bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic Gas Therapy in Neonatology: Considerations in Practice
Authors: Socarras Jorge Luis Alvarado , Martin Delia Edith Theurel , Hernández Edgar Fabian Manrique 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Adequate oxygenation is essential for sick newborns. Each disease determines
the target of oxygenation. Nevertheless, hyperoxia and hypoxia are related to adverse outcomes.
Most studies related to this aspect have been conducted in preterm infants or term babies with pulmonary
pathology.

Introduction:
Congenital heart diseases may also require careful oxygenation control and management
of oxygen supply.

Problem:
Presurgical stabilization of complex heart diseases (CHD) may be difficult, especially after
the physiological decrease of pulmonary resistance, which generates pulmonary edema (due to overcirculation)
and systemic hypoperfusion. Several strategies have been described to avoid this phenomenon,
such as prostaglandin, vasodilators, inotropes, positive airway pressure, and even hypoxic mixture
(inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO2) below 21%).

Discussion:
The latter therapy is mainly used in single ventricular physiology heart diseases, such as
the hypoplasic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or systemic ductus-dependent flow CHD (interruption of
the aortic arch and coarctation of the aorta). Alveolar oxygen affects pulmonary vascular resistance
modifying lung flow. This modification could help the stabilization during the presurgical period of
complex CDH. Many centers use hypoxic therapy to avoid hypotension, metabolic acidosis, coronarycerebral
ischemia, and liver, renal and intestinal injury. Despite the theoretical benefits, there are
doubts about how tissue oxygen supply would change during hypoxic gas ventilation. It is worrisome
that FiO2 < 21% causes a decrease in brain oxygenation, adding neurological injury as a complication
to the already established disease of CHD and other not modifiable factors. Brain monitoring through
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during hypoxic gas therapy is mandatory. Recent studies have
shown that hypoxic gas ventilation therapy in patients with HLHS in the preoperative period decreases
the ratio between systemic and pulmonary circulation (Qp/Qs) but does not improve regional oxygenation
delivery. The use of hypoxic gas ventilation therapy continues to be controversial. It could be
an option in some complex CHD, mainly HLHS.
Computer-Aided Identification of Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Inhibitory Flavonoids from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: Falade Ayodeji Osmund , Adewole Kayode Ezekiel , Gyebi Gideon Ampoma , Ishola Ahmed Adebayo 
Published: May 2022

Background:The reduced levels of acetylcholine and dopamine lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease PD, respectively, due to the action of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B.Methods:Therapeutic options for AD and PD involve respective cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitors, and considering the adverse outcomes of cholinergic- and monoaminergic- inhibitory therapeutics, phytoconstituents may be promising alternatives. Reports have shown that different extracts of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa exhibit anticholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory properties with the potential to delay and prevent the development of AD and PD. However, there is limited knowledge on the multitarget cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory activities of individual compounds in this plant. Computational methods were used to identify the specific compounds responsible for the observed cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory activities of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts.Results:Results confirm that three flavonoids: delphinidin-3-sambubioside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside showed strong binding affinity with acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B while the observed stability of the ligands-enzymes complexes over the MD simulation time suggests their cholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory properties.Conclusion:The three flavonoids may be responsible for the reported anticholinergic and monoaminergic inhibitory potentials of H. sabdariffa extracts and could be enlisted as multi-target inhibitory agents for cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase B.
Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Biological Evaluation of Betti Bases as
Promising Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Acharya Poornima , Ramana Mucheli Muni Venkata , Korgavkar Nilesh , Pavale Ganesh , Upadhyay Manish 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The occurrence of Tuberculosis (TB) has significantly increased worldwide. The
extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have
made it more challenging to treat this mycobacterial infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis
MTB-H37Rv strain. The present treatments for tuberculosis are of long duration and with side effects.
Thus, it is necessary to discover new drugs with short-term chemotherapy, fewer health hazards, and cost
effectiveness.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to divulge the antitubercular properties of Betti base scaffolds.

Method:
Betti bases were designed, synthesized 4a-4h, 6a-6h, and investigated for their in vitro antitubercular
activity using Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) against the MTB-H37Rv strain. Their
binding affinity with amino acids was studied by performing molecular docking studies using InhA (PDB
ID: 2NSD) present in the MTB-H37Rv strain. Cytotoxicity assay and neutrophil function test (NFT) were
also performed.

Results:
The Betti bases (4a-4h, 6d) showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging
from 1.6 μg/mL to 6.25 μg/mL against the MTB-H37Rv strain. The compounds (4a-4h, 6a-6h) were investigated
for their ADME properties and good pharmacokinetic profiles were observed. In molecular
docking studies, a strong binding affinity between InhA and the compounds (4a-4h, 6a-6h) was observed,
which provided theoretical insight into the inhibitory action of the synthesized compounds (4a-4h, 6a-6h)
against InhA. NFT of the compounds (4a-4h, 6a-6h) showed no harmful effects on the functions of neutrophils.
In vitro cytotoxicity assay against Vero cell lines revealed the non-cytotoxic behavior of the
compounds.

Conclusion:
Betti bases can be considered to be a promising class of molecular entities that can lead to
the development of new anti-tubercular leads.
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Status of Asthma
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Piplani Mona , Singh Yogendra , Joshi Yogesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstrtact:Asthma, a common respiratory disorder with frequent blowout following a characteristic spread pattern is vibrant in India. Respiratory disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide. `1 In India, asthma is more prominent especially in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh of the North India region. In this review, our main focus is to study the drug therapy for the asthma and its complications. The present paper illustrates the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, mechanism of airway inflammation, classification, and diagnosis of asthma. We have also compiled the data of asthma in Northern India, state-wise for the last five years. Diagnosis and management of asthma are also described as per the guidelines of various agencies, i.e., NICE/BTS/SIGN and WHO.
Tools for Quality of Life Assessment during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mitta Kyriaki , Mintziori Gesthimani , Mastorakos George , Taousani Eleftheria , Tzitiridou Maria , Goulis Dimitrios G. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Pregnancy is a period of physiological and hormonal alterations that can
decrease the quality of life (QoL). Women’s subjective perception of QoL is clinically relevant for
assessing the effectiveness of interventions and identifying susceptibility to depression.

Objective:
This review aims to identify, present, and critically appraise the assessment tools of QoL
during pregnancy.

Methods:
A narrative review of the English-language literature was conducted through the PubMed,
CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases.

Conclusion:
Several generic instruments have been proposed, such as pregnancy-specific and disease-
specific questionnaires concerning common diseases during pregnancy. Plasma, salivary and
hair cortisol, inflammatory, genetic and epigenetic biomarkers and gut microbiome have also been
investigated as potential indicators of maternal anxiety. Their use can quantify the association between
pregnancy-specific anxiety and QoL. Application of validated assessment tools of QoL during
pregnancy could improve QoL, maternal health interventions, and early identification of susceptibility
to maternal depression.
Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Morphology on its Photocatalytic
Properties
Authors: Padalkar Sonal , Fallatah Ahmad , Kuku Mohammed , Almomtan Mohammed , Whale Alison 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a transparent oxide material with a theoretical
bandgap of 3.4 eV, which finds potential applications, including transistors, varistors, solar cells,
and other solar applications. The properties of ZnO can be manipulated by controlling its morphology.

Methods:
The orientation and well-defined nanostructures can be obtained by controlling the
growth rates of various ZnO facets by utilizing appropriate capping agents. Here, we report the
electrodeposition of ZnO nanostructured thin films in the presence of various capping agents to
obtain different ZnO morphologies. The electrodeposition of ZnO nanostructures was carried out
on an indium doped tin oxide (ITO) with a glass substrate by using a zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2)
bath at 70 °C and an applied potential of -1.0 V. To this zinc nitrate bath, capping agents like
ammonium fluoride (NH4F) or ethylenediamine (EDA) were added to obtain different ZnO
morphologies. These various ZnO morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
The composition of the nanostructures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The photoelectrochemical
(PEC) properties of these ZnO nanostructures were measured using a PEC cell.

Conclusion:
The PEC properties were influenced by different ZnO morphologies.
Statins Enhance the Potency of First Line Anti-Helicobacter Regimens to
that of Second Line Regimens
Authors: Ahmadpour Sajjad , Khodadadi Javad , Hormati Ahmad , Rezaei Zeynab , Sivandzadeh Gholam Reza , Saeidi Mohammad , Jafari Elham , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Infection-related to Helicobacter pylori (HP) is one of the most common human
bacterial infections, affecting about 50% of the human population. This bacterium causes chronic inflammation
and eventually mucosal gastric metaplasia. Antibiotics are commonly used to eradicate Helicobacter
pylori infection. Presumably, statins could increase the effectiveness of anti-HP regimens because
of some anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties attributed to these anti-lipidemic agents.

Methods:
Two hundred patients with both gastrointestinal symptoms and positive urease test were included.
Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups with 100 cases. One group received
pantoprazole 40 mg, twice per day (BD) + atorvastatin 40 mg, daily + bismuth subcitrate 240 mg, BD
+ Amoxicillin 1 g, BD + Levofloxacin 500 mg, daily and the other one received pantoprazole 40 mg
BD + atorvastatin 40 mg, daily + bismuth subcitrate 240 mg, BD + Amoxicillin 1 g, BD + Clarithromycin
(Fromilid) 500 mg, BD for two weeks. A stool antigen test for HP was performed one month
after drug treatment ended, and the results were compared.

Results:
According to our findings, eradication of HP infection in both groups was 87%, and there was
no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p-value = 1).

Conclusion:
The current study highlighted that adding atorvastatin to the first line anti-HP infection
regimen could increase the potency and efficacy of the regimen to that of second-line regimen. Moreover,
the addition of atorvastatin to the second line regimen did not bear any beneficial effect.

Trial registration number:
The Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences approved the
study protocol (ethical code: IR.MUQ.REC.1399.082); the study was also registered in the Iranian Registry
of Clinical Trials (No. IRCT20200929048884N1). This study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.
Synergism Effect of Dendrobine on Cisplatin in Treatment of H1299 by Modulating
the Balance of Treg/Th17
Authors: Hou Peifeng , Luo Yang , Liu Gaohua 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of lung cancers. Cisplatin is a
broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug and is often used in combination with other drugs. Research suggests that dendrobine,
a pyrrolizidine derivative alkaloid, exhibits antitumor activity in various cancers. This study explores the effect of
dendrobine combined with cisplatin on NSCLC and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods:
The effects of dendrobine combined with cisplatin on tumor progression were evaluated by xenograft model
(in vivo) and clonogenic survival assay (in vitro) using H1299 cell line. Annexin V staining was used for detecting
apoptotic cells. The population of T cells, B cells and other subpopulations in the peripheral blood was determined by
flow cytometry.

Results:
Dendrobine combined with cisplatin prolonged the survival of mice implanted with H1299 cells and reduced
tumor volume compared with single drug application. However, dendrobine exhibited no effect on H1299 cells in
clonal survival assays with or without cisplatin treatment and did not promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro.
Importantly, dendrobine suppressed the regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and enhanced the T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells).
Treatment of dendrobine significantly reduced Foxp3, and increased the level of IL-17 in serum.

Conclusion:
Dendrobine displayed a synergistic effect with cisplatin to exert anti-tumor effect in vivo, which might be
achieved by modulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells rather than regulating cell apoptosis.
Epidemiological Study of COVID-19 in Iran and the World: A Review Study
Authors: Ansari Nasges , Shokri Samira , Pirhadi Mohadeseh , Abbaszadeh Saber , Manouchehri Aliasghar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Covid-19 is a new virus of the Coronaviridae family that is now spreading worldwide. Therefore, disseminating information about patients with the virus can help identify the virus, pathogenesis, and find treatments. The current study aimed to review the new coronavirus (Covid-19). To reach this aim, we searched keywords containing Covid-19, coronavirus, respiratory infection, epidemiology in Pub Med, Web of Science Direct, Scopus, Scientific Information Databases, and Google scholar. The results of our study led to the achievement of articles on the study of Covid-19. Based on the results of the study, Covid-19 is a global transmitter with rapid transmission power for which no specific drug has yet been found to treat it. The rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus, the relationship between disease severity and mortality with various factors, respiratory transmission, especially in the short distance, masks, hand washing, and physical distance observance as the most important way to prevent, diversify clinical symptoms and at the same time fever and cough as the most common clinical symptoms, treatment with non-specific antiviral drugs and treatment based on controlling clinical symptoms and strengthening immunity with known drugs, paying attention to children as asymptomatic carriers, and pretentious pregnancy in the event of Covid-19 are the most important findings of this study. The case fatality rate of Covid-19 has varied from 0.08% to 10.8% in the world, but fortunately, the number of patients who have recovered is very promising and more than 66 million people have recovered. There is still no effective drug or vaccine to prevent the disease and investigation in this field is ongoing. The only way to prevent and control the disease is adherence to the health protocols. Due to the need of the medical community to achieve the scientific results of this epidemic in Iran and other parts of the world, this article was written.
Patients’ Sense of Security in Shahroud (Northeast Iran) Hospitals
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Khosravi Ahmad , Raei Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Sense of security is a psychosocial phenomenon that can impact the satisfaction and health of individuals. This study aimed to determine the factors that can affect the patient's sense of security.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 800 patients from governmental and nongovernmental hospitals were randomly selected in 2018 using an 84-item questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean score obtained in dimensions of provided services was 41.63±9.95, psychological factors 27.44±5.68, financial factors 13.23±4.06 discipline factors 13.62±4.10, provided clinical services 87.11±16.81, and hoteling factors 74.64±16.79. Overall scores categorization showed 18(2.2), 144(18.0), and 638(79.8%) had a poor, moderate, and good sense of security, respectively. Chi-square test showed a significant association between patients' sense of security levels and the type of hospitals (P = 0.001). The overall satisfaction score for patients was 22.23±5.79. There was a significant relationship between patients’ satisfaction and their sense of security. In the final model, the medical and hoteling factors had the greatest impact on patients’ sense of security.

Conclusion:
Regarding the mutual effect of the sense of security and patients’ satisfaction and noticing that more than 20% of the patients had moderate and low levels of sense of security, paying more attention to hoteling factors and providing more insurance protection to the low-income strata can play a major role in improving patients’ sense of security.
MicroRNA-Based Biomarkers in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances
and Potential Applications
Authors: Shanehbandi Dariush , Asadi Milad , Seyedrezazadeh Ensiyeh , Zafari Venus , Shekari Najibeh , Akbari Mortaza , Rahbarnia Leila , Zarredar Habib 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs
(ncRNAs) that post-transcriptionally control the expression of genes by binding and
degrading their target mRNAs. miRNAs can function as possible tumor suppressors or
oncogenes in various cancers. Lately, miRNAs application as a biomarker (prognosis
and diagnosis) for different diseases has gained much attention. miRNAs exist in a
stable form in several biological materials, including tissue, plasma, and serum. The
noninvasive and easy screening of miRNAs in serum, blood, tissue, and other body
fluids and acceptable stability make microRNA a noticeable factor as biomarkers in
human malignancies.

Material and Methods:
In this review, we searched some online databases like Web
of Science, Embase, and PubMed to find eligible manuscripts up to the end of 2021.

Results:
Abnormal expressions of these molecules are associated with the incidence of
many illnesses like cancer. Therefore, they are candidates as a molecular tool for
noninvasive tumor prognosis and diagnosis. In the current study, we introduce important
miRNAs that may be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers in lung cancer patients.

Conclusion:
We summarized the latest reports about critical miRNAs related to the
diagnosis and prognosis in lung patients.
Comparison of Aspirin and P2Y12 Inhibitors for Secondary Prevention of
Ischaemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Niu Xiaoyuan , Zhang Kaili , Wang Yongle , Liu Tingting 
Published: May 2022

Background:
P2Y12 inhibitors have been widely used as an alternative to aspirin in clinical
practice for secondary stroke prevention. We aimed to compare the efficiency and safety of P2Y12 inhibitors
and aspirin for stroke prevention in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
(TIA).

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. All
randomized trials that compared P2Y12 inhibitors with aspirin among patients with stroke were included.
The primary efficacy outcomes of our meta-analysis included stroke, vascular events, and all-cause
death. The primary safety outcome was minor or major bleeding events.

Results:
The search identified 4 randomized clinical trials comparing P2Y12 inhibitors with aspirin for
secondary stroke prevention that collectively enrolled 24508 patients (12253 received P2Y12 inhibitor
and 12255 received aspirin). Pooled results from the random-effects model showed that there were no
significant differences in the risk of any stroke (OR 0.90 (0.78-1.04); I²=56.9%), vascular event (OR
0.91 (0.74-1.13); I²=78.3%), all-cause death (OR 0.98 (0.83-1.17); I²=0%), or minor or major bleeding
(OR 1.13 (0.70-1.82); I²=79%) among patients who received a P2Y12 inhibitor or aspirin. P2Y12 inhibitors
were associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke (OR 0.84 (0.73-
0.96); I²=25%) than aspirin.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis suggests that P2Y12 inhibitors are more effective than aspirin in preventing
recurrent ischaemic stroke among ischaemic stroke patients despite the absence of any effect
on a new ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, a new clinical vascular event, all-cause death, and major
or minor bleeding events.
Digital Interventions for Emotion Regulation in Children and Early Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Reynard Sally , Dias Joao , Mitic Marija , Schrank Beate , Woodcock Kate Anne 
Published: May 2022

Background
Difficulties in emotion regulation are common in adolescence and are associated with poor social and mental health outcomes. However, psychological therapies that promote adaptive emotion regulation may be inaccessible and unattractive to youth. Digital interventions may help address this need.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence on the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of emotion regulation digital interventions in children and early adolescents aged 8 to 14 years.

Methods
Systematic searches of Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Centre, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore up to July 2020 identified 39 studies, of which 11 (28%) were included in the meta-analyses (n=2476 participants). A bespoke tool was used to assess risk of bias.

Results
The studies evaluated digital games (27/39, 69%), biofeedback (4/39, 10%), virtual or augmented reality (4/39, 10%), and program or multimedia (4/39, 10%) digital interventions in samples classified as diagnosed, at risk, healthy, and universal. The most consistent evidence came from digital games, which reduced negative emotional experience with a small significant effect, largely in youth at risk of anxiety (Hedges g=–0.19, 95% CI –0.34 to –0.04). In general, digital interventions tended to improve emotion regulation, but this effect was not significant (Hedges g=0.19, 95% CI –0.16 to 0.54).

Conclusions
Most feasibility issues were identified in diagnosed youth, and acceptability was generally high across intervention types and samples. Although there is cause to be optimistic about digital interventions supporting the difficulties that youth experience in emotion regulation, the predominance of early-stage development studies highlights the need for more work in this area.