bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Keratitis After Clear Corneal Incision Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Case Series of 6 Eyes in South Florida
Authors: Chhaya Nisarg , Zhu Angela , Shaik Neha , Weiss Matthew , Miller Darlene , Tonk Rahul S. , Koo Ellen H. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to present the successful management and outcomes in a series of 6 cases of culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods:
This is a case series of 6 consecutive eyes that presented at the Cornea Division at an academic institution, diagnosed with culture-positive nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after phacoemulsification surgery.

Results:
Six eyes of 5 patients were included. The mean interval from cataract surgery to presentation was 7.7 weeks. All cases presented with intrastromal abscesses adjacent to corneal incisions, and 2 had scleral extension of the infection. Isolated organisms were Mycobacterium abscessus (n = 4), Mycobacterium chelonae (n = 1), and Mycobacterium mucogenicum (n = 1). All cases were treated with topical amikacin 8 mg/mL for 10.5 weeks on average. All cases received either oral clarithromycin at 500 mg twice-daily dosage or oral azithromycin at 500 mg daily. Two patients with scleral abscesses underwent surgical debridement with amniotic membrane grafts. All 6 eyes achieved infection resolution and good visual recovery, with the final visual acuity ranging from 20/20 to 20/60. None of the patients experienced recurrence of infection.

Conclusions:
Prompt medical treatment with combined topical and oral therapy can lead to infection resolution and favorable visual recovery. Early surgical intervention can ensure good outcomes in cases of scleral extension.
“Smoldering” Rejection of Keratolimbal Allograft
Authors: Gouvea Larissa , Slomovic Allan R. , Chan Clara C. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of “smoldering” keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) rejection in a patient with subtherapeutic levels of systemic immunosuppression in temporal association with BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Methods:
This was a case report.

Observations:
A 72-year-old man presented with circumferential perilimbal engorgement, stagnation, and tortuosity of vessels with mild chemosis in his right eye KLAL segments 1 month after receiving the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine while his tacrolimus trough blood levels were subtherapeutic measuring <2 ng/mL. He had undergone KLAL 6.5 years before for total limbal stem cell deficiency from a chemical injury and had been stable without any history of rejection. The donor was blood type O, and the patient had no systemic comorbidities. The patient was treated with hourly difluprednate 0.05% and increasing of his oral tacrolimus dose to 2 mg twice a day with improvement of rejection signs.

Conclusions:
There may be a temporal association between KLAL rejection after immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients with subtherapeutic levels of systemic immunosuppression. Patients should be on alert for any ocular signs or symptoms postimmunization and present for treatment immediately.
Five Cases of Corneal Graft Rejection After Recent COVID-19 Vaccinations and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Molero-Senosiain Mercedes , Houben Isabeau , Savant Shalom , Savant Vijay 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report 5 cases of acute corneal graft rejection after COVID-19 vaccination and perform a review of the literature.

Methods:
This was a case series and review of literature dated on the October 10, 2021.

Results:
We describe 5 cases—2 patients with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy) who presented with acute corneal graft rejection after their first dose of mRNA (BNT162) vaccine. The other 3 patients who had penetrating keratoplasty performed more than 10 years ago for keratoconus presented with acute graft rejection—2 patients after their second dose of adenovirus vector (AZD1222) vaccine and 1 patient after first dose of mRNA (BNT162) vaccine. Three patients were not using any topical steroid treatment at the time of diagnosis of graft rejection. The mean duration between vaccination and onset of symptoms was 16.86 ± 6.96 days for the mRNA vaccine and 17 ± 11.89 days for the adenovirus vector vaccine.

Conclusions:
Corneal graft rejection has recently been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Patients with keratoplasty need to be advised regarding the risk of corneal graft rejection and warning symptoms of rejection after COVID-19 vaccination. Seeking early referral to the emergency department and increasing topical steroids pre–COVID-19 and post–COVID-19 vaccination may reduce the risk of rejection.
Individual and Work Factors Associated with Psychosocial Health of Registered Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Witkoski Stimpfel Amy , Ghazal Lauren , Goldsamt Lloyd , Vaughan Dickson Victoria 
Published: January 2022

Objective
To describe the initial influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on U.S. nurses’ psychosocial health, and to identify factors associated with poor psychosocial health outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a convergent (QUAN+qual) mixed methods study. From June to August 2020, we administered surveys (N = 629) and conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 34) among nurses working across healthcare settings in 18 states. We developed separate multivariable logistic regression models for three psychosocial outcomes (anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia). We used content analysis to process and analyze qualitative data, and integrated results in the final analysis step.

Results
Nurses reported high rates of depressive symptoms (22%), anxiety (52%), and insomnia (55%). Disturbances to sleep were both a contributing factor to, and an outcome of, poor psychosocial health.

Conclusions
Evidence-based interventions addressing work stress and sleep, and proactive monitoring of nurses’ psychosocial health by employers are urgently needed.
Home Working Stress in the COVID-19 Crisis Era
Authors: Chen Zhisheng 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
This article explores the workplace stresses faced by home working (HW) employees in the COVID-19 outbreak; what strategies human resource manager (HRM) may deal with the present circumstances.

Design/ methodology/approach:
We refer to the views and perceptions of HRM and review the current state of stress faced by home-based workers and their responses through the lens of HRM.

Findings:
(1) The types as eustress, acute stress, and chronic stress and the stressors as work, family, and psychological were analyzed. (2) HW brought more adverse effects caused by work-related stress than benefits. (3) HRM can provide stress mitigation from job support, work-family balance, and psychological relief.

Originality/value:
By focusing on those employees who are most vulnerable to pandemic fatigue and work-related stress, HRM can build better organizations for all employees. HRM practices may consider measures related to job itself, family, or psychology to reduce the stress of HW under the COVID-19 crisis.
Cross-Sectional Study on Ethnic Differences in Occupational Injuries in Southern Israel—An Eight-Year Data analysis
Authors: Treister-Goltzman Yulia , Freud Tamar , Press Yan , Peleg Roni 
Published: January 2022

Objective
To characterize and compare occupational injuries among population sectors in southern Israel and to evaluate their use of healthcare services and analgesic drugs.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Results
There were 100,000 occupational injuries among 70,037 insured individuals over the study period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. There was a large increase in occupational traffic injuries over this period. Compared to the veteran Jewish population, Bedouin Arabs, new immigrants and foreign workers had significantly lower rates of use of ambulatory services and imaging tests (P < 0.001). Arabs had significantly higher odds for recurrent occupational injuries (OR = 1.29, P < 0.001), and being a new immigrant protected against recurrent injuries (OR = 0.70, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Medical staffs should invest greater effort into explaining the spectrum of diagnostic and treatment options for vulnerable groups as well as workers’ rights.
Psychosocial factors influencing distress among cancer patients in South India
Authors: Veeraiah Surendran , Kayser Karen , Sudhakar Revathy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
The increase of cancer rates in India over the last decade has placed a significant psychosocial burden on patients and their families. To address the psychosocial issues, cancer centers in India have integrated psychosocial services into cancer care by routinely measuring the distress of patients and responding to their distress. In this study, we sought to determine the association between self-reported distress and patient demographic and clinical variables and awareness of their diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods:
The Department of Psycho-oncology conducted a cross-sectional, cohort study of patients who were being treated for a variety of cancers in a comprehensive cancer center in Chennai, India. Cancer patients (N = 2019) completed a standardized measure of distress and participated in a clinical interview during their admission to a ward or at the time of referral to psycho-oncology. The level of distress was measured by the NCCN Distress Thermometer and problem list. Chi-square tests were used to examine variations in overall distress. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses were used to assess the level of patients’ reported distress as a function of clinical characteristics (stage of cancer, awareness of diagnosis and prognosis, physical symptoms).

Results:
The majority (60.3%) of the sample reported a moderate to high level of emotional distress. There were significant associations (P < .05) of younger age, awareness of diagnosis, prognosis, sleep issues, and physical pain with higher levels of distress. Patients who were aware of their diagnoses were more likely to report moderate (P < .01) or severe distress (P < .05) than those who were unaware. Patients who were aware of their prognoses were less likely to report moderate distress (P < .001) and severe distress (P < .001.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Given that a majority of patients rated at or above the clinical cut-off for distress, oncology centers in India need to provide training for professional psycho-oncology clinicians and incorporate psycho-oncology services to adequately address patients’ distress. Qualitative research may be needed to advance our understanding of specific social and cultural factors that may influence the psychosocial challenges faced by patients. Further investigation of patient distress related to diagnostic disclosure may be helpful in informing practice.
What influences parents to vaccinate (or not) their sons with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: an examination of HPV vaccine decision-making changes over time
Authors: Zhu Patricia , Perez Samara , Griffin-Mathieu Gabrielle , Tatar Ovidiu , Rosberger Zeev 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Most sexually active adults are infected with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in their lifetime and about 3800 Canadians are diagnosed each year with a HPV attributable cancer. Although highly effective HPV vaccines exist, the HPV is responsible for 4.5% of all cancers worldwide, that include cervical, anal, vaginal/vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. The present HPV vaccine uptake rate for boys in Canada is well below the target set by the Canadian government. This study aimed to analyze the motives that influence a change in parents’ HPV vaccine-decision-making status for their sons over time.

Methods:
Data were collected using a web-based survey that measured knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination. Canadian parents of boys aged 9 to 12 completed the survey at baseline (T1) and in a follow-up survey 9 months later (T2). Parents’ decision stage regarding their son receiving the HPV vaccine was categorized using the Precaution Adoption Process Model: unaware, unengaged, undecided, decided not to vaccinate, decided to vaccinate, or vaccinated. Parents who moved stages from T1 to T2 responded to open-ended questions, and we used qualitative deductive and inductive methods to analyses data. In parallel, we used quantitative methods to analyses parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses were compared and interpreted.

Results:
Of the 1427 parents who completed the survey at both T1 and T2, 118 parents moved to decided not to vaccinate, 125 moved to decided to vaccinate, and 9 to vaccinated. Qualitative analyses revealed that parents who moved to decided not to vaccinate their son indicated harms, knowledge, and general anti-vaccination attitudes as the top categories for vaccine nonacceptability. These parents also scored lower on HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge scales. Benefits, knowledge, and hearing positive opinions from health care professionals (HCPs) were the most commonly assigned categories for parents who moved to decided to vaccinate their sons.

Conclusions:
Highlighting the benefits of the vaccine, countering negative stories about the vaccine, and having HCPs provide strong recommendations are critical to increase HPV vaccine uptake in boys.
A Novel Barrier Device and Method for Protection against Airborne Pathogens During Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Alonso Julio M. , Lipman Jeffrey , Shekar Kiran 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers increases during aerosol-generating procedures such as endotracheal intubation.ObjectivesWe tested the effectiveness of a novel barrier mouthpiece in reducing clinician exposure to aerosols and droplets during endotracheal intubation.DesignA prospective case control study was carried out, with a single operator performing eight simulated intubations with and without the device on two different high-fidelity manikin models which produced aerosols and droplets.SettingThe study was performed during June 2020, at the Clinical Skills Development Service, Brisbane, Australia.InterventionsSimulated scenarios included 1) intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation 2) intubation while pre-oxygenating via high flow nasal cannula. Photographic images were obtained during each intubation and digitally analyzed using ImageJ v2.1.0/1.53c.PatientsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresAerosol and droplets were quantified using pixel counts. Overall results were expressed as means (± SD), with comparisons between groups made using a two-tailed Student’s T-test under the assumption of unequal variances. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsFirst pass intubation was achieved in all scenarios, with and without the barrier device. Pixel counts demonstrated significant overall reduction in aerosol and droplet exposure when the barrier device was used during intubation [Mean (SD) count:509 (860) vs 10169 (11600); P=0.014]. The highest exposure risk to airborne particles was observed during simulated induction, prior to laryngoscopy and intubation.ConclusionsThe novel barrier device was effective in reducing environmental exposure to aerosols and droplets during intubation without negatively affecting first pass intubation. The highest risk of exposure to airborne particles was during induction, before intubation takes place. Clinical trials are indicated to further test the feasibility and efficacy of this device.Trial registrationNot applicable.KEY POINTSThis prospective, preclinical study represents a pilot trial of a novel barrier mouthpiece for reducing clinician exposure to aerosols and droplets during endotracheal intubation.In eight simulated intubations with and without the barrier mouthpiece, the device proved effective in reducing environmental exposure to aerosols and droplets (measured in pixels) during intubation, without negatively affecting first pass intubation.The novel barrier mouthpiece represents a possible solution for reducing the risk of respiratory pathogen transmission during endotracheal intubation without hampering the procedure itself, although larger preclinical and clinical trials are necessary.
Hilab system, a new point-of-care hematology analyzer supported by the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gasparin Aléxia Thamara , Franco Araujo Claudiane Isabel , Perussolo Maiara Carolina , de Jesus Thainá Caroline Schuartz , Santiago Erika Bergamo , Reis Silva Ivan Lucas , de Sousa Ricardo Gurgel , Teng Flavia Zhu , Severo Evair Borges , Alves Ribeiro Victor Henrique , Cardoso Milena Andreuzo , Silva Fernanda D’Amico , de Araujo Perazzoli Carolina Rodrigues , de Holanda Farias João Samuel , de Almeida Bernardo Montesanti Machado , Rogal Sergio , Mazega Figueredo Marcus Vinícius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most requested tests by physicians. Mostly realized in conventional hematological analyzers, CBC tests are restricted to centralized laboratories, due to frequent maintenance, size of devices, and expensive costs that these analyzers require. On the other hand, most handheld CBC devices commercially available present high costs and are not liable to calibration or control procedures, which results in poor quality compared to standard hematology instruments. The Hilab system is a small-handed novel hematological platform that uses microscopy and chromatography techniques for blood cells and hematimetric parameters analysis. Combining artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning techniques, provides the main parameters evaluated in the CBC test and four-part differential WBC. For clinical evaluation, accuracy, precision, method comparison, and flagging capabilities of the Hilab System were compared with the Sysmex XE-2100 (Sysmex, Japan) results. Over the entire measuring range, a strong correlation (r > 0.9) between both methodologies was obtained for most parameters evaluated. Also, high accuracy (> 0.85), and adequate precision values were observed. The anticoagulant influence and the sample source (venous and capillary) effect were also evaluated, and no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Thus, considering the need for blood count point-of-care tests, especially for quickly patient management, the study indicated that the Hilab system provides fast, accurate, low cost, and robust blood cell analysis for reliable clinical use.Key pointsThe Hilab system presents a high correlation with a standardized reference analyzer for all evaluated CBC parameters;The flagging capabilities of the Hilab system present high accuracy compared to results provided by specialized hematologists.
Establishment of human post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 standard reference sera
Authors: Xiang Jinhua , Katz Louis , Winokur Patricia L. , Chaudhary Ashok , Bradford Rebecca , Rashid Sujatha , Ghosh Sudakshina , Robertson Angela , Menetski Joseph , Lee Taylor , Poelaert Brittany , Eastman Richard T. , Hall Matthew D. , Stapleton Jack T. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAs SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, there is a critical need to understand the effectiveness of serum elicited by different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A reference reagent comprised of post-vaccination sera from recipients of different vaccines allows evaluation of in vitro variant neutralization, and provides a reference for comparing assay results across laboratories. We prepared and pooled >1 L serum from donors who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, Pfizer and mRNA-1273, Moderna), a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S, Johnson and Johnson), or recombinant spike protein expressed by baculovirus incorporated into a nanoparticle vaccine plus Matrix-M adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373, Novavax). Twice frozen sera were aliquoted and are available for distribution to the research community (BEI Resources). The calculated WHO titer of pooled sera to spike protein was 1,312, 1,447, 1,936, and 587 and the reciprocal RBD binding to ACE-2 IC90-titers were 60, 64, 118, and 46 for BNT162b2, mRNA1273, Ad26.CoV2373, and NVX-CoV2373 sera, respectively.
Effects of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional health of Peruvian older adults
Authors: Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Romero-Albino Zoila , Soto-Becerra Percy , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M. , Romani-Huacani Elisa , Villarreal-Zegarra David , Maguiña Jorge L. , Apolaya-Segura Moises , Cuba-Fuentes Sofía 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination may reduce anxiety and depression. However, the pandemic significantly impacted the elderly from low-middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of vaccination against COVID-19 on the emotional health of older adults.MethodsWe selected a nationally stratified sample of non-hospitalized adults aged 60 to 79 years who intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine or had already received it during recruitment. We assess the fear, anxiety, and worry about COVID-19, general anxiety, and depression at baseline and after a month. We estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each altered emotional health outcomes in those who had one and two doses, compared with those who were not vaccinated using multilevel logistic regression with mixed effects.ResultsWe recruited 861 older adults. Loss to follow-up was 20.8%. At baseline, 43.9% had only one dose of the vaccine, and 49.1% had two doses. In the analysis during follow-up, those who had two doses had less fear (ORa: 0.19; CI95%: 0.07 to 0.51) and anxiety to COVID-19 (ORa: 0.45; CI95%: 0.22 to 0.89), compared to non-vaccinated. We observed no effects in those with only one dose.LimitationsInability to obtain the planned sample size for primary analysis. There is a selection bias during recruitment and a measurement bias because of self-reported vaccination.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccination with two doses in elders improves the perception of COVID-19 infection consequences. This information could be integrated into the vaccination campaign as its beneficial effect.HighlightsUp to 90% of elders in a Peruvian sample had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccineTwo doses of COVID-19 vaccine reduced the levels of fear and anxiety for COVID-19Only one dose of vaccine didn’t had effect in any emotional mental outcome