bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mineral Deficiencies Associated with Mango Decline by DRIS
Authors: Schaffer Bruce , Larson Kirk D. , Snyder George H. , Sanchez Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Diagnostic Recommendation and Integrated System (DRIS) approach was used to identify mineral deficiencies associated with mango decline (a disorder of unknown etiology) of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees in the field. Nutrient deficiencies associated with decline were related to the nutrition of entire orchards and not to the nutrient status of individual trees within an orchard. The nutrient imbalance index (NII) was higher for trees in the orchards with the largest percentage of declined trees compared with the healthy orchard. The most deficient elements in orchards with declining trees according to DRIS were Mn, Fe, or a combination of both elements. The concentration of these elements was below the critical value in two of the three declined orchards sampled. Magnesium concentration was generally higher in declined orchards than in healthy orchards. Phosphorus had the most negative DRIS index, but the concentration was still above the critical value in an orchard that contained no declined trees. DRIS determinations from potted trees showing no mineral deficiency symptoms in a previous study also showed P to have the most negative DRIS index. DRIS, when used along with sufficiency ranges, appears to be a useful approach for identifying nutritional deficiencies involved in a mango decline.
An Inexpensive, Microcomputer-based Bulletin Board System for Extension Programs
Authors: Autio Wesley R. , Carroll Kathleen M. , Coli William M. , Leahy Kathleen P. , Cooley Daniel R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A microcomputer-based bulletin board using the FIDO software package was established at the Univ. of Massachusetts for the distribution of information in the cooperative extension programs of home horticulture, fruits, vegetables, cranberries, and integrated pest management. System establishment costs were under $3000, and costs for the first year were about $200 for the maintenance of a telephone line. The system logged 4595 calls from university personnel, county extension staff, state agencies, and farmers during the first year of operation (July 1986 to June 1987). A total of 307 individual information files were uploaded to the system by both university and county extension staff, while 387 downloads occurred from the system.
‘Texas Grano 1105Y’: A Late Maturing, Medium Length Storage Shortday Onion
Authors: Pike L. M. , Horn R. S. , Andersen C. R. , Leeper P. W. , Miller M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of a late maturing, high yielding, disease resistant shortday onion (Allium cepa L.) with improved shipping quality and medium length storage characteristics was the objective leading to selection and increase of this cultivar.
‘Puget Gold’ Apricot
Authors: Norton R. A. , King J. , Moulton G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Puget Gold’ is a partially self-fruitful apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) that has been more prolific and reliable in bearing than other cultivars tested at Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon. Since planting in 1979, it has produced a moderate to heavy crop every year, compared to ‘Skaha’ which did not crop at all in two seasons and set only a few fruits in most years. Because weather conditions at bloom time in early spring can inhibit pollination activity by insects, resulting in poor fruit set, the climate of the cool, moist Puget Sound region is not well suited to apricot production. Moisture-borne fungus diseases also can destroy blossoms and maturing fruit. Seven years' evaluation have shown ‘Puget Gold’ trees to be much better adapted to these adverse conditions than existing cultivars. ‘Puget Gold’ can fill a useful place in home orchards and gardens of western Washington, or other cool maritime climates.
‘Milo’ Cucumber
Authors: Sekioka T. T. , Takeda K. , Tanaka J. S. , Gilbert J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Milo’, a monoecious slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) F1 hybrid (Fig. 1), was released by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR). It was developed for the local market preference for crisp ovary wall. ‘Milo’ is resistant to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) and tolerant to powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr) Poll.].
‘Sovereign Opal’ Grape
Authors: Reynolds Andrew G. , Denby Lyall G. , Strachan Gary E. , Bouthillier Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sovereign Opal’ grape (Vitis sp.) was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Summerland, B.C. It is a late-midseason wine cultivar suitable for varietally labelled or generic white wines.
Seed After-ripening and Temperature Influence Butia capitata Germination
Authors: Carpenter William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Butia fruit coloration at removal from the infructescence indicates the ability of the seeds to germinate. Seeds from yellow-green fruits had significantly lower germination percentages than seeds from bright to dark yellow fruits. Soaking cleaned seeds in deionized water or aqueous GA3 solutions at 1000 ppm for 24 hr following mechanical or acid scarification failed to promote germination. Butia seeds required 90 to 150 days after-ripening at 5° to 25°C before sowing. After-ripened seed sown at 40° and held there for 2 to 3 weeks and at 30° thereafter had 70% to 80% germination and superior vigor. Constant 40° temperature during germination reduced seedling growth. After-ripening and germination at 40° substantially increased total germination and reduced germination time. Time required for germination declined as after-ripening increased from 30 to 150 days.
Salinity Effects on Three Turf Bermudagrasses
Authors: Francois L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), a salt tolerant species, is frequently grown on saline soil. However, new cultivars or accessions used in breeding programs may further increase salt tolerance. Therefore, salt tolerance of the cultivar Tifway II and the accessions Tifton 10 (obtained from China) and Tifton 86 (obtained from Israel) was tested. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in 0.05 m3 pots filled with Pachappa fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf). Four salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating with waters salinized with NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1, by weight). Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters were 0.9, 6.2, 11.7, and 17.2 dS·m–1. Top growth was measured at nine consecutive harvests. Relative top growth of Tifton 10, ‘Tifway II’, and Tifton 86 was unaffected by soil salinity until the electrical conductivity of the saturated-soil extract (κe) exceeded 2.7, 8.4, and 10.3 dS·m–1, respectively. Each unit increase above these thresholds reduced yield of Tifton 10 by 2.3%, ‘Tifway II’ by 2.8%, and Tifton 86 by 2.5%. These results place Tifton 10 in the moderately tolerant, and ‘Tifway II’ and Tifton 86 in the tolerant salt-tolerance categories.
Influence of Light, Medium, and Fertilization on Growth and Acclimatization of Ponytail Palm
Authors: Wang Yin-Tung , Sauls Julian W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ponytail palms (Beaucarnea recurvata L.) were grown in three media having similar water holding capacities but different porosities, under 70%, 50%, or 27% full sunlight and fertilized with each irrigation or once every three irrigations. Plants grown in media with lower porosities grew more than plants in a peat-lite medium but required more frequent irrigation. Plants grew less under 27% full sun than at the two higher light levels. Frequent fertilization did not increase plant size but decreased pH and increased electrical conductivity of the growth medium leachate substantially. Plant acclimatization increased with decreasing production light intensity and noncapillary porosity of the medium.
Relationship Between Leaf Area and Dry Matter in Southernpeas
Authors: Rhoden E. G. , Croy L. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid, nondestructive, and precise methods for measuring leaf area are required to model plant growth, transpiration, and photosynthesis. Five southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars were grown in a controlled environment using a Kirkland silt loam (Udertic Paleustoll) to determine if consistent relationships exist between leaf area, leaf dry matter, and total dry matter. Leaf area and leaf dry matter were closely correlated for the five southernpea cultivars (R2 = 0.90). Furthermore, leaf area and plant dry matter were also highly correlated (R2 = 0.89). The leaf area:leaf dry matter ratios were also consistent for all cultivars throughout the vegetative growth period. Therefore, in studies where leaf area is required, leaf dry matter or plant aerial dry matter may be used to estimate leaf area of southernpeas during the vegetative stage.
Chilling Injury, Peroxidase, and Cellulase Activities in the Peel of Mango Fruit at Low Temperature
Authors: Zauberman Giora , Fuchs Yoram , Rot llana , Wexler Asya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) developed on the peel of ‘Keitt’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit that were stored at 5°C and consequently transferred to 20° for ripening. Peroxidase and cellulase activities in the peel of such fruit rose during the development of CI to much higher levels than in nonchilled fruit. The activity of these two enzymes started to increase before any changes in total soluble solids and acid contents of the pulp could be observed. We suggest that the increase in activity of the two enzymes is part of the CI syndrome that develops during storage of mango fruit at chilling temperatures.
Control of Weight Loss and Sprouting of Ginger Rhizome in Storage
Authors: Pauli Robert E. , Chen Nancy Jung , Goo Theodore T. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methods were investigated to control weight loss and sprouting of stored ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc), including waxing, sprout inhibitors, and gamma irradiation. Rhizomes stored for 3 months at 22°C and 70% RH lost about 20% weight. Waxing of the rhizome did not reduce water loss. Some wax treatments increased the number and length of sprouts. Preharvest application of maleic hydrazide significantly increased the number and reduced the length of sprouts. Postharvest CIPC application significantly reduced the length of sprouts. Vacuum infiltration increased the effectiveness of CIPC in reducing sprout length. Gamma and X-ray irradiation also reduced sprout number and length. Minimum doses of gamma radiation for sprout control was 25 Gy and 120 to 150 Gy for X-ray irradiation if the rhizome was stored for more than 3 months at 22°. A higher dose of irradiation (500 Gy) was required if complete sprout growth control was needed for storage periods <3 months at 22°. Suberization occurred during curing at 22°, but the suberin layer did not completely protect the cut surface. Chemical name used: isopropyl n-(3 chlorophenyl)-carbamate (CIPC).
Correlated Responses to Selection for Low Temperature Germination in Cucumber
Authors: Staub Jack E. , Lower Richard L. , Nienhuis James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed of four heterogeneous cucumber [Cucumis sativus (L.)] populations (C0-C3) that had undergone recurrent half-sib selection for improved germinability at 15°C were evaluated for seedling emergence and other horticultural characteristics under field conditions. Correlated responses to selection were observed for percent emergence 7 days after sowing and mean number of days to emergence. No correlated response to selection was observed for changes in sex expression, seedling vigor, or yield. These results suggest that selection for low temperature germinability at 15° did not result in any change in the horticulturally important characteristics monitored.
Inheritance of Three Enzyme Loci in Cucumber
Authors: Staub Jack E. , Fredrick Linda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inheritance and linkage relationships among isocitrate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and peptidase with phenyl-alanyl-proline were determined. Progeny segregations fit a model for a dimeric enzyme encoded by one disomic locus with two alleles. Linkage associations among the three loci were not detectable with recombination fractions ranging between 0.353 to 0.481 among these loci.
Growth of Five Vegetable Crops Treated with the Herbicide Fluazifop in a Greenhouse
Authors: Boucounis Thomas G. , Whitwell Ted , Ogle Wayne L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weed control is essential for production of high quality vegetables with maximum yields. (±)-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop) is a systemic postemergence herbicide that selectively controls annual and perennial grasses in dicotylendonous crops. In the United States, fluazifop is registered for control of emerged grasses in soybeans, cotton, nonbearing trees, vines, and strawberries, dicotyledonous ornamentals, and fallow land (Imperial Chemical Industries, Inc. 1985; Fusilade-2000 product label I.C.I. Americas, Inc., Agr. Chem. Div., Wilmington, DE 19897). Research has dealt with the safe use of fluazifop in field-grown vegetables at various growth stages (4), but there are no data in the literature describing the effect of fluazifop on greenhouse grown transplants. Therefore, we determined the effect of two rates of fluazifop on the growth and development of five vegetables grown in a greenhouse for transplants.
Using Greenhouse Plant Beds for Demonstrating Plastic Mulch, Trickle Irrigation, and Row Covers
Authors: Decoteau Dennis R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Demonstrations and evaluations of plastic mulch, trickle irrigation, and row cover effects on vegetable crops are primarily conducted in the field (1, 2). However, field evaluations of these procedures during the summer months are often not available for observation by grower groups that traditionally meet during the winter and spring months, or by students in plant production courses taught during the spring or fall semester. This report describes a plant bed system in a greenhouse that could be used for demonstrating plastic mulch, trickle irrigation, and row cover effects on selected vegetable crops regardless of season.
‘LaJewel’ Peach
Authors: Johnson C. E. , Young W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘LaJewel’ is a late season peach for fresh and pick-your-own marketing, maturing about 15 days after ‘Elberta’. Fruits are freestone with yellow flesh. Resistance to bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pruni (Smith) Young et al.] is high.
To Be or Not to Be Dormant: Some Comments on the New Dormancy Nomenclature
Authors: Junttila Olavi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I have read the paper of Lang et al. (8) with great interest. The authors propose a new terminology and classification of dormancy based on three main terms: eco–, para–, and endodormancy. I agree with the authors that the present nomenclature, which developed over time, is complex, confusing, and difficult to understand. A wide variety of terms have been used, often even for the same phenomenon, and some terms have several definitions. Lang and coworkers hope to bring clarity to this situation by introducing the terms eco–, para–, and endodormancy. However, I find it difficult to adapt this terminology to a physiological description of dormancy. In my opinion, the new terms Lang et al. contribute to confusion rather than to clarity.
Methods for Evaluating Chemical Inhibitors of Apple Abscission
Authors: Marini Richard , Byers Ross 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several methods were evaluated for inducing apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit abscission before the harvest season. Pedicels abscised within 7 days after being defruited, but drop inhibitors retarded abscission minimally. Injecting ethephon into the seed cavity induced only 70% to 80% fruit drop within 13 days after treatment. Removing the calyx half of a fruit (half-fruit) induced abscission within 13 days of treatment, and half-fruit responded to drop inhibitors. Scoring branches before treatment did not influence abscission of half-fruit, but increased the severity of phytotoxic symptoms caused by triclopyr and dicamba. The half-fruit method facilitates the screening of many potential drop inhibitors because treatments can be applied to single-limb-units at any time during the growing season.
Plant Cost Accounting: A Microcomputer Program to Calculate Crop Production Costs
Authors: Tripepi Robert R. , Kuchar Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growers must know their production costs to be competitive and profitable. A microcomputer program has been developed to calculate these costs based on various production inputs involved in growing crops. The user enters costs for land, buildings, equipment, general overhead expenses, and cultural practices. The program produces cost summaries for capital requirements, annual fixed costs, variable cost per hour of equipment, estimated costs of production, and final price per plant. With this information, growers can compare their prices against those of competitors to determine if the crop will be profitable.
‘Earliscarlet’ Nectarine
Authors: Scorza Ralph , Fogle Harold W. , Gilreath L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Earliscarlet’ nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released in Apr. 1985 because of its attractiveness, high quality, and early season of ripening, a season when relatively few high quality nectarine cultivars for the eastern United States are available.
Rhizome Storage Increases Growth of Zantedeschia elliottiana and Z. rehmannii
Authors: Corr Brian E. , Widmer Richard E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl. and Z. rehmannii W. Wats. rhizomes replanted immediately after leaf removal (without a period of storage) did not grow. Rhizomes replanted after leaf senescence, induced by withholding water, sprouted without an additional storage period, but height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greater from rhizomes stored for ≥3 weeks. Rhizomes stored at 22°C for 6 weeks lost significantly more weight than rhizomes stored at 4° or 9°. Height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greatest after 9° storage for both species, but differences were significant for Z. rehmannii only.
Ethephon Dip Concentration and Heat Curing Duration Influence Forcing Performance of Dutch Iris
Authors: Cascante Xenia M. , Doss Robert P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When compared to non-ethephon treated bulbs, time to flowering of U.S.-grown Dutch iris (Iris hollandica Hoog) ‘Ideal’ and ‘Blue Ribbon’ was shortened by 14 and 27 days, respectively, by dipping bulbs for 1 hr in a solution of ethephon at a concentration of 0.25 g·liter–1 and then heat curing at 32°C for 3 days. This treatment also decreased leaf number and maximum leaf length. Thus, the plants were commercially more acceptable than those not treated with ethephon. With ‘Blue Ribbon’, treatment with ethephon at 5.0 g·liter–1 reduced flowering percentage relative to that obtained with several lower concentrations because of prevention of flower initiation. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Slow-release Fertilizers as Sources of Sulfur
Authors: Handreck Kevin A. , Correll Raymond L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When the slow-release fertilizers Nutricote 13N–5.7P–9.1K (4–5 month) (N1), Nutricote 13N–5.7P–9.1K (8–9 month)(N2), Osmocote 15N–5.2P–12.5K (3–4 month)(01), Osmocote 18N–4.8P–8.3K (8–9 month) (02) and Osmocote Plus 15.4N–4.8P–10.8K (3–4 month)(03) were incorporated into Pinus radiata D. Don bark at a rate of 2 g·liter–1, S equivalent to about 8%, 0.6%, 17%, 16%, and 20%, respectively, of their S contents appeared in leachates over 64 days. Phlox drummondii Hook. ‘Candy’ were grown in a soilless potting mix containing N1, O1, or O3 at 3, 6, and 9 g·liter–1 alone or supplemented with gypsum and/or a dilute S-free liquid fertilizer. At 3 g·liter–1 addition, plants in N1 pots grew better with gypsum and liquid feed added separately and much better when both were applied. At 6 and 9 g·liter–1, neither gypsum nor liquid fertilizer increased shoot weights, but plants grown without gypsum were chlorotic, which was attributed to S deficiency. The combined addition of gypsum and liquid fertilizer to pots containing N1 at 6 and 9 g·liter–1 gave significantly larger shoot weights.
Internal Atmosphere of Onion Bulbs Stored at Various Oxygen Concentrations and Temperatures
Authors: Ladeinde Folusa , Hicks James R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The internal atmosphere of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs after 3 months of storage at 20°C was 3.1% CO2/16.2% O2. Bulb size and sampling location within the bulb did not significantly influence the level of particular gaseous components. The equilibrium level of internal O2 was lowest at 30° and highest at 0° and was dependent on external O2 level. Wax applied to the root plate caused a dramatic reduction of internal O2 and elevation of CO2. There was less effect when only the neck of the bulb was waxed. The effect of waxing the base plate and neck was greater at 15° and 30° than at 0°.
Post-germination Root Growth in Lettuce: Role of Ethylene under Saline and Nonsaline Conditions
Authors: Huang X. -L. , Khan Anwar A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The role of ethylene in the control of post-germination root growth of Lactuca sativa L. ‘Mesa 659’ was investigated in saline (0.1 m NaCl) and nonsaline media by the use of the ethylene absorbant Hg(ClO4)2 and the ethylene action inhibitors norbornadiene (NBD), silver thiosulfate (STS), and silver nitrate. Root growth was inhibited by 0.1 m NaCl, 0.32 to 1.6 µl·liter–1 ethylene, 0.35 mm ethephon, 0.05 mm kinetin, or 1mm ACC. Application of 1.0 to 4.0 ml NBD gas–air mixture or 0.001 to 1.0 mm STS enhanced the root growth in both saline and nonsaline media. The magnitude of response to NBD or STS under saline condition was greater or equal to that under nonsaline condition. NBD was most effective when applied at the time when the radicle was just protruding (1–2 mm). Kinetin or ACC inhibition of root growth was not reversed by NBD or AgNO3, indicating that such inhibition may not relate directly to ethylene action. We conclude that the sensitivity of lettuce roots to ethylene might be enhanced in saline medium even though growth may be reduced. Chemical names used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC); 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD); N-(2-furfurylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine (kinetin); and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
A Rapid Clearing and Staining Method for Tissue-cultured Plantlets and Greenhouse-grown Leaves
Authors: Tisdall Laurence , Donnelly Danielle J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simple, rapid clearing and staining method was developed using intact in vitro blackberry (Rubus spp. ‘Silvan’) and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Totem’) plantlets and sections of greenhouse-grown ‘Silvan’ and ‘Totem’ leaves. The clearing method involved three steps: 1) autoclaving in 80% ethanol to remove the chlorophyll, which took 15 to 20 min for plantlets and 25 and 35 min for greenhouse-grown ‘Silvan’ and ‘Totem’, respectively; 2) dissolution of the protoplasm using 5% NaOH at 80°C, which took 20 min for plantlets and 35 and 40 min for greenhouse-grown ‘Silvan’ and ‘Totem’ respectively; 3) post-alkali treatment with 75% bleach (4.5% NaClO). For tissue-cultured plantlets this took 5 to 10 min at room temperature, but greenhouse-grown material required 35 to 40 min at 55°. Aqueous safranin (10 mg·liter−1) was used for staining. This method gave consistently good results and required a maximum of 2 hr for completion.