bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restraining patients in acute care hospitals—A qualitative study on the experiences of healthcare staff
Authors: Siegrist‐Dreier Sandra , Barbezat Isabelle , Thomann Silvia , Richter Dirk , Hahn Sabine , Schmitt Kai‐Uwe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe focus was to explore the perceptions and experiences of healthcare workers with respect to the use of restraints in acute care hospitals.DesignThe study followed a qualitative design.MethodsThree topic‐based focus group interviews were conducted, involving 19 participants from the fields of nursing, physical therapy and medicine. For data collection and analysis, the method of mapping techniques for rapid qualitative data analysis was used. After discussing and validating the individual mind maps, all data were condensed to identify the key findings.ResultsParticipants described restraints as safety measures for the patients. The implementation of most restraints was led by nurses. The use of restraints differed significantly, even in the interprofessional team. Attitudes and experiences were the main determinants for restraint use. Nurses asked for more discussion about restraints in the team, for more support at an interprofessional level and for better guidelines to help with the decision‐making process.
Correlations between uncertainty in illness and anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cheng Jingxia , Yang Dongju , Zuo Qiantao , Peng Weixu , Zhu Longling , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the uncertainty in illness, anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis and confirm the correlations between these variables.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 396 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis in four tertiary hospitals in China.MethodsUncertainty in illness was measured by Mishel's uncertainty in illness scale. The scores of self‐rating anxiety scale, self‐rating depression scale and medical outcomes study short form 36 were collected and compared with available norms. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between uncertainties in illness with these vital variables.ResultsThe mean score of uncertainty in illness was 78.16 out of 160. Compared with the norm, patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis had a statistically significantly lower score of depression and higher scores of most domains of quality of life. Uncertainty in illness is corrected with anxiety, depression positively and with quality of life negatively.
MiR‐195 promotes pancreatic β‐cell dedifferentiation by targeting Mfn2 and impairing Pi3k/Akt signaling in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xu Yuhua , Tang Zixuan , Dai Hui , Hou Jue , Li Fangqin , Tang Zhuqi , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to research the role and underlying mechanism of miR‐195 involved in pancreatic β‐cell dedifferentiation induced by hyperlipemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsHigh‐fat‐diet‐induced obese C57BL/6J mice and palmitate‐stimulated Min6 cells were used as the models of β‐cell dedifferentiation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The expression of miR‐195 and insulin secretion during β‐cell dedifferentiation were measured. Also, the influence of regulated miR‐195 expression on β‐cell dedifferentiation was examined. Meanwhile, the IRS‐1/2/Pi3k/Akt pathway and mitofusin‐2 (Mfn2) expression were investigated during β‐cell dedifferentiation.ResultsMiR‐195 was upregulated during lipotoxicity‐induced β‐cell dedifferentiation in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, and miR‐195 functionally contributed to lipotoxicity‐induced β‐cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, miR‐195 inhibited IRS‐1/2/Pi3k/Akt pathway activation, which accompanied β‐cell dedifferentiation. Mfn2, a target of miR‐195, was found to be downregulated and was associated with increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species during β‐cell dedifferentiation. Instructively, inhibition of miR‐195, at least partially, reversed the downregulation of Mfn2, restored IRS‐1/2/Pi3k/Akt pathway activation, and prevented β‐cell dedifferentiation.ConclusionsMiR‐195 promoted β‐cell dedifferentiation through negatively regulating Mfn2 expression and inhibiting the IRS‐1/2/Pi3k/Akt pathway, providing a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Model predictive control of a dual fuel engine integrated with waste heat recovery used for electric power in buildings
Authors: Reddy Chethan R. , Bonfochi Vinhaes Vinicius , Naber Jeffrey D. , Robinett Rush D. , Shahbakhti Mahdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWaste heat recovery (WHR) system uses the thermal energy from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (ICE) to assist in the electricity generated by the ICE generator in buildings. This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) framework to minimize the fuel consumption of an ICE by integrating it with a WHR system. To this end, a control oriented model of a WHR system is developed and then integrated to a control oriented model of a turbocharged dual fuel diesel‐natural gas ICE. The ICE model is derived based on experimental data collected from a 6.7 L Cummins ISB engine modified for dual fuel operation. The designed MPC framework optimizes the ICE combustion, turbocharger, and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system in the WHR to minimize fuel consumption of the ICE. The designed control framework also allows to meet time‐varying exhaust gas temperature requirements of the ICE to meet exhaust emission constraints. The results show that the optimal operation of the WHR and the ICE reduces the fuel consumption of the ICE by 6.7%.
Effect of weave pattern on high strain rate performance of glass/polytetrafluoroethylene composites
Authors: Bandaru Aswani Kumar , Chouhan Hemant , Prasad Sanjay , Weaver Paul M. , Bhatnagar Naresh , O'Higgins Ronan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn investigation of the effect of strain rate on the dynamic compressive behavior of glass/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite is presented. Experimental studies were carried out on two dimensional (2D), satin weave (SW) and three dimensional (3D) woven glass/PTFE composites using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. Commercial grades of glass/PTFE fabrics were autoclaved to prepare the composite laminates and circular specimens were cut out using a high‐pressure water jet. High strain rate studies confirmed the rate‐dependent behavior of all the woven composite systems under consideration. The highest rates of loading were attained by 3D woven specimens for identical incident energies. The highest peak stress attained by 3D woven specimens was 501 MPa, which was trailed by 2D woven specimens with 482 MPa stress. The advantage of satin weave was not reflected in the small specimens as the peak stress attained for identical loading was limited to 405 MPa. Similarly, the highest strain and toughness were recorded for 3D woven composites. However, the SW pattern unlocked a new possibility of controlling the primary damage axis. Furthermore, an analytical method is presented based on variable rate power law to predict the dynamic compressive stress of glass/PTFE.
Trends in the use of disease‐modifying therapies among reproductive‐aged women with multiple sclerosis in the United States from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Duchesneau Emilie D. , Kinlaw Alan C. , Jonsson Funk Michele , Pate Virginia , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that disproportionately affects women, with typical onset during reproductive age. Several disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) are FDA‐approved to slow disease progression, but are not indicated for use during pregnancy. Our objective was to describe trends over time (2010–2019) in monthly point prevalence of DMT use among reproductive‐age women, overall and by generic name.MethodsThis study used administrative claims data from the US during 2009–2019 to identify women age 15–44 with MS and continuous insurance coverage for ≥12 months. DMTs were identified using prescription fills and procedural claims for alemtuzumab, daclizumab, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, and teriflunomide. Monthly prevalent use was defined as ≥1 days' supply of a DMT in the month. Age‐ and region‐standardized monthly prevalence was estimated nonparametrically.ResultsAmong 42 281 reproductive‐aged women over 818 179 person‐months, DMT use increased from a minimum monthly prevalence of 49.3% (February, 2011) to a maximum of 58.7% (April, 2019). In 2010, prevalence of injectable DMTs was 43.1% compared to 2.5% for oral DMTs; by 2014, however, oral DMTs (26.5%) surpassed injectable DMTs (23.7%) as the most common route of administration. In the most recent data available (December, 2019), the most common DMTs were dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, and fingolimod.ConclusionsDMT use among reproductive‐aged women has rapidly evolved during the past decade. Collaborative treatment decision making between women with MS and clinicians may help optimize MS care and improve DMT uptake during reproductive years.
Measuring the impact of an empiric antibiotic algorithm for pulmonary exacerbation in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kennedy Charles , Greenberg Isabella , Perez Geovanny F. , Chaney Hollis , Sami Iman , Ogunlesi Folasade , Koumbourlis Anastassios C. , Hammer Benjamin , Hamdy Rana F. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Payne Asha S. , Hahn Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship is a systematic effort to change prescribing attitudes that can provide benefit in the provision of care to persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). Our objective was to decrease the unwarranted use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics and assess the impact of an empiric antibiotic algorithm using quality improvement methodology.MethodsWe assembled a multidisciplinary team with expertise in CF. We assessed baseline antibiotic use for treatment of pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) and developed an algorithm to guide empiric antibiotic therapy. We included persons with CF admitted to Children's National Hospital for treatment of PEx between January 2017 and March 2020. Our primary outcome measure was reducing unnecessary broad‐spectrum antibiotic use, measured by use consistent with the empiric antibiotic algorithm. The primary intervention was the initiation of the algorithm. Secondary outcomes included documentation of justification for broad‐spectrum antibiotic use and use of infectious disease (ID) consult.ResultsData were collected from 56 persons with CF who had a total of 226 PEx events. The mean age at first PEx was 12 (SD 6.7) years; 55% were female, 80% were white, and 29% were Hispanic. After initiation of the algorithm, the proportion of PEx with antibiotic use consistent with the algorithm increased from 46.2% to 79.5%. Documentation of justification for broad‐spectrum antibiotics increased from 56% to 85%. Use of ID consults increased from 17% to 54%.ConclusionAntimicrobial stewardship initiatives are beneficial in standardizing care and fostering positive working relationships between CF pulmonologists, ID physicians, and pharmacists.
Deterministic Photon Storage and Readout in a Semimagnetic Quantum Dot–Cavity System Doped with a Single Mn Ion
Authors: Cosacchi Michael , Seidelmann Tim , Mielnik‐Pyszczorski Adam , Neumann Miriam , Bracht Thomas K. , Cygorek Moritz , Vagov Alexei , Reiter Doris E. , Axt Vollrath M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight trapping is a crucial mechanism for synchronization in optical communication. Especially on the level of single photons, control of the exact emission time is desirable. In this paper, a single‐photon buffering device composed of a quantum dot doped with a single Mn atom in a cavity is theoretically proposed. A method to detain a single cavity photon as an excitation of the dot is presented. The storage scheme is based on bright to dark exciton conversion performed with an off‐resonant external optical field and mediated via a spin‐flip with the magnetic ion. The induced Stark shift brings both exciton states to resonance and results in an excitation transfer to the optically inactive one. The stored photon can be read out on demand in the same manner by repopulating the bright state, which has a short lifetime. The results indicate the possibility to suspend a photon for almost two orders of magnitude longer than the lifetime of the bright exciton.
Adaptive friction compensation for a class of mechanical systems based on LuGre model
Authors: Chen Pengnian , Liu Xiangbin , Yan Qiuzhen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of friction compensation for a class of uncertain mechanical systems based on LuGre model. The objective is to develop control laws such that the position variable of the system tracks a periodic desired signal or a constant desired signal. Since the friction behavior of the system with periodic desired signals is largely different from that of the system with constant desired signals, two different adaptive control methods are presented for the two cases, respectively. For the case of periodic desired signals, an adaptive repetitive learning control method is presented, and for the case of constant desired signals, an adaptive dynamic state feedback control method is presented. Both the control laws can guarantee that all the signals in the closed loop system are bounded and the tracking errors converge to zero. Several numerical simulations are carried out to show effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Bicyclol Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Manipulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Li Xiao‐Lin , Cui Jin‐Jin , Zheng Wen‐Sheng , Zhang Jin‐Lan , Li Rui , Ma Xiao‐Lei , Lin Miao , Guo Hui‐Hui , Li Cong , Yu Xiao‐You , Du Peng , Zhao Li‐Min , He Shuwang , Lan Pei , Jiang Jian‐Dong , Che Yongsheng , Wang Lu‐Lu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, thus imposing a growing burden on modern society. Herb‐derived bicyclol (BIC) is a versatile bioactive compound that can be used to treat AS. However, its efficacy in AS is not yet described. Here, it is shown that BIC normalizes gut microflora dysbiosis induced by a high fat diet in Apoe(−/−) mice. Metagenome‐wide association study analysis verifies that the modulation on carbohydrate‐active enzymes and short‐chain fatty acid generating genes in gut flora is among the mechanisms. The gut healthiness, especially the gut immunity and integrity, is restored by BIC intervention, leading to improved systemic immune cell dynamic and liver functions. Accordingly, the endothelial activation, macrophage infiltration, and cholesterol ester accumulation in the aortic arch are alleviated by BIC to lessen the plaque onset. Moreover, it is proved that the therapeutic effect of BIC on AS is transmissible by fecal microbiota transplantation. The current study, for the first time, demonstrates the antiatherosclerotic effects of BIC and shows that its therapeutic value can at least partially be attributed to its manipulation of gut microbiota.
Extradosed cable‐stayed Pelješac Bridge in Croatia – Fabrication of steel box girders and on‐site installation
Authors: Tang Bicheng , Wang Xuefeng , Zuo Yuequan , Zhang Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe new Pelješac Bridge and access road project, which links Mainland Croatia to the Pelješac Peninsula, is the most significant social infrastructure project in Croatia under construction at present. The bridge site lies in the highly active seismic region with ground acceleration ag = 0.34g and a maximum average ten‐minute wind speed above 33.7 m/s. As a result, the execution class for the steel structure was judged to be EXC4 based on the recommended matrix in standard EN 1090‐2, which defines execution classes according to consequence class, service category, and production category. The correspondingly determined quality level was class B+, which equates to quality class B under ISO 5817 with supplementary requirements for bridge decks from EN 1090‐2. This article describes the whole fabrication process in the workshop, the long‐distance transportation and the installation on the bridge site. To satisfy such high‐quality technical requirements, the heavy steel structures were fabricated using a wide variety of mechanized equipment and automatic welding techniques. This helped to ensure a more efficient fabrication process and more consistent product quality. The length of the large side span segments was designed to suit the capabilities of the floating cranes and transit barges, thereby making on‐site installation more efficient. Against the backdrop of the global Covid‐19 pandemic, the contractor CRBC overcame seemingly unsurmountable obstacles beyond their control to successfully complete this challenging assignment in two years.
Motivational outcomes of the science outreach lab S'Cool LAB at CERN: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Woithe Julia , Müller Andreas , Schmeling Sascha , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies highlight the positive effects of science outreach labs, in particular on students' motivational variables. However, out‐of‐school learning is generally associated with high novelty and specific setting characteristics that can impact learning and development. Indeed, previous studies call for further research on students' perception of the learning settings to ensure the best possible use of science outreach labs. This study aims to take this call up by analyzing motivational outcomes (situational interest and self‐concept) together with an unprecedented number of carefully chosen student and setting factors supposed to contribute to students' experience at science outreach labs. This study involved 509 high‐school students from 13 countries who took part in a half‐day hands‐on session at the particle physics outreach lab S'Cool LAB at CERN and a single group longitudinal pre‐ and post‐test research design. The results confirm that this intervention led to very high situational interest and self‐concept, even for a student sample that showed higher‐than‐average dispositional interest and self‐concept beforehand. Moreover, the initial motivational gender gap was closed after the intervention. To take the nested data into account, multilevel models were employed to study the predictive power of a set of student factors as well as students' perception of setting factors. Here, even after controlling for student factors such as their dispositional interest, support by the learning environment and educators was a crucial setting factor and was associated with especially high situational interest. Furthermore, students' cognitive preparedness and cognitive load were vital with respect to their situational self‐concept. Overall, regression models account for almost 60% of the variance of both motivational outcomes. We conclude that a systematic measurement of student and setting factors together with a multilevel approach provides highly valuable information about science outreach labs and how to optimize their effectiveness.
Cotransport of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and formaldehyde in saturated and unsaturated columns packed with quartz sand
Authors: Chrysikopoulos Constantinos V. , Fountouli Theodosia V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaboratory‐scale experiments were conducted to investigate the simultaneous transport of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and formaldehyde (FA) in columns packed with quartz sand under water saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. The effects of interstitial velocity and solution ionic strength on the TiO2 and FA cotransport were examined. The experimental results indicated that substantial retention of TiO2 nanoparticles occurs in both saturated and unsaturated porous media. The solution ionic strength was found to have a noticeable effect on the retention of TiO2 nanoparticles in the packed columns. Moreover, the results from the TiO2 nanoparticle transport experiments in water‐saturated packed columns suggested that the TiO2 nanoparticle mass recoveries increased with increasing flow rate. The results from the TiO2 nanoparticles and FA cotransport experiments in both water saturated and unsaturated packed columns did not reveal a distinct relationship between mass recoveries and flow rate. The transport of FA in both saturated and unsaturated packed columns was hindered in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, especially at high ionic strength. This work provides useful insights into fate and transport of TiO2 nanoparticles and FA in saturated and unsaturated porous media.
Vacuum stability with radiative Yukawa couplings
Authors: Gabrielli Emidio , Marzola Luca , Müürsepp Kristjan , Ouyang Ruiwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We explore the electroweak vacuum stability in the framework of a recently proposed paradigm for the origin of Yukawa couplings. These arise as low energy effective couplings radiatively generated by portal interactions with a hidden, or dark, sector at the one-loop level. Possible tree-level Yukawa couplings are forbidden by a new underlying symmetry, assumed to be spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation value of a new scalar field above the electroweak scale. As a consequence, the top Yukawa interaction ceases to behave as a local operator at energies above the new sector scale and, therefore, cannot contribute to the running of the quartic Higgs coupling at higher energies. By studying two complementary scenarios, we explicitly show that the framework can achieve the stability of the electroweak vacuum without particular tuning of parameters. The proposed mechanism requires the existence of a dark sector and new portal messenger scalar interactions that, connecting the Standard Model to the dark sector fields, could be tested at the LHC and future collider experiments.
Path integral complexity and Kasner singularities
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Das Diptarka , Das Sumit R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explore properties of path integral complexity in field theories on time dependent backgrounds using its dual description in terms of Hartle-Hawking wavefunctions. In particular, we consider boundary theories with time dependent couplings which are dual to Kasner-AdS metrics in the bulk with a time dependent dilaton. We show that holographic path integral complexity decreases as we approach the singularity, consistent with earlier results from holographic complexity conjectures. Furthermore, we find examples where the complexity becomes universal i.e., independent of the Kasner exponents, but the properties of the path integral tensor networks depend sensitively on this data.
Taming triangulation dependence of T6/ℤ2 × ℤ2 resolutions
Authors: Faraggi A. E. , Nibbelink S. Groot , Heredia M. Hurtado 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Resolutions of certain toroidal orbifolds, like T6/ℤ2× ℤ2, are far from unique, due to triangulation dependence of their resolved local singularities. This leads to an explosion of the number of topologically distinct smooth geometries associated to a single orbifold. By introducing a parameterisation to keep track of the triangulations used at all resolved singularities simultaneously, (self-)intersection numbers and integrated Chern classes can be determined for any triangulation configuration. Using this method the consistency conditions of line bundle models and the resulting chiral spectra can be worked out for any choice of triangulation. Moreover, by superimposing the Bianchi identities for all triangulation options much simpler though stronger conditions are uncovered. When these are satisfied, flop-transitions between all different triangulations are admissible. Various methods are exemplified by a number of concrete models on resolutions of the T6/ℤ2× ℤ2 orbifold.