bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
96-Channel on-chip reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer for multidimensional multiplexing systems
Authors: Zhao Weike , Peng Yingying , Cao Xiaoping , Zhao Shi , Liu Ruoran , Wei Yihui , Liu Dajian , Yi Xiaolin , Han Shangtong , Wan Yuanjian , Li Kang , Wu Guangze , Wang Jian , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The multi-dimensional multiplexing technology is very promising for further increasing the link capacity of optical interconnects. A 96-channel silicon-based on-chip reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is proposed and demonstrated for the first time to satisfy the demands in hybrid mode/polarization/wavelengthdivision-multiplexing systems. The present ROADM consists of a six-channel mode/polarization de-multiplexer, a 6 × 16 array of microring-resonator (MRR)-based wavelength-selective switches, and a six-channel mode/polarization multiplexer. With such a ROADM, one can add/drop optical signals to/from any channels of the multimode bus waveguide arbitrarily. For the designed and fabricated ROADM chip, there are more than 1000 elements integrated monolithically, including 96 MRRs, 576 waveguide crossings, 192 grating couplers, 96 micro-heaters, 112 pads, six polarization-splitter-rotators (PSRs), four asymmetric adiabatic couplers and four asymmetric directional couplers. For any channel added/dropped with the fabricated ROADM, the on-chip excess loss is about 5–20 dB, the inter-mode crosstalk is <−12 dB, and the inter-wavelength crosstalk is <−24 dB. The system experiments are demonstrated by using 10-GBaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals, showing that the observed optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) power penalties induced by the ROADM are less than 2 dB at a BER of 3.8 × 10−3.
Four- and five-photon upconversion lasing from rare earth elements under continuous-wave pump and room temperature
Authors: Jiang Bo , Hu Yuchan , Ren Linhao , Zhou Han , Shi Lei , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Benefited from abundant long-lived intermediate energy levels of rear earth elements, large anti-Stokes lasing can be realized by multi-photon upconversion processes, which does not demand rigorous phase match and ultrahigh pump power. Here, we have fabricated an Er-doped silica microsphere with an ultrahigh intrinsic quality factor of 1.2 × 108. By continuous-wave (CW) excitation at 1535 nm, four- and five-photon upconversion lasers are achieved simultaneously under room temperature, in which the lasing thresholds are estimated as 176 and 600 μW, respectively. Beside the ultralow thresholds, the microlaser also exhibits good stability of lasing intensity for practical applications. The four- and five-photon upconversion lasing from rare earth elements have not been separately demonstrated under CW pump and room temperature until this work. This demonstration provides a prospect to realizing high-performance short-wavelength laser by pumping low-energy photons.
Signs, paradox, and sporting games in school physical education
Authors: Pic Miguel , Navarro-Adelantado Vicente 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The wide range of semiotic possibility, through networks of motor communications, reveal processes for decision-making with playful meaning. We describe a physical education experience according to a sequence based on five motor games, corresponding to five networks of motor communications, with the purpose of revealing the signs to interpret a fully comprehension of playful communication. A total of 180 high school students were part of this pedagogic experience. Events (conducts) were obtained through the systematic observation of three game conducts, to be compared through the five games and thus offer indicators of motor complexity regarding decoding (low, medium, and high coding). Through the game sequencing studied, three blocks with different networks of motor communications were shown: their exclusivity and stability, their instability, and ambivalence, in addition to signs based on relationships of opposition, reidentification, and relativization. We propose that these signs should be transferred to a significant pedagogy with curricular interest for the physical education class.
Machine learning approaches for diagnosing depression using EEG: A review
Authors: Liu Yuan , Pu Changqin , Xia Shan , Deng Dingyu , Wang Xing , Li Mengqian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Depression has become one of the most crucial public health issues, threatening the quality of life of over 300 million people throughout the world. Nevertheless, the clinical diagnosis of depression is now still hampered by behavioral diagnostic methods. Due to the lack of objective laboratory diagnostic criteria, accurate identification and diagnosis of depression remained elusive. With the rise of computational psychiatry, a growing number of studies have combined resting-state electroencephalography with machine learning (ML) to alleviate diagnosis of depression in recent years. Despite the exciting results, these were worrisome of these studies. As a result, ML prediction models should be continuously improved to better screen and diagnose depression. Finally, this technique would be used for the diagnosis of other psychiatric disorders in the future.
Characterization of hydrophilic carbon nanohorns prepared by the arc-in-water method
Authors: Su Chi-Jung , Li Yi-Hui , Huang Shaoe-En , Weng Yu-Ching 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrophilic single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are produced by using the arc-in-water method. These hydrophilic SWNHs are easily formed in clusters with a diameter of ∼30–40 nm. The XRD pattern features a peak at around 26°, which is typical for SWCNHs. There are evidences of C–C, C=C, C–O, C=O and O=C–O– bonding units based on the XPS spectra of hydrophilic SWNHs. The Raman spectra show that the hydrophilic SWNHs have a high number of defects. Furthermore, stretching vibration bands of C–O, C=C, O=C–O–, C–H and O–H units have been observed by FTIR measurements. All these spectroscopic results are consistent with the structural concepts.
War among animals in Greek thought
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethologists have observed that some animals use organised violence against members of their own species. Some well-known scholars call this form of animal aggression war, deliberately omitting the quotation marks. And how was it in antiquity? Was war believed to be part of the animal world? The aim of the presented article is to analyse the ancient written sources in search of correlations between the notion of war and animals, and to determine what conceptual assumptions lie at the heart of this correlation. In light of the preserved records, it seems that the conviction about the existence of an inherent correlation between war and the animal world emerged slowly; that is, basic military terms (polemos, machē, etc.) were used with respect to animals reluctantly in the beginning and rather metaphorically, but gained popularity over time. Even though animals appear in the military context beginning from Homer's Iliad, Aristotle was most probably the first one to explicitly formulate a thesis about the presence of war (polemos) in the animal world. Aristotle's concept of war comes down to a series of duels fought between animals. It seems that what made it easier for Aristotle to transfer the notion of a battle (machē) from the human world to the animal world was the Greek tendency to present duels between soldiers as being equivalent to a clash between two armies.
The role of immunological factors in the development of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age with extragenital disorders
Authors: Tuchkina Iryna , Blagoveshchensky Roman 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the role of immunological factors in the development of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age with extragenital disorders.
Materials and methods. The study involved 100 women with abnormal uterine bleeding and accompanying extragenital disorders (main group) and 50 somatically healthy women (control group). Autoimmune antibodies to platelets, phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes, concentration of circulating immune complexes (CICs), total level of membranotropic cytotoxic factors, content of CD4+T-helper subpopulations and cytotoxic CD8+T-killer lymphocytes were evaluated as immunological markers.
Results of the study. The study showed that thrombocytopenia, caused by the presence of autoimmune antibodies to their own platelets, can be one of the pathogenic factors of bleeding in women with AUB. In 41 % of women with AUB, phagocytic reactions were found to be intense, which was expressed by an increase in chemotaxis and adhesion functions, and in 46 % of women by an increase in the absorption capacity of phagocytes. In the main group, 48 % of the examined women had insufficient phagocyte enzymatic activity, which was evidenced by a decrease in the index of completion of phagocytosis. In 79 % of women of the main group, violations of the formation and elimination of circulating immune complexes were detected. The formation of low-molecular-weight CICs in 82 % of women of this cohort contributed to the induction of autoimmune reactions. The total content of membranotropic cytotoxic factors, which was evaluated according to the lymphocytotoxic test, exceeded the reference values in 88 % of women of the main group. In the main group, the average content of CD4+ T-helpers was 23 % lower, and the content of suppressor CD8+ T-lymphocytes was twice as low compared to the control group, resulting in a significant increase in the immunoregulatory index by 30 %.
Conclusion. The women of the main group with abnormal uterine bleeding were found to have a violation of the functional activity of cellular factors of innate immunity, accompanied by changes in the absorption and digestive capacity of phagocytic cells. Assessment of secondary adaptive reactions showed induction of humoral sensitization and formation of autoimmune reactions (presence of antiplatelet autoantibodies, increase in CICs and LCT, decrease in the subpopulation of CD8+-suppressor T-lymphocytes). The detected violations indicate the pathogenic role of immunological reactions in women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Overview of methods and means of implementation of information and measuring components cyber-physical systems for electromagnetic probing
Authors: Buchma Ihor , Voichenko Mykhailo 
Published: August 2022

The object of research is cyber-physical systems for the study of inhomogeneous environments, in particular, such as land and water depths, in order to find in them the leading bodies. One of the most problematic places in the creation of such systems is a highly sensitive meter of small phase shifts with a low sensitivity threshold.
During the study, a review of methods for achieving a low threshold of sensitivity to phase shift. The main one is the method of converting the phase shift into the amplitude modulation coefficient. The implementation of the method is based on the sum-difference transformation with the preliminary introduction of the quadrature phase shift between the signals. The results concerning the methods of solving the following problems are obtained:
– increasing the temperature stability of the quadrature phase shifter;
– reducing the non-identity of the transmission coefficients of the sumo-difference scheme channels;
– allocation of the amplitude of the amplitude-phase-modulated signal at low ratios of the frequencies of the input signals and switching.
The first problem is partially solved by dividing the quadrature phase shifter into two equal halves, placed in different channels, with approximately the same phase temperature coefficients. The second problem is also solved by manual calibration before measurement. The most difficult task is to extract the bypass from the amplitude-phase-modulated signal, in which the carrier frequency is only several times greater than the bypass. The difficulty is that the detection produces combinational frequencies due to phase modulation. Therefore, it is difficult to separate them. Several methods of allocating the bypass, if the frequency of the input signals is fixed, are considered. This allows to get the sensitivity threshold(1·10–4÷3·10–5) of advice. Reducing the operating frequency of the signals increases the depth of research, but increases the impact of flicker noise. The minimum frequency is 10 Hz. Therefore, these methods are not suitable for frequencies of Hz units. Methods to reduce the impact of flicker noise will be considered in another paper.
Fatores associados ao uso de oxigenoterapia e suporte ventilatório em recém-nascidos prematuros
Authors: Espíndola Camila de Souza , Andreazza Marimar Goretti , Zechim Fernanda Cremasco , Jurkevicz Rafael , Takeda Sibele Y. Mattozo , Sarquis Ana Lúcia Figueiredo 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia com oxigênio suplementar reduz quadros de hipóxia reduzindo a mortalidade entre recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT), porém, a excessiva exposição ao oxigênio, tem o potencial de atingir e danificar múltiplos órgãos do neonato. Objetivo: Determinar os fatores associados ao uso de suporte ventilatório/oxigenoterapia nos RNPT. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo de caráter quantitativo, realizado no período de julho de 2019 a março de 2020, em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) de um hospital público universitário. Foram observados RNPT em uso de oxigenoterapia, desde o período de admissão até a alta, sendo coletados dados gestacionais, de nascimento e parâmetros da oxigenoterapia. RESULTADOS: 62 RNPT foram acompanhados com média de idade gestacional (IG) de 30,5 semanas (±3,43) e mediana de peso ao nascimento (PN) de 1.390 gramas (555 g - 3.115 g). O tempo médio de internação de 35 dia (3-176) e de oxigenoterapia foi de 7,5 dias (1-176). Ao relacionar o total de dias em oxigenoterapia com o valor do Apgar no 5º minuto, não houve relação significativa (rho= -0,158; p=0,219), porém, houve relação com a IG ao nascimento (rho= -0,725; p<0,001), uso de corticoide antenal (p=0,006) e surfactante exógeno (<0,001). Houve relação também com displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) e retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores associados ao tempo e uso de oxigenoterapia foram a IG, PN, uso de corticoide antenal e surfactante exógeno, sendo observado também associação com DBP e ROP.
Potential Landslide Origin of the Seram Island Tsunami in Eastern Indonesia on 16 June 2021 Following an Mw 5.9 Earthquake
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Patria Adi , Widyantoro Bayu Triyogo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
A 51 cm tsunami amplitude was observed in Tehoru, Seram Island (Indonesia), following an Mw 5.9 earthquake. Such a relatively large tsunami is highly unexpected from this size earthquake. Our analyses showed that the tsunami was 15 times larger in Tehoru tide gauge station than that recorded on two other stations located nearby. These observations imply that the tsunami was most likely generated by a secondary source such as a submarine landslide that potentially occurred near Tehoru. Local people reported landslide activities around Tehoru following the earthquake. We conducted numerical modeling of the tsunami by considering the tectonic source and found that the resulting tsunami was only a few centimeters in Tehoru. Therefore, it is very likely that the earthquake was not responsible for the tsunami observed in Tehoru. By assuming that a submarine landslide was responsible for the tsunami, we applied spectral analysis and tsunami backward raytracing to gain information about the potential size and location of the landslide. Backward raytracing was also applied to identify the earthquake source of the tsunami. Numerical modeling of eight candidate landslide scenarios showed that a landslide with a length and a thickness of approximately 4 km and 50 m, respectively, was potentially responsible for the tsunami. We note that our results serve only as the first and preliminary estimates. Bathymetric surveys and high-resolution bathymetry data are essential to provide more detailed information about the landslide.
Dynamic Modeling of the 2020 Mw 6.0 Jiashi Earthquake: Constrained by Geodetic and Seismic Observations
Authors: Xu Duyuan , Zhang Zhenguo , Qian Yunyi , Yu Houyun , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2020 Mw 6.0 Jiashi earthquake is the largest event recorded in the Jiashi region in the last 17 yr. Here we try to explore the primary characteristics of this event by using dynamic rupture modeling, and later compare our results with the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and near-source ground-motion observations. To focus on the geometric effects of the seismogenic fault, we conduct spontaneous rupture simulations in a homogenous material by using a linear slip-weakening friction law. Our results show that the synthetic data fits well with the observations, including the InSAR data and strong ground-motion waveforms. Significantly, the low dip angle segments at both ends of the rupture area along the dip-slip direction have behaved as “stress barriers,” which stop the rupture propagation. In other words, the rupture could be arrested by the near-horizontal segments rather than being prevented by the steeper ramp proposed by the previous studies. Thus, our physics-based dynamic modeling shows how the fault geometry controls the 2020 Mw 6.0 Jiashi earthquake rupture. Our work contributes to understand the complex nature of the low dip angle listric-reverse fault.
Obra de arte e verdade: Sobre a inversão de Heidegger da estética de Platão
Authors: Chiurazzi Gaetano 
Published: August 2022

According to the doctrine set out in Book X of the Republic, art is for Plato three degrees far from truth. This doctrine is based on the representative character of art: in his productions, the artist takes sensible things and not the ideas as his model, and ignores the use of the objects that the craftsman produces. In the essay The Origin of the Work of Art, Heidegger completely reverses this Platonic hierarchy. The essay seems to be an indirect response to Plato, as it discusses exactly the distinctions Plato draws, between natural object (the idea, which is “by nature”), object of use and work of art. The work of art – even when it imitates an object of use, as in the case of van Gogh’s painting of a pair of shoes – is for Heidegger the “setting-itself-to-work of truth”, because it shows the primarily ontological character of every work: its fabrication, that is, its historical being. The truth of the work of art lies in its historical character, and the work of art is the happening of truth because, more than any other object, its essence consists precisely in showing the temporal character as the essence of every object, even the natural ones.
Uma análise sistêmico-funcional da transitividade em notícias sobre casos de violência contra a mulher
Authors: Alves Karine Magalhães , Silva Izabel Larissa Lucena , Torres Fábio Fernandes 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as funções semânticas e textuais dos processos verbais em notícias de jornais sobre casos de violência contra a mulher. Investigamos os tipos de processos verbais predominantes nos textos e os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelas escolhas operadas pelos produtores textuais, analisando como a manifestação léxico-gramatical do participante sujeito orienta a interpretação da oração como mensagem. Para tanto, adotamos os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday; Matthiessen (2014), que definem a gramática como uma rede de estruturas sistêmicas interligadas para a construção de sentidos. Metodologicamente, analisamos dez notícias do jornal O Povo e dez notícias do jornal Diário do Nordeste sobre casos de violência contra a mulher, publicadas no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, cujos dados foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico no programa SPSS Statistics 2.2. Os resultados mostram a predominância de processos materiais, ligados ao “fazer” e ao “acontecer”, em que os participantes Ator e Meta, codificados predominantemente pelas entidades referenciadoras “vítima” e “agressor”, são os mais recorrentes na posição de Tema da oração, respectivamente, com 30,8% e 20,7%, demonstrando a preferência por entidades textuais envolvidas diretamente nas “cenas” de violência, com ênfase no “empacotamento” do conteúdo ideacional a partir da perspectiva da “vítima”, tomada como ponto de partida da oração enquanto mensagem.
Relations familiales brouillées dans quelques pièces africaines
Authors: Jakubczuk Renata 
Published: August 2022

Le présent article propose une étude de la crise des relations familiales à partir d’une sélection de six pièces de dramaturges africains contemporains peu étudiés jusqu’ici. Après avoir présenté les problèmes rencontrés par ces jeunes dramaturges africains face à l’utilisation de la langue et aux difficulté de publier leurs textes, l’étude aborde différents types de crise que peut vivre aujourd’hui une famille africaine : crise d’adolescence dans Bintou de Koffi Kwahulé (Côte d’Ivoire), « crise » financière dans La Dernière enveloppe de Pierre Mumbere Mujomba (République démocratique du Congo), crise familiale liée à l’inceste dans Einsteinnette de David-Minor Ilunga (RDC), crise sociale dans Tour de contrôle de Célestin Kasongo (RDC), crise de couple dans À bout de sueurs de Hakim Bah (Guinée), crise migratoire dans Passe pas, l’homme ! de Faustin Keoua-Leturmy.
Crise de l’amour, crise de l’écriture ? Jean de Tinan à la recherche d’un traitement par les mots
Authors: Opiela-Mrozik Anna 
Published: August 2022

L’article présente les traits principaux de la personnalité de Jean de Tinan et de son écriture qui est l’inscription des crises sentimentales vécues par ce romancier fin-de-siècle mort prématurément. Sa recherche désespérée de l’amour conjuguée à « l’impuissance d’aimer » se reflète dans les imperfections et l’hybridité de sa création littéraire. Les textes autofictifs de Tinan, (Un document sur l’impuissance d’aimer et, plus particulièrement, Penses-tu réussir !) témoignent d’une crise du roman : composés de notes, bouts de préfaces et fragments divers, ils sont rédigés dans un style primesautier, souvent métadiscursif et discontinu à l’extrême. Cependant, derrière une négligence de la forme et du style se cache l’émotion sincère d’un mal-aimé. L’écriture de Tinan assure un refuge, voire une thérapeutique que s’est inventée un homme malade. Tout en étalant sa souffrance, celle-ci lui apporte du soulagement. L’article se propose de réfléchir sur la fonction compensatrice de l’écriture de Tinan.
Crier la crise, nier la crise : solitude et solidarité dans l’expérience poétique de Michel Houellebecq et de Colette Nys-Mazure
Authors: Jasionowicz Stanisław 
Published: August 2022

L’article a pour but de confronter deux variantes de « l’imaginaire de la crise » se manifestant dans les pratiques poétiques de deux écrivains francophones contemporains, Michel Houellebecq et Colette Nys-Mazure. L’examen de quelques traits caractéristiques de leurs univers imaginaires, représentés entre autres par les figures du Père et de la Mère, permet de réfléchir sur les motivations profondes de leurs attitudes artistiques et existentielles. Il s’avérera que les stratégies poétiques qu’ils adoptent face aux problèmes existentiels fondamentaux restent en correspondance plus ou moins directe avec les vertus chrétiennes (la foi, l’espérance et l’amour), même si le point de départ pour Houellebecq (athée ou agnostique) est la « part sombre » de l’existence alors que Nys-Mazure (chrétienne, catholique) choisit sa « part claire », tous deux préfèrent construire que démolir. L’intuition d’une transcendance qui émane de leur soif d’harmonie poursuivie dans le monde chaotique contemporain permet de constater que la poésie, contredisant la crise du sujet et celle de la société, détient les moyens qui permettent de s’opposer – non sans succès – à la fameuse « crise de vers ».