bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Roughness Variation Across Polar Ice Deposit Boundaries on Mercury
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Colaprete Anthony , Heldmann Jennifer L. , Elphic Richard C. , Cannon Kevin M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyze the surface roughness of five north polar craters on Mercury using 125 m/pixel Mercury Laser Altimeter data. Each crater hosts a polar deposit (PD) with a low‐reflectance surface. The PDs have distinct geologic contacts, enabling an analysis of roughness across deposit boundaries onto ice‐free portions of the host craters' floors. The low‐reflectance surfaces in Angelou, Despréz, and Ensor collocate with radar‐bright signatures consistent with the presence of several‐meters‐thick water‐ice deposits beneath their low‐reflectance surfaces. Subdued roughness in these three craters is consistent with the superposition of several meters of ice. The difference between roughness on and off their low‐reflectance surfaces is within one standard deviation (SD) of the results, but is found to be statistically significant, as indicated by K‐S and Mann‐U Whitney tests, and meaningful, as indicated by Cohen's d tests. There is no meaningful difference in Jiménez and Josetsu, two craters that lack strong radar‐bright signatures, consistent with the hypothesis that they do not host substantial water ice beneath their low‐reflectance surfaces and thus not all of Mercury's available cold traps are occupied by water ice. Analyzing the roughness of polar craters may provide insight into the presence/absence of thick volatile deposits, but higher‐resolution topography would be helpful given the high SD associated with roughness. Finally, we identify subdued roughness along three PDs that may be related to thick lag deposit margins or enhanced diffusive mixing along deposit edges. Roughness may provide new insight into surface characteristics of the ices and inform surface evolution models.
Evidence for Amorphous Sulfates as the Main Carrier of Soil Hydration in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: David G. , Dehouck E. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Rapin W. , Cousin A. , Forni O. , Gasnault O. , Lasue J. , Mangold N. , Beck P. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. , Berger G. , Fabre S. , Pinet P. , Clark B. C. , Smith J. R. , Lanza N. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the genesis of Martian soils is important to constrain the hydrogeologic history of the planet. Soils have the potential to record paleoenvironmental conditions, through the nature of secondary minerals formed during weathering. In situ X‐ray diffraction analyses in Gale crater have revealed that about one third of each soil sample is composed of amorphous materials containing hydrated phases. Here, we use the geochemical data from the ChemCam instrument to investigate the nature and origin of the hydrated amorphous phases. We report for the first time with ChemCam clues for the presence of sulfates within the amorphous component of soils. We show that sulfates are the main carrier of the soil hydration and possibly explain the nature of hydrogen and sulfur measured from orbit. These sulfates and the apparent lack of significant Al‐bearing weathering products are consistent with a model of soil formation including weathering of olivine in water‐limited acidic conditions.
Enhanced Role of Convection in Future Hourly Rainfall Extremes Over South Korea
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Min Seung‐Ki , Park In‐Hong , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Chang Eun‐Chul , Byun Young‐Hwa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA convection‐permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) with 2.5 km resolution has been simulated over South Korea for current and future conditions, and the role of convection in the scaling of hourly extreme precipitation (EP) with temperature is examined. It is found that the CPRCM can reproduce the observed super Clausius‐Clapeyron (C‐C) scaling for hourly EP. Precipitation type estimated based on the convective available potential energy reveals the important role of convection in the super C‐C scaling. Fraction of convective rainfall events increases rapidly with temperature, and the contribution of convection becomes dominant in future simulations under high‐emission scenarios. In the late 21st century, as temperature ranges shift to warmer conditions, unprecedented hourly extreme rainfall events are projected to occur particularly during the late summer season. Future changes in hourly extreme events are found to be affected much by boundary conditions from different global climate models.
Sediment Pickup Rate in Bare and Vegetated Channels
Authors: Xu Yuan , Li Danxun , Nepf Heidi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of vegetation on flow and sediment transport is essential to wetland protection and restoration projects. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the sediment pickup (or entrainment) over bare and vegetated beds with model vegetation (i.e., cylinder arrays) of different solid volume fractions, , and diameters, . For the vegetated beds, measured pickup rate was closely correlated with turbulent kinetic energy, , and ‐based model developed for bare channels significantly underestimated the pickup rate measured in vegetated channels. Building on previous theoretical analyses and observations, this study proposed two ‐based predictions for pickup rate that include the impact of both bed‐ and vegetation‐generated turbulence. The new models improve the prediction of pickup rate within vegetated regions.
The Relationship Between Nitrate and Potential Density in the Ocean South of 30°S
Authors: Xu Dan , Wang Tao , Xing Xiaogang , Bian Changwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a main source of nitrate for the pycnocline in the global ocean, the ocean south of 30°S plays a pivotal role in the global marine biogeochemical cycle. Nitrate in the pycnocline often shows a more stable relationship with density than with depth. Hence, it is important to understand the nitrate structure and its relationship with density in the ocean south of 30°S. In the present study, the nitrate‐density relationship and the mechanisms for its variability are studied based on the data from more than 60,000 profiles. Through analysis, we find that nitrate is approximately linearly correlated with potential density in the nitracline, except for the western boundary current zones. The upper bounds of the nitracline depend on the mixed layer and euphotic layer depth. The lower bounds are related to the depth of maximum nitrate, which mainly vary meridionally with sharp changes near the Subantarctic Front. The diapycnal gradients of nitrate also show meridional variability, with large magnitudes corresponding to thick Subantarctic Mode Water, low diapycnal mixing in the nitracline, and high biological uptake in the euphotic layer. The nitrate‐density relationship can be applied to predict nitrate concentrations based on the observed temperature and salinity profiles and support some detailed studies on the physical‐biogeochemical interactions. Two examples show that the predicted nitrate data could help better resolve the effects of ocean circulations and mesoscale eddies on nitrate than the existing observed nitrate profiles.
A Mars 2020 Perseverance SuperCam Perspective on the Igneous Nature of the Máaz Formation at Jezero Crater and Link With Séítah, Mars
Authors: Udry A. , Ostwald A. , Sautter V. , Cousin A. , Beyssac O. , Forni O. , Dromart G. , Benzerara K. , Nachon M. , Horgan B. , Mandon L. , Clavé E. , Dehouck E. , Gibbons E. , Alwmark S. , Ravanis E. , Wiens R. C. , Legett C. , Anderson R. , Pilleri P. , Mangold N. , Schmidt M. , Liu Y. , Núñez J. I. , Castro K. , Madariaga J. M. , Kizovski T. , Beck P. , Bernard S. , Bosak T. , Brown A. , Clegg S. , Cloutis E. , Cohen B. , Connell S. , Crumpler L. , Debaille V. , Flannery D. , Fouchet T. , Gabriel T. S. J. , Gasnault O. , Herd C. D. K. , Johnson J. , Manrique J. A. , Maurice S. , McCubbin F. M. , McLennan S. , Ollila A. , Pinet P. , Quantin‐Nataf C. , Royer C. , Sharma S. , Simon J. I. , Steele A. , Tosca N. , Treiman A. ,   the SuperCam team
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Máaz formation consists of the first lithologies in Jezero crater analyzed by the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. This formation, investigated from Sols (Martian days) 1 to 201 and from Sols 343 to 382, overlies the Séítah formation (previously described as an olivine‐rich cumulate) and was initially suggested to represent an igneous crater floor unit based on orbital analyses. Using SuperCam data, we conducted a detailed textural, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of the Máaz formation and the Content member of the Séítah formation. We conclude that the Máaz formation and the Content member are igneous and consist of different lava flows and/or possibly pyroclastic flows with complex textures, including vesicular and non‐vesicular rocks with different grain sizes. The Máaz formation rocks exhibit some of the lowest Mg# (=molar 100 × MgO/MgO + FeO) of all Martian igneous rocks analyzed so far (including meteorites and surface rocks) and show similar basaltic to basaltic‐andesitic compositions. Their mineralogy is dominated by Fe‐rich augite to possibly ferrosilite and plagioclase, and minor phases such as Fe‐Ti oxides and Si‐rich phases. They show a broad diversity of both compositions and textures when compared to Martian meteorites and other surface rocks. The different Máaz and Content lava or pyroclastic flows all originate from the same parental magma and/or the same magmatic system, but are not petrogenetically linked to the Séítah formation. The study of returned Máaz samples in Earth‐based laboratories will help constrain the formation of these rocks, calibrate Martian crater counting, and overall, improve our understanding of magmatism on Mars.
A functional eEF2K-eEF2 pathway in the NAc is critical for the expression of cocaine-induced psychomotor sensitisation and conditioned place preference
Authors: Beiser Tehila , Lisniansky Elvira , Weitz Moriya , Bingor Alexey , Grad Etty , Rosenblum Kobi , Thornton Claire , Yaka Rami 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent evidence links synaptic plasticity and mRNA translation, via the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and its only known substrate, eEF2. However, the involvement of the eEF2 pathway in cocaine-induced neuroadaptations and cocaine-induced behaviours is not known. Knock-in (KI) mice and shRNA were used to globally and specifically reduce eEF2K expression. Cocaine psychomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference were used to evaluate behavioural outcome. Changes in eEF2 phosphorylation were determined by western blot analyses. No effect was observed on the AMPA/NMDA receptor current ratio in the ventral tegmental area, 24 h after cocaine injection in eEF2K-KI mice compared with WT. However, development and expression of cocaine psychomotor sensitization were decreased in KI mice. Phosphorylated eEF2 was decreased one day after psychomotor sensitization and returned to baseline at seven days in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of WT mice, but not in eEF2K-KI mice. However, one day following cocaine challenge, phosphorylated eEF2 decreased in WT but not KI mice. Importantly, specific targeting of eEF2K expression by shRNA in the NAc decreased cocaine condition place preference. These results suggest that the eEF2 pathway play a role in cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference.
Cutaneous melanoma, prostate-specific antigen testing and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective analysis of the 45 and Up Study
Authors: Egger Sam , Smith David P. , Patel Manish I. , Kimlin Michael G. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Nair-Shalliker Visalini 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The association between cutaneous melanoma and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PC) was examined in a large population-based cohort study.

Methods
Male participants in the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study (Australia) were recruited between 2006 and 2009. Questionnaire data and linked administrative health data from the Centre for Health Record Linkage and Services Australia identified melanomas diagnosed between 1/1/1994 and 12 months before Study recruitment (i.e., between 2005 and 2008), incident PCs, primary healthcare utilisation and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. Men were excluded from the current analyses if they had a recorded PC or other cancer diagnosis other than melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer prior to recruitment. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for PSA-testing frequency before PC diagnosis.

Results
Of 96,548 eligible men, 1899 were diagnosed with melanoma during the melanoma diagnosis period and 3677 incident PC diagnosed during follow-up (latest date 31/12/2013). Men with melanoma diagnosis had increased risk of a subsequent PC diagnoses (vs. no melanoma; fully adjusted HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09–1.60). There was weak evidence of higher risks of a subsequent PC diagnosis for men diagnosed with more than one melanoma compared to men diagnosed with only one melanoma (p = 0.077), and if first melanoma diagnosis was 10 to 15 years before Study recruitment (fully adjusted HR = 2.05; 95% CI [1.35, 3.12]).

Conclusion
Melanoma diagnosis was associated with increased risk of subsequent PC diagnosis, after adjusting for PSA testing and primary healthcare utilisation. While our ability to adjust for PC screening reduced risk of detection bias, we acknowledge that residual confounding from increased medical surveillance after melanoma diagnoses cannot be entirely ruled out.
Genome-wide identification of disease-causing copy number variations in 450 individuals with anorectal malformations
Authors: Fabian Julia , Dworschak Gabriel C. , Waffenschmidt Lea , Schierbaum Luca , Bendixen Charlotte , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Sivalingam Sugirthan , Buness Andreas , Schwarzer Nicole , Boemers Thomas M. , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Neser Jörg , Leonhardt Johannes , Kosch Ferdinand , Weih Sandra , Gielen Helen Maya , Hosie Stuart , Kabs Carmen , Palta Markus , Märzheuser Stefanie , Bode Lena Marie , Lacher Martin , Schäfer Frank-Mattias , Stehr Maximilian , Knorr Christian , Ure Benno , Kleine Katharina , Rolle Udo , Zaniew Marcin , Phillip Grote , Zwink Nadine , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Reutter Heiko , Hilger Alina C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnorectal malformations (ARM) represent a spectrum of rare malformations originating from a perturbated development of the embryonic hindgut. Approximately 60% occur as a part of a defined genetic syndrome or within the spectrum of additional congenital anomalies. Rare copy number variations (CNVs) have been associated with both syndromic and non-syndromic forms. The present study represents the largest study to date to explore the contribution of CNVs to the expression of ARMs. SNP-array-based molecular karyotyping was applied in 450 individuals with ARM and 4392 healthy controls. CNVs were identified from raw intensity data using PennCNV. Overlapping CNVs between cases and controls were discarded. Remaining CNVs were filtered using a stringent filter algorithm of nine filter steps. Prioritized CNVs were confirmed using qPCR. Filtering prioritized and qPCR confirmed four microscopic chromosomal anomalies and nine submicroscopic CNVs comprising seven microdeletions (del2p13.2, del4p16.2, del7q31.33, del9p24.1, del16q12.1, del18q32, del22q11.21) and two microduplications (dup2p13.2, dup17q12) in 14 individuals (12 singletons and one affected sib-pair). Within these CNVs, based on their embryonic expression data and function, we suggest FOXK2, LPP, and SALL3 as putative candidate genes. Overall, our CNV analysis identified putative microscopic and submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements in 3% of cases. Functional characterization and re-sequencing of suggested candidate genes is warranted.
In situ generation of micrometer-sized tumor cell-derived vesicles as autologous cancer vaccines for boosting systemic immune responses
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Wang Shao-Zhe , Zhang Xinping , Jia Hao-Ran , Zhu Ya-Xuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Gao Ge , Jiang Yao-Wen , Li Chengcheng , Chen Xiaokai , Wu Shun-Yu , Liu Yi , Wu Fu-Gen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer vaccine, which can promote tumor-specific immunostimulation, is one of the most important immunotherapeutic strategies and holds tremendous potential for cancer treatment/prevention. Here, we prepare a series of nanoparticles composed of doxorubicin- and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-loaded and hyaluronic acid-coated dendritic polymers (termed HDDT nanoparticles) and find that the HDDT nanoparticles can convert various cancer cells to micrometer-sized vesicles (1.6−3.2 μm; termed HMVs) with ~100% cell-to-HMV conversion efficiency. We confirm in two tumor-bearing mouse models that the nanoparticles can restrain tumor growth, induce robust immunogenic cell death, and convert the primary tumor into an antigen depot by producing HMVs in situ to serve as personalized vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, the HDDT-healed mice show a strong immune memory effect and the HDDT treatment can realize long-term protection against tumor rechallenge. Collectively, the present work provides a general strategy for the preparation of tumor-associated antigen-containing vesicles and the development of personalized cancer vaccines.
Tiger sharks support the characterization of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem
Authors: Gallagher Austin J. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Alsudairy Nourah A. , Casagrande Andrew B. , Fu Chuancheng , Harding Lucy , Harris S. David , Hammerschlag Neil , Howe Wells , Huertas Antonio Delgado , Kattan Sami , Kough Andrew S. , Musgrove Andre , Payne Nicholas L. , Phillips Adrian , Shea Brendan D. , Shipley Oliver N. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Hossain Mohammad S. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeagrass conservation is critical for mitigating climate change due to the large stocks of carbon they sequester in the seafloor. However, effective conservation and its potential to provide nature-based solutions to climate change is hindered by major uncertainties regarding seagrass extent and distribution. Here, we describe the characterization of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, located in The Bahamas. We integrate existing spatial estimates with an updated empirical remote sensing product and perform extensive ground-truthing of seafloor with 2,542 diver surveys across remote sensing tiles. We also leverage seafloor assessments and movement data obtained from instrument-equipped tiger sharks, which have strong fidelity to seagrass ecosystems, to augment and further validate predictions. We report a consensus area of at least 66,000 km2 and up to 92,000 km2 of seagrass habitat across The Bahamas Banks. Sediment core analysis of stored organic carbon further confirmed the global relevance of the blue carbon stock in this ecosystem. Data from tiger sharks proved important in supporting mapping and ground-truthing remote sensing estimates. This work provides evidence of major knowledge gaps in the ocean ecosystem, the benefits in partnering with marine animals to address these gaps, and underscores support for rapid protection of oceanic carbon sinks.
Genomic insights into local adaptation and future climate-induced vulnerability of a keystone forest tree in East Asia
Authors: Sang Yupeng , Long Zhiqin , Dan Xuming , Feng Jiajun , Shi Tingting , Jia Changfu , Zhang Xinxin , Lai Qiang , Yang Guanglei , Zhang Hongying , Xu Xiaoting , Liu Huanhuan , Jiang Yuanzhong , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Liu Jianquan , Mao Kangshan , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRapid global climate change is posing a substantial threat to biodiversity. The assessment of population vulnerability and adaptive capacity under climate change is crucial for informing conservation and mitigation strategies. Here we generate a chromosome-scale genome assembly and re-sequence genomes of 230 individuals collected from 24 populations for Populus koreana, a pioneer and keystone tree species in temperate forests of East Asia. We integrate population genomics and environmental variables to reveal a set of climate-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion/deletions and structural variations, especially numerous adaptive non-coding variants distributed across the genome. We incorporate these variants into an environmental modeling scheme to predict a highly spatiotemporal shift of this species in response to future climate change. We further identify the most vulnerable populations that need conservation priority and many candidate genes and variants that may be useful for forest tree breeding with special aims. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating genomic and environmental data to predict adaptive capacity of a key forest to rapid climate change in the future.
Shaping contactless radiation forces through anomalous acoustic scattering
Authors: Stein Matthew , Keller Sam , Luo Yujie , Ilic Ognjen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWaves impart momentum and exert force on obstacles in their path. The transfer of wave momentum is a fundamental mechanism for contactless manipulation, yet the rules of conventional scattering intrinsically limit the radiation force based on the shape and the size of the manipulated object. Here, we show that this intrinsic limit can be broken for acoustic waves with subwavelength-structured surfaces (metasurfaces), where the force becomes controllable by the arrangement of surface features, independent of the object’s overall shape and size. Harnessing such anomalous metasurface scattering, we demonstrate complex actuation phenomena: self-guidance, where a metasurface object is autonomously guided by an acoustic wave, and tractor beaming, where a metasurface object is pulled by the wave. Our results show that bringing the metasurface physics of acoustic waves, and its full arsenal of tools, to the domain of mechanical manipulation opens new frontiers in contactless actuation and enables diverse actuation mechanisms that are beyond the limits of traditional wave-matter interactions.
Towards highly efficient NIR II response up-conversion phosphor enabled by long lifetimes of Er3+
Authors: Yin Xiumei , Xu Wen , Zhu Ge , Ji Yanan , Xiao Qi , Dong Xinyao , He Ming , Cao Baosheng , Zhou Na , Luo Xixian , Guo Lin , Dong Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe second near-infrared (NIR II) response photon up-conversion (UC) materials show great application prospects in the fields of biology and optical communication. However, it is still an enormous challenge to obtain efficient NIR II response materials. Herein, we develop a series of Er3+doped ternary sulfides phosphors with highly efficient UC emissions under 1532 nm irradiation. β-NaYS2:Er3+achieves a visible UC efficiency as high as 2.6%, along with high brightness, spectral stability of lights illumination and temperature. Such efficient UC is dominated by excited state absorption, accompanied by the advantage of long lifetimes (4I9/2, 9.24 ms;4I13/2, 30.27 ms) of excited state levels of Er3+, instead of the well-recognized energy transfer UC between sensitizer and activator. NaYS2:Er3+phosphors are further developed for high-performance underwater communication and narrowband NIR photodetectors. Our findings suggest a novel approach for developing NIR II response UC materials, and simulate new applications, eg., simultaneous NIR and visible optical communication.