bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bhutanese Pre-service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs towards Teaching Secondary Mathematics
Authors: Tshewang Rinchen , Tobgay Tshewang , Phuntsho Thinley 
Published: September 2022

Prospective teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs determine the success of teaching and learning in their future professional practices. Teachers with high self-efficacy are believed to have more confidence and success in teaching as compared to those teachers with low self-efficacy. Thus, this study aimed at examining the Bhutanese pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching secondary mathematics. The study employed a survey design within the positivist methodological framework. The study consisted of 81 pre-service teachers who responded to the secondary mathematics teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire (SMTSEBQ), an abridged version of several past instruments. This instrument assessed their perceived self-efficacy in terms of process standards of school mathematics. Findings of the study revealed that the Bhutanese pre-service teachers generally perceived their self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching mathematics somewhat positively. Comparison of the pre-service teachers’ mean scores on the five SMTSEBQ scales in terms of gender revealed that there was a statistically significant difference for problem-solving and reasoning-proof scales. In regard to programme level, there was a statistically significant difference in their self-efficacy beliefs on the four scales, except for the communication scale. The study is distinctive because it is the first study investigating into the pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching secondary mathematics in Bhutanese context.
POPÜLER BİR TAMAMLAYICI TIP TEDAVİSİ: PROLOTERAPİ
Authors: ÖRSÇELİK Aydan , SOLMAZ İlker 
Published: September 2022

Kronik kas iskelet sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisinde
neredeyse yüz yıllardır kullanılan bir tamamlayıcı tıp
tedavi yöntemi olan proloterapi son on yılda hem Türkiye
hem de dünyada popüler hale gelmiştir. Proloterapi
yönteminin uygulayıcıları tarafından “hastalığı
tedavi ederek ağrıda ve fonksiyonlarda iyileşme sağladığı,
yaşam kalitesini artırdığı” bilinmektedir. Son
dönemde kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte daha
çok çalışma yapılmakta ve kanıta dayandırılmaktadır.
Bu derleme ile proloterapi tedavisi hakkında güncel
literatür ile desteklenmiş bilgiler aktarılmıştır.
Effectiveness and safety of intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Results of a single centre study
Authors: Dahiya Arun Kumar , Motlekar Nadeem , Singh Mrinalini , Khapoliwala Jerestyn 
Published: September 2022

: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of intravenous alteplase (tPA) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In this prospective observational study, adult patients with ischemic stroke were treated with intravenous alteplase. We recorded baseline demographics and NIHS score was calculated at baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days. Improvement was assessed by evaluating total NIH stroke score at different time points. Based on the neurological assessment, patients were categorised into three categories: unchanged (U), improving (I) and deteriorating (D). Blood pressure was closely monitored until 24 hours after infusion of alteplase. Both neurological assessment and blood pressure was monitored every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours after start of infusion, then every 30 minutes for next 6 hours, and hourly from the post infusion hour until 24 hours after infusion. Twenty-six patients [male 16 (61.50%); female 10 (38.50%)] between 34 to 86 years of age were enrolled in this study. Total NIHS score reduced from 10.77 (+5.01) at pre-treatment to 4.04 (+4.00) at 7 days. The improvement in NIHS score at two hours versus pre-treatment (p&#60;0.001), at 24 hours versus 2 hours (p=0.002) and 7 days versus 24 hours (p&#60;0.001) was statistically significant. Clinically no significant change was observed in the blood pressure of the patients till 24 hours after thrombolysis. At the end of 24 hours, 40% patients showed improved status and in 60% patients, status was unchanged. Intravenous alteplase is effective and safe treatment approach for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. No major complications were observed in this study.
Multi-staged approach for safe removal of tentorial meningioma – A case report
Authors: Rege Ishant , Ranade Deepak , More Bhagirath 
Published: September 2022

Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare and comprise only 0.3-1.1% of all meningiomas. The choice of surgical strategy for such lesions is not straightforward. 46 year old female came to our institute with complaints of gradually intensifying headache since 3 months which had aggravated over a period of 5 days. MRI Brain with contrast was done which showed a large, well circumscribed, lobulated, midline, extra-axial lesion attached to the posterior third of the falx and the anterior lip of the tentorium. The surgical plan was to excise the infra tentorial portion, for which a Steins (supra cerebellar infra tentorial) approach was deployed. Attempts to approach the supratentorial portion by incising the tentorium were unsuccessful as the required trajectory was far too acute. The supra tentorial portion would have to be approached by a more cranial trajectory, and hence it was decided to tackle that portion at a second stage. Some tumors may not be amenable to total excision in a single sitting. This case is being reported to underline the importance of a delayed 2 stage approach to excise this complex genre of Falcotentorial meningiomas which invade the supra and infra tentorial compartments.
Surgery for Lumbar disc prolapse in pregnancy: Case series
Authors: Bharti Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Low back pain during pregnancy due to weight gain, biomechanical changes, increase level of relaxin hormone produced by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, are the probable etiologies. Lumbar disc herniation causing radicular pain during pregnancy is a rare clinical entity. Surgical management during pregnancy poses high risk to the developing fetus and the mother. Key issues to be considered are the diagnostic tests, Indications for surgery, timing of surgery in respect of gestation, anesthesia and drugs, operative positioning, and continuation of pregnancy after surgery.Herein, author present three cases of lumbar disc prolapse causing low back pain with radiculopathy in pregnancy.
Potential role of herbal medicinal agents against COVID-19 infection
Authors: Sultan Nishat , Kaur Mandeep , Sultan Amina 
Published: September 2022

In December 2019, a novel infection called Corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China; caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).On 11th March,2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 infection a pandemic. Since then the scientific community around the world is trying to decipher this infection to control it better. We have been successful in formulating the vaccine against it in record time, but during this course, it has taken a huge toll of human lives leaving behind people who got infected with various side effects of the infection. In the absence of any definitive treatment, many alternative modes of management systems have appeared. Various herbal agents appear to have a potential role in prevention and management of this infection. In the limited time so far, several studies have been conducted which have shown positive results but also highlights their potential drawbacks with insufficient scientific evidence. This review describes the potential role of common herbal agents as possible means of management of this infection and the need of further research in this direction where these traditional and relatively safe methods could be integrated in the management schemes of various chronic infections and diseases.
COVID 19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated dental student community of North Kerala- A survey based analysis
Authors: Nair Shalini , Mehaboob Shahnaz , Faresh Shereefa , Pillai Hari S , Kumar Vinod , Roy Monicah 
Published: September 2022

The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of millions of people over the world, imposing a tremendous burden on the global healthcare system including the dental community. COVID-19 vaccines are currently the best defense against the rapidly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there are emerging concerns about vaccine breakthrough infections. This study has been done to assess the COVID- 19 breakthrough infection among the vaccinated Dental student community of North Kerala and also evaluate and compare the severity of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. A survey was performed within the Dental student community which included BDS students, House surgeons and Post graduates by means of a questionnaire administered online via Google forms that consisted of demographic information and questions to assess severity of the COVID-19 breakthrough infection. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 software. Result was presented in frequencies, percentages and charts showing the interrelatedness of the variables examined. Among the 714 respondents there were 11.9% males and 88.1% females. Majority of the study subjects reported to have completed two doses of Covid vaccine, while 11.5% had taken only a single dose and 1% had not been vaccinated at all. Around 13% of subjects gave history of being Covid positive before vaccination and (14.7%) got infected even after vaccination.New Covid variants are being evolved continuously, thereby increasing the chance for transmissibility and evasion of the host immune response. This could be the reason for the 14.7% breakthrough infections reported in our study. Therefore, the need for future studies to recognize factors leading to inadequate vaccine response in those with breakthrough infections and ways to mitigate them is highlighted.
A clinico-histological comparative evaluation of healing of periodontal flaps when approximated with silk sutures and n-butyl cyanoacrylate
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Tuli Amrinder Singh , Sharma Ila 
Published: September 2022

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which results by the interaction between bacteria leading to inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue attachment apparatus. Flap surgeries are most frequently employed treatment modality for deep periodontal pockets. Over the decades, many suture materials like silk and nylonare being used for the approximation of the flaps. In the present scenario of periodontal advancements, fibrin glue manifests to be a great alternative to flap approximation with better clinical and histological results.This randomized clinico-histological study aims to compare the healing of modified flap operation when approximated with Silk suture and N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive.Thirty patients were recruited in this clinico-histological study. In Group A, surgical site was approximated by 3-0 black braided silk sutures (@TRUSILK) and in Group B, N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive (@EPICLOS) was used by driplets for flap approximation. Patients were recalled for removal of sutures and any cyanoacrylate present after 1 week of surgery. All the parameters (clinical and histological) were taken at baseline and at 7 day.On intra and inter group comparison all the clinical parameters i.e., Gingival index (GI), Papillary Marginal Attachment (PMA) Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), Wound healing index (WHI) and histological parameters i.e., inflammatory cells and vascularity shows significant reduction at 7 day in group B (N-butyl-cyanoacrylate).N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Group B) is more effective in reducing the clinical and histological parameters than Silk sutures (Group A).
Oral pregnancy tumor and its exigent medicament for expecting mothers using combination treatment modality: A clinical case series
Authors: Sinha Rinisha , Sabharwal Aishwarya , Saripalli Nidhi , Waghmare Pramod 
Published: September 2022

To emphasize the incidence of pyogenic granuloma in expecting mothers and a combined treatment of conventional method and diode laser. A pregnancy tumor is a pyogenic granuloma occurring on the gingiva during the gestation period. However, the term pyogenic granuloma is deceptive, because the lesion is distinct from infection. In this case series, 2 clinical reports are discussed in detail, unfolding the clinical appearance of the particular lesion. The histopathological correlation has been established and an apposite treatment modality is described, focusing on the minute considerations. We observed a challenging incidence of overgrowth that was disturbing for the subjects, affecting their health along with the fetus'. There was no adverse effect while treating them during the 2 trimester of gestation. We were also efficient in achieving instantaneous coagulation with lasers preceded by comprehensive removal of the lesion using blades, making it a suitable and safe tool.The dilemma of the clinician was resolved confirming that surgical excision is the gold standard for the complete removal of the lesion along with added benefits of lasers to reduce patient discomfort and accelerate healing.
Submandibular space infection – A threatening plethora
Authors: Singla Hemant , Kalra Bhavika , Kaur Amoldeep , Bahl Rashi 
Published: September 2022

Facial space infection is the most common infection, which is considered as the life­-threatening problem. It occurs due to the poor oral hygiene and other etiological factors such as tooth infection, decreased immunity. The main path of the spread of the infections is the odontogenic path. The patients having the habit of smoking, tobacco use, chewing areca nuts etc. are at the high risk of having odontogenic infection. So the odontogenic infections are considered as the origin of space infections. Out of which the submandibular space infections is the most common. Mostly it occurs due to the periapical infection and pericoronitis around the mandibular third molar. In this report we have described 38 years old female with the submandibular space infection which appeared 10 days after visiting a local dentist. The clinical characterstics were seen and the management of submandibular space infection was done.
Evaluation of an online otorhinolaryngology clinical training module for undergraduate medical students implemented during COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Gupta Rajeev Krishna , Bhargava Anuja , Faiz S M , Srivastava Saurabh , Mahdi Farzana 
Published: September 2022

The COVID 19 has posed many challenges to the health care educators. The outbreak made health educators to introduce and integrate information technology into the medical teaching. In the endeavour to create a virtual clinical learning environment, for the subject, the Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, ELMCH structured an online clinical training module. The study was undertaken to implement and assess the effectiveness of the module. The module was divided into parts covering various aspects of the clinical rotation. After completion of the clinical posting all students, faculty and residents were asked to fill a pre-validated questionnaire on google form to assess the effectiveness and their perceptions for online clinical teaching module. Most of the students felt that the session met their learning needs (4.4±.87) and interactiveness was good(4.5±.72). Most of the students also felt that the session were convenient (4.4±.84) and helped them in gaining clinical skills (4.3±.87). The most common difficulty in e-learning was technical problems including unstable internet connectivity resulting in poor voice and video quality.
Reliability of the tool: Structured knowledge questionnaires on simulation in nursing education
Authors: Kudari Ananda 
Published: September 2022

Nursing is a caring profession which needs skill to perform on human being. Any mistakes commits by nurses is legal issue. Nurses should develop a skills in there carer. The proper training for the student nurses is very much important to minimize the mistakes while at work. Simulation is one of the strategies of teaching in health sciences especially. Simulators provide an opportunity to commit a mistake on them and learn the correct procedures to perform on the patients. Knowledge of the students regarding simulation and different types of simulator and the significance of all types of simulator is paramount. The knowledge questionnaires are the one which measures the knowledge of particular aspects of an individual. It is mandatory to check the questionnaires whether it measures what it supposed to be measure. Reliability check is the procedure to measure the consistency of questionnaire. This study aim to estimate the reliability of structured knowledge questionnaires regarding simulation in nursing education.The tool so called structured knowledge questionnaire on simulation consists of 30 multiple choice questions. The internal consistency of the tool by split half method has been estimated (Total samples were 10 in number). Questionnaires have been divided in to two halves i.e. odd and even items and compare both halves by Pearson correlation coefficient formula.The split half reliability of structured knowledge questionnaires found to be excellent i.e. r=0.80. This result depicted that the prepared knowledge questionnaires are reliable.Any tool which is developed for the research should be check for its accuracy and reliability. Reliability is one of them where it measures the tool for its correctness and reliable for administration. In this study the researcher had computed the reliability and tool found to be an excellent. It is also recommended that the reliable tool should be pretesting.
Renal Involvement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Correlation with Outcomes
Authors: Amini Manouchehr , Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Akhavan Marjan , Abbasloo Samira , Tavakoli Farnaz , Baghdadi Azarakhsh , Hakemi Monir Sadat 
Published: September 2022

Background: While respiratory tract symptoms are the most frequent reasons for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, renal involvement is common and is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a referral center.
Methods: In a retrospective review, patients hospitalized for COVID-
19 from February 2020 through April 2020 in a referral COVID center were studied. Demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities and drug history, along with laboratory data at presentation and during admission were recorded. AKI was diagnosed based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence, risk factors and mortality of AKI.
Results: Finally, 200 patients were included, with a mean age of 60.5 years. Of these, 126 (63%) developed AKI and this number was 73.5% among the ICU-admitted patients. Patients who developed AKI were 4.29 times more likely to die. Pre-existing CKD, treatment with immunosuppressant, ICU admission, and the need for hemodialysis, were significantly associated with mortality. Among the eleven renal transplant recipients in this study, we found that a prior renal transplant was not associated with a higher rate of AKI but was significantly associated with increased mortality after correcting for age and gender.
Conclusion: Our findings showed a high incidence of AKI in patients admitted due to COVID-19, with a higher risk in ICU patients and it was a significant predictor of mortality. Further research is encouraged to understand the etiology of AKI, along with the long-term outcomes in the patients.
A Comparison Between the Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Clomiphene on Rats’ Ovarian Tissue Blood Vessels Under In Vivo Conditions
Authors: Naseri Paria , Rasta Seyed Hosein , Alihemati Aliraza 
Published: September 2022

Background: Studying the prevalence of infertility as a common disease and its treatment have recently become an important issue. These treatments include drugs and surgery; and lasers have also been used complementarily. However, they affect the ovarian blood vessels number. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the photo-bio stimulation effect on near-infrared and red laser as of low-level lasers on the blood vessels in ovarian tissue, compared with the clomiphene’s effect.
Methods: Twenty-eight female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (CT), Clomiphene Drug (D), Red Laser (RL) and Near-Infrared Laser (NIRL). Afterwards, the laser groups received irradiation (5 J/cm2 dose) and the rats in group D received clomiphene (1µg/kg). After the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and their ovaries were removed. Henceforth, the laser’s effect was investigated and compared with that of clomiphene.
Results: The number of the blood vessels increased in NIRL (71.96%) and RL (67.070%) groups, compared with CT. It was also increased in NIRL (59.81%) and RL (14%) compared to D group. In addition, it increased in NIRL (53.27%) compared with RL. This increase was significant in the NIRL group indicating that NIRL increases ovarian activity to produce blood vessels that can be certainly used in future studies for finding a cure for ovarian negligence to produce more blood vessels and treat diseases caused by it.
Conclusion: The results convinced us to introduce laser as a new method to increase the ovarian activation by increasing the blood vessels in a future study. Although the mechanism of low-level lasers action is not well known, it has been proved to be more effective than clomiphene.
Social Work vs the Youth: A Sociological Appraisal
Authors: Taghi Sheykhi Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

Sociologically speaking, to a large extent, social work can solve the existing and even the potential problems within the youth. Thus, the growing young population needs help from social work in the current changing world. Youth being a source of inspiration, quick receivers and urgent transmitters, they are sources of development and change in any area as well. Young people being subject to change, they are highly in need of counseling/ social work. Youth helpers often work in youth organizations, youth centers and the like___ helping boys or girls. Such centers are there in developed countries, whereas the developing countries are usually deprived of it. Such schemes explore, identify, and reinforce the specific abilities and capacities of young people. Therefore, launching youth study projects would eventually affect local and regional development as well. As Social work has received little attention in less developed countries, many young people feel weak or deficient in various ways. However, the lack of involvement of social workers/ counselors in such situations, causes young people feeling and facing a variety of abuses.