bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling error‐based model‐free predictive current control of open‐end winding induction motor with simplified vector selection
Authors: Mousavi Mahdi S. , Davari S. Alireza , Flores‐Bahamonde Freddy , Garcia Cristian , Rodriguez Jose 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA sampling error‐based finite‐set predictive current control (FS‐PCC) is proposed in this article for the open‐end winding induction motor (OEWIM) drive. The proposed scheme controls the zero‐sequence current (ZSC) alongside the stator currents. In a model‐free approach, this method predicts the future of ZSC and stator current components by the stator current and voltage sampling errors. In this way, the parameters of the OEWIM are not utilised in the prediction algorithm of the FS‐PCC. So, the proposed method is robust against the variation of the parameter. Moreover, this article presents a simple vector selection technique for the FS‐PCC of the OEWIM. The proposed technique has two cost functions and a simple algebraic equation to put the voltage vectors (VVs) in the prediction algorithm. The first cost function uses VVs that do not have the zero‐sequence voltage component. Then, the algebraic equation determines VVs that must be utilised in the second cost function. Finally, the optimum VV is selected by the second cost function. In the proposed scheme, the prediction algorithm is iterated 14 times instead of 27 iterations of the conventional predictive algorithm. So, besides establishing a novel model‐free prediction algorithm, the proposed method has almost 50% fewer calculations. The validity of the proposed sampling error‐based FS‐PCC and the simplified vector selection technique has been verified through experimental tests.
Deep MR parametric imaging with the learned L+S model and attention mechanism
Authors: Qu Wenyi , Cheng Jing , Zhu Yanjie , Liang Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) parametric imaging can help the assessment of some certain diseases with its various contrast mechanisms. However, the main issue of MR parametric imaging is the long acquisition time, introducing many problems such as uncomfortable experiences for patients and motion artefacts. With the deep learning methods developing, some unrolling ones have been introduced to MR imaging as solutions. The purpose of this study is to improve both the quality and the speed of parametric imaging. The proposed method, named as LSA‐Net, introduced a learned low rank plus sparsity model with attention mechanism to reconstruct highly under‐sampled data for MR parametric imaging. The L+S model was used to represent the shared image structure among the parameter‐weighted images as low‐rank part and the difference among images and the ideal model as sparse part. Besides, the attention block was introduced to effectively improved quality for the region of interest, which was most concerned in clinical applications. Then the parameter map was generated from the reconstructed parameter‐weighted images by its exponential model. The LSA‐Net was evaluated on the in‐vivo 3D mapping, showing better performance on both image quality and time consumed than the comparing methods including LLR, SCOPE, L+S, and L+S‐Net.
UAV based adaptive trajectory tracking control with input saturation and unknown time‐varying disturbances
Authors: Zhou Yimin , Tian Zengwu , Lin Huaxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive control method for an underactuated complex nonlinear system, that is, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to realize high‐precision trajectory tracking under input saturation constraint and other disturbances via artificial neural network and anti‐saturation auxiliary system. First, the rigid body motion theory is applied to establish a simplified nonlinear dynamic model of the UAV. Then a Lyapunov function is designed with the error surface to form the preliminary control law based on dynamic surface control. Afterwards, a radical basis function neural network is developed and used to estimate and compensate the disturbance, while the input saturation is also addressed via the designed anti‐saturation auxiliary system. Thus the stability and signal consistency of the closed‐loop UAV control system can be proved via the Lyapunov stability theory with appropriately tuned parameters. Simulation experiments are performed to verify that the proposed control algorithm can be used for UAV high‐precision trajectory tracking under time‐varying disturbances.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging
Authors: Schottenhamml Julia , Hohberger Bettina , Mardin Christian Yahya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and artificial intelligence (AI) are two emerging fields that complement each other. OCTA enables the noninvasive, in vivo, 3D
visualization of retinal blood flow with a micrometer resolution, which has been impossible with other imaging modalities. As it does not need dye-based injections, it is also a safer
procedure for patients. AI has excited great interest in many fields of daily life, by enabling automatic processing of huge amounts of data with a performance that greatly surpasses
previous algorithms. It has been used in many breakthrough studies in recent years, such as the finding that AlphaGo can beat humans in the strategic board game of Go. This paper will give a
short introduction into both fields and will then explore the manifold applications of AI in OCTA imaging that have been presented in the recent years. These range from signal generation
over signal enhancement to interpretation tasks like segmentation and classification. In all these areas, AI-based algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance that has the
potential to improve standard care in ophthalmology when integrated into the daily clinical routine.
Berichtetes und gemessenes Riech- und Schmeckvermögen in einer Long-COVID-Kohorte
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Bitter Thomas , Kirschstein Timo , Laute Kerstin , Schade Ulrike , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Störungen des Riech- und Schmecksinns werden häufig zahlenmäßig übereinstimmend als Long-COVID-Symptom beklagt. Anhand von Befunden einer Spezialsprechstunde (HNO-LCS) soll geklärt werden, wie groß tatsächlich der Anteil pathologischer olfaktorischer bzw. gustatorischer Diagnosen in dieser Kohorte ist.
Methodik 48 erwachsene Patienten, die die HNO-LCS aus eigenem Leidensdruck aufsuchten, wurden nach ihrer Anamnese befragt, sie schätzten ihr Riech- (SER) und Schmeckvermögen (SES) mit Schulnoten ein und absolvierten als Riechtest den erweiterten Sniffin’Sticks-Test und als Schmecktest den 3-Tropfen-Test. Aus dem SDI-Riechscore und dem totalen Schmeckscore (SScore-total) wurden anhand von Normwerten Diagnosen erstellt. Zwischen den gemessenen Scores und der Selbsteinschätzung und zwischen SER und SES wurden Korrelationen berechnet.
Ergebnisse Tatsächliche pathologische chemosensorische Diagnosen bestanden bei 90% der Patienten. Pathologische olfaktorische Diagnosen waren doppelt so häufig wie gustatorische. Bei 10% der Kohorte war keine pathologische Diagnose verifizierbar. Bei 6 Patienten wurde ein Anosmie-Ageusie-Syndrom diagnostiziert. SER korrelierte stark mit SDI. SES korrelierte moderat mit SScore-total. SER korrelierte stark mit SES.
Schlussfolgerungen Bei der Interpretation berichteter chemosensorischer Symptome besteht die Gefahr einer Konfusion von Riechen und Schmecken durch die Betroffenen. Deshalb ist die Überprüfung der chemischen Sinne mit validierten Tests in Long-COVID-Ambulanzen wichtig.
Variations in the Neurosurgical Management of Depressed Skull Fractures in Adults: An International Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Suliman Amir , Jayakumar Nithish , Chaurasia Bipin , Holliman Damian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Depressed skull fractures have been well described since antiquity, yet its management remains controversial. Contentious issues include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and antiepileptics, the role of nonoperative management, and the replacement/removal of bone fragments. Our objective was to explore the management patterns of closed and open depressed skull fractures across the world.
Methods A 23-item, web-based survey was distributed electronically to the members of national neurosurgical associations, and on social media platforms. The survey was open for data collection from December 2020 to April 2021.
Results A total of 218 respondents completed the survey, representing 56 countries.With regard to open fractures, most respondents (85.8%) treated less than 50 cases annually. Most respondents (79.4%) offered prophylactic antibiotics to all patients with open fractures, with significant geographical variation (p < 0.001). Less than half of the respondents (48.2%) offered prophylactic antiepileptics. Almost all respondents (>90%) reported the following indications as important for surgical management: (1) grossly contaminated wound, (2) dural penetration, (3) depth of depression, and (4) underlying contusion/hematoma with mass effect. Most respondents treated less than 50 cases of closed depressed skull fractures annually. Most European respondents (81.7%) did not offer prophylactic antiepileptics in comparison to most Asian respondents (52.7%; p < 0.001). Depth of depression, an underlying hematoma/contusion with mass effect, and dural penetration were the most important surgical indications.
Conclusions There remains a great degree of uncertainty in the management strategies employed across the world in treating depressed fractures, and future work should involve multinational randomized trials.
Photochemical Synthesis of Pyrazolines from Tetrazoles in Flow
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Burke Adam , Spiccio Silvia , Di Filippo Mara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPyrazolines and their pyrazole congeners are important heterocyclic building blocks with numerous applications in the fine chemical industries. However, traditional routes towards these entities are based on multistep syntheses generating substantial amounts of chemical waste. Here we report an alternative approach using UV-light to convert tetrazoles into pyrazolines via a reagent-free photo-click strategy. This route generates nitrile imine dipoles in situ that are trapped with different dipolarophiles rendering a selection of these heterocyclic targets in high chemical yields. A continuous flow method is ultimately realized that generates multigram quantities of product in a safe and readily scalable manner thus demonstrating the value of this photochemical approach for future exploitations in industry.
Outcome of Preoperative Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic DRUJ Arthritis after Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Single-Institution Case Series
Authors: Dittman Lauren E. , Shin Alexander Y. , Rhee Peter C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Concomitant severe radiocarpal (RC) arthritis with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis can be debilitating for patients. Surgical management of these combined arthritides can pose a dilemma for surgeons and patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with concomitant RC and DRUJ arthritides who underwent only total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) to determine the need for subsequent surgical management of preoperative asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis.
Materials and Methods All patients who underwent TWA between 2008 and 2018 at a single institution were evaluated. Those patients who underwent TWA for degenerative, inflammatory, or posttraumatic arthritis with concomitant asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritis preoperatively were included. A retrospective review was performed for demographic variables, TWA indications, pre- versus post-TWA DRUJ symptoms, and severity of DRUJ arthritis on radiographs. Primary outcome measure was survivorship from subsequent DRUJ surgery for development of symptomatic arthritis after initial TWA.
Results One hundred and eighty-three patients underwent TWA during the study period, of which 39 wrists met inclusion criteria. Indications for TWA included posttraumatic arthritis (n = 22), avascular necrosis of the lunate (n = 10), and inflammatory arthritis (n = 7). The mean clinical follow-up was 5.7 years (range: 1.5–12.7 years). Four patients (10%) who underwent TWA ultimately required a subsequent procedure to address DRUJ arthritis at a mean time of 20 months (range: 3–60 months) after initial TWA. The initial indication for TWA in these patients included symptomatic posttraumatic arthritis (n = 3) and lunate avascular necrosis (n = 1).
Conclusion In patients with symptomatic RC and asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides undergoing TWA alone, 10% in this series required subsequent surgical management for progressive DRUJ arthritis.
Clinical Relevance Surgical management of concomitant symptomatic RC and asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic DRUJ arthritides with TWA alone is a reasonable initial approach. Patients should be counseled preoperatively that subsequent surgical management of progressive DRUJ arthritis may be necessary in ∼10% of patients.
Nuclear wave-packet-propagation-based study of the electron-coupled, proton-transfer process in the charge-transfer state of FHCl exhibiting three electronic states in full-dimensional space
Authors: Ariyageadsakul Pinit , Baeck Kyoung Koo 
Published: December 2022

The charge-transfer (CT) excited state of FHCl (F+H–Cl−), generated by the photodetachment of an electron from its precursor anion (FHCl−) by a photon energy of ∼9.5 eV, is a realistic prototype of two bidirectional-coupled reaction pathways, namely the proton-transfer (PT) and electron-transfer (ET) channels, that produce F + HCl and FH + Cl combinations, respectively. The early-time dynamics of the CT was studied via the time-dependent propagations of nuclear wave packets comprising three nonadiabatically coupled electronic states defined within a three-dimensional space. The detailed analyses of the early-time dynamics revealed an interesting phenomenon in which the onset of PT was ∼80 fs earlier than that of ET, indicating that PT dominated ET in this case. A more significant finding was that the proper adjustment of the electronic-charge distribution for the onset of ET was obtained ∼80 fs after the onset of PT; this adjustment was mediated by the initial movement of the H atom, i.e., the F–H vibration mode. To avail experimental observables, the branching ratio, χ = PT/(PT + ET), and absorption spectrum generating the neutral FHCl molecule from its precursor anion were also simulated. The results further demonstrated the dependences of the χs and spectrum on the change in the initial vibration level of the precursor anion, as well as the isotopic substitution of the connecting H atom with deuterium, tritium, and muonium.
Signs of low energy availability in elite male volleyball athletes but no association with risk of bone stress injury and patellar tendinopathy
Authors: Sesbreno Erik , Blondin Denis P. , Dziedzic Christine , Sygo Jennifer , Haman François , Leclerc Suzanne , Brazeau Anne‐Sophie , Mountjoy Margo 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTRelative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S) syndrome is associated with undesirable health and performance outcomes. The aetiology of RED‐S syndrome is low energy availability (LEA). LEA has been reported in male athletes in various sports, but there is little information in team sports. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the point‐prevalence of surrogate markers of LEA in elite male volleyball players and examine the association between low and normal total‐testosterone (TES) on endocrine markers, resting metabolic rate, bone mineral density (BMD), and history of injury/illness. Using a cross‐sectional design, 22 elite male volleyball players underwent anthropometric, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) and resting metabolic rate testing, bloodwork, dietary analysis, the three‐factor eating questionnaire–R18, injury/illness questionnaire and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment – patellar tendon questionnaire. The primary finding of this investigation was that 36% of athletes had ≥2 surrogate markers of LEA. Although fasted insulin was lower and cortisol was higher in players with low‐total TES, low BMD, low RMR and various other endocrine markers linked to LEA were not observed. More research is required to define surrogate markers of LEA in male athletes.
Second-order dust perturbations of the non-flat FLRW model with the positive cosmological constant
Authors: Sikora Szymon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a specific solution to the second-order cosmological perturbation theory is given. Perturbations are performed around any Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime filled with dust and with a positive cosmological constant. In particular, with a possibly non-vanishing spatial curvature. The adopted symmetry condition allows us to simplify the equations, leaving us with a great deal of freedom to choose the density distribution. In the result, we get a relatively simple metric of an inhomogeneous cosmological model, which will give a perfect tool for studying the influence of the local inhomogeneities onto the cosmological observables.
Phosphor thermometry in heat transfer fluids and liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems using (Sr,Ca)SiAlN3:Eu2+
Authors: Bollmann Jonas , Hickl Franziska , Preuster Patrick , Zigan Lars , Wasserscheid Peter , Will Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Temperature control in heat exchangers in reacting and non-reacting flows is of great importance for process optimization. In this context, phosphor thermometry is a promising technique for remote planar temperature sensing. The thermometry technique is based on exciting a luminescent material by a laser pulse and analyzing the subsequent phosphorescence signal. A particular interesting application is chemical hydrogen storage using liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems. The knowledge of temperature fields is of special interest for the characterization and understanding of hydrogen release from the carrier liquid. We investigated the luminescence properties of the thermographic phosphor (Sr,Ca)SiAIN3:Eu2+ (‘SCASN:Eu2+’) dispersed in different heat transfer fluids, in particular LOHC systems, using a newly developed calibration cell. As heat transfer fluids may be excited to fluorescence by the laser as well, their absorption and florescence behavior is studied to develop an excitation and detection concept for thermometry. We found strong absorption of the heat transfer fluids from the UV range to a wavelength of about 400 nm. In addition, fluorescence signals were found in the visible wavelength range, which can interfere with the phosphor emissions. These fluorescence signals should therefore be circumvented by utilizing the different luminescence decay times in the chosen detection strategy. For thermometry, the SCASN:Eu2+ particles were excited by a laser sheet of a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. A spectrometer and photomultiplier tube (PMT) were used to detect the emission spectrum and phosphorescence decay time (PDT). Two temperature evaluation strategies were applied, which are based on either the intensity ratio of two spectral emission regions (two-color laser-induced phosphorescence) or the PDT. The results obtained show an applicable measurement range between 293 K and 598 K for the intensity ratio method with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.12% K−1 at 293 K. For the PDT method, the phosphor allows measurements between 423 K and 598 K with a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.56% K−1 at 598 K.
A laser-induced dual ultrasonic wave method for noncontact load monitoring of pillar porcelain insulators
Authors: Zhao Zhou-Feng , Feng Qian , Hui Yang , Lu Kuang-Da , Li Xiao-Ying , Ye Bo , Zhang Jun , Song Tao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a noncontact load monitoring method based on laser-induced synchronous ultrasonic surface wave and air wave is presented to improve the accuracy of load measurement on pillar porcelain insulator. In order to eliminate the measurement error caused by insulator deformation, a correction algorithm for surface wave velocity calculation is established by introducing the air wave propagation time. An experimental setup of the load measurement system for pillar porcelain insulators based on laser-induced dual ultrasonic waves was assembled. A load calibration experiment and load detection experiment were carried out under various bending and torsional loads. The results showed that the proposed method is effective to solve the problem of the surface wave propagation time changing abruptly, greatly increasing the accuracy of load measurement. In the monitoring experiments, the relative error between the calculated load value and the actual applied load value was small, the average measurement error of the bending load was 16.20%, and the average measurement error of the torsional load was 11.38%. This proved that the measurement of the insulator load value using a laser ultrasonic surface wave is more precise than the traditional methods, making it more suitable for engineering inspection.
Verifying the equation for centripetal force: an augmented reality approach
Authors: Vidak Andrej , Movre Šapić Iva , Mešić Vanes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Classroom experiments related to investigating the centripetal force are often underrepresented in the physics teaching practice. This is largely due to the fact that schools lack the proper equipment and teachers lack the time to perform the rather tedious data collection procedures which are characteristic for some of the traditional experimental setups. A possible solution to this problem is to develop and utilize alternative experimental setups within the digital environment. In fact, earlier research has shown that new generations of students are highly motivated to learn physics in digital environments and that these environments often provide at least as efficient learning of concepts as traditional environments. In this article, we present an augmented reality Android application named CEntripetalForceAR (CEFAR) that allows students to experimentally investigate how centripetal force depends on the period of orbital motion and the orbital radius. A possible pedagogical approach to using CEFAR is also described, including suggestions on how CEFAR can be used to overcome some of the most common misconceptions related to circular motion. A user experience survey which included 163 first-year university students showed that CEFAR can be awarded an excellent usability rating. Most students stated that the application helped them to improve their understanding about centripetal force either by visualization or by the possibility to explore cause and effect relationships.
Modeling mousetrap car motion with polynomial functions of time
Authors: Johnson Wes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spring powered cars speed up and then slow down. This paper presents three different methods for modelling this motion. These models express the car’s position and velocity as polynomial functions of time. They can be constructed from only one distance and two time measurements. Mousetrap cars are ideal candidates to be modelled in this way because it is obvious when the spring stops acting to accelerate these cars. This paper presents a spreadsheet which generates positive vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs using these polynomial functions. Students can use this spreadsheet to learn more about the motion of their cars. This tool also enables students to view and evaluate several different representations of that motion.