bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptanalysis on Reduced-Round 3D and Saturnin
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Wenling , Zheng YaFei , Wang Bolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract3D is an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-like cipher employed 3D structure proposed in 2008. The main innovation of 3D is the multi-dimensional state, generalizing the design of Rijndael and allowing block sizes beyond the 256-bit boundary. Saturnin, a lightweight block cipher has been selected as a second-round candidate in the National Institute of Standards and Technology standardization for lightweight cryptography. It also employs a 3D structure and provides high security against quantum and classic attacks. The exchange-equivalence attacks proposed by Bardeh and Rønjom consider how quadruples of plaintexts confirm distinguishable properties for AES. It is similar to the principle of yoyo attack, but it can find a longer number of rounds of distinguisher. In this paper, we investigate the exchange-equivalence attack on 3D and yoyo attack on Saturnin. Our new results turn out to be the first secret-key chosen plaintext distinguisher for 10-round 3D. The complexity of the distinguisher is about $2^{364.2}$ in terms of data, memory and computational complexity. For Saturnin, we propose the first six-super-round impossible differential yoyo attack, which is suitable for the two-S-layer version. Compared with the previous impossible differential attacks in the design report of Saturnin, the attacks presented here are the best in terms of the complexity under the chosen-plaintext scenario.
The Incidence and Prevalence of Paediatric- and Adult-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Denmark During a 37-Year Period: A Nationwide Cohort Study (1980–2017)
Authors: Dorn-Rasmussen Maria , Lo Bobby , Zhao Mirabella , Kaplan Gilaad G , Malham Mikkel , Wewer Vibeke , Burisch Johan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] reported from developed countries are rising, with some levelling out. The aim of this study was to assess the disease burden of IBD by estimating the incidence and prevalence across age groups and projecting these to 2030 in a high-incidence country.MethodsUsing an algorithm [incorporating ICD codes, medications and histopathology], patients [n = 69 862] diagnosed with Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC] between 1980 and 2017 were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry and included in a nationwide cohort.ResultsFrom 1980 to 2017 the overall incidence of CD increased from 5.1 [95% CI: 4.5–5.8] to 15.6 [95% CI: 14.6–16.6] per 100 000, while the incidence of UC increased from 6.2 [95% CI: 5.5–6.9] to 27.2 [95% CI: 25.9–28.6] per 100 000. For paediatric-onset CD [pCD], the incidence increased from 1.9 [95% CI: 1.2–2.8] to 9.9 [95% CI: 8.1–11.8] per 100 000 and from 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2–2.8] to 8.7 [95% CI: 7.1– 10.5] per 100 000 for paediatric-onset UC [pUC]. In 2017, the prevalence of CD and UC was 293 [95% CI: 288–297] and 523 [95% CI: 517–528] per 100 000. For pCD and pUC, the prevalence was 35 [95% CI: 31–38] and 28 [95% CI: 26–32] per 100 000.ConclusionsThe incidence of paediatric- and adult-onset IBD in Denmark continues to increase and is among the highest in the world.
Epidemiology, Treatment Strategy, Natural Disease Course and Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Western Hungary – A Population-based Study Between 2007 and 2018: Data from the Veszprem County Cohort
Authors: Kurti Zsuzsanna , Gonczi Lorant , Lakatos Laszlo , Golovics Petra A , Pandur Tunde , David Gyula , Erdelyi Zsuzsanna , Szita Istvan , Lakatos Peter L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe number of population-based studies in ulcerative colitis [UC] from Eastern Europe is limited. Our aim here was to analyse the incidence, prevalence, disease phenotype, treatment strategy, disease course and colectomy rates in a prospective population-based inception cohort including UC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018. The present study is a continuation of the Veszprem IBD cohort since 1977.MethodsIn total, 467 UC patients were included [male/female: 236/231; median age at diagnosis: 36 years, IQR: 25–54 years]. Both in-hospital and outpatient records were collected and comprehensively reviewed. The mean length of follow-up was 8.34 ± 3.6 years. Demographic data were derived from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office.ResultsThe mean incidence rate was 11.02/105 person-years in this 12-year period. Prevalence was 317.79/105 persons in 2015. Disease extent at diagnosis was proctitis [E1] in 22.3%, left-sided colitis [E2] in 43.9% and extensive colitis [E3] in 33.8%. The probability of disease extent progression was 11.6% [SE: 1.8] after 5 years. The distribution of maximal therapeutic steps was 5-ASA in 46.9%, corticosteroids in 16.3%, immunosuppressives in 19.3% and biologicals in 16.5%. The probability of receiving biological therapy after diagnosis was 9.9% [SE: 1.4] at 3 years. The overall colectomy rate was 4.1% in the population. The probability of colectomy was 1.5% [SE: 0.6] at 1 year, 3.6% [SE: 0.9] at 5 years and 4.4% [SE: 1.0] at 10 years.ConclusionsThe incidence of UC was high in Hungary, similar to high-incidence areas in Western Europe. Treatment strategies are in line with the biological era. The probability of progressing to proximal disease, and the medium- and long-term colectomy rates were both lower compared with data from Western European centres.
Addressing Health Inequities in Digital Clinical Trials: A Review of Challenges and Solutions From the Field of HIV Research
Authors: Wirtz Andrea L , Logie Carmen H , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clinical trials are considered the gold standard for establishing efficacy of health interventions, thus determining which interventions are brought to scale in health care and public health programs. Digital clinical trials, broadly defined as trials that have partial to full integration of technology across implementation, interventions, and/or data collection, are valued for increased efficiencies as well as testing of digitally delivered interventions. Although recent reviews have described the advantages and disadvantages of and provided recommendations for improving scientific rigor in the conduct of digital clinical trials, few to none have investigated how digital clinical trials address the digital divide, whether they are equitably accessible, and if trial outcomes are potentially beneficial only to those with optimal and consistent access to technology. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other health conditions, disproportionately affects socially and economically marginalized populations, raising questions of whether interventions found to be efficacious in digital clinical trials and subsequently brought to scale will sufficiently and consistently reach and provide benefit to these populations. We reviewed examples from HIV research from across geographic settings to describe how digital clinical trials can either reproduce or mitigate health inequities via the design and implementation of the digital clinical trials and, ultimately, the programs that result. We discuss how digital clinical trials can be intentionally designed to prevent inequities, monitor ongoing access and utilization, and assess for differential impacts among subgroups with diverse technology access and use. These findings can be generalized to many other health fields and are practical considerations for donors, investigators, reviewers, and ethics committees engaged in digital clinical trials.
The future of individualized cardiovascular care: how wearables could be integrated to improve outcomes
Authors: Hung John D , Brugaletta Salvatore , Spratt James C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Personalized medicine is a concept all clinicians must strive to deliver. Recent advances in technology increasingly offer new opportunities to personalize care, not least in cardiovascular medicine. Health trackers and wearables are technologies in an explosive phase of development. They allow accurate and continuous measurement of bio-data, recorded and analysed using apps and mobile devices. However, although there is huge potential, most physicians and healthcare organizations are yet to realize the value of integrating wearables into routine clinical practice. We discuss how this state-of-the-art technology can support patients in making meaningful lifestyle changes and revolutionize the future of cardiovascular medicine.
Chronically altered ventricular activation causes pro-arrhythmic cardiac electrical remodelling in the chronic AV block dog model
Authors: van Weperen Valerie Y H , ter Horst Iris , Dunnink Albert , Bossu Alexandre , Salden Odette A , Beekman Henriette D M , Oros Avram , Bourgonje Vincent , Stams Thom , Meine Mathias , Vos Marc A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsAltered ventricular activation (AVA) causes intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) and impedes contraction, promoting pro-arrhythmic electrical remodelling in the chronic atrioventricular block (CAVB) dog. We aimed to study arrhythmogenic and electromechanical outcomes of different degrees of AVA.Methods and resultsFollowing atrioventricular block, AVA was established through idioventricular rhythm (IVR; n = 29), right ventricular apex (RVA; n = 12) pacing or biventricular pacing [cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT); n = 10]. After ≥3 weeks of bradycardic remodelling, Torsade de Pointes arrhythmia (TdP) inducibility, defined as ≥3 TdP/10 min, was tested with specific IKr-blocker dofetilide (25 μg/kg/5 min). Mechanical dyssynchrony was assessed by echocardiography as time-to-peak (TTP) of left ventricular (LV) free-wall minus septum (ΔTTP). Electrical intraventricular dyssynchrony was assessed as slope of regression line correlating intraventricular LV activation time (AT) and activation recovery interval (ARI). Under sinus rhythm, contraction occurred synchronous (ΔTTP: −8.6 ± 28.9 ms), and latest activated regions seemingly had slightly longer repolarization (AT–ARI slope: −0.4). Acute AV block increased MD in all groups, but following ≥3 weeks of remodelling IVR animals became significantly more TdP inducible (19/29 IVR vs. 5/12 RVA and 2/10 CRT, both P &lt; 0.05 vs. IVR). After chronic AVA, intraventricular MD was lowest in CRT animals (ΔTTP: −8.5 ± 31.2 vs. 55.80 ± 20.0 and 82.7 ± 106.2 ms in CRT, IVR, and RVA, respectively, P &lt; 0.05 RVA vs. CRT). Although dofetilide steepened negative AT–ARI slope in all groups, this heterogeneity in dofetilide-induced ARI prolongation seemed least pronounced in CRT animals (slope to −0.8, −3.2 and −4.5 in CRT, IVR and RVA, respectively).ConclusionSeverity of intraventricular MD affects the extent of electrical remodelling and pro-arrhythmic outcome in the CAVB dog model.
Rapid large-scale genomic introgression in Arabidopsis suecica via an autoallohexaploid bridge
Authors: Oruganti Vidya , Toegelová Helena , Pečinka Aleš , Madlung Andreas , Schneeberger Korbinian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gene flow between species in the genus Arabidopsis occurs in significant amounts, but how exactly gene flow is achieved is not well understood. Polyploidization may be one avenue to explain gene flow between species. One problem, however, with polyploidization as a satisfying explanation is the occurrence of lethal genomic instabilities in neopolyploids as a result of genomic exchange, erratic meiotic behavior, and genomic shock. We have created an autoallohexaploid by pollinating naturally co-occurring diploid Arabidopsis thaliana with allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica (an allotetraploid composed of A. thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa). Its triploid offspring underwent spontaneous genome duplication and was used to generate a multigenerational pedigree. Using genome resequencing, we show that 2 major mechanisms promote stable genomic exchange in this population. Legitimate meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation between the autopolyploid chromosomes of the 2 A. thaliana genomes occur without any obvious bias for the parental origin and combine the A. thaliana haplotypes from the A. thaliana parent with the A. thaliana haplotypes from A. suecica similar to purely autopolyploid plants. In addition, we repeatedly observed that occasional exchanges between regions of the homoeologous chromosomes are tolerated. The combination of these mechanisms may result in gene flow leading to stable introgression in natural populations. Unlike the previously reported resynthesized neoallotetraploid A. suecica, this population of autoallohexaploids contains mostly vigorous, and genetically, cytotypically, and phenotypically variable individuals. We propose that naturally formed autoallohexaploid populations might serve as an intermediate bridge between diploid and polyploid species, which can facilitate gene flow rapidly and efficiently.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Amomum tsao-ko provides insights into the biosynthesis of flavor compounds
Authors: Li Ping , Bai Genxiang , He Jiangbin , Liu Bo , Long Junru , Morcol Taylan , Peng Weiyao , Quan Fan , Luan Xinbo , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhao Yi , Cha Yunsheng , Liu Yuanyuan , He Juncai , Wu Lianzhang , Yang Yi , Kennelly Edward J , Yang Quan , Sun Lirong , Chen Zepeng , Qian Wanqiang , Hu Jian , Yan Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amomum tsao-ko is an economically important spice plant in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The dried ripe fruit has been widely used as spice and medicine in Southeast Asia due to its distinct flavor metabolites. However, there is little genomic information available to understand the biosynthesis of its characteristic flavor compounds. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome of A. tsao-ko with a total length of 2.08 Gb assembled into 24 chromosomes. Potential relationships between genetic variation and chemical constituents were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 119 representative A. tsao-ko specimens in China. Metabolome and transcriptome correlation analysis of different plant organs and fruit developmental stages revealed the proposed biosynthesis of the characteristic bicyclononane aldehydes and aromatic metabolites in A. tsao-ko fruit. Transcription factors of 20 families may be involved in the regulatory network of terpenoids. This study provides genomic and chemical insights into the biosynthesis of characteristic aroma and flavor constituents, which can be used to improve the quality of A. tsao-ko as food and medicine.
A scoping review of patient safety research carried out in Saudi Arabian hospitals
Authors: Kaud Yazeed , O’Connor Paul , O’Malley Roisin , Dunne Rosie , Lydon Sinéad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Saudi Arabia, there has been substantial investment in patient safety initiatives.ObjectivesThe objectives of this scoping review were to map the quantity and nature of existing research on patient safety in Saudi Arabian hospitals and to identify gaps in the extant literature.MethodsElectronic searches were completed using five databases. Peer-reviewed studies written in English or Arabic that focused on patient safety in hospitals in Saudi Arabia were reviewed. Studies concerned with measuring and monitoring safety were categorised using the Measuring and Monitoring Safety Framework. The hierarchy of intervention effectiveness was used to categorise interventions studies.ResultsA total of 2489 studies were screened, with 67 meeting the inclusion criteria. In total, 61 (91%) of included studies were focused on the measurement or monitoring of safety. Six studies (9%) considered interventions to improve patient safety. Of these, 31.3% of the studies assessed past harm, 1.5% reliability of safety systems, 7.5% sensitivity to operations, 47.8% anticipation and preparedness, and 3% integration and learning. Of the six intervention studies, one study reported enforcing functions interventions, one simplification and standardisation, two rules and policies, and two studies applied an education and training intervention.ConclusionAs is the case internationally, there is a paucity of evidence on interventions to improve safety in Saudi Arabia. This review has identified areas of strength, redundancy, and gaps in patient safety research in the Saudi Arabia. However, the findings also have implications for the MMS in other healthcare systems.
A novel noninvasive genetic survey technique for small mammals
Authors: Aylward Cody M , Grahn Robert A , Barthman-Thompson Laureen M , Kelt Douglas A , Sacks Benjamin N , Statham Mark J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Noninvasive genetic surveys, often conducted by collecting fecal samples, have become a popular tool for surveying wildlife, but have primarily been applied to species with large and conspicuous scat. Although many small mammals are threatened, endangered, or data deficient, noninvasive genetic surveys have rarely been applied due to the challenges of detecting their inconspicuous fecal pellets. As part of a broader study of the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), we developed a noninvasive genetic survey technique for the community of small mammals in their putative range. We designed bait stations to passively collect fecal samples from rodents, and developed a multiplex primer set that amplified unique fragment sizes for salt marsh harvest mice and four other sympatric species. We tested the primer set on positive controls and on fecal pellets collected from bait stations at two regularly monitored field sites known to have very different densities of salt marsh harvest mice. The multiplex amplified DNA from all five species, even when all five species were present in a single sample. A positive species identification was made for all field-collected samples, and 43% of these field-collected samples had multispecies detections. The combination of bait stations and genetic species identification proved to be an effective means of noninvasively surveying small mammals in potential salt marsh harvest mouse habitat. The sampling technique should be applicable to a wide variety of small mammals in other systems.
Tropical and Temperate Lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Host Different Strains of Coxiella-like Endosymbionts
Authors: Brophy Maureen , Walker Kathleen R , Adamson Johnathan E , Ravenscraft Alison 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonpathogenic bacteria likely play important roles in the biology and vector competence of ticks and other arthropods. Coxiella, a gram-negative gammaproteobacterium, is one of the most commonly reported maternally inherited endosymbionts in ticks and has been associated with over 40 tick species. Species-specific Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) have been reported in the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae), throughout the world, while recent research suggests low Coxiella diversity among tick species. We investigated CLE diversity among R. sanguineus s.l. ticks across Arizona. We detected 37 recurrent sequence variants (SVs) of the symbiont, indicating greater diversity in these symbiotic bacteria than previously reported. However, two SVs accounted for the vast majority of 16S rRNA amplicon reads. These two dominant CLEs were both closely related to Candidatus C. mudrowiae, an identified symbiont of Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. One strain strongly associated with the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus s.l. while the other was found almost exclusively in the temperate lineage, supporting the conclusion that CLEs are primarily vertically transmitted. However, occasional mismatches between tick lineage and symbiont SV indicate that horizontal symbiont transfer may occur, perhaps via cofeeding of ticks from different lineages on the same dog. This study advances our understanding of CLE diversity in Rh. sanguineus s.l.
P041 Preliminary evaluation of gradient concentration strips for detection of terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton spp.
Authors: Bidaud Anne-Laure , Moreno-Sabater Alicia , Normand Anne-Cécile , Cremer Geneviève , Foulet Françoise , Brun Sophie , Ayachi Aymen , Imbert Sébastien , Chowdhary Anuradha , Dannaoui Eric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Objectives
Dermatophytosis is the most common superficial fungal infection. Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are the most frequently isolated species, but their incidence varies according to geographical regions. Terbinafine is the main molecule used to treat this type of infection. In recent years, a high incidence of chronic infections, reinfections, and treatment failures due to a newly described specie, T. indotineae, have been reported in India and recently described in Europe. It is currently a public health problem for the management of these infections in this country.
Until now, the monitoring of dermatophyte susceptibility to antifungals was rarely performed due to the lack of standardized in vitro tests. Since then, an in vitro technique has been standardized by the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) to test terbinafine and other antifungals. Recently, a gradient concentration strip method has been marketed.
The aim of this study was to compare terbinafine susceptibility testing by the gradient concentration strip (GCS) method and the EUCAST standardized method.

Methods
A panel of 47 molecularly identified isolates of T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes, and T. indotineae was used. The panel included 39 terbinafine- susceptible isolates and 8 terbinafine resistant isolates for which the squalene epoxidase gene was sequenced.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of terbinafine was determined using EUCAST microdilution broth method for dermatophytes. Inoculum was supplemented with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Final drug concentrations ranged from 0.008 to 8 μg/ml and microtiter plates were incubated at 25°C for 5 days. The MIC was determined spectrophotometrically with a 90% growth inhibition endpoint.
MIC of terbinafine was also determined using GCS (Terbinafine Ezy MIC™ Strip, HiMedia, India) on RPMI agar. The plates were incubated for 5 days at 25°C. After incubation, MIC was read by using a complete inhibition endpoint. Isolates were considered wild-type when MIC was ≤ 0.125 μg/ml.

Results
EUCAST MIC values ranged from 0.008 to 0.0625 μg/mL and from 0.25 to 16 μg/ml for susceptible and resistant isolates, respectively.
GCS MIC values ranged from 0.002 to 0.03 μg/ml and 0.125 to &gt;32 for susceptible and resistant isolates, respectively.
The categorical agreement (percentage of strains found in the same category) by the two techniques was 98%.

Conclusion
These preliminary results show that GCS can detect resistance to terbinafine and could be used as a screening method. These results must be confirmed on a larger panel of isolates.