bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tannic Acid, as a Structural Moiety Coupled to a Protein Antigen,
Exhibiting a Molecular-structure Adjuvant Activity for Antibody
Specificity Enhancement
Authors: Molina-Ramírez Brenda , Cabral-Hipólito Nidia , Castillo-Maldonado Irais , Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy , Meza-Velázquez Rocío , Ramírez-Moreno Agustina , Flores-Loyola Erika , Ruíz-Flores Pablo , Cruz Jorge Haro-Santa , Espino-Silva Perla-Karina , Avalos-Soto Joaquín , Téllez-López Miguel-Ángel , Vertti Rubén Daniel Arellano Pérez , Rosales-González Manuel-Gerardo , Pedroza-Escobar David 
Published: September 2022

Background:
An antigen is a small foreign substance, such as a microorganism structural
protein, that may trigger an immune response once inside the body. Antigens are preferentially used
rather than completely attenuated microorganisms to develop safe vaccines. Unfortunately, not all
antigens are able to induce an immune response. Thus, new adjuvants to enhance the antigen’s ability to
stimulate immunity must be developed.

Objectives:
Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the molecular-structure adjuvant activity of tannic
acid (TA) coupled to a protein antigen in Balb/c mice.

Method:
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an antigen. The coupling of BSA and TA was
mediated by carbodiimide crosslinking, and verified by SDS-PAGE. Forty-two Balb/c mice were
divided into seven groups, including two controls without antigen, an antigen control, an adjuvant
control, and two treatment groups. An additional group was used for macrophages isolation. A 30-day
scheme was used to immunize the mice. The analysis of humoral immunity included immunoglobulin
quantification, isotyping and antigen-antibody precipitation. The analysis of cell-mediated immunity
included the quantification of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes’ proliferation
assay after treatment stimulation.

Results:
No differences were found in the antibodies’ concentration or isotypes induced with the
conjugate or the pure BSA. However, an immunogenicity improvement (p < 0.05) was observed
through the specific anti-BSA antibody titers in mice immunized with the conjugate. Besides,
macrophage activation (p < 0.05) was detected when stimulated with the treatments containing TA.

Conclusion:
Tannic acid exhibited macrophages’ activation properties. Moreover, when TA was
incorporated into the structure of a protein antigen, such as BSA, an antibody specificity enhancement
was observed. This was a consequence of antigen processing by activated antigen-presenting cells.
These results showed the use of tannic acid as a novel candidate for vaccine molecular-structure
adjuvant.
Chitinase from the Latex of Ficus benjamina L. Displays Antifungal
Activity by Inducing ROS Generation and Structural Damage to the
Fungal Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane
Authors: Mota Handerson R.O. , Oliveira Jose T.A. , Martins Thiago F. , Vasconcelos Ilka M. , Costa Helen P.S. , Neres Dhel P. , Silva Fredy D.A. , Souza Pedro F.N. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Chitinases are plant defense-related proteins with a high biotechnological
potential to be applied in agriculture.

Objectives:
This study aimed to purify a chitinase from the latex of Ficus benjamina.

Methods:
An antifungal class I chitinase, named FbLx-Chi-1, was purified from the latex of Ficus
benjamina after precipitation with 30-60% ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography on a chitin
column and antifungal potential assay against phytopathogenic fungi important to agriculture.

Results:
FbLx-Chi-1 has 30 kDa molecular mass, as estimated by SDS-PAGE and the optimal pH and
temperature for full chitinolytic activity were 5.5 and 60 ºC, respectively. FbLx-Chi-1 is a high pH-,
ion-tolerant and thermostable protein. Importantly, FbLx-Chi-1 hindered the growth of the
phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium pallidoroseum, and Fusarium
oxysporum. The action mode of FbLx-Chi-1 to hamper F. pallidoroseum growth seems to be
correlated with alterations in the morphology of the hyphal cell wall, increased plasma membrane
permeability, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the biotechnological potential of FbLx-Chi-1 to control
important phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture. In addition, FbLx-Chi-1 could be further explored to
be used in industrial processes such as the large-scale environmentally friendly enzymatic hydrolysis
of chitin to produce its monomer N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine, which is employed for bioethanol
production, in cosmetics, in medicine, and for other multiple applications.
The Role of High-density Lipoprotein in Oral and Dental Diseases
Authors: Sadeghalbanaei Leila , Shirban Farinaz , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the smallest and densest of the lipoproteins. Beyond its well-known cardiovascular protective function, it has other actions, including structural function, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-thrombotic effects, transport of bioactive molecules, and induction of signal transduction pathways. Further, there is a mutual connection between oral health and general health. Hence HDL could be a potentially crucial factor relating oral health to general health. As far as we know, no comprehensive study has been carried out to date, which has explored the association between HDL concentration and oral diseases including lichen plan, recurrent aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, implant osseointegration, oral cancer and precancerous conditions. Here in this review, we summarized the relationship between HDL and oral health, suggesting a significant association between HDL concentration and oral health.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Diabetes Mellitus Rats Complicated with Cardiomyopathy
through TGF-β1/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gui Liuming , Wang Fengxian , Hu Xiangka , Liu Xiaojuan , Yang He , Cai Zengxiaorui , Qi Mushuang , Dai Chunmei 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main component of rhubarb tannin, with antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer and antiviral activities. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a high blood sugar and
protein metabolism disorder syndrome, which is caused by absolute or relative factors, such as deficiency of
insulin and oxidative stress. Diabetes cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most frequent complications of DM.

Objective:
This study aims to explore whether EGCG can improve diabetic complication, myocardial fibrosis,
in diabetic rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) through the transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β1)/C-Jun N -terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway.

Methods:
50 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, including the control group, model group,
and EGCG drug groups (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Rats, except for the control group, were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (65 mg/kg) to induce the diabetic rats model. EGCG drug
groups were given distilled water according to the dose, while the control group and model group were given
the same volume of distilled water for 12 weeks. The levels of glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol
(CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum were detected by ELISA
of all rats. Myocardial function was observed by HE, Masson staining and Sirius red staining in DCM rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Collagen I (COL-I) and Collagen III (COL-III), and
detect the degree of myocardial fibrosis of DM rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of matrix
metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs), TGF-β1, JNK and p-JNK in
the myocardium.

Results:
Compared to the model group, the levels of GLU, TG, CHO, and LDL in serum were decreased while the
level of HDL in serum was increased in EGCG groups rats; cardiac index and left ventricular mass index were decreased while heart function was improved in EGCG groups rats; the expressions of the COL-I and COL-III were
decreased in EGCG groups, and the high dose group was the best; the expressions of TGF-β1, JNK, p-JNK, and
TIMP-1 were down-regulated, and the expression of MMP-9 was up-regulated in EGCG groups.

Conclusion:
The results demonstrated that EGCG could improve STZ-induced diabetic complication, i.e., myocardial fibrosis, in diabetic rats, and protect their heart through TGF-β1/JNK signaling pathway
Recent Advances in Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane Technology in Gas/Organic
Compounds Separations
Authors: Kaur Pawanpreet , Chopra Harish Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The development of the convenient separation processes is a major challenge being
examined by scientists and technologists due to its industrial applications. The supported liquid
membrane (SLM) technology has been widely employed to separate several species, like
permeable gas from binary gaseous mixtures, metal ions, and organic and biological compounds.
The main reason for the limited use of SLMs in the industry is their short life and less
stability due to the high volatility of traditional organic solvents. Room-temperature ionic
liquids (RTILs) are environmentally benign designer salts, exhibit negligible volatility, show
good thermal stability, and have remarkable solubility, thus, acting as an alternative solvent to
overcome the drawbacks of SLMs. Besides, the high viscosity of ionic liquids (ILs) offers
good capillary force, which prevents their flow into membrane pores even under high pressure.
Moreover, their tuned properties make them amenable compounds for their immobilization into membrane
pores to provide supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) with good mechanical strength. In literature (from
2007 to the present), a variety of SILMs have been designed, synthesized, and employed in the field of separation
science. This review is mainly focused on the applications of SILMs in the separation of more permeable gases
(CO2, O2, CO, H2, and C2H4) from binary gas mixtures as well as the separation of organic compounds (organic
acids, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, amines, reactants and products of transesterification reaction, nitrogen- and
sulfur-containing aromatic compounds) from distinct mixtures.
CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Therapies for Fighting Drug Resistance Mediated by Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Ghasemi Sorayya , Dashtaki Masoumeh Eliyasi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer-initiating cells found in most tumors and hematological cancers. CSCs are involved in cells progression, recurrence of tumors, and drug resistance. Current therapies have been focused on treating the mass of tumor cells and cannot eradicate the CSCs. CSCs drug-specific targeting is considered as an approach to precisely target these cells. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene-editing systems are making progress and showing promise in the cancer research field. One of the attractive applications of CRISPR/Cas9 as one approach of gene therapy is targeting the critical genes involved in drug resistance and maintenance of CSCs. The synergistic effects of gene editing as a novel gene therapy approach and traditional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy, can resolve drug resistance challenges and regression of the cancers. This review article considers different aspects of CRISPR/Cas9 ability in the study and targeting of CSCs with the intention to investigate their application in drug resistance.
miRNA-1260b Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Downregulating CCDC134
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Lei Wen , Zhang Fuqing , Huang Zhijian , Zhen Shijian , Jin Liangzi , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common type of cancer among women
worldwide. MiR-1260b has been widely demonstrated to participate in multiple crucial biological
functions of cancer tumorigenesis, but its functional effect and mechanism in human breast cancer
have not been fully understood.

Methods:
qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-1260b expression in 29 pairs of breast cancer tissues and
normal adjacent tissues. Besides, the expression level of miR-1260b in BRCA cells was also further validated
by qRT-PCR. miR-1260b played its role in the prognostic process by using Kaplan-Meier curves.
In addition, miR-1260b knockdown and target gene CCDC134 overexpression model was constructed in
cell line MDA-MB-231. Transwell migration and invasion assay was performed to analyze the effect of
miR-1260b and CCDC134 on the biological function of BRCA cells. TargetScan and miRNAWalk were
used to find possible target mRNAs. The relationship between CCDC134 and immune cell surface markers
was analyzed using TIMER and database and the XIANTAO platform. GSEA analysis was used to
identify possible CCDC134-associated molecular mechanisms and pathways.

Results:
In the present study, miR-1260b expression was significantly upregulated in human breast
cancer tissue and a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, while the secretory protein coiled-coil domain
containing 134 (CCDC134) exhibited lower mRNA expression. High expression of miR-1260b
was associated with poor overall survival among the patients by KM plot. Knockdown of miR-1260b
significantly suppressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion and yielded the opposite result. In
addition, overexpression of CCDC134 could inhibit breast cancer migration and invasion, and knockdown
yielded the opposite result. There were significant positive correlations of CCDC134 with CD25
(IL2RA), CD80 and CD86. GSEA showed that miR-1260b could function through the MAPK pathway
by downregulating CCDC134.

Conclusion:
Collectively, these results suggested that miR-1260b might be an oncogene of breast
cancer and might promote the migration and invasion of BRCA cells by down-regulating its target
gene CCDC134 and activating MAPK signaling pathway as well as inhibiting immune function and
causing immune escape in human breast cancer.
Simple Electric Device to Isolate Nucleic Acids from Whole Blood
Optimized for Point of Care Testing of Brain Damage
Authors: Han Hyung Soo , Bae Mi Jung , Lee Young Mi , Choi Ye Seul , Lee Eunmi , Le Minh Tan , Duc Nguyen Thi Hong , Lee Donghyeon , Cho Junghwan , Park Nora Jee-Young , Chong Gun Oh 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Detection or monitoring of brain damage is a clinically crucial issue. Nucleic
acids in the whole blood can be used as biomarkers for brain injury. Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) which is one of the most commonly used molecular diagnostic assays requires isolated nucleic
acids to initiate amplification. Currently used nucleic acid isolation procedures are complicated
and require laboratory equipments.

Objective:
In this study, we tried to develop a simple and convenient method to isolate nucleic acids
from the whole blood sample using a tiny battery-powered electric device. The quality of the isolated
nucleic acids should be suitable for PCR assay without extra preparation.

Methods:
A plastic device with separation chamber was designed and printed with a 3D printer.
Two platinum electrodes were placed on both sides and a battery was used to supply the electricity.
To choose the optimal nucleic acid isolation condition, diverse lysis buffers and separation buffers
were evaluated, and the duration and voltage of the electricity were tested. Western blot analysis and
PCR assay were used to determine the quality of the separated nucleic acids.

Results:
2ul of whole blood was applied to the cathode side of the separation chamber containing 78
ul of normal saline. When the electricity at 5 V was applied for 5 min, nucleic acids were separated
from segment 1 to 3 of the separation chamber. The concentration of nucleic acids peaked around
7~8 mm from cathode side. PCR assay using the separation buffer as the template was performed
successfully both in conventional and realtime PCR methods. The hemoglobin in the whole blood
did not show the inhibitory effect in our separation system and it may be due to structural modification
of hemoglobin during electric separation.

Conclusion:
Our simple electric device can separate nucleic acids from the whole blood sample by
applying electricity at 5 V for 5 min. The separation buffer solution taken from the device can be
used for PCR assay successfully.
BZW2, CDT1 and IVD Act As Biomarkers for Predicting Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Lv Lizhi , Jiang Zhelong , Wei Zhihong , Chen Jianwei , Yang Fang , Jiang Yi 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths
globally. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive investigation to screen and identify biomarkers
for predicting HCC.

Methods:
Firstly, the bioinformatics technique was applied to screen potential HCC-related genes, and
the relationships between BZW2, CDT1, IVD expression and survival rate and clinicopathological factors
were assessed. Afterward, qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to
validate the expression of BZW2, CDT1, and IVD in clinical resected cancer specimens. Furthermore,
in vitro assays, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation and scratch experiments were performed to detect
the effects of si-BZW2, si-CDT1 and oe-IVD in HCC cells. In vivo experiments, tumor volume
and weight were measured to assess the anti-tumor effect of si-BZW2, si-CDT1 and oe-IVD in HCCtumor-
bearing mice.

Results:
Bioinformatics analysis indicated that HCC patients with high expression of BZW2, CDT1
and low expression of IVD have a poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological factors. Similarly,
clinical sample analysis revealed that BZW2 and CDT1 expression were increased while IVD expression
was decreased in HCC tissues. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments found that si-BZW2, si-
CDT1 and oe-IVD promoted apoptosis and inhibited the colony formation and migration of HCC cells.
As expected, in vivo experiments demonstrated that si-BZW2, si-CDT1 and oe-IVD could inhibit tumor
growth.

Conclusion:
Increased BZW2, CDT1 levels, and decreased IVD levels could act as biomarkers for
predicting HCC. Furthermore, targeting BZW2, CDT1, and IVD may offer a new approach to treat
HCC.
Xanthones: A Class of Heterocyclic Compounds with Anticancer Potential
Authors: Gul Somia , Aslam Khadija , Pirzada Quratulain , Rauf Abdur , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Semwal Prabhakar , Bawazeer Sami , Al-Awthan Yahya Saleh , Bahattab Omar Salem , Al Duais Mohammed Ali , Thiruvengadam Muthu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:Xanthones (9H xanthen-9-one) are an important class of heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen and moiety of gamma-pirone, dense with a two-benzene ring structured, distributed widely in nature. Naturally occurring xanthones are found in micro-organisms and higher plants as secondary metabolites in fungi and lichens. Compounds of the family Calophyllaceae, Guttiferae and Gentianaceae are the most common natural source of xanthones. The structure of xanthones nucleus, coupled with its biogenetic source, imposes that the carbons are numbered according to the biosynthetic pact. The characteristics oxygenation pattern of xanthones earlier is mixed shikimate-acetate biogenesis. The major class of xanthones includes simple oxygenated, non-oxygenated, xanthonolignoids, bisxanthones, prenylated and related xanthones, as well as miscellaneous xanthones. Their great pharmacological importance and interesting scaffolds were highly encouraged by scientists to investigate either the synthesis design or natural products for cancer treatment. Because currently used antitumor drugs possess high toxicity and low selectivity, efficacious treatment may be compromised. This review is limited to the antitumor activity of xanthones and the chemistry of xanthone core, which may help provide fundamental knowledge to the medicinal chemist for new and advanced research in drug development.
Recent Advances in Chemical Composition and Transdermal Delivery
Systems for Topical Bio-actives in Skin Cancer
Authors: Rath Goutam , Halder Jitu , Mishra Ajit , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, is conventionally treated by surgery, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. For decades, surgical removal of malignant cancers has favored patients' therapeutic options. However, multiple aspects, such as the patient's comorbidities, the anatomical location of the lesion, and possible resistance to recurrent excisions, can influence the decision to conduct surgery. Therefore, topical and transdermal therapy may be a more appropriate option, allowing for higher therapeutic levels at the site of action and reducing toxicity than systemic therapy. The most commonly used topical agents for treating skin carcinoma are- 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, sonidegib, dacarbazine, etc. However, drug physicochemical characteristics and skin physiological barriers limit the anticancer potency of topical as well as transdermal drug delivery. In recent years, unquestionable signs of progress have been demonstrated to circumvent these challenges. In particular, significant studies have been made, including modification of bio-actives, permeability enhancers, incorporation of advanced nano and microcarriers, and physical enhancement devices. This critical review summarizes the advancement in the chemical composition of bioactives used in skin cancer, such as sinecatechins, BIL-010t, patidegib, gingerol, curcumin, remetinostat, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, etc. Furthermore, this review, specifically addresses the progress in transdermal delivery systems for melanoma and non-melanoma cancer therapy, emphasizing advances in physical and chemical penetration enhancement and nanocarrier-assisted transdermal systems.
Exploring Plausible Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease using
Multi-omics Approach, Machine Learning and Docking
Authors: Parvathy Dharshini S. Akila , Sneha Nela Pragathi , Yesudhas Dhanusha , Kulandaisamy A. , Rangaswamy Uday , Shanmugam Anusuya , Taguchi Y-H. , Gromiha M. Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The progressive deterioration of neurons leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and develop-ing a drug for this disorder is challenging. Substantial gene/transcriptome variability from multiple cell types leads to downstream pathophysiologic consequences that represent the heterogeneity of this disease. Identifying potential biomarkers for promising therapeutics is strenuous due to the fact that the transcriptome, epigenetic, or proteome changes detected in patients are not clear whether they are the cause or consequence of the disease, which eventually makes the drug discovery efforts intricate. The advancement in scRNA-sequencing technologies helps to identify cell type-specific biomarkers that may guide the selection of the pathways and related targets specific to different stages of the disease progression. This review is focussed on the analysis of multi-omics data from various perspectives (genomic and transcriptomic variants, and single-cell expression), which pro-vide insights to identify plausible molecular targets to combat this complex disease. Further, we briefly outlined the developments in machine learning techniques to prioritize the risk-associated genes, predict probable mutations and identify promising drug candidates from natural products.