bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive, Browser-Based Graphics to Visualize Complex Data in Education of Biomedical Sciences for Veterinary Students
Authors: Liebig Pamela , Pröhl Heike , Sudhaus-Jörn Nadine , Hankel Julia , Visscher Christian , Jung Klaus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn veterinary education, data from biomedical or natural sciences are mostly presented in the form of static or animated graphics with no or little amount of interactivity. These kinds of presentations are, however, often not sufficient to depict the complexity of the data or the presented topic. Interactive graphics, which allow to dynamically change data and related graphics, have rarely been considered as teaching tool in higher education of biomedical disciplines for veterinary education so far. In order to study the applicability and the usefulness of interactive graphics in biomedical disciplines for lecturers and students in veterinary education, three different courses from biomedical disciplines were exemplarily implemented as interactive graphics and evaluated in a pilot study by a survey amongst lecturers and students of our university. The interactive graphics were built using the Shiny environment, a web-based application framework for the statistic software R. The survey amongst lecturers and students was based on questionnaires covering questions on the handling and usefulness of the digital teaching tools. In total, n = 327 students and n = 5 lecturers participated in the evaluation study which revealed that the interactive graphics are easy to handle for lecturers and students, and that they can increase the motivation for either teaching or learning. In total, 71% of the students affirmed that interactive graphics led to an increased interest for the presented contents and 76% expressed the wish to get taught more topics with interactive graphics. We also provide a workflow that can be used as a guideline to develop interactive graphics.
Line bundles on rigid spaces in thev-topology
Authors: Heuer Ben 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor a smooth rigid spaceXover a perfectoid field extensionKof$\mathbb {Q}_p$, we investigate how thev-Picard group of the associated diamond$X^{\diamondsuit }$differs from the analytic Picard group ofX. To this end, we construct a left-exact ‘Hodge–Tate logarithm’ sequence$$\begin{align*}0\to \operatorname{Pic}_{\mathrm{an}}(X)\to \operatorname{Pic}_v(X^{\diamondsuit})\to H^0(X,\Omega_X^1)\{-1\}. \end{align*}$$We deduce some analyticity criteria which have applications top-adic modular forms. For algebraically closedK, we show that the sequence is also right-exact ifXis proper or one-dimensional. In contrast, we show that, for the affine space$\mathbb {A}^n$, the image of the Hodge–Tate logarithm consists precisely of the closed differentials. It follows that, up to a splitting,v-line bundles may be interpreted as Higgs bundles. For properX, we use this to construct thep-adic Simpson correspondence of rank one.
Does Non-violent Repression Have Stronger Dampening Effects than State Violence? Insight from an Emotion-Based Model of Non-violent Dissent
Authors: Dornschneider-Elkink Stephanie , Edmonds Bruce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of repression on dissent are debated widely. We contribute to the debate by developing an agent-based model grounded in ethnographic interviews with dissidents. Building on new psychology research, the model integrates emotions as a dynamic context of dissent. The model moreover differentiates between four repression types: violence, street blockages, curfews and Facebook cuts. The simulations identify short-term dampening effects of each repression type, with a maximum effect related to non-violent forms of repression. The simulations also show long-term spurring effects, which are most strongly associated with state violence. In addition, the simulations identify nonlinear short-term spurring effects of state violence on early stage dissent. Such effects are not observed for the remaining repressive measures. Contrasting with arguments that violence deters dissent, this suggests that violence may fuel dissent, while non-violent repression might suppress it.
Colon surgical-site infections and the impact of “present at the time of surgery (PATOS)” in a large network of community hospitals
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , Ge Maojun , Baker Arthur W. , Lewis Sarah , Advani Sonali D. , Smith Becky , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectives:To describe the epidemiology of complex colon surgical procedures (COLO), stratified by present at time of surgery (PATOS) surgical-site infections (SSIs) and non-PATOS SSIs and their impact on the epidemiology of colon-surgery SSIs.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:SSI data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing colon surgical procedures (COLOs) as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) at 34 community hospitals in the southeastern United States from January 2015 to June 2019. Logistic regression models identified specific characteristics of complex COLO SSIs, complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs, and complex PATOS COLO SSIs.Results:Over the 4.5-year study period, we identified 720 complex COLO SSIs following 28,188 COLO surgeries (prevalence rate, 2.55 per 100 procedures). Overall, 544 complex COLO SSIs (76%) were complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs (prevalence rate [PR], 1.93 per 100 procedures) and 176 (24%) complex PATOS COLO SSIs (PR, 0.62 per 100 procedures). Age >75 years and operation duration in the >75th percentile were independently associated with non-PATOS SSIs but not PATOS SSIs. Conversely, emergency surgery and hospital volume for COLO procedures were independently associated with PATOS SSIs but not non-PATOS SSIs. The proportion of polymicrobial SSIs was significantly higher for non-PATOS SSIs compared with PATOS SSIs.Conclusions:Complex PATOS COLO SSIs have distinct features from complex non-PATOS COLO SSIs. Removal of PATOS COLO SSIs from public reporting allows more accurate comparisons among hospitals that perform different case mixes of colon surgeries.
Bacterial Degradation of Wood by Tunnel Formation: Role of TEM in Understanding the Intricate Architecture of Tunnels and the Cell Wall Degradation Process
Authors: Singh Adya P , Singh Shruti , Bari Ehsan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Certain bacteria degrade wood by creating tunnels in cell walls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a key role in understanding the intricate architecture of the tunnels produced within the cell wall and the process of cell wall degradation. The most prominent feature of tunnels is the presence of periodic crescent-shaped slime bands, which is the single most important diagnostic characteristic of bacterial tunneling-type cell wall degradation. The review presented covers the aspects relevant to understanding bacterial tunneling of wood cell walls, emphasizing the importance of the application of TEM in this area of research.
Sonar Observation of Heat Flux of Diffuse Hydrothermal Flows
Authors: Jackson Darrell , Bemis Karen , Xu Guangyu , Ivakin Anatoliy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious work using multibeam sonar to map diffuse hydrothermal flows is extended to estimate the heat output of diffuse flows. In the first step toward inversion, temperature statistics are obtained from sonar data and compared to thermistor data in order to set the value of an empirical constant. Finally, a simple model is used to obtain heat‐flux density from sonar‐derived temperature statistics. The method is applied to data from the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS) deployed on the Ocean Observatories Initiative's Regional Cabled Array at the ASHES vent field on Axial Seamount. Inversion results are presented as maps of heat‐flux density in MW/m2 and as time series of heat‐flux density averaged over COVIS' field of view.
Dynamic Jovian Magnetosphere Responses to Enhanced Solar Wind Ram Pressure: Implications for Auroral Activities
Authors: Feng Enhao , Zhang Binzheng , Yao Zhonghua , Delamere Peter A. , Zheng Zhiqi , Brambles Oliver J. , Ye Sheng‐Yi , Sorathia Kareem A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main emission (ME) of the Jovian aurora is thought to be related to the current system associated with the breakdown of plasma corotation in the middle magnetosphere. According to the mainstream corotation breakdown model, the intensity of the Jovian ME is expected to decrease when the solar wind (SW) ram pressure increases, which is not fully consistent with auroral observations. In addition to the field‐aligned current (FAC), Alfvénic power (AP) play an important role in regulating planetary auroral emissions. We use three‐dimensional global simulations to investigate how these proxies of auroral emission respond to enhanced SW ram pressure. We found that during SW compression, both FAC and AP experience up‐down‐up trends, which is not revealed by any previous simulations, while could potentially explain many observations. The results suggest that different Jovian auroral activities including brightening or dimming can be observed during SW compression period.
Climate‐Driven Variations in Nitrogen Retention From a Riverine Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Meadow
Authors: Botrel M. , Hudon C. , Heffernan J. B. , Biron P. M. , Maranger R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge rivers can retain a substantial amount of nitrogen (N), particularly in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) meadows that may act as disproportionate control points for N retention. However, the temporal variation of N retention in large rivers remains unknown since past measurements were snapshots in time. Using high‐frequency plants and NO3− measurements over the summers 2012–2017, we investigated how the climate variation influenced N retention in a SAV meadow (∼10 km2) at the confluence zone of two agricultural tributaries entering the St. Lawrence River. Distinctive combinations of water temperature and level were recorded between years, ranging from extreme hot‐low (2012) and cold‐high (2017) summers (2°C and 1.4 m interannual range). Using an indicator of SAV biomass, we found that these extreme hot‐low and cold‐high years had reduced biomass compared to hot summers with intermediate levels. In addition, changes in main stem water levels were asynchronous with the tributary discharges that controlled NO3− inputs at the confluence. We estimated daily N uptake rates from a moored NO3− sensor and partitioned these into assimilatory and dissimilatory pathways. Measured rates were variable but among the highest reported in rivers (median 576 mg N m−2 d−1, range 60–3,893 mg N m−2 d−1) and SAV biomass promoted greater proportional retention and permanent N loss through denitrification. We estimated that the SAV meadow could retain up to 0.8 kt N per year and 87% of N inputs, but this valuable ecosystem service is contingent on how climate variations modulate both N loads and SAV biomass.
Effectiveness of Family Based Behavioral Treatment in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Young Children
Authors: Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Bates Carolyn R. , Pona Ashleigh A. , Reder Miriam , Hampl Sarah E. 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Reducing obesity prevalence requires effective, early intervention. Yet, there is a paucity of research on effective family based behavioral treatments (FBBTs) for preschool-aged children, and youth from diverse ethnic backgrounds are underrepresented. Methodological issues also complicate the measurement of change in adiposity in young children. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief FBBT targeting diverse, underserved families. The study examined child weight over time and explored differential effectiveness of the program based on child age and ethnicity. The study additionally examined differences in outcomes based on adiposity measurement strategy. Methods: One hundred fifty-seven children with overweight/obesity (ages 2–9) and their families participated in a 6-week, no cost, group FBBT intervention at a large Midwestern children’s hospital. Parents were the primary targets of treatment, although the entire family attended sessions. Child height and weight were measured at baseline, end of treatment (6 weeks), and 6-month follow-up. Results: Children evidenced significant reductions in weight when measured by Body Mass Index z-score ( zBMI) and percent of the 95th percentile. Young children (ages 2–5) had significantly higher zBMI at baseline, and experienced more significant reductions in zBMI over time, compared to older children. There were no significant differences in weight change based on ethnicity. Conclusions: This brief FBBT group intervention demonstrated effectiveness among ethnically diverse youth and was especially effective for young children. Implications for Impact Statement Young, ethnic minority youth with severe obesity are a population in great need of effective weight management interventions, but have not been the focus of family based behavioral treatment (FBBT) research to date. Findings from the current study extend effectiveness research on FBBTs to this important and high-risk group. The study highlights the utility of targeting parents as change agents for interventions with young children, and also discusses concrete examples of strategies to overcome barriers to access for families that have been historically underrepresented in intervention research (e.g., non-English speaking families, families with low income).
Incorporating DEI Informed-Frameworks and Increasing Access to Parent-Focused Interventions in Pediatric Psychology
Authors: Junger Katherine W. , Kahhan Nicole A. 
Published: September 2022

Objective: The ethical imperative to work with the parents, caregivers, and guardians (hereafter, parents) of pediatric patients has been highlighted. However, parents continue to be underserved in pediatric health care settings. The syndemics of COVID-19 and mental health further magnified health disparities and the differential impacts of social determinants of health on the wellbeing of those from minority or disadvantaged backgrounds. Therefore, dedicated efforts to developing holistic, culturally responsive, accessible, and effective interventions that meet the needs of the child and parents have never been more needed. Methods: Papers highlighting the role of pediatric psychology in working with parents while also emphasizing issues of diversity, equity, inclusion and access in screening and interventions were solicited and considered for this issue. Results: This Special Issue includes 11 articles highlighting efforts to (a) support parents’ unmet needs in medical subspecialty settings, (b) utilize a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) framework to develop and adapt interventions specifically designed to support these populations; and (c) improve access to behavioral health for vulnerable populations through different modes of care. This issue also includes a commentary outlining advocacy actions which can be taken by pediatric psychologists working with the families of transgender and gender diverse youth, with implications for advocating across populations. Conclusions: This issue highlights opportunities for pediatric psychologists to collectively and individually better support families and close health equity gaps through clinical and research avenues, as well as through opportunities for advocacy. Implications for Impact Statement The aim of this special issue is to further highlight the ethical imperative that exists for mental health providers in pediatric settings to address the mental health needs of parents, caregivers, and guardians, with an emphasis on diversity, access, equity, and inclusion. Pediatric psychologists can and should utilize existing skills to help all families reach their fullest potential through their involvement in research, clinical services, and advocacy efforts, with articles in this offering examples for implementation models.
Molecular interactions of FG nucleoporin repeats at high resolution
Authors: Ibáñez de Opakua Alain , Geraets James A. , Frieg Benedikt , Dienemann Christian , Savastano Adriana , Rankovic Marija , Cima-Omori Maria-Sol , Schröder Gunnar F. , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProteins that contain repeat phenylalanine-glycine (FG) residues phase separate into oncogenic transcription factor condensates in malignant leukaemias, form the permeability barrier of the nuclear pore complex and mislocalize in neurodegenerative diseases. Insights into the molecular interactions of FG-repeat nucleoporins have, however, remained largely elusive. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and cryoelectron microscopy, we have identified uniformly spaced segments of transient β-structure and a stable preformed α-helix recognized by messenger RNA export factors in the FG-repeat domain of human nucleoporin 98 (Nup98). In addition, we have determined at high resolution the molecular organization of reversible FG–FG interactions in amyloid fibrils formed by a highly aggregation-prone segment in Nup98. We have further demonstrated that amyloid-like aggregates of the FG-repeat domain of Nup98 have low stability and are reversible. Our results provide critical insights into the molecular interactions underlying the self-association and phase separation of FG-repeat nucleoporins in physiological and pathological cell activities.
Modular cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras for targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins
Authors: Pance Katarina , Gramespacher Josef A. , Byrnes James R. , Salangsang Fernando , Serrano Juan-Antonio C. , Cotton Adam D. , Steri Veronica , Wells James A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTargeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins via lysosomal delivery is an important means to modulate extracellular biology. However, these approaches have limitations due to lack of modularity, ease of development, restricted tissue targeting and applicability to both cell surface and extracellular proteins. We describe a lysosomal degradation strategy, termed cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras (KineTACs), that addresses these limitations. KineTACs are fully genetically encoded bispecific antibodies consisting of a cytokine arm, which binds its cognate cytokine receptor, and a target-binding arm for the protein of interest. We show that KineTACs containing the cytokine CXCL12 can use the decoy recycling receptor, CXCR7, to target a variety of target proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Additional KineTACs were designed to harness other CXCR7-targeting cytokines, CXCL11 and vMIPII, and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor-targeting cytokine IL-2. Thus, KineTACs represent a general, modular, selective and simple genetically encoded strategy for inducing lysosomal delivery of extracellular and cell surface targets with broad or tissue-specific distribution.
RNAa-mediated epigenetic attenuation of the cell senescence via locus specific induction of endogenous SIRT1
Authors: Mokhberian Neda , Sharifi Kazem , Soleymaninejadian Ehsan , Eftekhary Mohamad , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Farhadi Shohreh , Miwa Satomi , Ghanbarian Hossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSIRT1, a known regulator of cellular senescence, is a therapeutic target for age related disorders and its upregulation is a strategy to improve the cell therapeutic potentials of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). Knockdown of natural antisense transcripts via small activating RNAs (RNAa) is an emerging approach for safe and locus specific gene regulation. We have recently identified a natural antisense transcript at human SIRT1 locus (SIRT1-NAT), the expression of which shows a negative correlation with that of SIRT1. To test the hypothetic upregulation of SIRT1 via knockdown of SIRT1-NAT, in this study we designed a single stranded oligonucleotide (SIRT1-antagoNAT) against the antisense transcript, transfection of which efficiently knocked down the SIRT1-NAT and induced SIRT1 transcription in human MSCs. In addition, activation of SIRT1 transfection via knockdown of SIRT1-NAT in human MSCs enhanced their proliferation and differentiation potentials, reduced senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and reversed the senescence associated molecular alterations. Our findings introduce an RNAa mediated approach for epigenetic induction of endogenous SIRT1 and the consequent attenuation of senescence. Further studies should evaluate the therapeutic potentials of this approach against various age related disorders.
Self-assembly of new cobalt complexes based on [Co (SCN)4], synthesis, empirical, antioxidant activity, and quantum theory investigations
Authors: Ferchichi Amal , Makhlouf Jawher , El Bakri Youness , Saravanan Kandasamy , Valkonen Arto , Hashem Heba E. , Ahmad Sajjad , Smirani Wajda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe cobalt (II) complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of the cationic entities (3,4-dimethylaniline (1) and histamine (2)) with metallic salt CoCl2⋅6H2O and thiocyanate ion (SCN−) as a ligand in H2O/ethanolic solution and processing by the evaporation crystal growth method at room temperature to get crystals. The synthesized complex has been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. UV–Visible, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA analysis, and DFT circulations were also performed. The crystal structural analysis reveals that the solid (1) {[Co(SCN)4] (C8H12N)3}·Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n and the solid (2) {[Co(SCN)4](C5H11N3)2}·2Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m. Metal cations are joined into corrugated chains parallel to the b-axis direction in (1) and (2) by four thiocyanate anions. The crystal structures of (1) and (2) were calculated using XRPD data, indicating that they are closely connected to the DRX mono-crystal results. Different interactions pack the system into a ring formed by N–H⋯Cl and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. C–H⋯π and the π⋯π stacking of anilinuim ring for (1) and N–H⋯S intermolecular interactions for (1) and (2) increase the crystals' robustness. Hirshfeld surface analysis cum 2D fingerprint plots visualize the main intermolecular interactions with their contributions in the solid-state phase. The molecular geometries of both complexes obtained from the crystal structure were used for quantum chemical calculation. Here, frontier orbital analysis and electrostatic potential illustrate the chemical reactivities of metal–organic complexes. QTAIM and NCI analysis reveal the strength of interactions at the electronic level.
Causal connections between socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 in the USA
Authors: Banerjee Tannista , Paul Ayan , Srikanth Vishak , Strümke Inga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increasing use of machine learning models in computational socioeconomics, the development of methods for explaining these models and understanding the causal connections is gradually gaining importance. In this work, we advocate the use of an explanatory framework from cooperative game theory augmented with do calculus, namely causal Shapley values. Using causal Shapley values, we analyze socioeconomic disparities that have a causal link to the spread of COVID-19 in the USA. We study several phases of the disease spread to show how the causal connections change over time. We perform a causal analysis using random effects models and discuss the correspondence between the two methods to verify our results. We show the distinct advantages a non-linear machine learning models have over linear models when performing a multivariate analysis, especially since the machine learning models can map out non-linear correlations in the data. In addition, the causal Shapley values allow for including the causal structure in the variable importance computed for the machine learning model.