bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound measures of muscle in critically ill patients
Authors: Baston Cameron M. , Gellhorn Alfred C. , Hough Catherine L. , Bunnell Aaron E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative neuromuscular ultrasound is increasingly used to study muscle pathology and changes in muscle mass during critical illness. Advantages of ultrasound are high axial resolution, low procedural risks, no ionizing radiation, and ease of use early in the course of disease. However, ultrasound is known to be an operator dependent imaging modality and the intensive care unit setting poses additional challenges to obtaining reliable measurements. There is limited evidence validating the feasibility and reliability of its application in this setting.ObjectiveTo conduct a standardized protocol for measuring muscle linear depth and cross‐sectional area in critically ill populations with a high degree of interrater agreement and feasibility.DesignProspective observational cohort study of interrater reliability.SettingMedical intensive care unit at an academic medical center and a level one trauma and burn center.PatientsFifteen critically ill patients were evaluated using a standardized ultrasound protocol measuring total elbow flexor, knee extensor, and tibialis anterior depth, as well as rectus femoris cross‐sectional area. Each site was independently scanned by two investigators. Reliability of measurements between observers was determined by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using a two‐way random effects model and absolute agreement. An ICC > 0.75 was considered good and >0.90 was considered excellent.ResultsIn critically ill patients, interrater reliability of linear depth measured at elbow flexor, knee extensor, tibialis anterior, and cross‐sectional area of rectus femoris sites was good to excellent with ICC between 0.87 (0.54–0.97) and 0.99 (0.97–1.00). Interrater reliability was improved by creating a summary index of measures resulting in an ICC of 0.99 (0.98–1.00). Feasibility, as definite by the percentage of each measure that was obtainable, ranged from 75%–100%.ConclusionsUsing a standardized protocol, ultrasound measures obtained in critically ill patients demonstrated high levels of interrater agreement with good to excellent feasibility.
Customized Structure Design and Functional Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Spheres for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kang Junbao , Tian Xiaohui , Yan Chenzheng , Wei Liying , Gao Lu , Ju Jingge , Zhao Yixia , Deng Nanping , Cheng Bowen , Kang Weimin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attracting much attention due to their high theoretical energy density and are considered to be the predominant competitors for next‐generation energy storage systems. The practical commercial application of LSBs is mainly hindered by the severe “shuttle effect” of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the serious damage of lithium dendrites. Various carbon materials with different characteristics have played an important role in overcoming the above‐mentioned problems. Carbon spheres (CSs) are extensively explored to enhance the performance of LSBs owing to their superior structures. The review presents the state‐of‐the‐art advances of CSs for advanced high‐energy LSBs, including their preparation strategies and applications in inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of the LiPSs and protecting lithium anodes. The unique restriction effect of CSs on LiPSs is explained from three working mechanisms: physical confinement, chemical interaction, and catalytic conversion. From the perspective of interfacial engineering and 3D structure designing, the protective effect of CSs on the lithium anode is also analyzed. Not only does this review article contain a summary of CSs in LSBs, but also future directions and prospects are discussed. The systematic discussions and suggested directions can enlighten thoughts in the reasonable design of CSs for LSBs in near future.
Gross anatomy of the musculature of the thoracic limb of the aulacod
Authors: Kabkia Dieudoné , Ataba Aklesso , Agba Kondi Charles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cane rat is a wild rodent appreciated for its meat. Currently domesticated, its breeding is expanding in sub‐Saharan Africa where it originates. However, the pathological problems already identified during the domestication phase of the cane rat on station still constitute a major constraint to the development of aulacodiculture. Our study aims at filling the lack of illustrations on the myology of the thoracic limb of the cane ratMethodologyWe used 16 adults cane rats ranging in age from 3 to 4 yearsResultsThe study of the different muscles of the thoracic limb reveals many similarities in the Glires (rodents and lagomorphs). However, some particularities are noteworthy. Indeed, in the cane rat, the deltoid muscle, as well as the muscles of the forearm, are very developed with its three portions, the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles are fusiform and the triceps brachii muscle has a very bulky long part (caput longum)ConclusionThese illustrations will be very effective tools for understanding the muscles of the thoracic limbs and a reliable technical support for veterinary students and practitioners.
Detection of candidate genes affecting milk production traits in sheep using whole‐genome sequencing analysis
Authors: Rezvannejad Elham , Asadollahpour Nanaei Hojjat , Esmailizadeh Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundArtificial and natural selection for important economic traits and genetic adaptation of the populations to specific environments have led to the changes on the sheep genome. Recent advances in genome sequencing methods have made it possible to use comparative genomics tools to identify genes under selection for traits of economic interest in domestic animals.ObjectivesIn this study, we compared the genomes of Assaf and Awassi sheep breeds with those of the Cambridge, Romanov and British du cher sheep breeds to explore positive selection signatures for milk traits using nucleotide diversity (Pi) and FST statistical methods.MethodsGenome sequences from fourteen sheep with a mean sequence depth of 9.32X per sample were analysed, and a total of 23 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called and applied for this study. Genomic clustering of breeds was identified using ADMIXTURE software. The FST and Pi values for each SNP were computed between population A (Assaf and Awassi) and population B (Cambridge, British du cher, and Romanov).ResultsThe results of the PCA grouped two classes for these five dairy sheep breeds. The selection signatures analysis displayed 735 and 515 genes from FST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistical methods, respectively. Among all these, 12 genes were shared between the two approaches. The most conspicuous genes were related to milk traits, including ST3GAL1 (the synthesis of oligosacáridos), CSN1S1 (milk protein), CSN2 (milk protein), OSBPL8 (fatty acid traits), SLC35A3 (milk fat and protein percentage), VPS13B (total milk production, fat yield, and protein yield), DPY19L1 (peak yield), CCDC152 (lactation persistency and somatic cell count), NT5DC1 (lactation persistency), P4HTM (test day protein), CYTH4 (FAT Production) and METRNL (somatic cell), U1 (milk traits), U6 (milk traits) and 5S_RRNA (milk traits).ConclusionsThe findings provide new insight into the genetic basis of sheep milk properties and can play a role in designing sheep breeding programs incorporating genomic information.
Understanding Suicide-Related Risk in Immigrant and Ethnic and Racial Minority Youth Through an Ecological and Developmental Context
Authors: Meca Alan , Polanco-Roman Lillian , Cowan Isis , Jimenez Audris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe US is home to the world’s largest immigrant population, with an estimated 51 million foreign-born migrants, who largely originate from the global south. A significant proportion of the US population thus experiences acculturation or psychological changes as they navigate between different cultural environments. Contemporary conceptualizations of acculturation draw on a bidimensional conceptualization that posits heritage retention and acquisition of the host culture as independent dimensions spread across cultural identification, values, and practices. Such models facilitate the study of the impact of acculturative processes on suicide-related risk in immigrant adolescents, particularly of ethnic and racial minority background. Although early findings suggest immigrant youth are at lower risk for suicide than US-born youth, recent findings indicate this relation is more nuanced and that acculturative processes may play an important role in suicide-related risk in immigrant and racial and ethnic minority adolescents.This chapter reviews traditional and contemporary models of acculturation and describes the role of acculturation in suicide-related risk among adolescents from immigrant families. Potential explanatory mechanisms behind the association between acculturation and suicide-related risk are identified, as well as conceptual and methodological limitations that have been prominent in the field of acculturation. Recommendations are provided pointing out how the field might best move forward. This chapter concludes with clinical implications and discusses the benefits of integrating acculturation into suicide prevention strategies to reduce suicide-related risk in immigrant and ethnic and racial minority adolescents.
Understanding Patterns of Adolescent Suicide Ideation: Implications for Risk Assessment
Authors: Miranda Regina , Ortin-Peralta Ana , Rosario-Williams Beverlin , Kelly Tara Flynn , Macrynikola Natalia , Sullivan Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of adolescent suicide ideation is of critical importance to improving suicide risk assessment, but research in this area has been limited. This chapter reviews theories and research suggesting that the form and pattern that adolescent suicide ideation takes can be informative about the risk of engaging in future suicidal behavior. These include studies examining suicide-related attention biases, duration of suicide ideation, and suicide-related imagery, longitudinal studies examining suicide ideation trajectories, and ecological momentary assessment research examining moment-to-moment variability in suicide ideation. We propose theoretically and empirically informed subtypes of suicide ideation that can be assessed during a clinical interview and that might provide additional information to clinicians about an adolescent’s risk of engaging in future suicidal behavior. Developing ways of classifying the form and pattern of suicide ideation may provide information to clinicians about an adolescent’s risk of making a suicide attempt and guide clinical care of adolescents.
Introduction
Authors: Wallace Lauren J. , MacDonald Margaret E. , Storeng Katerini T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis edited volume treats policy as an ethnographic object. Examining both policy spaces and sites of practice, the chapters illuminate both professionals’ and lay people’s intimate encounters with health policies. By ‘studying up’ and considering the multiplicity of actors and interests involved in global policies for improving maternal and reproductive health, the ten chapters in this volume track the processes and politics of policymaking and the mechanisms of their implementation in diverse contexts in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America. The chapters provide in-depth analyses of the complexities of policy formulation and implementation, the impact of socio-political contexts, as well as issues of local agency, equity and accessibility. Together, they demonstrate the value of ethnography as well as reproduction as a unique site for the generation of rich insights into the working of global health policies and their impacts. Such critical social science research is increasingly recognised as a crucial part of the evidentiary basis upon which people-centred and equitable health policy and systems everywhere are built. This volume will be of interest to scholars working at the intersection of critical global health, medical anthropology, and health policy and systems research, as well as to global public health practitioners.
Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz past turning points: the (elliptic) sinh-Gordon model
Authors: Córdova Lucía , Negro Stefano , Schaposnik Massolo Fidel I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We analyze the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for various integrable S-matrices in the context of generalized T$$ \overline{\mathrm{T}} $$

T
¯

deformations. We focus on the sinh-Gordon model and its elliptic deformation in both its fermionic and bosonic realizations. We confirm that the determining factor for a turning point in the TBA, interpreted as a finite Hagedorn temperature, is the difference between the number of bound states and resonances in the theory. Implementing the numerical pseudo-arclength continuation method, we are able to follow the solutions to the TBA equations past the turning point all the way to the ultraviolet regime. We find that for any number k of resonances the pair of complex conjugate solutions below the turning point is such that the effective central charge is minimized. As k → ∞ the UV effective central charge goes to zero as in the elliptic sinh-Gordon model. Finally we uncover a new family of UV complete integrable theories defined by the bosonic counterparts of the S-matrices describing the Φ1,3 integrable deformation of non-unitary minimal models $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
2,2n+3.
An effective matrix model for dynamical end of the world branes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Gao Ping , Jafferis Daniel L. , Kolchmeyer David K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with dynamical end of the world branes in asymptotically nearly AdS2 spacetimes. We quantize this theory in Lorentz signature, and compute the Euclidean path integral summing over topologies including dynamical branes. The latter will be seen to exactly match with a modification of the SSS matrix model. The resolution of UV divergences in the gravitational instantons involving the branes will lead us to understand the matrix model interpretation of the Wilsonian effective theory perspective on the gravitational theory. We complete this modified SSS matrix model nonperturbatively by extending the integration contour of eigenvalues into the complex plane. Furthermore, we give a new interpretation of other phases in such matrix models. We derive an effective W(Φ) dilaton gravity, which exhibits similar physics semiclassically. In the limit of a large number of flavors of branes, the effective extremal entropy S0,eff has the form of counting the states of these branes.
Fibre directions at a branch-stem junction in Norway spruce: a microscale investigation using X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Hu Min , Olsson Anders , Hall Stephen , Seifert Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe connection between branch and trunk in a tree must be strong enough to transfer all loads acting on the branch, and it is well known that such branch-stem connections are indeed very strong. In this paper, X-ray computer tomography is employed to investigate the local fibre orientation in the close surrounding of a knot in a Norway spruce specimen to better understand the origins of the mechanical strength of the branch-trunk connection. First, a wood specimen containing an entire knot from pith to bark was imaged with a voxel size of 52 µm. Subsequently, smaller specimens were cut from this original specimen and imaged again with increasingly higher resolution over four levels. With the highest resolution level (2.6 µm voxel size), the tracheids with smallest lumen were successfully traced. The results revealed how the direction of the fibre paths that start below the knot curve around it as the paths progress upwards to the region just above the knot, where the paths divide into two: one set of paths integrating with the knot on its top side and the other set continuing up along the trunk. Fibres that integrate with the knot at its top follow paths just before they continue into the knot, with a radius of curvature of only about 1 mm in both vertical and horizontal directions. No abrupt change of fibre pattern between latewood and earlywood is observed; rather, a continuous change of fibre direction across annual layers can be seen. The detailed characterisation of the local fibre structure around the knot provides new data that can explain the remarkable strength of the branch-trunk connection.
Individual copy number variation and extensive diversity between major MHC-DAB1 allelic lineages in the European bitterling
Authors: Talarico Lorenzo , Bryjová Anna , Čížková Dagmar , Douda Karel , Reichard Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), DAB1 gene was characterized for the first time in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish employed in studies of host-parasite coevolution and mate choice, taking advantage of newly designed primers coupled with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Across 221 genotyped individuals, we detected 1–4 variants per fish, with 28% individuals possessing 3–4 variants. We identified 36 DAB1 variants, and they showed high sequence diversity mostly located within predicted antigen-binding sites, and both global and codon-specific excess of non-synonymous mutations. Despite deep divergence between two major allelic lineages, functional diversity was surprisingly low (3 supertypes). Overall, these findings suggest the role of positive and balancing selection in promotion and long-time maintenance of DAB1 polymorphism. Further investigations will clarify the role of pathogen-mediated selection to drive the evolution of DAB1 variation.
Predictors of Mortality and Outcomes of Ventilated Patients Managed in a Resource‐Limited Acute Surgical Ward
Authors: Huei Tan Jih , Lip Henry Tan Chor , Hong Lim Cheng , Fang Cheah Zi , Ann Chen Sue , Rou Lim Hui , Ganesen Gayathiri , Jie Ooi You , Sing Tang Chuin , Azlin Nor , Muhammad Izwan , Mohamad Yuzaidi , Alwi Rizal Imran , Mat Tuan Nur Azmah Tuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute care surgery is an important component of health care in the developed nations. However, in Malaysia, acute care surgery is yet to be recognized as a specific subspecialty service. Due to high demands of limited ICU beds, some patients have to be ventilated in the wards. This study aims to describe the outcomes of acute surgical patients that required mechanical ventilation.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all mechanically ventilated surgical patients in the wards, in a tertiary hospital, in 2020. Sixty‐two patients out of 116 patients ventilated in surgical wards fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Demography, surgical diagnosis and procedures and physiologic, biochemical and survival data were analyzed to explore the outcomes and predictors of mortality.ResultsTwenty‐two out of 62 patients eventually gained ICU admission. Mean time from intubation to ICU entry and mean length of ICU stay were 48 h (0 to 312) and 10 days (1 to 33), respectively. Survival for patients admitted to ICU compared to ventilation in the acute surgery wards was 54.5% (12/22) vs 17.5% (7/40). Thirty‐four patients underwent surgery, and the majority were bowel‐related emergency operations. SAPS2 score validation revealed AUC of 0.701. More than half of patients with mortality risk < 50% eventually were not admitted to ICU.ConclusionsICU care for critically ill surgical patients provides better survival. There is a need to improve triaging for intensive care, especially for low‐mortality‐risk patients using risk scores which are locally validated.
Potassium permanganate is an excellent alternative to osmium tetroxide in freeze-substitution
Authors: Schauflinger Martin , Bergner Tim , Neusser Gregor , Kranz Christine , Read Clarissa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-pressure freezing followed by freeze-substitution is a valuable method for ultrastructural analyses of resin-embedded biological samples. The visualization of lipid membranes is one of the most critical aspects of any ultrastructural study and can be especially challenging in high-pressure frozen specimens. Historically, osmium tetroxide has been the preferred fixative and staining agent for lipid-containing structures in freeze-substitution solutions. However, osmium tetroxide is not only a rare and expensive material, but also volatile and toxic. Here, we introduce the use of a combination of potassium permanganate, uranyl acetate, and water in acetone as complementing reagents during the freeze-substitution process. This mix imparts an intense en bloc stain to cellular ultrastructure and membranes, which makes poststaining superfluous and is well suited for block-face imaging. Thus, potassium permanganate can effectively replace osmium tetroxide in the freeze-substitution solution without sacrificing the quality of ultrastructural preservation.
SorghumBase: a web-based portal for sorghum genetic information and community advancement
Authors: Gladman Nicholas , Olson Andrew , Wei Sharon , Chougule Kapeel , Lu Zhenyuan , Tello-Ruiz Marcela , Meijs Ivar , Van Buren Peter , Jiao Yinping , Wang Bo , Kumar Vivek , Kumari Sunita , Zhang Lifang , Burke John , Chen Junping , Burow Gloria , Hayes Chad , Emendack Yves , Xin Zhanguo , Ware Doreen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
SorghumBase provides a community portal that integrates genetic, genomic, and breeding resources for sorghum germplasm improvement.

Abstract
Public research and development in agriculture rely on proper data and resource sharing within stakeholder communities. For plant breeders, agronomists, molecular biologists, geneticists, and bioinformaticians, centralizing desirable data into a user-friendly hub for crop systems is essential for successful collaborations and breakthroughs in germplasm development. Here, we present the SorghumBase web portal (https://www.sorghumbase.org), a resource for the sorghum research community. SorghumBase hosts a wide range of sorghum genomic information in a modular framework, built with open-source software, to provide a sustainable platform. This initial release of SorghumBase includes: (1) five sorghum reference genome assemblies in a pan-genome browser; (2) genetic variant information for natural diversity panels and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant populations; (3) search interface and integrated views of various data types; (4) links supporting interconnectivity with other repositories including genebank, QTL, and gene expression databases; and (5) a content management system to support access to community news and training materials. SorghumBase offers sorghum investigators improved data collation and access that will facilitate the growth of a robust research community to support genomics-assisted breeding.