bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone Pollution, Perceived Support at Home, and Asthma Symptom Severity in the Adolescent Sample of the California Health Interview Survey
Authors: Robles Theodore F. , Bai Sunhye , Meng Ying-Ying 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Outdoor air pollution, including ozone (O3) pollution, and childhood family environments may interact and impact asthma exacerbations in children. Previous epidemiology studies have primarily focused on stress in the home, rather than support, and whether psychosocial factors modify the association between pollution and health outcomes, rather than whether pollution exposure modifies associations between psychosocial factors and health outcomes.

Methods
Data from the cross-sectional 2003 representative, population-based California Health Interview Survey were linked with air quality monitoring data on O3 pollution from the California Air Resources Board. Adolescents (N = 209) ages 12–17 who reported an asthma diagnosis and lived within 5 mi of the nearest air monitoring station had linked O3 data for a 12-month period preceding the survey interview date. Adolescents reported perceived available support from an adult at home and frequency of asthma symptoms.

Results
In unadjusted models, for adolescents living in high O3 pollution regions, greater perceived support was related to lower asthma symptom frequency. Follow-up analyses suggested that the most plausible interpretation of the interaction was that O3 exposure modified the association between perceived support and symptom frequency. O3 × perceived support interactions were not statistically significant after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
These data provide preliminary evidence that the association between the lack of support in the home environment and worse asthma symptoms may be stronger in areas with higher O3 exposure. Future work may benefit from incorporating personal pollution exposure assessments, comprehensive family environment assessments, and longitudinal follow-up of asthma exacerbations over time.
The Corona mortis is similar in size to the regular obturator artery, but is highly variable at the level of origin: an anatomical study
Authors: Heichinger René , Pretterklieber Michael L. , Hammer Niels , Pretterklieber Bettina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn enlarged anastomosis connecting the vascular territory of the external iliac and the obturator artery may replace most or all of the latter. This relatively common vascular variation, known as Corona mortis, can lead to death in the worst-case scenario if injured. Despite being well-known, exact anthropometric data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine diameters of the regular obturator artery, the Corona mortis and the inferior epigastric artery. In addition, the level of origin of the Corona mortis was quantified. The obturator artery and its norm variants were dissected bilaterally in 75 specimens (37 females, 38 males) and measured using two different methods. The Corona mortis was present in 36 of the 150 hemipelves (24%), presenting in one third of all cases bilaterally. Its level of origin measured from the commencement of the inferior epigastric artery was subject to high variability (4.4–28.3 mm). The mean diameters of the Corona mortis (mean 2.5 and 2.1 mm, respectively) and the regular obturator artery (mean 2.4 and 2.0 mm, respectively) were similar for both methods. There were no significant sex nor side differences. The diameter of the inferior epigastric artery was significantly smaller distal to the origin of the Corona mortis. The high incidence, non-predictable level of origin of the Corona mortis and its size similar to the regular obturator artery support its clinical relevance even to date. Clinicians should always be aware of an additional arterial vessel close to the pelvic brim.
Attitudes, Knowledge, and Perceived Barriers Towards Cancer Pain Management Among Healthcare Professionals in Libya: a National Multicenter Survey
Authors: Makhlouf Salim M. , Ahmed Shenaz , Mulvey Matthew , Bennett Michael I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cancer pain presents in approximately 66% of patients in advanced stages. Although several guidelines and pharmacological options are available for cancer pain management (CPM), assessment and treatment of cancer pain remain inadequate globally, particularly in developing countries. Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards CPM among healthcare professionals (HCPs) are important barriers to CPM. This survey aimed to evaluate nurses’ and physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and potential barriers regarding CPM in Libya. This cross-sectional survey involved a convenience sample of 152 oncology nurses and physicians working in six oncology settings in Libya. The response rate was 76%. The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was used for data collection (higher scores signify greater attitudinal barriers and poorer knowledge). Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26 software. An independent t-test (unadjusted estimate) indicated that Libyan nurses showed higher mean barrier scores (mean = 3.8, SD = 0.7) to CPM than physicians (mean = 2.9, SD = 0.8), p < 0.001. The six most common differences in attitudinal barriers between nurses and physicians were “opioid side effects,” “poor tolerance,” “strong patient endures pain,” “distract the physician,” “drug addiction,” and “opioids impair immune function,” p < 0.001. Multiple regression results (adjusted estimate) indicated that nurses had more barrier scores to CPM than physicians (B =  − 0.530, p < 0.05), and participants with higher educational levels were associated with lower barrier scores to CPM (B =  − 0.641, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that Libyan oncology HCPs hold perceived barriers, lack of knowledge, and negative attitudes towards CPM. Professional education and training in CPM, addressing phobia and myths on opioid usage, and the benefits and complications of using opioids are likely to result in reduced barriers to CPM in Libya.
Towards Comprehensive European Agricultural Data Governance: Moving Beyond the “Data Ownership” Debate
Authors: Atik Can 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFarming has become more productive and less costly thanks to the effective usage of data-driven “digital agriculture” services. However, this new form of “smart farming” has also brought about data-related concerns connected with the ambiguity regarding who owns the data, who has what rights over it, and ultimately whether there is a need for regulation. The idea of providing a “data ownership” right to farmers is predominantly defended by the sectoral literature and has even been adopted already through the voluntary agricultural data codes of conduct developed by stakeholders both in Europe and the US. This paper approaches this debate from the perspective of the sectoral market failures including data lock-in, data fragmentation, data access problems, and a lack of trust on the part of farmers. It demonstrates that the way in which ownership is framed is not adequate to address these problems and has the potential to exacerbate them. An alternative legal design should be flexible enough to remove the reasons for these problems. Creating rules/rights might not be enough to remove all the issues though. A holistic approach including a legal design and infrastructural opportunities assumes great importance in this regard on the eve of the Common European Agricultural Data Space and possible sectoral regulatory intervention following the horizontal framework provided by the recent Data Act.
The correlation study on chest CT features and kidney injury in severe COVID-19 pneumonia from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Li Guan , Sun Zhiyuan , Luo Song , Qiu Lianli , Zhang Longjiang , Lu Guangming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Among confirmed severe COVID-19 patients, although the serum creatinine level is normal, they also have developed kidney injury. Early detection of kidney injury can guide doctors to choose drugs reasonably. Study found that COVID-19 have some special chest CT features. The study aimed to explore which chest CT features are more likely appear in severe COVID-19 and the relationship between related (special) chest CT features and kidney injury or clinical prognosis.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 162 patients of severe COVID-19 from 13 medical centers in China were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level: Group A (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), Group B (60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ≤ eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), and Group C (eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2). The demographics, clinical features, auxiliary examination, and clinical prognosis were collected and compared. The chest CT features and eGFR were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The influence of chest CT features on eGFR and clinical prognosis were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
Demographic and clinical features showed significant differences in age, hypertension, and fatigue among the Group A, Group B, and Group C (all P < 0.05). Auxiliary examination results revealed that leukocyte count, platelet count, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, respiratory rate ≥ 30 breaths/min, and CT images rapid progression (>50%) within 24–48 h among the three groups were significantly different (all P < 0.05). Compared to Group C (all P < 0.017), Groups A and B were more likely to show crazy-paving pattern. Logistic regression analysis indicated that eGFR was an independent risk factor of the appearance of crazy-paving pattern. The eGFR and crazy-paving pattern have a mutually reinforcing relationship, and eGFR (HR = 0.549, 95% CI = 0.331–0.909, P = 0.020) and crazy-paving pattern (HR = 2.996, 95% CI = 1.010–8.714, P = 0.048) were independent risk factors of mortality. The mortality of severe COVID-19 with the appearance of crazy-paving pattern on chest CT was significantly higher than that of the patients without its appearance (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The crazy-paving pattern is more likely to appear in the chest CT of patients with severe COVID-19. In severe COVID-19, the appearance of the crazy-paving pattern on chest CT indicates the occurrence of kidney injury and proneness to death. The crazy-paving pattern can be used by doctors as an early warning indicator and a guidance of reasonable drug selection.
Pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles: a review of surface chemistry, contaminant mobility, and future research avenues to fill the gaps
Authors: Swaren Logan , Safari Salman , Konhauser Kurt O. , Alessi Daniel S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanoparticles are abundant in the subsurface, soil, streams, and water bodies, and are often a critical control on elemental speciation, transport and cycling in the natural environment. This review provides an overview of pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles (PBNPs), their surface properties and reactivity towards aqueous species. We focus specifically on biochar-derived nanoparticles and activated carbon-derived nanoparticles which fall under our classification of PBNPs. Activated carbon-iron (nano)composites are included in some instances where there are significant gaps in literature because of their environmental relevance. Increased use of activated carbon, along with a resurgence in the manufacture and application of biochar for water treatment and soil amendment, has generated significant concerns about the mobility and toxicity of PBNPs derived from the bulk material in environmental applications. Recent examples are discussed to highlight current progress in understanding the influence of PBNPs on contaminant transport, followed by a critical discussion of gaps and future research directions.
Graphical Abstract
Increased carbapenemase testing following implementation of national
VA guidelines for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Suda Katie J. , Ramanathan Swetha , Wilson Geneva , Poggensee Linda , Evans Martin , Jones Makoto M. , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Klutts J. Stacey , Perencevich Eli , Rubin Michael , Evans Charlesnika T. ,   for the QUERI CARRIAGE Program
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To describe national trends in testing and detection of carbapenemases
produced by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and associate
testing with culture and facility characteristics.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Department of Veterans’ Affairs medical centers (VAMCs).

Participants:
Patients seen at VAMCs between 2013 and 2018 with cultures positive for CRE,
defined by national VA guidelines.

Interventions:
Microbiology and clinical data were extracted from national VA data sets.
Carbapenemase testing was summarized using descriptive statistics.
Characteristics associated with carbapenemase testing were assessed with
bivariate analyses.

Results:
Of 5,778 standard cultures that grew CRE, 1,905 (33.0%) had evidence of
molecular or phenotypic carbapenemase testing and 1,603 (84.1%) of these had
carbapenemases detected. Among these cultures confirmed as
carbapenemase-producing CRE, 1,053 (65.7%) had molecular testing for
≥1 gene. Almost all testing included KPC (n = 1,047, 99.4%), with KPC
detected in 914 of 1,047 (87.3%) cultures. Testing and detection of other
enzymes was less frequent. Carbapenemase testing increased over the study
period from 23.5% of CRE cultures in 2013 to 58.9% in 2018. The South US
Census region (38.6%) and the Northeast (37.2%) region had the highest
proportion of CRE cultures with carbapenemase testing. High complexity (vs
low) and urban (vs rural) facilities were significantly associated with
carbapenemase testing (P < .0001).

Conclusions:
Between 2013 and 2018, carbapenemase testing and detection increased in the
VA, largely reflecting increased testing and detection of KPC. Surveillance
of other carbapenemases is important due to global spread and increasing
antibiotic resistance. Efforts supporting the expansion of carbapenemase
testing to low-complexity, rural healthcare facilities and standardization
of reporting of carbapenemase testing are needed.
Infectious Disease Modeling: Recommendations for Public Health Decision-Makers
Authors: Olesen Scott W. , Trabert Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInfectious disease modeling plays an important role in the response to infectious disease outbreaks, perhaps most notably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In our experience working with state and local governments during COVID-19 and previous public health crises, we have observed that, while the scientific literature focuses on models’ accuracy and underlying assumptions, an important limitation on the effective application of modeling to public health decision-making is the ability of decision-makers and modelers to work together productively. We therefore propose a set of guiding principles, informed by our experience, for working relationships between decision-makers and modelers. We hypothesize that these guidelines will improve the utility of infectious disease modeling for public health decision-making, irrespective of the particular outbreak in question and of the precise modeling approaches being used.
Attention allocation to negatively-valenced stimuli in PTSD is associated with reward-related neural pathways
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Lazarov Amit , Zhu Xi , Pine Daniel S. , Bar-Haim Yair , Neria Yuval 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent eye-tracking study we found a differential dwell time pattern for negatively-valenced and neutral faces among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-exposed healthy control (TEHCs), and healthy control (HC) participants. Here, we explored whether these group differences relate to resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns of brain areas previously linked to both attention processes and PTSD. These encompass the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc).MethodsTen minutes magnetic resonance imaging rsFC scans were recorded in 17 PTSD patients, 21 TEHCs, and 16 HCs. Participants then completed a free-viewing eye-tracking task assessing attention allocation outside the scanner. Dwell time on negatively-valenced stimuli (DT%) were assessed relative to functional connectivity in the aforementioned seed regions of interest (amygdala, dACC, dlPFC, vlPFC, and NAcc) to whole-brain voxel-wise rsFC.ResultsAs previously reported, group differences occurred in attention allocation to negative-valence stimuli, with longer dwell time on negatively valence stimuli in the PTSD and TEHC groups than the HC group. Higher DT% correlated with weaker NAcc-orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) connectivity in patients with PTSD. Conversely, a positive association emerged in the HC group between DT% and NAcc-OFC connectivity.ConclusionsWhile exploratory in nature, present findings may suggest that reward-related brain areas are involved in disengaging attention from negative-valenced stimuli, and possibly in regulating ensuing negative emotions.
Trajectory planning and control of multiple mobile robot using hybrid MKH-fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Kumar Saroj , Parhi Dayal R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobotics with artificial intelligence techniques have been the center of attraction among researchers as it is well equipped in the area of human intervention. Here, the krill herd (KH) optimization algorithm is modified and hybridized with a fuzzy logic controller to frame an intelligent controller for optimal trajectory planning and control of mobile robots in obscure environments. The controller is demonstrated for single and multiple robot’s trajectory planning. A Petri-net controller has also been added to avoid conflict situations in multi-robot navigation. MATLAB and V-REP software are used to simulate the work, backed with real-time experiments under laboratory conditions. The robots efficiently achieved the goals by tracing an optimal path without any collision. Trajectory length and time spent during navigation are recorded, and a good agreement between the results is observed. The proposed technique is compared against existing research techniques, and an improvement of 14.26% is noted in terms of path length.
RUTH G. MILLIKAN'S CONVENTIONALISM AND LAW
Authors: Matczak Marcin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTConventionalism once seemed an attractive way to justify the viability of the positivistic social thesis. Subsequent criticism, however, has significantly lessened its attractiveness. This paper attempts to revive jurisprudential interest in conventionalism by claiming that positivists would profit more from the conventionalism of Ruth G. Millikan than that of David Lewis.Three arguments are proffered to support this contention. First, Millikan's conventionalism is not vulnerable to the major criticism leveled at conventionalism, viz its compliance-dependence (i.e., the main reason to follow a convention is that other social actors do so), as this is not its defining feature. Second, Millikanian conventionalism retains conventionalism's ability to explain how law emerges from social practices while avoiding the main disadvantage of Lewisian conventionalism, viz its inability to explain the normativity and contestability of law. Third, Millikan's conventionalism can more effectively repel Dworkin's and Greenberg's assaults on legal positivism than its Lewisian counterpart.To the memory of Maurice O'Brien
Greenland Ice Sheet Rainfall, Heat and Albedo Feedback Impacts From the Mid‐August 2021 Atmospheric River
Authors: Box Jason E. , Wehrlé Adrien , van As Dirk , Fausto Robert S. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Dachauer Armin , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Picard Ghislain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRainfall at the Greenland ice sheet Summit 14 August 2021, was delivered by an atmospheric river (AR). Extreme surface ablation expanded the all‐Greenland bare ice area to near‐record‐high with snowline climbing up to 788 ± 90 m. Ice sheet wet snow extent reached 46%, a record high for the 15–31 August AMSR data since 2003. Heat‐driven firn deflation averaged 0.14 ± 0.05 m at four accumulation area automatic weather stations (AWSs). Energy budget calculations from AWS data indicate that surface heating from rainfall is much smaller than from either the sensible, latent, net‐longwave or solar energy fluxes. Sensitivity tests show that without the heat‐driven snow‐darkening, melt at 1,840 m would have totaled 28% less. Similarly, at 1,270 m elevation, without the bare ice exposure, melting would have been 51% less. Proglacial river discharge was the highest on record since 2006 for late August and confirms the melt‐sustaining effect of the albedo feedback.
Application of Recursive Estimation to Heat Tracing for Groundwater/Surface‐Water Exchange
Authors: McAliley W. Anderson , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Rey David , Briggs Martin A. , Shapiro Allen M. , Werkema Dale 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present and demonstrate a recursive‐estimation framework to infer groundwater/surface‐water exchange based on temperature time series collected at different vertical depths below the sediment/water interface. We formulate the heat‐transport problem as a state‐space model (SSM), in which the spatial derivatives in the convection/conduction equation are approximated using finite differences. The SSM is calibrated to estimate time‐varying specific discharge using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Extended Rauch‐Tung‐Striebel Smoother (ERTSS). Whereas the EKF is suited to real‐time (“online”) applications and uses only the past and current measurements for estimation (filtering), the ERTSS is intended for near‐real time or batch‐processing (“offline”) applications and uses a window of data for batch estimation (smoothing). The two algorithms are demonstrated with synthetic and field‐experimental data and are shown to be efficient and rapid for the estimation of time‐varying flux over seasonal periods; further, the recursive approaches are effective in the presence of rapidly changing flux and (or) nonperiodic thermal boundary conditions, both of which are problematic for existing approaches to heat tracing of time‐varying groundwater/surface‐water exchange.
Development and Application of a 1D Compaction Model to Understand 65 Years of Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Lees Matthew , Knight Rosemary , Smith Ryan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh rates of land subsidence, caused by groundwater overdraft, are resulting in millions of dollars of infrastructure damage in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV). In recent years, the use of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has enabled us to substantially improve our understanding of this subsidence. However, only very occasionally have the InSAR data been integrated with a physical model of subsurface compaction. Here, we have used InSAR and other data to parameterize and calibrate a 1D compaction model. We applied our model to a study area in the SJV where we had access to the necessary information on hydraulic head to develop model inputs. Our model simulated subsidence in the three aquifer system layers over the period 1952–2017, and is the first 1D compaction model in the SJV to simulate multiple aquifer system layers from the 1950s to 2017. The results from our model suggest that previous studies have significantly underestimated the time constants governing the slow, residual compaction of subsurface clays. We suggest that residual compaction of clays is a process that continues for decades‐to‐centuries, indicating that to significantly reduce subsidence requires some recovery of head, not just a stabilization. We also show how compaction in the lower, confined aquifer has accounted for over 90% of subsidence in the past 20 years. Although our study area is small, our findings are likely representative of the subsiding regions of the SJV, and our methodology can be applied to unconsolidated aquifer systems exhibiting subsidence worldwide.