bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified OXIS classification for primary canines
Authors: Aarthi J , Muthu MS , Kirthiga M , Kailasam Vignesh 
Published: April 2022

Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
Fabrication of an all-silica microsphere-lens on optical fiber for free-space light coupling and sensing in extreme environments
Authors: Li Jiashun , Jia Pinggang , Qian Jiang , Wang Jun , An Guowen , Xiong Jijun 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an all-silica microsphere-lens was designed and fabricated on the fiber end face, which can effectively improve the coupling efficiency of free-space light. In the production process, a coreless silica fiber with specific length was spliced on the end face of the fiber and melted by a

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laser fusion splicer. Due to the effect of surface tension, the coreless silica fiber would form a microsphere-lens on the fiber end face and the diameter of the microsphere-lens could be adjusted by controlling the light-passing time of the

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laser fusion splicer. Through experiments, it can be found that the 3 dB bandwidth optical coupling distance of the microsphere-lens with a diameter of 270 µm is about 200 µm, and the focus depth is about 450 µm. In order to verify the feasibility of using the microsphere-lens in the fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors, a Fabry–Perot interferometer was constructed by using the microsphere-lens and the single-mode fiber end face. The experimental results showed that the interference spectrum of the Fabry–Perot interferometer has a good contrast ratio. Integrating the advantages of all-silica structure, simple manufacturing process, low cost, small size, and sturdy construction, the proposed microsphere-lens is expected to be a potential candidate for free-space light coupling and fiber-optic sensors in extreme environments.
Is a single dose of commonly used antibiotics effective in preventing maternal infection after cesarean section? A network meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Ye , Yin Xinbo , Wang Xiaokai , Zhou Fangyi , Cao Xiaoxia , Han Yeqiong , Sun Shichang 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of different antibiotic classes and dosages in preventing maternal infection after cesarean delivery.MethodsDatabases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1980 and January 2021 on antibiotic use for the prevention of maternal infection after cesarean delivery. The outcomes were endometritis, febrile morbidity, and wound infection, reported as odds ratios (OR) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis scores.ResultsA total of 31 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. In the network meta-analysis (NMA) for endometritis, pooled network OR values indicated that the following interventions were superior to placebo: cephalosporins (OR: 0.18, 95% credibility interval [CrI]: 0.07–0.45), penicillins (OR: 0.19, 95% CrI: 0.07–0.50), penicillins (multiple doses) (OR: 0.20, 95% CrI: 0.05–0.65), combination therapies (OR: 0.22, 95% CrI: 0.09–0.54), and cephalosporins (multiple doses) (OR: 0.25, 95% CrI: 0.08–0.74). In the NMA for febrile morbidity, placebo was more effective than the other interventions. In the NMA for wound infection, pooled network OR values indicated that the following interventions were superior to placebo: penicillin (OR: 0.14, 95% CrI: 0.05–0.37), cephalosporins (OR: 0.19, 95% CrI: 0.08–0.41), cephalosporins (multiple doses) (OR: 0.20, 95% CrI: 0.06–0.58), combination therapies (OR: 0.29, 95% CrI: 0.13–0.57), macrolides (OR: 0.33, 95% CrI: 0.15–0.74), and penicillins (multiple doses) (OR: 0.40, 95% CrI: 0.17–0.91).ConclusionsCompared with placebo, a single dose of commonly used antibiotics may prevent maternal infection after cesarean delivery. However, the incidence of febrile morbidity was not reduced.
Comparison between intrathecal morphine and intravenous patient control analgesia for pain control after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Vijitpavan Amorn , Kittikunakorn Nussara , Komonhirun Rojnarin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundVideo-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure, but patients may still experience intense pain, especially during the early postoperative period. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is an effective pain control method that involves a simple maneuver and has a low risk of complications. This study aimed to study the effectiveness of ITM for pain control in patients who undergo VATS.Materials and methodsA randomized controlled study was conducted who were in ASA classes 1–3, aged over 18 years, and scheduled for elective VATS. Patients were randomized into two groups: the ITM group (n = 19) received a single shot of 0.2 mg ITM before general anesthesia; and the control group (n = 19) received general anesthesia only. For 48 hours after surgery, other than intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) morphine, patients received no sedatives or opioid medications except for 500 mg acetaminophen four times daily orally. Postoperative pain scores and IVPCA morphine used, side effects, sedation at specific time-points, i.e., 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48-hours and overall treatment satisfaction scores were assessed.ResultsPostoperative pain scores (median [IQR]) in ITM group were significantly lower than control group (repeated-measure ANOVA,p= 0.006) and differed at the first (7 [2, 7] vs 8 [6, 9],p= 0.007) and sixth hours (3 [2, 5] vs 5 [5, 7],p= 0.002). The cumulative dose of post-operative morphine (median [IQR]) in ITM group was also lower (6 [3, 20] vs 19 [14, 28],p= 0.006). The incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in ITM group (68.42% vs. 26.32%,p= 0.009). No significant differences in nausea and vomiting, sedation scores, and satisfaction scores were observed between the two groups.ConclusionITM could reduce pain scores and opioid consumption after VATS compared to IVPCA-opioids. However, pain scores and opioid consumption still remained high. No difference in patient satisfaction was detected.
Incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tiruneh Bewket , Fooladi Ensieh , McLelland Gayle , Plummer Virginia 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundOf the 1010 reported maternal deaths in 2018, just over 65% occurred in hospitals in Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of standardised data about the contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort design was used; an audit of 1060 maternity care logbooks of adult women post-partum at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The data were abstracted between December 2018 and May 2019 using a systematic random sampling technique. We used the Facility Based Maternal Death Abstraction Form containing sociodemographic characteristics, women’s medical history, and partographs. Primary postpartum haemorrhage was defined as the estimated blood loss recorded by the staff greater or equal to 500 ml for vaginal births and 1000 ml for caesarean section births, or the medical doctor diagnosis and recording of the woman as having primary postpartum haemorrhage. The data analysis was undertaken using Stata version 15. Variables with P ≤ 0.10 for significance were selected to run multivariable logistic analyses. Variables that had associations with primary postpartum haemorrhage were identified based on the odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage in the hospitals was 8.8% (95% CI: 7.2, 10.6). Of these, there were 7.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 13.3) maternal deaths. Eight predictor variables were found to be independently associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage, including age ≥35 years (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.46; P = 0.03), longer than 24 hours duration of labour (AOR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.73, 18.90; P = 0.01), vaginal or cervical lacerations (AOR: 4.95; 95% CI: 2.49, 9.86; P = 0.01), instrumental (forceps or vacuum)-assisted birth (AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.25, 6.81; P = 0.01), retained placenta (AOR: 21.83; 95% CI: 6.33, 75.20; P = 0.01), antepartum haemorrhage in recent pregnancy (AOR: 6.90; 95% CI: 3.43, 13. 84; p = 0.01), women in labour referred from primary health centres (AOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.39, 4.42; P = 0.02), and births managed by medical interns (AOR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.55, 5.37; P = 0.01).ConclusionWe found that while the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage appeared to be lower than in other studies in Africa the associated maternal mortality was higher. Although most factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage were consistent with those identified in the literature, two additional specific factors, were found to be prevalent among women in Ethiopia; the factors were referred women in labour from primary health facilities and births managed by medical interns. Maternal healthcare providers in these hospitals require training on the management of a birthing emergency.
BibToGo – Der Digitale Bibliotheksausweis des Goethe-Instituts
Authors: Sandfuchs Nico 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Warum eigentlich nicht auch die Bibliotheksmitgliedschaft digitalisieren? Der digitale Bibliotheksausweis des Goethe-Instituts macht Plastikkarten überflüssig und bündelt gleichzeitig das digitale Gesamtangebot der Bibliotheken in einer einzigen Anwendung. Konzipiert als mobile Applikation für Android und iOS, ist der digitale Bibliotheksausweis schon an mehr als 50 Bibliotheken des weltweiten Netzwerkes des Goethe-Instituts im Einsatz.
Improvisationstheater Auskunft
Authors: Becker Tom 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Kund:inneninteraktion in Bibliotheken wird im Folgenden ‚auf die Bretter, die die Welt bedeuten‘ übertragen: Im ‚Improvisationstheater Auskunft‘ wird nicht (nur) klassisch gespielt – es geht darum, flexibel auf Erwartungen der Besucher:innen zu reagieren, hilfreiche individuelle Eigenschaften in den Vordergrund zu stellen und Fallbearbeitungsstile passend einzusetzen. Kommunikationen wohnen immer auch Missverständnisse inne. Hier können Grundlagen des Improvisationstheaters ebenso nützlich sein wie ein souveräner Umgang mit dem eigenen Inneren Team. Let‘s party, let‘s act!
Potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy in type 1 diabetic animal model
Authors: Al Nohair Sultan Fahad , Ahmed Syed Suhail , Ismail Mohamed Saleh , El Maadawy Ahdab Abdo , Albatanony Manal A. , Rasheed Zafar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHoney has been used as a traditional remedy for various health benefits. This study investigated the potential of honey against the onset of autoimmune diabetes and its associated secondary complications in type 1 diabetic (T1D) experimental animals. Autoimmune diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats, and at the same time, the rats were treated with honey or metformin. Sandwich ELISAs were used to estimate blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Histopathological examinations determined the T1D-induced lesions on kidneys, pancreas, cornea, and retina. Treatment of rats with honey during the course of T1D induction showed a significant reduction in fasting-blood-glucose and HbA1c (p< 0.01), and total lipid profile was also improved (p< 0.05). Not only these, but honey also reduced the T1D-induced lesions in the kidney, pancreas, and cornea/retina (p< 0.05). Metformin showed similar effects and was used as a positive control. In conclusion, honey showed therapeutic potential against the onset of autoimmune diabetes, as it reduces blood glucose/HbA1c and improves the lipid profile by reducing the plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides. Moreover, it also showed protective potential against the development of diabetic nephropathy, pancreatitis, and retinopathy.
Prevalence of CYP2C19*2 carriers in Saudi ischemic stroke patients and the suitability of using genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy in a university hospital setup
Authors: Al-Rubaish Abdullah M. , Al-Muhanna Fahad A. , Alshehri Abdullah M. , Alsulaiman Abdulla A. , Alabdulali Majed M. , Alkhamis Fahad , Alamri Abdulallh S. , Alali Rudaynah A. , Akhtar Mohammed S. , Cyrus Cyril , Claassens Daniel M.F. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Al-Ali Amein K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To mitigate the incidence of recurrent stroke in patients, dual antiplatelet therapy comprising aspirin and clopidogrel is usually administered. Clopidogrel is a prodrug and its bioactivation is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19. The main objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of CYP2C19*2 carriers in Saudi ischemic stroke patients and assess the suitability of using genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy in a university hospital setup.

Methods
This prospective (2018–2019) study was conducted on 256 patients (age 61 ± 12.5) clinically diagnosed with ischemic stroke who were genotyped using Spartan RX CYP2C19 assay.

Results
From the total patient group (256), upon admission, 210 patients were prescribed either aspirin, clopidogrel or dual antiplatelet therapy. Of the 27 patients with the CYP2C19*2 allele who were prescribed clopidogrel (18) or dual antiplatelet therapy (9), only 21 patients could be followed up for a period of six months post stroke event, in addition to 21 age- and sex-matched patients with the normal allele. The CYP2C19*2 allele carriers had a statistically significant increased risk of recurrent stroke compared to patients carrying the normal allele.

Conclusions
This study shows the suitability of using genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy in ischemic stroke patients in a clinical setting.
Hyperthyroidism treatment by alternative therapies based on cupping and dietary-herbal supplementation: a case report
Authors: Alhilo Iman , Alhilo Samir , Alkhatib Buthaina , Al-Shorman Alaa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increasing production of thyroid hormone (TH) and decreasing of thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) secretion. The treatment of hyperthyroidism includes such as anti-thyroid drugs, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy have many side effects without complete curing results. We described a successful treatment of hyperthyroidism patient with dietary-herbal supplementation with wet cupping without any medicine.

Case presentation
A 29-years female, blood analysis showed that she had low TSH (0.012 mlU/mL), and normal levels of T3 and T4. After completing 16 weeks on Carbimazole, TSH value still low (0.024 mlU/mL) and urticaria was appeared. She decided to stop Carbimazole and try alternative therapy choices. She received wet cupping and dietary-herbal supplementations (including royal jelly, green barley grass and Taraxaf®) for two months. Notably, TSH values was increased during-after intervention and urticaria was disappeared.

Conclusions
Alternative therapy could be a beneficial choice for hyperthyroidism treatment without any side effects or complications under physician supervision.
„Nulla dies sine linea“
Authors: Grage Joachim 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
The article explores the question to what extent Søren Kierkegaard’s journals, unpublished during his lifetime, manifest a Protestant work ethic in the sense of Max Weber. The journals bear witness to a daily writing process that provides information about Kierkegaard’s conception of his profession as a religious writer. They can be placed in the tradition of pietistic diaries and testify to the awareness of being called as an author. By focusing on the two terms produktivitet and virksomhed, which Kierkegaard uses to reflect on his own activity, numerous parallels can be drawn with Weber’s „concept of profession in ascetic Protestantism“. Accordingly, Kierkegaard speaks of an „intellectual capital“ that he has earned and that he leaves to a posterity without being able to dispose of the use of this inheritance.
The Population Size of Muḥammad’s Mecca and the Creation of the Quraysh
Authors: Robinson Majied 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper we will show how Qurashī patrilines and marriage records can be statistically analysed to generate an estimate of the tribe’s size at the time of Muḥammad. By extension this will also give us an estimate for the population size of Mecca. We will begin by using the marriage data preserved in a genealogical work to identify a cohort of adult Qurashī male contemporaries of Muḥammad. We will then divide this cohort into men who had brothers versus those who did not. It will be shown that this ratio is exactly what we would expect if we were modelling a complete population and therefore it cannot be a sample. With this in place we can extrapolate the number of women and dependants that would have been linked to each man, giving us an estimate of the tribe’s size in the period. Supplementing this with selected historiographical data will give us the population size of Mecca. The resulting findings raise a series of questions concerning Qurashī origins that will then be addressed by applying a similar methodology to the eras before Muḥammad’s. This will illuminate the manner and timing of the emergence of the Quraysh as a distinct entity.
Kant’s Political Justification of Social Welfare
Authors: Fang Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Whether the justification at stake is ethical or juridical, all attempts to argue for the welfare principle in Kant’s metaphysics of morals are unsuccessful. This principle cannot be justified a priori in Kant’s context. However, it is not only possible but also necessary to argue for a certain degree of social welfare in politics as the practice of right; otherwise, Kant’s project of political practice, with enlightenment as its core concept, will inevitably fail. Enlightenment requires that the state be committed to reducing the impact of an unequal social structure on individuals so as to preserve the possibility of their enlightenment. However, it also imposes limits on state-sponsored social welfare because excessive social welfare could lead to a general minority.
Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo medium-entropy alloy
Authors: Luo Fang , Jiang Xiaosong , Zhang Yali , Sun Hongliang , Shao Zhenyi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effects of different soaking times and cycles of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Co28.5Cr21.5Fe20Ni26Mo4 medium entropy alloys were studied. The results show that the maximum hardness and compress strength were 364 HV and 3153 MPa after cryogenic deep treatment for 8 h, which were increased by about 9.97% and 33.32%, respectively. The maximum hardness and compressive strength were 375 HV and 3039 MPa, which were increased by about 13.29% and 28.50%, respectively, after three deep cryogenic cyclic times. The reason is that μ phase is rich in Mo, and Mo element has high strength and hardness. After deep cryogenic treatment, the agglomeration of μ phase in the alloys was improved, the distribution of μ phase was more uniform, the content of μ phase was increased, and the content of Mo element in the μ phase was increased, so that the strengthening effect of μ phase was enhanced.
Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on mechanical and impact properties of an aramid/glass-reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Doğan Nurettin Furkan , Özbek Özkan , Erkliğ Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to characterize and evaluate the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) added to the epoxy matrix and the fiber stacking sequence on the mechanical and impact responses of carbon/aramid hybrid composites. For this purpose, Aramid/Glass/Aramid and Glass/Aramid/Glass stacking sequences as well as full Aramid and Glass fiber configurations were used in an epoxy matrix with various contents (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 wt%) of GnPs. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted per mechanical characterization and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests with 30 J impact energy were performed by a drop-weight impact test. According to results, aramid fiber location has a significant effect on the peak load values, absorbed energy, and displacement of the hybrid composites. In addition, the inclusion of 0.25 wt% GnPs into the epoxy matrix increased the LVI properties of pure glass and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. However, the incorporation of GnPs into the epoxy matrix caused a deterioration in the LVI properties of the aramid fiber-reinforced composite plates. Moreover, the best increase in the mechanical properties of pure and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites was obtained by adding 0.1 and 0.25% wt% GnPs into the epoxy matrix.
Effects of asymmetric tooth profile on single-tooth stiffness of polymer gears
Authors: Yuce Celalettin , Dogan Oguz , Karpat Fatih 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a result of polymer materials development and the use of additive manufacturing technologies, gear wheels made of polymer materials are becoming widespread in many areas of the industry. In recent years, determining the dynamic behavior of polymer gears has gained significant importance because it is desired to carry more loads and operate at higher speeds. Since it is one of the most critical factors affecting dynamic behavior, tooth stiffness should also be determined. In this study, the single-tooth stiffness (STS) of polymer gears with symmetrical and asymmetrical profile was measured experimentally with a unique test setup. Force was applied to three different points on the tooth, and the resulting deflection was measured with the help of linear variable differential transformer and a high-speed camera. Using the obtained deflection values, STS of the polymer tooth was calculated depending on the pressure angle. The experimental results are also compared with the finite element model created, and it is found that the results are matched well. As a result of the study, it is determined that the drive-side pressure angle of the polymer gear increased from 20° to 32°, and the tooth stiffness increased by approximately 10.8%.