bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial degradation of virgin polyethylene by bacteria isolated from a landfill site
Authors: Kopecká Romana , Kubínová Ivana , Sovová Kateřina , Mravcová Ludmila , Vítěz Tomáš , Vítězová Monika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study we evaluate the extent of degradation of high-density polyethylene by bacterial isolates obtained from landfill. The microorganisms are isolated from plastic wastes deposited in the landfill for 2–3 years and 17 years. Experiments are conducted under laboratory conditions to degrade virgin high-density polyethylene used in the manufacture of packaging materials. Gravimetric and GC–MS analyses are performed to describe polyethylene decomposition. Of all the bacterial isolates tested, the degradation of polyethylene by Bacillus cereus is the highest, 1.78%, based on weight loss. On the other hand, degradation by Pseudomonas tuomurensis is 0.3%. Degradation products are detected, confirming the progressive degradation of the plastic. The hydrocarbons with single and double bonds are observed most frequently. Our study provides insight into the microbial biodegradation of polyethylene in the environment and contributes to the understanding of the biodegradation processes that may occur in landfills and their progress.Article HighlightsMicroorganisms isolated from the landfill are capable of high-density polyethylene degradation.The biodegradation of high-density polyethylene is a slow process.Out of degradation products the hydrocarbons with single and double bonds were observed most frequently.
Gas permeameter for polymers and nanocomposites: a new equipment
Authors: Pavani Gilberto João , Pavani Sérgio Adalberto , Ferreira Carlos Arthur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation on the gas transport coefficients in the permeation of homogeneous semipermeable materials such as semicrystalline polymers under extreme pressures and temperatures is rarely found in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this work is to showcase innovation regarding the accuracy and usability of the medium pressure and temperature gas permeameter suitable for polymeric and polymeric nanocomposite plates built by the authors, which was tested with nitrogen at 1 MPa and 69 °C (342.15 K) permeating pure high density polyethylene samples (HDPE) and HDPE samples with added nanoclay, redoing the tests published in a previous work on the subject. The results were compared against data obtained previously and information present in the literature, validating the permeameter presented in this work, which is capable of analyzing gas permeability under the described conditions with greater accuracy and ease of operation than the previous model for the values of the transport coefficients of nitrogen permeating HDPE, demonstrating that the implemented improvements and advances were adequate, allowing the measurement of the transport properties of gases permeating polymeric and nanocomposite plates, necessary information for the design of risers for the transportation of oil and natural gas, for example.
Treatment biomarkers for ADHD: Taking stock and moving forward
Authors: Michelini Giorgia , Norman Luke J. , Shaw Philip , Loo Sandra K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of treatment biomarkers for psychiatric disorders has been challenging, particularly for heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Promising findings are also rarely translated into clinical practice, especially with regard to treatment decisions and development of novel treatments. Despite this slow progress, the available neuroimaging, electrophysiological (EEG) and genetic literature provides a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. This article gives an updated review of promising treatment biomarkers for ADHD which may enhance personalized medicine and novel treatment development. The available literature points to promising pre-treatment profiles predicting efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD. These candidate predictive biomarkers, particularly those based on low-cost and non-invasive EEG assessments, show promise for the future stratification of patients to specific treatments. Studies with repeated biomarker assessments further show that different treatments produce distinct changes in brain profiles, which track treatment-related clinical improvements. These candidate monitoring/response biomarkers may aid future monitoring of treatment effects and point to mechanistic targets for novel treatments, such as neurotherapies. Nevertheless, existing research does not support any immediate clinical applications of treatment biomarkers for ADHD. Key barriers are the paucity of replications and external validations, the use of small and homogeneous samples of predominantly White children, and practical limitations, including the cost and technical requirements of biomarker assessments and their unknown feasibility and acceptability for people with ADHD. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and methodological changes to promote clinical translation and enhance personalized treatment decisions for diverse groups of individuals with ADHD.
Lineage-selective super enhancers mediate core regulatory circuitry during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Chen , Tian Wen , Hu Shou-Ye , Di Chen-Xi , He Chang-Yi , Cao Qi-Long , Hao Ruo-Han , Dong Shan-Shan , Liu Cong-Cong , Rong Yu , Kang Hua-Feng , Yang Tie-Lin , Yang Zhi , Guo Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes. During these processes, super enhancers (SEs) play important roles. Here, we performed comprehensive characterization of the SEs changes associated with adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, and revealed that SEs changed more dramatically compared with typical enhancers. We identified a set of lineage-selective SEs, whose target genes were enriched with cell type-specific functions. Functional experiments in lineage-selective SEs demonstrated their specific roles in directed differentiation of hMSCs. We also found that some key transcription factors regulated by lineage-selective SEs could form core regulatory circuitry (CRC) to regulate each other’s expression and control the hMSCs fate determination. In addition, we found that GWAS SNPs of osteoporosis and obesity were significantly enriched in osteoblasts-selective SEs or adipocytes-selective SEs, respectively. Taken together, our studies unveiled important roles of lineage-selective SEs in hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes.
Persistent activity in human parietal cortex mediates perceptual choice repetition bias
Authors: Urai Anne E. , Donner Tobias H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHumans and other animals tend to repeat or alternate their previous choices, even when judging sensory stimuli presented in a random sequence. It is unclear if and how sensory, associative, and motor cortical circuits produce these idiosyncratic behavioral biases. Here, we combined behavioral modeling of a visual perceptual decision with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) analyses of neural dynamics, across multiple regions of the human cerebral cortex. We identified distinct history-dependent neural signals in motor and posterior parietal cortex. Gamma-band activity in parietal cortex tracked previous choices in a sustained fashion, and biased evidence accumulation toward choice repetition; sustained beta-band activity in motor cortex inversely reflected the previous motor action, and biased the accumulation starting point toward alternation. The parietal, not motor, signal mediated the impact of previous on current choice and reflected individual differences in choice repetition. In sum, parietal cortical signals seem to play a key role in shaping choice sequences.
A single arm phase Ib/II trial of first-line pembrolizumab, trastuzumab and chemotherapy for advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Choong-kun , Rha Sun Young , Kim Hyo Song , Jung Minkyu , Kang Beodeul , Che Jingmin , Kwon Woo Sun , Park Sejung , Bae Woo Kyun , Koo Dong-Hoe , Shin Su-Jin , Kim Hyunki , Jeung Hei-Cheul , Zang Dae Young , Lee Sang Kil , Nam Chung Mo , Chung Hyun Cheol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this multi-center phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a quadruplet regimen (pembrolizumab, trastuzumab, and doublet chemotherapy) as first-line therapy for unresectable or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC) (NCT02901301). The primary endpoints were recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for phase Ib and objective response rate (ORR) for phase II. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response, time to response and safety. Without dose-limiting or unexpected toxicities, the starting dose in the phase Ib trial was selected as RP2D. In 43 patients, the primary endpoint was achieved: the objective response rate was 76.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.4–88.2), with complete and partial responses in 14% and 62.8% of patients, respectively. The median progression-free survival, overall survival, and duration of response were 8.6 months, 19.3 months, and 10.8 months, respectively. No patients discontinued pembrolizumab because of immune-related adverse events. Programmed death ligand-1 status was not related to survival. Post hoc analyses of pretreatment tumor specimens via targeted sequencing indicated that ERBB2 amplification, RTK/RAS pathway alterations, and high neoantigen load corrected by HLA-B were positively related to survival. The current quadruplet regimen shows durable efficacy and safety for patients with HER2-positive AGC.
Helheim Glacier ice velocity variability responds to runoff and terminus position change at different timescales
Authors: Ultee Lizz , Felikson Denis , Minchew Brent , Stearns Leigh A. , Riel Bryan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet discharges ice to the ocean through hundreds of outlet glaciers. Recent acceleration of Greenland outlet glaciers has been linked to both oceanic and atmospheric drivers. Here, we leverage temporally dense observations, regional climate model output, and newly developed time series analysis tools to assess the most important forcings causing ice flow variability at one of the largest Greenland outlet glaciers, Helheim Glacier, from 2009 to 2017. We find that ice speed correlates most strongly with catchment-integrated runoff at seasonal to interannual scales, while multi-annual flow variability correlates most strongly with multi-annual terminus variability. The disparate time scales and the influence of subglacial topography on Helheim Glacier’s dynamics highlight different regimes that can inform modeling and forecasting of its future. Notably, our results suggest that the recent terminus history observed at Helheim is a response to, rather than the cause of, upstream changes.
Resolving subcellular pH with a quantitative fluorescent lifetime biosensor
Authors: Rennick Joshua J. , Nowell Cameron J. , Pouton Colin W. , Johnston Angus P. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChanges in sub-cellular pH play a key role in metabolism, membrane transport, and triggering cargo release from therapeutic delivery systems. Most methods to measure pH rely on intensity changes of pH sensitive fluorophores, however, these measurements are hampered by high uncertainty in the inferred pH and the need for multiple fluorophores. To address this, here we combine pH dependant fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (pHLIM) with deep learning to accurately quantify sub-cellular pH in individual vesicles. We engineer the pH sensitive protein mApple to localise in the cytosol, endosomes, and lysosomes, and demonstrate that pHLIM can rapidly detect pH changes induced by drugs such as bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. We also demonstrate that polyethylenimine (a common transfection reagent) does not exhibit a proton sponge effect and had no measurable impact on the pH of endocytic vesicles. pHLIM is a simple and quantitative method that will help to understand drug action and disease progression.
Inter-valley coherent order and isospin fluctuation mediated superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene
Authors: Chatterjee Shubhayu , Wang Taige , Berg Erez , Zaletel Michael P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuperconductivity was recently discovered in rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG) in the absence of a moiré potential. Superconductivity is observed proximate to a metallic state with reduced isospin symmetry, but it remains unknown whether this is a coincidence or a key ingredient for superconductivity. Using a Hartree-Fock analysis and constraints from experiments, we argue that the symmetry breaking is inter-valley coherent (IVC) in nature. We evaluate IVC fluctuations as a possible pairing glue, and find that they lead to chiral unconventional superconductivity when the fluctuations are strong. We further elucidate how the inter-valley Hund’s coupling determines the spin-structure of the IVC ground state and breaks the degeneracy between spin-singlet and triplet superconductivity. Remarkably, if the normal state is spin-unpolarized, we find that a ferromagnetic Hund’s coupling favors spin-singlet superconductivity, in agreement with experiments. Instead, if the normal state is spin-polarized, then IVC fluctuations lead to spin-triplet pairing.
Structural diversity in three-dimensional self-assembly of nanoplatelets by spherical confinement
Authors: Wang Da , Hermes Michiel , Najmr Stan , Tasios Nikos , Grau-Carbonell Albert , Liu Yang , Bals Sara , Dijkstra Marjolein , Murray Christopher B. , van Blaaderen Alfons 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanoplatelets offer many possibilities to construct advanced materials due to new properties associated with their (semi)two-dimensional shapes. However, precise control of both positional and orientational order of the nanoplatelets in three dimensions, which is required to achieve emerging and collective properties, is challenging to realize. Here, we combine experiments, advanced electron tomography and computer simulations to explore the structure of supraparticles self-assembled from nanoplatelets in slowly drying emulsion droplets. We demonstrate that the rich phase behaviour of nanoplatelets, and its sensitivity to subtle changes in shape and interaction potential can be used to guide the self-assembly into a wide range of different structures, offering precise control over both orientation and position order of the nanoplatelets. Our research is expected to shed light on the design of hierarchically structured metamaterials with distinct shape- and orientation- dependent properties.
Evidence of exciton-libron coupling in chirally adsorbed single molecules
Authors: Doležal Jiří , Canola Sofia , Hapala Prokop , de Campos Ferreira Rodrigo Cezar , Merino Pablo , Švec Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterplay between motion of nuclei and excitations has an important role in molecular photophysics of natural and artificial structures. Here we provide a detailed analysis of coupling between quantized librational modes (librons) and charged excited states (trions) on single phthalocyanine dyes adsorbed on a surface. By means of tip-induced electroluminescence performed with a scanning probe microscope, we identify libronic signatures in spectra of chirally adsorbed phthalocyanines and find that these signatures are absent from spectra of symmetrically adsorbed species. We create a model of the libronic coupling based on the Franck-Condon principle to simulate the spectral features. Experimentally measured librational spectra match very well the theoretically calculated librational eigenenergies and peak intensities (Franck-Condon factors). Moreover, the comparison reveals an unexpected depopulation channel for the zero libron of the excited state that can be effectively controlled by tuning the size of the nanocavity. Our results showcase the possibility of characterizing the dynamics of molecules by their low-energy molecular modes using µeV-resolved tip-enhanced spectroscopy.
Differential ABC transporter expression during hematopoiesis contributes to neutrophil-biased toxicity of Aurora kinase inhibitors
Authors: Chou David B. , Furlong Brooke A. , Posey Ryan R. , Kyprianou Christos , O’Sullivan Lucy R. , David Rhiannon , Randle Suzanne J. , Polanska Urszula M. , Travers Jon , Urosevic Jelena , Hutchinson John N. , Che Jianwei , Howley Anna M. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Prantil-Baun Rachelle , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrug-induced cytopenias are a prevalent and significant issue that worsens clinical outcomes and hinders the effective treatment of cancer. While reductions in blood cell numbers are classically associated with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, they also occur with newer targeted small molecules and the factors that determine the hematotoxicity profiles of oncologic drugs are not fully understood. Here, we explore why some Aurora kinase inhibitors cause preferential neutropenia. By studying drug responses of healthy human hematopoietic cells in vitro and analyzing existing gene expression datasets, we provide evidence that the enhanced vulnerability of neutrophil-lineage cells to Aurora kinase inhibition is caused by early developmental changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression. These data show that hematopoietic cell-intrinsic expression of ABC transporters may be an important factor that determines how some Aurora kinase inhibitors affect the bone marrow.
Diffraction-engineered holography: Beyond the depth representation limit of holographic displays
Authors: Yang Daeho , Seo Wontaek , Yu Hyeonseung , Kim Sun Il , Shin Bongsu , Lee Chang-Kun , Moon Seokil , An Jungkwuen , Hong Jong-Young , Sung Geeyoung , Lee Hong-Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHolography is one of the most prominent approaches to realize true-to-life reconstructions of objects. However, owing to the limited resolution of spatial light modulators compared to static holograms, reconstructed objects exhibit various coherent properties, such as content-dependent defocus blur and interference-induced noise. The coherent properties severely distort depth perception, the core of holographic displays to realize 3D scenes beyond 2D displays. Here, we propose a hologram that imitates defocus blur of incoherent light by engineering diffracted pattern of coherent light with adopting multi-plane holography, thereby offering real world-like defocus blur and photorealistic reconstruction. The proposed hologram is synthesized by optimizing a wave field to reconstruct numerous varifocal images after propagating the corresponding focal distances where the varifocal images are rendered using a physically-based renderer. Moreover, to reduce the computational costs associated with rendering and optimizing, we also demonstrate a network-based synthetic method that requires only an RGB-D image.
Clinical phenotypes and outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron in critically ill French patients with COVID-19
Authors: de Prost Nicolas , Audureau Etienne , Heming Nicholas , Gault Elyanne , Pham Tài , Chaghouri Amal , de Montmollin Nina , Voiriot Guillaume , Morand-Joubert Laurence , Joseph Adrien , Chaix Marie-Laure , Préau Sébastien , Favory Raphaël , Guigon Aurélie , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Burrel Sonia , Mayaux Julien , Marot Stéphane , Roux Damien , Descamps Diane , Meireles Sylvie , Pène Frédéric , Rozenberg Flore , Contou Damien , Henry Amandine , Gaudry Stéphane , Brichler Ségolène , Timsit Jean-François , Kimmoun Antoine , Hartard Cédric , Jandeaux Louise-Marie , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Gabarre Paul , Emery Malo , Garcia-Sanchez Claudio , Jochmans Sébastien , Pitsch Aurélia , Annane Djillali , Azoulay Elie , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Rodriguez Christophe , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Fourati Slim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfection with SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron is considered to be less severe than infection with variant Delta, with rarer occurrence of severe disease requiring intensive care. Little information is available on comorbid factors, clinical conditions and specific viral mutational patterns associated with the severity of variant Omicron infection. In this multicenter prospective cohort study, patients consecutively admitted for severe COVID-19 in 20 intensive care units in France between December 7th 2021 and May 1st 2022 were included. Among 259 patients, we show that the clinical phenotype of patients infected with variant Omicron (n = 148) is different from that in those infected with variant Delta (n = 111). We observe no significant relationship between Delta and Omicron variant lineages/sublineages and 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.68 [0.35–1.32]; p = 0.253). Among Omicron-infected patients, 43.2% are immunocompromised, most of whom have received two doses of vaccine or more (85.9%) but display a poor humoral response to vaccination. The mortality rate of immunocompromised patients infected with variant Omicron is significantly higher than that of non-immunocompromised patients (46.9% vs 26.2%; p = 0.009). In patients infected with variant Omicron, there is no association between specific sublineages (BA.1/BA.1.1 (n = 109) and BA.2 (n = 21)) or any viral genome polymorphisms/mutational profile and 28-day mortality.
RNF185 regulates proteostasis in Ebolavirus infection by crosstalk between the calnexin cycle, ERAD, and reticulophagy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Bin , Gao Xiaoxiao , Peng Cheng , Shan Chao , Johnson Silas F. , Schwartz Richard C. , Zheng Yong-Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVirus infection affects cellular proteostasis and provides an opportunity to study this cellular process under perturbation. The proteostasis network in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of the calnexin cycle, and the two protein degradation pathways ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD/ER-phagy/reticulophagy). Here we show that calnexin and calreticulin trigger Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein GP1,2 misfolding. Misfolded EBOV-GP1,2 is targeted by ERAD machinery, but this results in lysosomal instead of proteasomal degradation. Moreover, the ER Ub ligase RNF185, usually associated with ERAD, polyubiquitinates EBOV-GP1,2 on lysine 673 via ubiquitin K27-linkage. Polyubiquinated GP1,2 is subsequently recruited into autophagosomes by the soluble autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), in an ATG3- and ATG5-dependent manner. We conclude that EBOV hijacks all three proteostasis mechanisms in the ER to downregulate GP1,2 via polyubiquitination and show that this increases viral fitness. This study identifies linkages among proteostasis network components previously thought to function independently.