bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experts' Opinions Progress and Trends in the Surgical Management of Breast Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chia-Hua , Hung Chih-Chiang , Liao Guo-Shiou , Chang Chuan-Hsun , Wu Cheng-Chung 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Radical mastectomy was first described by Halsted almost 130 years ago, and has been applied as a treatment strategy in Taiwan since the middle of the 20th century. However, due to the development of nonsurgical treatment modalities, the management of breast cancer has undergone tremendous change. This study examined Taiwanese publications between 1965 and 2020 to identify trends in the surgical management of breast cancer.

Data Sources:
We searched for papers published by authors from the Taiwan Breast Cancer Society and 18 tertiary referral medical centers in Taiwan.

Study Selection:
After excluding papers completely unrelated to surgery, there were 50 English language articles and 5 Chinese language articles available for historical review.

Results:
This nationwide survey of breast cancer over the past 40 years revealed the following trends in surgical management. (1) As detection rates of early-stage breast cancer increased, the amount of removed breast tissue decreased, with a corresponding reduction in percentage of total mastectomy. (2) Axillary sentinel node biopsy should be routinely performed in early breast cancer rather than axillary lymph node dissection without lymph node metastasis. (3) Since the development of gonadotropin antagonist, bilateral oophorectomy is no longer needed in the early stage in premenopausal population. Further pregnancy is allowed if the cancer is well controlled. (4) Breast reconstruction may be recommended, depending on the patients' preference, after total mastectomy for malignancy.

Conclusion:
Although this review of the literature may not be complete, the trends revealed in our analysis indicate that surgical management of breast cancer has become more patient-friendly, humanistic, and feasible in Taiwan. Currently, breast cancer may not have a poor outcome if the tumor can be detected at an earlier stage.
Does harvesting cancellous bone destabilize cervical spine in cervical interbody fusion? A prospective clinicoradiological analysis
Authors: Parthiban J. K. B. C. , Ali Sheena 
Published: May 2022

Background:
To analyse the effect of graft harvesting from adjacent vertebral bodies in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of harvesting bone graft from adjacent vertebral bodies on cervical spine stability, vertebral segment height, and cervical lordosis in single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Material and Methods:
Thirty patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy were operated on using adjacent corticocancellous bone graft (ACBG) technique. In this technique, autologous cancellous bone is harvested from adjacent vertebral bodies and packed in the intervertebral body cage and the cavities in vertebral bodies are filled with tricalcium phosphate granules. Radiological studies with X-rays of the cervical spine were taken in lateral views preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and during follow-up periods at intervals of 3-month duration, namely 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and at the end of 2 years postoperatively. Studies undertaken were – degree of fusion using modified Bridewell's formula, disc space settlement using Indigenous method, and vertebral segment height and lordotic angle using Cobb's angle.

Results:
Satisfactory bony fusion was seen achieved in all patients at the end of 1 year. Although the settlement of disc space was appreciated, vertebral segment height remained increased at the end of 1 year. Cervical lordosis increased over a period of time during fusion process. The average preoperative Cobb's angle of 15.61° ± 1.81° improved to 20° ± 1.37°degrees at the end of 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Harvesting bone from adjacent cervical vertebrae does not weaken spinal segment and the fear and skepticism that prevailed over the years are false. ACBG technique is a potential alternative to other existing techniques in ACDF.
Pediatric Lung Ultrasound (PLUS) in the diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization
Authors: Talwar Neetu , Manik Lucky , Chugh Krishan 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In childhood pneumonia, pediatric lung ultrasound (PLUS) is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic alternative to chest X-ray (CXR). However, there is a paucity of literature on this in India. We set out to compare the diagnostic accuracy of PLUS and CXR in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Setting and Design:
Prospective, observational study (June 2017–September 2019) at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
Hospitalized children of CAP (3 months–18 years) were included after taking informed, written consent. Hemodynamic instability, asthma, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, and malignancy cases were excluded. CXR (frontal view) and PLUS were done within 6 h of each other and within 24 h of hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.

Results:
Out of 612 consecutive, hospitalized respiratory cases, 261 were recruited. CAP was diagnosed clinically in 148 (56.7%) patients [95 boys (64.19%), mean age in years ± SDL: 4.31 ± 4.41]. Abnormal PLUS was present in 141 (95.27%) and abnormal CXR in 128 (86.48%) patients. In radiologically diagnosed pneumonia, PLUS was detected in 123 [123/128 (96.09%)] children, and when CXR was normal, PLUS was abnormal in 18 [18/20 (90%)]. PLUS showed a sensitivity of 95.27% (95% CI: 90.50–98.08) and a specificity of 92.90% (95% CI: 86.53–96.89). CXR showed a sensitivity of 86.49% (95% CI: 79.9–91.55) and a specificity of 90.27% (95% CI: 83.25–95.04).

Conclusions:
PLUS is a sensitive, specific test and can be considered as the preferred investigation before CXR in children hospitalized with CAP.
Role of inhaled antibiotics in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: Experience from the tertiary care center
Authors: Aziz Danish Abdul , Abbas Aiza , Alam Anusha , Aziz Namrah 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains under-diagnosed in Pakistan. CF population has increased tendency for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection and it is one of the leading causes of mortality. Utilizing inhaled antibiotics (IAs) for the treatment of Pa infection has been well established in the literature. There is limited data available on CF in Pakistan, especially regarding the efficacy of IAs. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of IAs on Pa infection in children and adolescents with CF.

Methodology:
CF patients enrolled between January 2012 and December 2019 were selected as part of this retrospective cohort study. CF patients from 2 to 18 years of age who cultured Pa on any respiratory sample and who had never been Pa-free in at least two sputum cultures in the previous 12 months were included. Patients were divided into an IA group and a noninhaled antibiotic (NIA) group based on the treatment they received. Follow-up was done between 3 and 6 months posttherapy on Pseudomonas growth in the sputum. The number of pulmonary exacerbations were documented for 6 months follow-up.

Results:
Eighty-one children with CF were enrolled during the study period, of which 39 were in the IA group and 42 were in the NIA group. There was no significant difference in their demographics and initial clinical characteristics. The mean pulmonary exacerbations after 6 months were lower in the IA group as compared to the NIA group (1.102 ± 0.50 vs. 2.45 ± 0.89: P = 0.001). Follow-up between 3 and 6 months showed greater Pseudomonas colonization in the IA group versus the NIA group (53.84% vs. 92.85%: P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
IAs in combination with airway clearance therapy and oral or IV antibiotics are an effective regimen for children with CF.
Prevalence and health status of COPD in rural West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Rupak Kumar , Saha Dipanjan , Sarma Madan , Bhattacharyya Pallav , Majumdar Saibal , Chowdhury Abhijit , Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Understanding the spirometry-based prevalence with concomitant assessment of the health status is important to appreciate the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-scenario in a geographic area. There is hardly any such rural data available from the developing world.

Methods:
We screened the adult population (>40 but <75 years) of seven villages in two different blocks of Birbhum district, West Bengal, for the presence respiratory symptoms (active or historical within 1 year). Those screened positive were tested with spirometry to diagnose COPD on having post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7. The COPD subjects were then applied with COPD assessment test (CAT).

Results:
Out of 6255 subjects residing in the villages, 1984 subjects belonged to the target age group and 51.56% (1013 of 1984) of them qualified for spirometry which was possible in 953 (88.81%) of them. COPD was identified in 166 (16.36%) of symptomatic individuals. The calculated prevalence of COPD was 2.65% in overall population and 8.367% in population above 40 years. The COPD patients (mean age 59.77 ± 9.47 years) had a male preponderance (120 [72.29%] of 166). They were mostly malnourished (body mass index = 17.15 ± 2.97), with poorhealth status (CAT = 15) and moderate degree (GOLD category-II) of airflow limitation showing FEV1/FVC as 0.60 ± 0.07 and the mean post bronchodilator FEV1 as 52% of predicted (1.26 ± 0.42 L). Most of the sufferers (74.09%) were either active (n = 88) or ex-smokers (n = 35) (>10 pack-years). The nonsmokers constituted 25, 90% (n = 43).

Conclusion:
The rural COPD prevalence in Bengal is far higher than the estimated national average with the health status of the sufferers been poor.
Impact of various hematological and biochemical parameters on mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A single-center study from North India
Authors: Ghosh Tamoghna , Dwivedi Tanima , Agarwal Harsh , Iyer Hariharan , Tiwari Pawan , Mittal Saurabh , Gupta Ritu , Bhatnagar Sushma , Vig Saurabh , Mohan Anant 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic, affecting more than 90 million people and more than 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Despite extensive study, the prognostic role of various hematological and biochemical parameters remains unclear.

Methods:
This study was carried out at a COVID care facility in Delhi. The demographic and clinical information, laboratory parameters (hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory), and the treatment of admitted COVID-19 patients during first wave were collected from electronic medical records and were subsequently analyzed.

Results:
Between March 2020 and November 2020, a total of 5574 patients were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. Majority (77.2%) were male and had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 38.9 (14.9) years. The mean (SD) duration of hospital stay was significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Out of the entire cohort, 8.7% of the patients had comorbidities, whereas 47.1% of the patients were asymptomatic at presentation. Compared to the survivors, the nonsurvivors had a significantly higher proportion of comorbidities and were more likely to be symptomatic. Patients who died during hospital stay had significantly higher relative neutrophil percent and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and lower lymphocyte percent. The patients who died had significantly higher levels of ferritin, D-dimer, and fibrinogen.

Conclusions:
Analysis of various hematological and inflammatory parameters can provide useful prognostic information among COVID-19-affected patients. It can also help in identifying patients who merit aggressive institutional care and thereby potentially mitigate the mortality.
COVID-19 Associated Acute Kidney Injury in the Second Wave of Pandemic in India
Authors: Banerjee Subho , Dave Ruchir , Meshram Hari Shankar , Chauhan Sanshriti , Kute Vivek B. , Patel Himanshu V , Desai Sudeep , Tambi Priyash , Shah Nauka , Shah Akash 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is understudied, especially after the initial pandemic wave and in South East Asian Region.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-center retrospective cohort of 856 hospitalized COVID-19 cases between March 26, 2021, and June 7, 2021 in India to study the spectrum of AKI in COVID-19. The primary outcome was to analyze predictors of AKI. Other secondary outcome measured was mortality in AKI.

Results:
The incidence of AKI was 38.1%. The incidence of hemodialysis requirement was 3.5%. The proportion of AKI I, II, and III was 80.2%, 8.2%, and 11.6%, respectively. The mortality in AKI was statistically significantly higher than in non-AKI compared to AKI. Among the laboratory markers, the highest area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operator curve was reached for red cell distribution width [AUC = 0.77 (0.73–0.81); P < 0.01]. The predictors for AKI calculated by multivariable logistic regression model in the cohort were obesity (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.2 (1.08–9.73); P = 0.04) and baseline European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG ≥ 3) (HR = 3.4 (1.77–6.69); P < 0.01). Similarly, the risk factors for developing AKI III included male sex (HR = 1.33 (1.05–1.68); P = 0.02) and ECOG ≥ 3 (HR = 1.5 [1.18–1.9]; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The incidence of AKI is high in hospitalized patients in the COVID-19 second wave. The mortality associated with AKI remains high. The comorbidity burden was not linked with AKI.
Evaluation of the effect of combined Z-tenotomy and conventional recession of the lateral rectus for correction of comitant exotropia
Authors: Ghalab Nagat M.A. , Shafik Heba M. , Arafa El Sayed S. , Ali Ahmed L. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Strabismus is a frequent ocular condition seen in optometry and ophthalmology clinics. In the United States, 3–5% of children are affected, with 126 400 new instances being reported each year.

Aim
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Z-tenotomy of lateral rectus when combined with conventional recession for correction of exotropia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, institutional clinical trial study that included 40 patients and took place at the Ophthalmology Department of Tanta University Hospital.

Results
The research was completed on 40 patients at any age and moderate-angle to large-angle comitant exotropia without any vertical deviations and who met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into four groups: group A patients had exotropia of angle of 20–30 prism diopters (PD), where one lateral rectus muscle was recessed 7–8 mm; group B patients had exotropia of angle of above 30–40 PD+where one lateral rectus was recessed 7–8 mm combined with Z-tenotomy; group C patients had exotropia of angle of above 40–50 PD, where both lateral rectus were recessed 7–8 mm, and group D patients had exotropia of angle of above 50–70 PD where both lateral rectus were recessed 7–8 mm combined with Z-tenotomy.

Conclusion
Z-tenotomy of lateral rectus combined with conventional recession 7–8 mm procedure appears to have augmented the effect of recession procedure while avoiding the risk of limiting ductions in the field of recessed muscle.
Relationship between vitamin D and autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Gharbiya Governorate
Authors: El Shazly Hagar N. , Shalaby Khaled H. , Mohammed Wesam S. , Ebrahim Ingy Abd El Wahab 
Published: May 2022

Background
There are many reports about the association between low vitamin D (vit D) level and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Several researches have shown that supplementing vit D suppresses the autoimmune reaction reducing the level of thyroid autoantibodies.

Aim
The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Patients and methods
This case–control study was conducted on 60 cases that were divided into two groups. Group A included 30 healthy cases serving as the control group and group B included 30 patients with known HT. Laboratory investigations including serum concentration of 25(OH)D3, serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Ph), total and free T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroid peroxidase, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were done.

Results
Serum 25 (OH)D3 was significantly lower in HT patients compared with healthy controls. The incidence of 25(OH)D3 deficiency was increased in those patients. Comparison between the patient and control groups regarding serum Ca and serum Ph levels were statistically nonsignificant. Higher TSH, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein with lower serum T3, free T3, and free T4 levels were significantly higher with HT. Antithyroid peroxidase was elevated in all HT patients. Anti-thyroglobulin was elevated in all HT cases. There was a significant negative correlation between vit D level and the TSH and a significant positive correlation between vit D level and the Ca.

Conclusion
In HT patients, vitamin D deficiency is common, suggesting its role in developing the disease.
Prevalence and risk factors for vascular access infection among chronic hemodialysis patients in Al-Gharbia Governerate, Egypt
Authors: Alshahat Eman A. , Alnaghy Wageh S. , Taha Atef M. , Okda Hanaa I. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Chronic hemodialysis patients are at considerably high risk for vascular access-related blood stream infections that may be associated with serious complications. Infections are more frequent with central venous catheters and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts than with arteriovenous fistula.

Aim
We aim to evaluate the prevalence of vascular access infection among hemodialysis patients, risk factors, common causative microorganisms and their antibiotics sensitivity.

Patients and method
This cross-sectional study included 720 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis recruited from six hemodialysis centers in Al-Gharbia Governorate from June 2019 to June 2020.

Results
The prevalence of vascular access infection was 27.77%. Sex, old age, and diabetes mellitus had a significant statistical association. Temporary catheters recorded the highest infection rate. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common organisms in 57.5% of cases, Gram negative in 39.5% while candida albicans in only 3% of the cases. The antibiotic sensitivity was higher to amikacin and imipenem.

Conclusion
Creation of native arteriovenous fistula is highly recommended to avoid catheter-related blood stream infections and their complications. Strict adherence to antiseptic measures and use of a rational antibiotic policy for the early diagnosis and better management of hemodialysis vascular access site infection is important.
American triatomine species occurrences: updates and novelties in the DataTri database
Authors: Ceccarelli Soledad , Balsalobre Agustín , Vicente María Eugenia , Curtis-Robles Rachel , Hamer Sarah A. , Ayala Landa José Manuel , Rabinovich Jorge E. , Marti Gerardo A. 
Published: May 2022

The causative agent of Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) is transmitted to mammals, including humans, mainly by insect vectors of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Also known as “kissing bugs”, the subfamily currently includes 157 validated species (154 extant and three extinct), in 18 genera and five tribes. Here, we present a subdataset (7852 records) of American triatomine occurrences; an update to the most complete and integrated database available to date at a continental scale. New georeferenced records were obtained from a systematic review of published literature and colleague-provided data. New data correspond to 101 species and 14 genera from 22 American countries between 1935 and 2022. The most important novelties refer to (i) the inclusion of new species, (ii) synonymies and formal transferals of species, and (iii) temporal and geographical species records updates. These data will be a useful contribution to entomological surveillance implicated in Chagas disease.
Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Pendidikan Transisi Pasca Sekolah Anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme SLB Autisma YPPA Padang
Authors: Syafrina Meldia , Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan dukungan orang tua terhadap pendidikan transisi pasca sekolah bagi anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme di SLB Autisma YPPA Padang. Metode deskriptif digunakan dalam menggambarkan secara sistematis terhadap fakta dan subjek yang diteliti secara tepat. Subjek penelitian adalah orang tua anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme di SLB Autisma YPPA Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masing-masing orang tua yang memiliki anak GSA memberikan dukungan terhadap pendidikan transisi pasca sekolah melalui program-program yang dilaksanakan disekokah. Diantaranya, dukungan emosional orang tua berupa empati, perhatian dan kasih sayang terhadap anak. Dukungan instrumental berupa fasilitas, sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan anak. Dukungan otonom dengan memberikan arahan, nasehat serta solusi, serta penghargaan terhadap anak.
Movilización completa del ángulo esplénico del colon. Simulación en modelo cadavérico aplicada al abordaje quirúrgico
Authors: Chinelli Javier , Olivera Eduardo , Rodriguez Gustavo 
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La movilización completa del ángulo esplénico (AE) es una técnica compleja, con una lenta curva de aprendizaje.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio anatómico del ángulo esplénico así como de sus posibles vías de abordaje en modelo simulado cadavérico y se describe la técnica quirúrgica por abordaje medial laparoscópico.
Resultados: Se lograron identificar 5 vías de abordaje: anterior trans-omental, anterior, lateral, medial infra-mesocólica y medial trans-mesocólica. Se describen en un modelo cadavérico las estructuras ligamentarias de fijación identificadas, la anatomía vascular del ángulo esplénico y sus principales relaciones anatómicas.
Discusión: El cirujano debe conocer la anatomía, relaciones y vías de abordaje del ángulo esplénico. Mediante simulación cadavérica hemos logrado reproducir un modelo previamente validado de enseñanza y entrenamiento de la técnica para su movilización completa.
Conclusiones: El modelo cadavérico de simulación para la movilización del ángulo esplénico es una herramienta útil aplicada a la práctica quirúrgica.
Arquitectura y Revolución Industrial
Authors: Cuauhtémoc Robles Cairo , Marcela Calderón Aguilera Claudia 
Published: May 2022

La Revolución Industrial transformó sustancialmente el ámbito de la edificación y con ello el devenir de la historia arquitectónica, esto mediante la incorporación de materiales como el hierro y el vidrio, así como con la aplicación de sistemas prefabricados que en menos tiempo,facilitaron la construcción de grandes obras que dieron cobijo a las necesidades de las nuevas sociedades industrializadas de todo el mundo, particularmente de Europa y de Estados Unidos de América. Diversas tipologías como el puente, la estación, el mercado, la biblioteca, aprovecharon la posibilidad de poder cubrir grandes claros y se dio un salto cuantitativo como no había ocurrido siglos atrás; surgió igualmente una nueva tipología, el pabellón de exposición que históricamente ha aportado grandes proezas a la historia de la arquitectura. Se presenta un análisis descriptivo de este fenómeno desde sus orígenes, su evolución en el tiempo desde las primeras manifestaciones hibridas entre tecnología e historicismo hasta las edificaciones donde se adoptó una estética totalmente industrial a través de ejemplos paradigmáticos que sembraran una vertiente devanguardia que dio posteriormente paso a la consecución de una arquitectura moderna en el siglo XX.