bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells show immunomodulatory exosomal signatures
Authors: Kouroupis Dimitrios , Kaplan Lee D. , Best Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the human knee infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and synovium, resident synoviocytes and macrophages contribute to the onset and progression of inflammatory joint diseases. Our hypothesis is that IFP-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IFP-MSC) robust immunomodulatory therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their exosomal (IFP-MSC EXOs) secretome by attenuating synoviocytes and macrophages pro-inflammatory activation. IFP-MSC EXOs showed distinct miRNA and protein immunomodulatory profiles. Reactome analysis of 24 miRNAs highly present in exosomes showed their involvement in the regulation of six gene groups, including immune system. Exosomes were enriched for immunomodulatory and reparative proteins that are involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation, response to stimulus, signal transduction, signal receptor activity, and protein phosphorylation. Stimulated synoviocytes or macrophages exposed to IFP-MSC EXOs demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation, altered inflammation-related molecular profiles, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to stimulated alone. In an acute synovial/IFP inflammation rat model, IFP-MSC EXOs therapeutic treatment resulted in robust macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory therapeutic M2 phenotype within the synovium/IFP tissues. Based on these findings, we propose a viable cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapeutics as an alternative approach to treating synovitis and IFP fibrosis.
Branch-like enhancement on contrast enhanced MRI is a specific finding of cerebellar lymphoma compared with other pathologies
Authors: Yokoyama Kota , Oyama Jun , Tsuchiya Junichi , Karakama Jun , Tamura Kaoru , Inaji Motoki , Tanaka Yoji , Kobayashi Daisuke , Maehara Taketoshi , Tateishi Ukihide 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBranch-like enhancement (BLE) on contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found to be effective in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from high-grade glioma (HGG) in the cerebellum. However, whether it can be applied to assessments of secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL), or other cerebellar lesions is unknown. Hence, we retrospectively reviewed cerebellar masses to investigate the use of BLE in differentiating cerebellar lymphoma (CL), both primary and secondary, from other lesions. Two reviewers qualitatively evaluated the presence and degree of BLE on CE-T1 weighted imaging (T1WI). If multiple views were available, we determined the view in which BLE was the most visible. Seventy-five patients with the following pathologies were identified:17 patients with CL, 30 patients with metastasis, 12 patients with hemangioblastoma, 9 patients with HGG, and 7 patients with others. Twelve patients presented with PCNSL and five with SCNSL. Of 17 patients with CL, 15 (88%) had BLE, whereas three (5%) out of 58 patients in the non-CL group showed BLE. In patients who underwent three-dimensional-CE-T1WI, BLE was the most visible on the sagittal image. In conclusion, BLE is a highly specific finding for CL and the sagittal image is important in evaluating this finding.
Spatial distribution of live gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in various parts of human large intestine
Authors: Chinda Daisuke , Takada Toshihiko , Mikami Tatsuya , Shimizu Kensuke , Oana Kosuke , Arai Tetsu , Akitaya Kazuki , Sakuraba Hirotake , Katto Miyuki , Nagara Yusuke , Makino Hiroshi , Fujii Daichi , Oishi Kenji , Fukuda Shinsaku 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGut microbiomics is based on analysis of both live and dead cells in the stool. However, to understand the ecology of gut microbiota and their symbiotic relationships with hosts, spatial distribution of live bacteria must be examined. Here, we analyzed the live composition of luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in the ascending and descending colons and the rectums of 10 healthy adults and compared it with the total composition. The abundance of Lachnospiraceae in live LM decreased along the gut length and was significantly lower than that in total LM. Contrastingly, the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae in live LM was higher than that in total LM, suggesting differences in death rate during gut migration. Live Enterobacteriaceae levels in MAM were significantly higher in rectum than in the ascending and descending colons and in LM. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of luminal bile acids revealed that 7α-dehydroxylation occurred towards the rectum. In live LM where a bile acid-inducible gene could be detected, 7α-dehydroxylation rates were higher than those in the group without the gene. Overall, we showed differences in live bacteria composition among three gut sites and between LM and MAM, highlighting the importance of understanding their spatial distribution.
Temporal properties of positive and negative defocus on emmetropization
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Kang Pauline , Troilo David , Benavente-Perez Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudying the temporal integration of visual signals is crucial to understand how time spent on different visual tasks can affect emmetropization and refractive error development. In this study we assessed the effect of interrupting positive and negative lens-imposed defocus with brief periods of unrestricted vision or darkness. A total of forty-six marmosets were treated monocularly with soft contact lenses for 4 weeks from 10 weeks of age (OD: + 5D or − 5D; OS: plano). Two control groups wore + 5D (n = 5) or − 5D (n = 13) lenses continuously for 9 h/day. Two experimental groups had lens-wear interrupted for 30 min twice/day at noon and mid-afternoon by removing lenses and monitoring vision while marmosets sat at the center of a viewing cylinder (normal vision interruption, + 5D: n = 7; − 5D: n = 8) or while they were in the dark (dark interruption, + 5D: n = 7; − 5D: n = 6). The interruption period (30 min/day) represented approx. 10% of the total stimulation time (9 h/day). On-axis refractive error (RE) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were measured using an autorefractor and high frequency A-scan ultrasound at baseline and after treatment. Wearing + 5D lenses continuously 9 h/day for 4 weeks induced slowed eye growth and hyperopic shifts in RE in treated relative to contralateral control eyes (relative change, VCD: − 25 ± 11 μm, p > 0.05; RE: + 1.24 ± 0.58 D, p > 0.05), whereas − 5D lens wear resulted in larger and myopic eyes (relative change, VCD: + 109 ± 24 μm, p < 0.001; RE: − 2.03 ± 0.56 D, p < 0.05), significantly different from those in the + 5D lens-treated animals (p < 0.01 for both). Interrupting lens induced defocus with periods of normal vision or darkness for approx. 10% of the treatment time affected the resulting compensation differently for myopic and hyperopic defocus. Interrupting defocus with unrestricted vision reduced − 5D defocus compensation but enhanced + 5D defocus compensation (− 5D, VCD: + 18 ± 33 μm; RE: − 0.93 ± 0.50 D, both p > 0.05; + 5D, VCD: − 86 ± 30 μm; RE: + 1.93 ± 0.50 D, both p < 0.05). Interrupting defocus with darkness also decreased − 5D defocus compensation, but had little effect on + 5D defocus compensation (− 5D, VCD: + 73 ± 34 μm, RE: − 1.13 ± 0.77 D, p > 0.05 for both; + 5D, VCD: − 10 ± 28 μm, RE: + 1.22 ± 0.50 D, p > 0.05 for both). These findings in a non-human primate model of emmetropization are similar to those described in other species and confirm a non-linear model of visual signal integration over time. This suggests a mechanism that is conserved across species and may have clinical implications for myopia management in school-aged children.
Expression profiling of TaARGOS homoeologous drought responsive genes in bread wheat
Authors: Ahmed Kashif , Shabbir Ghulam , Ahmed Mukhtar , Noor Sabahat , Mohi Ud Din Atta , Qamar Maqsood , Rehman Nazia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrought tolerant germplasm is needed to increase crop production, since water scarcity is a critical bottleneck in crop productivity worldwide. Auxin Regulated Gene involved in Organ Size (ARGOS) is a large protein family of transcription factors that plays a vital role in organ size, plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses in plants. Although, the ARGOS gene family has been discovered and functionalized in a variety of crop plants, but a comprehensive and systematic investigation of ARGOS genes in locally used commercial wheat cultivars is still yet to be reported. The relative expression of three highly conserved TaARGOS homoeologous genes (TaARGOS-A, TaARGOS-B, TaARGOS-D) was studied in three drought-tolerant (Pakistan-2013, NARC-2009 and NR-499) and three sensitive (Borlaug-2016, NR-514 and NR-516) wheat genotypes under osmotic stress, induced by PEG-6000 at 0 (exogenous control), 2, 4, 6, and 12 h. The normalization of target genes was done using β-actin as endogenous control, whereas DREB3, as a marker gene was also transcribed, reinforcing the prevalence of dehydration in all stress treatments. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that osmotic stress induced expression of the three TaARGOS transcripts in different wheat seedlings at distinct timepoints. Overall, all genes exhibited significantly higher expression in the drought-tolerant genotypes as compared to the sensitive ones. For instance, the expression profile of TaARGOS-A and TaARGOS-D showed more than threefold increase at 2 h and six to sevenfold increase after 4 h of osmotic stress. However, after 6 h of osmotic stress these genes started to downregulate, and the lowest gene expression was noticed after 12 h of osmotic stress. Among all the homoeologous genes, TaARGOS-D, in particular, had a more significant influence on controlling plant growth and drought tolerance as it showed the highest expression. Altogether, TaARGOSs are involved in seedling establishment and overall plant growth. In addition, the tolerant group of genotypes had a much greater relative fold expression than the sensitive genotypes. Ultimately, Pakistan-2013 showed the highest relative expression of the studied genes than other genotypes which shows its proficiency to mitigate osmotic stress. Therefore, it could be cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions under moisture-deficient regimes. These findings advocated the molecular mechanism and regulatory roles of TaARGOS genes in plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance in contrasting groups of wheat genotypes, accompanied by the genetic nature of identified genotypes in terms of their potential for drought tolerance.
Rap1 prevents colitogenic Th17 cell expansion and facilitates Treg cell differentiation and distal TCR signaling
Authors: Ishihara Sayaka , Sato Tsuyoshi , Fujikado Noriyuki , Miyazaki Haruka , Yoshimoto Takayuki , Yamamoto Hiromitsu , Fukuda Shinji , Katagiri Koko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractT-cell-specific Rap1 deletion causes spontaneous colitis in mice. In the present study, we revealed that Rap1 deficiency in T cells impaired the preceding induction of intestinal RORγt+Treg cells. In the large intestinal lamina propria (LILP) of T-cell-specific Rap1-knockout mice (Rap1KO mice), Th17 cells were found to increase in a microbiota-dependent manner, and the inhibition of IL-17A production prevented the development of colitis. In the LILP of Rap1KO mice, RORγt+Treg cells were scarcely induced by 4 weeks of age. The expression of CTLA-4 on Rap1-deficient Treg cells was reduced and the expression of CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells was consequently elevated in Rap1KO mice. When cultured under each polarizing condition, Rap1-deficient naïve CD4+T cells did not show biased differentiation into Th17 cells; their differentiation into Treg cells as well as Th1 and Th2 cells was lesser than that of wild-type cells. Rap1-deficient naïve CD4+T cells were found to exhibit the defective nuclear translocation of NFAT and formation of actin foci in response to TCR engagement. These data suggest that Rap1 amplifies the TCR signaling required for Treg-mediated control of intestinal colitogenic Th17 responses.
A leafhopper saliva protein mediates horizontal transmission of viral pathogens from insect vectors into rice phloem
Authors: Wu Wei , Yi Ge , Lv Xinwei , Mao Qianzhuo , Wei Taiyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous insects transmit viruses together with saliva to plant phloem, but the roles of saliva components remain elusive. Here, we report that calcium-binding protein (CBP), a universal insect saliva protein, is modified to benefit horizontal transmission of a devastating rice reovirus into plant phloem. CBP effectively competes with virus-induced filaments to target and traverse actin-based apical plasmalemma into saliva-stored cavities in salivary glands of leafhopper vector. Thus, the inhibition of CBP expression by viral infection facilitates filament-mediated viral secretion into salivary cavities and then into plant phloem. Furthermore, virus-mediated reduction of CBP secretion causes an increase of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in rice, triggering substantial callose deposition and H2O2 production. Thus, viruliferous vectors encounter stronger feeding barriers, probe more frequently, and secrete more saliva into plants, ultimately enhancing viral transmission. We thus conclude that the inhibition of CBP secretion facilitates viral secretion and increases host defense response to benefit viral transmission.
The evolution of biogeochemical recycling by persistence-based selection
Authors: Boyle Richard A. , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDarwinian evolution operates at more restricted scales than the feedback processes within the Earth system, precluding the development of any systematic relationship between the organism-level traits favored by natural selection and the impact of these traits upon Earth’s long-term average habitability for life. “It’s-the-song-not-the-singer” theory proposes an extended understanding of natural selection to encompass differential persistence of non-replicating entities, potentially allowing for a quasi-Darwinian understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Here we use a simple stochastic model to demonstrate how persistence selection of the form invoked by “It’s-the-song-not-the-singer” can stabilize a generic nutrient recycling loop, despite its dependence upon genotypes with relatively low organism-level fitness. We present an evolutionary trajectory plausibly representative of aspects of Precambrian biogeochemical cycles, involving persistence-based selection for recycling via fluctuations in abiotic boundary conditions and strong genetic drift. We illustrate how self-perpetuating life-environment correlation patterns, as opposed to specific state-values, may help empirically distinguish “It’s-the-song-not-the-singer” from conventional Earth-system feedbacks.
The influence of l-aspartic acid on calcium carbonate nucleation and growth revealed by in situ liquid phase TEM
Authors: Longuinho Mariana M. , Ramnarain Vinavadini , Ortiz Peña Nathaly , Ihiawakrim Dris , Soria-Martínez Rubén , Farina Marcos , Ersen Ovidiu , Rossi André L. 
Published: March 2022

The l-Asp has a modulator function during CaCO3 crystallization by interaction with free calcium through coordinated bonds, forming vesicle-like structures during interaction CaCO3 nuclei.
Traitement de la supraclusion : intérêt de l'individualisation des traitements
Authors: Haïm Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

Une multitude de dispositifs médicaux ont été décrits pour le traitement de la supraclusion. Leur utilisation raisonnée doit procéder d'une démarche diagnostique intégrant à la fois; la localisation précise de la dysmorphose - supratopie du secteur antérieur maxillaire, mandibulaire ou mixte, infratopie des molaires, associée ou non à une anomalie squelettique du sens vertical – la prise en compte des préjudices avérés ou potentiels et la demande particulière du patient. La recherche du traitement le plus rapide, le moins onéreux, offrant le meilleur rapport « bénéfices / contraintes / risques » est l'objectif et la responsabilité du thérapeute.
Cette note clinique décrira deux situations très différentes ayant en commun la recherche de l'efficience et du meilleur compromis pour s'adapter à des situations spécifiques.
Chemical Constituents of Ulmus minor subsp. minor Fruits Used in the Italian Phytoalimurgic Tradition and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation
Authors: DʼAngiolo Michele , De Leo Marinella , Camangi Fabiano , Magliocca Giorgia , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Braca Alessandra , Marzocco Stefania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of Ulmus minor subsp. minor samaras EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts is reported in this work for the first time, resulting in the isolation
and characterization of twenty compounds (1 – 20) including one new flavan-3-ol (1), one new trihydroxy fatty acid (2), and two glycosylated flavonoids
(6 – 7) whose NMR data are not available in the literature. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was obtained by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Prior to further
pharmacological investigations, the extracts (100 – 6.25 µg/mL) and compounds 1 – 12 (50 – 5 µM) were tested for their influence on viability of a murine macrophage cell line
(J774A.1). Subsequently, extracts and compounds that did not impede viability, were studied for their inhibitory effect on some mediators of inflammation in J774A.1 cells stimulated with
lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (LPS). The NO release and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 were then evaluated and both extracts (50 – 6.25 µg/mL) and compounds (20 – 5 µM)
significantly inhibited NO release as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in macrophages. These data highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of several isolated compounds from U.
minor samaras supporting their possible alimentary use.
Intracranial Hemorrhage following Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of a Rare Complication
Authors: Al-Saadi Tariq , Al-Kindi Yahya , Allawati Moosa , Al-Saadi Hatem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a potentially severe complication of spinal surgeries. The occurrence of such complications causes deterioration of the patient's clinical status and delayed discharge from the hospital. Although no specific etiological factors were identified for this complication, but multiple risk factors might play role in its development, they include the use of anticoagulants, presence of uncontrolled hypertension, and perioperative patient positioning.
Aim A systematic review of the literature to investigate the prevalence of different types of intracranial hemorrhages in patients who underwent spinal surgeries.
Methods A literature review was conducted using multiple research databases. Data were extracted using multiple variables that were formulated incongruent with the study aim and then further analyzed.
Results A total of 79 studies were included in our analysis after applying the exclusion criteria and removing of repeated studies, 109 patients were identified where they were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage after spine surgery with a mean age of 54 years. The most common type of hemorrhage was cerebellar hemorrhage (56.0%) followed by SDH and intraparenchymal hemorrhage; 23.9 and 17.4%, respectively. The most common spine surgery was laminectomy (70.6%), followed by fixation and fusion (50.5%), excision of spinal lesions was done in 20.2% of the patient, and discectomy (14.7%).
Conclusion The data in this study showed that out of 112 patients with ICH, cerebellar hemorrhage was the most common type. ICH post–spine surgery is a rare complication and the real etiologies behind this complication are still unknown, cerebrospinal fluid drain and durotomy were suggested.
Peer reviewers’ dilemmas: a qualitative exploration of decisional conflict in the evaluation of grant applications in the medical humanities and social sciences
Authors: Vallée-Tourangeau Gaëlle , Wheelock Ana , Vandrevala Tushna , Harries Priscilla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndependent evaluations of grant applications by subject experts are an important part of the peer-review system. However, little is known about the real-time experiences of peer reviewers or experts who perform reviews of a grant application independently. This study sought to gain insight into this stage of the grant evaluation process by observing how experts conduct an independent review in near real time. Using the think aloud approach and Critical Decision Method of interviewing, in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 peer reviewers from a range of roles and disciplines within the medical humanities and social sciences. Participants were asked to think aloud while reviewing applications to different grant schemes from a single prestigious funder. The analysis shows reviewers encountered five dilemmas during the evaluation process. These dilemmas were related to whether or not one should (1) accept an invitation to review, (2) rely exclusively on the information presented in the application, (3) pay attention to institutional prestige, (4) offer comments about aspects that are not directly related to academics’ area of expertise, and (5) to take risks and overlook shortcomings rather than err on the side of caution. In order to decide on the appropriate course of action, reviewers often engaged in a series of deliberations and trade-offs—varying in length and complexity. However, their interpretation of what was ‘right’ was influenced by their values, preferences and experiences, but also by relevant norms and their understanding of the funder’s guidelines and priorities. As a result, the way reviewers approached the identified dilemmas was idiosyncratic and sometimes diametrically opposed to other reviewers’ views, which could lead to variation in peer-review outcomes. The dilemmas we have uncovered suggest that peer reviewers engage in thoughtful considerations during the peer-review process. We should, therefore, be wary of reducing the absence of consensus as resulting from biased, instinctive thinking. Rather, these findings highlight the diversity of values, priorities and habits and ways of working each reviewer brings to the fore when reviewing the applicants and their project proposals and call for further reflection on, and study of, this “invisible work” to better understand and continue to improve the peer-reviewing process.