bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing a centre for evidence‐informed practice within a school: Lessons from the Research and Evidence Centre
Authors: Konstantinou Iro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the numerous attempts to engage teachers on a practical level with evidence‐informed pedagogies, there is little empirical research that maps the journey, from the inception to the implementation and practical applications, of a research centre within a school with the aim of embedding evidence‐informed practice within the school. This paper will seek to address this empirical gap by providing the case study of one school that set up such a centre. Data for this paper was collected through 10 interviews and 42 questionnaires with staff at the school as well as by outlining the case study of how the centre came to be. Our preliminary findings suggest that for a centre for evidence‐informed practice to be successful there needs to be a clear direction from senior management and give time for engagement, teachers can be sceptical of research which can be too opaque and jargonistic and the job of the researchers should concentrate on making everything accessible but not simplistic. We also found that a centre for evidence‐informed practice can be best utilised for creating partnerships and collaborations with other schools, it can enhance the digital education capacity of teaching staff and should provide a diversity of resources to cater to the various interests and needs of the teaching body. Despite the uniqueness of the case study, we argue that findings can aid schools that are thinking of embarking on a similar process and provide ideas of how this can be done successfully.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThe study wanted to investigate the potential benefits and barriers by having an in situ research

centre for evidence informed practice in a secondary school. The findings would add to the empirical basis

for schools wanting to establish similar centres.Why the new findings matterThe findings show the potential of having such a centre with regards to professional development and reflective practice as well as enhancing the opportunities for collaborations and partnerships with other schools with similar priorities.It also discusses potential barriers with some considerations for how these can be overcome.Implications for language teacher educatorsSchool leaders should consider how they can harness the potential of evidence informed practice by establishing similar initiatives which can act as hubs within schools. Practitioners can see how they might fit within such an initiative, by taking an active role or by benefiting from the outputs produced by the centre. Policy makers can consider how they can facilitate such initiatives and, most importantly,identify potential resources that can be allocated to schools wishing to have dedicated staff and/or space.
Atomistic Insight into Thermal Decomposition of 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene Nanoparticles According to the ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Method
Authors: Xiang Dong , Xie Xiuyin , Yao Pengfei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a widely used wood explosive, 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) and its nanoparticles are insensitive due to the graphene‐like structure. In this paper, the decomposition processes of TATB and its nanospheres with different radius (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 Å) at 2000 K and 3000 K are calculated by the reactive molecular dynamic simulations. The initial reactions and the evolution of clusters (whose molecular weight is larger than TATB) are analyzed. The results show that there are four major distinctive channels for the initial decomposition of 30 Å nano‐TATB system: (1) the formation of HO fragment; (2) the C‐NO2 bond breaking to form NO2; (3) conversion of nitro to nitroso; (4) hydrogen transfer. For the main production gases, the amount of CO2, N2 and H2O will increase with the increase of temperature and the amount of H2O at 3000 K is obviously more than that at 2000 K accordingly to conventional TATB. This demonstrates that high temperature is beneficial to the pyrolysis of conventional TATB. In contrast to the results of TATB, the total amount of gas molecules of nanoparticles decreases, indicating that high temperature is not conducive to the pyrolysis reaction of nano‐TATB. The results shed light on the complicated interplay between morphological evolution and external conditions. It provides insights into the thermal decomposition mechanism of TATB and its nanoparticles at the atomic level.
Experimental and Theoretical Study to Understand the Adsorption Process of p‐Anisidine and 4‐Nitroaniline for the Dissolution of C38 Carbon Steel in 1M HCl
Authors: Damej Mohamed , Molhi Abdu , Tassaoui Kawtar , El Ibrahimi Brahim , Akounach Zahra , Addi Abdelaziz Ait , El hajjaji Souad , Benmessaoud Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the addition effect of two organic compounds namely; p‐anisidine (P1) and 4‐nitroaniline (P2) against corrosion of C38 steel in an acidic medium HCl 1 M. We opted for these inhibitors belonging to the aniline family which is characterized by their solubility, their low cost, and their use as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments. The concentration effect of the two products P1 and P2 either by stationary or by transiency measurements appears a significant decrease in the corrosion rate, and that the inhibition efficiency IE% reaches a value of 88.55 % and 84 % for a concentration of 1 mM respectively of P1 and P2. The thermodynamic parameters taken from the electrochemical impedance curves indicate that the tested inhibitors are adsorbed on the metal surface by a mixed mechanism (physical‐chemisorption), because the free adsorption energy
of P1 and P2 is respectively equal to −38.02 Kj.mol−1 and −37.56 Kj.mol−1, and they are subjected to the Langmuir isotherm. The temperature effect lets to determine the activation energy (Ea) from the Arrhenius equation; however, the values of Ea indicate the adsorption of organic compounds on the metal surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that the products tested could effectively block acid attack on metal surfaces. In parallel to experimental approach, theoretical one based on theoretical function density (DFT) calculation and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered to investigate in depth the inhibition behavior of studied compounds.
Smartphone‐Assisted Quinoline‐Based Chromogenic Probe for the Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Protic Media
Authors: Kumar Saravana S. , Kumar Selva R. , Vetriarasu V. , Bhaskar R. , Somkuwar Pranati , Joseph Suman , Mohurle Shital , Ashok Kumar S. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh selectivity and sensitivity detection of Hg2+ in aqueous environment by the naked‐eye has always been a challenge. In this paper, a simple ligand based on 2‐(hydroxymethyl)quinolin‐8‐ol (L) was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by NMR, IR and mass analysis. The probe L showed distinct colorimetric upon interaction with Hg2+ in CH3OH‐H2O (8 : 2, v/v) media. The ligand L exhibit unique absorbance band at 243 nm due to ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LLCT). Upon interaction with Hg2+, the L formed new UV‐Vis bands at 269 and 316 nm due to ligand‐to‐metal charge transitions (LMCT). The UV‐Vis spectral studies indicate the formation of a 1 : 1 host‐guest complex between the L and Hg2+ with an association constant of 8.6×104 M−1. The ligand L can work in the pH range of 3–8 without interfering with other competing ions. The detection limit of Hg2+ can reach a concentration of as low as 0.13 μM (2.6 ppb) with high selectivity, even in a solution containing diverse metal ions. Besides, the selective colour change of L with Hg2+ was integrated with smartphone to monitor the change in RGB tool and test paper kit. The binding mechanism of L with Hg2+ was studied by using 1H NMR, SEM and TDDFT analysis. Overall, ligand L demonstrates a promising and potential for the detection of toxic contaminate in aqueous environment.
Highly Improved Electrochemical Performance of a Fe‐based Cathode by Introducing A‐site Cationic Deficiencies
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Zheng Meiyv 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNew Sr0.5Bi0.5FeO3‐δ (SBF) and Sr0.5Bi0.45FeO3‐δ(SB0.45F) oxides are systematically investigated as oxygen reduction cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The SBF and SB0.45F samples have been discovered that form single‐phase solid solutions while maintaining outstanding chemical stability with gadolinium‐doped ceria (Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95, GDC) even sintering at 1000 °C in air. The average thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) for SBF and SB0.45F are very similar to the electrolyte of GDC. XPS and iodometric titration results reveal that A‐site deficient SB0.45F cathode possesses a high oxygen vacancy concentration, which can greatly enhance the electrochemical performance of porous cathode. A low polarization resistance (Rp) is shown for the SB0.45F cathode based on a symmetrical cell test, obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, the deconvolution results of the EIS test display that the ORR rate of the SB0.45F cathode should be jointly limited by the charge transfer processes and oxygen adsorption processes. The peak power output of a single solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) equipped with the SB0.45F cathode reaches 0.77 W cm−2 at 700 °C, about 1.75 times of SBF. These findings suggest that the Bi‐deficient SB0.45F perovskite oxide is an outstanding catalyst for IT‐SOFC.
Commensurate Assembly of C60 on Black Phosphorus for Mixed‐Dimensional van der Waals Transistors
Authors: Yun Tae Keun , Lee Yangjin , Kim Min Je , Park Jeongwoo , Kang Donghee , Kim Seongchan , Choi Young Jin , Yi Yeonjin , Shong Bonggeun , Cho Jeong Ho , Kim Kwanpyo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2D crystals can serve as templates for the realization of new van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures via controlled assembly of low‐dimensional functional components. Among available 2D crystals, black phosphorus (BP) is unique due to its puckered atomic surface topography, which may lead to strong epitaxial phenomena through guided vdW assembly. Here, it is demonstrated that a BP template can induce highly oriented assembly of C60 molecular crystals. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical analysis of the C60/BP vdW heterostructure clearly confirm that the BP template results in oriented C60 assembly with higher‐order commensurism. Lateral and vertical devices with C60/BP junctions are fabricated via a lithography‐free clean process, which allows one to investigate the ideal electrical properties of pristine C60/BP junctions. Effective tuning of the C60/BP junction barrier from 0.2 to 0.5 eV and maximum on‐current density higher than 104 mA cm−2 are achieved with graphite/C60/BP vertical vdW transistors. Due to the formation of high‐quality C60 film and the semitransparent graphite top‐electrode, the vertical transistors show high photoresponsivities up to ≈100 A W−1 as well as a fast response time under visible light illumination.
Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for subtribe Cinninae and two new subtribes, Hookerochloinae and Dupontiinae (Poaceae tribe PoeaePPAMclade)
Authors: Gillespie Lynn J. , Soreng Robert J. , Bull Roger D. , de Lange Peter J. , Smissen Rob D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters of the grass supersubtribe Poodinae (tribe Poeae, PPAM clade) were evaluated with the goal of determining the relationships of single‐flowered spikelet genera recently classified in subtribe Cinninae and the sister genus of the New Zealand endemic genusSimplicia. A total of 136 samples representing 40 genera and 105 species were analyzed for three plastid (matK,trnC‐rpoB,trnT‐trnL‐trnF) and two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers (ITS, ETS). The Cinninae subtribe, includingAniselytron,Cinna,Cinnastrum,Cyathopus, andSimplicia, was recovered as monophyletic with weak support only in the combined analysis with known/putative hybrid taxa removed.Cinna(excludingCinnastrum) resolved as paraphyletic due to the position of the morphologically distinctiveCyathopus. Cinninae are characterized by flat leaf blades, open panicles, small, strongly compressed, single‐flowered spikelets, with a rachilla extension, and lemmas that are awnless or with a short subterminal awn. The genusCinnastrumis resurrected forCinna poiformisand differs fromCinnain its broader glumes and subterete caryopsis with solid endosperm. Simpliciais likely most closely related to the southern and eastern Asian genusAniselytron, with which it shares unequal and short lower glumes and spikelet disarticulation above the glumes, in contrast to the other three genera of the subtribe. The HSAQN clade, which has mainly multi‐flowered spikelets and is sister to Cinninae, is named subtribe Hookerochloinae, includingArctagrostis,Hookerochloa,Nicoraepoa,Saxipoa, andSylvipoa. The DAD clade, which is known to be of reticulate origin postulated here as involving Cinninae, is named subtribe Dupontiinae, and includesArctohyalopoa,Arctophila,Dupontia, andDupontiopsis. These three subtribes, together with subtribes Alopecurinae, Beckmanniinae, and Ventenatinae (along with Brizochloinae not tested here), make up the well‐supported Alopecurinae superclade within supersubtribe Poodinae.
Ultrasound features of highly vascularized uterine myomas (uterine smooth muscle tumors) and correlation with histopathology
Authors: Russo C. , Camilli S. , Martire F. G. , Di Giovanni A. , Lazzeri L. , Malzoni M. , Zupi E. , Exacoustos C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo correlate the ultrasound appearance of highly vascularized uterine myomas with their histopathological diagnosis.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients with a preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of a highly vascularized uterine myoma (color score of 3 or 4, according to the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) criteria), characterized by circumferential and intralesional vascular pattern, who underwent myomectomy or hysterectomy. For each patient, ultrasound characteristics were recorded at baseline, including the number of lesions, the size, echogenicity and border regularity of the lesion, presence of cystic areas and shadowing within the myoma, and visualization of the endometrium. Ultrasound features were correlated with the definitive histological diagnosis. Ultrasound features were then compared between malignant and benign lesions.ResultsWe included 70 patients with highly vascularized uterine myomas on power/color Doppler. Their mean age was 46.5 ± 11.4 years and 13 (18.6%) were postmenopausal. At histological examination, 65 (92.9%) uterine myomas were benign lesions, comprising 32 typical leiomyomas, 29 leiomyoma variants and four adenomyomas. The remaining five (7.1%) uterine myomas were malignant masses, comprising two uterine sarcomas, one leiomyosarcoma, one neuroendocrine tumor and one uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). The mean age of patients with a malignant lesion was significantly higher than the age of those with a benign lesion (64.8 ± 16.0 vs 42.4 ± 5.1; P < 0.001). Four out of five patients with a malignant lesion were over 45 years old. Ultrasound demonstrated cystic areas within the lesion in 10/32 (31.3%) typical leiomyomas, 16/29 (55.2%) leiomyoma variants, all four adenomyomas and in the cases of STUMP and leiomyosarcoma. Lesion borders were regular in 64/65 (98.5%) benign lesions and 2/5 (40%) malignant lesions (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between benign and malignant lesions with respect to echogenicity, presence of shadowing and size. The endometrium was visible in 55/65 women with benign lesions and in 2/5 with malignant lesions (P = 0.03).ConclusionsOur results showed that ultrasound features of uterine myomas, such as circumferential and intralesional vascularity, cystic areas and lesion borders, are important parameters for differential diagnosis, especially when combined with the patient's age. Such features could be useful to differentiate typical myomas from benign variants and malignant lesions in a preoperative setting and to select patients that may benefit from conservative management rather than surgery. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Impact of maternal height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain on cardiac adaptation in pregnancy
Authors: Ling H. Z. , Jara P. Garcia , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare longitudinal maternal hemodynamic changes throughout gestation between different groups stratified according to weight at presentation and assess the relative influence of height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain on cardiac adaptation.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal study assessing maternal hemodynamics using bioreactance technology at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 0, 30 + 0 to 34 + 0 and 35 + 0 to 37 + 0 weeks' gestation. Women were divided into three groups according to maternal weight at presentation at the first visit at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks: Group 1, < 60.0 kg (n = 421); Group 2, 60.0–79.7 kg (n = 904); Group 3, > 79.7 kg (n = 427). A multilevel linear mixed‐effects model was used to compare the repeated measures of hemodynamic variables, correcting for demographics, medical and obstetric history, pregnancy complications, maternal weight and time of evaluation. The linear mixed‐effects model was then repeated using maternal height, weight at presentation and gestational weight gain Z‐scores, and the standardized coefficients were used to evaluate the relative impact of each of these demographic parameters on longitudinal changes of maternal hemodynamics.ResultsCompared with Group 1, women in Group 3 demonstrated higher cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) throughout pregnancy. Groups 2 and 3 had higher stroke volume (SV) than Group 1 at the first visit, but their SV plateaued between the first and second visits and demonstrated an earlier significant decrease from the second visit to the third visit when compared with Group 1. Compared with Groups 1 and 2, there was a higher prevalence of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes in Group 3. Maternal height was the most important contributor to CO, peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), SV and HR, while weight at presentation was the most important contributor to MAP. Gestational weight gain was the second most important characteristic influencing the longitudinal changes of PVR and SV.ConclusionsWomen with greater weight at presentation have a pathological hemodynamic profile, with higher CO, HR and MAP compared to women with lower weight at presentation. Height is the main determinant of CO, SV, HR and PVR, weight is the main determinant of MAP, and gestational weight gain is the second most important determinant of SV and PVR. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Baseline and time‐updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti‐HIV‐1 vaginal microbicides
Authors: Rodríguez‐Izquierdo Ignacio , Sepúlveda‐Crespo Daniel , Lasso Jose María , Resino Salvador , Muñoz‐Fernández Ma Ángeles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV‐1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV‐1 that disturb HIV‐1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real‐life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Transformational Change for People and the Planet: Evaluating Environment and Development – Introduction
Authors: Uitto Juha I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe world is facing multiple crises as manifested in runaway climate change, a global pandemic, loss of ecosystems and biological species, and rapidly growing inequality. These are all closely interlinked as recognized in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Addressing them will require broad transformational change that encompasses the economy, institutions, and how we interact with the natural environment. This chapter introduces the book that is intended to highlight how evaluation can contribute to such transformations. The chapter first reviews the state of development evaluation. It then briefly introduces the state of the global environment before discussing the implications of this context for evaluation, and how evaluation as a profession and practice must change in order to respond to the challenges of sustainability. The chapter ends by explaining the flow of the book in its four parts that focus on: transformational change, drivers of sustainability, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and evaluation approaches.
Evaluating Transformational Adaptation in Smallholder Farming: Insights from an Evidence Review
Authors: Silici Laura , Knox Jerry , Rowe Andy , Nanthikesan Suppiramaniam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe literature on smallholder farming and climate change adaptation (CCA) has predominantly investigated the barriers to and determinants of farmer uptake of adaptation interventions. Although useful, this evidence fails to highlight the changes or persistence of adaptation responses over time. Studies usually adopt a narrow focus on incremental actions that provide limited insights into transformative adaptation pathways and how fundamental shifts in policy can address the root causes of vulnerability across different sectors and dimensions. Drawing on an evidence synthesis commissioned by the International Fund for Agricultural Development’s Independent Office of Evaluation, this chapter outlines how lessons from CCA interventions can be transferred via three learning domains that are essential for transformational change: scaling-up (in its multiple forms), knowledge management, and the human-environment nexus. We discuss the implications of our findings on monitoring, evaluation, and learning, highlighting the challenges that evaluators may face in capturing (a) the persistence or durability of transformational pathways, (b) the complexity of “super-wicked” problems, and (c) the relevance of context-dependent dynamics, within a landscape setting. We also address the contribution of evidence reviews to contemporary debates around development policy linked to climate change and agriculture, and the implications and value of such reviews to provide independent scientific rigor and robustness to conventional programmatic evaluations.