bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous renal tract rupture from obstructing vesico‐ureteric junction calculus
Authors: Okpii Emmanuel C. , Adamu‐Biu Fatima , Okpii Kingsley C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpontaneous or non‐traumatic rupture of the renal tract is an infrequent presentation, and it is most frequently caused by ureteric obstruction. Rupture could occur at any level of the upper urinary tract. However, it is most common at the renal calyces and complications that could arise include; urinoma, and or hematoma collection which could progress to abscess formation and sepsis. We report a 77‐year‐old male patient who attended the emergency department following referral from his general practitioner with a 6‐day history of progressively worsening left sided abdominal pain. Due to his co‐morbidities, presenting blood pressure and age, he was suspected of having an aortic dissection or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and subsequently had a CT (computed tomography) Angiogram. This showed extravasation of contrast from the left kidney with a 12 mm obstructing vesico‐ureteric junction calculus necessitating urgent urology referral and prompt review. He was worked up for a ureteric double J stent insertion, however, the procedure was unsuccessful due to complex multiple urethral strictures. The patient subsequently had a nephrostomy inserted and was planned for optical urethrotomy, rigid cystoscopy, rigid/flexible ureteroscopy, and laser stone fragmentation of left obstructing vesico‐ureteric junction calculus.
High‐pressure CO, H2, CO2 and Ethylene Pulses Applied in the Hydrogenation of CO to Higher Alcohols over a Bulk Co‐Cu Catalyst
Authors: Telaar Pascal , Schwiderowski Philipp , Schmidt Stefan , Stürmer Sascha , Muhler Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe reaction pathways of higher alcohol synthesis over a bulk Co−Cu catalyst (Co : Cu=2 : 1) were investigated by applying high‐pressure pulse experiments as a surface‐sensitive operando method at 280 °C and 60 bar. Using high‐pressure CO and H2 pulses in a syngas flow with a H2:CO ratio of 1, it was shown that the surface of the working 2CoCu catalyst is saturated with adsorbed CO, but not with adsorbed atomic hydrogen, because only the H2 pulses increased the yields of all alcohols and alkanes. The reverse water gas shift reaction (WGSR) was investigated by pulsing CO2. The CO2 pulses poisoned the formation of methanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol, and the absence of significant CO and H2O responses indicates that the WGSR is not efficiently catalyzed by the applied 2CoCu catalyst excluding the presence of exposed Cu0 sites. A series of ethylene pulses showed that when a threshold mole fraction of ethylene of about 1 vol % is surpassed, 2CoCu is an active catalyst for the hydroformylation of ethylene to 1‐propanol pointing to the presence of highly coordinatively unsaturated Co sites.
Central projections of cercal giant interneurons in the adult field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: Yamao Hiroki , Shidara Hisashi , Ogawa Hiroto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe structures of neurons, such as dendrites and axonal projections, are closely related to their response properties and their specific functions in neural circuits. Identified neurons, having genetically determined morphological features and pre‐ and postsynaptic partners, play significant roles in specific behaviors. Giant interneurons (GIs) are identified in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cricket as mechanosensory projection neurons and are sensitive to airflow stimulation of the cerci. GIs are classified into ventral GIs (vGIs) or dorsal GIs (dGIs) depending on the location of their axons running within the connective nerve cord. Based on their response properties to airflow, vGIs are presumed to be involved in triggering the wind‐elicited escape response, whereas dGIs are thought to be airflow direction‐encoding neurons. The previous findings regarding airflow sensitivity point to possible differences in the morphology of the central projections that may correspond to their neural functions. However, the detailed morphologies of the GIs in the cephalic and thoracic ganglia of adult crickets remain unclear. In this study, we stained six GIs, namely, GI 8‐1 (medial giant interneuron, MGI), 9‐1 (lateral giant interneuron, LGI), 9‐2, 9‐3, 10‐2, and 10‐3, using intracellular iontophoretic or pressure injection of dyes. Staining revealed remarkable differences in the axonal branching patterns between vGIs and dGIs. The dGIs were further divided into subgroups based on the profiles of their axon collaterals and projection sites in the brain. The anatomical differences between the GIs’ central projections seemed to be related to their information encodement and behavioral functions.
Development of a novel flow cytometry method for detecting pneumococcal‐specific B cells
Authors: Tzovara Irene , Papadatou Ioanna , Tzanoudaki Marianna , Spoulou Vasiliki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntigen‐specific B cell identification by flow cytometry is crucial for investigating their immunophenotype, subset distribution, and kinetics post‐infection or immunization. Methods using biotinylated polysaccharide antigens have been described, but there is still room for improvement regarding sensitivity and applicability. The aim of this study was the development and validation of a multimer bead‐based method for detecting pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes (PS)‐specific B cells following pneumococcal immunization. PS was chemically biotinylated and mounted on anti‐biotin beads, and labeled with phycoerythrin (PE)‐conjugated anti‐biotin antibody to form a PS‐multimer used for cell staining. Labeled beads were washed to remove excess fluorochrome and diminish non‐specific labeling and background noise. Optimal ratios of PS‐bead conjugate to PE and PS‐multimer to cells were determined with titration assays. Comparison between the PS‐multimer and a PS‐PE monomer revealed enhanced detection of PS‐specific cells and considerable signal amplification, attributed to the multimeric form of the detection probe and increased availability of antigen epitopes. To validate the specificity of the method, a competition assay using unbound PS was performed. Following pre‐incubation with increasing PS concentrations, detection of PS‐specific B cells with the PS‐multimer was inhibited in a stepwise manner. Pre‐incubation with excess PS completely blocked the fluorescent signal. This novel bead‐based flow cytometry approach is a sensitive method demonstrating high specificity. It generated enhanced signals, provided clear‐cut results, and was easily applicable, not requiring B cell pre‐enrichment. It could be modified to adapt other antigens of interest, especially polysaccharides and proteins that could be used to probe antigen‐specific B cell responses. The study of such responses may elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the establishment of long‐term protection, provide evidence‐based rationale for improving currently available vaccines and vaccination strategies, and pave the way for future vaccine development.
Renal medullary osmolytes NaCl and urea differentially modulate human tubular cell cytokine expression and monocyte recruitment
Authors: Schmitz Jessica , Brauns Nicolas , Hüsing Anne M. , Flechsig Martina , Glomb Thorsten , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Haller Hermann , von Vietinghoff Sibylle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRenal immune cells serve as sentinels against ascending bacteria but also promote detrimental inflammation. The kidney medulla is characterized by extreme electrolyte concentrations. We here address how its main osmolytes, NaCl and urea, regulate tubular cell cytokine expression and monocyte chemotaxis.In the healthy human kidney, more monocytes were detected in medulla than cortex. The monocyte gradient was attenuated in patients with medullary NaCl depletion by loop diuretic therapy and in the nephrotic syndrome. Renal tubular epithelial cell gene expression responded similarly to NaCl and tonicity control mannitol, but not urea. NaCl significantly upregulated chemotactic cytokines, most markedly CCL26, CCL2, and CSF1. This induction was inhibited by the ROS scavenger n‐acetylcysteine. In contrast, urea, the main medullary osmolyte in catabolism, dampened tubular epithelial CCL26 and CSF1 expression. Renal medullary chemokine and monocyte marker expression decreased in catabolic mice. NaCl‐, but not urea‐stimulated tubular epithelium or CCL2 and CCL26, promoted human classical monocyte migration. CCL26 improved bactericidal function. In the human kidney medulla, monocyte densities correlated with tubular CCL26 protein abundance.In summary, medullary‐range NaCl, but not urea, promotes tubular cytokine expression and monocyte recruitment. This may contribute to the pyelonephritis vulnerability in catabolism but can possibly be harnessed against pathologic inflammation.
Evaluation of a potential prognostic parameter for the inflammatory status in COVID‐19 patients: The inflammatory protein ratio
Authors: Antonucci Francescopaolo , Di Carlo Domenico , Falcone Michele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractC‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and d‐dimer are determined in the human plasma of 2745 hospitalized patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by automated‐latex enhanced immunoassay and immuno‐turbidimetric assay. SARS‐COV‐2 RNA qualitative test, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) based, is performed in nasopharyngeal swabs to confirm those with SARS‐COV‐2 positivity. Furthermore, serum proteins are separated and quantified in all the patients by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE).A new SPE parameter, inflammatory protein ratio (IPR), is elaborated for the first time by a mathematical equation that considers the albumin, α1‐globulin, and α2‐globulin. IPR normal reference range (10.7%–28.3%) is calculated considering the normal reference range of albumin, α1‐globulin, and α2‐globulin obtained for controls. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman's tests application show that IPR significantly correlates with direct proportionality with d‐dimer, CRP, and fibrinogen. Significant (p < 0.001) increase of these parameters, IPR included, is detected in COVID‐19 patients only. Our results show that IPR is more specific for monitoring inflammatory status thanks to its correlation with the only three serum proteins involved in inflammation: albumin, α1‐globulin, and α2‐globulin. Furthermore, IPR can simplify the interpretation of SPE results about inflammatory status, being of unique value compared to the six‐serum protein classes separately presented in the typical SPE clinical reports.
FIRDA, refractory epilepsy, and SEEG‐guided RF: A case report
Authors: Getter Nir , Sepkuty Jehuda , Weinstein Maya , Norman Yitzhak , Fried Iitzhak , Lockman Judith , Lorberboim Mordechay , Heyman Eli , Levy Mikael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe will demonstrate that FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)—otherwise related to systemic disorders and encephalopathy—has a role as an epileptic biomarker of deep‐seated midline SOZ. Its abolishment following SEEG‐guided radiofrequency of such SOZ correlates with clinical improvement suggesting its role as a noninvasive biomarker of otherwise inaccessible SOZs.MethodsWe report the case of AK who was admitted with “psychiatric and gastrointestinal complaints.” AK's complaints were further associated with FIRDA during VEEG. His previous refractoriness to AEDs, the clinico‐electroencephalographic correlation, MRI showing bilateral hippocampal atrophy (more to the left) and severe memory deficits, prompted us to suggest a left temporo‐mesial SOZ, for which SEEG was done. Dual SEEG and scalp electrodes were used primarily for diagnostic purposes but taking into account an option for a therapeutic action by RF ablation.ResultsThe dual array demonstrated a clear association between left hippocampal high voltage spikes and HFOs on SEEG recordings with FIRDA on concomitant scalp EEG parallel to behavioral changes, as suspected in our preliminary hypothesis. A further RF ablation eliminated the epileptiform activity (Spikes, HFOs, and FIRDA) followed by clinical improvement.SignificanceThis is the first report showing the clinical significance of FIRDA associated with behavioral changes as a marker for latent refractory mesial epilepsy. SEEG exploration has the potential to uncover deep sources, which are manifested as FIRDA on scalp EEG. These abnormalities and clinical symptoms can be eliminated by RF ablation.
An integrated AHP‐ELECTRE and deep reinforcement learning methods for handover performance optimization in an LTE‐A networks
Authors: Moses M. Leeban , Ramkumarraja M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmblematic growth of telecommunications networks has also produced high data rates and low user equipment (UE) latency. Also, the third generation partnership project launched long term evolution (LTE) and LTE advance (A), which supports different types of network traffic including video, voice, and so on. A handover is needed to provide semantic interloper ability is the process to move the UE power from serving evolved node B (eNB) to the subsequent eNB without interruption. Consequently, high quality of service (QoS), reliability relies on a smooth execution. If eNBs cannot be selected from available eNBs in an optimized manner to transfer during UE mobility, the criteria for quality of service can be violated. In order to accommodate QoS requires to be more configured for smooth synchronization, eNB range, and trigger points. This article aims to automate handover by means of sophisticated program based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with ELECTRE and deep reinforcement (DR) learning methods. Network performance is scrutinized and simulation is utilized to visualize the proposed scheme. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed system helps to reduce the handover failure rate and handover ping‐pong. Thus, the proposed AHP‐ELECTRE‐DR‐learning method has achieved better results in delay, throughput, fairness index, and packet loss than the existing works like AHP‐TOPSIS‐Q‐learning for handover optimization in LTE‐A, auto tuning optimization for reducing frequent handovers and handover failure in LTE‐A, and particle swarm optimization with adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system for LTE and LTE‐A networks, respectively.
SERS characterization of colorectal cancer cell surface markers upon anti‐EGFR treatment
Authors: Lyu Nana , Pedersen Bernadette , Shklovskaya Elena , Rizos Helen , Molloy Mark P. , Wang Yuling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed and the second lethal cancer worldwide. Approximately 30–50% of CRC are driven by mutations in the KRAS oncogene, which is a strong negative predictor for response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (anti‐EGFR) therapy. Examining the phenotype of KRAS mutant and wild‐type (WT) CRC cells in response to anti‐EGFR treatment may provide significant insights into drug response and resistance. Herein, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay was applied to phenotype four cell surface proteins (EpCAM, EGFR, HER2, HER3) in KRAS mutant (SW480) and WT (SW48) cells over a 24‐day time course of anti‐EGFR treatment with cetuximab. Cell phenotypes were obtained using Raman reporter‐coated and antibody‐conjugated gold nanoparticles (SERS nanotags), where a characteristic Raman spectrum was generated upon single laser excitation, reflecting the presence of the targeted surface marker proteins. Compared to the KRAS mutant cells, KRAS WT cells were more sensitive to anti‐EGFR treatment and displayed a significant decrease in HER2 and HER3 expression. The SERS results were validated with flow cytometry, confirming the SERS assay is promising as an alternative method for multiplexed characterization of cell surface biomarkers using a single laser excitation system.
Inhibitory effects of pH, salinity, and tea polyphenols concentration on the specific spoilage organisms isolated from lightly‐salted large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Guo Quan‐you , Shan Ke , Yang Xu , Jiang Chao‐jun , Zhu Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProteus vulgaris and Hafnia alvei were identified as specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) isolated from the refrigerated lightly‐salted large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). In this work, the inhibitory effects of pH, salinity, and tea polyphenols concentration on both strains were investigated. Modified Gompertz models were used to estimate the kinetic parameters μm (maximum specific growth rate) and λ (duration of lag phase) of the two strains under different conditions, demonstrating that their growth rates decreased with the decrease of pH as well as the increase of salinity and tea polyphenols concentration, and the growths of both strains stopped while the salinity and tea polyphenols concentration increased to 0.05 and 5%, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three‐level three‐factor Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the combination of these three antibacterial factors. The results showed that the optimum inhibitory conditions were: tea polyphenols concentration 0.05%, salinity 3.46%, and pH 6.96 to inhibit the growth of P. vulgaris; tea polyphenols concentration 0.05%, salinity 3.45%, and pH 6.94 to inhibit H. alvei. Validation experiments were performed and demonstrated that under these conditions, the growth of the two SSOs could be 100% inhibited. This research provided references for the inhibition of the SSOs of lightly‐salted large yellow croaker and the extension of its shelf life.
Modeling the B‐cell receptor signaling on single cell level reveals a stable network circuit topology between nonmalignant B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and between untreated cells and cells treated with kinase inhibitors
Authors: Wolf Christine , Maus Carsten , Persicke Michael R. O. , Filarsky Katharina , Tausch Eugen , Schneider Christof , Döhner Hartmut , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Lichter Peter , Höfer Thomas , Mertens Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractB‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling is central for the pathomechanism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and inhibitors of BCR signaling have substantially improved treatment options. To model malignant and nonmalignant BCR signaling, we quantified five components of BCR signaling (ZAP70/SYK, BTK, PLCγ2, AKT, ERK1/2) in single cells from primary human leukemic cells and from nonmalignant tissue. We measured signaling activity in a time‐resolved manner after stimulation with BCR crosslinking by anti‐IgM and/or anti‐CD19 and with or without inhibition of phosphatases with H2O2. The phosphorylation of BCR signaling components was increased in malignant cells compared to nonmalignant cells and in IGHV unmutated CLL cells compared to IGHV mutated CLL cells. Intriguingly, inhibition of phosphatases with H2O2 led to higher phosphorylation levels of BCR components in CLL cells with mutated IGHV compared to unmutated IGHV. We modeled the connectivity of the cascade components by correlating signal intensities across single cells. The network topology remained stable between malignant and nonmalignant cells. To additionally test for the impact of therapeutic compounds on the network topology, we challenged the BCR signaling cascade with inhibitors for BTK (ibrutinib), PI3K (idelalisib), LYN (dasatinib) and SYK (entospletinib). Idelalisib treatment resulted in similar effects in malignant and nonmalignant cells, whereas ibrutinib was mostly active on CLL cells. Idelalisib and ibrutinib had complementary effects on the BCR signaling cascade whose activity was further reduced upon dasatinib and entospletinib treatment. The characterization of the molecular circuitry of leukemic BCR signaling will allow a more refined targeting of this Achilles heel.
Clinical characteristics of patients with inguinal hernia mesh migration into the bladder
Authors: Akimoto Takahiro , Kakutani Shigenori , Kamei Jun , Kume Haruki , Fujimura Tetsuya , Enomoto Yutaka 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionWe report two cases of mesh migration into the bladder after inguinal hernia surgery.Case presentationIn the first case, a 48‐year‐old woman who underwent right internal inguinal hernia repair, 18 months prior, presented with pollakiuria and microscopic hematuria that was resistant to antibiotics. A submucosal tumor was detected at the bladder dome by cystoscopy, and transurethral resection was performed. Intraoperatively, a migrated mesh was observed in the submucosal lesion. In the second case, a 55‐year‐old man who underwent a right external inguinal hernia repair, approximately 14 years prior, presented with persistent microscopic hematuria and pyuria. Cystoscopy revealed mesh migration to the upper right bladder wall. Both patients underwent partial cystectomy with mesh removal, and their complaints were resolved after surgery.ConclusionMesh migration should be suspected in patients with a history of inguinal hernia repair, accompanied by persistent lower urinary tract symptoms or abnormal urinalysis findings.
Suicide attempts during adolescence: Testing the system dynamics of the interpersonal theory of suicide
Authors: Chung Saras , Hovmand Peter , McBride Amanda M. , Joiner Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite increased efforts to prevent suicide, attempts to die by suicide are rising amongst youth in the United States. Testing causal theories that depict suicide attempts from an adolescent development perspective could bolster prevention and intervention efforts. This study using system dynamics modeling to appraise whether a prevalent theory of suicide, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, predicts suicide attempts across adolescence.MethodsA system dynamics computational simulation model was conceptualized based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, as described by Joiner and Van Orden et al. This model was parameterized with representative longitudinal data on adolescents in the United States who attempted suicide across four waves from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent and Adult Health.ResultsThough able to predict exponential growth in suicide attempts for early adolescents, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, when specified as a dynamic theory, did not adequately predict the nonlinear changes in suicide attempts from adolescence into adulthood. The theory was amended with potential feedback loops from literature and tested for fit.ConclusionsThe study builds on a field of emerging views that suicide dynamics should be tested to account for nonlinear feedback effects. Results suggest that the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide should be amended to include the effect of interventions after an attempt and the dynamic developmental processes during adolescence that affect suicide behaviors over time.