bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and clinical variables modifying the smoking‐related risk of low birth weight
Authors: Spinillo A. , Capuzzo E. , Iasci A. , Nicola S. , Piazzi G. , Baltaro F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical variables modifying the smoking‐related risk of low birth weight (<2500 g). Method: This case‐control study included a population of 967 singleton low birth weight deliveries and 967 selected controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to test statistical significance of the interactions between smoking in pregnancy and other risk factors for low birth weight. Results: Increasing maternal age and parity potentiate the smoking‐related risk of a low birth weight infant. The effect of maternal smoking on the risk of low birth weight was significantly increased in patients with a history of previous spontaneous abortion (excess risk 2.30, 95% C.I. 1.24–4.27) and in patients of high compared with patients of intermediate or low social class (excess risk 1.97, 95% C.I. 1.1–3.57). Smokers with less than two prenatal visits per trimester were at significantly greater risk of delivering a low birth weight infant (excess risk 2.36, 95% C.I. 1.14–4.87) than their counterparts with more frequent prenatal visits. Among clinical variables, the effect of maternal smoking on the risk of low birth weight was significantly increased in women with a history of first trimester hemorrhage during the current pregnancy (excess risk 2.67, 95% C.I. 1.30–5.49). Conclusions: The smoking‐related risk of low birth weight is very high in some subgroups of women. Identification of these subgroups could be important for prenatal counseling.
Ion Exchange in Nickel Biosorption by Seaweed Materials
Authors: Williams Ceri J. , Edyvean Robert G. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study focuses upon the nature of the biosorption of nickel by a brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima and two seaweed‐derived materials, dealginated seaweed waste and alginate fiber. An ion exchange relationship in the sequestration of nickel ions and the concomitant release of calcium ions has been identified. A millimolar equivalent relationship between nickel uptake and calcium release has been elucidated. Alginate fiber was found to adsorb nickel ions faster than either dealginate or E. maxima. This study is significant in that it sheds some more light on the chemical interactions that occur in biosorption processes. Full understanding of the mechanisms of biosorption and associated chemical interactions will allow the development of full‐scale wastewater treatment systems.
Spermosin, a trypsin‐like protease from ascidian sperm
Authors: Kodama Eri , Baba Tadashi , Kohno Nobuhisa , Satoh Sayaka , Yokosawa Hideyoshi , Sawada Hitoshi 
Published: July 2002

We have previously reported that two trypsin‐like enzymes, acrosin and spermosin, play key roles in sperm penetration through the vitelline coat of the ascidian (Urochordata) Halocynthia roretzi[Sawada et al. (1984), J. Biol. Chem.259, 2900–2904; Sawada et al. (1984), Dev. Biol.105, 246–249]. Here, we show the amino‐acid sequence of the ascidian preprospermosin, which is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the isolated cDNA clone. The isolated ascidian preprospermosin cDNA consisted of 1740 nucleotides, and an open reading frame encoding 388 amino acids, which corresponds to a molecular mass of 41 896 Da. By sequence alignment, it was suggested that His178, Asp230 and Ser324 make up a catalytic triad and that ascidian spermosin be classified as a novel trypsin family member. The mRNA of preprospermosin is specifically expressed in ascidian gonads but not in other tissues. Purified spermosin consists of	33‐ and 40‐kDa bands as determined by SDS/PAGE under nonreducing conditions. The 40‐kDa spermosin consists of a heavy chain (residues 130–388) and a long light chain designated L1 (residues 23–129), whereas the 33‐kDa spermosin includes the same heavy chain and a shorter light chain designated L2 (residues 97–129). The L1 chain contains a proline‐rich region, designated L1(ΔL2) which is lacking in L2. Investigation with the glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)–spermosin‐light‐chain fusion proteins, including GST–L1, GST–L2, and GST–L1(ΔL2), revealed that the proline‐rich region in the L1 chain binds to the vitelline coat of ascidian eggs. Thus, we propose that sperm spermosin is a novel trypsin‐like protease that binds to the vitelline coat and also plays a part in penetration of sperm through the vitelline coat during ascidian fertilization.
Genetic immunotherapy of established tumours with adenoviral vectors transducing murine interleukin‐12 (mIL12) subunits in a rat medullary thyroid carcinoma model
Authors: Zhang Rusheng , DeGroot Leslie J. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOBJECTIVEInterleukin‐12 (IL12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that plays an important role in the development of cellular immunity. Studies have demonstrated antitumour activity after systemic administration of recombinant IL12. As with other cytokines, with increasing dosage and longer exposure, systemic toxicity is observed. To reduce systemic toxicity and obtain local production of IL12, we developed a replication defective adenovirus transducing two subunits of the murine IL12 (AdCMVmIL12) gene.DESIGNTwo separate cassettes, expressing the p35 or p40 subunit of mIL12, under the control of human cytomeglavirus immediate early promoter, were inserted into the early1 (E1) region of adenovirus 5. Biological activity of virally expressed mIL12 was demonstrated in vitro through its ability to induce proliferation of mouse ConA blast cells.RESULTSRat medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cells infected with AdCMVmIL12 lost their tumorigenicity in their syngenic WAG/Rij rat hosts. Efficient antitumour activity was found after direct injection of the AdCMVmIL12 vector into rMTC tumours. After intratumoural treatment with AdCMVmIL12, 86% of tumour bearing animals were apparently cured, and almost all remaining tumours were stabilized. Challenge studies showed that most animals cured after the first treatment remained tumour free after reinjection of wild type rMTC cells, indicating that long‐term antitumour immunity developed.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the construction of an adenoviral vector expressing a functional heterodimeric mIL12 and its efficient antitumour activity after in vivo delivery in an animal model of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
The Mammalian Oviduct: Aspects on Auto‐and Paracrine Mechanisms
Authors: Einspanier R , Kettler A , Gabler C , Kloas W , Einspanier A , Schams D 
Published: July 2002

ContentsThis review will present a characterization of basic molecular processes in the mammalian oviduct. Oviducts of the cow (Bos taurus) were examined during the various cycle stages using a combination of cell biology‐ and molecular‐biology techniques [reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), RNase protection assay (RPA), immunohistology, radio‐immunoassay (RIA), receptor‐assay, cell culture]. In detail the oviductal expression of the following components was analysed: fibroblast (FGF) and vascular‐endothelial (VEGF) growth factor systems; extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes such as plasminogenactivator (PA) and matrixmetalloproteases (MMP), adrenergic receptors (α2 and β2 AdR) and an anti‐oxidative protein (glutathionperoxidase = GPx). A specific cycle‐dependant and local regulation of the expression could be demonstrated, not only for growth factors such as FGF1 and VEGF but also for ECM components. Remarkable progesterone‐dependent increases of the β2 adrenoceptor concentrations were found in the oviductal epithelium. New observations showed the presence of antioxidative enzymes (GPx) in the bovine oviduct possibly interacting with the gametes. Obviously, a network of local factors seems to influence the function of the oviduct, controlled by peripheral hormones. Cycle–dependent interactions between the growth factor, ECM and adrenergic systems will create the optimal environment for fertilization and early embryo development in the mammalian oviduct.
Differences in propensity for drinking alcohol are reflected in subunit‐ and region‐specific GABAA receptor levels
Authors: TYNDALE RACHEL F. , TOMKINS DENISE M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEnhancement of GABAA receptor activity within certain discrete brain areas can elicit increased ethanol consumption, supporting a regionally specific role for GABAergic mechanisms in modulating ethanol reinforcement. The present study investigated if rats, which were in the highest (HES) or lowest (LES) 15th percentile of ethanol self‐administration, had different GABAA receptor levels. MaleWistar rats (n=30) were trained to self‐administer ethanol for 8 weeks followed by assessment of GABAA receptor mRNAs. In the last operant session the HES rats (4/group) were consuming significantly more ethanol than the LES rats (1.31±‐0.31 g/kg versus 0.02±0.02 g/kg; p<0.001). Significant GABAA receptor mRNA differences were found between the groups, which were subunit‐ and brain region‐specific, with higher mRNA levels in the HES rats in the dorsal raphe (α2, α3, γ1), medial raphe (α3, α5, β1, β3, γ1), cerebellum (α1, α6, β3, γ2long) and hippocampus (β1, β3, γ1 and γ2long). The elevated cerebellum α1 mRNA level in the HES rats was confirmed using Western blotting (mean density units ±SEM; LES rats 0.460 ±0.005 versus HES rats 0.610 ± 0.006, p=0.03). These data suggest that the differences in GABA receptors were due either to the different propensities of the groups to consume ethanol or were caused by their differing ethanol exposure.
Language Development Following Brain Injury In Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Case Study
Authors: Trudeau Natacha , Poulin‐Dubois Diane , Joanette Yves 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe present longitudinal case study was designed to investigate the possibility that a traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurring during the second year of life, while significant lexical and grammatical competencies are emerging, could have an impact on subsequent language development. Thus, the language development of a very young girl (BL) who suffered a TBI at the age of 17 months was monitored for 6 months following the injury. Different procedures were used to measure her lexical and grammatical development: monthly parental checklists, free‐play sessions and word‐learning tasks. BLA's results were compared with two control groups (n = 5 and 9) matched for age and gender. Overall, the results are consistent with the classical view of acquired language disorders in children: despite an initial decrease in the use of her premorbid vocabulary, BL showed no durable significant impairment on any measure of lexical or grammatical development.
On quadrature convergence of extended Lagrange interpolation
Authors: Gautschi Walter , Li Shikang 
Published: July 2002

Quadrature convergence of the extended Lagrange interpolant

L

2
n
+
1

f

L_{2n+1}f

for any continuous function

f
f

is studied, where the interpolation nodes are the

n
n

zeros

τ
i

\tau _i

of an orthogonal polynomial of degree

n
n

and the

n
+
1

n+1

zeros

τ
^

j

\hat {\tau }_j

of the corresponding “induced” orthogonal polynomial of degree

n
+
1

n+1

. It is found that, unlike convergence in the mean, quadrature convergence does hold for all four Chebyshev weight functions. This is shown by establishing the positivity of the underlying quadrature rule, whose weights are obtained explicitly. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positivity are also obtained in cases where the nodes

τ
i

\tau _i

and

τ
^

j

\hat {\tau }_j

interlace, and the conditions are checked numerically for the Jacobi weight function with parameters

α
\alpha

and

β
\beta

. It is conjectured, in this case, that quadrature convergence holds for

|

α

|

≤

1
2

,

|

β

|

≤

1
2

| \alpha | \leq \frac {1}{2}, ~ | \beta | \leq \frac {1}{2}

.
Bounds for multiplicative cosets over fields of prime order
Authors: Powell Corey 
Published: July 2002

Let

m
m

be a positive integer and suppose that

p
p

is an odd prime with

p
≡
1
mod
m

p \equiv 1 \bmod m

. Suppose that

a
∈
(

Z

/

p

Z

)
∗

a \in (\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})^*

and consider the polynomial

x
m

−
a

x^m-a

. If this polynomial has any roots in

(

Z

/

p

Z

)
∗

(\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})^*

, where the coset representatives for

Z

/

p

Z

\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z}

are taken to be all integers

u
u

with

|

u

|

>
p

/

2

|u|>p/2

, then these roots will form a coset of the multiplicative subgroup

μ
m

\mu _m

of

(

Z

/

p

Z

)
∗

(\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})^*

consisting of the

m
m

th roots of unity mod

p
p

. Let

C
C

be a coset of

μ
m

\mu _m

in

(

Z

/

p

Z

)
∗

(\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})^*

, and define

|

C

|

=

max

u
∈
C

|

u

|

|C|=\max _{u \in C}{|u|}

. In the paper “Numbers Having

m
m

Small

m
m

th Roots mod

p
p

” (Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 61, No. 203 (1993),pp. 393-413), Robinson gives upper bounds for

M
1

(
m
,
p
)
=

min

C
∈
(

Z

/

p

Z

)
∗

/

μ
m

|

C

|

M_1(m,p)=\min _{\tiny C \in (\mathbb {Z}/p\mathbb {Z})^* /\mu _m }{|C|}

of the form

M
1

(
m
,
p
)
>

K
m

p

1
−
1

/

ϕ
(
m
)

M_1(m,p)>K_mp^{1-1/\phi (m)}

, where

ϕ
\phi

is the Euler phi-function. This paper gives lower bounds that are of the same form, and seeks to sharpen the constants in the upper bounds of Robinson. The upper bounds of Robinson are proven to be optimal when

m
m

is a power of

2
2

or when

m
=
6.

m=6.
Parusinski’s “Key Lemma” via algebraic geometry
Authors: Reichstein Z. , Youssin B. 
Published: July 2002

The following “Key Lemma” plays an important role in the work by Parusiński on the existence of Lipschitz stratifications in the class of semianalytic sets: For any positive integer

n
n

, there is a finite set of homogeneous symmetric polynomials

W
1

,
…
,

W
N

W_1, \dots ,W_N

in

Z
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

Z[x_1,\dots ,x_n]

and a constant

M
>
0

M >0

such that
\[

|

d

x
i

/

x
i

|

≤
M

max

j
=
1
,
…
,
N

|

d

W
j

/

W
j

|

,

|dx_i/x_i| \le M \max _{j = 1, \dots , N} |dW_j/W_j| \; ,

\]
as densely defined functions on the tangent bundle of

C

n

\mathbb {C}^n

. We give a new algebro-geometric proof of this result.
Exceptional Unitary Representations Of Semisimple Lie Groups
Authors: Knapp A. 
Published: July 2002

Let

G
G

be a noncompact simple Lie group with finite center, let

K
K

be a maximal compact subgroup, and suppose that

rank
G
=
rank
K

\text {rank }G=\text {rank }K

. If

G

/

K

G/K

is not Hermitian symmetric, then a theorem of Borel and de Siebenthal gives the existence of a system of positive roots relative to a compact Cartan subalgebra so that there is just one noncompact simple root and it occurs exactly twice in the largest root. Let

q

=

l

⊕

u

\mathfrak {q}=\mathfrak {l}\oplus \mathfrak {u}

be the

θ
\theta

stable parabolic obtained by building

l

\mathfrak {l}

from the roots generated by the compact simple roots and by building

u

\mathfrak {u}

from the other positive roots, and let

L
⊆
K

L\subseteq K

be the normalizer of

q

\mathfrak {q}

in

G
G

. Cohomological induction of an irreducible representation of

L
L

produces a discrete series representation of

G
G

under a dominance condition. This paper studies the results of this cohomological induction when the dominance condition fails. When the inducing representation is one-dimensional, a great deal is known about when the cohomologically induced representation is infinitesimally unitary. This paper addresses the question of finding Langlands parameters for the natural irreducible constituent of these representations, and also it finds some cases when the inducing representation is higher-dimensional and the cohomologically induced representation is infinitesimally unitary.
Differential operators on some nilpotent orbits
Authors: Levasseur T. , Stafford J. 
Published: July 2002

In recent work, Astashkevich and Brylinski construct some differential operators of Euler degree

−
1

-1

(thus, they lower the degree of polynomials by one) on the coordinate ring

O

(

O

min

(

g

)
)

\mathcal {O}(\mathbb {O}_{\min }(\mathfrak {g}))

of the minimal nilpotent orbit

O

min

(

g

)

\mathbb O_{\min }(\mathfrak {g})

for any classical, complex simple Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

. They term these operators “exotic” since there is “(apparently) no geometric or algebraic theory that explains them”. In this paper, we provide just such an algebraic theory for

s
l

(
n
)

{\mathfrak {sl}}(n)

by giving a complete description of the ring of differential operators on

O

min

(

s
l

(
n
)
)
.

\mathbb O_{\min }({\mathfrak {sl}}(n)).

The method of proof also works for various related varieties, notably for the Lagrangian submanifolds of the minimal orbit of classical Lie algebras for which Kostant and Brylinski have constructed exotic differential operators.
The shape of the Ford domains for Γ₀(𝑁)
Authors: Lascurain Orive Antonio 
Published: July 2002

This is a second paper on the Ford domains for the Hecke congruence subgroups

Γ
0

(
N
)
=

{

(

a

a
m
p
;
a
m
p
;
b

c

a
m
p
;
a
m
p
;
d

)

∈

S
L

(
2
,

Z

)
∣
c
≡
0

mod

N
}

.

\begin{equation*} \Gamma _0(N) = \left \{ \begin {pmatrix} a &amp; b \\ c &amp; d \end{pmatrix} \in \mathrm {SL}(2, \mathbb {Z}) \mid c\equiv 0 \mod N \right \}. \end{equation*}

The author establishes techniques to calculate the number of sides of these domains; in the process the shape of such polygons becomes apparent in many cases. Explicit formulas are given for numbers which have no more than four prime factors. The main result (Theorem 1) exhibits the existence of a universal symmetric polynomial which evaluated at

p
1

,

p
2

,
…
,

p
r

p_1,p_2,\dots ,p_r

yields the number of finite vertices of the Ford polygon for

Γ
0

(
N
)

\Gamma _0(N)

, for all numbers

N
=

p
1

p
2

⋯

p
r

N=p_1\,p_2\dotsb p_r

whose prime factors are larger than a constant which depends only on

r
r

. In all cases the formulas are in terms of symmetric polynomials which generalize the Euler

ϕ
\phi

function. The techniques developed to count the number of visible isometric circles show that the study of these circles might also be a useful tool to simplify or solve problems in number theory.
BAILII: Judgment Day and Beyond
Authors: Winterton Jules 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article by Jules Winterton, CEO of BAILII, is an expanded version of the presentation he delivered as the Willi Steiner Memorial Lecture 2022. The article briefly recounts the history of the British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) and its achievements, the features of the service and the challenges of publishing judgments. It sets BAILII in the context of recent government initiatives and outlines plans for the future of BAILII.
Training of Geogebra Software to Solve the Problems of Cube and Beam Space in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto
Authors: Muhammad Malim , Sugiyanto Sigit 
Published: August 2022

The development and progress of science and technology are experiencing a rapid increase, including in the field of education. Mathematics is one of the fields of study that is always taught at every level of school education. Along with the increasing development of science and technology, mathematics as a basic science has a very important role. The purpose of this study is to train SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto students to improve their practical ability, in this case, the use of the software GeoGebra. This study's subjects are the students and teachers of Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto. The study location is SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto, with around 44 persons. Implementation of the activities through presenting the material about the program GeoGebra in Cube and Beams in finishing materials. The results of service activities are to overcome the grasp of spatial skills and improve the ability of information and communication technologies in particular mathematical software, in this case, the use of the software GeoGebra as a medium of learning in solving mathematical material in particular, material Beam and Cube.
FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE FORESTRY SPECIALISTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY BASED ON META-SUBJECT INTEGRATION IN CLASSROOM AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors: Khryk Vasyl 
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the problem of the formation of readiness of future forestry specialists for professional activity on the basis of meta-subject integration in classroom and extracurricular activities. It is established that the training of future forestry specialists is based on the idea of integrating the efforts and capabilities of different objects and subjects of professional training, which provides for the interconnection of classroom and extracurricular activities. It is revealed that the effectiveness of training of future forestry specialists in classroom and extracurricular activities was provided by meta-subject integration which is the integration of educational material of disciplines of different scientific fields, synthesis of knowledge, skills, and competencies of higher education. It is proved that conducting integration classes on the basis of active teaching methods with the involvement of subject teachers allows to implement an integrative approach and to promote the readiness of future forestry professionals to work according to the following criteria: motivational-personal, cognitive-informational, and effective-practical. The use of methods of a problem statement, problem-solving and project method, etc. in the process of training allows considering potential possibilities of software on the basis of real, significant for the specialist of forestry professional situations, promoting the development of readiness.It is established that the formation of readiness of future forestry professionals for professional activities is achieved through the use of such forms and methods of organizing the educational process in classroom work as business games, defense of creative projects, case studies, teamwork, group discussions, independent work, and more. It is revealed that the current forms of extracurricular activities are electives, various forms of group and club work, quizzes, competitions, exhibitions, expeditions, tourist trips, tourist clubs, professional competitions, professional skills tournaments, and professional career passport development. A special place is given to manufacturing practice.
Keywords: formation; readiness; future specialists; forestry; professional activity; meta-subject integration; forms; methods; classroom and extracurricular activities.