bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Maternal Thrombocytopenia on Pregnancy Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Khursheed Saaliyah , Sameen Duri , Farhat Deeba , A. Dar Sheeraz 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Platelets are non -nucleated cellular fragments of megakaryocytes, they play a critical role in haemostasis. Thrombocytopenia is a common medical disorder and is defined as platelet count less than 150,000/µl.
Objective: To study the aetiology of maternal thrombocytopenia and its effect on pregnancy outcomes.
Subjects and Methods: This prospective study was carried over a period of two years from July 2015-May2017 in SKIMS Medical College Bemina. Pregnant women with low platelet counts (count less than 150,000 /µl) in third trimester were taken as cases and rest served as controlled. All the thrombocytopenic cases were followed up throughout the antenatal period till delivery to record any complications that may develop due to low platelet counts. Platelet counts were repeated in the postpartum period at 1 & 6 weeks. Babies of all cases were tested for thrombocytopenia.
Results: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant Kashmiri females was found to be 9.38%. Most cases were due to the condition labelled as gestational thrombocytopenia, the exact cause of which is unknown. It accounted for 60.2% of cases. Obstetric causes accounted for 23.2% of cases and medical causes accounted for 16% of cases. The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in cases was 6.8% and in controls 2.4%, though the incidence is higher but statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: No significant increase in maternal complications and pregnancy seen with regards to thrombocytopenia.
Analysis of Bleeding and Clotting Time among Patients Visiting a Private Dental Hospital - an Institutional Study
Authors: Kameswari S. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Detection of dental problems starts from childhood, with regular check-ups to the dental specialist. Hemostasis is a stoppage of bleeding from damaged veins which includes a number of endothelial cells from vessels, small venules, or arterioles, then platelet plug is formed and eventually the bleeding stops.
Aim: The main aim of this study is to analyse the Bleeding time and Clotting time among the patients visiting the private dental hospital.
Materials and Methods: This study was based on the comparison of bleeding and clotting time among the patients. Samples size for the present study was collected from Jun 2019 to Feb 2021 using Dental hospital management study. This study includes 3428 patients. SPSS software had been used in the analysis and the results were described in the pictorial graphs.
Results: Among the total patients, 41.45% of them were males and 58.55% of them were females. It was observed that the females had a higher percentage of both bleeding time (1 min 21 sec) with p=0.402 and clotting time (6 min 11 sec) with p=0.300 compared to males. However, this was not statistically significant, as the chi square test showed p > 0.05.
Conclusion: Dentists are facing a consistently increasing number of conditions associated with abnormal hemostatic function. In this study, it is found that females have more bleeding and clotting time as compared to males due to the hormonal differences.
The Pattern of Occlusal Contact in Lateral Mandibular Jaw Position
Authors: Arshad Mubeen , Mustafa Muhammad , Hanif Saima , Salam Aimon , Naz Irum , Aslam Fahad 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the pattern of occlusal contacts in lateral jaw position of the mandibles in different of molar classification.
Study Design: Observational study.
Setting: Study carried out at Department of Prosthodontics; Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS, Jamshoro, Pakistan from June 2020 to December 2020.
Materials and Methods: Subjects having normal Angle’s class 1 occlusal alignment, both male and females aged between 20-30 years old and subjects having full dentition with the exception for third molars were included the study. While Subjects with severe attrition problems, Subjects were placed in a dental chair with the Frankfurt level parallel to the floor. The interocclusal contacts were recorded with 12μ thick shim stock in four lateral positions on both sides; 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm measured with Vernier caliper from the maximum intercuspation point. The shim stock was placed on the occlusal surface on the right side, and the subject was asked to close his/her mandible in the maximum intercuspation position. While a constant pulling force was maintained on the shim stock, the subject was then asked to perform a habitual gliding movement to the right. When the subject’s mandible was moved 0.5 mm right from the intercuspal position, the presence or absence of an occlusal contact were examined and recorded.
Results: From 81 patients, the minimum age was found 20 years and maximum age was 30 years with mean and standard deviation of the age was 25.40 ± 2.84 years. Males were 44/81 (54.3%) while females were 33/81 (45.7%). The different lateral positions on right side of tooth of patients at 0.5 mm were 225, 1 mm were 176, 2 mm were 161 and 3 mm were 140. The different lateral positions on left side of tooth of patients at 0.5mm were 197, 1 mm were 171, 2mm were 146 and 3 mm were 123.
Conclusion: In the current study, significant association was found between tooth number and first molar tooth lateral position on right side but there was no significant association for other positions and between tooth numbers and different lateral position on left side.
Marginal Bone Level and Bone Quality Evaluation Using CBCT after Functional Loading around Dental Implant in the Population of Bhubaneswar, Odisha: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jha Snehjyoti , Pathi Jugajyoti , Sangamesh N. C. , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Sikdar Abhik , Dash Monalisa 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The importance of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the field of Implant Planning is a rapidly emerging imaging modality for the purpose of implant planning. Having the obvious benefits over the conventional methods of radiography, CBCT by far is the most promising aid in the efficient implant-supported prosthetic field.
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the bone density and the height and width around dental implants and compare it to that of the edentulous space before placing the implant.
Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar. A total of 20 subjects from the CBCT database of the department with a single posterior edentulous space indicated for implant-supported dental prosthesis were selected. Approval of the Ethical Committee was taken. A pre-implant radiographic assessment was done with the help of CBCT, to evaluate the crestal height, crestal width and bone density, followed by surgical placement of the implant. After 6 months of implant placement, a post-operative radiographic assessment was done to evaluate the same parameters.
Results: The mean difference of pre- and post-implant crestal width was 0.57 (p<0.001), crestal height was 0.5 (p<0.001) and bone density was 58.2 (p<0.001). It was observed that the mean crestal height, width and bone density was higher in the post-operative radiographic assessment compared to the pre-operative radiographic assessment and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: From the given results, it can be concluded that alveolar bone width, height and bone density were significantly improved after implant placement and the osseointegration occurring after implant prosthesis greatly improves the periodontal status of the peri-implant tissues.
Homocysteine Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pathan Eram , Lohano Ashok Kumar , Rind Muhammad Saleem , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ayaz Attiya , Devi Durga , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of elevated homocysteine levels in acute ischemic stroke patients presenting to the medical department, civil hospital, Nawabshah.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine Civil Hospital, Nawabshah from 13/02/2021 to 12/08/2021. It included ischemic stroke patients and evaluated their homocysteine levels (≥15µmol/L were elevated). Homocysteine levels was compared then in relation with the other sub-groups of patients based on the age group, gender and obesity, smoking, hypertensive and diabetic status, and hyperlipidemia.
Results: There were 171 (64.5%) males and 94 (35.5%) females with mean age 49.9 ± 5.8 years Elevated levels of homocysteine were recorded in 140 (52.8%) patients with acute ischemic stroke. The frequency of elevated levels of homocysteine across various subgroups of patients in relation to age, gender, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia was found to be insignificant.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show patients with acute ischemic stroke had elevated levels of homocysteine which suggests potential implications of homocysteine level assessment in the diagnostic workup as well as risk stratification and management planning of patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting in future medical practice.
Pinning and self‐adaptive control to the couple‐group consensus of heterogeneous fractional multi‐agent systems with cooperative‐competitive relation
Authors: Pu Xingcheng , Cheng Zhengxing 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIn this article, the couple‐group consensus of a class of heterogeneous fractional multi‐agent systems with time‐varying delay (HFMASs) has been studied. Based on cooperative‐competitive interaction, pinning and self‐adaptive controller has been designed to realize the couple‐group consensus for this system with single integrator and double integrator fractional‐order dynamics. By using Lyapunov function, mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT) technology, stability theory and delta operator method, some sufficient conditions have been obtained to guard the success of couple‐consensus for this HFMASs with fixed or switching topologies. According to these sufficient conditions, the related feasible solutions can be solved by using liner matrix inequality (LMI). In addition, these results are also applicable to the system with weakly connected topology without containing a spanning tree or meeting the demand of equilibrium of degree. Finally, several simulation experiments have been presented to prove the validity of the related results.
Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Material Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Xie Xiaohong , Du Lei , Yan Litao , Park Sehkyu , Qiu Yang , Sokolowski Joshua , Wang Wei , Shao Yuyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) generally exists in electrochemistry‐enabled applications that are coupled with cathodic reactions like hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, ammonia synthesis, and electrocatalytic hydrogenation. The OER heavily impacts the overall energy efficiency of these devices because the sluggish OER kinetics result in a huge overpotential, thus, a large amount of efficient catalysts are needed. The benchmark iridium and ruthenium (Ir/Ru)‐based materials (mostly used in acid media) are, however, significantly limited by their scarcity. Non‐precious metal‐based catalysts (NPMCs) have emerged as the most promising alternatives; however, they tend to degrade quickly under the harsh operating conditions of typical OER devices. Another challenge is the unsatisfying performance of OER catalysts when integrated in real‐world devices. Herein, the OER active sites for three mainstream types of NPMCs including non‐precious transition metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides, metal‐free carbon materials, and hybrid non‐precious metal and carbon composites are reviewed. In addition, possible degradation mechanisms for active sites and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail. This review also provides insights into the gaps between R&D of NPMCs for the OER and their applications in practical devices.
Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Biomacromolecules through Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Authors: Tian Yu , Tirrell Matthew V. , LaBelle James L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiomacromolecules have long been at the leading edge of academic and pharmaceutical drug development and clinical translation. With the clinical advances of new therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acids, the array of medical applications of biomacromolecules has broadened considerably. A major on‐going effort is to expand therapeutic targets within intracellular locations. Owing to their large sizes, abundant charges, and hydrogen‐bond donors and acceptors, advanced delivery technologies are required to deliver biomacromolecules effectively inside cells. In this review, strategies used for the intracellular delivery of three major forms of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, are highlighted. An emphasis is placed on synthetic delivery approaches and the major hurdles needed to be overcome for their ultimate clinical translation.
Intelligent Paper‐Free Sprayable Skin Mask Based on an In Situ Formed Janus Hydrogel of an Environmentally Friendly Polymer
Authors: Cai Caiyun , Tang Jingyu , Zhang Yi , Rao Weihan , Cao Dinglingge , Guo Wen , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional skin care masks usually use a piece of paper to hold the aqueous essences, which are not environmentally friendly and not easy to use. While a paper‐free mask is desired, it is faced with a dilemma of moisture holding and rapid release of encapsulated bioactive substances. Herein, a paper‐free sprayable skin mask is designed from an intelligent material—a thermogel which undergoes sol–gel‐suspension transitions upon heating—to solve this dilemma. A synthesized block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) with appropriate ratios can be dissolved in water, and thus easily mixed with a biological substance. The mixture is sprayable. After spraying, a Janus film is formed in situ with a physical gel on the outside and a suspension on the inside facing skin. Thus, both moisture holding and rapid release are achieved. Such a thermogel composed of biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymers loaded with nicotinamide as a skin mask is verified to reduce pigmentation on a 3D pigmented reconstructed epidermis model and further in a clinical study. This work might be stimulating for investigations and applications of biodegradable and intelligent soft matter in the fields of drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
Manipulating Crystallization Kinetics in High‐Performance Blade‐Coated Perovskite Solar Cells via Cosolvent‐Assisted Phase Transition
Authors: Liang Qiong , Liu Kuan , Sun Mingzi , Ren Zhiwei , Fong Patrick W. K. , Huang Jiaming , Qin Minchao , Wu Zehan , Shen Dong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Hao Jianhua , Lu Xinhui , Huang Bolong , Li Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractManipulating the perovskite solidification process, including nucleation and crystal growth, plays a critical role in controlling film morphology and thus affects the resultant device performance. In this work, a facile and effective ethyl alcohol (EtOH) cosolvent strategy is demonstrated with the incorporation of EtOH into perovskite ink for high‐performance room‐temperature blade‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules. Systematic real‐time perovskite crystallization studies uncover the delicate perovskite structural evolutions and phase‐transition pathway. Time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations both demonstrate that EtOH in the mixed‐solvent system significantly promotes the formation of an FA‐based precursor solvate (FA2PbBr4·DMSO) during the trace‐solvent‐assisted transition process, which finely regulates the balance between nucleation and crystal growth to guarantee high‐quality perovskite films. This strategy efficiently suppresses nonradiative recombination and improves efficiencies in both 1.54 (23.19%) and 1.60 eV (22.51%) perovskite systems, which represents one of the highest records for blade‐coated PSCs in both small‐area devices and minimodules. An excellent VOC deficit as low as 335 mV in the 1.54 eV perovskite system, coincident with the measured nonradiative recombination loss of only 77 mV, is achieved. More importantly, significantly enhanced device stability is another signature of this approach.
One‐Pot Conversion of Glucose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural using MOFs and Brønsted‐Acid Tandem Catalysts
Authors: Lara‐Serrano Marta , Morales‐delaRosa Silvia , Campos‐Martin Jose M. , Abdelkader‐Fernández Víctor K. , Cunha‐Silva Luís , Balula Salete S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe direct conversion reaction of glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is studied using metal organic framework (MOF) as Lewis‐acid catalysts and a polyoxometalate (POM), silicotungstic acid, as a Brønsted‐type acid with a mixture of 1% glucose solution in γ‐valerolactone (GVL)‐10% H2O at 140 °C. The study is carried out with two routes: one using MOF and POM tandem catalysts added independently and the other through the synthesis of a composite material denoted POM@MOF. The activity tests show that the profiles of the conversion and yield of HMF achieved in both routes are similar, with the reactions with MIL‐53(Al) and MIL‐101(Cr) catalysts producing the highest yield of HMF (40% after 8 h of reaction). Stability tests are performed on the POM@MOF catalysts based on MIL‐53(Al) and MIL‐101(Cr). MIL‐53(Al) and HSiW@MIL‐101(Cr) can be reused, showing a progressive loss in HMF yield due to the leaching of POM.
Edge State Quantum Interference in Twisted Graphitic Interfaces
Authors: Oz Annabelle , Dutta Debopriya , Nitzan Abraham , Hod Oded , Koren Elad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZigzag edges in graphitic systems exhibit localized electronic states that drastically affect their properties. Here, room‐temperature charge transport experiments across a single graphitic interface are reported, in which the interlayer current is confined to the contact edges. It is shown that the current exhibits pronounced oscillations of up to ≈40 µA with a dominant period of ≈5 Å with respect to lateral displacement that do not directly correspond to typical graphene lattice spacing. The origin of these features is computationally rationalized as quantum mechanical interference of localized edge states showing significant amplitude and interlayer coupling variations as a function of the interface stacking configuration. Such interference effects may therefore dominate the transport properties of low‐dimensional graphitic interfaces.
Designing Self‐Assembling Chimeric Peptide Nanoparticles with High Stability for Combating Piglet Bacterial Infections
Authors: Tan Peng , Tang Qi , Xu Shenrui , Zhang Yucheng , Fu Huiyang , Ma Xi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a novel type of antibiotic alternative, peptide‐based antibacterial drug shows potential application prospects attributable to their unique mechanism for lysing the membrane of pathogenic bacteria. However, peptide‐based antibacterial drugs suffer from a series of problems, most notably their immature stability, which seriously hinders their application. In this study, self‐assembling chimeric peptide nanoparticles (which offer excellent stability in the presence of proteases and salts) are constructed and applied to the treatment of bacterial infections. In vitro studies are used to demonstrate that peptide nanoparticles NPs1 and NPs2 offer broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity and desirable biocompatibility, and they retain their antibacterial ability in physiological salt environments. Peptide nanoparticles NPs1 and NPs2 can resist degradation under high concentrations of proteases. In vivo studies illustrate that the toxicity caused by peptide nanoparticles NPs1 and NPs2 is negligible, and these nanoparticles can alleviate systemic bacterial infections in mice and piglets. The membrane permeation mechanism and interference with the cell cycle differ from that of antibiotics and mean that the nanoparticles are at a lower risk of inducing drug resistance. Collectively, these advances may accelerate the development of peptide‐based antibacterial nanomaterials and can be applied to the construction of supramolecular nanomaterials.
Electrochemically Reconstructed Cu‐FeOOH/Fe3O4 Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Yang Chenfan , Zhong Wenda , Shen Ke , Zhang Qin , Zhao Rong , Xiang Hui , Wu Jing , Li Xuanke , Yang Nianjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurface self‐reconstruction via incorporating an amorphous structure on the surface of a catalyst can induce abundant defects and unsaturated sites for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Herein, an electrochemical activation method is proposed to reconstruct the surface of a Cu‐Fe3O4 catalyst. Following a “dissolution–redeposition” path, the defective FeOOH is formed under potential stimulation on the surface of the Cu‐Fe3O4 precursor during the electrochemical activation process. This Cu‐FeOOH/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits excellent stability as well as extremely low overpotential toward the alkaline HER (e.g., 129 and 285 mV at the large current densities of −100 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively), much superior to the Pt/C catalyst. The experimental and density functional theory calculation results demonstrate that the Cu‐FeOOH/Fe3O4 catalyst has abundant oxygen vacancies, featuring optimized surface chemical composition and electronic structure for improving the active sites and intrinsic activity. Introducing defective FeOOH on the surface of a Cu‐Fe3O4 catalyst by means of an electrochemical activation method decreases the energy barrier of both H2O dissociation and H2 generation. Such a surface self‐reconstruction strategy provides a new avenue toward the production of efficient non‐noble metal catalysts for the HER.
High‐Ranged ZT Value Promotes Thermoelectric Cooling and Power Generation in n‐Type PbTe
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wu Haijun , Shi Haonan , Xu Liqing , Zhu Yuke , Qin Yongxin , Peng Guyang , Zhang Yang , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Ding Xiangdong , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcellent thermoelectric cooling and power generation are simultaneously realized in an n‐type PbTe‐based thermoelectric material. The cooling temperature difference (ΔT) of ≈15.6 K, maximum power density of ≈0.4 W cm−2 and conversion efficiency of ≈1.5% with TC = 295 K and TH = 765 K can be obtained in a single‐leg device composed of PbTe‐30%SnSe‐1.5%Cu. This advanced thermoelectric performance in n‐type PbTe‐30%SnSe‐1.5%Cu mainly originates from its high‐ranged ZT value achieved through optimizing its bandgap, carrier density, and microstructure. The bandgap in PbTe is first reduced by SnSe alloying to facilitate the carrier transport properties at low temperature range (300–573 K). With further tuned carrier density, the average power factor increases from ≈10.2 µW cm−1 K−2 in Pb0.985Sb0.015Te‐30%SnSe to ≈16.2 µW cm−1 K−2 in PbTe‐30%SnSe‐1.5%Cu at 300–773 K. Moreover, microstructure observation reveals high‐density dislocations in PbTe‐30% SnSe‐1.5% Cu, which can dramatically suppress the room‐temperature lattice thermal conductivity from ≈2.21 Wm−1 K−1 in Pb0.985Sb0.015Te to ≈0.53 Wm−1 K−1 in PbTe‐30%SnSe‐1.5%Cu. As a result, a room‐temperature ZT value of ≈0.7 and high average ZT value (ZTave) of ≈0.98 can be obtained in PbTe‐30%SnSe‐1.5%Cu at 300–573 K, which makes its performance comparable to the commercial n‐type Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric material.