bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of tranexemic acid compared to kligman formula in the management of melasma
Authors: Susmitha M , Divya K.S , Ramachandra B.V , Subbarao D 
Published: June 2022

Facial melanoses (FM) are a common presentation in Indian patients, causing cosmetic disfigurement with considerable psychological impact. Melasma is an acquired non-inflammatory hypermelanosis of multifactorial etiology with significant cosmetic deformity. Different treatment modalities have been utilized in different studies with varying outcomes. Recent clinical trials with Tranexamic acid are promising.: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of Tranexamic acid (TXA) in 2 different modalities with Modified Kligman formula in the management of melasma.: This is a prospective, randomised, open‑label study with a sample size of 45 patients of melasma fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups, 15 in each group. Group A: At home, daily applicatioin of modified kligman formula at night for 3 months. Group B: 12 sittings of microneedling followed by Tranexamic acid application was done weekly. Group C: 12 sittings of intralesional tranexamic acid (4mg/ml) was done weekly. Clinical images and dermoscopic images were taken at each visit including modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scoring, patient global assessment and physician global assessment to assess the clinical response.: Modified kligman formula group showed 42% improvement in MASI score by the end of 12 weeks, where as intralesional Tranexamic acid group showed 36% improvement followed by 30% improvement in microneedling with Tranexamic acid group. When statistically compared with Analysis of variance (ANNOVA) test, there was no significant difference (p=0.62) between three groups. But in individual groups there was significant difference (p&#60;0.05) in MASI at 0 weeks and 12 weeks. Dermoscopic images showed perilesional hypopigmentation and telangiectasias with modified kligman formula, which was not seen with Tranexamic acid. Patient assessment score revelaed satisfaction with modified kligman formula in view of home application and pain during microneedling and microinjections which was not there in this group.: Modified kligman formula is found to be superior in the treatment of melasma, because of the synergistic activity of its components. But it has its own demerits of long term usage. Hence, Tranexamic acid which showed comparable results with kligman formula can be used either as a primary modality or as an adjuvant supportive therapy for maintanence.
Correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration
Authors: Ganekal Sunil , Ganekal Varun 
Published: June 2022

: To study the correlation between choroidal vascularity index, flow pattern and neovascular activity in treatment naive eyes of age related macular degeneration.: Cross-sectional analysis of 46 treatment naive eyes diagnosed with exudative age related macular degeneration. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and OCTA. The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) and OCTA vascular features at initial and last visit were analyzed after anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. These changes were correlated with the disease activity on SD-OCT and OCTA.: Mean age was 66.34 ± 7.2 years. Mean sub foveal choroidal thickness was 215.39±102.378 µm at baseline and 198.42±101.049 µm at 3 months (p=0.07). The mean CVI was 63.73±5.28% at baseline & 64.59±4.87% at 3 months (p=0.754). Pattern of network on OCTA was sea-fan in 20(43.5%), medusa head in 8(17.4%), indistinct in 18(39.1%) at baseline and sea-fan in 6(13%), medusa head in 6(13%), indistinct in 28(60.9%) and mixed in 6(13%) at 3 months. The signs of activity on OCT changes after 3 months (p =0.001).On OCTA 36 eyes had active network at baseline & 34 eyes had inactive network at the last follow up (p=0.001).: Choroidal vascularity Index showed no correlation with various patterns of CNV and showed no significant change with anti VEGF treatment. Post treatment network patterns showed no significant correlation with the OCT activity even though the OCTA showed an active network.
Correlation of serum D-dimer levels with stages of diabetic retinopathy and gycosylated hemoglobin levels
Authors: Lakshmi K  , Shetty Kiran , Lobo Sarita , Vivekanad U  
Published: June 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is a disorder where the perfusion of the retina may be affected owing to the microvascular changes taking place in the retinal blood vessels due to hypergycemia. D-dimer level has been used as a biomarker of hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic activity since it is a product of fibrin degradation. D-dimer level (as a marker of coagulation cascade/fibrinolysis activation) assessment in type 1 and type 2 diabetics and its correlation with diabetic retinopathy stages have shown positive correlation. The findings in present study endorse the view that Elevated D dimer levels in severe forms of diabetic retinopathy. 26.9% patients with D dimer values more than 1000 have had severe NPDR to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, while 80% patients with normal values have shown to have no diabetic changes in fundus. Poor glycemic control (&#62;6.5%) becomes a strong predictor for occurrence of severe form of diabetic retinopathy. 92.3% patients have shown the same. Hence, this study showed a positive correlation between increased blood sugar levels, elevated glyco Hb levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Hence, prompt understanding and treatment of hyperglycemia may prevent complications of diabetic retinopathy. The levels of Plasma D dimer is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with microangiopathy. D-dimer is an important marker for thrombus formation hence may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Prophlylactic anticoagulant therapy and strict diabetic control can help in halting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Preschool eye screening: A study in South India
Authors: Tumbadi Kavitha L 
Published: June 2022

To assess the prevalence of ocular disorders and visual disability in preschool children in Southern India and to know if preschool eye screening by ophthalmologist or ophthalmic officer is essential to be made mandatary program. This is apreschool based prospective cross sectional study which was adopted in 47 Anganwadi (preschool), which came under one Taluk in Karnataka Total of 1283 children were screened and examined by ophthalmologist and ophthalmic officer at general hospital, over a period of 2 months. All the children were divided into 2 groups, 0-3yrs and 3-6 years, who underwent a detailed eye examination. Children aged 3-6 yrs were also examined for refractive disorders. The pattern of refractive errors and ocular disorders etc. were studied by cross-sectional descriptive analysis of data and statistical analysis for age and gender. Among 1283 children examined, 757 were 0-3 yrs and 526 were 3-6 yrs, out of which 66 (5.2%) children with ocular disorders were detected. The commonest eye disorder in children of 3-6 yrs group was refractive error 24 (4.6%) commonest being myopia 11(2%). No statistically significant differences in the distribution of ocular disorders by age or gender were detected. Screening of preschool children by an Ophthalmologist or an Ophthalmic officer detects ocular disorders and makes timely intervention possible and also prevents the development of permanent visual disability and thus prevents socioeconomic urden. A large-scale community-based preschool eye screening program in India identifies morbid eye conditions early, that are amenable to cure and prompt rehabilitation.
Study of different feeding patterns among children of Maharashtra region
Authors: Shah Nilesh T. , Varshney Shivendra , Patel Umang P. 
Published: June 2022

Proper feeding practices during first two years of life are essential for the growth and development of young children to prevent malnutrition associated morbidity and mortality. The children aged between 6 months to 18 months were selected for study. The detailed history was obtained from their mother. The different feeding patterns prelacteal feeding, time of inception of first feeding, causes of stoppage of breast feeding studied and classified with percentage.In the study of inception of first feeding 35(46.6%) were &#60; 6hrs, 21 (28%) were 7-12hrs, 10 (13.3%) were 12 to 24hrs, 7(9.33%) were between 25 -48hrs, 2(2.66%) were between 49 – 72 hours. In the study of pre lacteal feeding 16(21.3%) were given honey, 36(48%) sugar solution (water added sugar), 15(20%) plain water, 8(10.6%) milk. The reason for stoppage of breast feeding, 22(29.3%) due to insufficient breast milk, 16(21.3%) maternal sickness, 15(20%) infant sickness, 14(18.6%) maternal employment, 8(10.6%) subsequent pregnancy.: The present study will be helpful to paediatrician to evaluate the feeding pattern to prevent malnutrition, morbidity and mortality in children.
Smoking among professional college students: Consumption and risk factors
Authors: Bhateja Sumit , Soni Tamanna , Arora Geetika , Bhagat Ankur 
Published: June 2022

People from age groups 16–22 years old show the highest inclination towards smoking which places colleges and universities in the unique position to employ restrictive methods to create a smoke-free campusand also impart youth towards tobacco free lifestyle.The present study was conducted through a survey-based questionnaire to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, behavior and interpersonal factors related to the use of tobacco among university students.
Local Authorities and Traditional Rulers in the Reserves of South West Africa in Middle 20th Century
Authors: Balezin Alexander 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the participation of the traditional authorities of South-West Africa (Namibia) in the system of local self-government in the middle twentieth century. It is based on materials taken by the author from the Namibian archives and not widely introduced into scientific circulation before. As a result of legislative acts of the Government of South Africa from 1919, 1920 and 1923, new reserves were added to the 6 reserves previously created by the German authorities in South Africa, and as a result, by 1962 there were 24 of them and they made up more than 25 % of its territory. By the 1950s, a system of “native councils” was created in the reserves of the South West Africa. At the head of such councils were white officials. The white official appointed &quot;chiefs&quot; or “elders” who were members of the council. In addition, the council consisted of “no more than six” elected members. In the activities of such councils, an important role was played by persons who had the traditional status of power. In 1962—1963, it was proposed to combine all reserves into 10 homelands by analogy with the bantustans of South Africa. It was also proposed to incorporate representatives of the traditional elite into the administration of homelands when creating Legislative Councils there.
Apofatyzm filozoficzny a Michała Hellera idea matematyczności przyrody
Authors: Grygiel Wojciech P. 
Published: June 2022

Wychodząc od usystematyzowania hellerowskiej tezy o matematyczności przyrody, niniejsze studium poświęcone głównie będzie pokazaniu i krytycznej ocenie racji, wedle których Heller desygnuje teorię kategorii jako matematyczne środowisko szczególnie predestynowane dla wyartykułowania tej tezy. Kluczowe w tym kontekście będzie wskazanie, co uprawnia go do wprowadzenia mającej istotne ontologiczne znaczenie koncepcji pola kategorii i utożsamienia go z polem racjonalności. Ostatecznie stanie się możliwe lepsze zrozumienie, w jakim sensie w kontekście sformalizowanych teorii fizycznych Heller operuje pojęciem apofatyzmu filozoficznego, który wydaje się trafnie ujmować specyfikę jego poglądów na ontologiczne zobowiązania tych teorii i gdzie być może zbliża się on do niebezpiecznych myślowych pułapek. W swojej apofatycznej postawie Heller pozostaje blisko pierwszoplanowych postaci współczesnej fizyki i noblistów, Alberta Einsteina czy Rogera Penrose’a: fizyka nie mówi o tym, jaka rzeczywistość jest, ale pozwala stanąć na drodze do rzeczywistości.
Traktat Antonia Degli Agli O nieśmiertelności duszy
Authors: Papiernik Joanna 
Published: June 2022

Artykuł zawiera tłumaczenie traktatu Antonia degli Agli O nieśmiertelności duszy. Jest ono poprzedzone jest wstępem, w którym autorka wyjaśnia popularność zagadnienia nieśmiertelności w XV wieku, przedstawia postać Antonia degli Agli oraz krótko analizuje treść jego krótkiego dziełka.
Agli był duchownym Kościoła katolickiego i humanistą związanym ze środowiskiem florenckich intelektualistów skupionych wokół filozofa Marsilia Ficina. Był płodnym autorem dzieł filozoficznych, teologicznych, literackich i historycznych, choć tylko kilka jego tekstów przetrwało do naszych czasów. Wśród nich jest stosunkowo krótki traktat O nieśmiertelności duszy, w którym, odwołując się do pewnych fragmentów biblijnych i określonych filozoficznych koncepcji, dowodził, że dusza ludzka z konieczności jest wieczna. Zastosowane w tekście argumenty dotyczą metafizyki światła i relacji ludzkiego umysłu do jego najdoskonalszych przedmiotów poznania. Analiza treści pozwala stwierdzić, że argumenty użyte w traktacie w dużej mierze pokrywają się z tymi zawartymi w opuscula theologica i Teologii Platońskiej Ficina.
Nauczyciele wczesnej edukacji w świetle międzynarodowych badań porównawczych
Authors: Cudowska Agata 
Published: June 2022

W artykule opisano podstawowe kwestie związane z funkcjonowaniem wczesnej edukacji i opieki w Europie na podstawie analizy porównawczej trzydziestu ośmiu systemów edukacyjnych. Podkreślono szczególną rolę nauczycieli w rozwoju dzieci, osiąganiu wysokich wyników w nauce i odnoszeniu sukcesu edukacyjnego. Przedstawiono reformy strukturalne dotyczące kwalifikacji pracowników wczesnej edukacji, których celem jest profesjonalizacja kadr pedagogicznych. Porównano minimalny poziom kwalifikacji wymaganych od nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego w zinstytucjonalizowanych placówkach wczesnej edukacji i opieki w krajach europejskich. Takie same analizy zaprezentowano w odniesieniu do asystentów zatrudnianych w tym sektorze oświaty. Scharakteryzowano także status doskonalenia zawodowego nauczycieli i asystentów zatrudnionych w placówkach wczesnej edukacji w Europie.
İsbât-ı Vâcibe Giden Yolda Delillerin Telfîki Devvânî ve Ahmed Nûri Örnekleri
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Hülya 
Published: June 2022

İslâm inanç sisteminin en temel konusu ve gayesi şüphesiz marifetullah (Allah’ın bilinmesi) mevzuudur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar literatürde daha çok isbât-ı vâcib olarak isimlendirilmekte, kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf ekollerinin her biri için en kıymetli mesai olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kelâm ekolleri daha çok İbn Sînâ’nın (ö. 428/1037) etkisiyle Fahreddin Râzî (ö. 606/1210) sonrası yoğun olarak bu kavramsallaştırmayı kullanmaya başlamıştır. Sûfiyye ise daha çok vahdet-i vücûd nazariyesi temelinde bu çalışmalara katılmıştır. Kelâm ilminde bütün inanç esasları en nihayetinde Allah’a imanı açıklamak ve güçlendirmek için temellendirilir. Bu sebeple Allah’a iman aslü’l-usûl (bütün ilkelerin aslı) olarak anılır.
Tarihî konjonktürde Kelâm ilmi içerde Müslümanların inanç meselelerini tartışırken dışarda da genişleyen İslâm coğrafyasının ortaya çıkardığı inanç meselelerine isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarıyla cevap vermeye gayret etmiştir. Bu çerçevede nübüvvet ve âhiret konuları kelâma dahil edilmiştir. Kelâm tarihi başlangıcı itibariyle özellikle materyalist çevrelere karşı Allah’ın varlığını savunurken büyük ölçüde atomculuk nazariyesini kullanmıştır. Zaman içinde İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun sistemleşmesiyle beraber kelâmın hudûs delili, felsefenin imkân delili ve sûfiyyenin keşf ve ilham delili üç ayrı koldan bu mesaiyi güçlendirirken hem bu ekollerin kendi içindeki etkileşimi, hem de isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının muhataplarının çeşitlenmesi kullanılan delilleri birbirine yaklaştırmıştır. Özellikle Şehristânî (öl. 548/1153) ve Fahreddin Râzî (öl. 606/1210) sonrası terminoloji, konu ve metodoloji anlamında gerçekleşen yakınlaşma felsefî kelâm geleneğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu süreçte ontolojik, kozmolojik ve teleolojik delillerin kullanımında kelâmcılar hudûs ve imkân kavramlarını birlikte kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlının son dönemlerine kadar takip edilmesi mümkün olan bu çalışmaların önemli temsilcilerinden Celâleddin ed-Devvânî’nin (öl. 908/1502) çalışmamıza konu olmasının sebebi de isbât-ı vâcib delillerini birlikte kullanmadaki mahareti ve kendisinden sonraki süreci etkileme gücü olarak özetlenebilir. Onun bu toparlayıcı özelliği kendisinden önceki isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının eksik taraflarını ikmal edip kendi eserlerinde meseleleri birleştirmesinde görülmektedir. Bu sebeple yazdığı risâlelere uzun yıllar şerh ve hâşiyeler yapılmış ve bu süreç XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir.
Özellikle bu yüz yılda materyalizmin yeniden Batıda güçlenmeye başlaması ve Osmanlıda bir kesim ilim ve fikir adamını etkilemesi benzer bir tarihî tecrübe anlamına gelmektedir. Bu sebeple Allah’ın varlık delillerinin yine birbirini destekleyerek kullanılmasının lüzumu hâsıl olmuştur. Çalışmamızda bu münasebetle sürecin geldiği noktayı görmek bakımından İslâm düşüncesinin üç temel ekolü olan kelâm, İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun isbât-ı vâcib konusunda ürettikleri ortak argümanları vukûfiyetle ele alan son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden Ahmed Nûri’nin (19. yüzyıl) görüşlerini de ele aldık.
Transportation problem with restriction on arcs and their Solution by mathematical modeling
Authors: Prajapati Raju , Pal Jayantika , Dubey Om Prakash 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of the study: Transportation problem plays an important role in logistics. The present paper introduces the transportation problem along with some of its variants and their mathematical modeling.
Methodology: The mathematical modeling is done for restricted path transportation problem. We have dealt with the transportation problems with specified number of blocked arcs or arcs with limited allowance through them. We have applied the same on some test problems chosen arbitrarily. The application is also extended on the transportation problems with some additional source-destination related restrictions.
Main Findings: The optimal cost of constrained transportation problems under the study is obtained.
Applications of this study: The process could be integrated on a larger scale in logistics.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is done for special types of transportation problems having specific number of blocked arcs or arcs with limited allowance through them. Some more source-destination related constrained are also dealt in this paper.
Refugee agency through bare life? New forms of voice and strategies of imperceptibility at the European borders
Authors: Ullrich Maria 
Published: June 2022

In the course of the comparatively high numbers of refugees arriving in Europe in 2015 and 2016, several practices of the European border regime became more restrictive. This development accounts for the precarious situation in refugee camps at the external borders of Southeast Europe and the refusal of Mediterranean countries to accept more asylum seekers –against the backdrop of a lacking European solidarity system. Literature suggests that refugees in these contexts find themselves more often in (what Agamben understands as) a bare life situation, which challenges the possibilities for refugee agency at the European borders. This paper reflects on two concrete cases interpreted as bare life situations based on field research in Greece and Italy. It explores conceptualizations considering an assumed change of refugee agency. The first case refers to the situation in former camp “Moria” and the second to practices of irregularization in Southern Italy. The article aims to specify the limitations of refugees’ agency by building on an understanding of agency as relational to the border regime. The findings suggest that the bare life refugees have been reduced to explains the development of new forms of voice in refugee camps and strategies of imperceptibility in irregularity. Thereby refugee acts expose the adversity of border practices, while appropriating and redefining the bare life conditions.
Received: 14 February 2022Accepted: 06 May 2022
The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients
Authors: KUZEYTEMİZ Mustafa , BİÇER KANAT Bilgen 
Published: June 2022

Aim: Hypertension (HT) is a very important risk factor for cerebrovascular, renal and various vascular diseases, especially
cardiovascular diseases. It is seen in almost 1/3 of the adult world population and its incidence is gradually increasing.
95% of HT is essential and various reasons are emphasized in the etiology. Conditions that cause psychological stress,
especially depression; Although the relationship between them is not clear, it was seen as a risk factor for HT. Because
they will live with HT for a long time, early diagnosis and treatment is important, especially in young patients. Predisposing
factors should also be taken into account in treatment. Anxiety and depression, which are called increased sympathetic
activity in young people, can be a trigger for HT. In this study, we wanted to investigate the susceptibility to depressionanxiety in newly diagnosed young hypertensive patients. According to the result, we thought that we could make new
recommendations in the treatment of HT.
Materials and Methods: 175 patients under the age of 45 with newly diagnosed HT and 125 individuals under 45 without
any health problems were included in the study. Those diagnosed with HT with secondary reasons and those with chronic
diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure (CRF), congestive heart failure
(CHF) were excluded from the study. Testing was performed with the Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale (HDAS). In this test
for both anxiety and depression; 0-7 points were considered normal, 8-10 points were considered borderline, and over 11
points were considered abnormal.
Results: When the results were evaluated, there was no difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, and
routine biochemical tests. Both depression and anxiety scales were found to be significantly higher in the HT group. In
young hypertensive patients, we have seen that HT and depression-anxiety frequently coexist.
Conclusion: In this case, we should definitely examine the psychological stress states of young patients we diagnosed with
HT. It would be appropriate to refer patients who we think may have depression and anxiety for psychological support and
treatment. When psychological problems are treated, HT may improve without the need for antihypertensive treatment.
Thus, we can develop new approaches in HT treatment.