bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: Evolving paradigms in a complex disease
Authors: Kozera Emily K. , Frew John W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa is a complex inflammatory skin disease with the molecular pathogenesis of disease incompletely understood. Recent observational and experimental insights into disease pathogenesis are challenging long‐held beliefs regarding the causes and mechanisms of disease. The most effective treatments to date are anti‐inflammatory in nature suggesting inflammation is the major driver of disease activity. This study critically evaluates the existing literature regarding the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Specifically, it questions the role of follicular occlusion as the central driver of disease activity and reframes hidradenitis suppurativa as a complex autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorder. Ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of disease will no doubt lead to more efficacious therapeutics to control this burdensome disabling disease.
Reaction kinetics of anodic biofilms under changing substrate concentrations: Uncovering shifts in Nernst‐Monod curves via substrate pulses
Authors: Kubannek Fabian , Block Jonathan , Munirathinam Balakrishnan , Krull Rainer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present study, it is shown that the concentration dependency of undefined mixed culture anodic biofilms does not follow a single kinetic curve, such as the Nernst‐Monod curve. The biofilms adapt to concentration changes, which inevitably have to be applied to record kinetic curves, resulting in strong shifts of the kinetic parameters. The substrate concentration in a continuously operated bioelectrochemical system was changed rapidly via acetate pulses to record Nernst‐Monod curves which are not influenced by biofilm adaptation processes. The values of the maximum current density jmax and apparent half‐saturation rate constant Ks increased from 0.5 to 1 mA cm−2 and from 0.5 to 1.6 mmol L−1, respectively, within approximately 5 h. Double pulse experiments with a starvation phase between the two acetate pulses showed that jmax and Ks decrease reversibly through an adaptation process when no acetate is available. Pseudo‐capacitive charge values estimated from non‐turnover cyclic voltammograms (CV) led to the hypothesis that biofilm adaptation and the observed shift of the Nernst‐Monod curves occurred due to changes in the concentration of active redox proteins in the biofilm. It is argued that concentration‐related parameters of kinetic models for electroactive biofilms are only valid for the operating points where they have been determined and should always be reported with those conditions.
Topographic perturbation of turbulent boundary layers by low‐angle, early‐stage aeolian dunes
Authors: Bristow Nathaniel R. , Best Jim , Wiggs Giles F. S. , Nield Joanna M. , Baddock Matthew C. , Delorme Pauline , Christensen Kenneth T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecimeter‐scale early‐stage aeolian bedforms represent topographic features that differ notably from their mature dune counterparts, with nascent forms exhibiting more gently sloping lee sides and a reverse asymmetry in their flow‐parallel bed profile compared to mature dunes. Flow associated with the development of these “protodunes,” wherein the crest gradually shifts downstream towards its mature state, was investigated by studying the perturbation of the turbulent boundary layer over a succession of representative bedforms. Rigid, three‐dimensional models were studied in a refractive‐index‐matched experimental flume that enabled near‐surface quantification of mean velocities and Reynolds stresses using particle‐image velocimetry in wall‐normal and wall‐parallel measurement planes. Data indicate strong, topographically induced flow perturbations over the protodunes, to a similar relative degree to that found over mature dunes, despite their low‐angled slopes. The shape of the crest is found to be an important factor in the development of flow perturbations, and only in the case with the flattest crest was maximal speed‐up of flow, and reduction in turbulent stresses, found to occur upstream of the crest. Investigation of the log‐linearity of the boundary layer profile over the stoss sides showed that, although the profile is strongly perturbed, a log‐linear region exists, but is shifted vertically. A streamwise trend in friction velocity is thus present, showing a behavior similar to the trends in mean velocity. Analysis of the growth of the internal boundary layer on the dune stoss sides, beginning at the toe region, reveals a similar development for all dune shapes, despite clear differences in mean velocity and turbulent stress perturbations in their toe regions. The data presented herein provide the first documentation of flow over morphologies broadly characteristic of subtle, low‐angle, aeolian protodunes, and indicate key areas where further study is required to yield a more complete quantitative understanding of flow–form–transport couplings that govern their morphodynamics.
Visual representations of SARS‐CoV‐2, emotions, and risk perception of COVID‐19
Authors: Li Nan , Molder Amanda L. , Yang Shiyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsBefore COVID‐19 was declared a global pandemic, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and many other organizations published many images of its pathogen (namely SARS‐CoV‐2) to raise public awareness of the disease. Despite their scientific and aesthetic values, such images may convey metaphoric meanings and cause a subsequent impact on viewers' fear and disgust. This study investigated how exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 images might shape viewers' fear, disgust, and risk perception of COVID‐19.MethodsSeventy images depicting the SARS‐CoV‐2 were collected from the websites of CDC, NIAID, and third‐party organizations in early 2020. We first showed the images to a group of 492 adults recruited from the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and asked them to rate their levels of fear and disgust for each image. Results of this pre‐test allowed us to identify images that evoked high, medium, and low levels of fear and disgust, which were then used as treatment stimuli for an online experiment with a national sample of 500 U.S. adults.ResultsExposure to the selected SARS‐CoV‐2 images caused different levels of disgust, but not fear, among the members of the national sample. Noticeably, the images evoking the highest level of disgust backfired among those who were least concerned about COVID and caused less fear than images evoking the lowest level of disgust. Image exposure was not associated with risk perception of the disease.ConclusionThis study found that the seemingly objective visualizations of the SARS‐CoV‐2 are not emotionally neutral. Scientists, agencies, and media professionals should be mindful of the potential emotional impact of science visualizations, such as when creating the iconic image for COVID‐19 or other infectious diseases.
Optical properties of human brain and tumour tissue: An ex vivo study spanning the visible range to beyond the second near‐infrared window
Authors: Shapey Jonathan , Xie Yijing , Nabavi Elham , Ebner Michael , Saeed Shakeel R. , Kitchen Neil , Dorward Neil , Grieve Joan , McEvoy Andrew W. , Miserocchi Anna , Grover Patrick , Bradford Robert , Lim Yau‐Mun , Ourselin Sebastien , Brandner Sebastian , Jaunmuktane Zane , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeuro‐oncology surgery would benefit from detailed intraoperative tissue characterization provided by noncontact, contrast‐agent‐free, noninvasive optical imaging methods. In‐depth knowledge of target tissue optical properties across a wide‐wavelength spectrum could inform the design of optical imaging and computational methods to enable robust tissue analysis during surgery. We adapted a dual‐beam integrating sphere to analyse small tissue samples and investigated ex vivo optical properties of five types of human brain tumour (meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, low‐ and high‐grade glioma) and nine different types of healthy brain tissue across a wavelength spectrum of 400 to 1800 nm. Fresh and frozen tissue samples were analysed. All tissue types demonstrated similar absorption spectra, but the reduced scattering coefficients of tumours show visible differences in the obtained optical spectrum compared to those of surrounding normal tissue. These results underline the potential of optical imaging technologies for intraoperative tissue characterization.
Addressing epistemic injustice in HIV research: a call for reporting guidelines on meaningful community engagement
Authors: Pantelic Marija , Steinert Janina I. , Ayala George , Sprague Laurel , Chang Judy , Thomas Ruth Morgan , Nininahazwe Cedric , Caswell Georgina , Bach‐Mortensen Anders M. , Bourne Adam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite the widely recognized ethical and practical benefits of community engagement in HIV research, epistemic injustice persists within the field. Namely, the knowledge held by communities disproportionately affected by HIV is systematically afforded less credibility than that of more privileged academic researchers. In order to illustrate what this looks like in practice, we synthesized the extent of reporting on community engagement within recent high‐impact HIV intervention research papers. However, we also posit that the HIV research sector has the potential to devise and showcase world‐leading examples of equitable research‐community partnerships and suggest actionable key steps to achieving this goal.DiscussionIn the absence of reporting requirements within the publishing process, it is difficult to infer whether and how the community have been consulted in the design, implementation, analysis and/or interpretation of findings. As an illustrative exercise, we offer a rapid synthesis of the extent of reporting on community engagement in HIV research from 2017 to 2019, which highlighted sporadic and very low rates of reporting of community engagement in recent high‐impact HIV intervention studies. Of note is that none of the included studies reported on community engagement through all stages of the research process. There were also discrepancies in how community involvement was reported. We provide three actionable recommendations to enhance reporting on community engagement in HIV research: (1) community‐led organizations, researchers and scientific journals should band together to develop, publish and require adherence to standardized guidelines for reporting on community involvement in HIV research; (2) research funders should (continue to) require details about how relevant communities have been engaged prior to the submission of funding requests; and (3) researchers should take proactive measures to describe their engagement with community organizations in a clear and transparent manner.ConclusionsThere is a clear and urgent need for guidelines that facilitate transparent and consistent reporting on community engagement in HIV intervention research. Without standardized reporting requirements and accountability mechanisms within the research sector, the extent of meaningful community engagement cannot be established and may remain a catchphrase rather than reality.
Management of Operational Parameters and Novel Spinneret Configurations for the Electrohydrodynamic Processing of Functional Polymers
Authors: Silva Pedro M. , Torres‐Giner Sergio , Vicente António A. , Cerqueira Miguel A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctional materials have become key drivers in the development of multiple high‐end technologies. Electrohydrodynamic processing (EHDP) is a straightforward method to generate polymer micro‐ and nanostructures that can be applied to the food, pharmaceutical, environmental, and biomedical areas, among others, since these can yield materials with higher performance. Some of the EHDP's advantages over other polymer processing technologies rely on its high versatility, by which the final assembly can be modified in different ways to combine materials with multiple properties and also in different morphological structures, and the use of room processing conditions, meaning that thermolabile ingredients can be incorporated with minimal activity loss. This review provides the historical background, process basics, and the state‐of‐the‐art of the most recent advances achieved in the EHDP technology dealing with the control of its operational parameters to optimize processability and achieve end‐product quality and homogeneity. It also focuses on the newly developed modes of operation and spinneret configurations that can lead to the formation of a wide range of micro‐ and nanostructures with different functionalities and solve some of its current technical limitations. Finally, it also further highlights the potential applications of the resultant hierarchical functional polymer‐based materials obtained by these novel EHDP methods.
An investigation of coupled solution algorithms for finite‐strain poroviscoelasticity applied to soft biological tissues
Authors: Klahr Bruno , Medeiros Thiesen José Luís , Teixeira Pinto Otávio , Carniel Thiago André , Fancello Eduardo Alberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPoroviscoelastic models have been widely employed to the modeling of hydrated biological tissues, since they allow to investigate the biomechanical responses associated with the interstitial fluid flow. Such problems present strong physical couplings arising from material and geometrical nonlinearities. In this regard, the present study investigates the numerical performance of five biphasic solution algorithms within the context of soft biological tissues: monolithic, drained, undrained, fixed‐strain, and fixed‐stress scheme. To this end, two classical tests were studied within a finite element framework: confined and unconfined compression tests. Since these tests behave differently in terms of biphasic coupling, the sensitivity of different permeability values and time increments to the algorithms' performance were assessed. The results highlight that iterative techniques perform well over the monolithic one for weak coupling cases but suffer from lack of convergence when the coupling strength increases. This means that, in contrast to what is recommended in the vast majority of geomechanics papers, the iteratively‐coupled schemes are not always well‐suited methods for problems related to soft biological tissues mechanics. The monolithic scheme thus emerges as the most reliable choice to solve biphasic problems in a biomechanics context, specifically when high coupling strength problems and small time increments take place.
Gut microbiome and diet in populations with obesity: Role of the Na+/K+‐ATPase transporter signaling in severe COVID‐19
Authors: Khitan Zeid J. , Chin Khew‐Voon , Sodhi Komal , Kheetan Murad , Alsanani Ahlim , Shapiro Joseph I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe triad of obesity, a high‐protein diet from animal sources, and disturbed gut microbiota have been linked to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. In this report, the effect of oxidative stress resulting from the Na+/K+‐ATPase transporter signaling cascade is explored as a driver of this poor clinical outcome.MethodsProtein–protein interactions with the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome were identified from the interactome data for Na+/K+‐transporting ATPase subunit α‐1 (ATP1A1), epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERB‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, using the curated data from the BioGRID Database of Protein Interactions. Data for the gene expression pattern of inflammatory response were from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for cardiomyocytes post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (number GSE151879).ResultsThe ATP1A1 subunit of the Na+/K+‐ATPase transporter is targeted by multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. Furthermore, receptor proteins associated with inflammatory response, including epidermal growth factor receptor and ERB‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (which interact with ATP1A1), are also targeted by some SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins. This heightened interaction likely triggers a cytokine release that increases the severity of the viral infection in individuals with obesity.ConclusionsThe similarities between the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and indoxyl sulphate on the Na+/K+‐ATPase transporter signaling cascade suggest the possibility of an augmentation of gene changes seen with COVID‐19 infection that can result in a hyperinduction of cytokine release in individuals with obesity.
State‐wide increase in prenatal diagnosis of klinefelter syndrome on amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: Impact of non‐invasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome conditions
Authors: Loughry Lulu , Pynaker Cecilia , White Mary , Halliday Jane , Hui Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze population‐based trends in the prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) since the availability of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).MethodsRetrospective state‐wide data for all prenatal diagnoses performed <25 weeks gestation from 2005 to 2020 in Victoria, Australia. Non‐invasive prenatal testing became locally available from 2012. The prenatal diagnosis rates of SCA as proportions of all prenatal diagnostic tests and all births were calculated. Statistical significance was assessed with the χ2 test for trend, with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results46,518 amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling were performed during the study period, detecting 617 SCAs. There was a significant increase in the rate of prenatal SCAs from 5.8 per 10,000 births in 2005 to 8.7 per 10,000 births in 2020 (p < 0.0001). This increase was predominantly due to 47,XXY cases, 91% of which were ascertained via positive NIPT for this condition in 2020. The prenatal diagnosis rate of 47,XXY significantly increased from 0.8 per 10,000 births in 2005 to 4.3 per 10,000 births in 2020 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionScreening for SCAs using NIPT has directly led to an increase in their prenatal diagnosis on a population‐wide basis, especially 47,XXY. This has implications for clinician education, genetic counselling, and pediatric services.
R&D contribution to sustainable product attributes development: The complementarity of human capital
Authors: Ullah Zeeshan , Arslan Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current article aims to study the role of organizational research and development (R&D) function in sustainable product attributes (SPA) development, using the knowledge‐based view (KBV) theoretical lens. Specifically, this study investigates the extent of R&D contribution in aggregate and disaggregated SPA development. Furthermore, this article analyzes the extent to which human capital complements R&D's contribution to aggregate and disaggregated SPA development. The analysis of 433 manufacturing firms' panel datasets (from 2002 to 2017) provides evidence of a positive influence of R&D on aggregate and disaggregated SPA development. The moderation analysis results confirm that human capital complements R&D's contribution to SPA development. By studying R&D under the KBV, this study provides coherence to the R&D‐sustainable product development relation and contributes to R&D‐sustainable product literature. This article further contributes to the R&D‐sustainable product relationship by analyzing the complementarity of human capital in R&D to develop aggregate and disaggregated SPA. This study clarifies to managers that regardless of resource constraints, a firm can develop SPA by capitalizing R&D knowledge relatedness to corporate social responsibility, and human capital complements R&D's contribution to SPA development.
Memristive Behaviors Dominated by Reversible Nucleation Dynamics of Phase‐Change Nanoclusters
Authors: Wan Qin , Zeng Fei , Sun Yiming , Chen Tongjin , Yu Junwei , Wu Huaqiang , Zhao Zhen , Cao Jiangli , Pan Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the important steps for realizing artificial intelligence is identifying elementary units that are beneficial for neural network construction. A type of memristive behavior in which phase‐change nanoclusters nucleate adaptively in two adjacent dielectric layers with distinct distribution patterns is demonstrated. This memristive system responds in potentiation to increased stimulation strength and fire action potential after threshold stimulation. Reversible nucleation of phase‐change nanoclusters is confirmed after both in situ and ex situ examinations using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The dynamics at the nanoscale level dominates the actions of the two dielectric layers. The oscillation response over a long period is due to the competition between crystalline and amorphous phases in the layer near the bottom electrode. Weight mutation, that is, action potential firing, is caused by the blockage of the filament in the layer near the top electrode. The memristive system is compact and able to execute complicated functions of a complete neuron and performs an important role in neuromorphic computing.
Centrifugal Assembly of Helical Bijel Fibers for pH Responsive Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Kharal Shankar P. , Haase Martin F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn microfluidics, centrifugal forces are important for centrifugal microfluidic chips and curved microchannels. Here, an unrecognized use of the centrifugal effect in microfluidics is introduced. The assembly of helical soft matter fibers in a rotating microcapillary is investigated. During assembly, the fibers undergo phase separation, generating particle stabilized bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsions gels. This process is accompanied by a transition of the fiber density over time. As a result, the direction of the centrifugal force in the rotating microcapillary changes. The authors analyze this effect systematically with high‐speed video microscopy and complementary computer simulations. The resulting understanding enables the control of the helical fiber assembly into microropes. These microropes can be converted into pH responsive hydrogels that swell and shrink with potential applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, controlled release, and sensing. More generally, the knowledge gained from this work shows that centrifugal forces potentially enable directed self‐assembly or separation of colloids, biological cells, and emulsions in microfluidics.
On linear power corrections in certain collider observables
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Ravasio Silvia Ferrario , Limatola Giovanni , Melnikov Kirill , Nason Paolo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study linear power corrections $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ΛQCD/Q) to certain collider observables. We present arguments that prove that such corrections cannot appear in observables that are inclusive with respect to QCD radiation, such as total cross sections as well as rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of color-neutral particles. Although our calculations are carried out in a simplified framework, our arguments and conclusions are applicable, with some reservations, to processes both at lepton and hadron colliders. We also show how an improved understanding of the origin of linear power corrections allows us to simplify their calculation. As an application, we compute the leading non-perturbative corrections to the C-parameter and the thrust in e+e− annihilation in a generic three-jet configuration.