bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0651 Daily Associations Between Insomnia and Depression: Emotion Regulation as a Mediator
Authors: Tsui Helen Tsz Ching , Chan Wai Sze 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Insomnia has been shown to prospectively predict depression in longitudinal studies. The mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been fully elucidated. Emotion regulation (ER) has been proposed as a potential mediating mechanism; however, empirical tests of it are limited. This study aimed to examine the within-individual relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in a 14-day daily study. It was hypothesized that insomnia symptoms on a given night would positively predict depressive symptoms in the subsequent day via ER.

Methods
This study was conducted in 60 adults (65% female, age = 18-65 years) with elevated insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index ≥10). They were asked to fill out morning and evening diaries and wear an actigraph for 14 days. The morning diary measured their sleep parameters in the previous night with the Consensus Sleep Diary. The evening diary measured emotional reactivity with the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, ER strategy use with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and depression with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the within-individual associations, controlling for between-individual factors such as age and gender.

Results
Shorter total sleep time on one night predicted greater next-day depressive symptoms (β = -0.063, SE = 0.009, p = .028). Sleep quality was negatively associated with next-day depression at the between-individual level (β = -0.387, SE = 0.882, p = .003). Negative reactivity partially mediated the relationships between sleep quality and depression (β = -0.463, SE = 0.030, p = .008), total sleep time and depression (β = -0.611, SE = 4.938 , p = .011), and sleep efficiency and depression (β = -0.702, SE = 0.007, p = .002), all at the between-individual level.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that total sleep time is associated with depressive symptoms on a daily level. They also suggest that one of the facets of emotion regulations, namely negative reactivity, plays a mediating role in the insomnia-depression relationship. Nonetheless, we did not find evidence for the mediating role of ER at the within-individual level. Emotional reactivity and ER strategy use may not vary substantially across days.

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0655 The Impact of Slow-Wave Sleep Disruption on Response Inhibition in Individuals with Depression
Authors: Goldstein Elena , Palermo Emma , Costello Samantha , Games Margaux , Goldschmied Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) exhibit reductions in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and impairments in neuroplasticity. For example, decreased executive functioning, including poorer response inhibition compared to healthy controls, has been reported. SWS has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of neuroplasticity, however it is unclear if the cognitive deficits seen in MDD are directly associated with SWS. In this study, we aimed to examine if disrupting SWS, thereby altering neuroplasticity, could improve response inhibition in patients with MDD.

Methods
Participants in this study (n=29) included 19 individuals with depression and 10 healthy controls. Data were collected after two overnight sleep studies separated by one week. During one of the two nights, participants’ slow-wave sleep was disrupted via auditory tones. In the morning following each night, participants completed a neurocognitive task battery including an auditory Go/No-Go task. Accuracy scores were calculated as the percentage of trials on which the participant responded correctly to the “Go” or “No-Go” stimulus. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were then performed to examine changes from baseline to SWD, assessing the role of SWD on response inhibition.

Results
Following SWD, depressed participants’ performance on the Go/No-Go task was significantly more accurate (t=-2.067, p=.027) than following baseline sleep, while healthy controls showed no significant change between nights (t=-.231, p=.411). The interaction between group (MDD vs. healthy control) and condition (baseline vs. SWD) did not reach statistical significance (p=.175).

Conclusion
In a sample of individuals with depression, accuracy on the Go/No-Go task improved significantly after undergoing SWD compared to following baseline sleep, indicating improved response inhibition. However, healthy controls did not exhibit this same improvement in accuracy. These findings highlight a possible disparity in the role that SWS plays in the regulation of neuroplasticity in those with depression and those without.

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Goldschmied: K23MH118580 (NIMH)
0658 Slow-Wave Sleep Disruption Decreases Ability to Recognize Certain Negative Emotions
Authors: Palermo Emma , Goldstein Elena , Costello Samantha , Games Margaux , Owens Kendall , Goldschmied Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Research has demonstrated that sleep deprivation may alter emotion recognition. Given that emotion recognition is critical for effective human communication, it is essential to understand how sleep is involved in this process. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been suggested to be important for the consolidation and processing of emotional memories and neuroplasticity. This study aimed to examine the impact of experimental disruption of SWS on emotion recognition to further understand the contribution of SWS.

Methods
31 participants (20 individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 11 healthy controls (HC)) completed two overnight sleep studies spaced one week apart. One night served as baseline (BL) and on the other night participants underwent slow-wave disruption (SWD), where SWS was disrupted using auditory stimulation. In the morning following each overnight visit, participants completed an emotion recognition task. Accuracy scores were computed as the percentage correct in each of 10 categories of emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, fear, joy, neutral, pride, sadness, and surprise). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the impact of SWD on emotion recognition with group (HC, MDD) as the between subjects factor and condition (BL, SWD) as the within subjects factor.

Results
Results revealed a significant main effect of condition for disgust (F=13.72, p&lt; .001), embarrassment (F=6.23, p=.019), and surprise (F=8.06, p=.008), with follow-up t-tests demonstrating that accuracy for the recognition of disgust and embarrassment decreased following SWD and accuracy for surprise increasing following SWD. No significant interactions were found for group*condition (ps&gt;.105).

Conclusion
These results suggest that while SWD decreases the ability to recognize certain negative emotions, it also increases the ability to recognize surprise, which is in line with previous research examining acute total sleep deprivation. Interestingly, there appears to be no difference in the ability to recognize emotions between individuals with and without depression. Slow-wave sleep deficits, common in disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, may therefore contribute to poor communication abilities through decreased ability to recognize emotions, increasing the risk of interpersonal distress and mental health problems.

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Goldschmied: K23MH118580 (NIMH)
0665 Mindfulness as a Protective Factor for Chronic Insomnia in College Students
Authors: Shah Chandni , Garland Sheila , Perlis Michael , Muench Alexandria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
College students are at high risk for developing insomnia and co-morbid psychological distress. The aim of this research was to assess whether the lack of endogenous mindfulness was a risk factor for insomnia.

Methods
In order to address this issue, an archival analysis was conducted with a data set from MUN where the relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support was assessed (n=3,160; 2,266 women; X̅age=22 years). The proband subsample of interest were subjects that completed the HADS, MEQ, the ISI, and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The MAAS is a 15 item self-report measure, where each item is scored on a six-point Likert scale. Scores range from 15-90, higher scores are indicative of greater mindfulness. In order to evaluate the relevance of mindfulness, the overall sample was split into two groups (endogenous mindfulness [average score of ≥4.2]): n=647; X̅age=22.4 years; nonendogenous mindfulness [average score of ≥4.2]: n=1,505; X̅age=22.04 years).

Results
Subjects (n=2,152) were between the ages of 18-35 (X̅=22+/- 3.72) and included primarily Caucasian individuals (86.6 %) and individuals who identified as female (71.7%). The means and ranges for the ISI, MAAS, and HADS were as follows: 9.0 + 5.6 (0-28), 3.7+.98 (1-6), and 5.3 + 3.9 (0-21), respectively. A correlation of -0.27 (p&lt;0.001) was found for endogenous mindfulness (scale score range 1-6) and insomnia (scale score range 0-28) and -0.25 (p&lt;0.001) for non-endogenous mindfulness (scale score range 1-6) and insomnia. Moderator analyses were conducted, and it was found that depression moderates the relationship between mindfulness and insomnia, (HADS depression, ΔR2 = .2, ΔF(3, 643)=57.6, p=.012, b=-.3, t(643)=-2.5 p&lt; .05. Results should be interpreted with caution as the effect size was less than 0.1.

Conclusion
There was a relationship found, in both groups, between mindfulness and the ISI, where the scores on the ISI were lower when mindfulness was high. This suggests that there is a moderate linear relationship between mindfulness and insomnia. This association needs to be further evaluated in samples that have a broader range of ISI scores and with analyses that more carefully parse the moderating influence of depression. Analyses are ongoing.

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Support: K24AG055602
0667 The effect of tinnitus on sleep architecture in patients with depression
Authors: Dewhurst Samuel , Reid Matthew , Abishek Dave , Haythornthwaite Jennifer , Smith Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There is an established link between tinnitus (an auditory symptom affecting sound in the ear or head, in the absence of auditory stimulus) and depression in adults. However, there is a lack of research into the effect of tinnitus on sleep architecture in this depression.

Methods
Female participants (n=149) with sleep disturbance and temporomandibular joint (TMJD) pain were recruited as part of a treatment trial. Data were used to identify a cohort of participants with clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D &gt;16), with and without tinnitus. We examined the pre-randomization polysomnography (PSG) dataset, and calculated sleep architecture, and relative spectral power (Alpha, beta, theta, delta). We compared cohorts using independent t-tests, testing for differences in architectural and spectral sleep parameters, controlling for anxiety symptoms.

Results
14 females (mean age = 41.76) reporting current tinnitus were age and depression severity matched with 14 females reporting no tinnitus (mean age = 41.27). Groups did not differ significantly in age (p = 0.91), BMI (p = 0.868), race (p = 0.328) or severity of depressive symptoms (CES-D: 23.93 No tinnitus vs 25.07 Tinnitus, p = 0.540), but the tinnitus group reported significantly higher anxiety (GAD-7: 9.43 no tinnitus vs 13.36 Tinnitus, p = 0.016). Data indicated TMJD patients with tinnitus had greater N2 sleep percentage (24.243% no tinnitus vs 57.200% Tinnitus, p = 0.033) compared with controls. There were no significant differences in N1% (4.2% No tinnitus vs 3.7% Tinnitus, p = 0.874), SWS% (23.164% No tinnitus vs 17.236% Tinnitus, p = 0.217) or REM% (26.386% No Tinnitus vs 21.88% Tinnitus, p = 0.238) between groups. Analysis of spectral data showed no significant differences in relative alpha (0.129 No tinnitus, 0.143 Tinnitus, p = 0.099), beta (0.186 No tinnitus vs 0.188 Tinnitus, p = 0.814), theta (0.123 No Tinnitus vs 0.125 Tinnitus, p = 0.069), or delta power (0.360 Tinnitus vs 0.346 Tinnitus, p = 0.399).

Conclusion
Our results indicate an association between tinnitus and increased N2% in TMJD participants reporting sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. The effect of tinnitus on objective sleep parameters, in the context of depressive symptoms warrants further study.

Support (If Any)
This research study was supported financially by the NIH Grant R01 DE019731 (Haythornthwaite, JA and Smith, MT).[MR1] [MR1]Don’t include this in the main body, it’ll use too many words. If there’s a section on the submission portal to include this, add it. If not can just put the grant reference (as one word) in brackets after “treatment trial”
0670 The role of social vigilance and hindrance-challenge stress in predicting nightmares among nurses
Authors: Jordan Saylor , Slavish Danica , Dietch Jessica , Messman Brett , Taylor Daniel , Kelly Kimberly , Ruggero Camilo , Haynes Patricia , Ruiz John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Increased exposure and reactivity to daytime stressors may heighten the frequency and severity of nightmares. Although research has examined the role of personality traits such as neuroticism in nightmares, it is unknown if other hypervigilance-related characteristics predict nightmares. Social vigilance, or monitoring one’s social environment for potential threats, is one factor that may influence stress reactivity and sleep. Nurses are one population who may be particularly susceptible to social vigilance and nightmares given their stressful work environments. The current study had two aims: 1) to examine the association between social vigilance and nightmares (assessed via retrospective questionnaire and via daily sleep diaries), and 2) to examine if perceived job stress strengthened the association between social vigilance and nightmares.

Methods
Participants were 464 nurses (mean age = 39.03 years, SD = 11.07 years, 91% female) recruited from two Dallas-area hospitals. At baseline, nurses completed the Social Vigilance Questionnaire (SVQ), the Nightmare Disorder Index (NDI; a newly validated scale measuring past-month nightmare frequency and severity), and the Challenge- and Hindrance-Related Self-Reported Stress Scale (CHRSS). Nurses then completed 14 days of sleep diaries to assess daily nightmare frequency, which were then summed across the 14 days. Multiple linear regression models were run to assess main effects of social vigilance and hindrance or challenge stress, as well as their interactions, on nightmares.

Results
Greater social vigilance (β = 0.10, p = 0.041) and greater hindrance stress (β = 0.13, p = 0.031) each predicted more nightmare symptoms as measured by the NDI, but not nightmare frequency as measured by the daily surveys. Only greater hindrance stress predicted greater daily nightmare frequency as measured by the daily surveys (β = 0.14, p = 0.015). Social vigilance did not interact with either hindrance or challenge stress to predict nightmares.

Conclusion
Results indicate nurses who report higher levels of social vigilance or hindrance stress at work experience more nightmare symptoms. Although more research is needed, supporting nurses who report high levels of stress and vigilance may help reduce their arousal and improve their sleep.

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1R01AI128359
0675 Vagal Activity in REM Sleep Is Associated With Extinction Recall in Trauma Exposed Individuals but Not in Individuals With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Yuksel Cagri , Watford Lauren , Mendelsohn Augustus Kram , Oliver Katelyn , Martinez Uriel , Pace-Schott Edward 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by impaired fear extinction memory. Sleep, and especially REM sleep, facilitates consolidation of fear extinction. Therefore, it is postulated that abnormal sleep physiology in PTSD may contribute to its persistence. Recent studies suggest that vagal activity may support the memory benefit of sleep. In addition, a separate line of studies shows reduced vagal activity during sleep in PTSD. However, the link between extinction memory and vagal activity during sleep has not been investigated in PTSD. We examined the association of extinction recall with vagal activity, measured as heart rate variability (HRV), during REM sleep, in PTSD and matched controls.

Methods
Participants included individuals with PTSD (n=70) and trauma exposed controls (TEC; n=69). All participants completed 3 nights of ambulatory polysomnography that included ECG. After acclimation and baseline PSG nights, fear conditioning and extinction learning were carried out in the evening after which they completed a third ("consolidation") PSG night. Extinction recall was tested 24h later. During fear conditioning, partial reinforcement with a mild electric shock produced a conditioned skin conductance response (SCR) to the image of a colored lamp, which was immediately extinguished by un-reinforced presentations in a different room. Extinction recall was indexed by the degree to which SCR remained suppressed 24h later. HRV indices were calculated using Kubios software.

Results
Preliminary analyses included 20 individuals with PTSD and 37 TEC participants. In the TEC group, extinction recall was significantly correlated with REM sleep HRV measures that reflect vagal activity, including high frequency (HF) absolute power (Rs=0.51, p =0.009), HF normalized units (Rs=0.54, p =0.005) and RMSSD (Rs=0.40, p =0.046). In hierarchical regression models which included extinction recall as the dependent variable, HF absolute power accounted for a significant proportion of the variance, over and above a model that included %REM sleep, %N3 sleep, REM density and average duration of REM epochs (R2=0.50, F=5.06, p=0.04). These associations were not present in the PTSD group

Conclusion
Our preliminary results suggest that vagal activity during REM sleep is involved in the consolidation of extinction memory and that this mechanism may be impaired in PTSD.

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R01MH109638 K23MH119322
0676 Increased Depression Symptoms are Associated with Higher Nightmare Frequency within the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort
Authors: Gratton Matthew , Mazzotti Diego , Hamilton Nancy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Nightmare frequency has been suggested as a strong clinical indicator of psychiatric disorders. Additionally, frequent nightmares are a possible underrepresented outcome of depression. As nightmares may increase the risk of negative health outcomes, such as suicide attempts, understanding possible sources of nightmare frequency is imperative. This study sought to examine the association between depression and anxiety on the incidence of high frequency of nightmares.

Methods
Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort, accessed through the National Sleep Research Resource, we conducted an analysis of demographics, co-occurring sleep disturbances, and mental health measures of participants experiencing ordinal frequencies of nightmares. The study sample included 758 Wisconsin state employees with a baseline and follow-up assessment (mean 4.46 years between visits; standard deviation 1.7). All participants were screened for depression and anxiety symptoms using the Zung Depression Scale (SDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Sleep disturbances, medication use, nightmares and insomnia were based on self-report. Nightmare frequency was categorized as high (≥2 per month) and low (&lt;2 per month). Logistic regression was used to determine the association of baseline anxiety and depression scales (in the same model) with incidence of high nightmare frequency at follow-up, adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, hypertension medications, use of narcotics and caffeine.

Results
After adjusting for covariates, SDS scores at baseline were associated with an increased incidence of higher frequency of nightmares at follow-up (OR=1.05; 95%CI=1.01-1.10, p = 0.026), while anxiety at baseline was not (OR=1.03; 95%CI=0.99-1.07; p = 0.165). An increase in one unit of the SDS was associated with a 5% increase in the odds of presenting higher frequency nightmares at follow-up.

Conclusion
Participants with higher SDS scores had higher incidence of high frequency of nightmares upon follow up, however, those with anxiety did not. Further research should be targeted at gaining better understanding of the role of psychiatric conditions on the onset of nightmares.

Support (If Any)
NIH NHLBI (R01HL62252), NIA (R01AG036838, R01AG058680), and National Center for Research Resources (1UL1RR025011). The National Sleep Research Resource was supported by NIH-NHLBI (R24 HL114473, 75N92019R002).
0684 Improving Psychological Distress for Better Sleep During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Analyses of Data From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Benasi Giada , St-Onge Marie-Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Psychological distress has been associated with sleep problems. Emerging evidence suggests positive psychological well-being is associated with better sleep. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and do not provide information on the effect that changes in psychological outcomes have on sleep. The aim of this secondary analysis was to test whether changes in distress and well-being following a 7-week intervention to improve sleep and mental health were associated with changes in sleep among adults reporting poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]&gt;5) and moderate distress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]≥14) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Thirty individuals (age 40.7±12.9y, 80% female, 50% racial/ethnic minority) completed a pilot study testing a well-being and sleep hygiene intervention vs. sleep hygiene alone. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and post-intervention to assess distress (PSS and the Symptom Questionnaire), well-being (Psychological Well-Being scales), and sleep (PSQI and Insomnia Severity Index). A sleep diary was administered to collect information on total sleep time (TST), variability in TST, sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, bedtime, and variability in bedtime. Change scores were calculated for each variable as the difference between post-intervention and baseline. Separate linear regression models were estimated with psychological variables as predictors and sleep variables as outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for intervention group, baseline scores of predictors and outcomes, age, and sex.

Results
Reductions in anxiety were associated with improvements in insomnia (B=0.6±0.2 (SE), p=0.008) and TST (B=-10.1±3.5, p=0.009); reductions in depression, somatization, and hostility were each associated with improvements in sleep quality (B=0.2±0.1, p=0.007), TST (B=-10.3±4.5, p=0.03), and earlier bedtime (B=8.8±3.0, p=0.008), respectively; and reductions in perceived stress were associated with improvements in sleep quality (B=0.2±0.1, p=0.005) and insomnia (B=0.3±0.1, p=0.02). No associations were found between changes in well-being and sleep.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that reductions in distress following well-being and sleep hygiene or sleep hygiene alone interventions predict improvements in sleep. Focusing interventions on improving distress may be relevant to ameliorate sleep quality in the context of psychological distress. The association between well-being and sleep should be further delineated to determine the role of well-being in sleep promotion.

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