bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FLUID COMPOSITION ON HEMOSTASIS IN MOUSE BLEEDING MODELS
Authors: Alsaadi Nijmeh , Hassoune Adnan , Haldeman Shannon , Williamson Kelly M. , Plautz William , Hoteit Lara , Alvikas Jurgis , Andraska Elizabeth A. , Srinivasan Amudan J. , Bonaroti Jillian , Seshadri Anupamaa , Mota-Alvidrez Roberto , Scott Melanie J. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. , Neal Matthew D. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Intraoperative irrigation, usually with normal saline (NS), aids in bleeding identification and management. We investigated the effect of different irrigation fluids, with additives, on hemostasis using two bleeding models. Methods: C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to a tail bleed model or uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage via liver laceration followed by abdominal cavity irrigation. We compared NS, lactated Ringer's (LR), and PlasmaLyte. We examined NS and LR at different temperatures. Normal saline or LR with calcium (Ca2+) or tranexamic acid (TXA) was studied. Results: Compared with room temperature (RT), increasing the temperature of the irrigation fluid to 37°C and 42°C reduced tail vein bleeding times substantially in both NS and LR (all P < 0.001), with no significant differences between the two fluids. At RT, LR, but not PlasmaLyte, substantially reduced bleeding times in comparison to NS (P < 0.0001). Liver injury blood loss was lower with LR (P < 0.01). Normal saline supplemented with 2.7 mEq/L of Ca2+ decreased bleeding time and blood loss volume (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) to similar levels as LR. Normal saline with 150 mg/mL of TXA markedly reduced bleeding time (P < 0.0001), and NS with 62.5 mg/mL TXA decreased blood loss (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Whereas Ca2+- and TXA-supplemented NS reduced bleeding, LR remained superior to all irrigation fluid compositions. As LR contains Ca2+, and Ca2+-supplemented NS mirrored LR in response, Ca2+ presence in the irrigation fluid seems key to improving solution's hemostatic ability. Because warming the fluids normalized the choice of agents, the data also suggest that Ca2+-containing fluids such as LR may be more suitable for hemostasis when used at RT.
PEPFAR Spending Types and Reduction in HIV Infection Rates
Authors: Walker Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince 2004, PEPFAR has invested over $100 billion in fighting HIV, primarily targeting sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the effectiveness of spending types as defined by the program. In this study, I take the spending data published by PEPFAR that was categorized into key focus areas that include (1) Care & Treatment, (2) Testing, (3) Prevention, (4) Socioeconomic, and (5) Above-site, Program Management and Other, and estimate the effectiveness of these categories on a key outcome variable: new HIV infections. I also estimate the same regressions along two dimensions: (1) pre and post PEPFAR 2.0 that was implemented in 2014, and (2) the 12 sub-Saharan focus countries versus the non-sub-Saharan countries. Data was collected from public sources including PEPFAR, the GHO, and the World Bank and a total of $61.5 billion in spending was identified from 2005-2021 covering 54 target countries.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The marginal dollar spent on prevention activities experienced the highest incremental effect of reducing new HIV infections in targeted countries from 2005-2021. The coefficient on Prevention spending was -0.715 (t-stat of -2.83), which was highly significant at the 1 percent level. However, much of this effect was driven by pre-2014 spending before PEPFAR 2.0 was implemented. Post 2014, socioeconomic programs were measured to have the greatest marginal effect driven by non-sub-Saharan countries. Overall effectiveness of spending increased post PEPFAR 2.0 for non-Sub-Saharan countries but declined for sub-Saharan countries.
Health care workers’ internal bias toward men as HIV clients in Malawi and Mozambique: A qualitative study
Authors: Dovel Kathryn , Paneno Rose , Balakasi Kelvin , Hubbard Julie , Magaço Amílcar , Phiri Khumbo , Coates Thomas , Cornell Morna 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMen are underrepresented in HIV services throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Little is known about health care worker (HCW) perceptions of men as clients, which may directly affect the quality of care provided, and HCWs’ buy-in for male-specific interventions.MethodsFocus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in 2016 with HCWs from 15 facilities across Malawi and Mozambique, and were originally conducted to evaluate barriers to universal treatment (not gender or internal bias). FGDs were conducted in local languages, recorded, translated to English, and transcribed. For this study, we focused on HCW perceptions of men as HIV clients, using inductive and deductive coding in Atlas.ti v.8, and analyzed codes using constant comparison methods.Findings20 FGDs with 154 HCWs working in HIV treatment clinics were included. Median age was 30 years, 59% were female, and 43% were providers versus support staff. HCWs held strong implicit bias against men as clients. Most HCWs believed men could easily navigate HIV services due to their elevated position within society, regardless of facility-level barriers faced. Men were described in pejorative terms as ill-informed and difficult clients who were absent from health systems. Men were largely seen as “bad clients” due to assumptions about men’s ‘selfish’ and ‘prideful’ nature, resulting in little HCW sympathy for men’s poor use of care.InterpretationOur study highlights a strong implicit bias against men as HIV clients, even when gender and implicit bias were not the focus of data collection. As a result, HCWs may have little motivation to implement male-specific interventions or improve provider-patient interactions with men. Framing men as problematic places undue responsibility on individual men while minimizing institutional barriers that uniquely affect them. Implicit bias in local, national, and global discourses about men must be immediately addressed.
Right bundle branch pacing: criteria, characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Jastrzębski Marek , Kiełbasa Grzegorz , Moskal Paweł , Bednarek Agnieszka , Rajzer Marek , Curila Karol , Burri Haran , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTargets for right-sided conduction system pacing (CSP) include His bundle and right bundle branch. ECG patterns, diagnostic criteria and outcomes of right bundle branch pacing (RBBP) are not known.ObjectiveOur aims were to delineate electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of RBBP and to compare outcomes between RBBP and His bundle pacing (HBP).MethodsPatients with confirmed right CSP were divided according to the conduction system potential to QRS interval at the pacing lead implantation site. Six hypothesized RBBP criteria as well as pacing parameters, echocardiographic outcomes and all-cause mortality were analyzed.ResultsAll analyzed criteria discriminated between HBP and LBBP: double QRS transition during threshold test, selective paced QRS different from conducted QRS, stimulus to selective QRS > potential-QRS, small increase in V6RWPT during QRS transition, equal capture thresholds of CSP and myocardium, and stimulus-V6R-wave peak time (V6RWPT) > potential-V6RWPT (adopted as diagnostic standard). Per this last criterion, RBBP was observed in 19.2% (64/326) patients who had been targeted for HBP, present mainly among patients with potential to QRS < 35 ms (90.6%, 48/53) and occasionally in the remaining patients (5.6%, 16/273). RBBP was characterized by longer QRS (by 10.5 ms), longer V6RWPT (by 11.6 ms) and better sensing (by 2.6 mV) compared to HBP. During median follow-up of 29 months, no differences in capture threshold, echocardiographic outcomes or mortality were found.ConclusionsRBBP is a distinct CSP modality that is frequently observed when the pacing lead is positioned more distally along the right conduction system.
Comprative evaluation of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load from campus sewage water
Authors: Pramanik Rinka , Bodawar Narendra , Brahme Aashay , Kamble Sanjay , Dharne Mahesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the presence of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in raw sewage water are not much concerning, since it is a new pathogen and its fate in the environment is poorly understood; therefore efforts are needed for their effective removal. In under-developed countries with poor sewersheds and sanitation practices, the raw sewage water might come in contact with rivers and other water bodies and is generally used by the population for various purposes including drinking water. Hence it is important to properly treat sewage water to reduce public health risks, if any. Our study evaluated various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 from sewage water collected from the academic institutional residential campus. The present study is the first report showing hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) used to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load from sewage water. Additionally, we have also evaluated hybrid techniques like HC/O3, HC/O3/H2O2, HC/H2O2,O3/UV, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/O3,and O3/H2O2for the minimization of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load from sewage water. The sewage water treatment techniques were evaluated based on its viral concentration-reducing efficiency by comparing it with the same raw sewage water sample. However, ozone alone and its combination with other disinfecting techniques (like HC, UV, and H2O2) showed >95% SARS-CoV-2 specific RNA-reducing efficiency (also known as viral load). The AOPs treated sewage water was subjected to total nucleic acid isolation followed by RT-qPCR for viral load estimation. Interestingly, all sewage water treatment techniques used in this study significantly reduces both the SARS-CoV-2 viral load as well as PMMoV (faecal indicator) load.
Predicting Future Depressive Episodes from Resting-State fMRI with Generative Embedding
Authors: Galioulline Herman , Frässle Stefan , Harrison Sam , Pereira Inês , Heinzle Jakob , Stephan Klaas Enno 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter a first episode of major depressive disorder (MDD), there is substantial risk for a long-term remitting-relapsing course. Prevention and early interventions are thus critically important. Various studies have examined the feasibility of detecting at-risk individuals based on out-of-sample predictions about the future occurrence of depression. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received very little attention for this purpose so far.Here, we explored the utility of generative models (i.e. different dynamic causal models, DCMs) as well as functional connectivity (FC) for predicting future episodes of depression in never-depressed adults, using a large dataset (N=906) of task-free (“resting state”) fMRI data from the UK Biobank. Connectivity analyses were conducted using timeseries from pre-computed spatially independent components of different dimensionalities. Over a three year period, 50% of participants showed indications of at least one depressive episode, while the other 50% did not. Using nested cross-validation for training and a held-out test set (80/20 split), we systematically examined the combination of 8 connectivity feature sets and 17 classifiers. We found that a generative embedding procedure based on combining regression DCM (rDCM) with a support vector machine (SVM) enabled the best predictions, both on the training set (0.63 accuracy, 0.66 area under the curve, AUC) and the test set (0.62 accuracy, 0.64 AUC; p<0.001). However, on the test set, rDCM was only slightly superior to predictions based on FC (0.59 accuracy, 0.61 AUC). Interpreting model predictions based on SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values suggested that the most predictive connections were widely distributed and not confined to specific networks. Overall, our analyses suggest (i) ways of improving future fMRI-based generative embedding approaches for the early detection of individuals at-risk for depression and that (ii) achieving accuracies of clinical utility may require combination of fMRI with other data modalities.
Maternal synapsin 1 autoantibodies are associated with neurodevelopmental delay
Authors: Bünger Isabel , Makridis Konstantin L. , Kreye Jakob , Nikolaus Marc , Sedlin Eva , Ullrich Tim , Rasmussen Helle Foverskov , Milovanovic Dragomir , Hoffmann Christian , Tromm Johannes , Höltje Markus , Prüss Harald , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaternal autoantibodies can be transmitted diaplacentally, with potentially deleterious effects on neurodevelopment. Synapsin 1 (SYN1) is a neuronal protein that is important for synaptic communication and neuronal plasticity. While monoallelic loss of function (LoF) variants in theSYN1gene result in X-linked intellectual disability (ID), learning disabilities, epilepsy, behavioral problems, and macrocephaly, the effect of SYN1 autoantibodies on neurodevelopment remains unclear. We recruited a clinical cohort of 208 mothers and their children with neurologic abnormalities and analyzed the role of maternal SYN1 autoantibodies. We identified seropositivity in 9.6% of mothers, and seropositivity was associated with an increased risk for ID and behavioral problems. Furthermore, children more frequently had epilepsy, macrocephaly, and developmental delay, in line with the SYN1 LoF phenotype. Whether SYN1 autoantibodies have a direct pathogenic effect on neurodevelopment or serve as biomarkers requires functional experiments.
Validation of semi-automatic citation screening software for creating clinical practice guidelines: A protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Oami Takehiko , Okada Yohei , Fukuda Tatsuma , Sakuraya Masaaki , Nakada Taka-aki , Shime Nobuaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate the quality of the literature search and workload saving using the semi-automatic software for citation screening in the development of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG).MethodsWe will conduct a prospective study to compare the efficiency of citation screening between the conventional method using Rayyan and semi-automatic citation screening using ASReview. The two independent reviewers will conduct literature searches for clinical questions. During the session, we objectively measure the time to accomplish the citation screening. After the citation screening, we will calculate the sensitivity and specificity from the results of the conventional and semi-automatic procedures. Also, we will compare the accumulated time between the two methods.Trial registrationThis research is submitted with the University hospital medical information network clinical trial registry (UMIN-CTR) [UMIN000049366].Conflicts of interestAll authors declare no conflicts of interest to have.FundingNone
Population-wide analysis of laboratory tests to assess seasonal variation and the relevance of temporal reference interval modification
Authors: Muse Victorine P. , Aguayo-Orozco Alejandro , Balaganeshan Sedrah B. , Brunak Søren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe identified mortality-, age-, and sex-associated differences in relation to reference intervals (RI) for laboratory tests in population-wide data from nearly two million hospital patients in Denmark and comprising of more than 300 million measurements. A low-parameter mathematical wave-based modification method was developed to adjust for dietary and environment influences during the year. The resulting mathematical fit allowed for improved association rates between re-classified abnormal laboratory tests, patient diagnoses and mortality. The study highlights the need for seasonally modified RIs and presents an approach that has the potential to reduce over- and underdiagnosis, impacting both physician-patient interactions and EHR research as a whole.
Cross-Sectional Study on Philippine National Insurance Data on Malignancy
Authors: Alip S , Castillo C , Ong K. , Castro A J , Gonzales K , Gasa G , Fernandez P , Firaza P , Manalaysay F , Semblante C , Sergio S , Prodigalidad J , Macalalag M , Arcinas R , Roque A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the Urologic Diseases in the Philippines study is three-fold: to assess the burden of urologic disease in the country in prevalence and incidence, to identify orphan populations or underserved areas where urological care is most needed, and to provide an administrative data registry for which clinical data may be anchored on.Materials & MethodsThe data were then requested from the Corporate Planning Unit of PhilHealth, with the following inclusion parameters: all beneficiaries (members and their dependents) with a hospital claim in the years 2011 to 2021 with the following primary or secondary diagnoses e following variables: age, sex, admission date, outpatient/inpatient classification, specific illness code, claim amount, claim status, region and type of facility. Prevalence and incidence data were computed considering a 2-year lookback period. Health claims data is limited by limited clinical information it contains, and the selection bias of patients in frequent contact with the healthcare system.ResultsMore than 30,000 health claims were reviewed. Incidence data for 2020, in comparison with the Globocan model is as follows: kidney cancer incidence (Philhealth 371 cases, Globocan model 2211) bladder cancer (Philhealth 261 cases, Globocan model 1,541), prostate cancer incidence (Philhealth 934, Globocan model 7,290), testicular cancer incidence (Philhealth 129, Globocan model 355), and penile cancer incidence (Philhealth 32, Globocan model 114). Other information such as prevalence data, regional and facility-type data are contained in the tables and supplementary material. Disparities in reporting may be due to remediable logistical and reporting issues, RVS and ICD exclusivity, and low service utilization.ConclusionIncidence across cancer types follow the trend of global estimates, with prostate cancer being the most prevalent, followed by kidney, bladder, testis, and penile cancers. For future studies, it is imperative that administrative and clinical data linkages are established to form a more holistic picture of the urologic disease burden in the country.
Glomerular spatial transcriptomics of IgA nephropathy according to the presence of mesangial proliferation
Authors: Park Sehoon , Kang Minji , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Kim Hyunje , Moon Kyung Chul , Lee Hajeong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesangial proliferation is a key pathologic feature of diagnosis and also a risk factor for progression in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). We aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of IgAN glomerulus according to the presence of mesangial proliferation.MethodsWe performed spatial-specific transcriptomic profiling for formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy tissues using the GeoMX Digital Spatial Profiler. A total of 3 glomeruli with direct pathologic classification for each case were profiled, including 12 cases (4 M1-IgAN, 4 M0-IgAN, and 4 donor controls). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between the groups with gene ontology (GO) term annotation.ResultsIn the result which successfully enriched glom-specific genes, M1-IgAN were distinctively separated from controls (77 upregulated and 55 downregulated DEGs), while certain DEGs were identified between M1-IgAN and M0-IgAN cases (24 upregulated and 8 downregulated DEGs) or between M0 and controls (1 upregulated and 16 downregulated DEGs). The upregulated DEG that was consistent in M1-IgAN and M0-IgAN cases was TCF21 which is known as early podocyte injury marker while the DEGs uniformly downregulated in IgAN cases included ATF3, EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, JUNB, KLF2, KLF4, NR4A1, RHOB, and ZFP36. Glomeruli from M1-IgAN cases were significantly enriched for cell surface/adhesion molecules and the gene expressions that consist vascular development or extracellular matrix.ConclusionWe found certain transcriptomic differences according to the histologic changes in IgAN which was present even in the early stage of the disease. Spatial transcriptomic analysis may contribute to dissecting structure-specific pathogenesis and molecular changes in IgAN.Significance StatementImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis with distinct pathologic features of mesangial proliferation with IgA deposition. The authors used spatial transcriptomic analysis to investigate the gene expression profiles from glomeruli with direct pathology annotation. The analysis revealed notable differentially expressed genes in IgAN with and without mesangial proliferation including early podocyte changes, expressions of cell adhesion molecules, alteration in transcription factor pathway, vascular development and extracellular matrix production. The current spatial transcriptomic analysis suggests notable gene expression profiles that may contribute to pathogenesis and progression of IgAN.
Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale for Chinese high school students
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Minao , Zhang Yuchen , Cao Huake , Yang Yang , Shi Yuhang , Pei Yang , Yang Feixiang , Du Yinan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidden hunger, also known as insufficient micronutrient intake, is still a severe public health problem, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide. High school students are in an important stage of growth and development. Due to huge academic stress, high school students often lack nutrition knowledge and have unhealthy eating habits, suggesting a higher risk for hidden hunger. However, information on the hidden hunger risk of high school students is limited, and tools for assessing hidden hunger are inadequate.ObjectivesTo revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students (HHAS-HSS) in China and assess its reliability and validity.MethodsBased on the literature review, expert consultation, pre-experiment, and formal survey, a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students. The formal survey involved 9,336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province, China, from 1 September 2020 to 31 December 2020, and 9,038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis. The item analysis, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.ResultsThe HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items: “vegetables and food diversity” (3 items), “fruits and dairy products” (3 items), “micronutrient-dense foods” (4 items), and “health condition and eating habits” (2 items). The results showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.758, a split-half reliability of 0.829, and a test-retest reliability of 0.793, indicating good internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS (KMO=0.820, P<0.001). Using the maximum variance rotation method, 4 factors were obtained, and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale has reached an acceptable level.ConclusionsThe HHAS-HSS is an effective and convenient tool for the assessment of hidden hunger with good reliability and validity.