bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of total cold-water immersion's effects to ice massage on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage
Authors: Fakhro Mohammed Ali , AlAmeen Fatima , Fayad Rim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of total cold-water immersion to ice massage on muscle damage, performance, and delayed onset of muscle soreness.

Methods
Sixty participants were randomized into two groups where they completed a muscle damage protocol. Afterward, muscle damage, muscle performance, and delayed onset muscle soreness were respectively measured by serum Creatine Kinase (CK) test, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) test, countermovement jump (CMJ) test, and visual analog scale (VAS). The measurements were taken at five different timelines (Baseline, 2 H, 24 H, 48 H, and 72 H).

Results
Data showed that values of all within-group measures of the dependent variables had extremely significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) for both intervention groups. Serum CK values peaked at 24 H for both groups. At 72 H, serum CK values dropped to baseline values in the total cold-water immersion group, while remaining high in the ice massage group. At 72 H, the values of the 1-RM test, CMJ test, and VAS approximated baseline values only in the total cold-water immersion group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Total cold-water immersion (TCWI) was more effective when compared to ice massage (IM) on improving values of recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Hence, this modality may be considered during athletic recovery to maximize athletic performance.

Clinical trial registration
This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under the trial registration number (NCT04183816).
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes to dipteran leaf miners, house flies and mushroom flies
Authors: Abbas Mohamed Samir Tawfik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), especially in the 2 families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, are important biocontrol agents against insect pests. The leaf miners (Fam.: Agromyzidae) are cosmopolitan insect pests. There are more than 330Liriomyzaspp. including more than 20 species that have been reported as economically important pests of field crops, ornamentals and vegetables. The house flies are serious insect pests for human and animals. More than 100 human and animal diseases have been associated with house flies. Mushroom flies (phorid and sciarid families) are among the main arthropod pests affecting the cultivation of mushroom throughout the world.ResultsVirulence of EPNs differed clearly even on the same insect species and/or by the same nematode species. Such differences might be attributed to the method of treatment, the age of the stage of the insect as well as the concentrations of the tested nematodes. Laboratory studies revealed that the tested nematodes proved to be moderate to highly virulent to larvae as percentage of mortality reached 100%. As for pupae, some studies revealed their moderate or high susceptibility to nematodes, whereas others showed low susceptibility or resistance to infection. Treated adults, or those emerged from treated larvae or pupae, are also susceptible to infection.ConclusionLaboratory studies proved the virulence of EPNs to larvae of the 3 dipteran families. Semi-field and field trials indicated that they could successfully reduce the populations of some treated insects without affect the others.
Pumpkin and watermelon production constraints and management practices in Uganda
Authors: Masika Fred B. , Alicai Titus , Shimelis Hussein , Ddamulira Gabriel , Athman Shahasi Y. , Ipulet Perpetua , Andama Morgan , Tugume Arthur K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Watermelons and pumpkins are cultivated in Uganda for their leaves, fruits, and seeds, thereby contributing to food, nutrition and income security. However, there is limited research and information on constraints affecting their production. This study assessed the current production constraints for watermelons and pumpkins, management practices, sources of production inputs to guide research and decision making in production of these crops.

Methodology
Watermelon and pumpkin fields totalling 105 located in 28 districts from nine sub-regions of Uganda were surveyed. Purposive sampling was conducted based on the importance and availability of watermelon and pumpkin fields in the sub-regions using a questionnaire administered to farmers on different practices, management strategies, and current production constraints. Data were analysed to determine the relationship between the source of seed, sale of their produce, constraints, and control measures of biotic constraints in the different sub-regions.

Results
Pumpkins and watermelons were grown by 85.7% and 14.3% of respondent farmers, respectively. The constraints as ranked by the farmers were pests, diseases, drought, high transport and labour costs. Bacterial wilt, downy mildews, anthracnose powdery mildews and virus diseases in this order were the most common and important disease constraints.
The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius), order hemiptera family aleyrodidae, aphids (Myzus Persicae, Sulzer), order hemiptera family aphidadae, melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae, Coquillett), order diptera family tephritidae and cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon, Hufnagel), order lepidoptera family noctuidae, were reported as the most limiting pests of watermelon and pumpkin production. Mixing of several agrochemicals was observed in watermelon fields coupled with gross lack of knowledge of proper usage or purpose of these chemicals may result in pesticide resistance, health and environmental hazards.

Conclusion
Pests, diseases, and drought constitute the main constraints affecting watermelon and pumpkin cultivation in Uganda. Whereas weeding using hand hoes is the most common method of weed control, application of ash was the main strategy for pest management in pumpkin, while in watermelons, pheromone traps and pesticides were frequently used.
The impact of polyethylene terephthalate waste on different bituminous designs
Authors: Ahmad Malik Shoeb , Ahmad Salman Asrar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo lessen the harmful impact of waste products on the environment and nature, it seems reasonable to introduce a method of reuse of waste materials in engineering projects and construction projects, for example, road construction to enhance the asphalt mixture qualities. Pavement made with different modified bitumen binders is used to aid in resistance to cracking and permanent deformation. Decomposed waste like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been successfully used to modify bitumen production. This study assessed the bitumen PET waste’s integrity with conventional tests such as penetration, softening point, viscosity, flash and fire point, and ductility tests. Based on the changes in the bitumen results, PET waste proportions of 8%, 10%, and 12% by weight of bitumen content were compared to semi-dense bituminous concrete (SDBC), dense-graded bituminous macadam (DBM), and bituminous macadam (BM). The consistency of bituminous concrete is measured using Marshall values. The PET-modified mixture was found to be more resistant to deformation than the conventional sample, and the rate of deformation in the PET-modified mix was lesser than in the conventional mix.
Multiple Time-Spaces
Authors: Lu Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA reading of the cinematic representation of the global city in Chinese “new urban films” and in rural-migrant films leads this article to focus on the plurality and dialogism among different chronotopes produced collectively across these films. The article argues that the global city is constructed by visible and invisible urban spaces whose representation offers a restructured urban world and captures the profound transformations of the Chinese city since the onset of this century. In redefining mainstream commercial/popular urban cinema via incorporation of rural-migrant films (often regarded as a separate category), this article also argues that new urban and rural-migrant films share many features. One such feature is the articulation of the neoliberal ideology of individualistic striving and personal improvement that is very much in line with socialist values and crucial to achieving the official Chinese vision of a “harmonious society.”
Ghostly Chronotopes
Authors: Yee Winnie L. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although the exhaustion and brutal exploitation of nature in the name of progress has been decried in recent decades, post-socialist China continues to use economic gains to justify the destruction of the majority of the populace and their environment. This article focuses on the lives of Chinese people and the ways in which urban spaces, which are the result of a long-term ideologically and economically driven development paradigm, are rendered spectral and uncanny by contemporary Chinese writers. Specters serve as common tropes for social injustice, personal vendettas, or unspeakable traumas. Di qi tian 第七天 (The Seventh Day, 2013) by Yu Hua 余華 (1960–) and Yuese liaoren 月色撩人 (Seductive Moon, 2008) by Wang Anyi 王安憶 (1954–) are analyzed in order to expose the dire effects of the urbanization of post-socialist China on the everyday lives of people of every profession, age, class, and gender.
Respirometry protocols for avian thermoregulation at high air temperatures: stepped and steady-state profiles yield similar results
Authors: Short James C. , Freeman Marc T. , McKechnie Andrew E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Relationships between air temperature (Tair) and avian body temperature (Tb), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) during acute heat exposure can be quantified through respirometry using several approaches. One involves birds exposed to a stepped series of progressively increasing Tair setpoints for short periods (&lt;20–30 min), whereas a second seeks to achieve steady-state conditions by exposing birds to a single Tair for longer periods (&gt;1–2 h). To compare these two approaches, we measured Tb, RMR and EWL over Tair=28°C to 44°C in the dark-capped bulbul (Pycnonotus tricolor). The two protocols yielded indistinguishable values of Tb, RMR and EWL and related variables at most Tair values, revealing that both are appropriate for quantifying avian thermal physiology during heat exposure over the range of Tair in the present study. The stepped protocol, however, has several ethical and practical advantages.
Imaging CXCR4 receptors expression for staging multiple myeloma by using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shekhawat Amit Singh , Singh Baljinder , Malhotra Pankaj , Watts Ankit , Basher Rajender , Kaur Harneet , Hooda Monika , Radotra Bishan D 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targets CXCR4 expression which is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for imaging CXCR4 expression in MM and compared results with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT.

Methods:
34 (21M; 13F; median age = 57.5 years) treatment naive multiple myeloma patients were recruited. All the patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging. Freshly prepared 68Ga-Pentixafor (148–185 MBq) was injected intravenously and whole-body PET/CT (low-dose CT) was acquired at 1 h post-injection. The pattern of uptake (diffuse, focal or mixed) and the mean SUVmax value of all the lesions (when lesions were ≤5) or of the five most tracer avid lesions (when lesions was &gt;5) were evaluated. Tumor to background ratio (TBRmax) was calculated for both the tracers. Durie Salmon plus staging (DSPS) was used for disease staging on PET and the results were compared with International staging system (ISS)

Results:
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT showed higher disease extent than seen on 18F-FDG PET/CT in 23/34 patients (68.0%), lesser disease extent in 2/34 (6%) and similar disease extent in 9/34 (26%) patients. Significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher TBRmax values (5.7; IQR 8.8) were observed on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT as compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT values (2.9; IQR = 4.0). Both the techniques detected extramedullary lesions in six patients. On the other hand, 68Ga-Pentixafor detected medullary lesions in five, whereas, 18F-FDG PET in three patients. Further, only 68Ga-Pentixafor TBRmax correlated significantly (ρ = 0.421; 0.013) with bone marrow plasma cell percentage. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET upstaged more number (9/29) of patients as compared to (4/29) 18F-FDG PET imaging. On the other hand, 18F-FDG PET down-staged 9/29, whereas 68Ga-Pentixafor PET downstaged only 3/29 patients.

Conclusion:
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT evaluated the whole-body disease burden of CXCR4 receptors non-invasively which is not possible by tissue sampling methods. This novel PET tracer has also implication for disease staging. Dual 68Ga-Pentixafor/18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may help in determining the tumor heterogeneity in MM.

Advances in knowledge:
This CXCR4 targeting PET tracer has a promising role in the development of CXCR4 targeting theranostics and also for response assessment to these therapies including the conventional treatment.
Burnout and work satisfaction are differentially associated in gastroenterologists in Germany
Authors: Adarkwah Charles Christian , Labenz Joachim , Hirsch Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Background:Burnout in the field of gastroenterology is an under-researched phenomenon. So far, only a few studies have dealt with this topic. There are large geographical variations in burnout rates with 16–20% of gastroenterologists in Mexico and Germany being at risk or having burnout, 30–40% in the United Kingdom, and 50–55% in South Korea, Canada, and the USA. The investigation of differential associations of burnout with important factors in gastroenterologists leading to tailored therapy recommendations is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the associations between work satisfaction and burnout in this specialization.Methods:We distributed an electronic survey to gastroenterologists organized mainly in the Federal Organization of Gastroenterology in Germany (the BVGD - Bundesverband Gastroenterologie Deutschland). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Work Satisfaction Questionnaire (WSQ) were examined regarding their postulated internal structure in our sample of gastroenterologists. Canonical correlations were performed to examine the association between work satisfaction and burnout in endoscopy physicians.Results:An acceptable model fit was shown for both the MBI and the Work Satisfaction Questionnaire. The canonical correlation analysis resulted in two statistically significant canonical functions with correlations of .62 (p<.001) and .27 (p<.001). The full model across all functions was significant (χ2(18) = 386.26, p<.001). Burden, personal rewards, and global item regarding the job situation were good predictors for less exhaustion, while patient care and professional relations were good predictors for personal accomplishment. This supports the recognition of burnout as being a multidimensional construct which has to be thoroughly diagnosed.Conclusions:Specific interventions should be designed to improve symptoms of burnout in endoscopy physicians according to their individual complaints as burnout is a multidimensional construct. Differential interventions should be offered on the basis of our study results in order to alleviate the issue of work satisfaction and burnout in endoscopy physicians.
Discrimination of the SARS–CoV-2 strains using of coloured s-LASCA-imaging of GB-speckles, developed for the gene “S” nucleotide sequences
Authors: Ulianova Onega , Saltykov Yury , Ulyanov Sergey , Zaytsev Sergey , Ulyanov Alexander , Feodorova Valentina 
Published: June 2022

Background: A recent bioinformatics technique involves changing nucleotide sequences into 2D speckles. This technique produces speckles called GB-speckles (Gene Based speckles). All classical strategies of speckle-optics, namely speckle-interferometry, subtraction of speckle-images as well as speckle-correlometry have been inferred for processing of GB-speckles. This indicates the considerable improvement in the present tools of bioinformatics. Methods: Colour s-LASCA imaging of virtual laser GB-speckles, a new method of high discrimination and typing of pathogenic viruses, has been developed. This method has been adapted to the detecting of natural mutations in nucleotide sequences, related to the spike glycoprotein (coding the gene «S») of SARS–CoV-2 gene as the molecular target. Results: The rate of the colouring images of virtual laser GB-speckles generated by s-LASCA can be described by the specific value of R. If the nucleotide sequences compared utilizing this approach the relevant images are completely identical, then the three components of the resulting colour image will be identical, and therefore the value of R will be equal to zero. However, if there are at least minimal differences in the matched nucleotide sequences, then the value of R will be positive. Conclusion: The high effectiveness of an application of the colour images of GB-speckles that were generated by s-LASCA- has been demonstrated for discrimination between different variants of the SARS–CoV-2 spike glycoprotein gene.
Case Report: Recurrent retinal vein occlusion as the first clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a male patient
Authors: Ben Brahim Marwa , Arfa Sondes , Boubaker Fadia , Chelly Jihen , Ammari Wafa , Hammami Sonia , Arbi Fatma , Berriche Olfa 
Published: June 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread clinical manifestations and immunological disorders. A myriad of ocular manifestations can be seen in patients with SLE. The most vision-threatening complication is vaso-occlusive retinopathy including retinal vein occlusion (RVO). RVO associated with SLE is well described in the literature and its association with antiphospholipid antibodies is recognized. However, RVO as the initial manifestation of SLE is scarcely reported. Herein, we report the first case of recurrent RVO as the revealing manifestation of SLE in a 40-year-old male patient. He had two consecutive episodes of decreased vision. Ophthalmologic examination disclosed a branch retinal vein occlusion the first time and a central retinal vein occlusion the second time. The diagnosis of SLE was established based on clinical and immunological criteria. He was prescribed antiplatelet therapy, hydroxychloroquine at 5.5 mg/kg/day, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies regimen. He slowly improved under treatment.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for adults with stroke and transient ischaemic attack: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burton Edel , Aladkhen Johnny , O’Donnell Cathal , Masterson Siobhán , Merwick Aine , McCarthy Vera JC , Kearney Patricia M , Buckley Claire M 
Published: June 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on health service provision worldwide, including care for acute time sensitive conditions. Stroke and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) are particularly vulnerable to pressures on healthcare delivery as they require immediate diagnosis and treatment. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for stroke/TIA is still largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for stroke and TIA. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review is registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022315260). Peer-reviewed quantitative studies comparing prehospital emergency care for adults with stroke/TIA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic will be considered for inclusion. The outcomes of interest are ambulance times and emergency call volumes for stroke/TIA. A systematic search of databases including PubMed, Embase and Scopus will be conducted. Two authors will independently screen studies for inclusion based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment will be conducted by two authors. Meta-analysis will be performed to calculate overall pooled estimates of ambulance times (primary outcome) and stroke/TIA call volumes (secondary outcome), where appropriate. Where heterogeneity is low a fixed-effects model will be used and where heterogeneity is high a random-effects model will be used. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will include location, stroke/TIA diagnosis and COVID-19 case numbers. Results: Data on primary and secondary outcomes will be provided. Results of subgroup/sensitivity analyses and quality assessment will also be presented. Conclusions: This review will identify existing evidence reporting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency care for adult patients with stroke/TIA and provide summary estimates of effects on ambulance response times.
Algunos apuntes de la reforma a la Ley de Ejecución Penal: visiones desde la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Sicardi Mariano , Di Pino Canela 
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es mapear los artículos más trascendentes relativos a las reformas introducidas a la Ley de Ejecución de la Pena Privativa de la Libertad (ley n° 24.660) entre 2004 y 2017. Estas decisiones legislativas las pondremos en diálogo con las decisiones más relevantes de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en cuestiones referidas a estándares de ejecución de la pena y condiciones de detención. Finalmente, mostraremos que las reformas menoscaban el principio de progresividad de la pena y producen problemas en las condiciones materiales de la vida dentro de las prisiones.
Spaces of Racialization: Ireland’s Direct Provision Asylum Centres as Sites of Racialized State Violence
Authors: Lentin Ronit 
Published: June 2022

Since November 1999, people arriving in Ireland to seek asylum have been dispersed throughout the country and confined in Direct Provision (DP) accommodation centres. Though initially meant for a six-month stay, by May 2020 7,700 people were living in 85 DP and emergency accommodation centres, many of them for up to nine years. The centres are operated by for-profit private companies who have been paid 1.6 billion euros since 2000, and are mostly sited in remote locations outside cities, on the periphery of society. The confinement of asylum seekers has been disavowed by state and society and continues the disavowal by Irish state and society of the coercive confinement of unwed mothers and poor children in church-run institutions, where women and children were confined and enslaved until late in the twentieth century.This article is based on interviews with and publicly available testimonies of asylum seekers in Direct Provision and on public and social media statements by the Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland (MASI). It theorizes the DP centres as racialized zones of nonbeing (Fanon 1967: 8) and the DP regime as racialized state violence. The segregation and racialization of asylum seekers in Direct Provision were poignantly demonstrated by asylum seekers’ inability to observe social distancing in overcrowded DP centres during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, leading to a considerable number of them being infected.