bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for Robots in Global Health
Authors: Olaronke Iroju , Ishaya Gambo , Oluwaseun Ojerinde , Rhoda Ikono , Janet Olaleke, 
Published: April 2022

The health of every individual in the world is greatly influenced by global health issues and threats which are usually caused by international trade and voyage. These threats which have exposed the inadequacies of healthcare systems across the globe include the rapid spread of non-communicable and infectious diseases, pandemics, hunger and starvation, natural disasters, shortage of healthcare personnel and climate change. These threats have led to economic and social disruption in almost all spheres of human lives such as agriculture and education.
Aim: Against this background, this study reviews global health challenges and the importance of robots in global health. This study also appraises the factors hindering the effective use of robotic technology to improve global health.
Methodology: A total of 41 literatures relevant to the subject matter were obtained from diverse scientific electronic databases including CiteseerX, Science Direct, Google Scholar, IEEE explore, indexCat, PubMed and National Library of Medicine.
Results: The study showed that robots can be used to improve global health by diagnosing and treating infectious diseases, reducing the dangers of human contact during pandemic and delivering food and medicines to infected individuals. The study also showed that robots can be used to reduce harmful gases released into the atmosphere and also limit the anxiety and fear of vaccination. The study also revealed that high cost, privacy-related issues, interoperability challenges and the fear of displacement of jobs by robots are some of the factors hindering the effective use of robotic technology to improve global health.
Conclusion: This paper suggests that adopting a common standard for robots of different brands and education strategies are some of the strategies that will facilitate the effective use of robotic systems to improve the health of individuals across the globe.
Determination of Resistance of Enterococcal Isolates to Common Chemicals used for Disinfection in Homes and Hospitals
Authors: C. Ezeah Gabril A. , Ekundayo Afe O. , Ugwu Michael C. , C. Ike Ozoemena , Akpe Azuka R. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the resistance Enterococcal isolates to common chemical agents used for disinfection in homes and hospitals.
Place and Duration of the Study: Enugu State University of Technology (ESUT) Teaching Hospital, Parklane and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria, between July 2012 and June 2014.
Methods: The study analysed antimicrobial products such as Dettol, Hibitane and Jik. Identification of the organism was based on standard procedure and biochemical test.
Results: All the three representative isolates, E. facium, E. faecalis and E. avium showed luxuriant growth with optical density (OD) range of 0.31 to 0.35 at Sodium Chloride concentration of 0.5%. The growth (OD) reduced as the salt concentration increased. E. faecium, E. faecalis and E. avium showed no growth at the concentration of 10%. Dettol had MIC of 0.385 mg/ml and MBC of 0.75 mg/ml on E. faecium; MIC of 0.75 mg/ml and MBC of 1.5 mg/ml on E. faecalis; MIC of 0.193 mg/ml and MBC of 0.385 mg/ml on E. avium. Hibitane had MIC of 0.781 mg/ml and MBC of 1.568 mg/ml on E. faecium; MIC of 1.563 mg/ml and MBC of 3.125 mg/ml on E. faecalis; MIC of 0.781 mg/ml and MBC of 1.563 mg/ml on E. avium. Jik had an MIC of 0.547 mg/ml and MBC of 1.094 mg/ml on E. faecium; MIC of 1.094 mg/ml and MBC of 2.188 mg/ml on E. faecalis; MIC of 0.547 mg/ml and MBC of 1.094 mg/ml on E. avium.
Conclusion: The growth of the isolates reduced as the salt concentration increased. The MICs and MBCs values from this study showed that these disinfectants are effective against Enterococci sp. in the following order; Dettol (Chloroxylenol), Jik (sodium hypochlorite) and Habitane (Chlorhexidine gluconate). The study therefore showed that concentration of various disinfectants/antiseptics used in hospital settings, medical laboratory section and at home should be of paramount interest for safe elimination of Enterococci.
2D Molybdenum Sulfide‐Based Materials for Photo‐Excited Antibacterial Application
Authors: Chen Fangqian , Luo Yue , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Han Yong , Yang Dapeng , Wu Shuilin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacterial infections have seriously threatened human health and the abuse of natural or artificial antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance, so development of a new generation of antibacterial agents and treatment methods is urgent. 2D molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) has good biocompatibility, high specific surface area to facilitate surface modification and drug loading, adjustable energy bandgap, and high near‐infrared photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), so it is often used for antibacterial application through its photothermal or photodynamic effects. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the fabrication processes, structural characteristics, antibacterial performance, and the corresponding mechanisms of MoS2‐based materials as well as their representative antibacterial applications. In addition, the outlooks on the remaining challenges that should be addressed in the field of MoS2 are also proposed.
Recent Advances on High‐Performance Polyaryletherketone Materials for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Haoze , Su Jin , Tian Yujia , Wen Shifeng , Su Bin , Yang Cao , Chen Binling , Zhou Kun , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolyaryletherketone (PAEK) is emerging as an important high‐performance polymer material in additive manufacturing (AM) benefiting from its excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and high‐temperature stability. The distinct advantages of AM facilitate the rapid development of PAEK products with complex customized structures and functionalities, thereby enhancing their applications in various fields. Herein, the recent advances on AM of high‐performance PAEKs are comprehensively reviewed, concerning the materials properties, AM processes, mechanical properties, and potential applications of additively manufactured PAEKs. To begin, an introduction to fundamentals of AM and PAEKs, as well as the advantages of AM of PAEKs is provided. Discussions are then presented on the material properties, AM processes, processing–matter coupling mechanism, thermal conductivity, crystallization characteristics, and microstructures of AM‐processed PAEKs. Thereafter, the mechanical properties and anisotropy of additively manufactured PAEKs are discussed in depth. Their representative applications in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other fields are systematically presented. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions are discussed for the future development of high‐performance AM polymers.
A Bioinspired Programmable Soft Bilayer Actuator Based on Aluminum Exoskeleton
Authors: Zhang Chenchu , Zhang Heng , Chen Renfei , Zhao Linhan , Wu Hao , Wang Chaowei , Hu Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bilayer stimuli‐responsive soft actuator that combines an active layer with a passive layer in a single material system can facilitate soft actuators with unprecedented features, and therefore, it is pushing the frontiers of microrobotics. However, the stimuli‐response of a bilayer soft actuator is fixed due to its bending mechanism. It makes the motion mode (such as the bending angle, bending direction, etc.) fixed and cannot meet various needs in real life. Inspired by shrimps, an approach combining hard exoskeleton structure and soft stimuli‐responsive actuator is presented. Applying exoskeleton structures to the soft actuator cannot only effectively protect the material, but also change the movement strategy of the actuator and realize the control of movement. Since the exoskeleton structure in this scheme is an independent part and does not affect the properties of the soft actuator, the proposed method can be easily applied to various bilayer stimulus‐responsive soft actuators.
Dispenser Printed Bismuth‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors with Non‐Saturating Large Magnetoresistance for Touchless Interactive Surfaces
Authors: Oliveros‐Mata Eduardo Sergio , Voigt Clemens , Cañón Bermúdez Gilbert Santiago , Zabila Yevhen , Valdez‐Garduño Nestor Miguel , Fritsch Marco , Mosch Sindy , Kusnezoff Mihails , Fassbender Jürgen , Vinnichenko Mykola , Makarov Denys 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrinted magnetic field sensors enable a new generation of human‐machine interfaces and contactless switches for resource‐efficient printed interactive electronics. As printed magnetoresistors rely on scarce or hard to manufacture magnetosensitive powders, their scalability and demonstration of printing with industry‐grade technologies are the key material science challenges. Here, the authors report dispenser printing of a commodity scale nonmagnetic bismuth‐based paste processed by large area laser sintering to obtain printed magnetoresistive sensors. The sensors are printed on different substrates including ceramics, paper, and polymer foils. It is validated experimentally that the peculiar quantum large orbital magnetoresistive effect remains effective in printed bismuth sensors, allowing their operation in high magnetic fields. The sensors reveal up to 146% resistance change at 5 T at room temperature with a maximum resolution of 2.8 μT. If printed on flexible foils, these sensors show resilience to bending deformation for more than 2000 bending cycles and withstand even thermal forming, as relevant for smart wearables and in‐mold electronics. The freedom in the substrate choice and sensor design enabled by dispenser printing allows to implement the proposed sensor technology for different applications focused on touchless interactive platforms, such as advertisement materials, interactive wallpapers, and printed security panels.
Base‐Tuning HOF‐Based Host–Guest Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Systems with Phosphorescent Thermochromism Using for Information Security and Thermometer
Authors: Xu Xin , Yan Bing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic framework‐based host–guest ultralong organic phosphorescence (HOF‐based HGUOP) materials with phosphorescent thermochromism property will become the next generation of intelligent optical functional materials in the future. Herein, three base‐tuning HOF‐based HGUOP co‐crystal materials, Ma&Ct, Ma&Ae and Ma&Tm, are firstly created by respectively doping 1 mol% cytosine (Ct), adenine (Ae) and thymine (Tm) into melamine (Ma) host, these guests respectively lead to the blue shift, red shift and quenching of phosphorescence for Ma host. Notably, Ma&Ct performs an intensive “1 + 1 > 2” sensitized effect for photoluminescence (PL) and phosphorescence based on various synergetic interactions, the PL and phosphorescence quantum yields respectively get to 94.55 and 37.11%. The concentration and temperature‐dependent photophysical performances of Ma&Ct, Ma&Ae and Ma&Tm are also recorded and analyzed. Relative mechanisms of phosphorescent thermochromism are firstly investigated deeply for Ma&Ct, Ma&Ae and Ma&Tm. In addition, phosphorescent thermochromism property of Ma&Ct and Ma&Ae have been well employed for information security and phosphorescent thermometer applications. This work not only proposes a simple preparation method of these new‐type base‐tuning HOF‐based HGUOP co‐crystal materials, but also explores the new internal phosphorescent thermochromism mechanism of these HOF‐based HGUOP materials, which provides a typical case of HOF‐based HGUOP materials using as smart flexible wearable phosphorescent thermometer.
High prevalence of deleterious mutations in concomitant nonsyndromic cleft and outflow tract heart defects
Authors: Munabi Naikhoba C. O. , Mikhail Shady , Toubat Omar , Webb Michelle , Auslander Allyn , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Manojlovic Zarko , Schmidt Ryan J. , Craig David , Magee William P. , Kumar Subramanyan Ram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur previous work demonstrating enrichment of outflow tract (OFT) congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) suggests derangements in common underlying developmental pathways. The current pilot study examines the underlying genetics of concomitant nonsyndromic CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype. Of 575 patients who underwent CL/P surgery at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, seven with OFT CHD, negative chromosomal microarray analysis, and no recognizable syndromic association were recruited with their parents (as available). Whole genome sequencing of blood samples paired with whole‐blood‐based RNA sequencing for probands was performed. A pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variant was identified in 6/7 (85.7%) probands. A total of seven candidate genes were mutated (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, APOB, RNF213, SETX, and JAG1). Gene ontology analysis of variants predicted involvement in binding (100%), regulation of transcription (42.9%), and helicase activity (42.9%). Four patients (57.1%) expressed gene variants (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, and RNF213) previously involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our pilot analysis of a small cohort of patients with combined CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype suggests a potentially significant prevalence of deleterious mutations. In our cohort, an overrepresentation of mutations in molecules associated with Wnt‐signaling was found. These variants may represent an expanded phenotypic heterogeneity within known monogenic disease genes or provide novel evidence of shared developmental pathways. The mechanistic implications of these mutations and subsequent developmental derangements resulting in the CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype require further analysis in a larger cohort of patients.
Iodine Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Sodium Sulfinates Using Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate/CS2 Combination
Authors: Kumar Pandey Anand , Chand Shiv , Kumar Sharma Anup , Nand Singh Krishna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn approach to unsymmetrical thiosulfonates has been developed using sulfenylation of sodium sulfinates by arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate/CS2 combination with iodine as catalyst. The reaction is simple, high yielding, scalable, and proceeds smoothly with good substrate scope and functional group tolerance.
Structure‐Based Evolution of G Protein‐Biased μ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Wang Haoqing , Hetzer Florian , Huang Weijiao , Qu Qianhui , Meyerowitz Justin , Kaindl Jonas , Hübner Harald , Skiniotis Georgios , Kobilka Brian K. , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe μ‐opioid receptor (μOR) is the major target for opioid analgesics. Activation of μOR initiates signaling through G protein pathways as well as through β‐arrestin recruitment. μOR agonists that are biased towards G protein signaling pathways demonstrate diminished side effects. PZM21, discovered by computational docking, is a G protein biased μOR agonist. Here we report the cryoEM structure of PZM21 bound μOR in complex with Gi protein. Structure‐based evolution led to multiple PZM21 analogs with more pronounced Gi protein bias and increased lipophilicity to improve CNS penetration. Among them, FH210 shows extremely low potency and efficacy for arrestin recruitment. We further determined the cryoEM structure of FH210 bound to μOR in complex with Gi protein and confirmed its expected binding pose. The structural and pharmacological studies reveal a potential mechanism to reduce β‐arrestin recruitment by the μOR, and hold promise for developing next‐generation analgesics with fewer adverse effects.
An Activatable Polymeric Nanoprobe for Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor‐Associated Neutrophils in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yan , He Shasha , Xu Cheng , Jiang Yue , Miao Qingqing , Pu Kanyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImaging to evaluate tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) is imperative for cancer immunotherapy but remains challenging. We herein report an activatable semiconducting polymer nanoprobe (SPCy) for near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging of neutrophil elastase (NE), a biomarker of TANs. SPCy comprises a semiconducting polymer conjugated with a hemicyanine (hemi‐Cy) dye caged by a NE‐cleavable peptide as the side chain. After systemic administration, SPCy passively targets the tumor and reacts with NE to “uncage” the hemi‐Cy, leading to enhanced NIRF and PA signals of the hemi‐Cy but unchanged signals of the SP. Such NE‐activated ratiometric NIRF and enhanced PA signals of SPCy correlate with the intratumoral population of TANs. Thus, this study not only presents the first TAN‐specific PA probe, but also provides a general molecular design strategy for PA imaging of other immune‐related biomarkers to facilitate screening of cancer immunotherapeutics.
LiNbO3‐Type Polar Antiferromagnet InVO3 Synthesized under High‐Pressure Conditions
Authors: Tan Zhenhong , Lussier Joey A. , Yamada Takumi , Xu Yuanhui , Saito Takashi , Goto Masato , Kosugi Yoshihisa , Vrublevskiy Dmitry , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Bieringer Mario , Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ambient pressure cation disordered InVO3 bixbyite has been predicted to form a GdFeO3‐type perovskite phase under high pressure and high temperature. Contrary to the expectation, InVO3 was found to crystallize in the polar LiNbO3‐type structure with a calculated spontaneous polarization as large as 74 μC cm−2. Antiferromagnetic coupling of V3+ magnetic moments and a cooperative magnetic ground state below about 10 K coupled with a polar structure suggest an intriguing ground state of the novel LiNbO3‐type high‐pressure InVO3 structure.
Bifunctionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks for Pore‐Size‐Dependent Enantioselective Sensing
Authors: Han Zongsu , Wang Kunyu , Min Hui , Xu Jun , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorosity is a fundamental property of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, the role of the pore size has always been underestimated in MOF‐based luminescent sensors for enantioselective sensing. The construction of isoreticular MOFs (IRMOFs) with variable pore sizes and the synergy between chirality and luminescence is challenging. Herein, a general strategy was developed to introduce chirality into two well‐known IRMOF‐74 analogs with nanochannels of identical shapes but different pore sizes by functionalizing the open metal site under mild conditions. To enhance the detection accuracy, a second luminescent center was introduced into the IRMOF‐74 system to achieve ratiometric sensing. The two bifunctionalized IRMOF‐74 compounds exhibited pore‐size‐dependent sensing performance for enantiomers. This study not only provides a convenient method to construct chiral MOFs as advanced sensing materials but also reveals the fundamental of the pores in MOF‐based luminescent sensors.
Benzimidazole hybrids as anticancer drugs: An updated review on anticancer properties, structure–activity relationship, and mechanisms of action (2019–2021)
Authors: Feng Lian‐Shun , Su Wen‐Qi , Cheng Jin‐Bo , Xiao Tao , Li Hong‐Ze , Chen De‐An , Zhang Zhi‐Liu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer, characterized by a deregulation of the cell cycle which mainly results in a progressive loss of cellular differentiation and uncontrolled cellular growth, remains a prominent cause of death across the world. Almost all currently available anticancer agents used in clinical practice have developed multidrug resistance, creating an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutics. Benzimidazole derivatives could exert anticancer properties through diverse mechanisms, inclusive of the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, antiangiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. Moreover, several benzimidazole‐based agents have already been approved for the treatment of cancers. Hence, benzimidazole derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. In particular, benzimidazole hybrids could exert dual or multiple antiproliferative activities and had the potential to overcome drug resistance, demonstrating the potential of benzimidazole hybrids as potential prototypes for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of cancers. The purpose of the present review article is to provide a comprehensive landscape of benzimidazole hybrids as potential anticancer agents, and the structure–activity relationship as well as mechanisms of action are also discussed to facilitate the further rational design of more effective candidates, covering articles published from 2019 to 2021.
A critical view on the suitability of machine learning techniques to downscale climate change projections: Illustration for temperature with a toy experiment
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , García‐Valero Juan Andrés , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez‐Camino Ernesto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMachine learning is a growing field of research with many applications. It provides a series of techniques able to solve complex nonlinear problems, and that has promoted their application for statistical downscaling. Intercomparison exercises with other classical methods have so far shown promising results. Nevertheless, many evaluation studies of statistical downscaling methods neglect the analysis of their extrapolation capability. In this study, we aim to make a wakeup call to the community about the potential risks of using machine learning for statistical downscaling of climate change projections. We present a set of three toy experiments, applying three commonly used machine learning algorithms, two different implementations of artificial neural networks and a support vector machine, to downscale daily maximum temperature, and comparing them with the classical multiple linear regression. We have tested the four methods in and out of their calibration range, and have found how the three machine learning techniques can perform poorly under extrapolation. Additionally, we have analysed the impact of this extrapolation issue depending on the degree of overlapping between the training and testing datasets, and we have found very different sensitivities for each method and specific implementation.
Impact of the matching algorithm on the treatment effect estimate: A neutral comparison study
Authors: Heinz Priska , Wendel‐Garcia Pedro David , Held Ulrike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPropensity score matching is increasingly being used in the medical literature. Choice of matching algorithms, reporting quality, and estimands are oftentimes not discussed. We evaluated the impact of propensity score matching algorithms, based on a recent clinical dataset, with three commonly used outcomes. The resulting estimands for different strengths of treatment effects were compared in a neutral comparison study and based on a thoroughly designed simulation study. Different algorithms yielded different levels of balance after matching. Along with full matching and genetic matching with replacement, good balance was achieved with nearest neighbor matching with caliper but thereby more than one fifth of the treated units were discarded. Average marginal treatment effect estimates were least biased with genetic or nearest neighbor matching, both with replacement and full matching. Double adjustment yielded conditional treatment effects that were closer to the true values, throughout. The choice of the matching algorithm had an impact on covariate balance after matching as well as treatment effect estimates. In comparison, genetic matching with replacement yielded better covariate balance than all other matching algorithms. A literature review in the British Medical Journal including its subjournals revealed frequent use of propensity score matching; however, the use of different matching algorithms before treatment effect estimation was only reported in one out of 21 studies. Propensity score matching is a methodology for causal treatment effect estimation from observational data; however, the methodological difficulties and low reporting quality in applied medical research need to be addressed.