bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust error bounds for the Navier–Stokes equations
using implicit-explicit second-order BDF method with variable steps
Authors: García-Archilla Bosco , Novo Julia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper studies fully discrete finite element approximations to the Navier–Stokes equations using inf-sup stable elements and grad-div stabilization. For the time integration, two implicit–explicit second-order backward differentiation formulae (BDF2) schemes are applied. In both, the Laplacian is implicit while the nonlinear term is explicit, in the first one, and semiimplicit, in the second one. The grad-div stabilization allows us to prove error bounds in which the constants are independent of inverse powers of the viscosity. Error bounds of order $r$ in space are obtained for the $L^2$ error of the velocity using piecewise polynomials of degree $r$ to approximate the velocity together with second-order bounds in time, both for fixed time-step methods and for methods with variable time steps. A Courant Friedrichs Lewy (CFL)-type condition is needed for the method in which the nonlinear term is explicit relating time-step and spatial mesh-size parameters.
Relative Tense without Existential Quantification and Before
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the semantics of tense morphemes in Japanese in temporal adverbial clauses as well as in relative clauses. We claim that they are non-pronominal higher order entities but do not carry existential quantifier meanings on their own. Specifically, we argue against the view that Japanese past tense sentences are necessarily existentially quantifying and that this is the reason why they cannot occur as mae ‘before’ clauses. This view is incompatible with the fact that Japanese ato ‘after’ clauses must occur in the past tense. By contrast, our own proposal about Japanese tense morphemes is based on the idea that the inherent meaning of ‘before’ (or ‘after’) agrees with the “relative” meaning of the tense morpheme in the temporal adverbial clause. That is, a ‘before’ clause must be in the future tense (conveyed by the non-past tense form) because it describes a situation that follows the matrix predication time, whereas an ‘after’ clause must be in the past tense because it describes a situation that precedes the matrix predication time. Choosing the wrong tense form would then result in a contradiction. We will make two separate compositional proposals within two major accounts of ‘before’ and ‘after’: Beaver and Condoravdi’s and Anscombe’s. This enables us to show that correct empirical predictions can be made about ‘before’ and ‘after’ clauses, including non-veridical ‘before’ clauses, regardless of which account of temporal connectives turns out to be optimal. Our proposal also covers ‘when’ clauses and (nominal) relative clauses. Japanese tense morphemes are higher order entities and are “quantifier-raised” to yield “simultaneous readings” for present tense relative clauses. From the viewpoint of natural language semantic theory, this article establishes that non-pronominal relative tense morphemes are not always existentially quantifying. When an existential quantifier interpretation is needed, it is supplied through independent means. This is a promising approach to the semantics of relative-tense languages such as Japanese.
Decompositions of stratified institutions
Authors: Diaconescu Răzvan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The theory of stratified institutions is a general axiomatic approach to model theories where the satisfaction is parameterized by states of the models. In this paper we further develop this theory by introducing a new technique for representing stratified institutions, which is based on projecting to such simpler structures. On the one hand this can be used for developing general results applicable to a wide variety of already existing model theories with states, such as those based on some form of Kripke semantics. On the other hand this may serve as a template for defining new such model theories. In this paper we emphasize the former application of this technique by developing general results on model amalgamation and on the existence diagrams for stratified institutions. These are two most useful properties to have in institution theoretic model theory.
Introduction
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of adolescent substance abuse and co-existing disorders in the United States, where such disorders are a major public health problem. The chapter underscores the importance of youth service providers having a foundational understanding of adolescent development. Such development is discussed from developmental, societal, legal, and brain maturation perspectives, all having a significant impact on clinical treatment and planning. Providers also need to understand the link between substance abuse and coexisting disorders. High-quality assessment and treatment depend on service providers having this knowledge. The chapter goes on to provide an overview of the book’s contents, which are organized by three sections addressing adolescent development, co-occurring disorders, and interventions and treatments. Internalizing and externalizing disorders, behavioral addictions, and various types of individual and family-based treatments are included in the book.
Internalizing and Related Disorders
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Internalizing disorders represent mental or behavioral conditions that are dominated by emotionality. Emotions are an adaptive tool to deal with life’s challenges. Adolescence is a developmental period when emotions can be extreme when elicited by both positive and negative experiences. The major internalizing disorders are depressive disorders and anxiety disorders; related ones in this domain include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, and autism. Treatment effectiveness for teenagers with substance use disorder and a coexisting internalizing disorder is optimized when both domains are addressed. Behavioral-based treatment approaches with concurrent psychotropic medication are part of the treatment plan. One of the most common mental and behavioral disorders among adolescents in the United States is depression. For those suffering from a major depressive disorder, symptoms include a period of at least 2 weeks of a very persistent low mood accompanied with low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, and problems with sleep, energy, and concentration.
Continuum of Care and Treatment Planning
Authors: Winters Ken C. , Ingwalson Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses treatment and treatment planning for youth with a substance use disorder. Youth who are using substances may benefit from some type of intervention or treatment response; some may require multiple interventions and treatments. It is advisable to assign a youth the appropriate level of care that is the least intensive and step up to a more intensive treatment if needed. Assessing placement or referral along the continuum of care for an adolescent suspected of drug involvement is complex. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) provides a description of several levels of response along a continuum of care. The Comprehensive Adolescent Structured Interview (CASI) is one example of a tool to assess the extent of several problems that can help with determining level of care.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Intellectual Disability
Authors: Blacher Jan , Baker Bruce L. , Moody Christine T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmong individuals on the autism spectrum, intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common co-occurring diagnoses. ID is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. Such impairments can impact domains implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as social communication. Thus, it is essential for diagnosing practictioners to be well-versed in the symptoms and assessment of both ASD and ID, especially in the context of one another. This chapter provides an overview of ID, outlines guiding considerations for differential diagnosis with ASD, and highlights additional needs in a diagnostic assessment when these diagnoses are being evaluated (e.g., evaluation of mental health and behavioral problems).
Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Conduct Problems
Authors: Galán Chardée , Mazefsky Carla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disruptive behaviors associated with conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), such as aggression, noncompliance, and temper tantrums, are common in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A key consideration is whether such behavioral problems indicate a co-occurring diagnosis of ODD/CD and ASD or reflect an associated phenotype of ASD. The current chapter summarizes key considerations in the differential diagnosis of ASD and ODD/CD, including social and communication impairments, deficits in empathy, and the function of a child’s disruptive behavior. We conclude with a case example to illustrate the factors complicating the differential diagnosis of ASD and ODD/CD and provide validated assessments to guide this process.
Behavioral Health Services with High-Risk Infants and Families
Authors: Dempsey Allison G. , Cole Joanna C.M. , Saxton Sage N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is a growing need for integration of behavioral health providers within medical settings to address mental health concerns of expectant parents, high-risk infants and families, and the frontline medical staff who care for them. This book is designed to be a comprehensive, practical resource for providers working in perinatal and neonatal intensive care settings inclusive of fetal care centers, neonatal intensive care settings, and neonatal follow-up clinics. Contributors are leading experts in various aspects of care for expectant parents, infants, and their families, with backgrounds in medicine, psychology, social work, nursing, and parenting high-risk infants. The book is divided into five sections. Each section provides setting-specific information critical to behavioral health care practice, including an overview of common medical conditions and treatments, roles and activities of integrated health providers, and specific behavioral health issues pertaining to the setting. Case examples are presented throughout to highlight important concepts and application of clinical practice. Section I provides a broad overview of roles and practice issues, including the history of psychological services for high-risk infants, operational considerations, and systems-level approaches to improving care. Section II explores symptom presentation, risk assessment and treatment approaches for perinatal and infant mental health concerns, as well as strategies to support families (e.g., breastfeeding, decision-making, and peer support programs). Sections III–V address key components for clinicians within fetal care settings, neonatal intensive care settings, and neonatal follow-up settings, including an overview of common medical conditions and treatments, activities of integrated health providers, and multidisciplinary collaboration strategies to care for the unique needs of high-risk infants and families.
Regulation, Relationships, and Reflection
Authors: Talmi Ayelet , Browne Joy V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fragile infants who are born at risk for long-term developmental concerns often require specialized assessment and intervention services to promote regulation and provide neuroprotective care. Behavioral health interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) include infant mental health services that promote infant–parent relationships, socioemotional competence, and nurturing relationships by providing developmentally supportive care and supporting parental mental health needs. Best practices for behavioral health providers in NICU settings include implementing specialized and evidence-based approaches spanning identification, evaluation, and intervention to enhance developmental, relational, and health outcomes. Reflection and reflective practice are core components of behavioral health professionals’ engagement with infants and their families. Consequently, behavioral health providers are uniquely positioned to support fragile infants, their families, and the professionals who serve them, promoting optimal development and healthy relationships well beyond the NICU.
A Brief History of Neonatal Follow-Up and Why It Is Done
Authors: Needelman Howard , Egboh Beatrice , Strong-Bak Whitney , Winningham Grace 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-risk newborns are known to have various sequelae to the problems they encounter while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). To address problems in these patients, and learn how to care for future high-risk patients, NICU follow-up clinics have been developed. Although most large NICUs have a follow-up clinic, there is little standardization of these programs. These programs seek to address and put in place the best interventions, both in the nursery and post-discharge, for newborns with conditions such as cerebral palsy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, vision impairment, and others. Both the field of medicine and society at large have been fascinated with the outcome for infants born at risk for death and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Physicians skilled in these infant diseases have made great progress in treating them.
After the NICU
Authors: Serrano Verenea J. , Schulz Jonna H. von , Buchholz Melissa , Malik Kristina , Wrenn Amy , Talmi Ayelet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
After hospital discharge, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates often have special health care needs that can persist into childhood. Primary care is a universal care setting that presents the opportunity for these needs to be addressed. Behavioral health services integrated into the primary care setting allow for early identification of concerns through screening, addressing of concerns through consultation and intervention, and increased care coordination through collaboration with various care team members. Given the special health care needs of NICU graduates and the increased risk for behavioral health concerns among NICU graduates and their families, it is important to adapt behavioral health practices to meet the specific needs of NICU graduates and their families. This chapter discusses adaptations and considerations for providing integrated behavioral health services in primary care for NICU graduates over the course of their childhood.
Let’s Get Started!
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Dour Halina J. , Guinyard Amanda G. Loerinc , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program begins. According to science and clinical experience, regular homework practice has a clear effect on treatment success, especially with written and behavioral components. Practicing skills at home is essential to make gains in therapy. The skills introduced in session are intended to be practiced daily for a recommended time. Time and energy are vital when it comes to the PAT program. On the other hand, fear and lack of motivation could be reasons to avoid therapy. The chapter also teaches participants how to fill in exercise forms to be used during the treatment.
The Triad of Feelings, Thoughts, and Actions
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Dour Halina J. , Guinyard Amanda G. Loerinc , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the mood cycle. It explains how the triad of thoughts, behavior, and physical sensations could impact mood and vice versa. While therapy cannot help with turning off feelings, people can still change the way they think and behave, and this in turn impacts their emotions. The chapter discusses the difference between downward spirals and upward spirals. One of the goals of Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) is achieving an upward spiral by changing behavior and working on thoughts. The chapter also highlights the importance of labeling positive emotions in an effort to improve one’s ability to recognize and communicate feelings.
Brief Supportive Psychotherapy
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Supportive psychotherapy is widely practiced but poorly defined, often misunderstood, and unfairly disparaged. Dr. Markowitz and his colleagues manualized Brief Supportive Psychotherapy (BSP) years ago as a time-limited control treatment to compare to “more active” established psychotherapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy in research studies. In fact, BSP, an emotion-focused, bare-bones treatment based on Carl Rogers’s Client-Centered Therapy, has since proven to be a robust treatment in multiple randomized controlled treatment trials. It has generally kept pace with the brand-name treatments in treating patients with difficult disorders like chronic depression. It deserves a place among evidence-based treatments in depression treatment guidelines. Some therapists previously trained in cognitive and behavioral approaches have found this affect-focused approach adds a new dimension to their thinking and to patients’ lives. This book is both an elaboration of the now well-tested research treatment manual for BSP and a primer for clinicians. It illustrates how BSP helps patients with mood and anxiety disorders to tolerate rather than avoid their powerful negative emotions. It describes the key elements of supportive psychotherapy, covering the crucial “common factors” that help make all evidence-based psychotherapies effective (e.g., affective arousal, helping the patient to feel understood, realistic optimism for improvement, a therapeutic ritual, clinical poise, and success experiences). BSP maximizes patient autonomy, letting the patient lead sessions, and prescribes no homework. It is an elemental, relatively simple approach for a psychotherapy, yet no psychotherapy is easy to do well. Its affect-focused approach enhances the application of all psychotherapeutic approaches.
Affect Focus
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the crucial topic of emotion in psychotherapy. It reviews key negative affects patients tend to avoid: anger, sadness, and anxiety. It asks the therapist to assess how aware the patient is of his or her emotional life and how he or she handles those emotions. It then addresses how to elicit affect, encourage the patient to tolerate it, and validate the patient’s emotions. Doing so raises the implicit question: What can the patient do with those feelings? A discussion follows on the distinction between expectable painful emotions and symptomatic feelings. The chapter describes drawing affects from and linking emotions to the particulars of a patient’s life. The chapter further describes the appropriate therapeutic stance in Brief Supportive Psychotherapy and discusses the need for therapists to be able to tolerate strong affects themselves.
Adjusting Brief Supportive Psychotherapy to Different Disorders
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This brief chapter describes the adaptation of Brief Supportive Psychotherapy for non-mood disorders, mainly anxiety disorders. Because Brief Supportive Psychotherapy is so elemental, it might not need dramatic adaptation for other disorders. The chapter describes the need to test any further adaptations in outcome trials. The chapter also discusses using Brief Supportive Psychotherapy in the context of comorbid psychiatric disorders.
History, Basic Principles, and Outline of LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with the main premise of the Unified Protocol (UP), which is that individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, or other stress-related symptoms use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies that attempt to avoid or dampen the intensity of uncomfortable emotions. UP teaches clients to confront and experience stress and respond to their emotions in more adaptive ways. It highlights how UP reduces the intensity and incidence of interfering and overwhelming emotional experiences and improves functioning. The chapter outlines the basic principles that guide the successful delivery of the original UP, the cognitive-behavioral treatment upon which the LGBTQ-affirmative adaptations are based. It also covers other principles that identify ways that cognitive-behavioral treatment principles can be enhanced to address the impact of LGBTQ-related stress on LGBTQ people’s mental and behavioral health.
Session 1: Functional Analysis and Introduction to Treatment
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates an initial treatment session that is designed to provide a review of the client’s presenting problems and diagnoses within the context of the LGBTQ-related stress cognitive-behavioral case formulation. It talks about the sessions that focus on psychoeducation about LGBTQ-related stress and the rationale behind the treatment and conduct the functional analysis by assessing each of the components of the STAIRCaSE Model. It also recommends the short assessment of the client’s symptoms to track changes over time and build motivation throughout treatment. The chapter refers to the Overall Depression Severity & Impairment Scale (ODSIS) and Overall Anxiety Severity & Impairment Scale (OASIS), which are short assessments of the anxious and depressive symptoms over the prior week. It highlights suggested discussion points for the therapist to go over with the client about what treatment will entail and how the treatment program was developed.
Module 1: Setting Goals and Building Motivation for LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the client’s readiness and motivation for change and fosters self-efficacy for engaging in LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy. It demonstrates how to do the sessions for reviewing all module content and agreeing on setting three major treatment goals and for breaking down the client’s treatment goals. It emphasizes the use of a progress record to see how the client’s symptoms are changing from session to session based on the week’s assessments. The chapter highlights the importance of motivation and commitment when starting mental health treatment. The more motivated a client is, the more likely they are to fully engage with sessions and to practice skills in between sessions, which yields better treatment outcomes.
Module 2: Understanding the Nature and Emotional Impact of LGBTQ-Related Stress
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter raises awareness about the potential influence of LGBTQ-related stress on the client’s experience of depression and anxiety. It discusses how to provide psychoeducation about the nature and emotional impact of LGBTQ-related stress, beginning with how LGBTQ-related stress contributes to the client’s daily life. It also shows how a therapist must explore how LGBTQ-related stress contributes to the client’s daily life and well-being. The chapter is designed to help therapists make LGBTQ clients understand how early and ongoing LGBTQ-related stress might contribute to their experiences of anxiety and depression, the nature of their emotional responses to LGBTQ-related stress, and unhelpful coping behaviors in the face of LGBTQ-related stress. It notes that LGBTQ people are more than twice as likely to experience major depression, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder compared to their heterosexual peers.