bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive presence of off-label medicines in Danish neonatal departments. A nationwide survey using national hospital purchase data
Authors: Gade Christina , Trolle Stine , Mørk Mette , Lewis Anna , Andersen Peter , Jacobsen Thorkild , Andersen Jon , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik 
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose
Pharmaceutical treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is
challenging, and newborns are often exposed to numerous different
medicines during their hospitalization. There is currently insufficient
knowledge of gestational age dependent medicine disposition, and
accordingly the use of off-label medication, i.e., use of medicines
outside its approved marketing authorization, is high. This study aims
to estimate the off-label medication use in Danish neonatal departments.
Experimental Approach
By using data from the Danish National Pharmaceutical Hospital Purchase
Database, we identified the most commonly occurring medicines and
estimated the on/off-label ratios for premature and term neonates. Data
was extracted on ATC level 5 and based on defined daily doses as per
WHO.
Key Results
Data included was covering the 4 high-level NICUs and 10 of 13 of the
intermediate/standard level neonatal departments in Denmark. Of the
identified medication, 87% and 70% did not have approved marketing
authorization for use in premature and full-term neonates, respectively.
Furthermore one-fifth of the top 100 medicines did not have a (Danish)
marketing license. Overall, off-label medication was widespread covering
virtually all ATC groups and no ATC group had an off-label level lower
than 50%. Finally, in 21% of medications, additives from 8 different
chemical groups with potential deleterious effects for neonates were
identified.
Conclusion
Off-label medication in the Danish neonatal departments is widespread,
and the current state of neonatal official regulatory drug approval
leaves both patients and neonatologists in a limbo between legal
pharmaco-regulation and clinical need for pharmacotherapy in
neonatology.
Komparasi Kinerja Keuangan dan Pelayanan Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang Tahun 2019-2020
Authors: Safitri Avianda Rahma 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the public service agency's financial and service performance in the era before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examines finance and service empirically using the old method (Perdirjen PB PER-32/PB/2014) and the new method (Maturity Rating BLU). The sample used in this study is one of the public service agency under the ministry of health in the field of education (Polythecnic of Health Kemenkes Malang). The type of data used is primary and secondary data, and the data analysis used is descriptive. The results showed that there were differences in the measurement of financial and service performance between the Perdirjen PB-32/2014 and Maturity Rating BLU method, also the Covid-19 pandemic has not had major impact on the performance of the public service agency.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan kinerja keuangan dan pelayanan Badan Layanan Publik pada era sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini mengkaji keuangan dan jasa secara empiris menggunakan metode lama (Perdirjen PB PER-32/PB/2014) dan metode baru (Maturity Rating BLU). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah salah satu badan pelayanan publik di bawah kementerian kesehatan bidang pendidikan (Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang). Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengukuran kinerja keuangan dan pelayanan antara metode Perdirjen PB-32/2014 dan Maturity Rating BLU, serta pandemi Covid-19 belum berdampak besar terhadap kinerja badan layanan publik.
Kata kunci: Kinerja Keuangan, Maturity Rating BLU, Badan Layanan Publik, Politeknik Kemenkes
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF EDGE ROUNDNESS ON THE STRESSES AND CUTTING FORCES FOR CERAMIC CUTTING TOOLS
Authors: Suha K. Shehab  
Published: July 2022

This work summarizes the effect of edge round preparation for three types of ceramic cutting tool materials (Al2O3/ZrO2, Al2O3/ TiC, Si3N4/Y2O3) upon cutting forces and stress distribution on the cutting tool in orthogonal cutting as determined with Finite Element Method simulations.
The results obtained from this study provide a fundamental understanding of the process mechanics for cutting with realistic cutting tool edges and may assist in the optimization of tool edge design. These results compare with other previously published papers and showed a good agreement.
It is also proved, that for every cutting condition and tool material, there is an optimum geometry. The material of ceramic cutting tools proved, that it has been good in performance comparing with other previously published papers.
LOW VISION X-RAY IMAGES CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT USING WAVELET TRANSFORM AND NON-LINEAR MAPPING
Authors: Raghad Zuhair Yousif Al-Macdici  
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a new method for enhancing the contrast of medical images based on Wavelet Transform. Wavelet transforms offer an efficient representation of the signal, finely tuned to its intrinsic properties involves simple processing techniques in the transform domain, and multi-scale analysis can accomplish remarkable performance and efficiency for many image-processing problems.
Wavelet transform is applied so that the intensity values of pixels in gray-level images are decomposed into the approximate component and detail components. The obtained coefficients of the approximate component are normalized before converted by a proposed non-linear grey-level contrast enhancement technique. The non-linearity, with its two degrees of freedom, is more versatile and can produce a more balanced contrast enhancement for low vision medical images.
Then, denormalizing results before inverse Wavelet transform application on the converted coefficients, so that enhanced intensity values are obtained. Finally, we found that applying histogram equalization to the result of inverse Wavelet transform promotes the action done in transform domain. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated experimentally by measuring the contrast ratio and mean ratio for resulted images. The contrast enhancement ratio exceeds 100% of some low vision medical images
PROPOSED ALGORITHM FOR ANTI VIRUS OF E-MAIL VIRUSES
Authors: Fleh Saad 
Published: July 2022

This project is proposed a system that will detect and stop both known and unknown viruses and the detection of these viruses will be based on the viruses' behavior. This is done by analyzing the email (main body & attachments) for any suspicious code (malicious commands or statements) that could be a virus and take a specific action according to the result of the previous step.
The proposed system consists of two basic stages: first the detection stage and then the cleaning (repairing) stage. The proposed system which is called the "Email Viruses Detection Disinfection System" (EDDS) will check every incoming email (main body & attachments), so that the detection stage will be considered into two steps: checking the main body of the email message for any malicious commands that could be a virus and checking the attachments of the email message for any suspicious codes or actions that could be a virus. Checking the attachments will depend on the attachment's extensions. The executable files that (EDDS) will process are (*.exe, *.com, *.vbs, *.pif, *.reg, *.bat, *.html, *.htm).
GAS-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM PREDICTION OF CO2-ETHANOL SYSTEM AT MODERATE PRESSURES AND DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Arkan Jasim Hadi  , Arkan Jasim Hadi  
Published: July 2022

In this work, a thermodynamic model for the prediction of gas-liquid equilibrium at moderate pressures (up to 19 bar) and different temperatures (288-323 K) for the binary system of carbon dioxide (1)-ethanol (2) is established using Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK-EOS), Peng-Robenson equation of state (PR-EOS), and HYSYS program with same equations of state. Three different mixing rules were used to show the effect of the type of mixing rule.
A comparison of experimental phase equilibrium data in the literature with the predicted results showed very good representation for some mixing rules and good for the others, also the comparison with the results obtained using simulation on HYSYS program exhibits good agreement up to 11 bar with a deviation of 4*10-4 - 2*10-4 %.
ELASTIC- PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR SQUARE SHELL TUBES DURING PURE BENDING USING FINITE ELEMENT
Authors: Eklas EdanKader  
Published: July 2022

An analytical model with sufficiently non linear kinematics to capture the development in engineering applications to resist bending stress for thin walled elastic-plastic steel tubes which used as structural members. The results indicate that collapse of such tubes is imperfection sensitive for tubes with height to thickness ratio (h/t), but the sensitivity decreases as the ratio decreases. Experimentally, the tubes collapse due a limit moment instability which is followed by the formation of a kink on the compression flange of the tubes. The present research removes the limitation in the pre- bifurcation analysis and concentrates on the numerical prediction ANSYS -11 program of the response with stress and strain distribution on thin walled tubes of square cross section. The numerical, analytical and experimental results are converges to each other, by simulating the response of square tubes subjected to static and dynamic axial bending loading .The finite element models used for this work are featured by the geo-metric and material characteristics of square tubes and comparison of the computed bending response to the results and findings of the experimental works shows that the finite element models described here, approached the actual bending response of the square tubes to a satisfactory degree both in terms of collapse modes and main bending characteristics such as bending stress and strain and deformation displacement
COMPUTER PROGRAM TO PREDICT PERFORMANCE OF FAST RUNNING HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE TO REACHING THE OPTIMUM DESIGN
Authors: Nazar Muneam Mahmood  
Published: July 2022

A computer program in visual basic was designed to predict the performance of fast running horizontal axis wind turbine for electricity generation by using blade element theory and momentum theory. NACA 4415 was chosen for the aerofoil section of blade. the design parameters ( design tip speed ratio , rotor radius and blade number ) represented in scroll bars was designed in visual basic, and by changing these parameters , solidity, chord line and twist angle curves along the blade, in addition to the rotor performance curve (relation of power coefficient with tip speed ratio), will be draw instantly.
The numerical integration (trapezoidal method) was used to compute the area under rotor performance curve, the program will record the value of this area, and by change parameter design and by knowing the maximum value of area, we will know the optimal design for turbine rotor.
The three and four rotor blades and the values of design tip speed ratio between (5 - 9) give the best performance of rotor. The effect change of rotor radius on performance rotor was found very small, and there is no noticed effect to rated wind speed on rotor performance when changing parameter design in computer program
A PROPOSED ESTIMATOR FOR A DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mohammed Khalaf Masood  
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to use Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) as an estimator for stator flux and electromagnetic torque in Direct Torque Control (DTC) systems used as a driver of a 3-phase induction motor, in order to reduce the ripples in the output torque. This paper includes design, construction and training for three different modes of operation of RBFNN, in which the spread constant has a different value for each estimated parameter during the network training. Then, the network, which has independent outputs, gives the best results choused as an estimator in the proposed DTC system. Matlab/neural network toolbox used for training the proposed estimator at different load torques.
The Simulation results are obtained using program of Matlab/Simulink. The coincidence of the values of the output data obtained from the proposed estimator and that from the conventional one proves the proposed system accuracy.
OPTIMUM SHORT PATH FINDER FOR ROBOT USING Q-LEARNING
Authors: Mohannad Abid Shehab Ahmed  
Published: July 2022

Programming robots is a useful tedious task, so there is growing interest in building robots which can learn by themselves. This paper describes the Reinforcement Learning and teaching approach like Queue Learning (Q-Learning) to be implemented for robotics technology environment navigation and exploration. Q – Learning algorithm is one of the widely used online learning methods in robotics; it is simple, efficient, and not need to complex process as in adaptive system. The aim of this work is to empower the agent to learn a certain goal directed navigation strategy and to generate a shortest path in static environment which contain static obstacles; it uses one of the important intelligent search methods the “heuristic”. It makes a necessary modification for the search algorithm to suit the way of solving the problem. In our approach of learning from demonstration, the robot learns a reward function from the demonstration and a task model from repeated attempts (trials) to perform the task. A simplified reinforcement learning algorithm based on one-step Q-Learning that is optimized in speed and memory consumption is proposed and implemented in Visual Basic language (VB). The robot can be built using stepper motors and
any available microcontroller like 89c52 with its driver circuit to utilize of their matching.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE POTABLE WATER NETWORK AND WATER QUALITY IN AL-DIWANIYA CITY
Authors: Mohammed Ali I. Al-Hashim  
Published: July 2022

In this research, the reality of the potabale water services in AL-Diwaniya City was studied, it in two essential lines:
First, the analysis of water distribution in the city trunk network, by using the program (pipe++) version 1998 to get the quantities and the directions of discharges water. Also it uses head pressure in some related network nodes. Measurements were made, infield, from each region to estimate head in each trunk in order to specify the regions that suffer from shortage in water.
Second, the work to evaluates the suitability of raw and supply water. Samples of potable water were taken from the plant taps and from taps in each region on July 2003. Water born diseases in drinking water were specified during 2002
Statistical analysis was applied to the available data, including the AN OVA test, correlation test, and the results were as follows: -
Raw water and drinking water considered as suitable for human use according to the Iraq and International drinking water standards. Although exceeding the acceptable border for each of (turbidity, hardness, sulphate, Calcium) but all of them are below allowable limit.

Good significant relation between the percentage of polluted tap water and typhoid during the year of study.
Residual chlorine for each regions (2.5-0.75) mg/L.
EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF DIYALA RIVER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES
Authors: Nahida H. Hamza  
Published: July 2022

The study comprised suitability evaluation water of quality of Diyala river for irrigation uses. Four stations were selected along Diyala river which are Jalawlah station (DI2) before Jalawlah Bridge, Saadiyah station (DI3) before inter to Hamren Dam, Muqdadia station (DI4) after Diyala Dam, and Baqubah station (DI5) at Iron Bridge, besides wand river station in Khanaqin (DIW) Before Dam. Water samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electric conductivity (EC), TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, Cl-, and NO3- one sample monthly were taken from these stations during January to December 2010. In addition, to classifying water quality and evaluation its suitability for irrigation purposes, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were calculated following standard equations and found experimentally as (0.985), (20.027), (-4.404) respectively. According to the EC and SAR plotted on the US salinity diagram, it is illustrated that water samples of DIW and DI5 fall in the class of C3-S1 indicating high salinity with low sodium water, which can be used for irrigation on almost all types of soil with only a minimum risk of exchangeable sodium, while water samples of other stations fall in the class of C2-S1 indicating medium salinity with low sodium water, which can be suitable to salt tolerant plants with probability developed permeability problem of soil when Lime is not existing. RSC values are negative at all sampling sites, indicating that there is no complete precipitation of calcium and magnesium. All other parameters were within standard levels. The results of the study revealed that the quality of Diyala river water can be classified as suitable for irrigation with few exceptions.
EFFECT OF KAOLIN ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/ POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Authors: Samir Nassaf  Mustafa  
Published: July 2022

In this work, the mechanical and water absorption properties of polymer blend polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) at constant ratio (50/50) composites as a function of kaolin powder weight content in the grain size (100,120 µm) were investigated. Polymer composite was fabricated by mixing polymer blend ( PP\LDPE) with (0, 1, 3 ,5, 10, 14) wt.% of kaolin powder to obtain desirable properties. The parameters such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break , yield stress, impact strength, shore D hardness and water absorption test were carried out on the prepared samples. The results showed that the addition of kaolin powder to the polymer leads to increase the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, shore-D hardness and impact strength and it decreases the % elongation at break,. Water absorption of the composites behaves as function of time (days) has also been investigated, and it increases by increasing immersion time for the same filler content, while the absorbed amount of water increases, by increasing the wt% of kaolin at constant immersion time.
Pemahaman Dosen FAI Unismuh Makassar Terhadap Fatwa MUI dan Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Muhammadiyah Tentang Bunga Bank dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penggunaan Bank Konvensional
Authors: Aidil Andi Muhammad , Salenda Kasjim , Alimuddin Alimuddin 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pemahaman dosen FAI Unismuh Makassar terhadap fatwa MUI dan fatwa majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Muhammadiyah mengenai bunga bank dan pengaruhnya terhadap penggunaan bank konvensional dengan sub masalah: 1) Bagaimana kedudukan fatwa MUI dan fatwa Tarjih tentang penggunaan Bank Konvensional. 2) Bagaimanakah persfektif dosen FAI Unismuh Makassar terhadap bank konvensional. 3) Faktor apa saja yang menjadi pendorong penggunaan bank konvensional bagi dosen FAI Unismuh Makassar. Jenis penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah field research kualitatif deskriftif, dengan tiga pendekatan yaitu: Pendekatan syar’i, Pendekatan sosiologis dan Pendekatan yuridis empiris Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara terhadap Dosen di Unismuh Makassar. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik pengelolahan dan analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1)perspektif dosen Unismuh Makassar terhadap bank konvensional yaitu: Mereka semua paham tentang produk dalam bank konvensional menngandung bunga yang diharamkan dan semuanya setuju akan hal itu, namun bank konvensional memilki keunggulan yang belum bisa dipenuhi oleh lembaga keuanan syariah, seperti fasiltas/kemudahan menjaukau disetiap daerah berbeda dengan lemabaga keuangan syariha hanya ada di kota-kota.2)kedudukan fatwa MUI dan fatwa Majlis Tarjih dan Tajdid tentang penggunaan Bank Konvensional yaitu: fatwa mengenai pengharaman bunga bank diwilayah kampus unismuh Makassar terkhusus untuk dosen FAI Unismuh Makassar mereka semua sepakat tentang fatwa yang ada dan harus dipatuhi, namun ada situasi kondisi tertentu secara individu yang harus jadi pertimbangan dalam penerapan fatwa tersebut.3)Faktor pendorong penggunaan bank konvensional bagi dosen UNISMUH Makassar yaitu: Faktor kemudahan/fasilitas, faktor gaji/pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari luar kampus Unismuh, dan faktor beasiswa menjadi faktor darurat dalam penggunaan bank konvensional.Implikasi Penelitian ini adalah: 1) Hendaknya dosen Unismuh Makassar dalam memahami penggunaan bank konvensional bukan dari sisi manfaatnya saja namun selalu mengedepankan faktor hukum dalam setiap tindakan yang harus dilakukan. 2) Terkait tentang pemahaman kedudukan fatwa MUI dan Fatwa Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid tentang pengharaman bunga bank sekiranya bisa dimaksimalkan bukan hanya dalam wilayah kelembagaan saja namun dalam bentuk perorangan/pribadi. 3) Sehubungan dengan Faktor penggunaan bank konvensional tinggal dimaksimalkan, yaitu dengan cara sebisa mungkin menghindari peraktek bunga yang ada dibank konvensional.Kata kunci : Fatwa, Bunga Bank, Bank Konvensional
ANALISIS EFISIENSI BANK SWASTA DI INDONESIA DALAM PERANNYA UNTUK MENGHASILKAN LABA
Authors: Aminullah Asrul , Mulyadi JMV. , Sihite Mombang , Djaddang Syahril 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efisiensi bank swasta di Indonesia dalam menghasilkan laba. Tingkat efisiensi perbankan di Indonesia cenderung rendah dibandingkan dengan perbankan di negara ASEAN lima yang lain. Mayoritas bank umum di Indonesia yang belum mencapai tingkat efisien adalah bank swasta. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti perlu untuk menganalisis penyebab tidak efisien-nya bank swasta di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) yang diukur menggunakan program Banxia Frontier Analyst. Objek penelitian adalah 12 bank swasta peraih laba terbesar di Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari laporan keuangan publikasi bulan Desember dan laporan keuangan tahunan dari masing – masing bank tersebut dari tahun 2016 s.d. 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 16,7% bank swasta yang efisien, sedangkan sisanya belum efisien. Penyebab bank tidak efisien antara lain besarnya proporsi dana mahal dalam dana pihak ketiga bank, tingginya pengeluaran pada beban promosi, beban tenaga kerja, dan beban umum dan administrasi, dan tidak optimalnya pengelolaan kredit secara prudent.