bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twin-arginine translocase component TatB performs folding quality control via a chaperone-like activity
Authors: Taw May N. , Boock Jason T. , Sotomayor Belen , Kim Daniel , Rocco Mark A. , Waraho-Zhmayev Dujduan , DeLisa Matthew P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway involves an inbuilt quality control (QC) system that synchronizes the proofreading of substrate protein folding with lipid bilayer transport. However, the molecular details of this QC mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that the conformational state of Tat substrates is directly sensed by the TatB component of the bacterial Tat translocase. In support of this hypothesis, several TatB variants were observed to form functional translocases in vivo that had compromised QC activity as evidenced by the uncharacteristic export of several misfolded protein substrates. These variants each possessed cytoplasmic membrane-extrinsic domains that were either truncated or mutated in the vicinity of a conserved, highly flexible α-helical domain. In vitro folding experiments revealed that the TatB membrane-extrinsic domain behaved like a general molecular chaperone, transiently binding to highly structured, partially unfolded intermediates of a model protein, citrate synthase, in a manner that prevented its irreversible aggregation and stabilized the active species. Collectively, these results suggest that the Tat translocase may use chaperone-like client recognition to monitor the conformational status of its substrates.
Passive symmetry breaking of the space–time propagation in cavity dissipative solitons
Authors: Parshani Idan , Bello Leon , Meller Mallachi-Elia , Pe’er Avi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDissipative solitons are fundamental wave-pulses that preserve their form in the presence of periodic loss and gain. The canonical realization of dissipative solitons is Kerr-lens mode locking in lasers, which delicately balance nonlinear and linear propagation in both time and space to generate ultrashort optical pulses. This linear-nonlinear balance dictates a unique pulse energy, which cannot be increased (say by elevated pumping), indicating that excess energy is expected to be radiated in the form of dispersive or diffractive waves. Here we show that Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers can overcome this expectation. Specifically, by breaking the spatial symmetry between the forward and backward halves of the round-trip in a linear cavity, the laser can modify the soliton in space to incorporate the excess energy. Increasing the pump power leads therefore to a different soliton solution, rather than to dispersive/diffractive loss. We predict this symmetry breaking by a complete numerical simulation of the spatio-temporal dynamics in the cavity, and confirm it experimentally in a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser with quantitative agreement to the simulation. The simulation opens a window to directly observe the nonlinear space-time dynamics that molds the soliton pulse, and possibly to optimize it.
Heatwave–blocking relation change likely dominates over decrease in blocking frequency under global warming
Authors: Chan Pak Wah , Catto Jennifer L. , Collins Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtra-tropical continental summer heatwaves often occur under persistent anticyclones or blocking. Here we partition heatwave changes into contributions from blocking changes, heatwave–blocking relation change and mean temperature increase, under global warming in climate models. We employ an optimized blocking index that best correlates with heatwaves (Pearson correlation of 0.7) and find heatwave-driving blocking decreases but the change in heatwave–blocking relation likely dominates. Over Europe, with a historical heatwave frequency of 2.5%, less blocking will cause 0.6% fewer heatwaves, steepened heatwave–blocking relation will cause 1.4% more heatwaves, and the mean temperature increase will cause 60% more heatwaves. Over Greenland, flattened heatwave–blocking relation will dominate over the insignificant decrease in blocking. The future increase in heatwave frequency is not caused by changes in blocking frequency, but by factors such as thermodynamics, that enhance the capacity of blocking to drive heatwaves.
Selective recruitment of stress-responsive mRNAs to ribosomes for translation by acetylated protein S1 during nutrient stress in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Bai-Qing , Chen Zong-Qin , Dong Yu-Qi , You Di , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe chemical modification of ribosomes plays an important regulatory role in cellular translation adaptation in response to environmental stresses. Nevertheless, how the modified ribosome reprograms the translation machinery for the preferential expression of the specific mRNAs encoding stress-responsive proteins to stress remains poorly understood. Here, we find that AcP-induced acetylation of K411 and K464 in ribosomal protein S1 during carbon-nitrogen imbalance, which in turn impacts its binding with distinct mRNAs. S1 acetylation shows differential selectivity for recruiting subsets of mRNAs to ribosomes. Using the RNC-Seq method, we find that mimic acetylated S1 prefers transcripts related with the formation of flagella/biofilms, two-component systems, nitrogen assimilation, amino acid degradation, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas inhibits the translation of mRNAs involved in amino acid biosynthesis and most ribosomal proteins. Importantly, further characterization of S1-binding site (SBS) sequences of mRNAs with different translation efficiencies indicated that the presence of a conserved motif allows coordinated regulation of S1 acetylation-driven translation reprogramming for cell survival during nitrogen starvation. These findings expand the repertoire of ribosome heterogeneity to the acetylation level of S1 at specific sites and its role in the ribosome-mediated regulation of gene expression as a cellular response at the translational level to stress.
Designing and Implementing a Community Aphasia Group: An Illustrative Case Study of the Aphasia Group of Middle Tennessee
Authors: Levy Deborah F. , Kasdan Anna V. , Bryan Katherine M. , Wilson Stephen M. , de Riesthal Michael , Herrington Dominique P. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Community aphasia groups serve an important purpose in enhancing the quality of life and psychosocial well-being of individuals with chronic aphasia. Here, we describe the Aphasia Group of Middle Tennessee, a community aphasia group with a 17-year (and continuing) history, housed within Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee.

Method:
We describe in detail the history, philosophy, design, curriculum, and facilitation model of this group. We also present both quantitative and qualitative outcomes from group members and their loved ones.

Results:
Group members and their loved ones alike indicated highly positive assessments of the format and value of the Aphasia Group of Middle Tennessee.

Conclusion:
By characterizing in detail the successful Aphasia Group of Middle Tennessee, we hope this can serve as a model for clinicians interested in starting their own community aphasia groups, in addition to reaching individuals living with chronic aphasia and their loved ones through the accessible and aphasia-friendly materials provided with this clinical focus article.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20520783
Multivariate bias corrections of CMIP6 model simulations of compound dry and hot events across China
Authors: Meng Yu , Hao Zengchao , Feng Sifang , Guo Qiang , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate model simulations provide useful information to assess changes in climate extremes (e.g. droughts and hot extremes) under global warming for climate policies and mitigation measures. Due to systematic biases in climate model simulations, bias correction (BC) methods have been employed to improve simulations of climate variables such as precipitation and temperature. Previous studies mostly focus on individual variables while the correction of precipitation-temperature (P-T) dependence, which is closely related to compound dry and hot events (CDHEs) that may lead to amplified impacts, is still limited. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the multivariate BC (MBC) approach (i.e. MBCn and MBCr) for adjusting P-T dependence and associated likelihoods of CDHEs in China based on 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models with observations from CN05.1. Data for the period 1961–1987 were used for model calibrations and those for 1988–2014 were used for model validations. Overall, the MBC can improve the simulation of P-T dependence and associated CDHEs with large regional variations. For P-T dependence, the median values of root mean squared error (RMSE) for corrected simulations show a decreased bias of 5.0% and 4.3% for MBCn and MBCr, respectively, compared with those of raw CMIP6 models. For the likelihood of CDHEs, a decrease of 1.0% and 7.2% in RMSE is shown based on the MBCn and MBCr, respectively. At the regional scale, the performance of the MBC varies substantially, with the reduced RMSE up to 34.8% and 18.7% for P-T dependence and likelihood of CDHEs, respectively, depending on regions and MBC methods. This study can provide useful insights for improving model simulations of compound weather and climate extremes for impact studies and mitigation measures.
Implementing Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Into Current Hematology Algorithms
Authors: Lundgren Cory R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This systematic review investigates reticulocyte hemoglobin’s capabilities in screening iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia with and without comorbidities.

Methods
Participant background and laboratory characteristics were extracted from 14 unique studies between 2015 and 2022. Hemoglobin, reticulocyte hemoglobin, and mean cell volume (MCV) values were used in a meta-analysis for iron-deficiency anemia with no secondary conditions. Mean laboratory values for each patient population were calculated and then used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. The ferritin and reticulocyte hemoglobin ranges were calculated using the mean values.

Results
The meta-analysis demonstrates that hemoglobin and MCV values do not significantly differ between studies, unlike reticulocyte hemoglobin values. The reticulocyte hemoglobin range is smaller than ferritin for the controls, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia. Reticulocyte hemoglobin values less than 26 pg can distinguish iron-deficiency anemia, while 26 to 31.5 pg can distinguish iron deficiency, with an AUC of 0.889. The sensitivity and specificity are 92.3% and 100% for iron-deficiency anemia, 100% and 81.5% for iron deficiency, and 94.4% and 71.4% for both, respectively (reference range, &lt;31.5 pg).

Conclusions
Reticulocyte hemoglobin is potentially a quick screening test for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia.
Incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA
Authors: Kondziella Daniel , Amiri Moshgan , Othman Marwan H , Beghi Ettore , Bodien Yelena G , Citerio Giuseppe , Giacino Joseph T , Mayer Stephan A , Lawson Thomas N , Menon David K , Rass Verena , Sharshar Tarek , Stevens Robert D , Tinti Lorenzo , Vespa Paul , McNett Molly , Venkatasubba Rao Chethan P , Helbok Raimund ,   Curing Coma Campaign Collaborators, Akbari Yama , Boly Melanie , Dangayach Neha , Edlow Brian , Foreman Brandon , Gilmore Emily , Hammond Flora M , Hemphill J Claude , Human Theresa , Madden Lori Kennedy , Mainali Shraddha , Meyfroidt Geert , Monti Martin , Nakase-Richardson Risa , Nyquist Paul , Olson DaiWai , Park Soojin , Provencio Jose Javier , Puybasset Louis , Sarwal Aarti , Shutter Lori , Witherspoon Briana , Whyte John , Ziai Wendy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The epidemiology of coma is unknown because case ascertainment with traditional methods is difficult. Here, we used crowdsourcing methodology to estimate the incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA. We recruited UK and US laypeople (aged ≥18 years) who were nationally representative (i.e. matched for age, gender and ethnicity according to census data) of the UK and the USA, respectively, utilizing a crowdsourcing platform. We provided a description of coma and asked survey participants if they—‘right now’ or ‘within the last year’—had a family member in coma. These participants (UK n = 994, USA n = 977) provided data on 30 387 family members (UK n = 14 124, USA n = 16 263). We found more coma cases in the USA (n = 47) than in the UK (n = 20; P = 0.009). We identified one coma case in the UK (0.007%, 95% confidence interval 0.00–0.04%) on the day of the survey and 19 new coma cases (0.13%, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.21%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 135/100 000 (95% confidence interval 81–210) and a point prevalence of 7 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 0.18–39.44) in the UK. We identified five cases in the USA (0.031%, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.07%) on the day of the survey and 42 new cases (0.26%, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.35%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 258/100 000 (95% confidence interval 186–349) and a point prevalence of 31 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 9.98–71.73) in the USA. The five most common causes were stroke, medically induced coma, COVID-19, traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest. To summarize, for the first time, we report incidence and prevalence estimates for coma across diagnosis types and settings in the UK and the USA using crowdsourcing methods. Coma may be more prevalent in the USA than in the UK, which requires further investigation. These data are urgently needed to expand the public health perspective on coma and disorders of consciousness.
Holding the Sacred Accountable: The Dynamics of the State–Religion Relationship and Media Freedom
Authors: Sandal Nukhet , Whitten-Woodring Jenifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
How does government involvement in religion affect media freedom? One of the primary roles of independent news media is to hold government accountable, but will governments with official policies for or against religion accept this check on power? This study investigates the effect of government involvement in religion on media freedom. Previous empirical studies have shown that authoritarian regimes may tolerate free media in order to remain informed about lower level bureaucratic performance and potential rebellion, but we hypothesize that states with greater involvement in religion are more likely to control news media because freedom of the press may be seen as a political threat to their ideological authority. Using a multimethod approach, we test our hypothesis with a statistical analysis across countries from 1991 to 2014. We find that government involvement in religion does have a negative effect on media freedom. We then put these findings in context with a case illustration of the changes in media freedom in Greece, a democracy with a high level of government support for religion.
Implications of placentation type on species-specific colostrum properties in mammals
Authors: Bigler Naomi A , Bruckmaier Rupert M , Gross Josef J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaternal care is essential to optimally support survival of the offspring. During evolution of mammalian species, different phenotypes have evolved in relation to gestation length, number, size, and maturation stage of the offspring at parturition, as well as colostrum and milk composition. The aim of the present review is to describe relationships between placental function and colostrum and milk composition in different mammalian species. Species covered in this article include humans, rabbits, rodents (rat and mouse), carnivores (cats and dogs), and a variety of ungulate species (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses). Species-specific aspects are elucidated with a special focus on the transfer of passive immunity. In this regard, the structure and thus the capability of the placenta to transport immunoglobulins from maternal to fetal circulation in utero dictates the necessity of the passive transfer of immunity via colostrum. Consequently, species with exclusive postpartal transfer of immunity such as in all ungulate species have greater immunoglobulin G concentrations in colostrum than species with a prepartal transfer in utero, where especially immunoglobulin A with its local immune function in the gastrointestinal tract is present in colostrum (e.g., rabbit and human). In terms of the nutritional purpose, suckling frequency is an important factor determining the gross composition of colostrum as well as in the mature milk of these species. Milk of nidicolous animals with long intervals in-between suckling events contains more fat than milk of nidifugous animals with constant access to their mother. However, the importance of colostrum and milk consumption for newborn animals and human babies goes beyond nutrition and the transfer of immunity. Numerous bioactive components such as growth factors, hormones, and oligosaccharides are enriched in colostrum and transition milk, which support the development of the intestinal tract and local immune system.
Rabbit Immunity to the Rabbit Tick, Haemaphysalis Leporispalustris (Agari: Ixodidae): I. The development of resistance
Authors: Boese Jack L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to ticks, manifested as a reduction in the number of nymphs supported through engorgement, was developed in rabbits subjected to a series of nymphal tick infestations. Resistance appeared in rabbits receiving their initial exposure to nymphal ticks approximately 6 to 10 days after ticks were paced on them. It increased to become maximal between about 10 and 16 days, and then declined if a 2nd group of nymphs was not placed on the rabbits during this time. Although a single infestation of nymphs usually produced resistance, its detection by means of a 2nd infestation thus depended upon the time elapsed between the 2 feedings. The development of the immunity appeared to depend less on the number of ticks per infestation than on the frequency of infestation. A homocytotropic antibody was found in the sera of immune rabbits.
A Collection of Reptilian Chiggers from Thailand with Descriptions of three New Species (Acari: Prostigmata, Trombiculidae) and Preliminary Notes on their Biologies
Authors: Nadchatram M. , Kethley John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three new species of chiggers from Thailand are described and illustrated: Herpetacarus leptochaeta and Microtrombicula chamlongi, both from the skink, Riopa bowringi, and H. cadigani from the gecko, Phyllodactylus siamensis. Preliminary analysis of host-parasite relationships suggests site preferences for 3 species, H. leprochaeta, M. chamlongi and Babiangia parmifera (Womersley) on Riopa bowringi and an ecological separation of these species with respect to the host macrohabitat.
Using a Cloud-Based Machine Learning Classification Tree Analysis to Understand the Demographic Characteristics Associated With COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Meng Lu , Fast Hannah E , Saelee Ryan , Zell Elizabeth , Murthy Bhavini Patel , Murthy Neil Chandra , Lu Peng-Jun , Shaw Lauren , Harris LaTreace , Gibbs-Scharf Lynn , Chorba Terence 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A tree model identified adults age ≤34 years, Johnson & Johnson primary series recipients, people from racial/ethnic minority groups, residents of nonlarge metro areas, and those living in socially vulnerable communities in the South as less likely to be boosted. These findings can guide clinical/public health outreach toward specific subpopulations.
Introduction
Authors: Baumgartner Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The introduction establishes Jean-Luc Godard’s predilection for experimenting with recorded music from the time of his early short films in the late 1950s until his last feature films in the 2010s. The introduction first theorizes Godard’s film music aesthetic, which closely correlates with his understanding of all other filmic devices. Godard practices a hands-on approach to filmmaking by exploring self-reflexively cinematic possibilities through experimenting with the visual and sonic material in postproduction, not unlike a bricoleur, as defined by Claude Lévi-Strauss. By questioning with sustained skepticism the established automatism in cinema, as outlined by Stanley Cavell, Godard introduced new strategies of cinematic expressions which have eventually become automatisms themselves (e.g., the jump cut). The self-reflexive foregrounding of the arbitrariness of all filmic devices encompasses in Godard’s work all artistic levels, from scenario to montage. Godard approaches film music through the same self-reflexive lens. His theoretical understanding and practical use of film music is synonymous with the concept of metafilm music. A comprehensive discussion defines metafilm music as film music (self-)consciously referring to other film music and also to its own role as film music. Metafilm music further invites the audience to think with film music about film music. The introduction concludes with a brief overview of the book’s chapters, discussing Godard’s various self-reflexive approaches to music in his copious filmic and videographic oeuvre encompassing a period of more than sixty years.
Leitmotif Technique Revisited
Authors: Baumgartner Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates film music made up of the same short musical fragment repeated several times throughout a film. As a self-reflexive device, these identical fragments attract the attention of the spectator, for they are identically repeated multiple times, and they often begin and end in the middle of a musical phrase, harshly disrupting the cinematic flow. These succinct musical cues, often mixed unusually loudly into the soundtrack, break with the tradition of classical Hollywood and conventional European mainstream film music and challenge the dramaturgical function of music in cinema altogether. Godard critically questions one of the core concepts of film music: the leitmotif technique. In his early 1960s films, the identical musical fragment correlates the same narrowly defined signified with each repetition. Godard limits the interpretation of the music’s function by having the same musical fragment adhering to one specific visual or aural component. The fragments represent in Vivre sa vie and Pierrot le fou mnemonic signs that are indices—in Charles Sanders Pierce’s sense—for, respectively, love or death. The fact that these themes appear multiple times unchanged in the course of the same film and that they explicitly correlate to always the same extra-musical trope signals that Godard not only questions the usefulness of the leitmotif technique but altogether denounces it as a viable approach to film scoring. Since he thinks with the leitmotif technique about the function of film music, the scores in Pierrot le fou and Vivre sa vie can thus be interpreted as metafilm music.