bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Preoperative Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Estimation in Predicting the Version of a Single‐Wedge Femoral Stem
Authors: Sun Jingyang , Zhang Yanchao , Shen Junmin , Zheng Qingyuan , Li Tiejian , Zhang Bohan , Zhou Yonggang , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveEarly prediction of stem version aids in optimization of combined version during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to analyze the discrepancy between stem version and native femoral version measured by different methods, and to explore which method can better predict the stem version.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 26 patients (39 hips) treated with robot‐assisted THA in our hospital between September 2019 and December 2019. A straight, single‐wedge, cementless stem (Accolade II) was used in all cases. Preoperative femoral version was measured at three levels on computerized tomography (CT) scan from the top to the middle level of femoral neck (Level 1 to Level 3). During THA, the version on cutting surface was measured prior to femoral broaching based on two reference lines: mid‐cortical line and T line (trochanteric fossa to the middle of medial cortex). After femoral broaching, stem version was measured based on the femoral neck trial using Mako system (Stryker). In the statistical analysis, the difference and absolute discrepancy between stem version and femoral version measured with various methods were examined using paired t‐test, and the relationship between stem version and various femoral versions were examined using correlation analysis.ResultsMean femoral neck version (Level 1) was 9.5° ± 2.6° (range, −16.8°‐42.5°), while mean stem version measured by Mako system was 19.9° ± 2.0° (range, −8.0°‐49.0°). Femoral version measured with each method showed a moderate correlation with stem version (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between stem version and femoral version except at Level 3, with a mean difference of 0.8° ± 13.6° (p = 0.729). With regard to the intraoperative estimation, stem version significantly increased compared to the value based on mid‐cortical line, with a mean difference of 8.4° ± 13.1° (p < 0.001). However, the mean value of stem version was a little smaller than that of femoral version measured by reference to T line, but without statistical significance (p = 0.156). No postoperative dislocations occurred during the study period. No revision was required for any component.ConclusionsThe middle level of femoral neck on CT scan and T line on cutting surface are better references to measure femoral version for predicting postoperative stem version. However, the relationship between stem version and predictive value was flexible. Therefore, further three‐dimensional studies of postoperative CT are needed to validate the press‐fit fixation and rotational freedom of the single‐wedge stem.
Dual impact of ambient humidity on the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and basal resistance in rice
Authors: Qiu Jiehua , Liu Zhiquan , Xie Junhui , Lan Bo , Shen Zhenan , Shi Huanbin , Lin Fucheng , Shen Xiangling , Kou Yanjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumidity is a critical environmental factor affecting the epidemic of plant diseases. However, it is still unclear how ambient humidity affects the occurrence of diseases in plants. In this study, we show that high ambient humidity enhanced blast development in rice plants under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we found that high ambient humidity enhanced the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae by promoting conidial germination and appressorium formation. In addition, the results of RNA‐sequencing analysis and the ethylene content assessment revealed that high ambient humidity suppressed the accumulation of ethylene and the activation of ethylene signaling pathway induced by M. oryzae in rice. Knock out of ethylene signaling genes OsEIL1 and OsEIN2 or exogenous application of 1‐methylcyclopropene (ethylene inhibitor) and ethephon (ethylene analogues) eliminated the difference of blast resistance between the 70% and 90% relative humidity conditions, suggesting that the activation of ethylene signaling contributes to humidity‐modulated basal resistance against M. oryzae in rice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high ambient humidity enhances the virulence of M. oryzae and compromises basal resistance by reducing the activation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Results from this study provide cues for novel strategies to control rice blast under global environmental changes.
Hair tourniquet syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Martonovich Noa , Khatib Maher , Assaf Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveHair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTS) is a pediatric condition in which human hair or synthetic fiber encircles and strangulates a body appendage causing tissue necrosis. Few epidemiologic studies have been done. Our objective was to better define the demographics, clinical features, and predisposing factors for this condition.Materials and MethodsMedical records of all infants up to 1 year old seen in the orthopedic emergency department of Galilee Medical Center were searched for the diagnosis of HTS or its ICD equivalent.ResultsForty‐one cases of hair tourniquet syndrome (HTS) were reviewed. Most cases (68%) occurred during the winter months (December to February). There were no reports between June to August (summer). The median age was 4 months and the male‐to‐female ratio was approximately 2:5. Toes were significantly more involved than fingers (97.5%) and the 3rd toe was the most affected (58%). Nine patients (21.9%) had more than one toe affected and only one case reported finger involvement.ConclusionsHTS in our population is a phenomenon that seems to occur mostly in winter. Infants between 3 and 5 months are at greater risk. Toes are more affected than fingers. The most involved toes are the 3rd and 4th.
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Encholirium spectabile Mart. (Bromeliaceae) in O/W Emulsions as an Additive against the UVB Radiation
Authors: dos Santos Dantas Anne Caroline , de Lira Michele Mirian Calixto , Dutra Lívia Macedo , de Castro Rodrigues Cristiane Maria Souza , Reis Sílvio Alan Gonçalves Bonfim , Castro Rosane Nora , da Silva Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of sunscreen is one of the photoprotection measures most used by the population, so these products must offer broad‐spectrum protection against UVA and UVB radiation. Encholirium spectabile, popularly known as “macambira‐de‐flecha,” is a species characterized by its rocky outcrops and found in the Caatinga. This biome is known for extreme droughts and dry periods, and for this reason, its vegetation needed to develop resistance mechanisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of E. spectabile incorporated in O/W emulsion as a potential photoprotective agent and their antioxidant activity. Four chemical constituents (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid and apigenin) were identified by HPLC‐DAD analysis, and emulsions containing different concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%) of the extract without and with the addition of chemical filters (octyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone‐3) were prepared and submitted to the test of preliminary stability. The Q formulation demonstrated little variation in the preliminary stability test and was selected for estimated your protection against UVB and determination of in vitro protection factor UVA. The formulations remained stable during the freeze–thaw cycle; the extract despite maintaining the UVA‐PF and decreasing the wavelength showed an increase in FPS from 14.4 (control) to 18.8 (control+ Es‐HA80).
Metabolome genome‐wide association study provides biochemical and genetic insights into natural variation of primary metabolites in sesame
Authors: Song Shengnan , Zhang Liangxiao , Zhao Yan , Sheng Chen , Zhou Wangyi , Dossou Senouwa Segla Koffi , Wang Linhai , You Jun , Zhou Rong , Wei Xin , Zhang Xiurong 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYPlants' primary metabolites are of great importance from the survival and nutritional perspectives. However, the genetic bases underlying the profiles of primary metabolites in oilseed crops remain largely unclear. As one of the main oilseed crops, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential model plant for investigating oil metabolism in plants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to disclose the genetic variants associated with variation in the content of primary metabolites in sesame. We performed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of primary metabolites in 412 diverse sesame accessions using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and identified a total of 45 metabolites, including fatty acids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and amino acids. Genome‐wide association study unveiled 433 significant single‐nucleotide polymorphism loci associated with variation in primary metabolite contents in sesame. By integrating diverse genomic analyses, we identified 10 key candidate causative genes of variation in MAG, fatty acid, asparagine, and sucrose contents. Among them, SiDSEL was significantly associated with multiple traits. SiCAC3 and SiKASI were strongly associated with variation in oleic acid and linoleic acid contents. Overexpression of SiCAC3, SiKASI, SiLTPI.25, and SiLTPI.26 in transgenic Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that SiCAC3 is a potential target gene for improvement of unsaturated fatty acid levels in crops. Furthermore, we found that it may be possible to breed several quality traits in sesame simultaneously. Our results provide valuable genetic resources for improving sesame seed quality and our understanding of oilseed crops' primary metabolism.
Microcomputed tomography staging of bone histolysis in the regenerating mouse digit
Authors: Ketcham Paulina D. , Imholt Felisha , Yan Mingquan , Smith Hannah M. , Asrar Shabistan , Yu Ling , Dolan Connor P. , Qureshi Osama , Lin Yu‐Lieh , Xia Ian , Hall Patrick C. , Falck Alyssa R. , Sherman Kirby M. , Gaddy Dana , Suva Larry J. , Muneoka Ken , Brunauer Regina , Dawson Lindsay A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumans and mice have the ability to regenerate the distal digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3) in response to amputation. What distinguishes P3 regeneration from regenerative failure is formation of the blastema, a proliferative structure that undergoes morphogenesis to regenerate the amputated tissues. P3 regeneration is characterised by the phases of inflammation, tissue histolysis and expansive bone degradation with simultaneous blastema formation, wound closure and finally blastemal differentiation to restore the amputated structures. While each regenerating digit faithfully progresses through all phases of regeneration, phase progression has traditionally been delineated by time, that is, days postamputation (DPA), yet there is widespread variability in the timing of the individual phases. To diminish variability between digits during tissue histolysis and blastema formation, we have established an in‐vivo method using microcomputed tomography (micro CT) scanning to identify five distinct stages of the early regeneration response based on anatomical changes of the digit stump. We report that categorising the initial phases of digit regeneration by stage rather than time greatly diminishes the variability between digits with respect to changes in bone volume and length. Also, stages correlate with the levels of cell proliferation, osteoclast recruitment and osteoprogenitor cell recruitment. Importantly, micro CT staging provides a means to estimate open versus closed digit wounds. We demonstrate two spatially distinct and stage specific bone repair/regeneration responses that occur during P3 regeneration. Collectively, these studies showcase the utility of micro CT imaging to infer the composition of radiolucent soft tissues during P3 blastema formation. Specifically, the staging system identifies the onset of cell proliferation, osteoclastogenesis, osteoprogenitor recruitment, the spatial initiation of de novo bone formation and epidermal closure.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Contemporary Education, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Oscar William 
Published: September 2022

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 2 Ahmad Suradi, State Islamic Institute of Bengkulu, IndonesiaAurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyFroilan Delute Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesInaad M Sayer, University of Human Development, IraqIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaLi Li, Bath Spa University, UKNesrin Ozturk, Izmir Democracy University, TurkeyNoelia Navarro Gómez, Universidad de Almería, SpainSuriadi Samsuri, Institute of Islamic Religion Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas, Indonesia William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
Stabilising function of the human diaphragm in response to involuntary augmented breaths induced with or without lower‐limb movements
Authors: Illidi Camilla R. , Romer Lee M. 
Published: September 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is the stabilising function of the diaphragm altered differentially in response to involuntary augmented breaths induced with or without lower‐limb movements?

What is the main finding and its importance?
At equivalent levels of ventilation, the diaphragm generated higher passive pressure but moved significantly less during incremental cycle ergometry compared with progressive hypercapnia. Diaphragm excursion velocity and power output did not differ between the two tasks. These findings imply that the power output of the diaphragm during stabilising tasks involving the lower limbs may be preserved via coordinated changes in contractile shortening.

AbstractActivity of key respiratory muscles, such as the diaphragm, must balance the demands of ventilation with the maintenance of stable posture. Our aim was to test whether the stabilising function of the diaphragm would be altered differentially in response to involuntary augmented breaths induced with or without lower‐limb movements. Ten healthy volunteers (age 21 (2) years; mean (SD)) performed progressive CO2‐rebreathe (5% CO2, 95% O2) followed 20 min later by incremental cycle exercise (15–30 W/min), both in a semi‐recumbent position. Ventilatory indices, intrathoracic pressures and ultrasonographic measures of diaphragm shortening were assessed before, during and after each task. From rest to iso‐time, inspiratory tidal volume and minute ventilation increased two‐ to threefold. At equivalent levels of tidal volume and minute ventilation, mean inspiratory transdiaphragmatic pressure () was consistently higher during exercise compared with CO2‐rebreathe due to larger increases in gastric pressure and the passive component of (i.e., mechanical output due to static contractions), and yet diaphragm excursion was consistently lower. This lower excursion during exercise was accompanied by a reduction in excursion time with no difference in the active component of . Consequently, the rates of increase in excursion velocity (excursion/time) and power output (active × velocity) did not differ between the two tasks. In conclusion, the power output of the human diaphragm during dynamic lower‐limb exercise appears to be preserved via coordinated changes in contractile shortening. The findings may have significance in settings where the ventilatory and stabilising functions of the diaphragm must be balanced (e.g., rehabilitation).
Growth Mechanism of a Vortex Structure Formed by a Sweeping Jet and a Main Flow
Authors: Kobayashi Eisei , Fuchiwaki Masaki , Raghu Surya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The vortex structure generated by a single jet emit into the main flow is known as a jet in cross flow and is a fundamental phenomenon that has been reported in many studies. On the other hand, high-velocity, oscillating, sweeping jets are also attracting attention for their engineering applications, but the flow generated by sweeping jets emitted into the main flow is not fully understood due to a highly unsteady fluid phenomenon. In the present study, a large-scale vortex structure generated by a sweeping jet emitted into the main flow at an angle of 30 degrees from the wall is clarified through numerical simulation. Sweeping jets form a single stream tube near the outlet, specifically at z/d &lt; 4.5, and gradually split into two stream tubes from z/d &gt; 4.5. The vortex rings are generated by the interaction among the sweeping jet, the main flow, and the wall surface. The vortex rings tilt perpendicular to the main flow as they develop but dissipate due to the rotation of the high-velocity jet and transform into numerous elongated vortices.
Porous Media Model Parameter Development in Flame Arrestor Applications Numerical Study
Authors: Farah Hoden A. , de la Houssaye Bartley , Diaz Juan , Lu Frank K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The flow characteristics, across a detonation flame arrestor in gas transport pipelines was studied in detail numerically. The pressure drop in the flame arrestor is predominantly associated with the crimp design of the flame arrestor element. The flow in the flame arrestor element is three dimensional, making it very challenging and computationally expensive for numerical modeling. To overcome the complexity of directly modeling the three-dimensional flow, a porous media model is developed using the Forchheimer equation. The coefficients of the Forchheimer equation were obtained from experiments and numerical simulation. The experimental method used test data on a small-scale crimped flame arrestor element. In the numerical method, a single triangular crimp-channel flow numerical simulation result was used to calculate the Forchheimer coefficients. Numerical solutions of flow across a small-scale flame element using the experimentally and numerically developed Forchheimer equations were verified experimentally. The result in both cases were validated to within five percent of experimental data. The flow characteristic result calculated using the numerically developed Forchheimer equation has similar accuracy as the experimentally developed coefficients. The simplification and advantages gained by developing the Forchheimer coefficients using numerical methods in flame arrestor applications is presented.
Development of Additional Material Transport to Augmented Reality Sandbox Algorithm to Model Pollution and Contaminant Runoff
Authors: Ainsworth Tyler , Smith Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) sandboxes make use of play sand, a depth sensor (to sense the topography in the sand), a computer (to run calculations), and a projector (to display a responsive topographic height map onto the sand). AR sandboxes can be found in schools and museums across the world being used to teach students and patrons about topography, runoff, and other geological topics. The sandboxes provide a mixed reality experience as the users manipulate standard play sand but view simulated rain and water runoff. In this work, an additional transport equation is added to standard augmented reality sandbox algorithm. This transport equation allows modeling of contaminants as a point source or as runoff from a specified area. The transport of fluid and contaminants is driven by gravity and gradients across cells, The presence of pollution in the simulated water is displayed through a new visual texture with the color and opacity of the texture conveying the concentration of the contamination. The inclusion of this additional transport equation extends the educational application of the AR sandbox.
Methodology for Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic and Mechanical Characteristics of Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Strauch Carsten , Peter Julija , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Validation of flow topologies within rotary Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) remains challenging due to small geometric dimensions of these pumps. Blood damage induced by VADs is suspected to be correlated to local flow patterns and therefore numerical simulation techniques established as a powerful tool for investigating local flow phenomena. Consequently, deep understanding of these flow fields contributes significantly to the design of blood-preserving Ventricular Assist Devices and increase life span of affected patients.
Different methods for verification of numerical simulations are available, but validations of applied turbulence models have so far been lacking. To close this knowledge gap, it is essential to examine flow fields inside a rotary blood pump by optical investigations. To realize optical accessibility for investigation of flow fields, and to validate turbulence models, it is necessary to abandon drive and bearing/suspension originally used in appropriate VAD designs. To draw reliable conclusions about hydraulic and mechanical characteristics, precise and reproducible investigations with low measurement uncertainty are mandatory. Only very accurate experimental results can be used to validate numerical simulations due to geometrical dimensions, constraints on manufacturing techniques, sensor accuracies, and materials.
In this paper a methodology is presented how to design the bearing/suspension of the impeller to fulfill mandatory requirements needed for validation of flow topologies. Furthermore, Gaussian Error Propagation is used to quantify achieved precision and reproducibility.
Effects of Tip Clearance on Internal Flow and Loss Generation Mechanism in an Axial Compressor at Windmilling Conditions
Authors: Inada Tomohiro , Sekino Ryousuke , Fujisawa Nobumichi , Ohta Yutaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The internal flow structure and loss generation mechanism of a single-stage compressor during windmilling were investigated through experimental and computational analyses. The windmilling state occurs when the air flowing through an unlit engine drives the compressor rotor blades, similar to a turbine. This study focused on the effect of tip clearance size on the internal flow during windmilling operations. Therefore, detached eddy simulations were conducted at three tip clearance conditions: without clearance, design clearance, and wide clearance. Consequently, the total pressure loss decreased when the size of the tip clearance was expanded under windmilling conditions. In the windmilling state, separation on the pressure side due to the high negative incidence was generated, which was the main reason for the total pressure loss. When the size of the clearance increased, the size of the separation decreased because of the tip leakage flow. According to the detailed numerical results for the windmilling state, the leakage flow held the separation to the blade surface near the tip area. In addition, the tip leakage flow formed a blockage in the midchord, so the tip side of the separation vortex was moved to the midchord and formed a significant loss region. Thus, the tip leakage flow reduced the loss region, and the overall loss was reduced.