bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dermatoscopic findings of alopecia areata and tinea capitis in pediatric patients
Authors: Gundogdu Mustafa , Botsali Ayşenur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePediatric patients often reveal localized alopecic foci on the scalp. The essential point upon approaching a child with localized alopecia is distinguishing the two most common causes, alopecia areata and tinea capitis, as their treatments are entirely different. Although potassium hydroxide examination is the preferred method for their clear distinction, dermatoscopy is also emerging as a rapid diagnostic tool. This study aimed to assess and compare the dermatoscopic findings of alopecia areata and tinea capitis.Materials and MethodsEnrolled in this study were 34 children with tinea capitis and 21 children with alopecia areata admitted to a single‐center outpatient clinic between 2017 and 2021. The authors confirmed all children's diagnoses by an integrative evaluation of clinical features, potassium hydroxide examination results, and treatment response patterns. Clinical features and the variables of interest (dermatoscopic findings) were investigated through the medical records and the baseline dermatoscopic images.ResultsThe most common dermatoscopic finding within the tinea capitis cohort was comma hairs, detected in 33 (97.1%) of the patients. Other findings of the tinea capitis group included squamation (n = 31, 91.2%), broken and dystrophic hairs (n = 30, 88.2%), corkscrew hairs (n = 24, 70.6%), zigzag hairs (n = 18, 52.9%), and pigtail hairs (n = 9, 26.5%). The most common dermatoscopic finding within the alopecia areata cohort was exclamation mark hairs (n = 13, 61.9%), that was followed by black dots (n = 9, 42.9%), yellow dots (n = 8, 38.1%), vellus hairs (n = 6, 28.6%), and broken and dystrophic hairs (n = 5, 23.8%).ConclusionAmong the detailed evaluation of dermatoscopic findings of tinea capitis and alopecia areata patients, the only overlapping feature was dystrophic and broken hairs that could be present in both diseases; but were more common within the TC group than within the AA group (88.2% vs. 23.8%).
‘Nurses’ self‐management support to hospitalised patients: A scoping review
Authors: Otter Caroline E.M. , Keers Joost C. , Smit Jakobus , Schoonhoven Lisette , de Man‐van Ginkel Janneke M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo review the current literature to map and explore the interventions that have been considered or used by nurses to support adult patients’ self‐management during hospitalisation.BackgroundNurses can play an important role in supporting patients’ self‐management. Currently, however, it is unclear how nurses perform this task during a patient's stay in hospital. Traditionally, nurses take the primary role in managing patients’ care during hospitalisation. Ideally, patients should have the opportunity to continue applying strategies to manage their health conditions as much as possible while in the hospital. This can increase patients’ self‐efficacy and decrease unnecessary readmissions.DesignScoping review informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.MethodsA database search was undertaken using Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Embase and grey literature sources. Data from the included studies were mapped and summarised in a narrative summary. To synthesise the information that was given about each intervention, we conducted a qualitative inductive content analysis. Results are reported in accordance with the guidelines for reporting Items for systematic review and meta‐analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA‐ScR) (Supplementary File 1).Results83 documents were included in this review. Based on the information about the interventions, three themes were identified: ‘self‐management support activities’, ‘focus of self‐management support’ and the ‘intervention procedure’. Five self‐management support activities can be distinguished: ‘giving education’, ‘counselling and coaching’, ‘enhancing responsibility’, ‘engaging family‐caregivers’ and ‘supporting transition from hospital to home’. The interventions focused on improving disease‐related knowledge and on strengthening several self‐management skills. Information about the procedure, development and the theoretical underpinning of the intervention was often limited.ConclusionsMost activities within the nursing interventions to support adult patients’ self‐management during hospitalisation are the part of regular nursing care. However, the transfer of responsibility for care task to the patient is relatively new. Further research could focus on developing interventions addressing all aspects of self‐management and that are embedded in the patient's care pathway across settings.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical nurses may improve nursing care by supporting all aspects of patients’ self‐management and facilitate patients as much as possible for taking responsibility for self‐management tasks during hospitalisation.
The Effect of Preceramic Soldering on Fracture Resistance of 4‐Unit Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: İrem Diler Özkan , Cömert Zekeriya Yaşar , Alpkılıç Dilara Şeyma , Keleşoğlu Ergün , İşler Değer Sabire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposePreceramic soldering of zirconia may deliver better fitting restorations. However, there is not sufficient evidence regarding the influence of preceramic soldering of zirconia restorations on mechanical strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preceramic soldering on the fracture load of 4‐unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Materials and methodsEighty samples of 4‐unit FDPs between maxillary right first premolar and maxillary right second molar were prepared and two restorative materials were used as a framework (Z) and monolithic restoration (M). The samples were divided into two subgroups as control (C) and study (S). The restorations of study groups (S) were divided into two pieces and soldered with a bonding material (DCM HotBond Zirkon). The groups were divided into two subgroups for thermal cycle (T) application. After soldering and thermal cycling application, 4‐point bending test was applied to the samples at a cross‐head speed of 1 mm/min in a universal testing machine and the fracture load was recorded. The data was analyzed statistically, and the level of significance was set at α = 0.001.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found among the groups, based on the results of maximum failure loads (p < 0.001). The highest mean failure load was observed in the ZCT(‐) group (1094.1 + 139.77 N), while the lowest mean failure load was obtained in the ZST(+) group (627.7 + 82.14 N). No significant difference was found among the groups MC and MS, MC, and ZC groups (p > 0.001). Thermal aging application caused lower fracture resistance in control and soldering groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe preceramic soldering applications affected zirconia group negatively. However, the values were above the clinically acceptable static load bearing capacity for posterior teeth. Soldering did not cause a statistically significant difference for the fracture strengths of monolithic zirconia groups. Thermal cycling affected the fracture strength of zirconia and monolithic zirconia restorations negatively.
Understanding how Canadian healthcare providers have learned to identify co‐occurring PTSD symptoms and dementia in Veterans
Authors: Ritchie Kim , Cramm Heidi , Aiken Alice , Donnelly Catherine , Goldie Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Little is known about how PTSD and dementia in Veterans is identified by health care providers.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Healthcare providers identify those behavioural symptoms experienced by older people living with dementia that represent an unmet need associated with PTSD secondary to military service. Once healthcare providers recognize the presence of symptoms relevant to PTSD, they modify their care approach to include focused/tailored non‐pharmacological care interventions that address environmental and situational variables that reflect military action.

What are the implications for practice?

Specialized education and training is needed to improve the identification of PTSD when existent with other co‐occurring neurocognitive conditions such as delirium, dementia and depression.

AbstractIntroductionCo‐occurring PTSD and dementia in Veterans can be difficult to distinguish from dementia‐related responsive behaviours, which may result in inappropriate care management. Improved identification of PTSD and dementia is necessary to inform more appropriate and effective care for Veterans.Aim/QuestionThe purpose of this study was to understand how Canadian healthcare providers have learned to identify the co‐occurrence of PTSD symptoms in Veterans with dementia.MethodsEight semi‐structured interviews employing the Critical Incident Technique were conducted with key informant healthcare providers who treat Veterans from across Canada. Framework analysis was used to code, sort and develop themes.ResultsObserved differences in Veterans with PTSD and dementia cued healthcare providers to seek our more information, leading to a new understanding of past trauma underlying the symptoms they observed. Healthcare providers then altered their usual care approaches to utilize trust‐based and validation‐oriented strategies resulting in more effective care management.DiscussionImprovement in the identification of co‐occurring PTSD and dementia in Veterans requires specialized education and training for healthcare providers.Implications for PracticeRecognizing the complex needs of older Veterans with co‐occurring PTSD and dementia is necessary for healthcare providers to implement more effective care for this population.Relevance StatementThis paper provides mental health nurses with new understanding of co‐occurring PTSD and dementia in Veterans. With an ageing Veteran population in Canada, mental health nurses need to be knowledgeable about the care for Veteran specific mental health needs.
Effects of esterification, saturation and amount of fatty acids infused into the rumen or abomasum in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Litherland Noah B. , Beaulieu Angela Denise , Reynolds Christopher K. , Drackley James K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur objective was to determine the effects of chemical structure, amount, and site of infusion of long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA) in lactating dairy cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 21‐d periods. During d 1 to 14, 250 g/d of LCFA and during d 15 to 21, 500 g/d of LCFA were infused continuously into either the rumen or abomasum. Treatments were 1) Control (CONT); 200 g/d of meat solubles plus 12 g/d of Tween 80 in 10 L of water, administered half in the rumen and half in abomasum; 2) control plus mostly saturated LCFA into the abomasum (SFAA); 3) control plus mostly saturated LCFA into the rumen (SFAR); 4) control plus soy (mostly unsaturated LCFA) free fatty acids (FFA) into the abomasum (UFAA); 5) control plus soy triglycerides (TG) into the abomasum (TGA); and 6) control plus soy TG into the rumen (TGR). The first 10 d of each period were for adaptation and washout from the previous treatment. The diet consisted of 30% (dry matter basis) corn silage, 20% alfalfa silage and 50% concentrate. Cows infused with UFAA had lower dry matter intake and milk yield than those infused with SFAA or TGA and reductions were greater at the higher infusion amount. Milk fat yield was decreased by UFAA relative to other treatments. Unsaturated LCFA decreased milk fat yield more than saturated LCFA. All LCFA treatments decreased short‐ and medium‐chain FA in milk relative to CONT, with greatest decreases for UFAA. Apparent total tract digestibilities of nutrient fractions were decreased by UFAA compared with TGA and SFAA and tended to be lower at the higher infusion amount. Apparent digestibility of total fatty acids (FA) was greater for SFAR than for SFAA. Plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 was greater for cows infused with UFAA than SFAA or TGA and increased at the higher amount. Plasma cholecystokinin was greater for cows infused with LCFA compared with CONT. Postruminal unsaturated FFA reduced intake and digestibility of nutrients and FA compared with postruminal TG infusion; saturated FA did not decrease dry matter intake or disrupt nutrient digestion. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 may be involved in regulation of feed intake by long‐chain fatty acids.
Dilemmas of Immigrant Asylum Claims for Expert Witnesses
Authors: Jones Nathan P. , Campbell Howard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExpert witnesses are key players in immigration asylum proceedings. In many cases, their testimony is the difference between prompt deportation and some form of relief. However, political and economic structures overdetermine the factual and legal dimensions of immigrant asylum claims. The U.S. immigration system from its inception has been heavily politicized and discriminatory. The problem has become even more pronounced since the election of Donald Trump as president. This article examines political, economic, and ethical dilemmas of immigrant asylum claims for expert witnesses. These include issues related to the caliber of judges and lawyers, the geographic location of legal proceedings, challenges of telephonic versus in‐person testimony, moral questions regarding whether to participate in a rigged system, the weight given to expert opinions, unrealistic standards of evidence, obstacles to the presentation of social scientific data, and expert witness burnout.
A rice single cell transcriptomic atlas defines the developmental trajectories of rice floret and inflorescence meristems
Authors: Zong Jie , Wang Li , Zhu Lu , Bian Lianle , Zhang Bo , Chen Xiaofei , Huang Guoqiang , Zhang Xuelian , Fan Junyi , Cao Liming , Coupland George , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing , Yuan Zheng 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Rice inflorescence development determines yield and relies on the activity of axillary meristems (AMs); however, high‐resolution analysis of its early development is lacking.

Here, we have used high‐throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing to profile 37 571 rice inflorescence cells and constructed a genome‐scale gene expression resource covering the inflorescence‐to‐floret transition during early reproductive development. The differentiation trajectories of florets and AMs were reconstructed, and discrete cell types and groups of regulators in the highly heterogeneous young inflorescence were identified and then validated by in situ hybridization and with fluorescent marker lines.

Our data demonstrate that a WOX transcription factor, DWARF TILLER1, regulates flower meristem activity, and provide evidence for the role of auxin in rice inflorescence branching by exploring the expression and biological role of the auxin importer OsAUX1.

Our comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of early rice inflorescence development, supported by genetic evidence, provides single‐cell‐level insights into AM differentiation and floret development.
Genome of Hippophae rhamnoides provides insights into a conserved molecular mechanism in actinorhizal and rhizobial symbioses
Authors: Wu Zefeng , Chen Hongyun , Pan Ya , Feng Huan , Fang Dongming , Yang Jun , Wang Yayu , Yang Jun , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Liu Jianling , Xing Yu'e , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Min , Luo Xinyue , Gao Peng , Li Lifeng , Liu Zhongjian , Yang Huanming , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Liu Huan , Wang Ertao 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a horticulturally multipurpose species in the family Elaeagnaceae, can build associations with Frankia actinomycetes to enable symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing. Currently, no high‐quality reference genome is available for an actinorhizal plant, which greatly hinders the study of actinorhizal symbiotic nodulation.

Here, by combining short‐read, long‐read and Hi‐C sequencing technologies, we generated a chromosome‐level reference genome of H. rhamnoides (scaffold N50: 65 Mb, and genome size: 730 Mb) and predicted 30 812 protein‐coding genes mainly on 12 pseudochromosomes.

Hippophae rhamnoides was found to share a high proportion of symbiotic nodulation genes with Medicago truncatula, implying a shared molecular mechanism between actinorhizal and rhizobial symbioses.

Phylogenetic analysis clustered the three paralogous NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) genes of H. rhamnoides with those of other nodulating species, forming the NIN group that most likely evolved from the ancestral NLP group. The genome of H. rhamnoides will help us to decipher the underlying genetic programming of actinorhizal symbiosis, and our high‐quality genome and transcriptomic resources will make H. rhamnoides a new excellent model plant for actinorhizal symbiosis research.
The relationship between apelin and carotid intima media thickness, and the presence of plaque in dialysis patients
Authors: Karaer Büberci Refika , Öztekin Pelin Seher , Duranay Murat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundApelin is a peptide that has important effects on the cardiovascular system due to its anti‐atherogenic properties and regulating blood pressure. There is not enough research evaluating the effects of apelin levels on the cardiovascular system in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients concurrently. The aim of this study was to determine apelin levels in dialysis, and control groups and to investigate the relationship between apelin and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).Materials and methodsThirty three HD patients, 35 PD patients, and 15 healthy individuals were included in the study. All laboratory data, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), IL‐6, and apelin‐13 levels were analyzed. To prevent interobserver errors in CIMT measurement, the analyses were performed by a single radiologist.ResultCIMT, presence of plaque, apelin, NT‐proBNP, IL‐6, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher in dialysis patients. There was a relationship between apelin and CIMT, and between apelin and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in PD patients. Age, apelin, HDL, parathormone (PTH), glucose, and smoking were found to affect the presence of plaque in dialysis patients.ConclusionApelin levels were high in dialysis patients. Especially in PD patients, there was a negative correlation between apelin and CIMT, and between apelin and HDL. Therefore, apelin may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in PD patients.
Combining exercise and nutrition in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: Can we learn from the performance nutrition of athletes?
Authors: Meade Anthony , McLaren Carla , Bennett Paul N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe benefits of exercise interventions in individuals with chronic kidney disease have been widely reviewed; however, exercise has not yet been incorporated into routine clinical practice. In athletic populations, the goals of exercise training are to improve a specific aspect of physical performance such as strength or endurance, to ultimately optimize physical performance. This contrasts with many chronic kidney disease exercise studies where the goals are more aligned to a minimal effect, such as prevention of decline in physical function, frailty or protein energy wasting (PEW), weight loss for cardiovascular disease risk reduction, and risk minimization for mortality. In athletic populations, there are common targeted nutrition strategies used to optimize physical performance. In this review, we consider the evidence for and potential benefits of targeted nutrition strategies to complement well‐designed exercise interventions to improve physical performance in people with chronic kidney disease and dialysis. Overall, we found a small number of studies using targeted protein supplementation in combination with a variety of exercise protocols; however, results were mixed. Future studies in people with chronic kidney disease should optimize acute (pre, during, and postexercise) and chronic nutritional status, utilizing targeted nutrition interventions proven in athletes to have benefit.
Beyond donors: Toward a sociology of campaign expenditures
Authors: Katz Nathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe sociology of campaign finance overwhelmingly focuses on donation patterns and ties between donors, lobbyists, and candidates. However, less attention has been paid to ideological influences on campaign finance reform and other forms of expenditures. As a result, the sociological understanding of the role of money in democracy has great potential for development. This paper suggests that the new institutionalist perspective, particularly when treating ideas as a causal force, allows for a stronger understanding of campaign finance reform's impact on the public sphere. It does so by linking campaign finance law, political organizing, and campaign spending, specifically for the purpose of political advertising, together. TheCitizens United v. FECSupreme Court ruling provides an empirical example of these institutionalizing effects, tracking its impact across all three components of the public sphere. Approaches to new institutionalist analysis of campaign finance are also discussed.
Scalarized non-topological neutron stars in multi-scalar Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Staykov Kalin V. , Zheleva Radostina Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present paper we construct novel non-topological, spontaneously scalarized neutron stars in multi-scalar Gauss–Bonnet gravity with maximally symmetric target space, and nontrivial map $$\varphi :spacetime \rightarrow target\ space$$

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e
t
i
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. The theory is characterized by the fact that for some classes of coupling functions the field equations allow solutions with trivial scalar field, which coincide with the general relativistic ones. For a certain range of parameters those solutions lose stability and new branches of solutions with nontrivial scalar field bifurcate from the trivial branch. For a given set of parameters, those branches are characterized by the number of zeros of the scalar field, and they are energetically more favorable than the general relativistic ones.
Evidence for the maximally entangled low x proton in Deep Inelastic Scattering from H1 data
Authors: Hentschinski Martin , Kutak Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the proposal by Kharzeev and Levin of a maximally entangled proton wave function in Deep Inelastic Scattering at low x and the proposed relation between parton number and final state hadron multiplicity. Contrary to the original formulation we determine partonic entropy from the sum of gluon and quark distribution functions at low x, which we obtain from an unintegrated gluon distribution subject to next-to-leading order Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov evolution. We find for this framework very good agreement with H1 data. We furthermore provide a comparison based on NNPDF parton distribution functions at both next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading with small x resummation, where the latter provides an acceptable description of data.