bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the geometric characteristics of clinothems and the relationship with shelf‐edge trajectories of thePlio‐Pleistocenecontinental slope in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Liu Hao , van Loon Antonius Johannes (Tom) , Xu Jie , Hao Shimeng , Zhang Yingzhao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on high‐quality two‐dimensional seismic profiles and well data, the seismic reflection characteristics from the late Pliocene and Pleistocene succession of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea have been analysed. The result will help in understanding the sedimentological development of slope areas. Twenty coeval clinothems are recognized and four major clinothem types are distinguished. In addition, three types of shelf‐edge trajectories are recognized. The various parameters of the clinothems are analysed quantitatively and the relationships between the various clinothem types are studied in combination with the controlling roles. It is concluded that: (i) the shelf‐edge trajectories are related to the type of clinothem; (ii) fluctuations in the relative sea level, in combination with variations in sediment supply, result in different clinothem types and geometric parameters; these parameters show interdependencies; (iii) the alternations of progradation and aggradation of clinothems may provide information of the relative sea level and changes in sediment supply; (iv) some lowstand fans could develop at the foot of the slope in the central–eastern part of the basin when the relative sea level started to fall or began to rise. The results of the present study are consequently significant for further quantitative analyses of the characteristics and development of the continental slope, not only in the Qiongdongnan Basin, but also in other basins.
Why Social Constructionists Should Embrace Minimalist Race
Authors: Hardimon Michael 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMy thesis is that social constructionists should embrace minimalist race. By this I mean they should accept the minimalist concept of race and the existence of minimalist races. They are likely to reject this suggestion because they are antirealists about biological race. But their antirealism about biological race is based on their identification of the biological concept of race with the racialist concept of race. The minimalist concept of race is free of the invidious features that make the racialist concept objectionable. It represents race as ancestry marked by patterns of visible physical differences. The reasons social constructionists have to reject the racialist concept of race do not extend to the minimalist concept of race. Social constructionists should accept that minimalist races exist, because it is overwhelmingly plausible that such races exist. Furthermore, they need minimalist races to account for the biological correlate of social race and to secure the biological materials the project of social construction requires.
Carceral spectres: Hyperincarceration and the haunting of Aboriginal life
Authors: Horton Patrick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing on recent participant observation‐based data from the Northern Territory's Victoria River region, I propose that the coercive and custodial arms of the settler state are predominant features of, and constant and permanent forces of rupture in, remote Aboriginal life. I use the term ‘carceral spectres’ to describe the ways hyperincarceration and hyperpolicing shape, disturb and, in particular, ‘haunt’ Aboriginal life, people, places and things. This framework has implications for the ways we might think about the multi‐faceted impacts of the radical incarceration rates of Indigenous people in Australia, and the experience of life in the context of ongoing colonial occupation and pervasive carcerality.
cis‐Regulatory variation affecting gene expression contributes to the improvement of maize kernel size
Authors: Li Yong‐xiang , Lu Jiawen , He Cheng , Wu Xun , Cui Yu , Chen Lin , Zhang Jie , Xie Yuxin , An Yixin , Liu Xuyang , Zhen Sihan , Liu Yunjun , Li Chunhui , Zhang Dengfeng , Shi Yun‐Su , Song Yanchun , Wang Jianhua , Li Yu , Wang Guoying , Fu Junjie , Wang Tianyu 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYcis‐Regulatory variations contribute to trait evolution and adaptation during crop domestication and improvement. As the most important harvested organ in maize (Zea mays L.), kernel size has undergone intensive selection for size. However, the associations between maize kernel size and cis‐regulatory variations remain unclear. We chose two independent association populations to dissect the genetic architecture of maize kernel size together with transcriptomic and genotypic data. The resulting phenotypes reflected a strong influence of population structure on kernel size. Compared with genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), which accounted for population structure and relatedness, GWAS based on a naïve or simple linear model revealed additional associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms significantly involved in the conserved pathways controlling seed size in plants. Regulation analyses through expression quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that cis‐regulatory variations likely control kernel size by fine‐tuning the expression of proximal genes, among which ZmKL1 (GRMZM2G098305) was transgenically validated. We also proved that the pyramiding of the favorable cis‐regulatory variations has contributed to the improvement of maize kernel size. Collectively, our results demonstrate that cis‐regulatory variations, together with their regulatory genes, provide excellent targets for future maize improvement.
Transcription factor ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 to repress expression of ZmbZIP111 for salt tolerance in maize
Authors: Bo Chen , Cai Ronghao , Fang Xiu , Wu Hao , Ma Zhongxian , Yuan Haotian , Cheng Beijiu , Fan Jun , Ma Qing 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop worldwide. However, its yield and quality are adversely affected by salt stress resulting from soil hypersalinity. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of stress responses is of vital importance to increase maize seed production. In the present study, we screened ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced maize mutants and identified a salt‐tolerant mutant. A single base was mutated in ZmWRKY20, leading to the formation of a truncated protein variant. A detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that this mutant had significantly higher resistance to wilting and lower reactive oxygen species levels than the inbred line B73. ZmWRKY20 showed transcriptional activity in yeast and specifically bound W‐boxes according to the results of our yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual‐luciferase assays. Overexpression of ZmWRKY20 decreased salt tolerance in maize. Transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmWRKY20 overexpression extensively reprogrammed genes involved in regulating defense and oxidation–reduction responses. The results substantiate that ZmWRKY20 is directly targeted to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif in the transcription factor ZmbZIP111. It was also verified that ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 and both proteins act jointly to enhance ZmbZIP111 repression. The results indicate that the ZmWRKY20 and ZmWRKY115 transcription factors interact in the nucleus, leading to repression of ZmbZIP111 expression by directly binding its promoter, and increase the sensitivity of maize seedlings to salt stress. The current study improves our understanding of the complicated responses of maize to salt stress.
Intercellular model predicts mechanisms of inflammation‐fibrosis coupling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Chowkwale Mukti , Lindsey Merry L. , Saucerman Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAfter myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac cells work together to regulate wound healing of the infarct. The pathological response to MI yields cardiac remodelling comprising inflammatory and fibrosis phases, and the interplay of cellular dynamics that underlies these phases has not been elucidated. This study developed a computational model to identify cytokine and cellular dynamics post‐MI to predict mechanisms driving post‐MI inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and scar formation. Additionally, this study evaluated the interdependence between inflammation and fibrosis. Our model bypassed limitations of in vivo approaches in achieving cellular specificity and performing specific perturbations such as global knockouts of chemical factors. The model predicted that inflammation is a graded response to initial infarct size that is amplified by a positive feedback loop between neutrophils and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β). Resolution of inflammation was driven by degradation of IL‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), as well as apoptosis of neutrophils. Inflammation regulated TGFβ secretion directly through immune cell recruitment and indirectly through upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Lastly, we found that mature collagen deposition was an ultrasensitive switch in response to inflammation, which was amplified primarily by cardiac fibroblast proliferation. These findings describe the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and highlight how the two responses work together post‐MI. This model revealed that post‐MI inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, which provides rationale for designing novel anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolving or anti‐fibrotic therapies that may improve the response to MI.
imageKey points
Inflammation and matrix remodelling are two processes involved in wound healing after a heart attack.
Cardiac cells work together to facilitate these processes; this is done by secreting cytokines that then regulate the cells themselves or other cells surrounding them.
This study developed a computational model of the dynamics of cardiac cells and cytokines to predict mechanisms through which inflammation and matrix remodelling is regulated.
We show the roles of various cytokines and signalling motifs in driving inflammation, resolution of inflammation and fibrosis.
The novel concept of inflammation–fibrosis coupling, based on the model prediction that inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, provides rationale for future studies and for designing therapeutics to improve the response after a heart attack.
Modeling and Analysis of Tendon-Driven Parallel Continuum Robots Under Constant Curvature and Pseudo-Rigid-Body Assumptions
Authors: Wen Kefei , Burgner-Kahrs Jessica 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article unifies the approaches of kinematic and static modeling, and singularity analysis for tendon-driven parallel continuum robots under constant curvature as well as pseudo-rigid-body assumptions with those implemented in conventional rigid parallel robots. Constraint conditions are determined for the legs of this type of parallel continuum robots based on which the velocity equations and Jacobian matrices are derived. These are further exploited for inverse kinematic and singularity analysis. Static models for the robot as well as for each of the continuum links under pseudo-rigid-body assumption are derived. Finally, a simulation example is given to validate the kinematic models. It is shown that singularities can be determined using Grassmann line geometry or by detecting the numerical values of three performance indices.
Effectiveness of Fitbit Activity Prompts in Reducing Sitting Time and Increasing Physical Activity in University Employees: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boudreaux Benjamin D. , Schenck Julie A. , Chu Zhixuan , Schmidt Michael D. 
Published: July 2022

Consumer activity devices use prompts to alter sedentary and physical activity (PA) behaviors. However, it is unclear if PA prompts are effective. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of PA prompts from a consumer wearable device in reducing sitting time and increasing PA in university employees. Methods: Thirty-three university employees without a history of consumer activity device wear were randomly assigned a Fitbit Alta HR that administered PA prompts (Prompt group) or had the prompt feature deactivated (No Prompt group). Participants wore an activPAL for 5–7 days to measure baseline sitting time and PA behaviors. Participants then wore the Fitbit for 12 days during waking hours and an activPAL during the last 5–7 days of the Fitbit wear period. Changes in activPAL sitting time and PA were compared across groups. Mean Fitbit steps taken in the first 50 min and the last 10 min of each hour were calculated and compared across groups during “Inactive” hours (<250 steps in the first 50 min), where a prompt was given (Prompt group) or would have been given (No Prompt group). Results: Mean activPAL sitting time increased in the Prompt group (0.66 ± 1.70 hr/day) and remained stable in the No Prompt group (−0.04 ± 1.29 hr/day), with no statistically significant differences between groups (d = 0.33, p = .36). Moderate to vigorous PA increased modestly in both groups, but no significant differences were observed. Fitbit steps during the last 10 min of inactive hours did not differ across groups. Conclusion: Fitbit PA prompts did not alter sitting time or PA behaviors in university employees.
Effects of Warm-Up Training on Psychomotor Vigilance and Repeated-Sprint Ability of Professional Soccer Referees: A Pilot Study
Authors: Busquets-Ferrer Mateu , González-Fernández Francisco Tomás , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso 
Published: July 2022

For this research, we analyzed the immediate effects of warm-up condition (WC) or without warm-up condition (WWC) on amateur referees’ physical and cognitive functioning. Eight professional soccer referees from the Balearic Committee of Football Referees were the participants of this study. Body composition characteristics were measured and the scores on three tests were recorded: the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery, repeated-sprint ability, and psychomotor vigilance task. Regarding results, the psychomotor vigilance task was performed better after warm-up training (p = .002, η2 = .79) with faster reaction times following WC (M = 318.2, SD = 27.1 ms) than WWC (M = 334.9, SD = 26.1). Similarly, the referees’ performance was better on the repeated-sprint ability test after WC (p = .002, d = 0.53) than WWC, with minimum and average power values higher after WC (M = 626.77, SD = 112.57) than WWC (M = 562.35, SD = 79.63). We conclude that re-warm-up training may mitigate the vigilance performance changes caused by effects of rest on soccer referees.
Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atakan Muhammed M , Guzel Yasemin , Shrestha Nipun , Kosar Sukran N , Grgic Jozo , Astorino Todd A , Turnagol Huseyin H , Pedisic Zeljko 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on fat oxidation during exercise (FatOx) and how they compare with the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesAcademic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenDissertations, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies using a between-group design, involving adult participants who were not trained athletes, and evaluating effects of HIIT or SIT on FatOx (vs no exercise or MICT) were included.ResultsEighteen studies of fair-to-good quality were included; nine comparing HIIT or SIT with no exercise and eleven comparing HIIT or SIT with MICT. A significant pooled effect of these types of interval training on FatOx was found (mean difference in g/min (MD)=0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.12;p<0.001). Significant effects were found for exercise regimens lasting ≥4 weeks, and they increased with every additional week of training (β=0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.02;p=0.003). HIIT and/or SIT were slightly more effective than MICT (MD=0.03; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05;p=0.005). The effects on FatOx were larger among individuals with overweight/obesity.ConclusionEngaging in HIIT or SIT can improve FatOx, with larger effects expected for longer training regimens and individuals with overweight/obesity. While some effects seem small, they may be important in holistic approaches to enhance metabolic health and manage obesity.
Core outcome set for peripheral regional anesthesia research: a systematic review and Delphi study
Authors: Hill Jeremy , Ashken Toby , West Simeon , Macfarlane Alan James Robert , El-Boghdadly Kariem , Albrecht Eric , Chin Ki Jinn , Fox Ben , Gupta Ashwani , Haskins Stephen , Haslam Nat , Hogg Rosemary MG , Hormis Anil , Johnston David F , Mariano Edward R , Merjavy Peter , Moll Timothy , Parry James , Pawa Amit , Russon Kim , Sebastian Maria Paz , Turbitt Lloyd , Womack Jonathan , Chazapis Maria 
Published: July 2022

Background/importanceThere is heterogeneity among the outcomes used in regional anesthesia research.ObjectiveWe aimed to produce a core outcome set for regional anesthesia research.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and Delphi study to develop this core outcome set. A systematic review of the literature from January 2015 to December 2019 was undertaken to generate a long list of potential outcomes to be included in the core outcome set. For each outcome found, the parameters such as the measurement scale, timing and definitions, were compiled. Regional anesthesia experts were then recruited to participate in a three-round electronic modified Delphi process with incremental thresholds to generate a core outcome set. Once the core outcomes were decided, a final Delphi survey and video conference vote was used to reach a consensus on the outcome parameters.ResultsTwo hundred and six papers were generated following the systematic review, producing a long list of 224 unique outcomes. Twenty-one international regional anesthesia experts participated in the study. Ten core outcomes were selected after three Delphi survey rounds with 13 outcome parameters reaching consensus after a final Delphi survey and video conference.ConclusionsWe present the first core outcome set for regional anesthesia derived by international expert consensus. These are proposed not to limit the outcomes examined in future studies, but rather to serve as a minimum core set. If adopted, this may increase the relevance of outcomes being studied, reduce selective reporting bias and increase the availability and suitability of data for meta-analysis in this area.
Universal enveloping algebra of a pair of compatible Lie brackets
Authors: Gubarev Vsevolod 
Published: July 2022

By applying the Poincaré—Birkhoff—Witt property and the Gröbner—Shirshov bases technique, we find the linear basis of the associative universal enveloping algebra in the sense of Ginzburg and Kapranov of a pair of compatible Lie brackets. We state that the growth rate of this universal enveloping over [Formula: see text]-dimensional compatible Lie algebra equals [Formula: see text].
Coordinated Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles: A New Class of Switching Attacks
Authors: Ghafouri Mohsen , Kabir Ekram , Moussa Bassam , Assi Chadi 
Published: July 2022

In this work, we investigate that the abundance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be exploited to target the stability of the power grid. Through a cyber attack that compromises a lot of available EVs and their charging infrastructure, we present a realistic coordinated switching attack that initiates inter-area oscillations between different areas of the power grid. The threat model as well as linearized state-space representation of the grid are formulated to illustrate possible consequences of the attack. Two variations of switching attack are considered, namely, switching of EV charging and discharging power into the grid. Moreover, two possible attack strategies are also considered (i) using an insider to reveal the accurate system parameters and (ii) using reconnaissance activities in the absence of the grid parameters. In the former strategy, the system equations are used to compute the required knowledge to launch the attack. However, a stealthy system identification technique, which is tailored based on Eigenvalue Realization Algorithm (ERA), is proposed in latter strategy to calculate the required data for attack execution. The two-area Kundur, 39-Bus New England, and the Australian 5-area power grids are used to demonstrate the attack strategies and their consequences. The collected results demonstrate that by manipulation of EV charging stations and launching a coordinated switching attack to those portions of load, inter-area oscillations can be initiated. Finally, to protect the grid from this anticipated attack, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based framework is proposed to detect and eliminate this attack even before being executed.
Pediatric Cancer By Race, Ethnicity and Region in the United States
Authors: Rees Judy R. , Weiss Julie E. , Riddle Bruce L. , Craver Karen , Zens Michael Scot , Celaya Maria O. , Peacock Janet L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
In a 2018 descriptive study, cancer incidence in children (age 0–19) in diagnosis years 2003 to 2014 was reported as being highest in New Hampshire and in the Northeast region.

Methods:
Using the Cancer in North America (CiNA) analytic file, we tested the hypotheses that incidence rates in the Northeast were higher than those in other regions of the United States either overall or by race/ethnicity group, and that rates in New Hampshire were higher than the Northeast region as a whole.

Results:
In 2003 to 2014, pediatric cancer incidence was significantly higher in the Northeast than other regions of the United States overall and among non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, but not among Hispanics and other racial minorities. However, there was no significant variability in incidence in the states within the Northeast overall or by race/ethnicity subgroup. Overall, statistically significantly higher incidence was seen in the Northeast for lymphomas [RR, 1.15; 99% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.19], central nervous system neoplasms (RR, 1.12; 99% CI, 1.07–1.16), and neuroblastoma (RR, 1.13; 99% CI, 1.05–1.21).

Conclusions:
Pediatric cancer incidence is statistically significantly higher in the Northeast than in the rest of the United States, but within the Northeast, states have comparable incidence. Differences in cancer subtypes by ethnicity merit further investigation.

Impact:
Our analyses clarify and extend previous reports by statistically confirming the hypothesis that the Northeast has the highest pediatric cancer rates in the country, by providing similar comparisons stratified by race/ethnicity, and by assessing variability within the Northeast.