bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Observational Study of Implementing an Equine-Assisted Services Program Within a VA Medical Center Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program
Authors: Marchand William R , Joubert Katryna , Smith Judy , Nazarenko Elena , Klinger William , Sheppard Stephen , Hoopes Karl H 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this observational pilot study was to assess the safety, feasibility, preliminary outcomes, and predictors of participant response as a result of implementing an equine-assisted intervention within a residential substance abuse treatment program at a large Veterans Administration medical center. A secondary aim was to evaluate psychological instruments for use in future, more rigorous studies. The overarching goal was to complete the necessary work to prepare for a large randomized controlled trial of this intervention for Veterans with addictive disorders.

Materials and Methods
Participants were 33 Veterans, 29 males and 4 females, who participated in one 4-hour session of combined equine-assisted learning and equine-assisted psychotherapy during an admission to a residential substance abuse treatment program. Preintervention and postintervention instruments were utilized to assess changes in affect, anxiety, and craving. Demographic and diagnostic variables were evaluated for the potential to predict outcomes.

Results
The intervention was safe and feasible to utilize as there were no adverse outcomes to patients, staff, or equines. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Craving Experience Questionnaire, and Positive and Negative Affect Scale revealed preliminary findings of significant preintervention to postintervention decreases in anxiety, negative affect, and craving, as well as increased positive affect. Lastly, the presence or absence of a history of suicide attempts and/or suicidal ideation were predictive of some postintervention scores.

Conclusion
While more rigorous studies are needed, these results indicate that the intervention evaluated in this study is safe and feasible to utilize for Veterans admitted to a residential substance abuse treatment program. Furthermore, preliminary outcomes suggest that this intervention, and perhaps other equine-assisted interventions, has the potential to be beneficial to Veterans with addictive disorders as well as those at risk of suicide. The psychological instruments used in this intervention appear to be appropriate for use in future investigations. Additionally, more rigorous studies are warranted, and this work provides the necessary first steps needed to proceed with those investigations.
The ALMA REBELS survey: the dust content of z ∼ 7 Lyman break galaxies
Authors: Dayal P , Ferrara A , Sommovigo L , Bouwens R , Oesch P A , Smit R , Gonzalez V , Schouws S , Stefanon M , Kobayashi C , Bremer J , Algera H S B , Aravena M , Bowler R A A , da Cunha E , Fudamoto Y , Graziani L , Hodge J , Inami H , De Looze I , Pallottini A , Riechers D , Schneider R , Stark D , Endsley R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We include a fully coupled treatment of metal and dust enrichment into the Delphi semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to explain the dust content of 13 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) detected by the Atacama Large millimetre Array (ALMA) REBELS Large Program at z ≃ 7. We find that the galaxy dust mass, Md, is regulated by the combination of Type II supernova dust production, astration, shock destruction, and ejection in outflows; grain growth (with a standard time-scale τ0 = 30 Myr) plays a negligible role. The model predicts a dust-to-stellar mass ratio of $\sim 0.07\!-\!0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and a UV-to-total star formation rate relation such that log(ψUV) = −0.05 [log(ψ)]2 + 0.86 log(ψ) − 0.05 (implying that 55–80 per cent of the star formation is obscured) for REBELS galaxies with stellar mass $M_* = 10^{9}\!-\!10^{10} \rm M_\odot$. This relation reconciles the intrinsic UV luminosity of LBGs with their observed luminosity function at z = 7. However, 2 out of the 13 systems show dust-to-stellar mass ratios ($\sim 0.94\!-\!1.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) that are up to 18 times larger than expected from the fiducial relation. Due to the physical coupling between dust and metal enrichment, even decreasing τ0 to very low values (0.3 Myr) only increases the dust-to-stellar mass ratio by a factor of ∼2. Given that grain growth is not a viable explanation for such high observed ratios of the dust-to-stellar mass, we propose alternative solutions.
The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH) – II. Extended star formation and bar-like features in the dwarf galaxy NGC 3741: recent merger or ongoing gas accretion?
Authors: Annibali F , Bacchini C , Iorio G , Bellazzini M , Pascale R , Beccari G , Cignoni M , Ciotti L , Nipoti C , Sacchi E , Tosi M , Cusano F , Bisogni S , Gargiulo A , Paris D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTUsing Large Binocular Telescope deep imaging data from the Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH) and archival Hubble Space Telescope data, we reveal the presence of two elongated stellar features contiguous to a bar-like stellar structure in the inner regions of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 3741. These structures are dominated by stars younger than a few hundred Myr and collectively are about twice as extended as the old stellar component. These properties are very unusual for dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe and difficult to explain by hydro-dynamical simulations. From the analysis of archival 21-cm observations, we find that the young stellar ‘bar’ coincides with an H i high-density region proposed by previous studies to be a purely gaseous bar; we furthermore confirm radial motions of a few km s−1, compatible with an inflow/outflow, and derive a steeply rising rotation curve and high H i surface density at the centre, indicating a very concentrated mass distribution. We propose that the peculiar properties of the stellar and gaseous components of NGC 3741 may be explained by a recent merger or ongoing gas accretion from the intergalactic medium, which caused gas inflows towards the galaxy centre and triggered star formation a few hundred Myr ago. This event may explain the young and extended stellar features, the bar-like structure, the very extended H i disc and the central H i spiral arms. The high central H i density and the steeply rising rotation curve suggest that NGC 3741 may be the progenitor or the descendant of a starburst dwarf.
Fast map-based simulations of systematics in CMB surveys including effects of the scanning strategy
Authors: McCallum Nialh , Thomas Daniel B , Brown Michael L 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present approaches to quickly simulate systematics affecting CMB observations, including the effects of the scanning strategy. Using summary properties of the scan, we capture features of full time ordered data (TOD) simulations, allowing maps and power spectra to be generated at much improved speed for a number of systematics – the cases we present experienced speed ups of 3–4 orders of magnitude when implementing the map-based approaches. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches at capturing the salient features of the scan by directly comparing to full TOD simulations – seeing agreement at sub-per cent levels of accuracy. We simulate the effects of differential gain, pointing, and ellipticity to show the effectiveness of the approaches, but note that one could extend these techniques to other systematics. We finally show how to apply these fast map-based simulations of systematic effects to a full focal plane showing their ability to incorporate thousands of detectors as seen in modern CMB experiments.
The 6 × 2pt method: supernova velocities meet multiple tracers
Authors: Quartin Miguel , Amendola Luca , Moraes Bruno 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new methodology to analyse in a comprehensive way large-scale and supernova (or any other distance indicator) surveys. Our approach combines galaxy and supernova position and redshift data with supernova peculiar velocities, obtained through their magnitude scatter, to construct a 6 × 2pt analysis that includes six power spectra. The 3 × 3 correlation matrix of these spectra expresses exhaustively the information content of the surveys at the linear level. We then proceed to forecast the performance of future surveys like Legacy Survey of Space and Time and 4MOST with a Fisher matrix analysis, adopting both a model-dependent and a model-independent approach. We compare the performance of the 6 × 2pt approach to that of the traditional one using only galaxy clustering and some recently proposed combinations of galaxy and supernova data and quantify the possible gains by optimally extracting the linear information. We show that the 6 × 2pt method shrinks the uncertainty area in the $\sigma _8, \, \gamma$ plane by more than half when compared to the traditional method. The combined clustering and velocity data on the growth of structures have uncertainties at similar levels to those of the cosmic microwave background but exhibit orthogonal degeneracies, and the combined constraints yield improvements of factors of 5 or more in each of the five cosmological parameters considered here. Concerning the model-independent results, we find that our method can improve the constraints on H(z)/H0 in all redshift bins by more than 70 per cent with respect to the galaxy clustering alone and by 30 per cent when supernova velocities (but not clustering) are considered, reaching a precision of 3–4 per cent at high redshifts.
Detecting the power spectrum turnover with H i intensity mapping
Authors: Cunnington Steven 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
A goal for pathfinder intensity mapping (IM) surveys will be detecting features in the neutral hydrogen (${{\rm H}\, \small {\rm I}}$) power spectrum, which serve as conclusive evidence of cosmological signals. Observing such features at the expected scales in ${{\rm H}\, \small {\rm I}}$ IM autocorrelations, where contribution from systematics is uncertain, will provide a more convincing cosmological detection. We demonstrate how the turnover, i.e. the peak of the power spectrum at ultra-large scales, can be detected with ${{\rm H}\, \small {\rm I}}$ IM. We find that a MeerKAT 4000$\, \text{deg}^2$ survey using the UHF band is capable of a 3.1σ detection of the turnover, relative to a null model power spectrum with no turnover. This should exceed what is capable by current galaxy surveys in optical and near-infrared. The detection significance falls to ∼1σ in MeerKAT’s L band but can reach ∼13σ with the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO), which should easily surpass the constraintsno from future Stage-IV-like spectroscopic galaxy surveys. We also propose a new model-independent methodology for constraining the precise turnover scale (k0) and our tests on UHF-band simulated data achieved a precision of 10 per cent. This improved to 2.4 per cent when using the full SKAO. We demonstrate how the results are robust to foreground contamination by using transfer functions, even when an incorrect cosmology has been assumed in their construction. Given that the turnover is related to the horizon scale at matter–radiation equality, a sufficiently precise constraint of k0 presents the possibility for a novel probe of cosmology. We therefore present a potential methodology for constructing a standard-ruler-based distance measurement, independent of the sound horizon, using the turnover location in the ${{\rm H}\, \small {\rm I}}$ power spectrum.
Evaluation of copper uptake in individual spores of Streptomyces coelicolor and endogenic nanoparticles formation to modulate the secondary metabolism
Authors: García Cancela P , González Quiñónez N , Corte-Rodríguez M , Bettmer J , Manteca A , Montes-Bayón M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Copper modulates secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. Although the cytosolic copper concentration is controlled by several chaperones and transporters, the formation of copper nanoparticles (NPs) and its relation to the antibiotic production has never been established in the model Streptomyces coelicolor. In this work, state-of-the-art analytical tools are used to evaluate the incorporation of copper in individual spores of S. coelicolor at different exposure concentrations (40, 80, and 160 μM Cu). Among them, the use of single cell-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed incorporation levels in the range of 2 to 2.5 fg/spore (median) increasing up to 4.75 fg/spore at the upper exposure concentrations. The copper storage within the spores in the form of NPs was evaluated using a combination of single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained data confirmed the presence of NPs in the range of 8 to 40 (mean size 21 nm) inside S. coelicolor spores. The presence of the NPs was correlated with the actinorhodin production in liquid non-sporulating cultures amended with up to 80 μM Cu. However, further increase to 160 μM Cu, yielded to a significant decrease in antibiotic production. Secondary metabolism is activated under stressful conditions and cytosolic copper seems to be one of the signals triggering antibiotic production. Particularly, NP formation might contribute to modulate the secondary metabolism and prevent for copper toxicity. This work describes, for first time, the formation of endogenous copper NPs in S. coelicolor and reveals their correlation with the secondary metabolism.
Formal Hepatitis C Education Increases Willingness to Receive Therapy in an On-site Shelter-Based HCV Model of Care in Persons Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Partida Diana , Powell Jesse , Ricco Margaret , Naugle Jessica , Magee Catherine , Zevin Barry , Masson Carmen L , Konadu Fokuo J , Gonzalez Daniel , Khalili Mandana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of formal hepatitis C virus (HCV) education on engagement in therapy in persons experiencing homelessness in an on-site shelter-based model of care. As policies to eliminate Medicaid access restrictions to HCV treatment are expanded, patient education is paramount to achieving HCV elimination targets in difficult-to-engage populations including persons experiencing homelessness.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted at 4 shelters in San Francisco and Minneapolis from August 2018 to January 2021. Of the 162 HCV Ab–positive participants, 150 participated in a 30-minute HCV education session. Posteducation changes in knowledge, beliefs, barriers to care, and willingness to accept therapy scores were assessed.

Results
Following education, knowledge scores (mean change, 4.4 ± 4.4; P &lt; .001) and willingness to accept therapy (70% to 86%; P = .0002) increased. Perceived barriers to HCV care decreased (mean change, –0.8 ± 5.2; P = .001). Higher baseline knowledge was associated with lesser gain in knowledge following education (coef., –0.7; P &lt; .001). Posteducation knowledge (odds ratio, 1.2; P = .008) was associated with willingness to accept therapy.

Conclusions
An HCV educational intervention successfully increased willingness to engage in HCV therapy in persons experiencing homelessness in an on-site shelter-based HCV model of care.
Breast Cancer Treatment Delay in SafetyNet Health Systems, Houston Versus Southeast Brazil
Authors: Shafaee Maryam Nemati , Silva Leonardo Roberto , Ramalho Susana , Doria Maira Teixeira , De Andrade Natal Rodrigo , Cabello Victor , Cons Livia , Pavanello Marina , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Mano Max S , Linck Rudinei Diogo Marques , Batista Leticia Souza , Pedro Estela Pantarotto , De Paula Bruno Henrique , Zuca-Matthes Gustavo , Podany Emily , Makawita Shalini , Ann Stewart Kelsey , Tsavachidis Spiridon , Tamimi Rull , Bondy Melissa , Debord Logan , Ellis Matthew , Bines Jose , Cabello Cesar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer outcomes among patients who use safety-net hospitals in the highly populated Harris County, Texas and Southeast Brazil are poor. It is unknown whether treatment delay contributes to these outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011 at Harris Health Texas and Unicamp’s Women’s Hospital, Barretos Hospital, and Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Brazil. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate association of time to treatment and risk of recurrence (ROR) or death.

Results
One thousand one hundred ninety-one patients were included. Women in Brazil were more frequently diagnosed with stage III disease (32.3% vs. 21.1% Texas; P = .002). Majority of patients in both populations had symptom-detected disease (63% in Brazil vs. 59% in Texas). Recurrence within 5 years from diagnosis was similar 21% versus 23%. Median time from diagnosis to first treatment defined as either systemic therapy (chemotherapy or endocrine therapy) or surgery, were comparable, 9.9 weeks versus 9.4 weeks. Treatment delay was not associated with increased ROR or death. Higher stage at diagnosis was associated with both increased ROR and death.

Conclusion
Time from symptoms to treatment was considerably long in both populations. Treatment delay did not affect outcomes.

Impact
Access to timely screening and diagnosis of breast cancer are priorities in these populations.
Health care utilization and costs following Kawasaki disease
Authors: Robinson Cal , Chanchlani Rahul , Gayowsky Anastasia , Darling Elizabeth , Seow Hsien , Batthish Michelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common childhood vasculitis with increasing incidence in Canada. Acute KD hospitalizations are associated with high health care costs. However, there is minimal health care utilization data following initial hospitalization. Our objective was to determine rates of health care utilization and costs following KD diagnosis.

Methods
We used population-based health administrative databases to identify all children (0 to 18 years) hospitalized for KD in Ontario between 1995 and 2018. Each case was matched to 100 nonexposed comparators by age, sex, and index year. Follow-up continued until death or March 2019. Our primary outcomes were rates of hospitalization, emergency department (ED), and outpatient physician visits. Our secondary outcomes were sector-specific and total health care costs.

Results
We compared 4,597 KD cases to 459,700 matched comparators. KD cases had higher rates of hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio 2.07, 95%CI 2.00 to 2.15), outpatient visits (1.30, 95%CI 1.28 to 1.33), and ED visits (1.22, 95%CI 1.18 to 1.26) throughout follow-up. Within 1 year post-discharge, 717 (15.6%) KD cases were re-hospitalized, 4,587 (99.8%) had ≥1 outpatient physician visit and 1,695 (45.5%) had ≥1 ED visit. KD cases had higher composite health care costs post-discharge (e.g., median cost within 1 year: $2466 CAD [KD cases] versus $234 [comparators]). Total health care costs for KD cases, respectively, were $13.9 million within 1 year post-discharge and $54.8 million throughout follow-up (versus $2.2 million and $23.9 million for an equivalent number of comparators).

Conclusions
Following diagnosis, KD cases had higher rates of health care utilization and costs versus nonexposed children. The rising incidence and costs associated with KD could place a significant burden on health care systems.
The multiple fates of gene duplications: Deletion, hypofunctionalization, subfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, dosage balance constraints, and neutral variation
Authors: Birchler James A , Yang Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene duplications have long been recognized as a contributor to the evolution of genes with new functions. Multiple copies of genes can result from tandem duplication, from transposition to new chromosomes, or from whole-genome duplication (polyploidy). The most common fate is that one member of the pair is deleted to return the gene to the singleton state. Other paths involve the reduced expression of both copies (hypofunctionalization) that are held in duplicate to maintain sufficient quantity of function. The two copies can split functions (subfunctionalization) or can diverge to generate a new function (neofunctionalization). Retention of duplicates resulting from doubling of the whole genome occurs for genes involved with multicomponent interactions such as transcription factors and signal transduction components. In contrast, these classes of genes are underrepresented in small segmental duplications. This complementary pattern suggests that the balance of interactors affects the fate of the duplicate pair. We discuss the different mechanisms that maintain duplicated genes, which may change over time and intersect.
Embryonic reactivation of FLOWERING LOCUS C by ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 establishes the vernalization requirement in each Arabidopsis generation
Authors: Xu Guokai , Tao Zeng , He Yuehui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many over-wintering plants grown in temperate climate acquire competence to flower upon prolonged cold exposure in winter, through vernalization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, prolonged cold exposure induces the silencing of the potent floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) through repressive chromatin modifications by Polycomb proteins. This repression is maintained to enable flowering after return to warmth, but is reset during seed development. Here, we show that embryonic FLC reactivation occurs in two phases: resetting of cold-induced FLC silencing during embryogenesis and further FLC activation during embryo maturation. We found that the B3 transcription factor (TF) ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) mediates both FLC resetting in embryogenesis and further activation of FLC expression in embryo maturation. ABI3 binds to the cis-acting cold memory element at FLC and recruits a scaffold protein with active chromatin modifiers to reset FLC chromatin into an active state in late embryogenesis. Moreover, in response to abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation during embryo maturation, ABI3, together with the basic leucine zipper TF ABI5, binds to an ABA-responsive cis-element to further activate FLC expression to high level. Therefore, we have uncovered the molecular circuitries underlying embryonic FLC reactivation following parental vernalization, which ensures that each generation must experience winter cold prior to flowering.