bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early evaluation of optic nerve head morphology and choroidal thickness after PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation
Authors: Gambini Gloria , Carlà Matteo Mario , Caporossi Tomaso , Baldascino Antonio , Crincoli Emanuele , De Vico Umberto , Savastano Alfonso , Caporossi Aldo , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate changes in choroidal and optic nerve morphological parameters following MicroShunt PreserFlo implantation. The secondary aim is to investigate how the structural changes relate to the decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods
Prospective observational study on 15 eyes with glaucoma requiring MicroShunt implantation. Optical coherence tomography was used to measure macular choroidal thickness (MCT), peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT), lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), cup depth and prelaminar tissue thickness (PLT), before and one day after surgery. Results were expressed in median and interquartile range (IQR) and correlated with IOP results.

Results
The IOP decreased from a median of 25 (IQR = 11) mmHg to 8 (IQR = 2) mmHg the day after surgery. Median MCT increased after MicroShunt implantation from 252.1 (IQR = 156.4) µm to a postoperative value of 318.1 (IQR = 166.6) µm (p < 0.001), with a median increase of + 87.7 µm (+ 26.4%). PCT increased from 157.2 (IQR = 109.1) µm before surgery to 206.0 (IQR = 136.1) µm after surgery (p < 0.001). Moreover, we found a significant post-operative decrease in cup depth (median reduction of − 29.3 µm, p < 0.001) and an increase in PLT (median increase of 27.3 µm, p = 0.028). On the other side, LCD reduction 24 h after surgery didn’t reach any statistical significance.

Conclusion
PreserFlo implantation determines retinal structural changes which appear similar to those caused by traditional filtering surgery, confirming the effectiveness of this device, meantime carrying a much smaller complications rate when compared to trabeculectomy.
Does PGT-A improve assisted reproduction treatment success rates: what can the UK Register data tell us?
Authors: Roberts Stephen A. , Wilkinson Jack , Vail Andy , Brison Daniel R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To show how naïve analyses of aggregated UK ART Register data held by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to estimate the effects of PGT-A can be severely misleading and to indicate how it may be possible to do a more credible analysis. Given the limitations of the Register, we consider the extent to which such an analysis has the potential to answer questions about the real-world effectiveness of PGT-A.

Methods
We utilise the publicly available Register datasets and construct logistic regression models for live birth events (LBE) which adjust for confounding. We compare all PGT-A cycles to control groups of cycles that could have had PGT-A, excluding cycles that did not progress to having embryos for biopsy.

Results
The primary model gives an odds ratio for LBE of 0.82 (95% CI 0.68–1.00) suggesting PGT-A may be detrimental rather than beneficial. However, due to limitations in the availability of important variables in the public dataset, this cannot be considered a definitive estimate. We outline the steps required to enable a credible analysis of the Register data.

Conclusion
If we compare like with like groups, we obtain estimates of the effect of PGT-A that suggest an overall modest reduction in treatment success rates. These are in direct contrast to an invalid comparison of crude success rates. A detailed analysis of a fuller dataset is warranted, but it remains to be demonstrated whether the UK Register data can provide useful estimates of the impact of PGT-A when used as a treatment add-on.
Unexpressed Wishes and Unmet Needs: a Mixed Methods Study of Youth Negative Experiences in Psychotherapy
Authors: Watson Priya N. , Leroux Elisabeth , Chowdhury Mushfika , Mehra Kamna , Henderson Joanna , Szatmari Peter , Hawke Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnlike best practice guidelines for detecting and addressing medication side effects, there are no widely adopted guidelines to help therapists identify and address the possible negative effects of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is a first-line evidence-based intervention for youth depression and anxiety, but the literature contains few studies of psychotherapy’s potential negative effects, and even fewer direct youth reports of their negative psychotherapy experiences. A mixed-methods study design was used to study youth with self-reported depression and/or anxiety and measure negative experiences associated with psychotherapy treatment. Youth were recruited from a larger study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 45 youth with psychotherapy experience. Study design was informed by feedback from youth with lived experience of mental health challenges. Youth completed standardized measures of psychopathology, treatment effects, and detailed qualitative interviews. All youth experienced at least one negative effect during psychotherapy, and 30 youth (66.7%) attributed a negative effect as ‘caused’ by psychotherapy. While this attribution did not significantly differ based on severity of underlying current psychopathology, effect size estimates suggest moderate to large group differences regarding internalizing issues and baseline coping skills. Four major qualitative themes were identified from the interviews, summarizing the negative experiences of psychotherapy: (1) Barriers Experienced in Psychotherapy; (2) Concerns about Therapist; (3) Concerns about Therapy Itself; (4) Negative Experiences as a part of the Therapeutic Process. No youth raised any of these concerns directly with their therapists. These data support the need for validated, systematic assessment of psychotherapy’s negative effects among youth, with the aim of improving engagement and treatment outcomes.
Investigating the reliability of metapodials as taxonomic Indicators for Beringian horses
Authors: Landry Zoe , Roloson Mathew J. , Fraser Danielle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe metapodials of extinct horses have long been regarded as one of the most useful skeletal elements to determine taxonomic identity. However, recent research on both extant and extinct horses has revealed the possibility for plasticity in metapodial morphology, leading to notable variability within taxa. This calls into question the reliability of metapodials in species identification, particularly for species identified from fragmentary remains. Here, we use ten measurements of metapodials from 203 specimens of four Pleistocene horse species from eastern Beringia to test whether there are significant differences in metapodial morphology that support the presence of multiple species. We then reconstruct the body masses for every specimen to assess the range in body size within each species and determine whether species differ significantly from one another in mean body mass. We find that that taxonomic groups are based largely on the overall size of the metapodial, and that all metapodial measurements are highly autocorrelated. We also find that mean body mass differs significantly among most, but not all, species. We suggest that metapodial measurements are unreliable taxonomic indicators for Beringian horses given evidence for plasticity in metapodial morphology and their clear reflection of differences in body mass. We recommend future studies use more reliable indicators of taxonomy to identify Beringian horse species, particularly from localities from which fossils of several species have been recovered.
Two-sided Bogoliubov inequality to estimate finite size effects in quantum molecular simulations
Authors: Reible Benedikt , Hartmann Carsten , Delle Site Luigi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe generalise the two-sided Bogoliubov inequality for classical particles (Delle Site et al. in J Stat Mech Theory Exp 083201, 2017 to systems of quantum particles. As in the classical set-up, the inequality leads to upper and lower bounds for the free energy difference associated with the partitioning of a large system into smaller, independent subsystems. From a thermodynamic modelling point of view, the free energy difference determines the finite size correction needed to consistently treat a small system as a representation of a large system. Applications of the bounds to quantify finite size effects are ubiquitous in physics, chemistry, material science, or biology, to name just a few; in particular, it is relevant for molecular dynamics simulations in which a small portion of a system is usually taken as representative of the idealized large system.
Unusual “Asian-origin” 2c to 2b point mutant canine parvovirus (Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (Astroviridae) co-infection detected in vaccinated dogs with an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis with high mortality rate in Hungary
Authors: Boros Ákos , Albert Mihály , Urbán Péter , Herczeg Róbert , Gáspár Gábor , Balázs Benigna , Cságola Attila , Pankovics Péter , Gyenesei Attila , Reuter Gábor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the aetiological background of an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) in a colony of purebred Jack Russell Terriers vaccinated against CPV-2 in Hungary was investigated. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV, Astroviridae) co-infection was identified by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (VM-NGS) methods from a rectal swab of an affected 7-week-old puppy. The complete coding sequence of CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN (ON733252) and the complete genome of CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN (ON733251) were determined by VM-NGS and PCR methods. Results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN was different from the applied vaccine strains and previously identified strains from Hungary but showed high sequence identity (> 99.8%) and close phylogenetic relationship to recently described “Asian-origin” CPV-2c strains from Italy. But, based on the single amino acid difference on position 426 of VP2 (Glu/Asp) between the study strain and the closest relatives, FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN belonged to the 2b antigenic type rather than 2c. The CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN showed close relationship with a CaAstV strain identified previously from a diarrhoeic dog in Hungary. Both viruses were continuously detectable by PCR in additional enteric samples, and the CPV-2 could also be detected in several (n = 32) tissue samples from 9 affected deceased puppies. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm the role of the point mutation causing the change in the antigenic type of this “Asian-origin” CPV-2 and/or the role of CaAstV co-infection in the development and/or severity of (haemorrhagic) gastroenteritis among dogs vaccinated against CPV-2.
Schooling upheaval during COVID-19: troubling consequences for students’ return to school
Authors: Fray Leanne , Jaremus Felicia , Gore Jennifer , Harris Jess 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEfforts to contain the COVID-19 virus resulted in various stay-at-home orders and school closures around the globe, causing unprecedented disruption to the lives of children and generating grave concern for their well-being. This study draws on phone interviews with 12 teachers and 6 school leaders from 13 government schools in New South Wales, Australia, to provide insight into how students fared on their return to school after the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020. The interviews highlighted negative consequences for many students including increased stress and anxiety and decreased engagement. This evidence suggests that even a comparatively short period of school closure can drive troubling changes in students’ well-being and behaviour following their return to school. Given far more challenging conditions arising from the pandemic, both elsewhere in Australia and globally, we argue that attending to student well-being is as important as ensuring academic achievement and must be a key focus of policy makers and education systems moving forward.
The global integrative network: integration of signaling and metabolic pathways
Authors: Lin Yuying , Yan Shen , Chang Xiao , Qi Xiaoquan , Chi Xu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The crosstalk between signaling and metabolic pathways has been known to play key roles in human diseases and plant biological processes. The integration of signaling and metabolic pathways can provide an essential reference framework for crosstalk analysis. However, current databases use distinct structures to present signaling and metabolic pathways, which leads to the chaos in the integrated networks. Moreover, for the metabolic pathways, the metabolic enzymes and the reactions are disconnected by the current widely accepted layout of edges and nodes, which hinders the topological analysis of the integrated networks. Here, we propose a novel “meta-pathway” structure, which uses the uniformed structure to display the signaling and metabolic pathways, and resolves the difficulty in linking the metabolic enzymes to the reactions topologically. We compiled a comprehensive collection of global integrative networks (GINs) by merging the meta-pathways of 7077 species. We demonstrated the assembly of the signaling and metabolic pathways using the GINs of four species—human, mouse, Arabidopsis, and rice. Almost all of the nodes were assembled into one major network for each of the four species, which provided opportunities for robust crosstalk and topological analysis, and knowledge graph construction.
Computing growth rates of random matrix products via generating functions
Authors: Bao Naranmandula , Lu Junbiao , Cai Ruobing , Lan Yueheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRandom matrix products arise in many science and engineering problems. An efficient evaluation of its growth rate is of great interest to researchers in diverse fields. In the current paper, we reformulate this problem with a generating function approach, based on which two analytic methods are proposed to compute the growth rate. The new formalism is demonstrated in a series of examples including an Ising model subject to on-site random magnetic fields, which seems very efficient and easy to implement. Through an extensive comparison with numerical computation, we see that the analytic results are valid in a region of considerable size.The formulation could be conveniently applied to stochastic processes with more complex structures.
Early versus late intubation on the outcome of intensive care unit-admitted COVID-19 patients at Addis Ababa COVID-19 treatment centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Birhanu Tsehay , Gemeda Leulayehu Akalu , Fekede Mulualem Sitot , Hirbo Hirbo Samuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in severe acute respiratory failure, requiring intubation and an invasive mechanical ventilation. However, the time for initiation of intubation remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to compare early and late intubation on the outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of selected Addis Ababa COVID-19 treatment centers, Ethiopia.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on 94 early and late intubated ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, in three selected COVID-19 treatment centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. An independent t-test, Mann Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate. A P value < 0.05 was used to declare a statistical significance.

Results
A total of 94 patients participated, for a response rate of 94.68%. There was a statistically insignificant difference in the rates of death between the early intubated (47.2%) and the late intubated (46.1%) groups (P = 0.678). There was no difference in the median length of stay on a mechanical ventilator (in days) between the groups (P = 0.11). However, the maximum length of stay in the ICU to discharge was significantly shorter in the early intubated (33.1 days) than late intubated groups (63.79 days) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Outcomes (death or survival) were similar whether early or late intubation was used. Early intubation did appear to improve length of ICU stay in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients.

Highlights
Decentering European History from the Margins
Authors: Werner Michael , Deller Joanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article considers the global historiography of Europe from two angles. First it outlines the difficulties, both historical and epistemological, that Europe poses as an object of study, especially after the historiographical transformations prompted by the events of 1989, the rise of postcolonial studies, the growing critique of Eurocentrism, and, most recently, the “global turn.” The conceptions of Europe that emerge from these currents have often been based on a rather homogenized vision of the continent, centered on the great nation-states of western Europe and their imperial policies. They also perpetuate, even as they criticize it, the legacy of a conception of modernity that positions Europe as both its historical center and the agent of its expansion on a global scale. The second part of the paper proposes to limit the blind spots inherent in this kind of vision by shifting our gaze to the eastern and Balkan margins of Europe, where the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian empires intersected over the “long” nineteenth century. This change of perspective displaces the history of Europe’s connection to modernity, revealing the great diversity of local actors, the importance of multicultural and pluriethnic societies, and the particular role of transnational populations such as Jews, who, while negotiating their own relationship to a European modernity, escaped the grip of national movements.
Timing of energy intake and BMI in children: differential impacts by age and sex
Authors: Mahdi Sundus , Dickerson Andrew , Infield Solar Gisele , Caton Samantha J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBody weight regulation may be influenced by the timing of food intake. The relationship between children’s BMI and their daily pattern of energy consumption was investigated using data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2019. The sample included 6281 children aged 4–18 years. Linear and logistic regression models investigated the timing of energy intake (103kJ) as a predictor of BMI (kg/m2) and healthy weight status. The models showed that children aged 4–10 years who consume more energy content after 20:00, in comparison with less energy content, had a significantly higher BMI (young girls:β= 0·159; 95 % CI 0·003, 0·315;P= 0·05; young boys:β= 0·166; 95 % CI 0·028, 0·304;P= 0·02). Similar findings were also present for boys aged 11–18 years (β= 0·091; 95 % CI 0·003, 0·180;P= 0·04), though logistic regression findings were contradictory (OR = 0·9566; 95 % CI 0·926, 0·989;P =0·009). However, older girls who consumed more energy content in the morning had a significantly lower BMI (β =–0·464; 95 % CI –0·655, –0·273;P< 0·001) and a lower probability of non-healthy weight (OR = 0·901; 95 % CI 0·826, 0·982;P= 0·02). Physical activity reduced the likelihood of unhealthy weight status. The data suggest that food consumption later in the day in childhood and into adolescence may increase the risk of a higher BMI, especially for less active children. Developing guidance on appropriate meal timings and recommended energy distribution throughout the day could promote healthier lifestyles. Doing so may help increase parental awareness of timing of food intake and its potential impact on BMI.
A before−after assessment of the response of mammals to tourism in a Brazilian national park
Authors: Barcelos Daniele , Vieira Emerson M. , Pinheiro Marcell Soares , Ferreira Guilherme Braga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWorldwide, nature-based tourism is becoming more popular and important economically. However, there is still debate regarding its impact on wildlife in protected areas. We conducted a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effects of tourism on the mammal community of Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park, a priority area for conservation in Brazil. We used camera traps to survey tourist and non-tourist trails during 2011–2017, encompassing periods before and after tourism started in the Park. We used four metrics for assessment: species richness, probability of using trails, activity levels and daily activity patterns. After tourism began in the Park there was no significant change in species richness and the probability of using tourist trails either increased or remained stable for five of the six species assessed. The rock cavyKerodon rupestriswas the only species to be displaced from tourist areas and to show reduced overall activity on tourist trails after tourism began. The ocelotLeopardus pardalisshowed reduced diurnal activity on tourist trails, an indication of temporal adjustment. Overall, our results show that the initial years of visitation at the Park had limited negative impacts on the target mammal species, supporting the possibility of accommodating tourism activity and effective conservation of wildlife in the region. However, it is essential to continue monitoring in the Park because of the expected growth in tourism and potential time lags in responses of species.
Thin Current Sheet Formation and Reconnection at X ∼ −10 RE During the Main Phase of a Magnetic Storm
Authors: Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. , Weygand J. M. , Artemyev A. V. , Beyene F. , Sergeev V. , Kubyshkina M. , Henderson M. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main question addressed in this study is whether particles with relativistic energy can be injected directly into the inner magnetosphere by very near‐Earth reconnection during magnetic storms. We study a sequence of events observed in the solar wind, in the magnetotail, at geosynchronous orbit (GEO), in the inner magnetosphere, and in the ionosphere during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm on 16 June 2012–17 June 2012. The storm was caused by a magnetic cloud with a high dynamic pressure and a strong southward IMF lasting about 10 hr. These conditions caused an extreme compression of the magnetosphere (SymH reached ∼150 nT) and an enhancement of the lobe magnetic field strength to ∼90 nT at R ∼ 10 Earth radii (RE). We focus on an hour‐long interval between 1050 and 1150 UT on 17 June 2012 when the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites were at apogee at geocentric distances R ≈ 12 RE near midnight. At that time a thin current sheet formed between cis‐GEO distances and THEMIS. This thin current sheet reconnected between GEO and THEMIS. A strong lobe magnetic field enabled ion and electron energization to energies E ≈ 600 keV. Fluxes of high energy (up to relativistic) particles at GEO increased within ≈20 s after reconnection onset detected by THEMIS. Fluxes of relativistic electrons at L ∼ 4 in the morning sector increased within about 600 s after reconnection onset. We interpret these observations as signatures of direct injection of reconnected particles into the inner magnetosphere.