bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways from economic hardship to couple conflict by socioeconomic status during COVID‐19 in Korea
Authors: Lee Jaerim , Yoo Jaeeon , Chin Meejung , Son Seohee , Sung Miai , Chang Young Eun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect relationships among economic hardship, economic strain, emotional stress, and couple conflict for married Koreans during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, we investigated whether these pathways were different between lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) groups.BackgroundDue to the global economic downturn brought on by COVID‐19, many couples experienced economic hardship including increased household debt, job loss, and reduced work hours. This context provides a valuable opportunity to test the family stress model (FSM) of romantic relationships, which explains the indirect pathways from economic hardship to couple‐level outcomes.MethodWe collected the data using an online survey in May 2020, when the Seoul metropolitan area experienced the first surge of COVID‐19 cases. The sample came from 605 married Korean adults (282 women, 323 men) and was analyzed using multigroup path analysis.ResultsAmong the three markers of economic hardship, increased household debt had a stronger association with couple conflict for lower SES respondents directly and indirectly through elevated economic strain and emotional distress. The total effects of job loss and reduced work hours on more frequent couple conflict were stronger for the higher SES group.ConclusionThe process from the three markers of economic hardship to couple conflict was different depending on socioeconomic resources.ImplicationsFamily practitioners need to consider SES variations and to work with financial counselors to better support couples with both economic and relationship difficulties.
Cultural stressors, internalizing symptoms, and parent–child alienation among Mexican‐origin adolescents
Authors: Wen Wen , Chen Shanting , Hazen‐Swann Nancy , Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I. , Shen Yishan , Kim Su Yeong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current study investigated the relation of various cultural stressors, parent–child alienation, and Mexican‐origin adolescents' internalizing symptoms at both between‐ and within‐person levels across the course of adolescence.BackgroundPositive parent–child relationships can be a critical buffer against cultural stressors for Mexican‐origin adolescents. However, it is unclear whether low levels of parent–child alienation (a) buffer the negative effects of different types of cultural stressors on internalizing symptoms and (b) function at the individual level more generally or during specific periods when adolescents experience high cultural stressors.MethodThe current study used a three‐wave longitudinal dataset of 604 Mexican‐origin adolescents (Wave 1: Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97, 54% female, 75% born in the United States) and conducted multilevel regression analysis.ResultsAt the between‐person level, overall low parent–child alienation buffered the adverse effects of ethnic discrimination on anxiety and cultural misfit on depressive symptoms. There were no significant within‐person‐level interactions of parent–child alienation and cultural stressors on adolescent internalizing symptoms.ImplicationThe findings suggest that interventions should aim to reduce parent–child alienation throughout the course of adolescence to alleviate the impact of cultural stressors on internalizing symptoms among Mexican‐origin adolescents.
ADMET study, spectroscopic characterization and effect of synthetic nitro chalcone in combination with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ethidium bromide against Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps
Authors: Rocha Janaína E. , de Freitas Thiago S. , Xavier Jayze C. , Pereira Raimundo L. S. , Pereira Junior Francisco N. , Nogueira Carlos E. S. , Marinho Márcia M. , Bandeira Paulo N. , Rodrigues Leilane G. , Marinho Emmanuel S. , de Lacerda Bruna C. G. V. , de Andrade Edlane Martins , Teixeira Alexandre M. R. , dos Santos Hélcio S. , Coutinho Henrique D. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChalcones are present in a wide variety of plants, having in their structure two aromatic rings that are linked together by a chain composed of three carbon atoms with α, β‐unsaturated to carbonyl system. Bacteria have several drug resistance mechanisms, among them the efflux pump; this mechanism, when active, is able to expel different compounds from inside bacterial cells. Several efflux pumps have already been identified for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including MepA and NorA. Many chalcones have been isolated and identified with various activities, such as antimicrobial. In view of this, this article aimed to evaluate the antibiotic modifying effect of chalcone (E)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐(3‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one against S. aureus carrier of NorA and MepA efflux pump. Regarding the antibiotic, there was a synergism when associated with ciprofloxacin in SA‐K2068 strain, showing this chalcone as an alternative to reverse the resistance to this medicine. The physicochemical properties calculated were fundamental in the description of the predicted pharmacokinetic properties. Despite the mutagenic risk caused by the metabolic activation of nitrochalcone, it is possible to notice a pharmacological principle in a longer half‐life for the performance of biological activities. The compound has a good bioavailability, as it is highly absorbed in the intestine and easily transported by plasma proteins, in addition to not presenting neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and cardiotoxic damage.
Increased risk of dialysis circuit clotting in hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 is associated with elevated FVIII, fibrinogen and D‐dimers
Authors: Sudusinghe Dinesha , Riddell Anne , Gandhi Tejas , Chowdary Pratima , Davenport Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionSevere COVID‐19 infections increase the risk of thrombotic events and Intensive Care Units reported increased extracorporeal circuit clotting (ECC) in COVID‐19 patients with acute kidney injury. We wished to determine whether hemodialysis (HD) patients with COVID‐19 also have increased risk of circuit clotting.MethodsWe reviewed coagulation studies and HD records, 4 weeks before and after COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction detection in HD patients between April 2020 and June 2021.FindingsSixty‐eight (33.5%) of 203 HD patients with COVID‐19, 65% male, mean age 64.9 ± 15.3 years, experienced some circuit clotting, and no clotting recorded prior to positive test results. In those who experienced ECC, prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin or thrombin times were not different, whereas median factor VIII (273 [168–419] vs. 166 [139–225] IU/dl, p < 0.001), D‐dimers (2654 [1381–6019] vs. 1351 [786–2334] ng/ml, p < 0.05), and fibrinogen (5.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.4 g/L, p < 0.05) were greater. Antithrombin (94 [83–112] vs. 89 [84–103] IU/dl), protein C (102 [80–130] vs. 86 [76–106] IU/dl), protein S (65 [61–75] vs. 65 [52–79] IU/dl) and platelet counts (193 [138–243] vs. 174 [138–229] × 109/L) did not differ. On multivariable logistic analysis, circuit clotting was associated with log factor VIII (odds ratio [OR] 14.8 (95% confidence limits [95% CL] 1.12–19.6), p = 0.041), fibrinogen (OR 1.57 [95% CL 1.14–21.7], p = 0.006) and log D dimer (OR 4.8 [95% CL 1.16–12.5], p = 0.028).DiscussionExtracorporeal circuit clotting was increased within 4 weeks of testing positive for COVID‐19. Clotting was associated with increased factor VIII, fibrinogen and D‐dimer, suggesting that the risk of circuit clotting was related to the inflammatory response to COVID‐19.
Autogenic and allogenic controls on the temporal palaeographic evolution of the Himalayan foreland basin: Insights from facies analysis of the lower Siwalik succession, Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Goswami Pradeep K. , Singh Karuna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lower Siwalik succession in the south‐central Kumaun Himalaya records Middle Miocene fluvial sedimentation in the Himalayan foreland basin, the largest foreland basin of the world. Detailed facies analysis reveals three distinct facies associations, one of which is sand dominated channel deposits, and the other two are mudstone‐sandstone, and mudstone dominated overbank deposits. The initial sedimentation in the region was in channels and frequently/extensively flooded overbank areas of a meandering/anastomosing river system. Activities along basement structures sometimes caused upheaval of the basin so that the streams got incised, and overbank areas rose up beyond the reach of flood waters. As a result, the fluvial sedimentation in these upland areas ceased, the sediments that had already deposited there were subjected to extensive pedogenesis, and occasionally reworked and redistributed by sheet flows and shallow channels. The channel pattern in the region gradually changed to braided type due to channel adjustments in response to rejuvenated tectonic activities and monsoon intensification in the hinterland. These factors caused increased influx of coarser sediments in the channels, which led to gradual steepening of the channel, and once the steepening crossed the threshold, the channel changed from meandering to braided type. Interpretation of our results is contrary to the general belief that Siwalik fluvial system changed from meandering streams to braided streams during the Middle Siwalik times, and the fluvial system in the studied part of the Siwalik basin underwent this change much earlier, during the sedimentation of Lower Siwalik.
Dimmed gene knockout shortens larval growth and reduces silk yield in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Cao Jun , Zheng Hong‐sheng , Zhang Ran , Xu Yong‐ping , Pan Huan , Li Shan , Liu Chun , Cheng Ting‐cai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bHLH domain transcription factor, Bombyx mori‐derived dimmed (Bmdimm), is directly regulated by the JH‐BmMet/BmSRC‐BmKr‐h1 pathway and plays a key role in regulating the expression of FibH, which codes the main component of silk protein. However, the other roles of Bmdimm in silk protein synthesis remain unclear. Here, we established a Bmdimm knockout (KO) line containing a 7‐bp deletion via CRISPR/Cas9 system, which led to the absence of the bHLH domain. The expression level of silk protein genes and silk yield decreased significantly in the Bmdimm KO line. Moreover, knocking out Bmdimm led to shortened larval stages and significant weight loss in larvae and adults. Bmdimm was found to be highly expressed in the silk gland, but it was also expressed in the fat body. The expression level of Bmkr‐h1 in the fat body was significantly downregulated in the Bmdimm KO line. Exogenous JHA treatment upregulated Bmkr‐h1 and rescued the phenotype of larval growth in the Bmdimm KO line. In conclusion, knocking out Bmdimm led to a shortened larval stage via the inhibition of Bmkr‐h1 expression, then reduced silk yield. These findings help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of fibroin synthesis and larval development in silkworms.
A novel fabrication strategy for alloyed Cd–Zn–S quantum dots–embedded glass with efficient red emission
Authors: Wang Jiancheng , Zhou Beiying , Zhao Yuye , Ma Jiaxin , Hu Xiaobo , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantum dots–embedded glasses (QDEGs) can combine the unique optical properties of QDs with high physicochemical stability and good mechanical properties of glasses, which have been widely investigated and applied in lighting and display. However, precise controlling the concentration and size distribution of QDs, and precipitating QDs with desired compositions or multicomponents in glass are still challenges for the traditional melt‐quenching method. Herein, a series of alloyed Cd–Zn–S QDEGs from green to red emission is successfully prepared via a novel fabrication strategy for the first time. Specifically, the solid‐solution precursors crack during the sintering process to form the well‐dispersed QDs with a narrow distribution, attributing to the gradient sulfur composition and the shearing force induced by the thermal migration of sulfur vacancies. Significantly, the quantum yield of Cd0.5Zn0.5S QDEG could reach 30%, among the top results of efficient red‐emissive QDEG materials. Finally, using QDEGs as light converters, a UV‐pumped warm white light–emitting diode with a correlated color temperature of 4238 K was achieved, which demonstrate the potential applications of the alloyed Cd–Zn–S QDEGs. These results will inspire more explorations on this fabrication strategy to develop novel QDEGs with a high optical performance for practical applications.
Patterns of variation in canal and root number in human post‐canine teeth
Authors: Gellis Jason J. , Foley Robert A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDescriptive morphology of tooth roots traditionally focuses on number of canals and roots. However, how or if canal and root number are related is poorly understood. While it is often assumed that canal number is concomitant with root number and morphology, in practice canal number and morphology do not always covary with external root features. To investigate the relationship between canal and root number, fully developed, adult post‐canine teeth were examined and quantified from computerized tomography scans from a global sample of 945 modern humans. We tested the hypotheses that root and canal number do not follow a 1:1 ratio, that canal to root ratios differ between teeth, and that canal to root ratios differ across major human geographical groups. Results indicate that not only is root number dependent on canal number, but that this relationship becomes more variable as canal number increases, varies between individual teeth and by major geographical group, and changes as these groups increase in geographical distance from Sub‐Saharan Africa. These results show that the ratio of canal number to root number is an important indicator of variation in dental phenotypes.
Altered dynamic brain activity and its association with memory decline after night shift‐related sleep deprivation in nurses
Authors: Yan Fei‐Xin , Lin Jian‐Ling , Lin Jia‐Hui , Chen Hua‐Jun , Lin Yan‐Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate, for the first time, aberrant time‐varying local brain activity in nurses following night shift–related sleep deprivation (SD) and its association with memory decline.BackgroundPrior studies have elucidated alterations in static local brain activity resulting from SD in the occupations outside medical profession.DesignA longitudinal study followed the STROBE recommendations.MethodsTwenty female nurses underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and memory function assessment (by Complex Figure Test (CFT) and the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT‐II)) twice, once in a rested wakefulness (RW) state and another after SD. By combining the sliding‐window approach and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis, the dynamic ALFF (dALFF) variability was calculated to reflect the characteristics of dynamic local brain activity.ResultsPoor performance on the CFT and CVLT‐II was observed in nurses with night shift–related SD. Reduced dALFF variability was found in a set of cognition‐related brain regions (including the medial/middle/superior frontal gyrus, anterior/posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, angular gyrus, orbitofrontal and subgenual areas, and posterior cerebellum lobe), while increased dALFF variability was observed in the somatosensory‐related, visual and auditory regions. SD‐related dALFF variability alterations correlated with changes in subjects' performance on the CFT and CVLT‐II.ConclusionsNight shift–related SD disturbed dynamic brain activity in high cognitive regions and induced compensatory reactions in primary perceptual cortex. Identifying dALFF variability abnormalities may broaden our understanding of neural substrates underlying SD‐related cognitive alterations, especially memory dysfunction.Relevance to clinical practiceNight shift–related SD is as an important occupational hazard affecting brain function in nurses. The effective countermeasure addressing the adverse outcomes of SD should be advocated for nurses.Patient or public contributionPatients or public were not involved in the design and implementation of the study or the analysis and interpretation of the data.
Outcomes of farm compared to nonfarm pediatric injuries: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Larkins Michael C. , Khanchandani Ashish , Tumin Dmitry , Greene Erika , Ledoux Matthew , Longshore Shannon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesPediatric farm‐related injuries are rare but tend to be severe relative to other types of pediatric injury and may result in worse clinical outcomes. However, the comparison of farm and nonfarm injuries is confounded by different injury mechanisms, patient characteristics, and treating facilities. Therefore, we used propensity score matching to compare outcomes of pediatric farm and nonfarm injuries in the United States.MethodsData were obtained from the 2017‐2019 Trauma Quality Program database. Farm as compared to nonfarm injury was defined as the location of an injury and served as the independent variable analyzed in this study. The outcome variables analyzed were in‐hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).ResultsWe identified 2,040 farm injuries and 201,865 nonfarm injuries meeting inclusion criteria. In this cohort, the mortality rate was 1%, median LOS was 2 days, and 14% of patients were admitted to the ICU. In the propensity‐matched analysis (including 2,039 farm cases matched to 2,039 nonfarm controls), farm as compared to nonfarm injuries were associated with 5% longer LOS (95% CI: 1%, 8%; P = .01), but not mortality or ICU admission.ConclusionsIn a propensity‐matched analysis, pediatric farm injuries resulted in prolonged hospital stay compared to nonfarm injuries. Identifying patient‐ and health care system‐level factors contributing to prolonged LOS may help optimize the care of children injured on farms.
MELD score < 18 rule out 28‐day ACLF development among inpatients with hepatitis B‐related previous compensated liver disease
Authors: Qi Tingting , Zhu Congyan , Wang Jiapeng , Li Beiling , Huang Zuxiong , Zhu Zhibin , Tu Minghan , Deng Guohong , Zheng Xin , Huang Yan , Meng Zhongji , Wang Xianbo , Qian Zhiping , Li Hai , Gao Yanhang , Liu Feng , Shang Jia , Shi Yu , Lu Xiaobo , Wang Shaoyang , Li Hai , Chen Jinjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) development is highly dynamic. Currently, no satisfactory algorithm identifies patients with HBV at risk of this complication. The aim of the study was to characterize ACLF development in hospitalized HBV‐related patients without previous decompensation and to test the performance of traditional prognostic models in ruling out ACLF development within 28 days on admission we conducted a cohort study. Two multi‐center cohorts with hospitalized HBV‐related previous compensated patients were analyzed. Performances of MELD, MELD‐Na, CLIF‐C AD, and CLIF‐C ACLF‐D in ruling out ACLF development within 28 days were compared and further validated by ROC analyses. In the derivation cohort (n = 892), there were 102 patients developed ACLF within 28 days, with profound systemic inflammatory levels and higher 28‐day mortality rate (31.4% vs. 1.0%) than those without ACLF development. The MELD score (cut‐off = 18) achieved acceptable missing rate (missed/total ACLF development) at 2.9%. In the validation cohort (n = 1656), the MELD score (<18) was able to rule out ACLF development within 28 days with missing rate at 3.0%. ACLF development within 28 days were both lower than 1% (0.6%, derivation cohort; 0.5%, validation cohort) in patients with MELD < 18. While in patients with MELD ≥ 18, 26.6% (99/372, derivation cohort) and 17.8% (130/732, validation cohort) developed into ACLF within 28 days, respectively. While MELD‐Na score cut‐off at 20 and CLIF‐AD score cut‐off at 42 did not have consistent performance in our two cohorts. MELD < 18 was able to safely rule out patients with ACLF development within 28 days in HBV‐related patients without previous decompensation, which had a high 28‐day mortality.
Police redistricting reforms and urban governance
Authors: Gordon Daanika , Davis‐Pait Anthony 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolice redistricting reforms are surprisingly understudied. While many understand redistricting in other realms as a mechanism of social inclusion and exclusion, police redistricting is often overlooked as merely technocratic. We argue that, in fact, police redistricting reforms are substantively and theoretically important because they articulate urban policy amid the pressures of neoliberal governance. Redistricting defines the functions and activities of the police, responds to political and economic pressures, and redistributes resources across racial spaces. To illustrate, we analyze publicly available materials describing 43 police redistricting reforms in 35 major cities in the United States. We find in these reforms an enduring emphasis on the role of the police as emergency service providers. Urban austerity and growth politics inflect redistricting and impact the distribution of police service across the city. While redistricting can theoretically result in more equitable policing, it can also amplify racial inequities by triaging resources toward downtowns and predominantly white neighborhoods, at the expense of police response in communities of color. We call for more attention to police redistricting as an arena of urban governance.
The Problem of Hell: A Thomistic Critique of David Bentley Hart’s NeceSsitarian Universalism
Authors: Wahlberg Mats 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDavid Bentley Hart has recently argued that universal salvation is a metaphysically necessary outcome of God’s act of creating rational beings. A crucial premise of Hart’s argument is a compatibilist view of free will, according to which God can determine human choices without taking away their freedom. This view constitutes common ground between Hart and the tradition of classical Thomism, which emphasizes the non‐competitive relation between human freedom and God’s universal causality. Unfortunately, Thomistic compatibilism undermines the so‐called Free Will Defense, which is often considered to be the only viable way of responding to contemporary criticism of the doctrine of hell. Can the existence of hell be reconciled with God’s goodness given a Thomistic conception of rational freedom? This question is of interest not only to followers of Aquinas but to anyone who rejects a ‘zero‐sum competition’ between freedom and grace, and who also believes that divine revelation confirms the possibility of perdition. The present article proposes an alternative to the Free Will Defense—called The Thomistic Autonomy Defense—which aims to block Hart’s arguments for the necessity of universal salvation.