bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on hospitalizations due to alcohol consumption
Authors: Rădulescu I.D. , Terpan M. , Ciubară A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionExcessive alcohol consumption is an ever-topical issue regardless of social or medical problems (pandemic). In these conditions (global medical crisis),to the problem of alcohol consumption has been added a new dimension.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations diagnosed with acute intoxication in the hospital. In Romania, the measures due to the pandemic were instituted starting with March 15 2020.MethodsThe study was performed retrospectively between 01.01.2020 - 30.09.2020 in the Psychiatric Hospital ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Galati. ICD-10 criteria were used to establish the diagnosis of the disorder.ResultsIn total, 458 cases were admitted during the period mentioned, of which 401 were male (87.56%), female 57 cases (12.44%). The average age of patients was 45.67 years ± 0.695, with minimum age of 19 years and maximum age of 93 years. The month with the most admissions was January with 80 (17.46%) March by 79 (17.25 %). The months with the fewest hospitalizations were April with 27 cases (5.89%) and July with 35 cases (7.64%).ConclusionsThe analysis of the data shows that as measures specific to the epidemic crisis were instituted, the number of hospitalizations decreased significantly by about 3 times.
An integrated addictions nursing subspecialty to expand the opioid use disorder and substance use disorder workforce
Authors: Williams K. , Selwyn C. , Elkins C. , Young S. , Pancione K. , Baker M. , Getch Y. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the U.S. approximately11.4 million misused prescription pain relievers; 2.1 million had an OUD in 2017. The Addictions Nursing Subspecialty was created to address this epidemic by expanding a workforce trained in OUD/SUD screening, treatment, and prevention. A curriculum was developed that included integrated/telehealth health care settings in medical and mental health provider shortage areas during their last nine months of training. Courses were developed and taught by aninterprofessional team of university faculty and informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery. Courses were also offered as electives for nursing, clinical-counseling, social work, and other health science disciplines emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to healthcare.ObjectivesExpand the OUD/SUD trained workforce in areas with high OUD/SUD mortality rates and high mental health provider shortages emphasizing team-based integrated care and telehealth settings.MethodsProgram curriculum was informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery using integrated care. Competencies included: Core Competencies for Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care that have been set forth by the Center for Integrated Health Solutions, telehealth competencies outlined in the recommended competencies by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), and Core Competencies for Addictions Medicine by the American Board of Addictions Medicine.ResultsApproximately 11 students enrolled in courses received additions integrated/telehealth health care settings. Students responded positively to evaluations regarding timely feedback, unique approach (i.e. intrative content, short videos and discussions).ConclusionsThe Addictions Nursing subspecialty will continue to be offered allowing enrollment for nurses twice a year.
The concept of motivation and its implication in additive disorders
Authors: Medeiros A.B. , Teixeira J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe word motivation derives from the Latin movere, which means to move. In psychiatry, it is an isolated phenomenon found in the substrate of several pathologies, and may be part of an heterogeneous dimensional spectrum. However, there is no unique definition for it, nor a targeted approach. In addictive disorders motivation gains a fundamental role, both as a precipitant of abuse as in its withdrawal.ObjectivesTo review the literature about the concept of motivation and its implications on the psychopathology, especially on addictive disorders.MethodsNarrative review on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords “motivation” AND “psychopatology” AND “addiction”. Articles in English and Portuguese were included.ResultsThree main perspectives were found addressing the concept of motivation in psychopathological terms: psychological, neurobiological and phenomenological. The first describes motivation as the energizing of behaviour in pursuit of a goal. Neurobiology says motivational drive is dependent on the concentration of extrasynaptic dopamine. In phenomenological terms, the concept stands for the web of solicitations that make a certain situation feel in a certain way for the subject. In addictive disorders, learning about what leads to reward, exaggeration in representing those values, and dominance in being guided by those representations lead to alterations on motivation mechanisms.ConclusionsMotivation is described from different perspectives. Although it is recognized as a fundamental piece in addictive disorders, besides motivational interview model, there are no pharmacological approaches aimed to improving motivation. The recognition of motivation as a concrete psychopathological alteration, and its measure through psychopathological instruments, could optimize the patient’s approach.
Promoting physical distancing and not social distancing: When the words matter
Authors: Wasserman D. 
Published: February 2022

As COVID-19 began to plague the world, the term ‘social distancing’ was frequently used, encouraging people to keep a safe physical distance from others to reduce the transmission of the virus. Despite being well-intended, the term has negative implications, further isolating vulnerable groups in society by evoking feelings of rejection and exclusion. For this reason, the members of the European Psychiatric Association Ethics Committee wrote an e-letter in response to an opinion piece published by Science (https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6484/1282/tab-e-letters), and also wrote to the European Psychiatry (https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.60) and the World Health Organisation explaining why the term ‘physical distancing’ should instead be used among policymakers, governments and the general public. Words are important and carry great meaning. Therefore, by using the term physical distancing and not social distancing the message becomes clear, individuals should remain physically distant but socially connected to protect the vulnerable communities in societies. The World Health Organisation, as well as the Lancet journals, adopting the term physical distancing in replacement of social distancing, was a rewarding and important step in the right direction.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicidal behaviour and cognition: A systematic review with special focus on prefrontal deficits
Authors: Fernández-Sevillano J. , González-Pinto A. , Rodríguez-Revuelta J. , Alberich-Mesa S. , González-Blanco L. , Zorrilla-Martínez I. , Velasco Á. , López-Pena P. , Abad-Acebedo I. , Saiz P.A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicidal behaviour and cognition: A systematic review with special focus on prefrontal deficits Introduction: Suicide is a major health concern worldwide, thus, identifying risk factors would enable a more comprehensive understanding and prevention of this behaviour. Neuropsychological alterations could lead to difficulties in interpreting and managing life events resulting in a higher risk of suicide.ObjectivesObjective: Bibliographic review about the influence of neuropsychological deficits on suicidal behaviour.MethodsMethod: A systematic literature search from 2000 to 2020 was performed in Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science, SciELO Citation Index, PsycInfo, PsycArticles and Cochrane Library databases regarding studies comparing cognition of attempters versus non-attempters that share same psychiatric diagnosis. Results: 1.885 patients diagnosed with an Affective Disorder (n = 1512) and Schizophrenia/ Schizoaffective Disorder (n = 373) were included.ResultsIn general comparison, attention was found to be clearly dysfunctional. Regarding diagnosis, patients with Schizophrenia and previous history of suicidal behaviour showed a poorer performance in executive function. Patients with current symptoms of an Affective Disorder and a previous history of suicidal attempt had poorer performance in attention and executive function. Similarly, euthymic affective patients with history of suicidal behaviour had worse decision-making, attention and executive function performance compared to euthymic non-attempters.ConclusionsPatients who have attempted suicide have a poorer neuropsychological functioning than non-attempters with a similar psychiatric disorder in attention and executive function. These alterations increase vulnerability for suicide.Conflict of interestJessica Fernández-Sevillano is beneficiary of the Pre-PhD Training Programme of the Basque Government. Dr. Gonzalez-Pinto has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Almirall, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers
Prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students at a university in Brazil
Authors: Prata T. , Calcides D. , Vasconcelhos E. , Carvalho A. , De Melo E. , Costa E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPersonal and environmental factors may contribute to psychological distress in medical students. As a result, they are more susceptible to suicidal ideation, a serious public health problem.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence and recognize associated factors of Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt among medical students at the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with randomly selected students between April and June 2019. A structured online questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, educational process, and the current psych emotional experiences, besides Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), which detects the presence of suicidal ideation, were applied. Statistical evaluation was performed with descriptive analysis and logistic regression for the evaluation of multiple variables.ResultsThe study included 133 students, with an average age of 22.9±3.5 and 51,9% were male. Among this sample, 27,1% had suicidal ideation. The frequency is higher in those students who family income <10 minimum wages (OR=3.47) and who were not satisfied with the course (OR=3.52). Furthermore, the frequency of suicide attempt was 15.8%. It was higher among those who claimed to use a doctor-prescribed psychopharmaceutical (OR=10.46) and who lost some discipline in the course (OR=8.17). Ideation and attempt were significantly associated (p<0.001).ConclusionsFrequency of suicidal ideation was high, associated with dissatisfaction related to the educational process, as well as lower family income. History of attempted suicide was also frequent and associated with ideation. Intervention and prevention measures are required.
Essential information on genetic testing methods that each clinician needs to know/understand
Authors: Coviello D. , Bizzarri V. , Nobili L. , Amore M. , Tammimies K. 
Published: February 2022

Genetic testing is well established in many areas of clinical medicine, is increasingly used in clinical psychiatry and it becomes increasingly important to understand the scope and limitations of the different genetic tests applied. The recommended genetic work-up of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorders) includes conventional karyotyping (low resolution) able to detect chromosomal rearrangement and structural variants (>5Mb, 5 million-bp), testing for fragile X-Syndrome, screening for deletions and duplications down to 20 Kb by Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (CGH), able to detect Copy Number Variation (CNVs; gain or loss of genetic material compared to the reference genome). Sanger sequencing is used for mapping of single base pair genetic variants in single genes but unable to identify deletions or duplications. The more advanced Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) have enabled to detect variants in panels of 10-100 (or more) genes, or in all coding regions using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES; 23.000 genes). Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis enables also the detection of all size range and types of genetic variation including CNVs, trinucleotide repeats and translocations. All this led to an impressive change in interpreting genomic variants that need to be strictly linked to clinical information before it can be used by clinicians to improve diagnosis or care. Bioinformatic tools to annotate variants, predict their effects and select the genes and genomic regions of interest are needed to guide the clinical work followed with careful evaluation of the prioritized variants based on the clinical knowledge (https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA17130/#tabs|Name:overview).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Tobacco smoking in non-psychotic patients with suicidal ideation
Authors: Zinchuk M. , Kustov G. , Beghi M. , Pashnin E. , Yakovlev A. , Avedisova A. , Guekht A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTobacco smoking (TS) is a major public health concern worldwide because of its association with a number of unfavorable health-related outcomes. According to recent studies TS negatively affects both physical and mental health. Suicidal ideation (SI) is more prevalent in people with mental disorders than in the general population. Factors associated with the transition from SI to suicide attempt (SA) should be detected to prevent suicide in this high-risk population.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of tobacco smoking on risk of lifetime suicide plan (SP), SA and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in patients with nonpsychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and SI.MethodsFour hundred and 78 consecutive patients with NPMD and SI were included into the study. All patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist, underwent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behavior Interview as well as semi-structured interview designed to gather information on demographic and biographical features. Mann-Whitney, Fishers exact test, chi-square test and stepwise logistic regression were used as statistical methods.ResultsThree hundred and 24 (67.8%) patients have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their entire life. No differences were found between smokers and non-smokers in terms of age, gender, educational and occupational statuses as well as age at onset of self-injurious thoughts and behavior, and total number of SP, SA and NSSI (all: p>0.05). The lifetime smokers were at higher risk of SA (OR=2.379; 95% CI 1.58-3.581: p<0.001) and NSSI (OR=1.591; 95% CI 1.064-2.38: p=0.024).ConclusionsLifetime smoking in patients with NPMD and SI is associated with SA and NSSI.
Prevalence of suicidal behaviours and its correlates in latvian general population: 2019-2020
Authors: Vinogradova V.V. , Kivite-Urtane A. , Vrublevska J. , Rancans E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSuicide is a challanging problem for a global public health and Latvia remains in the list of European countries with the highest rates of suicide deaths. Information about the epidemiology of suicidal behavior is required for suicide prevention strategy development.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, plan, and attempts) and associated factors in Latvian general population.MethodsComputer assisted face-to-face interviews were carried out between November 2019 and March 2020 to gather information on a representative sample of the Latvian adult population (n=2687). The study sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; version 7.0.2) was used to assess suicidality. Multinomial logistic regression was applied.ResultsThere were 1238 males (46.1%) and 1449 females (53.9%) recruited. Mean age of respondents was 49.9 (SD 18.2). According to the MINI, 10.6% (n=285) of respondents reported at least some level of suicidal behaviour during the last month before interview and 7.1% (n=191) had shown current suicidal behaviour at the moment of interview, 4.0% (n=108) of respondents reported about previous suicide attempts. Non-cohabitation status, unfinished primary education and economical inactivity were statistically significant associated factors for suicidal behaviour among men, but only lower level of education was for women.ConclusionsComprehensive national suicide prevention strategy is required for reducing suicidality in Latvia. Special attention should be paid to women with lower education, and economically inactive, unmarried or non-cohabitant men, as well as man with unfinished primary education.
How to do genetic counseling in psychiatry?
Authors: Johansson Soller M. , Moldovan R. , Ingvoldstad Malmgren C. , Cuthbert A. , Rietschel M. 
Published: February 2022

Genetic counselling has been defined as the process of helping people “understand and adapt to medical, psychosocial, and familial aspects of genetic conditions.” It can also help patients and families deal with stigma and understand the significance of possible genetic findings. Psychiatric genetic counselling (PGC) is an emerging field aimed to help people with a personal or family history of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or neuropsychiatric conditions, to understand genetic etiological mechanisms as a critical component. Counselling strategies are used to identify and adapt to psychological and familial consequences of the conditions and to reduce stigma surrounding the psychiatric illness. A recent survey showed that PGC is still not routinely offered and usually only discussed at the initiative of the patient, e.g. if they ask about the possibility of “hereditary" illness, or if a caregiver during a session for another indication, identifies the family history. If a monogenetic or chromosomal cause is identified, the genetic counselling follows a more traditional path, but if, on the other hand, the cause is complex, the counselling will not be as clearcut. It will then focus on explaining risk for disease with quite uncertain riskscores as no causative genetic change is identified. Although genetic testing most often cannot be offered and individual risk scores based on genetic markers cannot be given, there is still great value for patients and their relatives in PGC. Studies have shown that the effect of PGC is an increase of empowerment and a reduction of stigma.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Adapting the traditional case report to a biopsychosocial format
Authors: Wynn R. , Myklebust L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe medical case report (CR) is a vital and viable medical genre with a history of more than 3000 years. With a few exceptions, the CR has had a typical format that has been consistent with the ideals of brevity, conciseness, and a matter-of-fact approach. CR in general and psychiatric CR especially, may benefit from more systematically emphasising and integrating relevant biopsychosocial (BPS) aspects.ObjectivesTo discuss how to emphasise and integrate the BPS perspective in the CR.MethodsDrawing on CR literature and our own experience as CR authors, we discuss how a broader BPS approach successfully can be included in the CR format.ResultsSome central factors that could be considered when including a BPS perspective in the CR are: 1) Actively eliciting the patient’s perspective and including this in the final report. 2) Including relevant information about the life and circumstances of the patient beyond the basic demographic information. 3) Making an effort to preserve the patient’s privacy also when more BPS information is included. The psychological and social constituents of the patient’s life should be central in the BPS-inspired psychiatric CR.ConclusionsThe traditional CR has a long-standing history in medicine and follows a typial conscise and brief format. ‘Hard facts’ and biological information have typically filled most of the text. We argue that giving psychological and social information more attention would improve the quality of many CR, and that this is especially relevant for psychiatric CR.
Prevalence and correlates of depression among the trans-genders of Pakistan
Authors: Zubair U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCensus conducted by government of Pakistan in 2017 has shown that more than 10000 trans-genders live in Pakistan. HIV, illicit substance use and mental health issues including depression are the main health problems faced by this part of coummunityObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of depression among the transgender population and analyze the relationship of socio-demographic factors with depression.MethodsThe sample population comprised of one hundred and forty two transgender people of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Beck depressive inventory II (BDI-II) was used to record the presence and severity of the depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Relationship of the age, smoking, family income, illicit substance use and education was studied with the presence of depressive symptoms among these transgender population of twin cities of PakistanResultsA total of 142 transgender people were included in the final analysis. Mean age of the study participants was 39.55 ± 6.18. Out of these, 45.1% had no depressive symptoms while 31.7% had mild, 12.7% had moderate and 10.6% had severe depressive symptomatology. After applying the binary logistic regression we found that presence of depressive symptoms had significant association with illicit substance use among the target population.ConclusionsThis study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among transgender population of twin cities of Pakistan. Use of illicit substances like tobacco, cannabis, opiates and alcohol should be discouraged and those using these should be routinely screened for the presence of other mental health issues in order to timely diagnose and treat them