bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antennae of psychodid and sphaerocerid flies respond to a high variety of floral scent compounds of deceptive Arum maculatum L.
Authors: Gfrerer Eva , Laina Danae , Wagner Rüdiger , Gibernau Marc , Hörger Anja C. , Comes Hans Peter , Dötterl Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsect-pollinated plants often release complex mixtures of floral scents to attract their pollinators. Yet scent compounds eliciting physiological or behavioural responses in pollinators have only been identified in few plant species. The sapromyiophilous aroid Arum maculatum releases a highly diverse dung-like scent with overall more than 300 different compounds recorded so far to attract its psychodid and other fly pollinators. The volatiles’ role in pollinator attraction is mostly unknown. To identify potential behaviourally active compounds, we recorded electroantennographic responses of four Psychodidae and one Sphaeroceridae species to (1) inflorescence scents of A. maculatum and (2) the scents released by cow dung, likely imitated by the plant species. Here we show that these flies are sensitive to 78 floral volatiles of various chemical classes, 18 of which were also found in cow dung. Our study, which for the first time determined physiologically active compounds in the antennae of Psychoda spp. and Sphaeroceridae, identified various volatiles not known to be biologically active in any floral visitors so far. The obtained results help deciphering the chemical basis that enables A. maculatum and other plants, pollinated by psychodids and sphaerocerids, to attract and deceive their pollinators.
Better Understanding of the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy (BUMP): protocol for a digital feasibility study in women from preconception to postpartum
Authors: Goodday S. M. , Karlin E. , Brooks A. , Chapman C. , Karlin D. R. , Foschini L. , Kipping E. , Wildman M. , Francis M. , Greenman H. , Li Li , Schadt E. , Ghassemi M. , Goldenberg A. , Cormack F. , Taptiklis N. , Centen C. , Smith S. , Friend S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Better Understanding the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy (BUMP) study is a longitudinal feasibility study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy symptom experience using digital tools. The present paper describes the protocol for the BUMP study. Over 1000 participants are being recruited through a patient provider-platform and through other channels in the United States (US). Participants in a preconception cohort (BUMP-C) are followed for 6 months, or until conception, while participants in a pregnancy cohort (BUMP) are followed into their fourth trimester. Participants are provided with a smart ring, a smartwatch (BUMP only), and a smart scale (BUMP only) alongside cohort-specific study apps. Participant centric engagement strategies are used that aim to co-design the digital approach with participants while providing knowledge and support. The BUMP study is intended to lay the foundational work for a larger study to determine whether participant co-designed digital tools can be used to detect, track and return multimodal symptoms during the perinatal window to inform individual level symptom trajectories.
Encapsulation within a coordination cage modulates the reactivity of redox-active dyes
Authors: Yanshyna Oksana , Białek Michał J. , Chashchikhin Oleg V. , Klajn Rafal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConfining molecules within well-defined nanosized spaces can profoundly alter their physicochemical characteristics. For example, the controlled aggregation of chromophores into discrete oligomers has been shown to tune their optical properties whereas encapsulation of reactive species within molecular hosts can increase their stability. The resazurin/resorufin pair has been widely used for detecting redox processes in biological settings; yet, how tight confinement affects the properties of these two dyes remains to be explored. Here, we show that a flexible PdII6L4 coordination cage can efficiently encapsulate both resorufin and resazurin in the form of dimers, dramatically modulating their optical properties. Furthermore, binding within the cage significantly decreases the reduction rate of resazurin to resorufin, and the rate of the subsequent reduction of resorufin to dihydroresorufin. During our studies, we also found that upon dilution, the PdII6L4 cage disassembles to afford PdII2L2 species, which lacks the ability to form inclusion complexes – a process that can be reversed upon the addition of the strongly binding resorufin/resazurin guests. We expect that the herein disclosed ability of a water-soluble cage to reversibly modulate the optical and chemical properties of a molecular redox probe will expand the versatility of synthetic fluorescent probes in biologically relevant environments.
Genotype to ecotype in niche environments: adaptation of Arthrobacter to carbon availability and environmental conditions
Authors: Gushgari-Doyle Sara , Lui Lauren M , Nielsen Torben N , Wu Xiaoqin , Malana Ria G , Hendrickson Andrew J , Carion Heloise , Poole Farris L , Adams Michael W W , Arkin Adam P , Chakraborty Romy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Niche environmental conditions influence both the structure and function of microbial communities and the cellular function of individual strains. The terrestrial subsurface is a dynamic and diverse environment that exhibits specific biogeochemical conditions associated with depth, resulting in distinct environmental niches. Here, we present the characterization of seven distinct strains belonging to the genus Arthrobacter isolated from varying depths of a single sediment core and associated groundwater from an adjacent well. We characterized genotype and phenotype of each isolate to connect specific cellular functions and metabolisms to ecotype. Arthrobacter isolates from each ecotype demonstrated functional and genomic capacities specific to their biogeochemical conditions of origin, including laboratory-demonstrated characterization of salinity tolerance and optimal pH, and genes for utilization of carbohydrates and other carbon substrates. Analysis of the Arthrobacter pangenome revealed that it is notably open with a volatile accessory genome compared to previous pangenome studies on other genera, suggesting a high potential for adaptability to environmental niches.
Colonization and metabolite profiles of homologous, heterologous and experimentally evolved algal symbionts in the sea anemoneExaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Tsang Min Ching Sarah Jane , Chan Wing Yan , Perez-Gonzalez Alexis , Hillyer Katie E , Buerger Patrick , van Oppen Madeleine J H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, is a model of coral-dinoflagellate (Symbiodiniaceae) symbiosis. However, little is known of its potential to form symbiosis with Cladocopium—a key Indo-Pacific algal symbiont of scleractinian corals, nor the host nutritional consequences of such an association. Aposymbiotic anemones were inoculated with homologous algal symbionts, Breviolum minutum, and seven heterologous strains of Cladocopium C1acro (wild-type and heat-evolved) under ambient conditions. Despite lower initial algal cell density, Cladocopium C1acro-anemeones achieved similar cell densities as B. minutum-anemones by week 77. Wild-type and heat-evolved Cladocopium C1acro showed similar colonization patterns. Targeted LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed that almost all significantly different metabolites in the host and Symbiodiniaceae fractions were due to differences between Cladocopium C1acro and B. minutum, with little difference between heat-evolved and wild-type Cladocopium C1acro at week 9. The algal fraction of Cladocopium C1acro-anemones was enriched in metabolites related to nitrogen storage, while the host fraction of B. minutum-anemones was enriched in sugar-related metabolites. Compared to B. minutum, Cladocopium C1acro is likely slightly less nutritionally beneficial to the host under ambient conditions, but more capable of maintaining its own growth when host nitrogen supply is limited. Our findings demonstrate the value of E. diaphana to study experimentally evolved Cladocopium.
Ubiquitination of the ubiquitin-binding machinery: how early ESCRT components are controlled
Authors: Korbei Barbara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To be able to quickly and accurately respond to the environment, cells need to tightly control the amount and localization of plasma membrane proteins. The post-translation modification by the protein modifier ubiquitin is the key signal for guiding membrane-associated cargo to the lysosome/vacuole for their degradation. The machinery responsible for such sorting contains several subunits that function as ubiquitin receptors, many of which are themselves subjected to ubiquitination. This review will focus on what is currently known about the modulation of the machinery itself by ubiquitination and how this might affect its function with a special emphasis on current findings from the plant field.
Insights into nervous system repair from the fruit fly
Authors: Coupe David , Bossing Torsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMillions of people experience injury to the central nervous system (CNS) each year, many of whom are left permanently disabled, providing a challenging hurdle for the field of regenerative medicine. Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila have allowed the response to CNS insults to be probed and novel regulators with mammalian orthologs identified. The conservation of many regenerative pathways, despite considerable evolutionary separation, stresses that these signals are principal regulators and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight the role of Drosophila CNS injury models in providing key insight into regenerative processes by exploring the underlying pathways that control glial and neuronal activation in response to insult, and their contribution to damage repair in the CNS.
The near-core rotation of HD 112429
Authors: Van Reeth T. , De Cat P. , Van Beeck J. , Prat V. , Wright D. J. , Lehmann H. , Chené A.-N. , Kambe E. , Yang S. L. S. , Gentile G. , Joos M. 
Published: March 2022

Context. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides us with high-precision photometric observations of large numbers of bright stars over more than 70% of the entire sky, allowing us to revisit and characterise well-known stars.
Aims. We aim to conduct an asteroseismic analysis of the γ Doradus (γ Dor) star HD 112429 using both the available ground-based spectroscopy and TESS photometry, and assess the conditions required to measure the near-core rotation rate and buoyancy travel time.
Methods. We collected and reduced the available five sectors of short-cadence TESS photometry of this star, as well as 672 legacy observations from six medium- to high-resolution ground-based spectrographs. We determined the stellar pulsation frequencies from both data sets using iterative prewhitening, did asymptotic g mode modelling of the star, and investigated the corresponding spectral line profile variations using the pixel-by-pixel method.
Results. We validate the pulsation frequencies from the TESS data down to S/N ≥ 5.6, confirming recent reports in the literature that the classical criterion S/N ≥ 4 does not suffice for space-based observations. We identify the pulsations as prograde dipole g modes and r-mode pulsations, and measure a near-core rotation rate of 1.536 (3) d−1 and a buoyancy travel time Π0 of 4190 (50) s. These results are in agreement with the observed spectral line profile variations, which were qualitatively evaluated using a newly developed toy model. We establish a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled for an asymptotic asteroseismic analysis of g-mode pulsators. In the case of HD 112429, two TESS sectors of space photometry suffice.
Conclusions. Although a detailed asteroseismic modelling analysis is not viable for g-mode pulsators with only short or sparse light curves of space photometry, it is possible to determine global asteroseismic quantities for a subset of these stars. Thanks to the ongoing TESS mission, this will allow us to characterise many more stars than only those with years of data.
Cold snare polypectomy of colorectal polyps ≤ 10 mm on clopidogrel: Australian and New Zealand randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ket Shara , Tjandra Douglas , Hewett David G. , Kheir Ammar O. , Metz Andrew J. , Moss Alan , Ogra Ravinder , Tam William , Raftopoulos Spiro , Reynolds John , Secomb Robyn , Cavalieri Lauren , Urquhart Paul , Gibson Peter R. , Brown Gregor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Optimal peri-colonoscopic management of clopidogrel remains unclear. Cold snare polypectomy is safe and effective for removing polyps ≤ 10 mm and clips can control intraprocedural bleeding. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare continuation of clopidogrel versus temporary replacement of clopidogrel with aspirin for routine colonoscopy using cold snare polypectomy for polyps ≤ 10 mm.
Patients and methods Between August 2016 and August 2019, consenting participants at 12 centers were randomized to continuation of clopidogrel as a single or dual antiplatelet agent, or to temporarily take aspirin alone from 7 days prior to 2 days after routine colonoscopy. Endoscopists were blinded to group allocation. Cold snare polypectomy was used to remove polyps ≤ 10 mm, with endoscopic clips applied if intraprocedural bleeding continued for > 2 minutes. Follow-up was performed on Day 30. The trial was stopped early due to delayed patient enrollment.
Results Two hundred seventy-six consecutive polyps ≤ 10 mm were removed from 107 patients. Of the patients, 61.7 % were male with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 63 to 76.75). Fifty-nine patients continued on clopidogrel and 48 temporarily took aspirin instead. One hundred thirty-four polyps were removed from 49 patients who continued on clopidogrel vs 142 from 43 patients temporarily took aspirin instead (P = 0.33). Intraprocedural bleeding requiring clips occurred in 11 of 49 patients who continued on clopidogrel and in two of 43 patients who temporarily took replacing with aspirin instead (P = 0.02). More post-procedural minor bleeding was seen in the aspirin arm (six of 43 vs one of 49; P = 0.03). One patient in each arm had acute coronary syndrome, which was medically managed. None of the patients had clinically significant post-procedural bleeding.
Conclusions Continuation of clopidogrel in patients undergoing cold snare polypectomy for colorectal polyps ≤ 10 mm does not appear to increase the rate of clinically significant postpolypectomy bleeding. It is associated with an increase in intraprocedural bleeding, which can be successfully treated with clips.
Visualizing Opioid-Use Variation in a Pediatric Perioperative Dashboard
Authors: Safranek Conrad W. , Feitzinger Lauren , Joyner Alice Kate Cummings , Woo Nicole , Smith Virgil , Souza Elizabeth De , Vasilakis Christos , Anderson Thomas Anthony , Fehr James , Shin Andrew Y. , Scheinker David , Wang Ellen , Xie James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground Anesthesiologists integrate numerous variables to determine an opioid dose that manages patient nociception and pain while minimizing adverse effects. Clinical dashboards that enable physicians to compare themselves to their peers can reduce unnecessary variation in patient care and improve outcomes. However, due to the complexity of anesthetic dosing decisions, comparative visualizations of opioid-use patterns are complicated by case-mix differences between providers.Objectives This single-institution case study describes the development of a pediatric anesthesia dashboard and demonstrates how advanced computational techniques can facilitate nuanced normalization techniques, enabling meaningful comparisons of complex clinical data.Methods We engaged perioperative-care stakeholders at a tertiary care pediatric hospital to determine patient and surgical variables relevant to anesthesia decision-making and to identify end-user requirements for an opioid-use visualization tool. Case data were extracted, aggregated, and standardized. We performed multivariable machine learning to identify and understand key variables. We integrated interview findings and computational algorithms into an interactive dashboard with normalized comparisons, followed by an iterative process of improvement and implementation.Results The dashboard design process identified two mechanisms—interactive data filtration and machine-learning-based normalization—that enable rigorous monitoring of opioid utilization with meaningful case-mix adjustment. When deployed with real data encompassing 24,332 surgical cases, our dashboard identified both high and low opioid-use outliers with associated clinical outcomes data.Conclusion A tool that gives anesthesiologists timely data on their practice patterns while adjusting for case-mix differences empowers physicians to track changes and variation in opioid administration over time. Such a tool can successfully trigger conversation amongst stakeholders in support of continuous improvement efforts. Clinical analytics dashboards can enable physicians to better understand their practice and provide motivation to change behavior, ultimately addressing unnecessary variation in high impact medication use and minimizing adverse effects.
From reactor to patient: an example of radioactive diagnostics and effective half-life in thyroid cancer treatment
Authors: Neel Matthew S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We follow a radioactive sample from production in a reactor to its use in a biological application to model the complexities in the use of radioactive isotopes from a student’s perspective. Specifically, we describe a way to use gamma ray detection outside the body to estimate the clearance rate of these radioisotopes from the body and how that rate can be used to assess thyroid cancer remnant mass. This procedure has a long history in nuclear medicine and is well established. Classroom discussion questions are included to think more deeply about the proper (and improper) handling of radiopharmaceuticals as well as patient safety.
Reversible energy absorption of elasto-plastic auxetic, hexagonal, and AuxHex structures fabricated by FDM 4D printing
Authors: Namvar N , Zolfagharian A , Vakili-Tahami F , Bodaghi M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study aims at introducing reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials by utilising four-dimensional (4D) printing process for recoverable energy dissipation and absorption applications with shape memory effects. The architected mechanical metamaterials are designed as a repeating arrangement of re-entrant auxetic, hexagonal, and AuxHex unit-cells and manufactured using 3D printing fused deposition modelling process. The AuxHex cellular structure is composed of auxetic re-entrant and hexagonal components. Architected cellular metamaterials are developed based on a comprehension of the elasto-plastic features of shape memory polylactic acid materials and cold programming deduced from theory and experiments. Computational models based on ABAQUS/Standard are used to simulate the mechanical properties of the 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials under quasi-static uniaxial compression loading, and the results are validated by experimental data. Research trials show that metamaterial with re-entrant auxetic unit-cells has better energy absorption capability compared to the other structures studied in this paper, mainly because of the unique deformation mechanisms of unit-cells. It is shown that mechanical metamaterials with elasto-plastic behaviors exhibit mechanical hysteresis and energy dissipation when undergoing a loading-unloading cycle. It is experimentally revealed that the residual plastic strain and dissipation processes induced by cold programming are completely reversible through simple heating. The results and concepts presented in this work can potentially be useful towards 4D printing reconfigurable cellular structures for reversible energy absorption and dissipation engineering applications.
Designing plasmonic metasurface absorbers with desirable absorption values for different thermal applications
Authors: Nagaty Ahmed , Aly Arafa H , Sabra Walied 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate and explore an approach to designing absorbers based on using plasmonic metasurfaces in the visible spectrum. The approach opens up the possibility of rapidly choosing an absorber with the desired absorption value using an analytical expression. By using the three dimensional finite element method, we present a wide comparison between varieties of plasmonic absorbers based on using different nanoantennas in the proposed metasurface designs. The utilized plasmonic nanoantennas are such as the titanium nitride (TiN), Aluminum (Al), Gold (Au), and Silver (Ag) nanoantennas. The comparison between using these plasmonic nanoantennas will be according to the resulted absorption from the proposed designs. The plasmonic metasurfaces using the TiN nanoantennas demonstrates a high absorption compared to the obtained absorption from the other metasurface designs using (Al), (Au), and (Ag) nanoantennas. Accordingly, based on these results, we used a regression analysis to fit our simulated data to an analytical expression in order to generalize the concept of generation the absorbers of interest with the desired absorption based on the proposed metasurfaces. This promising technique provides a methodology to design preoptimized absorbers for practical applications such as sensing, thermal management, and solar cells.
Constraints on small-scale primordial density fluctuation from cosmic microwave background through dark matter annihilation
Authors: Kawasaki Masahiro , Nakatsuka Hiromasa , Nakayama Kazunori 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation by the Planck satellite precisely determines primordial curvature fluctuations on larger scales than 𝒪(1) Mpc, while the small-scale curvature fluctuation is still less constrained.
The constraint on small-scale fluctuations is highly improved if we assume the standard thermal relic dark matter scenario.
When small-scale fluctuations are large enough, dense regions collapse to form small halos even in a redshift z ≳ 103, which is called “ultracompact minihalos”.
These minihalos enhance the annihilation of the dark matter and it is constrained by observations such as extragalactic gamma rays and the CMB. We revisit the effect of minihalos formed by the small-scale density fluctuations and calculate the ionization history modified by the dark matter annihilation assuming the thermally produced WIMP accounting for all dark matter with e
+
e
−-channel annihilation.
We perform the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to constrain the size of small-scale curvature fluctuations by the CMB power spectrum.
It is found that the constraint from the CMB power spectrum is comparable to that from the extragalactic gamma rays.
Assuming a pair-annihilation cross section 〈σ
v〉 = 3 × 10-26cm3/s and a mass of dark matter 1 TeV,
we constrain the curvature power spectrum 𝒫ℛ(k) < 𝒪(10-6) over 1 Mpc-1 < k < 106 Mpc-1.
We confirm that our constraint mainly comes from the energy injection in early time (z ≳ 100) and hence it is independent of the uncertainty of minihalo properties in the late time.