bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' responses to children's math performance in early elementary school: Links with parents' math beliefs and children's math adjustment
Authors: Barger Michael M. , Wu Jiawen , Xiong Yu , Oh Dajung D. , Cimpian Andrei , Pomerantz Eva M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new parent‐report measure was used to examine parents' person and process responses to children's math performance. Twice over a year from 2017 to 2020, American parents (N = 546; 80% mothers, 20% other caregivers; 62% white, 21% Black, 17% other) reported their responses and math beliefs; their children's (Mage = 7.48 years; 50% girls, 50% boys) math adjustment was also assessed. Factor analyses indicated parents' person and process responses to children's math success and failure represent four distinct, albeit related, responses. Person (vs. process) responses were less common and less likely to accompany views of math ability as malleable and failure as constructive (|r|s = .16–.23). The more parents used person responses, the poorer children's later math adjustment (|β|s = .06–.16).
Psoriasis of the external auditory canal: prevalence, clinical features and impact on quality of life
Authors: Galache Cristina , Vázquez-Losada Beatriz , Armesto Susana , González-Gay Miguel A. , Vázquez-López Francisco , Santos-Juanes Jorge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Psoriasis of the external auditory canal (PsEAC) is often under-recognized. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of PsEAC, its association with a particular psoriasis subtype and its impact on quality of life (QoL). A prospective study was carried out in two Spanish university hospitals, enrolling consecutive patients who attended a consultation for psoriasis. The clinical features of psoriasis and PsEAC were recorded and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Itch Numerical Rating Scale (Itch-NRS) were distributed to patients. Overall, 188 of 1000 patients (18.8%) included in the study had PsEAC, which was associated with severity of psoriasis, presence of inverse psoriasis and involvement of the scalp, nails and genitals, but not with obesity or psoriatic arthritis. PsEAC was the main reason for consultation in 27 patients, with itching being the main symptom. In this study, PsEAC had a prevalence of 18.8%. The occurrence of PsEAC was associated with poorer QoL, as measured by DLQI and Itch-NRS.
Metformin and testosterone replacement therapy inversely associated with hormone‐associated cancers (prostate, colorectal and male breast cancers) among older White and Black men
Authors: Lopez David S. , Malagaris Ioannis , Polychronopoulou Efstathia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Milani Sadaf A. , Kristen Peek M. , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro , Alzweri Laith , Baillargeon Jacques , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Canfield Steven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe independent and joint association of metformin and testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) with the incidence of prostate, colorectal, and male breast cancers remain poorly understood, including the investigation of the risk of these cancers combined (HRCs, hormone‐associated cancers) among men of different racial and ethnic background.MethodsIn 143,035 men (≥ 65 yrs old) of SEER‐Medicare 2007–2015, we identified White (N = 110,430), Black (N = 13,520) and Other Race (N = 19,085) men diagnosed with incident HRC. Pre‐diagnostic prescription of metformin and TTh was ascertained for this analysis. Weighted multivariable‐adjusted conditional logistic and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted.ResultsWe found independent and joint associations of metformin and TTh with incident prostate (odds ratio [OR]joint = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.54) and colorectal cancers (ORjoint = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34–0.64), but not with male breast cancer. There were also inversed joint associations of metformin and TTh with HRCs (ORjoint = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.38–0.54). Similar reduced associations with HRCs were identified among White, Black, and Other Race men.ConclusionPre‐diagnostic use of metformin and TTh were, independently and jointly, inversely associated with incident prostate and colorectal cancers. The risk of HRCs was also reduced among White, Black and Other Race men. Greatest reduced associations of prostate and colorectal cancers and HRCs were mainly observed in combination of metformin and TTh. Larger studies are needed to confirm the independent and joint association of metformin plus TTh with these cancers in understudied and underserved populations.
Visual Analytics of Contact Tracing Policy Simulations During an Emergency Response
Authors: Sondag M. , Turkay C. , Xu K. , Matthews L. , Mohr S. , Archambault D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpidemiologists use individual‐based models to (a) simulate disease spread over dynamic contact networks and (b) to investigate strategies to control the outbreak. These model simulations generate complex ‘infection maps’ of time‐varying transmission trees and patterns of spread. Conventional statistical analysis of outputs offers only limited interpretation. This paper presents a novel visual analytics approach for the inspection of infection maps along with their associated metadata, developed collaboratively over 16 months in an evolving emergency response situation. We introduce the concept of representative trees that summarize the many components of a time‐varying infection map while preserving the epidemiological characteristics of each individual transmission tree. We also present interactive visualization techniques for the quick assessment of different control policies. Through a series of case studies and a qualitative evaluation by epidemiologists, we demonstrate how our visualizations can help improve the development of epidemiological models and help interpret complex transmission patterns.
An Interactive Approach for Identifying Structure Definitions
Authors: Mikula Natalia , Dörffel Tom , Baum Daniel , Hege Hans‐Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOur ability to grasp and understand complex phenomena is essentially based on recognizing structures and relating these to each other. For example, any meteorological description of a weather condition and explanation of its evolution recurs to meteorological structures, such as convection and circulation structures, cloud fields and rain fronts. All of these are spatiotemporal structures, defined by time‐dependent patterns in the underlying fields. Typically, such a structure is defined by a verbal description that corresponds to the more or less uniform, often somewhat vague mental images of the experts. However, a precise, formal definition of the structures or, more generally, of the concepts is often desirable, e.g., to enable automated data analysis or the development of phenomenological models. Here, we present a systematic approach and an interactive tool to obtain formal definitions of spatiotemporal structures. The tool enables experts to evaluate and compare different structure definitions on the basis of data sets with time‐dependent fields that contain the respective structure. Since structure definitions are typically parameterized, an essential part is to identify parameter ranges that lead to desired structures in all time steps. In addition, it is important to allow a quantitative assessment of the resulting structures simultaneously. We demonstrate the use of the tool by applying it to two meteorological examples: finding structure definitions for vortex cores and center lines of temporarily evolving tropical cyclones.Ideally, structure definitions should be objective and applicable to as many data sets as possible. However, finding such definitions, e.g., for the common atmospheric structures in meteorology, can only be a long‐term goal. The proposed procedure, together with the presented tool, is just a first systematic approach aiming at facilitating this long and arduous way.
Trends & Opportunities in Visualization for Physiology: A Multiscale Overview
Authors: Garrison Laura A. , Kolesar Ivan , Viola Ivan , Hauser Helwig , Bruckner Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCombining elements of biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine, the science of human physiology is complex and multifaceted. In this report, we offer a broad and multiscale perspective on key developments and challenges in visualization for physiology. Our literature search process combined standard methods with a state‐of‐the‐art visual analysis search tool to identify surveys and representative individual approaches for physiology. Our resulting taxonomy sorts literature on two levels. The first level categorizes literature according to organizational complexity and ranges from molecule to organ. A second level identifies any of three high‐level visualization tasks within a given work: exploration, analysis, and communication. The findings of this report may be used by visualization researchers to understand the overarching trends, challenges, and opportunities in visualization for physiology and to provide a foundation for discussion and future research directions in this area.
Peer benchmarking and CEO compensation: An examination of the community structure of the compensation peer network
Authors: Bilgili Tsvetomira V. , Bilgili Hansin , Ellstrand Alan E. , Johnson Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThe increase in executive pay has been attracting attention to the practice of peer benchmarking, which is commonly used to determine CEO compensation. Using a network approach, we construct and analyze the compensation peer network and examine how the structure of the network influences CEO pay.Research Findings/InsightsUsing data on public firms in the period between 2006 and 2020, we find that the peer network exhibits strong community structure and that bridging across communities influences CEO pay. Specifically, CEO pay increases by approximately $10 million as the number of bridging ties increases from 30 to 100, which indicates that obfuscation can result in inflated CEO pay and supports the managerial power perspective.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe empirically distinguish the predicted effect of peer benchmarking on CEO pay as outlined in the market for executive talent and the managerial power perspectives. We show that firms may avoid scrutiny and offer high CEO compensation when they either have a very small number of targeted bridging ties or a very large number of diffused, nontargeted bridging ties in the peer network.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe intent of peer benchmarking was to make CEO compensation practices more transparent, legitimate, and functional; however, our findings indicate that these intentions have not been fully realized and instead benchmarking can be used to inflate CEO pay while avoiding stakeholder scrutiny through obfuscation. These insights provide an opportunity to policy makers to be more effective in encouraging additional transparency and stronger justification for boards' choice of peers.
Autopsy of a telephone‐based peer support intervention: Exploring participants' perspectives of and experiences with a self‐management support model for adults with type 2 diabetes from speciality care settings
Authors: Ashrafi Shadan , Deo Neha , Yip Annie K. W. , Seddigh Sorayya , Moradi Romina , Waraich Roop , Tang Tricia S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore participants' experiences with and perspective of a telephone‐based, peer‐led diabetes self‐management intervention targeting adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from speciality care settings. We also sought to identify areas for improvement for future iterations of the intervention.MethodsThis study recruited 25 adults with T2D from the intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial of a peer support intervention for diabetes. Individuals took part in semi‐structured interviews that explored the following topics: perceived impact of the intervention, relationship with peer leader, desirable characteristics in a peer leader, and suggestions for improving the intervention. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, quality checked, coded, and analysed to develop themes and subthemes.ResultsFour core themes emerged: (1) importance of the ‘participant‐peer leader’ match, (2) peer leader roles and responsibilities, (3) need for flexible support models, and (4) factors affecting intervention implementation and engagement. The quality of the participant‐peer leader relationship appeared to be linked to intervention satisfaction. Beyond demographic features such as age and sex, key characteristics for forming a strong match included stage of life, lifestyle, diabetes‐related factors, and communication style.ConclusionsParticipants have unique ideas about what support should look like and preferences for how support is best delivered. Future models of peer support need to be customizable to individuals' needs and responsive to changes in life circumstances. If participants are the decision makers in the matching process, they may experience greater satisfaction and derive maximal benefits.
Monosynaptic facilitation of flexor digitorum superficialis motoneurons mediated by Group Ia afferents from the extensor carpi radialis in humans
Authors: Nito Mitsuhiro , Yoshimoto Takuya , Hashizume Wataru , Sato Tomomi , Shimada Kazuto , Shindo Masaomi , Naito Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWrist position is known to affect the grip strength. We focused on the spinal reflex arc, which would support the movement, and investigated the effects of low‐threshold afferents from the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) on the excitability of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) motoneurons using the post‐stimulus time‐histogram (PSTH) and electromyogram‐averaging (EMG‐A) methods. Electrical conditioning stimulation of an intensity below the motor threshold was applied to the radial nerve branch innervating the ECR. In the PSTH study, changes in the firing probability of single motor units after electrical conditioning stimulation were investigated in seven subjects. An early and significant peak (increase in the firing probability: facilitation) was recorded for 36/60 FDS motor units. The remaining 24 motor units did not show any effects. Weak mechanical conditioning stimulation of the ECR muscle belly induced a similar peak. The central latency of the facilitation was equivalent to that of the homonymous monosynaptic facilitation. In the EMG‐A study, changes in the rectified and averaged electromyograms of FDS induced by conditioning stimulation were examined in 12 subjects. An early and significant peak (facilitation) was induced by both electrical and mechanical conditioning stimulations. The facilitation decreased after withdrawal of the vibration to the ECR muscle belly. The facilitation was never induced by cutaneous nerve stimulation in the PSTH and EMG‐A studies. These findings suggest that Group Ia afferents from the ECR increase the excitability of FDS motoneurons through a monosynaptic path in the spinal cord. These reflex arcs likely facilitate hand grasping movements.
Biological control needs evolutionary perspectives of ecological interactions
Authors: Sentis Arnaud , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis , Magro Alexandra , Outreman Yannick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile ecological interactions have been identified as determinant for biological control efficiency, the role of evolution remains largely underestimated in biological control programs. With the restrictions on the use of both pesticides and exotic biological control agents (BCAs), the evolutionary optimization of local BCAs becomes central for improving the efficiency and the resilience of biological control. In particular, we need to better account for the natural processes of evolution to fully understand the interactions of pests and BCAs, including in biocontrol strategies integrating human manipulations of evolution (i.e., artificial selection and genetic engineering). In agroecosystems, the evolution of BCAs traits and performance depends on heritable phenotypic variation, trait genetic architecture, selection strength, stochastic processes, and other selective forces. Humans can manipulate these natural processes to increase the likelihood of evolutionary trait improvement, by artificially increasing heritable phenotypic variation, strengthening selection, controlling stochastic processes, or overpassing evolution through genetic engineering. We highlight these facets by reviewing recent studies addressing the importance of natural processes of evolution and human manipulations of these processes in biological control. We then discuss the interactions between the natural processes of evolution occurring in agroecosystems and affecting the artificially improved BCAs after their release. We emphasize that biological control cannot be summarized by interactions between species pairs because pests and biological control agents are entangled in diverse communities and are exposed to a multitude of deterministic and stochastic selective forces that can change rapidly in direction and intensity. We conclude that the combination of different evolutionary approaches can help optimize BCAs to remain efficient under changing environmental conditions and, ultimately, favor agroecosystem sustainability.
A modified dentine infection model with fluorescent lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharides sampling technique to compare XP‐Endo finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation
Authors: Alfirdous Rayyan A. , Alquiria Theeb A. , Jacinto Rogerio C. , Martinho Frederico C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe lipopolysaccharides‐dentine‐infection (LPS‐dentine‐infection) models and sampling techniques frequently used to evaluate LPS disinfection have limitations. In this study, a LPS‐dentine‐infection model was devised using fluorescent conjugate LPS. Secondly, a sampling technique using cryogenic grinding for intraradicular LPS analysis was evaluated. Thirdly, the effectiveness of the XP‐endo Finisher (XP‐EF) was compared with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing LPS from root canal system.MethodologySixty‐nine mandibular premolars were submitted to dentine pretreatment and inoculated with fluorescent LPS conjugate (Alexa Fluor® 594). Twenty‐three teeth were analysed under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to validate this modified LPS‐dentine‐infection model. Forty‐six teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups: XP‐EF (n = 23) and PUI (n = 23). All teeth were instrumented with XP‐endo shaper (XPS; FKG Dentaire) and 2.5% NaOCl. The root canals were sampled with paper points before (s1) and after (s2) instrumentation and after supplemental treatment (s3) with XP‐EF and PUI. After s3, all roots were cryogenically ground for intraradicular LPS analysis (s4). Limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used for LPS quantification. The Friedman test was used for differences in LPS among four time‐points (s1, s2, s3, and s4). Dunn's test was used for pairwise testing of time‐points. The significance level was set at 5% (p < .05).ResultsFluorescent LPS conjugate was detected in 100% of the samples under CLSM with a penetration depth of approximately 400 μm into dentine. Chemo‐mechanical preparation using XPS files significantly reduced LPS levels (p < .05). Both the XPS and PUI improved the LPS disinfection (p < .05), with no difference between them (p > .05). LPS was recovered from all samples after cryogenic grinding. The residual amount of LPS detected using the cryogenically sampling technique at s4 was approximately three times greater than with the paper‐point sampling technique at s3.ConclusionThis study established a modified LPS‐dentine‐infection model using fluorescent conjugate LPS, and validated a LPS sampling technique for using cryopulverization intraradicular LPS analysis. Moreover, both the XP‐EF and PUI further improved LPS disinfection from the root canals, and the innovative XP‐EF was as effective as PUI.
Variabilities in symbiotic nitrogen fixation and carbon isotope discrimination among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes under drought stress
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Charles Y. , Dang Phat , Carter Joshua , Zhao Shuli , Lamb Marshall C. , Chu Ye , Holbrook Corley , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Isleib Thomas G. , Feng Yucheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrought stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) productivity. Peanut response to drought varies depending on genotypic characteristics, crop growth stages, and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress and rehydration on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and carbon isotope discrimination in peanut genotypes with varying drought tolerance. Experiments were conducted for 2 years in rainout shelters under three irrigation regimes: irrigated control, middle‐season drought with rehydration, and late‐season drought with rehydration. Reduction in percentages of shoot N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) occurred under both drought treatments in both years; a greater reduction occurred under middle‐season drought than under late‐season drought. Middle‐season drought negatively affected carbon isotope discrimination in both years, although there were no significant differences under late‐season drought. Variabilities in %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination were found among different genotypes. Under middle‐season drought, both %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination were higher in drought‐tolerant lines than drought‐susceptible lines. The most drought‐tolerant lines had the highest N‐fixing capacity under both drought treatments. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination under both drought treatments. In most genotypes, %Ndfa remained unchanged after rehydration; only a few genotypes showed a slight increase in %Ndfa after rehydration following both drought treatments. Our data suggested that symbiotic nitrogen fixation in many peanut genotypes was negatively affected by drought and may not recover from the damage caused by drought upon rehydration.
Atmospheric and soil water deficit induced changes in chemical and hydraulic signals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Tatar Özgür , Brück Holger , Asch Folkard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant responses to soil drying and the metabolic basis of drought‐induced limitations in stomatal opening are still being discussed. In this study, we investigate the roles of root‐born chemical and hydraulic signals on stomatal regulation in wheat genotypes as affected by soil drought and vapour pressure deficit. Twelve consecutive pot experiments were carried out in a glasshouse. Two bread wheat cultivars (Gönen and Basribey) were subjected to drought under high and low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in a growth chamber. Total dry matter, specific leaf area, xylem ABA content, xylem osmotic potential, xylem pH, root water potential (RWP), stomatal conductance, leaf ABA content and photosynthetic activity were determined daily during 6 days after the onset of treatments (DAT). In the first phase of drought stress, soil drying induced an increase in the xylem ABA with a peak 3 DAT while RWP drastically decreased during the same period. Then the osmotic potential of leaves decreased and leaf ABA content increased 4 DAT. A similar peak was observed for stomatal conductance during the early stress phase, and it became stable and significantly higher than in well‐watered conditions especially in high vapour deficit conditions (H‐VPD). Furthermore, xylem pH and xylem osmotic potential appeared to be mostly associated with atmospheric moisture content than soil water availability. The results are discussed regarding possible drought adaptation of wheat under different atmospheric humidity.