bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Reliability Design Theory on a Thin-Wall Vessel Structure
Authors: Le Xiaobin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A component will not reliable unless it is designed with the required reliability. Since the Advisory Group on Reliability of Electronic Equipment (AGREE) published the “Reliability of Military Electronic Equipment” in 1957, engineering reliability has gradually become an engineering branch to serve engineering design. But implementation process of reliability in mechanical components design is slow. There are maybe two main reasons: (1) There is a lack of statistical descriptions of material mechanical properties; and (2) There is a lack of appropriate reliability design approaches for mechanical component reliability design, especially for a fatigue design under cyclic loads. A thin-wall vessel is a typical mechanical component under combined stresses. It is extremely hard to establish the limit state function for a thin-wall vessel structure under cyclic loads by using the P-S-N curve approach. For the fatigue design issue, the author proposes to use the probabilistic component fatigue strength index and fatigue damage index model, which has been proposed by the author, for establishing the limit state function for the thin-wall vessel structure under cyclic loads, and then determining its reliability under cyclic loads. This paper presents and explains how to establish the limit state functions of a thin-wall vessel structure under different typical static loads and cyclic loads. Two case study examples are provided for implementing the proposed approaches to conduct the reliability calculation of a thin-wall vessel structure under static load and a cyclic load.
A Study on the Effects of Unmodelled Rotational Load Swing Dynamics on the Anti-Swing Control of an Overhead Crane
Authors: Lee Ho-Hoon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of the mass moment of inertia of the load on the anti-swing control of an overhead crane are studied with realistic computer simulations. First, the dynamic equations of motion are derived for a 2-dimensional overhead crane, based on Lagrange’s equations, in which the rotational load swing dynamics is included. Then, based on a coupled sliding surface [4], an anti-swing control scheme is designed without considering the rotational swing dynamics. In this case, the rotational load swing dynamics can be considered as unmodelled dynamics. The conventional anti-swing control scheme with an anti-swing trajectory generator will be simulated on the control of the overhead crane having the unmodelled dynamics. In this simulation, a delay of one-sampling period will be included in the feedback loop as in practical control applications in industry. For high simulation accuracy, the dynamic model of the crane including the rotational load swing dynamics will be solved by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta formula with an adaptive step size.
Autonomously Controlled Robot With Trilateration-Based Localization for Optimized Excavation of Lunar Regolith
Authors: Smith Michael , Grabowsky David , Stanley Holden , Brake Jeremy , Browne Aidan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Extracting local resources from excavated lunar regolith will help support a sustainable presence on the Moon. For example, water ice beneath the lunar permanently shadowed region can be processed into liquid oxygen/hydrogen propellant. The availability of space acquired propellant could dramatically decrease the cost of Earth to space transportation. To address this need, this work proposes an autonomously controlled robot with trilateration-based localization for optimized excavation of lunar regolith. A proof-of-concept design for an autonomous lunar mining rover is presented. The autonomous rover is capable of traveling to known dig sites, excavating lunar regolith/water ice simulant, and transporting the lunar regolith/water ice simulant back to a collection sieve, without the need for user input. The work included phases for requirements and planning, conceptual design, detailed design, and testing for performance validation. Contributions of the proposed design include an autonomously controlled rover for excavation of lunar regolith, with design optimization to maximize the amount of successfully deposited material. The proposed design offers an optimal balance between opposing cost functions and design constraints for reducing the size and weight of the rover, while maximizing the operational performance of the rover for mining, transit, and depositing.
Comparison of Finite Element Modeling With Measured Deflection of Spiral Flat Oval Duct
Authors: Paruchuri Avinash , Liu Jane , Idem Stephen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deformation was measured as a function of internal static gauge pressure for galvanized steel spiral 12 in. × 43 in. (305 mm × 1092 mm) flat oval ducts. Both unreinforced and externally reinforced ducts were considered. Dial deflection gauges were used to measure the duct deformation at prescribed locations on the top and bottom surface of the test duct and compared to corresponding predictions generated using a nonlinear finite element model that accounted for the self-weight of the duct walls. The Average Wall Thickness (AWT) method was utilized to account for the presence of a continuous spiral seam. Shell elements were employed to represent the thin-walled structure of the ducts. External trapeze reinforcements spaced 3 ft (0.91 m), 6 ft (1.83 m), and 12 ft (3.66 m) apart were modeled using beam elements. The non-linear finite element model of the duct system was found to yield realistic deformation predictions. It was concluded that finite element modeling can be used to guide decisions regarding the selection of a thicker duct wall, or inclusion of either internal or external reinforcement, if concerns exist about excessive duct or reinforcement deformation caused by high internal gauge pressures.
Intelligent Process Control Following Industry 4.0 Trends
Authors: Guerra-Zubiaga David , McMichael Grayson , Segura-Velandia Diana , Aslam Maria , Yim Seung-Woo , Anderson Zack , Goh Yee Mey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Industry 4.0 is the next phase in the industrial revolution, and it is considered a key factor for advanced process control. This paper is focused on Industry 4.0 aspects to support better process control through a Manufacturing Execution System (MES). Some intelligent manufacturing decision systems require complex infrastructures that make advanced feedback control possible. The motivation of this paper is exploring the paradigms such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Big Data collection, Cloud Manufacturing (CM), and Machine Learning (ML) to provide better manufacturing support decisions in process control. This paper proposes a new approach at MES providing more intelligent process control through the integration of IIoT, CM, and ML. This research effort created a Process Control Training Bench (PCTB) as experimental infrastructure to implement a process control system incorporating Industry 4.0 trends and applying ML to analyze and predict anomalies.
Optimization of CNC Milling of General-Purpose Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)
Authors: Wambua J. M. , Mwema F. M. , Akinlabi E. T. , Tanya Buddi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CNC milling parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the general-purpose PMMA. The milling parameters considered were cutting speed, axial depth of cut and feed rate, each having four levels obtained through experimental trial and error. The levels were 300 rpm, 700 rpm, 1300 rpm, and 2000 rpm for the cutting speed; 0.3 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm for the axial depth of cut; and 50 mm/min, 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min, and 350 mm/min for the feed rate. The Taguchi technique was used to design the experiments and carry out the analysis and optimization with an L16 orthogonal array. From the analysis, the optimal milling parameters for the maximum MRR were a cutting speed of 300 rpm, an axial depth of cut of 2 mm, and a 350 mm/min feed rate. The optimal CNC milling parameters for the least Ra were obtained at a cutting speed of 2000 rpm, an axial depth of cut of 0.3 mm, and a 50 mm/min feed rate. An ANOVA conducted depicted that all three factors were significant towards the MRR with the feed rate having the highest percentage contribution (48.8%), followed by the depth of cut (38.3%), and lastly, the cutting speed (9.8%). An ANOVA for Ra depicted that cutting speed and feed rate were the most significant factors. The axial depth of cut was insignificant towards the mean surface roughness. In terms of percentage contributions to the mean surface roughness, the cutting speed had the highest contribution (59.9%), followed by the feed rate (19.4%), and lastly, the axial depth of cut (13.9%).
Research on the Application of Electric Heating Floor in Railway Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Jia Na , Liang Jingwen , Cao Yanhua , Liu Xianfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of rail transit vehicle technology in recent years, railway vehicles are constantly developing in novel directions of lightweight, integration, intelligence, as well as environmental protection and energy saving. The application of electric heating floors in railway vehicles is one of the innovative attempts. This paper first illustrates the working principle, applicable standards, typical structure, mechanical performance, and technical parameters of the electric heating floor. Subsequently, simulation analysis on the heating floor samples is conducted, and the simulation data of compressive strength is obtained for this heating floor. The result of the analysis illustrates that the mechanical performance of the heating floor is not distinct from the normal floor, which meets the requirements of railway vehicle utilization. Then, simulation and comparison between the railway vehicle heating system using traditional heaters and electric heating floors are performed, to evaluate the heating effects in different ambient temperatures. Finally, this paper explores the technical difficulties and application prospects of the heating floor in railway vehicles.
Modeling and Station-Keeping Control of an Underwater Vehicle Manipulator System Through Reactions Wheels
Authors: de Oliveira Éverton L. , Donha Decio C. , Cardoso Reginaldo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator System (UVMS) is a complex and highly non-linear multibody dynamic system used in Inspection, Maintenance and Repair (IMR) operations. Beyond the disturbances caused by the hydrodynamic forces, the UVMS is also subjected to the dynamic coupling between the Underwater Unmanned Vehicle (UUV) and the manipulator. This coupling affects the attitude and position of the UUV, which should remain stationary while the manipulator moves. The correct compensation of such coupling could be achieved through precise model-based control or, e.g., with signals produced by a force/torque sensor mounted between the UUV and the manipulator. However, the former approach is almost impossible to achieve, and the latter is very difficult to implement. Given these problems, this paper proposes a station-keeping control scheme based on Reactions Wheels (RWs) as inertial actuators for the attitude stabilization of a UUV under the action of the disturbances induced by the manipulator. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated here through numerical simulation, taking as a case study a planar UVMS consisting of a UUV and a two-link serial manipulator. The proposed control system provides better performance on the station-keeping when compared with a model-based decoupling controller. Moreover, it leads to lower energy consumption, which can increase the autonomous capabilities of the UVMS.
Effect of Glycol Aqueous Solution Properties on Battery Cooling Performance Based on Cold Plate
Authors: Zhang Hongya , Li Chengshuai , Xie Yangsu , Radwan Ali , Fang Haisheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional analysis of an 8s1p (8 series and 1 parallexl batteries in a stage) lithium-ion battery module consisting of 8 prismatic batteries is performed using a multi-domain modeling framework. The well-known Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) model is used for modelling. A thermal management system based on liquid cooling via cold plates utilizing glycol aqueous solution (GAS) is proposed. Cooling simulations of the battery module are carried out at different GAS volume concentrations and flow velocities. The temperature evolutions at different volume concentrations and inlet flow velocities are determined, and the results are found to be in good agreement with the experiments. Strategies for modifying the properties of GAS to release the heat generated by the battery module are proposed. It is found that, the cell temperature and temperature gradients were maintained at a tolerable level at a suitable inlet flow velocity and volume concentration of GAS, even at a 5C discharge rate. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the temperature difference between the 8 battery cells reaches the minimum when the volume concentration of GAS is 70%, which means that the optimum cooling uniformity of the battery module can be reached at this volume concentration.
An Overview of the Research Landscape in the Field of Safe Machine Learning
Authors: Siedel Georg , Voß Stefan , Vock Silvia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The applicability of ML components in safety-critical systems will significantly depend on whether it will be possible to provide a comprehensive proof of their safety. Three research questions (RQ) are answered in order to provide a starting point for future activities towards the risk assessment of safety-critical systems containing ML components. First, special emphasis was placed on the design of a literature search strategy in order to enable quantitative insights into a representative set of publications (RQ1). Taxonomy analysis, bibliographic data visualization and compiled findings of reviews were therefore combined. A categorization of identified methods towards improving, ensuring and assessing safe machine learning was developed (RQ2). Then, a comparison was made with those methods for safety-critical software that are recommended by the functional safety standard IEC 61508 (RQ3). The comparison and quantification of research activity revealed imbalances within separate research areas. The conclusion is drawn that for the safety assessment of ML systems a comprehensive toolbox of combined methods needs to be converged from procedures within existing safety standards and the broad spectrum of methods proposed by current scientific publications.
Interaction of T-Stiffener on A0 Lamb Mode Propagation Behavior in Thin Plate
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Yu Zexing , Xu Chao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Integrally T-stiffened plates are widely used in aerospace, marine and other engineering structures. When elastic guided wave method is used to detect the damage of such structures, it is necessary to well understand the wave propagation behavior in these structures to further mature the guided wave SHM method. In this paper, the interaction between the fundamental anti-symmetric guided Lamb mode (A0) and T-stiffener in an integrally stiffened thin plate is studied by finite element numerical simulation. The propagation behavior of A0 mode in stiffened plate is actuated using a piezoelectric wafer active sensor. The characteristics of wave propagation caused by the presence of stiffener are analyzed in time domain using response signals and displacement snapshots. The results show that the existence of stiffeners causes obvious mode conversion. With the change of excitation frequency, the reflection and transmission behaviors of guided waves in A0 and S0 modes change obviously.
Construction and Testing of Small-Scale Transformable-Hull Concept Boat
Authors: Whitworth Phillip , James Cole , Matveev Konstantin I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Practically all marine vessels have fixed-geometry hulls. This limits their capabilities and high-performance regimes to a limited set of operational conditions. Having a transformable or adaptive hull structure can help maximize ship’s operational performance for various scenarios. In this work, a transformable concept boat is conceived that can change its configuration from monohull to twin-hulled configuration. A catamaran is desirable for carrying volumetric cargo or creating a large deck space that can serve, for example, as a launch pad for aircraft, while more compact monohulls can be more easily stored or operated in restricted environments. A monohull and a catamaran also have different stability, hydrodynamic, maneuvering and seakeeping characteristics. In the present effort, a small-scale model boat has been constructed with two hulls that can be brought together or separated using an expansion mechanism driven by a servo motor. This model setup has been equipped with propulsors, batteries, and control and communication modules for radio-controlled operations. In addition, a remote data acquisition system was assembled for measuring boat’s kinematic and powering characteristics. Results of initial tests with the small-scale transformable boat in an open water reservoir are reported and discussed in this paper.
Optimization of the Installation Sequence for the Temporary Fasteners in the Aircraft Industry
Authors: Pogarskaia Tatiana , Lupuleac Sergey , Shinder Julia , Westphal Philipp 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Riveting and bolting are common assembly methods in aircraft production. The fasteners are installed immediately after hole drilling and fix the relative tangential displacements of the parts, that took place. A proper fastener sequence installation is very important because a wrong one can lead to a “bubble-effect”, when gap between parts after fastening becomes larger in some areas rather than being reduced. This circumstance affects the quality of the final assembly. For that reason, the efficient methods for determination of fastening sequence taking into account the specifics of the assembly process are needed. The problem is complicated by several aspects. First of all, it is a combinatorial problem with uncertain input data. Secondly, the assembly quality evaluation demands the time-consuming computations of the stress-strain state of the fastened parts caused by sequential installation of fasteners. Most commonly used strategies (heuristic methods, approximation algorithms) require a large number of computational iterations what dramatically complicates the problem. The paper presents the efficient methods of fastener sequence optimization based on greedy strategy and the specifics of the assembly process. Verification of the results by comparison to commonly used installation strategies shows its quality excellence.
A Virtual Reality Laboratory Implementing Lean Manufacturing: Case Applied at Mechatronic Technical School
Authors: Leticia Neira-Tovar , Isaías Almaguer Rosales , Lucero Cavazos , Radoslav Palacka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowadays information technologies have been essential for the advancement of teaching and professional development. The world has experienced a pandemic crisis based on a virus called Sars-cov 2, this changed the way of living and the way of learning, now we face the challenge of learning to distance, the virtual laboratory allows us to acquire knowledge and develop skills based on a series of practices that the student carries out, this integrates Lean Manufacturing tools in order to give added value to the client, and by effect reducing waste to the company, which is one of the characteristics most important in lean philosophy.
The purpose of this work is to facilitate the scope of the topics giving students the use of a quality process into the virtual reality simulator that ensure the quality of knowledge transmission based on practices designed to learn mechatronics and lean manufacturing topics.
A virtual reality application is used to simulate a physical laboratory, which consists of: Research, Development and Testing steps, using Unity and 3DMax software. The virtual laboratory for a distance modality in the mechatronics career was carried out at technical high school, and developed by students of the mechanical and electrical engineering faculty, and currently designed for 2 practices, one of them is based on a DMAIC cycle [1].
Water Management for an Electrochemical Gas Separation and Inerting System
Authors: Aryal Utsav Raj , Prasad Ajay K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fuel tank inerting is necessary to promote aircraft safety. Typically, this is accomplished by supplying an inert gas like nitrogen into the ullage (air volume above the fuel) of the fuel tank. We have developed a novel on-board electrochemical gas separation and inerting system (EGSIS) to generate nitrogen enriched air (NEA) for fuel tank inerting. EGSIS is an externally powered device that functionally combines a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell cathode with a PEM electrolyzer anode. Water management is important in such a PEM-based system because proton transfer requires proper hydration of the membrane. Extremes of both dryout and flooding conditions should be avoided for optimal EGSIS performance. Previous single cell EGSIS experiments revealed that supplying liquid water at the anode will maintain adequate membrane hydration even if the cathode is operated under very dry conditions. However, it was difficult to avoid flooding at low cathode air stoichiometries when parallel flow field channels were employed. Here, we employ serpentine and interdigitated flow field channels, as well as a double-layer gas diffusion layer with graded hydrophobicity to mitigate flooding and improve water management.
Effects of Cutting Fluid Applications on Surface Integrity in Grinding of Weld Flash in Resistance Welded Alloy Steel
Authors: Rangasamy Nithin , Rakurty C. S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of the grinding process for weld flash removal on the surface integrity of the welded joint has not been researched. The surface integrity of the welded joint is essential for the bandsaw blade life and to prevent any premature failure at the weld joint due to fatigue loading (a band saw blade undergoes mainly cyclic bending fatigue during its service). In this study, the effects of using different cutting fluid combinations on the grinding of weld flash in medium carbon alloy steel were carried out. The use of compressed air as a sustainable solution for grinding weld flash was explored. Experimental investigation of four different cutting fluid applications (dry/no cutting fluid, compressed air, minimum quantity lubricant using vegetable oil, and minimum quantity coolant used water-soluble oil) was carried out. Aluminum oxide grinding wheel at constant cutting speed was used for the study. The surface roughness, sub-surface residual stresses, and microhardness of the ground region were measured for all experimental conditions. This is a first-of-the-kind study on the effect of the flash removal process on the surface integrity of the welded joint. The results show that the surface integrity of the welded joint is significantly influenced by the cutting fluid application used during the grinding process of the flash. This research indicates that it is essential to use cutting fluid during the grinding process of the weld flash. Dry grinding, the current industry standard for grinding weld flash in band saw blades, produced tensile residual stresses, had the highest subsurface thermal damage, and produced the highest surface roughness. In contrast, the sustainable solutions suggested in this research can increase the fatigue life of the ground joint and increase the tool life of the grinding wheels. This study provides the road map for selecting the cutting fluid application for grinding weld flash produced by the resistance welding process in the band sawing industry.