bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Singlet Oxygen, Superoxide, Hydroxide, and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Photoelectrochemical Response of Phenols at a Supported Highly Fluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanine
Authors: Neven Liselotte , Barich Hanan , Pelmuş Marius , Gorun Sergiu M. , De Wael Karolien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing of phenolic compounds using singlet oxygen (1O2)‐generating photocatalysts has emerged as a powerful detection tool. However, it is currently not known how experimental parameters, such as pH and applied potential, influence the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their photocurrents. In this article, the PEC response was studied over the 6 to 10 pH range using a rotating (ring) disk (R(R)DE) set‐up in combination with quenchers, to identify the ROS formed upon illumination of a supported photosensitizer, F64PcZn. The photocurrents magnitude depended on the applied potential and the pH of the buffer solution. The anodic responses were caused by the oxidation of O2.−, generated due to the quenching of 1O2 with −OH and the reaction of 3O2 with [F64Pc(3‐)Zn]. The cathodic responses were assigned to the reduction of 1O2 and O2.−, yielding H2O2. These insights may benefit 1O2 – based PEC sensing applications.
Fast Reaction Limit with Nonmonotone Reaction Function
Authors: Perthame Benoît , Skrzeczkowski Jakub 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe analyse the fast reaction limit in the reaction‐diffusion system with nonmonotone reaction function and one nondiffusing component. As speed of reaction tends to infinity, the concentration of the nondiffusing component exhibits fast oscillations. We identify precisely its Young measure which, as a by‐product, proves strong convergence of the diffusing component, a result that is not obvious from a priori estimates. Our work is based on an analysis of regularization for forward‐backward parabolic equations by Plotnikov. We rewrite his ideas in terms of kinetic functions which clarifies the method, brings new insights, relaxes assumptions on model functions, and provides a weak formulation for the evolution of the Young measure. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Cellular Microbiaxial Stretching Assay for Measurement and Characterization of the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Micropatterned Cells
Authors: Rothermel Taylor M. , Cook Bernard L. , Alford Patrick W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCharacterizing the mechanical properties of single cells is important for developing descriptive models of tissue mechanics and improving the understanding of mechanically driven cell processes. Standard methods for measuring single‐cell mechanical properties typically provide isotropic mechanical descriptions. However, many cells exhibit specialized geometries in vivo, with anisotropic cytoskeletal architectures reflective of their function, and are exposed to dynamic multiaxial loads, raising the need for more complete descriptions of their anisotropic mechanical properties under complex deformations. Here, we describe the cellular microbiaxial stretching (CμBS) assay in which controlled deformations are applied to micropatterned cells while simultaneously measuring cell stress. CμBS utilizes a set of linear actuators to apply tensile or compressive, short‐ or long‐term deformations to cells micropatterned on a fluorescent bead‐doped polyacrylamide gel. Using traction force microscopy principles and the known geometry of the cell and the mechanical properties of the underlying gel, we calculate the stress within the cell to formulate stress‐strain curves that can be further used to create mechanical descriptions of the cells, such as strain energy density functions. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Assembly of CμBS stretching constructsBasic Protocol 2: Polymerization of micropatterned, bead‐doped polyacrylamide gel on an elastomer membraneSupport Protocol: Cell culture and seeding onto CμBS constructsBasic Protocol 3: Implementing CμBS stretching protocols and traction force microscopyBasic Protocol 4: Data analysis and cell stress measurements
SOLPS‐ITER EU‐DEMO modelling with drifts and kinetic neutrals
Authors: Vekshina Elena , Korzueva Veronika , Rozhansky Vladimir , Senichenkov Ilya , Kaveeva Elizaveta , Veselova Irina , Coster David , Subba Fabio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe edge transport modelling of EU‐DEMO burning plasma is performed by SOLPS‐ITER transport code with kinetic neutrals and full drifts and currents switched on. The efficiency of Ar and Ne as a divertor radiant is compared for such a condition. It is found from simulations that both Ar and Ne are suitable to reduce the target heat loads below , and to achieve similar profiles at the OMP and along targets, however, Ne seeding rate should be 4.5 times bigger than that of Ar. Analysis of impurity transport results in that Ar is better compressed in divertor than Ne. With both radiants up to 70% of power flux to the computational domain is irradiated, core does not exceed 2.5, core radiation is negligible (less than 8.5% of income power), neutral deuterium pressure in the private flux region is 20 Pa. However, the electron temperature along targets does not reduce below 15 eV in the far scrape‐off layer, which may cause high level of tungsten sputtering.
Blood metabolites predicting mild cognitive impairment in the study of Latinos‐investigation of neurocognitive aging (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: He Shan , Granot‐Hershkovitz Einat , Zhang Ying , Bressler Jan , Tarraf Wassim , Yu Bing , Huang Tianyi , Zeng Donglin , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Lamar Melissa , Daviglus Martha , Marquine Maria J. , Cai Jianwen , Mosley Thomas , Kaplan Robert , Boerwinkle Eric , Fornage Myriam , DeCarli Charles , Kristal Bruce , Gonzalez Hector M. , Sofer Tamar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionBlood metabolomics‐based biomarkers may be useful to predict measures of neurocognitive aging.MethodsWe tested the association between 707 blood metabolites measured in 1451 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and global cognitive change assessed 7 years later. We further used Lasso penalized regression to construct a metabolomics risk score (MRS) that predicts MCI, potentially identifying a different set of metabolites than those discovered in individual‐metabolite analysis.ResultsWe identified 20 metabolites predicting prevalent MCI and/or global cognitive change. Six of them were novel and 14 were previously reported as associated with neurocognitive aging outcomes. The MCI MRS comprised 61 metabolites and improved prediction accuracy from 84% (minimally adjusted model) to 89% in the entire dataset and from 75% to 87% among apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers.DiscussionBlood metabolites may serve as biomarkers identifying individuals at risk for MCI among US Hispanics/Latinos.
A case for beta regression in the natural sciences
Authors: Geissinger Emilie A. , Khoo Celyn L. L. , Richmond Isabella C. , Faulkner Sally J. M. , Schneider David C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractData in the natural sciences are often in the form of percentages or proportions that are continuous and bounded by 0 and 1. Statistical analysis assuming a normal error structure can produce biased and incorrect estimates when data are doubly bounded. Beta regression uses an error structure appropriate for such data. We conducted a literature review of percent and proportion data from 2004 to 2020 to determine the types of analyses used for (0, 1) bounded data. Our literature review showed that before 2012, angular transformations accounted for 93% of analyses of proportion or percent data. After 2012, angular transformation accounted for 52% of analyses and beta regression accounted for 14% of analyses. We compared a linear model with angular transformation with beta regression using data from two fields of the natural sciences that produce continuous, bounded data: biogeochemistry and ecological elemental composition. We found little difference in model diagnostics, likelihood ratios, andp‐values between the two models. However, we found substantially different coefficient estimates from the back‐calculated beta regression and angular transformation models. Beta regression provides reliable parameter estimates in natural science studies where effect sizes are considered as important as hypothesis testing.
Eliciting risk preferences that predict risky health behavior: A comparison of two approaches
Authors: Yang Murong , Roope Laurence S. J. , Buchanan James , Attema Arthur E. , Clarke Philip M. , Walker A. Sarah , Wordsworth Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInformation on attitudes to risk could increase understanding of and explain risky health behaviors. We investigate two approaches to eliciting risk preferences in the health domain, a novel “indirect” lottery elicitation approach with health states as outcomes and a “direct” approach where respondents are asked directly about their willingness to take risks. We compare the ability of the two approaches to predict health‐related risky behaviors in a general adult population. We also investigate a potential framing effect in the indirect lottery elicitation approach. We find that risk preferences elicited using the direct approach can better predict health‐related risky behavior than those elicited using the indirect approach. Moreover, a seemingly innocuous change to the framing of the lottery question results in significantly different risk preference estimates, and conflicting conclusions about the ability of the indicators to predict risky health behaviors.
Towards a national strategy for the provision of spiritual care during major health disasters: A qualitative study
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena , Lazzarino Runa , Koulouglioti Christina , Ali Sheila , Wright Steve 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpirituality is beneficial to health. Evidence around the benefits of Spiritual care (SC) is advancing, and training is becoming part of healthcare professional development. As the COVID‐19 crisis showed, during major health disasters (MHDs), the demand for SC grows exponentially, while the burden of care and focus on preserving life often hamper its provision. Nonetheless, existing health emergency strategic frameworks lack preparedness for the provision of SC.AimThe aim of this study was to identify the components for a National Strategy (NS) for the provision of SC during MHDs.MethodsDescriptive, cross‐sectional, qualitative phenomenological design based on individual, semi‐structured e‐interviews with nursing managers and National Health Service/volunteer chaplains based in England. Thematic analysis of 25 e‐interview data was performed based on a dialogic collaborative process.Results and DiscussionEleven themes were identified as components of the proposed NS. From these components, specific recommendations for practical actions are provided. An integrated framework approach and smart investments in resources, staff training and technologies should be led by the paradigm of culturally competent and compassionate care.ConclusionThe need to have strategic frameworks, both national and local, that better equip a country healthcare sector to prevent, face, and recover from MHDs is paramount. Catering for the spiritual needs of the affected population should be a key aspect of any health emergency strategy to ensure the preservation of quality care.
Idiographic patient reported outcome measures (I‐PROMs) for routine outcome monitoring in psychological therapies: Position paper
Authors: Sales Célia M. D. , Ashworth Mark , Ayis Salma , Barkham Michael , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian , Faísca Luís , Jacob Jenna , Xu Dan , Cooper Mick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdiographic patient‐reported outcome measures (I‐PROMs) are a growing set of individualized tools for use in routine outcome monitoring (ROM) in psychological therapies. This paper presents a position statement on their conceptualization, use, and analysis, based on contemporary evidence and clinical practice. Four problem‐based, and seven goal‐based, I‐PROMs, with some evidence of psychometric evaluation and use in psychotherapy, were identified. I‐PROMs may be particularly valuable to the evaluation of psychological therapies because of their clinical utility and their alignment with a patient‐centered approach. However, there are several challenges for I‐PROMs: how to generate items in a robust manner, their measurement model, methods for establishing their reliability and validity, and the meaning of an aggregated I‐PROM score. Based on the current state of the literature, we recommend that I‐PROMs are used to complement nomothetic measures. Research recommendations are also made regarding the most appropriate methods for analyzing I‐PROM data.
Effect of rare earth element Y(III) on short‐term denitrification performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidized granular sludge
Authors: Wan Kai , Yu Ye , Xiao Chunqiao , Hu Jinggang , Liu Xuemei , Deng Xiangyi , Chi Ruan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ammonia‐nitrogen wastewater generated during rare‐earth mining poses a serious hazard to the environment around the mine. This type of wastewater is difficult to treat using conventional biological methods due to its low carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) has become the first choice for treating rare earth mine wastewater. However, the effect of rare earth elements (REEs) in wastewater on anammox bacteria has been insufficiently studied, and this limits the application of this process. Yttrium is a rare earth element present in wastewater, and the study of its effect on anammox can help in the application of this process in rare earth mine wastewater.RESULTSThe effect of Y(III) on anammox granular sludge was studied using batch experiments. Anammox activity decreased with increasing Y(III) concentration, from 64.78 ± 0.28 to 17.15 ± 2.70 mg g−1 VSS day−1. The semi‐inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Y(III) for anammox activity was 30.36 mg L−1. Y (III) exhibited low promotion and high inhibition of anammox bacterial extracellular polymer secretion (EPS). Comparing the kinetic models, the Loung model is better suited for describing the kinetic equation of substrate concentration on anammox.CONCLUSIONThe acute toxicity of Y(III) to anaerobic sludge is influenced by the substrate and Y (III) concentrations. EPS‐based defence strategies play an important role in counteracting the toxicity of Y(III). The Edwards model fits the experimental data well and is suitable for predicting the inhibition of anammox activity by the substrate concentration. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessment of learning outcomes of first year dental students using an interactive Nearpod educational platform
Authors: Messina Denise M. , Mikhail Sarah S. , Messina Matthew J. , Novopoltseva Irina A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe impact of COVID‐19 required revisions in curricula, especially among professional programs that have traditionally required hands‐on learning of content. This study endeavored to assess the level of effectiveness of the online presentation of material both qualitatively and quantitatively in a 5‐week module on cariology for first‐year dental students. Quantitative analysis of the assessment data was required to determine if an interactive engagement platform increased student outcomes. Quantitative survey and qualitative student comments were analyzed to determine the students’ preferences for supplemental learning opportunities and utilization trends. The purpose of this study was to measure the learning outcomes of online course delivery with the use of an interactive education platform.MethodsThe dental class of 2023 received the cariology material in a live, in‐person lecture format. The class of 2024 received the same material in a combination of synchronous Zoom lectures and asynchronous interactive presentations utilizing the interactive education platform (Nearpod). The identical midterm examination on cariology was administered to both cohorts at the completion of the 5‐week module.ResultsQuantitatively, the class of 2024 had a significantly higher mean score than the class of 2023 on the midterm examination, collectively and in both female and male cohorts. Qualitatively, the dental students overwhelmingly expressed support for the ease of use and educational value of the Nearpod platform.ConclusionsThis study found that student performance on the identical exam was improved through the use of synchronous Zoom lectures and asynchronous Nearpod review sessions. The application of technology to enhance remote learning can be effective in supporting student mastery of core concepts in dental education.
Ultrastructural changes of donor livers in liver transplantation indicate hepatocytes injury
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Lin Xiaohong , Chen Chuanbao , Liao Yuan , Han Min , He Xiaoshun , Ju Weiqiang , Chen Maogen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of electron microscopy (EM) can provide details about cells and tissue down to the nanometer level. We aim to observe ultrastructural changes in the donor liver by EM and analyze the relationship with prognosis. Data from 89 liver transplant recipients were collected and analyzed for recovery of graft function. The results revealed significantly higher organelle injury scores in the primary liver graft nonfunction (PNF) group. High‐score group had higher peak alanine aminotransferases, peak aspartate aminotransferases, and peak international normalized ratio (p = .041, .006 and .036, respectively). Warm ischemia time, score of rough endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus was larger in low‐score group (p = .007, .006, and .025, respectively). Patients in high‐score group had a significantly short survival time (60.0% vs. 92.9%, p = .0039). No significant difference was found in the analysis of 3‐year survival rate (60% vs. 84.5%, p = .07). EM is one of feasible and effective strategy for evaluating the quality of donor liver and the patient's prognosis. Ultrastructural changes under EM indicate hepatocytes injury and a high score indicates a worse outcome in early period but does not affect long‐term survival.Research highlightsWe showed that ultrastructural changes in the donor liver by electron microscopy indicate hepatocytes injury and could be a reference for prognosis. A high score indicates a worse outcome in early period but does not affect long‐term survival. It is rare in the current researches.
Neural alterations in working memory of mild‐moderate TBI: An fMRI study in Malaysia
Authors: Chai Wen Jia , Abd Hamid Aini Ismafairus , Omar Hazim , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Riddha , Fitzrol Diana Noma , Idris Zamzuri , Ghani Abdul Rahman Izaini , Wan Mohamad Wan Nor Azlen , Mustafar Faiz , Hanafi Muhammad Hafiz , Kandasamy Regunath , Abdullah Mohd Zaid , Amaruchkul Kannapha , Valdes‐Sosa Pedro A , Bringas‐Vega Maria L , Biswal Bharat , Songsiri Jitkomut , Yaacob Hamwira , Ibrahim Haidi , Sumari Putra , Noh Nor Azila , Musa Kamarul Imran , Ahmad Asma Hayati , Azman Azlinda , Jamir Singh Paramjit Singh , Othman Azizah , Abdullah Jafri Malin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWorking memory (WM) encompasses crucial cognitive processes or abilities to retain and manipulate temporary information for immediate execution of complex cognitive tasks in daily functioning such as reasoning and decision‐making. The WM of individuals sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI) was commonly compromised, especially in the domain of WM. The current study investigated the brain responses of WM in a group of participants with mild–moderate TBI compared to their healthy counterparts employing functional magnetic resonance imaging. All consented participants (healthy: n = 26 and TBI: n = 15) performed two variations of the n‐back WM task with four load conditions (0‐, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐back). The respective within‐group effects showed a right hemisphere‐dominance activation and slower reaction in performance for the TBI group. Random‐effects analysis revealed activation difference between the two groups in the right occipital lobe in the guided n‐back with cues, and in the bilateral occipital lobe, superior parietal region, and cingulate cortices in the n‐back without cues. The left middle frontal gyrus was implicated in the load‐dependent processing of WM in both groups. Further group analysis identified that the notable activation changes in the frontal gyri and anterior cingulate cortex are according to low and high loads. Though relatively smaller in scale, this study was eminent as it clarified the neural alterations in WM in the mild–moderate TBI group compared to healthy controls. It confirmed the robustness of the phenomenon in TBI with the reproducibility of the results in a heterogeneous non‐Western sample.
Oral Zoledronic acid bisphosphonate for the treatment of chronic low back pain with associated Modic changes: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shea Graham K. H. , Zhang Changmeng , Suen Wai S. , Cheung Prudence W. H. , Cheung Jason P. Y. , Maatta Juhani , Karppinen Jaro , Samartzis Dino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo assess the safety and efficacy of oral 50 mg Zoledronic acid (ZA) bisphosphate once‐a‐week for 6‐weeks to placebo among patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) and Modic changes (MC) on MRI. A parallel, double‐blinded randomized controlled study was performed at a single center, consisted of 25 subjects with cLBP and MC that received ZA (n = 13) or placebo (n = 12). Evaluation was at baseline, 2‐weeks, 4‐weeks, 3‐months and 6‐months for assessment of LBP/leg pain intensity, disability (Oswestry‐Disability‐Index: ODI), health‐related quality‐of‐life (RAND‐36), and mental component summary scores (MCS). Type 2 MC at baseline (56%) were prevalent. In the ZA group, LBP intensity was lower at 4‐weeks in comparison to placebo (5.1 ± 1.9 vs. 6.9 ± 1.8, p = 0.038) (minimal clinically important difference [MCID] = 1.5). LBP intensity reduced at 4‐weeks and 3‐months in the ZA‐treated group in comparison to baseline. Although there was no difference in ODI, subscale RAND‐36 metrics for physical function (p = 0.038), energy/fatigue (p = 0.040) and pain (p = 0.003) were improved at 3‐months compared to placebo, with moderate significant difference for pain at 6‐months (p = 0.051). Correlated MCS scores to baseline also improved at 3‐months (p = 0.035) and 6‐months (p = 0.028) by 6.9 and 6.8, respectively, (MCID = 3.8). A reduction in MC endplate affected area at 6‐month follow‐up was noted in the ZA group (−0.67 ± 0.69 cm2), while in the placebo group no change in size was observed (0.0 ± 0.15; p = 0.041). Three subjects withdrew from the study and no long‐lasting adverse events. Oral ZA was a safe and effective treatment that reduced MC volume, improved LBP symptoms and quality‐of‐life measures in cLBP subjects with MCs.