bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trial of labor after caesarean section with a macrosomic neonate. Is it safe?
Authors: Lopian Miriam , Kashani-Ligumski Lior , Cohen Ronnie , Herzlich Jacky , Perlman Sharon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether a trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC) with a macrosomic neonate is associated with adverse outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a population motivated for TOLAC.Women attempting TOLAC with a neonatal birthweight >4000g were compared to women attempting TOLAC with neonatal birthweights between 3500g-4000g. The primary outcome was TOLAC success. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, uterine rupture, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), shoulder dystocia, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), Apgar <7 at 5 min and umbilical artery pH <7.1). Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test and chi‐square tests.Results: 375 women who underwent TOLAC with a neonate weighing >4000 g comprised the study group. 1783 women attempting TOLAC with a neonate weighing 3500-4000g comprised the control group. There were no clinically significant differences between the groups for maternal age, gestational age, parity and VBAC rate. There were no significant differences in the rates of successful TOLAC (94% versus 92.3%, P = 0.2, OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.2), operative vaginal delivery (7.4% versus 5.3%, P = 0.18, OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.1), uterine rupture (0.4% versus 0% P = 0.6), PPH (3.2% Vs 2.3 % p=0.36 OR 1.4 CI 0.7,2.7) , OASI (0.8% Vs 0.2% p=0.1 OR 3.6 CI 0.8,1.6), Apgar <7 at 5 mins (0% Vs 0.4% p=0.37) and umbilical artery pH <7.1 (0.5% Vs 0.7% p=1.0 OR 0.73 CI 0.2,3.2) Women with a neonate weighing > 4000 g had a significantly increased risk of shoulder dystocia (4% Vs 0.4% p <0.05, OR 9.2 CI 3.9,22)Conclusion Women attempting TOLAC with a macrosomic neonate are not at increased risk for failed TOLAC, operative vaginal delivery, uterine rupture, PPH, or OASI but are at risk of shoulder dystocia. This information helps counsel women considering TOLAC with a macrosomic fetus.
Association of resilience with psychological well-being and quality of life for parents of children with cancer
Authors: Chung Joyce Oi Kwan , LI William Ho Cheung , Cheung Ankie Tan , Ho Laurie Long Kwan , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the interrelationships among resilience, way of coping, psychological well-being, and quality of life among Chinese parents of children with cancer, and identify factors associated with their quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 119 Chinese parents (primary caregivers) of children with cancer at the Hong Kong Children’s Hospital between January 2020 and March 2022. Parents’ resilience level, way of coping, depressive symptoms, state anxiety scores, perceived social support, and quality of life were assessed.
Results
Participating parents (N = 119) included 98 mothers (82.4%) and 11 parents were from single-parent families (9.2%). Almost half (47.9%) of the parents were potentially at risk for depression. The results showed that participants from single-parent families reported statistically significantly lower levels of resilience (P < .001), more depressive symptoms (P < .001), and poorer quality of life (P < .001) than those who lived with their partners (married). In addition, parents who adopted problem-focused coping strategies reported statistically significantly higher levels of resilience (P < .001), fewer depressive symptoms (P < .001), and better quality of life (P < .001) than those who adopted emotion-focused coping strategies. A multiple regression analysis revealed that resilience (P < .001) was associated with quality of life among parents of children with cancer.
Conclusions
This study provides further support that resilience is an important factor associated with quality of life among parents of children with cancer. Assessing resilience in these parents is an important prerequisite for designing appropriate psychological interventions to increase their resilience and enhance their psychological well-being and quality of life.
Quercetin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and pyroptosis in granulosa cells
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhao Ying , Miao Chenyun , Yang Liuqing , Wang Ruye , Chen Bixia , Zhang Qin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Exposure to cyclophosphamide (CTX) induces premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and its antioxidant activity is correlated with POI. However, the mechanism underlying its protective role in CTX-induced ovarian dysfunction is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether quercetin can protect ovarian reserves by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting pyroptosis. Methods: Thirty-six female C57BL/6 mice were randomly subdivided into six groups. Except for the control group, all groups were injected with 90 mg/kg CTX to establish a POI model and further treated with coenzyme 10 or various doses of quercetin. The mice were sacrificed 48 h after 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin was injected four weeks after treatments. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect serum hormone expression and light and transmission electron microscopy to assess ovarian tissue morphology and mitochondria. Additionally, we tested oxidant and antioxidant levels in ovarian tissues and mitochondrial function in granulosa cells (GCs). The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and pyroptosis-related proteins and mRNA was analyzed using western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results: Quercetin elevated serum anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels, decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and alleviated ovarian pathology. It reduced the mitochondrial DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, it upregulated ATP levels and the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A, and superoxide dismutase 2. In addition, it suppressed NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and gasdermin D levels in the GCs of POI mice.Conclusions: Quercetin protected the ovarian reserve from CTX-induced ovarian damage by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating mitochondrial biogenesis via the PGC1-α pathway. Moreover, quercetin may improve ovarian functions by downregulating pyroptosis in the CTX-induced POI model. Thus, quercetin can be considered a potential agent for treating POI.
Novel PI3K inhibitor 5d inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Tingkai , Wang Shijun , Jiang Huimin , Xu Heng , Jin Jing , Wen Jin , Ji Zhigang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of PI3K inhibitor 5d on prostate cancer. Methods The MTT cell proliferation assay was used to assess the PC-3 prostate cancer cell viability. The effect of compound 5d on cell cycle and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of proteins was estimated by Western blotting. The xenograft models of DU145 and PC-3 cell lines were established to further explore the inhibitory activity of 5d on prostate cancer in vivo. Results The results of MTT experiment showed that 5d could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro. The flow cytometry results showed that 5d could arrest PC-3 cell cycle in G0 / G1 phase and promote apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that 5d could effectively inhibit the activation of PI3K signaling pathway. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the tumor weights in the 5d treatment group was significantly reduced compared with the control group, and western blot results show that 5d can effectively inhibit the expression of PI3K signaling pathway in both tumor tissues. Conclusion PI3K inhibitor 5d can effectively inhibit the proliferation of prostate caner in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluate the Effects of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy on Bone Matrix by Confocal Micro-beam X-ray Fluorescence
Authors: Xia Wenjing , Zhou Lazhen , Chen Hongchi , Xu Qianqian , Li Fangzuo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment can cause amenorrhea in women and significant bone loss. Consequently, post-menopausal women are at risk of morbidity and mortality associated with breast canner and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, a study on osteoporosis in rats after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy was conducted based on confocal microbeam X-ray fluorescence (m-XRF) technique. Female sprague dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (G1), chemotherapy and radiotherapy group (G2), and only radiotherapy group (G3). The SD rats were euthanized 6 months after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and femur slices with a thickness of 1mm were taken for confocal μ-XRF analysis. It was found that compared with G1, G2 and G3 showed significant calcium loss, while Fe increased, especially in G2 group. The results indicate that the lack or reduction of estrogen caused by chemotherapy lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis, and the significant increase of bone iron in G2 samples suggests the process of osteoporosis. Iron ions compete with calcium ions, and there is a significant positive correlation between bone iron and bone absorption. Confocal μ-XRF has proven to be an effective analytical technique for evaluating the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on osteoporosis.
Outcomes of Covid-19 Patients Admitted to the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit: Non-invasive Respiratory Therapy in a Sequencial Protocol
Authors: Gasa Mercè , Ruiz-Albert Yolanda , Cordoba-Izquierdo Ana , Sarasate Mikel , Cuevas Ester , Suarez-Quartin Guillermo , Méndez Lidia , Alfaro-Álvarez Julio-César , Sabater-Riera Joan , Pérez-Fernández Xose Luis , Molina-Molina María , Santos Salud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recognizing patients that best benefited from non-invasive respiratory therapies (NRTs) in intermediate respiratory care units (IRCU) is crucial to ensure management and limiting resources during COVID pandemic. To assess factors associated with survival, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and intubation likelihood in COVID-19 patients admitted to IRCU.Methods Observational retrospective study in consecutive patients admitted to IRCU of a tertiary hospital from March-2020 to April-2021. Inclusion criteria: Hypoxemic respiratory failure (Sp02 <=94% and/or respiratory rate >=25rpm with Fi02 >50% supplementary oxygen) due to acute COVID-19 infection. Demographic, comorbidities, clinical and analytical data, medical and NRTs were collected at IRCU admission. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed factors associated with survival, ICU admission and intubation. Results From 679 patients, 79 patients (12%) had order to do not intubation. From de remaining 600 (88%), 81% survived, 41% needed ICU admission and 37% required intubation. During IRCU, 51% required non-invasive ventilation (NIV group) and 49% did not (non-NIV group). Longer age and lack of corticosteroid treatment were associated with higher mortality and intubation risk in the entire cohort and among NIV group; among non-NIV group, lack of corticosteroids (any regimen) was associated with higher mortality; Admission during the first wave, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with higher intubation risk. Conclusions 57% improved at IRCU with no ICU admission. The use of corticosteroids improved outcomes. A bolus plus progressive tapering scheme could be more beneficial in severe forms. Initial NIV does not always mean worse outcomes.
Determining population structure from k-mer frequencies.
Authors: Hrytsenko Yana , Daniels Noah M. , Schwartz Rachel S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:Determining population structure helps us understand connections among different populations and how they evolve over time. This knowledge is important for studies ranging from evolutionary biology to large-scale variant-trait association studies. Current approaches to determining population structure include model-based approaches, statistical approaches, and distance-based ancestry inference approaches. In this work, we outline an approach that identifies population structure from k-mer frequencies using principal component analysis (PCA). This approach can be classified as statistical; however, prior work employing PCA has used multilocus genotype data (SNPs, microsatellites, or haplotypes), while here we analyze k-mer frequencies. K-mer frequencies can be viewed as a summary statistic of a genome and have the advantage of being easily derived from a genome by counting the number of times a k-mer occurred in a sequence. No genetic assumptions must be met to generate k-mers, whereas current population structure approaches often depend on several genetic assumptions and require careful selection of ancestry informative markers to identify populations. Results: In this work, we show that PCA is able to determine population structure just from the frequency of k-mers found in the genome. The application of PCA and a clustering algorithm to k-mer profiles of genomes provides an easy approach to detecting the number and composition of populations (clusters) present in the dataset. We describe this approach and show that the results are comparable to those found by a model-based approach using genetic markers. We validate our method using 48 human genomes from populations identified by the 1000 Human Genomes Project. We also compare our results to those from mash, which determines relationships among individuals using the number of matched k-mers between sequences. Conclusions:This study shows that PCA, together with a clustering algorithm, is able to detect population structure from k-mer frequencies and can identify samples of admixed and non-admixed origin. In contrast, mash (based on the number of k-mer matches) was highly sensitive to the parameters of k-mer length and sketch size. Using k-mer frequencies to determine population structure has the potential to avoid some challenges of existing methods.
Single vs split dose of prednisolone in the treatment of relapses of childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: K Weerasooriya W A L , S Abeyagunawardana A , RS Thalgahagoda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Nephrotic syndrome is the commonest glomerular disease in childhood. It usually follows a relapsing and remitting course. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for both the first episode and subsequent relapses.Objective: This study was conducted at a single centre to compare the clinical response to a single dose vs. split dose of prednisolone in the treatment of relapses of childhood nephrotic syndrome.Method: Children between the ages of 1 and 14 years admitted with a relapse of nephrotic syndrome from August 2019 to February 2020 were evaluated. A block randomization method based on age was used for sampling. Patients randomised to Group A received oral prednisolone at 60mg/m2 as a single morning dose, while those randomised to Group B received the same total dose as two divided doses, of which 2/3 was given in the morning and the rest in the evening. Treatment was continued until remission was achieved following which all patients were switched to alternate day prednisolone. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the two groups.Results: 104 episodes of relapse occurring in 96 children were included of which 49 were treated with prednisolone as a split dose and 55 were treated with a single dose of prednisolone. The mean duration to achieve remission for the split dose group was 8.02 days (SD 1.58) while it was 9.74 days (SD 3.72) for the single dose group. This difference was statistically highly significant (t (102) = 3.004; p=0.001; CI 0.58 to 2.86). There was no difference in the side effect profile of the two groups.Conclusion: The use of prednisolone as a split dose results in a shorter duration to achieve remission when compared to a single morning dose, resulting in a lower cumulative dose of prednisolone to achieve remission.
Enhancement of Anaerobic digestion of cow manure through inoculation under mesophilic conditions
Authors: Tariq Mohsin , Mehmood Ayaz , Abbas Yasir , Ali Muzamal , Saeed Usman , Rukh Shah , Shahzad Khuram , Rafique Mazhar , Gurmani Ali Raza , Khan Abdul Ghaffar , Yun Sining 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Now a days, anaerobic digestion (AD) systems are using a wide range of techniques to improve their performance, including co-digestion, inoculation, and addition of various accelerants. The AD of cow-manure (CM) was inoculated with ruminant intestinal waste (IW) in this study. It was hypothesized that methanogens present in intestinal waste will enhance anaerobic digestion, which will result in increased methane production. Five different CM/IW ratios (1:0, 9:1, 7:3, 1:1, 0:1) of wet weight were introduced in AD systems at mesophilic environmental (37 ◦C) to find the best combination of CM and IW. All of the mixture CM/IW ratios (9:1, 7:3, and 1:1) demonstrated a good synergistic effect and yielded a higher cumulative biogas yields than CM and RIW alone. The CM/IW (9:1) had the maximum cumulative biogas yield (239 mL/g VS), COD removal rate (40%), VS removal rate (27%), and total solid (TS) removal rate (24%). In the current study fertility status (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P and potassium, K) of digestate was determine while most of the previous studies are only on biogas production. Digestate with ratio of 9 to 1 was found to be the best with cumulative NPK 4.53%. The inoculation technique using IW can be an effective means of increasing the bio-degradation waste's efficiency and generating more energy.
Adaptive nitrogen inputs sustain soil water balance and improve maize productivity with varied precipitation conditions on semiarid agro-ecosystem
Authors: Liu Pengzhao , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims Maize productivity in semi-arid regions of Loess Plateau is increasingly at risk because of sparse and uneven distribution of rainfall, and is also restricted by unscientific (excessive or insufficient) fertilization management strategy. Formulating a high-efficient fertilization scheme based on rainfall variability and soil moisture before sowing can guarantee sustainability of water use and maize production. Methods A 4-year (2016−2019) field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of fertilizer with five nitrogen rates (0, 75−90, 150−180, 270 and 360 kg ha−1, represents as N0, N75-90, N150-180, N270, N360, respectively) under two variable rainfall patterns (one was rainy at pre-anthesis in 2017 and 2019; another was dry at pre-anthesis) on soil water storage (SWS), maize yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and water balance. Results The results showed that dry at pre-anthesis significantly reduced biomass accumulation and kernel number per plant. N inputs increased aboveground dry matter and WUE for dry matter pre-anthesis (WUEd). However, soil water storage before sowing (SWSs) decreased from 440 mm in 2016 to 378.3~390.1 mm in 2019, and the increase of fertilization increased the imbalance of soil moisture. The grain yield and WUE for yield (WUEg) of applying N fertilizer was 9.1–76.7% and 14.9–80.8% higher than that of non-N treatments, respectively. In the case of being rainy before anthesis there occurred the highest grain yield and WUE for grain yield (WUEg) in N270, whereas spring maize performed better in N150-180 during dry years before anthesis. The average NRE and NPFP decreased with increases of N application, and both of them under N150-180 treatment could reach 92.9% and 66.1% of the maximum values, respectively. The grain yield showed a positive correlation with SWSs. Conclusions We clarified that: 1) N applications improved WUEg by increasing deeper soil water absorption and WUEd before anthesis; 2) reducing basal fertilizers and adjusting N fertilizer inputs based on rainfall before anthesis could enhance maize yield and maintain water balance in the Loess Plateau.
Incidence, determinants and serological correlates of reactive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)
Authors: Holt Hayley , Jolliffe David , Talaei Mohammad , Faustini Sian , Vivaldi Giulia , Greenig Matthew , Lyons Ronan , Griffiths Christopher , Kee Frank , Sheikh Aziz , Richter Alex , Davies Gwyneth , Shaheen Seif , Martineau Adrian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Prospective population-based studies investigating associations between reactive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and serologic responses to vaccination are lacking. We therefore conducted such a study in 9003 adults from the United Kingdom (UK) general population receiving SARS-COV-2 vaccines as part of the national vaccination programme. Data relating to incidence and type of reactive symptoms after vaccination were captured using online questionnaires, along with information on 56 potential determinants of symptom risk. Titres of combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein were determined in eluates of dried blood spots collected from all participants before and after vaccination. 4262 (47.3%) participants experienced systemic reactive symptoms after a first vaccine dose. Factors associating with lower risk of such symptoms included older age (aOR per additional 10 years of age 0.85, 95% CI 0.81–0.90), male vs. female sex (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53–0.65) and receipt of an mRNA vaccine vs. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (0.29, 0.26–0.32 for BNT162b2; 0.06, 0.01–0.26 for mRNA-1273). Higher risk of such symptoms was associated with a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination (2.23, 1.78–2.81) and presence vs. absence of self-rated anxiety or depression at cohort enrolment (1.24, 1.12–1.39). Post-vaccination anti-S titres were higher among participants who experienced reactive symptoms after vaccination vs. those who did not (P < 0.001). We conclude that factors influencing risk of systemic symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination include demographic characteristics, pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and vaccine type. Participants experiencing reactive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had higher post-vaccination titres of IgG/A/M anti-S antibodies. Improved public understanding of the frequency of reactogenic symptoms and their positive association with vaccine immunogenicity could potentially increase vaccine uptake.