bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cardiac adverse events with nivolumab using a Japanese real-world database
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Shimizu Tadashi , Anzai Miku , Kawai Rika , Uchida Mayako 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the risk of nivolumab-induced cardiac adverse events (AEs), time to onset, incidence rates, and post hoc outcomes using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We analyzed data for the period between April 2004 and March 2021. Data on cardiac AEs were extracted and relative risk of AEs was estimated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR). We analyzed 1,772,494 reports and identified 18,721 reports of AEs caused by nivolumab. Of these, 409 reports involved cardiac AEs. Signals were detected for four cardiac AEs: myocarditis; pericardial effusion; pericarditis; and immune-mediated myocarditis. Among these, myocarditis was the most frequently reported (35.0%) and included fatal cases. A histogram of times to onset showed nivolumab-associated AEs occurring 41–127 days after starting administration, with outlier cases of myocarditis or pericardial effusion occurring after more than one year, both with catastrophic consequences. This study focused on cardiac AEs caused by nivolumab as post-marketing AEs. Myocarditis and pericardial effusion could potentially result in serious outcomes after administration of nivolumab. Patients should be monitored for signs of onset for these AEs, not only at the start of administration, but also over an extended period after nivolumab administration.
Occurrence features of Intermediate descending layer and Sporadic E observed over the higher mid-latitude ionospheric station of Moscow
Authors: Oikonomou Christina , Leontiou Theodoros , Haralambous Haris , Gulyaeva Tamara L. , Panchenko Valery A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Nine years of ionograms from a higher mid-latitude ionospheric station (Moscow) are analyzed, by applying the ‘height–time–intensity’ (HTI) technique along with Spectrum (Lomb periodogram) analysis with the aim to investigate the daily and seasonal variability of sporadic E (Es) and intermediate descending layers (IDLs). Es and IDL traces are observed over Moscow which are characterized by a 12-hour periodicity prevailing throughout the year. Shorter periodicities in IDL and Es occurrence are also observed. A 6-hour periodicity in Es and IDL dominates during winter, while an 8-hour periodicity is found mainly in winter for IDL and in summer for Es. These periodicities are most probably induced by the semi-, quarter- and terdiurnal thermospheric tides respectively. Our results also establish the systematic and widespread manifestation of shorter-scale (4.8- and 4-hour) periodicities observed mainly for IDL and less frequently for Es only during winter, in the nine years considered, which is most probably linked to higher-order solar tides.
Elasomeran (mRNA1273) Vaccine: The Journey from Preclinical Research to Clinical Trials, Authorization, and FDA Approval
Authors: Khehra Nimrat , Padda Inderbir , Mahtani Arun , Rehman Obaid , Jaferi Urooj , Kipker Nathaniel , Parmar Mayur S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide resulted in critical illness and mortality. Supportive measures have been the center stage for therapy. One crucial question since the onset of the deadly SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was the development of a vaccine. Developed by Moderna, the mRNA1273 vaccine, Elasomeran contains a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that encapsulates a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA), which encodes the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This vaccine is administered as a dual dose regimen 28 days apart (1 month). Seven days following Pfizer's BNT162b2 vaccine, mRNA1273 received FDA-Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on December 18, 2020, making it the second candidate. During the randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 clinical trials, the mRNA1273 vaccine demonstrated 94.1% efficacy. Clinical trials in children aged 5–12 and adolescents also received FDA-EUA. The Moderna vaccine is also the second vaccine following Pfizer's BNT162b2 vaccine to receive full FDA approval on January 31, 2020, for use in individuals aged 18 and above for COVID-19 prevention. Real-world outcomes have been profoundly positive, reflecting its effectiveness in reducing hospitalization rates, infections, and mortality. This review article encompasses Moderna's vaccine journey, summarizing the mRNA1273 vaccine's preclinical studies, phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 clinical trials, dosages, immune response, adverse effects, FDA-EUA, FDA approval, and real-world outcomes discussing the overall effectiveness of the vaccine in healthy individuals, individuals with pre-existing underlying medical conditions, single-dose effects, delayed second dose, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and mix and match vaccines.
FN1, Collagen, MMP-2, and Lumican Associated with ECM Organization with Multiple Signaling Pathways Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis by Network Biology Approaches
Authors: Bhuiyan Piplu , Khan Md. Arif , Sun Zhaochu , Qian Yanning 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic and devastating mental illness that affects around 20 million individuals worldwide. Cognitive deficits and structural and functional changes of the brain, abnormalities of brain ECM components, chronic neuroinflammation, and devastating clinical manifestation during SZ are likely etiological factors shown by affected individuals. However, the pathophysiological events associated with multiple regulatory pathways involved in the brain of this complex disorder are still unclear. This study aimed to develop a pipeline based on bioinformatics and machine learning approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets involving possible biological mechanisms from SZ patients and healthy volunteers. 420 overlapping DEGs from three RNA-seq datasets were identified. GO, and pathways analysis showed several biological mechanisms enriched by the commonly shared DEGs, including ECM organization, collagen fibril organization, integrin signaling pathway, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines signaling pathway, and GABA-B receptor II and IL4 mediated signaling. 15 hub genes (FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL2A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, MMP2, THBS1, DCN, LUM, HLA-A, HLA-C, and FBN1) were discovered by comprehensive analysis, which was mainly involved in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the miRNA target of the hub genes was analyzed with the random-forest-based approach software miRTarBase. In addition, the transcriptional factors and protein kinases regulating overlapping DEGs in SZ, namely, SUZ12, EZH2, TRIM28, TP53, EGR1, CSNK2A1, GSK3B, CDK1, and MAPK14, were also identified. The results point to a new understanding that the hub genes (fibronectin 1, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and lumican) in the ECM organization and inflammatory signaling pathways may be involved in the SZ occurrence and pathogenesis.
Improving pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake using an mHealth tool (MoVeUP): a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: McCulloh Russell James , Darden Paul , Snowden Jessica , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Lee Jeannette , Clarke Martina , Newcomer Sophia R , Fu Linda , Hubberd DeAnn , Baldner Jaime , Garza Maryam , Kerns Ellen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrate excellent effectiveness against infection, severe disease, and death. However, pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates lag among individuals from rural and other medically underserved communities. The research objective of the current protocol is to determine the effectiveness of a vaccine communication mobile health (mHealth) application (app) on parental decisions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.
Methods: Custodial parents/caregivers with ≥1 child eligible for COVID-19 vaccination who have not yet received the vaccine will be randomized to download one of two mHealth apps. The intervention app will address logistical and motivational barriers to pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. Participants will receive eight weekly push notifications followed by two monthly push notifications (cues to action) regarding vaccinating their child. Through branching logic, users will access customized content based on their locality, degree of rurality-urbanicity, primary language (English/Spanish), race/ethnicity, and child’s age to address COVID-19 vaccine knowledge and confidence gaps. The control app will provide push notifications and information on general pediatric health and infection prevention and mitigation strategies based on recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The primary outcome is the proportion of children who complete COVID-19 vaccination series. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of children who receive ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine and changes in parent/caregiver scores from baseline to immediately post-intervention on the modified WHO SAGE Vaccine Hesitancy Scale adapted for the COVID-19 vaccine.
Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic inflicts disproportionate harm on individuals from underserved communities, including those in rural settings. Maximizing vaccine uptake in these communities will decrease infection rates, severe illness, and death. Given that most US families from these communities use smart phones, mHealth interventions hold the promise of broad uptake. Bundling multiple mHealth vaccine-uptake interventions into a single app may maximize the impact of deploying such a tool to increase COVID-19 vaccination. The new knowledge to be gained from this study will directly inform future efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates across diverse settings and provide an evidentiary base for app-based vaccine communication tools that can be adapted to future vaccine-deployment efforts.
Clinical Trials Registration:
Name of the registry: clinicaltrials.gov
Trial registration number: NCT05386355
Date of registration: May 23, 2022
URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05386355
WITHDRAWN: Tunable and High Transmission Efficiency Metal-Insulator-Metal Power Splitter and Dual Wavelength Division Multiplexer
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad Reza , Bayati Mohammad Sajjad , Sahandabadi Sahereh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a plasmonic power splitter and a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) surface are investigated. By using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, the transmission spectra of the suggested devices are extracted. The simulation results demonstrate that the equal transmitted wavelengths of the two output ports can be easily tuned by changing the geometric parameters of the structure. Then, the structure geometries are modified into a WDM. Subsequently, the dependence of demultiplexing wavelengths on geometrical parameters of the structure is investigated. Besides being highly compact and efficient, having narrow-band spectra and low reflectance coefficient are the other main advantages of these devices. Therefore, the power splitter and wavelength division multiplexer presented can be of great interest in a wide range of applications from highly integrated photonic circuits to optical communication systems.
Prenatal Maternal Stress and Pediatric Asthma Across Development: Adolescent Female-Specific Vulnerability
Authors: Pike Madeline R. , Engel Melissa L. , Lipner Emily , Hammen Constance , Brennan Patricia A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is linked to physical sequelae in offspring, including childhood asthma. This study sought to examine the roles of objective and subjective PNMS in the development of asthma at offspring ages 5 and 15. The sample included 815 mother-child dyads from the Mater Misericordiae Mothers’ Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. PNMS was measured via retrospective self-report during pregnancy and 3–5 days after birth. Postnatal maternal stress was measured at offspring age 5. Objective PNMS was associated with elevated asthma risk at age 5 (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.45, p = 0.05), albeit not above concurrent postnatal stress. Sex moderated the association between PNMS and asthma at age 15, controlling for postnatal stress. Sex stratified analyses revealed a positive association between objective PNMS and age 15 asthma in females, but not males. Results provide evidence that PNMS may impact asthma outcomes in adolescence.
Evidence of Unconventional Superconductivity on the Surface of the
Nodal Semimetal CaAg1−xPdxP
Authors: YANO Rikizo , Nagasaka Shota , Matsubara Naoki , Saigusa Kazushige , Tanda Tsuyoshi , Ito Seiichiro , Yamakage Ai , Okamoto Yoshihiko , Takenaka Koshi , Kashiwaya Satoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Surface states of topological materials provide extreme electronic states for unconventional superconducting states. CaAg1−xPdxP is an ideal candidate for a nodal-line Dirac semimetal with drumhead surface states and no additional bulk bands. Here, we report that CaAg1−xPdxP has surface states that exhibit unconventional superconductivity (SC) around 1.5 K. Extremely sharp magnetoresistance, tuned by surface-sensitive gating, determines the surface origin of the ultrahigh-mobility “electrons.” The Pd-doping elevates the Fermi level towards the surface states, and as a result, the critical temperature (Tc) is increased up to 1.7 K from 1.2 K for undoped CaAgP. Furthermore, a soft point-contact study at the surface of Pd-doped CaAgP proved the emergence of unconventional SC on the surface. We observed the bell-shaped conductance spectra, a hallmark of the unconventional SC. Ultrahigh mobility carriers derived from the surface flat bands generate a new class of unconventional SC.
Prognostic value of pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Shao Yifeng , Zhang Wenyu , Cao Wei , Yang Bo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and objective:
In modern clinical medicine, the most prevalent category of cancer is lung cancer, and the brain is a routine organ of metastasis for lung cancer. Recently, researchers have evaluated hematologic indicators such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and confirmed that they are valid indices for predicting outcome of lung cancer patients. However, the prognostic significance for lung cancer patients who have progressed to brain metastasis has not been clarified. In our study, a meta-analysis which focus on the association of pre-treatment NLR, PLR and overall survival (OS) in lung cancer patients with brain metastasis was performed and reported.
Methods
PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases were the scope of our search, and the search methodology was derived from PRISMA. Meta-analyses of OS were performed using random effects models due to significant heterogeneity. This study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022329590).
Results
We finally included 11 articles to evaluate NLR and PLR in 1977 eligible patients. The NLR group consisted of 11 studies whose meta-analysis showed that OS was significantly shorter in high-NLR patients than low-NLR patients (pooled HR = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.47–2.31)). Five studies were included in the PLR group, and the result suggested that OS was significantly shorter in high-PLR patients than low-PLR patients (pooled HR = 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07–2.20)).
Conclusions
Meta-analysis showed that association of pre-treatment NLR, PLR and OS are statistically significant. Pre-treatment lower NLR and PLR predict better OS.
Investigation on Nonlinear Optical Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric Double V-Shaped Potential Wells with Structural Parameters and External Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Durmuslar Aysevil Salman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Linear, nonlinear and total optical absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes for both symmetric and asymmetric double V-shaped quantum well configurations formed within AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructure are theoretically investigated. Responses of these coefficients to well widths, barrier widths and concentration of aluminum within the barrier as well as applied external electromagnetic fields are the subject of this study. The electronic spectra of the structures are obtained as a solution of Schrödinger equation with relevant potential and external agents in the framework of effective mass and envelope wave function approximations. The optical properties are calculated via the analytical expressions obtained by iterative solutions within compact density matrix approach. Although increasing barrier width and aluminum concentration act similar significant red shifting on the referred coefficients for both symmetric and asymmetric double V-shaped wells, the varying well widths acts differently for each configuration. Widening both wells in symmetric case moves the resonance peaks to lower energies, while the rise on only one well carries the resonance peaks to higher energies for asymmetric case. Enhancing both the electric and magnetic fields shift the resonance peaks to the blue for symmetric and also asymmetric wells. High dependency of the optical properties to the structural parameters and external electromagnetic fields as well as asymmetry of the wells is presented here in detail.
Preoperative computed tomography volumetry and graft weight estimation of left lateral segment in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Tamulevicius Martynas , Koitka Sven , Theysohn Jens M , Oezcelik Arzu , Hoyer Dieter P , Farzaliyev Farhad , Haubold Johannes , Flaschel Nils , Nensa Felix , Treckmann Juergen , Malamutmann Eugen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Liver volumetry based on a CT-Scan is widely used for estimating liver volume before any liver resection, especially for pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The "One-to-one" conversion rule for liver volume to weight has been widely adopted worldwide for many years. However, most recent analyses discuss this approach.
Methods: The study retrospectively included consecutive donors undergoing left lateral hepatectomy for pediatric LDLT between December 2008 and September 2020. All donors were healthy adults who met the evaluation criteria for pediatric LDLT and underwent a preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scan. Manual segmentation of the left lateral liver lobe for volume (GV) estimation and intraoperative measurement of an actual graft weight (AGW) was performed. A relationship between estimated GV and AGW was analyzed.
Results: 94 living liver donors were included in the study. The mean AGW was approximately 283.4 ± 68.5 grams, and the mean GV was 244.9 ± 63.86 ml. There was a strong correlation between the GV and AGW (r = 0.804, p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed an interreader agreement of 38.0 ± 97.25 and an intraclass correlation coefficient showed an almost excellent agreement (0.840, p < 0.001). The conversion formula for calculating graft weight (GW) based on computed tomography volumetry was determined based on regression analysis: 0.88 x GV + 41.63.
Conclusion: Estimating left liver GW using "one-to-one" rule is subject to measurable variability in calculated graft weights and tends to underestimate it. Instead, a conversion formula should be used to determine donor GW more accurately.
Endotoxin Content in Neonatal Formulas, Fortification, and Lactoferrin Products: Effect on outcomes and need for measurement in enteral products and guidance on acceptable limits.
Authors: Kaufman David A. , Perks Patti H. , Greenberg Rachel G. , Jensen David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide) can be harmful and contribute to morbidity and mortality with Gram-negative sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, non-toxic amounts are produced as part of the neonatal microbiome and may be present in enteral nutrition and medications administered. The United States Food and Drug Administration has given guidance for endotoxin concentration limits for intravenous medications and fluids of 5 endotoxin units/kg/hour(120 endotoxin units/kg/day), but no guidance for amounts of endotoxin in enteral products. To determine baseline exposure to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, we examined endotoxin content of enteral formulas and fortification used for preterm infants, as well as bovine lactoferrin products. We also examined endotoxin exposure and outcomes in very low birth weight infants. Endotoxin content was measured using kinetic chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate analysis. Daily endotoxin exposure from enteral formulas ranged between < 75 to 7110 endotoxin units/kg and from lactoferrin products from 7 to 3720 endotoxin units/kg. In examining neonatal outcomes from a bovine lactoferrin product studied at three different escalating doses, we measured endotoxin in the lactoferrin product and daily exposure was 1089(n = 10), 2178(N = 10) and 3287(N = 11) endotoxin units/kg. There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis or mortality in these patients. Enteral endotoxin daily exposures from lactoferrin products are similar to amounts in preterm enteral nutrition and appear safe and not associated with patient harm. Testing enteral products and establishing safety limits would improve care of high risk patients.
Evaluation of Apple (Malus domestica) Cider Vinegar and Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract as Phytogenic substitutes for growth promoting dietary antibiotics in Sexed Broiler Chickens
Authors: Chabalala oscar , Bhebhe Evison , Fushai Felix 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the poultry industry, growing concern about health risks is tightening regulations on the use of dietary antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), raising interest in safer substitutes. The study investigated the phytogenic effects of drinking-water supplemented apple cider vinegar (ACV) and garlic extract (GAE) on broilers. The study used 390 Ross 308 broiler chicks reared in a deep litter, open house, within 2.3 m2 pen partitions. Treatments were randomly allocated in 2 (sex) x 5 (additives) factorial experiment replicated three times. Chicks started (days 1–22) on the same antibiotic starter diet, followed by grower and finisher (29–42 days) phase antibiotic-free diets plus untreated drinking water (Negative control (NC), antibiotic free diet plus ACV treated drinking water (T1), antibiotic free diet plus GAE treated drinking water (T2), antibiotic free diet plus ACV + GAE treated drinking water (T3) or antibiotic diet plus untreated drinking water (positive control (PC). Males had higher (P < 0.05) feed intake than females in both growth phases. Birds on the PC gained more (P < 0.05) weight than others. Birds on the PC consumed more feed (P < 0.05) during the finisher phase than T1, T2 and the NC. Birds on the PC had a lower (P < 0.05) grower-phase FCR than others, though with lower (P < 0.05) FCR during the finisher phase for birds on T1 and T3. Across sex, birds on the PC had the higher (P < 0.05) percent spleen weight than birds on T1. Across the sexes, birds on the PC had smaller proventriculus (P < 0.05) than on NC, T1, T2 and T3. Across the sexes, birds on the PC had lower (P < 0.05) gizzard weight than birds on the T2 and T3. Birds on the NC exhibited a lower dressing percentage (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. Meat pH was higher (P < 0.05) in males. In conclusion, in contrast to dietary antibiotics, except for increased dressing percentage, ACV and GAE did not improve broiler performance.