bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting plant–soil–microbial feedbacks stabilize vegetation types and uncouple topsoil C and N stocks across a subarctic–alpine landscape
Authors: Castaño Carles , Hallin Sara , Egelkraut Dagmar , Lindahl Björn D. , Olofsson Johan , Clemmensen Karina Engelbrecht 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Global vegetation regimes vary in belowground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. However, disentangling large‐scale climatic controls from the effects of intrinsic plant–soil–microbial feedbacks on belowground processes is challenging. In local gradients with similar pedo‐climatic conditions, effects of plant–microbial feedbacks may be isolated from large‐scale drivers.
Across a subarctic–alpine mosaic of historic grazing fields and surrounding heath and birch forest, we evaluated whether vegetation‐specific plant–microbial feedbacks involved contrasting N cycling characteristics and C and N stocks in the organic topsoil. We sequenced soil fungi, quantified functional genes within the inorganic N cycle, and measured 15N natural abundance.
In grassland soils, large N stocks and low C : N ratios associated with fungal saprotrophs, archaeal ammonia oxidizers, and bacteria capable of respiratory ammonification, indicating maintained inorganic N cycling a century after abandoned reindeer grazing. Toward forest and heath, increasing abundance of mycorrhizal fungi co‐occurred with transition to organic N cycling. However, ectomycorrhizal fungal decomposers correlated with small soil N and C stocks in forest, while root‐associated ascomycetes associated with small N but large C stocks in heath, uncoupling C and N storage across vegetation types.
We propose that contrasting, positive plant–microbial feedbacks stabilize vegetation trajectories, resulting in diverging soil C : N ratios at the landscape scale.
When bureaucratic expertise comes under attack
Authors: Christensen Johan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoliticians need expertise to make public policies, and civil servants are principal and proximate providers of knowledge. Yet, what constitutes relevant knowledge and skills for bureaucrats is regularly contested—both by politicians and bureaucrats—and subject to change. How can we explain the processes of contestation and change in the expertise of policy bureaucracies? The article presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the politics of bureaucratic expertise. It proposes the concept of “expertise bargains” to capture the understanding between politicians and bureaucrats about the knowledge and skills of civil servants. Based on a transactional view of authority in bureaucratic politics, it argues that the terms of this expertise bargain are mutually defined by politicians and bureaucrats through a dynamic bargaining process. The analytical utility of the framework is demonstrated through a comparative‐historical analysis of contestation and change in bureaucratic expertise in the field of economic policy.
Mapping out the motivational basis of active representation as intergroup behavior
Authors: Kang Inkyu , Jilke Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch on representative bureaucracy highlights the importance of translating passive into active representation. But what is the motivational basis that underlies this translation? Drawing on theories of social identity and intergroup behavior, we argue that bureaucrats belonging to underrepresented groups actively represent their own group because of a desire for positive distinctiveness. Two large‐scale conjoint experiments were performed using a unique sample of 1929 frontline investigators in the National Police in South Korea. Results show that investigator‐accuser gender match per se did not cause female investigators to prioritize female accusers of assault more than male investigators did. But once the assaults were manipulated to involve salient female disadvantages that lower women's status—for example, intimate partner violence—female accusers were more likely to be prioritized by female investigators. Our findings suggest that active representation is not unbounded partiality but a lever that guards against inequitable group disparities.
Insect exuviae as soil amendment affect flower reflectance and increase flower production and plant volatile emission
Authors: Barragán‐Fonseca Katherine Y. , Rusman Quint , Mertens Daan , Weldegergis Berhane T. , Peller Joseph , Polder Gerrit , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil composition and herbivory are two environmental factors that can affect plant traits including flower traits, thus potentially affecting plant–pollinator interactions. Importantly, soil composition and herbivory may interact in these effects, with consequences for plant fitness. We assessed the main effects of aboveground insect herbivory and soil amendment with exuviae of three different insect species on visual and olfactory traits ofBrassica nigraplants, including interactive effects. We combined various methodological approaches including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, spectroscopy and machine learning to evaluate changes in flower morphology, colour and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil amended with insect exuviae increased the total number of flowers per plant and VOC emission, whereas herbivory reduced petal area and VOC emission. Soil amendment and herbivory interacted in their effect on the floral reflectance spectrum of the base part of petals and the emission of 10 VOCs. These findings demonstrate the effects of insect exuviae as soil amendment on plant traits involved in reproduction, with a potential for enhanced reproductive success by increasing the strength of signals attracting pollinators and by mitigating the negative effects of herbivory.
Rethinking de facto autonomy? A multi‐policy area approach and the regulatory policy process
Authors: Coban M. Kerem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine de facto autonomy across regulatory agencies and policy sectors. Yet not much is known whether, how and why de facto autonomy could vary across policy areas within the same policy sector. This article demonstrates the existence of such variation and suggests that this variation depends on the interplay between stakeholders' diverging (or overlapping) policy preferences, deficient (or superior) organizational policy capacity, and institutional arrangements leading to enabled (or constrained) de facto autonomy. Relying on elite interviews and secondary resources, this study builds on an illustrative study on bank regulation in Turkey in the post‐GFC period and presents a nuanced understanding of de facto autonomy: a multi‐policy area approach to de facto autonomy that allows us to examine variation in de facto autonomy across policy areas, the determinants of the variation, and whether de facto autonomy is constrained or enabled, which structures the regulatory policy process.
Visual learning strategies for oral health promotion and treatment interventions in children and adolescents with hearing impairment – A systematic review
Authors: Shrivastava Richa , Gupta Arpit , Nishant  , Sharda Shweta , Das Diptajit , Goyal Ashima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimPeople with hearing impairment (HI) prefer visual learning strategies in daily activities owing to their reliance on vision. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of visual learning as a communication strategy in improving oral hygiene and dental care of children and adolescents with HI.Methods and ResultsFour electronic databases were searched and complemented by hand searching for original intervention studies published till December 2021. Eligible studies were screened, data was extracted as per priori data collection form and analyzed by thematic content analysis. The quality of studies was assessed as per the validated tools appropriate for study designs including ROB2, ROBINS‐I, and NIH quality assessment tool. Out of 4159 records identified and 1302 duplicates removed, 24 original studies were identified and the visual learning strategies were classified into sign language, visual aids with or without sign language, customized educational demonstrations and the interim role of training the teachers. These strategies helped in improving oral hygiene status, oral health‐related knowledge and attitude as well as dental anxiety during treatment. Participants were found to be satisfied with these strategies, however, significant heterogeneity in the included studies precluded meaningful meta‐analysis. ROB2 and ROBINS were rated as high and serious in all included trials, respectively, and NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Pre‐Post Studies With No Control as fair in five studies and poor in three.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the significance of visual learning, however, long‐term rigorously designed trials are needed to better understand effective and patient‐centered communication methods for people with HI.
The dark triad and subjective well‐being: The mediating role of cognitive‐emotional regulation strategies
Authors: Gómez‐Leal Raquel , Gutiérrez‐Cobo María J. , Megías‐Robles Alberto , Fernández‐Berrocal Pablo 
Published: December 2022

The dark triad (DT) is composed of psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. These traits have usually been correlated with maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation. In turn, these types of strategies have shown a negative relationship with the components of subjective well‐being (SWB): affective well‐being (AWB) and cognitive well‐being (CWB). The principal objective of the present study was to analyze the possible mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive‐emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between the DT and SWB components. For this purpose, a community sample of 678 participants (Mage = 35.03; 53.1% women) completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWB), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ‐36), and the Short Dark Triad (SD‐3). The results showed a good fit with the model in which Machiavellianism was indirectly and negatively related to CWB through the effect of maladaptive strategies and AWB, and indirectly and positively related to CWB through the effect of adaptive strategies and AWB. Narcissism was indirectly positively related to CWB through the effect of adaptive strategies and AWB. Finally, psychopathy was indirectly negatively associated with CWB through the effect of adaptive strategies and AWB. Limitations and clinical implications of this research are discussed.
The physiology of ice hockey performance: An update
Authors: Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Mohr Magni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIce hockey is an intense team sport characterized by repeated bursts of fast‐paced skating, rapid changes in speed and direction and frequent physical encounters. These are performed in on‐ice shifts of ~30–80 s interspersed with longer sequences of passive recovery, resulting in about 15–25 min on‐ice time per player. Nearly 50% of the distance is covered at high‐intensity skating speeds and with an accentuated intense activity pattern in forwards compared to defensemen. During ice hockey match‐play, both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems are significantly challenged, with the heart rate increasing toward maximum levels during each shift, and with great reliance on both glycolytic and phosphagen ATP provision. The high‐intensity activity pattern favors muscle glycogen as fuel, leading to pronounced reductions despite the relatively brief playing time, including severe depletion of a substantial proportion of individual fast‐ and slow‐twitch fibers. Player‐tracking suggests that the ability to perform high‐intensity skating is compromised in the final stages of a game, which is supported by post‐game reductions in repeated‐sprint ability. Muscle glycogen degradation, in particular in individual fibers, as well as potential dehydration and hyperthermia, may be prime candidates implicated in exacerbated fatigue during the final stages of a game, whereas multiple factors likely interact to impair exercise tolerance during each shift. This includes pronounced PCr degradation, with potential inadequate resynthesis in a proportion of fast‐twitch fibers in situations of repeated intense actions. Finally, the recovery pattern is inadequately described, but seems less long‐lasting than in other team sports.
Crop rotation with plastic mulching increased soil organic carbon and water sustainability: A field trial on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xucheng , Hou Huizhi , Yin Jiade , Fang Yanjie , Yu Xianfeng , Wang Hongli , Ma Yifan , Lei Kangning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAppropriate crop rotations are beneficial for food security and carbon sequestration. In cool and semiarid rain‐fed areas, however, the effect on carbon sequestration in soil and the soil–crop system is not clear. In this study, a crop rotation field experiment was carried out on the Loess Plateau, China, involving (1) wheat continuous cropping (WCC), (2) maize continuous cropping (MCC), (3) potato continuous cropping (PCC) and (4) wheat–maize–potato rotating cropping (RC). All treatments were tilled once, and then, plastic mulched immediately to inhibit evaporation. We found that the rotating cropping system improved water storage in the 0–300 cm soil profile by 65.8 mm through the 6 years, while MCC depleted deep soil moisture. In a drought year, total dry matter (DM) for the rotating cropping was greater by 23.9% and 79.3% and harvested carbon quantity (HCQ) by 0.6 and 1.8 Mg ha−1 compared with WCC and MCC systems, respectively. Total evapotranspiration significantly decreased by 14.5% compared with MCC, with no significant change compared with WCC and PCC. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration at 20–30 cm depth in the rotating cropping system was 36.0%, 28.0% and 30.3% greater than those of WCC, MCC and PCC, respectively. Similarly, the SOC sequestration rate at this depth was higher by 3.8, 3.2 and 3.4 Mg ha−1, respectively. The pure carbon accumulation (PCA) of the rotating cropping system significantly increased compared with WCC and PCC, resulting in increased water use efficiency of pure carbon accumulation (WCP) by 11.1, 2.2 and 3.1 Mg ha−1 mm−1 compared with the WCC, MCC and PCC systems, respectively. Overall, the rotating cropping (RC) system maintained better soil water conditions, sustained crop development and SOC sequestration, especially optimizing the relationship between crop water utilization and SOC sequestration in soil–crop system in the cool semiarid rain‐fed area.
Evaluation of hypochlorous acid as an ear flush in dogs with chronic otitis externa
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Baumann Katja N. , Boehm Teresa , Dörfelt Stefanie , Kasper Bettina , Udraite‐Vovk Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic otitis externa (OE) in dogs frequently requires anaesthetised ear flushing.ObjectivesTo evaluate hypochlorous acid as an ear flushing and antimicrobial agent in dogs with chronic OE.AnimalsTwenty dogs with chronic OE caused by the same organisms bilaterally.Materials and MethodsOne ear was flushed under anaesthesia with hypochlorous acid, the other with saline solution. Subsequently, the ear flushed with hypochlorous acid was cleaned with the same solution twice daily for 2 weeks, the other ear with a commercial ear cleaner. An ear medication containing miconazole, polymyxin B and prednisolone was used once daily in both ears. Clinical scores were determined before the flush. Ear cytological results were obtained, a hearing test was conducted before and after the ear flush, and a culture was taken directly after flushing. Ears were evaluated after 2 weeks of therapy.ResultsYeast was present in the ears of 11, cocci in one and a mixed infection in eight dogs. Five ears were negative on culture after flushing with hypochlorous acid, one after the saline flush. Clinical and cytological scores decreased significantly with both solutions after 2 weeks of treatment. There was no difference between treatments in any of the scores at any time point between treatments and in the results of the hearing test before and after the flushing procedure. Adverse effects were not seen.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHypochlorous acid is a suitable cleaning solution for canine OE.
Clinical ophthalmic parameters of the Quaker parrot (Myiopsitta monachus)
Authors: Halsmer Emily L. , Heatley Jennifer Jill , Scott Erin M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeOphthalmic diagnosis in many avian species remains hindered by a lack of normative values. This study aimed to establish normal ophthalmic parameters for select diagnostic tests in clinically normal Quaker parrots.MethodsNinety‐six captive Quaker parrots aged 8–18 years underwent ophthalmic examination to include assessment of neuro‐ophthalmic reflexes, phenol red thread test, rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, palpebral fissure length measurements, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ocular ultrasound biometry.ResultsMenace response, dazzle reflex, and direct pupillary light reflex were present for all Quaker parrots. Tear production (mean ± SD) was 13.3 ± 4.0 mm/15 s and intraocular pressure (IOP, mean ± SD) was 10.6 ± 1.4 and 6.0 ± 1.3 mmHg in the D and P rebound tonometer calibration settings, respectively. For IOP measurement, D and P calibration settings were not interchangeable, with the lesser variation of the D setting preferred in the absence of a gold standard. Ultrasound measurement of the anterior chamber depth increased with age and males had longer axial globe and vitreous lengths. Incidental adnexal and ocular lesions, identified in 36/96 (37.5%) of Quaker parrots, did not statistically affect the created reference data.ConclusionsThis work provides reference values and clinical findings to assist with monitoring the health of wild populations and maintaining the health of captive Quaker parrots.
Inhibitory interneurons show early dysfunction in a SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cavarsan Clarissa F. , Steele Preston R. , Genry Landon T. , Reedich Emily J. , McCane Lynn M. , LaPre Kay J. , Puritz Alyssa C. , Manuel Marin , Katenka Natallia , Quinlan Katharina A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFew studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) measure effects of the disease on inhibitory interneurons synapsing onto motoneurons (MNs). However, inhibitory interneurons could contribute to dysfunction, particularly if altered before MN neuropathology, and establish a long‐term imbalance of inhibition/excitation. We directly assessed excitability and morphology of glycinergic (GlyT2 expressing) ventral lumbar interneurons from SOD1G93AGlyT2eGFP (SOD1) and wild‐type GlyT2eGFP (WT) mice on postnatal days 6–10. Patch clamp revealed dampened excitability in SOD1 interneurons, including depolarized persistent inward currents (PICs), increased voltage and current threshold for firing action potentials, along with a marginal decrease in afterhyperpolarization duration. Primary neurites of ventral SOD1 inhibitory interneurons were larger in volume and surface area than WT. GlyT2 interneurons were then divided into three subgroups based on location: (1) interneurons within 100 μm of the ventral white matter, where Renshaw cells (RCs) are located, (2) interneurons interspersed with MNs in lamina IX, and (3) interneurons in the intermediate ventral area including laminae VII and VIII. Ventral interneurons in the RC area were the most profoundly affected, exhibiting more depolarized PICs and larger primary neurites. Interneurons in lamina IX had depolarized PIC onset. In lamina VII–VIII, interneurons were least affected. In summary, inhibitory interneurons show very early region‐specific perturbations poised to impact excitatory/inhibitory balance of MNs, modify motor output and provide early biomarkers of ALS. Therapeutics like riluzole that universally reduce CNS excitability could exacerbate the inhibitory dysfunction described here.
imageKey points
Spinal inhibitory interneurons could contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, but their excitability has never been directly measured.
We studied the excitability and morphology of glycinergic interneurons in early postnatal transgenic mice (SOD1G93AGlyT2eGFP).
Interneurons were less excitable and had marginally smaller somas but larger primary neurites in SOD1 mice.
GlyT2 interneurons were analysed according to their localization within the ventral spinal cord. Interestingly, the greatest differences were observed in the most ventrally located interneurons.
We conclude that inhibitory interneurons show presymptomatic changes that may contribute to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in ALS.
Boiler Embrittlement
Authors: Zapffe C. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the introductory section of this paper, boiler embrittlement as a field of study is traced back toward the very invention and genesis of steam boilers. The study is traced through the miscellaneous researches of several countries up to the establishment of unified research in three institutions: Britain’s National Physical Laboratory in 1917, America’s University of Illinois in 1917, and Germany’s Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzern in 1920.
In the second part of the paper, the chronological study is extended to date, but with emphasis on a critical evaluation of all published work which can be found from America, England, Germany, France, Sweden, Italy, and Russia. The roles of stress, caustic, chemical attack, “aging,” and hydrogen are given especial attention along with all other possible factors in boiler embrittlement. These factors are then shown to be identical with those observed in the attack of steel by hydrogen at elevated temperatures, a subject given peculiar neglect in the literature on boiler embrittlement.
In the concluding section, the various factors involved in boiler embrittlement are interpreted from the viewpoint that “boiler embrittlement” is nothing other than an intermediate stage in a naturally occurring hydrogen-purification process. The arguments which have revolved around intercrystalline and transcrystalline paths of the fracture, the behavior of inhibitors and accelerators, the prerequisition of stress and of caustic, and the role played by the steel are discussed to show how logically all observations resolve themselves in the light of this new conception. This interpretation for boiler embrittlement is then corroborated visually by simple experiments made directly upon specimens from boiler plate which exhibited “boiler embrittlement.” Plans for future research along entirely new lines are suggested.
Ratio and Multiple-Fuel Controls in the Steel Industry
Authors: Ziebolz Herbert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The need for accurate control of the furnace atmosphere in the steel industry has brought about the development of a variety of designs and basic circuits to solve this problem. The methods used and the apparatus which were developed are briefly discussed, i.e., (1) the basic ratio control, (2) the control mixing stations, and (3) the controls available for burning several fuels simultaneously with only one common supply for combustion air.