bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascading trade‐off studies for robotic deburring systems
Authors: Onstein Ingrid Fjordheim , Haskins Cecilia , Semeniuta Oleksandr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvanced manufacturing technologies play an important role in keeping production in high‐cost countries. Due to their flexibility, robot‐based solutions have been one of the major enablers in establishing advanced manufacturing capabilities in the traditional high‐cost countries. This paper concerns the problem of automated deburring of cast parts. If performed manually, this operation introduces major health, safety, and environmental (HSE) concerns. As such, removal of highly variable casting burrs in the Norwegian context requires a solution based on robots, smart sensors, and advanced algorithms to tackle the problem in a flexible and cost‐effective way. Due to the complexity of the task, one is confronted with a breadth of various alternatives to choose from when realizing the desired functionality. These alternatives expand as one considers a pipeline of the subtasks involved in the process. The decisions made in each step cascade throughout the whole pipeline. To tackle the complexity while developing a robotized deburring system, a systemic approach based on cascading trade‐off studies is proposed in this paper. This paper is also a contribution to the gap in the literature for cases of trade‐off studies in the domain of mechanical engineering. The SPADE (stakeholders, problem formulation, analysis, decision making, and evaluation) methodology has been used as a framework to resolve automation of complex mechanical engineering manufacturing process decisions. The systems engineering (SE) approach proved useful to identify and prioritize the stakeholders and their needs, as well as analyzing the different alternatives in a complex engineering system when dealing with cascading trade studies.
Use of intraoperative ultrasound aiding in extraction of migrated and embedded porcupine quills in a dog
Authors: Parker Lindsay A. , Ogilvie Adam T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA dog presented for porcupine quills; the client had removed the majority of quills themselves, but due to recurring quills and progressive swelling of the left thoracic limb, referral was recommended. Following preoperative ultrasonography to identify the location of remaining quill fragments, surgical exploration was performed. Approximate quill location was determined with preoperative ultrasound, but quill extraction with solely blunt dissection proved to be challenging. Intraoperative ultrasonography was then utilised to rapidly and successfully identify the remaining fragments and guided the surgeons in complete quill removal. Intraoperative ultrasound hastened the removal of fractured and embedded quills. This case highlights how intraoperative ultrasonography aided in efficiently identifying the location and orientation of embedded quills and thereby guided their surgical removal. It also highlights how imperative early medical intervention for porcupine quills is, in order to avoid disastrous complications.
Introduction
Authors: Rugunanan Pragna , Xulu-Gama Nomkhosi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is the main contention of this book that there is a decisive and urgent need for migration research from a southern African perspective. The chapters in this book contend that South-to-South migration will dominate migration trends, leading to an increase in migration within the Global South and to the Global South. The predominant literature on the Global South adopts theoretical and methodological scholarship rooted in South-to-North migration. While there is an emerging body of knowledge in the sociology of migration within the Global South (Landau & Bakewell, 2018; Batisai, 2017; Rugunanan, 2016), here we assert that there is a noticeable absence of theorising migration from the Global South about the Global South. We build on Segatti’s (2011) assessment that the migration literature has ignored population mobility and international migrant workers in Africa and, in particular, southern Africa.
Young Mothers, Labour Migration and Social Security in South Africa
Authors: Mokoene Kearabetswe , Khunou Grace 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the conditions of apartheid and social engineering, internal labour migration played an important role in shaping the roles and relationships of South African families. In a recent study on internal labour migration in South Africa, Mokoene (2017) found that even though men remain the main migrants in households, young women are becoming prominent migrants as well. This finding echoes other existing findings on national and international migration which illustrate that women continue to migrate in large numbers within and across borders in search of employment (Xulu-Gama, 2017; Kihato, 2013; Walker, 1990). Studies also show that labour migration presents both benefits and costs for migrant sending families (Mokoene & Khunou, 2019; see also Yao & Treiman, 2011). In this chapter we take a closer look at experiences of the families of young women who migrate from the rural parts of Madibeng in the North West Province of South Africa, to neighboring cities in search of employment. This is from a study by Mokoene (2017) which found that the migration of these young women come with a cost including, non-remittance, parental absence, and poverty to the families left behind.
Strategies and Tactics of Integration of Transnational African Migrants: Case Study of Ethiopian Migrants in South Africa
Authors: Misgun Biniam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEthiopians come from a fractured country, with a heightened sense of ethnic identification. Ethnicity is central to their self-identification, accompanied by deeply entrenched ethnic cleavages at home and here in South Africa. Past and recent ethnic-based dynamics and cleavages are actively playing a part here. Such dynamics gained salience with the modern Ethiopian state’s practices and through their political history (Vaughan, 2003). These are part of the pervasively African concern: tension between the ethnic and the national, and the impulse to reconfigure and reconcile them. It is crucial to ask how these tensions evolve and transform in movements and moments in transnational spaces, and the interactions and encounters of these tensions and impulses in these spaces. Similarly, South African society too is very much divided, with its own tensions and contradictions. These coalesce with the tensions and dynamics that Ethiopians bring with them.
Immigration Policy in South Africa: Public Opinion, Xenophobia and the Search for Progress
Authors: Gordon Steven Lawrence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping progressive migration policy and legislation in South Africa is significantly hampered by anti-immigrant sentiment amongst the general public. Despite the recommendations of experts, the country has not adopted a clear and coherent immigration integration policy. Moreover, xenophobic violence presents a clear threat to the current South African migration regime. Why has this young democracy struggled to develop meaningful policy solutions to deal with migration? The paper explores this important question through the unique lens of mass opinion. Data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey for the period 2003–2018 will be used for this study. The outcomes of this analysis offer new insights into the obstacles facing attempts to implement both progressive immigration policy as well as anti-xenophobia strategies in South Africa. The paper concludes by outlining the implications of this work for academic attempts to understand address anti-immigrantism in the country. Recommendations for future research are also presented for discussion.
Migrant Women’s Experiences in the City: A Relational Comparison
Authors: Xulu-Gama Nomkhosi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScholars who write about migrant women, whether rural-urban or international migrants, have tended to always link women’s migration processes to men’s, thereby reducing women’s agency and will power. It is in this regard that women’s positionalities have continued to remain on the peripheries in literature (see Phillips & James, 2014), even if in reality they have become the main players in their own right. Kihato’s (2013) work reiterates the importance of the role of migrant women in shaping the way the city’s life is played out. Jayaram et al. (2019) posited that women are very mobile, frequently moving locally and internationally between their areas of origin and different urban work destinations. Xulu-Gama (2017), Kihato (2013) and Zulu (1993) prove that women do migrate on their own.
Achieving Clarity and Conciseness
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScientists are busy. They confront more articles to read than they have time available. An article that is clear and concise is more likely to be influential. Avoiding jargon and explaining ideas and methods so that others can understand will help a broad array of readers. Using descriptive labels of groups in the text and figures helps readers quickly understand the patterns in your data. Avoid using technical terms in a nontechnical sense including random, reliable, significant, valid, incidence, and correlated. Avoid describing a test as a gold standard or its result as positive. In place of this ambiguous shorthand, describe the characteristics of the test of interest and what the criteria are for a positive test.
Professions, Data, and Political Will: From the Pandemic Toward a Political Science with Public Health
Authors: Greer Scott 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic promised to teach us many things. One of the things it can help to teach us is about ways to do political science with public health. A political science with public health can work best if informed by a broad social-scientific understanding of both fields. This chapter, therefore, takes its inspiration from not just political science but also sociology and Science and Technology Studies, a field which focuses on the social construction of facts and their flow through society. The chapter focuses on three issues that seem to be particular causes of disciplinary misunderstanding and potentially fruitful research. The first is the professional authority of public health as a profession, including the extent to which it has a clear domain of expertise that others in government and academia respect. The second is the politics of data. Data are endogenous to the political process because the collection and coding of data of any kind are political decisions. The experience showed the potential value of viewing statistics as a dependent variable. The third is of the most contested concepts that can be found at the border of public health and political science: political will.
Beyond the Public Health/Political Science Stalemate in Health Inequalities: Can Deliberative Forums Help?
Authors: Smith Katherine E. , Macintyre Anna , Weakley Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent efforts to counter the shortcomings of ‘evidence-based policy’ include strategies for democratising the utilisation of evidence. Deliberative forums involving a small number of lay citizens (‘mini publics’) are one of the most popular innovations. This chapter explores a specific type of mini-public known as ‘citizens’ juries’, using health inequalities in the UK as a case study. After introducing citizens’ juries, this chapter reflects on earlier research by the lead author, which identified a presumption among policy actors and researchers that the British public were unsupportive of the kind of macro-level policy proposals research suggests are required to reduce health inequalities. This chapter challenges this presumption via a review of existing qualitative studies, a national representative survey and three citizens’ juries. This analysis is used to reflect on the potential for citizens’ juries to help overcome the apparent tensions that exist between evidence, policy and publics. This chapter concludes that deliberative spaces offer constructive discursive spaces in which it appears possible to overcome tensions between evidence, policy and publics for at least some long-standing societal challenges. However, it also acknowledges reasons to be cautious, given limited political engagement, the high resources required, and challenges around ethically representing minority groups.
Select Committee Governance and the Production of Evidence: The Case of UK E-cigarettes Policy
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin , Oliver Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the process of evidence use within the Westminster select committee system and the potential this offers for health-harming industries to influence the evidentiary content of policy debates. It introduces these issues through the example of the regulatory debate on electronic cigarettes and the 2018 Science and Technology enquiry into their regulations. Through this we identify a more general set of issues around the governance of select committees, and their generation and promotion of policy-relevant evidence, which is under-explored in the current research literature. The currently opaque accountability mechanisms create a significant opportunity for well-resourced policy actors, including trans-national corporations, to shape the evidentiary content of policy debates, via committee evidence gathering and synthesis processes and the potentially influential reports generated from this. Studies of the tobacco and other health-harming industries identify a long-standing strategy of seeking to ‘capture’ apparently independent bodies to generate research amenable to their underlying policy objectives. Such outputs are particularly valuable to corporate political actors, as they have the appearance of separation from the industry and enjoy the kudos associated with entities at the heart of the body politic. As such, it raises important questions about the oversight of evidence production by government bodies.
The Socio-Spatial Articulations of Tourism Studies in Nordic Geography
Authors: Huijbens Edward H. , Müller Dieter K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter will focus on geographical contributions to tourism studies in Nordic scholarship. The chapter provides a thematised overview of the ways in which tourism dynamics and developments have been understood and researched by Nordic geographers. The themes are drawn from a bibliometric analysis and are arranged around the key geographical concepts of place, space and time. As such the chapter is not aspiring to provide a comprehensive listing of, or detailing all Nordic geographers who have addressed issues of tourism, nor exhaustively cover all topics, but to gauge the socio-spatial articulations of tourism studies in Nordic geography. Part one will look at how places are articulated as sites of tourism experiences, social relations and tourism industry dynamics in Nordic geography. Part two will look at how spatial flows and global ideas constitutive of tourism destinations are understood. Part three will focus on how Nordic tourism geography scholarship has developed through and on what looks to be promising future oriented studies therein. As such the chapter will contribute to the theorisations of geography and the development of socio-spatial theories within Nordic geography from a tourism studies perspective.
The Institutionalization of Regions: An Autobiographic View on the Making of Socio-spatial Theory in the Nordic Periphery
Authors: Paasi Anssi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter is an autobiographic reflection of my academic track, with a focus on the theory of the institutionalization of regions, outlined in the 1980s in the context of the ongoing socio-spatial theory debates in geography. The chapter discusses how working in a peripheral university positioned this research. The chapter also reflects the academic influences and the theory behind the theory of the institutionalization of regions. It then charts the “travel” of this theory outside of Finland. By discussing the debates on the Anglophone hegemony in geography, the chapter also reflects the role of “mediators” behind the possible mobility of theories, as well as the motives of scholars to contribute to theoretical debates.
Politicisation of Nature in Nordic Geography
Authors: Lehtinen Ari Aukusti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on some socio-spatial views by Nordic geographers who have studied the tendencies of politicisation vs. depoliticisation of human/nature relationships. First, I introduce early formulations of politics of nature research by showing the epistemological grounding and argumentation for the political in Nordic nature studies. This is followed by an overview of studies that have focused on depoliticising drives and turns in contemporary human/nature practices. The variations in handling and conceptualising the dominating aspects of neoliberal environmental governance will be described. Thereafter, I address some approaches of research within Nordic geography that are entangled in the processes and actors defending and promoting a (re)politicisation in nature-use. Finally, I discuss the Nordic content and bearing found in the geographical contributions included in this study.
The Concept of Change and the Teachers’ Role on the Implementing Technological Transformation at School
Authors: Gómez-Parra María-Elena , Daiss Bashar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concept of change includes a variety of topics, situations, disciplines, dimensions, and aspects. Its diversity and impact on individuals and organizations has led to an array of definitions, models, and theories. Thus, changes constitute a response to values, transformations that are interpreted as opportunities to improve an organization’s resilience and increase its achievements. This chapter will further discuss the concept of change, leading to a deep analysis of teachers’ moral and ethical role in one of the most impactful changes in schools: the technological revolution. If teachers believe that change is necessary, they will make great efforts to implement it effectively both in class and at school. International examples will be shown (e.g., Israel, USA, UK, and Turkey), and conclusions will be drawn regarding the need to specifically train teachers to raise their ICT awareness and understand the drawbacks and risks of technology in the twenty-first century. Schools’ transformation in information and communication is not just a technological revolution but also a social and ethical change that involves teachers in a complex weave of technologies, its creators and users, their interactions, and the social context.
Revisiting Effective Instructional Strategies for Twenty-First-Century Learners
Authors: Özdoğru Asil Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid changes in the society and technology of the twenty-first century world have brought unique challenges for humanity. This chapter summarizes some of the strategies and support systems for effective learning and teaching in the twenty-first century in addressing some of these challenges. Learning is a dynamic process that is supported by the mechanisms of memory and reasoning as well as an individual’s mindset, habits, goals, and motivation. Theories and research imply that learning is not only a cognitive process but also a social-emotional process that takes place environmentally and culturally across one’s lifespan. Strategies to foster effective learning and teaching should pursue developing a process that is more active, authentic, collaborative, creative, interactive, personalized, relational, and self-regulative. Effective instruction is centered on the learner and knowledge, promotes conceptual understanding and metacognition, and utilizes assessment and technology in alignment with the instructional objectives. Productive instructional strategies used in a caring and supportive environment embedded in service and support systems foster learners’ cognitive, social, and emotional development.
Mitochondrial matrix-localized Src kinase regulates mitochondrial morphology
Authors: Lurette Olivier , Guedouari Hala , Morris Jordan L. , Martín-Jiménez Rebeca , Robichaud Julie-Pier , Hamel-Côté Geneviève , Khan Mehtab , Dauphinee Nicholas , Pichaud Nicolas , Prudent Julien , Hebert-Chatelain Etienne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe architecture of mitochondria adapts to physiological contexts: while mitochondrial fragmentation is usually associated to quality control and cell death, mitochondrial elongation often enhances cell survival during stress. Understanding how these events are regulated is important to elucidate how mitochondrial dynamics control cell fate. Here, we show that the tyrosine kinase Src regulates mitochondrial morphology. Deletion of Src increased mitochondrial size and reduced cellular respiration independently of mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential or ATP levels. Re-expression of Src targeted to the mitochondrial matrix, but not of Src targeted to the plasma membrane, rescued mitochondrial morphology in a kinase activity-dependent manner. These findings highlight a novel function for Src in the control of mitochondrial dynamics.
Tsunami Occurrence 1900–2020: A Global Review, with Examples from Indonesia
Authors: Reid Jessica A. , Mooney Walter D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present an overview of tsunami occurrences based on an analysis of a global database of tsunamis for the period 1900–2020. We evaluate the geographic and statistical distribution of various tsunami source mechanisms, high-fatality tsunamis, maximum water heights (MWHs) of tsunamis, and possible biases in the observation and recording of tsunami events. We enhance a global statistical overview with case studies from Indonesia, where tsunamis are generated from a diverse range of sources, including subduction zones, crustal faults, landslides, and volcanic islands. While 80% of global recorded tsunamis during 1900–2020 have been attributed to earthquake sources, the median MWH of earthquake tsunamis is just 0.4 m. In contrast, the median water height of landslide tsunamis is 4 m. Landslides have caused or contributed to 24% of fatal tsunamis. During 1900–2020, more tsunamis with water heights > 1 m occurred in Indonesia than in any other country. In this region fatal tsunamis are caused by subduction zone earthquakes, landslides, volcanos, and intraplate crustal earthquakes. Landslide and volcano tsunami sources, as well as coastal landforms such as narrow embayments have caused high local maximum water heights and numerous fatalities in Indonesia. Tsunami hazards are increased in this region due to the densely populated and extensive coastal zones, as well as sea level rise from polar ice melt and local subsidence. Interrelated and often extreme natural hazards in this region present both an opportunity and a need to better understand a broader range of tsunami processes.