bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Wear Resistance of Ultralow-wear Polyethylene With Different Molecular Weights Under Different Contact Pressure
Authors: CUI Wen , Yang Shu , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhang Yali , Shao Yilun , Li Xinle , Bian Yanyan , Weng Xisheng , Xin Shixuan , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ultralow-wear polyethylene (ULWPE), a type of polyethylene homocomposite with excellent wear resistance, has recently been reported, however its underlying wear mechanism has yet to be clarified. In the current study, three different molecular weights of ULWPE from 205 to 748 Kg/mol, were experimentally evaluated on a multidirectional motion pin-on-disk (POD) wear tester under a contact pressure from 2 to 4 MPa, compared with conventional UHMWPE. The high wear resistance mechanism of ULWPE was investigated with respect to mechanical, microstructural, and surface properties. Compared with UHMWPE, ULWPE had excellent wear resistance. Structure and mechanical characterization showed that the crystallinity and lamellar thickness of ULWPE were significantly higher than those of UHMWPE, which endowed ULWPE with high hardness and strength. Despite its considerably smaller molecular weight than that of UHMWPE, ULWPE still had high interphase content, leading to its superior toughness. The crystallinity, lamellar thickness, Young’s modulus, yield stress, and elongation at break of ULWPE exhibited a downward trend with the increase of molecular weight. Conversely, the interphase content of ULWPE increased with the molecular weight increase. Among all the ULWPE samples, ULWPE with a molecular weight 748 Kg·mol-1 had the least wear, as a result of combined both excellent strength and adequate toughness. With an increase in contact pressure, the wear losses of different polymers tended to increase. The wear losses of the least wear ULWPE were 4.71±0.04 mm3/Million Cycles (Mc), 5.11±0.37 mm3/Mc, and 5.77±0.62 mm3/Mc under 2, 3, and 4 MPa. Comprehensive strength and toughness reduced abrasive wear and adhesion wear, endowing ULWPE with excellent wear resistance.
Polymeric Coacervate Coating for Flame Retardant Paper
Authors: Palen Bethany , Rabaey Matthew G , Rodriguez-Melendez Danixa , Iverson Ethan T , Grunlan Jaime 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cellulosic paper (from wood fibers) is a highly flammable material that is used in corrugated carboard, packaging, printing, and construction. While there is significant work focused on depositing a flame retardant coating onto the individual wood pulp fibers, there are very few studies that apply flame retardant coatings to already-cast paper. In an effort to improve the flame retardant properties of paper, a polymer-dense coacervate composed of polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(sodium phosphate) (PSP) was deposited in a single step and subsequently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. In a vertical flame test, the crosslinked PEI/PSP coacervate-coated paper achieves self-extinguishing behavior, and an average char length of 3.4 in, with only a 35% weight gain. Additionally, the crosslinked coating retains its flame retardant properties after water immersion and conditioning tests. This coacervate system is the first polymeric coating to be successfully deposited onto commercially available cellulosic paper for the purpose of flame retardancy.
Sepiolite as an effective supplement for low protein diets with the constant energyprotein ratio in broilers
Authors: yalçın sakine , Gebeş Emre Sunay , Ramay Muhammad Shazaib , Güntürkün Oğuz Berk , Yalçın Suzan , Ahlat Ozan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the influence of sepiolite on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal health, some blood parameters, and digestibility of nutrients in broilers fed low protein diets with the constant energy-protein ratio. A total of 252, daily male broiler chicks were allocated to four treatment groups further divided into 9 replicates each containing 7 chicks. Low protein diets having a constant energy-protein ratio were formulated by lowering protein and energy levels of the control group diet by 5%. Sepiolite was used at the level of 1% in the diets. After 42 days trial total feed consumption, total body weight gain, total feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield were not influenced by reducing protein, sepiolite supplementation, and interaction between low protein-low energy diet and sepiolite. Reducing protein in the diets led to reducing the digestibility of nutrients, increasing ileal viscosity, decreasing villus height, villus surface area in duodenum and jejunum, and increasing abdominal fat, ether extract, cooking losses, total oxidant status, and oxidative status index in breast meat. Sepiolite supplementation to low protein diets increased crude protein digestibility, reduced viscosity, increased villus height/crypt depth values, reduced cooking losses, and increased water holding capacity. Blood serum biochemical parameters and minerals were not affected by sepiolite supplementation to low protein diets. Therefore, it is concluded that sepiolite can be added as a beneficial supplement in broiler diets as well as in low protein diets with a constant energy-protein ratio.
Molecular and connectomic vulnerability shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities
Authors: Hansen Justine , Shafiei Golia , Vogel Jacob , Smart Kelly , Bearden Carrie , Hoogman Martine , Franke Barbara , Rooij Daan van , Buitelaar Jan , McDonald Carrie , Sisodiya Sanjay , Schmaal Lianne , Veltman Dick , Heuvel Odile van den , Stein Dan , Erp Theo van , Ching Christopher , Andreassen Ole , Hajek Tomas , Opel Nils , Modinos Gemma , Aleman André , Werf Ysbrand van der , Jahanshad Neda , Thomopoulos Sophia , Thompson Paul , Carson Richard , Dagher Alain , Misic Bratislav 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Numerous brain disorders demonstrate structural brain abnormalities, which are thought to arise from molecular perturbations or connectome miswiring. The unique and shared contributions of these molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities to brain disorders remain unknown, and has yet to be studied in a single multi-disorder framework. Using MRI morphometry from the ENIGMA consortium, we construct maps of cortical abnormalities for thirteen neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders from N=21,000 patients and N=26,000 controls, collected using a harmonized processing protocol. We systematically compare cortical maps to multiple micro-architectural measures, including gene expression, neurotransmitter density, metabolism, and myelination (molecular vulnerability), as well as global connectomic measures including number of connections, centrality, and connection diversity (connectomic vulnerability). We find that regional molecular vulnerability and macroscale brain network architecture interact to drive the spatial patterning of cortical abnormalities in multiple disorders. Local attributes, particularly neurotransmitter receptor profiles, constitute the best predictors of both disorder-specific cortical morphology and cross-disorder similarity. Finally, we find that cross-disorder abnormalities are consistently subtended by a small subset of network epicentres in bilateral sensory-motor, medial temporal lobe, precuneus, and superior parietal cortex. Collectively, our results highlight how local biological attributes and global connectivity jointly shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities.
Optimization of BPN Parameters Using PSO for Intrusion Detection in Cloud Environment
Authors: J Sajith P , Nagarajan G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The usage of internet is getting increased in all aspect, like from building various models that are fully connect with internet to the usage of digital media for 24/7. As this is rising in a way, on the other side the concern about “data security” is raising and everybody’s information needs to be protected from any other attacks or can say there shouldn’t be no data leakage. So, for detecting these attacks, intrusion detection system is placed. But placing this traditional Intrusion Detection System (IDS) will increase the concerns of security even more, so to amp the process integration of latest technology such deep learning comes in action. Thereby this paper proposes an IDS using Back-propagation Network (BPN) where intrusions are identified based on the system calls that we collected in the dataset KDD cup 99. Also, to increase the optimization of neural network, we used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) thereby increase the accurate detection of the system saying if that is normal or abnormal in behavior. We evaluate our proposed model with other methods like ANFIS, F-GNP, FCM in which the proposed model gives 96.5% accurate detection.
The Association between Popliteal Artery Variation and Atherosclerosis Risks and its Benefits in Preoperative CTA for Surgical Planning in Fibular Free Flap Harvest
Authors: Patharateeranart Karnkawin , Kongkunnavat Natthapong , Sinmaroeng Chanya , Yodrabum Nutcha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Popliteal artery has several branching variations, understanding its vasculature is substantial for fibular free flap (FFF) harvest. The atherosclerosis affects popliteal vasculature and leads to some acquired variants, which preclude FFF harvest. This study determined the variation of popliteal artery by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and association between atherosclerosis risks and stenosis of the popliteal vasculature to determine the benefit of preoperative CTA for surgical planning in FFF harvest.Materials and methods: The data and CTA images of legs from 443 patients, who underwent CTA of legs between January 2016 and December 2020, were retrieved and retrospectively reviewed. Popliteal artery branching patterns were classified according to the systems proposed by Kim, et al. and Abou-Foul and Borumandi. Then, we analyzed the correlation between atherosclerosis risks and degree of vessel stenosis. Results: The most common patterns were type I-A (90.5%), III-A (4.3%), and III-B (1.8%), and the prevalence of acquired variant was 4.3%. The mean diameter of anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and peroneal artery was 4.1±1.1 mm, 3.5±1.0 mm, and 3.7±1.0 mm, respectively. Popliteal artery branches were susceptible to different risk factors. Stenosis of the anterior tibial artery was influenced by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM); stenosis of the posterior tibial artery was influenced by PAD, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and DM; and, stenosis of peroneal artery was influenced by CKD and coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Although CTA is not a routine preoperative investigation in this setting, the results of this study suggest its benefit in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis to determine the suitable limb for FFF harvest with consideration of cost-effectiveness and prevalence of variations in population.
Physiological and Performance Parameters of Changthangi Sheep in Response to Cold and Nutritional Stress
Authors: Malik Asma Altaf , Khan Hilal Musadiq , Shah Anees Ahmad , Sheikh Gowher Gull , Pampori Zahoor Ahmad , Ayman Niha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Physiological and performance parameters of 33 pregnant Changthangi sheep divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3) of 11each on the basis of body weight, age and parity was undertaken during winter months. Ewes of G1 and G2 were kept inside the closed shed all the time whereas the ewes of G3 were kept in an open area which was chain-link fenced from four sides and was provided with a roof shelter to protect from direct rain or snow. G1 and G3 were fed 400g concentrate and 600g fodder per head per day as per ICAR feeding standard. Ewes of G2 were given concentrate @ 500g and fodder @ 1000g per head per day. Environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity) were recorded on a daily basis in animal houses and wind chill index was calculated using these parameters. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate) were recorded weekly in the morning. Fortnightly weight of ewes and monthly weight of lambs was recorded upto weaning. Extreme Wind Chill Index was observed throughout the study period in open house. Pulse rate of supplemented ewes with closed housing was significantly (p<0.05) higher than G1 and G3 ewes while respiration rate and rectal temperature were significantly (p<0.05) higher in group reared in open house. Significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight of ewes, birth weight and weaning weight of lambs was obtained in the supplemented group G2 than G1 and G3 ewes. Economic appraisal revealed a net gain of Rs. 3672.15 in the group reared in a closed shed and supplemented with extra feed and a loss of Rs. 593 in the group reared in open housing system than ewes reared in a closed shed without supplementation.
High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis as a Tool for Detection of SEC23B Gene Mutation Causing Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II in Indian population
Authors: SAPTARSHI ARATI NANDAN , DONGERDIYE RASHMI K. , MORE TEJASHREE A. , Kedar Prabhakar S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a very rare and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. CDA II is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene. The most common mutation reported in India is c.1385A>G, p.Y462C. There is no simple and cost-effective confirmatory diagnostic test available for CDA, and therefore, many patients remain undiagnosed. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based technique applied to identify genetic differences and scan nucleic acid sequences. HRM can be used to rapidly screen the common mutation causing CDA II in the Indian population. Objective: To study the use of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis to detect common mutation causing CDA II in the Indian population.Method:10 Indian families havingSEC23B (Y462C) mutation causing CDA II are considered for this study. HRM was used to check the presence of Y462C mutation. To verify the reliability of the HRM analysis, we compared results with the results of Sanger sequencing. This helped us to confirm the diagnosis.Results: We have described clinical, hematological, and genetic data of ten patients suffering from CDAII. According to HRM and Sanger sequencing, a homozygous SEC23B (Y462C) mutation was present in all patients, whereas a heterozygous Y462C mutation was present in their parents. Conclusion: Our data showed that High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis could be used to rapidly screen common SEC23B mutations that cause CDA II in the Indian population.HRM technique leads to an accurate diagnosis of CDA II patients and does not need further diagnostic workup.
Spirometry Profiles Among Pregnant And Non-Pregnant African Women
Authors: Ruhighira Jacktan Josephat , Mashili Fredrick , Tungu Alexander Mtemi , Mamuya Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Lung function tests are done to assess the working and possible mechanical deterioration of lungs, respiratory muscles, and chest wall. Spirometry is a commonly used test. Pregnancy derives an altered physiological state due to accompanied hormonal and anatomical changes that affect the respiratory system. Despite that, spirometry is rarely done in pregnancy, and if done test results are compared against non-pregnancy references.Objective: This study aimed at determining spirometry profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant women and describing their differences.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja antenatal clinic where pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were randomly recruited. Also, non-pregnant women were recruited from MUHAS as controls. Lung function was assessed using a digital spirometer (EasyOne®) while adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and infection prevention protocols. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The means of spirometry parameters of pregnant women were compared to parameters of non-pregnant women using an independent sample t-test. The level of significance was set to < 0.05 p-value.Results: A total of 92 pregnant and 98 non-pregnant women were subjected to spirometry. Mean FVC (p <0.01), FEV1 (p <0.01), and PEF (p <0.01) of pregnant women were significantly lower than non-pregnant women.Conclusion: Spirometry test values obtained from pregnant women were lower than those obtained from non-pregnant controls.Recommendations: Spirometry test values of pregnant women should be carefully interpreted against non-pregnancy references otherwise can cause underestimation of their values, and hence over-hospitalization. There is also a need to evaluate the accuracy of non-pregnancy spirometry reference equations for predicting test values among pregnant women.
Approaches to define canine distemper virus with neurological symptoms on the basis of molecular characterization of hemagglutinin and fusion genes
Authors: SALTIK Hasbi Sait , ATLI Kamil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), which causes severe infections in all domestic and wild carnivores, is transmitted by all secretions and excretions of infected animals. Despite the regular vaccination against it, CDV still manages to circulate in nature and is a worldwide problem in dogs. For many years in the world, the virus managed to circulate in nature. The current investigation aims to identify and characterize CDV in dogs with neurological symptoms and to determine whether CNS symptoms and phylogenetic data might be used to differentiate between CDV strains. The medical records of 35 dogs with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms were examined. An ELISA kit was used to identify CDV-specific IgG antibodies in all of the dogs' serum samples. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of CDV nucleic acid in 30 of these dogs. Of the RT-PCR-positive samples, 6 were randomly chosen for further sequencing, sequence comparisons, and phylogenetic reconstructions. Genes encoding the Hemagglutinin (H) and Fusion (F) proteins were partly sequenced and compared to other CDVs from throughout the world, including vaccine strains. The maximum likelihood method was used to build a phylogenetic tree using CDV H and F gene nucleotide sequences. According to phylogenetic analysis of partial H and F gene nucleotide sequences, the field CDVs in this investigation were unique and different from the vaccination strain. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Turkish CDV strains that induced CNS symptoms belonged to the European CDV clade. While the intricacy of the CNS and the complexities of glycosylation pathways may provide significant challenges to infections, future research will bring significant benefits by identifying evolutionarily conserved activities of N-glycosylation in CDV-infected dogs.
Surface bio-interactions stand at the base of the short-term nano CuO-induced cell oxidative stress: insights for a safe(r)-by-design approach
Authors: Moschini Elisa , Colombo Graziano , Chirico Giuseppe , Capitani Giancarlo , Dalle-Donne Isabella , Mantecca Paride 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:It is well known that copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are heavily toxic on in vitro systems. In human alveolar epithelial cells, the mechanism of toxicity is mostly related to oxidative insults, coming from intracellularly dissolved copper ions, finally leading to apoptotic or autophagic cell death.Our hypothesis is based on possible early oxidative events coming from specific NP surface reactivity able to undermine the cell integrity and to drive cell to death, independently from lysosomal-enhanced Trojan horse mechanism. Two types of CuO NPs, with different oxidative potential, were selected and tested on A549 cells for 1h and 3h at 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL. Cells were then analyzed for viability and oxidative change of the proteome. Oxidative by-products were localized by immunocytochemistry and cell-NP interactions characterized by confocal and electron microscopy techniques.Results:CuO NPs induced oxidative changes soon after 1 h exposure as revealed by the increase in protein carbonylation and reduced-protein-thiol oxidation. In parallel, cell viability significantly decreased, as shown by MTT assay. Such effects were higher for CuO NPs with more crystalline defects and with higher ROS production than for fully crystalline NPs. At these exposure times, although NPs efficiently interacted with cell surface and were taken up by small endocytic vesicles, no ion dissolution is visible inside endo-lysosomal compartment and no effects were produced by extracellularly dissolved copper ions.Conclusions:A specific NP surface-dependent oxidative cell injury was demonstrated. More detailed studies are required to understand which targets precociously react to CuO NPs, but these results introduce new paradigms for the toxicity of the metal-based NPs, beyond the Trojan horse-related mechanism, and opens-up new opportunities to investigate the interactions and effects at the bio-interface for designing safer as well as more effective CuO-based biocides.
Soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in Southern European regions vulnerable to desertification
Authors: Valentina Catania , Bueno Rafael Silveira , Rosa Alduina , Grilli Eleonora , Mantia Tommaso La , Castaldi Simona , Quatrini Paola 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soil functionality is strongly dependent on the soil microbiota, which in turn is affected by soil quality and climate. Among global change factors, desertification is the most threatening ecosystem change affecting southern Europe, but the effects on the soil microbiota are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in regions of southern European countries (Spain, Portugal and Italy), most under desertification risk, and related to key soil chemical-physical indicators and land use. Soil microbial biomass was positively related, to soil organic carbon (SOC) but bacterial diversity was negatively correlated with it. pH was the most influencing factor affecting soil alpha-diversity, while SOC, pH and cation exchange capacity drive the biogeographic patterns of bacterial communities. 16S metagenomics allowed the identification of a core microbiota of the analyzed semi-arid soils, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. We identified, at regional scale, a few rare multi-extremophilic endemic genera, which could reveal functional strategies to be exploited for arid land restoration. This work creates the baseline for the necessary monitoring of soils facing climate change and for the evaluation of the efficacy of adaptation measures in semi-arid European soils.