bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved secreted effectors contribute to endophytic growth and multihost plant compatibility in a vascular wilt fungus
Authors: Redkar Amey , Sabale Mugdha , Schudoma Christian , Zechmann Bernd , Gupta Yogesh K , López-Berges Manuel S , Venturini Giovanni , Gimenez-Ibanez Selena , Turrà David , Solano Roberto , Di Pietro Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fungal interactions with plant roots, either beneficial or detrimental, have a crucial impact on agriculture and ecosystems. The cosmopolitan plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) provokes vascular wilts in more than a hundred different crops. Isolates of this fungus exhibit host-specific pathogenicity, which is conferred by lineage-specific Secreted In Xylem (SIX) effectors encoded on accessory genomic regions. However, such isolates also can colonize the roots of other plants asymptomatically as endophytes or even protect them against pathogenic strains. The molecular determinants of endophytic multihost compatibility are largely unknown. Here, we characterized a set of Fo candidate effectors from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root apoplastic fluid; these early root colonization (ERC) effectors are secreted during early biotrophic growth on main and alternative plant hosts. In contrast to SIX effectors, ERCs have homologs across the entire Fo species complex as well as in other plant-interacting fungi, suggesting a conserved role in fungus–plant associations. Targeted deletion of ERC genes in a pathogenic Fo isolate resulted in reduced virulence and rapid activation of plant immune responses, while ERC deletion in a nonpathogenic isolate led to impaired root colonization and biocontrol ability. Strikingly, some ERCs contribute to Fo infection on the nonvascular land plant Marchantia polymorpha, revealing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for multihost colonization by root infecting fungi.
SlVQ15 interacts with jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins and SlWRKY31 to regulate defense response in tomato
Authors: Huang Huang , Zhao Wenchao , Li Chonghua , Qiao Hui , Song Susheng , Yang Rui , Sun Lulu , Ma Jilin , Ma Xuechun , Wang Shaohui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most widely distributed and harmful pathogens worldwide. Both the phytohormone jasmonate (JA) and the VQ motif-containing proteins play crucial roles in plant resistance to B. cinerea. However, their crosstalk in resistance to B. cinerea is unclear, especially in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, we found that the tomato VQ15 was highly induced upon B. cinerea infection and localized in the nucleus. Silencing SlVQ15 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced resistance to B. cinerea. Overexpression of SlVQ15 enhanced resistance to B. cinerea, while disruption of SlVQ15 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 (Cas9) technology increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, SlVQ15 formed homodimers. Additionally, SlVQ15 interacted with JA-ZIM domain proteins, repressors of the JA signaling pathway, and SlWRKY31. SlJAZ11 interfered with the interaction between SlVQ15 and SlWRKY31 and repressed the SlVQ15-increased transcriptional activation activity of SlWRKY31. SlVQ15 and SlWRKY31 synergistically regulated tomato resistance to B. cinerea, as silencing SlVQ15 enhanced the sensitivity of slwrky31 to B. cinerea. Taken together, our findings showed that the SlJAZ-interacting protein SlVQ15 physically interacts with SlWRKY31 to cooperatively control JA-mediated plant defense against B. cinerea.
Signatures of muscle disuse in spaceflight and bed rest revealed by single muscle fiber proteomics
Authors: Murgia Marta , Ciciliot Stefano , Nagaraj Nagarjuna , Reggiani Carlo , Schiaffino Stefano , Franchi Martino V , Pišot Rado , Šimunič Boštjan , Toniolo Luana , Blaauw Bert , Sandri Marco , Biolo Gianni , Flück Martin , Narici Marco V , Mann Matthias 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Astronauts experience dramatic loss of muscle mass, decreased strength, and insulin resistance, despite performing daily intense physical exercise that would lead to muscle growth on Earth. Partially mimicking spaceflight, prolonged bed rest causes muscle atrophy, loss of force, and glucose intolerance. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we employed highly sensitive single fiber proteomics to detail the molecular remodeling caused by unloading and inactivity during bed rest and changes of the muscle proteome of astronauts before and after a mission on the International Space Station. Muscle focal adhesions, involved in fiber–matrix interaction and insulin receptor stabilization, are prominently downregulated in both bed rest and spaceflight and restored upon reloading. Pathways of antioxidant response increased strongly in slow but not in fast muscle fibers. Unloading alone upregulated markers of neuromuscular damage and the pathway controlling EIF5A hypusination. These proteomic signatures of mechanical unloading in muscle fiber subtypes contribute to disentangle the effect of microgravity from the pleiotropic challenges of spaceflight.
Doctor of Physical Therapy Education in a Hybrid Learning Environment: A Case Report
Authors: Gagnon Kendra , Bachman Teresa , Beuning Brett , Koppenhaver Shane , Unverzagt Casey , Feda Jessica , Gantt Christy , Young Brian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this case report is to describe the implementation and report early outcomes of a 2-year (6-trimester), hybrid doctor of physical therapy (DPT) program.

Methods
The case report describes management of (1) academic affairs, (2) student affairs, (3) faculty affairs, and (4) institutional affairs for an accredited, fully hybrid, 2-year DPT program. In the hybrid program, students from across the country participate in synchronous and asynchronous online learning and travel to campus twice per trimester for immersive blocks of in-person laboratory instruction. The case report describes how the program structures the hybrid learning environment and reports outcomes from the first 2 graduated cohorts.

Results
Program outcomes assessment revealed that 97% to 98% of students/graduates reported being somewhat or very satisfied with the 2-year hybrid DPT program at the end of DPT year 1, at graduation, and at 1 year after graduation. Clinical instructors reported that 84% of students were prepared or well-prepared for clinical education. At 1 year after graduation, 20% of graduates were enrolled in or had completed residency, National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) pass rate was 97%, and employment rate was 99%.

Conclusion
Hybrid DPT education is feasible and may provide opportunities for more flexible and accessible delivery of DPT education. Outcomes of this case report suggest high student satisfaction, increased student/graduate diversity, and graduate outcomes comparable with national averages as reported in the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education aggregate data.

Impact
This case report provides early evidence that hybrid DPT education—a type of blended learning that uses both face-to-face and online instructional strategies—is feasible, with student satisfaction and student/graduate outcomes comparable with national averages. Hybrid education may provide educators, programs, and institutions the flexibility to innovate in ways that address some of the immediate and long-term challenges facing physical therapist professional education while maintaining standards of excellence.
Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Chronic Spinal Pain Within Physical Therapy: A Practical Guide for the Implementation of an Integrated Approach
Authors: Van Looveren Eveline , Meeus Mira , Cagnie Barbara , Ickmans Kelly , Bilterys Thomas , Malfliet Anneleen , Goubert Dorien , Nijs Jo , Danneels Lieven , Moens Maarten , Mairesse Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most people who have nonspecific chronic spinal pain (nCSP) report comorbid insomnia. However, in current treatment strategies for nCSP, insomnia is usually not addressed. Considering the bidirectional interaction between pain and sleep and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms, insomnia may increase the risk of developing adverse physical and psychological health outcomes and should thus no longer be left untreated. As suggested by previous pilot studies, adding cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to the contemporary evidence-based biopsychosocial physical therapy approach may also improve pain outcomes in nCSP. This manuscript aims to provide practical guidelines on hybrid physical therapy, including the combination of the following components: (1) pain neuroscience education (eg, to reconceptualize pain) and cognition-targeted exercise therapy (eg, graded exposure to functional daily life movements), and (2) cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (sleep psychoeducation, behavioral and cognitive therapy, correction of sleep hygiene, and relaxation therapy) can be deployed for the management of patients who have chronic spinal pain.
Impact. Due to the major impact sleep disturbances have on pain and disability, insomnia as a comorbidity should no longer be ignored when treating patients with chronic spinal pain.
Sex Differences in Functional Capacity in Older Adults With Stroke: An Analysis of Data From the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Wiley Elise , Noguchi Kenneth S , Moncion Kevin , Stratford Paul W , Tang Ada 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Women experience greater disability following stroke, but biological sex differences in both overall and specific domains of functional capacity are not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to examine sex differences in overall functional capacity (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score) cross-sectionally and longitudinally over a 3-year follow-up period. The secondary objective was to determine whether sex differences exist in specific domains of functional capacity of walking speed and lower extremity functional strength.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of data of individuals with stroke from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. For the cross-sectional analyses, general linear models were used to examine differences between 293 men and 427 women in SPPB, walking speed, and the 5-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSST). For the longitudinal analysis, survey-weighted, multivariable-adjusted generalized linear mixed models were used to compare 3-year trajectories in SPPB scores between the sexes (87 men, 153 women).

Results
Women had lower SPPB scores at baseline (difference = 0.9, linearized SE = 0.3) and over 3 years. SPPB scores declined similarly between men and women. Women had lower walking speed (difference = 0.08 m/s, SE = 0.02) as compared with men, but men and women had similar 5XSST scores (difference = 0.6 seconds, SE = 0.5).

Conclusion
Older women with stroke have clinically meaningfully lower overall functional capacity as compared with older men but decline at a similar rate over time. Walking speed was lower in older women with stroke, but similar between sexes in 5XSST.

Impact
Women with stroke have poorer functional capacity compared with men, which reinforces the importance of targeted stroke rehabilitation strategies to address these sex-specific disparities.

Lay Summary
Women with stroke have poorer outcomes in terms of their ability to move around the community when compared with men. However, both men and women with stroke have similar physical functioning over time.
Systemic Discrimination Among Large U.S. Employers
Authors: Kline Patrick , Rose Evan K , Walters Christopher R 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the results of a massive nationwide correspondence experiment sending more than 83,000 fictitious applications with randomized characteristics to geographically dispersed jobs posted by 108 of the largest U.S. employers. Distinctively Black names reduce the probability of employer contact by 2.1 percentage points relative to distinctively white names. The magnitude of this racial gap in contact rates differs substantially across firms, exhibiting a between-company standard deviation of 1.9 percentage points. Despite an insignificant average gap in contact rates between male and female applicants, we find a between-company standard deviation in gender contact gaps of 2.7 percentage points, revealing that some firms favor male applicants and others favor women. Company-specific racial contact gaps are temporally and spatially persistent, and negatively correlated with firm profitability, federal contractor status, and a measure of recruiting centralization. Discrimination exhibits little geographical dispersion, but two-digit industry explains roughly half of the cross-firm variation in both racial and gender contact gaps. Contact gaps are highly concentrated in particular companies, with firms in the top quintile of racial discrimination responsible for nearly half of lost contacts to Black applicants in the experiment. Controlling false discovery rates to the 5% level, 23 companies are found to discriminate against Black applicants. Our findings establish that discrimination against distinctively Black names is concentrated among a select set of large employers, many of which can be identified with high confidence using large-scale inference methods.
Combined plasma metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis identify histidine as a biomarker and potential contributor in SLE pathogenesis
Authors: Iwasaki Yukiko , Takeshima Yusuke , Nakano Masahiro , Okubo Mai , Ota Mineto , Suzuki Akari , Kochi Yuta , Okamura Tomohisa , Endo Takaho , Miki Ichiro , Sakurada Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Fujio Keishi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate metabolite alterations in the plasma of SLE patients to identify novel biomarkers and provide insight into SLE pathogenesis.

Methods
Patients with SLE (n = 41, discovery cohort and n = 37, replication cohort), healthy controls (n = 30 and n = 29) and patients with RA (n = 19, disease control) were recruited. Metabolic profiles of the plasma samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Transcriptome data was analysed using RNA-sequencing for 18 immune cell subsets. The importance of histidine (His) in plasmablast differentiation was investigated by using mouse splenic B cells.

Results
We demonstrate that a specific amino acid combination including His can effectively distinguish between SLE patients and healthy controls. Random forest and partial least squares-discriminant analysis identified His as an effective classifier for SLE patients. A decrease in His plasma levels correlated with damage accrual independent of prednisolone dosage and type I IFN signature. The oxidative phosphorylation signature in plasmablasts negatively correlated with His levels. We also showed that plasmablast differentiation induced by innate immune signals was dependent on His.

Conclusions
Plasma His levels are a potential biomarker for SLE patients and are associated with damage accrual. Our data suggest the importance of His as a pathogenic metabolite in SLE pathogenesis.
Dynamic Patterns of Symptoms and Functioning in Predicting Deliberate Self-harm in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders Over 3 Years
Authors: Wong Ting Yat , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Cheung Charlton , Lai Ming Hui Christy , Suen Yi Nam , Chang Wing Chung , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with schizophrenia have a significant risk of self-harm. We aimed to explore the dynamic relationship between symptomatology, functioning and deliberate self-harm (DSH) and evaluate the feasibility of developing a self-harm risk prediction tool for patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).

Methods
Patients with FES (n = 1234) were followed up for 36 months. Symptomatology, functioning, treatment adherence and self-harm information were obtained monthly over the follow-up period. A time-varying vector autoregressive (VAR) model was used to study the contribution of clinical variables to self-harm over the 36th month. Random forest models for self-harm were established to classify the individuals with self-harm and predict future self-harm events.

Results
Over a 36-month period, 187 patients with FES had one or more self-harm events. The depressive symptoms contributed the most to self-harm prediction during the first year, while the importance of positive psychotic symptoms increased from the second year onwards. The random forest model with all static information and symptom instability achieved a good area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC = 0.77 ± 0.023) for identifying patients with DSH. With a sliding window analysis, the averaged AUROC of predicting a self-event was 0.65 ± 0.102 (ranging from 0.54 to 0.78) with the best model being 6-month predicted future 6-month self-harm for month 11–23 (AUROC = 0.7).

Conclusions
Results highlight the importance of the dynamic relationship of depressive and positive psychotic symptoms with self-harm and the possibility of self-harm prediction in FES with longitudinal clinical data.
BMP-AKT-GSK3β Signaling Restores Hair Follicle Stem Cells Decrease Associated with Loss of Sfrp1
Authors: Sunkara Raghava R , Mehta Darshan , Sarate Rahul M , Waghmare Sanjeev K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating activation, proliferation, stem cell renewal, and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (Sfrp1), a Wnt antagonist is upregulated in the HFSCs; however, its role in the HFSCs regulation is still obscure. Here, we show that Sfrp1 loss showed a depletion of HFSCs, enhanced HFSC proliferation, and faster hair follicle cycle at PD21-PD28; HFSC markers, such as Lgr5 and Axin2, were decreased in both the Sfrp1+/− and Sfrp1−/− HFSCs. In addition, the second hair follicle cycle was also faster compared with WT. Importantly, Sfrp1−/− showed a restoration of HFSC by second telogen (PD49), whereas Sfrp1+/− did not show restoration with still having a decreased HFSC. In fact, restoration of HFSCs was due to a pronounced downregulation of β-catenin activity mediated through a cross-talk of BMP-AKT-GSK3β signaling in Sfrp1−/− compared with Sfrp1+/−, where downregulation was less pronounced. In cultured keratinocytes, Sfrp1 loss resulted in enhanced proliferation and clonogenicity, which were reversed by treating with either BMPR1A or GSK3β inhibitor thereby confirming BMP-AKT-GSK3β signaling involved in β-catenin regulation in both the Sfrp1+/− and Sfrp1−/− mice. Our study reveals a novel function of Sfrp1 by unraveling an in vivo molecular mechanism that regulates the HFSCs pool mediated through a hitherto unknown cross-talk of BMP-AKT-GSK3β signaling that maintains stem cell pool balance, which in turn maintains skin tissue homeostasis.
Microphysiological Systems Evaluation: Experience of TEX-VAL Tissue Chip Testing Consortium
Authors: Rusyn Ivan , Sakolish Courtney , Kato Yuki , Stephan Clifford , Vergara Leoncio , Hewitt Philip , Bhaskaran Vasanthi , Davis Myrtle , Hardwick Rhiannon N , Ferguson Stephen S , Stanko Jason P , Bajaj Piyush , Adkins Karissa , Sipes Nisha S , Hunter E Sidney , Baltazar Maria T , Carmichael Paul L , Sadh Kritika , Becker Richard A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Much has been written and said about the promise and excitement of microphysiological systems, miniature devices that aim to recreate aspects of human physiology on a chip. The rapid explosion of the offerings and persistent publicity placed high expectations on both product manufacturers and regulatory agencies to adopt the data. Inevitably, discussions of where this technology fits in chemical testing paradigms are ongoing. Some end-users became early adopters, whereas others have taken a more cautious approach because of the high cost and uncertainties of their utility. Here, we detail the experience of a public-private collaboration established for testing of diverse microphysiological systems. Collectively, we present a number of considerations on practical aspects of using microphysiological systems in the context of their applications in decision-making. Specifically, future end-users need to be prepared for extensive on-site optimization and have access to a wide range of imaging and other equipment. We reason that cells, related reagents, and the technical skills of the research staff, not the devices themselves, are the most critical determinants of success. Extrapolation from concentration-response effects in microphysiological systems to human blood or oral exposures, difficulties with replicating the whole organ, and long-term functionality remain as critical challenges. Overall, we conclude that it is unlikely that a rodent- or human-equivalent model is achievable through a finite number of microphysiological systems in the near future; therefore, building consensus and promoting the gradual incorporation of these models into tiered approaches for safety assessment and decision-making is the sensible path to wide adoption.
A review of passenger ride comfort in railway: assessment and improvement method
Authors: Peng Yong , Zhou Jiahao , Fan Chaojie , Wu Zhifa , Zhou Wenjun , Sun Dayan , Lin Yating , Xu Diya , Xu Qian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPassenger ride comfort has become a focus of attention in rail transportation equipment design, manufacture and later operation to meet people's demand for travel quality. However, comfort is a very subjective concept, which is difficult to quantify and evaluate directly, and can be affected by various factors, leading to the corresponding technologies for ride comfort improvement becoming diverse. In this paper, recent research on the assessment method and improvement measures of railway passenger ride comfort is reviewed. The main types of ride comfort are summarized first according to the sources of discomfort, including static comfort, vibration comfort, noise comfort, aural pressure comfort, thermal comfort and visual comfort. The current assessment methods of ride comfort are introduced from the aspects of environmental parameters and human parameters based on the nature of evaluation indicators. Finally, the improvement technologies for each type of ride comfort are presented.
13Posthumanisms
Authors: Nayar Pramod K 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPosthumanism as a school of thought and a theme in literary and cultural texts strives to keep pace with developments such as terraforming or genetic engineering, but also engages philosophically and politically with those developments, in the form of enunciating questions about human identity, nonhuman agency, and ethics. In more recent times, posthuman thought has moved into areas as diverse as climate change, the Anthropocene, legal identity, and pedagogy. It also continues, as this chapter’s review of books, book chapters, and journal articles published in the year 2021 shows, to be interested in legal subjectivity, ideas of personhood, human genealogy, and their cultural expressions in the form of pop culture and literary texts. The chapter is divided into seven sections: 1. Surveying Posthumanism; 2. Posthumanisms and the Anthropocene; 3. Posthuman Performance; 4. Transhumanism; 5. Posthumanism, Law, and Ethics; 6. Posthumanism and the Pandemic; 7. Conclusion.