bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish assemblage response to removal of a low‐head dam in the lower reach of a tropical island river
Authors: Cancel Villamil Johann J. , Locke Sean A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Dams are often removed from rivers to restore habitat connectivity for biota such as fish. Removal of inland dams is well studied in temperate mainland rivers but this approach has been little studied in fish assemblages in islands, tropic systems, or for dams near the mouth of the river. In Puerto Rico, one of the most intensively dammed territories in the world, all native river fishes migrate between fresh water and the sea, and previous work shows that these movements are impeded or blocked by dams.

Fish assemblages were compared before and after removal of the Cambalache dam, a porous, low‐head structure near the mouth of the Río Grande de Arecibo, as well as in two other rivers in western Puerto Rico, one with a similarly sized and positioned dam, and one reference river without artificial barriers. Fish were sampled using backpack electrofishing on 39 occasions during 2017–2019, including seven samples collected after removal of the Cambalache dam, at four to six sites per river.

Fish assemblages upstream from dams were poorer in species, and species richness showed a marginal tendency (p = 0.0515) to increase upstream of the Cambalache dam 3 months after its removal. The two small lowland dams studied herein limited the upstream extent of marine species, which recolonised upstream sites of the Río Grande de Arecibo after removal of the Cambalache dam. An estimate of relative density (catch per unit effort) of common native freshwater species was higher above these two dams, and decreased at upstream sites after removal of the Cambalache dam. The estimated relative density of a native freshwater species that is of conservation concern, the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), was reduced above dams, and increased upstream of the former Cambalache dam after its removal.

In extensive surveys conducted previously in Puerto Rico, sampling was concentrated higher in the catchment, and native fishes were more common and abundant below than above dams. The present work was conducted near the river mouth, and opposite results were observed. These contrasting results suggest that the effects of dams (or dam removal) on fish assemblages vary along the river gradient, although data from other systems are needed to confirm this.

The present results suggest low‐head dam removal to be a viable method of restoring connectivity in fish assemblages in lower reaches of rivers in Puerto Rico and, potentially, other tropical islands. Removal of dams near the mouth of the river appears to be of particular benefit to marine fish species that use lower river reaches.
An integrated approach to assessing abiotic and biotic threats to post‐fire plant species recovery: Lessons from the 2019–2020 Australian fire season
Authors: Gallagher Rachael V. , Allen Stuart P. , Mackenzie Berin D. E. , Keith David A. , Nolan Rachael H. , Rumpff Libby , Gosper Carl R. , Pegg Geoffrey , van Leeuwen Stephen , Ooi Mark K. J. , Yates Colin J. , Merow Cory , Williams Richard J. , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Beaumont Linda J. , Auld Tony D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimExisting abiotic and biotic threats to plant species (e.g., disease, drought, invasive species) affect their capacity to recover post‐fire. We use a new, globally applicable framework to assess the vulnerability of 26,062 Australian plant species to a suite of active threats after the 2019–2020 fires.LocationAustralia.Time period2019–2020.Major species studiedPlants.MethodsSpatial data for existing threats and information on species‐level susceptibility were combined with estimates of the extent of range burnt in southern Australia (> 22°S) to assign species against 10 criteria into vulnerability categories (high, medium, low, none, data deficient). We explore in detail results for three threats (drought, disease, feral animals), highlighting where impacts from multiple threats ranked high vulnerability may compound to reduce post‐fire recovery.ResultsAnalysis of the full suite of 10 vulnerability criteria, which encompass a broad range of threats, revealed large numbers of species vulnerable to poor post‐fire recovery from one or more different hazards (high vulnerability: 1,243 species; medium vulnerability: 2,450 species). Collectively, 457 plant species that burnt extensively (> 50%) across their range are highly vulnerable to poor recovery due to exposure to pre‐fire drought conditions (235 species), disease (186 species), or feral animals (97 species). Of these 457 species, 61 are vulnerable to more than one of these three threats, highlighting how a suite of interacting hazards can impact plant recovery after fire.Main conclusionsWhile fire can renew plant populations by stimulating recruitment and resetting competitive interactions, the presence of existing threats in post‐fire landscapes jeopardizes recovery. The simultaneous impact of multiple threats that impact recovery can create a suite of hazards that contribute to declines and, potentially, extinction. Our method for rapid post‐fire vulnerability assessment can be applied to large numbers of plant species or other biota in fire affected regions globally.
Limited health literacy increases the risk of frailty among community‐dwelling older adults: Longitudinal findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Shin Heyri , Kim Sukyung , Lee Hee Yun , Kim Young Sun 
Published: March 2022

AimDespite the growing recognition of the importance of health literacy, there is a lack of knowledge on the longitudinal association between health literacy and frailty. The present study explored whether limited health literacy increases the risk of developing pre‐frailty and frailty among older adults.MethodsData were drawn from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, a nationwide, population‐based prospective cohort study of community‐dwelling older Koreans. A baseline sample of 2808 adults aged 70–84 years was analyzed for the cross‐sectional models, and 2278 participants in the 2‐year follow‐up assessment were included for the longitudinal analyses. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relative risk ratios of pre‐frailty or frailty, where a robust group served as the reference category.ResultsThe findings showed that baseline limited health literacy was associated with an approximately 1.4‐fold increased risk of developing pre‐frailty after 2 years, even after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and health status. However, the longitudinal association between health literacy and frailty was not significant after adjusting for health‐related factors.ConclusionsOur findings point to the importance of promoting health literacy among older adults, and provide preliminary evidence that can inform the development of tailored public health strategies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 325–331.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the worsening crisis of chronic kidney disease: the imperative to fund early detection is now
Authors: Dwyer Karen M. , Sum Caitlin , Johnson David W 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number of Australians affected by kidney disease will increase as the impacts of COVID‐19 infection on kidney health are realised. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes significant health and economic burdens from dialysis costs, loss of employment, premature death and increased admissions to hospital. Screening for kidney disease must be integrated into post‐COVID‐19 care; however, currently there is no reimbursement for kidney health checks in primary care. Early detection can reduce the progression of CKD by as much as 50% and thus the imperative to fund the Kidney Health Check is now.
Cobalt‐catalyzed tunable carbon microstructures from halogenated SiC preceramic precursors
Authors: Tamayo Aitana , Rodriguez Mª Angeles , Rubio Fausto , Rubio Juan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbide‐derived carbons (CDCs) with highly graphitized domains, linear, oval‐shaped, and barrel‐like structures have been prepared from a silicon carbide preceramic precursor containing catalytic amounts of cobalt. The chlorination temperature as well as the amount of catalysts will determine the specific surface area, pore size, and morphology of the obtained carbons. At low chlorination temperature, an amorphous network with significant amount of double or single oxygenated bonds was obtained. At 700 and 800°C both linear graphitic domains and barrel‐like carbon dominate the microstructure with an increased presence of microporosity. There barrel‐like structures provided increased specific capacitance, although the high anisotropy of the structure compromises the energy density of the device. At 900°C, despite the disappearance of this cropped surface, the hierarchical pore distribution and low O content also induce an increase of the specific capacitance of the CDC samples regardless of their high percentage of micropores.
Self‐affirmation reduces uncertainty aversion for potential gains
Authors: Weller Joshua A. , Vineyard Jared , Klein William M. P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecisions about one’s health are often accompanied by uncertain outcomes, which may be either positively or negatively valenced. The presence of this uncertainty, which can range along a continuum from risk to ambiguity (i.e., decisions in which the outcome probabilities are known or unknown), can be perceived as threatening, and individuals tend to be averse to uncertain outcomes, attempting to avoid uncertainty when possible. We proposed that one way to reduce uncertainty aversion could be to provide opportunities to affirm one’s core values, or “self‐affirmation.” Prior research has suggested that self‐affirmation promotes health behavior by providing a buffer against potential threats to the self. However, the degree to which self‐affirmation affects decision making is still unclear. Across two studies, we tested the effects of a self‐affirmation manipulation on risk (Study 1) and ambiguity (Study 2) preferences for both potential gains and losses. In both studies, we found that, compared to the non‐affirmed group, affirmed individuals were more accepting of uncertainty when the decision involved potential gains, but not for potential losses. Furthermore, for risky decisions, the increased acceptance of uncertainty came at the expense of making choices consistent with the expected value, such that self‐affirmed individuals made more disadvantageous choices than non‐affirmed individuals. Our results suggest both benefits and costs of self‐affirmation in the context of risky choice, an important finding has given the many applications of self‐affirmation in behavioral decision‐making contexts.
Examining the relationship between subjective wellbeing and emotional eating in adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Onur Edibe E. , K. Muslu Gonca , Manav Gülay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between subjective wellbeing and emotional eating in adolescents.MethodsA total of 231 high school students completed a demographic questionnaire and two scales; the emotional eating scale adapted for use in children and adolescents and the adolescent subjective wellbeing scale.ResultsThe data showed negative and very weak relationships between the unsettled emotional state subscale of the emotional eating scale and the positive emotional state subscale (−0.146), the satisfaction with life subscale (−0.143), and the adolescent subjective wellbeing total score (−0.146). Adolescents' body perceptions, their family types, family income levels, and other variables had an impact on their state of subjective wellbeing, and variables such as gender and their father's level of education had an effect on their emotional eating.ConclusionsEmotional eating in adolescence can become a barrier to an individual's assuming future roles and responsibilities. Due to these risks, it is important to identify and reinforce the factors that help adolescents adapt and improve their subjective wellbeing.
Analyses of erythropoiesis from embryonic stem cell‐CD34+ and cord blood‐CD34+ cells reveal mechanisms for defective expansion and enucleation of embryomic stem cell‐erythroid cells
Authors: Wang Shihui , Zhao Huizhi , Zhang Huan , Gao Chengjie , Guo Xinhua , Chen Lixiang , Lobo Cheryl , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , Zhang Shijie , An Xiuli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) generated ex vivo have the potential to be used for transfusion. Human embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) possess unlimited self‐renewal capacity and are the preferred cell sources to be used for ex vivo RBC generation. However, their applications are hindered by the facts that the expansion of ES/iPS‐derived erythroid cells is limited and the enucleation of ES/iPS‐derived erythroblasts is low compared to that derived from cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB). To address this, we sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms by comparing the in vitro erythropoiesis profiles of CB CD34+ and ES CD34+ cells. We found that the limited expansion of ES CD34+ cell‐derived erythroid cells was associated with defective cell cycle of erythroid progenitors. In exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the impaired enucleation of ES CD34+ cell‐derived orthochromatic erythroblasts (ES‐ortho), we found the chromatin of ES‐ortho was less condensed than that of CB CD34+ cell‐derived orthochromatic erythroblasts (CB‐ortho). At the molecular level, both RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq analyses revealed that pathways involved in chromatin modification were down‐regulated in ES‐ortho. Additionally, the expression levels of molecules known to play important role in chromatin condensation or/and enucleation were significantly lower in ES‐ortho compared to that in CB‐ortho. Together, our findings have uncovered mechanisms for the limited expansion and impaired enucleation of ES CD34+ cell‐derived erythroid cells and may help to improve ex vivo RBC production from stem cells.
Patterns of mother–embryo isotope fractionation in batoids vary within and between species
Authors: Raoult Vincent , Gaston Troy F. , Smith Catrina , Dolfo Violaine , Park Joo‐Myun , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatterns of mother–embryo fractionation of 13C and 15N were assessed for their predictability across three species of batoids caught as by‐catch in south‐eastern Australia. Stable isotope analysis of 24 mothers and their litters revealed that isotope ratios of embryos were significantly different from their corresponding mothers and that the scale and direction of the difference varied within and across species. The range of variation across species was 3.5‰ for δ13C and 4‰ for δ15N, equivalent to a difference in trophic level. In one species (Urolophus paucimaculatus) litters could be significantly enriched or depleted in 13C and 15N relative to their mothers' isotope signatures. These results suggest that patterns of mother–embryo isotope fractionation vary within and between species and that these patterns may not be explained only by developmental mode. Contrasting patterns of fractionation between and within species make it difficult to adjust mother–embryo fractionation with broad‐scale correction factors.
Swimming kinematics of the Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezi
Authors: Kajiura Stephen M. , Loyer John C. , Ruddy Cassandra , Porter Marianne E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezi, is known to rest on the substrate, a behaviour not documented in any of its congeners. We quantified the swimming kinematics of C. perezi in the wild and found that the head yawed at a frequency 15% greater than the tail beat, but that the amplitude of the tail exceeded the head yaw by approximately 80% across the range of velocities measured. We found that C. perezi velocity, head yaw frequency, and tailbeat frequency were all less than its obligate ram ventilating congener C. limbatus.
Utilization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive grafts in liver transplantation: A matched study based on a national registry cohort
Authors: Yu Songfeng , Cen Chao , Zhang Xuanyu , Cheng Longyu , Xia Weiliang , Jia Junjun , Ye Yufu , Yu Jun , Zhang Min , Shen Yan , Zheng Shusen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimDonor shortage has become worldwide limitation in liver transplantation (LT). Use of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) donors could be an alternative source of donor organs. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of LT using HBsAg+ liver grafts and associated long‐term outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adults LT registered in the database of the China Liver Transplant Registry between January 2015 and September 2018. By propensity score matching (1:1), 503 eligible patients who received HBsAg+ liver grafts were compared with 503 matched patients who received HBsAg− liver grafts.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 81.52%, 72.04%, and 66.65% in HBsAg+ donor group, which were comparable with 83.93%, 77.27%, and 65.73% in HBsAg− donor group (P = 0.222). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival rates were also comparable between the two groups (81.49%, 71.45%, and 67.26% vs 83.62%, 77.11%, and 65.81%, respectively, P = 0.243). Most main complications were not increased in HBsAg+ donor group except for the retaining of HBsAg positivity after LT. Furthermore, transplanting HBsAg+ liver grafts did not result in inferior outcomes either in HBsAg+ or HBsAg− recipients. The risk of tumor recurrence after LT was not increased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.ConclusionsThe outcomes of using HBsAg+ liver grafts were comparable with those of HBsAg− liver grafts. Our study provided strong evidence for the safe use of HBsAg+ grafts in LT to expand the donor liver pool.
MALE STERILITY 3 encodes a plant homeodomain‐finger protein for male fertility in soybean
Authors: Hou Jingjing , Fan Weiwei , Ma Ruirui , Li Bing , Yuan Zhihui , Huang Wenxuan , Wu Yueying , Hu Quan , Lin Chunjing , Zhao Xingqi , Peng Bao , Zhao Limei , Zhang Chunbao , Sun Lianjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMale‐sterile plants are used in hybrid breeding to improve yield in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Developing the capability to alter fertility under different environmental conditions could broaden germplasm resources and simplify hybrid production. However, molecular mechanisms potentially underlying such a system in soybean were unclear. Here, using positional cloning, we identified a gene, MALE STERILITY 3 (MS3), which encodes a nuclear‐localized protein containing a plant homeodomain (PHD)‐finger domain. A spontaneous mutation in ms3 causing premature termination of MS3 translation and partial loss of the PHD‐finger. Transgenetic analysis indicated that MS3 knockout resulted in nonfunctional pollen and no self‐pollinated pods, and RNA‐seq analysis revealed that MS3 affects the expression of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Strikingly, the fertility of mutant ms3 can restore under long‐d conditions. The mutant could thus be used to create a new, more stable photoperiod‐sensitive genic male sterility line for two‐line hybrid seed production, with significant impact on hybrid breeding and production.
BYPASS1‐LIKE regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking‐mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Gang , Chen Bi‐Xia , Chen Tao , Chen Jia‐Hui , Lin Xiang‐Yu , Yue Xiu‐Le , An Li‐Zhe , Zhang Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAuxin and auxin‐mediated signaling pathways are known to regulate lateral root development. Although exocytic vesicle trafficking plays an important role in recycling the PIN‐FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers and in polar auxin transport during lateral root formation, the mechanistic details of these processes are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that BYPASS1‐LIKE (B1L) regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking‐mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis thaliana. b1l mutants contained significantly more lateral roots than the wild type, primarily due to increased lateral root primordium initiation. Furthermore, the auxin signal was stronger in stage I lateral root primordia of b1l than in those of the wild type. Treatment with exogenous auxin and an auxin transport inhibitor indicated that the lateral root phenotype of b1l could be attributed to higher auxin levels and that B1L regulates auxin efflux. Indeed, compared to the wild type, C‐terminally green fluorescent protein‐tagged PIN1 and PIN3 accumulated at higher levels in b1l lateral root primordia. B1L interacted with the exocyst, and b1l showed defective PIN exocytosis. These observations indicate that B1L interacts with the exocyst to regulate PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport and lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis.
Establishment of a dmp based maternal haploid induction system for polyploid Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Zhong Yu , Wang Yuwen , Chen Baojian , Liu Jinchu , Wang Dong , Li Mengran , Qi Xiaolong , Liu Chenxu , Boutilier Kim , Chen Shaojiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDoubled haploid (DH) technology is used to obtain homozygous lines in a single generation, a technique that significantly accelerates the crop breeding trajectory. Traditionally, in vitro culture is used to generate DHs, but this technique is limited by species and genotype recalcitrance. In vivo haploid induction (HI) through seed is widely and efficiently used in maize and was recently extended to several other crops. Here we show that in vivo HI can be triggered by mutation of DMP maternal haploid inducer genes in allopolyploid (allotetraploid) Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. We developed a pipeline for selection of DMP orthologs for clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats mutagenesis and demonstrated average amphihaploid induction rates of 2.4% and 1.2% in multiple B. napus and N. tabacum genotypes, respectively. These results further confirmed the HI ability of DMP gene in polyploid dicot crops. The DMP‐HI system offers a novel DH technology to facilitate breeding in these crops. The success of this approach and the conservation of DMP genes in dicots suggest the broad applicability of this technique in other dicot crops.