bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a new adaptive EWMA control chart
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad Atif , Noor‐ul‐Amin Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe memory‐based control charts (CCs) such as exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and Cumulative sum (CUSUM) are good for quick detection of small or moderate shifts in the process mean. This study proposes a memory‐based CC to monitor the mean of a normally distributed process. The idea is to estimate the mean shift using an estimator based on an EWMA statistic and after that determine the smoothing constant of plotting EWMA statistics through the proposed continuous function. The performance of the proposed adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) chart is focused on utilizing extensive Monte Carlo simulations method with various shifts in the process mean. Taking into account the run‐length (RL) profiles, as an evaluation tool, the proposed chart is efficient as compared to the competitor charts. The demonstration of the proposed chart is presented by using a real dataset from the manufacturing process of substrates where the quality characteristic is the resistance of flow width.
Differential expression of single‐cell RNA‐seq data using Tweedie models
Authors: Mallick Himel , Chatterjee Suvo , Chowdhury Shrabanti , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Rahnavard Ali , Hicks Stephanie C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe performance of computational methods and software to identify differentially expressed features in single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has been shown to be influenced by several factors, including the choice of the normalization method used and the choice of the experimental platform (or library preparation protocol) to profile gene expression in individual cells. Currently, it is up to the practitioner to choose the most appropriate differential expression (DE) method out of over 100 DE tools available to date, each relying on their own assumptions to model scRNA‐seq expression features. To model the technological variability in cross‐platform scRNA‐seq data, here we propose to use Tweedie generalized linear models that can flexibly capture a large dynamic range of observed scRNA‐seq expression profiles across experimental platforms induced by platform‐ and gene‐specific statistical properties such as heavy tails, sparsity, and gene expression distributions. We also propose a zero‐inflated Tweedie model that allows zero probability mass to exceed a traditional Tweedie distribution to model zero‐inflated scRNA‐seq data with excessive zero counts. Using both synthetic and published plate‐ and droplet‐based scRNA‐seq datasets, we perform a systematic benchmark evaluation of more than 10 representative DE methods and demonstrate that our method (Tweedieverse) outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art DE approaches across experimental platforms in terms of statistical power and false discovery rate control. Our open‐source software (R/Bioconductor package) is available athttps://github.com/himelmallick/Tweedieverse.
Red‐Light‐Responsive Metallopolymer Nanocarriers with Conjugated and Encapsulated Drugs for Phototherapy Against Multidrug‐Resistant Tumors
Authors: Chen Mingjia , Gong Ningqiang , Sun Wen , Han Jianxiong , Liu Yuanli , Zhang Shouwen , Zheng Aiping , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Liang Xing‐Jie , Wu Si 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to treat multidrug‐resistant tumors because such tumors are resistant to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs. Herein, treatment of multidrug‐resistant tumors using red‐light‐responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers that are conjugated with the anticancer drug chlorambucil (CHL) and encapsulated with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is reported. An amphiphilic metallopolymer PolyRuCHL that contains a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a red‐light‐responsive ruthenium (Ru)‐containing block is synthesized. Chlorambucil is covalently conjugated to the Ru moieties of PolyRuCHL. Encapsulation of DOX into PolyRuCHL in an aqueous solution results in DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles. The DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles are efficiently taken up by the multidrug‐resistant breast cancer cell line MCF‐7R and which carries DOX into the cells. Free DOX, without the nanocarriers, is not taken up by MCF‐7R or pumped out of MCF‐7R via P‐glycoproteins. Red light irradiation of DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles triggers the release of chlorambucil‐conjugated Ru moieties and DOX. Both act synergistically to inhibit the growth of multidrug‐resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of the growth of multidrug‐resistant tumors in a mouse model using DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles is demonstrated. The design of red‐light‐responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers with both conjugated and encapsulated drugs opens up an avenue for photoactivated chemotherapy against multidrug‐resistant tumors.
Dual‐Atom Nickel Moieties of Ni(II)2N4(µ2‐N)2 Anchored on Alfalfa‐Derived Developed Porous N‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Li–S Battery
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Xiao Hong , Liang Xiao , Zhang Fanchao , Zhuang Huifeng , Gao Qiuming , Zheng Lirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA universal strategy is established for preparing the carbonaceous matrix‐based atomically distributed metal catalysts M‐BPC (M=Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, and Mn, and biomass‐derived porous carbon (BPC)) by one‐step pyrolysis of mixed metal salts and biomass alfalfa. The optimized Ni‐BPC has dual‐atom Ni(II)2N4(µ2‐N)2 moieties, which are chemically anchored on the alfalfa‐derived developed porous N‐doped carbon BPC matrix. An ultrahigh specific surface area of 3133 m2 g−1 with huge total pore volume of 3.02 cm3 g−1 is obtained for Ni‐BPC. The Ni‐BPC could greatly promote the redox kinetics and effectively prevent the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides in a Li–S battery. The Li–S battery assembled with the Ni‐BPC modified separator exhibits prominent rate performance with the reversible specific capacities of 1279, 1119, 1037, 948 and 787 mAh g−1 at the current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 C, respectively. The battery presents an ultra‐long life with low capacity decay of 0.028% per cycle up to 2100 cycles at 1 C. Even under high areal S loadings of 3.9 mg cm−2, the high discharge capacity of 976.6 mAh g−1 is obtained at 0.2 C and excellent cycling stability with 61.1% capacity retention is achieved after 490 cycles.
Magnetically Driven Hierarchical Alignment in Biomimetic Fibrous Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhang Zhaobao , Kouwer Paul H. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn vivo, natural biomaterials are frequently anisotropic, exhibiting directional microstructures and mechanical properties. It remains challenging to develop such anisotropy in synthetic materials. Here, a facile one‐step approach for in situ fabrication of hydrogels with hierarchically anisotropic architectures and direction‐dependent mechanical properties is proposed. The anisotropic hydrogels, composed of a fibrous gel network (0.1 wt%), cross‐linked with magnetic nanoparticles (spheres, rods, and wires, <0.1 wt%) are readily formed in the presence of very low magnetic fields (<20 mT). The anisotropy of the nanoparticles is transduced to the polymer network, leading to macroscopic anisotropy, for instance, in mechanical properties. Electrostatic repulsion by the negatively charged nanoparticles induces an additional layer of order in the material, perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The straightforward fabrication strategy allows for stepwise deposition of layers with different degrees or directions of anisotropy, which enables the formation of complex structures that are able to mimic some of the complex hierarchical architectures found in biology. It is anticipated that this approach of hydrogel alignment may serve as a guide for designing advanced biomaterials in tissue engineering.
Encoding Manipulation of DNA‐Nanoparticle Assembled Nanorobot Using Independently Charged Array Nanopores
Authors: Si Wei , Zhu Zhendong , Wu Gensheng , Zhang Yin , Chen Yunfei , Sha Jingjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the past decades, scientists have developed different kinds of nanorobots based on various driving principles to realize controlled manipulation of them for potential applications like medical diagnosis and directed cargo delivery. In order to design a nanorobot with advantages of simple operation and precise control that can enrich the family of intelligent nanorobots, an encoding manipulation method is proposed to control the movement of a DNA‐nanoparticle assembled nanorobot by combing electrophoresis and electroosmosis effect in independently charged array nanopores. The nanorobot is composed of one nanoparticle and one or two ssDNAs. ssDNAs act as the legs of the nanorobot. The selective ion transport through charged nanopores can induce cooperation and competition between the electroosmosis and electrophoresis, which is the main power to activate the nanorobot. Thus by simply switching the applied electric field and surface charge density of each nanopore which is defined as the encoded nanopore according to a predetermined strategy, the well‐controlled encoding manipulation including capturing, releasing, jumping, and crawling of the nanorobot is realized in this work. The study is expected to realize its value in many interesting applications like drug delivery, nanosurgery, and so on in the near future.
Matrix‐induced sugaring‐out liquid‐liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruit jams
Authors: Alkan Cansu , Çabuk Hasan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA rapid and easy analytical method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (fenitrothion, phosalone, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos) in fruit jams was developed using sugaring‐out liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Acetonitrile was the only chemical used in the sample pretreatment step. The high sugar content of the sample matrix highly accelerated the extraction process as it simply triggered phase separation. The optimized sample treatment involved mixing 600 μl of ACN/water mixture (50/50%, v/v) with 1 g of jam sample, shaking for 0.5 min at 2500 rpm, and then centrifuging the sample for 5 min at 2500 × g. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction recoveries in the range of 81%–89% were achieved for the analytes. Good linearity in a range of 50–5000 μg/kg (r2 ≥ 0.9992) and limits of detection less than 25 μg/kg were obtained. Recovery assays for spiked commercial jams made from cherry, strawberry, blackberry, apricot, and blueberry provided recoveries from 89% to 107%.
Ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses paraquat‐induced epithelial cell senescence by enhancing autophagy in an ATG12‐dependent manner
Authors: Huang Changbao , Xue Xiang , Gong Nengkai , Jiang Jinghan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParaquat (PQ), as a widely used herbicide, is highly toxic to human. PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis is the main reason for respiratory failure and death. In PQ‐poisoned mice, we find abundant senescent epithelial cells in the lung tissues, which can contribute to the activation of pulmonary fibroblasts. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the main active component of ginseng, possess beneficial properties against aging. In our work, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Rg1 on PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. In vivo, the treatment of Rg1 can attenuate PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and decrease senescence and senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression. In vitro, Rg1 can effectively eliminate senescent cells via apoptosis, but not normal cells. In addition, we demonstrate that Rg1 can enhance autophagy activity via inducing the expression of ATG12. Inhibition of autophagy via 3‐MA or transfection of the siRNA targeting ATG12 can impair the antiaging effect of Rg1. Taken together, our data implicates that Rg1 can protect pulmonary epithelial cells from PQ‐induced cellular senescence in an ATG12 dependent manner, which may provide a preventive and therapeutic strategy for PQ poisoning‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.
An Introduction to Migration Studies: The Rise and Coming of Age of a Research Field
Authors: Scholten Peter , Pisarevskaya Asya , Levy Nathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMigration studies has contributed significantly to our understanding of mobilities and migration-related diversities. It has developed a distinct body of knowledge on why people migrate, how migration takes place, and what the consequences are of migration in a broad sense, both for migrants themselves and for societies involved in migration. As a broadly-based research field, migration studies has evolved at the crossroads of a variety of disciplines. This includes disciplines such as sociology, political science, anthropology, geography, law and economics, but increasingly it expands to a broader pool of disciplines also including health studies, development studies, governance studies and many more, building on insights from these disciplines.
Lifestyle Migration
Authors: McGarrigle Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the context of the growing global middle class, and the ageing of the baby boomer generation, an increasing number of migrants with accumulated wealth from advanced economies are relocating to economically less developed or more peripheral countries to improve their quality of life. Migration of the middle-classes and the relatively affluent is embedded in the same globalising processes and social transformations in production and processes of accumulation that have reshaped labour migration (Hayes, 2021; Castles, 2010). Privileged mobilities are part of wider migration systems, however, what distinguishes lifestyle migrants from other migrants, who are also in pursuit of a better quality of life, is the ease with which they can relocate due to relative privilege in terms of citizenship and financial or cultural capital.
Citizenship & Migration
Authors: Džankić Jelena , Vink Maarten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistorically, citizenship has been a gatekeeper to political and social rights within communities, as entitlements of membership were closely connected to gender, race, and class. Nowadays, citizenship is asymbol of equality within statesas much as amarker of inequality among states. It is (1) a defining feature of the international state system, which both reflects and reinforces inequalities of wealth and opportunity around the world, and (2) a tool for social closure, through which states determine who belongs to the group that can share common entitlements and who, by contrast, are excluded from them. These two characteristics of citizenship are central to understanding the citizenship-migration nexus: whereas the promise of equality represents a strong driver for migrants to acquire citizenship in their destination states, the different opportunities attached to citizenship of different countries encouragemigrationof individuals from less privileged parts of the world and enablemobilityfor those with a citizenship status in the more advantageous countries.
Migration Policy Indicators
Authors: Solano Giacomo , Huddleston Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last 20 years, researchers have undertaken systematic comparisons of migration policies—mainly at the national level—by creating indicators and indexes. These indicators and indexes have been used to analyse differences and trends in migration policy. Based on a review of previous projects and literature on the topic, this chapter provides an overview of the existing indexes and indicators, and compares the methodology employed as well as their temporal, geographical, and thematic coverage.
Qualitative Methods in Migration Research
Authors: Zapata-Barrero Ricard , Yalaz Evren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented demographic transformations due to global human mobility and its multifaceted social, political, and economic consequences in both countries of reception and origin, have motivated an increase of interest in having reliable information and deeper knowledge about migratory patterns and the subsequent accommodation of diversity issues both by policymakers and scholars. This is especially true considering that there is a general consensus that this phenomenon is a long-term trend of our more recent history, and it is featured by being complex and unpredictable while giving rise to a permanent atmosphere of uncertainty. We need methodological tools for increasing the understanding of our basic questions on why people move, why they move to certain countries rather than others, what we can do about forced migrants’ vulnerable situations, and how we can link cohesion and diversity, human rights, and security, and a long list of issues and frameworks that shape migration studies today. To have a universal toolkit for producing knowledge is almost a naive request. What we have learned after several decades of research is that migration research needs to be sited and contextualised (King, 2018), and always placed within a given process (Zapata-Barrero, 2018). Most migration-related problems have to do with how people perceive them and behave accordingly, rather than having objective value-free understandings. In other words, migration research is mostly about interpretations rather than facts. Hence, there is an importance to digging into a methodological technique that has a particular role in producing knowledge by analysing how people, institutions, and governments interpret human mobility and diversity dynamics.
Migration Drivers: Why Do People Migrate?
Authors: Czaika Mathias , Reinprecht Constantin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowing social and economic inequalities, and consequently, unfulfilled life aspirations trigger the migration intentions of millions, if not billions of people around the world. Surveys by Gallup World Poll suggest that more than 750 million adults would like to migrate if they had the chance to do so (Esipova et al., 2018). Hence, globally ‘only’ one in eight adults express a desire to migrate. This is a surprisingly small fraction given the fact that a much larger but unknown number of people would have good reasons to migrate in order to realise economic, professional, political, or social opportunities elsewhere. At the same time, only small fractions of those who aspire to migrate are actually able to realise it.
Migration Infrastructures: How Do People Migrate?
Authors: Düvell Franck , Preiss Carlotta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMigration research primarily studies who migrates and the processes after their arrival. Less attention is paid to the processes between departure and arrival and the infrastructures used during migratory journeys (see Crawley et al., 2018). This is further reinforced by the fact that most migration is wanted and regular, and that there is little social and political interest in the actual physical dimension of regular migration processes. Comparatively few studies are seeking to answer the question of howpeople migrate. The main exception is the research of unwanted and irregular migration with a focus on migrants and refugees traveling by boat and those actors facilitating unlawful practices, denoted as human smugglers or traffickers. In short, migration infrastructure is probably the least well defined, researched and published theme, whilst it is also heavily biased.
Family Migration
Authors: Kofman Eleonore , Buhr Franz , Fonseca Maria Lucinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFamily migration is the term used to categorise the international movement of people who migrate due to new or established family ties. People moving for family reasons constitute the largest group of migrants entering OECD countries, ahead of labour and humanitarian migration (OECD, 2017). The study of migrant families cuts across the available legal definitions of family and brings to light emerging forms of living together, gender roles, sexualities, kinship ties, and caregiving practices. This chapter selectively synthesises recent scholarship on family migration, providing insights on the institutionalisation of the field, outlining its approaches and methodologies, and highlighting emerging topics for future research. These include transnational families and how they stay in contact; separated families and deportation; the impact of family migration policies; marriage migration and multi-sited and longitudinal studies used in studying the transformation and diversification of family forms.
Assessing the Digital Transformation of Education Systems
Authors: Qayyum Adnan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe digital transformation of education has been underway for decades at differing paces across the world. In this chapter, an education digitization index is proposed in order to assess the extent of digital transformation in various countries. The education digitization index is composed for four variables: digital assets, digital use, digital labor, and digital outcomes. While a lot of research and practice in education has been on digital use – applying particular digital educational technologies – countries with substantial digital assets and a commitment to digital labor are able to transform education systems more readily. Digital assets and digital labor have become more important during the pandemic.
Wissen schafft Gesundheit: Das Programm „Fit in Gesundheitsfragen“ zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Koller Ulrike , Siepmann Birgit , Braun Verena , Geulen Julia , Herold Karen , Greulich-Bode Karin , Hiller Birgit , Weg-Remers Susanne 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland weist mehr als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung eine geringe Gesundheitskompetenz auf. Diese Menschen haben Schwierigkeiten, gesundheitsrelevante Informationen zu finden, einzuordnen und anzuwenden. Unter ihnen sind auch viele junge Menschen, was den Stellenwert früher Interventionen zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz verdeutlicht.Das Programm „Fit in Gesundheitsfragen“ der Gesundheitsinformationsdienste vom Forschungszentrum Helmholtz Munich und dem Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum hat zum Ziel, einen Beitrag zur Förderung verschiedener Dimensionen von Gesundheitskompetenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu leisten. Dazu werden innovative Fortbildungsformate für Lehrkräfte und Unterrichtsmaterialien für Lernende der Sekundarstufen I und II konzipiert und begleitend evaluiert. Am Modell der Volkskrankheiten Krebs und Diabetes mellitus wird Wissen zu deren Entstehung, Prävention, Behandlung und Erforschung vermittelt. Darüber hinaus werden Wissen über das Gesundheitssystem und Materialien zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz bereitgestellt. Die Evaluation erhebt Indikatoren zu Reichweite und Akzeptanz der Maßnahmen.Seit 2018 wurden 46 Unterrichtsmaterialien und 3 Informationsschriften mit Hintergrundwissen für Lehrende veröffentlicht. Ferner wurden 50 Lehrerfortbildungen durchgeführt, an denen bis Ende 2021 rund 1600 Lehrkräfte und Multiplikatoren in Präsenz oder online teilnahmen. Sie erteilten den jeweiligen Veranstaltungen zu über 90 % sehr gute und gute Noten. Rund 80 % der Teilnehmenden gaben an, die vermittelten Themen in ihrem Unterricht aufgreifen zu wollen. Ein weiterer Ausbau des Angebots ist vorgesehen. Die Testung ausgewählter Materialien im Hinblick auf die Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz in einer Stichprobe von Lernenden ist in Planung.