bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Insecticides for Potato Insect Control, Freeville, New York, 1979
Authors: Tingey Ward M. , Rose K. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Katahdin' potatoes were planted May 5, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9-12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 1-row wide, 40-ft long, with 36-inch-row spacing, separated by 2 skip rows. A randomized complete block of 4 replications was used. Fertilization was by 1000 lbs/A of 15-15-15 NPK in 2 in-row side bands at planting. Granular EPTC was applied at 6.0 lb ai/acre on Jul 12. Chlorothalonil at 1.1 lbs ai/acre was used at weekly intervals for control of late blight. Plots were not irrigated. Foliar sprays were applied by tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 250 psi and 100 gal/acre. Sampling of aphids and potato leafhopper nymphs was by the leaf-sample method; 1 fully expanded-compound leaf was taken from the upper 1/2 and lower 1/2 of each of 10 randomly selected plants/plot. Sampling of other pests was by the D-vac vacuum method; samples were taken from 10 randomly selected sites/plot, with 3 bounces/site.
Potato, Wireworm Control, Pasco, Washington, 1978
Authors: Turner J. E. , Toba H. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conductad in a grower's solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field. The soil type was Ritzville silt loam (Calciothidic Haploxerolls), and the organic matter content was less than 0.5%. On Mar 20, five soil samples were taken at each of 20 sites in the field (75 acres) to a depth of at least 18 inches with a posthole digger to estimate the wireworm population. Six wireworms were found in 100 samples, a mean density of 0.24 wireworms/ft2. The soil temperatures at 6, 12 and 18 inches were 8, 7 and 6°C, respectively. The test area consisted of 4 adjacent blocks for four different application methods: preplant broadcast, at-plant sidedress, seed piece furrow, and postemergence sidedress. The same granular formulations were applied in each block. Plots within the blocks measured 32-ft long and 4-rows (11.3 ft) wide (34-inch row spacing). Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design within each block. Broadcast applications were made Apr 12 with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder. Plots were rototilled to a depth of 4-6 inches within 1 hour after application; and potato seed pieces, 'Russet Burbank', were planted on Apr 13 with a two-row planter. The at-plant sidedress applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter and the chemicals were shanked 3-4 inches to each side and level with the seed piece in 1-inch bands; then the materials applied in the seed furrow were deposited through the planter shoe in 1-inch bands immediately after the seed pieces dropped. The postemergence sidedress applications were made May 19 with tractor-mounted Gandy applicators in a manner similar to the at-plant sidedress applications. On Sep 26-27, tuber samples were harvested from the two center rows of each replicate (ca 15 ft/row). All tubers were washed and examined and the percentages, by weight, of tubers injured and culled tubers because of wireworms were determined. “Injured#x201D; was defined as any penetration of a tuber by a wireworm, and “culled#x201D; was defined as any injury severe enough to meet the description of “damage#x201D; in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. The percentages were transformed to arcsine percentage and analyzed by analysis of variance (split-plot design) and Duncan's multiple range test.
Insect Control on Sweet Potatoes, Lenoir County, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Jewel' sweet potatoes were transplanted on May 21, near Kinston, NC. Shell DD at 17 gal/acre was used for nematode control. Approximately 1800 lbs of 10-0-24 fertilizer was applied at planting. Plots consisted of four 300-ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied pretransplant, over the row and incorporated by the planter. Granular treatments were applied by a Herd broadcaster. Liquid treatments were applied by a Johnson sprayer operated at 30 psi and delivering 50 gal/acre. All treatments were applied on May 21. Potatoes were harvested on Oct 2. Insect damage was evaluated by scoring 50 roots selected at random for a middle row of each plot. Damage classes were: Wireworm - 0 = no damage, 1 = 1-5 holes, 2 = 6-10 holes, 3 = 11 or more holes; flea beetle - 0 = no damage, 1 = less than 1 inch of tunnels, 2 = 1 inch - 3 inch of tunnels, 3 = more than 3 inch of tunnels. The total number of roots in each damage class/plot was then multiplied by a damage factor.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of the Sweet Potato Weevil and Banded Cucumber Beetle, 1978
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vine cuttings were planted 1 ft apart on Jun 23, in Rockdale soil. Plots were single rows on 6—ft centers, 30-ft long with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatment rates and gallonage per acre were calculated as if the rows were on 3-ft centers. Treatments were applied every 3 weeks beginning Jul 14 with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles/row which delivered 100 gal water/acre with 250 psi. A total of 6 applications were made. The plots were harvested Nov 9. Two 4 lb samples of sweet potatoes were collected from each plot and held in paper bags in the laboratory (approximately 75°F). The number of weevils/bag were counted after 30 days. Ten potatoes/plot were washed and rated (injury index) for banded cucumber beetle larval damage. The injury index is based on the number of potatoes in categories with 0, 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16 or more feeding scars X weighing factors of 1-5 respectively. The products are added and the sum divided by the number of potatoes (10) in the sample (injury index developed by L. H. Rolston, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA). Duncan's multiple range test was used to separate the means.
Control of Root Maggots on Turnip, in 1977 and 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purple Top White Globe turnips were planted in 5- by 20-ft row beds with 22-inch interrow and 4 to 6-inch interplant spacing on Jul 26 '77 and Jul 27 '78, at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The at-planting granular treatments of Dasanit were applied and incorporated, by using the “bow wave” method whereby the opening and covering shoes of the seeder are used to distribute and incorporate the insecticide. These were followed by the 30-day postplanting (= 40-day preharvest) application of a band spray of the SC formulation to the soil surface applied in 3.5 gal water/1000 lineal ft of row through “TEEJET” 8005 even spray flat fan nozzles operated at 60 psi by air pressure. Both methods resulted in 6-inch wide bands of insecticide over the row. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing, washing, and examining the roots of 15 plants selected at random from each bed at harvest. The number of plants injured and the degree of inury were noted and recorded.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2 year old stand of pure seeded alfalfa, 1 acre in size, was utilized for this study at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, New York. Small plots were established in the center of the 1 acre field in a randomized block design of 3 repli-cations (plot size 12 × 25 ft - 300 sq ft/plot). This design allowed untreated buffer crop completely around the outside of the treatment block. Insecticide treatments were applied on Jul 13'79 with a CO2 bottle sprayer using 1/2 gal bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment sweep net insect samplings were taken at 11 days on Jul 24'79 by using 10-180° sweep samples per plot. The degree of blotch mining on plant terminals was determined on Jul 25'79 by counting number of actual mines on 5 whole terminals per plot. Alfalfa yields were sampled on Jul 30'79 by using a small sickle bar mower to cut a 1/1000 acre swath out of plot centers and weighing all hay cut. Samples were taken to determine percent DM by overdrying analysis as well as protein content.
Apple, Orchard Insecticide Study, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agway Orchard, Fabius, New York, on dwarf trellised rootstock apple trees of the varieties Mcintosh, Red Delicious, Macoun and Cortland using a full season protective spray program. Single-row blocks (each 0.1 A) of 22 trees were sprayed by handgun to run-off at IX concentration using a tractor mounted platform sprayer at 80 psi to deliver 300 gpa dilute equivalent. Insecticide treatments were applied at pink (May 14), petal fall (May 31), first cover (Jun 6), second cover (Jun 15), third cover (Jun 26), fourth cover (Jul 7-9), fifth cover (Jul 24), sixth cover (Aug 7), seventh cover (Aug 21) and eighth cover (Sep 4). Additional sprays applied for disease control over the entire block in cluded Difolatan 4F 5 gal/A + 60 spray Oil E 2 gal (Apr 23) and Benlate 50W .50 lb/100 at bloom (May 22). Benlate 50W was combined with insecticides and the check treatment at .25 lb/100 as the standard fungicide in the full pest spray program. In one treatment, Lannate L with Celathion 40W, Glyodin at 1 qt/100 was used instead of Benlate as the fungicide treatment. Foliar and fruit insect damage assessments were made after first cover and at harvest. At harvest (Oct 2) evaluations consisted of sampling a total of 250 fruit of 4 varieties in subsamples of 25 fruit/tree. (Ten out of 22 trees were randomly sampled). Pheromone traps indicated little red banded leafroller activity. Bait traps for apple maggot collected no insects. Severe insect damage to fruit was caused by plum curculio and tarnished plant bug. Tentiform leafminer was observed to be building up In the test orchard and causing much mining. Late season boring in mature fruit thought at first to be CM turned out to be infestation by European corn borer which caused shallower shot hole borings throughout the fruit.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control and Lesion Nematode Assay Study, 1979
Authors: Gaufhier Norman L. , Harrison Martin B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field located at the Agway Farm Research Center had been in continuous corn for 6 years. A level of 5-10% lodging was observed in this area during harvest 1978. Single row plots 30 ft longx 30 in rows were arranged in a randomized block design of 3 replications. Conventional planting (actual seeded population was 30,000/A) fertilization and Atrazine + Lasso preemergence herbicide was used along with Agway 2-Way-Diazinon + Captan HB seed treatment on Jun 14'79. Soil type was Hasley clay loam pH 6.6, OM 5%. All materials were applied by hand in a two method of application design. Test No. 1 was treated with in-furrow granular applications (material in contact with seed). Test No. 2 received conventional 7 inch banded applications incorporated into the topsoil. Rootworm larval root damage ratings were assessed Oct 3'79 by digging 5 plants per plot using the Iowa Root Rating Index System of 1-6: 1 = No noticeable feeding 2 = Feeding scars present 3 = At least 1 root pruned to 1.5 inch of base 4 = 1 full node of roofs pruned 5 = 2 full nodes of roots pruned 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots pruned Silage yields obtained Oct 11'79 represented 1/2000 acre samples, adjusted to 32% DM equivalent. Analyses of nematode soil and root samples obtained Oct 3/79 were processed at the Cornell Nematode Diagnostic Laboratory. The nematode date reported in Tables 1 and 2 was prepared by M.B. Harrison.
Cotton Bollworm Control, 1977
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Wilkins James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coker 310 was planted in 66 rows at 12-13 lb per acre on a Norfolk sandy loam soil in Scotland County, North Carolina, on April 20. Six 35-ft rows per treatment were utilized. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Temik 15G was applied in furrow at planting at 0.45 lb ai/acre for early season insect control. Insecticide treatments were applied to the middle 4 rows from a 2 gal backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 4.7 gal/acre at 60 psi and 1.6 mph with a TX-4 hollow cone nozzle per row. Applications were made on July 22, 27, and August 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29. Fifty fruiting forms were inspected weekly in each plot 48 hr post-treatment for damage and live worms. Cotton was hand picked from the middle 2 rows of each plot on September 27 and converted to lb lint per acre.
Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control, 1978
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Wilkins James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eighty-four rows of Coker 310 were planted on April 17'78, on Norfolk sandy loam soil In Scotland County, North Carolina, at 12-13 lb per acre. Six rows of 35 ft were utilized per treatment in randomized complete block design with 4 repii-cates. Temik 15G was applied at planting at 0.45 lb ai/acre for early season insect control. Insecticide treatments were applied to the middle 4 rows by a 2-gal C02~powered backpack sprayer delivering 5 gpa at 60 psi and 1.5 mph with a single TX-4 hollow cone nozzle per row. Applications were made on Aug 4, 7, 10, 17, 18, 24, 31 and September 7 and 14. Weekly inspections of 50 fruiting forms for damage and live worms were made in each plot 72-96 hr post-treat-ment. The percent Heliothis zea vs. H. virescens was determined by examination of 50-100 larvae sampled from border rows on August 8, 10, 17, 24, 28, and September 7, 19 and 21. Yields were calculated by hand picking middle two rows on November 14 from each plot and converting to lb of lint per acre.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1979
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Bradley James , Cothern David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pioneer Branc 4789A was planted on May 14 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 18 lb/acre. Eight - row plots, 200 ft long, were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal total spray mixture per acre, with 1 number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Five applications were made between July 25 and August 21. Intervals between applications ranged from 5 to 7 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 inch of water on Aug 1,7, 15 and 22. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: July 31, 0.18 inch; Aug 11, trace; Aug 16, 0.28 inch; Aug 20, 0.44 inch; Aug 21, 0.20 inch; Aug 22, 0.71 inch; Aug 23, .18 inch; and Aug 27, .10 Inch for a total of 2.09 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis sp. populations were considered light during the testing period. Heliothis sp. determinations were as follows: July 30, 44% H_. zea, 56% H. virescens, Aug 7, 61%_H zea, 30% H. virescens, Aug 21, 33%_H_. zea, 67% H. virescens, and on Aug 21, 61% H. zea, 39% H. virescens.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Fleahopper, Plant Bug and Their Effect on Beneficial Insects, 1979
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Bradley James , Cothern David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pioneer brand4789A was planted on May 14 at the South Central Research Station, Chlckasha, Oklahoma at 18 lb/acre. Eight row plots, 200 ft long, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph, 1st gear, at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 2.5 gal of total spray mixture per acre, with one number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. One application was made on July 17. During application .05 inch of rain fell followed by .1 and .18 inch on July 18 and 19 respectively. Insect populations were determined by running a D-VAC over 200 ft of each row in the center of each plot. Plots were sampled on July 16 prior to treatment and July 20, three days after treatment.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Preflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1977-78
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , Bandong J. P. , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective was to Identify commercially available insecticides that are effective at low dosages and thus economical to small-scale farmers. Four trials on farmers' fields evaluated 30 foliar insecticides applied on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE) against preflowering insects. Each insecticide was applied to 3 replicated plots (50 sq.m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 400 L4ia. All plots, including rhe check received postflowering insecticide (0.75 kg ai Thiodan/ha on 35, 45 and 55 DE) and fungicide (0.5 kg ai Ben late/ha on 35 and 45 DE). Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. The trials were conducted in the dry season in the village of Pao, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province. Mung bean (300,000 plants/ha) was broadcast sown and harrowed into tilled seedbeds (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 0 mm and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 31 and 19 C, respectively for the crop period. Beanflies were counted by dissecting 25 plants/plot. Flea beetle damage was estimated visually as % defoliation on a per-plot basis. Aphids were scored (1-9 scale) on a per-plant basis expressed as an average per plot: 1 = no aphids, 3 = winged aphids, 5 = several colonies, 7 = many distinct colonies, 9 = many coalesced and indistinct colonies. Yield was based on 15 sq. m.
Wh Itefringed Beetle Ld50 Studies, 1976
Authors: Golden William M. , Bass Max H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adult whitefringed beetles were field collected and held in groups of 100 in screen cages. Fresh soybean leaves were supplied each day as a food source. Blotting paper was fitted and taped to the floor of the cages as an oviposition site. This paper was removed daily, sections containing egg masses clipped off, and egg masses incubated. Newly enclosed larvae were used in the ensuing bioassay. Fine, sandy loam soil was collected from an insecticide-free area on the Auburn University Agronomy Farm, throughly mixed, and screened to remove rocks and debris. The insecticides were incorporated into the soil by weighing the insecticides, measuring the soil volumetrically mixing the two for 5 minutes in a 3-cu-ft electrically powered cement mixer. The cement mixer was carefully cleaned after each batch. Rates selected for testing were calculated to approximate the concentration in the top 3 inch of soil as it would occur under field conditions. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine insecticidal rates that would produce greater than 5% but less than 95% mortality for each insecticide used. Four rates from within this "effective dosage" range were then selected for the final test for each insecticide. Insecticides used were field grade granular formulations (Table 1). Treated soils were placed in 148-ml containers to a depth of ca 76 mm (3 inch). Ten newly enclosed larvae were placed in each container. All treatments were replicated four times and untreated checks were provided in each test. Insects were held in a rearing room maintained at 25°C and 60% RH throughout the experimental period. After 7 days, larval mortality was determined by recovering the larvae from the soil by flotation with MgSC&gt;4 solution (400 g MgSO4L H2O). Data were corrected for natural mortality through the use of Abbot's formula and were then analyzed statistically by the Bliss log probit method.
Apple, Evaluation of Full Season Postbloom Spraying (Alternate Row Technique) with Two Rates of Pounce, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Parrella M. P. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four, 4- tree replicates were sprayed on one side with selected Pounce dosages and a water check on each treatment date (May 9, 18, 25, Jun 5, 12, 19, 26, Jul 3, 11, 19, 30, Aug 6, 13, 20,27, Sep 4). Each replicate consisted of the cultivars Triple Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Double Red Stayman and Commander Red York on the rootstocks MM106, M7, MM106 and MM111, respectively. Unsprayed buffer trees were left between each replicate to minimize drift. The side of the tree sprayed was alternated on each successive spray date. The experiment was set up as a two-way analysis of variance with treatments and varieties as classes. All applications were made with a Swanson airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.55 liters/ha) at 2 mph ground speed (3.22 km/hr) with 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2) pump pressure. To insure sufficient pressure from C. pomonella each tree was inoculated with approximately eight late instar larvae (1000 in the 130-tree block) on May 13. Corregated cardboard strips containing the larvae were stapled to the trunk of each tree. Each strip was covered with a strip of aluminum foil that extended one-fourth inch (0.635 cm) beyond the edges of the cardboard to (1) reflect sun rays, (2) deflect water, and (3) discourage bird feeding. To determine the effect of Pounce on early season pests of apple, 10 leaf clusters/tree were chosen at random and examined for fruitworm, leafhoppers, aphids and leafrollers (Table 1). On May 25 and Jun 6, ca. 50 apples/tree were examined for damage by plum curculios, tarnished plant bugs and fruitworms. These data are recorded as percent damaged fruit (Table 2). Beginning on Jun 18 codling moth damage (stings and entries) was assessed as for plum curculios, tarnished plant bugs and fruitworms. When the fruit began to drop the fallen apples were collected and examined for codling moth injury (Table 3). Maintenance spraying was primarily for suppression of apple scab and cedar rust. During the season the following (6X concentrate) fungicides were applied: Polyram 12 lb/100 gal (14.38 g/liter), Dikar 10 lb/100 gal (11.98 g/liter), captan 50W 10 lb/100 gal (11.98 g/liter), captan 50W 10 lb/100 gal (11.98 g/liter) + Cyprex 65W 5 lb/100 gal (5.99 g/liter), and Cyprex 5 lb/100 gal (5.99 g/liter). Three-pound fruit samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, and 14 da following the last application for residue analysis by the manufacturer and will be reported on separately.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Soybeans, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis W. , Venable L. , Newton P. , Powell M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
York variety soybeans were planted on May 22 in 30 inch rows near Preston, Caroline County, Maryland. At time of treatment plants were nearing maturity. Treatment plots within the production field were 5 × 20 ft rows with the center 3 rows used for sampling. Treatments were applied on September 15 with a back-pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment counts were made on September 14 using the plant-shake ground cloth method. At the time of sampling the population structure was 15% larvae, 50% pupae and 35% adults. Although the larval pupation was peaking, population levels were sufficient for a good test.