bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic role of DOG-1, GFAP and B-catenin in Basal cell Adenoma and Cellular Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Gland
Authors: López-Janeiro Álvaro , Blasco-Santana Luis , Pérez-Pérez Manuel , Ruiz-Bravo Elena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) and Basal cell adenoma (BCA) are benign salivary gland tumors that may pose a diagnostic challenge if typical features are not present. Due to the increased relapse and malignant transformation rate of the former, a correct diagnosis carries relevant prognostic information. Even though immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a limited role in the diagnosis of these tumors, the use of IHC panels could increase diagnostic accuracy. In the present work, we aimed to demonstrate that the use of an IHC panel consisting of Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), B-Catenin and Discovered On GIST 1 (DOG-1) can aid in the differential diagnosis between PA and BCA.

Methods
We analyzed 18 cases of benign salivary gland tumors (Pleomorphic adenomas and Basal cell adenomas) with overlapping histologic features. First, a head and neck pathologist diagnosed the cases relying on morphology alone. Afterwards, cases were re-evaluated considering the IHC panel results. Inter-observer IHC scoring concordance was evaluated with pre-defined marker cut-off points using Cohen’s Kappa scores.

Results
Based on morphology alone, 9 cases were classified as PA while the remaining tumors were considered to be BCA. Five out of nine BCA cases showed GFAP staining and absent nuclear B-catenin and DOG-1 positivity. Conversely, 2 PA cases showed absent GFAP and positive nuclear B-catenin with concurrent DOG-1 expression. Therefore, after IHC evaluation, up to 40% of morphologic diagnoses were reconsidered. Overall, the inter-observer concordance for IHC evaluation was good (resulting Kappa Scores between 0.78 and 1).

Conclusion
Our work supports the use of a concise IHC panel to improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign salivary gland tumors with overlapping histologic features.
Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using sodium alginate extracted from Sargassum latifolium and their antibacterial activity
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Deyab Mohamed A. , Hassan Nagwa I. , Abu Ahmed Seham E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrown seaweed Sargassum latifolium produces a sufficient amount of alginate. It is derived from the cell wall of seaweed as a natural anionic polysaccharide. In the present study, alginate was extracted from S. latifolium, its physicochemical properties, the potential for silver nanoparticles formation, characterization of alginate silver nanoparticles, and its antibacterial activity was studied. Physical analysis of extracted sodium alginate as colour (pale yellow), yield (25.34%), water content (13.17%), ash content (15.5%), and pH (8.6) were investigated. In addition, UV scan analyses of extracted alginate illustrated that the bioactive compounds separated in the range of 200–400 nm. On the other hand, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) scan analysis of synthesized alginate silver nanoparticles gave a maximum peak at 413 nm. Besides that, Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of alginate, and alginate silver nanoparticles revealed a variety of functional groups, such as –OH, –NH, –CH, –COOH, CO, and C–C, and thermogravimetric analysis of extracted sodium alginate demonstrated thermal degradation occurs in two steps; Dehydration followed by degradation to Na2CO3 and a carbonized substance that breaks down slowly between 600 and 750 °C in N2. Biochemical contents, protein, and carbohydrate were receptively, respectively, and were 0.89 and 78.56 mg/g dry wt. Alginate silver nanoparticles recorded maximal antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus more than alginate. On the other hand, alginate has no activity against E. coli.
Application of radiomics in adrenal incidentaloma: a literature review
Authors: Li Cheng , Fu Yan , Yi Xiaoping , Guan Xiao , Liu Longfei , Chen Bihong T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessment of adrenal incidentaloma relies on imaging analysis and evaluation of adrenal function. Radiomics as a tool for quantitative image analysis is useful for evaluation of adrenal incidentaloma. In this review, we examined radiomic literature on adrenal incidentaloma including both adrenal functional assessment and structural differentiation of benign versus malignant adrenal tumors. In this review, we summarized the status of radiomic application on adrenal incidentaloma and suggested potential direction for future research.
Resistance patterns among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients and trends-over-time analysis of national surveillance data in Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Abdul Jabar Babatunde Pacome Achimi Agbo , Adegbite Bayode Romeo , Ndanga Micheska Epola Dibamba , Edoa Jean Ronald , Mevyann Rhett Chester , Mfoumbi Guy Rogue Arnault Ibinda , de Dieu Tshisekedi Jean , Mahoumbou Jocelyn , Biyogho Christopher Mebiame , Jeyaraj Sankarganesh , Niemann Stefan , Lell Bertrand , Kremsner Peter Gottfried , Alabi Abraham Sunday , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Grobusch Martin Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Routinely generated surveillance data are important for monitoring the effectiveness of MDR-TB control strategies. Incidence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is a key indicator for monitoring MDR-TB.

Methods
In a longitudinal nationwide retrospective study, 8 years (2014–2021) of sputum samples from presumptively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients from all regions of Gabon were referred to the national tuberculosis reference laboratory. Samples were analysed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Genotype MTBDRsl version 2/Line Probe Assay.

Results
Of 3057 sputum samples from presumptive tuberculosis patients, both from local hospital and from referral patients, 334 were RR-TB. The median patient age was 33 years (interquartile range 26–43); one third was newly diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis patients; one-third was HIV-positive. The proportion of men with RR-TB was significantly higher than that of women (55% vs 45%; p < 0.0001). Patients aged 25–35 years were most affected (32%; 108/334). The cumulative incidence of RR-TB was 17 (95% CI 15–19)/100,000 population over 8 years. The highest incidences were observed in 2020 and 2021. A total of 281 samples were analysed for second-line drug resistance. The proportions of study participants with MDR-TB, pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB were 90.7% (255/281), 9% (25/281) and 0.3% (1/281), respectively. The most-common mutations in fluoroquinolones resistance isolates was gyrA double mutation gyrA MUT3B and MUT3C (23%; 4/17). Most (64%; 6/8) second-line injectable drugs resistance isolates were characterised by missing both rrs WT2 and MUT2 banding.

Conclusion
The increasing incidence of MDR-TB infection in Gabon is alarming. It is highest in the 25–35 years age category. The incidence of MDR-TB infection in treatment-naïve patients calls for case finding and contact tracing strategy improvement.
CircNDST1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression via its interaction with CSNK2A1 to activate the PI3K–Akt pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Shu C. , Wang S. , Hu J. , Xu M. , Deng H. , Maimaiti Y. , Huang T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple studies have established a strong relationship between circRNA and cancer progression. Cervical lymph node metastasis is a key factor influencing the surgical approach and distant metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the role of circNDST1 in PTC has not been investigated. Our research focused on revealing the function and mechanism of action of circNDST1 in PTC.

Methods
High-throughput sequencing and qPCR were used to assess the expression of circRNA in PTC tissues with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis and circNDST1 in cell lines, respectively. The proliferative effects of circNDST1 in vitro and in vivo were analyzed using CCK8, clone formation assay, EdU, and nude mouse tumorigenesis assay. The transwell scratch assay was employed in the scrutiny of the effect of circNDST1 on the migration and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells, while circNDST1’s influence on the PI3K–Akt pathway and the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) key protein expression was evaluated utilizing RNA sequencing and western blot. RNA pull-down and RIP were used to examine the binding of circNDST1 to CSNK2A1.

Results
CircNDST1 was highly expressed in PTC cell lines, but knocking it down inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities of TPC1 and KTC1 cell lines. CircNDST1 bonded with CSNK2A1 and promoted the interaction between CSNK2A1 and Akt, leading to the activation of the PI3K–Akt pathway and EMT.

Conclusion
CircNDST1’s high expression boosted thyroid cancer progression through the activation of the PI3K–Akt pathway and EMT in a CSNK2A1-dependent manner
Healthy Eating Policy: Racial Liberalism, Global Connections and Contested Science
Authors: Mayes Christopher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe challenges to designing and implementing ethically and politically meaningful eating policies are many and complex. This article provides a brief overview of Anne Barnhill and Matteo Bonotti’s Healthy Eating Policy and Political Philosophy: A Public Reason Approach while also critically engaging with the place of racial justice, global interconnectedness, and debates over science in thinking about ethics and politics of public health nutrition and policy. I do not aim to burden Barnhill and Bonotti with the responsibility to fully address these issues, but considering the interconnection of these issues and the ever pressing effects of climate change on local and global food systems, we collectively need to turn to these difficult and pressing questions about what a just food system looks like, what concerns are centred, and who is left out. I group these engagements with Barnhill and Bonotti under three headings: racial liberalism, global food system, and contested nutrition science. I conclude with some remarks about locality.
On Curing Political Diseases: The Healing Power of Majoritarian Elections in Multi-Member Districts
Authors: Eichenberger Reiner , Schafer Patricia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Democratic politics suffers from numerous diseases such as lack of inclusiveness, time-inconsistency, short-termism, negative campaigning, lack of trust in and between governments, and many more. These diseases affect all countries, albeit to a differing extent. How can they be cured? From a politico-economic perspective, an institutional approach is required. We look at a country where these political diseases seem to play a relatively minor role: Switzerland. So far, Switzerland is renowned for its extensive direct democracy and federalism. However, its electoral system has been largely neglected. It uniquely combines proportional representation and majoritarian elections on all government levels. In contrast to the international standard, Swiss majority votes do not take place in single-member districts but in multi-member districts. We analyze how the interplay of majoritarian elections in multi-member districts and proportional representation mitigates many of the political diseases.
Exploring the Lithic Variability of the Mousterian (MIS 9–3) Open-Air Sites of the Pontine Plain (Central Italy)
Authors: Rolfo Mario Federico , Ceruleo Piero , Marra Fabrizio , Jicha Brian , Gatta Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary study of the Middle Palaeolithic lithic industries recovered at six selected open-air sites in the Latium region (central Italy), part of a regional cultural complex known as the “Pontinian”. The pedo-stratigraphic analysis combined with 40Ar/ 39Ar age constraints on the sites permits us to provide for the first time a geomorphological and chronological (300–40 ka) framework for several open-air sites in central Italy. The temporal range is remarkably coincident with the Neanderthal presence in this region. Moreover, the lithic collections analysed include the oldest occurrence of a Mousterian industry in this region. The present work, therefore, provides the background context for future re-evaluation of the peculiar Pontinian techno-complex through a more in-depth technological approach and its comparison with the other Neanderthal occurrences in central Italy.
„Wenn man es aufschreibt, muss es richtig sein!“ – Kooperatives Verschriftlichen im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht als Möglichkeit, sprachliches und fachliches Lernen zu verbinden – und zu untersuchen
Authors: Bleiker Johanna , Obendrauf Michael 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht der Frage nach, in welcher Weise sich Bezüge zwischen sprachlichem und naturwissenschaftlichem Lernen nicht nur postulieren, sondern auf empirischer Basis rekonstruieren lassen. Die Datenbasis bilden Videoaufnahmen authentischer Schulstunden (3., 4. und 5. Primarklasse, ca. 50 Zeitstunden) sowie die in den gefilmten Lektionen entstandenen schriftlichen Produkte. Der methodische Zugang ist explorativ-qualitativ ausgerichtet und interdisziplinär (Deutschdidaktik – Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik). Anhand einer Analyse einer Unterrichtssequenz mit konversationellen Schreibinteraktionen wird aufgezeigt, wie Schüler:innen während des kooperativen Schreibens fachliche Konzepte diskutieren, elaborieren und verändern. Dabei werden vier Modi kooperativen Schreibens rekonstruiert, die mit unterschiedlichen Potenzialen für das fachliche und (bildungs-)sprachliche Lernen verbunden sein dürften.
Automating Teacher Work? A History of the Politics of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Rensfeldt Annika Bergviken , Rahm Lina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe debate on automation in education is also a debate on teachers’ work. Throughout history, promises of labor-saving and efficient automation technologies have been repeatedly promoted, while research at the same time has rather argued that automations will always depend on extensive human labor. In this study, we historicize how automation in education has been related to teachers’ work and with what implications. Based on Sweden’s long history of educational technology, we have drawn on digital and archival materials published from 1957 to the present. By contrasting the policy elements on automation and artificial intelligence (AI) across the past several decades, we show how debates and technologies are dynamically established and naturalized over time, which also risk silencing the critical debates on what the politics of automation and AI means for teachers’ work and for public education. We conclude not only that the automation debate aligns with familiar ‘techno-solutionist’ educational technology histories, including forms of resistance on the technological uptake in education and society, but also that the scale and impact of automation are shifting with the technologies for automation and global platform infrastructures integrated into education. Consequently, one of the main questions is how the critical debate on automating teacher work and education is made possible even under such circumstances.
The opportunity costs of the politics of division and disinformation in the context of the twenty-first century security deficit
Authors: Pierce Glenn L. , Holland Curtis C. , Cleary Paul F. , Rabrenovic Gordana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the context of increasingly dynamic global threats to security, which exceed current institutional capabilities to address them, this paper examines the influence of actors with insular interests who seek to leverage anxieties, grievances and disinformation for their own advantage at the expense of the public. Such actors have a common interest in political dysfunction as a means of reducing institutional controls and oversite and use combinations of divisive messaging and disinformation to advance societally suboptimal goals. We first examine the emergence of a security deficit arising from globalization, climate change, and society’s failure to develop the institutions and norms necessary to address the threats produced by these combined phenomena. We then analyze how the politics of division and disinformation have undermined the ability of political and social systems to adapt to the new global threat landscape, employing a conceptual framework that integrates perspectives from sociology and political studies with advances in the cognitive sciences and psychology. Included in the analysis is an examination of the psychological and cognitive foundations of divisive politics and disinformation strategies employed by opportunistic actors to manipulate existing cultural biases and disinform the public of the genuine threats to their well-being. Finally, we provide examples of the interaction of the aforementioned dynamics and concomitant societal opportunity costs resulting from politically fueled division and disinformation. The paper intends to integrate insights from distinct disciplines (sociology, political science, political economy, psychology and cognitive science) to construct a new conceptual framework for understanding obstacles to addressing twenty-first century global threats, and identify gaps in the capacity of dominant security paradigms to fully recognize and assess such threats.
Novel crystalline reduced graphene oxide/adhesive nanocomposites for enhanced electrical, thermal, dielectric properties and electromagnetic energy absorption application
Authors: Khan Adil , Sarfraz Saima , Rahman Ata Ur , Muhammad Sayyar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAt present times electromagnetic (EM) pollution is increasing due to a lot of progress and achievements in the electronics field. There is a dire need to develop materials that have greater EM energy absorption/emission properties. We report here the synthesis of a nanocomposite of carbonaceous material, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Chloroprene (CP) grafted polymethyl methacrylate (CP-g-pMMA), i.e. rGO/CP-g-pMMA. FTIR confirms the grafting of Chloroprene rubber and the presence of rGO. XRD shows the crystallinity of rGO alone and in the composites as well. SEM images showed smooth texture for neat polymer while nanocomposite showed a leafy appearance of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The viscosity of pure CP was 3740 cps while CP-g-pMMA was 1644 cps. A slight decrease was observed after the addition of rGO. Enhancement in thermal properties from 264 °C to 269 °C showed that the composites were thermally more stable than the virgin CP and CP-g-pMMA. The permittivity and alternating current conductivity were checked by Radio Frequency (RF) impedance and material analyzer in the range of (1–1000 MHz) X-band and (1–3 GHz) S-band. The nanocomposites showed the lowest percolation (0.32 vol. %) yet reported. The nanocomposites showed low real and absolute permittivity. The electrical and permittivity analysis of the rGO/CP-g-pMMA nanocomposites revealed that they can be potential candidates for their applications in electronic devices as an absorber.
Gender discrimination in surgery: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Karam Alvina , Khan Mohammad Daanyaal , Khan Bakht Danyal , Rahman Asad , Aziz Sardar Shameer , Karam Ahmad Sharjeel , Karam Abdul Moez , Aamir Muhammad Salman , Arif Amina , Khan Mahnoor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Gender discrimination (GD) like in all workplaces has been a grievous part of the medical field from the beginning with the surgical side suffering the brunt of it.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of gender bias and perceptions of gender disparities affecting the careers of surgeons in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan and map out both the male and female perspectives on the means for experiencing such discrimination.

Materials and methods
A single-centered cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022 using convenience sampling.

Results
The response rate was 32% in our survey. In our analysis, among those who responded in each specialty, 59% agreed to experiencing gender discrimination in General Surgery, 57% in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 54% in Ophthalmology, 30% in Otolaryngology, and 50% in Orthopedic surgery. A greater percentage of female surgeons ‘agreed’ to experiencing GD in comparison to male surgeons in their career (31.25% vs 27.08%). Additionally, our study also concluded that 10.42% of male and 9.38% of female doctors did not experience GD while training.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the discriminatory areas for each gender in surgery and conclude that we must view gender as a primary root factor that predetermines and shapes health systems and outcomes. Most of the problems created by discrimination for different age groups were career advancement, OR opportunities, leadership roles, the difference in mentorship, and a lack of respect in the team.

Highlights
Factors Affecting Paramedic Response Readiness to CBRN Threats in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Novack Zachary , Novack Lewis , Davidson Robert , Shenhar Gili , Bodas Moran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To determine factors associated with increased response readiness to CBRN threats of paramedics in Ontario, Canada.

Methods:
An internet-based survey was distributed via email and delivered at the start of each shift presentation during October, 2019. The target population was active-duty paramedics in the Ontario region of Canada. The survey was comprised of 6 sections pertaining to demographics, attitudinal components of risk perception, self-efficacy, deployment concerns, and resilience. Survey mean, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were used to find the individual effect of each variable.

Results:
The univariate analysis indicated that higher response readiness was associated with additional training, education, CBRN, and family concerns, and incident experience. However, some variables were non-significant in the multivariate analysis. Increased response readiness was associated with CBRN concerns and training.

Conclusion:
CBRN concerns and focused training regarding terrorism were both associated with increased response readiness. The information from the study can be used to build upon existing knowledge and support paramedics though training and preparation for CBRN specific disasters. The findings may also be used to improve current competency-based frameworks focused on response readiness.
The Enemy Within? Article 259 TFEU and the EU’s Rule of Law Crisis
Authors: Íñiguez Guillermo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the role which Member State-led infringement proceedings can play in overcoming the EU’s rule of law crisis, and hypothesizes that it can prove helpful in breaking the current impasse. It begins by understanding why the EU’s “traditional” rule of law enforcement mechanisms—such as Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the recent rule of law conditionality regulation—have failed (Section 2), before exploring how infringement proceedings operate, what their shortcomings are, and why Scheppele’s proposed “systemic infringement proceedings” are important (Section 3). It then seeks to apply said findings to the rule of law crisis, using two recent developments as an example: The oral proceedings of Commission v. Poland (Régime disciplinaire des juges) and a recent vote by the Dutch Parliament compelling its government to take Poland before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (Section 4). Finally, it explores the broader constitutional implications of relying on Article 259 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to overcome the rule of law crisis: It discusses Kochenov’s notion of “biting intergovernmentalism”, what Article 259 illustrates about the European Union’s (EU) hybrid constitution, and how intergovernmental legal instruments can facilitate further European integration (Section 5). It concludes by restating and summing up article’s hypothesis.