bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant uveal melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kolaii Seiiedeh Samaneh Taghian Jamaleddin , Dehghanian Amir Reza , Jeddi Marjan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Melanoma develops in the cells that produce melanin; ocular melanoma accounts for 3–4% of all malignant melanomas. Thyroid tumors are the most common endocrine neoplasms, with more than 95% of cases arising from follicular cell origin. Previous studies have reported associations between malignant melanoma and a wide variety of malignancies.

Case presentation
We report a 54-year-old Iranian woman who was diagnosed with ocular melanoma based on a mushroom-shaped filling defect with homogeneous echo pattern arising from the anterior third of the temporal side of the globe detected on ocular sonography during routine ophthalmological examination. She underwent right globe enucleation and implant replacement. During tumor surveillance, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed low-grade metabolically active tumoral involvement in the anterolateral aspect of the right lobe of thyroid. The patient subsequently underwent thyroidectomy and submandibular lymphadenectomy. Pathologic report demonstrated micropapillary carcinoma (9 × 8 mm2), tall cell variant without lymphovascular or perineural invasion in the base of lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Conclusion
This case illustrates the importance of precise active surveillance in case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid or malignant melanoma to avoid missing other associated pathologies and emphasizes the simultaneous treatment of two tumors.
Epidemics, pandemics and income inequality
Authors: Esseau-Thomas Chrys , Galarraga Omar , Khalifa Sherif 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe novel coronavirus is part of a series of infectious disease outbreaks that include: Ebola, Avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Influenza A. This paper addresses the question of how do these epidemics and pandemics affect income inequality in countries around the world during the first two decades of this century. To achieve its objective, the paper develops a model that indicates a positive association between these health crises and income inequality. To empirically test our theoretical predictions, the paper explores the effect on the Gini coefficient of a dummy variable that indicates the occurrence of an epidemic or a pandemic in a country in a given year and the number of deaths per 100,000. To properly address potential endogeneity, we implement a Three-Stage-Least Squares technique. The estimation shows that the number of deaths per 100,000 population variable has a statistically significant positive effect on the Gini coefficient, especially when we incorporate COVID-19 data. This suggests that not only the occurrence, but also the health consequences of COVID-19 have a significant and economically important effect on income inequality.Background: The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of epidemics and pandemics on income inequality. This has important implications as the outcome of this study can guide policymakers into implementing policies that can mitigate the economic consequences of these health crises.Methods: The study is a cross country analysis using fixed effects estimation. To address potential endogeneity and determine causality, the paper uses the Three-Stage-Least-Squares estimation.Results: The paper finds that the number of epidemic deaths per 100,000 population variable has a statistically significant positive effect on the Gini coefficient, especially when we incorporate COVID-19 data.Conclusions: The paper finds that it is not only the occurrence of an epidemic, captured by the epidemics dummy variable, but also the health consequences, captured by the number of deaths per 100,000 population, that have a significant effect on income inequality. This is especially the case when we incorporate COVID-19 in our analysis.Trial registration: Not Applicable.
The big five model in bipolar disorder: a latent profile analysis and its impact on longterm illness severity
Authors: Ortelbach Niklas , Rote Jonas , Dingelstadt Alice Mai Ly , Stolzenburg Anna , Koenig Cornelia , O’Malley Grace , Quinlivan Esther , Fiebig Jana , Pfeiffer Steffi , König Barbara , Simhandl Christian , Bauer Michael , Pfennig Andrea , Stamm Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Using a personality typing approach, we investigated the relationship between personality profiles and the prediction of longterm illness severity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). While previous research suggests associations between BD and traits from the NEO-FFI profiles, the current study firstly aimed to identify latent classes of NEO-FFI profiles, and, secondly, to examine their impact on the longterm prognosis of BD.

Methods
Based on the NEO-FFI profiles of 134 euthymic patients diagnosed with BD (64.2% female, mean age = 44.3 years), successive latent profile analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a subsample (n = 80) was examined prospectively by performing multiple regression analysis of the latent classes to evaluate the longitudinal course of the disease (mean: 54.7 weeks) measured using a modified Morbidity Index.

Results
The latent profile analyses suggested a 3-class model typifying in a resilient (n = 68, 51%), vulnerable (n = 55, 41%) and highly vulnerable (n = 11, 8%) class. In the regression analysis, higher vulnerability predicted a higher longterm Morbidity Index (R2 = 0.28).

Conclusions
Subgroups of patients with BD share a number of discrete personality features and their illness is characterized by a similar clinical course. This knowledge is valuable in a variety of clinical contexts including early detection, intervention planning and treatment process.
The pattern of medication use, and determinants of the prevalence of polypharmacy among patients with a recent history of depressive disorder: results from the pars cohort study
Authors: Ghaed-Sharaf Mehrnoosh , Hariri Sanam , Poustchi Hossein , Nourollahi Maryam , Khani Sara , Taherifard Erfan , Mohammadi Zahra , Hadipour Maryam , Sabaei Rasoul , Gandomkar Abdullah , Malekzadeh Fatemeh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate medication use among individuals with depressive disorders (DD) is a rising public health challenge. We aimed to investigate the polypharmacy and its determinants among individuals with DD in a less developed region, and evaluate the pattern of medication use in this population.

Methods
Data was extracted from Pars Cohort Study (PCS) between 2016 and 2019. Participants were asked to bring all the medication they were using regularly, and history of DD during the last 12 months prior to study was obtained. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification was applied and polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of five or more medications. Logistic regression models were developed to estimate the associations between polypharmacy and DD, adjusted for relevant covariates. The prevalence of consumption of each drug class was estimated among males, females, and elders. Logistic regression was applied and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated.

Results
A total of 9264 participants with a mean age of 52.6 (SD: 9.7) were enrolled. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 22.6% [95% CI (20.7–24.6)]. The most common drug classes were genitourinary system (55.4%) and nervous system (29.1%) medication, respectively. Recent history of DD was reported among 19.4% (n = 1795) participants, the majority of whom were females. Factors associated with polypharmacy include female gender (OR: 1.51), Fars ethnicity (OR: 1.52), lower physical activity (OR: 1.74), and higher socioeconomic status (OR: 1.40). The prevalence of antidepressant use among males was higher than females (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The prevalence of polypharmacy is high among patients with a recent history of depressive disorder. Females, individuals with higher socioeconomic status and lower physical activity, and those who use tobacco are more likely to be polymedicated. Surveillance measures need to be established to monitor the patterns of medication use among individuals with depressive disorders.
Analysis of food sources and nutrient intakes of selected breastfeeding mothers in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Custodio Ma. Rosel S. , Tanda Keith V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the food and nutrient intakes of selected breastfeeding mothers and identified the top food sources of nutrient intakes.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional study conducted in one of the private medical centers in Metro Manila, Philippines. Participants: The sample size included 70 mothers of healthy, term, exclusively breastfed infants aged 21–26 days at enrollment. Mothers were scheduled to visit the clinic at days 1, 22, 57, and day 90.Similarly, food diaries were obtained during these periods with a 3-day food record per clinic visit totaling to 12 records per mother at the end of 90 days. At every clinic visit, the records were validated face – to – face by the registered nutritionist – dietitians. An extension of the mother’s participation until day 155 was implemented for the collection of clinical outcomes used by Pediatricians. Mean food intakes were calculated. A PC-Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) program was used in the estimation of inadequate intakes. Socio-economic status was collected using standard questionnaires. Weight and height were measured using standard techniques to compute for BMI.

Results
Anthropometric results for the breastfeeding mothers reported a mean weight of 56.9 kg (SE = 1.3) and a mean height of 152.4 cm (SE = 0.6). In terms of body mass index (BMI), 8.6% were chronic energy deficient, and 34.3% were overweight while 12.9% were obese. Mean energy intake of breastfeeding mothers was 2516.7 kcal/day, which was 28.6% higher than the EER of 1957 kcal/day. Mean protein intake was 78.4 g/day, which was 37% inadequate while fat intake as percentage of total energy was excessive by 4%. Nutrient inadequacy is high for almost all nutrients: iron (99%), folate (96%), riboflavin (39%), vitamin B6 (63%), vitamin B12 (46%) and thiamine (22%). The top 5-food sources with highest percent contribution to energy are rice (43.1%), bread (8.1%), pork (7.7%), powdered milk (5.9%), and sweet bakery products (5%).

Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of protein and micronutrient inadequacies in the diet of breastfeeding mothers. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among breastfeeding mothers. These findings might be explained by the low variety and nutrient-poor foods consumed by the breastfeeding mothers. Understanding the major food sources of nutrient intake of breastfeeding mothers could be used to intensify if not craft interventions to address the nutrient gaps. Improving the maternal nutrition may contribute to having quality breastmilk to infants.
Massive hemoptysis treated with embolization of an ectopic bronchial artery arising from the right thyrocervical trunk: a case report
Authors: Cho Songhyon , Kubota Kenji , Hirose Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Norihiko , Murai Yui , Hirose Yasuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Ectopic bronchial artery and non-bronchial systemic arteries may be the culprit vessels of hemoptysis. The main cause of clinical failure of bronchial artery embolization is incomplete embolization caused by the misidentification of the culprit arteries by conventional angiography. Multidetector computed tomography angiography is useful for visualizing the culprit arteries.

Case presentation
An 82-year-old man was admitted with hemoptysis. Preprocedural multidetector computed tomography angiography revealed an ectopic bronchial artery branching from the right thyrocervical trunk. Superselective embolization of the ectopic bronchial artery was performed using gelatin sponge particles and metallic coils. Hemoptysis was controlled by this procedure without any associated complications.

Conclusions
Ectopic bronchial arteries originating from the thyrocervical trunk are rare. Preprocedural multidetector computed tomography angiography is useful for visualizing the culprit arteries of hemoptysis, especially if a patient has an ectopic bronchial artery or an ectopic non-bronchial systemic artery.
Anti-phospholipid antibodies in the setting of thromboembolic events associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Badr Omaima Ibrahim , Elrefaey Wael Aly , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Elmedany Samah Hamdy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Thrombotic consequences have been reported in COVID-19-infected patients, especially those who are critically ill. Multiple studies have tested antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) among COVID-19 patients, but to date, the actual frequency of aPLs is still uncharted.
In this cohort study, we analyzed the outcomes of 173 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Anti-phospholipid antibodies, which include anti-cardiolipin antibodies [aCL (IgM), aCL (IgG)], and B2-glycoprotein I antibodies [aβ2GPI (IgM), aβ2GPI (IgG)] were detected by using immunoassays. In contrast, lupus anti-coagulant (LAC) antibodies are identified through a coagulation-based assay.

Results
The study demonstrated a high incidence of thrombotic consequences in severe COVID pneumonia cases and supported an increased risk of developing aPLs following COVID-19 infection. Pulmonary embolism had the most common prevalence of all thrombotic events. Among the various aPLs tested in thrombotic patients, lupus anti-coagulant (LAC) had the highest positivity (46.2%). Most patients with arterial thromboembolism (stroke, myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, bowel ischemia, and renal artery thrombosis) had triple positivity of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Testing aPLs antibodies after 12 weeks of recovery for survived patients only 2 out of 23 patients had aPLs positivity compared to 35 out of 65 tested during hospital admission. Furthermore, we found no significant changes in aPLs positivity between survived and non-survived patients with thrombotic event.

Conclusions
aPLs increased transiently as an inflammatory-mediated condition. Individuals with aPLs triple positivity (positive LAC, aCL, and aB2GPI) had a considerable risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE).
A review of dust accumulation on PV panels in the MENA and the Far East regions
Authors: Shenouda R. , Abd-Elhady M. S. , Kandil H. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review regarding the published work related to the effect of dust on the performance of photovoltaic panels in the Middle East and North Africa region as well as the Far East region. The review thoroughly discusses the problem of dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic panels and the severity of the problem. Moreover, a survey of the most advanced cleaning techniques is presented, and their applicability is evaluated. There are plenty of techniques that have been used to remove the dust accumulated on the surface of PV panels, and these include manual and self-cleaning methods. However, it is concluded from the presented review that there is a strong need for developing new cleaning methods especially for the Middle East and North Africa region, which do not consume water and have low capital and operational costs with less human intervention, especially for hot, arid, and dusty regions.
Phase II Trial of Imatinib Plus Binimetinib in Patients With Treatment-Naive Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Chi Ping , Qin Li-Xuan , Nguyen Bastien , Kelly Ciara M. , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Dickson Mark A. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Keohan Mary L. , Movva Sujana , Nacev Benjamin A. , Rosenbaum Evan , Thornton Katherine A. , Crago Aimee M. , Yoon Sam , Ulaner Gary , Yeh Randy , Martindale Moriah , Phelan Haley T. , Biniakewitz Matthew D. , Warda Sarah , Lee Cindy J. , Berger Michael F. , Schultz Nikolaus D. , Singer Samuel , Hwang Sinchun , Chen Yu , Antonescu Cristina R. , Tap William D. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Dual targeting of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) lineage-specific master regulators, ETV1 and KIT, by MEK and KIT inhibitors were synergistic preclinically and may enhance clinical efficacy. This trial was designed to test the efficacy and safety of imatinib plus binimetinib in first-line treatment of GIST. METHODS In this trial ( NCT01991379 ), treatment-naive adult patients with confirmed advanced GISTs received imatinib (400 mg once daily) plus binimetinib (30 mg twice daily), 28-day cycles. The primary end point was RECIST1.1 best objective response rate (ORR; complete response plus partial response [PR]). The study was designed to detect a 20% improvement in the ORR over imatinib alone (unacceptable rate of 45%; acceptable rate of 65%), using an exact binomial test, one-sided type I error of 0.08 and type II error of 0.1, and a planned sample size of 44 patients. Confirmed PR or complete response in > 24 patients are considered positive. Secondary end points included Choi and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Response Rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pathologic responses, and toxicity. RESULTS Between September 15, 2014, and November 15, 2020, 29 of 42 evaluable patients with advanced GIST had confirmed RECIST1.1 PR. The best ORR was 69.0% (two-sided 95% CI, 52.9 to 82.4). Thirty-nine of 41 (95.1%) had Choi PR approximately 8 weeks. Median PFS was 29.9 months (95% CI, 24.2 to not estimable); median OS was not reached (95% CI, 50.4 to not estimable). Five of eight patients with locally advanced disease underwent surgery after treatment and achieved significant pathologic response (≥ 90% treatment effect). There were no unexpected toxicities. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity included asymptomatic creatinine phosphokinase elevation (79.1%), hypophosphatemia (14.0%), neutrophil decrease (9.3%), maculopapular rash (7.0%), and anemia (7.0%). CONCLUSION The study met the primary end point. The combination of imatinib and binimetinib is effective with manageable toxicity and warrants further evaluation in direct comparison with imatinib in frontline treatment of GIST.
The Contribution of Deleterious Rare Alleles in ENPP1 and Osteomalacia Causative Genes to Atypical Femoral Fracture
Authors: Furukawa Hiroshi , Oka Shomi , Kondo Naoki , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Shiota Naofumi , Kumagai Kenji , Ando Keiji , Takeshita Tsutao , Oda Takenori , Takahashi Yoshinori , Izawa Kazutaka , Iwasaki Yoichi , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Arino Hiroshi , Minamizaki Takeshi , Yoshikawa Norie , Takata Shinjiro , Yoshihara Yasuo , Tohma Shigeto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are very rare atraumatic or mild trauma fractures in the subtrochanteric region or femoral shaft. Some unique genetic variants in Asian populations might confer susceptibility to AFF, since the incidence of AFFs is higher in Asian populations.

Objective
Because rare variants have been found to be causative in some diseases and the roles of osteomalacia causative genes have not been reported, we investigated rare variants in genes causing abnormal mineralization.

Methods
Exome sequencing was performed to detect variants in gene coding and boundary regions, and the frequencies of deleterious rare alleles were compared between Japanese patients with AFF (n = 42) and controls of the 4.7KJPN panel of Tohoku Medical Megabank by whole genome sequencing (n = 4773).

Results
The frequency of the deleterious rare allele of ENPP1 was significantly increased in AFF (P = .0012, corrected P [Pc] = .0155, OR 4.73, 95% CI 2.15-10.40). In multigene panel analysis, the frequencies of deleterious rare alleles of candidate genes were increased in AFF (P = .0025, OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.49-4.93). Principal component analysis of bone metabolism markers identified a subgroup of patients with AFF with higher frequencies of deleterious rare alleles in ENPP1 (P = 4.69 × 10–5, Pc = .0006, OR 8.47, 95% CI 3.76-19.09) and the candidate genes (P = 1.08 × 10–5, OR 5.21, 95% CI 2.76-9.86).

Conclusion
AFF is associated with genes including ENPP1 that cause abnormal mineralization, suggesting that osteomalacia is an underlying condition predisposing to AFF and that higher incident rates of AFFs in Asian populations might be explained by the genetic risk factors including ENPP1.
Relation of Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, and Estradiol With Changes in Outcomes Measures in the Testosterone Trials
Authors: Stephens-Shields Alisa J , Snyder Peter J , Ellenberg Susan S , Taylor Lynne , Bhasin Shalender 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContextMany effects of testosterone are mediated through dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol.ObjectiveTo determine the relative contributions of each hormone to the observed effects of testosterone treatment in older men with hypogonadism.MethodsUsing data from the Testosterone Trials, we assessed the association of changes in total testosterone, estradiol, and DHT levels over 12 months of testosterone treatment with hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of lumbar spine, sexual desire, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We used random forests to model the associations of predicted mean changes in outcomes with change in each hormone at low, mean, or high change in the other 2 hormones. Stepwise regression models were run to confirm the findings of random forests.ResultPredicted increases in hemoglobin and sexual desire were greater with larger increases in estradiol and were larger with high change in DHT compared with low change in DHT. Greater increases in estradiol were associated with larger decreases in HDL cholesterol; this association did not vary according to changes in DHT or testosterone. Change in vBMD was most robustly associated with change in estradiol and was greater with high change in testosterone and DHT. There was no consistent relation between change in PSA and change in any hormone.ConclusionChange in estradiol level was the best predictor not only of the change in vBMD and sexual desire but also of the changes in hemoglobin and HDL cholesterol. Consideration of testosterone, estradiol, and DHT together offers a superior prediction of treatment response in older hypogonadal men than testosterone alone.