bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very low calorie ketogenic diet combined with physical interval training for preserving muscle mass during weight loss in sarcopenic obesity: A pilot study
Authors: Camajani Elisabetta , Feraco Alessandra , Proietti Stefania , Basciani Sabrina , Barrea Luigi , Armani Andrea , Lombardo Mauro , Gnessi Lucio , Caprio Massimiliano 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is increasing worldwide, posing important challenges to public health and national health care system, especially during the COVID pandemic. In subjects with SO, it is essential to reduce body weight, and to preserve lean mass, to avoid worsening of muscle function. Adequate nutrition and correct physical activity is essential to counteract SO progression. Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD), a well-established nutritional intervention for obesity, has been also indicated for the treatment of SO. To date, the effects of physical training during VLCKD have not been investigated.AimThis pilot study aims to determine the efficacy of VLCKD combined with interval training, compared to a VLCKD alone, on weight-loss, body composition, and physical performance in participants with SO.Materials and methodsTwenty-four participants with SO, aged between 50 and 70 years, who met the inclusion criteria, accepted to adhere to a VLCKD (&lt;800 Kcal/die) and to give informed consent, were enrolled in the study. Twelve participants followed a structured VLCKD protocol (VLCKD group) and twelve followed the same VLCKD protocol combined with interval training (IT), twice per week (VLCKD + IT group). Data were collected at baseline (T0) and after 6-week of treatment (T6). Anthropometric indexes, body composition analysis by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), muscle strength and physical performance analysis were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment.ResultsAt the end of the study, body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced in both VLCKD group and VLCKD + IT group. Interestingly, a significant improvement in muscle strength and physical performance was observed in both groups. A multiple comparison of delta variations in all parameters between groups was performed. No differences were observed for the majority of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, with the exception of fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM): notably, participants who followed a VLCKD combined with IT preserved FFM (p &lt; 0.001) and reduced FM (p = 0.001) to a greater extent than what observed in VLCKD group. Moreover, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol plasma levels were significantly higher in the VLCKD + IT group compared to the VLCKD group.ConclusionThis pilot study confirms that VLCKD is effective in terms of body weight reduction, particularly FM; moreover, the combination of VLCKD and interval training could determine a better preservation of FFM.
Exploration of the optimal number of regional lymph nodes removed for resected N0 NSCLC patients: A population-based study
Authors: Yao Anjie , Liu Zixuan , Rao Hanyu , Shen Yilun , Wang Changhui , Xie Shuanshuan 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe aim of our study was to explore the optimal number of regional lymph nodes removed (LNRs) in resected N0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and identify potential risk factors.MethodsIncluded in this study were 55,024 N0 NSCLC patients between 2004 and 2015 based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). All the patients were divided into No LNR group (57.8%), 1-3 LNRs group (8.1%) and ≥4 LNRs group (31.4%). Relevant clinical and patient parameters including overall survival (OS), lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS), gender, race, year of diagnosis, primary site, T stage, AJCC stage, laterality, histological type, lymphadenectomy, radiation, chemotherapy, age at diagnosis, insurance status, marital status, family income.ResultsKaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated LNRs had significantly better OS and LCSS than No LNRs in all the N0 NSCLC patients with different T stages (Logrank p&lt;.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that both OS and LCSS in ≥ 4 LNRs group were better than those in &lt;1-3 LNRs group (OS: ≥4 LNRs group: HR, 0.583; 95%CI, 0.556-0.610; P&lt;.001 vs.1-3 LNRs group: HR, 0.726; 95%CI, 0.687-0.769; P&lt;.001; LCSS: ≥4 LNRs group: HR, 0.514; 95%CI, 0.480-0.550; P&lt;.001 vs.1-3 LNRs group: HR, 0.647; 95%CI, 0.597-0.702; P&lt;.001). In addition, whites, males, not upper lobe, large cell carcinoma and others, advance T stage or AJCC stage, no surgery, no LNR, no radiation, no chemotherapy, elder age at diagnosis, singled marital status and low family income had negative impact on prognosis of N0 NSCLC patients.ConclusionsOur study suggests that ≥ 4 LNRs can yield better survival outcomes compared with 1-3 LNRs in N0 NSCLC patients.
The benefit of bevacizumab therapy in patients with refractory vasogenic edema caused by brain metastasis from lung and colon cancers
Authors: Bai Xuexue , Zhou Meng 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis retrospective study investigated the efficacy of bevacizumab in refractory brain edema caused by brain metastasis from lung cancer and colon cancer.MethodsA total of 72 patients with refractory brain edema were divided into the lung cancer and colon cancer groups according to their primary tumor. All patients received a single bevacizumab treatment for refractory brain edema. MRI was performed 1 week before the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment. The edema and tumor volumes were calculated using imaging modalities.ResultsAfter a single bevacizumab treatment, the refractory brain edema of 61 patients was controlled, and the clinical symptoms of 65 patients were improved. The average edema volume before treatment was 201,708.97 ± 61,426.04 mm3, which has decreased to 116,947.01 ± 43,879.16 mm3 after treatment (P &lt; 0.05). After treatment, the edema index decreased from 25.97 ± 7.15 to 17.32 ± 5.24 (P &lt; 0.05).We found that brain edema was controlled in 40 patients (93.02%) in the lung cancer group and 21 patients (72.41%) in the colon cancer group (P&lt;0.05). In addition, 22 patients (88.00%) in the radiotherapy group achieved edema control, compared to 39 (82.98%) in the non-radiotherapy group (P&gt;0.05). Nine patients experienced hypertension after treatment, two patients exhibited decreased platelet counts, and no hemorrhage cases were observed.ConclusionBevacizumab can significantly alleviate refractory brain edema, and there is a significant difference in the efficacy of bevacizumab on refractory brain edema caused by brain metastasis from lung and colon cancers.
Research progress of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chunling , Huang Xiaozhun , Lan Xiaofeng , Lan Dongmei , Huang Zhangkan , Ye Shu , Ran Yihong , Bi Xinyu , Zhou Jianguo , Che Xu 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSpontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) with hemorrhage is characterized by rapid onset and progression. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the current studies on rHCC with hemorrhage and determine the optimum treatment strategy.MethodThe PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies reporting survival outcomes with comparison between emergency resection (ER) and transarterial embolization following staged hepatectomy (SH) were included by inclusion and exclusion criteria, the perioperative and survival data were statistically summarized using Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultA total of 8 retrospective studies were included, with a total sample size of 556, including 285 (51.3%) in the ER group and 271 (48.7%) in the SH group. The perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion volume in the SH group were less than those in the ER group, and there were no significant differences in the operative time, incidence of complications, mortality and recurrence rate of tumors between the two groups. The 1-, 2-, 3-year overall survival and 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival of the ER group were not significantly different from those of the SH group, and the 5-year overall survival rate of ER group was lower than that of the SH group (hazard ratios=1.52; 95% confidence intervals: 1.14-2.03, P=0.005).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the short-term efficacy of ER or SH in the treatment of ruptured HCC, and SH was superior to ER in the long-term survival.
Prognostic molecular biomarkers in chordomas: A systematic review and identification of clinically usable biomarker panels
Authors: Rubino Franco , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Akdemir Kadir , Conley Anthony P. , Bishop Andrew J. , Wang Wei-Lien , Lazar Alexander J. , Rhines Laurence D. , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objectiveDespite the improvements in management and treatment of chordomas over time, the risk of disease recurrence remains high. Consequently, there is a push to develop effective systemic therapeutics for newly diagnosed and recurrent disease. In order to tailor treatment for individual chordoma patients and develop effective surveillance strategies, suitable clinical biomarkers need to be identified. The objective of this study was to systematically review all prognostic biomarkers for chordomas reported to date in order to classify them according to localization, study design and statistical analysis.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed published studies reporting biomarkers that correlated with clinical outcomes. We included time-to-event studies that evaluated biomarkers in skull base or spine chordomas. To be included in our review, the study must have analyzed the outcomes with univariate and/or multivariate methods (log-rank test or a Cox-regression model).ResultsWe included 68 studies, of which only 5 were prospective studies. Overall, 103 biomarkers were analyzed in 3183 patients. According to FDA classification, 85 were molecular biomarkers (82.5%) mainly located in nucleus and cytoplasm (48% and 27%, respectively). Thirty-four studies analyzed biomarkers with Cox-regression model. Within these studies, 32 biomarkers (31%) and 22 biomarkers (21%) were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS, respectively.ConclusionOur analysis identified a list of 13 biomarkers correlating with tumor control rates and survival. The future point will be gathering all these results to guide the clinical validation for a chordoma biomarker panel. Our identified biomarkers have strengths and weaknesses according to FDA’s guidelines, some are affordable, have a low-invasive collection method and can be easily measured in any health care setting (RDW and D-dimer), but others molecular biomarkers need specialized assay techniques (microRNAs, PD-1 pathway markers, CDKs and somatic chromosome deletions were more chordoma-specific). A focused list of biomarkers that correlate with local recurrence, metastatic spread and survival might be a cornerstone to determine the need of adjuvant therapies.
Caries prevalence of the first permanent molar and associated factors among second-grade students in Xiangyun of Yunnan, China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Mingshan , Xu Xiaoqin , Song Qianqian , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Fang , Lai Guangyun 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the caries prevalence of the first permanent molar (FPM) and the associated factors among second-grade students in Xiangyun of Yunnan, China.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Xiangcheng Town, Xiangyun County, China, from September to November 2020. The methodology recommended by WHO was used for the dental examination. All the parents were required to complete a questionnaire to collect information on children's family background, dietary habits, oral health behaviors and parental oral health-related knowledge. The tests of significance used were the chi-square test. The association between dental caries prevalence and its associated factors was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05.ResultsData of 1,295 second graders consisting of 665 males and 630 females were analyzed. The caries prevalence of FPM was 47.6%, and the mean DMFT was 1.11 ± 1.394 in this sample. Among all the children with caries, the filling rate is meager, 2.6%. There were statistically significant differences in the caries prevalence of FPM among age groups. No significant difference existed between the sexes. Logistic regression analysis showed that the most significantly associated factors were: consuming desserts at least once a day, no fluoride varnish application experience, worse parental perception of children's oral health status, and incorrect parental knowledge of whether decayed primary teeth need treatment.ConclusionCaries prevalence of FPM among second-grade schoolchildren in Xiangyun was considerably higher than the average prevalence nationwide in China. As China aims to reduce dental caries to &lt;25% of 12-year-old children in 2030, the local government of remote regions like Xiangyun needs to do much more to achieve this goal. Results of this study could provide a framework for ongoing and future public oral health programs and policy planning in Xiangyun, with particular attention to early preventive and therapeutic measures.
Activated CD4 + T lymphocyte is a potential biomarker for acute graft-vs.-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia
Authors: Huang Ken , Luo Jianming 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAcute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) is still one of the most common and life-threatening complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Whether or not the level of activated T lymphocytes rises before the onset of aGVHD is unknown. We explored the possibility of T lymphocytes as biomarkers for early prediction of aGVHD in children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDTβ).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets before and 14 days after HSCT in children with TDTβ who developed aGVHD. Data from 95 children (Age ≤ 14 years) who underwent allogeneic HSCT from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected. Patients were divided into non-aGVHD group (n = 55) and aGVHD group (n = 40), and aGVHD group was divided into two subgroups: grade I aGVHD (n = 16) and grade II-IV aGVHD (n = 24). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to predict aGVHD.ResultsBefore preconditioning in non-aGVHD and aGVHD groups, there was no significant difference in all lymphocyte subsets and ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + T cells. On day 14 post-transplantation in non-aGVHD and aGVHD groups, the absolute concentrations per μl blood of T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, activated CD4 + T cell and NK cells, were 69.73 (14.70, 137.77) and 140.36 (65.06, 293.42), 10.00 (2.35, 23.59) and 35.91 (12.41, 68.71), 37.25 (5.82, 84.36) and 89.99 (35.83, 180.81), 0.52 (0.17, 2.20) and 4.08 (0.91, 11.12), 43.86 (15.00, 91.31) and 26.35 (15.19, 49.39), respectively. On day + 14 (14 days post-transplantation), the differences in all cell subsets and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + T cells were not statistically significant between grade I aGVHD and grade II-IV aGVHD subgroups. The absolute concentrations of CD8 + T cells in grade I aGVHD were significantly higher than in grade II-IV aGVHD [128.21 (61.11, 258.91) vs. 60.81 (21.59, 176.38), P = 0.057]. AUC of NK cells, CD8 + T cells, T cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD4 + CD25 + T cells were 0.6275, 0.6839, 0.7068, 0.7241, and 0.7589, and cut-off values were 73.75 (97.50, 34.55), 146.90 (37.50, 94.55), 187.30 (45.00, 90.91), 18.95 (70.00, 72.73), and 3.24 (52.50, 87.27), respectively. The AUC of the combined CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD8 + T cells, CD4 + CD25 + T cells and T cells, CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD4 + T cells, CD4 + CD25 + T cells and NK cells, respectively, were 0.7500, 0.7598, 0.7750, and 0.8050.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that level of activated CD4 + T cells on day + 14 (post-HSCT) is a valuable biomarker for predicting aGVHD in children with TDTβ and CD8 + T cells could likely be a biomarker for severe aGVHD.
Pharmacological and molecular analysis of the effects of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction on proliferation and apoptosis in GES-1 cells infected with H. pylori
Authors: Hu Jingnan , He Tao , Liu Jianfang , Jia Sujie , Li Bolin , Xu Weichao , Liao Man , Guo Lifang 
Published: September 2022

Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause chronic gastritis and other digestive tract diseases, and represents a public health concern. Current anti-H. pylori treatment can result in antibiotic resistance and other adverse reactions. Huangqi Jianzhong decoction (HQJZD) is a prescription form of traditional Chinese medicine for chronic gastritis that increases probiotics and inhibits H. pylori. In this study, its anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori receives a preliminary evaluation, and a pharmacology analysis is performed to predict its underlying mechanisms.Methods: Human GES-1 cells are divided into a blank control group, a model group, a HQJZD low-dose (2.08 mg·mL−1), a high-dose group (4.16 mg·mL−1), and a positive control group (amoxicillin, 5 μg·mL−1). After culture, the CCK-8 method is used to detect cell viability; flow cytometry is used to detect cell apoptosis rate; and RT-qPCR is used to detect the expression of mRNA virulence factors, including HpPrtC, OPiA, IceA1, and BabA2. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were performed to explore the mechanisms of HQJZD in treating H. pylori gastritis, based on its anti-H. pylori infection effect.Results: We noted lower cell survival rates in the model group, but higher apoptosis rates and mRNA expressions of HpPrtC, OPiA, IceA1, and BabA2 than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the model group, the cell survival rate of each dosage group of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction and the positive control group increased significantly, while the apoptosis rate and the mRNA expressions of HpPrtC, OPiA, IceA1, and BabA2 were decreased significantly. The effect in each HQJZD group was dose-dependent (p &lt; 0.05). Network pharmacological analysis involving 159 signaling pathways was used to screen 6 key active components of HQJZD and 102 potential target proteins for the treatment of H. pylori-related gastritis. The molecular docking results revealed that the 6 active compounds had a strong binding ability with the target proteins of ALB, IL-6, AKT1, IL-1B, and JUN.Conclusion: HQJZD effectively increases the proliferation rate of human GES-1 cells after infection, while reducing the level of apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to multiple components, multiple targets and pathways, which provides a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of action, the pharmacodynamic material basis, and the clinical application of HQJZD against H. pylori infection.
Development of mucoadhesive adapalene gel for biotherapeutic delivery to vaginal tissue
Authors: Afzaal Hasan , Shahiq-uz-Zaman  , Saeed Adil , Hamdani Syed Damin Abbas , Raza Amir , Gul Alvina , Babar Mustafeez Mujtaba , Rajadas Jayakumar 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Alternate formulation strategies need to be devised for improving the absorption and bioavailability of drug molecules administered through the intravaginal route. Enhancing the coating of vaginal mucosa can aid the achievement of this goal. The aim of the current study is to develop a mucoadhesive formulation having adequate adhesiveness, spreading, and viscosity profiles that can ensure good tissue absorption of adapalene upon intravaginal application.Method: A combination of mucoadhesive agents has been employed, including Carbopol-934, HPMC K-15M, and xanthan gum, in varying ratios to formulate five different gels. Furthermore, a cost-effective UV-spectroscopic analytical method was developed to quantify the amount of adapalene in tested samples, both of in vitro and in vivo origin. The analytical method was validated for different parameters, including specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. The modified USP-II apparatus was used for dissolution studies, while in vivo pharmacokinetic validation was performed in a murine model.Result: Of all the tested formulations, on the basis of the rheo-mechanical attributes, ACX3 performed better than the rest, including the commercially available intravaginal reference product. ACX3 had an average adhesion time of 12 min and a spread diameter of 37 mm. It showed 35 mm as average distance travelled by the diluted sample for leakage assessment. The analytical method developed for the adapalene muco-adhesive gel was within the range for all the validation parameters. For further evaluating the performance of the formulation, dissolution studies were conducted in simulated vaginal conditions which showed 94.83% of drug release within 5 minutes, while on completion of 30 min, it was measured to be 92.90%. Moreover, approximately 67% of the administered drug was recovered after 5 min of administration as evaluated through tissue recovery procedures in mice.Conclusion: The study aided in development of a formulation which can enhance the muco-adhesion of the drug molecule, resulting in an improved pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover, it established an efficient assay method which can be employed for in vitro and in vivo quantification of adapalene in simulated and physiological fluids.
Decursinol-mediated antinociception and anti-allodynia in acute and neuropathic pain models in male mice: Tolerance and receptor profiling
Authors: Crawford LaTaijah C. , Kim Sangyub , Karelia Deepkamal , Sepulveda Diana E. , Morgan Daniel J. , Lü Junxuan , Henderson-Redmond Angela N. 
Published: September 2022

Korean scientists have shown that oral administration of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root alcoholic extract and the metabolite of its pyranocoumarins, decursinol, have antinociceptive properties across various thermal and acute inflammatory pain models. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether tolerance develops to the antinociceptive effects of once-daily intraperitoneally administered decursinol (50 mg/kg) in acute thermal pain models, 2) to establish its anti-allodynic efficacy and potential tolerance development in a model of chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain (CENP) and 3) to probe the involvement of select receptors in mediating the pain-relieving effects with antagonists. The results show that decursinol induced antinociception in both the hot plate and tail-flick assays and reversed mechanical allodynia in mice with cisplatin-evoked neuropathic pain. Tolerance was detected to the antinociceptive effects of decursinol in the hot plate and tail-flick assays and to the anti-allodynic effects of decursinol in neuropathic mice. Pretreatment with either the 5-HT2 antagonist methysergide, the 5-HT2A antagonist volinanserin, or the 5-HT2C antagonist SB-242084 failed to attenuate decursinol-induced antinociception in the tail-flick assay. While pretreatment with the cannabinoid inverse agonists rimonabant and SR144528 failed to modify decursinol-induced anti-allodynia, pretreatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone partially attenuated the anti-allodynic effects of decursinol. In conclusion, our data support decursinol as an active phytochemical of AGN having both antinociceptive and anti-allodynic properties. Future work warrants a more critical investigation of potential receptor mechanisms as they are likely more complicated than initially reported.