bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of breast‐cancer–related lymphedema after reverse lymphatic mapping and selective axillary dissection versus standard surgical treatment of axilla: A two‐arm randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gennaro Massimiliano , Maccauro Marco , Mariani Luigi , Listorti Chiara , Sigari Carmela , De Vivo Annarita , Chisari Marco , Maugeri Ilaria , Lorenzoni Alice , Aliberti Gianluca , Scaperrotta Gianfranco P. , Caraceni Augusto , Pruneri Giancarlo , Folli Secondo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe need for axillary dissection (AD) is declining, but it is still essential for many patients with nodal involvement who risk developing breast‐cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) with lifelong consequences. Previous nonrandomized studies found axillary reverse mapping and selective axillary dissection (ARM‐SAD) a safe and feasible way to preserve the arm's lymphatic drainage.MethodsThe present two‐arm prospective randomized clinical trial was held at a single comprehensive cancer center to ascertain whether ARM‐SAD can reduce the risk of BCRL, compared with standard AD, in patients with node‐positive breast cancer. Whatever the type of breast surgery or adjuvant treatments planned, 130 patients with nodal involvement met our inclusion criteria: 65 were randomized for AD and 65 for ARM‐SAD. Twelve months after surgery, a physiatrist assessed patients for BCRL and calculated the excess volume of the operated arm. Lymphoscintigraphy was used to assess drainage impairment. Self‐reports of any impairment were also recorded.ResultsThe difference in the incidence of BCRL between the two groups was 21% (95% CI, 3‐37; p = .03). A significantly lower rate of BCRL after ARM‐SAD was confirmed by a multimodal analysis that included the physiatrist's findings, excess arm volume, and lymphoscintigraphic findings, but this was not matched by a significant difference in patients' self‐reports.ConclusionsOur findings encourage a change of surgical approach when AD is still warranted. ARM‐SAD may be an alternative to standard AD to reduce the treatment‐related morbidity.
Optimized scheduling of multi‐user Map‐Reduce jobs in heterogeneous environment
Authors: Varalakshmi Perumal , Subbiah Sankari 
Published: October 2022

SummaryMap‐Reduce is a programming paradigm widely used for data intensive applications in distributed computing. Divisible load theory (DLT) is another model to partition divisible load for parallel processing. In this work, a new job scheduler named virtual job scheduler (VJS) is developed to schedule the MapReduce jobs based on DLT. VJS constructs a virtual job set from the queue of jobs awaiting execution by considering the CPU and IO resource utilization levels of each job. The core of VJS is in its partitioning algorithm. Two novel partitioning algorithms, namely, two level successive partitioning (TLSP) and predictive partitioning (PRED) have been proposed. TLSP applies DLT to both map and reduce phase in succession. This second load partitioning performed during the comparatively longer reduce phase, exploits the advantage of DLT better. PRED is a modification of TLSP aimed at optimizing the overall schedule length, by taking the idle time of the reducers into consideration. Evaluation of these two models across various execution environments has indicated a profound decrease in the wait time of reducers and as a result has shown a significant reduction in the makespan of the whole job as such. VJS altered to incorporate PRED partitioning algorithm has proved to be suitable for heterogeneous environment, with high resource utilization compared with the default Hadoop MapReduce scheduler.
Identification of factors associated with Fasciola hepatica infection risk areas on pastures via an environmental DNA survey of Galba truncatula distribution using droplet digital and quantitative real‐time PCR assays
Authors: Jones Rhys Aled , Davis Chelsea N. , Nalepa‐Grajcar Justyna , Woodruff Hayley , Williams Hefin Wyn , Brophy Peter M. , Jones Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for identifying the spatial and temporal presence and density of species in a range of aquatic habitats. The analysis of eDNA has a wide range of application, one of which may be to inform of Fasciola hepatica infection risk on pastures based on the detection of its eDNA as well as that of its intermediate snail host, Galba truncatula eDNA. Here, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) assays were developed to detect the eDNA of F. hepatica, and its intermediate snail host, G. truncatula in water samples collected from pastures grazed by cattle and/or sheep. Environmental factors associated with species presence, as detected via an eDNA survey, were identified using zero‐inflated linear mixed models. Sixty‐four habitats were sampled across six farms in Ceredigion, Wales, UK, with ddPCR and qPCR identifying 42 and 33 habitats to be positive for G. truncatula eDNA, respectively. G. truncatula eDNA was significantly less likely to be detected in habitats fully shaded by trees, those that contained black or dark brown soils and habitats that contained deep water pools (p < 0.05). Significantly higher G. truncatula eDNA concentrations were observed in habitats that tend to dry up during Summer (i.e., temporary habitats) (p < 0.05). ddPCR also identified five habitats to be positive for F. hepatica eDNA; however, questions remain regarding the utility of F. hepatica eDNA detection due to a lack of specificity toward infective F. hepatica larval stages. The results of this study inform of factors which influences G. truncatula distribution and ecology on pastures and also provided practical information for farmers to aid F. hepatica control in their flocks and herds.
Correlation between Absorption and Substitution of Photochromic 1,2‐Bis(thienyl)ethenes (BTEs) Using Modified Spectroscopic Hammett Equations
Authors: Nagorny Sven , Weingartz Thea , Namyslo Jan C. , Adams Jörg , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeries of photochromic 1,2‐bis(thienyl)ethenes possessing perfluorocyclopentene backbones, either hydrogen or methyl groups at the β‐positions of the thiophenes, and a variety of substituents in their α'‐positions were prepared, which cover the range from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing (Me, −CH2OH, −OTBS, −TMS, −Br, 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl, pyridin‐4‐yl, −CH2OH, −COOH). As a linear free energy relationship the spectroscopic Hammett equation gives fair to excellent fits to the excitation energy of the absorption maxima of the ring‐opened as well as the ring‐closed forms of the BTEs, when Hammett substituent constants σp were replaced by Brown's modified substituent constants σp+ and σp−. Vice versa, hitherto unknown Hammett‐Brown substituent constants can be estimated from the UV spectra. Furthermore, we compared the experimentally measured absorption maxima with values which we calculated by three different methods (DFT STEOM‐DLPNO‐CCSD/def2‐TZVPP, TD‐DFT ωB97X‐D3/6‐31G*, TD‐DFT ωB97X‐D3/6‐311++G**).
Graphite‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfones in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Galdino Danilo , Lima Jadielson C. , Vicente Dmistocles A. , Menezes Paulo H. , Navarro Marcelo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeveloping mild sustainable protocols for the synthesis of sulfones remains a challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the synthesis of sulfones from organic halides and sodium salts of sulfinic acids using graphite powder as reusable catalyst and water as solvent at room temperature. The reaction showed a broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance, easy extraction conditions, and the products were isolated without the need of further purification. When α‐halo‐ketones were used as substrates, the corresponding β‐ketosulfones were also obtained in good yields. The method is general and can also be used on larger scale.
The in vitro genotoxicity potency of mixtures of pyrrolizidine alkaloids can be explained by dose addition of the individual mixture components
Authors: Allemang Ashley , Mahony Catherine , Pfuhler Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant‐based 1,2‐unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are responsible for liver genotoxicity/carcinogenicity following metabolic activation, making them a relevant concern for safety assessment. Due to 21st century toxicology approaches, risk of PAs can be better discerned though an understanding of differing toxic potencies, but it is often mixtures of PAs that are found as contaminants in foods, for example, herbal teas and honey, food supplements and herbal medicines. Our study investigated whether genotoxicity potency of PAs dosed individually or in mixtures differed when measured using micronuclei formation in vitro in HepaRG human liver cells, which we and others have shown to be suitable for observing genotoxic potency differences across different PA structural classes. When equipotent concentrations of up to six different PAs representing a wide range of potencies in vitro were tested as mixtures, the observed genotoxic potency aligned favorably with results for single PAs. Similarly, when the BMD confidence intervals of these equipotent mixtures were compared with the confidence intervals of the individual PAs, only minimal variation was observed. These data support a conclusion that for this class of plant impurities, all acting via the same DNA‐reactive mode of action, genotoxic potency can be regarded as additive when assessing the risk of mixtures of PAs.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3‐WG4 omics working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational TASK force
Authors: Bindila Laura , Eid Tore , Mills James D. , Hildebrand Michael S. , Brennan Gary P. , Masino Susan A. , Whittemore Vicky , Perucca Piero , Reid Christopher A. , Patel Manisha , Wang Kevin K. , van Vliet Erwin A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force established the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various preclinical epilepsy research disciplines. This is the second in a two‐part series of omics papers, with the other including genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. The aim of the CDEs was to improve the standardization of experimental designs across a range of epilepsy research‐related methods. We have generated CDE tables with key parameters and case report forms (CRFs) containing the essential contents of the study protocols for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics of samples from rodent models and people with epilepsy. We discuss the important elements that need to be considered for the proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics methodologies, providing a rationale for the parameters that should be documented.
Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Seedat Zelekha A. , Rier Lukas , Gascoyne Lauren E. , Cook Harry , Woolrich Mark W. , Quinn Andrew J. , Roberts Timothy P. L. , Furlong Paul L. , Armstrong Caren , St. Pier Kelly , Mullinger Karen J. , Marsh Eric D. , Brookes Matthew J. , Gaetz William 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is a highly heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable etiology, manifestation, and response to treatment. It is imperative that new models of epileptiform brain activity account for this variability, to identify individual needs and allow clinicians to curate personalized care. Here, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to create a unique statistical model of interictal brain activity for 10 pediatric patients. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) data acquired as part of standard clinical care for patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. These data are routinely analyzed using excess kurtosis mapping (EKM); however, as cases become more complex (extreme multifocal and/or polymorphic activity), they become harder to interpret with EKM. We assessed the performance of the HMM against EKM for three patient groups, with increasingly complicated presentation. The difference in localization of epileptogenic foci for the two methods was 7 ± 2 mm (mean ± SD over all 10 patients); and 94% ± 13% of EKM temporal markers were matched by an HMM state visit. The HMM localizes epileptogenic areas (in agreement with EKM) and provides additional information about the relationship between those areas. A key advantage over current methods is that the HMM is a data‐driven model, so the output is tuned to each individual. Finally, the model output is intuitive, allowing a user (clinician) to review the result and manually select the HMM epileptiform state, offering multiple advantages over previous methods and allowing for broader implementation of MEG epileptiform analysis in surgical decision‐making for patients with intractable epilepsy.
Willingness to pay for policies to reduce health risks from COVID‐19: Evidence from U.S. professional sports
Authors: Humphreys Brad R. , Wagner Gary A. , Whitehead John C. , Wicker Pamela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAirborne transmission of the COVID‐19 virus increased the need for health policies to reduce transmission in congregate settings associated with minimal risk before the pandemic. While a large literature estimates tradeoffs between policies designed to reduce negative health outcomes, no empirical research addresses consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for health policies designed to reduce airborne virus transmission. Using survey data from 1381 fans of professional sports, we estimate consumers' WTP for reduced likelihood of coronavirus transmission through mask and social distancing policies using a stated preference approach. The results indicate increased attendance likelihood if the venue requires masks and limits attendance, with significant heterogeneity in WTP across risk scenarios and sports. We characterize consumers as casual fans who prefer a mask requirement but are indifferent to capacity constraints, strong fans who are anti‐maskers and prefer capacity constraints, and a second group of casual fans with positive WTP under both mask and limited capacity requirements. For example, casual fans' WTP for masking, $38 per National Basketball Association (NBA) game attended, is more than double their WTP for capacity constraints only. Strong fans' WTP for attending capacity constrained NBA games was $490, more than 400% higher than the pre‐pandemic average WTP of $105.
Investigating whether connecting people can promote subnational economic development: Evidence from China–ASEAN friendship cities
Authors: Pang Fangying , Tang Jingjing , Xie Hanwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhether maintaining a close relationship with China can benefit economic performance in the postpandemic era is a crucial concern for countries around the world. This study employs the difference‐in‐difference (DID) model and propensity score matching to estimate the impact of connecting people proposed by the Belt and Road Initiate (BRI) on the subnational economic development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) cities. The quasi‐natural experiment of DID is based on the establishment of China–ASEAN friendship cities. We capture the ASEAN subnational economic development by calibrated satellite nighttime light data. Our findings show that the establishment of a friendship‐city relationship has a positive impact on the subnational economic development of China–ASEAN cities. Further analysis indicates that bilateral trade, China's direct investment in contracted projects, and mutual visits by national leaders may be the underlying channels for boosting the economic development of China–ASEAN friendship cities. This study contributes to the literature on friendship city and provides ex‐ante implications on the BRI from the perspective of connecting people with first‐hand empirical evidence.
Diagnostic value of total testosterone and free androgen index measured by LC–MS/MS for PCOS and insulin resistance
Authors: Xu Sujuan , Liu Yun , Xue Kai , Liu Xiaoguang , Jia Genmei , Zeng Yu , Chen Yajun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to explore the clinical significance of steroid hormones in the diagnosis of PCOS and PCOS‐related insulin resistance through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA).MethodsThe study included 114 patients with PCOS and 100 controls. Steroid hormone levels in serum were measured using LC–MS/MS and CLIA. The Bland–Altman method was used to check the consistency between the two methods. The diagnostic value of the LC–MS/MS method for female hyperandrogenemia and PCOS was evaluated.ResultsWomen with PCOS were younger than controls on average (p < 0.001). PCOS patients had higher luteal hormone (LH, p < 0.001), insulin (p = 0.002), estradiol (E2, p < 0.001), total testosterone (TT, p < 0.001), free androgen index (FAI, p = 0.021), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA, p = 0.021), insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR) (p = 0.034), and fasting glucose (p = 0.017) levels than controls as measured by CLIA. The diagnostic value of TT was the best, and the area under the AUC curve was 0.766. Women with PCOS had higher androstenedione (A2, p < 0.001), FAI (p < 0.001), TT (p < 0.001), and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP, p < 0.001) levels than controls as measured by LC–MS/MS. The ROC curve showed that the diagnostic efficacy of A2, TT, and 17‐OHP was 0.830, 0.851, and 0.714, respectively. The consistency of TT detected by LC–MS/MS and CLIA was poor according to the Bland–Altman method. Detected TT by LC–MS/MS had the highest diagnostic efficiency for PCOS. The diagnostic power of the LC–MS/MS results for PCOS‐related insulin resistance was analyzed. The results showed that the FAI had the highest diagnostic power, with an ROC curve of 0.798.ConclusionLC–MS/MS is more sensitive and accurate than CLIA in the determination of serum TT and FAI. TT is more effective for the diagnosis of PCOS, whereas FAI is more valuable in the diagnosis of insulin resistance.
Investigation of deposition temperature effect on spatial patterns of MgF2 thin films
Authors: Shakoury Reza , Matos Robert Saraiva , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte , Rezaee Sahar , Arman Ali , Boochani Arash , Jurečka Stanislav , Zelati Amir , Mardani Mohsen , Ţălu Ştefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was used to characterize 3D MgF2 thin film surfaces through advanced analysis involving morphological, fractal, multifractal, succolarity, lacunarity and surface entropy (SE) parameters, consistent with ISO 25178‐2: 2012. Samples were synthesized by electron beam deposition, grown in three different temperatures. Three different temperatures of 25°C (laboratory temperature), 150 and 300°C were chosen. The temperature of 300°C is usually the highest temperature that can be deposited with the electron beam evaporation coating system. The substrates were made of glass (diameter 16 mm, thickness 3 mm), and the samples were prepared at a pressure of 5 × 10−5 Torr. The statistical results from the AFM images indicate that topographic asperities decrease with increasing deposition temperature, showing a decrease in roughness values. Regardless of the deposition temperature, all surfaces have a self‐similar behavior, presenting a very linear PSD distribution, and, according to our results, the sample deposited at 300° had the highest spatial complexity. On the other hand, surface percolation is increasing when temperature increases, indicating that its low roughness and high spatial complexity play an important role on the formation of their most percolating surface microtexture. Our results demonstrate that the lower deposition temperature promoted the formation of less discontinuous height distributions in the MgF2 films.
A quick pipeline for the isolation of 3D cell culture‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kyykallio Heikki , Faria Alessandra V. S. , Hartman Rosabella , Capra Janne , Rilla Kirsi , Siljander Pia R‐M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent advances in cell biology research regarding extracellular vesicles have highlighted an increasing demand to obtain 3D cell culture‐derived EVs, because they are considered to more accurately represent EVs obtained in vivo. However, there is still a grave need for efficient and tunable methodologies to isolate EVs from 3D cell cultures. Using nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) scaffold as a 3D cell culture matrix, we developed a pipeline of two different approaches for EV isolation from cancer spheroids. A batch method was created for delivering high EV yield at the end of the culture period, and a harvesting method was created to enable time‐dependent collection of EVs to combine EV profiling with spheroid development. Both these methods were easy to set up, quick to perform, and they provided a high EV yield. When compared to scaffold‐free 3D spheroid cultures on ultra‐low affinity plates, the NFC method resulted in similar EV production/cell, but the NFC method was scalable and easier to perform resulting in high EV yields. In summary, we introduce here an NFC‐based, innovative pipeline for acquiring EVs from 3D cancer spheroids, which can be tailored to support the needs of variable EV research objectives.
Assessing the impacts of climate change on women's poverty: A Bolivian case study
Authors: Escalante Luis Enrique , Maisonnave Helene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change affects men and women differently, and pre‐existing gender disparities may worsen. We use a gendered computable general equilibrium model linked with microsimulations to assess the distributive effects of climate change in Bolivia. Two scenarios are evaluated. The first scenario addresses capital and land damages, while the second analyses the decrease in agricultural production yields. We find that both scenarios have negative impacts on the Bolivian economy. The scenarios drive down employment and increase the burden of domestic work, especially for women. Furthermore, both simulations reveal negative impacts on poverty, with women in rural areas being the most affected.
Development of SARS‐CoV‐2 animal vaccines using a stable and efficient NDV expression system
Authors: He Lei , Zhong Jiaying , Li Guichang , Lin Zhengfang , Zhao Peijing , Yang Chuhua , Wang Hairong , Zhang Yuhao , Yang Xiaoyun , Wang Zhongfang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the continuation of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, the control of the spread of the virus remains urgent. Various animals, including cats, ferrets, hamsters, nonhuman primates, minks, tree shrews, fruit bats, and rabbits, are susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection naturally or experimentally. Therefore, to avoid animals from becoming mixing vessels of the virus, vaccination of animals should be considered. In the present study, we report the establishment of an efficient and stable system using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a vector to express SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein/subunit for the rapid generation of vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals. Our data showed that the S and S1 protein was sufficiently expressed in rNDV‐S and rNDV‐S1‐infected cells, respectively. The S protein was incorporated into and displayed on the surface of rNDV‐S viral particles. Intramuscular immunization with rNDV‐S was found to induce the highest level of binding and neutralizing antibodies, as well as strong S‐specific T‐cell response in mice. Intranasal immunization with rNDV‐S1 provoked a robust T‐cell response but barely any detectable antibodies. Overall, the NDV‐vectored vaccine candidates were able to induce profound humoral and cellular immunity, which will provide a good system for developing vaccines targeting both T‐cell and antibody responses.