bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altitude differentially alters the force‐velocity relationship after 3 weeks of power‐oriented resistance training in elite judokas
Authors: Almeida Filipa , Bonitch‐Góngora Juan , Feriche Belén , Schoenfeld Brad J. , de la Fuente Blanca , Padial Paulino 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of a 3‐week power‐oriented resistance training programme performed at moderate altitude on the lower‐limb maximal theoretical power and force‐velocity (F‐V) imbalance of elite judokas. Twenty‐two elite male judokas were randomly assigned to either a hypobaric hypoxia or normoxia group. Mechanical outputs from an incremental loaded countermovement jump test were assessed at sea level, before and after training, and 1 week later. Results indicated an increase in the maximal theoretical force and a reduction in the F‐V imbalance both at moderate altitude and sea level. Altitude training induced additional benefits when compared to sea level for F‐V imbalance (8.4%; CI: 0.3, 17.3%), maximal theoretical power (2.09 W·kg−1; CI: 0.13, 4.52 W·kg−1) and force (1.32 N·kg−1; CI: −0.12, 2.96 N·kg−1), jump height (3.24 cm; CI: 2.02, 4.80 cm) and optimal maximal theoretical force (1.61 N·kg−1; CI: 0.06, 3.60 N·kg−1) and velocity (0.08 m·s−1; CI: 0.00, 0.17 m·s−1) after the training period. The hypoxia group achieved their best results immediately after the training period, while the normoxia group achieved them one week later. These results suggest that a power‐oriented resistance training programme carried out at moderate altitude accelerates and improves the gains in lower‐limb muscle power, while minimizing lower‐limb imbalances. Therefore, it seems appropriate to compete immediately after the return to sea level and/or use altitude training as a tool to improve muscle power levels of athletes without tapering goals, especially in highly trained power athletes, since their window of adaptation for further power enhancement is smaller.
Contemporary hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injuries with intravenous and enteral vasoactive agents: A narrative review
Authors: Iovine Joseph A , Villanueva Ruben D , Werth Christopher M , Hlavacek Nicole L , Rollstin Amber D , Tawil Isaac , Sarangarm Preeyaporn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThe pathophysiology and hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injuries, including the use of intravenous and enteral vasoactive agents, are reviewed.SummarySpinal cord injuries are devastating neurological insults that in the acute setting lead to significant hemodynamic disturbances, including hypotension and bradycardia, that are influenced by the level of injury. High thoracic (usually defined as at or above T6) and cervical injuries often manifest with hypotension and bradycardia due to destruction of sympathetic nervous system activity and unopposed vagal stimulation to the myocardium, whereas lower thoracic injuries tend to result in hypotension alone due to venous pooling. Initial management includes maintaining euvolemia with crystalloids and maintaining or augmenting mean arterial pressure with the use of intravenous vasoactive agents to improve neurological outcomes. Choice of vasopressor should be based on patient-specific factors, particularly level of injury and presenting hemodynamics. This review includes the most recent literature on intravenous vasopressors as well as the limited evidence supporting the use of enteral vasoactive agents. Enteral vasoactive agents may be considered, when clinically appropriate, as a strategy to wean patients off of intravenous agents and facilitate transfer outside of the intensive care unit.ConclusionThe hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injuries often requires the use of vasoactive agents to meet mean arterial pressure goals and improve neurological outcomes. Patient-specific factors must be considered when choosing intravenous and enteral vasoactive agents.
Development of a Thin-Layer Chromatography-Enzymatic Test Combination Method for the Isolation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors From Thymelaea hirsuta
Authors: Abid Sanae , Maciuk Alexander , Fishmeister Rodolphe , Leblais Véronique , Legssyer Abdekhaleq , Mekhfi Hassane , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Aziz Mohamed , Lekchiri Abdenbi , Bnouham Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A rapid, easy and simple method for the isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors of the ethyl acetate extract of Thymelaea hirsuta (EaTh) by a combination of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzymatic test has been developed. EaTh was demonstrated previously a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In this study, we developed a simple TLC-enzymatic test (TLC/EZ) combination to isolate α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh.EaTh was extracted by Soxhlet from Thymelaea hirsuta (T. hirsuta). The EaTh was separated on a silica gel column and then on a TLC plate. After TLC separation, the TLC/EZ combination method was applied. α-glucosidase inhibitors were detected directly in the TLC plate using the glucose oxidase peroxidase method (GOD-POD). A good detection of active compounds was obtained in the TLC favoring the TLC/EZ method. Active compounds were then characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) analysis. The main α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh have a molecular ion [M + H]+ at m/z = 543. This proposed method is suitable for a reliable isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors present in EaTh. It could be proposed as an interesting alternative of the classical method for the isolation and purification of α-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts.
Adiposity-associated atrial fibrillation: molecular determinants, mechanisms, and clinical significance
Authors: Gawałko Monika , Saljic Arnela , Li Na , Abu-Taha Issam , Jespersen Thomas , Linz Dominik , Nattel Stanley , Heijman Jordi , Fender Anke , Dobrev Dobromir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Obesity is an important contributing factor to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications by causing systemic changes, such as altered haemodynamic, increased sympathetic tone, and low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In addition, adipose tissue is a metabolically active organ that comprises various types of fat deposits with discrete composition and localization that show distinct functions. Fatty tissue differentially affects the evolution of AF, with highly secretory active visceral fat surrounding the heart generally having a more potent influence than the rather inert subcutaneous fat. A variety of proinflammatory, profibrotic, and vasoconstrictive mediators are secreted by adipose tissue, particularly originating from cardiac fat, that promote atrial remodelling and increase the susceptibility to AF. In this review, we address the role of obesity-related factors and in particular specific adipose tissue depots in driving AF risk. We discuss the distinct effects of key secreted adipokines from different adipose tissue depots and their participation in cardiac remodelling. The possible mechanistic basis and molecular determinants of adiposity-related AF are discussed, and finally, we highlight important gaps in current knowledge, areas requiring future investigation, and implications for clinical management.
Predictive factors of distal stent graft-induced new entry after frozen elephant trunk procedure for aortic dissection
Authors: Hiraoka Arudo , Iida Yasunori , Furukawa Tomokuni , Ueki Chikara , Miyake Koichi , Mieno Makiko , Okamura Homare 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The incidence rate of distal stent graft-induced new entry (d-SINE) after frozen elephant trunk technique for aortic dissection remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and seek the clinical and anatomical predictive factors.

METHODS
This study is a retrospective multicentre evaluation of complications including d-SINE, aortic events and reintervention after the frozen elephant trunk procedure for aortic dissection.

RESULTS
Our cohort included a total of 177 consecutive patients who underwent the frozen elephant trunk procedure for acute and chronic aortic dissection at 5 centres in Japan from May 2014 to March 2021. The incidence rate of d-SINE was 14.1% (25/177 patients). The cumulative incidence of d-SINE was 7.1%, 12.4% and 21.4% after 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. d-SINE was not associated with mid-term survival rate. After competing risk regression analysis, onset time &gt;48 h (subdistribution hazard ratio, 3.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–12.79; P = 0.031) was detected as an independent predictor.

CONCLUSIONS
Awareness that there is a relatively higher incidence of d-SINE after frozen elephant trunk procedures is important. Non-hyper-acute phase was detected as an independent risk factor. Pre-emptive endovascular repair may be appropriate to protect new entry in high-risk patients.
Global prevalence of resistance to macrolides inMycoplasma pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Guotuan , Wu Peng , Tang Rui , Zhang Weidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma pneumoniae worldwide.MethodsPrior to 12 December 2020, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase databases were searched for epidemiological studies of M. pneumoniae resistance. Two reviewers independently extracted data from included studies. The extracted data include sampling population, total sampling number, the number of resistant strains and the molecular subtype of resistant strains. The estimate of resistance prevalence was calculated using the random-effects model.ResultsA total of 17 873 strains were obtained from five continents and reported in 98 investigations between 2000 and 2020, with 8836 strains characterized as macrolide resistant. In summary, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae was most common in Asia (63% [95% CI 56, 69]). In Europe, North America, South America and Oceania, the prevalence was 3% [2, 7], 8.6% [6, 11], 0% and 3.3%, respectively. Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has remained high in China (81% [73, 87]), with a significant increasing trend in South Korea (4% [1, 9] to 78% [49, 93], P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, a point mutation at 2063 from A to G was mostly related to M. pneumoniae macrolide resistance. In terms of clinical outcomes, longer cough (mean difference [MD]: 2.93 [0.26, 5.60]) and febrile days (MD: 1.52 [1.12, 1.92]), and prolonged hospital stays (MD: 0.76 [0.05, 1.46]) might be induced by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia.ConclusionsThe incidence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae varies globally, with eastern Asia having a greater degree of resistance. However, attention is also required in other areas, and antibiotic alternatives should be considered for treatment in high-prevalence countries.
How can natural language processing help model informed drug development?: a review
Authors: Bhatnagar Roopal , Sardar Sakshi , Beheshti Maedeh , Podichetty Jagdeep T 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize applications of natural language processing (NLP) in model informed drug development (MIDD) and identify potential areas of improvement.Materials and MethodsPublications found on PubMed and Google Scholar, websites and GitHub repositories for NLP libraries and models. Publications describing applications of NLP in MIDD were reviewed. The applications were stratified into 3 stages: drug discovery, clinical trials, and pharmacovigilance. Key NLP functionalities used for these applications were assessed. Programming libraries and open-source resources for the implementation of NLP functionalities in MIDD were identified.ResultsNLP has been utilized to aid various processes in drug development lifecycle such as gene-disease mapping, biomarker discovery, patient-trial matching, adverse drug events detection, etc. These applications commonly use NLP functionalities of named entity recognition, word embeddings, entity resolution, assertion status detection, relation extraction, and topic modeling. The current state-of-the-art for implementing these functionalities in MIDD applications are transformer models that utilize transfer learning for enhanced performance. Various libraries in python, R, and Java like huggingface, sparkNLP, and KoRpus as well as open-source platforms such as DisGeNet, DeepEnroll, and Transmol have enabled convenient implementation of NLP models to MIDD applications.DiscussionChallenges such as reproducibility, explainability, fairness, limited data, limited language-support, and security need to be overcome to ensure wider adoption of NLP in MIDD landscape. There are opportunities to improve the performance of existing models and expand the use of NLP in newer areas of MIDD.ConclusionsThis review provides an overview of the potential and pitfalls of current NLP approaches in MIDD.
Scattering of light in thin magnetized envelopes
Authors: Silant’ev N A , Alekseeva G A , Ananjevskaja Yu K 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We consider optically thin spherical stellar envelopes with dipole magnetic field. The source of magnetic dipole field is assumed a star with radius Rs and magnetic moment $\boldsymbol{ M}$. We also assume that a star emits the non-polarized radiation. The general formulas for the Stokes parameters of single scattered radiation are given for both small and large parameters $x=\omega _B/\omega =0.93\times 10^{-8}\lambda (\mu \rm{m})\, \mathit{ B}(\rm{G})$. The particular calculations are related with circular polarization of scattered radiation on the condition x ≪ 1 for the following electron number densities: Ne(r) = N0(Rs/r)n with n = 0, 1, and 2. It is shown that observed circular polarization is $p_\mathit{ V}\simeq 31\, x(R_\mathrm{ s})\, N_0\sigma _\mathrm{ T} R_\mathrm{ s}\, \cos \vartheta _\mathrm{ m}\, (1-\eta ^{n+2})/(n+2){{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, where σT is the Thomson cross-section, parameter x(Rs) corresponds to that at the star surface, and ϑm is the angle between the magnetic dipole $\boldsymbol{M}$ and the direction to a telescope. The value η = Rs/R0, where R0 is the radius of envelope.
Machine learning to identify ICL and BCG in simulated galaxy clusters
Authors: Marini I , Borgani S , Saro A , Murante G , Granato G L , Ragone-Figueroa C , Taffoni G 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, Machine Learning techniques offer fast and efficient solutions for classification problems that would require intensive computational resources via traditional methods. We examine the use of a supervised Random Forest to classify stars in simulated galaxy clusters after subtracting the member galaxies. These dynamically different components are interpreted as the individual properties of the stars in the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) and IntraCluster Light (ICL). We employ matched stellar catalogues (built from the different dynamical properties of BCG and ICL) of 29 simulated clusters from the DIANOGA set to train and test the classifier. The input features are cluster mass, normalized particle cluster-centric distance, and rest-frame velocity. The model is found to correctly identify most of the stars, while the larger errors are exhibited at the BCG outskirts, where the differences between the physical properties of the two components are less obvious. We investigate the robustness of the classifier to numerical resolution, redshift dependence (up to z = 1), and included astrophysical models. We claim that our classifier provides consistent results in simulations for z &lt; 1, at different resolution levels and with significantly different subgrid models. The phase-space structure is examined to assess whether the general properties of the stellar components are recovered: (i) the transition radius between BCG-dominated and ICL-dominated region is identified at 0.04 R200; (ii) the BCG outskirts (&gt;0.1 R200) is significantly affected by uncertainties in the classification process. In conclusion, this work suggests the importance of employing Machine Learning to speed up a computationally expensive classification in simulations.
Biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles for intraoperative parathyroid gland imaging in thyroidectomy
Authors: Zheng Weihui , Liu Chun , Jin Jiaoyue , Sun Wei , Zhao Jianqiang , Zhao Ming , Yao Shili , Zhu Bing , Chen Fan , Shang Jinbiao , Wang Kejing , Guo Peng , Qin Jiangjiang , Cheng Xiangdong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Parathyroid gland (PG) injury is the most common complication of thyroidectomy owing to the lack of approaches for surgeons to effectively distinguish PGs from surrounding thyroid glands (TGs) in the operation room. Herein, we report the development of biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as a promising contrast agent candidate for intraoperative PG visualization. We elucidated that locally administrated dark-colored IONPs readily diffuse in TGs but cannot infiltrate tissue-dense PGs, yielding a distinguishable contrast enhancement between PGs and TGs by naked eye observation. We performed unbiased and quantitative in vivo screenings to optimize particle size and concentration of IONPs for PG/TG contrast enhancement. Moreover, in vivo applications of IONPs via the local administration route demonstrate no adverse toxicities and can be biodegraded in the thyroid microenvironment within 3 months. To our knowledge, these promising findings provide the first in vivo evidence that IONPs can serve as a safe, biodegradable, and effective contrast agent candidate for improving PG visualization in thyroidectomy.
Predictable Effects of Visual Salience in Experimental Decisions and Games
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Camerer Colin F 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBottom-up stimulus-driven visual salience is largely automatic, effortless, and independent of a person’s “top-down” perceptual goals; it depends only on features of a visual stimulus. Algorithms have been carefully trained to predict stimulus-driven salience values for each pixel in any image. The economic question we address is whether these salience values help explain economic decisions. Our first experimental analysis shows that when people pick between sets of fruits that have artificially induced value, predicted salience (which is uncorrelated with value by design) leads to mistakes. Our second analysis uses evidence from games in which choices are locations in images. When players are trying to cooperatively match locations, predicted salience is highly correlated with the success of matching (r = .57). In competitive hider-seeker location games, players choose salient locations more often than predicted by the unique Nash equilibrium. This tendency creates a disequilibrium “seeker’s advantage” (seekers win more often than predicted in equilibrium). The result can be explained by level-k models in which predicted stimulus-driven salience influences level-0 choices and thereby influences overall perceptions, beliefs, and choices of higher-level players. The third analysis shows that there is an effect of visual salience in matrix games, but it is small and statistically weak. Applications to behavioral IO, price and tax salience, nudges and design, and visually influenced beliefs are suggested.
The Association Between Neighborhood Poverty and Hippocampal Volume Among Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: The Moderating Role of Social Engagement
Authors: Ku Benson S , Aberizk Katrina , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E , Cadenhead Kristin S , Cannon Tyrone D , Carrión Ricardo E , Compton Michael T , Cornblatt Barbara A , Druss Benjamin G , Mathalon Daniel H , Perkins Diana O , Tsuang Ming T , Woods Scott W , Walker Elaine F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reductions in hippocampal volume (HV) have been associated with both prolonged exposure to stress and psychotic illness. This study sought to determine whether higher levels of neighborhood poverty would be associated with reduced HV among individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and whether social engagement would moderate this association. This cross-sectional study included a sample of participants (N  =  174, age-range = 12–33 years, 35.1% female) recruited for the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Generalized linear mixed models tested the association between neighborhood poverty and bilateral HV, as well as the moderating role of social engagement on this association. Higher levels of neighborhood poverty were associated with reduced left (β  =  −0.180, P  =  .016) and right HV (β  =  −0.185, P  =  .016). Social engagement significantly moderated the relation between neighborhood poverty and bilateral HV. In participants with lower levels of social engagement (n  =  77), neighborhood poverty was associated with reduced left (β  =  −0.266, P  =  .006) and right HV (β = −0.316, P  = .002). Among participants with higher levels of social engagement (n = 97), neighborhood poverty was not significantly associated with left (β  =  −0.010, P  =  .932) or right HV (β  =  0.087, P  =  .473). In this study, social engagement moderated the inverse relation between neighborhood poverty and HV. These findings demonstrate the importance of including broader environmental influences and indices of social engagement when conceptualizing adversity and potential interventions for individuals at CHR-P.
The Tumorigenic Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Lezmi Elyad , Benvenisty Nissim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently evaluated for clinical applications due to their proliferation and differentiation capacities, raising the need to both assess and enhance, the safety of hPSC-based treatments. Distinct molecular features contribute to the tumorigenicity of hPSCs, manifested in the formation of teratoma tumors upon transplantation in vivo. Prolonged in vitro culturing of hPSCs can enhance selection for specific genetic aberrations, either at the chromosome or gene level. Some of these aberrations are tightly linked to human tumor pathology and increase the tumorigenic aggressiveness of the abnormal cells. In this perspective, we describe major tumor-associated risk factors entailed in hPSC-based therapy, and present precautionary and safety measures relevant for the development and application of such therapies.