bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of small‐scale farmers to global food security: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Azadi Hossein , Ghazali Samane , Ghorbani Mehdi , Tan Rong , Witlox Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the impacts of small‐scale farmers on food security enhancement were estimated in three dimensions of food availability, food access and food utilization. In the current study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis have been performed to synthesize results from 75 original articles. It includes the pooling of data that quantitatively investigate whether or not causal links characterized in the original articles remain valid across a broader scope of the literature. The findings show that farmers who are small‐scale in natural/physical capital would lead to higher median food production and agricultural productivity, compared with small‐scale farmers in financial capital, at about 19% and 15%, respectively. Meta‐regression results indicate that small‐scale farmers in natural/physical capital have significantly positive effects on the average agricultural productivity, food income and biofortification. By contrast, farmers who are small‐scale in financial capital have negative effects on food security. The influential role of these small‐scale farmers should also be considered since food insecurity leads to socio‐economic implications. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate higher value crops, to participate in various income‐generating activities such as fisheries and forestry, and to pay agricultural credits. The effect of the size of small‐scale farmers on global food security is very useful for policymakers to plan for a world without hunger. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiproxy paleolimnological records provide evidence for a shift to a new ecosystem state in the Northern Great Plains, USA
Authors: Hu Kui , Mushet David M. , Sweetman Jon N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the North American Northern Great Plains perform multiple ecosystem services and are biodiversity hotspots. However, climatological changes can result in sudden shifts in these important ecosystems. For example, marked increases in precipitation in the last few decades have resulted in a widespread shift in wetlands across the Prairie Pothole Region to a new ecohydrological state. We used multiproxy analyses (diatom community composition and invertebrate stable isotopes) of 210Pb‐dated sediment cores from two adjacent, but morphologically and hydrologically different, prairie‐pothole wetlands to assess the effects of hydroclimatic variability on these wetland ecosystems. Our results provide evidence that the recent ecohydrological shift in the region's wetlands is unprecedented over the past ca. 178 yr. Oxygen stable isotopes in chironomid head capsules provide a record of paleohydrology changes. The most recent sediments (i.e., those deposited after the state shift) from both wetlands revealed novel changes in diatom communities that differed greatly from earlier community compositions. In addition, a depleted signal in deuterium and 13C carbon stable isotopes observed in chironomid head capsules and Daphnia ephippia, respectively, after 1993 is likely related to an increase in methane production in these wetlands. Our study highlights the importance of considering basin morphometry including whether a wetland has an overflow point, and multiple biological indicators to study climate‐change influences on freshwater ecosystems. Research using these techniques can lead to an improved understanding of recent ecosystem shifts, an understanding that will be essential for future climate‐change adaptation and mitigation in this ecologically important region.
Bridging the gap: A library‐based collaboration to enhance data skills for clinical researchers
Authors: Carson Matthew B. , Gonzales Sara , Shaw Pamela , Schneider Daniel , Holmes Kristi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionEnterprise data warehouses (EDWs) serve as foundational infrastructure in a modern learning health system, housing clinical and other system‐wide data and making it available for research, strategic, and quality improvement purposes. Building on a longstanding partnership between Northwestern University's Galter Health Sciences Library and the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse (NMEDW), an end‐to‐end clinical research data management (cRDM) program was created to enhance clinical data workforce capacity and further expand related library‐based services for the campus.MethodsThe training program covers topics such as clinical database architecture, clinical coding standards, and translation of research questions into queries for proper data extraction. Here we describe this program, including partners and motivations, technical and social components, integration of FAIR principles into clinical data research workflows, and the long‐term implications for this work to serve as a blueprint of best practice workflows for clinical research to support library and EDW partnerships at other institutions.ResultsThis training program has enhanced the partnership between our institution's health sciences library and clinical data warehouse to provide support services for researchers, resulting in more efficient training workflows. Through instruction on best practices for preserving and sharing outputs, researchers are given the tools to improve the reproducibility and reusability of their work, which has positive effects for the researchers as well as for the university. All training resources have been made publicly available so that those who support this critical need at other institutions can build on our efforts.ConclusionsLibrary‐based partnerships to support training and consultation offer an important vehicle for clinical data science capacity building in learning health systems. The cRDM program launched by Galter Library and the NMEDW is an example of this type of partnership and builds on a strong foundation of past collaboration, expanding the scope of clinical data support services and training on campus.
Advances in mass spectrometry imaging for spatial cancer metabolomics
Authors: Ma Xin , Fernández Facundo M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has become a central technique in cancer research. The ability to analyze various types of biomolecules in complex biological matrices makes it well suited for understanding biochemical alterations associated with disease progression. Different biological samples, including serum, urine, saliva, and tissues have been successfully analyzed using mass spectrometry. In particular, spatial metabolomics using MS imaging (MSI) allows the direct visualization of metabolite distributions in tissues, thus enabling in‐depth understanding of cancer‐associated biochemical changes within specific structures. In recent years, MSI studies have been increasingly used to uncover metabolic reprogramming associated with cancer development, enabling the discovery of key biomarkers with potential for cancer diagnostics. In this review, we aim to cover the basic principles of MSI experiments for the nonspecialists, including fundamentals, the sample preparation process, the evolution of the mass spectrometry techniques used, and data analysis strategies. We also review MSI advances associated with cancer research in the last 5 years, including spatial lipidomics and glycomics, the adoption of three‐dimensional and multimodal imaging MSI approaches, and the implementation of artificial intelligence/machine learning in MSI‐based cancer studies. The adoption of MSI in clinical research and for single‐cell metabolomics is also discussed. Spatially resolved studies on other small molecule metabolites such as amino acids, polyamines, and nucleotides/nucleosides will not be discussed in the context.
Functional urology: Practice patterns and training aspirations among urologists in Brazil
Authors: Costa‐Matos André , Toledo Luis Gustavo Morato , Fornari Alexandre , Fernandes Silva Jose Ailton , Gomes Cristiano Mendes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeUrology has rapidly evolved during the last decades, incorporating new technologies faster than most specialties. The challenge to maintain a competent workforce that is prepared to deliver proper contemporary treatment has become increasingly difficult and newly graduated urologists throughout the world typically lack the skills to practice many urological subspecialties. We performed a survey to evaluate the practice patterns and educational aspirations in functional urology (FU) among Brazilian urologists.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to board‐certified Brazilian urologists to collect data on clinical practice and training aspirations in four subareas of FU: female urology, urodynamics, postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI), and neurourology. We evaluated urologists' clinical and surgical workload in each subarea and investigated educational training aspirations to identify areas and training formats of interest.ResultsA total of 366 urologists (mean age 47.7 + 10.7 years) completed the survey. Mean time since completion of residency was 17.9 + 11.9 years. Of the respondents, 176 (53%) perform urodynamics, 285 (83.1%) SUI surgeries, 159 (47.6%) PPI surgeries, 194 (58.1%) third line OAB procedures, 168 (48.9%) pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and 88 (26.3%) bladder augmentation. Mid‐urethral sling is the most performed SUI surgery and transobturator is the preferred route (64.0%). For those performing POP surgery, 40.5% use mesh in at least 50% of their cases, and the vaginal route is used in most cases (75.4%) for apical prolapse. For PPI, 64.6% use artificial sphincter in most surgeries and only 8.1% perform at least 5 surgeries/year. Being fellowship‐trained and working in an academic hospital are associated with a higher chance of being active in FU. Most urologists are interested in receiving training in PPI, female SUI, and POP and a hands‐on course is the preferred educational method (81%).ConclusionsMost urologists in Brazil are involved in the evaluation and treatment of FU patients, but few have a large volume of patient visits and surgical procedures. Completing a fellowship program and working in an academic practice are associated with a higher chance of being a FU practitioner. There is a high interest in training for PPI, female SUI, and POP.
Identification of azukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins from Oxytropis hirta Bunge and their aphicidal activities against pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris
Authors: Ye Shengwei , Zhao Long , Qi Yinyin , Yang Han , Hu Zilong , Hao Nan , Li Yantao , Tian Xiangrong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcyrthosiphon pisum Harris is the most destructive pest worldwide because of its ability to feed on plants directly and transmit plant viruses as a vector. This study aims to identify triterpenoid saponins from Oxytropis hirta Bunge as biopesticides to control aphids.ResultsThree new azukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins (1–3), a new pinoresinol lignan glycoside (8), and four known saponins (4–7) were identified from the root of O. hirta. Compounds 4–7 displayed significant aphicidal activities against A. pisum with oral toxicities (LC50 = 51.10–147.43 μg/mL, 72 h), deterrent effects (deterrence index = 1.00, 100–200 μg/mL, 24 h), and aphid reproduction inhibitory effects (inhibition rates = 75.91–86.73%, 400 μg/mL, 24 h), respectively. The carboxyl groups at C‐3 GlcA and C‐30 were functional groups for their aphicidal activities. The toxic symptoms caused by the optimal 5 involved insect body‐color changes from light green to dark or gray‐green, and then brown until death. The intestinal cavity, apical microvilli, nuclei, mitochondria, and electron dense granules in the midgut tissues of A. pisum were the target sites showing aphicidal activity. The suppression of pepsin and α‐amylase, and the activation of lipase and trypsin could be the signs of organelle damage in the midgut tissues.ConclusionAzukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins from O. hirta could be used as biopesticides to control aphids for their multiple efficacies, including oral toxicity, deterrent activity, and reproduction inhibitory activity. The toxic symptoms involved insect body‐color changes. Midgut tissues and their related enzymes were the targets for saponins showing aphicidal activities. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Neuroprotective effects of total alkaloids fraction of Huperzia serrata on scopolamine‐induced neurodegenerative animals
Authors: Dang Thu Kim , Hong Seong‐Min , Dao Vui Thi , Nguyen Duong Thuy , Nguyen Khanh Van , Nguyen Hai Thanh , Ullah Sana , Tran Hiep Tuan , Kim Sun Yeou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuperzia serrata contains Huperzine A (HupA)—an alkaloid used to treat cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we used the total alkaloids (HsAE) to investigate their potential in managing cognitive impairment in comparison with HupA. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay. In the cellular study, the cell viability and level of ACh of SH‐SY5Y cells were evaluated after pretreated with HsAE and scopolamine. For in vivo assay, mice were pre‐treated with HsAE, and HupA and undergone scopolamine injection for cognitive impairment. The behavioral tests including the Y‐maze and Morris water maze test and the AChE activity, the SOD, CAT, MDA level in the hippocampus and cortex were evaluated. HsAE showed significant scavenging properties on DPPH radicals. HsAE was not toxic to SH‐SY5Y cells, and can rescue these cells upon scopolamine treatment. Intriguingly, HsAE showed the neuroprotection against scopolamine‐induced amnesia in mice. Moreover, HsAE decreased AChE activity, MDA level, increased antioxidative enzyme activity in the hippocampus as well as cortex of mice, which was relatively better than that of HupA. These findings suggested that HsAE may significantly protect the neurons of mice with scopolamine—induced memory impairment connected to AChE depletion and oxidative stress.
Carbon performance evaluation system and practice analysis for the sustainable enterprises
Authors: Zhang Caiping , Yue Wenjie , Tan Deming , Su Zhenkun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable development has become society's focal point. In this context, China's paper industry needs to be more concerned about a low‐carbon strategy. Therefore, a carbon performance evaluation system must be built to guide the low‐carbon enterprise transformation. Based on the carbon value flow analysis, this study takes JX Paper (a paper‐making enterprise) as an example to construct a carbon performance evaluation system consisting of carbon input, transfer, and output indicators. The quantitative and qualitative index weights were determined through a principal component analysis and an analytical hierarchy process. The overall carbon performance increased from 2012 to 2021, but room remains for improvement. These results show that the performance evaluation system provides a helpful reference for enterprises to identify the key factors affecting carbon emissions and evaluate their carbon performance. Moreover, objective criteria should be developed to improve sustainable enterprise carbon performance and low‐carbon competitiveness.
Visual Proofs as Counterexamples to the Standard View of Informal Mathematical Proofs?
Authors: Weisgerber Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA passage from Jody Azzouni’s article “The Algorithmic-Device View of Informal Rigorous Mathematical Proof” in which he argues against Hamami and Avigad’s standard view of informal mathematical proof with the help of a specific visual proof of $$1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+\dots =1$$

1
/
2
+
1
/
4
+
1
/
8
+
1
/
16
+
⋯
=
1

is critically examined. By reference to mathematicians’ judgments about visual proofs in general, it is argued that Azzouni’s critique of Hamami and Avigad’s account is not valid. Nevertheless, by identifying a necessary condition for the visual proof to be considered a proper proof in the first place, and suggesting an appropriate way to establish its correctness, it is shown how Azzouni’s assessment of the epistemic process associated with the visual proof can turn out to be essentially correct. From this, it is concluded that although visual proofs do not constitute counterexamples to the standard view in the sense suggested by Azzouni, at least the visual proof mentioned above shows that this view does not cover all the ways in which mathematical truth can be justified.
NNLO QCD corrections in full colour for jet production observables at the LHC
Authors: Chen X. , Gehrmann T. , Glover E. W. N. , Huss A. , Mo J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calculations for processes involving a high multiplicity of coloured particles often employ a leading colour approximation, where only the leading terms in the expansion of the number of colours Nc and the number of flavours nf are retained. This approximation of the full colour result is motivated by the 1/$$ {N}_c^2 $$

N
c
2

suppression of the first subleading terms and by the increasing complexity of including subleading colour contributions to the calculation. In this work, we present the calculations using the antenna subtraction method in the NNLOjet framework for the NNLO QCD corrections at full colour for several jet observables at the LHC. The single jet inclusive cross section is calculated doubly differential in transverse momentum and absolute rapidity and compared with the CMS measurement at 13 TeV. A calculation for dijet production doubly differential in dijet mass and rapidity difference is also performed and compared with the ATLAS 7 TeV data. Lastly, a triply differential dijet cross section in average transverse momentum, rapidity separation and dijet system boost is calculated and compared with the CMS 8 TeV data. The impact of the subleading colour contributions to the leading colour approximation is assessed in detail for all three types of observables and as a function of the jet cone size. The subleading colour contributions play a potentially sizable role in the description of the triply differential distributions, which probe kinematical configurations that are not easily accessed by any of the other observables.
Violation of bound on chaos for charged probe in Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole
Authors: Gwak Bogeun , Kan Naoto , Lee Bum-Hoon , Lee Hocheol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the conjectured bound on the Lyapunov exponent for a charged particle with angular motion in the Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole. The Lyapunov exponent is calculated based on the effective Lagrangian. We show that the negative cosmological constant reduces the chaotic behavior of the particle, namely, it decreases the Lyapunov exponent. Hence, the bound is more effective in the AdS spacetime than in the flat spacetime. Nevertheless, we find that the bound can be violated when the angular momenta of the black hole are turned on. Moreover, we show that in an extremal black hole, the bound is more easily violated compared to that in a nonextremal black hole.
The present and future of immunocytokines for cancer treatment
Authors: Gout Dennis Y. , Groen Lotte S. , van Egmond Marjolein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has successfully been introduced as treatment of several lymphomas and leukemias. However, solid tumors reduce the efficacy of mAb therapy because of an immune-suppressive tumor micro-environment (TME), which hampers activation of effector immune cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokine therapy may counteract immune suppression in the TME and increase mAb efficacy, but untargeted pro-inflammatory cytokine therapy is limited by severe off-target toxicity and a short half-life of cytokines. Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins, also referred to as immunocytokines, provide a solution to either issue, as the antibody both acts as local delivery platform and increases half-life. The antibody can furthermore bridge local cytotoxic immune cells, like macrophages and natural killer cells with tumor cells, which can be eliminated after effector cells are activated via the cytokine. Currently, a variety of different antibody formats as well as a handful of cytokine payloads are used to generate immunocytokines. However, many potential formats and payloads are still left unexplored. In this review, we describe current antibody formats and cytokine moieties that are used for the development of immunocytokines, and highlight several immunocytokines in (pre-)clinical studies. Furthermore, potential future routes of development are proposed.
Verschluss einer persistierenden urethrorektalen Fistel nach suprasymphysärer Adenomenukleation der Prostata durch kombiniertes Bressel-Naujox- mit einem Gracilisflapverfahren
Authors: Reichert M. , Schüler P. , Stepniewski A. , Felmerer G. , Trojan L. , von Knobloch H. C. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungUnter Berücksichtigung einiger Grundprinzipien der Fistelchirurgie gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten der operativen Sanierung urethrorektaler Fisteln. Ein Standard, welche Operationsmethode unter welchen Umständen eingesetzt werden sollte, gibt es – auch aufgrund der Heterogenität dieser Erkrankung – nicht. Dieser Fall beschreibt die individuelle Adaptation einer Operationstechnik, welche zur Behandlung vesikovaginaler Fisteln eingesetzt wird, auf die Behandlung einer urethrorektalen Fistel eines Patienten nach bereits frustranem Versuch eines Fistelverschlusses, welche auf Basis einer etablierten Methode unter Verwendung eines Interponats zum Erfolg führte.
Satisfactory results after endoscopic gluteus medius repair combined with selective gluteus maximus reflected tendon release for the treatment of a full-thickness tear of gluteus medius
Authors: Della Rocca Federico , Di Francia Vincenzo , Giuffrida Alberto , Rosolani Marco , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , D’Addona Alessio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The current study aimed to report the mid-term follow-up results of endoscopic gluteus medius repair combined with a systematic release of the gluteus maximus reflected tendon.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with a symptomatic full-thickness tear of the gluteus medius tendon, as diagnosed by clinical examination and imaging (MRI), and who had a failure of conservative treatment for at least 6 months, were retrospectively enrolled for this study. An endoscopic repair of gluteus medius was performed for all patients in combination with gluteus maximus reflected tendon release according to the Polesello technique. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Hip Outcome Score-Activity Daily Life (HOS-ADL), and Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS) were administered to each patient before surgery for 6 months, 1 year, and every following year after surgery.

Results
All analysed hip scores (mHHS, LEFS, HOS-ADL, and HOS-SSS) showed statistically significant improvements between the pre-operative and post-operative values at 6 months, 1 year, and the latest follow-up appointments after surgery (p < 0.001). The mean pre-operative pain was 8.6 ± 1.0 on the VAS. After surgical treatment, the pain was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) on the VAS at 6 months (5.4 ± 1.5), 1 year (4.4 ± 1.8) and the latest follow-up control visit (3.6 ± 2.2). No patient-reported major complications (re-rupture, deep infection or neurovascular injury). Eleven (50%) patients indicated the results as excellent, 7 (32%) as good, 2 (9%) as fair, and 2 (9%) as poor.

Conclusion
The use of abductor tendon repair in combination with a systematic release of the reflected tendon of the gluteus maximus according to the Polesello technique seems to be a safe and effective endoscopic way of treating a full-thickness tear of the gluteus medius.

Level of evidence
Level IV.