bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent detection of vulnerable functions in software through neural embedding‐based code analysis
Authors: Zeng Peng , Lin Guanjun , Zhang Jun , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2022

SummarySoftware vulnerability is a fundamental problem in cybersecurity, which poses severe threats to the secure operation of devices and systems. In this paper, we propose a new vulnerability detection framework of employing advanced neural embedding. For example, CodeBERT is a large‐scale pre‐trained embedding model for natural language and programming language. It achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on various natural language processing and code analysis tasks, demonstrating improved generalization ability compared with conventional models. The proposed framework encapsulates CodeBERT as a code representation generator and combines it with transfer learning to conduct cross‐project vulnerability detection. Considering the problem of lacking code embedding models on C source code, we extract the knowledge from C source code to fine‐tune the pre‐trained embedding model, so as to better facilitate the detection of function‐level vulnerabilities in C open‐source projects. To address the severe data imbalance issue in real‐world scenarios, we introduce code argumentation idea and use a large number of synthetic vulnerability data to further improve the robustness of the detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed vulnerability detection framework achieves better performance than existing methods.
Renewable energy management of an hybrid water pumping system (photovoltaic/wind/battery) based on Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model
Authors: Ben Safia Zeineb , Allouche Moez , Chaabane Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research work presents an optimal energy management for a hybrid water pumping system driven by a photovoltaic generator (PVG) and a wind turbine. These two renewable energies are used as power generation sources, whereas a battery is added as an energy‐storing system, for the purpose of controlling the power flow and providing a constant load supply. The proposed management system, serve to guarantee the pumping system autonomy in a rural region where's no access to the electrical network. As a result, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is created based on the fuzzy Takagi–Sugeno (TS) model, ensuring maximum power transfer to the moto‐pump in spite of wind speed and insolation changes. The synthesis of MPPT control law involves TS fuzzy reference models which generate the desired trajectories to track. A supervisor has been developed for energy management and its major purpose is to effectively use the battery to satisfy the power load requirements, and that is by maintaining the state of charge (SOC) to extend the battery's life. Finally, simulation results have been done based on Matlab/Simulink with the aim of validating the efficiency of the proposed energy management supervisor.
Effect of patient‐provider communication on patient risk awareness: The moderating role of trust based on scenario experiment
Authors: Hu Huiling , Gong Haiyan , Wu Xuanna , Wu Xue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGood patient–provider communication and high level of trust can decrease patients' risk perception and promote their acceptability of medical risks.The extent to which communication can be effective may be distinguished by different levels of trust. The present study examined the effect of patient–provider communication and treatment outcome on patients' risk awareness, and explored the moderating effect of trust. This research adopted a paper‐based scenario experiment with a 2 (communication: good vs. poor) × 2 (treatment outcome: good vs. poor) between‐subjects design. Three hundred sixteen college students were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to four groups and instructed to read more information about the two independent variables. Finally, all participants finished the manipulation check (eight items), affect‐ and cognition‐based trust scales (10 items), and risk awareness scales (eight items) by questionnaire. The results showed the positive interaction effects between communication and treatment outcome on patients' acceptance of uncertainties. Affect‐ and cognition‐based trust had similar moderating mechanisms on the interaction effect of communication and treatment outcome on uncertainty acceptability, and different moderating mechanisms on patient risk perception. In clinical work, we should develop the strategy to improve patien–provider communication and trust to improve patients' acceptability of uncertainty.
The effect of ground tire rubber modified by deep eutectic solvents on the viscoelasticity of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Wei Liping , Xin Zhenxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the development of the recycling economy for waste rubber, the high‐value application of rubber powder, such as the modifier in asphalt mixture and the polyurethane foam, has attracted more and more attention. In the study, the surface characteristics of rubber powder modified by deep eutectic solvents were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, sol fraction, solid surface energy, and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of modified ground tire rubber powder (M‐GTR)/SBR/silica composites were studied. Meanwhile, the viscoelasticity of the composites was characterized by the Payne effect and Mullins effect. Compared with the unmodified rubber powder, the rubber powder treated at 105°C had a higher sol fraction and maximum value of solid surface energy. With the increase of the content of M‐GTR, the Payne effect of the M‐GTR/SBR/silica composites firstly weakened and then increased. As for the Mullins effect, the vulcanizates showed stress‐softening phenomenon in the process of uniaxial cyclic compression. The recovery ability of the Mullins effect strongly depended on temperature. Besides, the modified rubber powder could improve the dispersity of silica in the SBR matrix, and the Mullins effect of the composite contained modified rubber powder was weak, which would provide potential high‐value application for rubber powder.
Investigation on the compressive properties of auxetic foams under different loading rates
Authors: Nazari Zahra , Ahmadi Hamed , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Vahid Samireh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAuxetic materials or materials with a negative Poisson's ratio have a great potential to be used in many industries because of their specific mechanical properties such as high stiffness and strength with significant weight saving. In this article, the effect of various parameters of the fabrication process on the microstructure of a polyurethane auxetic foam was investigated. Moreover, the compression behavior of this foam in different situations, from quasi‐static to high strain rate loading, was studied comprehensively. Results indicated that 70% volume reduction, being heated to 180°C and kept at that temperature for 1 h and 45 min could maximize the auxeticity of the foam. Microscopic images demonstrated that the foam structure cells were transformed from honeycomb to re‐entrant, causing the Poisson's ratio to become negative. With increasing the re‐entrant cells, the auxeticity of the foam increased, which leads to increasing the absorbed energy in quasi‐static compression up to 443%, and in high strain rate loading up to 617%.
Dexamethasone promotes breast cancer stem cells in obese and not lean mice
Authors: Annett Stephanie , Fox Orla Willis , Vareslija Damir , Robson Tracy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObesity is highly prevalent in breast cancer patients and is associated with increased recurrence and breast cancer‐specific mortality. Glucocorticoids (GC) are used as an adjuvant in cancer treatment and are associated with promoting breast cancer metastasis through activation of stemness‐related pathways. Therefore, we utilized the synergetic allograft E0771 breast cancer model to investigate if treatment with GCs had differential effects on promoting cancer stem cells in lean and diet‐induced obese mice. Indeed, both lean mice treated with dexamethasone and obese mice with no treatment had no effect on the ex vivo colony‐forming ability, mammosphere formation, or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) bright subpopulation. However, treatment of obese mice with dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase in ex vivo colony formation, mammosphere formation, ALDH bright subpopulation, and expression of pluripotency transcription factors. GC transcriptionally regulated genes were not altered in the dexamethasone‐treated groups compared to treatment controls. In summary, these results provide initial evidence that obesity presents a higher risk of GC‐induced cancer stemness via non‐genomic GC signaling which is of potential translational significance.
PK/PD modeling links accelerated resolution of COVID‐19‐related clinical symptoms to SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load reduction in patients following treatment with Bamlanivimab alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab together
Authors: Ernest C. Steven , Chien Jenny Y. , Patel Dipak R. , Chigutsa Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral load reduction and disease symptom resolution remains largely undefined for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While the vaccine‐derived immunity takes time to develop, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies offer immediate, passive immunity to patients with COVID‐19. Bamlanivimab and etesevimab are two potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. This study aims to describe the relationship between viral load and resolution of eight common COVID‐19‐related symptoms in patients following treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bamlanivimab alone or bamlanivimab and etesevimab together), in a phase II clinical trial. Corresponding pharmacokinetics (PKs), viral load, and COVID‐19‐related symptom data were modeled using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling to describe the time‐course of eight COVID‐19‐related symptoms in an ordered categorical manner (none, mild, moderate, and severe), following administration of bamlanivimab or bamlanivimab and etesevimab together to participants with COVID‐19. The PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models characterized the exposure‐viral load‐symptom time course of the eight preselected COVID‐19‐related symptoms. Baseline viral load (BVL), change in viral load from baseline, and time since the onset of symptoms, demonstrated statistically significant effects on symptom score probabilities. Higher BVL generally indicated an increased probability of symptom severity. The severity of symptoms decreased over time, partially driven by the decrease in viral load. The effect of increasing time resulting in decreased severity of symptoms was over and above the effect of decreasing viral load. Administration of bamlanivimab alone or together with etesevimab results in a faster time to resolution of COVID‐19‐related symptoms compared to placebo.
Insider stock pledging and stock price informativeness: Evidence from India
Authors: Singh Amanjot 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsiders’ shares can act as collateral while raising funds from lenders. This study examines the impact of insiders’ stock pledging activities on stock price informativeness using a sample of 1835 Indian firms. Our findings report that insider stock pledging increases the informational efficiency of stock prices. This informational efficiency increases for larger firms with: (1) financial constraints (high leverage and low cash holdings); (2) greater reliance on trade credit; and (3) higher indulgence in related party transactions. We also provide evidence on abnormal share turnover as a trading mechanism through which insider stock pledging is related to stock price informativeness. Our findings are robust across different specifications and after accounting for endogeneity issues.
The dawn of the flying reptiles: first Triassic record in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Martínez Ricardo N. , Andres Brian , Apaldetti Cecilia , Cerda Ignacio A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPterosaurs were the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight. The timing of their origin is still debated, and hypotheses range from the end of the Permian Period, to the lower Mesozoic Era, and through to the Middle–Late Triassic epochs. Regardless of when they originated, the oldest records are restricted to the Upper Triassic Norian Stage in the northern hemisphere (Europe, USA and Greenland). We report two new raeticodactylid pterosaurs, Yelaphomte praderioi gen. et sp. nov. and Pachagnathus benitoi gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Norian to Rhaetian Quebrada del Barro Formation in north‐western Argentina. The new specimens (an isolated dentary symphysis, partial rostrum, and distal half of ulna) are the first unequivocal Triassic records of pterosaurs in the southern hemisphere, confirming that the absence of pterosaurs outside north‐western Pangaea during the Late Triassic was the result of poor sampling rather than true absence. These new discoveries provide evidence of a greater diversity of pterosaurs living in terrestrial habitats and a wider global distribution of pterosaurs from the beginning of their evolution on Earth.
Evaluation and modification of bend corner strength prediction models of FRP reinforcement
Authors: Yang Yuanzhang , Jiang Kai , Quan Guan , Zhang Dawei , Zhao Weijian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe bend corner of Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been shown significantly lower tensile strength than the straight portion. To date, various prediction models were developed for the bend corner strength. In this study, three types of six prediction models are reviewed and evaluated based on a most extensive database to date, including tests from 15 investigations from 1999 to 2020. The validities of the models for cross‐section types and test methods are analyzed. The logarithmic and linear regression models are further modified. The macro‐mechanical model provides the best predictions for the whole database with similar validity for test specimens with different cross‐section types. The linear regression and logarithmic models show lower accuracy and inconsistency in cross‐section types. The different test methods adopted in the literature show limited influence on the bend corner strength and the performance of the prediction models. The proposed cross‐section geometry factor can effectively consider the cross‐section types and the modified linear regression and logarithmic models could provide more accurate predictions. The model evaluations and modifications in this study could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the calculation philosophy of the bend corner strength of FRP reinforcement, which could be used for the future updates of shear design provisions for FRP reinforced concrete structures.
T‐2 toxin‐induced femur lesion is accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis associated with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in mice
Authors: Zhang Jian , Song Miao , Cui Yilong , Shao Bing , Zhang Xuliang , Cao Zheng , Li Yanfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractT‐2 toxin is one of the most common mycotoxins found in grain foods, animal feed, and other agricultural by‐products causing food contamination and health threat. The skeletal system is the main target tissue for T‐2 toxin. T‐2 toxin exposure is also recognized as a potential contributor to multiple types of bone diseases, including Kashin‐Beck disease. However, the mechanisms of T‐2 toxin‐induced bone toxicity remain unclear. In this study, 60 male C57BL/6 mice were exposed T‐2 toxin with 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration for 28 days, respectively. Femora were collected for the detections of femur lesion, bone formation factors, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Our research showed that T‐2 toxin caused bone formation disorders, presenting as the reduction of the BMD and femur length, bone structure changes and abnormal bone formation proteins expressions, along with enhanced oxidative stress. Meanwhile, T‐2 toxin increased expressions of autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin 1, ATG5, p62, and LC3), and promoted apoptosis in mouse femur. Moreover, T‐2 toxin suppressed the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and expressions of downstream target genes. Taken together, our data indicated T‐2 toxin‐induced femur lesion was accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis, which was associated with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Duengelhoef Paul , Hartl Johannes , Rüther Darius , Steinmann Silja , Brehm Thomas T. , Weltzsch Jan Philipp , Glaser Fabian , Schaub G. M. , Sterneck Martina , Sebode Marcial , Weiler‐Normann Christina , Addo Marylyn M. , Lütgehetmann Marc , Haag Friedrich , Schramm Christoph , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Lohse Ansgar W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsIn this observational study, we explored the humoral and cellular immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and patients with cholestatic autoimmune liver disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] and primary biliary cholangitis [PBC]).MethodsAnti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers were determined using the DiaSorin LIAISON and Roche immunoassays in 103 AIH, 64 PSC, and 61 PBC patients and 95 healthy controls >14 days after the second COVID‐19 vaccination. The spike‐specific T‐cell response was assessed using an activation‐induced marker assay (AIM) in a subset of individuals.ResultsPrevious SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was frequently detected in AIH but not in PBC/PSC (10/112 (9%), versus 4/144 (2.7%), p = 0.03). In the remaining patients, seroconversion was measurable in 97% of AIH and 99% of PBC/PSC patients, respectively. However, in 13/94 AIH patients antibody levels were lower than in any healthy control, which contributed to lower antibody levels of the total AIH cohort when compared to PBC/PSC or controls (641 vs. 1020 vs. 1200 BAU/ml, respectively). Notably, antibody levels were comparably low in AIH patients with (n = 85) and without immunosuppression (n = 9). Also, antibody titers significantly declined within 7 months after the second vaccination. In the AIM assay of 20 AIH patients, a spike‐specific T‐cell response was undetectable in 45% despite a positive serology, while 87% (13/15) of the PBC/PSC demonstrated a spike‐specific T‐cell response.ConclusionPatients with AIH show an increased SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rate as well as an impaired B‐ and T‐cell response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine compared to PBC and PSC patients, even in the absence of immunosuppression. Thus, antibody responses to vaccination in AIH patients need to be monitored and early booster immunizations considered in low responders.
Dorsal scapular displacement (flying scapula) in a heifer
Authors: Saadi Aram , Dalir‐Naghadeh Bahram , Asri‐Rezaei Siamak , Hashemi‐Asl Seyed Mohammad , Mohammadi Rahim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDorsal scapular displacement, or flying scapula, is a rare condition characterised by sinking of the thorax between the forelimbs and protruding of the scapula above the thoracic vertebrae with the impression of a humpback appearance of the affected individual. The aetiology is still a matter of controversy. A 10‐month‐old heifer was presented with a history of sudden onset of gait abnormality and reluctance to stand and walk after being turned out to a spring pasture following the winter housing period. Clinical examinations revealed signs consistent with flying scapula. Whole‐blood selenium concentration and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were within the marginal status. Vitamin E level in serum was within the reference range. We proposed that the condition resulted from damage and bilateral rupture of the serratus ventralis muscle due to dystrophic myodegeneration in a selenium‐deficient individual exacerbated by walking long distances and unaccustomed physical activity after winter housing.
Investigations on the Thermoelectric Transport Properties in the Hole‐doped La2CuO4
Authors: Liu Shan , Qin Bingchao , Wang Dongyang , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompared with the traditional thermoelectric semiconductors, the research progress of thermoelectric oxides with high‐temperature thermal stability is far behind. In this work, a layered copper oxide La2CuO4 was synthesized by combining the high‐energy ball milling, solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering. By introducing metal elements (Ba, Sr, Pb) at La site, the increased carrier concentration with optimized electrical transport properties were achieved in La2CuO4‐based thermoelectric oxides. Results showed that Ba has the best doping effect among the three dopants, with an optimal carrier concentration of ∼1020 cm−3. Furthermore, the figure of merit (ZT) value was enhanced over the entire temperature range with a maximum ZTave of ∼0.03 at 300–923 K, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of printine La2CuO4. Our research has successfully developed the thermoelectric properties of La2CuO4‐based oxide, which has the great potential to be a reliable candidate as the thermocouple for high‐temperature detection in the key parts of aircrafts.
Nonuniform dependence on initial data for the 2D viscous shallow water equations
Authors: Li Jinlu , Yu Yanghai , Zhu Weipeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe failure of uniform dependence on the data is an interesting property of classical solution for a hyperbolic system. In this paper, we consider the solution map of the Cauchy problem to the 2D viscous shallow water equations, which is a hyperbolic–parabolic system. We give a new approach to studying the issue of nonuniform dependence on initial data for these equations. We prove that the solution map of this problem is not uniformly continuous in Sobolev spaces for .