bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La neutralité après l’adhésion à l’Union européenne. La réinterprétation du concept
Authors: Clerget Jérôme 
Published: October 2022

La période de la bipolarité a constitué un âge d’or de la neutralité en Europe, même si celle-ci a toujours été l’objet d’une flexibilité plus ou moins marquée selon les pays considérés. La chute du mur de Berlin, le 9 novembre 1989, provoque une rupture stratégique en Europe qui met fin au risque d’un affrontement global entre deux blocs, au profit de l’apparition de nouveaux risques plus diffus. Après la perte de son conflit de référence, la neutralité connaît un processus de remise en cause en Europe, à l’issue duquel plusieurs des États de tradition neutraliste font le choix de rejoindre une Union européenne qui se dote de compétences pour les questions de sécurité. Ces États, loin de bloquer la constitution d’une Politique Européenne de Sécurité, participent aux missions de Petersberg et renoncent aux fonctions traditionnelles de la neutralité, au profit d’un concept plus modeste de non-alliance. Celui-ci se fonde uniquement sur le refus d’adhésion à une alliance militaire et de défense commune. Il permet de sauver l’apparence du maintien du concept, qui demeure un élément de culture nationale auquel les opinions publiques sont attachées. S’il concerne l’ensemble des États de tradition neutraliste devenus membres de l’Union européenne, ce concept est appliqué de manière différenciée par chacun. La Suède et la Finlande s’illustrent ainsi plus volontiers dans la construction de la PESC que l’Irlande ; l’Autriche et Malte se situent entre ces deux pôles. Le nouveau paradigme produit des effets sur la construction de l’Europe de la défense et il cherche à l’orienter vers un soft power, centré sur une gestion plus civile que militaire des crises. La neutralité demeure un concept évolutif, comme le prouve l’inclusion d’une clause de défense mutuelle dans le Traité de Lisbonne, ce qui était inimaginable au regard de la tradition de neutralité.
Audit de l’activité de stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux réutilisables dans le centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle au Burkina Faso
Authors: Sombié Charles , Delma Kouka Luc , Ouédraogo Moussa , Semdé Rasmané 
Published: October 2022

Introduction : La stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux (DM) dans les hôpitaux est primordiale dans la lutte contre les infections associées aux soins. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer l’activité de stérilisation dans le Centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHUP-CDG).
Matériels et méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale et prospective réalisée dans cinq unités de soins du CHUP-CDG. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide d’entretiens et d’observations directes des pratiques. Elles ont été analysées conformément au référentiel des bonnes pratiques de la pharmacie hospitalière française.
Résultats : De nombreuses insuffisances ont été relevées. Au niveau organisationnel, elles concernaient principalement l’absence de suivi pharmaceutique de l’activité de stérilisation des DM, sa dispersion dans les unités de soins, l’insuffisance de formation et de moyens de protection du personnel, l’inadéquation architecturale et organisationnelle des locaux, l’absence ou l’inadéquation de certains matériels et produits spécifiques, l’absence d’un système d’assurance qualité. Au niveau de la pratique de l’activité, les insuffisances étaient principalement les non-respects des mesures d’hygiène et de protection individuelles, des concentrations des produits et des temps de trempage inadaptés. En outre, l’utilisation de la stérilisation à la chaleur sèche, l’absence de contrôle et de traçabilité du processus ont été observées.
Conclusion : L’activité de stérilisation des DM au CHUP-CDG présente de nombreuses insuffisances qui nécessitent impérativement la mise en œuvre de mesures correctives.
Digital Servitization and Firm Performance: Technology Intensity Approach
Authors: Rakic Slavko , Pero Margherita , Sianesi Andrea , Marjanovic Ugljesa 
Published: October 2022

Digital servitization provides radical changes in the offer of products from manufacturing firms. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of digital servitization on manufacturing firm performance and demonstrate the role of technology intensity, product-related services, and digital solutions in different industry sectors. This research collected data from 240 manufacturing firms from the Republic of Serbia under the European manufacturing survey from 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test the impact of product-related services and digital solutions on manufacturing firm performance according to technology intensity. The findings show that the impact of digital servitization is more significant with the higher technology intensity level of the industry sector. Furthermore, the results show that Data-based services based on Big Data Analysis have the highest impact on manufacturing firm performance in all categories of technology intensity. Moreover, results from the fixed panel regression show production managers which combination of product-related services along with digital solutions make the highest financial performance according to the technology intensity of the firm.
Optic Neuritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Real-World Ophthalmic Presentation
Authors: Roy Madhurima , Shrotriya Charuta 
Published: October 2022

After being plagued by COVID-19 for nearly 2 years, the whole world wishes for little more than the complete eradication of the disease. Our country, India commenced the much-awaited vaccination drive in Jan 2021. Ophthalmic manifestations have appeared in many forms post-COVID, amongst which neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are infrequent. This is a short series of three cases that presented with optic neuritis (ON). On further inquiry, all had received the Covishield vaccine within 5–12 days before the presentation, with no history of COVID-positive RT-PCR. All patients improved after pulse steroid therapy and are still under follow-up. Nevertheless, it’s hard to determine whether post-COVD vaccine ON is a coincidence or cause. This series highlights the importance of taking the history of recent vaccination, especially in patients presenting with ON in the COVID 19 pandemic era.
Conflict Settings and COVID-19’s Effects on Psychological Health
Authors: Madoro Derebe 
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 epidemic’s ongoing effects on the conflicted, disturbed environment tend to exacerbate mental health issues. People from areas afflicted by conflict are put under double stress as a result. The majority of displacement due to conflict has occurred in Ethiopia. Mental disturbance among those affected by conflict has been recognized as a significant public health issue. Therefore, this study’s objective was to assess how the COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia’s conflict-affected population affected people’s mental health and its correlates. Mental distress was reported at about 49.4% with a 95% CI of 47 to 52.9%. Being female gender (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.61, 5.44), fired house materials when present (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.61, 5.44), Living in a host community (AOR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.97, 3.35), living alone (AOR = 3.57, 95%CI 2.06, 6.19), and sexual assault (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.37 to 6.94) were found to be substantially correlated. Conflict-affected people have a high risk of mental distress during COVID-19 era. Therefore, the ministry of health and humanitarian organizations should work collaboratively in providing consistent; psychosocial support and appropriate intervention for conflict-affected people.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Pediatrics
Authors: Leticia Coronel Martínez Diana , Augusto Moya Barquín Luis 
Published: October 2022

The scope of this chapter would be describing bacterial sexually transmitted diseases that are of interest in pediatric population such as gonorrhea and syphilis. Currently, this diseases has been reported an increased incidence mostly in adolescents in different regions around the world such as Australia and United States. These diseases sometimes considered anecdotal are always difficult to manage because they are considered taboos; diagnosis and treatment are challenging because of the interaction with the child and his/her parents. Other diseases such as chlamydia are also taking a great importance in populations from 10 to 24 years old due to the high transmission, high incidence, and complications such as infertility, almost 80% or chlamydia infections are asymptomatic in women being one of the leading causes of infertility that could be permanent. In this chapter, we will be discussing about the main factors of this diseases, how to manage from pediatric perspective, the most novel diagnostic tests and treatments (if available), and any vaccine development possibilities.
Rendering Supply Chains Research and Its (Dis)contents
Authors: Matthiessen Miriam , Steele Anne Lee 
Published: October 2022

Supply chains are fundamental to contemporary forms of capitalist production and circulation, but rarely make themselves known unless they stop working. This ‘anti-paper’ documents the beginnings of a project grappling with the possibilities and limitations surrounding digital renderings of supply chains and related research online in a way that goes beyond the spectacle of breakage. It is an ‘anti-paper’ in that it documents process and learnings over findings, results, or other finalised outputs. Section one introduces the project and the wider context it was born from and into, while section two reviews the existing landscape of digital projects surrounding supply chains and our attempt to develop some heuristics for thinking through their underlying epistemological, informational, and design assumptions, and how approaches to digital supply chain renderings differ along these lines, with possibilities and constraints entailed by each. Section three documents the dilemmas faced so far in our own project, and section four concludes by reflecting on maintenance as a research ethos and its relevance to learning about supply chains.
Determining the hip joint isokinetic muscle strength and range of motion of professional soccer players based on their field position
Authors: AlTaweel Ali , Nuhmani Shibili , Ahsan Mohammad , Abualait Turki , Muaidi Qassim 
Published: October 2022

Background
Soccer players’ physical and physiological demands vary based on their field position. Although the hip joint has an important role in soccer, little information is available about the strength and flexibility of the hip joint based on player positions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differences in muscle strength and flexibility of the hip joint of professional soccer players based on their field position.

Methods
Ninety-six professional soccer players from Saudi Arabia were divided into four groups (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers), with 24 participants in each group based on their field position. The Modified Thomas test was used to measure the hip extension range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength was assessed by an Isokinetic dynamometer.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in the isokinetic strength at the hip joint movements between goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers (p ≥ 0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference between groups in the hip extension ROM (p ≤ 0.05). according to different player positions. Post hoc tests reported significant differences between goalkeepers and defenders (p ≤ 0.05), midfielders (p ≤ 0.05), and attackers p ≤ 0.05). At the same time, there were no significant differences between defenders and midfielders (p ≥ 0.05), defenders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05), and midfielders and attackers (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion
Even though there was no significant difference in isokinetic strength, there was a significant difference in hip extension ROM among players based on field position. This study may help coaches and trainers to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of players and design training programs to rectify the weaker components and improve players’ performance in different playing positions.
Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea Clinical Trials From 2011 to 2021
Authors: Ly Sophia , Miller John , Tong Lauren , Blake Lindsay , Mostaghimi Arash , Barbieri John S. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAcne and rosacea have substantial implications for quality of life, and it is therefore important to ensure the patient’s voice is being captured in pivotal randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are a valuable tool to capture the patient perspective, little is known about use of PROMs in RCTs on acne and rosacea.ObjectiveTo characterize the use of PROMs in RCTs on acne and rosacea.Evidence ReviewA systematic literature search was conducted using the search termsacne vulgarisandrosaceain the following databases: MEDLINE through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A modified search hedge for RCTs from the McGill Library was applied. All phase 2, 3, and 4 RCTs published between December 31, 2011, through December 31, 2021, that evaluated the efficacy and safety of therapies for acne and rosacea vs any comparator were eligible for inclusion.FindingsA total of 2461 publications describing RCTs were identified, of which 206 RCTs met the inclusion criteria (163 trials [79%] on acne and 43 [21%] on rosacea). At least 1 PROM was used in 53% of trials (110) included; PROM use was more common in rosacea RCTs (67% [n = 29]) compared with acne RCTs (50% [n = 81]). At least 1 dermatology-specific (13% [n = 27]) or disease-specific (14% [n = 28]) PROM was included in the RCTs analyzed. Only 7% of trials (14) included a PROM as a primary outcome measure. There was no statistically significant increase in PROM inclusion over the study period (11 of 21 trials in 2011 vs 5 of 12 trials in 2021).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review, PROMs were included in approximately one-half of acne and rosacea RCTs performed over the study period. In addition, PROMs were rarely used as a primary outcome measure, and inclusion of PROMs has not increased substantially over the past 10 years. Increasing use of PROMs in RCTs can ensure that the patient’s perspective is captured during the development of new treatments for acne and rosacea.
Evaluation of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Diagnostic Criteria in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kittler Nicole W. , Williams Jazzmin C. , Kudlinski Margaret V. , Lester Jenna , Hills Nancy , Abuabara Katrina , Naik Haley B. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with considerable diagnostic delay. Although most patients report adolescent onset, existing HS diagnostic criteria may not adequately capture disease in pediatric populations.ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of physician-diagnosed pediatric patients with HS who met diagnostic criteria, and describe demographics, disease characteristics, and diagnostic patterns among pediatric patients with HS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective, cross-sectional study, electronic medical records from 2 sites of a single academic tertiary care center were included. Eligible patients were those born after January 1, 1993, and assigned International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9/10) codes for HS (ICD-9 705.83/ICD-10 L73.2) between January 1, 2012, and July 1, 2021. Patients were excluded if they were older than 18 years at diagnosis, had inaccessible diagnostic visit notes, or were unintentionally assigned an HS ICD code.ExposuresPediatric patients with HS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFulfillment of diagnostic criteria in pediatric patients with HS.ResultsA total of 297 adolescents with HS were included in the study; 123 patients were female (78.1%), 78 self-identified as Black (26.3%), and 116 self-identified as Hispanic (39.1%). The median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 14.0 (13.0-16.0) years. Documentation from the diagnostic visit demonstrated that 127 (42.8%) patients did not meet all 3 major HS diagnostic criteria. Of these patients, 122 (96.1%) did not meet the recurrence interval criterion (≥2 lesions within 6 months). Overall, 96 patients who did not meet the recurrence interval criterion had documentation from additional visits in the health system; 59 (61.5%) had documentation of 1 or more additional lesions consistent with HS. Review of these additional records demonstrated that 26 of these 59 (44.1%) patients met the recurrence interval criterion after diagnosis, and 44 (74.6%) had recurrent lesions within a 1-year interval (median, 6.5 months; interquartile range, 3.5-12.2 months). Medical chart review was conducted from November 22, 2021, to January 12, 2022. Analysis was conducted from January 12, 2022, to January 15, 2022.Conclusions and RelevanceOverall, 118 (40%) of 297 pediatric patients with HS in this retrospective cross-sectional study did not meet all major diagnostic criteria at the time of diagnosis, largely due to failure to fulfill the 6-month recurrence interval criterion. Future studies are needed to determine the appropriate recurrence interval to facilitate timely diagnosis and promote clinical trial eligibility for pediatric patients with HS.
Evaluation of an Automated Text Message–Based Program to Reduce Use of Acute Health Care Resources After Hospital Discharge
Authors: Bressman Eric , Long Judith A. , Honig Katherine , Zee Jarcy , McGlaughlin Nancy , Jointer Carlondra , Asch David A. , Burke Robert E. , Morgan Anna U. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePosthospital contact with a primary care team is an established pillar of safe transitions. The prevailing model of telephone outreach is usually limited in scope and operationally burdensome.ObjectiveTo determine whether a 30-day automated texting program to support primary care patients after hospital discharge is associated with reductions in the use of acute care resources.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used a difference-in-differences approach at 2 academic primary care practices in Philadelphia from January 27 through August 27, 2021. Established patients of the study practices who were 18 years or older, were discharged from an acute care hospitalization, and received the usual transitional care management telephone call were eligible for the study. At the intervention practice, 604 discharges were eligible and 430 (374 patients, of whom 46 had &amp;gt;1 discharge) were enrolled in the intervention. At the control practice, 953 patients met eligibility criteria. The study period, including before and after the intervention, ran from August 27, 2020, through August 27, 2021.ExposurePatients received automated check-in text messages from their primary care practice on a tapering schedule during the 30 days after discharge. Any needs identified by the automated messaging platform were escalated to practice staff for follow-up via an electronic medical record inbox.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome was any emergency department (ED) visit or readmission within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included any ED visit or any readmission within 30 days, analyzed separately, and 30- and 60-day mortality. Analyses were based on intention to treat.ResultsA total of 1885 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [17.3] years; 1101 women [58.4%]) representing 2617 discharges (447 before and 604 after the intervention at the intervention practice; 613 before and 953 after the intervention at the control practice) were included in the analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for any use of acute care resources after implementation of the intervention was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38-0.92). The aOR for an ED visit was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.45-1.30) and for a readmission was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.23-0.86). The aORs for death within 30 and 60 days of discharge at the intervention practice were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.23-3.61) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.21-1.85), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that an automated texting program to support primary care patients after hospital discharge was associated with significant reductions in use of acute care resources. This patient-centered approach may serve as a model for improving postdischarge care.
Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention on Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Dorans Kirsten S. , Bazzano Lydia A. , Qi Lu , He Hua , Chen Jing , Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Hsieh Ming-Hui , Hu Frank B. , Mills Katherine T. , Nguyen Bernadette T. , O’Brien Matthew J. , Samet Jonathan M. , Uwaifo Gabriel I. , He Jiang 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceLow-carbohydrate diets decrease hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among patients with type 2 diabetes at least as much as low-fat diets. However, evidence on the effects of low-carbohydrate diets on HbA1c among individuals with HbA1c in the range of prediabetes to diabetes not treated by diabetes medications is limited.ObjectiveTo study the effect of a behavioral intervention promoting a low-carbohydrate diet compared with usual diet on 6-month changes in HbA1c among individuals with elevated untreated HbA1c.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 6-month randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel groups was conducted from September 2018 to June 2021 at an academic medical center in New Orleans, Louisiana. Laboratory analysts were blinded to assignment. Participants were aged 40 to 70 years with untreated HbA1c of 6.0% to 6.9% (42-52 mmol/mol). Data analysis was performed from November 2021 to September 2022.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to a low-carbohydrate diet intervention (target &amp;lt;40 net grams of carbohydrates during the first 3 months; &amp;lt;60 net grams for months 3 to 6) or usual diet. The low-carbohydrate diet group received dietary counseling.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSix-month change in HbA1c was the primary outcome. Outcomes were measured at 0, 3, and 6 months.ResultsOf 2722 prescreened participants, 962 underwent screening, and 150 were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 58.9 [7.9] years; 108 women [72%]; 88 Black participants [59%]) and randomized to either the low-carbohydrate diet intervention (75 participants) or usual diet (75 participants) group. Six-month data were collected on 142 participants (95%). Mean (SD) HbA1c was 6.16% (0.30%) at baseline. Compared with the usual diet group, the low-carbohydrate diet intervention group had significantly greater 6-month reductions in HbA1c (net difference, –0.23%; 95% CI, –0.32% to –0.14%; P &amp;lt; .001), fasting plasma glucose (–10.3 mg/dL; 95% CI, –15.6 to –4.9 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; .001), and body weight (–5.9 kg; 95% CI, –7.4 to –4.4 kg; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, a low-carbohydrate dietary intervention led to improvements in glycemia in individuals with elevated HbA1c not taking glucose-lowering medication, but the study was unable to evaluate its effects independently of weight loss. This diet, if sustained, might be a useful dietary approach for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, but more research is needed.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03675360