bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic‐Crafting of Non‐Volatile and Rewritable Antiferromagnetic Spin Textures with Drastic Difference in Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Kuo Chang‐Yang , Liou Yi‐De , Hu Zhiwei , Liao Sheng‐Chieh , Tsai Huang‐Ming , Fu Huang‐Wen , Hua Chih‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lin Hong‐Ji , Tanaka Arata , Chen Chien‐Te , Yang Jan‐Chi , Chang Chun‐Fu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging field of non‐volatile data storage and information processing. The zero net magnetization and zero stray fields of antiferromagnetic materials eliminate interference between neighbor units, leading to high‐density memory integrations. However, this invisible magnetic character at the same time also poses a great challenge in controlling and detecting magnetic states in antiferromagnets. Here, two antiferromagnetic spin states close in energy in strained BiFeO3 thin films at room temperature are discovered. It can be reversibly switched between these two non‐volatile antiferromagnetic states by a moderate magnetic field and a non‐contact optical approach. Importantly, the conductivity of the areas with each antiferromagnetic textures is drastically different. It is conclusively demonstrated the capability of optical writing and electrical reading of these newly discovered bistable antiferromagnetic states in the BiFeO3 thin films.
Current and Future Trends for Polymer Micro/Nanoprocessing in Industrial Applications
Authors: Chen Dan , Wang Yunming , Zhou Helezi , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Yun , Guo Chuan Fei , Zhou Huamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymers are widely used in optical devices, electronic devices, energy‐harvesting/storage devices, and sensors, owing to their low weight, excellent flexibility, and simple fabrication process. With advancements in micro/nanoprocessing techniques and more demanding application requirements, it is becoming necessary to realize high‐resolution fabrication of polymers to prepare miniaturized devices. This is particularly because conventional processing technologies suffer from high thermal stress and strong adhesion/friction, which can irreversibly damage the micro/nanostructures of miniaturized devices. In addition, although the use of advanced fabrication methods to prepare high‐resolution micro/nanostructures is explored, these methods are limited to laboratory research or small‐batch production. This review focuses on the micro/nanoprocessing of polymeric materials and devices with high spatial precision and replication accuracy for industrial applications. Specifically, the current state‐of‐the‐art techniques and future trends for micro/nanomolding, high‐energy beam processing, and micro/nanomachining are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the fabrication and applications of various polymer‐based elements and devices such as microlenses, biosensors, and transistors is provided. These techniques are expected to be widely applied for multiscale and multimaterial processing as well as for multifunction integration in next‐generation integrated devices, such as photoelectric, smart, and biodegradable devices.
Development and Evaluation of Targeted Optical Imaging Probes for Image‐Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wu Yue , Wu Haiwei , Lu Xiaoya , Chen Yi , Zhang Xue , Ju Jiandong , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhu Baocun , Huang Shengyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHead and neck cancer is the 7th most common cancer in the world and the primary treatment is surgical resection. Optical probes have shown great potential for application in image‐guided surgery to delineate tumor margins more accurately. Special biomarkers that are aberrant in tumors are considered in tumor‐targeting strategies. Targeted fluorescent probes can enable accurate visualization of tumor margins with appropriate targeting strategies, thereby providing better sensitivity and specificity. In this review, the preclinical evidence on optical probes that have been developed with specific targeting strategies is summarized and challenges in the clinical translation of novel targeted fluorescent probes are discussed.
Measurable microcystin in Ozark streams was rare during summer 2018 baseflow conditions
Authors: Austin Bradley J. , Haggard Brian E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccelerated eutrophication due to human activity has been linked to an increase in the occurrence of cyanobacteria in freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence of microcystin, a common cyanotoxin, within northwest Arkansas streams. Twenty streams were sampled from May through October 2018, and water and periphyton samples were analyzed for microcystin and chlorophyll‐a (CHL‐a). Mean microcystin concentrations in water samples were low across sites, ranging from < 0.10 to 0.21 μg L−1. Mean microcystin in the periphyton across sites ranged from 2.6 to 9.9 μg m−2 and were within values observed in the literature. All microcystin concentrations measured in these Ozark streams were well below the current USEPA recreational guidelines of 8.0 μg L−1 and the drinking water guidelines of 0.3 μg L−1 for infants and 1.6 μg L−1 for adults.
Insights into the Effect of Heat Treatment and Carbon Coating on the Electrochemical Behaviors of SiO Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shuai , Hou Xiaodong , Wang Dongniu , Zuin Lucia , Zhou Jigang , Hou Yong , Mann Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of SiO as an anode material has attracted significant interest due to its high capacity and long cycling life. Many promising approaches, including structural design and carbon coating at high temperatures, effectively improve its intrinsic low electrical conductivity and poor Coulombic efficiency. However, the “heat treatment process‐composition and microstructure‐electrochemical properties” relationship of the SiO anode is not fundamentally understood. Here the structure and composition evolution in amorphous SiO and graphene‐coated SiO is investigated using different heat‐treatment conditions. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure techniques are also employed to analyze the surface and bulk composition change during the initial lithiation process, supplemented by physical or chemical characterization and electrochemical testing. The results reveal the structural transition of SiO during heat treatment, from amorphous to disproportionated hierarchical structure, where the as‐formed dielectric exterior SiO2 shell and interior SiO2 matrix severely polarizes electrodes, hindering the lithiation process. Carbon coating on SiO effectively restricts the growth of the SiO2 shell and facilitates charge transfer, leading to improved electrochemical performance. A schematic model is proposed to reveal the relationship between the treatments, the resultant structural evolutions, and corresponding electrochemical behaviors.
Characterisation of Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba, Zambia, using morphological, meristic and genetic methods
Authors: Makeche Mauris Chinyama , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Ndebe Joseph , Mulavu Malala , Khumalo Cynthia Sipho , Simulundu Edgar , Changula Katendi , Chitanga Simba , Mubemba Benjamin , Muleya Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at characterising Oreochromis niloticus fish species of Lake Kariba and was premised on the hypothesis that there are different types of O. niloticus fish species in Lake Kariba. Oreochromis niloticus fish specimens (n = 409) were collected from both culture fisheries (Yalelo fishery, Fwanyanga fishery and Choombwe fishery) and capture fisheries (Siavonga and Sinazongwe) based at Lake Kariba from April to November 2020. All the collected fish samples were used for phenotypic characterisation, while 98 were used for genetic characterisation. A total of 23 morphometric measurements and seven meristic counts were used to generate morphometric data which were analysed using multivariate analysis. In order to delineate the sampled specimens, dendrograms were generated. Further, microsatellite data were generated from 98 samples using a panel of five microsatellite markers and analysed using microsatellite toolkit, GenAIEx, Fstat and LIAN software. Meristic results of culture fisheries showed that the sampled fish could be characterised into two strains, while samples from capture fisheries could be characterised into four strains. On the other hand, morphometric characterisation of fish from both culture and capture fisheries grouped the fish into three strains. In addition, population genetic analysis also showed that aquaculture farmers of Lake Kariba are rearing three populations of O. niloticus, while those from capture fisheries are composed of many distinct variant fish strains but can be roughly grouped into two types of O. niloticus fish species. The population of O. niloticus from the wild are genetically diverse, sub‐structured with an absence of panmixia and are present in all fisheries. In conclusion, the fisheries understudy possessed potentially three strains of O. niloticus segregated in approximately three populations.
Effect of fermented corn protein concentrate on growth performance, haemocyte counts, histological structure of hepatopancreas and intestinal condition of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Novriadi Romi , Herawati Vivi Endar , Prayitno Slamet Budi , Windarto Seto , Mertz Keith , Nguyen Duy Hoa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the suitability of commercially produced fermented corn protein concentrate (FCPC) known as MOTIV® (Cargill's IP Product), in replacing fishmeal (FM) and/or poultry by‐product meal (PBM) on growth and health performances of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of five iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets containing 0% FCPC (control), 7.5% FCPC and 1.5% Krill meal (KM) replacing 9% of FM (FCPC 1), 7.5% FCPC and 1% KM replacing 2% poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and 6.5% FM (FCPC2), 7.5% FCPC replacing 3.5% PBM and 4% FM (FCPC3) and 7.5% FCPC to replace 7.5% PBM (FCPC4) on growth performance, total haemocytes count, lysozyme activity, body composition, resistance on acute salinity change, total number of bacteria and histomorphological condition of the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. At the end of the growth trial, the dietary treatments significantly affect the growth performance of shrimp with better growth obtained in shrimp treated with FCPC 1 and 4 compared to the control treatment. For the non‐specific immune system, the inclusion of FCPC had significantly improved the lysozyme activity of L. vannamei but no significant effect to the total haemocytes counts. Total numbers of bacteria were lower in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed on FCPC diets compared to the control treatment. In addition, FCPC diets increased survivability of shrimp acute salinity stress compared to the control group. Our findings suggested that FCPC could be used as an alternative for a sustainable approach to replace FM and/or PBM in shrimp diets to have better growth as well as enhancing stress resistances and increasing antibacterial responses of shrimp through enhancing the lysozyme activities in L. vannamei
High‐performance Sn‐based anode with robust lignin‐derived hard carbon support for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jie , Yin Huanhuan , Wang Ziqi , Gao Jiafeng , Jiang Qiwen , Xu Yutong , Chen Zui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTin anode has great potential for sodium‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, but its tremendous volume expansion during the sodium (de)alloying processes leads to the structural degradation and cycling instability. Herein, we report a new design strategy by using low‐cost enzymatic hydrolysis lignin‐derived hard carbon as an ideal support for Sn particles dispersion. Sn can be uniformly anchored on the robust carbon substrate, to efficiently relieve Sn volume expansion upon cycling. In addition, conductive hard carbon support can facilitate electrons to transfer and further enhance Na+ storage capacity and accelerate facile Na+ diffusion in the Sn/C hybrid anodes. The resultant Sn/C hybrids as anodes deliver high‐rate performance as well as distinguished cycling stability in view of high reversible capacity of 374 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and capacity retention of 91% at 1000 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles, benefiting from high electrical conductivity, highly dispersed Sn particles and suitable pore structure. This work is expected to provide fresh insight into cost‐effective Sn‐based anodes for sodium ion batteries.
Moisture‐induced anti‐plasticization of polylactic acid: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Chen Yu , Tang Tian , Ayranci Cagri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from bio‐renewable resources. The effect of diffused water molecules on the mechanical properties of PLA, before the onset of hydrolytic degradation, has been rarely studied. In this work, PLA fibers produced by melt‐extrusion were conditioned in chambers with different levels of relative humidity (36%, 75%, and 98%), as well as immersed in distilled water. Creep tests were conducted on dry and conditioned samples and creep compliances were extracted. With the increase of moisture content, the decrease in instantaneous elastic compliance, as well as the more flattened curves in the last stage of the creep tests, indicates the existence of water‐bridge‐anti‐plasticization effect. The modified Burgers‐Reimschuessel model developed in our previous work is found to be able to predict the effect of absorbed moisture on the viscoelasticity of PLA. The present work highlights the importance of considering the moisture's anti‐plasticization effect. The proposed methodology can be adopted to evaluate the effect of moisture on the viscoelasticity of PLA for different applications.
ASH1L may contribute to the risk of Tourette syndrome: Combination of family‐based analysis and case–control study
Authors: Liu Wenmiao , Xu Lulu , Zhang Cheng , Shen Lu , Dong Jicheng , Zhang Han , Liu Shiguo , Che Fengyuan , Zheng Xueping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder caused by various genetic and environmental factors and presents with apparent genetic heterogeneity. As ASH1L potentially contributes to neurodevelopmental diseases, especially in TS, we aim to investigate the susceptibility of ASH1L on TS in the Chinese Han population.MethodsThree tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs5005770, rs12734374, and rs35615695) in ASH1L were screened in 271 TS nuclear family trios and 337 healthy subjects by the TaqMan assays real time. A case–control study combined with family‐based analysis was applied to study the genetic susceptibility of common variants of ASH1L.ResultsThe results revealed a significant over‐transmission of rs35615695 and rs5005770 (for rs35615695, transmission disequilibrium test, χ2 = 57.375, p = .000, HHRR, χ2 = 4.807, p = .028; for rs5005770, HRR, χ2 = 4.116, p = .042, HHRR, χ2 = 8.223, p = .004) in family‐based study. Furthermore, rs5005770 and rs35615695 still remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < .017). However, the two SNPs (rs5005770 and rs35615695) were found not to be associated with TS in case–control study.ConclusionsOur study suggests that ASH1L may contribute to TS susceptibility in the Han Chinese population and involved in TS development as a risk factor.
The slope associated with nadir prostate‐specific antigen is prognostically significant in men with hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer after primary androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Zhenhao Zeng , Xiaofeng Cheng , Hao Jiang , Ming Yi , Hongtao Zhang , Wenrui He , Cheng Zhang , Xiaochen Zhou , Gongxian Wang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic indicators based on the initial prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, nadir PSA, and time to PSA nadir were calculated to evaluate prognosis after primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT), as these have been reported in very few studies. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic role of the slope associated with nadir PSA in patients treated with PADT.MethodsA total of 107 patients who were treated with PADT from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the prognostic significance of the slope associated with nadir PSA in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsAfter PADT, the median follow‐up duration was 40.1 months; 66 patients (61.7%) had disease progression, and 33 patients (30.8%) died. In the univariate analysis, T stage, N stage, nadir PSA, time to PSA nadir, nadir PSA declining slope (nPSA‐DS), nadir PSA percentage declining slope (nPSA‐PDS), and nadir PSA line slope (nPSA‐LS) were significant predictors for PFS and OS. The multivariate analysis showed that a higher nPSA‐DS (> − 0.74) and lower PSA nadir (≤0.16 ng/ml) were independent predictors for prolonged survival. The significance of nPSA‐DS and nPSA was supported by the analysis of nPSA‐DS and nPSA as time‐dependent covariates. The combined analyses demonstrated that patients with a higher nPSA‐DS and lower PSA nadir had the best PFS and OS.ConclusionsThe slope associated with the nadir PSA of nPSA‐DS was a significant independent predictor for patients treated with PADT. Nadir PSA and nPSA‐DS have a synergistic effect on prognosis.
Development of a Novel Supersaturation Monitoring System in Continuous Crystallization of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O
Authors: Tsushima Ippei , Maeda Kouji , Yamamoto Takuji , Ito Kazuhiro , Arafune Koji , Taguchi Syogo , Miki Hideo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContinuous crystallization via indirect cooling of potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) was carried out using a draft tube‐type crystallizer with a circulation flow path. The crystallizer was equipped with a newly designed system to monitor the degree of supersaturation in the circulation channel. The average degree of supercooling and growth rate were measured. The crystal growth rates calculated by the population balance model and the supersaturation monitor were different but close. The average supersaturation calculated from the supercooling degree and the solubility data in the literature was 0.19 g per 100 g H2O. This system is also expected to be applied to industrial crystallization where impurities are present.
A universal spray printing strategy to prepare gradient hybrid architectures
Authors: Du Lingyu , Bi Songshan , Hu Yang , Wang Rui , Zhu Jiacai , Zhang Minghui , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFunctionally gradient materials (FGMs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and structures. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare scalable FGMs by a universal, cost‐effective, and highly efficient method. Here, a strategy of combining in situ concentration regulation and spraying is developed to fabricate continuously gradient composite films (GCFs), where the component gradient variation can be well controlled. This strategy is universal and versatile, which is beneficial to inducing different components into GCFs with gradient distributions and further constructing them with diverse configurations on various substrates. The gradient design endows the composite films with excellent mechanical strength and gradient electron transport pathways, which ensures that GCFs directly serve as the electrodes in electrochemical devices. As a proof of concept, free‐standing GCFs based on V2O5 nanomaterials are used as cathodes of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. The resultant devices deliver superior electrochemical performances in comparison with the counterparts of homogeneous case. Therefore, this universal strategy provides a promising route in the scalable production of FGMs and further extends their applications in various fields.
The clinical utility of extended high‐risk HPV genotyping in risk‐stratifying women with L‐SIL cytology: A retrospective study of 8726 cases
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Zhang Hao , Xiao Yaoxing , Zhong Fangfang , Zhou Xianrong , Cong Qing , Sui Long , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUNDThe value of extended high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotyping for cervical cancer screening in women with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (L‐SIL) cytology has been recognized, but few studies have investigated this.METHODSWomen with L‐SIL Papanicolaou results who underwent human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping between October 2017 and October 2021 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were identified. Their HPV results were correlated with immediate histopathologic follow‐up findings.RESULTSIn total, 8726 women who had L‐SIL cytology and extended HPV genotyping results were analyzed. The overall hrHPV‐positive rate was 84% in women with L‐SIL, and the most prevalent hrHPV genotypes were type 52 (HPV52) (20.7%), HPV53 (15.7%), and HPV16 (14.3%). Single and multiple coinfections of hrHPV genotypes were detected in 57.2% and 42.8% of women with positive hrHPV results, respectively. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥2 (CIN2+) was identified in 8.5% of hrHPV‐positive women. The CIN2+ detection rate in women who had multiple hrHPV infections (9.9%) was significantly higher than the rate in those who had infection with a single HPV type (7.2%). The top 5 CIN2+‐associated HPV infections were HPV16 (25.2%), HPV82 (17.8%), HPV33 (16.3%), HPV31 (14.6%), and HPV26 (13.8%). For the composite group with HPV types HPV16, HPV26, HPV82, HPV31, HPV18, HPV33, HPV58, HPV35, HPV52, and HPV51, the risk of CIN2+ was 11.5% and represented 97.1% of all CIN2+ in biopsied, hrHPV‐positive patients. The composite group of 8 remaining HPV genotypes (HPV39, HPV45, HPV53, HPV56, HPV59, HPV66, HPV68, and HPV73) was identified in 29.7% of hrHPV‐positive patients, and the risk of CIN2+ for this composite group was similar to the risk of CIN2+ in hrHPV‐negative patients.CONCLUSIONSThis large retrospective study in a predominantly unvaccinated cohort demonstrated that extended hrHPV genotyping improves genotype‐specific risk stratification in women with L‐SIL.;
Grid integration of three phase solar powered fault‐tolerant cascaded H‐bridge inverter
Authors: Jami Rajesh , Nakka Jayaram , Pulavarthi Satya Venkata Kishore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming popular recently due to the merits of stable support to conventional grid, limiting global warming and reduced emissions. However, maintaining capacitor voltage balancing, unity power factor, sinusoidal grid current, and harmonic profile improvement are challenging tasks owing to change in irradiation conditions. Multilevel inverters (MLI) in grid‐connected systems will enhance the system's power quality in terms of voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD). One of the most promising multilevel topologies for renewable energy applications is the cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter. Since CHB inverters include many components, they have a higher risk of failure, lowering system reliability. Due to the change in irradiation condition, the voltage across the corresponding DC link capacitor may vary. Therefore, the DC‐link capacitor balancing is mandatory and done by an individual control scheme. This paper presents a highly reliable, robust, and modular solar PV‐fed fault‐tolerant CHB inverter with an individual voltage/current control strategy for grid integration. Higher reliability and modularity, power factor correction, and harmonic profile improvement are the main objectives of the proposed system. The proposed system has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated with experimental results on the developed prototype for different irradiation conditions.