bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Women And Minorities in The Urban Forestry Profession
Authors: Kuhns Michael R. , Bragg Hope A. , Blahna Dale J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn a nationwide U.S. study, we found that 10% of urban forestry professionals were women and 5% minorities. Women generally were younger, better educated, and had less time in their profession than white males, and they most often held public or private nonprofit positions. Minorities were older and less educated than women or white males. Compared to white males, there was a considerably higher proportion of minorities and a lower proportion of females in higher income categories (above US$50,000 per year). We describe the profession’s demographics and discuss reasons for and implications of a relative lack of diversity in this profession.
Characteristics of Trees According to Community Population Level and By Land Use in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Iakovoglou Valasia , Thompson Jan , Burras Lee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong-term urban tree growth is crucial because of the need for tree-derived benefits and high placement costs. This study was conducted in five U.S. midwestern states to examine how tree characteristics are related to community population level and land-use type. Age, height, diameter, and average growth rates for the last decade were measured on 328 trees. When evaluated in terms of community population, trees in rural parks were older than trees in small, medium, and large towns. Adjusted mean growth rate was lower in rural parks than in small, medium, and large towns. When evaluated in terms of land use, both mean age and mean growth rate were higher for trees in city parks than in commercial sites. Trees in residential areas had intermediate age, size, and growth rate characteristics. Of the five species studied, silver maple, honeylocust, and hackberry performed well in a variety of settings.
Missouri Urban Forest—a Ten-Year Comparison
Authors: Gartner Justine T. , Treiman Thomas , Frevert Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA follow-up urban tree survey of 44 Missouri, U.S. towns was completed in 1999 by the Missouri Department of Conservation. These sample plots were first surveyed in 1989 in cooperation with the American Forestry Association and the USDA Forest Service as part of a nationwide survey of urban forests. Information recorded included tree location, a categorical variable for “right tree in the right place,” a tree history (topped or not), and individual tree data such as species, size class, and condition. A comparison of data shows significant changes in Missouri’s urban forests. Results show more trees but a decline in their condition. Missouri’s urban forests are becoming more diverse. The top six tree species constitute 37% of those surveyed in 1999, as compared to 48% found in 1989. The average value of a Missouri street tree increased by US$642.
Wind, Size, and Tree Safety
Authors: Niklas Karl J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo persist and survive in any environment, a tree must be mechanically reliable and achieve a reasonable factor of safety. This safety factor, which must be adjusted over the course of plant growth, can be computed for stems and roots based on the quotient of the working load and load-bearing capacity of each organ. This method is illustrated for the stems of cherry trees(Prunus serotina)and for the root systems of an arborescent columnar cactus(Pachycereus pringlei)differing in size. The factor of safety of these organs decreases with increasing plant size. The susceptibility of stems and roots to mechanical failure thus increases as plants grow in mass or height. However, the risk of wind-induced tree failure is reduced in the case of cherry trees by the selective wind-failure of small peripheral branches, which reduces the overall drag forces and bending moments acting on trunks. In the case of the columnar cactus, the demand for root water absorption/ storage may take precedence over anchorage as plants increase in overall size. These two case studies illustrate that manifold factors of safety must be considered and ranked simultaneously in terms of the probability of damage or death for different environmental risk factors.
Branch Morphology Impacts Compartmentalization of Pruning Wounds
Authors: Eisner Nathan J. , Gilman Edward F. , Grabosky Jason C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBranch diameter relative to the trunk diameter (aspect ratio) impacted the amount of discolored wood that developed in the trunk after branch removal in seedling-propagated red maple (Acer rubrumL.) and live oak (Quercus virginianaL.). More discoloration resulted from removing codominant stems than removing branches that were small compared to trunk diameter. Limbs with aspect ratios greater than 0.39 and 0.59, for live oak and red maple, respectively, resulted in severe trunk discoloration after removal. The presence of branch collars was an indicator of strong compartmentalization potential in both species. Branches having pith that was continuous with trunk pith developed more extensive discoloration after removal than those without pith connections for both red maple and live oak. Pith connections could be predicted in both species based on the presence of branch collars and angle of branch attachment. There was more variability in discoloration among individual live oak trees than among red maples. Cambium dieback, which is often associated with removing codominant stems, was not affected by any of the branch characteristics measured including aspect ratio.
Bladder cancer in Saudi Arabia: a registry-based nationwide descriptive epidemiological and survival analysis
Authors: Alghafees Mohammad Ali , Alqahtani Meshari A. , Musalli Ziyad F. , Alasker Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Our understanding of the risk factors, prevalence, incidence rate, and age distribution of bladder cancer (BC) in Saudi Arabia is insufficient due to limited data.

OBJECTIVE:
Describe the epidemiology and analyze factors associated with survival in patients with BC in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:
Retrospective medical record review.

SETTINGS:
Registry-based nationwide study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included all records in the Saudi Cancer Registry of patients diagnosed with a primary BC from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017. Collected data included year of diagnosis, gender, age, marital status, region and nationality, tumor site of origin, tumor histological subtype, tumor behavior, tumor grade, tumor extent, tumor laterality, the basis of the diagnosis, and survival status. Factors predicting survival were tested by a Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Mortality status on last contact.

SAMPLE SIZE:
3750 patients.

RESULTS:
The overall incidence of BC was 1.4 per 100 000 persons. Significant differences in the distribution of survival were observed by age, gender, nationality, place of residency, tumor morphology, tumor grade and extension. The adjusted predictors of decreased survival were age, squamous cell carcinoma, Grade III and IV bladder tumors, regional direct extension, regional lymph node extension, combined regional lymph node and direct extension, and distant metastasis. Male gender and being widowed were predictors of improved survival in the unadjusted analysis.

CONCLUSION:
This study provides further understanding of BC in a region with a high prevalence of risk factorsuch as smoking. Highlighting these factors, specifically in Saudi Arabia, improves evidence-based practice in this region and may facilitate appropriate care to optimize outcomes.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective study and underreporting.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
A flux tower dataset tailored for land model evaluation
Authors: Ukkola Anna M. , Abramowitz Gab , De Kauwe Martin G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Eddy covariance flux towers measure the exchange of water, energy,
and carbon fluxes between the land and atmosphere. They have become
invaluable for theory development and evaluating land models. However, flux
tower data as measured (even after site post-processing) are not directly
suitable for land surface modelling due to data gaps in model forcing
variables, inappropriate gap-filling, formatting, and varying data quality.
Here we present a quality-control and data-formatting pipeline for tower
data from FLUXNET2015, La Thuile, and OzFlux syntheses and the resultant
170-site globally distributed flux tower dataset specifically designed for
use in land modelling. The dataset underpins the second phase of the Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface
Models (PALS) Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER), an international model
intercomparison project encompassing >20 land surface and
biosphere models. The dataset is provided in the Assistance for Land-surface
Modelling Activities (ALMA) NetCDF format and is CF-NetCDF compliant. For
forcing land surface models, the dataset provides fully gap-filled
meteorological data that have had periods of low data quality removed.
Additional constraints required for land models, such as reference
measurement heights, vegetation types, and satellite-based monthly leaf area
index estimates, are also included. For model evaluation, the dataset
provides estimates of key water, carbon, and energy variables, with the
latent and sensible heat fluxes additionally corrected for energy balance
closure. The dataset provides a total of 1040 site years covering the period
1992–2018, with individual sites spanning from 1 to 21 years. The dataset is
available at http://doi.org/10.25914/5fdb0902607e1
(Ukkola et al., 2021).
Техніка давнього ремонту ліпленого посуду за матеріалами досліджень гончарного
комплексу пам’яток доби бронзи з музейної колекції Національного заповідника
«Хортиця»
Authors: Петрашина Поліна 
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто найдавніші прийоми й методи ремонту ліпленого посуду, які
використовували носії культур доби бронзи – ямної, катакомбної, зрубної та культури
багатопружкової кераміки. Досліджено комплекс ліпленої кераміки з археологічних
пам’яток Запорізької й Херсонської областей, що зберігається у фондах Національного
заповідника «Хортиця». Проаналізовано 23 відносно цілі форми та понад 50 окремих
фрагментів ліплених посудин з ознаками ремонту, таких як свердління й потовщення
черепка. Під час досліджень враховано, коли проводився такий ремонт – до чи після
випалювання глиняного виробу, а також хто його проводив – гончар чи власник
посудини. На виробах з колекції, що вивчалася, зафіксовано такі способи ремонту: •
замазування тріщин до випалювання з нарощенням товщини черепка; • свердління
отворів для стягування тріщин або фіксації окремих фрагментів посудини мотузкою з
рослинних волокон, шкіряним ременем або жилами. Також допускається ймовірність
заповнення тріщин та незначних за розміром втрачених фрагментів пластичними
матеріалами органічного й неорганічного походження або їх сумішами (такими як
смола, віск, мул, волога глина, закладання моху або просмоленого шнура).
Відповідно до трасологічних методів аналізу, досліджуючи форму й особливості
просвердлених отворів, вдалося простежити й частково реконструювати спосіб
свердління, а також форму і ймовірний матеріал знарядь; відтворено процес
свердління глиняного черепка за допомогою крем’яного сколу. Зроблено висновок
про значну поширеність явища ремонту глиняного посуду серед носіїв культур племен
бронзи, що було зумовлено кочовим характером життя, браком сировини, палива й,
відповідно, високою цінністю посуду. Загалом, прийоми й методи ремонту залишалися
незмінними й досить примітивними впродовж усієї доби бронзи.
On the history of the development of
mastology service in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaidarova D. , Yessenkulova S. , Zhumashev U. , Sadykovа T. , Djakypbaeva A. , Igissinovа G. , Amanbekov N. 
Published: February 2022

The current state of Kazakhstani oncomastology comes of
former scientific advances and is of certain interest for future
oncologists. The article describes the main stages of the formation and development of mastology service in Kazakhstan,
the biography of the Kazakh scientist, Doctor of Medicine,
professor, honored worker of the Republic of Kazakhstan, academician of the International Informatization Academy Asker
Esenkulov, and his scientific and practical contribution to the
development of domestic mastology.
Pemanfaatan Tunjangan Profesi Pendidik Bagi Guru-Guru SMA Di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Santi Mulya Dewi  , Suratno  , Mahmudah Hasanah  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik bagi guru-guru dan menguji perbedaannya berdasarkan karakteristik guru menurut jenis kelamin, lama menikmati tunjangan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, dan masa kerja. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dengan responden sebanyak 105 guru SMA di Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan tunjangan profesitermasuk dalam kategori cukup baik diakui oleh 68 guru (64,8%) dari 105 guru. Pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik untuk peningkatan dan pengembangan profesi termasuk kategori cukup baik dialami oleh 55 guru (52,4%) dan termasuk kategori cukup baik untuk pengeluaran keluarga atau rumah tangga dialami oleh 49 guru (46,7%). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan jenis kelamin dengan nilai t0 sebesar 0,097 dengan p > 0,05. Tidak ditemukanperbedaan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan lama menikmati tunjangan yaitu lama, sedang, dan baru ( F = 2,202 : p > 0,05). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan jumlah tanggungan, yaitu sedikit, sedang, dan banyak ( F = 2,520 : p > 0,05). Ditemukan perbedaan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan masa kerja, yaitu baru, sedang, dan lama ( F = 4,486 : p < 0,05). Para guru sudah cukup baik dalam mengalokasikan tunjangan profesi pendidik untuk peningkatan dan pengembangan profesi maupun pengeluaran keluarga atau rumah tangga. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan jenis kelamin, lama menikmati tunjangan, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga; akan tetapi ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pemanfaatan tunjangan profesi pendidik berdasarkan masa kerja guru.

Kata kunci : tunjangan profesi, pemanfaatan, guru.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn SISWA KELAS XII IPS SMA NEGERI 15 BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: RATNA JUWITA  
Published: February 2022

Proses pembelajaran di sekolah bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik dan mempersiapkan menghadapi masa depan yang lebih baik. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut diatas, salah satu ukuran berhasil atau tidaknya proses belajar mengajar dapat dilihat dari aktivitas dan hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa setelah mengikuti metode yang digunakan guru dalam proses pembelajaran. Adapun tujuan yang diharapkan dari dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mendeskripsikan penggunaan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. (2) Mendeskripsikan penggunaan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. Hipotesis penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah: (1) Penggunaan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn siswa Kelas IPS XII SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. (2) Penggunaan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. Berdasarkan data hasil analisis diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) Model pembelajaran Snowball Throwingdapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa pada siklus I sebesar 78,16% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 92,87%. (2) Model pembelajaran Snowball Throwingdapat meningkatkan ketuntasan hasil belajar PPKnsiswa Kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 20,7% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 86,21%.
Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Belajar, Hasil Belajar, Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing
Cancer morbidity in middle and high mountain conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Rustamova L. M. , Kurbonbekova P. K. , Khudoyorova J. , Toshtemirova Z. M. 
Published: February 2022

Aim. To study the prevalence of cancer diseases in the high and middle mountains of the Republic of Tajikistan.Material and methods. The current paper studies the incidence of cancer in mountainous areas of Tajikistan covers the period between 2010-2020. We used materials from the Statistical Yearbook of the Republican Center of Medical Statistics and Information under the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan (2020), statistical data from the Department of Health of GBAO, and medical and statistical data from the Central Regional Hospital in Khorog.Result. A comparative analysis of the data for the last ten years shows that the primary incidence of cancer in Tajikistan has been increasing: the incidence rate per every 100,000 people has changed from 34.6 to 40, and in the middle and highlands from 63.1 to 85.1 cases of the disease. Between 2010 and 2020, there was a serious increase in the incidence of breast and cervical cancer among highland residents: breast cancer increased from 2.9 to 18.0 and cervical cancer from 6.8 to 13.4 cases per 100,000 population.Conclusion. In recent years, the number of people in the middle and high mountains of Tajikistan who got cancer has increased, and they often seek medical care already at the last stage of the disease. Timely detection and treatment of precancerous conditions can improve the quality and increase the life expectancy of patients.
The results of surgical treatment of extra-organ retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Sanginov D. R. , Huseynzoda Z. H. , Zoirov R. A. , Naibo M. Kh. , Mahmad M. 
Published: February 2022

Aim.To analyze the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with non-organ retroperitoneal tumors.Material and research methods.A retrospective analysis of medical records (medical history, outpatient records) of patients with non-organ retroperitoneal tumors treated in the Uro-procto-oncology Department for the period 2017-2020 was carried out.Results and discussion.It was found out that the prevalence of the tumor process according to the international TNM classification of UICC was as follows: stage II– 5 (21.7%), stage III - 14 (60.8%), and stage IV – 4 (17.4%). The inclusion of stage IV disease in our study is since this group includes locally distributed tumors with germination into neighboring organs and tissues, in the presence of affected lymph nodes, but without distant metastases. The specified diagnosis of the staging is based on operational findings. Before the operation, the prognosis of the possibility of radical surgery was 40%.Conclusion.The main and only radical method of treatment of non-organ retroperitoneal tumors remains surgical treatment.
Manifestaciones radiológicas del síndrome del nevus azul. Presentación de caso
Authors: Adolfo Triana Gustavo , Triana Sergio , Andrea Forero Paula 
Published: February 2022

El síndrome del nevus azul es una entidad infrecuente que consiste en múltiples malformaciones venosas que comprometen la piel y el resto de los órganos. Los pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos o pueden cursar con diversas manifestaciones dependiendo del lugar donde se encuentren estas alteraciones vasculares. Las distintas modalidades diagnósticas permiten identificar claramente las malformaciones vasculares; sin embargo, usualmente son consideradas un hallazgo incidental y rara vez son el motivo de la realización del estudio. A continuación, se describe el caso de un paciente de 65 años de edad con diagnóstico de síndrome del nevus azul, con malformaciones venosas evidentes, en modalidades como tomografía computarizada, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética
Merekonstruksi Ibadah Kreatif: Sebuah Upaya Membangun Minat Remaja Kristen Untuk Bergereja
Authors: Novita Diana , Setiawan David Eko , Dean Melania , - Fariasa , Marcos Carles Roberto 
Published: February 2022

This article aims to explore the church's efforts to rebuild creative worship so that it can attract Christian youth to come to worship. This is because Worship is no longer attractive, especially among Christian youth. Surver Bilangan Research Center (BRC) proved that as many as 28.2% said that there were many interesting activities outside the church, which made Christian youth less active in attending church due to boring worship, monotonous worship, lack of creativity, and the church did not have a good impact on Christian youth growth. The method used is literature study (document), which is data collection juxtaposed to build the church's understanding of reconstructing creative worship. Thus, the church needs to reconstruct creative worship in order to attract the attention and interest of Christian youth to come to worship. As a result, Christian youth can be active in church by planning a worship program that is not boring, making simple decorations, holding worship activities interspersed with outdoor activities, fellowships together after worship. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali upaya gereja untuk membangun kembali ibadah kreatif sehingga dapat menarik minat remaja Kristen untuk datang beribadah. Hal ini di karenakan Ibadah saat ini sudah tidak menarik khususnya dikalangan remaja Kristen. Surver Bilangan Research Center (BRC) membuktikan bahwa sebanyak 28,2% mengatakan bahwa ada banyak kegiatan yang menarik diluar gereja sehingga membuat remaja Kristen kurang aktif bergereja dikarenakan Ibadah yang membosankan, ibadah yang monoton, kurang kreatif, dan gereja tidak memberi dampak yang baik bagi pertumbuhan remaja Kristen. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur (dokumen), yaitu pengambilan data yang disandingkan untuk membangun pemahaman gereja mengenai merekonstruksi ibadah kreatif dengan demikian gereja perlu melakukan rekonstruksi ibadah kreatif guna menarik perhatian dan minat remaja Kristen untuk datang beribadah. Hasilnya remaja Kristen dapat aktif bergereja dengan merencanakan program ibadah yang tidak membosankan, membuat dekorasi sederhana, mengadakan kegiatan ibadah diselingi dengan kegiatan outdoor, fellowship bersama-sama setelah ibadah.
Kontekstualisasi Injil Terhadap Suku Migani Papua
Authors: Senjaya Styadi , Hermanto Yanto Paulus 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Masyarakat suku Migani, Papua merupakan daerah yang perlu dijangkau Injil. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab bagaimana agar Injil dapat masuk dan diterima secara sepenuhnya oleh suku Migani di Papua dengan metode pemuridan yang diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman terhadap tokoh Peagabega, kebudayaan Suku Migani dan pemudridan yang berkelanjutan merupakan hal-hal yang bisa dilakukan dalam memperkanalkan Injil. Dengan demikian pengabar Injil dapat masuk sesuai konteks budaya suku Migani. Abstract: The Migani tribal community, Papua is an area that needs to be reached by the Gospel. This research is to answer how the Gospel can be fully accepted and accepted by the Migani tribe in Papua with the discipleship method that is applied in everyday life. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that an understanding of Peagabega figures, Migani culture and sustainable discipleship are things that can be done in introducing the gospel. Thus the evangelist can enter according to the cultural context of the Migani tribe.