bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in Hydrogen Production Coupled with Electrochemical Oxidation of Small Molecules
Authors: Wang Tongzhou , Cao Xuejie , Jiao Lifang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of small molecules to generate value‐added products has gained enormous interest in recent years because of the advantages of benign operation conditions, high conversion efficiency and selectivity, the absence of external oxidizing agents, and eco‐friendliness. Coupling the electrochemical oxidation of small molecules to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode in an electrolyzer would simultaneously realize the generation of high‐value chemicals or pollutant degradation and the highly efficient production of hydrogen. This Minireview presents an introduction on small‐molecule choice and design strategies of electrocatalysts as well as recent breakthroughs achieved in the highly efficient production of hydrogen. Finally, challenges and future orientations are highlighted.
4,4‐Diphenylmethane diisocyanate coating modified short‐cut carbon fiber enhances the interlaminar shear properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates
Authors: Fan Meng‐Xuan , Nie Hui‐Jie , Guan Ji‐Peng , Wu Zhi‐Min , Cao Miao , Xu Xu‐Fan , Li Jian , Dang Rui‐qiong , Shen Xiao‐Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe brittleness of epoxy resin (EP) and the smooth, inert surface of carbon fiber (CF) affects their interfacial interaction, making the composite exhibit poor interlaminar shear properties that significantly limit its practical application. In this paper, a 4,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) layer was uniformly coated on short‐cut carbon fiber (SCF) by chemical bonding and physical cladding. The reaction of the isocyanate group of MDI with the active hydrogen in the epoxy system was used to form a strong chemical bond between EP and SCF to enhance the interfacial interaction. Moreover, the introduced SCF as filler can play a better connecting and anchoring role in the CF/EP composite, enabling better stress transfer and enhancing the integrity inside the composite. The coating of MDI on the surface of SCF and the efficient synergistic effect that it brings were successfully demonstrated by Fourier‐transform infrared, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanics analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, and interlaminar shear strength characterization. Compared with the untreated SCF reinforced CF/EP composite, MDI@SCF enhanced the interlaminar performance of the material by 10.06%. When the concentration of MDI treatment solution and SCF content was adjusted to the optimal value, the interlayer performance of the material increased by 17.01% compared to the pure CF/EP composite.
The human cervix: Comprehensive review of innervation and clinical significance
Authors: Giovannetti Olivia , Tomalty Diane , Velikonja Leah , Jurkus Connor , Adams Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetailed knowledge regarding the innervation and histology of the human cervix is crucial given the surgical removal of this tissue for conditions such as cervical dysplasia. Recent evidence implicates the cervix in the sexual response, making it pertinent to characterize this region to elucidate its role. Despite this, literature describing the overall innervation of the cervix from anatomical and histological perspectives is lacking. The aim of this review was to consolidate descriptions pertaining to human cervix innervation and discuss possible mechanisms of dysfunction, as an unintended result of cervix removal. A detailed literature search of relevant articles describing human cervix innervation was conducted. 1597 articles were screened based on the keywords searched. Only 16 articles, containing information regarding specific evidence of the innervation of the human cervix, were included and categorized based on parameters of innervation (method, type, location). The published evidence demonstrates that the human cervix has sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory innervation, but does not characterize changes after surgical procedures. Despite the gaps in knowledge, it is relevant that associations linking clinical procedures, involving cervical removal and adverse sexual health outcomes, become an important focus for discussions between physicians and patients. Future work is needed to better detail the affected innervation as well as the neural pathway‐specific relationship to symptoms of sexual dysfunction.
New anatomical insights of the superficial branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve for treating temporal migraines: An anatomical study
Authors: Choi You‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe zygomaticotemporal nerve is known to contribute to temporal migraines; however, its precise anatomy remains unknown. The potential accessory branches of the zygomaticotemporal nerve may be considered a cause of continued temporal migraines after surgical procedures. In this study, we defined the novel superficial branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve (sZTN) and investigated its anatomical course, distribution, and clinical implications. Twenty‐two hemifaces from 11 fixed Korean cadavers (six males, five females; mean age, 78.3 years) were used in this study. The piercing points of the sZTN through the deep and superficial layers of the deep temporal fascia, and the superficial temporal fascia were defined as P1, P2, and P3, respectively. The distance of each point from the zygomatic tubercle was measured using an image analysis software. The sZTN ascended between the bone and the temporalis after emerging from the zygomaticotemporal foramen. It then pierced the deep temporal fascia without penetrating the temporalis. After then, it pierced the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia and turned superiorly toward the upper posterior temple. When the sZTN passed through the superficial temporal fascia, it intersected with the superficial temporal artery in every case. The novel findings of the sZTN may help in the treatment of intractable temporal migraines refractory to injection or surgical procedure. Based on our findings, targeting the sZTN may be applied as an alternative treatment strategy for patients who do not show significant improvement with treatment targeted to trigger sites.
Technological and sensory evaluation of pound cakes with reduced sugar and fat substituted by hydrated chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Cappuccelli Pinto Letícia , Rebellato Ana Paula , Steel Caroline Joy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a growing demand for products with reduced sugar and fat contents, as excessive consumption has been associated with the development of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. However, both fat and sugar provide important technological and sensory characteristics, mainly in bakery products such as pound cakes. The use of ingredients with functional properties to reduce sugar and substitute fat in food products is an important approach. In this regard, the effect of reducing fat (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and sugar (20%) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of pound cakes was evaluated, using hydrated chia seeds as fat replacer.FindingsThe specific volume of pound cakes decreased significantly with sugar reduction and fat replacement, also influencing their texture. Regarding crumb color, the values of the coordinates L*, a*, and b* were reduced with the increase of hydrated chia seeds, indicating cake darkening. The moisture content and water activity of pound cakes increased, while the number of alveoli decreased, with sugar reduction and fat replacement. Nevertheless, the sensory evaluation showed that all attributes had acceptance scores above 5, and all pound cakes had a good purchase intention.ConclusionsThe results showed an interesting potential for the use of hydrated chia seeds for fat replacement, requiring only a few adjustments. Future studies should be conducted to improve the texture and minimize the structural defects of these cakes.Significance and NoveltyHydrated chia seeds may be an interesting alternative as fat substitute in pound cakes.
Road to a rare diagnosis: Description of novel unbalanced translocation causing partial trisomy 17p
Authors: Musabi Melab , Saker Ayman , Baer Jessi , Wang Peter , Mohseni Meybodi Anahita , Prasad Chitra , Bhattacharya Soume 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrisomy 17 is a rare chromosomal disorder. Existing literature on the topic is limited and mostly refer to mosaic Trisomy 17 cases. Our report summarizes the 70‐day clinical course of a late preterm neonate with partial Trisomy 17p karyotype 46,XY,der(14)t(14;17)(p11.1;p11.2) dpat. Trisomy 17 due to unbalanced translocation is rare, and our case elaborates the clinical presentation with intestinal malfunction without any anatomical pathology and urethral diverticulum and the ethical dilemma in decision‐making. The male proband was born at 35 weeks with antenatal findings of multiple neurological and other abnormalities such as cystic hygroma, absent corpus collosum, high riding third ventricle, absent cavum septum pellucidum, indented occiput, absent ductus venous, and intrauterine growth restriction. The postnatal findings included significant facial dysmorphisms with short palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, low set ears, micrognathia, hirsutism, and single palmar creases, central hypotonia, and hyperreflexia of upper limbs bilaterally. Genital‐urinary assessment revealed a urinary diverticulum and significantly underdeveloped scrotum with undescended testes. Infant had excessive irritability and resistance to sleep despite increasing doses of analgesia and sedation, and persistent respiratory and feeding difficulties. Enteral nutrition could not be established due to profuse and persistent diarrhea, necessitating use of total parenteral nutrition. Microarray assay exhibited a pathogenic copy number gain of approximately 21.4 Mb of chromosome region 17p13.3p11.2. Follow‐up chromosome analysis and FISH revealed an abnormal male karyotype with a derivative chromosome 14, resulting from an unbalanced translocation between the short arm of one chromosome 14 and the short arm of one chromosome 17, effectively resulting in trisomy 17p11.2. It was derived from a paternal balanced t(14;17)(p11.1;p11.2) as shown by chromosome analysis and FISH studies. The rarity of this chromosomal disorder contributed to difficulty with prognosis and led to bioethical dilemma regarding life‐sustaining measures and quality of life. Through shared decision‐making processes and in consideration of poor prognosis, parents decided to withdraw life‐sustaining care and the proband died at postnatal day of life 70.
Treatment of a large through and through periapical lesion using guided tissue regeneration: A case report of 2 years follow‐up
Authors: Alajmi Buraikan , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Aldowah Omir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProper removal of the diseased tissue, debriding the canal system, and sealing the defect or cavity, the surgeon prevents or reduces the spread of microorganisms within the periradicular tissues. Treatment modalities following the failure of root canal treatment (RCT) are root canal retreatment (ReRCT). Regeneration of periapical defects may have a significant problem in periradicular surgery. In such circumstances, the gingival connective tissue can proliferate, or the oral epithelium can migrate into the defect, preventing the development of normal trabecular bone. Hard tissue can be restored using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in conjunction with endodontic treatment for endodontic‐periodontal lesions. Treatment of large periapical defects using GTR increases overall treatment success.
Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Supported on Nano‐Sized MnO2 for Deep Desulfurization of Model Fuels
Authors: Yao Pei , Du Shiqi , Zhang Yihan , Li Wenfu , Li Entian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmino ahcid ionic liquids were prepared and loaded onto manganese dioxide for fuel desulfurization. The optimum desulfurization process conditions of the loaded amino acid ionic liquids were obtained experimentally and by response surface methodology. The excellent regeneration and recycling performance of the loaded amino acid ionic liquids was confirmed by reusability experiments. The equilibrium experimental data fit the Langmuir isotherm well, and a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model can be used to describe the adsorption kinetics of dibenzothiophene adsorption. The research results of the desulfurization mechanism show that the adsorption of thiophenes by the loaded amino acid ionic liquids is chemical adsorption.
Organocatalyzed Phospha‐Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators
Authors: Conti Riccardo , Widera Anna , Müller Georgina , Fekete Csilla , Thöny Debora , Eiler Frederik , Benkő Zoltán , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAddition of the P−H bond in bis(mesitoyl)phosphine, HP(COMes)2 (BAPH), to a wide variety of activated carbon–carbon double bonds as acceptors was investigated. While this phospha‐Michael addition does not proceed in the absence of an additive or catalyst, excellent results were obtained with stoichiometric basic potassium or caesium salts. Simple amine bases can be employed in catalytic amounts, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in particular is an outstanding catalyst that allows the preparation of bis(acyl)phosphines, R−P(COMes)2, under very mild conditions in excellent yields after only a short time. All phosphines RP(COMes)2 can subsequently be oxidized to the corresponding bis(acyl)phosphane oxides, RPO(COMes)2, a substance class belonging to the most potent photoinitiators for radical polymerizations known to date. Thus, a simple and highly atom economic method has been found that allows the preparation of a broad range of photoinitiators adapted to their specific field of application even on a large scale.
Enhancement of biosludge dewatering using proteins through dual conditioning
Authors: Ghazisaidi Hamed , Tran Honghi , Meyer Torsten , Allen D. Grant 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn pulp and paper mills, effective biosludge dewatering is essential in wastewater treatment to reduce the large volume of biosludge that needs to be treated and disposed. The dewatering process normally requires the use of polymers from petroleum‐based sources. This study explores the potential of using cationic proteins such as protamine for biosludge dewatering through dual conditioning with a small amount of a synthetic anionic polymer such as anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The results show that dual conditioning provides substantial synergistic enhancements in dewatering. The maximum cake solids content of biosludge achieved by adding protamine (7.5%) alone was 12%. By dual conditioning with a small amount of APAM (0.1%), not only the cake solids content was increased to 16%, but also the amount of protamine addition was substantially lowered to 2%. These results, coupled with the change in zeta potential of the particles in the biosludge samples, suggest that the cationic protamine reduced the negative charge of the particles, allowing smaller particles to agglomerate and providing a positively charged framework for the subsequent addition of the negatively charged APAM. After adding APAM, substantial floc‐bridging occurred, allowing smaller flocs to aggregate into larger flocs. These synergistic effects can lower the wastewater treatment cost by reducing the amount of synthetic polymer and by applying low‐value proteins from natural sources.
Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2022 Goes Virtual
Authors: Diamanti Eleonora , Méndez María , Ross Tatjana , Kuttruff Christian A. , Lefranc Julien , Klingler Franca‐Maria , von Nussbaum Franz , Jung Manfred , Gehringer Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry (FiMC) meeting, which represents the largest international medicinal chemistry conference in Germany, took place from March 14th to 16th 2022 in a fully virtual format. Organized by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) together with the Division of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG) and a “local” organization committee from the University of Freiburg headed by Manfred Jung, the meeting brought together 271 participants from around 20 countries. The program included 33 lectures by leading scientists from industry and academia as well as early career investigators. 67 posters were presented in two poster sessions and with over 20.000 poster abstract downloads. The general organization and the time‐shift function were very much appreciated as demonstrated by almost 600 on‐demand contents retrieved. The online format fitted perfectly to bring together medicinal chemists from academia and industry across the globe.
Importance of Co‐operative Hydrogen Bonding in the Apramycin‐Ribosomal Decoding A‐Site Interaction
Authors: Pirrone Michael G. , Ande Chennaiah , Haldimann Klara , Hobbie Sven N. , Vasella Andrea , Böttger Erik C. , Crich David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn intramolecular hydrogen bond between the protonated equatorial 7’‐methylamino group of apramycin and the vicinal axial 6’‐hydroxy group acidifies the 6’‐hydroxy group leading to a strong hydrogen bond to A1408 in the ribosomal drug binding pocket in the decoding A site of the small ribosomal subunit. In 6’‐epiapramycin, the trans‐nature of the 6’‐hydroxy group and the 7’‐methylamino group results in a much weaker intramolecular hydrogen bond, and a consequently weaker cooperative hydrogen bonding network with A1408, resulting overall in reduced inhibition of protein synthesis and antibacterial activity.
Top advances in lymphoma for 2021
Authors: Patel Dilan A. , Kahl Brad S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, antibody–drug conjugates, bispecific T‐cell redirectors, and agents targeting tonic B‐cell receptor signaling have altered the paradigm for three of the most common lymphomas in the year 2021. For diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, the POLARIX study has shown improvement on the standard backbone of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in the frontline setting, a feat that had not been achieved despite great efforts over the past 20 years. In the relapsed and refractory setting, two unique CAR T‐cell products have displaced autologous transplantation to the third line, and they allow patients with chemotherapy‐resistant disease to receive approved therapy earlier. CAR T‐cell products, once used exclusively in the aggressive lymphoma arena, are now showing high response rates and durable activity against indolent lymphomas. The investigation of mosunetuzumab in indolent lymphomas offers another option for patients who have received multiple lines of cytotoxic drugs. On the basis of these trends, PI3K inhibitors are being displaced in favor of safer and more durable constructs. In addition, within the past year, the approval and implementation of zanubrutinib for marginal zone lymphoma have filled a need for later line therapy, especially for less fit and elderly patients.
Catalytic Processes to Accelerate Decarbonization in a Net‐Zero Carbon World
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Tian Yuan , Pan Shu‐Yuan , Snyder Seth W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReducing carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical challenges to mitigate global climate change, which is having detrimental impacts on society and the environment. Fossil fuel combustion in transportation, power generation, and industrial processes is the dominant contributor to carbon emissions. Over the past decades, sustainable solutions and strategies have been investigated and developed to enable decarbonization. Catalysis plays an essential role to address this global challenge by increasing energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, capturing carbon dioxide, and utilizing clean energy sources to displace fossil fuels. In this Review, the role of catalysis in reducing energy demand was discussed, enhancing process efficiency, displacing carbon‐intensive feedstocks and products, and therefore, reducing carbon emissions. Recent advances in catalyst development were summarized, focusing on applications to enhance industrial processes efficiency and enable utilization of clean energy sources. Emerging approaches in catalysis were reviewed, including the manufacture of iron and steel, direct air capture of CO2, production of ethylene, ammonia, and sustainable aviation fuels, plastic recycling, and the synthesis of biobased plastics. The Review was concluded with suggested research directions to achieve a carbon net‐zero world.
The Laccase‐Lig Multienzymatic Multistep System in Lignin Valorization
Authors: Vignali Elisa , Gigli Matteo , Cailotto Simone , Pollegioni Loredano , Rosini Elena , Crestini Claudia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the work by Claudia Crestini and collaborators at Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Italy, and University of Insubria, Italy. The image shows the formation of low‐molecular‐weight compounds by the oxidative depolymerization of lignin by the laccase‐Lig multienzymatic multistep system. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201147.
Detection of activin receptor type IIA and IIB‐Fc fusion proteins by automated capillary immunoassay
Authors: Desharnais Philippe , Naud Jean‐Francois 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActivin receptor type IIA and type IIB fusion protein have been designed to sequester circulating molecules of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily and inactivate their actions. Members of this superfamily have been reported as essential regulators of erythropoiesis by triggering the formation of activated ternary complexes containing different combinations of type I and type II receptors, which can limit RBC production by accelerating erythroid differentiation and inhibiting erythroid progenitor expansion. The recent approval of Luspatercept for the treatment of anemia associated to transfusion‐dependent MDS and Beta‐thalassemia in afflicted patients means that it can now pose a real threat of being abused in sport for its ability to stimulate erythropoiesis. Several methods for the detection of these molecules in blood have been proposed for the purpose of sport antidoping control. Here we propose the detection of the ActRIIA‐Fc and ActRIIB‐Fc fusion proteins by automated capillary Western immunoassay (Simple Western). The use of these immunoassays for the detection of protein targets has become widespread in the recent years. The work presented here demonstrates that this methodology enables a versatile, rapid, and sensitive detection of activin ligand traps in blood samples: plasma, serum, or dried blood spots (DBS). Preliminary results indicate that detection in urine samples is also possible. The option to use different antibodies allows the possibility to use this method as an initial testing procedure as well as a confirmation procedure. Finally, results coming from an administration study confirm that the method is suitable for routine analysis.