bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion in Differentiation of Benign
and Malignant Brain Lesions
Authors: Aralasmak Ayse , Cetinkaya Ezra , Atasoy Bahar , Tokdemir Sevil , Toprak Huseyin , Toprak Ali , Kurtcan Serpil , Alkan Alpay 
Published: March 2022

Background:
We aimed to differentiate Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) from benign lesions
like Developmental Venous Anomaly (DVA) and Cavernous Malformation (CM) by Dynamic
Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion (DCE-MRP) markers such as Ktrans, Ve, Kep, and IAUC.

Method:
We retrospectively evaluated 20 patients; 10 GBM as the malignant group, 5 CM and 5
DVA as the benign group. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and IAUC parameters were measured by DCE-MRP, within
the lesion, at perilesional nonenhancing white matter (PLWM) and contralateral normal appearing
white matter (CLWM).

Result:
All benign and malignant lesions exhibited significantly increased Ktrans, Ve, and IAUC
values compared to PLWM and CLWM (p < 0.001, p=0.006 and p<0.001). Subtracted Kep values
between lesion and PLWM were significantly different between the benign and malignant groups, as
the malignant group exhibited higher subtracted Kep values (p 0.035). For the malignant group; Ktrans
and IAUC values at the lesion were positively correlated (r 0.911), while Kep and Ve at CLWM were
negatively and strongly correlated (r 0.798). For the benign group; Ktrans with Ve and Ktrans with
IAUC at lesion (r 0.708 and r 0.816 respectively), Ktrans and IAUC at PLWM (r 0.809), Ktrans and
IAUC at CLWM(r 0.798) were strongly and positively correlated. Ktrans, Ve, and IAUC values can be
used to restrict the lesion in both groups.

Conclusion:
Ktrans strongly correlates with IAUC and they can be used instead of each other in both
benign and malignant lesions. Classical DCE-MRP parameters cannot be used in the differentiation of
malignant lesions from benign vascular lesions. However, subtracted Kep values can be used to differentiate
GBM from benign vascular lesions.
Ramalin: A Multi-Mechanistic Lichen Metabolite of Pharmacological Importance
Authors: Katiyar Deepti , Bansal Priya , Kumar Abhishek , Prakash Surya 
Published: March 2022

Background:Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl) hydrazide), a nitrogen containing lichen secondary metabolite was isolated decennium back from Ramalina terebrata, an Antarctic lichen. Since then it has attracted a number of researchers thus leading to various research investigations exploring the pharmacological potential of Ramalin in the past decade.Methods:The bibliographic databases were explored for the peer-reviewed research related to the pharmacological importance of Ramalin.Results:The article summarizes the antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antibacterial and anti-allergic activities of this molecule. Additionally, the studies conducted to show the potential of Ramalin in athercosclerosis, atopic dermatitis, neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis and its role in autophagy suppression and enzyme inhibition are also described briefly. Moreover, the experimental findings also depict that Ramalin did not show any toxicity.Conclusion:The current review shall be very useful for the future researchers interested to work on Ramalin because it summarizes all the relevant publications starting
Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Between Anti-Cancer Drugs and Other
Medications in Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rao Mahadev , Pinto Rosella Ayesha , Roy Arpita , Thomas Levin , Udupa Karthik S. , Guddattu Vasudeva 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Cancer patients are more vulnerable to developing drug-drug interactions
as multiple medications are administered concomitantly with cytotoxic agents to treat the
underlying comorbidities. These drug-drug interactions often receive less medical attention and
consequently are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Objective:
We intended to comprehensively characterize the drug-drug interactions among
anticancer drugs and other concomitantly prescribed drugs in hospitalized lung cancer patients.

Methods:
A retrospective, observational, single-centre study was conducted on lung cancer
inpatients from the medical records department of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India. Drug-drug
interactions were identified using the drug interaction checkers of two drug information databases,
Micromedex and Epocrates. These drug-drug interactions were categorized based on the source
from which they were identified, mechanism, severity/significance, adverse consequences, and
management strategies required.

Results:
Among 196 patients, 555 drug-drug interactions were identified in 185 patients using
Micromedex and Epocrates. Based on the mechanism of action, 74% and 22% of the drug-drug interactions
were classified as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic respectively. 112 drug-drug
interactions were recorded from Micromedex alone, while 549 interactions were found using
Epocrates. The oral chemotherapeutic drug gefitinib was found to be associated with the highest
number of drug-drug interactions.

Conclusion:
Drug-drug interactions were highly prevalent among hospitalized lung cancer
patients. Structured screening and monitoring for these potentially clinically relevant drug-drug
interactions by oncologists in collaboration with clinical pharmacists should be carried out prior to
initiation and during anticancer treatment to prevent adverse clinical outcomes.
Peimine Inhibits MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Modulating Inflammasome
Activation: Critical Roles of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Sun Jingqiu , Li Jing , Kong Xin , Guo Qingfeng 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Peimine (PM) is a bioactive compound obtained from Fritillaria. It has been documented that PM
exhibits potent antitumor properties against multiple cancers. However, the antitumor properties of PM in breast cancer
and its associated mechanisms have not been clarified.

Methods:
Proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells were detected by CCK8, colony formation, and
flow cytometry assays. Cytotoxicity was measured by Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. The level of IL-1β
and IL-18 were detected with ELISA kits. Western blotting and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction were performed
to analyze the expression of proteins and genes related to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and Endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Reults:
The doses of PM (5, 10, and 20 µM) inhibited cell viability significantly, apoptotic induction, and inflammasome activation in breast cancer cells in vitro. Inflammasome components were decreased, including the apoptosisassociated speck like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and NOD-like receptor pyrindomain-containing protein3
(NLRP3), as well as the inhibition of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β activation. Moreover, inflammasome inhibitors
suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis, implying that PM suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through
regulating inflammasome. Mechanistically, PM inhibited the activity of inflammasome by alleviating endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress and by down-regulating the expression of multiple proteins in transcription factor nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways.

Conclusion:
These findings show that PM suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells by inhibiting inflammasome
activation, to a certain extent, by primarily acting on the MAPK/NF-κB pathway's inactivation-dependent mechanisms.
A Therapeutic Journey of Pyridine-based Heterocyclic Compounds as Potent Anticancer
Agents: A Review (From 2017 to 2021)
Authors: Alrooqi Munira , Khan Sikandar , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Asiri Saeed A. , Alshamrani Meshal , Mashraqi Mutaib M. , Alzamami Ahmad , Alshahrani Asma M. , Aldahish Afaf A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Pyridine derivatives are the most common and significant heterocyclic compounds, which show their fundamental
characteristics to various pharmaceutical agents and natural products. Pyridine derivatives possess several
pharmacological properties and a broad degree of structural diversity that is most valuable for exploring novel therapeutic
agents. These compounds have an extensive range of biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer,
anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antineuropathic, antihistaminic, antiviral
activities, and antiparasitic. The potent therapeutic properties of pyridine derivatives allow medicinal chemists to synthesize
novel and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Consequently, the imperative objective of this comprehensive
review is to summarize and investigate the literature regarding recent advancements in pyridine-based heterocycles to
treat several kinds of cancer. Furthermore, the performances of pyridine derivatives were compared with some standard
drugs, including etoposide, sorafenib, cisplatin, and triclosan, against different cancer cell lines. We hope this study
will support the new thoughts to pursue the most active and less toxic rational designs.
Mini Review on Cariprazine: A Promising Antipsychotic Agent
Authors: Patel Ashish , Patel Arya , Patel Darshini , Patel Krina , Bambharoliya Tushar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Cariprazine is a piperazine derivative approved by the USFDA in 2015 as a novel atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) to treat adults with schizophrenia and bipolar manic or mixed episodes in adults. However, due to the partial agonist action on dopamine D2, D3 receptors, and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors as well as the antagonist effect on 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and H1 receptors, cariprazine differs pharmacologically from other APDs, both typical and atypical. Moreover, cariprazine also has a unique pharmacokinetic profile due to the formation of two clinically significant metabolites: desmethyl-cariprazine (DCAR) and desmethyl-cariprazine (DDCAR). They are eliminated by CYP3A4 and also, to a lesser extent, by CYP2D6. Here, we also review the effectiveness, safety, as well as current clinical update of cariprazine in bipolar I disorder associated with/without mania and schizophrenia through randomized and post-hoc analysis. The potential benefits of cariprazine as a promising therapeutic alternative in addressing major clinical requirements for better therapy of such severe neuropsychiatric conditions were demonstrated in this summarized review study.
Emergent Ophthalmic Disease Knowledge among Non-Ophthalmologist Healthcare Professionals in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alsaedi Mohammed Ghazi , Alhujaili Haneen Omar , Fairaq Ghadeer Saleh , Alwdaan Sohad Ali , Alwadan Rwaa Ali 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Patients with emergent ophthalmic diseases are likely to be examined by healthcare providers before an ophthalmologist, so it is essential that nonspecialists have adequate knowledge for recognition and preliminary diagnosis.

Objectives:
To assess knowledge of retinal detachment, acute angle-closure glaucoma, temporal arteritis, and central retinal artery occlusion among non-ophthalmologist healthcare professionals.

Methods:
We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of 351 healthcare workers, including medical residents, nurses, pharmacists, and optometrists, in western Saudi Arabia using a self-report questionnaire.

Results:
Total knowledge scores were 75.21% for retinal detachment and 74.9% for acute angle-closure glaucoma, but only 44.15% for temporal arteritis and 41.88% for central retinal artery occlusion. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that level of education was the most significant factor influencing knowledge of different eye diseases.

Conclusion:
Ophthalmologists are encouraged to promote greater awareness and provide other healthcare professionals with the knowledge required to recognize emergent eye diseases for early detection.
Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on M1/M2 Macrophage
Polarization in Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Azhdari Sara , Moghaddam Abbas Shapouri , Abdollahi Elham , Johnston Thomas P. , Ghaneifar Zahra , Vahedi Parviz , Goleij Pouya 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Due to their plasticity, macrophages exert critical effects on both promoting and
suppressing inflammatory processes. Pathologic inflammatory conditions are frequently correlated with
dynamic alterations in macrophage activation, with classically activated M1 cells associated with the promotion
and maintenance of inflammation and M2 cells being linked to the resolution or smouldering of
chronic inflammation. Inflammation deputes a common feature of various chronic diseases and the direct
involvement in the insurgence and development of these conditions. Macrophages participate in an autoregulatory
loop characterizing the inflammatory process, as they produce a wide range of biologically
active mediators that exert either deleterious or beneficial effects during the inflammation. Therefore,
balancing the favorable ratios of M1/M2 macrophages can help ameliorate the inflammatory landscape
of pathologic conditions. Curcumin is a component of turmeric with many pharmacological properties.

Objective:
Recent results from both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have indicated that curcumin can affect
polarization and/or functions of macrophage subsets in the context of inflammation-related diseases.
There is no comprehensive review of the impact of curcumin on cytokines involved in macrophage polarization
in the context of inflammatory diseases. The present review will cover some efforts to explore
the underlying molecular mechanisms by which curcumin modulates the macrophage polarization in distant
pathological inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, renal inflammation, stroke, atherosclerosis,
and macrophage-driven pathogenesis.

Result:
The accumulation of the findings from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies suggests that
curcumin beneficially influences M1 and M2 macrophages in a variety of inflammatory diseases with
unfavorable macrophage activation.

Conclusion:
Curcumin not only enhances anti-tumor immunity (via shifting M polarization towards M1
phenotype and/or up-regulation of M1 markers expression) but ameliorates inflammatory diseases, including
autoimmune diseases (experimental autoimmune myocarditis and Behcet's disease), nephropathy,
chronic serum sickness, stroke, and atherosclerosis.
Ciberespacio y Cibermundo: delimitaciones conceptuales desde el materialismo sistémico
Authors: Santana-Soriano Edwin , Báez Vizcaíno Katherine 
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se presenta una delimitación de los conceptos ciberespacio y cibermundo desde una perspectiva materialista sistémica emergentista. Para ello, se recurrió a un análisis teórico crítico de investigaciones previas en el que se evalúan las propuestas precedentes que han contribuido a la construcción de los conceptos en la forma en que son utilizados actualmente, pero que contienen una carga de vaguedad que, a la vez que pasa inadvertida, dificulta que se les dé un tratamiento científico riguroso. Se presenta, además, una caracterización original del cibermundo en la que se incluye un acercamiento a las posibles relaciones sociales que se dan a lo interno de los ciberespacios, y se propone un concepto de ciberespacio pluralizable que tiene en cuenta la posible emergencia de otros ciberespacios a partir de otras configuraciones materiales o con otros atributos distintos a los que ahora se conocen. Así mismo, se propone la utilización del concepto de cibermundo como un concepto emergente que da cuenta de la convergencia entre ciberespacios, las relaciones ciberespaciales (tanto a lo interno de cada ciberespacio como entre los distintos ciberespacios), y de la cibercultura que resulta e interactua con la cultura del mundo natural. El artículo abre diferentes líneas de investigación sobre las estructuras internas ciberespaciales, su clasificación y tipificación, así como sobre las posibles implicaciones éticas y ciberculturales; de igual modo, constituye una fundamentación para una ciencia cibersocial de base materialista emergentista.
Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Profile, and In-silico properties of Bioactive Compounds in Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Kandeepan C. , Sabitha M. , Parvathi K. , Senthilkumar N. , Ramya S. , Boopathi NM. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: March 2022

Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have been subject of interest since ancient time due to their use in food, industrial and biomedical applications. Research attention has further augmented to explore their phytochemical composition, properties, and potential application in the post-COVID era. In the present study phytochemical screening has been carried out with Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Phytochemical analysis of MLEMO revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenol, Proteins, Quinones, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Terpenoids. Further, GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 41 compounds of which Dihydroxyacetone; Monomethyl malonate; 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl; 1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl); Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, octyl ester; 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone; Sorbitol; Inositol; Cyclohexanemethanol, alpha-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl), Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl palmitate; n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid); 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; Phytol; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid; Octadecanoic acid; 9-Octadecenamide were prominent. Most of the compounds in the list are bioactive and possess medicinal properties that are expected to serve as a baseline lead for the development of therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Phytochemical screening; GCMS; Bioactive Natural Products; Moringa oleifera; MLEMO; Biomedical application
Total triterpene content, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity study of Securidaca longepedunculara Fresen
Authors: Karama Issa , Ouedraogo Vincent , Rouamba Ablassé , Compaoré Moussa , Kiendrebeogo Martin 
Published: March 2022

Plants are widely used in developing countries for traditional medicine. Knowledge of biological activities and phytochemistry is necessary for the safe use of these plants in traditional medicine. Securidaca longepedunculata is a medicinal plant whose roots are widely used in the treatment of several diseases. In this study the content of total triterpenes in leaf and root bark was assessed. The antioxidant activity by the ABTS method was evaluated as well as the effect of the extracts on lipid peroxidation of mice liver cell membranes. Acute toxicity was evaluated at the dose of 2000 mg / mL administered to the mouse. The results showed that the maximum values of the triterpenes contents of the leaves and of the root bark are 58 and 21 mg UAE / 100 mg respectively. Methanolic and chloroform extracts from leaves and root bark inhibited more than 50% of lipid peroxidation. The same extracts showed strong ABTS cation reduction activity. The leaf extract did not induce signs of acute toxicity in mice at a dose of 2000 mg / mL. The leaves of S. longepedunculata could be used in the management of pathologies associated with oxidative stress or which require biological properties relating to triterpene compounds.
Keywords: Securidaca longepedunculata, triterpenes, peroxidation, toxicity
Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in geese
Authors: Sartini Irene , Łebkowska-Wieruszewska Beata , Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Pietruk Konrad , Krawczyk Aleksandra , Gajda Anna , Lisowski Andrzej , Poapolathep Amnart , Giorgi Mario 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen (APAP) after single-dose IV and PO in the goose; to quantify APAP and its main metabolites in goose muscle, heart, lung, liver, and kidney; and to perform a histopathologic evaluation of goose stomach, duodenum, liver, and kidney tissues for potential signs of toxicity.

ANIMALS
24 geese.

PROCEDURES
Geese were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8). Group I received APAP (10 mg/kg) IV, and groups II and III received the same dose PO. Groups I and II were used for the pharmacokinetic assessment, and group III was used for the residue analysis and histopathologic evaluation. APAP and its metabolites were quantified in plasma and tissues by ultra–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental approach.

RESULTS
APAP plasma concentrations were lower than those of the metabolites in similar selected time points after both treatments. After IV treatment, the APAP area under the curve value was statistically higher than that after PO administration, resulting in an oral bioavailability of 46%. In contrast, the area under the curve of the metabolites following PO administration was statistically higher than those found after IV administration. Tissue residues of APAP were highest in the liver, with an accumulation index > 1. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was observed 24 hours after administration of APAP.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In geese, treatment by PO administration of APAP shows incomplete absorption and a slight accumulation in lung and liver. Tissue alterations occurred in the liver at 24 hours, while no signs of toxicity were found in the other tested organs.
Occurrence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Polish turkey flocks
Authors: Kursa Olimpia , Tomczyk Grzegorz , Sawicka-Durkalec Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry around the world. The bacterium often affects poultry as part of multiple infections causing very serious clinical signs that are usually not limited only to the respiratory system. This study’s main objective was the retrospective detection and identification of ORT in turkey flocks.

Material and Methods
ORT identification was performed in 6,225 samples taken from 133 different flocks between 2015 and 2020. Molecular methods were used, specifically real-time PCR and traditional PCR. We focused on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates, which were compared with sequences obtained from GenBank. The reaction products were analysed phylogenetically. Molecular methods indicating secondary infections was carried out, and the bacterial composition of the upper respiratory tract was 16S metasequenced for selected flocks to identify any other pathogens.

Results
The presence of ORT was detected in 30.83% of samples by real-time PCR and 28.57% by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products from the turkeys samples showed that their sequences resolved into two main genetic groups. Tests for the occurrence of secondary infections showed the presence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in some samples but the total absence of Bordetella avium. The upper respiratory tract in turkeys was dominated by two major phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the genera Ornithobacterium, Mycoplasma, Gallibacterium, Avibacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella were found which may include pathogenic bacteria that can cause clinical symptoms.

Conclusion
The results of the analysis of multiple infection carried out in flocks with respiratory signs are probably associated with outbreaks of ornithobacteriosis in turkey flocks in Poland.