bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Brief History of Persecution Complexes in America
Authors: Bivins Jason C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter frames the book’s concerns in a larger historical narrative of conservative, antistatist grievance that traces back to the nineteenth century. Focused primarily on the period since World War II, this chapter shows how conservative actors have linked nostalgia, white grievance, and far-right politics to undermine not just democratic policies but the very promise of civic engagement. Embattled religion has for decades been steadily promoted as vital to conservative self-interest, in ways that actively disempower citizens. The larger arc of the narrative shows that once-marginal orientations to public life—popular among, for example, the John Birch Society—moved steadily to the center of conservative evangelical identity. Combined with fantasy and ever more complex social media, the appeal of this imaginary landscape has proven greater than that of political reality.
Socrates before the Many
Authors: Avgousti Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 argues that at his defense trial in Plato’s Apology, Socrates undercuts the demotic power of reputation as this is represented in the jury of his peers. He acknowledges and encourages the pleasure of spectating his elenchic activities, which earned him a reputation for wisdom. The patriotic and pious Socrates assassinates the character of his accuser Meletus, inserts himself into the mythical imaginary of the Athenians, and presents himself as the city writ small. The defendant uses his divine sign to undermine the jury’s capacity to judge him: his reputation is inseparable from this sign, which governs his activities, and which is only his to know and to interpret. Once the outcome of the trial is clear, Socrates is eager to prophesy how his reputation for wisdom will come at the cost of the reputation of Athens.
The Coryphaeus’ Challenge to the Many
Authors: Avgousti Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In chapter 3, the true philosopher or coryphaeus of the Theaetetus Digression acknowledges without dismissing the demotic power of reputation. He imitates a female Thracian servant who laughed at the absentminded wise man Thales by laughing in turn at the political rulers, landowners, and those of noble ancestry whom the many praise. He tells a joke about the garrulous orator who loses his words in conversation with the coryphaeus. He makes the truth that one ought to be virtuous visible to the imagination of the many by way of an extended contrast between the just and pious man and the unjust and impious man. The coryphaeus alone possesses true cleverness and wisdom and therefore seeks godlike praise from the many—in the afterlife, we read in the mythic moment of the Digression, those who are least godlike will be punished.
Demotic Power in Kallipolis
Authors: Avgousti Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 shows how reputation finds a place in the aristocratic regime of Kallipolis. The founding myth of the city is characterized as a rumor that circulates in the memory and imaginary of the Kallipoleans, allowing them to identify the proper objects of praise and blame, setting expectations about the characters of their rulers; these lovers of wisdom, in turn, are to love myth too. It also argues that Kallipolis is institutionally designed so that the philosopher-ruler cares about the reputation of philosophy. The city encourages him to do so by transforming him into the familiar and praiseworthy model of the warrior-athlete who defends both the city and philosophy. In lieu of wealth and private property—which the rulers are denied—as a marker of virtue, the many are invited to make their reputational judgments by honoring them at public festivals and by looking in on their living quarters.
Introduction
Authors: Griesel Jake 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter first provides a biographical sketch of John Edwards, with particular attention to his education and academic career at Cambridge, his clerical career in Cambridge, Bury St Edmunds, and Colchester, and his retirement in Cambridge. It then surveys twentieth- and twenty-first-century scholarly portrayals of Edwards as a churchman who found himself marginalized in an overwhelmingly Arminian later Stuart Church of England on account of his outspoken advocacy of Calvinism. This picture of a marginalized Edwards is shown to be in contrast to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century sources, which generally portrayed Edwards as having been a prominent and respected churchman in his day. This discrepancy between the older and more recent sources sets the occasion for a reassessment of Edwards and of the theological landscape of the Church in which he was situated.
Edwards’ Reformed Conforming Contemporaries
Authors: Griesel Jake 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates whether Edwards was indeed part of a sizeable and conspicuous Reformed minority in the later Stuart Church of England, as the findings of Chapter 3 would suggest. In order to prove such a substantial Reformed presence within the established Church, it surveys 122 post-Restoration Reformed conformists, and especially their views on grace and election. Particular attention is given to those Reformed clergy who were active within the established Church during Edwards’ heyday after the Glorious Revolution and into the reign of George I. The result is a firm confirmation that Reformed orthodoxy was well within the pale of mainstream theology in the later Stuart Church, and was ably represented by a large and influential minority among the clergy, which included prominent bishops, deans, professors of divinity, Oxford and Cambridge college heads and fellows, and lay intellectuals.
Edwards’ Defence of a Reformed Doctrine of Faith and Justification
Authors: Griesel Jake 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyses Edwards’ advocacy of the interrelated Reformed doctrines of justification by faith alone and the imputation of Christ’s righteousness to believers, which he defended as Church of England orthodoxy against various Arminian contemporaries. This is followed by a survey of various contemporary churchmen who shared Edwards’ Reformed position on justification, and who, like Edwards, appealed to the Church’s Articles and Homilies in its defence. Edwards’ Reformed views on justification are shown to have been far from peripheral, and instead to have been upheld by significant segments of the established Church’s clergy. The chapter thus contests that there was no singular non-Reformed ‘Anglican’ doctrine of justification in the later Stuart Church, but rather competing soteriological currents: an Arminian majority and a large Reformed minority.
Ali (2001)
Authors: Wiedenfeld Grant 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 addresses the general problem of the hero, who is at once an individual and a representative of the collective. Multiculturalism deepens the issue. I introduce Hannah Arendt’s concept of public action to reconcile the tension between difference and sameness in a way that is especially relevant to sports. Unique in their body but situated by universal rules, the athlete may represent others without forfeiting individuality. Befitting that principle, Michael Mann’s grandiose biopic Ali portrays the “people’s champion” without relying on speech. Elaborate montage sequences situate the uncharacteristically quiet Ali, played by Will Smith, while memorializing his characteristic boxing style. The film also envisions the United States’ global leadership anew through Ali as an icon for minority struggle and liberation from an imperialistic establishment. Yet the drama’s cartoonish villains evacuate faith in the civic institutions that the project of democracy demands.
Disruptive Technology and the Law of Naval Warfare
Authors: Kraska James , Pedrozo Raul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Disruptive technologies have transformed conflict at sea, creating a dynamic and distributed operational environment that extends from the oceans to encompass warfare on land, in the air, outer space, and cyberspace. Naval warfare throughout this integrated multi-domain, networked seascape raises choice of law decisions that include the law of naval warfare and the law of armed conflict; neutrality law; and the peacetime regimes that apply to the oceans, airspace, outer space, and cyberspace. The international law in networked naval warfare must contend with autonomous vessels and aircraft, artificial intelligence, and long-range precision strike missiles that can close the “kill chain” at sea and beyond. The asymmetrical use of merchant ships and blockchain shipping in naval operations, opening the seabed as a new dimension of undersea warfare, and sophisticated attacks against submarine cables and space satellites pose new operational and legal dilemmas. Navigating this broader conception of the international law of naval warfare requires an understanding of emerging operational capabilities and concepts throughout the spectrum of conflict and the selection and integration of distinct legal regimes.
Introduction
Authors: Kraska James , Pedrozo Raul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Throughout history, seapower has been a function of marine technology. For two millennia, rowed galleys were used to project seapower, with little material difference between a galley in the ancient world and one fighting at the Battle of Lepanto in 1573. The ships had limited ability to project power and most of the fighting was done hand to hand. With the development of the all-sail carrack and caravel in the 14th century, warships had a higher freeboard and could travel in heavier seas, and needed far fewer crew, opening space for cargo and cannons. With the introduction of firearms on board, warships developed into warfighting platforms that could strike from a distance. The shift from sail to steam provided longer endurance. Improvements in gunfire slowly increased the range and accuracy of these weapons, the development of aircraft and the aircraft carrier; and after the Second World War, the missile made gunfire obsolete. Recent advances in naval technology and long-range precision strike missiles now threaten the survivability of aircraft carriers and surface ships, as states turn toward unmanned and autonomous weapons. China and Russia in particular, are using these technologies to develop unconventional force structure to challenge the United States. Rogue states mix emerging technologies with asymmetric strategies or “gray zone” coercion to demoralize, disorient, and subdue their neighbors. Yet, control of the sea lanes connecting the United States to its allies in Europe and Asia remains the cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy.
Missile Warfare and Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Kraska James , Pedrozo Raul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the Second World War, missiles have replaced manned aircraft as the most effective means of delivery for a warhead because they offer long-range precision strike without exposing a pilot to enemy fire. Technology has increased the range and performance of cruise, ballistic, and hypersonic missiles at the same time horizontal proliferation has made them available to more states and even nonstate actors. The United States, Russia, China, France, the United Kingdom, and India have the capability to launch missiles, including submarine-launched ballistic missiles, that can strike virtually anywhere on earth. New hypersonic missiles traveling at high terminal velocities present offensive advantage, as they can avoid radar and may be impossible to intercept. Russia and China are developing weapons that can swap conventional and nuclear warheads on the same type of missiles—conventional-nuclear integration—to introduce warhead ambiguity to complicate an adversary’s decision-making. Nonetheless, missiles must still be technologically capable and operationally employed to discriminate between lawful and unlawful targets. Although there is no specific rule prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons in wartime, the same rules of international law apply to them as conventional weapons.
Prologue and Introduction
Authors: Baird Bruce 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a historical framework in which to fit the activities of the ten butô performers featured in the remainder of the book. It starts with an account of the first butô performance in Paris in 1978 and then backs up to cover the activities of Hijikata Tatsumi and his creation of the Hijikata method or generative dance method. This method started with Hijikata’s attempt to understand himself and all the social processes that had formed him. It then blossomed into a way to modify dance steps using surrealist imagery work. The chapter then traces the split of butô into different styles and the expansion of butô around the world. It proposes the thesis that we understand butô in relationship to some of the most important issues of our time, such as the information age, the relationship between humans, technology and new media, and the status of gender and ethnicity. Specifically, it argues that we recognize butô as related to cyborgs, video game speedrunners, and Japanese pop cultural enthusiasts (otaku).
Would Democratic Socialism Be Better?
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
An End to Poverty in Rich Countries
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Would democratic socialism be better than capitalism at reducing or ending poverty in rich nations? The case that it would is weak. Social democratic capitalism has done well at boosting living standards for the least well off, even in the challenging post-1970s era. Moreover, the rich longstanding-democratic countries could eliminate poverty by increasing the generosity of their public social programs or by enacting a universal basic income or a negative income tax. Given the history of welfare state expansion over the past one hundred years, this seems doable within capitalism.
Faster Economic Growth
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Would democratic socialism be better than capitalism at achieving rapid economic growth? That is doubtful. We have very little understanding of what causes faster or slower growth in rich democratic nations. And the mechanisms through which socialism’s advocates posit that it will boost economic growth—more government steering of investment, less income inequality, reduced frequency and depth of financial crises—have no compelling evidentiary support.
Inclusive Growth
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Would democratic socialism be better than capitalism at achieving inclusive growth? Pay growth under socialism is unlikely to be faster than what we see in the contemporary Nordic countries with their strong labor unions. Would pay growth under socialism be better than under a capitalism with weak unions but with periodic tight labor markets, steadily rising sector-specific and occupation-specific minimum wages, widespread profit sharing, and an employment-conditional earnings subsidy that is indexed to GDP per capita? Perhaps, but it’s reasonable to be skeptical.
Helpful Finance
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Would democratic socialism do a better job at ensuring helpful finance? That’s doubtful. Capitalist financial systems tend to underfund disadvantaged individuals, businesses, and communities; they can potentially block valuable government policies; and they sometimes cause economic crises. But each of these problems can be remedied without abandoning capitalism, and nations with a social democratic capitalist orientation have made significant progress in doing so. And a socialist financial system is unlikely to be as effective at funding startups that unexpectedly yield improvements in living standards and quality of life.
A Livable Planet
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Would democratic socialism be better at minimizing climate change? A common version of this hypothesis says that only with socialism can we achieve a sizable reduction in economic output. But we don’t need to reduce economic output in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, doing so might be counterproductive, because people are more likely to support altruistic policies when the economy is advancing. A second version of the hypothesis says that in a capitalist democracy fossil fuel companies will block any attempt to move aggressively toward clean sources of energy. However, this has already begun to change—most notably in the Nordic countries and California, but in other nations as well. In any case, a transition to socialism wouldn’t come soon enough to help us address the climate problem, which must be more or less solved within the next 30 years.
Would Democratic Socialism Be Better Than Social Democratic Capitalism?
Authors: Kenworthy Lane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Should you favor democratic socialism? If you believe strongly in workplace democracy and are willing to mandate it, or if you attach a high priority to low levels of income and wealth inequality, then possibly yes. Otherwise, you might reasonably prefer to opt for social democratic capitalism, with which we have extensive experience, rather than take a chance on a system that is, to this point in history, untested. Over the coming half century, social democratic capitalism is likely to be the dominant socioeconomic model in the world’s rich democratic nations. This model might evolve to include more economic democracy and more public ownership of firms, which would bring it closer to what contemporary democratic socialists would like. But even if there is no such evolution, that might be okay. Social democratic capitalism isn’t perfect, but it is quite good.
Sight Unseen, Justice Unobserved
Authors: Granot Yael , Jones Kristyn A. , Balcetis Emily 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Is seeing knowing? The authors challenge the widely held assumption that perception is a veridical representation of reality and explore the implications of such perceived veridicality of the experience of visual evidence for legal judgments. Judges, policymakers, and the public value visual and in particular video evidence because most believe that what they see when watching video precludes all interpretations of case facts but the correct and truthful one. This naïve realism, however, is undermined by the limitations of both video as well as perceivers. Non-conscious biases in the way that people selectively attend to video evidence can determine whether one person “sees” evidence of guilt or instead “sees” evidence of innocence. The authors review factors that direct visual attention, such as group identity, threat, and expectation. They suggest that selective solicitation of visual information, as well as the failure to question one’s visual experience, challenge the ability for perceivers to establish truth, which may undermine the legitimacy of the legal system. They discuss implications for the trust people hold in their visual experiences.
Introduction
Authors: Dresher B. Elan , Hulst Harry van der 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter serves as an introduction to the volume. We review existing histories of phonology, and observe that this volume builds on the increased interest in the history of our field in recent years. We then set out the plan of the volume, which is divided into five parts: Part I, Early insights in phonology; Part II, The founders of phonology; Part III, Mid-twentieth-century developments in phonology; Part IV, Phonology after SPE; and Part V, New methods and approaches. In the rest of the chapter we discuss how the leading ideas that characterize contemporary phonology emerged and developed in the history of our field, with reference to the individual chapters. We conclude with a few general observations about certain recurring themes and tensions in the history of phonology that emerge from this volume.
The East Asian tradition
Authors: Duanmu San , Kubozono Haruo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter gives a sketch of phonological studies in three East Asian languages—Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The first section covers Chinese from ancient times to the present day. Historical issues of interest include annotation of pronunciation for a non-alphabetical orthography, compilation of riming tables, and reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. Modern issues of interest include tone features, tone sandhi, syllable structure, morphophonemic alternations, language games, stress, poetic rhythm, and word length preferences. The second section focuses on Japanese and illustrates how phonological notions such as ‘mora’, ‘pitch accent’, and ‘Lyman’s Law’ developed in the phonological studies of the language. The third section deals with Korean with primary focus on its writing system (Hangul), pitch accent, and the three-way contrast in consonants.
Nineteenth-century historical linguists’ contributions to phonology
Authors: Salmons Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter surveys selected 19th-century developments in historical and comparative linguistics as they helped lay foundations for or foreshadow major strands of modern phonological theory. Modern positions on numerous major issues in the field today were laid out by the time of the Neogrammarians and their opponents. These include views on the phonetics-phonology interface and the nature of mental grammar and representations, contrast, regular vs. irregular processes, and variation. For each issue, I sketch 19th-century views and place them in the context of current debates.