bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription Factor Expression in Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB): Hyams’ Grades 1–3 ONBs Expand the Spectrum of SATB2 and GATA3-Positive Neoplasms
Authors: Uccella Silvia , Facco Carla , Chiaravalli Anna Maria , Pettenon Fabiana , La Rosa Stefano , Turri-Zanoni Mario , Castelnuovo Paolo , Cerati Michele , Sessa Fausto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSinonasal neuroendocrine neoplasms (SN-NENs) are rare and mostly include neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), whereas neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is exceptional in this site. Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a malignant neuroectodermal neoplasm arising in the nasal cavity. Albeit crucial for correct patients’ management, the distinction of high grade ONB from NEC is challenging and requires additional diagnostic markers. The transcription factor SATB2 has been recently introduced in routine diagnostics as an immunohistochemical marker of distal intestine differentiation. No specific data are available about SATB2 and GATA3 expression in SN-NENs. GATA3, SATB2, and, for comparison, CDX2 expression were investigated in a series of epithelial and non-epithelial SN-NENs. We collected 26 cases of ONB and 7 cases of epithelial SN-NENs diagnosed and treated in our Institution. ONBs were graded according to Hyams’ system and epithelial NENs were reclassified into 5 NECs, 1 MiNEN, and 1 amphicrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed using standard automated protocols. Hyams’ grades 1–3 ONBs stained diffusely and intensely for SATB2, whereas grade 4 ONBs and NECs were globally negative. The non-neuroendocrine component of MiNEN and the amphicrine carcinoma were strongly positive. GATA3 was heterogeneously and unpredictably expressed in Hyams’ grades 1–3 ONBs, whereas grade 4 ONBs and NECs were completely negative. CDX2 was negative in all cases. Our study identifies, for the first time, SATB2 and GATA3 expression as features of Hyams’ grades 1–3 ONBs, expands the spectrum of SATB2 and GATA3-positive neoplasms, and suggests that Hyams’ grade 4 ONBs are not only clinically but also biologically different from low graded ONBs.
„… move from this hellish life!“
Authors: Leitner Susanne , Jalalzai Saleem 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Text gibt Einblicke in die Lebenssituation (junger) Menschen, die als Binnenvertriebene in Camps in und um Kabul leben. Anhand von Interviews mit Helferinnen vor Ort werden insbesondere existentielle Notlagen sowie besondere Gefährdungen für Mädchen und Frauen dargestellt.
Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adolescents—a Live Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Li , Tang Kun , Irfan Omar , Li Xuan , Zhang Enyao , Bhutta Zulfiqar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
A multisystem inflammatory condition occurring in children and adolescents with COVID-19 has become increasingly recognized and widely studied globally. This review aims to investigate and synthesize evolving evidence on its clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients.

Recent Findings
We retrieved data from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO COVID-19 Database, Google Scholar, and preprint databases, covering a timeline from December 1, 2019, to July 31, 2021. A total of 123 eligible studies were included in the final descriptive and risk factor analyses. We comprehensively reviewed reported multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases from published and preprint studies of various designs to provide an updated evidence on epidemiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, management, and short-term outcomes. Latest evidence suggests that African black and non-Hispanic white are the two most common ethnic groups, constituting 24.89% (95% CI 23.30–26.48%) and 25.18% (95% CI 23.51–26.85%) of the MIS-C population, respectively. Typical symptoms of MIS-C include fever (90.85%, 95% CI 89.86–91.84%), not-specified gastrointestinal symptoms (51.98%, 95% CI 50.13–53.83%), rash (49.63%, 95% CI 47.80–51.47%), abdominal pain (48.97%, 95% CI 47.09–50.85%), conjunctivitis (46.93%, 95% CI 45.17–48.69%), vomiting (43.79%, 95% CI 41.90–45.68%), respiratory symptoms (41.75%, 95% CI 40.01–43.49%), and diarrhea (40.10%, 95% CI 38.23–41.97%). MIS-C patients are less likely to develop conjunctivitis (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.67), cervical adenopathy (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.68), and rash (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.77), in comparison with Kawasaki disease patients. Our review revealed that the majority of MIS-C cases (95.21%) to be full recovered while only 2.41% died from this syndrome. We found significant disparity between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries in terms of clinical outcomes.

Summary
MIS-C, which appears to be linked to COVID-19, may cause severe inflammation in organs and tissues. Although there is emerging new evidence about the characteristics of this syndrome, its risk factors, and clinical prognosis, much remains unknown about the causality, the optimal prevention and treatment interventions, and long-term outcomes of the MIS-C patients.
Head and Neck Characteristics as Risk Factors For and Protective Factors Against Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military and Sporting Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cooney Nicholas J. , Sowman Paul , Schilaty Nathan , Bates Nathaniel , Hewett Timothy E. , Doyle Tim L. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Investigators have proposed that various physical head and neck characteristics, such as neck strength and head and neck size, are associated with protection from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion).

Objectives
To systematically review the literature and investigate potential relationships between physical head and neck characteristics and mTBI risk in athletic and military populations.

Methods
A comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Potential studies were systematically screened and reviewed. Studies on military and athletic cohorts were included if they assessed the relationship between physical head-neck characteristics and mTBI risk or proxy risk measures such as head impact kinematics.

Results
The systematic search yielded a total of 11,723 original records. From these, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria (10 longitudinal, 12 cross-sectional). Relevant to our PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes) question, exposures included mTBI incidence and head impact kinematics (acceleration, velocity, displacement) for impacts during sport play and training and in controlled laboratory conditions. Outcome characteristics included head and neck size (circumference, mass, length, ratios between these measures), neck strength and endurance, and rate of force development of neck muscles.

Discussion
We found mixed evidence for head and neck characteristics acting as risk factors for and protective factors against mTBI and increased susceptibility to head impacts. Head-neck strength and size variables were at times associated with protection against mTBI incidence and reduced impact kinematics (14/22 studies found one or more head-neck variable to be associated with protection); however, some studies did not find these relationships (8/22 studies found no significant associations or relationships). Interestingly, two studies found stronger and larger athletes were more at risk of sustaining high impacts during sport. Strength and size metrics may have some predictive power, but impact mitigation seems to be influenced by many other variables, such as behaviour, sex, and impact anticipation. A meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogeneity in study design and reporting.

Conclusion
There is mixed evidence in the literature for the protective capacity of head and neck characteristics. We suggest field-based mTBI research in the future should include more dynamic anthropometric metrics, such as neck stiffness and response to perturbation. In addition, laboratory-based mTBI studies should aim to standardise design and reporting to help further uncover these complicated relationships.
Assessing Exposure to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development: Strengths, Challenges, and Implications for Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Deziel Nicole C. , Clark Cassandra J. , Casey Joan A. , Bell Michelle L. , Plata Desiree L. , Saiers James E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewEpidemiologic studies have observed elevated health risks in populations living near unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD). In this narrative review, we discuss strengths and limitations of UOG exposure assessment approaches used in or available for epidemiologic studies, emphasizing studies of children’s health outcomes.Recent FindingsExposure assessment challenges include (1) numerous potential stressors with distinct spatiotemporal patterns, (2) critical exposure windows that cover long periods and occur in the past, and (3) limited existing monitoring data coupled with the resource-intensiveness of collecting new exposure measurements to capture spatiotemporal variation. All epidemiologic studies used proximity-based models for exposure assessment as opposed to surveys, biomonitoring, or environmental measurements. Nearly all studies used aggregate (rather than pathway-specific) models, which are useful surrogates for the complex mix of potential hazards.SummarySimple and less-specific exposure assessment approaches have benefits in terms of scalability, interpretability, and relevance to specific policy initiatives such as set-back distances. More detailed and specific models and metrics, including dispersion methods and stressor-specific models, could reduce exposure misclassification, illuminate underlying exposure pathways, and inform emission control and exposure mitigation strategies. While less practical in a large population, collection of multi-media environmental and biological exposure measurements would be feasible in cohort subsets. Such assessments are well-suited to provide insights into the presence and magnitude of exposures to UOG-related stressors in relation to spatial surrogates and to better elucidate the plausibility of observed effects in both children and adults.
An iterative topic model filtering framework for short and noisy user-generated data: analyzing conspiracy theories on twitter
Authors: Kant Gillian , Wiebelt Levin , Weisser Christoph , Kis-Katos Krisztina , Luber Mattias , Säfken Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConspiracy theories have seen a rise in popularity in recent years. Spreading quickly through social media, their disruptive effect can lead to a biased public view on policy decisions and events. We present a novel approach for LDA-pre-processing called Iterative Filtering to study such phenomena based on Twitter data. In combination with Hashtag Pooling as an additional pre-processing step, we are able to achieve a coherent framing of the discussion and topics of interest, despite of the inherent noisiness and sparseness of Twitter data. Our novel approach enables researchers to gain detailed insights into discourses of interest on Twitter, allowing them to identify tweets iteratively that are related to an investigated topic of interest. As an application, we study the dynamics of conspiracy-related topics on US Twitter during the last four months of 2020, which were dominated by the US-Presidential Elections and Covid-19. We monitor the public discourse in the USA with geo-spatial Twitter data to identify conspiracy-related contents by estimating Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Topic Models. We find that in this period, usual conspiracy-related topics played a marginal role in comparison with dominating topics, such as the US-Presidential Elections or the general discussions about Covid-19. The main conspiracy theories in this period were the ones linked to “Election Fraud” and the “Covid-19-hoax.” Conspiracy-related keywords tended to appear together with Trump-related words and words related to his presidential campaign.
Vacuum-Formed 3D Printed Electronics: Fabrication of Thin, Rigid and Free-Form Interactive Surfaces
Authors: Hong Freddie , Tendera Luca , Myant Connor , Boyle David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVacuum-forming is a common manufacturing technique for constructing thin plastic shell products by pressing heated plastic sheets onto a mold using atmospheric pressure. Vacuum-forming is ubiquitous in packaging and casing products in the industry, spanning fast moving consumer goods to connected devices. Integrating advanced functionality, which may include sensing, computation and communication, within thin structures is desirable for various next-generation interactive devices. Hybrid additive manufacturing techniques like thermoforming are becoming popular for prototyping freeform surfaces owing to their design flexibility, speed and cost-effectiveness. This paper presents a new hybrid method for constructing thin, rigid and free-form interconnected surfaces via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing and vacuum-forming that builds on recent advances in thermoforming circuits. 3D printing the sheet material allows for the embedding of conductive traces within thin layers of the substrate, which can be vacuum-formed but remain conductive and insulated. This is an unexplored fabrication technique within the context of designing and manufacturing connected things. In addition to explaining the method, this paper characterizes the behavior of vacuum-formed 3D printed sheets, analyses the electrical performance of printed traces after vacuum-forming, and showcases a range of sample artefacts constructed using the technique. In addition, the paper describes a new design interface for designing conformal interconnects that allows designers to draw conductive patterns in 3D and export pre-distorted sheet models ready to be printed.
Assessment of wind and photovoltaic power potential in China
Authors: Wang Yang , Chao Qingchen , Zhao Lin , Chang Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecarbonization of the energy system is the key to China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the potential of wind and photovoltaic (PV) to power China remains unclear, hindering the holistic layout of the renewable energy development plan. Here, we used the wind and PV power generation potential assessment system based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) method to investigate the wind and PV power generation potential in China. Firstly, the high spatial-temporal resolution climate data and the mainstream wind turbines and PV modules, were used to assess the theoretical wind and PV power generation. Then, the technical, policy and economic (i.e., theoretical power generation) constraints for wind and PV energy development were comprehensively considered to evaluate the wind and solar PV power generation potential of China in 2020. The results showed that, under the current technological level, the wind and PV installed capacity potential of China is about 56.55 billion kW, which is approximately 9 times of those required under the carbon neutral scenario. The wind and PV power generation potential of China is about 95.84 PWh, which is approximately 13 times the electricity demand of China in 2020. The rich areas of wind power generation are mainly distributed in the western, northern, and coastal provinces of China. While the rich areas of PV power generation are mainly distributed in western and northern China. Besides, the degree of tapping wind and PV potential in China is not high, and the installed capacity of most provinces in China accounted for no more than 1% of the capacity potential, especially in the wind and PV potential-rich areas.
The impact of clinical risk conditions on influenza and pneumonia diagnoses in England: a nationally representative retrospective cohort study, 2010–2019
Authors: Pokutnaya Darya , Loiacono Matthew M. , Booth Helen , Williams Rachael , Ma Christopher , Parker James , Bricout Hélène , Farrow Susan , Nealon Joshua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The impact of influenza and pneumonia on individuals in clinical risk groups in England has not previously been well characterized. Using nationally representative linked databases (Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD), Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and Office for National Statistics (ONS)), we conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults (≥ 18 years) during the 2010/2011–2019/2020 influenza seasons to estimate the incidence of influenza- and pneumonia-diagnosed medical events (general practitioner (GP) diagnoses, hospitalisations and deaths), stratified by age and risk conditions. The study population included a seasonal average of 7.2 million individuals; approximately 32% had ≥1 risk condition, 42% of whom received seasonal influenza vaccines. Medical event incidence rates increased with age, with ~1% of adults aged ≥75 years hospitalized for influenza/pneumonia annually. Among individuals with vs. without risk conditions, GP diagnoses occurred 2–5-fold more frequently and hospitalisations were 7–10-fold more common. Among those with obesity, respiratory, kidney or cardiovascular disorders, hospitalisation were 5–40-fold more common than in individuals with no risk conditions. Though these findings likely underestimate the full burden of influenza, they emphasize the concentration of disease burden in specific age and risk groups and support existing recommendations for influenza vaccination.
Association of water intake and hydration status with risk of kidney stone formation based on NHANES 2009–2012 cycles
Authors: Wang Jie-Sian , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Chen Hung-Lin , Flores Martha , Navas-Acien Ana , Kuo Chin-Chi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:Evaluating the association of water intake and hydration status with nephrolithiasis risk at the population level.Design:It is a cross-sectional study in which daily total plain water intake and total fluid intake were estimated together with blood osmolality, urine creatinine, urine osmolality, urine flow rate (UFR), free water clearance (FWC) and urine/blood osmolality ratio (Uosm:Bosm). The associations of fluid intake and hydration markers with nephrolithiasis were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Setting:General US population.Participants:A total of 8195 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009–2012 cycles.Results:The population medians (interquartile ranges, IQR) for daily total plain water intake and total fluid intake were 807 (336–1481) and 2761 (2107–3577) ml/d, respectively. The adjusted OR (95 % CI) of nephrolithiasis for each IQR increase in total plain water intake and total fluid intake were 0·92 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·06) and 0·84 (95 % CI 0·72, 0·97), respectively. The corresponding OR of nephrolithiasis for UFR, blood osmolality, Uosm:Bosm and urine creatinine were 0·87 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·99), 1·18 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·32), 1·38 (95 % CI 1·17, 1·63) and 1·27 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·45), respectively. A linear protective relationship of fluid intake, UFR and FWC with nephrolithiasis risk was observed. Similarly, positive dose–response associations of nephrolithiasis risk with markers of insufficient hydration were identified. Encouraging a daily water intake of >2500 ml/d and maintaining a urine output of 2 l/d was associated with a lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis.Conclusion:This study verified the beneficial role of general water intake recommendations in nephrolithiasis prevention in the general US population.
Magnetization transfer imaging alterations and its diagnostic value in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Lei Du , Suo Xueling , Qin Kun , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Ai Yuan , Li Wenbin , Kuang Weihong , Lui Su , Kemp Graham J. , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMagnetization transfer imaging (MTI) may provide more sensitivity and mechanistic understanding of neuropathological changes associated with schizophrenia than volumetric MRI. This study aims to identify brain magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) changes in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and to correlate MTR findings with clinical symptom severity. A total of 143 individuals with antipsychotic-naïve FES and 147 healthy controls (HCs) were included and underwent 3.0 T brain MTI between August 2005 and July 2014. Voxelwise analysis was performed to test for MTR differences with family-wise error corrections. Relationships of these differences to symptom severity were assessed using partial correlations. Exploratory analyses using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier were conducted to discriminate FES from HCs using MTR maps. Model performance was examined using a 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Compared with HCs, individuals with FES exhibited higher MTR values in left thalamus, precuneus, cuneus, and paracentral lobule, that were positively correlated with schizophrenia symptom severity [precuneus (r = 0.34,P = 0.0004), cuneus (r = 0.33,P = 0.0006) and paracentral lobule (r = 0.37,P = 0.001)]. Whole-brain MTR maps identified individuals with FES with overall accuracy 75.5% (219 of 290 individuals) based on SVM approach. In antipsychotic-naïve FES, clinically relevant biophysical abnormalities detected by MTI mainly in the left parieto-occipital regions are informative about local brain pathology, and have potential as diagnostic markers.
Patients views on a new surveillance pathway involving allied non-medical staff for people with treated diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Prior Lindsay , Lois Noemi ,   on behalf of the EMERALD Study Group, Saad Ahmed , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Styles Caroline , Bailey Clare , McAuley Danny , Steel David H. , Ghanchi Faruque D. , Menon Geeta , Eleftheriadis Haralabos , Efraimidis Stefanos , Cook Jonathan , Wang Ariel , Sones William , Acharya Nachiketa , Lois Noemi , Waugh Norman , Mistry Hema , Maredza Mandy , Fatum Samia , Sivaprasad Sobha , Aldington Stephen , Scanlon Peter H. , Ivanova Katerina , Aslam Tariq M. , Chong Victor , Jackson Andrew , McNally Christine , Rice Rachael , Prior Lindsay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective
To explore acceptability by patients and health care professionals of a new surveillance pathway for people with previously treated and stable diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and/or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Subject/Methods
Structured discussions in 10 focus groups with patients; two with ophthalmic photographers/graders, and one with ophthalmologists, held across the UK as part of a large diagnostic accuracy study (EMERALD).

Results
The most prominent issues raised by patients concerned (i) expertise of the various professionals within clinic, (ii) quality of interactions with clinic professionals, especially the flow of information from professionals to patients, and (iii) wish to be treated holistically. Ophthalmologists suggested such issues could be best dealt with via a programme of patient education and tended to overlook deeper implications of patient concerns for the organisation of services.

Conclusion
For patients, the clinical service should not only include the identification and treatment of disease but also exchange of information, reassurance, and mitigation of anxiety. Alterations in the standard care pathway need to take account of such concerns and their implications, in addition to any assessments of ‘efficiency’ that may flow from changes in diagnostic technology, or the division of professional labour.