bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy cost of walking in obese survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Wogksch Matthew D. , Finch Emily R. , Nolan Vikki G. , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Mzayek Fawaz , Goodenough Chelsea G. , Pui Ching-Hon , Inaba Hiroto , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Kaste Sue C. , Brinkman Tara M. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Jefferies John L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeAdult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have impaired adaptive physical function and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Obesity may contribute to these impairments by increasing the physiological cost of walking. Due to treatment exposures during ALL therapy, survivors’ cost of walking may be more impacted by obesity than the general population. Therefore, we examined associations between obesity, persistent motor neuropathy, and energy cost of walking; and examined associations between energy cost of walking, adaptive physical function, and HRQoL, in adult survivors of childhood ALL vs. community controls.MethodsObesity was measured via body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. The physiological cost index (PCI) was calculated from the six-minute walk test. Adaptive physical functioning was measured using two tests: the timed up and go (TUG) test and the physical performance test. Persistent motor neuropathy was measured using the modified total neuropathy score; HRQoL was measured using the Short-Form-36 questionnaire. The associations between obesity and PCI were evaluated using multivariable linear regressions in adult survivors of childhood ALL (n = 1,166) and community controls (n = 491). Then, the associations between PCI, adaptive physical functioning and peripheral neuropathy were examined using multivariable linear regressions. Finally, to determine the association between obesity, and neuropathy on PCI, while accounting for potential lifestyle and treatment confounders, a three model, sequential linear regression was used.ResultsObese individuals (BMI &gt; 40 kg/m2 and excess body fat percentage [males: &gt;25%; females: &gt;33%]) had higher PCI compared to those with normal BMI and body fat percentage (0.56 ± 0.01 vs. 0.49 ± 0.009 beats/meter p &lt; .01; and 0.51 ± 0.007 vs. 0.48 ± .0006 beats/meter p &lt; .01, respectively). Treatment exposures did not attenuate this association. Increased PCI was associated with longer TUG time in survivors, but not community controls (6.14 ± 0.02 s vs. 5.19 ± 0.03 s, p &lt; .01). Survivors with PCI impairment &gt;95th percentile of community controls had lower HRQoL compared to un-impaired ALL survivors: 46.9 ± 0.56 vs. 50.4 ± 1.08, respectively (p &lt; .01).ConclusionObesity was associated with increased PCI. Survivors with high PCI had disproportionately worse adaptive physical function and HRQoL compared to controls. Survivors with increased energy costs of walking may benefit from weight loss interventions.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan versus chemotherapy for patients with HER2-low advanced breast cancer: A US-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Zhu Youwen , Liu Kun , Zhu Xiaolu , Qin Qun , Zhu Hong 
Published: October 2022

Background: In recent years, the rise of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) has changed the treatment paradigm for patients with HER2-low advanced breast cancer (ABC). DESTINY-Breast04 (NCT03734029) has demonstrated the antitumor activity of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). However, the balance between the efficacy and cost of T-DXd remains undefined. Consequently, there is a great need to assess the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd for patients with HER2-low ABC when compared with chemotherapy.Methods: A Markov decision-analytic model with a time horizon of 15 years was employed to estimate the costs and clinical efficacy of trials with the administration of T-DXd in contrast to chemotherapy alone as a later-line therapy in a group of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) or negative (HR-) HER2-low ABC. The US payer perspective was taken into account when factors such as medical lifetime expenditure, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the model’s stability. A subgroup analysis was also conducted on the HR+/HER2-low cohort.Results: T-DXd was associated with an improvement of 0.543, 0.558, and 0.789 QALYs when compared with treatment with chemotherapy for overall, HR+, and HR- HER2-low patients, respectively. However, incorporating T-DXd into later-line therapy led to increased costs ($161,406, $177,907, and $155,757), which causes the ICER for T-DXd to be $296,873, $318,944, and $197,355 per QALY. The cost of T-DXd and the patient’s weight were the most influential factors for ICER. T-DXd being the dominant strategy is about 1.5%, 0.5%, and 28.0% in overall, HR+, and HR- HER2-low ABC patients, respectively. In addition, the T-DXd regimen was not cost-effective in all subgroups.Conclusion: Compared with chemotherapy, T-DXd was not cost-effective for patients with HER2-low ABC in the United States. However, it can provide more health benefits to patients with HR+/HER2-low ABC.
Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An exploratory, randomized, double-blinded and placebo controlled trial
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Yu Xue-qing , Xie Yang , Yang Shu-guang , Zhao Limin , Zhou Miao , Meng Yong 
Published: October 2022

Background and objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a critical disease, with limited treatments available. Clinical practices show that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has certain efficacy. This study was preliminarily to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation in IPF.Methods: A study design of exploratory, multi-centers, randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial has been adopted. A total of 80 IPF patients from four sub-centers were enrolled. All the patients were randomly assigned into TCM group (TCMG) or control group (CG) in 1:1. Patients in TCMG were given CM granules, as patients in CG given with the placebo of CM granule. All the patients received a 26-week treatment. The efficacy was assessed by acute exacerbations (AEs) of IPF, pulmonary function, clinical symptoms, dyspnea scores (mMRC), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and all-cause mortality. Safety has also been assessed.Results: A total of 67 patients completed the trial with 35 in TCM group and 32 in control group. Meaningful differences have been observed in mean changes in AEs (−1.56 times; 95% CI, −2.69 to −0.43, p = 0.01), DLco% (5.29; 95% CI, 0.76 to 9.81, p = 0.02), cough scores (−0.38 points; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.04, p = 0.03), and 6MWT (30.43 m; 95% CI, 2.85 to 58.00, p = 0.03), with no statistical differences in FEV1, FVC, expectoration, chest tightness, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Cyanosis, mMRC, CAT, SF-36, and SGRQ total scores in 26 weeks after treatment than before treatment. At of the end of follow-up, a total of 10 patients died, including three and seven in the TCM and control group respectively. And the HR (Hazard ratio) for CM granules in all-cause mortality was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.10–1.52). The drug-related adverse events were not observed.Conclusion: CM granules, as compared with placebo, could reduce frequencies of AEs, improve pulmonary function, HRQoL, exercise capacity and symptoms and signs for IPF to some extent with acceptable side-effect.
Natural products for migraine: Data-mining analyses of Chinese Medicine classical literature
Authors: Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Lyu Shaohua , Zhang Anthony Lin , Guo Xinfeng , Sun Jingbo , Lu Chuanjian , Luo Xiaodong , Xue Charlie Changli 
Published: October 2022

Background: Treatment effect of current pharmacotherapies for migraine is unsatisfying. Discovering new anti-migraine natural products and nutraceuticals from large collections of Chinese medicine classical literature may assist to address this gap.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (version 5.0) to obtain migraine-related citations, then screened and scored these citations to identify clinical management of migraine using oral herbal medicine in history. Information of formulae, herbs and symptoms were further extracted. After standardisation, these data were analysed using frequency analysis and the Apriori algorithm. Anti-migraine effects and mechanisms of actions of the main herbs and formula were summarised.Results: Among 614 eligible citations, the most frequently used formula was chuan xiong cha tiao san (CXCTS), and the most frequently used herb was chuan xiong. Dietary medicinal herbs including gan cao, bai zhi, bo he, tian ma and sheng jiang were identified. Strong associations were constructed among the herb ingredients of CXCTS formula. Symptoms of chronic duration and unilateral headache were closely related with herbs of chuan xiong, gan cao, fang feng, qiang huo and cha. Symptoms of vomiting and nausea were specifically related to herbs of sheng jiang and ban xia.Conclusion: The herb ingredients of CXCTS which presented anti-migraine effects with reliable evidence of anti-migraine actions can be selected as potential drug discovery candidates, while dietary medicinal herbs including sheng jiang, bo he, cha, bai zhi, tian ma, and gan cao can be further explored as nutraceuticals for migraine.
A new method to characterize low stopping power and ultra-fast scintillators using pulsed X-rays
Authors: Pagano Fiammetta , Kratochwil Nicolaus , Frank Isabel , Gundacker Stefan , Paganoni Marco , Pizzichemi Marco , Salomoni Matteo , Auffray Etiennette 
Published: October 2022

The demand for detectors with a time resolution below 100 ps is at the center of research in different fields, from high energy physics to medical imaging. In recent years, interest has grown in nanomaterials that, benefiting from quantum confinement effects, can feature ultra-fast scintillation kinetics and tunable emission. However, standard characterization methods for scintillation properties–relying on radiation sources with an energy range of several hundreds of keV–are not suitable for these materials due to their low stopping power, leading to a slowdown of this R&amp;D line. We present a new method to characterize the time resolution and light output of scintillating materials, using a soft (0–40 keV energy) pulsed X-ray source and optimized high-frequency readout electronics. First, we validated the proposed method using standard scintillators. Then, we also demonstrated the feasibility to measure the time resolution and get an insight into the light output of nanomaterials (InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well and CsPbBr3 perovskite). This technique is, therefore, proposed as a fundamental tool for characterization of nanomaterials and, more in general, of materials with low stopping power to better guide their development. Moreover, it opens the way to new applications where fast X-ray detectors are requested, such as time-of-flight X-ray imaging.
Influence of acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure prior to aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in geriatric patients—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Behrendt Tom , Altorjay Ann-Christin , Bielitzki Robert , Behrens Martin , Glazachev Oleg S. , Schega Lutz 
Published: October 2022

Background: Intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) and aerobic training have been proposed as non-pharmacological interventions to reduce age-related risk factors. However, no study has yet examined the effects of IHHE before aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations as well as blood pressure in geriatric patients.Methods: In a randomized, controlled, and single-blinded trial, thirty geriatric patients (72–94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention (IG; n = 16) and sham control group (CG; n = 14). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic cycling training, 3 times a week for 20 min per day. The IG and CG were additionally exposed to IHHE or sham IHHE (i.e., normoxia) for 30 min prior to aerobic cycling. Blood samples were taken on three occasions: immediately before the first, ∼10 min after the first, and immediately before the last session. Blood samples were analyzed for total (tCh), high-density (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (Tgl) serum concentration. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was assessed within 1 week before, during (i.e., at week two and four), and after the interventions.Results: The baseline-adjusted ANCOVA revealed a higher LDL-C concentration in the IG compared to the CG after the first intervention session (ηp2 = 0.12). For tCh, HDL-C, Tgl, and tCh/HDL-C ratio there were no differences in acute changes between the IG and the CG (ηp2 ≤ 0.01). With regard to the chronic effects on lipids and lipoproteins, data analysis indicated no differences between groups (ηp2 ≤ 0.03). The repeated measures ANOVA revealed an interaction effect for SBP (ηp2 = 0.06) but not for DBP (ηp2 ≤ 0.01). Within-group post-hoc analysis for the IG indicated a reduction in SBP at post-test (d = 0.05).Conclusion: Applying IHHE prior to aerobic cycling seems to be effective to reduce SBP in geriatric patients after 6 weeks of training. The present study suggests that IHHE prior to aerobic cycling can influence the acute exercise-related responses in LDL-C concentration but did not induce chronic changes in basal lipid or lipoprotein concentrations.
Sleep disorders mediate the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in children and adolescents with depression
Authors: Luo Bei , Yang Yingying , Zhang Dapeng , Zhang Qing , Liu Zhichun , Wang Song , Shi Yudong , Xia Lei , Wang Jiawei , Liu Zhiwei , Geng Feng , Chen Changhao , Wen Xiangwang , Luo Xiangfen , Zhang Kai , Liu Huanzhong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundChildhood trauma is closely related to the onset of depression and more severe depressive symptoms; however, the specific mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep disorders in children and adolescents with depression and to explore further the role of sleep disorders in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity.MethodsA total of 285 children and adolescents with depression completed all scale assessments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Self-Reported Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A simple mediation model was used as a theoretical model to examine whether sleep disorders could mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity.ResultsAmong children and adolescents with depression, childhood trauma is about 78.9%. Compared with patients without childhood trauma, patients with childhood trauma had a higher incidence of sleep disorders (Z = 17.59, P &lt; 0.001), which were characterized by insomnia (Z = 14.45, P &lt; 0.001), not hypersomnia (Z = 2.77, P = 0.096). Different childhood trauma subtypes significantly affected sleep disorders and insomnia (all P &lt; 0.05). Insomnia partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity, and the mediating effect accounted for 35.90%.ConclusionThis study found a high rate of concurrent childhood trauma and insomnia among children and adolescents with depression. Insomnia, as a mediator between childhood trauma and depression severity, partially mediates the relationship.
Real-life cohort experience after implementing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for one year in northwest Spain
Authors: Pérez-González Alexandre , Represa Marta , Coll Pep , Potel Carmen , Rodríguez-Rivero Silvia , Flores Erene V. , Vázquez-Estévez Claudia , Ocampo Antonio , Pousada Guillermo , Poveda Eva 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has become a useful tool to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in key populations. In this article we assessed the effectiveness, safety, adherence, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) dynamics, and frequency of anal dysplasia among a real-life cohort of PrEP users in Northwest Spain.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken in the Alvaro-Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo which included every individual who started daily emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (FTC/TDF) between November-2019 and October-2021. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from the patient's medical records. The effectiveness and safety of FTC/TDF were assessed by HIV serology and renal function monitoring every 3 months. Anal, urethral, and oropharyngeal exudates were collected quarterly after the baseline visit.ResultsA total of 126 individuals were considered eligible, most of the participants had previously been diagnosed with a STI (60.3%), 22% had consumed recreational drugs in the year prior, and 13% had engaged in chemsex. At the end of the follow-up, no cases of HIV infection were detected; 3 patients had discontinued FTC/TDF because of side effects but none of them had presented renal toxicity. In addition, the diagnosis of STIs during the follow-up was common (100 cases in 54 patients). Moreover, engagement in chemsex was more common within this latter group (22 vs. 6%, p = 0.013). Among the study population included in the anal screening programme, the frequency of dysplasia was 9%.ConclusionsFTC/TDF was effective, safe, and tolerable in a real-life cohort; adherence remained high throughout the study period (79%). However, a high number of STIs were diagnosed, especially among patients who engaged in chemsex.
Oral health-related multiple outcomes of holistic health in elderly individuals: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Liu Fan , Song Siping , Ye Xin , Huang Shuqi , He Jing , Wang Guan , Hu Xiuying 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimsAlong with an aging population, exploring the impact of oral health on holistic health and determining exact outcomes in elderly individuals are important in both scientific research and clinical practice. Significant increase in the number of systematic reviews shows that oral health can directly or indirectly affect the overall health of elderly people physically, mentally and socially. To systematically collate, appraise, and synthesize the current evidence, we carried out an umbrella review of the impacts of oral health on holistic health in elderly individuals.MethodsA systematic reviews and meta-analyses search was performed in the major databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was referred to assess methodological quality, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group classification) was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome included in the umbrella review.ResultsOut of 1,067 records, a total of 35 systematic reviews were included. Respiratory diseases, malnutrition, age-related oral changes, frailty, cognitive impairment, depression and poor quality of life were identified as seven key outcomes that affect the physical, mental and social health of elderly individuals. Meanwhile, three intervention measures of oral health were summarized as (i) more rigorous and universal scales, (ii) dental cleaning and denture installation, and (iii) improving self-awareness regarding oral care.ConclusionsEvidence showed that oral health can significantly affect holistic health, and the diverse oral diseases directly lead to multiple health outcomes in elderly individuals. Clear high-quality evidence revealed that oral health is strongly associated with seven health outcomes covering physical, mental, and social levels, which directly corresponds to holistic health, and impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Such the results remind the importance of oral care in public health, and further studies need to be conducted to verity more specific association between oral health and other chronic diseases.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022315315.
Global, regional, and national years lived with disability due to blindness and vision loss from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Shasha , Ye Enlin , Huang Jiasheng , Wang Jia , Zhao Yumei , Niu Dongdong , Yue Suru , Huang Xueying , Liu Jie , Hou Xuefei , Wu Jiayuan 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of burden estimates and the secular trend of blindness and vision loss, as measured by years lived with disability (YLDs), at the global, regional, and national levels.MethodsThe age-standardized YLD rates (ASYRs) due to blindness and vision loss and its subtypes, including moderate vision loss, severe vision loss, blindness, and presbyopia, from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in the ASYRs due to blindness and vision loss.ResultsIn 2019, the global ASYRs per 100,000 population was 327.98 for blindness and vision loss, specifically, 85.81 for moderate vision loss, 74.86 for severe vision loss, 95.03 for blindness, and 62.27 for presbyopia. From 1990 to 2019, the ASYRs due to blindness and vision loss slightly decreased. Females showed higher ASYRs than males in 2019. The global highest ASYRs were observed in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Negative associations were found between the burden estimates of blindness and vision loss and the sociodemographic index levels. The EAPCs of ASYRs in blindness and vision loss were significantly negatively correlated with the ASYRs in 1990 and positively correlated with human development indices in 2019.ConclusionsGlobally, blindness and vision loss continue to cause great losses of healthy life. Reasonable resource allocation and health-service planning are needed for the prevention and early intervention of disabilities caused by vision loss.