bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) as a Biomarker of Abscopal Effect of Cryoablation in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Khan Sonia Y. , Melkus Michael W. , Rasha Fahmida , Castro Maribel , Chu Victoria , Brandi Luis , Khan Hafiz , Gill Harvinder Singh , Pruitt Kevin , Layeequr Rahman Rakhshanda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Morphological evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is gaining momentum as an immunological biomarker. This experiment evaluates the role of TILs in distant tumors as a measure of abscopal effect from cryoablation of breast cancer.

Methods
BALB/c mice underwent bilateral orthotopic transplant with 4T1-12B (triple-negative) cells. At 2 weeks, left tumors were treated by either resection (standard of care group) or cryoablation (intervention group) followed by resection of the distant right tumors 1 week posttreatment. TIL scores were calculated from hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and phenotyped for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) markers by immunofluorescence. Primarily resected tumors served as baseline (Tbaseline), whereas resected distant right-sided served as the readout for abscopal effect (AbsRes or AbsCryo). Mice were monitored for tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Results
The AbsCryo had a significant mean (SD) increase in stromal (2.8 [1.1]%; p = 0.015) and invasive margin TILs (50 [12]%; p = 0.02) compared with TBaseline (1.0 [0]% and 31 [4.9]%, respectively). CTL phenotyping revealed a significant increase in mean (SD) CD8+ T cells (15.7 [12.1]; p = 0.02) and granzyme B (4.8 [3.6]; p = 0.048) for the AbsCryo compared with TBaseline (5.2 [4.7] and 2.4 [0.9], respectively). Posttreatment, the cryoablation group had no recurrence or metastasis, whereas the resected group showed local recurrence and lung metastasis in 40% of the mice. Postprocedure increase in TIL score of distant tumors was associated with decrease in tumor relapse (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Cryoablation induced a robust tumor-specific TIL response compared with resection, suggesting an abscopal effect leading to the prevention of cancer recurrence and metastasis.
The role of end-of-life communication in contributing to palliative-oriented care at the end-of-life in nursing home
Authors: Gonella Silvia , Basso Ines , Dimonte Valerio , Giulio Paola Di 
Published: January 2022

Background: Clear communication about a person's poor prognosis and limited treatment choices improves the quality of end-of-life care. Aims: To investigate how end-of-life communication may contribute to palliative-oriented care at the end-of-life in nursing homes according to both families' and nurses' perspective. Secondly, to identify the contextual factors internal to the nursing home that may influence the timing and quality of communication. Thirdly, to confirm the foundations for a first theory of end-of-life communication. Method: This study is a descriptive two-tailed embedded multiple-case study. A secondary analysis of 23 family carer-nurse paired interviews was performed. Findings: Several contextual factors influenced the timing and quality of communication that, in turn, impacted end-of-life care by promoting family understanding, fostering shared decision-making between healthcare professionals and resident/family carers, and improving the knowledge of residents' and family carers' preferences (ie drivers of transition towards palliative-oriented care). Family carers' preferences had the strongest influence in guiding the care approach, while residents' preferences were poorly known and had a limited impact on the end-of-life care goal. Complex and dynamic interactions within and between drivers and contextual factors emerged, providing preliminary evidence for a first end-of-life communication theory. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need to promote a familiar atmosphere and quality relationships, and improve the knowledge of a resident's preferences to ensure that end-of-life care is consistent with their desires.
Palliative-care nurses' and physicians' descriptions of the competencies needed in their working units
Authors: Melender Hanna-Leena , Hökkä Minna , Kaakinen Pirjo , Lehto Juho T , Hirvonen Outi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Specialists were asked to describe the most essential palliative and end-of-life care competencies needed in their working units, in order to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon. Aim: To describe the most essential competencies of palliative-care nurses and physicians. Methods: The data was collected using an open-ended question in a survey sent to registered nurses (n=129) working within palliative care and to physicians (n=64) with a special competency in palliative care. The data was analysed using content analysis. Results: The description of the most essential competencies included 16 main categories and 63 subcategories in total. The three strongest main categories were ‘clinical competence’, ‘competence in social interactions’ and ‘competence in giving support’. Eleven main categories were based on both nurses' and physicians' data, while five main categories were created from nurses’ data only. Conclusion: Interprofessional palliative-care education is recommended for the undergraduate and postgraduate education of nurses and physicians.
Youngstock health: a focus on Mycoplasma bovis, nematode control and the use of NSAIDS in scour
Authors: Barrett David C , Griffiths Dan , Hopkins James P , Button Ellie 
Published: January 2022

Foreword Farming is under increasing scrutiny on environmental issues (including greenhouse gas emissions, resource use, water and air quality, biodiversity and other impacts), in addition to increasing economic and social pressures. It is increasingly clear that we need to ensure that every animal has a good healthy life, while reducing losses throughout the production system. As cattle vets, we work with cattle at every stage of the production cycle, but on many dairy farms, youngstock are still seen as being of secondary importance compared with the mature herd, suffering significant levels of disease, and sustaining high mortality. This is despite the fact that dairy replacements are, or should be, the group with the highest genetic merit on the farm and are the future of the herd. In contrast to the dairy herd, calves from the suckler herd are the only saleable product of the cow and thus her whole production for the year is lost if the calf should die. Despite this, more could still be done on many farms to improve health and productivity of these calves allowing them to be finished faster with associated environmental benefits. For environmental, economic and social reasons, it is no longer acceptable to cull dairy bull calves, or to ignore high levels of morbidity or mortality. An animal that has a suboptimal growth rate or dies represents a financial loss to the farmer, a welfare concern to the consumer, and an environmental impact that is not compensated for by food (milk or meat) production. If we are to serve our clients to the best of our ability and help make their businesses as sustainable as possible, we need a greater focus on youngstock. This supplement is a good place to start with its focus on Mycoplasma bovis, nematode control and the use of NSAIDs in calf scour.
Frequency response locking of electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesters using a switch with tuned duty cycle
Authors: Dezhara Aboozar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is proposed to tune linear electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesters so that they will achieve an optimum case regardless of the base amplitude or excitation frequency of the environment. The author designed the optimum coil and load parameters as well as the optimum acceleration amplitude and vibration frequency of the magnet for known values of three mechanical parameters (spring constant, mass, and mechanical damping coefficient) so that the optimum parameters will remain constant upon switching. As the vibration frequency of the magnet deviates from the optimal value, the switch turns on and off to compensate for the deviation so that the maximum power entering the electrical domain does not change. The deviation is limited to frequency or base amplitude acceleration. Other optimum parameters are fixed values. They are designed so that they can handle the maximum power that is delivered to the electrical domain.
Ethical considerations of maternal-fetal surgery
Authors: Rousseau Abigail C. , Riggan Kirsten A. , Schenone Mauro H. , Whitford Kevin J. , Pittock Siobhan T. , Allyse Megan A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The practice of maternal-fetal surgery (MFS) has expanded from lethal fetal conditions to conditions which are significantly disabling but not a lethal fetal abnormality. The inclusion of myelomeningocele within the scope of MFS in the 1990s sparked a renewed debate over the ethics of MFS. While demonstrating increasing efficacy and range of application, MFS continues to be ethically fraught due to the inherent tension between maternal and fetal interests. Ethical issues central to MFS include the patienthood of the fetus; the balance of risks and benefits between the woman and fetus; informed consent for experimental procedures; and determination of conditions that meet ethical qualifications for MFS intervention. These concerns are likely to persist and evolve as perinatal medicine continues to advance. Here we summarize the current state of MFS ethics, highlighting the major positions in the literature thus far as well as examine future directions. It is essential robust discussions of these important issues continue both to ensure ethical medical practice and to provide support to clinicians, pregnant women, and their families.
Popularizing Moral Philosophy by Acting as a Moral Expert
Authors: Albersmeier Frauke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the ethics of popularizing moral philosophy. In particular, it addresses the question of whether ethicists engaged in public debates should restrict themselves to acting as impartial informants or moderators rather than advocates of their own moral opinions. I dismiss the idea that being an impartial servant to moral debates is the default or even the only defensible way to publicly exercise ethical expertise and thus, to popularize moral philosophy. Using a case example from the public debate about the human use of nonhuman animals, I highlight the benefits and risks of endorsing an advocate’s and a teacher’s or moderator’s role, respectively. I argue for a general requirement of judgment transparency which entails that the publicly engaged philosopher ought to be clear and consistent about the type of role she takes on, her publicly advanced opinions generally ought to be her professional ones and that she ought to flag her private opinions. I finally show that, despite general concerns about conflicts of interest, exercising ethical expertise and engaging in advocacy, i.e., acting as if one were a moral expert, are not incompatible modes of public engagement for the moral philosopher.
Sharing communicative responsibility: training US students in cooperative strategies for communicating across linguistic difference
Authors: Subtirelu Nicholas Close , Lindemann Stephanie , Acheson Kris , Campbell Maxi-Ann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The internationalization of Anglophone universities could allow English-dominant students to benefit from experience with English speakers from a wide variety of backgrounds, but US students have often complained of difficulty communicating with such instructors, especially International Teaching Assistants (ITAs). Research has largely focused on helping ITAs assimilate linguistically and culturally, although many applied linguists suggest that ITAs’ students would also benefit from training in skills for communication across linguistic difference, through attention to their language attitudes, familiarity with diverse Englishes, and communication strategies. We report on an intervention designed to address all three, here focusing on students’ willingness to engage in collaborative communication strategies. The intervention, conducted in a computer science department and reaching over 300 first-year students from varied linguistic backgrounds, included an online and an in-class component, each lasting about an hour. This brief intervention resulted in small but significant gains in domestic undergraduates’ (n = 174) stated intention to engage in collaborative behavior with their ITAs, although our detailed examination of qualitative responses suggests important areas for continued improvement of the intervention. We discuss the potential for such interventions to facilitate institutional and cultural change, encouraging the recognition of the shared responsibility for successful communication.
The crystal structure of (Z)-2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxybut-2-enoyl)-5-methyl -1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one – methanol (1/1), C18H18N3O4S
Authors: Feng Yunqian , Ye Jianghai , Wang Peng , Tai Shuqiong , Lang Tianqiong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C18H18N3O4S, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 10.8839(14) Å, b = 14.2825(18) Å, c = 13.0717(16) Å, β = 108.618(3)°, V = 1925.6(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0359, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0812, Flack parameter = 0.009(6), T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of [diaqua[2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-5-carboxy)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′]nickel(II)] tetrahydrate, C16H12N4NiO10·4H2O
Authors: Liu Xu , Meng Xiang-Ru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
C16H20N4NiO14, orthorhombic, Pnma (No. 62), a = 7.1945(2) Å, b = 16.1805(4) Å, c = 17.7912(5) Å, V = 2071.08(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0353, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0997, T = 293(2) K.
Risk and resilience in a changing climate: a diachronic analysis in the press across the globe
Authors: Bevitori Cinzia , Johnson Jane Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBuilding on our previous work investigating discourses of climate-induced mobility in the UK and US press, this paper addresses the overarching theme of environmental issues and the anthropocene by looking into representations of migration as adaptation in the context of climate change. In particular, drawing on corpus-assisted discourse analysis methodologies, the paper will focus on, and critically explore, meaning patterns of “risk” and “resilience” in a purpose-built diachronic corpus of quality newspapers from the Global North and the Global South between 2010 and 2017. Risk and resilience may in fact be regarded as the defining – though problematic – terms of our anthropogenic era. The investigation focuses on whether and how any significant discursive shifts may be identified in newspaper discourse across the globe and the extent to which the mainstream press reflects this problematicity. Our main findings show that not only is mention of risk more frequent in the Global North throughout than in the Global South media outlets, whereas the opposite is observed for resilience, but also that distinct meaning patterns emerge over time across the different areas of the world under investigation.
Single nucleotide substitutions in the matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene in hypertensive individuals of European and South Asian ethnicity in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Plekhova N. G. , Brodskaya T. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Repina N. I. , Eliseeva V. S. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -1562C>T (rs3918242) in the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene in hypertensive (HTN) in individuals of European and South Asian ethnicity of Primorsky Krai and Sakhalin Oblast.Material and methods. The analysis of conventional and additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (35 parameters) in 377 people as a part of regional stage of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study (2014-2019), of whom 240 people of European (Slavic) and 137 people of South Asian (Korean, second- and third-generation immigrants) ethnicity. Substitutions in the MMP-9 gene -1562C>T (rs3918242) was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan technology.Results. Compared to Koreans, the Slavs have a higher blood pressure (p=0,002). There were no significant differences between ethnic groups (p=0,07) in cardiovascular risk levels using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Significant differences (p=0,003) were determined in cardiovascular risk levels for healthy Koreans and HTN patients. It was shown that among patients with HTN, the pulse wave velocity exceeded the recommended values in 22,2% of Europeans and in 46,6% of Koreans (p=0,003). The number of hypertensive Europeans and minor MMP-9 rs3918242 T allele exceeded 2,6 times the number of healthy persons (odds ratio, 4,7; 95% confidence interval: 1,1 -7,8 (p=0,03)). MMP-9 rs3918242 T allele in Koreans of the Sakhalin Oblast was not associated with HTN (odds ratio, 0,81; 95% confidence interval: 0,12-5,54 (p=0,83)). Moreover, in South Asian population, heterozygous carriers of T allele prevailed, which significantly (p=0,002) differed from Europeans, who, in general, had a homozygous CC genotype.Conclusion. In Far Eastern Federal District, SNPs in the MMP-9 C-1562T gene were found mainly in hypertensive patients of European ethnicity, while in Koreans, a significant relationship between the carriage of minor T allele in this gene and the presence of HTN was not established.
Adaptive potential of cardiovascular system and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels in women of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Authors: Elfimova A. E. , Tipisova E. V. , Molodovskaya I. N. , Alikina V. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim.To assess the adaptive potential of cardiovascular system in female population of the Russian Arctic territory and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels.Material and methods.The study involved 253 women living in European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and Asian North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), who were divided into groups of fertile (n=58 and n=70, respectively) and postmenopausal women (n=59 and n=66, respectively). Enzyme immunoassay of serum was used to determine the levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (LH), progesterone, prolactin, total and free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin. In plasma, dopamine level was identified. Adaptive potential (AP) was estimated according to R. M. Baevsky method.Results.A significant disadaptation was revealed in residents of Asian North compared to European North as follows: the proportion of persons with poor adaptation increases from 16% in European North to 26% in Asian North in fertile women, while the proportion of persons with adaptation failure increases from 9 to 23% in postmenopausal women. The strongest relationships between hormonal parameters and AP level were found in postmenopausal women: in European North, adaptation impairment is associated with higher levels of testosterone at lower concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, LH and sex hormone-binding globulin; in Asian North, adaptation failure is associated with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone, and dopamine.Conclusion.A greater AP impairment, which characterizes cardiovascular system adaptation, was noted among Asian North residents. We revealed significant relationships between cardiovascular function and hormonal parameters. In European North residents, poor adaptation is associated with a more androgenic sex hormone profile, while in Asian North — with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone and dopamine.
How is the demand for important professional qualities of a future doctor changing in the context of digitalization?
Authors: Kornilova O. A. , Avdeeva E. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To analyze, revise and supplement important professional qualities of a future doctor in the context of digitalization.Material and methods. The study involved 74 1st year students of General Medicine faculty of Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. A doctor’s self­assessment form was used, which includes a list of important professional qualities (IPQs) of a doctor in three blocks. The ranking method was used to measure the significance of doctor’s IPQs, taking into account the preferences of students. An assessment of the IPQs of future specialists was carried out using a heuristic evaluation method based on self­-assessments, classmates’ and expert assessments. Mathematical data processing was carried out using Excell.Results. The analysis showed that 82,14% of future specialists identified the first rank of IPQ block as contributing to development of professional culture of doctors. The second rank was assigned by 67,86% to IPQ block related to social responsiveness of doctors, while 75% of students assigned the third rank to IPQ block related to information competence. According to the average value of heuristic self­-assessments, the IPQs of social responsiveness of a doctor are optimally formed (5,72), while the IPQs of working with information (4,27) and doctor professional culture (3,50) are underdeveloped.Conclusion. Despite the digitalization of medicine, the social role of a doctor remains the same. The conducted research has revealed the following tendencies. Future specialists understand the demand for IPQs that contribute to the social responsiveness of doctors. Students recognize that they have the IPQs necessary to interact with patients at an optimal level. Underdeveloped IPQs were those related to working with data, digital etiquette, and practical experience of working in the digital space. In addition, it was revealed that the IPQs related to the development of doctor professional culture are insufficiently formed. The list of the doctor’s IPQs was revised and supplemented with new competencies related to digital interaction.
Personalized pedagogical learning of highly qualified residents and postgraduate students
Authors: Artyukhina A. I. , Chizhova V. M. , Chumakov V. I. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of experience of developing and testing the system of highly qualified personnel training with pedagogical skills in residency and postgraduate education based on personalized learning. The aim was to summarize the educational experience of teachers of the Public Health Institute (Volgograd State Medical University) in personalized learning of highly qualified personnel in residency and postgraduate education.Material and methods. The use of methods of system analysis and data assessment of information obtained during theoretical analysis, comparison, grouping of data, generalization made it possible to identify a complex of pedagogical areas, structured into a system of personalized learning of medical postgraduate students and residents. The study involved 106 residents and 166 full­time and part-time postgraduate students.Results. The presented system of training of highly qualified residents and postgraduate students is based on psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of students, ensures the continuity of professional and pedagogical development, integrates the following characteristics inherent in personalized learning: motivation, joint creation, self­knowledge and social construction. Expert assessment, self­assessment of pedagogical experience results, and data interpretation indicate that the developed system has been successfully tested.Conclusion. A personalized learning system of pedagogical skills in residency and postgraduate education has been developed, where the individual trajectory of mastering professional and pedagogical competencies is determined by primary diagnostics, a set of tasks, the organization of educational process. This can be considered as the basis for improving the training of highly qualified personnel in a medical university.