bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of fracture in patients who firstly starts kidney replacement therapy in Korea: a retrospective population-based study
Authors: Kim Youngrong , Lee Eunyoung , Lee Min-Jeong , Park Bumhee , Park Inwhee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe incidence of fractures in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is high which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Since fractures are preventable diseases to some extent, epidemiologic studies are needed a lot. The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiology of fractures by modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). We performed a retrospective analysis of 52,777 patients dependent on KRT from 2008 to 2017 using the National Health Insurance System of Republic Korea. Fractures were occurred in 8995 (17.04%) of 52,777 patients with ESKD. Hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients had the highest (57.4 per 1000 person-year) and the lowest (25.2 per 1000 person-year) incidence rate, respectively. The two most common fracture sites were the lower limb and upper limb, regardless of KRT modality. The first fractures were about 2.55 ± 2.07 years after KRT initiation, the earliest in Hemodialysis patients. Diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung and liver disease were risk factors of fractures. The use of steroids, anti-osteoporosis medications, and some classes of psychotropics and opioids was associated with an elevated risk. The results of this study inform the understanding of fractures in KRT patients.
Antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-obesity effects of phenylthio-ethyl benzoate derivatives, and molecular docking study regarding α-amylase enzyme
Authors: Jaradat Nidal , Khasati Ahmad , Hawi Maram , Hawash Mohammed , Shekfeh Suhaib , Qneibi Mohammad , Eid Ahmad M. , Arar Mohammad , Qaoud Mohammed T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn addition to their wide therapeutic application, benzoates and benzoic acid derivatives are the most commonly utilized food preservatives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities of four 2-(phenylthio)-ethyl benzoate derivatives utilizing standard biomedical assays. The results revealed that the 2a compound has potent antidiabetic activity through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase with IC50 doses of 3.57 ± 1.08 and 10.09 ± 0.70 µg/ml, respectively, compared with the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 6.47 and 44.79 µg/ml), respectively. In addition, by utilizing the β-carotene linoleic acid and DPPH methods, the 2a compound showed the highest antioxidant activity compared with positive controls. Moreover, the 2a compound showed potential anti-lipase activity with an IC50 dose of 107.95 ± 1.88 µg/ml compared to orlistat (IC50 = 25.01 ± 0.78 µg/ml). A molecular docking study was used to understand the interactions between four derivatives of (2-(phenylthio)-ethyl benzoate with α-amylase binding pocket. The present study concludes that the 2a compound could be exploited for further antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-obesity preclinical and clinical tests and design suitable pharmaceutical forms to treat these global health problems.
Prognostic significance of intra-tumoral budding in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Hachisuga Toru , Murakami Midori , Harada Hiroshi , Ueda Taeko , Kurita Tomoko , Kagami Seiji , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Tajiri Ryosuke , Hisaoka Masanori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntra-tumoral budding (ITB) has been well demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in colorectal carcinoma. This study investigated the prognostic significance of ITB in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). The medical records and slides of 84 SOCs, including 13 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), were retrospectively reviewed. The histopathologic examination with scoring of p53 expression showed them to be 80 HGSOCs and 4 low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs). ITB was found in 64 (80.0%) of the 80 HGSOCs and 1 (25.0%) of 4 LGSOCs. The presence of ITB in HGSOC was significantly correlated with a higher level of CA125, an advanced 2014 FIGO stage, the presence of Lymph node metastasis, and the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 18 months in patients with HGSOC with ITB and 36 months in patients with HGSOC without ITB (P = 0.006), and their median overall survival (OS) was 50 months and 60 months (P = 0.060). The multivariate analysis revealed that ITB was not an independent prognostic factor. ITB is a cost-effective prognostic indicator for patients with HGSOC and ITB in ovarian tumor tissue is considered a useful histological biomarker of the progression of HGSOCs.
Modest flooding can trigger catastrophic road network collapse due to compound failure
Authors: Dong Shangjia , Gao Xinyu , Mostafavi Ali , Gao Jianxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCompound failures occur when urban flooding coincides with traffic congestion, and their impact on network connectivity is poorly understood. Firstly, either three-dimensional road networks or the traffic on the roads has been considered, but not both. Secondly, we lack network science frameworks to consider compound failures in infrastructure networks. Here we present a network-theory-based framework that bridges this gap by considering compound structural, functional, and topological failures. We analyze high-resolution traffic data using network percolation theory to study the response of the transportation network in Harris County, Texas, US to Hurricane Harvey in 2017. We find that 2.2% of flood-induced compound failure may lead to a reduction in the size of the largest cluster where network connectivity exists, the giant component, 17.7%. We conclude that indirect effects, such as changes in traffic patterns, must be accounted for when assessing the impacts of flooding on transportation network connectivity and functioning.
Network cartographs for interpretable visualizations
Authors: Hütter Christiane V. R. , Sin Celine , Müller Felix , Menche Jörg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNetworks offer an intuitive visual representation of complex systems. Important network characteristics can often be recognized by eye and, in turn, patterns that stand out visually often have a meaningful interpretation. In conventional network layout algorithms, however, the precise determinants of a node’s position within a layout are difficult to decipher and to control. Here we propose an approach for directly encoding arbitrary structural or functional network characteristics into node positions. We introduce a series of two- and three-dimensional layouts, benchmark their efficiency for model networks, and demonstrate their power for elucidating structure-to-function relationships in large-scale biological networks.
Effect of osmotic pressure on pore formation in lipid bilayers by the antimicrobial peptide magainin 2
Authors: Billah Md. Masum , Saha Samiron Kumar , Or Rashid Md. Mamun , Hossain Farzana , Yamazaki Masahito 
Published: February 2022

Osmotic pressure (Π) induces membrane tension σ in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which elevates rate constant kp for antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation in GUVs. The process of its pore evolution in GUVs with σ was revealed.
How to Interpret and Evaluate a Meta-Analysis in the Field of Speech-Language Pathology: A Tutorial for Clinicians
Authors: Donohue Cara , Carnaby Giselle , Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
This tutorial will provide speech-language pathologists with practical considerations and pragmatic tools for interpreting and critically evaluating a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis, which is a statistical procedure that involves combining research data across multiple high-quality research studies, is often considered the highest level of research evidence. Although meta-analyses are commonly deployed in clinical research after completing a systematic review, few clinicians or clinician scientists within the field of speech-language pathology receive formal training to conduct, interpret, or assess meta-analyses to determine the effectiveness of a treatment or procedure for evidence-based practice.

Conclusion:
Clinicians within the field of speech-language pathology may use the foundational knowledge and practical guidelines outlined in this tutorial about meta-analyses to expand their knowledge of research methods and to shape their clinical practice.
A three‐stage capacitor‐less low noise LDO regulator for DCO phase noise reduction
Authors: Jeong Il , Lee Junyong , Bae Sunghyun , Lee Minjae 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA phase noise reduction technique is presented in a three‐stage capacitor‐less (CL) low dropout (LDO) regulator. This paper proposes a simple RC network that reduces the noise from both bias generation and inside the LDO. This LDO is applied to a conventional CMOS LC oscillator and achieved 3 dB reduction of phase noise at 1 MHz offset from 20 GHz output. The line and load regulations are, 90 μV/V and 0.013 μV/mA, and the output noise at 1 MHz is 6.6 .
High‐speed focus‐induced photoresponse in amorphous silicon photodetectors for optical distance measurements
Authors: Bablich Andreas , Müller Maurice , Kienitz Paul , Bornemann Rainer , Bolívar Peter Haring 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Focus‐Induced Photoresponse (FIP) enables 3D sensing capabilities by evaluating the irradiance dependent non‐linear detector response in defect‐based materials. Since this advantage is intricately associated to a slow response, the electrical bandwidth of previous FIP sensors is limited to a few kHz only. We report the FIP in amorphous silicon pin photodiodes and propose a sensor read out based on a harmonics analyses. We achieve modulation frequencies of 500 kHz and a non‐linear beat frequency detection up to at least 3.5 MHz, surpassing the bandwidth of state‐of‐the‐art architectures by at least a factor of 175. The FIP sensors further achieve signal‐to‐noise ratios of ∼50 dB, depth resolutions of at least 5.4 mm at 126 cm and a DC FIP detection limit of 1.3 µW/mm2.
A gamma self‐correction method via chord distribution coding in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Deng Gaoxu , Wu Shiqian , Zou Lingyun , Cao Wei , Wan Zhonghua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a gamma self‐correction method via chord distribution coding to eliminate the system's gamma effect. For this purpose, the prior gamma‐Gaussian characteristic value, which is extracted by chord distribution Gaussian fitting of the preset gamma's wrapped phase, is used to map the projector's gamma. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has competitive accuracy and feasibility for fringe acquisition and gamma calculation. Thus, this method can be used for online gamma self‐correction in continuous three‐dimensional measurement.
Research on transient stability control method for LCC‐HVDC receiving‐end system based on the gradient of dynamic energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Zhang Jiaming , Wang Xucheng , Ma Ruichen , Shen Yaqi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new transient stability control strategy for the Line‐Commutated‐Converter based High‐Voltage‐Direct‐Current (LCC‐HVDC) receiving‐end system based on the gradient of dynamic energy is proposed to deal with this problem. Firstly, in the whole process from fault occurrence to fault removal, a dynamic energy function representing the stability of the system is constructed. On this basis, considering the influence of Direct Current (DC) inverter side controller, the dynamic energy gradient expression under three‐phase and single‐phase short‐circuit fault scenarios is deduced in detail. The influence of control parameters on dynamic energy accumulation or consumption is analytically described. Then, the function term related to the inverter side controller is extracted from the dynamic energy gradient expression, the trigger pulse on the inverter side is controlled to keep the dynamic energy gradient of the DC port at the minimum. Finally, the hardware in the loop test is carried out on RT‐LAB. The test results show that in the process of receiving end fault, the DC port will inject dynamic energy to the receiving end system, making the system tend to be unstable. This method is able to reduce the dynamic energy accumulation rate of system and increase the critical clearing time of system.
Adjustable unbalanced current controller for tranformerless PV generation to suppress DC voltage ripples of inverter in low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) operation
Authors: Kadri Afshin , Ebrahimi Reza , Pouresmaeil Edris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow voltage ride‐trough (LVRT) feature is compulsory for each grid‐connected inverter to support the grid by injecting reactive power in low voltage conditions. It is well known that the operation of an inverter in a normal grid condition is different from its operation in a faulty one. One of the detrimental effects of working in a faulty grid is ripples in the DC bus voltage due to the active power oscillation caused by unbalance voltages. Here, a new control system based on unbalance current injection is proposed to eliminate these ripples. For the analysis, a four‐leg inverter is considered in a transformerless microgrid. Then, instantaneous power constraints, which are imposed by the capacity of the inverter, and low voltage ride‐through necessities are considered to achieve the required reference currents. In addition, constant power strategy is used as a power control method and essential reference currents for this condition are presented. Moreover, the required reference currents are achieved to eliminate the ripples in the DC bus voltage when the constant power strategy cannot be performed because of current limitation restriction. Finally, simulation results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller in different conditions.
Vulnerability assessment and defence strategy to site distributed generation in smart grid
Authors: Nayak Jay , Al‐Anbagi Irfan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFalse data injection (FDI) attacks tamper with the state estimation data and can pose significant threats to the smart grid. The vulnerability analysis and defence strategies may help to mitigate the impact of these attacks. However, existing research efforts have not addressed the computational power and accuracy issues in the vulnerability analysis and defence mechanisms using realistic test environments. In this work, the authors present a novel low‐complexity FDI attacks model to perform the vulnerability analysis. The authors develop a reduced‐row‐echelon‐form‐based greedy algorithm using the non‐linear power flow system to generate FDI attacks more accurately. Later, the authors propose a novel optimal defence strategy by developing a greedy algorithm. The authors' algorithm finds the optimal power assets' locations and defends against hidden FDI attacks with low computation cost. Finally, the authors utilize the proposed AC‐based attack and defence models to identify secure sites for distributed generation (DG) in the smart grid. The authors' experimental results for various IEEE standard test systems show enhanced accuracy of the attack and defence algorithms. The authors also validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in finding secure sites for DG units in the smart grid.
Extension and validation of the pendulum model for longitudinal solar prominence oscillations
Authors: Luna M. , Terradas J. , Karpen J. , Ballester J. L. 
Published: February 2022

Context.Longitudinal oscillations in prominences are common phenomena on the Sun. These oscillations can be used to infer the geometry and intensity of the filament magnetic field. Previous theoretical studies of longitudinal oscillations made two simplifying assumptions: uniform gravity and semicircular dips on the supporting flux tubes. However, the gravity is not uniform and realistic dips are not semicircular.Aims.Our aim is to understand the effects of including the nonuniform solar gravity on longitudinal oscillations and explore the validity of the pendulum model with different flux-tube geometries.Methods.We first derived the equation describing the motion of the plasma along the flux tube including the effects of nonuniform gravity, yielding corrections to the original pendulum model. We also computed the full numerical solutions for the normal modes and compared them with the new pendulum approximation.Results.We find that the nonuniform gravity introduces a significant modification in the pendulum model. We also found a cut-off period; i.e., the longitudinal oscillations cannot have a period longer than 167 min. In addition, considering different tube geometries, the period depends almost exclusively on the radius of curvature at the bottom of the dip.Conclusions.We conclude that nonuniform gravity significantly modifies the pendulum model. These corrections are important for prominence seismology, because the inferred values of the radius of curvature and minimum magnetic-field strength differ substantially from those of the old model. However, we find that the corrected pendulum model is quite robust and is still valid for noncircular dips.
Tracking the 3D evolution of a halo coronal mass ejection using the revised cone model
Authors: Zhang Q. M. 
Published: February 2022

Aims. This paper aims to track the three-dimensional (3D) evolution of a full halo coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2011 June 21.
Methods. The CME results from a nonradial eruption of a filament-carrying flux rope in NOAA active region 11236. The eruption was observed in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths by the extreme-ultraviolet imager (EUVI) on board the ahead and behind Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecrafts and the atmospheric imaging assembly (AIA) on board the solar dynamics observatory (SDO). The CME was observed by the COR1 coronagraph on board STEREO and the C2 coronagraph on board the large angle spectroscopic coronagraph (LASCO). The revised cone model was slightly modified, with the top of the cone becoming a sphere, which is internally tangent to the legs. Using the multipoint observations, the cone model was applied to derive the morphological and kinematic properties of the CME.
Results. The cone shape fits nicely with the CME observed by EUVI and COR1 on board the STEREO twin spacecraft and LASCO/C2 coronagraph. The cone angle increases sharply from 54° to 130° in the initial phase, indicating a rapid expansion. A relation between the cone angle and the heliocentric distance of the CME leading front is derived, ω = 130° −480d−5, where d is in units of R⊙. The inclination angle decreases gradually from ∼51° to ∼18°, suggesting a trend of radial propagation. The heliocentric distance increases gradually in the initial phase and quickly in the later phase up to ∼11 R⊙. The true speed of the CME reaches ∼1140 km s−1, which is ∼1.6 times higher than the apparent speed in the LASCO/C2 field of view.
Conclusions. The revised cone model is promising in tracking the complete evolution of CMEs.
The highly divergent spermatozoon of the Palawan spiny rat,
Authors: Breed W. G. , Leigh C. M. , Peirce E. J. 
Published: February 2022

Context Sperm morphology varies greatly across mammalian species and this variability is especially evident in murid rodents with both sperm head shape and tail length being sexually selected traits. The Palawan spiny rat, Maxomys panglima has a longer sperm tail than that currently recorded for any other mammalian species. Aims The aim of the current study was to determine the sperm morphology of an individual Palawan spiny rat, M. panglima. Methods Light and transmission electron microscopy were carried out. Key results We found that the sperm tail of M. panglima has an average length of 380 μm with the midpiece being approximately 185 μm in length with comparatively small mitochondria but very large coarse fibres. Furthermore, the sperm head has a less acutely flexed apical hook than that of most other murid rodents including those of several other Maxomys species. Conclusions The Palawan spiny rat has a highly divergent sperm morphology with an extremely long tail. It may turn out to be an important species for testing various hypotheses of sperm form and function in mammals. Implications These findings suggest markedly different selective pressures may have resulted in this unique sperm morphology, the functional significance of which remains to be determined.
Nutrition for female athletes: What we know, what we don't know, and why
Authors: Areta José L. , Elliott‐Sale Kirsty J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMen are often considered as the default sex for studies in sports nutrition. Indeed, most of the seminal work to date in sports nutrition has been exclusively conducted on male participants. The 2021 Olympic Games had 49% female participation, signalling [almost] parity between sportsmen and sportswomen at the most elite sporting level for the first time. The volume of sports nutrition research using women as participants has, however, not kept pace with this rise in participation and professionalism. Therefore, to highlight what we currently know and don't know about sports nutrition for female athletes we invited well‐known and emerging researchers to contribute to this special edition on Nutrition for Female Athletes. Contributions cover three main themes: dietary and hydration requirements; low energy availability and making weight; and dietary supplements and gut health. In addition, this special addition explores why our understanding on this topic is limited and how we can further progress and promote this research area.
Equilibrium properties of inhomogeneous partially-magnetized plasma containing negative ions
Authors: Singh Pawandeep , Swati  , Karkari Shantanu Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical model for inhomogeneous, partially-magnetized electronegative plasma. It is shown that the radial potential of the plasma can be related to the electronegativity parameter

α
=

n

v

/

n

e

, the positive ion density, and the electron temperature distribution inside the plasma system. Using this expression, the electronegativity parameter has been determined in an oxygen plasma produced by a 13.56 MHz capacitive coupled radio-frequency discharge, and it is shown that the negative ion parameter obtained using this model is in good qualitative agreement with the saturation current ratio technique based on the cylindrical Langmuir probe.
A self-verification temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in a hollow core negative curvature fiber
Authors: Chen Qiang , Chen Hailiang , Liu Yundong , Wang Yujun , Fan Xiaoya , Bai Ge , Zhang Mengwei , Du Huijing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We proposed and simulated a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) temperature sensor with two loss peaks in a hollow core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF). Inner walls of the anti-resonant tubes in HC-NCF were plated with gold films to stimulate SPR, while the thermo-optic mixture of toluene and chloroform was filled in the air holes in HC-NCF to modulate the coupling between core modes and surface plasmon polaron modes (SPPMs). Simulation results showed that two SPPMs with opposite thermo-optic respond effects were excited at two separate wavelength bands due to their different dispersion characteristics. Temperature measurement sensitivities of −3.976 nm °C−1 and 1.071 nm °C−1 were obtained for the two SPPMs, while the sensitivity reached −5.047 nm °C−1 when detected the wavelength interval between the two SPPMs loss peaks. The two separate loss peaks could also be utilized in self-verification. The designed temperature sensor based on HC-NCF and SPR depicts high sensitivity and self-verification, which could be utilized for high precision and stable temperature monitoring.