bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugarcane fertilization package with double row system to increase yield of first ratoon cane
Authors: Kadarwati F T , Riajaya P D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain a package of compound fertilization on a double row system on growth, cane yield, sugar content, and sugar yield on first ratoon cane (RC1) in dry land. The research was conducted from January to October 2016 at Asembagus Research Station, Situbondo, East Java. Six treatments of fertilizer packages were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four replications, consisting of standard fertilizer packages for a single row (6 quintal compound fertilizer NPK (15-15-15) + 5 quintals ZA) per ha, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 times the standard fertilizer package. The results showed that the highest RC1 sugarcane yield (138.57 t/ha) was achieved by fertilizing 8.4 compound fertilizer + 7 ZA (quintal/ha) or 1.4 times the standard dose, resulting in a 25.52% increase in sugarcane yield compared to standard fertilizer (110.40 t/ha). The sugar content did not differ among the treatments ranging from 9.2 to 10%. The highest sugar yield was 12.97 t/ha in line with sugarcane yield. This finding suggested the recommendation of a fertilizer package for a double row system in sugarcane.
Exploration and collection of sugarcane germplasm in Southeast Sulawesi and its importance
Authors: Abdurrakhman  , Setyo-Budi U , Djumali  , Heliyanto B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the major constraints in improving sugarcane productivity to achievenational self-sufficiency in sugar has been the low crop productivity and sucrose content. To alleviate the problem the use of high yielding variety with high sucrose content is imperative. To develop high-yielding sugarcane varieties germplasm with sufficient genetic variability is needed. At present, sugarcane germplasm collection at ISFCRI is very limited and hence needs to be broadened through exploration and collection mission to the center of diversity of the crop and its development areas. Based on the literature studies, information gathered from the local estate government and funding availability collection were focused in Kendari municipality, Muna district, and Buton district. The exploration mission successfully collected 66 sugarcane germplasm, consisting of 59 clones derived from local seed, 3 clones derived from seed originated from outside Southeast Sulawesi Province (South Sulawesi, Moluccas, and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces), and 4 wild Saccharum clones (Saccharum spp). Morphological variabilities were seen in terms of stem color, stem wax, and eye-bud shape. The importance of the collected germplasm is discussed.
The potential of area under young oil palm plantation on tidal swamps for soybean development
Authors: Harsono A , Harnowo D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Indonesia, soybean production during 2011-2020 only met 20-30% of the total need due to the decrease of the harvested area from 660 to 285 thousand ha. To achieve soybean self-sufficiency, the area of young oil palm plantations on tidal lands is potential for soybean development. In 2020, the areas reached 14.9 million ha with a growth rate of 8.68% year−1, meaning that at least every year, there is around 1.29 million ha of new oil palm areas potential for soybean production. Constrain for soybean growth on these lands are shading, low soil pH, and high Al-soil saturation. A solution for the shading problem is planting tolerant soybean varieties such as Dena1, Dena2, Denasa1, Denasa2, Argomulyo, and Dega1. The low soil pH and high Al saturation can be improved by using dolomite until the Al-dd saturation decreases to 20-30%. Soybeans can grow well under oil palm crops until the trees are 4 years old, with a potential production of >1.0 t ha−1, increases LER up to 1.8, and increases farmers’ income until the oil palm starts producing. Good planning and coordination among stakeholders for the input procurement, assistance, and farmers’ readiness would determine the success of soybean development on such lands.
Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantation
Authors: Wulandari S , Ferry Y , Hasibuan A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The demand for organic coffee is increasing in line with increasing competition and consumer preferences for healthier products. On the other hand, the application of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations is still low. The research aims to map the constraints of organic fertilizers usage and develop strategies to accelerate organic fertilizers application in smallholder coffee plantations. Data analysis was performed using the scoring method. The results showed that farmers applied more inorganic fertilizers. Constraints of organic fertilizers application are related to technical, economic, and institutional aspects. Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations include providing capital and financial support with subsidized interest rates and strengthening farmer institutions as the priority. Other strategies include introducing an integrated coffee livestock system and providing local government incentives for promoting and organic certification assistance. Institutions involved in implementing the strategy include local governments, research institutes, financial institutions, coffee processing industries, exporters, extension officers, certification bodies, farmers’ groups, cooperatives, and associations. The strategies are essential to overcome the existing problems and constraints in organic coffee farming development and increase farmers’ interest in applying organic fertilizers.
Coating formulas protect shelled nutmeg seeds from Aspergillus colonization
Authors: Supriadi  , Rahayuningsih S , Hardiyanti S , Sembiring B S , Ediningsih  
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoating of nutmeg seeds may prevent the colonization ofAspergilluscontamination. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of coating formulas toA. flavuson shelled nutmeg. Shelled nutmeg seeds were coated with aqueous (TT) and gel (GM+) formulas containing propylparaben (0.1%), potassium sorbate (0.8%), and clove oil (1.25%), and the aqueous GM- (0.65% clove oil and 0.4% potassium sorbate). The coated seeds were then sun-dried and sprayed withA. flavusconidia. The untreated control was only inoculated withA. flavus. The colonization ofA. flavuson the seeds was visually observed. The aflatoxins, propylparaben, and potassium sorbate in the treated seeds were analyzed with HPLC. The results showed that seeds treated with GM+, GM-, and TT formulas were visually free fromA. flavus. The total aflatoxins were not detected in the seeds treated with the GM+, but in the coated with GM- and TT was 0.95 µg/kg and 12.6 µg/kg, respectively. In the uncoated seeds, the total aflatoxins were 695.9 µg/kg. Propylparaben and potassium sorbate residues in the coated seeds were 66-11 mg/kg and 213-415 mg/kg, respectively. The coating formula effectively minimizedA. flavuscolonization and aflatoxin. Therefore, the coating formula could be used for reducingAspergilluscontamination.
Antioxidant activity of Artemisia (Artemisia annua) extract on several concentrations and solvents
Authors: Sembiring B , Gusmaini  , Nurhayati H , Kurniasari I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Artemisia contains secondary metabolites with antioxidants properties. The study aimed to obtain the type and concentration of effective solvents to produce Artemisia extract with maximum antioxidant activity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute in 2015. The Artemisia used for the research came from Lembang, West Java. The study was arranged in a randomized block design, 7 treatments, and 2 replications. The treatment consisted of a combination of two solvents (ethanol and methanol) and three solvent concentrations (50, 70, and 96%) and water as control. Artemisia was processed into powder and then extracted following the treatments. The extract obtained was then tested for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The type and concentration of solvent had a significant effect on the yield and antioxidant activity of Artemisia extract. The use of ethanol solvent resulted in higher extract yield and antioxidant activity than methanol. The higher the solvent concentration, the smaller the extract yield. The antioxidant activity of Artemisia ethanolic extract was stronger than methanolic extract. The IC50 value of the Artemisia ethanolic and methanolic extract were 20.61 ppm, and 25.06 ppm. The most effective solvent concentration to extract Artemisia was ethanol 70%.
Quality comparison of indirect sun-drying and sulphur fumigation methods on copra production and storage
Authors: Panjaitan L , Achrom M , Suherman B , Nursusilawati  , Fauziaty M R , Kurniasih K T , Wungkana J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As the most valuable product of coconut, copra demands good handling on its production to reduce cost in the extraction step. This work aimed to evaluate indirect sun-drying and sulphur fumigation methods to dry copra and their effects during storage. Five treatments of different dosages of sulphur fumigation (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 gr/m3), one non-fumigated indirect sun-dried treatment (NFNS), and one direct sun-dried treatment were done to observe the difference in the copra’s quality. Analysis showed that sulphur fumigation and NFNS treatments did not affect physical parameters like color, hardness, and water content. Furthermore, sulphur fumigated samples were found superior to the other treatments in terms of pest and microorganism activities even after two months of storage. Generally, the sulphur and free fatty acid (FFA) contents did not exceed the allowable threshold. Interestingly, however, it was found that the fumigated copras have the lowest while the NFNS treatment shows the highest percentage of FFA contents. Therefore, this study also suggests a 50 gr/m3 dosage of sulphur to maintain the copra quality during a longer storage time.
Nutritional improvement of oil palm and sugarcane plantation waste by solid-state fermentation of Marasmiellus palmivorus
Authors: Fitriyah F , Aziz M A , Wahyuni S , Fadila H , Permana I G , Priyono  , Siswanto  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The agricultural sector of Indonesia comprises large oil palm and sugarcane plantations. Nearly 50% of the material resulted in organic waste with high lignin and cellulose content during palm oil and sugarcane production. The lignocellulolytic activity of white-rot fungi has been reported to improve the digestibility and nutrient content of plantation waste into feedstock. This study treated lignocellulose waste, including palm kernel meal, oil palm empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, sugarcane tops, and sugarcane pressmud with white-rot fungi solid-state fermentation system in a petri dish with two replicates. The growth of the fungus in each waste was observed. The Nutrient content, including water, ash, lipid, protein, crude fiber; and the digestibility, including crude and organic fiber digestion of fermented and unfermented waste, were measured. The molecular identification of white-rot fungi in this study was revealed to be Marasmiellus palmivorus. The result indicated that fermentation of M. palmivorus increased the protein level of sugarcane pressmud, palm kernel meal, oil palm frond, and empty fruit bunch. Fermentation also improved digestibility up to 12%. It is concluded that M. palmivorus has a high potential to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of lignocellulose waste in oil palm and sugarcane plantations.
Biochemical changes of kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] kernels at eight levels of fruit storage duration
Authors: Virgian S , Aunillah A , Listyati D , Herman M , Pranowo D , Wardiana E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] fruit harvest is carried out according to physiological maturity, indicated by the fruit’s natural fall from the tree. The fruit collection period can take up to several days according to the processing mill’s minimum capacity. Constraints like this result in fruit collected at an earlier harvest cycle that will undergo a storage process for up to several days. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java. This study investigates the biochemical changes of Kemiri sunan kernels at eight levels of fruit storage duration. The design used was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications. The eight treatments were the fruit storage duration: 0 days (without storage) and storage for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days. The variables observed were the kernel’s moisture, ash, oil, protein, peroxide, and free fatty acids (FFA) content. The results showed that fruit storage decreased moisture and oil content but increased FFA content. Storage of fruit up to a maximum of 8 days does not change the kernels’ biochemistry, indicating that the fruit is still suitable for further processing.
Use of liquid natural latex for the manufacture of waterproof canvas fabric
Authors: Luftinor  , Nasruddin  , Agustini S. , Bondan AT. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Research on the use of liquid natural latex for waterproof canvas fabric coatings has been carried out by varying the volume of liquid natural latex in 4 levels, namely 0.5 liters, 1.0 liter, 1.5 liters, 2.0 liter, and varying the thickness of the coating material 10 g, 20 g, 30 g so that 12 types of waterproof canvas are obtained. The purpose of this study was to find the right formula in the manufacture of canvas fabric that has the properties of Water Resistance, Adhesion, Tensile Strength, Elongation at Break, and Tear Resistance according to the quality standards of woven fabrics for tents. The results of testing the physical properties of waterproof canvas fabrics as a whole almost meet the quality standards of woven fabrics for tents, except for the results of the waterproof strength test at a layer of 10 g. The best results were obtained in formula III with a coating of 20 g, getting water resistance values of 43.6 mBar, adhesive strength 0.8 kg/cm, tensile strength 88.2 kg and 77.8, elongation at break 40.8% and 20, 3%, Tear strength 21.5 kg and 19.4 kg for warp direction and weft direction.
Arthropod diversity in ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) plantation
Authors: Nurindah  , Sunarto D A , Sujak  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Understanding the diversity of arthropods in a crop ecosystem could be used as a basis to develop pest management in the crop cultivation. The insect pest management system for ramie has not been developed intensively in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of arthropods associated with ramie plantation. The research was done using a survey method in ramie plantations at Wonosobo, Central Java from August 2020 to March 2021. The survey method applied was direct and indirect observations. Direct observations were made visually, and indirect observations was using traps and sweep-nets. Observations were done at the age of plants 1-8 weeks. The results showed that arthropods associated with ramie plantations belong to eight orders, 26 families, and 45 species which were as herbivores, parasitoids, predators, pollinators, and decomposers. The diversity index was in the high category (H’ = 3.08 – 3.47), and the community evenness index was in the stable category (E = 0.81-0.93). Insects with herbivorous status had not caused significant damage to the plants, so that the ramie plantation in Wonosobo did not need any insect pest control actions.
Insect diversity on toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) plantation in Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Indriati G , Susilawati  , Puspitasari M , Soesanthy F , Tresniawati C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) is an important plantation commodity that serves as barrier to prevent erosion, as main material for bio-pesticides and as renewable source of biofuel production. It has been studied that toxic candlenut development in post-mining field can restore soil structure while also influencing environment surrounding, including insects. The study examined insect diversity in theR. trispermaplantation aged ±7 years in Bajawa field, East Nusa Tenggara from July 2018 until February 2019. Insect were collected by installed malaise traps, yellow traps, and pitfall traps in 5 different plots A, B, C, D, and E for 24 hours. Collected insects were then identified in the laboratory using identification book. The results showed there were 13 orders of insects were collected by traps. The diversity index (H’) of insect in the area were 4.053; 3.305; 3.521; 2.973 and 2.611 while the Evenness index (E) of insect were 0.872; 0.836; 0.780; 0.665 and 0.614 respectively. Insect diversity in the Bajawa plantation was high and the dominan individual was Hymenopteran and Dipteran. Several insects were inR. trispermaplant, as herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. Further research is needed to determine each family of insect’s role in theR. trispermaplantation.
Variation in yield, morphology, and phytochemical profiles of essential oils of nutmeg populations in Lampung
Authors: Bermawie N , Wahyuni S , Heryanto R , Andriyanti D T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nutmeg is native to the Moluccan islands of Indonesia, with primary products being seeds, mace, and essential oils. These are widely used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Nutmeg has been widely grown in Indonesia, including in Lampung. The study’s objective was to observe yield, morphological characteristics, and chemical constituents of nutmeg oil of the nutmeg germplasm population grown in Lampung. Five populations belonging to the farmers were selected based on yield. Observation on yield tree−1 and morphology was carried out from each population. Analyses of essential oil were taken from mature nutmeg collected from each selected tree, bulked, and analyzed population−1 using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry. Results showed there was a variation in yield among the population from 4972 to 6140. Morphological characteristics also showed variation within and between populations. A variation in the essential oil contents was observed. The number of detected chemical constituents in the essential oil of nutmeg seed varies from 26 to 39 compounds. Some of the major components found in the nutmeg oil were sabinene, myristicin, β-phellandrene, P-menth-1-en-4-ol, α-pinene, and gamma-terpinene. Myristicin content varies from 13.76 % to 27.99 %. The selected trees may be recommended as genetic material for nutmeg breeding programs.
Molecular identification of three endophytic fungi from eucalyptus leaves and their pathogenicity
Authors: Noveriza R , Gusmaini  , Nurhayati H , Roostika I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Eucalyptus leaves have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal components and have been use to treat colds, influenza, rhinitis, sinusitis, and other respiratory infections. Endophytic fungi can produce secondary metabolites similar to their hosts. The research was performed to assess the pathogenicity of species-specific endophytic fungi isolated from Eucalyptus leaves on Eucalyptus citriodora plantlets through in vitro inoculation and molecular identification. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crop Research Institute, Plant Protection Laboratory, from July 2020 – May 2021. Isolation of endophytic fungi was done by direct planting method, whereas purification and characterization of fifty isolates were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media for their activity as antimicrobial. Based on ITS sequence analysis, the DNA sequences of isolate A-TKR1 were identical to Aspergillus flavus, isolate E-TKR3 to Penicillium citrinum, and isolate ECT- TKR7 to Neofusicoccum parvum. The similarity of those isolates was 100%, 99.81%, 99.82%, respectively. The re-isolation analysis of infected tissues showed that A. flavus, P. citrinum, and N. parvum matched Koch’s postulates and confirmed endophytes’ presence within living tissues.
Combining tangential flow filtration and size fractionation of mesocosm water as a method for the investigation of waterborne coral diseases
Authors: Evans James S , Paul Valerie J , Ushijima Blake , Kellogg Christina A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The causative agents of most coral diseases today remain unknown, complicating disease response and restoration efforts. Pathogen identifications can be hampered by complex microbial communities naturally associated with corals and seawater, which create complicating “background noise” that can potentially obscure a pathogen’s signal. Here, we outline an approach to investigate waterborne coral diseases that use a combination of coral mesocosms, tangential flow filtration, and size fractionation to reduce the impact of this background microbial diversity, compensate for unknown infectious dose, and further narrow the suspect pool of potential pathogens. As proof of concept, we use this method to compare the bacterial communities shed into six Montastraea cavernosa coral mesocosms and demonstrate this method effectively detects differences between diseased and healthy coral colonies. We found several amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the diseased mesocosms that represented 100% matches with ASVs identified in prior studies of diseased coral tissue, further illustrating the effectiveness of our approach. Our described method is an effective alternative to using coral tissue or mucus to investigate waterborne coral diseases of unknown etiology and can help more quickly narrow the pool of possible pathogens to better aid in disease response efforts. Additionally, this versatile method can be easily adapted to characterize either the entire microbial community associated with a coral or target-specific microbial groups, making it a beneficial approach regardless of whether a causative agent is suspected or is completely unknown.