bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review to identify ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of nonprofit organizations when funding clinical trials in pediatric cancer
Authors: Rahimzadeh Vasiliki , Wolfert Susan , Buenger Vickie , Campbell Cindy , French Robin , Ludwinski Donna , Weinstein Amy , Barrett Caitlyn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) play critical roles as funding sources, research partners, and disseminators of drug developments in pediatric cancer. Yet the literature provides limited guidance about ethical best practices when NPOs make trial funding decisions in this space. We conducted a systematic review of the literature indexed in PubMed and Web of Science to identify the ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of NPOs to four key stakeholder groups in funding pediatric cancer trials: (i) patients/families, (ii) researchers, (iii) industry sponsors, and (iv) donors. We applied the lifecycle framework for patient engagement in drug research and development proposed by Geissler and colleagues to analyze themes related to NPOs’ responsibilities across 54 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Emergent themes included transparency surrounding conflicts of interest, the rigor of scientific review, and communication with patients/communities about trial progress. Our research identified critical gaps in best practices for negotiating research partnerships, managing competing research priorities, and pursuing alternative financing models including venture philanthropy. Results from our review informed a set of best practices to guide NPOs in making trial funding decisions that align with stakeholder values and interests.
Clinical and molecular features of pediatric cancer patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Scollon Sarah , Eldomery Mohammad K. , Reuther Jacquelyn , Lin Frank Y. , Potter Samara L. , Desrosiers Lauren , McClain Kenneth L. , Smith Valeria , Su Jack Meng‐Fen , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Hu Jianhong , Korchina Viktoriya , Zarrin‐Khameh Neda , Gibbs Richard A. , Muzny Donna M. , Eng Christine , Roy Angshumoy , Parsons D. Williams , Plon Sharon E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association of childhood cancer with Lynch syndrome is not established compared with the significant pediatric cancer risk in recessive constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD).ProcedureWe describe the clinical features, germline analysis, and tumor genomic profiling of patients with Lynch syndrome among patients enrolled in pediatric cancer genomic studies.ResultsThere were six of 773 (0.8%) pediatric patients with solid tumors identified with Lynch syndrome, defined as a germline heterozygous pathogenic variant in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (three with MSH6, two with MLH1, and one with MSH2). Tumor analysis demonstrated evidence for somatic second hits and/or increased tumor mutation burden in three of four patients with available tumor with potential implications for therapy and identification of at‐risk family members. Only one patient met current guidelines for pediatric cancer genetics evaluation at the time of tumor diagnosis.ConclusionApproximately 1% of children with cancer have Lynch syndrome, which is missed with current referral guidelines, suggesting the importance of adding MMR genes to tumor and hereditary pediatric cancer panels. Tumor analysis may provide the first suggestion of an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome and is useful in distinguishing between Lynch syndrome and CMMRD.
Incidence and prognostic value of central nervous system involvement in infants with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the MLL‐Baby protocol
Authors: Popov Alexander , Tsaur Grigory , Permikin Zhan , Fominikh Veronika , Verzhbitskaya Tatiana , Riger Tatiana , Demina Anna , Shorikov Egor , Kustanovich Anatoly , Movchan Liudmila , Streneva Olga , Khlebnikova Olga , Makarova Olga , Arakaev Oleg , Solodovnikov Alexander , Boichenko Elmira , Kondratchik Konstantin , Ponomareva Natalia , Lapotentova Elena , Aleinikova Olga , Miakova Natalia , Novichkova Galina , Karachunskiy Alexander , Fechina Larisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and prognostic impact of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in infants with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL), as well as its relation with minimal residual disease (MRD) data.MethodsA total of 139 consecutive infants with BCP‐ALL from the MLL‐Baby trial were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were investigated by microscopy of cytospin slides. MRD was evaluated according to the protocol schedule by flow cytometry and PCR for fusion gene transcripts (FGT).ResultsInvolvement of the CNS at any level was found in 50 infants (36.0%). The incidence of CNS involvement was higher in patients with KMT2A gene rearrangements (44.0% for KMT2A‐r vs. 15.4% for KMT2A‐g, p = .003). The outcome of CNS‐positive infants was significantly worse than that of CNS‐negative infants, although this prognostic impact was limited to the KMT2A‐r group (event‐free survival 0.21 for CNS‐positive vs. 0.48 for CNS‐negative infants, p = .044). CNS‐positive infants could not be treated successfully by conventional chemotherapy alone, irrespective of the rapidity of MRD response. In contrast, the combination of initial CNS negativity and FGT‐MRD negativity identified a group comprising up to one‐third of infants with KMT2A‐r ALL who can be treated with chemotherapy and achieve very good outcomes (disease‐free survival above 95%), and remaining patients should be allocated to receive other types of treatment.ConclusionWe can conclude that this combination of initial CNS involvement and MRD data can significantly improve risk‐group allocation in future clinical trials enrolling infants with ALL.
Risk of volume depletion events with concomitant use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and loop diuretics: A self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Lewellyan Colleen M. , Spoutz Patrick , Schaefer Monica , Patterson Mark E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used to prevent cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and newly indicated to treat heart failure (HF). Loop diuretics are commonly prescribed to manage volume overload in HF and may increase the risk of volume depletion in real‐world practice. This study evaluated the risk of volume depletion following concomitant use of SGLT2is and loop diuretics in veterans.MethodsVeterans with T2DM were included if they received concomitant loop diuretics and SGLT2is and experienced at least one volume depletion event between December 2012 and December 2019, utilizing a self‐controlled case series design. Concomitant prescribing periods were divided into focal windows of 1 to 14 days, 14 to 28 days, and greater than 28 days. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using multivariable Poisson regressions adjusted for age and renal function.Results3352 patients experienced at least one volume depletion event and were concomitantly prescribed SGLT2is and loop diuretics at least once. The risk of volume depletion increased in the treatment versus control windows during the 1 to 14‐day window (IRR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.63–2.02) the 15‐to‐28‐day window (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.28–1.67), and the greater than 28‐day window (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.21–1.34).ConclusionsConcomitant prescribing of SGLT2is and loop diuretics is associated with an increased risk of volume depletion, an effect that attenuates with longer therapy durations. Prescribers need to closely monitor fluid status in patients receiving concomitant therapy, especially those with advancing age or with eGFR below 60.
Front Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 7
Authors: Zhou Yuan‐lin , Li Xin‐lu , Zhang Yi‐meng , Shi Yan , Li Hong‐hong , Zhang Zhe , Iqbal Chandni , Ye De‐xing , Li Xue‐sheng , Zhao Ying‐ru , Xu Wei‐long , Smagghe Guy , Yang Xin‐ling 
Published: June 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article A novel bee‐friendly peptidomimetic insecticide: Synthesis, aphicidal activity and 3D‐QSAR study of insect kinin analogs at Phe2 modification by Yuan‐lin Zhou et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6920.
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A closer look at the equivalence of Bernoulli and geometric CUSUM control charts
Authors: Saccucci Michael S. , Lucas James M. , Bourke Patrick D. , Davis Darwin J. , Saniga Erwin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSome researchers have incorrectly concluded that the geometric CUSUM is superior to the Bernoulli CUSUM as a procedure for monitoring a repetitive process, even though the two procedures have been proved to be equivalent for detecting an upward shift in the proportion of nonconforming items. We use an exact Markov‐chain‐based methodology to re‐examine the relationship between geometric CUSUM and Bernoulli CUSUM control charts. Exact methods allow us to differentiate between similar but different‐valued quantities that have contributed to some misunderstandings in the literature. We show that for a random‐shift model, evaluations of steady‐state average number of inspected items until a signal (ANIs) are identical for both geometric CUSUMs and Bernoulli CUSUMs, provided the correct choices of return levels are made. We also show that a steady‐state geometric CUSUM based on a fixed‐shift model only uses the geometric CUSUM states, while a steady‐state geometric CUSUM based on a random‐shift model will reach the states of a Bernoulli CUSUM after a long series of zeros. We note that our conclusions are contrary to the published results of other researchers, and we examine these differences in detail.Layman's Abstract: Since, their introduction by Walter Shewhart in 1931, control charts such as the Shewhart p‐chart have had widespread application for monitoring the output quality from manufacturing processes, such as the proportion (p) in the stream of manufactured items that are nonconforming. But the Shewhart p‐chart is not very effective for monitoring processes when the proportion p is less than about 4 percent. Other charts, such as the geometric CUSUM (proposed in 1991) and the Bernoulli CUSUM (proposed in 1999) have been shown to be superior at identifying changes in p when p is small. Some researchers have relied on simulation‐based investigations to compare these two CUSUMs, and have incorrectly concluded that the geometric CUSUM is superior to the Bernoulli CUSUM, even though the two procedures have been proved to be equivalent for detecting an upward shift in the proportion p. Using exact, Markov‐chain‐based methodology, we re‐examine the relationship between the geometric CUSUM and the Bernoulli CUSUM control charts and demonstrate that these two charts are equivalent when evaluated correctly. Exact methods allow us to precisely compare these two monitoring schemes and correct some erroneous conclusions that have appeared in the literature.
Quantum Architecture Search with Meta‐Learning
Authors: He Zhimin , Chen Chuangtao , Li Lvzhou , Zheng Shenggen , Situ Haozhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVariational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have been successfully applied to quantum approximate optimization algorithms, variational quantum compiling and quantum machine learning models. The performances of VQAs largely depend on the architecture of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs). Quantum architecture search (QAS) aims to automate the design of PQCs in different VQAs with classical optimization algorithms. However, current QAS algorithms do not use prior experiences and search the quantum architecture from scratch for each new task, which is inefficient and time consuming. In this paper, a meta quantum architecture search (MetaQAS) algorithm is proposed, which learns good initialization heuristics of the architecture (i.e., meta‐architecture), along with the meta‐parameters of quantum gates from a number of training tasks such that they can adapt to new tasks with fewer gradient updates, which leads to fast learning on new tasks. The proposed MetaQAS can be used with arbitrary gradient‐based QAS algorithms. Simulation results on variational quantum compiling (VQC) and quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) show that the architectures optimized by MetaQAS converge faster than a state‐of‐the‐art gradient‐based QAS algorithm, namely DQAS. MetaQAS also achieves a better solution than DQAS after fine‐tuning of gate parameters.
No evidence for effects of mill‐grinding on δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values in different marine taxa
Authors: Pérez Pablo A. , Docmac Felipe , Harrod Chris 
Published: June 2022

RationaleThe analysis of natural variation in light stable isotopes such as carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulfur (δ34S) plays an important role in deepening our understanding of ecosystems. To avoid misinterpretation, robust results are required, where pre‐treatment steps such as sample homogenization are crucial to guarantee representative samples. The grinding of samples using stainless steel balls in polypropylene tubes (e.g., laboratory bead‐beater) has been identified as a potential source of bias.MethodsWe tested possible effects of mill‐grinding (e.g., contamination) of samples of coastal marine taxa including primary producers, primary consumers and higher trophic level fish. We compared potential impacts of homogenization by mill‐grinding with hand‐grinding over an extended time on δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values.ResultsOne‐way Welch’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were no statistical differences between methods for all the studied taxa. Also, repeated measures ANOVA showed no evidence of effects of grinding for extended times (from 30 to 120 seconds) for δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that grinding samples in polypropylene tubes in a bead‐beater resulted in any marked alteration of the isotopic composition on the studied samples, e.g., through contamination by plastic. As such, we consider mill‐grinding as an appropriate method for the homogenization of samples from a range of different marine taxa, which under controlled conditions did not affect δ13C, δ15N and δ34S analysis.
Growth Optimization and Device Integration of Narrow‐Bandgap Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Borin Barin Gabriela , Sun Qiang , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Du Cheng‐Zhuo , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Llinas Juan Pablo , Mutlu Zafer , Lin Yuxuan , Wilhelm Jan , Overbeck Jan , Daniels Colin , Lamparski Michael , Sahabudeen Hafeesudeen , Perrin Mickael L. , Urgel José I. , Mishra Shantanu , Kinikar Amogh , Widmer Roland , Stolz Samuel , Bommert Max , Pignedoli Carlo , Feng Xinliang , Calame Michel , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Meunier Vincent , Bokor Jeffrey , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be engineered by controlling their edge structure and width with atomic precision through bottom‐up fabrication based on molecular precursors. This approach offers a unique platform for all‐carbon electronic devices but requires careful optimization of the growth conditions to match structural requirements for successful device integration, with GNR length being the most critical parameter. In this work, the growth, characterization, and device integration of 5‐atom wide armchair GNRs (5‐AGNRs) are studied, which are expected to have an optimal bandgap as active material in switching devices. 5‐AGNRs are obtained via on‐surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions from Br‐ and I‐substituted precursors. It is shown that the use of I‐substituted precursors and the optimization of the initial precursor coverage quintupled the average 5‐AGNR length. This significant length increase allowed the integration of 5‐AGNRs into devices and the realization of the first field‐effect transistor based on narrow bandgap AGNRs that shows switching behavior at room temperature. The study highlights that the optimized growth protocols can successfully bridge between the sub‐nanometer scale, where atomic precision is needed to control the electronic properties, and the scale of tens of nanometers relevant for successful device integration of GNRs.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the market prospects of electric passenger cars
Authors: Ajanovic Amela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic has caused changes worldwide in a dimension that has not been seen since the Second World War. This pandemic and the measures taken to moderate the negative consequences have affected almost all aspects of our life. Transport has been one of the most affected sectors. In general, the global car market is very sensitive to macroeconomic conditions. This applies especially to electric vehicles, which are still very dependent on financial support measures. A combination of travel restrictions, unemployment, and low oil prices could have significant impact on electric vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the development of electric vehicles and corresponding policies covering the period before and during the COVID crisis. Policy framework and the future development of the annual gross domestic product per capita have a significant impact on diffusion of battery electric vehicles. However, since the crisis is still ongoing, the full impact of the COVID crisis on mobility is still to be seen but the findings so far show rather favorable signs for electric mobility.This article is categorized under:
Cities and Transportation > Electric Mobility
Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and ligand (PD‐L1) inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Levy Dylan A. , Patel Jaimin J. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Nicholas Jungbauer W. , Neskey David M. , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Paulos Chrystal M. , Kaczmar John A. , Knochelmann Hannah M. , Day Terry A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors have emerged as promising treatments for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors in HNSCC. Outcomes: median overall survival (mOS), median progression‐free survival (mPFS), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs).ResultsEleven trials reported data on 1088 patients (mean age: 59.9 years, range: 18–90). The total mOS was 7.97 months (range: 6.0–16.5). Mean mPFS for all studies was 2.84 months (range: 1.9–6.5). PD‐1 inhibitors had a lower rate of RECIST Progressive Disease than PD‐L1 inhibitors (42.61%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.29–49.06 vs. 56.79%, 95% CI: 49.18–64.19, P < 0.001). The rate of TRAEs of any grade (62.7%, 95% CI: 59.8–65.6) did not differ.ConclusionsMeta‐analysis shows the efficacy of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors in HNSCC and suggests a possible difference in certain RECIST criterion between PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors. Future work to investigate the clinical significance of these findings is warranted.
Overprescription of opioid analgesia is common following ambulatory Otolaryngology—Head and Neck surgery procedures: A multicenter study
Authors: Hamour Amr F. , Laliberte Frederick , Levy Jordan , Xu Jason , Park Edward , Lin Vincent , de Almeida John , Strychowsky Julie , Eskander Antoine , Monteiro Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe rise in the use of prescription opioids for postoperative analgesia within surgery has mirrored an increased trend of opioid‐related morbidity within Canada and the United States. This study prospectively studied daily pain levels and medication requirements postoperatively in patients undergoing elective Otolaryngology—Head and Neck surgery procedures.MethodsPatients were asked to prospectively document their pain level and medication use daily for 7 days postoperatively. A final survey was used to quantify unused medication left at home and clarify each patient's disposal plan. We included patients undergoing elective outpatient or short stay surgeries from three tertiary care centers in Toronto, Ontario from September 2016 to September 2017. Previous opioids users or patients suffering from chronic pain were excluded.ResultsA final cohort of 56 eligible adult patients were included in the study. The most common procedures were thyroidectomy (n = 19), endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 10), tympanoplasty/ossiculoplasty (n = 7), and cochlear implant (n = 5). Most patients received a prescription for acetaminophen/codeine (n = 29, 51.8%) or acetaminophen/oxycodone (n = 22, 39.3%) and used on average 29% of their initial prescription. Patients most commonly opted to keep their unused narcotics at home (n = 23, 41%). A total of 710 tablets of narcotics were overprescribed in our study population, 351 of which were kept in patients' home for future use.ConclusionThere is a clear tendency to overestimate postoperative pain resulting in significant overprescription of opioids among Otolaryngologists.
A quiet place: The impact of the word “quiet” on clinical workload
Authors: Go Beatrice C. , Chorath Kevin , Schettino Amy , Anagnos Vincent , Maina Ivy , Henry Laura , Dumberger Lukas , Sangal Neel , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Husain Solomon , Sudoko Chad , Cretney Evan , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the impact of uttering the word “quiet” on clinical workload during the overnight otolaryngology call shift and understand the factors contributing to resident busyness.Materials and MethodsA multicenter, single‐blind, randomized‐controlled trial was conducted. A total of 80 overnight call shifts covered by a pool of 10 residents were randomized to the quiet or to the control group. At the start of shift, residents were asked to state aloud, “Today will be a quiet night” (quiet group) or “Today will be a good night” (control group). Clinical workload, as measured by number of consults, was the primary outcome. Secondary measures included number of sign‐out tasks, unplanned inpatient and operating room visits, number of phone calls and hours of sleep, and self‐perceived busyness.ResultsThere was no difference in the number of total (P = 0.23), nonurgent (P = 0.18), and urgent (P = 0.18) consults. Tasks at signout, total phone calls, unplanned inpatient visits, and unplanned operating room visits did not differ between the control and quiet groups. While there were more unplanned operating room visits in the quiet group (29, 80.6%) compared to the control group (34, 94.4%), this was not found to be significant (P = 0.07). The majority of residents reported feeling “not busy” during control nights (18, 50.0%) compared to feeling “somewhat busy” during quiet nights (17, 47.2%; P = 0.42).ConclusionContrary to popular belief, there is no clear evidence that uttering the word “quiet” significantly increases clinical workload.