bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal
Authors: Amin Bawan , Jennings Dómhnall J , Norman Alison , Ryan Andrew , Ioannidis Vasiliki , Magee Alice , Haughey Hayley-Anne , Haigh Amy , Ciuti Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough it is widely acknowledged that animal personality plays a key role in ecology, current debate focuses on the exact role of personality in mediating life-history trade-offs. Crucial for our understanding is the relationship between personality and resource acquisition, which is poorly understood, especially during early stages of development. Here we studied how among-individual differences in behavior develop over the first 6 months of life, and their potential association with resource acquisition in a free-ranging population of fallow deer (Dama dama). We related neonate physiological (heart rate) and behavioral (latency to leave at release) anti-predator responses to human handling to the proportion of time fawns spent scanning during their first summer and autumn of life. We then investigated whether there was a trade-off between scanning time and foraging time in these juveniles, and how it developed over their first 6 months of life. We found that neonates with longer latencies at capture (i.e., risk-takers) spent less time scanning their environment, but that this relationship was only present when fawns were 3–6 months old during autumn, and not when fawns were only 1–2 months old during summer. We also found that time spent scanning was negatively related to time spent foraging and that this relationship became stronger over time, as fawns gradually switch from a nutrition rich (milk) to a nutrition poor (grass) diet. Our results highlight a potential mechanistic pathway in which neonate personality may drive differences in early-life resource acquisition of a large social mammal.
Epidemiology, monitoring, and treatment strategy in cardiogenic shock. A multinational cross-sectional survey of ESC-acute cardiovascular care association research section
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , Rossello Xavier , Grand Johannes , Gierlotka Marek , Sionis Alessandro , Ahrens Ingo , Hassager Christian , Price Susanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition burdened by mortality in up to 50% of cases. Few recommendations exist with intermediate–low level of evidence on CS management and no data on adherence across centres exist. We performed a survey to frame CS management at multinational level.

Methods and results
An international cross-sectional survey was created and approved by European Society of Cardiology-Acute Cardiovascular Care Association board. A total of 337 responses from 60 countries were obtained. Data were assessed by the hospital level of care of the participants. The most common cause of CS was AMI (AMI-CS—79.9%) with significant difference according to hospital levels (P = 0.001), followed by acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) (13.4%), myocarditis (3.5%), and de novo HF (1.75%). In 37.8%, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed to all CS-patients as a standard approach, whereas 42.1% used PCI if electrocardiogram suggestive of ischaemia and 20.1% only if Universal definition of myocardial infarction criteria are fulfilled. Management (catecholamine titration and mechanical circulatory support escalation) is driven by mean arterial pressure (87.1%), echocardiography (84.4%), and lactate levels (83.4%). Combination of vasopressor and inotrope is chosen with the same frequency (37.7%) than inotrope alone as first-line pharmacological therapy (differences amongst hospital levels; P &gt; 0.5). Noradrenaline is first-line vasopressor (89.9%) followed by dopamine (8.5%), whereas dobutamine is confirmed as the first-line inotrope (65.9%).

Conclusion
Cardiogenic shock management is heterogenous and often not adherent to current recommendations. Quality improvement on an international level with evidence-based quality indicators should be developed to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.
The blanking period after atrial fibrillation ablation: an European Heart Rhythm Association survey on contemporary definition and management
Authors: Bordignon Stefano , Barra Sergio , Providencia Rui , de Asmundis Carlo , Marijon Eloi , Farkowski Michal M , Anic Ante , Guerra Jose M , Kosiuk Jedrzej , Iliodromitis Konstantinos , Schmidt Boris , Conte Giulio , Chun Julian K R , Boveda Serge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of a blanking period (BP) after an atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedure is a common practice, but recent data questions the benign nature of early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERATs). A physician-based survey was carried out by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) to investigate the current definition and applicability of BP and ERAT management. An online questionnaire was sent to clinical and interventional electrophysiologists. A total of 436 respondents (88% interventional electrophysiologists) reported observing ERATs in 25% (interquartile range 15–35) of patients, less commonly in paroxysmal AF (PAF) compared with persistent AF (persAF). The median reported duration of BP used by respondents was 90 days, with 22% preferring a shorter BP duration for PAF patients compared with persAF. Half of the patients with ERATs are expected to also experience late recurrences (LR). Isolated episodes of ERATs are treated conservatively by 99% of the respondents, but repeat ablation during the BP is preferred by 20% of electrophysiologists for multiple ERATs and by 16% in patients with organized atrial tachyarrhythmias. In conclusion, ERATs are commonly observed after AF ablation, particularly in persAF patients, and are perceived as predictors of LR by half of the respondents. A general adherence to a 90-day BP duration was observed. During this time period, ERAT is mainly treated conservatively, but repeat ablation during the BP is occasionally offered to patients with multiple ERATs and those with organized atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Global and explicit approximation of piecewise-smooth two-dimensional functions from cell-average data
Authors: Amat Sergio , Levin David , Ruiz-Alvárez Juan , Yáñez Dionisio F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Given cell-average data values of a piecewise-smooth bivariate function $f$ within a domain $\varOmega $, we look for a piecewise adaptive approximation to $f$. We are interested in an explicit and global (smooth) approach. Bivariate approximation techniques, as trigonometric or splines approximations, achieve reduced approximation orders near the boundary of the domain and near curves of jump singularities of the function or its derivatives. Whereas the boundary of $\varOmega $ is assumed to be known, the subdivision of $\varOmega $ to subdomains on which $f$ is smooth is unknown. The first challenge of the proposed approximation algorithm would be to find a good approximation to the curves separating the smooth subdomains of $f$. In the second stage, we simultaneously look for approximations to the different smooth segments of $f$, where on each segment we approximate the function by a linear combination of basis functions $\{p_i\}_{i=1}^M$, considering the corresponding cell averages. A discrete Laplacian operator applied to the given cell-average data intensifies the structure of the singularity of the data across the curves separating the smooth subdomains of $f$. We refer to these derived values as the signature of the data, and we use it for both approximating the singularity curves separating the different smooth regions of $f$. The main contributions here are improved convergence rates to the approximation of the singularity curves and the approximation of $f$, an explicit and global formula, and, in particular, the derivation of a piecewise-smooth high-order approximation to the function.
Indications for the use of metronidazole in the treatment of non-periodontal dental infections: a systematic review
Authors: Cooper Lesley , Stankiewicz Nikolai , Sneddon Jacqueline , Seaton R Andrew , Smith Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Dental practitioners are the largest prescribers of metronidazole. Antibiotics should only be prescribed when systemic involvement is clear and should be limited to monotherapy with β-lactams in the first instance.

Objectives
To determine whether metronidazole used as monotherapy or in addition to a β-lactam antibiotic offers any additional benefit over β-lactam monotherapy in non-periodontal dental infections.

Methods
Searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane library and trials registries, forward and backward citations, for studies published between database inception and 2 August 2021. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials comparing either systemic metronidazole monotherapy or metronidazole combined with a β-lactam with β-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of non-periodontal dental infections in adults or children in outpatient settings were included.

Results
Four publications reporting three RCTs comparing metronidazole with a β-lactam antibiotic were recovered. Studies were conducted in the 1970s–80s and aimed to demonstrate metronidazole was as effective as penicillin for the treatment of acute pericoronitis or acute apical infections with systemic involvement. Meta-analysis of results was not possible due to differences in measurement of infection signs. All studies concluded that metronidazole and penicillin are equally effective for the treatment of non-periodontal dental infections with systemic involvement.

Conclusions
Metronidazole does not provide superior clinical outcomes (alone or in combination with a β-lactam) when compared with a β-lactam antibiotic alone for the treatment of non-periodontal dental infections in general dental practice. Guidelines should reinforce the importance of surgical interventions and if appropriate the use of a single agent narrow-spectrum β-lactam.
‘Buy Cheap, Buy Dear!’: Selling Consumer Activism in the Salvation Army c. 1885–1905
Authors: Janssen Flore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines how the late nineteenth-century Salvation Army used consumer activism as a fundraising strategy, an impetus towards social change, and a means of consolidating its visible presence in public and domestic settings. It argues that the Salvation Army was unique in its combination of its own production systems with the creation and capture of an unusually far-reaching activist market. As much of its support came from lower-income communities, the Salvation Army developed ways to facilitate their participation in activist consumption. Harnessing consumer identity allowed the organization to cast its supporters as active participants, and both donations to and purchases from the Salvation Army were framed as positive changes in consumer behaviour connected to spiritual welfare. Much of this process was refracted through the Trade Department, which competed with secular sellers to produce a range of household essentials; but this also put pressure on the membership to use their consumer power to benefit the Salvation Army whenever possible. The article draws on the organization’s substantial periodical output to interrogate the communication strategies that underpinned these consumer engagement practices. It offers a comparative analysis of two examples of the Salvation Army’s commercial ventures during this period: the trading activities centred around the Trade Department, and the Darkest England Match Factory. It argues that while the Trade Department demonstrates the success of the organization’s own brand of accessible consumer activism, the match factory shows a failure in the communication strategies designed to win consumers for the Salvation Army cause.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Boosters: An Influenza Vaccine Perspective
Authors: Sayers David R 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Changes to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine guidance since their initial authorization may lead to confusion and hesitancy. Suggested recommendations for an annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccine naturally draw comparisons with the influenza vaccine program. Considering viral and vaccine characteristics between these pathogens provides an important perspective that can help increase vaccine confidence with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: tidal disruption events of white dwarfs in globular clusters and young mass clusters
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Giersz Mirek , Arca Sedda Manuel 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We exploit more than 1000 star cluster Monte Carlo models from the mocca Survey Database I, to infer the local rate density of white dwarf (WD) tidal disruption events (TDEs) in globular clusters (GCs) and young massive clusters (YMCs). We suggest that the WD TDE rate for GCs and YMCs in the local Universe is ∼90–500 yr−1 Gpc−3, with 90 per cent of WD TDEs occurring in GCs. The total WD TDE rate density is ∼9–50 times larger than estimated previously. Our results show that thermonuclear explosions induced by WD TDEs can be observed at a rate of ∼100–550 yr−1 by the next generation optical surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space & Time by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We also find that massive WDs are preferentially disrupted as a result of mass segregation, and that 20 per cent of exploding WDs have mass$\gtrsim 1.0 \, {\rm M}_\odot$ despite the small population of such WDs.
Lessons from the massive relic NGC 1277: Remaining in situstar formation in the cores of massive galaxies
Authors: Salvador-Rusiñol N , Ferré-Mateu A , Vazdekis A , Beasley M A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectroscopic studies have suggested that passively evolving massive, early-type galaxies host sub-one per cent fractions of young stars in their innermost regions. We shed light on the origin of these stars by analysing NGC 1277, a widely studied nearby prototypical massive compact relic galaxy. These are rare galaxies that have survived without experiencing significant size evolution via accretion and mergers since their formation at high redshift. We obtain a spectrum in the UV range within the central 1 kpc region of NGC 1277. We compare a carefully selected set of optical and NUV line-strengths to model predictions with star formation histories characteristic of massive galaxies. We find a 0.8 per cent mass fraction of young stars in the centre of NGC 1277, similar to that found in massive early-type galaxies. Given the limited accretion history of NGC 1277, these results favour an intrinsic, in situ, process triggering star formation at later epochs. Our results suggest a general constraint on the amount of young stars in the cores of massive early-type galaxies. This amount should be assumed as an upper limit for the young stellar contribution in massive galaxies, as there might be present other contributions from evolved stars.
Probing the cosmological principle with the CSST photometric survey
Authors: Xu Yu-Tian , Dai Ji-Ping , Zhao Dong , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The cosmological principle states that our Universe is statistically homogeneous and isotropic at large scales. However, due to the relative motion of the Solar System, an additional kinematic dipole can be detected in the distribution of galaxies, which should be consistent with the dipole observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. In this paper, we forecast the mock number count maps from the China Space Station Telescope photometric survey to reconstruct the kinematic dipole. Using the whole photometric mock data, we obtain a positive evidence for the dipole signal detection at 3σ confidence level, and the significance would be increased to 4σ when we only use the high-redshift samples with z = 1.8 ∼ 4. This result can provide a good consistency check between the kinematic dipoles measured in the CMB and that from the large-scale structure, which can help us to verify the basic cosmological principle.
Seropositivity, Risks, and Morbidity From Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections in an Adult PWH Cohort From 2000–2020
Authors: Zou Jason , Krentz Hartmut B , Lang Raynell , Beckthold Brenda , Fonseca Kevin , Gill M John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection disproportionately affects people with HIV (PWH), primarily presenting as herpes zoster. However, VZV seroprevalence, its association with zoster, and clinical outcomes remain understudied in era of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed VZV seroprevalence, rates of VZV illness, and associated health care costs in a large cohort of PWH over 20 years.

Methods
We performed retrospective chart reviews of patients followed at a regional HIV clinic from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2020. Serological, immunization, clinical, and costing data were extracted from in-house databases. VZV-related inpatient admissions, emergency department (ED), and urgent care (UC) visits were identified using relevant International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes and validated where possible by 2 physicians. Health care utilization costs were adjusted to 2020 Canadian dollars.

Results
Of 3006 PWH, VZV serology was available for 2628; of these, 2503 (95.2%) were seropositive. Only 39% of known seronegative patients were subsequently immunized for varicella. During 29 768 years of patient follow-up, 38 hospitalizations and 138 ED/UC visits due to VZV infection were identified. Most occurred in VZV-seropositive PWH &lt;50 years of age (82%) who were unimmunized (99.2%) and not on ART (64.8%). Nearly 25% of hospitalizations were due to laboratory-confirmed VZV meningitis/encephalitis. The average admission cost was CDN$33 001; the total measured cost of VZV illness was CDN$1 258 718.

Conclusions
Despite ART and vaccines for chickenpox and shingles, VZV still caused significant costs and morbidity for PWH, occurring at younger ages and often as encephalitis/meningitis. Supporting ART adherence may reduce VZV illness and hospitalization costs in PWH, and the cost-effectiveness of expanding shingles vaccine use warrants further study.
Activation and Regulation of NLR Immune Receptor Networks
Authors: Kourelis Jiorgos , Adachi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlants have many types of immune receptors that recognize diverse pathogen molecules and activate the innate immune system. The intracellular immune receptor family of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) perceives translocated pathogen effector proteins and executes a robust immune response, including programmed cell death. Many plant NLRs have functionally specialized to sense pathogen effectors (sensor NLRs) or to execute immune signaling (helper NLRs). Sub-functionalized NLRs form a network-type receptor system known as the NLR network. In this review, we highlight the concept of NLR networks, discussing how they are formed, activated and regulated. Two main types of NLR networks have been described in plants: the ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1/N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 network and the NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH network. In both networks, multiple helper NLRs function as signaling hubs for sensor NLRs and cell-surface-localized immune receptors. Additionally, the networks are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and are also modulated by other host proteins to ensure proper network activation and prevent autoimmunity. Plant pathogens in turn have converged on suppressing NLR networks, thereby facilitating infection and disease. Understanding the NLR immune system at the network level could inform future breeding programs by highlighting the appropriate genetic combinations of immunoreceptors to use while avoiding deleterious autoimmunity and suppression by pathogens.
Women Refugees and the Development of US Asylum Law: 1980-present
Authors: Anker Deborah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the past three decades, the US has developed a robust body of gender asylum law, including claims of women subject to sexual violence or other serious harm for reasons of gender. This body of law both reflects and has been a catalyst for larger shifts in US jurisprudence recognising the international treaty law basis of domestic asylum law. For years such progress was stymied by a dominant Cold War ideological decision-making paradigm and a woefully inadequate and politicised administrative bureaucracy. The growth of a domestic and international women’s rights movement, and more meaningful engagement by the US judiciary, have resulted in substantial changes. Although progress remains incomplete, today there is a significant body of administrative and federal judicial case law incorporating gender into the interpretation of key categories in refugee law, including gender-defined particular social groups (PSG) and gender-based claims under the political, race and religion grounds in the definition of refugee. These more principled developments have proven vulnerable to politics, particularly under the administration of President Donald J. Trump. However, a new approach, based in part on a clearer, regulatory articulation of doctrine, holds promise for the development of a more coherent and principled body of jurisprudence. This article places US gender asylum in the context of the larger political landscape (i.e., the Cold War, and post-Cold War politics). The article also attempts to draw the links between the development of gender asylum law and larger social and legal change movements, including a domestic and international women’s rights movements focused on issues of sexual violence and violence in the home or “domestic violence.”
The Boys in Blue Are Watching You: The Shifting Metropolitan Landscape and Big Data Police Surveillance in the United States
Authors: Duxbury Scott W , Andrabi Nafeesa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite decades of crime decline, police surveillance has continued to expand through a range of tactics oriented towards policing social disadvantage. Yet, despite attention to the linkages between residential inequality and policing, few studies have accounted for two intertwined structural developments since the turn of the 21st century: (1) the shift away from spatially concentrated patterns of racial segregation within urban centers towards sprawling patterns of economic segregation and (2) the turn from reactive policing towards proactive surveillance. Using the case of big data policing, we create a new measure of big data surveillance in metropolitan areas to examine how changes in segregation have affected the expansion of proactive police surveillance. In contrast to theoretical accounts emphasizing the role of police surveillance in governing economic inequality and perpetuating racial segregation, we do not find evidence that racial segregation or income inequality increase big data surveillance. Instead, much of the recent rise in big data policing is explained by increases in sprawling patterns of income segregation. These results provide new insight into the linkages between policing and residential inequality and reveal how changes in metropolitan segregation influence criminal justice surveillance in the era of big data.