bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monogenic TCRβ Assembly and Expression Are Paramount for Uniform Antigen Receptor Specificity of Individual αβ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Culberson Erica J , Bassing Craig H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability of individual T and B cells to display Ag receptors of unique uniform specificity is the molecular basis of adaptive immunity. Most αβ T cells achieve uniform specificity by assembling in-frame genes on only one allelic copy of TCRβ and TCRα loci, while others prevent incorporation of TCRα protein from both alleles into TCRs. Analysis of mice expressing TCR proteins from a restricted combination of transgenes showed that TCR protein pairing restrictions achieve uniform specificity of cells expressing two types of TCRβ protein. However, whether this mechanism operates in the physiological context where each dual-TCRβ cell expresses one set of a vast number of different TCRβ proteins remains an open question, largely because there is a low, but significant, portion of cells carrying two in-frame TCRβ genes. To resolve this issue, we inactivated one allelic copy of the TCRα locus in a new mouse strain that assembles two in-frame TCRβ genes in an elevated fraction of cells. This genetic manipulation has no effect on the frequency of cells that display multiple types of αβ TCR, yet increases the representation of cells displaying TCRβ proteins that generate more highly expressed TCRs. Our data demonstrate that some TCRβ proteins exhibit differential functional pairing with TCRα proteins, but these restrictions have negligible contribution for ensuring uniform specificity of cells that express two types of TCRβ protein. Therefore, we conclude that mechanisms governing monogenic assembly and expression of TCRβ genes in individual cells are paramount for uniform specificity of αβ T lymphocytes.
Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Al-Daura Oil Refinery Workers and Its Relation to Oral and Periodontal Conditions
Authors: Al-Qarakhli Ahmed Makki A. , Hamid Mudher Shaimaa , Mahmood Ali Shakir , Yakub Majid Ali 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is an important marker to be measured to explore the effect of oil fume on oral tissue. This study examined the effect of longtime exposure to oil fume on oral and periodontal tissue.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 52 participants consisted of four groups of 13 participants each. Oral examination and periodontal indices were taken. TAC was analyzed.

Results:
The study groups showed highly significant differences in plaque, gingival index, and clinical attachment level (P < 0.001) compared to the control. The older workers have shown the highest total antioxidant capacity levels. The oil group has expressed a significant lowest total antioxidant capacity level (P > 0.05) in comparison to the control. Oral lesions including ulcerations and white and red patches were absent in workers.

Conclusion:
Total antioxidant capacity is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of oral and periodontal diseases.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Herbal Solutions in Disinfecting Gutta Percha Cones Against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Vanapatla Amulya , Nanda Neethu , Satyarth Saurabh , Kawle Sahil , Gawande Harshraj P. , Gupte Jaiti M. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
Even when endodontic procedures are performed with the utmost care, reinfection can occur. One possible explanation is that contaminated gutta-percha cones were used in the root canals. The study's goal is to assess the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of Neem, Turmeric, and Calotropis Procera in disinfecting gutta percha cones prior to obturation.

Materials and Methods:
80 Gutta percha (GP) cones were contaminated with 0.5ml Ferlands standard Enterococcus Faecalis for 10 minutes.20 cones each were treated up to 5 minutes in their prepared neem, turmeric, calotropis and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Then, they placed in BHI broth and vertex is done for 1 minute. One loopful of broth was stroked on 20 blood agar plates of 5 each neem, turmeric, calotropis and sodium hypochlorite. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours aerobically at 37°C and the colony forming units were counted with a digital colony counter.

Results:
Mean colony forming units were compared in all the groups and there was a statistically significant difference present among the groups (p<0.01). Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL)as control group showed average of 5 colony forming units(CFU). Turmeric had the least average of 55 CFU and was the most effective of the experimental groups. Neem and Calotropis had the higher average of 130 CFU and 200 CFU respectively, making it the least effective of the solutions tested.

Conclusion :
All of the herbal solutions tested positive for disinfection of GP points. When compared to Neem and Calotropis, Turmeric was the most effective and has superior antibacterial activity.
Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of GC Gold Hybrid, GIC Conventional and Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement
Authors: Malhotra Shantun , Bhullar Kanwalpreet K. , Kaur Sumandeep , Malhotra Mahima , Kaur Rupam , Handa Aashish 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to emphasize the compressive strength and flexural strength of glass-ionomer cement (GIC)–gold hybrid, conventional GIC, and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC).

Methodology:
Three GIC materials were used in the study: group A: GC–gold hybrid (Gold Label hybrid Universal Restorative), group B: type II conventional GIC, and group C: RMGIC. A total of 120 cylindrical test specimens of dimensions 4 mm diameter × 6 mm height were prepared from a custom-made Teflon mold according to respective study groups. The specimens prepared were then stored in 20 mL of deionized water at 37°C for 3 h daily for 30 days, and the solutions were changed every week, after which they were tested for compressive strength and flexural strength by using a universal force testing machine. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software and were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Results:
The mean compressive strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B. Similarly, the mean flexural strength was the highest for group A and lowest for group B.

Conclusion:
The conclusions can be drawn from this in-vitro study that the compressive strength and flexural strength of GC–gold hybrid were greater than those of RMGIC and conventional GIC.
Comparative Evaluation of the Surface Area of the Maxillary and Mandibular Denture Bearing Area According to Arch Shapes Obtained Through A Manually Molded Impression
Authors: Tabasum Shaista , Banerjee Kankana , Shetty Pratheek , Upadhyay Tripti , Shubham B.S. , Bharti Shreya 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
This study was done to compare the surface area of the maxillary and mandibular denture bearing area obtained through a manually molded impression in an open mouth selective pressure technique.

Methodology:
Final impression was made in 60 patients with zinc oxide eugenol impression paste, poured in dental stone to get master cast. Denture bearing area was marked with an indelible pencil. The number of squares were calculated which constituted the denture bearing area.

Results:
Square arch form provides more surface area than ovoid and tapering which in turn increases the retention and support.

Conclusion:
The variance and standard deviation of the surface area of square, ovoid, and tapering arch shapes of maxillary dentures were very much significant and in case of Mandibular dentures were less significant.
Comparison of Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets with or without Primer
Authors: Sharma Shreya , Pandit Susmita K. , Das Rohan , Sinha Moumita , Sahu Rajalaxmi , Trivedi Pragya 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Bonding is an integral part of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic bonding could be accomplished without the use of primer, it might be possible to reduce the risk of occupational exposure to primer and will save time. So it is very important to know whether primer is required or not.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic brackets bonded with and without primer application and to check for residual adhesive post debonding.

Material and Method:
A total of 100 extracted human premolar teeth were divided into 2 main groups A and B which were further subdivided into: Group A1 – metallic brackets bonded with primer; Group A2 – ceramic brackets bonded with primer; Group B1 – metallic brackets bonded without primer; group B2 – ceramic brackets bonded without primer. The SBS of these brackets was measured.

Result:
The SBS of group A2 was significantly higher than the other groups, group A1 was the second highest, group B3 was the third highest and group B4 was the least significant. The adhesive remnant index was lowest on failure of ceramic brackets bonded with primer.

Conclusion:
SBS of ceramic brackets bonded without primer is superior to SBS of metallic bracket bonded without primer and metallic brackets bonded with primer was superior than metallic bonded without primer.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Effect of Wound Irrigating Solution (0.01% Hypochlorous Acid) and 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite Against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Anwar Saif , Sivalingam Balaji , Vijayakumar Nyklesh , Vivek K , Perumal Lavanya P. K. , Prabha Esai A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of normal saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 0.01% hypochlorous acid against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods:
Antimicrobial activity was assayed by Kirby–Bauer cup-well agar diffusion method. Three cup-wells were bored in each petriplate and were filled with 50 μl of each of the respective test agents. Culture plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C and after 24 hours, the size of the magnification inhibition zone was quantified with a caliper and recorded in respective tables. The experiment was reiterated ten times for each reagent, and the diameter of the magnification inhibition zones caused by the irrigation solutions was recorded. The antimicrobial activity of the three test solutions was determined.

Results:
The antibacterial property of the three groups was compared by utilizing ANOVA test. The association was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). The antibacterial property between 2.5% NaOCl and 0.01% HOCl was further compared with independent t test. This association was however not statistically significant (P = 0.02).
Perceptions of Dietary Factors Promoting and Preventing Kidney Stones Among Taif City Population - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Althobity Ahmed , Alosaimi Norah Khalid , Alghoraibi Manar H. , Alzahrani Amaal A. , Altowairqi Rawan M. , Althobaiti Shumukh G. , Almalki Haneen S. 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim:
Renal stones are the most common urological disorder resulting in different marked morbidities with different risk factors. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of the general population regarding dietary factors in promoting and preventing nephrolithiasis in the Taif region.

Methods:
We carried out this cross-sectional study during a period of 4 months. All Taif city population who were ≥18 years old were included in the study regardless of their gender and history of urolithiasis. Participants were excluded if they were <18 years of age, not Taif city residents, and whose primary language was not Arabic. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.

Results:
It was found that 68.4% of the participants had poor knowledge of dietary risk factors. Further, 86.4% of the participants thought that their diet could affect the risk of kidney stone formation, and 88.6% believed that water can decrease the risk of kidney stone formation. In addition, 54.5% and 66.3% knew that increased consumption of meat and smoking can increase the risk of kidney stone formation.

Conclusion:
The knowledge regarding specific dietary risk factors promoting and preventing kidney stones formation was poor among the Taif city population.
Nurses as Warriors
Authors: Vivek S. , Varghese Sam , Ratheesh R. , Raghu Kala 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
In December 2019, the global outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was announced. The pandemic has cast a spotlight like never before on health-care professionals in general, and nurses in particular. Nurses have been dubbed “warriors” by the general public for their determination to provide frontline care to patients with the disease, despite the risk of exposure and a lack of professional resources. The goal of the study was to assess the obstacles and consequences faced by Kerala nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2021 among Kerala nurses. A total of 1630 nurses were chosen using a randomized sampling technique. The data were gathered using a semi-structured self-reported questionnaire. The information was entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS program version 16.0.

Results:
After analyzing the data, seven themes emerged: (a) love for the profession; (b) frustration for being labeled as “COVID Nurses”; (c) fear of infection and transmission; (d) personal protective equipment uncertainty; (e) workplace safety especially against hospital violence; (f) burnout in nurses; and (g) job stress.

Conclusion:
Nurses undertook a hazardous rescue mission and played an essential contribution in COVID-19 pandemic. Over the course of intensive work, they underwent significant psychological changes. Nurses burnout and occupational stress must be addressed with effective interventions. In order to mitigate the pandemic, the administration should also promote a healthy workplace and have a positive attitude and harmonious connection with the frontline personnel.
Efficacy of the Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion
Authors: Nallamilli Leela Venkata Soujanya , Patowary John , Cherukuri Sai Abhishiktha , Shankar Kiran S. , Varma Praveen Kumar , Kauser Afreen , Pandey Pritee Rajkumar 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
One of the most common procedures done in orthodontics is the rapid maxillary expansion for the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency. Hence, in the present study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of the rapid palatal expansion assisted with the miniscrews.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a prospective observational study among 50 age-matched adolescent participants. They were grouped equally to receive miniscrew and tooth-borne expanders. The alterations after 6 months of wearing the expanders were calculated for the root length variations of the premolars, tipping of the tooth, buccal bone thickness, and the transverse skeletal widths using the “cone-beam computed tomography” images. Comparison of the values was done between the groups using the Chi-square and ANOVA test, deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed significantly greater values for the miniscrew expander for all the four parameters than the tooth-borne device. However, there was no significant variation for the root lengths variations between the two groups. No tipping was noted for the miniscrew expander.

Conclusions:
The miniscrew palatal expander brought faster expansion of the palate than the conventional palatal expanders. The miniscrews were also safe with no adverse effects and were efficus.
Correlation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice with their Oral Health Status among Young Adults of Nursing Care
Authors: Lakshmi K Priya Deepa , Venkatalakshmi S , Bharath C , Saravanan N , Reddy Lingaladinne Swetha , Nagilla Jithender 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Nursing profession execute an imperative role in health promotion, disease, and injury prevention, providing care and assist in cure of patients with diverse age groups, and backgrounds both in individual and community settings. The study aimed to determine and compare the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) with oral health status among nursing students in Salem.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students of Vinayaka Mission's Annapoorna College of Nursing, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included self-administered questionnaire covering demographic details and oral health KAP questions (18-items) followed by oral examination using the World Health Organization survey (2013). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-one students were included in the survey (63 males and 198 females). Females reported better mean ± standard deviation (SD) in knowledge (24.08 ± 4.3), attitude (5.43 ± 1.3), and practice (10.82 ± 1.5, P = 0.000) than males. Moreover third-year students had higher mean ± SD scores in knowledge (24.42 ± 4.3) and practice (10.89 ± 1.7) while higher mean ± SD attitude scores (5.61 ± 1.2) was reported among second years. Relationship between attitude-practice indicated a positive significant correlation (r = 0.145, P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
There are an adequate knowledge, negative attitude, and inadequate practice toward oral health among nursing students. The study introspects the gap between knowledge and actions. As attitude influence on a person's behavior, discriminate knowledge in the right direction to best bring out the outcomes.
Comparison of the Length of Styloid Process in Panoramic Radiographs to Computed Tomography as the Gold Standard
Authors: Thomas Deena C. , Jo Shiana , Jacob George , Vivek V , Potti Soumya , Sruthy C. S 
Published: July 2022

Aims:
To compare the length of styloid process assessed using computed tomography (CT) and panoramic radiographs (PAN).

Materials and Methods:
PAN were taken for 15 patients requiring CT reporting to PMS Dental College or metro scans, after obtaining informed consent and fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CT images were taken in metro scans. The apparent lengths of styloid process were measured in both CT and PAN using software provided with the respective machines. Ethical committee approval was obtained from PMS Dental College, Trivandrum.

Results:
The length of left styloid process in CT was observed 20–30 mm in 4 (27%) patients and same in PAN was observed in 5 (33%) patients. Out of 15 patients, abnormal styloid process (length >30 mm) was observed in 11 (73%) patients when measured with CT and 10 (67%) patients in PAN. In CT, the length of the styloid process on the right side was observed between 20 and 30 mm, in 3 (20%) patients. PAN of 2 (13%) patients were found between 20 and 30 mm. On the right side, abnormal styloid process (length >30 mm) was noted in 12 (80%) patients using CT and 13 (87%) patients in PAN. The length of styloid process in the combined sample (both right and left side) was found to be between 20 and 30 mm in 3 (10%) patients and styloid process >30 mm long (in both CT and PAN) was observed in 12 (40%) patients.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated positive correlation between CT and panoramic measurements. “P” values were statistically significant on both sides with values of right side (P = 0.01) and left side (P = 0.002), respectively. Hence, PAN, which are routinely taken, cost-effective and involving relatively low radiation dose, may be used as substitute for CT for the purpose of diagnosis of elongated styloid process. However, for precise measurement of the length of styloid process, CT is still the imaging modality of choice.
An in vitro Investigation of the Sealing Ability of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Retrofilling Materials after the use of Various Irrigating Solutions
Authors: Gowri Sree , Jayasheelan Nishi , Kutty Shakkira Moosa , Kumar Pradeep , Shetty Divya , Banu Kausar 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to assess the sealing ability of Biodentine (BD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as retrograde filling materials after irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and QMix irrigating solutions.

Materials and Methods:
Decoronation of 48 permanent maxillary central incisors was done. Root canal instrumentation was carried out in the samples. The apical root was resected for about 3 mm and retrocavities were prepared. Teeth were allocated into two groups (n = 24). MTA was used in Group 1. BD was used in Group 2. Depending on irrigation, the groups were subdivided A, B, and C subgroups. Group A − 0.9% saline; Group B − 17% EDTA; and Group C − QMix were used. The resected root end was irrigated with 5 ml of all irrigating solutions for 1 min. After final irrigation, cavities were filled with retrofilling materials in each group. Nail enamel was applied to the surfaces of the roots apart from the resected end. Roots were placed in India ink for 72 h. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and microleakage was determined with a stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis:
Analysis was done using the one-way analysis of variance, Independent t-test, and post hoc test.

Results:
Statistically significant difference in the degree of microleakage was observed between irrigating solutions and the retrofilling materials.

Conclusion:
BD exhibits a better sealing ability compared to MTA as a retro filling material following QMix irrigation.
Comparative Evaluation of Outcome of Natural Antioxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Bonded to Bleached Enamel
Authors: Srinivasan Srividhya , Kadandale Sadasiva , Vishwanath Sankar , Murugesan Kalaiarasi , Parthasarathy Revathy , Thanikachalam Yashini 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The depletion of bond strength after the bleaching procedure has resulted in the usage of several antioxidants to get rid of discharging oxygen from residual peroxides before any adhesive restorations.

Aim:
The in vitro study aimed to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of composite after application of three over-the-counter natural antioxidants on bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six extracted human anterior teeth were decoronated at the level of cementoenamel junction and implanted into self-cure acrylic resin exposing the labial surface alone. The embedded specimens were categorized into six groups of six teeth each, and the groups were as follows: Group I: unbleached + composite bonding, Group II: bleaching + delayed composite bonding, Groups III, IV, and V: bleaching + antioxidants – olive oil/Vitamin E oil/propolis + immediate composite bonding, and Group VI: bleaching + immediate composite bonding. The shear bond strength analysis was performed with the help of the universal testing machine, and the values obtained were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows, v. 21.0.

Results:
The results obtained from the study reveal that all the three experimental groups showed an increase in the shear bond strength in comparison to Group VI (positive control) and the difference in the bond strength between the experimental groups and positive control is also statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, although the bond strength of composite resin after application of the three natural over-the-counter antioxidants falls very closely, the usage of oil-based antioxidants had been found to perform less effectively in improving the shear bond strength.