bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A photonic complex perceptron for ultrafast data processing
Authors: Mancinelli Mattia , Bazzanella Davide , Bettotti Paolo , Pavesi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn photonic neural network a key building block is the perceptron. Here, we describe and demonstrate a complex-valued photonic perceptron that combines time and space multiplexing in a fully passive silicon photonics integrated circuit to process data in the optical domain. A time dependent input bit sequence is broadcasted into a few delay lines and detected by a photodiode. After detection, the phases are trained by a particle swarm algorithm to solve the given task. Since only the phases of the propagating optical modes are trained, signal attenuation in the perceptron due to amplitude modulation is avoided. The perceptron performs binary pattern recognition and few bit delayed XOR operations up to 16 Gbps (limited by the used electronics) with Bit Error Rates as low as $$10^{-6}$$

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Three-dimensional MRI shows cartilage defect extension with no separation from the meniscus in women in their 70 s with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Katano Hisako , Ozeki Nobutake , Koga Hideyuki , Tomita Makoto , Suzuki Kenji , Masumoto Jun , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe positional relationship between cartilage defects and the meniscus is poorly understood for osteoarthritis of the knee. Our purpose was to clarify how cartilage defects extend and their association with the meniscus location during osteoarthritis progression. The subjects were women in their 70 s who were registered in the Kanagawa Knee Study. We obtained 3D MRI images of the tibial surfaces with menisci in subjects with cartilage area ratios < 0.95 and examined the morphological association between cartilage defects and the medial meniscus (MM) by viewing the defects according to the cartilage area ratio at the medial tibial region. Of the 561 Kanagawa Knee Study subjects, 45 were included in the analyses, and 11 had a cartilage area ratio < 0.95 at the medial tibia. Significant differences were observed in the localization of cartilage defects among 9 subregions, with cartilage defects occurring predominantly in the middle external subregion. The inner margin of the MM contacted the cartilage defect in 7 knees and crossed the cartilage defect in 4 knees but was never found separated from the cartilage defect. The cartilage defects occurred from the middle external subregion and extended to the surrounding area without separating from the inner margin of the MM.Trial registration UMIN, UMIN000032826; 1 September 2018.
Assessment of quality of alcohol-based hand sanitizers used in Johannesburg area during the CoViD‐19 pandemic
Authors: Matatiele Puleng , Southon Bianca , Dabula Boitumelo , Marageni Talulani , Poongavanum Poobalan , Kgarebe Boitumelo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19), the World Health Organization has recommended that, in absence of soap and water, alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used to prevent the transmission of coronaviruses. Unfortunately, many media and anecdotal reports indicate that many alcohol-based hand sanitizers sold in South Africa are substandard and some contain potentially toxic ingredients. The study aimed to identify hand sanitizers used in the Johannesburg area during the CoViD-19 pandemic that do not contain the recommended alcohol concentration of at least 70% propanol or 60% ethanol, and contain traces of toxic ingredients. Hand sanitizers randomly collected from various traders around Johannesburg were analyzed using Agilent auto sampler coupled to a gas chromatograph utilizing flame ionisation detection. Of the 94 hand sanitizer samples collected, three preparations contained no alcohol, whereas the rest contained either ethanol, 2-propanol or 1-propanol or a combination of two alcohols. Of the alcohol-containing hand sanitizers, 37 (41%) contained less than 60% alcohol. Ethyl acetate, isobutanol and other non-recommended alcohols (methanol and 3-methyl-butanol) were also identified. Consumers are therefore warned that among the many brands of hand sanitizers found around Johannesburg, there are some substandard preparations and some that contain traces of toxic ingredients.
Factors affecting effectiveness of food control inspections in food production establishments in Finland
Authors: Kosola Mikko , Kiviniemi Katri , Lundén Janne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInspections are an important tool for food control. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how inspection history, interval between inspections, and pre-announcement of the inspection affect compliance with food safety legislation in food production establishments. We used register-based meat, fish, and dairy establishment food control inspection data (5550 inspections from 757 establishments) from Finland in 2016–2019 to study compliance in relation to these factors. Hypothesis was that there is an association between inspection grades and (1) inspection history, (2) interval, and (3) pre-announcement. Results indicate that minor non-compliances that do not impair food safety often precede future more severe non-compliances (5.3% non-compliance rate if full compliance at previous inspection compared to 16.8% non-compliance rate if minor non-compliances at previous inspection [Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001]), and that longer inspection intervals are associated with a decrease in inspection grades (5.9% difference in inspection intervals for inspection with full compliance compared to inspections with severe non-compliances [Generalized estimating equations, p = 0.02]). In addition, pre-announcement of the inspection affects the inspection grades, severe non-compliances were 2.4 times more common at unannounced inspections compared to pre-announced inspections. To conclude, there is an association between inspection grades and inspection history, inspection interval, and inspection announcement.
Electromyography of the muscle spindle
Authors: Partanen Juhani V. , Vanhanen Jukka , Liljander Sara K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn needle electromyography, there are two spontaneous waveforms, miniature end plate potentials and “end plate spikes”, appearing usually together. Miniature end plate potentials are local, non-propagating postsynaptic waves, caused by spontaneous exocytosis of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. The prevailing hypothesis states that “end plate spikes” are propagated postsynaptic action potentials of muscle fibers, caused by presynaptic irritation of the motor nerve or nerve terminal. Using several small concentric needle electrodes in parallel with the muscle fibers, most “end plate spikes” are strictly local or propagating for 2–4 mm. At the end plate zone, there are miniature end plate potentials without “end plate spikes”. Local “end plate spikes” are junctional potentials of intrafusal gamma neuromuscular junctions of the nuclear bag fibers, and propagated “end plate spikes” are potentials of nuclear chain muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Miniature end plate potentials without “end plate spikes” at the end plate zone derive from alpha neuromuscular junctions. These findings contrast with the prevailing hypothesis. The history of observations and different hypotheses of the origin of end plate spikes are described.
The impact of breastfeeding on childhood obesity in children that were large-for-gestational age: retrospective study from birth to 4 years
Authors: Chen Yinling , Han Lili , Su Weijuan , Wu Ting , Lyu Fuping , Chen Zheng , Huang Bingkun , Wang Liying , Song Haiqu , Shi Xiulin , Li Xuejun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur aim was to assess effects of breast-feeding (BF) in the association between large-for-gestational age (LGA) and body mass index (BMI) trajectories on childhood overweight from 1 to 4 years old. A total of 1649 healthcare records of mother–child pairs had detailed records of feeding practices and were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were available in Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen between January 2011 and March 2018. Linear and logistic regression models were used to access the difference between BF and no-BF group. For offspring were LGA and BF was significantly associated with a lower BMI Z-score from 1 to 4 years old after adjustment confounders in Model 1 to 3 [difference in BMI Z-score in Model 1: estimated β: −0.07 [95%CI: −0.13 to −0.01]; Model 2: estimated β: −0.07 (−0.13 to −0.004); Model 3: estimated β: −0.06 (−0.12 to −0.001); P = 0.0221, 0.0371, 0.0471]. A significantly lower risk of childhood overweight was observed in Model 1 [odd ratio (OR): 0.85 (95%CI, 0.73 to 1.00)], P = 0.0475) with adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Furthermore, Model 2 and Model 3 showed LGA-BF infants had a lower risk for childhood overweight then LGA-no-BF infants [OR: 0.87 and 0.87 (95%CI, 0.73 to 1.03; 0.74 to 1.03)], however, there was no statistical significance (P = 0.1099, and 0.1125)]. BF is inversely related to BMI Z-score and risk for overweight in children were LGA from 1 to 4 years old. Adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, the protective association between BF and childhood overweight was more significant.
Effect of Protective Face Coverings on Sentence Recognition in Noise for Cochlear Implant Patients
Authors: Vos Teresa G. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , Richter Margaret E. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of talker protective face coverings on sentence recognition in noise for cochlear implant users.

Method:
The AzBio sentences were recorded in three conditions: (a) without any face covering (uncovered), (b) with an N95 mask, or (c) with an N95 mask plus face shield. Target sentences were presented at 60 dB SPL, and the 10-talker masker was presented at 50 dB SPL (10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Speech recognition for these auditory stimuli was compared across conditions for 21 adult subjects with at least 6 months of cochlear implant (CI) use.

Results:

Significant deterioration in sentence recognition was observed for the N95 plus face shield (
Mdn
= 27% [IQR: 14%–35%]) compared with the N95 (
Mdn
= 72% [IQR: 55%–78%]) condition and for the N95 compared to uncovered (
Mdn
= 86% [IQR: 68%–91%]) condition.

Conclusions:
Talker protective face coverings have a significant influence on speech recognition in noise for CI users. More research is needed to understand the influence of visual cues with protective face coverings that include a plastic component allowing visualization of the talker's face.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19326395
Measuring English Narrative Microstructure in Preschool Dual Language Learners
Authors: Runnion Elizabeth A. , Pierce Melissa , Restrepo Maria Adelaida 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to examine the change in specific English microstructure features according to language ability in preschool Spanish–English dual language learners.

Method:
We collected English narratives from 22 Spanish–English dual language learners with typical language development (TD) and 22 Spanish–English dual language learners with developmental language disorder (DLD) at the beginning and end of their first year in Head Start. Children came from Spanish-speaking homes and were exposed to English and Spanish in their preschool classrooms. We analyzed children's use of English microstructure across time using the Narrative Assessment Protocol.

Results:
Both groups showed improvement in overall English microstructure use, although children with TD made greater gains than children with DLD. Phrase structure (noun phrases, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositional phrases) increased in both groups, but more so in children with TD than with DLD. Sentence structure (compound, complex, negative, and interrogative sentences) increased in both groups. Verb use, noun use (Tier 2 nouns and nouns marked with plural and possessive endings), and modifiers (adverbs and adjectives) neither changed across time nor differed between groups.

Conclusions:
Spanish–English dual language learners who attend Head Start and come from Spanish-speaking homes, regardless of language ability, may not readily acquire verbs, nouns, and modifiers during their first year of formal English exposure, suggesting that they would benefit from explicit instruction in these areas. Preschool Spanish–English dual language learners with DLD may make less progress than their peers with TD in phrase structure use, indicating that explicit instruction in this microstructure feature may be beneficial for children with DLD.
Damping torque coefficient analysis of PMSG‐based WT with VSG control considering wind turbine dynamics
Authors: Qu Tong , Li Yujun , Yuan Xiaotian , Du Zhengchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper expands the damping torque coefficient analysis (DTCA) for studying the small‐signal stability of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind turbine (WT) under virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control with consideration of WT dynamics. Firstly, the typical VSG is implemented in the grid‐side voltage source converter (GSVSC), which enables selfsynchronization without phase‐locked loop (PLL). The maximum power point track (MPPT) algorithms are utilized to give the power reference for VSG. Then, the corresponding inertia and damping support can be provided by the kinetic energy of PMSG. Based on the established model, the DTCA is analytically conducted to not only reveal the key factors that influence the WT stability but also provide guidance for parameter tuning. As a result, it is important to find that the WT dynamics impair the damping and even lead to system instability. Moreover, the minimum value of VSG damping control parameter is analytically given to ensure the system stability under any load below the rated wind speed. Finally, the case studies considering one single PMSG connected to a large grid with and without inclusion of WT dynamics are performed and compared to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model and evaluate the applications of DTCA.
C‐band frequency‐scanning continuous transverse stub array with high gain and low sidelobe level
Authors: Cao Qi‐Dong , Yang Xue‐Xia , Yi Zixuan , Gao Steven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA C‐band substrate integrated waveguide based frequency‐scanning continuous transverse stub (CTS) array with high gain and low sidelobe level (SLL) is presented in this paper. The newly suggested linear source generator (LSG) consists of a feeding probe, a main reflector, a sub‐reflector, and two metal matching vias. By introducing one matching via on the left side of probe and another one on the right side of the sub‐reflector, a broadband LSG is obtained to excite the CTS array with a wide scanning range. The operating mechanism of the two matching vias is analysed. In order to reduce SLL, a serial‐fed array with asymmetrically distributed stub width is designed according to Chebyshev distribution for the first time. A prototype of 12‐element array is designed, simulated and measured, and excellent agreements are achieved. The measured beam‐scanning range is from −52° to 2° within the operating frequency of 5.6–8 GHz, in which |S11| is less than −10 dB. The maximum gain is 22 dBi and the SLL varies between −21 dB and −18.2 dB. The proposed design approach can be applied to other bands and other level distributions. The proposed frequency scanning array has great potentials in radar and detection systems.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Bulbul E. , Liu A. , Pasini T. , Comparat J. , Hoang D. N. , Klein M. , Ghirardini V. , Salvato M. , Merloni A. , Seppi R. , Wolf J. , Anderson S. F. , Bahar Y. E. , Brusa M. , Brüggen M. , Buchner J. , Dwelly T. , Ibarra-Medel H. , Ider Chitham J. , Liu T. , Nandra K. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Sanders J. S. , Shen Y. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS), executed during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA telescope, was completed in November 2019. One of the science goals of this survey is to demonstrate the ability of eROSITA to detect samples of clusters and groups at the final depth of the eROSITA all-sky survey.Methods. Because of the sizeable (≈26″ HEW FOV average) point-spread function of eROSITA, high-redshift clusters of galaxies or compact nearby groups hosting bright active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be misclassified as point sources by the source detection algorithms. A total of 346 galaxy clusters and groups in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 1.3 were identified based on their red sequenc in the eFEDS point source catalog.Results. We examine the multiwavelength properties of these clusters and groups to understand the potential biases in our selection process and the completeness of the extent-selected sample. We find that the majority of the clusters and groups in the point source sample are indeed underluminous and compact compared to the extent-selected sample. Their faint X-ray emission, well below the flux limit of the extent-selected eFEDS clusters, and their compact X-ray emission are likely to be the main reason for this misclassification. In the sample, we confirm that 10% of the sources host AGN in their brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) through optical spectroscopy and visual inspection. By studying their X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio properties, we establish a method for identifying clusters and groups that host AGN in their BCGs. We successfully test this method on the current point source catalog through the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopy and find eight low-mass clusters and groups with active radio-loud AGN that are particularly bright in the infrared. They include eFEDS J091437.8+024558, eFEDS J083520.1+012516, and eFEDS J092227.1+043339 at redshifts 0.3−0.4.Conclusions. This study helps us to characterize and understand our selection process and assess the completeness of the eROSITA extent-selected samples. The method we developed will be used to identify high-redshift clusters, AGN-dominated groups, and low-mass clusters that are misclassified in the future eROSITA all-sky survey point source catalogs.
Nationwide Provision of Radiologically-guided Interventional Measures for the Supportive Treatment of Tumor Diseases in Germany – An Analysis of the DeGIR Registry Data
Authors: Nadjiri Jonathan , Schachtner Balthasar , Bücker Arno , Heuser Lothar , Morhard Dominik , Mahnken Andreas H. , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Berlis Ansgar , Katoh Marcus , Reimer Peter , Ingrisch Michael , Paprottka Philipp M. , Landwehr Peter 
Published: March 2022

Purpose In addition to direct oncologic therapy, interventional radiology plays an important supportive role in oncologic therapy primarily guided by other disciplines. These supporting measures include diagnostic punctures, drainages, biliary interventions, central venous access including port implantations, osteoplasties, pain therapies etc.). This study investigated the extent to which these radiologically guided supportive measures are available in Germany.
Material and Methods All interventional procedures documented in the DeGIR-registry (excluding transhepatic portosystemic shunts) of the years 2018 and 2019 were recorded (DeGIR-module C). A breakdown of the documented interventions was performed based on federal states as well as 40 individual regions (administrative districts and former administrative districts).
Results A total of 136,328 procedures were recorded at 216 centers in DeGIR Module C in 2018 and 2019. On average, 389 cases were documented per hospital in 2018 and 394 cases in 2019; the increase per hospital from 2019 is not statistically significant but is relevant in the aggregate when new participating centers are included, with an overall increase of 10 % (6,554 more cases than the previous year). Normalized to one million inhabitants, an average of 781 procedures took place across Germany in 2018 and 860 in 2019. Districts with no registered procedures are not found for Module C.Indications for Module C interventions were mostly interdisciplinary in 2018 and 2019. In this context, the quality of outcome was very high; for the procedures drain placement, marking and biopsy the technical success was 99 %, while the complication rate was lower than 1 %.
Conclusion The structural analysis of this work concludes that in Germany there is good nationwide availability of radiologically guided supportive measures in oncological therapy. Accordingly, the training situation for prospective interventional radiologists is good, as the distribution to centers with high experience is excellent. In addition, the overall outcome quality of radiology-guided interventions is very high.
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Low-Dose CT for Renal Calculi Detection Using Spectral Shaping of High Tube Voltage
Authors: Gassenmaier Sebastian , Winkelmann Moritz T , Magnus Jan-Philipp , Brendlin Andreas Stefan , Walter Sven S. , Afat Saif , Artzner Christoph , Nikolaou Konstantin , Bongers Malte Niklas 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To investigate reduction of radiation exposure in unenhanced CT in suspicion of renal calculi using a tin-filtered high tube voltage protocol compared to a standard low-dose protocol without spectral shaping.
Materials and Methods A phantom study using 7 human renal calculi was performed to test both protocols. 120 consecutive unenhanced CT examinations performed due to suspicion of renal calculi were included in this retrospective, monocentric study. 60 examinations were included with the standard-dose protocol (SP) (100 kV/130 mAs), whereas another 60 studies were included using a low-dose protocol (LD) applying spectral shaping with tin filtration of high tube voltages (Sn150 kV/80 mAs). Image quality was assessed by two radiologists in consensus blinded to technical parameters using an equidistant Likert scale ranging from 1–5 with 5 being the highest score. Quantitative image quality was assessed using regions of interest in abdominal organs, muscles, and adipose tissue to analyze image noise and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Commercially available dosimetry software was used to determine and compare effective dose (ED) and size-specific dose estimates (SSDEmean).
Results All seven renal calculi of the phantom could be detected with both protocols. There was no difference regarding calcluli size between the two protocols except for the smallest one. The smallest concretion measured 1.5 mm in LD and 1.0 mm in SP (ground truth 1.5 mm). CTDIvol was 3.36 mGy in LD (DLP: 119.3 mGycm) and 8.27 mGy in SP (DLP: 293.6 mGycm). The mean patient age in SP was 47 ± 17 years and in LD 49 ± 13 years. Ureterolithiasis was found in 33 cases in SP and 32 cases in LD. The median concretion size was 3 mm in SP and 4 mm in LD. The median ED in LD was 1.3 mSv (interquartile range (IQR) 0.3 mSv) compared to 2.3 mSv (IQR 0.9 mSv) in SP (p < 0.001). The SSDEmean of LD was also significantly lower compared to SP with 2.4 mGy (IQR 0.4 mGy) vs. 4.8 mGy (IQR 2.3 mGy) (p < 0.001). The SNR was significantly lower in LD compared to SP (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between SP and LD regarding the qualitative assessment of image quality with a median of 4 (IQR 1) for both groups (p = 0.648).
Conclusion Tin-filtered unenhanced abdominal CT for the detection of renal calculi using high tube voltages leads to a significant reduction of radiation exposure and yields high diagnostic image quality without a significant difference compared to the institution’s standard of care low-dose protocol without tin filtration.
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