bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drillstring Simulator: A Novel Software Model for Stick–Slip And Bit-Bounce Vibrations
Authors: Kim Baik Jin , Palazzolo Alan , Gharib Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Drillstring vibration can be highly detrimental to its mechanical integrity, and significantly reduce overall operational efficiency. Vibrations often arise due to the contact force and moment arising at the bit and formation (rock). These occur due to cutting and friction related actions. The literature has various bit-rock interaction BRI models, which may have time delay and nonlinear terms. The time delay term arises from modulation of the depth of cut per revolution by the vertical vibrations. A major inertia participating in the vibrations is the bottom hole assembly BHA, consisting of the bit, instrumentation and power subs, drill collar and stabilizers. Control of the BHA vibrations is imperative to prevent destructive vibration that may break the pipe, dull the bit and diminish hole trajectory and rate of penetration. The most severe vibration types include stick-slip, bit-bounce and lateral whirl. Stick-slip is caused by the alternate stopping of the bit due to friction and its release when the drillpipes produces a sufficient torque as it winds up. Bit-bounce occurs due to time delay in the torque and axial force due to modulation of the cutting force and torque by axial vibration. Finally, lateral whirl results from friction occurring at lateral contact points of the BHA and wellbore. Modelling of these complex, nonlinear, self-excited vibrations is a challenge given the large order models involved and nature of the BRI forces and moments. The paper provides a systematic means to accurately simulate drillstring vibrations with high fidelity and efficiency.
This is achieved using a Timoshenko beam based finite element model FEM, and is illustrated with an example containing the Detournay BRI model. High accuracy codes need user friendly interfaces to be effective for field and design use. The paper also provides algorithms and methods for programming the solution-modelling component of the code, and the user interface component.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Efficacy of HVAC Adjustments on Mitigating Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Woo Jaywon , Bukhari Amal , Lane Louis , Mei Lutor , Baglione Melody , Yecko Philip , Bondi Scott 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Assessing and improving the safety of social settings is pivotal for the reopening of facilities and institutions during the pandemic. Recent discoveries now suggest that the predominant medium of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is exposure to infectious respiratory aerosols. Airborne viral spread is particularly effective in indoor environments — which have been strongly implicated in high transmission rates and super-spreading events. This study focuses on computational fluid dynamics models developed to study the specific ventilation features of an indoor space and their effects on indoor particle spread. A case study is conducted on a typical classroom at the Cooper Union. Masked occupants are modeled in the room as aerosol sources to compare the performance of different ventilation settings on the exhaust rates of airborne particles. Simulation results reveal that increasing ventilation rates accelerate particle evacuation. Visualization and segregated data comparisons indicate regions of particle accumulation induced by the design and geometry of the classroom in relation to its occupants. Visualization is also used to observe a uniform distribution of airborne particles after only 10 minutes of simulated time — confirming the need for safety measures beyond the six feet distancing guideline.
Green STEM: Virtual Reality Renewable Energy Laboratory for Remote Learning
Authors: Frank Kevin , Gardner Ayanna E. , Ciobanescu Husanu Irina N. , Chiou Richard Y. , Ruane Regina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In fulfilling its role as a promotor of critical thinking and of nurturer of students as problem solvers, undergraduate engineering education needs to answer modern educational demands tailoring curricula to meet industry and career requirements and student learning styles.
Extended Reality technology, including virtual and mixed reality may enable educators to create tools for multisensory teaching, enhancing learning through guided imagery and haptics. Through undergraduate research, two co-op students explored the VR technology (engine) and developed the framework for a learning module that will present fundamental notions in renewable energy sources, using scenarios based on physical experiments. We developed a virtual reality learning platform and the modeling of the VR framework and applied it to several experimental modules: wind turbine, solar cell (PV) module, a water decomposition and fuel cell module. Students explore concepts as parametric characterizations of the system as well as thermochemical characterization. The module is packed in an executable app, which is downloadable and usable in both VR STEAM immersive environments as well as in a desktop format. Future work will include beta-testing and preliminary assessment of the VR Renewable Lab, followed by its course implementation.
Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Cardiac Sounds as a Non-Invasive Diagnosis Method
Authors: Khalili Fardin , Taebi Amirtahà 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a concise overview of the recent advances in the computational fluid dynamics modeling of flow-induced sounds, a valuable non-invasive tool that delivers complementary information for the early detection of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. An abnormal flow through an unhealthy artery consists of turbulent pressure fluctuations that interact with the arterial walls, leading to the sound waves propagated through the surrounding tissue. These sound waves recorded on the epidermal surface are vascular sounds known as murmurs. Detailed studies of the adverse flow conditions associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are vital to enhance our understanding of the mechano-acoustics mechanisms of flow-induced sound sources. This information can lead us to predictive, non-invasive techniques for diagnosing different diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm before they progress to severe cases. This necessity suggests that more studies are necessary to develop strategies that can be employed to detect cardiovascular diseases without the need for invasive approaches.
Investigation of the Effect and Contribution of Process Parameters By Taguchi and ANOVA Analysis on the Morphological and Electrical Properties of RF Magnetron Sputtered SiO2 Over Si Substrate
Authors: Uchayash Sajid Mahfuz , Biswas Prosanto , Zulkarnain Meah Imtiaz , Touhami Ahmed , Islam Nazmul , Huq Hasina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we applied Taguchi Signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis to investigate the effect of varying three process parameters, namely — sputtering power, working pressure and Ar gas flow rate on the surface, morphological and electrical properties of the RF sputtered SiO2 over Si substrate. We also inspected the contribution of a particular process parameter on these properties by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). SiO2 thin films were fabricated over Si substrate using RF magnetron sputtering system. Three sets of inputs for the three mentioned process parameters were chosen; for power, we chose 100W, 150W and 200W; 5mTorr, 10mTorr and 15mTorr were chosen for pressure and three Ar gas flow rate levels at 5, 10 and 15 sccm were selected. By performing Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, nine combinations of sputtering parameters were prepared for depositing SiO2/Si Thin films. The surface morphological and electrical properties (resistivity per unit area and capacitance per unit area) of the sputtered samples were therefore inspected by analyzing the Taguchi design of experiment. Signal-to-noise (S/R) analysis presents how the properties were affected by the variation of each process parameter. ANOVA analysis showed that sputtering power and working pressure are the two dominant process parameters contributing more to surface morphological and electrical properties. A regression model for surface roughness of the SiO2/Si thin film samples was also derived. The electrical properties of the SiO2/Si thin films, however, didn’t show linear properties.
Novel Functional Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Buildings Applications
Authors: Cui Shuang , Hicks Madeline , Kolari Pranvera , Kaur Sumanjeet , Vidal Judith , Jackson Roderick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The leakage of solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) tremendously limits their long-term application in thermal energy storage (TES). In this work, we present durable and form-stable shape-stabilized PCMs (ss-PCMs) for TES in building envelopes. These ss-PCMs are fabricated by encapsulating polyethylene glycol (PEG) consisting of different molecular weights within mesoporous magnesium oxide and silica dioxide. For the first time, the phase transition temperature (Tt) of ss-PCMs has been fine-tuned synthetically to be comfortable to building occupants by utilizing PEG blends with molecular weights of 600 and 800 g/mol. Several parameters, including surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, surface area, and PCM loading percentage, have been studied to maximize the latent heat enthalpy for high energy efficiency and maintain form stability. The best ss-PCM candidate with suitable Tt and appreciable latent heat enthalpy exhibits a repeatable phase change behavior for up to 1,000 thermal cycles without leakage, which provides a promising solution for durable TES in buildings. The Tt tunability extends its application over a wider temperature range beyond buildings.
Randomised controlled trial of fosfomycin in neonatal sepsis: pharmacokinetics and safety in relation to sodium overload
Authors: Obiero Christina W , Williams Phoebe , Murunga Sheila , Thitiri Johnstone , Omollo Raymond , Walker Ann Sarah , Egondi Thaddaeus , Nyaoke Borna , Correia Erika , Kane Zoe , Gastine Silke , Kipper Karin , Standing Joseph F , Ellis Sally , Sharland Mike , Berkley James Alexander 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo assess pharmacokinetics and changes to sodium levels in addition to adverse events (AEs) associated with fosfomycin among neonates with clinical sepsis.DesignA single-centre open-label randomised controlled trial.SettingKilifi County Hospital, Kenya.Patients120 neonates aged ≤28 days admitted being treated with standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics for sepsis: ampicillin and gentamicin between March 2018 and February 2019.InterventionWe randomly assigned half the participants to receive additional intravenous then oral fosfomycin at 100 mg/kg two times per day for up to 7 days (SOC-F) and followed up for 28 days.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)Serum sodium, AEs and fosfomycin pharmacokinetics.Results61 and 59 infants aged 0–23 days were assigned to SOC-F and SOC, respectively. There was no evidence of impact of fosfomycin on serum sodium or gastrointestinal side effects. We observed 35 AEs among 25 SOC-F participants and 50 AEs among 34 SOC participants during 1560 and 1565 infant-days observation, respectively (2.2 vs 3.2 events/100 infant-days; incidence rate difference −0.95 events/100 infant-days (95% CI −2.1 to 0.20)). Four SOC-F and 3 SOC participants died. From 238 pharmacokinetic samples, modelling suggests an intravenous dose of 150 mg/kg two times per day is required for pharmacodynamic target attainment in most children, reduced to 100 mg/kg two times per day in neonates aged <7 days or weighing <1500 g.Conclusion and relevanceFosfomycin offers potential as an affordable regimen with a simple dosing schedule for neonatal sepsis. Further research on its safety is needed in larger cohorts of hospitalised neonates, including very preterm neonates or those critically ill. Resistance suppression would only be achieved for the most sensitive of organisms so fosfomycin is recommended to be used in combination with another antimicrobial.Trial registration numberNCT03453177.
Challenges of conflict of interest, coordination and collaboration in small island contexts: towards effective tobacco control governance in UK Overseas Territories
Authors: Barry Rachel Ann , Hill Sarah E , Williams Sarah , Collin Jeff 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are semi-autonomous jurisdictions that face distinctive challenges in implementing tobacco control and protecting policy from industry influence. They are not eligible to become independent parties of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), although they can apply for treaty extension under the UK’s ratification. This study explores the relevance of the FCTC—particularly Article 5.3—for tobacco control governance across a sample of UKOTs.MethodsFrom March to May 2019, we interviewed 32 stakeholders across four territories (Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, St Helena) at diverse stages in implementing key FCTC measures. Thematic qualitative analysis explored awareness and perceptions in relation to tobacco control.ResultsInterviewees’ accounts highlight the complexity of protecting health policy from industry influence in a context where the ‘tobacco industry’ covers a diverse range of actors. Despite not being formally covered by the FCTC, several health officials spoke about the strategic value of invoking Article 5.3 in the context of tensions with economic priorities. Nevertheless, effective tobacco control governance is complicated by territories’ reliance on local businesses—including tourism—and close social connections that occasionally blur the lines between private and public spheres.ConclusionsThe UKOTs share many characteristics with other small island jurisdictions, creating distinctive challenges for advancing tobacco control and protecting policy from industry interference. Despite their complex status in relation to WHO and its architecture, these territories benefit from the norms embedded in the FCTC and the systems that support its implementation.
Initiation of transform continental margins: the Cretaceous margins of the Demerara plateau
Authors: Basile Christophe , Loncke Lies , Roest Walter R. , Graindorge David , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Museur Thomas , Heuret Arnauld , Lesourd-Laux Thomas , Vetel William 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the end of the lower Cretaceous, the connection between the South and the Central Atlantic accretionary axis led to the oblique opening of the Equatorial Atlantic, and to the separation of Africa and South America by alternating transform and rift margins. At the western end of the Equatorial Atlantic, we investigate the structure of the Cretaceous margins surrounding the Demerara plateau, north of French Guiana and Suriname. These margins were previously described as transform northward and divergent eastward. From the bathymetry and deep structures, we propose to divide the northern transform into three margin segments, with two transform segments separated by a divergent one. These two transform margins are very different, the northwestern one being linear and associated with a steep and erosive continental slope, the northeastern one consisting of several faults and ridges en echelon disposed. In between, the divergent margin appears to be a pull-apart basin localized by structures inherited from the previous Jurassic rifting. Additionally, the eastern divergent margin may have been localized by a thermal anomaly tentatively related to a hotspot. It is proposed that the deformation was first localized in divergent (rift) basins, subsequently connected by transform faults. The structure of the transform fault varies with the offset between adjacent rift basins: a large offset forms a linear transform and a short (less than 200 km) offset forms en echelon structures.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions in Critically Ill Patients in Respiratory Medicine
Authors: Wu Li-jing , Jiao Wen-wen , Wang Huan-huan , Li Guo , Li Ping , Wang Shun-jing 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To enhance and analyze the clinical effectiveness of implementing quality nursing interventions in the clinical care of critically ill patients in respiratory medicine. Methods. Clinical data of respiratory medicine patients treated in our hospital over the years were collected and 96 patients who met the requirements of the purpose of this study and the sample inclusion criteria were selected as the study subjects from the patients treated between April 2019 and January 2020. According to the care methods received by the patients in our hospital, 48 of them who implemented conventional care were used as the control group, and another 48 patients who were given quality care interventions were used as the observation group. The data were statistically recorded and comparatively analyzed for the indicators such as nursing oxygen index, heart rate, and clinical treatment efficiency of patients in both groups. Results. Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group who received quality nursing intervention had more significant improvement in blood oxygen index and heart rate after nursing care; the clinical treatment efficiency of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.83% vs. 81.25%). The data comparison between the groups showed a significant difference,

P

< 0.05, which was statistically significant. Conclusion. Adding quality nursing interventions to the implementation of conventional care for patients with respiratory diseases can better improve patients’ clinical symptoms, accelerate their clinical recovery, improve and enhance prognosis, and further improve clinical outcomes.
Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Program in Orthopedic Nursing of Patients with Residual Limb Injury Caused by Crush
Authors: Zhou Haihong , Yu Tongyao 
Published: January 2022

This study was developed to explore the role and application value of a comprehensive rehabilitation training (CRT) program based on the remote monitoring system of limb rehabilitation training (LRT-RM system) in the rehabilitation nursing of patients with residual limb injuries caused by crush. The LRT-RM system was constructed based on the characteristics of limb movement and using the time-domain analysis method and support vector machine (SVM). The 84 crush injury patients were selected as the research objects and divided into a control group (Con group, received conventional rehabilitation therapy) and a CRT group (received conventional rehabilitation therapy + functional training) according to different therapies, with 42 people in each group. The incidence of compound injuries and the incidence of residual limb injuries were counted and compared for patients in two groups. The differences in renal function, blood electrolytes, and biochemical indicators before and after treatment were analyzed. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scale was selected to evaluate the improvement of physical and mental health of the patients before treatment and 1 month (time point (TP1)), 3 months (TP2), 6 months (TP3), and 12 months (TP4) after the treatment. It was found that, after the intervention, the values of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), K+, P3+, and white blood cells (WBC) of patients in CRT group were obviously lower than those of Con group (

P

< 0.05), and the values of carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), Ca2+, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) were obviously higher than the values in Con group (

P

< 0.05). In the CRT group, the residual limb injury rate was lower in elbow, wrist, shoulder joint, ankle joint, and toe (

P

< 0.05) and extremely lower in knee joint in contrast to that in the Con group (

P

< 0.001). The score of SF-36 was dramatically higher than that in the Con group (

P

< 0.05). It suggested that the CRT program based on the LRT-RM system was helpful for the rehabilitation of patients with crush injuries, and it can reduce the incidence of residual limb injuries in patients. Results of this study could provide a reference basis for the treatment of residual limb injuries caused by crush.
Immune Infiltrate and Tumor Microenvironment Transcriptional Programs Stratify Pediatric Osteosarcoma into Prognostic Groups at Diagnosis
Authors: Marchais Antonin , Marques da Costa Maria Eugenia , Job Bastien , Abbas Rachid , Drubay Damien , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Fromigué Olivia , Gomez-Brouchet Anne , Redini Françoise , Droit Robin , Lervat Cyril , Entz-Werle Natacha , Pacquement Hélène , Devoldere Catherine , Cupissol Didier , Bodet Damien , Gandemer Virginie , Berger Marc , Marec-Berard Perrine , Jimenez Marta , Vassal Gilles , Geoerger Birgit , Brugières Laurence , Gaspar Nathalie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The outcomes of adolescents/young adults with osteosarcoma have not improved in decades. The chaotic karyotype of this rare tumor has precluded the identification of prognostic biomarkers and patient stratification. We reasoned that transcriptomic studies should overcome this genetic complexity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 79 osteosarcoma diagnostic biopsies identified stable independent components that recapitulate the tumor and microenvironment cell composition. Unsupervised classification of the independent components stratified this cohort into favorable (G1) and unfavorable (G2) prognostic tumors in terms of overall survival. Multivariate survival analysis ranked this stratification as the most influential variable. Functional characterization associated G1 tumors with innate immunity and G2 tumors with angiogenic, osteoclastic, and adipogenic activities as well as PPARγ pathway upregulation. A focused gene signature that predicted G1/G2 tumors from RNA-seq data was developed and validated within an independent cohort of 82 osteosarcomas. This signature was further validated with a custom NanoString panel in 96 additional osteosarcomas. This study thus proposes new biomarkers to detect high-risk patients and new therapeutic options for osteosarcoma.

Significance:
These findings indicate that the osteosarcoma microenvironment composition is a major feature to identify hard-to-treat patient tumors at diagnosis and define the biological pathways and potential actionable targets associated with these tumors.