bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of urban sprawl phenomenon and its implications in the City of Yogyakarta Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Anggit N B , Putri I S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urban sprawl is a random urban expansion that causes productive land to decrease, change the shape of the city, or irregular morphology of the city. The paper aims to identify the phenomenon of urban sprawl and its implications that occur in the City of Yogyakarta. The methods used are descriptive analysis and spatial analysis through secondary data. The results of this paper include the symptoms or characteristics of urban sprawl found in the City of Yogyakarta, from 14 subdistricts there are 3 subdistricts that have a high potential urban sprawl namely Wirobrajan, Mantrijeron and Kotagede subdistricts. This paper also describes the identification of urban sprawl in City of Yogyakarta based on existing characeristics. It is based on the CBD map found in this study. Furthermore, the implications that occur cause some urban problems such as narrowing of land, high population pressure, change of land use from agricultural land to residential land and shops, land support capacity and declining availability, increased population migration, increased urbanization rate, soaring land invention prices, development projects that are increasingly spreading and developing economic and industrial centers.
Design of ‘ready-to-pack’ deep frying machine
Authors: Pratomo H , Ichniarsyah A N , Purboningtyas T P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Food processing by applying high temperatures can eliminate most microbes and inactivate enzymes that can cause spoilage. Food processing tools and machines have an important role to provide better quality results and carried out more efficiently and effectively. This study aimed to obtain and analyze data also to create design documentation for a ‘readyto-pack’ deep frying machine. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews, and documentations. Data analysis was carried out by processing the collected data with mathematical calculations. The design documentation process was done using Solidworkss software. This ‘ready-to-pack’ deep frying machine had been successfully designed and was expected to facilitate the frying process and simultaneously proceed with the spinning process. This machine was designed to use a 0.373 kW motor, constructed from stainless steel and angle bars and hollows. The analysis results of the shaft planning data at a minimum diameter of 9.06 mm and the use of 25 mm-diameter shaft were declared safe with a stress analysis on the frame of 1.065 x 107 N/m2 which was still below its maximum stress. Therefore, the machine could be constructed based on this design and analysis
Postural analysis in design evaluation of oil palm loose fruits collector machine
Authors: Saulia L , Subrata I D M , Yusuf M M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The level of maturity and the harvesting process for oil palm bunches allows some fruit to be detached from the bunch. Fruit that is separated from the bunch is called loose fruit. The loose fruit must be collected to reduce post-harvest losses. The ERBRON-C machine has been designed to facilitate the process of picking loose fruit, but further study is needed regarding its working system as an interaction between the machine and its operator. This study aimed to determine the level of risk of working posture in loose fruit collection using ERBRON-C. This research was conducted by collecting anthropometric data, recording the subject’s posture, evaluating posture using the REBA method. The results of the posture evaluation showed REBA scores ranged from 2 to 5 which refers to a low to moderate risk level.
Performance Comparison of the Implementations of Single Row Power Weeder (Single Engine) and Multi-Row Power Weeder (Twin-Engine) in Rice Fields
Authors: Telaumbanua M , Witaningsih  , Lanya B , Haryanto A , Suharyatun S , Wisnu F K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Weeding rice weeds is done to reduce and prevent the competition of nutrients absorption between weeds/grass and rice plants. Weed control can be applied through various techniques, including pulling and piling the weeds into the soil. Weeds buried in the soil can be decomposed and become nutrients for rice plants. One application of technology used in weeding weeds is the use of single row power weeder (single engine) and multi-row power weeder (twin-engine). The research aimed to compare the performance of using a single row power weeder (single engine) and a multi-row power weeder (twin-engine) in rice fields. The multi-row power weeder was designed by combining a single row power weeder. This research was conducted by testing the performance of the power weeder in rice fields in an area of 14 m x 4 m for each replication. The total area of land used was 560 m2 with five experimental replicates. Weeding activities were carried out on rice plants aged 30 DAP. The results showed a successive comparison between the performance of the single row power weeder (single engine) and the multi-row power weeder (twin-engine), such as the theoretical working capacity was 0.037 ha/hour and 0.054 ha/hour, effective working capacity was 11.11 minutes and 9.78 minutes, the efficiency of the weeder performance was 82.48% and 64.87%, fuel consumption was 1.07 liters/hour and 1.92 liters/hour, and the success rate of weeding was 64.41 % and 59.77 %. The calculation results of the plant damage levels were 15 plants and 31 plants, while the mudding index values were 75.26% and 77.62%. The results of this study showed that the advantages of using a single row power weeder were on the parameters of effective working capacity, weeding efficiency, fuel, weeding success, and low plant damage. The advantages of the multi-row power weeder were the parameters of theoretical working capacity, effective working capacity, and muddling index.
The Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans Evaluation at Various Processing in Luwu Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Nendyo Adhi , Djufry Fadjry , Syafaruddin  , Iflah Tajul , Dani  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Arabica coffee plantations in Luwu Regency are planted at elevations above 1,000 mdpl, so that the Arabica coffee clones planted can produce high-quality coffee flavors. The aims of this study were to determine the physical, chemical, and taste profile of Arabica coffee Luwu in order to increase the added value and competitiveness of the product. The research was conducted using a survey method on Arabica coffee plantations in Latimojong District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Sampling using purposive random sampling method and analyzed in duplicate. Samples of coffee variants were obtained from several farmers and from several levels of the coffee trade system around Luwu Regency. Analysis of physical quality characters includes levels of live insects, foul-smelling seeds/mold, moisture content, dirt content, and special quality requirements on seed size, number of seed chips, and defect values. The chemical analysis includes water, ash, caffeine, protein, and fat. The taste of brewed coffee in an organoleptic manner refers to the Specialty Coffee Association of America/SCA standard covering aroma/fragrance, flavor, body, acidity, aftertaste, sweetness, balance, clean cup, uniformity, and overall. Based on the results of the study, the coffee beans met the general quality requirements, there were no live insects, no foul-smelling and/or moldy beans, moisture content of 12.5%, and a maximum dirt content of 0.5%. The value of ash content is 4.344%-5.514%, fat content is 11.194%-14.067%, the highest protein content is 11.687%-13.719%, the highest caffeine content is 0.041%-0.064%. The results of the taste test showed that ten samples had the potential for specialty coffee with a score above 8 and two samples below a score of 8.
Optimized Utilization of Post-Harvest Coffee Agricultural Equipment and Machines
Authors: Setyoningtyas Y D , Darmawati E , Sutrisno  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Indonesian coffee plantations, which dominate by smallholder plantations with limitary production, technology, and coffee quality, concern the government. One of the Directorate General of Estate Crops interventions to increase market demand is post-harvest equipment and machines for coffee. This study aimed to analyze the combination of available production resources to obtain maximum benefits from assisted machinery. The resource optimization method in this study uses linear programming and is processed using POM-QM software for windows. Respondents in this study were four farmers associations who received assistance in 2017-2020 with the results of their business sustainability studies in the excellent category. The optimal production solution for farmers’ associations is from a combination of products, resources, and sensitivity analysis. The optimization results for green bean farmers association 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 150 kg/month, 300 kg/month, 200 kg/month, and 759 kg/month. As for ground coffee, it is 81.3 kg/month, 83.8 kg/month, 143.3 kg/month and 272 kg/month. With this optimum level of production, it provides a profit of IDR 4,750,000 per month, IDR 2,456,250 per month, IDR 6,333,334 per month, and IDR 9,235,000 per month for farmers association 1, 2, 3, and 4 current levels of production.
Computer-aided patterning of PCL microspheres to build modular scaffolds featuring improved strength and neovascularized tissue integration
Authors: Salerno Aurelio , Palladino Antonio , Pizzoleo Carmela , Attanasio Chiara , Netti Paolo Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the past decade, modular scaffolds prepared by assembling biocompatible and biodegradable building blocks (e.g. microspheres) have found promising applications in tissue engineering (TE) towards the repair/regeneration of damaged and impaired tissues. Nevertheless, to date this approach has failed to be transferred to the clinic due to technological limitations regarding microspheres patterning, a crucial issue for the control of scaffold strength, vascularization and integration in vivo. In this work, we propose a robust and reliable approach to address this issue through the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL) microsphere-based scaffolds with in-silico designed microarchitectures and high compression moduli. The scaffold fabrication technique consists of four main steps, starting with the manufacture of uniform PCL microspheres by fluidic emulsion technique. In the second step, patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) moulds were prepared by soft lithography. Then, layers of 500 µm PCL microspheres with geometrically inspired patterns were obtained by casting the microspheres onto PDMS moulds followed by their thermal sintering. Finally, three-dimensional porous scaffolds were built by the alignment, stacking and sintering of multiple (up to six) layers. The so prepared scaffolds showed excellent morphological and microstructural fidelity with respect to the in-silico models, and mechanical compression properties suitable for load bearing TE applications. Designed porosity and pore size features enabled in vitro human endothelial cells adhesion and growth as well as tissue integration and blood vessels invasion in vivo. Our results highlighted the strong impact of spatial patterning of microspheres on modular scaffolds response, and pay the way about the possibility to fabricate in silico-designed structures featuring biomimetic composition and architectures for specific TE purposes.
Effects of fiber content and its chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of screw pine fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite
Authors: Venkatarajan S , Subbu C , Athijayamani A , Sivagami S M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have several advantages over traditional composites. The chemical modification of natural fibers helps to develop polymer composites with better mechanical properties. In the present work, mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength of chopped Screw pine fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites have been evaluated under-treated conditions based on the volume fractions of Screw pine fibers. The fibers have been treated with 5% of NaOH solution for 1 h at room temperature. The hand lay-up method has been used to prepare composite plates at room temperature. The results revealed that mechanical properties of composites increased with the increase of the fiber content up to 35.57 vol% at both the untreated and treated conditions and then dropped. However, the modulus values have been increased continuously from the fiber content of 8.43 to 45.3 vol%. It was identified that the critical or optimum fiber content for better mechanical properties is 35.57 vol% for both the untreated and treated conditions. The percentage of improvement at every combination was obtained by comparing the composites prepared with the untreated and treated fibers. The fractured surface of the treated fiber composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the tensile properties are predicted using the Hirsch and Modified Bowyer and Bader model and compared with experimental values. The predicted results revealed that the Modified Bowyer and Bader model shows better conformity.
Discharge and jet characteristics of gliding arc plasma igniter driven by pressure difference
Authors: CHENG Xinyao , SONG Huimin , HUANG Shengfang , ZHU Yifei , ZHANG Zhibo , LI Zhenyang , JIA Min 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stable combustion in an afterburner can help increase the thrust of the engine in a short time, thereby improving the maneuverability of a fighter. To improve the ignition performance of an afterburner, a twin-duct ignition platform was designed to study the performance of a gliding arc plasma igniter in close-to-real afterburner conditions. The research was carried out by a combination of experiments and simulations. The working environment of the igniter was explored through a numerical simulation. The results showed that the airflow ejected from the radiating holes formed a swirling sheath, which increased the anti-interference ability of the airflow jet. The influence of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the igniter (Δp), the flow rate outside the igniter outlet (W
2), and the installation angle (α) on the single-cycle discharge energy (E) as well as the maximum arc length (L) were studied through experiments. Three stages were identified: the airflow breakdown stage, the arc evolution stage, and the arc fracture stage. E and L increased by 107.3% and 366.2%, respectively, with Δp increasing from 10 to 70 Torr. The relationship between L and Δp obtained by data fitting is L = 3 − 2.47/(1 + (Δp/25)4). The relationship of L at different α is L

α=0° > (L

α=45° and L

α=135°) > L

α=180° > L

α=90°. E and L decrease by 18.2% and 37.3%, respectively, when Δp = 45 Torr and W
2 is increased from 0 to 250 l min−1.
Research on small flow detection method based on constant power method
Authors: Qin Hongwei , Dang Ruirong , Dang Bo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the field of three phase flow testing, real-time and online wellhead production detection has become an indispensable trend for evaluating well production and well condition. At present, the production of most conventional oil fields in China is low, and there are many Wells with less than 10 m3 d−1. It is difficult to detect the flow of low-flow Wells with conventional metering methods. Therefore, this paper proposes to use thermal flowmeter temperature difference method to measure the flow value. First, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to build the model of the thermal flow meter and set the size of the temperature probe, heating probe and velocity probe. Secondly, relevant parameters are set to simulate two steady state forms with different water content and different flow rate. Finally, the temperature changes of the velocity probe are simulated under the two conditions. The simulation results show that when the water content is the same and the flow velocity is between 0.0059 m s−1 and 0.059 m s−1, the temperature of the probe decreases with the flow velocity increasing, and the temperature of the probe increases with the flow velocity decreasing. At the same flow rate and water content between 0% and 100%, the higher the water content, the lower the temperature of the speed-measuring probe, and the smaller the water content, the higher the temperature of the speed-measuring probe. The simulation results show that thermal flowmeter can be competent for flow detection of low production fluid and low flow well, which provides the basis for the detection method of low production fluid in the future and lays the foundation for the design of thermal flowmeter.
Differential tolerance to heat stress of young leaves compared to mature leaves of whole plants relate to differential transcriptomes involved in metabolic adaptations to stress
Authors: Xiang Qingyuan , Rathinasabapathi Bala 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants respond to heat shock by regulating gene expression. While transcriptomic changes in response to heat stress are well studied, it is not known whether young and old leaves reprogram transcription differently upon stress. When whole plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected to heat shock, young leaves were affected significantly less than older leaves based on measurements of tissue damage. To identify quantitative changes to transcriptomes between young and old leaves upon heat stress, we used RNA sequencing on young and old leaves from plants exposed to control and heat stress at 42 °C for 1 h and 10 h. A total of 6472 differentially expressed genes between young and old leaf were identified under control condition, and 9126 and 6891 under 1 h and 10 h heat stress, respectively. Analyses of differentially expressed transcripts led to the identification of multiple functional clusters of genes that may have potential roles in the increased heat tolerance of young leaves including higher level of expression in young leaves of genes encoding chaperones, heat shock proteins and proteins known in oxidative stress resistance. Differential levels of transcripts for genes implicated in pectin metabolism, cutin and wax biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cellulose degradation, indole glucosinolate metabolism and RNA splicing between young and old leaves under heat stress suggest that cell wall remodelling, cuticular wax synthesis and carbohydrate modifications impacted by alternative splicing may also have roles in the improved heat stress tolerance of young leaves.
A Machine Learning Approach to Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Christensen Kim , Siggaard Mathias , Veliyev Bezirgen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe inspect how accurate machine learning (ML) is at forecasting realized variance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index constituents. We compare several ML algorithms, including regularization, regression trees, and neural networks, to multiple heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models. ML is implemented with minimal hyperparameter tuning. In spite of this, ML is competitive and beats the HAR lineage, even when the only predictors are the daily, weekly, and monthly lags of realized variance. The forecast gains are more pronounced at longer horizons. We attribute this to higher persistence in the ML models, which helps to approximate the long memory of realized variance. ML also excels at locating incremental information about future volatility from additional predictors. Lastly, we propose an ML measure of variable importance based on accumulated local effects. This shows that while there is agreement about the most important predictors, there is disagreement on their ranking, helping to reconcile our results.
Now is it time to implement spacers in cervical cancer brachytherapy?
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Okuma Kae , Kato Tomoyasu , Igaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although the international study on MRI-guided brachytherapy in cervical cancer (EMBRACE-I) demonstrated excellent local control regardless of the T stage, up to 14.6% of grade 3–5 late radiation-related toxicities were observed, which is unacceptable. While the efficacy of hydrogel spacers has been established in prostate radiotherapy, its implementation speed in cervical cancer brachytherapy is relatively slow, despite the fact that several articles have reported its efficacy in cervical cancer brachytherapy. The authors believe that using a spacer in cervical cancer brachytherapy and brachytherapy for other gynecologic malignancies will reduce late radiation-related toxicity and improve patients’ quality of life; therefore, its rapid implementation is required.
Unraveling host–microbe interactions and ecosystem functions in moss–bacteria symbioses
Authors: Alvarenga Danillo O , Rousk Kathrin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mosses are non-vascular plants usually found in moist and shaded areas, with great ecological importance in several ecosystems. This is especially true in northern latitudes, where mosses are responsible for up to 100% of primary production in some ecosystems. Mosses establish symbiotic associations with unique bacteria that play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. For instance, in boreal environments, more than 35% of the nitrogen fixed by diazotrophic symbionts in peatlands is transferred to mosses, directly affecting carbon fixation by the hosts, while moss-associated methanotrophic bacteria contribute 10–30% of moss carbon. Further, half of ecosystem N input may derive from moss–cyanobacteria associations in pristine ecosystems. Moss–bacteria interactions have consequences on a global scale since northern environments sequester 20% of all the carbon generated by forests in the world and stock at least 32% of global terrestrial carbon. Different moss hosts influence bacteria in distinct ways, which suggests that threats to mosses also threaten unique microbial communities with important ecological and biogeochemical consequences. Since their origin ~500 Ma, mosses have interacted with bacteria, making these associations ideal models for understanding the evolution of plant–microbe associations and their contribution to biogeochemical cycles.