bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Salivary Neopterin Levels in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis After Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gottumukkala Sruthima Naga Venkata Satya , A. Chaitanya , Venkata Ramesh Konathala Santhosh , Penmetsa Gautami S. , Koneru Suneetha , Pasupuleti Swetha 
Published: August 2022

Aim: Neopterin is a marker associated with cell-mediated immunity produced by interferon-Ɣ-stimulated macrophages. The levels of neopterin in body fluids are elevated in infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and allograft rejections. Recently, it was shown to be associated with the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. This investigation was designed to explore the use of salivary neopterin in predicting the outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study with stratified sampling comprised 45 subjects divided into three groups: a control group of 15 periodontally healthy participants, a test Group A of 15 participants with chronic periodontitis, and a test Group B of 15 participants with aggressive periodontitis. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded at baseline and three months after scaling and root planing (SRP). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was performed to measure neopterin levels in saliva in study groups before and after SRP. Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U tests were done for intra- and intergroup comparisons. The correlation between salivary neopterin levels with clinical parameters was done by Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Baseline salivary neopterin levels were least in the control group (5 62 nmol/L), higher in test Group A (9.30 nmol/L), and highest in test Group B (9.76 nmol/L). Three months after SRP, there was a significant reduction in all the clinical parameters, and the reduction in mean salivary neopterin levels were 2.79 and 2.57 in test Group A and test Group B, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Salivary neopterin levels have the potential to be utilized as a diagnostic tool for detecting the presence, activity of the disease, and the course of the lesions. It cannot, however, be utilized to distinguish between chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
Anatomic and Reverse Stemless Shoulder Arthroplasty: Functional and Radiological Evaluation
Authors: Galhoum Mohamed S. , Elsheikh Ahmed A. , Wood Amanda , Yin Qi , Frostick Simon P. 
Published: August 2022

Background Stemless shoulder arthroplasty was developed to restore the glenohumeral centre of rotation without violation of the humeral shaft. It allows the preservation of humeral bone stock. Complications related to stem malalignment and periprosthetic fractures can be avoided. Patient and methods This is a prospective observational study that reports outcomes of 46 patients who received stemless shoulder arthroplasty “Comprehensive Nano implant ®.” The series includes Group (A): 30 anatomic and one hemiarthroplasty. Group (B): 15 reverse stemless replacement. Functional outcomes were assessed by visual analog score (VAS), satisfaction, range motion, Constant score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Score (ASES). Results The mean follow-up was 40.4  ±  12 months (range, 24 months to 60 months). Group (A): VAS and satisfaction improved by 5.3 and 67.5 points respectively. Constant score significantly improved from 28.5  ±  14.5 to 62.5  ±  23 P = <0.001. The radiological assessment showed the mean centre of rotation (COR) deviation was 2.8  ±  1.9 mm. 27% of patients have COR discrepancy of more than 4 mm. In Group (B), patients reported a significant improvement in VAS, Satisfaction, and ASES P  =  0.002, 0.002, and 0.003, respectively. Complications include shoulder pain with progressive loss of movements, aseptic loosening early subscapularis rupture, glenohumeral dislocations, and humeral component migration. Conclusion Anatomic Stemless total shoulder arthroplasty offers acceptable results and improvement of overall functional outcomes.
Increased risk of all-cause, Alzheimer’s, and vascular dementia in adults with migraine in Korea: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hurh Kyungduk , Jeong Sung Hoon , Kim Seung Hoon , Jang Suk-Yong , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating the association between migraine and dementia have reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients with migraine have an increased risk of dementia compared to individuals without migraine.MethodsWe obtained data from the 2002–2019 Korean National Health Insurance Health Screening Cohort. Non-migraine controls were selected using a 1:1 risk-set matching with a time-dependent propensity score. The main outcome was the development of all-cause dementia, and the secondary outcome was the development of each cause of dementia (Alzheimer’s, vascular, mixed or other specified, and unspecified dementia). The incidence rate of dementia was calculated using Poisson regression, and the association between migraine and dementia was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 88,390 participants, 66.1% were female, and the mean baseline age was 55.3 ± 9.4 years. During the study period, dementia cases were identified in 4,800 of the 44,195 patients with migraine and 3,757 of the 44,915 matched controls. The incidence rate of dementia was 139.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 135.7–143.5) and 107.7 (95% CI, 104.3–111.1) cases per 10,000 person-years in patients with migraine and matched controls, respectively. Patients with migraine had a 1.30 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.25–1.35), 1.29 (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23–1.35), 1.35 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.19–1.54), 1.36 (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00–1.83), and 1.30 (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.45) times higher risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular dementia, mixed or other specified dementias, and unspecified dementia than their matched controls, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that migraine is associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
Screening of primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostic markers based on immune-related genes and immune infiltration
Authors: Suo Lingge , Dai Wanwei , Qin Xuejiao , Li Guanlin , Zhang Di , Cheng Tian , Yao Taikang , Zhang Chun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) continues to be a poorly understood disease. Although there were multiple researches on the identification of POAG biomarkers, few studies systematically revealed the immune-related cells and immune infiltration of POAG. Bioinformatics analyses of optic nerve (ON) and trabecular meshwork (TM) gene expression data were performed to further elucidate the immune-related genes of POAG and identify candidate target genes for treatment.

Methods
We performed a gene analysis of publicly available microarray data, namely, the GSE27276-GPL2507, GSE2378-GPL8300, GSE9944-GPL8300, and GSE9944-GPL571 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The obtained datasets were used as input for parallel pathway analyses. Based on random forest and support vector machine (SVM) analysis to screen the key genes, significantly changed pathways were clustered into functional categories, and the results were further investigated. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in POAG tissues. A network visualizing the differences between the data in the POAG and normal groups was created. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. We divided the differentially expressed mRNAs into upregulated and downregulated groups and predicted the drug targets of the differentially expressed genes through the Connectivity Map (CMap) database.

Results
A total of 49 differentially expressed genes, including 19 downregulated genes and 30 upregulated genes, were detected. Five genes ((Keratin 14) KRT14, (Hemoglobin subunit beta) HBB, (Acyl-CoA Oxidase 2) ACOX2, (Hephaestin) HEPH and Keratin 13 (KRT13)) were significantly changed. The results showed that the expression profiles of drug disturbances, including those for avrainvillamide-analysis-3, cytochalasin-D, NPI-2358, oxymethylone and vinorelbine, were negatively correlated with the expression profiles of disease disturbances. This finding indicated that these drugs may reduce or even reverse the POAG disease state.

Conclusion
This study provides an overview of the processes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of POAG in the ON and TM. The findings provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of POAG from the perspective of immunology.
Host-pathogen coevolution drives innate immune response to Aphanomyces astaci infection in freshwater crayfish: transcriptomic evidence
Authors: Boštjančić Ljudevit Luka , Francesconi Caterina , Rutz Christelle , Hoffbeck Lucien , Poidevin Laetitia , Kress Arnaud , Jussila Japo , Makkonen Jenny , Feldmeyer Barbara , Bálint Miklós , Schwenk Klaus , Lecompte Odile , Theissinger Kathrin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
For over a century, scientists have studied host-pathogen interactions between the crayfish plague disease agent Aphanomyces astaci and freshwater crayfish. It has been hypothesised that North American crayfish hosts are disease-resistant due to the long-lasting coevolution with the pathogen. Similarly, the increasing number of latent infections reported in the historically sensitive European crayfish hosts seems to indicate that similar coevolutionary processes are occurring between European crayfish and A. astaci. Our current understanding of these host-pathogen interactions is largely focused on the innate immunity processes in the crayfish haemolymph and cuticle, but the molecular basis of the observed disease-resistance and susceptibility remain unclear. To understand how coevolution is shaping the host’s molecular response to the pathogen, susceptible native European noble crayfish and invasive disease-resistant marbled crayfish were challenged with two A. astaci strains of different origin: a haplogroup A strain (introduced to Europe at least 50 years ago, low virulence) and a haplogroup B strain (signal crayfish in lake Tahoe, USA, high virulence). Here, we compare the gene expression profiles of the hepatopancreas, an integrated organ of crayfish immunity and metabolism.

Results
We characterised several novel innate immune-related gene groups in both crayfish species. Across all challenge groups, we detected 412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the noble crayfish, and 257 DEGs in the marbled crayfish. In the noble crayfish, a clear immune response was detected to the haplogroup B strain, but not to the haplogroup A strain. In contrast, in the marbled crayfish we detected an immune response to the haplogroup A strain, but not to the haplogroup B strain.

Conclusions
We highlight the hepatopancreas as an important hub for the synthesis of immune molecules in the response to A. astaci. A clear distinction between the innate immune response in the marbled crayfish and the noble crayfish is the capability of the marbled crayfish to mobilise a higher variety of innate immune response effectors. With this study we outline that the type and strength of the host immune response to the pathogen is strongly influenced by the coevolutionary history of the crayfish with specific A. astaci strains.
Early assessment of ventricular synchronization and function after left bundle-branch-area pacing with right bundle-branch block
Authors: Zhao Ruohan , Xiong Feng , Deng Xiaoqi , Wang Shuzhen , Liu Chunxia , Xu Min , Tan Kunyue , Wang Xiuxiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate ventricular synchronization and function in patients with right bundle-branch block after left bundle-branch-area pacing (LBBAP) by echocardiography.

Methods
Forty patients who successfully received LBBAP were selected and divided into the right bundle-branch block group (RBBB group) and the non-RBBB group by pre-operation ECG. Echocardiography and follow-up were performed 1 month after operation. Interventricular synchronization was evaluated by tissue Doppler (TDI), tissue mitral annular displacement (TMAD), and interventricular mechanical delay. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annulus sidewall systolic velocity (TV-s’), left ventricular global ventricular longitudinal strain (GLS), right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (LS-RV), standard deviation of left ventricular 18 segments peak time difference (SDt-L) and standard deviation of right ventricular free wall 3 segments peak time difference (SDt-R) were applied to evaluate intraventricular synchronization and ventricular function.

Results
The difference of displacement peak time of the tricuspid and mitral valves, namely ΔPTTV-MV measured by TMAD, the difference of systolic time to peak of the tricuspid and mitral valves, namely ΔTsTV-MV measured by TDI, were statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-RBBB group, there were no statistically significant differences in the GLS, RVFAC, LS-RV, TAPSE, TV-s’, SDt-L, SDt-R (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Echocardiography technology including two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI), TDI, and TMAD can effectively analyze interventricular synchronization, intraventricular synchronization, and ventricular function. Although the movement of the right ventricular myocardium in the RBBB group was slightly later than that of the left ventricular myocardium after LBBAP, LBBAP could still be applied in RBBB patients with pacing indication.
Anatomical pancreatic variants in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Johansson Katarina , Mustonen Harri , Seppänen Hanna , Lehtimäki Tiina E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
No previous studies have examined the possible relationship between intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and the developmental ductal variations of the pancreas, such as an ansa pancreatica and a meandering main pancreatic duct (MMPD).

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 214 patients, 108 with IPMN disease and 106 subjects from a community at the tertiary care unit. The main pancreatic duct (MPD) was evaluated in the head of the pancreas by its course, which were non-MMPD: descending, vertical, and sigmoid, or MMPD including loop types, reverse-Z subtypes, and an N-shape, which was identified for the first time in this study. IPMN patients were also evaluated for worrisome features (WF) or high-risk stigmata (HRS), and the extent of IPMN cysts.

Results
Among IPMN patients, 18.4% had MMPD, which we observed in only 3.0% of the control group (P < 0.001). Patients with MMPD were more likely to belong to the IPMN group compared with non-MMPD patients [odds ratio (OR) 6.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–24.9]. Compared with a descending shape MPD, IPMN patients with an N-shaped MPD were more likely to have a cystic mural nodule (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.02–36.0). The presence of ansa pancreatica associated with more extent IPMN disease (OR 12.8, 95% CI 2.6–127.7).

Conclusions
IPMN patients exhibited an MMPD more often than control patients. Ansa pancreatica associated with multiple cysts. Furthermore, an N-shape in IPMN patients associated with cystic mural nodules, suggesting that this shape serves as a risk factor for more severe IPMN.
Clinical and psychosocial outcomes following correction of supination deformity in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Hamdi Nezar B. , Doubi Motaz , Abalkhail Talal B. , Mortada Hatan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundForearm supination contracture is the mostAQ common deformity of the forearm following obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). Supination deformities in OBPP may be corrected by performing forearm osteotomy; however, the high recurrence rate limits patient satisfaction. Apart from the cosmetic impairment of this deformity, there are no previous reports on the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of forearm osteotomy in patients with supination deformities secondary to OBPP. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the clinical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes following forearm pronation osteotomy in OBPP patients with supination deformity.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted after a chart review of all OBPP sequelae with supination forearm deformity in patients who underwent forearm pronating osteotomy from 2006 to 2018. Data relating to OBPP were gathered, and functional and psychosocial outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire through interviewsResultsThis study included 60 patients with a mean age of 8.7 years at the time of surgery. A total of 46 patients had lesions involving C5-T1 (76.7%). The mean preoperative supination deformity position was 68.5°, the mean amount of correction was 98.9°, and the mean forearm position was 30.5°, postoperatively. In the DASH assessment scale used postoperatively, 24 patients (42.9%) reported no restrictions on their daily activities, 25 patients (44.6%) believed that their social activities were unaffected, and 20 patients (35.7%) strongly disagreed with feeling less capable or less confident due to arm, shoulder, or hand problems. The factors significantly affecting position at the final follow-up were the amount of correction (p = 0.011), postoperative position (p = 0.005), and degree of pronation achieved (p = 0.02). The amount of correction significantly affected both self-confidence (p = 0.049) and activities of daily living (p = 0.033).ConclusionIn conclusion, our study showed that the position at the final follow-up, the degree of pronation achieved intraoperatively, and the postoperative position significantly affected the position at follow-up and the outcome assessment. The amount of intraoperative correction was significantly associated with higher self-confidence and normal activities of daily living.
Factors affecting timely breast cancer treatment among black women in a high-risk urban community: a qualitative study
Authors: Rose Johnie , Oliver Yvonne , Sage Paulette , Dong Weichuan , Koroukian Siran M. , Koopman Gonzalez Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlack women diagnosed with breast cancer in the U.S. tend to experience significantly longer waits to begin treatment than do their white counterparts, and such treatment delay has been associated with poorer survival. We sought to identify the factors driving or mitigating treatment delay among Black women in an urban community where treatment delay is common.MethodsApplying the SaTScan method to data from Ohio’s state cancer registry, we identified the community within Cuyahoga County, Ohio (home to Cleveland) with the highest degree of breast cancer treatment delay from 2010 through 2015. We then recruited breast cancer survivors living in the target community, their family caregivers, and professionals serving breast cancer patients in this community. Participants completed semi-structured interviews focused on identifying barriers to and facilitators of timely breast cancer treatment initiation after diagnosis.ResultsFactors reported to impact timely treatment fell into three primary themes:informational,intrapersonal, andlogistical. Informational barriers included erroneous beliefs and lack of information about processes of care; intrapersonal barriers centered on mistrust, fear, and denial; while logistical barriers involved transportation and financial access, as well as patients’ own caregiving obligations. An informational facilitator was the provision of objective and understandable disease information, and a common intrapersonal facilitator was faith. Logistical facilitators included financial counseling and mechanisms to assist with Medicaid enrollment. Crosscutting these themes, and mentioned frequently, was the centrality of both patient navigators and support networks (formal and, especially, informal) as critical lifelines for overcoming barriers and leveraging facilitating factors.ConclusionsThe present study describes the numerous hurdles to timely breast cancer treatment faced by Black women in a high-risk urban community. These hurdles, as well as corresponding facilitators, can be classified as informational, intrapersonal, and logistical. Observing similar results on a larger scale could inform the design of interventions and policies to reduce race-based disparities in processes of cancer care.
Diaphragm ultrasound evaluation during weaning from mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients: a pragmatic, cross-section, multicenter study
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Orso Daniele , Corradi Francesco , Zani Gianluca , Spadaro Savino , Meroi Francesco , D’Andrea Natascia , Bove Tiziana , Cammarota Gianmaria , De Robertis Edoardo , Ferrari Samuele , Guarnieri Marcello , Ajuti Margherita , Fusari Maurizio , Grieco Domenico Luca , Deana Cristian , Boero Enrico , Franchi Federico , Scolletta Sabino , Maggiore Salvatore Maurizio , Forfori Francesco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Diaphragmatic dysfunction is a major factor responsible for weaning failure in patients that underwent prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation for acute severe respiratory failure from COVID-19. This study hypothesizes that ultrasound measured diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) could provide corroborating information for weaning COVID-19 patients from mechanical ventilation.

Methods
This was an observational, pragmatic, cross-section, multicenter study in 6 Italian intensive care units. DTF was assessed in COVID-19 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation from 1st March 2020 to 30th June 2021. Primary aim was to evaluate whether DTF is a predictive factor for weaning failure.

Results
Fifty-seven patients were enrolled, 25 patients failed spontaneous breathing trial (44%). Median length of invasive ventilation was 14 days (IQR 7–22). Median DTF within 24 h since the start of weaning was 28% (IQR 22–39%), RASS score (− 2 vs − 2; p = 0.031); Kelly-Matthay score (2 vs 1; p = 0.002); inspiratory oxygen fraction (0.45 vs 0.40; p = 0.033). PaO2/FiO2 ratio was lower (176 vs 241; p = 0.032) and length of intensive care stay was longer (27 vs 16.5 days; p = 0.025) in patients who failed weaning. The generalized linear regression model did not select any variables that could predict weaning failure. DTF was correlated with pH (RR 1.56 × 1027; p = 0.002); Kelly-Matthay score (RR 353; p < 0.001); RASS (RR 2.11; p = 0.003); PaO2/FiO2 ratio (RR 1.03; p = 0.05); SAPS2 (RR 0.71; p = 0.005); hospital and ICU length of stay (RR 1.22 and 0.79, respectively; p < 0.001 and p = 0.004).

Conclusions
DTF in COVID-19 patients was not predictive of weaning failure from mechanical ventilation, and larger studies are needed to evaluate it in clinical practice further.
Registered: ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05019313, 24 August 2021).