bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Leydig cells facilitate male sex hormone production
Authors: Ri Keiken , Lee-Okada Hyeon-Cheol , Yokomizo Takehiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHighly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are fatty acids with more than three double bonds in the molecule. Mammalian testes contain very high levels of omega-6 HUFAs compared with other tissues. However, the metabolic and biological significance of these HUFAs in the mammalian testis is poorly understood. Here we show that Leydig cells vigorously synthesize omega-6 HUFAs to facilitate male sex hormone production. In the testis, FADS2 (Fatty acid desaturase 2), the rate-limiting enzyme for HUFA biosynthesis, is highly expressed in Leydig cells. In this study, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FADS2 drastically reduces the production of omega-6 HUFAs and male steroid hormones in Leydig cells; this reduction is significantly rescued by supplementation with omega-6 HUFAs. Mechanistically, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; also called LIPE), a lipase that supplies free cholesterol for steroid hormone production, preferentially hydrolyzes HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters as substrates. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Leydig cells highly express FADS2 to facilitate male steroid hormone production by accumulating omega-6 HUFA-containing cholesteryl esters, which serve as preferred substrates for HSL. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized importance of omega-6 HUFAs in the mammalian male reproductive system.
Deep submarine infiltration of altered geothermal groundwater on the south Chilean Margin
Authors: Clementi Vincent J. , Rosenthal Yair , Bova Samantha C. , Thomas Elizabeth K. , Wright James D. , Mortlock Richard A. , Cowling Owen C. , Godfrey Linda V. , Childress Laurel B. ,   Expedition 379T Scientists, Aiello Ivano W. , Avila Alejandro , Biggs William , Charles Christopher D. , Cheung Anson H. , deLong Kimberly , Dove Isabel A. , Du Xiaojing , Estes Emily R. , Fuentes Ursula , García-Lasanta Cristina , Goldstein Steven L. , Golub Anna , Hagemann Julia Rieke , Hatfield Robert G. , Haynes Laura L. , Hess Anya V. , Irvali Nil , Kiro Yael , Monteagudo Minda M. , Lambert Jonathan E. , Li Chen , Longo William M. , McGrath Sarah , Riechelson Hailey , Robinson Rebecca S. , Sarao John , Sproson Adam D. , Taylor Shawn , Yokoyama Yusuke , Yu Siyao M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge is increasingly recognized as an important component of the oceanic geochemical budget, but knowledge of the distribution of this phenomenon is limited. To date, reports of meteoric inputs to marine sediments are typically limited to shallow shelf and coastal environments, whereas contributions of freshwater along deeper sections of tectonically active margins have generally been attributed to silicate diagenesis, mineral dehydration, or methane hydrate dissociation. Here, using geochemical fingerprinting of pore water data from Site J1003 recovered from the Chilean Margin during D/V JOIDES Resolution Expedition 379 T, we show that substantial offshore freshening reflects deep and focused contributions of meteorically modified geothermal groundwater, which is likely sourced from a reservoir ~2.8 km deep in the Aysén region of Patagonia and infiltrated marine sediments during or shortly after the last glacial period. Emplacement of fossil groundwaters reflects an apparently ubiquitous phenomenon in margin sediments globally, but our results now identify an unappreciated locus of deep submarine groundwater discharge along active margins with potential implications for coastal biogeochemical processes and tectonic instability.
Seasonal microbial dynamics in the ocean inferred from assembled and unassembled data: a view on the unknown biosphere
Authors: Debroas Didier , Hochart Corentin , Galand Pierre E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In environmental metagenomic experiments, a very high proportion of the microbial sequencing data (&gt; 70%) remains largely unexploited because rare and closely related genomes are missed in short-read assemblies. The identity and the potential metabolisms of a large fraction of natural microbial communities thus remain inaccessible to researchers. The purpose of this study was to explore the genomic content of unassembled metagenomic data and test their level of novelty. We used data from a three-year microbial metagenomic time series of the NW Mediterranean Sea, and conducted reference-free and database-guided analysis. The results revealed a significant genomic difference between the assembled and unassembled reads. The unassembled reads had a lower mean identity against public databases, and fewer metabolic pathways could be reconstructed. In addition, the unassembled fraction presented a clear temporal pattern, unlike the assembled ones, and a specific community composition that was similar to the rare communities defined by metabarcoding using the 16S rRNA gene. The rare gene pool was characterised by keystone bacterial taxa, and the presence of viruses, suggesting that viral lysis could maintain some taxa in a state of rarity. Our study demonstrates that unassembled metagenomic data can provide important information on the structure and functioning of microbial communities.
Global model of plasma‐activated water over long time scale: Pulsed discharge and afterglow
Authors: Ning Wenjun , Shang Hao , Ji Yiwei , Li Ronghui , Zhao Lihua , Huang Xiaolong , Jia Shenli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlasma‐activated water (PAW) has been utilised in various application fields, and a deep understanding on the plasma chemistry is the foundation of application‐orientated optimisation. In this paper, a global model is built to study the chemical properties of PAW produced by a dielectric barrier discharge that is powered by nanosecond voltage pulses. The applied voltage is firstly repeated with 10 kHz frequency for 100 s, and then shut down for 200 s afterglow, providing a long‐term evolution regarding the production and consumption of some typical reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) in PAW. The calculated results agree principally with experimental measurements from literature. During the pulsed discharge, the water gradually acidises, and the long‐lived species accumulate; while in the afterglow, most of the aqueous RONS decay rapidly, except for O3aq, , H2O2aq and N2Oaq, which might be the main sources to sustain long‐term effects. Furthermore, the effects of applied voltage and gap distance on RONS are investigated. Correlation analyses from Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that gaseous RONS are more sensitive to the gap distance, while the aqueous ones are more sensitive to the voltage amplitude, suggesting the possibility to independently regulating the gaseous and aqueous chemistry.
Correlation between antioxidant depletion kinetic model and ageing behaviour of cross‐linked polyethylene cable insulation
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Long Yiwei , Yi Delun , Zhang Haoran , Gao Jian , Wu Kangning , Li Jianying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA concise kinetic model catering for the antioxidant reaction of thermally aged cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation before its abrupt performance deterioration is proposed for life prediction and condition assessment. The alternating current breakdown strength, elongation at break, carbonyl index, and pyrolysis activation energy of XLPE insulation are found to consistently display an abrupt change at a certain point of ageing time. This is strongly correlated to the depletion of the antioxidant whose content gradually decreases with ageing time and drops to a critical value, after which the abrupt degradation of the above macroscopic performances happens. Based on the simplified chain reactions of XLPE during thermal‐oxidative ageing, a concise kinetic model about antioxidant prediction is accordingly established by solving the chemical kinetics equations. It indicates that the antioxidant content decays with the reciprocal of time before the abrupt degradation occurs. Results of antioxidant content predicted by the kinetic model at different temperatures matches well with the experimental results, and its reliability can also be proved by the Arrhenius relationship of the obtained results. The kinetic model proposed herein demonstrates satisfying conciseness and thus can be highly feasible in ageing condition assessment and life predicting of XLPE insulation.
Low‐cost solid‐state LiDAR/inertial‐based localization with prior map for autonomous systems in urban scenarios
Authors: Zhong Yihan , Huang Feng , Zhang Jiachen , Wen Weisong , Hsu Li‐Ta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA low‐cost and accurate positioning solution is significant for the massive deployment of fully autonomous driving vehicles (ADV). Conventional mechanical LiDAR has proven its performance, but its high cost hinders the massive production of autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a low‐cost LiDAR/inertial‐based localization solution for autonomous systems with prior maps in urban areas. Instead of relying on the costly mechanical LiDAR, this paper proposes to utilize the solid‐state LiDAR (SSL) with the prior map to estimate the position of the vehicle by matching the real‐time point clouds from the SSL and the prior map using the normal distribution transformation (NDT) algorithm. However, the field of view (FOV) of the SSL is signifcantly smaller than the conventional mechanical LiDAR, which can easily lead to failure during the NDT map matching. To fill this gap, this paper proposes to exploit the complementariness of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the SSL, where the IMU pre‐integration provides a coarse but high‐frequency initial guess to the map matching. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper, the authors collect the dataset in two typical urban scenarios through a pedestrian hand‐hold and a vehicle driving condition. The results reveal that the SSL‐only‐based localization is significantly challenged in dynamic scenarios. With the help of the IMU, the robustness of the proposed method is significantly improved, achieving an accuracy of within 0.5 m. To show the sensitivity of the SSL‐based map matching against the initial guess of the state, this paper also presents the convergence results of the map matching under different levels of accuracy in terms of the initial guess.
Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes following Severe Maternal Morbidity in an Urban Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Feng Alayna H. , Stanhope Kaitlyn K. , Jamieson Denise J. , Boulet Sheree L. 
Published: September 2022

Objective Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) may be associated with postpartum psychiatric morbidity. However, the direction and strength of this relationship remain unclear. Our goal was to estimate the association between SMM and postpartum inpatient mental health care utilization.
Study Design We examined all liveborn deliveries at a large, safety-net hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2013 to 2021. SMM at or within 42 days of delivery was identified using International Classification of Disease codes. The primary outcome of interest was hospitalization with a psychiatric diagnosis in the year following the delivery. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores to adjust for demographics, index delivery characteristics, and medical, psychiatric, and obstetric history. We fit log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results Among 22,233 deliveries, the rates of SMM and postpartum hospitalization with a psychiatric diagnosis, respectively, were 6.8% (n = 1,149) and 0.8% (n = 169). The most common psychiatric diagnosis was nonpsychotic mood disorders (without SMM 0.4%, n = 79; with SMM 1.7% n = 24). After weighting, 2.2% of deliveries with SMM had a postpartum readmission with a psychiatric diagnosis, compared with 0.7% of deliveries without SMM (aRR: 3.2, 95% CI: [2.0, 5.2]). Associations were stronger among individuals without previous psychiatric hospitalization.
Conclusion Experiencing SMM was associated with an elevated risk of postpartum psychiatric morbidity. These findings support screening and treatment for mild and moderate postpartum psychiatric disorders in the antenatal period.
Key Points
Zinc-Catalyzed Markovnikov-Type Hydroisothiocyanation of Alkenes with Ammonium Thiocyanate
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA ZnI2-catalyzed addition of ammonium thiocyanate to olefins in the presence of 4-toluenesulfonic acid and tetrabutylammonium iodide has been developed. The reaction proceeds by a Markovnikov-type process and a radical isomerization, and gives the corresponding isothiocyanates selectively and in good yields.
The 21st Century Cures Act: Perspectives of Clinicians in a Level-IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sullivan Anne H. T. , Healy Helen M. , DeGrazia Michele , Toole Cheryl , Hansen Anne , Leeman Kristen T. 
Published: September 2022

Objective Our objective is to describe the implications, anticipated and perceived, by providers in a level-IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with immediate patient access to inpatient notes and test results in the wake of the 21st Century Cures Act (CCA).
Study Design Using a mixed-method approach in February 2021, a preimplementation survey of neonatologists, neonatal fellows, nurse practitioners, and neonatal nurses reported their perspectives on the new 21st CCA and how they anticipated that it would change their practices, and the experience of families in the NICU. In the follow-up to implementation, a postsurvey was completed by staff reporting their experiences in July 2021. Thematic analysis was performed.
Results In the preimplementation survey, staff reported the greatest perceived benefits of the changes to be an increase in families' ability to be part of the care team and prepare questions, and faster discussion of results by the care team. Also, staff's highest concerns were that family members may incorrectly interpret results delivered electronically without the context provided by the care team and be overwhelmed by the amount of information available. In the postimplementation survey, staff reported that the Act had less impact on their practice than they had anticipated preimplementation.
Conclusion To maximize benefits and limit burdens to families and staff, care teams should consider a thoughtful approach to information sharing with family members in compliance with the 21st CCA.
Key Points
Conversion of Automated 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Interpretations to OMOP CDM Vocabulary
Authors: Choi Sunho , Joo Hyung Joon , Kim Yoojoong , Kim Jong-Ho , Seok Junhee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background A computerized 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) can automatically generate diagnostic statements, which are helpful for clinical purposes. Standardization is required for big data analysis when using ECG data generated by different interpretation algorithms. The common data model (CDM) is a standard schema designed to overcome heterogeneity between medical data. Diagnostic statements usually contain multiple CDM concepts and also include non-essential noise information, which should be removed during CDM conversion. Existing CDM conversion tools have several limitations, such as the requirement for manual validation, inability to extract multiple CDM concepts, and inadequate noise removal.
Objectives We aim to develop a fully automated text data conversion algorithm that overcomes limitations of existing tools and manual conversion.
Methods We used interpretations printed by 12-lead resting ECG tests from three different vendors: GE Medical Systems, Philips Medical Systems, and Nihon Kohden. For automatic mapping, we first constructed an ontology-lexicon of ECG interpretations. After clinical coding, an optimized tool for converting ECG interpretation to CDM terminology is developed using term-based text processing.
Results Using the ontology-lexicon, the cosine similarity-based algorithm and rule-based hierarchical algorithm showed comparable conversion accuracy (97.8 and 99.6%, respectively), while an integrated algorithm based on a heuristic approach, ECG2CDM, demonstrated superior performance (99.9%) for datasets from three major vendors.
Conclusion We developed a user-friendly software that runs the ECG2CDM algorithm that is easy to use even if the user is not familiar with CDM or medical terminology. We propose that automated algorithms can be helpful for further big data analysis with an integrated and standardized ECG dataset.
Redo Mitral Valve Replacement Using St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis via Transseptal Approach in a Patient with Degenerated Mitral Epic Bioprosthesis: A Video Presentation
Authors: Goja Shikha , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Raghuprakash Sumanth , Gupta Shradha , Sharma Shweta , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Chowdhury Ujjwal K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 58-year-old male patient with degenerated St. Jude Epic mitral bioprosthesis underwent successful mitral valve replacement using 29 mm St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis. Case history presented here to prevent organ injury via a transeptal approach for a degenerated epic bioprosthesis.
Technical Details of Redo Aortic Valve Replacement Using St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis in a Patient with Thrombosed Aortic Mechanical Prosthesis: A Video Presentation
Authors: George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Goja Shikha , Avneesh Sheil , Raghuprakash Sumanth , Gupta Shradha , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Chowdhury Ujjwal K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent consensus guidelines of the American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology uniformly recommend either type of prosthetic valve for patients aged between 60 and 70 years and mechanical prosthesis for patients aged less than 60 years. These recommendations are based on the results of randomized controlled trials that demonstrated no significant difference in late survival. Two of these trials compared mechanical and bioprosthetic valve models implanted in 1970s and 1980s. The other two trials included patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Contemporary data are limited to small single-center studies
Behavioral and emotional adaptations of obese and underweight students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ferraro F. Richard , Alsubaiei Sabrina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have investigated the effects of COVID-19 on the general population of college students. However, research evaluating the complex behavioral and psychological impact of the pandemic on both obese and underweight students is currently limited. We used data from a survey conducted from March to April 2020 across 2534 students enrolled in seven US universities. We examined whether the associations between taking various behaviors and being obese and underweight students are unidimensional, or varies based on various negative emotions, and their sociodemographic characteristics. Also, we checked whether emotions of obese and underweight groups are impaired, which consequently might impact taking various cautionary behaviors. The results highlight complex relationships between being obese and underweight students and other considered variables. For instance, despite the associated risk, it was found that obese students are associated with less fear, guilt and irritability due to the pandemic. However, those associations vary based on factors such as level of educations. In addition, while obese students are less likely to avoid a large group of people, the impact changes based on gender. Lack of precautions and emotions is despite the increased risk of hospitalization and death associated with obese and underweight groups. Finally, it was found that there are negative and stable associations between higher social class, income, and the lower likelihood of being obese or underweight. Significant differences and similarities were also found across factors to obese and underweight students.
Initial results from time-resolved LaBr based hard x-ray spectrometer for ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Purohit S. , Gupta M. K. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Mansuri I. , Bhandarkar M. , Shukla B. K. , Shah K. , Manchanda R. , Nagora U. C. , Pathak S. K. , Jadeja K. A. , Tanna R. L. , Ghosh J. ,   ADITYA-U Team
Published: September 2022

Runaway electrons (REs) are passively studied by hard x-ray (HX) emissions generated by REs. A LaBr3(Ce) detector-based HX spectroscopic diagnostic (operational within ∼75 keV to 3.5 MeV) has been set up on the ADITYA-U. The diagnostic acquisition software utility is upgraded to obtain the temporal evolution of the HX spectrum to understand the RE energy distribution in plasma during its various phases. The peak position moves to lower energy for Ohmically heated discharges (200–80 keV), indicating a relative increase in the thermal particle content in the plasma. The peak position of RE energy shows a decreasing tendency with increasing ne with Ne gas puffing and termination of the electron cyclotron resonance pulse.
An elderberry-supplemented diet improves spermatogenesis in mice with busulfan-induced azoospermia
Authors: Mafi Balani Mohammadreza , Ghafari Novin Mahsa , Sabbagh Alvani Mohammadamin , Raee Pourya , Afshar Azar , Aghajanpour Fakhroddin , Soltani Reza , Hassani Moghaddam Meysam , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Salimi Maryam , Hasani Ahad Hasan Seyed , Abdi Shabnam , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Aliaghaei Abbas 
Published: September 2022

Context Approximately 40–50% of all infertility cases are due to male infertility, and one of the most important causes of infertility is azoospermia. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of elderberry on the spermatogenesis process in the azoospermia mice model. Method Thirty adult male mice were randomised into three groups: control; busulfan (45 mg/kg); and busulfan + elderberry (2%), 6 mL orally per animal. Sperm samples were collected from the tail of the epididymis, and testis specimens were also collected and then subjected to sperm parameters analysis, histopathological evaluation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) measurement to determine the mRNA expression and hormonal assay. Conclusions It can be concluded that the elderberry diet may be considered a complementary treatment to improve the spermatogenesis process in busulfan-induced azoospermic mice. Implications Considering some limitations, the elderberry diet can be an alternate option for improving testicular damage following chemotherapy.
Sentence initial lexical bundles in Chinese and New Zealand PhD theses in the discipline of General and Applied Linguistics
Authors: Li Liang , Franken Margaret , Wu Shaoqun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lexical bundles are recurrent multiword combinations and often function as discourse building blocks. Lexical bundles have been analysed in university students’ writing to detect linguistic errors, measure writing competence, and investigate the divergence between L1 and L2 writing. Few studies, however, have focused on the high-stakes genre of PhD thesis and investigated the bundle productions of the same genre within the same level and discipline. This paper compares sentence initial lexical bundles in the corpora of English theses written by Chinese and New Zealand PhD students in the discipline of General and Applied Linguistics. Forty-six bundles from a Chinese corpus and forty-two bundles from a New Zealand corpus were generated. Among them, 94% of sentence initial bundles were identified as metadiscursive bundles. Chinese and New Zealand doctoral students showed considerably different preferences in their bundle selection. The paper examines the possible impact of these preferences and suggests there is a need to extend the metadiscourse knowledge of doctoral students in terms of lexical bundles.