bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agrarian development and state building in Spain: the contest for irrigation in the Valencian Region, 1770–1860
Authors: Calatayud Salvador , Millán Jesús , Romeo María Cruz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA determined expansion in the productive capacity of Spanish agriculture was a fundamental and contentious objective during the crisis of the country’s ancien régime and the formation of the liberal state, in the years of transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth centuries. In this study we examine a fundamental reorientation that occurred in an ambitious project for the expansion of irrigation in the region of Valencia. In this region, characterised by a well-rooted commercial agriculture, the original scheme, initiated by an enlightened aristocrat well connected with the royal court, would be profoundly altered in the transition from one political regime to another. The irrigated area increased much more than had been anticipated, and very diverse sections of the social hierarchy eventually benefited from this agricultural expansion. In contrast, the control exercised over the irrigation canal by the aristocrat himself would be increasingly questioned in the context of the nineteenth century.
The archaeology of peasant protagonism: new directions in the early medieval Iberian countryside
Authors: Portass Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe inherent complexity of early medieval rural society is now widely recognised by scholars; this is in no small part thanks to the transformative effect that archaeology has had on our understanding of many aspects of peasant life. Yet it is only in the last twenty years that an archaeology of peasant society of early medieval Christian Iberia has emerged to challenge the supremacy of deeply entrenched historiographical motifs, explored in detail herein, which underplay peasant agency, confine peasants to familiar contextual paradigms (poverty, risk-aversion, resistance), and treat the peasantry as an undifferentiated mass of largely passive ‘recipients’ of History. This article focuses upon a case study – early medieval northern Iberia – to show that, far from an auxiliary discipline used to bolster or reject interpretations founded upon documentary analysis, archaeology now underpins our efforts to understand complex aspects of the society and economy of the early medieval countryside.
Spiritual care perceptions and empathy of Chinese nursing students: The mediating roles of spiritual well-being
Authors: Wang Zhangyi , Liang Yuan , Zhao Haomei , Zhu Yue , Liu Mengru , Zhang Yajun , Xiao Luwei , Piao Jingjing , Zhao Xiqun , Liu Zhijian , Liu Li , Pang Xiaoli , Peng Lina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate spiritual care perceptions, spiritual well-being, and empathy, examine the correlations among spiritual care perceptions, spiritual well-being, and empathy, and explore the mediating role of spiritual well-being between other two variables of Chinese nursing students.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was implemented, and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting of the study. A cluster sample of 2,718 nursing students was selected from 7 universities and colleges in China. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale (C-SCGS), the Spiritual Health Scale Short Form (SHS-SF), and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Nursing Student (JSPE-NS) were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results
The total score of spiritual care perceptions, spiritual well-being, and empathy were 173.83 ± 25.62, 98.74 ± 12.87, and 105.04 ± 21.34, respectively. Spiritual care perceptions were positively correlated with spiritual well-being (r = 0.617, p < 0.01) and empathy (r = 0.528, p < 0.01). And spiritual well-being played a partial mediating role between the other two variables (accounting for 28.1%).

Significance of results
Spiritual care perceptions, spiritual well-being, and empathy were quite moderate, which need in improving. It is suggested that nursing educators pay attention to the spiritual care education of nursing students, perfect the spiritual care education system, and take targeted measures according to nursing students’ individual personality traits and differences, improve their spiritual well-being and empathy in multiple ways, so as to improve their spiritual care perceptions and competence.
Decisions about treatment with targeted therapies in a palliative care unit: A case series
Authors: Delaye Matthieu , Renard Perrine , Sampetrean Anda , Vigouret-Viant Laurence , Dauchy Sarah , Scotté Florian , Mateus Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly palliative care integration into the oncologic treatment pattern is recognized and strongly recommended to anticipate end-of-life issues and avoid disproportionate care. Targeted therapies (TTs), with their very rapid onset of action and relatively good tolerance, may have an effect on cancer-related symptoms, which could be beneficial in the context of palliative care.MethodsData were extracted from a cohort of all patients hospitalized in an acute palliative care unit between 03.04.2019 and 07.04.2020. Data for all consecutive patients for which a decision on a TT was made during hospitalization were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsForty-two patients were identified. Thirty-one patients were currently receiving TT on admission. For 19/31 (61.3%) patients, the treatment was discontinued. The remaining 12 patients had TT after discharge from the palliative care unit (continuation of the same TT or modification of the TT during the stay), with an average duration of 208 days and an average of 46 days between the last TT and death. TT was introduced or reintroduced in 7 patients of the 11 patients hospitalized without treatment at admission. In this group, the average duration of treatment was 28 days, with an average of 28 days between the last TT and death. Five of the patients who received re-challenged TT experienced a subjective improvement of their symptom.Significance of resultsTT was discontinued in the majority of our patients. However, in some cases, the treatment was maintained because it was effective on cancer-related symptoms even at the end of life. However, this should not overshadow the palliative process. The continuation or introduction of a specific oncological treatment requires close cooperation between oncologists and palliative care physicians and an honest and clear explanation to patients and their families.
Effect of 2,4-D formulation on volatility under field conditions
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E. , Shekoofa Avat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAuxinic herbicides have been commonly used in production systems for broadleaf weed control for many years. One potential negative aspect to their use is their propensity to volatilize and move away from the treated area after application. This research examined three herbicide formulations and their relative amounts of vaporization following application under field conditions in Knoxville, TN, in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Herbicide treatments evaluated included 2,4-D choline, 2,4-D amine, and the diglycolamine (DGA) salt of dicamba. Ten field studies were conducted with major parameters including air sampler height (0.3 and 1.3 m) and applied surface condition (dry wheat stubble or green-plant vegetation). The relative volatility indicated by the study was that dicamba > 2,4-D choline = 2,4-D amine. Detected herbicide concentrations were numerically higher at the 0.3-m sampling height and in the green-plant surface condition. These results confirm that dicamba is more volatile than 2,4-D and that there was no difference in vapor emissions between the amine and choline salts of 2,4-D under field conditions.
Hazelnut tolerance to basal-directed applications of clopyralid and quinclorac
Authors: Pedroso Rafael M. , Moretti Marcelo L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine hazelnut tolerance to quinclorac and clopyralid and control efficacy of Canada thistle and field bindweed at three commercial orchards in western Oregon. Hazelnut cultivars evaluated included ‘Jefferson’, ‘Wepster’, and ‘McDonald’. Clopyralid at 278, 547, and 1,090 g ae ha−1, and quinclorac at 420, 840, and 1,680 g ai ha−1 were applied once a year as basal-directed applications to trees that were 1, 2, and 5 yr old. Treatments were imposed in the early spring of 2019 and reapplied in 2020. In both years, treatments covered hazelnut suckers. Hazelnut injury from clopyralid and quinclorac was consistently between 0% and 13% and not different from nontreated control plants (P > 0.05) between 14 d and 455 d after initial treatment. Similarly, there was no treatment effect on plant canopy index, leaf chlorophyll content, trunk cross-sectional area, internode length, or yield among treatments, even at the highest rates of clopyralid and quinclorac. In separate efficacy studies, clopyralid (278 g ae ha−1) resulted in 68% Canada thistle control and did not differ when clopyralid was mixed with carfentrazone (278 + 35 g ai ha−1) or glufosinate (278 + 1,148 g ai ha−1). Clopyralid-containing herbicide treatments suppressed field bindweed growth but did not kill plants even when mixed with carfentrazone or glufosinate. Quinclorac (420 g ha−1) alone provided 80% control of field bindweed and 93% and 98% control when combined with rimsulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) or carfentrazone (35 g ai ha−1), respectively. Still, all herbicide treatments resulted in similar field bindweed biomass. Results indicate that clopyralid and quinclorac are effective tools to help manage Canada thistle and field bindweed and that hazelnut can tolerate clopyralid and quinclorac at rates equivalent to 4-fold commercial-use rates not affecting plant growth and yield.
Subterranean and aerial seed production of southern threecornerjack (Emex australis)
Authors: Borger Catherine P. D. , Wilkins Nerys 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSouthern threecornerjack (Emex australis Steinh.) produces both aerial seeds on the branches and subterranean seeds at the base of the plant crown approximately 1 to 2 cm underground. Prior research indicated that seeds buried at a depth of 1 cm have a much higher probability of germinating in the following season compared with seeds on the soil surface. The current research investigated the number of subterranean seeds produced per plant, timing of subterranean seed production, and germination requirements of subterranean seeds compared with aerial seeds. This research demonstrated that E. australis plants from multiple populations produced subterranean seeds beginning at the 4-leaf development stage, before the production of aerial seeds. Individual plants produced a maximum of 30 subterranean seeds. Germination of subterranean and aerial seeds following afterripening over the summer to autumn (December to May) fallow was similar, demonstrating that the different seed types had no differences in dormancy. Further, the subterranean seeds did not have the light requirement for germination observed in aerial seeds. Subterranean seeds had 22.2% and 24.3% germination in light and dark conditions, respectively, compared with aerial seeds, which had 26.9% germination in light conditions and 12.3% germination in the dark. Production of subterranean seeds was low, given that a mature E. australis plant may produce more than 1,100 aerial seeds, but the subterranean seeds formed earlier in plant development. Recommendations for postemergence herbicides are to spray E. australis at the 2- to 4-leaf stage of growth, yet some plants may have already produced mature subterranean seeds by this stage. Further research is required to determine the impact of subterranean seeds on population ecology.
On the Global Kinematic Positioning Variations During the September 2017 Solar Flare Events
Authors: Nie Wenfeng , Rovira‐Garcia Adria , Wang Yong , Zheng Dunyong , Yan Lingfei , Xu Tianhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral X‐class solar flares (SFs) with different intensities and locations on the solar disk occurred in September 2017. Among them, the X9.3 SF on 6 September 2017 was the most intensive SF in the 24th solar cycle. In this study, we investigated and compared the ionospheric response to the different X‐class SFs and their impacts on the Global Positioning System (GPS) kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solutions. We aim to study the mechanism behind the positioning degradation from the perspective of the impacts of the SF‐induced ionosphere disturbance on the GPS data processing. By comparing the sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) induced by the SFs, we observed that the SID is controlled by the intensity, the location, and the duration time of the SF. We found that the SID induced by the SF may deteriorate the cycle slip (CS) detection algorithms seriously. The threshold of the CS detection observables is sensitive to the SID, making the CS easier to be falsely detected. On the other hand, for the SF that occurred during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm, as the case of the X8.2 SF, the effects of the SF can reduce the precision of the GPS measurements, thus affecting the positioning accuracy. These mechanisms are essential and significant for the accuracy and stability of the kinematic PPP solution obtained with GPS during the SF events.
Mediating Role of Fine Particles Abatement on Pediatric Respiratory Health During COVID‐19 Stay‐at‐Home Order in San Diego County, California
Authors: Aguilera Rosana , Leibel Sydney , Corringham Thomas , Bialostozky Mario , Nguyen Margaret B. , Gershunov Alexander , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLower respiratory tract infections disproportionately affect children and are one of the main causes of hospital referral and admission. COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders in early 2020 led to substantial reductions in hospital admissions, but the specific contribution of changes in air quality through this natural experiment has not been examined. Capitalizing on the timing of the stay‐at‐home order, we quantified the specific contribution of fine‐scale changes in PM2.5 concentrations to reduced respiratory emergency department (ED) visits in the pediatric population of San Diego County, California. We analyzed data on pediatric ED visits (n = 72,333) at the ZIP‐code level for respiratory complaints obtained from the ED at Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego County (2015–2020) and ZIP‐code level PM2.5 from an ensemble model integrating multiple machine learning algorithms. We examined the decrease in respiratory visits in the pediatric population attributable to the stay‐at‐home order and quantified the contribution of changes in PM2.5 exposure using mediation analysis (inverse of odds ratio weighting). Pediatric respiratory ED visits dropped during the stay‐at‐home order (starting on 19 March 2020). Immediately after this period, PM2.5 concentrations, relative to the counterfactual values based in the 4‐year baseline period, also decreased with important spatial variability across ZIP codes in San Diego County. Overall, we found that decreases in PM2.5 attributed to the stay‐at‐home order contributed to explain 4% of the decrease in pediatric respiratory ED visits. We identified important spatial inequalities in the decreased incidence of pediatric respiratory illness and found that brief decline in air pollution levels contributed to a decrease in respiratory ED visits.
Observations of the Breakthrough Phase of Attachment Process in Laboratory Long Sparks
Authors: Fu Yufei , Chen Weijiang , Zhao Yushun , Ding Lijian , Fu Zhong , Xiang Nianwen , Qiu Xinjie , Gu Jianwei , Pei Zhehao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Huang Shengxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed video frames and discharge current records of 34 long laboratory sparks were examined. Two consecutive frames of the breakthrough phase, depicting the evolution of the common streamer zone, were obtained in five events, all presented in this study. Two types of luminous structures were observed inside the common streamer zone just before the return stroke phase: the floating luminous segment and the luminous channel linking the opposite polarity leaders. The luminous structure served as a selected route for the return stroke channel. These results demonstrate that the transformation of high‐impedance common streamer zone into a hot plasma channel may involve two main features: the common streamer zone shrinking and the dominant development of the selected route.
Evaluating Uncertainty and Modes of Variability for Antarctic Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Shields Christine A. , Wille Jonathan D. , Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Maclennan Michelle , Gorodetskaya Irina V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAntarctic atmospheric rivers (ARs) are driven by their synoptic environments and lead to profound and varying impacts along the coastlines and over the continent. The definition and detection of ARs over Antarctica accounts for large uncertainty in AR metrics, and consequently, impacts quantification. We find that Antarctic‐specific detection tools consistently capture the AR footprint inland over ice sheets, whereas most global detection tools do not. Large‐scale synoptic environments and associated ARs, however, are broadly consistent across detection tools. Using data from the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project and global reanalyses, we quantify the uncertainty in Antarctic AR metrics and evaluate large‐scale environments in the context of decadal and interannual modes of variability. The Antarctic western hemisphere has stronger connections to both decadal and interannual modes of variability compared to East Antarctica, and the Indian Ocean Dipole’s influence on Antarctic ARs is stronger while in phase with El Nino Southern Oscillation.
Experimental Carbon Emissions From Degraded Mediterranean Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) Meadows Under Current and Future Summer Temperatures
Authors: Roca Guillem , Palacios Javier , Ruíz‐Halpern Sergio , Marbà Núria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPosidonia oceanica beds are recognized to be an essential carbon sink in the Mediterranean Sea. However, when seagrass cover disappears, seagrass sediments may become net carbon sources contributing to the CO2 atmospheric increase. Determining CO2 efflux from degraded seagrass beds is required to understand potential emissions from this Mediterranean ecosystem. This study presents one of the very first experimental CO2 efflux estimates from P. oceanica degraded seagrass sediments under future warming and hydrodynamic scenarios. Sediments were sampled from a P. oceanica seagrass meadow in Pollença, a sheltered bay on Mallorca Island. Sediment samples were kept in mesocosms for 98 days at five different temperatures (26, 27.5, 29, 30.5, and 32) and two treatments (agitation/repose). CO2 effluxes were higher in the agitated treatments (0.75 μM m−2 s−1) than in repose (0.51 μM m−2 s−1). CO2 efflux clearly increased with temperature in repose treatments, while treatments under agitation presented larger variation. Our results indicate that exposure to hydrodynamics plays a key role in the remineralization of organic carbon (Corg) under climate change conditions and that denuded seagrass meadows have the potential to emit in a single summer season (3 months) the amount of carbon (C) that a healthy meadow sequestrates during an entire year. This study provides brand new information required to quantify the dynamics of Corg stock loss and CO2 emissions in degraded seagrass meadows.
PIC micro-controller based synchronization of two fractional order jerk systems
Authors: Tagne Samuel , Bodo Bertrand , Eyebe Guy François V. Ayissi , Fouda Jean Sire A. Eyebe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper studies a 3D Chaotic Jerk oscillator with fractional derivatives. An approach is proposed to implement it on a PIC16F877A microcontroller in order to reduce the requirements for multiple analogue electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, coils, multipliers, operational amplifiers, which are very bulky and consume a lot of power. The behaviours of the underlying system are analysed analytically, numerically and experimentally. It comes from this analysis that the fractional model exhibits chaotic dynamics when for parameters for which the equivalent integer derivative system exhibits limit-cycles. The synchronization under two closed initial conditions is also studied, highlighting one of the most common applications of the chaos concept.
The aphrodisiac potential of β-cyclodextrin–curcumin via stimulating cAMP-PKA pathway in testicular Leydig cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Xue Shan , Yuan Lin , Li Zihan , Hu Haitao , Zhang Yichang , Liu Yimei , Li Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–curcumin (CDC) is used in pharmaceutical applications and as a natural food colorant. The previous study revealed that curcumin potentially impacted the reproductive system. The present study investigated the possible roles of the CDC in testosterone secretion in Leydig cells and mice. Primary Leydig cells were treated with the CDC to determine their effect on cell proliferation, testosterone levels, the protein and mRNA expression of the transcription factor, and steroidogenic enzymes. Our data showed that CDC stimulated testosterone production via upregulating transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and steroidogenic enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), 3β-/17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3β/17β-HSD, HSD3b1/HSD17b1). CDC could significantly stimulate H89-suppressed StAR and CREB expression but not reverse melatonin-suppressed StAR expression. We further detected the hormonal activity with transgenic yeast, and CDC showed potential androgenic antagonistic activity. Meanwhile, we investigated its aphrodisiac effect on hydrocortisone-induced mice. Exposure to hydrocortisone decreased the mating ability, reproductive organs, and testosterone level and disrupted testicular histology. However, all of these effects were significantly improved by CDC treatment. In conclusion, these results indicated that mechanisms of CDC in stimulating testosterone production involve upregulating the cAMP-PKA pathway.