bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeologies of whiteness
Authors: Reilly Matthew C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the midst of ardent calls for decolonizing and building a more anti-racist archaeology, whiteness has gone largely unacknowledged in the history of disciplinary thought and practice. As a point of departure, this article asks: why are there so many White archaeologists? In addressing this question, I suggest that the development of early archaeological method and thought was deeply affected by White supremacy. In presenting the two case studies of Montroville Dickson and Flinders Petrie, I suggest that a radical new history of archaeology is needed if we are to build a more equitable, anti-racist field in the future. Central to this process to recognizing the role that whiteness has played and continues to play in archaeological practice and pedagogy.
Tolerance of southern highbush blueberry to 2,4-D choline postemergence-directed
Authors: Sims Kira C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Mitchem Wayne E. , Jordan David L. , Hoffmann Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractField studies were conducted on southern highbush blueberry in Elizabethtown and Rocky Point, NC, in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to determine tolerance to 2,4-D choline as a postemergence-directed application. In separate trials for younger and older bearing blueberry bushes, both 2,4-D choline rates and application timing were evaluated. Treatments included 2,4-D choline at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha–1 applied alone in winter during dormancy, and sequential treatments at 0.53 kg ae ha–1 followed by (fb) 0.53, 1.06 fb 1.06, 1.6 fb 1.6, or 2.13 fb 2.13 kg ae ha–1. The first application of the sequential treatments was applied in winter followed by another application in spring during early green fruit. Injury to blueberry from 2,4-D choline treatments was not observed for either maturity stage, and fruit yield was not affected by any of the treatments. Differences among treatments were not observed for fruit soluble solid content (SSC) in older bushes, or for fruit pH, SSC, and titratable acidity (TA) in younger bushes. In older bushes, fruit pH and TA had rate-by-timing interactions, and TA had a farm-year interaction with differences at Rocky Point in 2019 and Elizabethtown in 2020, but biologically no pattern was observed from the treatments.
Future Projection of Solar Energy Over China Based on Multi‐Regional Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Wu Jia , Han Zhenyu , Yan Yuping , Gao Xuejie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo support future solar energy deployment in China, long‐term changes in solar energy resources over China were investigated based on high‐resolution dynamical downscaling simulations under three emission scenarios. First, an evaluation of model performance was conducted through comparison with station and ERA5 data, which indicated that although consistent overestimation was found, the spatial distribution and intra‐annual variation of solar radiation were captured well by ensemble simulation, showing added value over regions with complex topography as well. Then, the trends of the solar power output from photovoltaic (PV) systems during 2020–2099 were projected, characterized by an increase in east and central China, and a consistent decrease in the solar‐energy‐abundant regions (e.g., northeast China, the Tibetan Plateau, and northwest China) under the three scenarios. Except for under the low emission scenario, the regional averaged trends of PV were projected to decrease consistently over China in all four seasons, with significant magnitude apparent in both spring and winter. In addition, a more intense magnitude of decline was found under the higher emission scenario, with more subregions with a significant trend and higher intra‐annual and inter‐annual variability. However, it seems that the emission scenarios impact the spatial pattern only remarkably in the late century, however strengthened the decreasing magnitude in all future periods. In addition, results indicate decline in the future PV potential over most of subregions of China due to reduced radiation and increased temperature, but for the decrease over Tibetan Plateau the reduced wind speed also act as an important factor.
Cause of a Lower‐Tropospheric High‐Ozone Layer in Spring Over Hanoi
Authors: Ogino S.‐Y. , Miyazaki K. , Fujiwara M. , Nodzu M. I. , Shiotani M. , Hasebe F. , Matsumoto J. , Witte J. , Thompson A. M. , Nguyen‐Thi H. A. , Nguyen T. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ozonesonde observations in Hanoi, Vietnam, over 14 years since 2004, have confirmed an enhancement in lower tropospheric ozone concentration at about 3 km altitude in the spring season. We investigated the evolution of the ozone enhancement from analysis of meteorological data, backward trajectories, and model sensitivity experiments. In spring, air masses over Hanoi exhibit strong height dependence. At 3 km, the high‐ozone air masses originate from the land area to the west of Hanoi, while low‐ozone air masses below about 1.5 km are from the oceanic area to the east. Above 4 km, the air masses are mostly traced back to the farther west area. The chemical transport model simulations revealed that precursor emissions from biomass burning in the inland Indochina Peninsula have the largest contribution to the lower tropospheric ozone enhancement, which is transported upward and eastward and overhangs the clean air intrusion from the ocean to the east of Hanoi. At this height level, the polluted air has the horizontal extent of about 20° in longitude and latitude. The polluted air observed in Hanoi is transported further east and widely spread over the northern Pacific Ocean.
The Erosional and Depositional Potential of Holocene Tibetan Megafloods Through the Yarlung Tsangpo Gorge, Eastern Himalaya: Insights From 2D Hydraulic Simulations
Authors: Morey Susannah M. , Huntington Katharine W. , Turzewski Michael D. , Mangipudi Mahathi , Montgomery David R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProfound effects of episodic megafloods (≥106 m3/s) have been observed on Earth and Mars. Quaternary megafloods sourced from valley‐blocking glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau likely play an important role in the geomorphic evolution of the Yarlung‐Tsangpo Gorge and mountain landscape of the eastern Himalaya. We use the first 2D numerical simulation of a megaflood sourced from a reconstructed 81 km3 Tibetan lake to analyze flood hydraulics and examine the erosional and depositional potential of megafloods in mountain landscapes. The simulated flood has a duration >60 hr and a peak discharge of 3.1 × 106 m3/s. We find that the extent of inundated features like terraces, narrow valley sections, tight meander bends, and overtopped ridges influences locations of observed maximum depth (370 m), speed (76 m/s), and bed shear stress (>100 kPa), creating dynamic patterns of erosive potential. Consequently, it is difficult to predict local (≤1 km) patterns of megaflood erosional potential from either unit stream power or flood power from smaller magnitude outburst floods. However, both are useful when predicting regional (≥25 km) order‐of‐magnitude shifts in megaflood flood power. Portions of the flood domain downstream of the Gorge experience lower bed shear stresses and flood power <5 kW/m2, indicating potential for significant deposition. We suggest widespread deposition of boulders within the modern channel and fine‐grained particles on hillslopes during a megaflood likely impedes subsequent erosion and affects channel width and longitudinal form throughout the flood pathway. Our findings show the legacy of megaflooding in mountainous terrain includes both extensive erosion and deposition.
Elevated Nitrate Preference Over Ammonium in Aquatic Plants by Nitrogen Loadings in a City River
Authors: Guo Hao‐Ran , Wu Yun , Hu Chao‐Chen , Liu Xue‐Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAquatic plants are the dominant biota in retaining nitrogen (N) pollutants discharged into river ecosystems, but the sensitivity of plant N pools and N assimilation to riverine N loadings, which is essential for evaluating river biogeochemistry and functions, remains poorly understood. Here, concentrations and stable isotopes of N in river water and aquatic plants were measured along the Nanming River in Guiyang of southwestern China. Total N (TN) contents of aquatic plants increased, but the increments decreased with river N concentrations. The δ15N of plant TN decreased with sewage N loadings along the river, which revealed a distinct shift of plant N preference from ammonium to nitrate. Higher levels of nitrate reductase activity in plants at the downstream river section supported the elevated nitrate preference and assimilation, which might explain the decreased nitrate concentrations observed in the river water of the downstream section. These findings contributed to understanding riverine N biogeochemical processes and their response to N loadings, which can help trace sewage N pollution and its ecological effects on river ecosystems.
Knowledge integration and decision support for accelerated discovery of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Youn Jason , Rai Navneet , Tagkopoulos Ilias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a machine learning framework to automate knowledge discovery through knowledge graph construction, inconsistency resolution, and iterative link prediction. By incorporating knowledge from 10 publicly available sources, we construct anEscherichia coliantibiotic resistance knowledge graph with 651,758 triples from 23 triple types after resolving 236 sets of inconsistencies. Iteratively applying link prediction to this graph and wet-lab validation of the generated hypotheses reveal 15 antibiotic resistantE. coligenes, with 6 of them never associated with antibiotic resistance for any microbe. Iterative link prediction leads to a performance improvement and more findings. The probability of positive findings highly correlates with experimentally validated findings (R2 = 0.94). We also identify 5 homologs inSalmonella entericathat are all validated to confer resistance to antibiotics. This work demonstrates how evidence-driven decisions are a step toward automating knowledge discovery with high confidence and accelerated pace, thereby substituting traditional time-consuming and expensive methods.
Effects of local compositional and structural disorder on vacancy formation in entropy-stabilized oxides from first-principles
Authors: Chae Sieun , Williams Logan , Lee Jihang , Heron John T. , Kioupakis Emmanouil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEntropic stabilization has evolved into a strategy to create new oxide materials and realize novel functional properties engineered through the alloy composition. Achieving an atomistic understanding of these properties to enable their design, however, has been challenging due to the local compositional and structural disorder that underlies their fundamental structure-property relationships. Here, we combine high-throughput atomistic calculations and linear regression algorithms to investigate the role of local configurational and structural disorder on the thermodynamics of vacancy formation in (MgCoNiCuZn)O-based entropy-stabilized oxides (ESOs) and their influence on the electrical properties. We find that the cation-vacancy formation energies decrease with increasing local tensile strain caused by the deviation of the bond lengths in ESOs from the equilibrium bond length in the binary oxides. The oxygen-vacancy formation strongly depends on structural distortions associated with the local configuration of chemical species. Vacancies in ESOs exhibit deep thermodynamic transition levels that inhibit electrical conduction. By applying the charge-neutrality condition, we determine that the equilibrium concentrations of both oxygen and cation vacancies increase with increasing Cu mole fraction. Our results demonstrate that tuning the local chemistry and associated structural distortions by varying alloy composition acts an engineering principle that enables controlled defect formation in multi-component alloys.
Protecting qubit coherence by spectrally engineered driving of the spin environment
Authors: Joos Maxime , Bluvstein Dolev , Lyu Yuanqi , Weld David , Bleszynski Jayich Ania 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern quantum technologies rely crucially on techniques to mitigate quantum decoherence; these techniques can be either passive, achieved for example via materials engineering, or active, typically achieved via pulsed monochromatic driving fields applied to the qubit. Using a solid-state defect spin coupled to a microwave-driven spin bath, we experimentally demonstrate a decoherence mitigation method based on spectral engineering of the environmental noise with a polychromatic drive waveform, and show that it outperforms monochromatic techniques. Results are in agreement with quantitative modeling, and open the path to active decoherence protection using custom-designed waveforms applied to the environment rather than the qubit.
An integrated network representation of multiple cancer-specific data for graph-based machine learning
Authors: Pu Limeng , Singha Manali , Wu Hsiao-Chun , Busch Costas , Ramanujam J. , Brylinski Michal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenomic profiles of cancer cells provide valuable information on genetic alterations in cancer. Several recent studies employed these data to predict the response of cancer cell lines to drug treatment. Nonetheless, due to the multifactorial phenotypes and intricate mechanisms of cancer, the accurate prediction of the effect of pharmacotherapy on a specific cell line based on the genetic information alone is problematic. Emphasizing on the system-level complexity of cancer, we devised a procedure to integrate multiple heterogeneous data, including biological networks, genomics, inhibitor profiling, and gene-disease associations, into a unified graph structure. In order to construct compact, yet information-rich cancer-specific networks, we developed a novel graph reduction algorithm. Driven by not only the topological information, but also the biological knowledge, the graph reduction increases the feature-only entropy while preserving the valuable graph-feature information. Subsequent comparative benchmarking simulations employing a tissue level cross-validation protocol demonstrate that the accuracy of a graph-based predictor of the drug efficacy is 0.68, which is notably higher than those measured for more traditional, matrix-based techniques on the same data. Overall, the non-Euclidean representation of the cancer-specific data improves the performance of machine learning to predict the response of cancer to pharmacotherapy. The generated data are freely available to the academic community at https://osf.io/dzx7b/.
An algorithm of calculating transport parameters of thermoelectric materials using single Kane band model with Riemann integral methods
Authors: Lin Fei-Hung , Liu Chia-Jyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop an algorithm called SKBcal to conveniently calculate within minutes the thermoelectric transport parameters such as reduced Fermi level (η), electronic thermal conductivity (κe), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), Hall factor (A), effective mass (m*), quality factor (β) and theoretical zT within the framework of single Kane band (SKB) model. The generalized Fermi–Dirac integral for SKB model is integrated by left Riemann integral method. A concept of significant digits of relative error is involved to determine the accuracy of calculation. Furthermore, a combined program of "For" and "While" is coded to set up an iteration for refining the reduced Fermi level. To easily obtain the quality factor, we re-derive the expression into a formula related to carrier mobility. The results calculated by SKBcal are consistent with the data reported in the literatures.
A method for continuous study of soaring and windhovering birds
Authors: Penn Matthew , Yi George , Watkins Simon , Martinez Groves-Raines Mario , Windsor Shane P. , Mohamed Abdulghani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAvian flight continues to inspire aircraft designers. Reducing the scale of autonomous aircraft to that of birds and large insects has resulted in new control challenges when attempting to hold steady flight in turbulent atmospheric wind. Some birds, however, are capable of remarkably stable hovering flight in the same conditions. This work describes the development of a wind tunnel configuration that facilitates the study of flapless windhovering (hanging) and soaring bird flight in wind conditions replicating those in nature. Updrafts were generated by flow over replica “hills” and turbulence was introduced through upstream grids, which had already been developed to replicate atmospheric turbulence in prior studies. Successful flight tests with windhovering nankeen kestrels (Falco cenchroides) were conducted, verifying that the facility can support soaring and wind hovering bird flight. The wind tunnel allows the flow characteristics to be carefully controlled and measured, providing great advantages over outdoor flight tests. Also, existing wind tunnels may be readily configured using this method, providing a simpler alternative to the development of dedicated bird flight wind tunnels such as tilting wind tunnels, and the large test section allows for the replication of orographic soaring. This methodology holds promise for future testing investigating the flight behaviour and control responses employed by soaring and windhovering birds.
Insights into the structure and function of the human organic anion transporter 1 in lipid bilayer membranes
Authors: Janaszkiewicz Angelika , Tóth Ágota , Faucher Quentin , Martin Marving , Chantemargue Benjamin , Barin-Le Guellec Chantal , Marquet Pierre , Di Meo Florent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe human SLC22A6/OAT1 plays an important role in the elimination of a broad range of endogenous substances and xenobiotics thus attracting attention from the pharmacological community. Furthermore, OAT1 is also involved in key physiological events such as the remote inter-organ communication. Despite its significance, the knowledge about hOAT1 structure and the transport mechanism at the atomic level remains fragmented owing to the lack of resolved structures. By means of protein-threading modeling refined by μs-scaled Molecular Dynamics simulations, the present study provides the first robust model of hOAT1 in outward-facing conformation. Taking advantage of the AlphaFold 2 predicted structure of hOAT1 in inward-facing conformation, we here provide the essential structural and functional features comparing both states. The intracellular motifs conserved among Major Facilitator Superfamily members create a so-called “charge-relay system” that works as molecular switches modulating the conformation. The principal element of the event points at interactions of charged residues that appear crucial for the transporter dynamics and function. Moreover, hOAT1 model was embedded in different lipid bilayer membranes highlighting the crucial structural dependence on lipid-protein interactions. MD simulations supported the pivotal role of phosphatidylethanolamine components to the protein conformation stability. The present model is made available to decipher the impact of any observed polymorphism and mutation on drug transport as well as to understand substrate binding modes.
Promotion of seed germination and early plant growth by KNO3 and light spectra in Ocimum tenuiflorum using a plant factory
Authors: Thongtip Akira , Mosaleeyanon Kriengkrai , Korinsak Siripar , Toojinda Theerayut , Darwell Clive Terence , Chutimanukul Preuk , Chutimanukul Panita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) is a novel cultivation system of agriculture technology for crop production under controlled-environment conditions. However, there are a number of issues relating to low quality of seed germination and seedling vigor that lead to decreased crop yields. The present study investigates the optimal KNO3 concentration for seed germination, and the influence of different light spectra on early plant growth in holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) under a PFAL system. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of KNO3 concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) on germination of seeds primed for 24 h under white Light emitting diodes (LED). Results show that sowing holy basil seeds in 0.4% KNO3 enhanced seed germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI), while decreasing mean germination time (MGT). Experiment 2 investigated the effect of four light spectra on seed germination and early plant growth by sowing with 0 and 0.4% KNO3 and germinating for 15 days continuously under different monochromatic light settings: white, red, green and blue in PFAL. It was found that the green spectrum positively affected shoot and root length, and also decreased shortened MGT at 0 and 0.4% KNO3 when compared with other light treatments. Additionally, pre-cultivated seedlings under the green spectrum showed significant improvement in the early plant growth for all holy basil varieties at 15 days after transplanting by promoting stem length, stem diameter, plant width, fresh weights of shoot and root, and dry weights of shoot and root. These findings could be useful in developing seed priming and light treatments to enhance seed germination and seedling quality of holy basil resulting in increased crop production under PFAL.
In-situ scalable manufacturing of Epstein–Barr virus-specific T-cells using bioreactor with an expandable culture area (BECA)
Authors: Chen Sixun , Bin Abdul Rahim Ahmad Amirul , Wang Who-Whong , Cheong Rachael , Prabhu Akshaya V. , Tan Jerome Zu Yao , Naing May Win , Toh Han Chong , Liu Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ex-vivo expansion of antigen-specific T-cells for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy requires active interaction between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells therefore culture density and environment become important variables to control. Maintenance of culture density in a static environment is traditionally performed by the expansion of the culture area through splitting of culture from a single vessel into multiple vessels—a highly laborious process. This study aims to validate the use and efficacy of a novel bioreactor, bioreactor with an expandable culture area—dual chamber (BECA-D), that was designed and developed with a cell chamber with expandable culture area (12–108 cm2) and a separate media chamber to allow for in-situ scaling of culture with maintenance of optimum culture density and improved nutrient and gas exchange while minimizing disturbance to the culture. The performance of BECA-D in the culture of Epstein–Barr virus-specific T-cells (EBVSTs) was compared to the 24-well plate. BECA-D had 0.9–9.7 times the average culture yield of the 24-well plates across 5 donor sets. BECA-D was able to maintain the culture environment with relatively stable glucose and lactate levels as the culture expanded. This study concludes that BECA-D can support the culture of ex-vivo EBVSTs with lower manufacturing labour and time requirements compared to the use of the 24-well plate. BECA-D and its adaptation into a closed system with an automated platform (currently being developed) provides cell therapy manufacturers and developers with a closed scale-out solution to producing adoptive cell therapy for clinical use.