bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is the climate‐induced trapped figure?
Authors: Ayeb‐Karlsson Sonja , Baldwin Andrew W. , Kniveton Dominic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany will remember the 1990s alarmist narratives of how a human tide of up to a billion climate refugees would flood “our” borders by 2050. By 2011, a new character joined the discourse: the trapped figure. No longer would climatically vulnerable people be forced to move, they could also end up immobile. This review examines the narratives that surround the trapped figure. The article highlights the trapped figure's (i) characterisation, (ii) geography, and (iii) storytellers. The material includes the 2011 Foresight Report, 64 English peer‐reviewed journal articles, and seven UNFCCC policy reports. The textual analysis furthers our understanding of the values that shape the meaning of the trapped figure within the wider discursive economy. Out of the 64 articles, 48 located the trapped figure in Asia, while 34 placed the figure in Africa. Meanwhile, the majority of articles—62 in total—were written by scholars based at European research institutes. The study shows that the trapped figure, much as the mythical climate refugee and migrant, is constructed as both a victim in need of rescuing and as an ambiguous security threat. It is ethically problematic that planned relocation was often put forward as an effective tool to “move” the figure out of harm's way. The review also found a range of binary opposites in the discourse on trapped populations, including those of order–disorder, freedom–unfreedom, and victim–savior. This suggests that however well‐intentioned the liberal discourse on trapped populations appear, it remains embedded in power relations which demands for critical scrutiny.This article is categorized under:Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate KnowledgeClimate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐BeingPerceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate ChangeClimate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Gesundheitspolitik
Authors: Fattinger Bernhard , Dialer Doris 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungPandemiebedingt ist die seit Jahrzehnten steigende Bedeutung globaler Gesundheitsfragen nun unübersehbar geworden. Die Gesundheitsaußenpolitik und Gesundheitsdiplomatie sind eng mit der allgemeinen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, zahlreichen anderen Politikfeldern, dem internationalen Profil eines Landes, nationalen und regionalen wirtschaftlichen und (geo-) politischen Interessen verbunden und berühren Fragen der Health Governance auf globaler und europäischer Ebene. (Globale) Gesundheitspolitik könnte daher – auch in Österreich – als wichtiger Bestandteil der Außenpolitik verstanden und entsprechend neu konzipiert werden.
Die Außenpolitik gegenüber den Staaten Mittelosteuropas
Authors: Wineroither David M. 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Region Mittelosteuropa beschreibt ein natürliches österreichisches Interessenfeld. Eine im Zuge der Demokratisierung dieser (Nachbar-)Staaten angestrebte Führungsrolle erwies sich rasch als unrealistisch: die zentralen Akteur*innen heimischer Außenpolitik mussten erfahren und verstehen, dass in Fragen handfester Interessenpolitik keine gemeinsamen historischen Bezüge in Rechnung zu stellen sind! In Folge bediente man sich konventioneller Mittel zur Absicherung bedeutsamer Wirtschaftsinteressen und zur wenigstens symbolischen Untermauerung einer Scharnierfunktion zwischen „Ost“ und „West“.
Die Außenpolitik gegenüber den Staaten Afrikas
Authors: Gebrewold Belachew 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie österreichische Afrikapolitik fokussiert auf die Schwerpunktländer Äthiopien, Burkina Faso, Mosambik und Uganda, in denen Österreich intensiv in den entwicklungspolitischen Bereichen für menschliche Entwicklung arbeitet. Zudem spielt die Zusammenarbeit mit afrikanischen Staaten in Bildungsbereichen wie interuniversitären Netzwerken, Forschungsprojekten oder Stipendien eine wichtige Rolle. Obwohl die sicherheitspolitische Zusammenarbeit keine zentrale Rolle in der österreichischen Afrikapolitik einnimmt, ist sie im Zusammenhang mit Migrationspolitik dennoch nicht zu vernachlässigen.
Österreich im Europarat
Authors: Weiler Sarah 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden die Beziehungen zwischen Österreich und dem Europarat in fünf chronologisch aufeinanderfolgenden Phasen dargestellt und Schwerpunkte in der österreichischen Außenpolitik identifiziert, wobei es sich aufgrund mangelnder geschichts- oder politikwissenschaftlicher Literatur zum Thema lediglich um einen ersten Abriss handelt. Anschließend werden Wege und Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, um diese Beziehungen (außen-)politikwissenschaftlich zu untersuchen und damit den Erkenntnisstand zu einem bisher wenig beachteten Thema in der Analyse österreichischer Außenpolitik zu erweitern.
Die politischen Parteien
Authors: Ennser-Jedenastik Laurenz 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Außenpolitik gilt oft die Norm der Überparteilichkeit: Parteipolitik habe an der Staatsgrenze zu enden. Demgegenüber steht die Erwartung, dass Parteien im Wettbewerb ihre programmatischen Unterschiede betonen. In diesem Spannungsfeld untersucht dieser Beitrag die österreichische Außenpolitik seit 1945. Zwar herrscht tatsächlich mehr Konsens als in anderen Bereichen, doch treten auch deutliche ideologische Unterschiede zutage. Im Zeitverlauf steigt bei den Parteien vor allem das Interesse an Europapolitik, während verteidigungspolitische Fragen an Bedeutung verlieren.
Development of acetabular retroversion in LCPD hips—an observational radiographic study from early stage to healing
Authors: Leibold Christiane Sylvia , Whitlock Patrick , Schmaranzer Florian , Ziebarth Kai , Tannast Moritz , Steppacher Simon Damian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Acetabular retroversion is observed frequently in healed Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD). Currently, it is unknown at which stage and with what prevalence retroversion occurs because in non-ossified hips, retroversion cannot be measured with standard radiographic parameters.

Methods
In a retrospective, observational study; we examined pelvic radiographs in children with LCPD the time point of occurrence of acetabular retroversion and calculated predictive factors for retroversion. Between 2004 and 2017, we included 55 children with a mean age of 5.7 ± 2.4 years at diagnosis. The mean radiographic follow-up was 7.0 ± 4.4 years. We used two new radiographic parameters which allow assessment of acetabular version in non-ossified hips: the pelvic width index and the ilioischial angle. They are based on the fact that the pelvic morphology differs depending on the acetabular version. These parameters were compared among the four Waldenström stages and to the contralateral side. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive factors for acetabular retroversion.

Results
Both parameters differed significantly among the stages of Waldenström (p < 0.003 und 0.038, respectively). A more retroverted acetabulum was found in stage II and III (prevalence ranging from 54 to 56%) compared to stage I and IV (prevalence ranging from 23 to 39%). In hips of the contralateral side without LCPD, the prevalence of acetabular retroversion was 0% in all stages for both parameters. Predictive factors for retroversion were younger age at stage II and IV, collapse of the lateral pillar in stage II or a non-dysplastic hip.

Conclusions
This is the first study evaluating acetabular version in children with LCPD from early stage to healing. In the developing hip, LCPD may result in acetabular retroversion and is most prevalent in the fragmentation (stage II) and early healing stage (stage III). Partial correction of acetabular retroversion can occur after healing. This has a potential clinical impact on the timing and type of surgical correction, especially in pelvic osteotomies for correction of acetabular version.

Level of evidence
Level III, retrospective observational study.
The robustness of the generalized Gini index
Authors: Settepanella S. , Terni A. , Franciosi M. , Li L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a map $$\varPhi $$
Φ
, which we call zonoid map, from the space of all non-negative, finite Borel measures on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

with finite first moment to the space of zonoids of $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. This map, connecting Borel measure theory with zonoids theory, allows to slightly generalize the Gini volume introduced, in the context of Industrial Economics, by Dosi (J Ind Econ 4:875–907, 2016). This volume, based on the geometric notion of zonoid, is introduced as a measure of heterogeneity among firms in an industry and it turned out to be a quite interesting index as it is a multidimensional generalization of the well-known and broadly used Gini index. By exploiting the mathematical context offered by our definition, we prove the continuity of the map $$\varPhi $$
Φ
which, in turn, allows to prove the validity of a SLLN-type theorem for our generalized Gini index and, hence, for the Gini volume. Both results, the continuity of $$\varPhi $$
Φ
and the SLLN theorem, are particularly useful when dealing with a huge amount of multidimensional data.
The use of the Video Platform FlipGrid for Practicing Science Oral Communication
Authors: Kleftodimos Alexandros , Triantafillidou Amalia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOral communication and presentation skills are considered key competencies for many academic fields and professions, including science-related ones. Therefore, it is vital that students are given sufficient class time in the curriculum for practicing public speaking. It is well documented in the literature that video technology can be of valuable aid in enhancing oral skills, and FlipGrid is a relatively new video discussion platform that has become popular for this purpose. The aim of this study is two-fold. First, the literature regarding FlipGrid is explored to understand how educators around the globe use the platform. Second, a case study is presented where FlipGrid is used and evaluated as a tool for practicing and assessing oral science communication. A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate FlipGrid with the participation of 112 students. Findings indicate that although the use FlipGrid in science fields is limited, it can be a useful platform for practicing oral science communication.
Algebra, Geometry and Topology of ERK Kinetics
Authors: Marsh Lewis , Dufresne Emilie , Byrne Helen M. , Harrington Heather A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe MEK/ERK signalling pathway is involved in cell division, cell specialisation, survival and cell death (Shaul and Seger in Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Mol Cell Res 1773(8):1213–1226, 2007). Here we study a polynomial dynamical system describing the dynamics of MEK/ERK proposed by Yeung et al. (Curr Biol 2019,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.052) with their experimental setup, data and known biological information. The experimental dataset is a time-course of ERK measurements in different phosphorylation states following activation of either wild-type MEK or MEK mutations associated with cancer or developmental defects. We demonstrate how methods from computational algebraic geometry, differential algebra, Bayesian statistics and computational algebraic topology can inform the model reduction, identification and parameter inference of MEK variants, respectively. Throughout, we show how this algebraic viewpoint offers a rigorous and systematic analysis of such models.
Experiential Avoidance in Advanced Cancer: a Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Davis Sarah , Serfaty Marc , Low Joe , Armstrong Megan , Kupeli Nuriye , Lanceley Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with advanced cancer experience psychological distress due to physical symptoms, functional decline, and a limited prognosis. Difficult thoughts, feelings, and emotions may exacerbate distress and lead to avoidance of these experiences which is sometimes referred to as experiential avoidance (EA). Advanced cancer patients may be more likely to engage in EA especially when no obvious solutions to their problems exist. This study aims to examine the terms used to describe EA, the processes that might indicate EA, associations between EA and psychological distress, and to understand why individuals might engage in EA.MethodsA mixed-methods review. Literature search of Medline, Embase, Psych INFO, and CINAHL 1980–October 2019. Inclusion: adults ≥ 18 years; advanced cancer not amenable to cure. Exclusion: no measures of EA or psychological distress. Risk of bias and study quality assessed. Evidence of statistical techniques collected. Themes coded, grouped, and developed based on meaning.ResultsNineteen studies identified, 13 quantitative studies and 6 qualitative. The quantitative of which 6 compared early-stage cancers with advanced cancers and examined subscales of EA alongside mood, quality of life, and psychological distress. EA covers a range or terms of which ‘avoidant coping’ is the commonest. EA is manifest as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional avoidance. A thematic synthesis suggests the function of EA is to protect people from distress, and from confronting or expressing difficult emotions by avoiding communication about cancer, controlling negative information, and maintaining normality and hope and optimism.ConclusionsEA may be beneficial in the short term to alleviate distress, but in the longer term, it can impair function and limit engagement in life. Greater clinical awareness of the complexity of EA behaviours is needed. Clinicians and researchers should define EA precisely and be aware of the function it may serve in the short and longer term. Future research studies may consider using specific measures of EA as a primary outcome, to assess the impact of psychological interventions such as ACT.
Sun Safety: Knowledge and Behavior among Egyptian Farmers—a Multicomponent Intervention Study
Authors: El-Shafei Dalia A. , Said Randa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of study was to screen for health hazards related to sun exposure and to examine the effectiveness of a sun safety multicomponent intervention designed specifically for the Egyptian farmers. A multicomponent interventional study was conducted among 128 farmers from three villages in Zagazig district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from January to July 2022. It passed through three phases: phase 1: assessment of participants’ risk of skin cancer and vision screening; phase 2: filling a semi-structured questionnaire assessing sun exposure hazards and sun safety knowledge, behavior, and barriers; and phase 3: conducting multicomponent intervention composed of education session, providing sun safety supplies and reminders then evaluate the effect of this intervention after one month. Most of participants had moderate risk for skin cancer (69.0%), history of photokeratitis (77.3%), cataract (15.6%), and bad/very bad self-reported overall eyesight (43.0%). After intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in the participants’ awareness regarding sun exposure-related hazards, all knowledge items about sun safety measures (p < 0.01) and some sun safety behaviors (p < 0.05) including wearing protective clothing, minimization of direct sunlight exposure, taking breaks, plentiful water intake, regular self-checking of skin, wearing wide brimmed hats, and job rotation. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant improvement in all sun protection barriers (p < 0.01) except sunscreen and sunglasses related barriers (p ˃ 0.05). The multicomponent intervention composed of education session, providing sun safety supplies and reminders was effective in increasing awareness of farmers with sun exposure hazards and improving their knowledge and behavior towards sun safety measures.
Question routing via activity-weighted modularity-enhanced factorization
Authors: Krishna Vaibhav , Vasiliauskaite Vaiva , Antulov-Fantulin Nino 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuestion Routing (QR) in Community-based Question Answering (CQA) websites aims at recommending newly posted questions to potential users who are most likely to provide “accepted answers”. Most of the existing approaches predict users’ expertise based on their past question answering behavior and the content of new questions. However, these approaches suffer from challenges in three aspects: (1) sparsity of users’ past records results in lack of personalized recommendation that at times does not match users’ interest or domain expertise, (2) modeling based on all questions and answers content makes periodic updates computationally expensive, and (3) while CQA sites are highly dynamic, they are mostly considered as static. This paper proposes a novel approach to QR that addresses the above challenges. It is based on dynamic modeling of users’ activity on topic communities. Experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms competitive baseline models.
Rational framing effects and morally valid reasons
Authors: Żuradzki Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
I argue that the scope of rational framing effects may be broader than Bermúdez assumes. Even in many “canonical experiments,” the explanation of the judgment reversals or shifts may refer to reasons, including moral ones. Referring to the Asian disease paradigm (ADP), I describe how non-consequentialist reasons related to fairness and the distinction between doing and allowing may help explain and justify the typical pattern of choices in the cases like ADP.
Equation‐Free Surrogate Modeling of Geophysical Flows at the Intersection of Machine Learning and Data Assimilation
Authors: Pawar Suraj , San Omer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest in developing data‐driven reduced‐order models for atmospheric and oceanic flows that are trained on data obtained either from high‐resolution simulations or satellite observations. The data‐driven models are non‐intrusive in nature and offer significant computational savings compared to large‐scale numerical models. These low‐dimensional models can be utilized to reduce the computational burden of generating forecasts and estimating model uncertainty without losing the key information needed for data assimilation (DA) to produce accurate state estimates. This paper aims at exploring an equation‐free surrogate modeling approach at the intersection of machine learning and DA in Earth system modeling. With this objective, we introduce an end‐to‐end non‐intrusive reduced‐order modeling (NIROM) framework equipped with contributions in modal decomposition, time series prediction, optimal sensor placement, and sequential DA. Specifically, we use proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to identify the dominant structures of the flow, and a long short‐term memory network to model the dynamics of the POD modes. The NIROM is integrated within the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF) to incorporate sparse and noisy observations at optimal sensor locations obtained through QR pivoting. The feasibility and the benefit of the proposed framework are demonstrated for the NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (SST) V2 data set. Our results indicate that the NIROM is stable for long‐term forecasting and can model dynamics of SST with a reasonable level of accuracy. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy of the NIROM gets improved by almost one order of magnitude by the DEnKF algorithm.
MMP7 cleavage of amino-terminal CD95 death receptor switches signaling toward non-apoptotic pathways
Authors: Kenji Shoji F. , Kurma Keerthi , Collet Brigitte , Oblet Christelle , Debure Laure , Di Primo Carmelo , Minder Laëtitia , Vérité Franck , Danger Yannic , Jean Mickael , Penna Aubin , Levoin Nicolas , Legembre Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCD95 is a death receptor that can promote oncogenesis through molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Although the mature CD95 membrane receptor is considered to start with the arginine at position 17 after elimination of the signal peptide, this receptor can also be cleaved by MMP7 upstream of its leucine at position 37. This post-translational modification occurs in cancer cells but also in normal cells such as peripheral blood leukocytes. The non-cleaved CD95 amino-terminal region consists in a disordered domain and its in silico reconstitution suggests that it might contribute to receptor aggregation and thereby, regulate the downstream death signaling pathways. In agreement with this molecular modeling analysis, the comparison of CD95-deficient cells reconstituted with full-length or N-terminally truncated CD95 reveals that the loss of the amino-terminal region of CD95 impairs the initial steps of the apoptotic signal while favoring the induction of pro-survival signals, including the PI3K and MAPK pathways.
Purification and structural characterization of the Na+-translocating ferredoxin: NAD+ reductase (Rnf) complex of Clostridium tetanomorphum
Authors: Vitt Stella , Prinz Simone , Eisinger Martin , Ermler Ulrich , Buckel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVarious microbial metabolisms use H+/Na+-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ reductase (Rnf) either to exergonically oxidize reduced ferredoxin by NAD+ for generating a transmembrane electrochemical potential or reversely to exploit the latter for producing reduced ferredoxin. For cryo-EM structural analysis, we elaborated a quick four-step purification protocol for the Rnf complex from Clostridium tetanomorphum and integrated the homogeneous and active enzyme into a nanodisc. The obtained 4.27 Å density map largely allows chain tracing and redox cofactor identification complemented by biochemical data from entire Rnf and single subunits RnfB, RnfC and RnfG. On this basis, we postulated an electron transfer route between ferredoxin and NAD via eight [4Fe-4S] clusters, one Fe ion and four flavins crossing the cell membrane twice related to the pathway of NADH:ubiquinone reductase. Redox-coupled Na+ translocation is provided by orchestrating Na+ uptake/release, electrostatic effects of the assumed membrane-integrated FMN semiquinone anion and accompanied polypeptide rearrangements mediated by different redox steps.
Antiferromagnetic insulating state in layered nickelates at half filling
Authors: Jung Myung-Chul , LaBollita Harrison , Pardo Victor , Botana Antia S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe provide a set of computational experiments based on ab initio calculations to elucidate whether a cuprate-like antiferromagnetic insulating state can be present in the phase diagram of the low-valence layered nickelate family (R$$_{n+1}$$

n
+
1

Ni$$_n$$

n

O$$_{2n+2}$$

2
n
+
2

, R= rare-earth, $$n=1-\infty$$

n
=
1
-
∞

) in proximity to half-filling. It is well established that at $$d^9$$

d
9

filling the infinite-layer ($$n=\infty$$

n
=
∞

) nickelate is metallic, in contrast to cuprates wherein an antiferromagnetic insulator is expected. We show that for the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) reduced phases of the series (finite n) an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state can naturally be obtained instead at $$d^9$$

d
9

filling, due to the spacer RO$$_2$$

2

fluorite slabs present in their structure that block the c-axis dispersion. In the $$n=\infty$$

n
=
∞

nickelate, the same type of solution can be derived if the off-plane R-Ni coupling is suppressed. We show how this can be achieved if a structural element that cuts off the c-axis dispersion is introduced (i.e. vacuum in a monolayer of RNiO$$_2$$

2

, or a blocking layer in multilayers formed by (RNiO$$_2$$

2

)$$_1$$

1

/(RNaO$$_2$$

2

)$$_1$$

1

).