bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time between two partial rewetting events influences the respiration flush and microbial growth after the final rewetting
Authors: Erinle Kehinde O. , Marschner Petra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effect of rapid rewetting of dry soil to a water content optimal for microbial activity on soil respiration and nutrient cycling has been extensively studied. However, with smaller rainfall events, dry soil may also rewet more slowly with an interval between partial rewetting events. In this experiment, soil unamended or amended with faba bean residue (C/N 9) was incubated at 50% water-holding capacity (WHC) for 2 weeks, then the soil of the rewet treatments was air-dried and incubated dry for 2 weeks. Then, the air-dried soil was exposed to six rewetting treatments: rewet rapidly to 50% WHC once on day 0 (RR50), rewet partially to 25% WHC once on day 0 (PR25), or rewet slowly by two applications of 25% WHC each with the first rewetting on day 0 and the second after 6 h (SR6), 12 h (SR12), 36 h (SR36), or 60 h (SR60). Constantly moist (CM) soil was kept at 50% WHC throughout the experiment. The flush of respiration after the final rewetting followed the order SR6 > RR50 > SR12 > SR36 > PR25, SR60. Microbial biomass C on the first day after the final rewetting decreased in the order RR50 > PR25 > SR6 > SR12 > SR 36 > SR60, CM. We conclude that slow rewetting can increase the flush of respiration compared to rapid rewetting, but only if the second partial rewetting occurs 6 h after the first. The size of the flush decreased with increasing time between the two rewetting events.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adults in Mediterranean countries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Obeid Cecile A. , Gubbels Jessica S. , Jaalouk Doris , Kremers Stef P. J. , Oenema Anke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
While the Mediterranean diet (MD) is promoted in non-Mediterranean countries, inhabitants of Mediterranean countries seem to be shifting away from this healthy diet. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of MD adherence in the general adult population of Mediterranean countries.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines and registered in the Prospero database (CRD42020189337). Literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases for studies published from 2010 up to and including 2021. The following inclusion criteria were used: age 18 years and older, sample size > 1000 participants, and using a validated MD adherence score. Studies that only included participants with nutrition-related or other severe chronic disorders, as well as studies that only included specific subpopulations (e.g., pregnant women), were excluded in order to focus on the general adult population. A quality analysis of the included studies was done using the NCCMT scale.

Results
A total of 50 studies were included. The number of participants in the included studies ranged between 1013 and 94,113. Most of the included studies pertained to the European Mediterranean countries, with fewer studies from the Middle Eastern and North African Mediterranean countries. The vast majority of the included studies reported low or moderate MD adherence, both based on the mean adherence as well as the low or moderate adherence category often being the most prevalent. There were no clear differences noted between sex and age groups. The quality assessment generally showed weak or moderate scores.

Conclusions
Mediterranean populations have been showing moderate adherence to MD in the past 10 years, indicating room for improving adherence to the MD in countries of its origin.
Assessing the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD57+ cells in advanced stage head and neck cancer using QuPath digital image analysis
Authors: de Ruiter Emma J. , Bisheshar Sangeeta K. , de Roest Reinout H. , Wesseling Frederik W. R. , Hoebers Frank J. P. , van den Hout Mari F. C. M. , Leemans C. René , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , de Bree Remco , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Willems Stefan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the prognostic value of intratumoral CD57+ cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to examine the reproducibility of these analyses using QuPath. Pretreatment biopsies of 159 patients with HPV-negative, stage III/IV HNSCC treated with chemoradiotherapy were immunohistochemically stained for CD57. The number of CD57+ cells per mm2 tumor epithelium was quantified by two independent observers and by QuPath, software for digital pathology image analysis. Concordance between the observers and QuPath was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The correlation between CD57 and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed; associations with clinical outcome were estimated using Cox proportional hazard analysis and visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves. The patient cohort had a 3-year OS of 65.8% with a median follow-up of 54 months. The number of CD57+ cells/mm2 tumor tissue did not correlate to OS, DFS, or LRC. N stage predicted prognosis (OS: HR 0.43, p = 0.008; DFS: HR 0.41, p = 0.003; LRC: HR 0.24, p = 0.007), as did WHO performance state (OS: HR 0.48, p = 0.028; LRC: 0.33, p = 0.039). Quantification by QuPath showed moderate to good concordance with two human observers (ICCs 0.836, CI 0.805–0.863, and 0.741, CI 0.692–0.783, respectively). In conclusion, the presence of CD57+ TILs did not correlate to prognosis in advanced stage, HPV-negative HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Substantial concordance between human observers and QuPath was found, confirming a promising future role for digital, algorithm driven image analysis.
Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis in northern Sweden: persisting symptoms in a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Sjöström Malin , Arvidsson M. , Söderström L. , Lilja M. , Lindh J. , Widerström M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2010–2011, a waterborne outbreak of the parasite, Cryptosporidium hominis, affected approximately 27,000 inhabitants in the city of Östersund, Sweden. Previous research suggested that post-infectious symptoms, such as gastrointestinal symptoms and joint pain, could persist for up to 2 years after the initial infection. In this study, we investigated whether the parasite caused post-infectious sequelae for up to 5 years after the outbreak. Prospective cohort study. A randomly selected cohort of individuals residing in Östersund at the time of the outbreak was sent a postal questionnaire in 2011. Responders were sent a follow-up questionnaire in 2016 and completed items on whether they experienced a list of symptoms. We examined whether outbreak cases were more likely than non-cases to report post-infectious symptoms 5 years later. We analysed data using logistic regression and calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis included 626 individuals. Among the 262 individuals infected during the outbreak, 56.5% reported symptoms at follow-up. Compared to non-cases, outbreak cases were more likely to report watery diarrhoea, diarrhoea, swollen joints, abdominal pain, bloating, joint discomfort, acid indigestion, alternating bowel habits, joint pain, ocular pain, nausea, and fatigue at the follow-up, after adjusting for age and sex. Our findings suggested that cryptosporidiosis was mainly associated with gastrointestinal- and joint-related post-infectious symptoms for up to 5 years after the infection.
Identification of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer germline variants in Granada (Spain): NGS perspective
Authors: Molina-Zayas María , Garrido-Navas Carmen , García-Puche Jose Luis , Barwell Julian , Pedrinaci Susana , Atienza Margarita Martínez , García-Linares Susana , de Haro-Muñoz Tomás , Lorente Jose Antonio , Serrano M. Jose , Poyatos-Andújar Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of germline variants in cancer-predisposing genes by either targeted (BRCA1/2) or multigene NGS panel in a high-risk Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) cohort. Samples from 824 Caucasian probands were retrospectively collected and the impact of genetic diagnosis and genetic variants epidemiology in this cohort was evaluated. Performance of risk-reducing prophylactic measures, such as prophylactic mastectomy and/or prophylactic oophorectomy, was assessed through clinical follow-up of patients with a positive genetic result. Pathogenic variants predisposing to HBOC were identified in 11.9% (98/824) individuals at BRCA2 (47/98), BRCA1 (24/98), PALB2 (8/51), ATM (7/51), CHEK2 (6/51) MSH6, (2/51), RAD51C (2/51) and TP53 (2/386). Of them, 11 novel pathogenic variants and 12 VUS were identified, characterized, and submitted to ClinVar. Regarding clinical impact, the risk of developing basal or Her2 breast cancer was increased 15.7 times or 37.5 times for BRCA1 and MSH6 pathogenic variants respectively. On the contrary, the risk of developing basal or luminal A breast cancer was reduced to 81% or 77% for BRCA2 and BRCA1 pathogenic variants, respectively. Finally, 53.2% of individuals testing positive for class IV/V variants underwent prophylactic surgery (mastectomy, oophorectomy or both) being significantly younger at the cancer diagnosis than those undertaking prophylactic measures (p = 0.008). Of them, 8 carried a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in other genes different from BRCA1 and BRCA2, and the remaining (46.7%) decided to continue with clinical follow-up. No differences in pathogenicity or risk of developing cancer were found for BRCA1/2 between targeted and multigene sequencing strategies; however, NGS was able to resolve a greater proportion of high-risk patients.
Patient-specific stomach biomechanics before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Toniolo Ilaria , Berardo Alice , Foletto Mirto , Fiorillo Claudio , Quero Giuseppe , Perretta Silvana , Carniel Emanuele Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity has become a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective therapeutic weapon in terms of weight loss and improvement of quality of life and comorbidities. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most performed procedures worldwide, although patients carry a nonnegligible risk of developing post-operative GERD and BE.

Objectives
The aim of this work is the development of computational patient-specific models to analyze the changes induced by bariatric surgery, i.e., the volumetric gastric reduction, the mechanical response of the stomach during an inflation process, and the related elongation strain (ES) distribution at different intragastric pressures.

Methods
Patient-specific pre- and post-surgical models were extracted from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of patients with morbid obesity submitted to LSG. Twenty-three patients were analyzed, resulting in forty-six 3D-geometries and related computational analyses.

Results
A significant difference between the mechanical behavior of pre- and post-surgical stomach subjected to the same internal gastric pressure was observed, that can be correlated to a change in the global stomach stiffness and a minor gastric wall tension, resulting in unusual activations of mechanoreceptors following food intake and satiety variation after LSG.

Conclusions
Computational patient-specific models may contribute to improve the current knowledge about anatomical and physiological changes induced by LSG, aiming at reducing post-operative complications and improving quality of life in the long run.
Learning multi-level representations for affective image recognition
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Dan , Luo Gaifang , He Kangjian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImages can convey intense affective experiences and affect people on an affective level. With the prevalence of online pictures and videos, evaluating emotions from visual content has attracted considerable attention. Affective image recognition aims to classify the emotions conveyed by digital images automatically. The existing studies using manual features or deep networks mainly focus on low-level visual features or high-level semantic representation without considering all factors. To better understand how deep networks are working for affective recognition tasks, we investigate the convolutional features by visualization them in this work. Our research shows that the hierarchical CNN model mainly relies on deep semantic information while ignoring the shallow visual details, which are essential to evoke emotions. To form a more general and discriminative representation, we propose a multi-level hybrid model that learns and integrates the deep semantics and shallow visual representations for sentiment classification. In addition, this study shows that class imbalance would affect performance as the main category of the affective dataset will overwhelm training and degenerate the deep networks. Therefore, a new loss function is introduced to optimize the deep affective model. Experimental results on several affective image recognition datasets show that our model outperforms various existing studies. The source code is publicly available.
A survey of visual and procedural handwriting analysis for neuropsychological assessment
Authors: Moetesum Momina , Diaz Moises , Masroor Uzma , Siddiqi Imran , Vessio Gennaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date, Artificial Intelligence systems for handwriting and drawing analysis have primarily targeted domains such as writer identification and sketch recognition. Conversely, the automatic characterization of graphomotor patterns asbiomarkersof brain health is a relatively less explored research area. Despite its importance, the work done in this direction is limited and sporadic. This paper aims to provide a survey of related work to provide guidance to novice researchers and highlight relevant study contributions. The literature has been grouped into “visual analysis techniques” and “procedural analysis techniques”. Visual analysis techniques evaluate offline samples of a graphomotor response after completion. On the other hand, procedural analysis techniques focus on the dynamic processes involved in producing a graphomotor reaction. Since the primary goal of both families of strategies is to represent domain knowledge effectively, the paper also outlines the commonly employed handwriting representation and estimation methods presented in the literature and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. It also highlights the limitations of existing processes and the challenges commonly faced when designing such systems. High-level directions for further research conclude the paper.
Minimal invasive interlaminar approach for untethering of fatty filum terminale in pediatric patients — how I do it
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Licci Maria , Terrier Axel , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Fatty filum terminale is a form of spinal dysraphism and a third of all patients develop symptoms such as sensory, motor, and urinary impairment. Early surgery at 6 months has the advantage that the bone density is still soft, and the patients are not ambulatory yet, promoting faster healing.

Method
We present our minimal invasive surgical technique for FFT untethering.

Conclusion
Due to the low complication rate and the potentially high benefit of surgery, prophylactic untethering is recommended.
Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Paeslack Nadja , Mimmler Maximilian , Becker Stefanie , Gao Zhenling , Khuu My Phung , Mann Amrit , Malinarich Frano , Regen Tommy , Reinhardt Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
Weighted-Average Least Squares (WALS): Confidence and Prediction Intervals
Authors: De Luca Giuseppe , Magnus Jan R. , Peracchi Franco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider inference for linear regression models estimated by weighted-average least squares (WALS), a frequentist model averaging approach with a Bayesian flavor. We propose a new simulation method that yields re-centered confidence and prediction intervals by exploiting the bias-corrected posterior mean as a frequentist estimator of a normal location parameter. We investigate the performance of WALS and several alternative estimators in an extensive set of Monte Carlo experiments that allow for increasing complexity of the model space and heteroskedastic, skewed, and thick-tailed regression errors. In addition to WALS, we include unrestricted and fully restricted least squares, two post-selection estimators based on classical information criteria, a penalization estimator, and Mallows and jackknife model averaging estimators. We show that, compared to the other approaches, WALS performs well in terms of the mean squared error of point estimates, and also in terms of coverage errors and lengths of confidence and prediction intervals.
The Celerity High-level API: C++20 for Accelerator Clusters
Authors: Thoman Peter , Tischler Florian , Salzmann Philip , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProviding convenient APIs and notations for data parallelism which remain accessible for programmers while still providing good performance has been a long-term goal of researchers as well as language and library designers. C++20 introduces ranges and views, as well as the composition of operations on them using a concise syntax, but the efficient implementation of these library features is restricted to CPUs. We present the Celerity High-level API, which makes similarly concise mechanisms applicable to GPUs and accelerators, and even distributed memory clusters of GPUs. Crucially, we achieve this very high level of abstraction without a significant negative impact on performance compared to a lower-level implementation, and without introducing any non-standard toolchain components or compilers, by implementing a C++ library infrastructure on top of the Celerity system. This is made possible by two central API design and implementation strategies, which form the core of our contribution. Firstly, gathering as much information as possible at compile-time and using metaprogramming techniques to automatically fuse several distinctly formulated processing steps into a single accelerator kernel invocation. And secondly, leveraging C++20 “Concepts” in order to avoid type erasure, allowing for highly efficient code generation. We have evaluated our approach quantitatively in a comparison to lower-level manual implementations of several benchmarks, demonstrating its low overhead. Additionally, we investigated the individual performance impact of our specific optimizations and design choices, illustrating the advantages afforded by a Concepts-based approach.
Sparse Hard-Disk Packings and Local Markov Chains
Authors: Höllmer Philipp , Noirault Nicolas , Li Botao , Maggs A. C. , Krauth Werner 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose locally stable sparse hard-disk packings, as introduced by Böröczky, as a model for the analysis and benchmarking of Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. We first generate such Böröczky packings in a square box with periodic boundary conditions and analyze their properties. We then study how local MCMC algorithms, namely the Metropolis algorithm and several versions of event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC), escape from configurations that are obtained from the packings by slightly reducing all disk radii by a relaxation parameter. We obtain two classes of ECMC, one in which the escape time varies algebraically with the relaxation parameter (as for the local Metropolis algorithm) and another in which the escape time scales as the logarithm of the relaxation parameter. A scaling analysis is confirmed by simulation results. We discuss the connectivity of the hard-disk sample space, the ergodicity of local MCMC algorithms, as well as the meaning of packings in the context of theNPTensemble. Our work is accompanied by open-source, arbitrary-precision software for Böröczky packings (in Python) and for straight, reflective, forward, and Newtonian ECMC (in Go).
Science Concept Formation During Infancy, Toddlerhood, and Early Childhood: Developing a Scientific Motive Over Time
Authors: Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Fleer Marilyn , Rai Prabhat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA substantial number of empirical studies in the field of Early Childhood Science Education have explored science concept formation in early childhood educational settings. Most of these studies focus on the process of science concept formation during a teaching intervention or a school year period. However, less is known about how children form science concepts over the first years of their lives. This longitudinal study aimed at studying the process of science concept formation during the first five years of children’s life within educational settings. Following a cultural–historical approach, the study explored how children develop a science motive from infancy, toddlerhood, and into early childhood and how teachers create the conditions for the development of a motive orientation towards science over time. A cohort of 50 children in Australia participated in the study. Indicative case examples are presented. The research design drew on the Conceptual PlayWorld model, a collective form of practice for learning and development through imagination and play. Digital visual methods were used for data collection and analysis. The findings illustrated that a science motive is developed when the motive of play and the motive of learning in science are dialectically interrelated over time. It was also shown that teachers create a motive orientation towards science by introducing, maintaining, and transforming an ideal form of science in the children’s environment and by stimulating children to interact with mature forms of science. The study concludes with insights into early childhood science education research methodology, and implications that inform practice are discussed.