bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide characterization of the Rho family in cotton provides insights into fiber development
Authors: HE Man , WANG Xingfen , LIU Shang , CHENG Hailiang , ZUO Dongyun , WANG Qiaolian , LV Limin , ZHANG Youping , SONG Guoli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cotton is the source of natural fibers globally, fulfilling 90% of the textile industry's requirements. However, fiber development is a complex biological process comprising four stages. Fiber develops from a single cell, and cell elongation is a vital process in fiber development. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand and exploit mechanisms underlying cell elongation during fiber development. A previous report about cell division control protein 42 (CDC-42) with its key role in cell elongation in eukaryotes inspired us to explore its homologs Rho GTPases for understanding of cell elongation during cotton fiber development.

Result
We classified 2 066 Rho proteins from 8 Gossypium species into 5 and 8 groups within A and D sub-genomes, respectively. Asymmetric evolution of Rho members was observed among five tetraploids. Population fixation statistics between two short and long fiber genotypes identified highly diverged regions encompassing 34 Rho genes in G. hirustum, and 31 of them were retained through further validation by genome wide association analysis (GWAS). Moreover, a weighted gene co-expression network characterized genome-wide expression patteren of Rho genes based on previously published transcriptome data. Twenty Rho genes from five modules were identified as hub genes which were potentially related to fiber development. Interaction networks of 5 Rho genes based on transcriptional abundance and gene ontology (GO) enrichment emphasized the involvement of Rho in cell wall biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and other biological processes.

Conclusion
Our study characterized the Rho proteins in cotton, provided insights into the cell elongation of cotton fiber and potential application in cotton fiber improvement.
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with intensive use of cocaine and the adulterant levamisole in a 29-year old patient
Authors: Tollens Nadine , Post Philip , Martins Dos Santos Michael , Niggemann Pascal , Warken Melanie , Wolf Joachim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLevamisole is a common adulterant of cocaine and has been associated with reversible leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users. We report a case of two episodes with severe neurological symptoms and multifocal white matter lesions with brainstem and cerebellar involvement in a 29-year-old man after sporadic cocaine consumption. A urinalysis was positive for levamisole. Neurological deficits as well as MRI presentation improved after cessation of levamisole exposure and two courses of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Early diagnosis of levamisole-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy and treatment with corticosteroids without delay is essential for a good recovery from neurological symptoms. Although cocaine is one of the most prevalent abused illicit drugs, cocaine- and levamisole-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy is underdiagnosed as this disorder is not often described in the literature and anamnesis of drug abuse is not admitted by the patient. Therefore, an additional screening for cocaine and levamisole in clinical practice is useful in similar cases to support the diagnosis.
Onshore model building using elastic full-waveform inversion on surface and body waves: A case study from Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Adwani Akash , Danilouchkine Mike , Al-Siyabi Qais , Al-Droushi Omaima , ten Kroode Fons , Plessix Rene-Edouard , Ernst Fabian 
Published: August 2022

We have determined the potential of the elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to overcome some difficult challenges in onshore seismic imaging. The approach allows for simultaneous inversion of surface and body waves and, theoretically, is free from the limitations of traditional dispersion curve analysis and traveltime inversion. Indeed, identification and separation of different wavefield types are not required, and all wave types can be treated within a unified inversion scheme. However, FWI requires a reasonably good initial model, and the sensitivity of the misfit function with respect to the different wave types should be appropriately accounted for. This is the most essential step with onshore seismic data because the ground roll is much more energetic in comparison with the body waves. Our approach is based on a time-offset weighting function to balance the contribution of the different wave types in combination with a conventional frequency continuation approach. We first illustrate the feasibility of our approach on a 2D synthetic example representing a complex geology from south Oman. Then, we develop a 3D real data example from south Oman, where the application of our workflow till 8 Hz plays a pivotal role in retrieving a reliable model and in explaining the entire observed wavefields. In this example, the inversion of the ground roll helps improving the recovery of the shallow part of the earth, and hence better constraining the inversion of the body waves.
Wave propagation in double-porosity thermoelastic media
Authors: Li Nianqi , Deng Wubing , Fu Li-Yun , Carcione José M. , Han Tongcheng 
Published: August 2022

The Lord-Shulman thermoporoelasticity theory couples the Biot and hyperbolic heat equations to describe wave propagation, modeling explicitly the effects of heat and fluid flows. We have extended the theory to the case of double porosity by taking into account the local heat flow (LHF) and local fluid flow (LFF) due to wave propagation. The plane-wave analysis finds the presence of the classical P and S waves and three slow P waves, namely, the slow (Biot) P1, the slow (Biot) P2, and a thermal slow P wave (or T wave). The frequency-dependent attenuation curves find that these slow waves manifest as Zener-like relaxation peaks, which are loosely related to the LFF, Biot, and LHF loss mechanisms. The viscosity and thermoelasticity properties can lead to the diffusive behavior of the three slow P modes. However, the S wave is considered to be independent of fluid and temperature influence. We examine the effect of thermophysical properties (e.g., thermal conductivity and relaxation time) on the wave velocity and attenuation of different modes. It is confirmed that the T wave is prone to be observed in media with high thermal conductivities and high homogeneity at high frequencies. Our double-porosity thermoelastic model reasonably explains laboratory measurements and well-log data from ultradeep fractured carbonates at high temperatures.
Impact of diagnosis on outcomes for compulsory treatment orders in New Zealand
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Newton-Howes Giles , Porter Richard , Frampton Chris 
Published: August 2022

Background
Compulsory community treatment orders (CTOs) are controversial because they enforce psychiatric treatment of patients in the community. It is important to know which patients benefit from compulsory treatment to better inform CTO use.

Aims
To examine the effect of a range of diagnoses on outcomes associated with CTOs to determine whether there are specific outcome signatures for CTOs according to diagnosis.

Method
New Zealand's Ministry of Health databases provided demographic, service use and medication-dispensing data for all individuals placed on a CTO between 2009 and 2018. We used a hierarchical approach to categorise individuals according to diagnosis. Admission rates, admission days per year, community care and medication dispensing were analysed according to diagnosis and CTO status.

Results
In total, 14 726 patients were placed on a CTO over the 10-year period between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. For psychotic disorders, CTOs were associated with reduced admission frequency and duration. However, the opposite occurred for dementia disorders, bipolar disorders, major depressive disorder and personality disorders. Higher rates of medications, including depot antipsychotic medications, were dispensed on CTOs for all diagnostic groups.

Conclusions
CTOs were associated with reduced admission frequency and admission days per year for patients with psychotic disorders, whereas the opposite occurred for other diagnostic groups. Rather than seeking to establish whether CTOs are effective, we suggest that there are specific outcome signatures associated with CTOs for different disorders and knowledge of these can improve understanding and clinical practice in this area.
Suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among patients with substance use disorder: institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassie Gebeyaw Molla , Lemu Yohanes Mirekena , Biresaw Mengesha Srahbzu , Dessie Gebremeskel Mesafint , Tadesse Getaneh Tesfaye , Gared Woredaw Minichil , Belay Mesele Wonde 
Published: August 2022

Background
No published research in Ethiopia has examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and associated factors among patients with substance use disorder.

Aims
The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and associated factors among patients with substance use disorders.

Method
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 5 May to 13 June 2019 in Addis Ababa. A total of 408 patients were identified using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using the suicidality module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Data were entered into EpiData and analysed using SPSS. Logistic regression analyses were employed. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and attempt were found to be 39.5% and 18.6%, respectively. Family history of mental illness (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.60, 95% CI: 2.17, 5.97), comorbid mental illness (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.11, 6.16), perceived stigma related to substance misuse (AOR = 4.00, 95% CI: 2.26, 7.07) and alcohol use (AOR = 7.49, 95% CI: 1.99, 28.19) were associated with suicidal ideation. Being female (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.70), family history of suicide (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.68, 5.64), comorbid mental illness (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.23, 7.49) and khat use (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.24, 11.17) were associated with suicide attempt.

Conclusions
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt were both found to be high. In particular, patients who had a comorbid mental illness were at high risk of both suicidal ideation and attempt. Therefore, special attention should be given to those with a family history of suicide or comorbid mental illness.
Generalized Max-Weight Policies in Stochastic Matching
Authors: Jonckheere Matthieu , Moyal Pascal , Ramírez Claudia , Soprano-Loto Nahuel 
Published: August 2022

We consider a matching system where items arrive one by one at each node of a compatibility network according to Poisson processes and depart from it as soon as they are matched to a compatible item. The matching policy considered is a generalized max-weight policy where decisions can be noisy. Additionally, some of the nodes may have impatience, that is, leave the system before being matched. Using specific properties of the max-weight policy, we construct a simple quadratic Lyapunov function. This allows us to establish stability results, to prove exponential convergence speed toward the stationary measure, and to give explicit bounds for the stationary mean of the largest queue size in the system. We finally illustrate some of these results using simulations on toy examples. Funding: N. Soprano-Loto is partially supported by Aristas, MathAmSud [Grant RSPSM (Random Structures and Processes in Statistical Mechanics)], and ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) [Grant PRC (Projets de Recherche Collaborative) MATCHES (CE40)].
Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants
Authors: RUMAPE OPIR , KILO AKRAM LA , ISCHAK NETTY INO 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rumape O, Kilo A, Ischak NI. 2022. Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants. Biodiversitas 23: 3355-3363. Amethyst (Datura metel L.) is a plant that grows and develops in the Gorontalo area, and people use it as traditional medicine. This plant has a natural insecticidal activity that is not yet known by the general public. So far, the results of research on natural insecticides from amethyst have only been tested on a small scale in the laboratory, not yet applied on a large scale in the garden. The purpose of this study was to extract amethyst leaves and apply it as an inhibitor of feeding activity and insect mortality in both the laboratory and soybean gardens. Amethyst leaves were extracted in the laboratory using methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were tested phytochemically to determine the type of secondary metabolite, before applying it. Phytochemical test showed amethyst leaves contain alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, and saponin. The application treatment for the bioactivity used variations in the concentration of amethyst leaf extract of the fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane), namely 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10%; and 0% as control. In the laboratory, the treatment was applied by contact to 5 insects Spodoptera litura instar III for each concentration treatment with 3 replications. Observation parameters were the percentage decrease in feeding activity and mortality of Spodoptera litura larvae. In the garden, the extracts with varying concentrations of the same as in the laboratory, were applied to soybeans treated with the pest Spodoptera liturain a closed container, and the other was sprayed on plants that were left exposed. The results showed that the three extracts could kill pests, but n-hexane extract was the most effective compared to ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Amazingly, soybean plants whose yellow leaves turn green after being given the extract. This indicates that the secondary metabolites of amethyst are not only used as insecticides to control pests, but also as plant fertilizers.
Physiological and ultrastructural studies of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold-mine tailings
Authors: PRASETYA DAVINA NATHANIA , HAMIM HAMIM , SULISTYANINGSIH YOHANA CAECILIA 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Prasetya DN, Hamim, Sulistyaningsih YC. 2022. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold-mine tailings. Biodiversitas 23: 3471-3479. Heavy metal contamination through tailings from mining pollutes the environment and harms human health. This study aimed to analyze physiological, especially ultrastructural changes and the photosynthetic activities of Jatropha curcas and Reutealis trisperma in response to gold mine tailings. J. curcas and R. trisperma were grown in 8 kg of polybags and treated with 0%, 50%, and 100% gold mine tailings for three months before examining their morphological, physiological, and leaf ultrastructure. The results showed that gold mine tailings with 50% and 100% concentrations affected the growth of both species. This was indicated by reduced plant height, total leaf number, shoot, root dry weight, and decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Furthermore, treatment of gold mine tailing at 50% and 100% induced lipid peroxidation, indicated by the significant increase in leaf malondialdehyde content. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates at 90 days after treatment decreased with the increase in gold mine tailings concentration. The leaf ultrastructure analysis showed high-level tailings of treatment-induced ultrastructure alteration of J. curcasand R. trisperma. However, these changes did not significantly affect the photosynthesis rate, hence the plants survived until the end of the observation period. The overall effect of tailings on R. trisperma was lower than on J. curcas, suggesting that R. trisperma had higher adaptability than J. curcas.
Detailed description of scanning electromagnetic microscope (SEM) of the Holothuria scabra’s ossicles (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Pesawaran waters, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: KHATULISTIANI TIARA S. , DEWI ARIYANTI S. , YASMAN YASMAN 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Khatulistiani TS, Dewi AS, Yasman. 2022. Detailed description of scanning electromagnetic microscope (SEM) of the Holothuria scabra’s ossicles (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Pesawaran waters, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3697-3704. Ossicles are the microscopic calcified endoskeleton that are unique across sea cucumber species. Furthermore, their integrity is maintained after physical and chemical processes that make them a desired attribute for identification purposes. Understanding ossicle characteristic especially for the sandfish H. scabra juvenilles is important during mariculture and prevent fraud due to their high economic value. This study aims to identify wild H. scabra ossicles from Pesawaran waters, Lampung Province, Indonesia using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) to get more detailed morphology of their ossicles. Seven specimens of H. scabra were collected in Pesawaran, Sari Ringgung and Mutun, around Pesawaran waters. Morphology identification were carried out by observing the body appearance and tentacles of the specimens as well as measuring their weights and lengths. The observation of the ossicles was performed using a light microscope (LEICA ICC50 HD) at 400x magnification and a SEM (Jeol-JCM6000). The length of the tested specimens were around 140-300 mm and their weight were approximately 99-579 g. These two parameters were found to exhibit positive correlation (R2 = 0.93; R= 0.96; p = 0.000). All observed specimens displayed peltate tentacles (12-22 tentacles) surrounding their mouths. The correlation between length and tentacle numbers was also positive (R2= 0.53; R= 0.73; p = 0.101). The shape of the ossicles consist of six to fourteen-hole buttons, tables, spiny perforated plates from the cloaca, tube foot rods, tentacle rods, dorsal rods, dorsal perforated spiny rods, I shaped and branched rods.
Performance of improved mode diversity reception for free-space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wang Feng , Qiu Cong , Chen Yue , Hu Guijun 
Published: August 2022

This paper first proposes and verifies two simplified mode diversity receivers (MDRs) for free-space optical (FSO) communication systems under moderate-to-strong turbulence. The MDRs are designed and implemented for coherent detection of the FSO communication system based on few-mode-fiber (FMF) coupling. The first MDR replaces the coherent receiver with a Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver, which reduces the number of photodetectors (PDs) and high-speed analog-to-digital converters by 3/4. The second MDR realizes few-mode KK detection by utilizing a few-mode local oscillator and only one PD. This method simplifies the system of a MDR to the extreme. Experimental results show that the average received power of a FSO communication system based on six-mode fiber has approximately 6 dB gain compared with the one based on single-mode fiber (SMF) under moderate-to-strong turbulence. The two proposed MDRs have approximate performance, improving by 5 dB to 6 dB compared to SMF-based heterodyne detection under moderate-to-strong turbulence. In addition, the simplified schemes reduce the volume and the cost of the optical receiver, and it has some practical significance for FSO communication.
Apelin and its ratio to lipid factors are associated with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akbari Hamed , Hosseini-Bensenjan Mahnaz , Salahi Sarvenaz , Moazzen Fatemeh , Aria Hamid , Manafi Alireza , Hosseini Saeed , Niknam Maryam , Asadikaram Gholamreza 
Published: August 2022

Background
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if the circulating levels of apelin, as an important regulator of the cardiovascular homeostasis, differ in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and controls.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify the studies addressing apelin in CVD up to April 5, 2021. Due to the presence of different units to measure the circulating levels of apelin across the included studies, they expressed the standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary effect size. A random-effects model comprising DerSimonian and Laird method was used to pool SMDs.

Results
Twenty-four articles (30 studies) comprised of 1793 cases and 1416 controls were included. Pooled results obtained through random-effects model indicated that apelin concentrations in the cases’ blood samples were significantly lower than those of the control groups (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI: -1.25, -0.18, P = 0.009; I2 = 97.3%, P<0.001). New combined biomarkers showed a significant decrease in SMD of apelin/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/HDL-C) ratio [-5.17; 95% CI, -8.72, -1.63, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.0%], apelin/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/LDL-C) ratio [-4.31; 95% CI, -6.08, -2.55, P = 0.000; I2 = 98.0%] and apelin/total cholesterol (apelin/TC) ratio [-17.30; 95% CI, -22.85, -11.76, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.1%]. However, no significant differences were found in the SMD of apelin/triacylglycerol (apelin/TG) ratio in cases with CVDs compared to the control group [-2.96; 95% CI, -7.41, 1.49, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.2%].

Conclusion
The association of apelin with CVDs is different based on the region and disease subtypes. These findings account for the possible usefulness of apelin as an additional biomarker in the diagnosis of CVD in diabetic patients and in the diagnosis of patients with CAD. Moreover, apelin/HDL-c, apelin/LDL-c, and apelin/TC ratios could be offered as diagnostic markers for CVD.
Association of air pollution and 1-year clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Choi Se Yeon , Rha Seung-Woon , Cha Jinah , Byun Jae Kyeong , Choi Byoung Geol , Jeong Myung ho ,   on behalf of The Korea Acute Myocardial Infraction Registry study group
Published: August 2022

Background
Exposure to air pollution (AP) is an important environmental risk factor for increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and triggering acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are limited data regarding the clinical impact of AP on long-term major clinical outcomes of AMI patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of ambient AP concentration on short-term and 1-year clinical outcomes of AMI patients.

Methods
A total of 46,263 eligible patients were enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction (KAMIR) and KAMIR-National Institutes of Health (NIH) registry from January 2006 to December 2015. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the risk of all-cause death and any-revascularization according to the annual average concentration of AP during one-year follow-up period.

Results
The assessment of the annual average of air pollutants before symptom date and all-cause death up to 30 days showed the hazard ratio (HR) of SO2 per 1 part per billion (ppb) increase was 1.084 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016–1.157), and particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less (PM10) per 1 μg/m3 increase was 1.011 (95% CI: 1.002–1.021). The results of the 30-day and one-year all-cause death showed a similar trend. For SO2, the HR per 1 ppb increase was 1.084 (95% CI: 1.003–1.172), and the HR of PM10 was 1.021 (95% CI: 1.009–1.033) per 1 μg/m3 increase. We observed that SO2, CO, and PM10 were associated with an increased risk of incidence for any-revascularization up to one-year.

Conclusion
In some air pollutants, a higher AP concentration was an environmental risk factor for poor prognosis in AMI patients up to 1 year. AMI patients and high-risk individuals need a strategy to reduce or prevent exposure to high AP concentrations.