bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference-based comparison of adaptive immune receptor repertoires
Authors: Weber Cédric R. , Rubio Teresa , Wang Longlong , Zhang Wei , Robert Philippe A. , Akbar Rahmad , Snapkov Igor , Wu Jinghua , Kuijjer Marieke L. , Tarazona Sonia , Conesa Ana , Sandve Geir K. , Liu Xiao , Reddy Sai T. , Greiff Victor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractB- and T-cell receptor (immune) repertoires can represent an individual’s immune history. While current repertoire analysis methods aim to discriminate between health and disease states, they are typically based on only a limited number of parameters (e.g., clonal diversity, germline usage). Here, we introduce immuneREF: a quantitative multi-dimensional measure of adaptive immune repertoire (and transcriptome) similarity that allows interpretation of immune repertoire variation by relying on both repertoire features and cross-referencing of simulated and experimental datasets. immuneREF is implemented in an R package and was validated based on detection sensitivity of immune repertoires with known similarities and dissimilarities. To quantify immune repertoire similarity landscapes across health and disease, we applied immuneREF to >2400 datasets from individuals with varying immune states (healthy, [autoimmune] disease and infection [Covid-19], immune cell population). Importantly we discovered, in contrast to the current paradigm, that blood-derived immune repertoires of healthy and diseased individuals are highly similar for certain immune states, suggesting that repertoire changes to immune perturbations are less pronounced than previously thought. In conclusion, immuneREF implements population-wide analysis of immune repertoire similarity and thus enables the study of the adaptive immune response across health and disease states.
Tau and stathmin proteins in breast cancer: A potential therapeutic target
Authors: Yang Hanzhao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women, responsible for 30% of all malignant tumours, and the second most significant reason of cancer fatality in women. Treatment failure and tumour recurrence are common outcomes of chemotherapy when patients develop multidrug resistance (MDR). New therapeutic methods like molecularly targeted therapeutic interventions need a thorough understanding of malignant tumour's molecular processes. Numerous studies published in the last few years indicate that stathmin and tubulin‐associated units (tau) are upregulated in a range of human malignant tumours, suggesting that they may enhance the incidence and progression of malignancies. By promoting cancer cell reproduction, infiltration and generating drug resistance, these proteins aid in the disease's development. Existing information on the expression of tau protein and stathmin in breast cancer, as well as their involvement in treatment methods, is summarized in this literature review.
The long road
Authors: SAMANANI FARHAN 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTStreet cultures remain a challenging topic for anthropological analysis, reflecting broader disciplinary tensions. Approaches that focus on structure and power tend to provide overly deterministic accounts of action, especially regarding violence, while attempts to trace ethical striving have tended to characterize street cultures as domains of ethical failure or as defined by the pursuit of short‐term pleasures. Navigating between these approaches, I draw on ethnographic accounts from “the Caldwell,” a deprived London social housing estate, to argue that ethical registers are an important locus of ethical life. Youth strive to build worthwhile lives not simply by adopting particular ethical stances, but by pushing on the limits of available stances by weaving these together into a broader ethical register. For many young people involved with the Caldwell's street culture, ethical striving is inextricable from, and may even primarily entail, efforts to cultivate collective registers, which entangle criminal and noncriminal horizons. [street culture,gangs,violence,ethics,inequality,exclusion,hip‐hop,stance,register,London]
Analysis of the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on corporate environmental proactivity—based on the perspective of political connections
Authors: Yi Zhaoqiang , Wu Lihua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the favorable effects of political connections on corporate environmental proactivity (CEP). However, few studies have further verified whether this is definitively the case under environmental regulations and their underlying reasons, which would help elucidate the performance and motivation of politically connected firms’ (PCFs’) environmental proactivity. Using data from Chinese A‐shares‐listed industrial firms from 2010 to 2016, we find that environmental regulations can significantly improve CEP. Compared with non‐politically connected firms (NPCFs), PCFs are more responsive to environmental regulations. Counterfactual analysis based on corporate resource conditions suggests that firms that are more supported by government in debt financing and show higher environmental proactivity are only found in PCF samples. In order to maintain this political relationship and continuously obtain debt financing support, PCFs tend to “bind” their business decisions to the government’s environmental governance objectives and display higher environmental proactivity. In summary, PCFs’ environmental proactivity involves self‐interest decisions based on their resource conditions.
Functional loss of ubiquitin‐specific protease 14 may lead to a novel distal arthrogryposis phenotype
Authors: Turgut Gozde Tutku , Altunoglu Umut , Sivrikoz Tugba Sarac , Toksoy Guven , Kalaycı Tuğba , Avcı Şahin , Karaman Birsen , Gulec Cagri , Başaran Seher , Sayın Gözde Yeşil , Kayserili Hulya , Uyguner Zehra Oya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple congenital contractures (MCC) comprise a number of rare, non‐progressive conditions displaying marked phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity. A genetic cause can be established in approximately half of the affected individuals, attributed to genetic defects in the formation and functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, skeletal muscles, and connective tissue. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 14 (USP14) encodes a major proteasome‐associated deubiquitinating enzyme with an established dual role as an inhibitor and an activator of proteolysis, maintaining protein homeostasis. Usp14‐deficient mice show a phenotype similar to lethal human MCC phenotypes, with callosal anomalies, muscle wasting, and early lethality, attributed to neuromuscular junction defects due to decreased monomeric ubiquitin pool. We describe a new, autosomal recessive MCC phenotype in three fetuses from two different branches of a consanguineous family, presenting with distal arthrogryposis, underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facial features. Exome sequencing identified a biallelic 4‐bp deletion (c.233_236delTTCC; p.Leu78Glnfs*11, SCV002028347) in USP14, and sequencing of family members showed segregation with the phenotype. RT‐qPCR experiment in an unaffected heterozygote revealed that mutant USP14 was expressed, indicating that abnormal transcript escapes nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. We propose that herein described fetuses represent the first human phenotype of USP14 loss, with callosal anomalies and/or cortical malformations, multiple contractures, and recognizable dysmorphic facial features.
Characterizing the Details of Spatial Construction: Cognitive Constraints and Variability
Authors: Shelton Amy Lynne , Davis E. Emory , Cortesa Cathryn S. , Jones Jonathan D. , Hager Gregory D. , Khudanpur Sanjeev , Landau Barbara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpatial construction—the activity of creating novel spatial arrangements or copying existing ones—is a hallmark of human spatial cognition. Spatial construction abilities predict math and other academic outcomes and are regularly used in IQ testing, but we know little about the cognitive processes that underlie them. In part, this lack of understanding is due to both the complex nature of construction tasks and the tendency to limit measurement to the overall accuracy of the end goal. Using an automated recording and coding system, we examined in detail adults’ performance on a block copying task, specifying their step‐by‐step actions, culminating in all steps in the full construction of the build‐path. The results revealed the consistent use of a structured plan that unfolded in an organized way, layer by layer (bottom to top). We also observed that complete layers served as convergence points, where the most agreement among participants occurred, whereas the specific steps taken to achieve each of those layers diverged, or varied, both across and even within individuals. This pattern of convergence and divergence suggests that the layers themselves were serving as the common subgoals across both inter and intraindividual builds of the same model, reflecting cognitive “chunking.” This structured use of layers as subgoals was functionally related to better performance among builders. Our findings offer a foundation for further exploration that may yield insights into the development and training of block‐construction as well as other complex cognitive‐motor skills. In addition, this work offers proof‐of‐concept for systematic investigation into a wide range of complex action‐based cognitive tasks.
Usefulness of longitudinal systolic strain and delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance in depicting risk of supraventricular arrythmias in patients with acute myocarditis and preserved left ventricular function
Authors: Novo Giuseppina , Di Lisi Daniela , La Franca Eluisa , Carmina Maria Gabriella , Trovato Rosaria Linda , Romano Giuseppe , Novo Salvatore , Clemenza Francesco , Di Bella Gianluca , Bellavia Diego 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyocarditis have variable clinical presentation, evolution and prognosis. Aim of our study was to evaluate the value of speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the short‐term prediction of supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) in patients with acute myocarditis.MethodsSeventy patients (mean age 31±14 years old) with acute myocarditis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were enrolled. Longitudinal systolic strain (LS) of the left ventricle (LV), mechanical dispersion (MD) and CMR with quantitative measurement of delayed enhancement (DE) were performed in a subset of 43 patients. Logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to identify predictors of SVAResultsOnly LS measured at sup‐epicardial, mid‐wall and sub‐endocardial level of the apical 4‐chamber view was significantly lower in patients with SVA, while MD was marginally prolonged in this setting. A value of LS > ‐ 16.1% measured at LV mid‐wall in the apical 4‐chamber view (ROC‐AUC .75, Sensitivity 63%, Specificity 85%) was the most accurate measure to identify patients with SVA. DE mass was also helpful with a ROC‐AUC .76; a DE‐Mass > 18.9 gr. had a Sensitivity 63% and a Specificity 77%, to identify patients at risk of SVA.ConclusionsBoth DE mass and LS were associated with higher risk of SVA in patients with acute myocarditis and preserved LVEF. However, LS measured at the mid‐wall level and limited to LV segments included in the apical 4‐chamber view was the most accurate measure and did not show interaction with DE mass.
Current‐dependent ocular tilt reaction in deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: Evidence for an incerto‐interstitial pathway?
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian U. , Eldebakey Hazem , Roothans Jonas , Capetian Philipp , Zwergal Andreas , Volkmann Jens , Reich Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to characterize a combined vestibular, ocular motor and postural syndrome induced by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus in a patient with Parkinson's disease.MethodsIn a systematic DBS programming session, eye, head and trunk position in roll and pitch plane were documented as a function of stimulation amplitude and field direction. Repeat ocular coherence tomography was used to estimate ocular torsion. The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), zona incerta (ZI) and ascending vestibular fibre tracts were segmented on magnetic resonance imaging using both individual and normative structural connectomic data. Thresholded symptom‐associated volumes of tissue activated (VTA) were calculated based on documented stimulation parameters.ResultsIpsilateral ocular tilt reaction and body lateropulsion as well as contralateral torsional nystagmus were elicited by the right electrode in a current‐dependent manner and subsided after DBS deactivation. With increasing currents, binocular tonic upgaze and body retropulsion were observed. Symptoms were consistent with an irritative effect on the INC. Symptom‐associated VTA was found to overlap with the dorsal ZI and the ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract, while lying rather distant to the INC proper. A ZI‐to‐INC ‘incerto‐interstitial’ tract with contact to the medial‐uppermost portion of the VTA could be traced.ConclusionUnilateral stimulation of INC‐related circuitry induces an ipsilateral vestibular, ocular motor and postural roll‐plane syndrome, which converts into a pitch‐plane syndrome when functional activation expands bilaterally. In this case, tractography points to an incerto‐interstitial pathway, a tract previously only characterized in non‐human primates. Directional current steering proved useful in managing this rare side effect.
Legal segmentation and early colonialism in sub‐Saharan Africa: Informality and the colonial exploitative legal employment standard
Authors: FECHNER Heiner 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLabour markets in sub‐Saharan Africa are characterized by a gendered division between formal and informal sectors. This article argues that this division originates from a rationality introduced by racist and gendered colonial legal segmentation, produced by a variety of legal regimes in and beyond employment law. Labour market segmentation in postcolonial settings cannot be understood or overcome without analysing the specific colonial institutional origins of the commodification of labour. In sub‐Saharan Africa, the “colonial exploitative legal employment standard” that commodified labour focused on black African male employees for European employers, excluding or marginalizing women and domestic labour relations.
Pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon ablation versus RF ablation using ablation index following the CLOSE protocol: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Theis Cathrin , Kaiser Bastian , Kaesemann Philipp , Hui Felix , Pirozzolo Giancarlo , Bekeredjian Raffi , Huber Carola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe single procedure success rates of durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) vary between 80% and 90%. This prospective, randomized study investigated the efficacy of cryoballoon PVI (CBA) versus PVI with radio‐frequency (RF)‐energy following the CLOSE protocol (ablation index [AI], interlesion distance ≤6 mm, surround flow catheter) in terms of single‐procedure arrhythmia‐free outcome and safety.Methods and ResultsA total number of 150 patients undergoing de novo catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF were randomized to two different treatment arms. In group A patients, PVI was performed with the 23 or 28 mm cryoballoon (Artic Front™ Balloon in conjunction with an Achieve Mapping Catheter, Medtronic Inc.). The ablation procedure in group B was performed with RF‐energy, using AI and following the CLOSE protocol. PVI using AI incorporates stability, contact force (CF), time, and power. The CLOSE protocol combines AI and ≤6 mm interlesion distance using a surround flow catheter (Biosense Webster Thermocool STSF). A total of 75 patients were randomized into each group without significant differences in baseline characteristics. During a mean follow‐up of 12 ± 4.5 months after a single procedure, 64 (85.33%) patients of group A were free of arrhythmia recurrence versus 65 (86.67%) patients in group B (p = ns). A total of 14 patients (group A: 7 [9.33%]; group B: 7 [9.33%]; p = ns) underwent a redo‐procedure. No significant difference between both groups was observed in terms of PV recovery (group A: 4 [5.33%] vs. group B: 3 [4%]; p = ns). In two patients of group A and four patients of group B, the PVs were durably isolated, whereas the patients had AF recurrence caused by extra‐PV AF sources. Two patients of each group had continued paroxysmal AF but did not undergo redo‐procedure. Patients of group A showed significantly more AF recurrence during the blanking period of 3 months (group A: 14 [18.67%] vs. group B: 6 [8%]; p < .05). With regard to the procedural data, the procedure time was significantly shorter in group A (70.53 ± 16.13 vs. 115.35 ± 15.38; p < .01); the flouroscopy time and dose area product showed no significant differences (Table 2). Both procedures were performed with a low number of complications; no pericardial effusion was seen in either group; in group A two patients had a significant hematoma of the groin with the need for surgical repair.ConclusionsCryoballoon PVI and PVI using ablation index following the CLOSE protocol are equally efficient in achieving durable PV isolation. In this study, cryoballoon ablation led to significantly more AF recurrence during the blanking period.
Role of tide and lunar phases on the migration pattern of juvenile Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) within a meso‐macrotidal estuary
Authors: Giri Sandip , Chanda Abhra , Maity Sourav , Chakraborty Kunal , Hazra Sugata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTide and lunar phases often influence the behaviour and life cycle of different fishes, especially migratory species. In the Hooghly River estuary, Hilsa shad is an anadromous fish species that migrates from the adjacent sea to the estuary and rivers for spawning. After spawning, the juveniles remain in the rivers and estuary for few months then start their downstream migration towards the adjacent sea. However, the pattern of their downstream migration has not been studied in detail so far. This study investigates the role of tide and lunar phases on the juvenile Hilsa shad migration pattern. In this study, we have estimated the rate of juveniles migrating through the river channel (no. m−2 h−1) during high tide and low tide in all of the lunar phases. The number of juvenile Hilsa shad fishes is found to be much higher during low tides in most of the observations and there is a significant difference (t = 11.904, P < 0.001) between the high tide and low tide catches in the entire study region. Among the eight lunar phases, the number of juveniles is also observed to be higher during the new moon and full moon, and there is also a significant difference in juvenile catch among the lunar phases (F = 64.372, P < 0.001) in the entire stretch of the study area. These observations enabled us to develop a plausible mechanism of the downstream migration of Hilsa shad juveniles.
Effectiveness of an epidermal growth factor‐containing cream on postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after 1064‐nm Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota‐like macules (Hori's nevus) in Asians: A split‐face, double‐blinded, randomized controlled study
Authors: Wattanakrai Penpun , Sindhusen Sasipaka , Ploydaeng Monthanat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor (EGF) may promote wound healing and decrease laser‐induced postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of an EGF‐containing cream on PIH, post‐laser erythema, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after 1,064‐nm Q‐Switched Nd: YAG laser treatment of Hori's nevus.MethodsThis is a split‐face, double‐blinded, randomized, controlled study conducted in 30 subjects with bilateral Hori's nevus. After laser treatment, participants were randomized to apply EGF cream on one facial side and placebo on the other side for 8 weeks. The incidence and intensity of PIH were assessed by photographs and melanin indexes (MIs) ratio at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and Week 8. Post‐laser erythema and TEWL were measured at baseline, Day 1, Day 3, and Day 7. Side effects and patient satisfaction score were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of PIH was 26.7% in EGF group compared to 20% in placebo. The intensity of PIH was 0.057 (0.033–0.086) and 0.045 (0.027–0.076) in EGF and placebo group, respectively. There was no significant difference in both incidence (p = 0.5) and intensity of PIH (p = 0.145). Post‐laser erythema was not statistically different between groups. EGF could alleviate TEWL better than placebo but without statistical significance. Patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in EGF group compared to placebo (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe EGF‐containing cream could not prevent PIH. It may reduce laser‐induced skin barrier damage. Future studies in more subjects are needed.
Perturbed cusp catastrophe in a population game: Spatial economics with locational asymmetries
Authors: Ikeda Kiyohiro , Takayama Yuki , Gaspar José M. , Osawa Minoru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the cusp catastrophe in a two‐strategy population game with exogenous locational asymmetries and its application to spatial economics. We derive approximating games of two kinds: a cusp catastrophe form and a more general form. As a novel contribution of this paper, the effects of an arbitrary number of regional asymmetries are expressed using only three asymmetry parameters, thereby allowing for an analytical analysis. We find a new behavior with hysteresis using the general form. The usefulness of the forms is demonstrated for two economic geography models. A numerical recipe is presented to construct the cusp catastrophe form.
Genomic characterization of Iranian ʻCandidatus Phytoplasma phoeniciumʼ using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Zirak Leila , Khakvar Reza , Norouzi‐Beirami Mohammad Hossein , Hajizadeh Abasalt , Azizpour Nadia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeach trees showing witches’‐broom disease symptoms in the northwest of Iran were sampled for phytoplasma detection. PCR assays and Sanger sequence analyses indicated that ʻCandidatus Phytoplasma phoeniciumʼ was associated with peach witchesʼ‐broom disease. Virtual RFLP analyses of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that ʻCa. Phytoplasma phoeniciumʼ strain, which was prevalent in the northwest of Iran belonged to 16SrIX‐C subgroup. For the genomic characterization of Iranian ʻCa. Phytoplasma phoeniciumʼ strain, total DNA extracted from the infected peach trees was subjected to Illumina next‐generation sequencing. The NGS sequencing resulted in 41157647 read pairs of raw data. The raw reads length was 150 bp and the insert size was 350 bp. Assembly and genes clustering finally resulted in 750 contigs with a total size of 228345 bp. The GC content of sequence was 33.2%, N50 value was 259 and L50 value was 256. According to NCBI‐ PGAP annotation the genome of Prunus persica phytoplasma PP2 contained 410 genes including 377 CDSs with protein, 10 rRNAs, nine tRNAs and 14 pseudogenes.