bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Antibiotic Agent and Mortality in Patients With Febrile Neutropenia due to Staphylococcal Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Aleissa Muneerah M , Gonzalez-Bocco Isabel H , Zekery-Saad Sara , Kubiak David W , Zhang Eric M , Signorelli Jessie , Hammond Sarah P , Mohareb Amir M , Luskin Marlise R , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Marty Francisco M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a common cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with febrile neutropenia, but treatment practices vary, and guidelines are not clear on the optimal regimen.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of MSSA BSI in febrile neutropenia. We divided patients into 3 treatment groups: (1) broad-spectrum beta-lactams (ie, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem); (2) narrow-spectrum beta-lactams (ie, cefazolin, oxacillin, nafcillin); and (3) combination beta-lactams (ie, both narrow- and broad-spectrum). We used multivariable logistic regression to compare 60-day mortality and bacteremia recurrence while adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
We identified 889 patients with MSSA BSI, 128 of whom had neutropenia at the time of the index culture: median age 56 (interquartile range, 43–65) years and 76 (59%) male. Of those, 56 (44%) received broad-spectrum beta-lactams, 30 (23%) received narrow-spectrum beta-lactams, and 42 (33%) received combination therapy. After adjusting for covariates, including disease severity, combination therapy was associated with a significantly higher odds for 60-day all-cause mortality compared with broad spectrum beta-lactams (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–8.89; P = .013) and compared with narrow spectrum beta-lactams, although the latter was not statistically significant (aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, .80–13.61; P = .071).

Conclusions
Use of combination beta-lactam therapy in patients with MSSA BSI and febrile neutropenia is associated with a higher mortality compared with treatment with broad-spectrum beta-lactam after adjusting for potential confounders. Patients in this study who transitioned to narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics did not have worse clinical outcomes compared with those who continued broad-spectrum beta-lactam therapy.
Retrospective Cohort Study of the 12-Month Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, Outcomes, and Health Care Costs Among Adult Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Lodise Thomas P , Manjelievskaia Janna , Marchlewicz Elizabeth Hoit , Rodriguez Mauricio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited data are available in the United States on the 12-month epidemiology, outpatient (OP) antibiotic treatment patterns, outcomes, and costs associated with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) in adult patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients with incident cUTIs in IBM MarketScan Databases between 2017 and 2019 was performed. Patients were categorized as OP or inpatient (IP) based on initial setting of care for index cUTI and were stratified by age (&lt;65 years vs ≥65 years). OP antibiotic treatment patterns, outcomes, and costs associated with cUTIs among adult patients over a 12-month follow-up period were examined.

Results
During the study period, 95 322 patients met inclusion criteria. Most patients were OPs (84%) and age &lt;65 years (87%). Treatment failure (receipt of new unique OP antibiotic or cUTI-related ED visit/IP admission) occurred in 23% and 34% of OPs aged &lt;65 years and ≥65 years, respectively. Treatment failure was observed in &gt;38% of IPs, irrespective of age. Across both cohorts and age strata, &gt;78% received ≥2 unique OP antibiotics, &gt;34% received ≥4 unique OP antibiotics, &gt;16% received repeat OP antibiotics, and &gt;33% received ≥1 intravenous (IV) OP antibiotics. The mean 12-month cUTI-related total health care costs were $4697 for OPs age &lt;65 years, $8924 for OPs age &gt;65 years, $15 401 for IPs age &lt;65 years, and $17 431 for IPs age ≥65 years.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the substantial 12-month health care burden associated with cUTIs and underscore the need for new outpatient treatment approaches that reduce the persistent or recurrent nature of many cUTIs.
Characterization of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47)-induced testicular toxicity via single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xia Siyu , Zhong Xiaoru , Gao Guoyong , Yang Jing , Wang Shuang , Cao Min , Liang Zhen , Yang Chuanbin , Wang Jigang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The growing male reproductive diseases have been linked to higher exposure to certain environmental compounds such as 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) that are widely distributed in the food chain. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms for BDE47-induced male reproductive toxicity are not completely understood.

Methods
Here, for the first time, advanced single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) was employed to dissect BDE47-induced prepubertal testicular toxicity in mice from a pool of 76 859 cells.

Results
Our ScRNA-seq results revealed shared and heterogeneous information of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and ligands-receptors in major testicular cell types in mice upon BDE47 treatment. Apart from disruption of hormone homeostasis, BDE47 was discovered to downregulate multiple previously unappreciated pathways such as double-strand break repair and cytokinesis pathways, indicative of their potential roles involved in BDE47-induced testicular injury. Interestingly, transcription factors analysis of ScRNA-seq results revealed that Kdm5b (lysine-specific demethylase 5B), a key transcription factor required for spermatogenesis, was downregulated in all germ cells as well as in Sertoli and telocyte cells in BDE47-treated testes of mice, suggesting its contribution to BDE47-induced impairment of spermatogenesis.

Conclusions
Overall, for the first time, we established the molecular cell atlas of mice testes to define BDE47-induced prepubertal testicular toxicity using the ScRNA-seq approach, providing novel insight into our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and pathways involved in BDE47-associated testicular injury at a single-cell resolution. Our results can serve as an important resource to further dissect the potential roles of BDE47, and other relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals, in inducing male reproductive toxicity.
Natural alleles of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 contribute to rice cultivation by fine-tuning flowering time
Authors: Lee Sang-Ji , Kang Kiyoon , Lim Jung-Hyun , Paek Nam-Chon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The timing of flowering is a crucial factor for successful grain production at a wide range of latitudes. Domestication of rice (Oryza sativa) included selection for natural alleles of flowering-time genes that allow rice plants to adapt to broad geographic areas. Here, we describe the role of natural alleles of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (OsCCA1) in cultivated rice based on analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms deposited in the International Rice Genebank Collection Information System database. Rice varieties harboring japonica-type OsCCA1 alleles (OsCCA1a haplotype) flowered earlier than those harboring indica-type OsCCA1 alleles (OsCCA1d haplotype). In the japonica cultivar “Dongjin”, a T-DNA insertion in OsCCA1a resulted in late flowering under long-day and short-day conditions, indicating that OsCCA1 is a floral inducer. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that the loss of OsCCA1a function induces the expression of the floral repressors PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 37 (OsPRR37) and Days to Heading 8 (DTH8), followed by repression of the Early heading date 1 (Ehd1)–Heading date 3a (Hd3a)–RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) pathway. Binding affinity assays indicated that OsCCA1 binds to the promoter regions of OsPRR37 and DTH8. Naturally occurring OsCCA1 alleles are evolutionarily conserved in cultivated rice (O. sativa). Oryza rufipogon-I (Or-I) and Or-III type accessions, representing the ancestors of O. sativa indica and japonica, harbored indica- and japonica-type OsCCA1 alleles, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OsCCA1 is a likely domestication locus that has contributed to the geographic adaptation and expansion of cultivated rice.
Under Suspicion: Trust Dynamics with Secret Undermining
Authors: Kolb Aaron , Madsen Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study how an organization should dynamically screen an agent of uncertain loyalty whom it suspects of committing damaging acts of undermining. The organization controls the stakes of the relationship, while the agent strategically times undermining, which can occur repeatedly and is detected only stochastically. The optimal commitment stakes policy exhibits both discreteness and gradualism, with distinct “untrusted” and “trusted” phases featuring gradually rising stakes during the untrusted phase and a discrete gap in stakes between phases. This policy is also the equilibrium outcome when the organization cannot commit, and the agent’s equilibrium undermining policy exhibits variable, non-monotonic intensity.
Histological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of cold acclimation of the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) leaf
Authors: Wang Haiyue , Guo Lin , Zha Ruofei , Gao Zhipeng , Yu Fen , Wei Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) leaf copes well with cold winters in southeastern China. However, until now, there has been almost no research on its adaptation mechanisms to cold weather. Herein, we found that the Moso bamboo leaf has evolved several anatomical structures that may play a role in enhancing its cold tolerance. These structures include fewer fusiform cells, smaller bulliform cells, lower stomata density and many more trichomes, as well as lower relative water content than in the leaf of a cold-sensitive bamboo species, Bambusa ventricosa. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that the winter leaf of Moso bamboo had 10- to 1000-fold higher stress-resistant metabolites such as glutathione, trehalose and ascorbic acid than the leaf of B. ventricosa on both warm and cold days. In contrast to the leaves that grew on a warm day, some metabolites such as glutathione and trehalose increased dramatically in the leaves of Moso bamboo that grew on a cold day. However, they unexpectedly decreased in the leaf of B. ventricosa growing at cold temperatures. Transcriptome analysis revealed a cold stress response network that includes trehalose, glutathione, flavonoid metabolism, DNA repair, reactive oxygen species degradation, stress-associated genes and abiotic stress-related plant hormones such as jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene. The potential mediator transcription factors, such as EREBP, HSF, MYB, NAC and WRYK, were also significantly upregulated in Moso bamboo leaves growing at cold temperatures. Interestingly, many newly identified genes were involved in the transcriptome of the winter leaf of the Moso bamboo. Most of these new genes have not even been annotated yet. The above results indicate that the Moso bamboo leaf has evolved special histological structures, metabolic pathways and a cold stress-tolerant transcriptome to adapt to the cold weather in its distribution areas.
Limited genetic diversity and expression profile of Plasmodium falciparum haem detoxification protein: a possible diagnostic target
Authors: Nema Shrikant , Krishna Sri , Tiwari Archana , Bharti Praveen Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Haem detoxification protein (HDP) is a significant protein in the erythrocytic stage of the Plasmodium lifecycle. HDP could be of paramount interest as a diagnostic biomarker for accurate diagnosis of malaria. We thus explored HDP genetic variation, expression levels of HDP and immune response.

Methods
Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Pfhdp orthologues sequences of various Plasmodium species. Blood samples were collected from patients in central India. Pfhdp gene was amplified, and sequenced by sanger DNA sequencing. B-cell epitopes were identified in PfHDP using Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction 2.0, and median-joining network was constructed using global PfHDP sequences. Pfhdp expression levels during erythrocytic stage were assessed using real-time qPCR at 4-h intervals. An IgG immune response against synthetic PfHDP peptides was analysed using ELISA.

Results
Phylogenetic analysis revealed the conserved nature of Pfhdp gene. Diversity analysis revealed one non-synonymous mutation (F91L) among all isolates. Neutrality tests indicated negative selection for Pfhdp gene. HDP was expressed throughout the erythrocytic cycle, and comparatively, high expression was observed in the late trophozoite and schizont stages. High IgG response against both peptides was observed, and no polymorphism was seen in any of the seven predicted B-cell epitopes.

Conclusions
Findings of the present study indicate the possibility of HDP being exploited as a diagnostic biomarker for Plasmodium falciparum malaria after proteomic validation studies.
Defects in plant immunity modulate the rates and patterns of RNA virus evolution
Authors: Navarro Rebeca , Ambrós Silvia , Butković Anamarija , Carrasco José L , González Rubén , Martínez Fernando , Wu Beilei , Elena Santiago F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is assumed that host genetic variability for susceptibility to infection conditions virus evolution. Differences in host susceptibility can drive a virus to diversify into strains that track different defense alleles (e.g. antigenic diversity) or to infect only the most susceptible genotypes. Here, we have studied how variability in host defenses determines the evolutionary fate of a plant RNA virus. We performed evolution experiments with Turnip mosaic potyvirus in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that had disruptions in infection-response signaling pathways or in genes whose products are essential for potyvirus infection. Plant genotypes were classified into five phenogroups according to their response to infection. We found that evolution proceeded faster in more restrictive hosts than in more permissive ones. Most of the phenotypic differences shown by the ancestral virus across host genotypes were removed after evolution, suggesting the combined action of selection and chance. When all evolved viral lineages were tested in all plant genotypes used in the experiments, we found compelling evidences that the most restrictive plant genotypes selected for more generalist viruses, while more permissive genotypes selected for more specialist viruses. Sequencing the genomes of the evolved viral lineages, we found that selection targeted the multifunctional genome-linked protein VPg in most host genotypes. Overall, this work illustrates how different host defenses modulate the rates and extent of virus evolution.
Thymoquinone Anticancer Effects Through the Upregulation of NRF2 and the Downregulation of PD‐L1 in MDA‐MB‐231 Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Adinew Getinet , Messeha Samia S. , Badisa Ramesh , Taka Equar , Soliman Karam F. A. 
Published: June 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a metastatic nature. TNBC lacks the expression of the progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The absence of these three receptors limits the therapy options. Meanwhile, conventional medication is not very effective in the treatment and prevention of TNBC. Developing innovative therapeutic agents from natural bioactive compounds is a viable option. In the current study, the natural compound thymoquinone (TQ) was used in MDA‐MB‐231 TNBC cells. A dose response to TQ (0‐50 µM) was obtained following a 24‐hour exposure. An Annexin V‐FITC apoptosis detection was used to study the apoptotic effect of TQ. With increasing TQ concentrations from 0‐20 µM, flow cytometer examination revealed an increase in apoptotic cells. Nearly 80% of the cells studied were in the apoptotic phase at 20 µM. (early and late apoptosis). Meanwhile, at 30 µM, there was a significant drop in apoptotic cells, which may be interpreted as an increase in necrotic cells. Molecular‐targeted therapy is a new approach in treating cancer. The effect of TQ on the expression of Nrf2(Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐ related factor 2) and PD‐L1 (Programmed death‐ligand 1) was investigated using a specific primary antibody against these proteins. A Western blot analysis confirmed TQ's ability to change the expression of both proteins under investigation. According to normalized data, TQ had the ability to elicit more than 2‐fold increase in Nrf2 expression in IFN‐γ stimulated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In contrast, co‐treated cells (IFN‐γ + TQ) showed a 65 percent reduction in PD‐L1 expression. In conclusion, TQ was suggested as a promising anticancer option for treating TNBC.
ABCDEFGHI Systematic Approach to Wound Assessment and Management
Authors: Hunt Sarah C. , Azad Sanjay 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The ABCDEFGHI approach introduces a systematic approach to wound care. It instructs the clinician to Ask pertinent questions, including those that may identify local and systemic Barriers to wound healing. After obtaining a thorough history, the clinician may proceed to Clean the wound and Do a physical examination, specifically looking for Exposed structures and Factors that will complicate the healing process. Good Healing strategies involving various dressings can then be implemented to promote healing. If necessary, a referral can be made to Involve specialists using various referral pathways. Information used to synthesize this approach was obtained through a review of national and international guidelines and Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases. The ABCDEFGHI approach to wound assessment and management is a simple and easy-to-follow guide that can be easily implemented into practice, thereby improving clinician confidence and competence in wound care.

GENERAL PURPOSE
The purpose of this continuing education article is to introduce the ABCDEFGHI approach to wound assessment and management.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Distinguish barriers to wound healing.
2. Summarize best practices for wound treatment strategies.
3. Explain the usefulness of complete blood count results during a wound investigation.
4. Identify a major factor to consider when deciding on a referral for wound management.
Clinical Experience with Compression Taping to Treat Seroma After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Medical Device Clinical Study
Authors: Fabro Erica Alves Nogueira , Teodózio Clarice Gomes Chagas , Costa Rejane Medeiros , Macedo Flávia Oliveira , Cardoso Aline Cecilia Drumond Dutra Luz Machado , Jacob Raquel Barroso Evaldt , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Bergmann Anke 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the safety of compressive taping in patients with seroma secondary to breast cancer surgery.

Methods
This study was a nonrandomized clinical study of medical devices applied to women indicated for seroma aspiration puncture after breast cancer surgery in a public reference hospital in Brazil. The intervention consisted of applying compressive taping over the seroma fluctuation area and maintained for 5 days. Evaluated outcomes comprised dermal changes caused by taping, subjective symptoms reported during the intervention period, and percent change in the punctured volume before and after the intervention.

Results
A total of 35 women (mean age, 56.7 ± 12.2 years) were included. Most presented with an advanced disease stage (≥IIB; 62.9%). Although a 28.6% incidence of dermal changes caused by taping was observed, an average reduction in the aspirated volume of −28.2 mL was identified (95% confidence interval, −48.3 to −8.0; P = .008). Treatment adherence was high (91.4%), and most patients reported satisfaction with the treatment (85.7%).

Conclusions
The use of compressive taping on seroma areas can be considered safe, is well accepted by patients, and might be used as a noninvasive treatment option for seroma developing after breast cancer surgery.
The Impact of Care Bundles on the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Avsar Pinar , Patton Declan , Sayeh Aicha , Ousey Karen , Blackburn Joanna , O’Connor Tom , Moore Zena 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This systematic review assesses the effects of care bundles on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs).

DATA SOURCES
The search was conducted between February and May 2021, using PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if they used systematic review methodology, were in English, used a quantitative design, and explored the use of care bundles for SSI prevention. A total of 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 26 provided data conducive to meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted using a predesigned extraction tool, and analysis was undertaken using RevMan (Cochrane, London, UK). Quality appraisal was undertaken using evidence-based librarianship.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The mean sample size was 7,982 (median, 840) participants. There was a statistically significant difference in SSI incidence in favor of using a care bundle (SSI incidence 4%, 703/17,549 in the care bundle group vs 7%, 1,157/17,162 in the usual care group). The odds ratio was 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.73; P < .00001), suggesting that there is a 45% reduction in the odds of SSI development for the care bundle group. The mean validity score for all studies was 84% (SD, 0.04%).

CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that implementing care bundles reduced SSI incidence. However, because there was clinically important variation in the composition of and compliance with care bundles, additional research with standardized care bundles is needed to confirm this finding.
Health Care Leaders' Perspectives on How Continuous Professional Development Can Be Promoted in a Hospital Organization
Authors: Alsiö Åsa , Pettersson Anna , Silén Charlotte 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Leaders play a central role in continuous learning processes aimed to improve health care. However, knowledge of how leaders with power and influence in hospital organizations promote the means for continuous learning in practice is scarce. This study aims to explore how key stakeholders in a hospital organization think about approaches and roles when promoting the reflective practice in small groups as means for continuous professional development in their organizations.

Methods:
Six key stakeholders from a regional hospital (two department directors, two ward managers, and two resident supervisors) were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and an abductive content analysis was performed.

Results:
In the current study, leaders stressed that cultural and structural conditions at all levels in the system were important for the practice of small-group learning. Yet, their suggested approaches referred exclusively to a limited part of the system and were directed to staff at lower hierarchical levels within their jurisdictions.

Discussion:
The identified gap between the suggested approaches and the claimed conditions for implementing a new strategy for continuous professional development among leaders in a health care organization illuminates difficulties in the implementation process. Providing adequate conditions at all levels of the system demands implementation approaches that include the entire hospital system. This requires that leaders first recognize their need to learn and apply a systemic perspective, and second, that they can create such learning opportunities for themselves.