bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Dentist as Smile Weavers” An Online Survey on Infection Surveillance, Emergency Treatment, Economic Setbacks, and Stress Endured by Periodontists of South India during COVID-19
Authors: Mahesh J. , Gopakumar Rethi , Anila S. , Baby Mathews , Anjali S. , A Gaffoor Faisal M. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The SARS-CoV-2 virus introduction and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have had a profound impact on normal dentistry, particularly periodontal treatment, around the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the infection surveillance, emergency treatment, economic setbacks, and stress endured by periodontists of South India during COVID-19.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2021 among periodontists in South India. A total of 300 periodontists were chosen through the randomized sampling technique. The data were collected using a self-reported closed-end questionnaire consisting of 38 questions through Google Forms. The information was entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS program version 16.0.

Results:
A total of 300 people took part in the survey, 277 (92.3%) dentists responded to the survey in its entirety. Periodontists and postgraduates made up 24.18% and 75.9% of those who responded, respectively. For all of the questions asked, there was a statistically significant difference among the responses. The majority of respondents agreed on questions about periodontists' knowledge, practice, mentality, and financial setbacks concerning the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion:
Most of the periodontists that we surveyed have adequate knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and have been taking adequate measures in preventing the spread of the disease. This pandemic has a negative impact on the periodontists. This study indicates a high level of depression among a significant number of periodontists. It is important to monitor and address the mental health needs of practitioners during the pandemic. The knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding teledentistry were found to be satisfactory among the periodontists.
Effectiveness of Salivary Glucose as a Reliable Alternative in Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ganesan Anuradha , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Kumar N. Gautham 
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objective:
The aim of the present study was to ascertain the reliability of using salivary glucose in diagnosing and monitoring the blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetic patients and also to evaluate the salivary glucose in fasting and postprandial states and correlate with the blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c values.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 79 Type 1 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls. The blood and salivary glucose levels were evaluated in both study and control groups using glucose-oxidase peroxidase method.

Results:
There was significantly higher level of salivary glucose in diabetics than in controls. There was a positive moderate-to-strong correlation between stimulated and unstimulated salivary glucose to blood glucose in both fasting and postprandial states. The cutoff values for stimulated and unstimulated fasting salivary glucose was 5.8 mg/dl and 5.6 mg/dl, respectively. The cutoff value for stimulated and unstimulated salivary glucose in postprandial state was 10.3 mg/dl and 9.5 mg/dl, respectively.

Conclusion:
Salivary glucose appears to be a reliable biofluid to assess the blood glucose levels and can be a reliable alternative to blood glucose in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Assisted Evaluation of the Bone Regenerative Potential of Modulated Sol–Gel-Synthesized 45S5 Bioglass Intended for Alveolar Bone Regeneration
Authors: Thomas Nebu George , Anbarasu Anand 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cell compatibility and in vivo regenerative potential of 45S5 Bioglass (45S5-BG)-based bone graft implanted in critical-size defects (CSD) created at rat calvaria using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In vitro cell compatibility of 45S5-BG was assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. For in vivo experiments, CSD of diameter 6 mm was created in the parietal bone and was treated with 45S5-BG bone graft in the test group (Group B), while the control group (Group A) CSD remained empty. Rats were euthanized at the 4th and 8th postsurgical weeks, and CBCT analysis was done for samples. The grayscale value in VGi and the selected region of interest (ROI, in mm) of CSD diameter were calculated.

Results:

In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of 45S5-BG showed that cell viability of more than 70% as compared to the control confirmed cell compatibility. CBCT analysis of CSD confirmed a significant increase in VGi (P < 0.001) and reduction in ROI of CSD (P < 0.001) from the 4th and 8th weeks in the test group as compared to the control.

Conclusions:

In vitro cytotoxicity analysis confirmed cell compatibility of 45S5-BG bone graft and CBCT analysis revealed its bone regenerative potential.
Reasons for Widespread Aspiration of Esthetics Veneers “Hollywood Smile”
Authors: Hebbal Mamata Iranna , Helaby Bashayer Salem , AlHefdhi Manar Alhassan 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
This study aims to assess the factors that determine the aspiration for “Hollywood smile” among the residents in five Gulf countries.

Materials and Methods:
A survey was conducted among subjects aged 18–60 years. A self-designed 19 items questionnaire was prepared which consisted of multiple choices and open-ended questions. The first part of the survey included demographic questions. The second part included questions related to Hollywood smile. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the association between different variables was assessed by Chi-square test where P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 2061 subjects participated in the survey. The majority of participants were females (76.81%), 97.28% of them were aware of the term “Hollywood smile,” and social media was the source of information. Statistically significant difference was noted among participants who underwent treatment according to residency place, age, educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and participants who were willing to undergo treatment in future according to gender, age, and SES.

Conclusion:
Subjects of younger age, higher education level, and higher SES underwent treatment. However, 23.83% of people were willing to undergo treatment. This reflects the increasing demand for esthetic treatment in future.
A Learning Curve is Essential to Growth
Authors: Moothedath Muhamood 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound impact on normal dental education. The purpose of this study is to look at the influence of COVID-19 quarantine on dental graduates' readiness, as well as to look into the usefulness and limits of online education from the perspective of students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 dental students of 18 dental colleges in Kerala from July 2021 to September 2021 using a self-reported closed-ended questionnaire and the information was coded, entered, and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:
A total of 88% of those who took the survey responded. Until the pandemic is over, a large majority of students (74.7%) prefer online lectures over classroom lectures. Only 46.1% of those who received online education felt confident enough to confront a patient.

Conclusion:
Data showed that students partially appreciated the online system. According to the statistics, students did not believe that it could completely replace face-to-face clinical practice.
Comparison of Glide Path and Pathfiles in Canal Preparation by Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Uppalapati Vishwaja , Chhaparwal Amit , Ahmed Siddiq , Shariff Suhail , Pallewar Abhijit Mallesham , Mustafa Mohammed , Agrawal Pratik 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Endodontics has become a routine practice in the recent times and many recent advanced rotary systems are available commercially. Hence, in our study, we describe the canal transportation of the different file systems in various combinations of the “Glide path (Gp)” by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In vitro study was with 40 single-rooted extracted human teeth that were grouped as “Group 1: Pathfiles (PF) and Group 2: V Gp 2 (V2).” Measurement of Centric ability, canal transportation, root canal curvature of the CBCT images was compared of the pre and the postpreperation of the canals with the two systems.

Results:
PF showed greater curvatures, working time, canal transportations, compared to the V2. PF showed lesser centric ratio, removed greater dentine compared to the V2 and also the cross-sectional area was also greater for the PF than V2.

Conclusion:
V2 performed superiorly than PF showing lesser canal transportation.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Bicuspids Instrumented With Hand Files, TruNatomy, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and WaveOne – An In vitro Study
Authors: Nassar Sulfia , Shetty Harish Kumar , Nair Prathap M. S. , Gowri Sree , Jayaprakash K. 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The study aims to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated bicuspids instrumented with Hand Files, TruNatomy (TRN), ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and WaveOne (WO).

Materials and Methods:
In total, 45 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 15 mm long. The samples were divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 9): instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) Hand Files (control group), instrumentation with TRN files, instrumentation with PTN files, instrumentation with PTG files, and instrumentation with WO files. The samples were obturated by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer. A vertical load was applied to the tooth using the universal testing machine (Tecsol-TSI-BDS-2Kn-Sr No. 170710) for the fracture resistance test. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
The study reported that teeth instrumented with NiTi hand files exhibited the highest fracture resistance when compared to all the rotary and reciprocating file systems. Among rotary and reciprocating instruments, root prepared with TRN files showed the most significant resistance to fracture compared with PTN, PTG, and WO files.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that minimally invasive instrumentation of the system preserves more pericervical dentin, which may increase the resistance to fracture. Results of this study and other studies support the use of minimally tapered instruments to improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Protaper Universal Retreatment System, R-Endo System and Hedstrom File in Gutta Percha Removal During Root Canal Retreatment- An In Vitro Study
Authors: Buranade Aravind T. , Algarni Youssef Abdullah , Alobaid Adel Saeed N. , Kader Mohammed Abdul , Baba Suheel Manzoor , Mohamed Ali Ahamed Babiker 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The complete removal of residual filling materials from the root canal determines the success of root canal retreatment.

Aim:
To evaluate and correlate the efficacy of ProTaper retreatment system, R-Endo retreatment system, and Hedstrom file in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer from root canal during endodontic retreatment in addition to the period desired for the elimination of gutta-percha and sealer.

Methodology:
Thirty extracted premolars were prepared and filled by cold lateral compaction with gutta-percha and sealer. Retreatment was finished with ProTaper retreatment files, R-Endo files, Hedstrom files with Endosolv E as the solvent for 10 specimens each. Each half of the root was imaged using the image analyzer software Chroma allied to a stereomicroscope with 10× magnification via a charge-coupled device sensor. For statistical analysis, parametric one-way ANOVA test and Scheffe post hoc multiple range test were utilized at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
There is no significant difference among the three groups at P < 0.0001 in removing filling material. However, the rotary files needed significantly less time for removing gutta-percha along with sealer than H-file (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The gutta-percha and sealer were found in the root canal subsequent to all the retreatment techniques, especially in the apical third. Retreatment time was less only for the rotary system.
The Prosthetic Complications and the Survival of the Implant-Fixed Complete Dental Prostheses
Authors: Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kumari Akanksha , Yemineni Bhavan Chand , Airan Manish , C Tiwari Rahul V , Damarasingu Rajesh , Tiwari Heena Dixit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The implants have brought a paradigm shift in the replacement of lost teeth. The complete dentures that are implant fixed have increased acceptance among patients. Since these are recently introduced, we aim to evaluate the prosthetic complications and the survival of the implant-fixed complete dental prostheses.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a retrospective study among subjects who received “implant-fixed complete dental prostheses (IPs).” We included 100 subjects with different IPs from the department records who complied with the follow-up. Prosthodontic complications and the survival of the IP were noted and presented as percentages.

Results:
Of the 100 subjects finalized in our study, 78 had metal acrylic (MA) and 22 metal ceramic (MC). The mean survival of the MC and MA was 5.2 and 5.1 years, respectively. The most common minor and major complications were “loss of screw access hole material, chipping of the veneering material, and chipping events.” Parafunctional habits affected the survival of the IP along with the reluctance to wear the night guard.

Conclusions:
Good survival and only a few prosthetic complications are associated with the IP and showed good patient satisfaction.
Clinicoradiographic Evaluation of Long-term Efficacy and Risk Factors Associated with Dental Implants used for Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Authors: Chahal Gaurav , Yadav Bipin Kumar , Thakur Rajesh Kumar , Saini Roseka , Kumar Mukesh , Saurabh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Despite various complications and failure factors, newer implants are designed that allow placement in sub-optimal conditions to allow the operator to place implants at sites with low bone quality. These newer designs also allow improved stability with higher survival rates in the short term.

Aims:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate long-term efficacy and risk factors associated with dental implant placement for full mouth rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:
In 24 subjects, 438 implants were placed. The data collected were surgical and were retrospectively analyzed. The data collected included medical history, local, patient satisfaction, marginal bone loss, and systemic risk factors affecting implant survival. Outcome variables assessed were peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival at the follow-up visit. The data were expressed in terms of percentage and number, and the results were derived.

Results:
Peri-implantitis was seen in 31.05% (n = 136) of implants. 76.02% (n = 333) of implants were considered successful at recall. Concerning survival, compromised and satisfactory survival was shown by 10.04% (n = 44) and 2.96% (n = 13) of implants, respectively. 10.95% (n = 48) of implants were considered as failures.

Conclusion:
The present study concludes that good, long-term survival rates are associated with full mouth rehabilitation using dental implants.
Prevalence of Palm-Print Patterns and their Association with ABO Blood Group and Gender, among Medical Students of North India
Authors: Gupta Anupma , Sharma Ravikant 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The Palmprint, a dermatoglyphic marker, is defi¬ned as the print of a palm, which is mainly composed of the palmar flexion creases and ridges. The palm print patterns and blood groups are unique, stable and remain unchanged throughout the life. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate association between Palm print patterns and ABO and Rh blood groups in both the genders of the North Indian population.

Material and Method:
The sample for the cross- sectional study was consist of palmprints from 300 (Male: female 1:1,150 each) medical students of North India. The palmprints of both the hands of the subjects were recorded by the ink and roller method.

Result:
The distribution of palmprint patterns of both hands showed a high frequency of Category 5, moderate of category 4, small of category 6 & 3 and none of category 1 &2. The study also show gender discrimination as category 5 was more common in males while Category 4 was more common in females (P-value for Right hand is.012 and for Left hand is <.001). Positive correlation was found between palm print patterns and blood group but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The findings of present study revealed statistically significant sexual dimorphism in the study population. Palm print patterns also showed a positive correlation with ABO blood groups.
Association of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Leptin Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Goutam Manish , Manas Abhigyan , Kashyap Arpita , Verghese Yohan , Jaggi Namita , Pragna K 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the association of orthodontic tooth movement with the concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Materials and Methods:
In thirty orthodontic patients, the concentration of leptin was assessed at baseline, 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 1 month after application of orthodontic force. Distalized tooth movement was evaluated by measuring the difference on dental casts at baseline and 1 month after force application.

Results:
Average concentration of leptin in GCF raises from baseline (T0) to 1 h after application of force (T1). There was a significant association of the overall average concentration of leptin with the degree of tooth movement (correlation coefficient = 0.625).

Conclusion:
There was a biphasic change in GCF leptin concentration and significant association between rates of tooth movement with GCF leptin concentration.
Assessment of Nutritional and Psychosocial Status of Elderly Patients Wearing Removable Dental Prosthetics
Authors: Huraib Wayel Mohammed , Al-Ghalib Thamer Abdulmohshin , Niyazi Adham Abdulmajeed Tash , Bamigdad Malak Saeed 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Tooth loss is an age-related problem. As age advances, people's ability to maintain their teeth is affected due to their reduced physical capacity and income. After fitting dentures, resuming a healthy diet can help alleviate a variety of discomforts, both psychological and physiological. The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and psychological status of elderly patients with removable dentures.

Materials and Methods:
A longitudinal study was conducted among 502 elderly participants to assess their nutritional status and psychological impact on elderly people who recently underwent denture placement. The data regarding nutritional status and its psychological impact due to tooth loss were collected from participants, and after 3 months of adaptability, postdenture data were collected. The survey was conducted in five parts, including initial demographic analysis, nutritional status, and psychological impact before and after denture wearing.

Results:
Most participants noticed a substantial increase in food consumption after wearing dentures to 59.76%. About 39.64% of the participants were reported to be skipping their meals regularly before wearing the denture. There was a significant increase in participants' ability to eat hard food, which accounts to be by 66.53%. There was an improvement in confidence in their smile by 32.87% of the participants after wearing dentures compared with their previous state. Only 34.66% of participants were worried about wearing dentures in public.

Conclusion:
Removable dentures in senior persons had a substantial impact on nutritional balance. The study also claims that wearing a complete denture improves edentulous people's psychological well-being and quality of life.
Evaluation of the Clinical Success of Immediate Loading Implant in the Aesthetic Zone
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Arora Sandeep Subhash , Varghese Thomas , Nair Achuthan , A. Gaffoor Faisal M. , Kumari Deesha 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of the current study was to assess the clinical success of immediate loading implant in the esthetic zone.

Materials and Methods:
20 patients with 20 teeth to get replaced were selected for the study. All patients underwent a pre-surgical preparation followed by draping. Following stringent asepsis, necessary precaution was taken to not to injure the socket wall while removal of tooth. After removal, socket was thoroughly cleaned and curetted with saline and betadine. Using physiodispenser and drills, socket was properly prepared for implant insertion taking care of irrigation with saline to avoid heating of socket while drilling. Implants were then placed with initial stability with hand motion followed by complete insertion with hand ratchet. Black silk sutures were used to close the socket. Patients underwent the first control one week after surgery. They were recalled at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months to evaluate the following parameters to assess the success of immediate implant placement: mobility, soft tissue conditions (gingival index and probing pocket depth (PPD)), and a graded scale ranging from “very satisfied” to “very unsatisfied” were employed to subjectively evaluate patient contentedness.

Results:
During the 1st and 3rd months, 100% mobility was absent. But on the 6th month, the implant of 3 patients (15%) was mobile. The maximum gingival index score was noted in the 1st month (1.02 ± 0.01) and reduced more in the 3rd month (0.74 ± 0.08). The probing depth was more in the 1st month (3.88 ± 0.10) and it was reduced in the 3rd month (3.02 ± 0.12). Significant difference was not found between different times of intervals. 14 patients were very satisfied, 5 patients were fairly satisfied, and 1 was fairly unsatisfied.

Conclusion:
The current study concluded that immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone has a better success rate with good patient acceptance.