bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different nitrogen additions on microbes and exopolysaccharides excretion in cyanobacterial biocrusts
Authors: Qian Long , Xiao Jingshang , Zhang Zulin , Yang Lie , Xia Ling , Farías María E. , Torres Rosa María , WU LI 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, it has been found that nitrogen (N) deposition could strongly affect the spatial pattern of biocrusts by reducing their cover. However, as the key cementing materials in the formation and stabilization of biocrusts, little has been known about the response of exopolysaccharides (EPS) excreted by cyanobacteria in biocrusts to N deposition.
Method
Three N sources nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), urea nitrogen (UN) with three gradients (2 mg/g, 4 mg/g, 8 mg/g) were set to evaluate the effects of N addition on the growth of biocrusts.
Results
Our results showed that AN and UN (2–4 mg/g) both strongly decreased the cyanobacterial biomass in biocrusts, indicated by chlorophyll-a and 16s rDNA gene copy-number. The results also suggested that although medium and high NN (4–8 mg/g) inhibited the growth of dominant cyanobacteria (Microcoleus vaginatus) in biocrusts, they promoted other cyanobacterial growth. High-throughput sequencing results suggested N increased the α-biodiversity of biocrusts, and bacterial community shifted from more Cyanobacteria to more Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, especially driven by AN and UN. Notably, EPS was significantly reduced after high-N addition, and the co-reduction of cyanobacterial biomass and EPS would affect the stabilization of early-stage biocrusts. Meanwhile, the reduced proportion of Rhamnose and Fucose in EPSs may further reduce the adhesion of EPS to soil.
Conclusion
These findings improve our understanding of biocrusts' responses to N deposition. Considering the importance of cyanobacteria and EPS in biocrusts, cyanobacterial biocrust coverage may face more serious challenges with the continuous increasing N deposition in drylands.
Modelling Bodyweight to Avoid Anthelmintic Underdosing of Goats in Resources Limited Settings
Authors: Evans Mike , Kaona Love , Barros Allan Kardec Duailibe , Bailey Jordana Burdon , Chikungwa Patrick , Costa-Junior Livio Martins , Gamble Luke , Hopker Andy , Kelly Rob , Lohr Frederic , Silva Ronaldo , Sargison Neil Donald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a need to improve the management of endemic diseases of livestock in resource limited settings as a means towards improved human nutrition and livelihoods. Gastrointestinal nematode infections (GIN) are some of the most significant endemic diseases, and improved management would significantly improve animal health and production. Anthelmintics play a role in GIN management; however, very few anthelmintics are available in many low-middle income countries. Utilising a limited range of anthelmintic classes may increase selection for anthelmintic resistance, as well as reducing mitigation strategies once resistance establishes. Strategies to reduce other selective pressures for anthelmintic resistance are therefore of heightened importance. Avoiding anthelmintic underdosing is one such strategy, and whilst it may appear simple, it can be challenging in settings without access to accurate bodyweight measurement. Many previous studies have used thoracic girth as a practical proxy for bodyweight in goats; however, they have rarely considered the potential impact of natural variation on therapeutic doses. Here, the relationship between bodyweight and thoracic girth was modelled using data from 820 goats from three Malawian biomes in two seasons, with the specific aim of avoiding underestimation of bodyweight. This resulted in the development of a simple linear regression (readily convertible into a weigh tape) that was internally cross-validated and then successfully tested against data from an additional 352 Malawian goats (from the same 3 biomes, across two seasons). Further testing using a historical dataset of 150 goats from Assam, India suggests that a more globally generalisable approach would be feasible.
Wool dyeing using Ziziphus bark extract as a natural dye: Studies on the dyeing, antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics
Authors: Mirnezhad Somayeh , Sadeghi-Kiakhani Mousa , hashemi elaheh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Considering the growing importance of natural colorants and sustainable products, the research on application of natural dyes has been focused on new color resources, identification and standardization of natural dyes. Hence, the extraction of natural colorants available in Ziziphus bark was performed by ultrasound technique and its application on the wool yarn to produce the antioxidant and antibacterial fibers. Results indicated that the optimize condition for extraction process was achieved at ethanol/water (1/2 v/v) as solvent for extraction, concentration of ziziphus dye 14 g/L, pH 9, extraction temperature 50 ºC, time 30 min, and L.R ratio 50:1. Moreover, the effect of important variables for application of ziziphus dye on the wool yarn were investigated and optimized temperature 100°C, concentration of ziziphus dye 50% o.w.f., time for dyeing 60 min and pH 8, and L.R 30:1. The reduction values of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria on dyed samples at optimized condition were 85% and 76%, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant property of dyed sample was 78%. The color variations on the wool yarn were produced with diverse metal mordants, and color fastness properties were measured. Ziziphus dye not only can be used as an origin for a natural dye, but also provided the antibacterial and antioxidant agent on the wool yarn, which can be a step towards the fabrication of green products.
On the measurement of scaling factors in the RW3 plastic phantom during high energy electron beam dosimetry
Authors: Baghani Hamid Reza , Andreoli Stefano , Robatjazi Mostafa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ionometric electron dosimetry inside water-equivalent plastic phantoms demands special considerations including determination of depth scaling and fluence scaling factors (cpl and hpl) to shift from in-phantom measurements to those relevant to water. This study evaluates these scaling factors for RW3 slab phantom and also introduce a new coefficient, k(RW3), for direct conversion from RW3 measurements to water without involving scaling factors. The RW3 solid phantom developed by the PTW Company was used and the corresponding scaling factors including cpl, hpl, and k(RW3) were measured for conventional electron energies of 4, 6, 9, 12, and 16 MeV. Separate measurements were performed in water and in the RW3 slab phantom using the Advanced Markus chamber. The validity of the reported scaling factors was confirmed by comparing the direct and indirect percentage depth dose (PDD) measurement in water and in the RW3 phantom. The cpl values for the RW3 phantom were respectively equal to 0.915, 0.927, 0.934, 0.937, and 0.937 for 4, 6, 9, 12, and 16 MeV electron energies. The hpl and k(RW3) values were dependent on the investigation depth and on the electron energy. Application of the cpl-hpl factors and of the k(RW3) coefficients to measured data inside the RW3 can reliably reproduce the measured PDD curves in water. The mean difference between the PDDs measured directly and indirectly in water and in the RW3 phantom was less than 1.5% in both approaches for PDD conversion (cpl-hpl coupling and the use of k(RW3)). The scaling factors measured and the k(RW3) coefficients are sufficiently relevant to mimic water-based dosimetry results through indirect measurements inside the RW3 slab phantom. Nevertheless, employing k(RW3) is more straightforward than the cpl-hpl approach because it does not involve scaling and it is also less time-consuming.
Genetic characterization of indigenous duck of Tripura state in India using microsatellite markers
Authors: Debnath Jowel , Debnath Somen , Sarkar Debajyoti , Debroy Biplab , Kumar Mritunjay , Das Ananta Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exploring genetic variability by microsatellite markers is essential for genetic improvement, preservation of indigenous breeds and production of high quality offspring. Lack of information on microsatellite profiling of indigenous duck of Tripura has endorsed interest for this present study. Genomic DNA from randomly selected thirty six (36) native ducks was analysed at twenty five duck specific microsatellite loci, alleles were separated on 3.4% MetaPhore™ agarose and their sizes were determined by Image Lab software. Allelic data were analyzed by POPGENE version 1.31. All the studied loci demonstrated polymorphic patterns resolving 112 alleles. Allele number varied from 2 to 15 and average number of allele (Na) was 4.480 ± 0.659. Allele sizes and allele frequency ranged from 96 to 357 bp and 0.014 to 0.819, respectively. Average Nei’s heterozygosity, effective number (Ne) of alleles and Shannon’s Information index (I) were 0.617 ± 0.036, 3.538 ± 0.527 and 1.184 ± 0.112, respectively. The estimated Botstein’s polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.252 (CAUD020) to 0.911 (CAUD019) with an average of 0.562 ± 0.040 and sixteen loci were moderate to highly polymorphic and informative (PIC˃0.5). Ne was less than Na at all the loci, indicating prevalence of heterozygosity. Chi-square and G-square statistics revealed Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium at all the loci. Moderate to high level of polymorphism at all analyzed microsatellite loci indicated that these markers might be helpful for genetic characterization and adoption of appropriate conservation strategies to exploit optimum genetic potentiality of indigenous duck of Tripura.
Analysis of risk factors of intracavitary treatment of hypokalemia in patients with urinary calculi
Authors: Lu Dongming , Ye Shuchao , Liao Shangfan , Wu Yongyang , Sun Yingming , Zhou Wenhu , Lian Zhoubiao , Liao Xiaohui , Xie Xueping , Guo Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: 30% of patients with hypokalemia develop ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Through clinical observation, we found that there are more patients with hypokalemia after surgical treatment of urinary calculi; as far as we know, there is no study on the changes of serum potassium after intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi.
Objective: The change of electrolyte level through intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi (including URSL, PCNL, FURS combined with double endoscopy). To analyze the risk factors of hypokalemia and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for peri-operative management of intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi.
Methods: 585 patients with urolithiasis (including URSL, MPCNL, FURS) from January 2020 to August 2021 were collected and analyzed. The relationship between age, sex, basic diseases, clinical manifestations, mode of operation, operation time, urinary leukocyte, urine culture, serum creatinine, electrolyte, location and size of urinary calculi and serum potassium were analyzed, and the independent risk factors were analyzed.
Results: Among the 228 eligible patients, the proportion of women with HK was 63% higher than that of 37% in NG group, 3% in diabetic patients with HK, lower than that in NG group, 14.1% white blood cells in urine of HK (188.5 / ul) was higher than that of NG (96.4 / ul), and the serum creatinine (76mmol/L) before HK was lower than that of NG (85mmol/L). There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, BMI, basic diseases complicated with hypertension and coronary heart disease, clinical manifestations of low back pain and fever, positive urine culture before operation, anti-infection, blood magnesium, blood sodium, blood glucose, stone size, urine red blood cell count and operation time. Compared with men, women had diabetes. The OR values of ureteroscopy and flexible ureteroscope relative to percutaneous nephroscope and urinary leukocyte ≥ 120 / uL were 2.325, 7.793, 3.993, 2.09, respectively.
Conclusion: Female, diabetes, ureteroscope, flexible ureteroscope and urinary calculi with elevated white blood cells may develop hypokalemia during the peri-operative period, so we should pay attention to blood potassium supplement.
Large depth-of-field ultra-compact microscope by progressive optimization and deep learning
Authors: Zhang Yuanlong , Xie Jiachen , Song Xiaofei , Hu Jing , Chen Jiawei , Li Xiang , Zhang Haiyu , Zhou Qiqun , Yuan Lekang , Kong Chui , Shen Yibing , Wu Jiamin , Fang Lu , Dai Qionghai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The optical microscope is customarily an instrument of substantial size and expense but limited performance. Here we report an integrated microscope that achieves the optical performance beyond a commercial microscope with a 5× objective but only at 0.15 cm3 and 0.5 gram, whose size is five orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional microscope. To achieve this, a progressive optimization pipeline is proposed which systematically optimizes both aspherical lenses and diffractive optical elements with over 30 times memory reduction compared to the end-to-end optimization. By designing a simulation-supervision deep neural network for spatially-varying deconvolution during optical design, we accomplish over 10-times improvement in the depth of field compared to traditional microscopes with great generalization in a wide variety of samples. To show the unique advantages, the integrated microscope is equipped in a cell phone without any accessories for the application of portable diagnostics. We believe our method provides a new framework for the design of miniaturized high-performance imaging systems by integrating aspherical optics, computational optics, and deep learning.
Temporal and spatial characteristic of Green Total Factor Productivity in Energy-intensive Industry in China
Authors: Lin Jinxian , Zhang Ling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
China's Energy-intensive Industry (EII) is characterized by high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions. It is essential to boost this sector's green total factor productivity (GTFP) in order to support the sustainable development of the China’s economy and help to achieve the objective of carbon neutrality. This work measures the evolution of GTFP in EII and its subsectors at provincial and regional level from 2001 to 2019, identifies the causes of these changes, and finally analyze the particular spatial aggregation effect of GTFP in EII. It is discovered that the GTFP of China's EII has significantly improved throughout the sample period and exhibits a spatial structure of "high in the coastal areas and low in the west and center". The main driver of GTFP growth for China's EII and its subsectors was technological advance. Smelting and pressing of on-ferrous metals (SPNM) was the industry with the most significant technological progress. Remarkable spatial correlations existed among the GTFP of EII at provincial level. The GTFP values of EII in coastal regions are relatively high and tend to benefit the adjacent provinces but there is a polarization effect in the Middle Reaches of Yellow River (YR). Finally, policy implications are provided for the sustainable development of China's EII.
Analysis of related factors of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis
Authors: xu xiaotong , jin jinglan , liu yuwei , Li Hang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and aims:
To investigate the usefulness of IL-6、TNF-α、Protein C(PC) and Thromboelastography (TEG) to serve as a predictor of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with liver cirrhosis. At the same time, we explored the clinical significance of the above indicators in the disease progression.
Methods: A total of 123 patients with liver cirrhosis were recruited from May 2021 to December 2021, according to the imaging findings. They were divided into the PVT group (n=52) and the non-PVT group (n=71). Furthermore, patients with PVT were divided into plasma transfusion groups (n=13) and non-plasma transfusion groups (n=39). The basic general information, past medical history, laboratory, and imaging examination data were collected and analyzed.
Results: In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference in IL-6, PC, R, Angle, MA, and CI between the two groups (P > 0.05). TNF-α in the PVT group was significantly lower than that in the non-PVT group (P =0.001). K in the PVT group was significantly higher than that in the non-PVT group (P =0.031) There was no significant difference in IL-6, TNF-α, PC, or TEG between different Child-Pugh classification groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in TEG between the plasma transfusion group and the non-plasma transfusion group. In Binary logistic regression analysis, TNF-α (OR=0.9881,95%CI=0.971,0.990,P＜0.001) ,K(OR=1.28,95%=1.053,1.569，P=0.014) ,APTT (OR=0.753,95%CI=0.656,0.865,P＜0.001) , diameter of portal vein (OR=1.310,95%CI=1.108，1.549，P=0.002）and the history of splenectomy or embolism (OR=7.565,95%CI=1.514，37.799，P=0.014）were related to the formation of PVT. Conclusions: TNF-α, K, APTT, the diameter of the portal vein and the history of splenectomy or embolism were the related factors of PVT formation, but IL-6 was not related to the formation of PVT.
Improving Autoencoder-Based Anomaly Detection in Embedded Systems using Data Transformation
Authors: de Oliveira Jose Paulo G. , Bastos-Filho Carmelo J. A. , Oliveira Sergio Campello 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quality control is a critical aspect of modern electronic circuit industry. In addition to being a prerequisite for proper functioning, circuit quality is closely related to safety, security, and economics. Deep learning models have been extensively used in embedded systems testing and anomaly detection. However, performance is heavily dependent on the data available for training. Often, the number of samples or even its quality is limited. This leads to poor training process and low performance. We present a solution to improve anomaly detection in embedded systems by transforming time signals acquired from the printed circuit board under test. The proposed approach is experimentally validated in two autoencoder-based anomaly detection systems. Hence, two types of signals are analyzed: electric current and thermographic signatures. In both cases, electrical or thermographic signals are pre-processed prior to being converted into spectrogram images, which are then used to train and test the autoencoder. The achieved anomaly detection accuracy improvement for the thermographic case is 71%, compared with the raw data. For the electric current case, we show how data transformations enable autoencoder training where, using raw data, training is not feasible. In this case, we find accuracy improvements of up to 98%. The results indicate that, even in a scenario where the available data are limited, it is possible to achieve an acceptable performance using the proposed technique.
Enhancing Structural Plasticity of PC12 Neurons During Differentiation and Neurite Regeneration with a Catalytically Inactive Mutant Version of the zRICH Protein
Authors: Bandla Ashoka C. , Sheth Aditya S. , Zarate Sara M. , Uskamalla Suraj , Hager Elizabeth C. , Villarreal Victor A. , González-García Maribel , Ballestero Rafael P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Adult humans, as warm-blooded vertebrates, do not regenerate axons in their central nervous system (CNS) spontaneously. Conversely, cold-blooded vertebrates demonstrate remarkable abilities for nerve regeneration in their CNS. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of nerve regeneration have led to the discovery of several proteins that are induced during successful nerve regeneration. RICH proteins were identified as proteins induced during the regeneration of the optic nerve of teleost fish. These proteins are 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide, 3’-phosphodiesterases that can bind to cellular membranes through a carboxy-terminal membrane localization domain. They interact with the tubulin cytoskeleton and are able to enhance neuronal structural plasticity by promoting the formation of neurite branches.
Results
PC12 stable transfectant cells expressing a fusion protein combining a red fluorescent protein with a catalytically inactive mutant version of zebrafish RICH protein were generated. These cells were used as a model to analyze effects on neuritogenesis. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis methods were developed to determine the effects of expressed proteins on neuritogenesis with this model system.
Conclusions
Two different methods indicated that the catalytically inactive RICH protein induced the formation of branching points and secondary neurites both during differentiation and neurite regeneration. The use of a fluorescent fusion protein facilitates detection of expression levels, and a procedure based on analysis of random field images was developed to increase the efficiency for determining effects of expressed proteins on neuronal structural plasticity, providing comparable results to classic neurite tracing methods.
Fossil organic carbon utilization in marine Arctic fjord sediments
Authors: Ruben Manuel , Hefter Jens , Schubotz Florence , Geibert Walter , Butzin Martin , Gentz Torben , Grotheer Hendrik , Forwick Matthias , Szczucinski Witold , Mollenhauer Gesine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent research has challenged the traditional view of rock-derived or petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) as non-bio-available and bypassing the active carbon cycle when eroded and buried in marine sediments1and identified it as a potential source of fossil greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere2. Due to rising global temperatures, glacial OCpetroexport rates are expected to increase3, thus, increasing the amount of OCpetroaccessible to modern microbes in downstream depositional environments like the carbon burial “hot spots” of fjord sediments4. Using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of fatty acids from intact polar lipids derived from live microbes, we were able to quantify the bio-availability of OCpetroin marine sediments in Hornsund Fjord, Svalbard. Our data indicate that local bacterial communities utilize between 5 ± 2% and 55 ± 6% of OCpetro(average of 25 ± 16%) for their biosynthesis, providing evidence for OCpetrobio-availability and its importance as substrate after redeposition. We hypothesize that the lack of sufficient recently synthesized organic carbon from primary production forces microbes into OCpetroutilization as an alternative energy source. The enhanced input of OCpetroand subsequent utilization by subsurface microbes represents an increasing natural source of fossil greenhouse gas emissions and a potential further positive feedback mechanism in a warming climate.