bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating different typologies for the synthesis of evidence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Munn Zachary , Pollock Danielle , Price Carrie , Aromataris Edoardo , Stern Cindy , Stone Jennifer , Barker Timothy Hugh , Godfrey Christina M. , Clyne Barbara , Booth Andrew , Tricco Andrea C. , Jordan Zoe 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify evidence synthesis types and previously proposed classification systems, typologies, or taxonomies that have guided evidence synthesis.

Introduction:
Evidence synthesis is a constantly evolving field. There is now a plethora of evidence synthesis approaches used across many different disciplines. Historically, there have been numerous attempts to organize the types and methods of evidence synthesis in the form of classification systems, typologies, or taxonomies. This scoping review will seek to identify all the available classification systems, typologies, or taxonomies; how they were developed; their characteristics; and the types of evidence syntheses included within them.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will include discussion papers, commentaries, books, editorials, manuals, handbooks, and guidance from major organizations that describe multiple approaches to evidence synthesis in any discipline.

Methods:
The Evidence Synthesis Taxonomy Initiative will support this scoping review. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished documents utilizing a three-step search strategy. An exploratory search of MEDLINE (Ovid) has identified keywords and MeSH terms. A second search of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO), ERIC (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), Compendex (Elsevier), and JSTOR will be conducted. Relevant evidence synthesis organizations will be searched. Identified documents will be independently screened, selected, and extracted by two researchers, and the data will be presented in tables and summarized descriptively.

Review registration number:
OSF https://osf.io/qwc27
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation Comparing the Performance of an Alternative Valvetrain Design Against a Traditional Poppet Valvetrain
Authors: Robinson Austin Clay , Garrett Norman H. , Vaseleniuck Darrick , Uddin Mesbah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The poppet valve is by far the most widely used in cylinder head design of internal combustion (IC) engines; however, poppet valves themselves create significant flow restrictions during both the intake and exhaust strokes, thus causing a reduction in volumetric efficiency that affects overall engine performance. By removing the restrictive poppet valve from the flow path of air into and out of the cylinder head and allowing air to flow unobstructed, any given IC engine can achieve greater volumetric efficiency and higher specific output. The Vaztec ECOREV rotary valve system utilizes straight-cut flow passages that reduce such restrictions. This rotary valve system is designed to be directly driven by the crankshaft, thereby replacing the camshaft and poppet valve system altogether. This paper will primarily explore the differences in flow characteristics between this rotary valve and a conventional poppet valve cylinder head using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and flow bench data. Both configurations will be evaluated on the same single-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine. CFD simulations were run at multiple valve opening positions on each cylinder head configuration for both intake and exhaust cycles to validate the CFD process against flow bench test data for both cylinder head designs. The CFD was performed in 3D using hexahedral meshing and steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. Comparison between the two engine configurations will include both intake and exhaust airflow rates as well as discharge coefficients and overall flow field evaluation using numerous scalar and vector properties.
Discussion of  “Ghaednia, H., Wang, X., Saha, S., Xu, Y., Sharma, A., & Jackson, R. L. (2017). A Review of Elastic–Plastic Contact Mechanics. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 69(6).”
Authors: Jackson Robert L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It has been 5 years since this review of elastic-plastic contact mechanics was published. The area still remains very active, and many advancements have been made since then. This discussion summarizes these advances and points out what might be considered the most significant ones. In some cases, experimental measurements have confirmed previous theoretical predictions. In most cases, the models of contact mechanics have increased in complexity in order to improve predictions for real applications. As a fundamental area, contact mechanics will undoubtedly remain active as its implementation is often required for new applications of technology to succeed.
Determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in North-East Ethiopia: a community-based case-control study
Authors: Chekol Yeshiwas Tsehay , Arefaynie Mastewal , Kassa Assefa Andargie , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveChildhood acute malnutrition, in the form of wasting defined by Weight-for-Height Z-Scores, is a major public health concern. It is one of the main reasons for the death of children in developing countries like Ethiopia. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Meket district, North Wollo zone, North-East Ethiopia.SettingThe study was conducted among communities in Meket district, North Wollo zone, North-East Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 327 (109 cases and 218 controls) children aged 6–59 months participated in the study. Children from 6 months to 59 months of age who match the definition of case/wasted/ and control/not wasted were eligible for the study. However, children who had physical deformities which make anthropometric measurements inconvenient were excluded from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was wasting.ResultThe mean ages of the cases and controls were 21.77±11.41 months and 20.13±11.39 months, respectively. Factors that were significantly associated with wasting were: maternal decision making on the use of household money (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=3.04, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.83), complementary feeding started in a month (AOR=3.02, 95% CI 1.097 to 6.97), food diversity score (AOR=2.64, 95% CI 1.64 to 5.23), frequency of complementary feeding (AOR=6.68, 95% CI 3.6 to 11.25) and history of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) 2 weeks preceding the survey (AOR=3.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 7.86).ConclusionOur result implies that the right time to introduce complementary foods, the frequency of feeding and also the amount of food consumed were some of the crucial factors that needed to be changed in child nutrition to reduce wasting. Furthermore, within the framework of our study, the empowerment of women in the decision-making process and the prevention of ARI should be seen as a necessary benchmark for acute malnutrition.
Healthcare workers’ perceptions on diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and foot care in Fiji: a qualitative study
Authors: Ranuve Malakai Sovaki , Mohammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the perception of healthcare workers (HCWs) on diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and foot care in Rotuma, Fiji.DesignUsing a qualitative study design, two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among HCWs. A semistructured open-ended questionnaire was used to guide the discussion session. Each FGD was audiorecorded and was transcribed. The transcriptions were then manually analysed using thematic analysis.SettingRotuma hospital, Fiji.ParticipantsHCWs who were working in Rotuma hospital for at least a year and were involved in clinical foot care of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included.ResultsThere were five main themes, namely, depth of knowledge, quality of care in practice, factors of influence on practice, lack of resources and capacity building. Participants had superficial knowledge that showed lack of in-depth scientific knowledge. A lack of staffing in the clinics affected the delivery of service. Additionally, patients defaulting clinics, late presentations with DFU and traditional medicine also affected the quality of healthcare service in clinics. There was also a need for a multidisciplinary team to prevent and manage DFU. HCWs mostly advised on glycaemic control and ignored offering foot care advice in clinics due mainly to the lack of sound knowledge on foot care. There was also a lack of resources, infrastructure, space and professional development opportunities, which negatively impacted how HCWs deliver foot care services to patients.ConclusionHCWs lack significant in-depth knowledge on DFU and foot care. In addition, these are the availability of traditional medicine that delays presentations to hospital, further reducing the quality of services. HCWs need to keep their knowledge and skills updated through regular in-service training on foot care. Resources, infrastructure and supply chains need to be maintained by those in power to ensure HCWs deliver quality foot care services.
Molecular characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with disseminated gonococcal infections in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective surveillance study
Authors: Guglielmino Christine J D , Sandhu Sumeet , Lau Colleen L , Buckely Cameron , Trembizki Ella , Whiley David M , Jennison Amy V 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesGonorrhoea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the second most notified sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Australia and the case numbers for this STI have been increasing globally. Progressive gonococcal infection may lead to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), which causes significant morbidity among patients. This study aims to examine the genetic diversity of N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Queensland from January 2010 to August 2015 and to determine factors associated with DGI in Queensland.DesignRetrospective surveillance study for epidemiological purposes.SettingAll gonorrhoeae isolates referred by private and public pathology laboratories to the state of Queensland, Australia Neisseria reference laboratory.MethodsBetween January 2010 and August 2015, 3953 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from both metropolitan and regional Queensland infections were typed with NG-MAST (N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing) to assess the genetic diversity between strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate strain-related factors associated with DGI.ResultsST6876 was the most common NG-MAST type, detected in 7.6% of the isolates. DGI was significantly more likely in females <30 years (OR 13.02, p<0.0001) and in older males >30 years (OR 6.04, p<0.0001), with most cases originating from North Queensland (OR 8.5, p<0.0001). Strains harbouring PIA class of porB type were associated with DGI (OR 33.23, p<0.0001).ConclusionGenotyping techniques, such as NG-MAST and WGS, are proving instrumental in providing an insight into the population structure of N. gonorrhoeae, and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis, such as for DGI.
Flow diversion for compressive unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysms with neuro-ophthalmological symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaiser Daniel P O , Cuberi Ani , Linn Jennifer , Gawlitza Matthias 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundData on the safety and efficacy of flow diverters (FD) for the treatment of unruptured internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms with compressive neuro-ophthalmological symptoms (NOS) are scarce and comprise mainly small case series.MethodsWe performed a search of three databases and included series with ≥10 patients, with unruptured aneurysms of the ICA and NOS, treated with FD. Random-effects analysis of treatment results and safety was performed.ResultsA total of 22 studies reporting on 594 patients were included. Pooled proportions of NOS recovery, improvement, transient and permanent worsening were: 47.4% (95% CI 35.0% to 60.1%); 74.5% (95% CI 67.9% to 80.2%); 7.1% (95% CI 3.3% to 14.7%); and 4.9% (95% CI 3.2% to 7.4%), respectively. Rates of complete recovery and improvement in patients with isolated visual symptoms were 30.6% (95% CI 12.5% to 57.7%) and 56.6% (95% CI 42.3% to 69.9%). Isolated oculomotor symptoms recovered completely in 47.8% (95% CI 29.9% to 66.3%) and improved in 78% (95% CI 69.2% to 84.9%). Morbidity occurred in 5% (95% CI 2.8% to 9%) and mortality in 3.9% (95% CI 2% to 7.5%) of patients. An increased likelihood of symptom improvement was observed when treatment was performed early (<1 month) after symptom onset (OR=11.22, 95% CI 3.9% to 32.5%).ConclusionFlow diversion promotes recovery or improvement of compressive symptoms in a large proportion of patients but is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Transient and permanent NOS worsening is not uncommon. Early treatment is of utmost importance, as it increases the likelihood of symptom improvement more than 10-fold.
A model of vector-like leptons for the muon $$g-2$$ and the W boson mass
Authors: Lee Hyun Min , Yamashita Kimiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a vector-like lepton and a local $$U(1)'$$

U

(
1
)

′

symmetry, motivated by the recent experimental anomalies in the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

and the W boson mass. The $$U(1)'$$

U

(
1
)

′

symmetry is spontaneously broken by the VEVs of the dark Higgs scalar and the second Higgs doublet, giving rise to the mixing between the muon and the vector-like lepton. As a result, we obtain the desirable corrections to the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

and the W boson mass simultaneously, dominantly due to the $$Z'$$

Z
′

gauge interactions for the vector-like lepton and the second Higgs doublet, respectively. We also discuss the consistency of the model with the Z boson decay width, the Higgs couplings and the dilepton bounds.
In Vitro Role of Pumpkin Parts as Pharma-Foods: Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities of Pumpkin Peel, Flesh, and Seed Powders, in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hussain Ashiq , Kausar Tusneem , Jamil Muhammad Abdullah , Noreen Saima , Iftikhar Khansa , Rafique Ayesha , Iqbal Muhammad Azhar , Majeed Muhammad Abid , Quddoos Muhammad Yousaf , Aslam Jawed , Ali Atif 
Published: August 2022

Pumpkin is a well-known vegetable, among the members of Cucurbitaceae family, due to its importance as pharma food. Keeping in view the antidiabetic and plasma lipids lowering potential of pumpkin, the present study was conducted to investigate that, which part of pumpkin (peel, flesh, and seeds), possess more bioactive compounds, exhibiting antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potential. Albino rats with 190-210 g body weight were divided into 11 groups. Five rats were included in each group; group A was negative control, group B was positive control, and groups C to K were diabetic rats fed with pumpkin peel, flesh, and seed powders. Diabetes was induced in rats with the help of alloxan monohydrate. During 28 days of experimental period, blood glucose level of different rat’s groups was checked with the help of glucometer, at every 7 days interval and at the end of 28 days study, plasma lipids were checked with the help of commercial kits. A significant decrease in blood glucose level (

128.33
±
1.67

mg
/
dl

), TC (

88.43
±
0.66

mg
/
dl

), TG (

69.79
±
0.49

mg
/
dl

), and LDL-C (

21.45
±
0.08

mg
/
dl

) was recorded in rat groups fed with 15 g pumpkin seed powder, at the end of study. After pumpkin seeds, second significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect was recorded in rat’s groups fed with 15 g pumpkin peel powder. Pumpkin flesh powder effect in lowering blood glucose level and plasma lipids was less significant as compared to seeds and peel powder. As the dose of the pumpkin powders was increased from 5 to 10 and then 15 g, the blood glucose-lowering and plasma lipid-lowering effect became more significant. Similarly, as the experimental duration was expanded from first week to 28 days, this antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect became more significant. These results were sufficient to conclude that pumpkin has high potential to be used in human diet to cope with noncommunicable diseases like diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
Combination of Ribociclib and Gemcitabine for the Treatment of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Pribnow Allison , Jonchere Barbara , Liu Jingjing , Smith Kyle S. , Campagne Olivia , Xu Ke , Robinson Sarah , Patel Yogesh , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Wu Gang , Stewart Clinton F. , Northcott Paul A. , Yu Jiyang , Robinson Giles W. , Roussel Martine F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Group3 (G3) medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the deadliest forms of the disease for which novel treatment is desperately needed. Here we evaluate ribociclib, a highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, with gemcitabine in mouse and human G3MBs. Ribociclib central nervous system (CNS) penetration was assessed by in vivo microdialysis and by IHC and gene expression studies and found to be CNS-penetrant. Tumors from mice treated with short term oral ribociclib displayed inhibited RB phosphorylation, downregulated E2F target genes, and decreased proliferation. Survival studies to determine the efficacy of ribociclib and gemcitabine combination were performed on mice intracranially implanted with luciferase-labeled mouse and human G3MBs. Treatment of mice with the combination of ribociclib and gemcitabine was well tolerated, slowed tumor progression and metastatic spread, and increased survival. Expression-based gene activity and cell state analysis investigated the effects of the combination after short- and long-term treatments. Molecular analysis of treated versus untreated tumors showed a significant decrease in the activity and expression of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and DNA damage response, and an increase in the activity and expression of genes implicated in neuronal identity and neuronal differentiation. Our findings in both mouse and human patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models suggest that ribociclib and gemcitabine combination therapy warrants further investigation as a treatment strategy for children with G3MB.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting HER2, Is Effective in Pediatric Malignancies: A Report by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium
Authors: Hingorani Pooja , Zhang Wendong , Zhang Zhongting , Xu Zhaohui , Wang Wei-Lien , Roth Michael E. , Wang Yifei , Gill Jonathan B. , Harrison Douglas J. , Teicher Beverly A. , Erickson Stephen W. , Gatto Gregory , Kolb Edward A. , Smith Malcolm A. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Gorlick Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
HER2 is expressed in many pediatric solid tumors and is a target for innovative immune therapies including CAR-T cells and antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). We evaluated the preclinical efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201a), a humanized monoclonal HER2-targeting antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, DXd, in patient- and cell line–derived xenograft (PDX/CDX) models. HER2 mRNA expression was determined using RNA-seq and protein expression via IHC across multiple pediatric tumor PDX models. Osteosarcoma (OS), malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), and Wilms tumor (WT) models with varying HER2 expression were tested using 10 mice per group. Additional histologies such as Ewing sarcoma (EWS), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), neuroblastoma (NB), and brain tumors were evaluated using single mouse testing (SMT) experiments. T-DXd or vehicle control was administered intravenously to mice harboring established flank tumors at a dose of 5 mg/kg on day 1. Event-free survival (EFS) and objective response were compared between treatment and control groups. HER2 mRNA expression was observed across histologies, with the highest expression in WT (median = 22 FPKM), followed by MRT, OS, and EWS. The relationship between HER2 protein and mRNA expression was inconsistent. T-DXd significantly prolonged EFS in 6/7 OS, 2/2 MRT, and 3/3 WT PDX models. Complete response (CR) or maintained CR (MCR) were observed for 4/5 WT and MRT models, whereas stable disease was the best response among OS models. SMT experiments also demonstrated activity across multiple solid tumors. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a HER2-directed ADC in pediatric patients with HER2-expressing tumors should be considered.
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibitor, IK-175, and Its Inhibitory Activity on Tumor Immune Suppression
Authors: McGovern Karen , Castro Alfredo C. , Cavanaugh Jill , Coma Silvia , Walsh Meghan , Tchaicha Jeremy , Syed Sakeena , Natarajan Prabitha , Manfredi Mark , Zhang Xiaoyan M. , Ecsedy Jeffrey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that regulates the activity of multiple innate and adaptive immune cells subsequent to binding to numerous endogenous and exogenous ligands. For example, AHR is activated by the metabolite kynurenine, which is secreted into the tumor microenvironment by cancer cells leading to broad immunosuppression. Therefore, AHR inhibition provides a novel and ideal approach to stimulate immune-mediated recognition and subsequent eradication of tumor cells. We report here the discovery and characterization of IK-175, a novel, potent and selective AHR antagonist with favorable ADME and pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical species. IK-175 inhibits AHR activity in experimental systems derived from multiple species including mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. In human primary immune cells, IK-175 decreased AHR target gene expression and anti-inflammatory cytokine release and increased proinflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, IK-175 led to a decrease in suppressive IL17A–, IL-22+ expressing T cells in a Th17 differentiation assay. IK-175 dose dependently blocks ligand-stimulated AHR activation of Cyp1a1 transcription in mouse liver and spleen, demonstrating on-target in vivo activity. IK-175 increases proinflammatory phenotype of the tumor microenvironment in mouse syngeneic tumors and in adjacent tumor-draining lymph nodes. As a monotherapy and combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody, IK-175 demonstrates antitumor activity in syngeneic mouse models of colorectal cancer and melanoma. IK-175 also demonstrates antitumor activity combined with liposomal doxorubicin in syngeneic mouse tumors. These studies provide rationale for targeting AHR in patients with cancer. IK-175 is being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors.