bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intravenous combined immunosuppression with plasmapheresis in adult patients with refractory primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Dirim Ahmet Burak , Demir Erol , Guller Nurane , Safak Seda , Artan Ayse Serra , Oto Ozgur Akin , Ozluk Yasemin , Ozturk Savas , Yazici Halil , Kalayoglu‐Besisik Sevgi , Turkmen Aydin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) treatment is based on immunosuppressive therapies. Since refractory disease is common, alternative methods are emerging. One of these methods is plasmapheresis with intravenous cyclosporine and corticosteroids, and it could be an option in post‐transplant recurrent FSGS. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of this combined treatment in adult patients with refractory primary FSGS.MethodsSeven refractory primary FSGS patients were included. Demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rates, serum albumin levels, urine protein/creatinine ratios, and previous treatments were evaluated. Also, complications and remission rates were assessed.ResultsMedian patient age was 23 years. Median duration of diagnosis was 2 years. Median number of plasmapheresis sessions was 14. Five of seven patients (71.4%, one complete, four partial remissions) were responders after the protocol. Changes in serum albumin levels and proteinuria after protocol were statistically significant (P = 0.018 and P = 0.018, respectively). eGFR levels did not change statistically (P = 0.753). Median follow‐up duration after the treatment was 17 months. However, two patients experienced disease relapse (28.5%). End‐stage kidney disease was developed in two patients. Sustained remission rate was 42.8% during follow‐up (One complete and two partial remissions). Also, 42.8% of patients experienced catheter infections. Catheter‐associated thrombosis that required surgery was observed in a patient.ConclusionsPlasmapheresis combined with intravenous cyclosporine and corticosteroids could be an option in refractory primary FSGS. High response rates after this protocol were encouraging. However, the relapsing disease was observed after the cessation of apheresis. Also, complications of the protocol could limit the applicability.
Perfect forests in graphs and their extensions
Authors: Gutin Gregory , Yeo Anders 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLet be a graph on vertices. For , a spanning forest of is called an ‐perfect forest if every tree in is an induced subgraph of and exactly vertices of have even degree (including zero). An ‐perfect forest of is proper if it has no vertices of degree zero. Scott showed that every connected graph with an even number of vertices contains a (proper) 0‐perfect forest. We prove that one can find a 0‐perfect forest with a minimum number of edges in polynomial time, but it is NP‐hard to obtain a 0‐perfect forest with a maximum number of edges. Moreover, we show that to decide whether has a 0‐perfect forest with at least edges, where is the parameter, is W[1]‐hard. We also prove that for a prescribed edge of it is NP‐hard to obtain a 0‐perfect forest containing but one can decide if there exists a 0‐perfect forest not containing in polynomial time. It is easy to see that every connected graph with an odd number of vertices has a 1‐perfect forest. It is not the case for proper 1‐perfect forests. We give a characterization of when a connected graph has a proper 1‐perfect forest.
Reference Values for Pediatric Atrial Volumes Assessed by Steady‐State Free‐Precession Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Monoplane and Biplane Area‐Length Methods
Authors: Voges Inga , Caliebe Amke , Hinz Sophia , Boroni Grazioli Simona , Gabbert Daniel Dominik , Wegner Philip , Uebing Anselm Sebastian , Daubeney Piers E. F. , Pennell Dudley J. , Krupickova Sylvia 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMeasurement of atrial volumes by MRI is becoming increasingly important in pediatric cardiac disorders. However, MRI normal values for atrial volumes in children are lacking.PurposeTo establish pediatric reference values for atrial volumes.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 155 healthy children from two large institutions (103 male, age 13.9 ± 2.8 years, range 4–18 years).Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T; balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence.AssessmentThe monoplane and biplane area‐length methods were used to measure minimal and maximal left and right atrial volumes (LAmin, LAmax, RAmin, and RAmax) from four‐chamber (4ch) and two‐chamber (2ch) MR cine images. Centile charts and tables for atrial volumes were created.Statistical TestsDescriptive statistics, lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS)‐method of Cole and Green, univariable and multivariable linear regression models. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsIn the multivariable linear model, body surface area was significantly associated with all atrial volumes and sex was significantly associated with RA volumes, LA volumes measured in the 2ch‐view as well as biplane LAmax. Average atrial volumes measured: monoplane 4ch: LAmin 13.1 ± 4.8 mL/m2, LAmax 33.4 ± 8.8 mL/m2, RAmin 18.5 ± 6.8 mL/m2, RAmax 33.2 ± 9.6 mL/m2; monoplane 2ch: LAmin 12.7 ± 4.9 mL/m2, LAmax 30.5 ± 9.5 mL/m2; biplane: LAmin 12.3 ± 4.5 mL/m2, LAmax 30.9 ± 8.7 mL/m2.Data ConclusionPediatric MRI reference values for atrial volumes have been provided.Technical Efficacy2Evidence Level4
Therapist perceptions of treating posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy: The VIP Study
Authors: Hendrix Yvette M. G. A. , Sier Misha A. T. , Baas Melanie A. M. , van Pampus Maria G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is no consensus on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy, and therapists’ views on the matter are largely unknown. This cross‐sectional study aimed to explore therapist beliefs and experiences regarding PTSD treatment during pregnancy. Participants were therapists (N = 301) with experience treating PTSD who completed an online survey. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of therapists who were experienced in treating PTSD symptoms during pregnancy; secondary outcome measures assessed preferred treatments for the general and pregnant populations, perceived reluctance to treat PTSD in pregnancy, and perceived effects and adverse events attributed to treatment for pregnant women and fetuses. The majority of participants (n = 246, 81.7%) had experience with treating PTSD during pregnancy. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was the preferred treatment for both the general and the pregnant populations. Almost half of the sample (48.8%) reported hearing that PTSD treatment in pregnancy could be harmful; 30.5% of therapists were reluctant to treat pregnant women with PTSD. Most therapists observed a clinically relevant posttreatment reduction of PTSD symptoms in pregnant women. Perceived adverse maternal and fetal events attributed to treatment were reported by 8.4% and 1.4% of therapists, respectively. Despite reluctance, most therapists reported treating PTSD during pregnancy. The results show that although therapists often reported hearing that treating PTSD during pregnancy was harmful, only a small percentage reported perceived adverse events, and treatment was often viewed as effective. These findings implicate a more positive view on the treatment of PTSD in pregnancy.
The need for accelerated change in diversity, equity and inclusion in publishing and learned societies
Authors: Roscoe Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) is a key priority for many organizations and institutions, including learned societies. With diversity at universities, both in the UK and around the world, being reported as low, it was decided to make DE&I one of the main areas of enquiry for the seventh Wiley Society Member Survey, conducted in May 2021. We found that satisfaction with levels of representation for gender, race and ethnicity was falling and that the impact of the coronavirus pandemic had disproportionately affected those already most disadvantaged within the academic hierarchy. In order to fully understand the current status of DE&I in academia, and within societies in particular, this paper also draws on other research undertaken or supported by Wiley, including a survey of journal editors and the Brave New World study, as well as further research in which Wiley was not involved. What it shows is that academic research, learned societies and publishing all have their own DE&I issues that need to be addressed, but that through improved DE&I can come better research.
Direct Absorption and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Gas Sensing and Analysis: A Critical Review
Authors: Fathy Alaa , Sabry Yasser M. , Hunter Ian W. , Khalil Diaa , Bourouina Tarik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptical spectroscopy has a broad scientific basis in chemistry, physics, and material science, with diverse applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and tunable laser spectrometers (TLS) are key devices for measuring optical spectra. Superior performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and resolution is required for applications in gas sensing. This review deals with gas measurement based on either direct optical absorption spectroscopy or photoacoustic spectroscopy. Both approaches are applicable to FTIR spectroscopy or TLS. In photoacoustic spectroscopy, cantilever‐based photoacoustic spectroscopy is focused due its high performance. A literature survey is conducted revealing the recent technological advances. Theoretical fundamental detection limits are derived for TLS and FTIR, considering both direct absorption and photoacoustic spectroscopies. A theoretical comparison reveals which technology performs better. The minimum normalized absorption coefficient and normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient appear as key parameters for this comparison. For TLS‐based systems, direct absorption spectroscopy is found to be the best for lower laser power and longer path length. For FTIR‐based systems, direct absorption is found to be the best for low temperature sources, higher spectrometer throughput, faster mirror velocity, and longer gas cells.
Effect of Ce addition on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Mg–Gd alloys
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Li Jing , Jiang Bin , Yang Chuan , Yang Jiping , Chen Sanxing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the oxidation resistance of magnesium alloyed with Gd and Ce was investigated. The high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Mg–3.5Gd–xCe (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 wt%) alloys was evaluated at temperatures between 550°C and 650°C. Results indicate that adding less than 0.7 wt% Ce resulted in high oxidation resistance, whereas the Ce addition exceeding 0.7 wt% deteriorated the oxidation resistance. The high oxidation resistance phenomenon is attributed to the formation of compact oxide films primarily composed of MgO, Gd2O3, and a small amount of CeO2 on the surface of Mg–3.5Gd–0.2Ce and Mg–3.5Gd–0.4Ce alloys. These compact oxide films can prevent the matrix from experiencing further oxidation. The deteriorated oxidation resistances of Mg–3.5Gd–0.7Ce and Mg–3.5Gd–1Ce alloys were found to be due to the severe internal oxidation caused by the distributed Mg12Ce phases along the grain boundaries.
D1/D5 Inverse Agonists Restore Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Physiology in Dyskinetic Mice
Authors: Paz Rodrigo Manuel , Stahl Agostina Mónica , Rela Lorena , Murer Mario Gustavo , Tubert Cecilia 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia and motor fluctuations become seriously debilitating and therapeutic options become scarce. Aberrant activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCIN) has been shown to be critical to PD and dyskinesia, but the systemic administration of cholinergic medications can exacerbate extrastriatal‐related symptoms. Thus, targeting the mechanisms causing pathological SCIN activity in severe PD with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia is a promising therapeutic alternative.MethodsWe used ex vivo electrophysiological recordings combined with pharmacology to study the alterations in intracellular signaling that contribute to the altered SCIN physiology observed in the 6‐hydroxydopamine mouse model of PD treated with levodopa.ResultsThe altered phenotypes of SCIN of parkinsonian mice during the “off levodopa” state resulting from aberrant Kir/leak and Kv1.3 currents can be rapidly reverted by acute inhibition of cAMP‐ERK1/2 signaling. Inverse agonists that inhibit the ligand‐independent activity of D5 receptors, like clozapine, restore Kv1.3 and Kir/leak currents and SCIN normal physiology in dyskinetic mice.ConclusionOur work unravels a signaling pathway involved in the dysregulation of membrane currents causing SCIN hyperexcitability and burst‐pause activity in parkinsonian mice treated with levodopa (l‐dopa). These changes persist during off‐medication periods due to tonic mechanisms that can be acutely reversed by pharmacological interventions. Thus, targeting the D5‐cAMP‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway selectively in SCIN may have therapeutic effects in PD and dyskinesia by restoring the normal SCIN function. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Synthetic MR: Physical principles, clinical implementation, and new developments
Authors: Hwang Ken‐Pin , Fujita Shohei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrent clinical MR imaging practices rely on the qualitative assessment of images for diagnosis and treatment planning. While contrast in MR images is dependent on the spin parameters of the imaged tissue, pixel values on MR images are relative and are not scaled to represent any tissue properties. Synthetic MR is a fully featured imaging workflow consisting of efficient multi‐parameter mapping acquisition, synthetic image generation, and volume quantitation of brain tissues. As the application becomes more widely available on multiple vendors and scanner platforms, it has also gained widespread adoption as clinicians begin to recognize the benefits of rapid quantitation. This review will provide details about the sequence with a focus on the physical principles behind its relaxometry mechanisms. It will present an overview of the products in their current form and some potential issues when implementing it in the clinic. It will conclude by highlighting some recent advances of the technique, including a 3D mapping method and its associated applications.
Effect of crosslinking, hydroxyapatite addition, and fiber alignment to stimulate human mesenchymal stem cells osteoinduction in polycaprolactone‐based electrospun scaffolds
Authors: Menezes Felipe Castro , Siqueira Nataly Machado , Fung Stephanie , Scheibel Jóice Maria , Moura Dinara Jaqueline , Guvendiren Murat , Kohn Joachim , Soares Rosane Michele Duarte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrospinning is a versatile technique for producing composite scaffolds with nanostructure properties similar to the natural extracellular matrix. Biomaterials possessing mechanical, structural, and biological properties required for bone tissue engineering are a big challenge. However, the effect of fiber alignment, their mechanical properties, and chemical modifications on fibers are usually investigated individually. In this study, PCL/GE/HA scaffolds were electrospun in a static and drum rotatory collector to investigate the effects of alignment on the physicochemical properties of composite scaffolds. Furthermore, to achieve a stable composite with natural polymer gelatin (GE), a water‐soluble, zero‐length crosslinker (N‐[3‐dimethylaminopropyl]‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, EDC) was used to crosslink GE. Our results have outlined that the incorporation of GE, as well as crosslinking process, produced a hydrophilic biomaterial, improving wettability compared to pure polycaprolactone (PCL). In addition, the alignment reinforced the material, increasing mechanical strength. Biological tests showed that GE addition and the alignment allowed a better osteoinduction than pure random PCL.
An integrated simulation method for analyzing mechanical properties of injection molded fiber‐reinforced polymers
Authors: Gao Ruoxiang , Chen Hao , Hu Zhezai , Cheng Xuewen , Gao Shiquan , Zhou Shaohua , Zhao Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInjection molded fiber‐reinforced polymers have been widely used for their excellent comprehensive properties. Due to the high cost of injection molds, how to improve the strength of the products in the design stage is a problem worthy of researching. This study presents a novel method for predicting the product strength via analysis of weld line and fiber orientation, which are two key factors in injection molding. In this study, injection molding simulation was carried out in commercial software Moldex3D to obtain the information about weld line, fiber orientation and other factors which were used for prediction of strength of products. Based on the healing theory and interdiffusion model, a weld line strength model for injection molding is established. The effects of fiber orientation distribution on strength were investigated through Abaqus structural analysis. The proposed method was used to verify the experimental results in the existing literatures and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experiments. The method was applied in the gate design of an aerospace product. This study indicated that the proposed method has great potential for mold design, product structure design and process optimization.
Adaptive output feedback fault‐tolerant control for nonlinear stochastic systems with output constraint
Authors: Meng Rui , Hua Changchun , Li Kuo , Ning Pengju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the adaptive output feedback fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for nonlinear stochastic systems with output constraint. Different from the existing FTC results, the actuator replacement time is considered, which may cause the tracking error to violate the constraint boundaries. First, because only inaccurate output information is available, a dynamic gain‐based reduced‐order K‐filter is designed to reconstruct unmeasurable state variables. Second, by means of a shifting function, a funnel‐like constraint function is proposed to constrain the tracking error into the pre‐given asymmetric constraint boundaries within a predefined time. Third, monitoring function is proposed to detect actuator failures. Once the tracking error violates the monitoring function, it is determined that the actuator failure has occurred, and then the backup actuator driven by the recovery controller will replace the failed actuator. With the help of Lyapunov stability theory, it is strictly proved that all closed‐loop system signals are bounded in probability. Finally, the simulation result is presented to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Dynamic quantile regression for trend analysis of streamflow time series
Authors: Lima Luciano B. , Cribari‐Neto Francisco , Lima‐Junior Dilermando Pereira 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater availability is an essential factor in maintaining the integrity of ecological processes and is a source of socio‐economic development. However, socio‐economic development increases the pressure on water resources. Thus, understanding the flow regime in a watershed is essential to correct water resource management. In this study, we propose using dynamic quantile regression (DQR) to analyse trends in streamflow time series. DQR is a subset of the general class of semi‐parametric quantile regression models, which is tailored for time series modelling. It allows for autoregressive dynamics and modelling of trending behaviour and seasonal fluctuations. With a single model, it is possible to estimate the impacts of predictor variables on any given quantile of the response distribution instead of simply evaluating such effects on the mean response, as is typically done in other statistical approaches. In other words, it is possible to gain knowledge on how predictors impact the magnitude of streamflow in wet (upper quantiles) and dry seasons (lower quantiles) separately. We used DQR to model a streamflow time series of 27 gauges, distributed in the Araguaia watershed in central Brazil. The results show that, except for a single gauge (Alto Araguaia), there are downward streamflow trends, thus non‐stationary behaviour. The model yielded excellent data fits (pseudo‐R2 above 0.80), and it was possible to obtain a confidence interval for each slope. In our analysis, the usefulness of DQR modelling for assessing trends in streamflow time series is shown and, consequently, for achieving efficient water resource management.
A longitudinal snapshot of pioneer plant patterns along lowland temperate rivers
Authors: Bolpagni Rossano , Dalla Vecchia Alice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOverexploitation of water, loss of dynamism and current climate change cause river drought and baseflow events that are globally increasingly intense and prolonged. This strongly affects riverine plant communities, especially those of seasonally exposed sediments. However, few data are available concerning this key component of river biodiversity currently. Furthermore, the role of alien species is expected to be important in riverbeds since fluvial corridors have an extraordinary susceptibility to be invaded and act as primary routes for invader dispersal. This study provides a systematic investigation of the longitudinal patterns of pioneer plants—in terms of richness and cover—in three mid‐size rivers (Ticino, Adda and Oglio rivers) in northern Italy, from 15 different sampling sites. The alien plants dominated the pioneer richness (52 out of 91 species, 57% of the total richness found), whereas plant cover followed less‐defined patterns. Along the upstream–downstream gradient, native plants showed a steep decline (−69% in richness and −52% in cover rates on average), only partially offset by the local (extremely variable) changes in alien taxa (−41% on average, in the range of −2.7 to +4.1 species per plot and with cover rates varying form −10 to +1,018%). The magnitude and sign of the detected trends strongly reflected individual river identity. Further investigations are required to better assess the role of hydromorphology in driving the riverine pioneer plant assemblages.
Effect of Molarity on Methylene Blue Dye Removal Efficacy of Nano Ca(OH)2
Authors: Harish  , Kumar Pushpendra , Soni Anshu , Chakinala Anand Gupta , Singhal Rahul , Joshi Rajendra Prasad , Mukhopadhyay Anoop Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the increase in demand of textiles products, the polluted groundwater problem in the world is increasing proportionally and leading to environmental and health problems. Hence in this present work, we report on the dye removal efficacy of nano Ca(OH)2by changing the molarity of the reactants. In the process, the chemical precipitation technique is used to synthesize the phase pure nano Ca(OH)2powders using equimolar concentrations (e. g., 0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M and 1 M) of [Ca(NO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O] and NaOH solutions. The prepared material was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The results from the characterization study show, that the dye removal behaviour is complex and is sensitive to a simultaneous combination of many factors e. g., the molarities of the reactants, the resultant nanocrystallite size, band gap energy, the concentration of the dye and, the temperature of adsorption. Therefore, these results are discussed in terms of relative variations in the microstructure, lattice strain, band gap energy, defect structure, and the amount of (OH−) ions. Further, the probable mechanism of dye removal behaviour is suggested. Finally, the consequences of these results in terms of microstructurally tuned nano Ca(OH)2materials development for prospective futuristic applications are highlighted.