bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonstationary random vibration analysis of structures with uncertain parameters based on a polynomial dimensional decomposition
Authors: Liu Fan , Zhao Yan , Li Lixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD), a novel method for analysing nonstationary random vibration of structures with uncertain parameters is proposed in this paper. The uncertain structural parameters are assumed to be independent random variables, with certain types of probability distributions; thus, the nonstationary random vibration responses of the structures become stochastic functions of these uncertain parameters. A dimensional decomposition and Fourier expansion were applied to calculate the statistical characteristics of the nonstationary random vibration responses of the structures. To calculate the conditional power spectral density (CPSD) and conditional standard deviation (CSD) of the nonstationary random vibration responses, CPSD and CSD were explicitly expressed using expansion coefficients and polynomial basis. Subsequently, the probability distributions of the structural responses can be effectively calculated in terms of these explicit expressions. Dimension‐reduction integration and Gauss numerical integration were applied to calculate expansion coefficients. The validity of the proposed method was verified by numerical examples, including a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system and a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system (reinforced concrete shear wall). The results indicate that the proposed method is as accurate as Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), whereas the proposed method requires considerably smaller number of nonstationary random vibration analyses than MCS. Moreover, the nonstationary random vibration analysis of a long‐span cable‐stayed bridge demonstrates that the proposed method is feasible for quantifying the uncertainties of the nonstationary random vibration responses of complex engineering structures with uncertain parameters.
Caregivers' depressive symptom trajectories and risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with functional limitations: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Lou Vivian W. Q. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCaregiver (CG)'s depression is common and its prevalence is rising. The relationship of CG depression with care recipients (CR)'s subsequent cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study examines the association of CG depressive symptoms trajectories with 6‐year cognitive impairment risk among care recipients (CR) who are older adults with functional limitations.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data cohorts from 2010 to 2016. The sample included 810 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years, dementia free at baseline, with their primary caregiver dyads. CG's depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The main outcomes were incident mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment of CRs measured using Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Group‐based trajectory modeling identified three CG depressive symptom trajectory groups. Competing risks regression analysis modeled the hazards as a function of CG depressive symptom trajectories.ResultsOf 810 CRs, 3% developed severe cognitive impairment, 21% had moderate cognitive impairment, and 37% had mild cognitive impairment. Only CG's “Increasing” trajectory group predicted increased risk of CR's mild and moderate cognitive impairment relative to “persistently low” group (subhazard ratio [SHR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], p < 0.05; SHR = 1.87, 95% CI, p < 0.05, respectively).Conclusions and ImplicationsFinding highlight the intricate and non‐linear association between CG depressive trajectory and CR cognitive impairment. This evidence can be used to enlighten policymakers and health providers about the need for risk stratification screening for CG mental health and early treatment for CG depression to prevent or delay CR's cognitive impairment.
Insider trading, gender diversity within the board room, CEO pay gap, and stock price crash risk
Authors: Le Viet Phuong , Nguyen Ann‐Ngoc , Gregoriou Andros 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of insider trading and managerial attributes on future stock price crashes. We conduct a series of regressions addressing the managerial attributes determinants of future stock price crashes including gender diversity, CEO age, and CEO power (measured by CEO pay disparity, CEO tenure and CEO duality). Our empirical results reveal a positive association between insider purchases and price crash risk. This implies that other than compensation and career concerns, insiders hoard bad news to fulfil their trading incentives. Our positive coefficients of insider sales also suggest that insider sellers can assess inside information promptly and anticipate shortly before the crashes. We further document that the presence of female directors on boards can mitigate stock price crash risk. However, firms with powerful or younger Chief Executive Officers are more likely to experience crashes. Overall, we highlight the importance of corporate managerial attributes in dealing with information asymmetry problems.
Impaired Bone Architecture in Peripubertal Children With HIV, Despite Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study From Zimbabwe
Authors: Mukwasi-Kahari Cynthia , Rehman Andrea M , Ó Breasail Mícheál , Rukuni Ruramayi , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Chipanga Joseph , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Micklesfield Lisa K , Ferrand Rashida A , Ward Kate A , Gregson Celia L 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
HIV infection has multi-system adverse effects in children, including on the growing skeleton. We aimed to determine the association between chronic HIV infection and bone architecture (density, size, strength) in peripubertal children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 8 to 16 years with HIV (CWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and children without HIV (CWOH) recruited from schools and frequency-matched for age strata and sex. Outcomes, measured by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), included 4% trabecular and 38% cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), 4% and 38% cross-sectional area (CSA), and 38% stress–strain index (SSI). Multivariable linear regression tested associations between HIV status and outcomes, stratified by sex and puberty (Tanner 1–2 versus 3–5), adjusting for age, height, fat mass, physical activity, and socioeconomic and orphanhood statuses. We recruited 303 CWH and 306 CWOH; 50% were female. Although CWH were similar in age to CWOH (overall mean ± SD 12.4 ± 2.5 years), more were prepubertal (ie, Tanner 1; 41% versus 23%). Median age at ART initiation was 4 (IQR 2–7) years, whereas median ART duration was 8 (IQR 6–10) years. CWH were more often stunted (height-for-age Z-score &lt;−2) than those without HIV (33% versus 7%). Both male and female CWH in later puberty had lower trabecular vBMD, CSA (4% and 38%), and SSI than those without HIV, whereas cortical density was similar. Adjustment explained some of these differences; however, deficits in bone size persisted in CWH in later puberty (HIV*puberty interaction p = 0.035 [males; 4% CSA] and p = 0.029 [females; 38% CSA]). Similarly, puberty further worsened the inverse association between HIV and bone strength (SSI) in both males (interaction p = 0.008) and females (interaction p = 0.004). Despite long-term ART, we identified deficits in predicted bone strength in those living with HIV, which were more overt in the later stages of puberty. This is concerning, as this may translate to higher fracture risk later in life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Doubly labelled water‐calibrated energy intake associations with mortality risk among older adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Kimura Misaka , Yamada Yosuke ,   Kyoto–Kameoka Study Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe body mass index (BMI) is closely related to mortality risk, and energy intake (EI) is essential for maintaining energy balance in weight control. However, self‐reported EI has been shown to lead to a systematic underestimation. Total energy expenditure measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method is considered an objective biomarker of EI and the gold standard for its estimation in individuals with stable body weight. We aimed to examine the association between DLW‐calibrated EI and BMI on overall mortality risk in older adults.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed using data of 8051 (4267 women and 3784 men) Japanese older adults from the Kyoto–Kameoka Study in Japan. Calibrated EI was calculated from the estimated EI using a food frequency questionnaire and equation developed based on DLW. Participants were classified by quartiles based on their EI stratified by sex. BMI was calculated using self‐reported height and body weight. Mortality data were collected between 30 July 2011 and 30 November 2016. Statistical analysis was performed using the multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard model with a restricted cubic spline.ResultsThe 8051 participants' mean (standard deviation) age and BMI were 73.5 (6.1) years and 22.6 (3.0) kg/m2, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) EI with and without calibration was 1909 (145) kcal/day and 1569 (358) kcal/day in women and 2383 (160) kcal/day and 1980 (515) kcal/day in men, respectively. During the median 4.75 years of follow‐up (36 552 person‐years), 661 deaths were recorded. In both women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.41, 0.98]) and men (HR, 0.62; 95% CI [0.44, 0.87]), after adjusting for confounders, the top quartile as compared with the bottom calibrated EI quartile showed a negative association with risk of all‐cause mortality. The lowest HR for all‐cause mortality was 1900–2000 kcal/day in women and 2400–2600 kcal/day in men. However, after adjusting for BMI, no significant association was observed between the calibrated EI and the risk of death. These associations could not be confirmed in the uncalibrated EI. The HR for mortality was minimal at a BMI of 23 kg/m2 in both men and women, with or without adjustment for the calibrated EI.ConclusionsCalibrated EI was negatively associated with mortality risk but not uncalibrated EI. This may be mediated by an increase in body weight over time. Caution is required when interpreting the association between EI and mortality risk without adjusting for self‐reported measurement errors and outcomes.
Peritumoral and Intratumoral Texture Features Based on Multiparametric MRI and Multiple Machine Learning Methods to Preoperatively Evaluate the Pathological Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xie Ni , Fan Xuhui , Chen Desheng , Chen Jingwen , Yu Hongwei , He Meijuan , Liu Hao , Yin Xiaorui , Li Baiwen , Wang Han 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRadiomics‐based preoperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and histological grade (HG) might facilitate the decision‐making for pancreatic cancer and further efforts are needed to develop effective models.PurposeTo develop multiparametric MRI (MP‐MRI)‐based radiomics models to evaluate LNM and HG.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThe pancreatic cancer patients from the main center (n = 126) were assigned to the training and validation sets at a 4:1 ratio. The patients from the other center (n = 40) served as external test sets.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T and 1.5 T/T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast enhancement T1‐weighted imaging.AssessmentA total of 10,686 peritumoral and intratumoral radiomics features were extracted which contained first‐order, shape‐based, and texture features. The following three‐step method was applied to reduce the feature dimensionality: SelectKBest (a function from scikit‐learn package), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and recursive feature elimination based on random forest (RFE‐RF). Six classifiers (random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, K‐nearest neighbor, decision tree, and XGBOOST) were trained and selected based on their performance to construct the clinical, radiomics, and combination models.Statistical TestsDelong's test was used to compare the models' performance. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsTwelve significant features for LNM and 11 features for HG were obtained. Random forest and logistic regression performed better than the other classifiers in evaluating LNM and HG, respectively, according to the surgical pathological results. The best performance was obtained with the models that combined peritumoral and intratumoral features with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.944 and 0.892 in the validation and external test sets for HG and 0.924 and 0.875 for LNM.Data ConclusionRadiomics holds the potential to evaluate LNM and HG of pancreatic cancer. The combination of peritumoral and intratumoral features will make models more accurate.Evidence Level4.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) comparison to 3D‐conformal technique in lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)
Authors: Mark Frances , Alnsour Anoud , Penfold Scott N. , Esterman Adrian , Keys Robert , Le Hien 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionStereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can be a curative option for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and oligometastatic lung disease. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has offered further advancements in terms of radiation dose shaping without compromising treatment times however there is potential for greater low‐dose exposure to the lung. This study was to assess whether VMAT lung SABR would result in any increase to the dosimetry parameters compared with three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) that could confer increased risk of radiation pneumonitis.MethodsA total of 53 and 30 3D‐CRT treatment plans of patients treated with 48 Gy in 4 fractions were compared.ResultsNo statistically significant difference in planning target volumes between the VMAT 29.9 cc (range 12.4–58.5 cc) and 3D‐CRT 31.2 cc (range 12.3–58.3 cc) P = 0.79. The mean of total lung V5, ipsilateral lung V5 and contralateral lung V5 all showed a trend of being smaller in the VMAT treatment group‐ 14% versus 15.8%, 25.6% versus 30.4% and 1.6% versus 2.2%, respectively, but all were not statistically significant differences. Mean of the mean lung dose MLD, again showed a trend of being lower in the VMAT treatments but was also non‐significant, 2.6 Gy versus 3.0 Gy, P = 1.0. Mean V20 was the same in both cohorts, 3.3%.ConclusionsThe dosimetry for 3D‐CRT and VMAT plans were not significantly different including V5, and therefore we conclude that VMAT treatment is unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis.
Future frequency and intensity of Western Disturbance(s)
Authors: Midhuna Thayyil Mandodi , Dimri Ashok Priyadarshan , Suneeth Kuniyil Viswanathan , Pattanaik Dushmanta Ranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWestern Disturbances (WDs) are the primary contributor of winter precipitation over the Western Himalayas (WH). The precipitation falling as snow is essential for Himalayan glaciers accumulation, contributing to Himalayan rivers supporting downstream population of the Indian subcontinent. Climate change has affected the Himalayas, which is noticeable through lesser snowfall and higher melt leading to critical water resource stresses and managements. Available climate models are one of the best available tools to assess precipitation changes over and around the Himalayas. Inherent uncertainties and errors in these numerical models need a certain urge for improvement. Integration of statistical models and methods on top of dynamical models provide better insight and utility in associated processes. Thus, a statistical relationship between various predictors and precipitation over the region is investigated. Available observations from APHRODITE and ERA‐I and model fields from EC‐EARTH‐RCA4 (a CORDEX‐SA member) is used. Multiple linear regression (MLR) model is used to establish statistical estimates using meteorological variables as predictors and precipitation. The correlation between the predictors and precipitation is determined, and a contour depicting maximum correlation is used to estimate regression coefficients. The MLR model is trained during present (1987–2005) and tested during 2006–2007. Higher positive correlations between observations and MLR model are found. This developed MLR model is then implemented for assessing future WDs under RCP8.5 scenario. The intensity and frequency of WDs are calculated during the present and future. Model‐based WDs' intensities slightly deviate from the corresponding observations in present. But the model‐based WDs' frequencies match with the corresponding observations in present. The results indicate that WDs show a decreasing trend in frequency and intensity in the present and near‐future. But in far‐future intensity of WDs shows an increasing trend.
An update on the nutritional profiles of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), and chia (Salvia hispanica L.), three key species with the potential to contribute to food security worldwide
Authors: Olmos Enrique , Roman‐Garcia Inmaculada , Reguera Maria , Mestanza Camilo , Fernandez‐Garcia Nieves 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the major challenges facing the world nowadays is to ensure enough access to healthy food for a growing population. Under this food scenario, it should be noted that increasing food production is as important as improving its nutritional quality. Thus, different agronomy research and innovation programs have pursued food security through the increase in the quantity and nutritional quality of plant‐based foods. One key aspect in this respect is to increase agrobiodiversity by expanding the cultivation of underutilized highly nutritious crops such as chia, quinoa, or amaranth. The outstanding nutritional value of these crops resides in the compositional characteristics of their seeds, which include the presence of significant levels (and a good balance) of proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, and other components such as phenols, minerals, fiber, or vitamins, all contributing to support nutritious diets that also has health benefits such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. All of them, chia, amaranth, and quinoa, are considered emerging crops outside their center of origin (which is mainly located in South America), and their cultivation has been expanded worldwide in the last decade. This review mainly highlights recent knowledge about the nutritional characteristics of these three Latin American crops, with the aim of providing an updated information regarding the compositional profiles of their seeds.
Modulation of PPARα‐thermogenesis gut microbiota interactions in obese mice administrated with zingerone
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Yao Yexuan , Yu Chengwei , Wei Teng , Xi Qinghua , Li Jing , Chen Fang , Deng Ze‐Yuan , Luo Ting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to uncover the potential effects of zingerone (ZIN), one of the bioactive compounds in ginger, on the development of obesity as well as the mechanisms responsible for these effects in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD).ResultsSupplementation with 0.2% (wt/wt) zingerone for 16 weeks significantly reduced the final body weight, liver weight, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight without changing the food intake of the mice when compared with the HFD group. The hyperlipidemia of HFD‐fed mice was ameliorated after zingerone administration, including decreased plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) level. The lipid content in liver was lower and the adipocyte size in eWAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was smaller in HFD + ZIN‐fed mice compared with HFD group. Zingerone also binds with nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) with an optimal docking energy of −7.31 kJ/mol. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPAR‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), the downstream genes of PPAR which are related to thermogenic function of adipocytes, were significantly increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) after zingerone administration, in comparison with HFD fed mice. Zingerone intake also restructured the community composition of gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased, and the relative abundance of Akkermansia_mucinphila was increased.ConclusionZingerone can attenuate obesity and related symptoms in HFD‐fed mice, probably through the modulation of PPARα‐thermogenesis‐gut microbiota interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antioxidant addition improves cholesterol and astaxanthin stability in dry salted shrimp
Authors: Hernández‐Becerra Josafat A , Ochoa‐Flores Angélica A , Rodriguez‐Estrada María T , García Hugo S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional production of dry salted shrimp enhances cholesterol oxidation and astaxanthin degradation in the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of the antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) to cooked shrimp on the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and astaxanthin degradation during solar drying of shrimp.RESULTSThe added antioxidants significantly inhibited COPs formation after the product was boiled in brine. Smaller amounts of COPs were formed in antioxidant‐treated shrimps (~−23%) as compared to untreated samples. The antioxidants continued to significantly inhibit COPs formation (~−39%) during sun drying. Similarly, TBHQ and BHT reduced by 51.3% and 37.2%, respectively, the degradation rate of astaxanthin, favoring a higher retention of this carotenoid in the final product.CONCLUSIONThe use of the antioxidants BHT and TBHQ in the preparation of dry salted shrimp significantly inhibited the formation of COPs after cooking raw shrimp and during direct solar drying. They also protected astaxanthin contained in the cooked shrimp from photodegradation. These results are technologically relevant because it is possible to prepare a product with a higher content of astaxanthin and lower the presence of hazardous COPs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.