bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of incompressible fluid flow past immersed bodies: models and boundary conditions
Authors: Krenchiglova Jorge Lucas , dos Santos Luís Orlando Emerich , Siebert Diogo Nardelli , Philippi Paulo Cesar 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper was to investigate Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models for the bulk incompressible flow past immersed bodies and to find the set of boundary conditions (BCs) that can be considered suitable for modeling the borders of the numerical simulation domain in such a way as to avoid any effect of these BC on the flow trail that is formed behind the body.

Design/methodology/approach
Three different models of the Lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) and six different sets of BCs are tested. In addition to the classical LBE based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) single relaxation time collision model, a moments-based model and a model with two relaxation times were investigated.

Findings
The flow pattern and its macroscopic effects on the aerodynamic coefficients appear to be very dependent on the set of BC models used for the borders of the numerical domain. The imposition of pressure at the exit results in pressure perturbations, giving rise to sound waves that propagate back into the simulation domain, producing perturbations on the upwind flow. In the same way, the free-slip BC for the lateral bords appears to affect the trail of vortices behind the body in this range of Reynolds number (Re = 1,000).

Originality/value
The paper investigates incompressible flow past immersed bodies and presents the set of BCs that can be considered suitable for modeling the borders of the numerical simulation domain in such a way as to avoid any effect of these BCs on the flow trail that is formed behind the body.
The financial ambidexterity of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a conceptualization
Authors: Malki Bryan 
Published: August 2022

PurposeAccess to financing has long been identified as a stumbling block for the economic endeavors of immigrant entrepreneurs (IEs) in host countries. Yet, little is known about the internal enablers for the IEs success to overcome their financing barriers in host countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the theoretical concept of the financial ambidexterity of IEs as a potential behavioral ability some IEs develop over time to access financing in both host and coethnic contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses sociopsychological lenses to introduce and discuss the term “financial ambidexterity of IEs” by synthesizing empirical evidence drawn from the different literature on immigrant entrepreneurship, biculturalism, financial literacy and cultural intelligence. This discussion is carefully embedded within the framework of the immigrant entrepreneurship literature.FindingsThe study proposes and discusses the role of bicultural identity integration, cultural intelligence and financial literacy in enabling the “financial ambidexterity of IEs.” It further defines the “financial ambidexterity of IEs” as their ability to explore and exploit financing opportunities, either simultaneously across the contexts within which they are embedded, e.g. coethnic and mainstream, or alternately in one context when barriers occur in the other.Originality/valueThe paper mainly contributes to the literature on immigrant entrepreneurship by suggesting an explanation for how IEs overcome financing barriers in their host countries, and why some IEs are more successful in that than other peers. Moreover, the paper attempts to advance the understanding of immigrants' entrepreneurial endeavors using a sociopsychological lens that considers cultural, cognitive and knowledge-related factors.
Development of a natural antifungal formulation for grated cheese and a microencapsulation approach using whey protein isolate and maltodextrin blend
Authors: Sassi Ghada , Salmieri Stéphane , Allahdad Zahra , Karboune S. , Lacroix Monique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe antifungal activity of natural antimicrobials such as essential oils (EOs), citrus extracts, and other natural derivatives was evaluated against 10 fungal strains using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis. Compounds having the highest inhibitory activity at the lowest concentrations were subsequently selected to evaluate the possible synergistic interactions by checkerboard method (FIC). The results showed that citrus extract A (CEA) and EOs rich in cinnamaldehyde had the highest inhibitory capacity against evaluated strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Aureobasidium pullulans, Eurotium rubrum, Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium crustosum, and Penicillium roqueforti). The stability of the antifungal mixture was then optimized using lecithin and sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) as surfactants. Stability test showed that lecithin:SMP at HLB 10 maintains emulsion stability for 15 days of storage at 4°C. Encapsulation process for the loaded emulsion was optimized using whey protein isolate (WPI) and maltodextrin (MD) blend with ratios WPI:MD (1:2) and WPI:MD (1:3). The results showed that WPI:MD (1:3) led to a higher physicochemical stability (−40.5 mV), encapsulation efficiency (91%), and antifungal activity (315 ppm). Microencapsulation maintained the available active compounds content more prolonged with an average interval of 7 days compared to the nonencapsulated formulations during storage at 4°C.
DHA‐enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced kidney injury in mice possibly by regulating TLR4/NF‐κB and AMPK pathways
Authors: Zhou Yafeng , Tian Shanshan , Wang Qiongfen , Yao SiJia , Qian Li , Jiang Su , Tang Yunping , Han Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study sought to investigate the amelioration effects of enzymatically synthesized docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched phosphatidylserine (DHA‐PS) on the high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced kidney injury in mice. After 6 weeks of DHA‐PS intervention, the mice's body weight in the 20 and 40 mg/kg DHA‐PS groups decreased by 7.09% and 9.71%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. Especially, compared to the HFD group, 40 mg/kg DHA‐PS treatment effectively reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen by 68.48%, creatinine by 38.98%, kidney lipid accumulation (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids levels by 26.19%, 51.00%, and 26.11%), kidney or serum proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced the levels of kidney or serum oxidative stress parameters, except for malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, 40 mg/kg DHA‐PS treatment decreased the expression levels of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) by 18.63%, IKKα by 31.81%, and p‐p65 by 40.73% in the nuclear factor kappa‐B pathway, thereby upregulating the expression levels of p‐AMPKα by 64.93%, HSL by 99.60%, ATGL by 344.50%, PPARα by 162.02%, CPT1 by 167.95%, p‐ACC1 by 144.92%, and p‐SREBP1 by 1172.95%, and downregulating the expression levels of SREBP1 by 38.80%, ACC1 by 18.10%, and FAS by 82.28% in the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, our results also suggested that improving serum or kidney parameters and regulating intestinal microbial could affect each other after DHA‐PS treatment. These results elucidated that DHA‐PS could be a potential dietary supplement to alleviate HFD‐induced kidney injury.Practical ApplicationOur results elucidated that DHA‐PS could be a potential dietary supplement to alleviate HFD‐induced kidney injury
Impact of SARS‐CoV2 on youth onset type 2 diabetes new diagnoses and severity
Authors: DeLacey Sean , Arzu Jennifer , Levin Laura , Ranganna Adesh , Swamy Anita , Bianco Monica E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionInitial reports show an increase in youth onset type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aim to expand on existing evidence by analyzing trends over a longer period.ObjectivesOur study aims to describe change in the amount, severity, and demographics of youth onset type 2 diabetes diagnoses during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to the five years before.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional review of youth (age ≤ 21) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic (1 May 2020–30 April 2021) and the five years before (1 May 2015–30 April 2020) at a tertiary care center. Children were identified by International Classification of Diseases codes. Charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis. Chi‐square, t tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used for analyses.ResultsIn the prepandemic era annual diagnoses of type 2 diabetes ranged from 41–69 (mean = 54.2), whereas during the pandemic period 159 children were diagnosed, an increase of 293%. The increase resulted in a higher incidence rate ratio during the pandemic than before, 2.77 versus 1.07 (p = .006). New diagnoses increased most, by 490%, in Non‐Hispanic Black patients. The average HbA1c at presentation was higher during the pandemic (9.5% ± 2.6) (79.9 mmol/mol ± 28.2) than before (8.7%±2.1) (72.1 mmol/mol ± 23.1) (p = .003). Of those diagnosed during the pandemic, 59% were tested for COVID‐19 and three tested positive.ConclusionsNew diagnoses of type 2 diabetes increased during the pandemic, most notably in Non‐Hispanic Black youth. There was not a significant correlation found with clinical or biochemical COVID‐19 infection in those tested.
Magnetic resonance imaging during warm ex vivo kidney perfusion
Authors: Schutter Rianne , van Varsseveld Otis C. , Lantinga Veerle A. , Pool Merel B. F. , Hamelink Tim H. , Potze Jan Hendrik , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Laustsen Christoffer , Borra Ronald J. H. , Moers Cyril 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe shortage of donor organs for transplantation remains a worldwide problem. The utilization of suboptimal deceased donors enlarges the pool of potential organs, yet consequently, clinicians face the difficult decision of whether these sub‐optimal organs are of sufficient quality for transplantation. Novel technologies could play a pivotal role in making pre‐transplant organ assessment more objective and reliable.MethodsEx vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) at temperatures around 35–37°C allows organ quality assessment in a near‐physiological environment. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques convey unique information about an organ's structural and functional integrity. The concept of applying magnetic resonance imaging during renal normothermic machine perfusion is novel in both renal and radiological research and we have developed the first MRI‐compatible NMP setup for human‐sized kidneys.ResultsWe were able to obtain a detailed and real‐time view of ongoing processes inside renal grafts during ex vivo perfusion. This new technique can visualize structural abnormalities, quantify regional flow distribution, renal metabolism, and local oxygen availability, and track the distribution of ex vivo administered cellular therapy.ConclusionThis platform allows for advanced pre‐transplant organ assessment, provides a new realistic tool for studies into renal physiology and metabolism, and may facilitate therapeutic tracing of pharmacological and cellular interventions to an isolated kidney.
Are historical land‐use patterns and chemical soil characteristics complementary for assessing the restoration potential of Nardus grassland?
Authors: Van Daele Frederik , Onkelinx Thierry , Verheyen Kris , Van Calster Hans , Raman Maud , Van Ruijven Jasper , De Keersmaeker Luc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsHistorical land‐use legacies and chemical soil characteristics both explain either directly or indirectly the habitat quality of Nardus grassland, which is protected under the European habitat directive. Yet the relative importance and complementarity of both sets of variables are generally unknown. This knowledge is also relevant for practical reasons, as historical land‐use variables can be used in desktop spatial analyses, whereas soil characteristics require field surveys to collect samples for laboratory analyses. To this end, we aim to disentangle the relative importance of historical land‐use legacies and soil chemistry for the Nardus grassland quality, and determine the potential of habitat suitability mapping for predicting potential restoration areas.LocationNatura 2000 grasslands in Flanders (northern Belgium).MethodsWe compared the model performance of three generalized additive models (GAMs), using either land‐use history metrics, soil chemistry, or both as explanatory variables, with the Nardus grassland indicator species count as response.ResultsAll three models were able to predict areas suitable for at least three Nardus grassland indicator species with high sensitivity and specificity. However, a minimum of four indicator species are required for a favorable conservation status of Natura 2000 Nardus grasslands in Flanders. Using this threshold to detect high‐priority zones, the model based on historical land‐use variables resulted in a lower sensitivity than models which included soil chemistry.ConclusionsWe suggest a two‐step approach, with an a priori desktop spatial analysis based on historical land‐use variables subdivided in a high‐priority zone and a lower‐priority zone. If the targeted area for restoration or conservation can be found within the high‐priority zone, additional soil analyses are only required to help guide conservation and restoration measures. If additional sites are considered within the lower‐priority zone, a field survey to collect additional soil data is recommended.
TFG mutation induces haploinsufficiency and drives axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease by causing neurite degeneration
Authors: Chen Xihui , Liu Fangfang , Chen Kun , Wang Yufeng , Yin Anan , Kang Xiaowei , Yang Shanming , Zhao Hanwen , Dong Songqi , Li Yunqing , Chen Jing , Wu Yuanming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTFG‐related axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is a late‐onset, autosomal dominant, hereditary motor, and sensory neuropathy characterized by slowly progressive weakness and atrophy of the distal muscles. The objective of this study was to determine the common pathogenic mechanism of TFG‐related CMT type 2 (CMT2) caused by different mutations and establish a direct association between TFG haploinsufficiency and neurodegeneration.MethodsThree individuals carrying the TFG p.G269V mutation but with varying disease durations were studied. The effect of the p.G269V mutation was confirmed by analyzing protein samples extracted from the blood of two individuals. The functional consequences of both CMT2 mutant gene products were evaluated in vitro. The effect of TFG deficiency in the nervous system was examined using zebrafish models and cultured mouse neurons.ResultsOverexpression of p.G269V TFG failed to enhance soluble TFG levels by generating insoluble TFG aggregates. TFG deficiency disrupted neurite outgrowth and induced neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro and further impaired locomotor capacity in zebrafish, which was consistent with the phenotype in patients. Wnt signaling was activated as a protective factor in response to TFG deficiency.ConclusionCMT2‐related TFG mutation induces TFG haploinsufficiency within cells and drives disease by causing progressive neurite degeneration.
Estimating the True Cost of Garden Pathing: A Computational Model of Latent Cognitive Processes
Authors: Paape Dario , Vasishth Shravan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat is the processing cost of being garden‐pathed by a temporary syntactic ambiguity? We argue that comparing average reading times in garden‐path versus non‐garden‐path sentences is not enough to answer this question. Trial‐level contaminants such as inattention, the fact that garden pathing may occur non‐deterministically in the ambiguous condition, and “triage” (rejecting the sentence without reanalysis; Fodor & Inoue, 2000) lead to systematic underestimates of the true cost of garden pathing. Furthermore, the “pure” garden‐path effect due to encountering an unexpected word needs to be separated from the additional cost of syntactic reanalysis. To get more realistic estimates for the individual processing costs of garden pathing and syntactic reanalysis, we implement a novel computational model that includes trial‐level contaminants as probabilistically occurring latent cognitive processes. The model shows a good predictive fit to existing reading time and judgment data. Furthermore, the latent‐process approach captures differences between noun phrase/zero complement (NP/Z) garden‐path sentences and semantically biased reduced relative clause (RRC) garden‐path sentences: The NP/Z garden path occurs nearly deterministically but can be mostly eliminated by adding a comma. By contrast, the RRC garden path occurs with a lower probability, but disambiguation via semantic plausibility is not always effective.
A roadmap for a comprehensive diagnostic approach to fine needle cytology of lymph node metastases
Authors: Acanfora Gennaro , Iaccarino Antonino , Dello Iacovo Filippo , Pisapia Pasquale , De Luca Caterina , Giordano Claudia , Bellevicine Claudio , Picardi Marco , Troncone Giancarlo , Vigliar Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveFine needle cytology (FNC) is widely used as a first‐line procedure in the diagnostic algorithm of lymphadenopathies. In a metastatic setting, a first‐line diagnostic approach identifies non‐haematopoietic malignancy; however, cytopathologists could also provide a second diagnostic level, identifying the origin of the primary tumour. This paper outlines a comprehensive and practical approach to the cytological diagnosis of lymph node metastases.MethodsCytological diagnoses of lymph node metastases performed over a 10‐year period were selected and divided into two groups. The first group, labelled “oncological,” comprised patients with a previous history of malignancy; the second group, labelled “naïve,” included patients with no relevant history. Pathology records were retrieved to record microscopic findings, namely, background appearance, group architecture, and specific cell features; data from cell block (CB) preparations were also collected.ResultsOverall, 982 cases were selected: 497 cases (50.61%) in the naïve group, and 485 (49.39%) in the oncological group. Overall, a second diagnostic level was achieved in 834/982 cases (84.92%); cases diagnosed as carcinoma not otherwise specified were more frequent in the naïve group than in the oncological group (17.51% vs. 8.04%, P < 0.01). Notably, although CB material was available in only 44.87% of the naïve cases, we were able to achieve a second diagnostic level thanks to the integration of clinical and cytomorphological findings, plus lymph node topography, in 82.49% of the cases.ConclusionOur results confirmed that in a metastatic setting, FNC can reliably lead to the identification of the origin of the primary tumour.
Sense of vitality is associated with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes independently of traditional risk factors and arterial stiffness
Authors: Vergara Marta , Östgren Carl Johan , Nyström Fredrik H. , Israelsson Hanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine if single items in the quality of life questionnaire short form 36 (SF36) were associated with cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsIn 756 T2DM patients (260 women) from the CARDIPP study, nine questions from the domains vitality and well‐being in SF36 were analysed. Patients, 55–66 years, were recruited in 2005–2008 and followed up until 31 December 2018 for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), that is, myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death.ResultsMedian follow‐up time: 11.6 years, during which 119 (16%) MACE occurred. The SF36 items: ‘seldom full of pep’ (HR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4, p = 0.006), ‘seldom a lot of energy’ (HR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1–1.5, p < 0.001), ‘worn out’ (HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0–1.4, p = 0.020) and ‘seldom happy’ (HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0–1.4, p = 0.012) were independent risk factors for MACE in separate models, as well as male sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, sagittal abdominal diameter and aortic pulse wave velocity. The variables ‘seldom full of pep’ and ‘seldom a lot of energy’ remained associated with MACE when conducting separate analyses for sexes. Only ‘seldom a lot of energy’ remained associated with MACE when all items from SF‐36 were comprised in the same model.ConclusionsOne single question regarding energy levels from SF36 may be used as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in T2DM patients in primary care, for both men and women. This item may be included in future risk assessment for use in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk stratification of T2DM patients.Trial registrationThe study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov (NCT 01049737) in 14 January 2010.
The Impact of Centre‐based Childcare on Non‐cognitive Skills of Young Children
Authors: Morando Greta , Platt Lucinda 
Published: August 2022

Early development of non‐cognitive skills has long‐lasting benefits for children's subsequent educational attainment and wages. Drawing on a rich, nationally representative longitudinal sample of young children in Ireland, we present new evidence on whether the use of centre‐based childcare (CBC) in infancy and early years promotes non‐cognitive skills by school entry. We focus on the type of non‐parental childcare used by mothers who are working when their child is 9 months old, comparing CBC with other forms of non‐parental care. We consider the impact of childcare type on three domains of socio‐emotional skills: externalizing, internalizing and prosocial behaviours. We find negative effects of CBC on both externalizing and prosocial behaviours. With a cumulative value‐added model, we estimate that CBC at age 3 worsens externalizing behaviour at age 5 by 0.11 standard deviations compared to other forms of non‐parental care, equivalent to 44% of the difference in externalizing behaviour between children with a mother with/without tertiary education. The effect of CBC on the externalizing dimension of socio‐emotional skills of children entering school is consistent across several specifications and robustness checks. Given planned expansion of CBC for those needing subsidized provision, we conclude that such measures could exacerbate socio‐emotional inequalities.