bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Carboniferous Schlingen in the Gotthard nappe (Central Alps) and their relation to the Variscan evolution
Authors: Bühler M. , Zurbriggen R. , Berger A. , Herwegh M. , Rubatto D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPre‐Mesozoic basements of the Alpine belt commonly contain kilometre‐scale folds with steeply inclined axial planes and fold axes, which are named “Schlingen” folds. The structural evolution of Schlingen folds and their geodynamic significance for the Variscan evolution are unclear. To close this gap, this study investigates a well-preserved Schlingen structure in the Gotthard nappe (Central Swiss Alps). This Schlingen fold evolved by a combination of shearing and folding under amphibolite-facies conditions. Detailed digital field mapping, coupled with petrographical and structural investigations, reveal local synkinematic migmatisation in the fold hinges parallel to axial planes. Zircon crystals from leucosomes in the fold hinges have magmatic cores that yield an age of 449 ± 3 Ma, and rims with a range of dates from ~ 270 to 330 Ma (main cluster at 315 ± 4 Ma). We ascribe this late Carboniferous age to peak metamorphic conditions of the late Variscan Schlingen phase. Moreover, we describe for the first time post-Schlingen, but pre-Alpine transpressional deformation. The investigated Schlingen fold is discussed with respect to comparable structures of the wider Alpine realm, located in the most southern part of the Variscan belt. We propose that Schlingen formation concurred with the crustal-scale transpressional tectonics. This scenario separates, at least in a structural sense, the Southern Variscides from more northern parts (also Gondwana derived), where Schlingen folds are absent.
Surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide registry-based study with patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Holmberg Siril T. , Gulati Agnete M. , Johansen Tonje Okkenhaug , Salvesen Øyvind O. , Lønne Vetle Vangen , Solberg Tore K. , Tronvik Erling A. , Nygaard Øystein P. , Gulati Sasha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) versus those without rheumatic diseases.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. The primary outcome was change in the Neck Disability Index (NDI) at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the European Myelopathy Score (EMS), quality of life (EuroQoL-5D [EQ-5D]), numeric rating scales (NRS) for headache, neck pain, and arm pain, and complications.

Results
Among 905 participants operated between 2012 and 2018, 35 had RA or AS. There were significant improvements in all PROMs at 1 year and no statistically significant difference between the cohorts in mean change in NDI (− 0.64, 95% CI − 8.1 to 6.8, P = .372), EQ-5D (0.10, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.24, P = .168), NRS neck pain (− 0.8, 95% CI − 2.0 to 0.4, P = .210), NRS arm pain (− 0.6, 95% CI − 1.9 to 0.7, P = .351), and NRS headache (− 0.5, 95% CI − 1.7 to 0.8, P = .460).

Discussion and conclusion
Our study adds to the limited available evidence that surgical treatment cannot only arrest further progression of myelopathy but also improve functional status, neurological outcomes, and quality of life in patients with rheumatic disease.
Face memory and facial expression recognition are both affected by wearing disposable surgical face masks
Authors: Ventura M. , Palmisano A. , Innamorato F. , Tedesco G. , Manippa V. , Caffò A. O. , Rivolta Davide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFaces are fundamental stimuli for social interactions since they provide significant information about people’s identity and emotional states. With the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic, global use of preventive measures, such as disposable surgical face masks (DSFMs), has been imposed. The massive use of DSFMs covering a large part of the face could interfere with identity and emotion recognition. Thus, the main aim of the current study was (i) to assess how DSFMs affect identity recognition (Experiment 1), (ii) how DSFMs affect emotion recognition (Experiment 2), and (iii) whether individual empathy levels correlate with emotion recognition with DSFMs. The potential relation between identity and emotion recognition with and without DSFMs was also investigated. Two tasks were administered to 101 healthy participants: (i) the Old-new face memory task aimed to assess whether the learning context (i.e., DSFMs on/off) affects recognition performance, whereas (ii) the Facial affect task explored DSFMs’ effect on emotion recognition. Results from the former showed that the stimuli’s features in the learning stage affect recognition performances; that is, faces wearing DSFMs were better recognized if wearing DSFMs at first exposure and vice versa. Results from the Facial affect task showed that DSFMs lead to reduced disgust, happiness, and sadness recognition. No significant correlation emerged between identity and emotion recognition. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was administered to assess affective and cognitive empathy; however, IRI scores did not correlate with either face memory recognition or facial affect recognition. Overall, our results demonstrate (a) a “context effect” for face memory with and without DSFMs; (b) a disruptive effect of DSFMs depending on the expressed emotion; and (c) no correlation between empathy and emotion recognition with DSFMs.
Aloe polysaccharide promotes osteogenesis potential of adipose-derived stromal cells via BMP-2/Smads and prevents ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis
Authors: Yao Xue-wei , Liu He-dong , Ren Mao-xian , Li Tian-lin , Jiang Wen-kai , Zhou Zhi , Liu Zhi-yi , Yang Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Aloe polysaccharide (AP) is a type of an active macromolecule of Aloe vera, which contributes to its function. However, whether AP possesses anti-osteoporosis properties is unknown.

Methods
Adipose-derived stromal cells were treated with different concentrations of AP. Early and late osteogenesis were, respectively, evaluated by ALP and Alizarin Red S staining. The effect of AP on the processes of adipogenesis inhibition in ADSCs was analyzed by oil red O staining. Western blot was used to assess the expression of osteogenic and adipogenic related factors. Then, Noggin was administered to further confirm the mechanism by which AP promotes the osteogenesis of ADSCs. Finally, 40 female SD rats were classified into a bilateral laparotomy group (Sham group) and three bilateral ovariectomy groups: OVX group, OVX + AP group, and OVX + AP + Noggin group. The bilateral rat femurs were collected to perform micro-CT scanning, HE, Masson trichrome, and Oil red O staining.

Results
The results indicated that AP could increase ALP expression and calcium deposition. Through molecular mechanisms, AP promotes the protein expression of COL1A1, OPN, and ALP in ADSCs, but downregulates the expression of PPARγ. Also, AP directs ADSCs’ fate by stimulating the BMP2/Smads signaling pathway. In vivo, the rat AP-treated had more trabecular bone than the OVX rat, indicating partial protection from cancellous bone loss after treatment with AP.

Conclusion
Our results show that AP may promote osteogenesis of ADSCs through BMP-2/Smads signaling pathway and inhibits lipogenic differentiation. Thus, AP might be a promising alternative medicine to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Mapping risks associated with soil copper contamination using availability and bio-availability proxies at the European scale
Authors: Sereni Laura , Guenet Bertrand , Lamy Isabelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil contamination by trace elements like copper (Cu) can affect soil functioning. Environmental policies with guidelines and soil survey measurements still refer to the total content of Cu in soils. However, Cu content in soil solution or free Cu content have been shown to be better proxies of risks of Cu mobility or (bio-)availability for soil organisms. Several empirical equations have been defined at the local scale to predict the amount of Cu in soil solution based on both total soil Cu content and main soil parameters involved in the soil/solution partitioning. Nevertheless, despite the relevance for risk assessment, these equations are not applied at a large spatial scale due to difficulties to perform changes from local to regional. To progress in this challenge, we collected several empirical equations from literature and selected those allowing estimation of the amount of Cu in solution, used as a proxy of available Cu, from the knowledge of both total soil Cu content and soil parameters. We did the same for the estimation of free Cu in solution, used as a proxy of bio-available Cu. These equations were used to provide European maps of (bio-)available Cu based on the one of total soil Cu over Europe. Results allowed comparing the maps of available and bio-available Cu at the European scale. This was done with respective median values of each form of Cu to identify specific areas of risks linked to these two proxies. Higher discrepancies were highlighted between the map of bio-available Cu and the map of soil total Cu compared to the Cu available map. Such results can be used to assess environmental-related issues for land use planning.
Using the water footprint concept for water use efficiency labelling of consumer products: the Greek experience
Authors: Nydrioti Ioanna , Grigoropoulou Helen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFreshwater is crucial for food supply, as irrigation water and as production or incorporated water in industrial production of consumer goods (e.g. food, cosmetics). Manufacturing industries follow different protocols and receive different certifications for water management and efficiency in their plants, which are also labelled on the packaging. Nowadays, consumers appear to be increasingly concerned about environmental challenges, therefore many sustainability labels have been developed (carbon, water, ecological footprint) to facilitate consumers to make more sustainable choices concerning their purchases. Consumers’ behaviour towards carbon footprint labels has been thoroughly examined in international literature; however, WF labelling studies are very limited. The key to water efficiency labelling in consumer products could be the water footprint (WF), as it measures the total volume of freshwater used to produce a product, over the full supply chain, including virtual water, “hidden” in the products, services and processes. The implementation of WF labelling of consumer products in Greece was investigated, using a questionnaire with demographical data and statements on water sustainability. The results indicate that younger consumers are not quite aware of environmental challenges related to water. According to the findings, WF could be an effective marketing driver towards water sustainability since consumers prefer a quantified label concerning water consumption, regardless of their educational level, and they are willing to pay an extra price for water sustainable products even if they have an unstable job. Manufacturers could then promote their sustainable profile and performance effectively by adopting a WF relevant labelling.
Understanding heterogeneity of responses to, and optimizing clinical efficacy of, exercise training in older adults: NIH NIA Workshop summary
Authors: Erickson Melissa L. , Allen Jacob M. , Beavers Daniel P. , Collins Linda M. , Davidson Karina W. , Erickson Kirk I. , Esser Karyn A. , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Laber Eric B. , Peterson Charlotte A. , Peterson Courtney M. , Reusch Jane E. , Thyfault John P. , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Zierath Juleen R. , Goodpaster Bret H. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Buford Thomas W. , Sparks Lauren M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone of preventive medicine and a promising strategy to intervene on the biology of aging. Variation in the response to exercise is a widely accepted concept that dates back to the 1980s with classic genetic studies identifying sequence variations as modifiers of the VO2max response to training. Since that time, the literature of exercise response variance has been populated with retrospective analyses of existing datasets that are limited by a lack of statistical power from technical error of the measurements and small sample sizes, as well as diffuse outcomes, very few of which have included older adults. Prospective studies that are appropriately designed to interrogate exercise response variation in key outcomes identified a priori and inclusive of individuals over the age of 70 are long overdue. Understanding the underlying intrinsic (e.g., genetics and epigenetics) and extrinsic (e.g., medication use, diet, chronic disease) factors that determine robust versus poor responses to various exercise factors will be used to improve exercise prescription to target the pillars of aging and optimize the clinical efficacy of exercise training in older adults. This review summarizes the proceedings of the NIA-sponsored workshop entitled, “Understanding Heterogeneity of Responses to, and Optimizing Clinical Efficacy of, Exercise Training in Older Adults” and highlights the importance and current state of exercise response variation research, particularly in older adults, prevailing challenges, and future directions.
What are the Trends and Explanations of Perceived Social Mobility in Poland?
Authors: Gugushvili Alexi , Zelinska Olga 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the subjective aspect of socioeconomic position and its implications for wellbeing across social science disciplines. One of the emerging dimensions of this scholarship is research on perceived social mobility, its determinants, and consequences. To date, most existing evidence in this area is based on cross-sectional data and corresponding methods, which are biased by the unobserved heterogeneity of individuals. The latter calls into question existing findings on the nature of perceived social mobility. To provide more robust estimates of trends over time and explanations of perceived social mobility, we explore two complementary datasets covering the period between the late 1990s and the late 2010s in Poland. Due to the major economic, political and social changes, exploring subjective perceptions of intergenerational mobility might be particularly important in post-communist settings. The analysis allows us to conclude that, over the last two decades, significant changes in perceived social mobility have taken place in Poland. In terms of the individual-level predictors of this trend, cross-sectional and random-effects analyses over-estimate the importance of certain characteristics, such as age, education, or size of locality, yet, based on the results from more robust fixed-effects estimates, we conclude that factors such as subjective social position, household income, and objective social mobility are important explanations as to why some people believe they are doing better or worse than their parents.
Landmark tracking in 4D ultrasound using generalized representation learning
Authors: Wulff Daniel , Hagenah Jannis , Ernst Floris 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we present and validate a novel concept for target tracking in 4D ultrasound. The key idea is to replace image patch similarity metrics by distances in a latent representation. For this, 3D ultrasound patches are mapped into a representation space using sliced-Wasserstein autoencoders.

Methods
A novel target tracking method for 4D ultrasound is presented that performs tracking in a representation space instead of in images space. Sliced-Wasserstein autoencoders are trained in an unsupervised manner which are used to map 3D ultrasound patches into a representation space. The tracking procedure is based on a greedy algorithm approach and measuring distances between representation vectors to relocate the target . The proposed algorithm is validated on an in vivo data set of liver images. Furthermore, three different concepts for training the autoencoder are presented to provide cross-patient generalizability, aiming at minimal training time on data of the individual patient.

Results
Eight annotated 4D ultrasound sequences are used to test the tracking method. Tracking could be performed in all sequences using all autoencoder training approaches. A mean tracking error of 3.23 mm could be achieved using generalized fine-tuned autoencoders. It is shown that using generalized autoencoders and fine-tuning them achieves better tracking results than training subject individual autoencoders.

Conclusion
It could be shown that distances between encoded image patches in a representation space can serve as a meaningful measure of the image patch similarity, even under realistic deformations of the anatomical structure. Based on that, we could validate the proposed tracking algorithm in an in vivo setting. Furthermore, our results indicate that using generalized autoencoders, fine-tuning on only a small number of patches from the individual patient provides promising results.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dapagliflozin Guards Against Cadmium-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Modulation of IL6/STAT3 and TLR2/TNFα Signaling Pathways
Authors: Refaie Marwa M. M. , Rifaai Rehab Ahmed , Fawzy Michael Atef , Shehata Sayed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant that leads to severe cardiotoxic hazards. Several studies were carried out to protect the myocardium against Cd-induced cardiotoxicity. Up till now, no researches evaluated the protective effect of dapagliflozin (DAP) against Cd induced cardiotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of DAP in such model with deep studying of the involved mechanisms. 40 male Wistar albino rats were included in current study. Cd (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 7 days to induce cardiotoxicity with or without co-administration of DAP in three different doses (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg/day) orally for 7 days. Our data revealed that Cd could induce cardiotoxicity with significant increase in serum cardiac enzymes, heart weight, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), toll like receptor2 (TLR2), interleukin 6 (IL6) and caspase3 immunoexpression with abnormal histopathological changes. In addition, Cd significantly decreased the level of heme oxygenase1 (HO1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Co-administration of DAP could ameliorate Cd cardiotoxicity with significant improvement of the biochemical and histopathological changes. We found that DAP had protective properties against Cd induced cardiotoxicity and this may be due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties and modulation of IL6/STAT3 and TLR2/TNFα-signaling pathways.
Histopathological Features of Pendred Syndrome Thyroids Align with Differences in the Expression of Thyroid-Specific Markers, Apical Iodide Transporters, and Ciliogenesis Process
Authors: Vázquez-Román V. , Cameselle-Teijeiro J. M. , Fernández-Santos J. M. , Ríos-Moreno M. J. , Loidi L. , Ortiz T. , Martín-Lacave I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes pendrin. Pendred thyroid tissue is supposedly altered by the absence of functional pendrin, but it is still unknown whether other iodide exchangers could compensate for the loss of the protein. Moreover, we have recently described that primary cilium, a conserved structure present at the apical surface of normal follicular cells, suffers different alterations in functional thyroid diseases. We aimed (1) to better understand the histopathological changes experienced by PDS thyroids, (2) to analyze the expression of different thyroid-specific genes and alternative iodide transporters and, finally, (3) to determine whether those changes may alter the morphological pattern of primary cilia in follicular cells. Thyroid samples from a series of four PDS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, and morphometry to evaluate changes in primary cilia frequency and length. We found thyroid follicular nodular disease in all PDS thyroids, frequently in association with follicular adenomas. There were only slight changes in the expression of thyroid-specific markers. Although no positivity for pendrin was found, cytoplasmic immunostaining for ANO-1, CLC-5, and CFTR was stronger in diffuse hyperplastic areas when compared to areas with highly cellular follicular nodules (HCFNs). HCFNs and follicular adenomas always showed diminished ciliary frequency and length. Our results suggest a direct relationship between the absence of functional pendrin and the loss of the normal thyroid architecture in PDS patients, which was also accompanied by differences in the expression of specific immunohistochemical markers and altered ciliogenesis. The present data may help the pathologist in screening for PDS.
Kramers–Moyal analysis of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations at sub-ion scales
Authors: Benella Simone , Stumpo Mirko , Consolini Giuseppe , Alberti Tommaso , Laurenza Monica , Yordanova Emiliya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the framework of statistical time series analysis of complex dynamics, we present a multiscale characterization of solar wind turbulence in the near-earth environment. The data analysis, based on the Markov process theory, is meant to estimate the Kramers–Moyal coefficients associated with the measured magnetic field fluctuations. In fact, when the scale-to-scale dynamics can be successfully described as a Markov process, first- and second-order Kramers–Moyal coefficients provide a complete description of the dynamics in terms of Langevin stochastic process. The analysis is carried out using high-resolution magnetic field measurements gathered by Cluster during a fast solar wind period on January 20, 2007. This analysis extends recent findings in the near-Sun environment with the aim of testing the universality of the Markovian nature of the magnetic field fluctuations in the sub-ion/kinetic domain.
Modelling Human Word Learning and Recognition Using Visually Grounded Speech
Authors: Merkx Danny , Scholten Sebastiaan , Frank Stefan L. , Ernestus Mirjam , Scharenborg Odette 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany computational models of speech recognition assume that the set of target words is already given. This implies that these models learn to recognise speech in a biologically unrealistic manner, i.e. with prior lexical knowledge and explicit supervision. In contrast, visually grounded speech models learn to recognise speech without prior lexical knowledge by exploiting statistical dependencies between spoken and visual input. While it has previously been shown that visually grounded speech models learn to recognise the presence of words in the input, we explicitly investigate such a model as a model of human speech recognition. We investigate the time course of noun and verb recognition as simulated by the model using a gating paradigm to test whether its recognition is affected by well-known word competition effects in human speech processing. We furthermore investigate whether vector quantisation, a technique for discrete representation learning, aids the model in the discovery and recognition of words. Our experiments show that the model is able to recognise nouns in isolation and even learns to properly differentiate between plural and singular nouns. We also find that recognition is influenced by word competition from the word-initial cohort and neighbourhood density, mirroring word competition effects in human speech comprehension. Lastly, we find no evidence that vector quantisation is helpful in discovering and recognising words, though our gating experiment does show that the LSTM-VQ model is able to recognise the target words earlier.