bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic World, Near real-time global 10 m land use land cover mapping
Authors: Brown Christopher F. , Brumby Steven P. , Guzder-Williams Brookie , Birch Tanya , Hyde Samantha Brooks , Mazzariello Joseph , Czerwinski Wanda , Pasquarella Valerie J. , Haertel Robert , Ilyushchenko Simon , Schwehr Kurt , Weisse Mikaela , Stolle Fred , Hanson Craig , Guinan Oliver , Moore Rebecca , Tait Alexander M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnlike satellite images, which are typically acquired and processed in near-real-time, global land cover products have historically been produced on an annual basis, often with substantial lag times between image processing and dataset release. We developed a new automated approach for globally consistent, high resolution, near real-time (NRT) land use land cover (LULC) classification leveraging deep learning on 10 m Sentinel-2 imagery. We utilize a highly scalable cloud-based system to apply this approach and provide an open, continuous feed of LULC predictions in parallel with Sentinel-2 acquisitions. This first-of-its-kind NRT product, which we collectively refer to as Dynamic World, accommodates a variety of user needs ranging from extremely up-to-date LULC data to custom global composites representing user-specified date ranges. Furthermore, the continuous nature of the product’s outputs enables refinement, extension, and even redefinition of the LULC classification. In combination, these unique attributes enable unprecedented flexibility for a diverse community of users across a variety of disciplines.
PAPILA: Dataset with fundus images and clinical data of both eyes of the same patient for glaucoma assessment
Authors: Kovalyk Oleksandr , Morales-Sánchez Juan , Verdú-Monedero Rafael , Sellés-Navarro Inmaculada , Palazón-Cabanes Ana , Sancho-Gómez José-Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is one of the ophthalmological diseases that frequently causes loss of vision in today’s society. Previous studies assess which anatomical parameters of the optic nerve can be predictive of glaucomatous damage, but to date there is no test that by itself has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose this disease. This work provides a public dataset with medical data and fundus images of both eyes of the same patient. Segmentations of the cup and optic disc, as well as the labeling of the patients based on the evaluation of clinical data are also provided. The dataset has been tested with a neural network to classify healthy and glaucoma patients. Specifically, the ResNet-50 has been used as the basis to classify patients using information from each eye independently as well as using the joint information from both eyes of each patient. Results provide the baseline metrics, with the aim of promoting research in the early detection of glaucoma based on the joint analysis of both eyes of the same patient.
The DeepFish computer vision dataset for fish instance segmentation, classification, and size estimation
Authors: Garcia-d’Urso Nahuel , Galan-Cuenca Alejandro , Pérez-Sánchez Paula , Climent-Pérez Pau , Fuster-Guillo Andres , Azorin-Lopez Jorge , Saval-Calvo Marcelo , Guillén-Nieto Juan Eduardo , Soler-Capdepón Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreserving maritime ecosystems is a major concern for governments and administrations. Additionally, improving fishing industry processes, as well as that of fish markets, to have a more precise evaluation of the captures, will lead to a better control on the fish stocks. Many automated fish species classification and size estimation proposals have appeared in recent years, however, they require data to train and evaluate their performance. Furthermore, this data needs to be organized and labelled. This paper presents a dataset of images of fish trays from a local wholesale fish market. It includes pixel-wise (mask) labelled specimens, along with species information, and different size measurements. A total of 1,291 labelled images were collected, including 7,339 specimens of 59 different species (in 60 different class labels). This dataset can be of interest to evaluate the performance of novel fish instance segmentation and/or size estimation methods, which are key for systems aimed at the automated control of stocks exploitation, and therefore have a beneficial impact on fish populations in the long run.
AAV2-mediated gene therapy for Bietti crystalline dystrophy provides functional CYP4V2 in multiple relevant cell models
Authors: Wang Jiang-Hui , Lidgerwood Grace E. , Daniszewski Maciej , Hu Monica L. , Roberts Georgina E. , Wong Raymond C. B. , Hung Sandy S. C. , McClements Michelle E. , Hewitt Alex W. , Pébay Alice , Hickey Doron G. , Edwards Thomas L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an inherited retinal disease (IRD) caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene. It is a relatively common cause of IRD in east Asia. A number of features of this disease make it highly amenable to gene supplementation therapy. This study aims to validate a series of essential precursor in vitro experiments prior to developing a clinical gene therapy for BCD. We demonstrated that HEK293, ARPE19, and patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells transduced with AAV2 vectors encoding codon optimization of CYP4V2 (AAV2.coCYP4V2) resulted in elevated protein expression levels of CYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2 vectors encoding wild type CYP4V2 (AAV2.wtCYP4V2), as assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. Similarly, we observed significantly increased CYP4V2 enzyme activity in cells transduced with AAV2.coCYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2.wtCYP4V2. We also showed CYP4V2 expression in human RPE/choroid explants transduced with AAV2.coCYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2.wtCYP4V2. These preclinical data support the further development of a gene supplementation therapy for a currently untreatable blinding condition—BCD. Codon-optimized CYP4V2 transgene was superior to wild type in terms of protein expression and enzyme activity. Ex vivo culture of human RPE cells provided an effective approach to test AAV-mediated transgene delivery.
Dietary restriction ameliorates TBI-induced phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Delventhal Rebecca , Wooder Emily R. , Basturk Maylis , Sattar Mohima , Lai Jonathan , Bolton Danielle , Muthukumar Gayathri , Ulgherait Matthew , Shirasu-Hiza Mimi M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions annually and is associated with long-term health decline. TBI also shares molecular and cellular hallmarks with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), typically increasing in prevalence with age, and is a major risk factor for developing neurodegeneration later in life. While our understanding of genes and pathways that underlie neurotoxicity in specific NDs has advanced, we still lack a complete understanding of early molecular and physiological changes that drive neurodegeneration, particularly as an individual ages following a TBI. Recently Drosophila has been introduced as a model organism for studying closed-head TBI. In this paper, we deliver a TBI to flies early in adult life, and then measure molecular and physiological phenotypes at short-, mid-, and long-term timepoints following the injury. We aim to identify the timing of changes that contribute to neurodegeneration. Here we confirm prior work demonstrating a TBI-induced decline in lifespan, and present evidence of a progressive decline in locomotor function, robust acute and modest chronic neuroinflammation, and a late-onset increase in protein aggregation. We also present evidence of metabolic dysfunction, in the form of starvation sensitivity and decreased lipids, that persists beyond the immediate injury response, but does not differ long-term. An intervention of dietary restriction (DR) partially ameliorates some TBI-induced phenotypes, including lifespan and locomotor function, though it does not alter the pattern of starvation sensitivity of injured flies. In the future, molecular pathways identified as altered following TBI—particularly in the short-, or mid-term—could present potential therapeutic targets.
Novel electromagnetic induction heat curing process of fly ash geopolymer using waste iron powder as a conductive material
Authors: Nongnuang Toon , Jitsangiam Peerapong , Rattanasak Ubolluk , Chindaprasirt Prinya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeopolymer (GP) was invented to replace concrete, but its heat curing requirement hinders extensive use in real-world construction. Past studies have tested several methods of heat curing. However, the conventional heat curing process (using an oven) is still required for GP to develop good strength on the laboratory scale. This study introduces a new heat curing method for GP based on an electromagnetic field (EMF)generator and a ferromagnetic material. Waste iron powder (WIP) was used as the ferromagnetic material mixed with the fly ash-based GP to generate heat through induction. The sample was cured at 1.18 kW with 150–200 kHz of EMF generator for 15 min. The results showed that 5% of the WIP mixed sample gained compressive and flexural strength at 28 days more than the control (oven-cured). Compressive and flexural strengths of 76.8 MPa and 11.3 MPa were obtained, respectively. In addition, heat induction enhanced the densification and geopolymerization in the GP matrix following SEM and XRD results. This alternative method of heat curing accelerated the formation of the GP matrix, reduced curing time, and increased strength. Moreover, this EMF curing method can save 99.70% of the energy consumed compared to the conventional heat curing method.
Insights of OPs and PYR cytotoxic potential Invitro and genotoxic impact on PON1 genetic variant among exposed workers in Pakistan
Authors: Imran Iffat , Ansari Asma , Saleem Saima , Azhar Abid , Zehra Sitwat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferent pesticide chemicals are used to enhance crop yield by protecting from pests. Organophosphate (OPs) and Pyrethroid (PYR) are used in fields of Sanghar, Sindh Pakistan. PON1 an antioxidant enzyme implicated in OPs detoxification may predispose by OPs chronic exposure. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of active pesticide chemicals at cellular and genetic levels. To examine toxic potential, locally consumed pesticide n = 2 and reference pesticide compounds organophosphate (OPs): Chloropyrifos, Malathion and Pyrethroid (PYR): Cyprmethrin, Cyhalothrin n = 4 were tested against NIH 3T3 cells using MTS assay. Local consumer pesticides demonstrated relevance for half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.00035 mg/mL with selected compound. Malathion IC50 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among four compounds at 0.0005 mg/mL. On genotoxicity analysis in exposed subjects n = 100 genotypes and alleles n = 200 exhibited significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of pesticide exposed subjects and controls n = 150 (X2 = 22.9, p = 0.001). Screening of genotypes were performed by PCR- RFLP. Statistical assessment carried out using online software and tools. Results suggested that higher heterozygous genotype A/G (74%) may confer low PON1 metabolic activity towards pesticides in exposed subjects. Findings could be helpful to establish health plans by avoiding toxic chemicals that harming exposed population.
Contextual spatial modelling in the horizontal and vertical domains
Authors: Rentschler Tobias , Bartelheim Martin , Behrens Thorsten , Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Marta , Teuber Sandra , Scholten Thomas , Schmidt Karsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMulti-scale contextual modelling is an important toolset for environmental mapping. It accounts for spatial dependence by using covariates on multiple spatial scales and incorporates spatial context and structural dependence to environmental properties into machine learning models. For spatial soil modelling, three relevant scales or ranges of scale exist: quasi-local soil formation processes that are independent of the spatial context, short-range catenary processes, and long-range processes related to climate and large-scale terrain settings. Recent studies investigated the spatial dependence of topsoil properties only. We hypothesize that soil properties within a soil profile were formed due to specific interactions between different features and scales of the spatial context, and that there are depth gradients in spatial and structural dependencies. The results showed that for topsoil, features at small to intermediate scales do not increase model accuracy, whereas large scales increase model accuracy. In contrast, subsoil models benefit from all scales—small, intermediate, and large. Based on the differences in relevance, we conclude that the relevant ranges of scales do not only differ in the horizontal domain, but also in the vertical domain across the soil profile. This clearly demonstrates the impact of contextual spatial modelling on 3D soil mapping.
Reduction of greenhouse gases emission through the use of tiletamine and zolazepam
Authors: Lachowska Sonia , Antończyk Agnieszka , Tunikowska Joanna , Godniak Martyna , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIsoflurane is an anaesthetic gas widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. All currently used volatile anaesthetics are ozone-depleting halogenated compounds. The use of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) allows to induce the effect of general anaesthesia by administering drugs only intravenously without the use of anaesthetic gases. This allows you to create a protocol that is safe not only for the patient, but also for doctors and the environment. However, so far, no anaesthetic protocol based on induction of anaesthesia with tiletamine-zolazepam without the need to maintain anaesthesia with anaesthetic gas has been developed. Our study showed that the use of this combination of drugs for induction does not require the use of additional isoflurane to maintain anaesthesia. Thanks to Dixon's up-and-down method we proved that with the induction of anaesthesia with tiletamine-zolazepam at a dose of 5 mg/kg the use of isoflurane is not needed to maintain anaesthesia in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Until now, this dose has been recommended by the producer for more diagnostic than surgical procedures or for induction of general anaesthesia. The maintenance was required with anaesthetic gas or administration of another dose of the tiletamine-zolazepam. The results obtained in this study will allow for a significant reduction in the consumption of isoflurane, a gas co-responsible for the deepening of the greenhouse effect, having a negative impact on patients and surgeons. These results are certainly the first step to achieving a well-balanced and safe TIVA-based anaesthetic protocol using tiletamine-zolazepam, the obvious goal of which will be to maximize both the safety of the patient, people involved in surgical procedures, and the environment itself. Being aware of the problem of the greenhouse effect, we are committed to reducing the consumption of anaesthetic gases by replacing them with infusion agents.
Activation of the GTPase ARF6 regulates invasion of human vascular smooth muscle cells by stimulating MMP14 activity
Authors: Fiola-Masson Emilie , Artigalas Julie , Campbell Shirley , Claing Audrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHormones and growth factors stimulate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) invasive capacities during the progression of atherosclerosis. The GTPase ARF6 is an important regulator of migration and proliferation of various cell types, but whether this small G protein can be activated by a variety of stimuli to promote invasion of VSMC remains unknown. Here, we aimed to define whether Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a mitogenic stimulant of vascular tissues, and Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoactive peptide, can result in the activation of ARF6 in a human model of aortic SMC (HASMC). We demonstrate that these two stimuli can promote loading of GTP on this ARF isoform. Knockdown of ARF6 reduced the ability of both PDGF and Ang II to promote invasion suggesting that this GTPase regulates key molecular mechanisms mediating degradation of the extracellular matrix and migration. We report that PDGF-BB-mediated stimulation of ARF6 results in the activation of the MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and PAK pathways essential for invasion of HASMC. However, Ang II-mediated stimulation of ARF6 only promotes signaling through the MAPK/ERK1/2 and PAK pathways. These ARF6-mediated events lead to activation of MMP14, a membrane-bound collagenase upregulated in atherosclerosis. Moreover, ARF6 depletion decreases the release of MMP2 in the extracellular milieu. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the GTPase ARF6 acts as a molecular switch to regulate specific signaling pathways that coordinate invasiveness of HASMC.
Coherent photonic Terahertz transmitters compatible with direct comb modulation
Authors: Gonzalez-Guerrero Luis , Carpintero Guillermo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a novel approach to coherent photonic THz systems supporting complex modulation. The proposed scheme uses a single optical path avoiding the problems of current implementations, which include: phase decorrelation, 3-dB power loss, and polarization and power matching circuits. More importantly, we show that our novel approach is compatible with direct modulation of the output of an optical frequency comb (i.e., not requiring the demultiplexing of two tones from the comb), further simplifying the system and enabling an increase in the transmitted RF power for a fixed average optical power injected into the photodiode.
Viral infection changes the expression of personality traits in an insect species reared for consumption
Authors: Low Matthew , Eksell Isak , Jansson Anna , Berggren Åsa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDisease-induced personality change results from endogenous and adaptive host responses or parasitic manipulation. Within animal husbandry systems understanding the connection between behaviour and disease is important for health monitoring and for designing systems considerate to animal welfare. However, understanding these relationships within insect mass-rearing systems is still in its infancy. We used a simple repeated behavioural-emergence test to examine parasite-induced differences in group personality traits in the house cricketAcheta domesticus, by comparing the behaviours of 37 individuals infected with theAcheta domesticus densovirus(AdDV) and 50 virus-free individuals.AdDV-infected animals had a much lower emergence probability, longer times until emergence, and did not change their behaviour with experience compared to the virus-free animals. AdDV-infected animals also had lower variation in their probability of emergence within the population, most likely related to animals displaying a relatively uniform sickness response. These infected animals also had higher variation in their response to experimental trial experience; this greater variation resulted from a difference between males and females. Infected females responded to experience in a similar way as virus-free animals, while AdDV-infected males showed a response to experience in the opposite direction: i.e., while all other groups reduced emergence time with experience, infected males always increased their mean emergence time as trials progressed. Our results are important not only in the context of animal personality research, but also with regards to creating husbandry systems and disease monitoring within the insects-as-food industry that are considerate to both production traits and animal welfare.
Species- and site-specific circulating bacterial DNA in Subantarctic sentinel mussels Aulacomya atra and Mytilus platensis
Authors: Ferchiou Sophia , Caza France , Villemur Richard , Betoulle Stéphane , St-Pierre Yves 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImpacts of climate changes are particularly severe in polar regions where warmer temperatures and reductions in sea-ice covers threaten the ecological integrity of marine coastal ecosystems. Because of their wide distribution and their ecological importance, mussels are currently used as sentinel organisms in monitoring programs of coastal ecosystems around the world. In the present study, we exploited the concept of liquid biopsy combined to a logistically friendly sampling method to study the hemolymphatic bacterial microbiome in two mussel species (Aulacomya atra and Mytilus platensis) in Kerguelen Islands, a remote Subantarctic volcanic archipelago. We found that the circulating microbiome signatures of both species differ significantly even though their share the same mussel beds. We also found that the microbiome differs significantly between sampling sites, often correlating with the particularity of the ecosystem. Predictive models also revealed that both species have distinct functional microbiota, and that the circulating microbiome of Aulacomya atra was more sensitive to changes induced by acute thermal stress when compared to Mytilus platensis. Taken together, our study suggests that defining circulating microbiome is a useful tool to assess the health status of marine ecosystems and to better understand the interactions between the sentinel species and their habitat.
The Galapagos giant tortoise Chelonoidis phantasticus is not extinct
Authors: Jensen Evelyn L. , Gaughran Stephen J. , Fusco Nicole A. , Poulakakis Nikos , Tapia Washington , Sevilla Christian , Málaga Jeffreys , Mariani Carol , Gibbs James P. , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe status of the Fernandina Island Galapagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis phantasticus) has been a mystery, with the species known from a single specimen collected in 1906. The discovery in 2019 of a female tortoise living on the island provided the opportunity to determine if the species lives on. By sequencing the genomes of both individuals and comparing them to all living species of Galapagos giant tortoises, here we show that the two known Fernandina tortoises are from the same lineage and distinct from all others. The whole genome phylogeny groups the Fernandina individuals within a monophyletic group containing all species with a saddleback carapace morphology and one semi-saddleback species. This grouping of the saddleback species is contrary to mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, which place the saddleback species across several clades. These results imply the continued existence of lineage long considered extinct, with a current known population size of a single individual.
Genetic, parental and lifestyle factors influence telomere length
Authors: Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Aubert Geraldine , Ripoll-Cladellas Aida , Henkelman Sandra , Zhernakova Daria V. , Sinha Trishla , Kurilshikov Alexander , Cenit Maria Carmen , Jan Bonder Marc , Franke Lude , Wijmenga Cisca , Fu Jingyuan , van der Wijst Monique G. P. , Melé Marta , Lansdorp Peter , Zhernakova Alexandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe average length of telomere repeats (TL) declines with age and is considered to be a marker of biological ageing. Here, we measured TL in six blood cell types from 1046 individuals using the clinically validated Flow-FISH method. We identified remarkable cell-type-specific variations in TL. Host genetics, environmental, parental and intrinsic factors such as sex, parental age, and smoking are associated to variations in TL. By analysing the genome-wide methylation patterns, we identified that the association of maternal, but not paternal, age to TL is mediated by epigenetics. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data for 62 participants revealed differential gene expression in T-cells. Genes negatively associated with TL were enriched for pathways related to translation and nonsense-mediated decay. Altogether, this study addresses cell-type-specific differences in telomere biology and its relation to cell-type-specific gene expression and highlights how perinatal factors play a role in determining TL, on top of genetics and lifestyle.