bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dimilin-25W for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 6 × 13 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination among plots. Plots were fertilized 22 May with urea at 110 lb nitrogen/acre. Rice was broadcast in each plot 22 May at 100 lb seed/acre. The plots were flooded 22 May and drained 24 h later. Propanil was applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre on 29 May and 16 Jun. On 19 Jun the permanent flood was established and maintained to maturity. Before the onset of the permanent flood and after the first irrigation on 23 May, additional irrigations were applied when the soil cracked from drying. On 9 Jul at panicle initiation, 60 lb nitrogen/acre in the form of urea was applied. Three and 9 days after the onset of the permanent flood, the Dimilin 25W treatments were applied with an atomizer supplied with COa propellant using a spray volume of 10 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 7 days after the onset of the permanent flood using a hand-held shaker. From 10 Jul to 20 Jul, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were randomly selected and removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Washed plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves. Plots were harvested at maturity on 25 Sep.
Insecticide Control of Pests on Sorghum in Arkansas, 1987
Authors: Steward V. B. , Yearian W. C. , Kring T. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Populations of sorghum webworm and corn earworm were observer 20 Aug feeding on sorghum (pre-milk), planted 20 Jun in Little River County. Insecticide treatments were applied to plots of 50 ft × 1 row. An untreatec buffer row was left between plots. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied using L backpack sprayer delivering 13.6 gal/acre at 30 psi through a single Teejet TX10 nozzle. Sprays were applied approximately 10-12 inches above the sorghun panicles on 20 Aug between 10 A.M. and 12 A.M. Ten panicles/plot were randomly tagged pretreatment. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluate! on 21 Aug (24 h postapplication) by selecting 5 of the tagged panicles from each treatment in each replication. The panicles were clipped and twirled in white plastic bucket, and the number of live sorghum webworms and corn earworms was counted. The other 5 panicles were hand harvested 25 Sep fron each row. The panicles were threshed and the grain was weighed. Data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple-comparison procedures
Slug Control in Soybeans, 1986
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Ressler Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted with no-tillage procedures on 29 May into an old alfalfa field that had been spring killed with glysophate (Roundup). Seeds with Magnum seed treatment were prepared by Gustafson Seed Laboratory; Mesurol-treated seeds were coated immediately prior to planting. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soybeans began emerging on 7 Jun, at which tim plots (8 rows × 20 ft) were outlined with hydrogenated lime to prevent slug migration between plots. Bait and spray treatments were applied in the evening:.- of 11 and 13 Jul for the first and second trials, respectively. Baits were formulated by adding each of the treatments to a mixture of 1 pt beer, 1 pt molasses and 2 qt water and blending with 1 cwt of cracked corn or shredded corn cobs. Baits were scattered evenly over the plots with an Ortho Whirlybird spreadei. Larvin spray was applied with a small-plot bicycle sprayer. Plots were evaluated the following morning by counting the number of dead slugs/0.25 m2 are 6 samples were taken per plot. Defoliation ratings were taken on 27 Jun by estimating the amount of feeding on the unifoliate leaves; 0, no feeding, to 4, heaviest feeding (&gt;50% defoliation). Slug populations were subsequently monitored in all plots with aluminum-covered roofing shingles for a month.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control on Soybean, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Patton V. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted in 30-inch rows on 30 May near Pittsville, Md., in a commercial field. At time of treatment on 23 Sep, the soybeans were in the pod fill stage of development. The infestation of Mexican bean beetles averaged 10-15 adults/6 ft of row. Treatment plots were 10 × 20 ft, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Posttreatment counts were taken 26 Sep by recording the number of adults in 2 6-ft sections of row/plot.
CONTROL OF SOYBEAN LOOPER ON SOYBEAN IN LOUISIANA, 1987
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against soybean looper and for residual control of Southern green stink bug. On 21 Aug the entire experimental area was treated with methyl parathion at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre in a successful attempt to stimulate an outbreak of soybean loopers. Test insecticides were applied on 3 Sep to R5 soybeans using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8002 nozzles. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 8 36-inch rows × 40 ft. Plots were sampled at 2, 5, 14, and 21 days posttreatment using a 15-inch-diam sweep net. A total of 0.33 inches of rain fell between 5 and 14 days posttreatment.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Insect Control in Georgia Soybeans, 1987
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Padgett M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to examine the efficacy of selected insecticides against soybean insect pests. Test 1 was applied on 18 Aug to 'Forrest' soybean and Test 2 was applied on 14 Sep to 'Braxton' soybean Both fields were planted on 20 May at the University of Georgia Extension Research Center at Attapulgus. Individual plots in both tests were 6 rows × 5(ft with 6-ft alleys between replicates. A complete randomized block experimental design with 4 replications was used. Each spray concentrate was appliei1 with a CO2-powered compressed-air sprayer, with TX-12 nozzles, at 32 psi (at the boom) that delivered 22.9 gal/acre of formulation. Individual treatment; were evaluated at either 2 or 3 days and at 7 days after application by comparing the number of insects/25 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreatec; checks. A 15-inch-diam net passed through the foliage of a single row on each sampling date constituted a sweep.
Control of Banded Sunflower Moth and Sunflower Moth, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Ford Harlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A range on the Southwest Experiment Station at Lamberton, Minn., was planted to sunflower the last week of May. Plots were 4 30-inch rows arranged in a randomized complete block and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were broadcast at 40 psi in 17 gal/acre total material using a hand-held CO2 sprayer. The temperature at application was 96°F and plant stage was 5.1 (20) (Schneiter & Miller, 1981). All heads were taken from the 2 center rows and threshed without air, an uncleaned sample was removed for damaged seed counts and cleaned, and both samples were weighed together. Yields were calculated and means were compared.
Laboratory Tests with Insect Growth Regulators Against Larvae of the Darksided Cutworm, 1986
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insect growth regulators, Alsystin (triflumuron) and HOE 000522, were evaluated in the laboratory with treated tobacco leaves against darksided cutworms. Tests were conducted on laboratory-reared third- and fifth-instar larvae. A randomized block design of 7 treatments for each tested larval stage was used with 5 replications. Larvae in each tested stage were separated into groups of 10 and placed in 4-inch Petri dishes. Tobacco leaves were dipped in 3 rates of water suspensions of each material. The treated leaves were air dried and placed in the Petri dishes with the larvae. After 3 days, the treated leaves were replaced every other day with fresh, untreated leaves. Rearing was conducted at room temperature (72-74°F) and 16 h photoperiod. Mortality was assessed daily for , 15 days by counting the number of dead larvae in each dish. Thereafter, the number of living pupae and emerged adults were recorded for each treatment. Results have been presented as the number and percentage of dead or live cutworms in each treatment.
Control of Tobacco Insect Pests with Various Formulations of Bacillus Thuringiensis, Thuringiensin, and Fenoxycarb, 1987
Authors: Michael Jackson D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), three new B. thuringiensis strains, fenoxycarb, and thuringiensin (P-exotoxin) were tested for control of tobacco budworm and tobacco hornworm larvae on flue-cured tobacco at Oxford, N.C. Orthene Tobacco Insect Spray (TIS, 75% soluble powder) was used as an insecticide standard. Tobacco was transplanted on 20 May and 3 Jun into 2 fields of Helena sandy loam that had been treated with isopropalin (Paarlan, 1.68 kg [AI]/ha) and metalaxyl (Ridomil 2E, 0.56 kg [AI]/ha) for weed and disease control, respectively. Diphenamid (Enide 90W, 4.48 kg [AI]/ha) was applied on 26 Jun to extend weed control. Plants were placed on 56-cm centers with 1.2 m between rows. Single-row plots of 20 plants each were set up in randomized complete block designs with 5 replicates for each experiment. On 27 Jul, plants in half of the early-planted field ;were cut off to 10 cm above the ground. One sucker was allowed to regrow from each plant, and this regrowth was used in Experiments 5 and 6. Plants were infested with 2 3-day-old tobacco budworm larvae (Experiments 1, 2, 5, and 6) or 2 3-day-old tobacco hornworm larvae (Experiments 3 and 4) from laboratory colonies on 26 Jun; 7, 15, and 22 Jul; 26 Aug; and 2 Sep for Experiments 1-6, respectively. Seldom does more than 1 budworm larvae/plant survive ‘in the untreated controls. A new tobacco budworm laboratory colony is started yearly from larvae collected from tobacco in the late summer. The tobacco hornworm colony has been in continuous culture for 22 years. Plots were treated on 29 Jun; 10, 17, and 24 Jul; 28 Aug; and 3 Sep. Sprays were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer, equipped with a flat-fan nozzle, at a rate of 234 liters/ha with 4.1 × 10° Pa. Granular materials were measured into individual 30-ml cups for each plant, then sprinkled by hand from a height of 15-30 cm over each tobacco bud. Some granules were distributed over the plant, into the bud as well as on lower leaves. Live larvae were counted 3 and 7 days after spraying, except for experiment 6 which was checked only 6 days after spraying. All count data, x, were transformed to × + 0.5 before analysis of variance; means in the tables were calculated from untransformed data. ; Treatment means were separated using Waller-Duncan K-ratio r-test; K = 100, a = 0.05.
Control of Tobacco Budworms with Foliar Insecticides, 1987
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured NC2326’ tobacco was transplanted on 1 May in a field of Ocilla loamy sand. Plots of 4 rows (44 inches apart) × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows, and blocks were separated by 5-ft vacant alleys. Eight insecticide treatments were applied on 16 Jun with a COa - powered backpack sprayer delivering 26 gal formulation/acre at 35 psi (nozzle pressure). A single TX12 hollow-cone nozzle delivered the spray directly over the center of each row. Weather conditions at application were cloudy, 85°F, and near calm. A light drizzle occurred within 1 h of the last application, and a 0.14-inch rainfall was recorded during the night. The number of live budworms/10 plants from the 2 center rows of each plot were recorded 3 and 7 days after application.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1987
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Taylor J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured ‘NC2326’ tobacco was transplanted at the Bowen Farm site at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. on 1 May in a field of Ocilla loamy sand. Plots of 2 rows (44 inches apart) × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5-ft vacant alleys. Seven insecticide treatments were applied on 6 Jul with a C02-powered backpack sprayer delivering 26 gal of formulation/acre at 35 psi. A single TX12 hollow-cone nozzle, directed over the center of each row, was used to deliver the product. Weather conditions at application were partly cloudy, 93°F, and light wind. No rainfall was recorded on 6 Jul; 0.17 and 0.32 inches were recorded on 7 and 8 Jul, respectively. Numbers of live green peach aphids per 4 upper leaves were recorded on plants 3 and 5 of each plot 3, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment.
Tobacco Budworm and Tobacco Hornworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1987
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Padgett M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco ‘NC2326’ was transplanted at the Bowen Farm site at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga., on 1 May in a field of Ocilla loamy sand soil. Plots of 4 rows (44 inches apart) × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5-ft vacant alleys. Five insecticide treatments were applied on 24 Jul with a C02-powered backpack sprayer delivering 26 gal/acre of formulation at 35 psi. A single TX12 hollow-cone nozzle was placed directly over the center of each row. Weather conditions were cloudy, 95°F, and light wind (&lt;5 mph) at time of application. No rainfall was recorded on 24.Jul; however 0.26 inch was recorded on 25 Jul. The number of live hornworms and budworms/10 plants on row 2 of each plot was recorded 4, 7, and 14 days posttreatment.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of the Russian Wheat Aphid in Kansas, 1987
Authors: DePew L. J. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was conducted in Wallace County near Sharon Springs. Treatments were applied with a C02-activated, backpack sprayer equipped with an 8-ft boom. Plots were 18 × 24 ft and each treatment was replicated 3 times. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 12.8 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plots were sprayed on 8 May when wheat plants were in the boot stage. Samples were taken prior to treatment and at 4, 10, and 21 days posttreatment. Ten stems were collected/plot and placed in Berlese funnels to i xtract the aphids into alcohol. The samples were then filtered to separate the aphids from the alcohol and counted using a microscope. Yields were taken en 18 Jun by hand harvesting 32 ft of row from each plot (8 ft from each of 4 rows). Samples were allowed to air dry and then were threshed using a stationary thresher.
Control of Annual White Grubs in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1987
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Shearman R. C. , Wit L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were applied to 3- × 6-ft plots in a lawn in Lincoln, Nebr. (Lancaster County), on 10 Jul. Granular formulations were combined with 4.8 oz Milorganite, which served as a carrier, and were hand shaken over plots. Liquid formulations were applied with a C02 sprayer using a LF-4 nozzle at 28 psi and a spray rate of 4 gal/1000 sq ft. To ensure uniformity among plots, 4.8 oz of Milorganite also was applied to plots receiving liquid formulations and over untreated checks. The experiment was replicated 4 times using a randomized complete block design. Immediately following insecticide applications, the test area was irrigated with approximately 0.5 inches of water. An additional 1.0 inch of water was applied during the next 2 wk. No rainfall occurred during the posttreatment period. Product efficacy was evaluated 14 days after application (24 Jul) by removing 2 sections of sod, 1-sq-ft × 4 inches deep, from each plot and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Spring Control of Northern Masked Chafer and Asiatic Garden Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Snyder County, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The rough consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (60%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (10%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade of sand top dressing to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (27 Apr), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 56°F; soil temperature, 58°F RH 42%; amount of thatch, 0.25-1.0 inches; soil type, loam; soil size separation, 38.2% sand, 43.6% silt, 18.2% clay; soil moisture, 8.5%; soil pH 6.5; % organic matter, 2.8; water pH, slightly acidic; 3.0 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. The experimental area was not irrigated after treatment. Posttreatment counts were made 24 days later (21 May). Three sq ft sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of northern masked chafer and Asiatic garden beetle grubs/sq ft was recorded. An average of 17.7 northern masked chafer grubs and Asiatic graden beetle grubs/sq ft was recorded on 27 Apr
Spring Control of Bluegrass Billbug on Kentucky Bluegrass Plots At University Park, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The field plots consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi and delivering 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and mixed with a fine grade of sand top dressing to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (6 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature 68°F; RH 48%; amount of thatch, 0.25|0.7S| inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil size separation, 20.2% sand, 59.6% silt, 20.2% clay; soil moisture, 28.0%; soil pH 5.4; % organic matter, 4.7; water pH,' slightly acidic; 6.1 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. The experimental area was irrigated 18 h after treatment with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 69 days later (7 Jul). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing 4 0.087-sq-ft sod samples from each; replicate, and the total bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a sq-ft count. Sod samples were removed with 4-inch cup cutter.
Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Granular Insecticides and Entomogenous Nematodes on a Golf Course, 1987
Authors: Villani M. G. , Consolie F. , Preston-Wilsey L. , Wright R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides and a species of entomogenous nematode were applied to a fairway at Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Sleepy Hollow, N.Y., on 20 Aug for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), bentgrass (15%), and broadleaf weeds (&lt;5%). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 × 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. The nematodes, a dessicated formulation of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (strain NC 25), were applied at a rate of 5 billion/acre in 11.4 liters of water through a sprinkling can to the center 4 sq ft of each plot. At treatment time (20 Aug) the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature, 74°F (1 inch), 72°F (3 inch); soil pH 5.7; water pH 9.89; organic matter, 10.2%; soil moisture, 27.0%; soil texture, coarse sand, 8.1%, medium sand, 41.6%, fine sand, 27.6%, very fine sand, 14.3%, and silt and clay, 7.8%; thatch was 0.25-0.5 inches deep. One-half inch of irrigation was applied after treatment. Posttreatment counts were taken on 22 Sep by cutting a 1- by 10-ft strip (2.25 inches deep) lengthwise through the middle of each plot with a mechanical sod cutter and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. A 3-sq-ft sample of sod was examined in each plot, and the surviving grubs were counted. Grub species identifications were made in the field. At this time Japanese beetle grubs and European chafer grubs were predominantly third instars.
Fall Control of Oriental Beetle Grubs with Experimental and Labeled Insecticides and Entomogenous Nematodes on a Golf Course, 1987
Authors: Villani M. G. , Wright R. J. , Consolie F. , Preston-Wilsey L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides and 1 species of entomogenous nematode were applied to a fairway at Fresh Meadow Country Club, Great Neck, Long Island, N.Y., on 12 Aug for control of Oriental beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), bentgrass (15%), and braoadleaf weeds (&lt;5%). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 × 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Candy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were measured in the laboratory and applied in 2 directions within each plot with 11.4 liters (3 gal) of water through a watering can. At treatment time (12 Aug) the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature, 66°F (1 inch), 64°F (3 inches); soil pH 6.2; water pH 6.65; soil moisture, 20.3%; soil texture, 6.9% coarse sand, 48.8% medium sand, 30.2% fine sand, 9.0% very fine sand, and 4.9% silt and clay; thatch, dense, &gt;0.5 inches. Following treatment, the plots received 0.5 inches of irrigation by sprinkler system. The nematodes, Heterorhahditis sp. (strain HP 88), were applied on 20 Aug at a rate of 5 billion/ acre in 5 liters of water through a sprinkling can to the center 4 sq ft of each plot. The nematode application site was immediately watered in by hand with additional water for a total of 11.4 liters. At this time air temperature was 82°F and soil temperature (1 inch) was 79°F. Posttreatment counts were taken on 21 Sep by cutting a 1- × 3-ft strip lengthwise through the middle of each plot by hand and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. A 3-sq-ft sample of sod was examined in each plot, and the surviving grubs were counted. Grub species identifications were made in the field. At this time oriental beetle grubs were 80% third instars and 20% second instars. Only the high rate of Sevin SL significantly reduced Oriental beetle grubs at this site. No phytotoxicity was seen in any of the plots.