bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice makes perfect? Association between students’ performance measures in an advanced dental simulation course
Authors: Baechle Mary A. , Gottlieb Riki , Carrico Caroline K. , Brody Erica R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examines the relationship between student performance measures during practice and exams using advanced dental simulation.MethodsData from 11 classes of first‐year dental students were extracted from Advanced Simulation software (DentSim™) related to Class I and Class II preparations including: total number of practice sessions, average practice score, exam scores, average time preparing teeth during practice/exam, and average time self‐evaluating preparations during practice/exam. Comparisons of average practice and exam scores were examined using paired t‐test. Relationships between practice/exam measures and exam scores were determined with multiple linear regression.ResultsPractice mean and exam scores were significantly associated; exam scores were significantly higher in both procedures. Class I: a significant positive relationship exists between both practice and exam measures: The average practice score was significantly associated with exam score (p < 0.001); time spent preparing the exam tooth was negatively associated with the exam score (p < 0.001); conversely, time spent self‐evaluating the exam tooth was significantly associated with an increase in exam score (p = 0.0135). Class II: exam score was significantly associated with two practice measures but neither of the exam measures: exam score for Class II mesioocclusal preparation was significantly associated with average practice score (p < 0.001) and the number of practice attempts (p = 0.025).ConclusionThis study emphasizes the predictive value of novice learners’ deliberate, repetitive practice using advanced dental simulation, which enhances self‐assessment in early stages of psychomotor skill development. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the translation of these skills into a patient care setting.
Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data
Authors: Cimolai Nevio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGiven the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as witnessed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS‐CoV‐2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies, given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of the virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of the virus on human mucosal surfaces by some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications.
Blood–brain barrier permeability in response to caffeine challenge
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Jiang Dengrong , Liu Peiying , Ge Yulin , Moghekar Abhay , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: June 2022

PurposeCaffeine is known to alter brain perfusion by acting as an adenosine antagonist, but its effect on blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to dynamically monitor BBB permeability to water after a single dose of caffeine tablet using a non‐contrast MRI technique.MethodsTen young healthy volunteers who were not regular coffee drinkers were studied. The experiment began with a pre‐caffeine measurement, followed by four measurements at the post‐caffeine stage. Water‐extraction‐with‐phase‐contrast‐arterial‐spin‐tagging (WEPCAST) MRI was used to assess the time dependence of BBB permeability to water following the ingestion of 200 mg caffeine. Other cerebral physiological parameters including cerebral blood flow (CBF), venous oxygenation (Yv), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were also examined. The relationships between cerebral physiological parameters and time were studied with mixed‐effect models.ResultsIt was found that, after caffeine ingestion, CBF and Yv showed a time‐dependent decrease (p < 0.001), while CMRO2 did not change significantly. The fraction of arterial water crossing the BBB (E) showed a significant increase (p < 0.001). In contrast, the permeability‐surface‐area product (PS), i.e., BBB permeability to water, remained constant (p = 0.94). Additionally, it was observed that changes in physiological parameters were non‐linear with regard to time and occurred at as early as 9 min after caffeine tablet ingestion.ConclusionThese results suggest an unchanged BBB permeability despite alterations in perfusion during a vasoconstrictive caffeine challenge.
Decentralization: A handicap in fighting the COVID‐19 pandemic? The response of the regional governments in Spain
Authors: Erkoreka Mikel , Hernando‐Pérez Josu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has provided an ultimate testing ground for evaluating the resilience and effectiveness of federal and decentralized systems. The article analyses how the Spanish asymmetrical system of decentralization has responded to the pandemic, focusing on the management developed by the sub‐central governments (Autonomous Communities) during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020. The research, which is both quantitative and qualitative, employs multidisciplinary tools and information sources, analyzing and linking fiscal and budgetary sources with the available statistics and information on health. Although the health, economic and social crisis caused by COVID‐19 has highlighted appreciable shortcomings related to the decentralized model of territorial organization – in questions of both regional financing and health management – the research concludes that decentralization has not per se been a handicap when confronting the pandemic in Spain.
Comparative mechanical, morphological, rheological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber blends
Authors: Praveen Kosappllyillom Muraleedharan , Taleb Khadidja , Pillin Isabelle , Kervoelen Antoine , Grohens Yves , Thomas Sabu , Haponiuk Józef T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBecause of its weak durability at low temperatures and low strain rates, polypropylene's use as an engineering plastic is restricted. To make polypropylene more tougher, combine it with elastomeric particles in a cost‐effective manner is an excellent option. Internal melt blending was used to manufacture polypropylene (PP) and high‐molecular‐grade ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) blends with varying constitutive ratios in this work. EPDM's lower portions have especially high impact strength ratings for PP/EPDM mixtures. (i.e., 2.5, 5, and 7.5 parts per hundred EPDM rubber). The mechanically generated cavitation behavior of impact cracked specimens is obvious from SEM morphology, showing to the strong impact resistance of PP/EPDM blends. Increased EPDM content reduces the amount of scattered EPDM rubber particles by increasing the average diameter of dispersed particles, as seen by HRTEM images of the samples. The tensile and flexural properties of PP/EPDM blends were analysed. The rheological tests demonstrate that as the frequency increases, the complex viscosity drops, indicating that the melt is in a pseudoplastic condition. Due to the destruction of polymer chain mobility at greater cooling rates, DSC analysis indicates that percentage crystallinity values decrease as the cooling rate of crystallization increases, resulting in an incomplete crystallization process. The fact that PP/EPDM mixes have two glass transition temperatures indicates that they are immiscible. An investigation using the TGA found that the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of the PP/EPDM rubber mixtures may be sustained for long periods of time at very high operating temperatures.
Prediction score for prolonged hospital stay in meconium aspiration syndrome: A multicentric collaborative cohort of south India
Authors: Rao Poornachandra , Charki Siddu , Aradhya Abhishek S. , Diggikar Shivashankar , Bilagi Archana , Venkatagiri Praveen , Tyagaraj Tanmaya , Kulkarni Srikanth , Nagareddy Vinutha G. , Biradar Vijaykumar S. , Lewis Patricia , Patil M. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWith improved survival in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), the focus is currently on mitigating the morbidities. The objective of this study was to predict factors determining prolonged hospital stay in neonates with MAS.Materials and MethodsIt was a retrospective cohort from five centers of south India between 2018 and 2020. Neonates ≥35 weeks of gestation admitted to neonatal intensive care unit with the diagnosis of MAS and requiring oxygen beyond 24 h of life were included in the study. The morbidities in the neonates with stay ≤7 days (short stay) were compared with >7 days (prolonged stay). Logistic regression by the backward stepwise method was used for predictive score creation.ResultsOut of 347 neonates with MAS discharged home, 103 (29%) had a short stay and 244 (71%) had prolonged stay. The primary support beyond O2 (continuous positive airway pressure/mechanical ventilation) (42% vs. 83%, p < 0.001), fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) at 1 h >30% (45% vs. 87%, p < 0.001), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 2 or 3 (1% vs. 27%, p < 0.001), moderate–severe persistent pulmonary artery hypertension (PPHN) (3% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) were independent factors associated with prolonged stay on logistic regression. A prediction model was devised using weighted scores of these four associated morbidities. The clinical score thus developed had 83% sensitivity, 68% specificity for the prediction of prolonged stay (area under curve: 82%, 95% confidence interval [78–87], p < 0.001).ConclusionMore than two‐thirds of neonates with MAS had prolonged stay. The primary support beyond oxygen, FiO2 requirement >30%, Moderate to severe PPHN, HIE stage 2 or 3 were predictive of prolonged stay in neonates with MAS.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and residential mobility intentions in the United States: Evidence from Google Trends data
Authors: Lei Lei , Liu Xialu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives through economic challenges, closure of worksites and schools and increased health risks. These disruptions can trigger new residential needs and preferences, but little research has been done regarding the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on moving intentions. We theorized how the pandemic could influence intentions of making different types of residential moves. Using Google Trends data, we conducted a time‐series analysis to assess the transitory, short‐term and long‐lasting changes in various types of mobility intentions since the pandemic. Results show that thoughts about temporary relocation surged at the onset of the COVID‐19 epidemic and then experienced a long‐term decrease. Intentions to move through housing purchases and rentals briefly declined at the beginning of the pandemic but then surpassed their normal levels in the following months. Thoughts about moving in with family or parents increased by almost 50% during the pandemic. These trends were also reflected in Google searches for moving services, which exhibited an initial decline followed by a long‐term increase. The results demonstrate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has not only posed obstacles that lowered moving intentions but also has created new needs and desires for moving.
ADMET and quantitative structure property relationship analysis of anti‐Covid drugs against omicron variant with some degree‐based topological indices
Authors: Tamilarasi William , Balamurugan Bommahalli Jayaraman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChemical graph theory is one of the important fields in mathematical chemistry which provides a useful tool called topological indices which transforms chemical structure of a molecule into a numerical value. Topological indices are used to investigate physicochemical properties, pharmaco‐kinetic properties, biological activity in quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure–activity relationship. The most life‐threatening disease the world facing is COVID‐19 and its prominent variants like alpha, beta, delta and omicron variants. The delta and omicron variants are deemed one of the most contagious strains of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Since there is no exact drug for these variants, but researches are been carried out with some existing and new drugs which are effective against delta and omicron variants. Favipiravir, Baricitinib, Fluvoxamine, Nirmatrelvir and Molnupiravir are some of the drugs currently used to treat COVID‐19 omicron variant. In this paper QSPR model is designed to predict some selected physicochemical properties and ADMET properties of the above aforesaid drugs by using some degree‐based indices such as first K Banhatti index, second K Banhatti index, first K hyper Banhatti index, second K hyper Banhatti index, modified first K Banhatti index, modified second K Banhatti index and harmonic K Banhatti index via M‐Polynomial. The relationship analyses for the physicochemical and ADMET properties with the degree‐based indices are done by using the quadratic and cubic regression method respectively. The results obtained can be expanded to correlate several other properties associated with drugability of potential candidates that can further be utilized to construct a disease‐based library of drugs.
Estimation of disease progression for ischemic heart disease using latent Markov with covariates
Authors: Oflaz Zarina , Yozgatligil Ceylan , Selcuk‐Kestel A. Sevtap 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContemporaneous monitoring of disease progression, in addition to early diagnosis, is important for the treatment of patients with chronic conditions. Chronic disease‐related factors are not easily tractable, and the existing data sets do not clearly reflect them, making diagnosis difficult. The primary issue is that databases maintained by health care, insurance, or governmental organizations typically do not contain clinical information and instead focus on patient appointments and demographic profiles. Due to the lack of thorough information on potential risk factors for a single patient, investigations on the nature of disease are imprecise. We suggest the use of a latent Markov model with variables in a latent process because it enables the panel analysis of many forms of data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate unobserved factors in ischemic heart disease (IHD) using longitudinal data from electronic health records. Based on the results we designate states as healthy, light, moderate, and severe to represent stages of disease progression. This study demonstrates that gender, patient age, and hospital visit frequency are all significant factors in the development of the disease. Females acquire IHD more rapidly than males, frequently developing from moderate and severe disease. In addition, it demonstrates that individuals under the age of 20 bypass the light state of IHD and proceed directly to the moderate state.
Reversed‐phase–high‐performance liquid chromatography method simultaneous quantification of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate
Authors: Patel Mansi M. , Chhalotiya Usmangani K. , Shah Dimal A. , Kachhiya Hetaben M , Tandel Jinal N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor the simultaneous quantification of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate in bulk and synthetic mixtures, a sensitive, precise, robust, and accurate reverse‐phase–high‐performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Q2 (R1) guideline. The Phenomenex C‐18 column (250 × 4.6 mm2, 5 m) was equilibrated with mobile phase acetonitrile: KH2PO4(30:70, v/v), pH 5.0 was adjusted with 1% orthophosphoric acid, the flow rate was maintained at 1 ml/min, and analysis was performed using a photodiode array detector. Note that, 279 nm was found to be the common detection wavelength for Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate. As per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use criteria, the technique was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, as well as the limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The linearity range of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate was found to be 5–40 and 2.5–20 μg/ml and correlation coefficients were 0.9988 and 0.9994, respectively. The mean percentage recovery of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate was found to be 99.83–101.87 and 99.46–101.62%, respectively. The present work represents the sensitive, accurate, precise, and reproducible reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate, and none of the liquid chromatography methods published on this novel combination. The proposed reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method has potential qualitative as well as quantitative applications for simultaneous estimation of Ivabradine hydrochloride and Bisoprolol fumarate in bulk and synthetic mixture. Once pharmaceutical formulation comes into the market proposed reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method is used for the qualitative and quantitative simultaneous estimation.
Global solutions for the modified Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Ji Shuguan , Zhou Yonghui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the global solutions for the modified Camassa–Holm equation. We first obtain the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the initial datum with , and then give some norm estimates of strong solutions and its momentum density. Finally, by using the compensated compactness method and regularization technique, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for the initial datum .
Innate visual attraction in wood ants is a hardwired behavior seen across different motivational and ecological contexts
Authors: Buehlmann C. , Graham P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnts are expert navigators combining innate and learnt navigational strategies. Whereas we know that the ants’ feeding state segregates visual–navigational memories in ants navigating along a learnt route, it is an open question if the motivational state also affects the ants’ innate visual preferences. Wood ant foragers show an innate attraction to conspicuous visual cues. These foragers inhabit cluttered woodland habitat and feed on honeydew from aphids on trees. Hence, the attraction to ‘tree-like’ objects might be an ecologically relevant behavior that is tailored to the wood ants’ foraging ecology. Foragers from other ant species with different foraging ecologies show very different innate attractions. We investigated here the innate visual response of wood ant foragers with different motivational states, i.e., unfed or fed, as well as males that show no foraging activity. Our results show that ants from all three groups orient toward a prominent visual cue, i.e., this intrinsic visuomotor response is not context-dependent, but a hardwired behavior seen across different motivational and ecological contexts.
Parameter estimation and its influence on layered metal–composite–metal plates simulation
Authors: Dileep Pranav Kumar , Hartmann Stefan , Hua Wei , Palkowski Heinz , Fischer Tobias , Ziegmann Gerhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaminates made of metal—glass fiber-reinforced polymers—metal layers require material parameters for each constitutive model of the constituents. First, although parameter identification for metallic materials has been frequently discussed, the stepwise identification of material parameters in terms of uncertainties of previously determined parameters is investigated by the concept of error propagation. Second, the calibration of a model of orthotropy describing the large deformation behavior of the glass fiber-reinforced kernel layer is a challenging process, especially against the background of a reliable determination of the parameters. The main problem is related to the lack of available experiments. This issue is embedded in the concept of local identifiability. Thus, the article provides experiments to determine the parameters of both the steel as well as the glass fiber-reinforced polymers. Particularly for the latter issue,$$\mu $$μ-CT data is chosen to provide a representative volume element, where all deformation modes can be investigated. In this sense, a concept to determine all material parameters in a locally unique and reliable manner is studied. A linear error propagation concept provides the uncertainty of the resulting material parameters of the whole parameter set for the homogenized material. The entire parameter identification process is discussed thoroughly, and validation examples such as bending and deep drawing in metal forming processes, are provided to estimate the prediction accuracy. In this respect, the uncertainties found by parameter identification are applied to the prediction of finite element simulations of layered metal–composite–metal forming processes and error propagation is used to estimate the uncertainties of the simulations. In this contribution, we restrict ourselves to experiments at room temperature.
Dimension Theory in Iterated Local Skew Power Series Rings
Authors: Woods Billy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany well-known local rings, including soluble Iwasawa algebras and certain completed quantum algebras, arise naturally as iterated skew power series rings. We calculate their Krull and global dimensions, obtaining lower bounds to complement the upper bounds obtained by Wang. In fact, we show that many common such rings obey a stronger property, which we call triangularity, and which allows us also to calculate their classical Krull dimension (prime length). Finally, we correct an error in the literature regarding the associated graded rings of general iterated skew power series rings, but show that triangularity is enough to recover this result.
Joyce Lankester Brisley’s Bunchy as the Shadow of Milly-Molly-Mandy
Authors: Walls Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe continuing popularity of Brisley’s Milly Molly Mandy stories notwithstanding, critical commentary on Brisley’s work is scarce. June Factor, writing in 1979, praised her reconstruction of “English village life before the First World War.” But the stories are set later– between the wars. They exhibit documentary realism, even while they cooperate with a national idealization of country living in this period. In so doing, they may be contrasted with Brisley’s Bunchy stories. Bunchy’s adventures are unnerving fantasies, very different from Milly Molly Mandy’s credible expeditions. They reflect Bunchy’s situation as an orphan, living with her apparently widowed grandmother, and without playmates on the outskirts of Milly Molly Mandy’s village. Bunchy’s make-believe companions (formed out of pastry dough, inadequate drawings etc.) are not just unsatisfactory as such—they are threatening allusions to mortality and loss. It could be that they reflect Brisley’s own disrupted life-history.