bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of tumor suppressor gene LHPP-based 5-microRNA signature that predicts the early and mid-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a two-stage case-control study in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Zhu Xiaocun , Wang Luoshai , Chen Yurao , Chen Ronghuai , Zheng Zemao , Yang Hengjin , Xia Wan , Yao Juan , Zhao Kun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Global Cancer Statistics 2020 estimated that there were 544,076 deaths from esophageal cancer. It has been confirmed that phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) is an important tumor suppressor gene in many solid tumor tissues, but its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been reported. Furthermore, this study explored LHPP-based microRNA (miRNA) signatures for predicting early and mid-stage ESCC. We used next-generation sequencing to analyze and screen out the miRNAs differentially expressed in ESCC tissues. Besides, we explored the expression profile of miRNAs involved in LHPP regulation through miRDB, TargetScan, and miRanda online prediction systems. A model for ESCC prediction was established based on a testing cohort of 75 ESCC patients and 75 healthy controls. Finally, the predictive model was evaluated using a validation cohort of 45 ESCC patients and 45 healthy controls. Compared with adjacent tissues, LHPP protein levels in early and mid-stage ESCC tumor tissues were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Next-generation sequencing and three biological online prediction systems indicated that miR-15b-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-497-5p, miR-363-5p, and miR-195-5p regulate LHPP expression. The levels of the above five miRNAs and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in plasma were significantly increased in the early and mid-stage ESCC patients (P<0.05). Then, an ESCC prediction model combining these five miRNAs and SCC was established. Finally, in an external validation cohort, the model exhibited a high discriminative value (sensitivity/specificity: 84.4%/93.3%). The combined noninvasive model we constructed has potential implications for the noninvasive diagnosis of early and mid-stage ESCC.
Enhanced self-phase modulation in silicon nitride nanowires with integrated graphene oxide 2D films
Authors: Moss David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate enhanced self-phase modulation (SPM) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides integrated with 2D graphene oxide (GO) films. GO films are integrated onto Si3N4 waveguides using a solution-based, transfer-free coating method that enables precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurements are carried out using both picosecond and femtosecond optical pulses. Owing to the high Kerr nonlinearity of GO, the hybrid waveguides show significantly improved spectral broadening compared to the uncoated waveguide, achieving a broadening factor of up to ~ 3.4 for a device with 2 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguide nonlinear parameter by a factor of up to 18.4 and a Kerr coefficient (n2) of GO that is about 5 orders of magnitude higher than Si3N4. Finally, we provide a theoretical analysis for the influence of GO film length, coating position, and its saturable absorption on the SPM performance. These results verify the effectiveness of on-chip integrating 2D GO films to enhance the nonlinear optical performance of Si3N4 devices.
Predisposing and Reinforcing Factors of Undernutrition Among 0-to 59-Months-Old Children in Rural Communities of Central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Maureen , Chilanga Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Child undernutrition is a public health problem in Malawi. In 2015, about 23% of child mortality was linked to the phenomenon. Child undernutrition is more prevalent in rural areas and there is limited data to inform rural-specific programs. The aims of this study are to examine the prevalence and predisposing factors of undernutrition among 0–59 months-old children in rural central Malawi.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 538 child/mother dyads were systematically selected from postnatal clinics. Anthropometric assessment techniques and socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. Child Z-scores for anthropometric data were calculated using Anthro v3.2.2. Logistic regressions were used to determine correlates of undernutrition.
Results
The rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, limited access to safe water, and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) were risk factors of child stunting (OR = 1.72, CI: 1.13–2.61) and (OR = 1.505, CI: 1.001–2.261) respectively. Child deworming, born at a low weight, and food insecurity were some of risk factors of child underweight (OR = 2.14, CI: 1.18–3.89), (OR = 2.41, CI: 1.23–4.71), and (OR = 1.89, CI: 1.01–3.51) respectively. Households that were near domestic water supply had low risk of registering wasted children (OR = 0.18, CI: 0.41–0.79).
Conclusions
Only the prevalence of child stunting is greater in central Malawi compared to national level. This study suggests that child nutrition planners in Dowa district should pay attention to water access, food security, child deworming, childbirth weight, and IPV.
Risk Factors of Depression Among Mothers of Children with Chronic Health Conditions and Disability in Central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Emmanuel , Chilanga Maureen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The number of pediatric chronic health conditions and disabilities (PCHCD) in Malawi are rising. Caregivers of children with chronic health condition and disabilities (CHCD) experience elevated depression that undermine optimum childcare support. Currently, there is dearth of knowledge on the prevalence and underlying factors that predispose depression among mothers of children with CHCD in Malawi. The study aims to examine the perceived social environmental factors that triggers anxiety and depression among mothers of children with CHCD in rural Malawi. Methods The study utilized a sequential mixed-method research design. A multistage cross-sectional study design was used to sample 198 mothers for the survey, and purposively recruited 27 mothers for the in-depth interviews. A descriptive analysis examined the prevalence of depression. A phenomenological approach was used to understand the drivers of depression. The qualitative interviews were transcribed and subsequently coded using thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of depression among mothers of children under five years with CHCD was 47%. Notable perceived predisposing factors of depression were constant fear of their child’s well-being and safety, lack of community and professional support, and inaccessibility of specialized healthcare services due to poverty. Conclusion Depression among mothers of children with CHCD is a significant health problem in rural Malawi that warrant intervention. We suggest that programs that can enhance the wellbeing and safety of children and offer socioeconomic support to mothers can potentially mitigate depression.
Go Fund My Life: Challenging the Meritocracy Narrative of Online Medical Fundraisers
Authors: Lanius Candice , Fisk Nathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Crowdfunding websites rely on a myth of equal access for all, but that claim has not been tested empirically. In this study, 5,440 medical crowdfunding campaigns were analyzed to identify trends in who gets funded. Initial findings show urban and wealthy fundraisers receive more funds, a pattern that we theorize relates to microcelebrity status. Racial differences were only partially found, with Native Americans receiving more social media shares and higher dollar amounts. A thematic and sentiment analysis of the campaigns found tropes and emotional tones that were consistent across the campaigns. Future analysis may reveal patterns related to rhetorical performance in the fundraisers request and how that relates to success.
Using machine learning to assess cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients without established cardiovascular disease: The MARK-2 analysis
Authors: GHOSAL SAMIT , Sinha Binayak 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment is the cornerstone for choosing the most appropriate antihyperglycemic agent. One of the major obstacles in the use of such scores is that the process is time consuming, which is a deterrent in a busy clinic. The aim of the present analysis was to explore means of reducing the number of inputs to make the scoring faster and more acceptable to physicians.Methods:We used the MARK survey dataset to assess the utility of the QRISK 3 CV risk score in the Indian population (n=1,538); participants were recruited from five zones (east, west, north, south, and central). Machine learning techniques were used to analyze the existing MARK data. The XGBoost algorithm was used to create the model needed to identify the clinical parameters of interest. Dimension reduction techniques were employed to identify the clinical parameters of importance based on the accrued gain values. As the final step, a confusion matrix was created to assess the model’s accuracy and precision.Results:We identified ten parameters of clinical interest that could predict the 10-year CV risk and were comparable with the QRISK 3 score (with 21 parameters). The parameters identified by machine learning (ML) were age, sex, BMI, smoking status, blood pressure, treatment with antihypertensive agents, angina, total cholesterol, the total cholesterol/HDL ratio, and CKD. This dimension reduction was possible with a model accuracy of 95.12%.Conclusion:There were ten routinely assessed parameters identified with machine learning techniques that can assist physicians in determining the CV risk of T2D patients within a short period of time.
Identifying exposure pathways mediating adverse birth outcomes near active surface mines in Central Appalachia
Authors: Ruktanonchai Corrine Warren , McKnight Molly Xi , Buttling Lauren Grace , Kolivras Korine N , Krometis Leigh-Anne , Gohlke Julia M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous work has determined an association between proximity to active surface mining within Central Appalachia and an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW). Multiple potential exposure pathways may exist, however, including inhalation of particulate matter (airshed exposure), or exposure to impacted surface waters (watershed exposure). We hypothesize that this relationship is mediated by exposure to contaminants along one or both of these pathways. Methods: We geolocated 194,084 birth records through health departments in WV, KY, VA and TN between 1990 and 2015. We performed a mediation analysis, iteratively including within our models: a) the percent of active surface mining within 5 km of maternal residence during gestation; b) the cumulative surface mining airshed trajectories experienced during gestation, and; c) the percent of active surface mining occurring within the watershed of residency during gestation.Results: Our baseline models found that active surface mining was associated with an increased odds of PTB (1.09, 1.05 – 1.13) and LBW (1.06, 1.02 – 1.11), controlling for individual-level predictors. When mediators were added to the baseline model, the association between active mining and birth outcomes became non-significant (PTB: 0.48, 0.14 – 1.58; LBW 0.78, 0.19 – 3.00), while the association between PTB and LBW remained significant by airshed exposure (PTB: 1.14, 1.11 – 1.18; LBW: 1.06, 1.03 – 1.10).Conclusions: Our results found that surface mining airsheds at least partially explained the association between active mining and adverse birth outcomes, consistent with a hypothesis of mediation, while mediation via the watershed pathway was less evident.
The Mirror Reversal Mechanism on Black Hole Collapse and Singularity Eruption in Cosmic Continuum
Authors: Wang Xijia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the Big Bang Theory and the Black Hole Theory, the existing laws of physics all fail at the singularity, and the singularity has become a blind spot in the existing scientific theories. In this paper, the mechanism of black hole collapse and singularity eruption are deduced using the axiom system of the cosmic continuum. The universe was not created by an instantaneous explosion, but by the continuous eruption of singularities. As long as the singularity is still erupting, the universe will not stop expanding. The cosmic system collapse into a Schwarzschild black hole under the action of a strong gravitational field, and the Planck spheres at the center of the black hole continues to collapse into dark mass bodies, forming dark celestial body and singularity. The Schwarzschild radius is the upper limit of a black hole, and the Planck sphere is the lower limit of a black hole. The singularity is the conversion point between the old and new cosmic systems. The singularity erupts the Planck spheres under the action of a strong gravitational field, and the Planck spheres expands outward to form a new cosmic system. The Planck sphere is both the end of the old cosmic system and the starting point of the new cosmic system. The black hole collapse and the singularity eruption are mirror images of each other. The Planck sphere is the front of the mirror, and the singularity is the back of the mirror.
Valorization of spent coffee grounds through pyrolysis as adsorbent for the removal of Vivizole Red 3BS dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Adamu Admasu , Zewge Feleke , Chebude Yonas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ever-increasing coffee consumption results in the generation of a significant amount of solid residue in the form of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and their subsequent disposal causes environmental pollution. Valorization of SCG through pyrolysis could be one of the solutions to this challenge. Pristine biochar of SCG shows less efficiency to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. Herein, iron(III) salt was used as a catalyst during the carbonization of SCG and has a good graphitization efficiency and thus enhanced the formation of aromatic structures, which provide adsorption sites for the dye. The physical characteristics of the prepared biochar were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and BET. A predictive model for the removal of the dye was investigated with the Design Expert 11.0 software through the central composite design (CCD) - response surface methodology (RSM) by conducting a batch adsorption study, and the suggested optimum values of the CCD were 10 ppm initial dye concentration, 1 g per 100 ml adsorbent dose, and contact time of 101 min with optimum predicted dye removal of 99%. The Langmuir model was the best fitted isotherm model with an adsorption capacity of 2.07 mg/g, and the adsorption kinetic equilibrium data was better described by the pseudo-second-order model and from the thermodynamic study, it has been suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, favorable, endothermic, and a physicochemisorption in nature. The possible adsorption mechanisms governing the adsorption process of the dye with biochar are π – π electron donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding.
A hybrid artificial neural network: An optimization-based framework for smart groundwater governance
Authors: El Mezouari Asmae , El Fazziki Abdelaziz , Sadgal Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given the growing scarcity and strong demand for water resources, the sustainability of water resource management requires an urgent policy of measures to ensure the rational use of these resources. The heterogeneous properties of groundwater systems are related to the dynamic temporal-spatial patterns that cause great difficulty in quantifying their complex processes, while good regional groundwater level forecasts are completely required for managing water resources to guarantee suitable support of water demands within any area. Water managers and farmers need intelligent groundwater and irrigation planning systems and effective mechanisms to benefit from the scientific and technological revolution, particularly the artificial intelligence engines, to enhance the water support in their water use planning practices. Therefore, this work aims to improve the groundwater level prediction based on the previous measures for better planning of hydraulic resource use. For this concern, the suggested method starts with data-preprocessing using the Principal Component Analysis method. Next, we validated the effectiveness of the hybrid artificial neural network, combined with an extended genetic algorithm for the hyperparameters and weight optimization, in predicting the groundwater levels in a selected monitoring well in California. The evaluation results have demonstrated the performance of the optimized ANN-GA model.
The Effect of Probiotic and Synbiotic Consumption on the Most Prevalent
Chemotherapy-related Complications: A Systematic Review of
Current Literature
Authors: Arab Arman , Karimi Elham , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To date, many investigations have employed pro-/synbiotic to examine
their effects on chemotherapy-related side effects; nevertheless, their findings are inconclusive.
To address this issue, we carried out a systematic review to explore the effect of pro-
/synbiotic consumption on chemotherapy-related side effects, including nausea, vomiting, mucositis,
diarrhea, and constipation in adults using randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
The electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Sciences,
were searched systematically from the earliest available date to March 2021 to identify eligible
studies. The quality of the enrolled studies was assessed based on the Cochrane
Collaboration Risk of Bias tool.

Results:
A total of 10 studies involving 788 individuals were included in the current
systematic review, with the sample size ranging from 25 to 200 and the mean age ranging
from 51.04 to 66.91 years. The findings of this study imply that probiotic consumption
may be more effective in terms of mucositis compared to other complications.

Conclusion:
Further good-quality RCTs with better methodology are required to determine
whether and how pro-/synbiotics can prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced side effects.
The current systematic review findings may help investigators of future studies in
selecting the study population and probiotic strains.
Favipiravir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is it Worth it?
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Alexiou Athanasios , Moubarak Mohamed , Shaheen Hazem M. , Zakariya Ali M. , Usman Ibe M. , Rauf Abdur , Adhikari Achyut , Dey Abhijit , Hetta Helal F. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Favipiravir is a potential antiviral drug undergoing clinical trials to manage various viral
infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Favipiravir
possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, these
viruses do not have authorized antiviral drugs for the management of diseases resulting from their
infection, hence the dire need to accentuate the discovery of antiviral drugs that are efficacious and
have a broad spectrum. Favipiravir acts primarily by blocking inward and outward movements of
the virus from cells. Favipiravir is a prodrug undergoing intracellular phosphorylation and ribosylation
to form an active form, favipiravir-RTP, which binds viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp). Considering the novel mechanism of favipiravir action, especially in managing viral
infections, it is vital to pay more attention to the promised favipiravir hold in the management
of SARS-CoV-2, its efficacy, and dosage regimen, and interactions with other drugs.
In conclusion, favipiravir possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including COVID-
19. Favipiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of RdRp. Pre-clinical
and large-scalp prospective studies are recommended for efficacy and long-term safety of favipiravir
in COVID-19.
A Review on Benzimidazole Scaffolds as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan Complex Biosynthesis
Authors: Pappachen Leena K. , Bhaskar Vaishnav , Kumar Sunil , Nair Aathira S. , Rajappan Krishnendu P. , Sudevan Sachithra T. , Parambi Della G.T. , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Zachariah Subin M. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known infectious diseases to mankind,
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although current treatment using first-line anti-tubercular
drugs is proven to be effective, an infection caused by resistant strains, as in multidrug-resistant
and extensive drug- resistant tuberculosis is still an impending challenge to treat.

Objective:
Our objective is to focus on reporting benzimidazole derivatives that are targeting mycobacterial
membrane biosynthesis, particularly the mycobacterial mycolyl-arabinogalactanpeptidoglycan
complexes. From the literature survey, it has been noted that targeting Mycobacterium
tuberculosis cell membrane biosynthesis is an effective approach to fight against drug
resistance in tuberculosis.

Methods:
Articles on benzimidazole derivatives as inhibitors of proteins responsible for the biosynthesis
of the mycobacterial mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex have been selected.

Results:
By reviewing the anti-tubercular activity of the reported benzimidazole derivatives, we
have concluded that a correlation between benzimidazole derivatives and their biological activity is
found. It has been noted that benzimidazole derivatives with substitution at N1, C2, C5, and C6 positions
have shown a greater affinity towards target proteins.

Conclusion:
Even though scientific advancement toward the prevention of tuberculosis has been
quite significant in the past few decades, infection caused by resistant strains is a major concern.
We have collected data on benzimidazole derivatives that inhibit the biosynthesis of mycolic acid,
arabinogalactan and, peptidoglycan. From our observations, we conclude that majority of the molecules
have given anti-tubercular activity in nanomolar range. Still there are few mycobacterial
membrane biosynthesis proteins where benzimidazole as an inhibitor has yet to be explored.
Design and Metal-Free Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 5Hchromeno[ 4,3-b]pyridine Derivatives as Anti-Proliferative Agents
Authors: Rao M. Sayaji , Reddy Basi Venkata Subba , Kamireddy Kamalaker Reddy , Bantu Rajashaker , Misra Sunil , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: April 2022

Background:A novel metal-free approach is reported for the synthesis of 5H-chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives. Indeed, chromene derivatives are found to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antirhinovirus, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties.Methods:This method provides an easy access to a large number of 5H-chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine scaffolds by the condensation of 3-formylchromene with -enaminoesters under thermal conditions. All compounds are well characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. This is a safe and convenient protocol.Results:Thus newly synthesized compounds are evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, such as B16 (Skin cancer), DU145 (Prostate cancer), Hela (Cervical cancer) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary).Conclusion:Among them, compounds 3n and 3o shows an excellent anti-proliferation activity against CHO (IC50 12.33+1.13 μM), Hela (IC50 22.33+0.51 μM), and B16 (IC50 27.61+0.8 μM) cell lines, while compounds 3c, 3g and 3q exhibits promising anti-proliferation against above four human cancer cell lines with IC50 14.96+1.9, 15.59+0.9, 13.8+0.06 μM, respectively, compared with a standard drug Doxorubicin & Mitomycin.