bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by plant non-specific phospholipase C
Authors: fan ruyi , Zhao Fen , Gong Zhou , Chen Yanke , Yang Bao , Zhou Chen , Zhang Jie , Du Zhangmeng , Wang Xuemin , Yin Ping , Guo Liang , Liu Zhu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) hydrolyzes major membrane phospholipids to release diacylglycerol (DAG), a potent lipid-derived messenger regulating cell functions. Despite extensive studies on NPCs reveal their fundamental roles in plant growth and development, the mechanistic understanding of phospholipid-hydrolyzing by NPCs, remains largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Arabidopsis NPC4 at a resolution of 2.1 Å. NPC4 is divided into a phosphoesterase domain (PD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), and is structurally distinct from other characterized phospholipases. The previously uncharacterized CTD is indispensable for the full activity of NPC4. Mechanistically, CTD contributes NPC4 activity mainly via CTDα1-PD interaction, which ultimately stabilizes the catalytic pocket in PD. Together with a series of structure-guided biochemical studies, our work elucidates the structural basis and provides molecular mechanism of phospholipid hydrolysis by NPC4, and adds new insights into the members of phospholipase family.
Causes of the First Use and their Relationship to Continuing Smoking
Authors: Latifeh Youssef , Abdallah Essam , Arabi Randa , AL-Fawaris Ma'moun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
The objectives of the study lies on explaining the reasons for the first use of smoking by the study sample, and the reasons for continuing smoking, and identifying the differences in the views of the study sample according to a set of variables (gender, age, college year, number of family members, type of smoking, smoking times, feeling when quitting, Smoking, parents, number of smoking siblings, educational level of father and mother, parents' marital status, economic status, smoking friends).
Methods:
The study was applied through field application and the Internet, in the period from 6/6/2022 to 13/10/2022, on a sample of (563) students from the Syrian Private University, who were chosen in a random way that allows each individual in the university to be part of the sample, and the tool was a questionnaire composed of personal data related to the study sample, and two axes on the reasons for the first use of smoking and the reasons for continuing with it, and the data was analyzed through the statistical program Spss.
Results:
The reasons for the first use varied, as the item of tension got the highest percentage (95.51%), and in terms of the reasons for continuing to smoke, the item of desire to smoke when feeling angry got a percentage (96.06), and a high percentage found it difficult to give up smoking by (97.02), while there were no differences according to the study variables for each of the reasons for using and continuing to smoke, and there were differences according to the variable smoking times, it was regular, the number of smoking packets, it was one packet / day, friends in favor of the smoking friend, and the reasons for returning to smoking because of the desire to do so.
Conclusion:
The reasons for practicing and continuing the habit of smoking require working to address it by all possible means. There must be concerted efforts between the various private and public bodies and civil society institutions to stop this phenomenon, and to preserve society and its children and their health.
Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation suppresses the generation of Th17 cells and promotes the induction of Foxp3+regulatory T cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Tao Yuhong , WANG Yamei , Feng Ting , Li Hong , Xiong Ying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CD4+T cells mediate the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Emerging research suggests that a Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the development of renal IRI. The recently identified negative checkpoint T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain family 3 (Tim-3) inhibits the immune response by binding to its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9). However, the role of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway in the regulation of CD4+T cell subsets in renal IRI remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway on Th17/Treg subsets in renal IRI was investigated using a mouse model. Renal IRI induced the expression of Gal-9 in renal tubular epithelial cells and increased the percentages of Tim-3+Th17 cells and Tim-3+Foxp3+Treg cells in the IR kidneys. The administration of rAAV9-Gal-9 suppressed kidney inflammation, reduced the mortality of mice with renal IRI, increased Foxp3+Treg cells, and reduced Th17 cells. In contrast, the blockade of Tim-3 in vivo with an anti-Tim-3 mAb aggravated renal inflammation, decreased Foxp3+Treg cells, and promoted Th17 cells. Thus, Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation may protect against renal IRI by inhibiting Th17 cell production and inducing Foxp3+Treg cell expansion. Our study suggests that the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway might become a target of immunotherapy in renal IRI.
Research on Vague multi-attribute group decision-making method based on evidence theory
Authors: Cui Chunsheng , Cao Yanli 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of weight solving and information aggregation in the Vague multi-attribute group decision-making, this paper first solves the weight of Vague evaluation value, and then fuses the information of Vague sets through evidence theory, and obtains an information aggregation algorithm for Vague multi-attribute group decision-making. Firstly, The algorithm draws on the idea of solving the weight of evidence in the improved evidence theory algorithm, and calculates the weight of Vague evaluation value, and revises the original evaluation information after obtaining the weight of each Vague evaluation value. Secondly, this algorithm analyzes the mathematical relationship between the Vague sets and the evidence theory, and uses the evidence theory to fuse the evaluation information to obtain the final Vague evaluation value of each alternative. Finally, this algorithm uses a score function to calculate the score of each alternative to determine the best alternative. The algorithm given in the paper enables decision-makers to make rational decisions in uncertain environments, and then select the best alternative.
The application of a novel grey model in the prediction of China's aging population
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Chong , Jia Zijun , Zhang Xinyu , Song Yanhua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dramatic increase of the aging population is a current and primary livelihood issue in China. It is very important to accurately predict the aging population for policy-makers such as governments and insurance companies. To explore the future development trend of China’s aging population, a novel grey prediction FPTGM(1,1,α) model is established in this paper. The data from 2003 to 2012 are used to build the model, and the data from 2013 to 2018 are used to assess the modelling accuracy. The results show that the fitting and forecasting accuracy of the proposed FPTGM(1,1,α) model are higher than those of other models. This indicates that the novel grey model is more suitable for predicting the aging population in China. Combined with the idea of metabolism, the FPTGM(1,1,α) model is applied to predict China’s aging population from 2019 to 2042. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for dealing with the aging population are put forward to the government and other decision-makers.
An Ensemble-based Stegware Detection System for Information Hiding Malware Attacks
Authors: A MONIKA , R Eswari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recently, attackers are obfuscating the parts of malware attack code using steganography to carry malicious JavaScript and even to deliver cryptominers. Stegware is one of the types among information hiding malware attacks that uses steganography to conceal their presence from any modern malware detection system. In this paper, a stegware detection system is proposed to find the presence of hidden payloads from input images and to verify whether the hidden payload is the subject of stegware attack. The proposed system consists of four phases to detect the stegware: Hidden Payload Detection; Hidden Payload Extraction; Classification and Malicious percentage calculation. In Hidden Payload Detection phase, Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal subset of features to detect obfuscation. In Hidden Payload Extraction phase, stego repository images are decoded to extract the items that are stegnographically hidden inside the input. Finally, a two-stage ensemble classifier is used in classification phase to process the extracted payloads: binary classifier is used to find whether extracted payload is benign or malignant file; fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to find the percentage of malicious activity. The proposed system is experimentally tested for real dataset and compared with existing models. The experimental results show that the proposed stegware detection system detects the stegnographically hidden attacks and finds the percentage of malicious activity than other models.
Adaptive CNC machining process optimization of near- net- shaped blade based on machining error data flow control
Authors: DONGBO wu , hongru lv , Wang Hui , jie yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adaptive CNC machining process is one of the efficient processing methods for near- net- shaped blade, this study proposes an adaptive CNC machining process optimization scheme based on multi-source and multi-process machining errors data flow control. The multi-process machining geometric error and mechanical models of the multi-process adaptive CNC machining process are firstly constructed. The machining error flow collaborative control of the near- net- shaped blade multi-process CNC machining is realized by the adaptive CNC machining process. The results show that the dynamic displacement response of the blade multi-process CNC machining process is controlled within 0.007mm. The optimized adaptive CNC machining process can realize the multi-process machining error control and high-precision manufacturing of near- net- shaped blade based on the multi- process geometric machining error data flow control and the sufficient stiffness of blade- fixture system. The process chain of the optimized adaptive CNC machining process based on machining error data flow control is reduced by 87% compared with the low melting point alloy pouring process, and 50% compared with adaptive CNC machining process of the twice on-machine measurement on the blade body.
WITHDRAWN: Design and control of a mobile robot following the desired Trajectory using an adaptive sliding mode approach
Authors: LIU YONGQIU , ZHAO DI , MUSTAFA KAINAT , YAFOZ AYMAN , ALSINI RAED 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a design for a control system that will ensure the stability and proper operation of a mobile four-wheeled robot. As a result of the nonlinear dynamics, structural and parametric uncertainty of this robot, various control approaches are used in order to achieve stability, proper performance, and minimize modeling errors and uncertainties. There are two types of control approaches applied to ensure this robot is stable, that its performance is appropriate, and that modeling errors and uncertainties are minimized. In the presence of external disturbances and parametric uncertainty, this algorithm uses the signals provided by the sensor from the trajectory to follow the predetermined trajectory. It was assumed in previous articles that the upper bound of uncertainty was known. In this paper, we assume the upper bound of uncertainty and disturbance in robotic system is unknown, since, in many cases, we cannot know the extent of these uncertainties. In this paper, we generalized the sliding mode control law and proved its effectiveness, so that by including an adaptive part to the control law, we make it into a robust-adaptive sliding mode control, and we could estimate the upper bound uncertainties online based on these adaptive laws. This typology can be expressed as a distinct theorem with stable results. Simulations with MATLAB software demonstrate that the controller ensures optimal performance under external disturbances and parametric uncertainty with fewer fluctuations.
Postpartum haemorrhage: minimum allowable haemoglobin level
Authors: Dziuba Dmytro , Loskutov Oleg , Khavryuchenko Oleksiy , Mityurev Dmytro 
Published: November 2022

Despite defining the acceptable postpartum haemoglobin levels, there is neither consensus, nor a strong statistically proven analysis of its minimum safe level and its influence on systemic haemodynamic and oxygen metabolism in particular.
The aim. Therefore, this study aimed to determine statistically minimal allowable haemoglobin levels in postpartum women in case of postpartum haemorrhage which allows the cardiac functional status and oxygen metabolism to be maintained on the lower margin of the physiological range.
Materials and methods: Clinical research was on 113 postpartum women who had received blood transfusions for postpartum haemorrhages were selected for this study. The following circulation parameters were assessed: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BPs), diastolic blood pressure (BPD), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (СІ), contractility index (ΔS), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), systemic oxygen delivery index (IDО2), systemic oxygen consumption index (IVО2), tissue oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER).
Results: Through a comparison of hemodynamic parameters depending on haematocrit and haemoglobin levels in patients with postpartum blood loss it was discovered that in case of blood loss and consequent intensive therapy aimed at TBV (total blood volume) restoration statistically significant changes of BPs, MAP, СІ and SVRI were observed. Also, during this study linear high-degree correlations between СІ, ΔS and Hb levels were found.
Analysis of systemic oxygen transport dependence on haematocrit and haemoglobin levels for patients during the early postpartum period demonstrates significant differences in cardiac indexes with a strong positive statistically significant correlation between these parameters and haemoglobin levels.
Conclusion. From the calculation of the minimum allowable haemoglobin level in postpartum women in case of blood loss using linear regression with coefficients calculated through the method of least squares the Hb=82.5 g/L value was obtained, which can be considered the minimum allowable level in postpartum women in case of postpartum blood loss which allows the cardiac functional status and oxygen metabolism to be on safety physiological range
The application of wasteLeucaena leucocephalaseed pods as a bio-based adsorbent for decolourization of solution
Authors: Alkhafaji Sammer H. , S. Samaka Isra'a 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe adsorption method is widely used in water and wastewater treatment; however, most industrial adsorbents are expensive, limiting the use of the adsorption method in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims at developing a biosorbent from waste Leucaena leucocephala seed pods (LLSP) and apply it (as a cost-effective bio-adsorbent) to remove Janus Green B dye (JGBD) from solutions at different values of pH, agitation time, LLSP dose and JGBD concentration. Different techniques were used to characterize LLSP before and after JGBD removal, including pore size distribution, surface area (SBET) analysis, FTIR, SEM, SPM and the point of zero charges (pHpzc) of the LLSP surface. The results proved that LLSP could remove up to 95% of JGBD at pH, LLSP dose, JGBD concentration and agitation time of 9, 0.08 g/100 ml, 50 mg/l and 30 min, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich analyses were applied to fit the data for equilibrium biosorption, and it was noticed that the Langmuir isotherm model fits the data, and the full monolayer biosorption ability for JGBD was 142.85 mg/g.
Optimizing the desalination rate in a photoelectrocatalytic desalination cell (PEDC) by altering operational conditions
Authors: Aliasghar Arash , Javidan Parisa , Rahmaninezhad Seyed Ali , Mehrdadi Nasser 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Desalination of seawater is a promising response to solving the lack of drinkable water. The separation of cations and anions is carried out by inserting a desalination cell in the middle of a novel design of photoelectrocatalytic desalination cell (PEDC). Different parameters were evaluated and optimized for increasing the capability of system to desalt hypersaline water. Ultraviolet illumination (UV) was used as the driving force, exciting coated titanium nanotubes on the anode electrode, producing electron/hole pairs that degraded organic matter. Methylene blue degradation by UV irradiation was performed, owing to a high salt concentration level, and desalinated to produce electrical current. Performance of PEDCs was investigated by salt content, pH, and ion-exchange resin. The results indicated that higher total dissolved solid (TDS) removal occurred in acidic environments in anode chamber whereas the maximum produced electrical current occurred in alkaline environments in the cathode chamber. Also, the higher amount of salt content in the middle chamber resulted in the high TDS removal until the amount of electrical conductivity in the middle chamber reached 190 mS/cm. The TDS removal rates with and without using resins in the middle of the desalination cell after 10 days were 70.69% and 51.37%, respectively.
Electrocoagulation followed by sound agitation for removal of nitrogen and carbon-based pollutants from industrial wastewater
Authors: Pani Nibedita , T. S. Anantha Singh , Menon Poornima M. , Boruah Shrestha , Patel Bhavi , Kaul Daya Shankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The herculean imprecation of nitrogen-based pollutant like ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on aquatic milieu is now a concern for the dye, pharma and fertiliser industries. Wastewater from these is characterised with high concentration of AN, COD and total dissolved solids (TDS), treatment of which is of utmost importance for a cleaner environment. In the current research work, an attempt was made to apply integrated electro-coagulation (EC) – sonication process for the removal of COD and AN from highly acidic dye intermediate wastewater containing high to very high concentration of COD and AN. Systematic laboratory experiments were conducted for the treatment of dye intermediate wastewater and influences of pH (5–11), applied voltage (0.5–4V) and electrolysis time (30–120 min) were investigated. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of major operating parameters for EC. The conditions for minimum fraction remaining (C/C0), was found to be same for both COD and AN, i.e. pH 7, time 90 min and applied voltage 2V. The C/Co value for COD and AN were 0.244 and 0.302, respectively. The C/Co value of COD and AN in combined EC-Sonication process with optimum operating conditions were 0.145 and 0.228 respectively with sonication time 60 min at a frequency of 33 kHz. Thus, EC – sonication process is an efficacious process for their removal from dye industrial wastewater.
Current Status on 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives against Human
Pathogenic Parasites
Authors: Elso Orlando , Liñares Guadalupe García , Sülsen Valeria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Infections provoked by parasites are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide
and generate important health and socioeconomic problems. Despite the enormous
amount of work done, the chemotherapy for most of them remains unsolved. Usually,
treatments are based on no specific drugs associated, in several cases, with long-term
treatments and severe side effects. In addition, drug resistance and different strains' susceptibility
are further drawbacks of the existing chemotherapy. Considering that 1,4-dihydropyridines
derivatives constitute an important class of compounds for new drug development,
we present in this review an in-depth overview of the work done so far on 1,4-dihydropyridines
and their antiparasitic activities. The development of new derivatives or
the application of known drugs used for other diseases is described in terms of their potential
usefulness for drug design.
Prospective Challenges for Patenting and Clinical Trials of Anticancer
Compounds from Natural Products: Coherent Review
Authors: Sahoo Ankit , Mandal Ashok Kumar , Kumar Mayank , Dwivedi Khusbu , Singh Deepika 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Each year, millions of
people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer, and more than half of them die. Various conventional
therapies for cancer, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have extreme side effects.
Therefore, to minimize the global burden of lethal diseases like cancer, an effective and novel
drug must be discovered. Its patent should be acquired to secure the novel medicament. The pharmacological
potential of different natural products has made them popular in the healthcare and
pharmaceutical industries. Various anticancer compounds are obtained from natural sources such
as plants, microbes, and marine and terrestrial animals, including alkaloids, terpenoids, biophenols,
enzymes, glycosides, etc. The term "natural products" is defined as the product of secondary
or non-essential metabolic processes produced by living organisms (such as plants, invertebrates,
and microorganisms). Although more precise definitions of NPs exist, they do not always meet
consensus. Others define NPs as small molecules (excluding biomolecules) that emerge from the
metabolic reaction. A handful of effective compounds are used currently from natural or analog
moieties, and many more are in clinical studies. There is an excellent need for patenting molecules
from natural products as the hit lead molecules are derived, isolated, and synthesized from natural
products. However, these naturally occurring products may not be patentable under the law because
they come from nature. This review highlights why natural products and compounds are
hard to patent, under what patent law criteria we can patent these natural products and compounds,
patent procedural guideline sources and why researchers prefer publication rather than a patent.
Here, various patent scenarios of natural products and compounds for cancer have been given.