bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI Governance Multi-stakeholder Convening
Authors: Greene K. Gretchen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers reflections and advice on AI ethics and governance from a year spent leading Partnership on AI’s multi-stakeholder Affective Computing and Ethics project, involving more than 200 engineers, scientists, lawyers, privacy and civil rights advocates, bioethicists, managers, executives, journalists, and government officials, mostly in the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union, in discussions about AI related to emotion and affect and its potential impacts on civil and human rights, with a goal of developing industry best practices and better technology policy. The author’s reflections from that year draw lessons on convening, multi-disciplinary collaboration, and affective computing and AI ethics and governance. The chapter offers a blueprint for creating the shared knowledge foundation non-technical participants need to apply their expertise. It presents question exploration as a tool for evaluating ethics risk and using “What is notice good for?” shows how a well-chosen question can serve as a catalyst for group or individual exploration of the issues, leading to insights and answers. It includes a curated list of 42 questions, catalysts for AI and ethics discussion for industry, university, news media, and policy teams; multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder AI ethics and governance convenings; and for individual writing and thinking, to take scholars and practitioners a step beyond or to the side of what they have been thinking about—about AI and ethics.
Influence of food quality on larval growth of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Malca Estrella , Shropshire Taylor , Landry Michael R , Quintanilla Jose M , Laiz-CarriÓn RaÚl , Shiroza Akihiro , Stukel Michael R , Lamkin John , Gerard Trika , Swalethorp Rasmus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarval abundances of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) in the Gulf of Mexico are currently utilized to inform future recruitment by providing a proxy for the spawning potential of western ABT stock. Inclusion of interannual variations in larval growth is a key advance needed to translate larval abundance to recruitment success. However, little is known about the drivers of growth variations during the first weeks of life. We sampled patches of western ABT larvae in 3–4 day Lagrangian experiments in May 2017 and 2018, and assessed age and growth rates from sagittal otoliths relative to size categories of zooplankton biomass and larval feeding behaviors from stomach contents. Growth rates were similar, on average, between patches (0.37 versus 0.39 mm d−1) but differed significantly through ontogeny and were correlated with a food limitation index, highlighting the importance of prey availability. Otolith increment widths were larger for postflexion stages in 2018, coincident with high feeding on preferred prey (mainly cladocerans) and presumably higher biomass of more favorable prey type. Faster growth reflected in the otolith microstructures may improve survival during the highly vulnerable larval stages of ABT, with direct implications for recruitment processes.
Weak charges in SU(5)L × U(1)Y gauge models
Authors: Palcu Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Within the framework of a renormalizable SU(5)L × U(1)Y electro-weak gauge model with no exotic electric charges, we obtain all the neutral weak charge operators and their quantization, once the diagonalization of the neutral boson mass matrix is properly performed. Our results open up the path to a rich and promising phenomenological outcome. All the Standard Model phenomenology is recovered by simply decoupling the latter’s scale (vSM = 246 GeV) from the higher scale (V ∼ 10 TeV) specific to our new electro-weak unification.
Import Penetration and Executive Compensation
Authors: Lie Erik , Yang Keyang (Daniel) 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We first compare several measures of import penetration and find that total imports, tariffs, and exchange rates are endogenous, while imports from China are largely exogenous. Then we examine the effects of Chinese import penetration on executive compensation of U.S. firms. We document that Chinese import penetration reduces executives’ stock grants and wealth-performance sensitivity, suggesting that competition mitigates agency problems and the need for conventional alignment mechanisms.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF RADIOCAESIUM, 90SR AND 129I IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS COLLECTED FROM FUKUSHIMA AND REFERENCE AREAS IN JAPAN, AND INTERNAL RADIATION DOSES
Authors: Tsukada H , Takahashi T , Fukutani S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Significant quantities of radionuclides were released into the environment due to the 2011 TEPCO’s FDNPS accident. Radiocaesium is the most important radionuclide for assessment of radiation dose, and small amounts of 90Sr and very long-lived radionuclide of 129I were also released into the environment. Spinach, potato and brown rice were collected from Fukushima, neighboring prefectures and reference areas of negligible deposition in 2018 and 2019. The activity concentration of 137Cs in crops in Hamadori (coastal side) was relatively higher than other areas. The activity concentration of 90Sr in the crops showed a similar range among four areas in Fukushima, and they were similar level of those collected throughout Japan. The activity concentration of 129I in the crops collected from Hamadori was higher than other Fukushima areas. However, the activity ratio of 129I/137Cs was lower by five to seven orders of magnitude. Internal radiation doses of radiocaesium for adult males from ingestion of local crops collected from Hamadori were 0.0046 mSv, and that of 129I were 0.00000045 mSv in 2019.
Does the substratum rule even matter?
Authors: Levers Christopher , Constable Jordan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent authorities in the Court of Appeal of Bermuda (Grand View v Wong (Civil Appeal No. 5A of 2019, Grand View, an appeal from Wong v Grand View [2019] Bda LR 41, Wong), the Royal Court of Jersey (Representation of Rysaffe Fiduciarles Sarl [2012] JRC 320, Rysaffe) and the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (In the Matter of the Poulton Family Trust (unreported, FSD 0121 of 2016 (IKJ), 18 February 2022, Poulton) considered and have seemingly discredited the existence of the so-called 'substratum rule', which purported to be an overarching rule which operated to restrain the exercise of trustee powers where those powers could fundamentally alter the substratum or basic purpose of the settlement in question.
Impact of a Multifaceted Intervention Among Primary Care Physicians on Sickness Certification
Authors: Romani Maya , Assaf Georges , Mahfoud Mirna , Hoteit Reem , Saab Basem Roberto 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Sickness absence remains a major challenge globally. Primary care physicians often find it challenging to deny patients' requests for sick leaves, making the gatekeeping role uneasy among doctors.

Methods:
Twenty-one PCPs participated in this non-randomized intervention study. The educational intervention consisted of an interactive presentation, a 20-minute video screening, and 3 text message reminders. The average number for sickness certificates (SCs), sickness absence rate per patient, and causes for sickness absence spells were measured one year before and one year after the intervention.

Results:
The average number of SC one year before and after the intervention was 0.44 and 0.47, respectively. The sickness absence rate was 0.63% one year before and 0.75% one year after the intervention with no statistical significance. The mean number of sickness absence days did not significantly change. Causes for sickness absence spells significantly increased for diarrhea and back pain but decreased for upper respiratory infections with no statistical significance.

Discussion:
Implementation of a multifaceted intervention to train PCPs on the process of sickness certification did not affect the sickness absence rate. Further research is needed to assess the knowledge and understanding of physicians' sickness certification process and the underlying factors that govern it to better develop tailored and effective interventions.
Exploring the Great Divide: Comparing Professional Development Satisfaction and Opportunities of Program Coordinators at Academic Medical Centers and Community-Based Programs
Authors: Anderson Lauren , Rowland Kathleen , Twiss Megham , Eaton Jory , Krueger Mackenzie , Wright Katherine 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Program coordinators (PCs) need to maintain flexibility and evolve professionally with rapid changes in accreditation, specialty requirements, and policies. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recommends professional development for PCs. This mixed-methods study explored professional development opportunities and current practices of PCs at community and academic programs.

Methods:
A survey was administered to the Chicago Area Medical Education Group members to elicit attitudes and opinions regarding professional development availability.

Results:
A total of 109 participants (eligible = 178) completed surveys. 97.2% (n = 105, N = 108) of respondents indicated that development is necessary for being a great coordinator. PCs at community-based programs report lower attendance at national conferences and less satisfaction with professional development opportunities than their academic-based institution counterparts. 28.5% of the community-based coordinators are dissatisfied with opportunities compared with 7% of the academic-based coordinators. 37.7% of the community coordinators (compared with 2.9% academic) report a lack of development activities by their program or graduate medical education. Only half of the PCs report discussing professional development with their program director. However, institutional supports were regarded as facilitators to satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Despite recommendations for regular professional development, this study finds only half of the PCs regularly discuss professional development and finds disparities in opportunities between those in community versus academic settings.
Train New Trainers Primary Care Psychiatry Fellowship—Optimizing Delivery of Behavioral Health Care Through Training for Primary Care Providers
Authors: Neikrug Ariel B. , Stehli Annamarie , Xiong Glen L. , Suo Shannon , Le-Bucklin Khanh-Van , Cant Wendy , McCarron Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To expand and optimize the behavioral health workforce, it is necessary to improve primary care providers' (PCPs) overall knowledge and clinical skills in primary care–based psychiatry. Studies on the effects of postgraduate psychiatric education programs for PCPs on psychiatric knowledge are limited.

Methods:
A total of 251 PCPs completed a 1-year fellowship. Data from program development and evaluation were analyzed for 4 fellowship years (2016–2019). Fellows were surveyed at baseline, midpoint, and postfellowship about mental health stigma, perceived competency, attitudes about psychiatry, satisfaction with current psychiatric knowledge, confidence and comfort to treat psychiatric illnesses, and program satisfaction. Psychiatric knowledge was evaluated at baseline, midpoint, and postfellowship.

Results:
Large effects were noted on perceived competency/self-efficacy and confidence in the treatment of common psychiatric disorders encountered in primary care settings. Positive effects were observed on attitudes of mental health stigma, and even more robust effects were found with improvement in psychiatry clinical knowledge. Knowledge improved by 12% at postfellowship (P < .0001). Correlations of the degree of change in attitude with improved psychiatric literacy demonstrated significant relationships with reduction of stigma total score (r = −0.2133, P = .0043), increased willingness (r = 0.1941, P = .0096), and increased positive attitudes (r = 0.1894, P = .0111).

Conclusion:
Innovative initiatives to improve and expand psychiatric knowledge and clinical skills among those who provide the most behavioral health care (PCPs) can have marked impacts on attitudes toward mental health care delivery, stigma, and competency/self-efficacy. Future studies are necessary to consider the impact of this program on clinical practice pattern outcomes on a larger scale.
“Double Barrel” Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis: A Useful Addition to a Supermicrosurgeon’s Repertoire
Authors: Masoodi Zulqarnain , Steinbacher Johannes , Tinhofer Ines E. , Czedik-Eysenberg Manon , Mohos Balazs , Roka-Palkovits Julia , Huettinger Nina , Meng Stefan , Tzou Chieh-Han John 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Microsurgical amelioration of lymphedema has gained much traction in recent years and is now an established modality of treatment for this condition. Despite the development of many newer techniques, lymphaticovenous anastomosis still remains the most frequently carried out microsurgical procedure for lymphedema. One of the most common hurdles faced by lymphatic surgeons while carrying out a lymphaticovenous anastomosis is a mismatch in sizes of the vein and the lymphatic vessels.

Method:
This article describes a novel but simple “double barrel” technique, developed by the authors for carrying out lymphaticovenous anastomosis in cases of such lymphaticovenous mismatch. Seventeen double barrel anastomoses were carried out in 12 lymphedema patients, over a 4-year period from 2017 to 2021.

Results:
The overall success rate was 100%, as measured by clinical observation (venous washout, lymphatic backflow), the Acland vessel strip test, and by means of intraoperative ICG lymphography. Mild leakage was observed in four cases after release of the venous clamp and was corrected by application of additional sutures.

Conclusions:
The double barrel technique is a safe and effective tool that can be employed to deal with the bane of size mismatch, a persistent problem faced by lymphedema surgeons universally. Although we do not advocate it as a total replacement for other techniques, it can be a worthy addition to the present set of available options. In specific scenarios of mismatch with additional challenges, the double barrel technique has the potential to be considered as primus inter pares.
Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert or Topical Prednisolone following iStent and Hydrus Surgery for Glaucoma
Authors: Jackson Kevin J. , Akrobetu Dennis , Guduru Abhilash , Herndon Leon W. 
Published: April 2022

Précis:
Using an intracanalicular dexamethasone insert or topical prednisolone following iStent and Hydrus surgery provided similar short-term control of post-operative inflammation.

Purpose:
To compare post-operative inflammation in patients who received an intracanalicular dexamethasone insert or topical prednisolone after iStent or Hydrus surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Patients receiving a dexamethasone insert after iStent or Hydrus insertion were included and compared to age-matched controls who received topical prednisolone. Pre-operative data were recorded. Post-operative inflammatory cell and the proportion of patients with zero anterior chamber cells was recorded at month 1. Post-operative IOP and rate of cystoid macular edema (CME) were recorded at months 1 and 3.

Results:
40 eyes receiving topical prednisolone were compared to 35 eyes receiving a dexamethasone insert after iStent or Hydrus insertion. Mean post-operative inflammatory cell for the topical group at month 1 was 0.2±0.3, and the dexamethasone group, 0.3±0.5;P=0.816. 70% of patients in the topical group had zero anterior chamber cell at post-operative month 1 compared to 75.8% in the dexamethasone group,P=0.583. Mean pre-operative IOP for the topical group was 18.8±5.5 and the dexamethasone group was 17.1±4.1,P=0.064. Mean post-operative IOP for the topical group at months 1 and 3 was 17.6±6.4 and 15.1±3.1, respectively and the dexamethasone group, 17.5±4.8 and 15.0±3.4, respectively;P=0.772 and 0.884. One patient developed CME in each group.

Conclusions:
There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients who had zero anterior chamber cell at post-operative month 1 between groups.
Social integration of adolescents with chronic pain: a social network analysis
Authors: Van Alboom Maité , Elmer Timon , Boersma Katja , Forgeron Paula , Baert Fleur , Bracke Piet , Goubert Liesbet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Adolescents with chronic pain (ACP) often experience impairments in their social functioning. Little is known about the consequences of these impairments on peer relationships of ACP. This study applied social network analysis to examine whether adolescents with more pain problems are less popular (RQ1), adolescents with similar pain problems name each other more often as being part of the same peer group (RQ2), dyads with an adolescent experiencing more pain problems report less positive (eg, support) and more negative (eg, conflict) friendship qualities (RQ3), and positive and negative friendship qualities moderate the relationship between pain and emotional distress (RQ4). This study used data from the first wave of a longitudinal study (N = 2767) which followed up Swedish adolescents from 19 public schools. For RQ1-3, Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure was applied. For RQ4, standard multilevel models with observations of adolescents nested within schools were estimated. Results showed that ACP were not less popular than adolescents without chronic pain. Second, ACP nominated each other more often as being part of the same peer group. Third, results regarding friendship quality showed that adolescents with more pain problems perceived the relationship with their friends as less positive (eg, support) and more negative (eg, conflict) than adolescents with less pain problems. Finally, positive and negative friendship qualities moderated the relationship between pain and emotional distress. This study contributes to the literature on the importance of peer relationships of ACP. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Association of affective state with the assimilation of daily pain expectancy and pain experience
Authors: Finan Patrick H. , Hunt Carly A. , Mun Chung Jung , Lerman Sheera F. , Tennen Howard , Smith Michael T. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Expectancies for pain and pain relief are central to experimental models of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia and are a promising target for clinical intervention in patients with chronic pain. Affective states may play an important role in modulating the degree to which expectancies influence pain, broadening the opportunities for intervention targets. However, findings to date have been mixed and mostly limited to laboratory designs. Few studies have examined the interplay of naturally occurring affective states, pain expectancies, and pain experiences in the course of daily life with chronic pain. In this study, patients with temporomandibular disorder reported their daily pain expectancies and affective states each morning and their daily pain experience each evening, over a 2-week period. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed the association of morning pain expectancies with subsequent pain experiences was moderated by morning positive affective state (B = 0.04, SE = 0.02, t = 2.00, P = 0.046) such that the congruent assimilation of a low pain expectancy with a low pain experience was starkest when morning positive affect was higher than usual. Relatedly, higher morning positive affect predicted greater odds of experiencing a match between pain expectancies and pain experience when the expectation was for low, but not high, pain levels (odds ratio = 1.19, confidence interval: 1.01-1.41, P = 0.03). Negative affect, in contrast, did not significantly influence the assimilation of high pain expectancies with high pain experiences. These findings extend previous experimental studies by showing that the association of daily pain expectancies with pain experience varies as a function of affective state.
MOBILE Intervention Pilot Study in College Students With Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Tran Dieu-My T. , Martinez Iris , Cross Chad L. , Earley Yumei Feng 
Published: April 2022

Background
Hypertension is typically recognized in middle-aged and older adults but often overlooked in younger populations.

Objective
We evaluated a mobile intervention for reducing blood pressure (BP) in college-age students for 28 days.

Methods
Students with elevated BP or undiagnosed hypertension were assigned to an intervention or control group. All subjects completed baseline questionnaires and attended an educational session. For 28 days, intervention subjects sent their BP and motivation levels to the research team and completed assigned BP-reducing tasks. After 28 days, all subjects completed an exit interview.

Results
We found a statistically significant decrease in BP in the intervention group only (P = .001) but no statistical difference in sodium intake for either group. Mean hypertension knowledge increased in both groups but was only significant for the control group (P = .001).

Conclusions
The results provide preliminary data on BP reduction with greater impact on the intervention group.
Coexistence of Psoriasis and Bullous Pemphigoid: Combination Treatment with Secukinumab and Methotrexate
Authors: Yin Zhi , Li Yueyue , Su Ting , Gopee Shehzad , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Although psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid are considered distinct disease entities, there have been a few reports of these conditions coexisting in the same patient. We report a rare case in which bullous pemphigoid developed in an untreated patient with chronic psoriasis.

Case report:
A 62-year-old man with a 15-year history of psoriasis vulgaris was admitted to our hospital with a 4-day-old eruption of vesicles and bullae on his trunk. After being diagnosed with coexistent psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid, he was treated with secukinumab and methotrexate. After 24 weeks of cumulative treatment, almost all skin lesions had disappeared. At a 12-week follow-up, the patient was devoid of skin lesions and was still being maintained on a lower dose of secukinumab.

Discussion:
The coexistence of psoriasis with bullous pemphigoid presents several therapeutic challenges. The lesions of our patient were well controlled with a combination treatment of secukinumab and methotrexate.

Conclusion:
The combination treatment of secukinumab and methotrexate might be a safe and effective option for treating coexistent psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid.