bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirotetramat resistance inMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its association with the presence of theA2666Vmutation
Authors: Umina Paul A. , Bass Chris , van Rooyen Anthony , Chirgwin Evatt , Arthur Aston L. , Pym Adam , Mackisack Jo , Mathews Andrew , Kirkland Lisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemicals are widely used to protect field crops against aphid pests and aphid‐borne viral diseases. One such species isMyzus persicae(Sulzer), a global pest that attacks a broad array of agricultural crops and transmits many economically damaging plant viruses. This species has evolved resistance to a large number of insecticide compounds as a result of widespread and repeated chemical use in many parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the evolution of resistance to a new plant protection product, spirotetramat, following reported chemical control failures.RESULTSOur study provides clear phenotypic and genotypic evidence of spirotetramat resistance in populations ofM. persicaefrom Australia. We show there is cross‐resistance to other insecticides within the same chemical group, namely spiromesifen and spirodiclofen. We also demonstrate that resistance is associated with the previously reported mutation, A2226V in the target site of spirotetramat, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. Our genetic analysis found all resistantM. persicaepopulations belong to the same multi‐locus clonal type and carry the A2226V mutation, which appears to be inherited as a dominant trait in this species.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide new insight into the resistance conferred by A2226V and have implications for the control ofM. persicaein Australia and worldwide. A diagnostic assay developed in this study should serve as a valuable tool for future resistance monitoring and to support the implementation of pest management strategies. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Phonemic Awareness: A Meta‐Analysis for Planning Effective Instruction
Authors: Rice Marianne , Erbeli Florina , Thompson Christopher G. , Sallese Mary Rose , Fogarty Melissa 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe National Reading Panel identified phonemic awareness (PA) as one of the five components of reading and found explicit instruction effective in developing PA skills in students. In the current meta‐analysis, we explored the extent to which PA instruction was effective for developing PA skills in preschool through first‐grade students and examined moderators related to malleable instructional characteristics relevant to the effective implementation of PA instruction in schools (e.g., type of instructor, specifically including computer programs and parents aside from teachers as instructors) and their possible interactions. We collected data from 46 experimental and quasi‐experimental primary studies, with 59 independent samples providing 119 effect sizes (treatment groups, N = 1892; control groups, N = 1747). Using robust variance estimation, PA instruction was moderately effective (g = 0.63, p < .001) at improving PA outcomes. No statistically significant difference was found for type of instructor. Other moderator analyses revealed no significant differences for group size, duration, PA skills taught, use of letters, grade level, at‐risk for reading difficulties status, or English language learner status. Finally, examination of the interaction between type of instructor and at‐risk status suggested teachers, computer programs, and parents are effective instructors for both at‐risk and low‐risk students. As schools plan for effective PA instruction, results indicate computer programs and parents can be useful resources to build PA skills for students to supplement teacher instruction.
The effects of CEO activism: Partisan consumer behavior and its duration
Authors: Hou Young , Poliquin Christopher W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryCEOs increasingly engage in activism on controversial social and political issues that do not directly affect their core business. Simultaneously, the general public is increasingly politically polarized. We examine how CEOs' support for gun control after two mass shootings differentially affected the behavior of liberal and conservative consumers and the persistence of these effects. Using mobile phone location data to measure store‐level visits, we find (a) consumer visits to stores decreased by 3%; (b) this decrease was asymmetric: visits in the most conservative counties decreased by about 5% but did not change in the most liberal counties; and (c) these effects dissipated within 10 weeks after activism. Our results highlight the strategic implications for executives pressured to take stances on controversial issues.Managerial SummaryWe study how consumers respond to CEO support for gun control, and how consumers' partisan views influence their behavior. Visits to the stores of several major retailers declined about 3% in the 4 weeks after their CEOs supported expanding background checks for gun purchases. In the most liberal counties, visits did not change following CEO support for gun control, while in the most conservative counties visits declined about 5%. Hence, the reaction of liberal consumers did not counteract the reaction of conservative consumers. We find, however, that these effects dissipated within 10 weeks; as a result, retailers whose CEOs supported gun control did not experience any long‐term, net decrease in sales despite the short‐term sales decrease in conservative counties.
Molecular Insights into the Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymer Suckerin Polypeptides into Nanoconfined β‐Sheets
Authors: Liu Yuying , Wang Ying , Tong Chaohui , Wei Guanghong , Ding Feng , Sun Yunxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuckerin in squid sucker ring teeth is a block‐copolymer peptide comprised of two repeating modules—the alanine and histidine‐rich M1 and the glycine‐rich M2. Suckerin self‐assemblies display excellent thermo‐plasticity and pH‐responsive properties, along with the high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability. However, the self‐assembly mechanism and the detailed role of each module are still elusive, limiting the capability of applying and manipulating such biomaterials. Here, the self‐assembly dynamics of the two modules and two minimalist suckerin‐mimetic block‐copolymers, M1‐M2‐M1 and M2‐M1‐M2, in silico is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that M2 has a stronger self‐association but weaker β‐sheet propensities than M1. The high self‐assembly propensity of M2 allows the minimalist block‐copolymer peptides to coalesce with microphase separation, enabling the formation of nanoconfined β‐sheets in the matrix formed by M1–M2 contacts. Since these glycine‐rich fragments with scatted hydrophobic and aromatic residues are building blocks of many other block‐copolymer peptides, the study suggests that these modules function as the “molecular glue” in addition to the flexible linker or spacer to drive the self‐assembly and microphase separation. The uncovered molecular insights may help understand the structure and function of suckerin and also aid in the design of functional block‐copolymer peptides for nanotechnology and biomedicine applications.
Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy
Authors: De Sousa Karina P. , Rossi Izadora , Abdullahi Mahamed , Ramirez Marcel Ivan , Stratton Dan , Inal Jameel Malhador 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV‐related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Integrating transcription and splicing into cell fate: Transcription factors on the block
Authors: Boumpas Panagiotis , Merabet Samir , Carnesecchi Julie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are present in all life forms and conserved across great evolutionary distances in eukaryotes. From yeast to complex multicellular organisms, they are pivotal players of cell fate decision by orchestrating gene expression at diverse molecular layers. Notably, TFs fine‐tune gene expression by coordinating RNA fate at both the expression and splicing levels. They regulate alternative splicing, an essential mechanism for cell plasticity, allowing the production of many mRNA and protein isoforms in precise cell and tissue contexts. Despite this apparent role in splicing, how TFs integrate transcription and splicing to ultimately orchestrate diverse cell functions and cell fate decisions remains puzzling. We depict substantial studies in various model organisms underlining the key role of TFs in alternative splicing for promoting tissue‐specific functions and cell fate. Furthermore, we emphasize recent advances describing the molecular link between the transcriptional and splicing activities of TFs. As TFs can bind both DNA and/or RNA to regulate transcription and splicing, we further discuss their flexibility and compatibility for DNA and RNA substrates. Finally, we propose several models integrating transcription and splicing activities of TFs in the coordination and diversification of cell and tissue identities.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
Anisotropic deconfined criticality in Dirac spin liquids
Authors: Shackleton Henry , Sachdev Subir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We analyze a Higgs transition from a U(1) Dirac spin liquid to a gapless ℤ2 spin liquid. This ℤ2 spin liquid is of relevance to the spin S = 1/2 square lattice antiferromagnet, where recent numerical studies have given evidence for such a phase existing in the regime of high frustration between nearest neighbor and next-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions (the J1-J2 model), appearing in a parameter regime between the vanishing of Néel order and the onset of valence bond solid ordering. The proximate Dirac spin liquid is unstable to monopole proliferation on the square lattice, ultimately leading to Néel or valence bond solid ordering. As such, we conjecture that this Higgs transition describes the critical theory separating the gapless ℤ2 spin liquid of the J1-J2 model from one of the two proximate ordered phases. The transition into the other ordered phase can be described in a unified manner via a transition into an unstable SU(2) spin liquid, which we have analyzed in prior work. By studying the deconfined critical theory separating the U(1) Dirac spin liquid from the gapless ℤ2 spin liquid in a 1/Nf expansion, with Nf proportional to the number of fermions, we find a stable fixed point with an anisotropic spinon dispersion and a dynamical critical exponent z ≠ 1. We analyze the consequences of this anisotropic dispersion by calculating the angular profiles of the equal-time Néel and valence bond solid correlation functions, and we find them to be distinct. We also note the influence of the anisotropy on the scaling dimension of monopoles.
On chiral bosons in 2D and 6D
Authors: Mezincescu Luca , Townsend Paul K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the Hamiltonian formulation of chiral 2k-form electrodynamics, the 2k-form potential on the (4k + 1)-space is defined up to the addition of either (i) a closed 2k-form or (ii) an exact 2k-form, depending on the choice of chirality constraint. Case (i) is realized by the Floreanini-Jackiw 2D chiral boson (for k = 0) and its Henneaux-Teitelboim generalisation to k > 0. For all k, but focusing on the 6D case, we present a simple Lorentz-invariant Hamiltonian model that realizes case (ii), and we derive it from Siegel’s manifestly Lorentz invariant Lagrangian formulation.
Violations of quark-hadron duality in low-energy determinations of αs
Authors: Pich Antonio , Rodríguez-Sánchez Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Using the spectral functions measured in τ decays, we investigate the actual numerical impact of duality violations on the extraction of the strong coupling. These effects are tiny in the standard αs($$ {m}_{\tau}^2 $$

m
τ
2

) determinations from integrated distributions of the hadronic spectrum with pinched weights, or from the total τ hadronic width. The pinched-weight factors suppress very efficiently the violations of duality, making their numerical effects negligible in comparison with the larger perturbative uncertainties. However, combined fits of αs and duality-violation parameters, performed with non-protected weights, are subject to large systematic errors associated with the assumed modelling of duality-violation effects. These uncertainties have not been taken into account in the published analyses, based on specific models of quark-hadron duality.
New meromorphic CFTs from cosets
Authors: Das Arpit , Gowdigere Chethan N. , Mukhi Sunil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years it has been understood that new rational CFTs can be discovered by applying the coset construction to meromorphic CFTs. Here we turn this approach around and show that the coset construction, together with the classification of meromorphic CFT with c ≤ 24, can be used to predict the existence of new meromorphic CFTs with c ≥ 32 whose Kac-Moody algebras are non-simply-laced and/or at levels greater than 1. This implies they are non-lattice theories. Using three-character coset relations, we propose 34 infinite series of meromorphic theories with arbitrarily large central charge, as well as 46 theories at c = 32 and c = 40.
Genomic regions associated with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) under field conditions in soybean germplasm accessions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Walker David R. , McDonald Samuel C. , Harris Donna K. , Roger Boerma H. , Buck James W. , Sikora Edward J. , Weaver David B. , Wright David L. , Marois James J. , Li Zenglu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Key message
Eight soybean genomic regions, including six never before reported, were found to be associated with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the southeastern USA.

Abstract
Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Although seven Rpp resistance gene loci have been reported, extensive pathotype variation in and among fungal populations increases the importance of identifying additional genes and loci associated with rust resistance. One hundred and ninety-one soybean plant introductions from Japan, Indonesia and Vietnam, and 65 plant introductions from other countries were screened for resistance to P. pachyrhizi under field conditions in the southeastern USA between 2008 and 2015. The results indicated that 84, 69, and 49% of the accessions from southern Japan, Vietnam or central Indonesia, respectively, had negative BLUP values, indicating less disease than the panel mean. A genome-wide association analysis using SoySNP50K Infinium BeadChip data identified eight genomic regions on seven chromosomes associated with SBR resistance, including previously unreported regions of Chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 15, in addition to the locations of the Rpp3 and Rpp6 loci. The six unreported genomic regions might contain novel Rpp loci. The identification of additional sources of rust resistance and associated genomic regions will further efforts to develop soybean cultivars with broad and durable resistance to soybean rust in the southern USA.
Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Edstorp Jessica , Wei Yuxia , Ahlqvist Emma , Alfredsson Lars , Grill Valdemar , Groop Leif , Rasouli Bahareh , Sørgjerd Elin P. , Thorsby Per M. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypotheses
Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (snus) are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether smoking and snus use increase the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and elucidated potential interaction with HLA high-risk genotypes.

Methods
Analyses were based on Swedish case–control data (collected 2010–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=593) and type 2 diabetes (n=2038), and 3036 controls, and Norwegian prospective data (collected 1984–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=245) and type 2 diabetes (n=3726) during 1,696,503 person-years of follow-up. Pooled RRs with 95% CIs were estimated for smoking, and ORs for snus use (case–control data only). The interaction was assessed by attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study on smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was conducted based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies.

Results
Smoking (RRpooled 1.30 [95% CI 1.06, 1.59] for current vs never) and snus use (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20, 3.24] for ≥15 box-years vs never use) were associated with an increased risk of LADA. Corresponding estimates for type 2 diabetes were 1.38 (95% CI 1.28, 1.49) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.27, 2.90), respectively. There was interaction between smoking and HLA high-risk genotypes (AP 0.27 [95% CI 0.01, 0.53]) in relation to LADA. The positive association between smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was confirmed by the MR study.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our findings suggest that tobacco use increases the risk of LADA and that smoking acts synergistically with genetic susceptibility in the promotion of LADA.

Data availability
Analysis codes are shared through GitHub (https://github.com/jeseds/Smoking-use-of-smokeless-tobacco-HLA-genotypes-and-incidence-of-LADA).

Graphical abstract
Risk of symptomatic osteoarthritis associated with exposure to ergonomic factors at work in a nationwide Italian survey
Authors: d’Errico Angelo , Fontana Dario , Sebastiani Gabriella , Ardito Chiara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported to increase with exposure to various ergonomic factors at work, although this finding is still debated in the literature. Aim of this study was to assess the association between prevalence of symptomatic OA and exposure to workplace ergonomic factors assigned through a job-exposures matrix (JEM).

Methods
The study population was composed of 24,604 persons of 40–69 years who participated in the National Health Survey 2013 and were employed at that occasion. Exposure to ergonomic factors was assigned to the study population through a JEM constructed from the Italian O*NET database, consisting of 17 physical factors, which were summed and averaged by job title (796 jobs) to obtain a combined exposure index. The outcome was self-reported OA characterized by moderate or severe limitations in daily activities. The relationship between OA prevalence and the combined exposure index in quartiles was examined using robust Poisson regression models adjusted for socio-demographics and potential confounders.

Results
In the analysis adjusted for age and gender, the risk of OA was increased by approximately 20–30% in the second and third quartiles, and by 80% in the highest exposure quartile, compared to the least exposed, with a risk attenuation by approximately 15–20% controlling for other significant covariates.

Conclusion
Our results support a causal role of exposure to physical factors at work in the development of OA. As OA is associated with a great burden of disability, any effort should be made to reduce workers’ exposure to ergonomic factors.
Non-specific symptoms as a prodrome of immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving nivolumab: a consecutive analysis of 200 patients
Authors: Higashiyama Ryoko Inaba , Horinouchi Hidehito , Kuchiba Aya , Matsumoto Yuji , Murakami Shuji , Goto Yasushi , Kanda Shintaro , Fujiwara Yutaka , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is the standard treatment for metastatic or refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). irAEs are sometimes fatal; however, an efficient method for early irAEs detection has not been developed because their onset timing varies. We examined the significance of non-specific symptoms as a prodrome of irAEs in patients with NSCLC.

Methods
We reviewed consecutive patients who received nivolumab at a dosage of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks for metastatic NSCLC between December 2015 and August 2017. Patient demographics, irAEs and signal symptoms were recorded. Non-specific symptoms (fever and fatigue) occurred 7 days or earlier before the onset of irAEs were considered signal symptoms. For statistical analyses, the association between irAEs and clinical information, including signal symptoms, was evaluated using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression.

Results
A total of 200 patients received nivolumab; 131 (65.5%) were male, their median age was 63 years (range 30–83), 174 (87.0%) had performance status of 0–1. Signal symptoms occurred in 38 (19.0%) of the 77 patients (38.5%) who experienced irAEs, and were positively associated with the occurrence of irAEs (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of irAEs was significantly higher in patients with PS 0–1 [odds ratio (OR) 7.01; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.69–29.13] and patients experienced signal symptoms (OR 17.30; 95% CI, 6.51–45.99).

Conclusion
The occurrence of signal symptoms could be used in the early detection and management of irAEs in patients during immune checkpoint blockade therapy.