bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Progression and Nigrostriatal Neurodegeneration in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Furukawa Koji , Shima Atsushi , Kambe Daisuke , Nishida Akira , Wada Ikko , Sakamaki Haruhi , Yoshimura Kenji , Terada Yuta , Sakato Yusuke , Mitsuhashi Masahiro , Sawamura Masanori , Nakanishi Etsuro , Taruno Yosuke , Yamakado Hodaka , Fushimi Yasutaka , Okada Tomohisa , Nakamoto Yuji , Takahashi Ryosuke , Sawamoto Nobukatsu 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe motor severity in Parkinson disease (PD) is believed to parallel dopaminergic terminal degeneration in the striatum, although the terminal was reported to be virtually absent by 4 years postdiagnosis. Meanwhile, neuromelanin‐laden dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra (SN) elucidated a variability at early stages and gradual loss with less variability 10 years postdiagnosis. Here, we aimed to clarify the correlation between motor impairments and striatal dopaminergic terminal degeneration and nigral neuromelanin‐laden dopamine neuron loss at early to advanced stages of PD.MethodsNinety‐three PD patients were divided into early and advanced subgroups based on motor symptom duration and whether motor fluctuation was present. Striatal dopaminergic terminal degeneration was evaluated using a presynaptic dopamine transporter tracer, 123I‐ioflupane single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nigral neuromelanin‐laden dopamine neuron density was assessed by neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI).ResultsIn patients with early stage PD (motor symptoms for ≤8 or 10 years), motor dysfunction during the drug‐off state was paralleled by a decline in 123I‐ioflupane uptake in the striatum despite the absence of a correlation with reductions in NM‐MRI signals in SN. Meanwhile, in patients with advanced stage PD (motor symptoms for >8 or 10 years and with fluctuation), the degree of motor deficits during the drug‐off state was not correlated with 123I‐ioflupane uptake in the striatum, despite its significant negative correlation with NM‐MRI signals in SN.InterpretationWe propose striatal dopaminergic terminal loss measured using 123I‐ioflupane SPECT and nigral dopamine neuron loss assessed with NM‐MRI as early stage and advanced stage motor impairment biomarkers, respectively. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:110–121
Electronically Engineering Water Resistance in Methane Combustion with an Atomically Dispersed Tungsten on PdO Catalyst
Authors: Hou Zhiquan , Dai Lingyun , Deng Jiguang , Zhao Guofeng , Jing Lin , Wang Yueshuai , Yu Xiaohui , Gao Ruyi , Tian Xinrong , Dai Hongxing , Wang Dingsheng , Liu Yuxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImproving the low‐temperature water‐resistance of methane combustion catalysts is of importance for industrial applications and it is challenging. A stepwise strategy is presented for the preparation of atomically dispersed tungsten species at the catalytically active site (Pd nanoparticles). After an activation process, a Pd−O−W1‐like nanocompound is formed on the PdO surface with an atomic scale interface. The resulting supported catalyst has much better water resistance than the conventional catalysts for methane combustion. The integrated characterization results confirm that catalytic combustion of methane involves water, proceeding via a hydroperoxyl‐promoted reaction mechanism on the catalyst surface. The results of density functional theory calculations indicate an upshift of the d‐band center of palladium caused by electron transfer from atomically dispersed tungsten, which greatly facilitates the adsorption and activation of oxygen on the catalyst.
Rheological, flame retardancy, and thermomechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate composites: Effects of flame retardant and toughener
Authors: Yang Bin , Xu Xiang , Shi Zhiqiang , Wang Siyu , Chen Xinya , Wang Tiange , Ke Yuchao , Zheng Zhengzhi , Su Lifen , Qian Jiasheng , Xia Ru , Jiang Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites modified with diethylaluminum phosphonate (ADP) and epoxy resin (EP) as flame retardant and toughener, respectively, were prepared via solution method for improvement on both flame retardancy and toughening purposes. The effects of ADP and EP loadings on the viscoelastic, flame retardant and thermomechanical behaviors of the resultant composites were intensively investigated using rheometer, CONE calorimetry, oxygen index (LOI) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), respectively. Heat flux complexity was obviously displayed when ADP and EP loadings increased. DMTA result showed that the increase of the modulus of the composites was primarily due to an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) formed by the addition of EP, and the tensile properties were found to be greatly improved. In addition, our study also showed that at an ADP loading of 28% the maximum heat release rate (pHRR) of composites decreased by 63% as compared to neat PMMA with increase by 88% in LOI and V‐0 grade in UL‐94 test achieved. The composites prepared in this study bore excellent fire performance together with desired toughness, and the current work thus has practical significance for further expanding the application range of PMMA composites.
The existential threat of nuclear war: A psychoanalytic comment1
Authors: Ramzy Nadia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUtilizing primarily the information and data compiled by both the editorial board of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists as well as that of former nuclear war planner, Daniel Ellsberg, this paper discusses a number of heretofore classified or little publicly known dimensions of the nuclear war planning of the United States and other nuclear armed nation states, including policies of first use and command and control, the occurrence of false alarms and accidents, and the dynamics of nuclear detonation that would result in nuclear winter and worldwide famine. As such, the focus on these topics is an attempt to ameliorate both our shared ignorance regarding the once again growing threat of nuclear war, and its consequence—nuclear winter, as well as, the tendency of large groups to engage in collective denial in relation to thinking about the unthinkable, utilizing a definition from psychoanalysis of the defense mechanism of denial.
Chirality Induction in a Hydrophilic Metallohelicate
Authors: Morie Masayuki , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe title compound is a water‐soluble triply stranded metallohelicate 1Fe composed of TEG‐chain‐installed calix[4]arene‐based bis‐bidentate ligands and Fe3+ cations. This compound can incorporate up to two molecules of small chiral cations (G1 and G2). Interestingly, G1 shows positive cooperativity for host‐guest complexation, whereas G2 exhibits noncooperativity, despite having a greater affinity for 1Fe than G1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the metallohelicate cavity expands upon encapsulation of the first guest. This conformational change facilitates the entrapment of the second guest and explains why the interaction parameters of G1 and G2 are larger than 1, despite electrostatic repulsion between the guests. The DFT calculation predicts an intermolecular interaction between the phenyl groups of G1 in the cavity, whereas no such interaction is found for G2. This difference can explain the distinct molecular recognition of G1 and G2. CD spectroscopy shows that both (R)‐G1 and (R)‐G2 induce (M)‐helicity in 1Fe and vice versa. DFT calculations suggest that the chirality of the guests is transmitted to 1Fe via CH/O hydrogen bonds between the guest and the C=O bond on the calix[4]arene strand. The CD intensity of 1Fe is nonlinear in the ee% of (R)‐ and (S)‐G1, indicating that the presence of the first guest increases the affinity of 1Fe toward a second guest with the same chirality due to preorganization by the first guest.
Semiparametric empirical likelihood inference for abundance from one‐inflated capture–recapture data
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Pengfei , Liu Yukun , Zhang Riquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbundance estimation from capture–recapture data is of great importance in many disciplines. Analysis of capture–recapture data is often complicated by the existence of one‐inflation and heterogeneity problems. Simultaneously taking these issues into account, existing abundance estimation methods are usually constructed on the basis of conditional likelihood under one‐inflated zero‐truncated count models. However, the resulting Horvitz–Thompson‐type estimators may be unstable, and the resulting Wald‐type confidence intervals may exhibit severe undercoverage. In this paper, we propose a semiparametric empirical likelihood (EL) approach to abundance estimation under one‐inflated binomial and Poisson regression models. To facilitate the computation of the EL method, we develop an expectation‐maximization algorithm. We also propose a new score test for the existence of one‐inflation and prove its asymptotic normality. Our simulation studies indicate that compared with existing estimators, the proposed score test is more powerful and the maximum EL estimator has a smaller mean square error. The advantages of our approaches are further demonstrated by analyses of prinia data from Hong Kong and drug user data from Bangkok.
Integrated analysis of single‐cell RNA‐seq dataset and bulk RNA‐seq dataset constructs a prognostic model for predicting survival in human glioblastoma
Authors: Lai Wenwen , Li Defu , Kuang Jie , Deng Libin , Lu Quqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. For patients with GBM, the median overall survival (OS) is 14.6 months and the 5‐year survival rate is 7.2%. It is imperative to develop a reliable model to predict the survival probability in new GBM patients. To date, most prognostic models for predicting survival in GBM were constructed based on bulk RNA‐seq dataset, which failed to accurately reflect the difference between tumor cores and peripheral regions, and thus show low predictive capability. An effective prognostic model is desperately needed in clinical practice.MethodsWe studied single‐cell RNA‐seq dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas‐glioblastoma multiforme (TCGA‐GBM) dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that impact the OS of GBM patients. We then applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox penalized regression analysis to determine the optimal genes to be included in our risk score prognostic model. Then, we used another dataset to test the accuracy of our risk score prognostic model.ResultsWe identified 2128 DEGs from the single‐cell RNA‐seq dataset and 6461 DEGs from the bulk RNA‐seq dataset. In addition, 896 DEGs associated with the OS of GBM patients were obtained. Five of these genes (LITAF, MTHFD2, NRXN3, OSMR, and RUFY2) were selected to generate a risk score prognostic model. Using training and validation datasets, we found that patients in the low‐risk group showed better OS than those in the high‐risk group. We validated our risk score model with the training and validating datasets and demonstrated that it can effectively predict the OS of GBM patients.ConclusionWe constructed a novel prognostic model to predict survival in GBM patients by integrating a scRNA‐seq dataset and a bulk RNA‐seq dataset. Our findings may advance the development of new therapeutic targets and improve clinical outcomes for GBM patients.
Bridging structural and functional biomarkers in functional movement disorder using network mapping
Authors: Sojka Petr , Slovák Matěj , Věchetová Gabriela , Jech Robert , Perez David L. , Serranová Tereza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground There are gaps in our neurobiological understanding of functional movement disorder (FMD).ObjectivesWe investigated gray matter volumetric profiles in FMD, and related findings to resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) profiles using Human Connectome Project data.MethodsVolumetric differences between 53 FMD patients and 50 controls were examined, as well as relationships between individual differences in FMD symptom severity and volumetric profiles. Atrophy network mapping was also used to probe whether FMD‐related structural alterations preferentially impacted brain areas with dense rsFC.ResultsCompared to controls without neurological comorbidities (albeit with mild depression and anxiety as a group), the FMD cohort did not show any volumetric differences. Across patients with FMD, individual differences in symptom severity negatively correlated with right supramarginal and bilateral superior temporal gyri volumes. These findings remained significant adjusting for FMD subtype or antidepressant use, but did not remain statistically significant adjusting for depression and anxiety scores. Symptom severity‐related structural alterations mapped onto regions with dense rsFC—identifying several disease epicenters in default mode, ventral attention, and salience networks.ConclusionsThis study supports that FMD is a multinetwork disorder with an important role for the temporoparietal junction and its related connectivity in the pathophysiology of this condition. More research is needed to explore the intersection of functional neurological symptoms and mood.
Quality of life predicts rehabilitation prognosis in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Meng Detao , Jin Zhaohui , Chen Keke , Yu Xin , Wang Yixuan , Du Wenjun , Wei Jingran , Xi Jianing , Fang Boyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRehabilitation has been reported to improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, not all patients are satisfied with rehabilitation outcomes and could achieve a significant improvement in QoL.ObjectiveTo detect possible predictors of QoL improvement in patients with PD after rehabilitation.MethodsA total of 86 PD patients were included and followed up for 3 months with a 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire summary index (PDQ‐39 SI) as the primary endpoint. All patients received 2 weeks of multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT). Changes in patients' QoL were assessed using the PDQ‐39 at baseline and at the 3‐month follow‐up. The reliable change index (RCI) was adapted to determine the individual QoL outcome. The predictors of QoL outcome were detected using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter a 3‐month follow‐up, PDQ‐39 SI decreased significantly from 22.95 ± 9.75 to 18.73 ± 10.32 (P < 0.001). Scores for QoL improved (RCI>10.9) after rehabilitation for 18.6% of the patients, and 74.4% of patients reported an unchanged QoL (−10.9≤RCI≤10.9), while 7.0% of patients reported a worsening of QoL (RCI<−10.9). Among the baseline parameters, the PDQ‐39 SI was a baseline predictor for changes in QoL in the logistic regression model (OR: 1.15, CI: 1.07–1.24, P < 0.001).ConclusionsMIRT could improve QoL for some patients with PD, and PDQ‐39 score at baseline is the most important predictor for QoL improvements after rehabilitation for this patients.
Health literacy and fear among Iranian medical students due to COVID‐19: An observational study
Authors: Pourfridoni Mohammad , Khan Moien AB , Daneshi Salman , Vazirinasab Habibe , Nosrati Zahra , Daneshi‐Maskooni Milad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease of the 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created a sense of fear due to uncertainties in medical students’ personal and professional lives. Medical education is challenging and poses a more significant academic and emotional rigor when compared with other professional programs. With the COVID‐19 having limited treatment options, health literacy (HL) is crucial for managing and responding to the pandemic. This research aims to examine the impact of HL on COVID‐19‐associated fear among Iranian medical students.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted measuring the HL and fear of COVID‐19 using validated scales. Two hundred and seventy‐eight survey responses were received and analyzed descriptively by using SPSS software inferential statistics.ResultsMean age of participants was 22.93 ± 5.427 years. The correlation between students’ total health literacy (HELIA) scores and their fear of COVID‐19 (FCV‐19S) scores was −0.279 (p value = .019). The FCV‐19S has a negative correlation with total HELIA in the group of females and males, single and married people, bachelor and MD students, and students living in rural areas and urban areas. The negative correlation of FCV‐19S with total HELIA in males and students who reside in rural areas was the only one that was not significant. In associate degree students, the correlation between FCV‐19S and total HELIA was positive but not significant. Education grades had a significant impact on FCV‐19S. Furthermore, the place of residence also had a significant impact on FCV‐19S. However, the gender and marital status did not significantly impact FCV‐19S.ConclusionsThe present study showed that students with higher HL scores had lesser fear of COVID‐19. The key stakeholders require several positive strategies to reduce fear and improve health, and such vital policies will assist in improving the students’ health and achieving the sustainable developmental goals.
The effects of daily step goals of 10,000, 12,500, and 15,000 steps per day on neural activity to food cues: A 24‐week dose‐response randomized trial
Authors: Compton Sharla E. , Larson Michael J. , LeCheminant James D. , Tucker Larry A. , Bailey Bruce W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of sustained physical activity on neural reflections of attention allocated toward food cues in first year college women.MethodsSeventy‐nine first‐year college women (18.6 ± 0.5 years) were recruited to participate in the study. Women were randomly assigned to a daily step goal of 10,000, 12,500, or 15,000 for 24 weeks. Once during weeks 16–24, participants were shown pictures of plated meals or flowers with the neural response measured using the P300 and late positive potential (LPP) components of the scalp‐recorded event‐related potential. Diet was assessed using the automated 24‐h recall.ResultsBoth the P300 and LPP amplitudes were significantly more positive to food versus flower pictures (ps < .001). There was no interaction between step group and picture condition for the P300 and LPP. However, the 12,500‐step group showed a significantly elevated LPP amplitude in comparison to the other groups for both food and flowers (F(2,74) = 8.84; p < .001). The effect size for the combined results (food and flowers) was 0.56 between 10,000 and 12,500‐step groups, and 0.75 between the 12,500‐ and 15,000‐step groups. In addition, the 12,500 group reduced caloric consumption over the course of the intervention (t(1,74) = 3.35, p = .001, dz = 0.59).ConclusionHabitual physical activity of 10,000, 12,500, or 15,000 steps per day does not preferentially alter neural reflections toward food cues compared to flowers. There may be a nonlinear response to pleasant visual cues, with 12,500 steps per day eliciting higher LPPs than either 10,000 or 15,000.
Antibody glycation during a Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch process is following a constrained second order reaction
Authors: Pappenreiter Magdalena , Lhota Gabriele , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola , Sissolak Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlycation on lysine side chains of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is a well‐known phenomenon in manufacturing processes of biopharmaceuticals that potentially alter the efficacy of the therapeutic protein. In the present study, we report kinetic studies of glycation formation of the model protein Adalimumab, relative to glucose and non‐glycated protein in six Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fed batch cultivations. We developed an in vivo model from glycation kinetic studies that is capable of estimating the reaction rate constant in static and dynamic bioprocesses, respectively. As anticipated, pseudo first order reactions with respect to present glucose concentration or non‐glycated mAb were not sufficient to describe the glycation formation during the bioprocesses. However, second order reactions did not reveal linear relationship of glycated mAb to the product of glucose and non‐glycated mAb either, suggesting that a reconsideration of the kinetic equation was necessary. With the introduction of a constraint using only the newly formed product (mAbΔt), the second‐order reaction was successfully implemented. In addition, it is shown that the process knowledge derived from dynamic can be transferred to static experiments and vice versa. Hence, intensified design of experiments (iDoE) can be an applicable and useful tool in product quality studies in cell culture processes.
Genuine Pores in a Stable Zinc Phosphite for High H2 Adsorption and CO2 Capture
Authors: Chen Ju‐Ying , Chen Sheng‐Yu , Chen Wei‐Ting , Yin Mu‐Chien , Wang Chih‐Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn uncommon example of stable mixed‐ligand zinc phosphite with genuine pores has been synthesized by using zinc metal, inorganic phosphite acid, thio‐functionalized O‐donor (2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylate, TPDC), and tetradentate N‐donor [1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, TIMB] units assembled into one crystalline structure according to a hydro(solvo)thermal method. This is a very rare case of a metal phosphite incorporating both N‐ and O‐donor ligands. The tetradentate TIMB linker bound to zinc atoms of the isolated zincophosphite hexamers to form a 3D open‐framework structure by crosslinking structural components of 1D chains and 2D layers. Here, the TPDC ligand acts as a monodentate binding model to functionalize its porous structure with the uncoordinated S atom and COO− group. Interestingly, this compound demonstrates the highest H2 storage capacity among organic–inorganic hybrid metal phosphates (and phosphites), and a good CO2 capture at 298 K compared with the majority of crystalline materials. The possible adsorption sites and selectivity for CO2 over H2, N2, and CO at 298 K were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT), the ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST), and fitting experimental pure‐component adsorption data.
Chemical absorption of CO2 in alkaline solutions using an intensified reactor
Authors: Azizi Fouad , Kaady Lynn , Al‐Hindi Mahmoud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCapturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from point sources is critical for a sustainable chemical industry. Several techniques have already been developed and the race is ongoing to meet more stringent limitations at lower operating costs. This study presents the capability of a novel, flexible reactor to achieve high absorption rates at very low power consumption. CO2 absorption in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used as a benchmark. An air–CO2 stream made of 30% v/v CO2 was injected co‐currently with the aqueous alkaline solution in a tubular reactor equipped with woven mesh mixers. The removal efficiencies were measured along the length of the reactor, which operated at total mean flow velocities ranging between 1–2 m/s and gas phase holdups between 10%–30%. Four different mixer geometries were also tested, and the results were analyzed based on the operating conditions and reactor design configurations. While these studies can be further optimized and potentially applied in carbon capture operations, it was found that more than 96.5% of the CO2 could be removed using different combinations of mixer geometry and operating conditions. This high removal efficiency was reached within a residence time of 400 ms at a low cost of 23.65 .