bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall Control of White Grubs on a Golf Course At Syracuse, Ny, 1985
Authors: Baker P. B. , Villani M. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were applied to a fairway at Drumlins C.C. on Sept. 11 for control of a mixed population of European/Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (50%), annual bluegrass (45%), and broadleaf weeds (5%). The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft × 10 it. Thatch accumulation was ca. 0.25 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Grandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied with 3 gal of water through a watering can.
Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Southern Masked Chafer Grubs in Kentucky, 1985
Authors: Gordon F. C. , McClure T. W. , Potter D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was performed in a Kentucky bluegrass plot in Fayette Co., Ky. On 8 Aug, 84 6 × 6 inch turf/soil cores were removed from the plot and a 8 × 8 in section of fiberglass window screen placed over the hole. Each turf/soil core was fitted into a 6 × 7 inch (dia. × 1.) section of PVC pipe so the core bottom was flush with the bottom edge of the pipe. The pipe was then placed into the hole so that the screen covered the bottom of the pipe and soil. The plot was then irrigated for ca. 2h with a garden sprinkler. On 20 Aug, 2nd and 3rd instar southern masked chafer grubs were collected from soil in a neighboring, untreated, golf course. Ten grubs were placed in the confines of each cylinder and allowed to dig into the soil. Grubs remaining on the surface after 30 min were replaced. This was done mid-afternoon due to cool weather and overcast skies. Insecticide treatments were applied to individual cylinders on 28 Aug so that the plot contained 6 replications of treatments arranged as a RCB. The granular formulations were mixed with a small amount of dry sand and hand shaken into the cylinders.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Driving Range in Mifflin Co., PA, 1985
Authors: Heller P. R. , Eisner E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The golf course turf consisted of annual bluegrass (50%) and crabgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 6 × 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied 19 Aug with a CO2 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 35 psi with a 4 gal/ 1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were mixed with sand top-dressing to facilitate distribution. Then they were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental factors existed: air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1-inch depth, 68°F; soil type, silt loam; soil pH, 5.1; % organic matter, 2.6; soil condition, dry; % soil moisture, 16.8; amt thatch, 0.25-1.25 inches; water pH, slightly acidic; % RH, 65; and cloudy skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rain was recorded over the posttreatment period.
Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against June Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts Lawn, 1985
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were applied to a lawn maintained at ca. 2.5 inch on 6 Aug. Granular formulations were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid. Liquid formulations were applied with 3 qt of water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All tests were replicated 4 times in a CRB design. The test area received 0.75 inch irrigation (pH 6.8) immediately after application and 2.5 inch rainfall within 24 h after application. Plots were sampled 25 Sep. Two 1 sq ft sections of sod, ca 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge with Foliar Insecticides, Ft. Collins, CO, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently transplanted honeylocust trees were treated with insecticides 23 May in applications directed against the egg laying period of second generation honeylocust pod gall midge. All spray were applied at point of run-off. Plots were single tree, randomized in a complete block design with 4 replications.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge with Soil Applied Insecticides, Ft. Collins, CO, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wawrzynski Robert P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently transplanted honeylocust trees (‘whips’), 6-8 ft tall and approximately 1 inch diameter were treated with soil applications of liquid insecticides 26 Apr. Treatment timing was made approximately 2 wk prior to the first flush of new growth and the first appearance of the insect. Applications were made by injecting liquid formulations of the insecticides at a depth of 6-8 inches approximately 6 inches from the trunk base. Applications were split on both sides of the trees to increase uptake. Plot size was a single tree, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Tree counts of recent pod galls were made to coincide with the end of first generation (14 May), second generation (2 Jun) and third generation (25 Jun) pod gall production.
Bagworm Control on Juniper, 1985
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated by selecting 10-ft sections of a 200-ft row of similar size (8 ft) and infestation level. Insecticides were applied on 13 Jun using a 1-gal B&G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi and were applied to runoff. On 17 Jun mortality was determined by collecting 4 samples of 15 bagworms from each treatment and placing them in a biological incubator at 120°F for 30 min. Live larvae began moving rapidly and were counted. Temperature at time of treatment was 73°F and 0.18 inches of rainfall fell between application and evaluation.
Mite Control, 1985
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Williams M. L. , Miller G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested variegated liriope growing in 1-gal containers of an amended pine bark medium were selected for the foliar treatments listed. Miticides plus Chevron Spray Sticker (0.5 pt/100 gal water) were applied to all leaf surfaces to run-off with a hand-pumped, compressed air sprayer. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Live mites were counted 7 and 21 days after treatment with the aid of a Llanfair Orchard Leaf Brushing Machine and microscope. Each sample consisted of 3 randomly selected mature leaves per plant.
Orange Striped Oakworm Control on Willow Oak, 1985
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 8 Aug ‘85, 21 oak trees 5-7 ft tall in Virginia Beach, VA were ! reared to runoff using a 1-gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Larval counts of the treatments (3 replicates per treatment) were made 24 !i and 96 h posttreatment. Temperature at time of treatment was 80 F and .11 inches of rainfall fell between application and evaluation.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, Oklahoma, 1985
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Gladin Jodie , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants evaluated the effects of lx and 4x rates of Dursban 4E and Dursban 50W. Tests were conducted on 5 species of plants in duplicate trials in the greenhouse and on field plantings. Tests were conducted in a university greenhouse on the horticulture research farm at Stillwater, OK. Greenhouse plants were grown in 4 inch pots in amended Peat Lite (1:1:1 mix of peat moss, ground bark mulch and coarse vermiculite). The greenhouse and field plants were planted on 12 Apr. Each treatment rate was replicated 5 times, with 5 plants of each species per replicate. Treatments were made with a Monsanto 1-pt mist sprayer. All plants, including the checks, were treated to runoff. Check plants were treated with water. The experimental design was a randomized complete block. Greenhouse plants were placed on benches, watered as needed, and maintained at 65°F (day/night temperature). In the greenhouse, impatiens were grown under 30% shade.
Phytotoxicity of Experimental Synthetic Pyrethroids on Three Foliage Plants, Massachusetts Green-House, 1985
Authors: Mimms R. A. S. , Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were tested for phytotoxic effects on oval-leaf peperomia, Swedish ivy, and wandering Jew plants. Plants were grown in 4-inch standard pots, using 50% Metro Mix 350 and 50% sterilized field soil. Each insecticide was applied with 2-qt capacity hand pump sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Applications were made on 28 Jan and repeated on 11 Feb to 4 plants of each species. Plants were then placed randomly (within species) on benches. Phytotoxic responses were surveyed twice weekly for 6 wk after the first application.
Woody Ornamental Phytotoxicity Evaluations, Ft. Collins, Co. 1985
Authors: Epsky Nancy D. , Capinera John L. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Woody ornamentals were tested for sensitivity to insecticides, miticides and surfactants used for ornamental/shade tree pest control. Testing included seedling nursery stock, 3 mo to 1.5 yr old, and shrubs at the Colorado State Forest Service nursery; shrubs at the Plant Environmental Research Center; and trees on the Colorado State Univ campus. Seedling nursery stock received either 1 application (3 Sep), or 2 applications (3 Sep and 10 Sep). Mature trees and shrubs received 2 applications (12 Sep and 18 Sep). Concentrations of pesticides used were 4X label rates and were applied until point of run-off. Plants were evaluated 7 and 14 days after last application.
Argentine Ant Control on Protea, Hawaii, 1984
Authors: Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Durban 50WP and Dycarb 76WP were tested as a barrier treatment against Argentine ants foraging into protea flowers. Trees were pruned to assure no connection to the ground, except for the main tree trunk. Insecticides were applied on 17 Aug and 28 Sep around the base of the tree (1-ft radius on the ground to 1-ft above the base of the tree) with a compressed air sprayer equipped with a No. 8004 Teejet® nozzle. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 trees per treatment. Flowers were harvested weekly and observed for ants.
Control of Spruce Gall Midge in Southern ct 1983
Authors: Stephens G. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of spruce gall midge in commercial plantations of white spruce 1 to 2 m tall. Applications were made in either late Apr or early May, or at both times, in a randomized block experiment with 4 replications at Guilford and five at Middlefield. Insecticides at the rate of 1 lb (AI)/100 gal were applied to runoff with a Solo knapsack sprayer. The Apr treatment was applied when white spruce buds were swelling and bud scales were separating, and when adult midges were emerging and beginning to lay eggs; the May application was made when new shoots had elongated 1 to 2 cm. Infestation was rated 0 to 5: 0, no visible infestation; 1, very light visible infestation; 2, light infestation with some swollen shoots; 3, moderate infestation with noticeable swollen and stunted shoots; 4, severe infestation with many swollen, stunted shoots and some dead needles and shoots; 5, very severe infestation with many swollen, stunted and deformed shoots and abundant dead needles and shoots. Infestation on 1982 shoots was rated before treatment and only trees with a rating of at least 1 were treated.
Apple, Mid Season Acaricide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block design was used. Treatments consisted of single trees in each of 4 blocks. Trees were selected which had existent mite populations. These trees were sampled and numbers of mite per leaf determined. Trees were then divided into 4 blocks based on similarity of counts. Each treatment was then randomly assigned to a tree in each block (blocked by precount). Evaluations were by the following: From each tree 50 leaves were selected at random. Leaves were brushed in a mite brushing machine and resulting plates examined for ERM. Numbers were recorded as counts per 8 sections of the plate and converted to mites per leaf. Materials were applied in 138 gpa on 27 Jul.
Cattle-Hypoderma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Here-ford-Angus-cross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 liters/animal at &gt;1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Trixon X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages are effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/ treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number of untreated cattle.
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Host Tick, 1985
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), and the southern cattle tick, B. microplus (Canestrini), in colony at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Mission, TX, and the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens (Neumann), and the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), in colony at Kerrville, TX, are placed into cattle. Engorged females that detach naturally are tested. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient (AI), 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100. The compounds not soluble in xylene are usually formulated (14.3) AI) in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% AI; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. Prior to treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, and weighed. For treatment, groups of ticks are placed into 20-25 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 s and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks.
Evaluation of American Cyanamid Experimental Levamisole/Famphur Paste Administered Orally to Dairy Cattle for Lice Control, 1985
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental paste treatments consisting of amphur plus levamisole were administered orally to yearling dairy cattle in Montgomery Co, VA. The following treatment groups were established on 19 Feb 1985: A) untreated control: ca. 25 head of yearling cattle were administered an oral dose of 8 mg levamisole (Tramisol® gel) per kg body weight; B) 11.5% levamisole/28.8% famphur paste: ca. 35 head of yearling cattle were administered an oral dose of 8 mg levamisole plus 20 mg famphur per kg body weight; C) 5.75% levamisole/21.6% famphur paste: ca. 45 head of yearling cattle were administered an oral dose of 8 mg levamisole plus 30 mg famphur per kg body weight. Six animals from each group were individually identified and used for evaluation. Treatment groups were maintained in separate pastures to eliminate cross-infestation of lice.
Evaluation of Insecta Anti-Insect Paint for the Control of the Hide Beetle, 1985
Authors: Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six plywood panels (20.3 × 39.4 × 1.0 cm) were pretreated with a single coat of white latex paint. Each panel was then divided into two 17.8 × 20.3 cm sections separated by a 3.8-cm buffer. A 15.2-cm diam circle was drawn in the center of each section. Treatment and control circles were randomly assigned on each panel. Control sections were repainted with white latex paint and treatment sections were painted with Insecta latex paint (0.86% chlorpyrifos). Ten 10-day-old hide beetle adults and late stage larvae were confined to the treated and control surfaces of each panel with 15.2-cm diam organdy cloth covered embroidery hoops for either 2, 5, 12, 18 or 24 h. The hoops were held in place with rubber bands. Panels were tested weekly for 12 consecutive wk and at 16 wk posttreatment starting on 14 Jan. Mortality was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after the adults and larvae were removed from the treated surfaces.
Laboratory Evaluation of Igr’s and Toxicants Against the Larvae of the Oriental Rat Flea, 1985
Authors: Chamberlain W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10 g sample of a mixture of fine oven-dried sand and flea larval diet was placed in a 25-ml sere-capped vial. An appropriate concentration of technical IGR or toxicant in 500 μl of acetone was added to the mix; after stirring, the acetone was evaporated at room temperature. Twenty-four h later, 200 μl of water was added and stirred into the mix and 25 laboratory-reared, 2nd-stage larvae were added. Vials were covered with 0.3-mm mesh marquisette cloth and held in separate chambers at 75% RH, 26°/31° ± 1°C and corresponding 8/16 dark/light cycle. Each test was replicated 2 to 4 times. Control vials containing the sand-diet mix were treated with acetone only and handled in the same manner as test vials. At 30 days after establishment, the vials were examined. Any emerged fleas were killed with a drop of chloroform, and the number of cocoons and emerged fleas was counted. The highest concentration of toxicant tested was 100 ppm; dilutions to 0.002 ppm were tested, as needed to obtain reduced mortality.
Comparison of House Fly and Little House Fly Susceptibility to Plywood Panels Treated with Baythroid 2 and Ectiban WP, 1985
Authors: Meyer Jeffrey A. , Mellon Roni B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The following treatments were applied to plywood panels to the point of the runoff with a hand-held atomizer: 0.009% and Baythroid 2, 0.018% Baythroid 2, 0.036% Baythroid 2, and 0.1% Ectiban WP. Each treatment was applied to 2 identical panels (ca. 1 ft2) and bioassayed with adult house flies and little house flies. Flies utilized for bioassays were 1-wk old or less and originated from laboratory colonies. Fifty flies of each species were exposed to each of the two panels by confining them under screened jar rings, 3 inches in diam by 1 inch deep. Four rings were placed on each panel in predesignated areas; 25 flies of each species per ring. Mortality counts were taken at 24-h postexposure; panels were bioassayed at 7, 35, 70, and 90 days posttreatment. All panels were exposed to field conditions during the interim period between bioassays.
Apple, Summer Management of Pests, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Each plot contained 1 each of cultivars Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman, and Rome Beauty. Each plot was replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa, 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Tree canopy volume was 287,800 ft3/acre. The first 5 treatments were applied using the alternate side technique on the following dates: 4, 12, 19, and 27 Jun; 3, 9, 16, and 23 Aug. An application to both sides of trees was made on 30 Aug. The last 3 treatments were applied to both sides of the trees on the following dates: 4 and 19 Jun; 3, 16, and 30 Aug. Kelthane 4F (1420 ml/acre) was applied to 1 side of trees on 29 Jul. The effect of the treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree (cv. Delicious only), 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the mite predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on TABM was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and a picked sample of 100 apples/tree on the cvs. Golden Delicious and Stayman on 1 Oct. Pest pressure was heavy.
Apple, Herbicide Effects on Mites, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. , Varn M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2.5ha (1A) apple block at Steeles Tavern was put on a differential herbicide regime for the second year. Half of the block was treated with simazine, a herbicide which is nontoxic to AF. The remainder of the block was treated with simazine plus paraquat, a herbicide known to be toxic to AF. Applications were made on 13 May, using a power take off orchard weed sprayer. Label rates were used in (100 gal/A). Both treatments included X-77 surfactant at the rate of 62 ml/100 liters (8 oz/100 gal). Mites were sampled on 15 Jul and 23 Jul, using one 20-leaf sample from each of 6 trees per treatment.
Apple, Mite Control Trial, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. , Boucher J. , Varn M. , Smothers V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several acaricides were evaluated against mites in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. The block included cultivars ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Stayman’ and ‘York’. Four, single-tree replicates were used in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made on 3 Jun, using a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with handgun attachment. Trees were sprayed to drip (ca. 1869 liters/ha (200 gal/A)). Mites were evaluated using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate. Because of low ERM densities in all plots, a spray of fenvalerate (1.17 liters/ha (1 pt/A)) was applied on 16 Jul.