bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET imaging of fructose metabolism in a rodent model of neuroinflammation with 6-[ 18F]fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose
Authors: Boyle Amanda J. , Murrell Emily , Tong Junchao , Schifani Christin , Narvaez Andrea , Wuest Melinda , West Frederick , Wuest Frank , Vasdev Neil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Fluorine-18 labeled 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose (6-[18F]FDF) was developed for PET imaging of fructose metabolism in breast cancer via the fructose-preferred facilitative hexose transporter, GLUT5. In the brain, GLUT5 is predominantly expressed on microglial cells that are activated in response to inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesize that 6-[18F]FDF will specifically image microglia following neuroinflammatory insult.Methods:6-[18F]FDF was evaluated in a neuroinflammation model induced by unilateral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the right striatum (50 µg/animal) in male and female rats. Comparison of 6-[18F]FDF and the glucose derivative [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), was performed by longitudinal dynamic PET imaging in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine the presence of activated microglia (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) in fixed brain tissues.Results:In LPS-injected rats, increased accumulation of radioactivity from 6-[18F]FDF was observed in the ipsilateral striatum compared to the contralateral side at 24-48 hr post-LPS injection, with plateaued uptake at 60-120 min significantly higher in the right (0.985 ± 0.047 SUV) vs. left (0.819 ± 0.033 SUV) striatum at 48 h (P= 0.002; n = 4M/3F). The ipsilateral-contralateral difference in striatal 6-[18F]FDF uptake expressed as binding potential peaked at 48 h (male: 0.25 ± 0.03; female: 0.11 ± 0.03) and was significantly decreased at later time points of one, two and four weeks; and was higher in male rats (P= 0.017). In contrast, increased [18F]FDG uptake was observed in the ipsilateral striatum compared to the contralateral striatum and was highest at one week post-LPS injection. Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry confirmed LPS-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the ipsilateral striatum.Conclusions:This proof-of-concept study revealed an early response of 6-[18F]FDF to neuroinflammatory stimuli in rat brain. 6-[18F]FDF represents a potential PET radiotracer for imaging microglial GLUT5 density in the brain with applications in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Interactive neuroinflammation pathways and transcriptomics-based identification of drugs and chemical compounds for schizophrenia
Authors: Koole Lisa , Martinez Pilar , Amelsvoort Therese , Evelo Chris T. , Ehrhart Friederike 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder affecting one percent of the worldwide population. Despite the progress in elucidating its aetiology, treatment strategies have not succeeded in alleviating the symptoms effectively. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathology of these disorders by altering neurodevelopmental processes and specifically affecting glutamatergic signalling and astrocytic functioning. Omics data analysis can facilitate the assessment of these mechanisms and help to identify new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to curate and publish interactive biological pathways involved in schizophrenia for the identification of novel pharmacological targets implementing pathway, gene ontology, and network enrichment analysis.
Methods
Neuroinflammatory pathways were created using PathVisio and published in WikiPathways. A transcriptomics dataset, originally created by Narla et al. was selected for data visualisation and analysis. Gene ontology terms and pathways were obtained for differentially expressed genes using g:Profiler and BiNGO. Transcriptomics data was visualised within the curated pathways. Cytoscape was used for network-based gene set and pathway enrichment analyses. Networks were extended with transcription factors, pathways, and drugs and then network hubs were determined based on degrees of connectivity.
Results
Glutamatergic, immune, and astrocytic signalling as well as extracellular matrix reorganisation were altered in schizophrenia while we did not find an effect on the complement system. The alterations might impair neural development and maintenance. Transcription factor networks revealed complex interactions between transcription factors, transporters, and inflammatory receptors. We also report pharmacological agents that target the glutamate receptor subunits, inflammatory mediators, and metabolic enzymes found.
Conclusion
New neuroinflammatory pathways incorporating the extracellular matrix, glutamatergic neurons, and astrocytes in the aetiology of schizophrenia were established. Transcriptomics based network analysis provided novel targets, including extra-synaptic glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters and extracellular matrix molecules that can be evaluated for therapeutic strategies.
Ultrasound-Promoted preparation and application of novel bifunctional core/shell Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PTS-APG as a robust catalyst in the expeditious synthesis of Hantzsch esters
Authors: Shakib Peyman , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Valiey Ehsan , Karami Shahriar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, D-(−)-α-phenylglycine (APG)-functionalized magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@PTS-APG) was designed and successfully prepared in order to implement the protocols of green chemistry for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline (PHQ) and 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives under ultrasonic radiation in EtOH. After preparing the nanocatalyst and confirming its structure by different spectroscopic methods or techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Its performance under ultrasonic radiation and various conditions were examined. The yield of target derivatives was controlled under various conditions and it was found that it reaches more than 80% in just 10 min, which indicates the high performance of the nanocatalyst along with the synergistic effect of ultrasonic radiation. The structure of the products was identified by melting point as well as FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic methods. The Fe3O4@SiO2@PTS-APG nanocatalyst is easily prepared from commercially available, lower toxicity and thermally stable precursors through a cost-effective, highly efficient and environmentally friendly procedure. The advantages of this method include simplicity of operation, reaction under mild conditions, use of environmental radiation sources, obtaining pure products with high efficiency in the shortest time without using a tedious path which is all in the shadow of green chemistry. Finally, a reasonable mechanism is proposed for the preparation of polyhydroquinoline (PHQ) and 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2@PTS-APG bifunctional magnetic nanocatalyst.
Identification of hydrogeochemical and stable isotopic groundwater processes in the Laayoune-Dakhla region (Southern Sahara, Morocco)
Authors: Mizeb Khalid , Ghalit Mohammad , Doubi Mostafa , Erramli Hamid , Kanti Mokhtar El 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The assessment of major elements and stable isotopes of groundwater in the Laayoune-Dakhla region was carried out in order to determine the various geochemical processes that contribute to the mineralization of these waters. A total of 30 groundwater samples were collected from wells in the Laayoune-Dakhla region (southern Sahara, Morocco). Using a hydrogeochemical assessment technique, this study will look at the general conditions of groundwater for drinking reasons. The statistical results of the major cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) of the major anions (Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−), show that the abundant cations and anions are of the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO3−, respectively. The EC value of the water in the study area ranges from 1290 to 6895 µS/cm with an average of 3341.53 µS/cm. The pH value of the water samples is between 6.88 and 7.75. The waters of the study area were determined to be hydrogeochemical facies Na-Cl (86.66%) and Ca-SO4 (13.33). Their chemistry seems to be mainly controlled by sulphate, calcium, chloride and sodium and is explained by the dissolution of the evaporative formations characteristic of the Saharan regions. Ionic reports show that rock weathering and mineral dissolution and evaporation control the chemical evolution of groundwater. In addition, a good correlation between calcium and sulphate suggests leaching of gypsum and anhydrite. The values of δ18O vary from − 6.96 to -8.93‰ while those of δ2H vary between − 51.5 and − 65.56‰. The presence of evaporation was confirmed by stable isotope levels (δ18O, δ2H). The variation in oxygene-18 levels can be interpreted in terms of the difference in altitude between the recharge altitudes.
Indentation of an elastic half-space by four moving punches
Authors: Saha Sandip , Das Apurba Narayan , Prasad V. Ramachandra , Beg Osman Anwar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The dynamic and static problems of finding stress component under four moving punches (a ≤ |X| ≤ b, c ≤ |X| ≤ d), located closely to each other over an elastic half-plane (Y = 0), are solved. Employing the Fourier integral transform, the problem is converted to a set of integral equations. Using Hilbert transform technique, the integral equations are solved to obtain the stress and the displacement components. Finally, exact expressions for the stress components under the punches and the normal displacement component in the regions outside the punches have been derived. Numerical results showing the variations in stress intensity factors (SIF) at the punch ends and absolute value of torque applied over the contact regions with different values of the parameters used in the problems have been presented in the form of graphs.
The Emergence of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the Most Massive Protocluster Core
Authors: Zheng XianZhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Distant protoclusters of galaxies, as the progenitors of massive galaxy clusters in the present day, are expected to host brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at their early formation stage. It remains unclear whether (some) BCGs were already in place with quenched star formation before the formation of a mature cluster core. Here we report the detection of a pair of massive quiescent galaxies likely in the process of merging at the centre of the spectrscopically confirmed, extremely massive protocluster BOSS1244 at a look-back time of 10.58 billion years. These galaxies, BOSS1244-QG1 (0.525 trillion solar mass) and BOSS1244-QG2 (0.132 trillion solar mass), were detected with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) grism slitless spectroscopic observations. These two quiescent galaxies are among the brightest member galaxies in BOSS1244 and reside at redshifts z=2.2451 and z=2.2413, with a half-light radius of 6.72±0.50 and 2.72±0.16 kiloparsec, respectively. BOSS1244-QG1 and BOSS1244-QG2 are separated by a projected distance of about 70 physical kiloparsecs, implying that we are likely to be witnessing them during the formation of a massive BCG, through a dry merger with size and mass simliar to the most massive BCGs in the local Universe. We thus infer that BCG formation may have taken place before the virialization of the cluster core, which is believed to illuminate and heat gas up within the protocluster core. Moreover, we find a strong density-star formation relation over a scale of 20 co-moving Mpc in BOSS1244, implying that the quenching of star formation in BCGs and their progenitors is likely governed by environment-related processes before the virialization.
Stationary distribution and probability density for a stochastic SEIR-type model of coronavirus(COVID-19) with asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Liu Qun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a stochastic SEIR-type model to describe the propagation mechanism of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the population. Firstly, we show that there exists a unique global positive solution of the stochastic system with any positive initial value. Then we adopt a stochastic Lyapunov function method to establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the stochastic model. Especially, under the same conditions as the existence of a stationary distribution, we obtain the specific form of the probability density around the quasi-endemic equilibrium of the stochastic system. Finally, numerical simulations are introduced to validate the theoretical findings. spectively. S(t) denotes the number of individuals who are susceptible to the disease, E(t) represents the number of exposed (in the latent period) individuals and R(t) represents the number of individuals who have been infected and then removed from the possibility of being infected again at time t, respectively. All parameters are strictly positive and their descriptions are given in Table 1.
Concept of terahertz waveguide plasmon amplifier based on a metal groove with active graphene
Authors: Morozov Mikhail Yu. , Popov Vyacheslav V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We propose a concept of terahertz waveguide plasmon amplifier based on a metal groove with active graphene. It is shown that the power amplification factor of the longitudinal-section magnetic (LSM) waveguide plasmon (normalized to its wavelength) near the cutoff frequency of this mode can exceed the amplification factor of the transverse magnetic (TM) plasmon in a layered graphene structure by more than four orders of magnitude for the same frequency. This is caused by the increase of the LSM plasmon wavelength near the cutoff frequency, smaller energy velocity of the LSM mode, and greater energy release from graphene for the LSM plasmon due to stronger lateral confinement of the LSM waveguide plasmon as compared to the TM plasmon in a layered graphene structure. We show that the enhancement of the LSM plasmon amplification factor near the cutoff frequency is a stronger effect than that due to screening of graphene.
XSMILES: interactive visualization for molecules, SMILES and XAI attribution scores
Authors: Heberle Henry , Zhao Linlin , Schmidt Sebastian , Wolf Thomas , Heinrich Julian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have shown increasing applicability in chemistry. In this context, visualization techniques can highlight regions of a molecule to reveal their influence over a predicted property. For this purpose, some XAI techniques calculate attribution scores associated with tokens of SMILES strings or with atoms of a molecule. While an association of a score with an atom can be directly visually represented on a molecule diagram, scores computed for SMILES non-atom tokens cannot. For instance, a substring [N+] contains 3 non-atom tokens, i.e., [, +, and ], and their attributions, depending on the model, are not necessarily revealing an influence of the nitrogen atom over the predicted property; for that reason, it is not possible to represent the scores on a molecule diagram. Moreover, SMILES’s notation is complex, foregrounding the need for techniques to facilitate the analysis of explanations associated with their tokens.
Results: We propose XSMILES, an interactive visualization technique, to explore explainable artificial intelligence attributions scores and support the interpretation of SMILES. Users can input any type of score attributed to atom and non-atom tokens and visualize them on top of a 2D molecule diagram coordinated with a bar chart that represents a SMILES string. We demonstrate how attributions calculated for SMILES strings can be evaluated and better interpreted through interactivity with two use cases.
Conclusions: Data scientists can use XSMILES to understand their models’ behavior and compare multiple modeling approaches. The tool provides a set of parameters to adapt the visualization to users’ needs and it can be integrated into different platforms. We believe XSMILES can support data scientists to develop, improve, and communicate their models by making it easier to identify patterns and compare attributions through interactive exploratory visualization.
Accountable Care Organization: Is it early approach in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Alharbi Abeer Mohammed , Nassar Ghaliah abdulaziz , Alerwi Mariam , Aljelban Amjad Saleh , alslaihim Ahmed , Alshehri Bander , Alenezi Anwar , Alsuwaidan Salem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Accountable Care organizations (ACOs) is trying to evolve all around the world moving towards and keeping cost effective at minimum, providing better quality of care and improving health outcomes in a patient-centered manner. Adopting technology to organized and coordinate care between health care network, primary health care and hospitals to facilitate care and management, monitoring, and reporting quality and cost data to track patient across health care providers by allowing access to patient electronic medical file, avoiding duplication of services and prevent medical errors.
Objectives and Aims:
The main objectives of this study is to find out the association of demographic data and the level of knowledge, attitude and confidence of the physicians in various age, gender, specialty, area of work and their clinical and administrative field experiences. This is to assess the ability to establish successful basement to build a new trend in healthcare system “Accountable Care Organizations” (ACOs) in Saudi Arabia.
Results
This is a prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 physicians with average age of 42.8 (±11 SD). Results showed the average score for knowledge of all respondents was 65.2 (out of 100) with (±15.7 SD). The overall average of the modes of the attitude was 6.8 out of 10; While the overall average of the modes for the confidence was 5.9 out of 10.
Conclusion:
This study was conducted to assess physician’s knowledge, attitude and confidence toward implementation of ACO in Saudi Arabia. The current study suggested that there was no significant difference between the level of knowledge toward ACOs between males and females and between the specialties (consultant, specialist, or resident).
Results showed that there was no significant difference in attitude between male and female neither there was significant difference between different specialties consultants, specialists and residents. Moreover, those physicians with administrative experience had better attitude towards ACO than those with clinical experience.
Male showed higher confidence compared with female. There were similarity in results with no significant changes between consultants, specialists and residents with predominantly average mode of what is considered as moderate confidence.
This study is confirming that Saudi Arabia is ready for the transformation and vision 2030 to adopt the ACO health care system with this knowledge, attitude and confidence of the Saudi physicians.
Analysing drivers of community vulnerability to flood hazards in Kasese Municipality, Uganda
Authors: Tibara Yayiru , Wasswa Hannington , Semakula Henry Musoke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Floods have become common characteristics of climate change in recent years. In the Western part of Uganda, Kasese Municipality, at least five major flash flood disasters have been experienced since 2013 and have left a trail of devastation and human deaths in their wake. Because communities' survival is at stake, it's critical to understand how disaster vulnerability is built. Many vulnerability drivers, on the other hand, are frequently hidden and distant from the triggering events. With the projected increase in extreme flooding due to climate change, the research study focused on analysing the drivers of community vulnerability to flood hazards in Kasese municipality. To analyse the drivers of vulnerability, key informants and focus group discussion were used. The major drivers of vulnerability to flood hazards in Kasese Municipality were high levels of poverty, lack of adequate land for settlement and farming, lack of adequate information on disaster risk management, and lack of early warning system. However, none of these factors, by themselves, make the community vulnerable. Instead, they are mutually inclusive, with each supporting the other(s). The findings of the study can help the government and decision-makers strengthen policy actions by strengthening flood disaster risk reduction mitigation measures and guaranteeing optimal resource use to reduce future vulnerabilities and consequences.
Effect of Sowing Pre-germinated Onion Seeds in Cold Soil on Time of Emergence, Maturity, and Yield1
Authors: Lipe William N. , Skinner John A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pre-germinated onion (Allium cepa L. cv. New Mexico White Grano) seeds, sown in Olton sandy loam soils at 1.7–7.3°C began to emerge after 7 days compared with 30 days for dry non-germinated seeds. Plant stands were established with pre-germinated seeds 12 days earlier than with non-germinated dry seeded onions. The earlier emergence and more rapid growth achieved by pre-germinated seedlings resulted in 10 to 12 days earlier maturity and a 37.5% increase in bulb diameter at harvest. Increased bulb diameter placed 58% of the yield in the 5.1–7.7 cm (2-3 inch) diameter grade compared to 29% for checks and yield of marketable onions was significantly improved.
Elemental Content of Frozen Snap Bean Fruit1
Authors: Mills Harry A. , Benton Jones J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The establishment of an average elemental composition for snap bean to satisfy nutritional labelling requirements is probably not possible. Analysis for the elemental content of 40 frozen snap bean samples collected at 8 locations in the United States revealed a wide range in concentration for the 18 elements determined. Several causes for this wide variation are suggested.
Chrysanthemum Cultivars Differ in Foliar Leafminer Damage1
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty eight cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. varied widely in foliar damage by the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. The total number of leafmines per 5 stems range from 1.3 for ‘Nob Hill’ to 15.5 for ‘Deep Valiant.’ In general, the standardtype cultivars had less leafminer damage than the spray-types. ‘Iceberg,’ a spray-type cultivar commonly grown in Florida, was more damaged than 11 spray and 9 standard cultivars. Foliage of ‘Bright Yellow Tuneful,’ ‘Divinity,’ ‘Pink Marble,’ ‘Nob Hill,’ ‘Albatross,’ ‘Sea Foam,’ and ‘Colonel Comfort’ had less damage in 2 experiments than foliage of ‘Iceberg.’
Ashs' First Meeting
Authors: Blackwell Cecil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The photo on the front cover was made during the First Annual Meeting of the “Society for Horticultural Science” in St. Louis, Missouri, December 28-29, 1903 (“American” was not added to the name of the Society until 1916). The group was photographed during a visit to the Missouri Botanic Garden, and does not include all those who attended the meetings. The photo was sent in September 1968, by Harvey O. Werner, Emeritus Professor of Horticulture at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln (a member since 1928, and a Fellow since 1965).
Horticulture's Ancient Roots
Authors: Janick Jules 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Our celebration of the 75th anniversary of the American Society for Horticultural Science is an appropriate time to reflect on the past three-quarters of a century, review our record, and hopefully to revel in our accomplishments. As George Santayana has stated, “Those who can't remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Still it is reasonable to ask ourselves if our profession — Horticultural Science — is really only 75 years old? I think not. It is surely much older. My thesis is that horticulture takes us back to the beginning of man's rendevous with civilization.