bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HVAD to HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device exchange: Best practices recommendations
Authors: Salerno Christopher T , Hayward Christopher , Hall Shelley , Goldstein Daniel , Saeed Diyar , Schmitto Jan , Kaczorowski David , Molina Ezequiel , Zimpfer Daniel , Tsui Steven , Soltesz Edward , Pham Duc Thin , Mokadam Nahush A , Kilic Arman , Davis Erin , Feller Erika , Lorts Angela , Silvestry Scott , Slaughter Mark S , Potapov Evgenij , Atluri Pavan , Cowger Jennifer , Pagani Francis D ,   HeartWare HVAD System to HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist System Device Exchange Advisory Group, Atluri Pavan , Cowger Jennifer , Davis Erin , Feller Erika , Goldstein Daniel , Hall Shelley , Hayward Christopher , Kaczorowski David , Kilic Arman , Lorts Angela , Mokadam Nahush A , Molina Ezequiel , Pagani Francis D , Pham Duc Thin , Potapov Evgenij , Saeed Diyar , Salerno Christopher T , Schmitto Jan , Silvestry Scott , Slaughter Mark S , Soltesz Edward , Tsui Steven , Daniel Zimpfer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe HeartWare HVAD System (Medtronic) is a durable implantable left ventricular assist device that has been implanted in approximately 20,000 patients worldwide for bridge to transplant and destination therapy indications. In December 2020, Medtronic issued an Urgent Medical Device Communication informing clinicians of a critical device malfunction in which the HVAD may experience a delay or failure to restart after elective or accidental discontinuation of pump operation. Moreover, evolving retrospective comparative effectiveness studies of patients supported with the HVAD demonstrated a signiﬁcantly higher risk of stroke and all-cause mortality when compared with a newer generation of a commercially available durable left ventricular assist device. Considering the totality of this new information on HVAD performance and the availability of an alternate commercially available device, Medtronic halted the sale and distribution of the HVAD System in June 2021. The decision to remove the HVAD from commercial distribution now requires the use of the HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist system (Abbott, Inc) if a patient previously implanted with an HVAD requires a pump exchange. The goal of this document is to review important differences in the design of the HVAD and HeartMate 3 that are relevant to the medical management of patients supported with these devices, and to assess the technical aspects of an HVAD-to-HeartMate 3 exchange. This document provides the best available evidence that supports best practices. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022;-:1–8)
FlyBase: a guided tour of highlighted features
Authors: Gramates L Sian , Agapite Julie , Attrill Helen , Calvi Brian R , Crosby Madeline A , dos Santos Gilberto , Goodman Joshua L , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Jenkins Victoria K , Kaufman Thomas , Larkin Aoife , Matthews Beverley B , Millburn Gillian , Strelets Victor B ,   the FlyBase Consortium, Perrimon Norbert , Gelbart Susan Russo , Agapite Julie , Broll Kris , Crosby Lynn , dos Santos Gil , Falls Kathleen , Gramates L Sian , Jenkins Victoria , Longden Ian , Matthews Beverley , Seme Jolene , Tabone Christopher J , Zhou Pinglei , Zytkovicz Mark , Brown Nick , Antonazzo Giulia , Attrill Helen , Garapati Phani , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Larkin Aoife , Marygold Steven , McLachlan Alex , Millburn Gillian , Öztürk-Çolak Arzu , Pilgrim Clare , Trovisco Vitor , Calvi Brian , Kaufman Thomas , Goodman Josh , Krishna Pravija , Strelets Victor , Thurmond Jim , Cripps Richard , Lovato TyAnna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
FlyBase provides a centralized resource for the genetic and genomic data of Drosophila melanogaster. As FlyBase enters our fourth decade of service to the research community, we reflect on our unique aspects and look forward to our continued collaboration with the larger research and model organism communities. In this study, we emphasize the dedicated reports and tools we have constructed to meet the specialized needs of fly researchers but also to facilitate use by other research communities. We also highlight ways that we support the fly community, including an external resources page, help resources, and multiple avenues by which researchers can interact with FlyBase.
Youth, Transitional Justice and Art: Documenting War on the Streets of Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Alhariri Waleed , Al-Alawi ThiYazen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The role and impact of youth and art in war is multifaceted. In this article, presented as a dialogue, Yemeni street artist ThiYazan Al-Alawi shares his views on art, youth and justice in the midst of seven years of civil war in Yemen. His work is part documentation, part memorialization, part analysis, part therapy and part dissent. The artist first reflects on how he started, doing street art around the city, and how protest and war shaped his style and the topics he chose to cover. Al-Alawi explains how art in conflict zones addresses its audience, and how each of his own pieces has a mission. He also discusses recent collaborations with artists abroad which communicate to the outside world what is happening to him and his country. Throughout the dialogue, Al-Alawi gives advice on how the international community should support youth, and how art can be used for social dialogue and accountability. The article also includes selected photos of murals by Al-Alawi and his collaborators.
Angiofibroma of the external auditory canal: a rare case with literature review
Authors: Bouhafs Khalid , Lachkar Azeddine , Bouamama Tayeb , Miry Achraf , Benfadil Drissia , Ghailan Mohammed Rachid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Angiofibromas represent &lt;1% of all head and neck tumors and occur primarily in the nasopharynx. Extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are rarer. Remarkably, only a case of external auditory canal location has been reported. We present a case of an angiofibroma in this unique location in a female who presented with fullness of right ear and hypoacusis for 6 months. The clinical examination found a mass in the right external auditory canal attached to the posterosuperior wall. Preoperative audiometry revealed average right conductive hearing loss of 37.5 dB. A computed tomography scan revealed a mass on the right external auditory canal. Surgical resection of the mass was performed and the histopathological assessment confirmed the diagnosis. Post-operative audiometry showed an improvement in hearing function. There was no recurrence after 5 years. The prognosis of these tumors is good after total bloc resection.
A rare case of a giant retroperitoneal lipoma with multiple limb and trunk lipomata without familial multiple lipomatosis
Authors: Laurens Jason R , Frankel Adam J , Smithers Bernard M , Strutton Geoffrey 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Retroperitoneal lipoma is exceedingly rare, and due to the difficulty in distinguishing between retroperitoneal lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS), recommendation is en-bloc resection. A 58-year-old male was investigated for scrotal swelling, ultrasound and computed tomography showed a well-defined lipomatous mass occupying much of the left side of the lower abdomen. At laparotomy, a large left-sided retroperitoneal mass was found. Histology reported a 160 mm × 150 mm × 90 mm fatty tumour weighing 1540 g. MDM2 gene amplification was not present on fluorescence in situ hybridization. No significant somatic signatures were identified on whole exome sequencing. Retroperitoneal fatty tumours represent a diagnostic dilemma. Sampling via core biopsy has been recorded at 85% accuracy for WDLS. Positive amplification of the MDM2 gene supports a diagnosis of WDLS; however, a negative biopsy does not exclude the diagnosis due to varied amplification among different cells in the same tumour.
Development of an Animal Model of Military-Relevant Traumatic Stress
Authors: Henschen Drew , Swift Kevin , Taylor Rachel , Scott Emily , May Matthew , Ngouajio Boris , Jenkins Kilana , Johnson III Fred , Jeong Isaac , Silva Gabriella , Matson Liana , Lowery-Gionta Emily 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute Stress Reactions (ASRs) affect a subgroup of individuals who experience traumatic stress. In the context of military operations, such reactions are often termed Combat and Operational Stress Reactions (COSRs). COSRs not only encompass all symptoms of ASRs but also include additional symptoms related to military combat and may develop at a rate higher than the general public experiences ASRs. Despite an obvious need, there are currently no approved pharmacologic treatments or guidelines for ASR and/or COSR. Preclinical rodent stress models and behavioral assessments are used to evaluate pharmacotherapies and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Here, we combined established traumatic stress models to develop a model of traumatic stress relevant to military trauma exposure and measured behavioral outcomes that reflect outcomes observed in ASRs and COSRs.Materials and MethodsAdult male rats underwent exposure to either a combination of two or three traumatic stress exposures (e.g., predator exposure, underwater trauma (UWT), and/or inescapable shock) or control procedures. Behavioral performance on the open field, elevated plus maze, and acoustic startle response (SR) was then assessed 24- and 48-hours following stress/control procedures.ResultsIn Experiment 1, rats were exposed to a two-stressor model, where predator exposure was coupled with UWT. Minor behavioral deficits were observed in SR for stress-exposed rats as compared to controls. In Experiment 2, inescapable shock was added to predator exposure and UWT. Behavioral performance deficits were observed across all behavioral tests. In Experiment 3, procedures from Experiment 2 were repeated with the only major modification being a shortened predator exposure duration, which resulted in performance deficits in SR only.ConclusionsWe found that the three-stressor model of Experiment 2 resulted in the greatest overall behavioral disturbance (both in the number of variables and magnitude of stress effects). Interestingly, behavioral deficits elicited from the shorter predator exposure were distinct from those observed with longer predator exposure times. Together, these results generally suggest that combined preclinical stressors with military-relevant elements result in behavioral performance deficits reflective of post-trauma phenotypes in Soldiers. The present findings support the use of both physical and psychological stressors to model operationally relevant traumatic stress exposure.
Utility of multimodality molecular profiling for pediatric patients with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Rajappa Prajwal , Eng Kenneth W , Bareja Rohan , Bander Evan D , Yuan Melissa , Dua Alisha , Bhanu Maachani Uday , Snuderl Matija , Pan Heng , Zhang Tuo , Tosi Umberto , Ivasyk Iryna , Souweidane Mark M , Elemento Olivier , Sboner Andreas , Greenfield Jeffrey P , Pisapia David J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
As our molecular understanding of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors evolves, so too do diagnostic criteria, prognostic biomarkers, and clinical management decision making algorithms. Here, we explore the clinical utility of wide-breadth assays, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and methylation array profiling as an addition to more conventional diagnostic tools for pediatric CNS tumors.

Methods
This study comprises an observational, prospective cohort followed at a single academic medical center over 3 years. Paired tumor and normal control specimens from 53 enrolled pediatric patients with CNS tumors underwent WES. A subset of cases also underwent RNA-seq (n = 28) and/or methylation array analysis (n = 27).

Results
RNA-seq identified the driver and/or targetable fusions in 7/28 cases, including potentially targetable NTRK fusions, and uncovered possible rationalized treatment options based on outlier gene expression in 23/28 cases. Methylation profiling added diagnostic confidence (8/27 cases) or diagnostic subclassification endorsed by the WHO (10/27 cases). WES detected clinically pertinent tier 1 or tier 2 variants in 36/53 patients. Of these, 16/17 SNVs/INDELs and 10/19 copy number alterations would have been detected by current in-house conventional tests including targeted sequencing panels.

Conclusions
Over a heterogeneous set of pediatric tumors, RNA-seq and methylation profiling frequently yielded clinically relevant information orthogonal to conventional methods while WES demonstrated clinically relevant added value primarily via copy number assessment. Longitudinal cohorts comparing targeted molecular pathology workup vs broader genomic approaches including therapeutic selection based on RNA expression data will be necessary to further evaluate the clinical benefits of these modalities in practice.
COVID-19 Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Era of New Variants: A Review and Perspective
Authors: Marcelin Jasmine R , Pettifor Audrey , Janes Holly , Brown Elizabeth R , Kublin James G , Stephenson Kathryn E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have yielded definitive prevention and major reductions in morbidity and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, even in the context of emerging and persistent variants of concern. Newer variants have revealed less vaccine protection against infection and attenuation of vaccine effects on transmission. COVID-19 vaccines still likely reduce transmission compared with not being vaccinated at all, even with variants of concern; however, determining the magnitude of transmission reduction is constrained by the challenges of performing these studies, requiring accurate linkage of infections to vaccine status and timing thereof, particularly within households. In this review, we synthesize the currently available data on the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on infection, serious illness, and transmission; we also identify the challenges and opportunities associated with policy development based on this data.
Genetic analysis of chlorophyll synthesis and degradation regulated by BALANCE of CHLOROPHYLL METABOLISM
Authors: Yamatani Hiroshi , Ito Takeshi , Nishimura Kenji , Yamada Tetsuya , Sakamoto Wataru , Kusaba Makoto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) serves a number of essential functions, capturing and converting light energy as a component of photosystem supercomplexes. Chl degradation during leaf senescence is also required for adequate degeneration of chloroplasts and salvaging of nutrients from senescent leaves. In this study, we performed genetic analysis to determine the functions of BALANCE of CHLOROPHYLL METABOLISM1 (BCM1) and BCM2, which control Chl levels by regulating synthesis and degradation, and STAY-GREEN (SGR)1 (also known as NON-YELLOWING1 [NYE1]) and SGR2, which encode Mg-dechelatase and catalyze Chl a degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of bcm1 bcm2 revealed that both BCM1 and BCM2 are involved in the regulation of Chl levels in presenescent leaves and Chl degradation in senescing leaves. Analysis of bcm1 bcm2 nye1 nye2 suggested that BCMs repress Chl-degrading activity in both presenescent and senescing leaves by regulating SGR activity. Furthermore, transactivation analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1), a central transcription factor regulating the expression of genes encoding photosystem-related proteins, such as light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs), directly regulates the transcription of BCM1. LHCPs are stabilized by Chl binding, suggesting that GLKs control the amount of LHCP through transcriptional and post-translational regulation via BCM-mediated Chl-level regulation. Meanwhile, we generated a mutant of the BCM ortholog in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by genome editing and found that it showed an early yellowing phenotype, but only a slight reduction in Chl in presenescent leaves. Thus, this study revealed a conserved but slightly diversified regulation of Chl and LHCP levels via the GLK-BCM pathway in eudicots.
Downward income mobility among individuals with poor initial health is linked with higher cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Bulczak Grzegorz , Gugushvili Alexi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) across life course accumulate and produce visible health inequalities between different socioeconomic groups. Yet, it is not well-understood how the experience of intergenerational income mobility between origin and destination SEP, per se, affects health outcomes. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health collected in the United States with the outcome measure of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) constructed from data on LDL Cholesterol, Glucose MG/DL, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Intergenerational income mobility is estimated as the difference between Waves 1 and 5 income quintiles. Diagonal reference models are used to test if intergenerational income mobility, net of origin and destination income quintile effects, is associated with CMR. We find that individuals in the lowest and the highest income quintiles have, respectively, the highest and the lowest CMR; both origin and destination income quintiles are equally important; there are no significant overall income mobility effects for different gender and race/ethnicity groups, but downward income mobility has negative health implications for individuals with poor initial health. We conclude that downward income mobility can increase inequalities in CMR in the United States by worsening the health of those who had poor health before their mobility experiences.
The endosomal pH regulator NHE9 is a driver of stemness in glioblastoma
Authors: Ko Myungjun , Makena Monish R , Schiapparelli Paula , Suarez-Meade Paola , Mekile Allatah X , Lal Bachchu , Lopez-Bertoni Hernando , Kozielski Kristen L , Green Jordan J , Laterra John , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Rao Rajini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small population of self-renewing stem cells initiate tumors and maintain therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Given the limited treatment options and dismal prognosis for this disease, there is urgent need to identify drivers of stem cells that could be druggable targets. Previous work showed that the endosomal pH regulator NHE9 is upregulated in GBM and correlates with worse survival prognosis. Here, we probed for aberrant signaling pathways in patient-derived GBM cells and found that NHE9 increases cell surface expression and phosphorylation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by promoting their escape from lysosomal degradation. Downstream of NHE9-mediated receptor activation, oncogenic signaling pathways converged on the JAK2-STAT3 transduction axis to induce pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog and suppress markers of glial differentiation. We used both genetic and chemical approaches to query the role of endosomal pH in GBM phenotypes. Loss-of-function mutations in NHE9 that failed to alkalinize endosomal lumen did not increase self-renewal capacity of gliomaspheres in vitro. However, monensin, a chemical mimetic of Na+/H+ exchanger activity, and the H+ pump inhibitor bafilomycin bypassed NHE9 to directly alkalinize the endosomal lumen resulting in stabilization of RTKs and induction of Oct4 and Nanog. Using orthotopic models of primary GBM cells we found that NHE9 increased tumor initiation in vivo. We propose that NHE9 initiates inside-out signaling from the endosomal lumen, distinct from the established effects of cytosolic and extracellular pH on tumorigenesis. Endosomal pH may be an attractive therapeutic target that diminishes stemness in GBM, agnostic of specific receptor subtype.
Isotopic evidence for pallasite formation by impact mixing of olivine and metal during the first 10 million years of the Solar System
Authors: Windmill Richard J , Franchi Ian A , Hellmann Jan L , Schneider Jonas M , Spitzer Fridolin , Kleine Thorsten , Greenwood Richard C , Anand Mahesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pallasites are mixtures of core and mantle material that may have originated from the core–mantle boundary of a differentiated body. However, recent studies have introduced the possibility that they record an impact mix, in which case an isotopic difference between metal and silicates in pallasites may be expected. We report a statistically significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between olivine and chromite in main group pallasites that implies the silicate and metal portions of these meteorites stem from distinct isotopic reservoirs. This indicates that these meteorites were formed by impact mixing, during which a planetary core was injected into the mantle of another body. The impactor likely differentiated within ∼1–2 Myr of the start of the Solar System based on Hf–W chronology of pallasite metal, and we infer the age of the impact based on Mn–Cr systematics and cooling rates at between ∼1.5 and 9.5 Myr after Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). When combined with published slow subsolidus cooling rates for these meteorites and considering that several pallasite groups exist, our results indicate that such impacts may be an important stage in the evolution of planetary bodies.
Troll and divide: the language of online polarization
Authors: Simchon Almog , Brady William J , Van Bavel Jay J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The affective animosity between the political left and right has grown steadily in many countries over the past few years, posing a threat to democratic practices and public health. There is a rising concern over the role that “bad actors” or trolls may play in the polarization of online networks. In this research, we examined the processes by which trolls may sow intergroup conflict through polarized rhetoric. We developed a dictionary to assess online polarization by measuring language associated with communications that display partisan bias in their diffusion. We validated the polarized language dictionary in 4 different contexts and across multiple time periods. The polarization dictionary made out-of-set predictions, generalized to both new political contexts (#BlackLivesMatter) and a different social media platform (Reddit), and predicted partisan differences in public opinion polls about COVID-19. Then we analyzed tweets from a known Russian troll source (N = 383,510) and found that their use of polarized language has increased over time. We also compared troll tweets from 3 countries (N = 79,833) and found that they all utilize more polarized language than regular Americans (N = 1,507,300) and trolls have increased their use of polarized rhetoric over time. We also find that polarized language is associated with greater engagement, but this association only holds for politically engaged users (both trolls and regular users). This research clarifies how trolls leverage polarized language and provides an open-source, simple tool for exploration of polarized communications on social media.
The Good, the Bad, and the Missed Boom
Authors: Perotti Enrico , Rola-Janicka Magdalena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Some credit booms result in financial crises. While excessive risk-taking could plausibly explain the boom-to-bust cycle, many investors do not anticipate increasing risk. We show that credit booms may be misunderstood as being driven by high productivity because opaque bank assets disguise risk incentives. Balanced funding relative to productive prospects can sustain prudent lending (good boom), whereas funding imbalances may induce high risk exposure and boost asset prices (bad boom) or lead to asset underpricing and insufficient lending (missed boom). Rational agents drawing inference from prices make mistakes that can amplify the effect of funding imbalances and propagate risk.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.