bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling work participation for people with musculoskeletal conditions: lessons from work changes imposed by COVID-19: a mixed-method study
Authors: Morton LaKrista , Stelfox Kevin , Beasley Marcus , Jones Gareth T , Macfarlane Gary J , Walker-Bone Karen , Hollick Rosemary J 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo understand what we can learn from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown about what enables work participation for people with inflammatory arthritis and chronic pain conditions.DesignQualitative interviews embedded within an observational questionnaire study of individuals with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions.SettingUK primary care (general practices), and secondary care-based rheumatology services.ParticipantsIndividuals with axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and MSK pain from three established cohorts completed an online/paper-based questionnaire (July–December 2020). A subset of respondents were selected for semistructured interviews.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe survey quantified the effects of lockdown on work circumstances. Qualitative interviews explored the impacts of these changes and the advantages and disadvantages of changes in work circumstances.Results491 people (52% female, median age 49 years) who were employed at the time of lockdown responded to the questionnaire. The qualitative analysis included 157 free-text comments on work from the questionnaire and data collected within 18 interviews.Participants reported impacts on mental and physical health, and significant financial anxieties. The impact of work changes varied depending on individual and home circumstances. Some felt forced to ignore advice to shield and continue working. The flexibility offered by home working and changes in commuting enabled greater physical activity for some, while others missed the exercise normally undertaken as part of their commute. Others reported a constant need to be ‘present’ online, which heightened anxiety and worsened MSK symptoms.ConclusionLockdown showed that flexible working arrangements, which consider the positive and negative aspects of commuting, posture, movement, and work environment matter for work participation, and can have wider benefits in terms of health and well-being for those with long-term MSK conditions. Incorporating these into new models of work will help make the workplace more equitable and inclusive for people with long-term MSK conditions.
Long-term mortality of patients ablated for atrial fibrillation: a retrospective, population-based epidemiological study in Apulia, Italy
Authors: Di Monaco Antonio , Vitulano Nicola , Troisi Federica , Quadrini Federico , Guida Piero , Grimaldi Massimo 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Data on long-term risk and mortality after catheter ablation for AF are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate all-cause mortality and the long-term risk of death in patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF compared with the general population.DesignRetrospective, population-based epidemiological study.SettingWe analysed data from patients residing in Apulia region who underwent AF ablation between January 2009 and June 2019.Participants1260 patients (914 male, mean age 60±11 years).OutcomesVital status and dates of death to 31 December 2019 were obtained by using regional Health Information System. The expected number of deaths was derived using mortality rates from the general regional population by considering age-specific and gender-specific death probability provided for each calendar year by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated by dividing the observed number of deaths among patients by the expected number of deaths estimated from the general population.ResultsDuring follow-up (6449 person-years), 95 deaths were observed (1.47 deaths per 100 person-years). Although overall long-term mortality after AF ablation was not different to that of the general population (SMR 1.05 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.28; p=0.658)), the number of observed events was significantly increased in patients with heart failure (HF) at baseline or who developed HF during follow-up (SMR 2.40 (1.69 to 3.41; p<0.001) and 1.75 (1.17 to 2.64; p=0.007), respectively) and reduced in those without (SMR 0.63 (0.47 to 0.86; p=0.003)).ConclusionLong-term mortality of patients undergoing AF ablation is similar to that of the general population. Patients with HF had an increased risk while those without seem to have a better risk profile.
Mechanisms linking physical activity with psychiatric symptoms across the lifespan: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Ho Phuong Thuy , Ha Pham Bich Tram , Tong Thao , Bramer Wichor M , Hofman Amy , Lubans David Revalds , Vernooij Meike W , Rodriguez-Ayllon María 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPersistent psychiatric symptomatology during childhood and adolescence predicts vulnerability to experience mental illness in adulthood. Physical activity is well-known to provide mental health benefits across the lifespan. However, the underlying mechanisms linking physical activity and psychiatric symptoms remain underexplored. In this context, we aim to systematically synthesise evidence focused on the mechanisms through which physical activity might reduce psychiatric symptoms across all ages.Methods and analysisWith the aid of a biomedical information specialist, we will develop a systematic search strategy based on the predetermined research question in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Two independent reviewers will screen and select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. In case of inability to reach a consensus, a third person will be consulted. We will not apply any language restriction, and we will perform a qualitative synthesis of our findings as we anticipate that studies are scarce and heterogeneous.Ethics and disseminationOnly data that have already been published will be included. Then, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. Additionally, we will communicate our findings to healthcare providers and other sections of society (eg, through regular channels, including social media).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021239440.
Understanding engagement with Brown Buttabean Motivation, an Auckland grassroots, Pacific-led holistic health programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Savila F’asisila , Leakehe Paea , Bagg Warwick , Harwood Matire , Letele Dave , Bamber Anele , Swinburn Boyd , Goodyear-Smith Felicity 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe aim was to understand how participants engage with Brown Buttabean Motivation (BBM) a grassroots, Pacific-led holistic health programme and the meaning it has in their lives. The objectives were to explore the impact BBM had on all aspects of their health and well-being, what attracted them, why they stayed, identify possible enablers and barriers to engagement, and understand impact of COVID-19 restrictions.DesignQualitative study with thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews of BBM participants, followed by theoretical deductive analysis of coded data guided by Pacific Fonofale and Māori Te Whare Tapa Whā health models. In this meeting-house metaphor, floor is family, roof is culture, house-posts represent physical, mental, spiritual and sociodemographic health and well-being, with surroundings of environment, time and context.SettingInterviews of BBM members conducted in South Auckland, New Zealand, 2020.Participants22 interviewees (50% female) aged 24–60 years of mixed Pacific and Māori ethnicities with a mixture of regular members, attendees of the programme for those morbidly obese and trainers.ResultsTwo researchers independently coded data with adjudication and kappa=0.61 between coders. Participants identified the interactive holistic nature of health and well-being. As well as physical, mental and spiritual benefits, BBM helped many reconnect with both their family and their culture.ConclusionsBBM’s primary aim is weight-loss motivation. Many weight loss studies provide programmes to improve physical exercise and nutrition, but seldom address sustainability and other core factors such as mental health. Programmes are often designed by researchers or authorities. BBM is a community-embedded intervention, with no reliance external authorities for its ongoing implementation. It addresses many factors impacting participants’ lives and social determinants of health as well as its core business of exercise and diet change. Our results indicate that BBM’s holistic approach and responsiveness to perceived community needs may contribute to its sustained success.
Context, classification and study methodologies in research into nature-based therapies: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Moyers Samantha I , Abildso Christiaan G , Kelley George A 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionNature provides an array of health benefits, and recent decades have seen a resurgence in nature-based interventions (NBI). While NBI have shown promise in addressing health needs, the wide variety of intervention approaches create difficulty in understanding the efficacy of NBI as a whole. This scoping review will (1) identify the different nomenclature used to define NBI, (2) describe the interventions used and the contexts in which they occurred and (3) describe the methodologies and measurement tools used in NBI studies.Methods and analysisFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews, four databases will be searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) as well as cross-referencing for published and unpublished (masters theses and dissertations) studies on NBI in humans. Eligible studies must employ intervention or observational designs, and an English-language abstract will be required. Database searches will occur from inception up to the date of the search. Animal-based therapies and virtual-reality therapies involving simulated nature will be excluded. Independent dual screening and data abstraction will be conducted. Results will be analysed qualitatively as well as with simple descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages).Ethics and disseminationSince this is a scoping review of previously published summary data, ethical approval for this study is not needed. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/mtzc8).
Improving hand hygiene in a medical ward: a multifaceted approach
Authors: Poulose Vijo , Punithavathi A , Ali Marlini , Mohamad Assalam Faridah , Phyo Khine Khine , Soh Amanda , Tan Shi Hua , Li Jie , Ang Woo Boon , Chew Alvin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundHand hygiene is a fundamental action which is simple, inexpensive and an effective tool in reducing hospital-acquired infections, yet compliance remains low in healthcare settings. In 2014, Changi General Hospital embarked on a pilot project to improve hand hygiene compliance in a pilot ward with the intention to eventually spread a multifaceted set of interventions hospital wide.MethodsA before and after interventional study of a pilot project. Hand hygiene data collection was through direct observations by auditors using WHO monitoring standards and techniques based on the five-moment model.SettingA medical ward in an acute hospital in Singapore.ResultsOverall hand hygiene compliance improved from a median of 53% in 2015 to 80% by end of 2017. Hand hygiene compliance of doctors increased from 43% to 60% (p=0.00), nurses from 62% to 89% (p=0.014) and allied health staff from 67% to 83% (p=0.002).ConclusionsA multifaceted set of interventions developed by the project team was effective in improving hand hygiene compliance of doctors, nurses and allied health staff.
Evaluation of the NHS England evidence-based interventions programme: a difference-in-difference analysis
Authors: Anderson Michael , Molloy Aoife , Maynou Laia , Kyriopoulos Ilias , McGuire Alistair , Mossialos Elias 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe NHS England evidence-based interventions programme (EBI), launched in April 2019, is a novel nationally led initiative to encourage disinvestment in low value care.MethodWe sought to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy by using a difference-in-difference approach to compare changes in volume between January 2016 and February 2020 in a treatment group of low value procedures against a control group unaffected by the EBI programme during our period of analysis but subsequently identified as candidates for disinvestment.ResultsWe found only small differences between the treatment and control group after implementation, with reductions in volumes in the treatment group 0.10% (95% CI 0.09% to 0.11%) smaller than in the control group (equivalent to 16 low value procedures per month). During the month of implementation, reductions in volumes in the treatment group were 0.05% (95% CI 0.03% to 0.06%) smaller than in the control group (equivalent to 7 low value procedures). Using triple difference estimators, we found that reductions in volumes were 0.35% (95% CI 0.26% to 0.44%) larger in NHS hospitals than independent sector providers (equivalent to 47 low value procedures per month). We found no significant differences between clinical commissioning groups that did or did not volunteer to be part of a demonstrator community to trial EBI guidance, but found reductions in volume were 0.06% (95% CI 0.04% to 0.08%) larger in clinical commissioning groups that posted a deficit in the financial year 2018/19 before implementation (equivalent to 4 low value procedures per month).ConclusionsOur analysis shows that the EBI programme did not accelerate disinvestment for procedures under its remit during our period of analysis. However, we find that financial and organisational factors may have had some influence on the degree of responsiveness to the EBI programme.
Arrhythmia prevalence and sudden death risk in adults with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial disorder
Authors: Bourke John P , Ng Yi Shiau , Tynan Margaret , Bates Matthew G D , Mohiddin Saidi , Turnbull Doug , Gorman Grainne S 
Published: April 2022

AimsTo define the prevalence of non-sustained tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in patients with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial genotype and a previously defined, profile, associated with ‘high sudden-death risk’.Methods and resultsPatients at high risk of sudden death because of combinations of ventricular hypertrophy, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes family phenotype, epilepsy or high mutation load, due to the m.3243A>G mutation, were identified from a mitochondrial cohort of 209 patients. All recruited had serial ECG and echo assessments previously according to schedule, had an ECG-loop recorder implanted and were followed for as long as the device allowed. Devices were programmed to detect non-sustained brady- or tachy-arrhythmias. This provided comprehensive rhythm surveillance and automatic downloads of all detections to a monitoring station for cardiology interpretation. Those with sinus tachycardia were treated with beta-blockers and those with ventricular hypertrophy received a beta-blocker and ACE-inhibitor combination.Nine consecutive patients, approached (37.2±3.9 years, seven males) and consented, were recruited. None died and no arrhythmias longer than 30s duration occurred during 3-year follow-up. Three patients reported palpitations but ECGs correlated with sinus rhythm. One manifest physiological, sinus pauses >3.5 s during sleep and another had one asymptomatic episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia.ConclusionsDespite ‘high-risk’ features for sudden death, those studied had negligible prevalence of arrhythmias over prolonged follow-up. By implication, the myocardium in this genotype is not primarily arrhythmogenic. Arrhythmias may not explain sudden death in patients without Wolff-Parkinson-White or abnormal atrioventricular conduction or, it must require a confluence of other, dynamic, proarrhythmic factors to trigger them.
Characterisation and pore structure analysis of mortar incorporating valorised rice husk ash
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Singh Bhupinder , Mangat P.S. 
Published: April 2022

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterisation of as-received rice husk ash (RHA) samples sourced from four rice-growing regions (North, South, East, and West) of India is presented. Valorised RHA was obtained through controlled combustion at two temperature ranges (600–700 °C and 650–700 °C) of husks from the North in an industry set up. Valorisation efficacy has been tested through comparative characterisation of the valorised RHAs with the as-received RHAs from the four regions. Blending of 15% valorised RHA (in the beneficiated state) by weight of cement had no adverse effect on compressive strength even though water–binder ratio of the blended mortar had to be increased by 14% to achieve flow of the control cement mortar. Compared with the control cement mortar, porosity of the mortar blended with the beneficiated RHA measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) increased by up to 10% primarily due to an increase in the number of large mesopores (0.01–0.05 µm).
Pure Gauss–Bonnet NUT black hole solution: I
Authors: Mukherjee Sajal , Dadhich Naresh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe obtain an exact $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-vacuum solution in the pure Gauss–Bonnet gravity with NUT charge in six dimension, with horizon having the product topology of $$S^{(2)} \times S^{(2)}$$

S

(
2
)

×

S

(
2
)

. We discuss its horizon and singularity structure, and consequently arrive at parameter windows for its physical viability. It turns out that for the curvatures to remain function of r alone for NUT black hole spacetime, horizon topology has to be product of $$S^{(2)}$$

S

(
2
)

spheres. This is true for Einstein as well as for pure Gauss–Bonnet gravity, and perhaps would hold good for higher order pure Lovelock as well.
Multi-Omics Signatures Link to Ticagrelor Effects on Vascular Function in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tam Chor-Cheung Frankie , Chan Yap-Hang , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Li Zhen , Zhu Xiurui , Su Kuo-Jung , Ganguly Anindita , Hwa Kuoyuan , Ling Xuefeng B. , Tse Hung-Fat 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Long-term antiplatelet agents including the potent P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor are indicated in patients with a previous history of acute coronary syndrome. We sought to compare the effect of ticagrelor with that of aspirin monotherapy on vascular endothelial function in patients with prior acute coronary syndrome.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single center, parallel group, investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial. We randomized 200 patients on long-term aspirin monotherapy with prior acute coronary syndrome in a 1:1 fashion to receive ticagrelor 60 mg BD (n=100) or aspirin 100 mg OD (n=100). The primary end point was change from baseline in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation at 12 weeks. Secondary end points were changes to platelet activation marker (CD41_62p) and endothelial progenitor cell (CD34/133) count measured by flow cytometry, plasma level of adenosine, IL-6 (interleukin-6) and EGF (epidermal growth factor), and multi-omics profiling at 12 weeks.

Results:

After 12 weeks, brachial flow-mediated dilation was significantly increased in the ticagrelor group compared with the aspirin group (ticagrelor: 3.48±3.48% versus aspirin: −1.26±2.85%, treatment effect 4.73 [95% CI, 3.85–5.62],
P
<0.001). Nevertheless ticagrelor treatment for 12 weeks had no significant effect on platelet activation markers, circulating endothelial progenitor cell count or plasma level of adenosine, IL-6, and EGF (all
P
>0.05). Multi-omics pathway assessment revealed that changes in the metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids (cysteine and methionine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis) and phospholipids (glycerophosphoethanolamines and glycerophosphoserines) were associated with improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in the ticagrelor group.

Conclusions:
In patients with prior acute coronary syndrome, ticagrelor 60 mg BD monotherapy significantly improved brachial flow-mediated dilation compared with aspirin monotherapy and was associated with significant changes in metabolomic and lipidomic signatures.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03881943.
Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Gao Jing-Wei , You Si , Liu Zhao-Yu , Hao Qing-Yun , Wang Jing-Feng , Vuitton Dominique A. , Zhang Shao-Ling , Liu Pin-Ming 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To investigate whether obesity with or without metabolic syndrome is prospectively associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression and incident cardiovascular disease events.

Methods:

A total of 1730 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) were included (age, 40.1±3.6 years; 38.3% men), who completed computed tomography of CAC at baseline (year 15: 2000–2001) and follow-up (year 20 or 25). Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) was defined as body mass index≥30 kg/m
2
without any metabolic syndrome components in our main analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for several conditions characterizing 4 metabolic phenotypes.

Results:
During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 439 participants had CAC progression. MHO subjects had a significantly higher risk of CAC progression than their metabolically healthy normal weight counterparts (adjusted hazard ratios [95% CIs] from 1.761 [1.369–2.264] to 2.047 [1.380–3.036]) depending on the definition of MHO adopted. Obesity with unhealthy metabolic profile remained the highest significant risk of CAC progression and cardiovascular disease events whatever the definitions adopted for metabolically unhealthy status. Up to 60% of participants with MHO converted to metabolically unhealthy obesity from year 15 to year 20 or year 25. Further sensitivity analysis showed that MHO throughout carried a similar risk of incident cardiovascular disease events compared with metabolically healthy normal weight throughout.

Conclusions:
Different metabolic phenotypes of obesity beginning at a young age exhibit distinct risks of CAC progression and subsequent cardiovascular disease events in later midlife. MHO represents an intermediate phenotype between metabolically low- to high-risk obese individuals.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00005130.