bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Stress, Coping, and Mental Health Among Older African Americans
Authors: Mouzon Dawne M. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives African Americans experience relatively low rates of mental disorder despite being disproportionately exposed to psychosocial stressors. Coping is an understudied area that may help explain the mental health resilience among this population. Methods Using data from the National Survey of American Life, I use negative binomial logistic regression to investigate the relationships between stress exposure/appraisal, ten coping responses, and mental health among older African American adults. Results Seven of 10 coping responses were predictive of psychological distress. I also found evidence of moderation for six responses. Active coping, instrumental social support, looking for something good in what has happened, and two measures of acceptance were protective against psychological distress associated with high levels of stress. Substance use generally exacerbated the association between stress and psychological distress. Discussion Problem-focused coping and acceptance responses were effective coping strategies for older African Americans under high levels of stress exposure/appraisal.
New fluorinated poly(pyridine amide)s derived from 2,6-bis(4-iodophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine by C–N coupling reaction
Authors: Xie Hui , Zhao Jing-Wei , Wei Mei-Hong , Huang Zhi-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ling 
Published: May 2022

2,6-Bis(4-iodophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine, as a new aromatic diiodide compound, was synthesized through a one-pot protocol by the sequential diazotization-iodination of 2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine with KI/NaNO2/ p-TsOH in acetonitrile at room temperature. A number of new aromatic fluorinated poly(pyridine amide)s containing 2,6-diphenyl-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridine units were prepared via a Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 catalyzed carbonylation polymerization of this diiodide, diamines and carbon monoxide in DMAc in the presence of PPh3 and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene. These new polyamides with inherent viscosities of 0.63–0.72 dL/g were amorphous and easily soluble in amide type aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. Thermal analysis data up to 800°C in nitrogen showed their high thermal behavior with 5% weight loss temperature of 428–498°C and char yield of 62–69%. Their limiting oxygen index of 42.3–45.1 showed that the resulting poly(pyridine amide)s could be classified as “self-extinguishing polymers”. Also, their thin films exhibited high optical transparency with a cut-off wavelength of 324–373 nm.
Report of the House of Representatives Select Committee on Mental Health and Suicide Prevention: Commentary on an expanded psychologist role and decreased GP/psychiatrist leadership in private multidisciplinary primary mental healthcare
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Pring William , Kisely Stephen R 
Published: May 2022

Objective This opinion paper discusses certain recommendations of the House of Representatives Select Committee on Mental Health and Suicide Prevention pertaining to psychology, GP and psychiatric professions. Conclusions The Committee’s recommendations may compromise patient care by undermining the ability of private sector medical specialists in providing direct clinical treatment and their role in the coordination of multidisciplinary teams. Expanding private psychological therapies without GP and private psychiatry support might increase the reliance on public hospital emergency departments and public sector mental health services for severe disorders and suicidal crises. Psychiatrists and GPs need to engage in more effective policy advocacy with the Australian Government, in order to maintain their roles in leading private sector collaborative multidisciplinary care.
The social networks of hospital staff: A realist synthesis
Authors: Blacklock Claire , Darwin Amy , English Mike , McKnight Jacob , Hinton Lisa , Harriss Elinor , Wong Geoff 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The social ties people have with one another are known to influence behaviour, and how information is accessed and interpreted. It is unclear, however, how the social networks that exist in multi-professional health care workplaces might be used to improve quality in hospitals. This paper develops explanatory theory using realist synthesis to illuminate the details and significance of the social ties between health care workers. Specifically we ask: How, why, for whom, to what extent and in what context, do the social ties of staff within a hospital influence quality of service delivery, including quality improvement? Methods From a total of 75 included documents identified through an extensive systematic literature search, data were extracted and analysed to identify emergent explanatory statements. Results The synthesis found that within the hospital workforce, an individual’s place in the social whole can be understood across four identified domains: (1) social group, (2) hierarchy, (3) bridging distance and (4) discourse. Thirty-five context-mechanism-outcome configurations were developed across these domains. Conclusions The relative position of individual health care workers within the overall social network in hospitals is associated with influence and agency. As such, power to bring about change is inequitably and socially situated, and subject to specific contexts. The findings of this realist synthesis offer a lens through which to understand social ties in hospitals. The findings can help identify possible strategies for intervention to improve communication and distribution of power, for individual, team and wider multi-professional behavioural change in hospitals.
Age-varying effects of repeated emergency department presentations for children in Canada
Authors: Rosychuk Rhonda J , Chen Anqi A , McRae Andrew , McLane Patrick , Ospina Maria B , Joan Hu X 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Repeated presentations to emergency departments (EDs) may indicate a lack of access to other health care resources. Age is an important predictor of frequent ED use; however, age-varying effects are not generally investigated. This study examines the age-specific effects of predictors on ED presentation frequency for children in Alberta and Ontario, Canada. Methods This retrospective study used population-based data during April 2010 to March 2017. Data were extracted from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for children aged <18 who were members of the top 10% of ED users in any one of the fiscal years 2011/2012 to 2015/2016 along with a comparison sample from the bottom 90%. A marginal regression model studied the age-varying associations on the frequency of ED presentations with province, sex, access to primary health care provider (for Ontario only), area of residence and lowest neighbourhood income quintile. Results There were 2,481,172 patients who made 9,229,156 ED presentations. The effects of sex, lowest income quintile, rural residence, access to primary health care provider and province on the frequency of presentations varied by age. Notably, boys go from having more frequent presentations than girls when aged ≤5 (i.e. adjusted intensity ratio [IR]=1.04 at age 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03,1.06) to less frequent for ages 8–11 years and beyond 14 (i.e. IR = 0.80 at age 15, 95% CI = 0.78,0.81). Adolescents aged ≥15 without access to a primary care provider had more frequent presentations compared to those with a primary care provider. Conclusions When examining the frequency of ED presentations in children, age-varying effects of predictors should be considered. Our more nuanced examination of age provides insights into how health services might better target programmes for different ages to potentially reduce unnecessary ED use by providing other health care alternatives.
‘Bed-space’ housing in Dubai: African migrants, ambivalence towards authorities and gender differences
Authors: Ngeh Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

In the literature on migration to the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), authors generally mention that labour migrants, predominantly from South and Southeast Asia, live in overcrowded, low-class accommodation, sharing rooms and ‘doing bed-space’, without giving a clear picture of what this practice entails. This paper is an ethnographic account of what it actually means to live in ‘bed-space’ accommodation. It explores how West African migrants cope with the difficulties of this type of housing. The paper is based on 6 weeks of fieldwork in Dubai and draws on Achille Mbembe’s ‘Provisional Notes on the Postcolony’. The analysis reveals that African migrants undermine and modify the established practices of exclusion that relegate them to urban slums through strategic responses to challenges in their everyday lives and that their experiences and responses vary in relation to gender.
The Hill We Climb: The Future of Women of Color Leadership Development
Authors: Carter Angela D. , Sisco Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

The Problem There has been sparse research on the intersectional nature of the leadership practices of women of color since the last special issue in Advances in Developing Human Resources (ADHR). Included here are insights and recommendations for HRD practitioners and scholars on developing women leaders of color. The Solution In this concluding article, we make recommendations for future theory and practice centered on leadership for women of color using Amanda Gorman's 2021 inaugural poem as a backdrop. Stakeholders In order to encourage further thought and action for researchers and practitioners in Human Resource development (HRD), this article is intended to provoke thought on women leaders of color and provide impetus toward future HRD scholarship.
Screening of Prognostic Biomarkers for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Liang Zhenzhen , Xue Chang , Chen Qing , Li Mengke , Li Guanghui , Feng Hao , Liu Yi , Liu Xiaodong , Ma Shumei 
Published: May 2022

Objective So far there are still no effective immediate-early markers for assessing the efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). To find effective biomarkers for accurate assessment of the efficacy of SBRT in patients with primary liver cancer, we conducted this study including retrospective part and prospective part. Material and Methods 589 patients with primary liver cancer were included at Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi Medical University from January 2012 to December 2018. Follow-up was conducted, clinical information and a total of 17 patients with 51 blood samples (before SBRT, before discharge and 2 months after SBRT) were collected. mRNAs profiles on 2 patients with 6 blood samples were detected by high-throughput sequencing, followed by qPCR verification on 15 patients with 45 blood samples. Results The commonly used serum biomarkers such as AFP, CEA, and CA125 shown low prognostic value in distinguishing survival group and death group, indicated by low AUC (less than .7) and Youden indexes (less than .5). Based on high-throughput sequencing of test group and qPCR detection of another verification group, we found 16 up-regulated and 12 downregulated genes after SBRT. Among them, ADIPOR1 and EPB42 showed significantly different between effective and ineffective group after SBRT, ROC suggested that based on the optimal threshold of .5838, ADIPOR1 shown a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.33% to distinguish effective from ineffective group. And EPB42 had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% at the optimal threshold of 1.3817. In addition, GSEA showed that high expression of ADIPOR1 was mainly related to Mismatch repair, Circadian rhythm, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, DNA replication, and Fanconi anemia pathways. Conclusion ADIPOR1 in whole blood is a promising candidate to act as prognostic biomarker for predication of SBRT outcomes in primary liver cancer patients.
Neurological and Inflammatory Effects of Radio Frequency and Cryoablation in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Model of Submucosal Nerve Ablation
Authors: Lett Kawasi , Zhang Yuying , Nishimura Nozomi 
Published: May 2022

Background Minimally-invasive ablation with radio frequency (RF) and cryoablation have been widely adopted to treat conditions with aberrant neural activity such as excessive mucus production in rhinitis, but neurological and inflammatory effects on treated tissues are poorly understood. Objective To gain an understanding of the physiological changes caused by nerve ablation using RF and cryoablation devices. Methods Using clinical devices for rhinitis treatment that ablate nerves with access from the nasal cavity, we applied temperature-controlled RF and cryoablation to rat sciatic nerves. To model the ablation through mucosal tissue similarly to the rhinitis procedure, RF ablation and cryoablation were applied through a layer of muscle. Results Both ablation techniques induced acute and sustained neurodegeneration visualized with histological sections at two days and one month after treatment. After both treatments, rats showed a change in muscle tone, but small increases in sensitivity measured by a von Frey test were only observed 2 days after cryoablation and one month after the RF ablation. Both treatments caused reductions in nerve conduction velocity at one month after treatment. Inflammation in treated nerves and surrounding tissues that persisted to one month. Conclusions The two neurolytic devices used in the clinic work similarly by axonal disintegration and which leads to disruption of electrical signals. The data suggest that these methods are effective methods of nerve ablation that could be used to treat diseases related to elevated neuron activity such as rhinitis.
Network Analysis of Depressive Symptomatology in Underweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , Serpa Barrientos Antonio , Vallejos-Saldarriaga José , Saintila Jacksaint 
Published: May 2022

Background: Depressive symptoms can affect people’s quality of life and social environment. In addition, in severe situations, they can lead to suicidal behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the differences in depressive symptoms in underweight and obese Peruvian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on secondary data obtained from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI), Lima, Peru. A sample of 10 053 participants was considered, of which 55.96% were women. Two Gaussian plot models were estimated and the levels of depressive symptomatology were compared between the 2 groups (adults with underweight and obese). Results: A total of 1510 (15.02%) were underweight adults and 8543 (84.98%) were obese adults. There were differences in the reporting of depressive symptoms in the underweight group; the most central items were “Depressed mood” (PH2), “Tiredness/low energy” (PH4), and “Psychomotor difficulties” (PH8). Conclusion: This study provides new evidence on the dynamic relationship between depressive symptoms according to the body mass index categories (underweight and obese) assessed.
The effect of multimedia and temporal contiguity principles on students’ attitude and retention in learning Japanese language
Authors: Ge Shigang , Hai Leng Chin , Baharudin Siti Mastura 
Published: May 2022

Nowadays many schools take the Japanese language as the second language, although there are similarities in the writing of the Japanese and Chinese language, the student’s learning outcomes are a challenge for the teacher. This study is to explore the effect of multimedia principles (multimedia, temporal contiguity) in slides on students’ attitude and retention towards Japanese vocabulary among 10-grade students in Chinese rural areas. Using quasi-experimental research to form an experiment group and control group for 10 weeks. 90 participants have randomly selected sampling from Wucuan town, Zunyi city, Guizhou province. 5 Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect the students’ attitudes and binary tests for the students’ retention. All the data were sorted out and input into the SPSS 26 version for description and inferential analysis. The results showed the students’ attitude and retention in EG are significantly different than the CG. Reveal the multimedia and temporal contiguity principles are a benefit to the students. Multimedia and contiguity principles used in the slides can change attitudes toward learning Japanese vocabulary and improve students’ retention.
Risk Factors for Femoral Cortical Button Malposition in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yuanjie Zeng , Xing Xie , Jing Wang , Xi Gong , Yanbin Pi , Yu Mei 
Published: May 2022

Background: Femoral cortical button suspension fixation is a popular and reliable technique for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR). Button malposition during graft fixation can lead to postoperative graft loosening. Purpose: To determine the risk factors of femoral cortical button malposition in PCLR when neither direct visualization nor intraoperative fluoroscopy is used. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Of the 206 consecutive patients who underwent PCLR without direct visualization or intraoperative radiographs in 2019 at a single institution, 182 met the selection criteria and were included in the study. The distance from the suspension button to the femoral cortex was measured on postoperative computed tomography scans. The button was considered malpositioned if its distance to the femoral cortex was ≥2 mm. We evaluated patient-related and surgery-related variables, including age, sex, concomitant ligament reconstruction, button type, and surgeon experience. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for button malposition. Results: The overall prevalence of button malposition was approximately 17.0% (31/182), and the mean distance from the button to the femoral cortex was 6.11 ± 5.82 mm in the malposition group. Male sex was the most significant risk factor for button malposition (odds ratio [OR], 13.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-111.17; P = .013). Other independent risk factors were low surgical volume (completing ≤3 procedures; OR, 6.41; 95% CI, 1.89-21.72; P = .003), concomitant ligament reconstruction (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.12-14.58; P < .001), and fixed-loop button (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.11-14.18; P = .034). Conclusion: Male sex, low surgical volume, concomitant ligament reconstruction, and fixed-loop button were independent risk factors for femoral cortical button malposition during PCLR.
Three-Dimensional Quantification of Cam Resection Using MRI Bone Models: A Comparison of 2 Techniques
Authors: Alter Thomas D. , Knapik Derrick M. , Guidetti Martina , Espinoza Alejandro , Chahla Jorge , Nho Shane J. , Malloy Philip 
Published: May 2022

Background: The current clinical standard for the evaluation of cam deformity in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is based on radiographic measurements, which limit the ability to quantify the complex 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of the proximal femur. Purpose: To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based metrics for the quantification of cam resection as derived using a best-fit sphere alpha angle (BFS-AA) method and using 3D preoperative-postoperative surface model subtraction (PP-SMS). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Seven cadaveric hemipelvises underwent 1.5-T MRI before and after arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty, and 3D bone models of the proximal femur were reconstructed from the MRI scans. The alpha angles were measured radially along clockfaces using a BFS-AA method from the literature and plotted as continuous curves for the pre- and postoperative models. The difference between the areas under the curve for the pre- and postoperative models was then introduced in the current study as the BFS-AA–based metric to quantify the cam resection. The cam resection was also quantified using a 3D PP-SMS method, previously described in the literature using the metrics of surface area (FSA), volume (FV), and height (maximum [FHmax] and mean [FHmean]). Bivariate correlation analyses were performed to compare the metrics quantifying the cam resection as derived from the BFS-AA and PP-SMS methods. Results: The mean ± standard deviation maximum pre- and postoperative alpha angle measurements were 59.73° ± 15.38° and 48.02° ± 13.14°, respectively. The mean for each metric quantifying the cam resection with the PP-SMS method was as follows: FSA, 540.9 ± 150.7 mm2; FV, 1019.2 ± 486.2 mm3; FHmax , 3.6 ± 1.0 mm; and FHmean, 1.8 ± 0.5 mm. Bivariate correlations between the BFS-AA–based and PP-SMS–based metrics were strong: FSA ( r = 0.817, P = .012), FV ( r = 0.888, P = .004), FHmax ( r = 0.786, P = .018), and FHmean ( r = 0.679, P = .047). Conclusion: Strong positive correlations were appreciated between the BFS-AA and PP-SMS methods quantifying the cam resection. Clinical Relevance: The utility of the BFS-AA technique is primarily during preoperative planning. The utility of the PP-SMS technique is in the postoperative setting when evaluating the adequacy of resection or in patients with persistent hip pain with suspected residual impingement. In combination, the techniques allow surgeons to develop a planned resection while providing a means to evaluate the depth of resection postoperatively.
Does Age Impact Risk of Morbidity and Mortality for Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair in the Era of Minimally-Invasive Repair?
Authors: Mack Shale J. , Till Brian M. , Thosani Darshak , Rahman Uzma , Worrell Stephanie G. , Grenda Tyler , Evans Nathaniel R. , Okusanya Olugbenga T. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Patients with paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) typically present in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Frequently, elderly patients are not offered elective repair due to historical data on high operative risk. Given the broad adoption of minimally-invasive (MIS) techniques, we hypothesized that risk would be more acceptable in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective study of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2016 to 2018 was performed. Patients were divided by age (50–79 and ≥80 years) and compared using Pearson’s Chi-squared and Student’s t-tests. Propensity score-match using age, race, gastroesophageal reflux disease, frailty, and 11 comorbidities was performed. Results: 10 456 patients were included, 90.4% 50–79 (9,454) and 9.6% ≥ 80 (1002). The cohort was predominantly female (76.3%). Younger patients had fewer overall comorbidities and lower likelihood of frailty (2.5% vs. 9.3%, P < .01). Younger patients had shorter lengths of stay (2 days vs. 3 days, P < .01), fewer overall complications (26% vs. 36.8%, P < .01), and major complications (20.8% vs. 29.2%, P < .01). In-hospital mortality was higher for those over 80 (0.3% vs. 2.3%, P < .01). Propensity matching selected 942 pairs. Age remained associated with more frequent minor complications (23% vs. 28.7%, P < .01), major complications (12.1% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.01), and in-hospital mortality (0.5% vs. 2.3%, P < .01). Conclusions: There remains a significant association between age and risk of minor complication, major complication, and in-hospital mortality for elective repair of PEH despite the broad adoption of MIS techniques. This data may support the elective repair of PEHs at a younger age.