bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass pools in intensively managed hedgerows can be a net emission of carbon dioxide
Authors: Black Kevin , Lanigan Gary , Ward Mark , Kavanagh Ian , OHuallachain Daire , Sullivan Lilian O 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Perennial landscape features, such as hedgerows, can play a role in enhancing terrestrial carbon (C) sinks, especially in North-western Europe, where they form a large part of the agricultural landscape. To date, there are few studies relating aerial imagery to ground-truthed biomass measurements and relating changes in biomass to hedgerow management. This study sought to develop relationships between measured biomass of hedgerows and digital elevation model (DEM) data from drones and aircraft. Furthermore, changes in hedgerow above-ground and below-ground biomass stocks were assessed using a two-point sampling approach. The developed inventory framework was then applied to a pilot study area of 419,701 hectares in Ireland. Robust relationships were developed relating DEM data to volume and above-ground biomass. Model equations were also developed linking above-ground and below-ground biomass. However, these were less robust due to the confounding impact of hedgerow management. Aboveground biomass was linearly correlated with hedge volume with irregular, unmanaged hedgerows observed to contain significantly higher amounts of aboveground biomass compared to regular, highly managed hedgerows. When the models were extrapolated to the county level, hedgerow biomass C pools are suggested to be a net emission of -0.3 tC. ha-1.yr-1 due to removals and management.
Risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain in visceral surgery: a matched case-control analysis
Authors: Perrodin Stéphanie F. , Trinh Win-Hua , Streitberger Konrad , Martinelli Claudine Di Pietro , Harnik Michael Alexander , Holzgang Melanie , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after abdominal visceral surgery is an underestimated long-term complication with relevant impact on health-related quality of life and socioeconomic costs. Early identification of affected patients is important. We aim to identify the incidence and risk factors for CPSP in this patient population.Methods: Retrospective case-control matched analysis including all patients diagnosed with CPSP after visceral surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019 was performed. One-to-two case-control matching was based on operation category (HPB, upper-GI, colorectal, transplantation, bariatric and others) and date of surgery. Potential risk factors for CPSP were identified using conditional multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among a cohort of 3730 patients, 176 (4.7%) were diagnosed with CPSP during the study period and matched to a sample of 352 control patients. Independent risk factors for CPSP were age under 55 years (OR 2.64, CI 1.51-4.61), preexisting chronic pain of any origin (OR 3.42, CI 1.75-6.67), a history of abdominal surgery (OR 1.99, CI 1.11-3.57), acute postoperative pain (OR 1.29, CI 1.16-1.44), postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR 3.73, OR 1.61-8.65), opioid use on discharge (OR 3.78, CI 2.10-6.80) and length of stay over three days (OR 2.60, CI 1.22-5.53).Conclusion: The incidence of CPSP is high and associated with specific risk factors, some of them modifiable. Special attention should be given to sufficient treatment of preexisting chronic pain and acute postoperative pain.
A Novel Method to Detect Cyber Attacks in IoT/IIoT Devices on the Modbus Protocol using Deep Learning
Authors: Gueye Thierno , Wang Yanen , Rehman Mudassar , Mushtaq Ray Tahir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dominant Intrusion Detection Models in the field of IoT/IIoT cybersecurity use network-based datasets. This paper proposes a way to perform Intrusion Detection with just the values in the registers of a device over a Modbus communication protocol. The proposed method of performing Intrusion Detection is by introducing an Embedding Layer into an otherwise simple neural network. Three neural networks were designed for the experiment and trained for both a binary classification of whether an attack occurred or not, and a multi-class classification of different types of attacks. The models performed better than the results previously reported without the use of Embedding Layers. This paper shows that a neural network with an Embedding Layer can effectively be used to model not only whether an attack occurred on a device, but also the class of attack that occurred.
Chicken cecal microbiota reduces abdominal fat deposition by regulating fat metabolism
Authors: Chen Yan , Akhtar Muhammad , Ma Ziyu , Hu Tingwei , Liu Qiyao , Pan Hong , Zhang Xiaolong , Nafady Abdallah A. , Ansari Abdur Rahman , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Shi Deshi , Liu Huazhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Rapidly developed broilers are often accompanied by excessive fat deposition and markedly decreased feed utilization, which is a severe problem in the poultry industry. Recent studies established that gut microbiota significantly alters chicken fat deposition. However, what kind of cecal bacteria can regulate fat deposition and how they control fat deposition remains unclear. Results: The abdominal fat weight and index, and average diameter of adipocytes were markedly higher in high than in low abdominal fat deposition chickens at different time points (1, 4, and 12 months). The higher expression levels of fat synthesis related genes (ACSL1, FADS1, CYP2C45, ACC, and FAS) and a lower expression of fat catabolism genes (CPT-1, and PPARα) in the liver and abdominal fat of high abdominal fat deposition chickens, indicated that an unbalanced fat metabolism leads to excessive abdominal fat deposition. Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis were found higher in high abdominal fat deposition chickens, while Bacteroides and Sphaerochaeta were higher in low abdominal fat deposition chickens at different time points. Further, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis was positively correlated with abdominal fat weight and index, and the expression level of fat anabolism genes, yet the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Sphaerochaeta was negatively correlated with these factors. Furthermore, transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with low abdominal fat deposition into one-day-old chicks significantly decreased Parabacteroides, abdominal fat weight and index, and fat anabolism genes, while markedly increased Bacteroides and Sphaerochaeta and fat catabolism genes. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that Bacteroides and Sphaerochaeta might reduce abdominal fat deposition, yet Parabacteroides Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis could promote abdominal fat deposition by regulating fat metabolism.
Assessment of groundwater quality around the open dump site near Sathyamangalam Town in Erode District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Ramaswamy Geethamani , Subramaniam Kanmani , Balu Soundara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Groundwater sources play an important role in meeting the day today needs of the present generation for various activities such as domestic, industrial, commercial and agricultural. These sources are to be protected from pollution to meet the essentials of the future generation. Frequent monitoring of the ground water source plays an important part. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality of the ground water in and around the open dumpsite near Sathyamangalam town in Erode district and to identify the variation in concentration with respect to time. Groundwater samples were collected from twenty-one locations in around the open dumpsite and analyzed for the important parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chlorides (Cl-), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Nitrates (NO3-) and Sulphates (SO42-). Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to identify the quality of water for drinking. From the results obtained, it is inferred that WQI changes with respect to different seasons and different time periods for the same season. Majority of the samples are of poor quality with respect to drinking water quality index. Gibb’s plot, Wilcox diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram are used to assess the suitability of groundwater samples for irrigation purpose. Most of the samples are good for agricultural use. Hence frequent and continuous monitoring of the groundwater quality is necessary to identify its suitability for drinking and agricultural purpose.
Frequency analysis of EEG microstate sequences in wakefulness and NREM sleep
Authors: Wiemers Milena C. , Laufs Helmut , von Wegner Frederic 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The majority of EEG microstate analyses concern wakefulness, and the existing sleep studies have focused on changes in spatial microstate properties and on microstate transitions between adjacent time points, the shortest available time scale. We present a more extensive time series analysis of unsmoothed EEG microstate sequences in wakefulness and non-REM sleep stages across many time scales. Very short time scales are assessed with Markov tests, intermediate time scales by the entropy rate and long time scales by a spectral analysis which identifies characteristic microstate frequencies.During the descent from wakefulness to sleep stage N3, we find that the increasing mean microstate duration is a gradual phenomenon explained by a continuous slowing of microstate dynamics as described by the relaxation time of the transition probability matrix. The finite entropy rate, which considers longer microstate histories, shows that microstate sequences become more predictable (less random) with decreasing vigilance level. Accordingly, the Markov property is absent in wakefulness but in sleep stage N3, 10/19 subjects have remarkably simple microstate sequences which are compatible with a second-order Markov process.A spectral microstate analysis is performed by comparing the time-lagged mutual information coefficients of microstate sequences with the autocorrelation function of the underlying EEG. We find periodic microstate behavior in all vigilance states, linked to alpha frequencies in wakefulness, theta activity in N1, sleep spindle frequencies in N2, and in the delta frequency band in N3.In summary, we show that EEG microstates are a dynamic phenomenon with oscillatory properties that slow down in sleep and are coupled to specific EEG frequencies across several sleep stages.
Determining the Source Location of Groundwater Contamination by Weierstrass’ Polynomial Approximation
Authors: Samanta Animesh , Chatterjee Ayan , Singh Mritumjay Kumar , Pasupuleti Srinivas , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a new technique, based on Weierstrass’ polynomial approximation to determine the source location of chemical contaminants and their concentration in groundwater. Validation of the technique with a previous study showed that its results were almost identical (0.2 percent difference). The technique was also validated with field data on groundwater physico-chemical parameters, including pH, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, and Potassium, which were approximated, respectively, with 6%, 3%, 8%, 10% and 25% error.
An Application of Remote Sensing/GIS to map groundwater potential zone for Hydrogeophysical Prospecting in Potwar Plateau, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Irfan , Khalid Perveiz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) mapping is fundamental target in urbanization and socio-economic development as well as environmental protection of an area. The delineation of fresh groundwater and saline water boundaries is a very crucial in water scarcity areas. Conventionally, geophysical survey is conducted for this objective, which is expensive and time consuming. Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan – a part of the Potwar Plateau – belongs to water scare area where sustainable supply of fresh water is very challenging. Remote Sensing (RS)/GIS techniques are applied for GWPZ in the study area comprised of 6,000 km2. Geology, land use/ land cover (LULC), slope, lineament density, geomorphology, rainfall, drainage density, soil type thematic maps were prepared using geological information, rainfall data and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM). The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) multi-decision making analysis indicate that the weights of multiple parameters influence the GWPZ vary from 0.36 – 0.02 with LULC receives maximum weightage and soil type with minimum weightage. Based on these thematic maps GWPZ map was prepared and the whole area under investigation was classified into five groundwater potential zones ranging from very poor to very good. The study reveals about 50 % of the entire total surface territory having good to very good potential for groundwater prospecting and around 20 % area falls in poor to very poor zone. Due to the distribution of surficial, stream deposits and agricultural area with water penetration capacity, the very good GWPZ are dominating in the south and northwestern areas in the research region.
Open Chest Duration Following Congenital Cardiac Surgery Increases Risk for Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Iguidbashian John , Feng Zihan , Colborn Kathryn L. , Barrett Cindy S. , Newman Shanna R. , Harris Marisa , Campbell David N. , Mitchell Max B. , Jaggers James , Stone Matthew L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Surgical site infections (SSI) following congenital heart surgery (CHS) remain a significant source of morbidity. Delayed sternal closure (DSC) is often required to minimize the potential for hemodynamic instability. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI among patients undergoing DSC versus primary chest closure (PCC) and to define a potential inflection point for increased risk of SSI as a function of open chest duration (OCD). METHODS: A retrospective review of our institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons dataset to identify patients undergoing CHS at our institution between 2015-2020. Incidences of SSI were compared between DSC and PCC patients. DSC patients were evaluated to determine the association of OCD and the incidence of SSI. RESULTS: 2,582 operations were performed at our institution between 2015-2020, including 195 DSC and 2,387 PCC cases. The incidence of SSI within the cohort was 1.8%. DSC patients had significantly higher incidences of SSI (8.7%) than PCC patients (1.3%, p=0.041, OR: 6.7). Further, patients with an OCD of four or more days had a significantly higher incidence of SSI (17.7%, (11/62), p=0.006) than patients with an OCD less than 4 days (5.3%, 6/115).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SSI following CHS is higher in DSC patients compared to PCC patients. Prolonged OCD of 4 days or more significantly increases the risk of SSI and represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for SSI predisposition. These data support dedicated, daily post-operative assessment of candidacy for chest closure to minimize the risk of SSI.
Complete f-moment convergence for negatively superadditive dependent random variables
Authors: Wang Liuliu , Hu Xueping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, by utilizing the Kolmogorov exponential type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent random arrays and truncated method, we study the complete f -moment convergence for arrays of rowwise NSD random variables. Some sufficient conditions to prove the complete f-moment convergence are obtained, which generalize and improve some known ones. MSC: 60F15
Opposing effects of β-2 and β-1 adrenergic receptor signaling on neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron survival in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
Authors: Torrente Daniel , Su Enming J. , Schielke Gerald P. , Warnock Mark , Mann Kris , Lawrence Daniel A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) are the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and degeneration of these neurons is reported in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), even prior to dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN), which is a hallmark of PD pathology. NE depletion is generally associated with increased PD pathology in neurotoxin-based PD models. The effect of NE depletion in other models of PD like α-synuclein-based models is largely unexplored. In PD models and in human patients, β-adrenergic receptors (AR) signaling is associated with a reduction of neuroinflammation and PD pathology. However, the effect of NE depletion in the brain and the extent of NE and β-ARs signaling involvement in neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuron survival is poorly understood.
Methods
Two mouse models of PD, a 6OHDA neurotoxin-based model and a human α-synuclein (hα-SYN) virus-based model of PD were used. DSP-4 was used to deplete NE levels in the brain and its effect was confirmed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. A pharmacological approach was used to mechanistically understand the impact of DSP-4 in the hα-SYN model of PD using a norepinephrine transporter (NET) and a β-AR blocker. Epifluorescence and confocal imaging were used to study changes in microglia activation and T-cell infiltration after β1-AR and β2-AR agonist treatment in the hα-SYN virus-based model of PD.
Results
Consistent with previous studies we found that DSP-4 pretreatment increased dopaminergic neuron loss after 6OHDA injection. In contrast, DSP-4 pretreatment protected dopaminergic neurons after hα-SYN overexpression. DSP-4-mediated protection of dopaminergic neurons after hα-SYN overexpression was dependent on β-AR signaling since using a β-AR blocker prevented DSP-4-mediated dopaminergic neuron protection in this model of PD. Finally, we found that the β-2AR agonist, clenbuterol, reduced microglia activation, T-cell infiltration, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration whereas xamoterol a β-1AR agonist showed increased neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the context of hα-SYN-mediated neurotoxicity.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that the effects of DSP-4 on dopaminergic neuron degeneration are model specific, and suggest that in the context of α-SYN driven neuropathology β2-AR specific agonists may have therapeutic benefit in PD.
Games of GANs: Game-Theoretical Models for Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Moghadam Monireh Mohebbi , Boroomand Bahar , Jalali Mohammad , Zareian Arman , Daeijavad Alireza , Manshaei Mohammad Hossein , Krunz Marwan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently attracted considerable attention in the AI community due to their ability to generate high-quality data of significant statistical resemblance to real data. Fundamentally, GAN is a game between two neural networks trained in an adversarial manner to reach a zero-sum Nash equilibrium profile. Despite the improvement accomplished in GANs in the last few years, several issues remain to be solved. This paper reviews the literature on the game-theoretic aspects of GANs and addresses how game theory models can address specific challenges of generative models and improve the GAN's performance. We first present some preliminaries, including the basic GAN model and some game theory background. We then present taxonomy to classify state-of-the-art solutions into three main categories: modified game models, modified architectures, and modified learning methods. The classification is based on modifications made to the basic GAN model by proposed game-theoretic approaches in the literature. We then explore the objectives of each category and discuss recent works in each class. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and present future research directions.
Chorioamnionitis-exposure alters serum cytokine trends in premature neonates
Authors: Stepanovich Gretchen , Chapman Cole , Meserve Krista , Sturza Julie , Ellsworth Lindsay , Bailey Ryan , Bermick Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: Determine the duration of chorioamnionitis-induced altered immune responses in preterm neonates. Study Design: A 7-plex immunoassay measured levels of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, CCL2 and CCL3 longitudinally in residual serum samples from chorioamnionitis-exposed and unexposed preterm neonates less than 33 weeks’ gestation. Results: Chorioamnionitis-exposed and unexposed preterm neonates demonstrated differences in the trends of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a and CCL2 over the first month of life. The unexposed neonates demonstrated elevated levels of these inflammatory markers in the first one to two weeks of life with a decrease to baseline levels by the third week of life, while the chorioamnionitis-exposed neonates demonstrated differences over time without a predictable pattern. Chorioamnionitis-exposed and unexposed neonates demonstrated altered IL-10 and TNF-a trajectories over the first twelve weeks of life.Conclusion: Chorioamnionitis induces a state of immune dysregulation that persists for at least twelve weeks following delivery in preterm neonates.
Phase space Feynman path integrals of parabolic type on the torus as analysis on path space
Authors: Kumano-go Naoto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We provide general sets of functionals for which parabolic phase space Feynman path integrals on the torus Td ≡ (R/2πZ)d have a mathematically rigorous meaning. More exactly, for each functional belonging to each set, the time slicing approximation of the phase space path integral converges uniformly on compact subsets of Td ×Zd to some function of the ending point of position paths and the starting point of momentum paths. Each set of functionals is closed under addition, multiplication, translation, invertible integer linear transformation, and functional differentiation. As a result, we can create a large number of path integrable functionals. Though we must exercise caution when using phase space path integrals, several properties comparable to those of conventional integrals are applicable.Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 81S40 · 35S05 · 35K25
Anterior gradient 2 induces resistance to sorafenib via endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Cheng Yi , Tsai Hung-Wen , Chen Yi-Li , Wang Chun-I , Lin Yang-Hsiang , Chu Pei-Ming , Huang Yi-Ching 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for almost 80% of all liver cancers and is the sixth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The survival rate of sorafenib-treated advanced HCC patients is still unsatisfactory. Unfortunately, no useful biomarkers have been verified to predict sorafenib efficacy in HCC. We assessed a sorafenib resistance-related microarray dataset and found that anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is highly associated with overall and recurrence-free survival and several clinical parameters in HCC. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of AGR2 in sorafenib resistance and HCC progression remain unknown. We found that sorafenib induces AGR2 secretion via posttranslational modification, and AGR2 plays a critical role in sorafenib-regulated cell viability and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces apoptosis in sorafenib-sensitive cells. Sorafenib downregulated intracellular AGR2 and conversely induces AGR2 secretion, which suppresses its regulation of ER stress and cell survival in sorafenib-sensitive cells. In addition, AGR2 is highly intracellularly expressed in sorafenib-resistant cells, which supports ER homeostasis and cell survival. We suggest that AGR2 regulates ER stress to influence HCC progression and sorafenib resistance. This is the first report that AGR2 can modulate ER homeostasis via the IRE1α-XBP1 cascade to regulate HCC progression and sorafenib resistance. Elucidation of the predictive value of AGR2 and its molecular and cellular mechanisms in sorafenib resistance could provide additional opportunities for HCC treatment.