bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching underserved people during the pandemic
Authors: Taylor Jennifer , Behrens Sandra , Donahue Ronald 
Published: May 2022

Background: As the COVID-19 crisis evolved, many emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and community paramedics (CPs) were already positioned to engage with both the community and the health system. Aim: This project, based in Indiana, USA, aimed to provide resources for EMTs and CPs to build knowledge and skills necessary to use promising practices related to COVID-19 and provide culturally competent care using telehealth to improve access to care for underserved populations during the pandemic. Methods: Between May 2020 and April 2021, EMT and CP participants completed a retrospective pre-test and post-test assessing self-efficacy around best practices related to COVID-19 and culturally competent care using telehealth. Findings: Forty-nine EMTs and CPs completed the project and results demonstrate a significant (P<0.05) improvement in self-reported level of preparedness to demonstrate best practices related to COVID-19 culturally competent care using telehealth. Conclusion: The project identified a potentially effective strategy for increasing practitioner self-efficacy, resulting in a more effective system for caring for vulnerable individuals during a pandemic.
The efficacy of the HEART score in prehospital settings
Authors: Jones Charles , Lightowler Bryan 
Published: May 2022

Background:HEART scores are a well-validated tool used to risk stratify patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Currently, no triage or risk stratification tool is available in the UK prehospital arena.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was carried out to determine the effectiveness of HEART score use by paramedics in the prehospital environment.Findings:Prehospital HEART scores completed by paramedics appear to have a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting major adverse cardiac events. The use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays or a prehospital modified HEART Pathway may allow patients to be triaged based on a single point-of-care (POC) cardiac troponin test. As POC devices improve, this is likely to increase the accuracy of paramedic HEART scores. Additionally, there are some differences between HEART scores calculated by doctors and paramedics.Conclusion:The use of HEART scores prehospitally has the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, issues remain over the accuracy of POC devices and with paramedic interpretation of electrocardiograms and cardiac history-taking. Furthermore, the lack of POC testing in current UK paramedic scopes of practice raises questions over the practicality of introducing HEART scores, which would rely on POC testing.
Cambios urbanos en el territorio fortificado del Caribe, Agustín Crame 1777-1779: Georreferenciación de mapas. Exposición virtual
Authors: Arcos Martínez Nelly 
Published: May 2022

Se presenta de forma virtual, la exposición de planos georreferenciados basados en los mapas que realizó el ingeniero militar Agustín Crame en su encargo como Visitador de las Fortificaciones de América en el siglo XVIII. La idea es mostrar una pequeña síntesis de los cambios urbanos más visibles, que se observan en algunos territorios del Caribe a partir de la georreferenciación de los mapas.
Una parte fundamental de esta investigación, ha sido la combinación de técnicas de investigación tradicionales de archivo y los recursos de internet que han sido fundamentales para determinar las transformaciones urbanas y sobre todo han sido claves para abarcar un área geográfica tan extensa como lo es la franja costera del Caribe.
Beyond witches, mothers or wives
Authors: Abulí Federico Ivettte 
Published: May 2022

This paper examines how Manga can be used to counter mainstream historical narratives, taking Fumiyo Kōno’s In This Corner of the World as an example. The first half of the article addresses the connection between feminist historiography and power in a poststructuralist framework. Then, the focus turns towards the Manga to highlight some parallelisms between Kōno’s narrative and feminist history writing. Two main questions are examined: how she depicts womanhood, as well as the political connotations of setting the plot in Hiroshima during World War II.
Keywords: feminism, historiography, Manga, womanhood, memory.
Etiology of meningitis among adults in three quaternary hospitals in Mozambique, 2016–2017: The role of HIV
Authors: Nhantumbo Aquino Albino , Comé Charlotte Elizabeth , Maholela Plácida Iliany , Munguambe Alcides Moniz , Costa Paulino da , Mott Mariana , Cunha Gabriella Rosa , Chambal Lúcia , Dias Cícero , Cantarelli Vlademir Vicente , Gudo Eduardo Samo 
Published: May 2022

Background
Meningitis remains an important cause of morbi-mortality in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the etiological investigation of meningitis in adults in Mozambique is limited and most studies were conducted in southern Mozambique. Identification of the etiology of meningitis in adults are crucial to guide prevention and treatments strategies. In this study, we determine the burden of fungal and bacterial meningitis among adults at the three largest hospitals in Mozambique.

Method
We performed analysis of data from the routine sentinel surveillance system for meningitis in Mozambique from January 2016 to December 2017. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from eligible adults (≥18 years old) who met World Health Organization (WHO) case definition criteria for Meningitis. All samples were tested by cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA), culture and triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and all patients were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the national algorithm for HIV testing.

Results
Retrospective analysis of 1501 CSF samples from adults clinically suspected of meningitis revealed that 10.5% (158/1501) were positive for bacterial and fungal meningitis. Of these 158 confirmed cases, the proportion of Cryptococcal meningitis and pneumococcal meningitis was38.6% (95% CI: 31.0% to 46.7%) and 36.7% (95% CI: 29.2% to 44.7%), respectively. The other bacterial agents of meningitis identified include Neisseria meningitidis (8.9%; 14/158), Escherichia coli (6.3%; 10/158), Haemophilus influenzae (5.1%; 8/158) and S. aureus (4.4%; 7/158), which represent (24.7%; 39/158) of the total confirmed cases.

Conclusion
Altogether, our findings show a high burden of Cryptococcal meningitis among adults in Mozambique, especially in people living with HIV, followed by pneumococcal meningitis. Our findings suggest that rollout of CrAg Lateral Flow Assay in the health system in Mozambique for early detection of cryptococcus neoformans is necessary to improve overall patient care.
Dynamics of thoracic endometriosis in the pleural cavity
Authors: Ochi Takahiro , Kurihara Masatoshi , Tsuboshima Kenji , Nonaka Yuto , Kumasaka Toshio 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax is a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis. Diaphragmatic endometriosis is well-studied, but visceral and/or parietal pleural lesions are not. Although surgery is an effective treatment, postoperative recurrence rates are unsatisfactory probably due to inadequate understanding of underlying pathophysiology. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of thoracic endometriosis.MethodsIn total, 160 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery from a single institution with histopathologically proven thoracic endometriosis from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes were assessed retrospectively.ResultsThe cohort median age was 41 (range 22–53) years. Pneumothorax was right-sided in 159 (99.4%) and left-sided in only 1 (0.6%) case. Visceral and parietal pleural lesions were diagnosed in 79 (49.4%) and 71 (44.4%) patients, respectively. In total, 104 visceral pleural lesions and 101 parietal pleural lesions were detected. The S4region and the dorsal 6thintercostal space contained the largest number of visceral pleural (66 lesions) and parietal pleural lesions (25 lesions), respectively. Histopathological evaluation revealed endometriotic tissues, existing in the outer external elastic layer in all lesions, were localized or invaded deeply. The median follow-up period was 370 (range, 6–1824) days. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that the 1- and 2-year postoperative recurrence rates were 13.8% and 19.3%, respectively.ConclusionsVisceral pleural endometriotic lesions may be disseminated from the visceral pleural surface and infiltrate into the pleura. Intraoperatively, careful observation of the specific sites, such as the visceral pleura of S4and the parietal pleura of 6thintercostal space, is important to reduce postoperative recurrence.
Transmettre l’enquête de terrain par l’épreuve
Authors: Davault Corinne , Leblon Anaïs 
Published: May 2022

Ce double numéro d’Émulations. Revue de sciences sociales invite à construire nos pratiques pédagogiques de formation à l’enquête de terrain comme objet de recherche. L’originalité des contributions réunies ici est de proposer des récits d’expériences singulières de cet enseignement dans une pluralité de situations : des stages de terrain à partir d’enquêtes collectives, des enseignements en salle de classe dans des cursus de sciences sociales ou bien encore des formations à l’enquête dans des écoles professionnelles. Malgré cette diversité, les douze articles, décrivent tous des pratiques d’enseignement et d’apprentissage collectives et réflexives. Ils reviennent sur la construction d’espaces de prises de paroles étudiantes à partir desquels s’invente un enseignement inductif. Ce numéro interroge aussi les effets des réformes sur les manières d’enseigner l’enquête en sciences sociales que ce soit à travers le prisme d’un changement de maquette dans un cursus académique ou celui de l’universitarisation des formations professionnelles. En prenant parfois le risque de dévoiler les difficultés et limites de leur enseignement, ces contributions affirment l’intérêt pédagogique et heuristique de ce type de formation et participent à réarticuler recherche et enseignement.
La possibilité d’une surprise
Authors: Adell Nicolas , Charlier Zeineddine Laurence , Courduriès Jérôme , Gabail Laurent , Legrain Laurent 
Published: May 2022

Depuis 2016, le département d’anthropologie de l’université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès organise un « terrain collectif » à l’intention des étudiant·e·s qui entrent dans leur première année de master. L’article décrit ce dispositif d’enseignement de la méthode ethnographique et interroge la possibilité de transformer ses biais en outils pédagogiques. Il souligne notamment la progressive relégation des questions de posture réflexive et de centration sur soi – première préoccupation des étudiant·e·s – au profit d’une plus grande attention aux énigmes posées par le terrain. Il décrit et analyse les séances quotidiennes de débriefing qui imposent un rythme soutenu d’immersion dans les réalités des interlocuteur·rice·s rencontré·e·s et de détachement par rapport aux données générées. Une tension est produite. Elle est à l’épicentre de la démarche ethnographique. Cette tension se mue parfois en crise, dont nous donnons quelques constituants que nous mettons en perspective pour montrer que les questions posées par ce petit terrain concentré et collectif ne sont pas si éloignées de celles qui structurent le grand terrain.
Enseigner l’enquête en contexte révolutionnaire
Authors: Casciarri Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Le Département de Sociologie et d’Anthropologie Sociale de l’Université de Khartoum (Soudan) a une longue tradition d’encadrement à l’enquête de terrain des étudiants en premier cycle. Le premier stage de terrain après la révolution soudanaise de 2018-2019 a été centré sur l’action menée par les « comités de résistance », issus de ce processus de changement, dans divers quartiers du Grand Khartoum. Cet article se base sur mon expérience lorsqu’en février 2020 j’ai accompagné sur une journée le groupe d’enseignants et d’étudiants impliqués dans le stage. Il décrit et analyse les objets, les situations et les biais inédits qui ont émergé dans ce moment didactique. Il ouvre une réflexion sur les enjeux de la formation à l’enquête en contexte révolutionnaire ainsi que sur le rôle de l’engagement, de l’émotion et de l’expérience partagée sur un terrain connu qui vient d’être profondément bouleversé et « libéré ».
Enseigner l’enquête de terrain à partir d’archives d’enquêtes par entretiens
Authors: Garcia Guillaume , Bendjaballah Selma , Vandenbunder Jérémie 
Published: May 2022

Cet article questionne l’usage d’archives d’enquêtes qualitatives au soutien de l’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain en sociologie et science politique, en restituant une expérience accumulée depuis 2013 : la mobilisation de matériaux proposés par la plateforme beQuali (« Banque d’enquêtes qualitatives ») du Centre de données sociopolitiques (CDSP, UMS 828 Sciences Po-CNRS) pour des enseignements de « méthodologie qualitative » (réalisation d’entretiens et d’observations, analyse de transcriptions d’entretiens). BeQuali met à disposition des usagers académiques non seulement des matériaux de recherche (entretiens semi-directifs, non directifs, collectifs, observations, etc.), mais aussi une vaste documentation associée qui permet de resituer les enjeux scientifiques et méthodologiques propres à chaque enquête. Nous proposons un retour sur notre propre expérience en la matière à partir des archives de certaines de ces enquêtes. Nous présentons plusieurs modules pédagogiques que nous avons animés ces dernières années à Sciences Po Paris et à l’université Paris 2, et interrogeons les potentialités et les limites d’une telle démarche. Quatre enjeux majeurs de l’enseignement des méthodes sont développés : préparer au mieux les étudiants à la réalisation d’un terrain ; soutenir l’apprentissage de la réflexivité ; acclimater à la mise à distance de l’engagement émotionnel ; aborder pleinement les enjeux pratiques de l’analyse des matériaux.
National belonging and citizenship in an era of globalization and transnational migration: Korean migrant youth in the United States
Authors: Lee Hakyoon , An Sohyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In an era of transnational migration, growing numbers of students who migrate and live transnationally are entering US schools. However, there has been little research exploring the transnationalism of diverse groups of migrant students and their construction of belonging, citizenship, and identity. To address this gap, this article examines Korean migrant youth’s transnationalism and their sensemaking of national, cultural, linguistic belonging. In addition, the investigation encompasses the intragroup diversities among the Korean migrant students and the ways that their distinctive immigrant histories, educational trajectories, and language use impact their construction of identities. The findings indicate diverse conceptualizations of national belonging and citizenship held by contemporary migrant youth, varied levels of transnationalism, and a scarcity of teaching and learning about the changing nature of citizenship in school. This study suggests that migrant youth can be a great resource for learning about globalization and its impact on people’s lives and identities.
On the traditions and trends of ethnosemiotics in China: an interview with Prof. Hongwei Jia
Authors: Ge Xiulan , Jia Hongwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Charles Sanders Peirce highlights that “the entire world is perfused with signs.” That is, nothing can exist without signs. Ethnology is no exception in this light. Up to now, ethnology has not been exhaustively examined in terms of semiotics, nor has it combined with semiotics effectively and efficiently in China, with its multiple ethnic groups and multi-millenary tradition of knowledge. To promote the further development of ethnology in China in terms of semiotics, as well as the development of Chinese ethnosemiotics at the embryonic stage, I conducted an interview with Prof. Hongwei Jia, a semiotician based at Capital Normal University in Beijing and meanwhile serving as the founding Director of the Center for Semiotics and Cultural Studies at Shinawatra University in Bangkok. This interview focuses on the relationship between ethnology and semiotics, as well as the origin, application, and development of ethnosemiotics in China, in order to inspire further related research and promote the future development of this area.
Patched quilt: the thematic pattern in Alice Walker’s womanist writings
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Shen Yiran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The womanist thinking initiated by Alice Walker not only represents her philosophical stance, but also imbues her literary writings with womanist characteristics. The pursuit of “the survival and wholeness of entire people” is the essence of Walker’s womanism, which permeates all of her writings so that her literary production demonstrates a unique artistic style with aesthetic implications. The patched quilt, known as a symbol of the artistic form of Walker’s womanist writings, is featured with the achievements of a whole by means of a fragmented and patched form. It also embodies the thematic structure in Walker’s writings which is presented in a clearly outlined pattern of “fragmented–piecing–wholeness.” By exploring the themes that constitute the thematic pattern in Walker’s writings, this paper points out that the fragmented–piecing–wholeness structure of womanist themes conveys hope for those who are oppressed by sexism and racism and those who are uncertain of their own destiny. Alice Walker has succeeded in combining her ideological content with artistic forms, and her womanist writings have not only enhanced the value of the culture of American blacks, but have also enriched literary ways of expression.
The groups 𝐺 satisfying a functional equation 𝑓(𝑥𝑘) = 𝑥𝑓(𝑥) for some 𝑘 ∈ 𝐺
Authors: Bernhardt Dominik , Boykett Tim , Devillers Alice , Flake Johannes , Glasby Stephen P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the groups 𝐺 with the curious property that there exists an element

k
∈
G

k\in G

and a function

f
:

G
→
G

f\colon G\to G

such that

f
⁢

(

x
⁢
k

)

=

x
⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

f(xk)=xf(x)

holds for all

x
∈
G

x\in G

.
This property arose from the study of near-rings and input-output automata on groups.
We call a group with this property a 𝐽-group.
Finite 𝐽-groups must have odd order, and hence are solvable.
We prove that every finite nilpotent group of odd order is a 𝐽-group if its nilpotency class 𝑐 satisfies

c
⩽
6

c\leqslant 6

.
If 𝐺 is a finite 𝑝-group, with

p
>
2

p>2

and

p
2

>

2
⁢
c

-
1

p^{2}>2c-1

, then we prove that 𝐺 is 𝐽-group.
Finally, if

p
>
2

p>2

and 𝐺 is a regular 𝑝-group or, more generally, a power-closed one (i.e., in each section and for each

m
⩾
1

m\geqslant 1

, the subset of

p
m

p^{m}

-th powers is a subgroup), then we prove that 𝐺 is a 𝐽-group.
Variations in uterine closure technique: an institutional survey of obstetricians and implications for patient counseling and prevention of adverse sequelae
Authors: Antoine Clarel , Alexander Jameshisa S. , Yaghoubian Yasaman C. , Harary Joyce M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the diversity of uterine closure techniques (UCTs) among providers in one institution and evaluate concurrent consideration of adverse outcomes for patient counseling, provisional care, and prevention.

Methods
Forty-four obstetricians at NYU Langone Health were emailed a survey of their uterine closure technique, patient counseling, and practice experience. Results were stratified by years of practice: ≤5, 5–20, and 20–40 years.

Results
Thirty-nine obstetricians (88.6%) completed the survey. Among those, a blunt uterine opening was preferred by 29 (74.4%), and a mid-lower segment location was favored by 34 (87.2%). At uterine closure, the endometrium was included by 20 (51.3%), with half a centimeter or more incorporated in the myometrial closure, whereas 15 (38.5%) did not factor in the endometrium’s presence. Closure duration varied from 1 to 20 min, with 21 (53.9%) lasting 1–5 min and 12 (30.8%) lasting 5–10 min. All physicians were familiar with the potential post-cesarean complications and counseled their patients accordingly; 25 (64.1%) at the first post-op visit while 14 (35.9%) did so before the next conception. Practitioners with fewer years in practice endorsed the safety of up to five consecutive cesarean births, while those with more experience approved up to ten. Thirty-two obstetricians (82.1%) stated that the risk of abnormal placentation is exclusively associated with the number of cesarean sections, whereas five (12.8%) senior obstetricians asserted that individual surgical techniques are most impactful.

Conclusions
The survey illustrates that various UCTs are performed irrespective of potential adverse sequelae and without consideration for subsequent patient counseling and care. Ongoing research must study the impact of UCT on scar healing to formulate preventive strategies for post-cesarean complications.
Status and ecology of forest ungulates in the Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon
Authors: Amin Rajan , Wacher Tim , Fankem Oliver , Gilbert Oum Ndjock , Ndimbe Malenoh Sewuh , Fowler Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ungulates have undergone major declines in Central and West African forests as a result of bushmeat trade and habitat loss. Monitoring forest ungulate status is a critical conservation need. We undertook a systematic camera-trap survey of the 5260 km2 Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon’s largest protected area. We deployed cameras at 305 sites in eight grids across the reserve over 28,277 camera-trap days. We recorded 30,601 independent detections of 12 species of forest ungulate. The blue and Peters’ duikers were the most abundant, accounting for 82% of all ungulate detections, both with occupancy >85% in all survey grids. The black-fronted duiker was relatively widespread but rare. The white-bellied duiker and water chevrotain were found mostly in the southern part of the reserve. There were very few detections of sitatunga, forest buffalo and bongo. Our results suggest ecological partitioning among the more abundant duikers based on activity pattern and body size. The reserve faces many pressures including illegal subsistence and commercial hunting. Community surveillance and partnerships, with improved law enforcement are among measures being implemented by the Cameroon government to enhance security and ensure retention of the reserve’s World Heritage status.
Application of melanin as biological functional material in composite film field
Authors: Liu Linlin , Xu Hongyu , Gao Li , Zhao Yi , Wang Haibin , Shi Nan , Guo Lixiao , Liu Panpan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Melanin comes from a wide range of sources. It can be isolated and characterized from some plants, animals and microorganisms, and can also be simply polymerized by dopamine. It has many biological properties such as antioxidant, ultraviolet shielding and bacteriostasis. Based on the above characteristics, the addition of melanin to film-forming materials can improve the relevant physical properties and functional properties of the film. In this article, the structure and properties of melanin were briefly introduced, and then the advantages and related research progress of melanin as a functional filler in the field of composite film were summarized.
Digitalisierung der Produktion: Ganzheitliche Bewertung
Authors: Tomaschko Florian , Annan Kevin , Krommes Sandra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Für die Analyse, Bewertung und Kontrolle von Investitionsentscheidungen bei Erweiterungs- oder Modernisierungs-Investitionen zur Digitalisierung der Produktion fehlt ein methodisches Vorgehen. Ein dreistufiger Ansatz auf Basis geeigneter betriebswirtschaftlicher Kennzahlen wird vorgestellt und am Beispiel eines heterogenen Maschinen- und Anlagenparks für einen digitalen Schatten der Wert- und Stoffströme zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz angewandt.