bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging diagnosis and treatment selection for brain tumors in the era of molecular therapeutics
Authors: Vagvala Saivenkat , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Jaimes Camilo , Huang Raymond Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, most CNS tumors require tissue sampling to discern their molecular/genomic landscape. However, growing research has shown the powerful role imaging can play in non-invasively and accurately detecting the molecular signature of these tumors. The overarching theme of this review article is to provide neuroradiologists and neurooncologists with a framework of several important molecular markers, their associated imaging features and the accuracy of those features. A particular emphasis is placed on those tumors and mutations that have specific or promising imaging correlates as well as their respective therapeutic potentials.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Blended Physical Literacy Intervention to Support Physical Activity and Health of Primary School Children
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Rudd James , Chow Jia Yi , Sit Cindy Hui Ping , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Sum Raymond Kim Wai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The concept of physical literacy (PL) has been advocated as the need to create environments fostering sustainable engagement in PA. This study adopted ecological approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a blended PL intervention embedded into the school day to support children’s PA and health.

Method
Designed as a three-arm randomized controlled trial, a total of 79 participants (59.5% girls) were randomly assigned to: the “Quantity + Quality” blended PL group combining sit–stand desks and play-based recess (SSPlay), the “Quality” group with play-based recess only (Play) or the control group. The intervention lasted for 13 weeks, and all the variables were collected at baseline, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up.

Results
SSPlay and Play group significantly improved on two of the embodied PL domains, Physical Competence (− 2.96 vs − 5.15, p < 0.05) and Knowledge and Understanding (− 2.35 vs − 2.00, p < 0.05), total errors of cognitive flexibility (24.00 vs 12.92, p < 0.05), and this difference was maintained at follow-up (p < 0.05). Whilst there was no interaction effect between groups, and time effects were found for PA and planning from baseline to post-intervention.

Conclusion
This was the first to adopt an ecological approach as an innovative strategy to provide the emergence of PA for children in Hong Kong. The blended intervention design that embedded both quantity and quality of PA into children’s school day has shown promise in supporting children’s all round development. PL intervention where environments are designed to increase the “Quantity + Quality” of children’s everyday interactions has led to improvements in PA and health outcomes, which may provide insights for future studies to adopt cost-friendly and feasible measures for promoting children’s PA in the school settings.
Trial Registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000035038. Registered 29 July 2020—Retrospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=46038.
Struggles for democracy: strategies and resources of initiatives for non-citizen voting rights at local levels in Europe
Authors: Sontag Katrin , Herzog Metka , Lässer Silva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with non-citizen voting rights from the perspective of grassroots initiatives that campaign for more inclusive local voting rights for migrants. It looks at three initiatives in three European cities with a growing foreign population: in Basel (Switzerland), Brussels (Belgium), and Freiburg (Germany). All three initiatives address authorities with the need to increase options for migrant political participation at the local level, encourage political engagement, and raise awareness of the topic. The initiatives use different strategies, which include the performance and appropriation of rights in symbolic elections or parliamentary sessions. We interpret these activities as “acts of citizenship” and observe that these acts are not only responses to available political opportunity structures, but rather mobilize external and internal networks and invest considerable resources to make this kind of engagement possible in a specific “resource environment”.
Utilization of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atlaw Daniel , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Degno Sisay , Mamo Ayele , Gudisa Zewudie , Zenbaba Demisu , Shiferaw Zerihun , Gezahegn Habtamu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Provider-initiated HIV testing, and counseling (PITC) is a service in which health professionals provide HIV testing to all patients in health facilities. Provider-initiated HIV testing, and counseling is an important opportunity for early screening of individuals, and it is fundamental for both HIV treatment and prevention. Although there are studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia, their findings are variable. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pooled utilization of PITC in Ethiopia.

Method
All studies conducted on utilization of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling at outpatient departments (OPD), inpatient departments (IPD), antenatal clinic care (ANC), and tuberculosis (TB) clinics in Ethiopia are eligible for these meta-analyses. A systematic search of the literature was conducted by the authors to identify all relevant primary studies. The databases used to search for studies were PubMed, Science Direct, POPLINE, HENARI, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The extracted data were imported into STATA version 14 software for statistical analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria for prevalence studies. The heterogeneity among all included studies was assessed by I2 statistics and the Cochran’s Q test. Pooled utilization along with its corresponding 95% CI was presented using a forest plot.

Result
About 1738 studies were retrieved from initial electronic searches using international databases and Google, and a total of 10,676 individual clients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled utilization of PITC in Ethiopia using the random effects model was estimated to be 78.9% (95% CI 73.87–83.85) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I2 = 98.5%; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis conducted on PITC showed the highest percentage among studies conducted in Addis Ababa (93.5%), while lower utilization was identified from a study conducted in the Tigray Region (35%).

Limitation of the study
The drawbacks of this review and meta-analysis were being reported with significant heterogeneity, and the protocol was not registered.

Conclusion
About 21% of health facility clients missed opportunities for PITC in Ethiopia.
Suspicious cold thyroid nodule with intense focal 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake: a case report
Authors: Manta Ringo , Delbart Wendy , Duran Derijckere Ivan , Quiriny Marie , Demetter Pieter , Flamen Patrick , Karfis Ioannis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 51-year-old male was found with bilateral thyroid nodules on ultrasonography neck imaging. The largest nodule, measuring 23 × 26 × 35 mm, was located in the left lobe and was classified as EU-TIRADS 4. Thyroid function tests were normal, as were serum levels of parathormone, Chromogranin A, carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin. The nodule was cold on thyroid scintigraphy. Fine-needle aspiration of the nodule did not demonstrate cellular atypia. High focal uptake was found on both 111In-DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. Histopathological analysis showed a microfollicular adenoma without malignancy. Immunohistochemical staining did not suggest neuroendocrine neoplasia or C cell hyperplasia. However, high expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) was observed in the microfollicular adenoma compared to the surrounding healthy tissue, with predominant localization in the endothelial cells and at the secretory pole of the thyroid epithelial cells in contact with blood vessels. High focal thyroid uptake on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT can be observed in benign thyroid nodules due to an overexpression of SSTR by endothelial cells. However, incidental focal thyroid uptake on SSTR imaging requires further investigations to rule out thyroid malignancy.
Refractory portal hypertension complications successfully managed by parallel transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): a case report
Authors: Weeratunga Senali , Nambiar Mithun , Handley Charles , Florescu Cosmin , Lyon Stuart M. , Le Suong , De Boo Diederick W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established intervention to treat complicated portal hypertension refractory to medical or endoscopic management. TIPS dysfunction results in the recurrence of portal hypertension symptoms. In cases of TIPS dysfunction or persistent portal hypertension despite a patent primary TIPS, the creation of parallel TIPS may be the only intervention to effectively reduce portal pressure. Since the introduction of dedicated TIPS stents (Viatorr®) the incidence of TIPS dysfunction has reduced profoundly. Nevertheless, the creation of a parallel TIPS can still be necessary in the current dedicated TIPS stent era.

Case presentation
We report one such patient who experienced ongoing portal hypertension induced upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage despite multiple TIPS revisions and a patent primary TIPS.

Conclusion
Following creation of a parallel TIPS, the patient remains in clinical remission with no further bleeding.
E-government and logistical health services during Hajj season
Authors: Aljohani Alhanouf , Nejaim Shatha , Khayyat Mashael , Aboulola Omar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Every year millions of Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia to perform the fifth pillar of Islam, the Hajj pilgrimage Aligned with the Kingdom's 2030 vision, the Ministry of Health works to provide advanced free medical services to pilgrims by implementing digital transformation. Hajj service providing companies are concerned with offering high-quality logistical services and removing obstacles that may face the pilgrims including those related to health and safety. In order to integrate healthcare applications with effectiveness, there is a need to have a unified electronic platform.

Results
This paper uses both primary and secondary data. The primary data collection has been done through an electronic survey and interviews with a number of employees working for Hajj and Umrah companies and an interview an employee in the health sector to support logistics health services. The secondary data have been collected through analyzing the official website of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that there is a lack of an integrating electronic interface of different applications that are provided by the companies involved and it is recommend that a unified medical database established as this could provide several benefits including informed decision-making, tracking of pilgrim’s health status, and increased user satisfaction.
Influence of mode of breathing on pharyngeal airway space and dento facial parameters in children: a short clinical study
Authors: Thribhuvanan Lakshmi , Saravanakumar M. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mouth breathing is considered as a mode of breathing modality that presents as a replacement to normal nasal breathing. This persistent pattern of mouth breathing have considerable influence on the development of dentofacial structures. This altered pattern of breathing have resulted in exhibiting considerable changes in pharyngeal airway space in children thereby hampering the child’s normal respiration which influences the developing occlusion in the child. Hundred subjects were selected following responses obtained from a provided questionnaire detailing the breathing modalities. They were divided into two groups of fifty each namely nasal breathers and mouth breathers and subjected to adequate clinical and cephalometric evaluation and their study casts were obtained for carrying out definitive conclusion. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and pharyngeal airway space in children.

Results
The values showed positive correlation between mouth breathers with increase in palatal height (P < 0.05), narrowing of the intermolar width (P < 0.05), reduction in pharyngeal airway space (< 0.05) and subsequently an increased incidence of Class II malocclusion.

Conclusions
Mouth breathing have undeniable influence on the growth of pharyngeal airway space and associated dental and skeletal structures in children.
Characterization of suicidal depression: A 1 year prospective study
Authors: Nobile Bénédicte , Olié Emilie , Dubois Jonathan , Benramdane Myriam , Guillaume Sébastien , Courtet Philippe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal ideation (SI) is an important risk factor of death by suicide. Recent data suggest that suicidal depression (i.e., moderate to severe depression with SI) could be a specific depression subtype with worse clinical outcomes than nonsuicidal depression (i.e., without SI).MethodsAmong 898 French adult inpatients (67% women, mean age: 41.23 [SD: 14.33]) with unipolar depression, 71.94% had moderate to severe depression (defined using the cut-offs of validated scales: beck depression inventory, clinician-rated 30-item inventory depression symptomatology, and quick inventory of depressive symptomatology) and among them, 63.6% had SI according to the suicidal item (score ≥ 2) of the depression scale they filled in. Clinical features (anxiety, psychological pain, and hopelessness) were assessed at baseline. The occurrence of a suicide attempt (SA) or a suicide event (SE) (i.e., actual, aborted or interrupted SA, or hospitalization for SI) was recorded during the 1-year follow-up. The risk of actual SA and SE was compared between groups with adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsThe risk of actual SA and SE during the follow-up was 2- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in patients with suicidal depression, independently of potential cofounders such as history of lifetime SA, age, sex, and baseline depression severity.ConclusionsSuicidal depression is associated with poorer prognosis in terms of actual SA/SE, despite optimal care (i.e., care in a hospital department specialized in the management of suicidal crisis). Specific therapeutic strategies might be needed for these patients.
Humoral Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern After mRNA Vaccines in Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chang Andres , Akhtar Akil , Linderman Susanne L. , Lai Lilin , Orellana-Noia Victor M. , Valanparambil Rajesh , Ahmed Hasan , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , McCook-Veal Ashley A. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Koff Jean L. , Blum Kristie A. , Ayers Amy A. , O'Leary Colin B. , Churnetski Michael C. , Sulaiman Shahana , Kives Melissa , Sheng Preston , Davis Carl W. , Nooka Ajay K. , Antia Rustom , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Suthar Mehul S. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Ahmed Rafi 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NHL/CLL) are at higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated vaccine-induced antibody responses in patients with NHL/CLL against the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and variants of concern including B.1.167.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood from 121 patients with NHL/CLL receiving two doses of vaccine were collected longitudinally. Antibody binding against the full-length spike protein, the receptor-binding, and N-terminal domains of the original strain and of variants was measured using a multiplex assay. Live-virus neutralization against Delta, Omicron, and the early WA1/2020 strains was measured using a focus reduction neutralization test. B cells were measured by flow cytometry. Correlation between vaccine response and clinical factors was determined. RESULTS Mean anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G–binding titers were 85-fold lower in patients with NHL/CLL compared with healthy controls, with seroconversion occurring in only 67% of patients. Neutralization titers were also lower and correlated with binding titers ( P < .0001). Treatment with anti-CD20-directed therapies within 1 year resulted in 136-fold lower binding titers. Peripheral blood B-cell count also correlated with vaccine response. At 3 months from last anti-CD20-directed therapy, B-cell count ≥ 4.31/μL blood around the time of vaccination predicted response (OR 7.46, P = .04). Antibody responses also correlated with age. Importantly, neutralization titers against Delta and Omicron were reduced six- and 42-fold, respectively, with 67% of patients seropositive for WA1/2020 exhibiting seronegativity for Omicron. CONCLUSION Antibody binding and live-virus neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern including Delta and Omicron were substantially lower in patients with NHL/CLL compared with healthy vaccinees. Anti-CD20-directed therapy < 1 year before vaccination and number of circulating B cells strongly predict vaccine response.
Sociodemographic and Facility-Related Disparities in the Delivery of Guideline-Concordant Therapy Among Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: da Costa Wilson L. , Camp E. Ramsay , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: Evidence on health disparities among patients treated with multimodality therapy protocols is still limited. We aimed to evaluate the associations between patient-level and system-level factors and the receipt of guideline-concordant therapy among patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). METHODS: This is a national cohort study of patients with stage I-III EA in the National Cancer Database (2006-2018) treated with either upfront resection or neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Clinical and pathologic staging data were used for defining guideline-concordant therapy. Logistic regression models were built to identify independent associations between deviations from treatment guidelines and clinical, sociodemographic, and hospital-related factors. RESULTS: Among 18,803 patients with EA treated at 1,049 hospitals, 4,511 had an endoscopic resection, 4,866 had upfront resection, and 9,426 had neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. A total of 16,002 patients (85.1%) received guideline-concordant therapy. Patients who were age 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR] 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.60), had a Charlson-Deyo modified score of ≥ 1, and were treated at hospitals with a safety-net burden of ≥ 10% (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.25) had higher risk of deviations from guidelines, whereas treatment at high-volume facilities (OR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95) and diagnosis after 2011 decreased this risk. Relative to cT0-1N0 patients, those with cT2N0 disease had the highest risk of deviations from guideline-concordant therapy (OR 3.76; 95% CI, 3.30 to 4.29). Among patients treated at high-volume facilities, safety-net burden over 10% increased the risk of deviations (OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.57). CONCLUSION: The delivery of guideline-concordant therapy among patients with EA varies significantly across clinical stage groups and is associated with several sociodemographic disparities. This knowledge should be a resource for future quality improvement strategies intended to address inequitable care within vulnerable populations.
Inactivation of Prefrontal Cortex Attenuates Behavioral Arousal Induced by Stimulation of Basal Forebrain During Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Dean Jon G. , Fields Christopher W. , Brito Michael A. , Silverstein Brian H. , Rybicki-Kler Chloe , Fryzel Anna M. , Groenhout Trent , Liu Tiecheng , Mashour George A. , Pal Dinesh 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Cholinergic stimulation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) can reverse anesthesia. Conversely, inactivation of PFC can delay emergence from anesthesia. PFC receives cholinergic projections from basal forebrain, which contains wake-promoting neurons. However, the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in arousal from the anesthetized state requires refinement, and it is currently unknown whether the arousal-promoting effect of basal forebrain is mediated through PFC. To address these gaps in knowledge, we implemented a novel approach to the use of chemogenetic stimulation and tested the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in behavioral arousal during sevoflurane anesthesia. Next, we investigated the effect of tetrodotoxin-mediated inactivation of PFC on behavioral arousal produced by electrical stimulation of basal forebrain during sevoflurane anesthesia.

METHODS:
Adult male and female transgenic rats (Long-Evans-Tg [ChAT-Cre]5.1 Deis; n = 22) were surgically prepared for expression of excitatory hM3D(Gq) receptors or mCherry in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, and activation of these neurons by local delivery of compound 21, an agonist for hM3D(Gq) receptors. The transgenic rats were fitted with microdialysis probes for agonist delivery into basal forebrain and simultaneous prefrontal acetylcholine measurement. Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared for bilateral electrical stimulation of basal forebrain and tetrodotoxin infusion (156 μM and 500 nL) into PFC (n = 9) or bilateral electrical stimulation of piriform cortex (n = 9) as an anatomical control. All rats were implanted with electrodes to monitor the electroencephalogram. Heart and respiration rates were monitored using noninvasive sensors. A 6-point scale was used to score behavioral arousal (0 = no arousal and 5 = return of righting reflex).

RESULTS:
Compound 21 delivery into basal forebrain of rats with hM3D(Gq) receptors during sevoflurane anesthesia produced increases in arousal score (P < .001; confidence interval [CI], 1.80–4.35), heart rate (P < .001; CI, 36.19–85.32), respiration rate (P < .001; CI, 22.81–58.78), theta/delta ratio (P = .008; CI, 0.028–0.16), and prefrontal acetylcholine (P < .001; CI, 1.73–7.46). Electrical stimulation of basal forebrain also produced increases in arousal score (P < .001; CI, 1.85–4.08), heart rate (P = .018; CI, 9.38–98.04), respiration rate (P < .001; CI, 24.15–53.82), and theta/delta ratio (P = .020; CI, 0.019–0.22), which were attenuated by tetrodotoxin-mediated inactivation of PFC.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study validates the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in behavioral arousal and demonstrates that the arousal-promoting effects of basal forebrain are mediated in part through PFC.