bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genomic basis of reproductive and migratory behaviour in a polymorphic salmonid
Authors: Tigano Anna , Russello Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent ecotypic differentiation provides unique opportunities to investigate the genomic basis and architecture of local adaptation, while offering insights into how species form and persist. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exhibit migratory and resident (“kokanee”) ecotypes, which are further distinguished into shore‐spawning and stream‐spawning reproductive ecotypes. Here, we analysed 36 sockeye (stream‐spawning) and kokanee (stream‐ and shore‐spawning) genomes from a system where they co‐occur and have recent common ancestry (Okanagan Lake/River in British Columbia, Canada) to investigate the genomic basis of reproductive and migratory behaviour. Examination of the genomic landscape of differentiation, differences in allele frequencies and genotype–phenotype associations revealed three main blocks of sequence differentiation on chromosomes 7, 12 and 20, associated with migratory behaviour, spawning location and spawning timing. Structural variants identified in these same areas suggest they could contribute to ecotypic differentiation directly as causal variants or via maintenance of their genomic architecture through recombination suppression mechanisms. Genes in these regions were related to spatial memory and swimming endurance (SYNGAP, TPM3), as well as eye and brain development (including SIX6), potentially associated with differences in migratory behaviour and visual habitats across spawning locations, respectively. Additional genes (GREB1L, ROCK1) identified here have been associated with timing of migration in other salmonids and could explain variation in timing of O. nerka spawning. Together, these results based on the joint analysis of sequence and structural variation represent a significant advance in our understanding of the genomic landscape of ecotypic differentiation at different stages in the speciation continuum.
Meta‐analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIA reveals polymorphism and positive selection in many vertebrate species
Authors: Dearborn Donald C. , Warren Sophie , Hailer Frank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPathogen‐mediated selection and sexual selection are important drivers of evolution. Both processes are known to target genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family encoding cell‐surface proteins that display pathogen peptides to the immune system. The MHC is also a model for understanding processes such as gene duplication and trans‐species allele sharing. The class II MHC protein is a heterodimer whose peptide‐binding groove is encoded by an MHC‐IIA gene and an MHC‐IIB gene. However, our literature review found that class II MHC papers on infectious disease or sexual selection included IIA data only 18% and 9% of the time, respectively. To assess whether greater emphasis on MHC‐IIA is warranted, we analysed MHC‐IIA sequence data from 50 species of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, birds, mammals) to test for polymorphism and positive selection. We found that the number of MHC‐IIA alleles within a species was often high, and covaried with sample size and number of MHC‐IIA genes assayed. While MHC‐IIA variability tended to be lower than that of MHC‐IIB, the difference was only ~25%, with ~3 fewer IIA alleles than IIB. Furthermore, the unexpectedly high MHC‐IIA variability showed clear signatures of positive selection in most species, and positive selection on MHC‐IIA was stronger in fish than in other surveyed vertebrate groups. Our findings underscore that MHC‐IIA can be an important target of selection. Future studies should therefore expand the characterization of MHC‐IIA at both allelic and genomic scales, and incorporate MHC‐IIA into models of fitness consequences of MHC variation.
Effects of eyes‐closed resting and eyes‐open conditions on cerebral blood flow measurement using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Matsutomo Norikazu , Fukami Mitsuha , Kobayashi Kuninori , Endo Yuta , Kuhara Shigehide , Yamamoto Tomoaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of eyes‐closed resting and eyes‐open conditions on the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL MRI).MethodsThirty healthy volunteers underwent 3.0‐T MRI scans under two conditions—eyes‐closed resting and eyes‐open (stationary state)—1 week apart. CBF was measured using an asymmetric inversion slab technique with a three‐dimensional fast field echo sequence, which is a pulsed ASL technique, in the temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, limbic lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe.ResultsCBF was not significantly different under eyes‐closed resting and eyes‐open states in the temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, limbic lobe, and parietal lobe. However, the CBF values of the occipital lobe were significantly lower under the eyes‐closed resting condition than under the eyes‐open condition. The means and standard deviations of CBF in the occipital lobe were 62.3 ± 7.9 ml/100 g/min for eyes‐open and 56.9 ± 7.9 ml/100 g/min for eyes‐closed resting. CBF obtained under eyes‐closed resting and eyes‐open conditions showed good reproducibility. In addition, the reproducibility and CBF measurement error were improved by excluding the occipital lobe.ConclusionsThe eyes‐closed resting condition affects the CBF measurement obtained by ASL MRI, particularly in the occipital lobe. To improve the measurement accuracy of ASL, measurements should be performed under the eyes‐closed resting condition in the clinical setting.
Population‐based cohort study to assess the gingival lesions in 1319 patients with lichen planus
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , Gambino Alessio , Macciotta Alessandra , El Haddad Giorgia , Conrotto Davide , Carbone Mario , Carrozzo Marco , Broccoletti Roberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune disease. In this paper, we evaluated the overall characters, clinical presentation, and outcome of gingival lesions in OLP Italian patients.Methods and ResultsA retrospective cohort study was accomplished: a total of 1319 charts were investigated, of whom 922 were female (69.9%): 617 patients (46.8%) manifested white lesions and 702 red ones (53.2%). While most patients had several oral sites of involvement, the gingiva was the unique location in 103 cases. Symptoms were reported in 480 patients (36.4%): 286 patients with erosive OLP, 103 with atrophic form, and 91 with a white form. Long‐lasting surveillance showed that only 40 patients (3.03%) had a total clinical signs remission. Regarding OLP medical treatment provided, patients attending less frequently a dental office underwent more often a specific therapy.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the biggest collections of patients with gingival OLP ever described; exclusive gingival lesions are, however, rare and unlikely to undergo a malignant transformation. Moreover, gum lesions seemed to anticipate the appearance of oral lesions and a higher rate of OLP therapy was observed in patients with less frequent dental check‐ups and oral hygiene instructions.
SAP Principle Guided Free Hand Technique: A Secret for T1 to S1 Pedicle Screw Placement
Authors: He Jinyue , Luo Fei , Wang Hao , Xu Jianzhong , Zhang ZeHua 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveExisting freehand techniques of screw placement mainly emphasized on various entry points and complex trajectory reference. The aim of this study is to illustrate a standardized and reliable freehand technique of pedicle screw insertion for open pedicle screw fixation with a universal entry point and a stereoscopic trajectory reference system and report the results from a single surgeon's clinical experience with the technique.MethodIn this study, the author respectively reviewed a total of 200 consecutive patients who had undergone open freehand pedicle screw fixation with Superior Articular Process (SAP) technique from January 2019 to May 2020. For accuracy and safety, all 200 cases had undergone postoperative X‐ray while 33 cases including spinal deformity, infection, and tumor had received additional CT‐scan. Screw accuracy was analyzed via a CT‐based classification system with Student's t test.ResultsA total of 1126 screws had been placed from T1‐S1 with SAP‐guided freehand technique and the majority had been confirmed safe in X‐ray without the need of CT scan. A total of 316 screws in deformity or infectious or tumor cases had undergone additional CT scan with 95.5% (189 of 198 screws) accuracy in thoracic group and 94.9% (112 of 118 screws) in lumbar group. The accuracy had been 90.5% (114 of 126 screws) in deformity group and 95.8% (182 of 190 screws) in non‐deformity group. All perforation cases had been rated Grade B (<2 mm) without significant difference between the medial and the lateral (p < 0.05). No cases had been detected with significant neurological deficiencies. The mean intraoperative X‐ray shots were 0.73 per screw.ConclusionSAP‐guidance is a reliable freehand technique for thoracic and lumbar pedicle screw instrument. It allows accurate and safe screw insertion in both non‐deformity and deformity cases with less radiation exposure.
The active Fe chelator proline‐2′‐deoxymugineic acid enhances peanut yield by improving soil Fe availability and plant Fe status
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Wang Nanqi , Lu Qiaofang , Lang Shanshan , Wang Kunguang , Niu Lei , Suzuki Motofumi , Zuo Yuanmei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIron (Fe) deficiency restricts crop yields in calcareous soil. Thus, a novel Fe chelator, proline‐2′‐deoxymugineic acid (PDMA), based on the natural phytosiderophore 2′‐deoxymugineic acid (DMA), was developed to solve the Fe deficiency problem. However, the effects and mechanisms of PDMA relevant to the Fe nutrition and yield of dicots grown under field conditions require further exploration. In this study, pot and field experiments with calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the effects of PDMA on the Fe nutrition and yield of peanuts. The results demonstrated that PDMA could dissolve insoluble Fe in the rhizosphere and up‐regulate the expression of the yellow stripe‐like family gene AhYSL1 to improve the Fe nutrition of peanut plants. Moreover, the chlorosis and growth inhibition caused by Fe deficiency were significantly diminished. Notably, under field conditions, the peanut yield and kernel micronutrient contents were promoted by PDMA application. Our results indicate that PDMA promotes the dissolution of insoluble Fe and a rich supply of Fe in the rhizosphere, increasing yields through integrated improvements in soil‐plant Fe nutrition at the molecular and ecological levels. In conclusion, the efficacy of PDMA for improving the Fe nutrition and yield of peanut indicates its outstanding potential for agricultural applications.
Hampered gamma oscillations induced by sad emotion underlying suicide attempt in major depressive disorder
Authors: Dai Zhongpeng , Zhang Siqi , Wang Huan , Chen Zhilu , Zhang Wei , Hu Xiaowen , Yao Zhijian , Lu Qing 
Published: October 2022

AimMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high suicidality, especially for those with suicide attempt (SA). Although impaired oscillatory activity has been previously reported in patients with SA, little is known about precise temporal–spatial variability of its neural dynamics. To solve this, the current study probed the spectral power and network interactions underlying SA in MDD.MethodsThe present study recruited 104 subjects including 56 subjects with MDD (30 with SA and 26 without SA) and 48 healthy controls, who performed sad expressions recognition task during magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording. By investigating source‐reconstructed MEG‐data, brain states representing different task stages were estimated from a Hidden Markov model. Spectrum power and network connectivity were compared via Gaussian Mixture Models, and fractional occupancy (FO) of states were compared via an independent F‐test.ResultsBrain states were corresponding to various frequencies (theta/beta/low gamma/ high gamma). In low gamma band (35–45 Hz), the early visual state exhibited increased activation and hyper inter‐network connectivity between visual regions and the limbic system, while the middle fronto‐parietal state exhibited attenuated activation and decreased intra‐network connectivity within fronto‐parietal regions in SA group. Crucially, FO values of these two states were significantly correlated with the suicide risks.ConclusionsSuicide behavior of patients with MDD was significantly associated with aberrant oscillations in low gamma band. Elevated oscillations in occipital cortices and attenuated oscillations in fronto‐parietal cortices were significantly associated with SA. Manifesting sadness indulging and reckless decision‐making, the hampered temporal characteristics could help explain the neural‐electric basis of SA.
How do I initiate and maintain a mobile apheresis service in the era of cellular therapy
Authors: Karasick Michael H. , Betancourt Carolina , Dormesy Stephanie , Sheehy Jackie , Isaacs Rawlinson J. , Sachais Bruce S. , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMobile delivery of apheresis services is an increasingly important component of health care equity, as patients should not have to transfer care providers or travel far distances to receive critical therapeutic apheresis procedures or cell therapy‐based treatments. Therefore, the availability of such services should be expanded.Study design and methodsIn this “How Do I" article, we provide a detailed overview of the elements necessary to initiate and maintain a successful mobile apheresis service, including challenges and potential solutions.ResultsSafe and efficient operation of a mobile apheresis service must consider acquisition of physical assets, such as apheresis sites, personnel, equipment and supplies, communication devices, and transportation vehicles, and optimize organizational aspects, such as staff responsibilities, service partnerships, logistics management, case scheduling and triage, and billing. In the era of cellular therapy, additional critical considerations include regulatory compliance and facility accreditation.DiscussionTo our knowledge, no previous publication provides the extensive details described herein to set up and maintain a successful mobile apheresis service, and thus will be very helpful to those facilities wishing to initiate or expand mobile apheresis services.
Identifying the temporal dynamics of densification and sparsification in human contact networks
Authors: Ferguson Shaunette T. , Kobayashi Teruyoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemporal social networks of human interactions are preponderant in understanding the fundamental patterns of human behavior. In these networks, interactions occur locally between individuals (i.e., nodes) who connect with each other at different times, culminating into a complex system-wide web that has a dynamic composition. Dynamic behavior in networks occurs not only locally but also at the global level, as systems expand or shrink due either to: changes in the size of node population or variations in the chance of a connection between two nodes. Here, we propose a numerical maximum-likelihood method to estimate population size and the probability of two nodes connecting at any given point in time. An advantage of the method is that it relies only on aggregate quantities, which are easy to access and free from privacy issues. Our approach enables us to identify the simultaneous (rather than the asynchronous) contribution of each mechanism in the densification and sparsification of human contacts, providing a better understanding of how humans collectively construct and deconstruct social networks.
SAT-Reach
: A Bounded Model Checker for Affine Hybrid Systems
Authors: Kundu Atanu , Das Sarthak , Ray Rajarshi 
Published: October 2022

Bounded model checking (BMC) is well-known to be undecidable even for simple hybrid systems. Existing work targeted for a wide class of non-linear hybrid systems reduces the BMC problem to the satisfiability problem of an satisfiability modulo theory formula encoding the hybrid system dynamics. Consequently, the satisfiability of the formula is deduced with a δ-decision procedure. However, the encoded formula can be complex for large automaton and for deep exploration causing the decision procedure to be inefficient. Additionally, a generalized decision procedure can be inefficient for hybrid systems with simple dynamics. In this article, we propose a BMC algorithm built upon the foundation of the counter example guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) technique and targeted for hybrid systems with piecewise affine dynamics, modeled as a hybrid automaton. In particular, our algorithm begins by searching an abstract counterexample in the discrete state-space of the automaton. We check whether a discovered abstract counterexample is spurious or real by a two-tier refinement of the state-space guided by the abstract counterexample. The primary refinement is through symbolic reachability analysis and the following refinement is via a search of a real counterexample by the trajectory splicing method, guided in turn by the outcome of reachability analysis. We show that our algorithm reaps the benefits of the CEGAR technique by directing the exploration in the regions of interest and pruning search space that is irrelevant to the property under consideration. In addition, an optimization by memoizing the computed symbolic states during reachability analysis has been proposed for efficiency. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the tool
SAT-Reach,
and we compare its performance with
dReach
,
XSpeed
,
Flow*
,
SpaceEx,
and a pattern database heuristic-guided search algorithm. Experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm.
Regional evolution of psychosocial services in Australia before and after the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Salvador-Carulla Luis , Furst Mary Anne , Gillespie James , Rosenberg Sebastian , Aryani Amir , Anthes Lauren , Ferdousi Shahana , Salinas-Perez Jose A 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This paper compares the evolution of the psychosocial sector in two Australian regions pre and post introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme – a major reform to the financing, planning and provision of disability services in Australia, intended to create greater competition and efficiency in the market, and more choice for service users. Methods: We used a standardised service classification instrument based on a health ecosystems approach to assess service availability and diversity of psychosocial services provided by non-government organisations in two Primary Health Network regions. Results: We identified very different evolutionary pathways in the two regions. Service availability increased in Western Sydney but decreased in the Australian Capital Territory. The diversity of services available did not increase in either Primary Health Network 4 years after the reform. Many services were experiencing ongoing funding uncertainty. Conclusion: Assumptions of increased efficiency through organisational scaling up, and a greater diversity in range of service availability were not borne out. Implications: This study shows the urgent need for evaluation of the effects of the NDIS on the provision of psychosocial care in Australia. Four years after the implementation of the NDIS at vast expense key objectives not been met for consumers or for the system as a whole, and an environment of uncertainty has been created for providers. It demonstrates the importance of standardised service mapping to monitor the effects of major reforms on mental health care as well as the need for a focus at the local level.
Multifunctional design, feasibility and requirements for structural power composites in future electric air taxis
Authors: Ishfaq Aneesa , Nguyen Sang N , Greenhalgh Emile S , Shaffer Milo SP , Kucernak Anthony RJ , Asp Leif E , Zenkert Dan , Linde Peter 
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the viability of implementing multifunctional structural power composites in a four-seater air taxi, the CityAirbus. For a given specific energy of the power source, the cruise endurance can be approximately doubled by using structural power composites as opposed to conventional batteries. Replacing all the eligible composite mass and batteries with structural power composites can reduce the CityAirbus weight by 25%. To achieve the current design performance, the minimum required elastic modulus, strength, specific energy and power for the structural power composite are 54 GPa, 203 MPa, 74 Wh/kg and 376 W/kg, respectively: current state-of-the-art structural power composites are now approaching this level of performance. Hence, structural power composites are considered feasible for adoption in the urban air mobility sector and have the potential to improve endurance and facilitate commercialization. This paper also discusses several key challenges that must be addressed to realize the adoption of structural power composites in future electric air taxis.
Value-Based Healthcare and Radiology: How can Value be Measured?
Authors: Nuno Filipe Manuel Teixeira Ferreira , Gradim Adriana Coutinho , da Costa Dias Ana Alexandra , Polónia Daniel Ferreira 
Published: October 2022

The concept of value-based healthcare (VBH) emerges as a response to traditional models of healthcare system management. More specifically, in radiology, the transition from volume to value has been discussed by its main associations, having as the main concern regarding the role of the specialty in a more integrated healthcare context. Through a qualitative study, this work aims to analyse and evaluate how this new concept can be implemented in radiology by identifying obstacles and mapping the technical and procedural improvements necessary for its correct implementation in the national context of healthcare provision. Through interviews with different elements of the healthcare sector (from doctors to industry partners and researchers), it was possible to draw a set of metrics for measuring the value of radiology, alongside the implementation of a VBH strategy. As the main conclusion, the implementation of a strategic agenda for the creation of value in radiology at the national level should be based on the reduction of variability and the identification of best practices in terms of adequacy, quality, safety and efficiency, aiming to satisfy the needs of requesting doctors and patients.