bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse and longitudinal coupled nonlinear vibration of an axially moving Euler beam under variable tension
Authors: Wu JunHao , Tang YouQi , Chen Ling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When describing the vibration characteristics of the transverse parameters of an axially moving beam, the effects of nonlinear factors need to be introduced. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to solve the nonlinear vibration equations of horizontal and vertical coupling with mixed partial derivative terms of time and space using approximate analytical methods. The longitudinal displacement in the vibration process is very small and much smaller than the lateral displacement, so the equation is simplified to a nonlinear vibration governing equation only about the lateral displacement. However, in these studies, no specific numerical basis for the reason for the simplification is given. Therefore, this paper considers the coupling model of the Euler beam’s lateral and longitudinal vibrations, chooses the Galerkin truncation method to decouple and numerically solve it, and obtains the numerical solution of the lateral and longitudinal vibration displacements. Based on the calculation results of the direct multi-scale method and the differential quadrature method of the simplified model, and the solution results of the eight-order Galerkin truncation method of the coupled model, the steady-state response amplitudes of the coupled model and the simplified model are compared to verify the accuracy of the simplified model Therefore, it provides a strong theoretical basis for the simplified model that ignores the longitudinal vibration.
Research on ship detection of optical remote sensing image based on Yolo V5
Authors: Sun X M , Zhang Y J , Wang H , Du Y X 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to achieve ship target detection based on remote sensing images in complex backgrounds, this paper proposes a ship target detection algorithm based on YOLO V5. First, the improved Kmeans is used to cluster the data set, DIOU_loss is used for the candidate frame selection strategy, and finally the channel attention mechanism is introduced. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, the improved network has a slight decrease in detection speed compared with the original YOLOv5 network, and the effect of images with densely distributed small targets is significantly improved. On the same test set, the accuracy rate is reduced by 3.84%, the recall rate is increased by 32.73%, and mAP is increased by 22.48%.
A direct test of Auger cascade induced nucleation from heavy element contamination in C3F8 bubble chambers
Authors: Bressler M. , Lamb N. , Neilson R. , Windle S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding and quantifying the gamma-induced bubble
nucleation background in clean nuclear recoil detection bubble
chambers is of utmost importance to bubble chamber based dark matter
searches. We present data confirming the hypothesis that large Auger
cascades from high-Z elements such as iodine and xenon dramatically
increase the response of C3F8 bubble chambers
to gamma rays. These tests, performed with a small calibration
bubble chamber filled with
C3F8+𝒪(10) ppm xenon, show that the
probability of bubble nucleation scales with the rate of xenon
inner-shell vacancies, reaching values >10% per K-Shell vacancy
for Seitz thresholds of interest to future dark matter searches in
bubble chambers. We also place an upper limit on bubble nucleation
probability for argon Auger events, relevant to large future bubble
chambers which may contain some residual atmospheric argon after the
active fluid fill.
Introduction and implementation of the CMRP radiodosimeter — a novel wireless microdosimetry system
Authors: Vohradsky J. , Chartier L. , Pogossov A. , Alnaghy S. , Paino J. , Peracchi S. , Pan V. , Povoli M. , Kok A. , Tran L.T. , Rosenfeld A.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microdosimetry is a useful method to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) as well as dose equivalent of any mixed radiation field without prior knowledge of type of charged particles and their spectra. The need of portable, user friendly devices for microdosimetric Quality Assurance measurements in particle therapy are greatly preferable to avoid sophisticated setup and time-consuming data analysis.
Currently, the ability to perform microdosimetric measurements is restricted to those with extensive prior knowledge of the electronics involved and their experimental setup.
The Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) has developed a compact microdosimetric system named Radiodosimeter - a novel acquisition system that combines both wireless communication and plug-and-play design to provide a device that can be used with minimal setup. The system is compatible with current CMRP MicroPlus probe technology. The Radiodosimeter communicates with the client computer via Wi-Fi, allowing remote management and monitoring of acquisitions.
The system was bench-marked against the standard microdosimetric setup at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan and was found to have the same response. Several redundancy methods were demonstrated such as continuing an acquisition following disconnection from the client software and the ability to connect through different Wi-Fi modes (WPA2 Personal/Enterprise).
These features prove that the Radiodosimeter can operate independently of a client computer, indicating its potential to be used as a portable device for personal monitoring in mixed radiation fields, including for microdosimetric quantity verification predicted by Treatment Planning Software in particle therapy.
Contrail coverage over the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Meijer Vincent R , Kulik Luke , Eastham Sebastian D , Allroggen Florian , Speth Raymond L , Karaman Sertac , Barrett Steven R H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Contrails are potentially the largest contributor to aviation-attributable climate change, but estimates of their coverage are highly uncertain. No study has provided observation-based continental-scale estimates of the diurnal, seasonal, and regional variability in contrail coverage. We present contrail coverage estimates for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 for the contiguous United States, derived by developing and applying a deep learning algorithm to over 100 000 satellite images. We estimate that contrails covered an area the size of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined in the years 2018 and 2019. Comparing 2019 and 2020, we quantify a 35.8% reduction in distance flown above 8 km altitude and an associated reduction in contrail coverage of 22.3%. We also find that the diurnal pattern in contrail coverage aligns with that of flight traffic, but that the amount of contrail coverage per distance flown decreases in the afternoon.
How wildfires increase sensitivity of Amazon forests to droughts
Authors: Le Roux Renan , Wagner Fabien , Blanc Lilian , Betbeder Julie , Gond Valery , Dessard Hélène , Funatzu Beatriz , Bourgoin Clément , Cornu Guillaume , Herault Bruno , Montfort Frédérique , Sist Plinio , Begue Agnes , Dubreuil Vincent , Laurent François , Messner François , Fadhil Hasan Ali , Arvor Damien 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The phenology of tropical forests is tightly related to climate conditions. In the Amazon, the seasonal greening of forests is conditioned by solar radiation and rainfall. Yet, increasing anthropogenic pressures (e.g. logging and wildfires), raise concerns about the impacts of forest degradation on the functioning of forest ecosystems, especially in a climate change context. In this study, we relied on remote sensing data to assess the contribution of solar radiation and precipitation to forest greening in mature and fire degraded forests, with a focus on the 2015 drought event. Our results showed that forest greening is more dependent on water resources in degraded forests than in mature forests. As a consequence, the expected increase in drought episodes and associated fire occurrences under climate change could lead to a long-term drying of tropical forests.
Ultra-high sensitivity terahertz sensor based on a five-band absorber
Authors: Xiao Wenfeng , Ou Yanghong , Wang Shiyu , Wang Shuai , Meng Yanzi , Zhai Xiang , Xia Shengxuan , Wang Lingling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Terahertz sensing is one of the most promising methods for label-free and noninvasive detection of refractive index changes. However, the figure of merit (FOM) of terahertz sensors in practical applications has been low. In this paper, a metamaterial sensor based on simple stacking of gold and silicon dioxide is proposed, through whose structure not only narrow-band absorption with five absorption peaks is realized, but FOM is also improved to 1792. The excellent sensing performance and the mature manufacturing technology of this kind of structure provide a platform for the design of multi-band photodetectors and high-sensitivity sensors.
Generation of stable temporal doublet by a single-mode silicon core optical fiber
Authors: Ghosh Binoy Krishna , Ghosh Dipankar , Basu Mousumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A highly nonlinear single mode anomalous dispersion silicon-core fiber is designed and optimized at the operating wavelength of 2.2 µm for the purpose of generating stable temporal pulse doublets. To designate the output pulse pair as a perfect Gaussian doublet, two new parameters, dissimilarity factor (

ρ
g

) and co-similarity index (μ
cs) are introduced. Different input pulse parameters such as power, pulse width and chirp are optimized to obtain Gaussian temporal doublets at the shortest optimum length (∼few cm) which is sufficiently smaller in comparison to silica fibers reported earlier. The output pulse pairs remain as a doublet for quite a good stability length. In view of serving practical purposes, the possibilities of fluctuations of input power and pulse width are included to investigate the changes in stability length and effective repetition rate (ERR). The change in ERR along the fiber length produces a remarkable change in free carrier concentration in core, which has also been taken into account for the first time as per our knowledge to obtain the temporal pulse doublet in the so designed Si-core fiber.
Automated scripting of the dosimetric evaluation of adaptive versus non-adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Samant Pratik , George Ben , Whyntie Tom , Robinson Maxwell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To quantify the benefit of adaptive radiotherapy over non-adaptive radiotherapy it is useful to extract and compare dosimetric features of patient treatments in both scenarios. This requires Image-Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) matching of baseline planning to adaptive fraction imaging, followed by extraction of relevant dose metrics. This can be impractical to retrospectively perform manually for multiple patients. Approach. Here we present an algorithm for automatic IGRT matching of baseline planning with fraction imaging and performing automated dosimetric feature extraction from adaptive and non-adaptive treatment plans, thereby allowing comparison of the two scenarios. This workflow can be done in an entirely automated way via scripting solutions given structure and dose Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files from baseline and adaptive fractions. We validate this algorithm against the results of manual IGRT matching. We also demonstrate automated dosimetric feature extraction. Lastly, we combine these two scripting solutions to extract daily adaptive and non-adaptive radiotherapy dosimetric features from an initial cohort of patients treated on an MRI guided linear accelerator (MR-LINAC). Results. Our results demonstrate that automated feature extraction and IGRT matching was successful and comparable to results performed by a manual operator. We have therefore demonstrated a method for easy analysis of patients treated on an adaptive radiotherapy platform. Significance. We believe that this scripting solution can be used for quantifying the benefits of adaptive therapy and for comparing adaptive therapy against various non-adaptive IGRT scenarios (e.g. 6 degree of freedom couch rotation).
Neutronic analysis of Indian helium-cooled solid breeder tritium breeding module for testing in ITER
Authors: SWAMI H L , SHARMA Deepak , DANANI C , CHAUDHARI P , SRINIVASAN R , KUMAR Rajesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in ITER. The module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron multiplication. Beryllium also enhances tritium breeding. A design for the module is prepared for detailed analysis. Neutronic analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate, neutron distribution, and heat distribution in the module. The tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport analysis. The tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the design. The heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit design. The estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material zones. The total tritium produced in the HCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER, considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell time. The estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW, which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling circuit. The heat deposition in the test blanket model (TBM) is huge (around 9 GJ) for an entire day of operation of ITER, which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor blanket. As per the Brayton cycle, it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical energy. In terms of power production, this would be around 1655 MWh annually. The evaluation is carried out using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNL 2.1 nuclear cross section data. The HCSB TBM neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.
Effects of adaptive acceleration response of birds on collective behaviors
Authors: Jung Narina , Weon Byung Mook , Kim Pilwon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collective dynamics of many interacting particles have been widely studied because of a wealth of their behavioral patterns quite different from the individual traits. A selective way of birds that reacts to their neighbors is one of the main factors characterizing the collective behaviors. Individual birds can react differently depending on their local environment during the collective decision-making process, and these variable reactions can be a source of complex spatiotemporal flocking dynamics. Here, we extend the deterministic Cucker–Smale model by including the individual’s reaction to neighbors’ acceleration where the reaction time depends on the local state of polarity. Simulation results show that the adaptive reaction of individuals induces the collective response of the flock. Birds are not frozen in a complete synchronization but remain sensitive to perturbations coming from environments. We confirm that the adaptivity of the reaction also generates natural fluctuations of orientation and speed, both of which are indeed scale-free as experimentally reported. This work may provide essential insight in designing resilient systems of many active agents working in complex, unpredictable environments.
Tunneling estimates and approximate controllability for hypoelliptic equations
Authors: Laurent Camille , Léautaud Matthieu 
Published: March 2022

This memoir is concerned with quantitative unique continuation estimates for equations involving a “sum of squares” operator

L

\mathcal {L}

on a compact manifold

M

\mathcal {M}

assuming:

(
i
)

(i)

the Chow-Rashevski-Hörmander condition ensuring the hypoellipticity of

L

\mathcal {L}

, and

(
i
i
)

(ii)

the analyticity of

M

\mathcal {M}

and the coefficients of

L

\mathcal {L}

.

The first result is the tunneling estimate

‖
φ

‖

L
2

(
ω
)

≥
C

e

−
c

λ

k
2

\|\varphi \|_{L^2(\omega )} \geq Ce^{- c\lambda ^{\frac {k}{2}}}

for normalized eigenfunctions

φ
\varphi

of

L

\mathcal {L}

from a nonempty open set

ω
⊂

M

\omega \subset \mathcal {M}

, where

k
k

is the hypoellipticity index of

L

\mathcal {L}

and

λ
\lambda

the eigenvalue.

The main result is a stability estimate for solutions to the hypoelliptic wave equation

(

∂
t
2

+

L

)
u
=
0

(\partial _t^2+\mathcal {L})u=0

: for

T
>
2

sup

x
∈

M

(
d
i
s
t
(
x
,
ω
)
)

T>2 \sup _{x \in \mathcal {M}}(dist(x,\omega ))

(here,

d
i
s
t

dist

is the sub-Riemannian distance), the observation of the solution on

(
0
,
T
)
×
ω

(0,T)\times \omega

determines the data. The constant involved in the estimate is

C

e

c

Λ
k

Ce^{c\Lambda ^k}

where

Λ
\Lambda

is the typical frequency of the data.

We then prove the approximate controllability of the hypoelliptic heat equation

(

∂
t

+

L

)
v
=

1

ω

f

(\partial _t+\mathcal {L})v=\mathbb {1}_\omega f

in any time, with appropriate (exponential) cost, depending on

k
k

. In case

k
=
2

k=2

(Grushin, Heisenberg...), we further show approximate controllability to trajectories with polynomial cost in large time.

We also explain how the analyticity assumption can be relaxed, and a boundary

∂

M

\partial \mathcal {M}

can be added in some situations.

Most results turn out to be optimal on a family of Grushin-type operators.

The main proof relies on the general strategy to produce quantitative unique continuation estimates, developed by the authors in Laurent-Léautaud (2019).
Connecting Extramural English with ELT: Teacher Reports from Austria, Finland, France, and Sweden
Authors: Schurz Alexandra , Sundqvist Pia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Today, we globally observe a sharp increase in learners’ engagement in extramural (out-of-class) English (EE; Sundqvist 2009). This undoubtedly affords new opportunities for, but also challenges to, English language teaching (ELT) and learning. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore this topic from a cross-national perspective. Upper secondary English teachers (N = 534) from Austria, France (‘dubbing countries’), Finland, and Sweden (‘subtitling countries’) answered a web-based survey on their students’ EE practices and the estimated impact on teaching and learning. Results showed that overall EE use appears lower in the dubbing countries, especially France (p &lt; 0.001). The teachers’ estimated effect of EE on different areas of learning overall was also the weakest in France (p ≤ .01). Further, teachers in subtitling countries agreed more strongly with statements about adapting instruction to what is (not) learned extramurally (p &lt; 0.001). As EE use is growing, individual learner needs within a class, such as emerging gaps in learner motivation and/or language knowledge and skills, will increasingly have to be catered to in ELT.
Functional and structural brain network correlates of visual hallucinations in Lewy body dementia
Authors: Mehraram Ramtin , Peraza Luis R , Murphy Nicholas R E , Cromarty Ruth A , Graziadio Sara , O’Brien John T , Killen Alison , Colloby Sean J , Firbank Michael , Su Li , Collerton Daniel , Taylor John Paul , Kaiser Marcus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVisual hallucinations are a common feature of Lewy body dementia. Previous studies have shown that visual hallucinations are highly specific in differentiating Lewy body dementia from Alzheimer’s disease dementia and Alzheimer–Lewy body mixed pathology cases. Computational models propose that impairment of visual and attentional networks is aetiologically key to the manifestation of visual hallucinations symptomatology. However, there is still a lack of experimental evidence on functional and structural brain network abnormalities associated with visual hallucinations in Lewy body dementia.We used EEG source localization and network based statistics to assess differential topographical patterns in Lewy body dementia between 25 participants with visual hallucinations and 17 participants without hallucinations. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess structural connectivity between thalamus, basal forebrain and cortical regions belonging to the functionally affected network component in the hallucinating group, as assessed with network based statistics. The number of white matter streamlines within the cortex and between subcortical and cortical regions was compared between hallucinating and not hallucinating groups and correlated with average EEG source connectivity of the affected subnetwork. Moreover, modular organization of the EEG source network was obtained, compared between groups and tested for correlation with structural connectivity.Network analysis showed that compared to non-hallucinating patients, those with hallucinations feature consistent weakened connectivity within the visual ventral network, and between this network and default mode and ventral attentional networks, but not between or within attentional networks. The occipital lobe was the most functionally disconnected region. Structural analysis yielded significantly affected white matter streamlines connecting the cortical regions to the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the thalamus in hallucinating compared to not hallucinating patients. The number of streamlines in the tract between the basal forebrain and the cortex correlated with cortical functional connectivity in non-hallucinating patients, while a correlation emerged for the white matter streamlines connecting the functionally affected cortical regions in the hallucinating group.This study proposes, for the first time, differential functional networks between hallucinating and not hallucinating Lewy body dementia patients, and provides empirical evidence for existing models of visual hallucinations. Specifically, the outcome of the present study shows that the hallucinating condition is associated with functional network segregation in Lewy body dementia and supports the involvement of the cholinergic system as proposed in the current literature.
MDSCs and T cells in solid tumors and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an immunosuppressive speech
Authors: Cioccarelli Chiara , Molon Barbara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of cells expanded during multiple pathological settings, including cancers. In tumors, MDSCs are dominant drivers of T-cell immunosuppression. To accomplish their job, they exploit multiple mechanisms ultimately leading to the paralysis of anti-tumor immunity. Among the variety of MDSC-ways of working within the tumor microenvironment, the generation of reactive species and the metabolic reprogramming have emerged as pivotal determinants of their immunosuppressive power. In this review we will overview integral mechanisms of MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, with a particular focus on Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.