bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial and deep white matter diffusion abnormalities in focal epilepsies
Authors: Urquia‐Osorio Hebel , Pimentel‐Silva Luciana R. , Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro , Almendares‐Bonilla Eimy , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Concha Luis , Cendes Fernando 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to evaluate superficial‐white matter (WM) and deep‐WM magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and identify distinctive patterns of microstructural abnormalities in focal epilepsies of diverse etiology, localization, and response to antiseizure medication (ASM).MethodsWe examined DTI data for 113 healthy controls and 113 patients with focal epilepsies: 51 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) refractory to ASM, 27 with pharmacoresponsive TLE‐HS, 15 with temporal lobe focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and 20 with frontal lobe FCD. To assess WM microstructure, we used a multicontrast multiatlas parcellation of DTI. We evaluated fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), and assessed within‐group differences ipsilateral and contralateral to the epileptogenic lesion, as well as between‐group differences, in regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsThe TLE‐HS groups presented more widespread superficial‐ and deep‐WM diffusion abnormalities than both FCD groups. Concerning superficial WM, TLE‐HS groups showed multilobar ipsilateral and contralateral abnormalities, with less extensive distribution in pharmacoresponsive patients. Both the refractory TLE‐HS and pharmacoresponsive TLE‐HS groups also presented pronounced changes in ipsilateral frontotemporal ROIs (decreased FA and increased MD, RD, and AD). Conversely, FCD patients showed diffusion changes almost exclusively adjacent to epileptogenic areas.SignificanceOur findings add further evidence of widespread abnormalities in WM diffusion metrics in patients with TLE‐HS compared to other focal epilepsies. Notably, superficial‐WM microstructural damage in patients with FCD is more restricted around the epileptogenic lesion, whereas TLE‐HS groups showed diffuse WM damage with ipsilateral frontotemporal predominance. These findings suggest the potential of superficial‐WM analysis for better understanding the biological mechanisms of focal epilepsies, and identifying dysfunctional networks and their relationship with the clinical–pathological phenotype. In addition, lobar superficial‐WM abnormalities may aid in the diagnosis of subtle FCDs.
Temporal lobe interictal spikes disrupt encoding and retrieval of verbal memory: A subregion analysis
Authors: Camarillo‐Rodriguez Liliana , Leenen Iwin , Waldman Zachary , Serruya Mijail , Wanda Paul A. , Herweg Nora A. , Kahana Michael J. , Rubinstein Daniel , Orosz Iren , Lega Bradley , Podkorytova Irina , Gross Robert E. , Worrell Gregory , Davis Kathryn A. , Jobst Barbara C. , Sheth Sameer A. , Weiss Shennan A. , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) encodes and recalls memories and can be a predominant site for interictal spikes (IS) in patients with focal epilepsy. It is unclear whether memory deficits are due to IS in the MTL producing a transient decline. Here, we investigated whether IS in the MTL subregions and lateral temporal cortex impact episodic memory encoding and recall.MethodsSeventy‐eight participants undergoing presurgical evaluation for medically refractory focal epilepsy with depth electrodes placed in the temporal lobe participated in a verbal free recall task. IS were manually annotated during the pre‐encoding, encoding, and recall epochs. We examined the effect of IS on word recall using mixed‐effects logistic regression.ResultsIS in the left hippocampus (odds ratio [OR] = .73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .63–.84, p < .001) and left middle temporal gyrus (OR = .46, 95% CI = .27–.78, p < .05) during word encoding decreased subsequent recall performance. Within the left hippocampus, this effect was specific for area CA1 (OR = .76, 95% CI = .66–.88, p < .01) and dentate gyrus (OR = .74, 95% CI = .62–.89, p < .05). IS in other MTL subregions or inferior and superior temporal gyrus and IS occurring during the prestimulus window did not affect word encoding (p > .05). IS during retrieval in right hippocampal (OR = .22, 95% CI = .08–.63, p = .01) and parahippocampal regions (OR = .24, 95% CI = .07–.8, p < .05) reduced the probability of recalling a word.SignificanceIS in medial and lateral temporal cortex contribute to transient memory decline during verbal episodic memory.
Biomass yield improvement in switchgrass through genomic prediction of flowering time
Authors: Tilhou Neal W. , Casler Michael D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe seasonal timing of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth has a major impact on biomass accumulation in switchgrass. Late‐flowering switchgrass cultivars produce greater biomass, a critical trait for sustainable bioenergy production. Genomic prediction (GP) may allow rapid selection of late‐flowering individuals with reduced time and expense for field evaluations. To evaluate GP, two flowering time traits (heading date and anthesis date) were collected on 1532 genotypes from four breeding populations: Midwest, Gulf, Atlantic, and Hybrid. These were sequenced using genotype‐by‐sequencing (530,792 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms). Predictive ability of single‐trait and multi‐trait models were evaluated by cross‐validation, by prediction of a progeny trial (n = 122), and through prediction of yield performance in a parallel experiment (n = 52). Predictive ability was not improved by sharing information among breeding groups. Overall, multi‐trait models provided an advantage during cross‐validation, but a smaller advantage during progeny prediction. Within populations, GP resulted in lower per‐cycle progress than previously reported field evaluations (3.1 vs. 5.0 day−1 cycle−1). However, GP cycles are potentially much faster than field evaluations. When directly predicting biomass yield, the Hybrid training population had a predictive ability of 0.54–0.63. This reinforces the strong linkage between biomass yields in swards and flowering time. These results highlight the value of GP for rapid yield improvement in switchgrass, particularly in a breeding program designed to share information between biomass yield trials and low‐cost flowering time evaluations.
An analysis of ALA‐accredited MLS curricula indicates deficiencies in the initial training provided for public librarians
Authors: Pandolfelli Gabriella , Koos Jessica A. , Benz Scott Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic librarians often address patron inquiries regarding health concerns. However, prior research indicates that public librarians may be unprepared to meet the health information requests of patrons.ObjectiveThis study examined the availability of health‐themed courses in American Library Association (ALA) accredited Master of Library and Information Studies/Science (MLIS) programs.MethodsAccredited MLIS programs were identified using the ALA directory. Curricula were reviewed for health content and public librarianship, children's, and young adult concentrations. Descriptive and bivariate analyses assessed the percent of programs that offered various health‐related course content and the differences in availability of such content.ResultsOf the 59 accredited MLIS programs, only 35 (59.32%) listed at least one health elective and none listed a required health course. No MLIS programs that had a public library concentration (n = 21) listed a required or elective health course, two programs with a children's concentration (n = 25) listed health course electives, and one program with a young adult concentration (n = 25) listed a health course elective.ConclusionALA‐accredited MLIS programs should consider increasing their offerings or requiring health‐related courses to improve the training of public librarians to meet the health information needs of communities.
The impact of apical periodontitis, non‐surgical root canal retreatment and periapical surgery on serum inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Moyes David , Proctor Gordon , Mannocci Francesco , Niazi Sadia Ambreen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to measure serum levels of molecular markers of inflammation in patients undergoing non‐surgical root canal retreatment (Re‐RCT) and periapical surgery (PS) for the treatment of apical periodontitis and to establish if such levels are influenced by the size of apical radiolucencies at baseline and by the treatment outcome.MethodologyA total of 115 participants were recruited (n = 50 Controls, n = 35 Re‐RCT, n = 30 PS). Preoperative periapical radiographs and cone beam CT (CBCT) scans of teeth were taken. Blood was collected from treatment groups at baseline, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month post‐treatment and from controls at baseline and 12 months. Serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, Pentraxin 3, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, hs‐CRP, FGF‐23, MMP‐2, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, C3 and ADMA were analysed using multiplex immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Different time points within the same group were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and differences between groups were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test. Non‐linear association between different factors was assessed using Spearman's correlation.ResultsPreoperative serum levels of FGF‐23, IL‐1β, hs‐CRP and ADMA were significantly higher in the diseased groups compared with controls (p < .001; p = .008; p < .001; p = .013, respectively). The preoperative size of the radiolucency was associated with increased levels of FGF‐23, IL‐1β and IL‐6. At 3‐months following treatment, IL‐1β, IL‐8, hs‐CRP, C3, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 levels increased compared with baseline in treatment groups. IL‐1β and IL‐8 further increased at 6 months, whereas FGF‐23, hs‐CRP, C3, MMP2 and MMP‐9 decreased. One‐year post‐treatment, FGF‐23, pentraxin‐3 and ADMA were significantly reduced below baseline levels. At the 1‐year review, CBCT revealed that 25.9% of treated cases completely healed, while 63% were healing, and 11.1% failed. Treatment outcome was found to be influenced by preoperative levels of ADMA and IL‐8 levels at 6 months.ConclusionsBoth symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) can contribute to increased levels of molecular markers of inflammation. A further transient inflammatory markers rise after root canal retreatment and apical surgery were demonstrated. Successful endodontic treatment and periapical surgery result in a long‐term reduction in inflammatory marker levels.
Opportunity cost in consumer behavior: Definitions, operationalizations, and ambiguities
Authors: Haghpour Babak , Sahabeh Easa , Halvari Hallgeir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman beings have countless desires but bounded resources, and this limitation makes them choose between alternatives. Consumers are encouraged to be aware of the best alternative use of a resource (e.g., money and time), which is known as the opportunity cost of their choice. The current systematic review addresses existing debates and ambiguities surrounding opportunity cost consideration by consumers. We review the origins, different definitions, antecedents, associated decisions, and outcomes of opportunity costs consideration through a detailed examination of the relevant literature from multiple disciplines such as marketing, psychology, and economics. The SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol is used to conduct the review and the ADO (Antecedents, Decisions, Outcomes) framework is used to organize our findings. We highlight and reconcile two different perspectives on the conceptualization of opportunity cost as the forgone value (by considering willingness to pay) versus the physical market value of the second‐best alternative. Different antecedents of opportunity cost consideration are categorized into three categories: individual differences, situational variables, and information processing method. We discuss when and why consumers tend to neglect the opportunity cost, in which situations they are more likely to overestimate the opportunity cost, and what is the difference between consideration of opportunity cost of time and money. Results show that despite what the economics literature suggests, opportunity cost consideration does not always lead to positive outcomes. Based on the literature of regret theory, and differences between maximizers and satisficers, we discuss how opportunity cost considerations might lead to choice discomfort, regret, and dissatisfaction.
Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with minimum follow‐up of 5 years: A multi‐center prospective study in Japan
Authors: Furukawa Junya , Hinata Nobuyuki , Teisima Jun , Takenaka Atsushi , Shiroki Ryoichi , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Kanayama Hiro‐omi , Hattori Kazunori , Horie Shigeo , Tozawa Keiichi , Kato Masashi , Ohyama Chikara , Habuchi Tomonori , Kawamorita Naoki , Eto Masatoshi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesRobot‐assisted partial nephrectomy is widely performed for small renal masses, achieving excellent perioperative and intermediate oncological outcomes. However, long‐term oncological, functional, and quality of life outcomes after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate quality of life at 1 year and oncological and functional outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy after a minimum follow‐up of 5 years.MethodsPersonal, perioperative, postoperative, functional, oncological, and quality of life data were evaluated. The EQ‐5D‐5L tool, which incorporates health profiles and a EuroQol Visual Analog Scale, was used to assess quality of life preoperatively and 365 days postoperatively. Regarding oncological and functional outcomes, overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate were calculated.ResultsThere were few changes in levels between the two time points for all EQ‐5D dimensions. The mean change in EQ‐5D‐5L was 0.020 (95% confidence interval 0.006–0.033, P = 0.006), and in EuroQol Visual Analog Scale score 4.60 (95% confidence interval 2.17–7.02, P = 0.0003). Overall and recurrence‐free survival 5 years after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy were 97.9% and 92.8%, respectively. After an early postoperative decrease, the estimated glomerular filtration rate remained stable over time.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted partial nephrectomy in patients with a T1 renal tumor is safe, feasible, and effective from the perspective of quality of life and survival, even after 5 years. When making treatment decisions, perioperative and quality of life outcomes should be considered together with long‐term oncological outcomes.
Circulating tissue factor‐positive extracellular vesicles and their association with thrombosis in different diseases
Authors: Hisada Yohei , Sachetto Ana Teresa Azevedo , Mackman Nigel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant protein released from activated host cells, such as monocytes, and tumor cells on extracellular vesicles (EVs). TF + EVs are observed in the circulation of patients with various types of diseases. In this review, we will summarize the association between TF + EVs and activation of coagulation and survival in different types of diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and infections with different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We will also discuss the source of TF + EVs in various diseases. EVTF activity is associated with thrombosis in pancreatic cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019 patients (COVID‐19) and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. EVTF activity is also associated with worse survival in patients with cancer and COVID‐19. Monocytes are the major sources of TF + EVs in sepsis, and viral infections, such as HIV, Ebola virus, and SARS‐CoV‐2. In contrast, alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of TF + EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in COVID‐19 and influenza A patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify patients that have an increased risk of coagulopathy and mortality.
CO2 elevation and nutrient patchiness interactively affect morphology, nitrogen uptake, partitioning and use efficiency of Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) during anthesis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Guitong , Li Caibin , Liu Fulai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe stimulation effect of elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) on plant growth is modulated by nitrogen (N) availability, yet the mechanisms of this modulation under patchy N supply remain largely elusive. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which patchy nutrient supply in the root‐zone influence on N uptake, partitioning and use efficiency of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown under e[CO2]. A split‐root pot experiment was conducted on tobacco plants grown at ambient (a[CO2], 400 μmol L−1) and e[CO2] (800 μmol L−1) conditions during anthesis. Plants were subjected to two fertilizer levels [0 and 113‐29‐214 (N‐P‐K) mg kg−1 soil] and three fertilization regimes (partial root‐zone fertilization, PRN, couple root‐zone fertilization, CRN and no fertilization, CK). Elevated [CO2] significantly decreased N concentrations in all tobacco organs, with the greatest reduction in leaves. Positive responses of tobacco biomass and NUE to e[CO2] were recorded, and a large amount of 15N labelled fertilizer‐N was partitioned to stems at the expense to leaves. Compared to the partially fertilized root, an equal N concentration was observed in the non‐fertilized root. In addition, compared with CRN, PRN increased the root exudates of sugar and organic acid; however, the increased root biomass by nutrient patchiness did not enhance plant total N uptake. Collectively, e[CO2] could sustain N assimilation and distribution of tobacco plants in response to natural heterogeneous nutrient available in the soil caused by patchy fertilization.
Masturbation, Deception, and Rape
Authors: Sparrow Robert 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT‘Rape by deception’ occurs when the victim ‘consents’ to sexual penetration as a result of certain sorts of deception by the perpetrator. The legal and philosophical literature on rape by deception has almost exclusively concentrated on cases wherein victims are brought to ‘consent’ to sexual intercourse by deception. Broadening our focus to consider sexual penetration in other contexts reveals a puzzle: if penetration in the context of sexual intercourse premised on deception is rape, is sexual penetration in the context of masturbation as a result of deception rape?
A new method based on surface‐sample pollen data for reconstructing palaeovegetation patterns
Authors: Cruz‐Silva Esmeralda , Harrison Sandy P. , Marinova Elena , Prentice I. Colin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimBiomisation has been the most widely used technique to reconstruct past regional vegetation patterns because it does not require an extensive modern pollen dataset. However, it has well‐known limitations including its dependence on expert judgement for the assignment of pollen taxa to plant functional types (PFTs) and PFTs to biomes. Here we present a new method that combines the strengths of biomisation with those of the alternative dissimilarity‐based techniques.LocationThe Eastern Mediterranean‐Black Sea Caspian Corridor (EMBSeCBIO).TaxonPlantsMethodsModern pollen samples, assigned to biomes based on potential natural vegetation data, are used to characterize the within‐biome means and standard deviations of the abundances of each taxon. These values are used to calculate a dissimilarity index between any pollen sample and every biome, and thus assign the sample to the most likely biome. We calculate a threshold value for each modern biome; fossil samples with scores below the threshold for all modern biomes are thus identified as non‐analogue vegetation. We applied the new method to the EMBSeCBIO region to compare its performance with existing reconstructions.ResultsThe method captured changes in the importance of individual taxa along environmental gradients. The balanced accuracy obtained for the EMBSeCBIO region using the new method was better than obtained using biomisation (77% vs. 65%). When the method was applied to high‐resolution fossil records, 70% of the entities showed more temporally stable biome assignments than obtained using biomisation. The technique also identified likely non‐analogue assemblages in a synthetic modern dataset and in fossil records.Main conclusionsThe new method yields more accurate and stable reconstructions of vegetation than biomisation. It requires an extensive modern pollen dataset, but is conceptually simple, and avoids subjective choices about taxon allocations to PFTs and PFTs to biomes.
Analysis and pharmacological modulation of senescence in human epithelial stem cells
Authors: Barbaro Vanessa , Orvieto Antonio , Alvisi Gualtiero , Bertolin Marina , Bonelli Filippo , Liehr Thomas , Harutyunyan Tigran , Kankel Stefanie , Joksic Gordana , Ferrari Stefano , Daniele Elena , Ponzin Diego , Bettio Daniela , Salviati Leonardo , Di Iorio Enzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman epithelial stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by long‐term regenerative properties, much dependent on the tissue of origin and varying during their lifespan. We analysed such variables in cultures of ESCs isolated from the skin, conjunctiva, limbus and oral mucosa of healthy donors and patients affected by ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting syndrome, a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the p63 gene. We cultured cells until exhaustion in the presence or in the absence of DAPT (γ‐secretase inhibitor; N‐[N‐(3, 5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐L‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine T‐butyl ester). All cells were able to differentiate in vitro but exhibited variable self‐renewal potential. In particular, cells carrying p63 mutations stopped prematurely, compared with controls. Importantly, administration of DAPT significantly extended the replicative properties of all stem cells under examination. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that distinct sets of genes were up‐ or down‐regulated during their lifetime, thus allowing to identify druggable gene networks and off‐the‐shelf compounds potentially dealing with epithelial stem cell senescence. These data will expand our knowledge on the genetic bases of senescence and potentially pave the way to the pharmacological modulation of ageing in epithelial stem cells.
Uncertainty before and during COVID‐19: A survey
Authors: Castelnuovo Efrem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis survey features three parts. The first one reviews the most recent literature on the relationship between domestic (i.e., country‐specific) uncertainty and the business cycle, and offers ten main takeaways. The second part surveys contributions to the fast‐growing strand of the literature that focuses on the macroeconomic effects of uncertainty spillovers and global uncertainty. The last part presents contributions on the role played by uncertainty during the COVID‐19 pandemic.