bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and Charge Dual Transfer Engineering for High‐Performance Green Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: An Hee Ju , Baek Sung Doo , Kim Do Hoon , Myoung Jae‐Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered considerable interest in recent years owing to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the performance of PeLEDs is limited by their low quantum efficiency and unbalanced charge injection. In this study, to address these issues, a novel co‐hole transport layer (HTL) of 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) and poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) is introduced into PeLEDs. By optimizing the composition ratio of CBP and PVK, the performance of CsPbBr3‐based PeLEDs is significantly improved via efficient Förster resonant energy transfer and an enhanced charge transfer owing to the well‐aligned energy levels of the HTLs with the emission layers. The PeLED with an optimized composition ratio of the PVK0.5–CBP0.5 HTL exhibits the best device performance with a luminance of 31641 cd∙m−2, current efficiency of 39.2 cd∙A−1, and external quantum efficiency of 15.4%. Thus, the proposed strategy engineering dual transfer of energy and charge is expected to be revolutionary in the field of PeLED research.
Alkali Additives Enable Efficient Large Area (>55 cm2) Slot‐Die Coated Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Rana Prem Jyoti Singh , Febriansyah Benny , Koh Teck Ming , Muhammad Bening Tirta , Salim Teddy , Hooper Thomas J. N. , Kanwat Anil , Ghosh Biplab , Kajal Priyanka , Lew Jia Haur , Aw Yeow Chong , Yantara Natalia , Bruno Annalisa , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Ager Joel W. , Leong Wei Lin , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Mathews Nripan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTypical fabrication methods for laboratory‐scale (<1 cm2) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are undeniably not scalable and the control of crystallization of large‐area perovskite layer for commercial sized modules is also particularly challenging. Here, a seed‐assisted crystallization approach is demonstrated through addition of alkali salts, CsPbBr3 and KPb2Br5, to the perovskite precursor ink for enabling homogeneous and highly crystalline large‐area Cs0.15FA0.85Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 (CsFA) perovskite films via scalable slot‐die coating technique. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the segregation of potassium ions at SnO2/perovskite interface which serve as nucleation sites for the crystallization of perovskite layer. The uniformly slot‐die coated CsFA films (100 cm2) from the additives containing precursor inks possess larger grains with enhanced optoelectronic properties and the corresponding devices display higher reproducibility and consistency. A champion device efficiency of 18.94% under 1 sun illumination for slot‐die coated PSCs in n‐type/intrinsic/p‐type structure is demonstrated with improved stability with 82% of its initial efficiency tested at 65 °C for 1150 h. The slot‐die coated methylammonium‐free perovskite module with an active area of 57.5 cm2 shows an efficiency of 16.22% and retains 82% of its initial efficiency after 4800 h under 30% relative humidity without encapsulation.
Information Storage Based on Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent 3D Code Materials
Authors: Lou Kai , Hu Ziqing , Zhang Hanwei , Li Qingyun , Ji Xiaofan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the booming of information technology, considerable progress has been witnessed in information storage carriers, accompanied by soaring storage capacity. 3D codes as an emerging information storage carrier has attracted wide attention. However, it is challenging for conventional 3D codes to transform their encoded information, restricting their applications. Due to their rich color characteristics and various stimuli responsiveness, fluorescent materials can be utilized to construct stimuli‐responsive 3D code systems that can exhibit pattern changes upon specific external stimuli, thereby realizing information transformation. According to the type of stimuli responsiveness, several kinds of stimuli‐responsive 3D code systems are classified and summarized, including pH responsiveness, ion responsiveness, light responsiveness, electricity responsiveness, time responsiveness, some separate stimuli responsiveness, and multiple responsiveness. This review summarizes the recent 3D code systems, elaborates on how they can realize information transformation, analyzes their potential applications, and puts forward some perspectives on further development in this field. The authors anticipate this review can provide guidelines for the design of novel information materials and promote the development of information science and technology.
Instructive Hydrogels for Primary Tumor Cell Culture: Current Status and Outlook
Authors: Jia Yiyang , Wei Zhentong , Zhang Songling , Yang Bai , Li Yunfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary tumor organoids (PTOs) growth in hydrogels have emerged as an important in vitro model that recapitulates many characteristics of the native tumor tissue, and have important applications in fundamental cancer research and for the development of useful therapeutic treatment. This paper begins with reviewing the methods of isolation of primary tumor cells. Then, recent advances on the instructive hydrogels as biomimetic extracellular matrix for primary tumor cell culture and construction of PTO models are summarized. Emerging microtechnology for growth of PTOs in microscale hydrogels and the applications of PTOs are highlighted. This paper concludes with an outlook on the future directions in the investigation of instructive hydrogels for PTO growth.
Ionic Liquid‐Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Thrombosis‐Detecting Nanosensors
Authors: Bekdemir Ahmet , Tanner Eden E. L. , Kirkpatrick Jesse , Soleimany Ava P. , Mitragotri Samir , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlood clotting disorders such as pulmonary embolism are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A large portion of thrombotic events occur postoperative and after hospital discharge. Therefore, easily applicable, noninvasive, and long‐term monitoring of thrombosis occurrence is critical for urgent clinical intervention. Here, the use is proposed of ionic liquids as a skin transport facilitator to deliver thrombin‐sensitive nanosensors that enable prolonged monitoring of pulmonary embolism. Co‐formulation of nanosensors with choline and geranic acid (CAGE) ionic liquids demonstrates significant transdermal diffusion into the dermis of the skin and provides sustained release into the blood throughout 72 h. Upon reaching the systemic circulation, the nanosensors release reporter molecules into the urine by responding to activation of the clotting cascade and retain a diagnostic power for 24 h in an acute pulmonary embolism mouse model. These results demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept disease monitoring system that can be topically applied by patients and potentially reduce mortality and high cost of hospitalization.
The Effect of Geometry and TGF‐β Signaling on Tumor Cell Migration from Free‐Standing Microtissues
Authors: Xie Jing , Hu Xinyu , Chen Lina , Piruska Aigars , Zheng Zijian , Bao Min , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecapitulation of 3D multicellular tissues in vitro is of great interest to the field of tumor biology to study the integrated effect of local biochemical and biophysical signals on tumor cell migration and invasion. However, most microengineered tissues and spheroids are unable to recapitulate in vitro the complexities of 3D geometries found in vivo. Here, lithographically defined degradable alginate microniches are presented to produce free‐standing tumor microtissues, with precisely controlled geometry, high viability, and allowing for high cell proliferation. The role of microtissue geometry and TGF‐β signaling in tumor cell migration is further investigated. TGF‐β is found to induce the expression of p‐myosin II, vimentin, and YAP/TAZ nuclear localization at the periphery of the microtissue, where enhanced nuclear stiffness and orientation are also observed. Upon embedding in a collagen matrix, microtissues treated with TGF‐β maintain their geometric integrity, possibly due to the higher cell tension observed around the periphery. In contrast, cells in microtissues not treated with TGF‐β are highly mobile and invade the surrounding matrix rapidly, with the initial migration strongly dependent on the local geometry. The microtissues presented here are promising model systems for studying the influence of biophysical properties and soluble factors on tumor cell migration.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Black Phosphorus Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties: A Stepwise Countermeasure for Diabetic Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Ding Qiuyue , Sun Tingfang , Su Weijie , Jing Xirui , Ye Bing , Su Yanlin , Zeng Lian , Qu Yanzhen , Yang Xu , Wu Yuzhou , Luo Zhiqiang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCutaneous wound healing, especially diabetic wound healing, is a common clinical challenge. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacterial infection are two major detrimental states that induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and impede angiogenesis and wound healing. A derivative of the metabolite itaconate, 4‐octyl itaconate (4OI) has attracted increasing research interest in recent years due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, 4OI‐modified black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets are incorporated into a photosensitive, multifunctional gelatin methacrylamide hydrogel to produce a new photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) system with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound regeneration. Under laser irradiation, the 4OI–BP‐entrapped hydrogel enables rapid gelation, forming a membrane on wounds, and offers high PTT and PDT efficacy to eliminate bacterial infection. Without laser irradiation, BP acts as a carrier and controls the release of 4OI, with which it synergistically enhances antioxidant activity, thus alleviating excessive ROS damage to endothelial cells, promoting neovascularization, and facilitating faster diabetic wound closure. These findings indicate that 4OI–BP‐entrapped multifunctional hydrogel provides a stepwise countermeasure with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for diabetic ulcers.
Biomimetic Metal−Organic Frameworks as Targeted Vehicles to Enhance Osteogenesis
Authors: Liang Na , Ren Na , Feng Zhichao , Sun Zhaoyang , Dong Mengwei , Wang Wenhan , Liu Feng , Sun Chunhui , Zhou Weijia , Xing Zhiqing , Wang Jingang , Liu Chao , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough engineered nanoparticles loaded with specific growth factors are used to regulate differentiation of stem cells, the low loading efficiency and biocompatibility are still great challenges in tissue repair. A nature‐inspired biomimetic delivery system with targeted functions is attractive for enhancing cell activity and controlling cell fate. Herein, a stem cell membrane (SCM)‐wrapped dexamethasone (DEX)‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is constructed, which integrates the synthetic nanomaterials with native plasma membrane, to achieve efficient DEX delivery and DEX‐mediated bone repair. The DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM enables high DEX loading capacity, modulates the sustained release, and facilitates the specific uptake of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to the porous property of ZIF‐8 and the innate targeting capability of SCM. The endocytosed DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM shows high cytocompatibility and greatly enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, RNA‐sequencing data reveal that the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt signaling pathways are activated and dominantly involved in the accelerated osteogenesis. In the bone defect model, the administrated DEX@ZIF‐8‐SCM exerts excellent biocompatibility and effectively promotes bone regeneration. Overall, the SCM‐derived biomimetic nanoplatform achieves targeted delivery, excellent biosafety, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and bone repair, which provides a new and valid strategy for treating various tissue injuries.
Emergence of Responsive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes for Imaging Tumor‐Associated Metabolites
Authors: Yin Hang , Jin Ziyi , Duan Wenjia , Han Bing , Han Limei , Li Cong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a core hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming alters the metabolic networks of cancer cells to meet their insatiable appetite for energy and nutrient. Tumor‐associated metabolites, the products of metabolic reprogramming, are valuable in evaluating tumor occurrence and progress timely and accurately because their concentration variations usually happen earlier than the aberrances demonstrated in tissue structure and function. As an optical spectroscopic technique, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers advantages in imaging tumor‐associated metabolites, including ultrahigh sensitivity, high specificity, multiplexing capacity, and uncompromised signal intensity. This review first highlights recent advances in the development of stimuli‐responsive SERS probes. Then the mechanisms leading to the responsive SERS signal triggered by tumor metabolites are summarized. Furthermore, biomedical applications of these responsive SERS probes, such as the image‐guided tumor surgery and liquid biopsy examination for tumor molecular typing, are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the responsive SERS probes for clinical translation are also discussed.
Functionalized Mn3O4 Nanosheets with Photothermal, Photodynamic, and Oxidase‐Like Activities Triggered by Low‐Powered Near‐Infrared Light for Synergetic Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Min Yuanhong , Zhang Qi , Wu Shiyue , Fu Wensheng , Wu Jiangling , Li Ming , Wang Yi , Zhang Pu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacterial infections have become a major danger to public health. Synergetic therapy through multiple approaches is more powerful than the respective one alone, but has been rarely achieved in defeating MDR bacterial infections so far. Herein, indocyanine green‐functionalized Mn3O4 nanosheets are engineered as an efficient and safe antibacterial agent with photothermal, photodynamic, and oxidase‐like activities, which display powerful ability in treating MDR bacterial infections. Therein, photothermal and photodynamic activities can be triggered by a single low‐powered near‐infrared laser (808 nm, 0.33 W cm−2), resulting in the generation of localized hyperthermia (photothermal conversion efficiency, 67.5%) and singlet oxygen. Meanwhile, oxidase‐like activity of this material further leads to the generation of hydroxyl radical as well as superoxide radical. Sheet‐like structure with rough surfaces make them tends to adhere on bacterial surface and thus damage membrane system as well as influence bacterial metabolism. As a result, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria can both be eradicated. Animal experiments further indicate that the functionalized Mn3O4 nanosheets can effectively treat methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐infected wounds through the triple synergetic therapy. Moreover, toxicity evaluation in vitro and in vivo has proved the superior biosafety of this material, which is promising to apply in clinical anti‐infective therapy.
Modulating Electron Transfer in Vanadium‐Based Artificial Enzymes for Enhanced ROS‐Catalysis and Disinfection
Authors: Li Ling , Cao Sujiao , Wu Zihe , Guo Ruiqian , Xie Lan , Wang Liyun , Tang Yuanjiao , Li Qi , Luo Xianglin , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanomaterials‐based artificial enzymes (AEs) have flourished for more than a decade. However, it is still challenging to further enhance their biocatalytic performances due to the limited strategies to tune the electronic structures of active centers. Here, a new path is reported for the de novo design of the d electrons of active centers by modulating the electron transfer in vanadium‐based AEs (VOx‐AE) via a unique Zn–O–V bridge for efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐catalysis. Benefiting from the electron transfer from Zn to V, the V site in VOx‐AE exhibits a lower valence state than that in V2O5, which results in charge‐filled V‐dyz orbital near the Fermi level to interfere with the formation of sigma bonds between the V‐ and O‐pz orbitals in H2O2. The VOx‐AE exhibits a twofold Vmax and threefold turnover number than V2O5 when catalyzing H2O2. Meanwhile, the VOx‐AE shows enhanced catalytic eradication of drug‐resistant bacteria and achieves comparable wound‐treatment indexes to vancomycin. This modulating charge‐filling of d electrons provides a new direction for the de novo design of nanomaterials‐based AEs and deepens the understanding of ROS‐catalysis.
Large‐Area and Efficient Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes via Blade‐Coating
Authors: Chu Shenglong , Zhang Yihan , Xiao Peng , Chen Wenjing , Tang Rongfeng , Shao Yi , Chen Tao , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Liu Fengguang , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLarge‐area fabrication of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) through mass‐production techniques has attracted growing attention due to their potential applications in lighting. Several breakthroughs are made for red/infrared and green emissions. Nevertheless, large‐area blue/sky‐blue PeLEDs, a requisite color for lighting, have not yet been reported. Here, efficient and large‐area sky‐blue PeLEDs are fabricated through blade‐coating supersaturated precursors. The volume ratio of dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethylformamide is tuned to obtain a supersaturated CsPb(Br0.84Cl0.16)3 solution. Blade‐coating this supersaturated precursor results in nucleation in the solution phase with much higher nucleation sites, and a faster crystallization rate. The uniform films formed by this approach exhibit smaller grain size, lower trap density, and higher radiative recombination rate. The peak external quantum efficiency of the blade‐coated PeLEDs reaches 10.3% with sky‐blue emission (489 nm). Benefitting from the robustness of this blade‐coating technique, large‐area sky‐blue PeLEDs with a device area of 28 cm2 are also achieved with uniform emission. This work represents a significant step forward toward flat‐panel lighting and full‐color display for the PeLEDs.
Fabrication of Flexible Mesoporous Black Nb2O5 Nanofiber Films for Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction into CH4
Authors: Lin Xi , Xia Shuhui , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Songmei , Chen Yuehui , Chen Shuo , Ding Bin , Yu Jianyong , Yan Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAchieving high selectivity and conversion efficiency simultaneously is a challenge for visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CH4. Here, a facile nanofiber synthesis method and a new defect control strategy at room‐temperature are reported for the fabrication of flexible mesoporous black Nb2O5 nanofiber catalysts that contain abundant oxygen‐vacancies and unsaturated Nb dual‐sites, which are efficient towards photocatalytic production of CH4. The oxygen‐vacancy decreases the bandgap width of Nb2O5 from 3.01–2.25 eV, which broadens the light‐absorption range from ultraviolet to visible‐light, and the dual sites in the mesopores can easily adsorb CO2, so that the intermediate product of CO* can be spontaneously changed into *CHO. The formation of a highly stable NbCHO* intermediate at the dual sites is proposed to be the key feature determining selectivity. The preliminary results show that without using sacrificial agents and photosensitizers, the nanofiber catalyst achieves 64.8% selectivity for CH4 production with a high evolution rate of 19.5 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible‐light. Furthermore, the flexible catalyst film can be directly used in devices, showing appealing and broadly commercial applications.
Van der Waals MoS2/PdSe2 Heterostructures Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Broadband and Polarized Photodetection
Authors: Gao Honglei , Du Changhui , Chen Lijun , Wang Wenjia , Li Kuilong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, group‐X transition metal dichalcogenides with tunable distinct optical and superior electrical properties have displayed profound potential in various optoelectronic devices. In this work, novel van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures composed of monolayer MoS2 and few‐layer PdSe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition are employed in photodetectors for broadband and polarized photodetection. Excitingly, optoelectronic measurements show that the MoS2/PdSe2 photodetector is sensitive to near‐infrared light with responsivity as high as 6.9 A W−1, specific detectivity up to 6.3 × 1010 Jones, and a rapid response speed of 0.378/0.708 s at 830 nm. This is mainly attributed to the enhanced light absorption and the type‐II band alignment of the heterostructure. Under illumination, not only the intralayer excitations but also the interlayer excitations contribute to the carrier's generation in relevant layers, which enables the broadband photoresponse. In addition, this photodetector also exhibits a good polarization sensitivity with dichroic ratio about 1.34. All these results demonstrate that the MoS2/PdSe2 vdWs heterostructures are suitable for the realization of next‐generation high‐performance broad and polarized photodetectors.
Interparticle Interaction Matters: Charge Carrier Dynamics in Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Cryoaerogels
Authors: Schlosser Anja , Schlenkrich Jakob , Zámbó Dániel , Rosebrock Marina , Graf Rebecca T. , Escobar Cano Giamper , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntegration of noble metals into semiconductor‐based nanoparticle gel structures facilitates the extraction of photoexcited charge carriers upon illumination. While charge carrier generation takes place in the semiconductor component, noble metals in contact to the semiconductor act as electron sinks. Thus, the nature of the interface between the components is of essential importance, as it dictates the characteristics of the interparticle contact. Here, the influence of the nanoscale building block design on the charge carrier dynamics in cryoaerogels consisting of CdSe/CdS nanorods and nanoplatelets as well as of gold or platinum is reported. It is shown that direct growth of noble metal domains onto the semiconductor prior to the gelation significantly facilitates charge carrier separation in their cryoaerogel structures compared to gels from the colloidal mixtures of semiconductor and noble metal nanoparticles, the latter ones having less defined metal/semiconductor boundaries and much more arbitrary component distributions. Although the structure of the different cryoaerogel systems is similar at the micro‐ and macroscale, nanoscale differences caused by the two synthetic routes drive essentially different behavior regarding the charge carrier dynamics efficiency. These effects are observed spectroelectrochemically via intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy emphasizing the importance of the semiconductor–metal connection in the hybrid structures.