bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Blue Noise Lighting
Authors: Li Tianyu , Wang Wenyou , Lin Daqi , Yuksel Cem 
Published: July 2022

We introduce virtual blue noise lighting, a rendering pipeline for estimating indirect illumination with a blue noise distribution of virtual lights. Our pipeline is designed for virtual lights with non-uniform emission profiles that are more expensive to store, but required for properly and efficiently handling specular transport.
Unlike the typical virtual light placement approaches that traverse light paths from the original light sources, we generate them starting from the camera. This avoids two important problems: wasted memory and computation with fully-occluded virtual lights, and excessive virtual light density around high-probability light paths. In addition, we introduce a parallel and adaptive sample elimination strategy to achieve a blue noise distribution of virtual lights with varying density. This addresses the third problem of virtual light placement by ensuring that they are not placed too close to each other, providing better coverage of the (indirectly) visible surfaces and further improving the quality of the final lighting estimation.
For computing the virtual light emission profiles, we present a photon splitting technique that allows efficiently using a large number of photons, as it does not require storing them. During lighting estimation, our method allows using both global power-based and local BSDF important sampling techniques, combined via multiple importance sampling. In addition, we present an adaptive path extension method that avoids sampling nearby virtual lights for reducing the estimation error.
We show that our method significantly outperforms path tracing and prior work in virtual lights in terms of both performance and image quality, producing a fast but biased estimate of global illumination.
Remote Electronic Voting in Uncontrolled Environments: A Classifying Survey
Authors: Heinl Michael P. , Gölz Simon , Bösch Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Remote electronic voting, often called online or Internet voting, has been subject to research for the last four decades. It is regularly discussed in public debates, especially in the context of enabling voters to conveniently cast their ballot from home using their personal devices. Since these devices are not under the control of the electoral authority and could be potentially compromised, this setting is referred to as an “uncontrolled environment” for which special security assumptions have to be considered.
This paper employs general election principles to derive cryptographic, technical, and organizational requirements for remote electronic voting. Based on these requirements, we have extended an existing methodology to assess online voting schemes and develop a corresponding reference attacker model to support the preparation of tailored protection profiles for different levels of elections. After presenting a broad survey of different voting schemes, we use this methodology to assess and classify those schemes comparatively by leveraging four election-specific attacker models.
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Bao Xianguo , Lu Haitao , Gao Zengxin , Wu Zhanpo , Chen Youmin , Chen Yingjun , Cheng Qinghua 
Published: July 2022

Objective. The safety and effectiveness of topical tranexamic acid in spinal surgery has not yet been reached, and further research is needed to confirm it. This study is aimed at detecting the effectiveness and safety on the tranexamic acid in spinal surgery. Methods. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and other databases were searched. The search time was from 2016 to 2019. All randomized controlled trials comparing the topical tranexamic acid group and the control group were collected. The experimental group used topical application. Tranexamic acid was used to treat bleeding after spinal surgery. The control group was no tranexamic acid or isotonic saline. The total bleeding, blood transfusion rate, and the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis were compared between the two groups. Rev Man 5.2.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results. A total of 8 randomized controlled trials were included, including 884 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the total bleeding volume of the tranexamic acid group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant weighted mean difference (

WMD

=
–
360.27

mL

, 95% confidence interval (CI) (–412.68, –307.87) mL,

P
<
0.00001

). The blood transfusion rate in the tranexamic acid group was lower than that in the control group (odds ratio

OR

=
0.22

, 95% CI (0.14, 0.33),

P
<
0.00001

). There was no significant difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis between the two groups:

OR
=
1.48

, 95% CI (0.41, 5.34),

P
=
0.55

. Conclusion. Tranexamic acid can significantly reduce perioperative total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, and blood transfusion rate during spinal surgery but has no significant effect on blood transfusion and thrombosis.
Peritumor Edema Serves as an Independent Predictive Factor of Recurrence Patterns and Recurrence-Free Survival for High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Chen Jie , Qiu Hui , Chen Rui , Huang Jiani , Chen Liang , Wan Juncheng , Chen Qi , Zhang Longzhen 
Published: July 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at analyzing the factors affecting the recurrence patterns and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of high-grade gliomas (HGG). Methods. Eligible patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected. Subsequently, the effects of some clinical data including age, gender, WHO pathological grades, tumor site, tumor size, clinical treatments, and peritumoral edema (PTE) area and molecular markers (Ki-67, MGMT, IDH-1, and p53) on HGG patients’ recurrence patterns and RFS were analyzed. Results. A total number of 77 patients were enrolled into this study. After analyzing all the cases, it was determined that tumor size and tumor site had a significant influence on the recurrent patterns of HGG, and PTE was an independent predict factor of recurrence patterns. Specifically, when the PTE was mild (<1 cm), the recurrence pattern tended to be local; in contrast, HGG was more likely to progress to marginal recurrence and distant recurrence. Furthermore, age and PTE were significantly associated with RFS; the median RFS of the population with

PTE
<
1

cm

(23.60 months) was obviously longer than the population with

PTE
≥
1

cm

(5.00 months). Conclusions. PTE is an independent predictor of recurrence patterns and RFS for HGG. Therefore, preoperative identification of PTE in HGG patients is crucially important, which is helpful to accurately estimate the recurrence pattern and RFS.
AXL and Error-Prone DNA Replication Confer Drug Resistance and Offer Strategies to Treat EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Noronha Ashish , Belugali Nataraj Nishanth , Lee Joo Sang , Zhitomirsky Benny , Oren Yaara , Oster Sara , Lindzen Moshit , Mukherjee Saptaparna , Will Rainer , Ghosh Soma , Simoni-Nieves Arturo , Verma Aakanksha , Chatterjee Rishita , Borgoni Simone , Robinson Welles , Sinha Sanju , Brandis Alexander , Kerr D. Lucas , Wu Wei , Sekar Arunachalam , Giri Suvendu , Chung Youngmin , Drago-Garcia Diana , Danysh Brian P. , Lauriola Mattia , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Ardizzoni Andrea , Oren Moshe , Blakely Collin M. , Ezike Jideofor , Wiemann Stefan , Parida Laxmi , Bivona Trever G. , Aqeilan Rami I. , Brugge Joan S. , Regev Aviv , Getz Gad , Ruppin Eytan , Yarden Yosef 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Anticancer therapies have been limited by the emergence of mutations and other adaptations. In bacteria, antibiotics activate the SOS response, which mobilizes error-prone factors that allow for continuous replication at the cost of mutagenesis. We investigated whether the treatment of lung cancer with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) similarly engages hypermutators. In cycling drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and in EGFRi-treated patients presenting residual disease, we observed upregulation of GAS6, whereas ablation of GAS6's receptor, AXL, eradicated resistance. Reciprocally, AXL overexpression enhanced DTP survival and accelerated the emergence of T790M, an EGFR mutation typical to resistant cells. Mechanistically, AXL induces low-fidelity DNA polymerases and activates their organizer, RAD18, by promoting neddylation. Metabolomics uncovered another hypermutator, AXL-driven activation of MYC, and increased purine synthesis that is unbalanced by pyrimidines. Aligning anti-AXL combination treatments with the transition from DTPs to resistant cells cured patient-derived xenografts. Hence, similar to bacteria, tumors tolerate therapy by engaging pharmacologically targetable endogenous mutators.

Significance:
EGFR-mutant lung cancers treated with kinase inhibitors often evolve resistance due to secondary mutations. We report that in similarity to the bacterial SOS response stimulated by antibiotics, endogenous mutators are activated in drug-treated cells, and this heralds tolerance. Blocking the process prevented resistance in xenograft models, which offers new treatment strategies.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Immuno-PET Monitoring of Lymphocytes Using the CD8-Specific Antibody REGN5054
Authors: Tavaré Richard , Danton Makenzie , Giurleo Jason T. , Makonnen Sosina , Hickey Carlos , Arnold Tomas C. , Kelly Marcus P. , Fredriksson Fanny , Bruestle Karina , Hermann Aynur , Ullman Erica , Edelmann Kurt H. , Potocky Terra , Dudgeon Drew , Bhatt Nikunj B. , Doubrovin Mikhail , Barry Thomas , Kyratsous Christos A. , Gurer Cagan , Tu Naxin , Gartner Hans , Murphy Andrew , Macdonald Lynn E. , Popke Jon , Mintz Akiva , Griesemer Adam , Olson William C. , Thurston Gavin , Ma Dangshe , Kirshner Jessica R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Assessment of immune-cell subsets within the tumor immune microenvironment is a powerful approach to better understand cancer immunotherapy responses. However, the use of biopsies to assess the tumor immune microenvironment poses challenges, including the potential for sampling error, restricted sampling over time, and inaccessibility of some tissues/organs, as well as the fact that single biopsy analyses do not reflect discordance across multiple intrapatient tumor lesions. Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) presents a promising translational imaging approach to address the limitations and assess changes in the tumor microenvironment. We have developed 89Zr-DFO-REGN5054, a fully human CD8A-specific antibody conjugate, to assess CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) pre- and posttherapy. We used multiple assays, including in vitro T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production, and in vivo viral clearance and CD8 receptor occupancy, to demonstrate that REGN5054 has minimal impact on T-cell activity. Preclinical immuno-PET studies demonstrated that 89Zr-DFO-REGN5054 specifically detected CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues of CD8-genetically humanized immunocompetent mice (VelociT mice) and discerned therapy-induced changes in CD8+ TILs in two models of response to a CD20xCD3 T-cell activating bispecific antibody (REGN1979, odronextamab). Toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed no overt toxicity, and immuno-PET imaging in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated dose-dependent clearance and specific targeting to lymphoid tissues. This work supports the clinical investigation of 89Zr-DFO-REGN5054 to monitor T-cell responses in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy.
Immune Potential Untapped: Leveraging the Lymphatic System for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lund Amanda W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the role of the lymphatic vasculature in tumor progression has evolved from it being a passive participant, as a first step along Halsted's path of sequential metastasis, to a potentially active regulator of antitumor immune surveillance. These new data, however, seemingly support paradoxical predictions for cancer immunotherapy; on one hand that enhanced lymphatic involvement augments antitumor immune surveillance and on the other, drives immune evasion and metastasis. The potential to leverage lymphatic biology for the benefit of clinical immunotherapy, therefore, requires a mechanistic understanding of how the lymphatic vasculature interacts with functional immune responses during disease progression and in the context of relevant immunotherapy regimes. In this review, I dissect the promise and challenge of engaging the lymphatic system for therapy and suggest important avenues for future investigation and potential application.
See related article, p. 1041
Endothelial Loss of ETS1 Impairs Coronary Vascular Development and Leads to Ventricular Non-Compaction
Authors: Wang Lu , Lin Lizhu , Qi Hui , Chen Ju , Grossfeld Paul 
Published: July 2022

Rationale:
Jacobsen syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by deletions in the long arm of human chromosome 11, resulting in multiple developmental defects including congenital heart defects. Combined studies in humans and genetically engineered mice implicate that loss of ETS1 (E26 transformation specific 1) is the cause of congenital heart defects in Jacobsen syndrome, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are unknown.

Objective:
To determine the role of ETS1 in heart development, specifically its roles in coronary endothelium and endocardium and the mechanisms by which loss of ETS1 causes coronary vascular defects and ventricular noncompaction.

Methods and Results:
ETS1 global and endothelial-specific knockout mice were used. Phenotypic assessments, RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were performed together with expression analysis, immunofluorescence and RNAscope in situ hybridization to uncover phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in response to loss of ETS1. Loss of ETS1 in endothelial cells causes ventricular noncompaction, reproducing the phenotype arising from global deletion of ETS1. Endothelial-specific deletion of ETS1 decreased the levels of Alk1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), Cldn5 (claudin 5), Sox18 (SRY-box transcription factor 18), Robo4 (roundabout guidance receptor 4), Esm1 (endothelial cell specific molecule 1) and Kdr (kinase insert domain receptor), 6 important angiogenesis-relevant genes in endothelial cells, causing a coronary vasculature developmental defect in association with decreased compact zone cardiomyocyte proliferation. Downregulation of ALK1 expression in endocardium due to the loss of ETS1, along with the upregulation of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 and TGF-β3, occurred with increased TGFBR2/TGFBR1/SMAD2 signaling and increased extracellular matrix expression in the trabecular layer, in association with increased trabecular cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate the importance of endothelial and endocardial ETS1 in cardiac development. Delineation of the gene regulatory network involving ETS1 in heart development will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ventricular and coronary vascular developmental defects and will lead to improved approaches for the treatment of patients with congenital heart disease.
Scalability of Large Neural Network Simulations via Activity Tracking With Time Asynchrony and Procedural Connectivity
Authors: Mascart Cyrille , Scarella Gilles , Reynaud-Bouret Patricia , Muzy Alexandre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a new algorithm to efficiently simulate random models of large neural networks satisfying the property of time asynchrony. The model parameters (average firing rate, number of neurons, synaptic connection probability, and postsynaptic duration) are of the order of magnitude of a small mammalian brain or of human brain areas. Through the use of activity tracking and procedural connectivity (dynamical regeneration of synapses), computational and memory complexities of this algorithm are proved to be theoretically linear with the number of neurons. These results are experimentally validated by sequential simulations of millions of neurons and billions of synapses running in a few minutes using a single thread of an equivalent desktop computer.
Merit Is Not Meritorious Everywhere: Fairness in First and Third Party Tasks among Kogi Children
Authors: Angarita Rafael G. , Viciana Hugo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Experimental research has studied the emergence of fairness criteria such as merit and equality at increasingly younger ages. How much does the recognition and practice of these principles depend on the influence of central aspects of Western educated and industrialized societies? In an attempt to answer these questions, this article provides evidence regarding the choices of children in the Kogi indigenous community of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a traditional society living in the mountains of Northern Colombia that practices swidden agriculture, cattle-raising, and enjoys a special cultural status granted by the Colombian Constitution. Two groups of 6–7 and 10–11 year olds (N = 104) were tested on a modified dictator game and several scenarios from a resource distribution task including different fairness criteria. Our results point to the lack of focality of the idea of merit among Kogi children at these ages when deciding on third-party allocation tasks, even when the design prevented equal distribution.
Reconceptualizing the Global Transformation of Islam in the Colonial Period: Early Islamic Reform in British-Ruled India and Egypt
Authors: Nakissa Aria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, European empires extended their rule over most of the Muslim world. The present article argues that these empires promoted three interrelated political discourses; namely, a discourse on utilitarianism, a discourse on civilizational progress, and a discourse on liberal imperialism. The empires also encouraged Islamic reform movements, which entailed cooperation between Muslim thinkers, European officials, liberal intellectuals, and Orientalists. Reform movements legitimated the three aforementioned discourses in terms of premodern Islamic religious concepts (e.g. ʿaql, maṣlaḥa, maqāṣid al-šarīʿa, iǧtihād, taqlīd). These concepts were reinterpreted and tacitly linked to imperial policies concerning race, technology, industrial capitalism, and authoritarian violence. The article examines this process by considering the British Empire, and its relationship to Islamic reform projects in India and Egypt. The article discusses nineteenth century British political discourses as developed in the writings of Jeremy Bentham, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, and Herbert Spencer. The article then discusses Islamic reform in India, focusing on the Muslim thinkers Sayyid Aḥmad Ḫān and Amīr ʿAlī, as well as their relationships with British figures like William Muir and John Strachey. Next the article discusses Islamic reform in Egypt, focusing on the Muslim thinkers Muḥammad ʿAbduh and Rašīd Riḍā as well as their relationships with British figures like Lord Cromer and Wilfrid Scawen Blunt.
The Living Sense of Scripture
Authors: Jones Douglas FitzHenry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Everard appears frequently in studies of English antinomianism. His sermons, printed posthumously in 1653, reveal a startling array of influences, from Maimonides to Nicholas of Cusa, and a propensity for extravagant glosses on scripture. Notably, Everard saw the gospel as an allegory for the spiritual regeneration of the reader. The literal or ‘living’ sense of scripture played out in the annihilation and resurrection of the individual conscience-as-script. Starting with those few divines who chose to celebrate rather than disparage him, this article considers Everard’s work as a particularly colorful, but not altogether unrepresentative, sample in the thorny history of sixteenth and seventeenth century Protestant hermeneutics. Specially, Everard’s work constitutes a unique merger of an older spiritual tradition with Protestant discourse on the literal sense which not only addressed long-standing issues in Puritan thought but had a real claim to the mainstream in Cromwell’s England.
Neoponera Emery, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) revisited: 1. The N. laevigata species-group
Authors: Troya Adrian , Lattke John 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Neotropical Neoponera laevigata species-group is revised. This group can be separated from others in the genus by means of a new key to Neoponera species–groups. We propose two new species, N. gojira sp. nov., and N. mashpi sp. nov., the latter being usually confused with its putative sister species, N. laevigata (Smith). This small, termite-feeding species-group now contains five taxa. We provide comprehensive redescriptions for the known castes of the three previously known species, together with images and notes about intraspecific morphological variation, biology, and distribution of the taxa here treated. We reveal the external morphological features of the genitalia of the known males. This is the first contribution en route to a better understanding of the systematics of this charismatic ponerine genus.
What Does the Future Hold for the Public Display of Cetaceans?
Authors: Clegg Isabella L.K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to continue its business sustainably, any industry that uses animals must largely align their ethical position with that of the general public: ‘the mainstream social ethic’. Although zoos are transitioning from entertainment venues to conservation actors, many cetacean (whale and dolphin) facilities present the animals in unnatural-looking enclosures and entertainment-driven contexts. But what is the ‘mainstream social ethic’ regarding cetacean facilities, and what might it mean for the industry’s future? The evidence is first reviewed on cetacean welfare and the purported purposes for displaying cetaceans in the past and present. The mainstream social ethic is then defined, suggesting we may be at a crossroads for this industry. Welfare has improved in the last decades but could be further enhanced through providing more choice and control in cetaceans’ environments, particularly in enrichment, training and social groupings. Sanctuary settings provide a potential environment with more choice and control, but are still in the very initial stages of development. Fundamental, structural changes to the mission, presentation of the cetaceans and business model seem to be needed to realign the public display of cetaceans with the mainstream social ethic of the times.