bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemischer Pruritus: Was gibt es Neues in Diagnostik und Therapie?
Authors: Brand M. , Kremer A. E. 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chronischer Pruritus ist ein häufiges Symptom zahlreicher internistischer Erkrankungen. Insbesondere sind Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, hepatobiliären Erkrankungen und myeloproliferativen Neoplasien betroffen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen Überblick über die laborchemische und bildgebende Diagnostik sowie aktuelle und neuartige Therapieansätze des Pruritus systemischer Erkrankungen geben.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine ausführliche PubMed-Recherche.

Ergebnisse
Zur Abklärung des chronischen Pruritus wird eine Stufendiagnostik empfohlen, die sich an der Häufigkeit der mit Pruritus assoziierten Erkrankungen orientiert. Eine Basisdiagnostik ermöglicht dabei eine kostengünstige und gezielte Abklärung auf hausärztlicher Ebene. Aktuelle topische und medikamentöse Therapieempfehlungen des Pruritus bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz, hepatobiliären Erkrankungen und myeloproliferativen Neoplasien sowie selteneren Ursachen wurden übersichtlich zusammengefasst. Daneben werden neuartige Therapieansätze wie der κ‑Opioidrezeptor-Agonist Difelikefalin, Bezafibrat, Inhibitoren des „ileal bile acid transporter“ (IBAT) und des JAK(Januskinase)-STAT(„signal transducers and activators of transcription“)-Signalweges aufgezeigt.

Diskussion
Chronischer Pruritus bei systemischen Erkrankungen kann eine diagnostische Herausforderung darstellen. Eine Stufendiagnostik erleichtert die Identifikation der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung. Ein verbessertes pathophysiologisches Verständnis hat zu ersten zugelassenen Therapieoptionen bei „chronic kidney disease“-assoziiertem und hepatischem Pruritus geführt.
Stochastic frontier estimation through parametric modelling of quantile regression coefficients
Authors: Fusco E. , Benedetti R. , Vidoli F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStochastic frontiers are a very popular tool used to compare production units in terms of efficiency. The parameters of this class of models are usually estimated through the use of the classic maximum likelihood method even, in the last years, some authors suggested to conceive and estimate the productive frontier within the quantile regression framework. The main advantages of the quantile approach lie in the weaker assumptions about data distribution and in the greater robustness to the presence of outliers respect to the maximum likelihood approach. However, empirical evidence and theoretical contributions have highlighted that the quantile regression applied to the tails of the conditional distribution, namely the frontiers, suffers from instability in estimates and needs specific tools and approaches. To avoid this limitation, we propose to model the parameters of the stochastic frontier as a function of the quantile in order to smooth its trend and, consequently, reduce its instability. The approach has been illustrated using real data and simulated experiments confirming the good robustness and efficiency properties of the proposed method.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Biologic Valved Conduits Used in Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Lewis Michael J. , Malm Torsten , Hallbergson Anna , Nilsson Fredrik , Ramgren Jens Johansson , Tran Kiet , Liuba Petru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractValved conduit reconstruction between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary circulation is often necessary in the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of the three types of conduits we have used and assess risk factors for conduit failure. Retrospective, single-center review of 455 consecutive pediatric patients with 625 conduits from 1990 to 2019 undergoing RV-to-pulmonary artery (PA) reconstruction with a valved conduit. The three conduit types investigated were pulmonary homograft, aorta homograft, and bovine jugular vein (BJV) graft. Overall patient survival was 91.4%, freedom from conduit replacement (FCR) was 47.4%, and freedom from reintervention (FFR) was 37.8% with a median follow-up of 8.7 years (interquartile range 4.3–13.3 years). For pulmonary homografts, 10-, 20-, and 28-year FCR was 79.6%, 68.6%, and 66.0%, respectively. For aortic homografts, 10-, 20-, and 30-year FCR was 49.8%, 31.5%, and 23.0%, respectively. For BJV grafts, 10- and 19-year FCR was 68.1% and 46.0%, respectively. When controlling for baseline variables, FCR was similar for pulmonary homografts and BJV grafts. Overall patient survival was excellent. Risk factors for conduit failure in patients operated with reconstruction of the RV-PA outflow tract included low age, low weight, small conduit size, and certain cardiac diagnoses. There was no evidence for a shorter life span of the second graft. Pulmonary homografts and BJV grafts performed similarly but the risk of endocarditis was greater in the BJV group.
Can Checklists Solve Our Ward Round Woes? A Systematic Review
Authors: Treloar Ellie C. , Ting Ying Yang , Kovoor Joshua G. , Ey Jesse D. , Reid Jessica L. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and thorough surgical ward round documentation is crucial for maintaining quality clinical care. Accordingly, checklists have been proposed to improve ward round documentation. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the literature investigating the use of checklists to improve surgical ward round documentation.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched on August 16, 2021. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. We included English studies that investigated the use of checklists during ward rounds in various surgical subspecialties compared to routine care, where the rates of documentation were reported as outcomes. We excluded studies that used checklists in outpatient, non‐surgical, or pediatric settings. Due to heterogeneity of outcome measures, meta‐analysis was precluded. This study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021273735) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) reporting guidelines.ResultsA total of 206 studies were identified, only 9 were suitable for inclusion. All included studies were single‐center observational studies, spanning across seven surgical specialties. Rates of documentation on 4–23 parameters were reported. Documentation for all measured outcomes improved in 8/9 studies; however, statistical analyses were not included. There was a high risk of bias due to the nature of observational studies.ConclusionWard round checklists can serve as a useful tool to improve inpatient care and safety. Currently, there is no high‐level evidence showing the effectiveness of checklists on ward round documentation. The synthesis of results indicates that further high‐quality research is imperative.
Prospective dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with trajectories of fatty liver disease: an 8 year follow-up study from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Wan Fuzhen , Pan Feng , Ayonrinde Oyekoya , Adams Leon A. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Olynyk John K. , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Dietary fat intake has long been associated with fatty liver. Our study aimed to determine the effect of dietary fats on longitudinal fatty liver index (FLI) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood.

Methods
Nine hundred eighty-five participants in the Raine Study, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, had cross-sectional assessments at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 years, during which anthropometric measurements and blood tests were obtained. FLI trajectories were derived from the longitudinal FLI results. Dietary fat intake was measured with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 14 years and log multinominal regression analyses were used to estimate relative risks.

Results
Three FLI trajectories were identified and labelled as stable-low (79.1%, N = 782), low-to-high (13.9%, N = 132), and stable-high (7%, N = 71). The low-to-high group associated with an increased intake of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA, DPA and DHA (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.48) relative to the stable-low group. Compared to the stable-low group, omega-6 and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the stable-high group were associated with an increased relative risk of 1.34 (95% CI 1.02–1.76) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.03–1.16), respectively.

Conclusion
For those at high risk of fatty liver in early adolescence, high omega-6 fatty acid intake and a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids are associated with increased risk of fatty liver. There should be caution in assuming these associations are causal due to possible undetected and underestimated confounding factors.
Adequacy of calcium and vitamin D nutritional status in a nationally representative sample of Irish teenagers aged 13–18 years
Authors: Cashman Kevin D. , Kehoe Laura , Kearney John , McNulty Breige , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Context and purpose
In light of the key roles of vitamin D and calcium in adolescent bone health, there is a critical need for representative data on nutritional status for both micronutrients in teenagers. The present work used data from the recent representative National Teens’ Food Survey II (2019–2020) to assess calcium and vitamin D intakes of teenagers in Ireland, including adequacy of such intakes, as well as, for the first time, to characterise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and their determinants.

Methods
Usual calcium and vitamin D intake estimates were generated using food intake data (via 4-day weighed food records) from a nationally representative sample of teenagers aged 13–18 years in Ireland (n 428). Serum 25(OH)D was measured (via LC–MS/MS) in the 57.5% (n 246) who provided a blood sample.

Results
Sixty-seven and 94% of Irish teenagers had intakes of calcium and vitamin D below the respective Estimated Average Requirements values, reflecting a high degree of inadequacy of intake for both micronutrients (and higher in girls than boys; P < 0.001). In addition, 21.7% and 33.1% of teenagers had serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L (risk of vitamin D deficiency) and 30–49.9 nmol/L (inadequacy), respectively. Extended winter sampling, being aged 16–18 years, low total vitamin D intake, being overweight/obese or being of non-white skin type were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L.

Conclusions
There was a high prevalence of inadequacy of intake of calcium and vitamin D in Irish teenagers, and a fifth were at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Loss of LAMP5 interneurons drives neuronal network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Deng Yuanyuan , Bi Mian , Delerue Fabien , Forrest Shelley L. , Chan Gabriella , van der Hoven Julia , van Hummel Annika , Feiten Astrid F. , Lee Seojin , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , Karl Tim , Kovacs Gabor G. , Morahan Grant , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Lars M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposits in the brain, hyperexcitation of neuronal networks is an underlying disease mechanism, but its cause remains unclear. Here, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) forward genetics mouse platform to identify modifier genes of neuronal hyperexcitation. We found LAMP5 as a novel regulator of hyperexcitation in mice, critical for the survival of distinct interneuron populations. Interestingly, synaptic LAMP5 was lost in AD brains and LAMP5 interneurons degenerated in different AD mouse models. Genetic reduction of LAMP5 augmented functional deficits and neuronal network hypersynchronicity in both Aβ- and tau-driven AD mouse models. To this end, our work defines the first specific function of LAMP5 interneurons in neuronal network hyperexcitation in AD and dementia with tau pathology.
Abuse and revictimization in adulthood in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study during pregnancy
Authors: Eid Karine , Torkildsen Øivind , Aarseth Jan , Celius Elisabeth G. , Cortese Marianna , Holmøy Trygve , Kapali Akash , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Torkildsen Cecilie F. , Wergeland Stig , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte-Helene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Knowledge concerning exposure to abuse in adulthood and in pregnancy in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is sparse.

Objective
To determine the occurrence of adult abuse and abuse in relation to pregnancy in women with MS and their risk of revictimization (repeated abuse as adults after childhood abuse).

Methods
This cross-sectional study comprised pregnant women from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Information on abuse was acquired through self-completed questionnaires. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
We identified 106 women with MS at enrollment through linkage with national health registries. The reference group consisted of 77,278 women without MS. Twenty-seven women (26%) with MS reported any adult abuse compared to 15,491 women (20%) without MS, aOR 1.33 (0.85–2.09). Twenty-two (21%) women with MS reported systematic emotional abuse compared to 13% without MS, aOR 1.75 (1.08–2.83). Ten women (10%) with MS reported sexual abuse, compared to 6% without MS, aOR 1.72 (0.89–3.33). More women with MS reported rape as an adult, aOR 2.37 (1.02–5.49). Women with MS had higher risk of revictimization as adults, after childhood abuse, aOR 2.23 (1.22–4.10). The risk of abuse during pregnancy or 6 months preceding pregnancy was similar between the groups.

Conclusions
Women with MS had increased occurrence of systematic emotional abuse, rape, and revictimization as adults, compared to women without MS.
Galactose induces formation of cell wall stubs and cell death in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Höftberger Margit , Althammer Martina , Foissner Ilse , Tenhaken Raimund 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Arabidopsis seedlings growing on low concentration of galactose stop regular root growth. Incomplete cell division with cell wall stubs, binuclear and giant cells and lignified root tips are observed.

Abstract
Galactose is a sugar abundant in root cell walls of Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, we found that the germination of Arabidopsis seedlings on galactose containing media causes a strong modification of the root development, as shown by analysing the root with microscopy methods ranging from the bright field over confocal to transmission electron microscopy. At concentrations of about 1 mM, the growth of the primary root stops after a few days though stem cell markers like WOX5 are still expressed. The root tip swells and forms a slightly opaque, partially lignified structure in parts of the cortex and the central cylinder. The formation of the cell plate after mitosis is impaired, often leading to cell wall stubs and binuclear cells. Some cells in the cortex and the central cylinder degenerate, while some rhizodermal and cortical cells increase massively in size. The galactose toxicity phenotype in Arabidopsis depends on the activity of galactokinase and is completely diminished in galactokinase knock-out lines. From the comparison of the galactose toxicity phenotype with those of cytokinesis mutants and plants treated with appropriate inhibitors we speculate that the toxicity syndrome of galactose is caused by interference with intracellular vesicle transport or cell wall biogenesis.
A sequential addition and migration method for generating microstructures of short fibers with prescribed length distribution
Authors: Mehta Alok , Schneider Matti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe an algorithm for generating fiber-filled volume elements for use in computational homogenization schemes. The algorithm permits to prescribe both a length distribution and a fiber-orientation tensor of second order, and composites with industrial filler fraction can be generated. Typically, for short-fiber composites, data on the fiber-length distribution and on the volume-weighted fiber-orientation tensor of second order is available. We consider a model where the fiber orientation and the fiber length distributions are independent, i.e., uncoupled. We discuss the use of closure approximations for this case and report on identifying the describing parameters of the frequently used Weibull distribution for modeling the fiber-length distribution. We discuss how to integrate these procedures in the Sequential Addition and Migration algorithm, developed for fibers of equal length, and work out algorithmic modifications accounting for possibly rather long fibers. We investigate the capabilities of the introduced methodology for industrial short-fiber composites, demonstrating the rather low dispersion of the effective elastic moduli for the generated unit cells.
Heterogeneity of metabolic adaptive capacity affects the prognosis among pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kanda Taishu , Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Fujita Hiroaki , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Goto Shintaro , Tatara Yota , Kijima Hiroshi , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Evolutionary cancer has a supply mechanism to satisfy higher energy demands even in poor-nutrient conditions. Metabolic reprogramming is essential to supply sufficient energy. The relationship between metabolic reprogramming and the clinical course of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the differences in metabolic status among PDAC patients.

Methods
We collected clinical data from 128 cases of resectable PDAC patients undergoing surgery. Sixty-three resected tissues, 15 tissues from the low carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), 38–100 U/mL, and high CA19-9, > 500 U/mL groups, and 33 non-tumor control parts, were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry workflow to systematically explore metabolic status. Clinical and proteomic data were compared on the most used PDAC biomarker, preoperative CA19-9 value.

Results
Higher CA19-9 levels were clearly associated with higher early recurrence (p < 0.001), decreased RFS (p < 0.001), and decreased DSS (p = 0.025). From proteomic analysis, we discovered that cancer evolution-related as well as various metabolism-related pathways were more notable in the high group. Using resected tissue immunohistochemical staining, we learned that high CA19-9 PDAC demonstrated aerobic glycolysis enhancement, yet no decrease in protein synthesis. We found a heterogeneity of various metabolic processes, including carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids, between the low and the high groups, suggesting differences in metabolic adaptive capacity.

Conclusions
Our study found metabolic adaptation differences among PDAC cases, pertaining to both cancer evolution and the prognosis. CA19-9 can help estimate the metabolic adaptive capacity of energy supply for PDAC evolution.
The fractal structure of elliptical polynomial spirals
Authors: Burrell S. A. , Falconer K. J. , Fraser J. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate fractal aspects of elliptical polynomial spirals; that is, planar spirals with differing polynomial rates of decay in the two axis directions. We give a full dimensional analysis of these spirals, computing explicitly their intermediate, box-counting and Assouad-type dimensions. An exciting feature is that these spirals exhibit two phase transitions within the Assouad spectrum, the first natural class of fractals known to have this property. We go on to use this dimensional information to obtain bounds for the Hölder regularity of maps that can deform one spiral into another, generalising the ‘winding problem’ of when spirals are bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a line segment. A novel feature is the use of fractional Brownian motion and dimension profiles to bound the Hölder exponents.
Chasing perception in domestic cats and dogs
Authors: Abdai Judit , Uccheddu Stefania , Gácsi Márta , Miklósi Ádám 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChasing motion is often used to study the perception of inanimate objects as animate. When chasing interaction and independent motions between two agents are displayed simultaneously on a screen, we expect observers to quickly perceive and recognise the chasing pattern (because of its familiarity) and turn their attention to the independent motion (novelty effect). In case of isosceles triangles as moving figures, dogs and humans both display this behaviour, but dogs initially preferred to look at the chasing pattern whereas humans started to increase their gaze towards the independent motion earlier. Here, we compared whether family cats perceive moving inanimate objects as animate and whether their looking behaviour is similar to that of small family dogs. We displayed a chasing and independent motion side by side on a screen in two consecutive trials and assessed subjects’ looking behaviour towards the motions. Similarly to previous studies, we found that dogs eventually looked longer at the independent motion, but cats preferred to look at the independent motion at the beginning of the video display and only later shifted their attention to the chasing motion. No difference was found in the frequency of gaze alternation of the two species. Thus, although cats discriminate between the chasing and independent motions, it is not clear whether this discrimination is controlled by animate motion cues. The difference may originate from their ecological situation and/or may be explained by specific perceptual mechanisms.
Topic-based influential user detection: a survey
Authors: Panchendrarajan Rrubaa , Saxena Akrati 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOnline Social networks have become an easy means of communication for users to share their opinion on various topics, including breaking news, public events, and products. The content posted by a user can influence or affect other users, and the users who could influence or affect a high number of users are called influential users. Identifying such influential users has a wide range of applications in the field of marketing, including product advertisement, recommendation, and brand evaluation. However, the users’ influence varies in different topics, and hence a tremendous interest has been shown towards identifying topic-based influential users over the past few years. Topic-level information in the content posted by the users can be used in various stages of the topic-based influential user detection (IUD) problem, including data gathering, construction of influence network, quantifying the influence between two users, and analyzing the impact of the detected influential user. This has opened up a wide range of opportunities to utilize the existing techniques to model and analyze the topic-level influence in online social networks. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of existing techniques used to infer the topic-based influential users in online social networks. We present a detailed review of these approaches in a taxonomy while highlighting the challenges and limitations associated with each technique. Moreover, we perform a detailed study of different evaluation techniques used in the literature to overcome the challenges that arise in evaluating topic-based IUD approaches. Furthermore, closely related research topics and open research questions in topic-based IUD are discussed to provide a deep understanding of the literature and future directions.