bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Settler Colonial Determinants of Indigenous Health Within the United States: A Discursive Paper
Authors: Thomas Nicole A. , Ersig Anne L. , Nelson Lonnie A , Owen Brenda , Whyte Kyle Powys , Wispelwey Bram , Bratzke Lisa C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAim(s)This discursive article aims to examine how systemic factors (both) reproduce the structure of settler colonialism and influence health outcomes among Indigenous peoples in the United States through settler colonial determinants of Indigenous health (SCDoIH).DesignDiscursive paper.MethodsThis discursive paper demonstrates how settler colonialism and health relate to each other within a nursing context. The concept of settler colonialism that was consolidated into a scholarly field beginning in the late 1990s is used to identify and contextualize SCDoIH for individuals residing in the United States as an entry point to advance scholarship on settler colonialism and nursing.ResultsA research framework that identifies factors of settler colonialism and SCDoIH within the United States is presented.ConclusionThe structure of settler colonialism in the United States includes settler colonial determinants of health for Indigenous populations that have detrimental effects on health outcomes.Implications for NursingTo provide holistic nursing care, nurses must be aware of settler colonialism as a determinant of health. Nurses providing care to Indigenous peoples need to be attuned to the pathways and processes through which settler colonialism leads to exposures that may affect their patients’ health.
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of a Survey Questionnaire for Online Laboratory Courses in Mechanical Engineering Programs
Authors: Yusoff Noriah , Abd Razak Azli , Mohd Abbas Norliana 
Published: January 2025

In Mechanical Engineering academic program, the laboratory courses were conventionally hands-on nature that requires access to specialized equipment for practical learning experience purposes. However, immediate execution of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) during the global pandemic of COVID-19 has shaped new phenomena in teaching and learning including the laboratory courses. Assessment of the potential to continue with the online approach for the laboratory courses for better accessibility, flexibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness is necessary. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the designed survey questionnaires in investigating the suitability of conducting Mechanical Engineering laboratory courses in tertiary education via ODL method. The laboratory courses in Mechanical Engineering programs are diverse, each focusing on different areas of the discipline such as Manufacturing Process, Engineering Workshops, Applied Mechanics, Computer Aided Design and Thermofluids. However, the question was designed to suit all the laboratory courses offered by the program. Three domains of online delivery were investigated, the course delivery method, the assessment method, and suitability of the online delivery method. The reliability and validity of the survey questionnaire were assessed through a pilot test with a minimum of thirty respondents by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cronbach Alpha (CA). The analysis is done by deploying the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The analysis results indicate the survey questionnaires are reliable and valid, the Cronbach Alpha value of 0.928 and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index of 0.81. Thus, the survey questionnaires can be disseminated at large for the actual data collection purposes.
Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Capsicum annuum Seed and Pericarp Extracts
Authors: Ab Rahman Muhammad Hafiz , Mohd Jusoh Yanti Maslina , Hashim Zanariah 
Published: January 2025

Capsicum annuum, a type of chilli, is a species that is extensively grown, a good source of bioactive chemicals, and an important component of diets that promotes health. Waste seeds from chilli processing have the potential to be used as an alternative source for antioxidants due to their chemical compositions, however, C. annuum seeds are still poorly studied. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the differences between C. annuum pericarp and seed extracts in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The pericarp extract exhibited a higher level of total phenolics (31.26 ± 6.71 μg GAE/mg dry weight) compared to the seeds (26.76 ± 2.08 μg GAE/mg dry weight) albeit not statistically significant. Similarly, a higher total flavonoid content was observed in the pericarp compared with the seed extract (21.65 ± 1.13 vs. 16.43 ± 0.37 μg QE/mg dry weight, p < 0.05). As a result, in comparison to the seed extract, the pericarp extract likewise demonstrated a greater DPPH radical scavenging activity. Despite having lower levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and DPPH scavenging activity than the pericarp, the seed extract is nevertheless significant and may be used as a substitute source of phenolics or other compounds rather than being thrown away as waste. This study promotes sustainability and the conversion of waste product into valuable resources of that may be used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and food industry.
Am I a Good Lecturer? An Exploratory Analysis of Undergraduate Student’s Perception of Lecturers’ Effectiveness
Authors: Noor Hisham Alia Sofea , Ruzman Haifa Nasuha , Mohd Noor Nurul Hidayana 
Published: January 2025

Often, lecturers feel they have done what they should have done as educators, while some lecturers need formal education in the science of teaching and learning. Sometimes the skill element needs to be emphasised by the lecturers. Lecturers must be competent in explaining lessons, relating current issues, using problem-solving techniques, and questioning students to see their understanding. As for the ICT skills element, lecturers must be proficient in using gadgets and applications, Internet searches, social networks, and other technologies for teaching purposes. For interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, lecturers need to understand their abilities, motivate themselves, and know their weaknesses. This study's objective is to examine the influence of teaching and learning technology, lecturer character, and supporting facility on lecturer’s teaching effectiveness based on student perception. Employing a systematic sampling, 271 undergraduate students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, were selected as a sample. The study's implications are helpful for lecturers to practice those skill elements to make them more excellent in the teaching and learning process. The study's design is to use a descriptive survey method, and data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The study also found significant relationships between teaching and learning technology, lecturer character, supporting facility, and lecturer’s teaching effectiveness. Moreover, the lecturer's character was revealed as the most significant predictor. Several suggestions have been made to prepare oneself to become a dynamic educator.
Comparison of the performance of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) and highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) spectacles
Authors: Lembo Andrea , Schiavetti Irene , Serafino Massimiliano , Caputo Roberto , Nucci Paolo 
Published: January 2025

PurposeA performance comparison of two myopia control spectacle lens designs, defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) and highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), at slowing myopia progression in a European child/adolescent population. Previous research directly comparing these designs has been limited to Chinese participants and 1-year follow-up. The prevalence of myopia in European child/adolescent has been estimated at 22.60%.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of individuals (6–17 years) with myopia progression. Participants wore DIMS (Hoya MiyoSmart) or HAL (Essilor Stellest) spectacles for a minimum of 2 years. Axial length (AL) and cycloplegic autorefraction (spherical equivalent refraction (SER)) were measured at baseline and 1 and 2 years.ResultsMean 1-year SER changes for DIMS were −0.34D (±0.46 SD) and HAL −0.30D (±0.30); 2-year changes for DIMS were −0.50D (±0.64 SD) and HAL −0.63D (±0.56). Mean 1-year AL increases for DIMS were 0.19 mm (±0.56) and HAL 0.15 mm (±0.47); 2-year increases for DIMS were 0.29 mm (±0.63) and HAL 0.32 mm (±0.72). For equivalence margins of 0.25D and 0.50D for SER at 1 and 2 years, respectively, and similarly 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm margins for AL, DIMS and HAL lenses were equivalent apart from AL at 1 year where the 0.21 mm 95% CI upper limit just exceeded 0.20 mm. At both 1 and 2 years, none of the differences in mean SERs or ALs between DIMS and HAL were clinically or statistically significant (p≥0.05 Mann–Whitney U test). Using linear mixed model analysis, the interaction between lens type and time did not significantly affect SER or AL at 1- or 2-year follow-up (p≥0.05). 38.4% of children/adolescents with DIMS had no SER progression at 2 years, compared with 21.9% with HAL (p=0.047).ConclusionIn a European population, DIMS and HAL lenses are essentially equivalent in their ability to reduce myopia progression and AL elongation over a 2-year follow-up period.
Stakeholder prioritization preferences for individuals awaiting hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Farrow Luke , Clement Nick D. , Smith Diane , Dominic Meek R. M. , Ryan Mandy , Gillies Katie , Anderson Lesley 
Published: January 2025

AimsProlonged waits for hip and knee arthroplasty have raised questions about the equity of current approaches to waiting list prioritization for those awaiting surgery. We therefore set out to understand key stakeholder (patient and surgeon) preferences for the prioritization of patients awaiting such surgery, in order to guide future waiting list redesign.MethodsA combined qualitative/quantitative approach was used. This comprised a Delphi study to first inform which factors patients and surgeons designate as important for prioritization of patients on hip and knee arthroplasty waiting lists, followed by a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to determine how the factors should be weighed against each other. Coefficient values for each included DCE attribute were used to construct a ‘priority score’ (weighted benefit score) that could be used to rank individual patients waiting for surgery based on their respective characteristics.ResultsIn total, 43 people participated in the initial round of the Delphi study (16 patients and 27 surgeons), with a 91% completion rate across all three rounds. Overall, 73 surgeons completed the DCE. Following the final consensus meeting of the Delphi component, the seven final factors designated for inclusion were Pain, Mobility/Function, Activities of Daily Living, Inability to Work/Care, Length of Time Waited, Radiological Severity, and Mental Wellbeing. Output from the adjusted multinomial regression revealed radiological severity to be the most significant factor (coefficient 2.27 (SD 0.31); p < 0.001), followed by pain (coefficient 1.08 (SD 0.13); p < 0.001) and time waited (coefficient for one month additional wait 0.12 (SD 0.02); p < 0.001).ConclusionThese results present a new robust method for determining comparative priority for those on primary hip and knee hip arthroplasty waiting lists. Evaluation of potential implementation in clinical practice is now required.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):89–96.
Robotic arm-assisted medial compartment knee arthroplasty is a cost-effective intervention at ten-year follow-up
Authors: Blyth Mark J. G. , Clement Nick D. , Choo Xin Y. , Doonan James , MacLean Angus , Jones Bryn G. 
Published: January 2025

AimsThe aim of this study was to perform an incremental cost-utility analysis and assess the impact of differential costs and case volume on the cost-effectiveness of robotic arm-assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (rUKA) compared to manual (mUKA).MethodsTen-year follow-up of patients who were randomized to rUKA (n = 64) or mUKA (n = 65) was performed. Patients completed the EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire preoperatively, at three months, and one, two, five, and ten years postoperatively, which was used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs for the index and additional surgery and healthcare costs were calculated.ResultsmUKA had a lower survival for reintervention (84.8% (95% CI 76.2 to 93.4); p = 0.001), all-cause revision (88.9% (95% CI 81.3 to 96.5); p = 0.007) and aseptic revision (91.9% (95% CI 85.1 to 98.7); p = 0.023) when compared to the rUKA group at ten years, which was 100%. The rUKA group had a greater QALY gain per patient (mean difference 0.186; p = 0.651). Overall rUKA was the dominant intervention, being cost-saving and more effective with a greater health-related quality of life gain. On removal of infected reinterventions (n = 2), the ICER was £757 (not discounted) and £481 (discounted). When including all reintervention costs, rUKA was cost-saving when more than 100 robotic cases were performed per year. When removing the infected cases, rUKA was cost-saving when undertaking more than 800 robotic cases per year.ConclusionrUKA had lower reintervention and revision risks at ten years, which was cost-saving and associated with a greater QALY gain, and was the dominant procedure. When removing the cost of infection, which could be a random event, rUKA was a cost-effective intervention with an ICER (£757) which was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold (£20,000).Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):72–80.
A systematic review of short- compared with standard-length Exeter stems in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mc Donald Stephen , Yoong Andrel , Evans Jonathan T. , Farrow Luke 
Published: January 2025

AimsThe Exeter femoral stem has a cemented, polished taper-slip design, and an excellent track record. The current range includes short-length options for various offsets, but less is known about the performance of these stems. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of short-length stems with standard-length Exeter stems.MethodsA systematic review of all studies reporting the use of short-length Exeter stems in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) was undertaken. Survival data, the indication for revision, and patient-reported outcomes were gathered from observational and randomized studies. Studies based on registry data were analyzed separately.ResultsThe review included nine studies which covered a total of 2,190 short stems. The mean follow-up was 6.4 years (2 to 12) with an all-cause survival of 95.4%. When revisions due to aseptic acetabular loosening were excluded, the survival was 97.7%. Four stems fractured (0.18%). The mean Oxford Hip Score improved from 18.29 (1.33 to 21.6) preoperatively to 41.59 (32.9 to 43.4) at final follow-up. Three studies used data from national registries. A total of 25,895 short stems (offset ≤ 35.5 mm) were used compared with 336,218 standard-length stems. In these studies, short stems had a hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause survival of 1.19 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.43) with a rate of revision per 1,000 component-years of 0.037 compared with 0.035 for standard-length stems. One study from the New Zealand Joint Registry divided short stems into standard and small offset groups. Standard offset short stems (≥ 37.5 mm) had a 0.84 HR (95% CI 0.38 to 1.88) while small offset short stems (≤ 35.5 mm) had a 1.6 HR compared with standard stems (95% CI 1.3 to 1.98).ConclusionShort Exeter stems perform well and are a safe femoral component in primary THA, according to the current literature. There does not appear to be an increased risk of implant fracture associated with these stems.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):27–33.
Supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children: a feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Gurney Matilda , Manning Joseph C. , James Marilyn , Ogollah Reuben , Durand Charlotte , Ollivere Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2025

AimsIt is unclear if a supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking cast offers the best outcome following low-risk ankle fractures in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to compare these treatments.MethodsChildren aged five to 15 years with low-risk ankle fractures were recruited to this feasibility trial from 1 February 2020 to 30 March 2023. Children were randomized to supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking cast for two weeks. Follow-up at two, six, and 12 weeks was undertaken to determine feasibility for a definitive trial. Outcomes collected included complications, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) mobility score, Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, youth version of the EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire, and Activities Scale for Kids - Performance.ResultsA total of 87 children from six hospitals were randomized at a rate of 0.9 participants per site per month. Two children in the supportive bandage group crossed over to an alternative device. Complications were reported in six children. One child in the cast group developed skin blisters. One child in cast and one in bandage sustained a reinjury during the 12-week follow-up, and two children (one splint and one cast) required additional immobilization after the two-week treatment for persistent pain. Of the 84 participants who remained in the study at six weeks, 43 (51.2%) returned follow-up questionnaires at six weeks. Of the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), proxy-reported PROMIS mobility showed good responsiveness, low ceiling effects, and low missing item rates. In an exploratory analysis, small differences were observed between groups, with no evidence that any of the treatments were superior.ConclusionThis feasibility study showed acceptable recruitment and retention rates. There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment of these injuries. All three treatments appear well tolerated with similar complication rates. A primary outcome of complications or treatment failure would provide the highest study retention with secondary PROMs and economic analysis.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):108–117.
Hip-lumbar mobility loss affects quality of life in patients undergoing both lumbar fusion and total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Tokuyasu Hiroyuki , Kim Youngwoo , Vergari Claudio , Tada Hiroshi , Tanaka Chiaki , Takemoto Mitsuru 
Published: January 2025

AimsOverall sagittal flexion is restricted in patients who have undergone both lumbar fusion and total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, it is not evident to what extent this movement is restricted in these patients and how this influences quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which hip-lumbar mobility is decreased in these patients, and how this affects their QoL score.MethodsPatients who underwent primary THA at our hospital between January 2010 and March 2021 were considered (n = 976). Among them, 44 patients who underwent lumbar fusion were included as cases, and 44 THA patients without lumbar disease matched by age, sex, and BMI as Control T. Among those who underwent lumbar fusion, 44 patients without hip abnormalities matched by age, sex, and BMI to the cases were considered as Control F. Outcome and spinopelvic parameters were measured radiologically in extension and flexed-seated positions. Hip, lumbar, and hip-lumbar mobility were calculated as parameter changes between positions.ResultsThere were 20 male and 112 female patients in the case and control groups, with a mean age of 77 years (5 to 94) and a mean BMI of 24 kg/m2 (15 to 34). QoL score and hip-lumbar mobility were reduced in cases compared to Control T and F, and were further reduced as the number of fused levels increased. Hip-lumbar mobility was associated with reduction in activity-related QoL, mostly for those activities requiring sagittal flexion.ConclusionThis study confirmed that hip-lumbar mobility is a factor that influences activity, most of all those requiring overall sagittal flexion. Clinicians should focus on hip-lumbar mobility and counteract disability by suggesting appropriate assistive devices.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):34–41.
Implant survival at four years for hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head
Authors: Smeitink Nick , Schröder Femke F. , Dorrestijn Oscar , Spekenbrink-Spooren Anneke , Govaert Louise H. M. , Veen Egbert J. D. 
Published: January 2025

AimsHemiarthroplasty (HA) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are often the preferred forms of treatment for patients with atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head when conservative treatment fails. Little has been reported about the survival of HA and TSA for this indication. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in revision rates between HA and TSA in these patients, to determine whether one of these implants has a superior survival and may be a better choice in the treatment of this condition.MethodsData from 280 shoulders with 159 primary HAs and 121 TSAs, which were undertaken in patients with atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head between January 2014 and January 2023 from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register (LROI), were included. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were undertaken.ResultsWithin four years of follow-up, a total of 15 revisions were required, involving seven HAs (4%) and eight TSAs (7%). This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.523). Two HAs were revised because of progressive glenoid erosion, and three TSAs were revised for loosening of the glenoid component. The cumulative percentages of revision of HA and TSA were 6% and 8%, respectively (HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.7)).ConclusionWe found no significant difference in short- to mid-term implant survival between the use of a HA and a TSA in the treatment of atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head, without significant glenoid wear.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):97–102.