bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical method for additional horizontal stress of isolation piles due to adjacent loading
Authors: Zhou Shunhua , Shan Yao , Wang Changdan , Yao Qiyu , Jia Yu , Lin Zihan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsolation piles are widely used to increase the horizontal resistance of high‐speed railway under adjacent loading in soft soils. This study proposes a theoretical model for horizontal additional stress of pile‐reinforced area subjected to adjacent loading. The isolation piles and the soil between piles in the reinforcement area are equivalent to a uniform medium in the proposed model. The Heaviside function is introduced to avoid the partition solution problem of pile‐reinforced area and the foundation soils. A combined method with the inverse Fourier transform, Gauss integral, Lagrange quadratic interpolation, and Simpson quadrature formula is employed in the calculation process. The theoretical model is validated by the finite element method. According to the calculated results, the distribution of horizontal additional stress is obtained. The horizontal soil displacements at the location of the railway increases in the depth range of 0–2.5 m and then gradually decreases. The proposed model with engineering significance is available for preliminary design of isolation piles.
Application of polyfunctional nanomaterials for 3D printing
Authors: Gaidar Sergey , Samusenkov Vadim , Strigin Sergey , Martínez‐García Rebeca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of 3D printing is becoming more and more popular, and new applications in extrusion and photopolymerization are being discovered every day. Due to the unidirectional action of the materials used, it is necessary to develop polyfunctional composites that provide a complex of extrusion and photopolymerization processes for 3D printing technology. The current problem of 3D printing application is the availability of ineffective composite materials with deteriorated mechanical and damping properties, which makes it difficult to use existing composite materials for application in 3D printing technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to create a biodegradable composite material based on polylactic acid and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with cellulose fibrils and plasticized with polyoxyethylene for possible application in extrusion, using the example of Maestro 3D printer. The study looked at mechanical, dynamic and thermal indicators. Except for the mechanical ones, all of the indicators tested out to be quite good. Thus, composite PLA: PHB (3:7) + 10% CFs demonstrated the highest glass transition temperature of 57°C. A 75% weight loss occurred at 373.58°C. In future, it is necessary to investigate alternative types of characteristics, modify the material's composition, or use it in applications where they are not critical. The scientific novelty of the work is the creation of a biodegradable composite material to study the properties of the composite material by extrusion for the purpose of application in 3D printing technologies.
Effect of biomass‐biochar content on the erosion wear performance of biochar epoxy composites
Authors: Minugu Om Prakash , Panchal Manoj , Gujjala Raghavendra , Ojha Shakuntala , Krzyzak Aneta , Kumar Dheeraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiomass waste processing with a potential to commercialization is always concern for achieving sustainable ecosystem. In the current work, biochar was extracted from the arhar stalks (AS) and bael shells (BS) biowaste which has carbon as major constituent. As a result, biochar in particle form has excellent mechanical and tribological properties and hence when combined with epoxy forms a composite with enhanced tribological properties. In this context, the biochar epoxy composites were prepared with three different compositions of 2, 4, and 6% wt, and characterized for adsorption and solid erosion wear studies. The adsorption studies conferred that BS biochar materials consist large Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area, that is, 294.3393 m2/g and pore volume of 0.13166 cm3/g comparative to AS biochar materials. It was observed from the results that BS based biochar epoxy composites displayed excellent enhancement in erosion wear resistance of about 52% comparative to pure epoxy that of AS at 2%. Alongside further increment in the composition of the biochar constituent to 4% exhibited semi ductile behavior with a peak wear rate at 45° impact angle. Applications pertaining to the realized composites in the current work is expected to meet the aerospace and automotive industries in specific.
Large‐area monoPoly solar cells on 110 μm thin c–Si wafers with a rear n+poly‐Si/SiOx stack deposited by inline plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Nandakumar Naomi , Rodriguez John W. , Padhamnath Pradeep , Nampalli Nitin , Aberle Armin G. , Duttagupta Shubham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an overview of SERIS' monoPoly technology on screen‐printed, M2‐size (244.4 cm2) n‐type bifacial silicon solar cells with a rear n+:poly‐Si/SiOx passivating contact stack, where the SiOx and n+:poly‐Si layers are fabricated by single‐side inline plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). We demonstrate the application of these stacks on thin (~110 μm) silicon wafers, giving an excellent open‐circuit voltage of 707 mV and an externally verified cell efficiency of 23.2% using commercial screen‐printed and fire‐through metal pastes. A detailed power analysis is presented, with a breakdown of the voltage and current losses. Finally, we share the progress on standard wafers with an efficiency of 23.8% achieved and present the outlook for this technology with a selective passivating contact stack at the front and a full‐area passivating contact stack at the rear.
Approximation of crime, poverty, and misery index across quasi‐democratic and dictatorship regimes in Pakistan: Static and dynamic analysis
Authors: Shah Aadil Hameed , Khan Atta Ullah , Saboor Abdul , Iftikhar‐ul‐Husnain Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study explores the nexus of crime rate, misery indices, and poverty in Pakistan for longer and shorter periods by using time series data (1965–2018). Granger causality and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approaches have been used to examine the long run and short run associations. Results indicate that all variables cause the crime rate unidirectionally, while the ARDL model states that misery index, poverty, and crime rate are cointegrated. Interestingly, any change in the poverty and misery index during the long run makes people violent, which ultimately fosters the crime rate. Finally, the error correction mechanism demonstrates the quick adjustment process and about 72% and 68% disequilibrium in crime rate from its equilibrium path is corrected every year. It is evident through the study results that democratic governments have been less effective than dictatorships to address the socioeconomic aspects of human life; rather functioning as a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
Dehydroandrographolide targets CD300f and negatively regulated MRGPRX2‐induced pseudo‐allergic reaction
Authors: Che Delu , Zheng Yi , Hou Yajing , Li Ting , Du Xueshan , Geng Songmei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediates mast cells (MCs) activation, which is a key target for the treatment of allergic diseases. However, there are few drugs targeting MRGPRX2. Leukocyte mono‐immunoglobulin‐like receptor 3 (CD300f) is a negative regulator of FcεRΙ‐mediated MC activation. However, the regulatory effect of CD300f on MRGPRX2 remains unclear. Dehydroandrographolide (DA) is a main contributor of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (family: Acanthaceae) have been shown to inhibit type I hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether DA negatively regulated MRGPRX2‐mediated MC activation via CD300f and showed therapeutic effect on pseudo‐allergic reactions. Mouse allergic models and MC degranulation were detected in vivo and in vitro, and inflammatory mediators were detected. siRNA interference and Biacore were used to verify the target. DA inhibited pseudo‐allergic reactions by reducing vasodilation and serum cytokine levels in mice and inhibited MRGPRX2‐mediated MC activation. The regulatory effect of DA was significantly decreased after the knockdown of CD300f expression. Moreover, DA upregulated the phosphorylation level of Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase (SHP)‐1 and SHP‐2, which are key kinases in the negative regulatory signaling pathways associated with CD300f. In conclusion, DA negatively regulates MRGPRX2‐mediated MC activation via CD300f to inhibit pseudo‐allergic reactions.
An unusual case of CTEPH treated by BPA in a patient with a single lung after cancer surgery
Authors: Darocha Szymon , Kurzyna Paweł , Banaszkiewicz‐Cyganik Marta , Kędzierski Piotr , Florczyk Michał , Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Zieliński Dariusz , Biederman Andrzej , Torbicki Adam , Kurzyna Marcin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 46‐year‐old man 1 year after left‐sided pneumonectomy for squamous cell lung cancer presented with severely limited exercise tolerance and dyspnea corresponding to World Health Organization functional class IV (WHO Class IV). After right heart catheterization (RHC), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 43 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 10.2 Wood units (WU). Arteriography revealed organized clots located at the proximal level of the right pulmonary artery, leading to a diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The CTEPH team disqualified the patient from surgical treatment due to high perioperative risk and referred him for balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) together with pulmonary hypertension‐specific pharmacotherapy (sildenafil). The patient underwent a cycle of nine BPA sessions and completed treatment without complications. Follow‐up showed sustained hemodynamic improvement in RHC (mPAP 23 mmHg, PVR 2.6 WU), improved physical capacity (WHO Class II), and relief of dyspnea symptoms.
Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Neem Seed to Produce Valuable Fuels over RFCC Catalyst: Process Development and Evaluation
Authors: Zhandnezhad Alireza , Saidi Majid , Taheri Najafabadi Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this research, thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of neem seed as a non‐edible feed has been investigated for the production of valuable chemicals including bio‐oil, bio‐char and bio‐gas. The sensitivity analysis of main operating parameters of thermal pyrolysis process including temperature (350–550 °C), reaction time (30–180 min) and heating rate (10–40 °C/min) on the major products yield has been performed and the optimum operating condition to maximize the bio‐oil production has been determined. The achieved results indicated that the maximum bio‐oil production yield is obtained at temperature of 450 °C. The bio‐oil production yield enhances with increasing the heating rate, whereas the process time in the considered range has not significant effect on the bio‐oil production yield. Since the main focus of this study was catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis‐derived bio‐oil to valuable fuels, catalytic pyrolysis of neem seeds over industrial RFCC catalyst has been examined using different catalyst loading in the range of 10–40 wt %. It is inferred that more aromatic compounds will be generated with increasing the RFCC catalyst loading which could be attributed to the presence of Al2O3 and zeolite in the catalyst structure. Also, the bio‐oil and bio‐gas production yields via catalytic pyrolysis process over 20 wt. % RFCC catalyst enhanced from 44.3 % to 49.5 % and 22.4 % to 27 % with increasing temperature from 350 and 450 °C, respectively.
Depression Effect of Thioglycolic Acid (TGA) on Flotation Separation of Molybdenite from Copper Sulfides with different Collectors: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Taheri Bijan , Hossein Darvishnejad Mohammad , Rezaei Farideh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the depression effect of thioglycolic acid (TGA) on chalcopyrite and pyrite in the presence of different collectors, including potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX), sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX), and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in the flotation separation of molybdenite from copper and iron sulfide minerals was evaluated by micro‐flotation and bench‐scale flotation experiments. Surface characterization and adsorption mechanism were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The flotation experiment results demonstrated that the depression effect of TGA depends on the type of collector applied in the previous stages. DFT calculation provided strong evidence for the results of experiments. It was found that both chalcopyrite and pyrite were effectively depressed in the selective flotation of molybdenite from copper and iron sulfides by TGA when PEX was used as the collector in the bulk flotation stage. It was also found that the use of MBT causes effective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite in the bulk flotation stage, however, its removal from the mineral surface by TGA was not as convenient as PEX.
Highly Capacitive Mesoporous Polyaniline Spheres as Scalable and High Electrochemical Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Singh Gyan , Alam Mashqoor , Kumar Yogesh , Husain Samina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article demonstrates morphological based fabrication of Polyaniline mesopores (PANIMS) via the standard polymerization approach using Triton as an additive and 0.1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte to achieve improved specific capacity (736 F g−1) in contrast to reported bulk PANI as well as PANI sphere morphologies. PANIMS1 exhibit long cyclic stability and capacitive retention ∼83 % in 0.1 M H2SO4 electrolyte after 5000 cycles. This easy and low‐cost fabrication of PANIMS was conducted by varying minimal amount of Triton in 0.1 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution to form mesopores. The adsorption and desorption isotherm of the mesopores suggests a specific surface area of 50.9 m2 g−1with a pore diameter of 2.2 nm. The protocol followed to form these PANIMS involves the variation of surfactant Triton to achieve sphere morphology thereby enhancing the charge storage property of PANI. These spheres also possess an enhanced electrical conductivity to be around ∼23 S/m than their bulk counterpart. The electrochemical assays show that there is excellent electrolyte ion penetration in the H2SO4 electrolyte which promotes a rapid ion transport to the PANIMS active sites. Also, a low value of Rct ∼2.17 Ω helps in giving a good capacitive performance of the PANIMS1 electrode. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows a phase degree at 68°, response frequency at 0.38 Hz and time constant at 2.63 s. The study shows the present mesopores morphology of PANI projects to be one of the good electrode candidates for supercapacitor applications.
Cost‐Effective Fabrication of Micro‐Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Polyethylene/Graphene Foam with Self‐Floating, Optical Trapping, Acid‐/Alkali Resistance for Efficient Photothermal Deicing and Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Xie Heng , Xu Wen‐Hua , Du Yu , Gong Jiang , Niu Ran , Wu Ting , Qu Jin‐Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar evaporation is one of the most attractive and sustainable approaches to address worldwide freshwater scarcity. Unfortunately, it is still a crucial challenge that needs to be confronted when the solar evaporator faces harsh application environments. Herein, a promising polymer molding method that combines melt blending and compression molding, namely micro extrusion compression molding, is proposed for the cost‐effective fabrication of lightweight polyethylene/graphene nanosheets (PE/GNs) foam with interconnected vapor escape channels and surface micro‐nanostructures. A contact angle of 155 ± 2°, a rolling angle of 5 ± 1° and reflectance of ≈1.6% in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm appears on the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface. More interestingly, the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface can maintain a robust superhydrophobic state under dynamic impacting, high temperature and acid‐/alkali solutions. These results mean that the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface possesses self‐cleaning, anti‐icing and photothermal deicing properties at the same time. Importantly, the foam exhibits an evaporation rate of 1.83 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 Sun illumination and excellent salt rejecting performance when it is used as a self‐floating solar evaporator. The proposed method provides an ideal and industrialized approach for the mass production of solar evaporators suitable for practical application environments.
Understanding the Formation of β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes and Their Use in Active Packaging Systems
Authors: Ravindran Maniam Manivannan Melvin , Loong Ye Heng , Samsudin Hayati 
Published: March 2022

Abstractβ‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is a 7‐glucose subunit macrocyclic compound that has enormous potential in a variety of fields. The ability of β‐CD to form an inclusion complex with a hydrophobic guest molecule that has food preserving properties (e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant) qualifies it for use in active packaging. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of β‐CD in extending the shelf‐life of packaged food through an antimicrobial/antioxidant mechanism that is not present in conventional packaging. Despite extensive research into the potential of β‐CD, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the formation of the inclusion complex by β‐CD and the factors that can affect the encapsulation efficiency. In this work, factors such as reactant medium, drying method, and type of guest molecule are discussed, as well as an overview of the use of the β‐CD inclusion complex in active packaging applications in terms of the guest compounds involved, the polymer host, and its effect on the quality and/or shelf stability of food products.
Diffusion model of sulfate ions in concrete based on pore change of cement mortar and its application in mesoscopic numerical simulation
Authors: Zhuang Yang , Liu Xinrong , Zhou Xiaohan , Du Libing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSulfate attack is a major cause of the deterioration of concrete structures. Accurately predicting the temporal and spatial distribution of sulfate ions in concrete is the basis for revealing the mechanism of concrete performance deterioration caused by sulfate attack. In this article, based on the pore change caused by sulfate damage to cement mortar, a diffusion model of sulfate ions in cement mortar considering changes in surface concentration was established. Furthermore, a two‐dimensional mesoscopic concrete model composed of cement mortar, coarse aggregate, the intrafacial transition zone (ITZ) and macroscopic defects, which can reflect the real aggregate shape, was constructed to study the diffusion of sulfate ions in concrete. The correctness of the model is verified with existing experimental data, and the model is further studied. The results show the following. (1) The average value of the calculation results of multiple sets of models can be used to eliminate the influence of the randomness of the construction of the two‐dimensional mesoscopic concrete model. (2) With increasing stone content, the corrosion depth increases, but the average concentration at a given location decreases. (3) With increasing sulfate solution concentration and water‐cement ratio, the sulfate ion concentration and the corrosion depth in concrete increase.
Comparative analysis of model‐based and traditional systems engineering approaches for simulating a robotic space system architecture through automatic knowledge processing
Authors: Younse Paulo , Cameron Jessica , Bradley Thomas H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModel‐based Systems Engineering (MBSE) case studies in the literature assert that there are benefits to MBSE when applied to modeling and simulating space systems. This research evaluates the benefits of an MBSE modeling and simulation approach over a traditional, non‐MBSE approach through modeling and simulation of an orbiting sample Capture and Orient Module (COM) architecture for potential Mars Sample Return (MSR). The COM architecture was modeled, simulated, and evaluated against nominal load power and output data rate requirements to compare the two approaches. A new modeling and simulation‐centric V‐model was synthesized from existing V‐model and modeling and simulation process models to map out the modeling and simulation activities within the context of the system development lifecycle and used as a tool to compare the non‐MBSE and MBSE approaches. A three‐phase modeling and simulation process consisting of an analysis and modeling phase, computer programming and implementation phase, and experimentation phase was used to model and simulate the COM. The total number of manual and automatic knowledge processed was calculated for both approaches and used to quantify the benefits of the MBSE approach relative to the non‐MBSE approach. In the non‐MBSE approach, all knowledge elements were manually processed during the modeling and simulation process. In the MBSE approach, 49% of total knowledge processing was automated. The MBSE approach showed user experience benefits with modeling and simulating the COM robotic space system through providing a higher level of support for automation, reducing the burden of systems engineering tasks, and reducing effort.
Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Deposition of Metal‐Based Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Islam Santa , Mia Md. Mithu , Shah Syed Shaheen , Naher Shamsun , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe demand for energy storage devices with high energy and power densities has increased tremendously in this rapidly growing world. Conventional capacitors, fuel cells, and lithium‐ion batteries have been used as energy storage devices for the long term. However, supercapacitors are one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their high specific capacitance, high power density, and longer cycle life. Recent research has focused on synthesizing transition‐metal oxides/hydroxides, carbon materials, and conducting polymers as supercapacitor electrode materials. The performance of supercapacitors can be improved by altering electrolytes, electrode materials, current collectors, experimental temperatures, and film thickness. Thousands of papers on supercapacitors have already been published, reflecting the significance and elucidating how much demanding such energy storage devices for this fast‐growing generation. This review aims to illustrate the electrode materials loaded on various conductive substrates by electrochemical deposition employed for supercapacitors to provide broad knowledge on synthetic pathways, which will pave the way for future research. We also discussed the basic parameters involved in supercapacitor studies and the advantages of the electrochemical deposition techniques through literature analysis. Finally, future trends and directions on exploring metals/metal composites toward designing and constructing viable, high‐class, and even newly featured flexible energy storage materials, electrodes, and systems are presented.