bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19
Authors: Dube Vartika , Singh Adarshlata , Dube Vineet 
Published: January 2022

Although the pathogenesis of the newly discovered 2019 coronavirus disease is still unknown, it has several extrapulmonary manifestations, such as cutaneous lesions. Among those who took Covid, the American Academy of Dermatology reports that 22.2% of patients had morbilliform or pernio-like rashes; 17.8% had papulosquamous purpura; 16.8% had macular erythema, and 7.8% had retiform purpura. According to the available information, around 450 patients with (COVID-19) infectious disease have developed a variety of skin lesions. While it's understandable that dermatology consultations have been scarce during this pandemic and that the primary focus has been on systemic manifestations of covid, it's also far from surprising that cutaneous lesions have gone undiagnosed. The patient's ages ranged from 2 months to 75 years (The condition is most commonly encountered in elderly persons).
Cutaneous symptoms are less common in India. According to reports compiled from various sources, skin lesions are more common in Albinos, Scandinavians, and Caucasians than in Indians, Mongolians, and Africans. On the other hand, skin lesions were more prevalent during India's second COVID-19 wave (most likely due to an increment in the number of people affected). Patients with a mild form of the disease were more likely to have pernio-like lesions, while critically ill patients only had retiform-purpura (those who required ventilator support and were on the verge of organ failure). Individuals with COVID-19 have been found to have urticarial rash, erythematous/morbilliform rash, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like patterns, livedo reticularis, and purpuric-vasculitic patterns, among other dermatological issues. Chilblains and the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) in children (2-15 years) are also skin manifestations of (COVID-19), which are more commonly seen in the UK and Western Europe. During the second wave, there were two cases of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with chilblains in India. Covid-19 cutaneous presentations occur in 0.2% to 19.4% of people, but the frequency and timing are difficult to pin down. There is also a variable degree of association between the severity of the illness and specific skin manifestations.
Morphological and Morphometrical Analysis of Dry Human Scaphoid Bone in South Indian Population and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Maheswari K. Uma , Mohanraj Karthik Ganesh 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Scaphoid is the second largest among all the carpal bones, which is present on the radial side of the proximal row of carpal bones. Scaphoid Fractures are the most common of the carpal bone injuries. Scaphoid Fractures heal slowly due to thelimited blood circulation of the bone
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 Scaphoid Bones,which were collected from the Department of Anatomy,Saveetha dental college. By using digital vernier callipers,morphological and morphometrical parameters (length and breadth)of scaphoid bones were measured,tabulated and statistically analysed.
Results: All the 20 scaphoids showed the presence of tubercle. Double foramina in the main dorsal sulcus were seen in 7 right and 6 left specimens. No significant differences were found in lengths and breadths of the bone.In the present study, at least one foramen is found in all the main dorsal sulcus and the number of specimens showing presence of double foramen in the main dorsal sulcus are 7 right and 6 left specimens.
Conclusion: This study showed that no significant morphological and morphometric differences were found between right and left sides. The data obtained in the present study will be helpful for the hand surgeons, radiologists and clinical anatomists for surgical reduction to follow up the reunion of fractured scaphoid bones.
Highly Anisotropic Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanowalls Grown by Glancing‐Angle Deposition
Authors: Castillo‐Seoane Javier , Contreras‐Bernal Lidia , Obrero‐Perez Jose Manuel , García‐Casas Xabier , Lorenzo‐Lázaro Francisco , Aparicio Francisco Javier , Lopez‐Santos Carmen , Rojas Teresa Cristina , Anta Juan Antonio , Borrás Ana , Barranco Ángel , Sanchez‐Valencia Juan Ramon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolarizers are ubiquitous components in current optoelectronic devices as displays or photographic cameras. Yet, control over light polarization is an unsolved challenge, since the main drawback of the existing display technologies is the significant optical losses. In such a context, organometal halide perovskites (OMHP) can play a decisive role given their flexible synthesis with tunable optical properties such as bandgap and photoluminescence, and excellent light emission with a low non‐radiative recombination rate. Therefore, along with their outstanding electrical properties have elevated hybrid perovskites as the material of choice in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Among the different OMHP nanostructures, nanowires and nanorods have lately arisen as key players in the control of light polarization for lighting or detector applications. Herein, the fabrication of highly aligned and anisotropic methylammonium lead iodide perovskite nanowalls by glancing‐angle deposition, which is compatible with most substrates, is presented. Their high alignment degree provides the samples with anisotropic optical properties such as light absorption and photoluminescence. Furthermore, their implementation in photovoltaic devices provides them with a polarization‐sensitive response. This facile vacuum‐based approach embodies a milestone in the development of last‐generation polarization‐sensitive perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices such as lighting appliances or self‐powered photodetectors.
Epitaxial Growth of Ultrathin Highly Crystalline Pt–Ni Nanostructure on a Metal Carbide Template for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ding Hui , Wang Peng , Su Caijie , Liu Hongfei , Tai Xiaolin , Zhang Nan , Lv Haifeng , Lin Yue , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Xiaojun , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStructure engineering strategies such as core–shell and hollow nanostructures are effective pathways to improve the utilization of noble metals for catalysis. However, nowadays materials design based on these strategies still largely rely on precious metal templates. Herein, the epitaxial growth of highly crystalline Pt3Ni overlayer on earth‐abundant nickel carbide is reported, forming Ni3C@Pt3Ni core–shell nanoparticles with a well‐defined interface through a new lattice‐match‐directed synthetic strategy. Derived from such core–shell nanostructures, ultrathin highly crystalline Pt3Ni nanocages have an advantageous configuration of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)‐favored facets and inherently high active surface area for the ORR, bringing high mass activity and specific activity as much as 4.71 A mgPt−1 and 5.14 mA cm−2, which are 26 and 20 times to that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. This novel epitaxial growth of platinum opens up new avenues to rationally design highly active and economical electrocatalysts.
How to Compute the Contact Angle inside an Opaque Capillary Tube: A Universal Equation
Authors: Zhao Kaiqi , Sun Lidong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCapillarity is a ubiquitous and important phenomenon in nature. The Jurin's law establishes a relationship between the contact angle and the liquid rising height inside a capillary tube and is widely employed to evaluate the wettability of transparent tubes since 1717. However, it fails once encounters the opaque counterparts because of the invisible rising height. Here, an idea that correlates the contact angle with an intrinsic property of a matter, i.e., the mass is proposed. A universal equation is thus established to compute the contact angle using the liquid mass inside the capillary tube. The equation is systematically verified against the height measurement method adopting a series of quartz capillary tubes, where a good agreement is attained. An in situ approach of high sensitivity is hence derived and demonstrated to evaluate the capillary tubes regardless of the wettability, transparency, or materials. A theoretical basis is provided to assess the surface wettability inside capillary tubes in a more general way and thus a new avenue is opened to investigate the heat and mass transfer under spatial limitation with well‐defined surfaces for portable devices, flexible electronics, etc.
Salivary alpha‐synuclein as a potential fluid biomarker in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kharel Sanjeev , Ojha Rajeev , Bist Anil , Joshi Surya Prakash , Rauniyar Robin , Yadav Jayant Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionLewy bodies are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. There is a need for effective biomarker that is cost effective, less invasive, and easily reproducible with good sensitivity and specificity and can be used to diagnose the condition early and track its severity and progression. Alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn), an integral component of the Lewy body, is found in saliva and can be a potential answer to the above concerns.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CNKI databases, along with additional sites, were searched from January 2010 to August 2021. Standard mean difference (Hedges' g) with 95% CI was used to show an association. Statistical analysis was done using STATA software version 16 (StataCorp).ResultsWe found a significant reduction in the mean difference of total salivary α‐syn among PD patients compared to healthy controls. However, the mean difference of oligomeric α‐syn and oligo/total salivary α‐syn ratio was significantly increased among PD patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionOur systematic review and meta‐analysis found that salivary α‐syn parameters (total, oligomeric, oligo/total) can be considered a simple, easy‐to‐use, cost‐effective, and reliable diagnostic biomarker for PD and its progression.
Linear relationships for modeling CO2 absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions in a thermodynamically consistent way
Authors: Yuan Xiaoshuai , Ng Chin Feng , Nikolic Heather , Liu Kunlei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA thermodynamically consistent model for the carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in aqueous alkanolamine system is of great importance in the research and development of a CO2 capture process. To facilitate the development of thermodynamic models, linear Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity relationships using well‐known amines as reference are used to correlate the standard reference state properties of ionic species with those of molecular species in the electrolyte system, which has been approved to provide a reliable and consistent way to estimate required parameters when there is minimal or no appropriate experimental data available. The proposed relationships have been applied to the development of an electrolyte nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model for CO2 absorption in aqueous 1‐amino‐2‐propanol (A2P) solution, as an example to demonstration the methodology. With limited vapor–liquid equilibrium data and other thermodynamic properties, the parameters in the electrolyte NRTL model are identified with good accuracy.
Stable heterocyclic stannylene: The metal, ligand‐centered reactivity, and effective catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes
Authors: Arsenyeva Kseniya V. , Klimashevskaya Anastasiya V. , Pashanova Kira I. , Trofimova Olesya Yu. , Chegerev Maxim G. , Starikova Alyona A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Piskunov Alexandr V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA stable O,N‐heterocyclic stannylene 1 bearing novel tetradentate 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐((2‐(1‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)ethyl)phenyl)amino)phenolate ligand (RAPH2) was synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 is monomeric in crystal and solution due to two additional intramolecular N → Sn donor–acceptor interactions. The diverse reactivity of compound 1 towards various iron carbonyl compounds was studied. Oxidative addition of [Fe2(μ‐S2)(CO)6]2 to the tin center of 1 resulted in a new six‐coordinate Sn(IV) compound 2 containing two Sn–S bonds. The reaction of 1 with Fe2(CO)9 led to the formation of a stable tin(II) adduct 3 – RAPSn‐Fe(CO)4. The interaction between 1 and [(η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 resulted in a transformation of the ligand skeleton. During this reaction, the tin center is oxidized to the tetravalent state, and the donor ═N–CH2–Py group is converted into an anionic one with the loss of the methylene hydrogen atom. The molecular structures of all obtained compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The novel stannylene 1 demonstrates striking activity in benzaldehydes' hydroboration reactions down to 0.02 mole percent of the catalyst loading under mild conditions.
Highly efficient photocatalytic organic dyes degradation based on 1D magnetic Bi2Fe4O9/C@AgBr composite
Authors: Ma Mingliang , Chen Yan , Liu Yanyan , Jiang Jiabin , Jiao Zhengguo , Ma Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment has become a research hot issue in recent decade. Organic dyes as one of the main pollutants can change the water behavior. To deracinate the organic pollutants from wastewater, there are numerous methods have been taken into consideration. Photocatalysis is the promising strategy for the dye degradation with low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Hence, a novel one‐dimensional (1D) magnetic Bi2Fe4O9/C@AgBr composite photocatalyst was prepared employing electrospinning, calcination, and deposition–precipitation methods. The morphology and composition of photocatalyst were characterized, as well as the photocatalytic activities of degrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light were investigated. And the results exhibited that the efficiency of Bi2Fe4O9/C@AgBr under visible light for 60 min is 97.4%. After three cycles, the degradation efficiency of MB could still reach 88.0%. Moreover, radical quenching experiment implicated superoxide radical anions as the primary active species responsible for photodegradation of MB. This work provides a new insight into the design of effective photocatalysts for practical application.
Novel flexible piezoelectric‐conductive Janus nanofibers integrated membrane with enhanced pressure sensing performance
Authors: Hu Kongsen , Feng Jiyuan , Lv Nan , Jiang Wenbo , Lyu Zhiwei , Hai Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExploitation of soft piezoelectric sensing materials is fundamental to the research of energy‐harvesting devices and wearable electronics. However, a big challenge of piezoelectric materials application in micro‐scale sensing systems is to address the restrictions of electrode compatibility, miniaturization, multistep assembly, and high cost. Here, we propose a simple strategy to develop the coinstantaneous construction of piezoelectric materials and nanoresistance networks by fabricating electrospun piezoelectric‐conductive (polyacrylonitrile)//(polyaniline/polyvinyl pyrrolidone) (denoted [PAN]//[PANI/PVP]) Janus nanofibers (NFs). This peculiar Janus structure can collect and output voltage by conductive paths based on the Wheatstone bridge principle. Moreover, owing to the nanoscale asymmetric geometry for efficient polarization and induced charges collection, the Janus NFs show superior piezoelectric properties. As a result, flexible (PAN)//(PANI/PVP) Janus nanofibers integrated membrane (JNFIM) dispensing with two flat electrodes can directly output a high voltage of 2 V under a tiny force of 1 N. Furthermore, the JNFIM enables to detect pressures with extra‐high linear sensitivity (1.88 V N−1) and low detection limit (0.1 N). Thus, our work provides a simple route for the development of nanoscale, low‐cost, and high‐sensitivity integrated materials for pressure sensing, revealing promising applications in miniature robotics and wearable devices.
Marine mammal sensory systems: Special issue overview
Authors: Reidenberg Joy S. , Hanke Frederike D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine mammals are a unique group of organisms that are secondarily adapted to the aquatic environment. Their specific lifestyle requires numerous adaptations of anatomy and physiology in general, and sensory physiology in particular. During the course of evolution, marine mammal senses changed to fit with the specific requirements of underwater sensing, while at the same time retaining aerial sensing to various degrees. In this special issue, state of the art science in the field of marine mammal sensory research is reported for representatives of all marine mammal groups, unfortunately with the exclusion of the polar bear. The articles focus on somatosensation of the glabrous skin of cetaceans and mechanoreception, including haptics, hydrodynamics, and acoustics, to chemoreception. Articles even deal with electroreception, highlighting that the bottlenose dolphin can perceive weak electric stimuli, and vision, indicating that harbor seals are able to derive temporal information from an optical stimulus. Altogether this special issue illustrates the diversity of research in the field regarding sensory systems, species, or experimental approaches. The strength of this special issue lies in the combination of carefully conducted anatomical studies paired with observations and behavioral studies attempting to relate “form” and “function” as well as in the many impulses and future avenues mentioned by numerous contributions.
Brain Structural Changes During Juvenile Fibromyalgia: Relationships With Pain, Fatigue, and Functional Disability
Authors: Suñol Maria , Payne Michael F. , Tong Han , Maloney Thomas C. , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Coghill Robert C. , López‐Solà Marina 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveJuvenile fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent chronic pain condition affecting children and adolescents worldwide during a critical period of brain development. To date, no published studies have addressed the pathophysiology of juvenile FM. This study was undertaken to characterize gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in juvenile FM patients for the first time, and to investigate their functional and clinical relevance.MethodsThirty‐four female adolescents with juvenile FM and 38 healthy adolescents underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging examination and completed questionnaires assessing core juvenile FM symptoms. Using voxel‐based morphometry, we assessed between‐group GMV differences and associations between GMV and functional disability, fatigue, and pain interference in juvenile FM. We also studied whether validated brain patterns predicting pain, cognitive control, or negative emotion were amplified/attenuated in juvenile FM patients and whether structural alterations reported in adult FM were replicated in adolescents with juvenile FM.ResultsCompared to controls, juvenile FM patients showed GMV reductions in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) region (family‐wise error corrected P [PFWE‐corr] = 0.04; estimated with threshold‐free cluster enhancement [TFCE]; n = 72) associated with pain. Within the juvenile FM group, patients reporting higher functional disability had larger GMV in inferior frontal regions (PFWE‐corr = 0.006; TFCE estimated; n = 34) linked to affective, self‐referential, and language‐related processes. Last, GMV reductions in juvenile FM showed partial overlap with findings in adult FM, specifically for the anterior/posterior cingulate cortices (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively; n = 72).ConclusionPain‐related aMCC reductions may be a structural hallmark of juvenile FM, whereas alterations in regions involved in emotional, self‐referential, and language‐related processes may predict disease impact on patients’ well‐being. The partial overlap between juvenile and adult FM findings strengthens the importance of early symptom identification and intervention to prevent the transition to adult forms of the disease.
Understanding and Performance of the Zinc Anode Cycling in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries and a Roadmap for the Future
Authors: Shang Yuan , Kundu Dipan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy virtue of environmental benignity, inherent safety, and affordable cost of raw materials, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have witnessed tremendous upheaval in research interest and are considered to have enormous potential for stationary and renewable storage applications. Yet, the high activity of Zn in aqueous electrolytes triggers metal corrosion and hydrogen evolution, which, together with dendrite formation on zinc surface during its electrodeposition, leads to poor Coulombic efficiency and rapid short‐circuit failure during cycling. Therefore, to divulge a critical and in‐depth understanding of these underlying issues, (electro)chemical behavior of the Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes and corresponding theories are first discussed in this review. This is followed by a thorough discussion of various strategies, categorized based on the intrinsic mechanism, for the suppression of dendrite and parasitic side reactions that are ultimately intertwined. Finally, strategic recommendations are provided as a roadmap to coordinate research and development efforts, and the energy density analyses of a representative AZIB cell is presented to highlight technical and functional needs for the practical development of the technology. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Zn metal anode development for AZIBs and draw attention to pertinent criteria for performance assessment.
Dynamics of a DNA minicircle: Poloidal rotation and in‐plane circular vibration
Authors: Kim Minjung , Hong Chi Cheng , Lee Saeyeon , Kim Jun Soo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated the dynamics of a 90‐base pair‐long DNA minicircle with the sequence of (AT)45/(AT)45 using the all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The simulation was run for a duration of 5 μs and the internal dynamics was analyzed in terms of the poloidal rotation and the in‐plane circular vibration. The poloidal rotation was defined by the directional variation of each base pair relative to the plane of the DNA minicircle, and its correlation time was estimated to be 61 ns. The in‐plane circular vibration was measured as the radial distance variation of each base pair from the center‐of‐mass of the DNA, and the correlation time was 6.3 ns. The characteristic time scales determined for the poloidal rotation and the radial fluctuation suggest that the internal motion of a small DNA minicircle is highly dynamic. This work provides a new set of dynamic information for small DNA minicircles, available for future applications.
Being good at being good—The mediating role of an environmental management system in value‐creating green supply chain management practices
Authors: Jell‐Ojobor Maria , Raha Aveed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study adopts a resource‐based view to explain the complementary role of the corporate structure in the value creation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. Using 8‐year panel data collected from 317 US international manufacturers, we analyze the influence of GSCM practices on corporate financial performance (CFP) and the mediating role of a certified environmental management system (EMS) in this relationship. We show that GSCM practices have a positive impact on accounting‐based financial performance, meaning, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). In contrast, firms that implement GSCM practices and a certified EMS simultaneously achieve a higher market valuation in terms of Tobin's Q in addition to a higher ROA and ROE in the following year. Our study demonstrates that, through their synergistic combination with a firm's complementary EMS, utilizing GSCM practices can result in intangible assets as sources of long‐term financial benefits. Our results have several theoretical and managerial implications. They also address the limitations of the prior use of varying survey‐based items for internal and external GSCM practices and add nuance to the existing GSCM practices in the literature.