bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial isolates and their biofilm formation on contact lenses
Authors: Purushottam M Deborah , Padmaja Nesepogu 
Published: February 2022

Using contact lenses without proper care and sterilization measures can lead to eye infection like keratitis and other eye diseases. About 25-30% of cases with corneal ulcers are related to contacts lens use. Microbial agents after their entry, they further invade into corneal layers by their virulence factors and enzymatics secreted by the bacteria. Wearing contact lenses also increase stress on cornea so the cornea has less ability to defend against the bacteria which is invading. Some of the bacteria are also capable of biofilm formation. Biofilms formed on contact lens surfaces has increased resistance to common steriliants used in contact lens care solution. The main aim of this study is to identify the pathogens that can be grown on the contact lenses and contact lens cases, to identify the production of biofilm by the isolates obtained during this study and to bring awareness about proper sterilization of contact lenses and lens cases during their usage to prevent unnecessary eye infections. This cross sectional study was carried from October 2019 to June 2021 on MBBS and BDS students in Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, who are using contact lenses and who are asymptomatic. Written consent from all students participating in this study was taken. The samples are collected using sterile swabs. Swabs from both the lens and lens cases are taken and immediately cultured and related biochemical tests are done to identify the organism. For the study of biofilm formation, the bacterial isolates obtained from the specimen are inoculated on to commercially available Congo red agar (CRA). The data was processed and arranged into distribution tables and cross tables using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Total 200 samples were collected and processed for bacterial culture. Among them 145(72.5%) samples showed positive bacterial culures. The most common organisms obtained are which were 30 (20.6%), next common organism isolated were micrococci 24(16.5%), though ASB’s and micrococci are non pathogenic, these were included because the lens and lens cases are preferably to be sterile. The other organisms isolated are 21 (14.4%), 18 (12.4%), 16 (11.04%), 12 (8.2%), 10 (6.9%), 8 (5.5%) and 6 (4.2%). The isolated bacteria are then again streaked on Congo Red Agar to check for the ability of the bacterial isolates to form biofilms. Among 145 bacterial isolates obtained in this study 98 (67.5%) samples showed positive biofilm formation. The micro organisms can lodge in most of the contact lenses and contact lens cases… which in turn enter into eye due to improper sterilization of lens and lens cases. And most of the bacterial isolates obtained from these contact lenses and contact lens cases are capable of production of biofilm. To avoid infections caused by contact lens users the care of both the contact lenses and lens cases is very important.
Antibiogram of burn wound isolates at Masina hospital, Mumbai, India: A 12-year descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Saldanha Jovita , Kumar GS Chethan , Shah Kushal , Abhyankar Suhas , Vartak Arvind M 
Published: February 2022

: To study the antibiogram of Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and its change in sensitivities with time. : 4909 swabs were taken from790 of patients admitted to the Burns unit of Masina Hospital, Mumbai, over a period of 12 years (2008–2019). The swabs were cultured and percentage antibiotic sensitivity of 6835 predominate isolates to different class of antibiotic was determined and reviewed. : Klebsiella was the predominant organism in our set-up, followed by Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic sensitivities of the most predominant organisms are discussed in detail in this article. : Gram negative nosocomial infection predominate a burn injury. Knowing the predominant target pathogens and their sensitivity pattern towards different antibiotics will avoid misuse of antibiotic, contribute to prescribing the correct antibiotics and timely clinical treatment. A routine microbiological surveillance prior to administrating an antibiotic, a well established infection control department and regular reporting of changing antibiotic trends will help us overcome our battle against emerging multi drug resistant organism, thereby having more successful treatment outcome in burn patients.
Occurrence of dengue infected patients in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Joshi Manisha , Haria Jigar , Farooq Umar , Sharma Shweta R , Sharma Vasundhara , Ahamad Imran 
Published: February 2022

Dengue virus is a member of arbovirus, family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. These are found in common tropical areas of the world or the transmitted through bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti and chiefly occurs during the rainy season. It is classified into three parts Dengue Fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome. The signs of dengue: fever, headache, retro orbital pain, muscles pain, joints pain or rashes are usually seen on 3-7 days. DF is also called break bone fever.: To study the occurrence of dengue infected patients. To determine the frequency of dengue patients presenting with fever of less than 5 days in NS1 Antigen ELISA. To determine the frequency of dengue infected patient presenting with fever for more than 5 days in IgM ELISA. The study was carried out from period of 2019 to 2021. Blood samples were collected from 161 patients. Serum was separated from blood samples. NS1 Ag detection was done from ELISA method & IgM Ab was detected by using Dengue MAC Capture ELISA test. : A total of the 161 blood samples were tested, 85 (53%) were positive & 76 (47%) were negative for dengue. The dengue infection was commonly found in males than females, the common age groups of patients presenting with dengue was 11-30years.Our study focused on continuous monitoring and community action for individuals and dengue controls. This research will help to improve the ways of surveillance, prevention and control.
Speciation of candida species isolated from patients with esophageal candidiasis and their antifungal susceptibility test to fluconazole
Authors: Sharma Shweta R , Ali Mohammad Zulfiqar , Mishra Amit , Farooq Umar , Singh Sudhir , Sharma Vasundhara , Ahamad Imran 
Published: February 2022

Esophageal candidiasis is often observed in patients for its development and fluconazole is the therapeutic choice for the treatment. To determine its frequency, by performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the frequency of various species isolated from patients with EC. To determine the antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole of isolated various species. From January2020 to December 2020, total 73 patients found eligible for this study from endoscopy unit in Teerthanker Mahaveer medical hospital and research center (Moradabad), who presented whitish plaques consistent with esophageal candidiasis in order to identify species and verify their susceptibility to fluconazole. Total 4256patients referred to UGI endoscopy at the endoscopy unit, 73(1.7%) had found esophageal candidiasis. Most affected age group from this disease was found 41-60 years (48%). Frequent number of species isolated was 50(68.5%). A total of 15(20.6%) isolated species were resistant to fluconazole, while 2(2.7%) had intermediate sensitivity to this drug. Esophageal candidiasis prevalence was low although similar or within the results described by other authors. The common causative species was found for this disease and the resistant to fluconazole were considered high.
An evaluation of three different biofilm detection methods in orthopedic implant associated infections and its implication in healthcare system
Authors: Medegar Shobha , Mansabdar Pooja , Patil Asha B 
Published: February 2022

: Biofilms are defined as microbially derived sessile communities characterized by the cells that are irreversibly attached to a substratum. These organisms have been associated with implant associated infectionsThe present study is therefore undertaken 1. To compare the three screening methods used for detection of biofilm formation (Tissue culture plate method, Tube method and Congo red agar method) and 2. To correlate the antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producers and non biofilm producers. : A prospective study was carried out in the department of microbiology, on all orthopedic implant associated infections from September 2015 to July 2016 on aspirated pus samples. A total of 120 non repetitive clinical isolates were taken and subjected to biofilm detection. All the bacterial isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test of bacterial isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). A reference strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984(positive biofilm producer) and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228(non biofilm producer) were used as controls. Tissue culture plate method was considered as gold standard as it detected 25% biofilm producers which included 12% weak biofilm producers which was missed by congo red agar (CRA) and tube method (TM). Also, this correlated to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL, amp-c and MDR pattern of antibiogram. : TCP is considered as most reliable screening method for biofilm detection and should be routinely employed to prevent treatment failures as these organisms are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials leading to implant associated infections.
Covid-19 vaccine breakthrough infections amongst health care workers in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Paul Liz Mary , M Shamsudeen 
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted to understand the clinical profile of Covid-19 infections amongst health care workers after vaccination SARS CoV 2 infection was diagnosed with Antigen test / Automated RTPCR in health care workers. All health care workers presenting with symptoms related to Covid-19 atleast 2 weeks after receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or high risk primary contacts with asymptomatic infection were included in the study. Detailed clinical profile and other data were collected using a proforma. 82.1 % of the Covid 19 infections after vaccination were defined as Mild Covid-19 and received supportive care at home. Breakthrough infections occurred after a mean duration of 31 days. Since fever and throat pain were the most common presenting symptoms (71.4% and 39.3%), upper respiratory infection was considered as more common. Only 3 patients were defined as Moderate Covid 19 which required hospitalization but did not require oxygen supplementation. Breakthrough infections after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination were mild in majority of the cases and most cases presented with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. The pattern of breakthrough infections helps in determining the efficacy of vaccines and requirement of booster doses of vaccine.
Nutritional Literacy Measurement among Iranian Elderly Population
Authors: Sharifnia F , Ghaffari M , Rakhshanderou S 
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: One of the criteria for determining health is health-promoting behaviors. A high level of nutrition literacy is an important factor for differences in diet and nutritional behaviors which promotes health. Therefore, the present study investigates nutrition literacy status and its related factors in the older adults in Tehran.
Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic (correlational) study. The study population included 270 older adults of Tehran city selected using random cluster sampling in Tehran in 2018. Data collection was carried out using a 28-item nutrition literacy scale (NLS) and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Then, data analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 16 and descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests.
Results: In this study, the majority of the older adults were in the group aged 60–64 years (41.9%). According to NLS, 52.2% of the older adults had inadequate nutritional literacy, 37% had borderline nutritional literacy, and only 10.7% of them had adequate nutrition literacy (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between nutrition literacy and age, sex, level of education, and occupation.
Conclusion: The majority of Iranian elderly had inadequate and borderline nutritional literacy, and only one-tenth of them had adequate nutrition literacy. Therefore, due to low nutritional literacy and its relationship with age, the elderly need to receive simple and understandable information to communicate and understand health information to make appropriate decisions, and it needs more attention from health workers, health workers and physicians.
Evaluation of Insulin and Estradiol in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Relationship With BMI
Authors: Danesh H , Mazloomi S , Barartabar Z , Alizadeh N , Pilehvari SH 
Published: February 2022

Background & Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, which is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. This study was done to evaluate insulin and estradiol (E2) in women with PCOS and its relationship with Body mass index (BMI).
Materials & Methods: This case-control study included, 104 women with polycystic ovary syndrome as a case group and 100 women without polycystic ovary syndrome as a control group. Concentrations of insulin, glucose and E2 were measured in fasting blood samples.
Results: Insulin level was 7.02 ± 3.29 in control group, 11.41 ± 3.84 in the case group. FBS level was 82.75 ± 7.18 in control group versus 84.03 ± 5.82 in case group. E2 level was 70.74 ± 53.03 in control group and 60.21 ± 40.58 in case group. The insulin resistance level was 1.45 ± 0.74 in the control group versus 2.37 ± 0.83 in case group. According to correlation analysis, the insulin variable had a significant positive association with BMI (p < 0.0001, r=.245), although no significant correlation was seen between E2 and BMI (p-value = 0.245, r=.092)
Conclusion: Present data showed that E2 levels were not different in PCOS and non-PCOS patients, but insulin levels in PCOS were significantly increased and PCOS women had significant insulin resistance which is dependent on BMI.
Incineration of medical waste: Emission of pollutants into the environment
Authors: Taghilou Samaneh , Torkashvand Javad , Kermani Majid , Farzadkia Mahdi 
Published: February 2022

Medical waste incinerator is a matter of concern for the environment and public health due to secondary pollutants. The present work aims to evaluate the toxic emissions from medical waste incineration, such as Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Dioxin/Furan (PCDD/Fs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the inorganic components in ambient air and ash. Hence, this study discusses several strategies to reduce emissions. For this purpose, searches were done in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2020. After the search, screening was done according to the predefined criteria, 96 papers were finally selected for this study. The results show that the emissions levels depend on many factors like the composition of the feeding, waste type, waste classification, segregation practice, types of incinerators, operation conditions (designed temperature, retention time, and excess oxygen), and air pollution control devices. For instance, emissions of Medical Waste Incinerators (MWIs) rise sharply with a decrease in temperature, increase in oxygen levels and chlorine content in waste, and the absence or weak function of air pollution control systems. This review prepared a comprehensive detailed for decision-makers to help them to understand the environmental consequences of using incinerators. However, there is a gap in finding efficient methods to reduce emissions of incinerators.
Corporate Carbon Footprint Environmental Quality and Combating the Covid-19 Pandemic (US Example)
Authors: KARACAN Rıdvan 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Developed countries with high use of fossil fuels in production can harm the environment by contributing more to the formation of greenhouse gases on a global scale. In this context, it has been emphasized that they have caused an increase in Covid-19 cases. Thus, it was desired to present a different perspective to policymakers in the fight against the virus.
Methods: This research comprises the United States. The relationship between Coal Industry CO2 (CCO), Natural Gas Industry CO2 (NCO), Power Industry CO2 (ECO), Petroleum Industry CO2 (OCO), and Covid-19 cases (COV) variables is discussed. Monthly data for the period 2019-2021 were used. The data were compiled from World Health Organization and Our World in Data web resources. In the analyses, the ARDL Boundary Test model was used to capture long and short term causality relationships.
Results: In general, it shows that fossil energy sources such as coal, oil, electricity and natural gas used in industries play an important role in the increase of Covid-19 cases. Among these energy sources, coal is the one that causes the most effect. Coal is followed by oil, electricity and natural gas, respectively. Accordingly, a 1% change in the US economy due to coal used in production leads to a 1.03% change in Covid-19 cases. Similarly, the effect of oil on Covid-19 cases is 0.61%. The impact of industries using electrical energy based on fossil fuels in their production in Covid-19 cases is 0.26%. It has been determined that the fossil fuel energy source with the least effect with a change of 0.069% in Covid-19 cases is natural gas.
Conclusions: The findings revealed that the increase in fossil fuels used in industries during the relevant period adversely affected air quality and Covid-19 cases. The increase in the number of cases affects the health sector more than other sectors. If these data are associated with energy sources used in industries (fossil fuels) in the future, they will contribute to the creation of public policies that encourage a new generation of energy sources in production.
Correction of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in children by plant extracts containing natural products
Authors: Manuylov B. M. , Afanasyev S. S. , Manuylova E. B. , Zatevalov A. M. , Simonenko S. V. , Borisova O. Yu. , Voropaeva E. A. , Ziborova N. V. 
Published: February 2022

The widespread use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of respiratory diseases causes antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic microorganisms, which leads to the chronic forms of respiratory diseases and contributes to the risk of repeated respiratory infections. One of the new therapeutic solutions is the use of multicomponent water-soluble plant extracts. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the extracts of multicomponent herbal remedies versus the synthetic antiseptic for the treatment of the oropharyngeal and gut opportunistic microflora in children with chronic tonsillitis.
In a retrospective study, we compared the effectiveness of the plant extract Tonzinal (experimental group, 100 patients) versus the Miramistin antiseptic agent (control group, 40 patients) for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children 5 to 15 years old using various treatment regimens.
The oropharyngeal microbiocenosis was investigated by the bacteriological analysis of smears from the posterior wall of the pharynx and tonsils. Bacterial strains were isolated by inoculation on liquid agar media with the subsequent identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida spp., Moraxela cataralis, and Mycoplasma pneumonie according to the morphological and biochemical characteristics. For the bacteriological analysis of gut microbiocenosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Candida spp., Klebsiella spp., Clostridiums spp., and Proteus spp. were isolated from the fecal filtrate and then identified by the same methods. The occurrence rate of microorganisms in patients of the experimental and control groups was compared before and after the 10-day course of therapy.
A statistically significant decrease in the occurrence rate of Staphylococcus aureus (from 25% to 0%, p<0.01) and Candida spp. (from 18% to 0%, p<0.01) in the oropharynx of patients in the experimental group and from 20% to 7.5% and from 5% to 0% (p<0.05), respectively, in the control group was observed. A statistically significant decrease in the occurrence rate of Streptococcus pyogenes was only observed in the experimental group (from 30% to 0%, p<0.01). Treatment with Tonzinal or Miramistin did not lead to the statistically significant changes in the occurrence rate of opportunistic microorganisms in the gut microflora of the patients in both groups.
Therefore, we have shown a higher antimicrobial efficacy of Tonzinal versus the Miramistin antiseptic for the treatment of the oropharyngeal opportunistic microorganisms in children with chronic tonsillitis.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DE ARAMIDES FLORENÇA.
Authors: Fernandes Camilla , Rodella Abriata Vera Lucia 
Published: February 2022

“Aramides Florença” (EVARISTO, 2016) relata a história de uma mulher que gradativamente se conscientiza da violência física e psicológica que sofre do companheiro. Utilizamos o instrumental teórico da semiótica francesa com vistas a apreender as estratégias utilizadas na construção da identidade do ator feminino, por meio da análise de seu percurso. Observamos no nível do enunciado as relações polêmicas que Aramides estabelece com o pai de seu filho e as paixões que a acometem. No presente da enunciação, por outro lado, já liberta da opressão sofrida, o ator conta sua história à narradora que simula recriá-la em suas escrevivências.
Nível de sobrecarga e qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de indivíduos com mal de Alzheimer
Authors: Silva de Aguiar Gleiciane , Da Silva Jorge Luiz , Raulino Lílian Tayná da Silva , Da Silva Junior Roque Ribeiro , Almeida Emanuela Freire de , Barreto Kariza Lopes 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Com o passar dos anos o ser humano tem aumentado sua expectativa de vida, o que traz consigo as doenças degenerativas, como é o caso do mal de Alzheimer. Tal enfermidade impossibilita o paciente fazer as mais simples tarefas cotidianas, passando a necessitar de alguém para ser seu cuidador. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o nível de sobrecarga e qualidade de vida de cuidadores de indivíduos com mal de Alzheimer. Metodologia: A pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 10 cuidadores informais de indivíduos com mal de Alzheimer cadastrados no PSF Bairro de Fátima, no Município de Aracati-CE. Utilizou-se o Formulário Sócio-Demográfico para analisar o perfil dos participantes e o Questionário de Avaliação de Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI). Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e gráficos no software Microsoft Office Excel 2013. A análise dos dados foi feita através do Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS®. Resultados: A pesquisa mostrou que o domínio de Implicações na Vida do Cuidador obteve a maior média de escores entre a amostra pesquisada, com média de 41,50±3,38. A falta de informações, recursos financeiros, apoio familiar, equipe multiprofissional e programas de assistência ao cuidador favorecem negativamente o aumento da sobrecarga dos cuidadores. Conclusão: Portanto, nota-se a necessidade de um acompanhamento tanto para o paciente quanto para o cuidador, tendo em vista que ambos sofrem o impacto da doença.