bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive emergencies
Authors: Shantsila Alena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertensive emergencies can manifest with a range of acute hypertension-mediated organ damage. This chapter reviews the epidemiology and common pathophysiological mechanisms causing the development of such emergencies. It discusses differences in clinical presentations of specific organ-specific damage such as hypertensive encephalopathy, malignant hypertension with retinal lesions, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, coronary ischaemia, acute aortic dissection, and renal failure. The chapter also reviews the evidence and current recommendations on appropriate management of these acute states and justification of preferable strategies for blood pressure reduction. Overall, the chapter aims to encourage a holistic approach to the management of these potentially life-threatening and often underdiagnosed forms of clinical emergency.
Treatment of the older adult
Authors: Akpan Asangaedem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypertension, especially isolated systolic hypertension, is common in older people. White coat hypertension is also very common in older individuals making ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) essential to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents, coronary artery disease, heart failure, retinopathy, chronic renal disease, and cognitive impairment. The benefits of treating hypertension including isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly has been demonstrated conclusively. Overtreatment can be harmful and caution is advocated in the very old. Non-pharmacological approaches are an integral part of management. Management can be challenging because of side effects especially postural hypotension, polypharmacy, frailty, and coexisting multiple chronic conditions.
RM2Target: a comprehensive database for targets of writers, erasers and readers of RNA modifications
Authors: Bao Xiaoqiong , Zhang Yin , Li Huiqin , Teng Yuyan , Ma Lixia , Chen Zhihang , Luo Xiaotong , Zheng Jian , Zhao An , Ren Jian , Zuo Zhixiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA modification is a dynamic and reversible process regulated by a series of writers, erasers and readers (WERs). Abnormal changes of WERs will disrupt the RNA modification homeostasis of their target genes, leading to the dysregulation of RNA metabolisms such as RNA stability and translation, and consequently to diseases such as cancer. A public repository hosting the regulatory relationships between WERs and their target genes will help in understanding the roles of RNA modifications in various physiological and pathological conditions. Previously, we developed a database named ‘m6A2Target’ to host targets of WERs in m6A, one of the most prevalent RNA modifications in eukaryotic cells. To host all RNA modification (RM)-related WER–target associations, we hereby present an updated database, named ‘RM2Target’ (http://rm2target.canceromics.org/). In this update, RM2Target encompasses 1 619 653 WER–target associations for nine RNA modifications in human and mouse, including m6A, m6Am, m5C, m5U, m1A, m7G, pseudouridine, 2′-O-Me and A-to-I. Extensive annotations of target genes are available in RM2Target, including but not limited to basic gene information, RNA modifications, RNA–RNA/RNA–protein interactions and related diseases. Altogether, we expect that RM2Target will facilitate further downstream functional and mechanistic studies in the field of RNA modification research.
Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers by Brown-headed Cowbirds: Severe impact on individual nests but modest consequences for seasonal fecundity and conservation
Authors: Lignac Claire , Mumme Ronald L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) often has pronounced negative effects on host nests. However, the extent to which parasitism reduces annual reproduction and presents conservation challenges for host species is unclear. We address this issue with data from a color-banded population of Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) in Pennsylvania, where Hooded Warblers have increased dramatically despite frequent nest parasitism. Our analysis is based on both an extensive dataset (8 years, 847 nests) on the per-nest impacts of cowbird parasitism and female-based stochastic simulations that accurately reflect the reproductive biology and parasitism rate (30%) of our study population. Cowbird parasitism has multiple negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, including (1) reduced host clutch size; (2) increased nest abandonment; (3) increased risk of complete failure due to predation; and (4) in surviving nests increased egg loss, hatching failure, and nestling mortality. We estimate that parasitism reduces success of Hooded Warbler nests 68%, from 1.29 to 0.41 fledglings per nest. For females and populations, however, the consequences of nest parasitism are considerably less extreme; female annual fecundity decreases 25% for each nesting attempt parasitized, and population-level fecundity drops 5.6% for each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism. These more modest impacts are attributable to (1) steep declines in rates of cowbird parasitism as the nesting season progresses, (2) rapid renesting following abandonment or failure of parasitized nests, and (3) regular double brooding, with second broods initiated in late June and July when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our results help resolve the paradox of how cowbird parasitism can have both severe consequences for individual host nests but more modest and sustainable conservation impacts on the seasonal fecundity of females and populations. They further underscore the importance of determining population-level effects of brood parasites before investing in costly management efforts.
Social workers in integrated care beyond primary care: a scoping review
Authors: Milano Nicole , Petruzzi Liana , Covington Elle , Jones Barbara , Findley Patricia A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Social workers are key members of integrated care (IC) teams, yet there is limited research on the presence and roles of social workers on IC teams. Research literature from 2014 to 2021 was identified using the following search engines: Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, SocINDEX and MEDLINE. An exploratory search was conducted in January 2021 and an updated search was conducted in August 2021. This search resulted in 802 references, 50 of which met criteria for full-text review. Nine articles were identified through supplemental searching. 20 articles were included in the final review. Of the 20 studies included, most were randomized control trials (45%; n = 9). Studies varied across settings including specialty care (40%; n = 8), community-based practices (35%; n = 7), and primary care (25%; n = 5). Social workers engaged in a variety of roles including behavioral interventions, care coordination, and intake assessment. Social workers are engaged in IC in a variety of roles across healthcare settings. Findings suggest that patients’ mental health outcomes improve in IC settings which include social workers. Future research is needed to isolate the impact that social workers have in IC.
Social workers are key members of integrated care teams, yet there is a need to explore their roles on these teams. Using a methodological approach, research literature from 2014 to 2021 was explored to establish the roles, responsibilities, and settings of social workers on integrated care teams. Of the 20 articles included in the review, social workers held various roles including intake assessment, care coordination, and behavioral interventions, such as psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Findings suggest that social workers are on integrated care teams in a variety of roles across various healthcare settings and that patients’ mental health outcomes improve in integrated care settings that include social workers.
Dissecting the below- and aboveground specific responses of two waterlogging-tolerant arbor species to nutrient supply under waterlogging conditions
Authors: Li Dadong , Miao Lingfeng , Cisse El-Hadji Malick , Li Lijun , Chen Boshen , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough environmental factors affecting adventitious root (AR) formation have been examined, how nutrient status affects ARs under waterlogging conditions remains unclear. In this study, plants’ performance in responding to AR regulation based on nutrient supply was investigated in terms of plant morphology, physiology and AR traits. Results indicated that Cleistocalyx operculatus possesses higher waterlogging tolerance than Syzygium cumini according to the waterlogging tolerance coefficient, mainly because of the higher fresh weight, porosity and length of AR in C. operculatus. Nutrient supply treatment under a waterlogging condition significantly decreased the fresh weight, length, number, porosity, cortex area of AR and the ratio of cortex-to-stele area in both species relative to those in the waterlogging treatment, but significantly increased the activities and stele areas of AR, and leaf nutrient content. This result showed that nutrient supply caused variations in the morphological and anatomical structures of AR that were more beneficial to improve nutrient transportation than oxygen absorption under waterlogging conditions, supporting the nutrient-priority hypothesis. Moreover, nutrient supply under waterlogging conditions induced greater increase in stele area of ARs, fresh weight of the whole plant, total leaf area, leaf nitrogen level, total chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate and maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII in S. cumini than in C. operculatus, suggesting that S. cumini can transport more nutrients and easily adapts to increase in nutrient supply under waterlogging conditions. Thus, S. cumini have better performance in extracting and utilizing nutrients in the water for plant growth. The findings showed that terrestrial arbor plants have physiological and microstructural mechanisms that respond to nutrient supply under waterlogging conditions and provide novel insights into the phytoremediation of eutrophic water bodies in wetland systems.
Checklists and cognitive aids: underutilized and under-researched tools to promote patient safety and optimize clinician performance
Authors: Daly Guris Rodrigo J. , Lane-Fall Meghan B. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Checklists and other cognitive aids serve multiple purposes in the peri-operative setting and have become nearly ubiquitous in healthcare. This review lays out the evidence for their use, shortcomings and pitfalls to be aware of, and how technology and innovation may improve checklist and cognitive aid relevance and usability.

Recent findings
It has been difficult to show a direct link between the use of checklists alone and patient outcomes, but simulation studies have repeatedly demonstrated an association between checklist or cognitive aid use and improved performance. When implemented as part of a bundle of interventions, checklists likely have a positive impact, but the benefit of checklists and other cognitive aids may be both context- and user dependent. Advances in technology and automation demonstrate promise, but usability, design, and implementation research in this area are necessary to maximize effectiveness.

Summary
Cognitive aids like checklists are powerful tools in the perioperative and critical care setting. Further research and innovation may elevate what is possible by improving the usability and relevance of these tools, possibly translating into improved patient outcomes.
Development and implementation of databases to track patient and safety outcomes
Authors: Mukasa Christopher D.M. , Kovacheva Vesela P. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Recent advancements in big data analytical tools and large patient databases have expanded tremendously the opportunities to track patient and safety outcomes.
We discuss the strengths and limitations of large databases and implementation in practice with a focus on the current opportunities to use technological advancements to improve patient safety.

Recent findings
The most used sources of data for large patient safety observational studies are administrative databases, clinical registries, and electronic health records. These data sources have enabled research on patient safety topics ranging from rare adverse outcomes to large cohort studies of the modalities for pain control and safety of medications. Implementing the insights from big perioperative data research is augmented by automating data collection and tracking the safety outcomes on a provider, institutional, national, and global level. In the near future, big data from wearable devices, physiological waveforms, and genomics may lead to the development of personalized outcome measures.

Summary
Patient safety research using large databases can provide actionable insights to improve outcomes in the perioperative setting. As datasets and methods to gain insights from those continue to grow, adopting novel technologies to implement personalized quality assurance initiatives can significantly improve patient care.
Immunosuppressant Monitoring—Performance of the First Mass Spectrometry–Based Automated Clinical Analyzer Cascadion
Authors: Grote-Koska Denis , Czajkowski Stefan , Staaden Antje , Brand Korbinian 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Automatic analyzers simplify processes and may help improve standardization. The first automated analyzer based on mass spectrometry is available and offers a panel for monitoring cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus. Method comparisons and evaluation tests are presented to verify the capability of the Cascadion system for use in a clinical laboratory.

Methods:
Sample preparation and measurements were performed using the Cascadion clinical analyzer. More than 1000 measurement values of patient samples were compared with an in vitro diagnostic–certified assay run on a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument. Precision and accuracy were determined using commercial quality control and external quality assessment (EQA) samples.

Results:
A good correlation between the 2 instruments was observed (Pearson correlation r = 0.956–0.996). Deming regression revealed 95% confidence intervals of slopes and intercepts covering the values 1 and 0, for sirolimus and everolimus, respectively, indicating equivalence of both measuring systems. However, for cyclosporin A, a bias was observed and confirmed using a Bland–Altman plot (−9.1%). Measurement repeatability and intermediate measurement precision were appropriate showing coefficients of variation of 0.9%–6.1% and 2.0%–5.3%, respectively. Accuracy according to internal quality controls was 85%–111% and 81%–100% in the EQA samples of Reference Institute of Bioanalytics and Laboratory of the Government Chemist, respectively. High robustness was found with regard to the linearity of the calibration lines (linear regression coefficient r
2 > 0.99). Carryover was negligible (0.1%).

Conclusions:
The Cascadion automatic analyzer produced convincing results in the measurement of patient, control, and EQA samples. The throughput was sufficient for routine use. Overall, it can be used as an alternative to open liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instruments for immunosuppressant monitoring, simplifying processes without the need for specially trained personnel.
Social determinants of health screening in pediatric healthcare settings
Authors: Nerlinger Abby L. , Kopsombut Gift 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of reviewThis article outlines updates in social determinants of health (SDOH) screening practices in pediatric healthcare and community settings. The transition to value-based care and the COVID-19 pandemic have both had significant impacts on screening practices, with implications for providers, communities, and policymakers.Recent findingsThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated social needs for vulnerable patients and families, resulting in increased recognition by healthcare teams through screening. Policy frameworks like value-based care that aim to deliver whole-child care in the community are reorienting the logistics of screening, including screening in acute-care settings and community settings. Recent studies on family and provider perspectives should be integrated into screening practices.SummaryDespite significant advances in and expansion of SDOH screening in the pediatric healthcare setting, there remain limitations and future research needs. More data is needed to evaluate social need screeners and interventions, and determine how healthcare systems, communities, and states can spread and scale such interventions based on outcomes and value measurements. Population-based social indices have the potential to augment individual patient screening, but this remains a future research need.
Food Addiction
Authors: Florio Ligia , Lassi Dângela L.S. , de Azevedo-Marques Perico Cintia , Vignoli Natalia G. , Torales Julio , Ventriglio Antonio , Castaldelli-Maia João M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Food addiction is associated with dysfunctions in the reward circuit, such as hyperresponsiveness during the exposure to high-calorie flavors in overweight and obese individuals. Similar to drug addiction, there is also impaired self-regulatory control supported by deregulation of the frontostriatal circuit. The inclusion of validated measures of food addiction in clinical research, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale, has increased the understanding of the clinical utility of this concept. Furthermore, food addiction, eating disorders, and obesity are interrelated. Thus, it is important to recognize food addiction among individuals affected by obesity and candidates for bariatric surgery (ie, preoperative and postoperative assessment). In this context, it has been reported that food addiction may impede weight loss and increase the likelihood of regaining weight when associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and impulsiveness, which are also related to mood disorders, anxiety, and addictive behaviors.
Upper Eyelid Skin Laxity in Elderly Patients
Authors: Guo Fangfang , Song Jialin , Wang Lu , Yu Xinyang 
Published: October 2022

Background
Laxity of the upper eyelid skin in the elderly usually leads to an aged appearance and visual field defect, which affects their quality of life. However, there are very few reports on the evaluation and treatment strategy for upper eyelid skin redundancy in elderly Asians. Hence, this article describes an upper eyelid skin laxity correction surgery using an innovative parallel palpebral margin incision to improve ptosis and enlarge the visual field.

Methods
From August 2012 to March 2021, 87 patients with severe eyelid laxity and ptosis presented to the Plastic Surgery Department of the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University. Upper eyelid skin laxity correction surgery with eyelid marginal incision was performed to correct the excessive tissue between the eyebrow and the upper eyelid and improve patients' vision field. Thereafter, a postoperative follow-up was conducted to observe the results in terms of skin laxity, eyelid shape changes, visual field improvement, postoperative scars, and patients' satisfaction.

Results
During the follow-up, information was collected between 3 months and 1 year after surgery. No visible scars were seen in patients after the operation, and the sagging skin of the upper eyelid was corrected. In addition, the effect of correcting visual field defect is stable, with no recurrence within 1 year. The operation was effective, and patients were satisfied.

Conclusion
This surgical strategy significantly improved severe upper eyelid skin laxity with inconspicuous postoperative scars. After the operation, patients felt satisfied, and their quality of life was notably improved.
Adhesion to VCAM1 and P-selectin Predict Time-to-Resolution (TTR) of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
Authors: Tarasev Michael , Gao Xiufeng , Ferranti Marta , White Jennell , Hines Patrick C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by frequent and unpredictable vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Reliable biomarkers that predict the onset and progression of VOCs in SCD are unavailable, thus the existing standard of care is more focused on VOC intervention as opposed to VOC prevention. Sickle blood cells contribute to VOCs by adhering to the endothelium and aggregating to other blood cells in the circulation through pathologic adhesive interactions. In our previously described ELIPSIS study, blood samples were collected from 35 study subjects with SCD every 3 weeks during self-reported baseline and during self-reported VOCs (at home or in a healthcare setting). An electronic, patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) tool captured daily pain, VOC, and VOC resolution. Flow adhesion of whole blood to VCAM-1 (FA-WB-VCAM) and P-selectin (FA-WB-Psel) were assessed during each visit. Time-To-Resolution was established as the duration between the onset and subject self-reported resolution of VOC resolution and varied between 2 and 48 days. For the subset of TTR limited to ≤ 7 day, TTR was negatively correlated with FA-WB-PSel measured at the onset of VOC (R2=0.45; r=-0.67;p<0.05). Coefficient of determination increased to 0.62 when baseline FA-WB-VCAM levels were used as a second predictor in the multi-parametric model. In such a model, baseline FA-WB-VCAM was positively correlated with TTR at ≤ 7 day, with the difference in the sign of P-selectin and VCAM-1 effect on the reduction of pain (TTR duration) likely reflecting different mechanisms driving VOCs. Supplementation of FA-WB-VCAM and FA-WB-Psel multiparametric model with select blood chemistry biomarkers including several inflammatory mediators, further enhanced models ability to predict TTR. This study indicates that functional biomarkers obtained both at baseline and at the time of VOC can give insight into the time it may take for that specific VOC to resolve. These could assist providers in predicting which VOCs may require more intensive intervention. These data may also identify specific VOC phenotypes, allowing providers to intervene with a more patient-specific approach. Future studies are required to determine if FA-WB-VCAM and FA-WB-Psel can be used clinically to enable a more precision medicine-based approach to manage VOCs and if such an approach could result in improved outcomes and reduced healthcare costs by predicting VOCs for early intervention.