bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Less Surface Sea Ice Melt in the CESM2 Improves Arctic Sea Ice Simulation With Minimal Non‐Polar Climate Impacts
Authors: Kay Jennifer E. , DeRepentigny Patricia , Holland Marika M. , Bailey David A. , DuVivier Alice K. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Ed , Deser Clara , Jahn Alexandra , Singh Hansi , Smith Madison M. , Webster Melinda A. , Edwards Jim , Lee Sun‐Seon , Rodgers Keith B. , Rosenbloom Nan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study isolates the influence of sea ice mean state on pre‐industrial climate and transient 1850–2100 climate change within a fully coupled global model: The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The CESM2 sea ice model physics is modified to increase surface albedo, reduce surface sea ice melt, and increase Arctic sea ice thickness and late summer cover. Importantly, increased Arctic sea ice in the modified model reduces a present‐day late‐summer ice cover bias. Of interest to coupled model development, this bias reduction is realized without degrading the global simulation including top‐of‐atmosphere energy imbalance, surface temperature, surface precipitation, and major modes of climate variability. The influence of these sea ice physics changes on transient 1850–2100 climate change is compared within a large initial condition ensemble framework. Despite similar global warming, the modified model with thicker Arctic sea ice than CESM2 has a delayed and more realistic transition to a seasonally ice free Arctic Ocean. Differences in transient climate change between the modified model and CESM2 are challenging to detect due to large internally generated climate variability. In particular, two common sea ice benchmarks—sea ice sensitivity and sea ice trends—are of limited value for comparing models with similar global warming. More broadly, these results show the importance of a reasonable Arctic sea ice mean state when simulating the transition to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean in a warming world. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of large initial condition ensembles for credible model‐to‐model and observation‐model comparisons.
Water Resource Management Implications for a Desert Oasis From Tree‐Ring δ18O Variations in Populus Euphratica in Northwest China
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yu , Meko David M. , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Pan Yingnan , Song Huiming , Liu Ruoshi , Sun Changfeng , Fang Congxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPaleoclimatic data has often been applied to demonstrate the influence of anthropogenic activities on runoff to desert rivers, and such features as reservoirs are clearly known to influence available water in downstream riparian settings. The impact of human activities on the hydrology of a downstream desert oasis is, however, an open question. High‐resolution hydroclimate paleo‐reconstructions for desert oases are lacking, partly because paleoclimate proxies in extremely dry deserts are insensitive to extremely low precipitation. Here, we first attempt to reconstruct regional precipitation (r = −0.743, p < 0.001, n = 49) for the interval 1886–2009 from the stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) of five Populus euphratica trees growing in the Ejina Oasis, on the lower reaches of the Heihe River in extremely arid Northwest China. The δ18O series for P. euphratica in the oasis (∼900 m a.s.l) abruptly increases relative to an δ18O series of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) growing in upper limit of forest (∼3,000 m a.s.l) in Longshou Mountain (middle reaches of the Heihe River) after about 2000, when the Ecological Water Diversion Project on the Heihe River was implemented. This finding implies that the Ejina Oasis suffered from serious drought during the last decade, or at least that the Oasis is stressed more than expected by current climate conditions. Other evidence also indicates that human activities contributed to a decrease in air moisture in the Ejina Oasis after 2000. To mitigate water stress on the oasis, we recommend some practical measures to ensure the rational development of the desert oasis.
Acousto-optically driven lensless single-shot ultrafast optical imaging
Authors: Touil Mohamed , Idlahcen Saïd , Becheker Rezki , Lebrun Denis , Rozé Claude , Hideur Ammar , Godin Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDriven by many applications in a wide span of scientific fields, a myriad of advanced ultrafast imaging techniques have emerged in the last decade, featuring record-high imaging speeds above a trillion-frame-per-second with long sequence depths. Although bringing remarkable insights into various ultrafast phenomena, their application out of a laboratory environment is however limited in most cases, either by the cost, complexity of the operation or by heavy data processing. We then report a versatile single-shot imaging technique combining sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) with acousto-optics programmable dispersive filtering (AOPDF) and digital in-line holography (DIH). On the one hand, a high degree of simplicity is reached through the AOPDF, which enables full control over the acquisition parameters via an electrically driven phase and amplitude spectro-temporal tailoring of the imaging pulses. Here, contrary to most single-shot techniques, the frame rate, exposure time, and frame intensities can be independently adjusted in a wide range of pulse durations and chirp values without resorting to complex shaping stages, making the system remarkably agile and user-friendly. On the other hand, the use of DIH, which does not require any reference beam, allows to achieve an even higher technical simplicity by allowing its lensless operation but also for reconstructing the object on a wide depth of field, contrary to classical techniques that only provide images in a single plane. The imaging speed of the system as well as its flexibility are demonstrated by visualizing ultrashort events on both the picosecond and nanosecond timescales. The virtues and limitations as well as the potential improvements of this on-demand ultrafast imaging method are critically discussed.
Suppressing thermal quenching via defect passivation for efficient quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Dezhong , Fu Yunxing , Zhan Hongmei , Zhao Chenyang , Gao Xiang , Qin Chuanjiang , Wang Lixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmission thermal quenching is commonly observed in quasi-2D perovskite emitters, which causes the severe drop in luminescence efficiency for the quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) during practical operations. However, this issue is often neglected and rarely studied, and the root cause of the thermal quenching has not been completely revealed now. Here, we develop a passivation strategy via the 2,7-dibromo-9,9-bis (3′-diethoxylphosphorylpropyl)-fluorene to investigate and suppress the thermal quenching. The agent can effectively passivate coordination-unsaturated Pb2+ defects of both surface and bulk of the film without affecting the perovskite crystallization, which helps to more truly demonstrate the important role of defects in thermal quenching. And our results reveal the root cause that the quenching will be strengthened by the defect-promoted exciton-phonon coupling. Ultimately, the PeLEDs with defect passivation achieve an improved external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 22% and doubled operation lifetime at room temperature, and can maintain about 85% of the initial EQE at 85 °C, much higher than 17% of the control device. These findings provide an important basis for fabricating practical PeLEDs for lighting and displays.
No obesity paradox in patients with community-acquired pneumonia – secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Borisov Angel N. , Blum Claudine A. , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Ebrahimi Fahim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for several chronic conditions and mortality. However, there are data in support of beneficial outcome in acute medical conditions such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), termed “obesity paradox”. The aim of this study was to test the association of BMI with clinical outcomes in a large randomized clinical trial of patients hospitalized with CAP.

Design and Methods
In total, 773 patients hospitalized with CAP were included in this study. Patients were stratified into four groups according to their baseline BMI (underweight <18.5, normal weight 18.5–25, overweight 25–30, and obese >30 kg/m2). The primary endpoint was time to clinical stability (TTCS). Secondary endpoints included 30-day mortality, ICU admission rate, CAP complications, and duration of antibiotic treatment.

Results
BMI and TTCS had a U-shaped association with shortest TTCS among patients at an overweight BMI of 28 kg/m2. In patients with obesity, there was a trend towards reduced hazards to reach clinical stability when compared to patients with normal weight (HR 0.82; 95%CI, 0.67–1.02; p = 0.07). In underweight BMI group TTCS was prolonged by 1 day (HR 0.63; 95%CI, 0.45–0.89; p = 0.008). There was no difference in mortality or ICU admission rates between BMI groups (p > 0.05). While in the underweight BMI group the total duration of antibiotic treatment was prolonged by 2.5 days (95%CI, 0.88–4.20, p = 0.003), there was no difference in patients with obesity.

Conclusions
The overweight BMI group had shortest time to clinical stability. While underweight patients face adverse clinical outcomes, there is neither beneficial, nor adverse outcome in patients with obesity hospitalized for CAP.
ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. NCT00973154).
Metabolite differences in the medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with and without persistent auditory verbal hallucinations: a 1H MRS study
Authors: Wang Qianjin , Ren Honghong , Li Chunwang , Li Zongchang , Li Jinguang , Li Hong , Dai Lulin , Dong Min , Zhou Jun , He Jingqi , O’Neill Joseph , Liao Yanhui , He Ying , Liu Tieqiao , Chen Xiaogang , Tang Jinsong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have associated auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) with structural and functional abnormalities in frontal cortex, especially medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Although abnormal prefrontal network connectivity associated with language production has been studied extensively, the relationship between mPFC dysfunction (highly relevant to the pathophysiology of SCZ) and AVH has been rarely investigated. In this study, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure metabolite levels in the mPFC in 61 SCZ patients with persistent AVH (pAVH), 53 SCZ patients without AVH (non-AVH), and 59 healthy controls (HC). The pAVH group showed significantly lower levels of N-acetyl-aspartate + N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (tNAA) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), compared with the non-AVH (tNAA: p = 0.022, Glx: p = 0.012) and HC (tNAA: p = 0.001, Glx: p = 0.001) groups. No difference was found in the levels of tNAA and Glx between non-AVH and HC. The levels of tNAA and Glx in the mPFC was negatively correlated with the severity of pAVH (tNAA: r = −0.24, p = 0.014; Glx: r = −0.30, p = 0.002). In conclusion, pAVH in SCZ patients might be related to decreased levels of tNAA and Glx in the mPFC, indicating that tNAA or Glx might play a key role in the pathogenesis of pAVH.
Treatment patterns and outcomes according to cytogenetic risk stratification in patients with multiple myeloma: a real-world analysis
Authors: Atrash Shebli , Flahavan Evelyn M. , Xu Tao , Ma Esprit , Karve Sudeep , Hong Wan-Jen , Jirau-Lucca Gilbert , Nixon Michael , Ailawadhi Sikander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA clearer understanding of the prognostic implications of t(11;14) in multiple myeloma (MM) is needed to inform current and future therapeutic options. We utilized real-world data from a US database to examine treatment patterns and outcomes in patients by t(11;14) status compared with high- and standard-risk subgroups across different lines of therapy (LoT). This retrospective, observational cohort study used de-identified patient-level information from adults with MM and first-line treatment initiation between January 2011 and January 2020, followed until February 2020. The high-risk cohort comprised patients with high-risk genetic abnormalities per mSMART criteria (including those with co-occurring t(11;14)). Among 6138 eligible patients, 6137, 3160, and 1654 received first-, second-, and third-line treatments, respectively. Of 645 patients who had t(11;14), 69.1% had t(11;14) alone, while 30.9% had co-occurring high-risk abnormalities. Altogether, 1624 and 2544 patients were classified as high- and standard-risk, respectively. In the absence of biomarker-driven therapy, treatment patterns remain similar across LoT in high-risk, t(11;14)+, and standard-risk subgroups. Across all LoT, patient outcomes in the high-risk subgroup were less favorable than those in the t(11;14)+ and standard-risk subgroups. Thus, there is an opportunity for novel therapeutics targeted to t(11;14) and other defined subgroups to personalize MM therapy and optimize patient outcomes.
Measuring protected-area effectiveness using vertebrate distributions from leech iDNA
Authors: Ji Yinqiu , Baker Christopher C. M. , Popescu Viorel D. , Wang Jiaxin , Wu Chunying , Wang Zhengyang , Li Yuanheng , Wang Lin , Hua Chaolang , Yang Zhongxing , Yang Chunyan , Xu Charles C. Y. , Diana Alex , Wen Qingzhong , Pierce Naomi E. , Yu Douglas W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtected areas are key to meeting biodiversity conservation goals, but direct measures of effectiveness have proven difficult to obtain. We address this challenge by using environmental DNA from leech-ingested bloodmeals to estimate spatially-resolved vertebrate occupancies across the 677 km2Ailaoshan reserve in Yunnan, China. From 30,468 leeches collected by 163 park rangers across 172 patrol areas, we identify 86 vertebrate species, including amphibians, mammals, birds and squamates. Multi-species occupancy modelling shows that species richness increases with elevation and distance to reserve edge. Most large mammals (e.g. sambar, black bear, serow, tufted deer) follow this pattern; the exceptions are the three domestic mammal species (cows, sheep, goats) and muntjak deer, which are more common at lower elevations. Vertebrate occupancies are a direct measure of conservation outcomes that can help guide protected-area management and improve the contributions that protected areas make towards global biodiversity goals. Here, we show the feasibility of using invertebrate-derived DNA to estimate spatially-resolved vertebrate occupancies across entire protected areas.
A distinct mechanism of C-type inactivation in the Kv-like KcsA mutant E71V
Authors: Rohaim Ahmed , Vermeulen Bram J. A. , Li Jing , Kümmerer Felix , Napoli Federico , Blachowicz Lydia , Medeiros-Silva João , Roux Benoît , Weingarth Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractC-type inactivation is of great physiological importance in voltage-activated K+ channels (Kv), but its structural basis remains unresolved. Knowledge about C-type inactivation has been largely deduced from the bacterial K+ channel KcsA, whose selectivity filter constricts under inactivating conditions. However, the filter is highly sensitive to its molecular environment, which is different in Kv channels than in KcsA. In particular, a glutamic acid residue at position 71 along the pore helix in KcsA is substituted by a valine conserved in most Kv channels, suggesting that this side chain is a molecular determinant of function. Here, a combination of X-ray crystallography, solid-state NMR and MD simulations of the E71V KcsA mutant is undertaken to explore inactivation in this Kv-like construct. X-ray and ssNMR data show that the filter of the Kv-like mutant does not constrict under inactivating conditions. Rather, the filter adopts a conformation that is slightly narrowed and rigidified. On the other hand, MD simulations indicate that the constricted conformation can nonetheless be stably established in the mutant channel. Together, these findings suggest that the Kv-like KcsA mutant may be associated with different modes of C-type inactivation, showing that distinct filter environments entail distinct C-type inactivation mechanisms.
Lower novelty-related locus coeruleus function is associated with Aβ-related cognitive decline in clinically healthy individuals
Authors: Prokopiou Prokopis C. , Engels-Domínguez Nina , Papp Kathryn V. , Scott Matthew R. , Schultz Aaron P. , Schneider Christoph , Farrell Michelle E. , Buckley Rachel F. , Quiroz Yakeel T. , El Fakhri Georges , Rentz Dorene M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A. , Jacobs Heidi I. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnimal and human imaging research reported that the presence of cortical Alzheimer’s Disease’s (AD) neuropathology, beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tau, is associated with altered neuronal activity and circuitry failure, together facilitating clinical progression. The locus coeruleus (LC), one of the initial subcortical regions harboring pretangle hyperphosphorylated tau, has widespread connections to the cortex modulating cognition. Here we investigate whether LC’s in-vivo neuronal activity and functional connectivity (FC) are associated with cognitive decline in conjunction with beta-amyloid. We combined functional MRI of a novel versus repeated face-name paradigm, beta-amyloid-PET and longitudinal cognitive data of 128 cognitively unimpaired older individuals. We show that LC activity and LC-FC with amygdala and hippocampus was higher during novelty. We also demonstrated that lower novelty-related LC activity and LC-FC with hippocampus and parahippocampus were associated with steeper beta-amyloid-related cognitive decline. Our results demonstrate the potential of LC’s functional properties as a gauge to identify individuals at-risk for AD-related cognitive decline.
Photonic heat transport in three terminal superconducting circuit
Authors: Gubaydullin Azat , Thomas George , Golubev Dmitry S. , Lvov Dmitrii , Peltonen Joonas T. , Pekola Jukka P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report an experimental realization of a three-terminal photonic heat transport device based on a superconducting quantum circuit. The central element of the device is a flux qubit made of a superconducting loop containing three Josephson junctions, which can be tuned by magnetic flux. It is connected to three resonators terminated by resistors. By heating one of the resistors and monitoring the temperatures of the other two, we determine photonic heat currents in the system and demonstrate their tunability by magnetic field at the level of 1 aW. We determine system parameters by performing microwave transmission measurements on a separate nominally identical sample and, in this way, demonstrate clear correlation between the level splitting of the qubit and the heat currents flowing through it. Our experiment is an important step towards realization of heat transistors, heat amplifiers, masers pumped by heat and other quantum heat transport devices.
Magnetotransport signatures of antiferromagnetism coexisting with charge order in the trilayer cuprate HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ
Authors: Oliviero V. , Benhabib S. , Gilmutdinov I. , Vignolle B. , Drigo L. , Massoudzadegan M. , Leroux M. , Rikken G. L. J. A. , Forget A. , Colson D. , Vignolles D. , Proust C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultilayered cuprates possess not only the highest superconducting temperature transition but also offer a unique platform to study disorder-free CuO2 planes and the interplay between competing orders with superconductivity. Here, we study the underdoped trilayer cuprate HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and we report quantum oscillation and Hall effect measurements in magnetic field up to 88 T. A careful analysis of the complex spectra of quantum oscillations strongly supports the coexistence of an antiferromagnetic order in the inner plane and a charge order in the outer planes. The presence of an ordered antiferromagnetic metallic state that extends deep in the superconducting phase is a key ingredient that supports magnetically mediated pairing interaction in cuprates.
Emergent quasiparticles at Luttinger surfaces
Authors: Fabrizio Michele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn periodic systems of interacting electrons, Fermi and Luttinger surfaces refer to the locations within the Brillouin zone of poles and zeros, respectively, of the single-particle Green’s function at zero energy and temperature. Such difference in analytic properties underlies the emergence of well-defined quasiparticles close to a Fermi surface, in contrast to their supposed non-existence close to a Luttinger surface, where the single-particle density-of-states vanishes at zero energy. We here show that, contrary to such common belief, dispersive ‘quasiparticles’ with infinite lifetime do exist also close to a pseudo-gapped Luttinger surface. Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of such ‘quasiparticles’ are just those of conventional ones. For instance, they yield well-defined quantum oscillations in Luttinger surface and linear-in-temperature specific heat, which is striking given the vanishing density of states of physical electrons, but actually not uncommon in strongly correlated materials.
Design of stable and self-regulated microbial consortia for chemical synthesis
Authors: Li Xianglai , Zhou Zhao , Li Wenna , Yan Yajun , Shen Xiaolin , Wang Jia , Sun Xinxiao , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrobial coculture engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for biomanufacturing. Stability and self-regulation pose a significant challenge for the generation of intrinsically robust cocultures for large-scale applications. Here, we introduce the use of multi-metabolite cross-feeding (MMCF) to establish a close correlation between the strains and the design rules for selecting the appropriate metabolic branches. This leads to an intrinicially stable two-strain coculture where the population composition and the product titer are insensitive to the initial inoculation ratios. With an intermediate-responsive biosensor, the population of the microbial coculture is autonomously balanced to minimize intermediate accumulation. This static-dynamic strategy is extendable to three-strain cocultures, as demonstrated with de novo biosynthesis of silybin/isosilybin. This strategy is generally applicable, paving the way to the industrial application of microbial cocultures.
Self-consistent determination of long-range electrostatics in neural network potentials
Authors: Gao Ang , Remsing Richard C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMachine learning has the potential to revolutionize the field of molecular simulation through the development of efficient and accurate models of interatomic interactions. Neural networks can model interactions with the accuracy of quantum mechanics-based calculations, but with a fraction of the cost, enabling simulations of large systems over long timescales. However, implicit in the construction of neural network potentials is an assumption of locality, wherein atomic arrangements on the nanometer-scale are used to learn interatomic interactions. Because of this assumption, the resulting neural network models cannot describe long-range interactions that play critical roles in dielectric screening and chemical reactivity. Here, we address this issue by introducing the self-consistent field neural network — a general approach for learning the long-range response of molecular systems in neural network potentials that relies on a physically meaningful separation of the interatomic interactions — and demonstrate its utility by modeling liquid water with and without applied fields.