bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in women
Authors: Diab Jason , Moore Mark H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Facial trauma in women is complex with physical, psychosocial, and cultural influences impacting clinical presentations. Although multifactorial, assaults and falls are principally reported as the main causes.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted from January 2012 to January 2017 at the Women and Children’s Hospital and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide. All maxillofacial fractures in women that attended or were referred to the unit were included in this study. The primary objective was to analyse epidemiological trends of facial fractures and clinical outcomes in the South Australian female population.

Results
There is a bimodal distribution of facial fractures at 25–35 years and 65 + years. Indigenous females were 19.5 years younger than non-indigenous females (30.5 vs 49.9, P < 0.001). Approximately half the cohort had a fall-related facial fracture, followed by assault (26.2%), and sports (10.3%). There was a higher proportion of non-alcohol-related trauma from assaults than alcohol-related assaults (72.5% vs 27.5%, P < 0.001). Over half (58.0%) of the cohort had a midface fracture. The elderly had increased odds of 1.9 fold for facial fractures in winter, largely from falls, compared to younger women. Associated injuries were present in almost half the elderly women with 2.6 times the risk compared to younger women. Younger women had higher incidences of surgical intervention (52.6% vs 14.3%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Young women disproportionately experience larger incidences of non-alcohol-related assaults requiring operative intervention of the mandible, whereas elderly women principally suffer fall-related facial fractures with higher rates of associated injuries.
Sum of squares generalizations for conic sets
Authors: Kapelevich Lea , Coey Chris , Vielma Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolynomial nonnegativity constraints can often be handled using the sum of squares condition. This can be efficiently enforced using semidefinite programming formulations, or as more recently proposed by Papp and Yildiz (Papp D in SIAM J O 29: 822–851, 2019), using the sum of squares cone directly in an interior point algorithm. Beyond nonnegativity, more complicated polynomial constraints (in particular, generalizations of the positive semidefinite, second order and $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-norm cones) can also be modeled through structured sum of squares programs. We take a different approach and propose using more specialized cones instead. This can result in lower dimensional formulations, more efficient oracles for interior point methods, or self-concordant barriers with smaller parameters.
Pilonidal sinus disease: a 25-year experience and long-term results of different surgical techniques
Authors: Bubenova Maria , Mittlboeck Martina , Kulinna-Cosentini Christiane , Teleky Bela , Cosentini Enrico 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Background
The incidence of pilonidal disease is increasing. The choice of surgical approach differs between surgeons and countries. With better understanding of the etiology of the disease, there is a shift toward more successful concepts of treatment. In many cases, management can be challenging owing to the number of previous failed operations.

Objective
The aim of this retrospective single-center cohort study was to compare recurrence rates and postoperative wound complications between five treatment arms.

Methods
A total of 299 patients who underwent surgery for pilonidal disease between November 1994 and May 2019 were included. Primary endpoint was time to recurrence, secondary endpoint was wound care complication rate.

Results
Median follow-up was 85.8 months in 286 patients. An overall recurrence rate of 16.1% was observed at 24 months, 21.4% at 60 months, and 47.4% at 303 months; 24 months postoperatively, there was a range from 10.5% for excision with primary midline closure to 30.0% for the Bascom I procedure. Recurrence in excision with primary midline closure was 71.8% 268 months postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the five groups (p = 0.54). The highest prevalence of wound complications (46.3%) was in excision with midline closure. Cox regression showed that previous pilonidal operations are an independent prognostic factor for developing recurrence (p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that previous pilonidal operations have a significant predictive value for developing postoperative wound complications (odds ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval [1.61–10.18]; p = 0.003).

Conclusion
In order to improve surgical outcomes, emphasis should be given to adoption of techniques with high success rates.
Pleuraerkrankungen
Authors: Antoniewicz L. , Hoda M. A. , Gompelmann D. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungPleuraerkrankungen bieten ein weites Spektrum an Differenzialdiagnosen. Häufigstes Symptom ist der Pleuraerguss, der zur Luftnot führen kann. Neben der initialen bildgebenden Diagnostik mittels Röntgen, Sonographie des Thorax sowie Computertomographie ist die Pleurapunktion einer der wichtigsten diagnostischen Schritte. Dabei kann die Unterscheidung in ein Trans- und ein Exsudat Hinweise auf die zugrunde liegende Pleuraerkrankung geben. So sind Transsudate beispielsweise bei Dekompensation einer Herz‑, Leber- oder Niereninsuffizienz vorzufinden, Exsudate hingegen oft Ausdruck infektiöser oder maligner Erkrankungen. Eine zytologische Aufarbeitung kann v. a. bei malignen Prozessen den entscheidenden Hinweis geben. Ergibt sich kein richtungsweisender Befund, muss eine bioptisch-histologische Untersuchung der Pleura über eine Punktion oder Thorakoskopie erfolgen. Auch der Pneumothorax, bei dem es zur Luftansammlung in der Pleurahöhle kommt, gehört zu den Pleuraerkrankungen.
On the Discursive Construction of Social Entrepreneurship in Pitch Situations: The Intertextual Reproduction of Business and Social Discourse by Presenters and Their Audience
Authors: Kreutzer Karin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores the discourse of social entrepreneurs and their audiences in pitch situations. Adopting a practice perspective on social entrepreneurship, we videotaped 49 pitches by social entrepreneurs at five different events in two incubators in Germany and Switzerland. Our analysis of the start-ups’ pitches and the audience’s questions and comments as well as of interview data elucidates the nuances of social and business discourse that social entrepreneurs and their audiences draw upon. Our analysis shows how many social entrepreneurs mobilize a discursive repertoire that is familiar to their business-oriented audience while others predominantly draw on a social discourse. We identify separating, mixing, and combining as key strategies that allow social entrepreneurs to dance between the two. We discuss how the intertextual reproduction of concepts, objects, and subject positions contains both enabling and constraining elements, which results in an ethical dilemma for social entrepreneurs: Should they re-package their social impact story in a business discourse to connect with their audience?
Uncomfortable Memories and Non-Heritages: The Archaeology of Counter-Revolution and the Carlist Wars in the Basque Country
Authors: Tejerizo-García Carlos , Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of historical archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula has opened new and stimulating avenues of research into its most recent times. One of these has been the archaeology of the Carlist Wars, a series of nineteenth-century conflicts related to the overarching process of the emergence of liberal governments in Europe and, contemporarily, of counter-revolutionary movements. This paper will describe recent excavations at Carlist sites in the southern part of the Basque Country in order to tackle two interrelated questions: the limits and possibilities of a Carlist archaeology and the close connection of the specific materialities of these events and the politics of memory surrounding them. It is argued that the Carlist War materiality has not been considered in the process of the construction of the Basque heritage because these conflicts are not introduced into the legitimating narratives of the failed-state formation project of the Basque identity.
Inhibition of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase—hydrogen sulfide system promotes cellular lipid accumulation
Authors: Casili Giovanna , Randi Elisa , Panagaki Theodora , Zuhra Karim , Petrosino Maria , Szabo Csaba 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
H2S is generated in the adipose tissue by cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). H2S plays multiple roles in the regulation of various metabolic processes, including insulin resistance. H2S biosynthesis also occurs in adipocytes. Aging is known to be associated with a decline in H2S. Therefore, the question arises whether endogenous H2S deficiency may affect the process of adipocyte maturation and lipid accumulation. Among the three H2S-generating enzymes, the role of 3-MST is the least understood in adipocytes. Here we tested the effect of the 3-MST inhibitor 2-[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-one (HMPSNE) and the H2S donor (GYY4137) on the differentiation and adipogenesis of the adipocyte-like cells 3T3-L1 in vitro. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes in the presence of GYY4137 or HMPSNE. HMPSNE significantly enhanced lipid accumulation into the maturing adipocytes. On the other hand, suppressed lipid accumulation was observed in cells treated with the H2S donor. 3-MST inhibition increased, while H2S donation suppressed the expression of various H2S-producing enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. 3-MST knockdown also facilitated adipocytic differentiation and lipid uptake. The underlying mechanisms may involve impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation as well as the activation of various differentiation-associated transcription factors. Thus, the 3-MST/H2S system plays a tonic role in suppressing lipid accumulation and limiting the differentiation of adipocytes. Stimulation of 3-MST activity or supplementation of H2S—which has been recently linked to various experimental therapeutic approaches during aging—may be a potential experimental approach to counteract adipogenesis.
Should We Take Up the Slack?: Reflections on Non-ideal Theory in Ethics
Authors: Fukuma Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article asks whether (and how) our moral duties are created by others’ non-compliance and whether we should fulfill them or not. For example, do we need to donate more of our income to eradicate world poverty because billionaires do not donate? If so, how much should we donate? In short, should we make up for others’ defaulting on their moral duties – and if so, how and to what extent? Such situations are called non-ideal circumstances in political philosophy. With the increasing importance of non-ideal theories of justice and ethics, the question of how we should act in non-ideal situations has received more attention in the ethics literature in recent years. This article poses and addresses the question of whether we should take up the slack when others do not comply with their own moral duty. This article examines how consequentialism and contractualism might respond to non-ideal situations of taking up the slack and then defends a contractualist-constructivist approach to dealing with these situations.
Creative intention and persistence in educational robotic
Authors: Leroy Anaïs , Romero Margarida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen participants engage twice in the same creative problem-solving task with educational robots, they have the possibility to repeat the same solution, allowing them to complete the task faster, or to show a creative intention and behavior, engaging them in developing a new solution. In this study, we aim to analyze the creative process considering the creative intention and the persistence in the creative process. For this purpose, we engaged 115 adults to perform twice the same problem-solving task using modular robotic cubes without specific instruction concerning the way to solve the task the second time. Creative intention is observed when the participant tests a new solution in the beginning of the second realization of the task, creative persistence behavior is show when participant stay engaged in a new plan although it requires time and efforts. Results show that participants’ effective creative solution is related to their creative intention and the time engaged in the second occurrence of the educational robotic task (assessing the creative behavior persistence). These results suggest that the creative process leading to an effective creative solution in a repeated task requires an initial creative intention, but also a higher creative behavior persistence than engaging in a conservative behavior.
Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cities of Chile: Magnitude, Inequalities, and Urban Determinants
Authors: Alfaro Tania , Martinez-Folgar Kevin , Vives Alejandra , Bilal Usama 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe estimated excess mortality in Chilean cities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with city-level factors. We used mortality, and social and built environment data from the SALURBAL study for 21 Chilean cities, composed of 81 municipalities or “comunas”, grouped in 4 macroregions. We estimated excess mortality by comparing deaths from January 2020 up to June 2021 vs 2016–2019, using a generalized additive model. We estimated a total of 21,699 (95%CI 21,693 to 21,704) excess deaths across the 21 cities. Overall relative excess mortality was highest in the Metropolitan (Santiago) and the North regions (28.9% and 22.2%, respectively), followed by the South and Center regions (17.6% and 14.1%). At the city-level, the highest relative excess mortality was found in the Northern cities of Calama and Iquique (around 40%). Cities with higher residential overcrowding had higher excess mortality. In Santiago, capital of Chile, municipalities with higher educational attainment had lower relative excess mortality. These results provide insight into the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 in Chile, which has served as a magnifier of preexisting urban health inequalities, exhibiting different impacts between and within cities. Delving into these findings could help prioritize strategies addressed to prevent deaths in more vulnerable communities.
Defect Engineering in MBE-Grown CdTe Buffer Layers on GaAs (211)B Substrates
Authors: Pan W. W. , Gu R. J. , Zhang Z. K. , Lei W. , Umana-Membreno G. A. , Smith D. J. , Antoszewski J. , Faraone L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDemand for high-performance HgCdTe infrared detectors with larger array size and lower cost has fuelled the heteroepitaxial growth of HgCdTe on CdTe buffer layers on lattice-mismatched alternative substrates such as Si, Ge, GaAs and GaSb. However, the resulting high threading dislocation (TD) density in HgCdTe/CdTe limits their ultimate application. Herein, strained CdZnTe/CdTe superlattice layers have been used as dislocation filtering layers (DFL) to reduce the TDs in CdTe buffer layers grown on GaAs (211)B substrates (14.4% lattice-mismatch) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Cross-sectional microstructure characterization indicates that the DFLs suppress the propagation of TDs. For optimal Zn content combined with thermal annealing, the DFLs effectively reduce the defect density of the upper-most CdTe layer from low-107 cm−2 to the critical level of below 106 cm−2. In comparison to conventional buffer CdTe layers, the in-plane lattice of the CdTe layers in/near the DFL region is compressively strained, leading to a spread in x-ray double-crystal rocking curve full-width at half-maximum values but better in-plane lattice-matching with HgCdTe. The combined advantages of lower dislocation density and better lattice-matching with HgCdTe indicate that the DFL approach is a promising path towards achieving heteroepitaxy of high-quality HgCdTe on large-area lattice-mismatched substrates for fabricating next-generation infrared detectors.
Myiasis by Cordylobia anthropophaga (Calliphoridae) in rodents from Cape Verde
Authors: Fernández-Alvarez Ángela , Sánchez-Vicente Santiago , Feliu Carlos , Valladares Basilio , Miquel Jordi , Alves Joana , Melero-Alcíbar Rosario , Foronda Pilar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The tumbu fly, Cordylobia anthropophaga (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is widely distributed in continental tropical and subtropical Africa, being the most common cause of furuncular myiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the present work was to analyze the role of rodents as possible reservoirs of C. anthropophaga in Cape Verde, considering the zoonotic character of this fly species.

Materials and Methods
A total of 150 peridomestic rodents were studied in Santiago island. For the obtained larvae, morphological and molecular characters were analyzed.

Results
Cordylobia anthropophaga was found in 6.4% of the peridomestic Rattus rattus analyzed. The present work unveils the presence of C. anthropophaga in rodents of the African archipelago of Cape Verde, introduced probably with West African humans and/or animals.

Conclusion
The presence in peridomestic animals, and the wide range of species that this fly can affect, entails a zoonotic risk of myiasis by tumbu fly.
Prevalence and clinical significance of point of care elevated lactate at emergency admission in older patients: a prospective study
Authors: Gosselin Mélanie , Mabire Cédric , Pasquier Mathieu , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Hugli Olivier , Ageron Françcois-Xavier , Dami Fabrice 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Patients who are over 65 years old represent up to 24% of emergency department (ED) admissions. They are at increased risk of under-triage due to impaired physiological responses. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of elevated lactate by point of care testing (POCT) in this population. The secondary objective was to assess the additional value of lactate level in predicting an early poor outcome, as compared to and combined with common clinical scores and triage scales.

Methods
This monocentric prospective study recruited ED patients who were over 65 years old between July 19th 2019 and June 17th 2020. Patients consulting for seizures or needing immediate assessment were excluded. POCT lactates were considered elevated if ≥ 2.5 mmol/L. A poor outcome was defined based on certain complications or therapeutic decisions.

Results
In total, 602 patients were included; 163 (27.1%) had elevated lactate and 44 (7.3%) had a poor outcome. There was no association between poor outcome and lactate level. Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) was significantly associated with poor outcome, alongside National Early Warning Score (NEWS). Logistic regression also associated lactate level combined with MEWS and poor outcome.

Conclusion
The prevalence of elevated lactate was 27.1%. Lactate level alone or combined with different triage scales or clinical scores such as MEWS, NEWS and qSOFA was not associated with prediction of a poor outcome. MEWS alone performed best in predicting poor outcome. The usefulness of POCT lactate measurement at triage is questionable in the population of 65 and above.
Learning-based low-rank denoising
Authors: Cammarasana Simone , Patane Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe denoising of 2D images through low-rank methods is a relevant topic in digital image processing. This paper proposes a novel method that trains a learning network to predict the optimal thresholds of the singular value decomposition involved in the low-rank denoising of 2D images. To improve the denoising results, we apply the block-matching algorithm and classify each 3D block according to four parameters, which increase the specificity of the network for the prediction of the thresholds. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods for image denoising; furthermore, it is general with respect to the type of noise and provides an upper bound to the accuracy of the denoising of 2D images through the Singular Value Decomposition.
Types of usual sources of care and their association with healthcare outcomes among cancer survivors: a Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) study
Authors: Pandit Ambrish A. , Li Chenghui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess associations between usual source of care (USC) type and health status, healthcare access, utilization, and expenses among adult cancer survivors.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional analysis using 2013–2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey included 2690 observations representing 31,953,477 adult cancer survivors who were currently experiencing cancer and reporting one of five USC types: solo practicing physician (SPP), a specific person in a non-hospital facility, a specific person in a hospital-based facility, a non-hospital facility, and a hospital-based facility. We used logistic regressions and generalized linear models to determine associations of USC type with health status, healthcare access, utilization, and expenses, adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
All non-SPP USC types were associated with reporting more difficulties contacting USC by telephone during business hours (p < 0.05). Compared to SPP, non-hospital facility was associated with more difficulty getting needed prescriptions (OR: 1.81, p = 0.036) and higher annual expenses ($5225, p = 0.028), and hospital-based facility was associated with longer travel time (OR: 1.61, p = 048), more ED visits (0.13, p = 0.049), higher expenses ($6028, p = 0.014), and worse self-reported health status (OR: 1.93, p = 0.001), although both were more likely to open on nights/weekends (p < 0.05). Cancer survivors with a specific person in a hospital-based facility (vs. SPP) as USC were > twofold as likely (p < 0.05) to report difficulty getting needed prescriptions and contacting USC afterhours.

Conclusions
Among adult cancer survivors who were currently experiencing cancer, having a non-SPP type of UCS was associated with reporting more difficulties accessing care, worse health, more ED visits, and higher total expenses.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Transitioning to SPP type of USC may result in better healthcare outcomes.