bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) flower extract in Urtica dioica L. seed gum: Characterization, antioxidant/antimicrobial properties, and in vitro digestion
Authors: Kenari Reza Esmaeilzadeh , Razavi Razie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBougainvillea spectabilis extract (BSE), a rich source of bioactive compounds like phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, was used for encapsulation with Urtica dioica L. seed gum. The extract was obtained using shaking, bath, and probe ultrasound. The results showed that probe ultrasound extract was more efficient, as reflected by the higher value of total phenolic (4354.15 mg GAE/100 g FW), flavonoid (2431.25 mg CE/100 g FW), and anthocyanin content (106.57 mg CGE/100 g FW). BSE was encapsulated in U. dioica L. seed gum at 1:1 and 1:2 core to coating ratio. In both DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay, higher antioxidant activity was observed in the encapsulated extract than in the free extract. Encapsulated extracts exhibited 87.9 nm average diameter (polydispersity index below 0.23) and negative zeta potential. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica was 112.5, 87.5, 112.5, and 87.5 μg/ml, respectively, while MIC of the free extract against S. aureus and E. coli was 150 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. The phenolic compounds are gradually released from the nanoparticles in the gastric and small intestine phase, whereas free extract released phenolic compounds quickly after entering the gastric phase. Considering antioxidant/antimicrobial activity and release properties, nanoparticles with a 1:1 ratio of core to coating had the potential to use as an effective natural preservative agent in food products besides the delivery of bioactive compounds to the human body.
Mapping magnetism: Geophysical modelling of stratigraphic features by using in situ magnetic susceptibility measurements at Pinnacle Point 5‐6 North, South Africa
Authors: Dinckal Ada , Fisher Erich C. , Herries Andy I. R. , Marean Curtis W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study utilizes geostatistical modelling of magnetic susceptibility (MS) for geophysical prospection of archaeological stratigraphy at the Middle Stone Age rock shelter site of Pinnacle Point 5‐6 North. These models are overlaid onto high‐resolution photography of the stratigraphic sequence to study the lateral and vertical changes within the magnetic signature of the archaeological sequence and correlate these changes to micromorphological interpretations previously made at the site. In situ analysis is reinforced by laboratory magnetic mineralogical analysis utilizing MS; frequency‐dependent susceptibility (χFD); isothermal remanent magnetization; and anhysteric remanent magnetization to understand the composition of the magnetic minerals creating the in situ signature. This study shows that there is consistent variation in the magnetic signatures of the sequence that can be mapped with in situ MS; there is a correlation with laboratory analysis of magnetic mineralogy, which provides insight into changes in human behaviour; and our models correlate well with micromorphological interpretations of the site.
When are global decisions strategic?
Authors: Leiblein Michael J. , Reuer Jeffrey J. , Larsen Marcus M. , Pedersen Torben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryA robust academic field must set and revisit boundary conditions that define where, when, and to whom its insights apply. This is particularly true for a field such as global strategy where the ubiquity of the key terms invites indiscriminate use of the phrase. This essay argues that it is useful to define the field of global strategy as the subset of questions that meet the criteria for both “global” and “strategic” decisions. We offer an a priori approach to identifying and formulating problems that are unique to the global strategy field, suggest how our approach may help scholars better understand the “strategicness” of global decisions, and ultimately, offer a way for individuals with varied disciplinary or topical interests to connect with the field's core.Managerial SummaryIt has been observed that few executives can clearly articulate their firm's global strategy. This observation is disappointing given the development of theoretical insights from the fields of international business and strategic management that suggest alternative ways in which organizations can reliably and repeatedly create, capture, and deliver value. The existence of this shortcoming suggests that it will be beneficial to develop unambiguous statements that define what constitutes a global, a strategic, and a globally strategic decision. This essay offers a priori definitions of these terms in the hope of helping individuals both consider the unique and distinctive elements of global strategy and better understand the core decisions that guide an organization's pursuit of its global objectives, scope, and sources of advantage.
Intact high‐resolution working memory binding in a patient with developmental amnesia and selective hippocampal damage
Authors: Allen Richard J. , Atkinson Amy L. , Vargha‐Khadem Faraneh , Baddeley Alan D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDebate continues regarding the possible role of the hippocampus across short‐term and working memory tasks. The current study examined the possibility of a hippocampal contribution to precise, high‐resolution cognition and conjunctive memory. We administered visual working memory tasks featuring a continuous response component to a well‐established developmental amnesic patient with relatively selective bilateral hippocampal damage (Jon) and healthy controls. The patient was able to produce highly accurate response judgments regarding conjunctions of color and orientation or color and location, using simultaneous or sequential presentation of stimuli, with no evidence of any impairment in working memory binding, categorical accuracy, or continuous precision. These findings indicate that hippocampal damage does not necessarily lead to deficits in high‐resolution cognitive performance, even when the damage is severe and bilateral.
The physical impact of blowing, Soret and Dufour over an unsteady stretching surface immersed in a porous medium in the presence of ternary nanofluid
Authors: Yogeesha K. M. , Megalamani Savita B. , Gill Harjot S. , Umeshaiah M. , Madhukesh Javali K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study discusses the thermal and mass dispersal of ternary unsteady nanofluid flow in the existence of Soret and Dufour effects over a stretched surface with the Stefan blowing (SB) effect in porous media. The “blowing effect” is created by a large number of molecules or nanoscale particles moving from one point to another. SB is a mass transfer of species application that gives the notion of the blowing effect, as well as the Soret and Dufour effects, which are also being considered in the current study. The governing equations that pose the problem are solved using appropriate similarity variables and then translated into ordinary differential equations. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 and the shooting process are used to solve the reduced equations. The effect of the different dimensionless restrictions on the relevant profiles is visually depicted. According to the analysis, the rise in the porosity constraint will decline the velocity of the fluid. The SB parameter directly influences velocity, thermal, and concentration profiles. The Soret constraint increases concentration, whereas the Schmidt number has the opposite effect. With the addition of solid volume fraction, the rate of mass transmission and surface drag force reduces while the rate of heat dispersion increases.
Photodegradation of 4‐chlorophenol using as photocatalyst ZnFe2O4 spinels: influence of the complexing agent in the photocatalytic activity
Authors: Hernández‐Acosta Diego , Jácome‐Acatitla Gabriela , García‐Mendoza Cinthia , Álvarez‐Lemus Mayra , López‐Gónzalez Rosendo , Tzompantzi Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐chlorophenol is one of the most commonly used products in industrial processes. This compound exhibits a high chemical stability that makes its removal from wastewater difficult by conventional methods. Although diverse methods have been applied for its elimination, photocatalysis is one of the only techniques with several advantages, such as nontoxic by‐products and mild reaction conditions. One of the goals in improving this remedial technology is the development of materials with adequate physicochemical properties that enhance the catalytic activity and thus allow the complete degradation of the pollutant or its elimination in shorter periods of time.RESULTSMagnetic ZnFe2O4 catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method using as complexing agents oxalic, citric, and tartaric acids. The specific surface areas of the samples were between 23.938 and 48.058 m2/g and the band gap energies were in the range of 1.55–1.90 eV. These materials were evaluated under UV light irradiation (254 nm, 2 W) for the photodegradation of 4‐chlorophenol. All samples showed photodegradation efficiencies around 60% after three hours of reaction at pH 3.CONCLUSIONThe results confirmed that the complexing agents have an influence on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts. The catalyst synthesized using citric acid was the only one to exhibit a significant activity at the three pH levels (3, 5, 6). The above can be attributed to the fact that this material presents the lowest bandgap and crystallite size values along with the largest specific surface area of all the synthesized samples. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Biogas production from chicken manure wastes using an LBR‐CSTR two‐stage system: process efficiency, economic feasibility, and carbon dioxide footprint
Authors: Kalogiannis Achilleas , Vasiliadou Ioanna A , Spyridonidis Apostolos , Diamantis Vasileios , Stamatelatou Katerina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growth of poultry farming has increased the amount of chicken manure (CM) being produced. In this study, CM was digested in a two‐stage anaerobic digestion (AD) system consisting of three leach bed reactors (LBRs) and a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) coupled with sedimentation tanks (anaerobic contact process). The accumulated biomass and supernatant from the sedimentation tank were returned to the CSTR and the LBRs, respectively, resulting in an almost closed (water) circuit process. In addition, zeolite was used as bulking agent and adsorbent for ammonia in the LBRs.RESULTSThis study revealed that the methane yield remained on average at 0.17 NL g−1 of Volatile Solids (VS), corresponding to the 43% of the CM biochemical methane potential as determined in separate batch tests (0.40 NL g−1 VS). Electrical conductivity gradually increased from 22 to 26 mS cm−1; however, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was stable at 2.28 g L−1, which was attributed to zeolite used as LBRs' bulking agent. A preliminary design of a full‐scale LBR‐CSTR facility was conducted for a poultry farm growing one million broilers per year. Its CO2 footprint was evaluated based on literature indices.CONCLUSIONThe proposed facility has a capacity of 130 kW Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and a payback period of 8.6 years. In terms of GHG emissions, implementing the LBR‐CSTR system for biogas production could potentially reduce the CO2 footprint of the farm from 1.38 to 0.49 kg CO2 eq/head. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Differential diagnostic value of periampullary mass: A nomogram established by random forest based on clinical characteristics and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Zhu Dongmei , Yang Keen , Li Yan , Ye Xiuqin , Zhang Hui , Long Qiongxian , Ding Xuemei , Dong Fajin , Xu Jinfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposesTo develop a nomogram model for distinguishing benign from malignant ampullary lesions more intuitive and accurate.Materials and MethodsA total of 124 patients with periampullary lesions from January 2016 to June 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Their clinical information, ultrasound (US), dual contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) and MRI image features were used for research. Twenty features were collected in our study. Random forest was used to select the first five most important indicators to construct the prediction model.ResultsPatients' age, common bile duct (CBD) diameter, the shape, vascularity, and boundary of lesion, lesion size with or without enlarged after CEUS, the enhancement patterns of arterial phase, the washout patterns of venous phase, CEUS diagnosis, and MRI diagnosis were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After screening for statistically significant indicators by random forest, the first five most important indicators were age, CBD diameter, the enhancement patterns of arterial phase, the washout patterns of venous phase, lesion size with or without enlarged after CEUS, which were used to construct nomogram. The area under curves (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nomogram, MRI + MRCP + DCEUS, DCEUS, MRI + MRCP were 0.98(0.94–1.00), 0.91(0.84–0.97), 0.89(0.80–0.98), 0.68(0.60–0.77), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.00% and 84.62% for nomogram, 88.29% and 92.31% for MRI + MRCP+DCEUS, 86.49% and 92.31% for DCEUS, 51.35%, and 100.00% for MRI + MRCP.ConclusionsWe combined clinical indicators, gray‐scale ultrasound characteristics, and CEUS characteristics to build the nomogram, which can be intuitively and accurately used for preoperative malignant prediction of ampullary lesion patients, worthy of clinical generalizability and application.
Influence of carbon fibers discontinuity on the transverse conductivity of a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: KHEBBAB Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, a numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the influence of contact points as well as fibers breakage on the transverse conductivity of unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). The analysis is based on the calculation of the distribution of the electric scalar potential on a geometry inspired by a cross‐section along the axis of the fibers taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a CFRP. The observation of the cross‐section allows us to capture the microstructure of the material which served as a basis for our model, in which numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) was performed. This simulation allows us to highlight the electric current pathways and evaluate their influence on both longitudinal and transversal electric conductivity. The obtained results give a good agreement with those found in the literature.
α‐Glucosidase inhibitory effect of an anthraquinonoid produced by Fusarium incarnatum GDZZ‐G2
Authors: Fan Jiahe , Lv Chaoyi , Li Zhizhou , Guo Mengru , Yin Yichen , Wang Hui , Wang Wei , Sun Shiwei 
Published: June 2022

Abstractα‐Glucosidase is the key enzyme on carbohydrate metabolism, and its bioactive inhibitors are supposed to be an effective therapeutic for type 2 diabetes mellitus. During our continuing study for discovering α‐glucosidase inhibitors, a fungus GDZZ‐G2 which is derived from a medicinal plant Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun, exhibited significant inhibition on α‐glucosidase. The strain was identified as Fusarium incarnatum by morphological and molecular methods. Further bioassay‐guided fractionation result in six known secondary metabolites (1‐6). All the compounds except 4 were isolated from F. incarnatum for the first time. Among them, an anthraquinonoid (S)‐1,3,6‐trihydroxy‐7‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)anthracene‐9,10‐dione (compound 1) exhibited strong inhibitory effect against α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 77.67 ± 0.67 μΜ), compared with acarbose (IC50 = 711.8 ± 5 μΜ). An enzyme kinetics analysis revealed that compound 1 was an uncompetitive inhibitor. Besides, docking simulations predicted that compound 1 inhibited α‐glucosidase substrate complex by binding Gln322, Gly306, Thr307, and Ser329 through hydrogen‐bond interactions. Our findings suggested that compound 1 can be considered a lead compound for further modifications and the development of a new effective drug candidate in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Examining intergenerational transmission of Holocaust trauma as it relates to Jewish identity, communication type, and mental well‐being
Authors: Johns Aviva N. , Brown Laura S. , Cromer Lisa DeMarni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA growing body of literature has examined how historical trauma can transmit across generations. Within this literature, one's level of enculturation is thought to impact their awareness of historical losses, which, in turn, is hypothesized to relate to mental well‐being. Some studies have suggested that family communication about historical trauma can impact the strength of cultural identity and mental well‐being. The current study sampled second‐ and third‐generation Holocaust survivors to examine how family communication about the Holocaust relates to historical loss awareness and the strength of Jewish identity. Adults (N = 98) with relatives who had either been killed in or who survived the Holocaust completed online questionnaires. First, we examined the associations among Jewish identity, historical loss awareness, and family communication about the Holocaust. Next, we examined whether Holocaust‐related family communication type predicted mental well‐being. Healthy communication was classified as frequent and willing, and unhealthy communication was classified as indirect and guilt‐inducing. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that stronger Jewish identity and more frequent family Holocaust communication predicted more historical loss awareness, R2 = .22. Unhealthy communication was related to poorer mental well‐being, R2 = .09, lending support to the idea that family narratives about trauma impact the next generation. Implications for healing from historical trauma are discussed.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound WithSonoVueand Sonazoid for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Liver Metastasis After Chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Liqi , Yin Shanshan , Xing Baocai , Li Zhongwu , Fan Zhihui , Yan Kun 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo compare the diagnostic efficacy of SonoVue and Sonazoid contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in correctly detecting and characterizing colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after chemotherapy.Materials and methodsPatients with CRLMs treated with chemotherapy and subsequently scheduled for hepatic resection were prospectively enrolled from April 2020 to January 2021. Lesions detected by SonoVue or Sonazoid CEUS were recorded as and characterized as metastases or non‐metastatic lesions respectively. Histopathology or intraoperative ultrasound with MRI were the reference standard.ResultsA total of 348 focal liver lesions in 42 patients were investigated, including 297 CRLMs and 51 non‐metastatic lesions. SonoVue showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (64.7% versus 54.0%;P < .001) and sensitivity (63.3% versus 50.5%;P < .001) in the diagnosis of CRLMs than Sonazoid, both methods presented with similar specificity (72.5% versus 74.5%;P = 1.0). Forty metastases appeared non‐hypoenhancing (hyperenhancing or isoenhancing) in the late phase and postvascular phase of Sonazoid CEUS and were mischaracterized as benign lesions.ConclusionSonoVue performed significantly better than Sonazoid in the diagnosis of CRLMs after chemotherapy.
Nontechnical skills for the surgery clerkship in the operating room based on adult learning principles in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tang , Lai Chung‐Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMedical education has traditionally been rooted in the teaching of medical knowledge and surgical technique in the operating room, with little attention to the nontechnical skills (NTS) that include situational awareness, decision‐making, teamwork and communication, and leadership. Under the guidance of adult learning principles, the aim of this study is to evaluate the learning outcomes of the NTS program for the surgery clerkship in the operation room in Taiwan. Self‐directed learning principles were practiced during this 2‐week subspecialty rotation. The learners were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (the learners and teachers deciding together what should be learnt) and the intervention group (the same as the control group and the formal NTS program implemented during the second week). A 12‐item quantitative questionnaire including both the 6‐item Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies and the 6‐item adult learning characteristics was completed twice: before and after rotation. From Oct 2020 to May 2021, 16 medical students received NTS training and 16 were training‐naïve. For those undergoing NTS training, six core competencies significantly improved on a 6‐point scale. Moreover, total score differences (post‐training – pre‐training) in core competency had significant correlations to the differences in adult learning characteristics (r = 0.648, p = 0.007). The NTS program could be feasibly integrated into core objectives of the basic surgical clerkships, with the improvement in adult learning motivation in the learners helping to facilitate NTS training under the competency‐based surgical training program.
Temperate fruit farming in fragile lands of the Northwestern Himalayan region: Implications for subsoil nutrient availability, nutrient stock and soil quality
Authors: Debnath Sovan , Purakayastha Tapan Jyoti , Kishor Arun , Kumar Anil , Bhowmik Arpan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, soil fertility in the Northwestern Himalayan (NWH) region has deteriorated partly due to accelerated soil erosion but mainly due to ineffective nutrient management for field crops. However, it is largely unknown whether long‐term temperate fruit farming has adverse effects on the soil fertility in NWH or not. Therefore, we conducted a study with the purpose of evaluating the impact of different land uses in the NWH ecosystem, namely: peach orchard (PO), apple orchard (AO), fertile‐fallow land (FL), and barren land (BL) on soil physico‐chemical characters, nutrient storage capacity, and soil quality index (SQI), along a soil‐depth gradient. A total of 116 composite soil samples [four treatments (i.e., land uses), 4‐ soil depths (0–0.2, 0.2–0.4, 0.4–0.6, and 0.6–0.8 m) and 5, 9, 9, and 6 replications for PO, AO, FL, and BL systems, respectively] were collected for laboratory analyses. Across depths, the soils under temperate fruit plantations had better soil physical conditions (i.e., lower bulk density and higher porosity) over FL and BL lands. The soils in this study can be categorized as slightly acidic to near neutral in soil reaction. Soils under temperate fruit plantations (PO and AO), averaged over depths, had significantly (p < 0.05) less quantity of soil organic C, available nutrients (i.e., primary‐, secondary‐, and micro‐nutrients), nutrient storage capacity, and indices of soil quality, as compared to FL lands. These unfavourable effects were augmented in subsoils (0.2–0.8 m) than topsoils (0.0–0.2 m) affecting secondary‐ and micro‐nutrients more than primary‐nutrients. Results further revealed that these lands display a less favourable (i.e., very high) C:N ratio that could easily be degraded if brought under intensive farming. Restoration of depleted soil fertility in temperate fruit‐tree‐based ecosystems of NWH could be achieved through incentive‐based building‐up of soil organic matter and adoption of a soil‐test‐based nutrient management regime.