bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental variability as a predictor of behavioral flexibility in urban environments
Authors: Vardi Reut , Berger-Tal Oded 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal urbanization processes have highlighted the importance of understanding the effects of urban habitats on animal behavior. Behavioral changes are usually evaluated along an urbanization gradient, comparing urban and rural populations. However, this metric fails to consider heterogeneity between urban habitats that can differ significantly in their characteristics, such as their level of environmental variability. We suggest incorporating dimensions of environmental variability into the urbanization metric when evaluating behavioral changes. We tested the importance of both level of urbanization and level of urban change (i.e., the rate of anthropogenic changes measured as the change in the level of urbanization over time) on animals’ behavioral flexibility by comparing reversal learning abilities in house sparrows from sites differing in the rate of urbanization and urban change levels. We show that at least for males, urban change better explains levels of behavioral flexibility than urbanization level. We further show that urban change corresponds to other behavioral traits such as scrounging behavior and foraging activity. Thus, considering environmental stability and predictability in the form of urban changes can help better understand the mechanisms allowing behavioral changes and adaptations to urban environments. Evaluating the dynamics of the urban built environment could provide a better metric with which to understand urbanization effects on wildlife behavior and an important next step in urban ecology.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of ALPPS: experimental model
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Quan Zhen , Zheng Tongsen , Wang Kai , Liu Yang , Han Zhaoguo , Wang Xiance , Ma Shiling , Liu Lianxin , Lau Wan Yee , Sun Xilin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a two-stage strategy that may increase hepatic tumour resectability and reduce postoperative liver failure rate by inducing rapid hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR). Pathophysiological mechanisms after the first stage of ALPPS are poorly understood.

Methods
An ALPPS model was established in rabbits with liver VX2 tumour. The pathophysiological mechanisms after the first stage of ALPPS in the FLR and tumour were assessed by multiplexed positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and histopathology.

Results
Tumour volume in the ALPPS model differed from post-stage 1 ALPPS at day 14 compared to control animals. 18F-FDG uptake of tumour increased from day 7 onwards in the ALPPS model. Valid volumetric function measured by 18F-methylcholine PET showed good values in accurately monitoring dynamics and time window for functional liver regeneration (days 3 to 7). DCE-MRI revealed changes in the vascular hyperpermeability function, with a peak on day 7 for tumour and FLR.

Conclusion
Molecular and functional imaging are promising non-invasive methods to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALPPS with potential for clinical application.
NFE2L3 promotes tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Qian Jinqin , Huang Cong , Zhu Zhenpeng , He Yuhui , Wang Yang , Feng Ninghan , He Shiming , Li Xuesong , Zhou Liqun , Zhang Cuijian , Gong Yanqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The high incidence and vulnerability to recurrence of bladder cancer (BLCA) is a challenge in the clinical. Recent studies have revealed that NFE2L3 plays a vital role in the carcinogenesis and progression of different human tumors. However, the role of NFE2L3 in BLCA has not been elucidated. In this study, NFE2L3 expression was significantly increased in BLCA samples. Its high expression was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and metastasis-free survival in 106 patients with BLCA. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NFE2L3 knockdown inhibited BLCA cells proliferation by inducing the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, NFE2L3 overexpression promotes BLCA cell migration and invasion in vitro cell lines and in vivo xenografts. Moreover, we identified many genes and pathway alterations associated with tumor progression and metastasis by performing RNA-Seq analysis and functional enrichment of NFE2L3 overexpressing BLCA cells. Mechanistic investigation reveals that overexpression of NFE2L3 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition in BLCA cells with decreased expression of gap junction-associated protein ZO-1 and epithelial marker E-cadherin with the elevation of transcription factors Snail1 and Snail2. Finally, we performed a comprehensive proteomics analysis to explore more potential molecular mechanisms. Our findings revealed that NFE2L3 might serve as a valuable clinical prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in BLCA.
Differential gene expression in layer 3 pyramidal neurons across 3 regions of the human cortical visual spatial working memory network
Authors: Enwright III John F , Arion Dominique , MacDonald William A , Elbakri Rania , Pan Yinghong , Vyas Gopi , Berndt Annerose , Lewis David A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Visual spatial working memory (vsWM) is mediated by a distributed cortical network composed of multiple nodes, including primary visual (V1), posterior parietal (PPC), and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortices. Feedforward and feedback information is transferred among these nodes via projections furnished by pyramidal neurons (PNs) located primarily in cortical layer 3. Morphological and electrophysiological differences among layer 3 PNs across these nodes have been reported; however, the transcriptional signatures underlying these differences have not been examined in the human brain. Here we interrogated the transcriptomes of layer 3 PNs from 39 neurotypical human subjects across 3 critical nodes of the vsWM network. Over 8,000 differentially expressed genes were detected, with more than 6,000 transcriptional differences present between layer 3 PNs in V1 and those in PPC and DLPFC. Additionally, over 600 other genes differed in expression along the rostral-to-caudal hierarchy formed by these 3 nodes. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed enrichment of genes in V1 related to circadian rhythms and in DLPFC of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Overall, these results show robust regional differences in the transcriptome of layer 3 PNs, which likely contribute to regional specialization in their morphological and physiological features and thus in their functional contributions to vsWM.
Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines Among Incarcerated People in California State Prisons: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chin Elizabeth T , Leidner David , Zhang Yifan , Long Elizabeth , Prince Lea , Schrag Stephanie J , Verani Jennifer R , Wiegand Ryan E , Alarid-Escudero Fernando , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D , Studdert David M , Andrews Jason R , Salomon Joshua A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines may substantially reduce these risks, but evidence is needed on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for incarcerated people, who are confined in large, risky congregate settings.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), against confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among incarcerated people in California prisons from 22 December 2020 through 1 March 2021. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation provided daily data for all prison residents including demographic, clinical, and carceral characteristics, as well as COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and outcomes. We estimated vaccine effectiveness using multivariable Cox models with time-varying covariates, adjusted for resident characteristics and infection rates across prisons.

Results
Among 60 707 cohort members, 49% received at least 1 BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 dose during the study period. Estimated vaccine effectiveness was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64%–82%) from day 14 after first dose until receipt of second dose and 97% (95% CI, 88%–99%) from day 14 after second dose. Effectiveness was similar among the subset of residents who were medically vulnerable: 74% (95% CI, 62%–82%) and 92% (95% CI, 74%–98%) from 14 days after first and second doses, respectively.

Conclusions
Consistent with results from randomized trials and observational studies in other populations, mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among incarcerated people. Prioritizing incarcerated people for vaccination, redoubling efforts to boost vaccination, and continuing other ongoing mitigation practices are essential in preventing COVID-19 in this disproportionately affected population.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 environmental contamination in hospital rooms is uncommon using viral culture techniques
Authors: Warren Bobby G , Nelson Alicia , Barrett Aaron , Addison Bechtler , Graves Amanda , Binder Raquel , Gray Gregory , Lewis Sarah , Smith Becky A , Weber David J , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E , Anderson Deverick J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We assessed environmental contamination of inpatient rooms housing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in a dedicated COVID-19 unit. Contamination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was found on 5.5% (19/347) of surfaces via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and 0.3% (1/347) of surfaces via cell culture. Environmental contamination is uncommon in hospitals rooms; RNA presence is not a specific indicator of infectious virus.
Review of surgical experience in 61 patients with mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Wen Chen , Shi Guocheng , Zhang Qian , Zhu Fang , Zhang Hao , Zhu Zhongqun , Chen Huiwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Prior studies have reported a high mortality and incidence of post-repair pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) in mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). This study sought to review the surgical outcomes in this entity.

METHODS
A review of 61 patients undergoing surgical repair of mixed TAPVC was conducted. Patients with a single ventricle were excluded. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to Chowdhury’s classification. Predictors for death and postoperative PVO were explored by Cox regression model.

RESULTS
This study trended towards an older cohort with a median age of 88 days (interquartile range, 56.5–177). Twelve patients belonged to ‘2 + 2’ type, 40 belonged to ‘3 + 1’ type and the remaining 9 belonged to bizarre type. There were no early death and 7 late deaths. Follow-up was available in 96.7% of the patients after discharge with a median duration of 53 months (range, 1–177). Nineteen patients developed post-repair PVO among whom 2 required reintervention. Patients with preoperative PVO had a 4-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval, 1.36–12.38) of postoperative PVO than those without and were more likely to die (P = 0.009). No statistical difference was observed among the 3 subgroups in terms of mortality (P = 0.058) and postoperative PVO (P = 0.186).

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative PVO was significantly associated with postoperative PVO. There was no statistical difference in terms of death and postoperative PVO among the 3 subtypes of mixed TAPVC. Mid-term results favoured a complete rechanneling of pulmonary veins in ‘3 + 1’ type.
A risk model to predict an unplanned admission to the intensive care unit following lung resection
Authors: Brunelli Alessandro , Begum Housne , Chaudhuri Nilanjan , Agzarian John , Milton Richard , Finley Christian , Tcherveniakov Peter , Valuckiene Laura , Gioutsos Konstantinos , Hanna Wael , Papagiannopoulos Kostas , Shargall Yaron 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to develop a risk-adjusting model to stratify the risk of an unplanned admission to the intensive care unit (following lung resection).

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of 3123 patients undergoing anatomical lung resections (2014–2019) in 2 centres. A risk score was developed by testing several variables for a possible association with a subsequent ICU admission using stepwise logistic regression analyses, validated by the bootstrap resampling technique. Variables associated with ICU admission were assigned weighted scores based on their regression coefficients. These scores were summed for each patient to generate the ICU risk score, and patients were grouped into risk classes.

RESULTS
A total of 103 patients (3.3%) required an unplanned admission to the ICU after the operation. The average ICU stay was 17.6 days. The following variables remained significantly associated with ICU admission following logistic regression: male gender (P = 0.004), body mass index &lt;18.5 (P = 0.002), predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s &lt; 60% (P = 0.004), predicted postoperative carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity &lt;50% (P = 0.013), open access (P = 0.004) and pneumonectomy (P = 0.041). All variables were weighted 1 point except body mass index &lt;18.5 (2 points). The final ICU risk score ranged from 0 to 7 points. Patients were grouped into 6 risk classes showing an incremental unplanned ICU admission rate: class A (score 0), 0.7%; class B (score 1), 1.7%; class C (score 2), 3%; class D (score 3), 7.1%; class E (score 4), 12%; and class F (score &gt; 4), 13% (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
This risk score may assist in reliably planning the response to a sudden increase in the demand of critical care resources.
The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery: third report
Authors: de By Theo M M H , Schoenrath Felix , Veen Kevin M , Mohacsi Paul , Stein Julia , Alkhamees Khalid M M , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Berhnardt Alexander , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Caliskan Kadir , Reineke David , Damman Kevin , Fiane Arnt , Gkouziouta Angeliki , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Gustafsson Finn , Hulman Michal , Iacovoni Attilio , Loforte Antonio , Merkely Bela , Musumeci Francesco , Němec Petr , Netuka Ivan , Özbaran Mustafa , Potapov Evgenij , Pya Yuri , Rábago Gregorio , Ramjankhan Faiz , Reichenspurner Hermann , Saeed Diyar , Sandoval Elena , Stockman Bernard , Vanderheyden Marc , Tops Laurens , Wahlers Thorsten , Zembala Michael , Zimpfer Daniel , Carrel Thierry , Gummert Jan , Meyns Bart 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In the third report of the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, outcomes of patients receiving mechanical circulatory support are reviewed in relation to implant era.

METHODS
Procedures in adult patients (January 2011–June 2020) were included. Patients from centres with &lt;60% follow-ups completed were excluded. Outcomes were stratified into 3 eras (2011–2013, 2014–2017 and 2018–2020). Adverse event rates (AERs) were calculated and stratified into early phase (&lt;3 months) and late phase (&gt;3 months). Risk factors for death were explored using univariable Cox regression with a stepwise time-varying hazard ratio (&lt;3 vs &gt;3 months).

RESULTS
In total, 4834 procedures in 4486 individual patients (72 hospitals) were included, with a median follow-up of 1.1 (interquartile range: 0.3–2.6) years. The annual number of implants (range: 346–600) did not significantly change (P = 0.41). Both Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support class (classes 4–7: 23, 25 and 33%; P &lt; 0.001) and in-hospital deaths (18.5, 17.2 and 11.2; P &lt; 0.001) decreased significantly between eras. Overall, mortality, transplants and the probability of weaning were 55, 25 and 2% at 5 years after the implant, respectively. Major infections were mainly noted early after the implant occurred (AER&lt;3 months: 1.44 vs AER&gt;3 months: 0.45). Bilirubin and creatinine levels were significant risk factors in the early phase but not in the late phase after the implant.

CONCLUSIONS
In its 10 years of existence, EUROMACS has become a point of reference enabling benchmarking and outcome monitoring. Patient characteristics and outcomes changed between implant eras. In addition, both occurrence of outcomes and risk factor weights are time dependent.
Prevalence of statin intolerance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bytyçi Ibadete , Penson Peter E , Mikhailidis Dimitri P , Wong Nathan D , Hernandez Adrian V , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Thompson Paul D , Mazidi Mohsen , Rysz Jacek , Pella Daniel , Reiner Željko , Toth Peter P , Banach Maciej 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Statin intolerance (SI) represents a significant public health problem for which precise estimates of prevalence are needed. Statin intolerance remains an important clinical challenge, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis estimates the overall prevalence of SI, the prevalence according to different diagnostic criteria and in different disease settings, and identifies possible risk factors/conditions that might increase the risk of SI.

Methods and results
We searched several databases up to 31 May 2021, for studies that reported the prevalence of SI. The primary endpoint was overall prevalence and prevalence according to a range of diagnostic criteria [National Lipid Association (NLA), International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)] and in different disease settings. The secondary endpoint was to identify possible risk factors for SI. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence. A total of 176 studies [112 randomized controlled trials (RCTs); 64 cohort studies] with 4 143 517 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of SI was 9.1% (95% confidence interval 8.0–10%). The prevalence was similar when defined using NLA, ILEP, and EAS criteria [7.0% (6.0–8.0%), 6.7% (5.0–8.0%), 5.9% (4.0–7.0%), respectively]. The prevalence of SI in RCTs was significantly lower compared with cohort studies [4.9% (4.0–6.0%) vs. 17% (14–19%)]. The prevalence of SI in studies including both primary and secondary prevention patients was much higher than when primary or secondary prevention patients were analysed separately [18% (14–21%), 8.2% (6.0–10%), 9.1% (6.0–11%), respectively]. Statin lipid solubility did not affect the prevalence of SI [4.0% (2.0–5.0%) vs. 5.0% (4.0–6.0%)]. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.33, P = 0.04], female gender (OR 1.47, P = 0.007), Asian and Black race (P &lt; 0.05 for both), obesity (OR 1.30, P = 0.02), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.26, P = 0.02), hypothyroidism (OR 1.37, P = 0.01), chronic liver, and renal failure (P &lt; 0.05 for both) were significantly associated with SI in the meta-regression model. Antiarrhythmic agents, calcium channel blockers, alcohol use, and increased statin dose were also associated with a higher risk of SI.

Conclusion
Based on the present analysis of &gt;4 million patients, the prevalence of SI is low when diagnosed according to international definitions. These results support the concept that the prevalence of complete SI might often be overestimated and highlight the need for the careful assessment of patients with potential symptoms related to SI.
The role of generalized linear models in handling cost and count data
Authors: Lee Christopher S , Conway Catherine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Scientists from nursing and allied health disciplines frequently examine data with complex distributions. Key examples include data on cost that typically are skewed, and count data like the number of hospitalizations that regularly have greater variation than expected and a majority of observations at zero. Common approaches to handling complex data involve transformations that can interfere with interpretation, or force-fitting of data into linear or logistic regression. In this article, worked examples of generalized linear models, which allow for flexibility in the distribution of data, involving cost and count outcomes, are presented to help expose researchers to their nuances.
Practical guidelines for near-field mitigation on array-based active surface wave testing
Authors: Rahimi Salman , Wood Clinton M , Himel Ashraf Kamal 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
This paper aims to develop practical guidelines for near-field mitigation for active source surface wave testing. To this end, extensive field measurements were performed considering different factors, including depth to impedance contrast, source offset, source type, surface wave type (Rayleigh or Love) and transformation technique used for data processing. According to the results, near-field effects are independent of surface wave type and depth to impedance contrast. For sites with a very shallow impedance contrast, the cylindrical frequency domain beamformer transformation technique outperforms others in terms of dispersion resolution by significantly mitigating near-field effects. On the other hand, for sites with a very deep impedance contrast, the four transformation techniques provide the similar dispersion resolution when only considering near-field effects. It is also revealed that the normalized array centre distance (NACD) criteria required to mitigate near-field effects is a function of source type. Using 10–15 per cent as the accepted error boundary, a NACD of 1.0 or greater is recommended for low-output impulsive sources such as a sledgehammer source, whereas, for high-output harmonic sources such as a vibroseis, a normalized array centre distance of 0.5 is recommended. A standard deviation on the NACD of approximately 0.3 was observed in much of the data indicating near-field effects are site-specific and can affect the surface dispersion velocity at wavelengths longer or shorter than the recommended NACD. These NACD criteria should not be violated when using a limited number of source offsets (1 or 2). However, if the multiple source offset approach (≥3 source offsets) is used where some of the source offsets meet the criteria, the near-field criteria can be violated for some of the source offsets, given that the near-field effects can be mitigated using the composite dispersion data generated from different source offsets if those offsets produce acceptable dispersion data.
Comparison of wave-propagation simulations in fractured domains using discrete fractures and equivalent media
Authors: Rioyos-Romero Rubén , De Basabe Jonás D , Solorza-Calderón Selene , González-Escobar Mario , Gross Markus 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
Fractures largely control reservoir permeability and, therefore, it is of immediate importance to know the geometrical parameters of fracture sets and their effects on seismic data. To understand the interaction between the fractures and seismic wavefield, we performed numerical simulations of elastic wave propagation in fractured digital rocks (FDRs) using the discontinuous Galerkin method, the linear-slip model and sets of randomly distributed fractures. We compared the results with those obtained using Hudson’s equivalent media theory (HEM) and observed that, when the fracture density is 0.08 or less, there is no statistical difference between the FDR and HEM results; however, when the fracture density is higher than 0.08, the results of HEM diverge from those of FDR. Furthermore, HEM accuracy depends not only on the fracture density but also on the P- to S-wave velocity ratio. The P-wave anisotropy induced by the fractures is observed as a delay, which can be due to fracture density, length or a mixture of both. The Pwave is delayed in all directions, but mostly in the direction perpendicular to the fractures’ orientation.