bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest in Home Birth During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Analysis of Google Trends Data
Authors: Cheng Ru‐fong J. , Fisher Alan C. , Nicholson Susan C. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionNearly all (94%‐99%) pregnant persons in developed countries search for pregnancy‐related information online. The advent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the associated restrictions in hospital policies may have pushed pregnant persons in the United States to consider giving birth at home to achieve their desired birth experience.MethodsGoogle Trends is an open, rich source of real‐time, anonymized, relative data on disease patterns and population behavior that provides data in the form of search volume index (SVI): the search volume for a queried term relative to overall search volume for a given time frame and geographic location. The SVI is normalized to a scale of 0 to 100. After the World Health Organization declared COVID‐19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, Google Trends was queried on February 21, 2021, for the search term home birth with location set to the United States and the time frame March 11, 2019 to February 21, 2021.ResultsThe median SVI for home birth during nominally pre‐COVID‐19 baseline (weeks of March 17, 2019 to March 8, 2020) was relatively constant at 43 (range, 25‐56) and increased sharply to 77 during the week of March 15, to 86 during the week of March 22, and peaked at 100 during the week of March 29, 2020. The SVI declined substantially in the following weeks but remained significantly elevated compared with baseline levels. During the approximate 2‐year period of query, the states with the highest SVI values (≥80) were Arkansas, Washington, Montana, and Georgia.DiscussionInterest in home birth spiked in the United States immediately after COVID‐19 was declared a pandemic and remained significantly elevated thereafter. These results have implications for caregivers and health systems to ensure safe pregnancies and childbirths through the resolution of the ongoing pandemic.
“When the surgery was over, I felt like the worst part had passed”: experiences of parents of children with craniosynostosis
Authors: Zerpe Anna S. , Nowinski Daniel , Ramklint Mia , Öster Caisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeParents of children scheduled for surgery often experience emotional distress and anxiety. This study aimed to explore parents' experiences of hospital care after their child's craniosynostosis surgery and their perception of support during the year after discharge.Design and MethodsA purposive sample of 19 parents of 12 children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, who had undergone surgery, was recruited from one of two national centers in Sweden. An interview was conducted ~1 year after the child's surgery, from September 2017 to August 2018. The interviews followed a semistructured interview guide, were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe analysis yielded six categories with subcategories as follows: (1) cared for and confident: the hospital staff was perceived as kind, professional, and reliable. (2) Alone and abandoned: sometimes, parents found it hard to initiate contact with professionals during hospitalization and after discharge. (3) The importance of information: thorough information was perceived as essential and the need for information varied during postsurgery period. (4) Feelings of worry: some parents remained worried about risks during recovery and were concerned about comorbidities and development. (5) Alright after all: parents felt that the worst part had been before surgery. (6) The need for support: parents were generally satisfied with the support offered and they often received support from family and friends, or other parents through social media/online forums.Practice ImplicationsHealthcare professionals must be responsive to what support parents need at different stages in the care process and be aware that parents sometimes hesitate to initiate contact and ask for help and support. Support from healthcare professionals to everyone in the follow‐up program, as a default, might be more accessible or acceptable for some parents. Providing online support from professionals should be considered and caregivers could also facilitate peer support among parents, either face‐to‐face or online.
Improvement of chronic HCV infection‐related depression, anxiety, and neurocognitive performance in persons achieving SVR‐12: A real‐world cohort study
Authors: Kaur Harmanpreet , Dhiman Radha K. , Kulkarni Anand V. , Premkumar Madhumita , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay Kumar , Grover Sandeep , Grover Gagandeep S. , Roy Akash , Verma Nipun , De Arka , Taneja Sunil , Mehtani Rohit , Mishra Saurabh , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with neuropsychiatric changes. Also, patients with cirrhosis may develop overt or minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Sustained virological response (SVR) with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) may improve the neuropsychiatric manifestations and quality of life (QoL). Consecutive patients (with and without cirrhosis, all genders and aged 18–65 years) with hepatitis C were assessed at enrolment and at 12 weeks after therapy completion for mood (Beck's Depression Inventory [BDI]), anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder [GAD‐7]), QoL (SF‐36 ver.2) and computer‐based tests for number connection (NCT), visual memory, Stroop test and reaction times. We recruited 385 viraemic chronic HCV patients (76.1% male, 21.0% cirrhotic, mean age 39.4 ± 14.2 years, 59.3% genotype 3, mean HCV RNA load 5.8 log). Overall SVR‐12 rates were 90.6%, with cure rates 87.6% and 91.4% in patients with and without cirrhosis, respectively. Patients who achieved SVR‐12 had mean percentage reduction in BDI (11.3%, p = .000), GAD (8.6%, p = .001) and Stroop test (58.4%, p = .001), with improved NCT (1.7%, p = .001), visual memory (13.7%, p = .001) and digit span (23.8%, p = .002). On multivariate logistic regression, adherence (OR, 17.5 [95% CI 2.80–110.50], p = .000), high ALT (OR 1.02 [95% CI 1.00–1.05]), and BDI score (OR 1.73 [95% CI 1.42–3.26] p = .039) predicted cure. SVR‐12 was associated with improved visual memory ≥5.5 (AUC‐0.708; sensitivity 62.5%, specificity 63%, p = .000) and % correct Stroop test responses >26.6% (AUC‐0.918, sensitivity 94.4% specificity 80.4%, p = .000). In conclusion, given the cumulative evidence of the safety of DAAs and efficacy of improving cognitive and neuropsychological and quality‐of‐life outcomes irrespective of age and gender, as shown in our study, future recommendations should focus on integrated universal HCV care to enable HCV elimination.
WolbachiawAlbB inhibits bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic fever viruses in Culicoides midge cells
Authors: Matthews Megan L. , Covey Hunter O. , Drolet Barbara S. , Brelsfoard Corey L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCulicoides midges are hematophagous insects that transmit arboviruses of veterinary importance. These viruses include bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic fever virus (EHDV). The endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis Hertig spreads rapidly through insect host populations and has been demonstrated to inhibit viral pathogen transmission in multiple mosquito vectors. Here, we have demonstrated a replication inhibitory effect on BTV and EHDV in a Wolbachia (wAlbB strain)‐infected Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones W8 cell line. Viral replication was significantly reduced by day 5 for BTV and by day 2 for EHDV as detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) of the non‐structural NS3 gene of both viruses. Evaluation of innate cellular immune responses as a cause of the inhibitory effect showed responses associated with BTV but not with EHDV infection. Wolbachia density also did not play a role in the observed pathogen inhibitory effects, and an alternative hypothesis is suggested. Applications of Wolbachia‐mediated pathogen interference to impact disease transmission by Culicoides midges are discussed.
Nitric oxide‐releasing nanomaterials: from basic research to potential biotechnological applications in agriculture
Authors: Seabra Amedea B. , Silveira Neidiquele M. , Ribeiro Rafael V. , Pieretti Joana C. , Barroso Juan B. , Corpas Francisco J. , Palma José M. , Hancock John T. , Petřivalský Marek , Gupta Kapuganti J. , Wendehenne David , Loake Gary J. , Durner Jorg , Lindermayr Christian , Molnár Árpád , Kolbert Zsuzsanna , Oliveira Halley C. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional gaseous signal that modulates the growth, development and stress tolerance of higher plants. NO donors have been used to boost plant endogenous NO levels and to activate NO‐related responses, but this strategy is often hindered by the relative instability of donors. Alternatively, nanoscience offers a new, promising way to enhance NO delivery to plants, as NO‐releasing nanomaterials (e.g. S‐nitrosothiol‐containing chitosan nanoparticles) have many beneficial physicochemical and biochemical properties compared to non‐encapsulated NO donors. Nano NO donors are effective in increasing tissue NO levels and enhancing NO effects both in animal and human systems. The authors believe, and would like to emphasize, that new trends and technologies are essential for advancing plant NO research and nanotechnology may represent a breakthrough in traditional agriculture and environmental science. Herein, we aim to draw the attention of the scientific community to the potential of NO‐releasing nanomaterials in both basic and applied plant research as alternatives to conventional NO donors, providing a brief overview of the current knowledge and identifying future research directions. We also express our opinion about the challenges for the application of nano NO donors, such as the environmental footprint and stakeholder's acceptance of these materials.
Does caring lead to stigmatisation? The perception of older people among healthcare professionals and the general population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Crutzen Coline , Missotten Pierre , Adam Stéphane , Schroyen Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is well recognised that healthcare professionals are particularly at risk for developing a negative perception of older people. Indeed, in addition to receiving education centred on a biomedical view of ageing, they are constantly exposed to the most vulnerable and dependent older individuals.AimThe purpose of our study is to compare the perception of older people between health professionals, working in a nursing home and the general population.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. The perception of older people was measured using two different instruments: the image‐of‐ageing question and the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) scale. We performed t‐test to compare the perception of older individuals between the general population and healthcare professionals.ResultsThe image‐of‐ageing question does not show any difference between the general population (n = 148) and healthcare professionals (n = 107). In these both groups, almost half of the words cited in reference to older individuals were negative. Concerning the ASD, results show that healthcare professionals have significantly more negative perceptions towards older individuals than the general population (with the control of age, gender and educational level).ConclusionHealthcare professionals seem to have a more negative view of older people than the general population. Their regular contact with the frailest older adults could explain this finding. Another hypothesis could be a non‐optimal quality of contact in nursing homes.Implications for practiceSuch results highlight the importance to promote a more holistic view of ageing in educational programs of healthcare professional. Improving the quality of contact with nursing homes residents should be strongly considered to reduce ageism among healthcare professionals.
Increasing floral visitation and hybrid seed production mediated by beauty mark in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Abid Muhammad Ali , Wei Yunxiao , Meng Zhigang , Wang Yuan , Ye Yulu , Wang Yanan , He Haiyan , Zhou Qi , Li Yanyan , Wang Peilin , Li Xianggan , Yan Liuhua , Malik Waqas , Guo Sandui , Chu Chengcai , Zhang Rui , Liang Chengzhen 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHybrid crop varieties have been repeatedly demonstrated to produce significantly higher yields than their parental lines; however, the low efficiency and high cost of hybrid seed production has limited the broad exploitation of heterosis for cotton production. One option for increasing the yield of hybrid seed is to improve pollination efficiency by insect pollinators. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a semidominant gene, Beauty Mark (BM), which controls purple spot formation at the base of flower petals in the cultivated tetraploid cotton species Gossypium barbadense. BM encodes an R2R3 MYB113 transcription factor, and we demonstrate that GbBM directly targets the promoter of four flavonoid biosynthesis genes to positively regulate petal spot development. Introgression of a GbBM allele into G. hirsutum by marker‐assisted selection restored petal spot formation, which significantly increased the frequency of honeybee visits in G. hirsutum. Moreover, field tests confirmed that cotton seed yield was significantly improved in a three‐line hybrid production system that incorporated the GbBM allele. Our study thus provides a basis for the potentially broad application of this gene in improving the long‐standing problem of low seed production in elite cotton hybrid lines.
Enriching Transactional Leadership with Public Values
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thu , Berman Evan M. , Plimmer Geoff , Samartini Andre , Sabharwal Meghna , Taylor Jeannette 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPast studies raise concerns that generic transactional leadership has low effectiveness and may reduce intrinsic motivations and commitments in the public sector. This study introduces public value‐focused transactional leadership (PVTL) as transactional leadership that makes public values central in employee job expectations and rewards and fills gaps in transformational leadership. A dyadic study finds that managers using public values in transactional leadership have significantly greater leadership effectiveness than managers using only generic transactional leadership. PVTL has comparable effectiveness as transformational leadership and adds a process for strengthening motivations through public values. Recommendations are made for application and further research into this distinctive public sector leadership style.
Eternalism and the problem of hyperplanes
Authors: Slavov Matias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEternalism is the view that the past, the present and the future exist simpliciter. A typical argument in favor of this view leans on the relativity of simultaneity. The ‘equally real with’ relation is assumed to be transitive between spacelike separated events connected by hyperplanes of simultaneity. This reasoning is in tension with the conventionality of simultaneity. Conventionality indicates that, even within a specific frame, simultaneity is based on the choice of the synchronization parameter. Hence the argument for eternalism is compromised. This paper lays out alternative eternalist strategies which do not hinge on hyperplanes. While we lack a rigorous proof for eternalism, there are still cogent reasons to prefer eternalism over presentism.
To default or not? The aftermath of sovereign defaults and IMF programs in economic crises
Authors: Malinen Tuomas , Ropponen Olli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEconomic crises are costly and highly disruptive, but does a sovereign default enhance or undermine economic recovery during the crisis? In this study, we approach this question by using a large dataset regarding economic crises after the Second World War. The results indicate that in terms of the real economy, domestic defaults tend to be followed by losses, especially in developing countries facing crises. Defaulting on foreign liabilities yields an equivocal economic outcome depending mostly on the level of economic development. Surprisingly, public debt seems to play no role in outcomes of defaults. We also analyse International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes and find that they provide a more favourable crisis outcome.
Simulation of Aerosol Dispersion During Medical Examinations
Authors: Falk Sebastian , Mueller Sarina K. , Kniesburges Stefan , Döllinger Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The main route of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus is airborne. The objective of this study is to analyze the aerosol dispersion and potential exposure to medical staff within a typical medical examination room during classical airway procedures. The multiphase simulation of the aerosol particles in the airflow is based on a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach. All simulation cases with surgical mask show partially but significantly reduced maximum dispersion distances of the aerosol particles compared to the cases without a surgical mask. The simulations have shown that medical examiners are exposed to a large amount of aerosol particles, especially during procedures such as laryngoscopy where the examiner's head is directly in front of the patient's face. However, exposure can be drastically reduced if the patient wears a mask which is possible for most of the procedures studied, such as otoscopy, sonography, or anamnesis.
Numerical Modeling of Atmospheric Rime Ice Accretion on an Airfoil Using an Eulerian Approach
Authors: Shad Arash , Sherif S. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to numerically simulate the inherently unsteady rime ice accretion problem on a two-dimensional airfoil and elucidate the associated variations under different icing conditions. The airflow field and the water impingement on the airfoil are obtained based on an Eulerian two-phase model. A dynamic mesh strategy is employed to unsteadily account for the changes in the ice profile and its impact on the air and droplet flow by continuously reconstructing the computational grid at each time-step through smoothing and layering mechanisms. All main icing modules including the airflow field, droplet trajectory, icing thickness profile, and mesh management are fully coupled within the same computational framework without resorting to any external tools. Classical icing theory is employed to model the rime ice roughness, and it is assumed that the ice accretes in a direction normal to the airfoil surface. The governing Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) conservation equations along with the energy and continuity equations are solved to produce the velocity and temperature fields. A convective film heat transfer coefficient is computed based on the surface heat flux and a recovery temperature which takes into account the dissipative heat release in the boundary layer in the vicinity of the airfoil surface. With the implemented strategy and calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient, the water film thickness is also calculated along with the ice shape. The model is validated by comparing the local collection efficiency distribution and ice shape with experimental data, and the results show that the implemented approach provides acceptable predictions of ice accretion profiles and rates.
High-Temperature Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718
Authors: Calvin Samuel S. , Arivarasu M. , Ram Prabhu T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The failure of turbine blades due to solid particle erosion is a serious concern in aviation applications. This research investigates the solid particle erosion behavior of laser powder bed fused IN718 alloy for the effect of temperature (400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C) and impact angle (45 deg and 90 deg) in a gas-jet erosion setup. The erosion rate progressively increased with the test temperature and it is significantly higher in the 45 deg eroded samples. The eroded samples were characterized for residual stress distribution, surface topography, and surface roughness using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 3D optical profilometer. Compressive residual stress is evident in all eroded samples, and higher residual stress is measured in the 90 deg eroded samples. Ploughing, crater lip formation, and cracking are the erosion features observed in the 45 deg eroded samples. In comparison, localized plastic deformation, platelet mechanisms, and cracked ridges are observed in the 90 deg eroded samples. Crack formation at 600 °C test condition is attributed to severe erosion degradation in both the impact conditions (45 deg and 90 deg). The as-printed and solution-double aged samples were thoroughly investigated for microstructure and microhardness distribution at the region parallel and perpendicular to the build direction.
Preschool to School-Age Physical Activity Trajectories and School-Age Physical Literacy: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Caldwell Hilary A.T. , Proudfoot Nicole A. , DiCristofaro Natascja A. , Cairney John , Bray Steven R. , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns across childhood and physical literacy have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to identify PA trajectories from preschool to school-age, and to determine if trajectory group membership was associated with school-age physical literacy. Methods: Participants (n = 279, 4.5 [0.9] y old, 48% girls) enrolled in this study and completed annual assessments of PA with accelerometry over 6 timepoints. Physical literacy was assessed at timepoint 6 (10.8 [1.0] y old). Group-based trajectory analysis was applied to identify trajectories of total volume of PA and of moderate to vigorous PA and to estimate group differences in physical literacy. Results: Three trajectories of total volume of PA and of moderate to vigorous PA were identified. Groups 1 (lowest PA) included 40% to 53% of the sample, groups 2 included 39% to 44% of the sample, and groups 3 (highest PA) included 8% to 16% of the sample. All trajectories declined from timepoint 1 to timepoint 6. School-age physical literacy was lowest in trajectory groups with the lowest total volume of PA or moderate to vigorous PA over time (P < .05). Conclusions: PA should be promoted across early and middle childhood, as it may play a formative role in the development of school-age physical literacy.