bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique microbiome in organic matter–polluted urban rivers
Authors: Liang Zhiwei , Abdillah Ayik , Fang Wenwen , Qiu Rongliang , Mai Bixian , He Zhili , Juneau Philippe , Gomes Marcelo Pedrosa , Priadi Cindy Rianti , Wang Shanquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractApproximately half of the global annual production of wastewater is released untreated into aquatic environments, which results in worldwide organic matter pollution in urban rivers, especially in highly populated developing countries. Nonetheless, information on microbial community assembly and assembly‐driving processes in organic matter–polluted urban rivers remains elusive. In this study, a field study based on water and sediment samples collected from 200 organic matter–polluted urban rivers of 82 cities in China and Indonesia is combined with laboratory water‐sediment column experiments. Our findings demonstrate a unique microbiome in these urban rivers. Among the community assembly‐regulating factors, both organic matter and geographic conditions play major roles in determining prokaryotic and eukaryotic community assemblies, especially regarding the critical role of organic matter in regulating taxonomic composition. Using a dissimilarity‐overlap approach, we found universality in the dynamics of water and sediment community assembly in organic matter–polluted urban rivers, which is distinctively different from patterns in eutrophic and oligotrophic waters. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities are dominated by deterministic and stochastic processes, respectively. Interestingly, water prokaryotic communities showed a three‐phase cyclic succession of the community assembly process before, during, and after organic matter pollution. Our study provides the first large‐scale and comprehensive insight into the prokaryotic and eukaryotic community assembly in organic matter–polluted urban rivers and supports their future sustainable management.
Systematic review of locking solutions for non‐tunneled hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Boucley Isabelle , Dargent Auguste , Andreu Pascal , Roudaut Jean‐Baptiste , Aptel François , Labruyère Marie , Jacquier Marine , Cransac Amélie , Quenot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a systematic review of studies investigating lock solutions for use in non‐tunneled hemodialysis catheters.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Cochrane databases from inception to June 11, 2021. Study inclusion criteria were: randomized trial or observational study, adults (>18 years), with acute kidney injury (AKI); and temporary non‐tunneled catheters. We recorded bleeding events, catheter dysfunction and complications.ResultsOf 649 studies identified, 6 were included (4 randomized, 1 non‐randomized trial, 1 retrospective cohort study; sample sizes 78–1496 patients). Citrate was compared to heparin in 4 studies, to saline in 1, and ethanol versus saline in 1. Event‐free survival of non‐tunneled catheters did not differ between groups. Catheter‐related infections and adverse events were less frequent with citrate locks, but reached statistical significance in only two studies.ConclusionExisting data are too heterogeneous to enable recommending one type of catheter lock over any other for non‐tunneled hemodialysis catheters.
Contribution of animal models to the mechanistic understanding of Alternative Pathway and Amplification Loop (AP/AL)‐driven Complement‐mediated Diseases
Authors: Gibson Beth G. , Cox Thomas E. , Marchbank Kevin J. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis review aimed to capture the key findings that animal models have provided around the role of the alternative pathway and amplification loop (AP/AL) in disease. Animal models, particularly mouse models, have been incredibly useful to define the role of complement and the alternative pathway in health and disease; for instance, the use of cobra venom factor and depletion of C3 provided the initial insight that complement was essential to generate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The development of knockout mice have further underlined the importance of the AP/AL in disease, with the FH knockout mouse paving the way for the first anti‐complement drugs. The impact from the development of FB, properdin, and C3 knockout mice closely follows this in terms of mechanistic understanding in disease. Indeed, our current understanding that complement plays a role in most conditions at one level or another is rooted in many of these in vivo studies. That C3, in particular, has roles beyond the obvious in innate and adaptive immunity, normal physiology, and cellular functions, with or without other recognized AP components, we would argue, only extends the reach of this arm of the complement system. Humanized mouse models also continue to play their part. Here, we argue that the animal models developed over the last few decades have truly helped define the role of the AP/AL in disease.
Levels of psychological capital among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Zhongqing , Zhang Xiangeng , Wang Fang , Jin Man , Teng Mei , He Hong , Wang Jialin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo systematically evaluate the available literature about overall levels of psychological capital among nurses.BackgroundPsychological capital is described as a positive mental state associated with nurses’ mental health, quality of care and patient outcomes.MethodsA search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), WanFang and Weipu Database from the inception of the databases until October 2021. Subsequently, two researchers identified and reviewed the literature and assessed the risk of bias. A random‐effects model was conducted to achieve pooled estimates of psychological capital scales.ResultsThe pooled mean score of the psychological capital scale was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.07–4.35). For subdimensions such as hope, optimism, self‐efficacy and resilience, the score was 4.12 (95% CI, 4.11–4.12), 4.34 (95% CI, 4.34–4.34), 4.50 (95% CI, 4.50–4.51) and 4.34 (95% CI, 4.33–4.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that nurses practising in Asia and intensive care units might have experienced lower psychological capital levels. In addition, significant differences were noted in studies with sample size and publication year. Studies with a large sample size reported a higher psychological capital than those with a small sample size. The pooled mean scores of psychological capital were higher in 2014–2018 than in 2019–2021. Meta‐regression further revealed that geographic regions of participants might be a source of heterogeneity, and the Asian region had 32.23% of the heterogeneity between studies, and the African region had 18.71%.ConclusionThis review is the first to synthesize published research and calculate a pooled score of psychological capital in nurses. These findings indicated that nurses reported a medium–high level of psychological capital, and there was significant heterogeneity.Implications for nursing policyAdministrators and policymakers should concentrate on nurses’ psychological capital and tactically integrate psychological capital into nursing vocational training programs.
Improving thermal stability of SiC whiskers via nanoscale Ti3SiC2 coatings
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Zou Ji , Wang Aiyang , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffects of SiC whiskers (SiCw) on the mechanical properties of composites largely depend on their thermal stability at high temperature. In this study, pure SiCw and Ti3SiC2 coated SiCw were thermal treated at 1600–1800°C for 1 h. Their phase assemblage, morphology, and structural evolution were investigated. Oxygen partial pressures in the graphite furnace resulted in the breakdown of SiCw into particles at 1600°C, and the degradation became more pronounced with temperature increasing. The thermal stability of SiC whiskers at 1600–1700°C was significantly improved by a thin Ti3SiC2 coating on them, as both thermodynamic calculations and experimental observations suggest Ti3SiC2 coating could be preferentially oxidized/decomposed, prior to the active oxidation of SiC. At 1800°C, the protective role of the coating on the whiskers became weakened. SiC was converted into gaseous SiO and CO, with the remaining of interconnected TiC micro‐rods and amorphous carbon.
Synthesis of Mg‐stabilized nitrogen‐rich alpha‐sialons along Si3N4–0.5Mg3N2:3AlN line via field‐assisted sintering
Authors: Ahmed Bilal Anjum , Laoui Tahar , Hakeem Abbas Saeed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study reports for the first time the synthesis and evaluation of magnesium (Mg)‐doped nitrogen‐rich (N‐rich) sialon ceramics exploring the possible existence of Mg‐stabilized single‐phase alpha‐sialon (on the Mg‐alpha‐sialon plane). Mg‐stabilized N‐rich sialons, with the general formula of MgxSi12−2xAl2xN16 having x value in the range of 0.2–2.2 for the composition laying along the Si3N4–0.5Mg3N2:3AlN line, were synthesized at 1500°C, using nano‐size starting powder precursors and field‐assisted (or spark plasma) sintering technique. Consolidated sialon ceramic samples were characterized for their microstructure, phase stability regime, and physical and mechanical properties. Although a relatively low synthesis temperature was adopted, well densified sialon samples were achieved; however, the densification of the samples became difficult with a higher x value (containing high Mg3N2/AlN content). Contrary to what was expected to take place, a single‐phase Mg‐doped sialon was not obtained near the N‐rich line (on Mg‐alpha‐sialon plane). Such distinctive behavior in Mg‐doped sialons was supposed to be due to the formation of a highly stable Mg‐containing aluminum nitride polytype phase, which consumed most of the high‐temperature transient liquid phase. Mg‐doped N‐rich sialon sample having the maximum amount of alpha phase depicted a remarkable hardness (HV10) of 21.4 GPa and a fracture toughness of 3.5 MPa m1/2.
The Values of the Virtual
Authors: Ali Rami 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHow do we assign values to virtual items, which include virtual objects, properties, events, subjects, worlds, environments, and experiences? In this article, I offer a framework for answering this question. After considering different value theses in the literature, I argue that whether we think these theses mutually exclusive or not turns on our view about the number of value‐salient kinds virtual items belong to. Virtual monism is the view that virtual Xs belong to only one value‐salient kind in relation to X. Virtual pluralism is the view that they belong to more than one value‐salient kind. I argue for two claims. First, virtual monism is mistaken. Minimally some virtual Xs are Xs, while others are not. Second, dualistic virtual pluralism is also mistaken because it is too coarse grained. Instead, I argue for fourfold pluralism: virtual items either represent an original's properties or reproduce essential properties and do so to lesser or greater extents. This gives us four value‐salient kinds of virtual X: virtual reproductions, simulations, representations, and simulacra of X. I apply this view to various debates in the literature and conclude with a discussion of less basic hybrid kinds.
Environmental rebound effect of wind and solar technologies in the Colombian household sector
Authors: Vélez‐Henao Johan‐Andrés , García‐Mazo Claudia‐María 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDecarbonizing the national energy system by increasing the amount of non‐conventional renewable resources (NCRRs) is one of the strategies of the Colombian government to meet the compromises declared in the last conference of the parties (COP 26) (Glasgow 2021). Concretely, it is expected that at the end of 2023, the shares of NCRRs in the power grid will increase from <1% to 12% through wind and solar power. However, the expected environmental savings may be partially or totally offset by the environmental rebound effect (ERE). This study assesses the ERE generated in the household sector due to increased shares of wind and solar power in the Colombian power grid. Our results reveal an ERE between 1.9% and 8.2% for the climate change (CC) category, which depends on the model (wind or solar) and the approach applied to test it. Backfire effects were observed in all the models for the respiratory effects impact category with levels ranging from 119,469% to 376,605%. Service sectors contribute with about 27% (combined approach) and 47% (single approach) of the total ERE in the CC impact category. We highlight the importance of rebound mitigation policies to mitigate the potential negative effects of the ERE and the reinforcement of desired effects such as economic growth and social welfare.
The evolution of biomass flows in Bangladesh (1961–2019): Providing insights for Bangladesh's transition to a sustainable circular bioeconomy
Authors: Arman Afra Bashira Binth , Krausmann Fridolin , Hossain Mohammad Mosharraf , Sujauddin Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transition toward a circular bioeconomy requires policy directives based on comprehensive research on biomass in the context of region‐specific economic, societal, and environmental realities. Bangladesh, a densely populated country with an agrarian economy morphing rapidly into an industrial one, needs a critical evaluation of its biomass metabolism to enable local and global policy stakeholders in setting rational biomass‐associated targets with policy pushes to achieve them. This article addresses the apparent research gap in the bioeconomy aspiration of Bangladesh by applying a systems perspective to quantify the extraction and use of biomass through economy‐wide material flow analysis. The results indicate a twofold increase in domestic extraction of biomass in Bangladesh between 1961 and 2019. Bangladesh shows one of the highest rates of biomass extraction worldwide—a staggering 13 t/ha in 2019. Although the import dependency (currently at 9% of domestic material input) and consumption of animal products (4% of total calorie supply in 2018) in the country are comparatively low, both are increasing at scale. A further increase in the demand for food, in particular animal products, is evident from trends in population growth and dietary change. Apparently, the scope to expand the production of primary biomass for material and energy application seems limited. Rather, as the outcomes of this paper entail, circular bioeconomy strategies for Bangladesh should focus on creating a resilient and sustainable food system, reducing waste flows, cascadic use of crop residues, and so on, taking trade‐offs between ecological, social, and economic goals into account.
Professional identity, job satisfaction, and intention to stay among clinical nurses during the prolonged COVID‐19 pandemic: A mediation analysis
Authors: Hanum Ardani Latifah , Hu Qiulan , Wei Wei , Zhou Huilin , Ma Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine the relationship between professional identity and job satisfaction and their impact on intention to stay among clinical nurses in China during the prolonged COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted from April 30 to May 25, 2021, in China. Data were collected using professional identity, job satisfaction, and intention to stay questionnaires from 1425 clinical nurses. A single mediation analysis was utilized to test the interrelationship among the variables, and the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist as a reporting guide.ResultsNurses indicated a medium level of professional identity, job satisfaction, and intention to stay, with mean scores of 3.85, 3.25, and 3.47, respectively. The professional identity displayed positive indirect effect on nurses' intention to stay through job satisfaction (indirect effect = 0.498, 95% CI [0.439, 0.558]).ConclusionCultivating professional identity among nurses can increase their job satisfaction and ultimately enhance the intention to stay in the nursing profession. However, this study also suggests paying more attention to job satisfaction to keep nursing retention. These may be helpful to retain the nursing workforce.
HIV‐induced bystander cell death in astrocytes requires cell‐to‐cell viral transmission
Authors: Cevallos Cintia , Ojeda Diego S. , Sánchez Lautaro , Urquiza Javier , Delpino María Victoria , Quarleri Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuroinvasion occurs early after infection through the trafficking of virus‐infected immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and viral dissemination into the brain. There, it can infect resident brain cells including astrocytes, the most abundant cell type that is crucial to brain homeostasis. In this report, we examined the HIV‐related mechanism able to induce bystander cell death in astrocytes mediated by cell‐to‐cell contact with productively infected (PI) ones. We first demonstrate that HIV‐induced bystander cell death involves mitochondrial dysfunction that promotes exacerbated reactive oxygen species production. Such a phenomenon is a contagious cell death that requires contact with HIV‐PI astrocytes that trigger caspase‐dependent (apoptosis and pyroptosis) and caspase‐independent cell death pathways. The HIV accessory proteins Nef, Vpu, and Vpr counteract astrocyte death among PI cells but, in contrast, participate to promote contagious bystander cell death by inducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Our findings indicate that astrocytes PI by HIV became capable to counteract infection‐derived death signals, surviving, and spreading the bystander cell death into neighboring uninfected cells by a cell‐to‐cell contact‐dependent mechanism. Considering that astrocytes have been proposed as a long‐term HIV reservoir in the CNS, ascertaining the mechanism of survival and contagious bystander death will afford clear targets in the current goal to achieve a functional cure.image
Automated detection of smiles as discrete episodes
Authors: Mohammed Hisham , Kumar Reginald , Bennani Hamza , Halberstadt Jamin B. , Farella Mauro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients seeking restorative and orthodontic treatment expect an improvement in their smiles and oral health‐related quality of life. Nonetheless, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of dynamic smiles are yet to be understood.ObjectiveTo develop, validate, and introduce open‐access software for automated analysis of smiles in terms of their frequency, genuineness, duration, and intensity.Materials and MethodsA software script was developed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and artificial intelligence to assess activations of (1) cheek raiser, a marker of smile genuineness; (2) lip corner puller, a marker of smile intensity; and (3) perioral lip muscles, a marker of lips apart. Thirty study participants were asked to view a series of amusing videos. A full‐face video was recorded using a webcam. The onset and cessation of smile episodes were identified by two examiners trained with FACS coding. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was then used to assess detection accuracy and optimise thresholding. The videos of participants were then analysed off‐line to automatedly assess the features of smiles.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve for smile detection was 0.94, with a sensitivity of 82.9% and a specificity of 89.7%. The software correctly identified 90.0% of smile episodes. While watching the amusing videos, study participants smiled 1.6 (±0.8) times per minute.ConclusionsFeatures of smiles such as frequency, duration, genuineness, and intensity can be automatedly assessed with an acceptable level of accuracy. The software can be used to investigate the impact of oral conditions and their rehabilitation on smiles.
Reflections, research, and implications of decades of activism by educators to create a movement to address sexual harassment in K‐12 schools in the United States
Authors: Stein Nan D. , Taylor Bruce G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn organized response to sexual harassment (SH) in K‐12 schools in the US traces its development as a social movement to the larger women's rights movement in the late 1970s. It was an outgrowth of the social movement of feminist activists who protested and filed lawsuits to draw attention to SH in the workplace to gain recognition for the problem as one of equity for working women. The focus on SH in K‐12 schools did not begin as an academic pursuit or with an emphasis on research – rather shares its origins as an activist movement to rectify injustices. Authors document the unwritten history of this social movement, by examining the early roots to address and prevent SH in K‐12 schools. The authors review survey and intervention research from the initial movement through the past couple of decades, noting limitations and challenges for future efforts to prevent and eliminate SH in K‐12 schools. The role of youth activism in advancing the movement against SH in schools represents hope of a renewal of activism with a robust gendered perspective. Authors provide next steps for research and action.
Cacti fruit in the human diet: Sensory perceptions and interest of Brazilian consumers
Authors: Cardoso Patrick da Silva , Costa Lyvia Daim , Correia e Silva Larissa , dos Santos Conceição Luísa , Coqueiro Júlia Matos , Gularte Márcia Arocha , Ferreira‐Ribeiro Camila Duarte , Otero Deborah Murowaniecki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCactus fruits have distinctive sensory characteristics and are highly nutritious. Despite that, these unconventional food plants are little used and undervalued in the Brazilian diet. Therefore, this work aims to observe Brazilian participants' perceptions and interest in cactus fruit consumption. Thus, an online survey was applied to identify these foods' frequency, motivation, and forms of consumption. To analyze consumers' perception, a free‐word association test about cactus fruits was carried out with the survey. The responses obtained from 611 participants revealed that few (36.8%) have already consumed it, motivated mainly by curiosity (41.4%). However, from the positive associations evidenced in the sensory test and the interest in experimenting (93.2%), it is observed that cactus fruits have a niche in the market due to their nutritional attributes and can be inserted fresh or as food products (e.g., jam/compote, juice, and ice cream) into the Brazilian diet.Practical ApplicationsThis study can promote the consumption and valorization of cactus fruits considering that they present nutritional characteristics beneficial to human health. Associated with Food and Nutritional Security, these fruits become an economically sustainable opportunity to be studied in new product development. Furthermore, the survey and the Free‐word Association Test can be used to guide the possible market niches with significant acceptance by the population. Thus, a profitable opportunity for consumption and marketing is evidenced, whether in nature, processed, or even new products, such as juices, teas, or bakery products.
Theory of cultural capital: Productive use of an unproductive activity
Authors: Lee Sam‐Ho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCultural capital is the term suggested to explain the phenomena that seemingly productivity‐irrelevant cultural activities may lead to better economic outcome for individuals. A simple model is proposed to explain the emergence of cultural capital. The cost of acquiring a cultural attribute plays a role in the emergence of cultural capital. The importance of cultural capital is compared between two groups distinguished by a natural attribute. The cultural capital in the economically worse‐performing group is more elitist in the sense that a smaller proportion of individuals acquire it due to the higher attainment costs. Welfare implications are also investigated.