bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between inflammatory status and microbial composition in severe asthma and during exacerbation
Authors: Diver Sarah , Haldar Koirobi , McDowell Pamela Jane , Busby John , Mistry Vijay , Micieli Claudia , Brown Vanessa , Cox Ciara , Yang Freda , Borg Catherine , Shrimanker Rahul , Ramsheh Mohammadali Yavari , Hardman Tim , Arron Joseph , Bradding Peter , Cowan Douglas , Mansur Adel Hasan , Fowler Stephen J. , Lordan Jim , Menzies‐Gow Andrew , Robinson Douglas , Matthews John , Pavord Ian D. , Chaudhuri Rekha , Heaney Liam G. , Barer Michael R. , Brightling Christopher ,   the Medical Research Council: Refractory Asthma Stratification Programme (RASP‐UK Consortium)
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn T2‐mediated severe asthma, biologic therapies, such as mepolizumab, are increasingly used to control disease. Current biomarkers can indicate adequate suppression of T2 inflammation, but it is unclear whether they provide information about airway microbial composition. We investigated the relationships between current T2 biomarkers and microbial profiles, characteristics associated with a ProteobacteriaHIGH microbial profile and the effects of mepolizumab on airway ecology.MethodsMicrobiota sequencing was performed on sputum samples obtained at stable and exacerbation state from 140 subjects with severe asthma participating in two clinical trials. Inflammatory subgroups were compared on the basis of biomarkers, including FeNO and sputum and blood eosinophils. ProteobacteriaHIGH subjects were identified by Proteobacteria to Firmicutes ratio ≥0.485. Where paired sputum from stable visits was available, we compared microbial composition at baseline and following ≥12 weeks of mepolizumab.ResultsMicrobial composition was not related to inflammatory subgroup based on sputum or blood eosinophils. FeNO ≥50 ppb when stable and at exacerbation indicated a group with less dispersed microbial profiles characterised by high alpha‐diversity and low Proteobacteria. ProteobacteriaHIGH subjects were neutrophilic and had a longer time from asthma diagnosis than ProteobacteriaLOW subjects. In those studied, mepolizumab did not alter airway bacterial load or lead to increased Proteobacteria.ConclusionHigh FeNO could indicate a subgroup of severe asthma less likely to benefit from antimicrobial strategies at exacerbation or in the context of poor control. Where FeNO is <50 ppb, biomarkers of microbial composition are required to identify those likely to respond to microbiome‐directed strategies. We found no evidence that mepolizumab alters airway microbial composition.
Impact of donor age on recipient morbidity and mortality after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yeow Marcus , Pang Ning Qi , Muthiah Mark D. , Soon Gwyneth , Yock‐Young Dan , Bonney Glenn Kunnath , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Madhavan Krishnakumar , Kow Wei Chieh Alfred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for use of graft from older donors in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been conflicting. This study aims to clarify the impact of donor age on recipient morbidity and mortality after adult LDLT.MethodsA total of 90 live liver donors and recipients who underwent primary adult‐to‐adult LDLT were divided into three groups according to donor age: donors in 20s (D—20s) group, donors in 30s and 40s (D—30s and 40s) group and donors in 50s & 60s (D—50s and 60s) group. Multivariate analyses were conducted to look for independent risk/prognostic factors. Donor age was analysed as a continuous variable to determine an optimal cut off.ResultsOverall donor morbidity was 4/90 (4.44%), major donor morbidity was 1/90 (1.11%) and there was no donor mortality. Recipients in the D—20s group had better 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year recipient survival than recipients in the D—50s and 60s group (96%, 91%, 91% versus 73%, 58%, 58%, respectively) (P = 0.020). Donor age was identified to be an independently significant risk factor for increased major complications (P = 0.007) and prognostic factor for reduced overall survival (P = 0.014). The optimal donor age cut off was determined to be 46.5 years old.ConclusionOlder donors are associated with poorer recipient outcomes after adult‐to‐adult LDLT. Usage of liver grafts from older donors should be carefully considered when choosing liver grafts for patients undergoing LDLT.
An overview of reviews for preventing and treating sleep problems in infants
Authors: Drozd Filip , Leksbø Turid Skjerve , Størksen Hege Therese , Wilhelmsen Cathrine Elisabeth Weyde , Slinning Kari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimParents and professionals receive conflicting recommendations about management of infant sleep problems. The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an overview of summarised research on the prevention and treatment of sleep problems in infants (0–1 year), content of the interventions and the conditions under which they are delivered.MethodsThe umbrella review included five systematic reviews of 24 individual studies, mainly randomised controlled trials. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, Cochrane, Campbell, Epistemonikos, PDQ‐Evidence, IN SUM and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, for reviews published during 2010–2021.ResultsThe systematic reviews showed that behavioural interventions increased sleep in infants and parents. Interventions entailed reducing parental disturbances during sleep onset and enabling the infant to fall asleep and maintain sleep on their own. Knowledge about infant sleep and the establishment of positive bedtime routines seemed crucial for preventing and treating sleep difficulties. The interventions can be delivered in a few sessions, typically one‐on‐one during the postnatal period.ConclusionBehavioural interventions can be recommended and adapted to the individual family. Positive outcomes for the infant and the family depend on a close and coordinated collaboration between child health clinics, community psychologists, general physicians and other services.
Modified keyhole plus technique with partial release of posterior rectus sheath for parastomal hernia repair after ileal conduit
Authors: Hatsuzawa Yuuri , Tsujinaka Shingo , Kakizawa Nao , Maemoto Ryo , Kimura Yasuaki , Nagamori Masakazu , Toyama Nobuyuki , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParastomal hernia (PH) is a common complication of ileal conduit diversions. The Sugarbaker technique has a lower recurrence rate than the keyhole (KH) technique and is typically preferred. However, it may not be feasible in some cases because of anatomical features including the length of the conduit and torsion of the ureter. An 80‐year‐old woman with complaints of abdominal distention was diagnosed with PH 5 years after radical cystectomy. Computed tomography revealed a 90 × 20‐mm muscular layer defect on the cranial side of the ileal conduit. Therefore, we performed the KH technique with intracorporeal closure of the defect using a relief incision of the posterior rectus sheath, avoiding the possibility of torsion of the ureteral ileal anastomosis. No hernia recurrence was observed at postoperative 10 months. The proposed KH plus technique may be an effective method for PH after ileal conduit diversion, thus preventing urinary complications.
A case of familial adenomatous polyposis with protein‐losing enteropathy treated by laparoscopic total colorectal resection: A literature review
Authors: Tubakihara Hiroki , Sawayama Hiroshi , Komohara Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Yuji , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Ohuchi Mayuko , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with protein‐losing enteropathy is a rare disorder and is difficult to treat medically. A 74‐year‐old female patient was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of anorexia. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple adenomas from the ascending colon to the rectum and adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon and descending colon. Laboratory findings showed hypoalbuminemia (albumin 1.6 mg/dl). Protein leak scintigraphy using 99mTc‐HSAD found a protein leak from the colon. Although hypercaloric infusion was administered, the nutritional status was not improved and albumin transfusion was required. The patient underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis, and temporary ileostomy. She had a good postoperative course and the hypoalbuminemia normalized in a few weeks. The patient underwent temporary ileostomy reversal. Here we report a case of FAP with protein‐losing enteropathy who underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, which resulted in improvement of the protein leak as well as cancer treatment.
Preliminary study of the safety of acrinol in probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy during transurethral resection of bladder tumors
Authors: Naya Yoshio , Takaha Natsuki , Hayashi Iseei , Mori Masaru , Date Seiki , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe previously reported that probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy using acrinol can depict cancerous nuclei. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety of acrinol in patients. For all seven patients, ‘50 ml’ of a 0.1% acrinol and ‘1 ml’ of 10% fluorescein in 99 ml of normal saline were introduced into the bladder. The laser probe adhered to the suspicious lesion from the working channel of the cystoscope. The patients underwent mucosal biopsy and transurethral resection after observation. Adverse events were noted during a valuation using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4.0. Confocal laser endomicroscopy detected the nuclei of cancer cells in all seven patients. No adverse event was observed in any of the seven patients. Confocal laser endomicroscopy using acrinol as a novel dye can help visualize the cancerous nuclei of bladder urothelial carcinoma during cystoscopy without severe adverse events.
Home‐based blood transfusion therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez Corte Jesús , Candal‐Pedreira Cristina , Ruano‐Ravina Alberto , Pérez‐Ríos Mónica , Rivero‐de‐Aguilar Alejandro , López García Marisa , Hermida Porto Leticia , Varela‐Lema Leonor 
Published: July 2022

SummaryHome care is a healthcare alternative to hospitalisation. Different types of procedures are performed at home care services, such as home transfusion of blood products. However, home blood transfusion is not fully implemented and there is a great lack of knowledge about it. The aims of this study were thus to assess the safety and effectiveness of home blood transfusions and patient acceptance and satisfaction. A systematic literature review was conducted in the main biomedical databases. We included all studies that covered patients who had received a home blood transfusion, regardless of their baseline diagnosis. The literature search yielded 290 studies, 14 of which were included in this study as they met the predefined criteria. The main patient profile of a home‐transfusion recipient was a person with anaemia associated with other diseases. Overall incidence of severe adverse events was 0.05%. No studies evaluated the effectiveness of home versus hospital transfusions. One study showed that 51% of patients would be willing to receive home transfusions. Home blood transfusion appears to be a feasible, safe, and well‐accepted procedure. Existing studies are of low quality, however, and this is an important limitation when it comes to drawing definitive benefit–risk conclusions.
Deep water sedimentary processes in the Enderby Basin (East Antarctic margin) during the Cenozoic
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Wu Shiguo , De Santis Laura , Wang Guolong , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe thick sequence of mid‐late Cenozoic sediments preserved within the Enderby Basin of the East Antarctica margin contains key information regarding glacial history and palaeo‐oceanographic conditions during the last 34 My. The interplay between glacial processes and ocean circulation can be reconstructed from seismic stratigraphic studies. Here, interpretation of seismic sequences and geomorphology from an extensive 2D seismic dataset (∼75,000 km) are correlated with lithological data of the ODP site 1165 drilled on the continental rise, and used to assess the age and origin of the sediment, and the possible influence of oceanic currents on its distribution. Mapping of seismic units and facies reveals that, in addition to glacial sediments derived from the Antarctic mainland, the upper Cenozoic succession includes drift units with prograding sequences building out from the Mac. Robertson Land margin, west of the Prydz Bay. Three contourite drifts grew on the western side of submarine channels and large sediment wave fields suggest a mixed system of turbidity currents influenced by west‐flowing bottom currents. The drifts are composed of four seismic units representing stages of onset (Lower Oligocene), main growth (Early‐Middle Miocene), maintenance (Middle‐Late Miocene) and burial (Pliocene). The internal geometry and reflection patterns of the drifts imply an intensified current activity from the Early to Middle Miocene. The results plausibly reflect that the formation of proto Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) started around the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and intensified episodically from the early to middle Miocene.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Khokhar Dilawar , Marella Sahiti , Idelman Gila , Chang Joy W. , Chehade Mirna , Hogan Simon P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus and is clinically characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science‐based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL‐13/CCL26/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.
Therapeutic potential of human stem cell transplantations for Vanishing White Matter: A quest for the Goldilocks graft
Authors: Hillen Anne E. J. , Leferink Prisca S. , Breeuwsma Nicole B. , Dooves Stephanie , Bergaglio Talia , Van der Knaap Marjo S. , Heine Vivi M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionVanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy that leads to neurological dysfunction and early death. Astrocytes are indicated as therapeutic target, because of their central role in VWM pathology. Previous cell replacement therapy using primary mouse glial precursors phenotypically improved VWM mice.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the translational potential of human stem cell‐derived glial cell replacement therapy for VWM. We generated various glial cell types from human pluripotent stem cells in order to identify a human cell population that successfully ameliorates disease hallmarks of a VWM mouse model. The effects of cell grafts on motor skills and VWM brain pathology were assessed.ResultsTransplantation of human glial precursor populations improved the VWM phenotype. The intrinsic properties of these cells were partially reflected by cell fate post‐transplantation, but were also affected by the host microenvironment. Strikingly, the spread of transplanted cells into the white matter versus the gray matter was different when grafted into the VWM brain as compared to a healthy brain.ConclusionsTransplantation of human glial cell populations can have therapeutic effects for VWM. For further translation to the clinic, the microenvironment in the VWM patient brain should be considered as an important moderator of cell replacement therapy.
Risk factors for granulomas in children following immunization with aluminium‐adsorbed vaccines: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hoffmann Stine Skovbo , Thiesson Emilia Myrup , Johansen Jeanne Duus , Hviid Anders 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAluminium‐adsorbed vaccines may in some children cause severely itching nodules at the injection site, known as vaccination granulomas.ObjectiveTo investigate vaccine‐, child‐ and maternal‐level risk factors for the development of vaccination granulomas following immunization with aluminium‐adsorbed vaccines.MethodsA Danish population‐based cohort study with 553 932 children born in Denmark from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018, vaccinated with an aluminium‐adsorbed vaccine during the first year of life, followed until 31 December 2020. Poisson regression was used to estimate granuloma rate ratios according to the type of adjuvant, accumulated dose of aluminium, timing of vaccination appointments, sex, gestational age, having siblings with granulomas, maternal age and maternal ethnicity.ResultsWe identified 1901 vaccination granuloma cases (absolute risk, 0.34%). Among vaccine level factors, revaccination (third vs. first vaccination appointment, adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.55), the specific adjuvant used (aluminium phosphate vs. hydroxide, RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48–0.70) and dosage (≥1.0 mg vs. <1.0 mg, RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19–1.52) were associated with risk of granulomas; the timing of vaccination appointments was not. Among child‐level factors, female sex (vs. males, RR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.02–1.22), prematurity (vs. term birth, RR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.54–0.93) and having sibling(s) with granulomas (vs. no siblings with granulomas, RR 46.15, 95% CI, 33.67–63.26) were associated with risk of granulomas. Among maternal‐level factors, non‐Danish ethnicity (vs. Danish, RR 0.51, 95% CI, 0.42–0.63) and young maternal age (<20 years vs. 20–39 years, RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.83) were associated with risk of granulomas.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors for vaccination granulomas at the vaccine, child and maternal levels, were identified. Reducing the dose of aluminium or replacing aluminium hydroxide with aluminium phosphate could reduce the risk of granulomas. However, this must be balanced against the potential for reduced immunogenicity.
Systematic C‐reactive protein monitoring reduces hospital stay after laparoscopic ileal pouch–anal anastomosis. A comparative study of 158 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: de Ponthaud Charles , Guyard Clémence , Blondeau Marc , Giacca Massimo , Monsinjon Marie , Frontali Alice , Panis Yves 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimC‐reactive protein (CRP) is a common biomarker of inflammation which has largely been used to predict the risk of postoperative septic complications after colorectal surgery. However, no data exist concerning its potential benefit after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate a CRP‐driven monitoring discharge strategy after laparoscopic IPAA for UC.MethodsSince 2012, 158 patients undergoing a laparoscopic IPAA for UC have been included: 66 patients (CRP group) operated since 2016 had a CRP‐driven monitoring discharge on postoperative day 5 (POD 5) and were discharged on POD 6 if CRP < 100 mg/L; these patients were matched (according to age, gender, body mass index, IPAA in two or three steps) to 92 patients operated between 2012 and 2016 without any CRP monitoring (control group).ResultsMedian length of hospital stay was shorter in the CRP than the control group (7 vs. 9 days; P < 0.001) and discharge on POD 6 occurred more frequently in the CRP group (47% vs. 7%, P < 0.001). No difference was observed between the two groups concerning overall morbidity (P = 0.980), surgical site infection (P = 0.554), Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIa morbidity (P = 0.523), unplanned rehospitalization (P = 0.734) and 30‐day reoperation (P = 0.240).ConclusionCRP‐driven monitoring discharge strategy after laparoscopic IPAA for UC is associated with a significant reduction in length of hospital stay, without increasing morbidity, reoperation or rehospitalization rates.
The impact of postexercise blood flow restriction on local muscle endurance of a remote limb
Authors: Sandbach Paul J. , Carvajal Marlon S. , Uygur Mehmet , Dankel Scott J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have examined the influence of postexercise blood flow restriction as a mechanism to activate muscle afferents and assess nonlocal muscle fatigue. Although these studies have assessed fatigue during maximal contractions, less is known about how these afferents may impact submaximal local muscle endurance, which was the purpose of the present study.MethodsIndividuals completed two testing visits which involved completing a set of elbow flexion exercises to volitional failure on the nondominant followed by the dominant arm. During both trials, a pneumatic cuff was placed at the top of the nondominant arm before exercise. This cuff was inflated to either 0% (control) or 70% (experimental) of the individual's arterial occlusion pressure immediately after the set was completed. We then evaluated how this impacted local muscle endurance of the dominant arm using a Bayesian paired samples t‐test with an uninformed prior width of 0.707 centred on 0.ResultsA total of 36 individuals completed the study (18 females). There was a greater discomfort present in the experimental trial when compared to the control trial (control: 4.5 standard deviation [SD]: 2.4); experimental: 5.8 [SD: 1.9]; BF10 = 61.46), but there were no differences in repetitions completed on the dominant arm (control: 43 [SD: 9], experimental: 43 [SD: 10]; BF10 = 0.179).ConclusionApplying blood flow restriction postexercise induced sensations of discomfort but did not alter the local muscle endurance of the contralateral limb. These results suggest that increasing the activation of muscle afferents does not appear to alter the submaximal muscle endurance of a remote limb.
An empirical and expert‐knowledge hybrid approach to implement farmland habitat assessment for birds
Authors: Chen Szu‐Hung , Wu Chen‐Fa , Lin Da‐Li , Chen Tien‐Shui , Trac Luu Van Thong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBird species survival and breeding depend on necessary abiotic and biotic components of farmland habitat. A hybrid model based on expert knowledge using Analytic Network Process (ANP) integrated with empirical data is a capable approach for conservation scientists to determine the habitat suitability for bird species. Our study assessed the suitable distribution in the ranges of farmland habitats for bird richness throughout Taiwan, focusing on the regularly occurring birds on farmlands. We established a framework for analyzing potential habitat indicators developed by expert interviews. Then, ANP was employed to compute the weight‐based priorities. By combining habitat indicators, we assessed and presented the spatial distribution of habitat suitability. The results show that southern and eastern regions of Taiwan with high habitat suitability scores cover 60,576.51 ha (27.98%) and 40,531.42 ha (30.09%), respectively. The model has an overall accuracy of 70.40%, showing a capable and reliable approach to assessing habitat suitability for bird richness on farmland. Our study highlights a valuable tool for the policy‐makers through exploring suitable farmland habitat spots, where further conservative practices and prudent biodiversity management should be applied.