bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False-negative and false-positive outcomes of computer-aided detection on brain metastasis: Secondary analysis of a multicenter, multireader study
Authors: Luo Xiao , Yang Yadi , Yin Shaohan , Li Hui , Zhang Weijing , Xu Guixiao , Fan Weixiong , Zheng Dechun , Li Jianpeng , Shen Dinggang , Gao Yaozong , Shao Ying , Ban Xiaohua , Li Jing , Lian Shanshan , Zhang Cheng , Ma Lidi , Lin Cuiping , Luo Yingwei , Zhou Fan , Wang Shiyuan , Sun Ying , Zhang Rong , Xie Chuanmiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundErrors have seldom been evaluated in computer-aided detection on brain metastases. This study aimed to analyze false negatives (FNs) and false positives (FPs) generated by a brain metastasis detection system (BMDS) and by readers.MethodsA deep learning-based BMDS was developed and prospectively validated in a multicenter, multireader study. Ad hoc secondary analysis was restricted to the prospective participants (148 with 1,066 brain metastases and 152 normal controls). Three trainees and 3 experienced radiologists read the MRI images without and with the BMDS. The number of FNs and FPs per patient, jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic figure of merit (FOM), and lesion features associated with FNs were analyzed for the BMDS and readers using binary logistic regression.ResultsThe FNs, FPs, and the FOM of the stand-alone BMDS were 0.49, 0.38, and 0.97, respectively. Compared with independent reading, BMDS-assisted reading generated 79% fewer FNs (1.98 vs 0.42, P &lt; .001); 41% more FPs (0.17 vs 0.24, P &lt; .001) but 125% more FPs for trainees (P &lt; .001); and higher FOM (0.87 vs 0.98, P &lt; .001). Lesions with small size, greater number, irregular shape, lower signal intensity, and located on nonbrain surface were associated with FNs for readers. Small, irregular, and necrotic lesions were more frequently found in FNs for BMDS. The FPs mainly resulted from small blood vessels for the BMDS and the readers.ConclusionsDespite the improvement in detection performance, attention should be paid to FPs and small lesions with lower enhancement for radiologists, especially for less-experienced radiologists.
Probable role of exosomes in the extension of fibrotic alterations from affected to normal cells in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jimenez Sergio A , Piera-Velazquez Sonsoles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSSc is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by frequently progressive cutaneous and internal organ fibrosis causing severe disability, organ failure and high mortality. A remarkable feature of SSc is the extension of the fibrotic alterations to nonaffected tissues. The mechanisms involved in the extension of fibrosis have remained elusive. We propose that this process is mediated by exosome microvesicles released from SSc-affected cells that induce an activated profibrotic phenotype in normal or nonaffected cells. Exosomes are secreted microvesicles involved in an intercellular communication system. Exosomes can transfer their macromolecular content to distant target cells and induce paracrine effects in the recipient cells, changing their molecular pathways and gene expression. Confirmation of this hypothesis may identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for extension of the SSc fibrotic process from affected cells to nonaffected cells and may allow the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the disease.
Classifying the corporation: the role of naturalizing analogies in American corporate development, 1870–1930
Authors: Knight Carly R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the American corporation is now taken for granted as a private market actor, the corporation was once just as readily accepted as a quasi-public ‘creature of the state.’ This conceptual shift marks one of the most historically consequential instances of conceptual reclassification in American economic history. How was an understanding of the corporation as subordinate to the state replaced with an understanding of the corporation as prior to the state? In this article, I demonstrate that the symbolic privatization of the corporation was the joint product of both liberal and progressive legal theorizing. Further, I show that ‘naturalizing analogies’ are key to understanding this conceptual transformation. In tracing the legal theorization of the corporation, I show how the instability of naturalizing analogies, and their ability to entail associations beyond those intended by their proponents, played a role in corporate reclassification and are therefore critical to understanding the symbolic structure of corporate capitalism.
Post-COVID-19 neurologic syndrome
Authors: Luciew Joshua D. , Erickson Rodney A. , Kaufman Tara K. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 quickly escalated to a global pandemic in 2020. As research on the topic continues, the medical community has found that this acute illness can cause a new chronic illness: postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Some patients with PASC develop predominately neurologic sequelae (post-COVID-19 neurologic syndrome or PCNS). This article describes PASC and PCNS, their proposed pathogenicity and possible neurovirulence mechanisms, symptoms, and treatment recommendations.
Avascular Necrosis and Time to Surgery for Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Talal , Ball Matthew , Riaz Muhammad , Kenawey Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a well-known complication of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and its cause is multifactorial. Higher AVN rates have been reported with surgery undertaken between 24 hours to 7 days from the onset of symptoms. The current evidence regarding time to surgery and AVN rate remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the rate of AVN and time to surgery in unstable SCFE.

Methods:
A literature search of several databases was conducted. Eligibility criteria included all studies that reported AVN rates and time to surgery in unstable SCFE patients. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to pool the rate of AVN in unstable SCFE using different time to surgery subgroups (≤24 h, 24 h - 7 d and >7 d). Descriptive, quantitative and qualitative data were extracted.

Results:
Twelve studies matched our eligibility criteria. In total, there were 434 unstable SCFE of which 244 underwent closed reduction (CR). The pooled AVN rates were 24% [95% CI: 16%-35%] and 29% [95% CI: 16%-45%] for the total and CR groups, respectively. The highest AVN rates were with surgery between 24 hours to 7 days, 42% and 54% for the total and CR groups, respectively. The lowest rates of AVN were with time to surgery ≤24 hours (22% and 21% respectively) and >7 days (18% and 29% respectively). These differences were not statistically significant. There was significant subgroup heterogeneity which was highest in the 24 hours - 7 days subgroup and lowest in the >7 days subgroup.

Conclusions:
The cumulative evidence was not conclusive for an association between AVN rate and time to surgery. The overall AVN rates were lower in unstable SCFE patients who had surgery ≤24 hours and >7 days. However, treatment techniques were very variable and there was significant heterogeneity in the included studies. Multi-centre prospective studies are required with well-defined time to surgery outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III/IV.
An Anatomic Study of the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis With Relevance to Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Using Transphyseal Screws (PETS)
Authors: Do Michael T. , McCarthy Conor F. , Cooperman Daniel R. , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) is a common procedure to correct lower extremity limb-length discrepancies in the pediatric population. A potential complication of this procedure is development of tibial valgus deformity, which may occur secondary to decreased screw purchase in the thinner medial proximal tibial epiphysis. The thickness of the proximal tibial epiphysis has not yet been well quantified, which was the aim of this study.

Methods:
Three-dimensional surface scans of 32 cadaveric proximal tibial epiphyses in specimens aged 3 to 17 years old were obtained and computer modeling software was utilized to measure the thickness of the proximal tibial epiphysis at 20 standardized potential screw insertion points according to a generated 5×4 map.

Results:
When normalized to the total width of the proximal tibial epiphysis, the lateral side is thicker compared with the medial side. The positions with the greatest thickness are located at the midline in the sagittal plane and 33% of the total physeal width away from the medial and lateral edges in the coronal plane (0.265 and 0.261 normalized thickness, respectively). The proximal tibial epiphysis is particularly thin 25% from the medial edge (normalized thickness range: 0.196 to 0.221). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between increasing age and female sex with thinner normalized medial and lateral heights.

Conclusions:
During PETS, areas for greater screw purchase are located centrally in the sagittal plane and 33% of the total width away from the medial and lateral edges of the proximal tibial epiphysis in the coronal plane. Caution should be taken when inserting screws in the medial 25% of the proximal tibial epiphysis as it is thinner relative to the lateral edge, particularly in females.

Clinical Relevance:
This study provides quantitative, anatomic data on the thickness of the proximal tibial epiphysis, which can direct screw placement during PETS for correcting limb-length discrepancies. These data may help lessen the risk of developing tibial valgus deformity although future clinical studies are necessary to fully evaluate this possibility.
Semispinalis Cervicis Sarcopenia is Associated With Worsening Cervical Sagittal Balance and Junctional Alignment Following Posterior Cervical Fusion for Myelopathy
Authors: Pinter Zachariah W. , Salmons Harold I. , Townsley Sarah , Omar Adan , Michalopoulos Giorgos , Freedman Brett A. , Currier Bradford L. , Elder Benjamin D. , Nassr Ahmad N. , Bydon Mohamad , Fogelson Jeremy , Sebastian Arjun S. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The present study is the first to investigate whether cervical paraspinal sarcopenia is associated with cervicothoracic sagittal alignment parameters after posterior cervical fusion (PCF).

Summary of Background Data:
Few studies have investigated the association between sarcopenia and postoperative outcomes after cervical spine surgery.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing PCF from C2–T2 at a single institution between the years 2017–2020. Two independent reviewers utilized axial cuts of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences to perform Goutallier classification of the bilateral semispinalis cervicis (SSC) muscles. Cervical sagittal alignment parameters were compared between subgroups based upon severity of SSC sarcopenia.

Results:
We identified 61 patients for inclusion in this study, including 19 patients with mild SSC sarcopenia and 42 patients with moderate or severe SSC sarcopenia. The moderate-severe sarcopenia subgroup demonstrated a significantly larger change in C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (+6.8 mm) from the 3-month to 1-year postoperative follow-up in comparison to the mild sarcopenia subgroup (−2.0 mm; P=0.02). The subgroup of patients with moderate-severe sarcopenia also demonstrated an increase in T1–T4 kyphosis (10.9–14.2, P=0.007), T1 slope (28.2–32.4, P=0.003), and C2 slope (24.1–27.3, P=0.05) from 3-month to 1-year postoperatively and a significant decrease in C1-occiput distance (6.3–4.1, P=0.002) during this same interval.

Conclusions:
In a uniform cohort of patients undergoing PCF from C2–T2, SSC sarcopenia was associated with worsening cervicothoracic alignment from 3-month to 1-year postoperatively.
Axial Neck-Shoulder Pain After Posterior Correction and Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Structural Thoracic Curve
Authors: Watanabe Kei , Ohashi Masayuki , Tashi Hideki , Shibuya Yohei , Makino Tatsuo , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Hirano Toru 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data.

Objectives:
To investigate the incidence and impact of fusion to the upper thoracic spine on neck-shoulder symptoms after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data:
Axial neck-shoulder pain is established as a sequela of posterior cervical spine surgery and is mainly caused by the dissection of extensor muscles in the cervical and upper thoracic spine.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-three female patients with AIS who underwent PSF using segmental pedicle screw constructs for structural main thoracic curve with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Axial neck-shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analog scale and cervical spine function domain score of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire. The patients were divided into 2 groups, a higher group (underwent fusion up to T3 or above, n=27) and a lower group (underwent fusion up to T4 or below, n=36), and radiologic and clinical outcomes were compared.

Results:
The incidence of axial neck-shoulder pain (visual analog scale ≥30) preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up was 29 and 40%, respectively. The pain and mental health domains of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 and cervical spine function domain of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire were correlated with the severity of axial neck pain. In the comparison of clinical outcomes between the 2 groups, the pain domain score of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 in the lower group was significantly better than that in the higher group at the 2-year follow-up (P<0.05). Other parameters showed no significant differences preoperatively or at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Female patients with AIS had a relatively high incidence of axial neck-shoulder pain after PSF, which affected their health-related quality of life. Both groups showed similar clinical outcomes, and the cranial fusion level did not affect axial neck-shoulder pain and cervical spine function.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.
Advancing Curriculum Development and Design in Health Professions Education: A Health Equity and Inclusion Framework for Education Programs
Authors: Agic Branka , Fruitman Howard , Maharaj Asha , Taylor Jessica , Ashraf Aamna , Henderson Joanna , Ronda Natalia , McKenzie Kwame , Soklaridis Sophie , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing health inequities in vulnerable and marginalized patient populations. Continuing professional development (CPD) can be a critical driver of change to improve quality of care, health inequities, and system change. In order for CPD to address these disparities in care for patient populations most affected in the health care system, CPD programs must first address issues of equity and inclusion in their education development and delivery. Despite the need for equitable and inclusive CPD programs, there remains a paucity of tools and frameworks available in the literature to guide CPD and broader education providers on how best to develop and deliver equitable and inclusive education programs. In this article, we describe the development and application of a Health Equity and Inclusion (HEI) Framework for education and training grounded in the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model for instructional design. Using a case example, specifically a hospital-wide trauma-informed de-escalation for safety program, we demonstrate how the HEI Framework can be applied practically to CPD programs to support equity and inclusion in the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation phases of education program delivery. The case example illustrates how the HEI Framework can be used by CPD providers to respect learner diversity, improve accessibility for all learners, foster inclusion, and address biases and stereotypes. We suggest that the HEI Framework can serve as an educational resource for CPD providers and health professions educators aiming to create equitable and inclusive CPD programs.
Risk Factors for GDM in Subsequent Pregnancy Among Women Without GDM History in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Song Geng , Wei Yumei , Juan Juan , Su Rina , Yan Jianying , Xiao Mei , Zhao Xianlan , Zhang Meihua , Ma Yuyan , Liu Haiwei , Sun Jingxia , Hu Kejia , Yang Huixia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine the likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in subsequent pregnancy among women without GDM history and to identify risk factors for GDM in subsequent pregnancy.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study involved participants who delivered twice in same hospital of 18 research centers when delivered the second baby from January 2018 to December 2018. Finally 6204 women were enrolled and 5180 women without GDM history were analyzed further. Women were categorized as non-GDM or GDM based on the blood glucose values of the subsequent pregnancy, and the characteristics and GDM risk of these groups were compared. A univariate analysis of potential risk factors was performed using the Chi-squared test and/or t-test for qualitative or quantitative variables, respectively. Associations with P values <0.1 were chosen to be included in the multivariate binary logistic regression model.

Results
In primary analysis of 6204 women, the incidence of GDM in subsequent pregnancy is 48.9% (490/1002) in women with GDM history and 16.1% (835/5202) in women without GDM history. In a further analysis for 5180 women without GDM at index pregnancy, compared with the non-GDM group, the GDM group had a significantly higher age, prepregnancy body mass index, and blood glucose value at each oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) timepoint (fasting, 1h and 2h) during the index and subsequent pregnancies, as well as higher weight retention during the interval between the two pregnancies (P<0.001). Age above 35years in subsequent pregnancy (odds ratio (OR)=1.540, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.257–1.886, P<0.001), macrosomia in index pregnancy (OR=1.749, 95% CI=1.277–2.395, P<0.001), OGTT blood glucose values in index pregnancy (fasting, OR=2.487, 95% CI=1.883–3.285, P<0.001; 1h, OR=1.142, 95% CI=1.051–1.241, P<0.001; 2h, OR=1.290, 95% CI=1.162–1.432, P<0.001) and weight retention (OR=1.052, 95% CI=1.035–1.068, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for GDM in subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusion
For women without GDM history, GDM risk factors including age, macrosomia history, OGTT value, and weight retention, these can be evaluated before a subsequent pregnancy. Early warning and interventions are needed for women at high risk.
Potential effects of virtual interventions for menopause management: a systematic review
Authors: Zou Ping , D'Souza Daniel , Luo Yan , Sun Winnie , Zhang Hui , Yang Yeqin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Importance
Menopausal women are one of the fastest growing demographic groups globally. Virtual interventions have emerged as alternate avenues for menopausal women to manage and cope with their symptoms.

Objective
The purpose of this review is to summarize existing research on the potential effects of virtual interventions for menopause management.

Evidence Review
This systematic review was written in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, ERIC, ProQuest, Nursing and Allied Health Database, PsychARTICLES, and Sociology Database were used for literature search and searched from conception to December 2021. Original studies, including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies, were included if they evaluated a virtual intervention for menopause management and investigated the effects of these interventions on physical and psychosocial outcomes and/or the feasibility of these interventions among menopausal women. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed journals and assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklists.

Findings
A total of 16 articles were included in this review. Virtual interventions have the potential to improve physical health outcomes including body weight/body mass index/waist circumference, pain, blood pressure, and cholesterol. However, conflicting results were identified for the outcomes of vasomotor and endocrine symptoms, sleep, and sexual functioning. Virtual interventions might also improve psychosocial outcomes, including knowledge and patient-physician communication, although conflicting results were again identified for treatment decision-making ability, quality of life, and anxiety and depression. Virtual interventions were feasible in terms of being usable and cost-effective, and eliciting satisfaction and compliance among menopausal women.

Conclusions and Relevance
Virtual interventions might have the potential to improve the physical and psychosocial health outcomes of menopausal women, although some conflicting findings arose. Future studies should focus on including diverse menopausal women and ethnic minorities, conducting research within low- to middle-income countries and communities, further exploring intervention design to incorporate features that are age and culture sensitive, and conducting full randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of the interventions.
Guideline Awareness Disparities in Plastic Surgery: A Survey of American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Rames Jess D. , Lane Whitney O. , Phillips Brett T. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) clinical practice guidelines were constructed to help direct evidence-based surgical management in plastic surgery. Societal member awareness of the recommendations for breast reconstruction has yet to be studied among ASPS members.

Methods:
Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using electronic survey data from 243 ASPS members. Characteristics, including respondent demographics, practice distribution, and geographic locations, were correlated to the awareness of autologous and expander/implant-based reconstruction guidelines.

Results:
Of the respondents, 52% and 35.7% reported awareness for autologous breast reconstruction and expander/implant-based reconstruction guidelines, respectively. Surgeons who performed more general and autologous breast reconstruction were more likely to be aware of autologous breast reconstruction and expander/implant-based guidelines (P = 0.0034 and 0.032). Autologous breast reconstruction guideline awareness was geographically disparate (P = 0.031), with greater awareness in the Northeast (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.63–12.53; P = 0.01) and Southwest (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.18–13.83; P = 0.01). Respondents with larger practice percentages of breast reconstruction and those with higher annual academic meeting attendance reported greater awareness of expander/implant-based guidelines (P = 0.044 and 0.040). Meeting attendance (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.15–8.91; P = 0.022) and practice-based (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.52–8.91; P = 0.027) awareness disparities were also appreciated on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
Guideline awareness in plastic surgery varies by practice composition and geography. These findings can be used to help inform more targeted educational and implementation strategies in breast reconstruction.

Clinical Question/Level of Evidence:
Quality Improvement/Level IV