bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NW Pacific‐Panthalassa Intra‐Oceanic Subduction During Mesozoic Times From Mantle Convection and Geoid Models
Authors: Lin Yi‐An , Colli Lorenzo , Wu Jonny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPacific‐Panthalassa plate tectonics are the most challenging on Earth to reconstruct during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras due to extensive subduction, which has resulted in large (>9,000 km length) unconstrained gaps between the Pacific and Laurasia (now NE Asia) back to the Early Jurassic. We build four contrasted NW Pacific‐Panthalassa global plate reconstructions and assimilate their velocity fields into global geodynamic models. We compare our predicted present mantle structure, synthetic geoid and dynamic topography to Earth observations. P‐wave tomographic filtering of predicted mantle structures allows for more explicit comparisons to global tomography. Plate reconstructions that include intra‐oceanic subduction in NW Pacific‐Panthalassa fit better to the observed geoid and residual topography, challenging popular models of Andean‐style subduction along East Asia. Our geodynamic models predict significant SE‐ward lateral slab advections within the NW Pacific basin lower mantle (∼2,500 km from Mesozoic times to present) that would confound “vertical slab sinking”‐style restorations of imaged slabs and past subduction zone locations.
Metamorphism and Deformation on Subduction Interfaces: 2. Petrological and Tectonic Implications
Authors: Smye Andrew J. , England Philip C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe compositional range of ∼2,000 marine sediments and ∼19,000 oceanic igneous rocks is encapsulated by a set of 12 sedimentary and 10 mafic rock compositions, allowing computation of phase relationships on P‐T paths along subduction interfaces. These are described economically by a partitioning analysis, which connects the mineral assemblages to different parts of the subduction P‐T space and facilitates assessment of prograde dehydration, melting, densification, and rheological systematics. Dehydration and densification occur at shallower depths than in studies that neglect shear heating. Lawsonite stability is limited to interfaces where convergence is slower than 20 mm/yr; such rates also favor transport of volatiles beyond the arc. Terrigenous sediments and mafic rocks reach their solidi close to the top of the wedge‐slab interface; melt fractions are enhanced by fluid from the dehydrating slab interior. Rheological calculations show that the most abundant sediment types have interface capacities of hundreds of meters to kilometers, and that the strengths of mafic rocks comfortably exceed their buoyancy stresses. Above ∼650°C sediments are weak enough to rise as diapirs into the mantle wedge. Carbonate‐ and serpentinite‐rich lithologies are weaker than other interface rocks, and ascend most rapidly at the cessation of subduction. Ascent rates drop abruptly as rocks enter the plate interface, probably leading to retrograde equilibrium at P ∼ 1–1.5 GPa. The seismic‐aseismic transition is expected at about 500°C in mafics, and 400°C in metasediments. Seamounts are weaker than most other interface rocks, and unlikely to form asperities. Slow slip and tremor may be associated with the blueschist‐eclogite transition.
On Magnetosheath Jet Kinetic Structure and Plasma Properties
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Karlsson Tomas , Vaivads Andris , Lindberg Martin , Johlander Andreas , Trollvik Henriette 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed plasma jets downstream of Earth's bow shock are high velocity streams associated with a variety of shock and magnetospheric phenomena. In this work, using the Magnetosphere Multiscale mission, we study the properties of a jet found downstream of the Quasi‐parallel bow shock using high‐resolution (burst) data. By doing so, we demonstrate how the jet is an inherently kinetic structure described by highly variable velocity distributions. The observed distributions show the presence of two plasma population, a cold/fast jet and a hotter/slower background population. We derive partial moments for the jet population to isolate its properties. The resulting partial moments appear different from the full ones which are typically used in similar studies. These discrepancies show how jets are more similar to upstream solar wind beams compared to what was previously believed. Finally, we explore the consequences of our results and methodology regarding the characterization, origin, and evolution of jets.
Fault Friction Derived From Fault Bend Influence on Coseismic Slip During the 2019 Ridgecrest Mw 7.1 Mainshock
Authors: Milliner C. W. D. , Aati S. , Avouac J. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe variation of stress on faults is important for our understanding of fault friction and the dynamics of earthquake ruptures. However, we still have little observational constraints on their absolute magnitude, or their variations in space and in time over the seismic cycle. Here we use a new geodetic imaging technique to measure the 3D coseismic slip vectors along the 2019 Ridgecrest surface ruptures and invert them for the coseismic stress state. We find that the coseismic stresses show an eastward rotation that becomes increasingly transtensional from south‐to‐north along the rupture, that matches the known background stress state. We find that the main fault near the Mw 7.1 mainshock hypocenter was critically stressed. Coseismic slip was maximum there and decreased gradually along strike as the fault became less optimally oriented due its curved geometry. The variations of slip and stress along the curved faults are used to infer the static and dynamic fault friction assuming Mohr‐Coulomb failure. We find shear stresses of 4–9 MPa in the shallow crust (∼1.3 km depth) and that fault friction drops from a static, Byerlee‐type, value of 0.61 0.14 to a dynamic value of 0.29 0.04 during seismic slip. These values explain quantitatively the slip variations along a transpressional fault bend.
Multiple Shallow Crustal Origins for Spinel‐Bearing Lithologies on the Moon: A Perspective From the Luna 20 Mission
Authors: Simon S. B. , Shearer C. K. , Haggerty S. E. , Moriarty D. P. , Petro N. , Papike J. J. , Vaci Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Luna 20 mission returned samples from the Hilly and Furrowed Terrain of the Moon that is associated with the impact event that formed the Crisium Basin. This event potentially excavated deep crustal and upper mantle lithologies. Spinel is commonly considered to be a mineralogical indicator of rocks of high‐pressure origin, and orbital data indicate the presence of spinel‐bearing lithologies exterior to the basin. We have examined 166 Luna 20 particles in the 250–500 μm size range and found 31 spinel‐bearing fragments. Of these 10 are igneous plutonic Mg‐suite rocks, most of which are troctolitic, and 16 are impact melt rocks. The other five are fused soil or devitrified glass fragments. The spinel‐bearing lithic fragments are plagioclase‐rich and do not have the high modal abundances of Mg‐Al spinel previously identified in the region through remote sensing analyses. The textures, compositions, and inferred crystallization sequences of the present magmatic spinel‐bearing samples are most consistent with a relatively shallow crustal (rather than a deep crustal) origin, with a petrogenesis involving assimilation of ferroan anorthosite crust by Mg‐rich, mantle‐derived magmas. Both relict and newly formed spinels are found in impact melt rocks and are also inferred to have formed at relatively low pressures. Thus, the presence of spinel is not an unambiguous indicator of mantle or deep crustal material. The insights gained from this study show that studies of a small, robotically collected sample can improve our understanding of regional lithologies and petrologic processes.
An integrated biometric voice and facial features for early detection of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lim Wee Shin , Chiu Shu-I , Wu Meng-Ciao , Tsai Shu-Fen , Wang Pu-He , Lin Kun-Pei , Chen Yung-Ming , Peng Pei-Ling , Chen Yung-Yaw , Jang Jyh-Shing Roger , Lin Chin-Hsien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHypomimia and voice changes are soft signs preceding classical motor disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aim to investigate whether an analysis of acoustic and facial expressions with machine-learning algorithms assist early identification of patients with PD. We recruited 371 participants, including a training cohort (112 PD patients during “on” phase, 111 controls) and a validation cohort (74 PD patients during “off” phase, 74 controls). All participants underwent a smartphone-based, simultaneous recording of voice and facial expressions, while reading an article. Nine different machine learning classifiers were applied. We observed that integrated facial and voice features could discriminate early-stage PD patients from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) diagnostic value of 0.85. In the validation cohort, the optimal diagnostic value (0.90) maintained. We concluded that integrated biometric features of voice and facial expressions could assist the identification of early-stage PD patients from aged controls.
A robust COVID-19 mortality prediction calculator based on Lymphocyte count, Urea, C-Reactive Protein, Age and Sex (LUCAS) with chest X-rays
Authors: Ray Surajit , Banerjee Abhirup , Swift Andrew , Fanstone Joseph W. , Mamalakis Michail , Vorselaars Bart , Wilkie Craig , Cole Joby , Mackenzie Louise S. , Weeks Simonne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere have been numerous risk tools developed to enable triaging of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with diverse levels of complexity. Here we presented a simplified risk-tool based on minimal parameters and chest X-ray (CXR) image data that predicts the survival of adult SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at hospital admission. We analysed the NCCID database of patient blood variables and CXR images from 19 hospitals across the UK using multivariable logistic regression. The initial dataset was non-randomly split between development and internal validation dataset with 1434 and 310 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, respectively. External validation of the final model was conducted on 741 Accident and Emergency (A&E) admissions with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from a separate NHS Trust. The LUCAS mortality score included five strongest predictors (Lymphocyte count, Urea, C-reactive protein, Age, Sex), which are available at any point of care with rapid turnaround of results. Our simple multivariable logistic model showed high discrimination for fatal outcome with the area under the receiving operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) in development cohort 0.765 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.738–0.790), in internal validation cohort 0.744 (CI: 0.673–0.808), and in external validation cohort 0.752 (CI: 0.713–0.787). The discriminatory power of LUCAS increased slightly when including the CXR image data. LUCAS can be used to obtain valid predictions of mortality in patients within 60 days of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results into low, moderate, high, or very high risk of fatality.
Investigation of the motion of fullerene-wheeled nano-machines on thermally activated curved gold substrates
Authors: Bakhtiari Mohammad Ali , Seifi Saeed , Tohidloo Mahdi , Shamloo Amir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current study presents one of the first investigations in which the simultaneous effect of the curved gold substrates and temperature changes on C60 and C60-wheeled nano-machines’ migration was evaluated. For this aim, the cylindrical and concave substrates with different radii were chosen to attain the size of the most appropriate substrate for nano-machines. Results indicated that the chassis' flexibility substantially affected the nanocar's mobility. Nano-machines' deviation from their desired direction was adequately restricted due to selected substrate geometries (The cylindrical and concave). Besides, for the first time, the effect of the substrate radius changes on nano-machine's motion has been investigated. Our findings revealed that adjusting the value of radius results in a long-range movement for nano-machines as well as a sufficient amount of diffusion coefficient even at low temperatures ($$75\; \text{K}$$

75

K

or $$150\; \text{K}$$

150

K

). As a result, the aforementioned substrates could be utilized as the optimized geometries for C60 and nanocar at all temperatures. At the same time, the nanotruck displayed an appropriate performance merely on the small cylindrical substrate ($$radius=17.5 \; \text{\AA} $$

r
a
d
i
u
s
=
17.5

Å

) at high temperatures ($$500\; \text{K}$$

500

K

and $$600\; \text{K}$$

600

K

).
Association of single child family with subjective health complaints in children and adolescents
Authors: Rastad Hadith , Qorbani Mostafa , Pourrostami Kumars , Ochi Fatemeh , Sheidayi Ali , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Seif Ehsan , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Mahdavi-Gorabi Armita , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of single-child families has been increasing across developing countries during the last decades. We aimed to examine the association between being a single child (SC) and subjective health complaints (SHCs) in Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted as a part of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN-V). This national survey included a total of 14,400 students 7–18 years and their parents from rural and urban areas in 30 provinces of Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, and SHCs were measured using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School-based Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association of being an SC with SHCs. Data on 14,151 participants were available for this study, of whom 7.7% (1092) were SCs. The most frequent SHCs were irritability (37.1%, 95%CI: 36.3–37.9%), feeling nervous 32.5%, 95% CI: (31.7–33.3%), and headache 24.3%, 95%CI: (23.6–25.0% ). In the multivariate model, being an SC significantly increased the odds of dizziness [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.37(1.08–1.72)] and backache complaint [1.22(1.01–1.47)]. The association of being an SC with other SHCs (feeling low, irritability, feeling nervous, difficulty in getting to sleep, headache, stomachache) was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05). Our results suggest that being an SC may be associated with higher odds of dizziness and backache complaints.
Near-superhydrophobic silicone microcapsule arrays encapsulating ionic liquid electrolytes for micro-power storage assuming use in seawater
Authors: Iwasaki Kaede , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Okoshi Masayuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicro-energy storage, which is convenient for combination with energy harvesting, is known to be realized by microencapsulation with various shell materials, its application is limited to land. Here, we succeeded in fabricating a silicone microcapsule array encapsulating an ionic liquid electrolyte that can store minute power in NaCl solution as well as a minute power generation method. The ArF excimer laser-irradiated silicone rubber underneath silica microspheres was photochemically and periodically swelled by the photodissociation of silicone. Accompanied by the microswellings, the lower molecular weight silicones generated were ejected along a curvature of each the microsphere to enclose the microspheres. After the chemical etching, the silicone microcapsule arrays became hollow. Moreover, each the hollow silicone microcapsule could entrap an ionic liquid in a vacuum. In addition, the silicone microcapsules before and after the encapsulating ionic liquid showed a superhydrophobic or near-superhydrophobic property. As a result, the silicone microcapsule arrays could be confined in a uniform air gap of electrically insulated region in NaCl solution. This means that each the silicone microcapsule encapsulating ionic liquid as electrolytes enables to function as an electric double layer capacitor for micro-power storage, aiming to connect with Internet of Things devices that work under seawater.
Braiding properties of worldline configurations in hardcore lattice bosons
Authors: Lingua Fabio , Wang Wei , Shpani Liana , Capogrosso-Sansone Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we study braiding properties of worldline configurations for a variety of ground-states of hardcore Bose–Hubbard models in two dimensions. Configurations are collections of particle paths and result from the path-integral formulation of statistical mechanics. For hard-core bosons, configurations can be seen as geometric braids and therefore can be assigned a certain topological structure, i.e. a way to classify braiding events among worldlines. By means of Monte Carlo calculations, we study superfluid phase and a variety of insulating phases and observe that ground-states of different quantum phases correspond to different probability distributions of braiding properties.
The role of collisional ionization in heavy ion acceleration by high intensity laser pulses
Authors: Afshari M. , Morris S. , Geulig L. D. , Chitgar Z. M. , Gibbon P. , Thirolf P. G. , Schreiber J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present here simulation results of the laser-driven acceleration of gold ions using the EPOCH code. Recently, an experiment reported the acceleration of gold ions up to 7 MeV/nucleon with a strong dependency of the charge-state distribution on target thickness and the detection of the highest charge states$${\text {Z}} \sim 72$$Z∼72. Our simulations using a developmental branch of EPOCH (4.18-Ionization) show that collisional ionization is the most important cause of charge states beyond Z = 51 up to He-like Au.
Gradient droplet distribution promotes spontaneous formation of frost-free zone
Authors: Lu Chenguang , Liu Cong , Yuan Zichao , Zhan Haiyang , Zhao Danyang , Zhao Lei , Feng Shile , Liu Yahua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe inhibition of condensation frosting at harsh environments is critical in various anti-icing applications. However, frosting on the entire surface is the final fate for most passive anti-icing strategies as a result of inevitable ice nucleation of subcooled droplets from the surface edges or defects and the following inter-droplet freezing wave propagation. Here, we report the frost-free zone formation on a macro-ridged surface. We design a macroscale ridge on the surface and show that this surface configuration changes the spatial distribution of water vapor diffusion flux during the condensation stage, resulting in a gradient arrangement of condensate droplets according to their size. This allows numerous failures of local inter-droplet ice bridging in the area with a critical droplet coverage rate, which triggers the interruption of the global freezing wave propagation and the evaporation of the rest droplets to form a frost-free zone around the ridge corner. These findings extend our understanding of frost formation on the surface and provide a rationale for the surface design with impressive durable anti-frosting performance.
Boundedness and stability of nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential delay equation disturbed by Lévy noise
Authors: Yang Ning , Chen Dongyan , Hu Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the boundedness and stability of the nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential delay equation (NHSDDE) disturbed by Lévy noise (LN). Different from the previous systems with Markovian switching, not only different parameters under different modes, but also different structures under different modes are considered, where a novel Lyapunov function is constructed to handle the impacts of different structures under different modes. Without the linear growth condition, the existence of the global solution is proved for the NHSDDE with LN. Then, the M‐matrix technique is applied to build some reasonable theorems upon the vth moment asymptotic boundedness, the vth moment exponential stability and the almost surely exponential stability for the NHSDDE driven by LN. An approach to solving the admissible upper bound of the time‐delay derivative is given for guaranteeing the asymptotic boundedness and the exponential stability of the global solution. Finally, two numerical examples and homologous simulated outcomes are provided to indicate the usefulness of the presented theoretical findings.
Adsorption properties of Ni cluster modified TiO2 (1 0 1) towards SF6 decomposition gases
Authors: Gui Yingang , Yang Shun , Ji Chang , Chen Xianping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOnline detection of insulation defects the decomposition products of SF6 plays a key role in ensuring the safe operation of the gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment. The pristine TiO2 (1 0 1) modified by Ni cluster (1–3 Ni atoms) is used as a new gas‐sensing material to study its gas‐sensing characteristics to the characteristic decomposition products of SF6: SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, we found that the modification of Ni clusters significantly improved the conductivity of pristine TiO2 (1 0 1) and the gas sensitivity of SF6 decomposition products. More importantly, the change of conductivity after gas adsorption lays a theoretical foundation for identifying the type and concentration of SF6 characteristic decomposition products and further judging the type of defects in GIS.
Front‐to‐back ratio and half‐power beamwidth improving for 4G/5G base station antenna
Authors: Rao Sheng‐Lin , Cai Qiang‐Ming , Cao Xin , Tao Liu , Huang Anfeng , Liu Mulin , Zhu Yuying , Zhu Yuyu , Bo Pu , Yu Yi , Fan Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA simple wideband planar antenna with a separated fence structure is presented in this study for 4/5G base station application. To improve the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) and half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of the proposed antenna, five parasitic separated fence structures are designed. This design can effectively suppress the surface wave propagating along the metal ground and increase the radiation performance of the proposed antenna in the low elevation area. After integrating the fence, the FBR of the proposed antenna is improved by 6 dB on average. And the HPBW is increased by on average above 3 GHz. Furthermore, a linear antenna array is designed and analysed. The measured results display that the proposed antenna achieves a wideband of 47.3% (2.22–3.64 GHz) for |S11|≤ −10 dB with an isolation higher than 30 dB, which are in agreement with the simulations. The average HPBW, FBR, and gain of the proposed antenna is about , 22 dB, and 6.9 dBi in the operating band.