bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary conceptual design for a hybrid-electric commuter aircraft
Authors: Nasoulis C.P. , Gkoutzamanis V.G. , Kalfas A.I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe electrification of the commuter aircraft is instrumental in the development of novel propulsion systems. The scope of this work aims to explore the design space of a parallel hybrid-electric configuration with an entry into service date of 2030 and beyond and determine the impact of other disciplines on conceptual design, such as components positioning, aircraft stability and structural integrity. Three levels of conceptual sizing are applied and linked with a parametric aircraft geometry tool, to generate the aircraft’s geometry and position the components. Subsequently, the structural optimisation of the wing box is performed, providing the centre of gravity of the components placed inside the wing, that minimise the induced stresses. Furthermore, the stability and trim analysis follow, with the former being highly affected by the positioning of components. Results are compared to a similar aircraft with entry into service technology of 2014 and it is indicated that in terms of block fuel reduction the total electrification benefit increases with the increase of degree of hybridisation, if aircraft mass is kept constant. On the other hand, if battery specific energy is kept constant, similar block fuel reduction is possible with lower hybridisation degrees. The potential for improvement in terms of carbon dioxide emissions and block fuel reduction ranges from 15.73% to 21.44% compared to the conventional aircraft, for levels of battery specific energy of 0.92 and 1.14 kWh/kg respectively. Finally, the component positioning evaluation indicates a maximum weight limitation of 240 kg for the addition of an aft boundary layer ingestion fan to a tube and wing aircraft configuration, without compromising the aircraft static stability.
Managing streamed sensor data for mobile equipment prognostics
Authors: Griffiths Toby , Corrêa Débora , Hodkiewicz Melinda , Polpo Adriano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ability to wirelessly stream data from sensors on heavy mobile equipment provides opportunities to proactively assess asset condition. However, data analysis methods are challenging to apply due to the size and structure of the data, which contain inconsistent and asynchronous entries, and large periods of missing data. Current methods usually require expertise from site engineers to inform variable selection. In this work, we develop a data preparation method to clean and arrange this streaming data for analysis, including a data-driven variable selection. Data are drawn from a mining industry case study, with sensor data from a primary production excavator over a period of 9 months. Variables include 58 numerical sensors and 40 binary indicators captured in 45-million rows of data describing the conditions and status of different subsystems of the machine. A total of 57% of time stamps contain missing values for at least one sensor. The response variable is drawn from fault codes selected by the operator and stored in the fleet management system. Application to the hydraulic system, for 21 failure events identified by the operator, shows that the data-driven selection contains variables consistent with subject matter expert expectations, as well as some sensors on other systems on the excavator that are less easy to explain from an engineering perspective. Our contribution is to demonstrate a compressed data representation using open-high-low-close and variable selection to visualize data and support identification of potential indicators of failure events from multivariate streamed data.
On legal geography as an analytical toolbox for EU legal studies
Authors: Persdotter Maria , Iossa Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEU legal geography concerns itself with the mutually constitutive relationship between EU law and space (also, and increasingly so, time). This requires reconstructing and systematizing the widely used concepts which reveal the geographical basis of EU law (such as movement and circulation), but also developing a particular viewpoint, indeed a specific “ethos of investigation”, which equips us with the tools to challenge and transcend the dominant ways of doing EU law. In particular, it is argued that a geographic turn in European legal studies will foster the study of how law works “on the ground” and will allow challenging taken-for-granted ideas about the relationship between law and political order, while throwing new light on the very technical concepts with which we reconstruct, analyse and assess EU law.
Pictorial Modernity and the Armenian Women of Iran
Authors: Berberian Houri , Grigor Talinn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe essay explores the entangled relationship between modernization and women's visibility and representation through three pictorial spheres most redolent of that relationship: photo studio culture (1880s–1930s), satirical cartoons (1920–58), and costume exhibition (1972–76). The study prioritizes minoritarian politics formulated by women through their organizations and public activities, whether charitable in the late nineteenth century, educational in the early twentieth century, or “civilizational” from the mid-twentieth century on. By examining pictorial and textual sources, it proposes that the Armenian woman as a discursive phenomenon was central to Iran's mainstream modernization and foregrounds the complex working of a double marginality to the processes, strategies, and anxieties of late Qajar and Pahlavi modernization.
The Origins and Consequences of Racialized Schemas about U.S. Parties
Authors: Zhirkov Kirill , Valentino Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo parallel processes structure American politics in the current moment: partisan polarization and the increasing linkage between racial attitudes and issue preferences of all sorts. We develop a novel theory that roots these two trends in historical changes in party coalitions. Changing racial compositions of the two major parties led to the formation of racialized images about Democrats and Republicans in people’s minds—and these images now structure Americans’ partisan loyalties and policy preferences. We test this theory in three empirical studies. First, using the American National Election Studies we trace the growing racial gap in party coalitions as well as the increasing overlap between racial and partisan affect. Then, in two original survey studies we directly measure race–party schemas and explore their political consequences. We demonstrate that race–party schemas are linked to partisan affect and issue preferences—with clear implications for the recent developments in U.S. politics.
‘A remedy for this dread disease’: Achille Sclavo, anthrax and serum therapy in early twentieth-century Britain
Authors: Stark James F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the years around 1900 one of the most significant practical consequences of new styles of bacteriological thought and practice was the development of preventive vaccines and therapeutic sera. Historical scholarship has highlighted how approaches rooted in the laboratory methods of Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur and their collaborators were transformed in local contexts and applied in diverse ways to enable more effective disease identification, prevention and treatment. Amongst these, the anti-anthrax serum developed by the Italian physician Achille Sclavo (1861–1930) has received little to no attention from historians. This article positions Sclavo's serum as a neglected but significant presence in British microbiology, which achieved widespread uptake amidst a wave of optimism, despite prolonged uncertainty about its mechanism of action and dosage. After being introduced to Britain in 1904 by the enterprising first medical inspector of factories Thomas Morison Legge, within a matter of months the serum became regarded by medical practitioners as an effective treatment of cutaneous anthrax, though access to ‘fresh’ serum and the necessary speedy diagnosis remained problematic. Like the disease anthrax itself, discussion of ‘Sclavo's serum’ was out of all proportion to the relatively low number of cases, reflecting a deep-seated fascination with the wider possibilities afforded by effective serum therapy.
Seed traits and phylogenomics: prospects for the 21st century
Authors: Nonogaki Mariko , Yamazaki Satoru , Nishiyama Eri , Ohshima Kazuhiko , Nonogaki Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic and biochemical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the biology of seeds in recent years. Another area of study, which could accelerate contemporary seed biology research, is phylogenomics that integrates the wealth of genome sequence data with evolutionary biology. The recent phylogenomic study of the DELAY OF GERMINATION1 family genes exemplifies how the molecular evolution of seed genes can be traced back through early diverging plants and what implications can be obtained from the analysis of seed gene diversification at ancient times. The identification of possible ancestors of seed genes in non-seed plants could illuminate the ancient roots of the molecular mechanisms driving seed maturation programmes. It is possible that the origins of molecular mechanisms associated with the induction of seed storage proteins and desiccation tolerance proteins date back to the time of, or even prior to, early diverging land plants. Abscisic acid-dependent growth arrest or dormancy mechanisms might date back to red algae, one of the oldest algal groups. Thus, understanding algal cell biology will also be an integral part of future seed biology research. Unravelling key events associated with the evolution of seed- and non-seed plants will not only advance basic research but could also contribute to applied aspects of seed science, potentially leading to technology development for agriculture.
Clinical efficacy and safety of selexipag in children and young adults with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Takatsuki Shinichi , Nakayama Tomotaka , Shimizu Yurika , Kawai Reiko , Matsuura Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of selexipag in children and young adults with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included clinical data from five children and six young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving selexipag as add-on therapy or as a transition from beraprost sodium or epoprostenol infusion therapy. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by measuring improvement in clinical variables from baseline, including hemodynamic parameters.Results:Of the 11 patients, 6 were switched from beraprost sodium to selexipag and one paediatric patient transitioned from epoprostenol to selexipag. The median maintenance dose of selexipag in children was 80 μg/kg/day. In nine patients undergoing repeat catheterisation, statistically significant improvements were observed after the initiation of selexipag in terms of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (p < 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance index (p < 0.05), and cardiac index (p < 0.01). None of the patients had clinical worsening after selexipag during follow-up, but one young adult patient discontinued treatment due to severe headache. The most common side effect profiles were headache, nausea, abdominal pain, jaw pain, myalgia, and diarrhoea.Conclusions:Selexipag may have a favourable safety profile and potential efficacy in children and young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Different definitions of multimorbidity and their effect on prevalence rates: a retrospective study in German general practices
Authors: Hauswaldt Johannes , Schmalstieg-Bahr Katharina , Himmel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Multimorbidity is common among general practice patients and increases a general practitioner’s (GP’s) workload. But the extent of multimorbidity may depend on its definition and whether a time delimiter is included in the definition or not.Aims:The aims of the study were (1) to compare practice prevalence rates yielded by different models of multimorbidity, (2) to determine how a time delimiter influences the prevalence rates and (3) to assess the effects of multimorbidity on the number of direct and indirect patient contacts as an indicator of doctors’ workload.Methods:This retrospective observational study used electronic medical records from 142 German general practices, covering 13 years from 1994 to 2007. The four models of multimorbidity ranged from a simple definition, requiring only two diseases, to an advanced definition requiring at least three chronic conditions. We also included a time delimiter for the definition of multimorbidity. Descriptive statistics, such as means and correlation coefficients, were applied.Findings:The annual percentage of multimorbid primary care patients ranged between 84% (simple model) and 16% (advanced model) and between 74% and 13% if a time delimiter was included. Multimorbid patients had about twice as many contacts annually than the remainder. The number of contacts were different for each model, but the ratio remained similar. The number of contacts correlated moderately with patient age (r = 0.35). The correlation between age and multimorbidity increased from model to model up to 0.28 while the correlations between contacts and multimorbidity varied around 0.2 in all four models.Conclusion:Multimorbidity seems to be less prevalent in primary care practices than usually estimated if advanced definitions of multimorbidity and a temporal delimiter are applied. Although multimorbidity increases in any model a doctor’s workload, it is especially the older person with multiple chronic diseases who is a challenge for the GP.
(De)constructing Argentine Women: Gender, Nation, and Identity in ‘Alfonsina y el mar’
Authors: CRISTIÁ CINTIA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines gender, nation, and identity in the popular song of folk roots ‘Alfonsina y el mar’. Written by Félix Luna and Ariel Ramírez, the song is based on the suicide of feminist poet Alfonsina Storni and achieved worldwide popularity through Mercedes Sosa's 1969 rendition on the album Mujeres argentinas. Using Butler's theory of gender performance, Cusick's proposals for a feminist music theory, and Plesch's concept of dysphoric topics in Argentine nationalist music, this article deconstructs the song's poetic, musical, and visual discourses to critique its underlying cultural signification. It concludes that by infantilizing, romanticizing, and nationalizing Storni's public figure, her legacy was adapted to the patriarchal expectations of decorum and historical narrative about nation pervasive in Argentina in the late 1960s. Storni's white European urban background was adapted to more ‘authentic’ Argentine values through Sosa's performance and public image.
Privatising, liberalising and dividing a welfare state without affecting universality? Debunking the myths surrounding the rapid rise of private health insurance in Sweden
Authors: Lapidus John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The privatisation of provision and the emerging privatisation of funding, manifested in the rapid rise of private health insurance, are the most obvious signs that the universal, Swedish health system is gradually weakened. Meanwhile, the private welfare industry creates a neoliberal Newspeak where the burdening effects of the private insurance system on public healthcare are said to be unburdening, and where every step away from the principles of a universal welfare model is said to be in line with the principles of a universal welfare model. The language spoken by the private welfare industry spills over into authorities, journalists and scholars. In this article, I discuss, problematise and partially reject two research questions – Does VHI unburden the public health care system? and Are VHI holders less supportive of funding public health care? – where the authors fail to place development in the context of increased inequality and declining tax ratio, and where they use the welfare industry's definitions invented to blur the consequences of a parallel health system.
Vulnerability and marginalisation at sea: maritime search and rescue, and the meaning of ‘place of safety’
Authors: Campàs Velasco Ainhoa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an integrating interpretation of the term ‘place of safety’ in the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, grounded in international human rights and refugee law. It argues that the exposure to harm as a consequence of the conditions under which sea migrants endure irregular journeys raises vulnerability concerns and the need to search for mechanisms of redress. It further claims that sea migrants are marginalised by states’ refusal to allow their disembarkation on land. It also argues that a narrow interpretation of the term ‘place of safety’ risks perpetuating, if not exacerbating, situations of vulnerability and marginalisation among sea migrants. Key themes addressed in this contribution are vulnerability and marginalisation of sea migrants, vulnerability reasoning in the interpretation process and the scope for a more integrating reading of the term ‘place of safety’ that is responsive to the specific needs among sea migrants.
Nationalized Cosmopolitanism with Communist Characteristics: The Esperanto Movement’s Survival Strategy in Post–World War II Bulgaria
Authors: Velitchkova Ana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe case of the Bulgarian Esperanto movement under state socialism demonstrates a social movement can survive under authoritarianism by establishing a legitimate activist culture acceptable to the regime while pursuing its intrinsic goals. Bulgaria, a close Soviet ally, was a difficult case of movement survival. In the early years following World War II, the national Esperanto periodical Bulgara Esperantisto was a key organizing tool for the movement reporting on its activities, reaching out to potential recruits, and legitimizing the movement under the new communist-led regime. Examining the periodical’s discourse over a two-year period, I find that the movement managed to carve a space for itself in the new political context by advancing a form of what I term “nationalized cosmopolitanism.” Bulgarian Esperantists were able to maintain activist networks nationally and internationally, pursue intrinsic Esperanto goals, and sustain cosmopolitan identities under unhospitable conditions. The movement successfully legitimated itself by drawing from three cosmopolitan sources: Esperanto cosmopolitanism, communist internationalism, and Bulgarian peasant universalism. In the context of the nation-state system, invoking the nation was an effective legitimation strategy, even for a movement with cosmopolitan orientations, even under a regime justified in universal terms. Espousing pragmatism and partnerships while avoiding conflict, Bulgarian Esperantists were able to thrive under the new communist regime, recruit new members, and reconnect with the global Esperanto movement. I conclude that a legitimate activist culture can adapt to a regime’s ideology and institutional environment without necessarily being co-opted.
Daughters Do Not Affect Political Beliefs in a New Democracy
Authors: Clayton Amanda , de Kadt Daniel , Dumas Natasha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA consistent finding in industrialized democracies is that having a daughter shapes parents’ attitudes and behaviors in gender-egalitarian ways. We test whether this finding travels to a young middle-income democracy where women’s rights are more tenuous: South Africa. Using a dataset of over 7,500 respondents with information on family structure, we find no discernible effect on attitudes about women’s rights or on partisan identification. We speculate that our null findings relate to opportunity: daughter effects are more likely when parents perceive economic, social, and political opportunities for women. When women’s customary status and de facto opportunities are low, as in South Africa, having a daughter may have no effect on parents’ political behavior. Our results demonstrate the virtues of diversifying case selection in political behavior beyond economically wealthy democracies.
Can Community Laboratory Facilities Increase Access and Inclusivity in Geoscience?
Authors: Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Semken Steven , Whittaker Joseph A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGeochronology and geochemistry are critical tools in geoscience research and research training, but students and faculty at many institutions have little or no access to the specialized and expensive facilities needed for sample preparation and analysis. Here, we explore whether a community laboratory, dedicated to hosting and training visitors, can help address this inequity by increasing access to specialized geochemical techniques and the resulting data. We report the first three years of outcomes from the Community Cosmogenic Facility, the goal of which is to improve access by making an increasingly important analytic technique more widely available. Although the facility we describe here focuses on cosmogenic nuclide sample preparation, the model we present is viable across the geosciences. Three years of development, assessment, and refinement demonstrate that the community laboratory model increased technique access to undergraduate and graduate students. Women were represented in first‐authored, peer‐reviewed papers at a rate nearly twice that of the broader community. In contrast, the participation of under‐represented groups did not increase over geoscience norms. Our data clearly illustrate that challenges to fostering a diverse geoscience community persist. Proactive interaction with faculty and students at Minority Serving Institutions, cohort‐focused training models, and financial support to visit community laboratories may be future steps toward further diversifying users of community facilities.
Quantifying Late Pleistocene to Holocene Erosion Rates in the Hami Basin, China: Insights Into Pleistocene Dust Dynamics of an East Asian Stony Desert
Authors: Zhang Dehai , Wang Guocan , Abell Jordan T. , Pullen Alex , Winckler Gisela , Schaefer Joerg M. , Shen Tianyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWind is one of the major processes modifying the land surface in the Hami Basin, as evidenced by wind deflation gravel lags, yardangs, and gravel mantled eolian ripples. We report erosion rates for the Hami Basin using cosmogenic 10Be measurements. Bedrock erosion rates average 0.121 ± 0.0293 mm yr−1, which is similar to those of other wind‐eroded arid basins in East Asia, but is anomalously low when modern near‐surface wind speeds are considered. We posit that interglacial periods experienced lower erosion rates than glacial periods, and that the Hami Basin was likely once a larger dust producer than at present, with Pleistocene dust emissions driven by the eolian deflation of alluvial terrace deposits as well as bedrock weathering and abrasion. Wind erosion and dust production in the Hami Basin was largely regulated by the synoptically controlled spatial‐temporal distribution of precipitation and subsequent landscape evolution since at least the late Pleistocene.