bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and Management of Heart Failure in the Elderly
Authors: Dewaswala Nakeya , Mishra Vinayak , Bhopalwala Huzefa , Minhas Abdul Khan , Keshavamurthy Suresh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe population of elderly adults is increasing globally. It has been projected that the population of adults aged 65 years will increase by approximately 80% by 2050 in the United States. Similarly, the elderly population is rising in other countries; a notable example being Japan where approximately 30% of the population are aged above 65 years. The pathophysiology and management of heart failure (HF) in this age group tend to have more intricacies than in younger age groups owing to the presence of multiple comorbidities. The normal aging biology includes progressive disruption at cellular and genetic levels and changes in molecular signaling and mechanical activities that contribute to myocardial abnormalities. Older adults with HF secondary to ischemic or valvular heart disease may benefit from surgical therapy, valve replacement or repair for valvular heart disease and coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease. While referring these patients for surgery, patient and family expectations and life expectations should be taken into account. In this review, we will cover the pathophysiology and the management of HF in the elderly, specifically discussing important geriatric domains such as frailty, cognitive impairment, delirium, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity.
Impact of Ultrasound-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy for Pain Control in Patients with Chronic Venous Disease and Great Saphenous Vein Reflux
Authors: Poschinger-Figueiredo Douglas , Virgini-Magalhães Carlos Eduardo , Amorim Claudia Salvador , Poschinger Alessandra Krykhtine Peres , Chequer Fernanda Pires 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChronic venous disease (CVD) associated with great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux has a higher prevalence of pain in the lower limbs. This study evaluates the impact of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) for GSV and symptom control, accessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients with CVD who underwent GSV-UGFS were included in this retrospective cohort (417 limbs). The pain was measured before and after the treatment. The scale alteration was assessed as a function of age, sex, Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classes, total of sclerotherapy sessions, GSV occlusion patterns, and ulcer healing. Majority of patients were female (59.2%), and the mean age was 56 ± 11.5 years. In the total sample, 78.2% of the GSVs were fully occluded, 19.7% had partial occlusion, 2.2% remained open, and 3.2 ± 1.9 (median = 3.0) sessions were performed. The reduction of symptoms occurred in 88.3% of participants (VAS drop median = 4.8). Patients younger than 50 years and females had the greatest VAS decreases. When comparing the outcomes of complete occlusion versus partial occlusion, there was no significant difference in VAS pain reduction (p = 0.14). The comparison between CEAP clinical classes also did not show statistically significant differences in delta VAS (p = 0.71). GSV-UGFS was effective for pain control. However, this improvement does not appear to be related to the pattern of occlusion, indicating that in the short term, the outcomes of total and partial occlusion suggest successful management of symptoms. Other aspects such as gender, age, pretreatment pain intensity, and CEAP classes seem to play a role in the clinical outcome.
Determinants of Quality of Life after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ulgen Tekerek Nazan , Dursun Oguz , Karalok Selen , Koker Alper , Duman Ozgur , Haspolat Senay 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and long-term disability. There is a paucity of data on quality of life in survivors of pediatric TBI. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the quality of life after TBI in children.
Methods Consecutively admitted 104 of 156 patients to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with TBI between 1 month and 18 years were included in the study. Demographics were obtained from electronic records. Injury severity and mortality scores were calculated. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were evaluated by interview with patient or the caregiving parents. The Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) score was calculated from the radiology images taken within the first 24 hours after admission to the emergency service.
Results Severe TBI, multiple trauma, intracranial hemorrhage from multiple sites, convulsions, high intracranial pressure, emergency operation on admission, and hypotension on admission were associated with low PedsQL values according to results of univariate analysis (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between PedsQL and GOS, mechanical ventilation duration, PICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. In the linear regression model made by considering the univariate analysis results, it was shown that Rotterdam CT score and PICU LOS are independent variables that determine low PedsQL score. PedsQL scores were lower in children ≥ 8 years of age and in those evaluated within the first year after discharge (p = 0.003).
Conclusion In pediatric TBI, Rotterdam CT score and PICU LOS were found as independent variables determining PedsQL score after discharge.
Interest group preferences towards trade agreements: institutional design matters
Authors: Dür Andreas , Huber Robert A. , Mateo Gemma , Spilker Gabriele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterest groups play a key role in the political economy of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Their support for or opposition to a planned PTA tends to be crucial in determining the fate of PTAs. But which PTAs receive support from (which) interest groups? Clearly, the design of a PTA, that is, which types of provisions are (not) included in the agreement, is essential in that respect. We argue that trade and trade-related provisions, such as those that regulate services trade or the protection of intellectual property rights, mainly increase support for PTAs among export-oriented business groups. In contrast, the inclusion of non-trade provisions, namely clauses aimed at the protection of environmental and labour standards, makes citizen groups, labour unions, and import-competing business groups more supportive of trade agreements. Relying on original data from a survey of interest groups across the globe, including a conjoint experiment, we find support for the argument that different types of interest groups value the inclusion of trade and non-trade provisions in PTAs differently. Interestingly, however, we find little difference between export-oriented and import-competing business interests. Our study speaks to research on interest groups and trade policy.
Counterfactual analysis of the impact of the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reporting and registration of missing people in India
Authors: Paramasivan Kandaswamy , Subramani Brinda , Sudarsanam Nandan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe primary duty of law enforcement agencies is to ensure that a victim has the necessary information and access to the relevant tools required to seek justice. In India, complex cases such as bodily offences and property crimes capture the work and efforts of many agencies involved; however, cases related to missing persons are not often accorded similar priority or seriousness. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns have added further challenges to this scenario. The government-mandated lockdowns in Tamil Nadu generally exacerbated difficult socio-economic and living conditions, thereby directly or indirectly contributing to an increased load of missing person cases. This study aims to assess and identify the impact of mobility on reporting and registration of missing persons. By adopting an auto-regressive neural networks method, this study uses a counterfactual analysis of registered missing person cases during the government-mandated lockdowns in response to the global pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The registered cases are calculated based on the daily count of cases for eleven years in Tamil Nadu, India. The lockdowns identify eight different time windows to determine the impact of mobility on the registration of cases. While there has been no significant or drastic change over the pre-pandemic period, during the pandemic, especially during the restrictive phases of the pandemic, there was a sharp fall in cases compared to the counterfactual predicted (effect sizes: −0.981 and −0.74 in 2020 and 2021), signalling towards a choked mechanism of reporting. In contrast, when most mobility restrictions were removed, an increase in cases (effect sizes of +0.931 and 0.834 in 2020 and 2021) pointed to restored and enabled reporting channels. The research findings emphasise the significance of mobility as a factor in influencing the reporting and registration of missing persons and the need to ensure this continues to help families find redress.
Videonystagmography (VNG) and video head impulse test (vHIT) analysis of patients with migraine who had first episode of vertigo
Authors: Yetiser Sertac , Ince Dilay 
Published: November 2022

Objective
This study reviews the pattern of vestibular disturbance by videonystagmography (VNG) and video head impulse (vHIT) tests in patients with migraine during first attack of vertigo.

Method
Thirty-four patients with migraine (21 female, 13 male) were recruited. The main outcome measure is to analyze the spontaneous nystagmus, VNG findings, and the pattern of vHIT abnormality. Patients were grouped as those with (Group-I, 24 patients) or without (Group-II, 10 patients) spontaneous nystagmus. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA test) was used to analyze the groups.

Results
Normal vHIT responses without refixation saccades but with lower gain were detected in 10 patients (29.4%). Fourteen patients (41%) showed abnormal vHIT results either in the form of normal or low VOR gain with refixation saccades. Six patients (42%) demonstrated dysfunction of both vestibular nerves. Of the 8 patients with unilateral refixation saccades, 2 patients (25%) had involvement of both vestibular nerve divisions, 2 patients had (25%), the superior vestibular nerve, and 4 patients (50%) had inferior vestibular nerve involvement.

Conclusion
Results suggest that the peripheral vestibular system is likely affected during migraine-associated vertigo. Re-fixation saccades were detected by vHIT in nearly half of the patients (42%). However, no specific pattern has been found. Inferior vestibular nerve involvement was more frequent.
The Use of the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Nikas Ilias P , Vey Johannes A , Proctor Tanja , AlRawashdeh Mousa M , Ishak Angela , Ko Hyang Mi , Ryu Han Suk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo perform the first meta-analysis regarding the pooled risk of malignancy (ROM) of each category of the Yokohama system for reporting breast fine-needle aspiration, as well as assess the latter’s diagnostic accuracy using this new system.MethodsTwo databases were searched, followed by data extraction, study quality assessment, and statistical analysis.ResultsThe “Insufficient,” “Benign,” “Atypical,” “Suspicious,” and “Malignant” Yokohama system categories were associated with a pooled ROM of 17% (95% CI, 10%-28%), 1% (95% CI, 1%-3%), 20% (95% CI, 17%-23%), 86% (95% CI, 79%-92%), and 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%), respectively. When both “Suspicious” and “Malignant” interpretations were regarded as cytologically positive, sensitivity (SN) was 91% (95% CI, 87.6%-93.5%) and false-positive rate (FPR) was 2.33% (95% CI, 1.30-4.14%). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the pooled area under the curve was 97.3%, while the pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 564 (95% CI, 264-1,206), indicating a high level of diagnostic accuracy. When only “Malignant” interpretations were regarded as cytologically positive, the pooled FPR was lower (0.75%; 95% CI, .39%-1.42%) but at the expense of SN (76.61%; 95% CI, 70.05%-82.10%).ConclusionsDespite Yokohama’s system early success, more data would be needed to unravel the system’s value in clinical practice.
Identification and reduction of hazardous drug surface contamination through the use of a novel closed-system transfer device coupled with a point-of-care hazardous drug detection system
Authors: Brechtelsbauer Erich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeMinimizing hazardous drug (HD) contamination is critical for protecting the health of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. Alarmingly, widespread HD contamination has been documented across a variety of clinical settings. Quantitative wipe sampling presents significant time and cost barriers, resulting in routine monitoring adherence rates around 25%. Closed-system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) and qualitative point-of-care tests can be implemented to overcome these barriers.MethodsIn this study, we tested the effects of the BD PhaSeal Optima (Becton, Dickinson and Company), a recently introduced CSTD, on HD contamination at 2 chemotherapy infusion centers. Wipe samples were taken at 29 workstations at each location prior to and a year following CSTD implementation. Additionally, traditional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) analyses were compared against a novel lateral flow immunoassay HD testing device (BD HD Check; Becton, Dickinson and Company) to determine the validity of the qualitative assay.ResultsWe found a 46% reduction in HD contamination after incorporating the CSTD into clinical workflows. Across time points and sites, HD contamination reported by the BD HD Check device was 91% accurate against LCMS/MS and 98% accurate within its limits of detection.ConclusionCollectively, the evaluated CSTD and lateral flow immunoassay device may help to reduce HD contamination and provide real-time measures of contamination, respectively. As part of a multifaceted approach, these devices may help minimize barriers to routine monitoring, ultimately improving the safety of HCWs and patients.
Building a pharmacy technician structure for the future: A lesson from a multihospital academic health system
Authors: O’Neil Daniel P , Henderson Jennifer M , Gifford Hannah R , Karpinski Todd A , Kaminsky Leeann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeOver the past decade there has been increased attention on the need for highly skilled and trained pharmacy technicians; however, few best practices to assist health-system pharmacies in meeting technician workforce challenges have been identified. These challenges have been further revealed since 2019 through rising inflation, increased cost of living, and competing opportunities for skilled technical workers. This article describes an 18-hospital academic health system’s experience implementing an innovative pharmacy technician career structure focused on increasing pharmacy technician engagement as well as improving recruitment and retention.MethodsPrior to creating a new career structure, the department of pharmacy had one development track for pharmacy technicians, which included only 2 nonsupervisory job titles. Due to recruitment, retention, and employee engagement challenges, the department of pharmacy, in collaboration with the human resources department, developed a new pharmacy technician structure that included 3 pharmacy technician tracks and 4 nonsupervisory levels. Outcomes collected to determine the success of the program included pharmacy technician engagement survey scores, annual voluntary turnover rate, rolling 12-month voluntary turnover rate, monthly vacancy rate, and average years of service at termination. The monthly discharge prescription capture rate was also measured to support efforts to keep the cost of the new structure budget neutral.ConclusionThe change in career structure assisted in the improvement of each outcome identified. The close collaboration of the departments of pharmacy and human resources can lead to positive solutions of national problems and have a sustained impact on department operations.
The ‘Screw Boys’ and the ‘Businessmen’: Re-Negotiating Penal Power, Governance and Legitimate Authority Through a Prison Violence Reduction Scheme
Authors: Gooch Kate , Treadwell James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic and qualitative research, this article explores how both prisoners and staff wield authority in prison and with what effects. It combines legitimacy theory and governance theory to consider the relationship between legitimate and illegitimate governance by prisoners and officers, as well as establishing the limits of prisoner governance in remedying the deficits in State illegitimacy. It is argued that legitimate governance by prisoners (in the form of peer-support roles) must be coupled with the legitimate use of authority by prison officers to avoid the emergence, or expansion, of illegitimate prisoner governance. When this does not exist, such peer-support roles can distort the system of power and stimulate, rather than arrest, greater decline in social and moral order.
Five-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing bursectomy and omentectomy alone for resectable gastric cancer (JCOG1001)
Authors: Kurokawa Yukinori , Doki Yuichiro , Mizusawa Junki , Yoshikawa Takaki , Yamada Takanobu , Kimura Yutaka , Takiguchi Shuji , Nishida Yasunori , Fukushima Norimasa , Cho Haruhiko , Kaji Masahide , Hirao Motohiro , Sasako Mitsuru , Terashima Masanori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Bursectomy, the total resection of the bursa omentalis, is a standard procedure in gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer. A phase III trial (JCOG1001) comparing bursectomy and omentectomy alone was terminated early at the interim analysis. The final results of the updated analysis after a minimum follow-up of 5 years are reported here.

Methods
Patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach (cT3–T4a) were randomized (1 : 1) during surgery to bursectomy or omentectomy-alone groups and then underwent D2 gastrectomy. The primary endpoint was overall survival, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results
A total of 1204 patients (602 bursectomy and 602 omentectomy alone) were enrolled between June 2010 and March 2015. The bursectomy group had a significantly higher incidence of Clavien–Dindo grade III–IV intra-abdominal abscess than the omentectomy-alone group (5.5 versus 2.5 per cent respectively; P = 0.008). The updated 5-year overall survival rates were 74.9 (95 per cent c.i. 71.2 to 78.2) per cent in the bursectomy group and 76.5 (72.8 to 79.7) per cent in the omentectomy-alone group; the adjusted HR for death in the bursectomy group was 1.03 (95 per cent c.i. 0.83 to 1.27) (1-sided P = 0.598). Bursectomy did not decrease peritoneal recurrence (12.1 versus 12.3 per cent respectively; P = 1.000). In a multivariable analysis, old age (above 65 years), tumour located in the lower third or posterior wall of the stomach, macroscopic type 3/5, total gastrectomy, and cT4a were independent predictors of poor overall survival, but omentectomy alone was not.

Conclusion
In D2 gastrectomy, bursectomy is not recommended as a standard procedure for cT3–T4a gastric cancer. Registration number: UMIN000003688 (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/).
Complete mesocolic excision for right colonic cancer: prospective multicentre study
Authors: Benz Stefan R , Feder Inke S , Vollmer Saskia , Tam Yu , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Denz Robin , Hohenberger Werner , Lippert Hans , Tannapfel Andrea , Stricker Ingo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right colonic cancer is a more complex operation than standard right hemicolectomy but evidence to support its routine use is still limited. This prospective multicentre study evaluated the effect of CME on long-term survival in colorectal cancer centres in Germany (RESECTAT trial). The primary hypothesis was that 5-year disease-free survival would be higher after CME than non-CME surgery. A secondary hypothesis was that there would be improved survival of patients with a mesenteric area greater than 15 000 mm2.

Methods
Centres were asked to continue their current surgical practices. The surgery was classified as CME if the superior mesenteric vein was dissected; otherwise it was assumed that no CME had been performed. All specimens were shipped to one institution for pathological analysis and documentation. Clinical data were recorded in an established registry for quality assurance. The primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival for stages I–III. Multivariable adjustment for group allocation was planned. Using a primary hypothesis of an increase in disease-free survival from 60 to 70 per cent, a sample size of 662 patients was calculated with a 50 per cent anticipated drop-out rate.

Results
A total of 1004 patients from 53 centres were recruited for the final analysis (496 CME, 508 no CME). Most operations (88.4 per cent) were done by an open approach. Anastomotic leak occurred in 3.4 per cent in the CME and 1.8 per cent in the non-CME group. There were slightly more lymph nodes found in CME than non-CME specimens (mean 55.6 and 50.4 respectively). Positive central mesenteric nodes were detected more in non-CME than CME specimens (5.9 versus 4.0 per cent). One-fifth of patients had died at the time of study with recorded recurrences (63, 6.3 per cent), too few to calculate disease-free survival (the original primary outcome), so overall survival (not disease-specific) results are presented. Short-term and overall survival were similar in the CME and non-CME groups. Adjusted Cox regression indicated a possible benefit for overall survival with CME in stage III disease (HR 0.52, 95 per cent c.i. 0.31 to 0.85; P = 0.010) but less so for disease-free survival (HR 0.66; P = 0.068). The secondary outcome (15 000 mm2 mesenteric size) did not influence survival at any stage (removal of more mesentery did not alter survival).

Conclusion
No general benefit of CME could be established. The observation of better overall survival in stage III on unplanned exploratory analysis is of uncertain significance.
‘People Here Are Their Own Gods’: The Migration of South African Social Workers to England
Authors: Hakak Yohai , Onokah Shirley , Shishane Kwanele 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The migration of social workers has become an established trend internationally. Existing research largely ignored the impact of culture on this migration. The study presented here focused on the experiences of social workers who were trained in South Africa and migrated to England. South African-trained social workers had to adjust to significant cultural differences, ranging from the place of religion, the characteristics of the family and parenting, forms of interpersonal communication and what is considered polite and impolite behaviour. Whilst these issues have a wide societal impact, they also shape the daily reality of practising social workers. Implications for practice are discussed, and pre-migration education about the host country’s structures, a systemic induction process, mentorship and supervision with an emphasis on culture, is recommended.