bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
hERG Optimization of Benzofuro−Pyridine and Pyrazino−Indole Derivatives as MCHR1 Antagonists
Authors: Huszár József , Bozó Éva , Beke Gyula , Katalin Szalai Krisztina , Kardos Péter , Boros András , Greiner István , Éles János 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObesity is a global epidemic associated with multiple severe diseases. Several pharmacotherapies have been investigated including the antagonists of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1). The design, synthesis, and biological studies of novel MCHR1 antagonists based on benzofuro−pyridine and pyrazino−indole scaffold was performed. We confirmed that fine‐tuning lipophilicity and basic pKa by modifying the benzyl group and introducing different substituents on the aliphatic nitrogen sidechain decreases both hERG inhibition and metabolic clearance. We have succeeded to develop excellent in vitro parameters in the case of compounds 17 (4‐[(5‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)methoxy]‐1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐8‐oxa‐4‐azatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca‐1(13),2(7),9,11‐tetraen‐11‐yl]‐1,2‐dihydropyridin‐2‐one monohydrochloride) and 23 g (4‐[(5‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)methoxy]‐1‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrazino[1,2‐a]indol‐8‐yl)pyridin‐2(1H)‐one monohydrochloride), which can be considered as valuable tools for further pharmacological investigation.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Research: Methods and Approaches
Authors: Ogbogu Ubaka , Ahmed Natasha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe article provides an overview of select methodologies that are commonly used in ELSI (“ethical, legal, and social implications”) research. ELSI is a field that focuses on the analysis of the societal implications of cutting‐edge biomedical research and technologies. The article aims to provide an accessible reference on well‐established research methods that aspiring and seasoned ELSI researchers can rely on as a starting point for exploring how to design and conduct ELSI studies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An enhanced HFPA‐IHS‐ORP‐based optimization mechanism for efficient bandwidth allocation in software‐defined networks
Authors: Paulraj Jeyabharathi , Rajaram Mahalakshmi 
Published: January 2022

SummaryNowadays, due to the increased amount of network users and resources, some emerging technologies like big data and cloud have been developed. But managing these types of networks is more complex; in order to solve this issue, a software‐defined network (SDN) is developed for managing the network in a comfortable manner, in which maintaining load balance and energy efficiency of network is highly important to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, various optimization‐based algorithms are developed in the traditional works, but these lack with the limitations of increased network traffic and energy consumption. In order to solve these issues, an enhanced hybrid flower pollination algorithm (HFPA) with improved harmony search (IHS) is developed in this paper. It intends to obtain an improved resource utilization and reduced network load and delay by efficiently allocating the bandwidth to the network. Moreover, an optimal routing protocol (ORP) is employed to perform the data transmission with condensed network traffic. During experimentation, the performance results of the proposed algorithm are examined and compared with some traditional methodologies. From the results, it is noted that the proposed HFPA‐IHS‐ORP provides the better results than the existing methods.
Atypical histiocytoid cells in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Chen Yun‐An , Lin Shu‐Jiuan , Teng Hsin‐Yu , Yang Chi‐Shun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of cervical lymph nodes is an effective diagnostic tool to detect metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) when typical cytomorphologic features of PTC are observed. However, the presence of atypical histiocytoid cells (AHCs) due to cystic degeneration sometimes poses a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and cytomorphology of AHCs in metastatic PTC.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 76 FNA cytological samples of cervical lymph nodes from 66 patients with metastatic PTC diagnosed during approximately 10‐year period, from January 2010 to April 2020. Samples were either liquid based preparation (n = 53) or conventional smear (n = 23).ResultsAHCs were present in 38 (50%) of the 76 FNA cases and the remaining 38 cases showed classic PTC features. Among the 38 cases, eight displayed pure AHCs that constituted 10.5% of all the metastatic PTC in the lymph nodes. Pure AHCs were more commonly detected in the liquid based preparation (7/53, 13.2%) than the conventional smear (1/23, 4.3%). The remaining 30 cases had AHCs mixed with the characteristic PTC components. The presence of AHCs was found to be statistically associated with cystic background (p < .002).ConclusionMetastatic PTC frequently exhibits cystic degeneration and the FNA cytology may not yield classic cytological features of PTC. Pure AHCs composed 10.5% of all cases and might be a potential pitfall for liquid based preparation in diagnosing metastatic PTC. The finding of AHCs within the cystic background should raise the concern of metastatic PTC.
The iceberg phenomenon of alopecia associated public health ramifications on the quality of life among adults in India
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Shome Debraj , Atre Swarali Y. , Nagarsekar Aradhana , Gaunkar Ridhima , Kapoor Rinky , Doshi Komal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial implications and effect on the quality of life of individuals due to alopecia are underestimated. This article aims at highlighting its public health ramifications by assessing the quality of life and various factors influencing it.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted among 800 adult patients visiting four dermatological clinics in Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Bangalore. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scale and the Hair‐Specific Skindex‐29 (HSS‐29) scale were used. Demographic characteristics affecting alopecia were noted and Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig's classification was used for baldness classification in males and females respectively. SPSS software analyzed the data. Descriptive analysis through frequency distribution was calculated. χ2 test was computed. Unpaired t‐test compared the responses of males and females. p‐values < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe mean DQLI score were 14.57 ± 4.15 in females and 13.15 ± 3.18 in males. The mean HSS‐29 score for women (87.81 ± 15. 65) was significantly more than for men (77.81 ± 13. 28). The HSS‐29 index is further categorized into three domains. The “symptom” domain score for women was 19.89 ± 4.13 as opposed to 13.34 ± 2.86 of males. The “function” domain was more in males (34.71 ± 7.31) than females (32.74 ± 3.45). Women (35.18 ± 3.17) scored higher than men (29.76 ± 8. 83) in the “emotion” domain.ConclusionThe psychosocial impact of alopecia was greater in women than men. The mental health relevance and public health concern of alopecia need to be recognized and an inter‐disciplinary approach should be adopted for its resolution.
Evidence of requirement for homologous‐mediated DNA repair during Ambystoma mexicanum limb regeneration
Authors: García‐Lepe Ulises Omar , Torres‐Dimas Esteban , Espinal‐Centeno Annie , Cruz‐Ramírez Alfredo , Bermúdez‐Cruz Rosa María 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimb regeneration in the axolotl is achieved by epimorphosis, thus depending on the blastema formation, a mass of progenitor cells capable of proliferating and differentiating to recover all lost structures functionally. During regeneration, the blastema cells accelerate the cell cycle and duplicate its genome, which is inherently difficult to replicate because of its length and composition, thus being prone to suffer double‐strand breaks.ResultsWe identified and characterized two remarkable components of the homologous recombination repair pathway (Amex.RAD51 and Amex.MRE11), which were heterologously expressed, biochemically characterized, and inhibited by specific chemicals. These same inhibitors were applied at different time points after amputation to study their effects during limb regeneration. We observed an increase in cellular senescent accompanied by a slight delay in regeneration at 28 days postamputation regenerated tissues; moreover, inhibitors caused a rise in the double‐strand break signaling as a response to the inhibition of the repair mechanisms.ConclusionsWe confirmed the participation and importance of homologous recombination during limb regeneration. The chemical inhibition induces double‐strand breaks that lead to DNA damage associated senescence, or in an alternatively way, this damage could be possibly repaired by a different DNA repair pathway, permitting proper regeneration and avoiding senescence.
Non‐zero‐sum neutrality test for the tropical rain forest community using long‐term between‐census data
Authors: Takeuchi Yayoi , Ohtsuki Hisashi , Innan Hideki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor community ecologists, “neutral or not?” is a fundamental question, and thus, rejecting neutrality is an important first step before investigating the deterministic processes underlying community dynamics. Hubbell's neutral model is an important contribution to the exploration of community dynamics, both technically and philosophically. However, the neutrality tests for this model are limited by a lack of statistical power, partly because the zero‐sum assumption of the model is unrealistic. In this study, we developed a neutrality test for local communities that implements non‐zero‐sum community dynamics and determines the number of new species (Nsp) between observations. For the non‐zero‐sum neutrality test, the model distributed the expected Nsp, as calculated by extensive simulations, which allowed us to investigate the neutrality of the observed community by comparing the observed Nsp with distributions of the expected Nsp derived from the simulations. For this comparison, we developed a new “non‐zero‐sum Nsp test,” which we validated by running multiple neutral simulations using different parameter settings. We found that the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test rejected neutrality at a near‐significance level, which justified the validity of our approach. For an empirical test, the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test was applied to real tropical tree communities in Panama and Malaysia. The non‐zero‐sum Nsp test rejected neutrality in both communities when the observation interval was long and Nsp was large. Hence, the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test is an effective way to examine neutrality and has reasonable statistical power to reject the neutral model, especially when the observed Nsp is large. This unique and simple approach is statistically powerful, even though it only employs two temporal sequences of community data. Thus, this test can be easily applied to existing datasets. In addition, application of the test will provide significant benefits for detecting changing biodiversity under climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.
Soluble neprilysin and survival in critically ill patients
Authors: Lenz Max , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Brekalo Mira , Draxler Dominik F. , Pavo Noemi , Hengstenberg Christian , Huber Kurt , Hülsmann Martin , Heinz Gottfried , Wojta Johann , Speidl Walter S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) exhibit a high mortality rate irrespective of the initial cause of hospitalization. Neprilysin, a neutral endopeptidase degrading an array of vasoactive peptides became a drug target within the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The aim of this study was to analyse whether circulating levels of neprilysin at ICU admission are associated with 30 day mortality.Methods and resultsIn this single‐centre prospective observational study, 222 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary ICU at a university hospital were included. Blood was drawn at admission and soluble neprilysin levels were measured using ELISA. In the total cohort, soluble neprilysin levels did not differ according to survival status after 30 days as well as type of admission. However, in patients after surgery or heart valve intervention, 30 day survivors exhibited significantly lower circulating neprilysin levels as compared to those who died within 30 days (660.2, IQR: 156.4–2512.5 pg/mL vs. 6532.6, IQR: 1840.1–10 000.0 pg/mL; P = 0.02). Soluble neprilysin predicted mortality independently from age, gender, and commonly used scores of risk‐prediction (EuroSCORE II, STS‐score, and SAPS II score). Additionally, soluble neprilysin was markedly elevated in patients with sepsis and septic shock (P < 0.05).ConclusionAt the time of ICU admission, circulating levels of neprilysin independently predicted 30 day mortality in patients following cardiac surgery or heart valve intervention, but not in critically ill medical patients. Furthermore, patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock displayed significantly increased circulating neprilysin levels.
Severity Classification of Clinical Signs and Defining the Moribund State as an Experimental Endpoint for Acute Toxicity Testing Using Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Yamagishi Takahiro , Kawano Machi , Watanabe Haruna , Yagi Ayano , Shintaku Yoko , Ohno Koichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Use of the moribund state as an endpoint for acute toxicity testing in fish is complicated by the lack of consensus about the sublethal signs that define the state or that can predict imminent death. Defining the moribund state in fish requires determination of the association between each observable sublethal sign and transition to imminent death. To establish a criterion for defining the moribund state in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), we determined death/clinical-sign ratios, defined as the proportion of fish with each clinical sign that transitioned to imminent death, for 13 clinical signs observed in individually housed fish exposed to one of two typical toxicants, three pharmaceuticals, two pesticides, and one metal. Also, the time from onset of each clinical sign to transition to imminent death (referred to as the survival time) was determined by continuous monitoring. Three of the observed clinical signs—immobility, lethargy, and immobility at the surface—were found to be indicators of the moribund state, with each of these signs having a death/clinical-sign ratio of 1.0. Evaluation of the survival time after onset of the other 10 signs enabled determination of whether timely euthanasia would be appropriate, thereby providing a means of reducing the suffering of laboratory fish in the period before death. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1089–1095. © 2022 SETAC
Anti‐inflammatory actions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fetal mouse jejunum cultures ex vivo and immature small intestinal cells in vitro
Authors: Huang Shengnan , Gao Yanan , Wang Ziwei , Yang Xue , Wang Jiaqi , Zheng Nan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that frequently occurs in premature infants. Presently, there is no effective therapy for NEC. Therefore, the key to reduce the incidence rate of NEC is to take effective intervention measures as early as possible. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), the principal terminal products of enterobacteria fermentation, play anti‐inflammatory actions in mature intestinal cells. However, few studies focus on their roles in immature intestine. Here, we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory actions of SCFAs ex vivo with ICR fetal mouse jejunum cultures and explored the potential anti‐inflammatory regulators through RNA‐seq and then verified them in vitro with human fetal small intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells. In this study, we found that acetate, propionate, and butyrate decreased IL‐1β‐induced production of CXCL2 ex vivo and IL‐8 and IL‐6 in vitro significantly (p < .05). Furthermore, the inhibitors of NF‐κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways, which were selected from RNA‐seq and depressed by SCFAs, also significantly decreased IL‐8 and IL‐6 productions induced by IL‐1β (p < .05). Therefore, our results showed that acetate, propionate, and butyrate ameliorated the fetal small intestine inflammatory response induced by IL‐1β through inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway; NF‐κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways; or NF‐κB p65 and ERK1/2 pathways, respectively. These findings suggested that SCFAs may be a new therapy agent for NEC.
Perceived diversity norms, cultural identity styles and bicultural identity consolidation in two bicultural groups in Australia
Authors: Ng Tseung‐Wong Caroline , Dandy Justine , Lane Marguerite 
Published: January 2022

In this study, we investigate the relationships among contextual variables of perceived diversity norms‐ multiculturalism, assimilation and polyculturalism, identity styles and identity consolidation in bicultural Australians. The Multicultural Identity Styles Scale proposes two identity strategies, hybrid identity style (HIS) and alternating identity style (AIS) as processes through which individuals negotiate their bicultural identities. We test a model whereby perceived diversity norms predict bicultural identity consolidation directly and indirectly via HIS in samples of British (n = 195) and non‐British (n = 181) Australians. Participants (56.9% females, mean age = 41.52) completed an online survey on perceived diversity norms, the MISS and bicultural identity consolidation. Results showed that for non‐British Australians, there was a positive indirect effect of perceived multiculturalism norms on bicultural identity consolidation via HIS. Perceived assimilation was directly (and negatively) linked to bicultural identity consolidation but indirectly via HIS. In British Australians only perceived polyculturalism was directly and indirectly associated to bicultural identity consolidation via HIS, whereas perceived multiculturalism and assimilation norms were negatively associated to bicultural identity consolidation. The results are discussed in terms of the differential roles of perceived diversity norms on bicultural identity processes and consolidation relative to the nature of the cultural group.
Identification of white blood cells for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Roy Reena M. , Ameer P. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia includes identifying malignant white blood cells. Manual microscopic analysis of white blood cells is time‐consuming and involves the assistance of medical specialists, and its accuracy may be affected by their abilities. Our objective is to develop an automated system that can identify 15 categories of white blood cells to assist medical practitioners in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia. The proposed approach uses an ensemble model built with transfer learning‐based pre‐trained networks to categorize 15 kinds of white blood cells. An over‐sampling strategy is used to alleviate the problem of class imbalance, followed by data augmentation. For experimentation, a microscopic blood image dataset containing 18 365 cells images from 200 individuals representing 15 different forms of leukocytes is used. For cells with more than 400 images available, the suggested technique achieves an F1 score of more than 91%. Myeloblasts, which are frequent in myeloid leukemias and are detected in the peripheral blood, are recognized with an average precision of 95.74%. This work describes an image processing strategy that employs ensemble learning to assist in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia by classifying 15 different types of leukocytes. Experiments show that our technique is both practical and effective. Extensive research supports the use of the leukocyte classifier in real‐world medical applications, such as assisting clinicians in diagnosing diseases and decreasing human resource requirements.
Retracted: Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan‐salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity
Authors: Hachem Kadda , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Al‐Gazally Moaed E. , Riadi Yassine , Yasin Ghulam , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Abdulkadhm Mohammed Mustafa , Saleh Marwan Mahmood , Fenjan Mohammed N. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Dehno Khalaji Aliakbar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRetraction: [Kadda Hachem, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Moaed E. Al‐Gazally, Yassine Riadi, Ghulam Yasin, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohammed Mustafa Abdulkadhm, Marwan Mahmood Saleh, Mohammed N. Fenjan, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji, Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan‐salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2022, 69, 512‐521 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jccs.202100507)].The above article published online on 18 January 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202100507), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Jye‐Shane Yang, the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party regarding authorship for sale. During the publication process, the authors list was systematically and substantially manipulated. Unambiguous evidence was found that the majority of contributors do not fulfill contributorship criteria for this manuscript.