bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real‐world retrospective observational study exploring NHS resource use in England for the management of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in secondary care for children and adolescents
Authors: McPherson Tess , Cork Michael J. , Goodhead Charlotte , Michaelis Louise J. , Flohr Carsten , Petrovic Milos , Hennessy Liz , Rajkovic Ivana , Hudson Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe secondary care health care resource utilization (HCRU) for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD).Patients and MethodsThis UK chart review of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD was conducted in four National Health Service hospitals. Cohorts were defined by age (children 6–11 years, adolescents 12–17) at first consultation. Eligible patients were selected consecutively, starting with the most recently consulting patient. At least 12 months' data were abstracted from medical records. Data were collected on HCRU, demographics/clinical characteristics, treatment, and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsData were abstracted for 55 patients. Most patients (80%) had severe AD at first referral, a mean (SD) of 3.2 (10.7) patient‐reported flare episodes/patient/year‐of‐observation, and 18.5 (16.7) tests/scans/procedures/patient/year. Mean (SD) observation duration was 3.6 (1.8) years. Patients had tried mean (SD) 7.9 (5.3) treatments/patient/year of observation. Topical corticosteroids (TCS; 24.5% of prescriptions) were most frequently prescribed. Mean (SD) use of emollients/moisturizers, TCS, systemic corticosteroids, and systemic immunosuppressants was 30.9 (21.3), 21.1 (23.4), 1.7 (8.3), and 7.8 (8.2) months. There was a mean (SD) of 5.3 (2.9) consultations/patient/year‐of‐observation; 116 (10.7%) for flare. Most hospitalizations (87.5%) were for children; the 8/55 (15%) hospitalized patients (mean 2.0 hospitalizations/patient during observation period) spent 6.2 (SD: 5.1) nights in hospital/hospitalization. Earliest mean (SD) Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 15.3 (7.2); latest was 12.9 (7.5).ConclusionChildren and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD had a high HCRU burden and small changes in quality of life, indicating that current treatments may provide suboptimal AD control in most cases.
UV Inactivation of Common Pathogens and Surrogates Under 222 nm Irradiation from KrCl* Excimer Lamps
Authors: Ma Ben , Bright Kelly , Ikner Luisa , Ley Christian , Seyedi Saba , Gerba Charles P. , Sobsey Mark D. , Piper Patrick , Linden Karl G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGermicidal ultraviolet (UV) devices have been widely used for pathogen disinfection in water, air, and on food and surfaces. Emerging UV technologies, like the krypton chloride (KrCl*) excimer emitting at 222 nm, are rapidly gaining popularity due to their minimal adverse effects on skin and eyes compared with conventional UV lamps emitting at 254 nm, opening opportunities for UV disinfection in occupied public spaces. In this study, inactivation of seven bacteria and five viruses, including waterborne, foodborne and respiratory pathogens, was determined in a thin‐film aqueous solution using a filtered KrCl* excimer emitting primarily at 222 nm. Our results show that the KrCl* excimer can effectively inactivate all tested bacteria and viruses, with most microorganisms achieving more than 4‐log (99.99%) reduction with a UV dose of 10 mJ cm−2. Compared with conventional UV lamps, the KrCl* excimer lamp exhibited better disinfection performance for viruses but was slightly less effective for bacteria. The relationships between UV sensitivities at 222 and 254 nm for bacteria and viruses were evaluated using regression analysis, resulting in factors that could be used to estimate the KrCl* excimer disinfection performance from well‐documented UV kinetics using conventional 254 nm UV lamps. This study provides fundamental information for pathogen disinfection when employing KrCl* excimers.
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. paucaST53 exploits pit membranes of susceptible olive cultivars to spread systemically in the xylem
Authors: Montilon Vito , De Stradis Angelo , Saponari Maria , Abou Kubaa Raied , Giampetruzzi Annalisa , D'Attoma Giusy , Saldarelli Pasquale 
Published: September 2022

AbstractXylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca strain De Donno (XfDD) ST53 is the causal agent of olive quick decline syndrome, a severe disease first described in Apulia, Italy. Although the two local cultivars Cellina di Nardò and Ogliarola Salentina showed high susceptibility, traits of resistance to the bacterium were found in the cultivar Leccino. Previous studies in field‐grown olives suggested that vascular occlusions and anatomophysiological properties of the different cultivars played a role in the olive response to XfDD. The present investigation reports observations at the early stage of the infection on artificially inoculated olives. Electron microscope studies showed that XfDD exploits the pit membranes (PMs) of the susceptible cultivar Cellina di Nardò to spread systemically. In this cultivar, PMs were degraded upon XfDD infection, suggesting activity of bacterial cell wall‐degrading enzymes. Moreover, occluded vessels contained an amorphous electrondense matrix resembling gum. Conversely, in Leccino, occluded vessels were mainly filled by callose‐like granules that tightly entrapped XfDD cells. In addition, PMs from Leccino had a compact undegraded structure that was not permeable to XfDD. Our study suggests that exploitation of PMs is a key event in the infection process of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 in susceptible olive cultivars.
Response of rice genotypes to rice root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) infection under varying temperature regimes
Authors: Devaraja Koratigere Parameshanayka , Ellur Ranjith Kumar ,   Pankaj, Singh Ashok K. , Abhishek Gowda Anumanahalli Puttasawamy , Sirohi Anil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rice root‐knot nematode (RRKN), Meloidogyne graminicola, is one of the major pests of the rice–wheat cropping system. Resistance against M. graminicola in rice could be most valuable in alleviating this problem. The host response of 75 Oryza genotypes was examined at three day/night temperature regimes, 29/26°C, 34/31°C and 38/35°C, in Pluronic gel as well as in soil. Out of the 75 selected rice genotypes, only Zhenshan 97 B exhibited high resistance to this set of temperature regimes, with the least number of galls/root system. At 34/31°C, more second‐stage juveniles (J2s) were hatched and J2 population densities in roots of the susceptible rice genotypes increased significantly compared with those of plants grown at the 29/26°C. In resistant genotypes, only a few J2s penetrated roots and developed into mature females. The histopathological studies revealed that in susceptible rice genotypes at high‐temperature regimes, the multinucleate giant cells were well developed. The results presented in this study revealed that an increase in temperature had a significant effect on the resistance of rice genotypes and resistance appeared more pronounced in genotype Zhenshan 97 B. This resistant genotype can be used in marker‐assisted selection to develop resistant elite cultivars.
Effect of forsythoside A on the transcriptional profile of bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with lipoteichoic acid
Authors: Shen Puxiu , Yu Jingcheng , Long Xiaochuan , Huang Xiankai , Tong Chao , Wang Xinzhuang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMastitis is a common disease of the dairy cattle, which affects the development of the dairy industry and leads to huge economic losses. Forsythoside A (FTA) has anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and anti‐apoptotic effects. However, the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of FTA on dairy cow mastitis remain unclear. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were stimulated with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a key virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), to construct in vitro models, and then treated with FTA. Subsequently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different groups were determined by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyse the possible function of the DEGs, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to verify whether the expression levels of these DEGs were consistent with RNA‐Seq results. The results showed that cell division cycle 20B (CDC20B), endothelial cell surface expressed chemotaxis and apoptosis regulator (ECSCR), complement factor H‐related 5 (CFHR5) and phospholipase A2 group IVA (PLA2G4A) were down‐regulated after FTA treatment. In contrast, Kruppel‐like factor 15 (KLF15) and Metallothionein 1E (MT1E) were up‐regulated. These DEGs are involved in processes such as apoptosis, inflammation and development of cancer. This study provides valuable insights into the transcriptome changes in BMECs after FTA treatment. Further analysis may help identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Feasibility of Vascular Parameter Estimation for Assessing Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders
Authors: Kissas Georgios , Hwuang Eileen , Thompson Elizabeth W. , Schwartz Nadav , Detre John A. , Witschey Walter R. , Perdikaris Paris 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hypertensive pregnancy disorders (HPDs), such as pre-eclampsia, are leading sources of both maternal and fetal morbidity in pregnancy. Noninvasive imaging, such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is an important tool for predicting and monitoring these high risk pregnancies. While imaging can measure hemodynamic parameters, such as uterine artery pulsatility and resistivity indices (PI and RI), the interpretation of such metrics for disease assessment relies on ad hoc standards, which provide limited insight to the physical mechanisms underlying the emergence of hypertensive pregnancy disorders. To provide meaningful interpretation of measured hemodynamic data in patients, advances in computational fluid dynamics can be brought to bear. In this work, we develop a patient-specific computational framework that combines Bayesian inference with a reduced-order fluid dynamics model to infer parameters, such as vascular resistance, compliance, and vessel cross-sectional area, known to be related to the development of hypertension. The proposed framework enables the prediction of hemodynamic quantities of interest, such as pressure and velocity, directly from sparse and noisy MRI measurements. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach in two systemic arterial network geometries: an aorta with branching carotid artery and a maternal pelvic arterial network. For both cases, the model can reconstruct the provided measurements and infer parameters of interest. In the case of the maternal pelvic arteries, the model can make a distinction between the pregnancies destined to develop hypertension and those that remain normotensive, expressed through the value range of the predicted absolute pressure.
Generating Human Arm Kinematics using Reinforcement Learning to Train Active Muscle Behavior in Automotive Research
Authors: Mukherjee Sayak , Perez-Rapela Daniel , Forman Jason , Panzer Matthew B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Computational Human Body Models (HBMs) are important tools for predicting human biomechanical response under automotive crash environments. In many scenarios, the prediction of the occupant response will be improved by incorporating active muscle control to into the HBMs to generate biofidelic kinematics during different vehicle maneuvers. In this study, we have proposed an approach to develop an active muscle controller based on reinforcement learning (RL). The RL Muscle Activation Control (RL-MAC) approach is a shift from using traditional closed-loop feedback controllers which can mimic accurate active muscle behavior under a limited range of loading conditions for which the controller has been tuned. Conversely, the RL-MAC uses an iterative training approach to generate active muscle forces for desired joint motion and is analogous to how a child develops gross motor skills. In this study, the ability of a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) RL controller to generate accurate human kinematics is demonstrated using a multibody model of the human arm. The arm model was trained to perform goal-directed elbow rotation by activating the responsible muscles, investigated using two recruitment schemes: as independent muscles or as antagonistic muscle groups. Simulations with the trained controller show that the arm can move to the target position in presence or absence of external applied loads. The RL-MAC trained under constant external loads was able to maintain the desired elbow joint angle under a simplified automotive impact scenario, implying the robustness of the motor control approach.
Study to Adapt Industrial Gas Turbines for Significant and Viable CO2 Emissions Reduction
Authors: Burnes Dan , Saxena Priyank , Kurz Rainer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gas turbines have been a significant part of energy production and transportation for decades and should continue indefinitely. As the world evaluates the best approaches to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the world by 2050, while also meeting energy demand, the industrial gas turbine will remain part of that solution with a variety of adaptations. Current (2021) global temperature rise from preindustrial levels is at about 1.2 °C and increasing at a significant rate. The Paris Agreement's objective is to mitigate this rise to 1.5 °C to stem climatic catastrophes and change. Adapting industrial gas turbines for lower CO2 emissions and carbon capture will be incentivized as the pricing authority on CO2 emissions will continue to increase throughout the world. Using the vast existing natural gas infrastructure, post combustion carbon capture adapting to pure hydrogen or hydrogen/natural gas blends, and other augmented solutions will yield substantial GHG reductions that could be implemented on industrial gas turbines. This paper presents the performance impact of adapting the industrial gas turbines for cost-effective carbon capture and using fuels with lower carbon content, such as hydrogen and hydrogen-natural gas blends. As a part of the discussion, the options of either transporting hydrogen to a power plant or transporting natural gas to said power plant and compressing and transporting captured CO2 back to a sequestration site, are evaluated, and supported with simulation data. Lastly, various configurations and mitigations that minimize carbon intensity are discussed and assessed through a simplified techno-economic analysis showing thresholds where industrial gas turbines remain viable in a clean energy future. Industrial gas turbines are needed for growing energy demand and to complement the growing deployment of clean and safe renewable energy sources.
Obstacle Avoidance for Omnidirectional Mobile Robot Using SLAM
Authors: Nandikolla Vidya K. , Ghoslin Bryan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the field of mobile robotics, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an algorithmic approach to the computational problem of creating and updating a map of an environment while simultaneously keeping track of where the robot is within the environment. Applications of a SLAM algorithm are important for autonomous mobile systems to traverse an environment while avoiding obstacles and accurately achieving designated goal destinations. This paper presents the design of a SLAM-driven controller for a semi-autonomous omnidirectional mobile robot. Input to the system comes from a brain computer interface in the form of simple driving commands or a goal destination as decided by the user. Due to latency issues of reacting and responding in real-time, the system must safely navigate following the last given commands until it runs out of free space, reaches a goal designation, or receives a new command. The robotic system utilizes a three-wheeled robot kit with an upgraded sensor system. The Intel realsense depth camera D435 and two lidar sensors are utilized to construct a full 360 deg field of view. The SLAM algorithm and system controllers are developed using the robot operating system (ROS). The controllers are developed and tested within Gazebo, which is a physics simulation engine utilized for rapid prototyping. Testing was performed to validate controller performance when given varying commands as well as performing long distance path planning and obstacle avoidance. The system was often capable of achieving its goal destinations with a small error of around 3% or less though the error was found to increase with the more commands the system processed.
Robust Dynamic Modeling and Trajectory Tracking Controller of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Amarasiri Nalaka , Barhorst Alan A. , Gottumukkala Raju 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Omnidirectional mobile robots are widely used in studies and services as they are effective and efficient in moving in any direction regardless of their current orientation. These significant properties are very useful in energy-efficient navigation and obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments. The literature on modeling and control of omni-wheel robots usually relies on the kinematic model or simplified kinematic model. Then developing control laws based on these reduced-effect models. In this article, we developed an efficient full dynamic model of a nonholonomic omni-wheel robot, including roller dynamics. That allows for a proportional–integral–derivative control law to accurately follow arbitrary paths. Kane’s approach was used for the dynamic model derivation. Kinematic modeling is less complex than multibody dynamic modeling. But to have an accurate simulation of the realistic motions of a mechanical system, the multibody dynamic model is required.
Offshore Industry Initiatives on Ageing And Life Extension
Authors: Stewart Cameron , Temple Stephen , Fraser Ramsay , Stacey Alexander 
Published: September 2022

The offshore industry has now matured since the installation of the first major offshore oil and gas platforms in the 1960s and a significant and increasing proportion of the infrastructure has exceeded the original design life. The industry has recognised in recent years the significance of the concept of ageing and life extension and the need to adapt integrity management procedures to enable continued safe production beyond the design life. As a result, it has taken the initiative to establish two industry groups, the Ageing and Life Extension Committee and the MetOceaN Network, to develop technology and integrity management procedures for the ageing offshore infrastructure and to disseminate the information to stakeholders, with a view to providing a common industry approach.
The Energy Institute (EI) Ageing and Life Extension Committee (ALECOM) has been in existence since 2010 and has supported projects covering a wide range of subjects, including fixed structures, mobile structures, FPSOs, moorings, conductors, caissons, risk-based inspection, performance standards, decommissioning, fatigue assessment and ship impact. The EI MetOceaN Network was launched in 2020 and has attracted membership from around the world. The creation of the network was motivated by the need to address the assessment of the risk of offshore structures to extreme loading and, in particular, the vulnerability of ageing structures which were not designed to the same criteria as more contemporary structures. A key aim of the Metocean Network is to develop guidance on the assessment of extreme loading and to enable the development of standards procedures reflecting the latest knowledge on the subject.
This paper presents the work of the two industry groups.
Evaluation of Flange Leakage due to Thermal Bowing and Shock
Authors: Diwakar Philip , Liu Yuqing , ElJaouhari Ismat 
Published: September 2022

During a flaring event, some operating conditions in an LNG plant cause liquid refrigerant to be introduced into a flare header causing large temperature gradients between the bottom and top wall and lead to vertical and lateral displacements along with rotation of the horizontal header. This thermal bowing is a serious problem with risk of flange leakage due to differential thermal expansion between bolts and flange and pipe cracks at high stress concentration location as it lifts off the supports. This paper evaluates the introduction of warm gas into the flare header to prevent a flange leakage as a mitigation attempt.
This paper recounts the use of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) to study bowing and flange leakage mitigation. The liquid flowing from the lateral into the main header pipe is multiphase in the dispersed, stratified, slug or annular flow régime. Multiphase flows with heat transfer are analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and conjugate heat transfer for steel. The temperatures on the metal are then transferred to a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and analyzed for thermal stresses and deformation due to bowing. Elastic plastic Service Criteria Assessment per ASME BPVC Sec-VIII, Div.2 Part 5.2.4.3 (b) is performed to calculate Von-Mises, peak stresses and derive membrane and bending stresses on the hub, bolts, and gasket. These stresses are compared to ASME standard allowable limits. Based on these results, risk of flange leakage is evaluated, and mitigations are recommended to reduce the risk.
Repair Methods for Loadbearing Steel Structures Operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Fjeldstad Arne , Landet Einar , Bjørheim Lars G , Ersdal Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

This paper results from a project initiated by the Petroleum Safety Authority of Norway to describe relevant repair methods for load bearing steel and concrete structures operating on the Norwegian continental shelf. The purpose of the work was to establish a better understanding of repair methods by gathering the experience through decades of oil and gas activities mainly on the Norwegian continental shelf. This paper presents a review of repairs relevant to steel structures.
A repair is broadly defined in this paper and includes:
The paper includes a brief introduction to government requirements related to petroleum activity on the Norwegian continental shelf. The petroleum industry in Norway is regulated by the Petroleum Safety Authority which further refers to the NORSOK standards and to some extent ISO standards for more detailed principles and guidelines for design and operation of load bearing structures.
An important part of a repair project is to uncover the root-cause of the damage or anomaly as this affects how further repair work is to be planned and performed. This often involves analysis that considers the current state of the structure. The results will form the basis for assessing the extent of the problem and whether repair is a necessary measure. In cases where it is concluded that repair is necessary, it needs to be determined the most appropriate repair method. It may also be concluded that repair is not necessary and then it is more appropriate to monitor the condition through an inspection and monitoring program.
The repair methods described in this paper are mainly related to fatigue cracks, corrosion and permanent deformation due to overload. Most methods are well known and have been used for decades on the Norwegian continental shelf. The effect and long-term properties can therefore be said to be well known. A few methods where the use is relatively new and where knowledge about the effect and long-term properties can be said to be limited are also presented.