bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronotopes and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: De Fina Anna , Perrino Sabina M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this introduction we discuss the centrality of the management and perception of space-time coordinates during
the Covid-19 crisis and highlight some of the main themes that contributors develop in their articles. In particular, we analyze
how contributors’ elaborations of the notion of chronotope involve a discussion of fundamental issues such as the
conceptualization of context, the relationships of chronotopes with ideologies, the configuration and interpretation of meanings
at different levels, and their social circulation.
In the second part of the introduction we discuss in what ways, by taking up a chronotopic lens, the contributors
provide new insights into some of the social processes of meaning making and changes in social relations that have been emerging
during the pandemic.
About the current flow in a discharge tube with a metal section. I-model of a conductive liquid
Authors: Siasko A V , Golubovskii Yu B , Balabas M V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the current flow through a glass cylindrical discharge tube with a metal section. A hydrodynamic model of a one-component conductive liquid is considered. The parameters of the conductive liquid are set in accordance with the parameters of the discharge in neon at a pressure of 1 Torr and a current of 10 mA. It is shown that the presence of a metal section leads to a branching of the discharge current into a component flowing through the gas volume and a component flowing along the approximately equipotential metal surface. Two-dimensional distributions of the electric potential, electric field, and current density are obtained depending on the size of the metal section and the radius of the discharge tube. Based on the calculated electric field, the spatial distribution of excitation sources describing the emission of spectral lines and ionization is calculated. The occurrence of a space charge near the glass-metal interface is analysed.
Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class*
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Guo Ranran , Zhou Yu , Liu Kangning , Zhao Jia , Long Fen , Wu Yuanfang , Li Zhiming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Exploration of the QCD phase diagram and critical point is one of the main goals in current relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QCD critical point is expected to belong to a three-dimensional (3D) Ising universality class. Machine learning techniques are found to be powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter and provide a new way to study the phase diagram. We investigate phase transitions in the 3D cubic Ising model using supervised learning methods. It is found that a 3D convolutional neural network can be trained to effectively predict physical quantities in different spin configurations. With a uniform neural network architecture, it can encode phases of matter and identify both second- and first-order phase transitions. The important features that discriminate different phases in the classification processes are investigated. These findings can help study and understand QCD phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Correction Factors of the Measurement Errors of the LAMOST-LRS Stellar Parameters
Authors: Zhang Shuhui , Hu Guozhen , Liu Rongrong , Pan Cuiyun , Li Lu , Shao Zhengyi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We aim to investigate the propriety of stellar parameter errors of the official data release of the LAMOST low-resolution spectroscopy (LRS) survey. We diagnose the errors of radial velocity (RV), atmospheric parameters ([Fe/H], T
eff,

log
g

) and α-enhancement ([α/M]) for the latest data release version of DR7, including 6,079,235 effective spectra of 4,546,803 stars. Based on the duplicate observational sample and comparing the deviation of multiple measurements to their given errors, we find that, in general, the error of [α/M] is largely underestimated, and the error of RV is slightly overestimated. We define a correction factor k to quantify these misestimations and correct the errors to be expressed as proper internal uncertainties. Using this self-calibration technique, we find that the k-factors significantly vary with the stellar spectral types and the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Particularly, we reveal a strange but evident trend between k-factors and error themselves for all five stellar parameters. Larger errors tend to have smaller k-factor values, i.e., they were more overestimated. After the correction, we recreate and quantify the tight correlations between S/N and errors, for all five parameters, while these correlations have dependence on spectral types. It also suggests that the parameter errors from each spectrum should be corrected individually. Finally, we provide the error correction factors of each derived parameter of each spectrum for the entire LAMOST-LRS DR7 and plan to update them for the later data releases.
Born–Oppenheimer and the geometry of ray space: an application to cold atoms
Authors: Samuel Joseph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is known that, within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, the slow modes of the nuclear motion are altered by three effects that emerge from integrating out the fast modes of the electronic motion. The first is an effective scalar potential

V

d
y
n

coming from the eigenvalue of the electronic state, the second is an effective magnetic field coming from the Berry phase vector potential A. The third term is an additional potential

V

g
e
o
m

originating in the geometry of ray space and the Fubini–Study metric. In this article, we illustrate these effects and their geometric origin in the context of a simple toy model of a slow neutron interacting with a strong, spatially varying magnetic field. Regarding the neutron spin as a fast degree of freedom, we work out the slow dynamics of the motion of the neutron. Our treatment is geometrical and brings out the effects originating in the Kähler geometry of ray space and the Fubini–Study metric. We then give examples of magnetic field configurations which isolate these three separate effects. Finally we apply these ideas to the trapping of cold atoms. Our main result is that the geometric electric potential

V

g
e
o
m

dominates for smaller traps and can be used to confine cold atoms in static traps. This observation could result in better and smaller atomic clocks. This paper is dedicated to Michael Berry on his 80th birthday.
Syllable-PBWT for space-efficient haplotype long-match query
Authors: Wang Victor , Naseri Ardalan , Zhang Shaojie , Zhi Degui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivationThe positional Burrows–Wheeler transform (PBWT) has led to tremendous strides in haplotype matching on biobank-scale data. For genetic genealogical search, PBWT-based methods have optimized the asymptotic runtime of finding long matches between a query haplotype and a predefined panel of haplotypes. However, to enable fast query searches, the full-sized panel and PBWT data structures must be kept in memory, preventing existing algorithms from scaling up to modern biobank panels consisting of millions of haplotypes. In this work, we propose a space-efficient variation of PBWT named Syllable-PBWT, which divides every haplotype into syllables, builds the PBWT positional prefix arrays on the compressed syllabic panel, and leverages the polynomial rolling hash function for positional substring comparison. With the Syllable-PBWT data structures, we then present a long match query algorithm named Syllable-Query.ResultsCompared to the most time- and space-efficient previously published solution to the long match query problem, Syllable-Query reduced the memory use by a factor of over 100 on both the UK Biobank genotype data and the 1000 Genomes Project sequence data. Surprisingly, the smaller size of our syllabic data structures allows for more efficient iteration and CPU cache usage, granting Syllable-Query even faster runtime than existing solutions.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/ZhiGroup/Syllable-PBWTSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AptaMat: a matrix-based algorithm to compare single-stranded oligonucleotides secondary structures
Authors: Binet Thomas , Avalle Bérangère , Dávila Felipe Miraine , Maffucci Irene 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Comparing single-stranded nucleic acids (ssNAs) secondary structures is fundamental when investigating their function and evolution and predicting the effect of mutations on their structures. Many comparison metrics exist, although they are either too elaborate or not sensitive enough to distinguish close ssNAs structures.

Results
In this context, we developed AptaMat, a simple and sensitive algorithm for ssNAs secondary structures comparison based on matrices representing the ssNAs secondary structures and a metric built upon the Manhattan distance in the plane. We applied AptaMat to several examples and compared the results to those obtained by the most frequently used metrics, namely the Hamming distance and the RNAdistance, and by a recently developed image-based approach. We showed that AptaMat is able to discriminate between similar sequences, outperforming all the other here considered metrics. In addition, we showed that AptaMat was able to correctly classify 14 RFAM families within a clustering procedure.

Availability and implementation
The python code for AptaMat is available at https://github.com/GEC-git/AptaMat.git.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Immunology of allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Rahman Rifat S , Wesemann Duane R 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy for allergic disease. Through repeated inoculations of low doses of allergen—either as whole proteins or peptides—patients can achieve a homeostatic balance between inflammatory effectors induced and/or associated with allergen contact, and mediators of immunologic non-responsiveness, potentially leading to sustained clinical improvements. AIT for airborne/respiratory tract allergens and insect venoms have traditionally been supplied subcutaneously, but other routes and modalities of administration can also be effective. Despite differences of allergen administration, there are some similarities of immunologic responses across platforms, with a general theme involving the restructuring and polarization of adaptive and innate immune effector cells. Here we review the immunology of AIT across various delivery platforms, including subcutaneous, sublingual, epicutaneous, intradermal, and intralymphatic approaches, emphasizing shared mechanisms associated with achieving immunologic non-responsiveness to allergen.
The impact of palliative care consultation on reducing antibiotic overuse in hospitalized patients with terminal cancer at the end of life: a propensity score-weighting study
Authors: Kim Jeong-Han , Yoo Shin Hye , Keam Bhumsuk , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
A substantial number of hospitalized patients with terminal cancer at the end-of-life phase receive antibiotics, even with imminent death. We evaluated the impact of palliative care consultation on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with terminal cancer during the end-of-life phase.

Methods
We identified adult patients with metastatic solid cancer who died at a tertiary medical centre in Seoul, Republic of Korea, following at least 4 days of hospitalization (January 2018–December 2020). Patients were divided into palliative and non-palliative care consultation groups. Propensity score-weighted, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compare the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics within 3 days before death between the two groups.

Results
Among 1143 patients analysed, 940 (82.2%) received antibiotics within 3 days before death. The proportion of patients receiving antibiotics was significantly lower (propensity score-weighted P &lt; 0.001) in the palliative care consultation group (344/468; 73.5%) than in the non-palliative care consultation group (596/675; 88.3%). The decrease in the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics in the palliative care consultation group was significant for a carbapenem (42.4% versus 22.4%; P &lt; 0.001), a glycopeptide (23.3% versus 11.1%; P &lt; 0.001) and a quinolone (30.5% versus 19.4%; P = 0.012). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, receiving palliative care consultation (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.33–0.65; P &lt; 0.001) was independently associated with reduced antibiotic use during the end-of-life phase.

Conclusions
Palliative care consultation may reduce aggressive antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with terminal cancer during the end-of-life phase.
Jasmonate-deficient mutantlox3areveals crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene in the differential regulation of male and female flower opening and early fruit development inCucurbita pepo
Authors: Cebrián Gustavo , Segura María , Martínez Javier , Iglesias-Moya Jessica , Martínez Cecilia , Garrido Dolores , Jamilena Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractJasmonate (JA) has been found to be a relevant hormone in floral development in numerous species, but its function in cucurbit floral development and sex determination is unknown. Crosstalk between JA and ethylene (ET) in the differential regulation of male and female floral development was investigated by using the novel JA-deficient mutant lox3a, and the ET-deficient and -insensitive mutants, aco1a and etr2b, respectively, of Cucurbita pepo. The lox3a mutation suppresses male and female flower opening and induces the development of parthenocarpic fruit. A bulked-segregant analysis coupled with whole genome sequencing and fine mapping approach allowed the identification of lox3a mutation in CpLOX3A, a LIPOXYGENASE gene involved in JA biosynthesis. The reduced JA content and expression of JA-signalling genes in male and female flowers of lox3a, and the rescue of lox3a phenotype by external application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), demonstrated that JA controls petal elongation and flower opening, as well as fruit abortion in the absence of fertilization. JA also rescued the phenotype of ET mutants aco1a and etr2b, which are both specifically defective in female flower opening and fruit abortion. ET, the sex determining hormone of cucurbits, is induced in female flowers towards anthesis, activating JA production and promoting the aperture of the female flower, and the abortion of the unfertilized ovary. Given the close association between flower closure and parthenocarpic fruit development, we propose that flower opening can act as a switch that triggers fruit set and development in fertilized ovaries, but may alternatively induce the abortion of the unfertilized ovary. Both ET and JA from mature and senescent petals can serve as remote signals that determine the alternative development of the ovary and fruit.
Debt Restructuring
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Kornberg Alan , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder , McLaughlin Eric 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This new edition offers detailed legal analysis of international corporate, banking, and sovereign debt restructuring, from the perspective of creditors and debtors. It provides practical guidance to help practitioners, policymakers, and academics in the UK and US to understand current developments in debt restructuring, and it provides solutions for creditors holding distressed debt and debtor options in a distressed scenario. The Corporate Debt section includes significant changes to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on restructurings. It also includes the recent adoption of the Part 26A Restructuring Plans and the EU Restructuring Directive. Amendments to the Bank Resolution section reflect decisions by the Single Resolution Board, and national authority resolution decisions notified to the European Banking Authority. A sub-section on domestic bank insolvency and liquidation covers the developments under the Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive, and a new chapter addresses the international debate on a special resolution regime for insurance firms. Other updates include the 2017 code of practice, the ‘third country’ branch model after Brexit, non-equivalence regarding depositor protection arrangements, and the Resolvability Assessment Framework. There is detailed coverage of US and UK developments, examining the increased role of sanctions and the possibility of piercing the corporate veil in SoEs (Chrystallex), as well as the increased push for domestic laws to be used to curtail litigation. The book also covers developments in re-designation and the emergence of the ‘pac-man technique’ in the context of collective action clauses. The impact of COVID-19 on the adoption of the Debt Service Suspension Initiative and the Common Framework are also analysed.
Insolvency in the UK and the US
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides an overview of a comparative approach between the US and English models of financial restructuring. This chapter includes a brief summary of the duties of a company’s directors in promoting a restructuring in the US. Further, through synthesis of case law and statutes, Chapter 1 summarizes the state of the law in the US for fraudulent conveyances, preference actions, and safe harbours as they relate to certain financial transactions that occur prior to a restructuring. Similarly, it includes analysis of directors’ duties in distress in restructuring in the UK and of the UK transaction avoidance regime in a restructuring context.
The Uncitral Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides an overview and analysis of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, and discusses how the US and UK have differed in implementing the Model Law in their respective jurisdictions. This chapter includes a brief examination of the objectives and scope of the Model Law, examines key aspects of the US and English versions as enacted, and discusses why there appears to be a growing divergence in the way in which the Model Law is applied in the US and UK. In doing so, Chapter 4 provides a history of chapter 15 of the US Bankruptcy Code, and examines recent developments in chapter 15 case law, before considering the UK’s Cross-Border Insolvency Regulations (CBIR) and the implications of recent changes in UK restructuring law for the court’s approach to the CBIR.
Legal Aspects of Banking Regulation in the UK And US
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 sets out the principal features of the UK and US bank regulation. The first part outlines the UK, Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) supervisory regime. It will primarily focus on the PRA as the principal bank regulator and supervisor. The second part outlines the US federal bank regulatory system and the impact of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 2010 (‘the Dodd-Frank Act 2010’) on the bank regulatory system as well as its impact on areas of the regulatory and supervisory regime. The chapter will focus on how supervision has undergone significant reform to improve the safety and soundness of banking and bring supervisory measures to the fore that brings ‘resolution’ in to the forefront of supervision rather than at the tail-end.
Banking Act Restructuring and Insolvency Procedures
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 explains the key features of the resolution regime and how it applies to both banks and investment firms. It specifically looks at the reforms introduced by the Financial Services Act 2012, the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013, and the move to implement the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2015 (as well as The Bank Recovery and Resolution (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020, which implement the BRRD and the BRRD II post Brexit) to put in place a special regime for banks and investment banks. The chapter discusses the specific measures concerning the broader special administration and insolvency arrangements. The chapter looks at the treatment of depositors and client assets and explains the priority accorded to them during the administration and insolvency procedure.
European Bank Resolution Regime
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 explains the salient features of the European framework of resolution. It will also explain separately the European Banking Authority (EBA) technical standards and/or guidance where necessary to assist the interpretation of the provisions in the directive. It explains the key features of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2015 (BRRD). It also looks at the lessons learnt resulting in revisions (as part of the European Banking Package) introduced by BRRD II and SRMR II adopted in 2019. The chapter also explains the key features of the Banking Union with specific reference to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and a Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) and their respective roles in bank resolution for those Member States participating in the Banking Union.
An Introduction to Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 10 provides an overarching introduction to the topic of sovereign debt, presenting the main finance options, the players, the available restructuring options and tools, and the peculiar dynamics of these types of restructuring due to the lack of a cross-border international framework. Moreover, the sovereign nature of the debtor poses an even bigger challenge, altering the whole dynamics of the system since the debtor cannot be ‘forced’ to pay due to the absence of other mechanisms available in the corporate context (ie the appointment of and administrator or the liquidation of the debtor) and the creditor must settle or litigate, which poses even greater challenges.
Article 5
Authors: Timmer Alexandra , Holtmaat Rikki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses Article 5 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which contains both self-standing and transversal norms, acting as both a substantive provision and an interpretative tool. What makes this such an important provision in the Convention, and indeed in international human rights law generally, is that it provides the pre-eminent legal basis for transformative gender equality. Article 5 contains the obligation to modify gender stereotypes and fixed parental gender roles and to eliminate gender stereotyping that leads to discrimination. The scope of this provision is correspondingly very broad: the CEDAW Committee has clarified that it encompasses a wide range of ideas, beliefs, and social and cultural practices, as well as institutional arrangements. Moreover, this provision can also provide much-needed tools to analyse new developments such as cyber-bullying or stereotypes embedded in artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms.