bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Toxicological Risk Assessment (TRA) of Total Chromium Impurities in Menthae piperitae tinctura (Mentha x piperita L., folium) Available in Polish Pharmacies Including Regulatory Approaches with Special Emphasis of Cr Speciation and Genotoxicity
Authors: Jurowski Kamil , Krośniak Mirosław 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChromium is pharmacologically active and is not an essential element but is still very intriguing and demanding from the point of view of toxicological risk assessment. Especially as an elemental impurity in final pharmaceuticals. The aim of this article is toxicological risk assessment (TRA) of total Cr impurities in Menthae piperitae tinctura (Mentha x piperita L., folium) available in Polish pharmacies including triple approach. Obtained raw/basal results shows that impurities of total Cr impurities were present in all investigated pharmaceutical with Mentha x piperita L., folium. but at a relatively low level (in the range: 0.39–2.14 µg/L). The regulatory strategy based on the ICH Q3D (R1) elemental impurities guidelines confirms that all the requirements of the analyzed products meet the European Medicine Agency (EMA) requirements. Obtained results obtained show that the estimated maximum daily exposure to Cr (ng/day) are variable between the samples (0.521–3.792 ng/day), but at a relatively low level (< 4.0 ng/day).The final step confirms the safety of analyzed pharmaceuticals, because the comparison of the estimated results with the oral PDE value for Cr in final drugs suggested by the ICH Q3D guideline (10,700 µg/day) show that all the products are below this value. The approach based on the margin of exposure (MoE) for children and adults also confirms the safety of all the products with Mentha x piperita L., (in all cases MoE >  > 10 000). It can be concluded that all the samples analyzed should not represent any health hazard to patients due to Cr impurities. To our knowledge, this is the first study about application of comprehensive TRA of total Cr impurities in phytopharmaceuticals with Mentha x piperita L., folium available in European pharmacies. Additionally, we confirm the safety of Cr impurities by applying triple regulatory strategy without the application of an expansive and demanding HPLC-ICP-MS technique for Cr speciation.
SCFAs Ameliorate Chronic Postsurgical Pain–Related Cognition Dysfunction via the ACSS2-HDAC2 Axis in Rats
Authors: Li Zhen , Sun Tianning , He Zhigang , Li Zhixiao , Zhang Wencui , Wang Jie , Xiang Hongbing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatients with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) frequently exhibit comorbid cognitive deficits. Recent observations have emphasized the critical effects of gut microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in regulating cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions remain unclear. According to hierarchical clustering and 16S rRNA analysis, over two-thirds of the CPSP rats had cognitive impairment, and the CPSP rats with cognitive impairment had an aberrant composition of gut SCFA-producing bacteria. Then, using feces microbiota transplantation, researchers identified a causal relationship between cognitive-behavioral and microbic changes. Similarly, the number of genera that generated SCFAs was decreased in the feces from recipients of cognitive impairment microbiota. Moreover, treatment with the SCFAs alleviated the cognitive-behavioral deficits in the cognitively compromised pain rats. Finally, we observed that SCFA supplementation improved histone acetylation and abnormal synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal CA1, and central amygdala (CeA) area via the ACSS2 (acetyl-CoA synthetase2)-HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) axis. These findings link pain-related cognition dysfunction, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids, shedding fresh insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of pain-associated cognition dysfunction.
„Wohlfahrtsstaat und Infrastruktur – das Soziale organisieren“
Authors: Leitner Sigrid 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer deutsche Sozialstaat organisiert soziale Sicherung traditionell auf zwei höchst unterschiedliche Weisen: Zum einen über die erwerbsarbeitszentrierten staatlichen Sozialversicherungen, die typische Risiken im Lebenslauf für alle Erwerbstätigen und ihre Familien absichern, zum anderen über eine bedarfsgeprüfte Existenzsicherung und individualisierte Hilfen im Einzelfall. Diese wohlfahrtsstaatliche Komplementärkonstruktion ist durch sozioökonomische Veränderungsprozesse unter Druck geraten: Ein verringertes Wirtschaftswachstum, steigende Arbeitslosigkeit und die Alterung der Gesellschaft führten zu steigenden Ausgaben in der Sozialpolitik, die nicht durch ein entsprechendes Einnahmenwachstum kompensiert werden konnten. Sowohl das Sozialversicherungs- als auch das Grundsicherungssystem wurde entsprechend angepasst, wobei es nicht nur um die Kürzung von Sozialleistungen ging, sondern auch die normativen Sicherungsziele neu ausgerichtet wurden. Der reformierte Sozialstaat setzt auf Aktivierung, Eigenverantwortung und Selbstbestimmung – und zwar in allen Bereichen. Damit stellt sich auch grundsätzlich die Frage, inwiefern der deutsche Wohlfahrtsstaat in seiner Gesamtheit noch in der Lage ist, soziale Problemlagen aufzufangen. Aus einer ganzheitlichen Perspektive wird dafür plädiert, die Fragmentierung des sozialen Sicherungssystems zu überwinden und auf Basis von konkreten Problemkonstellationen die Organisation des Sozialen neu zu denken.
Compositing of Coffee Silverskin with Carbon Rich Materials Leads to High Quality Soil Amendments
Authors: Picca Giuseppe , Plaza César , Madejón Engracia , Panettieri Marco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Coffee silverskin (CS) is the integument covering the raw coffee bean, representing the primary waste product of the coffee-roasting industry. Despite the growing attention in seeking potential reuse of this material, the majority of CS is commonly used as a firelighter or discharged to landfills. The study aimed to test co-composting as a low-cost solution that meets the circular economy paradigms proposed by the European Union.

Methods
Four composting mixtures were prepared mixing CS with pruning waste and biochar at different ratios, aiming to maximize the amount of compostable CS per batch and monitored for 60 days.

Results
The contents of macro-, micro- and trace elements of the final composts matched the strictest requirements of the Spanish national regulation on compost quality (Class A amendments), proving that CS composts area high-value amendment rich in N and K.
Despite the highly phytotoxic effect of CS raw material, the seed germination tests showed that all the mature composts exhibited phytostimulant properties allowing their harmless application to the soil. The four composts had a high water holding capacity (237–351% dw) and they are likely to promote the persistence of plant-available water in the soil.

Conclusion
The present study showed that composting the whole CS produced in Europe would lead to a recovery of 2420–3481 tons of nitrogen and 1873 tons of potassium, reducing the dependency on mineral fertilizers, thus meeting the growing demand for sustainable and low-cost amendments.

Graphical Abstract
The Doxastic Heuristic and the Consequence Account of the Epistemic Side-Effect Effect
Authors: Paprzycka-Hausman Katarzyna , Maćkiewicz Bartosz , Kuś Katarzyna , Zaręba Marta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe discuss two philosophical explanations of the epistemic side-effect effect: the doxastic heuristic account (Alfano et al. The Monist 95 (2): 264–289, 2012) and the consequence account (Paprzycka-Hausman Synthese 197: 5457–5490, 2020). We argue that the doxastic heuristic account has problems with explaining knowledge attributions in cases where the probability that the side effect will occur is low and where the side effect does not ultimately occur. It can explain why there is a difference between the harm and the help cases but it cannot explain why people are willing to attribute knowledge in the harm cases. Such attributions can be explained on the consequence account, which takes knowledge attributions in norm-violation cases to be due to the increased salience of a consequence-awareness claim (knowledge that a possible consequence of the chairman’s action is that the environment would be harmed). We report the results of a new study that tests the predictions of both accounts. In some conditions, people attribute knowledge of the side effect even in cases where the chairman does not have the relevant belief. This result directly contradicts the central tenet of the doxastic heuristic account. Linear regression models of knowledge attribution that correspond to the two accounts were compared. The addition of different justification options significantly contributes to the predictive power of the statistical model. The consequence account can explain the pattern of justifications better than the doxastic heuristic account. Our findings support the consequence account and pose a challenge to the proponents of the doxastic heuristic account.
Some Thoughts on AI Stimulated by Michael Wooldridge’s Book “The Road to Conscious Machines. The Story of AI”
Authors: Bodmer W. F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFollowing a brief over view of the contents of Michael Wooldridge's book I give an account of my own background in computing and AI. I then cover a range of topics stimulated by reading the book including machine learning's relationship to AI, applications to medical areas, the need to consider probabilistic effects on decisions, the importance of self-reproduction and whether AI can be made moral. I finish with a discussion of the mind–brain relationship and what makes us human.
Status and Social Capital: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Investigation of Flood Survivors in South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Siddique , Safdar Muhammad Rizwan , Yousaf Farhan Navid , Aldrich Daniel P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA growing body of evidence underscores that social capital mitigates the impact of natural hazards such as floods. But we know less about the distribution of social ties in developing countries regularly hit by shocks. Our study examined the differences between demographic groups in South Punjab, Pakistan affected by the 2010 floods, comparing respondents’ levels of social capital measured through proxies such as received social support, perceived community cohesion, accessibility to leadership, and general level of trust. We carried out univariate and multivariate analyses of factors including gender, education, occupation, landholding, family size, annual income, number of livestock, and home stability. Using data collected in face-to-face interviews with 450 flood survivors, our analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the flood victims’ scores on all four scales based on gender and family size. However, education, occupation, landholding, annual income, and home stability statistically correlated with levels of social capital. Respondents with high levels of education, high levels of land, higher home stability, and a government job typically had higher scores in all four measurements of social ties. Our results show strong inequality in the distribution of social capital, with better connections and assistance coming to those who already have better socioeconomic positions in society.
Cannabisgebrauch bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Skala Katrin , Trabi Thomas , Fuchs Martin , Gössler Ralf , Haas-Stockmair Christian-Wilhelm , Kriechbaumer Nicole , Leitner Monika , Ortner Nora , Reiter Melanie , Müller Christian , Wladika Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Cannabis ist die, von österreichischen Jugendlichen am häufigsten konsumierte, illegalisierte Droge. Aufgrund der, in den letzten Jahren erfolgten schrittweise Entkriminalisierung bis hin zur Legalisierung in vielen europäischen Ländern möchte die ÖGKJP auf ausgewogene und wissenschaftlich basierte Art und Weise Stellung zur komplexen Thematik des Cannabisge- und Missbrauchs bei Jugendlichen beziehen.

Methodik
Die Medline mit jeweils dem spezifischen Unterthema angepassten Suchen auf aktuelle Studien durchsucht. Weiters wurden aus anerkannten Kompendien zitiert.

Ergebnisse
Während gelegentlicher Freizeitkonsum von Cannabis bei Erwachsenen mit abgeschlossener Hirnreifung und ohne Risikoprofil für psychische Störungen relativ harmlos sein dürfte, können frühzeitigem Konsumbeginn mit regelmäßigem Konsum sowie die zunehmend verfügbaren, hochpotenten Cannabis-Sorten zu expliziten und zum Teil irreversiblen neurokognitiven Hirnfunktionsstörungen führen.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine gesetzliche Freigabe des Cannabis-Konsums für Jugendliche aufgrund der Risken der zu erwartenden Schäden im Bereich der Gehirnentwicklung abzulehnen. Zugleich gilt es aber, vernünftige gesetzliche Regelungen zu etablieren, die der Tatsache, dass über 30 % aller europäischen Jugendlichen gelegentlich Cannabis konsumieren, adäquat begegnen kann. Wir sprechen uns hier auch klar dafür aus, Cannabiskonsumenten nicht zu kriminalisieren und gefährdeten und suchtkranken Cannabiskonsumenten die benötigte Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen.
MTHSA-DHEI: multitasking harmony search algorithm for detecting high-order SNP epistatic interactions
Authors: Tuo Shouheng , Li Chao , Liu Fan , Li Aimin , He Lang , Geem Zong Woo , Shang JunLiang , Liu Haiyan , Zhu YanLing , Feng ZengYu , Chen TianRui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have succeeded in identifying genetic variants associated with complex diseases, but the findings have not been well interpreted biologically. Although it is widely accepted that epistatic interactions of high-order single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [(1) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are mainly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence polymorphisms caused by variants at a single nucleotide at the genome level. They are the most common type of heritable variation in humans.] are important causes of complex diseases, the combinatorial explosion of millions of SNPs and multiple tests impose a large computational burden. Moreover, it is extremely challenging to correctly distinguish high-order SNP epistatic interactions from other high-order SNP combinations due to small sample sizes. In this study, a multitasking harmony search algorithm (MTHSA-DHEI) is proposed for detecting high-order epistatic interactions [(2) In classical genetics, if genes X1 and X2 are mutated and each mutation by itself produces a unique disease status (phenotype) but the mutations together cause the same disease status as the gene X1 mutation, gene X1 is epistatic and gene X2 is hypostatic, and gene X1 has an epistatic effect (main effect) on disease status. In this work, a high-order epistatic interaction occurs when two or more SNP loci have a joint influence on disease status.], with the goal of simultaneously detecting multiple types of high-order (k1-order, k2-order, …, kn-order) SNP epistatic interactions. Unified coding is adopted for multiple tasks, and four complementary association evaluation functions are employed to improve the capability of discriminating the high-order SNP epistatic interactions. We compare the proposed MTHSA-DHEI method with four excellent methods for detecting high-order SNP interactions for 8 high-orderepistatic interaction models with no marginal effect (EINMEs) and 12 epistatic interaction models with marginal effects (EIMEs) (*) and implement the MTHSA-DHEI algorithm with a real dataset: age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The experimental results indicate that MTHSA-DHEI has power and an F1-score exceeding 90% for all EIMEs and five EINMEs and reduces the computational time by more than 90%. It can efficiently perform multiple high-order detection tasks for high-order epistatic interactions and improve the discrimination ability for diverse epistasis models.
A faster dynamic convergency approach for self-organizing maps
Authors: Jamil Akhtar , Hameed Alaa Ali , Orman Zeynep 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel variable learning rate to address two main challenges of the conventional Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) termed VLRSOM: high accuracy with fast convergence and low topological error. We empirically showed that the proposed method exhibits faster convergence behavior. It is also more robust in topology preservation as it maintains an optimal topology until the end of the maximum iterations. Since the learning rate adaption and the misadjustment parameter depends on the calculated error, the VLRSOM will avoid the undesired results by exploiting the error response during the weight updation. Then the learning rate is updated adaptively after the random initialization at the beginning of the training process. Experimental results show that it eliminates the tradeoff between the rate of convergence and accuracy and maintains the data's topological relationship. Extensive experiments were conducted on different types of datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. First, we experimented with synthetic data and handwritten digits. For each data set, two experiments with a different number of iterations (200 and 500) were performed to test the stability of the network. The proposed method was further evaluated using four benchmark data sets. These datasets include Balance, Wisconsin Breast, Dermatology, and Ionosphere. In addition, a comprehensive comparative analysis was performed between the proposed method and three other SOM techniques: conventional SOM, parameter-less self-organizing map (PLSOM2), and RA-SOM in terms of accuracy, quantization error (QE), and topology error (TE). The results indicated the proposed approach produced superior results to the other three methods.
Plant Species Interactions in the Rhizosphere Increase Maize N and P Acquisition and Maize Yields in Intercropping
Authors: Schwerdtner Ulrike , Spohn Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine interspecific plant interactions that contribute to plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition and are likely the reason for overyielding in intercropping. We conducted a field and a rhizobox experiment with the same soil. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown alone or intercropped with the companions faba bean (Vicia faba L.), soy (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), or white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). We determined the isotopic N signature (δ15N) of maize as well as soil parameters (pH, phosphatase activity, nitrate) in the field experiment. We analyzed phosphatase activities and rhizosphere pH by soil zymography and pH imaging in the rhizobox experiment. Maize N and P contents were larger in intercropping than monocropping, especially with soy and lupin in the field, indicating intercropping advantages for maize N and P acquisition. Intercropping with legumes decreased maize δ15N in the field, suggesting that 11–20% of maize aboveground biomass N was transferred from legumes to maize. Soil zymography revealed high phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere of lupin and faba bean. pH imaging showed a rhizosphere alkalinization by mustard, and a rhizosphere acidification by faba bean. These changes in the companions’ rhizosphere likely mobilized P and were also beneficial for maize in intercropping. Taken together, our study provides evidence that the companions’ ability to mobilize N and P in the rhizosphere promotes increases in maize nutrient contents and causes maize overyielding in intercropping and thus can contribute to fertilizer savings.
A note on exponential Riesz bases
Authors: Caragea Andrei , Lee Dae Gwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe prove that if$$I_\ell = [a_\ell ,b_\ell )$$Iℓ=[aℓ,bℓ),$$\ell =1,\ldots ,L$$ℓ=1,…,L, are disjoint intervals in [0, 1) with the property that the numbers$$1, a_1, \ldots , a_L, b_1, \ldots , b_L$$1,a1,…,aL,b1,…,bLare linearly independent over$${\mathbb {Q}}$$Q, then there exist pairwise disjoint sets$$\Lambda _\ell \subset {\mathbb {Z}}$$Λℓ⊂Z,$$\ell =1, \ldots , L$$ℓ=1,…,L, such that for every$$J \subset \{ 1, \ldots , L \}$$J⊂{1,…,L}, the system$$\{e^{2\pi i \lambda x} : \lambda \in \cup _{\ell \in J} \, \Lambda _\ell \}$${e2πiλx:λ∈∪ℓ∈JΛℓ}is a Riesz basis for$$L^2 ( \cup _{\ell \in J} \, I_\ell )$$L2(∪ℓ∈JIℓ). Also, we show that for any disjoint intervals$$I_\ell $$Iℓ,$$\ell =1, \ldots , L$$ℓ=1,…,L, contained in [1, N) with$$N \in {\mathbb {N}}$$N∈N, the orthonormal basis$$\{e^{2\pi i n x} : n \in {\mathbb {Z}}\}$${e2πinx:n∈Z}of$$L^2[0,1)$$L2[0,1)can be complemented by a Riesz basis$$\{e^{2\pi i \lambda x}: \lambda \in \Lambda \}$${e2πiλx:λ∈Λ}for$$L^2(\cup _{\ell =1}^L \, I_{\ell })$$L2(∪ℓ=1LIℓ)with some set$$\Lambda \subset (\frac{1}{N} {\mathbb {Z}}) \backslash {\mathbb {Z}}$$Λ⊂(1NZ)\Z, in the sense that their union$$\{e^{2\pi i \lambda x} : \lambda \in {\mathbb {Z}}\cup \Lambda \}$${e2πiλx:λ∈Z∪Λ}is a Riesz basis for$$L^2 ( [0,1) \cup I_1 \cup \cdots \cup I_L )$$L2([0,1)∪I1∪⋯∪IL).
Preaching Politics: How Politicization Undermines Religious Authority in the Middle East
Authors: Williamson Scott , Yildirim A. Kadir , Grewal Sharan , Kuenkler Mirjam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA growing body of research demonstrates that political involvement by Christian religious leaders can undermine the religion's social influence. Do these negative consequences of politicization also extend to Islam? Contrary to scholarly and popular accounts that describe Islam as inherently political, we argue that Muslim religious leaders will weaken their religious authority when they engage with politics. We test this argument with a conjoint experiment implemented on a survey of more than 12,000 Sunni Muslim respondents in eleven Middle Eastern countries. The results show that connections to political issues or politically active religious movements decrease the perceived religious authority of Muslim clerics, including among respondents who approve of the clerics' political views. The article's findings shed light on how Muslims in the Middle East understand the relationship between religion and politics, and they contribute more broadly to understanding of how politicized religious leaders can have negative repercussions for religion.
Suitability of monotypic and mixed diets for development, population growth and predation capacity of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Mortazavi Nasimeh , Fathipour Yaghoub , Talebi Ali Asghar , Riahi Elham 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe quantified the life table parameters and predation capacity of a generalist predatory mite, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan on five monotypic diets, including Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSSM) eggs in the presence (SW) and absence (SN) of webs, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (GHWF) eggs (G), honeydew (H), and maize pollen (M) as well as three mixed diets, including SN + M, SN + G, and G + M. Our results showed that the individuals fed on the mixed diets had a considerably shorter developmental time and pre-oviposition period (APOP), higher oviposition days, higher fecundity and population growth rate than those raised on the monotypic diets. Furthermore, we found that the mixed diet of TSSM and GHWF eggs was the most favorable diet, resulted in the highest fecundity and population growth rate, shortest developmental time and APOP. While TSSM eggs alone in the presence of webs and honeydew were the worst diets resulted in the longest developmental time, lower oviposition day, higher fecundity and population growth rate. Our data determined that TSSM has more nutritional benefits than GHWF for T. bagdasarjani. We observed the positive effects of pollen addition to prey on the predatory mite's immature and adult life-history characters; however, it reduced the predation rate. Overall, maize pollen could enhance ecosystem services provided against spider mites and whiteflies by positively impacting the increase of T. bagdasarjani population. This predator may be more effective when two prey species are available than when only one species is present.