bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of tropopause sharpness on the structure and strength of the general circulation
Authors: Boljka Lina , Birner Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe wintertime extratropical general circulation may be viewed as being primarily governed by interactions between Rossby waves and the background flow. These Rossby waves propagate vertically and meridionally away from their sources and amplify within the core of the tropopause-level jet, which acts as a waveguide. The strength of this waveguide is in part controlled by tropopause sharpness, which itself is a function of the strength of tropopause inversion layer (TIL), a layer of enhanced static stability just above the tropopause. Here, we report a strong relation between interannual-to-multidecadal variations in the strength of the mid-latitude TIL and features of the general circulation (e.g., jet latitude, strength of the Hadley cell) in a reanalysis and climate models. Similar relationships hold for the variability across climate models. Experiments with a mechanistic model show that a sharper tropopause promotes an intensified general circulation and an equatorward shifted jet.
High-performance junction-free field-effect transistor based on blue phosphorene
Authors: Tyagi Shubham , Rout Paresh C. , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional semiconductors have great potential in high-performance electronic devices. However, the common way of contacting them with metals to inject charge carriers results in contact resistance. We propose a junction-free field-effect transistor consisting of semiconducting monolayer blue phosphorene as channel material (with high carrier mobility) and metallic bilayer blue phosphorene as electrodes. The junction-free design minimizes the contact resistance. Employing first-principles calculations along with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we demonstrate a highIon/Ioffratio of up to 2.6 × 104and a remarkable transconductance of up to 811 μS/μm.
Clonal diversity predicts persistence of SARS-CoV-2 epitope-specific T-cell response
Authors: Zornikova Ksenia V. , Khmelevskaya Alexandra , Sheetikov Savely A. , Kiryukhin Dmitry O. , Shcherbakova Olga V. , Titov Aleksei , Zvyagin Ivan V. , Efimov Grigory A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractT cells play a pivotal role in reducing disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection and formation of long-term immune memory. We studied 50 COVID-19 convalescent patients and found that T cell response was induced more frequently and persisted longer than circulating antibodies. We identified 756 clonotypes specific to nine CD8+ T cell epitopes. Some epitopes were recognized by highly similar public clonotypes. Receptors for other epitopes were extremely diverse, suggesting alternative modes of recognition. We tracked persistence of epitope-specific response and individual clonotypes for a median of eight months after infection. The number of recognized epitopes per patient and quantity of epitope-specific clonotypes decreased over time, but the studied epitopes were characterized by uneven decline in the number of specific T cells. Epitopes with more clonally diverse TCR repertoires induced more pronounced and durable responses. In contrast, the abundance of specific clonotypes in peripheral circulation had no influence on their persistence.
Crystal structure of Leishmania donovani glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals a unique N-terminal domain
Authors: Berneburg Isabell , Rahlfs Stefan , Becker Katja , Fritz-Wolf Karin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince unicellular parasites highly depend on NADPH as a source for reducing equivalents, the pentose phosphate pathway, especially the first and rate-limiting NADPH-producing enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), is considered an excellent antitrypanosomatid drug target. Here we present the crystal structure of Leishmania donovani G6PD (LdG6PD) elucidating the unique N-terminal domain of Kinetoplastida G6PDs. Our investigations on the function of the N-domain suggest its involvement in the formation of a tetramer that is completely different from related Trypanosoma G6PDs. Structural and functional investigations further provide interesting insights into the binding mode of LdG6PD, following an ordered mechanism, which is confirmed by a G6P-induced domain shift and rotation of the helical N-domain. Taken together, these insights into LdG6PD contribute to the understanding of G6PDs’ molecular mechanisms and provide an excellent basis for further drug discovery approaches.
Establishment of a salt-induced bioremediation platform from marine Vibrio natriegens
Authors: Huang Ling , Ni Jun , Zhong Chao , Xu Ping , Dai Junbiao , Tang Hongzhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIndustrial wastewater discharge, agricultural production, marine shipping, oil extraction, and other activities have caused serious marine pollution, including microplastics, petroleum and its products, heavy metals, pesticides, and other organics. Efficiency of bioremediation of marine pollutions may be limited by high salt concentrations (>1%, w/v), which can cause an apparent loss of microbial activities. In this study, functional promoters P1, P2-1, and P2-2 censoring salt stress were isolated and identified from a Vibrio natriegens strain Vmax. Three salt-induced degradation models were constructed to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorpyrifos (CP), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) using the marine strain Vmax. The engineered strains are efficient for degradation of the corresponding substrates, with the degradation rates at 15 mg/L PET in 8 d, 50 mg/L CP in 24 h, and 1 mg/L HBCDs in 4 h, respectively. In addition, an immobilization strategy for recycling and reusing of engineered strains was realized by expressing the chitin-binding protein GbpA. This study may help answer the usage of rapidly growing marine bacteria such as V. natriegens Vmax to degrade marine pollution efficiently.
End-to-end modeling of fuel injection via static coupling of internal flow and ensuing spray
Authors: Torelli Roberto , Pei Yuanjiang , Zhang Yu , Som Sibendu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate knowledge of fuel spray behavior is of utmost importance for liquid-fuel-based combustion systems. Fuel properties, injector geometry, operating conditions, and thermal state of the combustion chamber determine the fuel’s ability to mix and burn efficiently. Three-dimensional computational-fluid-dynamics models can reveal the complex dynamics of the injector’s internal flow, as well as the spray breakup, evaporation, mixing, and combustion. However, time and length scales of in-nozzle flow and ensuing spray can differ by several orders of magnitude, limiting the feasibility of a simultaneous solution of the entire chain of physics. This work explores an end-to-end approach to decouple the problem at the injector outlet via a static-coupling framework. Flowfields are sampled at the injector exit, stored into spatiotemporally resolved maps, and used to initialize a Lagrangian spray whose properties reflect the flow’s instantaneous state as predicted by the in-nozzle flow simulations. Comparisons against typical rate-of-injection results and qualitative validation against optical spray data highlighted the ability of static coupling to unveil spray physics that would otherwise be missed.
Extended High-Frequency Audiometry for Ototoxicity Monitoring: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Stevenson Lucia Jane , Biagio-de Jager Leigh , Graham Marien Alet , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe extended high-frequency (EHF) pure-tone audiometry monitoring of ototoxicity in a longitudinal treatment program for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB).

Method:

This was a retrospective record review of longitudinal conventional (0.25–8 kHz) and EHF (9–16 kHz) audiometry for ototoxicity monitoring of DRTB patients undergoing treatment at community-based clinics between 2013 and 2017. Data from 69 patients with an average age of 37.9 years (
SD
= 11.2, range: 16.0–63.8 years) were included. Patients were assessed by primary health care audiologists (87%) or community health workers (13%) using portable audiological equipment. The average length of time between initial and exit assessments was 84.6 days (
SD
= 74.2, range: 2–335 days).

Results:

EHF ototoxicity of a mild or greater degree of hearing loss (> 25 dB HL in one or both ears across frequencies) was evident in 85.5% of patients' posttreatment, compared with 47.8% of patients across conventional frequencies. EHF audiometry demonstrated an ototoxic shift (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria) in 56.5% of cases compared with 31.9% when only conventional audiometry was considered. Mean hearing deterioration for patients was significant across EHFs (9–16 kHz) bilaterally (
p
< .05). Absent EHF thresholds at the initial assessment, owing to maximum output limits, was a limitation that occurred most frequently at 16 kHz (17.4%, 24/138).

Conclusions:
EHF audiometry is most sensitive for the early detection of ototoxicity and should be included in monitoring programs. Clinical ototoxicity monitoring protocols should consider shortened assessment approaches that target frequencies most sensitive to ototoxicity, including EHFs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21651242
Understanding the role of morphology and environment in the dynamical evolution of isolated galaxy triplets
Authors: Vásquez-Bustos P. , Argudo-Fernandez M. , Grajales-Medina D. , Duarte Puertas S. , Verley S. 
Published: December 2022

Context. The environments where galaxies reside affects their evolutionary histories. Galaxy triplets (systems composed of three physically bound galaxies) are one of simplest groups of galaxies, and are therefore excellent laboratories to study evolutionary mechanisms where effects of the environment are minimal.
Aims. We present a statistical study of the dynamical properties of isolated galaxy triplets as a function of their local and large-scale environments. To explore the connection of the dynamical evolution on the systems with the evolution of the galaxies composing the triplets, we consider observational properties such as morphology and star formation rate (SFR).
Methods. We used the SDSS-based catalogue of Isolated Triplets (SIT), which contains 315 triplets. We classified each triplet according to galaxy morphologies and defined a parameter Qtrip to quantify the total local tidal strengths in the systems. To quantify the dynamical stage of the system we used the parameters of harmonic radius RH, velocity dispersion σvr, crossing time H0tc, and virial mass Mvir.
Results. Triplets composed of three early-type galaxies present the smallest RH, indicating that they are in general more compact than triplets with one or more late-type galaxies. Among triplets with low values of RH and H0tc, SIT triplets with Qtrip < −2 are relaxed systems that are more dynamically evolved, while triplets with Qtrip > −2 show compact configurations due to interactions within the system, such as ongoing mergers.
Conclusions. We found that there is no dominant galaxy in triplets in terms of properties of stellar populations such as global colour and SFR. Moreover, the global SFR in isolated triplets composed of two or more early-type galaxies increases with the stellar mass ratio of the galaxies with respect to the central galaxy, therefore the system is globally ‘rejuvenated’.
Selektive Stimulation der verschiedenen Fotorezeptorklassen mittels Silent Substitution bei psychophysischen und elektroretinografischen Messungen
Authors: Huchzermeyer Cord , Kremers Jan 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungMittels der sog. Silent-Substitution-Technik können fotorezeptorselektive Reize für psychophysische und elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen erzeugt werden. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Methoden
versucht Silent Substitution nicht, die selektiv zu reizende Fotorezeptorklasse empfindlicher zu machen als die anderen, sondern es wird versucht, den Stimulus für die anderen
Fotorezeptorklassen „unsichtbar“ zu machen. Da die Selektivität hierbei auch unabhängig vom Adaptationszustand ist, können verschiedene Fotorezeptorklassen unter identischen Bedingungen
verglichen werden. Die Grundlagen dieser Technik werden hier erklärt. Außerdem wird darauf eingegangen, welchen Einfluss die postrezeptorale Verarbeitung auf die Wahrnehmung von
fotorezeptorselektiven Reizen hat. Obwohl die Technik derzeit spezialisierten sinnesphysiologischen Laboren vorbehalten ist, hat sie ein großes Potenzial zur klinischen Anwendung.
Implementation and Use of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies Programs in Practice: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Tajchman Sharla , Lawler Brooke , Spence Nathan , Haque Saira , Quintana Yuri , Ateya Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) programs intend to improve medication safety but can add significant administrative burdens to providers and health systems. Various stakeholders have made efforts to use technology to improve REMS programs.
Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to describe studies evaluating workflows, automation, or electronic data exchange related to REMS programs.
Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for articles published between January 2007 and July 2021. Studies were identified using the relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and related keywords. Articles must have described a workflow change and measured the impact of the workflow change.
Results Of 299 citations initially identified, 7 were included in the final review after removing duplicates and articles not meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Included studies consisted of three manuscripts and four conference abstracts. Electronic health record interventions, such as customized order sets and clinical decision support alerts, were the most common strategy reported. Other strategies included developing a portal to verify REMS enrollment, requiring prescribers to contact the dispensing pharmacy, provider education, and restrictions based on the provider specialty. One study evaluated automated data exchange for REMS program processes in a mock environment. Although only three studies reported baseline metrics for comparison, all studies noted an improvement or benefit to the implemented workflow process changes.
Conclusion There is limited evidence describing REMS workflows, automation, and electronic data exchange. Various strategies to address REMS program requirements were reported, but no studies described the use of data exchange standards in a real-world setting despite efforts by the Food and Drug Administration and other stakeholders. Additional efforts are needed to automate REMS programs.
Internet postings and investor herd behavior: evidence from China’s open-end fund market
Authors: Zhou Shifen , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe popularity of social media facilitates the dissemination of private information, which has significant implications for investors’ behavior and market efficiency. This paper examines the dynamic dependence between internet postings and herd behavior in China’s open-end fund market by applying the DCC-GARCH and TVP-SV-VAR models. The results show that the relationship between internet postings and herd behavior is time-varying and asymmetric. Specifically, internet postings have a negative effect on herd behavior, and the effect is more pronounced in the short term. Additionally, herd behavior will increase postings and further weaken the herding effect through the internet postings channel. Our results also show that the increase and decrease of postings have asymmetric effects on herd behavior, and the increase of postings has a greater effect on herd behavior.
Ku-band multichannel frequency comb Doppler reflectometer on the GAMMA 10/potential control and divertor simulating experiment (PDX) tandem mirror
Authors: Kohagura J. , Tokuzawa T. , Yoshikawa M. , Shima Y. , Nakanishi H. , Nakashima Y. , Sakamoto M. , Katoh H. 
Published: December 2022

A Ku-band (12–18 GHz) multichannel Doppler reflectometer (DR) has been developed in the GAMMA 10/potential control and divertor simulating experiment (PDX) tandem mirror device to improve the applicability of DR measurement for simultaneous monitoring of velocity of electron density turbulence at different locations. Our previous single-channel DR circuit has been replaced by the multichannel microwave system using a nonlinear transmission line based comb generator with heterodyne technique. The multichannel DR system has been installed in the central cell of GAMMA 10/PDX. Initial results of application to GAMMA 10/PDX plasma are presented, showing Doppler frequency shifts during an additional ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating and gas-puffing experiment.
Cross-section continuity of definitions of angular momentum
Authors: Chen Po-Ning , Paraizo Daniel E , Wald Robert M , Wang Mu-Tao , Wang Ye-Kai , Yau Shing-Tung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We introduce a notion of ‘cross-section continuity’ as a criterion for the viability of definitions of angular momentum, J, at null infinity: If a sequence of cross-sections,

, of null infinity converges uniformly to a cross-section

, then the angular momentum, J

n
, on

should converge to the angular momentum, J, on

. The Dray–Streubel (DS) definition of angular momentum automatically satisfies this criterion by virtue of the existence of a well defined flux associated with this definition. However, we show that the one-parameter modification of the DS definition proposed by Compere and Nichols—which encompasses numerous other alternative definitions—does not satisfy cross-section continuity. On the other hand, we prove that the Chen–Wang–Yau definition does satisfy the cross-section continuity criterion.
XUV ionization of the H2 molecule studied with attosecond angular streaking
Authors: Serov Vladislav V , Kheifets Anatoli S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study orientation and two-center interference effects in attosecond time-resolved photoionization of the H2 molecule. Time resolution of extreme-ultraviolet ionization of H2 is gained through the phase retrieval capability of attosecond angular streaking demonstrated earlier by Kheifets et al (2022 Phys. Rev. A 106 033106). Once applied to H2, this technique delivers an anisotropic phase and time delay which both depend sensitively on the molecular axis orientation. In addition, the photoelectron momentum distribution displays a very clear two-center interference pattern. When the interference formula of Walter and Briggs (1999 J. Phys. B 32 2487) is applied, an effective photoelectron momentum appears to be greater than the asymptotic momentum at the detector. This effect is explained by a molecular potential well surrounding the photoemission center.
Increase output of vibration energy harvester by a different piezoelectric mode and branch structure design
Authors: Qin Weiyang , Liu Qi , Wang Yuansheng , Xie Zhongliang , Zhou Zhiyong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we improve the performance of vibration energy harvesting by adopting a different working mode of piezoelectric material. We propose a harvester that is composed of an inverted beam and a branch structure. The branch can produce an amplified inertial force under vibration and passes it to a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sheet. The resultant force acts on the PZT sheet as a dynamic normal force, not as a dynamic flexural one in the classical harvester. This change can increase the output significantly. First, the theoretical model is established and solved. The results show that the design can induce a super-harmonic vibration and produce a large output. Then, the validation experiments are carried out. The experimental results prove the occurrence of super-harmonic vibration and show that under weak stochastic excitation the branch structure can promote the electric output significantly. For a stochastic excitation of PSD = 0.06 g2 Hz−1, the average power of the novel harvester can reach 0.344 mW by a small PZT sheet with the dimensions of

24
×
6
×
0.2

m

m

3

. This study may provide a novel scheme in improving the vibration energy harvesting efficiency.
Mean model of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator including photoionization
Authors: Shaygani Afshin , Adamiak Kazimierz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A numerical algorithm is proposed for simulation of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators including photo-ionization. The computational bottleneck related to a very long computing time has been circumvented by suppressing the discharge pulses and proposing a mean discharge model. It incorporates an artificial damping term into the electron transport equation to suppress the formation of pulses, which significantly accelerates the simulation. Based on the fluid description of three generic species: electrons, positive and negative ions, the model accounts for the drift, diffusion, and reaction terms. The reaction coefficients are extracted from the Boltzmann equation considering the local field approximation. A self-sustained discharge is achieved by including photo-ionization during the positive voltage phase, and the secondary electron emission from the metal surface, during the negative voltage phase. The proposed methodology compromises the computational burdens of the first-principle approaches and inadequacy of the simplistic models in incorporating the problem physics. The accuracy of the proposed methodology has been validated by comparing the computational and experimental data for the electrical and flow characteristics of a laboratory actuator.
Multifunctional acoustic metamaterial for air ventilation, broadband sound insulation and switchable transmission
Authors: Xiao Zhenqian , Gao Penglin , He Xiao , Qu Yegao , Wu Linzhi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Noise reduction and other manipulation of sound waves has been a major concern in science and engineering. Here, we propose a ventilated soundproof acoustic metamaterial consisting of resonant cavities arranged around a central air passage. This metamaterial can accomplish strong sound insulation performance. The transmission loss is larger than 30 dB within a wide frequency range (625–1695 Hz) due to the prohibited band. More intriguingly, we discover that rotating the opening, somewhat like an acoustic switch, can directly control the sound transmission of the deaf band. This is particularly useful for opening a narrow but high transmission window at the frequency of interest, which provides a new degree of freedom for sound control. Through band structure analysis and effective parameter calculation, we discover the sound insulation mechanism of the ventilated metamaterial and reveal the underlying mechanism of the switchable narrow-band sound transmission. Beyond the 1D study, the proposed acoustic metamaterial is expanded to a 3D soundproof metacage. We find that the sound insulation performance and switchable sound transmission phenomena are still retained for the metacage. The results reported here may inspire more exploration of sound barriers and multifunctional applications, such as innovative building facades for noise reduction and logic components for acoustic circuits.