bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Free‐Breathing MRI to Quantify Pancreatic Fat and Investigate Spatial Heterogeneity in Children
Authors: Story Jacob D. , Ghahremani Shahnaz , Kafali Sevgi Gokce , Shih Shu‐Fu , Kuwahara Kelsey J. , Calkins Kara L. , Wu Holden H. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMRI acquisition for pediatric pancreatic fat quantification is limited by breath‐holds (BH). Full segmentation (FS) or small region of interest (ROI) analysis methods may not account for pancreatic fat spatial heterogeneity, which may limit accuracy.PurposeTo improve MRI acquisition and analysis for quantifying pancreatic proton‐density fat fraction (pPDFF) in children by investigating free‐breathing (FB)‐MRI, characterizing pPDFF spatial heterogeneity, and relating pPDFF to clinical markers.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 34 children, including healthy (N = 16, 8 female) and overweight (N = 18, 5 female) subjects.Field Strength and Sequences3 T; multiecho gradient‐echo three‐dimensional (3D) stack‐of‐stars FB‐MRI, multiecho gradient‐echo 3D Cartesian BH‐MRI.AssessmentA radiologist measured FS‐ and ROI‐based pPDFF on FB‐MRI and BH‐MRI PDFF maps, with anatomical images as references. Regional pPDFF in the pancreatic head, body, and tail were measured on FB‐MRI. FS‐pPDFF, ROI‐pPDFF, and regional pPDFF were compared, and related to clinical markers, including hemoglobin A1c.Statistical TestsT‐test, Bland–Altman analysis, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), one‐way analysis of variance, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFS‐pPDFF and ROI‐pPDFF from FB‐MRI and BH‐MRI had mean difference = 0.4%; CCC was 0.95 for FS‐pPDFF and 0.62 for ROI‐pPDFF. FS‐pPDFF was higher than ROI‐pPDFF (10.4% ± 6.4% vs. 4.2% ± 2.8%). Tail‐pPDFF (11.6% ± 8.1%) was higher than body‐pPDFF (8.9% ± 6.3%) and head‐pPDFF (8.7% ± 5.2%). Head‐pPDFF and body‐pPDFF positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c.Data ConclusionFB‐MRI pPDFF is comparable to BH‐MRI. Spatial heterogeneity affects pPDFF quantification. Regional measurements of pPDFF in the head and body were correlated with hemoglobin A1c, a marker of insulin sensitivity.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector
Authors: Horvath Kathleen L. , Piacentino Elettra L. , Serpa Rafael Bento , Aloui Tanouir , Vyas Raul , Zhilichev Yuriy , von Windheim Jesko , Sartorelli Maria Luisa , Parker Charles B. , Denton M. Bonner , Gehm Michael E. , Glass Jeffrey T. , Amsden Jason J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the advent of technologies such as ion array detectors and high energy permanent magnet materials, there is renewed interest in the unique focusing properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer and its ability to enable small, high‐resolution, and high‐sensitivity instruments. However, most literature dealing with the design of cycloidal mass analyzers assumes a single channel detector because at the time of those publications, compatible multichannel detectors were not available. This manuscript introduces and discusses considerations and a procedure for designing cycloidal mass analyzers coupled with focal plane ion array detectors. To arrive at a set of relevant design considerations, we first review the unique focusing properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer and then present calculations detailing how the dimensions and position of the focal plane array detector relative to the ion source determine the possible mass ranges and resolutions of a cycloidal mass analyzer. We present derivations and calculations used to determine the volume of homogeneous electric and magnetic fields needed to contain the ion trajectories and explore the relationship between electric and magnetic field homogeneity on resolving power using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. A set of equations relating the electric field homogeneity to the geometry of the electric sector electrodes was developed by fitting homogeneity values from 78 different FEA models. Finally, a sequence of steps is suggested for designing a cycloidal mass analyzer employing an array detector.
Dispersion of synonymous codon usage patterns in hepatitis E virus genomes derived from various hosts
Authors: Wang Xin , Sun Jing , Zheng Yueyan , Xie Fuqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important zoonotic pathogen infecting a wide range of host species. It has a positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA genome encoding three open reading frames (ORFs). Synonymous codon usages of viruses essentially determine their survival and adaptation to susceptible hosts. To better understand the interplay between the ever‐expanding host range and synonymous codon usages of HEV, we quantified the dispersion of synonymous codon usages of HEV genomes isolated from different hosts via Vs calculation and information entropy. HEV ORFs show species‐specific synonymous codon usage patterns. Ruminant‐derived HEV ORFs own the most synonymous codons with stable usage patterns (Vs value <0.1) which leads to the stable overall codon usage patterns (R value being close to zero). Swine‐derived HEV ORFs own more concentrated synonymous codons than those from wild boar. Compared with HEV strains isolated from other hosts, the human‐derived HEV exhibits a distinct pattern at the overall codon usage (R < 0). Generally, ORF1 contains more synonymous codons with stable usage patterns (Vs < 0.1) than those of ORFs 2 and 3. Moreover, ORF3 contains more synonymous codons with varied patterns (Vs > 1.0) than ORFs 1 and 2. The host factor serving as one of the evolutionary dynamics probably influences synonymous codon usage patterns of the HEV genome. Taken together, synonymous codons with stable usage patterns in ORF1 might help to sustain the infection, while that with varied usage patterns in ORF3 may facilitate cross‐species infection and expand the host range.
Surgery of resectable local recurrence following colorectal cancer: Compartmental surgery improves local control
Authors: Dumont Frédéric , Loaec Cécile , Wernert Romuald , Maurel Blandine , Thibaudeau Emilie , Vilcot Laurence 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to identify prognostic factors and define the best extent of surgery for optimizing treatment of local recurrence (LR) following colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsAn institutional database of consecutive patients who underwent radical resection (R0/R1) of LR following CRC was analyzed prospectively from 2010 to 2021 at one tertiary cancer center.ResultsIn this study, 75 patients were included with LR following CRC and analyzed. Patients were categorized as compartmental resections (CompRe) (n = 47) if all adjacent organs were systematically removed, with or without tumor involvement, or noncompartmental resections (NoCompRe) (n = 28) if only contiguously involved organs were resected. NoCompRe were mainly related to contact between major vessels or bone and the tumor, with only 8/19 (42.1%) resections.Five‐year overall survival and locoregional‐free survival were 37.5% and 38.8% respectively. Local control was better in the CompRe than the NocompRe group (61.4% vs. 11%; p < 0.01). CompRe (hazard ratio: 2.34 [1.16–4.68]; p = 0.017) and absence of peritoneal metastasis (3.05 [1.03–9.02]; p = 0.044) were the two factors associated with decreased abdominal recurrences in multivariate analysis.ConclusionComplete compartmental surgery is safe and improves local control. Optimal LR resection needs to remove all contiguous organs, with or without tumor involvement.
Cesarean Scar Pregnancies Treated by Uterine Artery Chemotherapy Embolization Combined With Ultrasound‐Guided Dilation and Curettage
Authors: Zheng Yi‐Jun , Chen Qing , Li Sheng , Yan Xiao‐Tong , Zhu Ting , He Zheng 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the effect of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) treatment by comparing uterine artery chemotherapy embolization (UACE) combined with dilation and curettage (D&C) with or without ultrasound guidance.MethodsCSP patients treated with UACE combined with D&C from January 2013 to December 2020 at Shuguang Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into groups A and B according to whether D&C was guided by ultrasound.ResultsForty‐eight patients with CSP diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound were included in this study, whose gestational age was <8 weeks. There were no significant differences in the basic clinical characteristics of the two groups. The success rates of the 2 groups were no significant difference, 100% (27/27) in group A and 85.7% (18/21) in group B. The maximal intraoperative blood loss of group A was 100 mL and that of group B was 150 mL. There was no uterine perforation during the operation. Ultrasound guidance can shorten the D&C operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding during D&C, and decrease the residual rate of trophoblastic tissue after D&C.ConclusionsUltrasound guidance can improve the safety and efficiency of UACE combined with D&C in the treatment of CSP and reduce its complications. We believe it is an optimal treatment for CSP patients who do not plan to have children in the future.
Anaplastic Transformation of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Alice C. , Han Albert Y. , Cronkite David Alex , Sajed Dipti , St. John Maie A. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive form of thyroid cancer. Increasingly, patients with ATC present with concurrent foci of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC); however, the significance of these pathologic findings remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of WDTC within anaplastic tumors is a prognosticator of survival.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all cases of biopsy‐proven ATC managed at a tertiary care academic medical center from 2002 to 2020 was performed. Mean age at diagnosis, median survival time, and locations of distant metastases were assessed. The impact of clinical markers such as presence of differentiation, demographic variables, and oncologic information on overall survival was also determined via univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsForty‐five patients were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.1 years. Median survival time was 6.1 months after diagnosis. The most common location of distant metastases was the lung (40%). The presence of limited areas of WDTC in patients with predominantly anaplastic thyroid tumors was not significantly associated with improved outcomes (p = 0.509). Smaller tumor size and use of chemotherapy in ATC patients were significantly associated with prolonged survival (p = 0.026 and 0.010, respectively).ConclusionsClinical outcomes for ATC remain poor. The presence of foci of differentiation within anaplastic thyroid tumors does not appear to improve overall survival—the anaplastic component evidently drives outcomes. Further studies into novel therapies are needed to improve survival in ATC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:437–442, 2023
Structurally‐engineered fatty acid 1024 (SEFA‐1024) improves diet‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease
Authors: Secor Jordon D. , Cho Bennet S. , Yu Lumeng J. , Pan Amy , Ko Victoria H. , Dao Duy T. , Feigh Michael , Anez‐Bustillos Lorenzo , Fell Gillian L. , Fraser David A. , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObesity is a global epidemic that drives morbidity and mortality through cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). No definitive therapy has been approved to improve glycemic control and treat NAFLD in obese patients. Here, we investigated a semi‐synthetic, long chain, structurally‐engineered fatty acid‐1024 (SEFA‐1024), as a treatment for obesity‐induced hyperglycemia, insulin‐resistance, and fatty liver disease in rodent models. A single dose of SEFA‐1024 was administered to evaluate glucose tolerance and active glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in lean rats in the presence and absence of a DPP‐4 inhibitor. The effects of SEFA‐1024 on weight loss and glycemic control were assessed in genetic (ob/ob) and environmental (high‐fat diet) murine models of obesity. Liver histology, serum liver enzymes, liver lipidomics, and hepatic gene expression were also assessed in the high‐fat diet murine model. SEFA‐1024 reversed obesity‐associated insulin resistance and improved glycemic control. SEFA‐1024 increased active GLP‐1. In a long‐term model of diet‐induced obesity, SEFA‐1024 reversed excessive weight gain, hepatic steatosis, elevated liver enzymes, hepatic lipotoxicity, and promoted fatty acid metabolism. SEFA‐1024 is an enterohepatic‐targeted, eicosapentaenoic acid derivative that reverses obesity‐induced dysregulated glucose metabolism and hepatic lipotoxicity in genetic and dietary rodent models of obesity. The mechanism by which SEFA‐1024 works may include increasing aGLP‐1, promoting fatty acid oxidation, and inhibiting hepatic triglyceride formation. SEFA‐1024 may serve as a potential treatment for obesity‐related diabetes and NAFLD.
Correlation between adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and glucose dysregulation is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome: A cohort of Han Chinese population from Yunnan plateau
Authors: Huang Juan , Chen Guo , Zhang Qiao , Wang Yanjiao , Meng Qiong , Xu Fang , Zhang Xuehui , Zou Wei , Mi Fei , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the correlation of plasma A‐FABP with glucose dysregulation under different body mass index (BMI) and metabolic states in a Han Chinese population from Yunnan plateau. We cross‐sectionally analyzed data from the China Multi Ethnic Cohort, Yunnan province. Participants were divided into two groups. Group A contained 297 obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Group B contained 326 age‐, sex‐, and region‐matched normal BMI subjects without MetS. Glucose dysregulation was defined as elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin). Circulating A‐FABP were assayed by ELISA method. Binary and multiple regression analyses were preformed to evaluate the correlation between A‐FABP and glucose dysregulation. Plasma A‐FABP level was significantly higher in group A compared with group B (p < 0.001). Plasma A‐FABP level correlated positively with elevated FPG in group A (r = 0.120, p = 0.039), but negatively with elevated FPG in group B (r = −0.115, p = 0.039). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that A‐FABP was an independent predictor for elevated FPG in group A (β, 0.028; 95% CI, 1.001–1.056; p < 0.05), but not in group B (β, −0.008; 95% CI, 0.882–1.117; p > 0.05). In this study, A‐FABP was an independent risk factor for glucose dysregulation in obese individuals with MetS living in the Yunnan plateau, but not for those without obesity and MetS.
HPLC and 32P‐radiolabeling method for quantification of microbial adenylate concentrations and turnover rates in seawater
Authors: Lanpher Kaycie B. , Popendorf Kimberly J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe optimized a high throughput method to quantify turnover rates of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in marine microbes from simultaneous measures of the respective stocks and phosphorylation rates. We combined a microbial adenylate extraction method using boiling 20 mM Tris buffer with purification and analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography optimized to quantify these intracellular adenylate concentrations in marine microbes. Additionally, we incorporated radiolabeled phosphate (32Pi) incubations to quantify phosphorus (P) uptake rates and the phosphorylation rates for these adenylate compounds in microbial cells. With this method, we can directly assess the variations in microbial growth rates, metabolic turnover rates, energy charge, and adenylate storage. We applied and validated this method application with environmental samples from Biscayne Bay, Florida, and quantified adenylate turnover times of 12, 15, and 73 min, for ATP, ADP, and AMP, respectively. Future incorporation of this method into experiments and geographic surveys across marine environments will allow for direct assessments of changes in microbial metabolic activity in relation to other ecological variables.
Physics‐Informed Neural Network for Nonlinear Dynamics in Fiber Optics
Authors: Jiang Xiaotian , Wang Danshi , Fan Qirui , Zhang Min , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA physics‐informed neural network (PINN) that combines deep learning with physics is studied to solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for learning nonlinear dynamics in fiber optics. A systematic investigation and comprehensive verification on PINN for multiple physical effects in optical fibers is carried out, including dispersion, self‐phase modulation, and higher‐order nonlinear effects. Moreover, both the special case (soliton propagation) and general case (multipulse propagation) are investigated and realized with PINN. In existing studies, PINN is mainly effective for a single scenario. To overcome this problem, the physical parameters (i.e., pulse peak power and amplitudes of subpulses) are hereby embedded as additional input parameter controllers, which allow PINN to learn the physical constraints of different scenarios and perform good generalizability. Furthermore, PINN exhibits better performance than the data‐driven neural network using much less data, and its computational complexity (in terms of number of multiplications) is much lower than that of the split‐step Fourier method. The results show that PINN is not only an effective partial differential equation solver, but also a prospective technique to advance the scientific computing and automatic modeling in fiber optics.
On‐Chip High‐Speed Coherent Optical Signal Detection Based on Photonic Spin‐Hall Effect
Authors: Lei Ting , Zhou Changyu , Wang Dawei , Xie Zhenwei , Cai Boyuan , Gao Shecheng , Xie Youpeng , Du Luping , Li Zhaohui , Zayats Anatoly V. , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of coherent optical signal processing in long‐distance optical communication systems has dramatically increased data capacity enabling encoding of multiple‐bit information in the phase of a light beam. Direct detection of phase information of a high‐speed modulated light remains challenging and requires an external, local oscillator for referencing, which is expensive for short‐reach optical communications, for example, in data centers. The availability of less‐complex integrated photonics devices for coherent signal detection will alleviate this bottleneck. On the other hand, phase information of coherent, orthogonally polarized light beams can be extracted from their polarization states, and it is, therefore, possible to achieve phase measurements via fast polarization detection. Here, an on‐chip nanodisk device is demonstrated for high‐speed coherent optical signal detection enabled by spin–orbit coupling in Si‐photonics circuitry. In a coherent communication experiment with up to 32 GBaud rate, the high‐speed phase‐shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation signals detected by a Si nanodisk based polarization measurements at multiple wavelengths in theC‐band are recovered with a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold. The proposed on‐chip nanodisk device shows promise in high‐speed coherent optical communication applications where phase detection is required at low cost and small footprint.
Single‐Shot Recognition of 3D Phase Images With Deep Learning
Authors: Fan Weiru , Chen Tianrun , Xu Xingqi , Chen Ziyang , Hu Huizhu , Zhang Delong , Wang Da‐Wei , Pu Jixiong , Zhu Shi‐Yao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical phase is a key information carrier in biomedical imaging and astronomical observation. However, it is often obscured by heterogeneous and scattering media, rendering optical phase imaging an utmost challenge. Limited by the memory effect or confinement, current methods have difficulties in retrieving phases at different depths. To address this challenge, a speckle three‐dimensional reconstruction network (STRN) is developed to solve the inverse problem of the scattering process. STRN is featured by stacked convolutional filters to distinguish the depth of each image from the spatially overlapped speckles. From single‐shot, reference‐free, and scanning‐free speckle patterns, STRN simultaneously extracts multiple phase objects at different depths with high fidelity. This new approach breaks the limitations of conventional approaches for phase reconstruction through scattering media and paves a novel avenue for optical communication and biological endoscopy applications.
Coaxial Micro Ring Arrays Fabricated on Self‐Assembled Microtube Cavities for Resonant Light Modulation
Authors: Saggau Christian N. , Valligatla Sreeramulu , Wang Xiaoyu , Dong Haiyun , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComposite optical microcavities, as a versatile platform for light manipulation, have been theoretically revealed that the configuration of concentrically coupled resonant trajectories can significantly enhance the coupling strength, which is however challenging in experimental preparation. Here coaxial whispering gallery resonator chains were designed and fabricated with optically coupled modes split apart by more than the free spectral range (FSR) of the cavity itself. Because such three dimensional (3D) coupled optical systems are extremely difficult to obtain with traditional processing techniques an approach is developed to release and roll‐up pre‐strained, nanostructured silicon nitride membranes into microtubular optical cavities. Parallel nano‐ridges modified on the patterned membranes form into coaxial micro ring arrays after the membrane rolls up into a microtubular structure. Energetic degeneracy, as a consequence of mode splitting exceeding the FSR, leads to interference between bonding and antibonding modes with different mode identities (mode number), resulting in novel light modulation in the form of hybrid super wave modes, which display a distinct hopping behavior resembling linear stretch modes of an oscillator chain.
The Enhancement of Photochromism and Luminescence Modulation Properties of Ferroelectric Ceramics via Chemical and Physical Strategies
Authors: Gong Jie , Du Peng , Li Weiping , Yuan Guoliang , Mao Xiaojian , Luo Laihui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhotochromic (PC) materials can be widely applied in light‐driven devices such as optical antifake labels, optical switches, information storage. Herein, Er3+ and Pr3+ co‐doped Na0.5+xBi2.5+xNb2O9 (x = −0.02, 0, 0.02) ferroelectric ceramics with excellent PC and luminescence modulation properties have been successfully prepared. Both chemical and physical strategies, namely excess Na+ and Bi3+ content during weighing of raw materials and an electric field poling, have been developed to enhance the PC and luminescence modulation. The largest reflectance difference ΔRef between fresh and irradiated ceramics reaches a high value of 36% at x = 0.02, which is much higher than the usually obtained value in inorganic oxide ferroelectrics. Additionally, this value increases to 39% after an electric field poling. Accordingly, the up‐conversion luminescence modulation ΔRt reaches a high value of 91.6%. The mechanisms of enhanced PC reaction and luminescence modulation via an electrical poling are discussed. Furthermore, a fast response time of around 1 s for PC reaction is achieved in this material. Utilizing this advantage, a hand‐rewritable display using the prepared ceramics has been achieved besides the applications in anti‐counterfeiting.