bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly‐metastatic colorectal cancer cell released miR‐181a‐5p‐rich extracellular vesicles promote liver metastasis by activating hepatic stellate cells and remodelling the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Zhao Senlin , Mi Yushuai , Zheng Binbin , Wei Ping , Gu Yanzi , Zhang Zhengxiang , Xu Ye , Cai Sanjun , Li Xinxiang , Li Dawei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLiver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRLM) is the most common cause of CRC‐related mortality, and is typically caused by interactions between CRC cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME) in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between tumour‐derived extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs and the TME in CRLM have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that highly metastatic CRC cells released more miR‐181a‐5p‐rich EVs than cells which exhibit a low metastatic potential, in‐turn promoting CRLM. Additionally, we verified that FUS mediated packaging of miR‐181a‐5p into CRC EVs, which in‐turn persistently activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by targeting SOCS3 and activating the IL6/STAT3 signalling pathway. Activated HSCs could secrete the chemokine CCL20 and further activate a CCL20/CCR6/ERK1/2/Elk‐1/miR‐181a‐5p positive feedback loop, resulting in reprogramming of the TME and the formation of pre‐metastatic niches in CRLM. Clinically, high levels of serum EV containing miR‐181a‐5p was positively correlated with liver metastasis in CRC patients. Taken together, highly metastatic CRC cells‐derived EVs rich in miR‐181a‐5p could activate HSCs and remodel the TME, thereby facilitating liver metastasis in CRC patients. These results provide novel insight into the mechanism underlying liver metastasis in CRC.
Changing patterns of son preference and fertility in Pakistan
Authors: Javed Rashid , Mughal Mazhar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing data from two representative Demographic and Health Surveys, we examine the change in son preference over the past three decades and its effects on Pakistani women's fertility. We analyse a number of indicators and employ different empirical methods to come up with strong and persistent evidence for both the revealed and stated preference for sons. This disproportionate preference for boys is visible in increasing desired sex ratio and worsening sex ratio at last birth. Reliance over differential birth stopping has significantly increased over time as couples are more likely to stop childbearing once the desired number of boys is achieved.
Immune modulatory effects of progesterone on oxLDL-induced trained immunity in monocytes
Authors: Groh Laszlo A , Verel Dagmar E , van der Heijden Charlotte D C C , Matzaraki Vasiliki , Moorlag Simone J C F M , de Bree L Charlotte , Koeken Valerie A C M , Mourits Vera P , Keating Samuel T , van Puffelen Jelmer H , Joosten Leo A B , Netea Mihai G , Riksen Niels P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death in the world. Monocyte-derived macrophages are key players in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Innate immune memory following exposure of monocytes to atherogenic compounds, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), termed trained immunity, can contribute to atherogenesis. The current study aimed to elucidate intracellular mechanisms of oxLDL-induced trained immunity. Using untargeted intracellular metabolomics in isolated human primary monocytes, we show that oxLDL-induced trained immunity results in alterations in the balance of intracellular steroid hormones in monocytes. This was reflected by a decrease in extracellular progesterone concentrations following LPS stimulation. To understand the potential effects of steroid hormones on trained immunity, monocytes were costimulated with oxLDL and the steroid hormones progesterone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, β-estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone. Progesterone showed a unique ability to attenuate the enhanced TNFα and IL-6 production following oxLDL-induced trained immunity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear glucocorticoid, progesterone, and mineralocorticoid receptor were shown to correlate with ex vivo oxLDL-induced trained immunity in 243 healthy volunteers. Pharmacologic inhibition experiments revealed that progesterone exerts the suppression of TNFα in trained immunity via the nuclear glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Our data show that progesterone has a unique ability to suppress oxLDL-induced trained immunity. We hypothesize that this effect might contribute to the lower incidence of CVD in premenopausal women.
Anterior acetabular coverage and femoral head–neck measurements predict postoperative anterior impingement: A simulation study
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Hashimoto Shingo , Kuroda Yuichi , Nakano Naoki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this simulation study was to evaluate the relationship of elements of anterior acetabular coverage and femoral head–neck shape with the occurrence of postoperative anterior impingement after curved periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Sixty‐two patients with symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip who had undergone curved PAO were selected. The likelihood of developing postoperative anterior impingement was explored through simulations of the range of motion by collision detection of the pelvis and femur. Postoperative anterior impingement was defined as impingement that occurred during postoperative bone flexion <105° or postoperative internal rotation <20° at 90° flexion. The three‐dimensional center‐edge (CE) angles, acetabular and femoral versions, radiographic alpha angles of the femoral head, combination angles of anterior CE and alpha angles, and combined anteversions of acetabular and femoral versions were compared between patients with postoperative anterior impingement and nonimpingement. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine thresholds of the examined radiographic parameters and calculate their accuracy for predicting postoperative anterior impingement. A multivariate analysis was performed to test whether combined anteversion, anterior CE angle, and combination angle are associated with excellent modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHSs). ROC analysis demonstrated a combination angle ≥108° was predictive of the occurrence of postoperative anterior impingement after curved PAO, which can lead to impaired clinical outcomes. Conversely, a combination angle <108° was significantly associated with mHHS ≥ 90 points. To avoid postoperative anterior impingement, osteochondroplasty of the femoral head or anterior CE angle control should be performed for patients with preoperative combination angles ≥90°.
Safety and feasibility of early oral nutrition after endoscopic treatment for patients with liver cirrhosis: A historical prospective and comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Wang Renren , Huang Xiaoli , Zhou Tao , Li Yueyue , Ding Mengmeng , Xu Huawei , Gao Yanjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early oral nutrition (EON) after endoscopic treatment compared with parenteral nutrition (PN) for patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding varices as cirrhotic complications.MethodsThis historical prospective study enrolled patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China with gastroesophageal varices as cirrhotic complications and who were undergoing endoscopic therapy. A total of 197 patients who fasted for 4 h after treatment were prospectively enrolled as the ON group, whereas those who fasted >48 h were retrospectively matched in a ratio of 1:1 as the PN group. The primary end point was variceal rebleeding, whereas the secondary end points were mortality and adverse events during the 42‐day follow‐up. Hospitalization duration and expenses, levels of inflammatory factors, defecation time, and the satisfaction of patients were evaluated.ResultsDuring the 42‐day follow‐up, no significant difference was observed in the rate of variceal rebleeding (P = 0.586) and morality (P = 1.000) between the ON and PN groups. However, the average days of hospitalization (P < 0.001) and expenses (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the ON group. Furthermore, the serum C‐reactive protein level (P = 0.002) and defecation time (P < 0.001) were lower and the satisfaction rate was higher (P < 0.001) for those in the ON group than for those in the PN group. Linear regression analysis showed that the tissue adhesive dosage was related to diet time (P = 0.038; 95% CI, 0.135–4.516).ConclusionEON was proven to be safe and feasible and, hence, was recommended after endoscopic treatment in patients with cirrhosis.
Malnutrition identification and management variability: An administrative database study of children with solid tumors
Authors: Runco Daniel V. , Stanek Joseph R. , Yeager Nicholas D. , Belsky Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition during cancer treatment increases treatment‐related morbidity and mortality. Our study better characterizes variability in malnutrition identification and treatment by examining nutrition‐related diagnoses and support for children with central nervous system (CNS) and non‐CNS solid tumors during therapy. We examined diagnosis of malnutrition, use of tube feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN), and appetite stimulants.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 0 to 21‐year‐old patients in the Pediatric Health Information System from 2015 to 2019. Patients were classified as having (1) billed malnutrition diagnosis, (2) malnutrition diagnosis or using PN and enteral nutrition (“functional malnutrition”), and (3) any previous criteria or prescribed appetite stimulants (“possible malnutrition”), as well as associated risk factors.ResultsAmong 13,375 unique patients, CNS tumors were most common (24.4%). Overall, 26.5% of patients had malnutrition diagnoses, 45.4% met functional malnutrition criteria, and 56.0% had possible malnutrition. Patients with adrenal tumors had highest billed, functional, and possible malnutrition (36.6%, 64.1%, and 69.4%, respectively) followed by CNS tumors (29.1%, 52.4%, and 64.1%). Patients with adrenal tumors had highest rates of PN use (47.4%) and those with CNS tumors had the highest tube feeding use (26.8%). Hospital admissions with malnutrition had a longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (6 vs 3 days, P < 0.0001), more emergency department admissions (24.4% vs 21.8%, P < 0.0001), and more opioid use (58.6% vs 41.4%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsVariability in malnutrition diagnoses hinders clinical care and nutrition research in pediatric oncology. Improving disease‐specific recognition and treatment of malnutrition can target nutrition support, ensure appropriate reimbursement, and potentially improve outcomes for children with solid tumors.
Validation of a modified Caprini risk assessment model in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery: Results of a multicenter cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Ke Lihui , Cui Songping , Yang Mei , Chen Jun , Xu Shun , Jiang Gening , Zhang Yi , Chen Shuo , Zheng E , Zhao Honglin , Fan Xiaoxi , Li Yuping , Zhi Xiuyi , Hu Bin , Li Hui ,   The China Embolism‐Thrombosis After Surgery of Thorax (ChEST) Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLung cancer patients slated for surgery are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Precise risk assessment is necessary for providing proper thromboprophylaxis and reducing morbidity and mortality of VTE.MethodsA multicenter, observational, cross‐sectional cohort study, involving patients with primary lung cancer undergoing surgery, was carried out from August 2016 to December 2019. All patients were assessed according to the Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) and a modified scoring system incorporating elevated D‐dimer and new stratification of surgical time. The endpoint was confirmed VTE or patient discharge.ResultsOut of 1205 patients, 87 (7.2%) were diagnosed with VTE. The area under the curve of modified scores for VTE was 0.759, which was larger than that of the original one (0.589) (p < 0.05). By modified Caprini scoring system, a higher score was associated with increased VTE risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.345; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.197–1.512; p < 0.001), and there was an increased OR of 4.090 (95% CI, 2.472–6.768, p < 0.001) for VTE in high‐risk category patients.ConclusionModified Caprini RAM showed an improved prediction of high‐risk patients with an elevated likelihood of postoperative VTE compared to the original one.
Portal Vein Gas in Neonates: Predicting Clinical Treatment Outcomes From Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Lim Yun‐Jung , Jung Hyun Kyung 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo identify sonographic findings that predict clinical outcomes in neonates with portal vein gas.MethodsThis retrospective study included neonates with portal vein gas detected using ultrasound (US). The US images were reviewed by a pediatric radiologist. US findings included the extent and amount of portal vein gas, mesenteric vein gas, intramural gas, bowel wall thickening or thinning, focal discontinuity of the bowel wall, ascites, free intra‐abdominal gas, pseudocyst, gas in the other solid organs, and bowel distension. The imaging findings and demographic factors between survivors and non‐survivors were statistically compared.ResultsThe mortality rate was 26% (39 survivors, 14 non‐survivors) when iatrogenic and idiopathic causes were excluded. The causes of portal vein gas were determined to be necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 33), bowel distension or obstruction (n = 12), fetal hydrops (n = 4), pneumothorax (n = 3), immediate postoperative state for bowel perforation (n = 1), and umbilical vein catheterization (n = 9) based on surgical findings (n = 20) and clinical information (n = 46). Gas within the mesenteric vein and the other solid organs, gestational age, and birth weight were significantly different between survivors and those who succumbed (P < .05).ConclusionGas within the mesenteric vein and other solid organs is a US finding that may predict poor outcomes in neonates with portal vein gas.
Second‐Harmonic Generation in Etchless Lithium Niobate Nanophotonic Waveguides with Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Ye Fan , Yu Yue , Xi Xiang , Sun Xiankai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) have been extensively studied in various systems since they are first proposed in quantum mechanics. Photonic BICs can enable optical mode confinement and provide field enhancement for nonlinear optics, but they have rarely been explored in nonlinear integrated photonic waveguides. Applying BICs in photonic integrated circuits enables low‐loss light guidance and routing in low‐refractive‐index waveguides on high‐refractive‐index substrates, which is suitable for integrated photonics with nonlinear materials. Here, second‐harmonic generation from telecom to near‐visible wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated on an etchless lithium niobate platform by using a photonic BIC for the second‐harmonic mode. The devices feature second‐harmonic conversion efficiency of 0.175% W−1 cm−2 and excellent thermal stability with a wavelength shift of only 1.7 nm from 25 to 100 °C. These results represent a new paradigm of nonlinear integrated photonics on a cost‐effective and convenient platform, which can enable a broad range of on‐chip applications such as optical parametric generation, signal processing, and quantum photonics.
Smart Shape Memory Polyurethane with Photochromism and Mechanochromism Properties
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , He Yang , Leng Jinsong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe combination of shape memory effects and multi‐functionalities in smart materials is becoming one of the hottest research directions in the field of actuators and robotics. In this study, N‐hydroxyethyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐6‐nitroindoline spiropyran (SP) is chemically grafted into a polyurethane matrix to prepare ultraviolet light‐actuated shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane, which first integrates three unique properties including shape memory, photochromism, and mechanochromism. The FTIR, WAXD, SAXS, DSC, TGA, and shape memory tests reveal that the shape memory transformation temperature of 4.6 wt% SP‐based shape memory polyurethane is 41.2 °C, and it has the highest shape memory performance, as indicated by shape fixation and shape recovery ratios of 97.4% and 93.7%, respectively. Furthermore, “bionic fingers” with diversely selective actuation properties are fabricated, which exhibit a series of programmable multi‐segment motions to meet potential applications in the field of soft actuators.
mTOR Inhibition with Sirolimus in Multiple System Atrophy: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Futility Trial and 1‐Year Biomarker Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Palma Jose‐Alberto , Martinez Jose , Millar Vernetti Patricio , Ma Thong , Perez Miguel A. , Zhong Judy , Qian Yingzhi , Dutta Suman , Maina Katherine N. , Siddique Ibrar , Bitan Gal , Ades‐Aron Benjamin , Shepherd Timothy M. , Kang Un J. , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of α‐synuclein in glia and neurons. Sirolimus (rapamycin) is an mTOR inhibitor that promotes α‐synuclein autophagy and reduces its associated neurotoxicity in preclinical models.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in patients with MSA using a futility design. We also analyzed 1‐year biomarker trajectories in the trial participants.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled clinical trial at the New York University of patients with probable MSA randomly assigned (3:1) to sirolimus (2–6 mg daily) for 48 weeks or placebo. Primary endpoint was change in the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) total score from baseline to 48 weeks. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03589976).ResultsThe trial was stopped after a pre‐planned interim analysis met futility criteria. Between August 15, 2018 and November 15, 2020, 54 participants were screened, and 47 enrolled and randomly assigned (35 sirolimus, 12 placebo). Of those randomized, 34 were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. There was no difference in change from baseline to week 48 between the sirolimus and placebo in UMSARS total score (mean difference, 2.66; 95% CI, −7.35–6.91; P = 0.648). There was no difference in UMSARS‐1 and UMSARS‐2 scores either. UMSARS scores changes were similar to those reported in natural history studies. Neuroimaging and blood biomarker results were similar in the sirolimus and placebo groups. Adverse events were more frequent with sirolimus. Analysis of 1‐year biomarker trajectories in all participants showed that increases in blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) and reductions in whole brain volume correlated best with UMSARS progression.ConclusionsSirolimus for 48 weeks was futile to slow the progression of MSA and had no effect on biomarkers compared to placebo. One‐year change in blood NfL and whole brain atrophy are promising biomarkers of disease progression for future clinical trials. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Beam properties within the momentum acceptance of a clinical gantry beamline for proton therapy
Authors: Giovannelli Anna Chiara , Maradia Vivek , Meer David , Safai Sairos , Psoroulas Serena , Togno Michele , Bula Christian , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Fattori Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeEnergy changes in pencil beam scanning proton therapy can be a limiting factor in delivery time, hence, limiting patient throughput and the effectiveness of motion mitigation techniques requiring fast irradiation. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of performing fast and continuous energy modulation within the momentum acceptance of a clinical beamline for proton therapy.MethodsThe alternative use of a local beam degrader at the gantry coupling point has been compared with a more common upstream regulation. Focusing on clinically relevant parameters, a complete beam properties characterization has been carried out. In particular, the acquired empirical data allowed to model and parametrize the errors in range and beam current to deliver clinical treatment plans.ResultsFor both options, the local and upstream degrader, depth‐dose curves measured in water for off‐momentum beams were only marginally distorted (γ(1%, 1 mm) > 90%) and the errors in the spot position were within the clinical tolerance, even though increasing at the boundaries of the investigated scan range. The impact on the beam size was limited for the upstream degrader, while dedicated strategies could be required to tackle the beam broadening through the local degrader. Range correction models were investigated for the upstream regulation. The impaired beam transport required a dedicated strategy for fine range control and compensation of beam intensity losses. Our current parameterization based on empirical data allowed energy modulation within acceptance with range errors (median 0.05 mm) and transmission (median –14%) compatible with clinical operation and remarkably low average 27 ms dead time for small energy changes. The technique, tested for the delivery of a skull glioma treatment, resulted in high gamma pass rates at 1%, 1 mm compared to conventional deliveries in experimental measurements with about 45% reduction of the energy switching time when regulation could be performed within acceptance.ConclusionsFast energy modulation within beamline acceptance has potential for clinical applications and, when realized with an upstream degrader, does not require modification in the beamline hardware, therefore, being potentially applicable in any running facility. Centers with slow energy switching time can particularly profit from such a technique for reducing dead time during treatment delivery.
Global, regional, and national burden of cancers attributable to excess body weight in 204 countries and territories, 1990 to 2019
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Karamzad Nahid , Kaufman Jay S. , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Sullman Mark J. M. , Almasi‐Hashiani Amir , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Collins Gary S. , Kolahi Ali‐Asghar , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the level and trends of 13 cancers that are attributable to excess body weight (EBW) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.MethodsUsing publicly available data, the burden of cancers attributable to EBW was reported from 1990 to 2019 based on the comparative risk assessment approach used in the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. [Correction added on 27 January 2022, after first online publication: ‘Using publicly available data,’ has been added before the first sentence and ‘estimated’ was corrected to ‘reported’.]ResultsIn 2019, EBW caused 11.2 million disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs), or 4.4% of all cancer‐related DALYs. Between 1990 and 2019, the global EBW‐attributable age‐standardized cancer DALY rates (per 100,000) increased from 109.9 to 133.9, a relative increase of 21.9%. The age‐standardized DALY rates (per 100,000) of cancers attributable to EBW in 2019 were highest and lowest in Mongolia (611.8) and Bangladesh (30.2), respectively. The 60‐ to 64‐year age group had the highest number of DALYs attributable to EBW, whereas there were no large sex differences in the cancer‐related burden attributable to EBW. Furthermore, the association between the age‐standardized DALY rates and the sociodemographic index was generally positive.ConclusionsOverall, the EBW‐attributable burden of cancers has increased in the past three decades. Public health efforts should focus on identifying appropriate preventive interventions at the population and individual levels, especially in the regions and countries with the highest burden.