bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for complicated community‐acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Tuğcu Gökçen Dilşa , Özsezen Beste , Türkyılmaz İrem , Pehlivan Zorlu Betül , Eryılmaz Polat Sanem , Özkaya Parlakay Aslınur , Cinel Güzin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children continues to be one of the prominent causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. By determining the risk factors associated with the development of complicated CAP (CCAP), new approaches for early diagnosis and effective treatment can be identified.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with CAP and CCAP who visited the pediatric ward of the study hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. For patients with CCAP, data regarding medical procedures performed, surgical intervention, and hospitalization duration were collected.ResultsA total of 111 patients, 93 (83.7%) with CAP and 18 (16.3%) with CCAP, aged between 3 months and 18 years were hospitalized because of severe pneumonia. The mean age of the patients was 3.6 ± 1.2 years and 60 (54%) of them were female. The mean age of patients with CCAP was higher than that of patients with CAP (4.2 ± 3.3 vs. 2.8 ± 2.1 years respectively); however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.012). Patients with CCAP exhibited a significantly higher C‐reactive protein level than those with CAP (10.06 ± 7.55 vs. 4.43 ± 3.37 g/L respectively; p = 0.007). Hypoxia upon admission was noted more commonly in the CCAP group than in the CAP group (p < 0.001).ConclusionFindings related to hypoxia, respiratory distress, and pleural effusion on imaging are important distinguishing factors associated with the development of complications in patients hospitalized with CAP. Therefore, CCAP etiology, diagnosis, and treatment approaches should be established and protective measures adopted.
Excessive testimony: When less is more
Authors: Dellsén Finnur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper identifies two distinct dimensions of what might be called testimonial strength: first, in the case of testimony from more than one speaker, testimony can be said to be stronger to the extent that a greater proportion of the speakers give identical testimony; second, in both single‐speaker and multi‐speaker testimony, testimony can be said to be stronger to the extent that each speaker expresses greater conviction in the relevant proposition. These two notions of testimonial strength have received scant attention in the philosophical literature so far, presumably because it has been thought that whatever lessons we learn from thinking about testimony as a binary phenomenon will apply mutatis mutandis to varying strengths of testimony. This paper shows that this will not work for either of the two aforementioned dimensions of testimonial strength, roughly because less testimony can provide more justification in a way that can only be explained by appealing to the (non‐binary) strength of the testimony itself. The paper also argues that this result undermines some influential versions of non‐reductionism about testimonial justification.
Fish disease prevention via microbial dysbiosis‐associated biomarkers in aquaculture
Authors: Mougin Julia , Joyce Alyssa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfectious diseases are a major burden in aquaculture, and represent a significant yield‐limiting factor in production that is costly to manage as well as a potential vector for zoonoses. Over the past decades, a range of new diseases have emerged, alongside increased levels of antibiotic resistance, thus heightening the need for improved disease management methods supportive of the One Health concept. Simultaneously, recent advances in Next‐Generation Sequencing have increasingly elucidated the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function and resilience. Such work has included a plethora of studies on the potential for the management of pathogens through manipulation of the microbiome, as well as related studies of the mechanisms behind host resilience. There is now an increasing robust body of evidence recognizing the importance of a holistic framework in disease aetiology between the host, its environment and colonizing microorganisms, with perturbation increasingly associated with specific dysbiotic states and disease outcomes. Elucidating disease aetiology is a preliminary step towards the development of new prevention methods, with the main goal being early identification of dysbiosis‐associated biomarkers prior to any physical signs of the disease. While acknowledging the challenges associated with using key microbial taxa as biomarkers, we review recent advances in the characterization of dysbiosis and associated microbiome signatures in the context of disease development, with an emphasis on early biomarkers for aquaculture disease prevention. Several promising strategies are suggested, including the use of functional genes or metabolic pathways that are conserved between microbial taxa as a potential proxy for homeostasis.
The boundaries of confusion: Gerrymandering and racial disparities in state House and congressional district line congruity
Authors: Niven David , Combs Barbara Harris , Norwood Carolette , Rossiter Kalyn E. , Solimine Michael E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe introduce a new, stable, and reliable measure of gerrymandering based on the number of unnecessary overlapping state House districts within U.S. House districts. We then test for the presence of racial disparities by considering the relative number of unnecessary overlapping districts in majority‐white and majority–minority areas.MethodsWe utilize a data set encompassing maps in place in the 2012–2022 period from all 35 states with at least four congressional districts. Collectively this includes 386 U.S. House districts and more than 3600 state House districts.ResultsWe find widespread unnecessary district overlaps. In 34 of the 35 states examined, congressional districts overlap with more state House districts than is mathematically required. Moreover, unnecessary district overlaps are not imposed uniformly. Regression results suggest that districts with the largest white population experience roughly half the unnecessary overlaps imposed on districts with the smallest white population.ConclusionWe argue the implications of this racial disparity are significant given that previous research finds that confusing district boundaries have a deleterious effect on the basic pillars of representation. This effort represents a new and straightforward gerrymandering metric with implications for the study of representation and the pursuit of fair districts in the courts.
Risk factors associated with self‐reported Q fever in Australian wildlife rehabilitators: Findings from an online survey
Authors: Mathews Karen O. , Savage Cathie , Norris Jacqueline M. , Phalen David , Malikides Nick , Sheehy Paul A. , Bosward Katrina L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAustralian wildlife rehabilitators (AWR) are at increased risk of developing Q fever, a serious zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Previous studies have suggested that Australian wildlife may be a potential C. burnetii infection source for humans. However, a recent serological survey of AWR found no association between C. burnetii exposure and direct contact with any wildlife species. To further explore the potential risk that wildlife may pose, this study aimed to identify associations between self‐reported Q fever in AWR and risk factors for exposure to C. burnetii. An online cross‐sectional survey was implemented in 2018 targeting AWR nationwide. Risk factors for self‐reported Q fever were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Medically diagnosed Q fever was self‐reported in 4.5% (13/287) of unvaccinated respondents. Rehabilitators who self‐reported medically diagnosed Q fever were significantly more likely to: primarily rehabilitate wildlife at a veterinary clinic (OR 17.87, 95% CI: 3.09–110.92), have domestic ruminants residing on the property where they rehabilitate wildlife (OR 11.75, 95% CI: 2.91–57.42), have been educated at a High School/Technical and Further Education level (OR 10.29, 95% CI: 2.13–84.03) and be aged >50 years (OR 6.61, 95% CI: 1.60–38.35). No association was found between self‐reported Q fever and direct contact with wildlife. These findings support previous work suggesting that AWR are at increased risk of C. burnetii infection and may develop Q fever potentially via exposure to traditional infection sources including livestock, other domestic animals, or contaminated environments, in association with their rehabilitation practices and lifestyle. Although Q fever vaccination is recommended for AWR, vaccine uptake is low in this population. Future studies should aim to determine the level of Q fever awareness and identify barriers to Q fever vaccination in this at‐risk group. The difficulty in accessing the AWR population also highlights the need for a national centralized AWR database.
Impedance Control on Redundant Manipulators With Zero-Potential-Energy Motions: Theory and Experimental Validation
Authors: Saldarriaga Carlos , Kao Imin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article presents an experimental study with theory to identify quantitatively the zero-potential-energy (ZP) motion in Cartesian impedance control of redundant manipulators, based on a new analytical methodology. This ZP mode of motion, analogous to the rigid-body mode in classic mechanical systems, is a result of the redundancy of the robot. When subject to an external perturbation under impedance control, a redundant robot will assume a new equilibrium configuration determined by the ZP motion, governed by the least-energy principle. Consequently, this creates a steady-state deviation from its initial configuration after a perturbation and reaches a new equilibrium. We determine such ZP motion(s) by utilizing a closed-form solution based on vibration theory. Experiments were conducted on a 7-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) redundant Panda robot to determine the new equilibrium after a perturbation. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical prediction of the ZP motions to validate the theoretical results of the zero-potential-energy motions due to stiffness in impedance control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ZP motion due to redundancy can be eliminated by removing the redundancy through experimental validation by employing the null-space control, as expected.
Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Impinging Syngas Flames From Multi-Slot Burner
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd. , Muthu Kumaran S. , Raghavan Vasudevan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Characteristics of impinging flames from a multi-slot burner fueled by synthetic gas are studied using a comprehensive numerical model. A multi-slot burner with five fuel slots and six air slots arranged in an alternately has been analyzed. The power rating of the burner is kept at 10 kW, and the air flowrate is fixed at 400% of the stoichiometric air required for the net fuel flowrate. The numerical model incorporates a short chemical kinetic mechanism, variable thermophysical properties, full multicomponent diffusion, thermal diffusion and a radiation sub-model. The location of the solid surface from the burner exit, primary air in fuel stream, dimensions of solid surfaces, and their temperatures have been varied to study the heat flux distributions from impinging flames. Results show that the location of the solid surface from the burner ports and partial premixing affect the heat transfer characteristics. The heat fluxes received by the side and top surfaces depend on the characteristics of neighboring flames located around the central flame. The heat flux distribution and the net heat flux received by the surface are found to be uniform and optimum at a height of 90 mm from the burner exit. Increasing the length of the impinging surface has negligible influence on average heat flux and CO production. The mass fraction of CO is affected by heating height and partial premixing. It remains almost constant for varying temperatures of the impinging surfaces. Primary aeration of 20% is found to be optimum for higher net heat flux and lower CO emissions.
Hydrodynamic Investigation of a Remora-Inspired Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Docking Onto a Benchmark Submarine
Authors: Xu Yunxin , Shi Weichao , Stark Callum 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To improve the cost-effectiveness and safety of offshore operations, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are widely used in various fields. However, traditional docking or recovery methods for AUV’s can be very inefficient as they require the mother vehicle to be stationary. Therefore, to reduce recovery operation cost, shorten the redeployment time and increase operational efficiency when compared to traditional docking methods, the development of underwater dynamic recovery systems for AUVs is critical. Recently the ‘hitchhiking’ behavior of remoras which have a symbiotic relationship with sharks has been investigated, and the numerical results showed that the boundary layers and adverse pressure gradient regions around the shark can provide a significant drag reduction on the remora when it attaches to the shark. To support the feasibility study of the underwater dynamic recovery system of AUVs, this paper develops a remora-like AUV and investigates the potential docking locations on a benchmark submarine, using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, STAR-CCM+. Self-propulsion simulations are conducted to identify the resistance performance of the AUV in different locations as affected by flow around the submarine. The boundary layer and the adverse pressure gradient are the two key elements that affected the AUV resistance. By researching the hydrodynamic characteristics, an optimal docking area is identified and presented to be further researched to fully enable this advanced dynamic docking operation.
Finite Element Modelling of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Cold Water Pipe (CWP)
Authors: Adiputra Ristiyanto , Utsunomiya Tomoaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An OTEC CWP can be modelled as a submerged free-hanging pipe conveying fluid. The large amount of the required transported deep seawater might cause catastrophic failure of the pipe due to Centrifugal and Coriolis forces driven by the Internal Flow Effect (IEF). To predict the critical velocity, this paper analyzes the stability of the pipe using a Finite Element Method. At the first step, the general motion equation of the pipe is derived and for each term of the equation, its potential energy equation is represented. Using Hermite shape functions, the local matrixes of each element can be obtained based on virtual displacement principle. Flow field and flow direction change at the inlet is considered at the bottom-end of the pipe as a local boundary condition. After the global matrixes of the system are produced, the global boundary conditions are imposed. Finally, the system is solved using the Newmark time-scheme method. The result are then compared to the previous published works of a small scale model. After being verified, the developed FEM will be used to analyze the full-scale model of the OTEC CWP. The result shows that the critical velocity is around 4.5–4.8 m/s.
Sea Trials Summarization on Fundamental Formation Control of Multiple Cruising AUVs -2nd Report: 3 Cruising AUVs With 1 ASV Trial, and Hovering AUVs’ AUV-AUV Positioning and Communication-
Authors: Fujiwara Toshifumi , Kim Kangsoo , Sasano Masahiko , Sato Takumi , Inaba Shogo , Okamoto Akihiro , Imasato Motonobu , Osawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) has been studying the development of multi-vehicle operation technology for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) mainly from the viewpoint of efficient operation. These results were obtained through our participation in the 2nd term Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP2), “Innovative Technology for Exploration of Deep Sea Resources” in Japan. In the project, NMRI is promoting an advanced control system for AUVs initiatively together with the lead agency, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).
This paper is placed as the second report in the series. The contents of the paper show the results of the fundamental formation control with three cruising AUVs and one ASV in the sea, and the results of AUV-AUV positioning and communication tests with two hovering AUVs. As a result, in the case of the trial of the fundamental formation control, seafloor topography mapping at the coast in Japan was successfully conducted by the AUVs control system. Moreover, two hovering AUVs navigated with positioning and communication each other in the sea having no problem.
The results of the two trials are reported and summarized.
The Effect of Pitting Corrosion on Fatigue Performance of Mooring Line Chain Links
Authors: Rezende Filipe A. , Simão Marina L. , Videiro Paulo M. , Sagrilo Luis V. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mooring systems play an important role in the safety of floating production units and must comply with ultimate, accidental, and fatigue limit states criteria defined by design standards and classification societies. However, in the last few decades, many mooring lines failures have been reported in the literature. Most of these were related to fatigue and corrosion degradation in the top chain links, becoming a major concern. Since then, a great effort has been made to improve fatigue assessment methodologies of these elements and to model the effects that are not properly considered in the current design practice, such as the mean tension effect and the chain-link surface roughness due to localized corrosion.
The design practice of mooring lines usually assumes a uniform corrosion model with a constant corrosion rate. That way, corrosion degradation is considered only by reducing the net area of the chain-link. As a consequence, effects of stress concentration due to localized pitting are not directly addressed, and this may lead to an unconservative design.
The present work aims at assessing the stress concentration associated to chain links with pitting corrosion employing finite element analyses and by comparing the localized pitting against the uniform corrosion stresses conditions in the chain link hotspots. Results highlight that, even for small pits, fatigue damages are higher than considering a uniform area reduction, showing one feasible way of improving the current fatigue design methodologies.
Freak Wave Forecasting: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Breunung Thomas , Balachandran Balakumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Freak waves, waves significantly higher than neighboring waves, are a serious threat to ships and marine infrastructure. Despite significant refinement of operational wave models and recent progress in studying the theoretical foundations of such extreme events, the emergence of these events remains unpredictable. In this work, the authors propose a data-driven wave forecasting approach by combining the essence of common wave models, rapid oscillations, and slowly changing spectrum with data-driven techniques such as recurrent neural networks. A judicious minimization procedure is developed, wherein the sea surface elevation is first decomposed into harmonic functions with varying amplitudes. Then, the amplitude variations are forecasted by fitting universal, black-box models. This approach, which can be used to forecast wave crests and troughs in real time, is tested on available buoy data. Overall, the developed models and fitting strategies outperform simple benchmarks indicating the approach’s potential for operational, real-time wave forecasting.
Experimental Study on Temporary Plugging Diverting Acidification of Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Nan Zhao , Liwei Zhang , Rongjun Wang , Qing Wang , Mengchuan Zhang , Erdong Yao , Bo Wang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Matrix acidizing is the primary well stimulation method applied to increase the oil and gas production of sandstone reservoirs. However, for reservoirs with many small layers and strong heterogeneity, the permeability of the thief zone is increased because a large amount of acid is easy to enter it, and the less permeable layer that needs to be stimulated cannot be improved, which lead to the interlayer heterogeneity more serious. The method of uniform distribution acid in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs has been rarely studied. In this paper, temporary plugging and diverting acidizing is suggested to solve the problem of uniform acid distribution in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. The temporarily plugged powder is trapped in the front edge of the high-permeability core to form a filter cake. The acid is forced to enter the low-permeability core to achieve uniform acidification.
The results show that the dissolving rate of 50 and 100 mesh temporarily blocked powders is more than 99% under the condition of reservoir temperature and can flowback entirely to the surface without harming the reservoir. The core flooding experiment shows that a 2MPa diverting pressure was induced by 0.1% temporary plugging powder. when the permeability level difference is 50, the permeability of the low permeability core can be improved by more than 50%. It indicated that the temporary plugging powder has a strong plugging ability for high permeability core and a good stimulation effect for low permeability core. Laboratory experiments show that temporary plugging diverting acidification (TPDA) has an excellent stimulation effect on the reservoir with strong heterogeneity in the long well section, which will be an important reference for the realization of uniform acidizing.
Evaluation and Interpretation on Data Driven ROP Models From Engineering Perspectives
Authors: Fernández Berrocal Miguel , Cao Jie , Sui Dan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently machine learning (ML) technology has been adopted in the Oil and Gas industry as solutions to the most demanding problems like drilling parameters estimation and prediction, drilling incidents detection, optimal well planning etc. Rate of penetration (ROP) modeling is complicated since the ROP is affected by many interacted parameters/factors, and there is no obvious correlation between a single drilling parameter and the target ROP value. Different variables, e.g., weight on bit (WOB), rotary speed (RPM), standpipe pressure (SPP), formation/bit properties, interact such that it is difficult to formulate an accurate mathematical model to describe their correlations. Thanks to a big amount of available field data, the ML becomes a powerful tool to develop data-driven ROP models.
It is a positive sign that many good results from data-driven ROP models have been presented in recent years. However, the limitations of ML approaches like data generality, quality and selection, model evaluation and interpretation, model generality, robustness and stability, and model validation might be the barriers to implementing data-driven techniques to drilling operations in real life. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate and analyze data-driven ROP models with different engineering perspectives, including:
1) Data: how does data affect the data-driven ROP model behavior?
2) Performance metric: which one is suitable to evaluate the error of the estimation/prediction, e.g., coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) or others?
3) Dynamics: How to evaluate the ROP model dynamics?
4) ML models: how well do the data-driven ROP models perform in the ROP optimization?
From the case studies in this research, the comprehensive results are shown to evaluate the developed ROP models with respect to the above-mentioned aspects. The work focusing on model evaluation and engineering interpretation facilitates a better understanding of the data-driven models and their applications. It also presents a new evaluation method using trend analysis.