bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butyrate Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondriamediated
Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Fangyan , Huang Yingpeng , Zhang Ke , Ji Xiawei , Song Zhengyang , Wu Fangquan , Qu Yue , Jin Xiaofeng , Xue Xiangyang 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common cause of cancer death in East
Asia. Current treatment strategies for GC, including medical and surgical interventions, are suboptimal.
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the intestinal flora, has been reported to be
able to inhibit gastric carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of butyrate on
human GC and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:
Human GC cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901, human GC tissues and
adjacent normal tissues were used for this study. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and
EdU staining. TUNEL fluorescence and Annexin V/PI staining were adopted for qualitative and
quantitative evaluation of cell apoptosis, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was
performed to analyse mitochondrial function. Real-time q-PCR and western blot were carried out
to examine the expression of apoptosis-related genes and the synthesis of apoptosis-related proteins.
The association between G protein-coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a) and GC prognosis was
analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results:
CCK-8 and EdU staining confirmed inhibitory activities of butyrate against human GC
cells. Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL fluorescence microscopy showed that butyrate promoted
GC cell apoptosis. No difference in the expression of GPR109a was found between GC tissues and
adjacent normal tissues, and no direct association between GPR109a and GC prognosis was discovered,
suggesting that GPR109a may not be a key factor mediating the apoptosis of GC cells.
Butyrate increased the synthesis of caspase 9 and decreased BCL-2, the well-known effector and
regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and significantly induced mitochondrial ROS.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our results suggest that butyrate is able to inhibit the proliferation of GC
cells and induce GC apoptosis, possibly via a mitochondrial pathway.
Application of Herbs and Dietary Supplements in ADHD Management
Authors: Mallya Rashmi , Naik Beena , Momin Munira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterised by a distinct clinical pattern of inattention, hyperactivity as well as impulsivity, which in turn interferes with the day-to-day activities of the affected individual. Although conventional allopathic medications have been found to provide symptomatic relief, they are accompanied by a plethora of side effects that overshadow and outweigh the potential therapeutic benefits. Hence, various alternative approaches in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are actively being investigated. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been initiated and have delved into potential alternative strategies in the treatment and management of ADHD. The primary focus of this article is to discuss the etiology, pathophysiology coupled with a financial background as well as alternative strategies in the treatment and management of ADHD. A review of the literature on the clinical trialson alternative treatment approaches for ADHD showed that, plants and dietary supplements have beneficial effects on ADHD management. But in-depth studies still need to be conducted because the trials reported till now have a smaller sample size and need to be scaled up to get a broader understanding and knowledge of the potential impact of alternative forms of natural treatment on the patient population with ADHD. Also, the manufacturer of the alternative formulations needs to develop effective protocols and processes for the safe, effective, and robust manufacturing of such natural remedies, which fall in line with the expectation of the FDA to gain regulatory clearance for its manufacturing and sale, which can lead to better therapeutic outcomes in patients.
Una aproximación a la noción de responsabilidad desde Jean Paul Sartre a Jacques Lacan
Authors: Agostinelli Javier 
Published: July 2022

The notion of responsibility presents an inevitable centrality in the vast work of the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. This can be seen in his philosophy works as well as in his literary novels and various retellings. On the other hand, in the teaching of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan there are also developments related to the notion of responsibility from different areas inherent to the field of belonging. Thus, the present research work has as its main aim to approach the principal elements from the work of each of these authors that will allow the setting of an approximation to the notion of responsibility that they both develop. This will enable, in a second moment, the carrying out of a parallelism between Jean-Paul Sartre's and Jacques Lacan's precepts in relation to the notion of responsibility that intends to enhance the similarities and divergences between the perspectives of these contemporary authors.
Comparison of Accelerometry-Based Measures of Physical Activity: Retrospective Observational Data Analysis Study
Authors: Karas Marta , Muschelli John , Leroux Andrew , Urbanek Jacek K , Wanigatunga Amal A , Bai Jiawei , Crainiceanu Ciprian M , Schrack Jennifer A 
Published: July 2022

Background
Given the evolution of processing and analysis methods for accelerometry data over the past decade, it is important to understand how newer summary measures of physical activity compare with established measures.

Objective
We aimed to compare objective measures of physical activity to increase the generalizability and translation of findings of studies that use accelerometry-based data.

Methods
High-resolution accelerometry data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging were retrospectively analyzed. Data from 655 participants who used a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X device continuously for a week were summarized at the minute level as ActiGraph activity count, monitor-independent movement summary, Euclidean norm minus one, mean amplitude deviation, and activity intensity. We calculated these measures using open-source packages in R. Pearson correlations between activity count and each measure were quantified both marginally and conditionally on age, sex, and BMI. Each measures pair was harmonized using nonparametric regression of minute-level data.

Results
Data were from a sample (N=655; male: n=298, 45.5%; female: n=357, 54.5%) with a mean age of 69.8 years (SD 14.2) and mean BMI of 27.3 kg/m2 (SD 5.0). The mean marginal participant-specific correlations between activity count and monitor-independent movement summary, Euclidean norm minus one, mean amplitude deviation, and activity were r=0.988 (SE 0.0002324), r=0.867 (SE 0.001841), r=0.913 (SE 0.00132), and r=0.970 (SE 0.0006868), respectively. After harmonization, mean absolute percentage errors of predicting total activity count from monitor-independent movement summary, Euclidean norm minus one, mean amplitude deviation, and activity intensity were 2.5, 14.3, 11.3, and 6.3, respectively. The accuracies for predicting sedentary minutes for an activity count cut-off of 1853 using monitor-independent movement summary, Euclidean norm minus one, mean amplitude deviation, and activity intensity were 0.981, 0.928, 0.904, and 0.960, respectively. An R software package called SummarizedActigraphy, with a unified interface for computation of the measures from raw accelerometry data, was developed and published.

Conclusions
The findings from this comparison of accelerometry-based measures of physical activity can be used by researchers and facilitate the extension of knowledge from existing literature by demonstrating the high correlation between activity count and monitor-independent movement summary (and other measures) and by providing harmonization mapping.
Implications of Accumulated Cold Time for US Kidney Transplantation Offer Acceptance
Authors: Barah Masoud , Kilambi Vikram , Friedewald John J. , Mehrotra Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

Background and objectives
Reducing discard is important for the US transplantation system because nearly 20% of the deceased donor kidneys are discarded. One cause for the discards is the avoidance of protracted cold ischemia times. Extended cold ischemia times at transplant are associated with additional risk of graft failure and patient mortality. A preference for local (within the same donor service area) or low–Kidney Donor Risk Index organs, the endogeneity of cold ischemia time during organ allocation, and the use of provisional offers all complicate the analysis of cold ischemia times’ influence on kidney acceptance decision making.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using January 2018 to June 2019 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data, we modeled the probability of accepting an offer for a kidney after provisional acceptance. We use logistic regression that includes cold ischemia time, Kidney Donor Risk Index, and other covariates selected from literature. Endogeneity of cold ischemia time was treated by a two-stage instrumental variables approach.

Results
Logistic regression results for 3.33 million provisional acceptances from 12,369 donors and 108,313 candidates quantify trade-offs between cold ischemia time at the time of offer acceptance and donor-recipient characteristics. Overall, each additional 2 hours of cold ischemia time affected acceptance for nonlocal and local recipients (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.77, odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.91; P<0.001). For Kidney Donor Risk Index >1.75 (Kidney Donor Profile Index >85) kidneys, an additional 2 hours of cold ischemia time for nonlocal and local recipients was associated with acceptance with odds ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.63 (nonlocal) and odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.7 (local); P<0.001. The effect of an additional 2 hours of cold ischemia time on acceptance of kidneys with Kidney Donor Risk Index ≤1.75 (Kidney Donor Profile Index ≤85) was less pronounced for nonlocal offers (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.85; P<0.001) and not significant for local offers.

Conclusions
The acceptability of marginal organs was higher when placements were nearer to the donor and when cold ischemia time was shorter.
Incretin-based drugs and the risk of acute liver injury among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pradhan Richeek , Yin Hui , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine whether the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), separately, is associated with an increased risk of acute liver injury compared with the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.</p>
<p><strong>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:</strong> We used the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and the Office for National Statistics databases to assemble two new-user, active comparator cohorts. The first included 106,310 initiators of DPP-4 inhibitors and 27,277 initiators of SGLT-2 inhibitors, while the second included 9470 initiators of GLP-1 RAs and 26,936 initiators of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score fine stratification weighting were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acute liver injury.</p>
<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a 53% increased risk of acute liver injury (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02-2.30). In contrast, GLP-1 RAs were not associated with an overall increased risk of acute liver injury (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.57-2.16). However, an increased risk was observed among female users of both DPP-4 inhibitors (HR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.67-6.21) and GLP-1 RAs (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.44-7.25).</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> In this population-based study, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of acute liver injury compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. In contrast, an increased risk of acute liver injury was observed only among female GLP-1 RA users.</p>
Pemanfaatan Biji Turi Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Kecap Secara Hidrolisis dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak dan Nanas
Authors: Asngad Aminah , Fikoeritrina Vanda , Primerika Widya 
Published: July 2022

Selama ini pemanfaatan tanaman turi oleh masyarakat masih terbatas, bagian dari tanaman turi yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat hanya bunganya. Padahal biji turi yang berbentuk bulat berwarna kuning kecoklatan mempunyai rasa dan aroma khas jenis kacang-kacangan juga dapat dimanfaatkan karena kaya dengan mineral dan vitamin serta mengandung protein. Biji dari tanaman turi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam pembuatan kecap karena biji tanaman turi tersebut mempunyai komposisi kandungan gizi yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan kedelai, terutama kandungan protein biji turi sebesar 36,21% yang setara dengan kandungan protein kedelai sebesar 37,5% Pembuatan kecap dengan menggunakan ekstrak pepaya dan nanas dapat mempercepat waktu pembuatan kecap secara hidrolisis protein karena adanya enzim papain pada pepaya dan enzim bromelin pada nanas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar protein kecap biji turi dengan menggunakan ekstrak pepaya dan nanas serta untuk mengetahui organoleptik kecap biji turi dengan menggunakan ekstrak pepaya dan nanas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor tersebut yaitu jenis ekstrak yang digunakan (ekstrak pepaya dan ekstrak nanas) dan penambahan volume ekstrak (80 ml, 100 ml, dan 120 ml) dengan 6 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak pepaya dan nanas berpengaruh pada kadar protein kecap. Hasil kadar protein tertinggi pada perlakuan J1V1 yaitu 12,11%, sedangkan kadar protein terendah pada perlakuan J2V1 yaitu 7,53 %. Kecap dengan perlakuan menggunakan ekstrak nanas, volume 120 ml merupakan kecap yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat.
The effect of teaching using multimedia on mathematical anxiety and motivation
Authors: Yaftian Narges , Barghamadi Saeid 
Published: July 2022

In Iran and many other parts of the world, teaching and learning mathematics has confronted students and teachers with many challenges such as lack of motivation and increased anxiety. ThusT the current situation should be changed and shifted to active methods. One of the active methods is teaching with the help of multimedia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching using multimedia systems on the students' motivation and anxiety in mathematics. The method is a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with a control group. Based on the available sampling, two classes were selected and a class was randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. The tools were questionnaires of mathematical anxiety and motivation. In 8 sessions, using multimedia systems, the experimental group was taught, but in the control group, the same concepts were taught in the conventional way in Iran. In the end, Mathematical Anxiety and Mathematical Motivation Questionnaires were performed on both groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in each of the dependent variables and the use of multimedia systems has affected the students’ motivation and anxiety in mathematics.
Faktor Stratejik Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa di Sekolah Menegah Pertama
Authors: Sutama S. , Janah Nugraheni Nur , Novitasari Meggy 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji kontribusi penampilan guru dalam pembelajaran, motivasi, dan fasilitas terhadap hasil belajar matematika dengan mediasi kedisiplinan belajar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional kausal. Populasi penelitian sejumlah 190 siswa kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 6 Salatiga tahun 2016/2017. Sampel penelitian sejumlah 128 siswa ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin (α = 0,05). Teknik sampling, proporsional random sampling dirtentukan dengan undian. Data dikumpulkan dengan dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kontribusi penampilan guru dalam pembelajaran, motivasi, dan fasilitas terhadap hasil belajar matematika dengan mediasi kedisiplinan belajar (10%, sig. = 0,011). Penampilan guru dalam pembelajaran berkontribusi secara langsung terhadap hasil belajar matematika (0,54%, sig. = 0,412). Motivasi belajar berkontribusi secara tidak langsung terhadap hasil belajar matematika melalui kedisiplinan belajar (22,1%, sig. = 0,000). Fasilitas belajar berkontribusi secara langsung terhadap hasil belajar matematika (0,0009%, sig. = 0.997). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran matematika di Sekolah Menengah Pertama menjadi baik karena dukungan dari penampilan guru dalam pembelajaran, motivasi, dan fasilitas dengan mediasi kedisiplinan belajar
Teacher Talk in Teaching English for Young Learners
Authors: Sukmawati Nur Najibah 
Published: July 2022

Popularitas pengajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing untuk anak-anaksemakin meningkat di Indoesia. Praktiknya, pengajaran bahasa Inggris untuk anakanak bukan hanya tntang mengajar bahasa.guru harus memperhatikan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan siswa disamping perkembangan pengetahuan. Secara khusus, dalam hal pengembangan bahasa, ujaran pada anak-anak yang masih terbatas dan berciri khas membuat guru harus mempu untuk melakukan manipulasi pilihan-pilihan ujaran yang sesuai dengan perkembangan kemampuan siswa. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ujaran guru dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris untuk anakanak dari perspektif aalisis sosiolinguistik. Objek penelitian ini adalah sekelompok siswa aman kanak-anak dari salah satu sekolah favorit di Surakarta.penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa, guru memberikan (a) pola kalimat sederhana, (b) memperlambat kecepatan ujaran, (c) artikulasi yang jelas, (d) membatasi produksi kosakata, dan (e) jeda yang sangat jelas antara satu ujaran dengan ujaran berikutnya. Hal ini dilakukan guru untuk memaksimalkan pemahaman siswa sehingga siswa lebih mudah mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa memodifikasi ujaran penting dilakukan agar terjadi komunikasi yang lebih baik antara guru dan siswa.
INTERNALISASI KARAKTER DISIPLIN PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER DRUM BAND DI MI MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGDUREN SAWIT BOYOLALI
Authors: HIDAYAT MA'RUF , Mumtazah Durrotun 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK Pendidikan karakter sangatlah penting untuk diinternalisasikan dalam diri anak khususnya di zaman milenial ini. Kegiatan ekstrakulikuler drum band yang banyak disukai oleh murid dapat menjadi salah satu kegiatan untuk menginternalisasi karakter disiplin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana internalisasi karakter disiplin pada ekstrakulikuler drum band. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengambilan datanya dengan wawancara, dokumentasi, analisis data dan observasi. Analisis datanya menggunakan perspektif behavioristic. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa. Proses menginternalisasikannya melalui tiga tahap yaitu transformasi nilai, transaksi nilai, dan transinternalisasi yang tercermin pada proses kegiatan mulai dari pembukaan, inti dan penutupan. Proses internalisasi ini dengan kaitannya pada kajian behaviotistik juga sangat mendukung dalam menanamkan nilai disiplin pada anak. Pembentukan karakter disiplin melalui stimulasi dari lingkungan dan pelatih di dalam proses internalisasi. Menghasilkan respon karakter disiplin kepada anak.Keywords: Internalisasi, Karakter Disiplin, Ekstrakurikuler, Drumband ABSTRACT Character education is the most important to be internalized in children, especially in this millenial era. Drum band extracurricular activities that are mostly liked by students can be an activity to internalize the character of the discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine how to internalize the disciplinary character of the drum band extracurricular. This research used a qualitative approach. Collection data by interview, documentation, data of analysis and observation. The data analysis used a behavioristic perspective. The results of this study indicate that. The process of internalizing it goes through three stages, namely value transformation, value transaction, and transinternalization which is reflected in the activity process starting from opening, core and closing. This internalization process related to behavioristic studies is also very supportive in instilling the value of discipline in children. The formation of disciplinary character through stimulation from the environment and the trainer in the internalization process. Generate a disciplined character response to children.Keywords: Internalization, Discipline Character, Extracurricular, Drumband
Media Pembelajaran E-Learning Berbasis WEB di Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Sutama Sutama , Fajriani Ira Nur 
Published: July 2022

Media pembelajaran sendiri merupakan segala sesuatu yang dapat menyampaikan pesan pembelajaran digunakan alat-alat bantu untuk meningkatkan pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar dimana sebagai penerima pesan (siswa) mampu untuk menerjemahkan pesan yang akan sesuai dengan tujuannya yang dapat dipahami materi yang ada. Pembelajaran yang disusun dengan tujuan menggunakan sistem elektronik atau komputer sehingga mampu mendukung proses pembelajaran . E-learning adalah suatu sistem atau konsep pendidikan yang dapat memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dapat menghasilkan produk media e-learning berbasis web. Penggunaan E-learning berbasis web untuk menunjang pelaksanaan proses belajar dapat meningkatkan daya serap mahasiswa atas materi yang diajarkan. Meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dari mahasiswa. Meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dari mahasiswa. Meningkatkan kemampuan belajar mandiri mahasiswa. Pembelajaran akan meningkat jika keaktifan maupun keikutsertaan siswa yang mengakibatkan metode pembelajaran e-learning meningkat.
An Experimental Study on Tracking Identity of Moving Shapes: Do Stimulus Complexity and Familiarity Affect Tracking Accuracy of Male and Female Students?
Authors: Zhang Shuyang , Kaliselvan Hashvini B. , Zhang Tong , Ma'rof Aini Marina 
Published: July 2022

The current study explored the effects of stimulus complexity and familiarity on tracking accuracy between male and female postgraduate students in Malaysia. Since online courses are not restricted by location, the convenience of recording classes has become a steady trend, especially during the COVID-19 period. However, some are also skeptical about the efficacy of online teaching and learning through the digital environment and believe that the stimulus generated on these foundations will result in undesirable consequences (Dhawan, 2020). As student attention determines their tracking accuracy, external factors like stimulus complexity and familiarity tend to be an obstacle for students to be attentive. In this quantitative experimental study named "Simon Effect", 24 postgraduate students (12 males and 12 females) in a Malaysian public research university were used as samples to test whether or not gender plays a role in tracking accuracy. Results show that gender does not influence the tracking accuracy of postgraduate students. At the same time, the stimulus complexity and familiarity do influence the tracking accuracy of the postgraduate students. The implication of the study lies in promoting the teaching and learning sessions not only for a postgraduate student but for all the students in different educational levels during the COVID-19 period and maximizing the educational outcomes.