bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulated expression of FFAR2 and SOC3 genes is associated with gout
Authors: Orji Oliver C , López-Domínguez Maria B , Sandoval-Plata Gabriela , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Valdes Ana M , Doherty Michael , Morgan Kevin , Abhishek Abhishek 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine the expression of Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) and Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) genes in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia (AH), AH with MSU crystal deposition, inter-critical gout and gout flare.

Methods
Study participants (n = 120) comprised 34 people with serum urate (SU) &lt;360 μmol/l, 69 with AH ± MSU crystal deposition and 17 with a gout flare. Sixteen of the 17 patients with a gout flare attended a second visit 6–12 weeks later. Gene expression levels were assessed using RT-qPCR and results computed as fold changes (FC) after normalization to the reference gene.

Results
FFAR2 was significantly upregulated during gout flares (FC = 2.9) compared with normal SU, AH, and AH + MSU crystal deposition (FC = 1.1, P &lt; 0.0001 for each comparison). FFAR2 was also significantly upregulated during inter-critical gout (FC = 1.8) compared with normal SU, AH and AH + MSU (FC = 1.1, P &lt; 0.001 for each comparison). SOCS3 was significantly upregulated during gout flares (FC = 3.4) compared with normal SU, AH, and AH + MSU crystal deposition (FC = 1.1, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001 for each comparison). SOCS3 was also upregulated during inter-critical gout (FC = 2.1) compared with normal SU (P = 0.02) and AH (P = 0.006) (FC = 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). FFAR2 expression was upregulated during gout flare compared with inter-critical gout and SOCS3 expression showed negative correlation with flare duration (r = –0.49, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
FFAR2 upregulation is associated with gout and may trigger gout flares. SOCS3 may have a role in amelioration of gout flares.
Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin on performance of beef replacement heifers and beef cows
Authors: Gadberry Shane , Beck Paul , Moore Mikayla , White Frank , Linneen Sara , Lalman David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although performance benefits of monensin have been extensively studied in finishing cattle, growing cattle, and dairy cows, considerably less published work is available evaluating response to monensin supplementation in cow-calf production systems. This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of beef cows and developing replacement heifers. The replacement heifer analysis was conducted using data from 18 different peer-reviewed publications and experiment station reports. The mature cow analysis included 21 different publications and experiment station reports. The metaphor package (version 2.4-0; Viechtbauer, 2010) for R (version 4.0.3; www.r-project.org) was used to determine the overall effect size of monensin compared to a negative control. Each study’s n, means, and SEM or P value was used to calculate the mean difference and estimate of within study variance for responses of interest. In replacement heifers, monensin treatment increased (P &lt; 0.01); average daily gain (+0.03 ± 0.008 kg/d), feed efficiency (+0.013 ± 0.008 gain:feed), and percentage cycling before the breeding season (+15.9 ± 5.13%); while decreasing (P &lt; 0.01): dry matter intake (0.293 ± 0.081 kg), and age at puberty (-8.9 ± 1.48 d). Six studies reporting ad libitum forage intake for mature cows showed decreased (P = 0.008) DMI by 0.85 ± 0.32 kg/d. Six studies reported milk yield and revealed an increase (P = 0.01) of 0.39 ± 0.15 kg/d when cows were supplemented with monensin. Monensin supplementation resulted in a reduction (P = 0.02) in days to first estrus by 18 ± 8.2 d and percentage of cows exhibiting estrus prior to the breeding season was increased by 19 ± 8% (P = 0.03). There were no differences in artificial insemination pregnancy nor total pregnancy for either the heifer or mature cow data sets. This analysis indicates potential for use of monensin in heifer development and beef cow production systems. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects on reproductive efficiency, DMI, milk production, weight, and body composition change.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid in Hip Fracture Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Agius Christabel , Cole Elaine , Mifsud Mary Grace , Vasireddy Aswinkumar 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To analyze the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood transfusion requirements in adult patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Secondary aim was to evaluate the safety by assessing thromboembolic events.

Data Sources:
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English from 2010.

Study Selection:
Studies eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials that analyzed the use of intravenous TXA on blood transfusion requirement in hip fracture surgery.

Data Extraction:
Titles and abstracts were screened and assessed for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2).

Data Synthesis:
Meta-analysis with random and fixed effect models was performed. Risk ratio (RR) was calculated for dichotomous outcomes and estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). For continuous data, the risk difference (RD) was estimated with a 95% CI.

Results:
A total of 13 trials involving 1194 patients were included. Pooled results showed that patients in the TXA group had significantly lower transfusion requirements (RR 0.50, 95%CI 0.30–0.84, P = 0.009). Similar findings were observed in the subcohort of patients with transfusion threshold of Hb < 8g/dL, (RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.31–0.56, P < 0.0001). This risk reduction was not observed in the subcohort of patients with transfusion threshold of Hb 8.1–10g/dL who received TXA (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.51–1.18, P = 0.23) and no statistically significant differences were found for total thromboembolic events (RR 0.01, 95%CI -0.02–0.04, P = 0.47).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous TXA reduced blood transfusion rates and did not increase the risk of thromboembolic events.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
New wrinkles in hypertension management 2022
Authors: Carey Robert M. , Whelton Paul K. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
High blood pressure (BP) is the world's leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. This review highlights findings during the past 18 months that apply to the management of high BP in adults in the context of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (AHA) BP guideline.

Recent findings
A comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical trials that employed a novel statistical method identified a substantially linear relationship between dietary sodium intake and BP, strongly supporting the AHA daily dietary sodium intake recommendation of less than 1500 mg/day but suggesting that any reduction in sodium intake is likely to be beneficial. Among adults with hypertension, use of a salt substitute (containing reduced sodium and enhanced potassium) led to striking reductions in CVD outcomes. Young adults with stage 1 hypertension and a low 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk score should be started on a 6-month course of vigorous lifestyle modification; if their BP treatment goal is not achieved, a first-line antihypertensive agent should be added to the lifestyle modification intervention. In patients with stage 4 renal disease, the thiazide-like diuretic chlorthalidone (as add-on therapy) lowered BP markedly compared with placebo. Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) represent a new class of MRA that has been shown to lower BP and provide significant CVD protection. In Chinese adults aged 60–80 years at baseline, intensive BP control with a SBP target of 110–129 compared with 130–149 mmHg reduced CVD events with minimal side effects.

Summary
Recent findings have advanced our knowledge of hypertension management, clarifying, amplifying and supporting the 2017 ACC/AHA BP guideline recommendations.
Work Ability and Analysis of Stress-Relevant Coping With Demands of Teachers—A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study in Germany and Ukraine
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Hoffmann Tatjana , Zavgorodnii Igor , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify strain factors and compare work ability and stress-relevant coping with demands for German and Ukrainian teachers.

Methods
Data from 147 German and 291 Ukraine teachers were examined. A professional history questionnaire, the Work Ability Index, and a questionnaire for the analysis of stress-relevant coping with demands (inability to recover subscale) were used. The differences among the age groups in the two countries were evaluated.

Results
German teachers reported more demands than Ukrainian teachers did. The Work Ability Index score indicates a moderate level of work ability for both groups of teachers. German teachers are more unable to recover than Ukrainian teachers are (P < 0.001), and older German teachers are significantly less able to recover than their Ukrainian counterparts are.

Conclusions
Health intervention and promotion are necessary, especially for older teachers.
Occupational Balance and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ramos Romualdo , Röschel Anna , Crevenna Richard , Jordakieva Galateja , Andrews Margaret Renn , Dür Mona , Stamm Tanja 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among daily activities (paid work, childcare, caregiving, voluntary work, sports, and social contact), occupational balance, and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (four time points, 6-month period) using regression models with logarithmically transformed data and nonparametric repeated-measures tests (N = 871).

Results
Results showed higher depressive symptoms among women. Family caregivers (either parents or those caring for other relatives) were at the highest risk for occupational imbalance and depressive symptoms. Sports and social contact were initially associated with better outcomes, but the effects waned. There was a main effect for time point driven by the last wave (amidst the second lockdown), but no significant interaction effects between predictors and time point were found.

Conclusion
The results provide a nuanced depiction of the relationship between different daily activities and health-related outcomes during the pandemic, highlighting groups at risk.
Exploring the Health Impacts and Inequalities of the New Way of Working
Authors: Griffiths Melda Lois , Gray Benjamin J. , Kyle Richard G. , Song Jiao , Davies Alisha R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to provide insights into the working Welsh adult population’s perceptions of the health impacts of working from home (WFH), their ability to WFH, and their WFH preferences.

Methods
Data were collected from 615 working adults in Wales between November 2020 and January 2021 in a household survey.

Results
More than 45% of those able to WFH reported worsened mental well-being and loneliness. Working from home worsened the diets, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use of those in poorer health. Approximately 50% were able to WFH, although individuals living in more deprived areas, in atypical employment or with precarious income, were less able to WFH. Nearly 60% wanted to WFH to some capacity.

Conclusions
The new way of working introduces new challenges to preserving workforce mental well-being, regulating health behaviors, and tackling inequalities. Hybrid models and targeted health support could make WFH healthier and more equitable.
Master's Prepared Clinical Nurse Leaders
Authors: Drake Emily E. , DeGennaro Gina , Kuhn Dillon 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Because the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) role is relatively new, little is known about the success of CNL graduates. Our aim was to describe the career path of CNL graduates and to measure satisfaction 2 to 10 years after graduation.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess career trajectory and self-reported satisfaction with work, life, and educational preparation in a sample of 109 CNL graduates from one university. Online data collection was used, resulting in participants from across the United States.

Results:
Respondents were primarily Direct Entry CNL graduates. The majority (95%) were still working full- or part-time in nursing. Most (over 90%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied with their decision to become a nurse. Life satisfaction was high: the Satisfaction with Life Scale mean score was 24.9 (SD = 5.67).

Conclusion:
These results help describe CNL career trajectories and provide useful suggestions for education and practice. This information can help build the business case for the CNL.
The Value of Intratumoral and Extratumoral Microvessel Density for the Tumor-dominated Area in the Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Kilinç Emine , Bahar Abdulkadir Yasir 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Microvessel density (MVD) measuring angiogenesis can influence clinicopathologic variables in endometrial carcinoma (EC). MVD is usually assessed in the densest vascular area the tumor, but the distinction between intratumoral and extratumoral MVD is not reported, and tumor-dominated area is not examined for MVD in the EC in the literature.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 151 cases with EC, which had hysterectomy from 2005 to 2020, were included. All histopathologic parameters were re-evaluated blindly. MVD was counted in the intratumoral (densest tumoral and vascular area) and extratumoral (periphery of the tumor, tumor invasion tip, densest tumoral, and vascular area) areas using immunohistochemical CD31 expression.

Results:
Large tumor size, deep myometrial invasion, high grade, nonendometrioid tumor type, cervix invasion, lymph node metastasis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, stage III to IV, substantial lymphovascular invasion, and overall survival had significant relations with intratumoral and extratumoral MVD (P<0.05). Age and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation showed marginal significance for extratumoral MVD. Extratumoral and intratumoral MVD had high (near-perfect) agreement (κ=0.870, P=0.001). Cervix invasion, stage III to IV, high grade, intratumoral, and extratumoral MVD were correlated with lower overall survival in the multivariate analyses.

Conclusion:
High MVD had an impact on the behavior and prognosis of EC and may be a potential indicator for antiangiogenic treatments for aggressive tumors. Although intratumoral and extratumoral MVD in the tumor-dominated area have mostly similar effects in our study, this situation can be cleared more by further investigations.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV/antiretroviral drug perinatally exposed uninfected children aged 3–6 years
Authors: Fowler Mary Glenn , Hanrahan Colleen , Yende Nonhlanhla , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Chipato Tsungai , Maliwichi Limbika , Gadama Luis , Aizire Jim , Dadabhai Sufia , Chinula Lameck , Wambuzi-Owang Lillian , Owor Maxensia , Violari Avy , Nyati Mandisa , Hanley Sherika , Govender Vani , Brummel Sean , Taha Taha 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Given the roll out of maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention-of-perinatal-HIV-transmission, increasing numbers of children are perinatally HIV/antiretroviral exposed but uninfected (CAHEU). Some studies suggest CAHEU may be at increased risk for neurodevelopmental (ND) deficits. We aimed to assess ND performance among preschool CAHEU.

Design:
This cross-sectional study assessed ND outcomes among 3–6-year-old CAHEU at entry into a multicountry cohort study.

Methods:
We used the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II) to assess ND status among 3–6-year-old CAHEU at entry into the PROMISE Ongoing Treatment Evaluation (PROMOTE) study conducted in Uganda, Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Statistical analyses (Stata 16.1) was used to generate group means for ND composite scores and subscale scores, compared to standardized test score means. We used multivariable analysis to adjust for known developmental risk factors including maternal clinical/socioeconomic variables, child sex, growth-for-age measurements, and country.

Results:
1647 children aged 3–6 years had baseline ND testing in PROMOTE; group-mean unadjusted Cognitive Composite scores on the MSEL were 85.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 18.2) and KABC-II were 79.5 (SD: 13.2). Composite score group-mean differences were noted by country, with South African and Zimbabwean children having higher scores. In KABC-II multivariable analyses, maternal age >40 years, lower education, male sex, and stunting were associated with lower composite scores.

Conclusions:
Among a large cohort of 3–6 year old CAHEU from eastern/southern Africa, group-mean composite ND scores averaged within the low-normal range; with differences noted by country, maternal clinical and socioeconomic factors.
Transaminitis prevalence among HIV-infected adults eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy
Authors: Chaisson Lelia H. , Semitala Fred C. , Mwebe Sandra , Katende Jane , Asege Lucy , Nakaye Martha , Andama Alfred O. , Atuhumuza Elly , Kamya Moses , Cattamanchi Adithya , Yoon Christina 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of severe transaminitis precluding tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) initiation for people with HIV (PWH) in a high TB/HIV burden setting.

Design/methods:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of PWH with pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) CD4+ counts 350 cells/μl or less undergoing systematic TB screening from two HIV clinics in Uganda. For this analysis, we excluded patients with culture-confirmed TB and patients without aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine transaminase (ALT) levels measured within three months of enrollment. We compared the proportion of patients with any transaminitis (AST or ALT greater than one times the upper limit of normal ULN) and severe transaminitis (AST or ALT >3 times ULN) for patients screening negative for TB by symptoms and for those screening negative by C-reactive protein (CRP). We also assessed the proportion of patients with transaminitis by self-reported alcohol consumption.

Results:
Among 313 participants [158 (50%) women, median age 34 years (IQR 27–40)], 75 (24%) had any transaminitis and six (2%) had severe transaminitis. Of 32 of 313 (10%) who screened negative for TB by symptoms, none had severe transaminitis. In contrast, six-times more PWH screened negative for TB by CRP (194 of 313; 62%), of whom only four (2.1%) had severe transaminitis. Differences in the proportion with any and severe transaminitis according to alcohol consumption were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of severe transaminitis was low among PWH without culture-confirmed TB in this setting, and is therefore, unlikely to be a major barrier to scaling-up TPT.
Improvement of liver metabolic activity in people with advanced HIV after antiretroviral therapy initiation
Authors: Patel Reema , Manion Maura M. , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Wakim Paul , Wang Zeping , Anderson Megan , Galindo Frances , Rupert Adam , Lisco Andrea , Heller Theo , Sereti Irini , Hammoud Dima A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Evaluating hepatic metabolic changes in people with HIV (PWH) with advanced disease, before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-computed tomography (PET/CT). FDG PET/CT noninvasively quantifies glucose metabolism in organs.

Design/methods:
Forty-eight viremic PWH (CD4+ cell counts <100 cells/μl) underwent FDG PET/CT at baseline and approximately 6 weeks after ART initiation (short-term). Twenty-seven PWH participants underwent follow-up scans 2 years after treatment (long-term). FDG PET/CT scans from 20 healthy controls were used for comparison. Liver FDG uptake was quantified from the PET/CT scans. Imaging findings as well as clinical, laboratory, and immune markers were compared longitudinally and cross-sectionally to healthy controls.

Results:
Liver FDG uptake was lower at baseline and short-term in PWH compared with controls (P < 0.0001). At the long-term scan, liver FDG uptake of PWH increased relative to baseline and short-term (P = 0.0083 and 0.0052) but remained lower than controls’ values (P = 0.004). Changes in FDG uptake correlated negatively with levels of glucagon, myeloperoxidase, sCD14, and MCP-1 and positively with markers of recovery (BMI, albumin, and CD4+ cell counts) (P < 0.01). In multivariable analyses of PWH values across timepoints, BMI and glucagon were the best set of predictors for liver FDG uptake (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Using FDG PET/CT, we found decreased liver glucose metabolism in PWH that could reflect hepatocytes/lymphocytes/myeloid cell loss and metabolic dysfunction because of inflammation. Although long-term ART seems to reverse many hepatic abnormalities, residual liver injury may still exist within 2 years of treatment initiation, especially in PWH who present with low nadir CD4+ cell counts.
Tailored acoustic metamaterials. Part II. Extremely thick-walled Helmholtz resonator arrays
Authors: Smith Michael J. A. , Abrahams I. David 
Published: June 2022

We present a solution method which combines the technique of matched asymptotic expansions with the method of multipole expansions to determine the band structure of cylindrical Helmholtz resonator arrays in two dimensions. The resonator geometry is considered in the limit as the wall thickness becomes very large compared with the aperture width (theextremely thick-walledlimit). In this regime, the existing treatment in Part I (Smith & Abrahams, 2022 Tailored acoustic metamaterials. Part I. Thin- and thick-walled Helmholtz resonator arrays), with updated parameters, is found to return spurious spectral behaviour. We derive a regularized system which overcomes this issue and also derive compact asymptotic descriptions for the low-frequency dispersion equation in this setting. We find that the matched-asymptotic system is able to recover the first few bands over the entire Brillouin zone with ease, when suitably truncated. A homogenization treatment is outlined for describing the effective bulk modulus and effective density tensor of the resonator array for all wall thicknesses. We demonstrate thatextremely thick-walledresonators are able to achieve exceptionally low Helmholtz resonant frequencies, and present closed-form expressions for determining these explicitly. We anticipate that the analytical expressions and the formulation outlined here may prove useful in designing metamaterials for industrial and other applications.