bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The flat and step (F and S) pontics. Novel pontic designs for periodontally reconstructed sites
Authors: Gomez‐Meda Ramon , Esquivel Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveFixed dental prostheses are a predictable treatment option to replace missing teeth. A periodontal‐prosthodontic approach to rehabilitating those areas ensures a predictable way to achieve the desired esthetic and functional results. This is especially important in cases with high esthetic demand. An ideal esthetic result can be achieved by soft tissue overcorrection through periodontal procedures, which reduce the number of conditioning appointments of the pontic sites.Many pontic designs have been described to enhance the appearance of the restored sites. The flat (F) and step (S) pontic designs are a modification of classic pontic approaches. These designs contact the mucosa in a wide area of a previously reconstructed ridge without exerting excessive pressure, reducing the possibility of inflammation, ulceration, and facilitating cleaning. This periodontal‐prosthodontic procedure aims to achieve functional and esthetic prosthodontic results in a predictable manner.Clinical ConsiderationsUnderstanding which pontic design is recommended in different clinical situations is key for a successful outcome. The F and S pontic designs are recommended to be used in a ridge with optimal soft tissue volume after periodontal reconstruction. The suggested designs provide the clinician with a solution to different clinical scenarios after the periodontal augmentation of the pontic site has been done.ConclusionsThe presented pontic designs are indicated in ridges where a previous soft tissue preservation or reconstruction procedure has been done to achieve an optimal soft tissue volume. Modifications to the designs can be done in the interim stage which is later replicated into the final restoration.Clinical SignificanceThe combination of periodontal and prosthodontic techniques help to predictably achieve a natural looking pontic emergence profile.
Dense granule biogenesis, secretion, and function in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Griffith Michael B. , Pearce Camille S. , Heaslip Aoife T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and the causative agent of Toxoplasmosis. A key to understanding and treating the disease lies with determining how the parasite can survive and replicate within cells of its host. Proteins released from specialized secretory vesicles, named the dense granules (DGs), have diverse functions that are critical for adapting the intracellular environment, and are thus key to survival and pathogenicity. In this review, we describe the current understanding and outstanding questions regarding dense granule biogenesis, trafficking, and regulation of secretion. In addition, we provide an overview of dense granule protein (“GRA”) function upon secretion, with a focus on proteins that have recently been identified.
Citizen science as a tool for understanding the silent dispersion of toadfish Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean, 1880)
Authors: Carvalho Barbara Maichak de , Freitas Matheus O. , Tomás Acácio R. G. , Caires Rodrigo , Charvet Patricia , Vitule Jean 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCitizen science is an excellent tool in studies of the spatial distribution of non‐native species. In Brazil, Opsanus beta has recently been introduced. Studies indicate the occurrence of this species in five estuaries off the Brazilian coast (Guanabara Bay, Sepetiba Bay, Santos Bay, Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and Guaratuba Bay). The present study aims to understand the dispersion of this species on the Brazilian coast through citizen science. Between January and May 2021, information about O. beta was weekly posted in 32 recreational fishing Facebook groups. Sixty‐five fishers reported catches of O. beta in estuaries (Guanabara Bay, Sepetiba Bay, Santos Bay and Paranaguá Estuarine Complex). In addition, there were reports from other shallow areas outside adjacent estuaries (Bertioga and Peruíbe, in Sao Paulo State) and the first occurrence record for Laguna (Santa Catarina State), a southern estuarine zone (28° 29′ 45″ S to 48° 45′ 36″ W). In four estuaries along the Brazilian coast where O. beta was recorded, there are internal ports that trade with countries from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (species original range), indicating ballast water as a possible introduction route. In Laguna, the introduction may have occurred by maritime cabotage services. The reproductive capacity, the aquarists' interest, the absence of introduction policies aimed at this species and the cabotage fleet transportation may be factors that help further extend the dispersal of O. beta on the Brazilian coast.
Material system analysis: A novel multilayer system approach to correlate EU flows and stocks of Li‐ion batteries and their raw materials
Authors: Matos Cristina T. , Mathieux Fabrice , Ciacci Luca , Lundhaug Maren Cathrine , León María Fernanda Godoy , Müller Daniel Beat , Dewulf Jo , Georgitzikis Konstantinos , Huisman Jaco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) will play a crucial role in achieving decarbonization and reducing greenhouse gases. If the EU wants to be competitive in the global market of LIBs, it has to ensure a sustainable and secure supply of the raw materials needed for the manufacturing of these batteries. Limited understanding of how the battery material cycles are linked with raw materials supply chains may hinder policy measures targeting the set‐up of a domestic supply chain in the EU since no precise information on where to intervene will be available. The novelty of this work lies in a multilayer system approach developed to reveal interlinkages between the flows of five raw materials contained in LIBs (cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, and nickel) in the EU. This was achieved by aligning material system analysis datasets of raw materials contained in LIBs with datasets on stocks and flows of this type of batteries in the EU. The results demonstrate the EU's strong import dependency on LIBs and battery raw materials. The EU recycling of lithium and natural graphite is low/nonexistent hindering the sustainable supply of these materials. The results also show that the majority of battery materials are increasingly accumulated in use or hoarding stocks. The proposed approach is designed to help identify bottlenecks and possible solutions to increase the efficiency of the EU LIB system, which could go unnoticed if each material supply chain were examined individually. This study also highlights how the lessons learned can support EU resource‐management policies.
Eco‐labeling of freight transport services: Design, evaluation, and research directions
Authors: Kirschstein Thomas , Heinold Arne , Behnke Martin , Meisel Frank , Bierwirth Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe idea of eco‐labeling is to provide customers with an easy‐to‐understand signal regarding the ecological impact of using a product or service. With this paper, we propose an eco‐labeling system for freight transportation. We discuss design options based on a common emission reporting standard and a related communication protocol. We further explain a procedure for deriving labels for shipments of goods and provide examples illustrating and evaluating the labeling process at selected land‐based freight transport services. Results indicate that eco‐labels can grade the environmental impact of a transport service reliably, even if heterogeneous goods are moved together. Finally, we outline challenges for future research associated with eco‐labeling in freight transportation markets.
Anatomical variation of the aorta in the West of Scotland – A population with high cardiovascular disease burden. Implications for stent design and deployment
Authors: Allardyce Hazel , Shepherd Ellis , Bailey Emma L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prevalence and complexity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the West of Scotland are high with the aortic arch and abdominal aorta, particularly at increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. Stent deployment can be key in preventing further cardiovascular events, however, current stent design does not account for complex advanced CVD in these areas. This cadaveric study aimed to provide anatomical measurements requested by manufacturers to improve stent design and deployment in this target population. Nine cadavers (six females and three males; age range = 82.7 ± 10.4 years) from the West of Scotland were dissected to expose the aortic arch and abdominal aorta. Digital callipers and protractors were used to collect data on vessel diameters (including taper), branch spacing, angles and presence of collaterals. CVD was present in all cadavers and ranged from mild plaque presence to aortic dissections. One possessed a bovine aortic arch variation. Supra‐aortic vessels were approximately equally spaced, but the left common carotid had the most acute branching angle. Angulation of the arch from the coronal plane positively correlated with a deviation of the left subclavian artery (LSA) from the sternal midline (Spearman's coefficient r = 0.82, p = 0.01) which may impact surgical access. The origin of the vertebral artery on the LSA was also highly variable. The diameter of the descending aorta decreased along its length from the aortic hiatus to superior mesenteric by 21 ± 10% indicating a high degree of taper. The artery of Adamkiewicz was present in 33% and additional renal collaterals were present in 22%. 66% had tortuous vessels in the abdominal region. These results highlight the need for more data to aid the refinement of stent‐graft design and deployment methods to ensure successful surgical intervention in this population.
Effect of A. polygama APEE (Actinidia polygama ethanol extract) or APWE (Actinidia polygama water extract) on wrinkle formation in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice
Authors: Kim Yu‐jin , Lee Jung Ok , Kim Su‐Young , Lee Jung Min , Lee Esther , Na Jungtae , Yoo Kwang‐Ho , Park Su‐Jin , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundActinidia polygama (silver vine) is considered a medical plant which has been used in oriental medicine. It has been used for the treatment of pain, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation. Few studies reported on the effect of Actinidia polygama (silver vine) on skin photoaging.ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐photoaging effect of the ethanol and water extracts of A. polygama (APEE and APWE, respectively) in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice.MethodsSKH‐1 hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (30–60 mJ/cm2), following orally APEE or APWE oral administration for 10 weeks. We examined the effect on winkle improvement by a measuring Fullscope, PRIMOS, Craniometer, and Cutometer. Furthermore, we analyzed histological changes in mouse dorsal skin through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) was analyzed by immunoblotting.ResultsOral administration of APEE or APWE at 100 or 200 mg/kg in UVB‐irradiated mice alleviated the symptoms of skin aging, such as wrinkling, epidermal hyperplasia, and water loss. In addition, the APEE or APWE oral administration increased skin elasticity by enhancing the production of type I collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) expression.ConclusionBased on results for our study, APEE or APWE could protect the UVB‐mediated skin wrinkle and is new target for the developing anti‐wrinkle cosmetics.
“I've been to more of my friends’ funerals than I've been to my friends’ weddings”: Witnessing and responding to overdose in rural Northern New England
Authors: Nolte Kerry , Romo Eric , Stopka Thomas J. , Drew Aurora , Dowd Patrick , Del Toro‐Mejias Lizbeth , Bianchet Elyse , Friedmann Peter D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeOverdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information about local context. Witnessing overdoses may also be an important consideration in providing services to PWUDs, as it contributes to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which complicate substance use disorder treatment.MethodsWe aim to estimate the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to an overdose, while exploring overdose context among rural PWUD. The Drug Injection Surveillance and Care Enhancement for Rural Northern New England (DISCERNNE) mixed‐methods study characterized substance use and risk behaviors in 11 rural Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire counties between 2018 and 2019. PWUD completed surveys (n = 589) and in‐depth interviews (n = 22).FindingsAmong the survey participants, 84% had ever witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable PTSD symptoms. Overall, 51% had ever called 911 for an overdose, though some experienced criminal legal system consequences despite GSL. Although naloxone access varied, 43% had ever used naloxone to reverse an overdose.ConclusionsPWUD in Northern New England commonly witnessed an overdose, which they experienced as traumatic. Participants were willing to respond to overdoses, but faced barriers to effective overdose response, including limited naloxone access and criminal legal system consequences. Equipping PWUDs with effective overdose response tools (education and naloxone) and enacting policies that further protect PWUDs from criminal legal system consequences could reduce overdose mortality.
Assessing the Degree of Ecological Validity of Your Study: Introducing the Multidimensional Assessment of Research in Context (MARC) Tool
Authors: Naumann Sandra , Byrne Michelle L. , de la Fuente Alethia , Harrewijn Anita , Nugiel Tehila , Rosen Maya , van Atteveldt Nienke , Matusz Pawel J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn cognitive neurosciences, fundamental principles of mental processes and functional brain organization have been established with highly controlled tasks and testing environments. Recent technical advances allowed the investigation of these functions and their brain mechanisms in naturalistic settings. The diversity in those approaches have been recently (Matusz, P. J., Dikker, S., Huth, A. G., & Perrodin, C. (2019). Are we ready for real‐world neuroscience? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31(3), 327–338. doi:10.1162/jocn_e_01276) classified via a three‐category cycle, including controlled laboratory, partially naturalistic laboratory, and naturalistic real‐world research. Based on this model, we developed the Multidimensional Assessment of Research in Context (MARC) tool to easily delineate the approach researchers have taken in their study. MARC provides means to describe the degree of ecological validity for each component of a study (e.g., sample, stimuli, measures, etc.), and the study's location on the cycle. The tool comprises seven questions concerning a study's characteristics. It outputs a summary of those and a compass plot, which can be used for presentations, preregistration, grant proposals, and papers. It aims to improve drawing conclusions across studies and raise awareness about the generalizability of research findings.
Isotopic (δ15N and δ13C) profiles in dentine indicate sex differences and individual variability in resource use among narwhals (Monodon monoceros)
Authors: Zhao Shu‐Ting , Davoren Gail K. , Matthews Cory J. D. , Ferguson Steven H. , Watt Cortney A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the impact of ecological changes on Arctic marine mammals remains largely unknown, quantifying variability in resource use among conspecifics can serve as an indication of adaptive plasticity and help assess species vulnerability to climate‐induced changes. We measured within‐tooth δ15N and δ13C profiles of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) sampled 35 years apart from Baffin Bay, Nunavut, Canada, to evaluate intrapopulation variation in narwhal resource use. Narwhal dentine δ15N and δ13C were lower post‐1983 (n = 7) by 0.83‰ and 0.52‰, respectively, compared to pre‐1983 (n = 13), but isotopic niche breadth increased from 0.95‰2 to 1.12‰2. Between sexes, the isotopic niche of males expanded from pre‐1983 to post‐1983 while that of females decreased, which may indicate increased flexibility in resource use for males and the opposite for females. Additional isotopic variation among narwhals (n = 23) suggests individual differences in diet composition and/or foraging location during both periods. Individual isotopic niches ranged between 0.08‰2 and 2.27‰2, where a larger isotopic niche likely indicates more variable foraging strategies over time. Narwhal as a species is considered vulnerable to ecosystem change; however, the variability in resource use between sexes and among individuals suggests narwhals may vary in their adaptability to changing Arctic conditions.
Multiple cranial neuropathies secondary to adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Kano Yuya , Yamada Kentaro , Muto Masahiro , Inaguma Shingo , Yoshida Mari , Kitamura Taro , Miura Toshiyasu , Nakanishi Hiroki , Mori Yusuke , Murakami Shingo , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple cranial neuropathies in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are rare. We present a patient with a 4‐year history of right peripheral facial nerve palsy, who presented with right mandibular, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve impairments. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed enlargement and contrast enhancement of each cranial nerve and atrophy and abnormal contrast enhancement of the right parotid gland. A parotid gland biopsy led to the diagnosis of ACC. In this case, brain MRI enabled evaluation of the tumor progression pathway invading the cranial nerves. Its results suggested that tumor cells can travel through the cranial nerve anastomotic network, shedding light on the development pattern of tumor cells. It is important to consider the possibility of nerve invasion by ACC as a cause of slowly progressive multiple cranial neuropathies.
Do Radiographic Results of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Vary with Cage Position in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Diseases?
Authors: Ding Qing , Tang Xiangyu , Zhang Ruizhuo , Wu Hua , Liu Chaoxu 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the radiographic results are affected by cage position in single‐level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).MethodBetween January 2016 and June 2018, 130 patients (62 males and 68 females, average age: 55.28 ± 10.11 years) who underwent single‐level TLIF were analyzed retrospectively. Standing lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were collected and evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the time of last follow‐up. Cage position in the fused segment was recorded using a central point ratio (CPR), which indicated the cage position. CPR is calculated by dividing the distance between the cage center point and the posterior extent of the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra by the length of the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra. Based on cage positions, the patients were divided into three groups: Anterior Group (n = 38); Middle Group (n = 68); and Posterior Group (n = 24). Segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL), foraminal height (FH), posterior disc height (PDH), and anterior disc height (ADH) were evaluated. A subanalysis was also performed on cage height within each group.ResultsThe average follow‐up time of the patients was 35.20 ± 4.43 months. The mean values of CPR in Anterior Group, Middle Group, and Posterior Group were 0.64, 0.51, and 0.37, respectively. The FH, PDH, and ADH were significantly increased after TLIF in all groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in increase of SLL in Anterior Group (4.4°) and Middle Group (3.0°), but not in Posterior Group (0.3°). Furthermore, in the comparison of the three groups, the increase of SLL, FH, and PDH was statistically different (P < 0.05), while not for ADH (P > 0.05). The significant correlations in surgery were: CPR and ΔSLL (r = 0.584, P < 0.001), CPR and ΔFH (r = −0.411, P < 0.001), and CPR and ΔPDH (r = −0.457, P < 0.001). However, ADH had a positive correlation with cage height when the cage was located in anterior and middle of the endplate. Moreover, cage height had a positive correlation with SLL when the cage was located anteriorly and had a negative correlation with SLL when the cage was located posteriorly. FH and PDH both had a positive correlation with cage height in any cage position.ConclusionThe cage located in different positions has different effects on radiographic results in single‐level TLIF. A thicker cage located anteriorly will gain maximum SLL and avoid the reduction of FH and PDH.
Disparities in telemedicine use during the COVID‐19 pandemic among pediatric dermatology patients
Authors: Duan Grace Y. , Ruiz De Luzuriaga Arlene M. , Schroedl Liesl M. , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated rapid implementation of telemedicine at medical centers across the United States. As telemedicine is expected to persist beyond the pandemic in subspecialties like pediatric dermatology, there is growing concern that socioeconomic factors may contribute to inequitable telemedicine access. This study aims to identify factors associated with disparities in telemedicine use among pediatric dermatology patients during the pandemic.MethodsIn this single‐center cross‐sectional study, patients less than 18 years old who completed a visit with a pediatric dermatologist via a video telemedicine call or in‐person office visit during the specified time periods were included. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to compare demographic factors for (1) patients who had a telemedicine visit versus office visit during June 1, 2020, to January 22, 2021, and (2) patients who had either visit type during June 1, 2020, to January 22, 2021, versus June 1, 2019, to January 2020.ResultsThe independent factors associated with lower odds of telemedicine include identifying as Black/African American, having a non‐English preferred language, and having public insurance, whereas the independent factors reducing overall access to pediatric dermatology care during the pandemic include identifying as Hispanic/Latino and having public insurance.ConclusionsDifferential telemedicine use in vulnerable communities may be attributed to disparities in technology access and digital literacy and should be addressed at a structural level. If such disparities are identified and adequately remedied, telemedicine can serve as an important tool for expanding access in the field of pediatric dermatology.