bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Materials for Thin‐Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Recent Progress and Challenges in Boosting the Device Performance at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ricote Sandrine , Hendriksen Peter Vang , Chen Yunzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient and fuel flexible electrochemical energy conversion devices that can power the future green society with regards to homes, cars, and even down to portable electronics. They do have the potential to become low cost, since no noble metals are used. Their broad commercialization, however, is hampered by the high operating temperatures of 700–900°C. Lowering the operating temperature of SOFCs is challenging as both the charge transport in the solid electrolyte and oxygen exchange reactions are thermally activated processes. Herein, the recent progress in the development of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials to lower the operating temperature of SOFC below 600°C is summarized and the new opportunities, as well as challenges that remain to be solved, are discussed. The focus of this review is addressed to thin film SOFCs, sub‐micrometer SOFCs (μSOFCs) based on microelectromechanical systems, as well as devices based on proton‐conducting oxide electrolyte (protonic ceramic fuel cells), which are especially promising for powering portable devices.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of High‐k SbOx for Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Yang Jun , Bahrami Amin , Ding Xingwei , Zhao Panpan , He Shiyang , Lehmann Sebastian , Laitinen Mikko , Julin Jaakko , Kivekäs Mikko , Sajavaara Timo , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSbOx thin films are deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using SbCl5 and Sb(NMe2)3 as antimony reactants and H2O and H2O2 as oxidizers at low temperatures. SbCl5 can react with both oxidizers, while no deposition is found to occur using Sb(NMe2)3 and H2O. For the first time, the reaction mechanism and dielectric properties of ALD‐SbOx thin films are systematically studied, which exhibit a high breakdown field of ≈4 MV cm−1 and high areal capacitance ranging from 150 to 200 nF cm−2, corresponding to a dielectric constant ranging from 10 to 13. The ZnO semiconductor layer is integrated into a SbOx dielectric layer, and thin film transistors (TFTs) are successfully fabricated. A TFT with a SbOx dielectric layer deposited at 200 °C from Sb(NMe2)3 and H2O2 presents excellent performance, such as a field effect mobility (µ) of 12.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, Ion/Ioff ratio of 4 × 108, subthreshold swing of 0.22 V dec−1, and a trapping state (Ntrap) of 1.1 × 1012 eV−1 cm−2. The amorphous structure and high areal capacitance of SbOx boosts the interface between the semiconductor and dielectric layer of TFT devices and provide a strong electric field for electrons to improve the device mobility.
Eliminating Solvents and Polymers in High‐Performance Si Anodes by Gas‐Phase Assembly of Nanowire Fabrics
Authors: Rana Moumita , Pendashteh Afshin , Schäufele Richard S. , Gispert Joaquim , Vilatela Juan J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping sustainable battery electrode manufacturing methods is particularly pressing for alloying‐type active materials, such as silicon, which often require additional energy‐intensive and solvent‐based processing to reinforce them with a buffer matrix. This work introduces a new method to fabricate Si anodes as continuous, tough fabrics of arbitrary thickness, without processing solvents, polymeric binders, carbon additives, or any reinforcing matrix. The anodes consist of percolated networks of long Si nanowires directly assembled from suspension in the gas phase, where they are grown via floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. A high Si content above 75 wt.% in a textile‐like network structure leads to high‐performance electrode properties. Their gravimetric capacity is 2330 mAh g–1 at C/20 for all thicknesses produced, reaching areal capacities above 9.3 mAh cm–2 at C/20 and 3.4 mAh cm–2 at 1C (with 3.4 mg cm–2). Analysis of rating data gives a high transport coefficient (6.6 × 10–12 m2 s–1) due to a high out‐of‐plane electrical conductivity (0.6 S m–1) and short solid‐state diffusion length. Si remains a percolated network of elongated elements after extended cycling, preserving electrical conductivity and leading to a capacity retention of 80% after 100 cycles at C/5 and ≈60% after 500 cycles at C/2. When integrated with an NMC111 cathode, a full cell gravimetric energy density of 480 Wh kg–1 is demonstrated.
Process safety assessment of semibatch nitration of naphthalene with mixed acid to 1‐nitronaphthalene
Authors: Liang Jun , Ni Lei , Wu Peihong , Yao Hang , Chen Qiang , Fu Gang , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, different calorimetric and analytical techniques were used to evaluate the thermal behavior of the preparation of 1‐nitronaphthalene through the nitration of naphthalene with mixed acid. Differential scanning calorimetry and adiabatic calorimetry revealed that 1‐nitronaphthalene lacks thermal decomposition characteristics. The results of reaction calorimetry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the density function theory method were combined to analyze the reaction mechanism. An expanded Stoessel criticality diagram was developed to evaluate the process safety of the semibatch nitration reaction. The results revealed a higher degree of risk than that obtained when using the traditional Stoessel criticality diagram. Kinetics parameters of the reaction were investigated.
Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee–pollinated herb
Authors: Tian Hao , Harder Lawrence D. , Wang Ai‐Ying , Zhang Da‐Yong , Liao Wan‐Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPremiseFecundity and mating outcomes commonly differ among plant populations occupying contrasting environments. If self‐pollination occurs primarily among flowers within plants, contrasting reproductive outcomes among populations must reflect environmental effects on plant‐pollinator interactions. Specifically, local conditions could affect features of plant phenotypes that influence pollinator behavior, in turn modifying plant reproductive outcomes.MethodsWe compared phenotypes, pollinator abundance and behavior, and female fecundity and mating in two meadow populations and two forest populations of Aconitum kusnezoffii within 3 km of each other. Mating outcomes were assessed using microsatellites.ResultsMeadow plants generally produced more, shorter ramets with more, larger flowers, but less nectar per flower than forest plants. These differences likely largely represent phenotypic plasticity. Individual bumble bees visited more flowers on forest plants, likely because the more abundant bees in the meadows depleted nectar availability, as indicated by briefer visits to individual flowers. Despite similar fruit set in both habitats, forest plants set more seeds per fruit. Nevertheless, meadow plants produced more seeds overall, owing to sevenfold greater flower production. Consistent with individual bees visiting fewer flowers on meadow plants, more of their seeds were outcrossed. However, the outcrossed seeds of forest plants included more male mates.ConclusionsReproductive outcomes can vary among populations of animal‐pollinated plants as a result of differences in the availability of effective pollinators and environmental effects on plant phenotypes, and their functional consequences for pollinator behavior that governs pollen dispersal.
Biodegradable composites of starch/polyvinyl alcohol/soybean hull (Glycine max L.) produced by thermoplastic injection
Authors: Bortolatto Rubiane , Bittencourt Paulo Rodrigo Stival , Yamashita Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoybean hull is an agro‐industrial residue produced abundantly both in Brazil and worldwide. It is generated during the dehulling of the grains for oil production. This work aimed to develop materials using low‐cost, abundant, and biodegradable raw materials, as soybean hull, corn starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glycerol. Five formulations of thermoplastic starch (TPS) were produced containing between 4% and 19% of ground soybean hull and another five formulations of the same composition but with 6% PVA added. The materials were extruded and injected to produce specimens. They were analyzed by FTIR‐ATR, mechanical tests, mass loss in water, and dimensional variations. The addition of hull to the TPS did not affect the processability of the materials, and the PVA improved the processability. Hull concentration from 8% to 15% increased the tensile strength of the materials, and the PVA reduced them. Soybean hull provided greater dimensional stability to the specimens, especially with PVA and with the highest hull contents (15% and 19%).Content of soy hulls between 8% and 15% acted as a structural reinforcer of TPS materials, forming a composite, as it increased the tensile strength, reduced the elongation, increased the stiffness, and improved the dimensional stability of the materials.
Unravelling the Ghanaian “pull him/her down (PhD) syndrome” of malicious envy
Authors: Kyei J. Joana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe “pull him/her down” or the “PhD” syndrome is the Ghanaian colloquial term for malicious envy, the arousal of primitive urges to destroy the good fortune of someone simply because one lacks what the envied other has. Behaviors motivated by malicious envy and which result in the “pulling down” of others in a country classified as collectivistic and highly religious appear contradictory, however, and this paper aims to shed light on this seeming contradiction. Conceptualizations of envy, cultural dimensions of collectivism, religiosity, and patriarchy which counterintuitively enable “pulling down” behaviors, the three different categories of PhD syndrome perpetrators, and the influence of sibling dynamics in the PhD syndrome's enactments are explored. Recommendations for mitigating expressions of the PhD syndrome are also discussed.
Five‐Year Structural Changes in the Knee Among Patients With Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis: Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Versus Physical Therapy
Authors: Collins Jamie E. , Shrestha Swastina , Losina Elena , Marx Robert G. , Guermazi Ali , Jarraya Mohamed , Jones Morgan H. , Levy Bruce A. , Mandl Lisa A. , Williams Emma E. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P. , Katz Jeffrey N. ,   METEOR Investigator Group
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based structural changes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among individuals with meniscal tear and knee OA, using MRIs obtained at baseline and 18 and 60 months after randomization in a randomized controlled trial of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) versus physical therapy (PT).MethodsWe used data from the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research (METEOR) trial. MRIs were read using the MRI OA Knee Score (MOAKS). We used linear mixed‐effects models to examine the association between treatment group and continuous MOAKS summary scores, and Poisson regression to assess categorical changes in knee joint structure. Analyses assessed changes in OA between baseline and month 18 and between months 18 and 60. We performed both intention‐to‐treat and as‐treated analyses.ResultsThe analytic sample included 302 participants. For both treatment groups, more OA changes were seen during the early interval than during the later interval. ITT analysis revealed that, between baseline and month 18, APM was significantly associated with an increased risk of having a worsening cartilage surface area score, involving both any worsening across all knee joint subregions (risk ratio [RR] 1.35 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14, 1.61]) and the number of subregions damaged (RR 1.44 [95% CI 1.13, 1.85]) having a worsening effusion‐synovitis score (RR 2.62 [95% CI 1.32, 5.21]), and having ≥1 additional subregion with osteophytes (RR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02, 1.50]). Significant associations were detected between months 18 and 60 only for having any subregion with a worsening osteophyte score (RR 1.28 [95% CI 1.04, 1.58]).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the association between APM and MRI‐based structural changes in knee OA is most apparent during the initial 18 months after surgery. The reason for attenuation of this association over longer follow‐up merits further investigation.
Inverse‐compensation‐based DETC for nonlinear hysteresis system with disturbance
Authors: Su Liangcai , Su Qiang , Zhao Xinlong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo control a nonlinear system with both hysteresis and disturbance, it is necessary to establish a hysteresis model and improve the disturbance rejection ability. However, the input signal implicitly involved in the classical hysteresis model can lead to difficulty in constructing a compensator. In this study, a hysteresis model in explicit form is proposed with a bounded auxiliary variable. Then, a model‐based inverse is constructed for approximate compensation for the hysteresis. Moreover, the compensation error, which is considered a part of the disturbance, is proved to be bounded. Disturbance estimation triggered control (DETC) is utilized to address the compensation error coupled with the external disturbance. According to the disturbance effect indicator (DEI), DETC can improve the system control performance by considering the disturbance effect judgment. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed technique.
Orbital Elements of visual binary stars with very short arcs: With application to double stars from the 1829 southern double star catalog of James Dunlop
Authors: Letchford Roderick R. , White Graeme L. , Brown Carolyn J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBinary double stars are those whose binding energies are less than zero. Obtaining binary star orbits from short arcs has been a long‐standing problem in astrophysics. A method is presented and tested here, which addresses the problem by using space‐based astrometry, photometry, and astrophysical data, together with historic measures, to generate and constrain a range of possible first‐order Grade 5 orbits. After testing the method on an established binary star, we apply the method to eight double stars from the first published catalog of southern double stars, that of Dunlop (1829) and generate orbits for five. The mean orbital period is ∼81,000 years, and the mean semi‐major axis is ∼76″ with a typical uncertainty of the Orbital Elements of ∼37%. Their Orbital Elements and associated plots are also presented.
Function moves biomolecular condensates in phase space
Authors: Feric Marina , Misteli Tom 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhase separation underlies the formation of biomolecular condensates. We hypothesize the cellular processes that occur within condensates shape their structural features. We use the example of transcription to discuss structure–function relationships in condensates. Various types of transcriptional condensates have been reported across the evolutionary spectrum in the cell nucleus as well as in mitochondrial and bacterial nucleoids. In vitro and in vivo observations suggest that transcriptional activity of condensates influences their supramolecular structure, which in turn affects their function. Condensate organization thus becomes driven by differences in miscibility among the DNA and proteins of the transcription machinery and the RNA transcripts they generate. These considerations are in line with the notion that cellular processes shape the structural properties of condensates, leading to a dynamic, mutual interplay between structure and function in the cell.
Acculturation, parenting stress, and children's problem behaviours among immigrant Latinx mothers and fathers
Authors: McWhirter Anna Cecilia , Donovick Melissa R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Latinx population in the United States has been growing steadily over the last few decades, necessitating the need to better understand the impact of stress and acculturation on Latinx parents and children to provide more targeted community supports. This study examines how parenting stress, within the context of acculturation, is associated with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviours among newly immigrated Latinx families (n = 129). Correlational analyses were used to understand the relationship between acculturation, parenting stress for mothers and fathers, and children's behaviour problems. Regression analyses were used to predict children's behaviours when accounting for acculturation and parenting stress. Results indicated that parent acculturation was not associated with child problem behaviours for mothers or fathers. Maternal parenting stress was associated with child internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, while paternal parenting stress was associated with child externalizing problems only. Implications and future directions for this research are discussed.
Brain MRI detection of early Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Aomura Daiki , Kurasawa Yukifumi , Harada Makoto , Hashimoto Koji , Kamijo Yuji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 93‐year‐old hemodialysis patient became hospitalized for thiamine deficiency‐induced appetite loss and ultimately experienced consciousness disorder diagnosed as Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). Since brain MRI on admission was retrospectively found to display faint WE findings, careful brain MRI assessment is recommended in hemodialysis patients with appetite loss alone.
Very rare near‐haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant to immunotherapy and CAR‐T therapy in 19‐year‐old male patient
Authors: Arpas Tomas , Jelinkova Hana , Hrabovsky Stepan , Orsulova Martina , Vrzalova Zuzana , Navrkalova Veronika , Brhelova Eva , Bryjova Lenka , Bulikova Alena , Ondrouskova Eva , Sejnohova Marketa , Folber Frantisek , Sedová Petra , Mayer Jiri , Pospisilova Sarka , Jarosova Marie , Doubek Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNear‐haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia is rare subgroup of the disease, which is very important due to very poor prognosis and resistance to treatment including novel monoclonal antibodies and CAR‐T therapy.
Ensemble learning of deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches for skin lesion segmentation and classification
Authors: Khan Adil H. , Awang Iskandar Dayang NurFatimah , Al‐Asad Jawad F. , Mewada Hiren , Sherazi Muhammad Abid 
Published: March 2022

SummaryMelanoma is a type of a skin cancer or lesion which has the detrimental ramifications on the human health but with early diagnosis it can be cured easily. The actual identification of skin lesion is very challenging because of factors like a very minute difference between lesion and skin and it is very difficult to differentiate among skin cancer types due to visual comparability. Hence an autonomous system for the diagnosis of true skin cancer type is very useful. In this article, we took the leverage of ensemble learning by combining the features of deep learning architectures with traditional features extraction approaches. For segmentation, we have two pipelines for the feature extraction. We extract the features through traditional split and merge approach as well as from deep learning algorithms of contextual encoding along with the attention mechanism. Later we combine the features of both architectures and predict the segmented region through intersection over union mechanism. After that segmented region is classified into three types of skin lesion using hybrid features of Alex‐Net and VGG‐16 through the transfer learning approach. The evaluation has been performed using the ISIC and PH2 datasets for which achieved segmentation accuracy is 97.8% and 96.7%, respectively. Moreover, hybrid classification network able to attain the 98.2% accuracy.
Bio‐modified pyrotechnic composite materials for firefighting application
Authors: Pathak Tribhuvan Kumar , Sharma Vandana , Jassal Pyar Singh , Singh Raj Pal , Johar Rajni 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe traditional aerosol‐forming composites are a mixture of potassium nitrate/chlorate and synthetic resins like phenol‐formaldehyde, melamine‐formaldehyde, polyurethane, and epoxy resin. Though these synthetic organic resins have excellent adhesion and mechanical properties, their high flammability and associated life‐threatening occupational hazard have limited their application. Such compositions' combustion flame may reach up to 2100°C and cause secondary fire risk in an explosive atmosphere, especially ship engine rooms and oil‐producing platforms. This study aimed to investigate the ability of natural flame‐retardant tannic acid, which is a natural phenolic compound abundant in many plants, to reduce the exothermicity of potassium nitrate/chlorate‐based pyrotechnic composite. In the present work, we newly developed a pyrotechnic composition that employed tannic acid as a reducer instead of synthetic resin. Its combustion behaviour, thermal properties, and fire extinguishing performance were comparatively evaluated against phenolic resin‐based traditional pyrotechnic composition. Though both the new and traditional pyrotechnic composition has shown similar fire extinguishing efficacy, the newly developed composition showed 57% lower combustion flame temperature, faster burn rate, and lower calorific value than the traditional composition. The physical and chemical characteristics of the discharged aerosol were characterized by a series of techniques viz; high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis to understand the fire extinguishing mechanism.
Isolation, Characterization, and Depolymerization of l‐Cysteine Substituted Eucalyptus Lignin
Authors: Shi Lanlan , Zhang Tanhao , Zhou Xin , Yao Lu , Yang Linjie , Yue Fengxia , Lan Wu , Lu Fachuang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLignin condensation reactions are hard to avoid or control during separation, which is a deterrent to lignin isolation and post‐conversation, especially for the full utilization of lignocelluloses. Selective protection of β‐aryl ether linkages in the isolation process is crucial to lignin valorization. Herein, a two‐step acid/alkali separation method assisted with l‐cysteine for eucalyptus lignin separation is developed, and the isolated l‐cysteine lignins (LCLs) are comprehensively characterized by 2D NMR, 31P NMR, thioacidolysis, etc. Compared to the two‐step control treatment, a much higher β‐O‐4 content is preserved without reducing the separation efficiency assisted by l‐cysteine, which is also significantly higher than alkali lignin and kraft lignin. The results of hydrogenolysis show that LCLs generate a much higher monomer yield than that of control sample. Structural analysis of LCLs suggests that lignin condensation reaction, to some extent, is suppressed by adding l‐cysteine during the two‐step acid/alkali separation. Further, mechanistic studies using dimeric model compound reveals that l‐cysteine may be the α‐carbon protective agent in the two‐step separation. The role of l‐cysteine in the two‐step lignin isolation method provides novel insights to the selective fractionation of lignin from biomass, especially for the full valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.