bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney stone prevalence based on self-report and Electronic Health Records: insight into the prevalence of active medical care for kidney stones
Authors: Forbes Connor M. , Nimmagadda Naren , Kavoussi Nicholas L. , Xu Yaomin , Bejan Cosmin A. , Miller Nicole L. , Hsi Ryan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionKidney stone prevalence estimates vary depending on sampling methodology. We compared rates of patient-reported kidney stone disease to Electronic Health Records (EHR) kidney stone diagnosis using a common dataset to evaluate for socio-demographic differences in these populations, including between those with and without active care for kidney stones.MethodsFrom the All of Us research database, we identified 21,687 adult participants with both patient-reported medical history and EHR data. We extracted patient-reported kidney stone history and medical encounters for kidney stones from EHR. We compared differences in age, sex, race, education, employment status and healthcare access between patients with self-reported kidney stone history without EHR data to those with EHR-based diagnoses.ResultsIn this population, the self-reported prevalence of kidney stones was 8.6% overall (n=1877), including 4.6% (n=1004) who had self-reported diagnoses but no EHR data. Among those with self-reported kidney stone diagnoses only, the median age was 66, 43% were male, and 92% were Non-Hispanic Whites, compared 120,623 (53.9%) in the entire All of Us cohort. The EHR-based prevalence of kidney stones was 5.7% (n=1231), median age 67, of whom 45% were male and 92% were Non-Hispanic White. No differences were observed in age, sex, education, employment status, rural/urban status, or ability to afford healthcare between groups with EHR diagnosis or self-reported diagnosis only. Of patients who had a self-reported history of kidney stones, 24% reported actively seeing a provider for kidney stones.ConclusionsKidney stone prevalence by self-report is higher than EHR-based prevalence in this national dataset. Using either method alone to estimate kidney stone prevalence may exclude some patients with the condition, although the demographic profile of both groups is similar. Approximately one in four patients report actively seeing a provider for stone disease.
Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Networks for Volumetric Computed Tomography Surviews from Single- and Dual-View Topograms
Authors: Shapira Nadav , Bharthulwar Siddharth , Noël Peter B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is an extensively used imaging modality capable of generating detailed images of a patient’s internal anatomy for diagnostic and interventional procedures. High-resolution volumes are created by measuring and combining information along many radiographic projection angles. In current medical practice, single and dual-view two-dimensional (2D) topograms are utilized for planning the proceeding diagnostic scans and for selecting favorable acquisition parameters, either manually or automatically, as well as for dose modulation calculations. In this study, we develop modified 2D to three-dimensional (3D) encoder-decoder neural network architectures to generate CT-like volumes from single and dual-view topograms. We validate the developed neural networks on synthesized topograms from publicly available thoracic CT datasets. Finally, we assess the viability of the proposed transformational encoder-decoder architecture on both common image similarity metrics and quantitative clinical use case metrics, a first for 2D-to-3D CT reconstruction research. According to our findings, both single-input and dual-input neural networks are able to provide accurate volumetric anatomical estimates. The proposed technology will allow for improved (i) planning of diagnostic CT acquisitions, (ii) input for various dose modulation techniques, and (iii) recommendations for acquisition parameters and/or automatic parameter selection. It may also provide for an accurate attenuation correction map for positron emission tomography (PET) with only a small fraction of the radiation dose utilized.
Variational and phase response analysis for limit cycles with hard boundaries, with applications to neuromechanical control problems
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Gill Jeffrey P. , Chiel Hillel J. , Thomas Peter J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotor systems show an overall robustness, but because they are highly nonlinear, understanding how they achieve robustness is difficult. In many rhythmic systems, robustness against perturbations involves response of both the shape and the timing of the trajectory. This makes the study of robustness even more challenging.To understand how a motor system produces robust behaviors in a variable environment, we consider a neuromechanical model of motor patterns in the feeding apparatus of the marine molluskAplysia californica(Shaw et al., 2015; Lyttle et al., 2017). We established in (Wang et al., 2021) the tools for studying combined shape and timing responses of limit cycle systems under sustained perturbations and here apply them to study robustness of the neuromechanical model against increased mechanical load during swallowing. Interestingly, we discover that nonlinear biomechanical properties confer resilience by immediately increasing resistance to applied loads. In contrast, the effect of changed sensory feedback signal is significantly delayed by the firing rates’ hard boundary properties. Our analysis suggests that sensory feedback contributes to robustness in swallowing primarily by shifting the timing of neural activation involved in the power stroke of the motor cycle (retraction). This effect enables the system to generate stronger retractor muscle forces to compensate for the increased load, and hence achieve strong robustness.The approaches that we are applying to understanding a neuromechanical model inAplysia, and the results that we have obtained, are likely to provide insights into the function of other motor systems that encounter changing mechanical loads and hard boundaries, both due to mechanical and neuronal firing properties.
Assessment of glucocorticoid-induced enhancer activity of eSNP regions using STARR-seq reveals novel molecular mechanisms in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Penner-Goeke Signe , Bothe Melissa , Kappelmann Nils , Kreitmaier Peter , Kaya Ezgi , Pöhlchen Dorothee , Kühnel Anne , Czamara Darina ,   BeCOME working group, Glaser Laura V. , Roeh Simone , Ködel Maik , Monteserin-Garcia Jose , Rummel Christine , Arloth-Knauer Janine , Diener-Hölzl Laura , Woelfel Barbara , Sauer Susann , Riesenberg Stephan , Ziller Michael J. , Labeur Marta , Meijsing Sebastiaan H. , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExposure to stressful events increases risk for psychiatric disorders. Mechanistic insight into genetic factors moderating the impact of stress can increase our understanding of disease processes. Here, we test 3662 SNPs from preselected expression quantitative trait loci in massively parallel reporter assays to identify genetic variants that modulate the activity of regulatory elements sensitive to glucocorticoids, important mediators of the stress response. Of the tested SNP sequences, 547 were located in glucocorticoid-responsive regulatory elements of which 233 showed allele-dependent activity. Transcripts regulated by these variants were enriched for those differentially expressed in psychiatric disorders in postmortem brain. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis in 4,439 phenotypes revealed potentially causal associations specifically in neuro-behavioral traits, including psychiatric disorders. Finally, functional gene scores derived from these variants were significantly associated with differences in physiological stress measures, suggesting that these may alter disease risk by moderating the individual set point of the stress response.
Prevalence and determinants of mental well-being and satisfaction with life among university students amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hossain Sujan Md. Safaet , Haghighathoseini Atefehsadat , Tasnim Rafia , Ripon Rezaul Karim , Ripon Sayem Ahmed , Hasan Mohammad Mohiuddin , Uddin Muhammad Ramiz , Ferdous Most. Zannatul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a slew of mental illnesses due to a lack of cures and vaccinations, as well as concerns about students’ well-being and satisfaction with life, resulting in psychological symptoms and dissatisfaction with their lives. As students are highly susceptible to mental health issues, researchers discovered that perceived SWL and MWB decreased. The present study investigated the prevalence and determinants of mental well-being and satisfaction with life among university students in Bangladesh.MethodsAn e-survey based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to April 2021 among 660 students. A purposive sampling technique was utilized in the study. Self-reported mental well-being and satisfaction with life psychological tools were also used. The e-questionnaire survey was conducted with informed consent and questions were related to socio-demographics, satisfaction with life, and mental well-being scales. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were performed. The data were rechecked and analyzed with the R programming languageResultsThe prevalence estimates of mental well-being and satisfaction with life were 27% and 13%, respectively. In a total of 660 participants, 58.2% of them were male and the rest of them were female (41.8%). Among the participants, 22.5% suffer the worst conditions regarding their financial conditions, and 16.5% badly seek a job for livelihood.ConclusionThe present findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic and longtime educational institution closure significantly affect the students mental health. Students’ mental well-being was in vulnerable conditions and their satisfaction with life was extremely poor. A comprehensive student psychological support service should be expanded to help students’ mental health.
Reduced antibody acquisition with increasing age following vaccination with BNT162b2: results from a large study performed in the general population aged 12 to 92 years
Authors: van den Hoogen Lotus L. , Boer Mardi C. , Postema Abigail , de Rond Lia , de Zeeuw-Brouwer Mary-lène , Pronk Inge , Wijmenga-Monsuur Alienke J. , Bijvank Elske , Kruiper Caitlyn , Beckers Lisa , Maurik Marjan Bogaard-van , Zutt Ilse , van Vliet Jeffrey , van Bergen Rianne , Kuijer Marjan , Smits Gaby , Monique Verschuren W. M. , Picavet H. Susan J. , van der Klis Fiona R.M. , den Hartog Gerco , van Binnendijk Robert S. , Buisman Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVaccine-induced protection of the population against severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death is of utmost importance, especially in the elderly. However, limited data are available on humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in the general population across a broad age range. We performed an integrated analysis of the effect of age, sex and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on Spike S1-specific (S1) IgG concentrations up to three months post BNT162b2 vaccination. 1·735 persons, eligible for COVID-19 vaccination through the national program, were recruited from the general population (12 to 92 years old). Sixty percent were female and the median vaccination interval was 35 days (interquartile range, IQR: 35-35). All participants had seroconverted to S1 one month after two doses of vaccine. S1 IgG was higher in participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (median: 4·535 BAU/ml, IQR: 2·341-7·205) compared to infection-naïve persons (1·842 BAU/ml, 1·019-3·116) after two doses, p<0.001. In infection-naïve persons, linear mixed effects regression showed a strong negative association between age and S1 IgG one month after the first vaccination (p<0.001) across the entire age range. The association was still present after the second vaccination, but less pronounced. Females had higher S1 IgG than males after both the first and second vaccination (p<0.001); although this difference was lower after the second dose. In persons with an infection history, age nor sex was associated with peak S1 IgG. As IgG decreased with age and time since vaccination, older persons may become at risk of infection, especially with escape variants such as Omicron.
Bias-adjusted predictions of county-level vaccination coverage from the COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey
Authors: Reitsma Marissa B. , Rose Sherri , Reinhart Alex , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Salomon Joshua A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe potential for bias in non-representative, large-scale, low-cost survey data can limit their utility for population health measurement and public health decision-making. We developed a multi-step regression framework to bias-adjust vaccination coverage predictions from the large-scale US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey that included post-stratification to the American Community Survey and secondary normalization to an unbiased reference indicator. As a case study, we applied this framework to generate county-level predictions of long-run vaccination coverage among children ages 5 to 11 years. Our vaccination coverage predictions suggest a low ceiling on long-term national coverage (46%), detect substantial geographic heterogeneity (ranging from 11% to 91% across counties in the US), and highlight widespread disparities in the pace of scale-up in the three months following Emergency Use Authorization of COVID-19 vaccination for 5 to 11 year-olds. Generally, our analysis demonstrates an approach to leverage differing strengths of multiple sources of information to produce estimates on the time-scale and geographic-scale necessary for proactive decision-making. The utility of large-scale, low-cost survey data for improving population health measurement is amplified when these data are combined with other representative sources of data.
Evaluation of anti-spike glycoprotein antibody and neutralizing antibody response of different vaccine platforms. A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial studies
Authors: Mirzakhani Mohammad , Tahmasebi Safa , Dashti Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Faghih Manizhe , Mohammadnia-Afrouzi Mousa , Gouvarchin Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili , Amani Jafar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and spread globally, prompting an international effort to accelerate development of a vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 transmit among the people fast and infected thousands of people daily around the world. Because of rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among the people, there is an urgent need to prevent people from infection or hospitalization and control the disease.MethodsWe will search electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Scopus, Google scholar, the key journals (vaccine and vaccines). Moreover, trial registry including clinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, and ISRCTN will be searched. We will only select all clinical trial studies in any phases of evaluation (i.e. phase I, II, II, IV). For anti-spike glycoprotein antibody (IgG) response and neutralizing antibody response, we will report Ratio of Geometric Mean (RoGM), Ratio of Mean (RoM) or standardized mean difference (SMD) depends on type of articles.DiscussionVarious vaccine platforms have been developed to increase the resistance to the SARS-CoV2 virus and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates. The comprehensive data gathering and analysis of results will guide scientists about the best available evidence. Moreover, the current study results may indicate which of the vaccine platforms are more effective and safe for COVID-19.
Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: a health economics modelling study
Authors: Sahu Maitreyi , Bayer Cara J. , Roberts D. Allen , van Rooyen Heidi , van Heerden Alastair , Shahmanesh Maryam , Asiimwe Stephen , Sausi Kombi , Sithole Nsika , Ying Roger , Rao Darcy W. , Krows Meighan L. , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Baeten Jared M. , Celum Connie , Revill Paul , Barnabas Ruanne V. ,   for the Delivery Optimization of Antiretroviral Therapy (DO ART) Study Team
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCommunity-based delivery and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has the potential to increase viral suppression for individual- and population-level health benefits. However, the cost-effectiveness and budget impact are needed for public health policy.Methods and FindingsWe used a mathematical model of HIV transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to estimate population prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2020 to 2060 for two scenarios: 1) standard clinic-based HIV care and 2) five-yearly home testing campaigns with community ART for people not reached by clinic-based care. We parameterised model scenarios using observed community-based ART efficacy. We evaluated incremental cost-effectiveness and net health benefits using a threshold of $750/DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses varied costs of ART, hospitalisation, and testing. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were estimated across 25 best-fitting parameter sets. By 2060, community ART following home testing averted 27.9% (UR: 24.3–31.5) of incident HIV infections, 27.8% (26.8–28.8) of HIV-related deaths, and 18.7% (17.9–19.7) of DALYs compared to standard of care. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years experienced the greatest reduction in incident HIV (30.7%, 27.1–34.7). In the first five years (2020–2024), community ART required an additional $44.9 million (35.8–50.1) annually, representing 14.3% (11.4–16.0) of the current HIV budget. The cost per DALY averted was $102 (85–117) for community ART compared with standard of care. Providing six-monthly refills instead of quarterly refills further increased cost-effectiveness to $78.5 per DALY averted (62.9–92.8). Cost-effectiveness was robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn a high-prevalence setting, scale-up of decentralised ART dispensing and monitoring for people not already virally suppressed can provide large population health benefits and is cost-effective in preventing death and disability due to HIV.
Levels and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among sub-Saharan African adolescents
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Chukwu Angela , Mwanyika-Sando Mary , Abubakari Sulemana Watara , Assefa Nega , Madzorera Isabel , Hemler Elena C , Ismail Abbas , Lankoande Bruno , Mapendo Frank , Millogo Ourohiré , Workneh Firehiwot , Azemraw Temesgen , Febir Lawrence G , James Christabel , Tinkasimile Amani , Asante Kwaku Poku , Baernighausen Till , Berhane Yemane , Killewo Japhet , Oduola Ayoade M.J. , Sie Ali , Smith Emily R , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Tajudeen Raji , Vuai Said , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents poses a challenge to the global effort to control the pandemic. This multi-country survey aimed to assess the levels and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa between July and December 2021. The survey was conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing among adolescents in five sub-Saharan African countries, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A rural area and an urban area were included in each country (except Ghana, which only had a rural area), with approximately 300 adolescents in each area and 2803 in total. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions and attitudes on COVID-19 vaccines were measured. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as definitely not getting vaccinated or being undecided on whether to get vaccinated if a COVID-19 vaccine were available. Log-binomial models were used to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between potential determinants and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The percentage of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 15% in rural Kersa, 24% in rural Ibadan, 31% in rural Nouna, 33% in urban Ouagadougou, 37% in urban Addis Ababa, 48% in rural Kintampo, 64% in urban Lagos, 76% in urban Dar es Salaam, and 88% in rural Dodoma. Perceived low necessity, concerns about vaccine safety, and concerns about vaccine effectiveness were the leading reasons for hesitancy. Healthcare workers, parents or family members, and schoolteachers had the greatest impacts on vaccine willingness. Perceived lack of safety (aPR: 3.61; 95% CI: 3.10, 4.22) and lack of effectiveness (aPR: 3.59; 95% CI: 3.09, 4.18) were associated with greater vaccine hesitancy. The levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents are alarmingly high across the five sub-Saharan African countries, especially in Tanzania. COVID-19 vaccination campaigns among sub-Saharan African adolescents should address their concerns and misconceptions about vaccine safety and effectiveness.
Annual prevalence of non-communicable diseases and identification of vulnerable populations following the Fukushima disaster and COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Murakami Michio , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisasters, pandemics, and their response measures can have secondary effects on the physical and psychological health of affected populations. Identifying populations vulnerable to these effects is beneficial for promoting effective health and prevention strategies. Using health insurance receipt data from 2009 to 2020, we assessed changes in prevalence of major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and mental disorders, among affected populations before and after the Fukushima disaster and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Japan. Furthermore, age and sex groups with the largest increases in prevalence after these events were identified. The participants of this study were members of the Employees’ Health Insurance scheme, including employees of companies and their dependent family members. The dataset was provided by JMDC Inc. The annual age-adjusted prevalence of each disease was used to calculate the ratio of disease prevalence before and after the events. After the Fukushima disaster, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes generally increased over a 9-year period in Fukushima Prefecture. The increase in the prevalence rate of these three NCDs and mental disorders were the highest among females aged 40–74 years compared to males and the other age groups. The prevalence of all four diseases increased after the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan, with marked increase in males aged 0–39 years. Populations that have experienced secondary health effects such as NCDs are unique to each disaster or pandemic, and it is important to provide tailor-made public health support among populations in accordance to the type of disasters and pandemic.HighlightsWe assessed secondary health effects of Fukushima disaster and COVID-19 pandemicNon-communicable diseases increased after the disaster and COVID-19 pandemicThe increase rates were higher among females aged 40–74 years after the disasterThe increase rates were higher among males aged 0–39 years after COVID-19 pandemicIt is important to provide tailor-made public health support among populations
Computational conjugate adaptive optics for longitudinal through-skull imaging of cortical myelin
Authors: Kwon Yongwoo , Hong Jin Hee , Yoon Seokchan , Kang Sungsam , Lee Hojun , Jo Yonghyeon , Kim Ki Hean , Choi Wonshik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a 1.3-μm reflection matrix microscope and computational conjugate adaptive optics algorithm for label-free longitudinal imaging of cortical myelin through an intact mouse skull. The myelination processes of the same mice were observed from 3 to 10 postnatal weeks down to cortical layer 4 with a near-diffraction-limited resolution of 0.79 µm. Our system will expedite the investigations on the role of myelination in learning, memory, and brain disorders.