bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of HPMC Concentration as a Gelling Agent on Color Stability of Copigmented Blush Gel Extract of Purple Sweet (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.)
Authors: Nugrahaeni Fitria , Nining  , Okvianida Redina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purple sweet potato contains anthocyanin pigments that can be used as natural dyes. However, the use of anthocyanins as dyes has less stable properties. Anthocyanin stability can be increased by the addition of copigments. Copigment that can be used is apple extract at pH 4.6. In this study, a blush was made. One of the blush dosage forms that can be made is gel. Blush gel can provide a cool feeling, easy to wash, soft, and not sticky on the skin. In the creation of gels, the gelling agent is one of the components that affect the characteristics of gel preparations. HPMC is a gelling agent used in the manufacture of blush gel preparations. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of HPMC as a gelling agent on the color stability of the copigmented purple sweet potato extract blush gel. The preparations were made in 3 formulas with varying concentrations of gelling agent (F1) 1%, (F2) 1.5%, and (F3) 2%. The evaluation carried out included testing the physical characteristics of the gel, namely organoleptic test, pH test, dispersion test, phase separation test, color stability test, and preference test. The results showed that the evaluation of blush gel preparations met the requirements of pharmaceutical standards with the pH test value of blush gel preparations being 4.72 to 5.84 and the spreadability test value being 5.26 cm to 6.48 cm. The results of the color stability test on the three formulas showed that there were significant differences. The increase in the concentration of HPMC as a gelling agent on the color stability of the copigmented purple sweet potato extract blush gel was unstable during 28 days of storage.
Microbiological profile of concentrated yoghurt manufactured from low and full fat milk during storage
Authors: Setyawardani T , Sumarmono J , Kusuma D R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The microbiological profile illustrates the existence and growth of microflora in fermentation products, such as concentrate yogurt. The study aimed to identify and evaluate microflora in yogurt paste observed from the total bacteria, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total yeast, LAB viability, and level of acidity. Concentrate yogurt was made of full-fat milk and low-fat milk that was fermented and hung for 24h and stored at a low temperature for observation on day 0,15, 30, 45, and 60. The data were subjected to a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) followed by the Duncan test. The result showed significant (P<0.05) changes in the total bacteria, total LAB, total yeast, LAB viability dan acidity (pH) of the fermentation products; however, no significant difference (P>0.05) was identified regarding the use of raw material. Storage made the fermented products suffer from the decreased total bacteria, LAB dan its viability, but there was an increase in the total yeast and pH. Conclusively, storing concentrate yogurt in a cool place for 60 would decrease the microflora profile (total bacteria, LAB dan LAB viability) but increase the total yeast and pH value.
Production profile and microbiological properties of locally produced pork sausage in the Philippines
Authors: Dealino MM , Bueno CM 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the micro-enterprise production practices and microbiological properties of Philippine pork sausage. It was noted that most sausage manufacturers that fall under the said business category require workers to take a bath prior to operation and wear aprons while few require hand washing and use of hairnet and facemask. No one used hand gloves. Meat materials are sourced locally and undergo no washing prior to grinding which are mostly facilitated at room temperature. Only few of the respondents have designated processing area while others process in-store or at the back of their house. All the respondents use stainless steel mixing basin and manual stuffing with 46.67% using stainless steel table. Processors use hog casing and/or artificial edible casing. Results of the microbial analysis showed all sausage samples were beyond the limit for coliforms while only 26.77% were below the limit set for Escherichia coli. Salmonella had 93.33% incidence while all samples were tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that micro-enterprise production process of local pork sausage may compromise the safety of the consuming public and comprehensive evaluation by the local government unit is necessary to comply with the Philippine Food Safety Act of 2013.
Biogas as methane mitigation path on dairy cattle waste management
Authors: Herliatika A , Widiawati Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) caused global warming. The GHG emissions in ruminants come from enteric fermentation and manure management. Some of manure management of large ruminants (dairy cattle and beef cattle) are Biogas and manure stacking. Biogas in manure management is the most suggested, since beside reduce the GHG emission, it’s also produced an alternative energy source. Biogas system had been applied by many sectors including small holder farmers. There is no data available on the reduction value of GHG emission resulted from Biogas system. Therefore, the equation of methane mitigation from biogas was needed to predict the potential mitigation from this activity. This study aimed to create a simple equation to predict methane mitigation from manure management activity of dairy cattle, also to predict added value as an energy source in manure management. A correction factor of emission from dry stacking of manure compared to emission from biogas is also required in the calculation. Equations formed from the study are EB=(940,57 CO2-eq/AU/year) x N, EBB=130,73 CO2-eq/AU/year x N, and EDS=0,659281 x EB or EDS=4,74336 x EBB. These equations used to predict greenhouse gas production in the manure of dairy cattle. The final result showed that manure management of dairy cattle should be done by using Biogas. Gases produced in biogas can be used as alternative energy by burning it and contribute to reducing the GHG production in manure management.
Study of phytoplankton biology index and water quality parameters of kali Surabaya River
Authors: Cahyonugroho O H , Hariyanto S , Supriyanto G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phytoplankton is used as an indicator of water quality because of its short life cycle and fast response to changes in the aquatic environment, especially in river ecosystems. In addition, the existence of industrial, agricultural, and community activities around the river will cause changes in the water quality of the waters. This study aim was to analyze the distribution of the phytoplankton community based on the biological index related to the water quality parameters of the Kali Surabaya river. The study was carried out in January – February 2021. The study sample used a random sample method which was divided into four observation station. The samples obtained were identified by the type of phytoplankton and tested for water quality parameters (pH, temperature, brightness, strong currents, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a). The results showed the phytoplankton abundance index in the Kali Surabaya river is low with a range of 485,49–626,21 cell/L, the diversity index (H’) is moderate with a range of 1.446–1.703, uniformity index (E) in the range of 0,61–0,626, and dominance index (D) with a range of 0,293–0,368. The relationship between the biological index of phytoplankton with the water quality of the Kali Surabaya River that the water quality parameters that had more influence on the diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index were pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate.
Energy Efficiency of Offshore Support Vessels
Authors: Ajith P J , Bangar Raju T , Aqib Jalil Syed , Chaturvedi B K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The International Maritime Organization has brought forward the need to reduce CO2 emissions from ships. There have been many deliberations in this regard; however, there is an absence of specific guidelines to monitor emissions in offshore support vessels. This study attempts to prioritize the various factors affecting the operational energy efficiency of these vessels. The objective of this study is to rank the factors and sub-factors based on feedback from various stakeholders. Three major factors namely Managerial, functional and Infrastructural and their respective sub factors were considered for the study. In total, seventeen sub-factors were taken for the study and feedback from twenty-two stakeholders were obtained. The Best worst method, which is an MCDM approach, is deployed to rank these factors based on feedback from various stakeholders. Infrastructure factors emerge as the leading factors among the three major factors: vessel performance monitoring, digitalized fleet management, and regulatory compliance. The study throws light for vessel operators to focus on infrastructure sub-factors for better energy efficiency in offshore vessels.
Changes in Water Surface Boundary of East Juyan Lake in Northwest China Based on Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Li Lingqi , Lu Jinqiang , Wu Kai , Qu Bo , Liu Bingbing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lakes in arid inland areas are important indicators for reflecting the regional ecosystem security under climate change and human-related impacts. Understanding the evolution characteristics of lakes is helpful for eco-environment protection and management. This study applied the Landsat remote sensing data from 2002 to 2017 to analyze the water surface area changes of East Juyan Lake, a closed lake in northwest China. The results showed that the upward trends existed from 2002 to 2006 and were more significant from 2014 to 2017. The upward trends became gentle from 2007 to 2013. Regarding the seasonal characteristics, the water surface area in winter was almost the largest in the whole year, with an annual average of 51km2, followed by that in autumn (50.45km2). The annual average value in spring (48.16km2) was larger than that in summer (41km2). For the spatial changes, the lake boundary generally expanded from 2002 to 2009, and its eastern and western boundaries changed obviously after 2006. After 2010, the changes in lake boundaries tended to be gentle.
Green Architecture as A Facilitating Mechanism for Regional Development and Sustainable Cities-The Case of the Island of Chiloé, Chile
Authors: S Pareti , V González , D Flores , M Pareti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore how to develop a sustainable architecture to recover the vernacular architecture, and through this strengthen the socioeconomic development of a city It is proposed that through these recoveries and promotions, the city can welcome sustainable logics, also considering its geographical advantages, natural resources and bordering the sea as characteristics to take advantage of. For this, the island of Chiloé in southern Chile has been selected as a case study, due to (1) it has a unique vernacular architecture, the palafitos (stilt houses); and (2) It has a geographic morphology that has allowed, from its genesis as a city, to build in wood and other sustainable materials, consequently, this can be used as a basis for achieve a restoration of its communities respecting the interrelation of various social, cultural and environmental factors and whose sustainability is established by the balance of the previously mentioned factors.
A Conceptual Framework for Developing and Transitioning to a Green Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Nigeria
Authors: John Ogbonna Alfred 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Green Economy (GE) is among the sustainability trends meant to tackle challenges in the present norm. As such, for developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to indulge and transform their economic activities in line with GE standards, there is a need for a workable and pragmatic framework for GE that the stakeholders agree and accept. Hence, this research identified and examined GE-related issues and developed a conceptual framework for a green economy to examine the GE related factors and stages in transitioning to GE in Nigeria. The framework identified and incorporated four stages: the formation, implementation, results and post GE stages by examining the factors at every stage. An exploratory desk study was adopted to analyze the secondary data to examine the linkages in factors that promote/accelerate or hinder/impede GE concepts. The research highlighted the framework’s feasible application and adaptability in Nigeria.
Examining the Success Factors for Sustainable Development in Nigeria’s Economic Growth and Development
Authors: John Ogbonna Alfred 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sustainable Development (SD) is a concept of socially inclusive approach, resource-efficient, with low-carbon measures bolstered by public and private investment partnerships in economic activities and infrastructural projects that minimizes carbon emissions pollution reductions, improves energy usage, and ultimately prevents the loss of biodiversity within the ecosystem services for humankind. Implementing SD policies is paradoxically challenging for a Nigeria and other African countries due to significant factors affecting the success of such policies and efforts within its economy. This study examined 11success factors (SFs) that affects SD in Nigeria’s economy. The results show the huge impact of stakeholders on the success of the SD efforts in Nigeria. In addition, SD policy implementation, enforcement, and adaptability may take years or decades, but once embedded in overall economic sectors, organizational operations, and corporate social responsibilities, as well as the majority of the population’s respective activities, the positive social, economic, and environmental sustainability impacts, will be profound.
A study of morphology of silicon with femtosecond laser based on phase field model
Authors: Zhang Linan , Lu Kai , Wu Liqun , Wang Hongcheng , Liu Hongying , Chen Chao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, phase field model is employed to simulate the process of femtosecond laser which irradiates on silicon surface. The numerical model is mainly used to study the micro/nano evolution process and the atomic diffusion motion of the system. Meanwhile, the Semi-Implicit Fourier spectral method and Semi-Implicit Backwards Differentiation Formula are applied for high efficiency and numerical stability. Further, the rules of surface bumps are controlled by different thermal conductivities which are systematically revealed. Our work provides a new prospect for fabricating the bumps of the probe, to obtain high sensitivity sensors in chemical and biological fields.
Stigma in Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Bédard Sarah , Sasewich Hannah , Culling Jessica , Turner Simon R , Pellizzari Janelle , Johnson Scott , Bédard Eric L R 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe phenomenon of lung cancer stigma has been firmly established in the literature. However, studies have predominantly focused on patients with advanced disease, whose experiences may differ from patients with earlier stage, surgically resectable lung cancer and an improved prognosis.PurposeThe objective of the study was to examine the stigma experienced in a Canadian population with early-stage, resectable lung cancer.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed lung cancer were enrolled at a tertiary thoracic surgery clinic. The 25-item Lung Cancer Stigma Inventory (LCSI) was self-administered by patients to quantitatively measure experiences of lung cancer stigma. LCSI results informed the development of a semi-structured focus group and individual interviews.ResultsOf the 53 participants completing the survey, 38 (72%) met established LCSI score threshold, indicating a clinically meaningful level of stigma. No significant relationship was found between total LCSI scores and any demographic variable. Analysis of qualitative data revealed multiple themes related to experiences of lung cancer stigma. The major themes were classified into four categories: impact of the association between lung cancer and smoking, societal attitudes and assumptions, personal choices in relation to diagnosis, and experiences related to care.ConclusionsA surgical population of patients with predominantly early-stage lung cancer experienced lung cancer stigma at a high incidence and a level similar to previously studied populations with more advanced disease. The qualitative results support the quantitative findings that respondents experienced more internal stigma than either perceived stigma from others or constrained disclosure related to their diagnosis.
The role of resistance exercise training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smart Thomas F F , Doleman Brett , Hatt Jacob , Paul Melanie , Toft Suzanne , Lund Jonathan N , Phillips Bethan E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle mass are both associated with advancing age and each of these declines is associated with worse health outcomes. Resistance exercise training (RET) has previously been shown to improve muscle mass and function in the older population. If RET is also able to improve CRF, as it has been shown to do in younger populations, it has the potential to improve multiple health outcomes in the expanding older population.

Methods
This systematic review aimed to identify the role of RET for improving CRF in healthy older adults. A search across CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMCARE databases was conducted with meta-analysis performed on eligible papers to identify improvements in established CRF parameters (VO2 peak, aerobic threshold (AT), 6-minute walking distance test (6MWT) following RET intervention. Main eligibility criteria included older adults (aged over 60), healthy cohorts (disease-specific cohorts were excluded) and RET intervention.

Results
Thirty-seven eligible studies were identified. Meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in VO2 peak (MD 1.89 ml/kg/min; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.57 ml/kg/min), AT (MD 1.27 ml/kg/min; 95% CI 0.44–2.09 ml/kg/min) and 6MWT (MD 30.89; 95% CI 26.7–35.08) in RET interventions less than 24 weeks. There was no difference in VO2 peak or 6MWT in interventions longer than 24 weeks.

Discussion
This systematic review adds to a growing body of evidence supporting the implementation of RET in the older population for improving whole-body health, particularly in time-limited timeframes.
Resource-dependent investment in male sexual traits in a viviparous fish
Authors: Fernlund Isaksson Erika , Reuland Charel , Kahrl Ariel F , Devigili Alessandro , Fitzpatrick John L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExaggerated and conspicuous sexually selected traits are often costly to produce and maintain. Costly traits are expected to show resource-dependent expression, since limited resources prevent animals from investing maximally in multiple traits simultaneously. However, there may be critical periods during an individual’s life where the expression of traits is altered if resources are limited. Moreover, costly sexual traits may arise from sexual selection acting both before (pre-copulatory) and after mating (post-copulatory). Gaining a robust understanding of resource-dependent trait expression therefore requires an approach that examines both episodes of sexual selection after resource limitation during different times in an individual’s life. Yet few studies have taken such an approach. Here, we examine how resource restriction influences a set of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male pygmy halfbeaks (Dermogenys collettei), which invest in sexual ornaments and routinely engage in male–male contests and sperm competition. Critically, we examined responses in males when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. Both pre- and post-copulatory traits are resource-dependent in male halfbeaks. Body size, beak size, courtship behavior, and testes size were reduced by diet restriction, while, unexpectedly, the restricted-diet group had a larger area of red color on the beak and fins after diet treatment. These patterns were generally consistent when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. The study reinforces the role of resource acquisition in maintaining variation among sexual traits.
Can you hear/see me? Multisensory integration of signals does not always facilitate mate choice
Authors: Coss Derek A , Ryan Michael J , Page Rachel A , Hunter Kimberly L , Taylor Ryan C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Females of many species choose mates using multiple sensory modalities. Multimodal noise may arise, however, in dense aggregations of animals communicating via multiple sensory modalities. Some evidence suggests multimodal signals may not always improve receiver decision-making performance. When sensory systems process input from multimodal signal sources, multimodal noise may arise and potentially complicate decision-making due to the demands on cognitive integration tasks. We tested female túngara frog, Physalaemus (=Engystomops) pustulosus, responses to male mating signals in noise from multiple sensory modalities (acoustic and visual). Noise treatments were partitioned into three categories: acoustic, visual, and multimodal. We used natural calls from conspecifics and heterospecifics for acoustic noise. Robotic frogs were employed as either visual signal components (synchronous vocal sac inflation with call) or visual noise (asynchronous vocal sac inflation with call). Females expressed a preference for the typically more attractive call in the presence of unimodal noise. However, during multimodal signal and noise treatments (robofrogs employed with background noise), females failed to express a preference for the typically attractive call in the presence of conspecific chorus noise. We found that social context and temporal synchrony of multimodal signaling components are important for multimodal communication. Our results demonstrate that multimodal signals have the potential to increase the complexity of the sensory scene and reduce the efficacy of female decision making.
Social Workers’ Experiences of Bureaucracy: A Systematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Pascoe Katheryn Margaret , Waterhouse-Bradley Bethany , McGinn Tony 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since the 1990s managerialism has spread across the public sector, implementing private sector practices targeting greater efficiency in public services. Consequently, reforms focusing on risk management, standardisation, fragmentation and accountability have increased demands for paperwork and procedure compliance from street-level bureaucrats (SLBs). Focusing specifically on the impact on social work, this paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review synthesising social workers experience of bureaucracy across thirty-nine published qualitative studies. Despite warnings being voiced about the risks associated with enforcing highly bureaucratic and managerial cultures in social work, evidence reinforces the consequences predicted over two decades prior. Major themes from the systematic synthesis include negative effects on social workers and service users, social workers’ resistance to bureaucratic structures and the coping strategies they employed. Although the review found some positive perspectives, this was sporadic and only reported in a minority of studies. As SLBs, social workers face an important question: What should be prioritised in the delivery of social services? Managing procedures, administration and documentation or pursuing sustainable change through meaningful engagement with service users?