bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical and Multilingual Experience Are Related to Healthy Aging: Better Some Than None But Even Better Together
Authors: Nijmeijer Saskia Esmee , van Tol Marie-José , Aleman André , Keijzer Merel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesLife experiences that are complex, sustained, and intense, such as active participation in music and speaking multiple languages, have been suggested to contribute to maintaining or improving cognitive performance and mental health. The current study focuses on whether lifetime musical and multilingual experiences differentially relate to cognition and well-being in older adults, and tests whether there is a cumulative effect of both experiences.MethodsA total of 11,335 older adults from the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study completed a musical and multilingual background and experience questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to categorize individuals into subgroups according to their various musical and multilingual experiences resulting in a (1) nonmusical, low-multilingual group; (2) nonmusical, high-multilingual group; (3) musical, low-multilingual group; and (4) musical high-multilingual group. To determine whether the groups differed in terms of cognition or emotional affect, differences in Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scores were investigated by means of multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsHaving high-multilingual, and not musical, experience was related to better RFFT performance compared to no experience, but not to more positive affect. Having both musical and high-multilingual experiences is related to better RFFT performance and more positive affect in advanced age compared to having only one experience or none. Importantly, these results were found independently of age, level of education, and socioeconomic status.DiscussionMusical and multilingual experiences are related to healthy aging, especially when combined, which supports the suggestion that a broader spectrum of lifetime experiences relates to cognitive reserve.
Design Thinking for Health Disparities and Interdisciplinary Knowledge Translation: An LGBTQ+ Youth Health Literacy Project
Authors: McInroy Lauren B , Hawkins Blake W , Zapcic Ian , Fregoli Clio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the use of codesign, design thinking (DT), and design jams in collaboration with interdisciplinary scholars, service providers, and community-based stakeholders as an approach to social work intervention development—specifically, to tackle health inequities and timely knowledge translation (KT). An application of these methods to the problem of sexual health disparities and lack of access to inclusive sexual health education in school-based settings for LGBTQ+ youth is discussed. LGBTQ+ Youth HeLP (Health Literacy Project) is a holistic online sexual health resource providing evidence-based information to LGBTQ+ youth in an accessible and age-appropriate format. This article considers potential opportunities and obstacles for utilizing DT to develop responsive solutions to health inequities and health-related KT learned from the project. Codesign offers effective options for generating collaborations that may increase cross-stakeholder perspective taking in group settings and produce high-quality outputs with increased likelihood of uptake.
A unifying view of modal clustering
Authors: Arias-Castro Ery , Qiao Wanli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo important non-parametric approaches to clustering emerged in the 1970s: clustering by level sets or cluster tree as proposed by Hartigan, and clustering by gradient lines or gradient flow as proposed by Fukunaga and Hostetler. In a recent paper, we draw a connection between these two approaches, in particular, by showing that the gradient flow provides a way to move along the cluster tree. Here, we argue the case that these two approaches are fundamentally the same. We do so by proposing two ways of obtaining a partition from the cluster tree—each one of them very natural in its own right—and showing that both of them reduce to the partition given by the gradient flow under standard assumptions on the sampling density.
A comparative study of pretrained language models for long clinical text
Authors: Li Yikuan , Wehbe Ramsey M , Ahmad Faraz S , Wang Hanyin , Luo Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinical knowledge-enriched transformer models (eg, ClinicalBERT) have state-of-the-art results on clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. One of the core limitations of these transformer models is the substantial memory consumption due to their full self-attention mechanism, which leads to the performance degradation in long clinical texts. To overcome this, we propose to leverage long-sequence transformer models (eg, Longformer and BigBird), which extend the maximum input sequence length from 512 to 4096, to enhance the ability to model long-term dependencies in long clinical texts.Materials and methodsInspired by the success of long-sequence transformer models and the fact that clinical notes are mostly long, we introduce 2 domain-enriched language models, Clinical-Longformer and Clinical-BigBird, which are pretrained on a large-scale clinical corpus. We evaluate both language models using 10 baseline tasks including named entity recognition, question answering, natural language inference, and document classification tasks.ResultsThe results demonstrate that Clinical-Longformer and Clinical-BigBird consistently and significantly outperform ClinicalBERT and other short-sequence transformers in all 10 downstream tasks and achieve new state-of-the-art results.DiscussionOur pretrained language models provide the bedrock for clinical NLP using long texts. We have made our source code available at https://github.com/luoyuanlab/Clinical-Longformer, and the pretrained models available for public download at: https://huggingface.co/yikuan8/Clinical-Longformer.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that clinical knowledge-enriched long-sequence transformers are able to learn long-term dependencies in long clinical text. Our methods can also inspire the development of other domain-enriched long-sequence transformers.
Determination of Amygdalin in Apricot Kernels and Almonds Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Makovi Carolyn M , Parker Christine H , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCyanogenic glycosides are secondary metabolites in plants. In almonds and apricot kernels, amygdalin is an abundant cyanogenic glycoside. Upon consumption, amygdalin is enzymatically metabolized into hydrogen cyanide. Depending on the number of kernels consumed and the amygdalin concentration, ingestion of amygdalin-containing kernels may result in adverse effects. To better understand the US marketplace, the development and validation of analytical methods to reliably measure amygdalin in apricot kernels and almonds is needed to support the collection of occurrence and consumption data in retail products.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitation of amygdalin in apricot kernels and almonds following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Foods Program Guidelines for the Validation of Chemical Methods, 3rd Edition.MethodsApricot kernels and almonds were cryogenically homogenized and extracted using methanol containing an internal standard (IS), geniposide, followed by filtration, dilution, and LC-MS/MS analysis. Matrix effects were minimized using dilution. Quantitation was achieved using an external, solvent-based calibration.ResultsThe amygdalin response was linear (r2 &gt; 0.99) over a range of 0.05–50 µg/mL. The recovery of amygdalin spiked at 10–10 000 µg/g in sweet apricot kernels, raw almond, and dry-roasted almond ranged from 90 to 107% with RSDs ≤6%. The method limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 0.8 and 2.5 ng/g, respectively. Amygdalin concentrations in 18 market samples ranged from 2 to 24 000 µg/g. Corresponding estimates of cyanide concentration ranged from 0.2 to 1420 µg/g.ConclusionsMethod performance meets the acceptance criteria defined by FDA guidelines and is fit for purpose for the analysis of amygdalin in apricot kernels and almonds.HighlightsAn LC-MS/MS method is developed for the quantification of amygdalin in apricot kernels and almonds.
A New Multi-Analyte LC–MS-MS Screening Method for the Detection of 120 NPSs and 49 Drugs in Hair
Authors: Rubicondo J , Scuffi L , Pietrosemoli L , Mineo M , Terranova F , Bartucca M , Trignano C , Bertol E , Vaiano F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has been increasingly used for screening purposes in forensic toxicology. High versatility and low time/resource consumption are the main advantages of this technology. Numerous multi-analyte methods have been validated in order to face the analytical challenge of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). However, forensic toxicologists must focus the attention also on “classical” NPSs and medicines, such as benzodiazepines (BDZs) and prescription opioids. In this paper, a new method for the simultaneous detection of 169 substances (120 NPSs and 49 other drugs) in hair by LC–MS-MS is described. After the decontamination of hair samples with dichloromethane, a 20-mg aliquot of the sample was mixed with 1 mL of methanol (MeOH; 0.1% of formic acid) and then sonicated at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was then dried under nitrogen stream and reconstituted with 100 µL of MeOH. LC separation was achieved with a 100-mm-long C18 column in 35 min, and mass acquisition was performed in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode and in positive ionization. The analysis results were very sensitive, with the limit of quantification ranging from 0.07 to 10.0 pg/mg. Accuracy and precision were always within the acceptable criteria. Matrix effect and recovery rate ranges were from −21.3 to + 21.9% and from 75.0 to 99.3%, respectively. The new method was successfully applied in a preliminary study on the prevalence of NPSs, BDZs and other substances in case of driving license issuance. In 14% of cases, BDZs/antidepressants (mainly trazodone, diazepam/nordiazepam and flunitrazepam) were found. Codeine, ketamine, methylone and mephedrone were also detected.
Microglial activation and over pruning involved in developmental epilepsy
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Hua , Liu Xueyan , Zhao Yajuan , Su Peng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To understand the potential role of microglia in synaptic pruning following status epilepticus (SE), we examined the time course of expression of Iba-1, and immune and neuroinflammatory regulators, including CD86, CD206, and CX3CR1, and TLR4/NF-κB after SE induced by pilocarpine in rats. Behavioral tests, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, PCR, and fluorescence double staining assessments were performed. The expression of Iba-1 protein was lowest in the control group, and peaked after 2 days (p &lt; 0.001). CD86 and CD206 mRNA levels increased gradually in the microglia of the epilepsy group after 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days; peak expression was on the second day. The expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in microglia increased to varying degrees after SE, and expression of the presynaptic protein synapsin decreased. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB in microglia positively correlated with Iba-1 protein expression. These findings indicate that the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the activation and polarization of microglia in epilepsy and in excess synaptic pruning, which could lead to an increase in brain injury.
Function-Based Conceptual Engineering and the Authority Problem
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I identify a central problem for conceptual engineering: the problem of showing concept-users why they should recognize the authority of the concepts advocated by engineers. I argue that this authority problem cannot generally be solved by appealing to the increased precision, consistency, or other theoretical virtues of engineered concepts. Outside contexts in which we already aim to realize theoretical virtues, solving the authority problem requires engineering to take a functional turn and attend to the functions of concepts. But this then presents us with the problem of how to specify a concept’s function. I argue that extant solutions to this function specification problem are unsatisfactory for engineering purposes, because the functions they identify fail to reliably bestow authority on concepts, and hence fail to solve the authority problem. What is required is an authoritative notion of conceptual function: an account of the functions of concepts which simultaneously shows why concepts fulfilling such functions should be recognized as having authority. I offer an account that meets this combination of demands by specifying the functions of concepts in terms of how they tie in with our present concerns.
Inhibition of integrated stress response protects against lipid-induced senescence in hypothalamic neural stem cells in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma
Authors: Wang Chaohu , Zhang Huarong , Fan Jun , Li Qing , Guo Rongrong , Pan Jun , Liu Yawei , Peng Junxiang , Zhu Qianchao , Feng Yiwen , Wu Chengdong , Luo Peng , Qiu Xiaoyu , Shi Jin , Deng Yingying , Qi Songtao , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a benign tumor with malignant clinical manifestations. ACP adjacent to the hypothalamus often presents with more severe symptoms and higher incidence of hypothalamic dysfunction. However, the mechanism underlying hypothalamic dysfunction remains unclear.MethodsImmunostaining was performed to determine the nerve damage to the floor of the third ventricle (3VF) adjacent to ACP and to examine the recruitment and senescence of hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs). The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in htNSCs was evaluated via BODIPY staining, oil red O staining, and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to evaluate the effect of cystic fluid or oxidized low-density lipoprotein and that of oxytocin (OXT) on htNSC senescence and the hypothalamic function. The protein expression levels were analyzed using western blotting.ResultshtNSCs with massive LD accumulation were recruited to the damaged 3VF adjacent to ACP. The LDs in htNSCs induced senescence and reduced neuronal differentiation; however, htNSC senescence was effectively prevented by inhibiting either CD36 or integrated stress response (ISR) signaling. Furthermore, OXT pretreatment reduced lipotoxicity via the inhibition of ISR signaling and the repair of the blood–brain barrier.ConclusionsReduced LD aggregation or ISR signaling inhibition prevented senescence in htNSCs and identified molecular pathways and potential therapeutic targets that may improve hypothalamic dysfunction in ACP patients.
The Rise in Prevalence and Related Costs of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in South Korea, 2010–2021
Authors: Kim Joong-Yub , Kwak Nakwon , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Between 2010 and 2021, the annual prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases in South Korea increased from 11.4 to 56.7 cases per 100 000 population. Prevalence in the population aged ≥65 years quadrupled from 41.9 to 163.1 cases per 100 000 population. Accordingly, the overall cost associated with NTM diseases increased.
Complete Genome Sequence Resource of Pectobacterium colocasium Strain F1-1 that Causes Soft Rot Disease of Taro
Authors: Huang Chien-Jui , Wu Ting-Li , Zheng Po-Xing , Ou Jheng-Yang , Ting Chao-Ling , Lin Yao-Cheng 
Published: December 2022

Pectobacterium colocasium is a recently named, narrow-host-range phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot of taro (Colocasium esculenta). It is found on the Chinese mainland and the island of Taiwan. Taro is a domesticated crop with a long history of cultivation in Taiwan and the Pacific islands. However, not much was known about Pectobacterium spp. from taro, especially from the islands in the Pacific. Herein, we report a high-quality, completely annotated genome sequence of P. colosacium strain F1-1. The 4,816,345 bp genome, which was assembled with Illumina and Nanopore reads with 217× and 311× coverage, respectively, consists of one chromosome and no plasmid. This completely circularized genome will aid future studies in comparative genomics, evolution, and pathogenicity of P. colocasium. This genome resource will also be helpful for developing strategies to control P. colocasium in taro. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
“Knowledge is Power”: Parent Views on the Benefits of Early Diagnosis and Awareness of Sex Chromosome Multisomy Among Pediatric Professionals
Authors: Riggan Kirsten A. , Gross Brianna , Close Sharron , Steinberg Abigail , Allyse Megan A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:

Objective:
Pediatric diagnoses of sex chromosome multisomies (SCMs) have increased as genetic testing has expanded. However, depending on SCM presentation, there may be significant delays between symptom recognition and diagnosis. We conducted a survey of parents of children diagnosed with SCMs to understand their experiences receiving an SCM diagnosis and their support needs.

Methods:
We conducted an inductive qualitative analysis of open-ended survey responses for iterative themes related to presenting symptoms, diagnostic odyssey, immediate and long-term support needs, and awareness of SCMs.

Results:
Of the 323 parents who completed the survey, 185 parents received a pediatric diagnosis (0–21 years) in a child. Many parents expressed feelings of relief when receiving the diagnosis, especially if it occurred after a lengthy diagnostic odyssey. Parents reported frustration that their child's nonmedical symptoms, including learning disabilities, speech delays, attention deficits, and behavioral issues, were not flagged as potential indications for SCMs and suggested that greater awareness of SCMs by pediatricians, educators, and other professionals involved in their child's care may lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention.

Conclusion:
This is the largest qualitative study to date examining parent and caregiver experiences with a pediatric diagnosis of SCMs. Increased knowledge and awareness of nonmedical SCM symptoms are needed among medical, education, occupational, and psychology professionals for early testing referral and improved support of children with SCMs.
Environmental Exposures and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Mixture Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Li Huichu , Hart Jaime E. , Mahalingaiah Shruthi , Nethery Rachel C. , James Peter , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth , Eliassen A. Heather , Laden Francine 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Previous studies have linked environmental exposures with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a marker of ovarian reserve. However, associations with multiple environment factors has to our knowledge not been addressed.

Methods:
We included a total of 2,447 premenopausal women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) who provided blood samples during 1996–1999. We selected environmental exposures linked previously with reproductive outcomes that had measurement data available in NHSII, including greenness, particulate matter, noise, outdoor light at night, ultraviolet radiation, and six hazardous air pollutants (1,3-butadiene, benzene, diesel particulate matter, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, and tetrachloroethylene). For these, we calculated cumulative averages from enrollment (1989) to blood draw and estimated associations with AMH in adjusted single-exposure models, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).

Results:
Single-exposure models showed negative associations of AMH with benzene (percentage reduction in AMH per interquartile range [IQR] increase = 5.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 9.8) and formaldehyde (6.1%, 95% CI = 1.6, 10). PCA identified four major exposure patterns but only one with high exposure to air pollutants and light at night was associated with lower AMH. Hierarchical BKMR pointed to benzene, formaldehyde, and greenness and suggested an inverse joint association with AMH (percentage reduction comparing all exposures at the 75th percentile to median = 8.2%, 95% CI = 0.7, 15.1). Observed associations were mainly among women above age 40.

Conclusions:
We found exposure to benzene and formaldehyde to be consistently associated with lower AMH levels. The associations among older women are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposures accelerate reproductive aging.
Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide
Authors: Swanson Sonja A. , Studdert David M. , Zhang Yifan , Prince Lea , Miller Matthew 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Firearm ownership is strongly related to suicide risk, yet little is known about how much risk declines when ownership ends (“divestment”).

Methods:
Using data from 523,182 handgun owners, we estimated the effect of divesting and remaining divested versus never divesting on the risk of suicide and firearm-specific suicide. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting, adjusting for demographic and area-level measures.

Results:
The 5-year risk of suicide death was 25.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.1, 37.2) per 10,000 persons with divestment and 15.2 (95% CI = 13.2, 17.3) per 10,000 persons with no divestment, corresponding to a risk difference of 10.4 (95% CI = 0.7, 21.1) per 10,000 persons. The 5-year risk of firearm-specific suicide death was 6.3 (95% CI = 1.4, 11.9) per 10,000 persons with divestment and 12.9 (95% CI = 11.0, 14.6) per 10,000 persons with no divestment, corresponding to a risk difference of –6.6 (95% CI = –11.4, –0.1) per 10,000 persons. Comparing divestment to no divestment, risks were elevated for deaths due to other causes proposed as negative control outcomes; we incorporated these estimates into a series of bias derivations to better understand the magnitude of unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions:
Collectively, these estimates suggest that divestment reduces firearm suicide risk by 50% or more and likely reduces overall suicide risk as well, although future data collection is needed to fully understand the extent of biases such as unmeasured confounding.