bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluation of dosimetric impact against position errors in accelerator‐based BNCT under different treatment parameter settings
Authors: Kakino Ryo , Hu Naonori , Isohashi Kayako , Aihara Teruhito , Nihei Keiji , Ono Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients who undergo accelerator‐based (AB) boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for head and neck cancer in the sitting position are generally uncomfortably immobilized, and patient motion during this treatment may be greater than that in other radiotherapy techniques. Furthermore, the treatment time of BNCT is relatively long (up to approximately 1 h), which increases the possibility of patient movement during treatment. As most BNCT irradiations are performed in a single fraction, the dosimetric error due to patient motion is of greater consequence and needs to be evaluated and accounted for. Several treatment parameters are required for BNCT dose calculation.PurposeTo investigate the dosimetric impacts (DIs) against position errors using a simple cylindrical phantom for an AB‐BNCT system under different treatment parameter settings.MethodsThe treatment plans were created in RayStation and the dose calculation was performed using the NeuCure® dose engine. A cylindrical phantom (16 cm diameter × 20 cm height) made of soft tissue was modeled. Dummy tumors in the form of a 3‐cm‐diameter sphere were arranged at depths of 2.5 and 6.5 cm (denoted by T2.5 and T6.5, respectively). Reference plans were created by setting the following parameters: collimator size = 10, 12, or 15 cm in diameter, collimator‐to‐surface distance (CSD) = 4.0 or 8.0 cm, tumor‐to‐blood ratio (T/B ratio) using 18F‐fluoro‐borono‐phenylalanine = 2.5 or 5.0, and 10B concentration in blood = 20, 25, or 30 ppm. The prescribed dose was D95% ≥ 20 Gy‐eq for both T2.5 and T6.5. Based on the reference plans, phantom‐shifted plans were created in 26 directions [all combinations of left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP), and superior–inferior (SI) directions) and three distances (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm). The DIs were evaluated at D80% of the tumors. The shift direction dependency of the DI in the LR, AP, and SI directions was evaluated by conducting a multiple regression analysis (MRA) and other analyses where required.ResultsThe coefficients of the MRA of the DIs for LR, AP, and SI shifts were −0.08, 2.16, and −0.04 (p‐values = 0.084, <0.01, and 0.334) for T2.5 and −0.05, 2.08, and 0.15 (p‐values = 0.526, <0.01, and 0.065) for T6.5, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that DIs due to the AP shift were significantly greater for smaller collimator sizes on T2.5 and smaller CSD on T6.5. Dose reduction due to SI or LR (lateral) shifts was significantly greater for smaller collimator sizes on both T2.5 and T6.5 and smaller CSD on T2.5, according to the Student's t‐test. There were no significant differences in the DIs against both the AP shift and the lateral shift between the different T/B ratios and 10B concentrations.ConclusionThe DIs were largely affected by the shift in the AP direction and were influenced by the different treatment parameters.
Effect of boron compounds on the biological effectiveness of proton therapy
Authors: Manandhar Mandira , Bright Scott J. , Flint David B. , Martinus David K. J. , Kolachina Rishab V. , Ben Kacem Mariam , Titt Uwe , Martin Tioga J. , Lee Chad L. , Morrison Kendall , Shaitelman Simona F. , Sawakuchi Gabriel O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWe assessed whether adding sodium borocaptate (BSH) or 4‐borono‐l‐phenylalanine (BPA) to cells irradiated with proton beams influenced the biological effectiveness of those beams against prostate cancer cells to investigate if the alpha particles generated through proton–boron nuclear reactions would be sufficient to enhance the biological effectiveness of the proton beams.MethodsWe measured clonogenic survival in DU145 cells treated with 80.4‐ppm BSH or 86.9‐ppm BPA, or their respective vehicles, after irradiation with 6‐MV X‐rays, 1.2‐keV/μm (low linear energy transfer [LET]) protons, or 9.9‐keV/μm (high‐LET) protons. We also measured γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in treated cells at 1 and 24 h after irradiation with the same conditions.ResultsWe found that BSH radiosensitized DU145 cells across all radiation types. However, no difference was found in relative radiosensitization, characterized by the sensitization enhancement ratio or the relative biological effectiveness, for vehicle‐ versus BSH‐treated cells. No differences were found in numbers of γH2AX or 53BP1 foci or γH2AX/53BP1 colocalized foci for vehicle‐ versus BSH‐treated cells across radiation types. BPA did not radiosensitize DU145 cells nor induced any significant differences when comparing vehicle‐ versus BPA‐treated cells for clonogenic cell survival or γH2AX and 53BP1 foci or γH2AX/53BP1 colocalized foci.ConclusionsTreatment with 11B, at concentrations of 80.4 ppm from BSH or 86.9 ppm from BPA, had no effect on the biological effectiveness of proton beams in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Our results agree with published theoretical calculations indicating that the contribution of alpha particles from such reactions to the total absorbed dose and biological effectiveness is negligible. We also found that BSH radiosensitized DU145 cells to X‐rays, low‐LET protons, and high‐LET protons but that the radiosensitization was not related to DNA damage.
MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of deep myometrial invasion of FIGO stage I endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Mingli , Wen Feng , Shi Jiaxin , Song Jing , Zhao Jiaqi , Song Qingling , Lai Qingyuan , Luo Yahong , Yu Tao , Jiang Xiran , Jiang Wenyan , Dong Yue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies with an increasing incidence, and an accurate preoperative diagnosis of deep myometrial invasion (DMI) is crucial for personalized treatment.ObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics nomogram for the presence of DMI in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I EC.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 163 patients with pathologically confirmed stage I EC from two centers and divided all samples into a training group (Center 1) and a validation group (Center 2). Clinical and routine imaging indicators were analyzed by logistical regression to construct a conventional diagnostic model (M1). Radiomics features extracted from the axial T2‐weighted and axial contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CE‐T1W) images were treated with the intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression analysis with Akaike information criterion to build a combined radiomics signature (M2). A nomogram (M3) was constructed by M1 and M2. Calibration and decision curves were drawn to evaluate the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts. The diagnostic performance of each indicator and model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultThe four most significant radiomics features were finally selected from the CE‐T1W MRI. For the diagnosis of DMI, the AUCT/AUCV of M1 was 0.798/0.738, the AUCT/AUCV of M2 was 0.880/0.852, and the AUCT/AUCV of M3 was 0.936/0.871 in the training and validation groups, respectively. The calibration curves showed that M3 was in good agreement with the ideal values. The decision curve analysis suggested potential clinical application values of the nomogram.ConclusionA nomogram based on MRI radiomics and clinical imaging indicators can improve the diagnosis of DMI in patients with FIGO stage I EC.
Tracking the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK: A methodological report from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study
Authors: McBride Orla , Butter Sarah , Murphy Jamie , Hartman Todd K. , McKay Ryan , Hyland Philip , Shevlin Mark , Bennett Kate M. , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Lloyd Alex , Gibson‐Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Mason Liam , Martinez Anton P. , Vallières Frédérique , Karatzias Thanos , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study was established in March 2020 to monitor the psychological and socio‐economic impact of the pandemic in the UK and other countries. This paper describes the protocol for Wave 5 (March–April 2021).MethodsThe survey assessed: COVID‐19 related experiences; experiences of common mental health disorders; psychological characteristics; and social and political attitudes. Adults who participated in any previous wave (N = 4949) were re‐invited to participate. Weights were calculated using a survey raking algorithm to ensure the longitudinal panel was nationally representative in terms of gender, age, and household income, amongst other factors.ResultsOverall, 2520 adults participated. A total of 2377 adults who participated in the previous survey wave (November–December 2020) were re‐interviewed at Wave 5 (61.5% retention rate). Attrition between these two waves was predicted by younger age, lower household income, children living in the household, and treatment for mental health difficulties. Of the adults recruited into the C19PRC study at baseline, 57.4% (N = 1162) participated in Wave 5. The raking procedure re‐balanced the longitudinal panel to within 1.5% of population estimates for selected socio‐demographic characteristics.ConclusionThis paper outlines the growing strength of the publicly available C19PRC Study data for COVID‐19‐related interdisciplinary research.
Kinetic analysis of multi‐resolution hyperpolarized 13C human brain MRI to study cerebral metabolism
Authors: Hu Jasmine Y. , Kim Yaewon , Autry Adam W. , Frost Mary M. , Bok Robert A. , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Xu Duan , Li Yan , Larson Peder E. Z. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Gordon Jeremy W. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo investigate multi‐resolution hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate MRI for measuring kinetic conversion rates in the human brain.MethodsHP [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI was acquired in 6 subjects with a multi‐resolution EPI sequence at 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 resolution for pyruvate and 15 × 15 mm2 resolution for lactate and bicarbonate. With the same lactate data, 2 quantitative maps of pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion (kPL) maps were generated: 1 using 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 resolution pyruvate data and the other using synthetic 15 × 15 mm2 resolution pyruvate data to simulate a standard constant resolution acquisition. To examine local kPL values, 4 voxels were manually selected in each study representing brain tissue near arteries, brain tissue near veins, white matter, and gray matter.ResultsHigh resolution 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 pyruvate images increased the spatial delineation of brain structures and decreased partial volume effects compared to coarser resolution 15 × 15 mm2 pyruvate images. Voxels near arteries, veins and in white matter exhibited higher calculated kPL for multi‐resolution images.ConclusionAcquiring HP 13C pyruvate metabolic data with a multi‐resolution approach minimized partial volume effects from vascular pyruvate signals while maintaining the SNR of downstream metabolites. Higher resolution pyruvate images for kinetic fitting resulted in increased kinetic rate values, particularly around the superior sagittal sinus and cerebral arteries, by reducing extracellular pyruvate signal contributions from adjacent blood vessels. This HP 13C study showed that acquiring pyruvate with finer resolution improved the quantification of kinetic rates throughout the human brain.
Pediatric paleoradiology: Applications and best practice protocols for image acquisition and reporting
Authors: Van Schaik Katherine D. , Tsai Andy , Liston Maria A. , Conlogue Gerald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper aggregates and summarizes studies that use paleoradiology techniques in the analysis of pediatric remains. Building on these findings, we offer evidence‐based, best‐practice protocols for the use of radiographic techniques in the assessment of pediatric remains from archaeological contexts. We also provide a recommended reporting worksheet for recording findings in a standardized way. After reviewing studies of pediatric remains that used radiographic techniques, with a focus on three major bioarchaeological journals, PubMed, and the Yearbook of Mummy Studies, we identified areas for improvement in the acquisition and reporting of paleoradiographic findings in pediatric remains. Although radiological techniques are used with increasing frequency in the assessment of pediatric remains, no standardized pediatric imaging protocols presently exist. We combine insights gained from existing literature with current clinical imaging protocols in order to provide best‐practice protocols for the acquisition and reporting of radiographic findings from archeological contexts, specific to pediatric remains. This is, as far as we know, the first proposal of imaging protocols specifically tailored for the assessment of pediatric remains from bioarchaeological contexts. Recognizing the limitations faced by archaeologists around the use of imaging technologies in their fieldwork (including lack of funding, equipment access, and permit acquisition, among others), this review is offered not to criticize previous work, but in the hope that the need for appropriate radiographic study can be incorporated into research plans and funding applications from the beginning, and that granting agencies will encourage and support these types of analyses in skeletal studies. It holds implications for how paleoradiology techniques might be systematically used and applied to pediatric remains from multiple time periods, across the world. Our proposed imaging acquisition and reporting protocols are primarily based on English‐language sources. Further assessment of the proposed protocols, following systematic application in multiple contexts, is recommended.
Modelling the current and future potential distribution of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with increasingly serious damage to soybean
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Wang Ying , Wang Zhengbing , Ding Weili , Xu Kedong , Li Lili , Wang Yueying , Li Jinbu , Yang Mingsheng , Liu Xiaomeng , Huang Xinzheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, has received intense attention in recent years because of its involvement in increasing outbreaks of staygreen syndrome in soybean (Glycine max (L.)), often causing almost 100% loss of soybean yield in China. However, for this pest of great economic importance, potential current and future distribution patterns and their underlying driving factors remain unclear.RESULTSMaxent modelling under climate, elevation and land‐use (including the distribution information of G. max) variables showed that the current potential distribution covered a vast geographic range, primarily including most parts of south, South East and east Asia. Under future environmental scenarios, suitable habitat expanded markedly. Areas that would become highly suitable for R. pedestris were primarily located in north‐east China and west India. Five bioclimatic (BIO13, BIO08, BIO18, BIO02 and BIO07) and one land‐use (C3 annual crops) predictors contributed approximately 95% to the modelling, and analyses of curve responses showed that to a certain extent, R. pedestris preferred relatively high temperature and precipitation. Our results indicate that a high risk of R. pedestris outbreaks is present in parts of Asia, especially in the soybean‐growing regions of China, and this risk will continue in the future.CONCLUSIONThe predicted distribution pattern and key regulating factors identified herein could provide a vital reference for developing pest management policies and further alleviate the incidence of staygreen syndrome in soybean. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantized stabilization of event‐triggered systems under independent and identical distributed packet dropouts
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ling Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article studies the quantized control problem of a scalar continuous‐time linear system over a digital network. The network is subject to bounded transmission delay and independent and identically distributed packet dropouts. Event‐triggered sampling is implemented in the system. We first derive a lower bound on the necessary bit rate for any event‐triggered strategy by analyzing the evolution of the uncertainty set of the system state. Then we propose a control strategy which combines both event‐triggering and time‐triggering to stabilize the system. Note that our control strategy implements a dynamic encoding policy, under which the number of quantization bits is dependent on dropouts. Although the average bit rate occupied by our control strategy is higher than the obtained lower stabilizing bit rate bound, their gap can arbitrarily approach zero by relaxing the integer requirement of the number of quantization bits. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the derived results.
Multifunctional Mesoporous Polyaniline/Graphene Nanosheets for Flexible Planar Integrated Microsystem of Zinc Ion Microbattery and Gas Sensor
Authors: Wang Xiao , Qin Jieqiong , Hu Qi , Das Pratteek , Wen Pengchao , Zheng Shuanghao , Zhou Feng , Feng Liang , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe prosperity of smart portable microdevices urgently requires an advanced integrated microsystem equipped with cost‐effective safe microbatteries and ultra‐stable sensitive sensors. However, the practical application of smart microdevices is limited by complex active materials with single function. Here, the two‐dimensional (2D) mesoporous nanosheets of polyaniline decorated on graphene with large specific surface area of 141 m2 g−1, ample active sites, comparable conductivity, and ordered mesopores of 18 nm for a new‐type co‐planar integrated microsystem of zinc ion microbattery and gas sensor are developed. These unique triple‐function mesoporous nanosheets are well proved for dendrite‐free zinc anode with long cyclability (>500 h) and small overpotential (48 mV), a high performance cathode of zinc ion microbattery with outstanding volumetric capacity of 78 mAh cm–3 outperforming their counterparts reported, and a highly sensitive gas sensor with a resistance response (ΔR/R0%) of 118% for 20 ppm NH3. Moreover, the co‐planar battery‐sensor integrated microsystem exhibits superior mechanical stability and smart integration. Therefore, this work will open many opportunities to develop multifunctional 2D mesoporous materials for high performance smart integrated microsystems.
Transient Dynamics of Charges and Excitons in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Jaeyoul , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Hyunho , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWide interest in quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) for potential application to display devices and light sources has led to their rapid advancement in device performance. Despite such progress, detailed operation mechanisms of QLEDs, which are necessary for the fundamental understanding and further improvements, have been still uncertain because of the intricate interaction between charges and excitons in electrical operation. In this work, the transient electroluminescence (TREL) signals of dichromatic QLEDs which are purposely designed to consist of two different color‐emitting QD layers are analyzed. As a result, not only can the charge injection and exciton recombination processes be visualized but the electron mobility of the QD layer can also be estimated. Furthermore, the effects of Förster resonant energy transfer between two QDs and exciton quenching near the QD layer are quantitatively measured in QLED operation. The authors believe that their results based on TREL analyses will contribute to the understanding and development of high‐performance QLEDs.
Saccharification Efficiency Improvement by Eurotium cristatum and its Mechanism Study during the Glutinous Rice Wine Fermentation
Authors: Yang Qin , Feng‐ying Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo verify whether Eurotium cristatum promotes the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine is the aim of this study. Thus, Anhua black tea (containing substantial E. cristatum) is used for co‐fermentation with liqueur koji in glutinous rice fermentation. The glutinous rice starch is analyzed to infer the effect of E. cristatum on saccharification efficiency, and the quality of co‐fermented glutinous rice wine is evaluated. The results show that E. cristatum can contribute to the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine. Saccharification efficiency reaches a maximum at 40 g 100 g−1 when 1.0 g liqueur koji and 0.6 g Anhua black tea are added in 100 g glutinous rice during the fermentation process at 32 °C for 3 days. In the glutinous rice starch, co‐fermentation by E. cristatum results in increased amylose content, decreased molecular weight, smaller starch particles, and obvious crystal structure. These phenomena in the starch molecules express the mechanism of saccharification efficiency promotion by E. cristatum. What's more, the glutinous rice wine co‐fermented by Anhua black tea has potential health functions for the human body and presents better sensory evaluation than the traditional one. Therefore, it is feasible and significant for the co‐fermentation with E. cristatum during glutinous rice wine production.
Modeling of physical fields by means of the Cosserat continuum
Authors: Ivanova Elena A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider a special type Cosserat continuum and suggest analogies between quantities characterizing the stress–strain state of the continuum and quantities characterizing physical processes. Such an approach provides us with the ability to derive equations describing electricity, magnetism, and other physical phenomena. This study continues the line of our earlier research. In the present paper, we obtain equations that can be treated as a generalization of Maxwell's equations. The main difference between the proposed equations and classical Maxwell's equations is in the description of magnetic phenomena. In particular, we introduce the concept of a magnetic charge vector and show that this quantity, like the electric charge, satisfies the conservation law and the Gauss law. We are convinced that the magnetic charge vector is the most appropriate physical quantity to characterize the state of a magnetized body. In addition to modeling the electromagnetic field, we make assumptions about how the proposed model can describe the field corresponding to the strong interaction.
The Evolution of Glocal Governance
Authors: Mihr Anja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe concept of glocal governance started in the early 1990s after the end of the old Cold War. With new democracies emerging across the world and the rise of economic globalization on the one side, and the emergence of local civil society organizations, activist, and public–private partnerships on the other side, glocal governance was seen as a possible form of governance altogether. Think global, act locally! has since become the slogan of the glocalization process and practice, meaning that local actors adhere to universal norms and implement them. Glocal modes of governance can be found in business and the public sectors alike, such as in the education, health, and even security sectors alike.