bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array method for determination of three sulfonated esters and N‐methyl‐O‐phenyldiamine dihydrochloride as potential genotoxic impurities in Amlodipine and Telmisartan fixed‐dose combination
Authors: Chenkual Laltanpuii , Lalchandani Dimple S. , Chaturvedi Sachin , Mariyappan Mahindran , Porwal Pawan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral regulatory organizations encourage the quantitative analysis of potentially genotoxic impurities in finished pharmaceutical preparation. For the first time, a sensitive, accurate, and reliable reversed phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for two antihypertensive drugs, three genotoxic impurities of Amlodipine namely methyl benzene sulfonate, ethyl benzene sulfonate, and ethyl‐p‐toluene sulfonate, as well as N‐methyl O‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride as genotoxic impurities of Telmisartan that is marketed in a single pill combination. reversed phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed using a C18 column Agilent (Zorbax C18; 250 × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 5 μm) along with 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) and ACN as a mobile phase in gradient mode to achieve the retention of all analytes. The new method's sensitivity allowed the quantification of namely methyl benzene sulfonate, ethyl benzene sulfonate, and N‐methyl‐O‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride at test concentrations as low as 0.025%. Amlodipine and Telmisartan each had a test concertation of 100 and 800 μg/ml, respectively. The developed analytical method was validated for different applications, that is, for assay and related substance methods. The calibration curves for genotoxic impurities were linear in the range of the Limit of quantitation to 1.2% of the test concentration of the respective drugs. Forced degradation investigations were conducted on selected drugs, and targeted analytes were then quantified. The stability of both drugs in acid and basic hydrolysis was improved compared to when they were evaluated separately, although Amlodipine showed an inverted degradation pattern in a more recent investigation when combined with Telmisartan under oxidative degradation conditions. The validated method was successfully applied for the quantification of the genotoxic impurities of Amlodipine and Telmisartan in finished pharmaceutical preparation.
The Role of Digital and Public Humanities in Confronting the Past: Survivors’ of Ireland's Magdalene Laundries Truth Telling
Authors: O’Mahoney Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Magdalene Laundries are a prominent part of Irish social history, used by the Irish State and Religious Orders to incarcerate girls and women who were deemed to be immoral, including unmarried mothers, victims of sexual assault, and criminal justice system referrals. The Irish State and Religious Orders have restricted all access to their archives of these institutions, perpetuating the silencing and marginalization of the women’s experiences. This chapter considers the role of the Waterford Memories digital humanities project in contributing to affording agency to the Magdalene survivors. The methodology of oral history narratives will be critically considered to analyze their dual purpose of providing a way for the women to understand the meaning of their experiences, in addition to a permanent and public record of these first-hand accounts. The role of the project as a repository for cultural resource materials on the study of institutional abuse, and as an educational pedagogical tool, will also be discussed.
Struktur des Länderberichts
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer hier vorgelegte Länderbericht basiert auf den Daten des Fünften Deutschen Freiwilligensurveys (FWS 2019) und seiner Vorgängerstudien von 1999, 2004, 2009 und 2014. Der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey ist eine vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) geförderte repräsentative Studie zum Stand des freiwilligen und ehrenamtlichen (wird im Länderbericht synonym verwendet) Engagements in Deutschland. Aufgrund seiner hohen und seit 1999 kontinuierlich steigenden Fallzahl (vgl. Abb. 2.2) sind neben bundesweiten (vgl. Simonson et al. 2021) auch länderspezifische Analysen möglich. Mit dem aktuellen Länderbericht werden die Daten des Freiwilligensurveys seit 2014 zum zweiten Mal in einem Vergleich über die 16 verschiedenen Bundesländer hinweg analysiert. Erstellt werden( mit Ausnahme Bremens) 15 Länderprofile.
The universal trophic index: new methodological approach to eutrophication monitoring and control
Authors: Neverova-Dziopak Elena , Kowalewski Zbigniew , Preisner Michał 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic eutrophication is one of the consequences of human activities observed from the beginning of urbanization processes and is now a widespread problem around the globe. Mitigation of eutrophication directly corresponds to the achievement of at least three main Sustainable Development Goals. Due to the complexity of eutrophication mechanisms, there are still many issues with managing this process and its consequences, that complicate the achievement of the above-mentioned objectives. So far, there is no universal definition of eutrophication and there is no unified methodological approach to surface water trophic status assessment. In connection with the above, a need arises for the development of scientifically and economically justified methods of reliable trophic state assessment, useful for solving application and engineering tasks. This paper presents a new approach to trophic state assessment based on the innovative universal trophic index (UTI), which can be used for fresh, brackish and saltwater bodies. The proposed UTI index was developed and verified using an extensive database of the Baltic Sea monitoring data for over 100 years. The elaborated method is a reliable tool for the assessment of water trophic status, which also allows for the development of predictive mathematical models as the basis for effective eutrophication management. In addition, the method is simple to use and enables the trophic state assessment at low cost, time and effort. The above-mentioned features make the proposed indicator meet the requirements set for modern ecological indicators and determine the advantage of the proposed methodological approach over other currently used methods.
Lower Bounds Against Sparse Symmetric Functions of ACC Circuits: Expanding the Reach of #SAT Algorithms
Authors: Vyas Nikhil , Williams R. Ryan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe continue the program of proving circuit lower bounds via circuit satisfiability algorithms. So far, this program has yielded several concrete results, proving that functions in$\mathsf {Quasi}\text {-}\mathsf {NP} = \mathsf {NTIME}[n^{(\log n)^{O(1)}}]$Quasi-NP=NTIME[n(logn)O(1)]and other complexity classes do not have small circuits (in the worst case and/or on average) from various circuit classes$\mathcal { C}$C, by showing that$\mathcal { C}$Cadmits non-trivial satisfiability and/or#SAT algorithms which beat exhaustive search by a minor amount. In this paper, we present a new strong lower bound consequence of having a non-trivial#SAT algorithm for a circuit class${\mathcal C}$C. Say that a symmetric Boolean functionf(x1,…,xn) issparseif it outputs 1 onO(1) values of${\sum }_{i} x_{i}$∑ixi. We show that for every sparsef, and for all “typical”$\mathcal { C}$C, faster#SAT algorithms for$\mathcal { C}$Ccircuits imply lower bounds against the circuit class$f \circ \mathcal { C}$f∘C, which may bestrongerthan$\mathcal { C}$Citself. In particular:#SAT algorithms fornk-size$\mathcal { C}$C-circuits running in 2n/nktime (for allk) implyNEXPdoes not have$(f \circ \mathcal { C})$(f∘C)-circuits of polynomial size.#SAT algorithms for$2^{n^{{\varepsilon }}}$2nε-size$\mathcal { C}$C-circuits running in$2^{n-n^{{\varepsilon }}}$2n−nεtime (for someε> 0) implyQuasi-NPdoes not have$(f \circ \mathcal { C})$(f∘C)-circuits of polynomial size.Applying#SAT algorithms from the literature, one immediate corollary of our results is thatQuasi-NPdoes not haveEMAJ∘ACC0∘THRcircuits of polynomial size, whereEMAJis the “exact majority” function, improving previous lower bounds againstACC0[Williams JACM’14] andACC0∘THR[Williams STOC’14], [Murray-Williams STOC’18]. This is the first nontrivial lower bound against such a circuit class.
Commercial volumetric MRI reporting tools in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Mendelsohn Zoe , Pemberton Hugh G. , Gray James , Goodkin Olivia , Carrasco Ferran Prados , Scheel Michael , Nawabi Jawed , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
MRI is integral to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is important for clinical prognostication. Quantitative volumetric reporting tools (QReports) can improve the accuracy and objectivity of MRI-based assessments. Several QReports are commercially available; however, validation can be difficult to establish and does not currently follow a common pathway. To aid evidence-based clinical decision-making, we performed a systematic review of commercial QReports for use in MS including technical details and published reports of validation and in-use evaluation.

Methods
We categorized studies into three types of testing: technical validation, for example, comparison to manual segmentation, clinical validation by clinicians or interpretation of results alongside clinician-rated variables, and in-use evaluation, such as health economic assessment.

Results
We identified 10 companies, which provide MS lesion and brain segmentation and volume quantification, and 38 relevant publications. Tools received regulatory approval between 2006 and 2020, contextualize results to normative reference populations, ranging from 620 to 8000 subjects, and require T1- and T2-FLAIR-weighted input sequences for longitudinal assessment of whole-brain volume and lesions. In MS, six QReports provided evidence of technical validation, four companies have conducted clinical validation by correlating results with clinical variables, only one has tested their QReport by clinician end-users, and one has performed a simulated in-use socioeconomic evaluation.

Conclusion
We conclude that there is limited evidence in the literature regarding clinical validation and in-use evaluation of commercial MS QReports with a particular lack of clinician end-user testing. Our systematic review provides clinicians and institutions with the available evidence when considering adopting a quantitative reporting tool for MS.
TSPO PET signal using [18F]GE180 is associated with survival in recurrent gliomas
Authors: Quach Stefanie , Holzgreve Adrien , Kaiser Lena , Unterrainer Marcus , Dekorsy Franziska J. , Nelwan Debie V. , Bartos Laura M. , Kirchleitner Sabrina V. , Weller Jonathan , Weidner Lorraine , Niyazi Maximilian , Ruf Viktoria C. , Herms Jochen , Stöcklein Sophia , Wetzel Christian , Riemenschneider Markus J. , v. Baumgarten Louisa , Thon Niklas , Brendel Matthias , Rupprecht Rainer , Bartenstein Peter , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Albert Nathalie L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glioma patients, especially recurrent glioma, suffer from a poor prognosis. While advances to classify glioma on a molecular level improved prognostication at initial diagnosis, markers to prognosticate survival in the recurrent situation are still needed. As 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) was previously reported to be associated with aggressive histopathological glioma features, we correlated the TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) signal using [18F]GE180 in a large cohort of recurrent glioma patients with their clinical outcome.

Methods
In patients with [18F]GE180 PET at glioma recurrence, [18F]GE180 PET parameters (e.g., SUVmax) as well as other imaging features (e.g., MRI volume, [18F]FET PET parameters when available) were evaluated together with patient characteristics (age, sex, Karnofsky-Performance score) and neuropathological features (e.g. WHO 2021 grade, IDH-mutation status). Uni- and multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival (PRS) and time to treatment failure (TTF).

Results
Eighty-eight consecutive patients were evaluated. TSPO tracer uptake correlated with tumor grade at recurrence (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in IDH-wild-type versus IDH-mutant tumors. Within the subgroup of IDH-mutant glioma (n = 46), patients with low SUVmax (median split, ≤ 1.60) had a significantly longer PRS (median 41.6 vs. 25.3 months, p = 0.031) and TTF (32.2 vs 8.7 months, p = 0.001). Also among IDH-wild-type glioblastoma (n = 42), patients with low SUVmax (≤ 1.89) had a significantly longer PRS (median not reached vs 8.2 months, p = 0.002). SUVmax remained an independent prognostic factor for PRS in the multivariate analysis including CNS WHO 2021 grade, IDH status, and age. Tumor volume defined by [18F]FET PET or contrast-enhanced MRI correlated weakly with TSPO tracer uptake. Treatment regimen did not differ among the median split subgroups.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that TSPO PET using [18F]GE180 can help to prognosticate recurrent glioma patients even among homogeneous molecular subgroups and may therefore serve as valuable non-invasive biomarker for individualized patient management.

Graphical abstract
Evolution of a structured cell population endowed with plasticity of traits under constraints on and between the traits
Authors: Alvarez Frank Ernesto , Carrillo José Antonio , Clairambault Jean 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConfronted with the biological problem of managing plasticity in cell populations, which is in particular responsible for transient and reversible drug resistance in cancer, we propose a rationale consisting of an integro-differential and a reaction-advection-diffusion equation, the properties of which are studied theoretically and numerically. By using a constructive finite volume method, we show the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution and illustrate by numerical approximations and their simulations the capacity of the model to exhibit divergence of traits. This feature may be theoretically interpreted as describing a physiological step towards multicellularity in animal evolution and, closer to present-day clinical challenges in oncology, as a possible representation of bet hedging in cancer cell populations.
Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mesinovic Jakub , Rodriguez Alexander J. , Cervo Mavil May , Gandham Anoohya , Xu Cecilia L.H. , Glavas Costas , de Courten Barbora , Zengin Ayse , Ebeling Peter R. , Scott David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeVitamin D supplementation may have non-skeletal health benefits and enhance exercise responsiveness, particularly in those with low vitamin D levels. We determined whether, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation taken prior to and during a 12-week exercise program improves physical function, body composition or metabolic health, in overweight and obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency.MethodsFifty overweight or obese older adults (mean ± SD age: 60 ± 6 years; BMI 30.6 ± 5.7 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 50 nmol/L) were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either vitamin D3(4000 IU/day) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. Between weeks 12 and 24, all participants completed multi-modal exercise three days per week while continuing with vitamin D/placebo. Mean changes in physical function (primary outcome: gait speed), body composition and biochemical parameters at weeks 12 and 24 were compared between groups.ResultsVitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on gait speed. From baseline to week 12, vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D levels (placebo: 2.5 ± 14.7 nmol/L; treatment: 43.4 ± 18.4 nmol/L;P < 0.001) and reduced stair climb times (placebo: 0.3 ± 1.0 s; treatment: − 0.2 ± 1.0 s;P = 0.046). From 12 to 24 weeks, vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise decreased waist circumference (placebo: 1.3 ± 7.3 cm; treatment: − 3.0 ± 6.1 cm;P = 0.02) and waist-to-hip ratio (placebo: 0.01 ± 0.05; treatment: − 0.03 ± 0.05;P = 0.01) relative to placebo. Vitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on other physical function, body composition or metabolic health outcomes.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation had no effect on most physical function, body composition or metabolic health parameters when taken alone, or during exercise, in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D-related improvements in stair climb times and waist circumference suggest that future trials should explore the effects of vitamin D on muscle power, and its effects on body composition when combined with exercise, in populations with moderate or severe vitamin D deficiency.
Delay of total joint replacement is associated with a higher 90-day revision rate and increased postoperative complications
Authors: Holzapfel Dominik Emanuel , Meyer Matthias , Thieme Max , Pagano Stefano , von Kunow Frederik , Weber Markus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Delay of elective surgeries, such as total joint replacement (TJR), is a common procedure in the current pandemic. In trauma surgery, postponement is associated with increased complication rates. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of postponement on surgical revision rates and postoperative complications after elective TJR.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis of 10,140 consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR) between 2011 and 2020, the effect of surgical delay on 90-day surgical revision rate, as well as internal and surgical complication rates, was investigated in a university high-volume arthroplasty center using the institute’s joint registry and data of the hospital administration. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounding variables.

Results
Two thousand four hundred and eighty TJRs patients were identified with a mean delay of 13.5 ± 29.6 days. Postponed TJR revealed a higher 90-day revision rate (7.1–4.5%, p < 0.001), surgical complications (3.2–1.9%, p < 0.001), internal complications (1.8–1.2% p < 0.041) and transfusion rate (2.6–1.8%, p < 0.023) than on-time TJR. Logistic regression analysis confirmed delay of TJRs as independent risk factor for 90-day revision rate [OR 1.42; 95% CI (1.18–1.72); p < 0.001] and surgical complication rates [OR 1.51; 95% CI (1.14–2.00); p = 0.04].

Conclusion
Alike trauma surgery, delay in elective primary TJR correlates with higher revision and complication rates. Therefore, scheduling should be performed under consideration of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Level of evidence
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Deep long period seismicity preceding and during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland
Authors: Greenfield Tim , Winder Tom , Rawlinson Nicholas , Maclennan John , White Robert S. , Ágústsdóttir Thorbjörg , Bacon Conor A. , Brandsdóttir Bryndís , Eibl Eva P. S. , Glastonbury-Southern Esme , Gudnason Egill Árni , Hersir Gylfi Páll , Horálek Josef 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe use a dense seismic network on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, to image a group of earthquakes at 10–12 km depth, 2 km north-east of 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption site. These deep earthquakes have a lower frequency content compared to earthquakes located in the upper, brittle crust and are similar to deep long period (DLP) seismicity observed at other volcanoes in Iceland and around the world. We observed several swarms of DLP earthquakes between the start of the study period (June 2020) and the initiation of the 3-week-long dyke intrusion that preceded the eruption in March 2021. During the eruption, DLP earthquake swarms returned 1 km SW of their original location during periods when the discharge rate or fountaining style of the eruption changed. The DLP seismicity is therefore likely to be linked to the magma plumbing system beneath Fagradalsfjall. However, the DLP seismicity occurred ~ 5 km shallower than where petrological modelling places the near-Moho magma storage region in which the Fagradalsfjall lava was stored. We suggest that the DLP seismicity was triggered by the exsolution of CO2-rich fluids or the movement of magma at a barrier to the transport of melt in the lower crust. Increased flux through the magma plumbing system during the eruption likely adds to the complexity of the melt migration process, thus causing further DLP seismicity, despite a contemporaneous magma channel to the surface.
Sustainable production of biofuels from the algae-derived biomass
Authors: Mahmood Tehreem , Hussain Nazim , Shahbaz Areej , Mulla Sikandar I. , Iqbal Hafiz M.N. , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe worldwide fossil fuel reserves are rapidly and continually being depleted as a result of the rapid increase in global population and rising energy sector needs. Fossil fuels should not be used carelessly since they produce greenhouse gases, air pollution, and global warming, which leads to ecological imbalance and health risks. The study aims to discuss the alternative renewable energy source that is necessary to meet the needs of the global energy industry in the future. Both microalgae and macroalgae have great potential for several industrial applications. Algae-based biofuels can surmount the inadequacies presented by conventional fuels, thereby reducing the ‘food versus fuel’ debate. Cultivation of algae can be performed in all three systems; closed, open, and hybrid frameworks from which algal biomass is harvested, treated and converted into the desired biofuels. Among these, closed photobioreactors are considered the most efficient system for the cultivation of algae. Different types of closed systems can be employed for the cultivation of algae such as stirred tank photobioreactor, flat panel photobioreactor, vertical column photobioreactor, bubble column photobioreactor, and horizontal tubular photobioreactor. The type of cultivation system along with various factors, such as light, temperature, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and pH affect the yield of algal biomass and hence the biofuel production. Algae-based biofuels present numerous benefits in terms of economic growth. Developing a biofuel industry based on algal cultivation can provide us with a lot of socio-economic advantages contributing to a publicly maintainable result. This article outlines the third-generation biofuels, how they are cultivated in different systems, different influencing factors, and the technologies for the conversion of biomass. The benefits provided by these new generation biofuels are also discussed. The development of algae-based biofuel would not only change environmental pollution control but also benefit producers' economic and social advancement.
Graphical abstract