bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room Temperature Lasing in GeSn Microdisks Enabled by Strain Engineering
Authors: Buca Dan , Bjelajac Andjelika , Spirito Davide , Concepción Omar , Gromovyi Maksym , Sakat Emilie , Lafosse Xavier , Ferlazzo Laurence , von den Driesch Nils , Ikonic Zoran , Grützmacher Detlev , Capellini Giovanni , El Kurdi Moustafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe success of GeSn alloys as active material for infrared lasers could pave the way toward a monolithic technology that can be manufactured within mainstream silicon photonics. Nonetheless, for operation on chip, lasing should occur at room temperature or beyond. Unfortunately, despite the intense research in recent years, many hurdles have yet to be overcome. An approach exploiting strain engineering to induce large tensile strain in micro‐disk made of GeSn alloy with Sn content of 14 at% is presented here. This method enables robust multimode laser emission at room temperature. Furthermore, tensile strain enables proper valence band engineering; as a result, over a large range of operating temperatures, lower lasing thresholds are observed compared to high Sn content GeSn lasers operating at similar wavelength.
Broadband BiOCl Nonlinear Saturable Absorber for Watt‐Level Passively Q‐Switched Yb:LuAG Single Crystal Fiber Laser
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Wang Ci , Zhang Jian , Wang Tao , Wang Anye , Wang Siyuan , Jia Zhitai , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang , van Smaalen Sander , Tao Xutang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of nonlinear optical (NLO) devices is limited to the mid‐infrared range due to the lack of broadband NLO response. As an indirect band gap semiconductor, BiOCl has a band gap of ≈3.3 eV. The special anisotropic lamellar structure makes it exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties; however, its NLO saturable absorption effect is rarely reported. In this study, the NLO response, optical properties, and applications of BiOCl crystals grown by chemical vapor phase transport method are studied in detail. The transmission spectrum indicates the BiOCl crystal has a broadband transparent region (0.4–11 µm). The saturable absorption of BiOCl is characterized by the Z‐scan method with 532 and 1030 nm pulsed lasers. With BiOCl as the saturable absorber (SA), watt‐level passively Q‐switched pulsed laser based on Yb:LuAG single crystal fiber (SCF) is realized. This is the first report of BiOCl as SA for passively Q‐switched all‐solid‐state pulsed laser, and the obtained average power is the highest value of passively Q‐switched SCF pulsed lasers reported so far. The high transmittance, high laser damage threshold, wideband NLO response, and environmental stability of BiOCl indicate that BiOCl crystal is a potential candidate for NLO applications.
Multiomic Analysis of Neurons with Divergent Projection Patterns Identifies Novel Regulators of Axon Pathfinding
Authors: Fernández‐Nogales Marta , López‐Cascales Maria Teresa , Murcia‐Belmonte Verónica , Escalante Augusto , Fernández‐Albert Jordi , Muñoz‐Viana Rafael , Barco Angel , Herrera Eloísa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAxon pathfinding is a key step in neural circuits formation. However, the transcriptional mechanisms regulating its progression remain poorly understood. The binary decision of crossing or avoiding the midline taken by some neuronal axons during development represents a robust model to investigate the mechanisms that control the selection of axonal trajectories. Here, to identify novel regulators of axon guidance, this work compares the transcriptome and chromatin occupancy profiles of two neuronal subpopulations, ipsilateral (iRGC) and contralateral retinal ganglion cells (cRGC), with similar functions but divergent axon trajectories. These analyses retrieved a number of genes encoding for proteins not previously implicated in axon pathfinding. In vivo functional experiments confirm the implication of some of these candidates in axonal navigation. Among the candidate genes, γ‐synuclein is identified as essential for inducing midline crossing. Footprint and luciferase assays demonstrate that this small‐sized protein is regulated by the transcription factor (TF) Pou4f1 in cRGCs. It is also shown that Lhx2/9 are specifically expressed in iRGCs and control a program that partially overlaps with that regulated by Zic2, previously described as essential for iRGC specification. Overall, the analyses identify dozens of new molecules potentially involved in axon guidance and reveal the regulatory logic behind the selection of axonal trajectories.
ER, Mitochondria, and ISR Regulation by mt‐HSP70 and ATF5 upon Procollagen Misfolding in Osteoblasts
Authors: Gorrell Laura , Makareeva Elena , Omari Shakib , Otsuru Satoru , Leikin Sergey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCellular response to protein misfolding underlies multiple diseases. Collagens are the most abundant vertebrate proteins, yet little is known about cellular response to misfolding of their procollagen precursors. Osteoblasts (OBs)—the cells that make bone—produce so much procollagen that it accounts for up to 40% of mRNAs in the cell, which is why bone bears the brunt of mutations causing procollagen misfolding in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The present study of a G610C mouse model of OI by multiple transcriptomic techniques provides first solid clues to how OBs respond to misfolded procollagen accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and how this response affects OB function. Surprisingly, misfolded procollagen escapes the quality control in the ER lumen and indirectly triggers the integrated stress response (ISR) through other cell compartments. In G610C OBs, the ISR is regulated by mitochondrial HSP70 (mt‐HSP70) and ATF5 instead of their BIP and ATF4 paralogues, which normally activate and regulate ISR to secretory protein misfolding in the ER. The involvement of mt‐HSP70 and ATF5 together with other transcriptomic findings suggest that mitochondria might initiate the ISR upon disruption of ER‐mitochondria connections or might respond to the ISR activated by a yet unknown sensor.
Versatile Nano‐PROTAC‐Induced Epigenetic Reader Degradation for Efficient Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huan‐Tian , Peng Rui , Chen Sheng , Shen Ao , Zhao Lixin , Tang Wang , Wang Xiao‐He , Li Zhen‐Yan , Zha Zhen‐Gang , Yi Mengmeng , Zhang Lingmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent evidence has indicated that overexpression of the epigenetic reader bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) contributes to a poor prognosis of lung cancers, and the suppression of its expression promotes cell apoptosis and leads to tumor shrinkage. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy with the capability to precisely degrade targeted proteins. Herein, a novel style of versatile nano‐PROTAC (CREATE (CRV‐LLC membrane/DS‐PLGA/dBET6)) is developed, which is constructed by using a pH/GSH (glutathione)‐responsive polymer (disulfide bond‐linked poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), DS‐PLGA) to load BRD4‐targeted PROTAC (dBET6), followed by the camouflage with engineered lung cancer cell membranes with dual targeting capability. Notably, CREATE remarkably confers simultaneous targeting ability to lung cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). The pH/GSH‐responsive design improves the release of dBET6 payload from nanoparticles to induce pronounced apoptosis of both cells, which synergistically inhibits tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor‐bearing mouse model. Furthermore, the efficient tumor inhibition is due to the direct elimination of lung cancer cells and TAMs, which remodels the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, the results elucidate the construction of a versatile nano‐PROTAC enables to eliminate both lung cancer cells and TAMs, which opens a new avenue for efficient lung cancer therapy via PROTAC.
Ultrastrong Hybrid Fibers with Tunable Macromolecular Interfaces of Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotube for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Kim Seo Gyun , Heo So Jeong , Kim Jeong‐Gil , Kim Sang One , Lee Dongju , Kim Minkook , Kim Nam Dong , Kim Dae‐Yoon , Hwang Jun Yeon , Chae Han Gi , Ku Bon‐Cheol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividual carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene have unique mechanical and electrical properties; however, the properties of their macroscopic assemblies have not met expectations because of limited physical dimensions, the limited degree of dispersion of the components, and various structural defects. Here, a state‐of‐the‐art assembly for a novel type of hybrid fiber possessing the properties required for a wide variety of multifunctional applications is presented. A simple and effective multidimensional nanostructure of CNT and graphene oxide (GO) assembled by solution processing improves the interfacial utilization of the components. Flexible GOs are effectively intercalated between nanotubes along the shape of CNTs, which reduces voids, enhances orientation, and maximizes the contact between elements. The microstructure is finely controlled by the elements content ratio and dimensions, and an optimal balance improves the mechanical properties. The hybrid fibers simultaneously exhibit exceptional strength (6.05 GPa), modulus (422 GPa), toughness (76.8 J g–1), electrical conductivity (8.43 MS m–1), and knot strength efficiency (92%). Furthermore, surface and electrochemical properties are significantly improved by tuning the GO content, further expanding the scope of applications. These hybrid fibers are expected to offer a strategy for overcoming the limitations of existing fibers in meeting the requirements for applications in the fiber industry.
Plastic/Ductile Bulk 2D van der Waals Single‐Crystalline SnSe2 for Flexible Thermoelectrics
Authors: Deng Tingting , Gao Zhiqiang , Qiu Pengfei , Wei Tian‐Ran , Xiao Jie , Wang Genshui , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe recently discovered ductile/plastic inorganic semiconductors pave a new avenue toward flexible thermoelectrics. However, the power factors of current ductile/plastic inorganic semiconductors are usually low (below 5 µW cm−1 K−2) as compared with classic brittle inorganic thermoelectric materials, which greatly limit the electrical output power for flexible thermoelectrics. Here, large plasticity and high power factor in bulk two‐dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) single‐crystalline SnSe2 are reported. SnSe2 crystals exhibit large plastic strains at room temperature and they can be morphed into various shapes without cracking, which is well captured by the inherent large deformability factor. As a semiconductor, the electrical transport properties of SnSe2 can be readily tuned in a wide range by doping a tiny amount of halogen elements. A high power factor of 10.8 µW cm−1 K−2 at 375 K along the in‐plane direction is achieved in plastic single‐crystalline Br‐doped SnSe2, which is the highest value among the reported flexible inorganic and organic thermoelectric materials. Combining the good plasticity, excellent power factors, as well as low‐cost and nontoxic elements, bulk 2D vdW single‐crystalline SnSe2 shows great promise to achieve high power density for flexible thermoelectrics.
Surface‐Enforced Alignment of Reprogrammable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Hebner Tayler S. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Anseth Kristi S. , Bowman Christopher N. , White Timothy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli‐responsive materials capable of undergoing large deformations. The thermomechanical response of LCEs is attributable to the coupling of polymer network properties and disruption of order between liquid crystalline mesogens. Complex deformations have been realized in LCEs by either programming the nematic director via surface‐enforced alignment or localized mechanical deformation in materials incorporating dynamic covalent chemistries. Here, the preparation of LCEs via thiol‐Michael addition reaction is reported that are amenable to surface‐enforced alignment. Afforded by the thiol‐Michael addition reaction, dynamic covalent bonds are uniquely incorporated in chemistries subject to surface‐enforce alignment. Accordingly, LCEs prepared with complex director profiles are able to be programmed and reprogrammed by (re)activating the dynamic covalent chemistry to realize distinctive shape transformations.
Manipulating Charge Transfer and Transport via Intermediary Electron Acceptor Channels Enables 19.3% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhan Lingling , Li Shuixing , Li Yaokai , Sun Rui , Min Jie , Chen Yiyao , Fang Jin , Ma Chang‐Qi , Zhou Guanqing , Zhu Haiming , Zuo Lijian , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBalancing and improving the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc) synergistically has always been the critical point for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to achieve high efficiencies. Here, this work adopts a ternary strategy to regulate the trade‐off between Voc and Jsc by combining the symmetric‐asymmetric non‐fullerene acceptors that differ at terminals and alkyl side chains to build the ternary OPV (TOPV). It is noticed that the reduced energy disorder and the enhanced luminescence efficiency of TOPV enable a mitigated energy loss and a higher Voc. Meanwhile, the third component, which is distributed at the host donor–acceptor interface, acts as the charge transport channel. The prolonged exciton lifetime, the boosted charge mobility, and the depressed charge recombination promote the TOPV to obtain an improved Jsc. Finally, with synergistically improved Voc and Jsc, the TOPV delivers an optimal efficiency of 19.26% (certified as 19.12%), representing one of the highest values reported so far.
Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopic Studies of Mg2+ Storage Mechanisms in High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries with Co‐Doped FeS2 Cathodes
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Yue , Zhu Dong , Li Zhao , Sun Fengzhan , Zhu Wen , Chen Yu , Zhang Jichao , Ren Li , Zhang Saihang , Zou Jianxin , Laine Richard M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are one of the more promising future energy storage systems. This work proposes a non‐nucleophilic phenolate‐based magnesium complex (PMC) electrolyte enabling reversible Mg stripping/plating with a low over‐potential of 84.3 mV at 1 mA cm–2. Subsequently, Co doping is introduced to prepare FeS2, Fe0.9Co0.1S2, Fe0.75Co0.25S2 and Fe0.5Co0.5S2. Multiple characterizations confirm that Co doping can expand the crystal lattice and reduce particle sizes, thus benefiting cathode reactions. With Co doping, Fe orbitals can be expected to transform from high spin to low spin states without valence changes while the spin state of Co atoms is little influenced. Then, Co‐doped FeS2 cathodes coated on copper collectors coupling with a PMC electrolyte for RMBs show superior electrochemical performance among reported chalcogenide cathodes, displaying a maximum discharge capacity (700 mAh g–1) at 0.1 A g–1. Specifically, Fe0.5Co0.5S2 cathodes exhibit the best cycling stability and shortest activation time. Even at 1 A g–1, a discharge capacity (164 mAh g–1) is still achieved after 1000 cycles. Mechanistic studies indicate that copper collector participates in the cathode reactions accompanied by Cu1.8S generation while Fe and Co species play a synergistic catalytic role, providing effective tactics for rational design of electrolytes, conversion type cathodes, and collectors.
Enhancing the Dendrite Tolerance of NaSICON Electrolytes by Suppressing Edge Growth of Na Electrode along Ceramic Surface
Authors: Ma Qianli , Ortmann Till , Yang Aikai , Sebold Doris , Burkhardt Simon , Rohnke Marcus , Tietz Frank , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina , Janek Jürgen , Guillon Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid‐state sodium batteries (SSNBs) have attracted extensive interest due to their high safety on the cell level, abundant material resources, and low cost. One of the major challenges in the development of SSNBs is the suppression of sodium dendrites during electrochemical cycling. The solid electrolyte Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 (NZSP) exhibits one of the best dendrite tolerances of all reported solid electrolytes (SEs), while it also shows interesting dendrite growth along the surface of NZSP rather than through the ceramic. Operando investigations and in situ scanning electron microscopy microelectrode experiments are conducted to reveal the Na plating mechanism. By blocking the surface from atmosphere access with a sodium‐salt coating, surface‐dendrite formation is prevented. The dendrite tolerance of Na | NZSP | Na symmetric cells is then increased to a critical current density (CCD) of 14 mA cm−2 and galvanostatic cycling of 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 (half cycle) is demonstrated for more than 1000 h. Even if the current density is increased to 3 mA cm−2 or 5 mA cm−2, symmetric cells can still be operated for 180 h or 12 h, respectively.
Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Properties of Theoretically Predicted Water‐Splitting Catalysts for Effective Materials Discovery
Authors: Katzbaer Rowan R. , Theibault Monica J. , Kirchner‐Hall Nicole E. , Mao Zhiqiang , Dabo Ismaila , Abruña Héctor D. , Schaak Raymond E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractData‐intensive discovery of water‐splitting catalysts can accelerate the development of sustainable energy technologies, such as the photocatalytic and/or electrocatalytic production of renewable hydrogen fuel. Through computational screening, 13 materials were recently predicted as potential water‐splitting photocatalysts: Cu3NbS4, CuYS2, SrCu2O2, CuGaO2, Na3BiO4, Sr2PbO4, LaCuOS, LaCuOSe, Na2TeO4, La4O4Se3, Cu2WS4, BaCu2O2, and CuAlO2. Herein, these materials are synthesized, their bandgaps and band alignments are experimentally determined, and their photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties are assessed. Using cyclic voltammetry and chopped illumination experiments, 9 of the 13 materials are experimentally found to have bandgaps and band alignments that straddle the potentials required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as computationally predicted. During photocatalytic testing, 12 of the materials yield a measurable photocurrent. However, only three are found to be active for the HER, with Cu3NbS4, CuYS2, and Cu2WS4 producing H2 in amounts comparable to bare TiO2; a benchmark photocatalyst. This study provides experimental validation of computational bandgap and band alignment predictions while also successfully identifying active photocatalysts.
Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions by In Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy
Authors: Cheng Han‐Wen , Wang Shan , Chen Guanyu , Liu Zhengwang , Caracciolo Dominic , Madiou Merry , Shan Shiyao , Zhang Jincang , He Heyong , Che Renchao , Zhong Chuan‐Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe advancement of clean energy and environment depends strongly on the development of efficient catalysts in a wide range of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, which has benefited from transmission electron microscopic techniques in determining the atomic‐scale morphologies and structures. However, it is the morphology and structure under the catalytic reaction conditions that determine the performance of the catalyst, which has captured a surge of interest in developing and applying in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques in heterogeneous catalysis. The major theme of this review is to highlight some of the most recent insights into heterogeneous catalysts under the relevant reaction conditions using in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques. Rather than a comprehensive overview of the basic principles of in situ/operando techniques, this review focuses on the insights into the atomic‐scale/nanoscale details of various catalysts ranging from single‐component to multicomponent catalysts under heterogeneous catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic reaction conditions involving both gas–solid and liquid–solid interfaces. This focus is coupled with discussions of the correlation of the atomic, molecular, and nanoscale morphology, composition, and structure with the catalytic properties under the reaction conditions, shining light on the challenges and opportunities in design of nanostructured catalysts for clean and sustainable energy applications.
In‐Liquid Plasma Modified Nickel Foam: NiOOH/NiFeOOH Active Site Multiplication for Electrocatalytic Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Water Oxidation
Authors: Hausmann Jan Niklas , Menezes Pramod V. , Vijaykumar Gonela , Laun Konstantin , Diemant Thomas , Zebger Ingo , Jacob Timo , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the value‐added oxidation of renewable organic substrates are critical to supply electrons and protons for the synthesis of sustainable fuels. To meet industrial requirements, new methods for a simple, fast, environmental‐friendly and cheap synthesis of robust, self‐supported and high surface area electrodes are required. Herein, a novel in‐liquid plasma (plasma electrolysis) approach for the growth of hierarchical nanostructures on nickel foam is reported on. Under morphology retention, iron can be doped into this high surface area electrode. For the oxidation of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural and benzyl alcohol, the iron‐free, plasma‐treated electrode is more suitable reaching current densities up to 800 mA cm−2 with Faradaic efficiencies above 95%. For the OER, the iron‐doped nickel foam electrode reaches the industrially relevant current density of 500 mA cm−2 at 1.473 ± 0.013 VRHE (60 °C) and shows no activity decrease over 140 h. The different effects of iron doping are rationalized using methanol probing and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the intrinsic activity is separated from the number of active sites, and, for the organic oxidation reactions, diffusion limitations are revealed. The authors anticipate that the plasma modified nickel foam will be suitable for various (electro)catalytic processes.
Efficient Ammonia Production Beginning from Enhanced Air Activation
Authors: Meng Zhe , Yao Jia‐Xin , Sun Chang‐Ning , Kang Xia , Gao Rui , Li Hong‐Rui , Bi Bo , Zhu Yong‐Fu , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmmonia is considered to be a next‐generation clean energy carrier, and thus the green synthesis of NH3 is of great importance. In this work, non‐thermal plasma oxidation is combined with electroreduction to achieve an efficient two‐step NH3 synthesis. A Ti bubbler is introduced in the first step of plasma activation of air to effectively produce nitrate/nitrite (NOx−) in an absorption solution, and the production rate achieves the highest value of 55.29 mmol h−1; the obtained NOx− aqueous solution is directly employed as catholyte for the second step of electroreduction with oxygen vacancy‐rich Co3O4 nanoparticles as the catalyst. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies endows their adjacent Co atoms with improved activity, which promotes adsorption and hydrogenation of NOx−, meanwhile suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction. Thus the oxygen vacancy‐rich Co3O4 NPs present a significant NH3 production rate of 39.60 mg h−1 cm−2, high Faradaic efficiency of 96.08% and a large current density (376.48 mA cm−2), outperforming the previously reported ones including N2 or NOx− electroreduction.