bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extended model of coordination of an all‐terrain vehicle and a multivisit drone
Authors: Amorosi Lavinia , Puerto Justo , Valverde Carlos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a model that combines the movement of a multivisit drone with a limited endurance and a base vehicle that can move freely in the continuous space is considered. The mothership is used to charge the battery of the drone, whereas the drone performs the task of visiting multiple targets of distinct shapes: points and polygonal chains. For polygonal chains, it is required to traverse a given fraction of its lengths that represent surveillance/inspection activities. The goal of the problem is to minimize the overall weighted distance traveled by both vehicles. A mixed integer second‐order cone program is developed and strengthened using valid inequalities and giving good bounds for the Big‐M constants that appear in the model. A refined matheuristic that provides reasonable solutions in short computing time is also established. The quality of the solutions provided by both approaches is compared and analyzed on an extensive battery of instances with different number and shapes of targets, which shows the usefulness of our approach and its applicability in different situations.
Disposable or reusable? Packaging strategy and pricing decision for fresh food considering environmental policies
Authors: Wang Min , Zhao Lindu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPackaging has become an important concern of fresh food supply chains and will exert a growing influence under environmental policies. In this paper, we have discussed three specific issues to investigate fresh food supply chains’ packaging strategy, that is, whether to use disposable packaging containers (DPCs) or reusable packaging containers (RPCs), whether to purchase or rent RPCs, and the influences of environmental policies. Our research has generated some key findings. First, we find that penalty (such as taxes) and reward (such as subsidies) are simultaneously needed to motivate supply chains to choose RPCs. In terms of the “purchasing or renting” choice, it highly depends on the relative magnitude of the purchase and rental subsidies, along with the number of uses of RPCs and the perishability of fresh food. We also conclude that reusing RPCs for more times has two‐sided effects, that is, the effect of cost saving and the effect of accelerated deterioration. Thus, it is not recommended to excessively reuse RPCs. In addition, we make two extensions. First, we consider endogenous tax rate and subsidy rates and discuss from the perspective of social welfare. Second, we consider endogenous sales price and rental price of RPCs and study the optimal decisions of the RPC operator. Results show that the government should establish a classified tax and subsidy system for packaging containers, and meanwhile benchmarking prices for RPC services should be set to curb the RPC operator's free‐riding behavior.
Looking through Sherlock's eyes: Effects of eye movement modelling examples with and without verbal explanations on deductive reasoning
Authors: van Marlen Tim , van Wermeskerken Margot , Jarodzka Halszka , Raijmakers Maartje , van Gog Tamara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEye movement modelling examples (EMME) are demonstrations in which learners' not only see a model's (e.g., a teacher's) task performance on a computer screen (as in regular video examples) but also the model's eye movements (represented as moving coloured dots overlaid on the screen). Thereby EMME help guide learners' attention towards the relevant information and can model cognitive strategies which are otherwise unobservable for learners.ObjectivesThis study investigated whether EMME can help to learn deductive reasoning strategies and how the presence/absence of a teacher's verbal explanation affects learning from EMME.MethodsSecondary education students (N = 137) were randomly assigned to study video examples under one of four conditions in a 2 (EMME: yes/no) x 2 (verbal explanations: yes/no) between‐subjects design.Results and ConclusionsResults revealed only a beneficial effect of the presence of verbal explanations on performance on the practice problems, but no pretest‐to‐posttest learning gains.ImplicationsSeeing the teacher's eye movements does not appear to enhance learning of deductive reasoning. The presence/absence of the teacher's verbal explanation does not seem to affect learning deductive reasoning.
A community health worker delivered intervention to address hypertension among adults engaged in HIV care in northern Tanzania: Outcomes from a pilot feasibility study
Authors: Manavalan Preeti , Madut Deng B. , Wanda Lisa , Msasu Ally , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Thielman Nathan M. , Watt Melissa H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrent care models are inadequate to address the dual epidemic of hypertension and HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. We developed a community health worker (CHW)‐delivered educational intervention, integrated into existing HIV care to address hypertension in persons living with HIV. A detailed educational curriculum was created with five sessions: three in‐person clinic sessions and two telephone sessions. The intervention was piloted among hypertensive adults at one HIV clinic in northern Tanzania over a 4‐week period. Primary outcomes were feasibility, fidelity, and acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes included hypertension care engagement and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Among 16 eligible participants, 14 (64% women, median age of 54.5 years) were recruited into the study, and 13 (92.9%) completed all five intervention sessions. The intervention was delivered with 98.8% fidelity to the curriculum content. Hypertension care engagement improved following the intervention. At baseline, two (15.4%) participants had seen a doctor previously for hypertension, compared to 11 (84.6%) participants post‐intervention (P = .0027). No participant was using antihypertensives at baseline, compared to 10 (76.9%) post‐intervention (P = .0016). Pre‐intervention median SBP was 164 (IQR 152–170) mmHg, compared to post‐intervention SBP of 146 (IQR 134–154) mmHg (P = .0029). Pre‐intervention median DBP was 102 (IQR 86–109) mmHg, compared to post‐intervention DBP of 89 (IQR 86–98) mmHg (P = .0023). A CHW‐delivered educational intervention, integrated into existing HIV care, is feasible and holds promise in improving hypertension care engagement and reducing blood pressure. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and scale‐up of our intervention.
(Dis)respect and shame in the context of ‘medically unexplained’ illness
Authors: Cheston Katharine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA significant proportion of somatic symptoms remain, at present, medically unexplained. These symptoms are common, can affect any part of the body, and can result in a wide range of outcomes—from a minor, transient inconvenience to severe, chronic disability—but medical testing reveals no observable pathology. This paper explores two first‐person accounts of so‐called ‘medically unexplained’ illness: one that is published in a memoir, and the other produced during a semi‐structured interview. Both texts are revelatory for their expression of shame in the context of encountering disrespect from healthcare professionals. The first section of my paper, clinical encounters, explores disrespect which, I argue, takes three interconnecting forms in these texts: disrespect for pain when it is seen as ‘medically unexplained’, disrespect for the patient's account of her own pain, and disrespect for the patient herself. The second section elucidates the shame that occurs as an affective and embodied consequence of encountering such disrespect. I claim that patients living with so‐called ‘medically unexplained’ illnesses suffer a double burden. They endure both somatic and social suffering—not only their symptoms, but also disrespectful, traumatic and shame‐inducing experiences of healthcare systems. I conclude with a reflection on the urgent need for changes in clinical training that could improve the quality of life for these patients, even in the absence of an explanation, treatment or cure for their symptoms.
Effect of microwave and enzymatic pretreatment and type of solvent on kinetics of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from ripe papaya peel
Authors: Singla Mohit , Singh Awanish , Sit Nandan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study was aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment by microwave and enzyme and type of solvent on kinetics of ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from papaya peels. The enzyme used was viscozyme and the solvents used were water, ethanol, and their combination (1:1). The effect of combination of pretreatments was also studied. The data from the experiments were fitted to second order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The second order rate constant (k) varied from 0.0005 to 0.0134 for total phenolic content (TPC), 0.0016–0.0080 for total flavonoid content, and 0.0004–0.0228 for antioxidant activity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl‐radical scavenging activity). The comparative kinetic assessment illustrated that the progression of the extraction for TPC was higher in enzyme‐water (E‐W) treatment (98.91 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g), followed by microwave‐enzyme water (ME‐W) treatment (93.98 mg GAE/100 g) while microwave‐water:ethanol (M‐WEt) treatment gave the lowest yield (42.56 mg GAE/100 g), respectively. The present study also investigated influences of ultrasonication on extraction kinetics and their yield. Ultrasound was clearly influencing the yield (over 72.95% increase in yield of polyphenols). Antioxidant activity of the extracts confirmed that the UAE extraction is suitable for preparing antioxidant‐rich plant extracts. Ultrasound and pretreatment before extraction could provide many advantages like increased yield and quality, energy efficiency, faster extraction, and low solvent consumption.Practical ApplicationsPapaya peels are waste products generated during processing of papaya and are valuable sources of polyphenols and natural antioxidants such as caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and many more bioactive compounds that have significant biological activity. These bioactive compounds of papaya peel can be extracted and utilized in food and pharmaceutical industry for development of functional food or nutraceuticals. Ultrasound extraction is regarded as a green technology as it is environment friendly and energy‐efficient process. When ultrasound technology is combined with microwave or enzymatic treatment, the efficiency of such process may be further improved. The present study is therefore useful as it can provide a solution for utilization of papaya peel for extraction of valuable compounds using green technology.
3D printing to enable the reuse of marine plastic waste with reduced environmental impacts
Authors: Cañado Naiara , Lizundia Erlantz , Akizu‐Gardoki Ortzi , Minguez Rikardo , Lekube Blanca , Arrillaga Alex , Iturrondobeitia Maider 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the years, our oceans have witnessed an enormous accumulation of marine plastic waste resulting from ocean‐related economic activities. As plastic pollution adversely affects marine wildlife and habitat, our society requires urgent solutions to address this increasingly alarming dilemma. Here, we turn our attention to circular economy principles to reduce the amount of nonbiodegradable petroleum‐based marine litter. We consider a production process based on 3D printing to fabricate products for the marine industry, which uses marine plastic waste as a source material. Additionally, the suitability of virgin bio‐based polyamide (bio‐PA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is explored. PHB is selected due to its extraordinary rapid biodegradation in aquatic environments. To quantify the environmental impacts of the proposed processes, a cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied according to ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 standards. Different end‐of‐life alternatives are proposed, including landfill deposition, thermal degradation, and composting. LCA results reveal that the use of marine plastic waste is environmentally preferred in comparison with bio‐PA, PLA, and PHB. Specifically, the global warming indicator, considered a prime driver toward sustainability, shows a 3.7‐fold decrease in comparison with bio‐PA. Importantly, the environmental impacts of PHB production through crude glycerol fermentation are quantified for the first time. Regarding the end‐of‐life options with a composting scenario, PLA and PHB are preferred as they yield biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), which can be used as a renewable energy source.
Retirement and health outcomes in a meta‐analytical framework
Authors: Filomena Mattia , Picchio Matteo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a meta‐analysis on the effects of retirement on health. We selected academic papers published between 2000 and 2021 and studying the impact of retirement on physical and mental health, self‐assessed general health, healthcare utilization and mortality. Our search resulted in a dataset consisting of 308 observations from 85 articles. Using meta‐regression analysis and after checking for the presence of publication bias, we found that the average effect of retirement on health outcomes is very small and barely significant, under the assumption of a common true effect. We applied model averaging techniques to explore possible sources of heterogeneity of the true effect. Our findings suggest that effect heterogeneity across results is explained by the differences in both health measurements and retirement schemes. In particular, mandatory or involuntary retirement is associated with a negative impact of retirement on health, although it is small in magnitude.
Assessment of masticatory efficiency based on glucose concentration in orthodontic patients: A methodological study
Authors: Aiyar Akila , Shimada Akiko , Svensson Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for malocclusion can cause discomfort and pain in the teeth and periodontium, which may impair masticatory efficiency. The glucose concentration method is widely used to assess masticatory efficiency for its convenience in the clinical situation, although its validity has not been shown.ObjectivesThe aims were to determine the validity of the glucose concentration method and investigate if this method can be applicable to orthodontic patients with braces.MethodSixteen healthy individuals (7 men, 9 women, and 26 ± 5 years old) and 16 patients with malocclusions needing orthodontic treatment (5 men, 11 women, and 26 ± 4 years old) participated. Glucose concentration was measured after 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐s mastication of gummy jelly and compared to Hue values obtained from the color‐changing gum method (reference method). In addition, all participants were asked to fill out the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP) to assess differences in perception related to the mouth before and after the placement of braces.ResultsGlucose concentrations were strongly correlated to measures of the two‐color chewing gum methods (R2 = 0.965). Both the glucose extraction and chewing gum hue value were the smallest for 5 s chewing cycles and increased as the number of chewing strokes increased for the 15 s chewing cycles. (Hue: R² = 0.510, p < 0.001; glucose: R² = 0.711, p < 0.001) Masticatory efficiency assessed by both methods was significantly lower in orthodontic patients compared to controls (p < 0.05), even though it was not affected by bonding (p > 0.09). In addition, OHIP scores in physical pain dimension and psychological disability were higher in orthodontic patients than in the control group (p < 0.005).ConclusionMeasurement of glucose concentration was confirmed as a reliable and convenient method for assessing masticatory efficiency. Furthermore, it appears that this method is applicable to patients with braces whose perception in the oral cavity could change.
Social expectations and abilities to meet them as possible mechanisms of youth personality development
Authors: Hang Yuzhan , Soto Christopher , Lee Billy , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Murray Aja Louise , Mõttus René 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivePersonality traits change from childhood through late‐adolescence, however the effects of social expectations and self‐regulatory efforts remain unknown. This study aims to explore mechanisms underlying personality development by assessing mean levels personality traits from childhood to late‐adolescence.MethodWe used Common‐Language California Child Q‐Set to measure youths' (N = 11,000) mean personality trait levels; social expectations for these traits as perceived by parents (N = 47), teachers (N = 42) and students (N = 120); and self‐regulatory efforts required for achieving the desired levels in these traits as perceived by parents (N = 27), teachers (N = 26), and students (N = 54).ResultsExpectations for youths' traits were consistent, regardless of raters' or youths' age. In our unique between‐trait study design, traits' mean levels were positively associated with expectations for them, but age differences minimally tracked these expectations. Traits' required self‐regulatory efforts were not associated with their developmental trends.ConclusionsResults were only partially consistent with existing developmental theories of personality development.
Caste and COVID‐19: Psychosocial disparities amongst rural Indian women during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Jiwani Zishan , Raval Vaishali V. , Steele Miriam , Goldberg Simon B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated preexisting mental health disparities. In India, marginalization based on caste membership, gender, and rural residence are critical determinants of inequity across the lifespan. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of minority stress and intersectionality, this study examined caste‐based disparities in fear of coronavirus (FOC), mental health symptoms, and perceived loneliness amongst rural women in north India during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants (N = 316) completed self‐report measures and were classified into three groups based on their responses: General caste (GC, n = 124), other backward castes (OBC, n = 122), and scheduled caste or tribe (SC/ST, n = 71). Using a three‐way ANOVA and Tukey t‐tests, women in SC/ST and OBC groups reported greater FOC (OBC d = .37; SC/ST d = .40) and greater mental health symptoms (OBC d = .58; SC/ST d = .43) relative to the GC group. OBC, but not SC/ST, group also reported higher perceived loneliness (d = .32). The results were consistent after adjusting for demographic variables such as wealth and highlight caste as an important social determinant for well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic amongst rural Indian women.
Progress Monitoring of Language Acquisition and Academic Content for English Learners
Authors: Rivera Mabel O. , McKeithan Glennda K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeeting the needs of English learners (ELs) effectively must be an individualized, purposeful, and data‐driven process. Progress monitoring can help practitioners to target their EL students’ most significant academic and linguistic needs and, subsequently, develop and deliver instructional programming that may help students develop to their fullest potential with regards to language acquisition as well as content knowledge. This article offers considerations of best practices for educators in K–12 settings interested in learning more about progress monitoring of the academic and language proficiency of ELs receiving instruction in varied settings. Considerations regarding progress monitoring for ELs are reviewed, and tables of resources for instructional activities and supporting materials are provided.
Adipose tissue dysfunction and visceral fat are associated with hepatic insulin resistance and severity of NASH even in lean individuals
Authors: Saponaro Chiara , Sabatini Silvia , Gaggini Melania , Carli Fabrizia , Rosso Chiara , Positano Vincenzo , Armandi Angelo , Caviglia Gian Paolo , Faletti Riccardo , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Gastaldelli Amalia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a heterogeneous disorder, but the factors that determine this heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Adipose tissue dysfunction is causally linked to NAFLD since it causes intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) accumulation through increased hepatic lipid flow, due to insulin resistance and pro‐inflammatory adipokines release. While many studies in NAFLD have looked at total adiposity (i.e. mainly subcutaneous fat, SC‐AT), it is still unclear the possible impact of visceral fat (VF). Thus, we investigated how VF versus SC‐AT was related to NAFLD severity in lean, overweight and obese individuals versus lean controls.MethodsThirty‐two non‐diabetic NAFLD with liver biopsy (BMI 21.4–34.7 kg/m2) and eight lean individuals (BMI 19.6–22.8 kg/m2) were characterized for fat distribution (VF, SC‐AT and IHTG by magnetic resonance imaging), lipolysis and insulin resistance by tracer infusion, free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglyceride (TAG) concentration and composition (by mass spectrometry).ResultsIntrahepatic triglyceride was positively associated with lipolysis, adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo‐IR), TAG concentrations, and increased saturated/unsaturated FFA ratio. Compared to controls VF was higher in NAFLD (including lean individuals), increased with fibrosis stage and associated with insulin resistance in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, increased lipolysis and decreased adiponectin levels. Collectively, our results suggest that VF accumulation, given its location close to the liver, is one of the major risk factors for NAFLD.ConclusionsThese findings propose VF as an early indicator of NAFLD progression independently of BMI, which may allow for evidence‐based prevention and intervention strategies.
Role of novel polysaccharide layers in assembly of the exosporium, the outermost protein layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore
Authors: Lehmann Dörte , Sladek Margaret , Khemmani Mark , Boone Tyler J. , Rees Eric , Driks Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA fundamental question in cell biology is how cells assemble their outer layers. The bacterial endospore is a well‐established model for cell layer assembly. However, the assembly of the exosporium, a complex protein shell comprising the outermost layer in the pathogen Bacillus anthracis, remains poorly understood. Exosporium assembly begins with the deposition of proteins at one side of the spore surface, followed by the progressive encirclement of the spore. We seek to resolve a major open question: the mechanism directing exosporium assembly to the spore, and then into a closed shell. We hypothesized that material directly underneath the exosporium (the interspace) directs exosporium assembly to the spore and drives encirclement. In support of this, we show that the interspace possesses at least two distinct layers of polysaccharide. Secondly, we show that putative polysaccharide biosynthetic genes are required for exosporium encirclement, suggesting a direct role for the interspace. These results not only significantly clarify the mechanism of assembly of the exosporium, an especially widespread bacterial outer layer, but also suggest a novel mechanism in which polysaccharide layers drive the assembly of a protein shell.