bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of covid-19 vaccine among the healthcare providers in India
Authors: Samantaray Aurobindo , Dora Susmita , Sinha Ashish K. , Panda Prem S. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
By increasing immunity, the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine is expected to reduce the rate of infection and severity of infection, as well as the rate of hospitalisation. Healthcare providers (HCPs) can provide a good example when it comes to their health habits. HCPs are believed to have the best vaccine acceptance rates because they are open-minded and informed. By concentrating on COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among HCPs in India, the current study gives a clear picture of vaccine acceptability.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study approach was used. Participants in the study gave their informed permission. Snowball sampling was employed to spread the survey around social media platforms (mostly WhatsApp groups and email IDs). The survey was open from April 1 through April 30, 2021, and a total of 316 responses were received. SPSS software, version 25, was used for statistical analysis (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
The participants’ average age was 32.8 ± 9.7, with 57% of them being male. 16.5% of the 316 individuals had a history of chronic illness. 40.5% had ever experienced COVID-19 symptoms, and 24.1% had been diagnosed with COVID-19 while on duty. Only 16.5% strongly agreed that they could get COVID-19 in the near future, and 48.1% disputed that obtaining COVID-19 infection would make them very unwell. Only 40.5% of participants were concerned about the possible side effects of the vaccine, while 63.2% were not concerned about the possible side effects of the vaccine. Only 39.2% were concerned about the affordability (high price) of vaccines. The majority (95%) of participants agreed to be vaccinated when sufficient information was provided, and only 31.7% agreed to be vaccinated if they were vaccinated free of charge.

Conclusion:
Due to the high level of current willingness among healthcare professionals to accept COVID-19 vaccines, these data may not be available to the general public. Understanding the complex and interrelated factors that influence vaccination decisions and the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in a particular population is essential to inform interventions to improve immunization coverage.
Probable sociobehavioural and environmental risk factors for dengue transmission in Puducherry, India – An exploratory study
Authors: Jeyapal Dinesh Raja , Krishnakumari Ambikadevi , Srividya Adinarayanan , Kumar Ashwani , Purushothaman Jambulingam 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Dengue is one of the most extensively spread mosquito borne disease. Puducherry has experienced outbreaks during the post monsoon season almost every year since 2003. Understanding the dynamics of disease transmission and the conducive factors favourable for its spread is necessary to plan early control measures to prevent outbreaks.

Objective:
To describe the sociodemographic details of the dengue recovered cases, their clinical features, management, probable sociobehavioural and environmental risk factors for acquiring infection that could favour disease spread. Methodology: An exploratory descriptive study was conducted among 23 individuals recovered from dengue during the outbreak in Puducherry in 2018. An interview guide was used to elicit details regarding the course of illness from its onset until recovery as well as the probable sociobehavioural and environmental risk factors from each participant. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequency, percentage, and mean scores.

Results:
All 23 were primary cases of dengue with fever and myalgia being the commonest presentation. Two of them developed dengue haemorrhagic fever, of which one completely recovered. Five were found to have dengue–chikungunya coinfection. Lack of awareness about dengue, noncompliance regarding proper solid waste management and environmental sanitation among the public was clearly evident.

Conclusion:
Local transmission was evident as most cases did not have any relevant travel history outside the State and from the prevailing mosquitogenic environmental conditions. Dengue being a preventable disease can be controlled only with the active participation of all stakeholders including primary care physicians and the community.
Clinical diversities of patient eye care in para-COVID-19 era in Western Odisha
Authors: Panda Tarun K. , Nanda Priyadarsini 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented effect on eye care services. The present study was conducted to assess the varied eye diseases and care around COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at BBMCH, Balangir, Ophthalmology Department, Western Odisha, from September 2019 to May 2021 in three phases (i.e., September 2019 to March 2020, April to October 2020, November 2020 to March 2021). The total OPD consultations and emergency eye surgeries conducted around the COVID-19 period were retrieved from direct attendance in the OPD register, references, or tele-consultation.

Results:
Cumulative OPD eye consultations were found to be 13000, 3700, 7200 in pre-COVID, COVID and post-COVID period, respectively. Marked decrease in OPD cases (70%) was noticed in peak COVID period (April 2020 to October 2020) followed by slight increase during November 2020 to May 2021 i.e., (40% decrease). Allergic conjunctivitis was the commonest presentation in pre-COVID era, as compared to refractive error in COVID period. In post-COVID period, referrals, follow up cases, pending old surgical cases, red eyes formed major chunk of OPD attendance. Only 30% emergency cases underwent surgery during peak COVID, (Trauma cases, lens induced glaucoma, hypermature cataract, MLC cases, and one-eyed patients). But during post-COVID period this rose to 60%. Eight pediatric patients with intracorneal foreign body were given urgent treatment.

Conclusion:
Due to government guidelines and lockdown restrictions, majority (65%) of patients could not receive adequate treatment. But relaxation of rules in post-COVID period increased patient load to 75%.
Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among paediatricians of Odisha and factors related to poor reporting of adverse drug reactions
Authors: Behera Manas R. , Tripathy Ratikanta , Srivastava Vartika , Das Mangala C. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Children are very much vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and also tend to have more severe form of adverse effects compared to adults. Though ADR is a significant problem in children, paediatricians seem to neglect this aspect. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) studies related to pharmacovigilance among paediatricians are lacking in literature. Hence, this study was planned to know the gaps in KAP among paediatricians of Odisha and factors related to underreporting of ADR.

Materials and Methods:
Google Form containing the questions was shared to paediatricians of Odisha state working in both private and government organisations. The questionnaire was prepared based on previous studies and some new questions relevant to our scenario were added. The questionnaire contained six questions based on knowledge, four on attitude and three on practice of ADR. Apart from that, it contained questions to know their response regarding the factors that discourage paediatricians to report ADRs. There were 60 responses.

Results:
Among the paediatricians, 70%–80% were aware of the pharmacovigilance programme running in India. Also, 80%–90% agreed that ADR reporting is crucial in paediatric health care, while most of them were trained regarding ADR reporting. But only 50% of them had reported an ADR in their clinical practice, which clearly indicates towards underreporting.

Conclusion:
The motivation for voluntary reporting of ADRs among paediatricians for preventing the morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population could be of immense importance, and hence, various workshops and CMEs should be conducted to improve the KAP of these doctors, so that the problem of underreporting could be minimised.
Comparison of rapid tests (antigen vs. antibody) for the diagnosis of typhoid in the first and second weeks of fever
Authors: Saini Vikas , Duggal Nandini 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
We conducted this study with an objective to compare the diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen and antibody kits for early detection (<5 days of fever) and late detection (>5 days of fever) of S.Typhi and S.Paratyphi in relation to the Widal test.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 15 months, during which 180 cases of documented fever were enrolled. Paired samples (at <5 and >5 days of fever) were processed for rapid antigen test (RAg), rapid antibody test (RAb) and Widal test. Blood culture (BacT/Alert system) was considered as the gold standard for confirmation.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of patients with enteric fever was 16.42 (12.53) years, with a slight male preponderance (58.33% males vs. 41.67% females). Positive blood culture was reported in 58 (32.22%) cases. For RAg, RAb and Widal tests, the diagnostic accuracy was 45.56%, 42.22% and 41.11%, respectively, which was comparable for diagnosing enteric fever in cases with <5 days of fever (P = 0.675). For fever >5 days, RAg showed a significantly lower diagnostic accuracy (15%) as compared to RAb (61.11%) and Widal test (66.11%) (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study concludes that RAg marks a high sensitivity of accurate diagnosis in the initial five days of typhoid fever while RAb (with or without Widal tests), hold a superior sensitivity for diagnosis after five days of onset of enteric fever.
Barriers to treatment regimen adherence in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Vijayan Smitha Moonjelly , Kalaivani H , Mitra Subarna , John Joseph , Anila A , Damini  , Boban Linimol , Chowdhury Pritha , Gayen Sriparna 
Published: August 2022

Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of the reproductive age group. Its treatment regimen comprises medication and lifestyle modifications. However, non-adherence to the treatment regimen is the most commonly faced problem among women due to various barriers, resulting in complications like insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and infertility. Primary care physicians see patients with this disorder either at the initiation of treatment or on follow-up care after specialist consultation. So, understanding the barriers to treatment compliance, from a woman’s perspective and finding the solution to the same is crucial to successful therapy.Objectives:The present study aims to assess adherence to the treatment regimen and its barriers among women with PCOS and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 224 women who met the inclusion criteria responded through a Google form. Self-reports were obtained by a demographic proforma, medication adherence rating scale, and barriers assessment questionnaire.Results:Only a third of the women (32.1%) were fully adherent, 36.3% were partially adherent, and 31.6% were non-adherent. The most common barriers among women were lack of knowledge regarding the disease and its management, side effects of the treatment, long duration of the therapy, no relief of symptoms, bland diet, and lack of physical exercise. Treatment adherence was associated with socioeconomic status (P= 0.001) among women with PCOS.Conclusion:Adherence to the treatment regimen in PCOS was poor. Successful adherence depends on how patients understand the severe implications of non-adherence to the prescribed treatment and adjust to lifestyle modifications related barriers. It is also vital for health care providers and patients to identify these barriers, address them and refine treatment strategies.
An assessment of admission pattern and treatment outcomes of neonates admitted in centers under facility-based newborn care program in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kshirsagar Vikas Devidas , Rajderkar Shekhar S. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Newborn period is the most vulnerable period of life. As the rate of decline in neonatal mortality was slow compared to infant mortality rate, improved neonatal health-care services were started in existing facilities under facility-based newborn care program.

Materials and Methods:
A total of six special newborn care units at the district hospitals and 12 newborn stabilization units at the subdistrict/rural hospitals were included in the study. The outcome parameters were analyzed in the admitted babies using statistical tests.

RESULTS:
The mortality pattern was higher among low-birth-weight and preterm babies. The lower health-care centers had less neonatal deaths, as the neonates were referred. The common causes of admission were neonatal jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, birth asphyxia, and so on.

Conclusion:
The focus on the high-risk babies needs to be strengthened, as these babies are at a high risk for neonatal mortality.
Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Christina Munugapati , Chichra Abhinav , Kattula Dheeraj , Innamuri Raviteja , Akula Vishal 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The available treatment options for patients with drug or treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders are limited. Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) is an established option, but the literature available is limited. This study examined the utilization of M-ECT in a large tertiary care psychiatric facility, and its correlates with the socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed in a tertiary care psychiatry center based in semi-urban South India, and data was analyzed.

Results:
A total of 171 patients received ECT in the study period, of which only five patients were on M-ECT. These patients were diagnosed as treatment-resistant and were mostly suffering from schizophrenia. They were located less than 30 km from the hospital. They were on regular treatment but continued to have residual symptoms without functional recovery and required a high level of support from caregivers.

Conclusion:
Our study supports the effectiveness of M-ECT for the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders and highlights the profile of patients who have received this modality of treatment. It can be suggested with consideration of various psycho-social issues which seem to be related to adherence.
An ubiquitous entity of post-COVID rhinomaxillary mucormycosis
Authors: Dhara Vasantha , Kishore Krishna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID 19) has left a trail of morbidity and mortality on a global scale because of the nature of the disease and its sequelae. One of the earliest drugs used to prevent the spiralling down of patients with the effects of cytokine syndrome were corticosteroids, reducing mortality. However, with the unfortunate injudicious use of steroids, opportunistic infections have created havoc even in recovered patients. COVID-associated rhino mucormycosis has seen a sudden spike in its prevalence presenting as an endemic in the midst of a pandemic.

Case Presentation:
Our paper reports a case of a COVID-recovered patient who presented with bilateral disease involving the maxillary sinus and palate on one side and the zygoma and orbit on the other.

Discussion:
Diagnosing and treating maxillary or orbital or cerebral extensions of rhino mucormycosis requires a thorough judicious approach. Imaging, meticulous intra-operative evaluation, and aggressive medical and surgical treatment are necessary.

Conclusion:
This case report highlights a peculiar case of an asymmetrical bilateral presentation of post-COVID mucormycosis involving different anatomical spaces.
A comparative study between bone transport technique using Ilizarov/LRS fixator and induced membrane (Masquelet) technique in management of bone defects in the long bones of lower limb
Authors: Gupta Govind Kumar , Majhee Amit Kumar , Rani Sudha , Shekhar Shubhendu , Prasad Pancham , Chauhan Ganesh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
In earlier times due to difficulty in managing segmental long bone defects, amputation was the preferred treatment. Nonunion with bone loss of long bones is a challenging problem, requiring serious attention. Post-traumatic segmental bone defects can have severe long-term ill impact on patient’s lives. Reconstruction is more difficult and functional outcome is usually less satisfactory compared to bony outcome. Distraction osteogenesis and induced membrane technique are the techniques that can be used.

Aims and Objectives:
To find out and compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcome of bone transport technique and induced membrane technique in management of bone defects in the long bones of lower limb.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative study was conducted on 24 patients (22 males and 2 females) of lower extremity fractures with bone defect more than 3 cm. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of reconstruction used, that is, either bone transport technique in 12 patients (group A) or masquelet in the other 12 patients (group B). The mean age of the patients was 44 years in group A and was 38 years in group B. Regular follow-up was done with a mean period of follow up of 18.35 ± 5.58 months in group A and 18.25 ± 3.95 months in group B.

Result:
In group A (bone transport), 67% showed union, 25% showed union with bone graft and 8% showed delayed union. In group B (masquelet), 75% showed union and 25% showed delayed union. bone transport technique showed excellent results in 58.3% and good in 41.7% while Masquelet technique showed excellent result in 50% and good in 50%.

Conclusion:
For an orthopaedic surgeon, long bones defects with a substantial loss of bone volume are one of the most challenging bone defects encountered in clinical practice. Induced membrane technique and bone transport both offer successful options for filling of bone defects. Both techniques have its own pros and cons and provide varied option for healing. In our study, both methods have comparable results statistically although induced membrane technique required soft tissue reconstructive procedures.
Experiences of single-parent children in the current Indian context
Authors: Sangeet Omisha , Singh Shyodan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Single-parent family structure involves only one parent responsible for rearing the child and their welfare. Among all types of families, single-parent families can have difficult individual and social experiences, which may affect both single parents as well as their children. Therefore, the present paper attempts to capture some of the lived experiences and social perceptions of single-parent children qualitatively in the current Indian context.

Method:
A qualitative research method was adopted in which data collection was done using semi-structured interviews followed by thematic analysis. The sample consisted of 11 college-going young adults residing in Delhi-NCR with their single mothers since the early years of their lives.

Result:
The results indicate that single-parent children participants had mixed experiences where some individuals’ experiences were challenging; at the same time, other experiences led to positive changes and self-growth during the course of their lives. Findings suggest varied experiences of single-parent children in the Indian context, where 82% of participants reported additional “responsibilities” and 54% reported careful “decision making” process; lower “sense of belongingness,” “social stigma,” and higher “resilience” were reflected in responses by the majority of the participants (91%), and lastly, 73% reported difficulty in “emotional regulation.”

Conclusion:
Experiences of single-parent children can be both positive and negative. Strengths such as an increased sense of responsibility, decision-making, and resilience can be considered while dealing with the unique challenges faced by them.
Association of serum vitamin B12 with immuno-hematological parameters in treatment-naive HIV positive cases
Authors: Kavitha Kasipandy , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Singh Arvind Kumar , Mangaraj Manaswini 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and vitamin B12 deficiency overlap each other, so early diagnosis and intervention is important. The study aims to find out serum vitamin B12 level and its association with CD4 and CD8 count, clinical-staging, and hemato-biochemical status in newly diagnosed HIV positive cases.

Methodology:
Fifty-five confirmed HIV cases above 18 years of age and equal number of age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. CD4 and CD8 counts were analyzed by Flow cytometer. Complete Blood Count, Serum vitamin B12, Folic acid, ferritin, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration were done.

Results:
Serum vitamin B12 was observed to be significantly low in HIV positive cases than healthy controls with a mean value of 240.62 ± 56.75 pg/ml and 317.57 ± 52.56 pg/ml, respectively. Decreased CD4 counts with elevated levels of ferritin and CRP was seen in HIV positive individuals. The subgroup analysis based on the levels of vitamin B12 was directly proportional to CD4 counts. CD8 counts also registered a significant association with serum B12 level, yet the response is not proportionate with the level of vitamin B12 deficiency. Nearly one-third of HIV positive cases revealed vitamin B12 deficiency.

Conclusion:
During the early stage, fast dividing immune cells cause increased consumption of micronutrients contributing toward vitamin B12 deficiency. It contributes to disorders in methylation affecting the immune function and NK Cell activity which increases the number of CD8 cells. Hence, vitamin B12 is a beneficial immunological modulator of HIV infection and can be a potent game changer in resource constrained set up.