bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Sexist Attitudes on Sexual Harassment at the Royal Military College
Authors: Correya Rhea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) has frequented the news headline as more and more stories come to light about issues of sexual harassment and misconduct within the Canadian military. The CAF has attempted to change these attitudes through the implementation of training and Operation Honour. However, despite these efforts, sexist attitudes continue to exist within this military context (Scopio, et al 2020). These attitudes are apparent at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) where future officers of the CAF attend university (Statistics Canada, 2020). Incidents relating to sexual harassment and sexual assault occur and are an established problem for the College (Statistics Canada, 2020). Previous research demonstrated a relationship between feminist identity and rape myth acceptance (RMA), between feminist identity and sexual harassment, and between RMA and sexual harassment (Begany & Milburn, 2002; LeMaire et al., 2016; Scopio., et al 2020). This study aimed to examine whether rape myth acceptance mediates the relationship between feminist identity and sexual harassment attitudes at the Royal Military College. Using a sample of n = 144 officer cadets at RMC, it was determined that RMA demonstrates partial indirect effects on the relationship between feminist identity and sexual harassment.

References
Begany, J. J., & Milburn, M. A. (2002). Psychological Predictors of Sexual Harassment: Authoritarianism, Hostile Sexism, and Rape Myths. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 3(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.3.2.119
LeMaire, K. L., Oswald, D. L., & Russell, B. L. (2016). Labeling sexual victimization experiences: The role of sexism, rape myth acceptance, and tolerance for sexual harassment. Violence and Victims, 31(2), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00148
Maxwell, A. (2020, October 8). Experiences of unwanted sexualized and discriminatory behaviours and sexual assault among students at Canadian military colleges, 2019. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 15, 2022, from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2020001/article/00011-eng.htm
Scoppio, G., Otis, N., Yan, Y. (L., & Hogenkamp, S. (2020). Experiences of officer cadets in Canadian military colleges and CIVILIAN UNIVERSITIES: A gender perspective. Armed Forces & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x20905121
The Effect Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement On An Induced Stress Response In University Students
Authors: Sanchit Kaushal  , Martins-Ezeifeaku Aisling 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionStress in a university setting is known to poorly affect academic performance, increase blood pressure levels, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of positive and negative reinforcement on students and its ability to induce a stress or physiological response is unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on an induced stress response, and how this affects their typing abilities.Methods15 participants (6 male, 9 female) underwent a series of 2 typing tests, with verbal feedback elicited prior to commencing the second test. Participants ages 18 to 22 were recruited from Joseph S. Stauffer Library at Queen’s University and randomly allocated between 3 groups: positive, negative and a control. Blood pressure was measured 5 times across the duration of the 15-minute study for each participant. A one-way ANOVA test was used to identify if there were statistically significant differences between the groups. All analyses were completed using SPSS Version 27.ResultsNegative reinforcement (-11 mmHg) versus control (-5.4 mmHg) elicited a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rate-pressure product (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). No significant differences were found between groups in typing test scores, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Qualitative analysis determined that negative feedback decreased confidence while increasing performance; positive reinforcement increased both confidence and performance.ConclusionThe study concluded that positive reinforcement should be implemented in university-level courses as it was found to increase typing performance while decreasing SBP.
Keywords: reinforcement, stress, blood pressure, typing, students
Geography, gender, and collaboration trends among global health authors
Authors: Yao Jacqueline , Nguyen Anne Xuan-Lan , Xiang Lucille , Li Anna , Wu Albert Y. 
Published: May 2022

Background Imbalances in global health authorship have previously been documented, but the extent of the problem has yet to be examined longitudinally across many journals. This paper investigates the gender (2002-2020) and geographic distribution (2014-2020) of authors publishing in peer-reviewed global health journals. We also examined the amount of global health research collaboration among different income groups and continents. Methods This cohort study analyzes articles published in 46 peer-reviewed global health journals. Gender-API assigned genders to 190,809 individuals who authored a combined 33,854 articles. The country affiliations of authors were categorized by continent and World Bank income groups. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess collaboration between first and last authors belonging to different World Bank income groups and continents. Findings Women made up 39.3% of global health authors, and there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of women authors between 2002 and 2020. The proportion of all global health authors who are women was highest in high income countries (45.9%) and lowest in low income countries (28.2%). Authors from middle income countries comprised of an increasing proportion of global health authors between 2014 and 2020. For articles with multiple authors, 16.0% and 24.1% have first and last authors from different income groups and continents, respectively. Conclusions While women and LMIC researchers are increasingly represented in global health publications, authorship gaps continue to persist. More research on structural determinants is necessary to elucidate how we improve authorship equity and support underrepresented global health expertise.
Kesulitan Orang Tua dalam Penerapan BDR di Kelurahan Karot Kabupaten Manggarai Tahun 2021
Authors: Sum Theresia Alviani , Angkur Maria Fatima Mardina , Atradew Yuliana 
Published: May 2022

Dua lembaga PAUD yang terletak di Kelurahan Karot Kabupaten Manggarai yaitu TK Santu Fransiskus Asisi Karot dan PAUD Hamba Maria melaksanakan kegiatan belajar dari rumah karena pandemic covid 19. Situasi ini memaksa para orang tua beralih fungsi menjadi guru di rumah dengan segala keterbatasan pengetahuan dan dan kompetensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mendalami proses belajar dari rumah yang dilaksanakan oleh kedua lembaga serta peran orang tua dalam membantu anak belajar dari rumah. Beberapa hal yang digali adalah bagaimana orang tua membimbing dan membelajarkan anak, menciptakan lingkungan belajar serta media yang disiapkan orang tua untuk mendukung pembelajaran anak di rumah serta kendala yang dihadapi orang tua. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kulitatif dengan menggunakan instrument angket, wawancara dan observasi dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan banyak orang tua yang bingung, tidak tahu apa-apa, belum siap dan merasa terbebani karena begitu banyak kegiatan yang harus diurus termasuk membantu anak belajar terutama dirasakan para orang tua dengan pekerjaan tetap baik di kantor atau tugas lain sebagai ASN. Hal ini kemudian berdampak pada kualitas pembelajaran yang diterima anak-anak
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining Terhadap Daya Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Riadi Fadhilah Salsabila , Yahya Rachmi Nursifa , Dewi Syva Lestiani , Prihantini Prihantini 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap daya berpikir kritis siswa dalam pelajaran Matematika. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi karena siswa masih kurang peduli terhadap pembelajaran Matematika. Penelitian ini menggabungkan dua pendekatan yang pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan pendekatan kualitatif didapatkan Dengan metode wawancara sedangkan data dari pendekatan kuantitatif didasarkan pada transkrip nilai Matematika salah satu sekolah dasar yakni SDN Cibiru 9. Dalam pengolahan datanya kami menggunakan teknik deskriptif untuk menggeneralisasikan hasil penelitian ini. Hasilnya adalah adanya hubungan positif antara model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap gaya berpikir siswa dalam pelajaran matematika
Gesamtkoordination Rutschung Brienz
Authors: Wilhelm Christian , Nagy Christian , Maissen Urban 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Der Kanton Graubünden wurde in den vergangenen Jahren im Naturgefahrenbereich stark gefordert. Er nutzt die Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse nun bei der Bewältigung der Rutschung in Brienz/ Brinzauls. Dort stellen sich angesichts der unsicheren Entwicklung und der nicht absehbaren Dauer der Ereignisse neue Herausforderungen. Die Rutschung beschleunigt sich seit Ende 2017 massiv. Zahlreiche Projekte und Abklärungen werden deshalb eng aufeinander abgestimmt. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden insbesondere die Koordination und Zusammenarbeit von Bund, Kanton und Gemeinde erläutert. Aufgrund der unsicheren Entwicklung muss in Szenarien vorausgedacht werden, und private Infrastrukturträger müssen gewichtige Eventualplanungen ins Auge fassen. Die Koordination im Bereich Infrastrukturprojekte ist exemplarisch für den Risikodialog im Kontext der öffentlichen Risikovorsorge und des privaten Risikomanagements. Die Verhältnismässigkeit der bereits getätigten und noch ausstehenden grossen Investitionen wird mit Risikoanalysen aufgezeigt. Dazu wird im Artikel die Methodik der Risikoanalyse anhand der Rutschung Dorf vertieft.
Geologisch-hydrogeologische Detailuntersuchungen
Authors: Breitenmoser Thomas , Thöny Reto , Figi Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Das Dorf Brienz/Brinzauls im Kanton Graubünden rutscht momentan etwa 1.5 m pro Jahr talwärts Richtung Albula. Zudem besteht eine Gefährdung durch Stein- und Blockschlag sowie Berg- und Felssturzereignisse. Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung ist für Dorbewohner und -bewohnerinnen und Versorgungs- und Infrastrukturbetreiber nicht mehr tragbar und verlangt nach Massnahmen, die eine möglichst rasche und langanhaltende Verbesserung der Situation bringen. Die 2018 im Gebiet des Dorfes gestarteten und 2020 auf die instabilen Felsmassen oberhalb des Dorfes ausgeweiteten geologischen Detailuntersuchungen haben zum Ziel, ein fundiertes Verständnis der Rutschung und der damit zusammenhängenden Prozesse zu erhalten. Darauf basierend sollen mögliche Massnahmen für eine Sanierung der Rutschung geprüft werden. Der im Herbst 2021 begonnene Sondierstollen westlich des Dorfes dient einerseits dazu, weitere grundlegende Erkenntnisse zu den geologischen und insbesondere hydrogeologischen Verhältnissen innerhalb und unterhalb der Rutschmasse zu gewinnen. Andererseits will man damit die Wirksamkeit von Tiefenentwässerungsmassnahmen im Rahmen eines grossmassstäblichen Feldversuches prüfen und beurteilen.
Risikomanagement am «Spitze Stei»
Authors: Hählen Nils , Brönnimann Cornelia , Häberle Jörg , Kienholz Christian , Riner Rachel , Graf Kaspar , Tobler Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Am «Spitze Stei» oberhalb von Kandersteg im Berner Oberland drohen grössere Felsabbrüche mit Volumen von 100 000 bis einigen Millionen Kubikmetern. Die instabile Bergflanke besteht aus mehreren Rutschkörpern. Eine Ursache der aktuellen Krise dürfte die Permafrostdegradation sein, welche die Wasserdurchlässigkeit im Fels erhöht, wodurch der Wassereintrag in die instabile Bergflanke steigt. Die Sicherheit der Bevölkerung wird durch eine Kombination von organisatorischen, baulichen und raumplanerischen Massnahmen erreicht. Eine grosse Herausforderung für die verantwortlichen Stellen des Kantons und der Gemeinde sind die ständige Bereitschaft und die Vorbereitung auf ein Ereignis, das unter Umständen noch Jahre auf sich warten lässt.
Borassus aethiopum (Mart.) ethanol fruit extract reverses alloxan-treatment alterations in experimental animals
Authors: Adams Moses Dele , Eze Ejike Daniel 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Borassus aethiopum fruit is claimed to be used for the management of diabetes without scientific validation. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of ethanol fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: 36 rats were placed in six groups (i-vi) ( n = 6). Animals in group i (standard) were given 0.4 mls of distilled water (d.w) whereas the ones assigned to group ii, iii, iv, v and vi which were induced into diabetes (by intake of 140 mg/kg body weight [b.w] of alloxan) were also respectively given d.w, 50 mg/kg b.w of metformin, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of ethanol fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum, once daily for 14 days. RESULTS: Flavonoid found in the extract (24.04 mg/ml) occurred the most with phenolic (0.35 mg/ml) being the least. While alloxan substantially (p <  0.05) increased the levels of some biological molecules and enzyme activity, it lowered those of others. The extract however significantly (p <  0.05) reversed all the alloxan-induced alterations, with the extract at 100 mg/kg b.w producing figures that compared (p >  0.05) well with those of the d.w treated non-diabetic animals and metformin-treated diabetic animals. The extract also renewed the wholeness of histological damage in the pancreas. CONCLUSION: The bioactive agents of B. aethiopum presented antihyperglycaemic property by preventing diabetes via reversal of alloxan-treatment alterations in the animals.
Demonstration of quasi-real-time intrafractional motion in esophageal cancer radiotherapy provided by ExacTrac X-ray snap verification
Authors: Duan Jinghao , Guo Ran , Wei Wenqiang , Zhu Jian , Qiu Qingtao , Zhang Ruohui , Meng Xiangjuan 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the following hypotheses: (1) ExacTrac X-ray Snap Verification (ET-SV) is an alternative to CBCT for positioning patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), (2) ET-SV can detect displacement in EC patients during radiotherapy (RT) and (3) EC patients can be feasibly monitored in quasi-real-time with ET-SV during RT. METHODS: Anthropomorphic phantoms and 13 patients were included in this study. CBCT and ET-SV were both implemented before treatment delivery to detect displacement, and their correction results were compared. For the patient tests, positional correction in 3 translational directions and the yaw direction were applied using the ET-SV correction results. The residual error was detected immediately using ET-SV. Finally, to acquire the intrafractional motion, ET-SV was implemented when the gantry was at 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, respectively. RESULTS: In phantom tests, the maximum value of the difference in displacement between the CBCT and ET systems was 1.16 mm for translation and 0.31° for yaw. According to Bland–Altman analysis of the patient test results, 5% (5/98), 5% (5/98), 5% (5/98), and 4% (4/98) of points were beyond the upper and lower limits of agreement in the AP, SI, LR and yaw directions, respectively. The mean residual error was –0.482 mm, 1.215 mm, 1.0 mm, –0.487°, 0.105°, and 0.003° in the AP, SI, LR, pitch, roll and yaw directions, respectively. The intrafractional displacement ranged from –0.21 mm to 0 mm for translation and from –0.63° to 0.21° for rotation. The mean total translational error for intrafractional motion increased from 0.47 mm to 1.14 mm during the treatment. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of ET-SV for EC RT positional correction is comparable to that of CBCT. Thus, Quasi-real-time intrafractional monitoring can be used to detect EC patient displacement during radiotherapy.
Reclaimed Water Use in the Landscape: What's in Reclaimed Water and Where Does It Go?
Authors: Toor Gurpal S. , Lusk Mary 
Published: May 2022

Reclaimed water is former wastewater from households, schools, offices, hospitals, and commercial and industrial facilities that has been disinfected and treated to remove certain impurities such as nutrients and pathogens. After flowing out of wastewater treatment plants, reclaimed water is piped back to communities for reuse in numerous domestic, industrial, and agricultural applications. Though reclaimed water cannot be used for drinking water in Florida, it is considered highly safe and reliable for non-potable water needs. This fact sheet is one of a series titled Reclaimed Water Use in the Landscape written by Gurpal S. Toor and Mary Lusk and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, January 2011.
SL337/SS542: Reclaimed water use in the landscape: What's in reclaimed water and where does it go? (ufl.edu)
Call to Action for Enhanced Equity: Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Sex Differences in Stroke Symptoms
Authors: Hosman Floortje L. , Engels Sabine , den Ruijter Hester M. , Exalto Lieza G. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFundamental aspects of human identity may play a role in the presentation of stroke symptoms and, consequently, stroke recognition. Strokes must be recognized and treated expeditiously, as delays result in poorer outcomes. It is known that sex plays a role in the presentation of symptoms, such that non-traditional symptoms are more commonly observed among women. However, factors such as geographical location and race/ethnicity, and the interactions between these various factors, need to be considered. This will provide an intersectional approach.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to investigate differences in the presentation of stroke symptoms between sexes. Using PubMed and Embase, a search involving the components sex, symptoms and stroke was completed and yielded 26 full-text manuscripts.ResultsOur findings indicate that there is substantial overlap in stroke symptom presentation in men and women. Nonetheless, some differences in the clinical manifestations of stroke were observed. In addition, it was discovered that only three studies were conducted outside of North America and Europe. Furthermore, only two studies reported symptoms based on both sex and racial/ethnic group.ConclusionThese findings indicate a research gap and call for increased research in order to uncover the possible interactions between sex and race/ethnicity in an intersectional approach. Resultantly, stroke recognition could be improved and greater equity in healthcare can be achieved.
The Association Between Serum Palmitic Acid and Thyroid Function
Authors: Zhou Guowei , Xu Yumeng , Zhai Yuqing , Gong Zhen , Xu Kun , Wang Gaoyuan , Sun Chenhua , Ma Chaoqun 
Published: May 2022

AimEmerging evidence indicates that palmitic acid (PA) can regulate the progression and development of many diseases. However, the studies examining the association between PA and thyroid function remain sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between serum PA (sPA) and thyroid function in the US population.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed using the data pooled from the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2012. The thyroid parameters investigated were mainly free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total T3 (TT3), TT4, thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb). The central sensitivity to thyroid function was evaluated by the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyrotrophin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), and thyrotropin index (TSHI). The FT3 to FT4 ratio (FT3/FT4) was employed to evaluate peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Multiple imputation was applied to handle the missing data, and weighted multivariable linear regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were then employed to estimate the association between sPA and thyroid parameters.ResultsIn the 737 adults, after adjusting covariates, we demonstrated a significant negative association between sPA and FT4 [β = -1.078, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.729 to -0.427], as well as a positive relationship between sPA and FT3/FT4 ratio (β = 0.073, 95% CI: 0.044 to 0.102). These results did not change on multiple imputations. In the subgroup analyses, the associations were more significant in male and obese subjects.ConclusionThis investigation demonstrated the significant correlation between sPA and thyroid dysfunction, which suggested the close relationship between lipotoxicity and hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Future research is required to confirm these findings.
Higher Serum Soluble TREM2 as a Potential Indicative Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment in Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Without Obesity: The DOR-KyotoJ-1
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Yamakage Hajime , Muranaka Kazuya , Yamada Tsutomu , Araki Rika , Ogo Atsushi , Matoba Yuka , Watanabe Tetsuhiro , Saito Miho , Kurita Seiichiro , Yonezawa Kazuya , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Masahiro , Sawamura Morio , Matsumoto Morio , Nishimura Motonobu , Kusakabe Toru , Wada Hiromichi , Hasegawa Koji , Kotani Kazuhiko , Noda Mitsuhiko , Satoh-Asahara Noriko 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia. We investigated whether serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (sTREM2), a soluble form of the cell surface receptor TREM2, were predictive of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes without obesity.MethodsA total of 166 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity were followed-up for 2 years. We measured clinical parameters, assessed cognitive function using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), quantified and divided serum sTREM2 levels into quartiles, and examined the longitudinal associations.ResultsDuring the follow-up, HbA1c levels were elevated in 98 patients and decreased in 68 patients. In the HbA1c-elevated group, higher sTREM2 levels at baseline showed a significant association with a greater tendency for reduction in MMSE scores (P for trend = 0.015), whereas they were not significantly associated with other examined parameters. In the HbA1c-decreased group, there was no significant association between sTREM2 levels at baseline and changes in MMSE scores, but higher sTREM2 levels at baseline were significantly associated with a greater tendency for reduction in waist circumference (P for trend = 0.027), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P for trend = 0.039), and sTREM2 levels (P for trend = 0.023).ConclusionsGlycemic control is suggested to be important in preventing cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity. Higher serum sTREM2 levels would be a predictive marker for cognitive impairment in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes without obesity.