bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic performance, nitrogen acquisition and water-use efficiency of the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium in a monoculture and intercropped with alfalfa in Scandinavia
Authors: Mårtensson Linda-Maria Dimitrova , Barreiro Ana , Li Shoujiao , Jensen Erik Steen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe perennial forage grass Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey, commonly known as intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) or by the commercial name Kernza™, is being developed as a perennial grain crop, i.e. being bred for its improved agronomic performance and food qualities. Intercropping legumes and grasses is a strategy for improving resource use and sustainability in cropping systems. Here, we show for the first time the agronomic performance of IWG as a perennial cereal grown as a monocrop and as an intercrop (alternate row, 0.5:0.5) with Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa/lucerne) in southern Sweden. The seeds of cycle 3 IWG were accessed from The Land Institute (TLI) of Salinas, Kansas, USA, and used to establish a local seed production plot (in 2014) for the establishment of the perennial systems (in 2016) utilised in this study. Both the monocrop and intercrop were sown with 25 cm row spacing with alternate rows of IWG and alfalfa in the intercrop (i.e. replacement design) with unknown sowing density. Intercropping provided sustained IWG grain production under the dry conditions of 2018, but also in the following year. This was evidently associated with a higher nitrogen accumulation in intercropped practice. Thus, intercropping seems to have stabilised the IWG grain production in the dry conditions of 2018, when the grain production in the intercrop was similar to that of the monocrop in the same year. This result was further supported by the lower discrimination against 13C (as an indicator of water use efficiency) in the intercrop components compared to the sole crop in 2018. The lower discrimination indicates high water use efficiency in the intercropped IWG in comparison to the IWG in monoculture, and we conclude that intercropping perennial cereal grain crops with legumes provides better growing conditions in terms of nitrogen acquisition, and water status, to cope with more extreme drought spells expected from climate change.
Do one-hour exposures provide a valid assessment of physiological heat strain?
Authors: Kampmann Bernhard , Bröde Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor time- and cost-efficient heat stress assessment procedures at workplaces or in experimental studies, short-time measurement periods (e.g. 1 h) are sometimes employed in lieu of whole shift observations assuming that the short time period will provide valid figures of equilibrium physiological responses. We studied the influence of exposure duration on physiological heat strain considering the modifying effects of clothing and heat acclimation using a database of 564 climatic chamber exposures performed by 28 young males under heat stress conditions with widely varying air temperature and humidity levels. We compared heart rates, rectal and mean skin temperatures, and sweat rates recorded after 1 h with the values averaged over the third hour of exposure representing steady-state. One-hour measurements agreed with equilibrium values for rather low strain levels only, with heart rates below 100 bpm and rectal temperatures below 37.2 °C. On average, one-hour values underestimated all heat strain parameters. This underestimation error was only moderately influenced by clothing and heat acclimation status, but increased significantly with air temperature and humidity, reaching considerable magnitude under hot-humid conditions associated with elevated heat strain. Regression analyses of the prediction error depending on the equilibrium response revealed that underestimation increased with equilibrium strain level. This correlation was strongest for heart rate and core temperature, and was shown to potentially cause a misclassification of hazardous working conditions as safe by given heat strain criteria.Practical Relevance: The severe underestimation of heat strain due to short measurement periods, as observed under hot-humid conditions and/or when associated with high physiological strain, will immediately impact the exposed personnel, but will also inform occupational health professionals and standard writers regarding the heat stress assessment for work shifts with high activity levels or with protective clothing.
Systematic Application of Extreme-User Experiences: Impact on the Outcomes of an Undergraduate Medical Device Design Module
Authors: Raviselvam Sujithra , Subburaj Karupppasamy , Hölttä-Otto Katja , Wood Kristin L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtreme-user experiences refer to experiences that simulate the extremes of user abilities like reduced or no visual attention or auditory attention. Inspired by the needs experienced by the users who experience physical or cognitive challenges, extreme-user perspectives can make designers understand their designs from an inclusive design perspective and address the latent needs experienced by their users. Yet, they are seldom leveraged in mainstream designs that may or may not be used by extreme users, for example, medical devices. This study applies the extreme-user experiences along the initial stages of the design process to help design students identify the latent needs of six different medical devices. Students used Activity Diagrams for a systematic application of extreme-user experiences. Six teams with a total of 25 students took part in the study. We apply a latency metric to validate the identified needs and discuss the metric's impact in evaluating the latency of design needs. Outcomes support the potential of extreme-user experiences in capturing the latent design needs in medical device design and demonstrate the potential of extreme-user experiences in changing designers' perceptions over their design solutions. The proposed approach aims to help students and medical device design professionals to have a first-person experience on the nuances of user needs that get missed in the current design process. We believe this could lead to future works that focus on designs that reduce the mishaps associated with medical device design.
Partial Reliance
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccording to a prominent thought, in one’s practical reasoning one should rely only on what one knows (Fantl and McGrath 2002; Hawthorne and Stanley 2008; Williamson 2000, 2005a, 2017). Yet for many choices, the relevant information is uncertain. This has led Schiffer (2007, 189) to the following objection: oftentimes, we are fully rational in reasoning from uncertain premises which we do not know. For example, we may decide to take an umbrella based on a 0.4 credence that it will rain. There are various ways proponents of a knowledge norm for practical reasoning can respond. One option is to say that the right way of dealing with uncertain information requires knowledge of probabilities (Hawthorne and Stanley 2008, 581–85). Another option is to say that credences can be knowledge because they really are beliefs with an unusual kind of content that consists of a set of probability spaces (Moss 2018, chap. 9). Mixed accounts are possible as well (Weisberg 2013). On neither of the accounts in the literature, however, can reasoning from uncertain premises be taken as reasoning based on a graded attitude, a credence, toward an ordinary proposition. To make room for this possibility, I argue that reliance comes in degrees. The knowledge norm is only plausible when taken to be concerned withfull reliance.Partial reliance, on the other hand, goes hand in hand with credence.
The power of public–private partnership in medical technology innovation: Lessons from the development of FDA-cleared medical devices for assessment of concussion
Authors: Singer Michael E. , Hack Dallas C. , Hanley Daniel F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given the convergence of the long and challenging development path for medical devices with the need for diagnostic capabilities for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion), the effective role of public–private partnership (PPP) can be demonstrated to yield Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearances and innovative product introductions. An overview of the mTBI problem and landscape was performed. A detailed situation analysis of an example of a PPP yielding an innovative product was further demonstrated. The example of PPP has led to multiple FDA clearances and product introductions in the TBI diagnostic product category where there was an urgent military and public need. Important lessons included defining the primary public and military health objective for new product introduction, the importance of the government–academia–industry PPP triad with a “collaboration towards solutions” Quality-by-Design (QbD) mindset to assure clinical validity with regulatory compliance, the development of device comparators and integration of measurements into a robust, evidence-based statistical and FDA pathway, and the utility of top-down, flexible, practical action while operating within governmental guidelines and patient safety.
The Interplay between the Digital Services Act and Sector Regulation: How Special Is Copyright?
Authors: Quintais João Pedro , Schwemer Sebastian Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn 15 December 2020, the European Commission published its proposal for the Digital Services Act, which is expected to be adopted before summer 2022. It carries out a regulatory overhaul of the twenty-one-year-old horizontal rules on intermediary liability in the e-Commerce Directive and introduces new due diligence obligations for intermediary services. Our analysis illuminates an important point that has so far received little attention: how would the Digital Services Act’s rules interact with existing sector-specific lex specialis rules? In this article, we look specifically at the intersection of the Digital Services Act with the regime for online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) set forth in Article 17 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive). At first glance, these regimes do not appear to overlap, as the rules on copyright are lex specialis to the Digital Services Act. A closer look shows a more complex and nuanced picture. Our analysis concludes that the Digital Services Act will apply to OCSSPs insofar as it contains rules that regulate matters not covered by Article 17 CDSM Directive, as well as specific rules on matters where Article 17 leaves a margin of discretion to Member States. This includes, to varying degrees, rules in the Digital Services Act relating to the liability of intermediary providers and to due diligence obligations for online platforms of different sizes. Importantly, we consider that such rules apply even where Article 17 CDSM Directive contains specific (but less precise) regulation on the matter. From a normative perspective, this might be a desirable outcome, to the extent that the Digital Services Act aims to establish “uniform rules for a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, where fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter are effectively protected”. Based on our analysis, we suggest a number of clarifications that might help us to achieve that goal.
Use of standard, contact, and droplet precautions with eye protection for the prevention of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among home healthcare personnel in hospice and home healthcare settings—King and Snohomish counties, Washington, February–October 2020
Authors: McMichael Temet M. , Duca Lindsey M. , Lewis James , Riedo Francis X. , Wilde Nancy , McDonald Molly , Spitters Christopher , Wechkin Hope A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong EvergreenHealth Home Care Service professionals, no coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported when they were instructed to use standard, contact, and droplet precautions with eye protection while providing home health care to patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These precautions might provide some level of protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among home healthcare personnel.
Host plant stimuli effects on survival and duration of dormancy ofRhagoletis zoqui,Rhagoletis completa(Diptera: Tephritidae) and associated parasitoids
Authors: Rull J. , Lasa R. , Aguas-Lanzagorta S. , Aluja M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTephritid fruit flies in the genusRhagoletisbridge between predictable periods of fruit availability by becoming dormant. To cope with acyclic unpredictable events (e.g., frost, mast seeding, etc), a proportion of the population can undergo prolonged dormancy. In the case of walnut infestingRhagoletis, host plant-derived cues such as juglone soil concentration vary seasonally in predictable patterns. Here, we examined the effects of host plant parts and derived compounds on emergence rates and dormancy duration ofRhagoletis completa(Cresson),Rhagoletis zoqui(Bush) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and associated parasitoids. Pupae of both species were exposed to walnut leaves, fruit, or fruit and leaves and compared to a control. In a second experiment,R. zoquiwere exposed to 10 mg l−1of juglone applied to pupation medium during four consecutive 4-week time periods under variable combinations of temperature and frequency of exposure. Overall, the presence of fruit resulted in greater overwintering survival ofR. completabut had no effect on the duration of dormancy of either fly species. Application of juglone over two consecutive periods produced greater mortality ofR. zoquithan the control. Three parasitoid species emerged fromR. completaand one fromR. zoqui. Duration of dormancy for parasitoids was longer than that of fly hosts. Regardless of treatment, 13.3–18.4% ofR. completapupae and 1.3–2.8%R. zoquiengaged in prolonged (>year) dormancy. Our results indicate that host plant derived cues have little or no effect on survival and duration of dormancy of walnut infestingRhagoletis,and at the tested concentration juglone is toxic toR. zoquipupae. Testing the effect of juglone at lower concentrations is necessary to rule out its role as an environmental cue for regulation of dormancy. So far, host plant fruiting phenology appears to play a greater role than host plant derived cues in selecting for fly eclosion times.
Civility, Trust, and Responding to Echo Chambers
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the rampant epistemic distrust present in echo chamber members towards outsiders, responding to echo chambers with civil debate is unlikely to lead to any agreement or compromise. Moreover, a civil response may contribute to the echo chamber's inflated sense of epistemic status, which is precisely what needs to be dismantled or diminished if agreement/compromise is to be made possible. When responding to particularly dangerous and resistant echo chambers, a moderately uncivil response may be warranted.
Ricœur et l'anonymat des institutions
Authors: Rioux Jean-François 
Published: March 2022

RésuméDans ce court article, je propose en m'appuyant sur l’œuvre de Paul Ricœur que la réalisation de la liberté dépend en partie de l'anonymat des institutions politiques. D'abord, j'explique que les institutions constituent la nécessaire médiation de la liberté. Ensuite, je distingue deux formes d'anonymat des institutions. Alors que la première exprime la perversion de certaines institutions, la seconde appartient à leur essence. Je conclus en suggérant que toute critique de l'anonymat des institutions devrait prendre en compte cette distinction.
“Warphans” and “Quiet” Heroines: Depictions of Chinese Women and Children in the Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme's Campaigns during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Authors: Calver Jasmine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (CMF) was an international organization formed under the direction of the Communist International in 1934 in response to the threat of Nazi fascism. However, it did not restrict its activities to tackling issues in Germany; it expanded its remit to confront many of the crises that marked the mid- to late-1930s across the globe. This article analyses the CMF's work to aid civilians and refugees during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It discusses how the predominantly European committee perpetuated some essentialist and imperialist assumptions in its work and how they utilized violent and emotive language in the “Warphans” child sponsorship fundraising scheme. However, the committee also provided spaces for Chinese women to vocalize their experiences to women in the West, creating an effective humanitarian aid strategy.
“The Call of the World”: Women's Memories of Global Socialist Feminism in India
Authors: Roy Mallarika Sinha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores the juncture between historical time and space in the context of socialist feminism, primarily through the memoir of an Indian woman activist who spent four years in East Berlin as the Asian Secretary at the Women's International Democratic Federation. This primary source material is drawn from a longer history of Indian leftist women's participation in political mobilizations and organizational work, the literary tradition of travel writing, found especially in Bengal, and academic histories of socialist feminism.
The effect of height on family formation in rural Spain, birth-cohorts 1835–1975
Authors: Marco-Gracia Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the height of adult males and marital outcomes, including likelihood of marrying, age at marriage, and marital fertility, in rural Spain. For this analysis, a sample of 4,501 men born between 1835 and 1975 living in 14 villages in northeastern Spain was taken. Previous research has shown that shorter individuals are less likely to marry. However, it is still disputed whether differences exist in the timing of marrying based on height, and little attention has been paid to the effect(s) of height on offspring. Family data were obtained from parish records and interviews with individuals and their families, while height data were obtained from military records, with individuals in Spain being conscripted at the age of 21 years. The data were linked according to nominative criteria using family reconstitution methods. The results confirm that shorter individuals were less likely to marry. Individuals of medium and medium-high height were the first to marry, with a small gap between them and shorter individuals. With regard to marital fertility, no difference in terms of average fertility by height were found, but there were small differences in timing of childbirth, possibly as a result of delayed marriage.
A world of taxonomic pain: cryptic species, inexplicable host-specificity, and host-induced morphological variation among species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 (Trematoda: Bivesiculidae) from Indo-Pacific Holocentridae, Muraenidae and Serranidae
Authors: Cribb Thomas H. , Bray Rodney A. , Justine Jean-Lou , Reimer James , Sasal Pierre , Shirakashi Sho , Cutmore Scott C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe taxonomy of species of Bivesicula Yamaguti, 1934 is analysed for samples from holocentrid, muraenid and serranid fishes from Japan, Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia), the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland), New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Analysis of three genetic markers (cox1 mtDNA, ITS2 and 28S rDNA) identifies three strongly supported clades of species and suggests that Bivesicula as presently recognized is not monophyletic. On the basis of combined morphological, molecular and biological data, 10 species are distinguished of which five are proposed as new. Bivesicula Clade 1 comprises seven species of which three are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all seven infect serranids and four also infect holocentrids. Bivesicula Clade 2 comprises three species of which two are effectively morphologically cryptic relative to each other; all three infect serranids and one also infects a muraenid. Bivesicula Clade 3 comprises two known species from apogonids and a pomacentrid, and forms a clade with species of Paucivitellosus Coil, Reid & Kuntz, 1965 to the exclusion of other Bivesicula species. Taxonomy in this genus is made challenging by the combination of low resolving power of ribosomal markers, the existence of regional cox1 mtDNA populations, exceptional and unpredictable host-specificity and geographical distribution, and significant host-induced morphological variation.
Values and the experience of family care-giving: cultural values or shared family values?
Authors: Knight Bob , Keane Niamh , Benea Daniela , Stone Richele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model focuses on the role of cultural values in shaping the stress and coping process for family care-givers of frail older adults. The literature suggested ethnic group-specific values as influences. The current study explored care-givers’ perceptions of values influencing caring to identify values not addressed in quantitative studies of cross-cultural care-giving. Seventeen family care-givers from Australian Aboriginal, Romanian-Australian, Pacific Island and white non-immigrant Australian backgrounds participated in semi-structured interviews about their care-giving experience and the role that values played in caring for a frail older adult. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts led to identification of themes of cultural values of familism and care for frail older adults, religious values of filial piety and religious coping, love, reciprocity and responsibility/obligation. While cultural values influenced family care versus institutional care, religion was a more clearly identified source of values. Care-givers mostly shared values of love, reciprocity and responsibility/obligation rather than endorsing culture-specific values, with potential variations in expression between individualist and collectivist cultures. These findings suggest that the focus on cross-cultural differences may have missed core values shared across cultural groups and underestimated the influence of religion on care-giving values. Future research could focus on these perceptions of care-givers themselves rather than external perceptions of researchers and service providers.
LIFE ON THE EDGE: ELITES, WEALTH AND INEQUALITY IN SONORA 1871-1910
Authors: Castañeda Garza Diego , Krozer Alice 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper engages with and aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the role of economic and political elites in inequality dynamics and their reproduction over time. We reconstruct the distribution of wealth employing a sample of wills from the El Colegio de Sonora database covering the period of 1871-1910. We show that the rapid industrialisation and modernisation process that occurred in northern Mexico during the late-19th and early-20th centuries led to a continuous increment in wealth concentration at the top of the distribution. The Gini index measure of 0.58 for the 1871-1885 period rose to 0.80 in 1901-1910. Rather than a natural or «Kuznetsian» inevitability fundamental (kuznetsian) necessity, however, our subsequent analysis of the wills of the upper classes suggests a critical role played by the political economy at the time and highlights the importance of control over natural resources on inequality dynamics.