bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating behavior among remote working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tan Chin Xuan , Goh Shuen Dee , Tan Seok Shin , Tan Seok Tyug 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The Malaysian movement control order is a series of national lockdowns implemented by the Malaysian federal government to contain the spread of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The government has made it mandatory for all non-essential sectors to work remotely to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The eating behavior of working adults may have altered following the changes in working norms. This study aimed to assess the eating behavior of remote working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 159 remote working adults were recruited through a convenience sampling approach. Bodyweight and body height were self-reported by the respondents. Body mass index was calculated according to the cut-off of World Health Organization standards. The eating behavior was evaluated using the eating behavior questionnaire.

Findings
Results revealed more than half of the remote working respondents did not practice meal skipping. Irrespective of the gender, more than 70% of the respondents consumed either breakfast, lunch or dinner every day. Most of the respondents consumed vegetables, bread/rice/noodles and meat/chicken at least two times per day. Regression analysis revealed meal skipping was associated with younger people, overweight status and median monthly household income.

Originality/value
Many sectors adopted remote working systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is postulated that working remotely will be a new normal even after this pandemic. Until now, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, little or no data are available on assessing the eating behavior of remote working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study could provide an insight into the eating behavior of adults during remote working.
Corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from pharmacy practice
Authors: Abbasi Sahar , Aghakhani Hamed , Azizi Shahriar , Peikanpour Mohammad , Mehralian Gholamhossein 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has taken on a more prominent role in both large and small businesses because of its significant impact on various aspects of business performance. To date, a growing body of literature has demonstrated the mechanisms whereby CSR practices affect organizational outcomes; however, there has been little research examining how CSR practices contribute to customer loyalty within the pharmacy context. As such, this study aims to explore how CSR practices influence the loyalty of pharmacy customers, particularly in relation to the mediatory effects of customer-company identification (CCI) and customer trust.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey questionnaire was developed and administered to collect the required data from the pharmacy context. The resultant data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis to identify the scale dimensions, followed by multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Analysis of the results (n = 528) revealed that perceived CSR indirectly impacts loyalty through the mediatory effects of trust and CCI. All hypothesized effects were also confirmed via empirical testing.

Originality/value
The findings of this research suggest that not only are CSR activities responsive to societal concerns, but they can also promote customer identification with pharmacies and strengthen customer trust, which can, in turn, lead to long-term customer loyalty.
Quantifying the relationship between prey density, livestock and illegal killing of leopards
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Qashqaei Ali T. , Mousavi Marzieh , Hadipour Ehsan , Filla Marc , Kiabi Bahram H. , Bleyhl Benjamin , Ghoddousi Arash , Balkenhol Niko , Royle Andrew , Pavey Chris R. , Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany large mammalian carnivores are facing population declines due to illegal killing (e.g. shooting) and habitat modification (e.g. livestock farming). Illegal killing occurs cryptically and hence is difficult to detect. However, reducing illegal killing requires a solid understanding of its magnitude and underlying drivers, while accounting for the imperfect detection of illegal killing events. Despite the importance of illegal killing of large carnivores in comparison with other causes of mortality, its relationship with potential drivers such as livestock density and wild prey abundance is rarely described.Using ranger‐collected data (2007–2019) of leopard killing events and data on covariates (livestock density, wild prey abundance, road length, protected area size, elevation) across Iran, we applied a single‐visit N‐mixture model to jointly model variation in detection probability and expected annualized number of leopard killing events.Over the study period, we estimated 428 leopard mortalities (95% CI 184 to 1,014), which was 45% larger than the observed number. Expected intensity of leopard killing was positively related to protected area size, livestock density and wild prey abundance. Detection of leopard killing was higher in areas with more developed road networks.Synthesis and applications. Ranger‐based monitoring data on poaching of carnivores are cost effective, but traditional analysis does not take into account imperfect detection. We show that innovative statistics (single‐visit N‐mixture modelling) can reliably quantify poaching events and address their drivers, at large geographical scales. We used the example of the Persian leopard across Iran, but our approach is also applicable to understand killing dynamics of other species. Results suggest that a high frequency of leopard killing is likely to occur in areas with >100 livestock per km2and >450 individuals of wild prey per km2. This highlights the need for improved management of livestock grazing and effective measures around high‐risk protected areas to mitigate human–leopard conflict and reduce killing of leopards.
Well-being in the Irish secondary school: Reflections on a curricular approach
Authors: Farrell Emma , Mahon Áine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Schools and centres for education are increasingly positioned as playing a vital role in the promotion of young people's mental health and well-being. Drawing on the example of Ireland's reformed Junior Cycle curriculum (ages 12-15), we ask if the curriculum is the best means of nurturing positive mental health and well-being in schools.
A sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) targeted multiple wheat protein fractions for the detection of several cereal grains in processed foods
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Khan Mati Ullah , Chen Jin , Li Siyue , Dasanayaka Binaka Prabashini , Timira Vaileth , Li Yonghong , Zhang Jiukai , Lin Hong , Li Zhenxing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWheat allergy has become a global public health and food safety concern; however, there is no accessible cure for wheat allergy. The complete exclusion of wheat‐containing foods and environmental exposure is the most efficient allergy management to avoid the adverse reactions, which can be severe and occasionally life threatening. Therefore, the assay for accurate detection of wheat residues is demanded urgently for appropriate labeling guidelines and consumer safety. Thus, a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) targeting multiple wheat protein fractions was fabricated in the present study. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the constructed sELISA were 0.25 and 0.5 µg/g with high specificity for wheat. No cross‐reactivity was observed in 32 foods or food ingredients tested, except barley and rye. The developed sELISA can also discriminate against many commercial foods containing declared or undeclared wheat residues except for Chinese yellow wine. Furthermore, high heat also can obtain a higher level of proteins extracted with corresponding enhanced detectability up to 100°C from heated samples and 160 °C in baked samples.Practical ApplicationWheat is the most common food ingredient and wildly applied in various processed foods. However, wheat can cause severe and life‐threatening symptoms in some allergic patients and must be labeled and tested accurately to protect those with a wheat allergy. Developing a new test assay can serve as a powerful tool for food manufacturers and regulatory agencies to accurately quantify wheat residues in processed foods and ensure their absence due to unintended contamination.
Tree‐Ring Perspectives on the Colorado River: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Meko David M. , Woodhouse Connie A. , Winitsky Anabel G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTree rings have been central to the understanding of variability of flow of the Colorado River. Spurred by steadily declining flows after the 1920s, early tree‐ring research drew attention to the importance of climate variability to water supply by identifying episodes in the past that were even drier. Application of modern statistical methods to tree‐ring data later yielded a reconstruction of annual flows at Lees Ferry back to the early 1500s that highlighted the unprecedented wetness of the base period for the 1922 Colorado River Compact. That reconstruction served as the framework for a collection of papers in a 1995 special issue of Water Resources Bulletin on coping with severe sustained drought on the Colorado River. This retrospective paper reviews historical aspects of the dendrohydrology of the Colorado River, and the updates since 1995. A constantly expanding tree‐ring network has been subjected to an array of new statistical approaches to reconstruction. Climate change and increasing demand for water have meanwhile driven increased interest in the processing and presentation of reconstructions for optimal use in water resources planning and management. While highlighting the robustness of main findings of earlier studies, recent research yields improved estimates of magnitudes of flow anomalies, extends annual flows to more than 1200 years, and underscores unmatched drought duration in the medieval period.
Assessment of textbook outcome after lobectomy for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer in a Korean institution: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Woo Sik , Shin Jaeyong , Son Jung A , Jung Joonho , Haam Seokjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTextbook outcome (TO) has been introduced as a novel composite measure for lung cancer surgery. We investigated TO after lobectomy for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Korean tertiary hospital and its prognostic implications for overall survival and recurrence.MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2017, 418 consecutive patients who underwent lobectomy for clinical stages I and II NSCLC were identified and retrospectively reviewed. TO was defined as complete resection (negative resection margins and sufficient lymph node dissection), no 30‐day or in‐hospital mortality, no reintervention within 30 days, no readmission to the intensive care unit, no prolonged hospital stay (<14 days), no hospital readmission within 30 days, and no major complications. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to investigate the association between TO, medical costs, and long‐term outcomes.ResultsOf 418 patients, 277 (66.3%) achieved TO. The most common events leading to TO failure were prolonged air leakage (n = 54, 12.9%) and prolonged hospital stay (n = 53, 12.7%). Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.148, p = 0.036) and low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (OR = 0.986, p = 0.047) were significant risk factors for failed TO in multivariate analysis. In matched cohorts, achieving TO was associated with lower medical costs and better overall survival but not cancer recurrence.ConclusionsTO is associated with low medical cost and favorable overall survival; thus, surgical teams and hospitals should make efforts to improve the quality of care and achieve TO.
Updates in the classification of ependymal neoplasms: The 2021 WHO Classification and beyond
Authors: Kresbach Catena , Neyazi Sina , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEpendymal neoplasms occur at all ages and encompass multiple tumor types and subtypes that develop in the supratentorial compartment, the posterior fossa, or the spinal cord. Clinically, ependymomas represent a very heterogeneous group of tumors from rather benign subependymomas to very aggressive and often deadly childhood ependymomas of the posterior fossa. Newly identified biological markers and classification schemes, e. g. based on global DNA methylation profiling, have led to the definition of 10 types of ependymal tumors and an improved prediction of patients’ outcome by applying the new classification system. While the exact genetic basis for several ependymoma types still remains unclear, the knowledge about ependymoma driving events has significantly increased within the last decade and contributed to a classification based on molecular characteristics and localization rather than histological features alone. Convincing evidence is now pointing towards gene fusions involving ZFTA or YAP1 causing the development of supratentorial ependymomas. Also, H3, EZHIP, or TERT mutations have been detected in a fraction of infratentorial ependymal tumors. Finally, MYCN amplifications have recently been identified in spinal ependymomas, in addition to the previously known mutations in NF2. This review summarizes how recent findings regarding biology, molecular tumor typing, and clinical outcome have impacted the classification of ependymomas as suggested by the updated 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification system. We focus on changes compared to the previous classification of 2016 and discuss how a formal grading could evolve in the future and guide clinicians to treat ependymoma patients.
2‐Aminothiophene derivatives as a new class of positive allosteric modulators of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor
Authors: Redij Tejashree , McKee James A. , Do Phu , Campbell Jeffrey A. , Ma Jian , Li Zhiyu , Miller Nicholas , Srikanlaya Chananchida , Zhang Dianzheng , Hua Xianxin , Li Zhijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the discovery of two new 2‐aminothiophene based small molecule positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. One of the chemotypes, (S‐1), has a molecular weight of 239 g/mol, the smallest molecule among all reported GLP‐1R PAMs. When combined with GLP‐1 peptide, S‐1 increased the GLP‐1R activity in a dose‐dependent manner in a cell‐based assay. When combined with the peptide agonist of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VIPR1), S‐1 showed no specific activity on VIPR1, another class B GPCR present in the same HEK293‐CREB cell line. Insulin secretion studies found S‐1 combined with GLP‐1 increased insulin secretion by 1.5‐fold at 5 μM. In a mechanistic study, evidence is provided that the synergistic effect of S‐1 with GLP‐1 may be partly due to the enhanced impact on CREB based phosphorylation. Given the favorable profile of these chemotypes, the work reported herein suggests that 2‐aminothiophene derivatives are a new and promising class of GLP‐1R PAMs.
Charity or empowerment? The role of COVAX for low and middle‐income countries
Authors: Holzer Felicitas , Roa Tania Manríquez , Germani Federico , Biller‐Andorno Nikola , Luna Florencia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat has the past reaction to the COVID‐19 pandemic taught us? We have seen that many low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) still lack access to vaccines, and it seems little progress has been made in the last few months and year. This article discusses whether the current strategies, most notably, vaccine donations by the international community and the COVID‐19 global access facility COVAX, offer meaningful solutions to tackle the problem. At the centre of our analysis, we compare the concepts of “donations” and “charity” with “vaccine equity” and the “empowerment” of poorer countries. We suggest that the achievement of fair global vaccine production requires that our global approach is supportive of the idea of empowerment. We, therefore, need structural reforms, which would most importantly include capacity building, to positively impact this goal and to take the interests of the global poor seriously.
Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on diabetes management and follow‐up in a broad population in Spain
Authors: Palanca Ana , Quinones‐Torrelo Carmen , Girbés Juan , Real José T. , Ampudia‐Blasco F. Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control and diabetes follow‐up in a Spanish metropolitan area with a total general population of 340,000.MethodsA retrospective real‐world study comparing HbA1c testing, an indicator of diabetes control, and mean HbA1c during different COVID‐19 restriction periods in 2020 (full lockdown, post‐lockdown, partial lockdown) with the same periods in 2019. HbA1c testing was analysed per study period and according to gender, age and clinical setting. Associations between HbA1c testing and different covariables were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Changes in HbA1c were evaluated by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsDuring full lockdown, 6847 individuals, of which 56.7% were over 65 and 6.5% below 40, were tested for HbA1c compared to 14,180 in 2019 (OR 0.47, 95% CI:0.46–0.49). Reduction in HbA1c testing was greater among older individuals (OR 0.44, 95% CI:0.42–0.45). No differences were observed for post‐lockdown (OR 1.01, 95% CI:0.99–1.04). During partial lockdown, 10,816 individuals had at least one HbA1c measured compared to 12,749 in 2019 (OR 0.84, 95% CI:0.82‐0.87). Mean HbA1c during full lockdown was 7.26% (±1.06) compared to 7.50% (±1.14) in 2019 (p < .0001). For gender and across all age groups, HbA1c levels were lower during full lockdown. HbA1c changes were not significantly different during post‐lockdown and partial lockdown.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 restriction measures affected HbA1c testing. During complete lockdown, HbA1c testing decreased by half across all gender and age groups. No deleterious effect on glycaemic control was observed during lockdown and post‐lockdown among those tested.
How far is enough? Prediction of the scale of effect for wild bees
Authors: Desaegher James , Ouin Annie , Sheeren David 
Published: March 2022

A crucial issue for landscape ecologists is identifying the spatial extents at which a landscape affects species occurrence. Multi‐scale analyses are usually conducted to identify the ‘scale of effect', that is, the spatial extent associated with the best relationship between landscape variables and species occurrence, which is assumed to be related to species traits. However, few guidelines exist to determine the range of distances to be investigated.Based on the foraging distances of wild bee species, our main goal was to estimate the maximum distance of effect, that is, the distance beyond which the scale of effect for wild bee species is unlikely to be detected.Using the InVEST pollination model, we 1) modelled bee categories with distinct foraging distances and identified the scale of effecton their simulated abundance 2) defined an index, noted λ, that estimates the distance beyond which landscape composition has only negligible effects on simulated abundances. We validated our results by identifying the scale of effecton the abundances of 16 bee species collected in south‐western France.We detected a significant positive relationship between the average foraging distance (α) of the modelled bees and their scale of effect. The λ index was linearly related to the average foraging distances of bees (λ = 5.4α + 253) and was above the identified scale of effect for the modelled bees. The λ was also found to be above the scale of effect for 93% of the observed bee species.Our results suggest that the λ index is a good estimator of the upper limit of the scale of effect for wild bees. The λ index could be used to identify the minimum distance between sampling sites before setting up an experiment and the maximum buffer size required in multi‐scale analysis to detect the scale of effect.
Glass etching with gaseous hydrogen fluoride: Rapid management of surface nano‐roughness
Authors: Ono Yoshitaka , Hayashi Yasuo , Urashima Shu‐hei , Yui Hiroharu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface roughness of glass is desired to be arbitrary controlled because it affects a variety of properties such as tactile impression, optical properties, and contact chargeability. While the surface modification is currently achieved by wet etching of the glasses with hydrofluoric acid, there is still room for improvement because the wet etching cannot be simultaneously applied during flat glass production. We recently developed novel etching scheme, which uses gaseous hydrogen fluoride (HF) under high temperature. Because the flat glasses are kept hot during the production, our procedure can be introduced to the flat glass production process. Here, we demonstrate that surface nano‐roughness (1–20 nm of arithmetic mean roughness) of silicate glasses can be rapidly and reproducibly controlled by our method with changing the reaction temperature. It was found that the reaction with gaseous HF heterogeneously left metal fluorides on the glasses and that the fluorides partially masked the further reaction. High reaction temperature led the fluoride particles larger, resulting in rougher surface after removing the fluoride layer. It took only a few seconds for this reaction.
Development of organ‐specific autoimmunity by dysregulated Aire expression
Authors: Nishijima Hitoshi , Sugita Mizuki , Umezawa Natsuka , Kimura Naoki , Sasaki Hirokazu , Kawano Hiroshi , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Matsumoto Minoru , Oya Takeshi , Tsuneyama Koichi , Morimoto Junko , Matsumoto Mitsuru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeficiency for AIRE/Aire in both humans and mice results in the development of organ‐specific autoimmune disease. We tested whether augmented and/or dysregulated AIRE/Aire expression might be also prone to the breakdown of self‐tolerance. To define the effect of augmented Aire expression on the development of autoimmunity, antigen‐specific clonal deletion and production of clonotypic regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the thymus were examined using mice expressing two additional copies of Aire in a heterozygous state (3xAire‐knockin mice: 3xAire‐KI). We found that both clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells and production of clonotypic Tregs in the thymus from 3xAire‐KI were impaired in a T‐cell receptor‐transgenic system. Furthermore, 3xAire‐KI females showed higher scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein than wild‐type littermates, suggesting that augmented Aire expression exacerbates organ‐specific autoimmunity under disease‐prone conditions. In humans, we found that one patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis showed CD3–CD19– cells expressing AIRE in the peripheral blood before the treatment but not during the remission phase treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Thus, not only loss of function of AIRE/Aire but also augmented and/or dysregulated expression of AIRE/Aire should be considered for the pathogenesis of organ‐specific autoimmunity. We suggest that further analyses should be pursued to establish a novel link between organ‐specific autoimmune disease and dysregulated AIRE expression in clinical settings.
Cough as a clinical manifestation of large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Azzam Omar , Hubble Daniel , Prentice David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCough is not a widely recognised symptom of large vessel vasculitides. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, large vessel vasculitis can have serious clinical consequences. We present the case of a 76‐year‐old man who presented with a subacute history of persistent dry cough, was found to have extensive aortitis on imaging, and experienced rapid resolution of symptoms with immunosuppression.