bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Reduced Frequency Theory of Airfoils Vibrating in Complex Modes
Authors: Corral Roque , Blando Yago , Pitarch Aitor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper extends a previous study on the unsteady aerodynamics of vibrating airfoils in the low reduced frequency regime to the case of complex modes, where the phase of the different points of the same airfoil is not constant. A complex mode-shape can be expressed as the combination of two rigid body modes shifted 90 degrees. Therefore, the stability of such modes is more complex to predict than that of the so-called real modes. The aerodynamic work-per-cycle has been deconstructed into its fundamental components, and its dependence on the reduced frequency described. The three distinct contributions to the work-per-cycle of a complex mode have been analysed theoretically and numerically. Firstly, the mean pressure yields a constant contribution to the work-per-cycle that is independent of the inter-blade phase angle and the reduced frequency. This term scales with the aerodynamic loading of the airfoil and is null for non-lifting airfoils. Secondly, the contribution of the two fundamental modes, whose mean value is proportional to the reduced frequency . Finally, the cross works of a fundamental mode over the displacements of the other. The low reduced frequency theory predicts that this term is independent of the frequency and symmetric with the inter-blade phase angle. The latter has been confirmed using linearised Navier-Stokes simulations, but the former has a constant term, as predicted by the theory, plus a small variation with the frequency that has been associated with acoustic resonances.
Confidence, consent and chaperones for pubertal staging examinations: a national survey
Authors: Moon Rebecca Jane , Davies Justin Huw 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveGeneral Medical Council (GMC) guidance describes an intimate examination as one that may be embarrassing for the patient, for example, breast or genitalia examination. Documentation of consent and use of a trained impartial observer (chaperone) is recommended. Pubertal staging is often necessitated for assessment of growth and puberty. We assessed current practice of pubertal staging by paediatricians and paediatric endocrinology nurse specialists (PENS) in the UK.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to paediatricians (consultants and trainees) and PENS across the UK. The survey enquired about training received, confidence in and typical practice for pubertal staging examinations.Results235 responses were received. Low confidence in pubertal staging was commonly reported by trainees and consultants without an endocrinology interest.Most respondents consider pubertal staging to be an intimate examination for male (94.9%) and female (93.1%) patients. Consent to examination is always documented by 38.2% of respondents. 62.0% and 54.8% report always using a chaperone for male and female pubertal staging, respectively. However, many respondents use a parent as the chaperone. Few document the name of the chaperone used. Patient objections and availability of chaperones were commonly perceived barriers to chaperone use.ConclusionMost clinicians consider pubertal staging an intimate examination, but documentation of consent and use of formal chaperones is not standard practice. The use of a parent as a chaperone was common but is not recommended by the GMC. Local chaperone policies should address these issues to protect patients and clinicians.
Effectiveness of an anti-fog polymer coating in protective eyewear: a blinded, randomised controlled cross-over trial with healthcare providers in an emergency department setting
Authors: Keschner Yonatan G , Raja Ali S , Margolin Justin D , Zheng Hui , Olson Kristian R 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundEye protection is a mandatory component of the personal protective equipment in healthcare settings, especially for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 and during aerosolising procedures. Fogging of protective eyewear is a frequent problem experienced by providers. The hydrophilic property of a sulfonated polymer, BiaXam, may be able to decrease fogging through wicking moisture from the lens. In this study, we tested the anti-fogging properties of this polymer when applied to protective eyewear.MethodsAn investigator-initiated prospective, randomised, single-blinded cross-over study was conducted in an emergency department in a large, tertiary care hospital. Participants were blinded and randomised first to either a pair of anti-fog coated or uncoated eyewear, and then to the alternative pair after 2 hours. Study participants completed an identical survey at the end of each 2-hour period.Results50 emergency medicine healthcare providers were enrolled and 48 completed the study. Results demonstrated a significant difference in fogging between the coated and uncoated eyewear, as 81% of the participants reported fogging of the uncoated lenses and only 55% of the participants reported fogging in the coated pair (p=0.0029). Participants reported that the uncoated lenses fogged two times as frequently on a 10-point Likert scale (4.5±3.3 vs 2.1±2.5; p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis of participants who wore only a surgical mask demonstrated even more efficacious results with coated eyewear.ConclusionOverall, sulfonated polymer-coated eyewear improved provider visualisation, user experience and perceived mitigation of potential medical errors.
Lie symmetry approach to the time-dependent Karmarkar condition
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos , Bogadi Robert S. , Govender Megandhren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe obtain solutions of the time-dependent Einstein Field Equations which satisfy the Karmarkar condition via the method of Lie symmetries. Spherically symmetric spacetime metrics are used with metric functions set to impose conformal flatness, Weyl-free collapse and shear-free collapse. In particular, a solution was found which satisfies the heat-flux boundary condition of Santos, and a radiating stellar model was then obtained and investigated. Solutions obtained which do not allow for the application of the junction conditions at a boundary surface may lend themselves to cosmological models. This is a first attempt in generating solutions satisfying the Karmarkar condition via the method of Lie symmetries and our example of a radiating model highlights the viability of this method.
New age constraints on the break-up of Rodinia and amalgamation of southwestern Gondwana from the Choquequirao Formation in southwestern Peru
Authors: Hodgin Eben Blake , Carlotto Victor , Macdonald Francis A. , Schmitz Mark D. , Crowley James L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The Choquequirao Formation is a >3 km-thick amphibolite-grade succession that outcrops in the Central Andes of southern Peru. To constrain its age and tectonostratigraphic setting, detrital zircon and metamorphic zircon, titanite, and rutile U–Pb isotopic analyses were conducted. Mantle-derived
c.
640 Ma detrital zircons constrain the maximum age of the lower part of the succession and 550–490 Ma metamorphic zircon domains constrain its minimum age. The absence of early Paleozoic detrital zircons suggests that deposition predated early Paleozoic orogenesis in southwestern Gondwana. The close similarity of detrital zircon age spectra to those from sediments deposited on the Arequipa basement suggests that the Choquequirao Formation was deposited on the Arequipa Terrane. Metamorphic titanite dates are highly overdispersed, yet they overlap with
c.
460 Ma peak metamorphism recorded by metamorphic zircon. Pb-loss pathways displayed by metamorphic titanite have a lower intercept that overlaps with
c.
325 Ma metamorphic rutile, which corresponds to Hercynian orogenesis. A poorly constrained upper intercept of
c.
510 Ma may correspond to Pampean and/or early Famatinian orogenesis. We interpret the Cryogenian–Ediacaran Choquequirao Formation as having been deposited during the opening of the Palaeo-Iapetus (Puncoviscana–Clymene) Ocean between eastern Arequipa and southern Kalahari prior to the subsequent collision with southwestern Amazonia during the Pampean Orogeny.
Higher Habitual Dietary Flavonoid Intake Associates With Less Extensive Abdominal Aortic Calcification in a Cohort of Older Women
Authors: Parmenter Benjamin H. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Murray Kevin , Schousboe John T. , Croft Kevin , Prince Richard L. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Nicola P. , Lewis Joshua R. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The extent of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a major predictor of vascular disease events. We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. Whether total dietary flavonoid intake impacts AAC remains unknown. Here, we extend our observations to habitual intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses, and specific flavonoid-containing foods, with the odds of extensive AAC.

Methods:

We conducted cross-sectional analyses on 881 females (median [interquartile range] age, 80 [78–82] years; body mass index, 27 [24–30] kg/m
2
) from the PLSAW (Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women). Flavonoid intake was calculated from food-frequency questionnaires. Calcifications of the abdominal aorta were assessed on lateral lumbar spine images and categorized as less extensive or extensive. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations.

Results:
After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders, participants with higher (Q4), compared with lower (Q1) intakes, of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols had 36% (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.64 [0.43–0.95]), 39% (0.61 [0.40–0.93]) and 38% (0.62 [0.42–0.92]) lower odds of extensive AAC, respectively. In food-based analyses, higher black tea intake, the main source of total flavonoids (75.9%), associated with significantly lower odds of extensive AAC (2–6 cups/d had 16%–42% lower odds compared with 0 daily intake). In a subset of nonconsumers of black tea, the association of total flavonoid intake with AAC remained (Q4 versus Q1 odds ratio [95% CI], 0.11 [0.02–0.54]).

Conclusions:
In older women, greater habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensive AAC.
Early and Delayed Infarct Growth in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective, Serial MRI Study
Authors: Hernández-Pérez María , Werner Mariano , Remollo Sebastián , Martín Carlota , Cortés Jordi , Valls Adrian , Ramos Anna , Dorado Laura , Serena Joaquin , Munuera Josep , Puig Josep , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Gomis Meritxell , Carbonell Jaime , Castaño Carlos , Muñoz-Narbona Lucia , Palomeras Ernest , Domenech Sira , Massuet Anna , Terceño Mikel , Davalos Antoni , Millán Monica 
Published: November 2022

Background:
We studied the evolution over time of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and the factors involved on early and late infarct growth (EIG and LIG) in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) according to the final revascularization grade.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort of patients with anterior large artery occlusion undergoing EVT arriving at 1 comprehensive stroke center. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on arrival (pre-EVT), <2 hours after EVT (post-EVT), and on day 5. DWI lesions and perfusion maps were evaluated. Arterial revascularization was assessed according to the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades. We recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at arrival and at day 7. EIG was defined as (DWI volume post-EVT–DWI volume pre-EVT), and LIG was defined as (DWI volume at 5d–DWI volume post-EVT). Factors involved in EIG and LIG were tested via multivariable lineal models.

Results:

We included 98 patients (mean age 70, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 17, final mTICI≥2b 86%). Median EIG and LIG were 48 and 63.3 mL in patients with final mTICI<2b, and 3.6 and 3.9 cc in patients with final mTICI≥2b. Both EIG and LIG were associated with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at day 7 (
ρ
=0.667;
P
<0.01 and
ρ
=0.614;
P
<0.01, respectively). In patients with final mTICI≥2b, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI pre-EVT and each extra pass leaded to growths of 9% (95% CI, 7%–10%) and 14% (95% CI, 2%–28%) in the DWI volume post-EVT, respectively. Furthermore, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI post-EVT, each extra pass, and each 10 mL increase in TMax6s post-EVT were associated with growths of 8% (95% CI, 6%–9%), 9% (95% CI, 0%–19%), and 12% (95% CI, 5%–20%) in the volume of DWI post-EVT, respectively.

Conclusions:
Infarct grows during and after EVT, especially in nonrecanalizers but also to a lesser extent in recanalizers. In recanalizers, number of passes and DWI volume influence EIG, while number of passes, DWI, and hypoperfused volume after the procedure determine LIG.
Hebrew Vocalisation Signs in Karaite Transcriptions of the Hebrew Bible into Arabic Script
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

In the 10th and 11th centuries CE many Karaite scribes in the Middle East used Arabic script to write not only the Arabic language, but also the Hebrew language. Such Hebrew texts in Arabic transcription were predominantly Hebrew Bible texts. The transcriptions reflect the oral reading tradition of the biblical text. Most manuscripts reflect the Tiberian reading tradition.
Some reflect an imperfect performance of the Tiberian reading tradition. This imperfect performance may be attributed to the impact of the phonological system of the vernacular language of the scribes. In this paper I discuss aspects of imperfect performance discernible in the distribution of Hebrew vocalisation signs that are used in the manuscripts. The paper focuses in particular on (a) deviations in the distribution of vowel signs that reflect imperfect performance of Tiberian vowel qualities and (b) deviations in the distribution of shewa and ḥaṭef signs that reflect imperfect performance of Tiberian syllable structure.
“Some Fanciful Midrash Explanation”
Authors: Williams Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

This chapter examines the history of the idea that the shapes, names, and sounds of the ṭeʿamim convey information about biblical narratives, including twists and turns in the plot, the
thoughts and motivations of the characters, and the way direct speech was delivered. This exegetical technique is examined first by enquiring into its relationship with the midrashic method of deriving such information from the graphic features of the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible. Turning to the approach of Tobias ben Eliezer, Joseph ibn Caspi, and Baḥya ben Asher, attention is focused on interpretations of unusual and irregular cantillation marks, including the shalshelet, according to the principles of derash. Finally, examples from the commentaries of Moses Alsheikh of Safed are examined to show how sixteenth-century
Sephardi interpreters treated the Masoretic system of accentuation more broadly as a source of information concerning biblical narratives.
The 1757–62 Temperature Observed in Beijing
Authors: Ren Yuyu , Ren Guoyu , Allan Rob , Li Jiao , Yang Guowei , Zhang Panfeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Instrumental data from the pre–Industrial Revolution period are important to ­understand climate change. In this paper, the observations made by the French missionary J. Amiot in present-day central Beijing during 1757–62 were processed and analyzed. The observations represent the earliest continuous dataset of meteorological records found in China that have been digitized recently. Comparisons between the Amiot annual temperature range and extreme values with modern observations showed that the observations were read at approximately 0800 and 1500 local solar time (LST) in a well-ventilated outdoor site. The daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures (T-max, T-min, and T-mean, respectively) during 1757–62 were determined by examining the relationship between temperature at 0800 and 1500 LST and T-max, T-min, and T-mean in modern reference series. Nearly 260 years ago, Beijing’s climate was typical of an inland temperate monsoon zone with annual T-mean, annual mean T-max, and annual mean T-min being 11.5°, 17.8°, and 6.1°C, respectively; further, the temperatures did not vary considerably from the 1951–1980 temperatures, but differed evidently compared to relatively recent decades (1981–2020). The difference was larger than the magnitudes of global and regional temperature changes. Thus, climate warming since the pre–Industrial Revolution period in the urban areas of Beijing has dominantly occurred over the last four decades. Uncertainties related to the thermometer and observational conditions 260 years ago and the interpolation method used have also been discussed in this paper.
Fabric defect detection via a spatial cloze strategy
Authors: Lu Zhengyang , Zhang Yudian , Xu Han , Chen Han 
Published: November 2022

Deep-learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of defect detection tasks. However, an inescapable criticism of one-stage fully supervised models is the lack of interpretability, which not only reduces the reliability of fabric defect detection systems but also limits the scope of their applications in production environments. To tackle the data imbalance and low interpretability of defect samples, we proposed a spatial cloze strategy for fabric defect detection, which reconstructs a local normal image and then feeds it into the detection model with the original image simultaneously. Specifically, we formulate the defect detection task as a novel image completion problem. Firstly, an end-to-end deep neural network is trained to finely restore the defect image by completing each image slice removed in sequence. Next, the progressive attention mechanism fuses the repaired normal image with the raw image, replacing the input layer of the cascade region-based convolutional neural network. Eventually, accurate instance-level defect segmentation can be obtained by comparing the repaired defect-free and the raw images. On the Tianchi dataset, the proposed method displays superior accuracy in 92% of defect classes, with a breakthrough in various categories that have hardly ever been detected. Extensive experiments on various complex fabric defect samples demonstrate that our strategy outperforms existing advanced methods.
Experiences of occupational therapy clinicians on the assessment and evaluation of adult handgrip strength
Authors: Myles Louise , Massy-Westropp Nicola , Barnett Fiona 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS) is commonly measured to assess hand function, however, little is known about how and why occupational therapists assess and interpret HGS. This study aimed to explore the experiences of occupational therapists who work with HGS. Additionally, the study explored what biological and functional factors occupational therapists believe influence adult HGS. Method: A qualitative study design utilising purposive sampling identified occupational therapy clinicians within Queensland, Australia who assess HGS. Data were collected from 19 participants using a semi-structured interview process. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Variations of the American Society of Hand Therapists HGS testing procedure were used by the participants based on experience. When evaluating HGS, comparison to normative data was not always completed or seen to be valuable. Biological and functional factors such as height, hand length, occupation and lifestyle factors were considered to influence HGS. Conclusion: The results of this study provide insight into the various ways occupational therapists assess and evaluate HGS according to experience and practice context. These variations in assessment and evaluation of HGS along with the influence of an individual’s biological and functional factors need to be considered when interpreting HGS results.
Socially Assistive Humanoid Robots: Effects on Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life among Low-Income, Socially Isolated Older Adults in South Korea
Authors: Lee Othelia E. K. , Nam Ilsung , Chon Yongho , Park Albert , Choi Namkee 
Published: November 2022

Using a mixed-method study design, we examined the effects of a socially assistive humanoid robot (SAHR), called Hyodol, on depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of low-income, socially isolated older adults ( N = 180). Quantitative outcomes were assessed at baseline (before Hyodol deployment) and at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Results showed reduced depressive symptoms and improved HRQOL at 3 months; however, these positive effects did not extend to 6 months. Ten focus group participants perceived Hyodol to be a valuable companion especially during the COVID outbreak. These results suggest that while Hyodol may have provided companionship for some low-income, socially isolated older adults during home confinement, its effects on depression and HRQOL were limited. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects of SAHRs as appropriate tools for reducing social isolation and improving behavioral health among community-dwelling older adults.
Cognitive differences between healthy monolingual and bilingual anglophones on the English version of the Dépistage Cognitif de Québec: A new screening tool for atypical dementia
Authors: Lévesque Marianne , Ouellet Marie-Christine , Meilleur-Durand Synthia , Callahan Brandy L. , Bergeron David , Hsiung Ging-Yuek , Verret Louis , Fortin Marie-Pierre , Masellis Mario , Jarrett Pamela , Gauthier Serge , Poulin Stéphane , Cunnane Stephen C. , Villeneuve Sylvia , Macoir Joël , Bouchard Rémi W. , Laforce Robert 
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives: Cognitive abilities between monolingual and bilingual individuals may differ, making it an important factor to consider during the administration of cognitive screening tools. Otherwise, assessments could be subject to misinterpretation, leading to possible inaccurate diagnoses. The current project aimed to compare cognitive performance of healthy older monolingual and bilingual anglophones on the English version of a new cognitive screening test designed for better recognition of atypical dementia: the Dépistage Cognitif de Québec (DCQ; www.dcqtest.org ). Design: The DCQ was administered by qualified psychometricians to 85 native English-speaking participants aged 50 years and over, in various sites across Canada. Language proficiency was established using the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to exclude individuals with cognitive impairments. Data and Analysis: Amid the anglophone participants recruited, 30 monolingual anglophones and 29 bilingual anglophones (English and French) met inclusion criteria. Groups had similar age, education, and MoCA scores. Monolinguals and bilinguals were compared on their total DCQ scores and each of the five DCQ indexes: Memory, Visuospatial, Executive, Language, and Behavioural. Findings: The bilingual participants performed better on the Language Index, which contributed to the significant bilingual advantage for the overall DCQ scores. When applying a Bonferroni correction, the differences between groups were, however, not maintained. No differences were found on any of the other indexes. Originality: This study is the first to explore psychometric properties of the DCQ in older monolingual and bilingual participants tested in their native language. Implications: Results highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing linguistic diversity before using new screening tools in clinical settings. The potential cognitive advantages of bilingualism should be considered when interpreting test data and explicitly discussed in neuropsychological reports.