bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Active Nitrogen‐Doped Mixed‐Phase Mixed‐Valence Cobalt Nanocatalyst for Olefins and Nitroarenes Hydrogenation
Authors: Ghosh Topi , Kedarnath Gotluru , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment of an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and robust recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for alkene and nitroarene hydrogenation is in high demand for the sustainable future of chemical industries. Herein, we have synthesize and characterized a trinuclear mixed valence cobalt complex 1 and nitrogen doped mixed phase cobalt (β‐Co(OH)2 and CoO) nanocatalyst (N@MPCoNC) as reported earlier. N@MPCoNC was synthesized via single source molecular precursor by reducing 1 by aq. N2H4 followed by calcinations. Both mixed‐valence cobalt metal complex (1) and nitrogen doped mixed phase cobalt nanocatalyst (N@MPCoNC) were utilized for alkenes and nitroarenes hydrogenation reaction, however excellent catalytic activity was noticed by N@MPCoNC with the 100 % conversion of styrene and 4‐nitrotoluene to the corresponding ethylbenzene and 4‐aminotoluene with 100 % selectivity under mild reaction condition. The scope of the heterogeneous N@MPCoNC was further evaluated for other alkenes and nitroarenes to obtain corresponding alkanes and aminoarenes with an excellent conversion and high selectivity at room temperature.
Design of Au Surface‐doped PtFe Catalyst to Modulate Oxygen Binding Energy for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shi Junjie , Zhang Jie , Chen Yihan , Xue Yali , Zhang Jin , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Jinwei , Wang Ruilin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs ideal cathode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability of Pt‐based alloys can be improved further. This study presents the catalyst with Au doping on the surface of an ordered PtFe alloy (Au‐PtFe/C) utilizing a synergistic process of microwave reduction and chemical replacement, as well as the reorganization of a Pt‐rich surface using acid etching and high temperature annealing. Physical characterization indicated that the oxygen binding energy on the surface of Au‐PtFe/C was more effective at promoting the ORR reaction than commercial Pt/C, which contributes significantly to its enhanced activity. Further electrochemical tests revealed that the Au‐PtFe/C catalyst exposes abundant active sites for ORR, with mass and specific activity up to 12 and 8 times that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrated remarkable durability following 10,000 cycles of accelerated durability tests (ADT) in acidic circumstances. In PEMFC test, the single cell with an Au‐PtFe/C cathode also performed admirably when compared with commercial Pt/C. Owing to its facile synthesis, low cost, and exceptional performance, this bimetal‐doped ordered Pt‐based alloy has the capability to be a promising component in fuel cells commercialization.
Hydrogenation of Lignin‐derived Phenolic Compounds over Ru/C Enhanced by Al2O3 Catalyst at Room Temperature
Authors: You Hongyun , Yang Zhi , Lin Jingjun , Shu Riyang , Yin Tao , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chao , Chen Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogenation is a promising strategy for the lignin‐derived phenolic compounds to produce platform chemical compounds and high‐value biofuel precursors. In this study, an efficient hydrogenation of phenol over Ru/C enhanced by Al2O3 catalyst at room temperature was proposed, with phenol conversion and cyclohexanol selectivity both close to 100 %. The addition of Al2O3 can make a significant difference on the phenol adsorption by the introduction of abundant Lewis acid site, which enabled to activate aromatic rings by changing the electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic groups and trigger the occurrence of phenol hydrogenation under the catalysis of Ru/C. The Lewis acid site and metal site cooperated with each other and promoted the conversion of phenol to cyclohexanol as the final products. Moreover, a variety of other phenolic or aromatic compounds were also tested. The steric effects derived from the different substituted groups on aromatic rings had a significant influence on the hydrogenation performances.
Cucurbit[7]uril as Nanoreactor for the Fixation of CO2 with Oxirane: A Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo sustain the environment, enormous efforts have been devoted to control the atmospheric CO2 levels. Various catalysts and catalytic systems have been developed so far but the state of art development is far from satisfactory and further enhancement is needed. Considering all the catalytic systems, in the present work a relatively novel nanoreactor (i. e. cucurbit[7]uril) is introduced and investigated for the reaction of CO2 with oxirane. To the best of our knowledge this is the very first report on the fixation reaction of CO2 with oxirane in cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) confinement. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculation were carried out to probe the reaction mechanism and the role of the confinement offered by the CB[7] macromolecule. Results show that the fixation reaction of CO2 with epoxide is efficiently catalyzed in the CB[7] confinement. The activation energy for the initiation of the reaction was found to be 32.61 kcal/mol. A reactive intermediate (IM) was observed in the reaction pathway. The relative energy of the IM was 4.26 kcal/mol more than the transition state (TS). The IM undergo further transformation with the energy requirement of ∼1 kcal/mol to give the final product of the reaction.
Enhanced social engineering framework mitigating against social engineering attacks in higher education
Authors: Matyokurehwa Kanos , Rudhumbu Norman , Gombiro Cross , Chipfumbu‐Kangara Colletor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to develop and validate an enhanced social engineering framework to mitigate against social engineering attacks. The study formulated a theoretical framework which was informed by the strengths and weaknesses of existing social engineering frameworks, the framework was also guided by the Dhillon's balanced control theory. The theoretical framework was validated by experts using the Delphi technique which comprised of three rounds. A sample of 25 experts from three higher education institutions which met the inclusion criteria were selected. The study was guided by the interpretivism philosophy to get a deep understanding of the phenomenon under study. The findings reveal that social engineering awareness, organizational security policy and Internet of Things (IOT) security succor in reducing social engineering attacks. The findings from this study will be utilized by decision makers in higher education sector to come up with engaging social engineering training programs, set up an organizational security policy and preclude IOT attacks to mitigate social engineering attacks in higher education. The study contributes to the field of social engineering with an enhanced social engineering framework that mitigate against social engineering attacks. The study adds to under‐represented social engineering framework in higher education.
Toward an integrated project complexity narrative – A case study of academic organizations
Authors: Fossum Knut Robert , Honoré‐Livermore Evelyn , Veitch Erik , Haskins Cecilia , Palmer Erika K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe last decade has seen a growing interest in the benefits of applying project management (PM) and system engineering (SE) in an integrated way toward complex projects and programs. The concept of project complexity dimensions, with roots in both disciplines, is suggested as a component of an integrated project complexity narrative. This paper investigates how such a project complexity narrative is reflected when informants talk about the role of PM and SE in two academic organizations. Most informants address uncertainty and social‐political risks as part of their work, but any consistent use of a project complexity narrative is related to environmental and technical systems. The findings also indicate difficulty differentiating between the concepts of complicated and complex. The paper further contemplates how these findings inform efforts to manage complex research projects and programs.
Beneficial and toxicological aspects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in animals
Authors: Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Othman Hemn Hassan , Abdullah Rasedee , Edin Hareth Yahya Ahmed Shujaa , AL‐Haj Nagi A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanotechnology is a far‐reaching technology with tremendous applications in various aspects, including general medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, and food production. Nanomaterials have exceptional physicochemical characteristics, including increased intestinal absorption, biodistribution, bioavailability, and improved antimicrobial and catalytic properties. Although nanotechnology is gaining ground in animal management, husbandry, and production, its wide use is still hampered by occasional toxicity and side effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) have long been utilized in animal production, aquaculture, and pet animal medicine. However, the use ZnO‐NPs in animals has been associated with reports of toxicity and side effects. ZnO‐NPs may have shown numerous beneficial effects in animals; its use must be regulated with care to avoid unwanted consequences. Thus, this review emphasizes the usage of ZnO‐NPs in animal production and laboratory animals and the potential side effects associated with the use of nanoparticles as a feed supplement and therapeutic compound.
Hydrothermal synthesis of novel heterostructured Ag/TiO2/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite: Characterization, enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, and efficient antibacterial studies
Authors: Adarsha J. R. , Ravishankar T. N. , Ananda A. , Manjunatha C. R. , Shilpa B. M. , Ramakrishnappa T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we reported the successful synthesis of novel Ag/TiO2/CuFe2O4 ternary nanocomposite by hydrothermal technique by using TiO2/CuFe2O4 binary nanocomposite precursor that was also prepared by hydrothermal treatment by using TiO2 nanoparticles and CuFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel method. The synthesized nanomaterials were accessed for their morphological, structural, and optical properties. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the formation of pure Ag/TiO2/CuFe2O4 ternary nanocomposite in which the Ag, TiO2, and CuFe2O4 are in anatase, spinal, and cubic crystal phases, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses of Ag/TiO2/CuFe2O4 ternary nanocomposite indicated granule‐shaped morphology with bright spots of silver. The existence of Ti, O, Cu, Fe, and Ag without any other elements in the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of the prepared ternary nanocomposite depict its purity and its polycrystalline nature was confirmed by its selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The ternary nanocomposite was utilized for the methylene blue dye degradation with an optimum dose of 1.00 g/100 ml under ultraviolet (UV) light; the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite is attributed mainly due to the appreciable magnitudinal difference of positive charge of the valence band and negative charge of the conduction band of TiO2 and CuFe2O4; meanwhile, the interfacially placed Ag acts as a sink for the elections. Also, the ternary nanocomposite showed satisfactory antibacterial activities.Practitioner Points

The prepared ternary nanocomposite showed effective results in dye degradation and satisfactory antibacterial property.
The concentration of methylene dye has decreased considerably in every degradation process which was accessed through UV‐vis studies.
The highest degradation by using the ternary nanocomposite archived at pH = 6
Appreciable antibacterial activity was achieved against a few Gram‐positive strains and Gram‐negative strains of bacteria.
This research activity can open a broad area of research towards textile dye degradation and antibacterial studies.
The Masterly Perspective and Design of Bramante’s “Mirabile Artificio” in Milan
Authors: Buratti Giorgio , Mele Giampiero , Rossi Michela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the Bramante’s church of Santa Maria Presso San Satiro, a successful integration between architecture and perspective solves the lack of space for the choir building. The surprising effectiveness of the trick that simulates a choir depth comparable to the transept’s length was a “Mirabile artificio”. Just because of the perceived room, historians tied the church to the debate on the central plan and the development of the building of San Pietro in Rome. The present research elaborated an accurate laser scanner architectural survey and subsequent digital modeling to find perspective variables and verify the original design concept. 3D reconstruction of virtual architecture unveils the point of view of the simulation, confirming the common hypothesis about architecture, despite the different point of view. The digital model highlights metric evidence, which leads to a vantage point that collimates fake choir in nave perspective, identifying the “Mirabile artificio” as a case of anamorphosis.
The Faber–Krahn inequality for the short-time Fourier transform
Authors: Nicola Fabio , Tilli Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we solve an open problem concerning the characterization of those measurable sets $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

Ω
⊂

R

2
d

that, among all sets having a prescribed Lebesgue measure, can trap the largest possible energy fraction in time-frequency space, where the energy density of a generic function $$f\in L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

f
∈

L
2

(

R

d

)

is defined in terms of its Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) $${\mathcal {V}}f(x,\omega )$$

V
f
(
x
,
ω
)

, with Gaussian window. More precisely, given a measurable set $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

Ω
⊂

R

2
d

having measure $$s> 0$$

s
>
0

, we prove that the quantity $$\begin{aligned} \Phi _\Omega =\max \Big \{\int _\Omega |{\mathcal {V}}f(x,\omega )|^2\,dxd\omega : f\in L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d),\ \Vert f\Vert _{L^2}=1\Big \}, \end{aligned}$$

Φ
Ω

=
max

{

∫
Ω

|
V
f

(
x
,
ω
)

|

2

d
x
d
ω
:
f
∈

L
2

(

R

d

)

,

‖
f
‖

L
2

=
1

}

,

is largest possible if and only if $$\Omega $$
Ω
is equivalent, up to a negligible set, to a ball of measure s, and in this case we characterize all functions f that achieve equality. This result leads to a sharp uncertainty principle for the “essential support” of the STFT (when $$d=1$$

d
=
1

, this can be summarized by the optimal bound $$\Phi _\Omega \le 1-e^{-|\Omega |}$$

Φ
Ω

≤
1
-

e

-
|
Ω
|

, with equality if and only if $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a ball). Our approach, using techniques from measure theory after suitably rephrasing the problem in the Fock space, also leads to a local version of Lieb’s uncertainty inequality for the STFT in $$L^p$$

L
p

when $$p\in [2,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)

, as well as to $$L^p$$

L
p

-concentration estimates when $$p\in [1,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
)

, thus proving a related conjecture. In all cases we identify the corresponding extremals.
Temporal Trends in the Investigation, Management and Outcomes of Acute Appendicitis over 15 Years in the North of England: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhaskar Jared , McLean Ross C. , Bhaskar Keir , Brown Leo R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 8.6% for males and 6.7% for females. Despite the frequency of presentation, considerable variation in clinical practice exists. Our study aimed to explore temporal trends in the investigation, treatment and outcomes for patients with appendicitis between 2002 and 2016.MethodsData collected included all patients aged ≥16 years across the NHS trusts in Northern England between 01/01/2002 and 31/12/2016 diagnosed with appendicitis. Patient demographics, co‐morbidity and management strategies were included. Outcomes of interest were length of stay and inpatient mortality.ResultsOver a 15 years period, 22,137 patients were admitted with acute appendicitis. A consistent male preponderance (n = 11,952, 54%) was observed, and median age increased over time (2002–2006: 36.4 vs. 2012–2016: 39.5, p < 0.001). Comorbidity of patients also increased (p < 0.001) in recent years. Computed tomography (CT) use increased from 0.8 to 21.9% (p < 0.001) over the study period. Following CT scanning, there was a longer time to theatre (1.22 vs. 0.70 days, p < 0.001), and patients were more frequently managed non‐operatively (23.8% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). The utilisation of laparoscopic approaches significantly increased from 4.1 to 70.4% (p < 0.001). Laparoscopic patients had a shorter median length of stay (2.97 days) when compared with open surgery (4.44 days) or non‐operative (6.19 days) patients. The 30‐day mortality rate was 0.33% overall and decreased with time (p = 0.004).ConclusionsCT and laparoscopic surgery are increasingly utilised in the management of appendicitis. Along with other advances in clinical practice, they have led to reduced lengths of stay and mortality.
Is ultra-hypo-fractionated radiotherapy more cost-effective relative to conventional fractionation in treatment of prostate cancer? A cost–utility analysis alongside a randomized HYPO-RT-PC trial
Authors: Sun Sun , Jonsson Håkan , Salén Klas-Göran , Andén Mats , Beckman Lars , Fransson Per 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Economic evidence for comparing low fraction with ultra-hypo fractionated (UHF) radiation therapy in the treatment of intermediate-to-high-risk prostate cancer (PC) is lacking, especially in Europe. This study presents an economic evaluation performed alongside an ongoing clinical trial.

Aim
To investigate up to 6 years’ follow-up whether conventional fractionation (CF, 78.0 Gy in 39 fractions, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) is more cost-effective than UHF (42.7 Gy in 7 fractions, 3 days per week for 2.5 weeks inclusive of 2 weekends) radiotherapy in treatment for patients with intermediate-to-high-risk PC.

Method
HYPO-RT-PC trial is an open-label, randomized, multicenter (10 in Sweden; 2 in Denmark) phase-3 trial. Patients from Sweden (CF 434; UHF 445) were included in this study. The trial database was linked to the National Patient Registry (NPR). Costs for inpatient/non-primary outpatient care for each episode were retrieved. For calculating Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was mapped to the EQ-5D-3L index. Multivariable regression analyses were used to compare the difference in costs and QALYs, adjusting for age and baseline costs, and health status. The confidence interval for the difference in costs, QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated by the bootstrap percentile method.

Results
No significant differences were found in ICER between the two arms after 6 years of follow-up.

Conclusion
The current study did not support that the ultra-hypo-fractionated treatment was more cost-effective than the conventional fraction treatment up to the sixth year of the trial.
Subclinical myocardial dysfunction is revealed by speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Trujillano Laura , Ayerza-Casas Ariadna , Puisac Beatriz , García Gonzalo González , Ascaso Ángela , Latorre-Pellicer Ana , Arnedo María , Lucia-Campos Cristina , Gil-Salvador Marta , Kaiser Frank J. , Ramos Feliciano J. , Pié Juan , Bueno-Lozano Gloria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study assesses a possible cardiac dysfunction in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) without diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD) and its association with other factors. Twenty patients and 20 controls were included in the study divided into three age-dependent groups (A: < 10 yrs, B: 10–20 yrs, C: > 20 yrs), and were evaluated using conventional echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging (TDI), two-dimensional speckle tracking and genetic and biochemical analyses. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) was altered (< 15.9%) in 55% of patients, being pathological in the older group (A: 19.7 ± 6.6; B: -17.2 ± 4.7; C: -13.6 ± 2.9). The speckle tracking technique revealed a downward trend in the values of strain, strain rate and velocity, especially in the oldest group. Likewise, the ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVFS) values, although preserved, also showed a decreased with age (p < 0.05). The analytical markers of cardiovascular risk and cardiac function showed no alterations. The molecular analyses revealed 16 individuals carrying pathogenic variants in NIPBL, two with variants in SMC1A, one with a variant in RAD21 and one with a HDAC8 variant. This is the first systematic approach that demonstrates that individuals with CdLS may present early cardiomyopathy, which can be detected by speckle tracking technique even before the appearance of clinical symptoms and the alteration of other echocardiographic or analytical parameters. For all these reasons, cardiological followup is suggested even in the absence of CHD, especially from adolescence onwards.