bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin A Injections to the Upper Face: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zargaran David , Zoller Florence , Zargaran Alexander , Rahman Eqram , Woollard Alexander , Weyrich Tim , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are a popular non-surgical procedure for facial rejuvenation. Its increase in popularity and utilization is met with limited regulations, potentially posing a significant risk to patient safety and public health.

Objectives
The authors sought to assess the safety profile of cosmetic glabellar and forehead BoNT-A injections and evaluate BoNT-A type on complication rate.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed for studies reporting complications after cosmetic BoNT-A in the glabellar or in the forehead region in the glabellar or in the forehead region. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out to assess complication rate. Where there were sufficient randomized-controlled trials, a network meta-analysis was performed.

Results
Of 556 identified articles, 24 were included in the final quantitative analysis, with 4268 BoNT-A injection sessions and 1234 placebos. Frequently observed treatment-related complications in the BoNT-A intervention group included headache, local skin reactions, and facial neuromuscular symptoms. The overall BoNT-A complication rate was 16%. The odds ratio of developing complications from abobotulinum toxin injections compared with placebo was 1.62 (1.15, 2.27; P &gt; 0.05) and that from onabotulinum toxin injections compared with placebo was 1.34 (0.52, 3.48; P &gt; 0.05). In 30% of the studies, the injectors were doctors, whereas the training status of the practitioner was not reported in the remaining 70%.

Conclusions
Cosmetic BoNT-A injections in the glabellar and forehead region appear to be safe, and most complications are mild and transient. Nevertheless, the literature demonstrates heterogeneous reporting of complications and a lack of consistency of the definition of treatment-related complications.

Level of Evidence: 2
Non-linear latitudinal cline of egg size and its consequence for larval survival in the rhinoceros beetle
Authors: Kojima Wataru , Lin Chung-Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The egg size of insects often exhibits latitudinal trends, which are attributed to local adaptations to temperature or temperature-related ecological factors. Although increased egg size improves offspring fitness, the relationship between size and fitness is influenced largely by environmental variables. Additionally, there is a trade-off between the size and number of eggs if the quantity of reproductive resources is constant. Despite the key associations among offspring size, number and performance, relatively few studies have jointly considered these traits when studying the genetic differentiation of egg size. Here, we examined the effects of latitude on egg size using 14 populations of the univoltine rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) along a 1200-km latitudinal gradient under common garden laboratory conditions. We found that egg size decreased with increasing latitude in a non-linear manner. Geographical variation in egg size was independent of maternal body size, and there was no difference in female lifetime fecundity between the low-latitude (large eggs) and high-latitude (small eggs) populations. Therefore, low-latitude females invest more resources in reproduction compared with high-latitude females. We further found that the larvae of the high-latitude population showed higher mortality than those of the low-latitude population under both nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich conditions. Although the ecological factors that shape the non-linear cline of egg size were not identified in our study, geographical variation in local environments or in female reproductive strategies could have caused the latitudinal trend.
Calcium-binding proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12: expression and regulation at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs
Authors: Jang Hwanhee , Lee Soohyung , Yoo Inkyu , Choi Yohan , Han Jisoo , Cheon Yugyeong , Ka Hakhyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Among the many calcium-binding proteins, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 play important roles in inflammation, innate immunity, and antimicrobial function, but their expression, regulation, and function at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs are not fully understood. Therefore, we determined the expression and regulation of S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and their receptor AGER at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. We found that S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 mRNAs were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, with the greatest levels on Day (D) 12 of pregnancy, and AGER appeared at greater levels on D15 and D30 of pregnancy than on other days. The expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 was predominantly localized to epithelial cells in the endometrium, and they were detected in early-stage conceptus and later chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. AGER expression was localized to endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and chorionic epithelial cells. In endometrial explant tissues, the expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 was induced by estrogen, S100A8 by interleukin-1β, and AGER by interferon-γ. We further found that on D12 of pregnancy, the expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 decreased significantly in the endometria of gilts carrying conceptuses derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer. These results indicate that the expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 is dynamically regulated in response to conceptus-derived signals at the maternal-conceptus interface, suggesting that S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 could play a critical role in regulating endometrial epithelial cell function and conceptus implantation to support the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
Chemopreventive efficacy of silibinin against basal cell carcinoma growth and progression in UVB-irradiated Ptch+/– mice
Authors: Paudel Sandeep , Raina Komal , Tiku Vasundhara R , Maurya Akhilendra , Orlicky David J , You Zhiying , Rigby Cindy M , Deep Gagan , Kant Rama , Raina Bupinder , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe factors (environmental and genetic) contributing to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) pathogenesis are well-established; however, effective agents for BCC prevention are marred by toxic side-effects. Herein, we assessed the efficacy of flavonolignan silibinin against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced BCC in Ptch+/– (heterozygous patched homolog 1 gene) mouse model. Both male and female Ptch+/– mice were irradiated with a 240 mJ/cm2 UVB dose 3 times/week for 26 or 46 weeks, with or without topical application of silibinin (9 mg/200 µl in acetone, applied 30 min before or after UVB exposure). Results indicated that silibinin application either pre- or post-UVB exposure for 26 weeks significantly decreased the number of BCC lesions by 65% and 39% (P &lt; 0.001 for both) and the area covered by BCCs (72% and 45%, P &lt; 0.001 for both), respectively, compared to UVB alone. Furthermore, continuous UVB exposure for 46 weeks increased the BCC lesion number and the BCC area covered by ~6 and ~3.4 folds (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Notably, even in this 46 week prolonged UVB exposure, silibinin (irrespective of pre- or post-UVB treatment) significantly halted the growth of BCCs by 81–94% (P &lt; 0.001) as well as other epidermal lesions; specifically, silibinin treated tissues had less epidermal dysplasia, fibrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies revealed that silibinin significantly decreased basal cell proliferation (Ki-67) and the expression of cytokeratins (14 and 15), and Hedgehog signaling mediators Smo and Gli1 in the BCC lesions. Together, our findings demonstrate strong potential of silibinin to be efficacious in preventing the growth and progression of UVB-induced BCC.
Clinical significance of differential serum-signatures for early prediction of severe dengue among Eastern Indian patients
Authors: Mukherjee Saikat , Saha Bibhuti , Tripathi Anusri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dengue infection can result in simple dengue fever or life-threatening severe dengue. Early identification of severe patients is needed for proper disease management. Dengue infection was screened among 168 symptomatic patients by qRT-PCR, anti-dengue IgM, and IgG ELISA. Dengue patients were categorized according to WHO classification. Viral load and dengue serotypes were determined by qRT-PCR. Levels of acute-phase-proteins (SAP, SAA2; CRP and ApoA1), endothelial (Ang2, VEGF), coagulation (fibrinogen) markers were determined by sandwich ELISA/immunoturbidimetry/western-blotting. Hepatic (ALT, AST, ALP) and other blood biochemical parameters were studied by autoanalyzer and haematology cell counter. Statistical analysis and protein–protein-interaction network were performed by GraphPad-Prism and STRINGS database, respectively. Among 87 dengue patients, significantly higher levels of Ang2, VEGF, CRP, SAA2, ApoA1, AST, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio and low level of fibrinogen were detected in severe-dengue cases compared to dengue without warning-signs, with seven of them severely altered during febrile-phase. Higher fold-change of Ang2 and VEGF as well as decreased fibrinogen were observed among patients with haemorrhagic-manifestation, clinical-fluid accumulation and thrombocytopenia. Functional network analysis predicted Ang2, VEGF, and CRP to be functionally and physically connected and SAA2 and ApoA1 to be functioning together. Correlation analyses also validated this connectivity by a strong positive correlation between Ang2, VEGF, and CRP. PCA analysis followed by hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis segregated severe-dengue patients from the rest, with VEGF, Ang2, ApoA1, AST, and ALT clearly distinguishing the severe-dengue group. Thus, serum levels of VEGF, Ang2, ApoA1, AST, and ALT might act as potential biomarkers for predicting dengue severity during the early stage.
All-or-none neural mechanisms underlying face categorization: evidence from the N170
Authors: Jin Haiyang , Hayward William G , Corballis Paul M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Categorization of visual stimuli is an intrinsic aspect of human perception. Whether the cortical mechanisms underlying categorization operate in an all-or-none or graded fashion remains unclear. In this study, we addressed this issue in the context of the face-specific N170. Specifically, we investigated whether N170 amplitudes grade with the amount of face information available in an image, or a full response is generated whenever a face is perceived. We employed linear mixed-effects modeling to inspect the dependency of N170 amplitudes on stimulus properties and duration, and their relationships to participants’ subjective perception. Consistent with previous studies, we found a stronger N170 evoked by faces presented for longer durations. However, further analysis with equivalence tests revealed that this duration effect was eliminated when only faces perceived with high confidence were considered. Therefore, previous evidence supporting the graded hypothesis is more likely to be an artifact of mixing heterogeneous “all” and “none” trial types in signal averaging. These results support the hypothesis that the N170 is generated in an all-or-none manner and, by extension, suggest that categorization of faces may follow a similar pattern.
Serial changes of layer-specific myocardial function according to chemotherapy regimen in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Kim Mi-Na , Kim So-Ree , Kim Hee-Dong , Cho Dong-Hyuk , Jung Seung Pil , Park Kyong Hwa , Park Seong-Mi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) is a significant complication, meanwhile myocardial damage might differ depending on chemotherapy agents and their timing. The aim of this study was to evaluate serial changes of layer-specific myocardial function in patients with breast cancer and their differences by the development time of CIC and chemotherapy agent.

Methods and results
A total of 105 consecutive patients with breast cancer (age: 52.3 ± 9.3 years) were enrolled. Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity occurred in 20 (19%) patients during 6 months. Endocardial and midmyocardial functions decreased in patients with or without CIC, with patients with CIC showing greater decreases during follow-up. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) change at 3 months was the most sensitive parameter to detect CIC. When new development of CIC was analysed at 6 months, GLS was reduced earlier than the decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction. In patients with CIC who were treated with anthracycline-based regimen for 3 months, endocardial GLS markedly decreased at 3 months and continued to decrease until 6 months. Patients with CIC who received trastuzumab therapy after anthracycline therapy showed further reduction in endocardial GLS at the 6-month follow-up, which was not shown in patients with CIC who received taxane therapy subsequently.

Conclusion
Myocardial function assessed by strain decreased in all patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. The endocardial layer was the most vulnerable to chemotherapy-induced myocardial damage. Functional impairment was more profound in patients with CIC who received sequential anthracycline-trastuzumab chemotherapy. Thus, early evaluation of left ventricular function might be necessary for all patients with breast cancer to detect CIC.
Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in 2019 in the adult population of Mayotte
Authors: Calas Lucinda , Subiros Marion , Ruello Marc , Hassani Youssouf , Gabet Amélie , Angue Marion , Pointeau Odile , Olié Valérie , Grave Clémence 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Mayotte is a French overseas territory with significant socio-economic and health challenges. This study updates the prevalence of hypertension in Mayotte to estimate the awareness, treatment and control of this disease and identify any associated factors.

Methods
Data were taken from the cross-sectional Unono Wa Maore survey conducted in Mayotte in 2019. Analyses were based on the adult population aged 18–69 years who underwent a clinical examination with at least two blood pressure measurements (n = 2620).

Results
In 2019, the prevalence of hypertension was estimated at 38.4% (36.1–40.7%) in the Mayotte population aged 18–69 years. The prevalence was similar in men (38.5%) and women (38.3%; P = 0.95). The prevalence of certain risk factors was high, with 75% of hypertensives being overweight or obese, 13% reporting diabetes and 69% being occupationally inactive. Among the hypertensives, 48% was aware of their diagnosis, with women more likely to be aware than men (P &lt; 0.0001). Of those who were aware, 45% were treated pharmacologically and 49% reported engaging in physical activity to lower their blood pressure. The control rate was 30.2% among pharmacologically treated hypertensives. Overall, 80% of hypertensive patients had too high blood pressure during the survey’s clinical examination.

Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension remains high in Mayotte, where certain risk factors like obesity are particularly common in the population. Awareness, treatment and control remain insufficient. Primary prevention measures, access to a healthy food, and screening and treatment of hypertension should be encouraged by targeting the most affected populations.
Microbiome–host-phylogeny relationships in animal gastrointestinal tract microbiomes
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Li Wendy , Shi Peng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Among the factors influencing the animal gastrointestinal tract microbiome (AGM) diversity, diet and phylogeny have been extensively studied. However, what made the studies particularly challenging is that diet characteristics per se are product of evolution, and hence totally disentangling both effects is unrealistic, likely explaining the lack of consensus in existing literatures. To further explore microbial diversity and host-phylogeny–diet relationships, we performed a big-data meta-analysis with 4903 16S rRNA AGM samples from 318 animal species covering all six vertebrate and four major invertebrate classes. We discovered that the relationship between AGM-diversity and phylogenetic timeline (PT) follows a power-law or log-linear model, including diet specific power-law relationships. The log-linear nature predicts a generally rising trend of AGM diversity along the evolutionary tree starting from the root, which explains the observation why Mammalia exhibited the highest AGM-diversity. The power-law property suggests that a handful of taxa carry disproportionally large weights to the evolution of diversity patterns than the majority of taxa, which explains why the species richness of Insecta was significant different than those from the other nine classes. Finally, we hypothesize that the diversity—PT power-law relationship explains why species-abundance distributions generally follow highly skewed probability distributions.
Heterogeneous IgE reactivities to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains in dogs with atopic dermatitis, and the identification of DM13-domain-containing protein as a bacterial IgE-reactive molecule
Authors: Takemura-Uchiyama Iyo , Tsurui Hiroki , Shimakura Hidekatsu , Nasukawa Tadahiro , Imanishi Ichiro , Uchiyama Jumpei , Fukuyama Tomoki , Sakamoto Shuji , Morisawa Keiko , Fujimura Masato , Murakami Hironobu , Kanamaru Shuji , Kurokawa Kenji , Kawamoto Keiko , Iyori Keita , Sakaguchi Masahiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is one of the major pathogens causing canine skin infection. In canine atopic dermatitis (AD), heterogeneous strains of S. pseudintermedius reside on the affected skin site. Because an increase in specific IgE to this bacterium has been reported, S. pseudintermedius is likely to exacerbate the severity of canine AD. In this study, the IgE reactivities to various S. pseudintermedius strains and the IgE-reactive molecules of S. pseudintermedius were investigated. First, examining the IgE reactivities to eight strains of S. pseudintermedius using 141 sera of AD dogs, strain variation of S. pseudintermedius showed 10–63% of the IgE reactivities. This is different from the expected result based on the concept of Staphylococcus aureus clonality in AD patients. Moreover, according to the western blot analysis, there were more than four proteins reactive to IgE. Subsequently, the analysis of the common IgE-reactive protein at ∼15 kDa confirmed that the DM13-domain-containing protein was reactive in AD dogs, which is not coincident with any S. aureus IgE-reactive molecules. Considering these, S. pseudintermedius is likely to exacerbate AD severity in dogs, slightly different from the case of S. aureus in human AD.
Genetic Pleiotropy Between Pulmonary Function and Age-Related Traits: The Long Life Family Study
Authors: Feitosa Mary F , Wojczynski Mary K , Anema Jason A , Daw E Warwick , Wang Lihua , Santanasto Adam J , Nygaard Marianne , Province Michael A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary function (PF) progressively declines with aging. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are predictors of morbidity of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. In addition, reduced PF is associated with elevated chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, glucose metabolism, body fatness, and low muscle strength. It may suggest pleiotropic genetic effects between PF with these age-related factors.

Methods
We evaluated whether FEV1 and FVC share common pleiotropic genetic effects with interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, body mass index, muscle (grip) strength, plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin in 3 888 individuals (age range: 26–106). We employed sex-combined and sex-specific correlated meta-analyses to test whether combining genome-wide association p values from 2 or more traits enhances the ability to detect variants sharing effects on these correlated traits.

Results
We identified 32 loci for PF, including 29 novel pleiotropic loci associated with PF and (i) body fatness (CYP2U1/SGMS2), (ii) glucose metabolism (CBWD1/DOCK8 and MMUT/CENPQ), (iii) inflammatory markers (GLRA3/HPGD, TRIM9, CALN1, CTNNB1/ZNF621, GATA5/SLCO4A1/NTSR1, and NPVF/C7orf31/CYCS), and (iv) muscle strength (MAL2, AC008825.1/LINC02103, AL136418.1).

Conclusions
The identified genes/loci for PF and age-related traits suggest their underlying shared genetic effects, which can explain part of their phenotypic correlations. Integration of gene expression and genomic annotation data shows enrichment of our genetic variants in lung, blood, adipose, pancreas, and muscles, among others. Our findings highlight the critical roles of identified gene/locus in systemic inflammation, glucose metabolism, strength performance, PF, and pulmonary disease, which are involved in accelerated biological aging.
Chromosome-scale assembly and population diversity analyses provide insights into the evolution ofSapindus mukorossi
Authors: Xue Ting , Chen Duo , Zhang Tianyu , Chen Youqiang , Fan Huihua , Huang Yunpeng , Zhong Quanlin , Li Baoyin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSapindus mukorossi is an environmentally friendly plant and renewable energy source whose fruit has been widely used for biomedicine, biodiesel, and biological chemicals due to its richness in saponin and oil contents. Here, we report the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of S. mukorossi (covering ~391 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 24.66 Mb) and characterize its genetic architecture and evolution by resequencing 104 S. mukorossi accessions. Population genetic analyses showed that genetic diversity in the southwestern distribution area was relatively higher than that in the northeastern distribution area. Gene flow events indicated that southwest species may be the donor population for the distribution areas in China. Genome-wide selective sweep analysis showed that a large number of genes are involved in defense responses, growth and development, including SmRPS2, SmRPS4, SmRPS7, SmNAC2, SmNAC23, SmNAC102, SmWRKY6, SmWRKY26, and SmWRKY33. We also identified several candidate genes controlling six agronomic traits by genome-wide association studies, including SmPCBP2, SmbHLH1, SmCSLD1, SmPP2C, SmLRR-RKs, and SmAHP. Our study not only provides a rich genomic resource for further basic research on Sapindaceae woody trees but also identifies several economically significant genes for genomics-enabled improvements in molecular breeding.