bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of ferroelectricity in sputtered HZO thin films by catalytically generated atomic hydrogen treatment
Authors: Mohit  , Wen Yuli , Hara Yuki , Migita Shinji , Ota Hiroyuki , Morita Yukinori , Ohdaira Keisuke , Tokumitsu Eisuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Effects of catalytically generated atomic hydrogen (Cat-H) treatment on electrical properties of 10 nm thick sputtered hafnium-zirconium-oxide (HZO) films have been investigated. It is demonstrated that the Cat-H treatment to the as-deposited sputtered HZO film is effective to stabilize the metastable ferroelectric orthorhombic phase after crystallization. The enhancement of ferroelectricity by the Cat-H treatment is observed for the sputtered HZO films crystalized at a reduced pressure of 100 Pa, nitrogen and air, and the enhancement is pronounced for the films crystallized in nitrogen and air ambient. In addition, it is found that the Cat-H treatment also improves the stability against re-annealing.
Ab initio study for orientation dependence of nitrogen incorporation at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces
Authors: Akiyama Toru , Shimizu Tsunashi , Ito Tomonori , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Chokawa Kenta , Shiraishi Kenji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The incorporation behavior of N atoms at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface is theoretically investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations. We find that the incorporation energy of N atoms at the Si-face interface is ranging from −1.87 to −1.12 eV, which is much higher than those at the C-face and m-face interfaces. Furthermore, the incorporation of O atoms of NO molecules at the Si-face interface leads to the desorption of N atoms as N2 molecules when the areal density of N atoms is larger than 3 × 1014 cm−2, while the incorporation of N atoms of NO molecules preferentially occurs on the C-face (m-face) interface until the areal density of N atoms is less than 2 × 1015 (1 × 1015) cm−2. The calculated results suggest that the difference in the reaction energies depending on the plane orientation and the competition between N-incorporation and N2 desorption are important for understandings of the atom-scale mechanism of N-incorporation behavior at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces.
Simulations of novel compact separator for extracting specific reactive ions from large plasma source
Authors: Kanki Takashi , Himura Haruhiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new remote dry processing with a focusing and deflection system is proposed to accurately control the energy, flux, and arrival position of reactive particle species on the nanoscale. The trajectory simulations of the negative ion extraction and transport for designing a compact separator based on the concept are performed using the SIMION software. In the compact separator, the ion beam extracted from a plasma source can be deflected in two stages through two pairs of magnets by selecting only specific ions so that it can be laterally drawn out. It is shown from the results of the simulation that the ion beams with good focusing properties, high directivity, and a sufficient current amount can be successfully extracted from the plasma source and transported to the reactor vessel through the focusing and deflection system.
Magnetic driven tentacles for bio-mimic motion
Authors: Murakami Toshiki , Tsumori Fujio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce our developed magnetically actuated artificial tentacles. Tentacles are found in nature, for example, in cuttlefish, octopus, and jellyfish. These natural tentacles have flexibility without skeletons or joints and can move in complex ways. In the present work, we propose an actuation system for the complicated motion of the tentacles and developed a method to fabricate an artificial tentacle composed of a silicone elastomer and hard magnetic particles. The present tentacles could be actuated and controlled by an applied rotating magnetic field. A 2-dimensional simulation system was also developed to predict the motion of the artificial tentacles. The simulated results showed good agreement with experimental data. Finally, an artificial tentacle was prepared to show that the tip of the structure was controlled to draw some motion. A periodic circular motion was demonstrated as an example.
Impacto clínico de un grupo de discusión multidisciplinaria en el diagnóstico de fibrosis pulmonar idiopática en Colombia
Authors: González Mauricio , Rincón-Alvarez Emily , Rodríguez-Cortés Camilo , Linares-Contreras Maria Fernanda , Durán-Silva Mauricio , Pérez-Alvarado Carolina , Mugnier-Quijano Jacqueline , Vargas-Ramírez Leslie 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: La fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPI) es una enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPID) de mal pronóstico, considerada huérfana en Colombia. Un diagnóstico correcto tiene implicaciones para el paciente y los costos de atención. Los grupos de discusión multidisciplinaria (GDM) se consideran el estándar de oro en el diagnóstico. No hay estudios previos en Colombia de la experiencia de un GDM.
Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de un GDM en una institución de 4° nivel en Bogotá en cambio de diagnóstico de pacientes con EPID y la concordancia entre el diagnóstico inicial y el diagnóstico final de FPI.
Materiales y métodos: Pacientes con EPID evaluados entre 2015-2018 por el GDM conformado por neumólogos, radiólogo, patólogo y reumatólogos. Criterios ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT de diagnóstico de FPI. Descripción del cambio en el diagnóstico y concordancia entre el diagnóstico inicial y del GDM en FPI.
Resultados: De 165 pacientes con EPID se cambió el diagnóstico en 35,2%. En 77,3% con diagnóstico inicial de FPI y en 6,7% con diagnóstico inicial diferente a FPI se confirmó FPI por el GDM. Al descartar FPI, los principales diagnósticos fueron neumonitis de hipersensibilidad en fase crónica (29,4%) y neumonía intersticial no específica (23,5%). El índice kappa entre el diagnóstico inicial y final de FPI fue 0,71 (0,60-0,82).
Conclusiones: El GDM en EPID tuvo un importante impacto clínico demostrado por un alto porcentaje de cambió del diagnóstico de remisión. Se descartó el diagnóstico inicial de FPI en un porcentaje significativo de pacientes y se ratificó en un grupo menor sin esta sospecha clínica inicial
Experiencia en diagnóstico de tuberculosis meníngea por pruebas moleculares comparado con cultivo en un hospital de alta complejidad en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Escobar Mera Maria Antonia , Aguilar Molina Oswaldo enrique , Vallejo sERNA Raúl Andrés , Valdez Moreno Miguel Alejandro , Martínez Buitrago Ernesto 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas de mayor distribución mundial y la tuberculosis meníngea es una de sus manifestaciones más devastadoras. Su diagnóstico y confirmación microbiológica no siempre es fácil.
Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis meníngea por pruebas moleculares comparado con cultivo, caracterizando las principales manifestaciones clínicas y determinar los factores asociados a mortalidad.
Métodos: Identificamos retrospectivamente a los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de tuberculosis meníngea, mediante técnicas de pruebas moleculares y/o cultivo para M. tuberculosis, que ingresaron en nuestra institución entre enero de 2018 y marzo de 2020, se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se excluyeron mujeres gestantes, pacientes que no contaran con prueba molecular para M. tuberculosis.
Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 33 pacientes, los hallazgos más relevantes en el citoquímico de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue la presencia de hipoglucorraquia, con una mediana de 34,2 mg/dl (RIQ 2,0-95,0 mg/dl) y de hiperproteinorraquia, con mediana de 265 mg/dl (RIQ 24,0-600 mg/dl). El resultado más significativo fue la presencia de proteína C reactiva elevada en suero en todos los casos, con una mediana de 53,3 mg/L (RIQ 22,9 - 89,6 mg/L) y neutrofilia en 75.8% (25). La mortalidad fue de 54.5% (18), la sensibilidad de la prueba molecular en LCR fue del 38,46% y el valor predictivo positivo de 58,82%.
Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de TB meníngea sigue siendo todo un reto, aunque las pruebas moleculares pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico temprano, su sensibilidad es baja en formas extrapulmonares.
Gender Disparities in Their Effects on Characteristics and Prognostics of Lung Cancer Patients in Pulmonary Ward of Dr. M Djamil Hospital, Padang
Authors: Ermayanti Sabrina , Afriani Afriani , Nikmawati Sari , Russilawati Russilawati , Medison Irvan , Suyastri Suyastri 
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung cancer incidence in female tends to increase in many countries. Various studies have reported the characteristics of lung cancer in female are different from male. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender on characteristics of lung cancer at Dr. M Djamil Hospital, Padang.Methods: A retrospective analytic study of lung cancer patients treated in the Pulmonary Ward of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2017, with recognized cancer cell types. Data were grouped according to gender.Results: This study found that 451 lung cancer patients, male-dominant 77.8%. Female were younger than male (52.97 ± 12.79 years vs. 57.81 ± 11.23 years; p = 0.00). Most of male (94.5%) were smokers and former smokers, while 93.9% of female were non-smokers (p = 0.00). Most female were having prior history of tuberculosis (TB) (21.2% vs 11.0%; p = 0.008) and also prior history of other organs cancer (10.1% vs 3.4%; p = 0.007) than in male. Squamous cells were highest in males (41.1%), while females had adenocarcinoma (55.0%); with p = 0.008. Advanced stage in female more than male (91.8% vs 82.7%; p = 0.027). The mean life expectancy of female was longer than male, respectively 8.74 ± 1.56 and 7.29 ± 0.64 months; (p = 0.95). Conclusion: There are differences in the epidemiology of lung cancer between male and female in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang in the form of age, cell type and staging. Non-smokers, a previous history of TB and a history of cancer in other organs were more dominant in female.
The Psychological Condition of Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Referral Hospital in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Said Asbath , Novianti Asri Dwi , Risky Sartini 
Published: March 2022

Background: A significant increase in positive cases in Indonesia has increased the number of health care personnel, nurses, and physicians who have been exposed to COVID-19, which creates a unique psychological burden for health professionals.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the psychological responses of health professionals and anxiety/depression in the hospital by using the Fear of COVID-19 scales and the Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale (HADS), respectively.
Methods: The method is quantitative with a cross-sectional survey approach using an online questionnaire. A total of 207 health professionals working at the COVID-19 referral hospital are selected as participants.
Results: The result of the Pearson correlation test showed that the highest fear level of health professionals against COVID-19 was 41.5 %, while the most anxiety and depression levels are at the usual level of 76.3 % and 60.4 %, respectively. There is a direct relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety and depression, with significant values of 0.000 and 0.026, respectively.
Conclusions: This research shows the significance of paying close attention to the psychological state of health professionals during a pandemic. As a result, the government must support their mental health by providing counselling with more accurate and up-to-date information.
Les Grandi Horrea d’Ostie
Authors: Boetto Giulia , Bukowiecki Évelyne , Monteix Nicolas , Rousse Corinne 
Published: March 2022

Insérés au sein de l’espace public défini à l’est de la zone du castrum républicain, les Grandi Horrea d’Ostie constituent l’un des plus grands entrepôts connus jusqu’à présent dans la cité portuaire et occupent la majeure partie d’un îlot urbain, entre le decumanus maximus et le Tibre. Cette contribution, après avoir rappelé l’histoire du monument, de son insertion dans le tissu urbain à sa fouille systématique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, propose de faire le point sur ce que nous connaissons des principales étapes de la vie du monument qui s’étale du premier quart du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. jusqu’au moins tout le IIIe siècle, et ce que nous pouvons restituer sur le fonctionnement technique de ces entrepôts. Dans ce cadre, une attention particulière a été portée sur le transport maritime des grains et le déchargement des bateaux, sur les manutentions à l’intérieur du bâtiment et les caractéristiques des aires de stockage, sur les techniques de conservation des grains et le calcul des capacités, et sur la gestion des entrepôts et la redistribution des denrées vers la ville.
Un document inédit sur le calcul des capacités de stockage des entrepôts : comparaison entre Rome et Venise
Authors: Da Gai Enrico , Vertecchi Giulia 
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution illustre la méthode de calcul de la capacité de stockage de l’entrepôt de Terra Nova à Venise selon les données fournies par un document inédit du 1788. Cette méthode se fondant sur un principe de géométrie et sur la physiologie du blé montre toute sa validité appliquée aussi au calcul de la capacité de stockage d’autres entrepôts comme celui de Clément XI à Rome.
COVID-19 Lockdown in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Bisi-Onyemaechi Adaobi I. , Aronu Ann E. , Chikani Ugo N. , Chime Pascal U. , Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi A. , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Ojinnaka Ngozi C. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the global economy and the public health systems of all affected countries.

Objectives:
To understand the challenges (health, cognitive, economic, and psychological) posed by the lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with chronic neurological disorders in Enugu, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A focused group discussion was done with seven caregiver-patient pairs while observing all precautionary measures. The responses of the participants were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.

Results:
There was limited access to physicians to review the children’s health, lack of money for medications with worsening of symptoms in some cases. Some children had forgotten what they had learnt during the previous academic period whereas others had torn their books. The policy imposed hunger on the households. Caregivers lost their jobs, and others had their businesses locked down and were unable to provide food. Children had access to cloth face masks but seldom adhered to its use. The participants were well adapted to handwashing. One participant had access to a hand sanitizer. The lockdown of worship centers conferred a sense of anger, frustration, and hopelessness among some of the participants.

Conclusion:
The lockdown affected access to health services, interrupted learning, superimposed hunger, and affected the social well-being of the study participants. It is recommended that locally adapted strategies be developed to mitigate unintended effects of health policies on sick children and their caregivers.
Pattern, Frequency, and Correlates of Seizure-Related Headache in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus Adikaibe , Nwazor Ernest , Onodugo Obinna Donatus , Okoye Innocent , Ekochin Fintan , Ijoma Uchenna N. , Ezeala-Adikaibe Ngozi P. , Mbadiwe Nkeiruka , Onodugo Nkiru Pauline , Orah-Okpala Chidimma 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The association of headache and epilepsy has long been recognized in clinical practice. Primary headache, especially migraine, is episodic and shares common genetic and pathologic pathways. Current definition of epilepsy underscores the impact of other neurologic comorbidities such as headache in the burden of epilepsy. There is a paucity of data on seizure-related headache in Nigeria.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern and correlates of seizure-related headache among people with epilepsy (PWE) attending medical outpatient clinics in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from the epilepsy register of PWE attending medical outpatient clinics in two teaching hospitals in Enugu. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

Results:
The overall prevalence of headache among PWE was 48% (73/152). A history of migraine was reported in 3 (2%) of the patients. The commonest form of headache was postictal headache 24 (15.8%). Preictal headache was reported by 16 (10.5%), out of which 4 (4.5%) were reported as possible auras. Headache pain was mainly aching 44 (60.3%) and generalized 41 (56.2%). Seizure-related headaches correlated with medical history of alcohol use (P = 0.04). Positive history of head injury and epilepsy-related head injury weakly correlated with having headache (P = 0.07), respectively.

Conclusion:
PWE often have seizure-related headaches. Such headaches occur mainly after seizures. Careful evaluation of PWE should include the burden and impact of headache in the lives of these patients.
World Health Organization’s Recommendation on Breastfeeding
Authors: Nduagubam Obinna C. , Bisi-Onyemaechi Adaobi I. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Onukwuli Vivian O. , Amadi Ogechukwu , Ogbuka Frank F. , Ezenwosu Osita , Iheji Chinonso 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) has made recommendations for breastfeeding. These recommendations are to promote proper breastfeeding practices, which are essential for improved child health and survival.

Objectives:
The study intended to determine the level of awareness of WHO breastfeeding recommendations among nursing mothers in Enugu and how awareness translates into practice.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was used to assess the awareness of WHO recommendations on breastfeeding and breastfeeding practices of mothers in Enugu, Nigeria.

Results:
Most (254; 64.1%) mothers have not heard about the WHO recommendation on breastfeeding; majority (81.1%) were aware of exclusive breastfeeding. Antenatal clinics are the commonest source of information on breastfeeding. Only 2.5% mothers intend to breastfeed for the duration recommended. Awareness of WHO recommendations was not associated with decision to breastfeed or frequency of breastfeeding. Younger mothers were less likely to be aware of the recommendation (P = 0.007, OR = 0.559, 95% CI = 0.366–0.851), while antenatal care attendance was associated with increased awareness (P = 0.002, OR = 10.389, 95% CI = 2.439–44.262). Maternal education affected breastfeeding frequency only.

Conclusion:
Significant gaps exist in awareness of the WHO recommendations on breastfeeding among mothers in Enugu, Nigeria.
Pediatric “Brought in Dead”
Authors: Ndu Ikenna K. , Edelu Benedict O. , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Ogbuka Frank N. , Asinobi Isaac N. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Information obtained from the “brought in dead” (BID) cases is important in understanding the challenges in seeking health care and help in policy making.

Objective:
This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of children presenting to Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu as BID and probable causes of death.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was conducted in the Children Emergency Room (CHER) of ESUTH. Information from all cases of BID children presenting to the CHER of ESUTH between May 2016 and April 2020 was recorded in a register after the confirmation of death. A probable diagnosis was made by verbal autopsy. Data were entered and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (Chicago, IL). Results were presented as tables, bar chart, and prose.

Results:
There were 124 cases of BID, accounting for 2.2% of the total presentations and 43.1% of the mortalities. Their ages ranged from one month to 192 months, with a median age of 12 months. Majority (61, 49.2%) of the dead children were infants. There was an almost equal sex distribution with 63 males and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Probable causes of death included acute gastroenteritis (AGE), severe anemia, sepsis, acute encephalitic syndrome, and aspiration. None of the cases was referred from a health facility. There was a bimodal peak for the annual presentation (January and October). Most of the presentations were during the day (86, 69.4%). None of the parents gave consent for autopsy.

Conclusion:
The rate of children dying before receiving health care in our hospital is high; there is an urgent need for continuous mass mobilization within the communities to improve the health-seeking behaviors, and also to teach them to recognize danger signs in children.
Tuberculin Conversion Rate after BCG Vaccination of Apparently Healthy Infants in a Resource-Poor Setting
Authors: Enemuo Eziamaka J. , Iloh Kenechukwu Kosisochukwu , Ubesie Agozie C. , Okafor Henrietta U. , Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Although Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine remains one of the most important public health preventive measures against tuberculosis (TB), the presence of a BCG scar may not imply an immune response. Tuberculin reactivity after BCG vaccination has been the most common measure of the effect of the BCG vaccine. Post-vaccination BCG-induced tuberculin reactivity ranges from no induration to an induration diameter of 15 mm. However, tuberculin conversion in infants is usually about 10 mm in more than 90% of infants tested at 12 weeks post-vaccination age.

Objective:
This study sought to assess the tuberculin conversion rate after BCG vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Two hundred and eighty (280) infants aged 13 to 15 weeks who received BCG vaccination within one month of birth were enrolled. The BCG scar diameter was measured, and Mantoux test was done. Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20 (Chicago Il).

Results:
Among the 280 BCG-vaccinated infants, tuberculin conversion rate was 64%, whereas scar failure rate was 28.9%. Overall, 75.9% of infants with a BCG scar had a positive Mantoux test. The BCG-vaccinated infants with a BCG scar were about six times more likely to have a tuberculin conversion than those without a BCG scar (OR =5.641, 95% C.I = 3.227 to 9.859).

Conclusion:
There was a 64% conversion rate among the BCG-vaccinated infants. The presence of the BCG scar correlated well with the tuberculin conversion rate.