bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and exogenous estrogen in a transgender female
Authors: Hirsch Kellen , Yogeswaran Vidhushei , Dean Larry S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report the case of a 37‐year‐old transgender patient with a history of orchiectomy on gender‐affirming estrogen therapy who was hospitalized with an acute onset of chest pain with a resolution shortly after the presentation. On presentation, the patient had a rapid rise in troponin level and was urgently taken to the cardiac catheterization lab where spontaneous coronary artery dissection was diagnosed and treated with cutting balloon angioplasty and medical management. After a multidisciplinary discussion, the only notable risk factor was estrogen supplementation after gender reassignment surgery. To our knowledge, this is the only report of a male to female transgender patient reported to have spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
Radical Reactivity of the Biradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P⋅] and Isolation of a Persistent Phosphorus‐Cantered Monoradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P‐Et]
Authors: Rosenboom Jan , Chojetzki Lukas , Suhrbier Tim , Rabeah Jabor , Villinger Alexander , Wustrack Ronald , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe activation of C−Br bonds in various bromoalkanes by the biradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P⋅] (1) (Ter=2,6‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐phenyl) is reported, yielding trans‐addition products of the type [Br−P(μ‐NTer)2P−R] (2), so‐called 1,3‐substituted cyclo‐1,3‐diphospha‐2,4‐diazanes. This addition reaction, which represents a new easy approach to asymmetrically substituted cyclo‐1,3‐diphospha‐2,4‐diazanes, was investigated mechanistically by different spectroscopic methods (NMR, EPR, IR, Raman); the results suggested a stepwise radical reaction mechanism, as evidenced by the in‐situ detection of the phosphorus‐centered monoradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P‐R].< To provide further evidence for the radical mechanism, [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P‐Et] (3Et⋅) was synthesized directly by reduction of the bromoethane addition product [Br‐P(μ‐NTer)2P‐Et] (2 a) with magnesium, resulting in the formation of the persistent phosphorus‐centered monoradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P‐Et], which could be isolated and fully characterized, including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Comparison of the EPR spectrum of the radical intermediate in the addition reaction with that of the synthesized new [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P‐Et] radical clearly proves the existence of radicals over the course of the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P⋅] (1) with bromoethane. Extensive DFT and coupled cluster calculations corroborate the experimental data for a radical mechanism in the reaction of biradical [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P⋅] with EtBr. In the field of hetero‐cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyls, the demonstration of a stepwise radical reaction represents a new aspect and closes the gap between P‐centered biradicals and P‐centered monoradicals in terms of radical reactivity.
Investigation of micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) using rhamnolipid for heavy metal removal from desalter effluent
Authors: Munoz‐Cupa Carlos , Bassi Amarjeet , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe removal of heavy metals from desalter effluent is an important issue due to the toxicity of these pollutants. In this study, micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is applied for the removal of heavy metals from synthetic desalter effluent. MEUF is a process in which surfactants above their critical micellar concentration (CMC) form micelles. Micelles bind compounds with low molecular weight; then, these are rejected by a semi‐permeable membrane. Rhamnolipid is an anionic biosurfactant that has advantages such as biodegradability and low CMC. Rhamnolipid complexation with synthetic desalter effluent demonstrates high efficiency for heavy metal removal. The highest overall removal efficiency was reached at a rhamnolipid concentration of 300 mg/L with 94.07%, 81.93%, 99.81%, 76.00%, and 41.91% for Zn+2, Mg+2, Cu+2, Mn+2, and Na+, respectively. Additionally, loading capacity on rhamnolipid micelles was evaluated to have better selectivity for Mn+2 > Cu+2 > Zn+2 > Mg+2 > Na+. Also, the results showed that phenol has a significant effect on heavy metal removal, decreasing CMC, which increases micelles. Finally, the permeate flux decreases after increasing the rhamnolipid concentration due to the formation of the gel layer, creating an additional resistance to the permeate flux that goes through the membrane. This work shows that MEUF with rhamnolipid is a reliable method for heavy metal removal from desalter effluent.
“Sustainability Make‐It‐Yourself” – the Environmental‐Make@thon as an innovative science communication format
Authors: Amel Henning , Schmidt Johann , Kreienhop Nils , Beeken Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHinsichtlich der Corona‐Pandemie in den frühen 2020er‐Jahren erforderte Bildung (nicht nur) im naturwissenschaftlichen Bereich ein methodisches und didaktisches Neudenken. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Umwelt‐Make@thon konzipiert, erstmalig durchgeführt und evaluiert. Die Teilnehmenden setzten sich eine Woche intensiv mit der Plastikmüll‐ und Mikroplastikthematik auseinander und entwarfen innovative Kampagnen zur Lösung des Plastikmüllproblems. Als digitales und innovatives Wissenschaftskommunikationsformat stellt der Umwelt‐Make@thon nicht nur ein kreativitätsförderndes, lernenden‐ und handlungsorientiertes Umfeld dar, sondern wird zudem der gesellschaftlichen Relevanz von Nachhaltigkeitsbildung gerecht.
Effect of air filtration on house dust mite, cat and dog allergens and particulate matter in homes
Authors: Maya‐Manzano José María , Pusch Gudrun , Ebner von Eschenbach Cordula , Bartusel Elke , Belzner Thomas , Karg Erwin , Bardolatzy Ulrich , Scheja Michael , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten , Buters Jeroen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndoor allergens (i.e. from mite, cat and dog) are carried by airborne particulate matter. Thus, removal of particles would reduce allergen exposure. This work aims to assess the performance of air filtration on particulate matter and thus allergen removal in 22 bedrooms.MethodsIndoor air was sampled (with and without air filtration) with a cascade impactor and allergens were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Particulate matter (including ultrafine particles) was also monitored.ResultsThe median of allergen reduction was 75.2% for Der f 1 (p < 0.001, n = 20), 65.5% for Der p 1 (p = 0.066, n = 4), 76.6% for Fel d 1 (p < 0.01, n = 21) and 89.3% for Can f 1 (p < 0.01, n = 10). For size fractions, reductions were statistically significant for Der f 1 (all p < 0.001), Can f 1 (PM>10 and PM2.5–10, p < 0.01) and Fel d 1 (PM2.5–10, p < 0.01), but not for Der p 1 (all p > 0.05). PM was reduced in all fractions (p < 0.001). The allergens were found in all particle size fractions, higher mite allergens in the PM>10 and for pet allergens in the PM2.5–10.ConclusionsAir filtration was effective in removing mites, cat and dog allergens and also particulate matter from ambient indoor air, offering a fast and simple solution to mitigate allergen exposome.
Dynamic threshold strategy optimization for security protection in Internet of Things: An adversarial deep learning‐based game‐theoretical approach
Authors: Chen Lili , Wang Zhen , Wu Jintao , Guo Yunchuan , Li Fenghua , Li Zifu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs mobile communications, the Internet, databases, distributed computing, and other technologies continue to develop, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as prevalent technique. However, attacks on security and sensitive data in IoT occur frequently, and these attacks often evade intrusion detection systems strategically by mutating their traffic. To prevent security threats and sensitive data leakage, we propose a game approach based on adversarial deep learning to optimize a dynamic security threshold strategy. We introduce a mobile edge computing framework and utilize a game model to describe the adversarial interaction between the two participants. To solve the complexity of the game problem to gain dynamically randomized adversarial attacks, we present a column generation (CG) framework, which uses a feedforward neural network to quantify data flowing through IoT devices. Considering the limited resources of IoT devices, we calculate an optimal response to cyberattacks via a particle swarm optimization algorithm, aiming to reduce the false alarm rate. The adversarial dynamic threshold (ADT)‐based column generation (CG‐ADT) algorithm generates the set of detection threshold and the probability. Finally, we present the results of experiments conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed dynamic threshold scheme for sensitive data security protection in IoT and its suitability for implementation in production systems.
Light‐Induced Synthesis of Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Functionalized Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Highly Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Zhidong , Zhang Hongxia , Zhao Jianghong , Shi Hu , Liu Yiming , Yang Hengquan , Yang Pengju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 reduction into fuels and chemicals has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, oxygen‐vacancies‐functionalized Ni(OH)2 (OVs−Ni(OH)2) nanosheets are synthesized by a photochemical method to serve as a catalyst for CO2 reduction. Characterization reveals that COOH* is the key intermediate for CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction. Experimental results and theoretical calculations confirm that OVs modification can greatly modulate the interaction strength between the OVs−Ni(OH)2 and CO2, while lowering the energy barrier for COOH* formation, thereby preferentially facilitating CO2 reduction. As a result, the OVs−Ni(OH)2 catalyst exhibits outstanding activity and selectivity for CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction with visible light. A CO evolution rate of 31.58 μmol h−1 (0.35 mg catalyst, 90228 μmol h−1 g−1) with a selectivity of 98 % over OVs−Ni(OH)2 was achieved, outperforming most analogous reported catalysts. Moreover, even under a low CO2 concentration of 0.04 % (representative of the CO2 concentration in air) and low reaction temperature (273 K, 0 °C), this catalyst can still trigger CO2 reduction. This work provides a new method to synthesize OVs−Ni(OH)2 catalysts for efficient CO2 reduction and establishes a relationship between the OVs and the catalytic activity, which may guide the design of highly selective CO2 reduction catalysts.
Rare Earth‐Based Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors: Preparation, Structure Engineering and Application
Authors: He Yao , Zhou Weiqiang , Xu Jingkun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs) can effectively alleviate problems such as energy shortage and serious greenhouse effect. The properties of electrode materials directly affect the performance of SCs. Rare earth (RE) is known as “modern industrial vitamins”, and their functional materials have been listed as key strategic materials. In the past few years, the number of scientific reports on RE‐based nanomaterials for SCs has increased rapidly, confirming that adding RE elements or compounds to the host electrode materials with various nanostructured morphologies can greatly enhance their electrochemical performance. Although RE‐based nanomaterials have made rapid progress in SCs, there are very few works providing a comprehensive survey of this field. In view of this, a comprehensive overview of RE‐based nanomaterials for SCs is provided here, including the preparation methods, nanostructure engineering, compounds, and composites, along with their capacitance performances. The structure–activity relationships are discussed and highlighted. Meanwhile, the future challenges and perspectives are also pointed out. This Review can not only provide guidance for the further development of SCs but also arouse great interest in RE‐based nanomaterials in other research fields such as electrocatalysis, photovoltaic cells, and lithium batteries.
Design and analysis of a speed controller for fractional‐order‐modeled voltage‐source‐inverter‐fed induction motor drive
Authors: Adigintla Sudheer , Aware Mohan V. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis paper presents the fractional‐order voltage‐source‐inverter‐controlled induction machine (FO‐VSI‐IM) model extraction and integration to improve the closed‐loop speed control performance of variable speed drives. In the operating range of variable speed drive, it is susceptible to load disturbance and speed tracking error. This paper provides the practical approach to obtain the fractional‐order model of VSI‐fed induction motor (IM) drive by using PWM signal injection technique. The injected PWM signals and speed encoder response signals are recorded using the dSPACE 1104 platform. This model is used in constructing the closed‐loop speed control of VSI‐IM with designed integer‐order PI speed controller. The comparative performance is evaluated for FO‐VSI‐IM and integer‐order voltage‐source‐inverter‐controlled induction machine (IO‐VSI‐IM) with feed‐forward gain variations and load disturbances. It is observed that the robust speed tracking capability with the controller designed using the FO‐VSI‐IM model over the controller with IO‐VSI‐IM model under load disturbances. The improvement in speed tracking with less control effort in the FO‐VSI‐IM model is advantageous in field‐oriented control (FOC) drives.
Deficient DNASE1L3 facilitates neutrophil extracellular traps‐induced invasion via cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase and the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway in diabetic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Na , Zheng Xue , Chen Mianrong , Huang Li , Chen Li , Huo Rui , Li Xiaotong , Huang Yucan , Sun Mingwen , Mai Suiqing , Wu Zhuoyi , Zhang Hui , Liu Jinbao , Yang Chun‐tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have high mortality and metastasis rates. Diabetic conditions promote neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) generation, which mediates HCC metastasis and invasion. However, whether and how diabetes‐induced NETs trigger HCC invasion is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to observe the effects of diabetes‐induced NETs on HCC invasion and investigate mechanisms relevant to a DNA sensor cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS).MethodsSerum from diabetic patients and healthy individuals was collected. Human neutrophil‐derived NETs were isolated for stimulating HCC cell invasion. Data from the SEER and TCGA databases were used for bioinformatics analysis. In HCC cells and allograft models, NETs‐triggered invasion was observed.ResultsDiabetic HCC patients had poorer survival than non‐diabetic ones. Either diabetic serum or extracted NETs caused HCC invasion. Induction of diabetes or NETosis elicited HCC allograft invasion in nude mice. HCC cell invasion was attenuated by the treatment with DNase1. In TCGA_LIHC, an extracellular DNase DNASE1L3 was downregulated in tumor tissues, while function terms (the endocytic vesicle membrane, the NF‐κB pathway and extracellular matrix disassembly) were enriched. DNASE1L3 knockdown in LO2 hepatocytes or H22 cell‐derived allografts facilitated HCC invasion in NETotic or diabetic nude mice. Moreover, exposure of HCC cells to NETs upregulated cGAS and the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway and induced expression of metastasis genes (MMP9 and SPP1). Both cGAS inhibitor and NF‐κB RELB knockdown diminished HCC invasion caused by NETs DNA. Also, cGAS inhibitor was able to retard translocation of NF‐κB RELB.ConclusionDefective DNASE1L3 aggravates NETs DNA‐triggered HCC invasion on diabetic conditions via cGAS and the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway.
Multi‐hoped cooperative communication‐based wireless underground sensor network design
Authors: Kanthavel R. , Indra Priyadharshini S. , Sudha D. , Sundara Velrani K. , Dhaya R. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryDeepwater utilization and underwater sound communication with inadequate bandwidth, elongated propagation interruption, signal failure issues, and sensor node malfunction due to ecological circumstances are the limitations of the underwater wireless sensor network. Further, the challenges in underground wireless sensor network (WSN) include superior bandwidth, high power expenses, information handling, and cross‐layer design. On the other hand, cooperative communications facilitate competent employment of communication resources, by permitting nodes in a network to work together in information communication. As wireless sensor networks adapt to multi‐hop transmission in high data traffic, there is a high demand for achieving energy efficiency. Moreover, in the course of proximity nodes to the sink, an energy hole is started for the extended network lifetime. This paper proposes the design of multi‐hoped cooperative communication‐based wireless underground sensor networks that guarantees energy efficiency in a hostile environment. In addition, network coverage and connectivity improvement are also improved by this proposed design.
Species pool size and rainfall account for the relationship between biodiversity and biomass production in natural forests of China
Authors: Liu Jia‐Jia , Burgess Kevin S. , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe strength of biodiversity–biomass production relationships increases with increasing environmental stress and time. However, we know little about the effects of abiotic (e.g., climate) and biotic (e.g., species pool and community composition) factors on this trend. Whether variation in biomass production is best explained by phylogenetic diversity metrics or traditional measures of species richness also remains elusive. We compiled estimates of community composition and biomass production for tree species in 111 permanent quadrats spanning three natural forests (tropical, subtropical, and temperate) in China. Based on ~10 years of data, we compared temperature, rainfall, species pool size, and community composition in each forest each year. We estimated species richness and phylogenetic diversity in each quadrat each year; the latter metric was based on the sum of branch lengths of a phylogeny that connects species in each quadrat each year. Using generalized linear mixed‐effect models, we found that top‐ranked models included the interaction between forest and biodiversity and the interaction between forest and year for both biodiversity metrics. Variation in biomass production was best explained by phylogenetic diversity; biomass production generally increased with phylogenetic diversity, and the relationship was stronger in subtropical and temperate forests. Increasing species pool size, temperature, and rainfall and decreasing inter‐quadrat dissimilarity range shifted the relationship between biomass production and phylogenetic diversity from positive to neutral. When considered alone, species pool size had the strongest influence on biomass production, while species pool size, rainfall, and their interaction with phylogenetic diversity constituted the top‐ranked model. Our study highlights the importance of species pool size and rainfall on the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and biomass production in natural forest ecosystems.
Geographical location and cultivar‐linked changes on chemical properties of olive oils from Algeria
Authors: Touati Said , Acila Smail , Boujnah Dalenda , Chehab Hechmi , Ayadi Mohamed , Debouba Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we are assessing the geographical origin and cultivar‐related changes on olive oil quality and composition in East Algeria. Fruits from the main local olive varieties (Sigoise and Chemlal) were harvested in autumn 2019 growing season from three different geographic areas: semiarid (Setif), arid (Batna), and Saharan (Eloued). Obtained results showed that Chemlal and Sigoise olive oils from Eloued area were the most enriched in tocopherols and phenolic contents, respectively. Sigoise olive oil from Batna area showed the highest values of pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls). Identified fatty acids using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) indicated that Chemlal cultivar olive oil from Batna was the most enriched in saturated fatty acid. However, higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid were recorded for olive from Eloued and Setif areas. Sigoise cultivar oil displayed higher contents of unsaturated fatty acid in Batna, but higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid from Eloued location. These outcomes highlighted an actual impact of geographical location on each cultivar olive oil chemical proprieties. According to these data and relative to the International Olive Council (IOC) standards, all the analyzed olive oils could be categorized as extra virgin olive oils. Overall, statistical analysis showed that physicochemical parameters were influenced by the cultivar, the region of collection, as well as the interactions between them.
Neutralization and receptor use of infectious culture–derived rat hepacivirus as a model for HCV
Authors: Wolfisberg Raphael , Thorselius Caroline E. , Salinas Eduardo , Elrod Elizabeth , Trivedi Sheetal , Nielsen Louise , Fahnøe Ulrik , Kapoor Amit , Grakoui Arash , Rice Charles M. , Bukh Jens , Holmbeck Kenn , Scheel Troels K. H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Lack of tractable immunocompetent animal models amenable to robust experimental challenge impedes vaccine efforts for HCV. Infection with rodent hepacivirus from Rattus norvegicus (RHV‐rn1) in rats shares HCV‐defining characteristics, including liver tropism, chronicity, and pathology. RHV in vitro cultivation would facilitate genetic studies on particle production, host factor interactions, and evaluation of antibody neutralization guiding HCV vaccine approaches.

Approach and Results
We report an infectious reverse genetic cell culture system for RHV‐rn1 using highly permissive rat hepatoma cells and adaptive mutations in the E2, NS4B, and NS5A viral proteins. Cell culture–derived RHV‐rn1 particles (RHVcc) share hallmark biophysical characteristics of HCV and are infectious in mice and rats. Culture adaptive mutations attenuated RHVcc in immunocompetent rats, and the mutations reverted following prolonged infection, but not in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, suggesting that adaptive immune pressure is a primary driver of reversion. Accordingly, sera from RHVcc‐infected SCID mice or the early acute phase of immunocompetent mice and rats were infectious in culture. We further established an in vitro RHVcc neutralization assay, and observed neutralizing activity of rat sera specifically from the chronic phase of infection. Finally, we found that scavenger receptor class B type I promoted RHV‐rn1 entry in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
The RHV‐rn1 infectious cell culture system enables studies of humoral immune responses against hepacivirus infection. Moreover, recapitulation of the entire RHV‐rn1 infectious cycle in cell culture will facilitate reverse genetic studies and the exploration of tropism and virus–host interactions.