bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perforated cuspal aneurysm of aortic valve following infective endocarditis presenting as complete heart block: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Kunal Shekhar , Shah Bhushan , Bagarhatta Rajeev , Verma Hemlata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aortic cuspal aneurysm is a rare clinical entity and often occurs as a complication of infective endocarditis. We report a case of a 30-year-old male with no prior comorbid conditions who presented with fever, acute onset shortness of breath, and chest pain along with multiple episodes of syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed complete heart block while two-dimensional echocardiogram was suggestive of perforated aortic cuspal aneurysm with aortic regurgitation. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus viridans. The patient was initiated on broad spectrum antibiotics, temporary pacemaker implantation, and subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement followed by permanent pacemaker implantation after 6 weeks. A diagnosis of perforated aortic cuspal aneurysm subsequent to infective endocarditis was made. This was based on clinical presentation, echocardiographic evaluation, blood cultures, and surgical as well as histopathological findings.
Message in a Bottle—Metabarcoding enables biodiversity comparisons across ecoregions
Authors: Steinke D , deWaard S L , Sones J E , Ivanova N V , Prosser S W J , Perez K , Braukmann T W A , Milton M , Zakharov E V , deWaard J R , Ratnasingham S , Hebert P D N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Traditional biomonitoring approaches have delivered a basic understanding of biodiversity, but they cannot support the large-scale assessments required to manage and protect entire ecosystems. This study used DNA metabarcoding to assess spatial and temporal variation in species richness and diversity in arthropod communities from 52 protected areas spanning 3 Canadian ecoregions.

Results
This study revealed the presence of 26,263 arthropod species in the 3 ecoregions and indicated that at least another 3,000–5,000 await detection. Results further demonstrate that communities are more similar within than between ecoregions, even after controlling for geographical distance. Overall α-diversity declined from east to west, reflecting a gradient in habitat disturbance. Shifts in species composition were high at every site, with turnover greater than nestedness, suggesting the presence of many transient species.

Conclusions
Differences in species composition among their arthropod communities confirm that ecoregions are a useful synoptic for biogeographic patterns and for structuring conservation efforts. The present results also demonstrate that metabarcoding enables large-scale monitoring of shifts in species composition, making it possible to move beyond the biomass measurements that have been the key metric used in prior efforts to track change in arthropod communities.
Near-real-time detection of co-seismic ionospheric disturbances using machine learning
Authors: Brissaud Quentin , Astafyeva Elvira 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY
Tsunamis generated by large earthquake-induced displacements of the ocean floor can lead to tragic consequences for coastal communities. Measurements of co-seismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) offer a unique solution to characterize an earthquake’s tsunami potential in near-real-time (NRT) since CIDs can be detected within 15 min of a seismic event. However, the detection of CIDs relies on human experts, which currently prevents the deployment of ionospheric methods in NRT. To address this critical lack of automatic procedure, we designed a machine-learning-based framework to (1) classify ionospheric waveforms into CIDs and noise, (2) pick CID arrival times and (3) associate arrivals across a satellite network in NRT. Machine-learning models (random forests) trained over an extensive ionospheric waveform data set show excellent classification and arrival-time picking performances compared to existing detection procedures, which paves the way for the NRT imaging of surface displacements from the ionosphere.
Stigma Dynamics: Russia and the Crisis of Liberal Ordering
Authors: Rogstad Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concepts of stigma and stigmatization have recently made inroads into IR. However, scholarship on stigmatization has primarily focused on discrete instances of stigmatization and stigma management for the purposes of comparison. Less has been written about how the dynamics of stigmatization processes can alter over time as actors change stigma-management tactics and stigmatization varies in intensity, and the effect this may have on social norms. To that end, this article introduces a distinction between direct and diffuse forms of stigmatization that, when combined with different forms of stigma management, lead to changes in stigma dynamics over time. It applies this distinction to Russian stigma management vis-à-vis liberal international order, specifically the norms of democracy and human rights that constitute a “normal” for states to aspire to, any deviance from which requires stigma management. By outlining the interactive process of Russia's stigma management in relation to these norms since the end of the Cold War, and the degrees of direct and diffuse stigmatization of Russia by the norms’ promoters, the article also seeks to make a contribution to work on the crisis of liberal international order, aligning itself with contributions focused on the co-constitution of order through processes of ordering. The article proposes that stigmatization is a constitutive mechanism of liberal ordering and that some of the explanation for the supposed crisis of liberal order is the alteration of international stigma dynamics.
Structural and biochemical analyses of the nucleosome containing Komagataella pastoris histones
Authors: Fukushima Yutaro , Hatazawa Suguru , Hirai Seiya , Kujirai Tomoya , Ehara Haruhiko , Sekine Shun-ichi , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Kurumizaka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Komagataella pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that is commonly used as a host cell for protein production. In the present study, we reconstituted the nucleosome with K. pastoris histones and determined the structure of the nucleosome core particle by cryogenic electron microscopy. In the K. pastoris nucleosome, the histones form an octamer and the DNA is left-handedly wrapped around it. Micrococcal nuclease assays revealed that the DNA ends of the K. pastoris nucleosome are somewhat more accessible, as compared with those of the human nucleosome. In vitro transcription assays demonstrated that the K. pastoris nucleosome is transcribed by the K. pastoris RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) more efficiently than the human nucleosome, while the RNAPII pausing positions of the K. pastoris nucleosome are the same as those of the human nucleosome. These results suggested that the DNA end flexibility may enhance the transcription efficiency in the nucleosome but minimally affect the nucleosomal pausing positions of RNAPII.
Salvage of an iatrogenic partial allograft nephrectomy during caesarean section—a case report
Authors: Shaheen Mohammed F , Alsugair Sulaiman , AbuMelha Saad M , Almarastani Mohamad , Altheaby Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since transplanted kidney allografts are standardly placed in a heterotopic pelvic position, any surgical intervention in the pelvis carries the potential risk for allograft injury. A 41-year-old female G4P2 with history of prior kidney transplants presented for an elective cesarean sections (CS). During the CS, profound bleeding was encountered and was later realized to be from the transplanted kidney allograft. A complete transection of the upper pole with the injury extending to the hilar structures was noted. Careful intraoperative evaluation led to the decision favoring a salvage attempt of the remaining part of the allograft. The patient continues to enjoy sufficient allograft function 6 months after the incident. To conclude, although CS after kidney transplantation is considered safe, the risk of allograft injury remains possible with potentially catastrophic consequences. This case highlights the importance of rapid surgical expertise and appropriate preoperative evaluation, preparation and planning.
Deciphering the Lyman-α emission line: towards the understanding of galactic properties extracted from Lyα spectra via radiative transfer modelling
Authors: Li Zhihui , Gronke Max 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Existing ubiquitously in the Universe with the highest luminosity, the Lyman-α (Lyα) emission line encodes abundant physical information about the gaseous medium it interacts with. Nevertheless, the resonant nature of the Lyα line complicates the radiative transfer (RT) modelling of the line profile. We revisit the problem of deciphering the Lyα emission line with RT modelling. We reveal intrinsic parameter degeneracies in the widely used shell model in the optically thick regime for both static and outflowing cases, which suggest the limitations of the model. We also explore the connection between the more physically realistic multiphase, clumpy model, and the shell model. We find that the parameters of a ‘very clumpy’ slab model and the shell model have the following correspondences: (1) the total column density, the effective temperature, and the average radial clump outflow velocity of the clumpy slab model are equal to the H i column density, effective temperature, and expansion velocity of the shell model, respectively; (2) large intrinsic linewidths are required in the shell model to reproduce the wings of the clumpy slab models; (3) adding another phase of hot interclump medium increases peak separation, and the fitted shell expansion velocity lies between the outflow velocities of two phases of gas. Our results provide a viable solution to the major discrepancies associated with Lyα fitting reported in previous literature, and emphasize the importance of utilizing information from additional observations to break the intrinsic degeneracies and interpreting the model parameters in a more physically realistic context.
sRNAbench and sRNAtoolbox 2022 update: accurate miRNA and sncRNA profiling for model and non-model organisms
Authors: Aparicio-Puerta Ernesto , Gómez-Martín Cristina , Giannoukakos Stavros , Medina José María , Scheepbouwer Chantal , García-Moreno Adrián , Carmona-Saez Pedro , Fromm Bastian , Pegtel Michiel , Keller Andreas , Marchal Juan Antonio , Hackenberg Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The NCBI Sequence Read Archive currently hosts microRNA sequencing data for over 800 different species, evidencing the existence of a broad taxonomic distribution in the field of small RNA research. Simultaneously, the number of samples per miRNA-seq study continues to increase resulting in a vast amount of data that requires accurate, fast and user-friendly analysis methods. Since the previous release of sRNAtoolbox in 2019, 55 000 sRNAbench jobs have been submitted which has motivated many improvements in its usability and the scope of the underlying annotation database. With this update, users can upload an unlimited number of samples or import them from Google Drive, Dropbox or URLs. Micro- and small RNA profiling can now be carried out using high-confidence Metazoan and plant specific databases, MirGeneDB and PmiREN respectively, together with genome assemblies and libraries from 441 Ensembl species. The new results page includes straightforward sample annotation to allow downstream differential expression analysis with sRNAde. Unassigned reads can also be explored by means of a new tool that performs mapping to microbial references, which can reveal contamination events or biologically meaningful findings as we describe in the example. sRNAtoolbox is available at: https://arn.ugr.es/srnatoolbox/.
High Rates of Asymptomatic Mycoplasma genitalium Infections With High Proportion of Genotypic Resistance to First-Line Macrolide Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Enrolled in the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Study
Authors: Ring Alexander , Balakrishna Suraj , Imkamp Frank , Burkard Sara , Triet Flurina , Brunschweiler Flurina , Grube Christina , Bodmer Rebecca , Kouyos Roger D , Günthard Huldrych F , Braun Dominique L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen among men who have sex with men (MSM). Resistance to recommended antimicrobial agents are of public health concern. Few data exist on Mg infections in MSM diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during primary HIV infection.

Methods
Participants of the Zurich Primary HIV Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT 00537966) were systematically offered screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between April 2019 and September 2020. Screening was performed using an in-house polymerase chain reaction panel comprising Mg including genotypic resistance testing for macrolides and quinolones, Chlamydia trachomatis including serovars L1-L3, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Hemophilus ducreyi.

Results
We screened 148 of 266 (55.6%) participants, with an overall total of 415 follow-up visits. Ninety-one percent were MSM. The incidence rate for all STIs was 47.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.2–68.6) per 100 person-years. Mycoplasma genitalium was the most frequently detected pathogen: 30 participants (20%) presented with at least 1 Mg infection, corresponding to a period prevalence of 20.3% and incidence rate of 19.5 Mg infections (95% CI, 11.8–32.4). Most Mg infections (93%) were asymptomatic, and 9 (30%) participants showed spontaneous clearance. We detected high rates of antibiotic resistance: 73.3% to macrolides, 3.3% to quinolones, and 13.3% resistance to both antibiotics.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of mostly asymptomatic Mg infections and high rate of spontaneous clearance support cautious initiation for treatment. The high proportion of macrolide-resistant strains suggests that a genotypic determination of resistance should be standard of care. Moxifloxacin should be the preferred treatment option for symptomatic Mg infections among MSM if resistance testing is unavailable.
The Role of Isavuconazonium Sulphate for the Treatment of Blastomycosis: A Case Series and Antifungal Susceptibility
Authors: Scolarici Michael J , King Coleton , Sterkel Alana , Smith Jeannina , Gauthier Gregory , Saddler Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Blastomyces spp, the etiologic agents of blastomycosis, are endemic dimorphic fungi that require prolonged antifungal therapy, which can be complicated by adverse drug effects. Isavuconazonium sulphate (ISA) is a triazole with in vitro and in vivo activity against Blastomyces spp, but there is a paucity of clinical data supporting its use for treatment of blastomycosis.

Methods
This retrospective case series identified 14 patients with blastomycosis at least partially treated with ISA at the University of Wisconsin between 2015 and 2019. Treatment duration and outcomes were documented. In addition, 29 clinical isolates of Blastomyces spp between 2004 and 2017 were tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations against ISA and other antifungals.

Results
Fourteen patients were treated with a median of 255 days of ISA accounting for 68% of total therapy. Half (7 of 14) of the patients were immunocompromised, 11 of 14 (79%) were proven cases of blastomycosis, 7 of 14 (50%) had central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and 11 of 14 (79%) were cured. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed a consistently low minimum inhibitory concentration to ISA ≤ 0.015 mcg/mL.

Conclusions
This case series supports the efficacy and safety for ISA in the treatment of blastomycosis with or without CNS disseminated, especially when alternative triazoles cannot be used.
Inference of magnetic field during the Dalton minimum: Case study with recorded sunspot areas
Authors: Uneme Shoma , Imada Shinsuke , Lee Harim , Park Eunsu , Hayakawa Hisashi , Iju Tomoya , Moon Yong-Jae 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Dalton minimum is considered to be one of the unique solar activity periods that have been captured in direct sunspot observations since 1610. Specifically, the solar magnetic field in this period is of great interest. Derfflinger and Prantner’s sunspot observations of 1802–1824 and 1800–1844 are the most important references for this period. To understand the solar magnetic activity in the Dalton minimum, it is important to estimate the latitude/longitude distribution of the sunspots and the sunspot areas for that duration. In this study, we analyze Derfflinger and Prantner’s sunspot drawings to determine the sunspot parameters, particularly the sunspot area. We find that the sunspot areas obtained from Derfflinger’s drawings are overemphasized by a factor of eight relative to those derived from modern observations. We also analyze Prantner’s sunspot drawings to validate our analysis of Derfflinger’s drawings. Further, we generate solar magnetograms from Derfflinger’s sunspot drawings using a deep-learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks. Our analysis of these sunspot areas will provide important information for restoring the magnetograms during the Dalton minimum.
All hands on deck: A multidisciplinary approach to SARS-CoV-2-associated MIS-C
Authors: Lopez Alison A , Patel Mona , Rayment Jonathan H , Tam Herman , Roberts Ashley , Laskin Samara , Tucker Lori , Biggs Catherine M ,   BMWG, Ahmed May A , Barakauskas Vilte , Galanis Eleni , Goldfarb David , Halparin Jessica , Harris Kevin C , Kissoon Niranjan , Lawrence Sally , McGuffin Dominique , Meckler Garth , Noel Kirsten , Schrader Dewi , Sherwood Michelle , Singh Avash , Vercauteren Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection with overlapping features of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. In May 2020, a provincial multidisciplinary working group was established in anticipation of emerging cases following the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methodology
Our centre established a multidisciplinary working group for MIS-C cases in British Columbia. The group developed guidelines using the World Health Organization MIS-C case definition. Guidelines were updated using quality improvement methods as new reports and our local experience evolved. We included all children who were evaluated in person or had samples sent to our centre for MIS-C evaluation from May 2020 to April 2021. We prospectively collected patient demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment.

Results
Fifty-two children were included. Eleven were diagnosed as confirmed MIS-C. Ten of the 11 MIS-C cases presented with shock. Gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous involvement were also prominent. Common laboratory features included elevated C-reactive protein, D-dimer, troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Four out of 11 (36%) had myocardial dysfunction and 3/11 (27%) had coronary artery abnormalities. All 11 patients had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ten out of 11 (91%) received intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin and IV corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Our provincial cohort of MIS-C patients were more likely to present with shock and cardiac dysfunction, require ICU admission, and be treated with corticosteroids compared to ruled out cases. Our working group’s evolving process ensured children with features of MIS-C were rapidly identified, had standardized evaluation, and received appropriate treatment in our province.
Anatomical Topographical Investigation of the Medial Branch of the Dorsal Thoracic Branch of the Spinal Nerve in the Segments T10—T12
Authors: Koutp Amir , Petritsch Johanna , Skias Christoph , Grechenig Peter , Andrianakis Alexandros , Kieser David C , Feigl Georg C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The zygapophyseal joints represent one possible cause for back pain. Therefore, many interventions are targeting the denervation of the facet joints. The aim of this study is to describe the course of the medial branch of the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve and its articular branches to the zygapophyseal joints in the segments T10–T12.

Methods
The medial branches in the thoracic segments T10–T12 were dissected in 20 Thiel embalmed cadavers. An Eschenbach magnifying glass (4.0× magnification) was used during dissection preserving the articular branches. The topography and the branching pattern of the medial branches was observed.

Results
The course of the nerves in the segments T10–T12 differed from each other because of the different osseous anatomy of each segment. The medial branch at the segment T10 crossed the tip of the transverse process in 28 of the 40 hemivertebral specimens. In the remaining cases it passed superior to the transverse process. At T11 the medial branch ran constantly through an osteofibrous canal. At the segment T12 the medial branches showed a similar course to the medial branches in the lumbar region. In many cases two articular branches, which arose from the medial branch were identified.

Conclusions
The results of this study show a considerable anatomic variety at the segment T10. It also demonstrates that the transverse process is an important landmark to encounter the medial branch. Furthermore, the possibility of a double innervation of the facet joints should always be considered.
Third dose vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines improves protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Niesen Michiel J M , Matson Robert , Puranik Arjun , O'Horo John C , Pawlowski Colin , Vachon Celine , Challener Douglas , Virk Abinash , Swift Melanie , Speicher Leigh , Gordon Joel , Geyer Holly , Lenehan Patrick J , Venkatakrishnan A J , Soundararajan Venky , Badley Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As of 2021 November 29, booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been recommended for all individuals aged 18 years and older in the United States. A key reason for this recommendation is the expectation that a booster vaccine dose can alleviate observed waning of vaccine effectiveness (VE). Although initial reports of booster effectiveness have been positive, the level of protection from booster vaccination is unclear. We conducted two studies to assess the impact of booster vaccination, with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection between August and December 2021. We first compared SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in cohorts of 3-dose vaccine recipients to incidence in matched cohorts of 2-dose vaccine recipients (cohort size = 24,539 for BNT162b2 and 14,004 for mRNA-1273). Additionally, we applied a test-negative study design to compare the level of protection against symptomatic infection in 3-dose recipients to that observed in recent 2-dose primary vaccine series recipients. The 3-dose recipients experienced a significantly lower incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the matched 2-dose cohorts (BNT162b2 Incidence Rate Ratio: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.13 and mRNA-1273 IRR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.15). Results from the test-negative study showed the third vaccine dose mitigated waning of VE, with the risk of symptomatic infection in 3-dose recipients being comparable to that observed 7 to 73 days after the primary vaccine series. These results show that 3-dose vaccine regimens with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 are effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection and support the widespread administration of booster vaccine doses.