bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care: a systematic scoping review of clinical practice guidelines since 2011
Authors: Jung Jenny , Karwal Eshreena K. , McDonald Steve , Turner Tari , Chou Doris , Vogel Joshua P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The World Health Organization is developing new recommendations focusing on the management of NCDs for pregnant, intrapartum, and postnatal women. Thus, to support the development of new guidelines and recommendations, we aimed to determine the availability, focus, and scope of recommendations of current guidelines for the management of NCDs during pregnancy, intrapartum, and postnatal period.MethodsPubMed, Global Index Medicus, TRIP, and Guideline International Network databases were searched on 31 May 2021, to identify any NCD-related guidelines published between 2011 and 2021 with no language or country restrictions. Websites of 165 professional organizations were also searched. Characteristics of included guidelines were analyzed, and recommendations were extracted from guidelines of five high-priority NCD conditions (diabetes, chronic hypertension, respiratory conditions, hemoglobinopathies and sickle cell disease, and mental and substance use disorders).ResultsFrom 6026 citations and 165 websites, 405 guidelines were included of which 132 (33%) were pregnancy-specific and 285 (88%) were developed in high-income countries. Among pregnancy-specific guidelines, the most common conditions for which recommendations were provided were gestational diabetes, circulatory diseases, thyroid disorders, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. For the five high-priority conditions, 47 guidelines were identified which provided 1834 recommendations, largely focused on antenatal care interventions (62%) such as early detection, screening tools, pharmacological treatment, and lifestyle education. Postnatal recommendations largely covered postnatal clinical assessments, lifestyle education, and breastfeeding. Health system recommendations largely covered multidisciplinary care teams and strengthening referral pathways.ConclusionsThis study provides a robust assessment of currently available guidelines and mapping of recommendations on NCD management within maternal health services, which will inform the scope of the World Health Organization’s future guideline development activities. This study identified a need to develop guidelines that consider NCDs holistically, with an integrated approach to antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care, and that are relevant for resource-limited contexts. Any such guidelines should consider what interventions are most essential to improving outcomes for women with NCDs and their newborns, and how variations in quality of NCD-related care can be addressed.
The effect of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiac structure and function in dogs
Authors: Partington C. , Hodgkiss-Geere H. , Woods G. R. T. , Dukes-McEwan J. , Flanagan J. , Biourge V. , German A. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn people, the cardiovascular effects of obesity include systemic hypertension, cardiac remodelling and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction, whilst weight reduction can reverse myocardial remodelling and reduce risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease. To date, variable results are reported in studies of the effect of obesity and controlled weight reduction on cardiovascular morphology and function in dogs. This prospective study aimed to assess cardiac function, heart rate variability, cardiac biomarkers and body composition before and after weight reduction in pet dogs with obesity. Twenty-four client-owned dogs referred for weight management due to obesity were recruited. To assess the cardiac effects of obesity, body composition analysis (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and cardiovascular assessment (echocardiography, Doppler blood pressure, electrocardiography, cardiac biomarkers) were performed prior to weight management. Twelve dogs completed the study and reached target weight, receiving a further cardiovascular assessment and DEXA. A Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare each variable pre- and post- weight reduction.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) duration of weight loss was 224 days (124–245 days), percentage weight loss was 23% (18–31%) of starting weight. Median change in body fat mass was -50% (-44% to -55%;P = 0.004), whilst median change in lean mass was -7% (+ 1% to -18%,P = 0.083).Before weight reduction, diastolic dysfunction (evidence of impaired relaxation in all dogs), increased left ventricular wall thickness and mildly elevated systolic blood pressure (14/24 ≥ 160 mmHg, median 165 mmHg (140–183)) were common features in dogs with obesity. However, systolic left ventricular wall dimensions were the only variables that changed after weight reduction, with a decrease in both the systolic interventricular septum (P = 0.029) and systolic left ventricular free wall (P = 0.017). There was no evidence of decreased heart rate variability in dogs with obesity (P = 0.367), and no change in cardiac biomarker concentrations with weight reduction (N-terminal proBNP,P = 0.262; cardiac troponin IP = 0.657).ConclusionsCanine obesity results in diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy, the latter of which improves with significant weight and fat mass reduction. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.
Generalized tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in a red fox phylogenetically related to livestock breakdowns
Authors: Pérez de Val Bernat , Perea Claudia , Estruch Josep , Solano-Manrique Carlos , Riera Carles , Sanz Albert , Vidal Enric , Velarde Roser 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium caprae is endemic in goat herds and free-ranging wild boars in Spain, causing infections in other livestock or wild animals to a lesser extent. TB infection in foxes is infrequently reported and they are usually considered spillover hosts of TB.

Case presentation
A blind, depressed and severely emaciated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was admitted to a rehabilitation center. After clinical examination it was humanely sacrificed. At necropsy, generalized TB lesions were observed that were subsequently confirmed by histopathology along with a co-infection with canine distemper virus. M. caprae was isolated from mycobacterial culture and spoligotype SB0415 was identified. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the isolated M. caprae was carried out and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were compared with other sequences of M. caprae isolated from livestock and wildlife of the same area throughout the last decade.

Conclusions
This is the first reported case of TB due to M. caprae in a fox in the Iberian Peninsula. WGS and SNP analysis, together with spatial-temporal investigations, associated this case with recent M. caprae outbreaks in cattle and goat herds of the area. The results indicated transmission of M. caprae between livestock and the fox, suggesting that this species may occasionally play a role in the epidemiology of animal TB.
ROR2, a driver of “phenotype switching” in melanoma?
Authors: Lopez-Bergami Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) is a receptor for the Wnt5a ligand that was shown to play a dual role in cancer. ROR2 was shown to either suppress or promote tumor progression in different tumor types by regulating the same biological processes (i.e. proliferation, invasion) in opposite ways. We have recently observed that ROR2 plays multiple and somewhat contradictory roles in melanoma where it impairs cell proliferation but promotes migration, EMT and chemoresistance. In the present article, ROR2 is proposed to be a major driver of “phenotype switching” in melanoma that can tilt the cellular behavior toward proliferative or invasive phenotypes. This function of ROR2 has therapeutic implications since it would provide an opportunity for targeting specific phenotypes such as invasive and drug-resistant ones by inhibiting ROR2.
Community perception of barriers and facilitators to institutional delivery care-seeking behavior in Northwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Nigusie Adane , Azale Telake , Yitayal Mezgebu , Derseh Lemma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Institutional delivery care-seeking behavior is considered a crucial step in preventing maternal and child death. However, the barriers and facilitators related to institutional delivery care-seeking behavior in the study area were not studied very in-depth. Hence, the current study aimed to explore barriers and enablers of institutional delivery care-seeking behavior in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A descriptive phenomenological qualitative inquiry was used. The data was collected by using a piloted interview guide. We collected data using in-depth interviews among women and men; and key informant interviews from the Female health development army and health extension workers in November and December 2019. Framework analysis was utilized for the analysis of the data.

Results
This study found out the potential factors which hinder and facilitate institutional delivery. The barriers to institutional delivery included the belief that pregnancy and childbirth are normal and business of women’s, women’s preference of home delivery with traditional attendants, family influence, fear of bad behavior of health care workers, and lack of resources. The facilitators were free maternal services (ambulance services and maternity services), having the experience of safe childbirth at health facilities, and women’s health development army linkage with health extension workers.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that low-risk perception of home delivery, socio-cultural influences, service provision modalities, and financial factors were the determinants of institutional delivery service use. Therefore, a stage-matched intervention shall be designed to improve the uptake of institutional delivery service use.
The wild life of ticks: Using passive surveillance to determine the distribution and wildlife host range of ticks and the exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis, 2010–2021
Authors: Thompson Alec T. , White Seth A. , Doub Emily E. , Sharma Prisha , Frierson Kenna , Dominguez Kristen , Shaw David , Weaver Dustin , Vigil Stacey L. , Bonilla Denise L. , Ruder Mark G. , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a large-scale, passive regional survey of ticks associated with wildlife of the eastern United States. Our primary goals were to better assess the current geographical distribution of exoticHaemaphysalis longicornisand to identify potential wild mammalian and avian host species. However, this large-scale survey also provided valuable information regarding the distribution and host associations for many other important tick species that utilize wildlife as hosts.MethodsTicks were opportunistically collected by cooperating state and federal wildlife agencies. All ticks were placed in the supplied vials and host information was recorded, including host species, age, sex, examination date, location (at least county and state), and estimated tick burden. All ticks were identified to species using morphology, and suspectH. longicorniswere confirmed through molecular techniques.ResultsIn total, 1940 hosts were examined from across 369 counties from 23 states in the eastern USA. From these submissions, 20,626 ticks were collected and identified belonging to 11 different species. Our passive surveillance efforts detected exoticH. longicornisfrom nine host species from eight states. Notably, some of the earliest detections ofH. longicornisin the USA were collected from wildlife through this passive surveillance network. In addition, numerous new county reports were generated forAmblyomma americanum,Amblyomma maculatum,Dermacentor albipictus,Dermacentor variabilis, andIxodes scapularis.ConclusionsThis study provided data on ticks collected from animals from 23 different states in the eastern USA between 2010 and 2021, with the primary goal of better characterizing the distribution and host associations of the exotic tickH. longicornis;however, new distribution data on tick species of veterinary or medical importance were also obtained. Collectively, our passive surveillance has detected numerous new county reports forH. longicornisas well asI. scapularis.Our study utilizing passive wildlife surveillance for ticks across the eastern USA is an effective method for surveying a diversity of wildlife host species, allowing us to better collect data on current tick distributions relevant to human and animal health.
The SELFI Study: Iodine Excess and Thyroid Dysfunction in Women Undergoing Oil-Soluble Contrast Hysterosalpingography
Authors: Mathews Divya M , Peart Jane M , Sim Robert G , Johnson Neil P , O'Sullivan Susannah , Derraik José G B , Hofman Paul L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) with oil-soluble contrast medium (OSCM) improves pregnancy rates. However, OSCM has high iodine content and long half-life, leading to potential iodine excess.

Objective
This work aimed to determine the pattern of iodine excess after OSCM HSG and the effect on thyroid function.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted of 196 consecutive consenting eligible women without overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. All completed the study with compliance greater than 95%. Participants underwent OSCM HSG (Auckland, 2019-2021) with serial monitoring of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and urine iodine concentration (UIC) for 24 weeks. The main outcome measure was the development of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), defined as a nonpregnant TSH greater than 4 mIU/L with normal FT4 (11-22 pmol/L) in those with normal baseline thyroid function.

Results
Iodine excess (UIC ≥ 300 μg/L) was almost universal (98%) with UIC peaking usually by 4 weeks. There was marked iodine excess, with 90% and 17% of participants having UIC greater than or equal to 1000 μg/L and greater than 10 000 μg/L, respectively. Iodine excess was prolonged with 67% having a UIC greater than or equal to 1000 μg/L for at least 3 months. SCH developed in 38%; the majority (96%) were mild (TSH 4-10 mIU/L) and most developed SCH by week 4 (75%). Three participants met the current treatment guidelines (TSH &gt; 10 mIU/L). Thyroxine treatment of mild SCH tended to improve pregnancy success (P = .063). Hyperthyroidism (TSH &lt; 0.3 mIU/L) occurred in 9 participants (5%).

Conclusion
OSCM HSG resulted in marked and prolonged iodine excess. SCH occurred frequently with late-onset hyperthyroidism occasionally. Regular thyroid function tests are required for 6 months following this procedure.
Homing in on a Moving Target: Androgen Receptor Cistromic Plasticity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eickhoff Nils , Bergman Andries M , Zwart Wilbert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is the critical driver in prostate cancer and exerts its function mainly through transcriptional control. Recent advances in clinical studies and cell line models have illustrated that AR chromatin binding features are not static; rather they are highly variable yet reproducibly altered between clinical stages. Extensive genomic analyses of AR chromatin binding features in different disease stages have revealed a high degree of plasticity of AR chromatin interactions in clinical samples. Mechanistically, AR chromatin binding patterns are associated with specific somatic mutations on AR and other permutations, including mutations of AR-interacting proteins. Here we summarize the most recent studies on how the AR cistrome is dynamically altered in prostate cancer models and patient samples, and what implications this has for the identification of therapeutic targets to avoid the emergence of treatment resistance.
Laminin-α4 Negatively Regulates Adipocyte Beiging Through the Suppression of AMPKα in Male Mice
Authors: Goddi Anna , Carmona Alanis , Park Soo-Young , Dalgin Gokhan , Gonzalez Porras Maria A , Brey Eric M , Cohen Ronald N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laminin-α4 (LAMA4) is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function. Prior research describes a role for LAMA4 in modulating adipocyte thermogenesis and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we describe that Lama4 knockout mice (Lama4−/−) exhibit heightened mitochondrial biogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) expression in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Furthermore, the acute silencing of LAMA4 with small interfering RNA in primary murine adipocytes was sufficient to upregulate the expression of thermogenic markers UCP1 and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16). Silencing also resulted in an upregulation of PGC1-α and adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α expression. Subsequently, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is downregulated in the sWAT of Lama4−/− mice, and its silencing in adipocytes similarly resulted in elevated expression of UCP1 and AMPKα. Last, we demonstrate that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived thermogenic adipocytes with LAMA4 (LN411) inhibited the expression of thermogenic markers and AMPKα. Overall, our results indicate that LAMA4 negatively regulates a thermogenic phenotype and pathways involving mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the suppression of AMPKα.
Racial Disparities in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in United States Cities
Authors: Eiermann Martin , Wrigley-Field Elizabeth , Feigenbaum James J. , Helgertz Jonas , Hernandez Elaine , Boen Courtney E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of extreme racial health inequality, the 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in a striking reduction of non-White to White influenza and pneumonia mortality disparities in United States cities. We provide the most complete account to date of these reduced racial disparities, showing that they were unexpectedly uniform across cities. Linking data from multiple sources, we then examine potential explanations for this finding, including city-level sociodemographic factors such as segregation, implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions, racial differences in exposure to the milder spring 1918 “herald wave,” and racial differences in early-life influenza exposures, resulting in differential immunological vulnerability to the 1918 flu. While we find little evidence for the first three explanations, we offer suggestive evidence that racial variation in childhood exposure to the 1889–1892 influenza pandemic may have shrunk racial disparities in 1918. We also highlight the possibility that differential behavioral responses to the herald wave may have protected non-White urban populations. By providing a comprehensive description and examination of racial inequality in mortality during the 1918 pandemic, we offer a framework for understanding disparities in infectious disease mortality that considers interactions between the natural histories of particular microbial agents and the social histories of those they infect.
Multiple functions of phospholipase Cβ1 at a glance
Authors: Rennie Madison , Lin Guanyu , Scarlata Suzanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) is the main effector of the Gq family of heterotrimeric G proteins that transduces signals from hormones and neurotransmitters into Ca2+ signals. While PLCβ is critical for Ca2+ responses, recent studies have suggested that PLCβ has additional roles independent of its lipase activity. These novel functions are carried out by a cytosolic population of PLCβ that binds and inhibits the component 3 promoter of RNA-induced silencing complex (C3PO) to impact cytosolic RNA populations. Additionally, cytosolic PLCβ binds to stress granule proteins, keeping them dispersed and thus inhibiting stress granule formation. Upon activation of the Gα subunit of Gq (Gαq), cytosolic PLCβ relocalizes to the membrane, releasing C3PO and stress granule proteins, which in turn promotes activation of C3PO and RNA processing, as well as sequestration of specific transcripts into newly formed stress granules. As highlighted in this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, the link between Gαq signaling, increased intracellular Ca2+ and changes in RNA processing impacts neuronal cell differentiation and may also affect neuronal development and dysfunction.
Temperature independence of haemoglobin–oxygen affinity in smalleye Pacific opah (Lampris incognitus) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
Authors: Morrison Phillip R. , Bernal Diego , Sepulveda Chugey A. , Wegner Nicholas C. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Smalleye Pacific opah and swordfish can conserve metabolic heat and maintain specific body regions warmer than ambient water temperature (i.e. regional heterothermy). Consequently, blood O2 uptake at the gills occurs at the environmental temperature at which the individual is found, but O2 offloading will occur at different temperatures in different tissues. While several regionally heterothermic fishes (e.g. billfishes, tunas and sharks) show a reduced temperature effect on haemoglobin (Hb)–O2 affinity, the temperature dependence of Hb–O2 affinity in opah and swordfish is unknown. We hypothesized that the Hb of opah and swordfish would also show a reduced temperature dependence. Opah whole-blood–O2 affinity exhibited a reverse temperature dependence above 50% Hb–O2 saturation (10–20°C, pH 7.2–8.0), while the temperature dependence of swordfish blood–O2 affinity (10–25°C) was saturation and pH dependent, becoming temperature independent below 50% Hb–O2 saturation and pH 7.4. Experiments on stripped haemolysates showed that adding ATP ([ATP]/[Hb]=30) decreased the temperature sensitivity of Hb–O2 affinity, changing the overall oxygenation enthalpy (ΔH′) values of opah (10–20°C) and swordfish (10–25°C) Hbs at pH 7.4 from −15 and −42 kJ mol−1 O2, respectively, to +84 and −9 kJ mol−1 O2. Swordfish blood–O2 affinity was high compared with that of other large, pelagic, marine teleosts, which may be the result of unusually low ATP/Hb levels, but might also enable swordfish to forage in the potentially low-oxygenated water of the upper reaches of the oxygen minimum layer. The existence of Hbs with reduced temperature sensitivity in regionally heterothermic fishes may prevent marked changes in Hb–O2 affinity between the cold and warm tissues.