bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Bayesian network discovery with latent variables by scoring multiple interventions
Authors: Chobtham Kiattikun , Constantinou Anthony C. , Kitson Neville K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Bayesian Networks (BNs), the direction of edges is crucial for causal reasoning and inference. However, Markov equivalence class considerations mean it is not always possible to establish edge orientations, which is why many BN structure learning algorithms cannot orientate all edges from purely observational data. Moreover, latent confounders can lead to false positive edges. Relatively few methods have been proposed to address these issues. In this work, we present the hybrid mFGS-BS (majority rule and Fast Greedy equivalence Search with Bayesian Scoring) algorithm for structure learning from discrete data that involves an observational data set and one or more interventional data sets. The algorithm assumes causal insufficiency in the presence of latent variables and produces a Partial Ancestral Graph (PAG). Structure learning relies on a hybrid approach and a novel Bayesian scoring paradigm that calculates the posterior probability of each directed edge being added to the learnt graph. Experimental results based on well-known networks of up to 109 variables and 10 k sample size show that mFGS-BS improves structure learning accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art and it is computationally efficient.
Does updating education curricula accelerate technology adoption in the workplace? Evidence from dual vocational education and training curricula in Switzerland
Authors: Schultheiss Tobias , Backes-Gellner Uschi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn an environment of accelerating technological change and increasing digitalization, firms need to adopt new technologies faster than ever before to stay competitive. This paper examines whether updates of education curricula help to bring new technologies faster into firms’ workplaces. We study technology changes and curriculum updates from an early wave of digitalization (i.e., computer-numerically controlled machinery, computer-aided design, and desktop publishing software). We take a text-as-data approach and tap into two novel data sources to measure change in educational content and the use of technology at the workplace: first, vocational education curricula and, second, firms’ job advertisements. To examine the causal effects of adding new technology skills to curricula on the diffusion of these technologies in firms’ workplaces (measured by job advertisements), we use an event study design. Our results show that curriculum updates substantially shorten the time it takes for new technologies to arrive in firms’ workplaces, especially for mainstream firms.
Ecological synthesis of nickel–zinc–aluminium layered double hydroxides (Ni–Zn–Al LDH) in flow infrared radiated agitated tubular reactor (flow-IR-ATR)
Authors: Długosz Olga , Banach Marcin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe yield of obtaining layered double hydroxides (LDHs) remains a significant challenge that limits their practical use on a large scale. The use of flow processes is an innovative approach to solving the problem. This paper describes a method for obtaining LDH nanoparticles using an agitated tube reactor heated by infrared radiation (flow-IR-ATR). As a dedicated reactor for production of LDH nanoparticles, it is able to synthesise products at a flow rate of 1.8 dm3/h and a yield of 40 g/h. In the process, LDH NPs based on zinc–aluminium hydroxides (Zn–Al LDH) and LDH NPs modified with nickel hydroxide (Ni–Zn–Al LDH), with molar ratio of Ni to Zn 0.5, were obtained. Instrumental analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, DLS, BET, XPS) were used to characterise the LDH nanoparticles obtained, which showed crystallite sizes from 9 to 35 nm. The nickel-containing LDHs exhibited high photocatalytic activity. After 60 min, in the presence of UV radiation (365 nm), the photodegradation efficiency of quinoline yellow (dye concentration of 100 mg/dm3) was more than 99.9%.
Graphical Abstract
Can you See What We See? African American Parents’ Views of the Strengths and Challenges of Children and Youth Living with Adversity
Authors: Barbarin Oscar A. , Copeland-Linder Nikeea , Wagner Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A premise of positive youth development is that social competencies can develop in adversity and co-exist with problem behaviors. This research tested whether African American youth ages 9–17 who had experienced significant family stressors would form groups that displayed combinations of adversity, problem behavior, and strengths. Parents of a nationally representative sample of African Americans children were interviewed on child difficulties and strengths as part of the CDC’s 2019 National Health Interview Survey. About 15% of the national sample of African American youth had experienced violence or parental incarceration, depression, or drug abuse. Latent class analysis (LCA) using indicators of adversity and strengths identified four distinct classes. Class 1 included youth who experienced multiple adversities, exhibited few strengths, and were high in behavior problems. Members of both classes 2 and 3 were more likely to experience parental incarceration but exhibited altruism. Class 3 also experienced parental mental health problems. Members of class 4 had the highest exposure to violence but were comparatively high in altruism and affability. Regression analysis revealed that the groups differed from one another on emotional health but not on physical health controlling for age and gender. These findings support a focus by mental health prevention programs on building on the strengths of children growing up in adversity.
What Features Distinguish the Rural Nongovernmental Organisations that Implement Social Innovations? Evidence from Postcommunist Poland
Authors: Zajda Katarzyna Karolina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial innovation (SI) solves social problems. What features distinguish NGOs that are experienced in implementing SI? This article employs a survey of a representative sample of 400 rural NGOs from Poland to highlight certain features that distinguish NGOs with experience implementing SI among the following: (1) cooperation with other organisations and public institutions; (2) the involvement of rural inhabitants in activities intended to solve their social problems; and (3) human and financial resources. NGOs implementing SI are distinguished by features (1) and (3). The results are interpreted in the context of rural NGO activities in the postcommunist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
The Meaning of Stigma About Illegal Drug Use and Its Contribution to Public Policymaking in Colombia
Authors: Tirado-Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Castaño-Perez Guillermo Alonso , Yepes-Delgado Carlos Enrique 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to understand the meaning of the stigma about illegal drug consumption and its contribution to public policymaking in Colombia from the perspective of experts on this topic. Research was carried out based on the methodological perspective of the grounded theory. Twenty participants with extensive experience in the design of regulations, plans, or programs about demand reduction in Colombia were interviewed, using tools such as in-depth interviews and analytical memos. The analysis was performed by means of open, axial, and selective coding techniques and the development of a conditional/consequential matrix. The findings are presented according to the structure of the pattern matrix to show the social process found and include (a) the phenomenon, the fear of being stigmatized as a promoter of more liberal public policies; (b) the context, the Colombia’s history and the policymaking to reduce drug consumption; (c) the conditions, control of governance by influential groups in power; and (d) the strategies to address it, prioritize less sensitive issues, and the consequences, formulation of repressive public policies with the impact on the rights of people who use drugs. From the perspective of the interviewees, the fear of being stigmatized as promoters of more liberal public policies and contrary to the expectations of the social and power classes leads the rulers to have a low-profile discourse on this subject so as not to assume the costs politicians that this fact would imply.
Methodik und Interpretation retrospektiver vergleichender Krankenkassendatenstudien: Analyse von Patientendaten in einem Fallbeispiel (Teil 2)
Authors: Wilke Thomas , Müller Sabrina , Ghiani Marco , Maywald Ulf 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vergleichende Krankenkassendatenstudien können wichtige Evidenz zur Bewertung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Therapien in der Versorgungspraxis generieren. Ihre Interpretation ist jedoch angesichts methodischer Unsicherheiten herausfordernd.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, auf Basis einer erarbeiteten Systematik für die Methodik von vergleichenden Krankenkassendatenstudien (separater Teil 1) den Einfluss spezifischer methodischer Annahmen und Entscheidungen exemplarisch an einem Beispiel zu erläutern.

Material und Methoden
Verschiedene methodische Optionen wurden für Patienten mit prävalenter Colitis ulcerosa (CU), die eine Therapie mit Vedolizumab vs. Adalimumab starteten, analysiert. Verwendet wurden Daten der AOK PLUS. Verglichen wurde ein „composite endpoint“ (CEP), bestehend aus CU-bezogenen Hospitalisierungen und Operationen, Kortikosteroidverschreibungen, Therapiebeendigung sowie -switch.

Ergebnisse
In der Analyse wurde deutlich, dass spezifische Annahmen in den dargestellten 7 methodischen Dimensionen einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse einer Studie sowie deren interne und externe Validität haben. Im Beispiel zeigte sich, dass bei Analyse des CEP Vedolizumab eine höhere Wirksamkeit als Adalimumab aufwies.

Schlussfolgerungen
Publikationen zu vergleichenden Krankenkassendatenstudien sollten transparent die getroffenen Annahmen in den 7 genannten Dimensionen darstellen und begründen, warum entsprechende Annahmen getroffen wurden.
Mensch – Technik – Welt
Authors: Krings Bettina-Johanna , Hausstein Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Programm der Digitalisierung steht in aktuellen Debatten für die Vision zukünftiger moderner Gesellschaften schlechthin. Nicht nur in der Arbeitswelt gilt die Einführung digitaler Technologien als wegweisend für umfassende Transformationsprozesse, auch in alltagsweltlichen sozialen Kontexten wird Digitalisierung zum Treiber für umfassende soziale Wandlungsprozesse herangezogen. Soziale Entwicklungen werden hierbei weitgehend an diese technischen Visionen gekoppelt. So werden zwar die alten (neuen) Fragen an diese Entwicklungen gestellt, diese verbleiben jedoch oft in den Vorstellungen traditioneller Fortschrittsdynamiken von Technik und Gesellschaft. Dennoch sollten, so die Ausgangsprämisse des vorliegenden Beitrags, neue, kritische Perspektiven auf diese Transformationsdynamiken entwickelt werden. Ausgehend von der Theorie der Resonanz, die Hartmut Rosa im Jahr 2016 vorgelegt hat, schlagen die Autorinnen vor, diesen Theorieansatz als kritische Reflexion für das Dreiecksverhältnis Mensch-Technik-Welt fruchtbar zu machen. Dies wird exemplarisch für Digitalisierungsdynamiken in den Bereichen Arbeit und Alltag skizziert. Hierbei wird gezeigt, dass die Resonanztheorie einerseits den Blick für die individuellen Bezugnahmen auf digitale Anwendungen schärft, andererseits Perspektiven auf Bedürfnisse, Wünsche und Visionen der Individuen sichtbar macht und stärkt. An ausgewählten Beispielen wird dargestellt, wie die Resonanztheorie als eine neue kritische Perspektive auf Digitalisierungsprozesse unter der Leitidee einer Humanisierung der Digitalisierung in den Bereichen Arbeit und Alltag anschlussfähig gemacht werden kann.
The effect of management control systems in managing the unknown: Does the market appreciate the breadth of vision?
Authors: Gomez-Conde Jacobo , Lopez-Valeiras Ernesto , Rosa Fabricia Silva , Lunkes Rogério João 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine the extent to which broad-scope management control systems (MCS) mitigate the negative impact of a crisis with extreme uncertainty on investor and shareholder expectations and the potential role of boundary systems in this link. We use the COVID-19 pandemic as research setting to analyse this link and market value as a proxy for expectations. Our hypotheses are tested using a combination of survey and archival data from large organizations listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange, resulting in a panel of 6257 organization-week observations. Our main results are consistent with the hypotheses. We also conduct a series of sensitivity tests to check the robustness of our main findings. Our results remain significant across specifications: alternative identification strategy, or additional control variables. In an additional analysis, we also examine the role of lenders. Overall, we extend the scarce prior literature on the effectiveness of MCS under crisis management and provide new evidence for signaling theory, thus connecting both streams of literature. The COVID-19 pandemic provides an optimal context for researching this topic because, in contrast to past economic downturns or financial crises, it has required organizations across industries to adapt quickly and respond to new demands with unpredictable economic, behavioural, and societal consequences.
The Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 Inflammasome Signaling Stimulates in the Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Lipogenesis to Facilitate Membrane Lipid Raft Formation
Authors: Abdelbaset-Ismail Ahmed , Ciechanowicz Andrzej K. , Bujko Kamila , Ratajczak Janina , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Proliferation, metabolism, and migration of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are coordinated by receptors expressed on outer cell membranes that are integrated into microdomains, known as membrane lipid rafts (MLRs). These structures float freely in the cell membrane bilayer and are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids for their functional integrity. Receptors, if expressed in MLRs, have prolonged occupancy on the cell surface and enhanced signaling power. Based on this, we have become interested in the regulation of synthesis of MLRs components in HSPCs. To address this, we tested the effect of selected factors that promote proliferation or migration and their potential involvement in the synthesis of MLRs components in HSPCs. Based on our previous research showing that HSPCs from Nox2-KO and Nlrp3-KO mice display a profound defect in MLRs formation, we focused on the role of Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome in regulating lipogenesis in HSPCs. We found that while at steady state conditions, Nox2-derived ROS is required for a proper expression of enzymes regulating lipogenesis, during inflammation, this effect is augmented by Nlrp3 inflammasome. Thus, our data sheds new light on the regulation of lipogenesis in HSPCs and the involvement of the Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome axis that differently regulates lipogenesis at steady state conditions and in response to inflammation, modulating MLRs-mediated responsiveness of these cells to external stimuli.
Graphical Abstract
Children’s Personal Significance of Olfaction — the ChiPSO Questionnaire
Authors: Lohrer Elisabeth C. , Dworschak Annika , Croy Ilona , Gellrich Janine , Sabha Maha , Parisato Luca , Schriever Valentin A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction

The human sense of smell has different functions which can be categorized as “food,” “social,” and “environment.” Different questionnaires about the importance of olfaction in adults are available, but little attention has been paid to children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to develop a questionnaire about children’s personal significance of olfaction (ChiPSO).

Methods
The questionnaire was developed in two steps. The first questionnaire included 33 statements about the importance of olfactory information in daily life — covering three subscales “food,” “environment,” and “social” administered to 191 participants (mean age: 14.4 ± 1.7 years). The five best fitting items of each subscale were chosen for the final 15-item questionnaire. In the second part, we administered the developed questionnaire to 208 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.5 ± 3.5 years) who additionally underwent olfactory testing to investigate the association between olfactory function and questionnaire results. Participants were separated in two age groups: (i) 6–11 years (children), (ii) 12–17 years (adolescents).

Results
A significant influence of age on the total ChiPSO score and all three subscales with adolescents scoring higher than children was found. Additionally, there was a significant influence of sex in adolescents on total ChiPSO score and subscales “social” and “food” with girls scoring higher than boys.

Conclusion
We report an association between questionnaires results and olfactory performance. Additionally, olfactory information seems to be more important to adolescents compared to children and girls compared to boys.

Implications
The ChiPSO questionnaire is a practical tool to evaluate the importance of olfactory information in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years.
Theory-based approach for assessing cognitive load during time-critical resource-managing human–computer interactions: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Sevcenko Natalia , Appel Tobias , Ninaus Manuel , Moeller Korbinian , Gerjets Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComputerized systems are taking on increasingly complex tasks. Consequently, monitoring automated computerized systems is becoming increasingly demanding for human operators, which is particularly relevant in time-critical situations. A possible solution might be adapting human–computer interfaces (HCI) to the operators’ cognitive load. Here, we present a novel approach for theory-based measurement of cognitive load based on tracking eye movements of 42 participants while playing a serious game simulating time-critical situations that required resource management at different levels of difficulty. Gaze data was collected within narrow time periods, calculated based on log data interpreted in the light of the time-based resource-sharing model. Our results indicated that eye fixation frequency, saccadic rate, and pupil diameter significantly predicted task difficulty, while performance was best predicted by eye fixation frequency. Subjectively perceived cognitive load was significantly associated with the rate of microsaccades. Moreover our results indicated that more successful players tended to use breaks in gameplay to actively monitor the scene, while players who use these times to rest are more likely to fail the level. The presented approach seems promising for measuring cognitive load in realistic situations, considering adaptation of HCI.
Martensite Fractions Measured by XRD on Fracture Surfaces of Austenitic Stainless Steels Tensile Tested in Gaseous Helium and Hydrogen
Authors: Berreth Karl , Michler Thorsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough martensitic transformation is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain hydrogen effects in austenitic stainless steels, the formation of a second phase upon straining results in local strain incompatibilities within the microstructure which can result in hydrogen assisted crack initiation. The fraction of α’-martensite on fracture surfaces of ten commercial austenitic stainless steels of different austenite stability was measured by quantitative x-ray diffraction (XRD). The main results are: (1) for a given steel, martensite contents on fracture surfaces of specimens tested in helium were higher compared to those tested in hydrogen and (2) tensile reduction in area of the specimens tested in hydrogen decreases with increasing martensite content on the fracture surface.
Using entrustable professional activities to better prepare students for their
postgraduatemedical training: A medical student’s perspective
Authors: Kuehl Sarah E. , Spicer Jennifer O. 
Published: November 2022

The problem Medical students graduate underprepared for postgraduate medical
training despite years of classroom and clinical training. In this article, a medical
student shares her personal perspectives on three factors contributing to this problem
in undergraduate medical education: students’ peripheral roles in the clinical
environment impede learning, students receive inadequate feedback, and assessments do
not measure desired learning outcomes. A solution The authors describe how using
entrustable professional activities (EPAs) could address these issues and promote
students’ clinical engagement by clarifying their roles, providing them with frequent
and actionable feedback, and aligning their assessments with authentic work. These
factors combined with grading schemes rewarding improvement could contribute to a growth
mindset that reprioritizes clinical skill acquisition. The authors explore how medical
schools have begun implementing the EPA framework, highlight insights from these
efforts, and describe barriers that must be addressed. The future Incorporating
EPAs into medical school curricula could better prepare students for postgraduate
training while also alleviating issues that contribute to student burnout by defining
students’ roles, improving feedback, and aligning assessments with desired learning
outcomes.
A Programmable Inchworm-Inspired Soft Robot Powered by a Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Shen Honglin , Cai Shuxiang , Wang Zhen , Yuan Zheng , Yu Haibo , Yang Wenguang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the growing demand for miniaturized workspaces, the demand for microrobots has been increasing in robotics research. Compared to traditional rigid robots, soft robots have better robustness and safety. With a flexible structure, soft robots can undergo large deformations and achieve a variety of motion states. Researchers are working to design and fabricate flexible robots based on biomimetic principles, using magnetic fields for cable-free actuation. In this study, we propose an inchworm-shaped soft robot driven by a magnetic field. First, a robot is designed and fabricated and force analysis is performed. Then, factors affecting the soft robot’s motion speed are examined, including the spacing between the magnets and the strength and frequency of the magnetic field. On this basis, the motion characteristics of the robot in different shapes are explored, and its motion modes such as climbing are experimentally investigated. The results show that the motion of the robot can be controlled in a two-dimensional plane, and its movement speed can be controlled by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field and other factors. Our proposed soft robot is expected to find extensive applications in various fields.