bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei Disks with Gravitational Waves
Authors: Vajpeyi Avi , Thrane Eric , Smith Rory , McKernan Barry , Saavik Ford K. E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are promising environments for the assembly of merging binary black hole (BBH) systems. Interest in AGNs as nurseries for merging BBHs is rising, following the detection of gravitational waves from a BBH system from the purported pair-instability mass gap, most notably GW190521. AGNs have also been invoked to explain the formation of the high-mass-ratio system GW190814. We draw on simulations of BBH systems in AGNs to propose a phenomenological model for the distribution of black hole spins of merging binaries in AGN disks. The model incorporates distinct features that make the AGN channel potentially distinguishable from other channels, such as assembly in the field and in globular clusters. The model parameters can be mapped heuristically to the age and density of the AGN disks. We estimate the extent to which different populations of mergers in AGNs can be distinguished. If the majority of merging black holes are assembled in AGNs, future gravitational-wave observations may provide insights into the dynamics of AGN disks.
Ma matire est del plus prodome : construction du discours biographique dans l’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal
Authors: Sartenar Aude 
Published: May 2022

L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal est une biographie chevaleresque anglo-normande rédigée entre 1224 et 1226 par un certain Jean le Trouvère. Souvent étudiée comme témoignage de première main sur les mœurs de l’aristocratie anglo-normande de la fin du xiie siècle, ce récit revêt un intérêt particulier en raison des nombreuses interventions du narrateur. Deux conclusions peuvent être dégagées à la fin de cette étude : d’une part, l’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal présente suffisamment de divergences avec le corpus bourguignon du xve siècle pour la considérer comme appartenant à une tradition différente. D’autre part, la notion d’hybridité qui s’attache au genre spécifique de la biographie chevaleresque ne peut pas être validée, car cette dernière est régie selon un système propre et indépendant de ses sources d’inspiration que sont l’hagiographie, l’épopée, l’hagiographie et le roman.
Virtual Reality Simulator Face Validity for Topographic Real Situation of Inflated Abdomen
Authors: Tas Tuncay , Çakiroglu Basri , Akdeniz Esra , Hazar Ismet A , Balci Can 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate the face validity of LapSIM® (haptic feedback Xitact™ IHP, Mentice AB, Sweden) for the topographic real condition of the inflated abdomen in upper urinary tract laparoscopic interventions.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted with 30 urologists with experience in transperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery. Surgeons were divided into three groups: novices, intermediate experience, and experts. After performing the tasks, the participants were then asked to finish a five-item questionnaire regarding the face validity of the simulator. Participants answered questions with ratings from 1 (not realistic/useful) to 5 (very realistic/useful).

Results:
The mean age of the study group was 38.33 ± 5.45 (29–47) years. The mean years of experience of the doctors were 4.27 ± 1.89 (1–7) years. All the variables showed significant differences from the ideal value of 5. We also tested whether the medians differed from 3, and the restrained body posture of the surgeon, the monitor position, and the trocar position not show significance with one-sidedPvalue ofP= 0.825,P= 0.992, andP= 0.265, respectively.

Conclusion:
Although the LapSIM® virtual reality simulator provides face validity for the topographic real condition of the inflated abdomen, it should be improved.
Prevalence of Underweight, Stunting, Wasting and Obesity among Urban School Going Children – Need for Action
Authors: Tyagi Shikha , Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Ramakrishna Taramangalam Sethuraman , Chourey Niraj , Ghodke Sandhya 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The mental and physical growth, nutritional status, academic achievements of school-going children in the age group of 6-15 years are some of the important factors that would play a key role in shaping the future of our country in the coming years.

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and obesity among urban school going children of Western Maharashtra, India so that corrective actions can be taken to improve the nutritional status.

Methodology:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on children aged 6-15 years studying in urban schools of Western Maharashtra. 2276 children were included in the study and a simple random sampling technique was used to select the sections of classes I to X standard. All children belonging to that section were included in the study. Institutional ethical clearance was taken, and informed consent was taken from all parents. Data was collected by the investigator himself by using a standard protocol and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques.

Results:
In our study, according to WHO MGRS standards, the total prevalence of underweight was 3.57% among 5-9 years old children. Out of this, 0.4% of children were severely underweight. 3.3% boys and 3.87% girls were underweight. Stunting was observed in 1.4% of children. About 0.1% of children were severely stunted. Sex specific prevalence observed was 1.2% in boys and 1.8% in girls. Wasting was observed in 11.1% children. About 1.9% children were severely wasted. Among boys, 12.6% were wasted. As for girls, 9.3% were wasted. About 19.1% and 5.1% children were overweight and obese, respectively. Sex distribution for overweight was, 22.1% boys and 15.2% girls and that for obesity was, 6.4% boys and 3.4% girls.

Conclusion:
Although the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was less among the study participants, nutritional education should be imparted to children, regarding the type of food to be eaten, major food groups, nutritive value of various foods, and common nutritional problems and their effects. Overweight and obesity prevalence was high, hence requiring special emphasis to be given to these children. Health education should be imparted to parents during parent teacher meetings and IEC campaigns, regarding correct dietary practices such as food diversification and common nutritional problems in children and their consequences.
The Spectrum of External Dysmorphic Features among Newborns
Authors: Sunil O. , Trinesh Gowda M. S. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There is a frequent underreporting of minor congenital anomalies. The present study was conducted to identify and record the birth defects (external dysmorphism) among newborns delivered in district hospital attached to Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, for a duration of 1 year.

Methodology:
After obtaining the parent's written informed consent, newborns were examined for birth defects (visible external dysmorphic features). The details were recorded in the self-designed proforma, and findings/data were statistically studied. Birth defects were analyzed using the WHO International Classification of Diseases 10 reference guide.

Results:
During the present study, 502 live newborns were examined physically for external dysmorphic features and 17 cases were diagnosed as external congenital dysmorphism. In the present study, the frequency of congenital external dysmorphism was 3.4% and the most common system involved was a musculoskeletal system followed by cutaneous and central nervous system anomalies. We report five cases of talipes equinovarus, two cases of preauricular skin tags, one case each of polydactyly, syndactyly, harlequin ichthyosis, VACTERAL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities) association, Down syndrome, spina bifida cystica, spina bifida occulta, preauricular tags, preauricular sinus, cleft hard palate, and cleft lip with palate among other congenital anomalies noted.

Conclusion:
In the present study, the frequency of congenital external dysmorphism was 3.4% and the most common system involved was a musculoskeletal system (41.2%).
Anatomy of Lateral Pectoral Nerve and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Madhavan C. Manju , Rajasekharan Sreekumar , Varghese Susan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Anatomy of the pectoral nerves is very important for surgeons who plan pectoral nerve grafts, breast augmentation surgeries, and radical mastectomies. The correlates given in literature are contradictory in nature. Hence, a study was planned to elucidate the anatomy of lateral pectoral nerves (LPNs).

Methodology:
40 pectoral regions of embalmed cadavers were dissected. Number, location, length, diameter, branches, and distribution of the LPN were noted. They were grouped according to the number and pattern of origin.

Results:
Two LPN were found in 77.5% of the specimens, with origins from the lateral cord of brachial plexus either from a common point (45%) or separately (32.5%). Superior LPN (SLPN) was closely related to cephalic vein, had a mean length of 4.7 cm, diameter of 1.9 mm and had two branches supplying clavicular head of pectoralis major. A shorter SLPN of average length 1.55 cm was noted when it pierced the pectoralis minor muscle proximally (32.5%). Inferior LPN (ILPN) was closely related to thoracoacromial vessels, had a mean length of 3.6 cm, diameter 1.7 mm and had two branches, one supplying sternocostal head of pectoralis major and the other communicating with medial pectoral nerve. In 95% of the specimens, both these nerves could be identified just below the clavicle, at the junction between its middle and lateral thirds. In cases with single LPN (7 specimens), it branched into SLPN and ILPN.

Conclusion:
The anatomy of LPN is variable and important while exploring the pectoral region during surgeries.
Food vendors and school management compliance to home grown school feeding programme implementation module in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas K.A. , Nwokocha J.C. 
Published: May 2022

Compliance to National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme’s (NHGSFP) implementation module among food vendors and schoolmanagement in Osun State was investigated. Four stage sampling procedure was used to select 144 respondents. Interview schedule was used to gather data from respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation). The mean household size was 5 ( x̄ = 5±2). All the food vendors and 76.4% of theschool management were female with mean age of 36 and 39 ( x̄ = 36±5 and x̄ = 39±8), respectively. Vendors (65.3%) and school management (58.3%)had high knowledge of NHGSFP, while 52.8% of food vendors and 50.0% of the school management had favourable attitude towards NHGSFP. The major constraints were inadequate funding ( x̄ = 2.34) and untimely payment( x̄ = 1.74) and ranking 1st and 2nd, respectively. However, taking food home (2.10) was the major sharp practice reported. More than half (51.4%) of the respondents complied with NHGSFP implementation module. Food vendors’ (r=0.268) and school managements’ attitude towards NHGSFP (r = 0.241) were significantly related with compliance to NHGSFP implementation module. Compliance to NHGSFP implementation module was moderately high (55.6%). Sharp practices by both food vendors (r= -0.461) and managements (r = -0.439) were negatively significant to compliance. The compliance level observed was not very high enough for sustainability of the programme due to the various sharp practices and constraints faced by the programme. Hence, better modalities against sharp practices should be put in place as well as proper orientation of key actors in the programme.
İlkokullarda Yetiştirme Programı’nın (İYEP) Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özdoğru Mehmet 
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı; İlkokullarda Yetiştirme Programı’nın (İYEP) eğitime katkılarını ve uygulama sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunları, programda görev alan öğretmenlerin görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2018-2019 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Eskişehir Odunpazarı ilçesinde ilkokullarda görev yapan 20 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formunun kullanıldığı araştırmada verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre öğretmenler ilkokullarda yetiştirme programının olumlu fakat eksik tarafları olduğu yönünde görüş belirtmiştir. Programın eğitim-öğretime katkısına ilişkin öğretmenlerin tamamına yakını akademik başarıyı arttırdığı ve öğrencilere bireysel destek sağladığı düşüncesindedir. Bununla birlikte programa dahil olan öğrencilerin derse katılımının arttığı, programın ders performansını, motivasyon düzeyini ve özgüveni arttırmada olumlu katkılarının olduğu, öğrencilerde kaygının azalmasına neden olduğu, fırsat ve imkân eşitliği sağlamada katkısının olduğu öğretmenlerin ifadelerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Programda görülen başlıca sorunlar; modüllere ayrılan sürelerin yetersiz olması, öğrencinin programa katılımının veli isteğine bırakılması, devamsızlığın fazla olması, programda görev alanlara ödenen ücretin düşüklüğü ve programın 3. sınıflardan itibaren başlamasının geç olması olarak ifade edilmiştir.
Self-Leadership and Leisure Management of Sports Science Students in the Online Education Process
Authors: Karagöz Şeniz , Dinç Halime , Kaya Didem Gülçin 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the self-leadership and leisure management of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the online education process. The sample group of the research is formed from the students studying in different departments of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, in the 2020-2021 academic year, a total of 195 students, including 97 female and 98 male. As a data collection tool, "Self-Leadership Scale", "Leisure Management Scale" and "Personal Information Form" consisting of demographic variables were used in the research. In the data analysis, descriptive statistical methods, t test from independent samples, and one-way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) were used. In addition, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to determine the subdimensions of the relevant scales and correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the scales. In line with the findings of the study, it was determined that the self-leadership levels of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences during the online education process were close to perfect, and the levels of leisure management were close to good. In some subdimensions of the relevant scales; a significant difference according to gender, age and department variables has been found. A low-level meaningful relationship between self-leadership and leisure management has also been found. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Faculty of Sports Sciences students with formal education experience had a better level of self-leadership and leisure management than the students who participated directly in the educational process online.
IMPACT OF HYDROLYZED CAMEL´S WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON SOFT CHEESE QUALITY
Authors: Adel Ekbal , Nafei Eman , Elbarbary Hend , Mohammed Hamdi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The current study’s aim is to investigate the effect of hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPC) derived from camel’s milk on quality and organoleptic properties of soft cheese during refrigerated storage.
Methodology: Two concentrations (10 and 20 mg/g) of camel´s WPC and its hydrolysates [pepsin (P) and pepsin-trypsin (P-T) hydrolysates] were incorborated in to soft cheese and their effects on total bacterial, phsychrophilic, aerobic spore formers, coliforms and yeast & mold counts were calculated till end of refrigerated storage peroid. Also, flavour, texture and appearance of treated cheese groups were evaluated compared to control one.
Findings: The results revealed that the higher concentration of WPC and its hydrolysates, the more significant decrease in the microbial load and increase the shelf life up to 34th days with P-T hydrolysate (20 mg/g) compared with the control with a shelf-life of 18th days only at refrigerated temperature (4oC).This hydrolysate showed also the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH%) of 34.06% ± 1.53 and protein concentration of 30.72%± 3.16. The maximum score for body, and texture and appearance was recorded for the cheese sample containing P-T hydrolysate (20 mg/g), while the maximum flavour score was recorded to pepsin (P) hydrolysate (10 mg/g), compared with unhydrolyzed WPC concentrations and control soft cheese groups.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study was conducted to elaborate antimicrobials from camel´s WPC after enzymatic hydrolysis which could serve as a potential natural presrvatives in soft cheese without altering the sensory characteristics.
Mentorship in Radiography: an Indispensable Tool for Sustainable Healthcare Transformation
Authors: Chugozie I Nwobi , Luntsi Geofery , Nkubli Flavious B. , Moi Silas A. , Abubakar Matthew G. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across different walks of life owing to the significant benefits attached to it.
Purpose: This paper intends to discuss the need for mentorship in radiography, as an indispensable tool for a sustainable healthcare transformation, taking clues from other health science disciplines and medicine.
Method: Authors reviewed relevant literature on the subject to have an in-depth and updated knowledge both in the health sciences as well as in other disciplines. Search engines such as Google Scholar, My Websearch, and data base such as Science Direct, Hinari, Taylor and Francis and Medknow were consulted. Several articles that discussed mentorship across various disciplines were reviewed. Those with ideas and concepts that fit into the purpose of the study were included.
Results: Several definitions and types of mentorship exist across different walks of life based on literature. However, we decided to adopt the definition of mentorship and types of mentorship by Feldman, who defined mentorship as a dynamic, reciprocal relationship in a work environment between an advanced career incumbent and a beginner, aimed at promoting the development of both. The uniform agreement across various disciplines is that mentoring is a crucial component of success. However, its application in radiography is inadequate.
Conclusion: In view of the apparent benefits accruable to mentorship globally, stakeholders in radiography should make mentorship a priority, if we must maintain our role in a sustainable healthcare transformation.
Comparison of Calculated Percentage Depth Doses at Extended Source-to-Surface Distance for 6 MV And 15 MV Photon Beam of a Linear Accelerator
Authors: Umar Ibrahim , Idris Mustapha M. , Abdullahi Mundi A. , Dlama Joseph Z 
Published: May 2022

Background: Research findings from percentage depth dose (PDD) are crucial in evaluating patient doses received in radiation therapy.
Objective: To compare calculated percentage depth doses at an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of a linear accelerator.
Methodology: Measured PDD values of the 100 cm source to surface distance (SSD) and calculated values at extended SSDs for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of an Elekta NHA SLi 1998 linear accelerator were analyzed. The PDD data was collected by placing ionization chamber inside water phantom for depths ranging from z = 0 - 30 cm in a water phantom and using a square field sizes of 10 x 10 cm2. Photon energies of 6 MV and 15 MV were used for the measurement, with both gantry and collimator angles fixed at zero degree. PDD was calculated at extended SSD of 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, and 140 cm from the measured PDD values of 100 cm SSD for both 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies using Mayneord factor.
Results: The depth dose maximum (Dmax) for field size 10 x 10 cm2 for 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies were 1.62 cm and 2.65 cm, respectively and the PDD at 10 cm (D10) were 67.9% and 75.9%, respectively. The mean deviation of the calculated PDD at extended SSDs was found to be between 0.2% and 1%.
Conclusion: The calculated PDD values at extended SSDs are considered suitable for clinical use at all clinically relevant depths and field sizes.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevalence Among Clinical Radiographers in Teaching Hospitals in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Sunday Victory , Umar Mohammed Sani , Ahmad Nafiu Mohd , Joseph Zira Dlama 
Published: May 2022

Background: The components and activities within the scope of radiography practice pose high risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) to radiographers in the course of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of WMSDs and identify the possible causes among radiographers within the study locality.
Methods: A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all registered and licensed radiographers working in teaching hospitals within the region. The questionnaire contained 21 questions, divided into 3 sections; “A” captured demographic data; “B” captured educational qualifications and work experience; and “C” captured the prevalence, possible causes and responses to WRMSDs.
Results: The respondents were basically within the age range of 21 – 30 years (66.6%), with most of them being male. Most radiographers had clinical working experience between 1 to 10 years, and worked between 6-8 hours and above daily, with a case load of 30 patients and above. The reported case of WRMSD was 93.3%. The major identified causes of WRMSDs were maintaining of prolonged static position (20%), and frequent bending and twisting (16.7%). This study showed no statistically significant correlation between gender and WRMSDs.
Conclusion: There was remarkable evidence of WRMSDs among the practicing clinical radiographers within the North-Western Nigeria.
Development and Optimization of Surface and Volume Radiofrequency Coils Suitable for Fast-Field-Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI)
Authors: Abubakar Umar , Broch Lionel , Ugwu Chukwuka Anthony , Audu Sadiq Abubakar , Danfulani Mohammed , Mohammed Abacha , Mohammed Abacha , Miftaudeen Nike Mutiat 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate a modelling and design methodology employed in constructing and optimizing radiofrequency (RF) coils suitable for use with the whole-body fast-field-cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI). It is also aimed at comparing the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the various types of surface RF coils constructed at the initial and final stages of this research.
Methodology: An experimental study carried out at Biomedical MRI Laboratory at University of Aberdeen. Various designs of RF coil were constructed, optimized and tested with network/signal analyser for use with an experimental FFC - MRI scanner, operating at a detection magnetic field of 0.2 T (proton Larmor frequency of 8.5 MHz). The coils comprised circular loop (CL) RF – receive surface coil and a birdcage RF – transmit volume coil. The intrinsic parameters of the CL coils were measured using a search-coil field probe and a network/signal analyser.
Results: The CL surface coil constructed with copper wire had resonant frequency of 8.46 MHz and Quality factor (Q – factor) of 47.1 while the resonant frequency of the one constructed with litz wire was 8.54 MHz and Q - factor of 85.4 MHz. The intrinsic parameter of the birdcage volume coil was 8.48 MHz and Q - factor of 102.
Conclusion: Bench testing of the coils showed promise as receiver and transmit coils for the FFC-MRI system