bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft‐switched full‐bridge converter for LED lighting applications with reduced switch current
Authors: Patakamoori Aswini , Udumula Ramanjaneya Reddy , Nizami Tousif Khan , Ch Kasi Ramakrishna Reddy , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLighting systems using light‐emitting diode (LED) have drawn significant attention across the world. This is due to their promising features such as high energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emission, and eco‐friendly nature. However, these systems require constant current regulators to provide constant illumination. This article proposes a soft‐switched full‐bridge LED driver circuit for dc‐grid applications with dimming control operation. The circuit consists of a soft‐switched full‐bridge converter to power different LED lamps with reduced device count from dc‐grid voltage. The semiconductor switches of the full‐bridge converter conduct a small current during on time due to interleaved inductor and equal current sharing of lamp‐2 and lamp‐3. This feature reduces the conduction losses. In addition, the proposed converter yields less component count per lamp, dimming operation through on–off control and zero voltage switching, which results in low switching losses. The detailed steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter for dc‐grid applications with dimming control operation is presented in this work. The performance of the proposed converter is compared with other similar topologies available in the recent literature. Numerical simulations and real‐time experimental validations are conducted to evaluate the steady‐state performance of the proposed converter topology for LED applications, driving multiple lamp loads from dc‐grid. It has been established that the efficiency of the proposed full‐bridge converter is 97.52% at the rated power.
Preparing students to engage with science‐ and technology‐related misinformation: The role of epistemic insight
Authors: Billingsley Berry , Heyes Joshua M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHelping students to become more resilient to online misinformation is widely recognised as an essential task for education in a rapidly digitalising world. Students need both scientific knowledge and epistemic insight to navigate online spaces containing sensationalised reports of scientific and technological developments. Epistemic insight involves epistemic curiosity and the ability to think critically about the nature, application and communication of knowledge. This includes developing an understanding of the power and limitations of science and a curiosity regarding its relationship with other disciplines. We present a workshop designed for school students aged 16–18 titled ‘Can science and technology cure loneliness?’, designed to develop students' epistemic insight through investigating loneliness through a multidisciplinary perspective. We discuss how the design and pedagogy of this workshop might help students to build epistemic humility—the recognition that no single disciplinary perspective can complete our knowledge about a given topic. As part of a broader programme, epistemic insight‐based pedagogies have the potential to develop students' resistance to science‐ and technology‐related misinformation and prepare them for their potential role in shaping our scientific and technological future.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes in PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Chandra Alvin , Polanczyk Carisi A. , Claggett Brian L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Packer Milton , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Rouleau Jean L. , Liu Jiankang , Shi Victor C. , Schwende Heike , Zile Michael R. , Desai Akshay S. , Pfeffer Marc A. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Lewis Eldrin F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is associated with poor health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have similar HRQL impairment as those with reduced ejection fraction. This study describes the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on HRQL in patients with HFpEF enrolled in the PARAGON‐HF trial.Methods and resultsPatients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and EuroQol (EQ‐5D) at randomization, 4, 8 months, and annually thereafter. Changes in HRQL scores were evaluated using repeated measures models adjusted for treatment, baseline values and region. The pre‐specified principal efficacy assessment was at 8 months at which time patients randomized to sacubitril/valsartan had borderline higher KCCQ clinical summary score (CSS) with least squares mean (LSM) adjusted difference of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0, 2.1; p = 0.051). Including all visits up to 36 months, the LSM difference in KCCQ‐CSS favoured sacubitril/valsartan with average adjusted difference of 1.1 (95% CI 0.1, 2.0; p = 0.034). Patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan had greater odds of clinically meaningful improvement (≥5‐point increase) in KCCQ‐CSS (odds ratio 1.31; 95% CI 1.06, 1.61) at 8 months. At 8 months, there was no significant difference in the EQ visual analogue scale between the treatment arms, but sacubitril/valsartan was associated with higher EQ‐5D utility score (US‐based) with LSM adjusted difference of 0.01 (95% CI 0.00, 0.02; p = 0.019).ConclusionCompared with valsartan, sacubitril/valsartan had a borderline benefit on KCCQ‐CSS at 8 months in patients with HFpEF. This benefit became more significant when data from all visits up to 36 months were included. This modest overall benefit was also supported by greater odds of patients reporting a clinically meaningful improvement in HRQL with sacubitril/valsartan.
Ruthenium Complexes of Rigid, Dianionic, Tetradentate N‐Donor Ligands and their Potential as Catalysts for Water Oxidation
Authors: Rajabi Sheida , Rüttger Franziska , Lücken Jana , Dechert Sebastian , John Michael , Meyer Franc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes based on dianionic {N4} ligands and with axial pyridines have been prepared and characterized crystallographically (1) or by 2D NMR spectroscopy using residual dipolar couplings (2). The {N4} ligands provide a constrained equatorial coordination with one large N−Ru−N angle, and additional non‐coordinating N atoms in case of 2. Their redox properties have been investigated (spectro)electrochemically, and their potential to serve as water oxidation catalysts has been probed using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at pH 1.0. Complex 1 undergoes rapid degradation, likely via ligand oxidation, whereas 2 is more rugged and exhibits 80 % efficiency in the CeIV‐driven water oxidation, with a high initial turnover frequency (TOFi) of 3.07×10−2 s−1 (at 100 equiv. CAN). The initial rate of O2 evolution exhibits 1st order dependence on catalyst concentration, suggesting a water nucleophilic attack mechanism. Repeated addition of CAN and control experiments show that high ionic strength conditions (both NO3− and CeIII) significantly decrease the TOF.
Electrochemical Glyphosate Sensor Based on Hybrid Material SiO2/Sm2O3/Carbon Modified with Meldola Blue
Authors: Vieira Blasques Rodrigo , Fernandes‐Junior Wilson S. , Vieira Mendes Ana Márcia Rabelo , Rose Castro Costa Andressa , Canevari Thiago C. , Ticona Arenas Leliz , Barcellos da Rosa Marcelo , Nunes Gilvanda Silva , Campos Janegitz Bruno , Chagas Silva Maria Raimunda , Pividori María Isabel , Mendes Villis Paulo Cesar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have proposed an electrochemical sensor for the detection of pesticides by using a ceramic composite with a SiO2 surface modified with Sm2O3 nanoparticles and C‐graphite (SSMG), obtained by the sol‐gel process and immobilized by adsorption in Meldola Blue cationic dye (MB). The composite was called (SSMG/MB), which was characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical techniques, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Cyclic Voltammetry. The proposed sensor was applied for the glyphosate electrochemical detection, using Differential Pulse Voltammetry, and, under optimized parameters has presented the linear response for the pesticide in the concentration range from 0.99 to 7.94 (μmol L−1; R2=0.9963; n=8). The calculated values for the detection limit and the quantification limit were 0.15 and 0.49 μmol L−1, respectively. Therefore, the new electrochemical sensor based on SiO2, NPsSm2O3, C‐graphite, and MB hybrid material was developed for the first time for glyphosate determination, which has demonstrated high potential for the development of new hybrid devices for environmental control.
Host‐guest Assembly Based on γ‐Cyclodextrin‐functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Rutin Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Neto Antônio , de Matos Morawski Franciele , Caroline Ferreira Santos Ana , Quintino da Rocha Cláudia , Batista de Lima Roberto , Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Marília , Costa dos Santos Clenilton , Colmati Flávio , Euzébio Goulart Santana Antônio , Aurélio Suller Garcia Marco , Atsushi Tanaka Auro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere, we report multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with γ‐cyclodextrins (γCD) as a novel electrochemical strategy for Rutin determination, showing superior performance than β‐cyclodextrins (βCD) modified MWCNTs, suggesting an adequate environment for host‐guest interactions. Under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a linear range of 39–975 nmol L−1 and a limit of detection of 7 nmol L−1. When tested with quercetin, catechin, and caffeine, the platform presented high selectivity with an interference response <10 %. The method was employed to quantify Rutin in spiked pharmaceutical and herbal extracts, providing recovery of 93–98.4 %. Also, HPLC‐PDA confirmed the method‘s accuracy.
Protective effects of Isodon Suzhouensis extract and glaucocalyxin A on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through SOCS3–JAKs/STATs pathway
Authors: Zhai Kefeng , Wang Wei , Zheng Mengqing , Khan Ghulam Jilany , Wang Qunbo , Chang Jingwen , Dong Zeng , Zhang Xingtao , Duan Hong , Gong Zipeng , Cao Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible disease with the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and several physical limitations. Isodon Suzhouensis is a unique Chinese medicinal plant used for both medicine and food. It possesses strong anti‐inflammatory effects that may treat COPD. Considering the fact that the effects of Isodon Suzhouensis extract (WZZE) and its active ingredient glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on COPD have never been reported before, this study aimed to investigate the effects of WZZE and GLA against COPD and its underlying mechanistic pathway in COPD model rats or in CSE‐induced NR8383 cells. The variation in lung physiology was measured through spirometry while histopathological changes were studied via H&E staining of the COPD model rats lung samples. The levels of cytokine and other immunomodulatory proteins were determined by ELISA. Apoptosis of lung tissue cells was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related pathways and other proteins. The results show that WZZE improved the relevant lung function indicators, while restoring the activity of immunoglobulins (Ig A, IgG) and inhibiting the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thereby improving the body's immunity and inhibiting inflammation of the airways and lungs, slowing the progression of COPD. The results of H&E staining indicated that WZZE is capable of improving the pathological injury associated with COPD. In addition, the administration of WZZE reduced the expression of MUC5AC protein induced and the apoptosis rate of lung tissue cells in COPD model rats. The results also showed that WZZE significantly increased the expression of SOCS3 and inhibited the expression of JAKs/STATs pathway‐related proteins in COPD rats. In addition, GLA can also upregulate the expression of SOCS3 protein, inhibit JAKs/STATs pathway, inhibit the expression level of MUC5AC, upregulate the expression level of immunoglobulin, and downregulate the expression level of proinflammatory factors in NR8383 cells induced by CSE. Present study findings suggest that WZZE and GLA may ameliorate the progression of COPD via the SOCS3–JAKs/STATs pathway in COPD rats or in CSE‐induced NR8383.
Effects of paramylon‐rich Euglena gracilisEOD‐1 powder on visceral fat obesity in moderately obese Japanese adults: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial
Authors: Aoe Seiichiro , Kawano Takanori , Naito Junko , Nishida Norihisa , Takahashi Madoka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo investigate whether supplementation of paramylon (PM)‐rich Euglena gracilis EOD‐1 powder (EOD‐1) reduces visceral fat obesity in moderately obese Japanese subjects. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled intervention study was conducted involving 36 Japanese adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m2. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups to consume EOD‐1 capsules (EOD‐1 group, 2.6 g PM/day) or cellulose capsules (placebo group) for a 12‐week period. Anthropometric measurements including visceral fat area (VFA) and blood samples were measured at baseline and throughout the trial. There was no significant difference in VFA between the two groups, although subgroup analysis by gender showed a significant decrease in VFA in the male EOD‐1 group compared with the placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels in all subjects from the EOD‐1 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group. By comparison with the placebo group, the subjects in the EOD‐1 group showed a significant reduction in serum HbA1c levels. EOD‐1 intake led to a significant reduction in VFA in male subjects with moderate obesity (BMI 25–30 kg/m2). PM in EOD‐1 may contribute to preventing visceral fat obesity in male Japanese subjects. Moreover, PM may also contribute to improving glucose homeostasis in moderately obese Japanese adults.
Geochemical and mineralogical contrasts between economic and uneconomic granite porphyries in the Beiya giant Au deposit, southwest China: Implications for petrogenesis and Cu–Au mineralization
Authors: Bao Xinshang , He Wenyan , Mao Jingwen , Liang Ting , Zhou Yunman 
Published: November 2022

The Beiya giant porphyry Au deposit is the largest Cenozoic Au deposit in the Jinshajiang Cu–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. Many granite porphyries of ~36 Ma were exposed in the Beiya deposit, including the Wandongshan (WDS) and Hongnitang monzogranite porphyries (HNT–MPs) with economically important Au metal resources, the uneconomic WDS biotite MP, and Putaishan granite porphyry (GP), and subeconomic MPs at Nandaping (NDP) and Matouwan (MTW) prospects. To reveal the fundamental factors that lead to the different fertility of these granitic porphyries, this study uses the biotite and zircon geochemical compositions to evaluate their petrogenetic and magmatic conditions (e.g., F content, pressure, fO2). The results show that biotites from economic WDS and HNT–MPs exhibit moderate F contents (0.85%–2.16%), low n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios (average of 0.36), and shallow emplacement depths of 0.19–1.76 km. In contrast, the uneconomic granite porphyries are characterized by variable F contents (0.17%–2.75%), high n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios (average of 0.43), and deep emplacement depths of 2.76 to 5.02 km. Moreover, the economic WDS and HNT–MPs display higher average zircon fO2 (ΔFMQ [fayalite–magnetite–quartz] of +0.88) than uneconomic granite porphyries (ΔFMQ of −0.19), further confirming a higher fO2 of the economic granitic porphyries. These features indicate that magmatic fO2 is a critical factor controlling Cu–Au mineralization at the Beiya Au deposit. In comparison with the economic WDS and HNT–MPs, the subeconomic MPs in the MTW and NDP prospects exhibit higher average biotite n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios of 0.47 and 0.45, and lower average zircon ΔFMQ of −0.05 and −0.23, suggesting lower magmatic fO2 and thus have relatively weak potentials to form Cu–Au mineralization. Notably, the economic WDS and HNT–MPs have higher biotite XMg ratios than those of the subeconomic and uneconomic granitic porphyries, indicating that the economic MPs were formed by the partial melting of mixed lower crustal materials with more mantle‐derived materials. Therefore, the addition of mantle‐derived materials played an important role in determining the fO2 of the granitic porphyry, thus primarily controlling its fertility of Cu–Au mineralization.
Generative adversarial network constrained multiple loss autoencoder: A deep learning‐based individual atrophy detection for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Shi Rong , Sheng Can , Jin Shichen , Zhang Qi , Zhang Shuoyan , Zhang Liang , Ding Changchang , Wang Luyao , Wang Lei , Han Ying , Jiang Jiehui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExploring individual brain atrophy patterns is of great value in precision medicine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the current individual brain atrophy detection models are deficient. Here, we proposed a framework called generative adversarial network constrained multiple loss autoencoder (GANCMLAE) for precisely depicting individual atrophy patterns. The GANCMLAE model was trained using normal controls (NCs) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, and the Xuanwu cohort was employed to validate the robustness of the model. The potential of the model for identifying different atrophy patterns of MCI subtypes was also assessed. Furthermore, the clinical application potential of the GANCMLAE model was investigated. The results showed that the model can achieve good image reconstruction performance on the structural similarity index measure (0.929 ± 0.003), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (31.04 ± 0.09), and mean squared error (0.0014 ± 0.0001) with less latent loss in the Xuanwu cohort. The individual atrophy patterns extracted from this model are more precise in reflecting the clinical symptoms of MCI subtypes. The individual atrophy patterns exhibit a better discriminative power in identifying patients with AD and MCI from NCs than those of the t‐test model, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.867 (95%: 0.837–0.897) and 0.752 (95%: 0.71–0.790), respectively. Similar findings are also reported in the AD and MCI subgroups. In conclusion, the GANCMLAE model can serve as an effective tool for individualised atrophy detection.
A nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Li Ruoqiao , Yue Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo construct and validate a nomogram for patients with endometrial carcinoma to predict the 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsDemographic and clinical pathologic characteristics of patients with endometrial carcinoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to identify the independent characteristics and further included into the construction of a nomogram. Finally, concordance index and calibration curves were used to validate the nomogram.ResultsA total of 49 844 patients were enrolled into our analysis. The results of univariate Cox analysis showed that age, race, marital status, FIGO Stage, grade, and metastatic status to bone, brain, lung, or liver were significant factors. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed and it confirmed all factors as independent variables. Next, a nomogram was constructed using these independent variables in prediction of the 3‐ and 5‐year OS. Furthermore, results with concordance indices (0.852 in training set and 0.861 in validation set) and calibration curves closer to ideal curves indicated the accurate predictive ability of this nomogram.ConclusionsThe individualized nomogram demonstrated a good ability in prognostic prediction for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Impact of sarcopenia and phase angle on mortality of the very elderly
Authors: Kwon Young Eun , Lee Jung Sun , Kim Jee‐young , Baeg Song In , Choi Hye Min , Kim Hong‐Bae , Yang Joon Young , Oh Dong‐Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is a major component of geriatric syndrome and associated with poor clinical outcomes and mortality. However, diagnosing sarcopenia in the very elderly is difficult, and data on its epidemiology and devastating effects in this group are scarce. Phase angle (PA) is measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy and known to reflect cellular integrity and health. This study aimed to clarify the impact of sarcopenia and PA on mortality risk in very elderly people living in long‐term care facilities.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled elderly residents living in nine long‐term care facilities. We collected the participants' data, such as body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and laboratory data, from September to October 2017 and mortality data until October 2019. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, and multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy was used to assess body composition including PA. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was calculated using the body composition monitor‐derived equation of Taiwan's researchers. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) definition (sarcopenia vs. normal group). We divided the participants into two groups according to the median PA value of 3.65° (high vs. low group) and performed multivariate regression analyses to verify the association with mortality risk according to sarcopenia diagnosis or PA group.ResultsA total of 279 elderly participants were enrolled; of them, 238 (85.3%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 guidelines. The median patient age was 83 years, 211 (75.6%) were female and the median BMI was 20.4 kg/m2. The sarcopenia group was older than the normal group (84 vs. 81 years; P = 0.002), had a lower mean BMI (19.8 vs. 26.6 kg/m2, P < 0.001) and had a lower MNA score (9 vs. 12 points, P < 0.001). Sarcopenia was associated with a higher mortality risk after the adjustment for age, sex and diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR], 3.744; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.155–12.134; P = 0.028). A low PA was associated with sarcopenia, older age, female sex, low MNA score and overhydration volume; it was also a significant predictor of mortality after the adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus and MNA score (HR, 0.593; 95% CI, 0.420–0.837; P = 0.003).ConclusionsSarcopenia is prevalent among the very elderly patients in long‐term care facilities. Sarcopenia and low PA are significantly associated with higher mortality risk.
Efficient synthesis of some novel pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3]oxazine dione derivatives via one‐pot three‐component reaction under thermal and thermal microwave‐assisted conditions
Authors: Asadi Sara , Mehrabi Hossein 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConcise and attractive synthesis of a new class of pyrimido[5,4‐e][1,3]oxazine diones was attained with impressive yields, using a convenient and elegant condensation reaction between thiobarbituric acid and aryl glyoxals in the presence of N‐methyl urea in EtOH under thermal and thermal microwave‐assisted conditions. Some specific merits of the current procedure, include the availability of the starting materials, low reaction time, high reaction yield, operational simplicity, no harmful by‐products, and the high purity of the isolated products. Structures of all the freshly synthesized products have been deduced by their FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analysis.