bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic characteristics of refractometry cut‐off points for the estimation of immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum
Authors: Rampacci Elisa , Mazzola Karen , Beccati Francesca , Passamonti Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFeeding foals with poor quality colostrum predisposes them to failure of passive transfer (FPT). FPT is a major risk factor for neonatal infections.ObjectivesTo assess the optimal cut‐offs for the optical (OR) and digital (DR) refractometer and determine their accuracy for poor quality colostrum diagnosis.Study designA diagnostic validation study.MethodsEighty‐one colostrum samples and sera were collected from broodmares and their neonatal foals, respectively. Colostral and serum IgG concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion (RID), DR and OR. Correlation coefficients were calculated. ROC curves were generated to identify optimal cut‐offs for the refractometers and their diagnostic characteristics were evaluated.ResultsThe optimal cut‐offs for DR and OR were ≤23.75% and 23.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the DR were 93.3% (95% CI: 66.0‐99.7) and 87.9% (95% CI: 77.0‐94.3) to detect colostral IgG <60 g/L, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the OR were 93.3% (95% CI: 66.0‐99.7) and 81.8% (95% CI: 70.0‐89.9), respectively. DR and OR had negative predictive values of 98.3% (95% CI: 89.7‐99.9) and 98.2% (95% CI: 89.0‐99.9), respectively, whilst positive predictive values were lower. No maternal variable, including breed, significantly influenced colostral IgG concentrations. Fifteen out of 81 colostrum samples had IgG <60 g/L. FPT and PFPT were diagnosed in 4/81 and 10/81 foals, respectively. Nine out of 14 animals with FPT/PFPT suckled colostrum with IgG <60 g/L. A moderate correlation (rs 0.542; P = .01) was observed between IgG concentrations measured by RID in sera and colostrum.Main limitationsA smaller number of samples than the size requirement based on a priori estimate of specificity and the low prevalence of poor quality colostrum.ConclusionsThe method has the potential to reliably differentiate between good and poor quality colostrum. Assessing colostrum quality by refractometry may be an indicator of passive transfer of immunity.
Does options improve the information absorption? Evidence from the introduction of weekly index options
Authors: Jain Prachi , Kotha Kiran Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the effect of weekly options introduction on the benchmark index of Indian stock market, NIFTY50. The paper evaluates the possible stabilizing or destabilizing nature of impact on underlying volatility focusing on the relation between information and volatility using GARCH framework. The results indicate that the onset of weekly index options has improved the information assimilation and reduced the persistence of old information on volatility. Further, similar changes are not evident on a control index, NIFTY NEXT50. Overall, the results indicate an increase in market efficiency with weekly index options trading.
A system‐level optimization framework for efficiency and effectiveness improvement of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Camanho Ana , Barbosa Flávia , Henriques Alda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment plants constitute an essential part of the sewage system. They have the role of removing pollutants from wastewater to enable the safe disposal of the treated effluent in the natural environment. This research seeks to evaluate plants' efficiency and effectiveness, which involves minimizing energy consumption while obtaining a quality level of the treated water aligned with legislation requirements. We explore two policy scenarios regarding the measurement of effluent quality. The first assumes that pollutants' emission quotas (EQs) are fixed at each plant. The second assumes that quotas are set for the receiving waters (e.g., river or watercourse in the natural environment) so that trade‐offs in EQs among plants sharing the same discharge site are possible. This latter scenario requires a system‐wide analysis to identify optimal targets for pollutants removal at each plant that allow fulfilling the expected average quality levels of the effluent discharged. This paper develops a methodology to fully realize the potential for energy savings based on an innovative mixed‐integer linear programming model. This model follows the data envelopment analysis axioms to estimate the frontier of the production possibility set. The approach proposed is tested in a real‐world context using the plants of a Portuguese water company. The results show that the two scenarios combining efficiency and effectiveness perspectives have advantages in terms of energy savings compared to the conventional situation focused only on efficiency gains. The saving potential is slightly higher in the scenario allowing reallocation of EQs among plants.
Balancing reactive oxygen species generation by rebooting gut microbiota
Authors: Singh Vandna , Ahlawat Shruti , Mohan Hari , Gill Sarvajeet Singh , Sharma Krishna Kant 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2•−, superoxide radical; OH•, hydroxyl radical; ROO•, peroxyl; RO•, alkoxyl and non-radical form 1O2, singlet oxygen; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In this review, we have discussed several sources of ROS production that can be beneficial or dangerous to the human gut. Micro-organisms, organelles and enzymes play crucial role in ROS generation, where NOX1 is the main intestinal enzyme, which produce ROS in the intestine epithelial cells. Previous studies have reported that probiotics play significant role in gut homeostasis by checking the ROS generation, maintaining the antioxidant level, immune system and barrier protection. With current knowledge, we have critically analysed the available literature and presented the outcome in the form of bubble maps to suggest that the probiotics help in controlling the ROS-specific intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Finally, it has been concluded that rebooting of the gut microbiota with probiotics, postbiotics or faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can have crucial implications in the structuring of gut communities for the personalized management of the gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
Construction of an early warning model of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis based on psychological testing
Authors: Yi Chen , Wei Yin , Zhengcui Hu , Ying Xiao , Xiaoying Lu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo establish an early warning model of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis based on psychological testing.MethodsData including patient demographics, number connection test‐A (NCT‐A), digit symbol test (DST), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were collected for patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Shanghai with liver cirrhosis between January and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the development of hepatic encephalopathy (the hepatic encephalopathy group and non‐hepatic encephalopathy group). Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis were determined by using the binary logistic regression. We developed a predictive model in accordance with the STARD statement criteria (Supplementary File S1) with a cut‐off value determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calculation of the Youden index.ResultsA total of 417 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the present study. Of these, 33 out of 66 patients with abnormal psychological tests had hepatic encephalopathy during hospitalisation. In contrast, 6 out of 317 patients with normal psychological tests had hepatic encephalopathy. Logistic regression analysis identified age, MELD score, and abnormal psychological tests as risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The area under the ROC curve for our prediction model for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis was 0.950 and the largest calculated Youden index was 0.804, which corresponds to a cut‐off value is 0.0307.ConclusionGreater age, higher MELD score and abnormal psychological tests were significantly associated with increased risk of hepatic encephalopathy indicating early warning systems and identification of abnormal psychological tests are important components of the clinical nursing care process for cirrhotic patients. Our early warning model based on psychological testing can provide a basis for nursing observation and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy.Relevance to clinical practiceRisk assessments for hepatic encephalopathy according to liver function and psychological tests, in addition to traditional neurological observations and dietary guidance, have utility in decreasing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.
Prevalence of and risk factors for thirst in the intensive care unit: An observational study
Authors: Lin Rong , Li Hong , Chen Lili , He Jinyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesThis study investigated the incidence of thirst and contributing factors in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by analysing differences in physiologic, psychological, and disease‐ and environment‐related parameters in ICU patients with vs without thirst.BackgroundLittle is known about the factors that influence thirst, and there are no standardised methods for identifying at‐risk patients in the ICU. Previous studies generalised the risk of thirst in ICU patients because of a lack of data on relevant variables. Here, we examined the factors contributing to thirst based on symptom management theory.DesignProspective descriptive design.MethodsPhysiologic, psychological, disease‐related and environment‐related data were collected for 301 patients from 4 ICUs (medical, surgical, cardiac and emergency ICUs) of a hospital from 15 December 2017–10 July 2019 through a screening interview, questionnaires and from electronic medical records. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics, the t‐test and chi‐squared test, and by logistic regression. Binary stepwise logistic regression was used to identify thirst‐associated factors. The findings are reported according to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsIn total, 210/301 (69.8%) ICU patients experienced thirst. Risk factors were nil per os order (odds ratio [OR] = 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–11.69), surgery (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.11–7.93), high glucose (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.01–11.17) and greater disease severity (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.24).ConclusionThirst is common in ICU patients. Timely detection of patients’ thirst and identification of those at high risk by ICU nurses can ensure the implementation of effective and safe interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study highlight the need to evaluate thirst symptoms in patients with severe disease and develop relief strategies for fasting, perioperative, and hyperglycaemic patients and others who are at high risk of thirst.
Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus before and after the Covid‐19 lockdown: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: La Verde Marco , Torella Marco , Riemma Gaetano , Narciso Giuliana , Iavarone Irene , Gliubizzi Ligia , Palma Marica , Morlando Maddalena , Colacurci Nicola , De Franciscis Pasquale 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether the first Covid‐19 lockdown for Italian citizens (March to July 2021) might have altered the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA retrospective single‐center study in a tertiary referral center. Primary outcome was the incidence of GDM among pregnant women. GDM incidence, from June 11, 2019 to December 4, 2020, was compared by dividing the study time as follows: from the beginning of the study to before Covid‐19 lockdown (from June 11, 2019, to March 9, 2020) and lockdown period (from March 10, 2020, to December 4, 2020). GDM was diagnosed with a 75‐g, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 gestational weeks.ResultsConcerning 1295 women, GDM incidence increased during the lockdown period (9.3% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001). Higher pregnancy weight gain with an increased body mass index (BMI) at the delivery was reported during the lockdown (31.3 vs. 28.4 kg/m2, p = 0.02 and mean weight gain of 9.3 vs. 6.6 kg, p = 0.007). There was no difference in other comorbidity incidence and OGTT values between the two groups.ConclusionsPregnant women during the Covid‐19 lockdown might have experienced higher BMI and pregnancy weight gain with increased GDM diagnoses. This may be related to physical limitations and emotional distress experienced during the lockdown. However, evidence is limited due to restricted study duration and random variations of outcomes across time. More studies are needed to understand the dietary patterns and the physical activity changes during the Covid‐19 lockdown and its impact on fetal outcomes.
Assessing Verb‐Construction Integration in Young Learners of English as a Foreign Language: Analyses of Written and Spoken Production
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Hwang Haerim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtending previous findings on adult L2 learners’ integration of verbal and constructional information, this study investigated how child learners of English as a foreign language produce verbs in target constructions and whether (a) receptive skills and (b) the specific production modality (spoken versus written) modulate the integration process. Written and spoken samples from 76 Korean‑speaking children were analyzed for verb‐construction association strength using three independent measures. A mixed‐effects regression analysis showed that the written data contained fewer strongly associated verb‐construction combinations than did the spoken data, yet verb‐construction association in writing became stronger as the participants’ receptive task scores increased. Subsequent cluster analyses revealed that the stronger verb‐construction associations found for increasing receptive skills in writing were due to the lower‐proficiency participants’ matching some verbs with inappropriate constructions. The modulating role of production modes, as well as receptive skills, in children's integration of verbs and constructions is consistent with usage‐based approaches to language learning.
Nursing students' perceptions of the efficacy of narrative photography as a learning method: Across‐sectionalstudy
Authors: Leyva‐Moral Juan M. , Aguayo‐González Mariela , Folch Cinta , San Rafael Sabiniana , Gómez‐Ibáñez Rebeca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough active learning methodologies promote students' creativity and motivation regarding learning objectives, traditional unidirectional teaching methods remain more common. The objective of this study was to determine nursing students' perceptions regarding the efficacy of narrative photography as a learning method, including self‐perceived satisfaction. Narrative photography is an art‐based technique inspired by Photovoice that promotes empathy, creativity, and reflection. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a nonprobabilistic sample of 66 nursing students from a public university in Barcelona, Spain. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected anonymously using an electronic tool. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were used to analyze the data. Sixty valid questionnaires were returned. The respondents found narrative photography's ability to promote creativity and assist understanding of theory to be its most satisfying aspect (>95% somewhat/totally agree). Narrative photography's usefulness, ability to foster self‐criticism, and the associated workload was the least satisfactory aspect (>55% somewhat/totally agree). Significant differences regarding satisfaction levels were found for both age and sex. Narrative photography is a helpful and satisfactory learning method, especially for promoting creativity and understanding theoretical concepts.
Street‐levelbureaucrats' emotional intelligence and its relation with their performance
Authors: Eshuis Jasper , de Boer Noortje , Klijn Erik Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article analyses whether the emotional intelligence (EI) of street‐level bureaucrats, in this case inspectors, predicts their individual performance. It explores whether EI predicts the aggression that inspectors face and whether this explains the relation between EI and performance. Our survey among 547 inspectors, measuring their (self) perceptions, shows that inspectors' ability to appraise others' emotions and use their emotions intelligently (i.e., motivating themselves and maintaining a positive attitude) is significantly associated with inspectors' performance. Ability to appraise others' emotions predicts increases encountered aggression (as perceived by inspectors), and capacity to regulate one's emotions correlates with decreased perceived encountered aggression. The paper contributes to street‐level bureaucracy literature by identifying affective factors that help explain performance, and to EI literature by theorizing and testing succedents of various dimensions of EI rather than assuming that EI is unidimensional.Dit artikel verkent of de emotionele intelligentie (EI) van inspecteurs hun individuele prestaties voorspelt. Er wordt onderzocht of EI verklarend is voor de agressie waarmee inspecteurs te maken krijgen, en of deze ondervonden agressie vervolgens de prestaties verklaart. Uit dit onderzoek waarin we de (zelf)perceptie van 547 inspecteurs hebben gemeten, blijkt dat het vermogen van inspecteurs om emoties van anderen in te schatten en hun eigen emoties intelligent te gebruiken (d.w.z. zichzelf te motiveren en een positief te blijven) significant samenhangt met de prestaties van inspecteurs. Het vermogen om emoties van anderen in te schatten voorspelt een toename van agressie die inspecteurs ondervinden, en het vermogen om hun eigen te emoties te reguleren correleert met een afname van ondervonden agressie. Het artikel draagt bij aan de literatuur over contactambtenaren (street‐level bureaucracy) door affectieve factoren te identificeren die prestaties helpen verklaren, en aan de EI‐literatuur door verschillende dimensies van EI te theoretiseren en te testen in plaats van aan te nemen dat EI eendimensionaal is.
The cell‐type specific role of Arabidopsis bZIP59 transcription factor in plant immunity
Authors: Song Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng , Jin Pinyuan , Tetteh Charles , Dong Xueshuo , Luo Sheng , Zhang Siyi , Li Xinyuan , Liu Yingjun , Zhang Huajian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStomatal movement participates in plant immunity by directly affecting the invasion of bacteria, but the genes that regulate stomatal immunity have not been well identified. Here, we characterised the function of the bZIP59 transcription factor from Arabidopsis thaliana, which is constitutively expressed in guard cells. The bzip59 mutant is partially impaired in stomatal closure induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain (Pst) DC3000 and is more susceptible to Pst DC3000 infection. By contrast, the line overexpressing bZIP59 enhances resistance to Pst DC3000 infection. Furthermore, the bzip59 mutant is also partially impaired in stomatal closure induced by flagellin flg22 derived from Pst DC3000, and epistasis analysis revealed that bZIP59 acts upstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and downstream of salicylic acid signalling in flg22‐induced stomatal closure. In addition, the bzip59 mutant showed resistance and sensitivity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tobacco mosaic virus that do not invade through stomata, respectively. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bZIP59 plays an important role in the stomatal immunity and reveal that the same transcription factor can positively and negatively regulate disease resistance against different pathogens.
The microbial controls on the deposition of Pb‐Zn minerals in carbonate‐hosted Tunisian ore deposits
Authors: Abidi Riadh , Slim‐Shimi Najet , Marignac Christan , Somarin Alireza K. , Renac Christophe , Deloule Etienne , Hatira Nouri , Gasquet Dominique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Ain Allega, Mjar Hannech and Sidi Driss Pb‐Zn‐Ba‐Sr‐As‐(Hg) deposits in northern Tunisia are hosted in a post‐nappe anticline with a core of a Triassic evaporite diapir affected by the NE–SW‐trending Ghardimaou‐Cap Serrat and E‐W lineament. The ore minerals show different styles; particularly, impregnation in dolomite, cement of breccias, replacement ore and open space filling in the dissolution cavities and fractures. Ore minerals include sphalerite, galena, marcasite, pyrite and cinnabar. Principal gangue minerals are composed of barite, celestine, calcite, dolomite and quartz. The orebodies are hosted by Triassic carbonate rocks (Ain Allega ore deposits), Cretaceous carbonate rocks (Mjar Hannech ore deposits) and by the volcanoclastic layers (Sidi Driss ore deposits). These host rocks show hydrothermal alteration, dissolution and brecciation. Sphalerite in the carbonate‐hosted Zn‐Pb deposits in Tunisia occurs as nano‐size microglobular blebs and peloids and forms finely‐laminated bands with wavy and even ripped up features. Peloids are present in collapse breccias of karst cavities. Peloids (5–100 μm) and bacterial filaments (1 μm long) locally form the common micro‐texture of the sulfide mineralization. The core and the shell of peloids are composed of different minerals; there are 1–3 shells and each shell is 1–1.5 μm thick, commonly with coarse crystals. These textures probably represent fossil microbial mats as in‐situ sulfate‐reducing bacteria products and are similar to nano‐textures observed in bacterial biofilms. Electron microscopy, combined with major element changes (Zn, Pb, As, Fe, and Cd) and sulfur isotope values suggest that sphalerite nano‐textures and nano‐spheres are associated with fossilized bacterial‐mat. The δ34S values of sphalerite (−43.9 to +22.38‰) show that the microbial production of H2S controlled sphalerite precipitation. The biogenic nano‐ to macro‐textured sphalerite and sulfur isotope data suggest that microbes had an important role in the genesis of carbonate‐hosted Zn‐Pb deposits in Tunisia during the Miocene.