bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturable antibiotic‐resistant fecal coliform bacteria in soil and surface runoff after liquid dairy manure surface application and subsurface injection
Authors: Hilaire Sheldon Shervon , Chen Chaoqi , Radolinski Jesse , Leventhal Talia , Preisendanz Heather , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Maguire Rory , Stewart Ryan D. , Saporito Lou S. , Xia Kang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLand application of manure, while beneficial to soil health and plant growth, can lead to an overabundance of nutrients and introduction of emerging contaminants into agricultural fields. Compared with surface application of manure, subsurface injection has been shown to reduce nutrients and antibiotics in surface runoff. However, less is known about the influence of subsurface injection on the transport and persistence of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms. We simulated rainfall to field plots at two sites (one in Virginia and one in Pennsylvania) 1 or 7 d after liquid dairy manure surface and subsurface application (56 Mg ha–1) and monitored the abundance of culturable antibiotic‐resistant fecal coliform bacteria (ARFCB) in surface runoff and soils for 45 d. We performed these tests at both sites in spring 2018 and repeated the test at the Virginia site in fall 2019. Manure subsurface injection, compared with surface application, resulted in less ARFCB in surface runoff, and this reduction was greater at Day 1 after application compared with Day 7. The reductions of ARFCB in surface runoff because of manure subsurface injection were 2.5–593 times at the Virginia site in spring 2018 and fall 2019 and 4–5 times at the Pennsylvania site in spring 2018. The ARFCB were only detectable in the 0‐to‐5‐cm soil depth within 14 d of manure surface application but remained detectable in the injection slits of manure subsurface‐injected plots even at Day 45. This study demonstrated that subsurface injection can significantly reduce surface runoff of ARFCB from manure‐applied fields.
KCC‐1‐nPr‐NH‐Argas an efficient organo‐nanocatalyst for the green synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo decahydroacridine derivatives
Authors: Hasannezhad Najme , Shadjou Nasrin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present work, an innovative biocompatible heterogeneous organo‐nanocatalyst is prepared based on the grafting of arginine amino acid on the channels and pores of dendritic fibrous nano silica. The designed organo‐nanocatalyst (KCC‐1‐nPr‐NH‐Arg) was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, map analysis, and adsorption/desorption instruments. The results of analysis show that the engineered catalyst has uniform fibrous spheres and dendritic structure with high surface area (104.9 m2/g) and great pore volume (0.83 cm3 g−1). Because of exceptional dendritic structure of the prepared organo‐nanocatalyst, the active sites are available and the difusion and adsorption capacity of the reagents and products increase in the pores and channels of the catalyst. Hence, KCC‐1‐nPr‐NH‐Arg was used as an capable heterogeneous basic nanocatalyst in the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo decahydroacridine derivatives from the one‐pot four component reactions of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and ammonium acetate in solvent free conditions with shorter reaction times (13‐35 minutes) and higher yields (94%‐98%) in evaluation with other reported works. It is expected that the green organo‐nanocatalyst can be used to synthesize other organic compounds.
Transverse Relaxation Anisotropy of the Achilles and Patellar Tendon Studied by MR Microscopy
Authors: Hager Benedikt , Schreiner Markus M. , Walzer Sonja M. , Hirtler Lena , Mlynarik Vladimir , Berg Andreas , Deligianni Xeni , Bieri Oliver , Windhager Reinhard , Trattnig Siegfried , Juras Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundT2* anisotropy affects the clinical assessment of tendons (magic‐angle artifact) and may be a source of T2*‐misinterpretation.PurposeTo analyze T2*‐anisotropy and T2*‐decay of Achilles and patellar tendons in vitro at microscopic resolution using a variable‐echo‐time (vTE) sequence.Study TypeProspective.SpecimenFour human Achilles and four patellar tendons.Field Strength/SequenceA 7 T MR‐microscopy; 3D‐vTE spoiled‐gradient‐echo‐sequence (T2*‐mapping).AssessmentAll tendons were measured at 0° and 55° relative to B0. Additional angles were measured for one Achilles and one patellar tendon for a total of 11 angles ranging from 0° to 90°. T2*‐decay was analyzed with mono‐ and bi‐exponential signal fitting. Mono‐exponential T2*‐values (T2*m), short and long T2*‐components (T2*s, T2*l), and the fraction of the short component Fs of the bi‐exponential T2*‐fit were calculated. T2*‐decay characteristics were compared with morphological MRI and histologic findings based on a region‐of‐interest analysis.Statistical TestsAkaike information criterion (AICC), F‐test, and paired t‐test. A P value smaller than the α‐level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsT2*m‐values between fiber‐to‐field angles of 0° and 55° were increased on average from T2*m (0°) = 1.92 msec to T2*m (55°) = 29.86 msec (15.5‐fold) in the Achilles and T2*m (0°) = 1.46 msec to T2*m (55°) = 23.33 msec (16.0‐fold) in the patellar tendons. The changes in T2*m‐values were statistically significant. For the whole tendon, according to F‐test and AICC, a bi‐exponential model was preferred for angles close to 0°, while the mono‐exponential model tended to be preferred at angles close to 55°.ConclusionMR‐microscopy provides a deeper insight into the relationship between T2*‐decay (mono‐ vs. bi‐exponential model) and tendon heterogeneity. Changes in fiber‐to‐field angle result in significant changes in T2*‐values. Thus, we conclude that awareness of T2*‐anisotropy should be noted in quantitative T2*‐mapping of tendons to avoid T2*‐misinterpretation such as a false positive detection of degeneration due to large fiber‐to‐field angles.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Oxidative stress and decreased Nrf2 level in pediatric patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Gümüş Hüseyin , Erat Tuğba , Öztürk İrfan , Demir Abit , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the change in nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (Nrf2), which plays a critical role in cytoprotection against oxidative stress, in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection positivity, and to evaluate the relationship between Nrf2 and oxidative balance. The study included 40 children with confirmed COVID‐19 infection and 35 healthy children. The groups were compared in respect of Nrf2, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), in addition to clinical findings of fever, cough, shortness of breath, contact history, and demographic data of age and gender. The mean Nrf2 values and TAS levels were determined to be statistically significantly low (p < 0.001) and the TOS level and OSI were statistically significantly high in the children with COVID‐19 compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was determined between Nrf2 and TAS (p < 0.01); as the Nrf2 value increased, so the TAS value increased. A significant negative correlation was determined between Nrf2 and TOS and OSI (p < 0.01); as the Nrf2 value increased, there was determined to be a significant decrease in the TOS and OSI values. COVID‐19 infection in pediatric patients causes a decrease in the Nrf2 level. By causing a decrease in the TAS level and an increase in the TOS and OSI levels, the decrease in Nrf2 may explain the tissue damage which can be caused by COVID‐19.
The Relationship between a School Culture’s Openness to Creative Solutions and Inquiry‐based Teaching Practices
Authors: Wei Ju‐Hui , Chuang Hsueh‐Hua , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile inquiry‐based pedagogy is expected to prepare students well for their future life and work in the modern world, research indicates that teachers still prefer the more traditional lecture‐based teaching practices. To explore better the issues underpinning the adoption of inquiry‐based teaching, this study hypothesized that inquiry‐based teaching involves creative problem‐solving behavior and therefore looked into an important but underexamined factor in teachers’ choosing to take up inquiry‐based teaching: their perception of their schools’ culture of openness to seeking creative solutions in the field of teaching and learning. Analysis of data from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey of junior high school teachers in Taiwan provided evidence of a relationship between teachers’ perception of a school culture open to creative solutions and teachers’ inquiry‐based teaching practices, with the teachers’ self‐efficacy in inquiry‐based teaching serving as a mediating factor. The findings suggest that inquiry‐based teaching is enhanced by cultivating a school environment characterized by openness to creative solutions.
Vibrational properties of the mechanochemically synthesized Cu2SnS3: Raman study
Authors: Trajic Jelena , Curcic Milica , Casas Luna Mariano , Romcevic Maja , Remesova Michaela , Balaz Matej , Celko Ladislav , Dvorak Karel , Romcevic Nebojsa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCu2SnS3 (CTS) is a simple and promising material for solar cells. Various physical and chemical techniques have been employed for synthesis of CTS nanocrystals among which mechanochemical synthesis is a great alternative due to its simplicity, solvent‐free character, and reproducibility. We present the analysis of the vibration properties of mechanochemically synthesized CTS nanocrystals. The milling time influence on CTS synthesis from elemental precursors Cu, Sn, and S was observed. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the crystal structure and compositional purity of the obtained nanoparticles. In order to investigate the individual steps of the synthesis, samples obtained after 15 s and 5, 10, 15, and 30 min of milling time were analyzed. The detailed analysis of the Raman spectra has allowed us to determine the wavenumber of the main and weaker peaks, and discern the phase, crystal structure, and secondary phases. The formation of monoclinic and tetragonal CTS phases, with oxidized surface (due to milling in air) was confirmed.
Dielectric Polarization‐Filtering Metasurface Doublet for Trifunctional Control of Full‐Space Visible Light
Authors: Gao Song , Zhou Changyi , Liu Wenwei , Yue Wenjing , Chen Shuqi , Lee Sang‐Shin , Choi Duk‐Yong , Li Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultilayered plasmonic metasurfaces have been previously shown to enable multifunctional control of full‐space electromagnetic waves, which are of great importance to the development of compact optical systems. While this structural configuration is practical for acquiring metasurfaces working in microwave frequency, it will inevitably become lossy and highly challenging to fabricate when entering the visible band. Here, an efficient yet facile approach to address this issue by resorting to a dielectric metasurface doublet (DMD) based on two vertically integrated polarization‐filtering meta‐atoms (PFMs) is presented. The PFMs exhibit polarization‐dependent high transmission and reflection, as well as independent and full 2π phase control characteristics, empowering the DMD to realize three distinct incidence‐direction and polarization‐triggered wavefront‐shaping functionalities, including anomalous beam deflection, light focusing, vortex beam generation, and holographic image projection as it is investigated either numerically or experimentally. The presented DMD undoubtedly holds several salient features compared with the multilayered metallic metasurfaces in aspects of design complexity, efficiency, and fabrication. Furthermore, as dielectric meta‐atoms with distinct polarization responses can be deployed to construct the DMD, it is anticipated that diverse full‐space metasurfaces equipped with versatile functionalities can be demonstrated in the future, which will greatly advance the development of multifunctional meta‐optics.
Oregon PRAMS 2012–2018: Revealing racial inequity in postpartum depression
Authors: Docherty Angie , Stoyles Sydnee , Najjar Rana , Woolley Rachel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearchers have suggested that some women are undiagnosed and untreated for postpartum depression (PPD). However, there are mixed findings of the factors most likely to predict those most at risk. Recognizing historical racial and ethnic disparities existing in health outcomes, we sought to determine the extent of PPD inequity in Oregon. Using data from the Oregon pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system 2012–2018 and univariate weighted logistic regression models, we explored the relationship between PPD, maternal characteristics, and social variables. These variables included race/ethnicity, social support, life stressors, financial security, and perceived healthcare discrimination. A further phased analysis examined whether race/ethnicity remained a predictor of PPD when combined with other significant variables. Over 8000 respondents were included in the full phased analysis. Almost 17% of women reported they did not discuss depression with a provider during pregnancy, including over 12% who reported PPD symptoms. Black, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), American–Indian, and mixed race mothers had increased odds of PPD compared to White women (odds ratio ranged from 1.55 to 1.87). Less than baccalaureate education, lack of social support, and perceived healthcare discrimination also increased the odds of PPD. The phased analysis showed that significant differences in odds of PPD symptoms remained between Black, APIs, and American–Indian mothers compared to White mothers. Our analysis suggests that race is an important predictor of PPD. The knowledge of who is most at risk, and the provision of adequate assessment and screening, is of fundamental importance in today's society.
The effects of processing and carbon nanotube type on the impact strength of aerospace‐grade bismaleimide based nanocomposites
Authors: Kirmani Mohammad Hamza , Ramachandran Jyotsna , Arias‐Monje Pedro J. , Gulgunje Prabhakar , Kumar Satish 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile the addition of well‐dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer nanocomposites typically improves the polymers' impact strength, herein, we report that good CNT dispersion alone is not a sufficient condition to improve the impact strength of the nanocomposites. Our results demonstrate that the impact strength of the nanocomposite also depends on the CNT type and the nanocomposite processing conditions. Depending on these factors, CNTs can either disrupt the crosslinking network of bismaleimide (BMI), or the CNTs themselves can be compressed by up to 2.9 GPa upon the curing of BMI or both. The effect of these factors on the impact strength is discussed. Overall, impact strength of up to 54 kJ/m2 has been achieved, which is 80% higher than the best impact strength reported for any CNT‐BMI system in the literature.
Going beyond the chest X‐ray: Investigating laterality defects in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Wee Wallace B. , Kaspy Kimberley R. , Sawras Michael G. , Knowles Michael R. , Zariwala Maimoona A. , Leigh Margaret W. , Dell Sharon D. , Shapiro Adam J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrgan laterality defects in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are common, ranging from complete mirror image organ arrangement, situs inversus totalis (SIT), to situs ambiguus (SA), which falls along the spectrum of situs solitus (SS) and SIT. Targeted investigations for organ laterality defects are not universally recommended in PCD consensus statements. Without investigations beyond chest radiography (CXR), clinically significant defects may go undetected leading to increased morbidity. We hypothesize that clinically significant SA defects remain undetected on CXR and targeted investigations are needed to detect various laterality defects associated with morbidity.MethodsThis retrospective study collected data from PCD clinics at two Canadian children's hospitals from 2012 to 2020. Participants <30 years old with a confirmed or clinical diagnosis of PCD were enrolled. CXR images were reviewed, and reports of other targeted investigations, including chest computed tomography, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiogram, upper gastrointestinal series, and splenic function studies, were extracted from medical records. Situs classifications from CXR alone versus CXR with add‐on targeted investigations were compared using Cochran's q and McNemar tests.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐nine PCD patients were included, median age at PCD diagnosis of 6.1 years (range: 0−28). The situs classification differed significantly from CXR images alone versus CXR with add‐on targeted investigations (p < 0.001); SS 88 (55%) versus 75 (47%), SIT 59 (37%) versus 46 (29%), and SA 12 (8%) versus 38 (24%). Identified SA defects were cardiovascular (21, 13%), intestinal (9, 6%), and/or splenic (16,10%).ConclusionsIn PCD patients, clinically significant SA defects may not be detected by CXR alone. Our results suggest that the routine use of CXR with add‐on targeted investigations may be justified.
Pulmonary Echinococcus in children: A descriptive study in a LMIC
Authors: Mfingwana Lunga , Goussard Pierre , van Wyk Lizelle , Morrison Julie , Gie Andre G. , Mohammed Rusha A. A. , Janson Jacques T. , Wagenaar Riegart , Ismail Zane , Schubert Pawel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEchinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem in lower middle‐income countries (LMIC). Children are commonly diagnosed with cysts in the lungs and/or the liver.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe a pediatric cohort diagnosed with pulmonary Cystic Echinococcus (CE) and treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed between July 2017 and December 2020 at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, medical, and surgery‐related outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 35 children, 17 (49%) were male, with a mean age of 9 ± 5.4 years. The most frequently encountered presenting symptom was cough (93%) followed by fever (70%). Isolated pulmonary CE accounted for the majority of cases (74%) with left lower lobe predominance. A significant proportion of the cohort exhibited chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics consistent with complicated pulmonary CE. Eighteen (58%) children had a positive indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) test result. All children received medical treatment whilst 30 (86%) of children required surgery. Children with complicated pulmonary CE stayed a mean of 12.5 ± 6.6 days, while those with simple cysts stayed 6.8 ± 1.5 days.ConclusionIsolated pulmonary CE is common in children, whereas extrapulmonary cysts are uncommon. Pulmonary CE is diagnosed using chest X‐ray and, CT imaging. IHA serology has limited diagnostic utility for pulmonary CE. Combined surgery and chemotherapy remains the gold standard for treating pulmonary CE.
Augmenting sanitation with insecticides to improve control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California tree nuts
Authors: Siegel Joel P , Gilcrease Garrett 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSanitation, consisting of eliminating unharvested nuts (mummies) that serve as both harborage and food source for navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), is the foundation for control in almonds and pistachios. Sometimes sanitation is ineffective and needs to be augmented. Trials in almonds and pistachios were conducted early October 2005–2006 to determine if insecticides applied postharvest could augment sanitation, and in almonds late March to early May 2016–2020 to establish their duration of control.RESULTSEarly October sprays reduced adult emergence by as much as 81.5% in pistachios, but reduction was only 32.4% in almonds. Trapping before almond hull split revealed that 55% of adult emergence occurred between 15 April and 1 June, indicating that an insecticide with a six week duration of control could reduce successful oviposition and neonate establishment. Five insecticides applied from late March to early May belonging to four Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) groups decreased survival for at least six weeks, and some lasted as long as 10 weeks. By contrast, the duration of control in contact bioassays was far shorter.CONCLUSIONInsecticides applied from late March to early May successfully reduced the survival of A. transitella in almond mummies for as long as 10 weeks postapplication, and there was a positive relationship between reduction in survival and kernel damage. If these insecticides are applied during mid‐ to late April, postbloom and before hull split, they can substantially eliminate almond mummies as a resource for 55% of the spring flight of A. transitella.
Biodegradation dynamics disparity between n‐alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the vadose zone: A critical review
Authors: Galperin Yakov , Odencrantz Joseph E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the shallow terrestrial subsurface, bioavailability often controls biodegradation rates of various hydrophobic organic pollutants, such as hydrocarbons. Microorganism‐mediated depletion of n‐alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone proceeds with distinctively different rates and kinetics. The observed disparity in biodegradation dynamics between these two classes of hydrocarbons are described here in terms of the Best equation, which allows for a complex process of hydrocarbon contaminant depletion to be explained in terms of the physically relevant processes. This equation combines terms describing contributions of two key elements of hydrocarbon biodegradation—the intrinsic catabolic activity of microorganisms and the mass transfer process delivering substrate to active microorganisms. If substrate supply is slow, biodegradation process is availability‐limited because microorganisms consume the substrate faster than it can be delivered. Conversely, when the mass transfer of substrate is faster than the microbial consumption, biodegradation rate tends to be controlled by metabolic kinetics.The evaluation conducted in this study ascertains that the critical factor limiting the rate and extent of PAH biodegradation is the mass transfer rather than the intrinsic microbial activity that appears to govern the rate of n‐alkane biodegradation. The specifics of mass transfer are determined by the magnitude of the substrate–soil interactions. Whereas sorption of n‐alkanes is controlled by weak hydrophobic and van der Waals forces, PAHs tend to bind to the soil matrix by much stronger electron‐donor–acceptor interactions. Stronger interactions between aromatic compounds and soil components translate into the higher activation energies for desorption of PAHs and therefore a slower mass transfer process. This aspect of the substrate–soil interaction explains a more prominent effect of mass transfer limitation on biodegradation dynamics of PAHs compared to that of the corresponding n‐alkanes.