bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group dynamics and habitat use of the Giant Otter, Pteronura brasiliensis (Zimmermann, 1780), in seasonally flooded forest in the Araguaia River, Central Brazil: A 10-years study
Authors: Leles Benaya , Georgiadis George , Susana Thais , Kaczmarek Nils , Brandão Reuber , Campello Silvana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe carried out monthly surveys of the giant otter population between 2010 and 2020 in a study area comprised of 1,500 hectares of igapó flooded forest with oxbow lakes in the Cantão region of central Brazil. We recorded 16-32 resident adults in the study area each year, distributed in 4-8 groups. Resident groups exhibited extensive home range overlap, with each group using several lakes and larger lakes used in rotation by up to six groups. Dens and campsites were also shared by multiple groups, but lakes were used by only one group at a time, and encounters between groups were very rare. 24 adult otters were observed to join an existing group. Some individuals changed groups multiple times. Resident adult turnover was high. Each year an average of 36% of resident adults were new immigrants, and 72% of groups left the area within two years. Resident groups had, on average, one litter every three years, and annual cub production showed high variability and a negative correlation to the number of new immigrants in the area. No pairs of giant otters reproduced successfully during the study. Groups of three otters formed through the recruitment of an adult individual by an existing pair and reproduced as successfully as larger groups. Group dynamics and territorial behavior in the Cantão flooded forest ecosystem, where optimal giant otter habitat is continuous in all directions, were found to be different from that reported in areas composed of patchy (isolated oxbow lakes) or linear (rivers) habitat. This suggest that giant otter social and territorial behavior is plastic and adapts to the spatial characteristics of the habitat.
The commercialist identity of mid-tier firm auditors: a precarious balancing of priorities
Authors: Harber Michael , Willows Gizelle D. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to extend our understanding of how mid-tier firm auditors legitimise and institutionalise the logic of commercialism within their profession. This paper is responsive to research that shows how Big Four auditors have restructured the market and re-cast the relationality between the two logics to forge an identity that suits them commercially. Such research provides insight into auditor agency and intentionality, illustrating how auditors maintain and indeed grow their status and role within society.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews with audit executives situated in a strategically challenging regulatory context are interpreted through a theoretical framework developed from institutional complexity theory, coupled with the understanding that institutional logics are a socially constructed phenomenon.FindingsMid-tier auditors appear to be as commercially orientated as their Big Four counterparts, expressing the logics of professionalism and commercialism as highly complementary. In response to competitive pressures and the difficulty of replicating the multi-disciplinary practice business model of the Big Four, mid-tier auditors present a competitive and contrasting identity as “more devoted experts”, using various legitimation techniques and “heroic” representations. This identity representation is strategic, allowing them to forge a consistent and coherent “collective identity defining story” designed to counter the “versatile expert” identity of the Big Four and establish social legitimacy with their potential client base.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to our understanding of how mid-tier auditors are “catching up” to the Big Four in the construction of their commercial business model. By shedding light on the rhetoric and “identity experimentation” of auditors, the findings can aid legislators and regulators to exercise democratic control over the profession and promulgate regulations that better align auditors’ interests with the public interest. As regulators encourage mid-tier firms to compete with the Big Four and lower supply concentration in the market, this study believes the tensions inherent in the logics, as well as the strategic necessity for firms to represent themselves in a favourable manner, will become more prominent.
N-containing heterocyclic benzotriazole derivatives as new corrosion inhibitor for mild steel contained in emulsion
Authors: Xiong Sang , Wu Hao , Liu Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
N-containing heterocyclic benzotriazole derivatives as new corrosion inhibitor for mild steel contained in emulsion were synthesized, and their inhibition behaviors for mild steel (MS) contained in emulsion were investigated by experiments and theoretical calculations, and this study aims to prove that two new inhibitors have excellent inhibition efficiency for steel corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach
2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-N,N-dioctylacetamide (BTN) and O-(3-(1H-benzo[d] [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propyl) S-(2-(dioctylamino)-2-oxoethyl) carbonodithioate (BTSC) as a new corrosion inhibitor were synthesized, and their inhibition behaviors for MS contained in emulsion were investigated by gravimetric experiment, electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations.

Findings
Results of gravimetric experiment, electrochemical tests show that BTSC exhibit excellent inhibition performance, and it has a higher inhibition efficiency of 96.6% than that BTN. The resultant adsorption films from BTN/BTSC adsorbed on MS, effectively inhibiting the corrosion of MS is mainly through chemisorption and follow to Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm.

Originality/value
Experimental and theoretical calculations display that two new synthesized inhibitors are excellent corrosion inhibitor for MS contained in emulsion. Electrons of inhibitors mainly focus on the C, N, S and O atoms, which demonstrate these atoms are the centers of negative charge, and they supply electrons to Fe atoms through coordination bonds.
Silver bank: vulnerability and risks during cyberattacks
Authors: Horna César Jhonnatan , Toro Leonardo , Regalado-Pezua Otto 
Published: January 2022

Learning outcomes
The learning outcome of this paper is to identify and interpret the risks linked to cyber-security and their impact on the organization. Analyze business management regarding cyber-security and information technology (IT) risk management. Evaluate and propose decision-making strategies for IT projects.

Case overview/synopsis
Silver Bank is a financial entity with broad national coverage. Its growth was directly related to its investments in customer service. The entire organization is focused on satisfying its clients’ needs, improving their experience and making them loyal to the company. However, it did not pay enough attention to a threat that, with time, had become more pronounced: cyber-attacks. Its efforts to fight against this threat were only temporary solutions, as gaps in its IT system made it an easy target for criminals until the arrival of Iván Ramírez, who proposes a holistic solution to decrease the probability and severity of these attacks. However, past experiences, ignorance and budget constraints make it a difficult task to convince the bank’s board of directors to implement the proposed solution.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used as teaching material in upper-level undergraduate and graduate management courses: –undergraduate courses: information technology management, IT project analysis and management – MBA or graduate courses: information technology management, strategic management and security governance.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Testing factor models in an emerging market: evidence from India
Authors: Singh Kewal , Singh Anoop , Prakash Puneet 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the explanatory power of the Fama-French five-factor model and compares it to the other asset pricing models. In addition, the paper examines the contributions of two additional factors: profitability and investment factor. The authors test the alternative four-factor models.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use stock returns data of BSE-500 listed firms for the Indian market, an emerging market, from 1999 to 2020, thus covering the post-Asian crisis and pre- and post-financial crisis (2007–2008) periods. The authors employ 75 and 96 portfolios based on different factors. To check the performance of asset pricing models, the authors also used the GRS F-statistics and factor spanning tests.FindingsThe authors find that the five-factor model and alternative four-factor model outperform the three-factor model. Contrary to the findings for the US, but similar to the Chinese stock market, the value factor is significant for the Indian stock market. Simultaneously, the authors also find that the investment factor has no explanatory power in the presence of the profitability factor in their sample.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study using data more than two decades. These results are based on 75 (25 × 3) portfolios based on size, value, profitability and investment. The authors also tested these results based on 96 (32 × 3) portfolios to check robustness, and these results still hold. Furthermore, the authors find that factors based on 2 × 3 sorting have higher explanatory power than those based on 2 × 2 and 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 sorting.
Can reviews predict reviewers’ numerical ratings? The underlying mechanisms of customers’ decisions to rate products using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
Authors: Poushneh Atieh , Rajabi Reza 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Two valuable pieces of information – reviews and their corresponding numerical ratings – are accessible to potential customers before they make a purchasing decision. An extensive body of marketing literature has scrutinized the influence of customers’ reviews by linking such aspects as the volume and valance of reviews with product sales and customers’ purchase intention. The aim of this study, for which dual coding theory was used, was to understand the relationship between reviews and their corresponding numerical ratings.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the latent Dirichlet allocation technique to categorize customers’ reviews. The present findings contribute to the literature by showing the underlying mechanisms that customers use to interpret reviews and associate them with numerical ratings.

Findings
The gradient boosted decision tree model demonstrates that non-abstract-dominant reviews (reviews mainly consist of tangible objects, actions, events or affective words) are significant predictors of their corresponding numerical ratings. However, abstract-dominant reviews (i.e. those consisting primarily of intangible objects, events or actions) cannot predict their associated numerical ratings.

Originality/value
The present findings contribute to the literature by showing the underlying mechanisms that customers use to interpret reviews and associate them with numerical ratings.
How does diplomat partners’ employment situation affect their adjustment abroad? Evidence from the German Foreign Service
Authors: Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge Matthias , Waibel Stine , Fliege Herbert , Bellinger Maria M. , Rüger Heiko 
Published: January 2022

PurposePrevious research indicates that accompanying partners often struggle to find employment upon international relocations. This study aims to highlight diplomat’s partners’ employment situation and to examine how unrealized professional aspirations affect their socio-cultural and psychological adjustment in the foreign environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies OLS regression analysis to a sample of 220 partners of German Foreign Service diplomats who were surveyed regarding their locational adjustment, general stress and perceived quality of life using an online questionnaire. This study differentiates between working partners (19.5% of the total sample), non-working partners with a desire to obtain paid employment (65.5%) and partners who are unemployed by choice (15.0%).FindingsThe results demonstrate that partners’ employment situation and employment aspirations are important variables explaining differences in socio-cultural and psychological adjustment. Working partners reveal the highest levels of general stress, non-working partners with an employment desire report the lowest levels of locational adjustment and non-working partners without employment aspirations experience the highest quality of life.Research limitations/implicationsAs this study has a cross-sectional design, the authors are not able to deal with potential issues of reverse causality.Practical implicationsSending organizations should consider accompanying partners' unrealized employment aspirations by providing services with regard to job search and career development. Moreover, they should ensure the provision of services that support the work–life balance of working couples.Originality/valuePrevious research only sparsely examined the adjustment and well-being of partners accompanying foreign service employees, who are in contrast to business expatriates required to relocate every three to five years. Moreover, this study features the crucial role of partners' employment situation and discusses possibilities to promote spousal employment, as well as complementary measures to improve work–life balance for dual-earner couples.
A case study on a flexible floor plan design for South Korean apartments using two types of margins
Authors: Yoon Chaeshin , Kim Marie , Park Jinho , Lee Jeayoung 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purposes of this study are to prove that the content of floor flexibility can be designed objectively with the use of margins, which are an architectural vocabulary visualizing the possibility of formal change, and to conduct a case study on how the existing typical floor plans of South Korean apartments change with the extension of flexibility: the usability of margins and the results.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews two housing projects with different methods of flexible housing design: one is the flexibility to change the sizes of spaces and the other is the flexibility to change the topology of spaces. In this paper, the architectural term “area margin” is used for the former and “linear margin” for the latter. These were applied to the case of current apartments in South Korea to transform them into floor plans with the two types of flexibility and investigated whether the proposed floor plans satisfy the required efficacy structurally and functionally.Findings This case study shows that margins can be used as architectural vocabularies representing flexible sizes of rooms and flexible boundaries with neighbors. The final form of the structural framework became homogeneous, even though it conserved its indigenous spatial characteristics of abundant natural sunlight and airflow. In addition, the transformed structural framework has higher rigidity than the original one, even though the transversal wall was cut off with a margin, as shown by the schematic representations in this paper. Research limitations/implicationsThe alternative plan, designed as a modification process, is not representative as a flexible floor plan. Rather, it is thought more important to make a range of variations rather than prototyping a model. This study starts from the premise that it is desirable for apartment house plans to share and encourage variations rather than aiming at typical sizes and shapes. Furthermore, this study exemplified the process to modify the existing typical floor plan into a flexible one using margins. Through this modification, it is thought that the typology of the South Korean apartment, which has succeeded in gaining social consensus for half a century, can be preserved while accommodating social changes in the future.Social implicationsThe control of future variations of floor plans will extend the socioeconomic and physical life of a building, enabling a reasonable reinvestment of resources.Originality/valueThis paper deals with a design method applying distinct visual symbols to different contexts of flexibility and using those as architectural vocabularies.
A BIM-based LCA tool for sustainable building design during the early design stage
Authors: Kamari Aliakbar , Kotula Bartlomiej Marek , Schultz Carl Peter Leslie 
Published: January 2022

PurposeA robust method in environmental load assessment of buildings is urgently required to reduce the environmental burden of the construction industry. While the industry utilizes the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to assess environmental impacts of detailed designs, the implementation of changes at that late stage of development is often expensive and undesirable. On the other hand, during the early design stages, the LCA method is severely limited by the lack of information available, e.g., uncertainty about final materials to be used. This research study investigates how building information modeling (BIM) can facilitate LCA analysis at an early design stage.Design/methodology/approachA literature review is conducted to establish a framework for BIM and LCA integration, which creates the foundation for the development of a new BIM-based LCA tool. The tool is empirically evaluated on a large case study of a residential building in Denmark.FindingsCase study results show that the new tool facilitates decision-making in an integrated design process, providing reliable LCA results on an early stage model, while avoiding intermediate manual input by the end user in contrast to other commercial LCA tools.Originality/valueA first prototype of a BIM-based tool is demonstrated, which allows professionals, small architectural companies, students and researchers to calculate the environmental loads of the building in the early design stage in an automated, transparent and time-saving manner.
Disaggregating inequalities in the career outcomes of international medical graduates in the United States
Authors: Schut Rebecca Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough research finds that international medical graduates (IMGs) fill gaps in US health care left by US medical graduates (USMGs), the extent to which IMGs' career outcomes are stratified along the lines of their country of medical education remains understudied. Using data from the 2019 American Medical Association Physician Masterfile (n = 19,985), I find IMGs from developed countries chart less marginalised paths in their US careers relative to IMGs from developing countries; they are more likely to practise in more competitive and popular medical specialities; to attend prestigious residency programmes; and to practise in less disadvantaged counties that employ more USMGs relative to IMGs. These findings suggest IMGs experience divergent outcomes in the United States based on their place of medical education, with IMGs from developing countries experiencing more constraints in their careers relative to IMGs from developed countries. This understudied axis of stratification in medicine has important implications for our understanding of how nativism and racism may intersect to generate inequalities in the medical profession and in US health care more broadly.
Regional disparities, firm heterogeneity, and the activity of Japanese manufacturing multinationals in India
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Fujimori Azusa , Sato Takahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically explores the determinants of Japanese multinational enterprise (MNE) activity in India using firm‐level data, with particular focus on the country or regional characteristics predicted from a North–South firm‐heterogeneity model featuring foreign direct investment (FDI), the exchange rate, and endogenous wages. We identify the economic variables and country or regional characteristics that significantly affect the activity of Japanese MNEs. We show the importance of accumulating human capital and improving infrastructure to raise the sales level of Japanese MNEs in India.
Application of a Large‐Scale Terrain‐Analysis‐Based Flood Mapping System to Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Zheng Xing , D'Angelo Claudia , Maidment David R. , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlood modeling provides inundation estimates and improves disaster preparedness and response. Recent development in hydrologic modeling and inundation mapping enables the creation of such estimates in near real time. To quantify their performance, these estimates need to be compared to measurements collected during historical events. We present an application of a flood mapping system based on the National Water Model and the Height Above Nearest Drainage method to Hurricane Harvey. The outputs are validated with high‐water marks collected to record the highest water levels during the flood. We use these points to compute elevation‐related variables and flood extents and measure the quality of the estimates. To improve the performance of the method, we calibrate the roughness coefficient based on stream order. We also use lidar data with a workflow named GeoFlood and we compare the modeled inundation to that recorded by the high‐water marks and to the maximum inundation extent provided by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory based on remotely sensed data from multiple sources. The results show that our mapping system estimates local water depth with a mean error of about 0.5 m and that the inundation extent covers over 90% of that derived from high‐water marks. Using a calibrated roughness coefficient and lidar data reduces the mean error in flood depth but does not affect as much the inundation extent estimation.
Wilson Drilling Inc.*
Authors: Jin Yan , Niu Flora 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWilson Drilling Inc. is a leading Canadian provider of contract drilling rigs and well services to the oil and gas industry. This case exposes students to important financial reporting issues relevant to fixed assets, such as asset impairment and decommissioning and changing the accounting method for depreciation, as well as reporting of deferred income taxes in a real‐world situation. This case is suitable for use in undergraduate Intermediate Accounting or Advanced Financial Accounting classes.