bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicle Induced Receptor Sequestration: Mechanisms behind Extracellular Vesicle‐Based Protein Signaling
Authors: Staufer Oskar , Hernandez Bücher Jochen Estebano , Fichtler Julius , Schröter Martin , Platzman Ilia , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental for proper physiological functioning of multicellular organisms. By shuttling nucleic acids and proteins between cells, EVs regulate a plethora of cellular processes, especially those involved in immune signalling. However, the mechanistic understanding concerning the biophysical principles underlying EV‐based communication is still incomplete. Towards holistic understanding, particular mechanisms explaining why and when cells apply EV‐based communication and how protein‐based signalling is promoted by EV surfaces are sought. Here, the authors study vesicle‐induced receptor sequestration (VIRS) as a universal mechanism augmenting the signalling potency of proteins presented on EV‐membranes. By bottom‐up reconstitution of synthetic EVs, the authors show that immobilization of the receptor ligands FasL and RANK on EV‐like vesicles, increases their signalling potential by more than 100‐fold compared to their soluble forms. Moreover, the authors perform diffusion simulations within immunological synapses to compare receptor activation between soluble and EV‐presented proteins. By this the authors propose vesicle‐triggered local clustering of membrane receptors as the principle structural mechanism underlying EV‐based protein presentation. The authors conclude that EVs act as extracellular templates promoting the local aggregation of membrane receptors at the EV contact site, thereby fostering inter‐protein interactions. The results uncover a potentially universal mechanism explaining the unique structural profit of EV‐based intercellular signalling.
Nucleobase Polymers Promote Low Work Function Surfaces in Organic Electronics
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Zhihui , Yang Rui , Kwon Namhee , Park Soohyung , Kim Heung‐Sik , Lee Hyunbok , Liu Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow work function surfaces are crucial to electron extraction and injection in organic electronic devices. One of the challenges is developing general surface modifiers compatible with various organic semiconductors and device structures. Two novel nucleobase polymers are synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The nucleobase polymers show strong molecular dipole moments and superior film‐forming property as surface modifiers, which universally reduce work functions of common conductive electrodes. The integration of these nucleobase polymers into conventional or inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) boosts efficiencies of the devices to 17.25%, which is the highest in OSCs containing biomass‐derived interlayer materials. These nucleobase polymers are efficient and stable surface modifiers to remove energy barriers of diodes and transistors, improving electron transport between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors, which provide a new material platform for introducing biomass‐derivatives to produce low work function surfaces for high‐performance organic electronics.
Role of chronic neuroinflammation in neuroplasticity and cognitive function: A hypothesis
Authors: Lecca Daniela , Jung Yoo Jin , Scerba Michael T. , Hwang Inho , Kim Yu Kyung , Kim Sun , Modrow Sydney , Tweedie David , Hsueh Shih‐Chang , Liu Dong , Luo Weiming , Glotfelty Elliot , Li Yazhou , Wang Jia‐Yi , Luo Yu , Hoffer Barry J. , Kim Dong Seok , McDevitt Ross A. , Greig Nigel H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluating the efficacy of 3,6’‐dithioPomalidomide in 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice to test the hypothesis that neuroinflammation is directly involved in the development of synaptic/neuronal loss and cognitive decline.BackgroundAmyloid‐β (Aβ) or tau‐focused clinical trials have proved unsuccessful in mitigating AD‐associated cognitive impairment. Identification of new drug targets is needed. Neuroinflammation is a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders, and TNF‐α a pivotal neuroinflammatory driver.New hypothesisAD‐associated chronic neuroinflammation directly drives progressive synaptic/neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Pharmacologically mitigating microglial/astrocyte activation without altering Aβ generation will define the role of neuroinflammation in AD progression.Major challengesDifficulty of TNF‐α‐lowering compounds reaching brain, and identification of a therapeutic‐time window to preserve the beneficial role of neuroinflammatory processes.Linkage to other major theoriesMicroglia/astroglia are heavily implicated in maintenance of synaptic plasticity/function in healthy brain and are disrupted by Aβ. Mitigation of chronic gliosis can restore synaptic homeostasis/cognitive function.
Potential role of chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL‐40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Connolly Kevin , Lehoux Mikael , O'Rourke Ryan , Assetta Benedetta , Erdemir Guzide Ayse , Elias Jack A , Lee Chun Geun , Huang Yu‐Wen Alvin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL‐40) has long been known as a biomarker for early detection of neuroinflammation and disease diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, CHI3L1 is primarily provided by astrocytes and heralds the reactive, neurotoxic state triggered by inflammation and other stress signals. However, how CHI3L1 acts in neuroinflammation or how it contributes to AD and relevant neurodegenerative conditions remains unknown. In peripheral tissues, our group and others have uncovered that CHI3L1 is a master regulator for a wide range of injury and repair events, including the innate immunity pathway that resembles the neuroinflammation process governed by microglia and astrocytes. Based on assessment of current knowledge regarding CHI3L1 biology, we hypothesize that CHI3L1 functions as a signaling molecule mediating distinct neuroinflammatory responses in brain cells and misfunctions to precipitate neurodegeneration. We also recommend future research directions to validate such assertions for better understanding of disease mechanisms.
Klein Tunneling through Double Barrier in ABC‐Trilayer Graphene
Authors: Mouhafid Abderrahim El , Jellal Ahmed , Mekkaoui Miloud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKlein tunneling and conductance for Dirac fermions in ABC‐stacked trilayer graphene through symmetric and asymmetric double potential barrier are investigated. This was done by using the continuum model of two and six‐bands. The numerical results show that the transport is sensitive to the height, the width, and the distance between the two barriers. It is found that the Klein paradox at normal incidence () and resonant features at in the transmission result from resonant electron states in the wells or hole states in the barriers. It is shown that such features strongly influence the ballistic conductance of the structures.
Nonlocal Correlation and Entanglement of Ultracold Bosons in the 2D Bose–Hubbard Lattice at Finite Temperature
Authors: Pohl Ulli , Ray Sayak , Kroha Johann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent behavior emerging in the vicinity of the superfluid (SF) to Mott‐insulator (MI) transition of interacting bosons in a 2D optical lattice, described by the Bose–Hubbard model is investigated. The equilibrium phase diagram at finite‐temperature is computed using the cluster mean‐field (CMF) theory including a finite‐cluster‐size‐scaling. The SF, MI, and normal fluid (NF) phases are characterized as well as the transition or crossover temperatures between them are estimated by computing physical quantities such as the superfluid fraction, compressibility and sound velocity using the CMF method. It is found that the nonlocal correlations included in a finite cluster, when extrapolated to infinite size, leads to quantitative agreement of the phase boundaries with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) results as well as with experiments. Moreover, it is shown that the von Neumann entanglement entropy within a cluster corresponds to the system's entropy density and that it is enhanced near the SF–MI quantum critical point (QCP) and at the SF–NF boundary. The behavior of the transition lines near this QCP, at and away from the particle‐hole (p–h) symmetric point located at the Mott‐tip, is also discussed. The results obtained by using the CMF theory can be tested experimentally using the quantum gas microscopy method.
Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate Catalyzes the Dehydrocoupling of Phenylphosphine Borane to High Molar Weight Polymers
Authors: Schön Florian , Sigmund Lukas M. , Schneider Friederike , Hartmann Deborah , Wiebe Matthew A. , Manners Ian , Greb Lutz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh molar weight polyphosphinoboranes represent materials with auspicious properties, but their preparation requires transition metal‐based catalysts. Here, calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate is shown to induce the dehydropolymerization of phosphine boranes to high molar mass polyphosphinoboranes (up to Mn=43 000 Da). Combined GPC and 31P DOSY NMR spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical computations, and stoichiometric reactions disclose a P−H bond activation by the cooperative action of the square‐planar aluminate and the electron‐rich ligand framework. This first transition metal‐free catalyst for P−B dehydrocoupling overcomes the problem of residual d‐block metal impurities in the resulting polymers that might interfere with the reproducibility of the properties for this emerging class of inorganic materials.
Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of a Stable π‐Type 3‐Electron‐2‐Center‐Bonded Species: A Silicon Analogue of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Radical Anion
Authors: Koike Taichi , Osawa Raiki , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstractσ‐Type 3‐electron‐2‐center (3e‐2c) bonds have been extensively studied as one of the key bonding motifs in radical chemistry and some biological systems. “π‐Type 3e‐2c‐bonded species” that contain a 3e‐2c π‐bond without an underlying σ‐bond framework, however, have been unexplored so far both theoretically and experimentally. Herein, we report the synthesis of the first stable π‐type 3e‐2c‐bonded species, a silicon analogue of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane radical anion. This compound exhibits an extremely long bridgehead Si−Si bond (3.0638(8) Å) and a strong near‐IR absorption at 922 nm in solution which arises from a HOMO→SOMO [π(Si−Si)→π*(Si−Si)] transition. DFT calculations revealed a π‐type bonding interaction between the two bridgehead silicon atoms with an unpaired electron mainly delocalized across the corresponding π*‐type orbital, which introduces a novel bonding motif for constructing π‐electron systems.
Mesoporous Mn‐Se/Al2O3: A recyclable and reusable catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Zeng Yan , Chen Tian , Zhang Xu , Chen Ying , Zhou Hongwei , Yu Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMesoporous Mn‐Se/Al2O3 could be easily fabricated by calcining the selenium sources with the manganese and aluminum hydroxides. It was an efficient catalyst for alcohol oxidation using H2O2 as the clean oxidant, affording carbonyls in 58%–83% yields. The reaction of primary alcohols could produce aldehydes specifically, while no carboxylic acids were generated. The easily accessible features and low cost of Mn‐Se/Al2O3 may endow the material great potential in the industrial‐scale applications.
Prevalence Trends of Site‐Specific Osteoarthritis From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Long Huibin , Liu Qiang , Yin Heyong , Wang Kai , Diao Naicheng , Zhang Yuqing , Lin Jianhao , Guo Ai 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate systematic and anatomic site–specific age‐standardized prevalence rates (ASRs) and analyze the secular trends of osteoarthritis (OA) at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsData were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. ASRs and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to describe the secular trends of OA according to age group, sex, region, country, and territory, as well as the joints involved.ResultsGlobally, prevalent cases of OA increased by 113.25%, from 247.51 million in 1990 to 527.81 million in 2019. ASRs were 6,173.38 per 100,000 in 1990 and 6,348.25 per 100,000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.12% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.11%, 0.14%). The ASR of OA increased for the knee, hip, and other joints, but decreased for the hand, with EAPCs of 0.32 (95% CI 0.29, 0.34), 0.28 (95% CI 0.26, 0.31), 0.18 (95% CI 0.18, 0.19), and −0.36 (95% CI −0.38, −0.33), respectively. OA prevalence increased with age and revealed female preponderance, geographic diversity, and disparity with regard to anatomic site. OA of the knee contributed the most to the overall burden, while OA of the hip had the highest EAPC in most regions.ConclusionOA has remained a major public health concern worldwide over the past decades. The prevalence of OA has increased and diversified by geographic location and affected joint. Prevention and early treatment are pivotal to mitigating the growing burden of OA.
One‐Dimensional Organic Conjugated Polymers as Recyclable Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
Authors: Lei Zhexuan , Liu Yiming , Tong Yujie , Mo Yitian , Ma Yuguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic conjugated polymers with long‐range conjugation generally have strong light absorption capacity in the visible light region and impressive performance in charge transfer, which endows them great application potential in the field of opto‐electronic materials. However, there are few reports on their use in photocatalytic reactions. At present, it has been reported that a variety of donor‐acceptor (D−A) type organic dyes can be used in efficient organic photocatalytic transformations. We designed and synthesized one‐dimensional organic conjugated polymers pPhCzBP‐Th and pPhCzBP‐DTh with D−A structure, and proved that they are good heterogeneous photo‐redox catalysts, which can photocatalyze hydrodehalogenation reduction of α‐bromoacetophenone and its derivatives. Due to the strong reducibility of the excited state, pPhCzBP‐Th can also efficiently reduce α‐chloroacetophenone. Furthermore, by simply wrapping the catalyst powder, high‐efficient separation of products and catalysts recycling can be achieved.
Efficient Synthesis of Yellow‐Green Carbon Quantum Dots as a Sensitive Fluorescent Probe of Folic Acid
Authors: Jia Xin , Yin Chang‐Ling , Li Jing , Li Juan‐Rong , An Bao‐Li , Xu Jiaqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBright yellow‐green carbon quantum dots (YGCDs) have been successfully synthesized by a simple and efficient hydrothermal method. Their luminescent absolute quantum yield reached 30.0% in 4 h. Compared with commonly reported solvothermal methods, the synthesis time was reduced by more than 70% by using tin oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst. Moreover, the fluorescence of YGCDs could be selectively quenched by folic acid (FA) molecules, and the relative fluorescence intensities of F/F0 was fitted perfectly in line decay curve versus the concentration of FA in the range of 2.0×10−8 mol/l to 1.0×10−5 mol/l (R2=0.9988). The detection limit of FA was below 2.0×10−8 mol/l, suggesting a promising fluorescent probe of folic acid.
Differential effects of COVID‐related lockdown on sleep–wake rhythms in adults with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population
Authors: Reynaud Eve , Pottelette Julien , Rabot Juliette , Rolling Julie , Royant‐Parola Sylvie , Hartley Sarah , Coutelle Romain , Schröder Carmen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID‐related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines which are known to affect sleep. Compared to the general population, participants with autism may be particularly vulnerable to the repercussions of lockdown on sleep, given their intrinsic inflexible adherence to routines and the high overall prevalence of sleep disturbances in this population. The study is a French nation‐wide online survey assessing sleep–wake rhythms and behaviors known to affect sleep (daily screen time, daylight exposure, and physical activity), before and during COVID‐related lockdown. Respondents were 207 adults with autism (56% female) and 1652 adults of the general population (77% female), with a mean age 35.3 years (SD 11.3). Before lockdown, the adults with autism displayed on average later bedtime and waking hours, lower sleep quality, more evening screen time, less exposure to daylight, and less exercise (all p < 0.01). Lockdown affected all studied measures of sleep and related exposures in a similar way in both groups: poorer self‐rated sleep quality as well as a less regular and delayed sleep–wake rhythm, longer screen time in the evening and less exposure to daylight (all p < 0.001). Adults with autism displayed significantly higher levels of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances and less favorable daily routines known to regulate sleep. While the effect of confinement on sleep and sleep related behaviors was similar in both groups, the results highlight that the pre‐existing shift in circadian rhythms and lifestyles in adults with ASD further deteriorated during lockdown.Lay abstractCOVID‐related lockdown led to a radical modification of daily activities and routines known to affect sleep. In a sample of 1800 adults, we observed that, before lockdown, participants with autism displayed significantly higher levels of sleep disturbances and less favorable daily routines known to regulate sleep, compared to the general population. While the deleterious effect of lockdown on sleep was similar in both groups, pre‐existing difficulties in adults with autism reached worrying levels during lockdown.
Enzymatic synthesis of novel aromatic‐aliphatic polyesters with increased hydroxyl group density
Authors: Seithümmer Julia , Öztürk Melda , Wunschik Dennis S. , Prießen Joscha , Schultz Heyko J. , Dornbusch Michael , Gutmann Jochen S. , Hoffmann‐Jacobsen Kerstin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups are attractive materials which offer additional functionalization points in the polymer chain. In contrast to chemical polycondensation, lipase regioselectivity enables the synthesis of these materials as certain hydroxyl groups remain unaffected during the enzymatic process.Methods and Major ResultsIn this study, a combination of synthesis development and reactor design was used for the enzymatic synthesis of an aliphatic‐aromatic polyester with two different classes of pendant hydroxyl groups. Using 2,6‐bishydroxy(methyl)‐p‐cresol as diol in lipase catalyzed polycondensation with adipic acid required the addition of hexane diol as third monomer for polycondensation to take place. Reaction conditions were explored in order to identify the preferred reaction conditions for the incorporation of the aromatic diol and the enhancement of the hydroxyl group density. Post‐polymerization with glycerol at low temperature integrated additional aliphatic hydroxyl groups, reduced the polydispersity and increased the end group functionality.ConclusionA new material with aromatic building blocks and boosted polymer chain reactivity was obtained, which is suggested to find application in various areas of material development from coatings to adhesives.
Closing the loop through eco‐innovation by European firms: Circular economy for sustainable development
Authors: Triguero Ángela , Cuerva María C. , Sáez‐Martínez Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of environmental innovations towards a circular economy (CE) by the EU firms, with special focus on technological capabilities and external support. A multivariate probit model is specified to allow the distinction between three types of eco‐innovative practices: Reduce, Recycle, and Redesign technological processes. Using a novel taxonomy based upon the distinction between narrowing, closing, and slowing loops in the use of resources, we find that financial and technological capabilities are essential drivers for all types of CE actions in the European firms. Similar findings are found for the public funding support but only when the firms are recycling (closing resource loops) and redesigning (slowing resource loops). Knowledge from private companies (pecuniary mode) is relevant to Reduce and Recycle strategies. These two eco‐innovative practices are also shown in firms with a wide external knowledge network. Results also show that there is an inverted U‐shaped relation between the diversity of collaboration and the circular Redesign of products. The paper ends up with some implications for practitioners and policy makers.
Porphyrin in Prebiotic Catalysis: Ascertaining a Route for the Emergence of Early Metalloporphyrins**
Authors: Dagar Shikha , Sarkar Susovan , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal ions are known to catalyze certain prebiotic reactions. However, the transition from metal ions to extant metalloenzymes remains unclear. Porphyrins are found ubiquitously in the catalytic core of many ancient metalloenzymes. In this study, we evaluated the influence of porphyrin‐based organic scaffold, on the catalysis, emergence and putative molecular evolution of prebiotic metalloporphyrins. We studied the effect of porphyrins on the transition metal ion‐mediated oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ). We report a change in the catalytic activity of the metal ions in the presence of porphyrin. This was observed to be facilitated by the coordination between metal ions and porphyrins or by the formation of non‐coordinated complexes. The metal‐porphyrin complexes also oxidized NADH, underscoring its versatility at oxidizing more than one substrate. Our study highlights the selective advantage that some of the metal ions would have had in the presence of porphyrin, underscoring their role in shaping the evolution of protometalloenzymes.
Case of traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts coinciding with vertebral fracture
Authors: Tanaka Motoki , Touten Yoriko , Otani Yuichiro , Ito Masanori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, we report a case of traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPPs) coinciding with vertebral fracture. Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPPs) are rare complications of blunt chest trauma. These clinical images of CT, presenting here, seemed to be valuable because they show the process of pseudocyst formation.
Implant‐supported bar overdentures in patients treated surgically for head and neck cancer: Two case reports
Authors: Omeish Nadine , Pomes Benjamin , Citterio Hélène 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProsthetic rehabilitation of patients who have undergone head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery could be very challenging. The aim of this article is to present two HNC clinical cases rehabilitated with implant‐supported removable complete dental prosthesis with different types of CB.
Tuberculous pleuroperitonitis
Authors: Minamikawa Maki , Okazaki Akihito , Yoshida Naruo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn 83‐year‐old man was diagnosed with tuberculous pleuroperitonitis on a thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. It may be due to endogenous reactivation of the foci in the pleura and peritoneum. Thoracoscopy, which can be performed under local anesthesia, should be considered when both pleural effusion and ascites are present.