bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural–urban landscapes in a tropical megacity
Authors: Marcacci Gabriel , Grass Ingo , Rao Vikas S. , Kumar S Shabarish , Tharini K. B. , Belavadi Vasuki V. , Nölke Nils , Tscharntke Teja , Westphal Catrin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrbanization poses a major threat to biodiversity and food security, as expanding cities, especially in the Global South, increasingly compete with natural and agricultural lands. However, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity in tropical regions is overlooked. Here we assess how urbanization affects the functional response of farmland bees, the most important pollinators for crop production. We sampled bees across three seasons in 36 conventional vegetable‐producing farms spread along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, an Indian megacity. We investigated how landscape and local environmental drivers affected different functional traits (sociality, nesting behavior, body size, and specialization) and functional diversity (functional dispersion) of bee communities. We found that the functional responses to urbanization were trait specific with more positive than negative effects of gray area (sealed surfaces and buildings) on species richness, functional diversity, and abundance of most functional groups. As expected, larger, solitary, cavity‐nesting, and, surprisingly, specialist bees benefited from urbanization. In contrast to temperate cities, the abundance of ground nesters increased in urban areas, presumably because larger patches of bare soil were still available beside roads and buildings. However, overall bee abundance and the abundance of social bees (85% of all bees) decreased with urbanization, threatening crop pollination. Crop diversity promotes taxonomic and functional diversity of bee communities. Locally, flower resources promote the abundance of all functional groups, and natural vegetation can maintain diverse pollinator communities throughout the year, especially during the noncropping season. However, exotic plants decrease functional diversity and bee specialization. To safeguard bees and their pollination services in urban farms, we recommend (1) preserving seminatural vegetation (hedges) around cropping fields to provide nesting opportunities for aboveground nesters, (2) promoting farm‐level crop diversification of beneficial crops (e.g., pulses, vegetables, and spices), (3) maintaining native natural vegetation along field margins, and (4) controlling and removing invasive exotic plants that disrupt native plant–pollinator interactions. Overall, our results suggest that urban agriculture can maintain functionally diverse bee communities and, if managed in a sustainable manner, be used to develop win–win solutions for biodiversity conservation of pollinators and food security in and around cities.
Modeling net ecosystem carbon balance and loss in coastal wetlands exposed to sea‐level rise and saltwater intrusion
Authors: Ishtiaq Khandker S. , Troxler Tiffany G. , Lamb‐Wotton Lukas , Wilson Benjamin J. , Charles Sean P. , Davis Stephen E. , Kominoski John S. , Rudnick David T. , Sklar Fred H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoastal wetlands are globally important stores of carbon (C). However, accelerated sea‐level rise (SLR), increased saltwater intrusion, and modified freshwater discharge can contribute to the collapse of peat marshes, converting coastal peatlands into open water. Applying results from multiple experiments from sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense)‐dominated freshwater and brackish water marshes in the Florida Coastal Everglades, we developed a system‐level mechanistic peat elevation model (EvPEM). We applied the model to simulate net ecosystem C balance (NECB) and peat elevation in response to elevated salinity under inundation and drought exposure. Using a mass C balance approach, we estimated net gain in C and corresponding export of aquatic fluxes () in the freshwater marsh under ambient conditions (NECB = 1119 ± 229 gC m−2 year−1; FAQ = 317 ± 186 gC m−2 year−1). In contrast, the brackish water marsh exhibited substantial peat loss and aquatic C export with ambient (NECB = −366 ± 15 gC m−2 year−1; FAQ = 311 ± 30 gC m−2 year−1) and elevated salinity (NECB = −594 ± 94 gC m−2 year−1; FAQ = 729 ± 142 gC m−2 year−1) under extended exposed conditions. Further, mass balance suggests a considerable decline in soil C and corresponding elevation loss with elevated salinity and seasonal dry‐down. Applying EvPEM, we developed critical marsh net primary productivity (NPP) thresholds as a function of salinity to simulate accumulating, steady‐state, and collapsing peat elevations. The optimization showed that ~150–1070 gC m−2 year−1 NPP could support a stable peat elevation (elevation change ≈ SLR), with the corresponding salinity ranging from 1 to 20 ppt under increasing inundation levels. The C budgeting and modeling illustrate the impacts of saltwater intrusion, inundation, and seasonal dry‐down and reduce uncertainties in understanding the fate of coastal peat wetlands with SLR and freshwater restoration. The modeling results provide management targets for hydrologic restoration based on the ecological conditions needed to reduce the vulnerability of the Everglades' peat marshes to collapse. The approach can be extended to other coastal peatlands to quantify C loss and improve understanding of the influence of the biological controls on wetland C storage changes for coastal management.
Prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results of multicenter Italian nationwide study
Authors: Troncone Alda , Affuso Gaetana , Cascella Crescenzo , Chianese Antonietta , Pizzini Barbara , Zanfardino Angela , Iafusco Dario ,   Diabetes Study Group of Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in a large sample of Italian adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to explore potential demographic, clinical, and psychological differences (understood as emotional and behavioral problems) among adolescents with and without DEBs.MethodAdolescents (11–19 years) with type 1 diabetes completed the Diabetes Eating Problems Survey‐revised (DEPS‐r) and the Youth Self Report (YSR). Demographic and clinical data were also collected.ResultsOf 690 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (mean age 14.97 ± 1.81, n = 337 girls) assessed in this study, 28.1% (21% boys, 35% girls) were DEPS‐r positive (score ≥ 20). Girls had higher DEPS‐r total scores (p < .0001, d = .42) than boys, although no age differences were found in mean DEPS‐r total scores (p = .961). In both genders, adolescents with DEBs had significantly higher zBMI (p < .0001, d = .52) and HbA1c values (p < .0001, d = .54) and showed more emotional and behavioral problems (both as internalizing and externalizing problems) than those without DEBs (all p < .0001). These differences were largely confirmed in all age groups. Adolescents reporting insulin misuse had higher HbA1c values (p = .001, d = .26), higher DEPS‐r mean scores (p < .0001, d = 1.07), and greater psychological problems (all p < .001) than those who did not.DiscussionDEBs are prevalent among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and those with eating problems showed adverse clinical and psychological conditions. Routine screening for DEBs and of general psychological condition should be a fundamental part of diabetes care, especially during adolescence.Public significance statementThis nationwide study indicated that DEBs are common in adolescents with T1D, and those suffering from them show poorer clinical conditions and higher emotional and behavioral problems. As such, it offers important contributions for those working with EDs and in the T1D field, as it provides a deeper understanding of the co‐occurring DEBs–emotional/behavioral problems in youths with T1D and highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of their psychological condition by a multidisciplinary team.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on intensive cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes in patients with anorexia nervosa—A cohort study
Authors: Dalle Grave Riccardo , Dalle Grave Anna , Bani Elena , Oliosi Alessandra , Conti Maddalena , Dametti Laura , Calugi Simona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the efficacy of an intensive treatment based on enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) in patients with anorexia nervosa.MethodsThis cohort study analyzed 57 patients with anorexia nervosa who experienced the COVID‐19 pandemic during intensive CBT‐E, comparing their outcomes (body mass index [BMI], eating‐disorder and general psychopathology, and clinical impairment) with those of patients with anorexia nervosa matched by gender, age, and BMI given the same treatment before the COVID‐19 outbreak as controls. Patients were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment and after 20 weeks of follow‐up.ResultsMore than 75% of patients during the pandemic versus 85% of controls completed the treatment, a difference that was not significant. BMI, eating disorder and general psychopathology and clinical impairment scores improved significantly from baseline to 20‐week follow‐up in both groups. However, the improvement was more marked in controls than in those treated during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionPatients with anorexia nervosa given intensive CBT‐E during the COVID‐19 pandemic had significantly improved psychopathology, albeit to a lesser extent than patients given the same treatment before the COVID‐19 pandemic.Public significance statementIn this study, the outcome of 57 patients with anorexia treated with intensive enhanced cognitive behavior therapy during the COVID‐19 pandemic was compared with a matched group treated before the pandemic hit. The rate of remission from anorexia nervosa was similar between the two groups. However, patients exposed to the COVID‐19 pandemic showed lesser improvement than those not exposed.
Trait relationships of fungal decomposers in response to drought using a dual field and laboratory approach
Authors: Alster Charlotte J. , Allison Steven D. , Treseder Kathleen K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDecomposer fungi play a fundamental role in terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. In the southwestern United States, climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which may alter fungal community composition and activity. Investigating relationships between fungal traits may improve the prediction of fungal responses to drought. In this dual field and laboratory experiment, we examine whether trade‐offs occur between traits associated with drought. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that fungi sort into lifestyles specializing in growthyield, resourceacquisition, and droughtstress tolerance (“YAS” framework). For the field experiment, we constructed microbial “cages” containing sterilized litter and 1 of 10 fungal isolates. These cages were placed in long‐term drought and control plots in a southern Californian grassland for 6 and 12 months. We measured fungal hyphal length per unit litter mass loss for growth yield, the potential activities of four extracellular enzymes for resource acquisition, and the ability to grow in the drought versus control plots for drought stress tolerance. We compared these results with a laboratory microcosm experiment constructed with the same fungal isolates and that measured the same fungal traits. The field experiment corroborated our laboratory results, in that no trade‐offs were observed between growth yield and resource acquisition traits. However, in contrast to the laboratory experiment, drought tolerance was negatively related to extracellular enzyme activity and growth yield in the field, implying a trade‐off. Despite this observed trade‐off in the field, growth yield was not hindered by drought. We propose a modification to the YAS framework, by combining the growth yield and resource acquisition lifestyles, which may be more appropriate for this arid system. This joint laboratory and field approach contextualizes a theoretical framework in microbial ecology and improves understanding of fungal community response to climate change.
Evaluation of sample collection and storage protocols for surface eDNA surveys of an invasive terrestrial insect
Authors: Peterson Donnie L. , Allen Michael C. , Vastano Anthony , Lockwood Julie L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA surveys have revolutionized monitoring of rare or cryptic species and species inhabiting areas where conventional sampling is difficult or dangerous. Recent advancements within terrestrial environments include the capture of eDNA deposited by animals on surfaces such as tree bark and foliage, hereafter “surface eDNA.” Notably, a technique which uses commercial paint rollers to aggregate surface eDNA has been deployed with success to detect the presence of forest insect pests providing a potentially powerful new management tool. However, before widespread adoption is feasible, the efficiency and logistics of roller sample collection and study design, especially relative to realistic survey conditions, must be evaluated. We compared the performance of two DNA preservation treatments—cold and ethanol—on their ability to reduce the loss of captured eDNA on rollers over time. Additionally, we evaluated how the detection probability of our target species, the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), varied with sampling effort (time spent rolling per sample) and the initial quantity of eDNA present. Finally, we evaluated how the number of trees sampled per roller influenced the final concentrations of lanternfly eDNA remaining on the roller. We found storing rollers with ethanol or cold temperatures resulted in 3–10‐fold greater concentrations of experimentally controlled eDNA relative to no treatment after 24 h. Detection probability declined as the amount of lanternfly eDNA decreased, but did not change in response to sampling effort over sample time (10–80 s/tree). Finally, recovered lanternfly eDNA decreased as more trees were sampled by a single roller—a 91% reduction after 7 trees—potentially due to captured DNA being transferred back from the roller onto the bark. Our results provide improved guidance for deploying roller surface eDNA methods for spotted lanternfly surveys, and for invasive insect pest surveillance and monitoring programs generally.
Rivers under pressure: Interdisciplinary feasibility analysis of sustainable hydropower
Authors: Iho Antti , Soininen Niko , Vehviläinen Iivo , Koljonen Saija , Artell Janne , Belinskij Antti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal biodiversity loss is most severe in freshwaters, particularly in river ecosystems. Hydropower is one of the main culprits. While being promoted as a carbon free source of renewable energy, hydropower disrupts the flow, habitats, and biota of rivers. Environmental policies and programs seek to mitigate the damage hydropower causes. Any policy action aiming at making the utilization of our rivers more sustainable must be ecologically, economically, and legally feasible. We show that the interdisciplinary feasibility of mitigation measures divides existing facilities into three categories (i) large facilities in which biodiversity mitigation measures are needed but electricity generation and balancing the electricity grid should remain as their main focus, (ii) small facilities in which dam removal and full scale river restoration measures can be taken by assisting the facilities to seize operations, preferably just before their next big investments, and (iii) medium facilities where benefits and trade‐offs associated with alternative paths should be analyzed case‐by‐case to determine the most feasible path forward. Policy action is feasible in all three categories but in different ways: requiring fish passes in the case of large facilities, helping remove dams and restoring the rivers in the case of small facilities, and focusing cost–benefit analysis efforts on the non‐trivial group of the medium sized facilities.
The two‐phase amphiphilic preconcentration based on surfactants to enrich phenolic compounds from diluted plant extracts and rat urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Yu Ya‐Ling , Shi Min‐Zhen , Zhu Si‐Chen , Cao Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel technology by two‐phase amphiphilic preconcentration based on surfactants was established for enriching phenolic compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) was combined with the anionic analytes that existed in the sample solution before injection. The boundary was formed between CTAC and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the background solution when the sample solution was injected into the capillary, where the analytes bound inside micelles were released due to the stronger electrostatic force between SDS and CTAC. This procedure accelerated the separation of analytes from CTAC and greatly improved the enrichment efficiency. The optimal conditions were obtained after a series of optimizations, and the sensitivity enrichment factors of the four analytes were in the range of 39–93 compared to typical injections in capillary zone electrophoresis. Good linearity for matrix‐matched calibrations was established for all analytes with R2 values of 0.9993–0.9997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for kaempferol, quercetin, salvianolic acid C, and salvianolic acid B were 0.0166, 0.0292, 0.0215, and 0.0195 µg/ml, respectively. The intracapillary RSDs of the analytes ranged from 0.8% to 1.3% for migration time and from 0.4% to 1.8% for peak areas. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of phenolic compounds, the main compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., and had been validated for the determination of spiked recoveries in rat urine.
Leaching and Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in Unsaturated Soil Column Studies
Authors: Weidemann Eva , Lämmer René , Stahl Thorsten , Göckener Bernd , Bücking Mark , Breuer Jörn , Kowalczyk Janine , Just Hildegard , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Gassmann Matthias 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behavior. In the present soil columns study, the leaching behavior and fate of nontransformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten nontransformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors and two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, were set up for a time span of 2 years. At the end of the study, the molecular balance could not be closed for nontransformable PFAS. This effect was positively correlated to the fluorinated carbon chain length. The precursors, which were both polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAP), had different transformation products and transformation rates, with a higher rate for 6:2 diPAP than 8:2 diPAP. After 2 years, amounts of diPAP were still found in the soil with no significant vertical movement, showing high adsorption to soils. Transformation products were estimated to be simultaneously formed. They were predominantly found in the percolation water; the amounts left in soil were negligible. Up to half of the initial precursor amounts could not be balanced and were considered missing amounts. The results of contaminated field soil experiments showed the challenge to estimate PFAS leaching without knowing all occurring precursors and complex transformation dynamics. For this purpose, it was shown that a broad examination of contaminated soil with different analytical methods can help with qualitative estimations of leaching risks. For a better quantitative estimation, analytical determination of more PFAS and a quantification of the missing amounts are needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2065–2077. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Pain‐related reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex of patients with postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Li Hong , Li Xiaoyun , Wang Jiyuan , Gao Fei , Wiech Katja , Hu Li , Kong Yazhuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies on functional and structural changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) have provided important insights into neural mechanisms underlying several chronic pain conditions. However, the role of S1 plasticity in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) remains elusive. Combining psychophysics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated whether pain in PHN patients is linked to S1 reorganization as compared with healthy controls. Results from voxel‐based morphometry showed no structural differences between groups. To characterize functional plasticity, we compared S1 responses to noxious laser stimuli of a fixed intensity between both groups and assessed the relationship between S1 activation and spontaneous pain in PHN patients. Although the intensity of evoked pain was comparable in both groups, PHN patients exhibited greater activation in S1 ipsilateral to the stimulated hand. Pain‐related activity was identified in contralateral superior S1 (SS1) in controls as expected, but in bilateral inferior S1 (IS1) in PHN patients with no overlap between SS1 and IS1. Contralateral SS1 engaged during evoked pain in controls encoded spontaneous pain in patients, suggesting functional S1 reorganization in PHN. Resting‐state fMRI data showed decreased functional connectivity between left and right SS1 in PHN patients, which scaled with the intensity of spontaneous pain. Finally, multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) demonstrated that BOLD activity and resting‐state functional connectivity of S1 predicted within‐subject variations of evoked and spontaneous pain intensities across groups. In summary, functional reorganization in S1 might play a key role in chronic pain related to PHN and could be a potential treatment target in this patient group.
Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT for evaluating primary and metastatic lesions in different histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Yilin , Zheng Rongliang , Zhang Yijun , Huang Chaoyun , Tian Li , Liu Ruiqi , Liu Yang , Zhang Zhiling , Han Hui , Zhou Fangjian , He Liru , Dong Pei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConventional imaging examinations are not sensitive enough for the early detection of recurrent or metastatic lesions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. We aimed to explore the role of 68Ga‐prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐11 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the detection of primary and metastatic lesions in such patients. We retrospectively analyzed 50 RCC patients who underwent 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT from November 2017 to December 2020. We observed a higher median accuracy and tumor‐to‐background maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) ratio (TBR) of 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT in clear cell RCC (ccRCC; 96.57% and 6.00, respectively) than in non‐clear cell RCC (ncRCC; 82.05% and 2.99, respectively). The accuracies in detecting lesions in the renal region, bone, lymph nodes and lungs in ccRCC were 100.00%, 95.00%, 98.08% and 75.00%, respectively, and those in the renal region, bone and lymph nodes in ncRCC were 100.00%, 86.67% and 36.36%, respectively. The median TBRs of the lesions from the above locations were 0.38, 10.96, 6.69 and 13.71, respectively, in ccRCC and 0.13, 4.02 and 0.73, respectively, in ncRCC. The PSMA score evaluated with immunohistochemistry was correlated with the SUVmax (P = .046) in RCC. Higher PSMA scores were observed in ccRCC than in ncRCC (P = .031). 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT resulted in changes in clinical management in 12.9% (4/31) of cases because of the discovery of new metastases not detected with conventional imaging. These results indicate that 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT is a promising method for the detection of metastatic lesions in ccRCC, especially for those in the bone and lymph nodes.