bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between timing and adequacy of antibiotics and adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shetty Amith , Baker Jannah , Kabil Gladis , Saavedra Aldo , Suster Carl JE , Moscova Michelle , Iredell Jonathan , Li Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between the timing and adequacy of antibiotics administered to patients presenting with culture‐positive sepsis and septic shock to the ED and in‐hospital mortality and/or intensive care unit (ICU) admission.MethodsMulticentre retrospective cohort study of ED presentations at four metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia between January 2017 and November 2019. Encounters for patients aged ≥16 years meeting specified criteria for sepsis or septic shock with antibiotic administration within the first 6 h of presentation were included.ResultsOf 7611 encounters included in the study, 2328 (31%) were culture positive, and 2228 (29%) met the criteria for septic shock. In culture‐positive sepsis encounters, partial or inadequate antibiotic coverage was associated with higher risk of death or ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.06 and 1.95, 95% CI 1.28–2.99, respectively). This effect was not significant in septic shock encounters (AOR 1.10, 95% CI 0.64–1.88) with partial coverage and (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 0.81–3.3) inadequate coverage. Time to antibiotics was not significantly associated with the risk of mortality/ICU admission. This inference remained the same when analysis was restricted to cases with adequate antibiotic coverage.ConclusionsIn a large multicentre sample of patients with culture‐positive sepsis, inadequacy of antibiotics was associated with higher risk of in‐hospital mortality or ICU admission.
Gun violence is a public health crisis that needs more applied criminologists
Authors: Braga Anthony A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryGun violence was declared a “public health crisis” after shootings increased in many U.S. cities during the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The public health approach to gun violence prevention offers many advantages such as an applied research model, the mobilization of a wider range of stakeholders, and a commitment to harm reduction. Too often, however, the public health community seems unaware of criminological research on gun violence and avoids including criminal justice interventions in their comprehensive plans.Policy ImplicationsCommunities need immediate relief from the persistent trauma of repeated shootings. Criminal justice interventions represent important responses to outbreaks of gun violence that should be included among recommended public health programs intended to address proximate and upstream causes of gun violence. Gun violence prevention policy and practice would be strengthened by more deliberate attempts to foster complementary public health and criminology research and development collaborations. More applied criminologists need to become engaged in gun violence research to meet this call.
The effect of dairy proteins on the oral burn of capsaicin
Authors: Farah Brigitte A. , Hayes John E. , Coupland John N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study focused on the effect of binding of capsaicin by milk proteins on oral burn. The concentration of free, unbound capsaicin in 5 ppm capsaicin solution containing 0–5% (w/w) micellar casein or whey protein isolate was measured by extraction into hexadecane. The concentration of free capsaicin decreased linearly with protein concentration and the decrease was greater for casein than for whey protein. The intensity of the capsaicin burn in similar solutions was assessed by a large cohort (n = 89) of untrained participants in a time‐intensity study. The maximum burn intensity decreased with protein concentration and was lower for samples containing casein than for samples containing whey protein isolate. The maximum burn was linearly related to the free, unbound capsaicin concentration. When protein solutions (1–5% w/w) were used as rinses following exposure to a 5 ppm aqueous capsaicin solution, only the 5% (w/w) micellar casein solution was significantly more effective than the water rinse in reducing oral burn.
Effects of high temperature, high humidity, and cold storage on structure and qualities of whole oat flour noodles during processing
Authors: Zhang Yifu , Yang Tongliang , Chen Cheng , Wang Jiake , Qiang Siqi , Zhou Junjun , Li Shuhong , Chen Ye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGelation and structure of oat starch significantly affect qualities of whole oat flour noodles. During extrusion, the structure of noodles is loose, resulting in high cooking loss and poor texture. Therefore, oat noodles were treated with high temperature, high humidity (HTH), and cold storage (CS), and their structure and qualities were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CS, HTH could reduce the cooking loss of noodles from 10.12% to 6.13%, increase the hardness (65.59 g) and chewiness (20.67) of noodles, and effectively improve the sensory quality of noodles. The change in texture and sensory of noodles was due to HTH by accelerating the retrogradation of starch in noodles, promoting the cross‐linking of starch molecules to form an ordered structure, causing an increase in the ordered degree and crystallinity of starch and making the structure of noodles denser. It made the mobility of water in the noodles decrease, and more tightly bound water was transformed into weakly bound water and free water. HTH can be applied to industrial production of whole oat flour noodles. This study could effectively guide the production of high‐quality whole oat flour noodles without any food additives.
The regularity of anatomical variations of dominant pulmonary segments in the right upper lobe
Authors: Chen Zi‐Hao , Chu Xiang‐Peng , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Fu Rui , Kang Jin , Chen Jing‐Hua , Jiang Ben‐Yuan , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhong Wen‐Zhao , Nie Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnatomical variations often pose challenges to pulmonary surgery. Previous studies have mainly described the frequencies of bronchovascular anatomical variations in pulmonary segments, but did not determine the differences between pulmonary segments and the regularity behind these anatomical variations. Here, we attempted to investigate the regularity of bronchovascular anatomical variations in different pulmonary segments.MethodsThin‐slice enhanced computed tomography data of 800 cases from our center were included in this study. Digitalized three‐dimensional virtual lung segmentation was done, the dominant and inferior lung segments of the right upper lobe were defined, and the regularity of anatomical variations was explored.ResultsThe mean volume ratio of the anterior segment of the right upper lobe (39.6 ± 8.6%) was highest, and that of the posterior segment (28.6 ± 7.9%) was lowest. Therefore, the dominant‐type segment (DS + SDS) was dominant in the anterior segment, accounting for 74.6% (597/800), and the inferior‐type segment (SIS + IS) was dominant in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe, accounting for 71.5% of cases (573/800). During the transformation of dominant and inferior lung segments, the corresponding regularity of anatomical variations could be displayed. For example, with an increase in the volume of the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, the occurrence rate of the bifurcated type of bronchus (B1 + 2, B3), the “central vein type” and the involvement of the trunk inferior and ascending artery in the blood supply of anterior segment gradually increased.ConclusionsThe existence of dominant segments will increase the diversity of anatomical variations and the complexity of pulmonary segmentectomy.
Evaluating self‐reported retrospective average daily fruit, vegetable, and egg intake: Trustworthy—Sometimes!
Authors: Egele Viktoria S. , Klopp Eric , Stark Robin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRetrospective self‐reports are commonly used to assess dietary intake. Yet, their use is criticized as it is unclear whether the underlying assumptions for valid self‐reports are met: Individuals have to consider the behavior of all days in the retention interval and weigh the behavior of all days equally. This study examines whether these assumptions for retrospective self‐reports are met and whether interindividual differences in self‐report performance are relevant regarding these assumptions. Ninety‐two participants aged 18–61 years participated in seven sequential 24‐h recalls and one retrospective 7‐day recall concerning their intake of fruit, vegetables, and eggs. A multiple linear regression approach was used to examine the relation between the daily reported dietary intake and the 7‐day recall. In the overall sample, the requirements for retrospective self‐reports were not tenable. Distinguishing good and poor self‐reporters based on a rational criterion showed that the requirements can be taken as given for good self‐reporters, whereas poor self‐reporters base their retrospective self‐reports mostly on recency effects. The underlying requirements for retrospective self‐reports appear to be met in two thirds of the sample, supporting the use of retrospective self‐reports to capture dietary behavior. Future research should investigate characteristics separating good from poor self‐reporters.
Biobanking of human biological material and the principle of noncommercialisation of the human body and its parts
Authors: Pawlikowska Joanna , Pawlikowski Jakub , Krekora‐Zając Dorota 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prohibition of commercialisation of the human body and its parts is not applied consistently and suffers from many exceptions in the human biological material (HBM) market. Examples include the possibility of patenting certain HBM‐derived products and their commercial marketing or payments for blood donations. Thus, the current practice of marketing HBM‐derived products makes the altruistic donor most vulnerable to exploitation while being deprived of benefits. There seem to be two ways to improve this state of affairs. The first is to apply consistently the prohibition of commercialisation of the body and its parts to commercially marketed tissue and cell products as well. This would require limiting the possibility of financial gain associated with the processing, distribution and sale of HBM‐based products. Such a solution, however, does not seem to gain wide acceptance or have a chance of implementation in the near future. Therefore, introducing more transparent rules and greater donor empowerment seems more reasonable by exempting HBM from the ban on commercialisation under certain conditions and with clear limitations.
Inference for the Dimension of a Regression Relationship Using Pseudo-Covariates
Authors: Huang Shih-Hao , Shedden Kerby , Chang Hsinwen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In data analysis using dimension reduction methods, the main goal is to summarize how the response is related to the covariates through a few linear combinations. One key issue is to determine the number of independent, relevant covariate combinations, which is the dimension of the sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) subspace. In this work, we propose an easily-applied approach to conduct inference for the dimension of the SDR subspace, based on augmentation of the covariate set with simulated pseudo-covariates. Applying the partitioning principal to the possible dimensions, we use rigorous sequential testing to select the dimensionality, by comparing the strength of the signal arising from the actual covariates to that appearing to arise from the pseudo-covariates. We show that under a “uniform direction” condition, our approach can be used in conjunction with several popular SDR methods, including sliced inverse regression. In these settings, the test statistic asymptotically follows a beta distribution and therefore is easily calibrated. Moreover, the family-wise type I error rate of our sequential testing is rigorously controlled. Simulation studies and an analysis of newborn anthropometric data demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach, and indicate that the power is comparable to or greater than the alternatives.
Relapses of multisystem/multifocal bone Langerhans cell histiocytosis in paediatric patients: Data analysis from the JLSG‐96/02 study
Authors: Sakamoto Kenichi , Morimoto Akira , Shioda Yoko , Imamura Toshihiko , Imashuku Shinsaku ,   the Japan LCH Study Group (JLSG)
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe assessed relapse patterns in paediatric patients with relapsed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) who were initially treated with the JLSG‐96/02 protocol. We analysed 187 relapse events in 101 relapsed LCH patients [31 with multifocal bone (MFB) and 70 with multisystem (MS) at LCH diagnosis] among a total 317 patients enrolled in JLSG‐96/‐02 studies. Relapse of LCH was defined as an exacerbation of the non‐active disease (NAD) condition. Of the 317 patients, 101 (31.9%) had the first relapse at 1.5 years after initiation of therapy. The first relapse and subsequent relapses did not differ between patients with MFB and MS disease. Of the 187 relapse events, relapse occurred as a single‐system disease (n = 159; 85%), in which isolated bone relapse (n = 104; 55%) was the most common. Relapse at MS disease with the risk of organ involvement is extremely rare. After relapse(s), most patients underwent chemotherapy (122/187; 65%) and 87% of them achieved NAD status again. The incidence of permanent consequences was significantly higher in patients with relapses than in those without relapses. In the JLSG cohort, bone relapse most occurred in both MFB and MS patients. Most relapses could be effectively controlled by repeated administration of the initial chemotherapy.
Histamine bidirectionally regulates the intrinsic excitability of parvalbumin‐positive neurons in the lateral globus pallidus and promotes motor behaviour
Authors: Qi Zeng‐Xin , Shen Kang‐Li , Peng Jian‐Ya , Fan Xiu‐Juan , Huang Hui‐Wei , Jiang Jian‐Lan , Lu Jian‐Hua , Wang Xiao‐Qin , Fang Xiao‐Xia , Chen Liang , Zhuang Qian‐Xing 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeParvalbumin (PV)‐positive neurons are a type of neuron in the lateral globus pallidus (LGP) which plays an important role in motor control. The present study investigated the effect of histamine on LGPPV neurons and motor behaviour.Experimental ApproachHistamine levels in LGP as well as its histaminergic innervation were determined through brain stimulation, microdialysis, anterograde tracing and immunostaining. Mechanisms of histamine action were detected by immunostaining, single‐cell qPCR, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording, optogenetic stimulation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing techniques. The effect of histamine on motor behaviour was detected by animal behavioural tests.Key ResultsA direct histaminergic innervation in LGP from the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and a histamine‐induced increase in the intrinsic excitability of LGPPV neurons were determined by pharmacological blockade or by genetic knockout of the histamine H1 receptor (H1R)‐coupled TWIK‐related potassium channel‐1 (TREK‐1) and the small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel (SK3), as well as by activation or overexpression of the histamine H2 receptor (H2R)‐coupled hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (HCN2). Histamine negatively regulated the STN → LGPGlu transmission in LGPPV neurons via the histamine H3 receptor (H3R), whereas blockage or knockout of H3R increased the intrinsic excitability of LGPPV neurons.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results indicated that the endogenous histaminergic innervation in the LGP can bidirectionally promote motor control by increasing the intrinsic excitability of LGPPV neurons through postsynaptic H1R and H2R, albeit its action was negatively regulated by the presynaptic H3R, thereby suggesting possible role of histamine in motor deficits manifested in Parkinson's disease (PD).
HNF1B‐driven three‐dimensional chromatin structure for molecular classification in pancreatic cancers
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Tateishi Keisuke , Iwadate Dosuke , Yamamoto Keisuke , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Nakatsuka Takuma , Kudo Yotaro , Hayakawa Yoku , Ijichi Hideaki , Otsuka Motoyuki , Kishikawa Takahiro , Takahashi Ryota , Miyabayashi Koji , Nakai Yousuke , Hirata Yoshihiro , Toyoda Atsushi , Morishita Shinichi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer (PC), either classical/progenitor‐like or basal/squamous‐like, are currently a major topic of research because of their direct association with clinical outcomes. Some transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to be associated with these subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which these molecular signatures of PCs are established remain unknown. Epigenetic regulatory processes, supported by dynamic changes in the chromatin structure, are essential for transcriptional profiles. Previously, we reported the importance of open chromatin profiles in the biological features and transcriptional status of PCs. Here, we aimed to analyze the relationships between three‐dimensional (3D) genome structures and the molecular subtypes of human PCs using Hi‐C analysis. We observed a correlation of the specific elements of 3D genome modules, including compartments, topologically associating domains, and enhancer‐promoter loops, with the expression of related genes. We focused on HNF1B, a TF that is implicated in the progenitor subtype. Forced expression of HNF1B in squamous‐type PC organoids induced the upregulation and downregulation of genes associated with progenitor and squamous subtypes, respectively. Long‐range genomic interactions induced by HNF1B were accompanied by compartment modulation and H3K27ac redistribution. We also found that these HNF1B‐induced changes in subtype‐related gene expression required an intrinsically disordered region, suggesting a possible involvement of phase separation in compartment modulation. Thus, mapping of 3D structural changes induced by TFs, such as HNF1B, may become a useful resource for further understanding the molecular features of PCs.
Application of multilevel models for predicting pain following root canal treatment
Authors: Du Mi , Haag Dandara Gabriela , Lynch John W. , Mittinty Murthy N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study developed predictive models for one‐week acute and six‐month persistent pain following root canal treatment (RCT). An additional aim was to study the gain in predictive efficacy of models containing clinical factors only, over models containing sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsA secondary data analysis of 708 patients who received RCTs was conducted. Three sets of predictors were used: (1)combinedset, containing all predictors in the data set; (2)clinicalset and (3)sociodemographicset. Missing data were handled by multiple imputation using the missing indicator method. The multilevel least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression was used to select predictors into the final multilevel logistic models. Three measures, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and precision‐recall curve (AUPRC) and calibration curves, were used to assess the predictive performance of the models.ResultsThe selected‐in factors in the final models, using LASSO regression, are related to pre‐ and intra‐treatment clinical symptoms and pain experience. Predictive performance of the models remained the same with the inclusion (exclusion) of the socio‐demographic factors. For predicting one‐week outcome, the model built withcombinedset of predictors yielded the highest AUROC and AUPRC of 0.85 and 0.72, followed by the models built withclinicalfactors (AUROC = 0.82, AUPRC = 0.66). The lowest predictive ability was found in models with onlysociodemographiccharacteristics (AUROC = 0.68, AUPRC = 0.40). Similar patterns were observed in predicting six‐month outcome, where the AUROC for models withcombined,clinicalandsociodemographicsets of predictors were 0.85, 0.89 and 0.66, respectively, and the AUPRC were 0.48, 0.53 and 0.22, respectively.ConclusionsClinical factors such as the severity and experience of pre‐operative and intra‐operative pain were discovered important to the subsequent development of pain following RCTs. Adding sociodemographic characteristics to the models with clinical factors did not change the models' predictive performance or the proportion of explained variance.
Abnormal brain functional network dynamics in sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy
Authors: Wan Xinyue , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Weina , Wu Xintong , Tan Qiaoyue , Su Xiaorui , Zhang Simin , Yang Xibiao , Li Shuang , Shao Hanbing , Yue Qiang , Gong Qiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to use resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to determine the temporal features of functional connectivity states and changes in connectivity strength in sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE).MethodsHigh‐resolution T1 and rs‐fMRI scanning were performed on all the subjects. We used a sliding‐window approach to construct a dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) network. The k‐means clustering method was performed to analyze specific FC states and related temporal properties. Finally, the connectivity strength between the components was analyzed using network‐based statistics (NBS) analysis. The correlations between the abovementioned measures and disease duration were analyzed.ResultsAfter k‐means clustering, the SHE patients mainly exhibited two dFC states. The frequency of state 1 was higher, which was characterized by stronger connections within the networks; state 2 occurred at a relatively low frequency, characterized by stronger connections between networks. SHE patients had greater fractional time and a mean dwell time in state 2 and had a larger number of state transitions. The NBS results showed that SHE patients had increased connectivity strength between networks. None of the properties was correlated with illness duration among patients with SHE.ConclusionThe patterns of dFC patterns may represent an adaptive and protective mode of the brain to deal with epileptic seizures.