bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offsetting Present Risks, Preempting Future Harms, and the Ethics of a ‘New Normal’
Authors: Nyholm Sven , Maheshwari Kritika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic has led some people to speak about a ‘new normal’, since we have temporarily had to radically change how we live our lives to protect ourselves and others from the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That expression – ‘a new normal’ – has been also be used in other contexts, such as in relation to societal disruptions brought about by things like new technologies or climate change. What this general idea of a ‘new normal’ means is unclear and hard to characterise, and there are diverging views about how to respond to a new normal, but one feature of a desirable new normal that most people would agree on is that it should be ‘safer’: safer technologies, safer institutions, and so on. But it is also important to consider what other ethical considerations and principles should be part of an ethics of a new normal. And it is also interesting to explore similarities and differences among different types of cases that can be classified as situations where we face a new normal. In this chapter, we will discuss the general idea of an ethics of a new normal, and consider what ethical distinctions, values, and principles are likely to be relevant in most instances where we face a new normal, including ethical considerations related to risk mitigation and ways of offsetting potential harms.
The Miners
Authors: Jinnah Zaheera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter has two main objectives: to introduce readers to the main characters of the book, the Zama Zama, or miners, and to outline in detail the process of informal gold mining. The chapter begins with some content on the extent of informal gold mining, followed by a rich ethnographic narrative of Sipho, an informal miner, and his pathway into informal mining. It then explains the process of informal mining in detail, from extraction to when gold enters the formal market. At each point, the story of a key individual involved in mining is discussed. Finally, the chapter concludes by placing informal mining with a decolonial context, showing how the Zama Zama regard mining as a bounty of the land and the Creator. This concept is returned to in subsequent chapters. The overall thesis statement in this chapter is that informal gold mining is a precarious livelihood activity for the poor and marginalised, but is unfused with carefully constructed rules and norms by the Zama Zama.
Setting the Agenda
Authors: Frischhut Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis book is based on the open access book entitled ‘The Ethical Spirit of EU law’ (Springer, 2019), which was the outcome of the previous Jean Monnet Chair on ‘European integration & ethics’. The European Commission under Erasmus+ has kindly supported the previous Chair and the current Jean Monnet Chair on ‘EU Values & DIGitalisation for our CommuNITY (DIGNITY)’. In this 2019 book I have argued to fill certain gaps that occur if EU law refers to non-legal concepts such as ‘ethics’, with reference to the EU’s common values, as well as the fundamental rights, especially of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The current book now continues where the previous book has ended and summarises the research output of the current Jean Monnet Chair. This chapter addresses the various objectives of this book. Which values affect which levels, the European Union (EU), the EU Member States, and individuals (objective 1)? What is the temporal, content-related, personal, and territorial scope of these values (objective 2)? What is the relationship of these values to each other, the relationship between values and fundamental rights, as well as the relationship with legal and or ethical principles (objective 3)? Finally, based on the identified status quo, the question of a possible ‘future direction of travel’ will be addressed (objective 4). This first chapter also sheds light on key terminology, such as ethics and morality, values, (general) principles of EU law, (mutual) trust, as well as soft- vs. hard-law.
General Introduction (De Lege Lata)
Authors: Frischhut Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the so-called ‘hub’ of Art 2 TEU, covering the general values of the EU. It also covers the different levels affected by these values, the European Union (EU), the EU Member States, and individuals (natural and legal persons). Besides the general values (Art 2 TEU), a selection of specific values, respectively, the application of these general values in specific fields are depicted. These fields comprise healthcare, sports, digitalisation, non-financial reporting, as well as lobbying. This chapter is setting the agenda in terms of both providing a general overview, and addressing some questions to be answered in the rest of this book.
Different Scopes and Implications (De Lege Lata)
Authors: Frischhut Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers the temporal, content-related, personal, and territorial scope of these values. Thetemporalscope (scoperatione temporis) addresses the historic development of EU values and addresses the ‘living instrument’ character of these values and of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Thecontent-relatedscope (scoperatione materiae) provides a detailed overview on the various values of human dignity, democracy, the rule of law, human rights (including those of minorities), solidarity, justice, equality, including equality between women and men, non-discrimination, freedom, pluralism, and tolerance. Within each section, the following questions will be addressed: What is the legal quality of the relevant concept: A value, a (general) principle (of EU law), an objective, and/or a fundamental right? Is the relevant concept defined, or at least to some extent determined (either in the Treaties, in EU Secondary law, or in case-law)? If not determined in law, can we find some clarification in philosophical literature? Where in EU law can we trace this concept? Thepersonalscope (scoperatione personae), addresses the question of who is entitled and who is obliged by the various values. Finally, theterritorialscope (scoperatione limitis), addresses the situation of values both inside and outside the EU27. Finally, the implications, of values in terms of the question of their justiciability and the possibility of restrictions are covered.
Synchronous Tools for Interaction and Collaboration
Authors: Lowenthal Patrick R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe history of distance education in many ways is a history about the evolution of synchronous and asynchronous communication technologies. Distance education, and online learning in particular, has primarily relied on asynchronous communication technologies over the years. However, COVID-19 has sparked a new interest in using synchronous tools for interaction and collaboration in open, distance, and digital education. Given this it is incumbent upon educators and researchers alike to be familiar not only with the current iteration of synchronous communication technologies but also with how they have developed and evolved over time, the affordances and constraints of synchronous communication, interaction, and collaboration, some of the different types, and the overall implications for future research and practice.
Consequences of the Dresden-II reactor data for the weak mixing angle and new physics
Authors: Aristizabal Sierra D. , De Romeri V. , Papoulias D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Dresden-II reactor experiment has recently reported a suggestive evidence for the observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, using a germanium detector. Given the low recoil energy threshold, these data are particularly interesting for a low-energy determination of the weak mixing angle and for the study of new physics leading to spectral distortions at low momentum transfer. Using two hypotheses for the quenching factor, we study the impact of the data on: (i) The weak mixing angle at a renormalization scale of ~ 10 MeV, (ii) neutrino generalized interactions with light mediators, (iii) the sterile neutrino dipole portal. The results for the weak mixing angle show a strong dependence on the quenching factor choice. Although still with large uncertainties, the Dresden-II data provide for the first time a determination of sin2θW at such scale using coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data. Tight upper limits are placed on the light vector, scalar and tensor mediator scenarios. Kinematic constraints implied by the reactor anti-neutrino flux and the ionization energy threshold allow the sterile neutrino dipole portal to produce up-scattering events with sterile neutrino masses up to ~ 8 MeV. In this context, we find that limits are also sensitive to the quenching factor choice, but in both cases competitive with those derived from XENON1T data and more stringent that those derived with COHERENT data, in the same sterile neutrino mass range.
Assessment of the dimension-5 seesaw portal and impact of exotic Higgs decays on non-pointing photon searches
Authors: Delgado F. , Duarte L. , Jones-Pérez J. , Manrique-Chavil C. , Peña S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Dimension-5 Seesaw Portal is a Type-I Seesaw model extended byd= 5 operators involving the sterile neutrino states, leading to new interactions between all neutrinos and the Standard Model neutral bosons. In this work we focus primarily on the implications of these new operators at the GeV-scale. In particular, we recalculate the heavy neutrino full decay width, up to three-body decays. We also review bounds on the dipole operator, and revisit LEP constraints on its coefficient. Finally, we turn to heavy neutrino pair production from Higgs decays, where the former are long-lived and disintegrate into a photon and a light neutrino. We probe this process by recasting two ATLAS searches for non-pointing photons, showing the expected event distribution in terms of arrival timetγand pointing variable|∆zγ|.
Majorana zero mode-soliton duality and in-gap and BIC bound states in modified Toda model coupled to fermion
Authors: Blas H. , Monsalve J. J. , Quicaño R. , Pereira J. R. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional field theory of a fermion chirally coupled to Toda field plus a scalar self-coupling potential is considered. Using techniques of integrable systems we obtain analytical zero modes, in-gap states and bound states in the continuum (BIC) for topological configurations of the scalar field. Fermion-soliton duality mappings are uncovered for the bound state spectrum, which interpolates the weak and strong coupling sectors of the model and give rise to novel Thirring-like and multi-frequency sine-Gordon models, respectively. The non-perturbative effects of the back-reaction of the fermion bound states on the kink are studied and it is shown that the zero mode would catalyze the emergence of a new kink with lower topological charge and greater slope at the center, in the strong coupling limit of the model. For special topological charges and certain relative phases of the fermion components the kinks can host Majorana zero modes. The Noether, topological and a novel nonlocal charge densities satisfy a formula of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer-type. Our results may find applications in several branches of non-linear physics, such as confinement in QCD2, braneworld models, high Tc superconductivity and topological quantum computation. We back up our results with numerical simulations for continuous families of topological sectors.
Dark matter freeze-in with a heavy mediator: beyond the EFT approach
Authors: Frangipane Evan , Gori Stefania , Shakya Bibhushan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study dark matter freeze-in scenarios where the mass of the mediator particle that couples dark matter to the Standard Model is larger than the reheat temperature, TRH, in the early Universe. In such setups, the standard approach is to work with an effective field theory (EFT) where the mediator is integrated out. We examine the validity of this approach in various generic s- and t-channel mediator frameworks. We find that the EFT approach breaks down when the mediator mass is between one to two orders of magnitude larger than TRH due to various effects such as s-channel resonance, a small thermally-suppressed abundance of the mediator, or decays of Standard Model particles through loops induced by the mediator. This highlights the necessity of including these contributions in such dark matter freeze-in studies. We also discuss the collider phenomenology of the heavy mediators, which is qualitatively different from standard freeze-in scenarios. We highlight that, due to the low TRH, the Standard Model-dark matter coupling in these scenarios can be relatively larger than in standard freeze-in scenarios, improving the testability prospects of these setups.
Derivation of the Linear Boltzmann Equation from the Damped Quantum Lorentz Gas with a General Scatterer Configuration
Authors: Griffin Jory 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is a fundamental problem in mathematical physics to derive macroscopic transport equations from microscopic models. In this paper, we derive the linear Boltzmann equation in the low-density limit of a damped quantum Lorentz gas for a large class of deterministic and random scatterer configurations. Previously this result was known only for the single-scatterer problem on the flat torus, and for uniformly random scatterer configurations where no damping is required. The damping is critical in establishing convergence—in the absence of damping the limiting behaviour depends on the exact configuration under consideration, and indeed, the linear Boltzmann equation is not expected to appear for periodic and other highly ordered configurations.
Nutzung und Akzeptanz webbasierter Angebote zur Alkoholabstinenz
Authors: Stüben Nathalie , Franke Andreas G. , Soyka Michael 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Prävalenzraten für Alkoholgebrauchsstörungen liegen in Deutschland bei ca. 6 %, alkoholabhängig sind ca. 3 %. Nur ca. 10 % der Patienten befinden sich in suchtmedizinischer Therapie. In der Früherkennung und -intervention besteht zudem eine deutliche Unterversorgung. Eine bislang nicht evaluierte Ergänzung zu bestehenden Interventionsangeboten ist der außerhalb der professionellen Suchthilfe von einer ehemaligen Betroffenen entwickelte Internetauftritt „Ohne Alkohol mit Nathalie“ (OAmN). Die vorliegende Pilotstudie hatte zum Ziel, herauszufinden, ob die Nutzer der OAmN-Angebote zu jenen zählen, die bisher vom Suchthilfesystem nicht erreicht werden konnten.

Methoden
Innerhalb von vier Wochen wurden Nutzer auf vier verschiedenen OAmN-Kanälen dazu aufgerufen, sich an einer anonymen Befragung zu beteiligen. Ein Link führte jeweils zu einem webbasierten Fragebogen. Dieser umfasste offene, geschlossene sowie Multiple-Choice-Fragen zum Konsummuster von Alkohol und bisherigen Therapiebemühungen.

Ergebnisse
Von 2022 Teilnehmern gaben 84,3 % (n = 1705) an, ein „Alkoholproblem“ zu haben oder es gehabt zu haben. Davon hatten 17,7 % (n = 302) die Diagnose einer Alkoholabhängigkeit und 21 % (n = 529) Therapieerfahrung. Sistiert hatten ihren Alkoholkonsum zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung 85,5 % (n = 1457) der Betroffenen. Die meisten davon (48,5 %, n = 705) mithilfe von OAmN. 97,5 % (n = 1662) waren während ihrer Konsumzeit berufstätig und haben aus eigener Sicht zu 34,3 % (n = 570) „sehr gut“, zu 43,2 % (n = 718) „gut“ funktioniert.

Diskussion
Die Pilotstudie zeigt, dass webbasierte Angebote wie OAmN Menschen erreichen können, die durch Angebote des etablierten Suchthilfesystems nicht erreicht werden, obwohl eine alkoholbezogene Störung vorliegt und eine Bereitschaft zur Verhaltensänderung im Hinblick auf den Alkoholkonsum besteht.
Influence of sub-surface deformation induced by machining on stress corrosion cracking in lead-free brass
Authors: Johansson Jakob , Bushlya Volodymyr , Obitz Charlotta , M’Saoubi Rachid , Hagström Joacim , Lenrick Filip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNew stricter regulations on lead (Pb) content in brass for use in certain applications is driving the industry from traditional leaded brass towards Pb-free alloys. However, machining induced surface integrity for such Pb-free alloys and related corrosion resistance are largely unknown. Two Pb-free brass alloys, CuZn38As and CuZn21Si3P, approved for use in drinking water applications, were machined under different cutting conditions, tool geometries and tool wear states. The resulting surface integrity and sub-surface deformation was characterized using nano-indentation, scanning electron (SEM) and ion microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The materials resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was assessed by exposing the machined samples to a corrosive substance in accordance with SIS 117102. The results show that tool wear is the most influencing parameter leading to stronger sub-surface deformation. This was especially pronounced for alloy CuZn38As, where for equivalent depth of deformation, the material exhibited higher degree of work-hardening compared to the other tested alloy. Subsequently, substantial stress corrosion cracking was registered for machined CuZn38As samples.
Principal $$\infty $$-bundles and smooth string group models
Authors: Bunk Severin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe provide a general, homotopy-theoretic definition of string group models within an $$\infty $$
∞
-category of smooth spaces and present new smooth models for the string group. Here, a smooth space is a presheaf of $$\infty $$
∞
-groupoids on the category of cartesian spaces. The key to our definition and construction of smooth string group models is a version of the singular complex functor, which assigns to a smooth space an underlying ordinary space. We provide new characterisations of principal $$\infty $$
∞
-bundles and group extensions in $$\infty $$
∞
-topoi, building on work of Nikolaus, Schreiber and Stevenson. These insights allow us to transfer the definition of string group extensions from the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of spaces to the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of smooth spaces. Finally, we consider smooth higher-categorical group extensions that arise as obstructions to the existence of equivariant structures on gerbes. These extensions give rise to new smooth models for the string group, as recently conjectured in joint work with Müller and Szabo.
Mutated Pkhd1 alone is sufficient to cause autoimmune biliary disease on the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic background
Authors: Adams David E. , Heuer Luke S. , Rojas Manuel , Zhang Weici , Ridgway William M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe previously reported that nonobese diabetic (NOD) congenic mice (NOD.c3c4 mice) developed an autoimmune biliary disease (ABD) with similarities to human primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), including anti-mitochondrial antibodies and organ-specific biliary lymphocytic infiltrates. We narrowed the possible contributory regions in a novel NOD.Abd3 congenic mouse to a B10 congenic region on chromosome 1 (“Abd3”) and a mutated Pkhd1 gene (Pkhd1del36−67) upstream from Abd3, and we showed via backcrossing studies that the NOD genetic background was necessary for disease. Here, we show that NOD.Abd3 mice develop anti-PDC-E2 autoantibodies at high levels, and that placing the chromosome 1 interval onto a scid background eliminates disease, demonstrating the critical role of the adaptive immune system in pathogenesis. While the NOD genetic background is essential for disease, it was still unclear which of the two regions in the Abd3 locus were necessary and sufficient for disease. Here, using a classic recombinant breeding approach, we prove that the mutated Pkhd1del36−67 alone, on the NOD background, causes ABD. Further characterization of the mutant sequence demonstrated that the Pkhd1 gene is disrupted by an ETnII-beta retrotransposon inserted in intron 35 in an anti-sense orientation. Homozygous Pkhd1 mutations significantly affect viability, with the offspring skewed away from a Mendelian distribution towards NOD Pkhd1 homozygous or heterozygous genotypes. Cell-specific abnormalities, on a susceptible genetic background, can therefore induce an organ-specific autoimmunity directed to the affected cells. Future work will aim to characterize how mutant Pkhd1 can cause such an autoimmune response.
Comorbidity characteristics of multiple myeloma patients diagnosed in Finland 2005–2016
Authors: Toppila Iiro , Kysenius Kai , Miettinen Tatu , Lassenius Mariann Ida , Lievonen Juha , Anttila Pekka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) patients are predominantly elderly with comorbidities that have an impact on patient mortality and treatment decisions. We previously reported the patient characteristics and overall survival outcomes of the Finnish MM cohort diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 in a nationwide retrospective registry study comprising 3,851 adults. Here, we report detailed comorbidity characteristics for this real-world Finnish MM population at cohort entry and during follow-up. Data on diagnoses and causes of death were obtained from Finnish healthcare data registries and interrogated using various multistate time-to-event models. In the year preceding MM diagnosis, comorbidities (as per Charlson Comorbidity Index definition) were recorded in 38.0% of the cohort, of which 27.9% presented with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 4.8% had suffered a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). At 2 years post-MM diagnosis, cumulative incidence for CVD and MACE more than doubled to 57.1% and 11.4%, respectively, and only 31.9% of the cohort remained CVD-free. Prevalent secondary malignancies were recorded in 16.8% of the patient population at MM diagnosis, with cumulative incidence increasing steadily to 27.5% at 2 years and 33% at 5 years post-diagnosis. The main cause of mortality attributed to MM, CVD, secondary malignancy, or other causes remained stable throughout the follow-up, at an average of 74.2%, 9.4%, 9.8%, and 6.5%, respectively. Prevalence of CVDs and secondary malignancies is high in Finnish patients at MM diagnosis, with older male patients suffering from higher MACE and mortality risk. Proper recording and management of comorbidities alongside novel treatments remain crucial for optimal MM management.