bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE ROLE OF EARLY VERSUS DELAYED FIXATION OF INTRACAPSULAR FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN YOUNG POPULATION IN TERMS OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Khan Muhmmad Shoaib , Khan Muhammad Younas , Sajjad Ahsan , Ullah Hanif , Shah Syed Dil Bagh Ali , Shoaib Farwa 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the role of early versus delayed fixation of intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck in young population in terms of Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of Femoral Head.
Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Peshawar from January 2020 till June 2021 at the Department of Orthopedic Khyber Teaching Hospital and all patients with age 18 to 60 years who had the neck of femur fracture (Garden type 1 and 2 undisplaced and Garden type 3 and 4 displaced fracture) were included who presented within one week of fracture. Group 1 consisted of the early fixation group (fixated within 24 hours) while late group 2 consisted of the late fixation group (those who fixated after 24 hours). The development of AVN was assessed on follow-up X-ray at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Mean and standard deviation was used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken as significant. Shapiro Wilk’s test was done to find the normality of the data.
Results: The mean age of the 64 included patients was 52 ± 5 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5. The ratio of displaced to undisplaced fracture was 2:1. A total of 34 patients belonged to group 2 while 30 to group 1. In group 2, 9 patients with displaced fracture and 2 with undisplaced fracture experienced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. While in group 1, 8 patients with displaced fracture and 1 with undisplaced fracture experienced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. No significant effect of time delay on the chances of developing osteonecrosis of the femoral head was noted in group 2 even after a delay of 24 hours with a p-value of 0.201.
Conclusion: We conclude that there is no significant difference in the outcome of femoral neck fracture whether it was fixed early or late.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF P53 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, ORAL EPITHELIAL PRECURSOR LESIONS, AND NORMAL ORAL MUCOSA
Authors: Khan Abbas Saleem , Ahmad Sajjad , Iqbal Fatima , Saboor Abdus , Nisar Muhammad , Naushin Tehmina , Khalid Sheikh Ahmareen , Haq Mohsina , Ahmad Tariq , Rehman Basheer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of p53 in tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral epithelial precursor lesions and normal oral mucosa.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was jointly conducted at the Departments of Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of various medical and dental institutes of the country from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were included in the study. Oral tissue specimens were collected for lab investigations after obtaining written consent from all subjects. TP53 was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of 60 cases of OSCC, 60 cases of epithelial precursor lesions and normal oral mucosal samples of 60 healthy individuals. Data was recorded, evaluated and analysed by SPSS version 20.
Results: p53 protein expression was noted in 85% OSCC and 73% oral epithelial precursor lesions. Among healthy individuals ,one subject showed p53 immunoreactivity in normal oral mucosa.
Conclusion: Raised TP53 overexpression in OSCC and oral precursor lesions, compared to normal oral mucosa make it a probable candidate for potential predictive biomarker in oral premalignancy and malignancy.
MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENT’S PERCEPTION REGARDING CURRENTLY ADOPTED TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS; A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY FROM RAWALPINDI
Authors: Mahsood Naheed , Mehboob Awan Adeela , Nasre Alam Ali , Kibria Zeeshan , Aleem Saima 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Medical education is based upon innovating teaching strategies to teach more problem-solving attitudes in medical students. Teaching methodologies have evolved over the last few decades with the sole purpose of making teaching and learning interactive for students. This study aimed to evaluate the teaching methodologies and their effectiveness concerning students' perceptions.
Methodology: We conducted this cross-sectional study for six months. We included 115 medical students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad through convenient sampling who were willing to participate in the study. We used a self-structured questionnaire for the data collection, and data were analyzed using SPSS Version 24.
Result:
In this study, 57% of participants were female, and 43% were male. The majority of the study participants (49%) were from second-year MBBS. Around 91% of students were aware of different teaching methodologies. As per student perception, the most preferred teaching methodology was task-based (27.0%). The most ineffective method for students was self-directed learning (34.78%) and conventional lectures (26.1%).
Conclusion:
Medical students of different medical colleges have various teaching and learning methodologies, and they do have their perceptions regarding other effective and ineffective teaching and learning methods.

Key Words: Medical Students, Teaching Methodology, Perception, Learning
Unvaulting “Disney Plus Pop” in 2021: Romance, Melodrama, and Remembering in Taylor Swift’s All Too Well, McCartney’s Lyrics, and The Beatles: Get Back
Authors: Kapurch Katie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The congruous timing of Taylor Swift’s and the Beatles’ 2021 multiplatform media is an occasion to investigate comparable generic storytelling strategies, especially as they related to gender. Identifying the melodramatic romance of Swift’s All Too Well opens up similar dimensions of the Beatles’ media narrative, especially as articulated in Paul McCartney’s contributions to the marketing surrounding Get Back’s Disney Plus premiere on the streaming platform. More genre and Disney dynamics begin to emerge when I unravel a selection of correlations between Swift and McCartney and the Beatles. In doing so, I probe the gendered nature of mediated stories about musicians’ romances, melodramas, and remembering in 2021, a year that witnessed the ongoing coalescence of a phenomenon I term “Disney Plus Pop.”
Wild Strategies: Women and Music Research
Authors: Lopez Tara 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In the twenty-first century, women continue to be marginalized in music and music communities. Lopez explores these issues via the lens of her current research on El Paso punk rock. She not only highlights the obstacles in documenting women’s experience in music, but she develops a track list of relevant songs and a manifesto to remind researchers of ways to illuminate the multitude of roles women play in music. Lopez concludes that seeking out and documenting women’s voices is not merely a useful practice, but it is essential to fueling social change.
Infectious Disease Control and Human Health Investment: Learning by Controlling
Authors: Gibson Mark J. , Houenou Boris , Marsh Thomas L. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
This article develops a model that allows for two-way interaction between infectious disease dynamics and economic dynamics. The motivating application is the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, where purposeful investments in disease control played an important role. The authors, therefore, unlike other papers in the literature, model two types of investments: investments in general health and investments in disease control. Investments in disease control lead to learning by controlling, which reduces the transmission rate of the disease. Model simulations show that an endemic disease can have dramatic negative effects on population and output. Importantly, allowing for disease-control investments ameliorates these effects without crowding out consumption and general health investments. Moreover, the simulations varying the discount factor suggest that societies with substantial disease burdens are likely to prefer leaders and planners who are more impatient and therefore more willing to strongly invest in disease control. The model can help analyze the economic impacts of disease, guide disease preparedness, and responsiveness, and develop public health policies in countries that are severely and recurrently affected by infectious diseases.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PADA SAFIRA BAKERY
Authors: Rahayu Elly , Kifti Wan Mariatul , Rohminatin Rohminatin 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian iniÂ dilakukan di SafiraÂ Bakery yang merupakanÂ usaha milik perseorangan berdiri pada 26 September 2015 oleh Ibu Sukma Dewi, AMG (Sukma) di Batu Bara. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah di era digitalisasi saat ini, hampir semua usahaÂ melakukan pemasaran secara konvensional dan melalui website atau social media. Pada tahun 2020 Safira Bakery memutuskan menggunakan strategi Customer Relationship Management (CRM) khususnya untuk pengelolaan pelanggan melalui penyediaan website. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis Implementasi CRM pada Safira Bakery. MetodeÂ penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu hasil analisis kemudian dibandingkan dengan indicator keberhasilan implementasi CRM yang digunakan pada penelitian ini.Â Populasi penelitian ini adalah pelanggan Safira Bakery. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 orang. Besaran sampel ditentukan berdasarkan pendapat Roscoe dalam Sugiono (2015) dimana sampel ditentukan antara 30 sampai 500 orang.Data responden diolah menggunakan deskriftif frequencies. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan CRM pada Safira Bakery belum dilakukan secara maksimal. Data responden menyatakan bahwa 66.7% responden bukan pelanggan baru melainkan pelanggan tetap yang sering melakukan pembelian di Safira Bakery.Pendapatan Safira Bakery juga megalami penuruan pasca diterapkannya strategi CRM. Dan 100% responden menyatakan bahwa tidak ada informasi yang dikirim admin secara berkala ke pelangan.Â
PEMILIHAN KAIN BERKUALITAS DENGAN METODE SIMPLE MULTI ATTRIBUTE RATING TECHNIQUE PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN
Authors: Marpaung Nasrun , Nata Andri , Yesputra Rolly 
Published: April 2022

Kain merupakan bahan dasar dalam pembuatan pakaian. Dalam pembuatan pakaian terutama baju dengan kualitas yang baik tentunya membutuhkan bahan dasar yang baik pula. Sehingga pakaian yang dipakai memberikan kenyamanan bagi pemakainya. RizkyÂ Tailor merupakan salah satu usaha yang bergerak dibidang konveksi yang memproduksi pakaian berupa jas, kaos, baju olahraga, jaket kampus dan lainnya. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada Rizky Tailor adalah sulitnya menentukan kualitas bahan dasar yang akan diolah menjadi pakaian sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen. Dalam menentukan kualitas yang baik tidak cukup atas dasar rekomendasi pemilik konveksi, terkadang terdapat ketidakpercayaan konsumen, sehingga memilih bahan sesuai dengan yang mereka mau tetapi tanpa pengetahuan kualitas kain. Hal ini tentunya berdampak pada masa pemakaian yang menyebabkan ketidakpuasan konsumen kedepannya. Dalam penelitian ini untuk menentukan kualitas kain diguanakan metode SMART pada sistem pendukung keputusan yang menghasilkan keputusan menjadi pilihan alternatif bagi konsumen. Dengan adanya sistem ini dapat membantu konsumen dalam memilih jenis kain dengan cepat dan baik tanpa adanya keraguan.Â
PENERAPAN SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE (SUS) DALAM PENGUKURAN KEBERGUNAAN WEBSITE PROGRAM STUDI DI STMIK ROYAL
Authors: Kurniawan Edi , Nofriadi Nofriadi , Nata Andri 
Published: April 2022

STMIK Royal merupakan perguruan tinggi Komputer di Sumatera Utara yang mengedepankan penerapan teknologi informasi. Sebagian besar interaksi akademik di lingkungan STMIK Royal sudah mengadaptasi dan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi sebagai fasilitas utama sesuai dengan visi dan misi di institusi ini. Seperti adanya website kampus khususnya website program studi yang berguna memberikan informasi kepada mahasiswa atau cakupan lainnya. Terkait informasi Profil Program Studi, Info dan berita terbaru, Dosen, Kurikulum dan lain sebagainya. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan didapatkan permasalahan di website program studi STMIK Royal yaitu, selama ini masih belum ada upaya untuk melakukan evaluasi minimal untuk mengetahui seberapa mudah penggunaannya dan tujuan penggunaannya tercapai pada website ini. Pengukuran kegunaan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) karena SUS merupakan alat uji usability yang valid dan reliabel walaupun dengan sampel yang sedikit. Hasil Score SUS yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran kedua website program studi di STMIK Royal dimana website program studi Sistem Komputer memperoleh hasil akhir skor rata-rata SUS dengan nilai â€œ69,63â€ dan untuk website program studi Sistem Informasi memperoleh hasil akhir skor rata-rata SUS dengan nilai â€œ70,19â€. Dari hasil tersebut terlihat bahwa website portal ini masih perlu dikembangkan kembali ke tahap yang lebih baik.Â Â
Iron overload, its causes and complications
Authors: Mehboob Riffat 
Published: April 2022

Iron overload shows bioaccumulation of iron in the cells of body due to any reason or factor in the field of biology and medicine. The underlying mechanisms and causes may vary and also the physiology and pathology. The most prominent causes of iron overload are hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC) and iron overload due to blood transfusions [1]. These two causes of iron overload can result from repeated blood transfusions. Iron overload can be prevented by regulating iron absorption in most humans. People with elevated levels of iron in the body get disorders of iron overload and iron overload in the body is the risk factor for many cancers. Iron overload happens in those persons with impaired iron absorption regulation mechanisms. Iron overload caused by transfusions causes malfunctions of the liver, heart and endocrine organs. Problems may begin after 30 units of red blood cells or even earlier [2].
Human body has the regulatory mechanism to lessen the amount of iron that is absorbed by the cells through digested food. However, it doesnot completely ceases or blocks the iron transportation pathway, even in the circumstances, where the extra iron deteriorates the linings of intestine e.g. if children consume heavy dosage of iron tablets produced for adults, even this more quantity of iron may cause fatal syndrome of iron overload via bloodstream. Increased amounts of free iron in blood stream will damage the hepatic, cardiac and other cells which are involved in metabolic pathways. Iron overload also causes hepatocellular carcinoma [3].
Generally iron overload is a risk factor for cancer and this hypothesis is supported and accepted by many experiments, studies and human data. An overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals could explain its oncogenic effect. Among the many factors (viral hepatitis, alcohol, tobacco etc.) which play a role in carcinogenesis, iron overload is probably an important one and therefore should be diagnosed and treated well especially at their early stages treated [4].
Prognostic Significance of Cellular Iron Metabolism in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hassan Amber , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Tanvir Imrana , Rafi Uzma 
Published: April 2022

Cancer is caused due to rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells. Among females, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer globally. The most common risk factors for developing breast cancer are family history and estrogens. Radiation exposure, alcohol use, tobacco smoking, age and race are other risk factors of developing breast cancer. Objective: Aim of the present study was to check iron expression in the biopsies of patients with different grades of breast cancer and to see the prognostic significance of cellular iron metabolism in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 24 breast biopsies were studied using cross sectional study design, among which 19 cases were poorly differentiated, 5 cases were moderately differentiated and there was no case of well differentiated breast carcinoma. These total 24 biopsies were taken between age 20 to 80 years and all patients were females. Results: Among the 5 moderately differentiated cases ,2 cases (40%) were positive for iron staining and among 19 poorly differentiated cases, 8 cases (42%) were positive for iron staining. patients between age group 41-80 were more iron positive. Conclusion: It has been concluded that iron plays a significant role in the development of breast cancer. Both excess and deficient iron levels can potentially affect prognosis of breast cancer.
Relaties tussen politie en burgers in een veranderende context
Authors: Terpstra Jan , Verhage Antoinette , van Reemst Lisa 
Published: April 2022

Relations between police and citizens in a changing context
In the past years important changes have occurred in police work in the Netherlands and Belgium. These developments, and new questions that arose because of these developments, are the reason we dedicate a special issue to ‘the police and citizen in a changing context’. In this introduction of this issue, we describe a number of developments and new questions. We address the changing distance between police officers and citizens, authority and trust, the role of citizens, technology and digitization and growing complexity and diversity. In addition, the articles in this special issue are introduced.
Oude wijn in nieuwe zakken?
Authors: Snaphaan Thom , Pauwels Lieven , Hardyns Wim 
Published: April 2022

Old wine in new bottles? A study on the perceived effectiveness of neighborhood watch projects in a changing context
The rise of the internet and social media has important consequences for the way we interact, communicate and access information. This has repercussions for the police organization and also for the cooperation between police and citizens. One of these forms of cooperation between police and citizens are neighborhood watch (NW) projects (also known as ‘BINs’ in Belgium and ‘burgerwachten’ in the Netherlands). This study uses semi-structured interviews (n=380) in Belgium to examine how NW members and non-NW members perceive the effectiveness of both formal and informal NW projects and how the two relate to each other. The perceived effectiveness is assessed based on several criteria, including impact on crime, fear of crime, policing, and the relationship between police and citizens.
Burgerparticipatie bij vermissingen: een toepassing van de Theory of Planned Behavior binnen de districtsrecherche
Authors: Lam Jerôme , Schoonderwoerd Eline , Kop Nicolien 
Published: April 2022

Citizen participation in missing persons cases: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the District Criminal Investigations Teams
This article examines the use of citizen participation in urgent missing person cases. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to examine which specific considerations investigators have in this regard and which have the greatest influence on the choice of whether or not to involve citizens. The findings suggest that this choice is primarily attitude-driven. Detectives are predominantly positive about participation, but see harm to the investigation as the main risk. A practical implication is to focus collaboration primarily on professionally organized groups of citizens to reduce (perceived) risks.
Politie en de COVID-19-pandemie in België: impact op het politiewerk, de interne relaties en politie-burgerinteracties
Authors: Feys Yinthe 
Published: April 2022

Police and the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: impact on policing, the internal relations and police-citizen interactions
In this article, the author reflects on the impact of COVID-19 on policing, the relations among police officers and the interactions between police and citizens based on systematic social observations in small to semi-sized local police forces during the pandemic. The article discusses the nature of police work during the crisis and new types of interventions that police officers are confronted with (e.g. curfew controls). Additionally, the impact of the pandemic on the internal and external relations is discussed. Internally, the COVID-19 measures may have an impact on police officers’ possibilities for personal, social interactions among colleagues, which may potentially challenge the solidarity within the police force. Externally, tensions may arise in relations with citizens, partly because of unclear regulations or variable interpretations of those regulations. Those unclear regulations, but also uncertainties concerning one’s own competences and questions regarding the police’s role in enforcing the pandemic regulations, put pressure on the police’s (self-)legitimacy.
Kabinetsformaties op termijn? Een daadwerkelijk demissionaire status als alternatief voor een onwenselijk idee
Authors: van Oort S.P. 
Published: April 2022

Kabinetsformaties op termijn? Een daadwerkelijk demissionaire status als alternatief voor een onwenselijk idee
De stelling in deze aflevering van TvCR luidt: ‘Kabinetsformaties moeten voortaan aan een maximumtermijn worden onderworpen.’ Simon van Oort pleit tegen de stelling. Om kabinetsformaties vlotter te laten verlopen, zou de Tweede Kamer actiever gestalte moeten geven aan de figuur van controversieel-verklaring.
Failed or incomplete constitutional transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: O’Kubasu D. 
Published: April 2022

Failed or incomplete constitutional transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa
The subject of this article is constitutional transformations in Sub-Saharan Africa upon and after the region’s encounter with the third wave of democratization in Africa (TWD) that took place between 1989 and 1994. Since failure in democratic rule in the region was associated with the ease with which political elites amended formal constitutions to subvert democracy, anti-authoritarian factions perceived the solution to the problems bedevilling democratic governance in Africa to lie in formal constitutional rewriting. Hence, virtually all countries ventured into constitutional change – amendment or substitution – in the early 1990s. Inasmuch as different countries changed different formal aspects of their constitutions, they largely recognized multiparty democracy and obliterated the hitherto formulations that either allowed or endorsed single-party political regimes. Yet, on the ground different transitional outcomes were achieved, with a majority of countries either failing to transform at all from de facto authoritarianism or simply making partial transitions into semi-authoritarian or rather hybrid regimes. Using Cameroon, Kenya and Benin, this article contends that disestablishment of authoritarian rule depends on certain enabling factors, which seem to go beyond textual formulation and which may account for both the present conditions of these countries and the different transitional outcomes that were realized after these countries changed their formal constitutions in the early 1990s.
Kedisiplinan dalam Kasih Sebagai Dasar Melaksanakan Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Yesnita Yesnita 
Published: April 2022

Character education is not detached from the discipline of love and its evaporation to confront the moral crisis among the younger generations. Lack of discipline resulted in lack of responsibility. Discipline is not detached from the coaching that has been sought and carried out. The business of coaching in guiding the personality of one's behavior, acting in accordance with Christian values to become more mature, independent and integrity. Abstrak : Pendidikan karakter tidak terlepas dari kedisiplinan dalam kasih dan penguatannya untuk menghadapi krisisnya moral dikalangan generasi muda. Kurangnya kedisiplinan mengakibatkan kurangnya tanggungjawab. Kedisiplinan tidak terlepas dari pembinaan yang telah di upayakan dan dilaksanakan. Usaha pembinaan dalam membimbing kepribadian seseorang dalam berperilaku, bertindak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani untuk menjadi lebih dewasa, mandiri dan berintegritas.