bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earlier snowmelt may lead to late season declines in plant productivity and carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra ecosystems
Authors: Zona Donatella , Lafleur Peter M. , Hufkens Koen , Bailey Barbara , Gioli Beniamino , Burba George , Goodrich Jordan P. , Liljedahl Anna K. , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Watts Jennifer D. , Farina Mary , Kimball John S. , Heimann Martin , Göckede Mathias , Pallandt Martijn , Christensen Torben R. , Mastepanov Mikhail , López-Blanco Efrén , Jackowicz-Korczynski Marcin , Dolman Albertus J. , Marchesini Luca Belelli , Commane Roisin , Wofsy Steven C. , Miller Charles E. , Lipson David A. , Hashemi Josh , Arndt Kyle A. , Kutzbach Lars , Holl David , Boike Julia , Wille Christian , Sachs Torsten , Kalhori Aram , Song Xia , Xu Xiaofeng , Humphreys Elyn R. , Koven Charles D. , Sonnentag Oliver , Meyer Gesa , Gosselin Gabriel H. , Marsh Philip , Oechel Walter C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data from eddy covariance towers representing dominant tundra vegetation types located on continuous permafrost in the Arctic. Here we found that earlier snowmelt was associated with more tundra net CO2sequestration and higher gross primary productivity (GPP) only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower GPP in August. Although higher evapotranspiration (ET) can result in soil drying with the progression of the summer, we did not find significantly lower soil moisture with earlier snowmelt, nor evidence that water stress affected GPP in the late growing season. Our results suggest that the expected increased CO2sequestration arising from Arctic warming and the associated increase in growing season length may not materialize if tundra ecosystems are not able to continue sequestering CO2later in the season.
Coupling antecedent rainfall for improving the performance of rainfall thresholds for suspended sediment simulation of semiarid catchments
Authors: Yin Zhaorui , Qin Guanghua , Guo Li , Tang Xuan , Wang Jinxing , Li Hongxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuspended sediment transport is one of the essential processes in the geochemical cycle. This study investigated the role of rainfall thresholds in suspended sediment modeling in semiarid catchments. The results showed that rainfall-sediment in the study catchment (HMTC) could be grouped into two patterns on the basis of rainfall threshold 10 mm. The sediment modeling based on LSTM model with the rainfall threshold (C-LSTM scheme) and without threshold (LSTM scheme) were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the C-LSTM scheme had much better performances than LSTM scheme, especially for the low sediment conditions. It was observed that in the study catchment, the mean NSE was marginally improved from 0.925 to 0.934 for calibration and 0.911 to 0.924 for validation for medium and high sediment (Pattern 1); while for low sediment (Pattern 2), the mean NSE was significantly improved from -0.375 to 0.738 for calibration and 0.171 to 0.797 for validation. Results of this study indicated rainfall thresholds were very effective in improving suspended sediment simulation. It was suggested that the incorporation of more information such as rainfall intensity, land use, and land cover may lead to further improvement of sediment prediction in the future.
Bioconversion of chitin waste through Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for production of chitin derivatives as a Seabass enrichment diet
Authors: Subramanian Kumaran , Balaraman Deivasigamani , Panangal Mani , Nageswara Rao Tentu , Perumal Elumalai , R Amutha , Kumarappan Alagappan , Sampath Renuga Pugazhvendan , Arumugam Suresh , Thirunavukkarasu Rajasekar , Aruni Wilson , Yousef AlOmar Suliman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarine wastes pose a great threat to the ecosystem leading to severe environmental hazards and health issues particularly the shellfish wastes. The shellfish waste which contains half of the amount of chitin can be efficiently transformed into useful products. Various approaches for the hydrolysis of chitin like physical, chemical, and enzymatic processes are there. Still, the use of enzyme chitinase is well documented as an effective and eco-friendly method. The present study summarizes the isolation of chitinase enzyme producing bacteria from different shrimp waste disposal sites in Parangipettai (India), and the possible use of an enzyme hydrolyzate as an immunostimulant to Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). The potential chitinase-producing bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. After purification, the chitinase specific activity was 5.01 (U/ml) and the protein content was 72 mg and the recovery rate was 48.06%. The optimum pH and temperature for the chitinolytic activity were 6.5 and at 35–50 °C, respectively. The animal experiment trial was done with our feed supplements which included 0.0 (control), 0.5%, 1% and 2% of chitin degraded product. All the supplementary feed had an optimal 42% (w/w) of crude protein. The feed protein level was 41–43% on average and gross energy was 13–17 kcal/g and the feed was observed to exhibit a significantly higher (p < 0.05) survival rate, condition factor, specific growth rates, and body weight gain was also found to be promising compared to other fishes fed with control diet only. The red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were found to increase significantly after being challenged with infection in animals fed with chitin derivatives from 1st week to 3rd week when compared to the control. The hematocrit (Hct) values were low on the 2nd and 3rd week in infected fish fed with chitin derivatives. This low level was due to infection lyses of the red blood cells and increased nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. The control diet-fed fish showed 70% mortality but the chitin derivative supplemented fishes showed only 20% mortality post-infection. The results of the study encompass that the use of chitin-derivate enriched feed further is taken into large-scale approaches thereby benefitting the aquaculture sector.
Mathematical method for physics-based rill erosion process using detachment and transport capacities
Authors: Ban Y. Y. , Lei T. W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantification of rill erosion processes is of great importance in both model parameter estimations for process-based rill erosion models and in model performance verification. This study presents a mathematical method to determine a physics-based rill erosion process derived from the feedback relationship of transport capacity and detachment capacity. Experimental data sets were used to determine transport capacities under steep slope gradients of 15°, 20°, and 25° and the detachment capacities. The estimated transport and detachment capacities were then used to determine the sediment delivery processes under different hydraulic regimes. The sediment concentrations along the rill determined with the mathematical method were compared with the experimental measurements to verify the methodology and the mathematics. Results showed that the mathematical model results agreed well with the experimental data in references. The predicted detachment capacity calculated by the new method was capable of predicting saturated, unsaturated, and thawed slope, but incapable of partially thawed soil. This study not only supports the analytical solution to the differential equation of rill erosion, but also verifies that the experimental method was fit well with the mathematical concept. The new method provides a useful and efficient way to quantify rill erosion processes.
Effect of air pollution on age at menarche in polish females, born 1993–1998
Authors: Wronka Iwona , Kliś Katarzyna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the association between the degree of air pollution (suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, benzopyrene levels) in the location of residence during childhood and adolescence and the age at menarche. The research was carried out in the period from 2015 to 2018 in Poland. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and questionnaire data were collected from 1,257 women, aged 19–25 years. The average levels of subjects’ exposure to analysed air pollutants, i.e., particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide and benzene during childhood-adolescence was assessed from the data acquired by the Polish Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Negative relationships between age at menarche and suspended particulate matter as well as nitrogen levels were found. A similar trend was observed in an analysis of the relationship between age at menarche and the complex air pollution index. The tendency for age at menarche to decrease together with worsening air quality was also visible after adjusted for socioeconomic status. Girls exposed to high suspended particulate matter levels were characterised by higher risk of early age at menarche. High levels of air pollution are related to younger age at menarche and the risk of the menstruation onset below 11 years.
Bio-behavioral synchrony is a potential mechanism for mate selection in humans
Authors: Zeevi Lior , klein Selle Nathalie , Kellmann Eva Ludmilla , Boiman Gal , Hart Yuval , Atzil Shir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe decision with whom to form a romantic bond is of great importance, yet the biological or behavioral mechanisms underlying this selective process in humans are largely unknown. Classic evolutionary theories of mate selection emphasize immediate and static features such as physical appearance and fertility. However, they do not explain how initial attraction temporally unfolds during an interaction, nor account for mutual physiological or behavioral adaptations that take place when two people become attracted. Instead, recent theories on social bonding emphasize the importance of co-regulation during social interactions (i.e., the social coordination of physiology and behavior between partners), and predict that co-regulation plays a role in bonding with others. In a speed-date experiment of forty-six heterosexual dates, we recorded the naturally occurring patterns of electrodermal activity and behavioral motion in men and women, and calculated their co-regulation during the date. We demonstrate that co-regulation of behavior and physiology is associated with the date outcome: when a man and a woman synchronize their electrodermal activity and dynamically tune their behavior to one another, they are more likely to be romantically and sexually attracted to one another. This study supports the hypothesis that co-regulation of sympathetic and behavioral rhythms between a man and a woman serves as a mechanism that promotes attraction.
Shear stress switches the association of endothelial enhancers from ETV/ETS to KLF transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Tsaryk Roman , Yucel Nora , Leonard Elvin V. , Diaz Noelia , Bondareva Olga , Odenthal-Schnittler Maria , Arany Zoltan , Vaquerizas Juan M. , Schnittler Hans , Siekmann Arndt F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels are exposed to mechanical forces, such as shear stress. These forces control many aspects of EC biology, including vascular tone, cell migration and proliferation. Despite a good understanding of the genes responding to shear stress, our insight into the transcriptional regulation of these genes is much more limited. Here, we set out to study alterations in the chromatin landscape of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to laminar shear stress. To do so, we performed ChIP-Seq for H3K27 acetylation, indicative of active enhancer elements and ATAC-Seq to mark regions of open chromatin in addition to RNA-Seq on HUVEC exposed to 6 h of laminar shear stress. Our results show a correlation of gained and lost enhancers with up and downregulated genes, respectively. DNA motif analysis revealed an over-representation of KLF transcription factor (TF) binding sites in gained enhancers, while lost enhancers contained more ETV/ETS motifs. We validated a subset of flow responsive enhancers using luciferase-based reporter constructs and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing. Lastly, we characterized the shear stress response in ECs of zebrafish embryos using RNA-Seq. Our results lay the groundwork for the exploration of shear stress responsive elements in controlling EC biology.
Four-limb wireless IMU sensor system for automatic gait detection in canines
Authors: Zhang Xiqiao , Jenkins Gregory J. , Hakim Chady H. , Duan Dongsheng , Yao Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to develop a 4-limb canine gait analysis system using wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs). 3D printed sensor holders were designed to ensure quick and consistent sensor mounting. Signal analysis algorithms were developed to automatically determine the timing of swing start and end in a stride. To evaluate the accuracy of the new system, a synchronized study was conducted in which stride parameters in four dogs were measured simultaneously using the 4-limb IMU system and a pressure-sensor based walkway gait system. The results showed that stride parameters measured in both systems were highly correlated. Bland–Altman analyses revealed a nominal mean measurement bias between the two systems in both forelimbs and hindlimbs. Overall, the disagreement between the two systems was less than 10% of the mean value in over 92% of the data points acquired from forelimbs. The same performance was observed in hindlimbs except for one parameter due to small mean values. We demonstrated that this 4-limb system could successfully visualize the overall gait types and identify rapid gait changes in dogs. This method provides an effective, low-cost tool for gait studies in veterinary applications or in translational studies using dog models of neuromuscular diseases.
Spectral characterisation of ventricular intracardiac potentials in human post-ischaemic bipolar electrograms
Authors: Baldazzi Giulia , Orrù Marco , Solinas Giuliana , Matraxia Mirko , Viola Graziana , Pani Danilo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbnormal ventricular potentials (AVPs) are frequently referred to as high-frequency deflections in intracardiac electrograms (EGMs). However, no scientific study performed a deep spectral characterisation of AVPs and physiological potentials in real bipolar intracardiac recordings across the entire frequency range imposed by their sampling frequency. In this work, the power contributions of post-ischaemic physiological potentials and AVPs, along with some spectral features, were evaluated in the frequency domain and then statistically compared to highlight specific spectral signatures for these signals. To this end, 450 bipolar EGMs from seven patients affected by post-ischaemic ventricular tachycardia were retrospectively annotated by an experienced cardiologist. Given the high variability of the morphologies observed, three different sub-classes of AVPs and two sub-categories of post-ischaemic physiological potentials were considered. All signals were acquired by the CARTO® 3 system during substrate-guided catheter ablation procedures. Our findings indicated that the main frequency contributions of physiological and pathological post-ischaemic EGMs are found below 320 Hz. Statistical analyses showed that, when biases due to the signal amplitude influence are eliminated, not only physiological potentials show greater contributions below 20 Hz whereas AVPs demonstrate higher spectral contributions above ~ 40 Hz, but several finer differences may be observed between the different AVP types.
Mutually guided light and particle beam propagation
Authors: Castillo Andres M. , Kumar Prabhat , Limbach Christopher M. , Hara Kentaro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe polarizability of atoms and molecules gives rise to optical forces that trap particles and a refractive index that guides light beams, potentially leading to a self-guided laser and particle beam propagation. In this paper, the mutual interactions between an expanding particle beam and a diffracting light beam are investigated using an axisymmetric particle-light coupled simulation. The nonlinear coupling between particles and photons is dependent on the particle beam radius, particle density, particle velocity and temperature, polarizability, light beam waist, light frequency (with respect to the resonance frequency), and light intensity. The computational results show that the maximum propagation distance is achieved when the waveguiding effect is optimized to single-mode operation. The application of the coupled beam propagation as a space propulsion system is discussed.
Climate vulnerability assessment of key fishery resources in the Northern Humboldt Current System
Authors: Ramos Jorge E. , Tam Jorge , Aramayo Víctor , Briceño Felipe A. , Bandin Ricardo , Buitron Betsy , Cuba Antonio , Fernandez Ernesto , Flores-Valiente Jorge , Gomez Emperatriz , Jara Hans J. , Ñiquen Miguel , Rujel Jesús , Salazar Carlos M. , Sanjinez Maria , León Rafael I. , Nelson Mark , Gutiérrez Dimitri , Pecl Gretta T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Northern Humboldt Current System sustains one of the most productive fisheries in the world. However, climate change is anticipated to negatively affect fish production in this region over the next few decades, and detailed analyses for many fishery resources are unavailable. We implemented a trait-based Climate Vulnerability Assessment based on expert elicitation to estimate the relative vulnerability of 28 fishery resources (benthic, demersal, and pelagic) to the impacts of climate change by 2055; ten exposure factors (e.g., temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll) and 13 sensitivity attributes (biological and population-level traits) were used. Nearly 36% of the species assessed had “high” or “very high” vulnerability. Benthic species were ranked the most vulnerable (gastropod and bivalve species). The pelagic group was the second most vulnerable; the Pacific chub mackerel and the yellowfin tuna were amongst the most vulnerable pelagic species. The demersal group had the relatively lowest vulnerability. This study allowed identification of vulnerable fishery resources, research and monitoring priorities, and identification of the key exposure factors and sensitivity attributes which are driving that vulnerability. Our findings can help fishery managers incorporate climate change into harvest level and allocation decisions, and assist stakeholders plan for and adapt to a changing future.
Identification of neurodevelopmental transition patterns from infancy to early childhood and risk factors predicting descending transition
Authors: Kato Takeo , Nishimura Tomoko , Takahashi Nagahide , Harada Taeko , Okumura Akemi , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Nomura Yoko , Senju Atsushi , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Takei Nori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is unclear whether neurodevelopmental progress from infancy to early childhood remains stable. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors, if any, affecting neurodevelopmental descending transition patterns and the relationship between these patterns and later childhood adaptive behaviours. We used data of 875 children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study in Japan. Children’s neurodevelopment at 18 and 32 months and adaptive behaviours at 40 months were evaluated. Perinatal factors and infant overweight status at 18 months were investigated to identify descending-transition-associated risk factors. In the latent transition analysis, ultimately, three classes were identified for each time-point, resulting in nine transition patterns; among them, 10.4% of children showed descending class shifts (normal to delayed class). Such decelerated growth was predicted by maternal pre-pregnancy overweight status (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 5.02), low maternal educational history (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04, 1.36), and infant overweight status at 18 months (OR 5.89; 95% CI 1.26, 27.45). Children with descending transition showed poor functioning in adaptive behaviours at the age of 40 months. To prevent subsequent poor adaptive functioning, it may be necessary to consider that a certain percentage of children show decelerated growth.
Metabarcoding analysis of the soil fungal community to aid the conservation of underexplored church forests in Ethiopia
Authors: Alem Demelash , Dejene Tatek , Geml József , Oria-de-Rueda Juan Andrés , Martín-Pinto Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost of the Dry Afromontane forests in the northern part of Ethiopia are located around church territories and, hence, are called church forests. These forests are biodiversity islands and provide key ecosystem services to local communities. A previous study of church forest fungal species was based on sporocarp collections. However, to obtain a complete picture of the fungal community, the total fungal community present in the soil needs to be analyzed. This information is important to integrate church forests into global biodiversity conservation strategies and to understand what actions are required to conserve church forests and their biological components, including fungi, which are known for their exceptionally high diversity levels. We assessed soil fungal communities in three church forests using ITS2 rDNA metabarcoding. In total, 5152 fungal operational taxonomic units representing 16 fungal phyla were identified. Saprotrophs followed by ectomycorrhizal fungi and animal pathogens dominated fungal communities. Significant differences in diversity and richness were observed between forests. Non-metric multidimensional scaling confirmed that fungal community composition differed in each forest. The composition was influenced by climatic, edaphic, vegetation, and spatial variables. Linear relationships were found between tree basal area and the abundance of total fungi and trophic groups. Forest management strategies that consider cover, tree density, enrichment plantations of indigenous host tree species, and environmental factors would offer suitable habitats for fungal diversity, production, and function in these forest systems. The application of the baseline information obtained in this study could assist other countries with similar forest conservation issues due to deforestation and forest fragmentation.