bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing modality associated with fast‐track ART initiation in Botswana
Authors: Lavoie Marie‐Claude C. , Blanco Natalia , Keapoletswe Koona , Marima Reson , Ntwayagae Ookeditse A. , Sebina Kagiso B. , Loeto Peter , Mogomotsi Panky G. , Saleeb Paul G. , Ndwapi Ndwapi , Stafford Kristen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify community testing modalities associated with fast‐track ART initiation in Botswana.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all Botswana citizens 15 years or older who were newly identified as HIV‐positive from 1 May 2017 to 31 January 2019, in Mahalapye and Southern districts. We used Poisson regression with robust error variance and generalised linear mixed models to control for cluster effects to model risk of ART initiation within 7 and 30 days of HIV diagnosis, testing modality factors.ResultsA total of 1436 individuals were newly identified HIV‐positive, with men accounting for 60% across all testing modalities. 22% of all HIV‐positive individuals were initiated on ART within 7 days. Clients diagnosed through index testing were more likely to be started on ART within 7 days (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.38, 95% CI 1.37–1.38) and 30 days (aRR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.26) than those diagnosed through mobile/outreach testing.ConclusionsCommunity HIV testing can complement facility‐based testing by reaching individuals who may be less likely to seek HIV services at a facility, such as men. Monitoring ART initiation by testing modalities is critical to identify the optimal ones and to guide continuous programme improvement.
Una ciudad anatómica en los Andes colombianos: Sátivanorte (Boyacá, Colombia), procedimiento para la declaratoria de su grupo urbano como BIC
Authors: Galindo Cuervo Teresa Carolina , García García Juan José 
Published: March 2022

Sátivanorte, enclavada en la cordillera Oriental andina, en el departamento de Boyacá, ha declarado recientemente (2018) su centro urbano fundacional como bien de interés cultural (BIC) con la categoría de grupo urbano, una de las tipologías establecidas para la declaratoria. Como uno de los principales fundamentos para ello se señala la característica de presentar una traza original, de forma anatómica o antropomorfa, desconocida en los trazados urbanos de toda Colombia o, por lo menos, no identificada en ningún otro municipio, además de otros caracteres tangibles, como son las tipologías construidas, los materiales, la conservación y la homogeneidad, entre otros, e inmateriales, como es el espíritu de los habitantes de permanecer unidos tras la catástrofe acontecida en el invierno de 1933.
El grupo urbano ha sido declarado basándose en estos elementos, concretados en unos criterios de valoración que a la vez permiten atribuir los valores patrimoniales, los cuales son los que le confieren cuerpo al acto administrativo. Sin embargo, más allá de los criterios y valores, las normas solo establecen el procedimiento indicado para esta parte administrativa, pero no se especifica nada de la parte técnica. El documento técnico que permite entrever un análisis patrimonial de un grupo urbano es el Manual para inventarios de bienes culturales inmuebles del Ministerio de Cultura (2005), pero el mismo se enfoca en la individualidad del bien, no analiza el conjunto más que como supeditado al bien individual, además de centrarse casi absolutamente en cuestiones materiales
Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal el dar a conocer los valores que han llevado a la declaratoria como BIC del conjunto urbano de Sátivanorte, como un elemento original en el patrimonio nacional colombiano y, consecuentemente, se busca establecer un método de trabajo válido para la declaratoria de bienes de interés cultural con características particulares, como son los grupos o sectores urbanos que se adaptan a las peculiaridades de los bienes culturales compuestos.
El castillo de Molina de Aragón, testigo en piedra de la historia de España
Authors: Mateo Vega José Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Molina de Aragón es una población de origen medieval, capital del señorío de Molina, cuya ubicación estratégica de frontera entre los reinos de Castilla y Aragón, junto con sus fueros de repoblación, riqueza agrícola, ganadera y forestal, propiciaron su asentamiento urbano.
En una ladera orientada al sur, dominando el valle del río Gallo, se alza esta fortaleza, a casi 100 metros de altitud sobre el valle donde se asienta la población aledaña. Este complejo constituye la típica alcazaba bajomedieval, en la que un amplio recinto amurallado aloja en su interior la edificación. El castillo es, a día de hoy, uno de los fortines militares más importantes y representativos de la Edad Media. Todavía se mantienen en pie la Torre de Aragón y cuatro de las seis torres del castillo. La fortaleza se encuentra actualmente en estado de ruina consolidada y ha sido sometida en el pasado a restauraciones poco acordes con la calidad arquitectonica que atesora.
¿Qué propició la construcción de semejante fortaleza en estos parajes? ¿Por qué se denomina castillo de Molina de Aragón, si se encuentra en tierras de Castilla? ¿Cómo ha resistido el paso del tiempo desde la Edad Media? ¿Qué enseñanzas se pueden extraer de su singular constucción para la arquitectura contemporánea? ¿Por qué se encuentra en estado de ruina, en lugar de reactivarlo para uso turístico y cultural?
Application of Magnetic Fields to Weld Overlay Cladding to Improve Its Performance in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Pichardo-Álvarez B. A. , Salazar-Martínez M. , López-Morelos V. H. , García R. , Curiel-López F. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are increasingly more aggressive hydrocarbons, as they have high contents of hydrogen sulfide/carbon dioxide, under conditions of high pressure/high temperature. For driving these aggressive hydrocarbons, one of the most cost-effective solutions is the coating and cladding on conventional carbon steel using a corrosion-resistant alloy. The overlay is one of the methods used for the application of this cladding. However, among the main problems of this method is the dilution and micro-segregation, which causes a decrease in corrosion resistance and its subsequent failure. In this work, the application of the gas-shielded metal arc welding process with the interaction of electromagnetic fields of low intensity is proposed to overcome or at least minimize these problems. API X60 was used as base material and 316L as overlay. The interaction of the magnetic field (MF) with the molten metal causes the temperature to become homogeneous, induces grain refinement, reduces the extent of the heat-affected zone, leads to a decrement in microhardness, a decrease in dilution and micro-segregation, as well as the elimination of the magnetic blow, stabilizing the arc. This coating technique can be applied to pipelines and fittings as the trim of submarine equipment used for driving aggressive hydrocarbon.
Computational Fluid–Structure Interactions in the Human Cerebrovascular System: Part 2—A Review of Current Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Structural Mechanics in Cerebrovascular Pathophysiology
Authors: Achey Rebecca , Thiyagarajah Nishanth , Rashidi Keyvon , Rashidi Majid , Moore Nina Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cerebrovascular system is an intricate structure that carries blood to and from the brain. Though the overall structures remain relatively the same from person to person, variations of vessel caliber and connections are common. From these vessels, abnormalities of wall structure can result in cerebral aneurysms, which are often prone to rupture and abnormalities in development result in abnormal high flow to low flow connections called arteriovenous malformations. Sometimes posing a great risk for catastrophic brain injury or death, and understanding which of these malformations will rupture, is important in deciding the risk of conservative management versus invasive treatment. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) studies are widely utilized for modeling the interaction between deformable structures and their apposed fluid flow such as between blood and vessel walls. As there are significant differences in the thickness of cerebral blood vessels compared to the systemic vasculature and the cerebral vasculature typically receives 20% of the cardiac output and maintains its own autoregulation, there are unique factors to consider in formulating a fluid structure interaction model. Here, we will be reviewing the current state of coupling mechanical and fluid dynamics in the understanding of cerebrovascular pathology and propose future directions for investigation.
Model-Free Adaptive Sliding Mode Control-Based Active Chatter Suppression by Spindle Speed Variation
Authors: Ding Longyang , Sun Yuxin , Xiong Zhenhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel model-free adaptive sliding mode control (MFA-SMC) algorithm, which is employed to actively adjust the amplitude and frequency of spindle speed variation (SSV) for chatter suppression in turning. The SSV technique is effective for mitigating regenerative chatter, which however is not widely applied due to its poor adaptability to time-varying characteristics of machining dynamics and cutting conditions. The online adjustment of SSV parameters has been reported in previous works, whereas the proportional integral differential (PID)-type controller used cannot compensate for the interactions when abruptly changing the reference input and the parameter tuning procedure consumes much time. The proposed method integrates the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) with the global sliding mode control (GSMC). The method is data-driven and only dependent on the measured input/output data of the cutting process in this paper, which are the normalized wavelet packet entropy and SSV parameters, respectively. The bounded-input bounded-output stability and the tracking error convergence of the proposed control algorithm are guaranteed by theoretical analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed chatter suppression method is investigated with numerical simulations. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that chatter vibration under different cutting conditions can be effectively mitigated by the proposed method.
Comparison of long-term astigmatic changes following cataract surgery among types of corneal astigmatism
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Sasaki Hiroshi , Hirata Akira , Yoshimura Koichi 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo examine whether long-term corneal astigmatic changes after stabilisation of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) following cataract surgery differ among eyes having against-the-rule (ATR), with-the-rule (WTR), and oblique astigmatism.MethodsAnterior corneal astigmatism of 390 eyes in 390 patients (130 eyes each having ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism) who underwent phacoemulsification with a horizontal clear corneal or scleral incision and 390 eyes in 390 control patients without surgery were examined using an auto-keratometer on the day that SIA stabilised (baseline) and at ≥8 years post baseline. Changes in corneal astigmatism during the ≥8 years post baseline were decomposed to vertical/horizontal (Rx) and oblique astigmatism components (Ry), and compared among baseline types of astigmatism and between eyes with and without surgery.ResultsThe mean corneal astigmatic changes (Rx and Ry) showed an ATR shift of 0.2–0.3 D during the ≥8 years post baseline, which did not differ significantly among the ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism groups in eyes with and without surgery. In the ATR, WTR and oblique groups, the mean Rx and Ry did not differ significantly between eyes with and without surgery. Double angle plots revealed an equivalent degree of ATR change in the ATR, WTR and oblique groups between eyes with and without surgery.ConclusionLong-term corneal astigmatic changes towards ATR astigmatism occurred to a similar extent in eyes having ATR, WTR, oblique astigmatism and were comparable between eyes with and without surgery, suggesting that astigmatism type need not be considered when planning astigmatism correction.
Impact of legislative reform on worker fatalities in New Zealand workplaces: a 30-year retrospective population-level analysis
Authors: Lilley Rebbecca , Davie Gabrielle , McNoe Bronwen , Horsburgh Simon , Driscoll Tim R , Cryer Colin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of major legislative changes to New Zealand’s Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) legislation with the adoption of the Robens model as a means to control occupational risks on the burden and risk of work-related fatal injury (WRFI).MethodsPopulation-based comparison of WRFI to workers aged 15–84 years occurring during three periods: before (pre:1985–1992), after legislative reform (post-1:1993–2002) and after subsequent amendment (post-2:2003–2014). Annual age-industry standardised rates were calculated with 95% CI. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate age-adjusted annual percentage changes (APC) for each period, overall and stratified by high-risk industry and occupational groups.ResultsOver the 30-year period, 2053 worker deaths met the eligibility criteria. Age-adjusted APC in rates of worker WRFI changed little between periods: pre (−2.8%, 95% CI 0.0% to −5.5%); post-1 (−2.9%, 95% CI −1.3% to −4.5%) and post-2 (−2.9%, 95% CI −1.3% to −4.4%). There was no evidence of differences in slope. Variable trends in worker WRFI were observed for historically high-risk industry and occupational groups.ConclusionsThe rate of worker WRFI decreased steadily over the 30-year period under examination and there was no evidence that this pattern of declining WRFI was substantially altered with the introduction of Robens-styled OHS legislative reforms. Beyond headline figures, historically high-risk groups had highly variable progress in reducing worker WRFI following legislative reform. This study demonstrates the value in including prereform data and high-risk subgroup analysis when assessing the performance of OHS legislative reforms to control occupational risks.
Cigarette smoking is a secondary cause of folliculin loss
Authors: Li Xiuying , Lai Yandong , Lane Zachary , Strollo Hilary , Tanimura Kazuya , Sembrat John C , Zou Chunbin , Myerburg Michael M , Rojas Mauricio , Shapiro Steven , Jiang Yu , Nyunoya Toru 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBirt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a clinical syndrome manifesting with cystic lung disease and pneumothorax. Features of BHD result from the loss-of-function mutations of the folliculin (FLCN) gene. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by an irreversible airflow limitation, is primarily caused by cigarette smoking.ObjectiveGiven that COPD often shares structural features with BHD, we investigated the link between COPD, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and FLCN expression.MethodsWe measured the expression of FLCN in human COPD lungs and CS-exposed mouse lungs, as well as in CS extract (CSE)-exposed immortalised human airway epithelial cells by immunoblotting.ResultsWe found that the lung FLCN protein levels in smokers with COPD and CS exposure mice exhibit a marked decrease compared with smokers without COPD and room air exposure mice, respectively. We confirmed CS induced degradation of FLCN in immortalised human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells via ubiquitin proteasome system. Further, siRNA targeting FLCN enhanced CSE-induced cytotoxicity. By contrast, FLCN overexpression protected cells from CSE-induced cytotoxicity. We found that FBXO23, the ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, specifically binds to and targets FLCN for degradation. Inhibition of ATM (ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated) attenuated CSE induced FLCN degradation, suggesting a role of ATM in FLCN proteolysis. We further confirmed that the mutant of major FLCN phosphorylation site serine 62A is resistant to CSE-induced degradation and cytotoxicity.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that CS exposure is a secondary cause of FLCN deficiency due to the enhanced proteolysis, which promoted airway epithelial cell death.
Effect of seed coat mucilage, temperature, and photoperiod on germination of four Arabian desert species
Authors: Gairola Sanjay , Mahmoud Tamer , AlKetbi Asma , Shabana Hatem A. , Carón María Mercedes , El-Keblawy Ali 
Published: March 2022

In this study, we assessed the effects of mucilage presence, thermoperiod, and photoperiod on seed germination percentage and germination velocity (mean germination time) of four Arabian desert species. We hypothesized that mucilage presence, thermoperiod, and photoperiod and their interaction would influence seed germination. Seeds with and without mucilage were germinated under different alternating temperature regimes of 15/25, 20/30, and 25/35 °C night/day temperatures with a 12/0 h light/dark photoperiod. Results showed that the incubation temperature affected the germination of all the studied species. The photoperiod significantly affected the germination of Boerhavia elegans Choisy, Salvia aegyptiaca L., and Sporobolus ioclados (Trin.) Nees, while the mucilage presence influenced the germination of S. ioclados only. The interaction between mucilage presence, temperature, and photoperiod significantly influenced the germination percentage of B. elegans and S. aegyptiaca. Neither removal of the mucilage nor light conditions affected the germination percentages of Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth. However, the temperature affected the germination of S. spicatus. The germination of all the studied species was faster for demucilaged seeds. Ecologically, the mucilaginous seed coat is considered an important adaptation for dispersal as it anchors seeds on the ground and holds water around the seed during the germination stage in the stressful arid desert habitats.
MicroRNA-210 Controls Mitochondrial Metabolism and Protects Heart Function in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Song Rui , Dasgupta Chiranjib , Mulder Cassidy , Zhang Lubo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, we test the hypothesis that microRNA-210 protects the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by controlling mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux.

Methods:
Myocardial infarction in an acute setting of IR was examined through comparing loss- versus gain-of-function experiments in microRNA-210–deficient and wild-type mice. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial mitochondria bioenergetics was examined using a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer.

Results:
MicroRNA-210 deficiency significantly exaggerated cardiac dysfunction up to 6 weeks after myocardial IR in male, but not female, mice. Intravenous injection of microRNA-210 mimic blocked the effect and recovered the increased myocardial IR injury and cardiac dysfunction. Analysis of mitochondrial metabolism revealed that microRNA-210 inhibited mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased glycolytic activity, and reduced mitochondrial ROS flux in the heart during IR injury. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS with MitoQ consistently reversed the effect of microRNA-210 deficiency. Mechanistically, we showed that mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a novel target of microRNA-210 in the heart, and loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments revealed that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase played a key role in the microRNA-210–mediated effect on mitochondrial metabolism and ROS flux in the setting of heart IR injury. Knockdown of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase negated microRNA-210 deficiency–induced increases in mitochondrial ROS production and myocardial infarction and improved left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction after the IR treatment.

Conclusions:
MicroRNA-210 targeting glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase controls mitochondrial bioenergetics and ROS flux and improves cardiac function in a murine model of myocardial infarction in the setting of IR injury. The findings suggest new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
What Is the Relationship between the Sense of Presence and Learning in Virtual Reality? A 24-Year Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Krassmann Aliane Loureiro , Melo Miguel , Pinto Darque , Peixoto Bruno , Bessa Maximino , Bercht Magda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sense of presence is an important aspect of experiences in Virtual Reality (VR), an emerging technology in education, leading this construct to be increasingly researched in parallel to learning purposes. However, there is not a consensus in the literature on the outcomes of this association. Aiming to outline a panorama in this regard, a systematic literature review was conducted, with a comprehensive analysis of 140 primary studies recovered from five worldwide databases. The analysis shows an overview of 24 years of areas, factors, and methodological approaches that seem to be more inclined to benefit from the sense of presence toward learning purposes. We contribute to the advancement of state of the art by providing an understanding of the relationship among these variables, identifying potential ways to benefit from the sense of presence to further leverage the use of VR for learning purposes.
Emotional Personalization in Immersive Journalism: Exploring the Influence of Emotional Testimonies and Modality on Emotional Valence, Presence, Empathy, and Recall
Authors: Li Benjamin (Benjy) J. , Lee Hui Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Immersive journalism (IJ), where individuals engage in a news story from a first-person perspective using interactive technologies, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Such stories may improve the impact of journalism on the audience by enhancing feelings and emotions associated with the news content. Studies have shown that rather than undermining rationality, emotion could increase engagement toward news pieces, and improve knowledge of social issues. Emotional personalization (EP), a strategy where the production of news content involves the emotional testimony of ordinary citizens at the heart of the story, is therefore increasingly employed. This study explores how EP, as well as the modality of IJ content, influences our perceptions and cognitions with regards to an IJ piece on war and conflict. In our study, 193 participants took part in a 2 (EP: present vs. absent) × 2 (modality: VR vs. desktop) experiment. Participants in the EP-present condition reported stronger feelings of presence and greater story recall, while those in the VR condition experienced lower emotional valence and stronger feelings of empathy. Our results support current literature on IJ and EP and suggest that with the rising interest in immersive technologies, sustained investigation on the implications of EP strategies in IJ is crucial.