bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with C-reactive protein testing when prescribing antibiotics in general practice: a register-based study
Authors: Sydenham Rikke Vognbjerg , Hansen Malene Plejdrup , Justesen Ulrik Stenz , Pedersen Line Bjørnskov , Aabenhus Rune Munck , Wehberg Sonja , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) tests has been shown to safely reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The aim of this study was to explore patient and clinical factors associated with the use of CRP testing when prescribing antibiotics recommended for RTIs.

Methods
A nation-wide retrospective cross-sectional register-based study based on first redeemed antibiotic prescriptions issued to adults in Danish general practice between July 2015 and June 2017. Only antibiotics recommended for treatment of RTIs were included in the analysis (penicillin-V, amoxicillin, co-amoxicillin or roxithromycin/clarithromycin). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for patient-related and clinical factors on performing a CRP test in relation to antibiotic prescribing.

Results
A total of 984,149 patients redeemed at least one antibiotic prescription during the two-year period. About half of these prescriptions (49.6%) had an RTI stated as the indication, and a CRP test was performed in relation to 45.2% of these scripts.
Lower odds of having a CRP test performed in relation to an antibiotic prescription was found for patients aged 75 years and above (OR 0.82, 95CI 0.79–0.86), with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of more than one (OR 0.93, 95CI 0.91–0.95), unemployed or on disability pension (OR 0.84, 95CI 0.83–0.85) and immigrants (OR 0.91, 95CI 0.88–0.95) or descendants of immigrants (OR 0.90, 95CI 0.84–0.96). Living with a partner (OR 1.08, 95CI 1.07–1.10), being followed in practice for a chronic condition (OR 1.22, 95CI 1.18–1.26) and having CRP tests performed in the previous year (OR 1.78, 95CI 1.73–1.84) were associated with higher odds of CRP testing in relation to antibiotic prescribing.

Conclusions
Differences were observed in the use of CRP tests among subgroups of patients indicating that both sociodemographic factors and comorbidity influence the decision to use a CRP test in relation to antibiotic prescriptions in general practice. Potentially, this means that the use of CRP tests could be optimised to increase diagnostic certainty and further promote rational prescribing of antibiotics. The rationale behind the observed differences could be further explored in future qualitative studies.
Non-cardiovascular findings on chest CT angiography in children with congenital heart disease: How important are they?
Authors: Nordjoe Yaotse Elikplim , Aubin Igombe Suzanne Rita , Chat Latifa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There are only a few publications about the non-cardiovascular findings in children with congenital heart diseases explored by chest CT angiography. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of non-cardiovascular findings on chest CT angiographies in children with congenital heart disease and to raise awareness about their importance among the radiologists.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the 272 chest CT angiographies performed in our pediatric radiology department between January 2017 and march 2021 and extracted the data of the 180 patients positive for a congenital heart disease. Then from that pool, we sorted out the non-cardiovascular findings into significant and non-significant in regard of their relevance or not in the patient’s management.

Results
Non-cardiovascular lesions were found in 58% (105/180) of our patients, and 49% (88/180) of them presented at least one significant non-cardiac lesion. Lung and airways abnormalities were found in 41% (74/180) of the cases, representing the majority of the non-cardiovascular findings. Syndromic associations were found in 17% (28/180) of our patients, including 14 cases of heterotaxic syndrome.

Conclusion
Non-cardiovascular findings are common in children with congenital heart disease. Reporting these associated lesions is a requisite for an optimal therapeutic management of these children. Radiologists should never forget that a Chest CT angiography in children is first and foremost a chest CT.
The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hu Linhui , Gao Lu , Zhang Danqing , Hou Yating , He Lin Ling , Zhang Huidan , Liang Yufan , Xu Jing , Chen Chunbo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Without sufficient evidence in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, it is meaningful to explore the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of postoperative AKI.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in the general intensive care units (ICUs) from January 2014 to March 2018. Variables about preoperation, intraoperation and postoperation were collected. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Results
Among 383 critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery, 151 (39.4%) patients developed postoperative AKI. Postoperative reoperation, postoperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and postoperative serum lactic acid (LAC) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI, with the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) of 1.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.091–3.152), 1.059 (95%CI, 1.018–1.102), and 1.239 (95%CI, 1.047–1.467), respectively. Compared with the non-AKI group, duration of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, ICU and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, total ICU and hospital costs were higher in the AKI group.

Conclusions
Postoperative reoperation, postoperative APACHE II score, and postoperative LAC were independent risk factors of postoperative AKI in critically ill patients undergoing emergency surgery.
The effect of school summer holidays on inequalities in children and young people’s mental health and cognitive ability in the UK using data from the millennium cohort study
Authors: Kromydas Theocharis , Campbell Mhairi , Chambers Stephanie , Boon Michele Hilton , Pearce Anna , Wells Valerie , Craig Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Summer learning loss has been the subject of longstanding concern among researchers, the public and policy makers. The aim of the current research was to investigate inequality changes in children’s mental health and cognitive ability across the summer holidays.

Methods
We conducted linear and logistic regression analysis of mental health (borderline-abnormal total difficulty and prosocial scores on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)) and verbal cognitive ability (reading, verbal reasoning or vocabulary) at ages 7, 11 and 14, comparing UK Millennium Cohort Study members who were interviewed before and after the school summer holidays. Inequalities were assessed by including interaction terms in the outcome models between a discrete binary variable with values representing time periods and maternal academic qualifications. Coefficients of the interaction terms were interpreted as changes from the pre- to post-holiday period in the extent of inequality in the outcome between participants whose mothers had high or low educational qualifications. Separate models were fitted for each age group and outcome. We used inverse probability weights to allow for differences in the characteristics of cohort members assessed before and after the summer holidays.

Results
Mental health (borderline/abnormal SDQ total and prosocial scores) at ages 7 and 14 worsened and verbal cognitive ability scores at age 7 were lower among those surveyed after the summer holidays. Mental health inequalities were larger after the holidays at age 7 ([OR = 1.4; 95%CI (0.6, 3.2) and 14: [OR = 1.5; 95%CI (0.7, 3.2)], but changed little at age 11 (OR = 0.9; 95%CI (0.4, 2.6)]. There were differences in pro-social behaviours among those surveyed before/after the school holidays at age 14 [OR = 1.2; 95%CI (0.5, 3.5)] but not at age 7 or 11. There was little change in inequalities in verbal cognitive ability scores over the school holidays [Age 7: b = 1.3; 95%CI (− 3.3, 6.0); Age 11: b = − 0.7; 95%CI (− 4.3, 2.8); Age 14: b = − 0.3; 95%CI (− 1.0, 0.4)].

Conclusion
We found inequalities in mental health and cognitive ability according to maternal education, and some evidence or worsening mental health and mental health inequalities across school summer holidays. We found little evidence of widening inequalities in verbal cognitive ability. Widespread school closures during the COVID-19 restrictions have prompted concerns that prolonged closures may widen health and educational inequalities. Management of school closures should focus on preventing or mitigating inequalities that may arise from differences in the support for mental health and learning provided during closures by schools serving more or less disadvantaged children.
Effects of curcumin supplementation on vitamin D levels in women with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Arabnezhad Leyla , Mohammadifard Mahtab , Rahmani Ladan , Majidi Zahra , Ferns Gordon A. , Bahrami Afsane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D has an established role in female reproduction. There is also evidence for an association between vitamin D levels and menstrual problems such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Curcumin, is a bioactive polyphenol constituent of turmeric, that can potentially interact with vitamin D receptors and its molecular targets. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin on vitamin D levels in young women with PMS and dysmenorrhea.MethodsIn this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, women with PMS and dysmenorrhea were divided randomly into experimental and control groups to receive one capsule (500 mg of curcuminoid+ 5 mg piperine, or placebo) daily, from approximately 7 days before until 3 days after menstruation for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Serum vitamin D levels, renal function, and liver enzymes were also measured before and after intervention.ResultsA total of 76 subjects (38 in each group) were recruited into the trial. Curcumin significantly increased the median (IQR) serum levels of vitamin D [from 12.8 ng/ml (7.0–24.6) to 16.2 ng/ml (6.4–28.8);P = 0.045], compared with placebo [from 18.6 ng/ml (2.2–26.8) to 21.3 ng/ml (5.2–27.1);P = 0.17]. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and direct bilirubin were reduced by the end of trial in the curcumin group (p < 0.05), but did not change significantly in the control group (p > 0.05). Finally, no significant differences in levels of fasting blood glucose were detected between curcumin and placebo groups.ConclusionCurcumin supplementation in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea led to a significant improvement of vitamin D, liver function enzyme test, but did not affect blood glucose.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registry (Trial ID: IRCT20191112045424N1 on 23 January 2020; available athttps://www.irct.ir).
Deep learning based high-throughput phenotyping of chalkiness in rice exposed to high night temperature
Authors: Wang Chaoxin , Caragea Doina , Kodadinne Narayana Nisarga , Hein Nathan T. , Bheemanahalli Raju , Somayanda Impa M. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Rice is a major staple food crop for more than half the world’s population. As the global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, increasing the production of high-quality rice is needed to meet the anticipated increased demand. However, global environmental changes, especially increasing temperatures, can affect grain yield and quality. Heat stress is one of the major causes of an increased proportion of chalkiness in rice, which compromises quality and reduces the market value. Researchers have identified 140 quantitative trait loci linked to chalkiness mapped across 12 chromosomes of the rice genome. However, the available genetic information acquired by employing advances in genetics has not been adequately exploited due to a lack of a reliable, rapid and high-throughput phenotyping tool to capture chalkiness. To derive extensive benefit from the genetic progress achieved, tools that facilitate high-throughput phenotyping of rice chalkiness are needed.

Results
We use a fully automated approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to detect chalkiness in rice grain images. Specifically, we train a CNN model to distinguish between chalky and non-chalky grains and subsequently use Grad-CAM to identify the area of a grain that is indicative of the chalky class. The area identified by the Grad-CAM approach takes the form of a smooth heatmap that can be used to quantify the degree of chalkiness. Experimental results on both polished and unpolished rice grains using standard instance classification and segmentation metrics have shown that Grad-CAM can accurately identify chalky grains and detect the chalkiness area.

Conclusions
We have successfully demonstrated the application of a Grad-CAM based tool to accurately capture high night temperature induced chalkiness in rice. The models trained will be made publicly available. They are easy-to-use, scalable and can be readily incorporated into ongoing rice breeding programs, without rice researchers requiring computer science or machine learning expertise.
Improving large-scale biomass and total alkaloid production of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. using a temporary immersion bioreactor system and MeJA elicitation
Authors: Zhang Benhou , Niu Zhitao , Li Chao , Hou Zhenyu , Xue Qingyun , Liu Wei , Ding Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is an important pharmacopeial plant with medicinal and ornamental value. This study sought to provide a technical means for the large-scale production of total alkaloid in D. nobile. Seedlings were cultured in vitro using a temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBS). The four tested immersion frequencies (min/h; 5/2, 5/4, 5/6, and 5/8) influenced the production of biomass and total alkaloid content. In addition, to compare the effects of different concentrations of the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and treatment time on biomass and total alkaloid accumulation, MeJA was added to the TIBS medium after 50 days. Finally, total alkaloid production in semi-solid system (SSS), TIBS, and TIBS combined with the MeJA system (TIBS-MeJA) were compared.

Results
The best immersion frequency was found to be 5/6 (5 min every 6 h), which ensured appropriate levels of biomass and total alkaloid content in plantlets. The alkaloid content and production level of seedlings were the highest after treatment with 10 μM MeJA separately for 20 and 30 days using TIBS. The maximum content (7.41 mg/g DW) and production level (361.24 mg/L) of total alkaloid on use of TIBS-MeJA were 2.32- and 4.69-fold, respectively, higher in terms of content, and 2.07- and 10.49-fold, respectively, higher in terms of production level than those on using of TIBS (3.20 mg/g DW, 174.34 mg/L) and SSS (1.58 mg/g DW, 34.44 mg/L).

Conclusions
Our results show TIBS-MeJA is suitable for large-scale production of total alkaloid in in vitro seedlings. Therefore, this study provides a technical means for the large-scale production of total alkaloid in D. nobile.
Chylothorax after pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for primary lung cancer; retrospective observational study
Authors: Yasuura Yoshiyuki , Konno Hayato , Hayakawa Takamitsu , Terada Yukihiro , Mizuno Kiyomichi , Kayata Hiroyuki , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ohde Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection for treating primary lung cancer could sometimes causes chylothorax as a postoperative complication. This study examined the validity of treatments for chylothorax in our hospital.

Methods
We evaluated 2019 patients who underwent lobectomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection for primary lung cancer at Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan, between September 2002 and March 2018. The diagnostic criteria for postoperative chylothorax were that the drainage from the pleural drain was evidently white and turbid, or the pleural effusion contained a triglyceride level of > 110 mg/dL. The clinical courses and treatments were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
Postoperative chylothorax occurred in 37 patients (1.8%), 20 men and 17 women, with a median age of 70 years (33–80). A low-fat diet was instituted to all patients; 35 cases improved with conservative treatment, and 2 cases required reoperation. Nine cases had a drainage volume ≥ 500 mL one day following the low-fat diet commencement, which was resolved with conservative treatment and decreased drainage was observed on the third day of treatment in seven of those cases. Two cases with excessive drainage of ≥ 1000 mL in one day and systemic symptoms associated with chyle loss needed surgery.

Conclusions
Even when the daily drainage volume exceeds 500 mL following a low-fat diet, there were many cases that could be cured conservatively. The indication for surgery needs to be carefully considered.
tRF3008A suppresses the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer by destabilizing FOXK1 in an AGO-dependent manner
Authors: Han Ying , Peng Yinghui , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xinwen , Cai Changjing , Guo Cao , Chen Yihong , Gao Le , Huang Qiaoqiao , He Min , Shen Edward , Long Jie , Yu Jian , Shen Hong , Zeng Shan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of tRFs to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown.

Methods
tRF3008A (a tRFRNA derived from tRNAVal) was identified by RNA sequencing and validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The role of tRF3008A in CRC progression was assessed both in vitro and in vivo, and its downstream target genes were identified and validated in CRC cells. RNA pull-down with mass spectrometry and AGO-RIP were used to confirm the interaction of tRF3008A and AGO proteins. The clinical implications of tRF3008A were assessed in CRC tissues and blood samples.

Results
The expression of tRF3008A was reduced in colorectal cancer, and its reduction was significantly correlated with advanced and metastatic disease in CRC. Patients with low tRF3008A expression showed significantly shorter DFS, and multivariate analysis identified tRF3008A as an independent prognostic biomarker in CRC. Functionally, tRF3008A inhibits the proliferation and migration of CRC in vivo and in vitro by repressing endogenous FOXK1, a positive regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mechanistically, tRF3008A binds to AGO proteins as a guide to destabilize oncogenic FOXK1 transcript.

Conclusions
tRF3008A suppresses the metastasis and progression of colorectal cancer by destabilizing FOXK1 in an AGO-dependent manner.
Lost in another language: a case report
Authors: Salamah Husam K. Z. , Mortier Eva , Wassenberg Renske , Strik Jacqueline J. M. H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In foreign language syndrome, patients switch from their native language and fixate for a period of time on a second language. There have been few reported cases. The language switch typically occurs postoperatively and spontaneously resolves after a short period of time. The primary cause of this switching remains unclear. There is speculation about the involvement of anesthesia, but its specific influence remains unclear.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old Dutch Caucasian male lost the ability to understand and speak Dutch for 24 hours after an orthopedic surgery, combined with a brief confused state including disorientation of place and the inability to recognize his parents. During the period, he communicated in English, which he had learned during school classes but had never spoken outside of school. Further follow-up, including neuropsychological examination, revealed no indication of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions
The exact pathophysiology of foreign language syndrome remains unclear, most specifically whether it is a syndrome of its own or a phenotype of emergence delirium. There is still much to be learned, and further research is needed.
Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by Borrelia afzelii: a case report
Authors: Torsteinsen Magne , Nilsen Hans-Johnny Schjeldrup , Damås Jan Kristian , Stensvåg-Midelfart Dordi , Nyrønning Linn Åldstedt , Bergh Kåre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory aneurysms and mycotic aneurysms make up a minority of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Mainly autoimmune mechanisms are proposed in the pathogenesis of inflammatory aneurysms, and it is not routine to check for infectious agents as disease culprits.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old European male with complaints of abdominal and back pain for 8 weeks was admitted after a semi-urgent computed tomography scan revealed an 85 mm inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient had normal vital signs, slightly elevated inflammatory markers, and mild anemia on admission. Clinical examination revealed a tender pulsating mass in his abdomen. His clinical condition was interpreted as impending rupture and urgent repair of the aneurysm was deemed necessary. Due to the patient’s relatively young age and aneurysm neck morphology, open aortic repair was preferred. Preoperatively, the aneurysm appeared inflamed, with fibrous wall thickening and perianeurysmal adhesions. Aneurysm wall biopsies were sent to histopathological and microbiological diagnostics. Routine cultures were negative, but 16S rRNA gene real-time polymerase chain reaction was positive and Borrelia afzelii was identified by DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product. B. afzelii was also identified by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction product of a Borrelia-specific groEL target. Immunoglobulin G and M anti-Borrelia antibodies were present on serological analysis. Histopathological analysis displayed loss of normal aortic wall structure and diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 1 week to a regional rehabilitation facility. Though the patient fares clinically well and inflammatory markers had normalized, antimicrobial treatment with doxycycline continues at 3 months follow-up due to remaining radiologic signs of inflammation.

Conclusions
Borrelia infection in the setting of acute aortic pathology is a rare entity. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm as a rare manifestation of Lyme disease. Aortic wall biopsies and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the specimen were essential for accurate diagnosis. This finding may contribute to the understanding of the etiology of inflammatory aneurysmal disease and abdominal aneurysms in general.