bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide development of lncRNA-derived-SSR markers for Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)
Authors: Yang Wanling , Fan Yuanwei , Chen Yong , Ding Gumu , Liu Hu , Xie Jiankun , Zhang Fantao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) (DXWR) is the northernmost distributed wild rice found in the world. Similar to other populations of O. rufipogon, DXWR contains a large number of agronomically valuable genes, which makes it a natural gene pool for rice breeding. Molecular markers, especially simple repeat sequence (SSR) markers, play important roles in plant breeding. Although a large number of SSR markers have been developed, most of them are derived from the genome coding sequences, rarely from non-coding sequences. Meanwhile, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are derived from the transcription of non-coding sequences, play vital roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. In our previous study, we obtained 1655 lncRNA transcripts from DXWR using strand-specific RNA sequencing. In this study, 1878 SSR loci were detected from the lncRNA sequences of DXWR, and 1258 lncRNA-derived-SSR markers were developed on the genome-wide scale. To verify the validity and applicability of these markers, 72 pairs of primers were randomly selected to test 44 rice accessions. The results showed that 42 (58.33%) pairs of primers have abundant polymorphism among these rice materials; the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.04 to 0.87 with an average of 0.50; the genetic diversity index of SSR loci varied from 0.04 to 0.88 with an average of 0.56; and the number of alleles per marker ranged from 2 to 11 with an average of 4.36. Thus, we concluded that these lncRNA-derived-SSR markers are a very useful source for future basic and applied research.
Do Identity Frames Impact Support for Multiracial Candidates? The Case of Kamala Harris
Authors: Clayton Katherine , Crabtree Charles , Horiuchi Yusaku 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of multiracial candidates seeking office is growing in an increasingly diverse America. This raises questions about how the media frame candidates with potentially complex racial backgrounds and how voters respond to these frames. We investigate the impact of media frames that emphasize race and gender attributes using survey experiments on Kamala Harris—the first Black woman and first Asian woman vice president. Our findings are mixed. In a survey experiment conducted after her nomination, headlines emphasizing different elements of Harris’s race or gender had no impact on public attitudes. In an experiment conducted after Harris was inaugurated, however, headlines that cued her gender only or both her gender and her Black racial background boosted popular support. Taken together, these findings suggest that some types of identity-based cues may matter, but the effects are sensitive to experimental settings and contexts.
Response of the Low‐Level Jet to Precession and Its Implications for Proxies of the Indian Monsoon
Authors: Jalihal Chetankumar , Srinivasan Jayaraman , Chakraborty Arindam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe long‐term variations in the South Asian monsoon have been inferred based on the variations in the ocean productivity along the western coast of the Arabian Sea. The variations in ocean productivity were previously thought to be primarily influenced by the intensity of upwelling. Here, using idealized precession experiments in fully coupled climate models, we have shown that the area as well as the region of maximum upwelling change with precession. When summer occurs at perihelion (stronger summer insolation and monsoon precipitation), the area of upwelling is narrow. In contrast, during summer at aphelion (weaker summer insolation and monsoon precipitation), upwelling occurs over a broader region. This is due to the effect of convective heating over northeastern Africa and the western equatorial Indian Ocean on the width and meridional location of the low‐level jet. Therefore, the upwelling inferred from proxies does not necessarily indicate the Indian summer monsoon strength.
The 2021 Mw 7.4 Madoi Earthquake: An Archetype Bilateral Slip‐Pulse Rupture Arrested at a Splay Fault
Authors: Chen Kejie , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Geng Jianghui , Liang Cunren , Zhang Zhenguo , Li Zhicai , Zhang Shengpeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe combine measurements of ground deformation from Synthetic Aperture Radar images, high‐rate Global Navigation Satellite System and tele‐seismic waveforms to study the rupture kinematics of the Madoi Earthquake, which occurred in eastern Tibet on 21 May 2021 and reached a moment magnitude Mw 7.4. The data show nearly pure left‐lateral motion along a 170 km long rupture and a total duration of 36 s. The earthquake initiated near the middle of the main segment and evolved in a bilateral slip pulse rupture which propagated at a sub‐Rayleigh speed of 2.6–2.8 km/s. In our model, slip is concentrated at depth of less than ∼15 km and reaches a maximum of 4.2 m. The rupture arrested ∼10 s after branching on the extensional splay faults at both extremities. The branching onto the splay faults and the eventual arrest of the rupture is used to provide constraints on the fault frictional properties.
Historical Rankings and Vortices’ Activities of the Extreme Mei‐yu Seasons: Contrast 2020 to Previous Mei‐yu Seasons
Authors: Fu Shen‐Ming , Tang Huan , Sun Jian‐Hua , Zhao Tian‐Bao , Li Wan‐Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Mei‐yu season (MYS) is one of the most important components of the East Asian rainy season. As the MYS rainfall is significantly uneven, determining its notable features is crucial to understanding/predicting the MYS precipitation. This study provided the first report on the historical rankings of the accumulated precipitation within different regions during extreme MYSs. It was shown that, in the extreme 2020 MYS, the area‐averaged precipitation within/around the Sichuan Basin ranked first during a 70‐year period. For the first time, quantitative contributions of mesoscale vortices to the total precipitation of extreme MYSs were shown. It was found that, during the 2020 MYS, vortices accounted for up to 50% of the MYS’s duration within/around Sichuan Basin, and induced up to 90% of the total precipitation there. The abnormally active vortices in the 2020 MYS were the direct reason for the highest precipitation in the past 70 years within/around the Sichuan Basin.
On the Association of the Summertime Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect in Northern Russia With Atmospheric Circulation and Climate Over East Asia
Authors: Liu Le , Wu Bingyi , Ding Shuoyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study employs ERA5 reanalysis and CERES/EBAF Ed4.1 data to evaluate the dominant features of summer shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) variability and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Our findings suggest that the greatest variability in summer SWCRE occurs over the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas and northern Eurasia. We also observe a close relationship between summertime SWCRE, particularly in northern Russia, and atmospheric circulation variability over East Asia. Significant positive SWCRE anomalies over northern Russia favor the generation of the Ural blocking, and dynamically trigger the emergence of positive Eurasian (EU) pattern, resulting in positive (negative) precipitation anomalies in northern (southeastern) China and persistent East Asian heatwaves between 20°N and 40°N. In contrast to previous work, which has focused mainly on local atmospheric responses to SWCRE, this study provides a broader perspective, thereby helping bridge summertime circulation between high latitudes and East Asia.
Are Creep Events Big? Estimations of Along‐Strike Rupture Lengths
Authors: Gittins Daniel B. , Hawthorne Jessica C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSegments of many faults are observed to slip aseismically at the surface. On the central segment of the San Andreas Fault, aseismic slip accumulates largely in creep events: few mm bursts of slip which occur every few weeks to months. But even though we have observed creep events worldwide since the 1960s, we still do not know how big most events are or which forces drive them. To address this uncertainty, we systematically identify creep events along the central San Andreas Fault and determine their along‐strike rupture extents. We first use cross‐correlation and visual inspection to identify events at individual creepmeters. With data from 18 USGS creepmeters, we identify 2120 records of creep events between 1985 and 2020. We then search for slip that is closely timed across multiple creepmeters. We identify 306 instances of closely timed slip, which could indicate 306 creep events that rupture multiple creepmeter locations. Through visual inspection and statistical analysis of timing, we identify a variety of creep event types, including single‐creepmeter events, small (<2 km) events, medium‐sized (3–6 km) events, large (>10 km) events, and events that rupture multiple fault strands. The existence of many large (few‐km) events suggests that creep events are not produced by small, rainfall‐associated perturbations; they are more likely driven by complex or heterogeneous frictional weakening and they may provide a window into the dynamics of a larger scale slip on the San Andreas Fault.
The Rise, Peak and Decline of the Seismic Hazard Related to Hydraulic Fracturing Activities in the Duvernay Play, Fox Creek Area, Alberta
Authors: Reyes Canales Mauricio , Rodriguez‐Pradilla German , Yusifbayov Javad , van der Baan Mirko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyze the temporal evolution of the induced seismicity related to hydraulic fracturing activities in the Duvernay Formation, near Fox Creek, Alberta, Canada. For this analysis, we estimate annual Gutenberg‐Richter parameters, ‐ and ‐ values, and then calculate the annual likelihood of earthquakes greater than magnitude from 2014 to 2020. The seismic hazard near Fox Creek has consistently decreased since 2015, from a 95% probability of an earthquake greater than magnitude in 2015 to 4% in 2019 and less than 1% probability in 2020. The induced seismicity in Fox Creek is characterized by two actively seismic regions with distinctive features: (a) an Eastern region (∼220 events ) with lower b‐values and higher hazard; (b) a Western region (∼210 events ) with higher b‐values and lower seismic hazard. In contrast, extensive regions where hydraulic fracturing is performed, particularly East of the seismic cluster, remain non‐seismogenic. The overall decreasing seismic hazard, which contrasts with increasing operator activity, can be associated with (a) the intensification of hydraulic fracturing operations toward areas less susceptible to induced seismicity and (b) the reduction of seismic activity in the Eastern region, which exhibits the highest seismic hazard. We also find evidence of a minimum annual injection volume required to trigger induced seismicity in both the Western and Eastern regions. The minimum injection threshold increases over the years, implying increasingly successful mitigation strategies, likely due to regulatory implementations in the area, which has led the operators to exercise precaution in regions with significant seismic hazard and adapt treatment strategies to avoid triggering moderate magnitude size events during hydraulic fracturing stimulations.
The Compensatory CO2 Fertilization and Stomatal Closure Effects on Runoff Projection From 2016–2099 in the Western United States
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Yan , Jin Jiming , Zeng Xubin , Hawkins Charles P. , Neto Antônio A. M. , Niu Guo‐Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater availability in the dry western United States (US) under climate change and increasing water use demand has become a serious concern. Previous studies have projected future runoff changes across the western US but ignored the impacts of ecosystem response to elevated CO2 concentration. Here, we aim to understand the impacts of elevated CO2 on future runoff changes through ecosystem responses to both rising CO2 and associated warming using the Noah‐MP model with representations of vegetation dynamics and plant hydraulics. We first validated Noah‐MP against observed runoff, leaf area index (LAI), and terrestrial water storage anomaly from 1980 to 2015. We then projected future runoff with Noah‐MP under downscaled climates from three climate models under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. The projected runoff declines variably from the Pacific Northwest by −11% to the Lower Colorado River basin by −92% from 2016 to 2099. To discern the exact causes, we conducted an attribution analysis of the modeled evapotranspiration from two additional sensitivity experiments: one with constant CO2 and another one with static monthly LAI climatology. Results show that surface “greening” (due to the CO2 fertilization effect) and the stomatal closure effect are the second largest contributors to future runoff change, following the warming effect. These two counteracting CO2 effects are roughly compensatory, leaving the warming effect to remain the dominant contributor to the projected runoff declines at large river basin scales. This study suggests that both surface “greening” and stomatal closure effects are important factors and should be considered together in water resource projections.
FSAP aggravated endothelial dysfunction and neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Tian Dai-Shi , Qin Chuan , Zhou Luo-Qi , Yang Sheng , Chen Man , Xiao Jun , Shang Ke , Bosco Dale B. , Wu Long-Jun , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRevascularization and angiogenesis, as substrates of sustained collateral circulation, play a crucial role in determining the severity and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Developing an adjunct biomarker to help identify and monitor collateral status would aid stroke diagnosis and prognosis. To screen the potential biomarkers, proteomic analysis was performed in this study to identify those distinct plasma protein profiles in AIS due to LVO with different collateral status. Interestingly, we found that levels of Plasma Factor VII Activating Protease (FSAP) significantly increased in those AIS patients with poor collaterals, and were correlated with worse neurological outcome. Furtherly, both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke were used to explore pathological mechanisms of FSAP in endothelial dysfunction. We demonstrated that the FSAP inhibitor, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), enhanced the pro-angiogenic vascular factors, improved the integrity of brain blood barrier, and promoted newly formed cerebral microvessels in the ischemic penumbra, consequently improving neurological function. To elucidate the pathways that might contribute to revascularization during LVO, we applied transcriptomic analysis via unbiased RNA sequencing and showed that Wnt signaling was highly involved in FSAP mediated endothelial dysfunction. Notably, inhibition of Wnt5a largely reversed the protective effects from HMW-HA treatment, implying that FSAP might aggravate endothelial dysfunction and neurological deficits by regulating Wnt5a signaling. Therefore, FSAP may represent a potential biomarker for collateral status after LVO and a promising therapeutic target to be explored in the treatment of stroke.
Kindlin-2 inhibits Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in nucleus pulposus to maintain homeostasis of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wu Xiaohao , Lai Yumei , Chen Di , Bai Xiaochun , Liu Sheng , Wu Yongchao , Chen Mingjue , Lai Yuxiao , Cao Huiling , Shao Zengwu , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is the main cause of low back pain with major social and economic burdens; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we show that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is highly expressed in the nucleus pulposus (NP), but not in the anulus fibrosus and the cartilaginous endplates, in the IVD tissues. Expression of Kindlin-2 is drastically decreased in NP cells in aged mice and severe IVDD patients. Inducible deletion of Kindlin-2 in NP cells in adult mice causes spontaneous and striking IVDD-like phenotypes in lumbar IVDs and largely accelerates progression of coccygeal IVDD in the presence of abnormal mechanical stress. Kindlin-2 loss activates Nlrp3 inflammasome and stimulates expression of IL-1β in NP cells, which in turn downregulates Kindlin-2. This vicious cycle promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and NP cell apoptosis. Furthermore, abnormal mechanical stress reduces expression of Kindlin-2, which exacerbates Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, cell apoptosis, and ECM catabolism in NP cells caused by Kindlin-2 deficiency. In vivo blocking Nlrp3 inflammasome activation prevents IVDD progression induced by Kindlin-2 loss and abnormal mechanical stress. Of translational significance, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of Kindlin-2 inhibits ECM catabolism and cell apoptosis in primary human NP cells in vitro and alleviates coccygeal IVDD progression caused by mechanical stress in rat. Collectively, we establish critical roles of Kindlin-2 in inhibiting Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and maintaining integrity of the IVD homeostasis and define a novel target for the prevention and treatment of IVDD.
Metformin protects lens epithelial cells against senescence in a naturally aged mouse model
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Fu Yushan , Wang Xu , Wu Ruitong , Su Dongmei , Zhou Nan , Qi Yanhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a major factor leading to age-related cataract (ARC). ARC results in visual impairment and severe vision loss in elderly patients. However, the specific mechanism of ARC remains unclear, and there are no effective therapeutic agents to halt the formation of ARC. This study aimed to assess the underlying mechanism of the formation of ARC and investigate the potential anti-ageing effect of metformin (MET) on ARC. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: the control group having young mice (3 months old, n = 40), the naturally aged group (aged 20 months, n = 60) and the MET group (MET, 20 months, n = 60). Mice in the control and the naturally aged groups were fed a standard purified mouse diet ad libitum and water, whereas those in the MET group were fed chows supplemented with 0.1% MET for 10 months. The transparency of the lens and age-associated proteins p21 and p53 were analysed in the LECs of these three groups. Furthermore, we determined the expressions of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the effect of MET on this pathway in LECs during the ageing process of ARC. In addition, the relationship between autophagy and the senescence of LECs and the role of MET in the autophagy of LECs during the ageing process of ARC were examined. Our results indicated that age-related inactivation of the AMPK pathway and impairment of autophagy might contribute to the senescence of LECs and the occurrence of ARC. More importantly, these results demonstrated that MET effectively alleviated the senescence of LECs and the formation of ARC probably via inactivation of the AMPK pathway and augmentation of autophagy. These findings revealed that MET can be exploited as a potentially useful drug for ARC prevention. Our study will help in enlightening the development of innovative strategies for the clinical treatment of ARC.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits AR expression via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Zhou Duanfang , Cai Yongqing , Yu Xiaoping , Zheng Xiangru , Chen Bo , Li Wenjun , Zeng Hongfang , Hassan Moustapha , Zhao Ying , Zhou Weiying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is an important prognostic marker and therapeutic target in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer (LAR TNBC) and prostate cancer (PCa). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to regulate associated protein expression and is closely related to tumor growth and drug resistance. The effect of ER stress on AR expression and signaling remains unclear. Here, we focused on the regulation and underlying mechanism of AR expression induced by ER stress in LAR TNBC and PCa. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR results showed that AR expression was markedly decreased under ER stress induced by thapsigargin and brefeldin A, and this effect was dependent on PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and luciferase reporter gene analysis results showed that ATF4 bound to the AR promoter regions to inhibit its activity. Moreover, ATF4 overexpression inhibited tumor proliferation and AR expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrated that ER stress could decrease AR mRNA and protein levels via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling in LAR TNBC and PCa. Targeting the UPR may be a treatment strategy for AR-dependent TNBC and PCa.
Functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease candidates for deep brain stimulation
Authors: Albano Luigi , Agosta Federica , Basaia Silvia , Cividini Camilla , Stojkovic Tanja , Sarasso Elisabetta , Stankovic Iva , Tomic Aleksandra , Markovic Vladana , Stefanova Elka , Mortini Pietro , Kostic Vladimir S. , Filippi Massimo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify functional neuroimaging patterns anticipating the clinical indication for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A cohort of prospectively recruited patients with PD underwent neurological evaluations and resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) at baseline and annually for 4 years. Patients were divided into two groups: 19 patients eligible for DBS over the follow-up and 41 patients who did not meet the criteria to undergo DBS. Patients selected as candidates for DBS did not undergo surgery at this stage. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed baseline evaluations. Graph analysis and connectomics assessed global and local topological network properties and regional functional connectivity at baseline and at each time point. At baseline, network analysis showed a higher mean nodal strength, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient of the occipital areas in candidates for DBS over time relative to controls and patients not eligible for DBS. The occipital hyperconnectivity pattern was confirmed by regional analysis. At baseline, a decreased functional connectivity between basal ganglia and sensorimotor/frontal networks was found in candidates for DBS compared to patients not eligible for surgery. In the longitudinal analysis, patient candidate for DBS showed a progressively decreased topological brain organization and functional connectivity, mainly in the posterior brain networks, and a progressively increased connectivity of basal ganglia network compared to non-candidates for DBS. RS-fMRI may support the clinical indication to DBS and could be useful in predicting which patients would be eligible for DBS in the earlier stages of PD.