bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
171. DELAYED DIAGNOSIS OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN THOSE PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH FOOD BOLUS IMPACTION
Authors: Gyimah Dominic Ayi , Khan Humza , Abdalla Badr , Haboubi Hasan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Food bolus impaction can be a manifestation of chronic untreated inflammation in those with underlying eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The eosinophil predominant inflammation of the esophagus is associated with a higher prevalence of fibrosis when it remains undetected and untreated. Non-malignant food bolus impaction is strongly associated with an underlying diagnosis of EoE, but outside of gastroenterology and other esophageal interested specialists there remains poor understanding of how to diagnose and manage this condition.
We conducted a retrospective study of patients presenting to a tertiary emergency unit with esophageal food bolus impaction between November 2018 and May 2021. Electronic attendance records and the endoscopy database were examined to determine the associations between demographics, comorbidities, endoscopic findings, biopsy findings and follow up. We also evaluated the effect of the pandemic on food bolus management with statistical analysis undertaken using IBM SPSS software.
Of the 938 patients who presented to the emergency department with food bolus impaction, 83.6% were sent home with no follow up. Only 7.2% went on to have an endoscopy. In those with macroscopic evidence of inflammation, only 35.8% of patients had the correct number of biopsies taken to establish a histological cause for their symptoms. 1.6% of patients demonstrated histological evidence of EoE, of whom 80% were male and 20% female. The COVID-19 lockdown did not negatively impact access to endoscopy with mean wait time improving from 121-days prior to lockdown compared to 69-days during lockdown, p &lt; 0.01.
Our findings highlight significant shortcomings in the management of those presenting emergently with food bolus impaction and possible undiagnosed EoE. There remains a need for clear management pathways to aid risk-stratification, discharge planning and endoscopic practices in the diagnosis of EoE. We therefore propose an algorithm for food bolus management to facilitate early endoscopy, effective diagnosis, and appropriate follow-up, ensuring optimal management for patients with non-malignant dysphagia requiring emergency admission for resolution of food impaction.
214. PRE-EXISTING MESH AT THE HIATUS INCREASES MORBIDITY DURING AND AFTER REVISIONAL ANTIREFLUX SURGERY: A NATIONAL COHORT STUDY
Authors: Liu David , Goh Su Kah , Wong Darren , Stevens Sean , Aly Ahmad , Bright Tim , Watson David ,   Other PROTECTinG Antireflux Surgery Study Group
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Revisional antireflux surgery including hiatus hernia repair is increasingly common. Mesh augmented hiatal closure at the time of index operation is controversial but commonly performed. Whilst metanalysis of randomized data has demonstrated no additional benefit of routine mesh placement, it is unclear whether this practice results in harm, particularly at the time of revisional antireflux surgery. In this study, we determined whether pre-existing mesh at the hiatus increases morbidity during and after revisional antireflux surgery.
Analysis of prospectively-maintained databases and medical records of all elective revisional antireflux surgery cases in 36 hospitals across Australia over 10 years. The outcomes of patients with and without pre-existing mesh at the hiatus were compared. Study endpoints included intraoperative adverse events (bleeding, unplanned oesophago-gastric resection, open conversion, and injury to liver, pleura, oesophagus, stomach, spleen, lung, heart, major venous and arterial structures) and postoperative complications (defined by the Esophagectomy Complication Consensus Guidelines). Propensity score matched analysis was used to validated primary findings.
346 revisional cases (35 with pre-existing mesh) were analyzed. The two groups had comparable baseline characteristics. In total, 77 (22.2%) patients had 148 intraoperative adverse events. Pre-existing mesh was associated with a higher risk of intraoperative adverse events (48.6% versus 22.5%, OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.63–6.38, p = 0.002), secondary to bleeding, and injury to pleura, lung, and liver. Overall, 63 (18.2%) patients developed postoperative complications. Pre-existing mesh was associated with increased postoperative morbidity (37.1% versus 16.1%, OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.50–6.43, p = 0.005), particularly due to bleeding and respiratory complications. Importantly, pre-existing mesh independently predicted the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Pre-existing mesh at the hiatus significantly increases morbidity during and after revisional antireflux surgery. Given that revisional surgery is increasingly being performed, our findings further discourage the use of mesh around the hiatus during antireflux surgery.
281. COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY: DEVELOPMENT, CONSTRUCT VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND VERSION 2
Authors: Ketel Mirte , Eddahchouri Yassin , Klarenbeek Bastiaan ,   MIE-CAT Collaboration Group, Hannink Gerjon , Rosman Camiel , van Workum Frans 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a complex and technically demanding procedure and implementation is associated with substantial learning curves. In other complex minimally invasive procedures suboptimal surgical performance, assessed by video-based peer reviewing, has convincingly been related to less favorable patient outcomes. A validated procedure-specific competency assessment tool (CAT) for MIE could provide structured feedback to evaluate surgical performance and be used for training, safe implementation, learning curve assessment, research and to improve patient outcome.
Based on key steps from a Delphi study and validated CATs, the MIE-CAT was composed. Final content was approved by eighteen independent international MIE experts (&gt; 120 MIEs performed). These experts assessed 32 MIE videos from the same surgical team (2010–2020) with the MIE-CAT. For construct validity, videos were divided into groups based on the surgical team’s experience (novice, intermediate, advanced and expert). For reliability assessment, inter- and intra-rater reliability was determined. Based on discrepancies in MIE-CAT’s scores and a focus group, the MIE-CAT 2.0 was composed. MIE-CAT 2.0’s reliability was analyzed based on four experts assessing five videos each.
The MIE-CAT contains eight procedural phases. Per phase four quality components are scored on a 1–4 Likert scale, with a total score between [32–128]. Eighty-four assessments were used for analysis. Median MIE-CAT scores were 80 [IQR 75–94], 91 [85–107], 101 [91–106] and 101 [96–106] for respectively novice, intermediate, advanced and expert group. Intra-rater reliability of 0.75 (ICC, 95% CI 0.64–0.83) and inter-rater reliability of 0.52 (ICC, 95% CI 0.38–0.65) was observed. Expert opinions from a utility questionnaire highlighted a useful and practical feedback tool. Results from the MIE-CAT 2.0 are expected in May 2022.
The MIE-CAT was developed and validated in this study. Results indicate good reliability within observers and moderate reliability between observers. The MIE-CAT can be used for clinical, training and research purposes. Future work will focus on optimizing the MIE-CAT to increase inter-rater reliability and clinical validation by correlating MIE-CAT scores to patient outcomes.
341. SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN TREATMENT STRATEGY AND OUTCOMES AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER
Authors: Mantziari Styliani , Elliott Jessie A , Markar Sheraz R , Klevebro Fredrik , Goense Lucas , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla , Zaninotto Giovanni , van Hillegersberg Richard , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Nilsson Magnus , Hanna George B , Schäfer Markus , Reynolds John V ,   ENSURE Study Group
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Esophageal cancer predominantly occurs in men, accounting for 75–89% of patients. Chosen treatment modalities and their related toxicities among male and female esophago-gastric cancer patients show significant variabilities, but there are only scarce data on the outcomes. This multicenter study aimed to assess potential sex-related differences in treatment allocation and outcomes, i.e. long-term survival in a large cohort of esophageal cancer patients.
All consecutive patients who underwent oncological esophagectomy from 2009 to 2015 in the 20 ENSURE study group centers (NCT03461341) were included bar patients with missing data on gender, histologic type and treatment protocol. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression for gender-related differences in treatment allocation and types, such as surgical approach, neoadjuvant treatment regimen, and use of cancer-specific treatment in case of tumor recurrence. Time-to-event outcomes, such as overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were assessed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results are shown as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Overall, 3974 patients were analyzed, 3083 males (77.6%) and 891 females (22.4%). The median age was similar, whereas the histological type was adenocarcinoma in 77.5% of male and 52.2% of female patients. Gender was not predictive for neoadjuvant treatment or systemic cancer-specific therapy in case of tumor recurrence. Minimally invasive surgery was performed more frequently in male patients compared to females (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.00–1.66). In multivariate analysis, even after adjustment for age, histology, postoperative complications and treatment protocol, male patients had poorer OS (HR 1.29 95%CI 1.12–1.48), DFS (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.09–1.46) and DSS (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.15–1.56).
Patient sex was not associated with the use of systemic cancer-related treatment, although minimally invasive surgery was more frequently performed in male patients. Females had more favorable long-term overall and cancer-specific survival, even when age, histology, treatment modalities, and complications were accounted for. This sex-related prognostic difference has been previously suggested, especially for squamous cell cancer, although the precise mechanism by which gender influences esophageal cancer outcomes remains poorly understood and warrants further assessment.
Reference long-read isoform-aware transcriptomes of 4 human peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Woolley Cassandra R , Chariker Julia H , Rouchka Eric C , Ford Easton E , Hudson Elizabeth A , Waigel Sabine J , Smith Melissa L , Mitchell Thomas C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Long-read sequencing technologies such as isoform sequencing can generate highly accurate sequences of full-length mRNA transcript isoforms. Such long-read transcriptomics may be especially useful in investigations of lymphocyte functional plasticity as it relates to human health and disease. However, no long-read isoform-aware reference transcriptomes of human circulating lymphocytes are readily available despite being valuable as benchmarks in a variety of transcriptomic studies. To begin to fill this gap, we purified 4 lymphocyte populations (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK, and Pan B cells) from the peripheral blood of a healthy male donor and obtained high-quality RNA (RIN &gt; 8) for isoform sequencing and parallel RNA-Seq analyses. Many novel polyadenylated transcript isoforms, supported by both isoform sequencing and RNA-Seq data, were identified within each sample. The datasets met several metrics of high quality and have been deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE202327, GSE202328, GSE202329) as both raw and processed files to serve as long-read reference transcriptomes for future studies of human circulating lymphocytes.
Differential Associations Between the Area Deprivation Index and Measures of Physical Health for Older Black Adults
Authors: Allan Alexa C , Gamaldo Alyssa A , Wright Regina S , Aiken-Morgan Adrienne T , Lee Anna K , Allaire Jason C , Thorpe Roland J , Whitfield Keith E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the association between place-based characteristics (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation) and physical health within older Black adults, a critical gap in the literature as identified by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.MethodsThe sample was from Wave 1 data of Baltimore Study of Black Aging: Patterns of Cognitive Aging (N = 450; Mage = 68.34). Variables included the area deprivation index (ADI), objective (e.g., average blood pressure) and subjective (e.g., self-rated health) measures of physical health. Multiple linear regression models were conducted controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsParticipants reporting better self-rated health and less likely to need help with activities of daily living were significantly more likely to be living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods based on national and state ADI, respectively, even after adjusting for covariates. A significant age and ADI interaction revealed better self-rated health was associated with a more disadvantaged neighborhood particularly for individuals ≤66 years. There was no significant association between ADI and objective physical health measures.DiscussionThe findings suggest that national- and state-level place-based characteristics should be considered along with individual-level factors, which can enrich the scientific understanding of how neighborhood characteristics relate to varying health indicators among older Black adults.
Framing Effects in Older Adults’ Medical Decision-Making: Social Distance Matters
Authors: Chen Yunjiao , Xu Jie , Xing Cai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The present study sought to explore how decision making is influenced by aging, framing, and social distance in the medical domain. Based on Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, we predicted that social distance would moderate age differences of framing effects as a result of older adults’ emphasis on close partners.

Methods
Younger and middle-aged (N = 206) and older (N = 208) adults from Shanghai, China completed 2 medical decision tasks in which they were presented with different descriptions of social distance, namely deciding for close relatives or for strangers. Participants’ risk preferences were measured.

Results
The results showed that framing effects were a function of social distance in older adults. Older adults showed smaller framing effects when making decisions for strangers as their preference for the riskier option was reduced in the loss-framed condition. For younger and middle-aged adults, framing effects existed consistently regardless of social distance.

Discussion
These findings suggest that social distance moderates age differences in framing effects in medical decision-making. It also highlights a potential way to improve older adults’ medical decision-making quality: having older adults imagine as if they are making medical decisions for a stranger.
GWAS provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms of phytochemicals production and red skin colour in apple
Authors: Kumar Satish , Molloy Claire , Hunt Martin , Deng Cecilia Hong , Wiedow Claudia , Andre Christelle , Dare Andrew , McGhie Tony 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of apple phytochemicals, and their interplay with conventional selection traits, is critical for the development of new apple cultivars with enhanced health benefits. Apple accessions (n = 344) used for this genome-wide association study (GWAS) represented the wide diversity of metabolic profiles in the domesticated and wild Malus genepools. Fruit samples were phenotyped for 34 metabolites, including a stable vitamin C glycoside “ascorbic acid 2-β-glucoside” (AA-2βG), and the accessions were genotyped using the Apple 20 K SNP Array. Several fruit quality traits, including red skin over-colour (OCOL), were also assessed. Wild Malus accessions showed at least 2-fold higher average content of several metabolites (e.g. ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, and trilobatin) than Malus domestica accessions. Several new genomic regions and potential candidate genes underpinning the genetic diversity of apple phytochemicals were identified. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the best SNP ranged between 3% and 21% for the different metabolites. Novel association signals for OCOL in the syntenic regions on chromosomes 13 and 16 suggested that whole genome duplication has played a role in the evolution of apple red skin colour. Genetic correlations between phytochemicals and sensory traits were moderate. This study will assist in the selection of Malus accessions with specific phytochemical profiles to establish innovative genomics-based breeding strategies for the development of apple cultivars with enhanced nutritional value.
Linear optimal transport embedding: provable Wasserstein classification for certain rigid transformations and perturbations
Authors: Moosmüller Caroline , Cloninger Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Discriminating between distributions is an important problem in a number of scientific fields. This motivated the introduction of Linear Optimal Transportation (LOT), which embeds the space of distributions into an $L^2$-space. The transform is defined by computing the optimal transport of each distribution to a fixed reference distribution and has a number of benefits when it comes to speed of computation and to determining classification boundaries. In this paper, we characterize a number of settings in which LOT embeds families of distributions into a space in which they are linearly separable. This is true in arbitrary dimension, and for families of distributions generated through perturbations of shifts and scalings of a fixed distribution. We also prove conditions under which the $L^2$ distance of the LOT embedding between two distributions in arbitrary dimension is nearly isometric to Wasserstein-2 distance between those distributions. This is of significant computational benefit, as one must only compute $N$ optimal transport maps to define the $N^2$ pairwise distances between $N$ distributions. We demonstrate the benefits of LOT on a number of distribution classification problems.
Temperature Profiles of Sunlight-Exposed Surfaces in a Desert Climate: Determining the Risk for Pavement Burns
Authors: Chestovich Paul J , Saroukhanoff Richard Z , Moujaes Samir F , Flores Carmen E , Carroll Joseph T , Saquib Syed F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plentiful sunlight and high temperatures in desert climates cause burn injuries from contact with sun-exposed surfaces. The peak temperature, times, and surfaces of greatest risk are not well described. This work recorded temperature measurements of six materials in a desert climate. Surface temperatures of asphalt, brick, concrete, sand, porous rock, and galvanized metal were measured throughout the summer, along with ambient temperature, and sunlight intensity. Samples were placed in both shade and direct sunlight for evaluation of sunlight effect. Seventy-five thousand individual measurements were obtained from March to August 2020. Maximum recorded temperatures for sunlight-exposed porous rock were 170°F, asphalt 166°F, brick 152°F, concrete 144°F, metal 144°F, and sand 143°F, measured on August 6, 2020 at 2:10 pm, when ambient temperature was 120°F and solar irradiation 940 W/m2. Sunlight-exposed materials ranged 36 to 56°F higher than shaded materials measured at the same time. The highest daily temperatures were achieved between 2:00 and 4:00 pm due to maximum solar irradiance. Contour plots of surface temperature as a function of both solar irradiation and time of day were created for all materials tested. A computational fluid dynamics model was created to validate the data and serve as a predictive model based upon temperature and sunlight inputs. This information is useful to inform the public of the risks of contact burn due to sunlight-exposed surfaces in a desert climate.
Treatise on International Criminal Law
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
International Criminal Law and Justice is a flourishing field, with the birth of new international criminal tribunals and both accountability and investigative mechanisms, increasing and consolidated case law, and burgeoning substantive scholarship. This expansion also left its mark in the international crimes and sentencing dealt with in this new edition. The previous edition has been completely revised and updated. The new edition includes largely extended sections on sexual and gender-based crimes; detailed elaborations on the crime of aggression, including its complicated jurisdictional regime; a reference to a better protection of the environment through the introduction of a crime of ‘ecocide’; an elaboration on the nexus requirement in war crimes and asymmetrical conflicts as well as the commission of war crime against the same party; reference to the newly introduced war crimes of the ICC Statute and of the peculiarities of cyber-attacks, and more. The authors have strived to include all relevant case law up to September 2021, sometimes even beyond.
The Crime of Aggression
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the crime of aggression that was prosecuted for the first time under the title of crime against peace by the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals. The crime of aggression was then defined as planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances. In the Nuremberg Trials, to initiate a war of aggression was considered to be the supreme international crime, while before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) aggression belonged to the major war crimes. The chapter mentions the UN General Assembly (GA) that adopted a groundbreaking definition of an act of aggression in Resolution 3314 (XXIX), which served as the basis for all subsequent discussion leading up to the Kampala compromise as adopted by Art. 8bis ICC Statute. This new crime of aggression and its complicated jurisdictional provisions will be discussed in detail.
Treaty Crimes
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes a series of other crimes whose suppression is of interest to the international community and which are the objects of multilateral treaties but for which no supranational criminal jurisdiction exists. It looks at treaty-based crimes that are established by special, so-called suppression conventions, such as the UN Torture Convention, the Terrorist Bombing Convention, and the UN Drugs Conventions. There are over 200 of these conventions all dealing with very specific aspects of criminal conduct with actual or potential transboundary effect. The chapter examines relevant conventions that do not contain autonomous crimes but only oblige the State Parties to criminalize the respective conduct under their domestic penal laws. A failure of a State Party to comply with this obligation entails its responsibility under the rules of State responsibility.
Concursus Delictorum and Sentencing
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the law of concours (dealing with multiple acts and offences) that can be located in the border zones of the general rules of imputation, the crimes, and the sentencing rules. It considers the law of concours as the least developed area of international criminal law, but it is certainly not the least important one. The law of concours determine the crimes which are charged, which crimes may lead to convictions, and which crimes, ultimately, form the basis of sentencing. The sentencing regime of the ICC and other international tribunals will then be analyzed in the second part of the chapter. The sentencing principles are discussed and a five-step approach to find an adequate sentence is proposed.