bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Be Rational?
Authors: Waghorn Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe question ‘Why be rational?’ could be calling into question a commitment to respond to the requirements of subjective rationality, or could be calling into question a commitment to respond to objective reasons. I examine the question in this second sense, placing it in the mouth of the arationalist — an individual who has not ruled out the possibility of not acting or believing on the basis of objective reasons. In evaluating responses to the arationalist’s question, I consider the replies of three philosophers, where these exemplify a shared conceptual strategy: to claim that reasons-responsiveness is self-justifying. I argue that each reply fails, and that the overall strategy is not only dialectically ineffective against the arationalist but is also ineffective even for the goal of reassuring those already committed to reasons-responsiveness. The question ‘Why be rational?’ is yet to be answered, and so a commitment to respond to objective reasons is ungrounded.
Structural validity and classification performance of the Italian Short Negative Acts Questionnaire: A Structural Equation Modeling approach for building ROC curves
Authors: Perinelli Enrico , Balducci Cristian , Fraccaroli Franco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigated the structural (internal) validity and classification performance of the Italian Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ), a 9-item self-report instrument assessing bullying at work. Consistent with recent attention of researchers to control measurement error in predictive models (Jacobucci & Grimm, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 809–816 2020), classification performance was investigated through a proposed novel procedure that uses Structural Equation Modeling for building ROC curves. Participants included 357 workers (females = 50.4%) from various sectors. Our results showed that (a) the Italian SNAQ demonstrates adequate levels of structural validity; (b) its classification performance (in terms of self-labeled bullying) is outstanding; and (c) the ROC curves estimated by means of Structural Equation Modeling outperform those estimated with classical observed-variable approaches. In conclusion, we provided further evidence regarding the good psychometric properties of the Italian SNAQ and we also offered a novel approach for estimating ROC curves that does not neglect the issue of measurement quality.
Neuronal Response to Reward and Luminance in Macaque LIP During Saccadic Choice
Authors: Wu Ziqi , Chen Aihua , Cai Xinying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice, and the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) is implicated in this process. In this study, we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently. We discovered that the animal’s choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect. In the LIP, neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal’s choice pattern, in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron’s preferred hemifield with a positive slope. In contrast, compared to their responses to low luminance, an approximately equal proportion of luminance-sensitive neurons responded to high luminance with increased or decreased activity, leading to a much weaker population-level response. Meanwhile, in the non-preferred hemifield, the strength of encoding for reward amount and luminance was positively correlated, suggesting the integration of these two factors in the LIP. Moreover, neurons encoding reward and luminance were homogeneously distributed along the anterior-posterior axis of the LIP. Overall, our study provides further evidence supporting the neural instantiation of a priority map in the LIP in reward-based decisions.
Bathymetry from satellite images: a proposal for adapting the band ratio approach to IKONOS data
Authors: Figliomeni Francesco Giuseppe , Parente Claudio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of bathymetric data in shallower waters is difficult to attain using traditional survey methods because the areas to investigate may not be accessible to hydrographic vessels, due to the risk of grounding. For this reason, the use of satellite detection of depth data (satellite-derived bathymetry, SDB) constitutes a particularly useful and also economically advantageous alternative. In fact, this approach based on analytical modelling of light penetration through the water column in different multispectral bands allows to cover a big area against relatively low investment in time and resources. Particularly, the empirical method named band ratio method (BRM) is based on the degrees of absorption at different bands. The accuracy of the SDB is not comparable with that of traditional surveys, but we can certainly improve it by choosing satellite images with high geometric resolution. This article aims to investigate BRM applied to high geometric resolution images, IKONOS-2, concerning the Bay of Pozzuoli (Italy), and improve the accuracy of results performing the determination of the relation between band ratio and depth. Two non-linear functions such as the exponential function and the 3rd degree polynomial (3DP) are proposed, instead of regression line, to approximate the relationship between the values of the reflectance ratios and the true depth values collected in measured points. Those are derived from an Electronic Navigational Chart produced by the Italian Hydrographic Office. The results demonstrate that the adopted approach allows to enhance the accuracy of the SDB, specifically, 3DP supplies the most performing bathymetric model derived by multispectral IKONOS-2 images.
Performance enhancements for a generic conic interior point algorithm
Authors: Coey Chris , Kapelevich Lea , Vielma Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent work, we provide computational arguments for expanding the class of proper cones recognized by conic optimization solvers, to permit simpler, smaller, more natural conic formulations. We define an exotic cone as a proper cone for which we can implement a small set of tractable (i.e. fast, numerically stable, analytic) oracles for a logarithmically homogeneous self-concordant barrier for the cone or for its dual cone. Our extensible, open-source conic interior point solver, Hypatia, allows modeling and solving any conic problem over a Cartesian product of exotic cones. In this paper, we introduce Hypatia’s interior point algorithm, which generalizes that of Skajaa and Ye (Math. Program. 150(2):391–422, 2015) by handling exotic cones without tractable primal oracles. To improve iteration count and solve time in practice, we propose four enhancements to the interior point stepping procedure of Skajaa and Ye: (1) loosening the central path proximity conditions, (2) adjusting the directions using a third order directional derivative barrier oracle, (3) performing a backtracking search on a curve, and (4) combining the prediction and centering directions. We implement 23 useful exotic cones in Hypatia. We summarize the complexity of computing oracles for these cones and show that our new third order oracle is not a bottleneck. From 37 applied examples, we generate a diverse benchmark set of 379 problems. Our computational testing shows that each stepping enhancement improves Hypatia’s iteration count and solve time. Altogether, the enhancements reduce the geometric means of iteration count and solve time by over 80% and 70% respectively.
Oil-palm and Rainforest Phytoliths Dissolve at Different Rates - with Implications for Silicon Cycling After Transformation of Rainforest Into Oil-palm Plantation
Authors: von der Lühe Barbara , Bezler Karin , Hughes Harold J. , Greenshields Britta , Tjoa Aiyen , Sauer Daniela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhytoliths make up the predominant fraction of biogenic silica in plant litter and soils. Thus, they represent a major source of dissolved silicon (Si) in soil-plant systems. Dissolution of phytoliths from Si-accumulating crops such as rice has been well studied in recent years. However, phytolith dissolution in oil-palm plantations remains largely understudied. In this study, we compared dissolution rates of phytoliths isolated from oil-palm fronds, oil-palm litter, and rainforest litter. Our results showed that phytoliths from oil-palm fronds represent an important reservoir of easily dissolvable Si with high dissolution rates (0.44 - 0.69 mg g$$^{-1}$$

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d$$^{-1}$$

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). Compared to fresh phytoliths from oil-palm fronds, phytoliths isolated from litter showed up to 18 times lower dissolution rates, reflecting silica aging over time. The dissolution rate of phytoliths isolated from rainforest litter (0.067 mg g$$^{-1}$$

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d$$^{-1}$$

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) was significantly higher than that of phytoliths from oil-palm litter (0.038 mg g$$^{-1}$$

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d$$^{-1}$$

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). These results demonstrate that transformation of rainforest into oil-palm plantation involves a major change in phytolith production and Si release from litter, considerably altering Si cycling in the soil-plant system. We identified cut-off palm fronds that are usually piled up between the palm rows as most important Si sources maintaining biogeochemical Si cycling in oil-palm plantations.
The Effects of an Online Mindfulness Intervention on Emotion Regulation upon Autobiographical Memory Retrieval in Depression Remission: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Isham Aleksandra E. , del Palacio-Gonzalez Adriana , Dritschel Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Maladaptive emotional processing of autobiographical memories is a key feature of depression that may persist during depressive remission. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the effects of an online mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention on emotion regulation upon everyday autobiographical memory retrieval in individuals with remitted depression.

Methods
We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial in which students (76.4% female; mean age 22.26) with remitted depression were allocated to an 8-week online MBSR program (n = 28) or a waitlist-control condition (n = 27). The primary outcome was self-reported employment of five emotion regulation strategies and non-reactivity upon everyday retrieval of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories recorded in a memory diary and was measured at baseline and approximately 11 weeks postrandomization. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were performed.

Results
Participants in the MBSR condition showed increases in non-reactivity irrespective of memory retrieval mode (ITT: d = 1.04, p = .010; PP: d = 1.58, p = .015), and increased use of cognitive reappraisal in response to involuntary memories (ITT: d = 0.41, p = .051; PP: d =  − 0.62, p = .032) compared to the waitlist-control condition. Analyses of secondary outcomes showed additional effects for trait mindfulness and trait cognitive reappraisal, as well as depression symptoms and trait thought suppression.

Conclusion
These results provide preliminary evidence for the utility of using an online mindfulness program for improving emotion regulation upon autobiographical memory retrieval during depression remission.

Retrospective Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05121116.
Camera-Based System for the Automatic Detection of Vehicle Axle Count and Speed Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Miles Victoria , Gurr Francis , Giani Stefano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper outlines the development of a non-intrusive alternative to current intelligent transportation systems using road-side video cameras. The use of video to determine the axle count and speed of vehicles traveling on major roads was investigated. Two instances of a convolutional neural network, YOLOv3, were trained to perform object detection for the purposes of axle detection and speed measurement, achieving accuracies of 95% and 98% mAP respectively. Outputs from the axle detection were processed to produce axle counts for each vehicle with 93% accuracy across all vehicles where all axles are visible. A simple Kalman filter was used to track the vehicles across the video frame, which worked well but struggled with longer periods of occlusion. The camera was calibrated for speed measurement using road markings in place of a reference object. The calibration method proved to be accurate, however, a constant error was introduced if the road markings were not consistent with the government specifications. The average vehicle speeds calculated were within the expected range. Both models achieved real-time speed performance.
Identifying rainwater harvesting sites using integrated GIS and a multi-criteria evaluation approach in semi-arid areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Abaynew , Yibeltal Mesenbet , Abera Abebech , Andualem Tesfa Gebrie , Lee Sang Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, East Africa has been suffering from severe droughts. The availability of water is crucial to socioeconomic development and ecosystem services in the region. In order to address the pressing issue of water scarcity in the Wag Himra zone, a study will identify viable rainwater harvesting (RWH) sites. Geographical Information System with a multi-criteria evaluation system was used to identify suitable RWH sites based on land use and cover, soil texture, runoff depth, slope, drainage density, and considering road and town constraints. The runoff depth was estimated using the soil conservation service curve number model, and the land use/cover image classification was undertaken using ArcGIS. By using weighted overlay analysis, sites that are potentially suitable for RWH were identified. Based on the hydrological and socioeconomic characteristics of the study area and available literature, the weight of the criteria was determined using the Analytical Hierarchical Process. The findings of the study indicate that only 0.02% of the study area is considered highly suitable, 2.59, 12.26, 61.76, and 21.1% are rated as moderately suitable, marginally suitable, less suitable, and not suitable for RWH, respectively, and 2.29% is labeled a constraint for RWH. It is possible to harvest and store rainwater in the study area to meet increasing water demand. These findings aim to assist decision-makers, planners, and managers to find sites, invest in water resources, and use RWH as an alternative water source.
Comparison of HEC-HMS hydrologic model for estimation of runoff computation techniques as a design input: case of Middle Awash multi-purpose dam, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Yeshmebet Yitbarek , Gouday Yetnayet Almaw , Alemnew Habtamu Nega 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRainfall-runoff modeling requires a selection of a suitable hydrologic model for the determination of an accurate quantity from a given process. For this study, the HEC-HMS event-based hydrologic model of the Initial and constant, the Green and Ampt, and the SCS CN loss methods were selected as a modeling tool for estimation of the amount of runoff at the middle awash multi-purpose dam on the Awash River basin. The HEC-HMS model calibration of this study was done by using the meteorological and hydrological data for the years from 2004 to 2008. The model was validated by using the daily data for the years from 2009 to 2013. The results with the comparison of the observed and simulated hydrographs and the model performance showed that the initial and constant (Nash-Sutcliff NSE = 0.73, Correlation coefficientR2 = 0.75, and RMSE = 0.5) model is appropriate for hydrological simulations in the Middle Awash Catchment.
Assessment of hydrogen transport aircraft
Authors: Onorato G. , Proesmans P. , Hoogreef M. F. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZero-carbon-dioxide-emitting hydrogen-powered aircraft have, in recent decades, come back on the stage as promising protagonists in the fight against global warming. The main cause for the reduced performance of liquid hydrogen aircraft lays in the fuel storage, which demands the use of voluminous and heavy tanks. Literature on the topic shows that the optimal fuel storage solution depends on the aircraft range category, but most studies disagree on which solution is optimal for each category. The objective of this research was to identify and compare possible solutions to the integration of the hydrogen fuel containment system on regional, short/medium- and large passenger aircraft, and to understand why and how the optimal tank integration strategy depends on the aircraft category. This objective was pursued by creating a design and analysis framework for CS-25 aircraft capable of appreciating the effects that different combinations of tank structure, fuselage diameter, tank layout, shape, venting pressure and pressure control generate at aircraft level. Despite that no large differences among categories were found, the following main observations were made: (1) using an integral tank structure was found to be increasingly more beneficial with increasing aircraft range/size. (2) The use of a forward tank in combination with the aft one appeared to be always beneficial in terms of energy consumption. (3) The increase in fuselage diameter is detrimental, especially when an extra aisle is not required and a double-deck cabin is not feasible. (4) Direct venting has, when done efficiently, a small positive effect. (5) The optimal venting pressure varies with the aircraft configuration, performance, and mission. The impact on performance from sizing the tank for missions longer than the harmonic one was also quantified.
Inverter prototype development for HLFC compressor applications
Authors: Bismark Alexander Heinz , Juchmann Patrick , Bertram Oliver 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA key component in Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) is a turbo-compressor, which requires an inverter. However, a harsh environment in combination with restrictive boundary conditions make the inverter design very challenging. Moreover, aviation certification standards have to be considered. By reason of its growing significance, a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach is described to break the HLFC system requirements down to the lower level of the inverter. Using the acquired set of requirements, the design of an inverter prototype was initiated. For this, the compressor motor, a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) running up to 150,000 $$\text {min}^{\text {-1}}$$

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at a power of more than 5 kW, was characterized by measurements. Thereafter, a control concept was elaborated and implemented on a preliminary electronics. In the end, feasibility tests were conducted on a testbed, whose results match well with the theory.
Exploring frame conflicts in the development of a new mineral resource policy in Austria using Q-methodology
Authors: Kügerl Marie-Theres , Endl Andreas , Tost Michael , Ammerer Gloria , Hartlieb Philipp , Gugerell Katharina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMineral resource policy deals not only with industrial and trade aspects but is nowadays also increasingly concerned with topics such as environmental protection and social development. The tensions associated with strongly divergent opinions among various stakeholder groups cast it as a ‘wicked problem’. The process of redeveloping the ‘Austrian Mineral Resources Strategy’ allows for examination of the different frames and identification of potential frame conflicts in consultation processes at the national level. Using Q-methodology, this paper reveals four frames represented in the Austrian policy design process and unravels conflicts between economy-focused and integrated policy framings. The predominance of the first frame indicates a narrow sectoral approach favouring domestic mineral extraction and economic growth over other means (e.g. international distributional conflicts of benefits and burdens). The article also demonstrates the suitability of Q-methodology as a tool to investigate frames and to improve their understanding in policy design processes.
PBW filtration and monomial bases for Demazure modules in types A and C
Authors: Balla George , Fourier Ghislain , Kambaso Kunda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe characterise the symplectic Weyl group elements such that the FFLV basis is compatible with the PBW filtration on symplectic Demazure modules, extending type results by the second author. Surprisingly, the number of such elements depends not on the type or of the Lie algebra but on the rank only.
Heat Generation and Thermal Radiation Impacts on Flow of Magnetic Eyring–Powell Hybrid Nanofluid in a Porous Medium
Authors: Rashad Ahmed M. , Nafe Mohamed A. , Eisa Dalia A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the flow of mixed convection boundary layer for Eyring–Powell hybrid nanofluid over a perpendicular plate with changeable temperature and velocity profile. The nondimensional modified controlling equations in non-similar kind are resolved by utilizing hybrid mechanism: local non-similarity procedure in synchronism with RKF45 with the mechanism of shooting. The gained outcomes are offered properly by plots and discussed for different values of governing parameters. It is found that the transport of heat is diminished by increasing the magnetic field and permeability of porous medium. Furthermore, as a thermal radiation and heat generation improved, the heat transfer increased. This study gets enormous applications in industries of glass and polymer, in the field of heat exchangers styling, cooling operations of metallic plates, plastic sheets ejaculation, etc.
Homomorphic encryption for stochastic computing
Authors: Koseki Ryusuke , Ito Akira , Ueno Rei , Tibouchi Mehdi , Homma Naofumi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHomomorphic encryption (HE) method can be used to realize arithmetic operations on encrypted data. This method, however, is limited owing to its low efficiency in performing certain functions, especially those involving several multiplications. As a solution, this paper proposes a new HE-based secure computation scheme, termed as the HE for stochastic computing (HESC); this scheme can homomorphically evaluate both the stochastic addition and multiplication operations, without any bootstrapping. This HESC scheme is constructed based on additive/multiplicative HE, which only supports homomorphic addition/multiplication, and realizes the homomorphic evaluation of stochastic multiplication. The HESC employs the features of stochastic computing (SC) for homomorphic stochastic operations, where stochastic additions and multiplications are performed using random multiplexing and bit-parallel logic operations, respectively. This paper first presents a basic HESC scheme based on additive/multiplicative HE. It then presents an efficient HESC scheme that utilizes the parallelism of lattice-based cryptography (i.e., plaintext packing and vectorized homomorphic evaluation). A new stochastic addition operation is also introduced in this study, which can be used for the HESC instantiated by lattice-based cryptography. This new stochastic addition operation significantly improves the accuracy of the HESC, albeit with the trade-off of increased ciphertext size. Accordingly, this paper also proposes a technique that can reduce the size of ciphertexts, while maintaining the accuracy of the scheme. The basic performance of the HESC implemented with various HEs is demonstrated, along with its applications in polynomial functions and an oblivious inference with a neural network. Lastly, the results thus obtained indicate that the proposed scheme is more advantageous than the conventional schemes. This paper is concluded with some implications/research directions for HESC from perspectives of cryptography and HE implementations.