bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrate in groundwater and agricultural products: intake and risk assessment in northeastern Iran
Authors: Zendehbad Mohammad , Mostaghelchi Majid , Mojganfar Mohsen , Cepuder Peter , Loiskandl Willibald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe suitability of groundwater and agricultural products for human consumption requires determining levels and assessing the health risks associated with potential pollutants. Here, particularly pollution with nitrate still remains a challenge, especially for those urban areas suffering from insufficient sewage collection systems, resulting in contaminating soil, endangering food safety, and deteriorating drinking water quality. In the present study, nitrate concentrations in the commonly consumed fruit and vegetable species were determined, and the results, together with the groundwater nitrate levels, were used to assess the associated health risks for Mashhad city residents. For this assessment, 261 water samples and 16 produce types were used to compute the daily intake of nitrate. Nitrate in groundwater was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and produce species were examined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was applied for categorizing produce samples with regard to their nitrate content. Additionally, to account for the sanitation hazards associated with groundwater quality for drinking purposes, total coliform and turbidity were also assessed using the membrane filter (MF) technique and a nephelometer, respectively. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the prescribed permissible limits in 42% of the groundwater wells. The outcomes also exhibit significantly higher nitrate accumulation levels in root-tuber vegetables and leafy vegetables compared to fruit vegetables and fruits. Using cluster analysis, the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables and fruits was categorized into four clusters, specifying that radish contributes to 65.8% of the total content of nitrate in all samples. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of nitrate and Health Risk Index (HRI) associated with consumption of groundwater exceeded the prescribed limit for the children’s target group in Mashhad’s south and central parts. Likewise, EDI and HRI values for produce consumption, in most samples, were found to be in the tolerable range, except for radish, lettuce, and cabbage, potentially posing risks for both children and adult consumers. The total coliforms in groundwater were found to violate the prescribed limit at 78.93% of the sampling locations and were generally much higher over the city’s central and southern areas. A relatively strong correlation (R2 = 0.6307) between total coliform and nitrate concentrations suggests the release of anthropogenic pollution (i.e., sewage and manure) in the central and southern Mashhad.
Intersections of class, lifestyle and politics. New observations from Norway
Authors: Flemmen Magne Paalgard , Jarness Vegard , Rosenlund Lennart 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough social class was once central to political sociology, it has become increasingly less so; many analysts now believe that one’s class position is less important in determining political attitudes and political party preferences. Simultaneously, more attention has been paid to what might be called the culturalization of politics, as epitomized by the US culture wars and stereotypes like the “latte-drinking liberal.” Here, political attitudes are regarded as primarily structured by people’s lifestyles and broader way of life. But do political preferences have to be explained by either relations of sociomaterial conditions (e.g. class) or cultural orientations (e.g. status and lifestyles)? In this article, we argue in favor of an approach that aims to reconcile these factors, allowing for the empirical mapping of whether and how they intersect in shaping political party preferences. We investigate this by using detailed Norwegian survey data to measure the extent to which intraclass heterogeneity in political party choices can be accounted for by the interaction between class and lifestyle. We employ a novel combination of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID). In drawing on constructed models of the social space and the space of lifestyles, we show that there are important correspondences between these spaces and that their interaction may help account for party choices. The results highlight the need for a more complex account than that suggested in recent works of cultural stratification research.
High-Precision Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing Based on CNTs/CuO Nanocomposite
Authors: Geetha Mithra , Maurya Muni Raj , Al-maadeed Somaya , Muthalif Asan Abdul , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe measurement of blood glucose levels is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic approaches using electrochemical biosensors are used to measure serum or plasma glucose accurately. Current research aims to develop and improve noninvasive methods of detecting glucose in sweat that are accurate, sensitive, and stable. The carbon nanotube (CNT)-copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite (NC) improved direct electron transport to the electrode surface in this study. The complex precipitation method was used to make this NC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the crystal structure and morphology of the prepared catalyst. Using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, the electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst was evaluated. The electrocatalytic activity in artificial sweat solution was examined at various scan rates and at various glucose concentrations. The detection limit of the CNT-CuO NC catalyst was 3.90 µM, with a sensitivity of 15.3 mA cm−2 µM−1in a linear range of 5–100 µM. Furthermore, this NC demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for various bio-compounds found in sweat, with no interfering cross-reactions from these species. The CNT-CuO NC, as produced, has good sensitivity, rapid reaction time (2 s), and stability, indicating its potential for glucose sensing.Graphical Abstract
Work organization as a barrier to crop–livestock integration practices: a case study in Guadeloupe
Authors: Fanchone Audrey , Alexandre Gisèle , Hostiou Nathalie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrop–livestock integration exploits the synergies between cropping and livestock systems, mainly by using animal excreta as an organic crop fertilizer or using crop products as animal feed. From an environmental and economic point of view, crop–livestock integration is thought to increase system autonomy and resilience. However, little research has addressed its social impact and particularly the relationship between crop-livestock integration and work organization although, like most agroecological practices, crop-livestock integration was considered time- and labor-intensive. Here we used quantitative indicators based on the “Qualification and Evaluation of Work” method coupled with qualitative interviews with farmers to understand how implementation of crop–livestock integration practices is affected by work characteristics (perception, organization, duration, and arduousness). This framework was implemented on 14 farms selected from a typology of mixed crop–livestock systems in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), where high labor costs heighten the tension between work organization and agroecological practices. Our results show that three patterns of crop–livestock integration shaped work organization: family farms with strong crop–livestock integration (Pattern 1, n=6 farms), farms with moderate crop–livestock integration (Pattern 2, n=5 farms), and intensive productivity-driven farms (Pattern 3, n=3 farms). We also show for the first time that farmer perceptions of work, especially with animals, influences level of implementation of crop–livestock integration practices. In Pattern 1, work with livestock is done by the farmers themselves or by skilled and trusted persons from their inner circle. In Pattern 3, livestock was considered a source of on-farm income, and work with livestock, including crop–livestock integration practices, is readily delegated to employees or volunteers. Whatever the pattern, the time burden of collecting crop-products and excreta was cited as a primary barrier to further implementation. Actionable opportunities for further implementation of these patterns of crop–livestock integration practices are discussed.
Managing Multiple Business Models: The Role Of Interdependencies
Authors: Harren Hendrik , zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Dodo , Markides Constantinos C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow can a firm manage multiple and interdependent business models in the same industry? The literature has identified several possible strategies to do this but we still do not know under what circumstances one strategy may be better than others. Our paper identifies (substitute and complementary) interdependencies among business models as a key contingency and demonstrates through simulation modelling that the number, type and magnitude of these interdependencies, as well as their visibility and the pre-specification of strategic choices, determine which organizational structure is optimal in managing multiple business models.
Multi-task learning in under-resourced Dravidian languages
Authors: Hande Adeep , Hegde Siddhanth U. , Chakravarthi Bharathi Raja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to obtain extensive annotated data for under-resourced languages, so we investigate whether it is beneficial to train models using multi-task learning. Sentiment analysis and offensive language identification share similar discourse properties. The selection of these tasks is motivated by the lack of large labelled data for user-generated code-mixed datasets. This paper works with code-mixed YouTube comments for Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada languages. Our framework is applicable to other sequence classification problems irrespective to the size of the datasets. Experiments show that our multi-task learning model can achieve high results compared to single-task learning while reducing the time and space constraints required to train the models on individual tasks. Analysis of fine-tuned models indicates the preference of multi-task learning over single task learning resulting in a higher weighted F1 score on all three languages. We apply two multi-task learning approaches to three Dravidian languages, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil. Maximum scores on Kannada and Malayalam were achieved by mBERT subjected to cross entropy loss and with an approach of hard parameter sharing. Best scores on Tamil was achieved by DistilBERT subjected to cross entropy loss with soft parameter sharing as the architecture type. For the tasks of sentiment analysis and offensive language identification, the best performing model scored a weighted F1-Score of (66.8%, 90.5%), (59%, 70%) and (62.1%,75.3%) for Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil on sentiment analysis and offensive language identification respectively.
How can we better frame COVID-19 public health messages?
Authors: Teye-Kwadjo Enoch 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis Perspective discusses the use of fear appeals in promoting health behaviour. The discussion establishes that fear appeal-based public health messages (i.e. public health messages that emphasise the consequences of failing to engage in a particular health behaviour) have two components (1) perceived threat and (2) perceived efficacy. A perceived threat has two subcomponents (a) perceived high susceptibility (e.g. ‘I can contract COVID-19’) and (b) perceived high severity (e.g. ‘COVID-19 can kill me’). In a parallel fashion, perceived efficacy has two subcomponents (a) high response efficacy (e.g. ‘Staying at home can reduce my risk for COVID-19’) and (b) high self-efficacy (e.g. ‘I can stay at home’). This discussion demonstrates that for fear appeals to have a desirable effect on health behaviour change, all of the four conditions (i.e. high perceived susceptibility, high perceived severity, high response efficacy, and high self-efficacy) are important and need to be fulfilled. However, empirical evidence shows that the four conditions are almost never fulfilled, calling into question the effectiveness of using fear appeals in promoting health behaviour change. In contrast, gain-framed public health messages (i.e. public health messages that highlight the benefits of engaging in a particular health behaviour), which do not require the fulfillment of these four conditions, have been shown to have positive effects on behaviour change outcomes. We argue that public health messages that highlight the benefits of engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviour can have persuasive, desirable effects on health behaviour change, compared to public health messages that highlight the consequences of failing to engage in a particular COVID-19 preventive behaviour.
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis Due to Co-infection with Mucormycosis and Exserohilum rostratum in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Radici Vera , Brissot Eolia , Chartier Suzanne , Guitard Juliette , Fabiani Bettina , Memoli Mara , Banet Anne , Heuberger Laurence , Lapusan Simona , Atallah Sarah , Legrand Ollivier , Genthon Alexis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvasive fungal infections remain an important cause of complication and morbidity in the management of acute leukemias. Here we report the case of a 27-year-old patient from French Polynesia who was diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After induction chemotherapy, she developed rhinosinusitis with extensive bone lysis. The context and clinical presentation quickly made us suspect an invasive mucormycosis infection. However, a multidisciplinary investigation including mass spectrometry techniques also revealed the presence of Exserohilum rostratum, a pathogen member of the genus Exserohilum that is ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical regions but rarely implicated in invasive sinusitis. Antifungal treatment combined with an early surgical approach resulted in a favorable clinical response.
The effects of information about price anchoring: Evidence from a choice experiment
Authors: Lemos Scott , Halstead John M. , Huang Ju-Chin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study details the results of an experimental intervention designed to address the issue of price anchoring in the choice experiment framework. The intervention, which informs respondents of the tendency to anchor choices on potentially arbitrary pieces of information, is applied to a choice experiment used to examine consumers’ willingness to pay for local and/or organic tomatoes in Northern New England and develops three primary contributions. First, evidence from this study shows that anchoring effects are present. Second, providing information to consumers plays a mitigating role on these effects; price anchoring changes willing to pay estimates between 44% and 51% and exposure to anchoring-specific cheap talk is associated with a reduction in these anchoring effects between 60% and 80%. These results are explained through decreases in price sensitivity induced by increasing the mean price vector and subsequent increases in price sensitivity due to the information intervention. Finally, this study reveals that consumers are willing to pay a substantial price premium for locally grown tomatoes, from $0.96 to $1.12 per pound, offering some guidance for policy regarding growing practice and farm land use as regional coalitions support local agriculture expansion in the Northeast.
Linking representations for multivariate extremes via a limit set
Authors: Nolde Natalia , Wadsworth Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study of multivariate extremes is dominated by multivariate regular variation, although it is well known that this approach does not provide adequate distinction between random vectors whose components are not always simultaneously large. Various alternative dependence measures and representations have been proposed, with the most well-known being hidden regular variation and the conditional extreme value model. These varying depictions of extremal dependence arise through consideration of different parts of the multivariate domain, and particularly through exploring what happens when extremes of one variable may grow at different rates from other variables. Thus far, these alternative representations have come from distinct sources, and links between them are limited. In this work we elucidate many of the relevant connections through a geometrical approach. In particular, the shape of the limit set of scaled sample clouds in light-tailed margins is shown to provide a description of several different extremal dependence representations.
Adam Smith and Richard Price on a Free Society of Equals
Authors: Whalen Nicole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, I examine two competing republican ideals of a free society of equals in the eighteenth century. I claim that while the value of nondependency was central to the economic outlooks of both Adam Smith and Richard Price, their evaluations of free-market practices were dramatically distinct. In doing so, I introduce a new interpretation of the typologies of republicanism in the eighteenth century.
The potential role of FNDC5/irisin in various liver diseases: awakening the sleeping beauties
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Mao Lihong , Li Chaoqun , Hui Yangyang , Yu Zihan , Sun Mingyu , Li Yifan , Guo Gaoyue , Yang Wanting , Cui Binxin , Fan Xiaofei , Sun Chao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein and the precursor of irisin, which serves as a systemic exerkine/myokine with multiple origins. Since its discovery in 2012, this hormone-like polypeptide has rapidly evolved to a component significantly involved in a gamut of metabolic dysregulations and various liver diseases. After a decade of extensive investigation on FNDC5/irisin, we are still surrounded by lots of open questions regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic values. In this review, we first concentrated on the structure–function relationship of FNDC5/irisin. Next, we comprehensively summarised the current knowledge and research findings regarding pathogenic roles/therapeutic applications of FNDC5/irisin in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, liver injury due to multiple detrimental insults, hepatic malignancy and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Moreover, the prominent molecules involved in the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways were highlighted. As a result, emerging evidence reveals FNDC5/irisin may act as a proxy for diagnosing liver disease pathology, a sensitive biomarker for assessing damage severity, a predisposing factor for surveilling illness progression and a treatment option with protective/preventive impact, all of which are highly dependent on disease grading and contextually pathological features.
Enabling collaborative dynamic capabilities in strategic communities: Firm- vs. network-centric perspectives
Authors: Jucevičius Giedrius , Jucevičienė Rita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis conceptual paper focuses on the importance of extending thecollaborative dynamic capabilities(C-DCs) view and its emphasis on the boundary spanningstrategic communities(SCs) fromfirm-centric to thenetwork-centric perspective. The C-DC view is an original theoretical perspective that offers a good explanation of corporate-level transformations in the context of cross-sectoral convergence. Although the focus of prevailing research on large firms as cornerstones of SCs is valid, it does not fully capture the more complex dynamics that take in the horizontal networks of firms. We show that C-DC and SC theoretical perspectives can be adapted to the context of regional industrial clusters and contribute to their strategic renewal. The paper conceptualizes the different challenges and nature of leadership that prevail in SC-based firms networks. It also presents the different enabling aspects of collaborative DCs (with regard to trust building, co-specialization and capability synthesis) in firm- vs. network-centric environments.
The Limits of Value Transparency in Machine Learning
Authors: Nyrup Rune 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransparency has been proposed as a way of handling value-ladenness in machine learning (ML). This article highlights limits to this strategy. I distinguish three kinds of transparency: epistemic transparency, retrospective value transparency, and prospective value transparency. This corresponds to different approaches to transparency in ML, including so-called explainable artificial intelligence and governance based on disclosing information about the design process. I discuss three sources of value-ladenness in ML—problem formulation, inductive risk, and specification gaming—and argue that retrospective value transparency is only well-suited for dealing with the first, while the third raises serious challenges even for prospective value transparency.
“War Trauma” and the Politics of PTSD during and after the Wars of Yugoslav Succession
Authors: Antić Ana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder was developed and debated during the wars of Yugoslav succession 1991–1995. It focuses on the rich, wide-ranging, and complex psychiatric and psychotherapeutic discussions of war trauma in the post-Yugoslav space, arguing that arguments about PTSD became a site for expressing political tensions, controversies, and anxieties that could not otherwise be addressed or identified.This research explores how Yugoslav psychiatrists tailored the language of PTSD to their own particular clinical and political needs, infusing it with local assumptions and experiences, often radically changing its original meaning and intentions in the process. Moreover, the article engages with discourses of psychological trauma in Eastern Europe and the socialist world, which remains a neglected topic. It examines how the post-WWII and socialist-era psychiatric discourse and silences were reinterpreted and worked into the psychiatric-political attempts to make sense of the wars of Yugoslav succession.
Whose rules? Whose power? The Global South and the possibility to shape international peacekeeping norms through leadership appointments
Authors: Harig Christoph , Jenne Nicole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternational organisations reflect global power configurations and as such, are deemed to reproduce global inequalities. Nevertheless, they also represent opportunities for the Global South to challenge the global stratification of power, for instance by providing personnel to international agencies and bureaucracies. This article examines the role of leadership personnel from the Global South in implementing robust peacekeeping mandates.Given that states from the Global South have often been hesitant to support the use of force internationally, can leadership positions in peace operations help these states to influence norms at the implementation level? We develop a conceptual understanding of individuals’ role in implementing norms and apply the framework to military force commanders from Brazil, India, and Rwanda. The analysis demonstrates that appointments provide an opportunity for norm contestation, but do not necessarily guarantee such influence. Under certain circumstances, we find that military force commanders can actually undermine their governments’ preferences. However, the relation between force commanders’ practices and their country of origin's policy stance is complex and influenced by a variety of different factors that merit further investigation.