bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job insecurity and mental health related outcomes among the humanitarian workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sultana Naznin , Asaduzzaman Md. , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Khatun Hafeza , Bari Farzana Sultana , Islam Md. Nazrul , Tabassum Arifa , Mondol Abdus Salam , Sayem Md. Abu , Abdullah Abu Yousuf Md , Hossain M. Pear , Biracyaza Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 remains a public health burden that has caused global economic crises, jeopardizing health, jobs, and livelihoods of millions of people around the globe. Several efforts have been made by several countries by implementing several health strategies to attenuate the spread of the pandemic. Although several studies indicated effects of COVID-19 on mental health and its associated factors, very little is known about the underlying mechanism of job insecurity, depression, anxiety, and stress in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of job insecurity and depression, anxiety, stress as well as the association between job insecurity, mental health outcomes also contributing determinants amongst humanitarian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Methods
We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study among 445 humanitarian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in six sub-districts of Cox’s bazar district of Bangladesh between April and May 2021. The questionnaire was composed of socio-demographic, lifestyle and work related factors. Psychometric instruments like job insecurity scale and depression, anxiety also stress scale (DASS-21) were employed to assess the level of job insecurity and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and stress). STATA software version 14 was employed to perform statistical analyses.

Results
The prevalence of job insecurity was 42%. The odds of job insecurity was higher in Kutubdia and Pekua (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.36, 7.22) Teknaf (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.33, 6.41), the impact of dissatisfaction on salary (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.49, 3.58) was evident with job insecurity. The prevalence of moderate to severe depression, anxiety and stress among humanitarian worker were (26%, 7%), (25%, 10%) and (15%, 7%) respectively. Further, the region of work, being female, marital status, work environment, and salary dissatisfaction were contributing factors for poor mental health outcomes. Those with job insecurity were almost 3 times more likely to experience depression (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.85, 4.04), anxiety (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.76, 3.71) and stress (AOR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.89, 4.26), respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight that job security remains essential to help tackle the severity of depression, anxiety and stress in humanitarian workers. The results reflected the critical importance of local and international NGOs addressing poor mental health conditions of their employees to prevent mental health outbreaks.
Characteristics of learning tasks in accounting textbooks: an AI assisted analysis
Authors: Stütz Simone , Berding Florian , Reincke Sven , Scheper Lena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTasks in accounting textbooks play a vital role when it comes to learning processes. However, hardly any empirical evidence on the quality of accounting tasks exists regarding accounting-relevant characteristics. This is why a new category system containing accounting-relevant aspects was developed to analyze a total of 3,361 tasks from 14 different German accounting textbooks. Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis were performed to assess task characteristics and identify relationships between categories. In addition, in light of the large number of tasks to be analyzed, AI assisted the content analysis, and its usefulness was evaluated. The results indicate that tasks are not sufficiently able to instill accounting competencies such as interpreting data, assessing the relevance of information, or identifying and solving underlying accounting problems. The findings further show that AI and human coding yield similar results in most categories, suggesting that AI assistance is useful for content analysis when evaluating a large number of tasks.
A novel Multi-Layer Attention Framework for visual description prediction using bidirectional LSTM
Authors: Naik Dinesh , Jaidhar C. D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe massive influx of text, images, and videos to the internet has recently increased the challenge of computer vision-based tasks in big data. Integrating visual data with natural language to generate video explanations has been a challenge for decades. However, recent experiments on image/video captioning that employ Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) have piqued the interest of researchers studying its possible application in video captioning. The proposed video captioning architecture combines the bidirectional multilayer LSTM (BiLSTM) encoder and unidirectional decoder. The innovative architecture also considers temporal relations when creating superior global video representations. In contrast to the majority of prior work, the most relevant features of a video are selected and utilized specifically for captioning purposes. Existing methods utilize a single-layer attention mechanism for linking visual input with phrase meaning. This approach employs LSTMs and a multilayer attention mechanism to extract characteristics from movies, construct links between multi-modal (words and visual material) representations, and generate sentences with rich semantic coherence. In addition, we evaluated the performance of the suggested system using a benchmark dataset for video captioning. The obtained results reveal superior performance relative to state-of-the-art works in METEOR and promising performance relative to the BLEU score. In terms of quantitative performance, the proposed approach outperforms most existing methodologies.
Development and validation of a new LC–MS/MS method for the determination of mefatinib in human plasma and its first application in pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Xu Yichao , Chen Jinliang , Shao Rong , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo , Lou Honggang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMefatinib (MET306) is a novel second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) designed to address the highly unmet clinical need of gefitinib-induced resistance and irreversibly bind to mutated tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determining MET306 in non-small cell lung cancer patients and a backpropagation artificial neural network was developed and constructed to predict the pharmacokinetic process. The mobile phase was water containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1, within a 4.5 min run time. MET306 was separated on a Hypersil Gold-C18 at 40 °C and subjected to mass analysis using positive electrospray ionization. A total of 524 data were used as development groups and 145 data were used as testing groups. The final established Northern Goshawk Optimization-Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (NGO-BPANN) model consisted of one input layer with 6 neurons, 1 hidden layer with 10 nodes, and 1 output layer with one node processed by MATLAB2021a.The calibration range of MET306 was 0.5–200 ng mL−1 with the correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.99. Accuracies ranged from 97.20 to 110.80% and the inter- and intra-assay precision were less than 15%. The ranges of extraction recoveries were 104.95% to 112.09% for analyte and internal standard and there was no significant matrix effect. The storage stability under different conditions was in accordance with the bioanalytical guidelines. The time-concentration profiles of the measured and predicted concentrations of MET306 by NGO-BPANN agree well. An NGO-BPANN model was developed to predict the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of MET306 in the first time.
Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians on antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Iran: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sami Ramin , Sadegh Raheleh , Fani Fataneh , Atashi Vajihe , Solgi Hamid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue. Physicians should play a key role to fight AMR, and medical education is a fundamental issue to combat it. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians regarding antibiotic prescription and antibiotic resistance is fundamental for controlling the irrational antibiotic use. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of physicians in Iran with respect to antibiotic resistance and usage.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed from June to October 2021 among physicians at primary care centers and academic hospitals in the region of Isfahan, Iran. A total of 182 physicians were surveyed. Participants were invited to complete a self-reported questionnaire (paper based or online questionnaire). The questions were based on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic usage and AMR. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software following the objective of the study.

Results
Out of 182 study participants, 100, 50 and 32 responders were medical doctors (MD), internist and other specialists, respectively. Regarding the knowledge section of the questionnaire, almost less than 10% of participants declared to know the antibiotics of Iran's antimicrobial stewardship program. Also, the percentage of participants who correctly responded to clinical quizzes was 23% for treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 59.3% about the treatment of severe sepsis, 22% about the intrinsic resistance of Proteus mirabilis and 43.4% for experimental treatment with vancomycin in community-acquired pneumonia. Regarding attitude, most participants (97.2%) were aware of the antimicrobial resistance problem in Iran, and 95.6% agreed that prescribing antimicrobials was not the appropriate in our country. Regarding practice, only 65.9% of participants said that before prescribing antibiotics they use of local and international antimicrobial therapy guidelines and less than 50% of physicians were in contact with a microbiology laboratory.

Conclusion
This data revealed that our physicians' level of knowledge about AMR and antimicrobial stewardship is poor, so there is the need to increase training on antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship.
Mesoscopic-scale grain formation in HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films and its impact on electrical characteristics
Authors: Kobayashi Masaharu , Wu Jixuan , Sawabe Yoshiki , Takuya Saraya , Hiramoto Toshiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFerroelectric memory devices are expected for low-power and high-speed memory applications. HfO2-based ferroelectric is attracting attention for its CMOS-compatibility and high scalability. Mesoscopic-scale grains, of which size is almost comparable to device size, are formed in HfO2-based ferroelectric poly-crystalline thin films, which largely influences electrical characteristics in memory devices. It is important to study the impact of mesoscopic-scale grain formation on the electrical characteristics. In this work, first, we have studied the thickness dependence of the polarization switching kinetics in HfO2-based ferroelectric. While static low-frequency polarization is comparable for different thickness, dynamic polarization switching speed is slower in thin Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) capacitors. Based on the analysis using the NLS model and physical characterization, thinner HZO contains smaller grains with orientation non-uniformity and more grain boundaries than thicker HZO, which can impede macroscopic polarization switching. We have also theoretically and experimentally studied the polar-axis alignment of a HfO2-based ferroelectric thin film. While in-plane polar orientation is stable in as-grown HZO, out-of-plane polarization can be dominant by applying electric field, which indicates the transition from in-plane polar to out-of-plane polar orientation in the ferroelectric phase grains. This is confirmed by calculating kinetic pathway using ab-initio calculation.
Vikrahraun—the 1961 basaltic lava flow eruption at Askja, Iceland: morphology, geochemistry, and planetary analogs
Authors: Blasizzo Aline Y. , Ukstins Ingrid A. , Scheidt Stephen P. , Graettinger Alison H. , Peate David W. , Carley Tamara L. , Moritz Adam J. , Thines Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine the morphology and chemistry of the Vikrahraun basaltic eruption emplaced at Askja Volcano, Iceland, from Oct. 26–Dec. 17, 1961. The eruption had three eruptive events, initiating with aʻa and followed by alternating aʻa and pahoehoe lava flow emplacement. We determine that while the eruption is chemically homogenous (Fe/Mg = 1.9–2.2, 47–52 wt.% SiO2), it demonstrates transitions from high to low viscosity lava flow morphologies. Aʻa flows have a total crystallinity (phenocryst and microlite abundance by area) ranging from 85–100%, which increases by 1% per km from the vents, while pahoehoe flows range from 55–86% and increase at a higher rate of 5% per km. Vesicularity systematically decreases with distance from the vent by 3% per km. Pahoehoe and vent samples have calculated temperatures 50 °C higher than aʻa samples, which we interpret to be due to the difference between tube fed pahoehoe and open channel aʻa lavas. The homogenous nature of the Vikrahraun lava makes it an excellent testbed to study the effects of observational scale and satellite resolution on the interpretation of surficial textures. Festoons, which are downslope pointed convex ridges from 1 to 5 m high and ~ 10 m long, are observed in event 2 aʻa lavas in satellite imagery and topographic profiles. Features of this scale have previously only been documented in terrestrial rhyolitic lavas, leading planetary researchers to infer that festooned lava flows on Venus and Mars may be silicic. The diverse morphologies and homogenous composition make Vikrahraun an important planetary analog, where morphological complexity is over-attributed to chemical variation and suggests the need to re-evaluation planetary lava flow interpretations.
Graphical Abstract
In vivo measurement of three-dimensional load exerted on dental implants: a literature review
Authors: Assoratgoon Itt , Yoda Nobuhiro , Iwamoto Maya , Sato Tomoya , Kawata Tetsuo , Egusa Hiroshi , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
For biomechanical consideration of dental implants, an understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) load exerted on the implant is essential, but little information is available on the in vivo load, including the measuring devices.

Purpose
This review aimed to evaluate studies that used specific load-measuring devices that could be mounted on an implant to measure the functional load in vivo.

Materials and methods
An electronic search utilizing the internet research databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed. The articles were chosen by two authors based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
In all, 132 studies were selected from the database search, and 16 were selected from a manual search. Twenty-three studies were finally included in this review after a complete full-text evaluation. Eleven studies were related to the force measurements using the strain gauges, and 12 were related to the piezoelectric force transducer. The principles of the two types of devices were completely different, but the devices produced comparable outcomes. The dynamics of the load magnitude and direction on the implant during function were clarified, although the number of participants in each study was small.

Conclusions
The load exerted on the implant during function was precisely measured in vivo using specific measuring devices, such as strain gauges or piezoelectric force transducers. The in vivo load data enable us to determine the actual biomechanical status in more detail, which might be useful for optimization of the implant prosthetic design and development of related materials. Due to the limited data and difficulty of in vivo measurements, the development of a new, simpler force measurement device and method might be necessary.
Thinness among children aged 5–17 years living in Nakivale refugee settlement, South Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Namubiru Teddy , Mbabazi Nestor , Namirembe Terry , Lugobe Henry Mark , Musiime Victor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Hunger and malnutrition are rampant among refugees and displaced populations, many of whom are infants and children. We sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with thinness among children aged 5–17 years living in Nakivale refugee settlement, Isingiro district, southwestern Uganda.

Methods
This was a cross sectional study that enrolled 420 children aged 5 to 17 years. The World Health Organization cluster sampling was used to select 30 villages from which 14 households were selected by consecutive sampling and participants were then chosen per household by simple random sampling. Data were collected on the participant socio-demographic, family, dietary, medical, hygiene and refugee status factors. Thinness was defined as having a z-score < -2 standard deviations of Body Mass Index-for-age from the median WHO growth standards. The prevalence of thinness was determined by ascertaining the total number of children with thinness over the total number of children studied. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors independently associated with thinness with p < 0.05 level of significance.

Results
A total of 420 children aged 5–17 years were enrolled into the study. The median age (IQR) was 8.6 (6.8–11.8) and majority 248 (59.1%) were female. The prevalence of thinness was 5.5% (95% CI: 3.7-8.1%). The factors independently associated with thinness were; living with a chronic disease (aOR 6.47, 95%CI; 1.63–24.64, p = 0.008), use of water from natural sources (aOR 3.32, 95%CI; 1.27–8.71, p = 0.015), and duration of stay in the settlement of less or equal to 10 years (aOR 3.19, 95%CI; 1.15–8.83, p = 0.025).

Conclusion
Five in every 100 children aged 5–17 years in Nakivale refugee settlement have thinness. Thinness was more likely among children who are living with a chronic disease, used water from natural sources and those whose families had stayed shorter in the settlement. Our findings suggest that children with chronic disease should receive extra food supplementation and have routine growth monitoring as part of their chronic care. The study reiterates a need to have clean and safe water supply and close nutrition assessment and monitoring, especially for newly registered refugee children.
Using human factors principles to redesign a 3D lab workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Larsen Ethan P. , Silvestro Elizabeth , Ferro Daria F. , Chinwalla Asif , Oppenheimer Natalie , Rogers Sarah , Sze Raymond W. , Winston Flaura K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Like most hospitals, our hospital experienced COVID-19 pandemic-related supply chain shortages. Our additive manufacturing lab’s capacity to offset these shortages was soon overwhelmed, leading to a need to improve the efficiency of our existing workflow. We undertook a work system analysis guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) construct which is based on human factors and quality improvement principles. Our objective was to understand the inefficiencies in project submission, review, and acceptance decisions, and make systematic improvements to optimize lab operations.

Methods
Contextual inquiry (interviews and workflow analysis) revealed suboptimal characteristics of the system, specifically, reliance on a single person to facilitate work and, at times, fractured communication with project sponsors, with root causes related to the project intake and evaluation process as identified through SEIPS tools. As interventions, the analysis led us to: 1) enhance an existing but underused project submission form, 2) design and implement an internal project scorecard to standardize evaluation of requests, and 3) distribute the responsibility of submission evaluation across lab members. We implemented these interventions in May 2021 for new projects and compare them to our baseline February 1, 2018 through – April 30, 2021 performance (1184 days).

Results
All project requests were submitted using the enhanced project submission form and all received a standardized evaluation with the project scorecard. Prior to interventions, we completed 35/79 (44%) of projects, compared to 12/20 (60%) of projects after interventions were implemented. Time to review new submissions was reduced from an average of 58 days to 4 days. A more distributed team responsibility structure permitted improved workflow with no increase in staffing, allowing the Lab Manager to devote more time to engineering rather than administrative/decision tasks.

Conclusions
By optimizing our workflows utilizing a human factors approach, we improved the work system of our additive manufacturing lab to be responsive to the urgent needs of the pandemic. The current workflow provides insights for labs aiming to meet the growing demand for point-of-care manufacturing.
Transitions from pediatric to adult rheumatology care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a patient led qualitative study
Authors: Currie Gillian R. , Harris M. , McClinton L. , Trehan N. , Van Dusen A. , Shariff M. , Kuzmyn T. , Marshall D. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a childhood autoimmune disease that causes swelling and pain in at least one joint. Young people with JIA experience symptoms that persist into adulthood, and thus will undergo a transition including the o transfer of care from a pediatric rheumatologist an adult rheumatologist. Missing from the literature is research that centres the transition experience of young people with JIA in Canada. This goal of this patient-led research was to explore the experience young people with JIA through the process of transition.

Methods
Qualitative study using the Patient and Community Engaged Research (PaCER) approach. Trained patient-researchers conducted three focus groups using the Set, Collect and Reflect PaCER process. Participants, recruited via purposive and snowball sampling using research/personal networks and social media, were young people with JIA in Canada between 18 and 28 years who had experienced with the process of transition to adult care. Recordings were transcribed verbatim. Patient researchers individually coded overlapping sections of the data, and thematic analysis was conducted.

Results
In total, nine individuals participated in one or more focus groups. Three themes were identified, with sub-themes: preparedness for transition (readiness for the transfer of care, developing self-advocacy skills), continuity and breadth of care (changing relationships, culture shock, new responsibilities), need for support (social support, mental health support, and ongoing support needs – beyond the transfer of care. Peer support was a connecting concept in the support sub-themes. Transition was more than a change in primary physician but also a change in the care model and breadth of care provided, which was challenging for young people especially if they had insufficient information.

Conclusions
Transition from pediatric to adult care in rheumatology is a significant period for young people living with JIA, and this patient-led study provided insight into the experience from the perspective of young people with JIA which is critical to informing the development of supports for patients through the process. Patients, caregivers, pediatric and adult rheumatologists and members of the multi-disciplinary care team need to collaborate in terms of resources preparing for transfer, and support throughout the transition process to ensure a successful transition process.