bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New-Generation Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hip Arthroplasty Implants Using Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction
Authors: Khodarahmi Iman , Brinkmann Inge M. , Lin Dana J. , Bruno Mary , Johnson Patricia M. , Knoll Florian , Keerthivasan Mahesh B. , Chandarana Hersh , Fritz Jan 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Despite significant progress, artifact-free visualization of the bone and soft tissues around hip arthroplasty implants remains an unmet clinical need. New-generation low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems now include slice encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC), which may result in smaller metallic artifacts and better image quality than standard-of-care 1.5 T MRI. This study aims to assess the feasibility of SEMAC on a new-generation 0.55 T system, optimize the pulse protocol parameters, and compare the results with those of a standard-of-care 1.5 T MRI.

Materials and Methods
Titanium (Ti) and cobalt-chromium total hip arthroplasty implants embedded in a tissue-mimicking American Society for Testing and Materials gel phantom were evaluated using turbo spin echo, view angle tilting (VAT), and combined VAT and SEMAC (VAT + SEMAC) pulse sequences. To refine an MRI protocol at 0.55 T, the type of metal artifact reduction techniques and the effect of various pulse sequence parameters on metal artifacts were assessed through qualitative ranking of the images by 3 expert readers while taking measured spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratios, and acquisition times into consideration. Signal-to-noise ratio efficiency and artifact size of the optimized 0.55 T protocols were compared with the 1.5 T standard and compressed-sensing SEMAC sequences.

Results
Overall, the VAT + SEMAC sequence with at least 6 SEMAC encoding steps for Ti and 9 for cobalt-chromium implants was ranked higher than other sequences for metal reduction (P < 0.05). Additional SEMAC encoding partitions did not result in further metal artifact reductions. Permitting minimal residual artifacts, low magnetic susceptibility Ti constructs may be sufficiently imaged with optimized turbo spin echo sequences obviating the need for SEMAC. In cross-platform comparison, 0.55 T acquisitions using the optimized protocols are associated with 45% to 64% smaller artifacts than 1.5 T VAT + SEMAC and VAT + compressed-sensing/SEMAC protocols at the expense of a 17% to 28% reduction in signal-to-noise ratio efficiency. B1-related artifacts are invariably smaller at 0.55 T than 1.5 T; however, artifacts related to B0 distortion, although frequently smaller, may appear as signal pileups at 0.55 T.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that new-generation low-field SEMAC MRI reduces metal artifacts around hip arthroplasty implants to better advantage than current 1.5 T MRI standard of care. While the appearance of B0-related artifacts changes, reduction in B1-related artifacts plays a major role in the overall benefit of 0.55 T.
Schneiderian Membrane Regeneration After Lateral Bony Window Repositioning in Modified Endoscopic-Assisted Maxillary Sinus Surgery: Transmission Electron Microscopy Evaluation
Authors: Han Jeong Joon , Sodnom-Ish Buyanbileg , Eo Mi Young , Kim Yoon Joo , Oh Ji Hye , Yang Hoon Joo , Kim Soung Min 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Regeneration of Schneiderian membrane (SM) and restoration of physiologic function of a maxillary sinus are essential for successful treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS). In the present study, the surgical procedures of modified endoscopic sinus surgery (MESS) for treatment of OMS were described with special focus on regeneration of SM and favorable bone healing in the lateral bony window repositioning procedure.

Methods:
The regeneration of the SM after MESS was assessed based on clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings. The study included 66 patients who received MESS with repositioning of the lateral bony window for treatment of OMS.

Results:
In the inflamed maxillary sinus membrane, squamous metaplasia was observed with infiltration of inflammatory cells including neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells. Although partial loss of the cilia was observed in the epithelium, the majority of epithelial cells was ciliated. Clinically acceptable partial or complete bone healing was observed without occurrence of postoperative maxillary cyst or invasion of soft tissue into the sinus cavity for all patients at an average of 1.4 ± 1.2 years after MESS. On histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of the healed soft tissue, significant inflammatory features were not found, and fibroblasts with abundant collagen fibers were the main findings.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that repositioning of the lateral bony window leads to regeneration of the SM and favorable bone regeneration without occurrence of complications associated with transmaxillary approaches and can contribute to maintaining normal physiological function of the maxillary sinus.
Lambdoid Craniosynostosis in an Infant With Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM)
Authors: Blum Jessica D. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Adzick N. Scott , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Both congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and lambdoid craniosynostosis are exceedingly rare, with estimated incidences of around 1 in 30,000 live births for each. Herein, we present a case of a patient with prenatally diagnosed CCAM requiring 4 doses of prenatal steroids and ultimately thoracotomy with right lower lobectomy. The operation was uncomplicated, and genome-wide analysis of SNPs revealed no pathologic abnormalities. Development was normal until head shape changes were noted at 5 months of age at which point evaluation by a craniofacial surgeon and 3D CT imaging revealed left-sided lambdoid craniosynostosis. The patient underwent uncomplicated posterior and middle vault expansion and remodeling of his lambdoid synostosis at 11 months of age. This paper explores the etiopathogenesis of CCAM and lambdoid craniosynostosis in an attempt to identify common pathways involved in the development of these exceedingly rare diseases which, to date, have not been described in the peer-reviewed literature.
Clinical Anatomy of Feeding Artery of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Iwai Toshinori , Sugiyama Satomi , Minamiyama Shuhei , Oguri Senri , Mitsudo Kenji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical anatomy of the feeding artery of the submandibular gland (SMG). A total of 199 SMG removals were performed in extraoral or intraoral approach with/without endoscopic assistance by a single surgeon. The feeding artery of the SMG was always identified intraoperatively and recorded in the operation record. The clinical anatomy of the feeding artery of the SMG was investigated based on the intraoperative findings. The facial artery was ligated and transected for the involvement of tumor or severe inflammation in 16 (8.0%) procedures. The feeding artery was investigated in the remaining 183 procedures. The mean number of the glandular branch was 1.5. There were 1 branch in 98 procedures (53.6%), 2 branches in 80 procedures (43.7%), and 3 branches in 5 procedures (2.7%). Detailed anatomical knowledge of the feeding artery of the SMG is useful for proper dissection of the SMG and preservation of the facial artery.
Adaptation of a Simulation Model and Checklist to Assess Pediatric Emergency Care Performance by Prehospital Teams
Authors: Boyle Tehnaz P. , Dugas Julianne N. , Liu James , Stapleton Stephanie N. , Medzon Ron , Walsh Barbara M. , Corey Pamela , Shubitowski Leonard , Horne John R. , O'Connell Richard , Williams Graham , Nelson Kerrie P. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Camargo Carlos A. , Feldman James A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Simulation tools to assess prehospital team performance and identify patient safety events are lacking. We adapted a simulation model and checklist tool of individual paramedic performance to assess prehospital team performance and tested interrater reliability.

Methods
We used a modified Delphi process to adapt 3 simulation cases (cardiopulmonary arrest, seizure, asthma) and checklist to add remote physician direction, target infants, and evaluate teams of 2 paramedics and 1 physician. Team performance was assessed with a checklist of steps scored as complete/incomplete by raters using direct observation or video review. The composite performance score was the percentage of completed steps. Interrater percent agreement was compared with the original tool. The tool was modified, and raters trained in iterative rounds until composite performance scoring agreement was 0.80 or greater (scale <0.20 = poor; 0.21–0.39 = fair, 0.40–0.59 = moderate; 0.60–0.79 = good; 0.80–1.00 = very good).

Results
We achieved very good interrater agreement for scoring composite performance in 2 rounds using 6 prehospital teams and 4 raters. The original 175 step tool was modified to 171 steps. Interrater percent agreement for the final modified tool approximated the original tool for the composite checklist (0.80 vs. 0.85), cardiopulmonary arrest (0.82 vs. 0.86), and asthma cases (0.80 vs. 0.77) but was lower for the seizure case (0.76 vs. 0.91). Most checklist items (137/171, 80%) had good–very good agreement. Among 34 items with fair-moderate agreement, 15 (44%) related to patient assessment, 9 (26%) equipment use, 6 (18%) medication delivery, and 4 (12%) cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality.

Conclusions
The modified checklist has very good agreement for assessing composite prehospital team performance and can be used to test effects of patient safety interventions.
Vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection against symptomatic and severe Covid-19 during the first year of vaccination in France
Authors: Castillo Milena Suarez , Khaoua Hamid , Courtejoie Noémie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 continues to spread despite fast vaccine rollout, which could be attributed to waning immunity or to a reduced protection against some variants. A thorough characterization of vaccine protection and its duration in time is needed to inform vaccination policies and enhance public trust.MethodsWe matched three national databases with exhaustive information on screening, vaccination and hospitalizations in France over the year 2021. We performed a two-step analysis to estimate vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of Covid-19 in people aged 50 years or over, combining: (i) a test-negative case–control design to assess vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infections; and (ii) a survival analysis to assess the additional protection against severe outcomes (hospitalizations and inpatient deaths) in infected individuals.ResultsWe found a high vaccine effectiveness in people aged 50 years or more, reaching 82% against symptomatic infections and 94% against severe outcomes, after a full vaccination scheme.Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infections strongly decreased over time, dropping to 53% after six months, but remained high against severe forms (90% after six months). The booster dose allowed restoring high protection levels. Vaccine protection and its evolution in time, showed little difference against the variants that circulated prior to December 2021 in France, including the Delta variant.ConclusionThough vaccine immunity decreases over time, vaccination remains crucial to provide individual protection against severe diseases. This decline can be reversed by the injection of a booster dose.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use during a five-year period is not associated with self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after adjustment of cigarette smoking history: A longitudinal analysis of PATH data
Authors: Cook Steven F. , Hirschtick Jana L. , Fleischer Nancy L. , Arenberg Douglas A. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Levy David T. , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria , Jeon Jihyoun , Meza Rafael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory conditions is critical. However, previous studies have not adequately controlled for history of cigarette smoking.Research QuestionTo examine the prospective association between ENDS use and self-reported incident COPD after adjusting for cigarette smoking history.Study Design and MethodsUsing waves 1-5 of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, we examined the association between ENDS use and self-reported incident COPD among adults aged 40+ using discrete time survival models. Current ENDS use was measured as a time-varying covariate, lagged by one wave, defined as established daily or some days use. We controlled for baseline demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education), health characteristics (asthma, obesity, exposure to second-hand smoke), and smoking history (smoking status and cigarette pack-years).ResultsIncident COPD was self-reported by 925 respondents during the five-year follow-up period. Prior to adjusting for other covariates, time-varying ENDS use appeared to nearly double the risk of incident COPD (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.44-2.74). However, ENDS use was no longer significantly associated with COPD (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 0.78-1.57) after adjusting for current cigarette smoking and cigarette pack-years. The risk of self-reported incident COPD increased with cigarette pack-years and was higher for respondents who were older, female, less educated, and had baseline asthma or obesity.InterpretationENDS use did not significantly increase the risk of self-reported incident COPD over a five-year period once current smoking status and cigarette pack-years were taken into account. Cigarette pack-years, on the other hand, remained associated with a net increase in the risk of self-reported incident COPD. These findings highlight the importance of using prospective longitudinal data and properly controlling for cigarette smoking history to assess the independent health effects of ENDS.
Pulsatile Gaussian-Enveloped Tones (GET) Vocoders for Cochlear-Implant Simulation
Authors: Meng Qinglin , Zhou Huali , Lu Thomas , Zeng Fan-Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcoustic simulations of cochlear implants (CIs) allow for studies of perceptual performance with minimized effects of large CI individual variability. Different from conventional simulations using continuous sinusoidal or noise carriers, the present study employs pulsatile Gaussian-enveloped tones (GETs) to simulate several key features in modern CIs. Subject to the time-frequency uncertainty principle, the GET has a well-defined tradeoff between its duration and bandwidth. Two types of GET vocoders were implemented and evaluated in normal-hearing listeners. In the first implementation, constant 100-Hz GETs were used to minimize within-channel temporal overlap while different GET durations were used to simulate electric channel interaction. This GET vocoder could produce vowel and consonant recognition similar to actual CI performance. In the second implementation, 900-Hz/channel pulse trains were directly mapped to 900-Hz GET trains to simulate the maxima selection and amplitude compression of a widely-usedn-of-m processing strategy, or the Advanced Combination Encoder. The simulated and actual implant performance of speech-in-noise recognition was similar in terms of the overall trend, absolute mean scores, and standard deviations. The present results suggest that the pulsatile GET vocoders can be used as alternative vocoders to simultaneously simulate several key CI processing features and result in similar speech perception performance to that with modern CIs.
Genomic epidemiology offers high resolution estimates of serial intervals for COVID-19
Authors: Stockdale Jessica E. , Susvitasari Kurnia , Tupper Paul , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Mulberry Nicola , Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Watt Anne E. , Sherry Norelle , Minko Corinna , Howden Benjamin P. , Lane Courtney R. , Colijn Caroline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEstimating key aspects of transmission is crucial in infectious disease control. Serial intervals – the time between symptom onset in an infector and infectee – are fundamental, and help to define rates of transmission, estimates of reproductive numbers, and vaccination levels needed to prevent transmission. However, estimating the serial interval requires knowledge of individuals’ contacts and exposures (who infected whom), which is typically obtained through resource-intensive contact tracing efforts. We develop an alternate framework that uses virus sequences to inform who infected whom and thereby estimate serial intervals. The advantages are many-fold: virus sequences are often routinely collected to support epidemiological investigations and to monitor viral evolution. The genomic approach offers high resolution and cluster-specific estimates of the serial interval that are comparable with those obtained from contact tracing data. Our approach does not require contact tracing data, and can be used in large populations and over a range of time periods. We apply our techniques to SARS-CoV-2 sequence data from the first two waves of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia. We find that serial interval estimates vary between clusters, supporting the need to monitor this key parameter and use updated estimates in onward applications. Compared to an early published serial interval estimate, using cluster-specific serial intervals can cause estimates of the effective reproduction number Rt to vary by a factor of up to 2–3. We also find that serial intervals estimated in settings such as schools and meat processing/packing plants tend to be shorter than those estimated in healthcare facilities.
Increased core body temperature exacerbates defective protein prenylation in mouse avatars of mevalonate kinase deficiency
Authors: Munoz Marcia A. , Skinner Oliver P. , Masle-Farquhar Etienne , Jurczyluk Julie , Xiao Ya , Fletcher Emma , Kristianto Esther , Hodson Mark P. , O’Donoghue Seán I. , Kaur Sandeep , Brink Robert , Zahra David , Deenick Elissa K. , Perry Kristen , Robertson Avril A.B. , Mehr Sam , Hissaria Pravin , Mulders-Manders Catharina M. , Simon Anna , Rogers Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYMevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in MVK, leading to recurrent fevers and systemic inflammation. We describe new mouse avatars of MKD bearing p.Val377Ile (the commonest variant) or deletions in Mvk. Compound heterozygous mice recapitulated the biochemical phenotype of MKD, with build-up of unprenylated GTPases and increased plasma mevalonic acid. Mice with different deficiencies in mevalonate kinase revealed new insights into the genotype-phenotype relationship and mirrored the variability in the prenylation defect in human MKD, with p.V377I homozygous mice having a milder phenotype than compound heterozygous animals. The inflammatory response to LPS was enhanced in compound heterozygous mice in vivo and elevated serum interleukin-1β was abrogated by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Increased temperature dramatically but reversibly exacerbated the deficit in the mevalonate pathway and defective prenylation in vitro and in vivo, highlighting increased body temperature as a likely trigger of inflammatory flares and an additional potential target for future therapeutic approaches.
Knowledge of theory of evolution and beliefs as determinants of dualism in health science students
Authors: Zappala María Alejandra Petino , López Pablo Luis , Aguirre Felipe , Richly Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has been proposed that dualistic conceptions on the mind and the body can affect the practice of health professionals. Religious beliefs have already been described as affecting mind-body dualistic thinking. Another factor that may play a role is knowledge of evolutionary theory, but this relationship has not been explored. In this work, data on knowledge of evolutionary theory and supernatural and dualistic beliefs of 287 Argentinian students of psychology and medicine majors. were collected through a cross-sectional online survey. Information was analyzed to determine whether an association exists between knowledge of evolutionary theory, supernatural beliefs and dualism. We found significant statistical associations between supernatural beliefs and dualism (positive) and between both and knowledge of evolutionary theory (negative). Also, some heterogeneity was found within dualistic questions between theoretical ones and a hypothetical case. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that knowledge of evolutionary theory could challenge mind-body dualistic conceptions.
Multi-channel deep learning with intracranial neurostimulation can localize seizure onset zones in humans
Authors: Johnson Graham W. , Cai Leon Y. , Doss Derek J. , Jiang Jasmine W. , Negi Aarushi S. , Narasimhan Saramati , Paulo Danika L. , González Hernán F. J. , Roberson Shawniqua Williams , Bick Sarah K. , Chang Catie E. , Morgan Victoria L. , Wallace Mark T. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, automated tools for seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization using brief interictal recordings would supplement presurgical evaluations and improve care. Thus, we sought to localize SOZs by training a multi-channel convolutional neural network on stereo-EEG (SEEG) cortico-cortical evoked potentials. We performed single pulse electrical stimulation with 10 drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients implanted with SEEG. Using the 500,000 unique post-stimulation SEEG epochs, we trained a multi-channel one-dimensional convolutional neural network to determine whether an SOZ was stimulated. SOZs were classified with a mean leave-one-patient-out testing sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 74.6%. To achieve maximum accuracy, the model requires a 0-350 ms post stimulation time period. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the model accurately classified unilateral vs bilateral mesial temporal lobe seizure onset, and neocortical SOZs. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that a deep learning framework can be used to accurately classify SOZs using cortico-cortical evoked potentials. Our findings suggest accurate classification of SOZs relies on a complex temporal evolution of evoked potentials within 350 ms of stimulation. Validation in a larger dataset could provide a practical clinical tool for the presurgical evaluation of drug resistant epilepsy.
Aging the Brain: Multi-Region Methylation Principal Component Based Clock in the Context of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Thrush Kyra L. , Bennett David A. , Gaiteri Christopher , Horvath Steve , van Dyck Christopher H. , Higgins-Chen Albert T. , Levine Morgan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) risk increases exponentially with age and is associated with multiple molecular hallmarks of aging, one of which is epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic age predictors based on 5’ cytosine methylation (DNAm) have previously suggested that biological age acceleration may occur in AD brain tissue. To further investigate brain epigenetic aging in AD, we generated a novel age predictor termed PCBrainAge that was trained solely in cortical samples. This predictor utilizes a combination of principal components analysis and regularized regression, which reduces technical noise and greatly improves test-retest reliability. For further testing, we generated DNAm data from multiple brain regions in a sample from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory & Aging Project. PCBrainAge captures meaningful heterogeneity of aging, calculated according to an individual’s age acceleration beyond expectation. Its acceleration demonstrates stronger associations with clinical AD dementia, pathologic AD, and APOE ε4 carrier status compared to extant epigenetic age predictors. It does so across multiple cortical and subcortical regions. Overall, PCBrainAge is useful for investigating heterogeneity in brain aging, as well as epigenetic alterations underlying AD risk and resilience.