bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of the impact of aortic bifurcation geometry to AAA haemodynamics
Authors: Tikhvinskii Denis V. , Merzhoeva Lema R. , Chupakhin Alexander P. , Karpenko Andrey A. , Parshin Daniil V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a widespread disease of cardiovascular system. Predicting a moment of its rupture is an important task for modern vascular surgery. At the same time, little attention is paid to the comorbidities, which are often the causes of severe postoperative complications or even death. This work is devoted to a numerical study of the haemodynamics of the model geometry for possible localizations of abdominal aortic aneurysm: on the aortic trunk or on its bifurcation. Both rigid and FSI numerical simulations are considered and compared with the model aortic configuration without aneurysm. It is shown that in the case of localization of the aneurysm on the bifurcation, the pressure in aorta increases upstream. Moreover, only in the case of a special geometry,when the radii of the iliac arteries are equal (r
1 = r
2), and the angle between them is 60 degrees, there is a linear relationship between the pressure in the aorta above the aneurysm and the size of the aneurysm itself: the slope of the straight line is in the interval a ∈ (0.003; 0.857), and the coefficient of determination is R
2 ⩾ 0.75. The area bounded by the curve of the ‘pressure–velocity’ diagram for the values of velocity and pressure upstream in the presence of an aneurysm decreases compared to a healthy case (a vessel without an aneurysm). The simulation results in the rigid and FSI formulations agree qualitatively with each other. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the relationship between the geometrical parameters of the aneurysm and the changing of haemodynamics in the aortic bifurcation and its effect on the cardiovascular system upstream of the aneurysm.
Effect of thermal treatment process on the structure of C/SiO2 composite aerogels
Authors: Xu Na , Shen Xiao-dong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Carbon/silica composite (C/SiO2) aerogels were synthesized by using tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, resorcinol as the silicon and carbon sources, and ethanol as solvent, via the sol–gel process followed by supercritical ethanol drying and thermal treatment. The influence of thermal treatment process on the structure of C/SiO2 composite aerogels was analyzed mainly and measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results showed that the optimum thermal treatment temperature of C/SiO2 composite aerogels was 1,300°C. With the increase in the thermal treatment time, the linear shrinkage of the composite aerogels increased gradually, and the pore volume, average pore diameter and specific surface area of the composite aerogels increased first and then decreased.
Temporal Dynamics of Competition between Statistical Learning and Episodic Memory in Intracranial Recordings of Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Sherman Brynn E. , Graves Kathryn N. , Huberdeau David M. , Quraishi Imran H. , Damisah Eyiyemisi C. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: November 2022

The function of long-term memory is not just to reminisce about the past, but also to make predictions that help us behave appropriately and efficiently in the future. This predictive function of memory provides a new perspective on the classic question from memory research of why we remember some things but not others. If prediction is a key outcome of memory, then the extent to which an item generates a prediction signifies that this information already exists in memory and need not be encoded. We tested this principle using human intracranial EEG as a time-resolved method to quantify prediction in visual cortex during a statistical learning task and link the strength of these predictions to subsequent episodic memory behavior. Epilepsy patients of both sexes viewed rapid streams of scenes, some of which contained regularities that allowed the category of the next scene to be predicted. We verified that statistical learning occurred using neural frequency tagging and measured category prediction with multivariate pattern analysis. Although neural prediction was robust overall, this was driven entirely by predictive items that were subsequently forgotten. Such interference provides a mechanism by which prediction can regulate memory formation to prioritize encoding of information that could help learn new predictive relationships.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen faced with a new experience, we are rarely at a loss for what to do. Rather, because many aspects of the world are stable over time, we rely on past experiences to generate expectations that guide behavior. Here we show that these expectations during a new experience come at the expense of memory for that experience. From intracranial recordings of visual cortex, we decoded what humans expected to see next in a series of photographs based on patterns of neural activity. Photographs that generated strong neural expectations were more likely to be forgotten in a later behavioral memory test. Prioritizing the storage of experiences that currently lead to weak expectations could help improve these expectations in future encounters.
The Impact of Multivesicular Release on the Transmission of Sensory Information by Ribbon Synapses
Authors: James Ben , Piekarz Pawel , Moya-Díaz José , Lagnado Leon 
Published: November 2022

The statistics of vesicle release determine how synapses transfer information, but the classical Poisson model of independent release does not always hold at the first stages of vision and hearing. There, ribbon synapses also encode sensory signals as events comprising two or more vesicles released simultaneously. The implications of such coordinated multivesicular release (MVR) for spike generation are not known. Here we investigate how MVR alters the transmission of sensory information compared with Poisson synapses using a pure rate-code. We used leaky integrate-and-fire models incorporating the statistics of release measured experimentally from glutamatergic synapses of retinal bipolar cells in zebrafish (both sexes) and compared these with models assuming Poisson inputs constrained to operate at the same average rates. We find that MVR can increase the number of spikes generated per vesicle while reducing interspike intervals and latency to first spike. The combined effect was to increase the efficiency of information transfer (bits per vesicle) over a range of conditions mimicking target neurons of different size. MVR was most advantageous in neurons with short time constants and reliable synaptic inputs, when less convergence was required to trigger spikes. In the special case of a single input driving a neuron, as occurs in the auditory system of mammals, MVR increased information transfer whenever spike generation required more than one vesicle. This study demonstrates how presynaptic integration of vesicles by MVR can increase the efficiency with which sensory information is transmitted compared with a rate-code described by Poisson statistics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons communicate by the stochastic release of vesicles at the synapse and the statistics of this process will determine how information is represented by spikes. The classical model is that vesicles are released independently by a Poisson process, but this does not hold at ribbon-type synapses specialized to transmit the first electrical signals in vision and hearing, where two or more vesicles can fuse in a single event by a process termed coordinated multivesicular release. This study shows that multivesicular release can increase the number of spikes generated per vesicle and the efficiency of information transfer (bits per vesicle) over a range of conditions found in the retina and peripheral auditory system.
Structure and functional mapping of the KRAB‐KAP1 repressor complex
Authors: Stoll Guido A , Pandiloski Ninoslav , Douse Christopher H , Modis Yorgo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransposable elements are a genetic reservoir from which new genes and regulatory elements can emerge. However, expression of transposable elements can be pathogenic and is therefore tightly controlled. KRAB domain‐containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB‐ZFPs) recruit the co‐repressor KRAB‐associated protein 1 (KAP1/TRIM28) to regulate many transposable elements, but how KRAB‐ZFPs and KAP1 interact remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the KAP1 tripartite motif (TRIM) in complex with the KRAB domain from a human KRAB‐ZFP, ZNF93. Structure‐guided mutations in the KAP1‐KRAB binding interface abolished repressive activity in an epigenetic transcriptional silencing assay. Deposition of H3K9me3 over thousands of loci is lost genome‐wide in cells expressing a KAP1 variant with mutations that abolish KRAB binding. Our work identifies and functionally validates the KRAB‐KAP1 molecular interface, which is critical for a central transcriptional control axis in vertebrates. In addition, the structure‐based prediction of KAP1 recruitment efficiency will enable optimization of KRABs used in CRISPRi.
Chronic inflammation decreases HSC fitness by activating the druggable Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway
Authors: Grusanovic Srdjan , Danek Petr , Kuzmina Maria , Adamcova Miroslava K , Burocziova Monika , Mikyskova Romana , Vanickova Karolina , Kosanovic Sladjana , Pokorna Jana , Reinis Milan , Brdicka Tomas , Alberich‐Jorda Meritxell 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic inflammation represents a major threat to human health since long‐term systemic inflammation is known to affect distinct tissues and organs. Recently, solid evidence demonstrated that chronic inflammation affects hematopoiesis; however, how chronic inflammation affects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on the mechanistic level is poorly understood. Here, we employ a mouse model of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) to assess the effects of a spontaneously developed inflammatory condition on HSCs. We demonstrate that hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments in CMO BM contribute to HSC expansion and impair their function. Remarkably, our results suggest that the typical features of murine multifocal osteomyelitis and the HSC phenotype are mechanistically decoupled. We show that the CMO environment imprints a myeloid gene signature and imposes a pro‐inflammatory profile on HSCs. We identify IL‐6 and the Jak/Stat3 signaling pathway as critical mediators. However, while IL‐6 and Stat3 blockage reduce HSC numbers in CMO mice, only inhibition of Stat3 activity significantly rescues their fitness. Our data emphasize the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation on stem cell function, opening new venues for treatment.
Blocking STAT3/5 through direct or upstream kinase targeting in leukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Sorger Helena , Dey Saptaswa , Vieyra‐Garcia Pablo Augusto , Pölöske Daniel , Teufelberger Andrea R , de Araujo Elvin D , Sedighi Abootaleb , Graf Ricarda , Spiegl Benjamin , Lazzeri Isaac , Braun Till , Garces de los Fayos Alonso Ines , Schlederer Michaela , Timelthaler Gerald , Kodajova Petra , Pirker Christine , Surbek Marta , Machtinger Michael , Graier Thomas , Perchthaler Isabella , Pan Yi , Fink‐Puches Regina , Cerroni Lorenzo , Ober Jennifer , Otte Moritz , Albrecht Jana D , Tin Gary , Abdeldayem Ayah , Manaswiyoungkul Pimyupa , Olaoye Olasunkanmi O , Metzelder Martin L , Orlova Anna , Berger Walter , Wobser Marion , Nicolay Jan P , André Fiona , Nguyen Van Anh , Neubauer Heidi A , Fleck Roman , Merkel Olaf , Herling Marco , Heitzer Ellen , Gunning Patrick T , Kenner Lukas , Moriggl Richard , Wolf Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLeukemic cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (L‐CTCL) are lymphoproliferative disorders of skin‐homing mature T‐cells causing severe symptoms and high mortality through chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and serious infections. Despite numerous genomic sequencing efforts, recurrent driver mutations have not been identified, but chromosomal losses and gains are frequent and dominant. We integrated genomic landscape analyses with innovative pharmacologic interference studies to identify key vulnerable nodes in L‐CTCL. We detected copy number gains of loci containing the STAT3/5 oncogenes in 74% (n = 17/23) of L‐CTCL, which correlated with the increased clonal T‐cell count in the blood. Dual inhibition of STAT3/5 using small‐molecule degraders and multi‐kinase blockers abolished L‐CTCL cell growth in vitro and ex vivo, whereby PAK kinase inhibition was specifically selective for L‐CTCL patient cells carrying STAT3/5 gains. Importantly, the PAK inhibitor FRAx597 demonstrated encouraging anti‐leukemic activity in vivo by inhibiting tumor growth and disease dissemination in intradermally xenografted mice. We conclude that STAT3/5 and PAK kinase interaction represents a new therapeutic node to be further explored in L‐CTCL.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and vagus nerve trigger preovulatory LH and ovulation
Authors: Vieyra Elizabeth , García Julio C , Zarco Hugo A , Linares Rosa , Rosas Gabriela , Ramírez Deyra A , Chaparro Andrea , Espinoza Julieta A , Domínguez Roberto , Morales-Ledesma Leticia 
Published: November 2022

In brief
In the proestrus day, the neural and endocrine signals modulate ovarian function. This study shows vagus nerve plays a role in the multisynaptic pathways of communication between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the ovaries where such neural information determines ovulation.

Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates the activity of several peripheral organs through a parasympathetic–sympathetic pathway. Previously, we demonstrated that atropine (ATR) microinjection in the right SCN of rats during proestrus blocks ovulation. In the present study, we analysed whether the vagus nerve is one of the neural pathways by which the SCN regulates ovulation. For this, CIIZ-V strain cyclic rats on the day of proestrus were microinjected with a saline solution (vehicle) or ATR in the right or left SCN, which was followed by ventral laparotomy or ipsilateral vagotomy to the microinjection side. Some animal groups were sacrificed (i) on the same day of the surgery to measure oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels or (ii) at 24 h after surgery to evaluate ovulation. The left vagotomy in rats microinjected with ATR in the left SCN did not modify ovulation. In rats with ATR microinjection in the right SCN, the right vagotomy increased the levels of steroids and LH on the proestrus and ovulatory response. The present results suggest that the right vagus nerve plays a role in the multisynaptic pathways of communication between the SCN and the ovaries and indicate that such neural information participates in the regulation of the oestradiol and progesterone surge, which triggers the preovulatory peak of LH and determines ovulation.
A Prospective Study of Brief Resolved Unexplained Events: Risk Factors for Persistent Symptoms
Authors: Duncan Daniel R. , Liu Enju , Growdon Amanda S. , Larson Kara , Rosen Rachel L. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
The risk of persistent symptoms after a brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) is not known. Our objective was to determine the frequency and risk factors for persistent symptoms after BRUE hospitalizations.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of infants hospitalized with an admitting diagnosis of BRUE. Caregiver-reported symptoms, anxiety levels, and management changes were obtained by questionnaires during the 2-month follow-up period. Clinical data including repeat hospitalizations were obtained from a medical record review. Multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equations were conducted to determine the risk of persistent symptoms.

RESULTS
Of 124 subjects enrolled at 51.6 ± 5.9 days of age, 86% reported symptoms on at least 1 questionnaire after discharge; 65% of patients had choking episodes, 12% had BRUE spells, and 15% required a repeat hospital visit. High anxiety levels were reported by 31% of caregivers. Management changes were common during the follow-up period and included 30% receiving acid suppression and 27% receiving thickened feedings. Only 19% of patients had a videofluoroscopic swallow study while admitted, yet 67% of these studies revealed aspiration/penetration.

CONCLUSIONS
Many infants admitted with BRUE have persistent symptoms and continue to access medical care, suggesting current management strategies insufficiently address persistent symptoms. Future randomized trials will be needed to evaluate the potential efficacy of therapies commonly recommended after BRUE.
Understanding Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in the Ambulatory Care Experience
Authors: Luff Donna , Buscher Sara W. , Ward Valerie L. , Ballal Sonia A. , Holden Paul , Pierre Rachelle , Won Paul , Yu Eun Jin , Toomey Sara L. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Racial and ethnic and socioeconomic differences in patient experience are prevalent and can negatively impact health outcomes. Our objective was to examine differences in family experience of care in the pediatric ambulatory setting.

METHODS
We conducted interviews with parents of patients from different demographic groups who had received care at 1 of 3 clinics at a quaternary children’s hospital. Multidisciplinary team conducted inductive and deductive thematic analysis of transcribed interviews. Sentiments and recurring themes were compared within and between racial and ethnic groups, insurance status, and language.

RESULTS
Eighty parents were interviewed. Three primary themes were identified: (1) mitigation of system issues: parents’ mixed experiences with staff or clinicians mitigating system issues impacted their overall perceptions of care; (2) pivotal role of personal interactions: clinicians’ interactions positively influenced family-clinician relationships and offset negative experiences; (3) effective explanations: clinicians’ clear and thorough explanations were crucial in enhancing parent confidence in care. As an overarching theme, discrimination and disrespect by staff undermined trust in care, affecting all aspects of experience. With the exception of explanations, a higher proportion of publicly-insured parents reported negative experiences across all themes compared to those with private insurance. Asian parents with public insurance had the highest proportion of interviews that were mainly negative in sentiment.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings offer nuanced insights into differences in the experience of ambulatory care. Insurance status emerged as an important marker of differential perceptions of care. Our study points to areas for improvement and highlights family-clinician interactions as vital to overall positive experience.
LC-MS/MS method assay for simultaneous determination of the pretomanid and pyrazinamide in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study
Authors: Huang Tao , Wang Li , Wang Fang , Shen Xin , Wang Libin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present study, an LC-MS/MS method allowing to quantify pretomanid and pyrazinamide simultaneously in rat plasma was developed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm; Agilent, USA) and maintained at 30 °C. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using positive-ion ESI mode to monitor ion transitions of m/z 360.1 → m/z 175.1 for pretomanid, m/z 124.1 → m/z 81.0 for pyrazinamide, m/z 172.1 → m/z 128.1 for metronidazole (IS). The calibration curves showed good linear relationships over the concentration range of 50–7,500 ng mL−1 for pretomanid and 500–75,000 ng mL−1 for pyrazinamide. The precision and accuracy were below 15% and within ±15% of the nominal concentrations, respectively. The selectivity, recovery and matrix effect of this method were all within acceptable limits of bioanalytics. The method was applied to the analysis of plasma samples from pharmacokinetic studies in rats. The results show that the main pharmacokinetic parameters of pyrazinamide, namely, Tmax, t1/2, and AUC(0–t), decreased in the combined group than in the alone group.
Catálogo comentado de las especies de melastomataceae de un bosque húmedo a orillas del río Cauca (Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia)
Authors: Posada H. Juan Mauricio , Sierra Giraldo Julio Andrés , Sanín David , Coca Luis Fernando 
Published: November 2022

En Colombia, Melastomataceae es altamente diversa y juega un importante papel ecológico en sus ecosistemas. Debido a su alta diversidad y la importancia de varias especies en el remanente boscoso conocido como "Los Bosques de La Esmeralda o Bosques del Embalse San Francisco", se realizó el inventario, descripción y clave taxonómica de las especies de Melastomataceae presentes en esta zona. Se registran 12 especies, distribuidas en seis géneros. Los géneros que predominaron fueron Miconia (6) y Clidemia (3). El hábito que predominó fue el arbustivo (50%), seguido por el hábito arbóreo y herbáceo (25% cada uno). El 83% de las especies producen frutos en baya. La mayoría de las especies presentan una amplia distribución, con excepción de Leandra mexicana, la cual se registraba únicamente en los departamentos de Antioquia y Magdalena y ahora en Caldas. Este catálogo servirá para el reconocimiento de las especies de Melastomataceae en la zona, lo cual es la base para el diseño de proyectos de conservación y restauración ecológica de los Bosques del Embalse San Francisco.
Escarabajos copro-necrófagos (SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) en diferentes usos del suelo en la reserva campesina La Montaña (RCM) en el departamento del Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: Rangel Acosta Jorge Luis , Blanco Rodríguez Orlando Ricardo , Martínez Hernández Neis José 
Published: November 2022

Se analizó la variación espacio-temporal de los ensamblajes de escarabajos coprófagos (Scarabaeinae) en diferentes usos del suelo (cultivo, potrero, borde e interior del bosque) en la Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) entre las épocas de lluvias y seca de 2009 y 2010. En cada uso del suelo fue ubicado un transecto lineal, donde se marcaron 10 puntos distanciados 50 m, instalándose en cada uno una trampa de caída cebada con una mezcla de excremento de humano, mono (Alouatta seniculus) y pescado en descomposición. Se capturaron 15.636 individuos, agrupados en 12 géneros y 24 especies, de las cuales las más abundantes fueron Canthonaff. morsei y Uroxys deavilai con 7.292 y 3.465 individuos respectivamente, aportando el 69% de la abundancia capturada para el área de estudio. Los valores más altos de riqueza fueron observados durante las lluvias de 2009 y 2010 en todos los hábitats (14-20 especies) y los más bajos en cultivo y potrero en la época seca (7 especies). Con el análisis no métrico multidimensional (nMDS), se determinó que el fragmento de bosque y el borde forman un grupo homogéneo en cuanto a composición de especies que difiere al cultivo y potrero. Se demuestra que estos dos últimos hábitats mantienen un alto número de especies de Scarabaeinae en periodos de lluvias, aunque en la época seca la riqueza y diversidad se reduce drásticamente, evidenciándose que los escarabajos los utilizan de manera estacional.