bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms connecting insomnia to hopelessness among Chinese older adults: Serial mediating roles of fatigue and social support
Authors: Chang Qingsong , Lai Dongpeng , Fu Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHopelessness and insomnia remain growing mental health issues worldwide, their relationship has been neglected by international development policies, especially in the countries with rapidly aging population like China. However, there is little conclusive evidence on the mechanisms through which insomnia severity influences hopelessness. Based on previous research regarding the significant associations among fatigue, social support, insomnia and hopelessness, this study aims to investigate the relationship between insomnia and hopelessness as well as how insomnia affects hopelessness through fatigue and social support.MethodsA population‐based data including 946 community‐dwelling older adults extracted from “Elderly Care Household Survey in 2019” in Beijing were used. The age of the participants ranged from 66 to 97 years old, and 53.3% of the respondents were female. Intercorrelations among insomnia, fatigue, social support and hopelessness were examined. Serial multiple mediation models were analyzed by the bootstrapping method to assess whether fatigue and social support serially mediate the relationship between insomnia and hopelessness.ResultsHigher level of insomnia severity (coefficient = 0.0421, p < 0.001), higher level of fatigue (coefficient = 0.0171, p < 0.001), and lower level of social support (coefficient = −0.0320, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher level of hopelessness. Fatigue and social support in serial, mediated the relationship between insomnia and hopelessness (total effect: coefficient = 0.0623, 95% CI [0.0466, 0.0780]; total direct effect: coefficient = 0.0421, 95% CI [0.0262, 0.0581]; total indirect effect: coefficient = 0.0202, 95% CI [0.0147, 0.0272]).ConclusionsImproving sleep quality and eliminating fatigue could effectively alleviate the sense of hopelessness among Chinese older adults. In addition, establishing stronger social support brought by social network from family and friends could confer resilience against the negative effects of despair brought by insomnia. Our findings highlighted the mechanism connecting insomnia to hopelessness, which would inspire the future practice.
Efficacy and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab as induction chemotherapy or in cases of metastases or relapse for head and neck cancer with a focus on elderly or frail patients
Authors: Forman Rebecca , Deshpande Hari , Burtness Barbara , Bhatia Aarti K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPaclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab (PCC) has shown promise as induction chemotherapy and in patients with metastatic/recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC). Given its tolerability, the regimen is used in frail and elderly patients.MethodsSoftware generated the cohort of adult patients with HNC treated with PCC in 2014–2019. Modified RECIST response rate (RR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated for the metastatic/recurrent group, and successful induction rate and RR for the induction group. These were also calculated in the elderly/frail subset (EF): age ≥75, performance status ≥2, albumin <3.5.ResultsFifty‐two percent of patients experienced ≥grade 3 toxicities. For metastatic/recurrent disease (N = 58), RR was 22%, mean PFS was 7.1 months. Mean OS was 15.2 months. In the induction cohort (N = 22), 86% reached their endpoint. The RR was 64%. There were no significant differences for EF.ConclusionsPCC is well‐tolerated with good induction success rate and reasonable PFS/OS in metastatic/recurrent disease.
Laryngotracheal stenosis: Mechanistic review
Authors: Carpenter Delaney J. , Hamdi Osama A. , Finberg Ariel M. , Daniero James J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this review article is to summarize the existing literature surrounding wound healing mechanisms in laryngotracheal stenosis.MethodsA review of general wound healing pathophysiology, followed by a focused review of iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) and idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) as conditions of aberrant wound healing.ResultsiLTS is the scarring of the laryngotracheal complex, coming secondary to injury from prolonged intubation. iSGS is a chronic fibroinflammatory scarring and narrowing of the subglottic airway in the absence of any obvious preceding injury or trauma. They are both thought to result from a prolonged and dysregulated wound healing response that promotes the deposition of pathologic scar in the airway.ConclusionsUnderstanding the mechanisms that underlie wound healing will help identify and intervene on the process early in its development and discover future therapies that target individual wound healing mechanisms limiting the incidence of this recalcitrant disease process.
Ibrutinib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma: Phase I trial results
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Parrondo Ricardo D. , Moustafa Muhamad Alhaj , LaPlant Betsy R. , Alegria Victoria , Chapin Dustin , Roy Vivek , Sher Taimur , Paulus Aneel , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTherapeutic strategies that target novel pathways are urgently needed for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Ibrutinib is an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase, which is overexpressed in MM cells. This phase 1 dose‐escalation study examined various doses of ibrutinib in combination with standard doses of lenalidomide (25 mg) and dexamethasone (40 mg) using a standard 3 + 3 design in RRMM patients. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ibrutinib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Patients (n = 15) had received a median of 4 prior regimens, 53% were triple‐class exposed, 33% were penta‐exposed, and 54% were lenalidomide‐refractory. The MTD of ibrutinib was 840 mg (n = 6) and only 1 dose‐limiting toxicity; a grade 3 rash possibly related to ibrutinib was noted. The most common ≥ grade 3 adverse events were rash in 2 (13%), lymphopenia in 2 (13%), leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia all occurring in 3 (20%) patients each. One patient achieved a partial response for an overall response rate of 7%. The clinical benefit rate was 80%. The median time to progression was 3.8 months. Ibrutinib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone appears to be a safe and well‐tolerated regimen with reasonable efficacy in heavily pretreated RRMM patients.
Targeting CD19 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: An expert opinion paper
Authors: Bailly Sarah , Cartron Guillaume , Chaganti Sridhar , Córdoba Raul , Corradini Paolo , Düll Johannes , Ferrarini Isacco , Osborne Wendy , Rosenwald Andreas , Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Tilly Hervé , Van Den Neste Eric , Viardot Andreas , Visco Carlo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ubiquitous, early‐stage expression, efficient internalization, limited off‐target effects, and high disease specificity of CD19 make it an attractive therapeutic target. Currently available anti‐CD19 therapies have demonstrated particular promise in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy should be based on individual patient characteristics and the goal of therapy. However, evidence and knowledge about the sequencing of anti‐CD19 therapies are limited. Here, we review the current evidence for CD19 as a target in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and consider approaches to the use of anti‐CD19 therapy.
Promoting intramolecular charge transfer of graphitic carbon nitride by donor–acceptor modulation for visible‐light photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Wan Sijie , Xu Jingsan , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo satisfy the requirements of substantial green development, it is urgent to explore an innovative eco‐friendly semiconductor photocatalyst to efficiently achieve visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE). The strategy of promoting the spatial separation efficiency of photoinduced carriers can essentially enhance the PHE performance of a photocatalyst. Herein, a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)‐based donor–acceptor (D‐A) copolymer (CNDMx) is constructed by simple one‐pot thermal polycondensation, using urea and 5,8‐DibroMoquinoxaline (as an electron donor) as precursors. The electron D‐A modulation consequently creates an internal electric field to facilitate the intramolecular charge transfer within the copolymer. A series of experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations are applied to elucidate the variation and correlation of the structure and PHE performance of the as‐prepared catalysts. It is found that the best average PHE rate of 3012.5 μmol g−1 h−1 can be achieved over the optimal D‐A copolymer under visible‐light (400 < λ < 800 nm) irradiation, which is ~3.3 times that of pure urea‐derived g‐C3N4. The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency is 1.3% at 420 nm. This study provides a protocol for designing effective visible‐light photocatalysts via D‐A modulation of polymeric semiconductors.
Incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder with cystolithiasis
Authors: Fujimoto Takeru , Goto Takayuki , Kanematsu Akihiro , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Fujimoto Masakazu , Matsuoka Takashi , Kono Jin , Kita Yuki , Masui Kimihiko , Sano Takeshi , Sawada Atsuro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionIncomplete sagittal septum of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare congenital anomaly and one of the variations in bladder duplication. Herein, we report a case of incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder with cystolithiasis.Case presentationA 20‐year‐old man was referred to our department for examination and treatment of symptomatic cystolithiasis and a suspected giant ureterocele on the left side. Cystoscopy and urography performed under general anesthesia revealed anatomical structures suggestive of the sagittal septum of the bladder. Subsequently, transurethral septostomy and cystolithotripsy were performed. The detrusor muscle was microscopically identified, leading to the diagnosis of an incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder.ConclusionAlthough extremely rare, an incomplete sagittal septum of the bladder may be difficult to differentiate from a ureterocele, and should be considered when a large cystic lesion is found in the bladder.
Compressive‐sensing swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography with reduced noise
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Chen Ziye , Zhu Zhanyu , Yu Xiaojun , Mo Jianhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), as a functional extension of optical coherence tomography (OCT), has exhibited a great potential to aid in clinical diagnostics. Currently, OCTA still suffers from motion artifact and noise. Therefore, in this article, we propose to implement compressive sensing (CS) on B‐scans to reduce motion artifact by increasing B‐scan rate. Meanwhile, a noise reduction filter is specially designed by combining CS, Gaussian filter and median filter. Specially, CS filtering is realized by averaging multiple CS repetitions on en‐face OCTA images with varied sampling functions. The method is evaluated on in vivo OCTA images of human skin. The results show that vasculature structures can be reconstructed well through CS on B‐scans with a sampling rate of 70%. Moreover, the noise can be significantly eliminated by the developed filter. This implies that our method has a good potential to expedite OCTA imaging and improve the image quality.
Soft 3D hybrid network for delivery and controlled release of poorly soluble dihydropyrimidinone compound: An insight into the novel system for potential application in leukemia treatment
Authors: Marković Maja D. , Tadić Julijana D. , Savić Sanja I. , Matić Ivana Z. , Stanojković Tatjana P. , Mijin Dušan Ž. , Panić Vesna V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearchers are faced with everyday demands for safer and more efficient therapy for many diseases, especially serious one such as various types of cancer. Numerous anticancer drugs are poorly‐water soluble and therefore their encapsulation and controlled release remain quite challenge. In present study, we deepened our research of hydrophilic carrier based on poly(methacrylic acid) and casein (PMAC) by investigating its potential for encapsulation and controlled release of novel poorly water‐soluble dihydropyrimidion‐azo‐pyridon compound (DHPMP). DHPMP is a dye that has been proven to show cytotoxic activity against chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. By encapsulating DHPMP into the carrier and delivering it into the intestines, DHPMP absorption could be the fastest and the number of therapeutic doses and side effects can be reduced. Carriers based on PMAC and DHPMP (PMAC‐DHPMP) were synthetized and characterized by FTIR, SEM and single compression tests. The swelling behavior of PMAC‐DHPMP carriers and cumulative DHPMP release were investigated depending on the amount of crosslinker and encapsulated DHPMP in two media which were simulating pH environments in human stomach and intestines. The prolonged and controlled release of DHPMP was achieved. In vitro cytotoxic activity of PMAC‐DHPMP carriers against K562 cells and the cell cycle analysis showed great potential of the carriers for application in leukemia treatment.
Fetal corpus callosum abnormalities: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging role
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Taherian Reza , Tahmasebpour Ahmad‐Reza , Sanei Taheri Morteza , Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Pak Neda , Shirazi Mahboobeh , Radmanesh Alireza , Oztekin Ozgur , Arab‐Ahmadi Mehran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe corpus callosum (CC) is the major interhemispheric commissure and its abnormalities include agenesis, hypoplasia, and hyperplasia. The CC anomalies are typically related to other central nervous system (CNS) or extra‐CNS malformations. The antenatal diagnosis of complete CC agenesis is easy after mid‐trimester by ultrasound (US) even in the axial plane. The non‐visualization of cavum septum pellucidum and colpocephaly are critical signs in the axial view. More subtle findings (i.e., hypoplasia and partial agenesis) might also be recognized antenatally. In this review, the focus was given on the prenatal diagnosis of CC abnormalities in US and magnetic resonance imaging.
Light and scanning electron microscopic comparative studies of geminivirus infected and healthy Eclipta alba (L.)
Authors: Sonia Romisha , Shaheen Shabnum , Khalid Sana , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Shahid Muhammad Naveed , Mukhtar Hanan , Khalid Zaryab , Harun Nidaa , Hussain Rana Abrar , Khan Farah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEclipta alba (L.) is a valuable medicinal plant. However, its medicinal efficacy can be affected by geminivirus infection. Therefore, identification of healthy specimen is essential before to use as medicine. The present study provided the taxonomic characterization of geminivirus infected and healthy E. alba plant by studying apparent morphology and microscopic features through light and scanning electron microscopy. Before taxonomic characterization infected and healthy specimens were separated through molecular detection of geminivirus. Results of morphological studies reported that geminivirus infected E. alba plant showed systematic symptoms of infection like stunted growth, distortion and chlorosis of leaves, decrease in size of root, shoot and fruit, and so forth in comparison to healthy specimen. Anatomical findings reported that in both plants anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata with multicellular warty trichomes were present. However, variations were observed in quantitative measures such as size of trichomes, epidermal, subsidiary and guard cells. Palynological observations identifies that both plants possessed tricolporate type of pollen but variation was mainly observed in size and shape of pollen, thickness of exine and intine, P/E ratio, pore size, interspecific difference, size of colpi, and pollen ornamentation. Overall this study concluded that both healthy and infected E. alba do not reported much variations in qualitative taxonomic features, but can be differentiated in terms of quantitative taxonomic evidences. Future studies are recommended for pharmacological analysis of both healthy and virus infected plants.Research HighlightsEclipta alba has incredible therapeutic worth, but due to geminivirus infection the plant is affecting badly. Hence, the present studies give a comprehensive taxonomic report on the geminivirus infected and healthy plant species.
Corrosion resistance and surface microstructure of Mg3N2/SS thin films by plasma focus instrument
Authors: Habibi Maryam , Sadeghi Mohammad , Arman Ali , Sobola Dinara , Luna Carlos , Mirzaei Saeed , Zelati Amir , da Fonseca Filho Henrique Duarte , Ţălu Ştefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUtilizing a plasma focus (PF) instrument, magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) thin films were synthesized on stainless steel substrates. Twenty five optimum focus shots at 8 cm distance from the anode tip were used to deposit the films at different angular positions regarded to the anode axis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to assess the surface morphology and structural characteristics of Mg3N2 films. Based on AFM images, these films were studied to understand the effect of angular position variation on their surfaces through morphological and fractal parameters. By increasing the angle, we verify that the grain size decreased from 130(0) nm to 75(5) nm and also the mean quadratic surface roughness of the films reduced in its average values from (28.97 ± 3.24) nm to (23.10 ± 1.34) nm. Power spectrum density analysis indicated that films become more self‐affine at larger angles. Furthermore, the corrosion behavior of the films was investigated through a potentiodynamic polarization test in H2SO4 solution. It was found that the ion energy and flux, varying with the angular positions from the anode tip, directly affected the nanostructured roughness and surface morphology of the samples. The electrochemical studies of films show that the uncoated sample presented the lowest corrosion resistance. The highest corrosion resistance was obtained for the sample deposited with 25 optimum shots and at 0° angular position reaching a reduction in the corrosion current density of almost 800 times compared to the pure stainless steel‐304 substrate.Highlights
Mg3N2/SS films have been deposited at different angles by plasma focus (PF) instruments.
The effect of angular position on the surface microtexture, morphological parameters, and corrosion features of the films was studied.
The RBS measurement and X‐ray diffraction are utilized to identify the crystalline phases and thickness of films.
Phase I Randomized Trial of 17O‐Labeled Water: Safety and Feasibility Study of Indirect Proton MRI for the Evaluation of Cerebral Water Dynamics
Authors: Harada Taisuke , Kudo Kohsuke , Kameda Hiroyuki , Sato Ryota , Shirai Toru , Bito Yoshitaka , Fujima Noriyuki , Tsuneta Satonori , Nogawa Toshifumi , Maeda Kenichiro , Hayashi Hiroshi , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: April 2022

Background17O‐labeled water (PSO17) is a contrast agent developed to measure brain water dynamics and cerebral blood flow.PurposeTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of PSO17.Study TypeProspective study.SubjectsA total of 12 male healthy volunteers (23.1 ± 1.9 years) were assigned to three groups of four subjects: placebo (normal saline), PSO17 10%, and PSO17 20%.Field Strength/SequenceDynamic 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR, fast spin echo with variable refocusing flip angle) scans of the brain were performed with 3‐T MRI.AssessmentContrast agents were injected 5 minutes after the start of a 10‐minute scan. Any symptoms, vital signs, and blood and urine tests were evaluated at five timepoints from preinjection to 4 days after. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis, including half‐life (T1/2), maximum fraction (Cmax), time‐to‐maximum fraction (Tmax), and area under the curve (AUC), were collected at 13 timepoints from preinjection to 168 hours after. Regions of interest were set in the cerebral cortex (CC), basal ganglia/thalamus (BG/TM), and white matter (WM), and 17O concentrations were calculated from signal changes and evaluated using Cmax.Statistical TestsAll items were compared among the three groups using Tukey–Kramer's honestly significant difference test. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.5.ResultsNo safety issues were noted with the intravenous administration of PSO17. The T1/2 was approximately 160 hours, and the AUCs were 1.77 ± 0.10 and 3.75 ± 0.36 in the PSO17 10% and 20% groups, respectively. 17O fractions calculated from MRI signals were higher in the PSO17 20% group than in the 10% and placebo groups. Significant differences were noted between all pairs of groups in the CC and BG/TM, and between PSO17 20% and both placebo and 10% groups in the WM.Data ConclusionPSO17 might be considered safe as a contrast medium. Dynamic 3D‐FLAIR might detect dose‐dependent signal changes and estimate 17O.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Diagnostic performance of gliomas grading and IDH status decoding A comparison between 3D amide proton transfer APT and four diffusion‐weighted MRI models
Authors: Guo Hu , Liu Jun , Hu JunJiao , Zhang HuiTing , Zhao Wei , Gao Min , Zhang Yi , Yang Guang , Cui Yan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe focus of neuro‐oncology research has changed from histopathologic grading to molecular characteristics, and medical imaging routinely follows this change.PurposeTo compare the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer (APT) and four diffusion models in gliomas grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 62 participants (37 males, 25 females; mean age, 52 ± 13 years) whose IDH genotypes were mutant in 6 of 14 grade II gliomas, 8 of 20 of grade III gliomas, and 4 of 28 grade IV gliomas.Field Strength/SequenceAPT imaging using sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) and DWI with q‐space Cartesian grid sampling were acquired at 3 T.AssessmentThe ability of diffusion kurtosis imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), mean apparent propagator (MAP), and APT imaging for glioma grade and IDH status were assessed, with histopathological grade and genetic testing used as a reference standard. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn by two neuroradiologists after consensus.Statistical TestsT‐test and Mann–Whitney U test; one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA); receiver operating curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC); DeLong test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with IDH‐mutant gliomas, IDH‐wildtype gliomas showed a significantly higher mean, 5th‐percentile (APT5), and 95th‐percentile from APTw, the 95th‐percentile value of axial, mean, and radial diffusivity from DKI, and 95th‐percentile value of isotropic volume fraction from NODDI, and no significantly different parameters from DTI and MAP (P = 0.075–0.998). The combined APT model showed a significantly wider area under the curve (AUC 0.870) for IDH status, when compared with DKI and NODDI. APT5 was significantly different between two of the three groups (glioma II vs. glioma III vs. glioma IV: 1.35 ± 0.75 vs. 2.09 ± 0.93 vs. 2.71 ± 0.81).Data conclusionAPT has higher diagnostic accuracy than DTI, DKI, MAP, and NODDI in glioma IDH genotype. APT5 can effectively identify both tumor grading and IDH genotyping, making it a promising biomarker for glioma classification.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2