bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death in Advance? A critique of the “Zombification” of people with dementia
Authors: Schweda Mark , Jongsma Karin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis contribution sets out to criticize the prominent metaphor of “death while alive” in the context of dementia. We first explain the historical origin and development as well as the philosophical premises of the image. We then take a closer look at its implications for understanding dementia and societal attitudes and behaviours towards those affected. In doing so, we adopt a life course perspective that seeks to account for the ethical significance of the temporal extension and structure of human life. According to this perspective, individual existence in time is characterized by normative standards of age-appropriate behavior, evaluative standards of a good life, and teleological notions of successful development which require theoretical analysis and ethical discussion. Such a perspective can contribute significantly to spelling out the implications of the metaphor of death while alive and to criticizing their problematic aspects. Indeed, it makes clear that this metaphor aligns dementia with a different point in the human life course, thus ultimately framing it as a kind of deviation from the biographical norm, a disruption in an assumed temporal order of existence. At the same time, the life course perspective can help to understand why this conception involves ethically problematic distortions and blind spots. The resulting considerations allow conclusions with regard to medical and care ethical debates about self-determination, surrogate decision making, and advance directives in the context of dementia. Furthermore, on a theoretical-conceptual level, they also illustrate the importance of a biography- and culture-sensitive approach to philosophical and ethical reasoning in biomedicine and the life sciences.
Radiological evaluation of temporal bone surgical landmarks for a transcanal transpromontorial approach to the internal auditory canal using three-dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Jun B C , Song S W 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse a three-dimensional transcanal transpromontorial approach to the internal auditory canal using three-dimensional computed tomography.MethodThis study was a retrospective investigation of 48 ears of 24 patients using three-dimensional reconstruction data from normal temporal bone computed tomography. The inner structures of the temporal bone were three-dimensionally reconstructed. Eight points were marked in the three-dimensional object with reference to the axial, coronal and sagittal plane images of the computed tomography scans. Distances and angles to each point were measured from the oval and round windows.ResultsThe point of the facial nerve from the internal auditory canal to the labyrinthine segment could be traced between the cochlear apex and the geniculate ganglion based on the oval window.ConclusionThis technique helps with identifying the locations of important surgical landmarks using three-dimensional reconstructions of pre-operative computed tomography scans and to identify the facial nerve from the internal auditory canal during surgery.
Parasites and the neuroendocrine control of fish intestinal function: an ancient struggle between pathogens and host
Authors: Bosi Giampaolo , Maynard Barbara J. , Pironi Flavio , Sayyaf Dezfuli Bahram 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost individual fish in wild and farmed populations can be infected with parasites. Fish intestines can harbour protozoans, myxozoans and helminths, which include several species of digeneans, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Enteric parasites often induce inflammation of the intestine; the pathogen provokes changes in the host physiology, which will be genetically selected for if they benefit the parasite. The host response to intestinal parasites involves neural, endocrine and immune systems and interaction among these systems is coordinated by hormones, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters including peptides. Intestinal fish parasites have effects on the components of the enteric nervous and endocrine systems; mechanical/chemical changes impair the activity of these systems, including gut motility and digestion. Investigations on the role of the neuroendocrine system in response to fish intestinal parasites are very few. This paper provides immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data on effects of parasites on the enteric nervous system and the enteric endocrine system in several fish–parasite systems. Emphasis is on the occurrence of 21 molecules including cholecystokinin-8, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and serotonin in infected tissues.
How Have Global River Widths Changed Over Time?
Authors: Feng Dongmei , Gleason Colin J. , Yang Xiao , Allen George H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in a river's width reflect natural and anthropogenic impacts on local and upstream/downstream hydraulic and hydrologic processes. Temporal variation of river width also impacts biogeochemical exchange and reflects geomorphologic evolution. However, while global maps of mean river width and dynamic water surface extent exist, there is currently no standardized global assessment of river widths that documents changes over time. Therefore, we made repeated width measurements from Landsat images for all rivers wider than 90 m collected from 1984 to 2020 (named Global LOng‐term river Width, GLOW), which consists of ∼1.2 billion cross‐sectional river width measurements, with an average of 3,000 width measurements per 10‐km reach. With GLOW, we investigated the temporal variations of global river width, quantified by the interquartile range (IQR) and temporal trend. We found that 85% of global rivers have a width IQR <150 m. We also found that 37% of global river segments show significant temporal trends in width over the past 37 years, and this number is higher (46%) for human‐regulated rivers. Further, we leveraged machine learning to identify the most important factors explaining river width variations and revealed that these driving factors are significantly different between free‐flowing and non‐free‐flowing rivers. Specifically, the most important factor driving temporal variations in river width is the climate for free‐flowing rivers, and is soil condition for human‐impacted rivers. Finally, we anticipate that this study and the public release of GLOW will improve the understanding of river dynamics and catalyze additional interdisciplinary studies.
Spatial Variability of Movement, Structure, and Formation of Warm Core Rings in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea
Authors: Silver Adrienne , Gangopadhyay Avijit , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Andres Magdalena , Flierl Glenn , Clark Jenifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGulf Stream Warm Core Rings (WCRs) have important influences on the New England Shelf and marine ecosystems. A 10‐year (2011–2020) WCR dataset that tracks weekly WCR locations and surface areas is used here to identify the rings' path and characterize their movement between 55 and 75°W. The WCR dataset reveals a very narrow band between 66 and 71°W along which rings travel almost due west along ∼39°N across isobaths – the “Ring Corridor.” Then, west of the corridor, the mean path turns southwestward, paralleling the shelfbreak. The average ring translation speed along the mean path is 5.9 cm s−1. Long‐lived rings (lifespan >150 days) tend to occupy the region west of the New England Seamount Chain (NESC) whereas short‐lived rings (lifespan <150 days) tend to be more broadly distributed. WCR vertical structures, analyzed using available Argo float profiles indicate that rings that are formed to the west of the NESC have shallower thermoclines than those formed to the east. This tendency may be due to different WCR formation processes that are observed to occur along different sections of the Gulf Stream. WCRs formed to the east of the NESC tend to form from a pinch‐off mechanism incorporating cores of Sargasso Sea water and a perimeter of Gulf Stream water. WCRs that form to the west of the NESC, form from a process called an aneurysm. WCRs formed through aneurysms comprise water mostly from the northern half of the Gulf Stream and are smaller than the classic pinch‐off rings.
Biophysical Effects of Afforestation on Land Surface Temperature in Guangdong Province, Southern China
Authors: Shen Wenjuan , He Jiaying , He Tao , Hu Xiangping , Tao Xin , Huang Chengquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective climate mitigation strategies under global warming requires a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical mechanism of how afforestation affects the climate and environment. The planted forests in southern China are an essential carbon sink. However, the impacts of radiative and non‐radiative processes on land surface temperature caused by converting open land (i.e., grassland and cropland) and natural forests to planted forests remain unclear. We used satellite observations and intrinsic biophysical mechanism theory‐based energy balance models to estimate the biophysical impacts of potential afforestation of open land and natural forests on surface temperature from 2000 to 2010 in Guangdong Province, southern China. Results showed that afforestation of open land had a consistent net cooling effect. Due to the afforestation of natural forests, the modeled results revealed that afforestation among all conversion types had a net warming effect of 0.15 ± 0.5 K, which caused by the change in energy redistribution factor although uncertainty remains. While the most significant warming caused by converting natural forest to planted forests was also slightly affected by albedo. The afforestation's non‐radiative and radiative processes led to a slight warming of 0.143 ± 0.43 K and a cooling of −0.096 ± 0.19 K, respectively. The non‐radiative process dominates the effect of afforestation on the surface temperature, with the overall non‐radiative forcing index greater than 73% ± 0.59%. Our study highlights the need of protecting natural forests and provides a practical method for assessing the impacts of afforestation on the local climate and the effectiveness of climate mitigation efforts.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling stimulates the self-renewal of conjunctival stem cells and promotes corneal conjunctivalization
Authors: Jang Esther , Jin Soomin , Cho Kyong Jin , Kim Daeseon , Rho Chang Rae , Lyu Jungmook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLimbal stem cell deficiency causes conjunctivalization characterized by the covering of the corneal surface with conjunctival epithelium. However, the driving force for the encroachment of these conjunctival cells is unclear. Conjunctival stem cells are bipotent stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells to maintain regeneration of the conjunctival epithelium. Here, we show a robust proliferative response of conjunctival stem cells and upregulation of Wnt2b and Wnt3a gene expression in the conjunctivae of mice with induced limbal stem cell deficiency. Topical application of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator CHIR resulted in increased proliferation of ΔNp63α-positive stem cells in the basal layers of the bulbar and forniceal conjunctivae and enhanced invasion of conjunctival epithelial and goblet cells into the corneal surface. We also found that in cultures of stem cells isolated from the human conjunctiva, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation improved the expansion of the ΔNp63α/ABCG2 double-positive cell population by promoting the proliferation and preventing the differentiation of these cells. These expanded stem cells formed a stratified epithelium containing goblet cells under airlift culture conditions. Our data reveal that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the pathological process of limbal stem cell deficiency by promoting the self-renewal of conjunctival stem cells and suggest that these cells are a driving force in corneal conjunctivalization.
Modified risk-stratified sequential treatment (subcutaneous rituximab with or without chemotherapy) in B-cell Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after Solid organ transplantation (SOT): the prospective multicentre phase II PTLD-2 trial
Authors: Zimmermann Heiner , Koenecke Christian , Dreyling Martin H. , Pott Christiane , Dührsen Ulrich , Hahn Dennis , Meidenbauer Norbert , Hauser Ingeborg A. , Rummel Mathias J. , Wolf Dominik , Heuser Michael , Schmidt Christian , Schlattmann Peter , Ritgen Matthias , Siebert Reiner , Oschlies Ilske , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Trappe Ralf U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe prospective multicentre Phase II PTLD-2 trial (NCT02042391) tested modified risk-stratification in adult SOT recipients with CD20-positive PTLD based on principles established in the PTLD-1 trials: sequential treatment and risk-stratification. After rituximab monotherapy induction, patients in complete remission as well as those in partial remission with IPI < 3 at diagnosis (low-risk) continued with rituximab monotherapy and thus chemotherapy free. Most others (high-risk) received R-CHOP-21. Thoracic SOT recipients who progressed (very-high-risk) received alternating R-CHOP-21 and modified R-DHAOx. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS) in the low-risk group. The PTLD-1 trials provided historical controls. Rituximab was applied subcutaneously. Of 60 patients enrolled, 21 were low-risk, 28 high-risk and 9 very-high-risk. Overall response was 45/48 (94%, 95% CI 83–98). 2-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of time to progression and overall survival were 78% (95% CI 65–90) and 68% (95% CI 55–80) – similar to the PTLD-1 trials. Treatment-related mortality was 4/59 (7%, 95% CI 2–17). In the low-risk group, 2-year EFS was 66% (95% CI 45–86) versus 52% in the historical comparator that received CHOP (p = 0.432). 2-year OS in the low-risk group was 100%. Results with R-CHOP-21 in high-risk patients confirmed previous results. Immunochemotherapy intensification in very-high-risk patients was disappointing.
Impact of changes to the interscreening interval and faecal immunochemical test threshold in the national bowel cancer screening programme in England: results from the FIT pilot study
Authors: Li Shuping J. , Seedher Tara , Sharples Linda D. , Benton Sally C. , Mathews Christopher , Gabe Rhian , Sasieni Peter , Duffy Stephen W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) faces endoscopy capacity challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic and plans to lower the screening starting age. This may necessitate modifying the interscreening interval or threshold.

Methods
We analysed data from the English Faecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) pilot, comprising 27,238 individuals aged 59–75, screened for colorectal cancer (CRC) using FIT. We estimated screening sensitivity to CRC, adenomas, advanced adenomas (AA) and mean sojourn time of each pathology by faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) thresholds, then predicted the detection of these abnormalities by interscreening interval and f-Hb threshold.

Results
Current 2-yearly screening with a f-Hb threshold of 120 μg/g was estimated to generate 16,092 colonoscopies, prevent 186 CRCs, detect 1142 CRCs, 7086 adenomas and 4259 AAs per 100,000 screened over 15 years. A higher threshold at 180 μg/g would reduce required colonoscopies to 11,500, prevent 131 CRCs, detect 1077 CRCs, 4961 adenomas and 3184 AAs. A longer interscreening interval of 3 years would reduce required colonoscopies to 10,283, prevent 126 and detect 909 CRCs, 4796 adenomas and 2986 AAs.

Conclusion
Increasing the f-Hb threshold was estimated to be more efficient than increasing the interscreening interval regarding overall colonoscopies per screen-benefited cancer. Increasing the interval was more efficient regarding colonoscopies per cancer prevented.
3D geological implicit modeling method of regular voxel splitting based on layered interpolation data
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Peirong , Wang Xinyu , Cui Hao , Ma Yurong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn view of the problems in traditional geological modeling methods, such as the insufficient utilization of geological survey data, the inaccurate expression of a stratigraphic model, and the large amount of model data, a 3D geological model cannot be smoothly loaded and rendered on the web end. In this paper, a 3D geological implicit modeling method of regular voxel splitting based on hierarchical interpolation data is proposed. This method first uses the boreholes and geological section data from a geological survey for data conversion and fusion, compares the applicability of different interpolation algorithms through cross-validation research, and uses the best fitting algorithm to interpolate and encrypt discrete points in the formation. Then, it constructs the regular voxels, designs five different regular voxel split types, and divides the voxels. In addition, the data structure design of the voxel split model is implemented, and the irregular voxel metadata structure is analyzed and displayed through Three.js. Using this method, based on the survey data of an area in Zhengzhou, the global workflow from data processing to model construction and visualization is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the model can integrate multisource hierarchical interpolation data; express different stratum structures accurately and smoothly, and can realize the rendering, spatial query and analysis of the internal information of a geological body in a browser.
Machine learning-based 3D modeling and volumetry of human posterior vitreous cavity of optical coherence tomographic images
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Mao Zaixing , Du Ran , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structure of the human vitreous varies considerably because of age-related liquefactions of the vitreous gel. These changes are poorly studied in vivo mainly because their high transparency and mobility make it difficult to obtain reliable and repeatable images of the vitreous. Optical coherence tomography can detect the boundaries between the vitreous gel and vitreous fluid, but it is difficult to obtain high resolution images that can be used to convert the images to three-dimensional (3D) images. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the shape and characteristics of the vitreous fluid using machine learning-based 3D modeling in which manually labelled fluid areas were used to train deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The trained DCNN labelled vitreous fluid automatically and allowed us to obtain 3D vitreous model and to quantify the vitreous fluidic cavities. The mean volume and surface area of posterior vitreous fluidic cavities are 19.6 ± 7.8 mm3 and 104.0 ± 18.9 mm2 in eyes of 17 school children. The results suggested that vitreous fluidic cavities expanded as the cavities connects with each other, and this modeling system provided novel imaging markers for aging and eye diseases.
Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education
Authors: Walhovd Kristine B. , Nyberg Lars , Lindenberger Ulman , Amlien Inge K. , Sørensen Øystein , Wang Yunpeng , Mowinckel Athanasia M. , Kievit Rogier A. , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Bartrés-Faz David , Kühn Simone , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Ghisletta Paolo , Madsen Kathrine Skak , Baaré Willliam F. C. , Zsoldos Enikő , Magnussen Fredrik , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Penninx Brenda , Fjell Anders M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigher general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disorders, but neural mechanisms are unknown. GCA could be associated with more cortical tissue, from young age, i.e. brain reserve, or less cortical atrophy in adulthood, i.e. brain maintenance. Controlling for education, we investigated the relative association of GCA with reserve and maintenance of cortical volume, -area and -thickness through the adult lifespan, using multiple longitudinal cognitively healthy brain imaging cohorts (n = 3327, 7002 MRI scans, baseline age 20–88 years, followed-up for up to 11 years). There were widespread positive relationships between GCA and cortical characteristics (level-level associations). In select regions, higher baseline GCA was associated with less atrophy over time (level-change associations). Relationships remained when controlling for polygenic scores for both GCA and education. Our findings suggest that higher GCA is associated with cortical volumes by both brain reserve and -maintenance mechanisms through the adult lifespan.
H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin is a defining feature of the early mouse blastocyst
Authors: Pailles Mélanie , Hirlemann Mélanie , Brochard Vincent , Chebrout Martine , Oudin Jean-François , Marks Hendrik , Jouneau Alice , Bonnet-Garnier Amélie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes while cells progress towards differentiation. At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. Here, we analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during early development. We also followed the localization of EZH2 and BEND3, previously shown in ESCs to drive PRC2 to hypomethylated PCH. We show that the location of H3K27me3 at PCH, in addition to H3K9me3, is a defining feature of embryonic cells in vivo. Moreover, it may play an important role in structuring PCH and preserving genomic integrity at a time of globally relaxed chromatin. At peri-implantation stages, while DNA methylation is still low, EZH2 and then H3K27me3, leave PCH in epiblast progenitors at the time of their spatial segregation from primitive endoderm cells, while BEND3 remains there up to implantation. The comparison with stem cells (ESCs and TSCs) reveals that the epigenetic marks (i.e. H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) of PCH are reset during in vitro derivation and only partially restored thereafter. This highlights possible divergences between in vitro and “in embryo” epigenetic regulation regarding constitutive heterochromatin.
A pre-trained BERT for Korean medical natural language processing
Authors: Kim Yoojoong , Kim Jong-Ho , Lee Jeong Moon , Jang Moon Joung , Yum Yun Jin , Kim Seongtae , Shin Unsub , Kim Young-Min , Joo Hyung Joon , Song Sanghoun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith advances in deep learning and natural language processing (NLP), the analysis of medical texts is becoming increasingly important. Nonetheless, despite the importance of processing medical texts, no research on Korean medical-specific language models has been conducted. The Korean medical text is highly difficult to analyze because of the agglutinative characteristics of the language, as well as the complex terminologies in the medical domain. To solve this problem, we collected a Korean medical corpus and used it to train the language models. In this paper, we present a Korean medical language model based on deep learning NLP. The model was trained using the pre-training framework of BERT for the medical context based on a state-of-the-art Korean language model. The pre-trained model showed increased accuracies of 0.147 and 0.148 for the masked language model with next sentence prediction. In the intrinsic evaluation, the next sentence prediction accuracy improved by 0.258, which is a remarkable enhancement. In addition, the extrinsic evaluation of Korean medical semantic textual similarity data showed a 0.046 increase in the Pearson correlation, and the evaluation for the Korean medical named entity recognition showed a 0.053 increase in the F1-score.