bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions – XI. From inflow to infall in hub-filament systems
Authors: Zhou Jian-Wen , Liu Tie , Evans Neal J , Garay Guido , Goldsmith Paul F , Gómez Gilberto C , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Liu Hong-Li , Stutz Amelia M , Wang Ke , Juvela Mika , He Jinhua , Li Di , Bronfman Leonardo , Liu Xunchuan , Xu Feng-Wei , Tej Anandmayee , Dewangan L K , Li Shanghuo , Zhang Siju , Zhang Chao , Ren Zhiyuan , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Shing Li Pak , Won Lee Chang , Baug Tapas , Qin Sheng-Li , Wu Yuefang , Peng Yaping , Zhang Yong , Liu Rong , Luo Qiu-Yi , Ge Jixing , Saha Anindya , Chakali Eswaraiah , Zhang Qizhou , Kim Kee-Tae , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Li Jin-Zeng 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the presence of hub-filament systems in a large sample of 146 active proto-clusters, using H13CO+ J = 1-0 molecular line data obtained from the ATOMS survey. We find that filaments are ubiquitous in proto-clusters, and hub-filament systems are very common from dense core scales (∼0.1 pc) to clump/cloud scales (∼1–10 pc). The proportion of proto-clusters containing hub-filament systems decreases with increasing dust temperature (Td) and luminosity-to-mass ratios (L/M) of clumps, indicating that stellar feedback from H ii regions gradually destroys the hub-filament systems as proto-clusters evolve. Clear velocity gradients are seen along the longest filaments with a mean velocity gradient of 8.71 km s−1 pc−1 and a median velocity gradient of 5.54 km s−1 pc−1. We find that velocity gradients are small for filament lengths larger than ∼1 pc, probably hinting at the existence of inertial inflows, although we cannot determine whether the latter are driven by large-scale turbulence or large-scale gravitational contraction. In contrast, velocity gradients below ∼1 pc dramatically increase as filament lengths decrease, indicating that the gravity of the hubs or cores starts to dominate gas infall at small scales. We suggest that self-similar hub-filament systems and filamentary accretion at all scales may play a key role in high-mass star formation.
Systematically smaller single-epoch quasar black hole masses using a radius–luminosity relationship corrected for spectral bias
Authors: Maithil Jaya , Brotherton Michael S , Shemmer Ohad , Du Pu , Wang Jian-Min , Myers Adam D , McLane Jacob N , Dix Cooper , Matthews Brandon M 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Determining black hole masses and accretion rates with better accuracy and precision is crucial for understanding quasars as a population. These are fundamental physical properties that underpin models of active galactic nuclei. A primary technique to measure the black hole mass employs the reverberation mapping of low-redshift quasars, which is then extended via the radius–luminosity relationship for the broad-line region to estimate masses based on single-epoch spectra. An updated radius–luminosity relationship incorporates the flux ratio of optical Fe ii to H β ($\equiv \mathcal {R}_{\rm Fe}$) to correct for a bias in which more highly accreting systems have smaller line-emitting regions than previously realized. In this work, we demonstrate and quantify the effect of using this Fe-corrected radius-luminosity relationship on mass estimation by employing archival data sets possessing rest-frame optical spectra over a wide range of redshifts. We find that failure to use an Fe-corrected radius predictor results in overestimated single-epoch black hole masses for the most highly accreting quasars. Their accretion rate measures (LBol/LEdd and $\dot{\mathscr{M}}$ ) are similarly underestimated. The strongest Fe-emitting quasars belong to two classes: high-z quasars with rest-frame optical spectra, which, given their extremely high luminosities, require high accretion rates, and their low-z analogues, which, given their low black holes masses, must have high accretion rates to meet survey flux limits. These classes have mass corrections downward of about a factor of two, on average. These results strengthen the association of the dominant Eigenvector 1 parameter $\mathcal {R}_{\rm Fe}$ with the accretion process.
Investigating a predicted metallicity [Fe/H] variation in the Type II Globular Cluster NGC 362
Authors: Vargas C , Villanova S , Geisler D , Muñoz C , Monaco L , O’Connell J , Sarajedini Ata 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
NGC 362 is a non-common Type II Galactic globular cluster, showing a complex pseudo two-colour diagram or ‘chromosome map’. The clear separation of its stellar populations in the colour–magnitude diagram and the distribution of the giant stars in the chromosome map strongly suggests that NGC 362 could host stars with both cluster-nominal, as well as enhanced heavy-element abundances, and one of them could be iron. However, despite previous spectroscopic observations of NGC 362, no such iron variation has been detected. Our main goal is to confirm or disprove this result by searching for any internal variation of [Fe/H], which would give us insight into the formation and evolution of this interesting globular cluster. In this paper, we present the abundance analysis for a sample of 11 red giant branch members based on high-resolution and high S/N spectra obtained with the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted at the Magellan-Clay telescope. HST and GAIA photometry and astrometry has been used to determine atmospheric parameters and membership. We obtained Teff, log(g), and vt for our target stars and measured the mean iron content of the sample and its dispersion with three different methods, which lead to [Fe/H]1 = −1.10 ± 0.02, [Fe/H]2 = −1.09 ± 0.01, and [Fe/H]3 = −1.10 ± 0.01, while the internal dispersion turned out to be $\sigma _{[\text{Fe/H}]_1}$ = 0.06 ± 0.01, $\sigma _{[\text{Fe/H}]_2}$ = 0.03 ± 0.01, and $\sigma _{[\text{Fe/H}]_3}$ = 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively. The error analysis gives an internal dispersion due to observational error of 0.05 dex. Comparing the observed dispersion with the internal errors, we conclude that NGC 362 does not show any trace of an internal iron spread.
The XXL survey. XLIX. Linking the members star formation histories to the cluster mass assembly in the z = 1.98 galaxy cluster XLSSC 122
Authors: Trudeau A , Willis J P , Rennehan D , Canning R E A , Carnall A C , Poggianti B , Noordeh E , Pierre M 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The most massive protoclusters virialize to become clusters at z ∼ 2, which is also a critical epoch for the evolution of their member galaxies. XLSSC 122 is a z = 1.98 galaxy cluster with 37 spectroscopically confirmed members. We aim to characterize their star formation histories in the context of the cluster accretion history. We measure their photometry in 12 bands and create a PSF-matched catalogue of the cluster members. We employ bagpipes to fit star formation histories characterized by exponentially decreasing star-forming rates. Stellar masses, metal, and dust contents are treated as free parameters. The oldest stars in the red-sequence galaxies display a range of ages, from 0.5 Gyr to ∼3 Gyr. Characteristic times are between ∼0.1 and ∼0.3 Gyr, and the oldest members present the longest times. Using MultiDark Planck 2 dark matter simulations, we calculate the assembly of XLSSC 122-like haloes, weighted by the age posteriors of the oldest members. We found that 74 per cent of these haloes were &lt;10 per cent assembled at the onset of star formation, declining to 67 per cent of haloes when such galaxies had formed half of their z = 1.98 stellar masses. When 90 per cent of their stellar masses were formed, 75 per cent of the haloes were &lt;30 per cent assembled. The star formation histories of the red-sequence galaxies seem consistent with episodes of star formation with short characteristic times. Onset and cessation of star formation in the oldest galaxies are likely to precede XLSSC 122 virialization.
Computing optical meteor flux using global meteor network data
Authors: Vida Denis , Blaauw Erskine Rhiannon C , Brown Peter G , Kambulow Jonathon , Campbell-Brown Margaret , Mazur Michael J 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Meteor showers and their outbursts are the dominant source of meteoroid impact risk to spacecraft on short time-scales. Meteor shower prediction models depend on historical observations to produce accurate forecasts. However, the current lack of quality and persistent world-wide monitoring at optical meteoroid sizes has left some recent major outbursts poorly observed. A novel method of computing meteor shower flux is developed and applied to Global Meteor Network data. The method is verified against previously published observations of the Perseids and the Geminids. The complete mathematical and algorithmic details of computing meteor shower fluxes from video observations are described. As an example application of our approach, the flux measurements of the 2021 Perseid outburst, the 2020–2022 Quadrantids, and 2020–2021 Geminids are presented. The flux of the 2021 Perseids reached similar levels to the 1991–1994 and 2016 outbursts (ZHR ∼ 280). The flux of the Quadrantids shows high year-to-year variability in the core of the stream while the longer lasting background activity is less variable, consistent with an age difference between the two components. The Geminids show a double peak in flux near the time of peak.
Searching for the connection between ionizing-photon escape and the surface density of star formation at z ∼ 3
Authors: Pahl Anthony J , Shapley Alice , Steidel Charles C , Reddy Naveen A , Chen Yuguang 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The connection between the escape fraction of ionizing photons (fesc) and star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) is a key input for reionization models, but remains untested at high redshift. We analyse 35 z ∼ 3 galaxies from the Keck Lyman Continuum Survey (KLCS) covered by deep, rest far-UV spectra of the Lyman continuum (LyC) and high-resolution HST V606 imaging, enabling estimates of both fesc and rest-UV sizes. Using Sérsic profile fits to HST images and spectral-energy distribution fits to multiband photometry, we measure effective sizes and SFRs for the galaxies in our sample, and separate the sample into two bins of ΣSFR. Based on composite spectra, we estimate 〈fesc〉 for both ΣSFR subsamples, finding no significant difference in 〈fesc〉 between the two. To test the representativeness of the KLCS HST sample and robustness of this result, we attempt to recover the well-established correlation between fesc and Lyα equivalent width. This correlation is not significant within the KLCS HST sample, indicating that the sample is insufficient for correlating fesc and galaxy properties such as ΣSFR. We perform stacking simulations using the KLCS parent sample to determine the optimal sample size for robust probes of the fesc-ΣSFR connection to inform future observing programs. For a program with a selection independent of ionizing properties, ≥90 objects are required; for one preferentially observing strongly-leaking LyC sources, ≥58 objects are required. More generally, measuring the connection between fesc and ΣSFR requires a larger, representative sample spanning a wide dynamic range in galaxies properties such as ΣSFR.
The aqueous stability and interactions of organoruthenium compounds with serum proteins, cell culture medium, and human serum
Authors: Riisom Mie , Eade Liam , Tremlett William D J , Hartinger Christian G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metal complexes bind to a wide variety of biomolecules and the control of the reactivity is essential when designing anticancer metallodrugs with a specific mode of action in mind. In this study, we used the highly cytotoxic compound [RuII(cym)(8-HQ)Cl] (cym = η6-p-cymene, 8-HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline), the more inert derivative [RuII(cym)(8-HQ)(PTA)](SO3CF3) (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), and [RuII(cym)(PCA)Cl]Cl (PCA = pyridinecarbothioamide) as a complex with a different coordination environment about the Ru center and investigated their stability, interactions with proteins, and behavior in medium (αMEM) and human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis. The developed method was found to be robust and provides a quick and low-cost technique to monitor the interactions of such complexes with biomolecules. Each complex was found to behave very differently, emphasizing the importance of the choice of ligands and demonstrating the applicability of the developed method. Additionally, the human serum albumin binding site preference of [RuII(cym)(8-HQ)Cl] was investigated through displacement studies, revealing that the compound was able to bind to both sites I and site II, and the type of adducts formed with transferrin was determined by mass spectrometry.
Exposure of Candida parapsilosis to the silver(I) compound SBC3 induces alterations in the proteome and reduced virulence
Authors: Piatek Magdalena , O'Beirne Cillian , Beato Zoe , Tacke Matthias , Kavanagh Kevin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of silver have been exploited for many centuries and continue to gain interest in the fight against antimicrobial drug resistance. The broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity of silver have led to its incorporation into a wide range of novel antimicrobial agents, including N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The antimicrobial activity and in vivo efficacy of the NHC silver(I) acetate complex SBC3, derived from 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene (NHC*), have previously been demonstrated, although the mode(s) of action of SBC3 remains to be fully elucidated. Label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to analyse changes in protein abundance in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis in response to SBC3 treatment. An increased abundance of proteins associated with detoxification and drug efflux were indicative of a cell stress response, whilst significant decreases in proteins required for protein and amino acid biosynthesis offer potential insight into the growth-inhibitory mechanisms of SBC3. Guided by the proteomic findings and the prolific biofilm and adherence capabilities of C. parapsilosis, our studies have shown the potential of SBC3 in reducing adherence to epithelial cells and biofilm formation and hence decrease fungal virulence.
Changes in Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes to Reduce Cigarette Smoking in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yingst Jessica , Wang Xi , Lopez Alexa A , Breland Alison , Soule Eric , Barnes Andrew , Cohen Joanna , Underwood Megan , Crabtree Melanie , Foulds Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
How nicotine dependence will be affected when current smokers initiate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use to reduce cigarette smoking is unknown. This study evaluated cigarette, e-cigarette, and total nicotine dependence more than 6 months among smokers reducing cigarette consumption by replacing with e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
Adult cigarette smokers were randomized to one of four conditions (36 mg/ml e-cigarette, 8 mg/ml e-cigarette, 0 mg/ml e-cigarette, or cigarette-substitute [CS] [provided at no cost]) and instructed to reduce their cigarette smoking by 75% at 1 month. Participants completed follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months. The Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (PSNDI) measured dependence on cigarettes (PSCDI) and e-cigarettes (PSECDI). Urine cotinine measured total nicotine exposure. Linear mixed effects models for each outcome were conducted and included interaction terms between visit and condition.

Results
Participants (n = 520) were 58.8% female, 67.3% White, and 48.0 years old. At baseline, the median number of cigarettes smoked per day was 17.3 and the mean PSCDI score was 13.4, with no significant differences between conditions. Participants in the e-cigarette conditions reported significantly lower PSCDI scores, compared with baseline, and with the CS condition at all follow-up visits. Those in the 36 mg/ml e-cigarette condition reported greater PSECDI scores at 6 months, compared with baseline and the 0 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml conditions. At all follow-up visits, there were no differences in total nicotine exposure compared to baseline, nor between any conditions.

Conclusions
E-cigarette use was associated with reduced cigarette dependence, compared to the CS, without significant increases in total nicotine exposure.

Implications
Initiation of electronic cigarette use while continuing to smoke could potentially increase nicotine dependence. In this randomized trial aimed at helping smokers to reduce their cigarette intake, we found that use of an e-cigarette was associated with a reduction in cigarette dependence and an increase in e-cigarette dependence (in the condition with the highest nicotine concentration only), with no long term increase in total nicotine dependence or nicotine exposure.
The Association Between Tobacco Retailer Outlet Density and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Virginia
Authors: Lin Shuo-yu , Zhou Weiyu , Koch J Randy , Barnes Andrew J , Yang Ruixin , Xue Hong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
We examine the association between tobacco retail outlet density and adult smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia, controlling for spatial autocorrelations.

Aims and Methods
Pooling data from 2020 County Health Rankings (compiled data from various sources including, but not limited to, the National Center for Health Statistics—Mortality Files, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the American Community Survey) and Counter Tools, we conducted regression analyses that accounted for spatial autocorrelation (spatial lag models, LMlag) and adjusted for county-level access to healthcare, demographics, SES, environmental factors, risk conditions or behaviors, and population health measures.

Results
Our estimates provide evidence that every increase of one tobacco retail outlet per 1000 persons was associated with 1.16 percentage points (95% CI: 0.80–1.52) higher smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia after controlling for spatial autocorrelation. The effect of outlet density was largely explained by social determinants of health such as SES, risky conditions or behaviors, and environmental factors. We further noticed that the impact of social determinants of health were closely related and can be explained by indicators of population health (rates of mental distress (β = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31–1.67) and physical inactivity (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04–0.10).

Conclusions
Although higher tobacco outlet density was associated with an increase in county-level smoking prevalence, the impact of outlet density was largely explained by social determinants of health and mental illness. Improving well-being at the community level could be a promising strategy in future tobacco control policies.

Implication
The influence of tobacco outlet density seems to be explained by other social determinants of health and population level of mental or physical health. Thus, efforts to reduce tobacco use and consequent negative health effects should explore the impact of improving regional living standards. However, a sole focus on economic growth may not be sufficient, whereas a focus on such things as promoting work-life balance and improving overall well-being at the community level may be more
Disinfection in the time of COVID: Safe solutions are critical for schools
Authors: Hicks Anne , Hicks Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Surface disinfection is part of school protocols designed to decrease the risk of students and staff contracting COVID-19. However, exposure to disinfectants can have short- and long-term health consequences. Given that the risks are well-described and safer products are readily available, it is critical that schools consciously employ safer disinfection strategies.
Loss of function of the bHLH transcription factor Nrd1 in tomato enhances resistance to Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Zhang Ning , Hecht Chloe , Sun Xuepeng , Fei Zhangjun , Martin Gregory B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors constitute a superfamily in eukaryotes, but their roles in plant immunity remain largely uncharacterized. We found that the transcript abundance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves of one bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, negative regulator of resistance to DC3000 1 (Nrd1), increased significantly after treatment with the immunity-inducing flgII-28 peptide. Plants carrying a loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1) showed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 although early pattern-triggered immunity responses, such as generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases after treatment with flagellin-derived flg22 and flgII-28 peptides, were unaltered compared to wild-type plants. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified a gene, Arabinogalactan protein 1 (Agp1), whose expression is strongly suppressed in an Nrd1-dependent manner. Agp1 encodes an arabinogalactan protein, and overexpression of the Agp1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana led to ∼10-fold less Pst growth compared to the control. These results suggest that the Nrd1 protein promotes tomato susceptibility to Pst by suppressing the defense gene Agp1. RNA-seq also revealed that the loss of Nrd1 function has no effect on the transcript abundance of immunity-associated genes, including AvrPtoB tomato-interacting 9 (Bti9), Cold-shock protein receptor (Core), Flagellin sensing 2 (Fls2), Flagellin sensing (Fls3), and Wall-associated kinase 1 (Wak1) upon Pst inoculation, suggesting that the enhanced immunity observed in the Δnrd1 mutants is due to the activation of key PRR signaling components as well as the loss of Nrd1-regulated suppression of Agp1.
Experimental reductions in subdaily flow fluctuations increased gross primary productivity for 425 river kilometers downstream
Authors: Deemer Bridget R , Yackulic Charles B , Hall Robert O , Dodrill Michael J , Kennedy Theodore A , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D , Topping David J , Voichick Nicholas , Yard Michael D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aquatic primary production is the foundation of many river food webs. Dams change the physical template of rivers, often driving food webs toward greater reliance on aquatic primary production. Nonetheless, the effects of regulated flow regimes on primary production are poorly understood. Load following is a common dam flow management strategy that involves subdaily changes in water releases proportional to fluctuations in electrical power demand. This flow regime causes an artificial tide, wetting and drying channel margins and altering river depth and water clarity, all processes that are likely to affect primary production. In collaboration with dam operators, we designed an experimental flow regime whose goal was to mitigate negative effects of load following on ecosystem processes. The experimental flow contrasted steady-low flows on weekends with load following flows on weekdays. Here, we quantify the effect of this experimental flow on springtime gross primary production (GPP) 90-to-425 km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, AZ, USA. GPP during steady-low flows was 41% higher than during load following flows, mostly owing to nonlinear reductions in sediment-driven turbidity. The experimental flow increased weekly GPP even after controlling for variation in weekly mean discharge, demonstrating a negative effect of load following on GPP. We estimate that this environmental flow increased springtime carbon fixation by 0.27 g C m−2 d−1, which is ecologically meaningful considering median C fixation in 356 US rivers of 0.44 g C m−2 d−1 and the fact that native fish populations in this river are food-limited.