bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Wastewater Management for Health and Valorization: A Design Manual for Resource Challenged Cities
Authors: Oakley Stewart M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adequate wastewater treatment in low to medium income cities worldwide has largely been a failure despite decades of funding. The still dominant end-of-pipe paradigm of treatment for surface water discharge, focusing principally on removal of organic matter, has not addressed the well-published problems of pathogen and nutrient release with continued contamination of surface waters.
This book incorporates the new paradigm of integrated wastewater management for valorization without surface water discharge using waste stabilization pond systems and wastewater reservoirs. In this paradigm the purpose of treatment is to protect health by reducing pathogens to produce an effluent that is valorized for its fertilizer and water value for agriculture and aquaculture. Methane production as a sustainable energy source is also considered for those applications where it is appropriate. Emphasis is on sustainable engineering solutions for low to medium income cities worldwide.
Chapters present the theory of design, followed by design procedures, example design problems, and case study examples with data, diagrams and photos of operating systems. Excel spreadsheets and the FAO program CLIMWAT/CROPWAT are included in examples throughout. Sections on engineering practice include technical training, operation and maintenance requirements, construction and sustainability. The book incorporates design and operating data and case studies from Africa, Australia, Latin America, Europe, New Zealand, and the US, including studies that have been published in French, Portuguese, and Spanish.
The book is designed for upper-division and graduate level engineering students, practicing engineers, regulatory professionals who help establish and enforce effluent standards, international development professionals, and policy stakeholders.
ISBN: 9781789061529 (paperback)
ISBN: 9781789061536 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781789061543 (ePUB)
The key role for groundwater in urban water-supply security
Authors: Foster Stephen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Groundwater provides nearly 50% of urban water supply, and probably a higher proportion at times of water stress. Groundwater systems generally exhibit exceptional resilience to drought and are well positioned to enhance water security for a wide range of users, provided they are adequately managed and protected to play the role sustainably. The serious urban water-supply crises of recent years, such as those experienced by Cape Town, Săo Paulo, and Chennai, have highlighted the vulnerability of major cities to surface water drought and a failure to incorporate groundwater as a key element to enhance water-supply security. But some progress has been made worldwide in adaptive sustainable management of groundwater for urban water supply, and this is illustrated by the cases of Hamburg, Lima, and Bangkok.
Prediction of future groundwater levels under representative concentration pathway scenarios using an inclusive multiple model coupled with artificial neural networks
Authors: Ehteram Mohammad , Kalantari Zahra , Ferreira Carla Sofia , Chau Kwok-Wing , Emami Seyed-Mohammad-Kazem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Groundwater (GW) plays a key role in water supply in basins. As global warming and climate change affect groundwater level (GWL), it is important to predict it for planning and managing water resources. This study investigates the GWL of the Yazd-Ardakan Plain basin in Iran for the base period of 1979–2005 and predicts for periods of 2020–2059 and 2060–2099. Lagged temperature and rainfall are used as inputs to hybrid and standalone artificial neural network (ANN) models. In this study, the rat swarm algorithm (RSA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to adjust ANN models. The outcomes of these models are then entered into an inclusive multiple model (IMM) as an ensemble model. In this study, the output of climate models is also inserted into the IMM model to improve the estimation accuracy of temperature, rainfall, and GWL. The monthly average temperature for the base period is 12.9 °C, while average temperatures for 2020–2059 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios are 14.5 and 15.1 °C, and for 2060–2099 they are 16.41 and 18.5 °C under the same scenarios, respectively. In future periods, rainfall is low in comparison with the base period. Lagged rainfall and temperature of the base period are inserted into ANN-RSA, ANN-SSA, ANN-PSO, ANN-GA, and ANN models to predict GWL for the base period. Outputs of IMM, ANN, and the five hybrid models (ANN-RSA, ANN-SSA, ANN-PSO, and ANN-GA) indicate that root mean square errors (RMSE) are 2.12, 3.2, 4.58, 6.12, 6.98, and 7.89 m, respectively, in the testing level. It is found that GWL depletion in 2020–2059 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios are 0.60–0.88 m and 0.80–1.16 m, and in 2060–2099 under the same scenarios they are 1.49–1.97 m and 1.75–1.98 m, respectively. The results highlight the need to prevent overexploitation of GW in the Ardakan-Yazd Plain to avoid water shortages in the future.
Rainfall extremes under climate change in the Pasak River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Nontikansak Piyanuch , Shrestha Sangam , Shanmugam Mohana Sundaram , Loc Ho Huu , Virdis Salvatore G. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes in extreme rainfall tend to be magnified into unpredictable fluctuations in runoff, leading to flooding and drought in the Pasak River Basin of Thailand. Moreover, it also affects the operation of the existing infrastructure. Therefore, it is important to monitor changes in the extreme rainfall events and integrate them into planning and operations with the additional challenges posed by climate change. In this study, rainfall data at the ten observed stations across the basin was used to assess the extreme rainfall indices over the baseline period 1985–2014. The five new CMIP6 global climate model datasets and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways of SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 were selected to project the future climate scenarios from 2023 to 2100. The extreme rainfall indices trends are analysed using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope, while the IDW technique is adopted to visualise the spatial trends. The results show that most of the rainfall indices in low-altitude areas are higher than in high-altitude areas, except for the duration-based indices CWD and CDD. The observed extreme rainfall shows a larger variation than that predicted by climate models. The very high greenhouse gas emissions exhibited by the SSP5-8.5 scenario contribute to greater uncertainty in future extreme rainfall for plain areas than in high-altitude areas. The Pasak River Basin is expected to experience wet rather than dry climates in the future. The spatial trends from past and future periods highlight the significant increasing trends in the area where the Pasak Jolasid reservoir is located. The results of this study will benefit policymakers in a position to reduce future climate vulnerabilities and can be used for building local adaptation strategies in response to long-term climate change.
Study of Health in Primary Care of the Amazonas Population: Protocol for an Observational Study on Diabetes Management in Brazil
Authors: de Leon Elisa Brosina , Campos Hércules Lázaro Morais , Brito Fabiana Almeida , Almeida Fabio Araujo 
Published: September 2022

Background
Changes in the profiles of patients have significant impacts on the health care system. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) prevention and management should be studied in different contexts.

Objective
The Study of Health in Primary Care for the Amazonas Population (SAPPA) primarily aims to describe T2DM prevention and management actions offered by primary health care settings in Brazil and whether the care delivered is consistent with the chronic care model (CCM). Second, the study aims to examine the impact of T2DM management actions on health and lifestyle, and third, to understand how sociodemographic characteristics, health, and subjective outcomes impact diabetes management.

Methods
As part of this observational study, managers and health professionals complete a questionnaire containing information about T2DM prevention and management actions and CCM dimensions. During in-home visits, patients are asked about their health, lifestyle, sociodemographics, diabetes care, and subjective variables.

Results
A total of 34 managers, 1560 professional health workers, and 955 patients will be recruited. The data collection will be completed in October 2022.

Conclusions
The SAPPA is an observational study that intends to understand the T2DM management process in primary health care, including planning, execution, reach, and impact on patient motivation and adherence.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/37572
A Smartphone App to Promote Patient Activation and Support Shared Decision-making in People With a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia in Outpatient Treatment Settings (Momentum Trial): Randomized Controlled Assessor-Blinded Trial
Authors: Vitger Tobias , Hjorthøj Carsten , Austin Stephen F , Petersen Lone , Tønder Esben Sandvik , Nordentoft Merete , Korsbek Lisa 
Published: September 2022

Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process aimed at facilitating patient-centered care by ensuring that the patient and provider are actively involved in treatment decisions. In mental health care, SDM has been advocated as a means for the patient to gain or regain control and responsibility over their life and recovery process. To support the process of patient-centered care and SDM, digital tools may have advantages in terms of accessibility, structure, and reminders.

Objective
In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to investigate the effect of a digital tool to support patient activation and SDM.

Methods
The trial was designed as a randomized, assessor-blinded, 2-armed, parallel-group multicenter trial investigating the use of a digital SDM intervention for 6 months compared with treatment as usual. Participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizotypal or delusional disorder were recruited from 9 outpatient treatment sites in the Capital Region of Denmark. The primary outcome was the self-reported level of activation at the postintervention time point. The secondary outcomes included self-efficacy, hope, working alliance, satisfaction, preparedness for treatment consultation, symptom severity, and level of functioning. Explorative outcomes on the effect of the intervention at the midintervention time point along with objective data on the use of the digital tool were collected.

Results
In total, 194 participants were included. The intention-to-treat analysis revealed a statistically significant effect favoring the intervention group on patient activation (mean difference 4.39, 95% CI 0.99-7.79; Cohen d=0.33; P=.01), confidence in communicating with one’s provider (mean difference 1.85, 95% CI 0.01-3.69; Cohen d=0.24; P=.05), and feeling prepared for decision-making (mean difference 5.12, 95% CI 0.16-10.08; Cohen d=0.27; P=.04). We found no effect of the digital SDM tool on treatment satisfaction, hope, self-efficacy, working alliance, severity of symptoms, level of functioning, use of antipsychotic medicine, and number or length of psychiatric hospital admissions.

Conclusions
This trial showed a significant effect of a digital SDM tool on the subjective level of patient activation, confidence in communicating with one’s provider, and feeling prepared for decision-making at the postintervention time point. The effect size was smaller than the 0.42 effect size that we had anticipated and sampled for. The trial contributes to the evidence on how digital tools may support patient-centered care and SDM in mental health care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03554655; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03554655

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2143-2
INNOVATIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE SKIN
Authors: Türkmen Ayyüce , Esentürk-Güzel İmren , Kara Bilge Ahsen 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Skin is the organ of the body that is exposed mostly to the microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are usually responsible for the infection of the skin. Due to lack of penetration through the stratum corneum of conventional systems used in infectious diseases of the skin leads to a decrease in bioavailability. For this reason, nanoscale drug delivery systems that could be used in infectious diseases of the skin are currently being investigated.
Areas covered: In this review, innovative studies conducted over the years are presented. New topical formulations such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, liposomes, nanofibers and micelles etc are widely used and topic of research for many researchers.
Conclusion: Studies have shown that the smaller size and control of these delivery systems provide more effective treatment by increasing drug penetration into the skin. It has been found that drug delivery systems provide a better antimicrobial effect, especially in resistant infections caused by MRSA.
Keywords: drug delivery systems, modified release dosage forms, skin infectious diseases, topical.

Peer Review History:
Received: 17 July 2022; Revised: 16 August; Accepted: 4 September, Available online: 15 September 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
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Authors: Lubis Zulhaida , Jumirah Jumirah , Ulfa Atikah , Berutu Ros Idah Rohna 
Published: September 2022

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Authors: Campoy Luis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a new and emerging concept in human medicine that involves rethinking the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. The ultimate, overarching aim is to improve patient outcome following surgery and, thus, return to a normal daily routine as soon as possible. The development and implementation of locoregional anesthetic techniques in humans is one of the key elements driving these protocols. In veterinary medicine, we are no exception: the rapidly growing interest, development, and refinement of these techniques in our veterinary species is changing the way we think of anesthesia and analgesia. The potential real benefits are yet to be determined, as this concept is implemented into our veterinary hospitals in general, and our surgical patients in particular, in a more systematic and routine way. In this article, we will introduce the reader to the concept of ERAS protocols and the role of regional anesthesia in some common surgical procedures.
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Published: September 2022

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Published: September 2022

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Published: September 2022

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