bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationed price controls and “prices versus quantities”
Authors: Bennett John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe interpret Weitzman's prices‐versus‐quantities model as applying to a private‐good market, and we formulate a “rationed price control,” with quantity determined endogenously as the minimum of supply and demand. With efficient rationing and no externalities, the optimal rationed price control exceeds the price at the expected demand–supply intersection if (the numerical value of) the demand slope curve exceeds the supply slope, and is less than this level for the reverse ordering of slopes. If uncertain demand is steeper than deterministic supply, or if uncertain supply is steeper than deterministic demand, expected welfare is greater with the optimal rationed price control than with the optimal quantity control. We obtain, for any specified price level, a partial ranking of the rationed price control and alternative simple price controls. Extending the model to incorporate externalities, we show that, for demand steeper than supply, with a negative externality on either benefit or cost, the optimal rationed price control exceeds the price at the expected intersection of marginal social benefit and marginal social cost; a converse result also obtains. For an example with inefficient rationing, we show that the optimal pure price control always exceeds the price at the expected intersection of demand and supply.
Development of a new bio‐microscope for 3D geometry characterization of fruit single cells
Authors: Zhang Meishuan , Wang Yiheng , Wang Junyi , Li Zhiguo , Tchuenbou‐Magaia Fideline 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFruit cells are living irregular three‐dimensional (3D) transparent objects which makes them challenging to determine their real 3D size and shape through only two‐dimensional (2D) images using the existing biological microscope. This study deals with a newly self‐developed biological microscope including a microscope imaging system, a light source system, a stage and a support base for the 3D size characterization of fruit single cells. The main design concept is based on two optical path systems set up at the front (x‐axis) and bottom (z‐axis) directions of a transparent chamber containing single cells that allow the front view and bottom view of the single cell to be observed. Performance indicators such as mass, size, observation range, objective magnification, total magnification, focal range, focal accuracy, and resolution of the developed biological microscope were estimated. Finally, the 3D geometry size of single tomato cells was measured by the new biological microscope to demonstrate the relative ease at which accurate real 3D geometry information of single fruit cells could be obtained, which echoes its scientific value.
Primary cutaneous melanoma in Black patients: An analysis of 2464 cases from the National Cancer Database 2004–2018
Authors: Fernandez Jennifer M. , Poling Kristi L. , Desai Amar D. , Koblinski Jenna E. , Borgstrom Mark , Abraham Ivo , Behbahani Sara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMelanoma in Black patients carries a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, melanoma in this population has not been well characterized. This study evaluates survival predictors in Black patients with melanoma. This was a retrospective cohort study of Black patients with cutaneous melanoma from the National Cancer Database 2004–2018. Of the 2464 cases, melanoma was more common among females than males (57.1% vs. 42.9%, p < .001). Median Breslow depth was 1.8 mm (interquartile range 0.4–4.4). Lower extremities were the most common location (52.8%), followed by upper extremities (13.1%) along with otherwise specified/overlapping/other (13.1%), then by trunk (11.8%), and lastly head and neck (9.2%). Stage at diagnosis was I (30.7%), II (27.5%), III (24.1%), and IV (17.7%). Ulceration was observed in 41.4% of lesions. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) was the most common specific histologic subtype (20.3%), followed by superficial spreading melanoma (9.4%). After adjusting for confounders, higher stages and primary site on the head and neck were the strongest independent predictors of worse overall survival. Melanoma in Black patients is most likely to appear on the lower extremities. A large portion (41.8%) presented with stage III or IV disease. ALM was the most common specific histologic subtype.
Epigenetic and pharmacological control of pigmentation via Bromodomain Protein 9 (BRD9)
Authors: Basuroy Tupa , Dreier Megan , Baum Caitlin , Blomquist Thomas , Trumbly Robert , Filipp Fabian V. , de la Serna Ivana L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLineage‐specific differentiation programs are activated by epigenetic changes in chromatin structure. Melanin‐producing melanocytes maintain a gene expression program ensuring appropriate enzymatic conversion of metabolites into the pigment, melanin, and transfer to surrounding cells. During neuroectodermal development, SMARCA4 (BRG1), the catalytic subunit of SWItch/Sucrose Non‐Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, is essential for lineage specification. SMARCA4 is also required for development of multipotent neural crest precursors into melanoblasts, which differentiate into pigment‐producing melanocytes. In addition to the catalytic domain, SMARCA4 and several SWI/SNF subunits contain bromodomains which are amenable to pharmacological inhibition. We investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of SWI/SNF bromodomains on melanocyte differentiation. Strikingly, treatment of murine melanoblasts and human neonatal epidermal melanocytes with selected bromodomain inhibitors abrogated melanin synthesis and visible pigmentation. Using functional genomics, iBRD9, a small molecule selective for the bromodomain of BRD9 was found to repress pigmentation‐specific gene expression. Depletion of BRD9 confirmed a requirement for expression of pigmentation genes in the differentiation program from melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and in melanoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that iBRD9 disrupts the occupancy of BRD9 and the catalytic subunit SMARCA4 at melanocyte‐specific loci. These data indicate that BRD9 promotes melanocyte pigmentation whereas pharmacological inhibition of BRD9 is repressive.
A prospective observational study to sequentially determine the dermoscopic features of vitiligo and its association with disease activity in patients on medical treatment
Authors: Gupta Priyansh , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Bishnoi Anuradha , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil , Parsad Davinder 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProspective data on correlation between dermoscopic features of vitiligo and disease activity are scarce. This study was conducted to sequentially determine the dermoscopic features of vitiligo and to evaluate their association with disease activity. A cohort of 30 patients with 60 active vitiligo patches on medical therapy was subjected to sequential clinical and dermoscopic examination at four weekly intervals till 16 weeks. Disease activity at each visit was assessed using serial clinical photographs and modified vitiligo activity severity index. The dermoscopic images were merged and analysed for a predefined set of dermoscopic parameters by two blinded dermatologists. Paired analysis of dermoscopic features was done between baseline, and stabilized vitiligo patches at 12 and 16 weeks. Pigment network changes (absent and reduced pigment network,p < .001), perifollicular depigmentation (p = .02), ill‐defined margins (p = .04) and satellite lesions and micro‐Koebner phenomenon (p < .001) were associated with active vitiligo while perifollicular repigmentation (p < .001) was associated with stabilizing and repigmenting vitiligo. Satellite lesions and micro‐Koebner's phenomena were suggestive of unstable disease irrespective of site of target lesion, while perifollicular repigmentation was suggestive of stabilized/repigmenting disease only at non‐acral sites. We found sequential dermoscopy to be useful to assess disease activity and potential for repigmentation in localized vitiligo.
Leveraging Network Structure to Improve Pooled Testing Efficiency
Authors: Sewell Daniel K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScreening is a powerful tool for infection control, allowing for infectious individuals, whether they be symptomatic or asymptomatic, to be identified and isolated. The resource burden of regular and comprehensive screening can often be prohibitive, however. One such measure to address this is pooled testing, whereby groups of individuals are each given a composite test; should a group receive a positive diagnostic test result, those comprising the group are then tested individually. Infectious disease is spread through a transmission network, and this paper shows how assigning individuals to pools based on this underlying network can improve the efficiency of the pooled testing strategy, thereby reducing the resource burden. We designed a simulated annealing algorithm to improve the pooled testing efficiency as measured by the ratio of the expected number of correct classifications to the expected number of tests performed. We then evaluated our approach using an agent-based model designed to simulate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a school setting. Our results suggest that our approach can decrease the number of tests required to regularly screen the student body, and that these reductions are quite robust to assigning pools based on partially observed or noisy versions of the network.
Patients’ and health care providers’ perspectives of sexual and reproductive health services for people with disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Vujcich Daniel , Wilshin Caitlin , Lock Eliza , Reeves Karina , Lobo Roanna 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective of this review is to summarize the nature and focus of research that has been conducted into patients’ and health care providers’ perspectives of sexual and reproductive health access for people with disability.

Introduction:
Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) requires people with disability to be provided with equitable access to sexual and reproductive health services. However, there are few scoping or systematic reviews examining the provision of inclusive sexual and reproductive health services to people with disability. Current and planned reviews are either not inclusive of a full range of disabilities or geographical regions, are limited to reproductive health, or focus exclusively on the perspectives of health professionals.

Inclusion criteria:
Qualitative, quantitative, mixed method studies, and gray literature concerning sexual and reproductive health service access for people with disability will be included. The UNCRPD definition of disability will be adopted, together with a multidimensional conceptualization of “access.”

Methods:
The review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. A search strategy has been developed for MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and gray literature. After de-duplication, results will be independently screened against the inclusion criteria by 2 reviewers. There will be no geographical limitations, but non-English-language publications will be excluded. Only literature published after the UNCRPD came into effect (May 3, 2008) will be included. Charting tools will be used for data extraction, and results will be presented in descriptive, diagrammatic, and tabular formats.
Identifying candidate quality indicators of tools that support the practice of knowledge translation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bhuiya Aunima R. , Makarski Julie , Hayden Leigh , Perrier Laure , Munce Sarah , Lewis Iveta , Graham Ian D. , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Straus Sharon E. , Stelfox Henry T. , Strifler Lisa , Lokker Cynthia , Li Linda C. , Leung Fok-Han , Dobbins Maureen , Ritchie Lisa M. Puchalski , Squires Janet , Rac Valeria , Fahim Christine , Kastner Monika 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and characterize relevant knowledge translation methods tools (those that provide guidance for optimized knowledge translation practice) to uncover candidate quality indicators to inform a future quality assessment tool for knowledge translation strategies.

Introduction:
Knowledge translation strategies (defined as including knowledge translation interventions, tools, and products) target various knowledge users, including patients, clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers. The development and use of strategies that support knowledge translation practice have been rapidly increasing, making it difficult for knowledge users to decide which to use. There is limited evidence-based guidance or measures to help assess the overall quality of knowledge translation strategies.

Inclusion criteria:
Empirical and non-empirical documents will be considered if they explicitly describe a knowledge translation methods tool and its development, evaluation or validation, methodological strengths or limitations, and/or use over time. The review will consider a knowledge translation methods tool if it falls within at least one knowledge translation domain (ie, implementation, dissemination, sustainability, scalability, integrated knowledge translation) in the health field.

Methods:
We will conduct a systematic search of relevant electronic databases and gray literature. The search strategy will be developed iteratively by an experienced medical information specialist and peer-reviewed with the PRESS checklist. The search will be limited to English-only documents published from 2005 onward. Documents will be independently screened, selected, and extracted by 2 researchers. Data will be analyzed and summarized descriptively, including the characteristics of the included documents, knowledge translation methods tools, and candidate quality indicators.

Scoping review registration:
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/chxvq)
An Experimental Investigation of Supercritical Methane Injection Characteristics in a CO2 Environment
Authors: Ghorpade Ritesh , Kim Gihun , Manikantachari (Raghu) K. R. V. , Weiner Joshua , Banuti Daniel T. , Vasu Subith 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clean energy generation is gaining significant attention from industries, academia, and governments across the globe. The Allam cycle is one such technology that has been under focus due to its efficiency, environmental friendliness, and economics. This is a direct-fired cycle operating at supercritical conditions using carbon dioxide as a working fluid. Fuel or oxidizer jet mixing with CO2 is a vital phenomenon that governs combustion efficiency, and it is not well understood for the Allam cycle conditions. This paper experimentally investigated the jet characteristics of a methane jet injected into a subcritical to supercritical carbon dioxide environment. A wide range of injection pressures and temperatures were targeted between subcritical to supercritical conditions. Unlike previous studies, the current work focused on injecting lower-density (methane) jets into higher-density (carbon dioxide) environments. Schlieren imaging and methane absorption measurements were simultaneously performed with a CMOS high-speed camera and a 3.39 μm infrared laser. Specifically, we looked at the classical injection parameter of jet spreading angle, which was classically established to be mainly a density ratio function. Here, the jet cone angle was obtained from the postprocessed schlieren imaging. The jet cone angle is a critical characteristic parameter that describes the entrainment rate in a jet; thus, it is a crucial parameter in understanding the nature of the jet. The laser measurements were only used as an additional check to confirm the entry time of methane into the chamber filled with carbon dioxide. Notably, this paper makes a detailed comparison between the jet cone angles of jets with a density ratio. The result showed that the classical correlations, such as Abramovich's theory applied to submerged turbulent gas jets developed for low-density ratio jets, were unsuitable for higher-density ratio jets. It was also observed that the divergence angles were dependent not only on density ratio but also on other parameters such as pressure ratios and reduced pressures.
Measured Leakage and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients for Two Liquid Annular Seal Configurations: Smooth-Rotor/Grooved-Stator Versus Grooved-Rotor/Smooth-Stator
Authors: W. Childs Dara , Yang Jing , San Andrés Luis , M. Torres Rueda Jose , Alex Moreland James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper reports and compares the experimental results of leakage and dynamic force coefficients for two liquid annular pressure seals, one having a smooth-rotor/circumferentially grooved stator (SR/GS), the other one with a circumferentially grooved rotor/smooth-stator (GR/SS). Differing only in the grooves’ location, the GR/SS seal’s geometry and operating conditions are representative of those in electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) used for oil recovery. Supplied with an ISO VG2 oil at 46 °C, both seals have the same diameter D = 102 mm, length-to-diameter ratio L/D = 0.5, and nominal land clearance Cr = 0.203 mm. The seals have 15 circumferential grooves with grooves and land lengths equal to 1.52 mm. Test variable ranges include (a) shaft speeds (ω) ranging from 2 to 8 krpm (shaft surface speed ∼ 43 m/s), and (b) pressure differences (ΔP) from 2 to 8 bar. Upstream of the test seals, three separate prerotation rings generate a range of inlet circumferential velocities (entrance swirl). Under all conditions, the GR/SS seal leaks about 10% less than the SR/GS seal. For both seals, the direct stiffnesses (KXX, KYY) have low magnitudes that drop with increasing ω; in some cases, they turn negative at 6 krpm. The GR/SS seal produces cross-coupled stiffnesses (KXY, KYX) that are ∼1.5 times larger than those for the SR/GS seal. Under the same conditions, the SR/GS seal is more stabilizing as its direct damping, and added mass coefficients are ∼ 20% larger than those for the GR/SS seal. Instability issues are likely to arise with either seal geometry because negative KXX and KYY drop a pump critical speed, aggravating the well-known destabilizing coefficients KXY and KYX. The whirl frequency ratio (WFR) combines the effects of the cross-coupled stiffness, direct damping and cross-coupled mass terms, thus providing a good basis for comparing two seals’ stability characteristics. Overall, the WFR magnitudes for the GR/SS seal are about three times higher than those for the SR/GS seal. Note that, irrespective of the inlet swirl condition, the GR/SS approaches a WFR ∼ 0.50 for operating shaft speeds greater than 4 krpm. At the lowest shaft speed (2 krpm), the WFR ≪ 0.5 for the low inlet preswirl ring, whereas WFR &gt; 0.8 for the medium and high preswirl rings. For the SR/GS seal, the WFR ∼ 0.2 at the highest shaft speed of 6 krpm, and not affected by the inlet preswirl condition. On the other hand, at the lowest shaft speed, the WFR ranges from 0.5 to 0.75 for the SR/GS seal with medium and high preswirl rings. At this speed, the WFR = 0 with the low inlet preswirl ring. Hence, to enhance the operational stability, an effective swirl brake that could drop the inlet preswirl ratio upstream of a seal is helpful for the GR/SS seal out to 4 krpm and for the SR/GS seal out to 6 krpm.
Designing an Effective Plate Fin Heat Exchanger and Prediction of Thermal Performance Operated Under Different Water Blends Using Machine Learning
Authors: Barmavatu Praveen , Das Mihir Kumar , Subash R. , Sravanthi Banoth , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Venkat Reddy R. , Kumar Yalagandala Akshay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The main aim of the article is intended to design an effective Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHX) with composite materials such as SS316 + copper and SS304 + Flyash in a counterflow type. These are brazed together with the method of salt bath brazing and vacuum brazing. The study presents the analytical formulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in PFHX design to predict the enhancement of heat transfer and overall heat transfer coefficient, finite difference method is suggested for analyzing the hot and cold fluids. Moreover, Quantum particle swarm optimization with the radial basis function is proposed for accurate prediction of heat transfer enhancement. The findings of the research demonstrate that the design structure of PFHX with the composite materials is analyzed using a microscopic approach and eroded test. The proposed study is performed using various types of coolants namely MFC, ECSTAR, and TFC anti-freeze coolants with water, and the thermophysical properties of the coolants are also analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the variation between the experimental and theoretical results is less than 3.26%, this indicates that the proposed method is effective for heat exchanger design and the optimization algorithm is more feasible than the analytical results. Hence, the outcome of this study offers a better prediction analysis of heat transfer enhancement using PFHX.
Not Good Enough? Exploring Relationships Between Novice Designers’ Trait Empathy, Their Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intentions Toward Sustainability, and the Self-Evaluated Sustainability of Their Solutions
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Alsager Alzayed Mohammad , Starkey Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDesigners’ empathy plays an important role in supporting socially conscious design. Although widely studied in engineering design, a majority of the research on empathy focuses on designers’ ability to empathize with primary users; little attention is given to empathizing with those affected in a secondary or tertiary capacity—an important consideration when evaluating the broader impacts of design decisions in the context of environmental sustainability. Moreover, little research has investigated the influence of designers’ internal traits (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, and intentions) on their emphasis on environmental sustainability. Such an investigation could reveal the role of developing internal and interpersonal traits in sustainable design education. In this paper, we explore this gap by introducing student designers to a hands-on sustainable design workshop. We compared changes in their trait empathy and their beliefs, attitudes, and intentions toward sustainability from before to after the workshop. We also compared the relationship between these individual differences and participants’ self-evaluated sustainability of their solutions. We see that participants reported an increase in their beliefs and intentions toward sustainability and a decrease in personal distress from before to after the workshop. Furthermore, participants who received the sustainable design lecture reported that their solutions were more sustainable in terms of disposal, salvaging, and recycling. Finally, trait empathy significantly predicted the self-evaluated sustainability of solutions on the following dimensions of sustainable design: disposal, recycling, and finding wholesome alternatives. These findings call for future work into the influence of designers’ individual differences on their approach to sustainable design.