bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECMO utilization in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the USA
Authors: Kokhanov Artemiy , Lau Claudia , Garg Meena , Jen Howard , Chu Alison 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a cause of significant morbidity. CDH is the most common neonatal diagnosis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsWe compared the different characteristics of ECMO and non-ECMO patients with CDH in a case-control study. Data were extracted from the Kids’ Inpatient Database. Records from 2006 to 2016 were used. Patients <28 days of age were selected. CDH infants (n=9217) were stratified based on whether they were treated with ECMO (n=348) or not (n=8869). Demographic data and hospital characteristics were collected. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2tests to determine associations between the ECMO-treated and non-ECMO-treated infants on demographic and clinical characteristics. Differences in hospitalization costs were analyzed using t-test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were stratified by clinical and demographic characteristics to identify factors associated with ECMO. Significant variables were included in the model to determine predictors for ECMO.ResultsThe proportion of infants treated with ECMO was higher in White infants, and lower in Hispanics. The cost of hospitalization was higher with ECMO (p<0.0001). ECMO patients were more likely to be treated in their birth hospital (p<0.001), at an urban location (p<0.001) and more likely to have private insurance (p=0.011). After adjusting for confounders, odds of ECMO treatment remained lower in Hispanics (p=0.001) and self-payers (p=0.004).ConclusionThere was a decrease in the proportion of CDH infants needing ECMO use in the USA from 2006 to 2016. Disparities exist in ECMO use and mortality between different ethnic groups and regions of the USA.
Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment
Authors: Aprile E. , Abe K. , Agostini F. , Ahmed Maouloud S. , Alfonsi M. , Althueser L. , Angelino E. , Angevaare J. R. , Antochi V. C. , Antón Martin D. , Arneodo F. , Baudis L. , Baxter A. L. , Bellagamba L. , Biondi R. , Bismark A. , Brown A. , Bruenner S. , Bruno G. , Budnik R. , Capelli C. , Cardoso J. M. R. , Cichon D. , Cimmino B. , Clark M. , Colijn A. P. , Conrad J. , Cuenca-García J. J. , Cussonneau J. P. , D’Andrea V. , Decowski M. P. , Gangi P. Di , Pede S. Di , Giovanni A. Di , Stefano R. Di , Diglio S. , Elykov A. , Farrell S. , Ferella A. D. , Fischer H. , Fulgione W. , Gaemers P. , Gaior R. , Galloway M. , Gao F. , Glade-Beucke R. , Grandi L. , Grigat J. , Higuera A. , Hils C. , Hiraide K. , Hoetzsch L. , Howlett J. , Iacovacci M. , Itow Y. , Jakob J. , Joerg F. , Kato N. , Kavrigin P. , Kazama S. , Kobayashi M. , Koltman G. , Kopec A. , Landsman H. , Lang R. F. , Levinson L. , Li I. , Liang S. , Lindemann S. , Lindner M. , Liu K. , Lombardi F. , Long J. , Lopes J. A. M. , Ma Y. , Macolino C. , Mahlstedt J. , Mancuso A. , Manenti L. , Manfredini A. , Marignetti F. , Marrodán Undagoitia T. , Martens K. , Masbou J. , Masson D. , Masson E. , Mastroianni S. , Messina M. , Miuchi K. , Mizukoshi K. , Molinario A. , Moriyama S. , Morå K. , Mosbacher Y. , Murra M. , Ni K. , Oberlack U. , Palacio J. , Peres R. , Pienaar J. , Pierre M. , Pizzella V. , Plante G. , Qi J. , Qin J. , Ramírez García D. , Reichard S. , Rocchetti A. , Rupp N. , Sanchez L. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Sartorelli G. , Schreiner J. , Schulte D. , Schulze Eißing H. , Schumann M. , Lavina L. Scotto , Selvi M. , Semeria F. , Shagin P. , Shockley E. , Silva M. , Simgen H. , Takeda A. , Tan P. L. , Terliuk A. , Therreau C. , Thers D. , Toschi F. , Trinchero G. , Tunnell C. , Tönnies F. , Valerius K. , Volta G. , Wei Y. , Weinheimer C. , Weiss M. , Wenz D. , Westermann J. , Wittweg C. , Wolf T. , Xu Z. , Yamashita M. , Yang L. , Ye J. , Yuan L. , Zavattini G. , Zhang Y. , Zhong M. , Zhu T. , Zopounidis J. P. ,   XENON Collaboration, Laubenstein M. , Nisi S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and $$^{222}$$

222

Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background ($$\sim $$
∼
17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected $$^{222}$$

222

Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 ($$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$

-
0.7

+
0.5

) $$\upmu $$
μ
Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
Dremel
Authors: Zhao Chenxingyu , Chugh Tapan , Min Jaehong , Liu Ming , Krishnamurthy Arvind 
Published: July 2022

LSM-tree-based key-value stores like RocksDB are widely used to support many applications. However, configuring a RocksDB instance is challenging for the following reasons: 1) RocksDB has a massive parameter space to configure; 2) there are inherent trade-offs and dependencies between parameters; 3) optimal configurations are dependent on workload and hardware; and 4) evaluating configurations is time-consuming. Prior works struggle with handling the curse of dimensionality, capturing relationships between parameters, adapting configurations to workload and hardware, and evaluating quickly.
We present a system, Dremel, to adaptively and quickly configure RocksDB with strategies based on the Multi-Armed Bandit model. To handle the large parameter space, we propose using fused features, which encode domain-specific knowledge, to work as a compact and powerful representation for configurations. To adapt to the workload and hardware, we build an online bandit model to identify the best configuration. To evaluate quickly, we enable multi-fidelity evaluation and upper-confidence-bound sampling to speed up configuration search. Dremel not only achieves up to ×2.61 higher IOPS and 57% less latency than default configurations but also achieves up to 63% improvement over prior works on 18 different settings with the same or smaller time budget.
This paper is an abridged version.
NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 Regulation of Chronic Visceral Hyperalgesia
Authors: Gu Qiaoyan , Lei Yuan , Wu Jianming , He Ting , Li Juanjuan , Song Shanshan 
Published: July 2022

Objective. We previously described that different concentration Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/Nesfatin-1 gradients differently regulated visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on model rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia. Methods. Neonatal and mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the healthy control and chronic visceral hyperalgesia model groups. The model was built by combining maternal separation with the acetic acid enema. The models were identified by the distension volume threshold to reach

abdominal

withdraw

reflex

AWR

score
=
3

, histological staining, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) detection. The visceral sensitivity to chronic visceral hyperalgesia was then evaluated. Result. Rats in the model group responded more strongly to pulling stimulation than healthy controls; the distension volume threshold causing AWR3 response in model rats was lower than the control group before NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 intervention. After intervention, the distension volume threshold was significantly lower in the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 central intervention group than in the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 peripheral intervention group, and the peak value of external oblique muscle electrical activity was significantly higher. Additionally, compared with the male intervention group, in the female intervention group, the volume threshold was significantly lower and the peak value was higher. Conclusion. NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 could regulate visceral sensitivity in chronic visceral hyperalgesia model rats; its regulatory effect correlated with the type of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 intervention approaches (central or peripheral) and sex (male or female).
Retinoic Acid Receptor Activation Reduces Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Lesions by Blocking the Endothelial-to-Osteoblast Transition
Authors: Yu Guoyu , Corn Paul G. , Shen Pengfei , Song Jian H. , Lee Yu-Chen , Lin Song-Chang , Pan Jing , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Panaretakis Theocharis , Pacifici Maurizio , Logothetis Christopher J. , Yu-Lee Li-Yuan , Lin Sue-Hwa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetastatic prostate cancer in the bone induces bone-forming lesions that contribute to progression and therapy resistance. Prostate cancer–induced bone formation originates from endothelial cells (EC) that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition in response to tumor-secreted BMP4. Current strategies targeting prostate cancer–induced bone formation are lacking. Here, we show that activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) inhibits EC-to-OSB transition and reduces prostate cancer–induced bone formation. Treatment with palovarotene, an RARγ agonist being tested for heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, inhibited EC-to-OSB transition and osteoblast mineralization in vitro and decreased tumor-induced bone formation and tumor growth in several osteogenic prostate cancer models, and similar effects were observed with the pan-RAR agonist all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Knockdown of RARα, β, or γ isoforms in ECs blocked BMP4-induced EC-to-OSB transition and osteoblast mineralization, indicating a role for all three isoforms in prostate cancer–induced bone formation. Furthermore, treatment with palovarotene or ATRA reduced plasma Tenascin C, a factor secreted from EC-OSB cells, which may be used to monitor treatment response. Mechanistically, BMP4-activated pSmad1 formed a complex with RAR in the nucleus of ECs to activate EC-to-OSB transition. RAR activation by palovarotene or ATRA caused pSmad1 degradation by recruiting the E3-ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor1 (Smurf1) to the nuclear pSmad1/RARγ complex, thus blocking EC-to-OSB transition. Collectively, these findings suggest that palovarotene can be repurposed to target prostate cancer–induced bone formation to improve clinical outcomes for patients with bone metastasis.Significance:This study provides mechanistic insights into how RAR agonists suppress prostate cancer–induced bone formation and offers a rationale for developing RAR agonists for prostate cancer bone metastasis therapy.See related commentary by Bhowmick and Bhowmick, p. 2975
Benign SNPs in the Coding Region of TP53: Finding the Needles in a Haystack of Pathogenic Variants
Authors: Soussi Thierry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the recent explosion in high-throughput genotyping technology, the amount and quality of SNP data have increased exponentially, facilitating the discovery of multiple uncommon SNPs in the human population. To provide unified and centralized resources for the scientific community, several repositories have been developed that aggregate numerous population studies and serve widely as references to filter natural variants in genetic analyses. However, they are largely biased toward European populations. TP53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and pathogenic germline TP53 variants are associated with several cancer susceptibility disorders such as Li–Fraumeni syndrome. For these reasons, it is essential that TP53 SNPs are rigorously evaluated to avoid misclassifications that could impair patient management. The recent discovery of numerous benign SNPs within the coding region of TP53 can be attributed to surveillance of both global repositories and population-specific databases, with the latter enabling the recognition of additional TP53 SNPs in Japanese, African, and Indian populations. This review summarizes the body of evidence behind the identification of 21 TP53 variants and the information defining them as bona fide SNPs. This illustrates the need to include populations of different ethnic origins in genetic studies and the substantial benefits that can be derived from the information.
Comprehensive Genome Profiling in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Precision Medicine Phase II Randomized SAFIR02-Lung/IFCT 1301 Trial
Authors: Barlesi Fabrice , Tomasini Pascale , Karimi Maryam , Michiels Stefan , Raimbourg Judith , Daniel Catherine , Janicot Henri , Madroszyk Anne , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Quoix Elisabeth , Mazieres Julien , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Dansin Eric , Molinier Olivier , Morel Hugues , Pichon Eric , Cortot Alexis , Otto Josiane , Chomy François , Souquet Pierre-Jean , Cloarec Nicolas , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Bieche Ivan , Lacroix Ludovic , Boyault Sandrine , Attignon Valery , Soubeyran Isabelle , Morel Alain , Tran-Dien Alicia , Jacquet Alexandra , Dall'Olio Filippo Gustavo , Jimenez Marta , Soria Jean-Charles , Besse Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Targeted therapies (TT) and immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have revolutionized the approach to non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in the era of precision medicine. Their impact as switch maintenance therapy based on molecular characterization is unknown.

Patients and Methods:
SAFIR02-Lung/IFCT 1301 was an open-label, randomized, phase II trial, involving 33 centers in France. We investigated eight TT (substudy-1) and one ICB (substudy-2), compared with standard-of-care as a maintenance strategy in patients with advanced EGFR, ALK wild-type (wt) NSCLC without progression after first-line chemotherapy, based on high-throughput genome analysis. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:
Among the 175 patients randomized in substudy-1, 116 received TT (selumetinib, vistusertib, capivasertib, AZD4547, AZD8931, vandetanib, olaparib, savolitinib) and 59 standard-of-care. Median PFS was 2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.9] with TT versus 2.7 months (1.6–4.1) with standard-of-care (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.7–1.36; P = 0.87). There were no significant differences in PFS within any molecular subgroup. In substudy-2, 183 patients were randomized, 121 received durvalumab and 62 standard-of-care. Median PFS was 3.0 months (2.3–4.4) with durvalumab versus 3.0 months (2.0–5.1) with standard-of-care (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.62–1.20; P = 0.38). Preplanned subgroup analysis showed an enhanced benefit with durvalumab in patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%, (n = 29; HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.75) as compared with PD-L1 &lt;1% (n = 31; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.31–1.60; Pinteraction = 0.036).

Conclusions:
Molecular profiling can feasibly be implemented to guide treatment choice for the maintenance strategy in EGFR/ALK wt NSCLC; in this study it did not lead to substantial treatment benefits beyond durvalumab for PD-L1 ≥ 1 patients.
They Saw a Debate: Political Polarization Is Associated with Greater Multivariate Neural Synchrony When Viewing the Opposing Candidate Speak
Authors: Broom Timothy W. , Stahl Jonathan L. , Ping Elliot E. C. , Wagner Dylan D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With rampant polarization in current U.S. politics, it seems as though political partisans with opposing viewpoints are living in parallel realities. Indeed, prior research shows that people's impressions/attitudes toward political candidates are intertwined with their political affiliation. The current study investigated the relationship between political affiliation and intersubject neural synchrony of multivariate patterns of activity during naturalistic viewing of a presidential debate. Before the 2016 U.S. presidential election, 20 individuals varying in political affiliation underwent functional neuroimaging while watching the first debate between candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Pairs of participants with more polarized political affiliations were higher in neural synchrony in a system of brain regions involved in self-referential processing when viewing the opposing candidate speak compared with that candidate's supporters regardless of which extreme of the political spectrum they occupied. Moreover, pairs of political partisans matching in the candidate they supported were higher in neural synchrony when watching the candidate they opposed compared with the one they both supported. These findings suggest that political groups' shared understanding may be driven more by perceptions of outgroups than of their own party/candidates.
Modeling Distraction: How Stimulus-driven Attention Capture Influences Goal-directed Behavior
Authors: Innes Reilly , Todd Juanita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The importance of paying attention to a task at hand is emphasized from an early age and extends throughout life. The costs of attentional focus, however, include the potential to miss important changes in the environment, so some process for monitoring nontask information is essential. In this study, a model of latent cognitive variables was applied to data obtained from a two-alternative forced-choice task where participants identified the longer of two sounds. Using an adaptive procedure task, accuracy was maintained at a higher or lower level creating two difficulties, and the sounds were heard either where frequency changes in the sound were rare or common (oddball and multistandard conditions, respectively). Frequency changes created stimulus-driven “distraction” effects in the oddball sequence only, and cognitive modeling (using the linear ballistic accumulator) attributed these effects to slowed accumulation of evidence about tone length on these trials. Concurrent recording of auditory ERPs revealed these delays in evidence accumulation to be related to the amplitude of N2 or mismatch negativity period and P300 response components. In contrast, the response time on trials after a rare frequency change was associated with increased caution in decision-making. Results support the utility of mapping behavioral and ERP measures of performance to latent cognitive processes that contribute to performance and are consistent with a momentary diversion of resources to evaluate the deviant sound feature and remodel predictions about sound.
Optimizing Appropriate Disposal of Unused Postoperative Opioid: What Happens to Unused Medication?
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Yoon Dong Hum , Wickham Carey J. , Mirza Kasim L. , Lee Sang W. , Cologne Kyle G. , Ault Glenn T. 
Published: July 2022

Background Increase in opioid prescribing practices has occurred with concurrent increases in the levels of abuse, addiction, and diversion of opioid pain medication. With 82.5 opioid prescriptions prescribed for every 100 U.S. citizens, the need for more effective strategies aimed at improving opioid disposal exist. Our study sought to examine the planned rates of appropriate opioid disposal after introduction of an activated charcoal home drug disposal system (Deterra®) in combination with formalized opioid disposal education. Methods Participants were recruited from an academic, public safety-net hospital and grouped into 3 cohorts, no formalized opioid disposal education (No Education), written and verbal patient education on appropriate opioid disposal (Education), and Deterra® in addition to formalized opioid disposal education (Deterra). Outcomes included patients reporting unacceptable methods of opioid disposal, storage of unused opiates, and patient satisfaction with disposal instructions. Results Reported unacceptable opioid disposal decreased from 80.6% (n = 87) in the no education group to 20% (n = 10) in the education group to 6% (n = 3) in the Deterra group (P < .001). Education decreased long-term storage of opioid medication after completion of usage from 42% (n = 36) to 2% (n = 1), P < .001. Between the education and Deterra groups, more patients felt that the disposal instructions were clear (94% (n = 47) vs 73% (n = 36), P = .006) and more followed acceptable disposal instructions (80% (n = 39) vs 94% (n = 47) P < .001). Conclusion Deterra® along with formal opioid disposal education increases patients reporting plans for compliance with appropriate opioid disposal.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Canadian Social Connections: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Lowe Catherine , Rafiq Maliha , MacKay Lyndsay Jerusha , Letourneau Nicole , Ng Cheuk Fan , Keown-Gerrard Janine , Gilbert Trevor , Ross Kharah M 
Published: July 2022

Background On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Responses to the pandemic response disrupted Canadian social connections in complex ways; because social connections are determinants of health and well-being, their disruption could adversely affect health and well-being. Moreover, understanding how pandemics and public health responses affect social connections could inform pandemic recovery strategy and public health approaches designed for future pandemics. The purpose of this study is to understand experiences of pandemic impact on social connections over the pandemic. Methods A sample of 343 Canadian adults was recruited through Athabasca University and social media. Participants were predominantly White (81%) and female (88%). After the pandemic onset, participants responded to open-ended questions about the impact of the pandemic on and any changes to social connections at three time points (baseline, and three- and 6 months from study entry). Responses were categorized into epochs by date (April-June 2020 [Spring]; July-August 2020 [Summer]; September 2020-January 2021 [Fall/Winter]). Qualitative thematic analysis was used to code themes for each epoch. Results Negative impact of the pandemic (37–45%), loss of social connections (32–36%), and alternative means of connection (26–32%) were prominent themes across the epochs. Restrictions to face-to-face connections were largest in spring (9%) and lowest in the Summer (4%). Conversely, participants increasingly reported limited contact or communication into the Fall and Winter (6–12%) as pandemic restrictions in Canada were reinstated. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic threatens social connections, with negative impacts that fluctuated with COVID-19 case rates and subsequent pandemic restrictions. These findings could be used to identify targets for social supports during the pandemic recovery, and to adjust public health strategies for future pandemics that minimize impact on social connections.
Better Preparation and Training Determine Home Care Workers’ Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Heart Failure Self-Care
Authors: Stawnychy Michael A. , Ringel Joanna B. , Barbara Riegel  , Sterling Madeline R. 
Published: July 2022

Objective Identify determinants of home care workers’ (HCW) self-efficacy in contributing to heart failure (HF) self-care. Methods Secondary analysis of a survey ( n = 328) examining characteristics of HCWs caring for adults with HF in New York. Self-efficacy assessed using Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Self-Care Scale. Standardized scores range 0–100; ≥ 70 points indicate adequate self-efficacy. Characteristics determined by self-efficacy (low vs. adequate). Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]) were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Results Home care workers with adequate self-efficacy had at least some prior HF training (55% vs. 17%, p < .001) and greater job satisfaction (90% vs. 77%, p = .003). Significant determinants for adequate self-efficacy were employment length (1.02 [1.00–1.03], p = .027), preparation for caregiving (3.10 [2.42–3.96], p < .001), and HF training (1.48 [1.20–1.84], p < .001). Conclusion Home care agencies and policy-makers can target caregiving preparation and HF training to improve HCWs’ confidence in caring for adult HF patients.