bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of weaning failure in case of VA ECMO implantation
Authors: Cusanno Axelle , Aissaoui Nadia , Minville Vincent , Porterie Jean , Biendel Caroline , Volle Kim , Crognier Laure , Conil Jean-Marie , Delmas Clément 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) for the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock has increased significantly. Nevertheless, early weaning may be advisable to reduce the potential for severe complications. Only a few studies focusing on ECMO weaning predictors are currently available. Our objective was to evaluate factors that may help predict failure during VA ECMO weaning. We included 57 patients on VA ECMO support previously considered suitable for weaning based on specific criteria. Clinical, haemato-chemical and echocardiographic assessment was considered before and after a “weaning test” (ECMO flow < 2 L/min for at least 60 min). ECMO removal was left to the discretion of the medical team blinded to the results. Weaning failure was defined as a patient who died or required a new VA ECMO, heart transplant or LVAD 30 days after ECMO removal. Thirty-six patients (63.2%) were successfully weaned off VA ECMO, of whom 31 (54.4%) after the first weaning test. In case of first test failure, 3 out of 7 patients could be weaned after a 2nd test and 3 out of 4 patients after a 3rd test. Pre-existing ischemic heart disease (OR 9.6 [1.1–83]), pre-test left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 25% and/or post-test LVEF ≤ 40% (OR 11 [0.98–115]), post-test systolic blood pressure ≤ 120 mmHg (OR 33 [3–385]), or length of ECMO support > 7 days (OR 24 [2–269]) were predictors of weaning failure. The VA ECMO weaning test failed in less than 40% of patients considered suitable for weaning. Clinical and echocardiographic criteria, which are easily accessible by a non-expert intensivist, may help increase the probability of successful weaning.
Doing remembering as a multimodal accomplishment
Authors: Pfänder Stefan , Freyburger Philipp , Marzo Daniela , Satti Ignacio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates how remembering is publicly displayed during storytelling in Oral History Interviews with Italian-speaking witnesses of labor camps during WWII. We focus on the use of the first-person indicativemi ricordo(‘I remember’). In this particular narrative genre,mi ricordois recurrently used by narrators, as it makes the act of remembering publicly accessible. Drawing upon the methods of Interactional Linguistics, we identify two practices involving the use ofmi ricordo: projecting the transition to the narration of a specific episode and displaying epistemic credibility towards facts. We argue that these practices correspond respectively to prospective and retrospective scopes ofmi ricordo. Furthermore, a fine-grained multimodal analysis shows that narrators make the scopes ofmi ricordorecognizable through recurrent multimodal gestalts, which encompass verbal, prosodic and bodily resources. In the discussion, we argue that the recognizable gestalts are routinized ways of dealing with the emergent character of remembering in oral history interviews and with the interactional tasks that are relevant in this particular communicative genre. The findings highlight that doing remembering is a multimodal accomplishment.
Support for cancer prevention public health policies: results from a nationally representative sample of residents in the United States
Authors: Glasgow Trevin E , Miller Carrie A , McGuire Kandace P , Freudenberger Devon C , Fuemmeler Bernard F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Assessing public support of health policies designed to reduce cancer risk is important for policy implementation. This study aimed to identify support for cancer prevention policies and factors associated with support. Data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Support for three types of cancer prevention policies were evaluated: tobacco, alcohol, and junk food regulations. Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the relationship between support for the different types of policies and sociodemographic, lifestyle behaviors, and cancer beliefs. Certain policies, such as providing warning labels on cigarettes (69.9% support) and requiring specific health warnings on alcohol containers (65.1% support), were popular. Banning outdoor advertising of alcohol was not popular (34.4% support). There were individual differences associated with policy support. For example, respondents who were 75 years or older (B = 0.61, p &lt; .001) or female (B = 0.14, p &lt; .008) were more likely to support tobacco polices compared to their counterparts (i.e., younger or male). Respondents who identified as politically conservative (B = −0.20, p &lt; .004) or those who endorsed high cancer fatalistic beliefs (e.g., there’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer, B = −0.07, p &lt; .012) were less likely to support alcohol policies compared to those who were liberal or had lower cancer fatalistic beliefs. Generally, support was high for most policy questions. However, support varied by different individual factors. The findings also highlight that there may be opportunities to increase understanding and awareness about cancer prevention policies, especially among some segments of the population.
Neighborhood conditions and birth outcomes
Authors: Eick Stephanie M. , Cushing Lara , Goin Dana E. , Padula Amy M. , Andrade Aileen , DeMicco Erin , Woodruff Tracey J. , Morello-Frosch Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Most prior studies have conceptualized neighborhoods using census boundaries and few have examined the role of neighborhood perceptions, which may better capture the neighborhood environment. In the present study, we examined associations between extrinsic and perceived neighborhood quality measures and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods:
Participants resided in the San Francisco Bay Area of California and were enrolled in Chemicals in Our Bodies, a prospective birth cohort (N = 817). The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for income, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and the Urban Displacement Project’s measure of gentrification were included as census block group-level extrinsic neighborhood quality measures. Poor perceived neighborhood quality was assessed using an interview questionnaire. Linear regression models were utilized to examine associations between extrinsic and perceived neighborhood quality measures, and gestational age and birthweight for gestational age z-scores. Covariates in adjusted models were chosen via a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and included maternal age, education, and marital status.

Results:
In adjusted models, having poor perceived neighborhood quality was associated with higher birthweight z-scores, relative to those who did not perceive their neighborhood as poor quality (β = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.01, 0.42). Relative to the least disadvantaged tertile, the upper tertile of the ADI was associated with a modest reduction in gestational age (β = –0.35, 95% confidence intervals = –0.67, –0.02).

Conclusions:
In the Chemicals in Our Bodies study population, extrinsic and perceived neighborhood quality measures were inconsistently associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Early Versus Late Administration of P2Y12 Inhibitors in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Delayed Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Lycouras Maggie M. , Clark Collin M. , Mills Kevin , Gupta Aman , Chilbert Maya R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Regardless of early invasive or ischemia-guided approaches to non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) management, P2Y12 inhibitors remain the backbone in therapy. The ideal timing of administration remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of early versus late administration of P2Y12 inhibitors in patients presenting with an NSTEMI who go to the catheterization laboratory beyond 24 hours from presentation. We performed a single center, retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified into groups depending on whether they received early versus late administration of a P2Y12 inhibitor. The primary outcome was the rate of major and clinically relevant, nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB). Secondary outcomes included troponin peak and length of stay after cardiac catheterization. Of the 121 patients included, 53 patients were in the early and 68 patients were in the late group. The number of bleeding events were similar between both groups (P = 1.00). There were 3 (5.7%) major bleeding events in the early group and 5 (7.4%) bleeding events in the late group. There were 5 (9.4%) CRNMB events in the early group and 6 (8.8%) CRNMB events in the late group. There was a significant difference in troponin peak, 4.56 ng/mL in the early group and 1.77 ng/mL in the late group (P = 0.02). The rate of bleeding did not differ between patients who received early or late administration of P2Y12 inhibitors for NSTEMI management who undergo delayed cardiac catheterization.
Results From a Proficiency Testing Pilot for Immunosuppressant Microsampling Assays
Authors: Veenhof Herman , Koster Remco A. , Junier Lenneke A.T. , Zweipfenning Peter , Touw Daan J. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs is important for the prevention of allograft rejection in transplant patients. Several hospitals offer a microsampling service that provides patients the opportunity to sample a drop of blood from a fingerprick at home that can then be sent to the laboratory by mail. The aim of this study was to pilot an external quality control program.

Methods:
Fourteen laboratories from 7 countries participated (fully or partly) in 3 rounds of proficiency testing for the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, ciclosporin, everolimus, sirolimus, and mycophenolic acid. The microsampling devices included the following: Whatman 903 and DMPK-C, HemaXis, Mitra, and Capitainer-B. All assays were based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In round 2, microsamples as well as liquid whole blood samples were sent, and 1 of these samples was a patient sample.

Results:
Imprecision CV% values for the tacrolimus microsamples reported by individual laboratories ranged from 13.2% to 18.2%, 11.7%–16.3%, and 12.2%–18.6% for rounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For liquid whole blood (round 2), the imprecision CV% values ranged from 3.9%–4.9%. For the other immunosuppressants, the results were similar. A great variety in analytical procedures was observed, especially the extraction method. For the patient sample, the microsample results led to different clinical decisions compared with that of the whole blood sample.

Conclusions:
Immunosuppressant microsampling methods show great interlaboratory variation compared with whole blood methods. This variation can influence clinical decision-making. Thus, harmonization and standardization are needed. Proficiency testing should be performed regularly for laboratories that use immunosuppressant microsampling techniques in patient care.
Validation of the clinical applicability of the brief self-administered waterless empirical taste test during the era of COVID-19
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Wang Jing-Jie 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This study was performed to test the clinical applicability of a new taste test, the Brief Self-Administered Waterless Empirical Taste Test (B-WETT®) in the era of COVID-19.

Methods:
Sixty healthy volunteers and 60 patients experiencing gustatory dysfunction were enrolled. All subjects received both the Self-Administered Waterless Empirical Taste Test (WETT®) and the new B-WETT® which are comprised of disposable plastic strips containing sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, caffeine and monosodium glutamate tastants to evaluate taste function. The healthy volunteers were re-tested with the WETT® and B-WETT® after an inter-test interval of at least 7 days to measure retest reliability.

Results:
The sum scores of 5 tastants of the first test was 25.7 for males and 29.5 for females in WETT®, and 12.4 for males and 15.2 for females in B-WETT®. There were significant differences in the sum scores between males and females whether in WETT® or B-WETT®. The sum scores strongly correlated between WETT and B-WETT, whether in the healthy volunteers or in patients with gustatory dysfunction (r>0.7). There was also a strong correlation between the first and second tests of B-WETT® for the sum scores.

Conclusion:
This study shows that B-WETT® is a valid and reliable taste test, and is convenient for use in the era of COVID-19 to evaluate the taste function of patients.
Effect of Function-Based Approach to Nontraumatic Major Lower Extremity Amputation on 5-Year Mortality
Authors: Zolper Elizabeth G , Deldar Romina , Haffner Zoe K , Sayyed Adaah A , Meshkin Dean H , Hill Christine B , Bekeny Jenna C , Fan Kenneth L , Evans Karen K , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Five-year mortality rates after lower extremity amputation in the chronic wound population have long been regarded as high and inevitable. We theorize that function-based surgical technique and multidisciplinary care improve mortality and assess our institution’s mortality rates after major lower extremity amputation (MLEA).

STUDY DESIGN:
We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent primary nontraumatic MLEA at our institution from 2010 to 2013. Major amputations included below knee amputation, through knee amputation, and above knee amputation. Our function-based surgical approach to MLEA is guided by 4 tenets: (1) optimization of limb biomechanics, (2) maximal soft tissue preservation, (3) multidisciplinary team approach, and (4) addressing nerves during primary amputation to prevent postamputation pain. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to estimate cumulative 5-year mortality and to identify predictors of 5-year mortality, respectively.

RESULTS:
A total of 188 patients underwent MLEA. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4. Estimated 5-year mortality was 40% overall and 43% for diabetic patients. When stratified by amputation level, 5-year mortalities were 36.3% for below knee amputation, 60.9% for through knee amputation, and 44.0% for above knee amputation. Charlson Comorbidity Index (hazard ratio 1.24, p < 0.001) and end-stage renal disease (hazard ratio 3.38, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of 5-year mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrate the lowest mortality rate reported for MLEA. Improved functional and mortality outcomes can be achieved with a function-based surgical approach to MLEA and close follow-up by a multidisciplinary team. Future studies, using standardized reporting of mortality data and incorporating patient-reported outcomes, are warranted to correlate return to function and mortality.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC neutralization and novel mAb reveal protection against Omicron
Authors: Hao Linhui , Hsiang Tien-Ying , Dalmat Ronit R. , Ireton Renee , Morton Jennifer , Stokes Caleb , Netland Jason , Hale Malika , Thouvenel Chris , Wald Anna , Franko Nicholas M , Huden Kristen , Chu Helen , Greninger Alex , Tilles Sasha , Barrett Lynn K. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Munt Jennifer , Scobey Trevor , Baric Ralph S. , Rawlings David , Pepper Marion , Drain Paul K. , Gale Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate SARS-CoV-2 variants we isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally during the pandemic starting with first appearance of virus in the Western hemisphere near Seattle, WA, USA, and isolated each known major variant class, revealing the dynamics of emergence and complete take-over of all new cases by current Omicron variants. We assessed virus neutralization in a first-ever full comparison across variants and evaluated a novel monoclonal antibody (Mab). We found that convalescence greater than 5-months provides little-to-no protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination enhances immunity against variants with the exception of Omicron BA.1, and paired testing of vaccine sera against ancestral virus compared to Omicron BA.1 shows that 3-dose vaccine regimen provides over 50-fold enhanced protection against Omicron BA.1 compared to a 2-dose regimen. We also reveal a novel Mab that effectively neutralizes Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants over clinically-approved Mabs. Our observations underscore the need for continued vaccination efforts, with innovation for vaccine and Mab improvement, for protection against variants of SARS-CoV-2.SummaryWe isolated SARS-CoV-2 temporally starting with emergence of virus in the Western hemisphere. Neutralization analyses across all variant lineages show that vaccine-boost regimen provides protection against Omicron BA.1. We reveal a Mab that protects against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants.
Exploring oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as a mechanism linking bisphenol S exposure to vascular disease in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and a mouse model of postnatal exposure
Authors: Easson Sarah , Singh Radha , Connors Liam , Scheidl Taylor , Baker Larissa , Jadli Anshul , Zhu Hai-Lei , Thompson Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStructural analogues used to replace bisphenol A (BPA) since the introduction of new regulatory restrictions are considered emerging environmental toxicants and remain understudied with respect to their biological actions and health effects. Studies reveal a link between BPA exposure and vascular disease in human populations, whereas the vascular effects of BPA substitutes remain largely unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of BPS, a commonly used BPA substitute, on redox balance, nitric oxide (NO) availability and microvascular NO-dependent dilation.MethodsIn human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO after exposure to BPS was measured using fluorescent probes for DCFDA and DAF-FM diacetate, respectively. The contribution of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling to ROS generation was determined by measuring ROS in the presence or absence of an eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME) or eNOS co-factor, BH4, while the contribution of mitochondria-derived ROS was determined by treating cells with mitochondria-specific antioxidants prior to BPS exposure. Bioenergetic profiles were assessed using Seahorse extracellular flux analysis and mitochondria membrane polarization was measured with TMRE and JC-1 assays. In a mouse model of low dose BPS exposure, NO-mediated endothelial function was assessed in pressurized microvessels by inducing endothelium-dependent dilation in the presence or absence of L-NAME.ResultsBPS exposure (≥ 25 nM) reduced NO and increased ROS production in HUVEC, the latter corrected by treating cells with L-NAME or BH4. BPS exposure led to a loss of mitochondria membrane potential but had no impact on bioenergetic parameters except for a decrease in the spare respiratory capacity. Treatment of HUVEC with mitochondria-specific antioxidants abolished the effect of BPS on NO and ROS. NO-mediated vasodilation was impaired in male mice exposed to BPS.DiscussionExposure to BPS may promote cardiovascular disease by perturbing NO-mediated vascular homeostasis through the induction of oxidative stress.
Intrinsic disorder in CENP-ACse4 tail and its chaperone facilitates synergistic association for kinetochore stabilization
Authors: Shukla Shivangi , Bhattacharya Anusri , Agarwal Prakhar , Malik Nikita , Duraisamy Kalaiyarasi , Sri Rangan Nithyakalyani , Hosur Ramakrishna V. , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe kinetochore is a complex multiprotein network that assembles at a specialized DNA locus called the centromere to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. The centromere is epigenetically marked by a histone H3 variant – the CenH3. The budding yeast CenH3, called Cse4, consists of an unusually long and disordered N-terminal tail that has a role in kinetochore assembly. Its disordered chaperone, Scm3 is involved in its centromeric deposition as well as in the maintenance of a segregation-competent kinetochore. The dynamics of the Cse4 N-tail and chaperone interaction have not been studied, leaving a gap in our understanding of their roles at the centromere. Previously, we had shown that Scm3 is an intrinsically disordered protein. Here, using NMR and a variety of biophysical and bioinformatics tools, we show that Cse4 N-tail is also disordered, the two proteins interact with each other at multiple sites, and this interaction reduces the disorder in Scm3; the chain opens up relative to the native state ensemble and the conformational exchange is reduced. Interestingly, this interaction between the two intrinsically disordered protein is fairly specific as seen by positive and negative controls, and is majorly driven by electrostatics as both the proteins have multiple acidic and basic regions. The complex retains a fair amount of disorder, which facilitates a synergistic association with the essential inner kinetochore Ctf19-Mcm21-Okp1-Ame1 complex; a model has been suggested to this effect. Given the abundance of intrinsic disorder in the kinetochore proteins, this type of interaction and adaptation may be prevalent in other proteins as well for mediating kinetochore assembly. Thus, the present study, on one hand, provides significant structural and mechanistic insights into the complex and dynamic process of kinetochore assembly, and on the other hand, illustrates a mechanism that intrinsically disordered proteins would adapt to mediate the formation of complex multiprotein networks, in general.Graphical Abstract
Perceived barriers in the dissemination of an organisational alcohol policy as part of implementing an alcohol prevention programme among managers
Authors: Elling Devy L. , Wilson Martinez Martina , Sundqvist Kristina 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
An alcohol prevention programme, consisting of the implementation of an organisational alcohol policy and skills development training for managers, was delivered in Swedish workplaces. Previous findings revealed challenges in policy implementation because of the lack of dissemination amongst managers. This study aims to describe perceived dissemination barriers of the organisational alcohol policy by managers.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey (n = 193 managers) was performed to identify common dissemination barriers in the workplace and complementary case illustrations derived from semi-structured interviews (n = 18 managers) were used to understand the dissemination barriers of the organisational alcohol policy. Frequency distributions were presented to describe common perceived barriers.

Findings
Sixty-five per cent of managers reported that their workplace had not changed their approach to addressing alcohol-related issues compared to their usual practice before programme delivery. Various organisational factors, such as deprioritisation of programme dissemination, lack of communication and inadequate strategies were some of the common barriers perceived by managers. Moreover, managers reported uncertainties regarding any changes concerning the workplace’s approach for addressing alcohol-related issues. Increased efforts in disseminating the organisational alcohol policy can reduce uncertainties among managers.

Practical implications
A thorough process evaluation to understand processes in programme delivery and implementation is necessary to ensure the uptake of the intervention.

Originality/value
This study highlighted the complexity of disseminating an alcohol policy in a dynamic setting, such as the workplace, and provided the importance of addressing organisational obstacles.