bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary forest loss and degradation reduces biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: A global meta‐analysis using dung beetles as an indicator taxon
Authors: López‐Bedoya Pablo A. , Bohada‐Murillo Mauricio , Ángel‐Vallejo María Camila , Audino Livia Dorneles , Davis Adrian L. V. , Gurr Geoff , Noriega Jorge Ari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause of continuing degradation or deforestation in areas of undisturbed primary forest, there is a need to study the relative merit of strategies that mitigate their impacts on biodiversity and associated ecological functionality.Here, we provide a global synthesis of forest degradation or deforestation using 48 studies published in peer‐reviewed journals that use dung beetles as indicators given their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance and their relevance in performing essential ecological functions in terrestrial ecosystems.We evaluated forest cover associated with undisturbed primary forest degradation (i.e. degraded primary forest) and undisturbed primary forest deforestation (i.e. secondary forest, forestry plantations and forestry restoration implementation) on species richness, total abundance, biomass, functional groups' presence and ecological functions provided by dung beetles. Additionally, we determined whether if dung beetle responses to forest disturbances were geographically dependent.We found lower diversity and a decrease in ecological functions associated with all classes of disturbance in primary forest. However, the effects were less severe in the case of forest degradation compared to complete deforestation with natural regeneration of secondary forest, development of forest plantations or active forest restoration by planting indigenous trees. The Neotropical and Oriental regions are particularly vulnerable, given the elevated rates of undisturbed primary forest deforestation and its negative impact on their assemblages' diversity and ecological functions.Synthesis and applications. Our results show that efforts for the conservation of remaining undisturbed primary forests need to be prioritized, especially in tropical latitudes. However, in regions where primary forest conservation is not feasible, logging management programs in degraded primary forest may have a potential role in reducing negative impacts for dung beetle diversity and ecological functions. Moreover, we conclude that despite the negative effect of primary forest deforestation and implementation of secondary forest, forestry plantation and forestry restoration, they can be useful for partial recovery of diversity and ecological functions performed by dung beetles in areas lacking any primary forest (undisturbed or degraded) vegetation cover.
Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for food authentication: A review
Authors: Zhong Peng , Wei Xiaoqun , Li Xiangmei , Wei Xiaoyi , Wu Shaozong , Huang Weijuan , Koidis Anastasios , Xu Zhenlin , Lei Hongtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFood fraud is currently a growing global concern with far‐reaching consequences. Food authenticity attributes, including biological identity, geographical origin, agricultural production, and processing technology, are susceptible to food fraud. Metabolic markers and their corresponding authentication methods are considered as a promising choice for food authentication. However, few metabolic markers were available to develop robust analytical methods for food authentication in routine control. Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) is increasingly used to discover metabolic markers. This review summarizes the general workflow, recent applications, advantages, advances, limitations, and future needs of untargeted metabolomics by LC‐MS for identifying metabolic markers in food authentication. In conclusion, untargeted metabolomics by LC‐MS shows great efficiency to discover the metabolic markers for the authenticity assessment of biological identity, geographical origin, agricultural production, processing technology, freshness, cause of animals’ death, and so on, through three main steps, namely, data acquisition, biomarker discovery, and biomarker validation. The application prospects of the selected markers by untargeted metabolomics require to be valued, and the selected markers need to be eventually applicable at targeted analysis assessing the authenticity of unknown food samples.
Microbiota‐microglia connections in age‐related cognition decline
Authors: Zhou Rui , Qian Shufang , Cho William C. S. , Zhou Jinyun , Jin Chentao , Zhong Yan , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaohui , Xu Zhoujiao , Tian Mei , Chan Lawrence W. C. , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAging is an inevitable process that all individuals experience, of which the extent differs among individuals. It has been recognized as the risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities. Aging‐induced changes in gut microbiota compositions have a critical role in orchestrating the morphology and functions of microglia through the gut‐brain axis. Gut microbiota communicates with microglia by its secreted metabolites and neurotransmitters. This is highly associated with age‐related cognitive declines. Here, we review the main composition of microbiota in the aged individuals, outline the changes of the brain in age‐related cognitive decline from a neuroinflammation perspective, especially the changes of morphology and functions of microglia, discuss the crosstalk between microbiota and microglia in the aged brain and further highlight the role of microbiota‐microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with gestational diabetes and without specific medical conditions: an Australian population‐based study comparing induction of labor with expectant management
Authors: Seimon Radhika V. , Natasha Nassar , Schneuer Francisco J. , Pereira Gavin , Mackie Adam , Ross Glynis P. , Sweeting Arianne N. , Seeho Sean K. M. , Hocking Samantha L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/aimsTo evaluate maternal birth and neonatal outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but without specific medical conditions and eligible for vaginal birth who underwent induction of labour (IOL) at term compared with those who were expectantly managed.Materials and methodsPopulation‐based cohort study of women with GDM, but without medical conditions, who had a singleton, cephalic birth at 38–41 completed weeks gestation, in New South Wales, Australia between January 2010 and December 2016. Women who underwent IOL at 38, 39, 40 weeks gestation (38‐, 39‐, 40‐induction groups) were compared with those who were managed expectantly and gave birth at and/or beyond the respective gestational age group (38‐, 39‐, 40‐expectant groups). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between IOL and adverse maternal birth and neonatal outcomes taking into account potential confounding by maternal age, country of birth, smoking, residential location, residential area of socioeconomic disadvantage and birth year.ResultsOf 676 762 women who gave birth during the study period, 66 606 (10%) had GDM; of these, 34799 met the inclusion criteria. Compared with expectant management, those in 38‐ (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18), 39‐ (aOR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14–1.28) and 40‐ (aOR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.40–1.60) induction groups had increased risk of caesarean section. Women in the 38‐induction group also had an increased risk of composite neonatal morbidity (aOR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21), which was not observed at 39‐ and 40‐induction groups. We found no difference between groups in perinatal death or neonatal intensive care unit admission for births at any gestational age.ConclusionIn women with GDM but without specific medical conditions and eligible for vaginal birth, IOL at 38, 39, 40 weeks gestation is associated with an increased risk of caesarean section.
Activity and toxicity of intramuscular 1000 iu/m2 polyethylene glycol‐E. coliL‐asparaginase in the UKALL 2003 and UKALL 2011 clinical trials
Authors: Sidhu Jasmeet , Masurekar Ashish Narayan , Gogoi Manash Pratim , Fong Caroline , Ioannou Tasos , Lodhi Taha , Parker Catriona , Liu Jizhong , Kirkwood Amy A. , Moorman Anthony V. , Das Kiranmoy , Goulden Nicholas J. , Vora Ajay , Saha Vaskar , Krishnan Shekhar 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIn successive UK clinical trials (UKALL 2003, UKALL 2011) for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), polyethylene glycol‐conjugated E. coli L‐asparaginase (PEG‐EcASNase) 1000 iu/m2 was administered intramuscularly with risk‐stratified treatment. In induction, patients received two PEG‐EcASNase doses, 14 days apart. Post‐induction, non‐high‐risk patients (Regimens A, B) received 1–2 doses in delayed intensification (DI) while high‐risk Regimen C patients received 6–10 PEG‐EcASNase doses, including two in DI. Trial substudies monitored asparaginase (ASNase) activity, ASNase‐related toxicity and ASNase‐associated antibodies (total, 1112 patients). Median (interquartile range) trough plasma ASNase activity (14 ± 2 days post dose) following first and second induction doses and first DI dose was respectively 217 iu/l (144–307 iu/l), 265 iu/l (165–401 iu/l) and 292 iu/l (194–386 iu/l); 15% (138/910) samples showed subthreshold ASNase activity (<100 iu/l) at any trough time point. Older age was associated with lower (regression coefficient −9.5; p < 0.0001) and DI time point with higher ASNase activity (regression coefficient 29.9; p < 0.0001). Clinical hypersensitivity was observed in 3.8% (UKALL 2003) and 6% (UKALL 2011) of patients, and in 90% or more in Regimen C. A 7% (10/149) silent inactivation rate was observed in UKALL 2003. PEG‐EcASNase schedule in UKALL paediatric trials is associated with low toxicity but wide interpatient variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring potentially permits optimisation through individualised asparaginase dosing.
Rehearsing post‐Covid‐19 citizenship: Social representations of UK Covid‐19 mutual aid
Authors: O’Dwyer Emma , Souza Luiz Gustavo Silva , Beascoechea‐Seguí Neus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeople across the world have responded to the pandemic by mobilizing and organizing to support their communities, setting up mutual aid groups to provide practical, financial, and social support. Mutual aid means short‐term 'crisis response' for some, while for other groups, it is a chance to radically restructure society, and what it means to be a member of that society. Drawing on social representations theory and previous work on citizenship in social and political psychology, we examined the ways in which mutual aid was understood and performed by members of UK Covid‐19 mutual aid groups. We conducted 29 interviews with members of these groups in May/June 2020. A reflexive thematic analysis showed that mutual aid groups were characterized as complex, efficient, and non‐hierarchical units, operating on the principles of solidarity, kindness, and trust. Two tensions were evident in the data, specifically between (1) collaboration with existing organizations and structures (e.g., local government and the police), and resistance to it and (2) maximizing group inclusivity and sustaining political critique. Findings are discussed in relation to existing theoretical and empirical work on citizenship and mutual aid groups.
Molecular genetic testing in the management of pituitary disease
Authors: Coopmans Eva C. , Korbonits Márta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveMost pituitary tumours occur sporadically without a genetically identifiable germline abnormality, a small but increasing proportion present with a genetic defect that predisposes to pituitary tumour development, either isolated (e.g., aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐interacting protein, AIP) or as part of a tumour‐predisposing syndrome (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1, Carney complex, McCune‐Albright syndrome or pituitary tumour and paraganglioma association). Genetic alterations in sporadic pituitary adenomas may include somatic mutations (e.g., GNAS, USP8). In this review, we take a practical approach: which genetic syndromes should be considered in case of different presentation, such as tumour type, family history, age of onset and additional clinical features of the patient.DesignReview of the recent literature in the field of genetics of pituitary tumours.ResultsGenetic testing in the management of pituitary disease is recommended in a significant minority of the cases. Understanding the genetic basis of the disease helps to identify patients and at‐risk family members, facilitates early diagnosis and therefore better long‐term outcome and opens up new pathways leading to tumorigenesis.ConclusionWe provide a concise overview of the genetics of pituitary tumours and discuss the current challenges and implications of these genetic findings in clinical practice.
The corporate governance consequences of small shareholdings: Evidence from sovereign wealth fund cross‐border investments
Authors: Chen Ruiyuan (Ryan) , El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane , Liu Feiyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueExisting research on sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) has largely explored how they affect target firm value, overlooking the role they play in corporate governance. This paper examines the impact of SWFs' cross‐border equity acquisitions on targets' corporate governance and the role the institutional environment of SWF countries plays in shaping this impact.Research Findings/InsightsWe use a difference‐in‐differences approach and find that, on average, SWF investments are negatively related to target firms' corporate governance. This impact holds for small SWF cross‐border equity investments only and is stronger for firms that are weakly governed and for those located in jurisdictions with weak shareholder protection. The negative relation is more pronounced when SWFs' home countries have lower‐quality investor protection, corruption control, governmental effectiveness, and law enforcement than their host countries. We find further that SWF investments are positively associated with target firms' earnings management and negatively associated with investment efficiency. Finally, target firm value is found to decrease after SWF investments.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe evidence that SWFs' small equity investments are detrimental to target firms' corporate governance is broadly consistent with the view that SWFs are passive investors. Managers can exploit this passivity, as evidenced by higher earnings management, reduced investment efficiency, and lower firm value.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study has important policy implications for investors, SWF managers, and policymakers. The passive role of SWFs in corporate governance should prompt minority shareholders to look for alternative monitoring mechanisms. Moreover, SWF managers may realize the need to target firms with strong corporate governance at the outset to compensate for the post‐acquisition decline. Host country policymakers may need to condition SWF investments on commitments to improve the corporate governance of investee firms, which would be akin to the performance requirements imposed on inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This is particularly relevant for SWFs from countries with weak institutions that are targeting countries with strong institutions.
“The Best of Both Worlds”: Experiences of young people attending groups co‐facilitated by peer workers and clinicians in a youth mental health service
Authors: King Alicia Jean , Simmons Magenta Bender 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimGroups facilitated by peer workers have been shown to be effective in improving recovery‐related outcomes in adult populations. However, limited research has explored the involvement of peer workers in groups in youth mental health services. This qualitative study aimed to explore young people's experiences of participating in groups co‐facilitated by youth peer workers and clinicians.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 young people aged 15–25 years who had attended groups conducted in‐person and online at a tertiary youth mental health service. Young people were receiving individual support through the service for a range of mental health concerns. Groups were conducted by two clinicians and a youth peer worker who had used the same service and had undergone training in Intentional Peer Support®. An inductive approach using open, process, in vivo and pattern coding was used to identify key themes. Concept mapping was used to explore the relationships between them.ResultsNine overarching themes were identified that highlighted the unique and complementary contributions of youth peer worker and clinician roles. The sharing of lived experience by youth peer workers facilitated young people's engagement in group discussions, hope for the future, and sense of belonging, whereas clinical input created a sense of safety, structure and purpose.ConclusionsThese findings support the value of a co‐facilitation model in improving the engagement and recovery outcomes for young people experiencing mental health challenges.
Approaching intersectionality through metonymy: Coloniality and recursion at work
Authors: Riad Sally , Jones Deborah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper critically engages with intersectionality in an effort to counter its development into a reified ground and grid for examining and articulating difference in organization studies. We theorize intersectionality as frame/work and problematize the work of its frame through the disruptions and recursions of coloniality. We turn to metonymy for the analytical and conceptual possibilities it offers for interrogating intersectionality and examining the dynamics of difference and power. We analyze engagements with Kara Walker's artwork, Sugar Baby, which invite us to think about intersectionality in metonymic terms. We offer a double reading of this work of representation. The first reading outlines (re)productions and ironic subversions of metonymies of work, race, and gender, while the second scrutinizes them and forwards the significance of positionality and provisionality in intersectional work on coloniality. In doing so, we cultivate intersectionality as a critical idea but also submit it to critical analysis. By theorizing intersectionality as frame/work, we counter its metonymic role as proxy for diverse possibilities for engaging with difference and thereby confront its power dynamics. In closing, we outline the contributions to organizational research and contemplate the implications for “doing intersectionality” in organization studies.
Granulomas associated with renal neoplasms: A multi‐institutional clinicopathological study of 111 cases
Authors: Sangoi Ankur R , Maclean Fiona , Mohanty Sambit , Hes Ondrej , Daniel Reba , Lal Priti , Canete‐Portillo Sofia , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina , Cornejo Kristine M , Collins Katrina , Hwang Michael , Falzarano Sara M , Feely Mike M , Dababneh Melad , Harik Lara , Tretiakova Maria , Akgul Mahmut , Manucha Varsha , Chan Emily , Kao Chia‐Sui , Siadat Farshid , Arora Kanika , Barkan Guliz , Cheng Liang , Hirsch Michelle , Lei Li , Wasco Matthew , Williamson Sean R , Acosta Andres M 
Published: March 2022

AimsFormal depiction of granulomatous inflammation associated with renal neoplasms has mainly consisted of case reports. Herein, we investigate the clinicopathological features and potential significance of granulomas associated with renal tumours from a large multi‐institutional cohort.Methods and resultsOne hundred and eleven study cases were collected from 22 institutions, including 57 partial nephrectomies and 54 radical nephrectomies. Patient ages ranged from 27 to 85 years (average = 60.1 years; male = 61%). Renal neoplasms included clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 86%), papillary RCC (8%), chromophobe RCC (3%), clear cell papillary RCC (1%), mixed epithelial stromal tumour (1%) and oncocytoma (1%). Granulomas were peritumoral in 36%, intratumoral in 24% and both in 40% of cases. Total granuloma count per case ranged from one to 300 (median = 15) with sizes ranging from 0.15 to 15 mm (mean = 1.9 mm). Necrotising granulomas were seen in 14% of cases. Histochemical stains for organisms were performed on 45% of cases (all negative). Sixteen cases (14%) had a prior biopsy/procedure performed, and eight patients had neoadjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Eleven patients (10%) had a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis, including five in whom sarcoidosis was diagnosed after nephrectomy.ConclusionBased on this largest case‐series to date, peri−/intratumoral granulomas associated with renal neoplasms may be more common than initially perceived. The extent of granulomatous inflammation can vary widely and may or may not have necrosis with possible aetiologies, including prior procedure or immunotherapy/chemotherapy. Although a clinical association with sarcoidosis is infrequent it can still occur, and the presence of granulomas warrants mention in pathology reports.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study working length determination and the performance of apex locators – A narrative review with recommendations for the future
Authors: ElAyouti Ashraf , Connert Thomas , Dummer Paul , Löst Claus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOutcome studies have repeatedly shown that the apical endpoint of root canal preparation and filling is a determinate factor for the outcome of root canal treatment. Accurate determination of root canal length enhances the efficacy of chemo‐mechanical disinfection and prevents over‐/under‐instrumentation and over‐/under‐filling in relation to the canal terminus. Long and short root canal fillings are consistently reported to be associated with higher rates of post‐treatment endodontic disease. Although standards for undertaking and reporting diagnostic accuracy studies are available, publications dealing with the determination of root canal length are highly heterogeneous and describe procedures inconsistently. The aim of this review is to critically assess the methodology of publications in the past three decades. The process of planning, performing and analysing working length studies are presented stepwise with suggestions to optimize research methods.
Water immersion skin wrinkling: modulation by common participant characteristics
Authors: Kava Jonathon , Dunlap Emily , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWater immersion skin wrinkling (WISW) has been used as a noninvasive test of a limb's sympathetic function. To date, research has not sufficiently explored this phenomenon. The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of common individual characteristics on WISW.MethodsDemographic information was collected on 39 apparently healthy adults varying widely in age. Each participant submerged one hand in 40°C water for 30 minutes. The degree of WISW was assessed using computer software. Because WISW is often associated with peripheral edema and facial wrinkling, we also evaluated facial wrinkling and hand volume expansion following prolonged immersion.ResultsSex, body mass index, and physical activity habits were not correlated with any of the WISW measures. Age was a predictor of the WISW score (β = −0.38, P = 0.02, R2 = 0.15). WISW score was significantly lower for participants who reported relevant medical history (cardiovascular, pulmonary, or psychological) than those with no such report. WISW was not associated with face wrinkling or hand volume expansion.ConclusionWe concluded that WISW was reduced in older age and those with medical history but was not affected by physical activity. These results are consistent with the prevalent notion that WISW may be a sympathetically mediated phenomenon.