bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a FungalBraid Penicillium expansum‐based expression system for the production of antifungal proteins in fungal biofactories
Authors: Gandía Mónica , Moreno‐Giménez Elena , Giner‐Llorca Moisés , Garrigues Sandra , Ropero‐Pérez Carolina , Locascio Antonella , Martínez‐Culebras Pedro V. , Marcos Jose F. , Manzanares Paloma 
Published: January 2022

SummaryFungal antifungal proteins (AFPs) have attracted attention as novel biofungicides. Their exploitation requires safe and cost‐effective producing biofactories. Previously, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium digitatum produced recombinant AFPs with the use of a P. chrysogenum‐based expression system that consisted of the paf gene promoter, signal peptide (SP)‐pro sequence and terminator. Here, the regulatory elements of the afpA gene encoding the highly produced PeAfpA from Penicillium expansum were developed as an expression system for AFP production through the FungalBraid platform. The afpA cassette was tested to produce PeAfpA and P. digitatum PdAfpB in P. chrysogenum and P. digitatum, and its efficiency was compared to that of the paf cassette. Recombinant PeAfpA production was only achieved using the afpA cassette, being P. chrysogenum a more efficient biofactory than P. digitatum. Conversely, P. chrysogenum only produced PdAfpB under the control of the paf cassette. In P. digitatum, both expression systems allowed PdAfpB production, with the paf cassette resulting in higher protein yields. Interestingly, these results did not correlate with the performance of both promoters in a luciferase reporter system. In conclusion, AFP production is a complex outcome that depends on the regulatory sequences driving afp expression, the fungal biofactory and the AFP sequence.
Release strategies and ecological factors influence mitigation translocation outcomes for burrowing owls: a comparative evaluation
Authors: Hennessy S. M. , Wisinski C. L. , Ronan N. A. , Gregory C. J. , Swaisgood R. R. , Nordstrom L. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMitigation translocations are increasing and if they are to fulfill their regulatory intent, the application of best‐practice principles to release strategy and monitoring is required. With an investment of 3 years, we engaged with stakeholders, including developers, to improve outcomes from mitigation translocations of an at‐risk species, the western burrowing owl Athene cunicularia hypugaea (BUOW). We evaluated the consequences of two primary translocation methods, displacement (i.e. exclusion from burrow) and translocation, against control owls, using a suite of success metrics focused on dispersal, survival and reproduction. We also tested the provision of visual and acoustic conspecific cues to dampen dispersal away from release sites. Within the displaced group, BUOW settled closer to the origin site if burrows were available nearby. Although translocated BUOW dispersed farther from the release site than displaced BUOW, this difference disappeared when conspecific cues were present. BUOW were 20 times more likely to settle at the release site when conspecifics or their cues were present. Translocating animals over longer distances (>17.5 km) reduced the incidence of BUOW returning to the origin site. When avoiding direct impacts to BUOW is not feasible, a determination of the most beneficial translocation method must be made, driven by site‐specific conditions and the feasibility of implementing best management practices. The known costs of translocation to survival may be offset by long‐term advantages such as the establishment of breeding populations inside protected areas. Mitigation translocations can benefit from carefully devised and tested hypotheses to determine what works and what does not; we advocate the increased use of evidence in mitigation translocation to guide management decisions and policies.
Preventing driveline infection during left ventricular assist device support by the HeartMate 3: A survey‐based study
Authors: Saeed Omar , Moss Noah , Barrus Bryan , Vidula Himabindu , Shah Samit , Feitell Scott , Masser Kristi S. , Kilic Arman , Moin Danyaal , Atluri Pavan , Barati Edo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDriveline infection (DLI) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support yet limited studies are available to describe the center‐level prevalence, preventive practices, and their potential effectiveness.MethodsWe surveyed LVAD centers in the United States to determine program burden and preventive practices for DLI during HeartMate (HM) 3 support. An online, anonymous, question‐based survey was sent to expert providers at implanting centers. Only a single respondent completed the survey for each center. As an exploratory analysis, we compared specific DLI preventive practices between centers with low (≤10%) and high (>10%) reported prevalence of DLI.ResultsSeventy‐eight centers responded to the survey (response rate: 50%). Respondents were comprised of 37 (47%) heart failure cardiologists, 27 (35%) LVAD coordinators, and 14 (18%) cardiothoracic surgeons. The prevalence of DLI during HM3 was reported as ≤10% by 27 (35%), 11%–25% by 36 (46%), and >25% by 16 (19%) centers. Thirteen (17%) centers had a body mass index threshold for device placement, 29 (37%) utilized a counter incision, 66 (81%) placed an anchor stitch, and 69 (88%) used an external device to stabilize the DL. Proportionally, more centers with a low DLI prevalence used a wound vacuum 6 (22%) versus 3 (6%, p = 0.03) than those with high DLI.ConclusionVariation exists in reported prevalence and practices of preventing and managing driveline infections across centers during HM3 support. Further studies are warranted to develop and assess the effectiveness of standardized preventive strategies.
Benjamin Esterman (1906–1994) and the binocular visual field scoring grid that became a world standard for assessing driver eligibility
Authors: Bro Tomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe visual field grid developed by the ophthalmologist Benjamin Esterman (1906‐1994) is today an accepted standard for assessing driver eligibility in many parts of the world. However, little is published about the scientific process that led to the test or about the person who developed it. The aim of this article is to portray the ophthalmologist Benjamin Esterman, and to discuss the visual field grid with his name and its current role in assessing driving eligibility.
Postoperative administration of ketorolac compared to other drugs for pain control after third molar surgery: A meta‐analysis of double‐blind, randomized, clinical trials
Authors: Isiordia‐Espinoza Mario Alberto , Alonso‐Castro Ángel Josabad , Serafín‐Higuera Nicolás , Castañeda‐Santana Demian Ismael , de la Rosa Coronado Maximiliano , Bologna‐Molina Ronell Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse reactions of ketorolac in comparison with other drugs when administered postoperatively after third molar surgery.MethodsPubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to search for articles comparing the efficacy and safety of ketorolac and other analgesic agents after third molar surgery. Data from papers with a lower risk of bias were recorded. The overall evaluation of analgesia onset, general and subgroup evaluation of the number of patients requiring rescue analgesic medication, general and subgroup assessment of the study medication (satisfaction on the study drugs), and the overall estimation of adverse effects were performed using the Review Manager Software 5.3 to analyse the data and obtain the meta‐analysis plot.ResultsThe subgroup evaluation of the study medication showed that patients who received ketorolac 30 mg were more satisfied than those who were given parecoxib 1 mg (odds ratio [OR] = 8.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.66–20.08, P = .00001), parecoxib 2 mg (OR = 7.17, 95% CI = 2.88–17.86, P = .0001), parecoxib 5 mg (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.69–5.41, P = .0002), and parecoxib 10 mg (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.36–4.32, P = .003). Moreover, patients who received ketorolac reported fewer adverse reactions compared with those who had received opioid analgesics (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.32–1.76, P = .0001).ConclusionsThe data from this study demonstrates that the postoperative administration of ketorolac 30 mg presents better results on patient satisfaction when compared to parecoxib 1 mg to 10 mg, and presents a similar satisfaction to parecoxib 20 mg following third molar removal.
A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD)
Authors: Peng Jiangling , Fan Mingjie , An Chelsea , Ni Feng , Huang Wendong , Luo Jiankang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including Type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), Type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), GPR55, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). By modulating the activities of these receptors, CBD exhibits multiple therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer properties. CBD could also be applied to treat or prevent COVID‐19 and its complications. Here, we provide a narrative review of CBD's applications in human diseases: from mechanism of action to clinical trials.
Evolution of cephalic structures in extreme myrmecophiles: a lesson from Clavigeritae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: Jałoszyński Paweł , Luo Xiao‐Zhu , Beutel Rolf Georg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPselaphinae is a large subfamily, comprising over 10 000 species of the megadiverse Staphylinidae (rove beetles). A remarkable feature of this group is the extreme structural diversity of different body regions, especially the head and its appendages. Within Pselaphinae, Clavigeritae stand out as a clade of highly specialized myrmecophiles. We examined internal and external head structures of the clavigerite species Diartiger kubotai Nomura, using state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The cephalic morphology indicates in a phylogenetic context that the loss of eyes in some Clavigeritae was the latest of major evolutionary changes. We compiled the largest set of morphological data ever scored for the subfamily, comprising 155 characters of the head. Parsimony analyses and Bayesian inference yielded a similar phylogenetic pattern, largely congruent with results published previously. We retrieved Pselaphinae as a clade, and Faronitae as sister to all remaining groups of the subfamily. Faronitae are followed by a “Euplectitae grade” and non‐monophyletic Goniaceritae, Batrisitae and Pselaphitae. Clavigeritae are monophyletic, but have evolved within the pselaphite grade. The enigmatic Colilodion Besuchet, recently shifted from Clavigeritae to a paraphyletic Pselaphitae, was placed as sister to extant clavigerites based on an array of cephalic synapomorphies. The current classification of Pselaphinae is unstable and deep changes should be made maintaining only monophyletic units, whereas most of the supertribes are paraphyletic. Characters of the head, with a concentration of mouthparts and sensory structures, and essential parts of the digestive tract and the nervous system, are highly informative phylogenetically. Study of internal structures, presently still at a very preliminary stage, obviously is essential for understanding the evolution of Pselaphinae. Future genetic investigations may reveal mechanisms behind the unique structural megadiversity in this exceptional group of rove beetles.
Typifying conservation practitioners’ views on the role of education
Authors: Brias‐Guinart Aina , Korhonen‐Kurki Kaisa , Cabeza Mar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEducation is an established tool to enhance human–environment relationships, despite the lack of empirical evidence to support its use. We used theories of change to unpack assumptions about the role of education in conservation. We interviewed practitioners from 15 conservation organizations in Madagascar to typify implicit pathways of change and assess whether emerging pathways echo theoretical advances. Five pathways were drivers of change: increasing knowledge, changing emotional connection and changing traditional cultural practices, fostering leaders, diversifying outcomes, and influencing community and society. These pathways reflect existing sociopsychological theories on learning and behavioral change. Most interviewees’ organizations had a predominant pathway that was often combined with elements from other pathways. Most pathways lacked culturally grounded approaches. Our research reveals assumptions about the role of education in conservation and indicates that organizations had different ideas of how change happens. The diversity of practices reflects the complexity of factors that influence behavior. Whether this diversity is driven by local sociocultural context, interaction with other conservation approaches, or contingencies remains unclear. Yet, typifying the pathways of change and reflecting on them is the first step towards comprehensive evaluation of when and which pathways and interactions to promote.
Early humoral immune response to two doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine in a diverse group of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients
Authors: Huang Howard J. , Yi Stephanie G. , Mobley Constance M. , Saharia Ashish , Bhimaraj Arvind , Moore Linda W. , Kloc Malgorzata , Adrogue Horacio E. , Graviss Edward A. , Nguyen Duc T. , Eagar Todd N. , Jones Stephen L. , Ankoma‐Sey Victor , MacGillivray Thomas E. , Knight Richard J. , Gaber A. Osama , Ghobrial R. Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResponse to two doses of a nucleoside‐modified messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine was evaluated in a large solid‐organ transplant program. mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine was administered to transplant candidates and recipients who met study inclusion criteria. Qualitative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Total Immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgG‐specific assays, and a semi‐quantitative test for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein IgG were measured in 241 (17.2%) transplant candidates and 1163 (82.8%) transplant recipients; 55.2% of whom were non‐Hispanic White and 44.8% identified as another race. Transplant recipients were a median (IQR) of 3.2 (1.1, 6.8) years from transplantation. Response differed by transplant status: 96.0% versus 43.2% by the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Total Ig (candidates vs. recipients, respectively), 93.5% versus 11.6% by the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG assay, and 91.9% versus 30.1% by anti‐spike titers after two doses of vaccine. Multivariable analysis revealed candidates had higher likelihood of response versus recipients (odds ratio [OR], 14.6; 95 %CI 2.19, 98.11; P = .02). A slightly lower response was demonstrated in older patients (OR .96; 95 %CI .94, .99; P = .002), patients taking antimetabolites (OR, .21; 95% CI .08, .51; P = .001). Vaccination prior to transplantation should be encouraged.
On the creation of free‐standing emergency departments by hospitals—Some insights
Authors: Patidar Nitish , Lee Kang Bok , Weech‐Maldonado Robert , Bailur Rekha Prabhu , Rao Shashank 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmergency departments (EDs) are an integral part of many acute care hospitals. Recently, however, hospitals have been increasingly experimenting with a new type of ED, for example, freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs). These are EDs that are physically separate from acute care hospitals but provide many of the same services provided by traditional EDs. Because of this geographic decoupling between the parent hospital and the FSED, hospitals can potentially reach out and provide services to user groups that may otherwise have been located too far away to serve. While this sounds good in theory, some have argued that FSEDs often get located in geographically proximate markets, rather than truly underserved areas, thereby exacerbating health care inequities. The current study investigates hospitals setting up FSEDs and examines their accrued business impacts to the parent hospital. By gathering a panel dataset covering several years of FSED openings and hospital performance, we examine how market share and operating margins of parent hospitals are impacted when they set up FSEDs. Results indicate that while there are some positive performance implications for hospitals who create FSEDs, a majority of these benefits are seen only for the first FSED created. We contend that this finding is driven by the fact that FSEDs are unlikely to be able to truly reach out to untapped populations, on account of their inherent nature. In conclusion, we question whether FSEDs are indeed a scalable approach to increasing health care access and reach.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of semi‐circular bending specimen for mixed mode I/III and pure mode III fracture tests
Authors: Bakhshizadeh Majid , Pirmohammad Sadjad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper suggests a simple loading configuration for conducting the SCB (semi‐circular bend) tests on brittle materials to produce mixed mode I/III loadings. In the suggested test setup, the SCB specimen containing an inclined crack is loaded using a conventional three‐point bending fixture, but the bottom supports touches nearly half of the specimen thickness rather than the entire thickness. It is found that various mixed mode I/III loadings can be provided by rotating the crack, and especially the SCB specimen experiences pure mode III when the crack angle is set to be 90°. Different values of the crack length, span and crack angle are then considered in the numerical analyses to further study the proposed SCB test setup. Finally, several experiments are successfully conducted on the rock samples under various mixed mode I/III and pure mode III loadings to evaluate the SCB test setup in practical point of view.
Learning in migration management? Persistent side effects of the EUTF
Authors: Boersma Meindert , Koch Dirk‐Jan , Kroon Louise , McDougal Dion , Verhoeff Gijs , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study contributes to the existing literature on the unintended effects of migration management programmes beyond migration. By combining a structured literature review with fifteen in‐depth interviews with diplomats, consultants, and researchers – all involved with the European Union Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), the largest migration management programme since 2015 – this study examines why policymakers do not always learn from unintended effects. The paper identifies four unintended effects: increased border guard violence; increased organized crime of smugglers and undermined livelihoods; exacerbation of poor governance in recipient countries; and legitimation of governments with limited legitimacy. While officials involved in the EUTF recognize the occurrence of these unintended effects, the EUTF insufficiently addresses these effects. This study analyses the technical, institutional, and ideological limits to learning that prevent migration management instruments such as the EUTF from effectively mitigating unintended effects.
Sparser Ordinal Regression Models Based on Parametric and Additive Location‐Shift Approaches
Authors: Tutz Gerhard , Berger Moritz 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe potential of location‐shift models to find adequate models between the proportional odds model and the non‐proportional odds model is investigated. It is demonstrated that these models are very useful in ordinal modelling. While proportional odds models are often too simple, non‐proportional odds models are typically unnecessary complicated and seem widely dispensable. In addition, the class of location‐shift models is extended to allow for smooth effects. The additive location‐shift model contains two functions for each explanatory variable, one for the location and one for dispersion. It is much sparser than hard‐to‐handle additive models with category‐specific covariate functions but more flexible than common vector generalised additive models. An R package is provided that is able to fit parametric and additive location‐shift models.
Risks of ozonated oil and ozonated water on human skin: A systematic review
Authors: Leon Brian R. , Romary Daniel J. , Landsberger Sarah A. , Bradner K. Nicole , Ramirez Mirian , Lubitz Robert M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOzonated water and oil are emerging as potential dermatologic therapeutics, particularly for the treatment of various wounds. However, the safety of these liquids has not been extensively studied. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the risks of ozonated liquids to human skin tissue based on the available literature. We completed a structured search of five scientific databases and identified 378 articles for consideration. Based on pre‐established inclusion/exclusion criteria, nine studies were included in this review. Two studies specifically evaluated the cytotoxicity of ozonated liquids on human cells, five studies evaluated ozonated liquids in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one was a post‐market surveillance study, and one was a crossover study in humans. None of the included studies found any significant human dermatologic risks associated with ozonated water or liquid. Because of the small sample size, however, additional short‐ and long‐term RCTs specifically designed to evaluate the dermatological risks of ozonated liquids are recommended.
Pyroptosis in glioblastoma: A crucial regulator of the tumour immune microenvironment and a predictor of prognosis
Authors: Lin Jinhu , Lai Xiang , Liu Xiaoping , Yan Hua , Wu Changwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown that pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, has a dual role in tumorigenesis and tumour progression and affects the prognosis of patients; however, the role of pyroptosis in glioblastoma (GBM) is still unclear. In this study, based on GBM patients' data from two independent cohorts, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognostic value of 33 pyroptosis‐associated genes (PAGs) in GBM, as well as their role in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of GBM. We identified 29 PAGs that were differentially expressed between GBM and normal brain tissue, 18 of which were upregulated in GBM tissue. Most of the 33 PAGs were strongly correlated with the levels of immune cell infiltration. Based on the 33 PAGs, the GBM samples can be divided into two clusters (C1‐C2), with C1 having a ‘hot’ but immunosuppressive TIME and C2 having a ‘cold’ TIME, suggesting different immunotherapeutic responses in the two clusters. In addition, we identified four PAGs that were strongly associated with GBM prognosis and constructed a risk model based on these four PAGs. This risk model is an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients, and there is a different immune status between high‐ and low‐risk groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that pyroptosis is closely associated with the prognosis and TIME of GBM and provides an important basis for further studies on the relationship between pyroptosis and GBM.