bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional challenges of feeding a mutualist: Testing for a nutrient–toxin tradeoff in fungus‐farming leafcutter ants
Authors: Crumière Antonin J. J. , Mallett Sophie , Michelsen Anders , Rinnan Riikka , Shik Jonathan Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe biochemical heterogeneity of food items often yields tradeoffs as each bite of food tends to contain some nutrients in surplus and others in deficit, as well as other less palatable or even toxic compounds. These multidimensional nutritional challenges are likely to be compounded when foraged foods are used to provision others (e.g., offspring or symbionts) with different physiological needs and tolerances. We explored these challenges in free‐ranging colonies of leafcutter ants that navigate a diverse tropical forest to collect plant fragments they use to provision a co‐evolved fungal cultivar. We tested the prediction that leafcutter farmers face provisioning tradeoffs between the nutritional quality and concentration of toxic tannins in foraged plant fragments. Chemical analyses of plant fragments sampled from the mandibles of Panamanian Atta colombica leafcutter ants provided little support for a nutrient–tannin foraging tradeoff. First, colonies foraged for plant fragments that ranged widely in tannin concentration. Second, high tannin levels did not appear to restrict colonies from selecting plant fragments with blends of protein and carbohydrates that maximized cultivar performance when measured with in vitro experiments. We also tested whether tannins expand the realized nutritional niche selected by leafcutter ants into high‐protein dimensions as: (1) tannins can bind proteins and reduce their accessibility during digestion, and (2) in vitro experiments have shown that excess protein provisioning reduces cultivar performance. Contrary to this hypothesis, the most protein‐rich plant fragments did not have highest tannin levels. More generally, the approach developed here can be used to test how multidimensional interactions between nutrients and toxins shape the costs and benefits of providing care to offspring or symbionts.
Multi Wavelengths Fusion Profiling for Quality Evaluation of Donglingcao Tablets Combined with Electrochemical Oscillation Fingerprints and Antioxidant Activity Analysis
Authors: Shen Tianying , Gong Dandan , Xu Shuting , Wang Jianhui , Sun Guoxiang , Guo Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor a long time, Donglingcao tablets (DLCT) has been considered as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation. The five‐wavelength fusion fingerprints (FWFFP) of 16 batches of DLCT, which avoided fluctuation of single wavelength evaluation, were established to analyze fingerprint similarity by ratio fingerprint quantitative method (RFQM). Furthermore, electrochemical oscillation fingerprints (ECOFP) of DLCT from different manufacturers were studied by Belousov Zhabotinskii (B‐Z) oscillating system at constant temperature. In addition, intrinsic characteristics of DLCT from different manufacturers were determined by chemometric methods, and they can well distinguish samples of each manufacturer. Meanwhile, partial least squares (PLS) model was built to predict antioxidant activity of DLCT and to correlate with components in the fingerprint, which proved significant contribution of peaks 16‐rosmarinic acid and 19‐oridonin. The combination of FWFFP with antioxidant and ECOFP provided a new idea for identification and analysis of DLCT.
Microfluidic platform for studying the anti‐cancer effect of ursolic acid on tumor spheroid
Authors: Chang Shiqi , Wen Jing , Su Yue , Ma Huipeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt present, the probability that a new anti‐tumor drug will eventually succeed in clinical trials is extremely low. In order to make up for this shortcoming, the use of a three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture model for secondary screening is often necessary. Cell spheroid is the easiest 3D model tool for drug screening. In this study, the microfluidic chip with a microwell array was manufactured, which could allow the formation of tumor spheroids with uniform size and easily retrieve cell spheroids from the chip. Cell spheroids were successfully cultured for over 15 days and the survival rate was as high as 80%. Subsequently, cellular response to the ursolic acid (UA) was observed on the chip. Compared to the monolayer culture cells in vitro, the tumor spheroids showed minor levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition fluctuation after drug treatment. The mechanism of cell spheroid resistance to UA was further verified by detecting the expression level of upstream pathway proteins. But the invasive ability of tumor spheroids was attenuated when the duration of action of UA extended. The anti‐cancer effect of UA was innovatively evaluated on breast cancer by using the microfluidic device, which could provide a basis and direction for future preclinical research on UA.
AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for oxidative DNA damage leading to mutations and chromosomal aberrations
Authors: Cho Eunnara , Allemang Ashley , Audebert Marc , Chauhan Vinita , Dertinger Stephen , Hendriks Giel , Luijten Mirjam , Marchetti Francesco , Minocherhomji Sheroy , Pfuhler Stefan , Roberts Daniel J. , Trenz Kristina , Yauk Carole L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) is developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that describe modes of action leading to potentially heritable genomic damage. The goal was to enhance the use of mechanistic information in genotoxicity assessment by building empirical support for the relationships between relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and regulatory endpoints in genetic toxicology. Herein, we present an AOP network that links oxidative DNA damage to two adverse outcomes (AOs): mutations and chromosomal aberrations. We collected empirical evidence from the literature to evaluate the key event relationships between the MIE and the AOs, and assessed the weight of evidence using the modified Bradford‐Hill criteria for causality. Oxidative DNA damage is constantly induced and repaired in cells given the ubiquitous presence of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, xenobiotic exposures may increase damage above baseline levels through a variety of mechanisms and overwhelm DNA repair and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Unrepaired oxidative DNA base damage can lead to base substitutions during replication and, along with repair intermediates, can also cause DNA strand breaks that can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations if not repaired adequately. This AOP network identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled by targeted studies designed to better define the quantitative relationships between key events, which could be leveraged for quantitative chemical safety assessment. We anticipate that this AOP network will provide the building blocks for additional genotoxicity‐associated AOPs and aid in designing novel integrated testing approaches for genotoxicity.
Experimental study of compression ratio variation on diesel engines performance as well as exhaust emission parameters devouring microalgae biodiesel blends
Authors: Kale Bhojraj N. , Patle Sewandas , Kalambe Shilpa R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe diesel engine performance plus exhaust emission attributes are influenced by different strictures. Impact of compression ratio and mixing (blending) proportion of biodiesel in petroleum diesel on diesel engine performance plus exhaust emission has researched in this study. The engine attributes were learned at various compression ratios shifting from 15.5 to 17.5 and utilizing various mixes of microalgae biodiesel with diesel. For benchmarking comparison, the results have been compared to test results found using petroleum diesel as fuel. Obtained experimental results uncover that the engine brake thermal efficiency increments as compression ratio increments for all mixes. The brake specific fuel consumption diminishes with increment of compression ratio for tested fuel mixes. At the point when compression ratio was expanded from 15.5 to 17.5, the HC and CO emissions diminished radically and NOX expanded impressively.
Experimental based comparative exergy analysis of a spark‐ignition Honda GX270 Genset engine fueled with LPG and syngas
Authors: Ganesan Nataraj , Sahoo Bibhuti B. , Ekambaram Porpatham , Elumalai P.V , Samuel Olusegun D. , Enweremadu Christopher C. , Afzal Asif , Saleel C. Ahamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates three different fuels such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and syngas in spark‐ignition Honda GX270 Genset engine under wide‐open throttle position on its performance, combustion characteristic as well as availability analysis. The results showed that when the engine operated with gasoline fuel, the brake thermal efficiency was higher than that of LPG and syngas by 6.2% and 7.4%, respectively, throughout the engine load condition. Brake‐specific fuel consumption of the engine with syngas (660 g/kW h) and LPG fuel (812 g/kW h) was higher than that of the gasoline fuel (510 g/kW h) at the 4.5 kW of engine load. The engine emission results showed syngas operation caused a significant reduction in NOx by 58.4%, CO by 16.5%, HC by 23.2% compared to gasoline fuel at peak load conditions. On the other hand, exergy analysis concludes the exergy efficiency for all the test fuels increases with an increase in engine load due to a high rise in shaft output. At a 4.5 kW power output, the exergy efficiency of the engine was improved to 46.45% from 45.62% and 29.73% with syngas, gasoline, and LPG, respectively. The maximum exhaust gas availability has been observed as 24.51% of availability input for syngas at 100% load condition.
Super‐resolution analyzing spatial organization of lysosomes with an organic fluorescent probe
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Rui , Han Guanqun , Liu Xuan , Huang Taosheng , Diao Jiajie , Sun Yujie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLysosomes are multifunctional organelles involved in macromolecule degradation, nutrient sensing, and autophagy. Live imaging has revealed lysosome subpopulations with dynamics and characteristic cellular localization. An as‐yet unanswered question is whether lysosomes are spatially organized to coordinate and integrate their functions. Combined with super‐resolution microscopy, we designed a small organic fluorescent probe—TPAE—that targeted lysosomes with a large Stokes shift. When we analyzed the spatial organization of lysosomes against mitochondria in different cell lines with this probe, we discovered different distance distribution patterns between lysosomes and mitochondria during increased autophagy flux. By using SLC25A46 mutation fibroblasts derived from patients containing highly fused mitochondria with low oxidative phosphorylation, we concluded that unhealthy mitochondria redistributed the subcellular localization of lysosomes, which implies a strong connection between mitochondria and lysosomes.
Is shooting for fairness always beneficial? The influence of promotion fairness on employees' cognitive and emotional reactions to promotion failure
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Chen Xingwen , Wang Qingjuan , Jiao Changquan , Yang Mengxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPromotions, as a part of organizational incentive and reward systems, can motivate employees to perform well and to increase commitment to their firms. But very little is known about why and when promotion failure influences employees' subsequent responses. Integrating social‐cognitive theory and the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion in justice literature, we investigated the effect of promotion failure on employees' work engagement through cognitive and emotional processes and the moderating effects of perceived promotion fairness. Employing two survey studies (Study 1 and Study 2) and an experimental study (Study 3), we found that: (1) promotion failure was negatively related to self‐efficacy and positively associated with anger; (2) promotion failure was negatively related to work engagement through reduced self‐efficacy and elevated anger; (3) promotion perceived to be fair amplified the negative effect of promotion failure on employee self‐efficacy but mitigated its influence on anger; (4) promotion fairness perception strengthened the indirect negative relationship between promotion failure and work engagement through self‐efficacy but weakened this indirect relationship via anger. Our work contributes to promotion and justice literature and enlightens practitioners about how to manage promotion practice.
Clinical severity of RSV bronchiolitis
Authors: Hussain Faris , Delgado Thompson Margarita , Vick David , West Jack , Edwards Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies comparing the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis to other viruses are inconclusive. Our study aimed to compare the severity of bronchiolitis according to the virus.MethodsData were collected from 1152 infants under one year of age admitted to Children's hospital for Wales, over the winter months of 2014–2020. The cohort was divided based on the virus detected: RSV, RSV with another virus, or other virus. Using t tests and Fisher exact statistical test, the groups were compared based on length of hospital stay, admissions PICU/HDU, intubations, and need of nasogastric (NG) nutritional support.ResultsFifty‐six percent throat swabs were RSV positive, 15% had RSV with another virus, and 29% had only another virus. Children positive for RSV had statistically longer hospital admissions and were more likely to need NG nutrition; however, there was no difference between number of PICU/HDU admissions or intubations. The RSV group and RSV with another virus group had no statistical differences.
Pregnant women follow‐up service, Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Haile Dawit , Eshetie Aguade Aragaw , Zerihun Fetene Moges 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe goal of this study was to demonstrate the effects of factors related with time to developing pre‐eclampsia (PE) among pregnant women follow‐up service at Arerti Primary Hospital.MethodsA survival analysis was employed on a pregnant women's follow‐up service from September 2018 to June 2019 at the Arerti Primary Hospital. A closed‐form sample size formula for estimating the effect of the time‐to‐event data was used. Both the descriptive method and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to compute the research survival data.ResultsUsing the Kaplan–Meier estimation technique, the univariable analysis shows that the survival time median is 7 months and 3 weeks. The graph of Kaplan–Meier estimate of total survival functions indicates a decreasing pattern of survivorship function. We used the Kaplan–Meier estimates to investigate the effects of observed differences among different categories of the factors, we applied the Log‐rank test. The final survival model outcomes weight, marital status, age, history of PE, and multiplicity were related to a substantial hazard of evolving PE.ConclusionOn the basis of our final survival model results, we recommended that all pregnant women having such risk factors should see a health care professional and control their medical condition before and during pregnancy. Advising women about proper body weight in each follow‐up period is supported. Finally, health experts should advise pregnant women about potential risk factors related to PE.
Prospective randomized comparison of effect on coronary endothelial and renal function between febuxostat and benzbromarone in hyperuricemic patients with coronary artery disease: EFEF study
Authors: Nishino Masami , Egami Yasuyuki , Nakamura Hitoshi , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Tanaka Akihiro , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Shutta Ryu , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are two types of serum uric acid‐lowering agents, the xanthine oxidoreductase (XO) inhibitor and non‐XO inhibitor. We investigated whether febuxostat, XO inhibitor, could produce more favorable effects on coronary endothelial function (CEF) and renal function than benzbromarone, non‐XO inhibitor, in hyperuricemic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.MethodsWe divided 21 hyperuricemic patients with stenting for left anterior descending (LAD) or left circumflex (LCX) artery into patients started on febuxostat (F group) and those on benzbromarone (B group). After 8 months, all patients underwent CEF evaluations (acetylcholine provocation test) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for non‐culprit vessels (e.g. if patients received LAD stenting, we evaluated LCX). We compared the diameter ratio induced by acetylcholine and baseline (CEF ratio), thin‐cap fibroatheroma and calcified plaque by OCT, uric acid, oxidative stress biomarkers, and renal function including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between F and B groups. Creatinine 2 days after stenting was measured to evaluate contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN).ResultsChange of eGFR was significantly lower in F group (n= 11) than B group over 8 months while the other parameters including CEF ratio were similar. F group showed favorable effects for CIN.ConclusionIn conclusion, 8‐months of febuxostat, XO inhibitor, does not significantly protect CEF but can protect the renal function including CIN in hyperuricemic patients with CAD compared to benzbromarone, non‐XO inhibitor.
MHD, thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Soret–Dufour mechanism contributions on unsteady motion of Casson fluid over a semi‐infinite porous vertical plate
Authors: Ayegbusi Florence D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examined the contribution of MHD, thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Soret–Dufour mechanism on unsteady motion of Casson non‐Newtonian fluid. The flow model which resulted in partial differential equations (PDES) was transformed into a dimensionless form of PDES using suitable quantities. The contributions of controlling flow parameters were graphically presented for velocity, temperature, and concentration. The quantities of engineering interest were calculated for flow parameters and presented using table. A considerable value of Soret parameter was noticed to elevate the skin friction and Sherwood number. Impact of the magnetic parameter has great impact on the motion of Casson fluid by lowering its motion. This is because as the value of magnetic parameter increases the Lorentz force added more strength and hereby slow down the motion of an electrically conducting fluids. The present outcomes were examined with previously published work and was in conformity with each other.
Renal metastasis of ovarian granulosa cell tumor
Authors: Togashi Kyo , Yoneyama Tohru , Sutoh Yoneyama Mihoko , Yamamoto Hayato , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Futagami Masayuki , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionWe would like to present a rare case of metastatic renal tumor.Case presentationA 60‐year‐old woman presented to our department with a left renal tumor. She underwent a total hysterectomy and right adnexal resection for a stage IA ovarian granulosa cell tumor approximately 15 years ago, followed by left adnexal resection and postoperative chemotherapy with gemcitabine and paclitaxel 6 years ago. She received six courses of gemcitabine and carboplatin to treat a stage IC clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary.The patient was diagnosed with the left renal tumor and underwent a laparoscopic left nephrectomy. Immunostaining was positive for α‐inhibin and SF‐1 and showed FOXL2 402C→G (C134W) mutation. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with renal metastasis of a granulosa cell tumor.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is a very rare case of renal metastasis of a granulosa cell tumor with the FOXL2 mutation in an adult.
Proteomics profiling of nontumor liver tissues identifies prognostic biomarkers in hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Peng , Wen Dong‐Yue , Pang Jin‐Shu , Liao Wei , Chen Yu‐Ji , He Yun , Yang Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs following chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, leading to high recurrence and a low 5‐year survival rate. We developed an overall survival (OS) prediction model based on protein expression profiles in HBV‐infected nontumor liver tissues. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using protein expression profiles in nontumor liver tissues for survival prediction. A univariate Cox and differential expression analysis were performed to identify candidate prognostic factors. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to develop the liver gene prognostic index (LGPI). The survival differences between the different risk groups in the training and validation cohorts were also estimated. A total of 363 patients, 159 in the training cohort, and 204 in the validation cohort were included. Of the 6478 proteins extracted from nontumor liver tissues, we identified 1275 proteins altered between HCC and nontumor liver tissues. A total of 1090 out of 6478 proteins were significantly related to OS. The prognostic values of the proteins in nontumor tissues were mostly positively related to those in the tumor tissues. Protective proteins were mainly enriched in the metabolism‐related pathways. From the differentially expressed proteins, the top 10 most significant prognosis‐related proteins were submitted for LGPI construction. In the training and validation cohorts, this LGPI showed a great ability for distinguishing patients' OS risk stratifications. After adjusting for clinicopathological features, the LGPI was an independent prognostic factor in the training and validation cohorts. We demonstrated the prognostic value of protein expression profiling in nontumor liver tissues. The proposed LGPI was a promising predictive model for estimating OS in HBV‐related HCC.
Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging quantification of gray matter alterations in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Andica Christina , Hagiwara Akifumi , Yokoyama Kazumasa , Kato Shimpei , Uchida Wataru , Nishimura Yuma , Fujita Shohei , Kamagata Koji , Hori Masaaki , Tomizawa Yuji , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, we combined neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) to evaluate the spatial distribution and extent of gray matter (GM) microstructural alterations in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The NODDI (neurite density index [NDI], orientation dispersion index [ODI], and isotropic volume fraction [ISOVF]) and SyMRI (myelin volume fraction [MVF]) measures were compared between age‐ and sex‐matched groups of 30 patients with RRMS (6 males and 24 females; mean age, 51.43 ± 8.02 years), 18 patients with anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive NMOSD (2 males and 16 females; mean age, 52.67 ± 16.07 years), and 19 healthy controls (6 males and 13 females; mean age, 51.47 ± 9.25 years) using GM‐based spatial statistical analysis. Patients with RRMS showed reduced NDI and MVF and increased ODI and ISOVF, predominantly in the limbic and paralimbic regions, when compared with healthy controls, while only increases in ODI and ISOVF were observed when compared with NMOSD. Compared to NDI and MVF, the changes in ODI and ISOVF were observed more widely, including in the cerebellar cortex. These abnormalities were associated with disease progression and disability. In contrast, patients with NMOSD only showed reduced NDI mainly in the cerebellar, limbic, and paralimbic cortices when compared with healthy controls and patients with RRMS. Taken together, our study supports the notion that GM pathologies in RRMS are distinct from those of NMOSD. However, owing to the limitations of the study, the results should be cautiously interpreted.