bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chicken gut meal on growth, immune and metabolism in juvenile fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii)
Authors: Wang Wei , Gu Yixin , Dai Qianliang , Wei Yanchao , Zhang Zheng , Wang Yue , Chen Bojin , Xue Zhuang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

In modern aquaculture, chicken gut meal (CGM) is reasonably priced and rich in nutrients, and can become a new source of protein in the diets of major aquatic products such as fish and shrimp. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the beneficial effects of CGM on juvenile fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii). Juvenile H. otakii (1.58 ± 0.06) g were fed with different levels of CGM in a replacement percentage of fish meal (FM) in the basal diet: 0% (CGM0), 25% (CGM25), 50% (CGM50), 75% (CGM75) and 100% (CGM100). The results showed that the percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were significantly improved among the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) was observed in CGM50, CGM75 and CGM100 groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter, protein and lipid were significantly increased with CGM inclusion (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in CGM25 and CGM50 groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were significantly decreased in CGM75 and CGM100 groups (P < 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) were significantly increased in CGM50 and CGM75 groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Fish fed in CGM100 and CGM75 groups had higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, the relative expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alphα (ACCα) were significantly increased in CGM75 and CGM100 groups, while hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimal replacement level of FM with CGM was shown by curve equation analysis to be 61.30%.
Assessment of awareness about wearing contact lenses &amp; methods of care for them among a sample of Syrian private university
Authors: Shebli Mohammad Ibrahim , Basha Ahmad Mousa , Salman Afraa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background:
Contact lenses are an increasingly frequent topic that may cause eye and health problems for individuals of different age groups, especially the youth group, due to their frequent use of them. From this point of view, we conducted our research. To assess the awareness of participating students from different faculties at the Syrian Private University about contact lenses and how to use them in general by studying several demographic factors and their relationship to the knowledge and awareness of students based on their answers to our questionnaire.
Design:
A Cross-Sectional Study conducted at Syrian private university.
Methods:
The study was on 500 students using a questionnaire tool, targeting students at the Syrian Private University in its various faculties
Results:
We studied a sample of the faculties at the Syrian Private University, which numbered 500 students. Males represented more than half of the sample with a percentage of 63.2%, and the most age group was 21-25 years old with a percentage of 90.4%, and most students were from the Faculty of Human Medicine with a percentage of 81%, in the context of our study, they found a correlation between gender, college, school year, and students’ use of contact lenses, where most of them had not used them before, and their percentage was 72.8%. Or wear it while sleeping, or share it with others.
Testing the Charnov-Bull model from the sex determining temperature range
Authors: Ferrando-Bernal Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVertebrates show diversity in their sex determining systems. The main reasons to explain why a species shows a specific system is yet unclear. The Charnov-Bull model predicts that temperature-dependent sex determining system (TSD) evolve when there is a differential fitness between sexes, linking the sex determination system to different environmental temperatures. Here, I observed that TSD species tend to breed inside a specific range that allows them to produce both males and females. Contrary, close species where the sex is controlled by genotypic mechanisms (GSD) tend to breed outside these ranges, suggesting possible complete sex bias if they had TSD systems. I also do not find support for thermal adaptation in 25 TSD reptile species belonging to three different phylogenetic orders. Finally, I test different scenarios to confirm that the Charnov-Bull model is also able to explain why transitions from sex chromosomes to temperature-dependent sex determining systems has never been observed neither in mammals nor in birds.
Serial Viral Load Analysis by Ddpcr to Evaluate Fnc Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Moderate Cases of Covid-19
Authors: Cabral Paula , de Souza Sávio , Silva Renato da , Arruda Raul , Cabral Sheila , de Assis Arícia , Júnior Antônio Viana , Degrave Wim , Moreira Aline , Silva Cléber , Chang Junbiao , Lei Pingsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A highly pathogenic coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Trials have been carried out to find drugs effective in fighting the disease, as COVID-19 is being considered a treatable disease only after we have antivirals. A clinical candidate originally developed for HIV treatment, AZVUDINE (FNC), is a promising drug in the treatment of COVID-19, being able to reduce the patient's viral load leading to cure. In this study, a randomized clinical trial was performed in moderate COVID-19 patients to evaluate the efficacy of FNC added to standard treatment, compared with placebo group added to standard treatment. RT-qPCR and ddPCR were applied to estimate the viral load in samples from patients, which was performed every 48 hours throughout the treatment. Also, the clinical improvement was evaluated as well as the liver and kidney function. Notably, FNC treatment in moderate COVID-19 patients may shorten the time of nucleic acid negativity conversion versus placebo group, accelerates the elimination of the virus, decreasing the viral load significantly, especially in the first days. Due to the lack of specific antiviral drug, the pandemic is not under the control and resurfaces in different waves of infection, which cause a large cumulative expense of medical resources. Fortunately, FNC could reduce treatment time of moderate COVID-19 patients and save a lot of medical resources, making it a strong candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
Trial registration number: NCT04668235
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04668235?term=azvudine&cond=COVID-19&draw=2&rank=1
Serial Viral Load Analysis by Ddpcr to Evaluate Fnc Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Mild Cases of Covid-19
Authors: Cabral Paula , Silva Renato da , de Souza Sávio , Arruda Raul , Cabral Sheila , de Assis Arícia , Martins Yolanda , Tavares Carlos Augusto , Junior Antônio Viana , Chang Junbiao , Lei Pingsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has threatened the human population globally as the numbers of reinfection cases even after large-scale vaccination. Trials have been carried out to find drugs effective in fighting the disease, as COVID-19 is being considered a treatable disease only after we have antivirals. A clinical candidate originally developed for HIV treatment, AZVUDINE (FNC), is a promising drug in the treatment of COVID-19, being able to reduce the patient's viral load leading to cure. To predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19, we examined the course of viral load, every 48hs, by RT-PCR, and disease severity using a promising antiviral drug, AZVUDINE (FNC) with 281 participants. A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of FNC added to standard treatment, compared with placebo group added to standard treatment, for patients with mild COVID-19. RT-qPCR and ddPCR were applied to estimate the viral load in samples from patients, which was performed every 48 hours throughout the treatment. Also, the clinical improvement was evaluated as well as the liver and kidney function. Notably, the FNC treatment in the mild COVID-19 patients may shorten the time of the nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC) versus placebo group. In addition, the FNC was effective in reducing the viral load of these participants, in the first days (D3, D5, D7, D9). Therefore, the present clinical trial results showed that the FNC accelerate the elimination of the virus in and could reduce treatment time of mild patients and save a lot of medical resources, making it a strong candidate for the outpatient and home treatment of COVID-19.
Trial registration number:NCT05033145
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05033145
Consolidation Deformation Characteristics of Hachirogata Clay with Salt Leaching
Authors: Takahashi Momoe , Kanayama Motohei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thick, soft alluvial clay was deposited in the Hachirogata reclaimed area in Akita Prefecture, Japan. The phenomenon of differential settlements of the irrigation structure occurring at the site lowers the function of the water supply to the irrigation channel. In this study, assuming that the differential settlement of the ground is due to salt leaching of the sediments, the effect of leaching on the physical and mechanical properties of Hachirogata clay was examined. It was confirmed that the liquid limit and plasticity index decreased due to the leaching, which indicates that the leached sample changed the flowability due to changes in the water content. From the consolidation tests, it was found that the leached clay had a delay in consolidation deformation, a decrease in permeability, and remarkable creep behaviour. According to the observations of the clay structure by scanning electron microscope, leaching caused the clay particles to change from a random arrangement to an impermeable parallel arrangement, and the resultant pore area increased. These results show that the changes in the clay structure were due to leaching affect the physicochemical and mechanical properties. Therefore, it can be inferred that the occurrence of localised leaching is one of the factors that accelerates differential settlement.
Combined host depletion and metagenomics sequencing significantly improves the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: Li Shanshan , Ma Liping , Du Juan , Sun Hailin , Zhang Hongbo , Su Hong , Tian Dan , Cheng Changhao , Chen Wangyang , Li Duheng , Wang Yan , Li Liang , Li Lifeng , Pang Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is key to eliminating tuberculosis. Metagenomic sequencing combining host depletion can significantly improve the diagnostic performance for tuberculosis. Here we compared the performance for diagnosis of 98 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among mycobacterial culture, Xpert, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), mNGS of depletion human DNA (mNGS-DH), and nanopore sequencing of depletion human DNA (Nanopore-DH). In the 82 cases of PTB, the PPA (Positive percentage agreement) of mNGS-DH was 71.95% (95%CI, 60.77–81.04%,59/82). In the definite PTB groups(n = 50), the sensitivity of mNGS-DH was up to 86.00%, which was superior to the other four methods. Removing host DNA enhanced the sequencing depth and coverage of the MTB and improved tuberculosis detection, increasing the mean coverage of MTB by 16-fold. Our data demonstrated that mNGS-DH significantly improved the sensitivity of tuberculosis detection in the BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). Thus, it could be used as a promising alternative to assist the diagnosis of pulmonary TB patients.
Structure and composition analysis of painted films unearthed from Pit 2 of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhu Sihong , Hu Daodao , Xia Yin , Lu Wenxian , Li Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lacquer is widely used in ancient times. The antiques unearthed from Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors bear traces of lacquer painting massively. The lacquer paintings on the surface of the Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors fully demonstrate the characteristics and development level of lacquer painting at that time. However, the painted films unearthed appear crispy and fragile. In this study, six painted films are chosen from Pit.2 of the Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and characterized by an ultra-depth-of-field microscope, a metalloscope, a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer, and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the painted films are lacquer films on the base layer of Qin terra-cotta warriors. In the wet alkaline environment, a fracture of the polymer chain along polymerization products of urushiol occurs, which produces soluble products containing benzene ring-related molecules, leading to lacquer films’ embrittlement and cracks. Lacquer films have aged.
Improving the production of 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione from phytosterols by 3-ketosteroid-Δ1- dehydrogenase deficiency and multiple gene regulation in Mycobacterium fortuitum
Authors: Liu Xiangcen , Zhang Jingxian , Yuan Chenyang , Du Guilin , Han Suwan , Shi Jiping , Sun Junsong , Zhang Baoguo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD) refers to a significant intermediate for synthesis of glucocorticoid drugs. Microbial transformation of phytosterols to manufacture 9-OHAD has obvious advantages in terms of lead time, cost control, environmental friendliness, etc. However, the product degradation and the formation of by-products restrict their application. In this study, a combined strategy of blocking Δ1‑dehydrogenation and regulating metabolic flow was investigated to construct a stable high-yield 9-OHAD producer.
Results
Five 3-Ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase (KstD) were identified in ATCC 35855 and each of them was functionally confirmed by heterologous expression, transcriptional response and knockout analysis. KstD2 showed the highest catalytic activity on 3-ketosteroids, followed by KstD3, KstD1, KstD4 and KstD5. In particular, KstD2 has a much higher catalytic activity for C9 hydroxylated steroids than for C9 non-hydroxylated steroids, whereas KstD3 showed the opposite characteristics. The deletion of kstDs indicated that KstD2 and KstD3 are the main assailants of 9-OHAD degradation. Compared with ATCC 35855, MFΔkstD, the five KstDs deficient train, realized the stable accumulation of 9-OHAD, and its yield increased by 42.57%. The knockout of Opccr or the overexpression of Hsd4A alone could not reduce the metabolic flow of C22 pathway, while the overexpression of Hsd4A based on the knockout of Opccr in MFΔkstD could remarkably reduce the contents of 9-OHHP by-products. The inactivation of FadE28-29 leads to a large amount of accumulation of incomplete side chain degradation products. Therefore, hsd4A and fadE28-29 were co-expressed in MFΔkstDΔopccr successfully eliminated two by-products. Compared with MFΔkstD, the purity of 9-OHAD was improved from 80.24% to 90.14%. Ultimately, 9‑OHAD production reached 12.21 g/L (83.74% molar yield) and the productivity of 9-OHAD was 0.0927 g/L/h.
Conclusions
Five putative KstDs have been identified and functionally confirmed in ATCC 35855. KstD2 and KstD3 were the main murderers of 9-OHAD degradation. Hsd4A and Opccr are key enzymes regulating the metabolic flux of C19 and C22-pathways. The overexpression of fadE28-29 can reduce the accumulation of incomplete degradation products of side chains. According to the findings above, MF-FA5020 transformant was successfully constructed to rapidly and stably accumulate 9-OHAD from phytosterols. These results contribute to understanding the diversity and complexity of steroid catabolism regulation in actinobacteria and providing a theoretical basis for further optimizing industrial microbial catalyst.
A Variable Switching Frequency Space Vector Modulation Method Using Voltage Ripple Prediction
Authors: Ruan Zhihuang , Song Wenxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Regular space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) uses a fixed switching frequency, and this method causes high harmonics to be concentrated around integer multiples of the switching frequency. In this paper, we propose a variable switching frequency SVPWM (VSFSVPWM) method with voltage ripple prediction. By varying the switching frequency in real time according to the voltage ripple prediction model under the time domain, VSFSVPWM can suppress high-frequency harmonics caused by pulse width modulation (PWM). The proposed method was fully compared with the CSFSVPWM method on a 5kW inverter for experimental validation.
Elevated plasma IL-8 as a risk factor for mortality in children presenting with cerebral malaria (NeuroCM study)
Authors: Royo Jade , Vianou Bertin , Accrombessi Manfred , Kinkpé Elisée , Ayédadjou Linda , Dossou-Dagba Ida , Ladipo Yélé , Alao Maroufou Jules , Bertin Gwladys I , Cot Michel , Boumediene Farid , Houzé Sandrine , Faucher Jean-François , Aubouy Agnès , group collaborators NeuroCM 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neuropathology which remains one of the deadliest forms of malaria among African children. The kinetics of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation and the death or survival of patients during CM are still poorly understood. The increasing production of cytokines, chemokines and other actors of the inflammatory and oxidative response by various local actors in response to neuroinflammation plays a major role during CM, participating in both the amplification of the neuroinflammation phenomenon and its resolution. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for CM death among specific variables of inflammatory and oxidative responses to improve our understanding of CM pathogenesis.
Methods: Children presenting with CM (n = 70) due to P. falciparuminfection were included in southern Benin and divided according to the clinical outcome into 50 children who survived and 20 who died. Clinical examinationwas complemented by fundoscopic examination and extensive blood biochemical analysis associated with molecular diagnosis by multiplex PCR targeting 14 pathogens in the patients’ cerebrospinal fluid to rule out coinfections. Luminex technology and enzyme immunoassay kits were used to measure 17 plasma and 7 urinary biomarker levels, respectively. Data were analysedby univariate analysis using the nonparametric Mann‒Whitney U test and Chi2 Pearson test. Adjusted and multivariate analyses were conducted separately for plasma and urinary biomarkers to identify CM mortality risk factors.
Results: Univariate analysis revealed that higher plasma levels of TNF, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-8, CXCL9, granzyme B, and angiopoietin-2 and lower urinary levels of PGEM were associated with CM mortality. The multivariate logistic analysis highlighted elevated plasma levels of IL-8 as the main risk factor for death during CM. Values obtained during follow-up at D3 and D30 revealed immune factors associated with disease resolution, including plasma CXCL5, CCL17, CCL22, and urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane.
Conclusions: These results provide important insight into our understanding of CM pathogenesis and clinical outcome and may have important therapeutic implications.
Technological innovation for the coal industry to achieve carbon neutrality in China
Authors: Wang Siyao , Chen Fu , Wang Yinghong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The energy crisis in Europe, triggered by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, has again drawn attention to the decarbonisation of fossil energy sources. However, few studies have objectively considered coal from an integrated life cycle and its position in the energy system. In the present study, we revealed that (1) Power generation & heating and iron & steel smelting are the highest CO2 emissions sectors. In addition, the coal chemical industry and power generation & heating are the two sectors with the highest contribution rate of CO2 emissions. (2) Based on these, Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) and Underground Coal Gasification-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (UCG-IGCC) technologies were introduced to innovate the coal life cycle. The panel threshold model has proved that when the energy intensity falls in the interval 0.363-2.599, UCG-IGCC technology could be the complement in mitigating CO2 emissions. (3) Finally, for the same amount of emission mitigations, the social cost of innovating coal production and utilization processes using UCG-IGCC technology will be lower than the one of phasing out coal-fired power plants using carbon prices. For China, UCG-IGCC and renewable energy should be developed simultaneously.
The TAU isoform 1N4R restores vulnerability of MAPT knockout human iPSC-derived neurons to Amyloid beta-induced neuronal dysfunction
Authors: Buchholz Sarah , Bell-Simons Michael , Kabbani Mhd Aghyad Al , Kluge Lena , Cagkmak Cagla , Klimek Jennifer , Zempel Hans 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein TAU is a key driver of the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Normally, TAU stabilizes neuronal microtubules (MT) and promotes essential MT-associated functions. Alternative splicing of the TAU-encoding MAPT gene results in the expression of six isoforms in the human brain. Models of AD and TAU pathology to date are mostly based on rodents, which differ in their TAU isoform expression and often rely on the overexpression of mutant human TAU to develop hallmarks of AD. Moreover, recent results from murine neurons highlight that TAU isoforms are differentially localized within neurons and may have isoform-specific functions, but human cellular data is scarce. In this study, we generated MAPT KO human induced pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and induced neuronal differentiation using Ngn2. Differentiated TAU KO neurons show no major abnormalities or changes in neuronal activity but sightly decreased neurite outgrowth and AIS length. Yet, TAU-depleted neurons are protected from AD-like stress, e.g, Amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO)-induced reduction of neuronal activity. Re-expression of most individual TAU isoforms was sufficient to rescue the changes in neurite and AIS development. However, the 1N4R-TAU isoform alone was sufficient to restore neuronal vulnerability to AD-like stress. In sum, we describe here for the first time a human iPSC-based MAPT KO/TAU depletion model to study the function of TAU isoforms and their role in AD pathology. Our results suggest that 1N4R-TAU is involved in early TAU-mediated toxicity and a potential target for future therapeutic strategies for AD.