bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell transcriptomics of the ventral posterolateral nucleus-enriched thalamic regions from HSV-1-infected mice reveal a novel microglia/microglia-like transcriptional response
Authors: Uyar Olus , Dominguez Juan Manuel , Bordeleau Maude , Lapeyre Lina , Ibáñez Fernando González , Vallières Luc , Tremblay Marie-Eve , Corbeil Jacques , Boivin Guy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Microglia participate in the immune response upon central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, the role of these cells during herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) has not been fully characterized. We sought to identify different microglia/microglia-like cells and describe the potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved during HSE.

Methods
The transcriptional response of CD11b+ immune cells, including microglia/microglia-like cells, was investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)-enriched thalamic regions of C57BL/6 N mice intranasally infected with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) (6 × 105 PFUs/20 µl). We further performed scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis in VPL regions on day 6 post-infection (p.i.) to provide insight into microglial functions.

Results
We describe a novel microglia-like transcriptional response associated with a rare cell population (7% of all analyzed cells), named “in transition” microglia/microglia-like cells in HSE. This new microglia-like transcriptional signature, found in the highly infected thalamic regions, was enriched in specific genes (Retnlg, Cxcr2, Il1f9) usually associated with neutrophils. Pathway analysis of this cell-type transcriptome showed increased NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated interleukin IL-1β production, promoting a pro-inflammatory response. These cells' increased expression of viral transcripts suggests that the distinct “in transition” transcriptome corresponds to the intrinsic antiviral immune signaling of HSV-1-infected microglia/microglia-like cells in the thalamus. In accordance with this phenotype, we observed several TMEM119+/IBA-I+ microglia/microglia-like cells immunostained for HSV-1 in highly infected regions.

Conclusions
A new microglia/microglia-like state may potentially shed light on how microglia could react to HSV-1 infection. Our observations suggest that infected microglia/microglia-like cells contribute to an exacerbated CNS inflammation. Further characterization of this transitory state of the microglia/microglia-like cell transcriptome may allow the development of novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve HSE outcomes by regulating the microglial immune response.
Huashan perioperative nursing program for stroke patients undergoing contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer
Authors: Su Fan , Xu Ye , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhou Yiqun , Xu Wendong , Zhang Yaojin , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
A previous investigation regarding contralateral seventh cervical nerve transfer (CC7) revealed a novel and effective approach to improve arm function in patients with chronic spastic paralysis. The patients who underwent both CC7 and standard rehabilitation showed greater functional improvements and spasticity reductions than patients in the control group, who underwent rehabilitation only. Additional efforts are needed to maximize the benefits in patients and establishing a supporting nursing program is a promising method for achieving this goal.

Methods
The present Huashan nursing program was established in consideration of the following elements: providing routine perioperative care, ensuring surgical safety, and improving patient cooperation. Before surgery, psychiatric nursing, health education, and risk control were emphasized. After surgery, in addition to routine nursing and positioning, special attention was needed for targeted nursing in cases of postoperative adverse events. In addition, we performed descriptive statistical analysis of the clinical data of patients participating in the Huashan nursing program, focusing on postoperative adverse events. In total, 85 patients were included in the study, 10 of whom experienced adverse events, including severe pain (5, 5.88%), neck hematoma (2, 2.35%), dyspnea (2, 2.35%), and hoarseness (1, 1.18%). The above adverse events were alleviated through the targeted nursing care guided by the Huashan program.

Discussion
This article introduces the Huashan nursing program, which is based on preoperative evaluations, educational sessions, postoperative monitoring, and targeted nursing, for patients undergoing CC7. This nursing program helped promote and provided the opportunity to maximize the benefits of CC7.
Environmental factors in offspring of parents with mood disorders and their role in parent–child transmission: findings from a 14-year prospective high-risk study
Authors: Moulin Flore , Gholam Mehdi , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Castelao Enrique , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Stapp Emma K. , Marquet Pierre , Aubry Jean-Michel , Plessen Kerstin J. , Di Giacomo Francesca , Glaus Jennifer , Pistis Giorgio , Lavigne Benjamin , Elowe Julien , Ranjbar Setareh , Preisig Martin , Vandeleur Caroline L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The factors involved in the transmission of mood disorders are only partially elucidated. Aside from genes, the family environment might play a crucial role in parent–child transmission. Our goals were to (1) assess the associations of parental bipolar disorder (BPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with individual or shared family environmental factors, including traumatic events in offspring, parental separation, family cohesion and parental attitudes; and 2) test whether these factors were mediators of the association between exposure to parental mood disorders and the onset of these disorders in offspring.

Methods
The sample stems from an ongoing family high-risk study of mood disorders conducted in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Given the strong impact of the age of onset of parental disorders on their transmission to children, parental disorders were dichotomized according to the onset (cut-off 21 years). Probands with early-onset (n = 30) and later-onset BPD (n = 51), early-onset (n = 21) and later-onset MDD (n = 47) and controls (n = 65), along with their spouses (n = 193) and offspring (n = 388; < 18 years on study inclusion), were assessed over a mean follow-up duration of 14 years (s.d: 4.6). The environmental measures were based on reports by offspring collected before the onset of their first mood episode.

Results
Offspring of probands with later-onset BPD and offspring of probands with both early-onset and later-onset MDD reported traumatic events more frequently than comparison offspring, whereas exposure to parental separation was more frequent in all groups of high-risk offspring. Moreover, several familial environment scores including parenting attitudes differed between offspring of probands with BPD and comparison offspring. However, none of these factors were mediators of the parent–child transmission of BPD. Among the environmental factors, traumatic events were shown to be modest mediators of the transmission of early-onset MDD.

Conclusions
Our data do not support the implication of the assessed environmental factors in the parent–child transmission of BPD. In contrast to BPD, traumatic events partially mediate the parent–child transmission of early-onset MDD, which has important implications for intervention and prevention. Early therapeutic efforts in offspring exposed to these events are likely to reduce their deleterious impact on the risk of subsequent MDD.
Tree and shrub recruitment under environmental disturbances in temperate forests in the south of Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez Erick , Trejo Irma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecruitment after disturbance events depends on many factors including the environmental conditions of the affected area and the vegetation that could potentially grow in such affected areas. To understand the regeneration characteristics that occurs in temperate forests, we evaluated differences in the number of seedlings from trees and shrubs along an altitudinal gradient in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico in different biological, climatic, edaphic, light, topographic, and disturbance regimes. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the environmental disturbances influence on recruitment (positive or adverse influence). We sampled the vegetation to obtain recruitment and adult data, and species composition.ResultsWe identified three disturbance regimes: areas affected by forest harvesting, areas exposed to pest management, and undisturbed areas. We identified 29 species of trees and shrubs (9 species of the genusPinus, 1 species of the genusAbies, 10 species of the genusQuercus,and 9 of other species of broadleaf). We found that both environmental conditions and disturbances influence the recruitment of vegetation in the study area. In particular, disturbances had a positive influence on the regeneration of oak and other broadleaf species by increasing the number of seedlings, and a negative influence on the regeneration of conifers by decreasing the recruitment. Because the recruitment of conifers is more likely in undisturbed areas (sites over 3050 m).ConclusionsEnvironmental factors and anthropogenic disturbances can alter the recruitment of forests. Consequently, knowing which factors are key for the recruitment of vegetation is fundamental for decision-making processes. This is particularly relevant in areas as the one in this study because it provides knowledge to local people on vegetation recovery for a proper management of their biological resources.
Community pharmacy professionals’ practice in responding to minor symptoms experienced by pregnant women in Ethiopia: results from sequential mixed methods
Authors: Ayele Asnakew Achaw , Islam Md Shahidul , Cosh Suzanne , East Leah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In countries with limited access to healthcare services, community pharmacists’ management of minor symptoms experienced by pregnant women could be beneficial in terms of alleviating the burden of other health professionals and cost of services. However, evidence is limited regarding the practice of community pharmacy professionals in responding to minor pregnancy-related symptoms more generally, particularly in Ethiopia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate actual and self-reported practice of community pharmacists in the management of minor symptoms during pregnancy in Ethiopia.

Methods
A sequential mixed method study using self-reported survey from 238 community pharmacists followed by 66 simulated client visits was conducted from March to July 2020 in six towns of the Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance was used to test the mean difference of practice score among subgroups of study participants.

Results
The self-reported survey showed that most community pharmacist would ‘always’ gather most symptom-related information particularly about ‘duration of symptoms,’ ‘frequency of symptoms,’ and ‘gestational age’ and provide medication-related information on ‘how to use the medication’ and ‘duration of use.’ The highest mean practice scores were observed in relation to information gathering about ‘gestational age’ and information provision on ‘how to use the medication.’ In contrast, the lowest mean practice scores were observed in relation to information gathering about ‘weight of the woman’ and information provision on ‘dosage form.’
However, the actual practice, as revealed by the simulated client visits, demonstrated that most community pharmacists would rarely gather symptom-related information nor provide medication-related information. In addition, dispensing of non-prescribed medications to pregnant women was also common. The extent of self-reported practice differed among subgroups of study participants.

Conclusions
This study highlights extent of practice of community pharmacy professionals during the management of minor symptoms in pregnancy in Ethiopia. Discrepancies of results between self-reported and actual practices of community pharmacy professionals were observed. The inadequate actual practice of symptom-related information gathering and medication-related information provisions needs considerations of implementing interventions to minimize potential harms.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease developed after pancreatoduodenectomy for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in a 10-year-old girl: a case report
Authors: Sawai Toshio , Zuo Shogo , Terai Taichi , Nishiwada Satoshi , Nakagawa Kenji , Nagai Minako , Akahori Takehiro , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Sho Masayuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas are rare. Moreover, pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and postoperative care are not common in pediatric surgery. Herein, we report a case of PD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after PD and present a literature review.

Case presentation
A 10-year-old girl with a suspected liver tumor was referred to our hospital. Echography, enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor coexisted with the solid and cystic parts of the pancreatic head. Since the patient was a young woman and the imaging findings were consistent with that of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs), we diagnosed her with pancreatic SPN. Thereafter, PD was performed, and she was discharged 10 days after the operation. Although her postoperative course was mostly uneventful, she experienced few episodes of abdominal pain and diarrhea before hospital discharge. These symptoms subsequently became more frequent and severe. The patient was urgently readmitted to the hospital for watery steatorrhea and lower abdominal colic pain. Her serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated, and a fatty liver was detected on echography. The patient was diagnosed with steatorrhea, peristaltic pain, and NAFLD after PD. Pancrelipase (containing pancreatic digestive enzymes), antidiarrheal agents, and probiotics were started. Dosage increase of these drugs reduced the defecation frequency and abdominal pain and switched diarrhea to loose stools. However, more lipids in meals or more meals caused diarrhea and abdominal pain. Therefore, the doses of these drugs were further increased, and another antidiarrheal agent, loperamide hydrochloride, was added. Exocrine pancreatic enzymes supplementation and careful follow-up should prevent NAFLD progression after PD. At present, the patient has occasional abdominal pain, but has tangible soft stools once or twice a day. Although echography still shows a mottled fatty liver, her hepatic enzymes are only mildly elevated.

Conclusions
Pediatric PD is rare, and residual pancreatic function is usually sufficient, unlike in adult cases. However, we experienced a case of NAFLD after PD for a pediatric pancreatic SPN, in which pancreatic enzyme supplementation effectively improved this condition. Further attention must be paid to worsening of NAFLD that can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Can news-based economic sentiment predict bubbles in precious metal markets?
Authors: Maghyereh Aktham , Abdoh Hussein 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines the role of market sentiment in predicting the price bubbles of four strategic metal commodities (gold, silver, palladium, and platinum) from January 1985 to August 2020. It is the first to investigate this topic using sentiment indices, including news-based economic and consumer-based sentiments developed using different methods. We observed the role of sentiment as a reliable indicator of future bubbles for some metal commodities and found that bubbles were regularly concomitant with bearish sentiments for gold and platinum. Moreover, gold and palladium were the only commodities that experienced a bubble during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, our findings suggest inclusion of sentiment to the model that predicts the price bubbles of precious metals.
A robust, autonomous, volumetric quality assurance method for 3D printed porous scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Nicholas , Singh Srujan , Liu Stephen , Zbijewski Wojciech , Grayson Warren L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBone tissue engineering strategies aimed at treating critical-sized craniofacial defects often utilize novel biomaterials and scaffolding. Rapid manufacturing of defect-matching geometries using 3D-printing strategies is a promising strategy to treat craniofacial bone loss to improve aesthetic and regenerative outcomes. To validate manufacturing quality, a robust, three-dimensional quality assurance pipeline is needed to provide an objective, quantitative metric of print quality if porous scaffolds are to be translated from laboratory to clinical settings. Previously published methods of assessing scaffold print quality utilized one- and two-dimensional measurements (e.g., strut widths, pore widths, and pore area) or, in some cases, the print quality of a single phantom is assumed to be representative of the quality of all subsequent prints. More robust volume correlation between anatomic shapes has been accomplished; however, it requires manual user correction in challenging cases such as porous objects like bone scaffolds. Here, we designed porous, anatomically-shaped scaffolds with homogenous or heterogenous porous structures. We 3D-printed the designs with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to obtain 3D image reconstructions. We applied the iterative closest point algorithm to superimpose the computational scaffold designs with the CBCT images to obtain a 3D volumetric overlap. In order to avoid false convergences while using an autonomous workflow for volumetric correlation, we developed an independent iterative closest point (I-ICP10) algorithm using MATLAB®, which applied ten initial conditions for the spatial orientation of the CBCT images relative to the original design. Following successful correlation, scaffold quality can be quantified and visualized on a sub-voxel scale for any part of the volume.
Adaptive relay co-ordination using a busbar splitting approach for a system integrity protection scheme
Authors: Saikrishna Rajesh , Rajalwal Nilesh Kumar , Ghosh Debomita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPower system faults can often result in excessively high currents. If sustained for a long time, such high currents can damage system equipment. Thus, it is desirable to operate the relays in the minimum possible time. In this paper, a busbar splitting approach is used for adaptive relay setting and co-ordination purposes for a system integrity protection scheme (SIPS). Whenever a fault occurs, the busbar splitting scheme splits a bus to convert a loop into a radial structure. The splitting schemes are chosen such that the net fault current is also reduced. Busbar splitting eliminates the dependency upon minimum breakpoints set (MBPS) and reduces the relay operating time, thus making it adaptive. The proposed methodology is incorporated into the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems with single and multiple fault conditions. The modeling and simulation carried out in ETAP, and the results of the proposed busbar splitting-based relay co-ordination are compared with the MBPS splitting-based relay co-ordination.
Racial and Ethnical Diversity Within the Neurosurgery Resident and Faculty Workforce in the United States
Authors: Asfaw Zerubabbel K. , Soto Elizabeth , Yaeger Kurt , Feng Rui , Carrasquilla Alejandro , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Tabani Halima , Berkalieva Asem , Mazumdar Madhu , McNeill Ian T. , Germano Isabelle M. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Promoting workplace diversity leads to a variety of benefits related to a broader range of perspectives and insights. Underrepresented in medicine (URiM), including African Americans, Latinx, and Natives (Americans/Alaskan/Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders), are currently accounting for approximately 40% of the US population.

OBJECTIVE:
To establish a snapshot of current URiM representation within academic neurosurgery (NS) programs and trends within NS residency.

METHODS:
All 115 NS residencies and academic programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in 2020 were included in this study. The National Residency Matching Program database was reviewed from 2011 to 2020 to analyze URiM representation trends over time within the NS resident workforce. The academic rank, academic and clinical title(s), subspecialty, sex, and race of URiM NS faculty (NSF) were obtained from publicly available data.

RESULTS:
The Black and Latinx NS resident workforce currently accounts for 4.8% and 5.8% of the total workforce, respectively. URiM NSF are present in 71% of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited NS programs and account for 8% (148 of 1776) of the workforce. Black and Latinx women comprise 10% of URiM NSF. Latinx NSFs are the majority within the URiM cohort for both men and women. URiM comprise 5% of all department chairs. All are men. Spine (26%), tumor (26%), and trauma (17%) were the top 3 subspecialties among URiM NSF.

CONCLUSION:
NS has evolved, expanded, and diversified in numerous directions, including race and gender representation. Our data show that ample opportunities remain to improve URiM representation within NS.
Kickstand Rod With Asymmetric Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Treatment of Adult Kyphoscoliosis With Severe Coronal Imbalance
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Maloney Patrick R. , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
The kickstand rod has been described for the treatment of severe coronal imbalance. We present a modified description that combines an asymmetric pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for correction of severe kyphoscoliosis.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the use of a temporary kickstand rod.

METHODS:
Type 1 osteotomies were performed across the main and fractional curves. An asymmetric PSO was performed at the apex of the main curve, and a kickstand rod placed on the concavity anchored from the ilium to a temporary connector above the main curve. Distraction was applied across the kickstand rod because the PSO was closed on the convexity. A permanent rod was placed contralateral to the kickstand, followed by replacement of the kickstand with a permanent rod and bilateral accessory rods.

RESULTS:
A 66-year-old man presented with kyphoscoliosis causing severe coronal and sagittal imbalance. He underwent L4-S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion followed by T4-pelvis instrumented fusion the following day. Type 1 osteotomies were performed from T6-T12 to L3-S1 and an asymmetric PSO at L2. A temporary kickstand rod was used to distract across the concavity because the PSO was closed on the convexity. The patient achieved excellent clinical and radiographical results.

CONCLUSION:
When used in conjunction with appropriate osteotomies, the kickstand rod can aid in correction of severe coronal imbalance. Use of a temporary kickstand rod is technically easier and allows for correction of the main and fractional curves when used with an asymmetric PSO.