bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal Cardiac Inflow Characteristics in Response to Fetal Anemia
Authors: Sirivat Kanthong , Luewan Suchaya , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the inflow (filling time fraction [FTF] and E/A ratio) characteristics of fetuses with anemia, and to evaluate the performance of the inflow markers in predicting the affected fetuses.MethodsFetuses at risk of hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease at 17–22 weeks were prospectively recruited to undergo echocardiography before diagnostic cordocentesis. Cardiac Doppler images were digitally stored for off‐line blinded measurements of FTF and E/A ratio.ResultsA total of 428 fetuses at risk of Hb Bart's disease were analyzed, including 88 affected fetuses (20.6%). The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 19.43 ± 1.5 weeks. The FTFs in both sides were significantly lower in the affected fetuses, whereas the E/A ratios of both sides were significantly higher in the affected group. According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the performance of the FTF of the right side in predicting affected fetuses was slightly better than that of the left side (area under curve: 0.707 versus 0.680, P < .001). Likewise, the performance of the E/A ratio of the tricuspid valve was slightly better than that of the mitral valve. Also, FTF was superior to E/A ratio in predicting the affected fetuses.ConclusionsNew insights leading to a better understanding of the fetal cardiac response to anemia are: 1) the FTFs in both sides were significantly decreased, suggesting some degree of diastolic ventricular dysfunction; 2) the E/A ratios of both sides were significantly increased, indicating volume load; and 3) The inflow parameters may be useful as a new predictor of fetal anemia, especially among pregnancies at risk.
Exploring the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on desert steppe based on soil nematodes
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Huang Jing , Gao Wei , Jia Meiqing , Li Xiaodan , Han Guodong , Zhang Guogang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe combined effects of warming and increased nitrogen (N) deposition in various ecosystems have become global issues. We used high‐throughput sequencing in an 8‐year field experiment to evaluate the impacts of the interactions between warming and nitrogen addition on soil nematode communities in a desert steppe. The soil nematode community presented with a certain degree of tolerance to warming. Warming mainly altered soil nematode diversity and community stability in deep soils whereas nitrogen addition primarily affected the nematode community in surface soils. Moreover, warming interacted with nitrogen addition exacerbated its negative effects on nematode richness and diversity. A Mantel analysis showed that soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with soil NH4+ and NO3− content. All three soil physicochemical (pH, NH4+ and NO3−) parameters were significantly correlated with desert steppe soil nematode community structure. Based on network and relative abundance analyses, we determined that Paratylenchus, Cervidellus, and Acrobeloides were the major hub soil nematode genera responding to soil warming and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe. The present study comprehensively analyzed the responses of desert steppe soil nematode communities to warming and nitrogen addition and provided an exemplar for studying the impact of environmental factors on soil nematodes communities worldwide.
Persistence of lower vocal intensity in vocal fold paralysis with cricothyroid impairment after hyaluronate injection
Authors: Liu Kuo‐Cheng , Lu Yi‐An , Chuang Hsiu‐Feng , Hsin Li‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Ni , Wong Alice M. K. , Pei Yu‐Cheng , Fang Tuan‐Jen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) affects the glottal gap, voice, and aerodynamics, whereas injection laryngoplasty (IL) using hyaluronate is an effective treatment for UVFP by decreasing the glottal gap to improve voice. Previous studies have shown that the involvement of cricothyroid (CT) muscle in UVFP patients further affects patients' aerodynamics, but it remains unclear whether the difference remains after IL. This study investigates whether the aerodynamic features observed in UVFP with CT involvement could still be observed after IL.MethodsThis study recruited UVFP patients with dysphonia, and IL was performed within 6 months of initial symptoms. All subjects received assessments including videolaryngoscopy, voice analysis, and aerodynamics at three time points: before IL, 1 month after IL, and 6 months after IL. The glottal gap, voice, and aerodynamics between patients with and without CT involvement (the CT+ and CT− groups) were compared, and the change (Δ) before and after IL and repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also compared between the two groups.ResultA total of 71 patients with UVFP (22 in the CT+ group and 49 in the CT− group) were analyzed. After IL, the CT+ group showed a lower sound pressure level (SPL), higher Δair pressure, and smaller Δaerodynamic power than the CT− group.ConclusionThe CT+ group had a lower SPL, even after elevating air pressure to attempt to achieve a higher vocal intensity. The results suggest that although closure of the glottal gap was achieved by IL, the CT+ group still had a lower loudness and needed to sustain a higher peak air pressure when producing voice.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Cholesteatoma has an altered microbiota with a higher abundance of Staphylococcus species
Authors: Fujikawa Taro , Tanimoto Kousuke , Kawashima Yoshiyuki , Ito Taku , Honda Keiji , Takeda Takamori , Sonobe Akane , Aoki Natsuki , Bai Jing , Tsutsumi Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the microbiota between cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media (COM) and to identify potential pathogens that explain the relevant phenotypes of cholesteatoma.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSurgical specimens collected from 20 cholesteatomas and nine COMs were treated to dissolve biofilms and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and amplicon sequence variant‐level analysis for microbiota profiling and quantitative comparison. Correlations between the relative abundance of potential pathogens and the volume of the primary resected cholesteatomas were examined.ResultsDifferences in bacterial composition (beta diversity) were observed between cholesteatomas and COM (p = .002), with a higher abundance of Staphylococcus in cholesteatomas than in COM (p = .005). Common genera in the external auditory canal (EAC) flora, such as Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Cutibacterium, were predominant in both cholesteatoma and COM; Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were increased in both diseases compared with the EAC flora. Furthermore, coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) were more abundant in cholesteatomas than in COM (p = 0.002). Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size measurements (LEfSe) identified four CoNS as potential biomarkers for cholesteatoma. The relative abundance of S. aureus, a potential pathogen, was positively correlated with cholesteatoma volume (r = .60, p = .02).ConclusionThe microbiota of cholesteatoma and COM originated from EAC flora, but the bacterial composition was largely altered. Our results suggested that S. aureus infection is involved in cholesteatoma progression.Level of Evidence3b
Corrigendum: Associations between cyanobacteria and indices of secondary production in the western basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Larson James H. , Evans Mary Anne , Kennedy Robert J. , Bailey Sean W. , Loftin Keith A. , Laughrey Zachary R. , Femmer Robin A. , Schaeffer Jeff S. , Richardson William B. , Wynne Timothy T. , Nelson J. C. , Duris Joseph W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the last year, we became aware that data used in our above‐referenced manuscript from 2018 published in Limnology and Oceanography contained significant errors. In the 2018 manuscript, we found that indices of secondary production were negatively correlated to indices of cyanobacterial abundance and toxicity. Unfortunately, one of our indices of cyanobacterial abundance (biovolume) and our measurement of toxicity (microcystin concentration) were inaccurate in the data we used in the 2018 manuscript. Upon discovering these errors, we immediately began correcting the repositories where these data were available. Having corrected those data repositories, we are now reporting on the re‐analysis of the data using the methods previously described in the 2018 manuscript. Although the relationships are slightly different, our interpretation is that the conclusions of the 2018 manuscript are still valid using the corrected data. The data errors we experienced were traced to a spreadsheet that was used to share data among the research team, which had errors caused by mistakes in copy‐pasting formulas instead of data and ‘inadvertent’ edits that were saved by the spreadsheet's auto‐save function. We apologize to the scientific community for these errors.
Improving quantification of particulate phosphorus
Authors: Hu Ying‐Yu , Irwin Andrew J. , Finkel Zoe V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTotal particulate phosphorus (TPP) is often determined using the high‐temperature dry combustion (HTDC) method followed by hydrolysis of the ash and then molybdenum colorimetry. Here, we show that a higher than traditionally used combustion temperature, 800°C vs. 450–550°C, improves phosphorus recovery from several phosphorus standard compounds, marine phytoplankton cultures, and particulate samples from the field. The ashing auxiliary MgSO4 further improves P recovery by improving decomposition, reducing volatilization during combustion, and increasing the efficiency of hydrolysis. A 0.2 M HCl hydrolysis, under 90°C for 30 min yields a higher P recovery compared with hydrolysis at room temperature or 60°C. In aggregate, these improvements to the method double the P recovery from phospholipids to 97%. TPP recovery from laboratory phytoplankton cultures and field samples increased an average of 11%, primarily due to the improvements in P recovery from phospholipids, polyphosphate, and nucleic acids. We refer to this new method as the eXtra high temperature dry combustion (X‐HTDC) Ash/Hydrol method and recommend its application for measuring particulate phosphorus from organic compounds in aquatic systems.
Locus of lubricating weak point for the toroidal surface enveloping cylindrical worm drive
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhao Yaping , Mu Shibo , Li Gongfa , Chen Xinyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on the lubrication angle field and the locus of lubricating weak point, the lubricating characteristic of the toroidal surface enveloping cylindrical worm drive is globally investigated. The nonlinear equation system to determine the lubricating weak point is established by utilising the lubrication angle. Generally speaking, the weak locus always exists roughly in the middle of the tooth surface of cylindrical wormgear and a zone with worse lubricating behaviour is around the locus. By increasing the number of worm thread, the locus of lubricating weak point can be completely removed from the wormgear tooth surface, and the locus approximately is in the shape of the inverse capital letter L. On this occasion, the entire wormgear tooth surface is half surrounded by the locus, and the overall lubrication performance of the worm drive is improved. The current research is an application of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) on worm drive.
Synthesis of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline‐b‐ethylenimine) and their DNA Transfection Efficiency
Authors: Delecourt Gwendoline , Plet Laetitia , Guen Yann Le , Tezgel Ozgul , Tresset Guillaume , Midoux Patrick , Montier Tristan , Bennevault Véronique , Guégan Philippe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGene delivery is now a part of the therapeutic arsenal for vaccination and treatments of inherited or acquired diseases. Polymers represent an opportunity to develop new synthetic vectors for gene transfer, with a prerequisite of improved delivery and reduced toxicity compared to existing polymers. Here, the synthesis in a two‐step's procedure of linear poly(ethylenimine‐b‐2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) block copolymers with the linear polyethylenimine (lPEI) block of various molar masses is reported; the molar mass of the poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PiPrOx) block has been set to 7 kg mol−1. Plasmid DNA condensation is successfully achieved, and in vitro transfection efficiency of the copolymers is at least comparable to that obtained with the lPEI of same molar mass. lPEI‐b‐PiPrOx block copolymers are however less cytotoxic than their linear counterparts. PiPrOx can be a good alternative to PEG which is often used in drug delivery systems. The grafting of histidine moieties on the lPEI block of lPEI‐b‐PiPrOx does not provide any real improvement of the transfection efficiency. A weak DNA condensation is observed, due to increased steric hindrance along the lPEI backbone. The low cytotoxicity of lPEI‐b‐PiPrOx makes this family a good candidate for future gene delivery developments.
Magnetic‐Oriented Nickel Particles and Nickel‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes: An Efficient Tool for Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of PDMS Composites
Authors: Giacomo Riccucci , Angelo Romano , Lorenzo Pezzana , Alice Tori , Silvia Spriano , Marco Sangermano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, PDMS composites are thermally cured with nickel particles and nickel‐coated carbon nanotubes as fillers. Both fillers are oriented with the aim to increase the thermal conductivity of the silicone polymer network, due to the formation of a continuous thermal path. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gives a picture of the polymer network's morphology, proving the effective alignment of the nickel particles. Rheology and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) studies confirm the full curing of the silicon network and no influence in the curing kinetics of the type and content of fillers and their orientation. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile analysis show instead different thermo‐mechanical behavior of the polymer network due to the presence of different fillers, different fillers percentage, and orientation. Finally, the thermal transmittance coefficient (k) is studied by means of hot disk analysis, revealing the increment of almost 200% due to magnetic filler orientation.
Relating the dark side of new‐age technologies and customer technostress
Authors: Kumar V. , Rajan Bharath , Salunkhe Uday , Joag Shreekant G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the new‐age technologies do provide firms with opportunities to engage with customers better, they create undesired effects such as stress among customers in terms of navigating the newer technologies. This study identifies such stress as customer technostress and defines this new construct as “the result of negative experiences faced by customers when interacting with firm‐based new‐age technologies.” We also identify that the customer technostress construct to be comprised of six stressors—techno‐invasion, techno‐complexity, techno‐uncertainty, techno‐dependence, techno‐vulnerability, and techno‐inferiority. In doing so, we use a triangulation approach to develop a framework that proposes that customer technostress mediates the effect of new‐age technologies on customer engagement. Accordingly, we propose that (1) the negative experiences of customers when using new‐age technologies can create customer technostress, (2) a nonlinear relationship exists between customer technostress and customer engagement, (3) an increase in the marketing efforts of new‐age technologies by firms will help mitigate the effect of negative experiences of customers on customer technostress, (4) an increase in the customers’ familiarity with new‐age technologies will help mitigate the effect of negative experiences of customers on customer technostress, and (5) compared to reactive and proactive coping strategies, adaptive coping strategies will have a greater mitigating influence on the nonlinear relationship between customer technostress and customer engagement. This proposed framework also recognizes that a firm's reactions to a decline in customer engagement due to customer technostress can serve as inputs for subsequent improvements. This study concludes by identifying areas for future research.
Preparation of Supramolecular Miktoarm Star Copolymers with a Zinc Phthalocyanine Core through ATRP and RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Zhong Xinhao , Nagai Akira , Takeuchi Masayuki , Aimi Junko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopological polymers have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. This study demonstrates the formation of novel supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers with a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) core using metal–ligand coordination interactions. Various linear polymers with pyridyl end groups, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(N‐vinyl carbazole), are prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This facilitates coordination to the ZnPc core of 4‐armed star‐shaped polystyrene prepared via atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Furthermore, the formation of a 1:1 complex of a ZnPc molecule and pyridyl group of the chain‐transfer agent for RAFT is confirmed by absorption spectral studies and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The concept of supramolecular complexation can be extended to the preparation of AB4‐type supramolecular miktoarm star‐shaped copolymers with functional cores.
FR‐4‐based Ka‐band SISL bandpass filters using folded half‐wavelength resonators
Authors: Yue Zehua , Ma Kaixue , Wang Yongqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this letter, bandpass filters (BPFs) with folded short‐circuited half‐wavelength (λ/2) resonators are proposed based on the substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform for satellite communications. Each λ/2 resonator is folded, to achieve an overlapping structure, which not only reduces the size, but more importantly, reduces the loss. In addition, air cavity, metal shielding wall, and substrate excavation method also dramatically reduce the loss in substrates. Note that professional material term (FR‐4) material is chosen for the design, therefore, it is low‐cost and more suitable for production application. Finally, a second‐order and a fourth‐order combline BPFs are fabricated and measured to verify the design method. The insertion loss of the second‐order and the fourth‐order filters are only 0.78 and 1.19 dB at the center frequency of 29.2 GHz, respectively. The presented SISL filters using FR‐4 material demonstrate the advantages of low‐loss, low‐cost, and self‐packaging.
A sequentially rotated feeding circularly polarized stacked patch antenna array based on SISL
Authors: Yan Ningning , Song Doudou , Luo Yu , Ma Kaixue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA sequentially rotated feeding circularly polarized stacked patch antenna and its array based on substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) are presented. The resonant frequencies of 5.05 and 5.35 GHz are obtained by using the cross slot on the driven patch, which can also realize circular polarization. The windmill stacked patch is introduced to generate another resonant frequency of 5.85 GHz and expand 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (BW). The measured 10‐dB impedance BW of 18.2% (4.98–5.98 GHz) and the 3‐dB AR BW of 3.6% (5.45–5.65 GHz) are obtained from the proposed antenna element. The measured peak gain is 9.0 dBi. A sequentially rotated feeding is used to excite the proposed 2 × 2 antenna array. The measured peak gain is 13.31 dBi. The measured 10‐dB impedance BW is 28.3% (4.80–6.38 GHz) and the 3‐dB AR BW is 8.9% (5.35–5.85 GHz).
Assessing retinal vein occlusion based on color fundus photographs using neural understanding network (NUN)
Authors: Beeche Cameron , Gezer Naciye S , Iyer Kartik , Almetwali Omar , Yu Juezhao , Zhang Yanchun , Dhupar Rajeev , Leader Joseph K. , Pu Jiantao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel deep learning architecture to classify retinal vein occlusion (RVO) on color fundus photographs (CFPs) and reveal the image features contributing to the classification.MethodsThe neural understanding network (NUN) is formed by two components: (1) convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based feature extraction and (2) graph neural networks (GNN)‐based feature understanding. The CNN‐based image features were transformed into a graph representation to encode and visualize long‐range feature interactions to identify the image regions that significantly contributed to the classification decision. A total of 7062 CFPs were classified into three categories: (1) no vein occlusion (“normal”), (2) central RVO, and (3) branch RVO. The area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used as the metric to assess the performance of the trained classification models.ResultsThe AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for NUN to classify CFPs as normal, central occlusion, or branch occlusion were 0.975 (± 0.003), 0.911 (± 0.007), 0.983 (± 0.010), and 0.803 (± 0.005), respectively, which outperformed available classical CNN models.ConclusionThe NUN architecture can provide a better classification performance and a straightforward visualization of the results compared to CNNs.
Testing of an enhanced leaf model for improved dose calculation in a commercial treatment planning system
Authors: Van Esch Ann , Kulmala Antti , Rochford Ronan , Kauppinen Juha , Harju Ari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the ever‐increasing complexity of dynamic radiotherapy treatments, dose calculation algorithms are challenged to accurately calculate the dose resulting from small, on‐ and off‐axis multileaf collimator (MLC) aperture movements. Although the currently available Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto) dose calculation algorithms still use a simplified, binary MLC model, a more advanced and detailed modeling of the MLC could be beneficial for the dose calculation precision of high‐end treatments.PurposeTo improve the modeling of the MLC in the dose calculation algorithms of the Eclipse treatment planning system, an enhanced MLC attenuation model was constructed through ray tracing through the actual leaf designs for the most commonly used Varian MLC types. The enhanced leaf model (ELM) thus includes the rounded leaf tip shape, the drive screw cutout, and the leaf body thickness. The purpose of this work is to test out this new model and explore possible improvements compared to the previous model.MethodsDose calculations were performed in a research Eclipse environment equipped with the original and enhanced MLC model. Measurements were performed on TrueBeam and on Halcyon dual MLC treatment units. Dedicated static and dynamic MLC test plans were designed to challenge the dose calculation and highlight differences between both models while keeping the experimental setup simple in order to minimize measurement uncertainties. Measurements were performed with single ion chambers, 2D ion chamber arrays and film.ResultsThe improved MLC model considerably improves the accuracy of the dose calculation for the test fields used in this study. For the TrueBeam MLC, improvements are most prominent for off‐axis dose delivery through narrow (static or dynamic) MLC gaps. For 3 mm narrow sweeping gap deliveries at 12 cm off‐axis, the advanced model agrees within 2% with the measurement, in contrast to the 12% deviation observed with the original MLC model. For the Halcyon MLC, improvements are especially prominent when the leaves of both MLC stacks are aligned, regardless of their position in the field. Sweeping gap measurements improve from a 7%–10% deviation with the original model to within 2% with the new model.ConclusionsAlthough test fields designed in this study emphasize the flaws in the original MLC dose calculation model, the enhanced MLC model resolves all of the observed discrepancies, showing excellent on‐ and off‐axis agreements with all of the performed measurements.