bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of optic gland pathways to thermal stress in the reproductive phase of female Octopus maya
Authors: Domínguez-Estrada Alison , Galindo-Sánchez Clara E , Ventura-López Claudia , Rosas Carlos , Juárez Oscar E 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The octopus optic glands are the source of multiple signalling molecules that control the transitions through different physiological stages, such as maturation, ageing and death. This study focused on the role of the optic glands during the reproductive phase of Octopus maya, investigating the molecular mechanisms that prevent reproduction at elevated temperatures. RNA sequencing was used to analyse and compare optic gland transcriptomic profiles of female O. maya before, during and after egg-laying under optimal and thermal stress (elevated temperature) conditions. Each stage showed well-defined transcriptomic patterns, and all were strongly affected by thermal stress. At optimal temperature, the optic glands contribute importantly to regulating the energetic balance, as suggested by the expression of genes that modulate the metabolic rate, arterial blood pressure and the management of ATP sources in response to food deprivation. At elevated temperatures, the optic glands of mated females (before egg-laying) showed upregulation of genes encoding neuropeptides (FMRF-amide, APGW-amide, PRQFV-amide, FCAP, buccalin and myomodulin) and the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene. During egg-laying at elevated temperatures, the neuropeptide receptor capaR and the sex peptide receptor were upregulated whereas homologs of fetuin-B and oviduct-specific glycoprotein genes, crucial for fertilization, were downregulated. These changes in optic gland gene expression in O. maya may be the basis for the high-temperature inhibition of egg-laying, previously observed from this octopus species. Furthermore, after egg-laying, during egg incubation thermal stress affected the expression of genes involved in steroid and thyroid hormone biosynthesis and in inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
Examination of Common Coronavirus Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2-Infected and Uninfected Participants in a Household Transmission Investigation
Authors: Stumpf Megan M , Freeman Brandi , Mills Lisa , Lester Sandra , Chu Victoria T , Kirking Hannah L , Thornburg Natalie J , Killerby Marie E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We compared paired serum specimens from household contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases with detectable SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion with contacts who remained seronegative. No protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with human coronavirus antibodies; however, an increase in common betacoronavirus antibodies was associated with seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in mild to moderately ill cases.
Factors Leading to Successful Performance on U.S. National Licensure Exams for Medical Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jeyaraju Maniraj , Linford Henry , Bosco Mendes Thiago , Caufield-Noll Christine , Tackett Sean 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To synthesize the evidence of the factors leading to successful performance on knowledge-based national licensure exams (NLEs) for medical students.

Method
The authors conducted a scoping review to summarize the peer-reviewed empiric literature that used United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 or Step 2 Clinical Knowledge or Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX) Level 1 or Level 2 Cognitive Evaluation scores as outcomes. The authors searched PubMed and Scopus without date restrictions through April 30, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies for inclusion. Data were summarized narratively and with descriptive statistics.

Results
The authors screened 1,185 unique citations and included 233 full-text studies in their review. Of these, 201 (86%) were studies of USMLE exams, 31 (13%) were studies of COMLEX exams, and 1 (0.4%) reported on both. The authors classified 29 studies (12%) as informing NLE preparation, 163 (70%) as attempting to identify predictive variables, and 76 (33%) as using NLE scores for program evaluation. Preparation studies found that the number of practice test items, practice exam scores, and less time in dedicated preparation correlated with higher NLE scores. Use of other commercial resources or study strategies was not consistently associated with higher scores. Predictive studies found the strongest relationships between individuals’ performance on past assessments and their NLE scores.

Conclusions
The factors leading to successful performance on knowledge-based NLEs align with well-known principles from the cognitive sciences. Learners build on existing foundations of knowledge (reflected in their prior academic performance) and are likely to learn more efficiently with testing and spaced learning over time. While commercial test preparation resources are ubiquitous, there is no evidence that a single resource gives students a competitive advantage on NLEs. Developing habits of regular and continuous learning is necessary for clinical practice and successful NLE performance.
Orthopaedic Surgery Pediatric Sports Medicine: Characterizing Practice Patterns and Subspecialization
Authors: Block Andrew M. , Eisenberg Matthew T. , Ellis Henry B. , Crepeau Allison E. , Schmitz Matthew R. , Carsen Sasha ,   PRiSM Hip RIG, Nepple Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Pediatric sports medicine is a new and rapidly growing subspecialty within orthopaedic surgery. However, there is very limited literature on the practice of pediatric sports medicine in North America. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and describe the current practice patterns of orthopaedic surgeons specializing in pediatric sports medicine.

Methods:
An online survey was distributed to orthopaedic surgeons specializing in pediatric sports medicine through the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine Society. The purpose of the survey was to characterize (1) surgeon demographics, (2) the breakdown of different joint specialization, and (3) the specific procedures for joints that the surgeons specialize in.

Results:
Responses from 55 orthopaedic surgeons were collected and analyzed. Most respondents considered pediatric sports medicine as the primary focus of their practice (89.1%, n=49/55). The number of fellowships completed was almost evenly split between either a single fellowship (52.7%, n=29/55) or 2 or more (47.3%, n=26/55). The most common combination of fellowships was pediatric orthopaedics and adult sports medicine (32.7%, n=18/55). Most survey respondents had been in practice for <10 years (69.0%, n=38/55) and were affiliated with an academic center (61.8%, n=34/55). On average, 77.5% of the patients treated were <18 years old. The knee joint was the most specialized joint, with 98.2% (n=54/55) respondents reporting that the knee joint constituted ≥25% of their practice. The knee joint constituted a mean of 52.1% of the respondents’ overall practice, followed by the shoulder (15.2%), hip (13.9%), ankle (7.5%), elbow (7.1%), and wrist (4.2%).

Conclusions:
Pediatric sports medicine practices are variable and have distinct practice patterns in pediatric, orthopaedic, and adult sports practices. In the current study, most surgeons are less than 10 years into practice, affiliated with academic centers, and have typically completed either 1 or 2 fellowships after residency. Surgeons were most commonly specialized in the knee joint and cared for patients <18 years old.

Level of Evidence:
Level of evidence IV.
Spinal Cord Injury: The Global Incidence, Prevalence, and Disability From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Ding Weizhong , Hu Shian , Wang Pengju , Kang Honglei , Peng Renpeng , Dong Yimin , Li Feng 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The authors aimed to estimate the incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of spinal cord injury (SCI) by location, sex, age, injury site and socio-demographic index (SDI) based on the data of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019.

Summary of Background Data.
GBD 2019 estimates the burden of 369 diseases and injuries worldwide in 2019 and the temporal trends in the past 30 years. SCI is estimated as a result of injury from various causes.

Methods.
A Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR2.1, was used to produce the estimates. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated based on a linear regression mode of the age standardized rates and the calendar year to represent the temporal trends of the age standardized rates. Spearman rank order correlation was used to determine the correlation between SDI and the incidence and burden of SCI.

Results.
Globally, there were 0.9 [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 0.7 to 1.2] million incident cases, 20.6 (95% UI, 18.9–23.6) million prevalent cases and 6.2 (95% UI, 4.5–8.2) million YLDs of total SCI in 2019. The ASPR increased (EAPC, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, −0.01 to 0.2), while the age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (EAPC, −0.08; 95% UI, −0.24 to 0.09) and age standardized YLD rate (ASYR) (EAPC, −0.08; 95% confidence interval, −0.24 to 0.09) decreased. Males had higher ASIR and ASYR, and the rate of incidence, prevalence and YLD increased with age. Spinal injuries at neck level caused higher ASYR than injuries below neck level. A positive correlation existed between SDI and ASIR (ρ=0.1626, P<0.05), while a negative correlation was observed between SDI and EAPC of ASYR (ρ=−0.2421, P<0.01).

Conclusion.
Conclusively, the incidence and burden of SCI has increased over the last 30 years. Males and the elderly were affected to a greater degree than females and younger individuals.

Level of Evidence.
Level III.
Safety and Efficacy of Transform for Noninvasive Lipolysis and Circumference Reduction of the Abdomen
Authors: Novak Matthew , Weir David , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Noninvasive body contouring has seen a precipitous rise in popularity since its advent in the early 2000s. With this rise in popularity, there has been an expansion in the types and number of noninvasive devices for muscle hypertrophy and fat lipolysis. The Transform radiofrequency and electrical muscle stimulation device is a newly introduced device for noninvasive abdominal body contouring. The present study is a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of the Transform device on abdominal circumference. Fifteen patients were enrolled and received three treatment sessions with the Transform device. On average, patients saw changes in abdominal circumference (−0.43 cm, P = 0.48), caliper pinch thickness (−6.07 mm, P = 0.0036), and ultrasound fat thickness (−5.40 mm, P < 0.001) at 3 months posttreatment with minimal discomfort and high patient satisfaction. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the Transform device is a safe and effective noninvasive option for fat lipolysis and muscular hypertrophy.
The Safety of Same-day Discharge after Immediate Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marxen Troy , Shauly Orr , Losken Albert 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Implant-based breast reconstruction can be accomplished in a variety of ways and can result in vastly different postoperative experiences for patients. The COVID-19 pandemic and recent trends have resulted in a shift toward outpatient management of these patients.

Methods:
A systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted. A total of 1328 articles were identified on initial search, and after several rounds of review, a total of four met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Manuscripts were included if postmastectomy alloplastic breast reconstruction was performed, and there was documentation of same-day discharge. This cohort of patients was compared with traditional, planned overnight admission cohorts found in the literature. Objective data compared between groups included preoperative patient factors and postoperative complication rates.

Results:
Four studies representing data on a total of 574 patients were included: 289 were same-day discharge and 285 were overnight admission. Patient characteristics of body mass index, radiation, smoking, and bilateral procedures were comparable. Tissue expanders were used more frequently than implants in both cohorts. The rate of overall complications was 33% for same-day discharge and 34% for overnight admission. Rates of major and minor complications, including infection, seroma, and hematoma, were similar. There was no increase in reoperations or readmissions reported in any of the studies.

Conclusions:
Same-day discharge after mastectomy with immediate alloplastic reconstruction is a safe approach to treatment in both the ambulatory and hospital setting. There are comparable rates of common complications such as infection, seroma, and hematoma, with no increase in readmission or reoperation.
TEMPORARY KERATOPROSTHESIS COMBINED WITH VITRECTOMY FOR SEVERE GLOBE INJURY
Authors: Cisiecki Sławomir , Bonińska Karolina , Bednarski Maciej 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
To describe a case of a 44-year-old man with ocular trauma after a mine explosion. From the moment of the injury, the patient reported significant visual impairment (no perception of light in the right eye and a perception of light without localization in the left eye). The patient was diagnosed with a double-sided penetrating corneal scleral wound and traumatic cataract, retinal detachment, and intraocular foreign bodies after a battlefield mine explosion.

Methods:
The three-stage procedure, consisting of using soft contact lens as temporary keratoprosthesis, vitrectomy, and penetrating keratoplasty, was performed in the damaged eye.

Results:
A soft contact lens allowed for excellent visualization of the posterior segment during vitrectomy. At the 1-month follow-up, the eye that was operated on could sense light. The corneal transplant remained translucent, and the retina was attached.

Conclusion:
The described method, when performed by an experienced surgeon, may aid in simultaneously treating coexisting corneal opacification and vitreoretinal disorders.
Capsaicin treatment in neuropathic pain: axon reflex vasodilatation after 4 weeks correlates with pain reduction
Authors: Sendel Manon , Dunst Andreas , Forstenpointner Julia , Hüllemann Philipp , Baron Ralf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Capsaicin, an agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, is used for the topical treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. Reversible receptor defunctionalization and degeneration and subsequent regeneration of cutaneous nociceptors are discussed as its mechanism of action. Here, we hypothesize an accelerated functional recovery of a subclass of nociceptive afferents, the peptidergic vasoactive nociceptors, as the potential cause of capsaicin analgesia. In this noninterventional exploratory trial, 23 patients with peripheral neuropathic pain were treated with one topical high-concentration capsaicin application. Baseline pain ratings, comorbidities, and quality of life were assessed. Functional laser speckle contrast analysis (heat-evoked neurogenic vasodilatation to assess functional properties of peptidergic nociceptors) and quantitative sensory testing were performed in the affected skin. Four weeks after treatment, functional laser speckle contrast analysis and questionnaires were repeated. Telephone interviews were conducted at weeks 2, 10, and 12. Topical capsaicin treatment induced a significant reduction in pain intensity with a maximum at 4 weeks. At the same time, heat-evoked neurogenic vasodilatation was on average similar to pretreatment values. Half of the patients not only showed a functional recovery but also an improvement in vasodilatation, indicating regeneration of nerve fibers. Patients with improved heat-evoked neurogenic vasodilatation at week 4 showed a greater pain reduction than those with deterioration. The degree of vasodilatation significantly correlated with pain reduction. These findings suggest that (1) regeneration of peptidergic nociceptors may be the mechanism behind capsaicin-induced analgesia and (2) that a disease-modifying effect of capsaicin on these fibers already occurs 4 weeks after application.
Restenosis Following Bronchoscopic Airway Stenting for Complex Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Chrissian Ara A. , Diaz-Mendoza Javier , Simoff Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Nonsurgical patients with complex postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) and tracheostomy-associated tracheal stenosis (PTTS) often require airway stenting. However, the optimal approach is unknown. Identifying patients at higher risk for restenosis after stent removal may allow the treating physician to individualize the vigilance and duration of airway stenting, and help optimize outcomes.

Methods:
This was a single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all patients with complex PITS and/or PTTS treated with protocolized bronchoscopic airway stenting over a consecutive 16-year period. The primary outcome analyzed was restenosis rate at 1 year after stent removal. Predictors for restenosis and factors influencing risk for death during stent therapy were also assessed.

Results:
Of the 181 subjects treated with silicone airway stenting, 128 were available for analysis of the primary outcome. Restenosis by 1 year after stent removal occurred in 58%. Independent predictors for restenosis were coexisting diabetes [odd ratio (OR)=3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-9.24; P=0.04], morbid obesity (OR=3.13, 95% CI=1.20-8.17; P=0.02), and occurrence of stent-associated complications requiring bronchoscopic management (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.12-4.03; P=0.02). The overall mortality during the initial stenting period was 14%, and a silicone Y-stent was associated with a higher risk of death (OR=3.58, 95% CI=1.40-9.14; P=0.008).

Conclusion:
Tracheal restenosis after silicone stent therapy for complex PITS and PTTS is common and more likely to occur in patients with diabetes, morbid obesity, and frequent stent-associated complications. Mortality risk during stent therapy is not negligible, and a Y-stent should be utilized only after careful consideration. These findings may be incorporated into the approach to bronchoscopic airway stenting in these patients.
A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Nurse Manager Decision-Making Associated With RN Hiring
Authors: Kester Kelly M. , Engel Jill , Fuchs Mary Ann , Alston Sylvia , Granger Bradi B. 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
To explore the practices and self-confidence of nurse manager (NM) decision-making related to evaluating RN hiring needs.

BACKGROUND
Evidence-based hiring strategies to sustain workforce stability were identified as a gap in the literature. Locally, inconsistencies in the method that NMs use to determine how many RNs to hire and at what frequency to hire them were observed, posing a threat to strategic workforce planning.

METHODS
Using a mixed-methods, qualitative descriptive design, researchers used in-depth interviews and surveys to assess current practices and NM confidence related to evaluating hiring needs.

RESULTS
The overarching theme among the 10 participants was false confidence. Subthemes reflected the dissonance in confidence and high variability in the hiring process. NM stress, time spent, and confidence were not correlated with years' experience.

CONCLUSIONS
NMs experience stress, spend excessive time, and use varying approaches to evaluate hiring needs. Years of managerial experience are unrelated to practical skills or level of confidence in hiring decision-making.
Hospitals That Report Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Bundle Compliance Have More Structured Sepsis Performance Improvement
Authors: Bolte Ty B. , Swanson Morgan B. , Kaldjian Anna M. , Mohr Nicholas M. , McDanel Jennifer , Ahmed Azeemuddin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Sepsis is a common cause of death. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services severe sepsis/septic shock (SEP-1) bundle is focused on improving sepsis outcomes, but it is unknown which quality improvement (QI) practices are associated with SEP-1 compliance and reduced sepsis mortality. The objectives of this study were to compare sepsis QI practices in SEP-1 reporting and nonreporting hospitals and to measure the association between sepsis QI processes, SEP-1 performance, and sepsis mortality.

Materials and Methods
This study linked survey data on QI practices from Iowa hospitals to SEP-1 performance data and mortality. Characteristics of hospitals and sepsis QI practices were compared by SEP-1 reporting status. Univariable and multivariable logistic and linear regression estimated the association of QI practices with SEP-1 performance and observed-to-expected sepsis mortality ratios.

Results
One hundred percent of Iowa’s 118 hospitals completed the survey. SEP-1 reporting hospitals were more likely to have sepsis QI practices, including reporting sepsis quality to providers (64% versus 38%, P = 0.026) and using the case review process to develop sepsis care plans (87% versus 64%, P = 0.013). Sepsis QI practices were not associated with increased SEP-1 scores. A sepsis registry was associated with decreased odds of being in the bottom quartile of sepsis mortality (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.96, P = 0.041), and presence of a sepsis committee was associated with lower hospital-specific mortality (observed-to-expected ratio, −0.11; 95% confidence interval, −0.20 to 0.01).

Conclusions
Hospitals reporting SEP-1 compliance conduct more sepsis QI practices. Most QI practices are not associated with increased SEP-1 performance or decreased sepsis mortality. Future work could explore how to implement these performance improvement practices in hospitals not reporting SEP-1 compliance.
Decision-making Among Hepatitis C Virus-negative Transplant Candidates Offered Organs from Donors with HCV Infection
Authors: Saine M. Elle , Schnellinger Erin M. , Liu Michel , Diamond Joshua M. , Crespo Maria M. , Prenner Stacey , Potluri Vishnu , Bermudez Christian , Mentch Heather , Moore Michaella , Besharatian Behdad , Goldberg David S. , Barg Frances K. , Reese Peter P. 
Published: July 2022

Background.
Historically, many organs from deceased donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were discarded. The advent of highly curative direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies motivated transplant centers to conduct trials of transplanting HCV-viremic organs (nucleic acid amplification test positive) into HCV-negative recipients, followed by DAA treatment. However, the factors that influence candidates’ decisions regarding acceptance of transplant with HCV-viremic organs are not well understood.

Methods.
To explore patient-level perceptions, influences, and experiences that inform candidate decision-making regarding transplant with organs from HCV-viremic donors, we conducted a qualitative semistructured interview study embedded within 3 clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of transplanting lungs and kidneys from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients. The study was conducted from June 2019 to March 2021.

Results.
Among 44 HCV-negative patients listed for organ transplant who were approached for enrollment in the applicable clinical trial, 3 approaches to decision-making emerged: positivist, risk analyses, and instinctual response. Perceptions of risk contributed to conceptualizations of factors influencing decisions. Moreover, most participants relied on multiple decision-making approaches, either simultaneously or sequentially.

Conclusions.
Understanding how different decisional models influence patients’ choices regarding transplant with organs from HCV-viremic donors may promote shared decision-making among transplant patients and providers.