bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of the ActivForce Digital Dynamometer in Assessing Shoulder Muscle Force across Different User Experience Levels
Authors: Karagiannopoulos Christos , Griech Sean , Leggin Brian 
Published: June 2022

Background Currently available hand-held dynamometers (HHD) offer a more objective and reliable assessment of muscle force production as compared to a manual muscle test (MMT). Yet, their clinical utility is limited due to high cost. The ActivForce (AF) digital dynamometer is a new low-cost HHD with unknown psychometric properties, and its utilization may benefit clinical practice. Hypothesis/Purpose This study aimed to determine the AF intra- and inter-tester reliabilities, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and criterion validity for assessing shoulder isometric force as compared to the microFET2 (MF2) across testers with different experiences. Design Descriptive observational study. Methods A convenience sample of 29 healthy adults were assessed twice by each of three testers (two experienced clinicians and a novice PT student) on shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), and forward elevation (FE) using both the AF and MF2 devices. Tester, HHD, and shoulder motion assignment orders were randomized. All testing was performed in a standardized seated position. ER and IR were tested with the shoulder fully adducted. FE was tested at 45° at the scapular plane. All testing and rest periods between testers and tested motions were standardized and monitored via a stopwatch. Results Both devices had high intra- [ ER (.95-.98), IR (.97 - .99), FE (.96 - .99)] and inter-tester [ ER (.85-.96), IR (.95 - .97), FE (.88 - .95)] intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with comparable intra- (1.68-1.80) and inter-tester (2.36-2.98) SEM, and intra- (4.64-4.97) and inter-tester (6.50-8.24) MDC values across all motions. Tester experience did not affect these values. High (.89-.93) statistically significant Pearson correlations were found between HHDs for all shoulder motions. Conclusion Both the AF and MF2 HHDs were found to have high reliability levels across all shoulder motions regardless of tester clinical experience. The AF was also found to be valid for measuring shoulder isometric force production compared to the criterion standard device, the MF2. Its low-cost and electronic accessibility features may promote better compliance for clinicians using dynamometry to objectively assess and store muscle force data in a cost-effective manner. Level of Evidence 3
Injury and Illness Incidence in 2017 Super Rugby Tournament: A Surveillance Study on a Single South African Team
Authors: Buchholtz Kim , Barnes Curt , Burgess Theresa L. 
Published: June 2022

Background Professional rugby presents significant injury and illness risks to players, which need to be regularly assessed to monitor the effects of interventions and competition rules changes. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and nature of time-loss injuries and illness during the pre-season and competition period of the 2017 Super Rugby tournament in a single South African team. Study Design Descriptive Epidemiology Study Methods Forty-five adult players were recruited from one 2017 Super Rugby South African team, with 39 included in the final data set. Daily injury and illness data were routinely collected during the season by support staff over a 28-week period (January to July 2017), based on standardized injury and illness definitions. Retrospective analyses of the data were performed. Results The incidence of match injuries (241.0 per 1000 player hours) was significantly higher than training injuries (3.3 per 1000 player hours). Twenty one percent of all injuries occurred during the tackle; 37.5% of all injuries were of a “moderate” severity. The proportion of players who sustained a time-loss injury was 76.9% (n=30). The overall incidence of illness was 1.8 per 1000 player days. Acute respiratory tract infection (28.6%) was the most common diagnosis, and the majority of illnesses (64.3%) did not result in time-loss. Conclusion This study presented a longer study period than previous research by including the pre-season training, but represented only one single team. The incidence of match injuries was significantly higher than previously reported in Super Rugby tournaments, whereas illness rates were significantly lower. Support staff in professional rugby need to be trained on the standardized Orchard System of Classifications to ensure good quality data that can be compared to other teams within the same or other sporting codes. Level of evidence Level 3
The Effect of Self-Myofascial Release on the Pennation Angle of the Vastus Medialis Oblique and the Vastus Lateralis in Athletic Male Individuals: An Ultrasound Investigation
Authors: Torrente Queenie Mae , Killingback Alban , Adds Philip J , Robertson Claire 
Published: June 2022

Background Maintenance of patellar stability requires a balance between the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL). The imbalance between these muscles is thought to be implicated in the etiology of patellofemoral pain (PFP). Where there is hypertrophy of the VL in PFP patients, self-myofascial release (SMR) may be utilized for its management. However, there is no current evidence regarding SMR and its effects on VMO and VL architecture. The aim of this study, therefore, was to use ultrasound to gain further understanding of the effects of a program of SMR on the fiber angles of the VMO and VL. Hypothesis There will be a significant decrease in the pennation angles of the VMO and VL after seven weeks of SMR using a foam roller. Study Design Cohort Study Methods Twenty-five young, athletic, male participants were recruited to use a foam roller, along the full length of both anterior thighs, three times weekly, on three separate days, for seven weeks. Ultrasound was used to determine the initial and final VMO and VL pennation angles on both limbs. One eligible participant was chosen as an intra-rater control and did not partake in the SMR regimen. Results There was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the pennation angles of the VMO and VL after the SMR regime. Mean combined right and left VL angle change was -6.65° (-18% mean change) and the mean combined right and left VMO angle change was -7.65° (-11.5% mean change). A weak negative correlation was found between initial VMO fiber angle and the angle change (Rsquared = -0.21), as well as moderate negative correlation for the VL (Rsquared = -0.51). Conclusion A program of SMR on the anterior thighs of young, asymptomatic males resulted in changes to the fiber angles of both the VMO and VL. There was a significant decrease in pennation angle after seven weeks of SMR using a foam roller.
Research Dominance Definitions May Not Identify Higher Risk Limb for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in NCAA D3 Student-Athletes
Authors: Cacolice Paul A. , Starkey Brianna E. , Carcia Christopher R. , Higgins Paul E. 
Published: June 2022

Background/Purpose Recent work has identified non-significant correlations of established limb dominance to the lower extremity (LE) at greater risk for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in an active, non-athletic sample. The most common LE dominance definition is preferred leg to kick a ball. Athletes develop a unilaterality pattern different from their active, non-athlete peers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the LE used to kick a ball with and the limb identified at greater risk of ACL injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III athletes. Design An Observational Descriptive study design Methods Forty-six student-athletes that were active on their NCAA Division III football, field hockey, volleyball, and soccer team rosters were recruited. Upon completing consent, participants performed two tasks (kicking a ball; unilateral land) in a counterbalanced order. Data were entered into and analyzed with a commercial statistical software package where a phi coefficient and Chi-squared analysis were performed. Results Of the 46 student athletes who participated (Female=32, Male=14, 19.48±1.26years, 171.75±10.47cm, 77.26±18.74kg), 25 participants kicked and landed with the same limb. Twenty participants chose kicking and landing with different limbs. The Phi Coefficient (Φ= 0.001; P= 0.97) indicated little to no relationship between the LE a participant kicked and landed with. Likewise, the Chi-square statistic revealed no statistical differences between observed and expected frequencies (χ2= 0.001; p= 0.97). Discussion/Conclusion NCAA Division III athletes display a statistical absence of preferred limb predictability utilizing the most common dominance definition (kicking a ball) as it relates to identifying LE at risk of ACL injury. The results suggest that the prevalent LE dominance definition is problematic when exploring ACL injury risk in this population.
The Concurrent Validity and Reliability of Single Leg Squat Among Physically Active Females with and without Dynamic Knee Valgus
Authors: Jamaludin Nazatul Izzati , Sahabuddin Farhah Nadhirah Aiman , Rasudin Nur Syahmina , Shaharudin Shazlin 
Published: June 2022

Background The single leg squat (SLS) motion imitates various maneuvers in sports. It is commonly used as a functional test for the lower limb. SLS with two-dimensional (2-D) video analysis is regularly performed in the clinical setting to assess dynamic knee valgus (DKV). However, 2-D video analysis may not be able to demonstrate the same level of accuracy as three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis. Purpose This study aimed to determine the within- and between-day reliability as well as the concurrent validity of 2-D and 3-D motion analysis of lower limb kinematics during 45° and 60° SLS among physically active females with and without DKV. Study Design Cross-sectional study Methods A total of 34 physically active females (17 individuals with excessive DKV and 17 without DKV) participated in the study. Their DKV was determined based on the cut-off values of knee frontal plane projection angle during drop landing. Their lower limb kinematics during SLS at 45° and 60° knee flexion were captured simultaneously by digital cameras (2-D motion capture) and infrared cameras (3-D motion capture). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used as an indicator for within- and between-day reliability tests of both groups. Bland-Altman Plot and Pearson correlation were used to examine the validity of 2-D and 3-D motion capture methods in evaluating knee valgus angle. Results Two-dimensional knee FPPA and 3-D knee angle measured during 45° and 60° SLS in normal and excessive DKV groups showed moderate to excellent within-day and between-day reliability (ICC≥ 0.50). The current study showed that the 2-D knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during 45° SLS were valid for the non-dominant leg in both groups. Additionally, the 2-D knee FPPA during 60° SLS were valid for non-dominant leg in excessive DKV group and dominant leg in normal group. Conclusion Two-dimensional knee FPPA during 45° and 60° SLS also showed high within-and between-day reliability for both groups. The validity of 2-D knee FPPA during SLS depends on the squat depth, stance leg, and presence of DKV. Level of Evidence 2B
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ безопасности России в условиях санкционного режима
Authors: Бабаев Диана Раифовна 
Published: June 2022

Цель работы. Целью статьи является выявление перспективных направлений в обеспечении национальной безопасности России и путей ее укрепления в условиях санкционного режима, способствующей рационализации структуры российского рынка, а также совершенствование методов обеспечения национальной безопасности в долгосрочной перспективе. Метод и методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются эмпирические наблюдения автора за реальным состоянием национальной безопасности в условиях санкционного режима, подкрепленные аналитическими обобщениями доступной информации. Результаты. Аналитически определено, что экономическая безопасность страны должна обеспечиваться прежде всего эффективностью самой экономики, то есть наряду с защитными мерами, осуществляемыми государством, она должна защищать сама себя на основе высокой производительности труда, качества продукции и т. д. Выявлены и обобщены показатели экономической безопасности – наиболее значимые параметры, которые характеризуют состояние экономической системы страны, ее устойчивость, потенциал роста. Решение проблемы повышения методов обеспечения национальной безопасности России предложено рассматривать с учетом развития российского и мирового рынка. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут использоваться при обосновании методов обеспечения экономической безопасности России, а также в разработке на этой основе практических рекомендаций по выбору наиболее перспективных форм и методов обеспечения национальной безопасности России в условиях санкционного режима. Выводы. Необходимо наличие политической воли государства на принятие и, что не менее важно, исполнение решений, направленных на подъем экономики, структурные преобразования, стимулирование экономического роста, повышение благосостояния народа.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ОХРАНА ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В КИТАЕ В СВЕТЕ РАЗВИТИЯ УРБАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Кузьмич Наталья Павловна 
Published: June 2022

Цель работы. В статье обозначены значительные проблемы развития и использования земельных ресурсов в Китае в связи с урбанизацией. Цель исследования состоит в анализе использования и охране земельных ресурсов в КНР, влиянии на этот процесс урбанизации. Метод и методология проведения работы. При написании статьи использованы методы анализа и синтеза, системный подход. Основой для проведения исследования послужили труды отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, посвященные проблемам использования и охраны земельных ресурсов в КНР. Результаты работы. Реформы и открытость, индустриализация и рост третичной промышленности способствовали быстрой урбанизации Китая. В связи с этим число региональных городов значительно увеличилось. Урбанизация дает возможность для развития регионального землепользования. При этом отмечается, что расширение многих городов – это непрерывный, неупорядоченный и незапланированный процесс изменения пространства. Городское давление вызвано ростом населения, мобильностью сельского и городского населения в Китае. Область применения результатов. Опыт использования земель и отношения к сельскохозяйственным землям в КНР будет интересен и актуален для российских специалистов в области землеустройства. Выводы. В настоящее время большинство городов КНР не уделяет достаточного внимания строительству экологической среды, что ведет к снижению ее качества. Большое количество сельскохозяйственных земель превращается в несельскохозяйственные земли. В связи с этим целесообразно анализировать разумные возможности города и развития экологической среды в городском строительстве, создавать рыночно-ориентированный механизм распределения земельных ресурсов для достижения цели устойчивого развития в городах КНР.
Characterizing Protein Conformational Spaces using Efficient Data Reduction and Algebraic Topology
Authors: Joshi Arpita , Haspel Nurit , González Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

Datasets representing the conformational landscapes of protein structures are high-dimensional and hence present computational challenges. Efficient and effective dimensionality reduction of these datasets is therefore paramount to our ability to analyze the conformational landscapes of proteins and extract important information regarding protein folding, conformational changes, and binding. Representing the structures with fewer attributes that capture the most variance in the data makes for a quicker and more precise analysis of these structures. In this study, we make use of dimensionality reduction methods for reducing the number of instances and for feature reduction. The reduced dataset that is obtained is then subjected to topological and quantitative analysis. In this step, we perform hierarchical clustering to obtain different sets of conformation clusters that may correspond to intermediate structures. The structures represented by these conformations are then analyzed by studying their high-dimensional topological properties to identify truly distinct conformations and holes in the conformational space that may represent high energy barriers. Our results show that the clusters closely follow known experimental results about intermediate structures as well as binding and folding events. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-SP2022-01-01 Full Text: PDF
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT JERUK MANIS SEBAGAI PEKTIN DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI
Authors: Tambunan Anugrah Yunika , Azhari Azhari , Dewi Rozanna , ZA Nasrul , Mulyawan Rizka 
Published: June 2022

Pektin merupakan salah satu kelompok karbohidrat yang larut dalam air yang terdapat pada dinding sel dan jaringan interseluler tanaman tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini bahan dasar yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pektin adalah kulit buah jeruk manis (Citrus Cinensis). Proses pembuatan pektin yang digunakan adalah proses ekstraksi padat cair, yaitu salah satu proses pembuatan pektin dengan proses transfer difusi komponen terlarut dari padatan inert kedalam pelarutnya atau dipakai untuk memisahkan analit yang ada di padatan menggunakan pelarut organik. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan pektin dari limbah kulit buah jeruk manis. Sampel kulit jeruk manis 10 gr diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut HCl dan pencucian pektin dengan etanol. Konsentrasi etanol yang digunakan adalah (0,06, 0,08, dan 0,1N) dengan suhu ekstraksi 60°C, 70°C. Serta 80°C. Hasil terbaik dengan kondisi optimum pada penelitian proses pembuatan pektin dari limbah kulit buah jeruk manis secara ekstraksi adalah pada konsentrasi 0,1 N dan suhu 80°C diperoleh rendemen 31,81 %, kadar air 1,80%, kadar metoksil 10,39% dan kadar galakturonat sebesar 86,24%..
Penerbangan otomatis pesawat tanpa awak sayap tetap menggunakan flight controller berbasis iNav
Authors: Akbar Auriza Rahmad , Imron Ali 
Published: June 2022

Pesawat tanpa awak (UAV) dapat dikendalikan secara manual dengan remote control atau secara otomatis dengan flight controller (FC). Sangat sedikit penelitian yang membahas konfigurasi penerbangan otomatis UAV sayap tetap dengan memakai firmware iNav. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penerbangan otomatis pada UAV jenis sayap tetap dengan iNav. UAV yang digunakan adalah model SkySurfer X8 dengan bentang sayap 1.40 m. FC yang digunakan adalah Matek F405-Wing. Metode penelitian ini terdiri atas lima tahap: perakitan, konfigurasi, pengujian, pengambilan dan pemrosesan data, dan analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil uji terbang, UAV berhasil terbang secara otomatis mengikuti skenario yang diberikan. Skenario terpanjang berupa persegi berukuran 600×600 m pada ketinggian 100 m, yang ditempuh dalam waktu sekitar 2 menit dengan kecepatan sekitar 65 km/jam. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa prosedur perakitan, konfigurasi, operasi, dan hasil data uji terbang diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam penelitian UAV sayap tetap menggunakan iNav.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties for Epoxy reinforced with palm oil /Zinc oxide composites
Authors: Hassana Diyar J. , Ali Nadia A. 
Published: June 2022

In this research, the effect of reinforcing epoxy resin composites with a filler derived from chopped agriculture waste from oil palm (OP). Epoxy/OP composites were formed by dispersing (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) OP filler using a high-speed mechanical stirrer utilizing a hand lay-up method. The effect of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, with an average size of 10-30 nm, with different wt% (1,2,3, and 5wt%) to the epoxy/oil palm composite, on the behavior of an epoxy/oil palm composite was studied with different ratios (1,2,3, and 5wt%) and an average size of 10-30 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and mechanical properties (tensile, impact, hardness, and wear rate) were used to examine the composites. The FTIR results show a strong interaction between ZnO and oil palm fiber and epoxy resin. Tensile strength was reduced from 22.78 MPa to 19.03 MPa for the epoxy/OP composite as the wt% of OP was increased but increased to 29.224MPa for epoxy /oil palm / 5% ZnO samples. Young modulus increased from 1.9 MPa to 4.3 MPa while elongation decreased (9.6 to 6.8 %) with the increase of wt% OP and ZnO. The impact and hardness increased for all composites between (6.94 - 10.8 KJ/m2) and between (80.8- 84.55 KJ/m2) respectively. Also, wear resistance of the epoxy/OP and epoxy/OP/ZnO samples increased with the increase of wt% OP and ZnO. This studied in order to provide a new step in the utilization of green nanoparticle fillers for sustainable and renewable structural products for biodegradability.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary BexZn1-xO Nano Thin Films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
Authors: Abed Ali l. , Hussein Mohammed T. 
Published: June 2022

Beryllium Zinc Oxide (BexZn1-xO) ternary nano thin films were deposited using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique under a vacuum condition of 10-3 torr at room temperature on glass substrates with different films thicknesses, (300, 600 and 900 nm). UV-Vis spectra study found the optical band gap for Be0.2Zn0.8O to be (3.42, 3.51 and 3.65 eV) for the (300, 600 and 900nm) film thicknesses, respectively which is larger than the value of zinc oxide ZnO (3.36eV) and smaller than that of beryllium oxide BeO (10.6eV). While the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis of ZnO, BeO and Be 0.2 Zn 0.8 O powder and nano-thin films indicated a hexagonal polycrystalline wurtzite structure. The crystal structure showed a preferential orientation line at (101). Besides the nano thin film Be0.5Zn0.5O has all orientations of ZnO and BeO. Moreover, the calculated average crystallite size for nano thin film was 16.48 nm. The surface morphology of the nano thin films investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM) showed a decrease in the average grain sizes (94.8, 79.2 and 59.4 nm) with the increase of films thickness due to quantum confinement effect.
RESULTS OF COMPARISON EVALUATION OF POTATOES TO YEILD AND ADAPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE KAMCHATKA REGION CONDITIONS
Authors: Vlasenko G. P. , Ivashchenko А. D. 
Published: June 2022

The results of the evaluation of potato varieties on ecological plasticity, stability, adaptability in conditions of a short growing season are presented. Based on the analysis, plastic varieties whose productivity varies according to changes in environmental conditions combining high yield and stability (with a regression coefficient bi ≥ 1.0) include Fresco (26,8 t/ha; bi = 1,21; Si2 = 1,42), Jubilyar (26,0 t/ha; bi = 1,1; Si2 = 0,44), Sante (28,1 t/ha; bi = 1,14; Si2 = 2,18), Evolution (28,0 t/ha, bi = 0,93; Si2 = 1,93), Severyanin (26,3 t/ha, bi = 1,0; Si2 = 1,57). The Arizona variety (bi=1,43; Si2 =6,04) of intensive type, characterized by high yield, responsiveness to changes in growing conditions, but having low stability, was isolated. Neutral varieties (bi close to zero) that react poorly to environmental changes include: early-ripening varieties - Kamensky, Baron; medium–early – Ma-yak. The medium-early varieties Irbitsky and Pamyati Rogacheva are characterized by high productivity (bi =1,46 and 1,3, respectively) and stability (Si2 = 1,38 and 0,18), but relatively low yields (22,0 and 22,5 t/ha). Based on the regression coefficient, the Belarusian Lilia variety can be called plastic (22,6 t/ha; bi= 0,92; Si2= 5,45), but at the same time it has the lowest stability index, that is, the variety depends on the conditions of the year and its behavior is unpredictable. The varieties Arizona (1,25), Evolution (1,18), Severyanin (1,10), Jubilyar (1,07) are distinguished by their high adaptability to the conditions of a short growing season with low heat supply. Potato varieties are recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the Kamchatka Territory.