bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shorebird community and diversity in Bagan Serdang Beach, North Sumatra
Authors: Jumilawaty E , Nasution A L A , Siregar S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of shorebirds is strongly influenced by environmental factors, especially food availability. Shorebirds are closely linked to their habitat conditions, so they seek out feeding sites according to their life cycle. Coastal conditions that have changed due to human activities may affect the assemblage of shorebird community. The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of shorebird species and the factors that influence them. Bird observations were made for three days using the point count method while the number of individuals was estimated by using “block method”. The results revealed 17 shorebird species from the families, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae and Sternidae. The dominant species were Charadrius mongolus, Pluvialis fulva and Sterna hirundo. The number of species in the morning observations was higher than in the afternoon. The diversity index for migratory birds ranges from 1.16 to 1.96, which is relatively low. This study showed that mudflats in Bagan Serdang Beach, Pantai Labu District is occupied by shorebirds in this region.
Welfare management of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in Medan Zoo and Siantar Zoo
Authors: Zahrah M , Ulfa M , Saragih R P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPanthera tigris sumatraeis one of endemic species of Sumatera Island included in the endangered species red list by the IUCN. The efforts to preserve the sumatran tiger is with conservation activities both in-situ and ex-situ. One form of ex-situ conservation is to keep animals in the zoos. This study aims to assess the welfare level of Sumatran tigers are in Medan Zoo and Siantar Zoo. Aspects of tiger welfare are measured through 5 variables basedon five animal freedom, namely the free of hunger and thirst, the free of environmental discomfort, the free of pain, wounds and diseases, the free of natural behavior and the free of fear and suffering. Data collection through direct observation of animal management and assessment of minimum animal welfare standards. Interviews with veterinarians and animal keepers about human resources and management activities carried out in supporting animal welfare. The assessment is carried out by the management, namely veterinarians, animal keepers, researchers and visitors to obtain objective results. The implementation of sumatran tiger welfare management in Medan Zoo has an average of 76.9 with the category is good and for Siantar Zoo has an average of 95 with the category is very good. Recommendation that needs to be considered from the results of this study is that Medan Zoo needs to add enrichment in the cages that tigers can behave naturally.
Stock Assessment of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Landed at Tanjung Beringin’s Auction Place Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Hasibuan J S , Sidabutar M A P , Sinaga J , Desrita  , Manurung V R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is one of the main catch fishery at Tanjung Beringin’s Auction Place, Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this research is to analyze the stock status of indian mackerel landed at Tanjung Beringin. This research was conduted in July – September 2021. The method of research used purposive sampling method. The total sample fish of indian mackerel were 272 individuals. The research showed Indian mackerel’s sex ratio was 1: 1.060. Indian mackerel’s growth pattern was negative allometric. Value estimation of male and female’s L∞ was 268.80 mm and 295.05 mm. Value K of male mackerel was bigger than female. But value of Lc and Lm male mackerel were smaller than female. The total rate of mortality was 2.466/year, natural mortality was 0.684/year and fishing mortality (F) was 1.782/year. The rate of exploitation was 0,723 classified as high exploitation level (overfishing).
Composition and diversity of tropical forest vegetation at Sibolangit tourism park, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ulfa M , Harahap M M , Rambey R , Ritonga Y E , Zahirah A , Silalahi R R , Sitinjak A R 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVegetation is an important component of preventing erosion and drought, regulating water and hydrology, improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, balancing the carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air, conserving biodiversity, effecting other biota in ecosystem, and supporting the ecotourism potential. The effect varies depending on the structure and composition of the plants that comprise the area's vegetation formation. Sibolangit tourism park, with an area of 24.85 Ha, was established in 1980 by Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 636/Kpts/Um/1980. This study aims to examine the importance value index and diversity index of species in the Sibolangit tourism park area. The data was sampled using a simple random sampling method with a 5% sampling intensity. The observation plots were randomly placed to cover all the study sites. Species, diameter, height, and the number of each individual were recorded during field observation. The study recorded a total of 67 species in Sibolangit Tourism Park. The dominant species at the tree stage wasPterocarpus indicuswith an IVI of 28%.Mitrephora obtusawas the dominant species at the pole and sapling stages with the IVI of 52% and 35%, respectively. At the seedling stage,Strombosia ceylanicawas the dominant with an IVI of 62%. The vegetation diversity at the study site was in the moderate range with the 2.71 of Shannon-Wiener diversity index.
Assessment of the tree damage level in Medan Beringin Park
Authors: Harahap M M , Ahmad A G , Simatupang J , Ulfa M , Wirabuana P Y A P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province and the biggest city on the island of Sumatra. Big cities in Indonesia generally have problems with environmental degradation. One of the efforts to preserve the environment in urban areas is to provide public green spaces dominated by trees. In the process of its life, the tree experiences many disturbances and interventions from the surrounding environment. It can make it grow abnormally or become sick. One of the negative impacts of this is when extreme weather occurs and causes trees to break easily, fall, and fall on whatever is underneath. It can cause various material losses and even fatalities. The research has conducted at Beringin Park in Medan. It is one of the favorite places for people to gather and enjoy the freshness of clean air. Research on tree health surveys and inventories in public green spaces is important to do as one of the efforts to mitigate the occurrence of fallen tree disasters. This research is aimed to take an inventory of tree health in Beringin Park as an mitigation effort of the fallen tree disaster in Medan. Vegetation parameters were collected by using the census method at the pole and tree stage. The Shannon – Wienner diversity index has used to assess the biodiversity level of the research location. Then damage level index was analyzed by using Forest Health Monitoring Method. The results showed that the tree vegetation in Beringin Park was in the healthy category based on the Tree Damage Index Value which ranged from 1.20 to 4.10.
Mapping and Population Structure of Shorea platyclados in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve
Authors: Hartini KS , Rangkuti AB , Manalu BP , Andini SW , Insani A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In its natural habitat, S. platyclados is abundant in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, North Sumatra. However, like the Dipterocarpaceae family, this species has limitations in regeneration related to the uncertain flowering phase and the seeds' recalcitrant nature. This condition can be a long-term threat to the sustainability of S. platyclados. Efforts should be made to select mother plants as a source of short-term quality seeds, to support the breeding program and the conservation of S. platyclados. Monitoring of mother plants will be more effective if mapping data is available. Therefore, it is important to map the mother plant of S. platyclados. In addition, the population structure needs to be identified and related to trends in its sustainability. The goal of this study was to map the mother plant of S. platyclados in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve and to examine its population dynamics.. This research was conducted in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra. There are 195 hectares of designated population there. Combining the path method and the plotline, the sampling methodology was applied. Fifty (50) plots were observed across the sample area of 2 hectares (1% Sampling Intensity), which was separated into three lanes. Observations were made on a 20 m × 20 m plot to measure the vegetation at the tree level (diameter 20 cm), a 10 m × 10 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the pole level (diameter 10cm - 20m), a 5 m × 5 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the sapling level (diameter 10 cm), and a 2 m × 2 m observation sub-plot to measure the vegetation at the seedling level. The mother plants were recorded as many as 309 individuals in 50 observation plots, or 155 individuals/ha spread evenly in the relatively sloping Nature Reserve area. The distribution structure of the height and diameter of the mother plants indicates a good adaptation, resembles a standard curve. The population structure of S. platyclados is curved like an inverted J, indicates that this population is quite stable and sustainable. However, monitoring at the pole level is crucial based on a gap in the presence of this regeneration compared to others.
Manifestation of endoparasitic helminths in Sumba Horse (Equus caballus) in Citra Pesona Ladangku Animal Park
Authors: Sinaga L , Tanjung M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitic infections can cause horses to experience diarrhea, weight loss, weakened physical condition and even death. This horse disease is a great danger that can reduce horse performance.The research on the description of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Sumba horses (Equus caballus) at Citra Pesona Ladangku animal park, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The aim of the study was to determine the type of endoparasites, prevalence and the intensity of parasite attacks. The sample testing was carried out at the Parasitology Laboratory, Medan Veterinary Center using the EPG Mc. Masters method. The results showed that from 18 Sumba horses examined, 6 types of endoparasites were found, namely Strongylus sp., Trichonema sp., Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Strongyloides sp., Triodontophorus sp. and Ascaris sp. The prevalence of Strongylus sp. was 86% in the usual category and the intensity attack was 1.530 in the Super infection category, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was 53% in the frequent category and the intensity attack was 1.161 in the Super infection category, Trichonema sp. was 38% in the common category, and the intensity attack 300 categorized in the very severe category, Strongyloides sp. was 22% in the often category and the intensity was 430 in the very severe category, Triodontophorus sp. was 16% in the often category and the intensity was 500 in the very severe category and Ascaris sp. had prevalence 14% in the often category and the intensity was 100 in the severe category. The gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Sumba horses need special attention.
Forest structure change after forest fire in peatland of Central Kalimantan
Authors: Qirom M A , Rachmanadi D , Lestari F , Andriani S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hydrological system of tropical peatland has been changed due to drainage. The condition caused prone to peatland burning. Forest fire affected the vegetation composition in peatland. Repeated fire causes more severe impact on vegetation and the change the peatland characteristics. The aim of the study is to obtain species composition on peatland after fire in Central Kalimantan. The research was conducted on several plots of vegetation observation on peatland that burned in 2015 (three years after fire and forth fire frequency). The plot sizes were depending on vegetation stage (seedling, sapling, poles, and trees) of 2 Ha or 50 observation plots. The measurements of parameter were species, density, frequency, and important value index. The species composition was described by ecological indices such as Shannon wiener index, Simpson index, and evenness index. The results showed that species diversity and ecological index were very low. That condition indicated that the fire has changed the species composition and the natural regeneration has been obstructed. Combretocarpus Rotundatus and Cratoxylon glaucum were presented on overall tree stage as pioneer species, but the climax species didn’t found on three years after forest fire. Based on the results, the repeated fires caused an extreme decrease of natural regeneration so the ability of recovery is not running well. The parameters can be used in determining the priority of revegetation program on large scale.
Species checklist of Orthoptera in the Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) Aek Nauli, North Sumatra
Authors: Siahaan D A S , Nursal  , Alfakih I R , Dzawita Y , Zahra F , Harianja M J , Hartanto A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present the species checklist of Orthoptera in the Forest Area with Special Purpose/KHDTK Aek Nauli, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The checklist is provided as a basic information on the grasshopper diversity and species assemblage in the forest region. KHDTK Aek Nauli is classified into a tropical montane forest with an elevation of 1,100–1,750 m a.s.l dominated by the pine species and intended as an ex situ conservation for Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Sampling of grasshoppers was conducted for four consecutive days using two methods namely pit fall trap and sweeping net with a total of 12 sampling points. Approximately of 21 orthopteran species from 97 individuals belonging to suborder Ensifera (12 species) and suborder Caelifera (9 species) were documented. The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) orthopteran species was obtained from Paratettix curtipennis (102.92), followed by Teleogryllus emma (79.04), Oxya intricata (69.67), and etc. All grasshoppers were commonly identified for Asiatic region to worldwide distribution.
Identification of the generative phases of Amorphophallus gigas in the Sabungan Village and Langga Payung Village, Sungai Kanan District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Rahmawaty  , Rauf A , Nababan E S M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Amorphophallus gigas is one of Sumatra's endemic Amorphophallus species that is protected in Indonesia. Amorphophallus gigas is one type of Amorphophallus with the highest flowers in the world. The conversion of land to other uses is one of the causes of the reduced population of Amorphophallus gigas. One of the natural habitats of Amorphophallus gigas was found in the Sabungan Village and Langga Payung Village, North Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the generative phase of Amorphophallus gigas in the Sabungan Village and Langga Payung Village, to determine the types of plants found around the place of growth and to determine the morphology of the generative phase of Amorphophallus. The method used in this research is the roaming method and then records the coordinates of the generative phase of Amorphophallus, records the types of pollinating insects around it and observes the morphology of Amorphophallus gigas. The results showed that there were 11 individuals in the generative phase of Amorphophallus gigas in the Sabungan Village and Langga Payung Village, where 10 individuals grew on rubber land cover and 1 individual grew on oil palm land cover. A total of 2 individuals were found in bud condition, 1 individual was in bloom, 2 individuals were wilted and 6 individuals were found at the seed formation stage. There are 12 types of insects found around the generative phase of the Amorphophallus.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of tree species on the University of North Sumatra Campus, based on the rbcL gene
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Mawarni A , rangkuti R R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A phylogenetic tree is an arrangement that can describe kinship data in the form of a branched tree. In the field of forestry, identification using morphological data is difficult because it takes a long time and the fruit and flower seasons are uncertain. Another alternative that can be used to create a phylogenetic tree is to use secondary data. This study aims to explore the availability of GeneBank sequence data for tree species at the Universitas Sumatera Utara and create a phylogenetic tree to see their relationships based on rbcL markers. The results showed that the highest sequence of trees on the USU campus using the rbcL gene was 86.8%. In the reconstruction of the phylogeny tree, the boostrap value is above 70%, and tree species are grouped according to the same family.
Community’s local wisdom and its relationship with environmental conservation efforts in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
Authors: Henri  , Fatansyah F , Alita  , Lestari Y , Sonia A , Putri J E , Rahmasari  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to identify and examine the role of the community’s local wisdom in environmental conservation or conservation efforts and to understand the history, values and behavior of local wisdom in Bangka Belitung. The study uses semi-structured interviews and descriptive analysis. The results show that local wisdom consists of three moral values: humans are not the center of nature; protecting the environment is a local job; and a holistic way of thinking. The Malay community’s efforts in environmental conservation in Bangka Belitung are to use local wisdom by saving the environment from unused tin mines with the term origin or impact. The impact of local wisdom on environmental conservation is that environmental sustainability will be maintained by no longer converting forest functions into mining land. The local wisdom of the Malay community on Belitung Island include the tradition of conserving plants or what is commonly referred to as kelekak and the pemalian forest. In the beginning, kelekak was an expanse of wilderness. Then, the community cut down the trees that grew in the wilderness to be used as huma and then abandoned or commonly referred to as bebak. Huma is one of the categories of the forbidden forest because of the influence of supernatural things that can prevent the unrestricted use of the forest. This local wisdom is a way for the community to conserve the environment.
Post-modification of ultra-low molar ratio urea-formaldehyde adhesive with different types and levels of organic acid hardener
Authors: Lubis M A R , Iswanto A H , Hua L S , Kristak L , Antov P , Putri R , Juliana I , Mardawati E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ultra-low (UL) molar ratio urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive is a class of UL formaldehyde-emitting adhesive systems for wood-based panels. However, the UL molar ratio exhibits poor reactivity, low cohesion strength, and inferior adhesion. This study aimed to enhance the performance of UL molar ratio UF adhesive via post-modification with the addition of different types and levels of organic acid hardener, such as acetic acid (AA), maleic acid (MA) and citric acid (CA) at 3 and 5% level based on the theoretical solids content of UF adhesive. The solids content, gelation time, viscosity, pH, and free-formaldehyde content decreased with the addition of a higher level of organic acids. This showed that the incorporation of organic acid enhanced the reactivity of the UL molar ratio UF adhesive via cross-linking of carboxylic acid groups and methylol groups or the free-formaldehyde as confirmed by the results of gelation time, pH, and free-formaldehyde content. Post-modification with 5% CA resulted in the lowest solids content, gelation time, viscosity, pH, and free-formaldehyde content. The adhesion strength values of plywood bonded with modified UF adhesive were greater than that of control UF adhesive. In addition, the FE of plywood bonded with modified UF adhesive was lower than that of control UF adhesive. This study showed that 5% CA could be added as a hardener of UF adhesive.
The use of chicken manure, lowland peat and highland peat briquettes on the growth of Macadamia integrifolia in an arid area of Pematang Tambun Village, Simalungun Regency
Authors: Utomo B , Lubis F A , Dalimunthe A , Tamba P , Silalahi D C G , Lesmana S P , Fauziah L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The catchment area of Lake Toba continues to experience a decline in quality due to frequent fires in this area. Various recovery measures in the form of reforestation are continuously being carried out but often fail due to the difficult terrain due to the steep slope and the rapid loss of water due to gravity. The water immediately dissipates to a lower elevation leading to the lake. As a result, this condition leaves an expanse of barren area that is only overgrown with weeds. This study aimed to see whether lowland and highland peat soil can be used as a water retaining material that has the same quality as manure and to obtain the right dose of this water retaining material to support the growth of Macadamia integrifolia plants. The study was designed using 3 types of water retaining material briquettes, namely: chicken manure, lowland peat and highland peat, each of which was divided into several treatments, namely: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg/plant. The difficulty of the steep terrain makes it difficult for planting actions. Therefore, the technology of making briquettes is considered to be a solution. In addition, the conversion into briquettes gives a positive value to peat where acidic peat water can be removed so that the toxic effects of peat can be reduced. The results showed that the three types of briquettes significantly increased plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and crown area of M. integrifolia. Although the best plant growth performance was shown by the briquette dose of 1.5 kg/plant, the dose of 0.75 kg/plant seemed to have given no significant growth when compared to a dose of 1.0-1.5 kg/plant.
Potential and value of utilization of community forest logging waste in Cenrana Baru Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency
Authors: Mujetahid A , Dassir M , Faradiba A V , Heriah  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the potential and value of using logging waste in community forests in Cenrana Baru Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency. This research was carried out from August 2019 – January 2022 in a community forest. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the largest waste potential of the average volume of waste in acacia trees is 0.28 m3 (30.39%), stump waste 0.06 m3 (11.21%), waste above branch free 0.07 m3 (8.89%), branch waste 0.04 m3 (4.79%), while in the candlenut tree the largest waste is the main trunk 0.80 m3 (35.87%), stump waste 0.14 m3 (6.75%), branch waste 0.13 m3 (6.41%), waste above branch free 0.09 m3 (4.83%). Community forest logging waste is used by the community for making garden fences and making charcoal from acacia wood, this waste has a price value of IDR 15,000 per stem. while in the candlenut tree, the largest waste is the main trunk 0.80 m3 (35.87%), stump waste 0.14 m3 (6.75%), branch waste 0.13 m3 (6.41%), the above waste is free to branch 0.09 m3 (4.83%).