bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tufting on the interlaminar bonding behavior of needled composite
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zheng Hongwei , Wei Yuying , Ren Zhipeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe needled/stitched dual‐scale interlocking structure is a new fabric structure. However, the effect of stitching on the interlaminar bonding behavior of needled composite has not been elucidated. In this work, the needled/tufted dual‐scale interlocking composite was prepared, and experimental and numerical simulation of Mode I interlaminar property was carried out. The influence of stitching on the interfacial bonding behavior of needled composite was revealed. Results showed that the implantation of tufted fibers greatly improved the Mode I interlaminar property of the needled composite. The maximum experimental load of double cantilever beam (DCB) was 129.32 N, which increased by 248.53% compared to needled composites. And GIC increased by 3 times. Moreover，within a certain range, with the increase of the length of the head of the tufted fiber bundle, the interlaminar performance of Mode I was effectively improved. The typical failure mode of needled/tufted dual‐scale interlocking composite were matrix cracking, brittle fracture of needled fiber bundles, pulled out and brittle fracture of tufted fiber bundles. Moreover, the Tri‐cohesive zone models (TCZMs) was proposed, and DCB simulation of needled/tufted dual‐scale interlocking composite was conducted. The simulation of load–displacement curves was well closed to the experiment. The error range was within 7%.
White matter alterations in the dorsal attention network contribute to a high risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuharu , Hirano Jinichi , Ueda Ryo , Yoshitake Hiroshi , Yamagishi Mika , Kimura Mariko , Kamiya Kei , Shino Motoki , Mimura Masaru , Yamagata Bun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimHealthy older drivers may be at high risk of fatal traffic accidents. Our recent study showed that volumetric alterations in gray matter in the brain regions within the dorsal attention network (DAN) were strongly related to the risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people. However, the relationship between white matter (WM) structural connectivity and driving ability in healthy older people is still unclear.MethodsWe used diffusion tensor imaging to examine the association between microstructural alterations in the DAN and the risk of unsafe driving among healthy older people. We enrolled 32 healthy older individuals aged over 65 years and screened unsafe drivers using an on‐road driving test. We then determined the pattern of WM aberrations in unsafe drivers using tract‐based spatial statistics.ResultsThe analysis demonstrated that unsafe drivers had significantly higher axial diffusivity values in nine WM clusters compared with safe drivers. These results were primarily observed bilaterally in the dorsal superior longitudinal fasciculus, which is involved in the DAN. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that higher axial diffusivity values in the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with lower Trail Making Test A scores within unsafe drivers. This result suggests that functionally, WM microstructural alterations in the DAN are associated with attention problems, which may contribute to the risk of unsafe driving among healthy older people.ConclusionOur findings may elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk of unsafe driving in healthy older people, potentially facilitating the development of new interventions to prevent fatal accidents.
Susceptibility‐weighted imaging to evaluate normal and abnormal vertebrae in fetuses: A preliminary study
Authors: Cai Xianyun , Chen Xin , Wang Jing , Wei Xinhong , Liu Wen , Li Yuchao , Wang Shanshan , Zhu Jinxia , Haacke E. Mark , Wang Guangbin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) in visualizing normal and abnormal fetal vertebrae in vivo and in utero.MethodsNinety‐seven women with normal fetal vertebrae and 127 women suspected fetal vertebral anomalies on ultrasound were included in our study. SWI, true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP), and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) of the fetal spine were performed on 1.5‐T magnetic resonance imaging. The image quality and diagnostic performance between HASTE/TrueFISP and SWI were compared. Pearson correlations to correlate the L1 centrum ossification center (COC) measurements with gestational age (GA) were performed.ResultsThe visibility of the fetal vertebral structures on the SWI images (3.58 ± 0.69) was significantly greater than those on the HASTE (1.98 ± 0.51, p < 0.001) and TrueFISP (2.63 ± 0.52, p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of SWI (89.0%) was superior to HASTE/TrueFISP (48.0%) (p < 0.001) and the area under the curve for SWI was 0.909 (p < 0.001). The height, transverse, sagittal diameter, and area of L1 COC were linearly correlated with GA (all p < 0.001).ConclusionSWI proved to be a reliable method for depicting fetal vertebral structure and growth, which can significantly improve the diagnostic performance of vertebral anomalies in fetuses.
Oxygen transmission rate through thermoformed trays: Modeling and influence of processing variables
Authors: Enguix Carlos , Sanjuan Neus , Ribal Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe oxygen transmission rate (OTR) is a key parameter when selecting a sheet to make a thermoformed tray, as it influences the shelf life of packaged food. The OTR of a thermoformed tray depends on the distribution of the material's thickness over its walls. The goal of this study is to model the evolution of oxygen in the headspace of a thermoformed plastic tray considering the thickness distribution of its walls. PET/PE films with different thicknesses and a PET/PE/EVOH/PE structure with EVOH acting as a barrier layer were used for the thermoformed trays. The thickness of the thermoformed trays was measured at different points to determine the average thickness of the tray subsections. A model was built to predict the variation in the oxygen content inside the headspace over time. The results of the model were correlated with experimental data by regression analysis. The model can be used to perform a straightforward comparison of both different structures as well as the effect of the thickness of the layers that constitute the multilayer sheet. The model can also support decisions about the best multilayer for a particular tray design so as to achieve a specific product shelf‐life.
Cold‐inducible promoter‐driven knockdown of Brachypodium antifreeze proteins confers freezing and phytopathogen susceptibility
Authors: Juurakko Collin L. , Bredow Melissa , diCenzo George C. , Walker Virginia K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe model forage crop, Brachypodium distachyon, has a cluster of ice recrystallization inhibition (BdIRI) genes, which encode antifreeze proteins that function by adsorbing to ice crystals and inhibiting their growth. The genes were targeted for knockdown using a cold‐induced promoter from rice (prOsMYB1R35) to drive miRNA. The transgenic lines showed no apparent pleiotropic developmental defects but had reduced antifreeze activity as assessed by assays for ice‐recrystallization inhibition, thermal hysteresis, electrolyte leakage, and leaf infrared thermography. Strikingly, the number of cold‐acclimated transgenic plants that survived freezing at −8°C was reduced by half or killed entirely, depending on the line, compared with cold‐acclimated wild type plants. In addition, more leaf damage was apparent at subzero temperatures in knockdowns after infection with an ice nucleating pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. Although antifreeze proteins have been studied for almost 60 years, this is the first unequivocal demonstration of their function by knockdown in any organism, and their dual contribution to freeze protection as well as pathogen susceptibility, independent of obvious developmental defects. These proteins are thus of potential interest in a wide range of biotechnological applications from cryopreservation, to frozen product additives, to the engineering of transgenic crops with enhanced pathogen and freezing tolerance.
Integrated proteome and acetylome analyses unveil protein features of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia
Authors: Hu Biying , Li Dandan , Tang Donge , Shangguan Yu , Cao Yuzhi , Guo Ruonan , Luan Shaodong , Yun Chen , Morgera Stanislao , Hocher Berthold , Krämer Bernhard K. , Wang Yinglan , Yin Lianghong , Dai Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are associated with maternal and infant health. Although the pathogenesis of PE and GDM remains controversial, oxidative stress is involved in the underlying pathology of GDM and PE. Protein lysine acetylation (Kac) plays an important regulatory role in biological processes. There is little data regarding the association of the maternal acetylome with GDM and PE. This study aimed to assess the potential value of the proteome and acetylome for GDM and PE. In our study, we included placental tissues from healthy individuals (n = 6), GDM patients (n = 6), and PE patients (n = 6) to perform 4D‐label free quantification proteomics analysis and PRM analysis. We identified 22 significantly regulated proteins and 192 significantly regulated acetylated proteins between the GDM and PE groups. Furthermore, 192 significantly regulated acetylated proteins were mainly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ferroptosis pathways. Seventeen acetylated sites in these two pathways were verified by PRM analysis. Our comprehensive analysis revealed key features of GDM/PE‐significantly regulated acetylated proteins in the placentas from GDM and PE. The results of signaling pathway analysis focused on ERS and ferroptosis. These findings may help explore the underlying pathology, new biomarkers, and therapeutic targets of GDM and PE.
The role of partner support for health behaviours in people living with and beyond cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Gil Natalie , Fisher Abigail , Beeken Rebecca J. , Pini Simon , Miller Natalie , Buck Caroline , Lally Phillippa , Conway Rana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to qualitatively explore how partner support for health behaviours is perceived, received, and utilised in people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC).MethodsSemi‐structured audio interviews were conducted with 24 participants, 15 men and nine women, living with and beyond breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Inductive and deductive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThree key themes with six subthemes were identified relating to partner support for health behaviours: (1) Interdependence (Reciprocity, Overt Control, Influence & Motivation) (2) Concordance (Shared Attitudes & Health Beliefs, Shared Health Behaviour) and (3) Communal Coping (Communal Orientation towards Health and Decision Making, Co‐operative Action in Health Behaviour).ConclusionsPartner support plays a unique and significant role in the health behaviours of people LWBC. Partners play a collaborative role in managing health and facilitating health behaviours, while the high level of concordance in couples may represent a potential barrier to change via the reinforcement of maladaptive health beliefs and behaviours.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsOverall, findings demonstrate that partners should be considered and included where possible when designing future behaviour change interventions for people LWBC.
Asthma admission among children in Hong Kong during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wong K. L. , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Yau Y. S. , Lee S. L. , Chiu Susan S. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) had been introduced in Hong Kong during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The impact on asthma admission, which was closely related to viral infection, was of concern.ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the impact of NPIs on pediatric asthma admissions and their association with respiratory viruses.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study to compare the difference in pediatric asthma hospital admission rates between pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 periods. Information on demographics, nasopharyngeal specimen results, ventilatory support, intensive care admission, hospital stay duration, asthma control therapy, and previous admission episodes was collected. Weather parameters including temperature, rainfall, humidity, and air quality data that was reflected by the air quality health index were recorded.ResultsA total of 1808 pediatric asthma admissions were recorded during the pre‐COVID‐19 period while there were 62 admissions during COVID‐19 period, among which 54 admissions from the pre‐COVID‐19 period and 4 admissions from COVID‐19 period were excluded. Weekly pediatric asthma admissions per total pediatric admissions during COVID‐19 was one‐third of that during the pre‐COVID‐19 period (0.3% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001). During COVID‐19 period, a significantly lower percentage of respiratory virus isolates was noted (58.6% vs. 72.6%, p = 0.019). Poisson regression analysis showed that the COVID‐19 period (odds ratio [OR] = 0.202, 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.16–0.26]; p ≤ 0.001), summer vacation period (OR = 0.512, 95% CI [0.43–0.62]; p ≤ 0.001), and humidity (OR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.98–1.00]; p = 0.004) were independent protective factors for asthma admission.ConclusionsThere was a significant reduction in pediatric asthma hospitalizations and respiratory virus isolates in the first year of COVID‐19 pandemic in Hong Kong with the implementation of NPIs. Rhinovirus remained the key respiratory virus isolate. Incorporation of appropriate NPIs in long run could reduce virus infection‐related pediatric asthma admission.
Beyond redundant kill: A fundamental explanation of how insecticide mixtures work for resistance management
Authors: Madgwick Philip G. , Kanitz Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of insecticide mixtures for resistance management has been a controversial topic for many decades. Here, we provide a reassessment of the fundamental theory of insecticide mixtures. First, we examine how mixtures differ from other strategies. We suggest that the fundamental strategy concept of a mixture is defined by the simultaneous use of insecticides and their overlapping exposure. Second, we provide a simple, illustrative model to show how mixtures affect resistance evolution. Following the existing literature, we identify a role for ‘redundant kill’ acting against resistant individuals, which we link to the overlapping exposure of insecticides. We also identify the occurrence of ‘additional kill’ acting against susceptible individuals, which is the immediate consequence of the simultaneous use of insecticides. Third, we take a basic approach to the comparison of mixtures and other strategies using a simple model. We find that a common comparison of the time to resistance alone leaves the effects of additional kill unaccounted for. Moreover, we demonstrate that different approaches to comparison can lead to different results because of biases that are introduced in the comparison setup. Fourth, still using the same model, we showcase a more sophisticated approach to comparison using optimised strategies. We find that optimised mixtures always perform better than other strategies due to the combination of redundant and additional kill. We suggest that the comparison of optimised strategies is unbiased because each strategy is performing the best that it can. On this basis, in theory (but not necessarily practice), we believe that mixtures are better than other strategies and, through the steps of our argument, we can tie this success back to the fundamental properties (of simultaneous use and overlapping exposure) that distinguish mixtures from other strategy concepts. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Simulating a Mediterranean heavy‐precipitating event with parametrized convection: Role of subgrid‐scale topography
Authors: Mazoyer Marie , Roehrig Romain , Duffourg Fanny , Nuissier Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGetting the right precipitation probability density function in the Mediterranean area is a challenge for most global and regional climate models with parametrized convection. Over land in particular, the intensity of heavy‐precipitating events is often underestimated. In the present study, we provide a process‐based analysis of the representation by the CNRM‐ALADIN63 regional climate model of one of these events, which occurred in the southeast of France on November 1–2, 2008. The CNRM‐ALADIN63 model, when run in a configuration where the large‐scale dynamics is nudged towards that of the ERA‐Interim reanalysis, is first shown to capture the location and intensity of the heavy‐precipitating event appropriately. Then, using a reference convection‐permitting simulation of the same event and a conditional sampling approach to identify and characterize convective updraughts, the ability of the model convection parametrization to capture further convective details is assessed. The model misses the occurrence of the updraught mass flux largest values, despite a significant and systematic overestimation of the updraught vertical velocity. The area covered by the convective updraught is in fact found to be severely underestimated, suggesting an inappropriate approach for convective closure: the event occurred along the foothills of the Massif Central, where the subgrid‐scale features of the topography interact strongly with the impinging large‐scale flow and thereby drive the position and large area fractions of convective updraughts, at least during the mature phase of the event. A preliminary topography‐based convective closure is proposed and implemented in the model to assess this hypothesis further. The results confirm that the parametrization deficiencies can be significantly reduced with a proper inclusion of subgrid‐scale topographic features.
The characterization and impact of Aeolus wind profile observations in NOAA's regional tropical cyclone model (HWRF)
Authors: Marinescu Peter J. , Cucurull Lidia , Apodaca Karina , Bucci Lisa , Genkova Iliana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObservation system experiments (OSEs) are conducted to assess the potential impacts of horizontal line‐of‐sight wind profile observations from the Aeolus satellite on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting. The OSEs utilize the operational Hurricane Weather and Research Forecasting (HWRF) model. The OSEs include 226 forecasts from seven TC cases in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific basins. Comparisons between Aeolus and model background winds show that winds from Aeolus are consistently stronger than those from HWRF. Data assimilation statistics also demonstrate that the greatest potential impacts from the assimilation of Aeolus observations are likely to occur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and within approximately 500 km from the TC centre. For TC forecasting applications, the assimilation of Aeolus observations improves TC intensity and size forecasts in the Eastern Pacific basin, while the results for track forecasts and results from the Atlantic basin are mixed. However, in both basins, the largest and most statistically significant, positive impacts from the assimilation of Aeolus observations occur when reconnaissance flight data are unavailable and during the early stages of TC development. The traditionally used forecast assessments of TC intensity, track and size are rooted in surface‐based metrics, and an additional investigation above the surface demonstrated larger improvements from assimilating Aeolus observations on TC wind structure above 400 hPa as compared to the lower troposphere. Several, different assessments throughout this study demonstrate higher uncertainty and the need for special consideration associated with assimilation techniques within 500 km from the TC centre.
Additional studies on nicotine exposure in horses: Accurate quantification and elimination profiles of potential biomarkers in plasma and urine
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Shibuya Mariko , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa , Yamashita Shozo , Nagata Shun‐ichi , Kushiro Asuka , Sakai Satoshi , Toju Kota , Okada Jun , Kawasaki Kazumi , Kusano Kanichi , Kijima‐Suda Isao 
Published: September 2022

RationaleFor the purpose of doping control, this is the first report of accurate quantification of four critical structural isomers of nicotine metabolites (trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, cis‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, 5′‐hydroxycotinine, and N′‐hydroxymethylnorcotinine) in equine plasma and urine for the establishment of their elimination profiles. Besides, the pharmacokinetic studies of trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine and N′‐hydroxymethylnorcotinine in equine plasma and urine are also presented for the first time.MethodsThe accurate quantification methods of the aforementioned four structural isomers in horse plasma and urine were successfully developed and validated using the solid‐phase extractions followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Baseline chromatographic separation was achieved to completely differentiate these isomers, which shared the same selected reaction monitoring transition. Such methods were applied to post‐administration samples obtained from the nicotine and tobacco leaf administration studies for the establishment of pharmacokinetic profiles.ResultsN′‐Hydroxymethylnorcotinine could be quantified for the longest period, ranging from 48 to 72 h in plasma and 96 h in urine after a single administration of 250 mg of nicotine and an equivalent amount of nicotine in tobacco leaves. In terms of detection, both N′‐hydroxymethylnorcotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine could be detected up to the last sample collection time point (96 h), indicating that they are the most appropriate biomarkers for nicotine exposure.ConclusionsN′‐Hydroxymethylnorcotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine were detected longest in plasma and urine samples after both nicotine and tobacco leaf administrations, and N′‐hydroxymethylnorcotinine was deemed most appropriate as a monitoring target due to its relatively higher abundance and slower elimination rate. These two biomarkers could also be used to differentiate sample contamination by tobacco products and genuine nicotine exposure to horse regardless of intentionality.