bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclisiran: A Novel Small Interfering RNA Drug for Low‐Density Lipoprotein Reduction
Authors: Smith Kimberly W. , White C. Michael 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTInclisiran increases the number of low‐density lipoprotein surface receptors expressed on hepatocytes using small interfering RNA directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA. This novel mechanism can reduce low‐density lipoprotein by ≈50%, like reductions achieved with high‐intensity statins or PCSK9‐inhibiting monoclonal antibodies. Inclisiran is indicated in the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, unable to achieve target LDL concentrations with diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy. It is more expensive than PCSK9‐inhibiting monoclonal antibodies and still lacks clinical evidence for the expected reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events when added to statin therapy. Although some patients experience injection‐site reactions of mild or moderate severity, current evidence suggests a strong safety profile with total and serious adverse events approximating that of placebo. The dosing protocol of inclisiran offers its biggest clinical advantage over PCSK9‐inhibiting monoclonal antibodies, being administered only every 6 months after initial baseline and 3‐month doses rather than every second or fourth week. Unlike PCSK9‐inhibiting monoclonal antibodies, inclisiran has not as yet been noted to induce neutralizing antidrug antibodies that can impact drug efficacy. Thus, inclisirin is a novel small interfering RNA molecule that provides further options in the management of hypercholesterolemia refractory to statins alone. However, cost and evidence considerations suggest it should not supplant adjunctive therapy with the PCSK9‐inhibiting monoclonal antibodies, despite having an efficacy, safety, tolerability, and drug interaction profile superior to other antihypercholesterolemic options such as lomitapide, niacin, bile acid sequestrants, and bempedoic acid.
Stereoselective synthesis of dispiroindano pyrrolidines by the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of thiazolo[3,2‐a]indole tethered dipolarophile with azomethine ylides
Authors: Thomas Noble V. , Sathi Vidya , Deepthi Ani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAzomethine ylides generated by the reaction of cyclic ketones, namely ninhydrin, acenaphthene quinone and 11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]‐quinoxalin‐11‐one, with (i) α‐amino acids (ii) primary/secondary amines, have been successfully utilized for one‐pot three‐component [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with a thiazolo[3,2‐a]indole containing dipolarophile (in‐turn generated by the reaction of thieno[2,3‐b]indole‐2,3‐dione and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate). Dispiro heterocycles were synthesized in excellent yields and with high stereo‐ and regioselectivity.
A 247‐year tree‐ring reconstruction of spring temperature and relation to spring flooding in eastern boreal Canada
Authors: Nolin Alexandre Florent , Girardin Martin Philippe , Tardif Jacques Clément , Guo Xiao Jing , Conciatori France , Bergeron Yves 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew records of spring paleoclimate are available for boreal Canada, as biological proxies recording the beginning of the warm season are uncommon. Given the spring warming observed during the last decades, and its impact on snowmelt and hydrological processes, searching for spring climate proxies is receiving increasing attention. Tree‐ring anatomical features and intra‐annual widths were used to reconstruct the regional March to May mean air temperature from 1770 to 2016 in eastern boreal Canada. Nested principal component regressions calibrated on 116 years of gridded temperature data were developed from one Fraxinus nigra and 10 Pinus banksiana sites. The reconstruction indicated three distinct phases in spring temperature variability since 1770. Ample phases of multi‐decadal warm and cold springs persisted until the end of the Little Ice Age (1850–1870 CE) and were gradually replaced since the 1940s by decadal to interannual variability associated with an increase in the frequency and magnitude of warm springs. Significant correlations with other paleotemperature records, gridded snow cover extent and runoff support that historical high flooding were associated with late, cold springs with heavy snow cover. Most of the high magnitude spring floods reconstructed for the nearby Harricana River also coincided with the lowest reconstructed spring temperature per decade. However, the last 40 years of observed and reconstructed mean spring temperature showed a reduction in the number of extreme cold springs contrasting with the last few decades of extreme flooding in the eastern Canadian boreal region. This result indicates that warmer late spring mean temperatures on average may contribute, among other factors, to advance the spring break‐up and to likely shift the contribution of snow to rain in spring flooding processes.
Effects of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on systemic inflammatory markers and metabolic profile in obese and non‐obese rats
Authors: Pereira Karina Kimiko Yamashina , Jara Cynthia Mireya , Antunes Géssica Luana , Gomes Maximiliano Schünke , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Cavagni Juliano , Haas Alex Nogueira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about a synergistic effect of periodontitis and obesity on systemic biomarkers and a possible effect periodontal treatment may exert. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation and metabolic profile in obese and non‐obese rats.MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in six groups differentiated by diet and periodontal status: no periodontitis (G1 and G4), untreated ligature‐induced periodontitis (G2 and G5), and treated ligature‐induced periodontitis (G3 and G6). Groups G4, G5, and G6 were exposed to cafeteria diet to induce obesity. Periodontitis was induced by silk ligatures over 4 weeks (G2, G3, G5, and G6). Rats in G3 and G6 received scaling and root planing and were followed for additional 4 weeks. After sacrifice, serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17a, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF‐α), glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) were compared between groups.ResultsCRP was significantly higher in obese rats with than without periodontitis (G5 = 10.15 versus G4 = 4.47 μg/L, P = 0.01). No beneficial effects of periodontal treatment were observed for CRP levels, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐17a, and TNF‐α, glucose and triglycerides. Treated periodontitis (G6) exhibited significantly lower TC than the periodontitis group (G5) in obese rats.ConclusionPeriodontitis increased serum CRP in obese rats, indicating a synergistic role of periodontitis in the systemic inflammatory burden triggered by obesity. The treatment of induced periodontitis reduced TC levels in obese rats.
Prosopis juliflora piperidine alkaloid extract levels in diet for sheep change energy and nitrogen metabolism and affect enteric methane yield
Authors: Sousa Larisse Borges , Albuquerque Pereira Mara Lúcia , de Oliveira Silva Herymá Giovane , Sousa Leandro Borges , e Silva Leandro Santos , Machado Fernanda Samarini , Tomich Thierry Ribeiro , Oss Daniela Batista , Ferreira Alexandre Lima , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Costa Isabela Carvalho , Ribeiro Pereira Luiz Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonophore antibiotics improve the efficiency of energy metabolism, which has driven their use as a feed additive in ruminants for decades. Currently, they have not been approved in many countries, generating a challenge for the immediate search for plant extracts with a similar mode of action on rumen metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of enriched Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) piperidine alkaloid extract (MPA) levels as an alternative phytoadditive to sodium monensin (MON) in sheep.RESULTSThe MPA diet did not differ from MON with regard to nutrient intake. A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility, with respective maximum point at 25.40 and minimum point at 0.95 mg kg−1 MPA. The MPA levels linearly decreased (P < 0.05) faecal nitrogen loss. MPA did not differ from MON with regard to nutrient digestibility, and MPA levels increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of digestible energy and metabolizability from dietary gross energy. The MPA levels linearly decreased (P < 0.05) enteric CH4 production, the yield showing lower (P < 0.05) energy loss as CH4 than MON.CONCLUSIONThe results show that MPA levels of 17.3 and 27.8 mg kg−1 are enteric CH4 inhibitors and enhance energy and protein utilization, indicating a promising alternative to MON for ruminants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Re‐conceptualising the empowerment of local people in tourism
Authors: Abdullah Taufik , Carr Neil , Lee Craig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe empowerment of local communities has been a popular buzzword to assess the success of tourism development. However, there is concern regarding the implementation of empowerment in this industry, resulting in some problematic issues in developing tourist destinations. In response, this paper provides a critical analysis of empowerment programs initiated by external organisations in the tourism industry to develop a better understanding of how to achieve empowerment of marginalised individuals and groups. This conceptual paper argues that the most crucial component of empowerment is the agency of the empowered people so they can be self‐directed.
Laser‐Assisted Sialolithotripsy: A Correlation of Objective and Subjective Outcomes
Authors: Rai Varun , Walvekar Rohan R , Verma Jatin , Monga Uday , Rai Devinder , Munjal Manish 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze the long‐term symptomatic results of laser‐assisted sialolithotripsy (LAS) in cases of obstructive sialolithiasis and correlate with objective criteria using diagnostic sialendoscopy (DS) as a method of examination.MethodsThis is a retrospective study comprising 50 consecutive patients who underwent holmium‐YAG LAS and completed follow‐up of at least 6 months. Symptom scoring and endoscopic scoring were done at 6 weeks and 6 months intervals for further study purposes.ResultsAt the end of 6 weeks post‐LAS, 70% patients were asymptomatic (A‐sym) and only 30% had residual symptoms (Sym). However, obstructed duct (OB‐duct) was observed on endoscopic scoring in 88% due to stenosis, residual stones, or both stenosis and residual stones. The obstructed ducts were treated in outpatient clinic and followed up over time, leading to 98% of patients being in A‐sym group at the end of study period of 6 months. At the end of study, 82% of patients had clear duct (CL‐duct).ConclusionHolmium LAS is a viable option for the management of intermediate‐sized stones. LAS if used judiciously, and in properly selected cases, has high rate of stone fragmentation and symptom resolution. A vigilant postoperative protocol taking into account residual mealtime symptoms and altered salivary characteristics combined with early DS can help identify and treat patients with residual stone fragments and ductal stenosis.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2344–2349, 2022
Land‐use change impacts on soil and vegetation attributes in the Kanshi River basin, Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Sohail , Dastgeer Ghulam , Yaseen Muhammad , Latif Yasir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil erosion and land degradation have intensified recently, resulting from large‐scale land‐use and land cover (LULC) change, deforestation and farm mechanization. This phenomenon motivates the rationale for the assessment of such land‐use changes and their impacts on soil and vegetation in the Kanshi River basin using various remote sensing techniques between 1987–2019. The image classification enabled the identification of dry and highland zones. It was observed that around 17% of natural vegetation cover disappeared and was converted into agricultural land. Significant increase in extensive agricultural practices, population growth, settlement, and the brick industry have increased soil erosion and changed the landscape of the Kanshi region during 1987–2019. Further, we classify gully erosion, rill erosion, sprinkle erosion, and sheet erosion have all been found at rates of 43%, 27%, 9%, and 21%, respectively. Similarly, soil classes in 2019 were doubled, with Sambrial association (1%), Rajar complex (36%), Dhulian association (15%), Gullied (15%), Missa complex, Rough mountainous (2%) and Rough broken (17%), compared to four classes in 1987: Gullied, Missa complex, rough broken land, and Torrent bed land. Whereas in 1987, four types of soils were observed. The recorded soil series had a limited water holding capacity and were well drained. Soil erosion is a natural and inevitable phenomenon; however, its intensity can be reduced by appropriate water resource management in this basin.
Treatment of nail psoriasis with pulsed dye laser versus combined pulsed dye and Nd:YAG lasers—An intrapatient left‐to‐right study
Authors: Roter Gustaw , Szczerkowska‐Dobosz Aneta , Nowicki Roman J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere are limited treatment options for nail psoriasis. It is important to find new therapies and improve existing ones. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pulsed dye laser (PDL) versus combined PDL and Nd:YAG lasers in patients with nail psoriasis.MethodsFourteen patients (with a total of 126 nails affected by nail psoriasis) were treated with PDL (6 J/cm2, 7 mm, 0.45 milliseconds) on both hands and additionally with Nd:YAG (10 J/cm2, 6 mm, 15 milliseconds) on the right hand. Three treatment sessions were applied at 4‐week intervals and patients were followed up for 6 months after the last session. Disease severity was assessed using the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index, both 8‐ and 32‐point variant. Additionally, Dermatology Life Quality Index was assessed before and after treatment.ResultsOverall, there was a statistical difference in 8‐ and 32‐point NAPSI score before and after treatment for both hands. However, there was no statistical difference between the score for the right and left hands based on both scale variants. Some aspects of patients' lives showed improvement due to the treatment.ConclusionsBoth PDL in monotherapy and combined Nd:Yag+PDL lasers are safe and effective in treatment of nail psoriasis, although combined therapy shows no advantage over the use of a single laser.
Ilex paraguariensis Extracts Prevent Oxidative Damage in a Mouse Model of Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Tate Pablo S. , Marquioni‐Ramella Melisa D. , Cerchiaro Constanza , Suburo Angela M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD), a chronic disease of the retina, leads to severe visual loss. AMD affects the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the visual cells (photoreceptors). RPE failure, the first step of this disease, is associated with oxidative stress. Since antioxidants can slow down AMD progression, the intake of foods and drinks rich in antioxidant compounds may reduce retinal damage. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate, YM) extracts reduce oxidative damage of RPE cells in vitro as shown in previous study. Here, the effects of YM drinking on RPE and photoreceptor survival after oxidative damage with sodium iodate (NaIO3; SI) in a murine AMD model are described. Funduscopy and histology show that YM treatment prevents RPE and photoreceptor damage. YM also increases the expression of NRF2, the master antioxidant gene, and its effectors HO‐1 and SOD2. In mice receiving YM and SI, the antioxidant response is larger than in mice receiving YM or SI alone. The YM drink also increases expression of RPE65, a gene that is involved in the functionality and survival of photoreceptors and RPE cells. The results suggest YM can play an important role in the prevention of retinal damage associated with oxidative stress, such as AMD.
Cardioprotective Properties of Phenolic Compounds: A Role for Biological Rhythms
Authors: Torres‐Fuentes Cristina , Suárez Manuel , Aragonès Gerard , Mulero Miquel , Ávila‐Román Javier , Arola‐Arnal Anna , Salvadó Maria Josepa , Arola Lluís , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Muguerza Begoña 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide and their prevalence is continuously increasing. Available treatments may present several side effects and therefore the development of new safer therapeutics is of interest. Phenolic compounds have shown several cardioprotective properties helpful in reducing different CVD risk factors such as inflammation, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, or endothelial dysfunction. These factors are significantly influenced by biological rhythms which are in fact emerging as key modulators of important metabolic and physiological processes. Thus, increased events of CVD have been observed under circadian rhythm disruption or in winter versus other seasons. These rhythms can also affect the functionality of phenolic compounds. Indeed, different effects have been observed depending on the administration time or under different photoperiods. Therefore, in this review the focus will be on the potential of phenolic compounds as therapeutics to prevent CVD via biological rhythm modulation.
Effects of Cobalt Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Metabolic Activities, and Cobalt Contents in the Tissue of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Li Xuehe , Lin Huaxing , Zhu Zhanhao , Watson Ray Gyan , Zhou Shuangyan , Yang Qihui , Tan Beiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This two-factorial study was designed to evaluate the influence of cobalt (Co) sources (cobalt chloride hexahydrate [Cl-Co] and methionine Co [M-Co]) and levels (a control and two sets of five Co diets) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, metabolic activities, and Co contents in the tissue of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of 1,320 juvenile shrimp (0.49 ± 0.01 g [mean ± SD]) were randomized into 11 groups (three replicates of each group) and reared for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were significantly affected by Co level, Co source, and their interaction. Different dietary sources and Co levels had significant interaction effects on the triglyceride, total protein, and cholesterol contents but not on the glucose content. The results showed that Co sources and levels had interaction effects on the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. The interaction had a notable influence on the Co content of the muscle and hepatopancreas. The Co content increased significantly with increased Co recruitment, and the value for the M-Co group was higher than that for the Cl-Co group when the dietary Co level was 40 mg/kg. According to the weight gain rate, the optimal requirements of M-Co and Cl-Co through broken-line regression analysis for juvenile Pacific white shrimp were 6.10 and 37.64 mg Co/kg, respectively. The growth promotion effect of M-Co on juvenile Pacific white shrimp was higher than that of Cl-Co.
Clinical effectiveness of focal muscle vibration on gait and postural stability in individuals with neurological disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Alashram Anas R. , Padua Elvira , Romagnoli Cristian , Raju Manikandan , Annino Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGait deficits and postural instability are common impairments among patients with neurological disorders. These impairments limit function independence and decrease activities of daily living. Focal muscle vibration (FMV) produces vibration signals affecting the nervous system. No systematic review has been published examining the influence of FMV on gait ability and postural stability in individuals with neurological disorders.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of FMV on gait and postural stability parameters in individuals with neurological disorders.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, PEDro, REHABDATA, web of science, CHAINAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched from inception to July 2021. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.ResultsFive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria. The scores on the PEDro scale ranged from seven to nine, with a median score of eight. The results showed evidence for the benefits and non‐benefits of the FMV intervention on gait and postural stability in individuals with neurological disorders.ConclusionsThe FMV intervention is safe and well‐tolerated in individuals with neurological disorders. The evidence for the effects of FMV on individuals with neurological disorders was limited. Further high‐quality studies with long‐term follow‐up are strongly needed.
Structured Ultra‐Flyweight Aerogels by Interfacial Complexation: Self‐Assembly Enabling Multiscale Designs
Authors: Kamkar Milad , Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Ajdary Rubina , Lu Yi , Ahmadijokani Farhad , Mhatre Sameer E. , Erfanian Elnaz , Sundararaj Uttandaraman , Arjmand Mohammad , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid co‐assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and a surfactant at the oil/water (O/W) interface is harnessed to develop a new class of soft materials comprising continuous, multilayer, interpenetrated, and tubular structures. The process uses a microfluidic approach that enables interfacial complexation of two‐phase systems, herein, termed as “liquid streaming” (LS). LS is demonstrated as a general method to design multifunctional soft materials of specific hierarchical order and morphology, conveniently controlled by the nature of the oil phase and extrusion's injection pressure, print‐head speed, and nozzle diameter. The as‐obtained LS systems can be readily converted into ultra‐flyweight aerogels displaying worm‐like morphologies with multiscale porosities (micro‐ and macro‐scaled). The presence of reduced GO nanosheets in such large surface area systems renders materials with outstanding mechanical compressibility and tailorable electrical activity. This platform for engineering soft materials and solid constructs opens up new horizons toward advanced functionality and tunability, as demonstrated here for ultralight printed conductive circuits and electromagnetic interference shields.
Solid‐State Na Metal Batteries with Superior Cycling Stability Enabled by Ferroelectric Enhanced Na/Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Interface
Authors: Sun Zheng , Zhao Yongjie , Ni Qing , Liu Yang , Sun Chen , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolid‐state metal batteries are attracting unprecedented concern because of their high energy density and safety. However, their service life, especially at high specific density, is hindered by the undesirable reversibility of metal anodes, owing to the inhomogeneous ion distribution and awkward charge transfer dynamics at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, it is well demonstrated that ferroelectric phase BaTiO3 reinforced Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic electrolyte can deconcentrate the distribution of charge transfer and self‐accelerate Na+ migration at the Na/Na3Zr2Si2PO12 interface upon cycling, realizing a compact Na deposition morphology together with a high critical current density (1.05 mA cm‐2 at ambient conditions). Assembled symmetric cells based on the proposed composite electrolyte render stable cycling up to 1000 h at 0.3 mA cm‐2. Specifically, the all solid‐state sodium metal batteries paired with Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 cathode material can deliver a capacity of 95 mAh g‐1 at 100 mA g‐1 and maintain 84.4% of the initial capacity after 400 cycles. This excellent electrochemical performance clearly confirm the feasibility of the introduction of ferroelectric BaTiO3 to suppress the dendrite nucleation and Na propagation within ceramic electrolyte. This research offers new insight into the rational design of inorganic electrolyte, revealing dendrite‐free and long‐term all‐solid‐state sodium batteries.