bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of vitamin D on upper and lower body fat-free mass: potential mechanisms
Authors: Kirwan Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVitamin D insufficiency is a global health concern and low vitamin D status is regularly associated with reduced muscle mass and sarcopenia in observational research. Recent research using Mendelian randomization (MR) has highlighted the potentially causal positive effect of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) on total, trunk and upper body appendicular fat-free mass (FFM). However, no such effect was found in lower body FFM, a result that mirrors the outcomes of some vitamin D intervention studies. Here we review the current literature on vitamin D, muscle mass and strength and discuss some potential mechanisms for the differing effects of vitamin D on upper and lower body FFM. In particular, differences in distribution of the vitamin D receptor as well as androgen receptors, in the upper and lower body musculature, will be discussed.
The Eigenvalue Problem for the Regional Fractional Laplacian in the Small Order Limit
Authors: Temgoua Remi Yvant , Weth Tobias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this note, we study the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the regional fractional Laplacian $(-{\Delta })^{s}_{\Omega }$

(
−
Δ
)

Ω

s

as $s\rightarrow 0^{+}.$
s
→

0

+

.
Our analysis leads to a study of the regional logarithmic Laplacian, which arises as a formal derivative of regional fractional Laplacians at s = 0.
Measuring Gender Gaps in Time Allocation in Europe
Authors: Campaña Juan Carlos , Gimenez-Nadal Jose Ignacio , Velilla Jorge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the gender gap in time allocation in European countries, offering a comparison of the 2000s and the 2010s, along with an explanation of the documented gender gaps, based on social norms and institutional factors. The results show that the gender gap in both paid and unpaid work has decreased in most countries, but with a significant level of cross-country heterogeneity in the size of the gender gaps. More traditional social norms are related to greater gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work, while countries with better family-friendly policies and a greater representation of women in politics and in the labour market exhibit smaller gender inequalities. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of gender gaps in Europe, and attempts to monitor the progress towards the elimination of gender inequalities. Despite that some degree of gender convergence in paid and unpaid work has taken place, there remain inequalities in the distribution of labour in European countries, and possible solutions may be related to social norms and family-friendly policies.
‘Virtual’ Action Research: Two examples
Authors: Stowell Frank , Kramarova Pavla 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAction research is the predominant approach for organisational inquiry, but it comes in many guises and in some cases ends up as all action and no research. A common feature of all action research is the necessity to meet stakeholders in person in order to gain an understanding ‘from within’, this is particularly the case where ‘soft’ action research is the basis of the inquiry. In this paper first, we reflect, briefly, upon the history of action research and second, upon the lessons leant from the outcomes from two projects. The first project was conducted ‘virtually’, between a college in the USA and one in the UK and the second undertaken during the disruption caused by the restrictions arising from the Covid-19 pandemic. The experiences gained from these two ‘virtual’ action research projects and the lessons learnt are of interest to both the ‘traditional’ and ‘soft’ action research community.
Analysis of Residual Stresses and Dislocation Density of AA6082 Butt Welds Produced by Friction Sir Welding
Authors: Laska Aleksandra , Szkodo Marek , Cavaliere Pasquale , Moszczyńska Dorota , Mizera Jarosław 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method was employed to join AA6082 sheets. The welds were produced with different tool traverse speed (200 and 250 mm/min), rotational speed (1000 and 1250 RPM) and tool tilt angle (0 and 2 deg). Based on the analysis of XRD patterns, the total precipitation volume fractions in the nugget zones and the base material were calculated. The FSW process resulted in a reduction in the fraction of precipitates up to 64 pct compared to the parent material. Based on the Williamson–Hall analysis and indentation tests, the residual stresses were calculated. The highest tensile residual stresses of − 89.09 ± 6.19 MPa were observed for the base material, and the welding process reduced the residual stresses. The calculated dislocation density in the parent material AA6082 was equal to 8.225 × 1013 m−2, while in the welds a decrease was observed up to the value of 1.419 × 1013 m−2. In addition, the FSW process changed the nature of dislocations with edge-type dislocations dominating, while screw dominating character of dislocations were prevalent in the parent material. The mobility of dislocations in the studied welds was higher and reached the value of 16.78 × 10–7

$$\frac{m}{s}$$

m
s

, while the dislocation mobility in the parent material was equal to 3.19 × 10–7

$$\frac{m}{s}$$

m
s

. Process parameters during welding have a crucial effect on the amount of heat and strains introduced during the process, and thus influence the residual stresses, dislocation density and mobility, which might have a fundamental impact on the properties of the produced welds.
The thyrocervical trunk: an analysis of its morphology and variations
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Shafarenko Kyrylo , Rams Daniel , Dziedzic Martyna , Gabryszuk Kamil , Zarzecki Michał , Wojciechowski Wadim , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe number of studies on the variations of the branching of the TT is scarce, and those works that treat about the different types of the said trunk are oftentimes inconsistent. Therefore, the authors of the present study would like to propose a set of five types of TT, which were created based on observations of 41 computed tomography angiographies (82 TTs). To establish the anatomical variations, their prevalence, and morphometrical data regarding the TT and its branches, a retrospective study was performed. The results of 55 consecutive patients who underwent neck and thoracic computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analyzed. The analysis was performed on a total of 82 TTs of 41 patients, aged 15 to 82 years (mean age: 46 years; SD: 18.4), of which 16 (39.0%) were females, and 25 (61.0%) were males. Initially, 11 types of variations were evaluated, of which types 1–4 constituted 89.0%. Furthermore, a new method of classification of the anatomical variations of the TTs has been established. In this study, the variety of the branching and morphology of the TT was presented, proposing its novel classification based on the five most commonly prevalent types. Types 1 and 2 were the most common, with a prevalence of 26.8% each. This work also provides physicians with crucial data about the morphology of the TT and its branches, which can surely be of use when performing endovascular or reconstructive procedures in the cervical region.
Flexibility of Steklov eigenvalues via boundary homogenisation
Authors: Karpukhin Mikhail , Lagacé Jean 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, D. Bucur and M. Nahon used boundary homogenisation to show the remarkable flexibility of Steklov eigenvalues of planar domains. In the present paper we extend their result to higher dimensions and to arbitrary manifolds with boundary, even though in those cases the boundary does not generally exhibit any periodic structure. Our arguments use a framework of variational eigenvalues and provide a different proof of the original results. Furthermore, we present an application of this flexibility to the optimisation of Steklov eigenvalues under perimeter constraint. It is proved that the best upper bound for normalised Steklov eigenvalues of surfaces of genus zero and any fixed number of boundary components can always be saturated by planar domains. This is the case even though any actual maximisers (except for simply connected surfaces) are always far from being planar themselves. In particular, it yields sharp upper bound for the first Steklov eigenvalue of doubly connected planar domains.
Role of detached podocytes in differentiating between minimal change disease and early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, can we rely on routine light microscopy?
Authors: Sobh Mahmoud M. , El Kannishy Ghada , Moustafa Fatma , Eid Riham , Hamdy Nashwa , Tharwat Samar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Detachment of podocytes represents a turning point in the development of glomerular sclerosis and consequently, of CKD progression. Furthermore, detachment may differentiate minimal change disease (MCD) cases—which have only podocyte effacement—from early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in which effacement and detachment are observed by electron microscopy. Noteworthy, it is not uncommon for early FSGS to present with clinical presentation and light microscopy (LM) pictures identical to MCD. In our routine practice, we often find cells that lie freely in Bowman’s space by LM. In this study, we try to determine whether these cells are detached podocytes that are worth reporting or just an artifact that can be ignored.

Methods
To the best of our knowledge, no study has discussed the accuracy of LM in detecting detached podocytes by the routinely used stains. We retrospectively selected 118 cases that were diagnosed as MCD by LM, and searched for detached cells in Bowman’s space in their archived, routinely stained LM slides. After that, we tried to find any correlation between the clinical course, detached cells in LM picture and the EM reports.

Results
LM can significantly detect detached podocytes with a positive predictive value of 93%, specificity of 85%, and sensitivity of 46%. Significant correlations were found between detached cells and degree of proteinuria and late steroid resistance.

Conclusion
Detecting detached podocytes by LM is a specific finding
that must be reported whenever detected, as it predicts response to steroids and may be able to differentiate MCD from early FSGS by identifying patients who could have podocytopenia.
Students’ Strategic Usage of Formative Quizzes in an Undergraduate Course in Abstract Algebra
Authors: Feudel Frank , Unger Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBesides homework assignments, optional quizzes are a commonly used means for formative assessment in tertiary mathematics education. Instructors, for example, implement these to help students detect gaps in their understanding, or to foster a continuous and active engagement with the content. The extent to which these goals are reached, however, strongly depends on how students actually use such quizzes, which is currently an underexplored topic. We investigated this issue in an undergraduate abstract algebra course with a study using a mixed-methods design. Unlike previous research suggesting that students use optional quizzes in tertiary mathematics courses mainly for rehearsal or for a final self-check of their own performance, our study indicates that students also use such quizzes in many other ways, for example for planning their further learning, or for deepening their understanding of the content of the course. Furthermore, our study shows differences regarding students’ quiz usage during the semester and when preparing for the final exam. Finally, the data propose factors that influence the way students use optional quizzes, for example time constraints due to other obligations during the semester, the perceived difficulty of the questions, or the opportunity to discuss these with peers. This leads to several suggestions regarding the implementation of optional quizzes into tertiary mathematics courses.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Functionalized Separators for Robust Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Yang , Ruan Pengchao , Mao Caiwang , Chang Yuxin , Wang Ling , Dai Lei , Zhou Peng , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , He Zhangxing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the promising energy storage systems, which consist of electrode materials, electrolyte, and separator. The first two have been significantly received ample development, while the prominent role of the separators in manipulating the stability of the electrode has not attracted sufficient attention. In this work, a separator (UiO-66-GF) modified by Zr-based metal organic framework for robust AZIBs is proposed. UiO-66-GF effectively enhances the transport ability of charge carriers and demonstrates preferential orientation of (002) crystal plane, which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite-free zinc deposition. Consequently, Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|Zn cells exhibit highly reversible plating/stripping behavior with long cycle life over 1650 h at 2.0 mA cm−2, and Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|MnO2 cells show excellent long-term stability with capacity retention of 85% after 1000 cycles. The reasonable design and application of multifunctional metal organic frameworks modified separators provide useful guidance for constructing durable AZIBs.
High-Entropy Perovskite Oxide: A New Opportunity for Developing Highly Active and Durable Air Electrode for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Liu Zuoqing , Tang Zhengjie , Song Yufei , Yang Guangming , Qian Wanru , Yang Meiting , Zhu Yinlong , Ran Ran , Wang Wei , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReversible proton ceramic electrochemical cell (R-PCEC) is regarded as the most promising energy conversion device, which can realize efficient mutual conversion of electrical and chemical energy and to solve the problem of large-scale energy storage. However, the development of robust electrodes with high catalytic activity is the main bottleneck for the commercialization of R-PCECs. Here, a novel type of high-entropy perovskite oxide consisting of six equimolar metals in the A-site, Pr1/6La1/6Nd1/6Ba1/6Sr1/6Ca1/6CoO3−δ (PLNBSCC), is reported as a high-performance bifunctional air electrode for R-PCEC. By harnessing the unique functionalities of multiple elements, high-entropy perovskite oxide can be anticipated to accelerate reaction rates in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. Especially, an R-PCEC utilizing the PLNBSCC air electrode achieves exceptional electrochemical performances, demonstrating a peak power density of 1.21 W cm−2 for the fuel cell, while simultaneously obtaining an astonishing current density of − 1.95 A cm−2 at an electrolysis voltage of 1.3 V and a temperature of 600 °C. The significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and durability of the PLNBSCC air electrode is attributed mainly to the high electrons/ions conductivity, fast hydration reactivity and high configurational entropy. This research explores to a new avenue to develop optimally active and stable air electrodes for R-PCECs.
Aqueous Two-Phase Interfacial Assembly of COF Membranes for Water Desalination
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Zhao Jiashuai , Li Yang , Cao Yu , Zhu Ziting , Wang Meidi , Zhang Runnan , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAqueous two-phase system features with ultralow interfacial tension and thick interfacial region, affording unique confined space for membrane assembly. Here, for the first time, an aqueous two-phase interfacial assembly method is proposed to fabricate covalent organic framework (COF) membranes. The aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol and dextran undergoes segregated phase separation into two water-rich phases. By respectively distributing aldehyde and amine monomers into two aqueous phases, a series of COF membranes are fabricated at water–water interface. The resultant membranes exhibit high NaCl rejection of 93.0–93.6% and water permeance reaching 1.7–3.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, superior to most water desalination membranes. Interestingly, the interfacial tension is found to have pronounced effect on membrane structures. The appropriate interfacial tension range (0.1–1.0 mN m−1) leads to the tight and intact COF membranes. Furthermore, the method is extended to the fabrication of other COF and metal–organic polymer membranes. This work is the first exploitation of fabricating membranes in all-aqueous system, confering a green and generic method for advanced membrane manufacturing.
Conservative management of air leak syndromes as a complication of asthma exacerbation: two case reports
Authors: Escobar-Serna Diana Paola , Peralta-Palmezano Fernando Javier , Peralta-Palmezano Juan Javier , Medina-Barragán Juanita María , Bachiller-Tuta William Ricardo , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare disorder, secondary to lung over-inflation. Patients with this disorder have dyspnea, chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema. Treatment consists of analgesia, rest, oxygen therapy, and management of the underlying condition. Being a rare disorder, we present two cases of exacerbated asthma complicated with spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum as part of an air leak syndrome. A 2-year-old child with asthma-related subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, confirmed with chest computed tomography, treated successfully with conservative management, and discharged on day 8. Another 16-year-old boy with asthma-related subcutaneous emphysema, successfully treated with conservative management, and discharged on day 4. Our air leak syndrome was managed with a conservative treatment, with satisfactory results, avoiding complications of surgical managements. Our case reports focus on topics pertinent to the pediatric generalist, allowing pediatrics colleagues to provide improved care.
Who Dislikes Whom? Affective Polarization between Pairs of Parties in Western Democracies
Authors: Gidron Noam , Adams James , Horne Will 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile dislike of opposing parties, that is, affective polarization, is a defining feature of contemporary politics, research on this topic largely centers on the United States. We introduce an approach that analyzes affective polarization between pairs of parties, bridging the US two-party system and multiparty systems in other democracies. Analyzing survey data from twenty Western democracies since the mid-1990s, first, we show that partisans' dislike of out-parties is linked to elite policy disagreements on economic issues and, increasingly over time, also to cultural issues. Secondly, we argue and empirically demonstrate that governing coalition partners in parliamentary democracies display much warmer feelings toward each other than we would expect based on elite policy (dis)agreements. Third, we show that radical right parties are disliked much more intensely than we would expect based on policy disputes and coalition arrangements. These findings highlight the policy-based and institutional underpinnings of affective polarization.
Interfaith Dialogue and Mystical Consciousness
Authors: Portilla Isaac 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the meeting of faith traditions—interfaith dialogue—from the perspective of mystical consciousness. In doing so, it aims to understand the dynamics and potentialities of interfaith mysticism. The contribution of this article to religious studies, in combination with theological inquiry, is threefold: first, it illuminates how the Trinity is directly experienced in interfaith contexts; second, it provides an interfaith framework that accounts for the possibilities, complexity, and challenges of interfaith encounters; third, it shows how Gavin Flood’s three orders of discourse—traditions’ experience and texts, interpretation within traditions, and academic inquiry—can be applied to the study of interfaith mysticism, employing a phenomenological emphasis on hermeneutics. The inquiry is located within the context of representatives of Hindu mystical consciousness (Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Aurobindo) and the Christian interfaith tradition (Henri Le Saux, Bede Griffiths, David Steindl-Rast), in conversation with Raimon Panikkar’s and Francis X. Clooney’s approaches to interreligious studies.
The Difficult Airway Redefined
Authors: Burgess Matthew B. , Schauer Steven G. , Hood R. Lyle , De Lorenzo Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is no all-encompassing or universally accepted definition of the difficult airway, and it has traditionally been approached as a problem chiefly rooted in anesthesiology. However, with airway obstruction reported as the second leading cause of mortality on the battlefield and first-pass success (FPS) rates for out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) as low as 46.4%, the need to better understand the difficult airway in the context of the prehospital setting is clear. In this review, we seek to redefine the concept of the “difficult airway” so that future research can target solutions better tailored for prehospital, and more specifically, combat casualty care. Contrasting the most common definitions, which narrow the scope of practice to physicians and a handful of interventions, we propose that the difficult airway is simply one that cannot be quickly obtained. This implies that it is a situation arrived at through a multitude of factors, namely the Patient, Operator, Setting, and Technology (POST), but also more importantly, the interplay between these elements. Using this amended definition and approach to the difficult to manage airway, we outline a target-specific approach to new research questions rooted in this system-based approach to better address the difficult airway in the prehospital and combat casualty care settings.
‘For You Will (Still) Be Here Tomorrow’: The Many Lives of Intergenerational Equity
Authors: Bertram Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article traces the various legal incarnations of the intergenerational equity principle. Despite its silent proliferation in international and constitutional laws over the past five decades, the principle dwelled mostly at the margins of inquiry and practice. Recent efforts to counteract global warming have allowed intergenerational claims to gain new traction. Building on a comparison of ten climate-related lawsuits, I analyze the latest advances in the representation, conceptualization, and remediation of future generations’ interests. Against the backdrop of growing willingness to engage with intergenerational disputes, legal decision makers will need to confront two thorny challenges going forward. Firstly, evolving doctrines of extraterritoriality and legal subjecthood increasingly require the protective scope of the principle to extend to foreign citizens and non-human persons. Secondly, awareness of dispersed and interlocked long-term risks may trigger the application of intergenerational doctrines beyond a narrow environmental frame. Grappling with these challenges implicates larger reflections about the role of law in contriving our collective future.