia , Nordio Giovanna , Fotaki Anastasia , Neji Radhouene , Alam Harith , Pushparajah Kuberan , Frigiola Alessandra , Valverde Israel , Botnar René M. , Prieto Claudia 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCardiac MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Gadolinium‐based contrast agents are often needed to overcome flow‐related and off‐resonance artifacts that can impair the quality of conventional noncontrast 3D imaging. As serial imaging is often required in CHD, the development of robust noncontrast 3D MRI techniques is desirable.PurposeTo assess the clinical utility of noncontrast enhanced magnetization transfer and inversion recovery prepared 3D free‐breathing sequence (MTC‐BOOST) compared to conventional 3D whole heart imaging in patients with CHD.Study typeProspective, image quality.PopulationA total of 27 adult patients (44% female, mean age 30.9 ± 14.8 years) with CHD.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T; free‐breathing 3D MTC‐BOOST sequence.AssessmentMTC‐BOOST was compared to diaphragmatic navigator‐gated, noncontrast T2 prepared 3D whole‐heart imaging sequence (T2prep‐3DWH) for comparison of vessel dimensions, lumen‐to‐myocardium contrast ratio (CR), and image quality (vessel wall sharpness and presence and type of artifacts) assessed by two experienced cardiologists on a 5‐point scale.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney test, paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Bland–Altman plots. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMTC‐BOOST significantly improved image quality and CR of the right‐sided pulmonary veins (PV): (CR: right upper PV 1.06 ± 0.50 vs. 0.58 ± 0.74; right lower PV 1.32 ± 0.38 vs. 0.81 ± 0.73) compared to conventional T2prep‐3DWH imaging where the PVs were not visualized in some cases due to off‐resonance effects. MTC‐BOOST demonstrated resistance to degradation of luminal signal (assessed by CR) secondary to accelerated or turbulent flow conditions. T2prep‐3DWH had higher image quality scores than MTC‐BOOST for the aorta and coronary arteries; however, great vessel dimensions derived from MTC‐BOOST showed excellent agreement with standard T2prep‐3DWH imaging.Data ConclusionMTC‐BOOST allows for improved contrast‐free imaging of pulmonary veins and regions characterized by accelerated or turbulent blood flow compared to standard T2prep‐3DWH imaging, with excellent agreement of great vessel dimensions.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Outcomes in elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease. A report from the Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry
Authors: Kotalczyk Agnieszka , Guo Yutao , Fawzy Ameenathul M. , Wang Yutang , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are closely related; CAD may precede or complicate the clinical course of AF.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of CAD on clinical outcomes among elderly Chinese AF patients.MethodsThe ChiOTEAF registry is a prospective registry conducted in 44 sites from 20 provinces in China between October 2014 and December 2018. Primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause mortality/any thromboembolism (TE)/major bleeding/acute coronary syndrome (ACS).ResultsThe eligible cohort for this analysis included 6403 individuals (mean age 74.8 ± 10.7; 39.2% female); of these, 3058 (47.8%) had a history of CAD. On multivariate analysis, CAD was independently associated with a higher odds ratio for ACS (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.12–3.52) without a significant impact on other adverse outcomes. Independent variables associated with the composite outcome among CAD patients were: (i) the use of OAC (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42–0.72), age (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.08–1.11), heart failure (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.51–2.50), prior ischemic stroke (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.64), chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.32–2.22), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06–1.89).ConclusionsAF patients with CAD were at an increased risk of developing ACS but there was no significant difference in the composite outcome, all cause death, cardiovascular death, thromboembolic events or major bleeding compared to the non‐CAD group. OAC use was inversely associated with adverse events, yet their uptake was poor in the AF‐CAD population.
Cosmos white rot: First characterization, physiology, host range, disease resistance, and chemical control
Authors: Jahan Rebeka , Siddique Shaikh S. , Jannat Rayhanur , Hossain Md. Motaher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new disease of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. causing external and internal stem discoloration, premature death, and wilting was observed in 27.8% of plants with an average disease severity rating of 4.4 in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Morphological, pathological, and molecular analyses identified the isolated fungus as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, the causative agent of white rot disease. The optimum growth and sclerotium formation of S. sclerotiorum occurred at 20°C and pH 5.0, while glucose, peptone, yeast extract, casein, and ascorbic acid were the appropriate nutrient sources. Furthermore, mycelial growth and sclerotial development were favored in media containing potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. As many as 20 plant species of 10 families; Calendula officinalisi, Chrysanthemum indicum, Catharanthus roseus, Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, S. melongena, Capsicum annum, Lablab purpureus, Phaseolus vulgari, Lens culinaris, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Daucus carota, Raphanus sativus, Brassica juncea, Punica granatum, Spinacia oleracea, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea aquatica, and Elaeocarpus serratus were identified as the new hosts of the pathogen in Bangladesh. None of the C. sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnatus germplasms screened were genetically resistant to the pathogen. Among the tested fungicides, Autostin 50 WDG (carbendazim) and Rovral (Dicarboxamide) were most inhibitory to the fungus, while Autostin 50 WDG provided an efficient control of the pathogen in vivo up to 15 days after spray. The acquired results on characterization, physiology, host range, resistance, and fungicidal control of the pathogen could be valuable for effectively managing cosmos white rot in the field.
State of the art of nuclear transfer technologies for assisting mammalian reproduction
Authors: Gambini Andrés , Briski Olinda , Canel Natalia Gabriela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe transfer of nuclear genomic DNA from a cell to a previously enucleated oocyte or zygote constitutes one of the main tools for studying epigenetic reprogramming, nucleus–cytoplasm compatibility, pluripotency state, and for genetic preservation or edition in animals. More than 50 years ago, the first experiences in nuclear transfer began to reveal that factors stored in the cytoplasm of oocytes could reprogram the nucleus of another cell and support the development of an embryo with new genetic information. Furthermore, when the nuclear donor cell is an oocyte, egg, or a zygote, the implementation of these technologies acquires clinical relevance for patients with repeated failures in ART associated with poor oocyte quality or mitochondrial dysfunctions. This review describes the current state, scope, and future perspectives of nuclear transfer techniques currently available for assisting mammal reproduction.
Direct comparison of gradient Fidelity and acoustic noise of the same MRI system at 3 T and 0.75 T
Authors: Dillinger Hannes , Kozerke Sebastian , Guenthner Christian 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo analyze the difference between gradient fidelity and acoustic noise of the same MRI scanner operated at product field strength (3 T) and lower field strength (0.75 T).MethodsGradient modulation transfer functions (GMTFs) were measured using a four‐slice 2D phase‐encoded chirp‐based sequence on the same scanner operated at 3 T and, following ramp‐down, at 0.75 T with identical gradient specifications (40 mT/m, 200 T/m/s). Calibrated audio measurements were performed at both field strengths to correlate audio spectra with GMTFs.ResultsWhile eddy currents were independent of field strength, mechanical resonances were substantially decreased at lower field, resulting in a reduction of GMTF distortions by up to 95% (88% on average) at the mechanical resonances of the gradient system. Audio spectra amplitudes were reduced by up to 87% when comparing 0.75 T versus 3 T.ConclusionLower static fields lead to reduced Lorentz forces on the gradient coil and, in turn, to reduced mechanical resonances, thereby improving gradient fidelity. Simultaneously, the reduction of acoustic noise may help to improve patient comfort.
Effect of Doping on Rutile TiO2 Surface Stability and Crystal Shapes
Authors: Gomer Anna , Bredow Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal‐(TM‐)doped TiO2 has been considered as promising electrode material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). OER activity is expected to depend on the coordination of the surface atoms. In this study, we theoretically investigate the stability of low‐index surfaces of TM‐doped rutile, (110), (100), (101) and (001), with 50 % of the Ti atoms substituted by Sc, Y, V, Nb or Ta. For Sc and Y, we also consider models with O vacancies providing the most stable oxidation state of Sc and Y. Surface energies are calculated with DFT(+U). Based on the Gibbs‐Wulff theorem, the shape of the single crystals is predicted. It is observed that p‐doping leads to spontaneous oxygen loss and O vacancies cause surface reconstruction. The Wulff shapes of n‐doped TiO2 have smaller contributions of the (110) facet and, for Nb and Ta, larger contributions of other facets. Given the higher coordinative unsaturation of the TM atoms in the latter, a higher catalytic activity is expected.
Essential oils as natural root‐repellent herbicides for drip irrigation systems
Authors: Balboul Tal , Ophir Amos , Dotan Ana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture creates severe ecological and environmental threats. Several essential oils (EOs) (Thymol, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Eugenol) were investigated as natural herbicides, and their potential use as a substitute for synthetic and toxic chemicals for preventing roots intrusion in subsurface drip irrigation systems. To overcome their high volatility and to increase their thermal stability during processing, multiphase hybrid blends based on polymer/nanoclays (NCs) were prepared, enabling control of the EOs migration rate from the final active film. Germination experiments on mash bean seeds in open and closed systems have been conducted to evaluate the EOs efficacy as germination inhibitors. The amount of EO remaining in the films, after processing and for varying timepoints, was determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy through extraction. From these two experiment's results, we identified Thymol as the most effective herbicide. The effects of polymers/Thymol affinity and organoclay polarity were investigated to achieve a slow‐release effect. Linear low‐density polyethylene/polyamide 6 system showed better efficiency compared to the linear low‐density polyethylene in retaining Thymol during processing due to the thermodynamic affinity of the polyamide 6 phase with Thymol. NCs have been found to be nuclear foci during the first thermal process to obtain smaller highly surface voids allowing better absorption of the Thymol during the second thermal processing. NC Cloisite 15A showed better dispersion in the polymer matrix and improved chemical affinity between the nanocomposite and the Thymol. As a result, Thymol's desorption was delayed and a controlled release was obtained. Eventually, it was concluded that Thymol could be a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic herbicides and use as root‐repellent agent.
Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanobowls Toward Combined Chemo‐ and Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Acter Shahinur , Jahan Nazneen , Vidallon Mark Louis P. , Teo Boon Mian , Tabor Rico F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects in cancer treatment, multimodal therapies are increasingly desired. In particular, combined chemo‐ and photothermal therapy has been developed as an approach with significantly higher therapeutic efficacy. However, long‐term cytotoxicity arising particularly from poor biodegradability of the nanoparticles typically used for such treatment remains a challenge. In the present in vitro study, a new approach targeted toward cancer treatment that combines chemo‐ and photothermal therapy using bio‐derived polydopamine (PDA) bowl‐shaped mesoporous nanoparticles with exceptional biocompatibility is indicated. The potential of PDA mesoporous nanobowls as a new chemo‐ and photothermal agent was explored by loading the anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) into nanobowls and investigating their photothermal performance upon near‐infrared (NIR) illumination. Strikingly, DOX loaded nanobowls show significantly higher pharmaceutical cytotoxicity to HeLa cells in vitro in comparison with free DOX due to their preferential uptake into cells. Following this with photothermal treatment resulted in nearly 100% cell death from the combined treatment of DOX loaded nanobowls and NIR illumination. This first step highlights the potential of PDA mesoporous nanobowls as a scaffold for combined chemo‐ and photothermal therapy for cancer treatment that offers new opportunities for combined physicochemical therapies to treat advanced disease states.
Oxidizability Enhancement of Hydroxyl Terminated Polyether Polyurethane Elastomers via Fluoroalcohols Grafting
Authors: Shen Chen , Yan Shi , Sun Xiaole , Tan Yanwei , Ou Yapeng , Jiao Qingjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of fluoroalcohol grafted hydroxyl‐terminated polyether (HTPE) polyurethanes (PU) elastomers were synthesized by a two‐step method. The reaction progress was investigated by chemical titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The glass transition temperature (Tg), mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal decomposition behavior were determined for the preliminary analysis of PUs; the oxidizability property was tested by the decomposition of PU/Al composites. The results of mechanical and morphology properties demonstrated that the mechanical strength of modified PU elastomers was effectively improved for microphase separation of the hard segment. The PU film with the optimized fluoroalcohol content shows excellent performance of 17.7 MPa (tensile strength) and 547 % (elongation at break) at room temperature. Analysis of the thermal behaviors suggests that the oxidation ability of the modified PU is enhanced by the strong electronegativity of fluorine. The oxidizing gas HF, CFx, released during fluoroalcohol decomposition reacts with the alumina shell, releasing internal reactive Al, which improves the activity of the aluminum. This study might provide a new idea for utilizing high‐performance polymer binders in composite solid propellants and casting explosives.
The Crystal Transformation of α‐HNIW Coated with Different Coatings
Authors: Li Shengwei , Guo Xueyong , Pan Qi , Wu Chengcheng , Zhang Honglei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, varying coatings including rubber binders, plasticizers, and dopamine derivatives have been well coated on the surface of α‐HNIW via the application of water suspension and in‐situ coating method, and the influence of different coatings on the crystal transformation of α‐HNIW has been studied. SEM, DSC, and XRD have been performed for the characterization of the coated α‐HNIW. The results demonstrate that rubber binders have inhibitory effects on the crystal transformation of α‐HNIW, and the inhibitory effect is ranked as NR>BR>EPDM. While the four plasticizers have promoted the crystal transformation of α‐HNIW, and the promoting effect is ranked as DOS>IDP>DOA>RH. Dopamine derivatives have been innovatively used to coat α‐HNIW, which have formed a stable polymer film on the surface of α‐HNIW and result in delayed crystal transformation temperature. In the meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of dopamine derivatives is greater than that of rubber binders with a ranking as PDA>PNE>PLD>POHDA.