bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voices in a Sea of History: Why Study Language in the Caribbean
Authors: Wirtz Kristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn celebration of the 15th anniversary of this journal's name change, I situate recent linguistic anthropological scholarship in the Caribbean in a broader, interdisciplinary context. Caribbean ways of speaking—and especially contact languages such as creoles—have often been exceptionalised and subject to stereotypes. Taking Derek Walcott's “sea of history” as a key trope, I discuss the historical crosscurrents that have produced the diversity of Caribbean voices and their impact on the politics of language today. Attending to issues of voice and poetics demonstrates the creative mobilization of linguistic resources to impact politics, media, children's socialization, identity claims, and reclamations of deep ancestry. Such efforts contest the scholarly fragmentation of a region framed as having too much history and too shallow roots, to show productive connections with a broader anthropology of the Americas. The goal of this review is to make a compelling case for the ethnographic study of language in the Caribbean.
How does multisource feedback influence residency training? A qualitative case study
Authors: Hennel Eva K. , Trachsel Andrea , Subotic Ulrike , Lörwald Andrea C. , Harendza Sigrid , Huwendiek Sören 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultisource feedback (MSF), also called 360‐degree assessment, is one form of assessment used in postgraduate training. However, there is an ongoing discussion on its value, because the factors that influence the impact of MSF and the main impact of MSF are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated both the influencing factors and the impact of MSF on residency training.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative case study within the boundaries of the residency training for paediatricians and paediatric surgeons at a University Hospital. We collected data from seven focus group interviews with stakeholders of MSF (residents, raters and supervisors). By performing a reflexive thematic analysis, we extracted the influencing factors and the impact of MSF.ResultsWe found seven influencing factors: MSF is facilitated by the announcement of a clear goal of MSF, the training of raters on the MSF instrument, a longitudinal approach of observation, timing not too early and not too late during the rotation, narrative comments as part of the ratings, the residents' self‐assessment and a supervisor from the same department. We found three themes on the impact of MSF: MSF supports the professional development of residents, enhances interprofessional teamwork and increases the raters' commitment to the training of residents.ConclusionThis study illuminates the influencing factors and impact of MSF on residency training. We offer novel recommendations on the continuity of observation, the timing during rotations and the role of the supervisor. Moreover, by discussing our results through the lens of identity formation theory, this work advances our conceptual understanding of MSF. We propose identity formation theory as a framework for future research on MSF to leverage the potential of MSF in residency training.
Body composition changes at 12 months following different surgical weight loss interventions in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Sylivris Amy , Mesinovic Jakub , Scott David , Jansons Paul 
Published: March 2022

SummaryTo determine relative lean mass and fat mass changes in adults with obesity following surgical weight loss interventions, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus were screened for eligible studies. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in populations with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) aged over 18 years, who underwent any type of bariatric surgery and reported body composition measures via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry or bio‐electrical impedance analysis. Authors conducted full text screening and determined that there were six RCTs eligible for inclusion, with data extracted at 12 months post‐surgery. Meta‐analysis revealed that, relative to gastric banding, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) led to greater total body mass loss (mean difference [MD]: −9.33 kg [95% CI: −12.10, −6.56]) and greater fat mass loss (MD: −8.86 kg [95% CI: −11.80, −5.93], but similar lean mass loss (MD: −0.55 kg [95% CI: −3.82, 2.71]. RYGB also led to similar changes in total body mass, fat mass, and lean mass compared with sleeve gastrectomy. RYGB results in greater 12‐month weight and fat loss, but similar changes in lean mass, compared with gastric banding. Further RCTs comparing body composition changes following different bariatric surgery procedures are required.
The application of arterio‐venous ratio (AVR) cut‐off values in clinic to stratify cardiovascular risk in patients
Authors: French Christian , Cubbidge Robert Peter , Heitmar Rebekka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular risk calculators are a useful tool for identifying at‐risk individuals. There are standardised methods for assessing the retinal microcirculation which alters as a consequence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to explore if a standardised retinal vessel assessment conducted in primary optometric care reflects current cardiovascular risk, as measured using two validated CVD risk calculators (QRISK 2; Mayo Clinic).MethodsA total of 120 subjects were included in the analyses. Following a routine eye examination, participants had disc‐centred retinal photographs and systemic blood pressure taken. Retinal vessel parameters (central retinal artery and vein equivalent and arterio‐venous ratio (AVR)) were calculated using semi‐automated software. Participants were then grouped into AVR quintiles as defined by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). Cardiovascular risk was calculated with the validated QRISK and Mayo Clinic health calculators.ResultsSystolic blood pressure was significantly greater in those with an AVR value falling in the lowest quintile compared to the highest quintile (150.65 mmHg vs. 132.21 mmHg [p = 0.001]). Similarly, CVD risk was significantly higher in those with the lowest AVR compared to the highest (QRISK: 14.28% vs. 9.87% [p = 0.05]; MAYO risk: 36.35% vs. 19.21% [p = 0.01]). Chi squared analyses showed a significant difference in the number of hypertensives in the lowest AVR quintile compared to those in the highest [p = 0.02].ConclusionWhilst the ARIC population is not directly comparable to the population used to develop the QRISK calculator, it has been shown that its application could help to identify at risk individuals using retinal vessel analyses.
Raising Awareness About the Risk of Irregular Migration: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from Guinea
Authors: Tjaden Jasper , Gninafon Horace 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn response to mounting evidence of harm inflicted on irregular migrants along their journeys from West Africa to Europe, international organizations, civil society organizations, and governments have scaled up campaigns as a tool for raising awareness about the risks of irregular migration. Campaigns aim to counter misinformation by smugglers and facilitate safe migration decisions. Despite the growing number of interventions, there is limited empirical evidence on the impact and effectiveness of such campaigns. Based on a difference‐in‐difference design, this study investigates the effect of a mobile cinema and community discussion intervention on the perceptions, knowledge, and intentions of potential irregular migrants in Northern Guinea in 2019. The results show that potential migrants who participated in events were significantly more likely to show awareness gains and less likely to report high intentions to migrate irregularly. While the relative importance of risk perceptions and their impact on migration flows remain unclear, the findings provide evidence supporting the assumption that risk awareness can be a relevant factor in the decision‐making process of potential irregular migrants. While campaigns may be an effective tool in certain contexts, effect sizes highlight the need for policymakers to keep realistic expectations.
Control of fruit softening and Ascorbic acid accumulation by manipulation of SlIMP3 in tomato
Authors: Zheng Xianzhe , Yuan Yujin , Huang Baowen , Hu Xiaowei , Tang Yuwei , Xu Xin , Wu Mengbo , Gong Zehao , Luo Yingqing , Gong Min , Gao Xueli , Wu Guanle , Zhang Qiongdan , Zhang Lu , Chan Helen , Zhu Benzhong , Li Zhengguo , Ferguson Louise , Deng Wei 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPostharvest deterioration is among the major challenges for the fruit industry. Regulation of the fruit softening rate is an effective strategy for extending shelf‐life and reducing the economic losses due postharvest deterioration. The tomato myoinositol monophosphatase 3 gene SlIMP3, which showed highest expression level in fruit, was expressed and purified. SlIMP3 demonstrated high affinity with the L‐Gal 1‐P and D‐Ins 3‐P, and acted as a bifunctional enzyme in the biosynthesis of AsA and myoinositol. Overexpression of SlIMP3 not only improved AsA and myoinositol content, but also increased cell wall thickness, improved fruit firmness, delayed fruit softening, decreased water loss, and extended shelf‐life. Overexpression of SlIMP3 also increased uronic acid, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, and galactose content in cell wall of fruit. Treating fruit with myoinositol obtained similar fruit phenotypes of SlIMP3‐overexpressed fruit, with increased cell wall thickness and delayed fruit softening. Meanwhile, overexpression of SlIMP3 conferred tomato fruit tolerance to Botrytis cinerea. The function of SlIMP3 in cell wall biogenesis and fruit softening were also verified using another tomato species, Ailsa Craig (AC). Overexpression of SlDHAR in fruit increased AsA content, but did not affect the cell wall thickness or fruit firmness and softening. The results support a critical role for SlIMP3 in AsA biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis, and provide a new method of delaying tomato fruit softening, and insight into the link between AsA and cell wall metabolism.
Child with a mild CHIME syndrome phenotype and carrying a novel p.(Asp52Asn) PIGL pathogenic variant in association with the previously reported p.(Leu167Pro) variant: A case report
Authors: Rolland Marion , Dubourg Christèle , Cospain Auriane , Droitcourt Catherine , Pasquier Laurent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColoboma, congenital heart disease, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies (CHIME) syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive neuroectodermal disorder related to PIGL gene mutations. Here, we report a patient who showed an initial delay in psychomotor development and skin abnormalities consistent with CHIME syndrome but with atypical clinical features and laboratory findings. In line with our clinical suspicion, the c.500T>C, p.(Leu167Pro) variant (found in all the previously described cases of CHIME syndrome) was found on the paternal allele. A novel “likely pathogenic” PIGL missense variant (c.154G>A, p.(Asp52Asn)) was detected on the maternal allele. This case provides new insights into the clinical spectrum of CHIME syndrome and highlights the potential for phenotypic/genotypic variations.
Effect of ischemic time on pediatric heart transplantation outcomes: is it the same for all allografts?
Authors: Dani Alia , Vu Quyen , Thangappan Karthik , Huang Bin , Wittekind Samuel , Lorts Angela , Chin Clifford , Morales David L.S. , Zafar Farhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that the optimal ischemia time (IT) threshold in pediatric heart transplantation (PHT) is up to 4 h, independent of other donor organ factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IT and donor left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and study their impact on PHT outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of PHT (<18 years) identified in UNOS between January 2000 and March 2020. Post‐transplantation survival analysis of patients receiving donor hearts with IT<4, 4–6, and >6 h was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Cohort was divided according to donor LVEF median value, and survival was analyzed. Cox regression was performed.ResultsMedian LVEF was 65% in the study cohort (6669 PHT). Overall, IT>6 h was associated with worse survival compared to <4 h regardless of donor LVEF. For allografts with LVEF < 65%, IT = 4–6 h was associated with worse survival compared with IT < 4 h (p = .006) but had similar survival compared with IT > 6 h (p = .315). For allografts with LVEF ≥ 65%, IT = 4–6 h had similar survival compared with <4 h (p = .175) but improved survival compared with >6 h (p = .003). After adjusting for donor and recipient variables, Cox regression showed that IT = 4–6 h was not associated with increased mortality for LVEF ≥ 65%.ConclusionsThe IT threshold of 4 h does not apply to all allografts. Recipients of hearts with LVEF≥65% can tolerate an IT up to 6 h without any detriment to survival. Routine acceptance of these donor hearts could mitigate longer waiting times and poor donor availability for many candidates.
Soundscapes and borderscapes: Music as a counter‐mapping discourse in the Kurdish nationalist movement
Authors: Hongur Gönenç 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article traces the ways in which Kurdish claims to national rights and borders have been structured around transnational and virtual spaces to coalesce into music. It focuses on issues such as migration, diaspora, border, ethnicity, transnationalism, and nation‐building through Kurdish music and Kurdish musicians. The concept of the borderscape provides a theoretical lens through which to understand how music has been politicized and positioned between the non‐existence of a Kurdish nation‐state and the enduring existence of Kurdish as an ethnicity, a language, and a homeland in the Middle East. By giving examples from songs, lyrics, and the virtual world of Kurdish music, the study elaborates on how Kurds reinforce the territorial imagination of ‘Kurdistan’ as the rightful homeland of a Kurdish nation. Focusing on music as a resource for political action, nationalism, and for the identification of national borders, this study thus adds to the border studies and ethnomusicological literatures by linking music to ethnicity, nationalism, and transnationalism.
Gondwana break‐up controlled by tectonic inheritance and mantle plume activity: Insights from Natal rift development (South Mozambique, Africa)
Authors: Roche Vincent , Leroy Sylvie , Revillon Sidonie , Guillocheau François , Ruffet Gilles , Vétel William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe break‐up of Eastern Gondwana started during the Early Jurassic with the separation of Antarctica and Madagascar from Africa. While margins architecture has been described along the Western Somalia Basin and the Central Mozambique, the spatial extent of rifting further south—i.e. the Natal Valley—remains poorly documented. Seismic reflection profiles interpretation, 40Ar/39Ar ages and isotopic data show the existence of a plume‐related magma‐rich margin—the Natal segment—characterized by a large volume of seaward dipping reflectors inferred to be basalts. In particular, the contrast in lithosphere rheology, probably caused by a Meso‐Neoproterozoic belt between the Kaapval and Grunehogna Archean cratons, favoured extension and upwelling from a deep mantle thermomechanical anomaly, the so‐called Karoo superplume that started at around 180 Ma. Furthermore, the presence of stretched continental crust at around 30°S implies a more southerly position of Antarctica which will need to be considered in future kinematic models.
Intensity of perioperative analgesia but not pre‐treatment pain is predictive of survival in dogs undergoing amputation plus chemotherapy for extremity osteosarcoma
Authors: Nolan Michael W. , Uzan Olivia C. , Green Noah A. , Lana Susan E. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this bi‐institutional retrospective study was to determine whether, in dogs treated with limb amputation and adjunctive chemotherapy for osteosarcoma, oncologic outcomes are impacted by either: (1) baseline cancer pain severity, or (2) the approaches used for perioperative pain management. Data were extracted from the medical records of 284 dogs that underwent both limb amputation and chemotherapy (carboplatin and/or doxorubicin) between 1997 and 2017 for localized (non‐metastatic) osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard (PH) models were used to determine the impact that retrospectively scored baseline pain levels (high vs. low) and various analgesic and local anaesthetic treatments had on both metastasis‐free survival and all‐cause mortality. For the entire population, the median disease free interval and median overall survival times were 253 and 284 days, respectively. Baseline pain was rated as “low” in 84 dogs, and “high” in 190 dogs; pain severity had no detectable effect on either metastasis‐free survival or all‐cause mortality. When accounting for the potential influences of known prognostic factors, dogs treated with what was characterized as a high‐intensity perioperative analgesic plan (including both a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug [NSAID] and a bupivacaine‐eluting soaker catheter placed at the amputation site) had a higher probability of survival than dogs treated with a low‐intensity perioperative analgesic plan (neither an NSAID, nor a soaker catheter); the median overall survival times were 252 and 378 days, respectively (hazard ratio: 2.922; p = .020).
Stepwise access to safe plasma proteins in resource‐constrained countries: Local production and pathways to fractionation—Report of an International Society of Blood Transfusion Workshop
Authors: Burnouf Thierry , Epstein Jay , Faber Jean‐Claude , Smid Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesActions are needed to improve access to safe plasma‐derived medicinal products (PDMPs) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).Materials and MethodsThe International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Working Party for Global Blood Safety organized an on‐line workshop during 21–23 September 2021 to advance access to safe plasma proteins in resource‐constrained countries, consistent with recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidance documents.ResultsThe meeting drew attention to the considerable unmet needs for access to essential PDMPs in LMICs, in particular coagulation factors and immunoglobulins, and stepwise actions to address these deficits. First, improved access to safe plasma protein therapies requires blood component separation with prevention of wastage of recovered plasma. Quality and safety of collected blood and plasma must be assured so that plasma in excess of transfusion needs can be processed into safe plasma proteins. Second, local production of safe plasma proteins can be implemented using available technologies to locally obtain pathogen‐reduced plasma and prepare pathogen‐reduced cryoprecipitate and immunoglobulins from small plasma pools. Third, when a sufficient, stable volume of quality‐assured plasma is available (approximately 50,000 L/year), contract or toll fractionation by a foreign plasma fractionator can expand the supply of PDMPs. Fourth, when the national infrastructure supports high‐technology industrial production and stable volumes of quality plasma reach at least 200,000 L/year, technology transfer for domestic fractionation can be considered.ConclusionAction is needed including commitments of the organizations that made the workshop possible (WHO, ISBT, World Federation of Haemophilia [WFH], Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association [PPTA], International Plasma Fractionation Association [IPFA], International Patient Organization of Primary Immunodeficiencies [IPOPI] and International Federation of Blood Donor Organizations [FIODS]).
Comparison of the programmed freezer method and deep freezer method in the manufacturing of frozen red blood cell products
Authors: Fuchizaki Akihiro , Yasui Kazuta , Tanaka Mitsunobu , Mitsuhashi Hisako , Shimogaki Kazushige , Kimura Takafumi , Takihara Yoshihiro , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFrozen‐thawed red blood cells (FTRCs) are useful blood components to patients with rare blood phenotypes. However, frozen red blood cells (FRCs) sometimes cause significant haemolysis after thawing due to the freeze/thaw process. In this study, we aimed to focus on the former process and reduce process‐related haemolysis.Materials and MethodsFive‐day‐old red blood cells (RBCs) (5D) or 9‐week‐old RBCs (9 W) were glycerolized, pooled and split into two aliquots. RBCs were frozen using either the programmed freezer (PF) method or the deep freezer (DF) method. After 4–8 weeks, the FRCs were thawed and washed. In vitro characteristics were compared between the PF and DF methods. Nine week were used as a starting material for FTRCs with the assumption that they can mimic disqualified FTRCs with respect to Hb recovery.ResultsThe PF method resulted in a significantly higher Hb recovery rate than the DF method (5D: 85.9 ± 2.1 vs. 81.1% ± 3.5%, p < 0.001) (9 W: 56.8 ± 4.0 vs. 52.4% ± 3.5%, p < 0.001). Both 5D and 9W‐derived FTRCs immediately after preparation prepared by the PF method were more resistible to haemolysis than those prepared by the DF method. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between PF and DF methods in Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG).ConclusionThe PF method was more suitable for RBC freezing than the DF method in terms of Hb recovery in FTRCs. Although it was only 4%–5%, the improvement in the Hb recovery rate will contribute to a more stable supply.
Combined center of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transposition: An ex vivo mechanical study
Authors: Clough W. Tyler , Dycus David L. , Barnhart Matthew D. , Hulse Don A. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique of combined center of rotation of angulation (CORA)‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) with tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) and to compare the load to failure between CBLO combined with TTT and CBLO or TTT alone.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationTwelve pairs of cadaveric pelvic limbs.MethodsSix pairs of cadaveric tibia were tested in each group (CBLO‐TTT versus CBLO) and (CBLO‐TTT versus TTT) with each limb randomly assigned to a treatment group. Construct stability was determined by applying a tensile force to each patellar tendon until failure occurred. Load at failure and mode of failure were recorded for each specimen.ResultsNo difference in mean load to failure was identified between CBLO‐TTT (897 N) and CBLO alone (943 N) (P = .81). There was also no difference in the mean load to failure between the CBLO‐TTT (928 N) and TTT alone (1046 N) (P = .12).ConclusionPerforming a TTT in combination with a CBLO does not weaken the construct failure to load when compared with each procedure performed alone.Clinical significanceA combined CBLO and TTT could be considered a viable option for concurrent management of a cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle and medial patella luxation.