bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Aroylation of Olefins through a Cobalt/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative and Dehydrogenative Coupling with α‐Oxo Acids
Authors: Davies Alex M. , Hernandez Rafael D. , Tunge Jon A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jon Tunge at the University of Kansas. The image depicts the direct cross‐coupling of α‐oxo acids and styrenes through the release of CO2 and H2 gas in a metallaphotoredox process. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202202781.
Pollutants in Waste Wood
Authors: Thorwarth Harald , Endriss Felix , Scheuber Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGelegentlich wird angenommen, dass Holz einer endlosen Nutzungskaskade zugeführt werden kann. Diese Annahme wird basierend auf Daten von neuen und gebrauchten Spanplatten sowie Altholz der Kategorie AI–AIII untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen basierend auf 468 Datensätzen, dass Schadstoffkonzentrationen in Altholz in einem weiten Bereich schwanken. Je nach Probenkollektiv wären 46 % bis 69 % der betrachteten Proben nach geltender AltholzV nicht für eine stoffliche Nutzung geeignet. Es muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass Altholz bereits nach einmaliger Nutzung Schadstoffe in relevanten Konzentrationen enthält und deshalb erst nach Vorliegen der Ergebnisse einer analytischen Überprüfung dem Stoffkreislauf ein weiteres Mal zugeführt werden kann. Eine organoleptische Untersuchung ist hierfür nicht ausreichend.
Lithium recovery from pretreated α‐spodumene residue through acid leaching at ambient temperature
Authors: Zhu Yue , Zhang Dekai , Qiu Shengbo , Liu Chenglin , Yu Jianguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel alkaline hydrothermal approach for low‐temperature conversion of α‐spodumene into Li2SiO3 residue was proposed, providing a promising method for extracting lithium from α‐spodumene as a pretreatment process. This work proposed a systematic investigation for extracting lithium from the residue by acid leaching and preparing lithium carbonate. The reaction feasibility between Li2SiO3 and acids (HCl and H2SO4) was first evaluated through thermodynamic calculation. Compared with the leaching effects of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid is the preferred leaching agent due to its higher extraction efficiency for lithium and lower acid consumption. Lithium extraction efficiency from the residue achieved up to 87.48% under the following optimized conditions: 0.75 mol/L H2SO4, 0.4 times the theoretical amount of acid, 10 min, 30°C, and 100 rpm. Based on the optimized conditions, the lithium‐containing solution was concentrated through three consecutive cycles of leaching, which obtained a concentration of 17.78 g/L for lithium. The leaching solution was purified by CaO‐Na2CO3, resulting in the removal rates of SiO32−, Mg2+, and Ca2+ of 84.22%, 95.51%, and 90.55%, respectively. Finally, the solution was precipitated with sodium carbonate to prepare Li2CO3. This paper facilitates the development of an economical process for efficient lithium extraction from spodumene at low temperatures.
Self‐assembly at Liquid‐Liquid Interface: A New SERS Substrate for Analytical Sensing†
Authors: Zhao Yue , Shi Lu , Tian Yang , Zhang Limin 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryAs a highly powerful and sensitive tool, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted extensive attention in quantification analysis. However, the strong dependence of SERS signal on the detailed local nanostructure makes quantitative SERS analysis suffer from difficulties in controlling the uniformity of nanoscale hot spots and the inefficiency of placing the targeted molecules in prefabricated hot spots. Thus, the development of uniform SERS substrates is becoming an urgent demand to impulse SERS technique for the application in practical systems. The self‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) at the liquid‐liquid interface (LLI) provides a molecular sharp and defect‐free focal plane, in which the stable controlling of nanogap sizes and the feasible location of analytes can be virtually guaranteed, leading to greatly enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility of detections. On the other hand, the benefit of liquid/liquid systems allows for either hydrophilic, hydrophobic molecules to be captured and detected individually or simultaneously. Based on these advantages of the new SERS substrate, a variety of self‐assembled NP arrays at the LLI have been developed for multiphase analyte detection. Herein, we review recently developed strategies to induce NPs self‐assembly at the LLI and discuss the latest research progress on sensitive and reliable SERS analysis in practical applications. Finally, some perspectives are highlighted in the further development of the efficient methods to enhance the plasmonic properties and more practical SERS sensors for practical applications.
Examining the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) in a clinical sample using classical test theory and item response theory
Authors: Åström Elisabeth , Sundström Anna E. , Lyrén Per‐Erik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) using classical test theory and item response theory (IRT). The CORE‐OM is a commonly used 34‐item self‐report instrument measuring psychological problems/distress covering four domains: subjective well‐being, problems/symptoms, functioning and risk. Despite its broad application, only a few studies have used IRT to examine the psychometric properties, and the properties of the Swedish version have only been examined in one initial study. The present study included 1,011 clients with mild to moderate symptoms of distress, applying for psychotherapy at an outpatient training clinic in Sweden. Clients' responses were subjected to classical item analyses as well as IRT (Rasch) analysis using the partial credit model. The classical analyses demonstrated high levels of internal consistency and acceptable levels of item discrimination for the majority of the items, although lower for some items, particularly in the Risk domain. IRT analyses showed that there was a rather good match between item and respondent locations and the measurement precision was high. Disordered step and average measures for some of the items in the Risk domain indicate that these items were problematic from a psychometric point of view and only applicable for a minority of the participants. Differential item functioning for gender in some of the items suggests that they might need to be revised to minimise potential gender bias.
Hydrogenolysis‐Isomerization of Waste Polyolefin Plastics to Multibranched Liquid Alkanes
Authors: Du Bowen , Chen Xiao , Ling Yu , Niu Tiantian , Guan Weixiang , Meng Jipeng , Hu Haoquan , Tsang Chi‐Wing , Liang Changhai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUpcycling of waste polyolefin plastics still meets with economic and technological challenges in practice. In this work, the catalytic hydrogenolysis‐isomerization of nondegradable polyolefin plastic waste to high‐value gasoline, diesel, and light lubricants with highly branched chain is achieved over a bifunctional Rh/Nb2O5 catalyst under relatively mild conditions. Owing to the high efficiency of metallic Rh active sites, the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of long carbon chains of polyolefins is enhanced. With the assistance of strong Brønsted acidity of Nb2O5, the cleavage of C−C bonds, skeletal rearrangements, as well as the β‐scission of alkylcarbenium ions occurs, which boosts the one‐step solvent‐free catalytic hydrogenolysis and isomerization of polyolefins. In addition, the preliminary economic analysis shows that this technology is economical, feasible, and has great potential in accelerating the transition to a circular plastics economy for sustainable development.
Ecdysterone: Possible sources of origin in urine
Authors: Kwiatkowska Dorota , Grucza Krzysztof , Chajewska Katarzyna , Konarski Patryk , Wojtkowiak Katarzyna , Drapała Aleksandra , Wicka Mariola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcdysterone (crustecdysone; beta‐ecdysone; 20‐hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring steroid hormone belonging to the ecdysteroid class. The presented study investigated the possible concentration range of ecdysterone in urine after consumption of various preparations of spinach, drinking tea (made from Rhapoiticum Carthamoides) and topical use of a cream containing Cyanotis arachnoides. It is very important to establish reference ranges reflecting concentrations compatible with dietary habits and common uses of care products. The data obtained in the research may be used in the interpretation of results of routine analyses. In addition, elimination time and observed concentrations provided by the studies conducted by the Polish Anti‐Doping Laboratory can be used by WADA. In the case of spinach, peak elimination occurred within the first few hours, followed by a rapid decline. As for the other plants, instead of clear peak concentrations, gradual elimination was observed. Individual differences were observed between volunteers depending on route of administration. Differences in ecdysterone elimination following ingestion of spinach‐based and other plant products were observed too. The highest observed ecdysterone concentration was related to the paste consumption, and it was 691 ng/ml. Finally, our findings were compared with the data collected for the samples routinely tested as part of the monitoring program. During 2.5 years, the presence of ecdysterone was confirmed in as many as 507 samples out of 11 191 total samples tested. The concentration range was very wide, from 1 ng/ml (which is the LOD for this method in the Polish Anti‐Doping Laboratory) to over 2000 ng/ml.
Empirical evidence for effects of invasive American Bullfrogs on occurrence of native amphibians and emerging pathogens
Authors: Hossack Blake R. , Oja Emily B. , Owens Audrey K. , Hall David , Cobos Cassidi , Crawford Catherine L. , Goldberg Caren S. , Hedwall Shaula , Howell Paige E. , Lemos‐Espinal Julio A. , MacVean Susan K. , McCaffery Magnus , Mosley Cody , Muths Erin , Sigafus Brent H. , Sredl Michael J. , Rorabaugh James C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInvasive species and emerging infectious diseases are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity. American Bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana), which have been introduced to many parts of the world, are often linked with declines in native amphibians via predation and the spread of emerging pathogens such as amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) and ranaviruses. Although many studies have investigated the potential role of bullfrogs in the decline of native amphibians, analyses that account for shared habitat affinities and imperfect detection have found limited support for clear effects. Similarly, the role of bullfrogs in shaping the patch‐level distribution of pathogens is unclear. We used eDNA methods to sample 233 sites in the southwestern USA and Sonora, Mexico (2016–2018) to estimate how the presence of bullfrogs affects the occurrence of four native amphibians, Bd, and ranaviruses. Based on two‐species, dominant‐subordinate occupancy models fitted in a Bayesian context, federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (Rana chiricahuensis) and Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) were eight times (32% vs. 4%) and two times (36% vs. 18%), respectively, less likely to occur at sites where bullfrogs occurred. Evidence for the negative effects of bullfrogs on Lowland Leopard Frogs (Rana yavapaiensis) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) was less clear, possibly because of smaller numbers of sites where these native species still occurred and because bullfrogs often occur at lower densities in streams, the primary habitat for Lowland Leopard Frogs. At the community level, Bd was most likely to occur where bullfrogs co‐occurred with native amphibians, which could increase the risk to native species. Ranaviruses were estimated to occur at 33% of bullfrog‐only sites, 10% of sites where bullfrogs and native amphibians co‐occurred, and only 3% of sites where only native amphibians occurred. Of the 85 sites where we did not detect any of the five target amphibian species, we also did not detect Bd or ranaviruses; this suggests other hosts do not drive the distribution of these pathogens in our study area. Our results provide landscape‐scale evidence that bullfrogs reduce the occurrence of native amphibians and increase the occurrence of pathogens, information that can clarify risks and aid the prioritization of conservation actions.
Growth hormone treatment does not augment the anti‐diabetic effects of liraglutide in UCD‐T2DM rats
Authors: Swarbrick Michael M. , Cox Chad L. , Graham James L. , Knudsen Lotte B. , Stanhope Kimber , Raun Kirsten , Havel Peter J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe incretin hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) slows gastric emptying, increases satiety and enhances insulin secretion. GLP‐1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide, are used therapeutically in humans to improve glycaemic control and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In UCD‐T2DM rats, a model of polygenic obesity and insulin resistance, we have previously reported that daily liraglutide administration delayed diabetes onset by >4 months. Growth hormone (GH) may exert anti‐diabetic effects, including increasing β‐cell mass and insulin secretion, while disrupting GH signalling in mice reduces both the size and number of pancreatic islets. We therefore hypothesized that GH supplementation would augment liraglutide's anti‐diabetic effects.MethodsMale UCD‐T2DM rats were treated daily with GH (0.3 mg/kg) and/or liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg) from 2 months of age. Control (vehicle) and food‐restricted (with food intake matched to liraglutide‐treated rats) groups were also studied. The effects of treatment on diabetes onset and weight gain were assessed, as well as measures of glucose tolerance, lipids and islet morphology.ResultsLiraglutide treatment significantly reduced food intake and body weight and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, relative to controls. After 4.5 months, none of the liraglutide‐treated rats had developed T2DM (overall p = .019). Liraglutide‐treated rats also displayed lower fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations and lower hepatic TG content, compared to control rats. Islet morphology was improved in liraglutide‐treated rats, with significantly increased pancreatic insulin content (p < .05 vs. controls). Although GH treatment tended to increase body weight (and gastrocnemius muscle weight), there were no obvious effects on diabetes onset or other diabetes‐related outcomes.ConclusionGH supplementation did not augment the anti‐diabetic effects of liraglutide.
Controlling potential far‐field brine leakage from CO2 storage formations using deep extraction wells: Numerical and experimental testing
Authors: Askar Ahmad H. , Illangasekare Tissa H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInjecting CO2 into deep geologic formations for storage purposes induces large pressure build‐up that risks caprock integrity. Naturally occurring faults or pressure‐induced fractures in the caprock can act as conductive leakage pathways resulting in potential contamination of the overlying shallow aquifers. Previous studies explored using brine extraction to manage such elevated pressure in the storage formation. In this paper, we extended the use of this technique to control far‐field brine leakage. Extraction wells are placed in the storage zone to reduce the leakage flow through reversing the pressure‐gradient locally, while minimizing the brine concentrations in the escaped‐fraction by utilizing the dilution capacity of the overlying formations. The developed approach incorporated the Genetic Algorithm with transport model simulations to optimize well‐placements and extraction‐rates. An approximately 8m long intermediate‐scale tank designed to mimic brine leakage migration in the field was used to validate this approach as field data are not available. We further evaluated the approach numerically using a hypothetical leakage scenario at the Vedder storage formation in San‐Joaquin basin to assess its practicality for field implementation. The results showed that storage zone heterogeneity and fractures’ permeabilities can significantly affect the optimum locations and pumping rates of the extraction wells. Brine leakage can be controlled by extracting a native‐brine volume less than 50% of the injected CO2 volume. The target concentrations in the shallow aquifer determines the extraction rates required to control a leakage through a fracture or a buried thrust fault. The study is useful to develop remediation strategies for carbon storage operations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel noninvasive identification of patient‐specific epileptic networks in focal epilepsies: Linking single‐photon emission computed tomography perfusion during seizures with resting‐state magnetoencephalography dynamics
Authors: Krishnan Balu , Tousseyn Simon , Wang Zhong Irene , Murakami Hiroatsu , Wu Guiyun , Burgess Richard , Iasemidis Leonidas , Najm Imad , Alexopoulos Andreas V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) during seizures and magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the interictal state are noninvasive modalities employed in the localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (DRFE). The present study aims to investigate whether there exists a preferentially high MEG functional connectivity (FC) among those regions of the brain that exhibit hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion during seizures. We studied MEG and SPECT data in 30 consecutive DRFE patients who had resective epilepsy surgery. We parcellated each ictal perfusion map into 200 regions of interest (ROIs) and generated ROI time series using source modeling of MEG data. FC between ROIs was quantified using coherence and phase‐locking value. We defined a generalized linear model to relate the connectivity of each ROI, ictal perfusion z score, and distance between ROIs. We compared the coefficients relating perfusion z score to FC of each ROI and estimated the connectivity within and between resected and unresected ROIs. We found that perfusion z scores were strongly correlated with the FC of hyper‐, and separately, hypoperfused ROIs across patients. High interictal connectivity was observed between hyperperfused brain regions inside and outside the resected area. High connectivity was also observed between regions of ictal hypoperfusion. Importantly, the ictally hypoperfused regions had a low interictal connectivity to regions that became hyperperfused during seizures. We conclude that brain regions exhibiting hyperperfusion during seizures highlight a preferentially connected interictal network, whereas regions of ictal hypoperfusion highlight a separate, discrete and interconnected, interictal network.
Brain network dynamics in people with visual snow syndrome
Authors: Strik Myrte , Clough Meaghan , Solly Emma J. , Glarin Rebecca , White Owen B. , Kolbe Scott C. , Fielding Joanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVisual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological disorder characterized by a range of continuous visual disturbances. Little is known about the functional pathological mechanisms underlying VSS and their effect on brain network topology, studied using high‐resolution resting‐state (RS) 7 T MRI. Forty VSS patients and 60 healthy controls underwent RS MRI. Functional connectivity matrices were calculated, and global efficiency (network integration), modularity (network segregation), local efficiency (LE, connectedness neighbors) and eigenvector centrality (significance node in network) were derived using a dynamic approach (temporal fluctuations during acquisition). Network measures were compared between groups, with regions of significant difference correlated with known aberrant ocular motor VSS metrics (shortened latencies and higher number of inhibitory errors) in VSS patients. Lastly, nodal co‐modularity, a binary measure of node pairs belonging to the same module, was studied. VSS patients had lower modularity, supramarginal centrality and LE dynamics of multiple (sub)cortical regions, centered around occipital and parietal lobules. In VSS patients, lateral occipital cortex LE dynamics correlated positively with shortened prosaccade latencies (p = .041, r = .353). In VSS patients, occipital, parietal, and motor nodes belonged more often to the same module and demonstrated lower nodal co‐modularity with temporal and frontal regions. This study revealed reduced dynamic variation in modularity and local efficiency strength in the VSS brain, suggesting that brain network dynamics are less variable in terms of segregation and local clustering. Further investigation of these changes could inform our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disorder and potentially lead to treatment strategies.
Impact of prolonged flooding in Pakistan: In the middle of unexpected health emergency
Authors: Iqbal Amna , Sheikh Ayesha , Ali Eman , Islam Zarmina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFloods are the most frequent disaster risk factor, and they have significantly increased morbidity and mortality globally. However, the health effects of a specific flood depend on the surrounding circumstances and the current situation in Pakistan indicates that it is leading to a serious health crisis. The immediate health effects of flooding include waterborne and vector‐transmitted diseases. The evacuation of patients, loss of medical personnel, and destruction of critical medical supplies and equipment are also overburdening the Pakistani healthcare system. The indirect effects of flooding include infected wounds, poisoning, poor mental health, infectious infections, and famine. Long‐term consequences could include starvation, chronic illness, disability, poor mental health, and diseases linked to poverty. In this letter to the editor, we discussed the challenges, efforts, and recommendations that can facilitate the system.
Recurrent giant neobladder calculus extrusion after bladder exstrophy repair
Authors: Guimarães Thiago , Alves Fátima , Pinheiro Hugo , Campos Pinheiro Luís 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPatients with bladder exstrophy subjected to reconstructive surgeries are at risk of developing urinary calculus.Case presentationWe report the case of a 29‐year‐old male patient with bladder exstrophy who presented with a recurrent episode of extrusion of calculus through the neobladder and anterior abdominal wall. Calculus removal and reconstructive repair of the neobladder and abdominal wall were performed in 2010. Nine years following the procedure, the patient returned with new large neobladder calculus extrusion.ConclusionRecurrence of large calculus should be seen as the new paradigm for the importance of close follow‐up in bladder exstrophy patients.