bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of artefacts in 99mTc-MAA SPECT scans on pre-therapy patient-specific 90Y TARE internal dosimetry: a GATE Monte Carlo study
Authors: Pistone Daniele , Italiano Antonio , Auditore Lucrezia , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Campenní Alfredo , Baldari Sergio , Amato Ernesto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. The direct Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of radiation transport exploiting morphological and functional tomographic imaging as input data is considered the gold standard for internal dosimetry in nuclear medicine, and it is increasingly used in studies regarding trans-arterial radio-embolization (TARE). However, artefacts affecting the functional scans, such as reconstruction artefacts and motion blurring, decrease the accuracy in defining the radionuclide distribution in the simulations and consequently lead to errors in absorbed dose estimations. In this study, the relevance of such artefacts in patient-specific three-dimensional MC dosimetry was investigated in three cases of 90Y TARE. Approach. The pre-therapy 99mTc MacroAggregate Albumin (Tc-MAA) SPECTs and CTs of patients were used as input for simulations performed with the GEANT4-based toolkit GATE. Several pre-simulation SPECT-masking techniques were implemented, with the aim of zeroing the decay probability in air, in lungs, or in the whole volume outside the liver. Main results. Increments in absorbed dose up to about +40% with respect to the native-SPECT simulations were found in liver-related volumes of interest (VOIs), depending on the masking procedure adopted. Regarding lungs-related VOIs, decrements in absorbed doses in right lung as high as −90% were retrieved. Significance. These results highlight the relevant influence of SPECT artefacts, if not properly treated, on dosimetric outcomes for 90Y TARE cases. Well-designed SPECT-masking techniques appear to be a promising way to correct for such misestimations.
Note on surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction *
Authors: Yu Chao , Chen Fang-Zhong , Lin Yi-Yu , Sun Jia-Rui , Sun Yuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we show using several examples that the bulk geometry of asymptotically AdS

spacetimes can be effectively reconstructed using an intuitive and visual method called the surface growth scheme. This new approach for bulk reconstruction was originally proposed in a recent paper, along with its explicit realization using the one-shot entanglement distillation tensor network and the surface/state correspondence. In this paper, we directly analyze the growth of the bulk minimal surfaces to implement this scheme. Our study provides further support for the surface growth approach in entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Neural sources of prediction errors detect unrealistic VR interactions
Authors: Gehrke Lukas , Lopes Pedro , Klug Marius , Akman Sezen , Gramann Klaus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Neural interfaces hold significant promise to implicitly track user experience. Their application in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) simulations is especially favorable as it allows user assessment without breaking the immersive experience. In VR, designing immersion is one key challenge. Subjective questionnaires are the established metrics to assess the effectiveness of immersive VR simulations. However, administering such questionnaires requires breaking the immersive experience they are supposed to assess. Approach. We present a complimentary metric based on a event-related potentials. For the metric to be robust, the neural signal employed must be reliable. Hence, it is beneficial to target the neural signal’s cortical origin directly, efficiently separating signal from noise. To test this new complementary metric, we designed a reach-to-tap paradigm in VR to probe electroencephalography (EEG) and movement adaptation to visuo-haptic glitches. Our working hypothesis was, that these glitches, or violations of the predicted action outcome, may indicate a disrupted user experience. Main results. Using prediction error negativity features, we classified VR glitches with 77% accuracy. We localized the EEG sources driving the classification and found midline cingulate EEG sources and a distributed network of parieto-occipital EEG sources to enable the classification success. Significance. Prediction error signatures from these sources reflect violations of user’s predictions during interaction with AR/VR, promising a robust and targeted marker for adaptive user interfaces.
Microstructure, mechanical properties and osseointegration ability of Ta–20Zr alloy used as dental implant material
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Zhang Taomei , Wang Jianying , Li Cui , Shao Chunsheng , Ruan Jianming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the application prospect of a tantalum (Ta) and zirconium (Zr) alloy as a dental implant material. The Ta–20Zr (wt.%) alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed by standard techniques. The effect of Ta–20Zr alloy on inflammation, bone remodeling and osseointegration was analyzed in rat and rabbit models by biochemical, histological and imaging tests. The Ta–20Zr alloy showed excellent mechanical compatibility with the bone tissue on account of similar elastic modulus (49.2 GPa), thereby avoiding the ‘stress shielding effect’. Furthermore, Ta–20Zr alloy enhanced the inflammatory response by promoting secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, and facilitated the balance between the M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes. Finally, Ta–20Zr also showed excellent osseointegration and osteogenic ability without any systemic side effects, making it an ideal dental implant material.
Rationality of meromorphic functions between real algebraic sets in the plane
Authors: Ng Tuen-Wai , Yao Xiao 
Published: April 2022

We study one variable meromorphic functions mapping a planar real algebraic setAAto another real algebraic set in the complex plane. By using the theory of Schwarz reflection functions, we show that for certainAA, these meromorphic functions must be rational. In particular, whenAAis the standard unit circle, we obtain a one dimensional analog of Poincaré [Acta Math. 2 (1883), pp. 97–113], Tanaka [J. Math. Soc. Japan 14 (1962), pp. 397–429] and Alexander’s [Math. Ann. 209 (1974), pp. 249–256] rationality results for2m−12m-1dimensional sphere inCm\mathbb {C}^mwhenm≥2m\ge 2.
A reverse Thomson problem on the unit circle
Authors: Leng Tuo , Wu Yuchi 
Published: April 2022

Let

x
1

x_1

,

x
2

x_2

, …,

x
n

x_n

be

n
n

points on the sphere

S
2

S^2

. Determining the value

inf

∑

1
≤
k
>
j
≤
n

|

x
k

−

x
j

|

−
1

\inf \sum _{1\leq k>j\leq n}|x_k-x_j|^{-1}

, is a long-standing open problem in discrete geometry, which is known as Thomson’s problem. In this paper, we propose a reverse problem on the sphere

S

d
−
1

S^{d-1}

in

d
d

-dimensional Euclidean space, which is equivalent to establish the reverse Thomson inequality. In the planar case, we establish two variants of the reverse Thomson inequality.

In addition, we give a proof to the minimal logarithmic energy of

x
1

x_1

,

x
2

x_2

, …,

x
n

x_n

and two dimensional Thomson’s problem on the unit circle for all integer

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

.
A Hilbert–Kunz function with a periodic term that has a given period
Authors: Baidya Robin 
Published: April 2022

A result of Monsky states that the Hilbert–Kunz function of a one-dimensional local ring of prime characteristic has a term

ϕ
\phi

that is eventually periodic. For example, in the case of a power series ring in one variable over a prime-characteristic field,

ϕ
\phi

is the zero function and is therefore immediately periodic with period 1. In additional examples produced by Kunz [Amer. J. Math. 91 (1969), pp. 772–784] and Monsky [Math. Ann. 263 (1983), pp. 43–49],

ϕ
\phi

is immediately periodic with period 2. We show that, for every positive integer

π
\pi

, there exists a ring for which

ϕ
\phi

is immediately periodic with period

π
\pi

.
Absence and Abnormality
Authors: Vaassen Bram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbsences pose a dilemma for theories of causation. Allowing them to be causes seems to make theories too permissive. Banning them from being causes seems to make theories too restrictive. An increasingly popular approach to this dilemma is to acknowledge that norms can affect which absences count as causes. In this article, I distinguish between two influential implementations of such ‘abnormality’ approaches and argue that so-called ‘double-prevention mechanisms’ provide counterexamples against both.
Mating traits are phenotypically but not genetically correlated to fitness
Authors: Collet Julie M , Sztepanacz Jacqueline L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMisalignment between male and female interests over mating creates interlocus sexual conflict that is known to drive the coevolution of reproductive traits. Males and females also share the majority of their genome, which may cause these traits to be genetically covary between the sexes and experience intralocus sexual conflict where beneficial alleles in one sex are costly when expressed in the other. Here, we use a quantitative genetic experiment to test whether intralocus sexual conflict is operating on mating latency and copulation duration in the polyandrous fruit-fly Drosophila serrata. We performed two paternal half-sibling breeding designs in different populations and measured mating latency and copulation duration in males and females, and components of pre- and postcopulatory fitness in both sexes. Our design enabled the estimation of selection on mating latency and copulation duration and the heritabilities, and within-sex and across-sex genetic covariances of these traits. Mating latency and copulation duration were both heritable in males but not in females, and within sex and across-sex genetic correlations among the traits were all small. Despite significant phenotypic correlations between these mating traits and some male and female fitness components, we found no significant genetic covariance between any measured mating behaviors and fitness components, nor between male and female fitness. Our study, therefore, finds little evidence of ongoing intralocus sexual conflict over these traits. One explanation for our result is that these mating traits have been under strong selection, which has exhausted their genetic variation, limiting their ability to respond to ongoing selection.
Evaluation of phenotype-driven gene prioritization methods for Mendelian diseases
Authors: Jacobsen Julius O B , Kelly Catherine , Cipriani Valentina , Robinson Peter N , Smedley Damian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Yuan et al. recently described an independent evaluation of several phenotype-driven gene prioritization methods for Mendelian disease on two separate, clinical datasets. Although they attempted to use default settings for each tool, we describe three key differences from those we currently recommend for our Exomiser and PhenIX tools. These influence how variant frequency, quality and predicted pathogenicity are used for filtering and prioritization. We propose that these differences account for much of the discrepancy in performance between that reported by them (15–26% diagnoses ranked top by Exomiser) and previously published reports by us and others (72–77%). On a set of 161 singleton samples, we show using these settings increases performance from 34% to 72% and suggest a reassessment of Exomiser and PhenIX on their datasets using these would show a similar uplift.
Association between somatosensory sensitivity and regional gray matter volume in healthy young volunteers: a voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Onishi Hideaki , Nagasaka Kazuaki , Yokota Hirotake , Kojima Sho , Ohno Ken , Sakurai Noriko , Kodama Naoki , Sato Daisuke , Otsuru Naofumi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo-point discrimination (2PD) test reflects somatosensory spatial discrimination ability, but evidence on the relationship between 2PD and cortical gray matter (GM) volume is limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cortical GM volume and 2PD threshold in young healthy individuals and to clarify the characteristics of brain structure reflecting the individual differences in somatosensory function. 2PD was measured in 42 healthy (20 females) volunteers aged 20–32 years using a custom-made test system that can be controlled by a personal computer. The 2PD of the right index finger measured with this device has been confirmed to show good reproducibility. T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner for voxel-based morphometry analysis. The mean 2PD threshold was 2.58 ± 0.54 mm. Whole-brain multiple regression analysis of the relationship between 2PD and GM volume showed that a lower 2PD threshold (i.e. better somatosensory function) significantly correlated with decreased GM volume from the middle temporal gyrus to the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the contralateral hemisphere. In conclusion, a lower GM volume in the middle temporal gyrus and IPL correlates with better somatosensory function. Thus, cortical GM volume may be a biomarker of somatosensory function.
Target-specific projections of amygdala somatostatin-expressing neurons to the hypothalamus and brainstem
Authors: Bartonjo Jane J , Lundy Robert F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Somatostatin neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA/Sst) can be parsed into subpopulations that project either to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) or parabrachial nucleus (PBN). We have shown recently that inhibition of CeA/Sst-to-NST neurons increased the ingestion of a normally aversive taste stimulus, quinine HCl (QHCl). Because the CeA innervates other forebrain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that also sends axonal projections to the NST, the effects on QHCl intake could be, in part, the result of CeA modulation of LH-to-NST neurons. To address these issues, the present study investigated whether CeA/Sst-to-NST neurons are distinct from CeA/Sst-to-LH neurons. For comparison purposes, additional experiments assessed divergent innervation of the LH by CeA/Sst-to-PBN neurons. In Sst-cre mice, two different retrograde transported flox viruses were injected into the NST and the ipsilateral LH or PBN and ipsilateral LH. The results showed that 90% or more of retrograde-labeled CeA/Sst neurons project either to the LH, NST, or PBN. Separate populations of CeA/Sst neurons projecting to these different regions suggest a highly heterogeneous population in terms of synaptic target and likely function.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Temporal Trends, Demographic Correlates, and Association With Preterm Birth
Authors: Young Marisa R , Broadwell Carly , Kacanek Deborah , Chadwick Ellen G , Jao Jennifer , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Powis Kathleen , Tassiopoulos Katherine , Yee Lynn M , Haddad Lisa B ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
We describe trends in prevalence and identify factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), syphilis, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnosed in pregnancy among US people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and evaluate associations of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with preterm birth (PTB).

Methods
We included pregnant PWH enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities dynamic cohort of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study network who delivered between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable log-binomial or Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association of calendar year with each STI, controlling for confounders; the association of demographic and clinical factors with each STI; and the association of each STI with PTB.

Results
The sample included 2241 pregnancies among 1821 PWH. Median age at delivery was 29.2 years; 71% of participants identified as Black or African American. STI prevalence was: CT 7.7%, NG 2.3%, syphilis 2.4%, and TV 14.5%; 30% had unknown TV status. There were no temporal changes in STI prevalence. Younger age and initial HIV viral load ≥400 copies/mL were associated with increased risk of CT, NG, and TV. Recreational substance use was a risk factor for NG, syphilis, and TV. No STI was associated with PTB.

Conclusions
Unlike nationwide trends, no changes in STI prevalence during the study period were observed. The large proportion with unknown TV status underscores the need for increased adherence to screening guidelines. STIs diagnosed during pregnancy in PWH were not associated with risk of PTB.
Longitudinal relationship between long sleep duration and future kidney function decline
Authors: Hirano Keita , Komatsu Yasuhiro , Shimbo Takuro , Nakata Hirosuke , Kobayashi Daiki 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Evidence linking chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep duration is inconsistent. This study examined whether sleep duration is associated with a long-term risk of kidney function decline.

Methods
This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 82 001 participants who visited a primary care centre in Japan. Participants were categorized into CKD risk groups and sleep duration categories according to their self-reported average nightly sleep duration. The relationship between average nightly sleep duration and the incidence of composite renal outcome comprised a ≥40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline and a decline in eGFR to &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m² was evaluated.

Results
The mean age and eGFR (±standard deviation) of the patient cohort were 45.8 (±12.4) years and 81.8 (±15.4) mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. A total of 41 891 participants (51.1%) were women. During the median follow-up of 5.1 years [interquartile range 2.2–9.6], 4214 (5.1%) participants achieved the composite renal outcome. Only the long and very long sleep durations (≥8 h/night) were associated with an increased incidence of the composite renal outcome compared with the reference duration (7 h/night) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.22 and 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.36 and 1.13–1.84, for long and very long sleep durations, respectively]. Furthermore, this association was significant for both long and very long sleep durations in the low CKD risk group but only for long sleep duration in the intermediate CKD risk group. The results of the sex-specific analysis showed that men had a decreased risk of achieving the composite renal outcome (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.79–1.06), while there was an increased risk for women (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02–1.28).

Conclusions
Average sleep durations ≥8 h/night were associated with an increased incidence of poor renal outcomes over time. However, a longitudinal cohort study is required to confirm whether sleep duration can prevent poor renal outcomes.
Relationship Between Component Connectivity And Component Diagnosability Of Some Regular Networks
Authors: Sun Xueli , Fan Jianxi , Cheng Baolei , Zhou Jingya , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a kind of conditional connectivity, component connectivity is an improvement of traditional connectivity, which is conducive to enhance the reliability of the network. To be specific, the $r$-component connectivity of a network $G$, written as $c\kappa _{r}(G)$, is defined as the minimum number of all node cuts whose removal causes the remaining network to have at least $r$ components. Component diagnosability, as another measure of network reliability, is usually related to the number of components in the remaining network. The $r$-component diagnosability, written as $ct_{r}(G)$, is defined as the maximum number of faulty sets such that at least $r$ components in the surviving network and all faulty nodes can be diagnosed. This paper mainly explores the relationship between component connectivity and component diagnosability of some regular networks. Once knowing the component connectivity of such a network, with the help of this relationship, we can easily obtain the component diagnosability of the network. Furthermore, we apply this relationship to some famous regular networks to obtain their component diagnosabilities under the PMC model.
SynLethDB 2.0: a web-based knowledge graph database on synthetic lethality for novel anticancer drug discovery
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Min , Huang Xuhui , Wang Li , Zhang Sophia , Liu Hui , Zheng Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two genes are synthetic lethal if mutations in both genes result in impaired cell viability, while mutation of either gene does not affect the cell survival. The potential usage of synthetic lethality (SL) in anticancer therapeutics has attracted many researchers to identify synthetic lethal gene pairs. To include newly identified SLs and more related knowledge, we present a new version of the SynLethDB database to facilitate the discovery of clinically relevant SLs. We extended the first version of SynLethDB database significantly by including new SLs identified through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screening, a knowledge graph about human SLs, a new web interface, etc. Over 16 000 new SLs and 26 types of other relationships have been added, encompassing relationships among 14 100 genes, 53 cancers, 1898 drugs, etc. Moreover, a brand-new web interface has been developed to include modules such as SL query by disease or compound, SL partner gene set enrichment analysis and knowledge graph browsing through a dynamic graph viewer. The data can be downloaded directly from the website or through the RESTful Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Database URL: https://synlethdb.sist.shanghaitech.edu.cn/v2.
The Paradoxes of The Second Surrealist Manifesto
Authors: BÉhar Henri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By 1929, the Surrealist movement in France had begun to seriously stagnate, and there was widespread dissatisfaction among its members. Some of the latter wanted to pursue a closer alliance with the French Communist Party; others wanted greater freedom to explore various commercial avenues that were available to them. In order to remedy this situation, André Breton decided to publish a second manifesto, which, somewhat paradoxically, not only introduced the concept of ‘the supreme point’ but also redefined the nature of the Surrealist act. Offsetting those members who either abandoned the movement or were expelled from it, a new group of converts joined the Surrealist cause, including Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, and Luis Buñuel. These in turn contributed new creative energy to the enterprise and created a number of striking masterpieces.
On Unicorns: Rilke and Medieval Noetics
Authors: Makhlouf P S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rainer Maria Rilke’s 1910 Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge is fixated on figurations of lost homes which tell of the loss of ‘the poetic measure’, i.e. the decrepit status of art at the fin de siècle and the dominance of commodification. Malte’s viewing of the La Dame à la licorne tapestries is a unique moment of aesthetic plenitude previously unseen in the novel. Through a new reading of the tapestries, this essay investigates medieval precursors to Rilke’s poetics, his concept of intransitive love, and the concept of a ‘dwelling’ in the mind where the psychic traces of the absent object are found.