bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody‐plant mortality
Authors: McDowell Nate G. , Ball Marilyn , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Kirwan Matthew L. , Krauss Ken W. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Mencuccini Maurizio , Ward Nicholas D. , Weintraub Michael N. , Bailey Vanessa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObservations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This knowledge deficiency, combined with rapidly changing water levels, storm surges, atmospheric CO2, and vapor pressure deficit, creates large predictive uncertainty regarding how coastal ecosystems will respond to global change. Here, we synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody‐plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework. The key emergent mechanisms underlying mortality include hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic‐driven reductions in whole‐plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. The relative importance of these processes in driving mortality, their order of progression, and their degree of coupling depends on the characteristics of the anomalous water exposure, on topographic effects, and on taxa‐specific variation in traits and trait acclimation. Greater inundation exposure could accelerate mortality globally; however, the interaction of changing inundation exposure with elevated CO2, drought, and rising vapor pressure deficit could influence mortality likelihood. Models of coastal forests that incorporate the frequency and duration of inundation, the role of climatic drivers, and the processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation can yield improved estimates of inundation‐induced woody‐plant mortality.
Closing an open balance: The impact of increased tree harvest on forest carbon
Authors: Soimakallio Sampo , Böttcher Hannes , Niemi Jari , Mosley Fredric , Turunen Sara , Hennenberg Klaus Josef , Reise Judith , Fehrenbach Horst 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFossil‐based emissions can be avoided by using wood in place of non‐renewable raw materials as energy and materials. However, wood harvest influences forest carbon stocks. Increased harvest may reduce the overall climate benefit of wood use significantly, but is widely overlooked. We reviewed selected simulation studies and compared differences in forest carbon and amount of wood harvested between harvest scenarios of different intensities for three different time perspectives: short‐ (1–30 years), mid‐ (31–70 years), and long‐term (71–100 years). Out of more than 450 reviewed studies 45 provided adequate data. Our results show that increased harvest reduces carbon stocks over 100 years in temperate and boreal forests by about 1.6 (stdev 0.9) tC per tC harvested (referred to as carbon balance indicator (CBI)). CBI proved to be robust when outliers explicitly influenced by factors other than changes in the harvest rate, such as fertilization or increase in forest area, were removed. The carbon impacts tend to be greatest in the mid‐term, but no significant difference in was found for average values between short and long time‐horizons. CBI can be interpreted as carbon opportunity costs of wood harvest in forests. Our results indicate that even after 100 years, CBI is significant compared to the typical GHG credits expected in the technosphere by avoiding fossil emissions in substitution and increasing carbon stocks in harvested wood products. Our estimates provide typical values that can directly be included in GHG balances of products or assessments of mitigation policies and measures related to wood use. However, more systematic scenarios with transparent information on influencing factors for forest carbon stocks are required to provide better constrained estimates for specific forest types.
Clinical conditions and risk factors for inhibitor‐development in patients with haemophilia: A decade‐long prospective cohort study in Japan, J‐HIS2 (Japan Hemophilia Inhibitor Study 2)
Authors: Nogami Keiji , Taki Masashi , Matsushita Tadashi , Kojima Tetsuhito , Oka Toshiaki , Ohga Shouichi , Kawakami Kiyoshi , Sakai Michio , Suzuki Takashi , Higasa Satoshi , Horikoshi Yasuo , Shinozawa Keiko , Tamura Shogo , Yada Koji , Imaizumi Masue , Ohtsuka Yoshitoshi , Iwasaki Fuminori , Kobayashi Masao , Takamatsu Junki , Takedani Hideyuki , Nakadate Hisaya , Matsuo Yoko , Matsumoto Takeshi , Fujii Teruhisa , Fukutake Katsuyuki , Shirahata Akira , Yoshioka Akira , Shima Midori ,   the J‐HIS2 study group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInhibitor‐development is a serious complication in patients with haemophilia (PwH). Previous studies reported that therapeutic and genetic factors could be associated with these alloantibodies. Relevant clinical features such as genetic‐background and different treatment regimens in Japan remain unclear, however.AimsTo analyse a nation‐wide Japanese registry for PwH, and to examine risk factors for inhibitor‐development.Methods and resultsNewly diagnosed patients with haemophilia A (PwHA) or haemophilia B (PwHB) without inhibitors after 2007, and with treatment records traceable from 0 to 75 exposure days (ED), were enrolled in the Japan Hemophilia Inhibitor Study 2 (J‐HIS2) initiated in 2008. Of 417 patients (340 PwHA, 77 PwHB) from 46 facilities, 83 (76 PwHA, 7 PwHB) were recorded with inhibitors by July 2020. Inhibitors were observed in 31.0% of severe PwHA, 8.0% moderate and 1.6% mild and in 17.1% of severe PwHB. The majority of inhibitors (89.7% in severe PwHA and 71.4% in severe PwHB) were detected on or before 25ED (median 12ED in PwHA and 19ED in PwHB). Genotyping in these severe patients identified an association between inhibitor‐development and null variants of F8 (P < .01) or F9 (P < .05). A lower incidence of inhibitors was recorded in severe PwHA treated with prophylaxis than in those treated on‐demand (P < .01). A past‐history of intracranial‐haemorrhage appeared to be associated with inhibitor‐development, while FVIII‐concentrates infusion and routine vaccination on the same day was not related to inhibitor‐development.ConclusionThe J‐HIS2 study has identified significant clinical variables associated with inhibitor‐development in Japanese PwH, consistent with other global studies.
The protective effect of a novel sunscreen against blue light
Authors: Francois‐Newton Veronique , Kolanthan Vimi Lutchmanen , Mandary Madiiha Bibi , Philibert Evans Georges , Soobramaney Vitisha , Petkar Gitanjali , Sokeechand Bibi Nusayha , Hosenally Muzzammil , Cavagnino Andrea , Baraibar Martin Andres , Ng Sue Phay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivePremature skin ageing, and skin hyperpigmentation are influenced by exogenous factors, such as ultraviolet radiation and blue light. In this study, we assess the protective effect of a sunscreen (TDF® Blu Voile Sunscreen) in protecting the skin against the harmful effects of blue light irradiation in vivo and through the in situ quantitative and qualitative evaluation of protein carbonylation in human skin explants.MethodologyThe protective effect of the test product against blue light was first evaluated ex vivo on human skin explants. The treated and non‐treated explants were exposed to 14 J/cm2 of blue light 460 nm following which the protein carbonylation was evaluated by in situ epifluorescence imaging and separation by high‐resolution gel electrophoresis. To determine whether the test product could also protect against the immediate and persistent pigmenting effect of blue light, two randomized in vivo studies were conducted, which included respectively 17 subjects with a skin phototype of IV and V (Fitzpatrick classification) and 22 subjects with a skin phototype of IV, V, and VI (Fitzpatrick classification). The duration of the study for each subject was 2 days (D1 and D2) for immediate observations and 5 days (D1–D5) for persistent observations. Specific zones on the subjects' back were either left non‐treated or treated with the test product and were then exposed to a unique dose of blue light 415 nm. The onset of pigmentation between the treated and exposed zones was then assessed relative to the non‐exposed treated zone through colorimetric measurements of the Individual Typology Angle (ITAo).ResultsHuman skin explants treated with test product showed significantly lower levels of accumulated carbonylated proteins, with a protection of 82%, following exposure to blue light 460 nm. Findings of the in vivo studies also indicated that the test product presented significantly better protective efficacy against immediate and persistent pigmentation induced by blue light 415 nm.ConclusionHence, it can be concluded that the test product can protect against the oxidative stress as well as the immediate and persistent pigmentation induced by blue light.
Comparison of high‐pressure processing, ultrasound and heat treatments on the qualities of a gallic acid copigmented blueberry–grape–pineapple–cantaloupe juice blend
Authors: Bi Xiufang , Ning Nan , Wang Xiaoqiong , Li Mingyuan , Xing Yage , Che Zhenming 
Published: June 2022

SummaryA blueberry–grape–pineapple–cantaloupe juice blend was copigmented with gallic acid (GA) firstly and treated by high‐pressure processing (HPP) at 550 MPa, 25 °C for 5 min, ultrasound (US) at 520 W, 40 °C for 10 min, or heat treatment (HT) at 90 °C for 3 min to determine their influence on its physicochemical qualities. The shelf lives of HPP‐, US‐ and HT‐juice blends were 72, 48 and 88 days, respectively. The total anthocyanins (ACs), ascorbic acid and total phenols content in juice blends treated by HPP, US and HT did not change immediately after treatment or during the first 16 days' storage. However, after the three treatments, the total ACs, ascorbic acid and total phenols content in juice blends decreased in the following order after 16 days: US > HPP > HT. The HPP‐ and US‐treated juices were superior to the HT‐treated juices regarding flavour, and in the preservation of more types and relative content of esters and aldehydes. In conclusion, GA improved the total ACs and ascorbic acid stability in the juice, while the flavour of the HPP‐ and US‐treated juices surpasses that of HT‐treated juice. Therefore, the HPP treatment was deemed to be more advantageous and had greater market potential for short‐term storage.
Partial hydrolysis of waxy rice starch by maltogenic α‐amylase to regulate its structures, rheological properties and digestibility
Authors: Wang Yanli , Bai Yuxiang , Dong Jingjing , Ji Hangyan , Liu Jialin , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAlthough different types of starch have been modified with maltogenic α‐amylase (MGA), its behaviour on waxy rice starch (WRS) remains obscure. This study aimed to modify cooked WRS with high concentration using MGA. The molecular weight of WRS decreased from 1.8 × 107 to 4.1 × 106 Da due to the exo–endo activity of MGA, while a high proportion of short branch chain and branching degree were generated as the degrees of hydrolysis (DH) increased. Intriguingly, no retrogradation occurred for the hydrolysates, even at DH 4.65%. Rheology reveal that the hydrolysate systems exhibited better fluidity and thixotropy. Furthermore, the resistant starch content of cooked WRS was elevated by 10.43% after MGA modification. The results indicate that MGA‐modified WRS was superior to other starches that have been reported in terms of inhibition of retrogradation and resistant starch content. Our data demonstrate the potential of enzyme‐based protocol for WRS modification using MGA alone to acquire clean and functional starch.
Luminal bacteria coated with IgA and IgG during intestinal inflammation as a new and abundant stimulus for colonic macrophages
Authors: Maccio‐Maretto Lisa , Piqueras Virginia , Barrios Bibiana E. , Romagnoli Pablo A. , Denning Timothy L. , Correa Silvia G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the gut, secretory immunoglobulin A is the predominant humoral response against commensals, although healthy hosts also produce microbiota‐specific IgG antibodies. During intestinal inflammation, the content of IgG in the lumen increases along with the proportion of commensal bacteria coated with this antibody, suggesting signalling through the IgG‐CD64 axis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. In this work, we evaluated day by day the frequency of faecal bacteria coated with IgA and IgG during the development of DSS colitis. We studied the phenotype and phagocytic activity of F4/80+CD64+ colonic macrophages, as well as the production of cytokines and nitric oxide by lamina propria or bone marrow‐derived macrophages after stimulation with IgA+, IgG+ and IgA+IgG+ bacteria. We found that the percentage of faecal IgA+IgG+ double‐coated bacteria increased rapidly during DSS colitis. Also, analysis of the luminal content of mice with colitis showed a markedly superior ability to coat fresh bacteria. IgA+IgG+ bacteria were the most potent stimulus for phagocytic activity involving CD64 and Dectin‐1 receptors. IgA+IgG+ bacteria observed during the development of DSS colitis could represent a new marker to monitor permeability and inflammatory progression. The interaction of IgA+IgG+ bacteria with CD64+F4/80+ macrophages could be part of the complex cascade of events in colitis. Interestingly, after stimulation, CD64+ colonic macrophages showed features similar to those of restorative macrophages that are relevant for tissue repair and healing.
Peritoneal GATA6+ macrophage drives hepatic immunopathogenesis and maintains the Treg cell niche in the liver
Authors: Chang Hao , Ni Yangyue , Shen Chunxiang , Li Chen , He Kaiyue , Zhu Xinyi , Chen Lin , Chen Lu , Qiu Jingfan , Ji Yong , Hou Min , Ji Minjun , Xu Zhipeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe source of macrophages that contribute to human liver disease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional mechanism of peritoneal macrophages in the development of hepatic immunopathology. By performing the natural infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) and the chemically carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver injured mouse model, we identified the peritoneal cavity as an essential source of hepatic macrophages. Here, we show that a large number of F4/80+ macrophages was accumulated in the peritoneal cavity during liver injury. An unknown source population of macrophages, which highly expressed GATA6 that is specific to peritoneal macrophages, was found to exist in the injured livers. Peritoneal macrophage deletion by injection with clodronate‐containing liposomes led to an attenuated hepatic pathology and the inflammatory microenvironment, while adoptive transfer of macrophages into the abdominal cavity, by contrast, results in restoring liver pathology. Importantly, there are set genes of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 that are highly related to recruit GATA6+ macrophages during S. japonicum infection, while administration of bindarit, a selective inhibitor of MCPs synthesis, dramatically decreased the hepatic expression of GATA6+ macrophages and thus attenuated hepatic pathology. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that peritoneal macrophages promote hepatic immunopathology is dependent on the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the liver. Altogether, these data provide the first clear evidence that GATA6+ peritoneal macrophages play critical roles in both the formation of hepatic immunopathology and the accumulation of Tregs cells.
A multicolor‐emitted phosphor for temperature sensing and multimode dynamic anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Tang Yangmin , Deng Mingxue , Zhou Zhenzhen , Wang Jiacheng , Liu Qian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe charge carrier capture phosphors for multifunctional integrated applications are gaining popularity these days. The realization of multiple optical properties often requires complex modulation processes, such as multiple ions doping and matrix substitution. Herein, we designed a single‐doped Ba0.99Ga2O4:0.01Bi phosphor with two emission peaks of 500 and 610 nm, both of which have different responses when changing temperatures (298–473 K). Theoretical calculations combined with experimental studies imply that the dopant Bi3+ ions occupy regular Ba sites and the vacancy‐surrounded Ba sites, which act as luminescence centers. Meanwhile, doping‐induced and defects can operate as traps to store carriers that could be released and migrate toward specific luminescent centers under thermal disturbance. This phosphor shows excellent absolute sensitivity toward optical temperature sensing (Sa = 3.4% K−1). We also offered a quadruple anti‐counterfeiting application show based on the multicolor emission behavior of Ba0.99Ga2O4:0.01Bi with photostimulated luminescence at room temperature, different photoluminescent colors at room and high temperatures, as well as afterglow colors from yellow to green. This work stimulates the exploration of modulating the luminescence centers and trap levels to construct multifunctional fluorescent materials.
Bubble behaviors in chemical direct foaming process and effects on pore structures of geopolymer foams
Authors: Zhang Xuhao , Zhang Xiao , Li Xianghui , Ma Minghui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeopolymer foams (GPFs) are considered potential candidates for the highly porous ceramics owing to their high porosity and simple synthesis. In this study, bubble behaviors during different phases of the foaming process and their effects on the pore structure of molded GPFs were examined. The foaming reaction characteristics in a foaming system containing H2O2 were adjusted based on variables, such as catalyst content, temperature, activator‐to‐precursor ratio, and surfactant content. The viscosity of the slurry was also measured under different experimental conditions. Bubble behaviors were determined by characterizing the change in the gas volume in the slurry and the pore structure of the molded GPFs. Different pore structures will be realized by adjusting the relationship between the extrusion effect and liquid film properties in the various foaming phases.
Corporate Governance versus Real Governance∗
Authors: Gilson Ronald J. 
Published: June 2022

The rough coincidence of the 50th anniversary of Milton Friedman's Sunday New York Times Magazine article, “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” with today's movement advocating broader corporate purpose than maximizing shareholder value and stressing the public corporation's obligation to other stakeholders raises the questions: to whom is the corporation accountable and for what? This essay broadly distinguishes different governance structures that oversee the corporation's allocation and distributive decisions: on the one hand, how it goes about allocating investor capital and creating value; and on the other, whether it chooses to distribute the value it creates to stakeholders in ways that differ from the outcomes that would result from the labor and other various factor markets through which stakeholders provide their contributions. This distinction serves to underscore the difference between corporate governance, which effectively allocates accountability for the profitability of the corporation's business to the market, and real governance, which vests accountability for distributive decisions ultimately in elected officials.The author posts a warning against those who view today's purpose‐driven governance movement as a call for a shift back to a system of management and corporate governance that Alfred Chandler, in his iconic history of the development of the structure of large U.S. corporations, labeled “managerial capitalism.” Such a solution, as Chandler's chronicles should warn us, are likely to leave us confronting the same problem with which his managerial capitalism left us: the replacement of the invisible hand of markets with the visible hand of a management hierarchy. And this in turn forces us back to the hard question: what systems hold Chandler's management hierarchy accountable for its performance? The author argues that corporate governance and markets should continue to hold management accountable for creating efficiency and value, and that real governance, and ultimately the electorate, continue to be responsible—and if anything, assume greater responsibility—for “redistributive” decisions that override factor market allocations.
Building Investor Trust in Net Zero
Authors: Babcock Ariel , He Allen , Ramani Veena 
Published: June 2022

In the past five years, a growing number of investors have been taking more serious account of climate change in their investment decision‐making. Meanwhile, companies have been responding by making bold net zero commitments. But if it seems reasonable to expect that companies making such commitments would see a subsequent market reaction, the authors' recent analysis found no significant abnormal stock price reaction in the days immediately following a corporate net zero announcement.One interpretation of this lack of investors' response is that it reflects their skepticism and desire to see more evidence of planning and execution, including details of changes in capital allocation plans. Climate transition planning could be the missing piece in this puzzle.In 2019, FCLTGlobal issued a report called “Driving the Conversation: Long‐term Roadmaps for Long‐term Success,” which provided a tool to help corporations when building long‐term strategic plans. In this article the authors extend that reporting framework by presenting the outlines of its new “Climate Transition Conversation Guide.” Designed to help companies develop a robust climate transition plan that is integrally linked with their long‐term strategy, the Guide addresses a number of important questions about how key pillars of the business are likely to affect—and be affected by—climate change:
How does climate change affect the way that the company intends to create value now and in the future?
How does climate change impact the company's core drivers of growth, competitive environment, and management's view of the market?
What goals and KPIs would best showcase the integration of climate into the company's strategic plan?
How does climate change affect the company's capital allocation plans?
How has climate change been reflected in the company's risk management efforts?
Is the company structured to allow for the integration of climate change into its strategic plan at all levels?
By integrating climate change into their long‐term strategic plans—and perhaps drawing inspiration from some of the corporate best practices showcased in this article—companies are urged to begin the process of making good on their bold climate commitments with plans for action, thereby helping investors to move past their skepticism and recognize and support the plans.