bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Pediatric Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis in Rural Area of Thailand
Authors: Saengow Vitchayaporn Emarach , Bhudhisawasdi Kasama 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has a very good outcome; however, there are few reports in developing countries regarding the outcome of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We aimed to report the clinical outcome of pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the rural area of Thailand. This retrospective cohort study recruited children between the age of 1 month and 15 years with the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis admitted at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital from 1st May 2015 to 31th March 2020. Baseline characteristics and investigation were recorded. The first-line treatment was intravenous pulse methylprednisolone alone, pulse methylprednisolone plus intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), or IVIG alone. The second-line treatment was monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. The modified Rankin Scale (MRS) was used for evaluation at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after receiving first-line treatment to determine clinical outcomes. The factors that may affect the outcomes were evaluated. In total, 17 patients were recruited, with the mean age of 8 years, and 76.46% were female. 82.35% of patients developed seizures, and 52.94% turned to status epilepticus. 70.59% received first-line treatment as pulse methylprednisolone plus IVIG. 82.35% received complete follow-up at 12 months. According to MRS score, at first diagnosis 94.12% reported severe disability, at 1 month after receiving treatment, 47.06% improved to moderate–mild disability, and at 6 and 12 months, 40% and 78.57% had complete recovery, respectively. Different types of first-line and second-line treatments did not affect the clinical outcome. Comorbidity of status epilepticus affected MRS. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis has a very good prognosis; prompt diagnosis is necessary. Comorbidity as status epilepticus may affect the clinical outcome.
Oral Challenge without Penicillin Skin Tests in Children with Suspected Beta-Lactam Hypersensitivity
Authors: Atakul Gizem , Köse Seda Şirin , Atay Ozge , Boyacıoglu Ozge Kangallı , Al Serdar , Asilsoy Suna , Uzuner Nevin , Karaman Ozkan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective A misdiagnosed “penicillin allergy” is a common problem in childhood. Recently, skipping skin tests (STs) and performing a direct oral challenge test (OCT) have become an increasingly common approach in children with suspected β-lactam (BL) allergy. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OCT without using ST in children who had a history of hypersensitivity reactions with BL antibiotics.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated direct OCT outcomes in children with both nonimmediate and immediate-type reaction history with BL antibiotics. STs were not performed before the challenge test. The patients were monitored for 4 hours after the challenge and continued using the drug in two divided doses for 3 days at home.
Results In this study, 72 patients were included, with median age of 7 years (interquartile range: 4; min: 1 year to max: 16 years), and of these, 56% were male. Forty-five subjects (63%) reported immediate-type adverse reactions. The most common clinical manifestation was urticaria/angioedema (51%, n: 37) and maculopapular exanthema in 46% (n: 33) of patients, respectively. The most commonly suspected drug was 71% amoxicillin-clavulanate. A 3-day OCT without preceding ST was performed in all patients. Only three patients (4.2%) showed a positive response to the oral drug challenge test. None of these reactions observed was more severe than index reactions.
Conclusion Performing OCT without STs is a safe and convenient method to exclude BL hypersensitivity in the pediatric age group.
How to witness a drone strike
Authors: Richardson Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWitnessing is crucial to public engagement with war, but the remote violence of drones presents distinct challenges: its victims are largely invisible to Western publics; operations are cloaked in secrecy; and promises of precision targeting, accurate surveillance, and legal monitoring obscure the brutalities of the system. With so many barriers to witnessing, remote warfare tends to remain on the periphery of political debate and has not occasioned widespread resistance. Yet the means for witnessing drone warfare exist; the question is how they might be leveraged to make remote war more accessible and contestable. This article analyses the high-profile drone strike that killed 10 civilians in Kabul on 29 August 2021 to consider the limits and possibilities of witnessing drone strikes, alongside the database of conflict monitor Airwars and the aesthetic practice of the research agency Forensic Architecture. It argues that witnessing drone strikes requires assembling new conceptual techniques with long-standing practices of media witnessing and human rights testimony. It is not a manual or primer but rather maps four critical, analytical, and ethico-political trajectories demanded by the problem of how to witness a drone strike: lived experiences, violent mediations, infrastructural scales, and aesthetics.
Social and sensory influences on linguistic alignment
Authors: Hogstrom Anders , Theodore Rachel , Canfield Allison , Castelluccio Brian , Green Joshua , Irvine Christina , Eigsti Inge-Marie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that speakers adapt individual characteristics of speech production to the
social context, for example via phonetic convergence. Studies have measured the impact of social dynamics on convergence in
typical speakers, but the impact of individual differences is less well-explored. The present study measures phonetic convergence
before and after a cooperative interaction with an undergraduate student by comparing teens with a history of autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) and with typical development. Results revealed a small temporal convergence effect for typically developing dyads;
in contrast, dyads including autistic teens showed no convergence. Furthermore, the degree of convergence was negatively related
to severity of ASD symptomatology and atypical sensory profiles. While social and sensory processing abilities may play a role in
phonetic convergence, high covariance between these measures makes it difficult to differentiate their contributions in
isolation.
Rethinking the role of language in autism
Authors: Hinzen Wolfram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Linguists have long sought to draw support from developmental disorders like Williams Syndrome (WS) and Specific
Language Impairment (SLI) for linguistic theories and the modularity of language in particular. Linguistic diversity in the autism
spectrum (ASD) has received comparatively little attention from linguists. Here I argue, against recent claims to the contrary,
that language patterns in ASD do not support the modularity of language any more than WS or SLI are by now acknowledged to do.
Rather, conceptualizing the linguistic diversity in question requires integrated neurocognitive models in which language is an
inherent aspect of human-specific forms of cognition, social interaction, and communication. ASD can be seen as providing us with
important indications of how these are linked.
Semogenic variation in the construal of sayerhood in Arabic
Authors: Bardi Mohamed Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article studies projection and examines alternative modes of construing processes of saying/ speech events and the variation across three registers where projection is particularly important. It is one of many articles that describe and discuss projection as a semantic fractal manifested in a variety of lexicogrammatical environments. The first paper in this series, which was published in 2018 by Arús-Hita et al. in Word was an investigation of quoting and reporting strategies of speech and thought across six genetically unrelated languages (Arabic, Dagaare, English, Hindi, Japanese and Spanish). This paper, however, has a much narrower scope. It first looks at all participants in the verbal clause in Arabic, then it focuses on the main one – the Sayer. Since verbal projection is quite pervasive in different areas of the lexicogrammar, it only makes sense to look into these fractal motifs to have an idea about the different guises under which the Sayer appears. News reports, academic discourse and fictional narratives have been analysed to properly account for the registerial variety in construing the role of the Sayer in verbal clauses across metafunctions.
A transitivity-based exploration of a wrongful conviction for arson and murder
Authors: Bartley Leanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Well-known cases of wrongful convictions (e.g. Central Park Five, Steven Avery, Amanda Knox), although merely the tip of the iceberg, serve to highlight flaws inherent in justice systems worldwide (cf. Garrett 2011). Many innocent people are having their freedom taken away without reason. One such lesser-known, though very significant, case is that of Kristine Bunch, who was wrongfully convicted of arson and murdering her son, resulting in her wrongful imprisonment for 17 years. To examine how Kristine represents her miscarriage of justice discursively, I examine transitivity patterns (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) in a semi-structured interview with her and, in doing so, aim to create awareness of some probable key language processes in wrongful convictions more generally.
The efficacy of lexical stress diacritics on the English comprehensibility and accentedness of Korean speakers
Authors: Kim Keun , Archibald John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of lexical stress diacritics on the English comprehensibility and accentedness of Korean speakers. To this end, 30 native Korean participants read aloud 15 English sentences without diacritics in the pretest. Then, they were given explicit instructions on the production of higher pitch and extended duration as a marker of English stress with musical notation provided. In the posttest, the participants read aloud the same sentences as were in the pretest but which had diacritics indicating stress placement. In the delayed posttest, two days after the pretest and the posttest, the participants read 15 sentences without diacritics again to see if the effects of the treatment were retained. Randomized speech samples were rated by three native speakers of English in relation to comprehensibility and accentedness. Findings showed that significant improvements were observed after the treatment in both comprehensibility and accentedness.
A comparison of radar and optical remote sensing to detect cyclone-induced canopy disturbance in two subtropical forest landscapes
Authors: Peereman Jonathan , Bae Soyeon , Lin Teng-Chiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optical remote sensing is a tool frequently used to assess cyclone-induced forest disturbances. However, the frequent cloud cover limits the availability of optical data in cyclone basins. On the other hand, radar remote sensing is not affected by cloud cover and has been used to detect windthrows. Yet, the potential of radar sensing in monitoring cyclone damages of varying magnitudes across forest landscapes remains unclear. Here, we compared radar remote sensing to optical remote sensing of four cyclone disturbances in the Fushan Experimental Forest of northern Taiwan and the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico using Landsat 8 and C-band Sentinel-1 satellite data. We analyzed the change in two optical vegetation indices, EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and NDII (Normalized Difference Infrared Index), and three radar-based metrics, co- and cross-polarized backscatters (VV, VH) and their ratio (Canopy Development Index, CDI) after cyclone disturbances and during approximately the same periods of non-cyclone years. We assessed the improved temporal resolution permitted by Sentinel-1 constellation on the detection of forest canopy disturbance. Bootstrapped comparisons indicated that both optical and radar indices detected canopy change, but their correlations were not significant. Improved temporal resolution of CDI allowed to distinguish cyclone-induced canopy change from the phenological variation and even change by nearby cyclones. Although this, VV and VH backscatters responded more closely to cyclone disturbances than their ratio. Our results demonstrate that the C-band backscatter intensities can track cyclone-induced change of forest canopies, and provide an assessment of C-band capabilities to monitor cyclone disturbances.
Discovery and multi-parametric optimization of a high-affinity antibody against interleukin-25 with neutralizing activity in a mouse model of skin inflammation
Authors: Bone Ruth , Fennell Brian J , Tam Amy , Sheldon Richard , Nocka Karl , Varghese Sreeja , Chang Chew Shun , Hawerkamp Heike C , Yeow Aoife , Saunders Sean P , Hams Emily , Walsh Patrick T , Cunningham Orla , Fallon Padraic G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Interleukin (IL)25 has been implicated in tissue homeostasis at barrier surfaces and the initiation of type two inflammatory signaling in response to infection and cell injury across multiple organs. We sought to discover and engineer a high affinity neutralizing antibody and evaluate the antibody functional activity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
In this study, we generated a novel anti-IL25 antibody (22C7) and investigated the antibody’s therapeutic potential for targeting IL25 in inflammation.

Results
A novel anti-IL25 antibody (22C7) was generated with equivalent in vitro affinity and potency against the human and mouse orthologs of the cytokine. This translated into in vivo potency in an IL25-induced air pouch model where 22C7 inhibited the recruitment of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. Furthermore, 22C7 significantly reduced ear swelling, acanthosis and disease severity in the Aldara mouse model of psoriasiform skin inflammation. Given the therapeutic potential of IL25 targeting in inflammatory conditions, 22C7 was further engineered to generate a highly developable, fully human antibody while maintaining the affinity and potency of the parental molecule.

Conclusions
The generation of 22C7, an anti-IL25 antibody with efficacy in a preclinical model of skin inflammation, raises the therapeutic potential for 22C7 use in the spectrum of IL25-mediated diseases.
reComBat: batch-effect removal in large-scale multi-source gene-expression data integration
Authors: Adamer Michael F , Brüningk Sarah C , Tejada-Arranz Alejandro , Estermann Fabienne , Basler Marek , Borgwardt Karsten 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Motivation
With the steadily increasing abundance of omics data produced all over the world under vastly different experimental conditions residing in public databases, a crucial step in many data-driven bioinformatics applications is that of data integration. The challenge of batch-effect removal for entire databases lies in the large number of batches and biological variation, which can result in design matrix singularity. This problem can currently not be solved satisfactorily by any common batch-correction algorithm.

Results
We present reComBat, a regularized version of the empirical Bayes method to overcome this limitation and benchmark it against popular approaches for the harmonization of public gene-expression data (both microarray and bulkRNAsq) of the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Batch-effects are successfully mitigated while biologically meaningful gene-expression variation is retained. reComBat fills the gap in batch-correction approaches applicable to large-scale, public omics databases and opens up new avenues for data-driven analysis of complex biological processes beyond the scope of a single study.

Availability and implementation
The code is available at https://github.com/BorgwardtLab/reComBat, all data and evaluation code can be found at https://github.com/BorgwardtLab/batchCorrectionPublicData.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of burns in mainland China from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Yang Jie , Tian Guanglei , Liu Jianchao , Bai Huajuan , Yang Shuxu , Ran Mingzi , Li Hongyu , Ma Kui , Yang Siming , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Burn injuries place a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. However, there is still a lack of nationwide studies on the epidemiological characteristics of burn patients in mainland China. The present study aims to accurately analyze the clinical characteristics of burn patients by collecting data in mainland China from 2009 to 2018, which will provide effective strategies for healthcare systems and the government in mainland China.

Methods
Patients admitted for burn injuries to 196 hospitals in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China from 2009 to 2018 were included. The data collected included sex, age, month distribution, etiology, region, clinical outcome, injury anatomical location, total burn surface area and mortality. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results
From 2009 to 2018, the burn patients were 333,995 (0.76%), which included 222,480 (66.61%) males and 111,515 (33.39%) females. From 2009 to 2018, the number of individuals admitted to hospitals for burns showed a downward trend year by year. The burn patients accounted for the highest proportion of inpatients in 0–10 years (38.10%), followed by 40–50 years (13.14%). The highest cure ratio of burn inpatients was in the 20–30 age group (31 394, 71.53%). Among 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the province with the highest proportion of total inpatients caused by burns was Inner Mongolia (4.61%), followed by Zhejiang (3.17%), Hainan (2.88%) and Xinjiang (2.64%). Summer (29.16%) was the season with the highest incidence of burn patients admitted to hospitals, followed by spring (25.6%). Scalding (60.19%) was the most frequent kind of burn treated, followed by fire (20.45%). The patients had multiple burn sites (68.89%) most often, followed by burns on the lower limbs (10.91%). From 0% to 10% total body surface area (TBSA) accounted for the highest ratio (37.19%), followed by 90–100% TBSA (21.74%).

Conclusions
The present study is the first to describe the associated situation and trends of burn patients in mainland China from 2009 to 2018. Our findings will serve as the latest clinical evidence for healthcare planning and prevention efforts in China and other countries.
Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal and gastric cancer under the Chinese multi-site practice policy: admittance standards of competence are needed
Authors: Cai Zhenghao , Song Haiqin , Huang Zhenfeng , Fingerhut Abraham , Xu Ximo , Zhong Hao , Li Zhigang , Zhang Yingjie , Sha Dachong , Bao Dandan , Wang Haibo , Cai Binghua , Hua Shangbo , Zhang Yanhui , Sun Jianguang , Ye Ke , Li Jianwen , Lu Yong , Feng Bo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The multi-site practice (MSP) policy has been practiced in China over 10 years. This study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of performing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer (LSCRC) and gastric cancer (LSGC) under the Chinese MSP policy.

Methods
We collected and analysed the data from 1,081 patients who underwent LSCRC or LSGC performed by one gastrointestinal surgeon in his original hospital (n = 573) and his MSP institutions (n = 508) between January 2017 and December 2020. Baseline demographics, intraoperative outcomes, post-operative recovery, and pathological results were compared between the original hospital and MSP institutions, as well as between MSP institutions with and without specific competence (surgical skill, operative instrument, perioperative multi-discipline team).

Results
In our study, 690 patients underwent LSCRC and 391 patients underwent LSGC. The prevalence of post-operative complications was comparable for LSCRC (11.5% vs 11.1%, P = 0.89) or LSGC (15.2% vs 12.6%, P = 0.46) between the original hospital and MSP institutions. However, patients in MSP institutions without qualified surgical assistant(s) and adequate instruments experienced longer operative time and greater intraoperative blood loss. The proportion of patients with inadequate lymph-node yield was significantly higher in MSP institutions than in the original hospital for both LSCRC (11.5% vs 21.2%, P &lt; 0.01) and LSGC (9.8% vs 20.5%, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
For an experienced gastrointestinal surgeon, performing LSCRC and LSGC outside his original hospital under the MSP policy is safe and feasible, but relies on the precondition that the MSP institutions are equipped with qualified surgical skills, adequate operative instruments, and complete perioperative management.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Anhydrous Ammonia Burns: Two Case Reports
Authors: Heng Xue , Yuan Zhiqiang , Xiang Fei , Luo Qizhi , Yang Lei , Peng Yizhi , Luo Gaoxing , Li Haisheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acute anhydrous ammonia burns are relatively rare but lethal and often occur as a mass occupational incident worldwide. Anhydrous ammonia mainly leads to severe inhalation injury and skin/mucosa wound because of its high water solubility and strong alkalinity. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by inhalation injury is the main cause of death. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also known as extracorporeal life support, has been recommended as the salvage treatment for severe ARDS based on low-level evidence. However, the application of ECMO in ammonia burns is still limited. Here, we presented two cases of anhydrous ammonia burn patients, one 62-year-old man with 15% total body surface area (TBSA) and one 47-year-old man with 27% TBSA, accompanying severe inhalation injury. They both developed severe ARDS and started vv ECMO on 3, 6, and 15 days after injury, respectively. ECMO lasted 118, 247, and 72 h, respectively. All ECMO were successfully weaned off although only one patient survived. Meanwhile, one patient had the coagulopathy complication of ECMO, mainly bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, and hemolysis. In conclusion, this report provided evidence for use of ECMO as supportive care in ammonia burn patients with severe ARDS.
An abdominal ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization: a rare case report
Authors: Alhajjeh Martha , Jomaa Sami , Kanj Razan , Al Halabi Nahed , Adwan Dema 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A significant rise in the incidence of abdominal pregnancy has been reported following in vitro fertilization techniques. Herein, we present a healthy 30-year-old woman, primigravida, conceived through in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer for male factor infertility. Six weeks later, she reported abdominal pain and discomfort. Ultrasonography revealed an empty uterus and a heterogenic abdominal mass in the anterior aspect of the uterus with normal adnexa. Computed tomography scan revealed a mass outside the uterus measuring 11 × 8 cm. Under general anesthesia, laparotomy exposed a gestational sac implanted outside the uterus on the anterior abdominal wall and contained an unviable fetus. Blood clots and pieces of placental tissue were also noticed. The patient had an uneventful course of recovery and was discharged after six days. Therefore, abdominal ectopic pregnancy must be considered in all patients with vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain who have undergone assisted reproductive technology.