bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between plasma sulfur amino acids and specific fat depots in two independent cohorts: CODAM and The Maastricht Study
Authors: Tore Elena C. , Elshorbagy Amany K. , Bakers Frans C. H. , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Kooi M. Eline , Kusters Yvo H. A. M. , Meex Steven J. R. , Olsen Thomas , Refsum Helga , Retterstøl Kjetil , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Vinknes Kathrine J. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) have been associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. We investigated whether plasma SAAs (methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine, cystathionine and total glutathione) are related to specific fat depots.

Methods
We examined cross-sectional subsets from the CODAM cohort (n = 470, 61.3% men, median [IQR]: 67 [61, 71] years) and The Maastricht Study (DMS; n = 371, 53.4% men, 63 [55, 68] years), enriched with (pre)diabetic individuals. SAAs were measured in fasting EDTA plasma with LC–MS/MS. Outcomes comprised BMI, skinfolds, waist circumference (WC), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, DMS), body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (CODAM: ultrasound, DMS: MRI) and liver fat (estimated, in CODAM, or MRI-derived, in DMS, liver fat percentage and fatty liver disease). Associations were examined with linear or logistic regressions adjusted for relevant confounders with z-standardized primary exposures and outcomes.

Results
Methionine was associated with all measures of liver fat, e.g., fatty liver disease [CODAM: OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.19, 1.88); DMS: OR = 1.51 (1.09, 2.14)], but not with other fat depots. tCys was associated with overall obesity, e.g., BMI [CODAM: β = 0.19 (0.09, 0.28); DMS: β = 0.24 (0.14, 0.34)]; peripheral adiposity, e.g., biceps and triceps skinfolds [CODAM: β = 0.15 (0.08, 0.23); DMS: β = 0.20 (0.12, 0.29)]; and central adiposity, e.g., WC [CODAM: β = 0.16 (0.08, 0.25); DMS: β = 0.17 (0.08, 0.27)]. Associations of tCys with VAT and liver fat were inconsistent. Other SAAs were not associated with body fat.

Conclusion
Plasma concentrations of methionine and tCys showed distinct associations with different fat depots, with similar strengths in the two cohorts.
Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation improves vestibular perception in bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Wuehr Max , Eder Josefine , Keywan Aram , Jahn Klaus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) suffer from impaired vestibular motion perception that is linked to deficits in spatial memory and navigation.

Objective
To examine the potential therapeutic effect of imperceptible noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) on impaired vestibular perceptual performance in BVP.

Methods
In 11 patients with BVP (mean age: 54.0 ± 8.3 years, 7 females), we initially determined the nGVS intensity that optimally stabilizes balance during a static posturographic assessment. Subsequently, effects of optimal nGVS vs. sham stimulation on vestibular motion perception were examined in randomized order. Vestibular perceptual performance was determined as direction recognition thresholds for head-centered roll tilt motion on a 6DOF motion platform in the absence of any visual or auditory motion cues.

Results
For each patient, an nGVS intensity that optimally stabilized static balance compared to sham stimulation could be identified (mean 0.36 ± 0.16 mA). nGVS at optimal intensity resulted in lowered vestibular perceptual thresholds (0.94 ± 0.30 deg/s) compared to sham stimulation (1.67 ± 1.11 deg/s; p = 0.040). nGVS-induced improvements in vestibular perception were observed in 8 of 11 patients (73%) and were greater in patients with poorer perceptual performance during sham stimulation (R = − 0.791; p = 0.007).

Conclusions
nGVS is effective in improving impaired vestibular motion perception in patients with BVP, in particular in those patients with poor baseline perceptual performance. Imperceptible vestibular noise stimulation might thus offer a non-invasive approach to target BVP-related impairments in spatial memory, orientation, and navigation.
The frequency of non-motor symptoms in SCA3 and their association with disease severity and lifestyle factors
Authors: Hengel Holger , Martus Peter , Faber Jennifer , Giunit Paola , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Solanky Nita , Klockgether Thomas , Reetz Kathrin , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Santana Magda M. , Silva Patrick , Cunha Inês , de Almeida Luís Pereira , Timmann Dagmar , Infante Jon , de Vries Jeroen , Lima Manuela , Pires Paula , Bushara Khalaf , Jacobi Heike , Onyike Chiadi , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette , Synofzik Matthis ,   European Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type-3/Machado-Joseph Disease Initiative (ESMI) Study Group, Schöls Ludger 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are a substantial burden for patients with SCA3. There are limited data on their frequency, and their relation with disease severity and activities of daily living is not clear. In addition, lifestyle may either influence or be affected by the occurrence of NMS.

Objective
To characterize NMS in SCA3 and investigate possible associations with disease severity and lifestyle factors.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of NMS in 227 SCA3 patients, 42 pre-ataxic mutation carriers, and 112 controls and tested for associations with SARA score, activities of daily living, and the lifestyle factors alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity.

Results
Sleep disturbance, restless legs syndrome, mild cognitive impairment, depression, bladder dysfunction and pallhypesthesia were frequent among SCA3 patients, while mainly absent in pre-ataxic mutation carriers. Except for restless legs syndrome, NMS correlated significantly with disease severity and activities of daily living. Alcohol abstinence was associated with bladder dysfunction. Patients with higher physical activity showed less cognitive impairment and fewer depressive symptoms, but these differences were not significant.

Conclusion
This study revealed a clear association between disease severity and NMS, likely driven by the progression of the widespread neurodegenerative process. Associations between lifestyle and NMS can probably be attributed to the influence of NMS on lifestyle.
Brain metabolic differences between pure bulbar and pure spinal ALS: a 2-[18F]FDG-PET study
Authors: Canosa Antonio , Martino Alessio , Giuliani Alessandro , Moglia Cristina , Vasta Rosario , Grassano Maurizio , Palumbo Francesca , Cabras Sara , Di Pede Francesca , De Mattei Filippo , Matteoni Enrico , Polverari Giulia , Manera Umberto , Calvo Andrea , Pagani Marco , Chiò Adriano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
MRI studies reported that ALS patients with bulbar and spinal onset showed focal cortical changes in corresponding regions of the motor homunculus. We evaluated the capability of brain 2-[18F]FDG-PET to disclose the metabolic features characterizing patients with pure bulbar or spinal motor impairment.

Methods
We classified as pure bulbar (PB) patients with bulbar onset and a normal score in the spinal items of the ALSFRS-R, and as pure spinal (PS) patients with spinal onset and a normal score in the bulbar items at the time of PET. Forty healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. We compared PB and PS, and each patient group with HC. Metabolic clusters showing a statistically significant difference between PB and PS were tested to evaluate their accuracy in discriminating the two groups. We performed a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) over the entire dataset. Four classifiers were considered: support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbours, linear classifier, and decision tree. Then, we used a separate test set, including 10% of patients, with the remaining 90% composing the training set.

Results
We included 63 PB, 271 PS, and 40 HC. PB showed a relative hypometabolism compared to PS in bilateral precentral gyrus in the regions of the motor cortex involved in the control of bulbar function. SVM showed the best performance, resulting in the lowest error rate in both LOOCV (4.19%) and test set (9.09 ± 2.02%).

Conclusions
Our data support the concept of the focality of ALS onset and the use of 2-[18F]FDG-PET as a biomarker for precision medicine-oriented clinical trials.
Educational inequalities in self-rated health and emotional exhaustion among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Hulsegge G. , Eekhout I. , van de Ven H. A. , Burdorf A. , Oude Hengel K. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate trends in educational inequalities in poor health and emotional exhaustion during the pandemic among workers, and differences in trends between men and women.

Methods
Five waves (2019–2021) from the longitudinal study ‘the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey COVID-19 study’ were used (response rates: 32–38%). Generalized logistic mixed models were used to estimate the changes in absolute and relative educational inequalities in poor health and emotional exhaustion for all workers (n = 12,479) and for men and women, separately.

Results
Low and intermediate educated workers reported more often poor health (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.71–3.77 and OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.68–2.61, respectively) than high educated workers. Intermediate educated women (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.37–0.64) reported less emotional exhaustion than high educated women, but no differences were observed among men. The prevalence of poor health first decreased across all educational levels until March 2021, and bounced back in November 2021. A similar pattern was found for emotional exhaustion, but for low and intermediate educated workers only. Relative educational inequalities in poor health reduced among men during the pandemic, and absolute differences decreased among men and women by 2.4–2.6%. Relative educational inequalities in emotional exhaustion widened among men only. Absolute differences in emotional exhaustion first increased among both men and women, but narrowed between the last two waves.

Discussion
Socioeconomic inequalities for poor self-rated health remained but narrowed in relative and absolute terms during the pandemic. With regard to emotional exhaustion, socioeconomic inequalities returned to pre-COVID-19 levels at the end of 2021.
Nanotechnology-augmented sonodynamic therapy and associated immune-mediated effects for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hadi Marym Mohammad , Farrell Sian , Nesbitt Heather , Thomas Keith , Kubajewska Ilona , Ng Alex , Masood Hamzah , Patel Shiv , Sciscione Fabiola , Davidson Brian , Callan John F. , MacRobert Alexander J. , McHale Anthony P. , Nomikou Nikolitsa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is emerging as a cancer treatment alternative with significant advantages over conventional therapies, including its minimally invasive and site-specific nature, its radical antitumour efficacy with minimal side effects, and its capacity to raise an antitumour immune response. The study explores the efficacy of SDT in combination with nanotechnology against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A nanoparticulate formulation (HPNP) based on a cathepsin B-degradable glutamate-tyrosine co-polymer that carries hematoporphyrin was used in this study for the SDT-based treatment of PDAC. Cathepsin B levels in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were correlated to cellular uptake of HPNP. The HPNP efficiency to induce a sonodynamic effect at varying ultrasound parameters, and at different oxygenation and pH conditions, was investigated. The biodistribution, tumour accumulation profile, and antitumour efficacy of HPNP in SDT were examined in immunocompetent mice carrying bilateral ectopic murine pancreatic tumours. The immune response profile of excised tumour tissues was also examined.

Results
The HPNP formulation significantly improved cellular uptake of hematoporphyrin for both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, while increase of cellular uptake was positively correlated in PANC-1 cells. There was a clear SDT-induced cytotoxicity at the ultrasound conditions tested, and the treatment impaired the capacity of both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells to form colonies. The overall acoustic energy and pulse length, rather than the power density, were key in eliciting the effects observed in vitro. The SDT treatment in combination with HPNP resulted in 21% and 27% reduction of the target and off-target tumour volumes, respectively, within 24 h. A single SDT treatment elicited an antitumour effect that was characterized by an SDT-induced decrease in immunosuppressive T cell phenotypes.

Conclusion
SDT has significant potential to serve as a monotherapy or adjunctive treatment for inoperable or borderline resectable PDAC.
Glutathione as green corrosion inhibitor for 6061Al-SiC(p) composite in HCl medium: electrochemical and theoretical investigation
Authors: Unnimaya  , Shetty Prakasha , Kumari Preethi , Kagatikar Sneha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research deals with the inhibition activity of glutathione in 0.5 M HCl on the corrosion behavior of 6061Al-SiC(p)composite. Glutathione is an eco-friendly water-soluble inhibitor. Polarization results reveal the cathodic inhibitor behavior of glutathione (Gt). The inhibition performance of Gt increases by increasing its concentration and lowering the medium temperature. The decrease in the corrosion current density and increase in inhibition efficiency on increasing Gt concentration reveal the attenuation of composite corrosion. Experimental results indicate the mixed adsorption with predominantly physisorption of Gt molecules adsorption on the composite surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The impedance measurements indicate the rise in polarization resistance with an increase in Gt concentration, showing the control of composite corrosion. The surface analysis of the corroded and inhibited composite samples using a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope supports Gt molecules’ adsorption. The quantum chemical calculations confirm the conclusions of the experimental studies.
Coexistence of tet(A) and blaKPC-2 in the ST11 hypervirulent tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a blood sample
Authors: Zhu Xiaokui , Yue Changwu , Geng Huaixin , Song Lingjie , Yuan Huiming , Zhang Xianqin , Sun Chuanyu , Luan Guangxin , Jia Xu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are distributed worldwide. This study aimed to characterize a hypervirulent tigecycline-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, XJ-K2, collected from a patient’s blood. We tested antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on strain XJ-K2. WGS data were used to identify virulence and resistance genes and to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis. Three novel plasmids, including a pLVPK-like virulence plasmid (pXJ-K2-p1) and two multiple resistance plasmids (pXJ-K2-KPC-2 and pXJ-K2-p3), were discovered in strain XJ-K2. The IncFII(pCRY) plasmid pXJ-K2-p3 carried the dfrA14, sul2, qnrS1, blaLAP-2, and tet(A) resistance genes. The IncFII(pHN7A8)/IncR plasmid pXJ-K2-KPC-2 also carried a range of resistance elements, containing rmtB, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-65, and fosA3. MLST analysis revealed that strain XJ-K2 belonged to sequence type 11 (ST11). Seven complete phage sequences and many virulence genes were found in strain XJ-K2. Meanwhile, antimicrobial susceptibility tests and G. mellonella larval infection models confirmed the extensively drug resistance (XDR) and hypervirulence of KJ-K2. To our knowledge, this is the first observation and description of the ST11 hypervirulent tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain co-carrying blaKPC-2 and the tet(A) in a patient’s blood in China. Further investigation is needed to understand the resistance and virulence mechanisms of this significant hypervirulent tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant strain.
Partial-order-based process mining: a survey and outlook
Authors: Leemans Sander J. J. , van Zelst Sebastiaan J. , Lu Xixi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe field of process mining focuses on distilling knowledge of the (historical) execution of a process based on the operational event data generated and stored during its execution. Most existing process mining techniques assume that the event data describe activity executions as degenerate time intervals, i.e., intervals of the form [t, t], yielding a strict total order on the observed activity instances. However, for various practical use cases, e.g., the logging of activity executions with a nonzero duration and uncertainty on the correctness of the recorded timestamps of the activity executions, assuming a partial order on the observed activity instances is more appropriate. Using partial orders to represent process executions, i.e., based on recorded event data, allows for new classes of process mining algorithms, i.e., aware of parallelism and robust to uncertainty. Yet, interestingly, only a limited number of studies consider using intermediate data abstractions that explicitly assume a partial order over a collection of observed activity instances. Considering recent developments in process mining, e.g., the prevalence of high-quality event data and techniques for event data abstraction, the need for algorithms designed to handle partially ordered event data is expected to grow in the upcoming years. Therefore, this paper presents a survey of process mining techniques that explicitly use partial orders to represent recorded process behavior. We performed a keyword search, followed by a snowball sampling strategy, yielding 68 relevant articles in the field. We observe a recent uptake in works covering partial-order-based process mining, e.g., due to the current trend of process mining based on uncertain event data. Furthermore, we outline promising novel research directions for the use of partial orders in the context of process mining algorithms.
AdaCC: cumulative cost-sensitive boosting for imbalanced classification
Authors: Iosifidis Vasileios , Papadopoulos Symeon , Rosenhahn Bodo , Ntoutsi Eirini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClass imbalance poses a major challenge for machine learning as most supervised learning models might exhibit bias towards the majority class and under-perform in the minority class. Cost-sensitive learning tackles this problem by treating the classes differently, formulated typically via a user-defined fixed misclassification cost matrix provided as input to the learner. Such parameter tuning is a challenging task that requires domain knowledge and moreover, wrong adjustments might lead to overall predictive performance deterioration. In this work, we propose a novel cost-sensitive boosting approach for imbalanced data that dynamically adjusts the misclassification costs over the boosting rounds in response to model’s performance instead of using a fixed misclassification cost matrix. Our method, called AdaCC, is parameter-free as it relies on the cumulative behavior of the boosting model in order to adjust the misclassification costs for the next boosting round and comes with theoretical guarantees regarding the training error. Experiments on 27 real-world datasets from different domains with high class imbalance demonstrate the superiority of our method over 12 state-of-the-art cost-sensitive boosting approaches exhibiting consistent improvements in different measures, for instance, in the range of [0.3–28.56%] for AUC, [3.4–21.4%] for balanced accuracy, [4.8–45%] for gmean and [7.4–85.5%] for recall.
Cyber–physical risk assessment for false data injection attacks considering moving target defences
Authors: Higgins Martin , Xu Wangkun , Teng Fei , Parisini Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the factors that influence the success of false data injection (FDI) attacks in the context of both cyber and physical styles of reinforcement. Existing research considers the FDI attack in the context of the ability to change a measurement in a static system only. However, successful attacks will require first intrusion into a system followed by construction of an attack vector that can bypass bad data detection to cause a consequence (such as overloading). Furthermore, the recent development of moving target defences (MTD) introduces dynamically changing system topology, which is beyond the capability of existing research to assess. In this way, we develop a full service framework for FDI risk assessment. The framework considers both the costs of system intrusion via a weighted graph assessment in combination with a physical, line overload-based vulnerability assessment under the existence of MTD. We present our simulations on a IEEE 14-bus system with an overlain RTU network to model the true risk of intrusion. The cyber model considers multiple methods of entry for the FDI attack including meter intrusion, RTU intrusion and combined style attacks. Post-intrusion, our physical reinforcement model analyses the required level of topology divergence to protect against a branch overload from an optimised attack vector. The combined cyber and physical index is used to represent the system vulnerability against FDIA.
The art of forming habits: applying habit theory in changing physical activity behaviour
Authors: Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Mozid Nusrat-E , Sharmin Shakila , Monju Imran Hossain , Ahmed Sanjana Binte , Sarker Wharesha , Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Jhumur Shirin Shahadat , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Habits are obtained as a consequence of cue-contingent behavioural repetition. Context cues stimulate strong habits without an individual contemplating that action has been initiated. Because of its health-enhancing effects, making physical activity a part of one’s life is essential. This study examined the associations of physical activity (PA) behaviours with PA habits and the role of autonomous motivation in developing PA habits.

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire was implemented through emails to 226 university students, where PA levels, habits and autonomous motivation were self-reported.

Results
Binary logistic regression identified age groups, gender and participants who were trying to lose weight as the significant predictors in meeting physical activity guidelines. Path analysis showed that moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.045, CI = 0.069–0.248) and strength training exercises (β = 0.133, CI = 0.148–0.674) were significantly associated with PA habits (p < 0.01). Autonomous motivation was directly associated with PA habits (β = 0.062, CI = [0.295–0.541], p < 0.01) and was also significantly related to moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.243, CI = [0.078–0.266], p < 0.01) and strength training exercises (β = 0.202, CI = [0.033–0.594], p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The emphasis on experiment-based logic and interest in habit formation in the research community is extensive. As the college years offer an excellent opportunity to establish healthy behavioural interventions, encouraging students in regular PA and exhibiting an autonomous motivation towards PA may be necessary.