bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An fMRI validation study of the word-monitoring task as a measure of implicit knowledge: Exploring the role of explicit and implicit aptitudes in behavioral and neural processing
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Cui Haining , Okamoto Kiyo , Kawashima Ryuta , Sugiura Motoaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, neural representation of adult second language (L2) speakers’ implicit grammatical knowledge was investigated. Advanced L2 speakers of Japanese living in Japan, as well as L1 Japanese speakers, performed a word-monitoring task (proposed as an implicit knowledge test) in the MRI scanner. Behavioral measures were obtained from aptitude tests for explicit (language analytic ability) and implicit (statistical learning ability) learning. Findings indicate that, although both L1 and L2 speakers recruited neural circuits associated with procedural memory during the word-monitoring task, different brain regions were activated: premotor cortex (L1 speakers) and left caudate (L2 speakers). The premotor cortex activation was weaker in L2 than L1 speakers but was positively correlated with the left caudate activation, suggesting that their grammatical knowledge, while less automatized, was still developing. Behavioral sensitivity to errors was predicted only by explicit language aptitude, which may play a key role in the automatization of grammatical knowledge.
The Power of Religious Activism in Tocqueville’s America: The Second Great Awakening and the Rise of Temperance and Abolitionism in New York State
Authors: Masters Ryan K. , Young Michael P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the religious origins of the American temperance and antislavery movements in New York State. We introduce new county-level longitudinal data between 1828 and 1838 to document the onset and growth of New York temperance and antislavery societies during the movements’ early stages. Data are compiled from numerous historical sources and document counts of temperance societies in 55 New York counties in years 1828, 1829, 1831, 1833, and 1834; and county-level counts of antislavery societies in years 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838. The early growth of temperance and antislavery societies across New York counties are examined as outcomes of state building, market changes, and religious activism associated with the Second Great Awakening. We hypothesize that religious activism was positively associated with the establishment of temperance and antislavery societies in New York counties between 1828 and 1834 and between 1835 and 1838, respectively, as well as positively associated with growth in temperance and antislavery societies during these times. Results support our hypotheses with findings suggesting that evangelist activities were substantially influencing both the onset and growth of temperance and antislavery societies during the early stages of these social movements. The evidence is consistent with a “life politics” perspective of social movements and with the argument that US temperance and abolitionism were confessional protests with deep ties to the Second Great Awakening.
Can We Use 1D Models to Predict 3D Model Response to Forcing in an Idealized Framework?
Authors: Hwong Y.‐L. , Sherwood S. C. , Fuchs D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle‐column models (SCMs) simulations are sometimes used to evaluate model physics and aid parameterization development. However, few studies have systematically compared SCM behavior—where column boundary conditions are specified—with that of corresponding 3D models, where columns interact dynamically. Here we address this by comparing forced responses of an SCM in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) with those of a multi‐column model (MCM) where the model domain is in RCE but individual columns are not, examining what factors affect the models' comparability. We find that convective organization in the MCM depends at least as much on the convection scheme as on other mechanisms known to organize convection (e.g., radiative feedback). Moreover, convective organization emerges as a robust factor affecting SCM–MCM comparability, with more aggregated states in 3D associated with larger behavior deviations from the 1D counterpart. This is found across five convection schemes and applies to simulated mean states, linear responses to small tendency perturbations, and adjustments to doubled‐CO2 forcing. Nevertheless, we find that even when convection is organized, behavior differences between pairs of schemes in the SCM are largely preserved in the MCM. This indicates that when model physics produces accurate behavior in a 1D setup, it will be more likely to do so in a 3D setup. However, our idealized RCE framework implies that these conclusions may not apply to situations with strong large‐scale forcing or encountered over land. Lastly, we demonstrate the practical value of linear responses by showing that they can accurately predict an SCM's tropospheric adjustment to doubled‐CO2 forcing.
PGC-1α induced mitochondrial biogenesis in stromal cells underpins mitochondrial transfer to melanoma
Authors: Kumar Prakrit R. , Saad Mona , Hellmich Charlotte , Mistry Jayna J. , Moore Jamie A. , Conway Shannon , Morris Christopher J. , Bowles Kristian M. , Moncrieff Marc D. , Rushworth Stuart A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionProgress in the knowledge of metabolic interactions between cancer and its microenvironment is ongoing and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Until recently, melanoma was considered a glycolytic tumour due to mutations in mitochondrial-DNA, however, these malignant cells can regain OXPHOS capacity via the transfer of mitochondrial-DNA, a process that supports their proliferation in-vitro and in-vivo. Here we study how melanoma cells acquire mitochondria and how this process is facilitated from the tumour microenvironment.MethodsPrimary melanoma cells, and MSCs derived from patients were obtained. Genes’ expression and DNA quantification was analysed using Real-time PCR. MSC migration, melanoma proliferation and tumour volume, in a xenograft subcutaneous mouse model, were monitored through bioluminescent live animal imaging.ResultsHuman melanoma cells attract bone marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs) to the primary tumour site where they stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the MSCs through upregulation of PGC1a. Mitochondria are transferred to the melanoma cells via direct contact with the MSCs. Moreover, inhibition of MSC-derived PGC1a was able to prevent mitochondrial transfer and improve NSG melanoma mouse tumour burden.ConclusionMSC mitochondrial biogenesis stimulated by melanoma cells is prerequisite for mitochondrial transfer and subsequent tumour growth, where targeting this pathway may provide an effective novel therapeutic approach in melanoma.
Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with differential DNA methylation in peripheral blood of their grandchildren
Authors: Watkins Sarah Holmes , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Pembrey Marcus , Golding Jean , Suderman Matthew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe idea that information can be transmitted to subsequent generation(s) by epigenetic means has been studied for decades but remains controversial in humans. Epidemiological studies have established that grandparental exposures are associated with health outcomes in their grandchildren, often with sex-specific effects; however, the mechanism of transmission is still unclear. We conducted Epigenome Wide Association Studies (EWAS) to test whether grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with altered DNA methylation (DNAm) in peripheral blood from their adolescent grandchildren. We used data from a birth cohort, with discovery and replication datasets of up to 1225 and 708 individuals (respectively, for the maternal line), aged 15–17 years, and tested replication in the same individuals at birth and 7 years. We show for the first time that DNAm at a small number of loci in cord blood is associated with grandmaternal smoking in humans. In adolescents we see suggestive associations in regions of the genome which we hypothesised a priori could be involved in transgenerational transmission - we observe sex-specific associations at two sites on the X chromosome and one in an imprinting control region. All are within transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and we observe enrichment for TFBS among the CpG sites with the strongest associations; however, there is limited evidence that the associations we see replicate between timepoints. The implication of this work is that effects of smoking during pregnancy may induce DNAm changes in later generations and that these changes are often sex-specific, in line with epidemiological associations.
Comparison of the efficacy of the early LI-SWT plus daily tadalafil with daily tadalafil only as penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction
Authors: Jang Se Won , Lee Eun Hye , Chun So Young , Ha Yun-Sok , Choi Seock Hwan , Lee Jun Nyung , Kim Bum Soo , Kim Hyun Tae , Kim See Hyung , Kim Tae-Hwan , Yoo Eun Sang , Chung Jae-Wook , Kwon Tae Gyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study compares the efficacy of the early low-intensity shock wave therapy (LI-SWT) plus daily tadalafil with daily tadalafil only therapy as penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer who underwent bilateral interfascial nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (robotic or open). From April 2019 to March 2021, 165 patients were enrolled, and 80 of them successfully completed this prospective study. Daily tadalafil were administered to all the patients. LI-SWT consisted of a total of six sessions. Each session was performed on days 4, 5, 6, and 7, and on the second and fourth weeks after surgery. Each LI-SWT session consisted of 300 shocks at an energy density of 0.09 mJ/mm2 and a frequency of 120 shocks per minute that were delivered at each of the five treatment points for 15 min. Thirty-nine patients were treated with tadalafil-only (group A) while 41 were treated with tadalafil and LI-SWT simultaneously (group B). At postoperative 6 months, the proportion of patients with erection hardness scores (EHS) ≥ 3 (4/39 vs. 12/41) was significantly higher in group B (p = 0.034), and LI-SWT was the only independent factor for predicting EHS ≥ 3 (OR, 3.621; 95% CI, 1.054–12.437; p = 0.041). There were no serious side effects related to early LI-SWT. Early LI-SWT plus daily tadalafil therapy as penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction is thought to be more efficacious than tadalafil only. Further large-scaled randomized controlled trials will be needed to validate these findings.
A﻿ TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic
Authors: Shapira Tirosh , Monreal I. Abrrey , Dion Sébastien P. , Buchholz David W. , Imbiakha Brian , Olmstead Andrea D. , Jager Mason , Désilets Antoine , Gao Guang , Martins Mathias , Vandal Thierry , Thompson Connor A. H. , Chin Aaleigha , Rees William D. , Steiner Theodore , Nabi Ivan Robert , Marsault Eric , Sahler Julie , Diel Diego G. , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. , August Avery , Whittaker Gary R. , Boudreault Pierre-Luc , Leduc Richard , Aguilar Hector C. , Jean François 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains a global public health crisis. Although widespread vaccination campaigns are underway, their efficacy is reduced owing to emerging variants of concern1,2. Development of host-directed therapeutics and prophylactics could limit such resistance and offer urgently needed protection against variants of concern3,4. Attractive pharmacological targets to impede viral entry include type-II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) such as TMPRSS2; these proteases cleave the viral spike protein to expose the fusion peptide for cell entry, and thus have an essential role in the virus lifecycle5,6. Here we identify and characterize a small-molecule compound, N-0385, which exhibits low nanomolar potency and a selectivity index of higher than 106 in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells and in donor-derived colonoids7. In Calu-3 cells it inhibits the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). Notably, in the K18-human ACE2 transgenic mouse model of severe COVID-19, we found that N-0385 affords a high level of prophylactic and therapeutic benefit after multiple administrations or even after a single administration. Together, our findings show that TTSP-mediated proteolytic maturation of the spike protein is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo, and suggest that N-0385 provides an effective early treatment option against COVID-19 and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Frequency independent, remotely reconfigurable passive coherent perfect absorber using conventional inkjet-printing technology
Authors: Assimonis Stylianos D. , Machado Gabriel G. , Fusco Vincent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work presents a systematic theoretical analysis and experimental validation of a novel coherent absorber which is printed through conventional inkjet-printing technology. The new absorber consists of a single resistively loaded sheet printed on a conventional plastic sheet, resulting a low complexity and passive design. The low-cost and easily fabricated absorber is frequency independent, polarization insensitive, wide-angle and we demonstrate its absorbance reconfigurability using a remote illumination as a control signal. Theoretical, numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. Specifically, experimental results shown that near perfect absorption (i.e., $$100\%$$

100
%

) can be achieved using a printed sheet of thickness $$\lambda /215$$

λ
/
215

.
Analysis of intra-particle liquid capillary spread mechanisms in high-temperature stope leaching using MRI
Authors: Xue Zhenlin , Gan Deqing , Zhang Youzhi , Liu Zhiyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCapillary penetration is widely existed in stope leaching, both the rate of liquid wetting ore and flow out of ore are affected by it. Stope leaching is carried out in a high-temperature environment when mining minerals with large burial depth. The mechanism of intra-particle liquid capillary penetration mechanisms at high-temperature have not been revealed. In this paper, samples with a size of Φ50 mm × 100 mm were selected for quantitative analysis. The capillary rise behaviour inside samples with different porosity were detected at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In most cases, capillary rise height is underestimated when the outside wetting line is used as an indicator, because the rise height inside the sample is greater. The liquid capillary rise height increased slightly with the temperature, whereas the wetting surface profile remained unchanged. The capillary rise rate increased significantly with porosity, mainly due to the increase of internal effective porosity. The results help to understand the liquid penetration behaviour under high-temperature stope leaching condition, and lay a theoretical foundation for improving the liquid permeability.
Crystal structure report of the ImmR transcriptional regulator DNA-binding domain of the Bacillus subtilis ICEBs1 transposon
Authors: Caliandro Rosanna , de Diego Iñaki , Gomis-Rüth F. Xavier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBacillus subtilis is a commensal member of the human oral and gut microbiomes, which can become infectious to immunocompromised patients. It possesses a conjugative transposon, ICEBs1, which includes > 20 genes and can be passed by horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria, including pathogenic Bacillus anthracis and Listeria monocytogenes. ICEBs1 is regulated by the ImmR/ImmA tandem, which are a transcriptional repressor that constitutively blocks transcription and a metallopeptidase that acts as anti-repressor and inactivates ImmR by proteolytic cleavage. We here report the production and purification of 127-residue ImmR from ICEBs1 and the crystal structure of its DNA-binding domain. It features a five-helix bundle centred on a helix-turn-helix motif potentially binding the major grove of double-stranded target DNA. ImmR shows structural and mechanistic similarity with the B. subtilis SinR repressor, which is engaged in sporulation inhibition.
Messqualität bei der Glukosemessung im Rahmen der Diabetesdiagnose und -therapie in Deutschland
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Heinemann Lutz , Pleus Stefan , Petersmann Astrid , Kaiser Patricia , Nauck Matthias 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Messqualität eines Glukosemess-Systems muss ausreichend hoch sein, damit zuverlässige Messergebnisse im klinischen Sinne der Zweckbestimmung (z. B. Diabetes-Diagnose, -Verlaufskontrolle) erhalten werden. Für Glukosemessungen in der Heilkunde gilt die Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen, die Vorgaben zur internen und externen Qualitätssicherung macht. Nach Ansicht der Autoren besteht hier allerdings Verbesserungspotential, das anhand von Beispielen erläutert wird. Für Messysteme, die durch Patienten im Rahmen der Selbstmessung der Blutglukose eingesetzt werden, gibt es keine rechtlich bindenden Vorgaben zur Qualitätssicherung. Beim kontinuierlichen Glukose-Monitoring ist eine regelmäßige Überprüfung der Messqualität durch die Anwender derzeit technisch nicht möglich. Zudem fehlen in beiden Fällen regelmäßig wiederkehrende, herstellerunabhängige Untersuchungen der Messgenauigkeit, die zur Verbesserung der Messqualität beitragen könnten.
A Comparative Analysis of Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Children with Febrile Seizures and Febrile Controls
Authors: Kumar K. Jagadish , Kurvari Gaurav , Kumar H. C. Krishna , Tejashree A. , Manjunath V. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background Febrile seizures (FSs) are the common presentations of seizures in childhood. Activation of cytokine network plays a significant role in the genesis of FSs. Interleukin (IL)-6 is often considered as key cytokine in the generation of FSs.

Objectives To compare the serum IL-6 levels in children between simple febrile seizures (SFSs) and febrile controls (FCs).

Materials and Methods This hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in JSS Hospital, Mysuru, during a period of 21 months. A total of 83 children were included in the study. Out of which, 38 were cases of SFSs and 45 were FCs without seizures. Serum IL-6 levels were estimated in both SFS and FC groups.

Results Serum IL-6 levels were increased among children with SFSs (mean = 608.15 pg/mL) when compared with FCs (mean = 342 pg/mL), but the results are not statistically significant (p = 0.165). In SFS and FC groups, percentage of subjects with IL-6 levels >50 pg/mL is 31.6 and 44.4%, respectively (p = 0.16).

Conclusion Serum IL-6 levels are higher in children with SFSs compared with FCs. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Composition-dependent ordering transformations in Pt–Fe nanoalloys
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Zhang Siming , Li Can , Liu Zhijuan , Sun Xianhu , Cheng Shaobo , Zakharov Dmitri N. , Hwang Sooyeon , Zhu Yimei , Fang Jiye , Wang Guofeng , Zhou Guangwen 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Dynamically understanding the microscopic processes governing ordering transformations has rarely been attained. The situation becomes even more challenging for nanoscale alloys, where the significantly increased surface-area-to-volume ratio not only opens up a variety of additional freedoms to initiate an ordering transformation but also allows for kinetic interplay between the surface and bulk due to their close proximity. We provide direct evidence of the microscopic processes controlling the ordering transformation through the surface–bulk interplay in Pt–Fe nanoalloys and new features rendered by variations in alloy composition and chemical stimuli. These results provide a mechanistic detail of ordering transformation phenomena which are widely relevant to nanoalloys as chemical ordering occurs in most multicomponent materials under suitable environmental bias.
Reforming the police through procedural justice training: A multicity randomized trial at crime hot spots
Authors: Weisburd David , Telep Cody W. , Vovak Heather , Zastrow Taryn , Braga Anthony A. , Turchan Brandon 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceOur study is a randomized trial in policing confirming that intensive training in procedural justice (PJ) can lead to more procedurally just behavior and less disrespectful treatment of people at high-crime places. The fact that the PJ intervention reduced arrests by police officers, positively influenced residents’ perceptions of police harassment and violence, and also reduced crime provides important guidance for police reform in a period of strong criticism of policing. This randomized trial points to the potential for PJ training not simply to encourage fair and respectful policing but also to improve evaluations of the police and crime prevention effectiveness.
Multikingdom interactions govern the microbiome in subterranean cultural heritage sites
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Zhou Xiaoai , Jin Tao , Li Yonghui , Wu Bin , Yu Daoyuan , Yu Zongren , Su Bomin , Chen Ruirui , Feng Youzhi , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThe conservation of historical relics against microbial biodeterioration is critical to preserving cultural heritages. One major challenge is our limited understanding of microorganisms’ dispersal, colonization, and persistence on relics after excavation and opening to external environments. Here, we investigate the ecological and physiological profiles of the microbiome within and outside the Dahuting Han Dynasty Tomb with a 1,800-y history. Actinobacteria dominate the microbiome in this tomb. Via interkingdom signaling mutualism, springtails carry Actinobacteria as one possible source into the tomb from surrounding environments. Subsequently, Actinobacteria produce cellulases combined with antimicrobial substances, which helps them to colonize and thrive in the tomb via intrakingdom competition. Our findings unravel the ecology of the microbiomes colonizing historical relics and provide help for conservation practices.
La subtitulación en Prime Video
Authors: Sierra Juan José Martínez 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Borat Subsequent Moviefilm is a film originally produced in English and an alleged Kazakh
language and is included in the catalog of the video-on-demand Prime Video. This article offers a quantitative analysis of its
European Spanish and Latin Spanish subtitles. Prime Video’s style guide will be used as the basis for analysis with additional
quantitative data on the subtitling action performed. The conclusion notes a remarkable degree of compliance with the Prime
Video’s guide. Besides, the numerical difference between the characters in the subtitling of the source version and the two
translated ones is less than initially suspected.
Polifuncionalidad y prosodia
Authors: Gras Pedro , Cabedo Adrián 
Published: March 2022

Abstracta
Este trabajo analiza los rasgos prosódicos de construcciones independientes introducidas por a ver
si a partir de muestras orales procedentes de dos corpus de español coloquial peninsular: el corpus Val.Es.Co. (Briz Gómez 2002; Cabedo y Pons 2013) y el
corpus COLA de Madrid (Jorgensen 2007). Tras señalar las limitaciones del tratamiento
de a ver si como partícula discursiva, se propone un análisis basado en la Gramática de Construcciones, que
reconoce tres construcciones modales introducidas por a ver si: comprobativa, desiderativa y contraexpectativa.
El análisis prosódico muestra diferencias acústicas entre las construcciones, tanto en términos de su configuración melódica como
de la duración silábica. Estos resultados apoyan un acercamiento construccional que reconoce la prosodia como uno de los
componentes de las construcciones gramaticales.