bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Amino Acid Enables Scalable Fabrication of High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules with Areas over 300 cm2
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Liu Xuanling , Zhong Han , Wu Zhihao , Chen Hao , Su Jiazheng , Xu Youcheng , Wang Xuanyu , Li Xin , Lin Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUpscaling large‐area formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been considered as one of the most promising routes for the commercial applications of this rising photovoltaics technology. Here, a natural amino acid, phenylalanine (Phe), is introduced to regulate the nucleation and crystal growth process of the large‐scale coating of FA‐based perovskite films. Better film coverage and larger grain sizes are observed after adding Phe. Moreover, it is found that Phe can effectively passivate defects within perovskite films and suppress the nonradiative recombination due to the strong interaction with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions in the perovskite films. Rigid PSCs based on the blade‐coated perovskite films containing Phe obtain a champion efficiency of 21.95%. The corresponding unencapsulated devices also exhibit excellent ambient stability, retaining 95% of their initial efficiencies after storage in the glovebox at 20 °C for 1000 h. Further, the strategy is applied to fabricate flexible PSCs and modules on polyethylene terephthalate/indium doped tin oxide substrates via slot‐die coating. Phe modified flexible devices achieve outstanding efficiencies of 20.21%, 12.1%, and 11.2% with aperture areas of 0.10, 185, and 333 cm2, respectively. The strategy here has paved a promising way for the large‐scale production of flexible PSCs.
Pressure‐Tailored Self‐Driven and Broadband Photoresponse in PbI2
Authors: Li Zonglun , Li Quanjun , Li Haiyan , Tian Fuyu , Du Mingyang , Fang Sixue , Liu Ran , Zhang Lijun , Liu Bingbing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotoelectric devices based on the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect show promising prospects for broadband detection without an external power supply. However, effective strategies are still required to regulate the conversion efficiency of light to heat and electricity. Herein, significantly enhanced photoresponse properties of PbI2 generated from a PTE mechanism via a high‐pressure strategy are reported. PbI2 exhibits a stable, fast, self‐driven, and broadband photoresponse at ≈980 nm. Intriguingly, the synergy of the photoconductivity and PTE mechanism is conducive to enhancing the photoelectric properties, and extending the detection bandwidth to the optical communication waveband (1650 nm) with an external bias. The dramatically enhanced photoresponse characteristics are attributed to narrowing of the band gap and a significantly decreased resistance, which originate from the enhancement of atomic orbital overlap owing to pressure‐induced Pb‐I bond contraction. These findings open up a new avenue toward designing self‐driven and broadband photoelectric devices.
Intergenerational income mobility and economic freedom
Authors: Callais Justin T. , Geloso Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have found that income inequality reduces the chances of upward relative mobility (i.e., climbing up the income ladder). However, most of this work ignores the role played by institutional quality (namely, economic freedom) in determining mobility and increasing the individual's set of choices. We fill this gap by empirically testing the direct and indirect (through economic growth) impacts of economic freedom on intergenerational income mobility. We find that economic freedom has both direct and indirect effects on intergenerational income mobility, while income inequality is a strong predictor of downward income mobility. When we incorporate findings about the purely mechanical relationship between inequality and intergeneration income mobility, we find that the legal system and property rights component of economic freedom matters more than inequality. These results suggest that good institutions can increase intergenerational income mobility.
Correlates of peer classroom connectedness among undergraduate women in STEM
Authors: Huber Kayla A. , Baker Majel R. , Nelson Pascalle A. , Frazier Patricia A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWomen are underrepresented in physical science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM) at the undergraduate level and beyond, and there is mounting evidence that such disparities are driven by cultural and environmental influences. This study explored one underresearched environmental context—perceptions of peer connectedness within the STEM classroom—and its concurrent and longitudinal relations with outcomes of importance for undergraduate women in pSTEM, including academic major self‐efficacy, belongingness in their major, belongingness at the university, STEM interests, and course grade. First‐ and second‐year women (N = 258) who were interested in majoring in a pSTEM field self‐selected to participate in a longitudinal study across two semesters. Students' perceptions of peer connectedness in their STEM classroom had positive concurrent and longitudinal relations with academic self‐efficacy, major belonging, and university belonging (but not interest in STEM or course grade). In longitudinal analyses that controlled for earlier levels of the outcome variables, perceived peer connectedness in the classroom was also associated with greater feelings of belonging in the major the following semester, but not with self‐efficacy, university belonging, or STEM interest. These results suggest that, by fostering connections among students in the classroom, instructors may be able to increase women STEM students' broader sense of belonging within their majors.
The synthesis, mechanisms, and additives for bio‐compatible polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: A review on current advances, trends, and future outlook
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Zeyu , Li Manni , Yin Zhengliang , Butt Hassaan Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVinyl polymers are widely used in biological, textile and industrial applications and are currently attracting research attention for specialized bio‐based applications. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels show great advantages as a material with high biocompatibility, permeability, hydrophilicity, and low‐friction coefficient, allowing applications as smart materials, wound dressings, and flexible sensors. However, the poor mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels and biocompatibility less than natural polymers make them unsuitable in practical applications. Additives are often added to PVA hydrogels to enhance mechanical properties, endow more compatibility, functionality and expand their application range. Among them, bio‐additives such as nanocellulose, natural polysaccharides and proteins are biodegradable, biocompatible, and inexpensive, broadening their applications in the biomedical and tissue engineering fields. This work reviews the synthesis of PVA hydrogels, methods to enhance their mechanical properties, types of bio‐additives incorporated for biocompatibility, their mechanism of interaction with PVA and future prospects of PVA composite bio‐hydrogels for application in various fields. Representative cases are carefully selected and discussed with regard to their composition and pros and cons are discussed. Finally, future requirements, as well as the opportunities and challenges of these bio‐additives for improving the multifunctionality of PVA hydrogels are also presented.
Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of (SIDipp)AsK – A NHC‐arsinidenyl compound
Authors: Gottschling Hannah M. , Balmer Markus , Richter Roman‐Malte , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, the characterization and reactivity of the metalated arsinidenyl (SIDipp)AsK (1 a) is described. This compound was obtained via deprotonation of the saturated “parent arsinidene” (SIDipp)AsH (1) with the strong base benzyl potassium and appears as pyrophoric, insoluble, red solid. The ability of crown ethers to improve the solubility of metal compounds through complex formation has been used to obtain crystals of (SIDipp)AsK. Thus, the crown ether complex [K(18‐crown‐6)(SIDipp)As] (1 b) was characterized as the first of its kind by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, (SIDipp)AsK was treated with di‐tert‐butylchloropnictogens (tBu2ECl, E=P, As, Sb, Bi) to give the interpnictogen compounds of the type (SIDipp)AsEtBu2 (2–5) with low valent arsenic substituents.
Conclusion: What We Have Learnt From Multidisciplinary Views on Human Flourishing
Authors: Bosch María José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWellbeing and flourishing are two interconnected concepts. Usually both are studied from just one discipline. In this book we combine research from academics look to combine the evidence on how flourishing has an impact and is influenced by health, art, entrepreneurship, and work life, among other factors. These influences and impact can be categorized in three groups. First, the interconnection with the self that is how we construction the image of ourselves impacts how we interpret and perceive different stimuli or experiences, and this has an impact on our flourishing. Second, the interconnection with others impacts the relationship we build with them, and this relationship impacts our flourishing. Finally, the interconnection with the environment shows us that being aware of the impact that our behaviors and traditions the environment can foster behaviors and changes that look to promote flourishing.
In Pursuit of Eudaimonia: Past Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Ryff Carol D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEudaimonic well-being builds on the writings of Aristotle and integrates contemporary theories of positive psychological functioning. The empirically operationalization is detailed, emphasizing the importance of rigorous psychometric evaluation. Scientific advances of this model of well-being are noted, showing links to sociodemographic factors, experiences in work and family life, and health outcomes. Three future directions for research are considered. The first addresses growing problems of socioeconomic inequality and their role in undermining the opportunities of disadvantaged segments of society to experience eudaimonia. These problems have now been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted those who were already vulnerable. The second new direction examines the role of the arts and humanities as factors that nurture eudaimonic well-being. Whether the arts can activate needed compassion and caring among the privileged is also considered. The third new direction examines the intersection of entrepreneurial studies with eudaimonic well-being. Conventional conceptions of entrepreneurial success focus on business profits; a case is made that eudaimonia, of the entrepreneur as well as his/her employees and surrounding communities, constitute further measure of success that elevate issues of virtue, morality, and ethics.
Revising Policy to Reflect Our Better Nature
Authors: Aknin Lara B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGovernments should help citizens thrive, not merely survive. Doing so means alleviating stress and addressing mental illness, as well as amplifying positive experiences and emotions that allow humans to blossom and grow. But what factors support human flourishing? In this chapter, I challenge early pessimistic views of human nature as purely selfish by summarizing evidence demonstrating that humans are social and prosocial beings. Critically, I discuss how social and prosocial behavior have been repeatedly shown to promote well-being, a finding that aligns with numerous theories espousing that meaningful social connections are the essential feature to human flourishing (Ryff and Singer, Personality and Social Psychology Review 4(1):30–44, 2000). Using these insights, I suggest that institutions should revise their policies to mirror and inspire human proclivities to connect and care.
Forgiveness in Human Flourishing
Authors: Toussaint Loren , Worthington Everett L. , Webb Jon R. , Wilson Colwick , Williams David R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the association between forgiveness and flourishing. We begin by identifying what forgiveness and flourishing are. We then move to considering conceptual models as well as evidence supporting the connection between forgiveness and flourishing. An early model of the forgiveness and mental health relationship offers a beginning in this regard. Next, we examine the stress-and-coping models of forgiveness of oneself and others. The final model is the scaffolding self and social systems model of forgiveness and subjective well-being. These models offer multiple vantage points from which to consider the forgiveness-flourishing connection. Limitations to these models and to the current state of knowledge on forgiveness and flourishing are highlighted, especially the limits to comprehensive assessment of flourishing in the extant literature. Conclusions and future directions for studying and promoting flourishing in people of different religious affiliation, cultures, countries, and life-circumstances are discussed in closing.
Concluding Reflections on Europe in the Age of Post-truth Politics
Authors: Hálfdanarson Guðmundur , Conrad Maximilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the book’s concluding reflections and argues that the contributors to this volume are in general agreement on the detrimental effects of that post-truth politics can have on European democracies, but that this does not necessarily mean that democracy is doomed. The challenges posed by the post-truth era have also triggered resistance among various governmental agencies and international organisations. Recent experience from COVID-19 shows that on the one hand a small group of populist activists have been fairly successful in stoking some people’s fears of vaccines and their opposition to various mitigation measures, casting doubt on the scientific information provided by health experts. On the other hand, some commentators have predicted that the pandemic spells the end of the post-truth era. As the conditions for post-truth politics remain, it would be premature to declare the demise of post-truth politics any time soon. At the same time, as support for populist political parties has stagnated or even declined in recent European elections, there is hope that the tide has been stemmed at least for the time being.
Claiming Authority Over ‘Truths’ and ‘Facts’: Information Risk Campaigns to Prevent Irregular Migration
Authors: Brändle Verena K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chapter discusses the role of governments’ information campaigns for irregular migrants within the current post-truth context. The chapter argues that with such campaigns, governments claim authority over the ‘truths’ and ‘facts’ of irregular migration. While the campaign messages are presented as reliable information, information from other actors are more likely regarded as rumours or misinformation.
Fast and Robust Estimation of Atmospheric Phase Screens Using C-Band Spaceborne SAR and GNSS Calibration
Authors: Manzoni Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, a growing interest has been observed in the field of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) meteorology. The atmosphere has always been seen as a disturbance in interpreting interferograms (the output product of InSAR processing). A space-borne radar, however, can sense the refractive index of the medium it travels. The refractive index, in turn, is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air. Therefore, SAR data contains information about the atmosphere’s status and can be exploited by Numerical Weather Prediction Models (NWPM) as additional information to improve weather forecasts. This chapter investigates a fast and robust method for generating the so-called Atmospheric Phase Screens (APS) from InSAR data. The method exploits both Permanent Scatterers (PS) and Distributed Scatterers (DS) in an optimal way leading to wide and dense APS maps. When operating at large scales, it is also mandatory to calibrate the data using a network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The calibration can remove the so-called Orbital Phase Screens (OPS) that otherwise severely corrupt the atmospheric measurements. Results using real data acquired by the European Sentinel-1 mission show the potential of InSAR meteorology to provide valuable data to improve weather forecasts.
Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging with SiPMs Readout of Scintillators: Front-End Electronics and Position Sensitivity Algorithms
Authors: Buonanno Luca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is an introductory article to the topics more widely discussed in the PhD thesis from the same author. Following a short introduction and the motivations for researching innovative gamma-ray detector systems, this article describes a novel 85 dB dynamic range per channel integrated circuit for SiPM charge signal readout, named GAMMA, and the custom FPGA-based readout system. Experimental results presented in this article, obtained using a planar array of NUV-HD SiPMs, encompass the single-photon sensitivity achieved by GAMMA ASIC and the 2.6% resolution at the 137Cs peak emission energy of 662 keV, when using GAMMA ASIC to collect current signal from a detector array that is coupled to a LaBr3 scintillation crystal. Pixellation of the detector matrix allows for coarse position of interaction sensitivity in the scintillation crystal using machine learning reconstruction algorithms.
Arms and the Armed: The Evocative Ritual Language in Val Camonica Rock Art
Authors: Priuli Ausilio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDepictions of weapons and of armed human figures in Camunianand Alpinerock art are common, particularly after the advent of metalwork and especially beginning with the Copper Age. They are found on monuments and on rocks, as can be seen clearly in the megalithic sanctuaries featuring stelae, anthropomorphic stelae, and statues-menhir, as well as in the most significant Alpine spiritual centers and elsewhere, such as Val Camonica (It. Valle Camonica, Lo. Al Camònega), Mount Bego (Mont Bégo), Val Tellina, and Monte Baldo, on the Veroneseshore of Lake Garda (Lago di Garda). Depictions of weapons are important for the chronological and cultural placement of the engraved complexes; the depictions of armed human figures that dominate some Alpine engraving sets are no less important. That is particularly the case in Val Camonica and Val Tellina, over a very long period of time running from the Bronze Age up to the Iron Age and even into prehistoric times. The depictions of men holding weapons—in a wide variety of stylistic, iconographic, and compositional arrangements, and belonging to many different periods and stages of engraving—represent a ritual language that was used at the very time the pictures were being created. They are an evocative language that commemorated, revived, and spoke of mythical forefathers, ancestral heroes, departed warriors, founders of communities, and indeed anyone who played an important role in the past and became an object of worship. The ritual gesture of depicting them might have served the ritual function not only of commemoration but of calling their presence back from the past into the community in times of particular need.
Masters Through the Ages: Interpretation of a Renaissance Martial Art System and the Foundation of a Modern School
Authors: Penso Jacopo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the modern experience and process of reconstructing a five-hundred-year-old martial art (the Renaissance arte delle armi) from the study of extant sources and materials, mainly treatises and weapons of the time, for the understanding and practice of motions and embodied concepts. The approaches, methods, and praxis will be analyzed, exploring the delicate operation of reconstructing a martial art system from written words. Among the masters of the past, this experience focuses on the teaching of Master Achille Marozzo from Bologna, who published his treatise on fighting, Opera Nova, in 1536. Today, the Opera Nova School brings back to life this art of the past through its ongoing research and teaching, thanks to a complex and syncretic approach that condenses a wide range of information and experiences into contemporary practice. In this paper, I discuss the example of the two-handed sword discipline. The fixed sequences of codified moves, the assalti or forms, are the precious teachings provided by the historical source, which form the basis for modern interpretation. Through cycles of theoretical comprehension and practical application, it is possible to grasp the complexity of a martial art system, giving new life to an ageless art.
Dialogue with Roberto Gotti: An Initial Foray into Comparing Chinese and Italian Two-Handed Sword Methods
Authors: Chao Hing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSword culture is a complex phenomenon that encompasses the dimensions of sword-making and polishing, sword appreciation, technical skills associated with the use of the sword, i.e., swordsmanship, as well as the written and oral traditions related to the transmission of fencing. In recent years, this diverse heritage in China and Italy has drawn increasing attention from both professional scholars and the historical martial art community. However, efforts to directly compare Asian and European historical fencing and sword culture are extremely rare. Written in the form of a dialogue with the pioneering researcher Maestro Roberto Gotti, who has been at the forefront of reconstructing Renaissance Italian martial arts for the past two decades, this study is an initial foray to compare Chinese and Italian two-handed sword traditions of the early modern period (circa1400–1630). At the same time, the author recognizes the inherent challenges to such an undertaking, such as the fact Italian and Chinese martial arts have come down to us in very different states. While Chinese martial arts continue to be practiced as a living art, Italian martial arts have mainly survived in written form. On the other hand, notwithstanding the difficulties in interpretation, Italy has preserved far more documents from which contemporary scholars may seek to uncover the past. At the same time, there are numerous differences in the way fencing knowledge was recorded, which creates an additional layer of complexity for cross-cultural comparison. In summary, considering all the difficulties inherent in this research, the findings presented here are tentative and meant to stimulate discussion and further research—no more than “throwing a stone to attract jade” as the Chinese saying goes—rather than serve as a definitive comparative statement of Chinese and Italian swordsmanship. The reader is encouraged to read Gotti’sThe Dynamic Sphere: Thesis on the Third State ofthe Vitruvian Manand the reply to this study, jointly written by Gotti and Penso (appended to the end of this chapter), in order to form a more complete view of the dialogue.