bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CTNNAL1 participates in the regulation of mucus overproduction in HDM‐induced asthma mouse model through the YAP‐ROCK2 pathway
Authors: Wu Di , Jiang Wang , Liu Caixia , Liu Lexin , Li Furong , Ma Xiaodi , Pan Lang , Liu Chi , Qu Xiangping , Liu Huijun , Qin Xiaoqun , Xiang Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOur previous study indicated that adhesion molecule catenin alpha‐like 1(CTNNAL1) is downregulated in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients and asthma animal model but little is known about how the CTNNAL1 affects asthma pathogenesis. To reveal the direct relationship between asthma and CTNNAL1, CTNNAL1‐deficient mouse model in bronchopulmonary tissue was constructed by introducing CTNNAL1‐siRNA sequence using adeno‐associated virus (AAV) as vector. The mouse model of asthma was established by stimulation of house dust mite (HDM). After HDM‐challenged, there was marked airway inflammation, especially mucus hypersecretion in the CTNNAL1‐deficient mice. In addition, the CTNNAL1‐deficient mice exhibited an increase of lung IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels, as well as a significant increase of goblet cell hyperplasia and MUC5AC after HDM exposure. The expression of Yes‐associated protein (YAP), protein that interacted with α‐catenin, was downregulated after CTNNAL1 silencing and was upregulated due to its overexpression. In addition, the interaction between CTNNAL1 and YAP was confirmed by CO‐IP. Besides, inhibition of YAP could decrease the secretion of MUC5AC, IL‐4 and IL‐13 in CTNNAL1‐deficient 16HBE14o‐cells. Above results indicated us that CTNNAL1 regulated mucus hypersecretion through YAP pathway. In addition, the expression of ROCK2 increased when CTNNAL1 was silenced and decreased after YAP silencing, and inhibition of YAP decreased the expression of ROCK2 in CTNNAL1‐deficient HBE cells. Inhibition of ROCK2 decreased MUC5AC expression and IL‐13 secretion. In all, our study demonstrates that CTNNAL1 plays an important role in HDM‐induced asthma, mediating mucus secretion through the YAP‐ROCK2 pathway.
Assessing the presence and spread of Renibacterium salmoninarum between farmed and wild fish in Sweden
Authors: Persson B. David , Aspán Anna , Hysing Paulina , Blomkvist Eva , Jansson Eva , Orsén Ludvig , Hällbom Hampus , Axén Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBacterial kidney disease (BKD) can be a devastating bacterial infection in salmonids, and it is present in aquaculture throughout the world. BKD is caused by the Gram‐positive facultative intracellular bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum (R. salmoninarum) that is spread both horizontally and vertically. Disease signs include external ulcerations and blisters and internal signs such as organ swelling, granulomas, petechiae and ascites. In Sweden, BKD accounts for a significant income loss in aquacultures due to expensive decontamination of the facility and increased disease susceptibility for the immunocompromised fish leading to higher mortality rates. In addition, uncontrolled spread in aquaculture may threaten the survival of wild fish populations. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of R. salmoninarum in wild salmonids caught in Swedish waters where net pen farms with a recent history of BKD are present. Four rivers with at least one BKD‐positive or recently BKD‐positive farm were selected. In addition, we evaluated the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for surveillance and monitoring of ongoing infections at these locations. In total, 1058 fish were sampled from four different river systems, and of them 52 (4.9%) were positive for R. salmoninarum by antigen ELISA. Surprisingly, these fish were not evenly distributed between the four river systems, but 50 were caught in the same river (Ljungan). This accounts for an alarmingly high rate of 17% R. salmoninarum‐positive samples in wild salmonids in this area. This number is far above what was expected and clearly shows the risk with an open farming system as well as the importance of effective health monitoring programmes to avoid an uncontrolled spread of the disease. The use of eDNA for monitoring BKD is somewhat difficult to evaluate. Few of the water samples analysed were PCR positive for R. salmoninarum (2 of 38) and those were collected where no ELISA positive fish were identified. In addition to water, sediment samples were collected under a net pen farm that had recently slaughtered all fish due to ongoing R. salmoninarum infections. Sediment samples are more promising than water as 4 of 5 samples at one farming facility where positive for R. salmoninarum. Thus, sediment samples may be valuable for monitoring potential ongoing BKD in farms, without the need to sacrifice valuable fish.
Probiotic use in adults with cystic fibrosis is common and influenced by gastrointestinal health needs: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Anderson Jacqueline L. , Tierney Audrey C. , Miles Caitlin , Kotsimbos Tom , King Susannah J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) primarily affects the lung, however, gastrointestinal disorders and symptoms, including dysbiosis, also impact on morbidity and quality of life. There is interest in strategies to modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota, including probiotics, although the evidence remains inadequate to guide practice, and information on use is limited. The present study aimed to characterise probiotic use, beliefs and experiences of adults with CF.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted in adults with CF (n = 205) and a general population Control group (n = 158), recruited from Victoria, Australia. Participants were classified as probiotic ‘Ever Users’ or ‘Never Users’. Outcomes included self‐reported probiotic use and factors associated with probiotic use, which were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Open‐ended questionnaire responses were thematically analysed.ResultsIn total, 70% of adults with CF had ever used probiotics (supplements and/or foods), comparable to Controls (80%) (p = 0.03). Key reasons for CF probiotic use were gastrointestinal‐ and antibiotic‐related (75%). Most CF Ever Users (73%) did not discuss probiotic use with CF clinicians and 33% were uncertain if probiotics had been helpful. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–5.87; p = 0.005), university‐level education (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.24–6.01; p = 0.01) and bloating on antibiotics (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.04–4.40; p = 0.04) were independently associated with probiotic use in CF; as was female gender in Controls (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.20–6.71; p = 0.02).ConclusionsProbiotics were used by adults with CF for gastrointestinal‐ and antibiotic‐related reasons often without informing clinicians and despite uncertainty about perceived helpfulness. Further research investigating gastrointestinal outcomes of probiotics will inform practice recommendations guiding their use in CF and other chronic diseases.
Secular Stagnation and Low Interest Rates under the Fear of a Government Debt Crisis
Authors: KOBAYASHI KEIICHIRO , UEDA KOZO 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explain the driving forces behind the secular stagnation associated with a persistent decrease in interest rates by employing a model that incorporates a crisis risk triggered by government debt accumulation. The model shows that fear of large‐scale capital taxation and capital misallocation in future debt crises accounts for almost half the economic slowdown in Japan over the past two decades. Over the same period, the government bond yield declines, because a decrease in the expected returns on capital makes investing in government bonds more attractive than investing in capital.
A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor‐based approach to eliminate microglia and retain astrocyte properties in glial cell culture
Authors: He Xi‐Biao , Wu Yi , Huang Haozhi , Guo Fang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe close association between astrocytes and microglia causes great difficulties to distinguish their individual roles in innate immune responses in central nervous system. Current chemical‐based methods to eliminate microglia in glial cell culture introduce various molecular and functional alterations to astrocytes. Here, we describe a novel two‐step approach to achieve a complete elimination of microglia without affecting the biological properties of co‐cultured astrocytes by temporal treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). We verify TSA as a potent inducer for microglial‐specific apoptotic cell death, which also causes comprehensive gene expression changes in astrocytes. However, withdrawal of TSA not only ensures no microglia repopulation, but also restores all the gene expression changes in terms of astrocyte functions, including neurotrophic factors, glutamate and potassium transporters, and reactive astrocyte subtypes. By contrast, withdrawal of PLX5622, the commonly used colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor neither prevents microglia repopulation nor restores the gene expression changes mentioned above. Using this method, we are able to discriminate differential roles of microglia and astrocytes in the induced expression of antiviral and pro‐inflammatory cytokines upon various pathological stimuli including the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. This simple and efficient method can be customized for the understanding of microglia‐astrocyte interaction and the development of epigenetic therapies that target over‐activated microglia in neuroinflammation‐related diseases.
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Rosacea, poor sleep quality, and obstructive sleep apnea: A commentary on potential interconnected features
Authors: Xerfan Ellen M. S. , Andersen Monica L. , Facina Anamaria S. , Tufik Sergio , Tomimori Jane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough rosacea is classically considered a skin disorder, recent evidence shows that it is emerging as a systemic disease. The classical symptoms of burning, intense erythema, and flushing could be related to several systemic and metabolic comorbidities. We highlight the role of sleep disturbance as a possible trigger for rosacea, which could be explained by the inflammatory and stressful conditions that can be produced by poor sleep. In particular, we call attention to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common multisystemic sleep disorder; it could be linked with rosacea in the context of the metabolic syndrome, which in turn is frequently associated with OSA. Obstructive sleep apnea may be accompanied by autonomic system activation and catecholamine release, which can aggravate rosacea. Poor sleep, resulting from any underlying cause, can have a range of effects including immunological modulation and intrinsic cutaneous changes (such as the impairment of skin barrier defense and modifications in the skin microbiome) that may trigger rosacea. Further studies on this subject could provide more evidence on these relationships and help to improve the patients' quality of life and management of this uncomfortable and potentially severe skin condition.
Nurses’ perceptions of their role in antimicrobial stewardship within the hospital environment. An integrative literature review
Authors: Davey Kirsty , Aveyard Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has traditionally been the domain of doctors and pharmacists but there is a growing recognition that successful stewardship incorporates a multidisciplinary approach that includes nursing staff. This literature review explores nurses’ perceptions of their role in antimicrobial stewardship within the hospital environment and provides new insights to inform future practice.MethodologyAn integrative literature review was undertaken. Five academic databases were searched, which identified six relevant studies. Whittemore and Knafl's method for conducting an integrative review was followed. ENTREQ guidelines have been adhered to.FindingsTwo themes were identified: nurses’ working in partnership with other professionals and engagement in education.DiscussionAntimicrobial stewardship illustrates the role of the nurse within the wider multidisciplinary team regarding wider patient safety issues and the need for education to enhance this role.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses have a clear role to play in antimicrobial stewardship but need to be fully cognisant of the issues involved. Further clarity on how nurses should enact this role in their complex working environments is required. It is essential that both student and qualified nurses are able to speak up in order to maximise patient safety, fulfil their professional duty and promote the overall effectiveness of AMS if they witness poor antibiotic management practices.
O Magnum Mysterium? Eco-theology at the foot of the Cross
Authors: Tyler Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Laudato Si’, Pope Francis urges not just a renewal of respect for creation but also a metanoia in our attitude to the created world. This article is a response to the Pontiff's challenge, exploring how a distinctively ‘modern’ approach to creation arose in the late nineteenth century which still influences our attitudes today. As those attitudes arose, however, the article argues that Christian thinkers were able to articulate other approaches, which are referred to as ‘doing eco-theology at the foot of the Cross’. The article explores these views and their implications in shaping a Christian response to the present ecological crisis within which we find ourselves. In particular, it concentrates on the interpretations of ‘nature’ in the writings of the German atheist philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) and his exact English Jesuit contemporary Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–1889) who were bothworking at the dawn of the ‘modern’ view of ‘nature’ and creation.
Transubstantiation and the Eucharist: Herbert McCabe vs G. Egner
Authors: Mulhall Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article discusses and critically evaluates the dispute between Herbert McCabe and his pseudonymous interlocutor G. Egner with respect to the doctrine of transubstantiation. The aim is to treat their views of that doctrine as exemplary of the difference made by what might be called a ‘Grammatical Thomist’ approach to our view of the nature of the sacrament of the Eucharist, of sacraments in general, and of theology's propensity to violate the rules of sense that are constitutive of ordinary language and of philosophical systems alike, in order properly to establish and maintain a believer's relation to God. Particular attention is paid to the way McCabe's account at once taps into unacknowledged aspects of Wittgenstein's vision of what it is to be human and violates what are usually regarded as the enabling conditions of that vision's articulation.
Rice extra‐large G proteins play pivotal roles in controlling disease resistance and yield‐related traits
Authors: Zhao Yan , Shi Yiyun , Jiang Guanghuai , Wu Yufeng , Ma Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liang Xiangxiu , Zhou Jian‐Min 
Published: January 2022

Summary

To better explore the potential of rice extra‐large G (XLG) proteins in future breeding, we characterised the function of OsXLG1, OsXLG2 and OsXLG3 in disease resistance. Loss‐of‐function Osxlg2 and Osxlg3 mutants showed reduced resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas Osxlg1 mutants were specifically compromised in resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae.

Consistent with their effects on rice blast resistance, mutations in OsXLG2 and OsXLG3 caused greater defects than did mutations in OsXLG1 for chitin‐induced defence responses. All three OsXLGs interacted with components of a surface immune receptor complex composed of OsCERK1, OsRLCK176 and OsRLCK185.

Further characterisation of yield‐related traits showed that the Osxlg3 mutants displayed reduced plant height, panicle length and 1000grain weight, whereas Osxlg1 mutants exhibited increased plant height, panicle length and 1000‐grain weight.

Together the study shows the differential contributions of the three OsXLG proteins to disease resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens, their yield‐related traits and provides insights for future improvement of rice production.
Uncrewed aircraft system spherical photography for the vertical characterization of canopy structural traits
Authors: Ribas Costa Vicent Agustí , Durand Maxime , Robson T. Matthew , Porcar‐Castell Albert , Korpela Ilkka , Atherton Jon 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe plant area index (PAI) is a structural trait that succinctly parametrizes the foliage distribution of a canopy and is usually estimated using indirect optical techniques such as digital hemispherical photography. Critically, on‐the‐ground photographic measurements forgo the vertical variation of canopy structure which regulates the local light environment. Hence new approaches are sought for vertical sampling of traits.We present an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) spherical photographic method to obtain structural traits throughout the depth of tree canopies. Our method explained 89% of the variation in PAI when compared with ground‐based hemispherical photography.When comparing UAS vertical trait profiles with airborne laser scanning data, we found highest agreement in an open birch (Betula pendula/pubescens) canopy. Minor disagreement was found in dense spruce (Picea abies) stands, especially in the lower canopy.Our new method enables easy estimation of the vertical dimension of canopy structural traits in previously inaccessible spaces. The method is affordable and safe and therefore readily usable by plant scientists.
Impaired photoprotection in Phaeodactylum tricornutum KEA3 mutants reveals the proton regulatory circuit of diatoms light acclimation
Authors: Seydoux Claire , Storti Mattia , Giovagnetti Vasco , Matuszyńska Anna , Guglielmino Erika , Zhao Xue , Giustini Cécile , Pan Yufang , Blommaert Lander , Angulo Jhoanell , Ruban Alexander V. , Hu Hanhua , Bailleul Benjamin , Courtois Florence , Allorent Guillaume , Finazzi Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Diatoms are successful phytoplankton clades able to acclimate to changing environmental conditions, including e.g. variable light intensity. Diatoms are outstanding at dissipating light energy exceeding the maximum photosynthetic electron transfer (PET) capacity via the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) process. While the molecular effectors of NPQ as well as the involvement of the proton motive force (PMF) in its regulation are known, the regulators of the PET/PMF relationship remain unidentified in diatoms.

We generated mutants of the H+/K+ antiporter KEA3 in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Loss of KEA3 activity affects the PET/PMF coupling and NPQ responses at the onset of illumination, during transients and in steady‐state conditions. Thus, this antiporter is a main regulator of the PET/PMF coupling. Consistent with this conclusion, a parsimonious model including only two free components, KEA3 and the diadinoxanthin de‐epoxidase, describes most of the feedback loops between PET and NPQ.

This simple regulatory system allows for efficient responses to fast (minutes) or slow (e.g. diel) changes in light environment, thanks to the presence of a regulatory calcium ion (Ca2+)‐binding domain in KEA3 modulating its activity. This circuit is likely tuned by the NPQ‐effector proteins, LHCXs, providing diatoms with the required flexibility to thrive in different ocean provinces.
The Effect of Low‐level Laser Therapy on VEGF, IL‐6 Expression and Viability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Mansourian Arash , Pourshahidi Sara , Vafi Manshadi Yasamin , Amini Shakib Pouyan , Ebrahimi Hooman 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTLow‐level laser therapy has shown successful results in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. One of the concerns about low‐level lasers is their effects on remaining malignant cells in the area. Interleukin‐6 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in a wide range of biological activities in increasing tumor functions, decreasing survival and resistance to chemo‐radiotherapy. Vascular‐endothelial growth factor increases tumor vascularization. It has been shown in the previous studies that LLLT can cause an increase of IL‐6 and VEGF in some cells. The present thesis aims to study the effects of LLLT on IL‐6 and VEGF expression, as well as cell viability on OSCC cells. Tumorigenic cells of an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line were irradiated with 3 different diode lasers, and were compared to the control group (660 nm–200 mW–4 J cm−2, 810 nm–200 mW–4 J cm−2, 940 nm–200 mW–4 J cm−2). MTT assay, ELISA and RT‐PCR were used to measure cell viability, IL‐6 and VEGF expression. Cell viability of all laser‐irradiated groups was significantly lower than the control group. VEGF expression increased in laser‐irradiated groups. This was only significant in the 810 nm group. IL‐6 protein secretion was significantly higher in all laser‐irradiated groups compared to the control group.
Establishment of risk acceptance criteria using Life Quality Index: Application to the Indian context
Authors: Roy Sandip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe formulation of risk acceptance criteria may be coupled gainfully with a prediction of the of investment required to comply with it, an exercise which can benefit from the application of socioeconomic indicators. The Life Quality Index (LQI) is one such indicator which amalgamates human mortality and wealth creation and places an implicit economic value on reduction of life risk. While there have been a number of studies to demonstrate the application of LQI pertaining to various technological systems, the present work extends it to estimate the sectoral level investment needed to reduce public risks to within the As Low As Reasonably Predictable region for the chemical industry, with specific illustration of the methodology for India. The potential reduction in public individual risk is computed as a function of percentage increase in safety investment expressed as a fraction of the industry's contribution to the nation's GDP. In addition, using a new, more accurate expression, estimates of a related parameter, the implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), are obtained for a number of developed economies and India. The ICAF estimates show reasonable agreement with the value of statistical life (VSL), a parameter which is integral to cost‐benefit analysis of safety and environmental regulations.