bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated multi-omics analyses identify key anti-viral host factors and pathways controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Hou Jiakai , Wei Yanjun , Zou Jing , Jaffery Roshni , Liang Shaoheng , Zheng Caishang , Chen Ken , Shi Pei-Yong , Chen Yiwen , Xie Xuping , Peng Weiyi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Host anti-viral factors are essential for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection but remain largely unknown due to the biases of previous large-scale studies toward pro-viral host factors. To fill in this knowledge gap, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR dropout screen and integrated analyses of the multi-omics data of the CRISPR screen, genome-wide association studies, single-cell RNA-seq, and host-virus proteins or protein/RNA interactome. This study has uncovered many host factors that were missed by previous studies, including the components of V-ATPases, ESCRT, and N-glycosylation pathways that modulated viral entry and/or replication. The cohesin complex was also identified as a novel anti-viral pathway, suggesting an important role of three-dimensional chromatin organization in mediating host-viral interaction. Furthermore, we discovered an anti-viral regulator KLF5, a transcriptional factor involved in sphingolipid metabolism, which was up-regulated and harbored genetic variations linked to the COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Our results provide a resource for understanding the host anti-viral network during SARS-CoV-2 infection and may help develop new countermeasure strategies.
Genomic Benefits and Potential Harms of COVID-19 Vaccines Indicated from High-Performance Genomic Biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Zhengjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines can be the tugboats of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections when they are practical and, more importantly, without adverse effects. However, the reality is that they may result in short-term or long-term impacts on COVID-19-related diseases and even trigger the formation of new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Using published data, we use a set of high-performance COVID-19 genomic biomarkers (MND1, CDC6, ZNF282) to study the benefits and adverse effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We found that the vaccine lowered expression values of genes MND1 and CDC6 while heightening the expression values of ZNF282 of individuals with SARS-CoV-2-naive, which is expected and satisfies the biological equivalence between the COVID-19 disease and the genomic signature patterns established in the literature. However, we also found that the vaccine adversely affected COVID-19 convalescent octogenarians. It heightened the expression values of MND1 and CDC6. In addition, it lowered the expression values of ZNF282. Such adverse effects raise outstanding concerns about whether or not COVID-19 convalescent individuals should take the current vaccine or when they can take it. These findings are new at the genomic level and can provide insights into developing the next-generation vaccines, antiviral drugs, and pandemic management guidance.
Orofacial Clefts Alter Early Life Oral Microbiome Maturation Towards Dysbiosis
Authors: Seidel Corinna , Strobel Karin , Weider Matthias , Tschaftari Marco , Unertl Christoph , Willershausen Ines , Weber Manuel , Hoerning André , Morhart Patrick , Schneider Michael , Beckmann Matthias , Bogdan Christian , Gerlach Roman , Gölz Lina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFC) present different phenotypes and severities with a postnatal challenge for oral microbiota development. In order to investigate the impact of OFC on oral microbiota, smear samples from 15 neonates with OFC and 17 neonates without OFC were collected from two oral niches (tongue, cheek) at two time points, i.e. at first consultation after birth (T0: Ø3d OFC group; Ø2d control group) and 4–5 weeks later (T1: Ø32d OFC group; Ø31d control group). Subsequently, the samples were processed and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. We detected a significant increase in alpha diversity and distinct phenotypes, e.g., anaerobic and gram-negative species from T0 to T1 in both groups. Further, we found that at T1 OFC neonates presented a significantly lower alpha diversity with lowest values for high cleft severity and significantly higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella), Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Lactocaseibacillus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Lawsonella compared to controls. Notably, neonates with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip (UCLP/BCLP) and palate presented similarities in beta diversity and a mixture with skin microbiota. However, significant differences were seen in neonates with cleft palate only compared to UCLP/BCLP with higher levels of anaerobic species. Our findings revealed an influence of OFC as well as cleft phenotype and severity on postnatal oral microbiota maturation.
Infection Prevention and Control for COVID-19 response in the Rohingya refugee camps: an Intra-Action Review
Authors: Apolot Rebecca Racheal , Kaddu Simon Ssentamu , Evers Egmond Samir , Debashish Paul , Mowla S M Niaz , Ahmed Sabbir , Das Aritra , Bhuiyan Abu Toha M. R.H , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Barua Anupam , Maina Allen Kahindo Gidraf , Sultan Murad , Nyawara Marsela , Willet Victoria , Von Harbou Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is key in the control of COVID-19 pandemic and one of the pillars considered in the WHO COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan 2020. We conducted an Intra-Action Review (IAR) of IPC response efforts to COVID-19 pandemic in Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh to identify best practices, challenges, and recommendations for improvement of the current and future responses.Methods: Two meetings were conducted with a total of 54 participants purposively selected from different organizations and agencies that had been involved in frontline implementation of IPC in Cox’s Bazar district. We used the IPC trigger questions from the WHO country COVID-19 IAR: trigger question database to guide the discussions. Meetings notes and transcripts were analysed manually using content analysis and results presented in text and quotes.Results: Best practices included: assessments, response plan, working group, trainings, early case identification and isolation, hand hygiene in HFs, monitoring and feedback, general masking in HFs, supportive supervision, design, infrastructure and environmental controls in Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Isolation and Treatment Centres (SARI ITCs) and HFs and waste management. Challenges included: frequent breakdown of incinerators, limited PPE supply, inconsistent adherence to IPC, lack of working uniforms and lack of culture- and gender adapted work uniforms and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Recommendations were: institutionalization of IPC, establishment of IPC monitoring mechanisms in all HCFs, strengthening IPC education and training and public health and social measures in communities. Conclusion: IPC monitoring and continuous training provides critical support in promoting consistent and adaptive IPC implementation. Response to pandemic crisis combined with concurrent emergencies, like a protracted displacement with many, diverse actors, can only be successful with highly coordinated planning, leadership, resource mobilization and close supervision.
Features of the treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy
Authors: Tyutyunnik V. L. , Mikhailova O. I. , Kan N. E. , Mirzabekova D. D. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the population ranges from 12 to 80% and depends on the cohort of examined women. Of the total confirmed cases, 37-40% are pregnant women.Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study included 43 women at 22 to 30 weeks' gestation, divided into two groups: the treatment group consisted of 30 pregnant women diagnosed with BV, the control group comprised 13 pregnant women with normal vaginal microbiocenosis. To determine the antimicrobial activity of vaginal epithelium, samples of vaginal discharge were examined. The treatment was carried out using clindamycin according to the following regimen: 100 mg intravaginally per day at bedtime for 3 days.Results. The study results showed that the highest activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) was found in the group of healthy pregnant women, which accounted for 79.1%. In pregnant women with BV, the level of antimicrobial activity significantly decreased as compared with the group of healthy pregnant women as the severity of the disease increased, amounting to 44.5% in women with mild BV, 36.4% in women with moderate BV and 33.6% in women with severe BV. The level of antimicrobial activity in the group of pregnant women with BV, who received treatment with clindamycin significantly increased by almost two times from the baseline values and amounted to 86.1% in women with mild BV, 78.5% in women with moderate BV and 76.9% in women with severe BV.Conclusion. The production of endogenous antibiotics, AMP, provides adequate protection against infectious agents. After a course of therapy with clindamycin 100 mg intravaginally at bedtime for 3 days, the AMP level normalized 2 weeks after treatment.
Hemangioma of temporal bone: clinical case
Authors: Saydulaev V. A. , Diab K. M. , Daikhes N. A. , Garashchenko T. I. , Yunusov A. S. , Pashchinina O. A. , Umarov P. U. 
Published: August 2022

Vascular tumors often localized in the region of head and neck. Intraosseous hemangiomas localized mainly in the vertebrae and in the skull bones, but they are rarely found in the temporal bone. More often, intratemporal hemangiomas are localized in the internal auditory canal or in the area of the geniculate ganglion and Scarpas ganglion, due to the abundant blood supply of these areas. In other areas of the temporal bone, hemangioma is extremely rare. The symptoms depend on the localization and size of the tumor. The main clinical manifestations of the disease: facial nerve palsy, hemifacial spasm, cochleovestibular symptoms. The data of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non-specific. Angiography is recommended to identify the anatomical features of the vessels like aberrant internal carotid artery, high jugular bulb), the blood supply of the tumor and the possibility of embolization, which significantly reduces the risk of bleeding and damage to important anatomical structures of the temporal bone during surgery. Differential diagnosis is carried out with many diseases of the temporal bone: cholesteatoma, glomus tumor, shwannoma of the VII and VIII cranial nerves, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc. Surgical treatment is the method of choice and allows to completely resect the tumor. The article presents a clinical case of intratemporal hemangioma in a patient with a long term symptom of hearing loss.
Possibilities of personalized finite element segmental analysis of the cervical spine for predicting the course of dorsopathy
Authors: Yakovlev E. V. , Ovsepyan A. L. , Zhivolupov S. A. , Smirnov A. A. , Gnevyshev E. N. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The use of mathematical modeling methods in clinical practice will make it possible to identify the pathogenetic forms of dorsopathies and thus reasonably use the concept of targeted treatment in the management of patients of this category.Aim. To evaluate the possibilities of finite element segmental analysis of the cervical spine for personalized treatment and prediction of the course of dorsopathies.Material and methods. Based on the combined data of computed and magnetic resonance imaging of the patient (female, born in 1951), a model of the C5 – C7 segment was generated, including: vertebrae C5, C6, C7, IVD, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, two pairs of facet joints, spinal cord, nuchal ligament. Computer modeling and finite element method were used to analyze the stress-strain state of the cervical spine of a patient with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the C2 – C7 segments. In the Abaqus/CAE 6.14 software, finite element analysis of the C5 – C7 stress-strain state was carried out in the state of flexion, rotation and compression. The data obtained during compression were compared with previous experiments in silico and in vitro for the norm.Results. For each state, stress and displacement diagrams, load-displacement curves, stress profiles in the MPD were obtained. The axial mobility of the segment under compressive load is two times lower compared to the norm under the same boundary conditions and material models. The degree of involvement of the spinal cord in conflicts with the surrounding anatomical structures was studied. When the model was rotated to the right, conflicts were observed between the spinal cord roots and the bone structures of the vertebrae in the foraminal zones, as well as at the level of the C5 – C6 and C6 – C7 discs with the left posterolateral surfaces of the fibrous rings. When the model was turned to the left, conflicts of the spinal cord were observed in all foraminal zones, as well as at the level of the C6 – C7 disc with the left posterolateral surface of the fibrous rings. Based on the data on stresses in the studied segment, further development of dorsopathies and degenerative changes in the cervical spine was predicted.Conclusions. The use of finite element segmental analysis of the cervical spine creates objective prerequisites for the formation of a combined personalized treatment and prediction of the course of dorsopathies.
The influence of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the effectiveness of the treatment of acid-dependent diseases
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh Ju. L. , Smolnikova M. V. , Cherepnin M. A. , Maslennikova N. A. , Pavlova N. V. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In modern systematic reviews, there is a point of view that CYP2C19 polymorphism affects the results of treatment of peptic ulcer, erosive esophagitis and eradication of Helicobacter pylori.Оbjective. To evaluate the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the effectiveness of treatment with rabeprazole at a dose of 20 mg once a day in patients with GERD during 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Materials and methods. In total, the study included 75 patients with GERD (36 men and 39 women, mean age 41.7 ± 1.5 years). A clinical examination with the completion of standard questionnaires took place during three visits: before the start of treatment, after 2 and after 4 weeks of therapy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in all patients before treatment and in patients with esophagitis after 4 weeks of therapy. All patients received rabeprazole at a dose of 20 mg once a day. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 metabolizer genes was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ultrarapid, rapid, normal, intermediate and poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have been isolated.Results. Of the 75 patients examined, 8.0% of patients were ultrarapid metabolizers, 30.7% of people were rapid, 49.3% of individuals were normal, 10.7% of persons were intermediate, and 1.3% of patients were poor CYP2C19 metabolizers. Response after 4 weeks of treatment with rabeprazole 20 mg once daily was 94.4% for NERD and 90.5% for erosive esophagitis. In ultrarapid and rapid metabolizers of CYP2C19, a complete response to rabeprazole therapy was registered in 81.3% of NERD patients and in 84.6% of patients with erosive esophagitis.Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we obtained high efficacy of Razo® at a dose of 20 mg 1 time per day for the treatment of GERD in a group of patients with a predominance of rapid and normal metabolizers of CYP2C19.
A Second Look at a Mathematical Formulation of the Effectiveness of “Separation of Duties” as a Preventive Control Activity
Authors: Knisley Robert J. , Powell Dwayne , Stern Matthew T. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Barra, Savage, and Im (2020) provide a mathematical model showing separation of duties (SOD) increases fraud, contradicting widespread and long-held beliefs. This paper argues that Barra et al.'s (2020) controversial conclusion relies on unrealistic assumptions. In particular, we object to the assumption that any randomly formed collusion group of the right size can commit fraud. Instead, we argue that a group can only commit fraud if it controls the duties of authorization, record-keeping, and custody of assets. In addition, we argue that assigning equal probabilities to outcomes assumes away the very feature of SOD that decreases fraud risk; namely, SOD adds a point of failure by requiring the fraudster to recruit other employees. We nevertheless show that SOD can increase fraud risk when its implementation requires hiring many new employees. However, other controls can be combined synergistically with SOD to restore its fraud-decreasing ability.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada Guru-Guru SD Kecamatan Kota Gajah Lampung Tengah
Authors: Nelly Astuti  , Frida Destini  , Fadhilah Khairani  , Ika Wulandari Utamining Tias  , Amrina Izzatika  
Published: August 2022

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is aimed at finding solutions to social problems. CAR is carried out by starting with a systematic study of the problem. The results of this study are then used as the basis for overcoming these problems. In the process of implementing the plans that have been prepared, then an observation and evaluation is carried out, the results of which are used as input to reflect on what happened at the implementation stage. The results of this reflection process then underlie efforts to improve and refine the next action plan. The above stages are carried out repeatedly and continuously until a quality of success can be achieved.Service activities carried out with the aim of understanding and knowing what and how CAR is and understanding the implementation of CAR and being able to carry it out. The targets are elementary school teachers located in Kotagajah District. The method used is the lecture method, question and answer method, and the method of giving examples. The expected condition after this service is an increase in the understanding and knowledge of teachers about what and how CAR is, what and how to make and implement CAR.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Bacterial Species in Litter of Selected Poultry Farms in Idi-Ayunre Community, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omeike Sunday O. , Koleoso Oluwasegun B. , Iboko Chidi J. , Aladegbaye Temitope A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The misuse and overuse of antibiotics within poultry sector of the animal agriculture threatens public health due to its aftermath effect arising from the release of resistant pathogens to the environment. This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility status of bacterial species isolated from litter of selected poultry farms within Idi Ayunre, a poultry-dense community in Oyo State. Poultry droppings (5 g) was collected each from six (6) randomly selected farms and bacteria isolated using Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI), MacConkey agar (MCA), Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and Salmonella Shigella agar (SSA) media respectively via pour plate technique. Bacterial isolates were identified via morphological and biochemical tests and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined via Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using multi-disc antibiotics. Farm A had highest Total Heterotrophic Count (THC, 8.43 Log10CFU/mL) and Total Enterobacteriaceae Count (TEC, 6.32 Log10CFU/mL). However, Farm C had lowest THC and TEC (7.18 Log10CFU/mL and 4.48 Log10CFU/mL respectively), while Farm B had lowest Total Coliform Count (TCC, 4.70 Log10CFU/mL) with the highest being Farm D (6.08 Log10CFU/mL). Also Farm D had the highest (8.15 Log10CFU/mL) Salmonella-Shigella Count (SSC) with Farm E having the lowest (4.85 Log10CFU/mL). Isolates obtained were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp, Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Enterobacter sp. and Shigella sp. Across the farms, S. aureus, Bacillus sp. and E. coli were isolated, while Shigella sp. was isolated only from Farm D. The bacteria isolates were found to be multidrug resistant towards the tested antibiotics, showing susceptibility only to gentamicin and ofloxacin. This study therefore showed that birds’ droppings from poultry farms in Idi Ayunre community serve as carrier of multidrug resistant pathogens. Hence, the need for a cautious use of antibiotics among Idi Ayunre poultry farmers.
Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Cigarette Beetle Control in the Tobacco Industry – A Mini Review
Authors: Edde Peter A. , Phillips Thomas W. 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The cigarette beetle (CB), Lasioderma serricorne (Cole-optera: Ptinidae), is a major insect pest to the tobacco industry worldwide. This insect is also a major pest of raw grains such as rough rice, and postharvest foods like certain high-value grain products like pet food, animal feed, breakfast cereals and various dried herbs and spices. Pest control methods and systematic integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required for the CB in the tobacco industry to prevent economic damage to cured tobacco leaves in storages as well as finished products in retail and distribution chains. This paper presents an overview of the problem of CB infestation in the tobacco industry and describes and discusses strategies and IPM practices for managing the pest.
Aplicação de polímeros biorreabsorvíveis em medicina cardiovascular
Authors: Brantis de Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Lucas Tiezi , Luz Ricardo Cadam , Vanoni Eduardo José Caetano , Guerreiro Milena Gonçalves , Camara Lucas Francisco Clemente , Lustri Wiltron Rogerio 
Published: August 2022

Biopolímeros são polímeros produzidos por várias espécies de organismos vivos incluindo microrganismos ou, até́ mesmo, obtidos sinteticamente. Os biopolímeros, quando comparados aos polímeros sintéticos, apresentam algumas vantagens, como estruturas bem definidas e de maior complexidade, degradabilidade e reciclabilidade, que determinam vantagens em seu uso. Seu emprego industrial é amplo e compreende materiais médicos, embalagens, cosméticos, aditivos para alimentos, tecidos, produtos para tratamento de água, plásticos de emprego industrial, absorventes, biossensores e dispositivos de armazenamento de dados. Neste cenário, diversos biopolímeros vêm sendo aplicados na medicina no preparo de implantes para reparo e substituição de ossos, olhos, orelhas, articulações de joelhos e quadril e, com destaque, para a confecção de implantes cardiovasculares como stents e valvas cardíacas. Dentre os diversos biopolímeros existentes, os polímeros biodegradáveis de poliésteres estão entre os mais utilizados na confecção de aparatos médicos, dentre os quais, destacam-se os derivados de Ácido poliláctico (PLA), Ácido Poliláctico-co-glicólico Poli-4-hidroxibutirato (P4HB), os quais, devidas as suas características de mecânicas e de biocompatibilidade e permitem um alto grau de modificações e seletividade para a produção de artigos médicos. Ainda, com os avanços científicos das últimas décadas, blendas diversas e modificações em sua estrutura/composição contornaram seus principais atributos adversos como a hidrofobicidade e a baixa adesão celular. Assim sendo, um volume substancial de pesquisas científicas vem sendo realizado para conferir aos poliésteres características específicas e distintas daquelas já comercialmente disponíveis. Esta revisão objetivou a produção, biocompatibilidade e na utilização de polímeros biodegradáveis preparados a partir de Ácido Polilático (PLA) e Poli-4-hidroxibutirato (P4HB), assim como em suas blendas com outros polímeros, na manufatura de stents e de substitutos para valvas cardíacas.