bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Structures and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Some Adducts of Copper(I) Cyanide with Pyridine Bases
Authors: Bowmaker Graham A. , Lim Kevin C. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Synthetic and room temperature single crystal X-ray structural characterizations are recorded for adducts of copper(I) cyanide formed by crystallization of copper(I) cyanide from (unidentate) pyridine (‘py’) bases L, of 1:2 (L = py; new phase), 1:1.5 (L = 2-methylpyridine, ‘2mp’) and 1:1 (L = quinoline, ‘quin’) stoichiometries. All are single-stranded polymers, with successive copper atoms linked by single linear cyanide bridges (C,N disordered, individual components not resolved), with four- or three-coordinate N2Cu(CN)2 or NCu(CN)2 copper environments in the 1:2 and 1:1 adducts, these alternating in the 1:1.5 (2:3) adduct. The present and previous related studies providing a basis for a systematic survey of their vibrational spectroscopy. The IR spectra of the infinite polymers show bands that are assigned to vibrations of the CuCN chains in these complexes: ν(CN), ν(CuC/N) (the CuC/CuN stretching mode, involving vibration of the CN group between its two neighbouring Cu atoms), δ (CuCN) (the restricted rotation of the CN group), and δ (NCuC) (the counter-vibration of the Cu substructure against the CN substructure). Gravimetric and vibrational spectroscopic studies following loss of the base molecules from these complexes show that ligand removal occurs in several stages via a series of well-defined adducts, some of which have unusual stoichiometries and structures. Conversely, solid CuCN may be “activated” towards adduct formation by prior reaction with pyridine bases.
Syntheses, Structures and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Some Mixed Pyridine/Triphenylphosphine Adducts of Copper(I) Cyanide
Authors: Bowmaker Graham A. , Hart Robert D. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Single crystal room temperature X-ray structure determinations are described for three adducts formed between copper(I) cyanide, pyridine (‘py’) and triphenylphosphine of (p : q : r =) 1:1:1, 1:1.5:0.5 and 1:0.5:2 (plus py hemisolvate) stoichiometry. The latter is binuclear [(Ph3P)2(py)Cu(μ- CN)Cu(PPh3)2(CN)]. py; the others are linear polymers with . . .Cu(μ-NC)Cu(μ-NC)Cu. . . spines with four-coordinate copper atoms, the coordination sphere of every copper atom in the first being completed by pendant py and Ph3P ligands, while the second has those of alternate copper atoms coordinated by a pair of py ligands. Assignment of bridging CN in all cases is crystallographically ambiguous. The IR spectra of the infinite polymeric complexes show bands that are assigned to vibrations of the CuCN chains in the complexes: ν(CN), ν(CuC/N) (the CuC/N stretching mode, involving vibration of the CN group between its two neighbouring Cu atoms), δ (CuCN) (the restricted rotation of the CN group) and δ (NCuC) (the counter vibration of the Cu substructure against the CN substructure). The ν(CN) and ν(CuC/N) frequencies show correlations with the Cu-C/N bond lengths that are similar in form to those recently established for a range of AgCN complexes.
Syntheses, Structures and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Some Adducts of Copper(I) Cyanide with Unidentate Organic Nitriles
Authors: Bowmaker Graham A. , Lim Kevin C. , Somers Neil , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A number of adducts of copper(I) cyanide, CuCN, have been synthesized by crystallization from its solutions in various unidentate organic nitriles, RCN. Low temperature single crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for a number of these, of the form CuCN : RCN (m : n) for R = Me, Et (m : n = 1 : 1), and Ph, o-tolyl (3:2). The 1 : 1 adduct with acetonitrile is a two-dimensional polymeric web, (CN)Cu(μ-CN)2Cu(NC) units being linked by the peripheral nitrogen and carbon atoms, with a fourth coordination site about each copper having MeCN pendant. The other three adducts are onedimensional polymers, the propionitrile adduct being of the form . . .Cu(NCEt)CNCu(NCEt)CN. . . with trigonal planar copper, the bridging cyanide groups being replaced in the benzo- and o-toluo nitrile adducts by linear Cu(CN)−2 moieties. The vibrational spectra of bulk samples are largely consistent with the single crystal structural results, but reveal the possible existence of adducts of higher CuCN content in the case of the CuCN/benzonitrile system.
Solvothermal Synthesis of [C6H17N3]Sb10S16: A New Thioantimonate(III) with an in-situ Formed Organic Amine Cation
Authors: Kiebach Ragnar , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The new thioantimonate(III) [C6H17N3][Sb10S16] (C6H17N3 = 2-piperazine-N-ethylamine cation) was obtained under solvothermal conditions showing a unique anionic framework. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units in the unit cell. The lattice parameters are a=11.530(2), b=25.042(5), c = 13.709(3)Å, β =111.25(3)◦,V = 3689(2) Å3. The thioantimonate(III) anion is formed by interconnection of nine trigonal pyramidal SbS3 units and one SbS4 moiety. These primary building units share common corners and edges yielding Sb3S3 and Sb2S2 hetero-rings. Further condensation leads to strong undulated two atoms thick layers extending in the [010] direction, with a modulation period of about 14 Å. Very large Sb31S31 rings within the layers show a ‘double-ellipsoidal’ shape with approximate dimensions of 8.9 ・ 9.3 Å. The cations are located at the inflexion points of the layers and act as pillars between successive layers. The layers are stacked onto each other in a way that channels parallel to [001] are formed accommodating the organic cations. A remarkable observation is that the 2-piperazine-N-ethylamine cation is formed by cyclization of tren molecules (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) under in-situ conditions.
Silver(I) Complexes with the 1,1’-Bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)ferrocene Ligand. Polymeric Chain Species
Authors: Concepción Gimeno M. , Jones Peter G. , Laguna Antonio , Sarroca Cristina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The reaction of Fc(S2CNEt2)2 (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)2) with [Ag(OTf)(PPh3)] (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) or [Au(OClO3)(PPh3)] in various molar ratios gives complexes of stoichiometry [Ag(PPh3){Fc(S2CNEt2)2}]OTf, [Ag(PPh3)2{Fc(S2CNEt2)2}]OTf, [Ag2(PPh3)2{Fc(S2 CNEt2)2}](ClO4)2or [Ag3(PPh3)3{Fc(S2CNEt2)2}](ClO4)3. Treatment of Fc(S2CNEt2)2 with Ag(OTf) gives the complex [Ag(OTf){Fc(S2CNEt2)2}], which can easily react with bidentate ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), bis(diphenylthiophosphoryl)methane ((SPPh2)2CH2) or NaS2CNEt2 to afford the cationic complexes [Ag(phen){Fc(S2CNEt2)-}]OTf, [Ag{(SPPh2)2 CH2}{Fc(S2CNEt2)2}]OTf or the neutral [Ag(S2CNEt2){Fc(S2CNEt2)2}]. The crystal structure of [Ag(PPh3)2{Fc(S2CNEt2)2}]OTf reveals that silver coordinates to the dithiocarbamate sulfur atoms of two ferrocene ligands, thus forming a chain polymer.
Potensi Kerjasama Ekonomi dan Keamanan India–Afghanistan Paska Kemenangan Taliban Tahun 2021
Authors: Susilowati Ida , Fauzi Muhammad , Hidayat Regga Fajar , Nabeel Thoriq 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The internal conflict between the Afghan government and the Taliban has been going on for a long time, and in mid-August 2021 the Taliban succeeded in taking over the Afghan government in Kabul. Various countries began to respond to the event, especially countries that have established diplomatic, economic and military cooperation with Afghanistan, including India. This article aims to analyze the potential for bilateral cooperation in the economic and security fields between India and Afghanistan, especially after the Taliban's success in occupying Kabul and announcing the Afghan government under the Taliban. Qualitative research with descriptive analytical methods is applied in this research, based on data sources obtained through literature study techniques. This research shows that India has the potential to take a policy to continue to cooperate with Afghanistan in the economic and security fields. This due to India's national interest in Afghanistan such as controlling Afghanistan's mineral resources and realizing India as a regional power in the South Asian region. Keywords: National Interest, Bilateral Cooperation, India, Afghanistan, Taliban. Abstrak. Konflik internal antara pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban telah berlangsung sejak lama, dan di pertengahan bulan Agustus 2021 Taliban berhasil mengambil alih pemerintahan Afghanistan di Kabul. Berbagai negara mulai merespon peristiwa tersebut, terutama negara-negara yang menjalin kerjasama diplomatik, ekonomi dan militer dengan Afghanistan tidak terkecuali India. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi kerjasama bilateral di bidang ekonomi dan keamanan antara India dengan Afganistan, terutama paska keberhasilan Taliban menduduki Kabul dan mengumumkan pemerintahan Afghanistan dibawah Taliban. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis diterapkan dalam penelitian ini, berdasarkan sumber-sumber data yang diperoleh melalui teknik studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa India berpotensi mengambil kebijakan untuk tetap bekerjasama dengan Afghanistan di bidang ekonomi dan keamanan. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari kepentingan nasional India terhadap Afghanistan seperti menguasai sumber daya mineral Afganistan dan mewujudkan India sebagai regional power di kawasan Asia Selatan.Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Nasional, Kerjasama Bilateral, India, Afghanistan, Taliban.
Improving Time to Independent Oral Feeding to Expedite Hospital Discharge in Preterm Infants
Authors: Gentle Samuel J. , Meads Claire , Ganus Shae , Barnette Elizabeth , Munkus Kathryn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Salas Ariel A. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Achievement of independent oral feedings remains the most common barrier to discharge in preterm infants. Early oral feeding initiation may be associated with a lower postmenstrual age (PMA) at independent oral feeding and discharge. In preterm infants born between 25 and 32 weeks’ gestation, our aim was to decrease the PMA at independent oral feedings and discharge by 1 week between June 2019 and June 2020.

METHODS
Following formation of a multidisciplinary team, the following plan-do-study-act cycles were targeted: (1) oral feeding initiation at &lt;33 weeks’ PMA, (2) cue-based feeding, and (3) practitioner-driven feeding in infants who had not yet achieved independent oral feedings by 36 weeks’ PMA. Outcome measures included the PMA at independent oral feeding and discharge. Process measures included adherence to cue-based feeding assessments and PMA at oral feeding initiation.

RESULTS
In total, 552 infants with a median gestational age of 30.3 weeks’ (interquartile range 28.1–32.0) and birth weight of 1320 g (interquartile range 1019–1620) were included. The PMA at discharge decreased from 38.8 to 37.7 weeks during the first plan-do-study-act cycle, which coincided with an increase in the number of infants initiated on oral feeds at &lt;33 weeks’ PMA from 47% to 80%. The age at independent oral feeding decreased from 37.4 to 36.5 weeks’ PMA.

CONCLUSIONS
In preterm infants born between 25 and 32 weeks’ gestation, earlier oral feeding initiation was associated with a decreased PMA at independent oral feeding and discharge.
A study of factors associated with tokophobia and its effect on pregnancy
Authors: Ramalingappa Padmasri , Gowda Raksha S. , Srinivasamurthy Shruthi Holavanahalli 
Published: February 2022

Background: Tokophobia is pathological fear of childbirth which has bearing on the women’s health with the physical and psychosocial morbidity. It includes fear of injury to the baby, genital tract, death and is a common cause for which a woman opts for caesarean section. Recognition of tokophobia and close liaison with obstetricians/specialists can help to reduce its severity and ensure treatment. Aim of the current study was to assess the incidence of tokophobia and correlation with the sociodemographic variables to evaluate the possibility of reducing the requests for caesarean section.Methods: 150 pregnant women attending the antenatal OPD and labour ward in a tertiary care centre constituted the study population. Data was gathered using standard questionnaire to assess fear of child birth, anxiety associated and was analysed with chi-square test for statistical significance.Results: 150 women included in the study, the incidence of tokophobia was 55.3% and severe tokophobia was 30.7%. Of these 62% were primigravidae and 38% multigravidae.15.3% of the total requested for caesarean section with the major reason being fear of childbirth. However, 84.7% of the study population did so without any such request for caesarean section. Higher incidence of tokophobia was observed in women with intermediate education as against those who completed their graduation and post-graduation.Conclusions: Tokophobia is associated with pregnant women in different severity. It’s influenced by sociodemographic variables like educational and socioeconomic status. Improvement in sociodemographic conditions could reduce tokophobia.
Management of trans-anal extrusion of distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter in children
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The objectives of this study were to review the demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical procedures executed, and the outcome of children operated upon for trans-anal extrusion of the distal VPS (ventriculoperitoneal shunt) catheter.Methods: Case records of children under 12-years, operated upon for the trans-anal extrusion of the distal VPS catheter, were reviewed in detail.Results: This study comprised of, n=25 children and included, n=14 boys and, n=11 girls. The interval from the primary VPS insertion/VPS revision to the diagnosis of trans-anal extrusion of the distal VPS catheter ranged from 2 to 49-months, with a mean of 10.04 (11.58 SD/ months. Clinically, all children presented with trans-anal extrusion of the distal VPS catheter. None of them had clinical features of peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, or meningitis. Operative procedures performed in the following order of frequency; (a) removal and immediate revision of the peritoneal/distal VPS catheter n=15 (60%), (b) removal of entire VPS catheter and delayed re-VPS insertion n=4 (16%), (c) removal of peritoneal/distal VPS catheter, external ventricular drainage (EVD) followed by delayed re-VPS insertion n=3 (12%), (d) removal of entire VPS catheter and immediate re-VPS insertion n=1 (4%) and (e) removal of entire VPS catheter alone n=2 (8%). Conclusions: Trans-anal extrusion of the distal VPS catheter is well-known, but rare complication of the VPS insertion done in children. In sixty percent of children, removal and immediate revision of the peritoneal/distal VPS catheters were done safely by mini-laparotomy. During the management, formal abdominal explorations were neither executed nor required in any case.
A comprehensive analysis of serum D-dimer and Ferritin levels, in 347 patients with severe (breathlessness and chest discomfort) corona virus disease 2019
Authors: Jangamgudem Sudharani 
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum D-dimer and Ferritin levels, in patients with severe (Breathlessness and chest discomfort) corona virus disease 2019.Methods: The present study included a 347 (out of 1500) patients with severe Breathlessness and Chest discomfort age between 40 to 60 years who were confirmed to have Covid-19 based on RTPCR in a GVPIHC&MT referral hospital between 2020 June and 2020 August, were analysed.Results: A total No of 694 cases were studied by dividing them into two groups controls 347 and cases 347. The results so obtained compare with 347 healthy controls included in this study. Statistical evaluation was carried out to confirm any deviation from the normal values. The Mean± SD Serum FERRITIN Cases (654.45±317.45), controls (157.03±87.43), D-dimer values of cases (6.1517±3.4270), controls (0.2204±0.1083) and both serum Ferritin and D-dimer values in cases (3.443230±3.625471), controls (0.201372±0.121560). This increase is statistically P value highly significant (<0.001)Conclusions: It has been shown from this study with, the serum activities of D-Dimer and Ferritin levels were markedly increased in Severe Breathlessness and Chest discomfort in male and female COVID-19 patients.
Functional outcome of peritrochanteric fracture fixation with modified gamma nail using tri-wire anchorage
Authors: Mukherjee Jayanta , Ahmad Mujatba , Jash Swagatam , Nasipuri Kartick , Kushwaha Pankaj K. 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Pertrochanteric fractures comprise almost 50% of all proximal femoral fractures. Being common in elderly people, the quality of life deteriorates until the fracture is stabilized, followed by early mobilization. Intramedullary devices have been proven to improve biomechanics. In our study, we adopted modified gamma nail with additional tri-wire anchorage construct, which further stabilizes the rotational torque.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was undertaken on 39 skeletally mature patients of both sexes, with per-trochanteric fracture, from January 2019 to April 2020. The study included 23 females and 16 males. the 34 underwent CRIF while 5 underwent ORIF. One patient was lost to follow-up. Clinico-radiological evaluations of the patients were done for 12 months. Functional evaluation was based on the modified Harris hip score (mHHS). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 5. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed 100% union rate. Radiologically at 3 months, the fracture united in all patients. At 6 months postoperatively all patients were ambulatory with or without walking aids. One patient had tri-wire cut through and one had tri-wire back-out. HHS was an average of 79 at 3 months representing a fair outcome. This increased to 90 at 6 months representing an excellent outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modified gamma nail with tri-wire anchorage has distinct advantages over other techniques. It allows for early weight-bearing and mobilization with lesser complications. The tri-wire construct further provides additional rotational stability in osteoporotic bone.</p><p>nal stability in osteoporotic bone.</p>
Functional outcome of elbow after comminuted radial head fractures treated with radial head excision arthroplasty versus radial head prosthesis
Authors: Kumar Priyambada , Patil Nitin S. , Nikam Mithilesh A. 
Published: February 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aim of the study was to compare the functional outcome of the elbow after treating a Mason type III radial head fractures with radial head excision arthroplasty versus radial head arthroplasty with prosthesis and to study the complications which occur in both techniques.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study comprised of 30 patients, with each group comprising of 15 patients each (n=15). Randomization was done; group A comprised of patients with Mason type 3 radial head fractures treated with excision arthroplasty and group B included patients with Mason type 3 radial head fractures treated with radial head arthroplasty with prosthesis. Post operatively the operated limb was immobilized in an above-elbow plaster of Paris slab for 3 weeks in all patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score at 6 weeks was noted to be 30.13 for patients belonging to group A and 13.06 for patients in group B. The mean DASH score at 3 months follow up was calculated as 22.53 for group A and 10.66 for group B. The mean DASH score at 6 monthly follow up was noted to be 13.86 for patients in group A and 5.2 for patients in group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> As evident from the radiological findings and the clinical follow up, it is safe to say that radial head arthroplasty with prosthesis produces more convincing results in terms of stability of the elbow joint, range of motion and pain as compared to radial head excision arthroplasty for the treatment of Mason type III radial head fractures. </p>
Concomitant bilateral medial malleolus stress fracture: a case report and review of literature of an extremely rare injury
Authors: Philip Vivek Mathew , Shekhar Raj , Sharma Saurabh , Padhi Prashant Pratim 
Published: February 2022

<p>Medial malleolus stress fractures are rare stress injuries and account for 4% of all the stress fractures. Bilateral medial malleolus stress fracture (MMSFs) is extremely rare with only five such cases reported in existing literature. We report an extremely rare injury pattern in the form of concomitant bilateral MMSF in a young military recruit who presented with severe pain in both his ankles for one month.<strong> </strong>A 20-year military recruit undergoing rigorous physical training presented to us with severe bilateral ankle pain of one month duration. Clinico-radiological examination revealed bilateral MMSFs. He was managed with open reduction and internal fixation using a one-third tubular plate in buttress mode. Patient was gradually rehabilitated and on one-year follow up, he is asymptomatic and performing all strenuous physical activities. Bilateral MMSFs are extremely rare injuries with only five such cases reported in existing medical literature and this is the fourth instance where bilateral MMSFs were diagnosed at the time of clinical presentation and managed simultaneously, in the same surgical setting.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
2020 parliamentary elections in Georgia: Results and geographical peculiarities
Authors: Gachechiladze Revaz , Gogsadze Giorgi 
Published: February 2022

The article aims to show the main political-geographic trends of the 2020 parliamentary elections in Georgia. The political systems of the post-Soviet counties are still imperfect and fragile. Although international observers recognised the vote results in Georgia as legitimate, many opposition parties boycotted the parliament for almost six months. It took several western officials to engage in regulating the post-election crisis. The work focuses on analysing turnout and voting patterns pointing to the changes that occurred in the last decade. A geographical study of elections enables one to identify the merits and drawbacks of the electoral process from the regional standpoint. The findings of the work underline the complexity of the election outcomes. While certain legal and political changes bring Georgia closer to European democracies, the country still lags in terms of several electoral/geographical features.