bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sensory and chemical properties of Assam green teas under different pan‐firing and rolling time conditions
Authors: Tongsai Saynamphung , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Tepsongkroh Benjarat , Boonbumrung Sumitra , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAssam green tea possesses health benefits and aromatic compounds in the tea leaves. Effects of pan‐firing time (0, 5, and 10 min) and rolling time (0, 2, and 4 min) on chemical and antioxidant properties and sensory descriptive analysis of Assam green tea were investigated. Increasing pan‐firing time increased total phenolic content (TPC), total catechin content, and antioxidant activity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picprylhydrazyl (DPPH), (2,2′‐azinobis)‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) values, whereas increasing rolling time tended to decrease such chemical properties. There were four categories of volatile functional groups analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) during green tea preparation, including aldehyde, alcohol, furan, and ether. A sensory lexicon consisting of ten attributes developed by trained descriptive panellists showed a significant relationship with chemical properties. The green tea under pan‐firing process expressed bitter taste, total catechin, TPC, and antioxidant activity. These active chemical compounds and critical sensory attributes of drinking green tea could potentially be beneficial for healthy beverage production.
Evaluation of pleural fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pairman Lorna , Beckert Lutz E. L. , Dagger Mark , Maze Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytological examination of pleural fluid has good specificity, but imperfect sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Published estimates of sensitivity vary and predictors of false negative cytology are not well established.AimsTo estimate pleural fluid cytology sensitivity and identify risk factors for false negative cytology.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who had cytology testing of pleural fluid at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, from July 2017 to October 2019. Data on clinical and pleural fluid characteristics were collected. MPE was defined by positive pleural fluid cytology, tissue histology or multidisciplinary meeting consensus. We estimated sensitivity of the first pleural cytology assessment. We performed multivariate logistic regression to ascertain patient groups at greatest risk of false negative results.ResultsInitial pleural fluid cytology was diagnostic in 117 of 156 patients, providing a sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 75.0% (67.4–81.6%). The sensitivity was 79.0% (66.8–88.3%) for lung cancer, 91.3% (72.0–98.9%) for breast cancer and 33.3% (95% CI 11.8–61.6%) for mesothelioma. Cloudy appearance of pleural fluid (odds ratio (OR) 0.12; 95% CI 0.03–0.54) and yellow/gold pleural fluid (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06–0.96) reduced the odds of false negative pleural cytology. Pleural thickening on computed tomography scan (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.2–9.4) was a risk factor for false negative cytology.ConclusionSensitivity of pleural fluid cytology was greatest in primary lung and breast cancer, and lowest in mesothelioma. Clinicians should be alert to false negative results when suspecting mesothelioma or if pleural thickening is present.
Precarious labour in Mpumalanga, South Africa: A case study of informally employed day labourers in Mbombela and Emalahleni
Authors: Blaauw Derick , Pretorius Anmar , Schenck Catherina , Matthee Marianne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecarious employment is becoming more prevalent again in the developed world while being widespread in developing economies. Day labour is precarious wage work that is emerging and re‐emerging in the global North and South. Within the global South context, we explore the socio‐economic and labour market outcomes of day labourers in Mpumalanga. A comparable multi‐case study research design reveals day labourers’ precarious existence: low and uncertain incomes, struggle to provide for dependents, low levels of subjective well‐being and structural vulnerability. The results reflect differences between a more diversified economy (Mbombela) and one subject to the mining industry's boom and bust cycles (Emalahleni). Social policy must be reconsidered to adhere to the South African government's developmental state vision.
Rapid rehabilitation effect on complications, wound infection, anastomotic leak, obstruction, and hospital re‐admission for gastrointestinal surgery subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Lixiu , He Lihuang , Qiu Afang , Zhang Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects. A systematic literature search up to October 2021 was done and 31 studies included 4448 subjects with gastrointestinal surgery at the start of the study: 2242 of them were provided with rapid rehabilitation and 2206 were standard care. They were reporting relationships about the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects using the dichotomous method with a random‐ or fixed‐effect model. Rapid rehabilitation had significantly lower complications (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.71, P < .001) and wound infection (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.98, P = .03) compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. However, rapid rehabilitation had no significant effect on the anastomotic leak (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.22, P = .49), obstruction (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, −0.64 to 1.31, P = .65), and hospital re‐admission (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57‐1.08, P = .13) compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. Rapid rehabilitation had significantly lower complications and wound infection, and had no significant effect on the anastomotic leak, obstruction, and hospital re‐admission compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing guided bone regeneration of peri‐implant defects with soft‐type block versus particulate bone substitutes: Six‐month results of hard‐tissue changes
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Bienz Stefan P. , Song Young Woo , Cha Jae‐Kook , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ui‐Won , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo test whether soft‐type block bone substitute used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant defects leads to a different dimension of the augmented hard tissue than particulate bone substitute.Materials and MethodsIn 40 patients, 40 two‐piece dental implants were placed >2 months after tooth extraction. Following random allocation, 20 peri‐implant bone dehiscences were grafted with a soft‐type block made of synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) + collagen and 20 bone dehiscences with particulate BCP. All the sites were covered with a collagen membrane stabilized with titanium pins. Immediately after wound closure and after 6 months, the horizontal dimension (HD) of the augmented hard tissue was measured at the level of implant shoulder using cone beam computed tomography. During re‐entry at 6 months, the defect fill was clinically assessed.ResultsAt 6 months, the median HD measured 1.15 mm (mean: 1.31 mm) in the soft‐block group and 0.93 mm (mean: 1.05 mm) in the particulate group (p = .6). At 6 months, 7.1% of contained defects and 61.9% of non‐contained defects showed an incomplete vertical defect fill.ConclusionsSoft‐type block of BCP + collagen used for GBR of peri‐implant defects did not differ from particulate BCP regarding the dimension of the augmented hard tissue after 6 months of healing.
Effects of hydrothermal pretreatments on thermodynamic and technological properties of red bean starch
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , da Silva Gabriel Monteiro , Feitoza João Vitor Fonseca , de Alcântara Silva Virgínia Mirtes , de Alcântara Ribeiro Victor Herbert , da Silva Eduardo Raphael , de Sousa Muniz Cecília Elisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrothermal pretreatments (HPs) on the thermodynamic and technological properties of red bean starch. The HP chosen included cooking and autoclaving processes and were applied to beans and red bean starches. To obtain powdered starch, the starch pastes were dried at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C in an electric oven with 1,200 W. The diffusion model with boundary condition of the third type was fitted to the experimental data and the thermodynamic properties were calculated. The starches obtained were analyzed for extraction yield, color, and technological properties (apparent viscosity, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and DSC). Effective diffusivity values ranged from 7.621 × 10−9 to 9.815 × 10−5 m2 min−1, which reduced drying time by up to 480 min. Starches submitted to HP showed a decrease in activation energy and an increase in Gibbs free energy. It was observed that for an extraction yield >30%, the highest values were found for the treatments submitted to 70°C, especially for the starch submitted to cooking (SC). Red bean starch presented type A crystalline structure, where its crystallinity index ranged from (27.32%–33.41%) and thermal properties were affected by the application of HPs. Using autoclave HP in starch, it is possible to reduce process costs by reducing drying time, as well as changing the crystal structure and thermal properties.Practical ApplicationsThe results obtained contribute to optimize the hydrothermal modification using autoclave and cooking in the grains and starch of several cereals. The HP technique influenced the drying time, consequently reducing the cost of the process. The rheological, thermal, and structural properties were affected, thus being considered a viable treatment for starch modification for large‐scale application, due to the technique being easy to handle, low investment, and not using reagents harmful to the environment.
The digiti quinti sign in hemiplegic migraine: An fMRI study
Authors: da Silva Rafaela V. B. , Sanchez Tiago Arruda , Gama Tamires Morett , Fontana Ana P. , Gasparetto Emerson L. , Vincent Maurice B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe digiti quinti sign (DQS) consists of a wider angle between the fourth and fifth fingers (ANG) indicative of subtle hemiparesis that has been found interictally in hemiplegic migraine (HM), suggesting a permanent subtle motor dysfunction. The aim of this study was to find a possible cortical origin for the DQS using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional (f) MRI.MethodsEight HM patients and 13 controls entered the cross‐sectional study. We examined hand dominance, performed handgrip tests with dynamometry, documented the DQS graphically in two consecutive sessions, and used BOLD‐fMRI during a motor task specifically designed to measure the evoked activation in the motor cortex (M1). The brain activation at the symptomatic side was compared with the contralateral hemisphere and with both correspondent hemispheres in controls.ResultsSubjects had a normal neurological examination, except for DQS in all HM patients. The activation amplitude (beta values) and the cluster extension (mm3) of the activation area in M1 was smaller at the affected side. Besides, the cluster extension correlated negatively with the disease time span. The ANG was wider bilaterally in patients and the fMRI signals were reduced in the patient's group.ConclusionThe DQS, a relevant clinical finding in HM, indicates a disrupted cortical activation.
Characteristics, management and changing incidence of children with empyema in a paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Subhi Rami , Gelbart Ben , Ching Natasha , Thompson Jenny , Osowicki Joshua , Rozen Thomas H , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Teague Warwick , Duke Trevor 
Published: February 2022

AimPaediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions for empyema increased following the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). We describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes for children with empyema and compare incidence before and after PCV13.MethodsRetrospective study of patients <18 years admitted to The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne PICU with empyema between January 2016 and July 2019. We investigated the incidence of empyema during two time periods: 2007–2010 (pre‐PCV13) and 2016–2019 (post‐PCV13).ResultsSeventy‐one children (1.9% of all PICU admissions) were admitted to PICU with empyema between 2016 and 2019. Sixty‐one (86%) had unilateral disease, 11 (16%) presented with shock and 44 (62%) were ventilated. Streptococcus pneumoniae and group A Streptococcus were the most commonly identified pathogens. Forty‐five (63%) were managed with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).There was a 31% reduction in empyema hospitalisations as a proportion of all hospitalisations (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.59–0.8), but a 2.8‐fold increase in empyema PICU admissions as a proportion of all PICU admissions (95% CI 2.2–3.5, P < 0.001). For the PICU cohort, this was accompanied by reduction in PIM2 probability of death (median 1% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.02) and duration of intubation (median 69 h vs. 126.5 h, P = 0.045).ConclusionsIn children with empyema in PICU 62% required ventilation, 16% had features of shock and 63% received VATS. Empyema admissions, as a proportion of all PICU admissions, increased in the era post‐PCV13 compared to pre‐PCV13 despite no increase in illness severity at admission.
Related and unrelated product diversification and collaboration strategies: Comparison between the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries
Authors: Kim Keungoui , Lee Junmin , Hwang Junseok , Kim Eungdo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, developing and commercializing products require great investments and intensive clinical trials. With regard to managing the risk and uncertainty of such product development, especially given the low success rates, product diversification and collaboration strategies can be instrumental for firms. Especially, the differences in product development complexity and market condition among industries require more case‐specific implications due to the absence of a universally applicable strategy, even in these two similar industries. To date, little is known or discussed regarding whether product diversification and collaboration strategies work differently by industry and to what extent their impact differs across industries. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of product diversification on firm performance and compares the diversification effects between the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. Related product diversification (RPD), which involves diversifying existing product functions, and unrelated product diversification (UPD), which involves diversifying the selling market, are considered here, and their linear and curvilinear effects are examined for each industry. Furthermore, the mediating role of product diversification in the relationship between collaboration and performance is examined to explore diversification through collaboration and the effect of collaboration on firm performance. For empirical analysis, an integrated firm‐level dataset combining a full set of commercialized product information, collaboration, and statistics from Medtrack and Compustat are used. The results indicate that RPD enhances pharmaceutical firms' performance, while RPD and UPD contribute to biopharmaceutical firms' performance. In both cases, mediating effect of product diversification is found; however, collaboration is found to play different roles, thereby showing that collaboration enhances product diversification for pharmaceutical firms, while for biopharmaceutical firms it negatively affects product diversification, but positively affects performance. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on how diversification should be treated differently across industries by considering product development complexity and market maturity.
Dual adhesive unipolar polysaccharides synthesized by overlapping biosynthetic pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Onyeziri Maureen C. , Hardy Gail G. , Natarajan Ramya , Xu Jing , Reynolds Ian P. , Kim Jinwoo , Merritt Peter M. , Danhorn Thomas , Hibbing Michael E. , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Chang Jeff H. , Fuqua Clay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a member of the Alphaproteobacteria that pathogenises plants and associates with biotic and abiotic surfaces via a single cellular pole. A. tumefaciens produces the unipolar polysaccharide (UPP) at the site of surface contact. UPP production is normally surface‐contact inducible, but elevated levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (cdGMP) bypass this requirement. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the UPP has a central polysaccharide component. Using an A. tumefaciens derivative with elevated cdGMP and mutationally disabled for other dispensable polysaccharides, a series of related genetic screens have identified a large number of genes involved in UPP biosynthesis, most of which are Wzx‐Wzy‐type polysaccharide biosynthetic components. Extensive analyses of UPP production in these mutants have revealed that the UPP is composed of two genetically, chemically, and spatially discrete forms of polysaccharide, and that each requires a specific Wzy‐type polymerase. Other important biosynthetic, processing, and regulatory functions for UPP production are also revealed, some of which are common to both polysaccharides, and a subset of which are specific to each type. Many of the UPP genes identified are conserved among diverse rhizobia, whereas others are more lineage specific.
The molecular characteristics of low‐grade and high‐grade areas in desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma
Authors: Chiang Jason , Li Xiaoyu , Jin Hongjian , Wu Gang , Lin Tong , Ellison David W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsDesmoplastic infantile astrocytomas and gangliogliomas (DIA/DIGs) are rare brain tumours of infancy. A distinctive feature of their histopathology is a combination of low‐grade and high‐grade features. Most DIA/DIGs can be surgically resected and have a good prognosis. However, high‐grade features often dominate recurrent tumours, some of which have a poor outcome. In this study, we test the hypothesis that low‐grade and high‐grade areas in DIA/DIGs have distinct molecular characteristics.MethodsTissue samples from microdissected low‐grade and high‐grade areas in 12 DIA/DIGs were analysed by DNA methylation profiling, whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to search for potential differences at multiple molecular levels.ResultsCopy number variants among tumours and between the two morphologically distinct areas were infrequent. No recurrent genetic alterations were identified across the tumour series, and high‐grade areas did not have additional genetic alterations to explain their distinct morphology or biological behaviour. However, high‐grade areas showed relative hypomethylation in genes downstream of the transcription factors SOX9 and LEF1 and evidence of a core SOX9 transcription network alongside activation of the BMP, WNT and MAPK signalling pathways.ConclusionsThis study contributes to our knowledge of molecular genetic alterations in DIA/DIGs, uncovers molecular differences between the two distinct cell populations in these tumours and suggests potential therapeutic targets among the more proliferative cell population in DIA/DIGs.
Identification and critical appraisal of evidence for interventions for refractive error to support the development of the WHO package of eye care interventions: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Evans Jennifer R , Lawrenson John G , Ramke Jacqueline , Virgili Gianni , Gordon Iris , Lingham Gareth , Yasmin Sumrana , Keel Stuart 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe World Health Organization is developing a Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI) to support the integration of eye health care into national health programmes. Interventions included in the PECI should be based on robust evidence where available. Refractive error is a leading cause of blindness and vision impairment and is a PECI priority condition. The aim of this study was to provide high‐quality evidence to support the development of the PECI by identifying and critically appraising clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and extracting recommendations for refractive error interventions.MethodsWe searched for CPGs on refractive error published in the last 10 years. We conducted the searches initially in February and March 2019 and repeated them in March 2020. We evaluated the quality of potentially relevant guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool.ResultsWe identified 12 high‐quality CPGs relevant to refractive error, written by six organisations from three high‐income countries. Organisations used a variety of frameworks to assess the strength of recommendations based on available evidence, with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) being most common. Vision screening for children aged 3 to 5 years was recommended consistently. Evidence for screening and eye evaluations at other ages was weaker, although ophthalmic professional organisations consistently recommended regular evaluations. Recommendations on optical and laser correction of refractive error were limited and did not consider implications for low resource settings. Interventions for slowing myopia progression in children were recommended, but these will need regular updating as new evidence emerges.ConclusionsCurrent high‐quality guidelines on refractive error have been formulated in high‐income countries. Recommendations focused on prevention and treatment of refractive error in low‐and middle‐income countries are lacking. Regular updating of systematic reviews and CPGs is essential to ensure that robust evidence is promptly appraised and incorporated into recommendations for eye health care practitioners.
Urban poverty, growth, and inequality: A needed paradigm shift?
Authors: Wilson Edgar J. , Jayanthakumaran Kankesu , Verma Reetu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper calculates poverty and inequality elasticities using the latest‐available World Bank primary survey household consumption expenditure data for the rapidly growing urban sectors of India, Indonesia, and China. Our approach compares the conventional use of the overly simple headcount measure to the poverty gap squared (PG2) measures of poverty and focuses the effectiveness of reducing inequality on the disutility of the poor using a microeconomic utility‐based point elasticity measure of poverty loss. The calculations show that reducing urban inequality is more effective in reducing (1) urban poverty than promoting growth and (2) poverty distress more than that in the rural sector. The optimal policy prescription is to reduce urban inequality by targeting the urban very poor using thePG2measure. Further research is required to identify and quantify the determinants of the point elasticity magnitudes and the possible directions of causation.