bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal hsa_circRNA_047733 integrated with clinical features for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis risk in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Qingrong , Chen Yujia , Lin Lisong , Lin Jing , Wang Huiying , Qiu Yu , Pan Lizhen , Zheng Xiaoyan , Wei Lihong , Wang Jing , Liu Fengqiong , He Baochang , Chen Fa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate whether exosomal circRNAs could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for the accurate preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.MethodsA combinative strategy of exosomal circRNAs microarray and qRT‐PCR verification was employed to dig LNM‐related circRNA signatures. Then, a dynamic nomogram was developed based on candidate circRNAs and preoperative clinical features and the calibration, discrimination, and clinical use of the nomogram were evaluated.ResultsAccording to the microarray, three circRNAs derived from the tumor were associated with preoperative LNM risk, including hsa_circRNA_047733, hsa_circRNA_024144 and hsa_circRNA_403472. The hsa_circRNA_047733 was further verified to be significantly downregulated in patients with LNM (+) as compared with those with LNM (−) (p = 0.007). Patients with the higher expression of hsa_circRNA_047733 showed a lower risk of LNM (multivariate‐adjusted OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.06–0.83). The bioinformatics prediction showed that hsa_circRNA_047733 might sponge miR‐4464/miR‐4748 to regulate RPS21 expression. A dynamic nomogram integrating exosomal hsa_circRNA_047733 with five clinicopathological characteristics (tumor site, leukocyte level, maximum tumor diameter, and LNM reported by MRI and preoperative biopsy differentiation) was developed. The model displayed an excellent discrimination ability (AUC = 0.868, 95%CI: 0.781–0.955) and great calibration. The decision curve revealed a higher net benefit superior to the baseline model at an 80% threshold probability.ConclusionThe data provide preliminary evidence that exosomal hsa_circRNA_047733 might be a novel biomarker for the LNM of OSCC. The hsa_circRNA_047733‐based dynamic nomogram could serve as a convenient preoperative assessment tool to predict the risk of LNM for OSCC patients.
Oral epithelium response of electronic cigarette users to electronic cigarette
Authors: Reeve Gwendolyn S. , Rostami Mahboubeh R. , Reich Renee F. , Behrman David A. , Leopold Philip L. , Crystal Ronald G. , Strulovici‐Barel Yael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectronic cigarettes are increasing in popularity, but there is only little information on their biologic effects on the oral epithelium, the initial site exposed to electronic cigarette smoke.MethodsWe assessed the oral epithelium response to electronic cigarettes by comparing the histology and RNA transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) of healthy electronic cigarette vapers to nonsmokers. mRNA was assessed based on: (1) genome‐wide; (2) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers versus nonsmokers; (3) immune and inflammatory‐related genes previously identified as dysregulated in the nasal epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers compared to nonsmokers; (4) genes previously identified as dysregulated in the small airway epithelium of nonsmokers following an acute exposure to electronic cigarette; and (5) genes related to the initial steps of COVID‐19 infection. In addition, miRNA was assessed genome‐wide. Comparisons were performed using analysis of variance, and Benajmini–Hochberg correctedp < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe histology of the epithelium, lamina propria and basal layer in electronic cigarette vapers appeared normal. Assessment of mRNA and miRNA, based on all gene lists, did not identify any genes significantly modified in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette vapers in response to electronic cigarette use.ConclusionAn average history of 2 years of vaping results in no detectable histologic or transcriptome abnormalities in the buccal mucosa.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of fissure sealants for caries prevention in children
Authors: Egil Edibe , Yaylali Emine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of resin‐based and glass ionomer‐based fissure sealants compared with no intervention for children.MethodsWe developed a Markov‐based decision analytic model that simulated Turkish children from aged 6 to 15 years. Two types of costs were explored from the payers' perspective and the health care system perspectives. A cost‐effectiveness analysis of resin‐based and glass ionomer‐based fissure sealants was conducted to quantify their effectiveness using the number of caries prevented and the quality‐adjusted tooth years (QATYs). Costs and effectiveness measures were discounted at 3% per year.ResultsThe most cost‐effective intervention was resin‐based fissure sealant, with an additional $5.34 per caries prevented and $1.86 per QATY gained compared with no treatment.ConclusionFissure sealants particularly resin‐based sealants are cost‐effective for children in Turkey due to their low cost and highly preventive characteristics.
A phase 2, open‐label, randomized, multiple‐dose study evaluating Inarigivir in treatment‐naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yuen Man‐Fung , Chen Chi‐Yi , Liu Chun‐Jen , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Elkhashab Magdy , Coffin Carla S. , Kim Won , Greenbloom Susan , Ramji Alnoor , Lim Young S. , Kim Yoon J. , Fung Scott K. , Kim Dong J. , Jang Jeong‐Won , Lee Kwan Sik , Iyer Radhakrishnan P. , Macfarlane Chelsea , Jackson Kathy , Locarnini Stephen A. , Chan Henry L. Y. , Afdhal Nezam H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsNovel agents acting against hepatitis B virus (HBV) are needed to improve HBsAg seroclearance or termed as ‘functional cure’. Inarigivir (retinoic acid‐inducible gene I agonist) has immunomodulatory and direct antiviral actions against HBV. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of Inarigivir for the treatment of HBV infection.Patients/Methods80 treatment‐naïve patients were randomized in 4 ascending dose cohorts to receive 12 weeks of Inarigivir 25, 50, 100, 200 mg or placebo in a ratio of 4:1. All patients were then given tenofovir for another 12 weeks.ResultsLeast squares (LS) mean reductions in HBV DNA from baseline increased with higher doses of Inarigivir (0.6116 in 25 mg and 1.5774 in 200 mg groups vs. 0.0352 in placebo group) (95% CI 0.9518–0.2011 and 1.921–1.1634 respectively). LS mean changes in HBV RNA and HBsAg from baseline ranged from −0.3856 to −0.5794 versus −0.1474 and −0.0956 to −0.1818 versus +0.0026 in Inarigivir‐treated versus placebo groups respectively. During the tenofovir‐treated period, LS mean reductions in HBsAg in the Inarigivir‐treated groups ranged from 0.1709 to 0.3529 versus 0.1984 in the placebo group. Inarigivir‐treated groups showed mean reductions in ALT from baseline between 23.3 and 33.8 versus 0.7 U/L in the placebo group. Treatment‐emergent adverse events related to Inarigivir and placebo occurred in 4.7% and 6.3% patients respectively.ConclusionsTwelve‐week Inarigivir up to 200 mg dose was associated with a reduction of HBV DNA, HBV RNA and antigen levels. A trend for greater HBsAg reduction was observed in Inarigivir pre‐treated patients after switching to tenofovir.
Common microgeographical selection patterns revealed in four European conifers
Authors: Scotti Ivan , Lalagüe Hadrien , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Scotti‐Saintagne Caroline , Ruiz Daniels Rose , Grivet Delphine , Lefevre François , Cubry Philippe , Fady Bruno , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Roig Anne , Lesur‐Kupin Isabelle , Bagnoli Francesca , Guerin Vanina , Plomion Christophe , Rozenberg Philippe , Vendramin Giovanni G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrogeographical adaptation occurs when the effects of directional selection persist despite gene flow. Traits and genetic loci under selection can then show adaptive divergence, against the backdrop of little differentiation at other traits or loci. How common such events are and how strong the selection is that underlies them remain open questions. Here, we discovered and analysed microgeographical patterns of genomic divergence in four European and Mediterranean conifers with widely differing life‐history traits and ecological requirements (Abies alba MIll., Cedrus atlantica [Endl.] Manetti, Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) by screening pairs from geographically close forest stands sampled along steep ecological gradients. We inferred patterns of genomic divergence by applying a combination of divergence outlier detection methods, demographic modelling, Approximate Bayesian Computation inferences and genomic annotation to genomic data. Surprisingly for such small geographical scales, we showed that selection is strong in all species but generally affects different loci in each. A clear signature of selection was systematically detected on a fraction of the genome, of the order of 0.1%–1% of the loci depending on the species. The novel modelling method we designed for estimating selection coefficients showed that the microgeographical selection coefficient scaled by population size (Ns) was 2–30. Our results convincingly suggest that selection maintains within‐population diversity at microgeographical scales in spatially heterogeneous environments. Such genetic diversity is likely to be a major reservoir of adaptive potential, helping populations to adapt under fluctuating environmental conditions.
As ‘synapses’ become ‘protoplasmic kisses’: Symmetry across clinical reasoning and poetry
Authors: Bleakley Alan , Neilson Shane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextWe argue that biomedicine at root is not primarily instrumental, but shares aesthetic, ethical and political values with poetry. Yet an instrumentalist bias in medical pedagogy can lead to frustration of biomedicine's potential. Such unfulfilled potential is exposed when making a comparison with poetry, a knowledge system that expressly engages a range of value systems. How then to recover biomedical language's riches for medical education's gain?MethodsWe combine scientific and artistic approaches by positing a common frame to which both medicine and poetry can aspire: the ‘high‐water mark’ of language. Poetry's language is complex, intensive and connotative—concerned with mood, ambiguity, metaphor and embodiment. Biomedicine potentially engages with such linguistic complexities, particularly in metaphor production, yet persistently falls away from this high‐water mark of language, reducing connotative language to denotation or literal meanings. We describe such instances of frustrated potential as ‘trying to accelerate with the brake on’. This paradoxical state has become habitual in medical education. The resultant lack of productive metaphor insulates pedagogy from mood, separating it from the vernacular as a specialist tongue that ensures identification with the medical community of practice. Such language can alienate both patients and poets for the same reason: it is less human than technical.ConclusionsUsing the example of clinical reasoning and attendant diagnostic work, we show that reductions from the connotative to the denotative not only mask but also contradict the complexity of implicit, embedded and distributed cognitive structures, creating a tension that medical education consistently fails to either resolve or draw upon as a resource. Further, poetry too has a complex set of implicit rules and formative structures that shape composition. These structures show symmetry, correspondence or even isomorphism with medical cognition, where both can aspire to activity that is aesthetically rich, intense and cognitively elegant.
Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi mediate the response of ombrotrophic peatlands to fertilization: a modeling study
Authors: Shao Siya , Wu Jianghua , He Hongxing , Moore Tim R. , Bubier Jill , Larmola Tuula , Juutinen Sari , Roulet Nigel T. 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Ericaceous shrubs adapt to the nutrient‐poor conditions in ombrotrophic peatlands by forming symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi. Increased nutrient availability may diminish the role of ERM pathways in shrub nutrient uptake, consequently altering the biogeochemical cycling within bogs.

To explore the significance of ERM fungi in ombrotrophic peatlands, we developed the model MWMmic (a peat cohort‐based biogeochemical model) into MWMmic‐NP by explicitly incorporating plant‐soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and ERM fungi processes. The new model was applied to simulate the biogeochemical cycles in the Mer Bleue (MB) bog in Ontario, Canada, and their responses to fertilization.

MWMmic_NP reproduced the carbon(C)–N–P cycles and vegetation dynamics observed in the MB bog, and their responses to fertilization. Our simulations showed that fertilization increased shrub biomass by reducing the C allocation to ERM fungi, subsequently suppressing the growth of underlying Sphagnum mosses, and decreasing the peatland C sequestration. Our species removal simulation further demonstrated that ERM fungi were key to maintaining the shrub–moss coexistence and C sink function of bogs.

Our results suggest that ERM fungi play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles in ombrotrophic peatlands and should be considered in future modeling efforts.
Electrochemical sensors for oral biofilm–biomaterials interface characterization: A review
Authors: Koley Dipankar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImportant processes related to the interaction of the oral microbiome with the tooth surface happen directly at the interface. For example, the chemical microenvironment that exists at the interface of microbial biofilms and the native tooth structure is directly involved in caries development. Consequentially, a critical understanding of this interface and its chemical microenvironment would provide novel avenues in caries prevention, including secondary caries that often occurs at the interface of the dental biofilm, tooth structure, and dental material. Electrochemical sensors are a unique quantitative tool and have the inherent advantages of miniaturization, stability, and selectivity. That makes the electrochemical sensors ideal tools for studying these critical biofilm microenvironments with high precision. This review highlights the development and applications of several novel electrochemical sensors such as pH, Ca2+, and hydrogen peroxide sensors as scanning electrochemical microscope probes in addition to flexible pH wire sensors for real‐time bacterial biofilm‐dental surface and dental materials interface studies.
Cross‐cultural differences in depression between White British and South Asians: Causal attributions, stigma by association, discriminatory potential
Authors: Birtel Michèle D. , Mitchell Briana L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesNumerous facets of public and internalized mental illness stigma have been established. This study focuses on the stigma of being associated with someone with depression and cultural differences between a Western and an Eastern culture. The aim was to compare White British and South Asians living in the United Kingdom regarding their causal explanations for depression, stigma towards people with depression and stigma by association.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsWhite British and South Asians (N = 137) in the United Kingdom completed a survey measuring attributions about the aetiology of depression, discriminatory potential towards people with depression and stigma by association.ResultsResults revealed that South Asians attributed greater supernatural, moral and psychosocial causes to depression, while White British endorsed greater biological beliefs. South Asians reported a greater discriminatory potential towards people with depression (lower willingness for closeness, greater desire for social distance) than White British. They also indicated greater affective, cognitive and behavioural stigma by association. Stigma by association mediated the relationship between cultural group and willingness for closeness as well as desire for social distance. Perceived dangerousness was a mediator for willingness for closeness.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a greater consideration of the role of culture in the understanding of mental health is important to combat stigma towards individuals with depression and those close to them across Western and Eastern cultures.
Prospective Evaluation of the Fungitell® (1→3) Beta‐D‐Glucan Assay as a Diagnostic Tool for Invasive Fungal Disease in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Otto William R. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Boge Craig L. K. , Ostrosky‐Zeichner Luis , Esbenshade Adam J. , Nieder Michael L. , Alexander Sarah , Steinbach William J. , Dang Ha , Villaluna Doojduen , Chen Lu , Skeens Micah , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Sung Lillian , Fisher Brian T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality for hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Non‐invasive biomarkers, such as the beta‐D‐glucan assay, may improve the diagnosis of IFD. The objective was to define the utility of surveillance testing using Fungitell® beta‐D‐glucan (BDG) assay in children receiving antifungal prophylaxis in the immediate post‐HCT period.MethodsWeekly surveillance blood testing with the Fungitell® BDG assay was performed during the early post‐HCT period in the context of a randomized trial of children, adolescents, and young adults undergoing allogeneic HCT allocated to triazole or caspofungin prophylaxis. Positivity was defined at the manufacturer cutoff of 80 pg/ml. IFD was adjudicated using blinded central reviewers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the Fungitell® BDG assay for the outcome of proven or probable IFD.ResultsA total of 51 patients (out of 290 patients in the parent trial) contributed blood specimens. In total, 278 specimens were evaluated. Specificity was 80.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.6%–85.3%), and NPV was over 99% (95% CI: 86.8%–99.9%). However, there were no true positive results, resulting in sensitivity of 0% (95% CI: 0.0%–84.2%) and PPV of 0% (95% CI: 0.0%–6.7%).ConclusionsFungitell® BDG screening is of limited utility in diagnosing IFD in the post‐HCT period, mainly due to high false‐positive rates. Fungitell® BDG surveillance testing should not be performed in children during the early post‐HCT period while receiving antifungal prophylaxis as the pretest probability for IFD is low.
Construction and application of tuberculosis medical and nursing integration cooperation model
Authors: Zhang Jin , Hu Xiao‐Ying , Ye Hong , Fan Xiu‐Qiu , Lai Dong‐Mei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of the tuberculosis (TB) doctor–nurse integration management modelMethodsThis study is a retrospective historical cohort study. The clinical data of 180 patients with TB in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. In a control group, 90 cases were treated with the traditional medical care model. An observation group of 90 cases received clinical diagnoses, treatments, and nursing under a doctor–nurse integration management model. Comparative analyses between the two groups were conducted on various aspects, including the awareness level of TB prevention and control, medication compliance and patient satisfaction. Comparisons between the two groups were evaluated using independent‐sample t‐tests or Chi‐squared testsResultsCompared with the control group, the knowledge awareness levels of TB prevention and medication compliance in the observation group were significantly higher (p < .05). The appointment waiting times and hospitalization times in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05). The total average satisfaction score of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < .05). Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with their nursing methods, operating techniques, psychological techniques, service attitudes, and ward management (p < .05). In addition, in the observation group, medical–nursing relationships and doctor–patient communication were better than in the control group; additionally, the satisfaction of doctors with nursing work was also higher than in the control group, which was a statistically significant difference (p < .05)ConclusionThe implementation of an integrated medical–nursing cooperation model for TB will help increase the awareness of health knowledge in patients with TB, improve patient medication compliance and enhance patient satisfaction.
The distinctive role of membrane fibrinogen‐like protein 2 in the liver stage of rodent malaria infections
Authors: Jiao Shiming , Tan Nie , Zhu Chengyu , Fu Yong , Zhang Kun , Ding Yan , Xu Wenyue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractViral infection often induce the expression of murine fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (mFGL2) triggering immune coagulation, which causes severe liver pathogenesis via increased fibrin deposition and thrombosis in the microvasculature. We aimed to investigate the role of mFGL2 in the liver stage of malaria infections. We reveal that infection with malaria sporozoites also induces increased expression of mFGL2 and that this expression is primarily located within the liver Kupffer and endothelial cells. In addition, we report that inhibition of FGL2 has no significant effect on immune coagulation but increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the livers of infected mice. Interestingly, FGL2 deficiency had no significant impact on the development of liver stage malaria parasites or the pathogenesis of the infected liver. In contrast to viral infections, we conclude that mFGL2 does not contribute to either parasite development or liver pathology during these infections, revealing the unique features of this protein in liver‐stage malaria infections.