bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rostral nasopharyngeal CT measurements in Chihuahuas and Pomeranians are smaller than those measured in Dachshunds
Authors: Wijsman Saffiera , ter Haar Gert , Hertog Erik den , Boroffka Susanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChihuahuas and Pomeranians are often afflicted with obstructive upper respiratory tract disease. Previous computed tomographic (CT) studies have described the dimensions and abnormalities of different parts of the upper respiratory tract in brachycephalic dogs. However, Chihuahuas and Pomeranians were not included. The objective of this study was to determine the transverse‐sectional (TSA) dimensions of the nasopharynx, cricoid, and trachea of Chihuahuas and Pomeranians, and investigate whether or not Chihuahuas and Pomeranians had smaller airway dimensions than another non‐brachycephalic breed (Dachshund). A retrospective, descriptive, single‐center cross‐sectional cohort study was performed. CT studies of 88 dogs were included (42 Chihuahuas, 29 Dachshunds, and 17 Pomeranians). The TSA of the rostral, mid, and caudal aspect of the nasopharynx, the cricoid and trachea at the level of C4 were determined. For all these locations, TSA/weight, nasopharynx/cricoid, nasopharynx/trachea, and cricoid/trachea ratios were determined. The rostral nasopharynx was the smallest part of the upper airways in Chihuahuas and Pomeranians. Chihuahuas had significantly smaller rostral nasopharynx TSA/weight ratios compared to Dachshunds (P < 0.0001). The rostral nasopharynx TSA/cricoid ratio and the rostral nasoharynx/trachea ratio for Chihuahuas were significantly smaller than both that of Pomeranians (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.00027) and Dachshunds (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.00084). Pomeranians had significantly smaller cricoid TSA/weight ratios compared to Chihuahuas (P = 0.0014) and Dachshunds (P = 0.00028). This study demonstrated that the nasopharynx is narrow in Chihuahuas and Pomeranians, with the smallest dimensions located at the rostral part of the nasopharynx.
Can CT texture analysis parameters be used as imaging biomarkers for prediction of malignancy in canine splenic tumors?
Authors: Choi Bo‐Kwon , Park Seungjo , Lee Gahyun , Chang Dongwoo , Jeon Sunghoon , Choi Jihye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSplenic hemangiosarcoma has morphological similarities to benign nodular hyperplasia. Computed tomography (CT) texture analysis can analyze the texture of images that the naive human eye cannot detect. Recently, there have been attempts to incorporate CT texture analysis with artificial intelligence in human medicine. This retrospective, analytical design study aimed to assess the feasibility of CT texture analysis in splenic masses and investigate predictive biomarkers of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. Parameters for dogs with hemangiosarcoma and nodular hyperplasia were compared, and an independent parameter that could differentiate between them was selected. Discriminant analysis was performed to assess the ability to discriminate the two splenic masses and compare the relative importance of the parameters. A total of 23 dogs were sampled, including 16 splenic nodular hyperplasia and seven hemangiosarcoma. In each dog, total 38 radiomic parameters were extracted from first‐, second‐, and higher‐order matrices. Thirteen parameters had significant differences between hemangiosarcoma and nodular hyperplasia. Skewness in the first‐order matrix and GLRLM_LGRE and GLZLM_ZLNU in the second, higher‐order matrix were determined as independent parameters. A discriminant equation consisting of skewness, GLZLM_LGZE, and GLZLM_ZLNU was derived, and the cross‐validation verification result showed an accuracy of 95.7%. Skewness was the most influential parameter for the discrimination of the two masses. The study results supported using CT texture analysis to help differentiate hemangiosarcoma from nodular hyperplasia in dogs. This new diagnostic approach can be used for developing future machine learning‐based texture analysis tools.
Facilitation–inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents in young and older adults
Authors: Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Fernandes Gabriel L. , Blazevich A. J. , Trajano Gabriel S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA well‐coordinated facilitation–inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) via diffuse neuromodulation and local inhibition is essential to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies. Present best estimates indicate that PICs are reduced in older adults; however, it is not yet known whether PIC facilitation–inhibition control is also altered with ageing. We investigated the responses of PICs to (i) a remote handgrip contraction, which is believed to diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, and (ii) tendon vibration of the antagonist muscle, which elicits reciprocal inhibition, in young and older adults. High‐density surface electromyograms were collected from soleus and tibialis anterior of 18 young and 26 older adults during triangular‐shaped plantar and dorsiflexion contractions to 20% (handgrip experiments) and 30% (vibration experiments) of maximum torque (rise‐decline rate of 2%/s). A paired‐motor‐unit analysis was used to calculate ∆F, which is assumed to be proportional to PIC strength. ΔF increased in both soleus (0.55 peaks per second (pps), 16.0%) and tibialis anterior (0.42 pps, 11.4%) after the handgrip contraction independent of age. Although antagonist tendon vibration reduced ΔF in soleus (0.28 pps, 12.6%) independent of age, less reduction was observed in older (0.42 pps, 10.7%) than young adults (0.72 pps, 17.8%) in tibialis anterior. Our data indicate a preserved ability of older adults to amplify PICs following a remote handgrip contraction, during which increased serotonergic input onto the motor neurones is expected, in both lower leg muscles. However, PIC deactivation in response to reciprocal inhibition was impaired with ageing in tibialis anterior despite being preserved in soleus.
imageKey points
Motor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) are facilitated via diffuse neuromodulation and deactivated by local inhibition to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies, allowing normal motor behaviour.
PIC amplitudes appear to be reduced with ageing; however, it is not known whether PIC facilitation–inhibition control is also altered.
Remote handgrip contraction, which should diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, facilitated PICs similarly in both soleus and tibialis anterior of young and older adults.
Antagonist tendon vibration, which induces reciprocal inhibition, reduced PICs in soleus in both young and older adults but had less effect in tibialis anterior in older adults.
Data from lower‐threshold motor units during low‐force contractions suggest that PIC facilitation is preserved with ageing in soleus and tibialis anterior. However, the effect of reciprocal inhibition on the contribution of PICs to motor neurone discharge seems reduced in tibialis anterior but preserved in soleus.
Effects of Blowing and Density Ratios on Unsteady Film Cooling Effectiveness Using Fast-Response Pressure-Sensitive Paint
Authors: Sounik Jeremy L. , Wright Lesley M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The transient effect of unsteady wakes on film cooling effectiveness using a fast response pressure sensitive paint (PSP) was studied. Testing was performed in a five-passage, low-speed wind tunnel using a scaled-up high pressure, blade profile. The blowing ratios studied include 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 with a density ratio of 1.0 and 1.5 at each blowing ratio. An upstream wake generator produced Strouhal numbers of 0.1 and 0.3 while the wind tunnel inlet mainstream Reynolds number was held at a constant value of 300,000 for every test case. The results in this paper confirm the overall time averaged reduction in film cooling effectiveness with the addition of an unsteady wake while providing more detailed information on the transient response of the film cooling effectiveness, presented in the form of film cooling effectiveness RMS values. Results show that film cooling effectiveness RMS values increase on the leading-edge region of the blade and show little change on the pressure side of the blade with an increase in the Strouhal number. On the suction side, the area-averaged effectiveness RMS values decrease for the 0.8 and 1.2 blowing ratios and remain unchanged for the 0.4 blowing ratio. A change in the density ratio of the coolant from 1.0 to 1.5 has a minimal effect on area-averaged effectiveness RMS values for all areas of the blade.
Analysis of Turbomachinery Averaging Techniques
Authors: Frey Christian , Ashcroft Graham , Müller Michael , Wellner Jens 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, various averaging techniques commonly used in turbomachinery applications are analyzed. It is shown how the work average relates to Miller’s mechanical work potential and that it is, in a certain way, consistent with Hartsel’s cooled turbine efficiency. It is found that a key to understand these approaches is to analyze the impact that entropy variations at inflows have on them. Second-order asymptotics of mixing entropy are used to establish a close relationship between flux and work averages. It is found that the mixing entropy asymptotic due to entropy modes is identical for both averages. The work average, along with Miller’s mechanical work potential analysis, is as optimistic as the entropy average for vorticity and acoustic modes, but as pessimistic as the flux averaging for entropy variations. This explains why mechanical work potential-based analysis is pessimistic about the inflow and thus optimistic about the efficiency of a turbine for high entropy variations in the inflow, e.g., in the presence of hot streaks or film cooling. Radial averaging techniques are discussed and their impact on turbine performance is shown. Our findings are illustrated by means of the analysis of steady and unsteady flow simulations of a 1.5 stage turbine configuration.
Effect of Membrane Load on the Stability of an Electrostatically Actuated Initially Curved Circular Micro Plate
Authors: Medina Lior 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of membrane load on the axisymmetric bistable behavior of circular curved micro plates are studied via an axisymmetric reduced order (RO) model, incorporating radial prestress. The model is based on Kirchhoff’s hypothesis and Föppl-von-Kármán’s kinematics. The model is first validated for a “mechanical” (displacement-independent) load, against an RO model with 20 degrees-of-freedom (DOF), a finite differences (FD) solution, and finally, a finite elements (FE) model, serving as the reference. All solutions implement the “Riks” continuation method to track unstable branches, which can swerve in a complex form due to the presence of higher buckling modes. A convergence study is carried out for the snap-through location and load, as well as for the critical elevation and prestress required for bistability. Based on the validated results of the mechanical analysis, the reliability of the model for predicting the effect of prestress on the plate behavior under nonlinear (displacement-dependent) electrostatic load is then investigated while using FD as the reference. The study furnishes an expended RO model for curved plates, which includes the effect of prestress. The resulting model can further be used to estimate the value of residual membrane load present in electrostatically actuated curved plates, as well as predict the threshold for bistability.
Wind Parameters Effects on Floating Solar Array Design – Case Study: Japan’s Largest Floating Solar Array
Authors: Honaryar Amir , Karimirad Madjid , Abbasnia Arash , Whittaker Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Floating solar energy is facing formidable challenges distinguish it from other marine systems. Wind parameters and wind/wave interaction effects strongly challenge the design and analysis of the floating solar systems. Having a broad area exposed to the wind in presence of the incident wave regime, the floating solar plant is highly affected by the wind parameters and wind/wave interaction. They are operating within the boundary layer of the wind flow close to the water free surface, where the viscous force is as important as the inertial force. Nevertheless, there is rather short research, standards, and guidelines associated with this emerging technology. This study is aimed at an assessment procedure to correlate wind parameters with floating solar array design. Hence, wind parameters such as speed and direction are identified to evaluate their impacts on the floating solar plant. Finally, some suggestions are stated for the design of floating solar system. Kyocera’s 13.7 MW floating project, Japan’s largest floating solar array that was damaged after Typhoon Faxai, is examined as a case study, and some suggestions on the main reasons behind this major incident are outlined.
Conceptual Design of a Concrete Multi-Column Floating Platform Supporting a 10 MW Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Hasan Muhammad S. , Munbua Wichuda , Malta Edgard B. , Gonçalves Rodolfo T. , Fujiyama Chikako , Maekawa Koichi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wind energy is clean, eco-friendly, economic, and infinite-resource. In reducing carbon emissions, onshore and offshore wind energy becomes one of the essential considerations. The purpose of this paper is to conceptually design a concrete semi-submersible floating structure for 10 MW wind turbine using precast panel-based concrete, i.e. a concrete floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). The design was applied by considering different parameters, such as main floater dimensions, thickness of the concrete panels, heave plate dimensions, draft of the platform, thick concrete portion at the connecting part between concrete floater and steel tower. The environmental conditions were taken from the Japanese coast, to analyze the dynamic behavior of the proposed concrete semi-submersible floater in waves and wind. A seawater ballast system was proposed for maintaining the draft of the platform during the operation and during the installation phase of the concrete FOWT. A parametric study was conducted based on some restrictions to check the feasible cases. A detailed comparison was presented for three cases and the best potential case was proposed. This paper successfully illustrated the hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and aerodynamic behavior to confirm the stability of the concrete floater for 10 MW FOWT.
A Three Degrees of Freedom Vibration Model for a Partially Installed Wind Turbine
Authors: Haselsteiner Andreas F. , Sander Aljoscha , Thoben Klaus-Dieter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most offshore wind turbines are installed using the so-called single blade installation procedure. This means that after the tower, nacelle, and hub are installed, the rotor blades are mounted individually. This process step is difficult and sometimes leads to delays because relative motions between the hub and rotor blade need to be small and predictable to enable the successful mounting of the blade. Previously published measurements showed that the tower vibrates in a motion where the nacelle moves in “orbits” that often change shape and axis direction. In this work, we present a simple vibration model that captures some characteristics of the tower dynamics. The model represents the tower and the nacelle as two planar rigid bodies that are connected with a torsional spring. It has three degrees of freedom: the first body’s motion in x- and y-direction and the second body’s rotation around the first body. An offset between the second body’s center of mass and its point of rotation couples the translation of the first body with the rotation of the second body. For some configurations of the parameters that describe mass distribution, stiffness, and geometry, the model produces motion similar to wind turbines during installation: orbits that change in shape and direction. These complex motions occur even without external forcing. For other configurations, however, the tower vibrates in a stationary orbit.
Hydrodynamic Performance of an Innovative Semisubmersible Platform With Twin Wind Turbines
Authors: Elobeid Mujahid , Tao Longbin , Ingram David , Pillai Ajit C. , Mayorga Pedro , Hanssen Jan Erik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The deployment of offshore wind turbines has focused primarily on shallow seas (such as the North Sea, Chinese coastal waters, and the New England coast) using bottom fixed foundations. However, much of the world’s offshore wind resource lies in deeper waters where bottom-fixed foundations are not suitable, and floating platforms must be utilised. To date, the majority of floating concepts have been developed to support a single wind turbine. This leads to a high capital cost for each individual platform and consequently a high levelised cost of energy.
The W2Power platform (developed by EnerOcean S.L, Spain) currently supports a pair of 6 MW wind turbines on outward-leaning towers. The design significantly reduces the cost per installed MW, increases the structure’s natural period, added mass, and radiation damping. The platform, patented in 2009, was the world’s first twin-turbine platform and the first to be demonstrated at sea (2019).
This paper presents the hydrodynamics of a 1:40 scale model of the W2Power platform using the well-known OrcaFlex software. The analysis has been carried out under extreme and operational conditions, and the resulting hydrodynamic loads and motion response are presented.
The mooring system was found to be sensitive to wave direction, particularly when propagating along the current direction. Furthermore, the results showed advantages in the hydrodynamic responses for the W2Power platform as an innovative floating system.
Probabilistic Assessment of the Effect of Bolt Pre-Load Loss Over Time in Offshore Wind Turbine Bolted Ring-Flanges Using a Gaussian Process Surrogate Model
Authors: Jorgensen Jack , Hodkiewicz Melinda , Cripps Edward , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Achieving and maintaining a suitable level of bolt pre-load is critical to ensure structural reliability under the Fatigue Limit State for bolted ring-flanges in offshore wind turbine structures. Bolt pre-load is likely to vary over lifetime, with re-tensioning applied if relaxation exceeds design guideline allowance. An approach to assess the influence of varying bolt pre-load may be useful in the operational context. Recent work has demonstrated the suitability of a Gaussian Process surrogate model to emulate Finite Element Method structural simulations models of bolted ring-flanges, with computational efficiency gains. In this paper we predict cumulative fatigue damage in bolts over time, given uncertainty in bolt pre-load estimation, using a Gaussian Process surrogate model. We perform Structural Reliability Analysis to deliver approximations of annual Probability of Failure and the Reliability Index, under the Fatigue Limit State. Our approximations are compared to targets defined in relevant design standards. Furthermore, we incorporate observations, and maintenance actions, in updating the Structural Reliability Analysis during operation, and suggest practical applications of this method to inform inspection and maintenance practices.
Joint Extremes of Waves and Currents at Tidal Energy Sites in the English Channel
Authors: Mackay Ed B. L. , Hardwick Jon P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Efficient and resilient design of tidal turbines requires knowledge of the environmental conditions which they will be exposed to over the course of their design life. Several sites in the English Channel have been identified by technology developers for potential deployments of tidal farms. These sites are exposed to strong tidal currents and large wave conditions. At sites of interest for tidal energy extraction, the largest currents are primarily driven by astronomical forcing and can be predicted from harmonic analysis of relatively short datasets. In contrast, wave conditions are stochastic in nature and require long hindcasts to accurately estimate extreme conditions. Moreover, at sites relevant to tidal energy, currents have a significant influence on the wave conditions. This necessitates that extremes of waves and currents are assessed using joint probabilistic models, in order to specify combinations of waves and currents to be used in the structural design of tidal turbines. In this work we use a coupled wave-current model of the English Channel to create a 31-year hindcast of conditions. We examine the joint distribution of wave and current conditions for tidal energy sites near the Isle of Wight (UK) and in the Alderney Race, off the coast of France. We construct 3D environmental contours of current speed, significant wave height and relative direction between the waves and currents. It is shown that the largest waves occur when waves and currents are in opposing directions. The directional misalignment between waves and currents is examined and the potential impact that this may have on the design of tidal turbines is discussed.
Development of 12MW Cross-Shaped Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Matsuoka Ryo , Takeda Takashi , Kusumoto Hiroki , Kuwada Shu , Yoshimoto Haruki , Kamizawa Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We are developing cross-shaped semi-submersible floating structure composed of simple and lean stiffened plate structure. In this paper, we introduce the features and development studies of our 12MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine. First, we introduce the main features of it. Second, we introduce the tank test of it, the purpose of which is verifying the behavior under the condition only wave load is applied. As a result of tank test, we verified motion response which is calculated by numerical calculation tool based on potential theory is well reasonable. Third, we introduce the initial structural analysis, the purpose of it is to decide initial scantling. Finally, we introduce the coupled analysis of our 12MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine. Concerning the model of coupled analysis, we verified it from the several points of view. We verified the motion response of it under the condition that only wave load is applied. Compared to the result of numerical calculation and tank test, we confirmed motion response of coupled analysis model is valid. We also confirmed the natural frequency of the whole structure and the displacement due to both rigid motion and elastic deformation are reasonable compared to the result of FEM analysis. Then, we performed the coupled analysis under the condition that both wave load and wind load are applied considering the effect of turbine’s operation.