bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Role of Natural Antioxidants in Controlling Oxidative Stress
Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Parasuraman Subramani , Vedam Venkata Kanthi Vaishnavi , Uppugunduri Chakradhara Rao S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogenic coronavirus
that emerged in late 2019, resulting in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 can be potentially
fatal among a certain group of patients. Older age and underlying medical illness are the major risk factors
for COVID-19-related fatal respiratory dysfunction. The reason for the pathogenicity of COVID-19
in the older age group remains unclear. Factors, such as coagulopathy, cytokine storm, metabolic disruption,
and impaired T cell function, may worsen the symptoms of the disease. Recent literature has indicated
that viral infections are particularly associated with a high degree of oxidative stress and an imbalance
of antioxidant response. Although pharmacological management has taken its place in reducing the severity
of COVID-19, the antioxidants can serve as an adjunct therapy to protect an individual from oxidative
damage triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. In general, antioxidant enzymes counteract free radicals and
prevent their formation. The exact functional role of antioxidant supplements in reducing disease symptoms
of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains mostly unknown. In this review, the functional role of natural
antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection management is discussed in brief.
Development of a Blended Learning Approach to Delivering HIV-Assisted Contact Tracing in Malawi: Applied Theory and Formative Research
Authors: Rosenberg Nora Ellen , Tembo Tapiwa A , Simon Katherine R , Mollan Katie , Rutstein Sarah E , Mwapasa Victor , Masiano Steven , Huffstetler Hanna E , Go Vivian , Kim Maria H 
Published: March 2022

Background
Despite progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS “95-95-95” targets (95% of HIV-positive persons tested, 95% of tested persons on treatment, and 95% of treated persons virally suppressed), a gap remains in achieving the first 95% target. Assisted contact tracing (ACT), in which health workers support HIV-positive index clients to recruit their contacts (sexual partners and children) for HIV testing, efficiently identifies HIV-positive persons in need of treatment. Although many countries, including Malawi, began implementing ACT, testing outcomes in routine settings have been worse than those in trial settings.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to use formative research and frameworks to develop and digitize an implementation package to bridge the gap between ACT research and practice.

Methods
Semistructured qualitative research was conducted in 2019 in Malawi with key informants. Barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery were identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Approaches to digitization were examined using human-centered design principles.

Results
Limited clinic coordination and health worker capacity to address the complexities of ACT were identified as barriers. Ongoing individual training consisting of learning, observing, practicing, and receiving feedback, as well as group problem-solving were identified as facilitators. Important features of digitization included (1) culturally relevant visual content, (2) capability of offline use, and (3) simple designs and basic editing to keep costs low.

Conclusions
Formative research and frameworks played a key role in designing and digitizing an implementation package for ACT delivery in a low-income setting such as Malawi.
Value Cocreation in Health Care: Systematic Review
Authors: Peng Yuxin , Wu Tailai , Chen Zhuo , Deng Zhaohua 
Published: March 2022

Background
Value cocreation in health care (VCCH), mainly based on service-dominant logic, emphasizes that participants, including both patients and physicians, can effectively enroll in the health care value creation process. Effective VCCH is of great significance for realizing value-based health care and improving doctor-patient relationships. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of VCCH is critical. However, the current literature on VCCH is fragmented and not well studied.

Objective
The goal of the research is to investigate the antecedents, consequences, and dimensions of VCCH by systematically searching, selecting, summarizing, and evaluating relevant literature.

Methods
English-language articles on VCCH in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases published from January 2008 to December 2019 were identified. The articles were screened using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol, and the quality of studies included were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
Out of the 181 publications initially identified through the bibliographic searches, 28 publications met the inclusion criteria. This review summarizes antecedents, consequences, and dimensions of VCCH, as well as possible associations among them. An integrative framework is also proposed for mapping the literature of VCCH grounded on social cognitive theory to reveal the whole process of VCCH.

Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review provide implications for continued development of VCCH and contribute to inspire more research in the future.
GoFundMe as a Medical Plan: Ecological Study of Crowdfunding Insulin Success
Authors: Blanchette Julia E , Tran MJ , Grigorian Ernest G , Iacob Eli , Edelman Linda S , Oser Tamara K , Litchman Michelle L 
Published: March 2022

Background
Individuals in need of medical care turn to crowdfunding websites to engage a “crowd” or group for financial support. In the last decade, access to insulin has decreased considerably for several reasons, including the rising cost of insulin, increasing popularity of high-deductible insurance plans, and increasing insurance premiums. Many people with diabetes are forced to ration or go without insulin, and they turn to crowdfunding websites to seek financial donations to purchase insulin needed to reduce health risks and mortality, and sustain quality of life.

Objective
This study aimed to explore crowdfunding campaign requests to purchase insulin in the United States.

Methods
In this retrospective, quantitative, and qualitative study, we coded the text of GoFundMe online crowdfunding campaigns and viral measures (shares, hearts, and comments) from February 25 to April 15, 2019. We described campaigns (N=205) and explored the factors associated with campaign success using correlations and qualitative thematic analysis.

Results
The majority of campaigns were initiated by middle-aged adults (age 26-64 years; 77/205, 37.6%), those with type 1 diabetes (94/205, 45.9%), and those needing funds owing to insurance coverage issues (125/205, 61.0%). The factors associated with campaign success included requests for ≤US $500 (P=.007) and higher viral measures (shares, P=.007; hearts, P<.001; comments, P=.002). The following 4 themes emerged from the campaign text: (1) desire for self-management and survival, (2) diabetes management untenable given insulin access, (3) aftermath of insulin unaffordability, and (4) privacy issues with crowdfunding. Campaign comments were both supportive (tangible, informational, and emotional) and unsupportive (questioned the need for the campaign and deemed crowdfunding inappropriate).

Conclusions
Despite crowdfunding websites being used to support the purchase of insulin, campaigns raised only a fraction of the money requested. Therefore, GoFundMe campaigns are not a reliable solution to obtain funds for insulin in the United States. Applying quantitative and qualitative methods is adequate to analyze online crowdfunding for costs of medications such as insulin. However, it is critical for people with diabetes to use resources other than online crowdfunding to access and obtain insulin owing to low success rates. Clinicians should routinely assess difficulty accessing or affording insulin, and federal health care policies should support lowering the cost of insulin.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI DESA LANDUNGSARI KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Nurvenia Nurvenia , Abdullah Mohammad Faisal 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to find out the Effect of Financial Tehnology on Small BusinessIncome. The type of data used in this study is a type of Primary data that is qualitative and quantitative. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling techniques with a total of 50 respondents. The data analysis technique used is the Multiple Linear Regression method. The results in this study are partially Digital Payments positively and significantly affect the income of small businesses in the village of Landungsari Subdistrict Dau Malang, Financial Management has a positive and significant effect on the income of small businesses in the village landungsari Subdistrict Dau Malang. Then simultaneously, Digital Payments and Financial Management has positively and significantly affect the income of small businesses in the village of Landungsari Subdistrict Dau Malang.
An updated ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Solanum indicum L.
Authors: Iqubal Murteza , Sharma Satish Kumar Sharma , Hussain Md. Sarfaraj , Mujahid Mohd 
Published: March 2022

Solanum indicum L. (Family Solanaceae), also known as poison berry in English, is a thorny, heavily branched perennial under shrub that can grow up to 1 metre in height and reach heights of up to 1 metre in height. This wonderful medicinal plant is extensively used in folk and traditional Indian systems of medicine to treat toxic affections, skin problems, ulcers, difficulties breathing, stomach aches, coughing, and dyspepsia, among other conditions. It is native to India and can be found throughout the country, primarily in warmer climates up to an elevation of 1500 metres. It is a well-known Indian medicinal plant that has been utilised extensively in the Ayurvedic system of medicine of treatment for many years in various ailments. It is a key component of the dasamoola group of plants' composition. Solasodine, Solasonine, Solamargine, Solanidine, and Solanine are some of the active steroidal alkaloids/glycoalkaloids found in S. indicum. The presence of various phytoconstituents in the plant has been documented, including steroidal saponins, sesquiterpenoids, hydroxycoumarins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, coumarinolignoids alkaloids, saponin, fatty acids, glycerides of the oil, and triterpenes, among other substances. Various pharmacological effects of the plant, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, anticancer, laxative, cardiotonic activity, CNS depressant and anti-hypertensive, hepatoprotective qualities, have been discovered in the plant. So, the aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive information from recognized sources on the ethnobotany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological efficacy and of the medicinal plant, S. indicum. These reports are very encouraging and indicate that herb should be studied more extensively for its therapeutic benefits. Clinical trials using Solanum for a variety of combinations in different formulations should also be conducted.
Keywords: Solanum indicum, Solanaceae, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, phytopharmacology.
Literacia em saúde em adultos diabéticos usuários do serviço público de saúde em municípios de São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues Victoria Pedrazzoli , De Matos Laura Ribeiro , Tenani Carla Fabiana , Batista Marilia Jesus 
Published: March 2022

ObjetivoAnalisar a literacia em saúde de adultos e idosos com diabetes tipo 2 atendidos em unidades de saúde de dois municípios de São Paulo.MétodosEstudo transversal com adultos e idosos diabéticos acompanhados em duas unidades de saúde: uma localizada em Jundiaí e a outra em Piracicaba. Foram analisados: fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, comportamentos em saúde, condições clínicas, uso do serviço de saúde, a literacia (por meio do Health Literacy Scale, aplicado através de entrevistas); e os índices de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada relatados nos prontuários dos participantes. Realizou-se teste Qui-Quadrado para verificar associação da literacia com as variáveis independentes (p<0,05).ResultadosA maior parte da amostra era composta por mulheres, 67,6% dos participantes (n=48) apresentou glicemia alterada <127mg/dL, 59,1% (n=39) Hb1Ac <8% e um baixo nível de literacia foi observado em 51,6% (n=46) dos avaliados. A baixa literacia foi associada à moradia não própria, maior glicemia, baixa escolaridade, ao tabagismo e aos brancos (p<0,05).ConclusãoNo presente estudo houve associação da literacia com variáveis clínicas e comportamentos em saúde, indicando que a literacia em saúde deve ser considerada nas estratégias de promoção de saúde e na qualidade da atenção em saúde voltadas para a populaçãocom diabetes mellitus.
Effects of trazodone on behavioral and physiological signs of stress in dogs during veterinary visits: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial
Authors: Kim Sun-A , Borchardt Michelle R. , Lee Kyuyoung , Stelow Elizabeth A. , Bain Melissa J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a single dose of trazodone administered to dogs before a veterinary visit reduced their behavioral and physiologic signs of stress and owners’ stress during veterinary visits.

SAMPLE
20 dogs and their owners.

PROCEDURES
In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial, dogs with a history of anxiety during veterinary visits were scheduled for 2 veterinary visits 1 week apart and randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of either trazodone (9 to 12 mg/kg) or a placebo 90 minutes before transport to the veterinary clinic for alternate visits between September 21 and November 3, 2019. For each visit, we collected and assessed owner-completed surveys of dog stress score (DSS) and owner stress score; various investigator-reported scores, including from video-recorded behavior analyses; and patient-related physiologic data.

RESULTS
Dogs treated with trazodone versus placebo had lower mean DSSs, assessed by owners for physical examination and assessed by video analysis for time spent in the examination room; lower mean SD of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of successive heartbeat interval difference, and respiratory rate; and higher mean heart rate. No meaningful differences were observed in other behavioral or physiologic outcomes, including serum cortisol concentrations.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
A single dose of trazodone before transport reduced signs of stress during veterinary visits for dogs in the present study and may be useful as an anti-anxiety medication for similarly affected dogs, potentially resulting in higher-quality clinical examinations and improved patient welfare.
Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups
Authors: Álvarez Elena Ríos , Solé Laura Vilalta , de Carellán Mateo Alejandra García 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality and duration of sedation of 2 subcutaneous sedation protocols for noninvasive procedures in guinea pigs (GPs).

ANIMALS
24 pet GPs (15 females, 9 males) of 3 different age groups: infant (n = 8), juvenile (8), and adult (8).

PROCEDURES
The study design was a randomized, crossover, blinded, clinical trial with a washout period of at least 7 days between protocols. Guinea pigs were sedated SC with alfaxalone (5 mg/kg; group A) or alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; group A + M) to facilitate blood sampling, radiography, or abdominal ultrasonography. Vital parameters, hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes.

RESULTS
Mean heart rate was lower in group A than group A + M (P = 0.001), and respiratory rate was significantly (P = 0.001) decreased relative to baseline during sedation in both groups. The SpO2 remained above 95% in both sedation groups. Rectal temperature was significantly (P = 0.001) lower during recovery versus baseline. Onset of sedation was shorter and the duration longer in group A + M than in group A. The duration and depth of the sedation was different between age groups (P = 0.001), being longer and deeper in adults. Bruxism, hectic movements, twitching, and some degree of hyperreactivity were observed during 41 of the 48 sedations.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone provided reliable sedation for nonpainful procedures in GPs. When combined with midazolam, alfaxalone provided longer and deeper sedation that was more significant in adults than in younger patients.
Analysis of patient outcome and owner satisfaction with double limb amputations: 14 dogs and four cats
Authors: Magidenko Steven R. , Peterson Nathan W. , Pisano Guido , Buote Nicole J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the indications for, complications of, and surgical outcomes of dogs and cats that were treated with double limb amputations.

ANIMALS
14 dogs and 4 cats that underwent double limb amputations.

PROCEDURES
Data collected retrospectively included patient-specific (species, age, weight, breed, sex, existing comorbidities) and amputation-specific (indication for amputation, full or partial limb amputation, associated complications, need for revision surgeries) variables. Owner satisfaction scores were also collected.

RESULTS
The most common indication for double amputations was trauma (12/18) patients. Eleven patients had both amputations performed simultaneously. Nine patients had double partial limb amputations versus full limb amputations. Twelve patients underwent bilateral pelvic limb amputations, 4 underwent bilateral thoracic limb amputations, and 2 had 1 pelvic and 1 contralateral thoracic limb amputated. Five patients had reported complications over the course of the follow-up period, and complications for 3 patients were considered major. Revision surgery was reported for 2 animals. Owner satisfaction scores were reported as very satisfied/excellent (14/18), mildly satisfied (3/18), and strongly dissatisfied (1/18). Median time to follow-up was 450 days (range, 85 to 4,380 days).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Double limb amputation may be a viable alternative to advanced limb-sparing procedures or humane euthanasia based on the owner satisfaction data and the relatively low rate of major complications in this study. Future studies should clarify patient selection criteria and differences in function between surgical types.
Nonveterinarian staff increase revenue and improve veterinarian productivity in mixed and companion animal veterinary practices in the United States
Authors: Ouedraogo Frederic B. , Lefebvre Sandra L. , Salois Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the contributions of veterinarians and support staff to revenue and veterinarian productivity (ie, number of patients seen/full-time–equivalent veterinarian/wk) in private mixed and companion animal practices in the US and identify staff-to-veterinarian labor ratios (SVLRs) that maximized these 2 practice outputs.

SAMPLE
409 owners of mixed and companion animal practices who participated in the 2020 AVMA Practice Owner Survey.

PROCEDURES
Data regarding owner demographics, practice characteristics, labor (defined as mean total hours worked/wk), and gross revenue in 2019 were obtained from participating practices. Multivariable ordinary least-squares regression was used to identify factors associated with revenue and productivity as well as the SVLRs at which revenue and productivity were maximized.

RESULTS
For each 10% increase in total veterinarian hours worked per week, revenue increased by a mean of approximately 9%. A 1-unit increase in total number of technician hours used to support 1 hour of veterinarian work was associated with a 20.5% increase in revenue but with no change in productivity. The same increase in total number of nonmedical staff hours was associated with a 17.0% increase in revenue and 14.4% increase in productivity. In terms of revenue, the optimal SVLRs for veterinary technicians and nonmedical staff were 9:1 and 8:1, respectively. In terms of productivity, the optimal SVLR for nonmedical staff was 10:1.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings confirmed the important role of nonveterinarian staff in revenue and veterinarian productivity in mixed animal and companion animal practices and may be useful for making evidence-based staffing decisions.
Antibiotic susceptibility of mycobacteria isolated from ornamental fish
Authors: Guz Leszek , Puk Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging. There is very little information on the prevalence of NTM drug resistance in Poland. This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of NTM, originally isolated from diseased ornamental fish.

Material and Methods
A total of 99 isolates were studied, 50 of them rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) (among which three-quarters were Mycobacterium chelonae, M. peregrinum, and M. fortuitum and the rest M. neoaurum, M. septicum, M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. salmoniphilum, M saopaulense, and M. senegalense). The other 49 were slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolates (among which only one was M. szulgai and the bulk M. marinum and M. gordonae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (TOB), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) were determined.

Results
The majority of the isolates were susceptible to KAN (95.95%: RGM 46.46% and SGM 49.49%), AMK (94.94%: RGM 45.45% and SGM 49.49%), CLR (83.83%: RGM 36.36% and SGM 47.47%), SMX (79.79%: RGM 30.30% and SMG 49.49%), CIP (65.65%: RGM 24.24% and SGM 41.41%), and DOX (55.55%: RGM 9.06% and SGM 46.46%). The majority were resistant to INH (98.98%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 48.48%) and RMP (96.96%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 46.46%).

Conclusion
The drug sensitivity of NTM varies from species to species. KAN, AMK, CLR and SMX were the most active against RGM isolates, and these same four plus DOX and CIP were the best drugs against SGM isolates.