bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Zinkhomöostase von Pseudomonas aeruginosa als
potenzielles Target für virulenzmindernde Wirkstoffe – Konzept
und Screening von Naturstoffen
Authors: Jacobtorweihen Joshua , Spiegler Verena 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas gramnegative Bakterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ist für eine
Vielzahl schwerer nosokomialer Infektionen verantwortlich und besitzt eine oftmals
hohe Resistenz gegen gängige Antibiotika. Um die Resistenzentwicklung zu
vermindern, besteht ein Ansatz der antibakteriellen Wirkstoffentwicklung darin,
antivirulente Substanzen zu ermitteln, welche das Infektionsgeschehen im Wirt
verringern. Zu den Virulenzfaktoren zählen beispielsweise Proteine zur
Adhäsion des Bakteriums an die Wirtszelle, zur Invasion in die Zelle oder
auch die Sekretion von zelltoxischen Substanzen.Die Aufnahmeeffizienz des physiologisch wichtigen Kations Zink(II) hat Einfluss auf
verschiedene bakterielle Virulenzfaktoren, wie beispielsweise die Biofilmbildung.
Außerdem spielen Zink und andere Spurenelemente eine wichtige Rolle
für das Bakterienwachstum im Wirt, der seinerseits versucht, deren
Verfügbarkeit zu minimieren. Dieser Teil der Pathogen-Wirt-Interaktionen
wurde erst vor wenigen Jahren entdeckt und stellt daher einen neuen und
vielversprechenden Ansatzpunkt zur Testung neuer Wirkstoffe dar. Aufgrund des
Zusammenhangs von Metallaufnahme, Virulenz und Proliferation lassen sich Effekte auf
die Schwermetallaufnahme mittels Proliferationsassays an Bakterien einfach in
Screenings mit einer großen Anzahl an Substanzen umsetzen. Im Anschluss an
ein primäres Screening müssen die erhaltenen Hits weiter untersucht
und ihre Wirkweise charakterisiert werden. Im besten Fall lassen sich so Substanzen
entdecken, die spezifisch die bakterielle Zinkhomöostase hemmen.Auf diese Weise wurde von uns ein Screening einer kleinen Naturstoffbibliothek
durchgeführt, in dem sich einige primäre Hits identifizieren
ließen, die schließlich jedoch keine zinkabhängige Wirkung
auf die Proliferation besaßen. Um einen vollständigeren
Überblick über die methodologischen Ansätze und
Erfolgsaussichten solcher Screenings zu geben, werden in diesem Artikel neben dem
von uns durchgeführten Proliferationsscreening an P. aeruginosa auch
drei in der Literatur beschriebene Screenings genauer beleuchtet.
Das Mikrobiom und die Pflanzen
Authors: Schwiertz Andreas 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Mensch ist, was er isst, sagen viele Ernährungsforscher und verbinden
diese Weisheit mit dem Hinweis auf unsere Darmmikrobiota. Denn deren
Zusammensetzung wird hauptsächlich davon bestimmt, welche Nahrungsmittel
wir zu uns nehmen. Und hier spielen die pflanzlichen Komponenten eine
signifikante Rolle.Zahlreiche Erkrankungen werden mittlerweile mit einer veränderten
Darmmikrobiota in Verbindung gebracht. Da die Ernährung eine wichtige
Rolle bei der Ausprägung der individuellen Mikrobiota hat, liegt es
nahe, die Zusammenhänge von mikrobieller Besiedlung und pflanzlichen
Ernährungseinflüssen zu betrachten, um mögliche
therapeutische Ansätze zu finden.
Characterization of the Saddle Nose Deformity Following Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Anstadt Erin E. , Chen Wendy , O'Brien James , Ickow Ilana , Chow Ian , Bruce Madeleine K. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Branstetter IV Barton F. , Snyderman Carl , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul , Schuster Lindsay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is commonly employed in skull base surgery for neoplasm resection. While nasal deformity following EEA is described, this study aimed to perform a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment of the associated saddle nose deformity (SND) in particular.
Setting/Participants This is a retrospective review of 20 adult patients with SND after EEA for resection of skull base tumors over a 5-year period at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
Main Outcome Measures Fifteen measurements related to SND were obtained on pre- and postoperative imaging. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between pre- and postoperative anatomies.
Results The most common EEA was transsellar. Reconstruction techniques included nine free mucosal grafts alone, eight vascularized nasoseptal flaps (NSFs), one combined free mucosal graft/abdominal fat graft, and one combined NSF/fascia lata graft. Imaging analysis showed a trend toward loss of mean nasal height, nasal tip projection, and nasolabial angle postoperatively. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with NSF reconstruction had a significantly decreased nasal tip projection (1.2 mm, p = 0.039) and increased alar base width (1.2 mm, p = 0.046) postoperatively. Patients without functional pituitary microadenomas demonstrated significantly increased nasofrontal angle and decreased nasal tip projection on postoperative imaging, in contrast to those with functional adenomas who had no measurable significant changes.
Conclusion Clinically evident SND does not always lead to significant radiographic changes. This analysis suggests that patients who undergo surgery for indications other than functional pituitary microadenomas or who receive NSF reconstruction develop more marked SND on standard imaging tests.
Outcomes of Nonvigorous Neonates Born through Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid after a Practice Change to No Routine Endotracheal Suctioning from a Developing Country
Authors: Kumar Gunjana , Goel Srishti , Nangia Sushma , Ramaswamy Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry 
Published: March 2022

Objective The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2015 gave a weak recommendation based on low certainty of evidence against routine endotracheal (ET) suctioning in non-vigorous (NV) neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and suggested for immediate resuscitation without direct laryngoscopy. A need for ongoing surveillance post policy change has been stressed upon. This study compared the outcomes of NV MSAF neonates before and after implementation of the ILCOR 2015 recommendation.
Study Design This was a prospective cohort study of term NV MSAF neonates who underwent immediate resuscitation without ET suctioning (no ET group, July 2018 to June 2019, n = 276) compared with historical control who underwent routine ET suction (ET group, July 2015 to June 2016, n = 271).
Results Baseline characteristics revealed statistically significant higher proportion of male gender and small for gestational age neonates in the prospective cohort. There was no significant difference in the incidence of primary outcome of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) between the groups (no ET group: 27.2% vs ET group: 25.1%; p = 0.57). NV MSAF neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was significantly lesser in the prospective cohort (no ET group: 19.2% vs ET group: 27.3%; p = 0.03). Incidence of air leaks and need for any respiratory support significantly increased after policy change. In NV MSAF neonates with MAS, need for mechanical ventilation (MV) (no ET group: 24% vs ET group: 39.7%; p = 0.04) and mortality (no ET group: 18.7% vs ET group: 33.8%; p = 0.04) were significantly lesser.
Conclusion Current study from a developing country indicates that immediate resuscitation and no routine ET suctioning of NV MSAF may not be associated with increased risk of MAS and may be associated with decreased risk of HIE. Increased requirement of any respiratory support and air leak post policy change needs further deliberation. Decreased risk of MV and mortality among those with MAS was observed.
Key Points
Pathologic Mandibular Fracture Associated with Bilateral Dentigerous Cysts in a Dog
Authors: Jones Rebecca Lauren , Gauthier Olivier , Vallefuoco Rosario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis report describes the management and computed tomographic (CT) follow-up of a pathologic fracture of the mandibular body associated with bilateral dentigerous cysts in a 16-month-old Boxer. Bilateral, rostral, mandibular lesions consistent with dentigerous cysts were identified by intraoral radiography and CT. The left cyst was associated with an open, mildly displaced mandibular fracture. Treatment of the cystic lesions consisted of surgical exposure, extraction of embedded teeth, curettage of the cyst lining, and placement of demineralized bone matrix. Reduction and stabilization of the fracture were achieved by interdental wiring combined with an intraoral splint. Follow-up examination and CT imaging were performed at 8, 18, and 85 weeks postoperatively. Complete fracture healing and resolution of both cystic lesions were confirmed at 18 weeks with no recurrence evident at 85 weeks. No complications were encountered. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of a pathologic mandibular fracture secondary to a dentigerous cyst in a dog, documenting the healing of dentigerous cysts via CT with progressive replacement of demineralized bone matrix by new osseous growth. Surgical treatment of the pathologic mandibular fracture and the bilateral dentigerous cysts resulted in an excellent clinical outcome.
Enterogenous Cyst and Glioblastoma: A Brief Histopathological Review of Two Uncommon Cystic Lesions of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , Ferreira Nelson Pires , Ferreira Marcelo Paglioli , Gago Guilherme , Bertinatti João Pedro Pattussi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntracranial cystic lesions are common findings in cerebral imaging and might represent a broad spectrum of conditions. These entities can be divided into nonneoplastic lesions, comprising Rathke cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, and colloid cyst, as well as neoplastic lesions, including benign and malignant components of neoplasms such as pilocytic astrocytoma, hemangioblastoma, and ganglioglioma. Surgical resection and histological evaluation are currently the most effective methods to classify cysts of the central nervous system. The authors report two uncommon cases presenting as cystic lesions of the encephalic parenchyma—a enterogenous cyst and a glioblastoma—and discuss typical histological findings and differential diagnosis.
Aktivieren, motivieren, früher zurück in die Selbstständigkeit
Authors: Betz Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEine bessere Versorgungsqualität war das Ziel des interdisziplinären Forschungsprojektes PROMISE an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz. Die Buchstaben stehen für PROzessoptiMierung durch Interdisziplinäre, SEktorübergreifende und ganzheitliche Versorgung am Beispiel von Hüft- und Kniegelenkarthrosen. Physiotherapeut Dr. Ulrich Betz ist Mitinitiator der mittlerweile abgeschlossenen Studie, deren Ergebnisse belegen: Besser versorgte und früher aktivierte Patient*innen haben weniger Komplikationen und sind früher wieder selbstständig. Wie das gelingt, verrät er im Interview.
Modifications in the magnetocaloric effect owing to composition changes in Gd2In1−x
Ge
x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) system of compounds
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Kumar Pramod 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we report the variations observed in magnetothermal, magnetocaloric, and magnetic properties of the Gd2In1−xGex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) system of compounds concerning the changes in substitution of Ge. Changes have been recorded in a temperature sweeping range of 2-300 K while the magnetic field was increased from 0 to a maximum of 5 T. All the compositions set into the Ni2In-type hexagonal structure and no structural changes are observed with the change in the value of x. Though the transition temperature values, which are TC ≈ 191 K and TN ≈ 100 K in case of x = 0, have only subtle shifts with the Ge substitution yet promising changes have been observed in the magnetocaloric effect. At x = 0.2 the isothermal magnetic entropy variation peak touches the value of 2.5 J/kg − K around TN in a field change from 0 to 5 T. This showcases that the compounds reported have a worthy place within the bracket of magnetocaloric compounds.
Magnetization process of cubic Fe3O4 submicron particles studied by polarized small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Nomura Eiji , Chiba Momoko , Matsuo Sakoto , Noda Chiaki , Kobayashi Satoru , Manjanna Jayappa , Kawamura Yukihiko , Ohishi Kazuki , Hiroi Kosuke , Suzuki Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2022

We report results of polarized small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments at T = 10 K and 300 K for cubic Fe3O4 submicron-sized particles, where formation of a complex spin vortex is expected. Magnetic SANS intensities of magnetization components in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field were observed to change significantly at around the coercivity. Magnetization components parallel to the field minimizes around the coercivity both at T = 10 K and 300 K, whereas those perpendicular to the magnetic field maximizes near the coercivity and the maximum value differ greatly, depending on the temperature. Based on results of micromagnetic simulations, the observed SANS intensities were interpreted as due to magnetic structural changes from a flower to a spin vortex state and gradual tilting of a vortex core from the external field to magnetocrystalline anisotropy axes at low fields.
Lexical bundles in formulaic interpreting
Authors: Li Yang , Halverson Sandra L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inspired by Henriksen (2007), this article investigates some key
characteristics of formulaic interpreting, understood as the recurrent use of linguistic formulae in interpreted texts. Using a
Chinese-English corpus of consecutive interpreting in the political setting (CICPPC), the study quantitatively investigates some
features of 4-gram lexical bundles in interpreted text, i.e., their discourse functions and relationships to the source text, and
qualitatively studies characteristics of specific instances of lexical bundles. The patterns are described both in terms of
equivalence, shifts, and additions, as well as ‘constraints on formulaicity,’ a generalization that captures the tension involved
between frequency-driven selection and the need to establish a translational relationship. It is suggested that equivalence
typical of form-based rendition and addition typical of meaning-based rendition are subject to lower constraints, while greater
constraints pertain in the case of shifts.
John Ambrose Fleming’s early measurement of the skin effect in round wires
Authors: Smith Glenn S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic skin effect was a subject of interest to prominent physicists during the second half of the nineteenth century. By the end of the century, the theoretical analysis for this phenomenon was well developed, but accurate quantitative experimental results lagged behind. The subject of this paper is one of the early experiments performed to confirm the theory, specifically, measurements of the increase in the electrical resistance of a round wire with increasing frequency due to the skin effect. This elegant experiment was performed by John Ambrose Fleming, a student of James Clerk Maxwell and a pioneer in early wireless communication. The presentation in this paper is intended to complement theoretical treatments of the skin effect that are often part of instruction on electromagnetic theory and also to provide historical perspective for such treatments.
Dual-band electromagnetically induced transparent metamaterial with slow light effect and energy storage
Authors: Zheng Shuquan , Ma Mengshi , Lv You , Fu Tao , Peng Lin , Zhao Qixiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on metamaterials has special properties, such as strong slow-light, frequency-selection and so on, which have allowed EIT to be widely used in the fields of slow-light, optical storages and filters. In this paper, a metamaterial with two pairs of split ring resonators and one cut-wire is designed to achieve dual-band EIT effect at 0.5–2.14 GHz and 0.4–2.10 GHz with independently tunable bandwidths of 1.64 GHz and 2.7 GHz, respectively. The coupled Lorentz model is adopted to principally study the coupling characteristics between dark and bright modes. It is shown that the coupling strength between the dark and bright modes could be modulated by the coupling distance, which make the dual-band transparent window could be independently modulated by only changing the coupling distance between the bright and dark mode. The group delay and energy storage are also simulated by setting the Gaussian pulse signal passing through the EIT structure. The results show that the group delay of the designed EIT structure is 16.9 times that of the same thickness of dielectric material. The manufactured metamaterial is tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experimental and theoretical results are well consistent. These results could be beneficial for the development of EIT research toward some up-and-coming novel slow-light, optical storage, sensor and optical filter applications.
Effect of non-uniform magnetic field on radial oscillation of electron beam in a low-magnetic-field foilless diode
Authors: Zhang Guangshuai , Sun Jun , Wu Ping , Shi Yanchao , Fan Zhiqiang , Hua Ye , Tan Nongchao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A theory regarding a non-uniform magnetic field with a parallel gradient is presented. The research results show that a proper non-uniform magnetic field can greatly reduce the transverse momentum of an electron beam and even eliminate its gyration motion, and it depends on the gradient of the magnetic field and the phases of electrons entering and leaving the local magnetic field region. Thus, a magnetic field that decreases along the axial direction is proposed to suppress the radial oscillation of the electron beam. However, in the drift tube, the suppression of the radial oscillation is not obvious, because the large phase differences among electrons lead to a mismatch between the electron beam and the non-uniform magnetic field. Further studies found that the non-uniform magnetic field applied in the anode-cathode gap can not only reduce the phase differences among electrons, but also effectively transform the transverse momentum of the electron beam into its axial momentum. The results obtained by PIC simulations and experiments consistently confirm that the non-uniform magnetic field can significantly suppress the radial oscillation of the electron beam in a low-magnetic-field foilless diode.
The Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimization method for correlated electron systems
Authors: Ye Zhuo , Fang Yimei , Zhang Han , Zhang Feng , Wu Shunqing , Lu Wen-Cai , Yao Yong-Xin , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Ho Kai-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We review our recent work on the Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimization method, an ab initio approach developed for correlated electron systems. The complete formalism has been outlined that allows for a systematic understanding of the method, followed by a discussion of benchmark studies of dimers, one- and two-dimensional single-band Hubbard models. In the end, we present some preliminary results of multi-band Hubbard models and large-basis calculations of F2 to illustrate our efforts to further reduce the computational complexity.
Tailoring porous/filament silicon using the two-step Au-assisted chemical etching of p-type silicon for forming an ethanol electro-oxidation layer
Authors: Volovlikova Olga , Shilyaeva Yulia , Silakov Gennady , Fedorova Yulia , Maniecki Tomasz , Gavrilov Sergey 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we are reporting on the fabrication of a porous silicon/Au and silicon filament/Au using the two-step Au-assisted chemical etching of p-type Si with a specific resistivity of 0.01, 1, and 12 Ω·cm when varying the Au deposition times. The structure analysis results show that with an increasing Au deposition time of up to 7 min, the thickness of the porous Si layer increases for the same etching duration (60 min), and the morphology of the layer changes from porous to filamentary. This paper shows that the uniform macro-porous layers with a thickness of 125.5–171.2 μm and a specific surface area of the mesopore sidewalls of 142.5–182 m2·g−1 are formed on the Si with a specific resistivity of 0.01 Ω·cm. The gradient macro-porous layers with a thickness of 220–260 μm and 210–290 μm, the specific surface area of the mesopore sidewalls of 3.7–21.7 m2·g−1 and 17–29 m2·g−1 are formed on the silicon with a specific resistivity of 1 and 12 Ω·cm, respectively. The por-Si/Au has excellent low-temperature electro oxidation performance with ethanol, the activity of ethanol oxidation is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the Au nanoparticles and porous Si. The formation mechanism of the uniform and gradient macro-porous layers and ethanol electro-oxidation on the porous/filament silicon, decorated with Au nanoparticles, was established. The por-Si/Au structures with perpendicularly oriented pores, a high por-Si layer thickness, and a low mono-Si layer thickness (with a specific resistivity of 1 Ω·cm) are optimal for an effective ethanol electro-oxidation, which has been confirmed with chronoamperometry measurements.
Gas sensing devices based on two-dimensional materials: a review
Authors: Wang Boran , Gu Yi , Chen Lin , Ji Li , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gas sensors have been widely utilized penetrating every aspect of our daily lives, such as medical industry, environmental safety testing, and the food industry. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown promising potential and prominent advantages in gas sensing technology, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In addition, the ultra-high surface-to-volume ratio and surface activity of the 2D materials with atomic-level thickness enables enhanced absorption and sensitivity. Till now, different gas sensing techniques have been developed to further boost the performance of 2D materials-based gas sensors, such as various surface functionalization and Van der Waals heterojunction formation. In this article, a comprehensive review of advanced gas sensing devices is provided based on 2D materials, focusing on two sensing principles of charge-exchange and surface oxygen ion adsorption. Six types of typical gas sensor devices based on 2D materials are introduced with discussion of latest research progress and future perspectives.
3D printing auxetic draft-angle structures towards tunable buckling complexity
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Lei Ming , Peng Linlong , Lu Haibao , Shu Dong-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the development of 3D printing technology, auxetic structures have attracted extensive attention due to their unusual mechanical properties. In this study, we design a 3D printed auxetic structure using 2D draft angles to achieve a tunable out-of-plane double hyperbolic buckling behavior by effectively continuously varying stiffness across thickness. The influences of radii and draft angles on the buckling behaviors of the 3D printed draft-angle auxetic structures are studied by finite element method. The constitutive relationships between stress, strain, radius, and draft angle have been formulated and discussed to identify the working principle behind the mechanical performance of draft-angle auxetic structures. Finally, the buckling behavior is modelled by a laminate structure, and the accuracy of these analytical results has then been verified by experiment. This study is expected to provide a design guideline for achieving tunable buckling behavior of auxetic structures via the novel stress mismatch of draft angles and thus continuously varying stiffness along the thickness direction. The current work constitutes an initial attempt to realize the tunability of the 3D out of plane deformation of 2D plane structures under in-plane compression.