bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Exploring the Local Scaling Relations for N/O
Authors: Schaefer Adam L. , Tremonti Christy , Kauffmann Guinevere , Andrews Brett H. , Bershady Matthew A. , Boardman Nicholas F. , Bundy Kevin , Drory Niv , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Preece Holly P. , Riffel Rogério , Riffel Rogemar A. , Sánchez Sebastián F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present, for the first time, the relationship between local stellar mass surface density, Σ*, and N/O derived from SDSS-IV MaNGA data, using a sample of 792,765 high signal-to-noise ratio star-forming spaxels. Using a combination of phenomenological modeling and partial correlation analysis, we find that Σ* alone is insufficient to predict the N/O in MaNGA spaxels and that there is an additional dependence on the local star formation rate surface density, ΣSFR. This effect is a factor of 3 stronger than the dependence of 12+log(O/H) on ΣSFR. Surprisingly, we find that the local N/O scaling relations also depend on the total galaxy stellar mass at fixed Σ* and the galaxy size at fixed stellar mass. We find that more compact galaxies are more nitrogen rich, even when Σ* and ΣSFR are controlled for. We show that ∼50% of the variance of N/O is explained by the total stellar mass and size. Thus, the evolution of nitrogen in galaxies is set by more than just local effects and does not simply track the buildup of oxygen in galaxies. The precise form of the N/O–O/H relation is therefore sensitive to the sample of galaxies from which it is derived. This result casts doubt on the universal applicability of nitrogen-based strong-line metallicity indicators derived in the local universe.
Constraining Black Hole Natal Kicks with Astrometric Microlensing
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Kalogera Vicky 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that neutron stars receive large kicks when formed from the remnant of a collapsing star. However, the evidence for whether black holes (BHs) receive natal kicks is less clear, reliant on weak constraints from the analysis of BH X-ray binaries and massive runaway and walkaway stars. Here we show, for the first time, that recent microlensing detections offer a new method for measuring the kicks BHs receive at birth. When a BH is identified through both photometric and astrometric microlensing and when the lensed star has a known distance and proper motion, the mass, distance, and proper motion of the BH can be determined. We study the runaway velocities for components of eccentric binaries disrupted during a supernova (SN), finding the peculiar velocity correlates strongly with the kick a BH received at birth, typically within 20%, even when the natal kick is smaller than the orbital velocity. Therefore, by measuring the peculiar velocity of a BH or other compact object that formed from a binary which disrupted during core collapse, we are in effect measuring the natal kick that object received. We focus on MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462, an isolated, single BH detected by microlensing, and consider a range of possible formation scenarios, including its formation from the disruption of a binary during a SN event. We determine that MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 has a Milky Way orbit consistent with a thick-disk population, but if it was formed within the kinematic thin disk it received a natal kick ≲100 km s−1.
Mixing the Solar Wind Proton and Electron Scales. Theory and 2D-PIC Simulations of Firehose Instability
Authors: López R. A. , Micera A. , Lazar M. , Poedts S. , Lapenta G. , Zhukov A. N. , Boella E. , Shaaban S. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Firehose-like instabilities (FIs) are cited in multiple astrophysical applications. Of particular interest are the kinetic manifestations in weakly collisional or even collisionless plasmas, where these instabilities are expected to contribute to the evolution of macroscopic parameters. Relatively recent studies have initiated a realistic description of FIs, as induced by the interplay of both species, electrons and protons, dominant in the solar wind plasma. This work complements the current knowledge with new insights from linear theory and the first disclosures from 2D-PIC simulations, identifying the fastest growing modes near the instability thresholds and their long-run consequences on the anisotropic distributions. Thus, unlike previous setups, these conditions are favorable to those aperiodic branches that propagate obliquely to the uniform magnetic field, with (maximum) growth rates higher than periodic, quasi-parallel modes. Theoretical predictions are, in general, confirmed by the simulations. The aperiodic electron FI (a-EFI) remains unaffected by the proton anisotropy, and saturates rapidly at low-level fluctuations. Regarding the FI at proton scales, we see a stronger competition between the periodic and aperiodic branches. For the parameters chosen in our analysis, the aperiodic proton FI (a-PFI) is excited before than the periodic proton FI (p-PFI), with the latter reaching a significantly higher fluctuation power. However, both branches are significantly enhanced by the presence of anisotropic electrons. The interplay between EFIs and PFIs also produces a more pronounced proton isotropization.
Electron Acceleration by Moderate-Mach-number Low-β Shocks: Particle-in-Cell Simulations
Authors: Yu Chunkai , Yang Zhongwei , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Zheng Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Particle acceleration is ubiquitous at shock waves, occurring on scales ranging from supernova remnants in the universe to coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks and planetary bow shocks in the heliosphere. The most promising mechanism responsible for the almost universally observed power-law spectra is diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). However, how electrons are preaccelerated by different shocks to the energy required by the DSA theory is still unclear. In this paper, we perform two-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations to investigate how the magnetic field orientations, with respect to simulation planes, affect electron preacceleration in moderate-Mach-number low-
β
shocks. Simulation results show that instabilities can be different as the simulation planes capture different trajectories of particles. For magnetic fields perpendicular to the simulation plane, electron cyclotron drift instability dominates in the foot. Electrons can be trapped by the electrostatic wave and undergo shock-surfing acceleration. For magnetic fields lying in the simulation plane, whistler waves produced by modified two-stream instability dominate in the foot and scatter the electrons. In both cases, electrons undergo multistage acceleration in the foot, shock surface, and immediate downstream, during which process shock-surfing acceleration takes place as part of the preacceleration mechanism in moderate-Mach-number quasi-perpendicular shocks.
Eruption of the Envelope of Massive Stars by Energy Injection with Finite Duration
Authors: Ko Takatoshi , Tsuna Daichi , Takei Yuki , Shigeyama Toshikazu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A significant fraction of supernovae show signatures of dense circumstellar material (CSM). While multiple scenarios for creating a dense CSM exist, mass eruption due to injection of energy at the base of the outer envelope is a likely possibility. We carry out radiation hydrodynamical simulations of eruptive mass loss from a typical red supergiant progenitor with an initial mass of 15 M
⊙, for the first time focusing on the timescale of the injection as well as energy. We find that not only sufficient injection energy but also sufficient rate of energy injection per unit time, L
min ∼ 8 × 1040 erg s−1 in this particular model, is required for eruption of unbound CSM. This result suggests that the energy injection rate needs to be greater than the binding energy of the envelope divided by the dynamical timescale for the eruption. The density profile of the resulting CSM, whose shape was analytically and numerically predicted in the limit of instantaneous energy injection, similarly holds for a finite injection timescale. We discuss our findings in the framework of proposed mass outburst scenarios, specifically wave-driven outbursts and common-envelope ejection.
Detection of Radio Thermal Emission from the Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth during the New Horizons Encounter
Authors: Bird M. K. , Linscott I. R. , Tyler G. L. , Umurhan O. M. , Beyer R. A. , Grundy W. M. , Lisse C. M. , Hinson D. P. , Pätzold M. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin C. B. , Young L. A. , Spencer J. R. , Singer K. N. , Moore J. M. , Gladstone G. R. , DeBoy C. C. , Vincent M. , Porter S. B. ,   The New Horizons Science Team
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The New Horizons spacecraft encountered the Kuiper Belt object (KBO) Arrokoth (486958), originally designated as 2014 MU69 and formerly called “Ultima Thule,” on 2019 January 01. At 43.3 au from the Sun and 44.4 au from Earth, this was the most distant spacecraft reconnaissance of a solar system body to date. The Radio Science Experiment (REX) on New Horizons performed radiometry measurements of the KBO's thermal emission at λ = 4.2 cm in two observation slots, one before (dayside) and one after (nightside) the point of closest approach. Owing to the small size of the target, the intensity of the thermal emission was expected to be only marginally detectable. The KBO was not detected on approach because of unexpectedly large variations in the REX system temperature. A brightness temperature T

b
= 29 ± 5 K was derived for the nightside observation, considerably less than the predicted equilibrium temperature of ∼50 K derived for Arrokoth on the dayside. A model explaining this day−night contrast is used to constrain the global values of emissivity, thermal inertia, and electrical skin depth of the KBO. In particular, models with small values of thermal inertia and small values of electrical skin depth are excluded. Relatively high values of the effective radio emissivity (E
eff > 0.8) provide better agreement with the REX observation.
Relationship between cardiovascular health status and attitudes towards responsibility for health
Authors: Raevschi Elena , Grib Liviu , Penina Olga , Obreja Galina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Current concerns of medical scientific research show an increasing interest in the field of individual and community level health promotion based on health responsibility approaches. Achieving and maintaining cardiovascular health of individuals has a significant impact on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease at population level.
Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the cardiovascular health from a forward-looking perspective on health responsibility in order to improve attitudes approaches.
Materials and methods: The study is a cross-sectional community survey with multistage sampling. A validated questionnaire was used and filled up by the participating physicians. Cardiovascular health was measured using the cardiovascular health metrics categories according the definition of the American Heart Association.
Results: A total of 2,612 respondents (mean age 56.83±13.8 years, range 18 to 92 years, 34.8% male) were included into the study. The scores of cardiovascular health and its subscales of participants free of cardiovascular disease were found to be significantly higher (p&lt;0.001), with the exception of health behaviours subscale scores (p=0.922). However, health behaviour subscale scores for personal attitudes approaches towards responsibility for health were found to be significantly higher in comparison to social (p&lt;0.001) and undecided approaches (p&lt;0.001).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that a population free of cardiovascular disease is not likely to engage in health behaviours to prevent the onset of the disease, appearing willing to improve their behaviours after acquiring the disease. Further studies are needed to account for the efficacy interventions focusing on individual’s motivation to assume personal responsibility for behaviours affecting their health.
Pour une histoire de la langue berbère dans sa diversité et sa complexité
Authors: Ould-Braham Ouahmi , Souag Lameen 
Published: May 2022

Le berbère est une langue vivante pratiquée dans le nord de l’Afrique ; elle a fait l’objet de travaux linguistiques remarquables. Cependant comparativement aux études portant sur la langue actuelle, les états anciens de la langue en ont beaucoup moins bénéficié, pas plus qu’on n’ait tenté une approche historique globale du berbère d’une manière approfondie. Dans le but de rétablir un équilibre et de pallier une lacune, nous avons proposé courant 2020 et 2021 d’organiser deux rencontres scientifiques réunissant des chercheurs dans plusieurs spécialités : linguistique historique, humanités classiques et médiévales, histoire, archéologie, anthropologie, génétique des populations. Ce qui a permis de faire un état des lieux des ressources disponibles, de fixer des priorités sur l’analyse des sources documentaires ainsi que la linguistique historique, tout en créant des conditions de débats fructueux entre chercheurs.
Fit for 55: Is the Social Climate Fund Fit from an Energy Justice Perspective?
Authors: Bülbül Eda 
Published: May 2022

En juillet 2021, la Commission européenne (CE) a proposé d’étendre le système d’échange de quotas d’émission aux secteurs du bâtiment et des transports, dans le cadre du package Fit for 55. Dans le cadre de ce dernier, la CE a également introduit le Fonds social pour le climat (FSC) afin d’atténuer l’impact des initiatives liées à Fit for 55 sur les consommateurs vulnérables. Cet article vise à déterminer si le Fonds social pour le climat peut répondre aux besoins associés à Fit for 55. Tout d’abord, nous utiliserons les trois principes du cadre de justice énergétique (Energy Justice Framework) pour analyser l’impact de Fit for 55. Ensuite, nous présenterons le FSC et les défis à relever pour répondre à l’impact identifié. Enfin, nous proposerons trois solutions visant à améliorer la mise en œuvre du Fonds social pour le climat impliquant : a) une meilleure compréhension de la « transition juste » ; b) une plus grande implication des gouvernements locaux dans la mise en œuvre du Fonds social pour le climat ; et c) un rôle accru de la société civile visant à cibler et à inclure les groupes les plus vulnérables.
Smart City: The Modern Tool That, in Nuce, Expresses All the Features of the European Green New Deal
Authors: Mocchegiani Sofia 
Published: May 2022

Dans cet article, nous tâcherons d’analyser le « Green New Deal Européen », ses caractéristiques et son avènement soudain, et ce afin de mieux saisir pourquoi il fut opportun en 2019 pour la Commission de proposer une telle stratégie de croissance ambitieuse. Ensuite, nous évaluerons sa pertinence dans le contexte des crises sanitaires et économiques provoquées par la pandémie, pour aboutir à la conclusion que l’engagement dont a fait preuve le vice-président exécutif Frans Timmermans a confirmé l’hypothèse selon laquelle les défis actuels de la lutte contre le changement climatique et de la refonte de notre stratégie de croissance ont déterminé une nouvelle façon d’élaborer des politiques qui favorisent une reprise verte au lieu de revenir à des modèles « business as usual ». Notre point de mire sera alors l’urbanisme : il s’agit là de la stratégie à moyen terme de l’UE, dont le paquet politique se concentre particulièrement sur l’électricité, la rénovation des bâtiments, l’économie circulaire et les transports.
La politique des réfugiés de la III e République, la défaite et le zonage de la France
Authors: Großmann Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Tandis que l’histoire de l’« Exode » de mai-juin 1940 est désormais plutôt bien étudiée, l’évacuation préventive touchant les trois départements frontaliers du Haut-Rhin, du Bas-Rhin et de la Moselle en septembre 1939 a reçu nettement moins d’attention. Sur la base d’un projet de recherche collectif franco-allemand, l’article met en évidence les interrelations entre la politique des réfugiés de la III e République, l’invasion allemande et la réorganisation du territoire français après l’armistice. Il retrace ainsi les antécédents, le contexte situationnel et les conditions préalables à la création de la « zone interdite » ou « zone réservée » en s’intéressant tout particulièrement aux liens entre les déplacements de population et le zonage territorial de la France sous l’occupation.
Images de soi, reflets de l’occupant. Trois exemples d’écriture personnelle en zone réservée
Authors: Krapoth Stéphanie 
Published: May 2022

Cette réflexion constitue le premier jalon d’une recherche comparée collective sur les égo-documents par temps de conflit et de contrainte politique. Trois témoins livrent leurs carnets personnels qui s’avèrent être de véritables collages, intégrant des coupures de presse. Trois jeunes diaristes, trois contextes de vie en zone réservée : une mère de famille (née en 1910) attendant le retour de son mari, une paysanne (née en 1923), un horloger en formation (né en 1927). Tous trois gèrent avant tout les urgences du quotidien. Nous pouvons constater en particulier la grande retenue de ces témoins, leur méticulosité dans le détail, ainsi que leur patriotisme. La précision de ces écrits sert-elle à leurs auteurs de repère rassurant face aux incertitudes inhérentes au contexte ?
La « grosse bêtise » de Heidegger. Monde universitaire et radicalité académique au XX e siècle
Authors: Bouilloud Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Comment et pourquoi les académiques connaissent-ils pour certains, comme Heidegger, la tentation de la « radicalité », en faisant allégeance à des systèmes politiques totalitaires ou extrêmes ? C’est ce que nous explorons ici à travers le cas principal de Heidegger, mais aussi ceux qui se sont impliqués dans le stalinisme avant de s’en écarter. Plusieurs éléments permettent d’expliquer ces investissements : sentiment d’aller dans le sens de l’Histoire, besoin d’espérance, goût pour la violence, désir de voir ses idées mises en œuvre, souci de soi et prévalence dans la pensée théorique d’une préoccupation du collectif sur le sujet. Le regard rétrospectif sur ces expériences radicales peut être l’occasion d’un pas de côté, d’une mise à distance qui oblige à penser autrement l’engagement, où seule une « éthique de la vérité » semble permettre d’éviter les pièges de la radicalité.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Lal Jude , Jamart Véronique 
Published: May 2022

Depuis 2005, le succès des nationalistes cinghalais – JVP et JHU – et leur compétition pour le pouvoir étatique ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la reprise des conflits et la polarisation des rapports entre Cinghalais et Tamouls. La convergence des deux partis a contribué à la consolidation d’un État unitaire fondé sur la suprématie bouddhiste cinghalaise et à la justification morale d’un déni de droits de la population tamoule.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Babo Alfred 
Published: May 2022

En Côte d’Ivoire, les conflits fonciers – comme celui de Tabou – apparaissent comme les prolongements de la gestion par l’État des clivages intercommunautaires autour de la terre. L’instrumentalisation de ce type de conflit, dans un environnement politique « exclusionniste » – fondé sur l’idéologie de « l’ivoirité » – et dans un contexte de crise économique et sociale, a plongé le pays dans la guerre en 2002.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: González-Izás Matilde , Jamart Véronique 
Published: May 2022

Le racisme contemporain et la violence au Guatemala sont des phénomènes complexes et persistants intimement liés au processus de modernisation capitaliste et de formation de l’État aux 19 e et 20 e siècles. L’expansion coloniale européenne, l’immigration allemande, l’essor des plantations caféières ont institutionnalisé les discriminations, légitimé le racisme et instrumentalisé en particulier l’opposition entre « Indiens » et « Ladinos ».
Attracting Highly Skilled Migrants to Guangzhou, China: A Policy Commentary
Authors: Li Wei , Ma Ling , Tan Yining , Liu Meixin 
Published: May 2022

The scope and the study of international migration have reached unprecedented levels. The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) recognises that ‘migration is a multidimensional reality of major relevance for the sustainable development of countries of origin, transit and destination’, and calls for ‘integrat[ing] migration into development planning and sectoral policies at local, national, regional and global levels’. Such policies may include targeting individuals who are highly skilled/highly educated or lower skilled/less educated to fulfil different developmental goals. China, with its globalised economy, rapid economic growth, and wealth accumulation in recent decades embodies such a trend. With recruitment policies for top-tier Chinese returnees and foreign professionals, China has become an emerging destination for overseas talent. However, there is a lack of city-level/local-level analysis of the roles that local incentives and policies play when people choose a destination city. We aim to fill this gap by focusing on city-level talent recruitment and retention policies in Guangzhou, the capital of China’s Guangdong Province. In this policy commentary, we will 1) Compare and contrast the talent recruitment and retention policies instituted and implemented by the City of Guangzhou to attract Chinese returnees and foreign professionals in the last two decades; and 2) Assess the effectiveness and fairness of such policies, and their implications for other areas and countries in the global ‘race for talent’.
Evaluation with E-test of the meropenem/vaborbactam association in carbapenem-resistant and sensitive negative control strains isolates of samples processed at the Laboratory of the Rivoli Hospital
Authors: Amarù Giuseppina , Scoppapietra Lara , Crocillà Cristina , Salafia Marika , Finotti Mara , Schiavo Vittorio , Granero Valentino 
Published: May 2022

Background and aims: Meropenem (Mer) and vaborbactam (Vab) is a combination of a carbapenem and a new β-lactamase inhibitor used in adults to treat different types of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. This combination is chosen as an alternative in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria when carbapenem-only therapies are unsatisfactory.
Materials and methods: Based on this, we report our assessment of such meropenem/vaborbactam association through the E-test and the Microscan routine automated system. This evaluation was performed on 22 samples, carbapenem-resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different types of biological material. Five E. coli and 1 P. mirabilis were respectively susceptible to both carbapenems and Mer/Vab, 6 P. aeruginosa and 2 A. baumannii were respectively resistant to both carbapenems and Mer/Vab and out of 8 K. pneumoniae which were resistant to carbapenems only one was resistant to the Mer/Var combination.
Results and conclusions: From the data obtained, it can be seen that resistance to carbapenems is 72%, and drops to 36% with the combined use of Mer/Vab. However, this combination cannot be used in the treatment of patients with diseases caused by P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., resistant to meropenem.