bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a comprehensive medication review intervention on health‐related quality of life and other clinical outcomes in geriatric outpatients with polypharmacy: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kornholt Jonatan , Feizi Shafika Tapia , Hansen Alexandra Storm , Laursen Jannie Thaysen , Reuther Lene Ørskov , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Pressel Eckart , Christensen Mikkel Bring 
Published: February 2022

AimTo investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication review intervention on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and clinical outcomes in geriatric outpatients exposed to polypharmacy.MethodsPragmatic, nonblinded, randomized clinical trial with follow‐up after 4 and 13 months. Participants were geriatric outpatients taking ≥9 medicines. The intervention was an additional consultation with a physician focusing on reviewing medication, informing patients about their medicines and increasing cross‐sectoral communication as supplement to and compared with usual care. The primary outcome was change in HRQoL after 4 months measured with the EuroQoL 5‐dimension 5‐level (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were HRQoL after 13 months, mortality, admissions, falls and number of medicines after 4 and 13 months.ResultsOf 785 eligible patients, 408 were included (age: mean 80.6 [standard deviation 7.22] years; number of medicines: median 12 [interquartile range 10–14]; females 71%). After 4 months, the adjusted between‐group difference in EQ‐5D‐5L index score was 0.066 in favour of the medication consultation (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.12, P = .02). After 4 months, two (1%) participants had died in the medication‐consultation group and nine (4%) in the usual‐care group (log‐rank test, P = .045). The medication consultation reduced the number of medicines by 2.0 (15.8%) after 4 months and 1.3 (10.7%) after 13 months. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality or HRQoL after 13 months, and no differences in falls or admissions.ConclusionsAn additional consultation with medication review and increased communication as supplement to usual geriatric outpatient care improved HRQoL and reduced mortality after 4 months.
Everyday dehumanization: Negative contact, humiliation, and the lived experience of being treated as ‘less than human’
Authors: Murray Amy Jo , Durrheim Kevin , Dixon John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping work on the nature and consequences of negative intergroup contact, this study explores its potential role in sustaining everyday experiences of dehumanization; that is, experiences in which participants report feeling deprived of full human status. As a case study, we explore domestic service relations in a neighbourhood of Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, analysing interviews (n = 22) conducted with Black domestic workers and their families (n = 64 participants in total) about their day‐to‐day interactions with Indian employers. Drawing on thematic analysis of accounts of paid domestic labour and food‐sharing practices, we argue that negative contact experiences may cumulatively engender a sense of dehumanization and associated feelings of humiliation: a response marked by intertwined constructions of shame and injustice. Implications for understanding wider problems of intergroup conflict and political solidarity are discussed and avenues for future research proposed.
Caregiver experiences with transitions from pediatric to adult healthcare for children with complex care needs
Authors: MacNeill Lillian , Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaring for a youth with complex care needs (CCN) who is transitioning from paediatric to adult healthcare can produce many challenges. For example, caregivers must often manage their youth's care at home, coordinate care and advocate for their youth. Experiences of fragmented and uncoordinated care often result in caregivers feeling ill‐prepared and uncertain about the transition process. The current study explores caregiver experiences with the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare for youth with CCN in a semi‐rural Canadian province.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional qualitative descriptive design, involving semi‐structured interviews with caregivers of youth with CCN who were preparing for, in the process of, or completed a transition from paediatric to adult healthcare within the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Thematic analysis focused on describing caregiver experiences with the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare.ResultsSeventeen caregivers completed interviews for this study. Four key themes emerged relating to caregiver experiences with the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare for these youth: (1) lack of caregiver support, (2) lack of continuity of care, (3) need for collaborative care and (4) difficulty navigating transition.ConclusionThere is a clear need to address the challenges experienced by youth with CCN and their caregivers throughout the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare. An effective transition strategy should involve early and coordinated planning between the paediatric and adult care team; continued communication across the care team throughout the transition process; and coordination among health, education and social services.
The Presence of Background Noise Extends the Competitor Space in Native and Non‐Native Spoken‐Word Recognition: Insights from Computational Modeling
Authors: Karaminis Themis , Hintz Florian , Scharenborg Odette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOral communication often takes place in noisy environments, which challenge spoken‐word recognition. Previous research has suggested that the presence of background noise extends the number of candidate words competing with the target word for recognition and that this extension affects the time course and accuracy of spoken‐word recognition. In this study, we further investigated the temporal dynamics of competition processes in the presence of background noise, and how these vary in listeners with different language proficiency (i.e., native and non‐native) using computational modeling. We developed ListenIN (Listen‐In‐Noise), a neural‐network model based on an autoencoder architecture, which learns to map phonological forms onto meanings in two languages and simulates native and non‐native spoken‐word comprehension. We also examined the model's activation states during online spoken‐word recognition. These analyses demonstrated that the presence of background noise increases the number of competitor words, which are engaged in phonological competition and that this happens in similar ways intra and interlinguistically and in native and non‐native listening. Taken together, our results support accounts positing a “many‐additional‐competitors scenario” for the effects of noise on spoken‐word recognition.
Immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine and Lantus® insulin glargine in Chinese patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Weimin , Song Xiang , Lou Ying , Du Liying , Zhu Dalong , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) versus originator insulin glargine (IGlar [Lantus®]) in Chinese patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsABES and ABET were prospective, randomized, active control, open‐label, phase III studies, which enrolled Chinese patients with T1DM (N = 272) and T2DM (N = 536), respectively. Using data from these trials, immunogenicity of LY IGlar and IGlar was evaluated by comparing the proportion of patients with detectable anti‐insulin glargine antibodies and the median antibody levels (percent binding) between the treatment groups. The incidence of anti‐insulin antibodies and treatment‐emergent antibody response (TEAR) were compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi‐squared test. Levels of anti‐insulin antibodies were compared using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. We also evaluated the relationship between antibody formation or TEAR and clinical outcomes using analysis of covariance, negative binomial regression, or partial correlations.ResultsThere were no significant treatment differences in the incidence of detectable anti‐insulin antibodies, median antibody levels or TEAR, overall or at Week 24 with last observation carried forward, and median antibody levels were low (<5%) after 24 weeks of treatment, in patients with T1DM or T2DM. Levels of anti‐insulin antibodies and development of TEAR were not associated with efficacy (glycated haemoglobin, insulin dose [U/kg/d] and hypoglycaemia) or safety outcomes.ConclusionsThe immunogenicity profiles of LY IGlar and IGlar are similar, with low levels of anti‐insulin antibodies observed for both insulins. No association was observed between antibody levels or TEAR status and clinical outcomes.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of neurosarcoidosis‐associated myelitis: A retrospective cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Nolte Jessica Y. C. , ten Dam Leroy , van de Beek Diederik , Brouwer Matthijs C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurosarcoidosis can affect all parts of the nervous system of which myelitis is relatively frequent. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients with myelitis attributable to neurosarcoidosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study and a systematic review and meta‐analysis of neurosarcoidosis‐associated myelitis.ResultsMyelitis was identified in 41 of 153 (27%) neurosarcoidosis patients seen at our clinic from 2015 to 2020. Classification of neurosarcoidosis was definite in three (7%), probable in 29 (71%) and possible in nine patients (22%). The median (interquartile range) age at onset was 49 (41–53) years and 20 of the patients were female (49%). The presenting symptoms included muscle weakness in 31 of 41 patients (78%), sensory loss in 35 (88%) and micturition abnormalities in 30 (75%). Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed longitudinally extensive myelitis in 27 of 36 patients (75%) and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an elevated leukocyte count in 21 patients (81%). Initial treatment consisted of glucocorticoids in 38 of 41 patients (93%), with additional methotrexate or azathioprine in 21 of 41 patients (51%) and infliximab in 10 of 41 patients (24%). Treatment led to remission, improvement or stabilization of disease in 37 of 39 patients (95%). Despite treatment, 18 of 30 patients (60%) could not walk independently at the end of follow‐up (median 36 months). A review of the literature published between 2000 and 2020 identified 215 patients with comparable clinical characteristics and results of ancillary investigations.ConclusionSarcoidosis‐associated myelitis is observed in 27% of neurosarcoidosis patients. Although treatment often led to a decrease in disease activity, residual neurological deficits leading to loss of ambulation occurred frequently.
Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context dependent across forest diversity experiments
Authors: Cesarz Simone , Craven Dylan , Auge Harald , Bruelheide Helge , Castagneyrol Bastien , Gutknecht Jessica , Hector Andy , Jactel Hervé , Koricheva Julia , Messier Christian , Muys Bart , O’Brien Michael J. , Paquette Alain , Ponette Quentin , Potvin Catherine , Reich Peter B. , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Smith Andrew R. , Verheyen Kris , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimSoil microorganisms are essential for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microbial communities and functions are linked to tree species composition and diversity, there has been no comprehensive study of the generality or context dependence of these relationships. Here, we examine tree diversity–soil microbial biomass and respiration relationships across environmental gradients using a global network of tree diversity experiments.LocationBoreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical forests.Time period2013.Major taxa studiedSoil microorganisms.MethodsSoil samples collected from 11 tree diversity experiments were used to measure microbial respiration, biomass and respiratory quotient using the substrate‐induced respiration method. All samples were measured using the same analytical device, method and procedure to reduce measurement bias. We used linear mixed‐effects models and principal components analysis (PCA) to examine the effects of tree diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic), environmental conditions and interactions on soil microbial properties.ResultsAbiotic drivers, mainly soil water content, but also soil carbon and soil pH, significantly increased soil microbial biomass and respiration. High soil water content reduced the importance of other abiotic drivers. Tree diversity had no effect on the soil microbial properties, but interactions with phylogenetic diversity indicated that the effects of diversity were context dependent and stronger in drier soils. Similar results were found for soil carbon and soil pH.Main conclusionsOur results indicate the importance of abiotic variables, especially soil water content, for maintaining high levels of soil microbial functions and modulating the effects of other environmental drivers. Planting tree species with diverse water‐use strategies and structurally complex canopies and high leaf area might be crucial for maintaining high soil microbial biomass and respiration. Given that greater phylogenetic distance alleviated unfavourable soil water conditions, reforestation efforts that account for traits improving soil water content or select more phylogenetically distant species might assist in increasing soil microbial functions.
Hospitalisation and associated costs of gastrointestinal bleeding from primary prevention aspirin use in South Australia: a retrospective case series analysis
Authors: Roberts Gregory , Baker Maxwell , Leiblich Hannah , Paulose Maryssa , Pegoli Matthew , Panagopoulos Lucas , Schiller Carly , Suppiah Vijayaprakash 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe assessed hospitalisations for gastrointestinal bleeding directly related to primary prevention aspirin in lower risk patients for a 6‐month period in three South Australian hospitals. Those with related underlying pathology or concurrent causative medication were excluded. Identified patients (n = 22) carried little co‐morbidity, 41% received prior proton‐pump inhibitors and 68% were aged >70 years. Mean hospital admission cost was $6769 (95% confidence interval $5198–$8340), with projected state and national annual costs of $0.57 and $8.12 million respectively. In light of recent guideline changes, clinicians need to vigorously assess the need for primary prevention aspirin.
Telehealth in outpatient delivery of palliative care: a prospective survey evaluation by patients and clinicians
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Wawryk Olivia , Pasanen Leeanne , Wong Aaron , Schwetlik Stephanie , Collins Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic new funding models were introduced to support telehealth consultations, resulting in their widescale adoption in palliative care service delivery. Clarity around the clinical circumstances and patient populations that might be most appropriate for telehealth models was required.AimsTo evaluate patient and physician satisfaction, acceptability and utility of outpatient palliative care provision through telehealth.MethodsThis is a multi‐site prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study conducted during a time of significant public health restrictions. A survey was used to collect matched patient‐ and physician‐reported perceptions of palliative care telehealth consultations across three metropolitan hospitals in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThere were 127 matched patient–physician data of telehealth consultations and a further 812 physician‐only assessments. Telehealth was generally acceptable and satisfactory, with patients providing greater positive scores than clinicians. Telehealth incorporating both audio and video were more acceptable and satisfactory, particularly with the presence of a carer, and during routine reviews. Physicians were less satisfied using telehealth when there was increasing symptom complexity across all domains (pain, psychological, and other symptoms).ConclusionsTelehealth has high utility in palliative care practice. A future hybrid model of care comprising both face‐to‐face and telehealth consultations seems favoured by patients and physicians but must be accompanied by targeted support for specific patient groups to ensure equitable healthcare access. Further evaluation of telehealth during a time of fewer public health emergency measures and lower community anxiety is required to fully understand its ongoing role.
First report of association of Ca. Phytoplasma australasia‐related strain (16SrII‐D) with Thuja occidentalis plants showing leaf yellowing symptoms in Uttarakhand province, India
Authors: Mitra Surabhi , Reddy Madem G. , Rao Govind P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThuja occidentalis L. is an evergreen coniferous species of high medicinal value with fan‐like branches and scaly leaves. Leaf yellowing symptoms were recorded on T. occidentalis plants in 2019 at Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand, India. Using the universal 16S rRNA and secA gene phytoplasma‐specific primers, the expected amplicons of ~1.25 kb and 480 bp were consistently obtained in ten symptomatic thuja leaf samples. Virtual RFLP profiles showed that the thuja phytoplasma strains were associated with Ca. Phytoplasma australasia (16SrII‐D subgroup)‐related strain by matching the restriction patterns of the 16S rRNA gene. This is the first time a phytoplasma from the 16SrII‐D subgroup has been recorded with thuja yellows disease in the world.
Ift88 regulates enamel formation via involving Shh signaling
Authors: Kudo Takehisa , Kawasaki Maiko , Kawasaki Katsushige , Meguro Fumiya , Nihara Jun , Honda Izumi , Kitamura Madoka , Fujita Akira , Osawa Kazuaki , Ichikawa Kaya , Nagai Takahiro , Ishida Yoko , Sharpe Paul T. , Maeda Takeyasu , Saito Isao , Ohazama Atsushi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe ciliopathies are a wide spectrum of human diseases, which are caused by perturbations in the function of primary cilia. Tooth enamel anomalies are often seen in ciliopathy patients; however, the role of primary cilia in enamel formation remains unclear.Materials and MethodsWe examined mice with epithelial conditional deletion of the ciliary protein, Ift88, (Ift88fl/fl;K14Cre).ResultsIft88fl/fl;K14Cre mice showed premature abrasion in molars. A pattern of enamel rods which is determined at secretory stage, was disorganized in Ift88 mutant molars. Many amelogenesis‐related molecules expressing at the secretory stage, including amelogenin and ameloblastin, enamelin, showed significant downregulation in Ift88 mutant molar tooth germs. Shh signaling is essential for amelogenesis, which was found to be downregulated in Ift88 mutant molar at the secretory stage. Application of Shh signaling agonist at the secretory stage partially rescued enamel anomalies in Ift88 mutant mice.ConclusionFindings in the present study indicate that the function of the primary cilia via Ift88 is critical for the secretory stage of amelogenesis through involving Shh signaling.
Two rare variants reveal the significance of Grainyhead‐like 3 Arginine 391 underlying non‐syndromic cleft palate only
Authors: Huang Wenbin , He Qing , Li Mingzhao , Ding Yi , Liang Wei , Li Weiran , Lin Jiuxiang , Zhao Huaxiang , Chen Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesNon‐syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects with largely undetermined genetic etiology. It has been established that Grainyhead‐like 3 (GRHL3) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of NSCPO. This study aimed to identify and verify the first‐reported GRHL3 variant underlying NSCPO among the Chinese cohort.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on a Chinese NSCPO patient and identified a rare variant of GRHL3 (p.Arg391His). A validated deleterious variant p.Arg391Cys was introduced as a positive control. Zebrafish embryos injection, reporter assays, live‐cell imaging, and RNA sequencing were conducted to test the pathogenicity of the variants.ResultsZebrafish embryos microinjection demonstrated that overexpression of the variants could disrupt the normal development of zebrafish embryos. Reporter assays showed that Arg391His disturbed transcriptional activity of GRHL3 and exerted a dominant‐negative effect. Interestingly, Arg391His and Arg391Cys displayed distinct nuclear localization patterns from that of wild‐type GRHL3 in live‐cell imaging. Bulk RNA sequencing suggested that the two variants changed the pattern of gene expression.ConclusionsIn aggregate, this study identified and characterized a rare GRHL3 variant in NSCPO, revealing the critical role of Arginine 391 in GRHL3. Our findings will help facilitate understanding and genetic counseling of NSCPO.
Characterization of the antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in a mildly affected pediatric population
Authors: Kopanja Sonja , Gattinger Pia , Schmidthaler Klara , Sieber Justyna , Niepodziana Katarzyna , Schlederer Thomas , Weseslindtner Lukas , Stiasny Karin , Götzinger Florian , Pickl Winfried F. , Frischer Thomas , Valenta Rudolf , Szépfalusi Zsolt 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile children usually experience a mild course of COVID‐19, and a severe disease is more common in adults, the features, specificities, and functionality of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody response in the pediatric population are of interest.MethodsWe performed a detailed analysis of IgG antibodies specific for SARS‐CoV‐2‐derived antigens S and RBD by ELISA in 26 SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositive schoolchildren with mild or asymptomatic disease course, and in an equally sized, age‐ and gender‐matched control group. Furthermore, a detailed mapping of IgG reactivity to a panel of microarrayed SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and S‐derived peptides was performed by microarray technology. The capacity of the antibody response to block RBD‐ACE2 binding and virus neutralization were assessed. Results were compared with those obtained in an adult COVID‐19 convalescent population.ResultsAfter mild COVID‐19, anti‐S and RBD‐specific IgG antibodies were developed by 100% and 84.6% of pediatric subjects, respectively. No difference was observed in regards to symptoms and gender. Mounted antibodies recognized conformational epitopes of the spike protein and were capable to neutralize the virus up to a titer of ≥80 and to inhibit the ACE2‐RBD interaction by up to 65%. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG responses in children were comparable to mildly affected adult patients.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 asymptomatic and mildly affected pediatric patients develop a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody response, which is comparable regarding antigen, epitope recognition, and the ability to inhibit the RBD‐ACE2 interaction to that observed in adult patients after mild COVID‐19.
Crowdsourcing as a means of fundraising for juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Goldman Nathaniel , Kassamali Bina , Shahriari Neda , Lonowski Sarah , Nwankwo Christy , Tran Amity , Vleugels Ruth Ann , LaChance Avery 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study used the crowdsourcing platform GoFundMe to analyze the financial hardships associated with treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis. Uncovered medical expenses, travel costs, and loss of income were all commonly cited reasons for fundraising, demonstrating high out‐of‐pocket costs and significant economic hardship associated with this disease, even among families with health insurance.