bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin and intranasal administration of the oxytocin derivative improve β‐amyloid peptide (25–35)‐induced memory impairment in mice
Authors: Takahashi Junpei , Ueta Yudai , Yamada Daisuke , Sasaki‐Hamada Sachie , Iwai Takashi , Akita Tomomi , Yamashita Chikamasa , Saitoh Akiyoshi , Oka Jun‐Ichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimWe previously reported that oxytocin, a peptide hormone, can reverse the β‐amyloid peptide (25–35) (Aβ25–35)‐induced impairments of the murine hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study, we examined the effects of oxytocin on the Aβ25–35‐induced impairment of cognitive behavior in murine in order to investigate the potential of oxytocin as a clinical treatment tool for Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe Y‐maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed. Since the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration is both invasive and impractical, we further utilized intranasal (IN) delivery to the brain. For this purpose, we prepared an oxytocin derivative containing cell‐penetrating peptides and a penetration accelerating sequence, which was subsequently used in our IN administration experiments.ResultsWe herein showed that the ICV administration of oxytocin in mice exerted memory‐improving effects on the Aβ25–35‐induced amnesia in both the Y‐maze and MWM tests. The IN administration of the oxytocin derivative exhibited memory‐improving effects in the Y‐maze test. Moreover, we acquired evidence that the fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled oxytocin derivative was distributed throughout the mouse brain following its IN administration.ConclusionOur results suggest that the oxytocin derivative is effective for its IN delivery to the brain and may be particularly useful in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment, such as that characterizing AD.
Microorganisms swimming through radiative Sutterby nanofluid over stretchable cylinder: Hydrodynamic effect
Authors: Raza Rabeeah , Naz Rahila , Abdelsalam Sara I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present article, radiative Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretchable cylinder is considered. The suspended swimming microorganisms have been deliberated in the fluid analysis. Different processes such as Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Joules heating, and viscous dissipation have been inspected in the presences of stratification parameters. The solutions for flow profiles have been obtained via optimal homotopy analysis method. Impacts of different physical involved variables on non‐dimensional velocity, temperature, nanofluid concentration, and concentration of density of swimming microorganisms have been debated. Coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile organisms have been calculated. The results reveal that Sutterby fluid parameter enhances the skin friction and has a reverse impact on the velocity, while an increase in stratification causes a declination in the flow boundary layers. The temperature of the flow is also seen to be boosted by the increment in Brownian motion parameter. Analysis of entropy generation shows that the concentration difference parameter maximizes the entropy and minimizes the dimensionless Bejan number.
Temporal trends in health worker social media communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ford Julian D. , Marengo Davide , Olff Miranda , Armour Cherie , Elhai Jon D. , Almquist Zack , Spiro Emma S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are exposed to extreme hazards and workplace stressors. Social media postings by physicians and nurses related to COVID‐19 from January 21 to June 1, 2020 were obtained from the Reddit website. Topic modeling via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) using a machine‐learning approach was performed on 1723 documents, each posted in a unique Reddit discussion. We selected the optimal number of topics using a heuristic approach based on examination of the rate of perplexity change (RPC) across LDA models. A two‐step multiple linear regression was done to identify differences across time and between nurses versus physicians. Prevalent topics included excessive workload, positive emotional expression and collegial support, anger and frustration, testing positive for COVID‐19 and treatment, use of personal protective equipment, impacts on healthcare jobs, disruption of medical procedures, and general healthcare issues. Nurses' posts initially reflected concern about workload, personal danger, safety precautions, and emotional support to their colleagues. Physicians posted initially more often than nurses about technical aspects of the coronavirus disease, medical equipment, and treatment. Differences narrowed over time: nurses increasingly made technical posts, while physicians' posts increasingly were in the personal domain, suggesting a convergence of the professions over time.
The utility of risk assessment tools for acute pulmonary embolism in children
Authors: Ergenekon Almala P. , Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Cenk Muruvvet , Gulieva Aynur , Kalyoncu Mine , Selcuk Merve , Dogru Omer , Erdem Eralp Ela , Gokdemir Yasemin , Karakoc Fazilet , Karadag Bulent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life‐threatening disease in children. The objective of the study is to evaluate the utility of adult‐based pulmonary embolism rule‐out criteria (PERC), Pediatric PE Model, and D‐dimer in the diagnosis of PE in children.Material and MethodsThe study consisted of patients under 18 years of age who were consulted to the Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic for the evaluation of PE. Patients were divided into two groups based on the confirmation of PE. The group with the presence of PE (n = 20) consisted of children who were diagnosed with PE. The group with the absence of PE (n = 28) consisted of children with clinically suspected PE but negative diagnostic imaging. Adult validated clinical decision PERC rule and Pediatric PE Model were retrospectively applied to the patients.ResultsIn the study, PERC demonstrated a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 46% for the diagnosis of PE in children. When PE Model was evaluated for the children, it was found a 50% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Combining PE Model and PERC rule with D‐dimer did not increase the specificity and sensitivity. Smoking was found to be relevant for PE in the childhood. Twenty‐five percent of the patients had a genetic tendency for PE. All of the patients had an underlying disease as well.ConclusionNone of the current risk assessment tools (PE Model, PERC, D‐dimer) were found to be accurate in predicting PE. Further larger population studies are still required to develop a better diagnostic approach.
Time to second biochemical recurrence as a prognostic indicator in postprostatectomy patients who undergo salvage radiation therapy: An RTOG 9601 based post hoc analysis
Authors: Brodowsky Emily Chan , Sood Akshay , Butaney Mohit , Majdalany Sami E. , Stephens Alex , Corsi Nicholas , Piontkowski Austin J. , Rakic Ivan , Jamil Marcus , Dalela Deepansh , Peabody James O. , Rogers Craig G. , Abdollah Firas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectiveThe prognostic significance of a “second” biochemical recurrence (sBCR) after salvage radiation therapy (sRT) with/without hormonal therapy following primary radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer has not been examined. We hypothesized that a shorter time to sBCR will be associated with worse cancer control outcomes.MethodsThe RTOG 9601 study included 760 patients with tumor stage pT2/T3, pN0, who had either persistently elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) postradical prostatectomy or developed subsequent biochemical recurrence with PSA levels between 0.2 and 4.0 ng/ml. All patients received sRT (with or without 2 years of Bicalutamide) from 1998 to 2015. For our study, we focused on 421 patients who had sBCR after sRT—which was defined as a PSA increase of at least 0.3 ng/ml over the first nadir. Patients were divided into two categories: early sBCR (n = 210) and late sBCR (n = 211) using median time to sBCR (3.51 years). All patients who experienced sBCR received salvage hormonal therapy. Competing‐risk analysis was used to examine the impact of early versus late sBCR on prostate cancer specific mortality (CSM), after accounting for available covariates.ResultsThe majority of patients were age 60 years or older (75.8%), had pT3 disease (74.8%), and Gleason score 7 (75.2%). Overall, 13.8% had persistent PSA initially after surgery. At 10 years, starting at the time of sBCR, CSM rate was 31.3% in the early sBCR group versus 20.0% in the late sBCR group. In competing‐risk analysis, time to sBCR was an independent predictor of CSM, where patients with early sBCR had 1.7‐fold higher CSM risk (p = 0.026) than their counterparts with late sBCR.ConclusionsTime to sBCR after sRT (with or without concomitant Bicalutamide) is a significant predictor of CSM following initial radical prostatectomy. This information can be used to guide subsequent treatments, and to counsel patients.
Effects of a recombinant humanized anti‐cocaine monoclonal antibody on the metabolism and distribution of cocaine in vitro and in mice
Authors: Turner Mackenzie E. , Wetzel Hanna N. , Zinani Dakota B. , Crutchfield Christopher A. , Norman Andrew B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe anti‐cocaine monoclonal antibody, h2E2, is a candidate for treating cocaine‐use disorder. h2E2 binds to and sequesters cocaine in the plasma compartment, effectively decreasing cocaine concentrations in the brains of rats and mice. Despite the binding of cocaine to h2E2, plasma cocaine concentrations decline rapidly in rodents over time, but there was a drastic decrease in the urinary elimination of cocaine in the presence of h2E2. Since cocaine is not being renally excreted, the apparent disappearance of cocaine from the plasma must be explained by either metabolism or distribution. However, binding of cocaine to h2E2 may restrict the availability of cocaine for hydrolysis by endogenous esterases. Therefore, the antibody would be expected to extend the elimination half‐life of cocaine. In contrast, previous studies reported h2E2 as having no effect on the rate of cocaine clearance. It is important to examine the ultimate clearance of the cocaine to ascertain its half‐life and potential for re‐intoxication. Therefore, we investigated the effects of h2E2 on cocaine hydrolysis in vitro and on cocaine metabolism and disposition in vivo over a 6‐h time course. The spontaneous and enzyme‐mediated in vitro hydrolysis of cocaine was drastically decreased in the presence of h2E2 in vitro. Additionally, in mice, h2E2 significantly increased the distribution and elimination half‐lives of cocaine relative to vehicle controls over an extended time course. Therefore, we concluded that h2E2 slowing the distribution and elimination of cocaine is the most appropriate explanation for the initial disappearance of cocaine from the plasma in vivo.
Effect of flavonoid intake on circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Yu Zengli , Zhou Huan‐Huan , Feng Yang , Bu Yongjun , Zhai Desheng , Zhang Guofu , Ding Shibin , Wang Erhui , Mi Yang , Wan Zhongxiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the effects of flavonoid intake on adiponectin and leptin levels. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on March 1, 2021. Random‐effects, subgroup, sensitivity, and meta‐regression analyses were conducted on 40 publications. Flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin (0.54 μg/ml, 95% CI [0.20, 0.88], p = .002; I2 = 86.4%) and significantly reduced leptin levels (weighted mean difference: −0.79 ng/ml, 95% CI [−1.33, −0.25], p = .004; I2 = 87.7%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that flavonoid intervention produced a significant elevation in adiponectin levels only in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks, conducted in Asian regions, were parallel‐designed, involved obese or overweight participants and participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cardiovascular diseases, used tea catechins, and used a dietary supplement intervention. A significantly negative effect on leptin levels was observed in studies conducted in Asian countries, with healthy participants and participants with T2DM, used whole food interventions, and involved participants with lower baseline leptin levels. In conclusion, flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin and decreased leptin levels; however, study heterogeneity was very high. Future well‐designed trials are required to address heterogeneous study designs and clarify the efficacy of plants in regulating adiponectin and leptin levels.
Fulminant streptococcal infection with early immunoglobulin introduction resulting in a favourable outcome for both mother and new‐born: A case report
Authors: Sato Takanori , Oyama Rie , Baba Tsukasa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe antibacterial agent was changed from cefepime to piperacillin and clindamycin for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. Immunoglobulin was added on the first postoperative day. Group A Streptococcus was isolated on the second postoperative day.CaseA 37‐year old woman visited her doctor with complaints of sore throat and fever at 32 weeks gestation, she visited her previous doctor for sore throat and fever. She was treated with cefepime and transported to hospital.ConclusionAntimicrobial therapy and combined immunoglobulin administration were continued. Both mother and infant survived.
An iterative learning approach to formation control of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems With varying trial lengths
Authors: Liu Yang , Fan Yimin , Ao Yichao , Jia Yingmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, an iterative learning approach is proposed for the formation control of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems, where the trial length of each learning iteration is randomly varying. In particular, a modified state error related to the prescribed formation is defined by taking into account the nonuniform actual trial length that could be different from the desired one. Then, a P‐type iterative learning protocol is established for switching networks of agents subject to nonuniform trial lengths, and the convergence analyses are given for the fixed and the iteration‐varying initial conditions respectively. It shows that through iterative learning, the given formation will be maintained among multiple agents in the entire time interval of one trial. In the end, simulations are done to demonstrate the correctness of the obtained theoretical results.
Iron Sulfide Na2FeS2 as Positive Electrode Material with High Capacity and Reversibility Derived from Anion–Cation Redox in All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Nasu Akira , Sakuda Atsushi , Kimura Takuya , Deguchi Minako , Tsuchimoto Akihisa , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is desirable for secondary batteries to have high capacities and long lifetimes. This paper reports the use of Na2FeS2 with a specific structure consisting of edge‐shared and chained FeS4 as the host structure and as a high‐capacity active electrode material. An all‐solid‐state sodium cell that uses Na2FeS2 exhibits a high capacity of 320 mAh g−1, which is close to the theoretical two‐electron reaction capacity of 323 mAh g−1, and operates reversibly for 300 cycles. The excellent electrochemical properties of all‐solid‐state sodium cells are derived from the anion–cation redox and rigid host structure during charging/discharging. In addition to the initial one‐electron reaction of NaxFeS2 (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) activated Fe2+/Fe3+ redox as the main redox center, the reversible sulfur redox further contributes to the high capacity. Although the additional sulfur redox affects the irreversible crystallographic changes, stable and reversible redox reactions are observed without capacity fading, owing to the local maintenance of the chained FeS4 in the host structure. Sodium iron sulfide Na2FeS2, which combines low‐cost elements, is one of the candidates that can meet the high requirements of practical applications.
Who is the most sought‐after economist? Ranking economists using Google Trends
Authors: Coupé Tom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper uses Google Trends to rank economists and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using Google Trends compared with other ranking methods, like those based on citations or downloads. I find that Google search intensity rankings make it possible to compare the current impact of both contemporaneous and past economists and that they can help to illustrate the variety in economists' careers that can lead to fame. Given Google Trends' algorithm to allocate searches to individuals (Google Trends' “topics”) is only applied to individuals with sufficiently high search intensity, Google Trends can only be used to rank about 2000 economists who have been regularly searched for on Google. For these sought‐after economists, I find that search intensity rankings based on Google Trends data are only modestly correlated with more traditional measures of scholarly impact.
RNA Oligomerisation without Added Catalyst from 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotides by Drying at Air‐Water Interfaces**
Authors: Dass Avinash Vicholous , Wunnava Sreekar , Langlais Juliette , von der Esch Beatriz , Krusche Maik , Ufer Lennard , Chrisam Nico , Dubini Romeo C. A. , Gartner Florian , Angerpointner Severin , Dirscherl Christina F. , Rovó Petra , Mast Christof B. , Šponer Judit E. , Ochsenfeld Christian , Frey Erwin , Braun Dieter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor the emergence of life, the abiotic synthesis of RNA from its monomers is a central step. We found that in alkaline, drying conditions in bulk and at heated air‐water interfaces, 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotides oligomerised without additional catalyst, forming up to 10‐mers within a day. The oligomerisation proceeded at a pH range of 7–12, at temperatures between 40–80 °C and was marginally enhanced by K+ ions. Among the canonical ribonucleotides, cGMP oligomerised most efficiently. Quantification was performed using HPLC coupled to ESI‐TOF by fitting the isotope distribution to the mass spectra. Our study suggests a oligomerisation mechanism where cGMP aids the incorporation of the relatively unreactive nucleotides C, A and U. The 2′,3′‐cyclic ribonucleotides are byproducts of prebiotic phosphorylation, nucleotide syntheses and RNA hydrolysis, indicating direct recycling pathways. The simple reaction condition offers a plausible entry point for RNA to the evolution of life on early Earth.
Question Answering with Additive Restrictive Training (QuAART): Question Answering for the Rapid Development of New Knowledge Extraction Pipelines
Authors: Harper Corey A. , Daniel Ron , Groth Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have explored the use of language models and question answering techniques for knowledge extraction. In most cases, these models are trained on data specific to the new task at hand. We hypothesize that using models trained only on generic question answering data (e.g. SQuAD) is a good starting point for domain specific entity extraction. We test this hypothesis, and explore whether the addition of small amounts of training data can help lift model performance. We pay special attention to the use of null answers and unanswerable questions to optimize performance. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. We do so for an end-to-end entity mention detection and entity typing task on HAnDS and FIGER, two common evaluation datasets for fine grained entity recognition. We focus on fine-grained entity recognition because it is challenging scenario, and because the long tail of types in this task highlights the need for entity extraction systems that can deal with new domains and types. To our knowledge, we are the first system beyond those presented in the original FIGER and HAnDS papers to tackle the task in an end-to-end fashion. Using an extremely small sample from the distantly-supervised HAnDS training data – 0.0015%, or less than 500 passages randomly chosen out of 31 million – we produce a CoNNL F1 score of 73.72 for entity detection on FIGER. Our end-to-end detection and typing evaluation produces macro and micro F1s of 45.11 and 54.75, based on the FIGER evaluation metrics. This work provides a foundation for the rapid development of new knowledge extraction pipelines.
The ERK5/NF-κB signaling pathway targets endometrial cancer proliferation and survival
Authors: Diéguez-Martínez Nora , Espinosa-Gil Sergio , Yoldi Guillermo , Megías-Roda Elisabet , Bolinaga-Ayala Idoia , Viñas-Casas Maria , Gorgisen Gokhan , Domingo-Ortí Inés , Pérez-Montoyo Héctor , Bayascas Jose R. , Colas Eva , Dolcet Xavier , Lizcano Jose M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in women of developed countries. Despite surgery combined with chemo-/radiotherapy regimens, overall survival of patients with high-risk EC tumors is poor, indicating a need for novel therapies. The MEK5-ERK5 pathway is activated in response to growth factors and to different stressors, including oxidative stress and cytokines. Previous evidence supports a role for the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in the pathology of several cancers. We investigated the role of ERK5 in EC. In silico analysis of the PanCancer Atlas dataset showed alterations in components of the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in 48% of EC patients. Here, we show that ERK5 inhibition or silencing decreased EGF-induced EC cell proliferation, and that genetic deletion of MEK5 resulted in EC impaired proliferation and reduced tumor growth capacity in nude mice. Pharmacologic inhibition or ERK5 silencing impaired NF-kB pathway in EC cells and xenografts. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between ERK5 and p65/RELA protein levels in human EC tumor samples. Mechanistically, genetic or pharmacologic impairment of ERK5 resulted in downregulation of NEMO/IKKγ expression, leading to impaired p65/RELA activity and to apoptosis in EC cells and xenografts, which was rescued by NEMO/IKKγ overexpression. Notably, ERK5 inhibition, MEK5 deletion or NF-kB inhibition sensitized EC cells to standard EC chemotherapy (paclitaxel/carboplatin) toxicity, whereas ERK5 inhibition synergized with paclitaxel to reduce tumor xenograft growth in mice. Together, our results suggest that the ERK5-NEMO-NF-κB pathway mediates EC cell proliferation and survival. We propose the ERK5/NF-κB axis as new target for EC treatment.