bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study
Authors: Gharibpoor Faeze , Ghavidel-Parsa Banafsheh , Sattari Nazila , Bidari Ali , Nejatifar Fatemeh , Montazeri Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Fibromyalgia (FM) as a prototypical nociplastic pain condition displays a difficult therapeutic situation in many cases. Given the promising data on the effect of vitamin B12 in improving pain and cognitive functions in various nociplastic pain conditions, we aimed to determine the efficacy of 1000 mcg daily dose of oral vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of FM patients.

Methods
This open-label, pre-post study was performed on FM patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by a rheumatologist based on the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Patients were instructed to take a daily dose of 1000mcg vitamin B12 for fifty days. Outcome measures including the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 12-item Short-Form health survey (SF-12), and pain Visual Analog Scale (pain-VAS) were fulfilled by patients before and after the treatment.

Results
Of 30 eligible patients, 28 patients completed the study protocol. Patients were female with a mean age of 47.50 ± 8.47 years. FIQR scores in all domains improved significantly after treatment (total FIQR: 49.8 ± 21.86 vs 40.00 ± 18.36, p value < 0.01; function: 13.17 ± 7.33 vs 10.30 ± 5.84, p value: 0.01; overall: 10.32 ± 6.22 vs 8.25 ± 6.22, p value: 0.03; symptoms: 26.30 ± 10.39 vs 21.44 ± 8.58, p value < 0.01). Vitamin B12 also improved anxiety scores from 9.33 ± 4.30 to 7.70 ± 3.60, p value: 0.01. Depression, pain-VAS, and SF-12 didn’t improve following the treatment. The Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed the improvement in total FIQR score is not cofounded by the improvement of anxiety and patients’ baseline characteristics.

Conclusions
This study showed a short course of sublingual vitamin B12, 1000 mcg daily, significantly improves the severity of FM and anxiety score. We postulate that vitamin B12 has a strong potential to consider, at least, as adjunctive therapy of FM.

Trial registration
The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR.GUMS.REC.1400.197) in accordance with the World Medical Association’s code of ethics (Declaration of Helsinki, revised in Brazil 2013), and registered at an ICMJE and WHO recognized registry of clinical trials (www.irct.ir) on 28/08/2021 (registration number: IRCT20200920048782N1).
Thyroid Function and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Its Severity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Fang Tian , Chen Lanlan , Qiu Binxu , Lv Yonggang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral observational studies have confirmed the relationship between thyroid hormones and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but this correlation remains controversial. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on the largest publicly available summary datasets. Summary statistics with 49 269 individuals for free thyroxine (FT4) and 54 288 for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were used as exposure instruments. Genome-wide association studies of susceptibility (cases = 38 984; controls = 1 644 784), hospitalization (cases: 9986 = controls = 1 877 672), and very severe disease (cases = 5101; controls = 1 383 241) of COVID-19 were used as the outcome. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, and utilized MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and robust adjusted profile score (RAPS) for sensitivity analysis. Genetic predisposition to higher serum levels of FT4 within the normal range was negatively associated with the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.818; 95% CI, 0.718-0.932; P = 2.6 × 10−3) and very severe disease (OR = 0.758; 95% CI, 0.626-0.923; P = 5.8 × 10−3), but not susceptibility. There is no evidence that genetically predicted circulating TSH levels are associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity risk. Neither apparent pleiotropy nor heterogeneity were detected in the sensitivity analysis. In summary, we found that higher FT4 levels may reduce the risk of COVID-19 severity, suggesting that thyroid function testing may be required for patients with COVID-19.
Cortisol Stimulates Local Progesterone Withdrawal Through Induction of AKR1C1 in Human Amnion Fibroblasts at Parturition
Authors: Lu Jiang-Wen , Lei Wen-Jia , Ling Li-Jun , Wang Lu-Yao , Lin Yi-Kai , Zhang Fan , Li Meng-Die , Pan Fan , Wang Wang-Sheng , Sun Kang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fetal membrane activation is seen as being one of the crucial triggering components of human parturition. Increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, a common mediator of labor onset in virtually all species, is recognized as one of the landmark events of membrane activation. Fetal membranes are also equipped with a high capacity of cortisol regeneration by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), and the cortisol regenerated potently induces PGE2 synthesis, an effect normally suppressed by progesterone during gestation. There is no precipitous decline of progesterone synthesis in human parturition. It is intriguing how this suppression is lifted in parturition. Here, we investigated this issue by using human amnion tissue and primary amnion fibroblasts which synthesize the most PGE2 in the fetal membranes. Results showed that the expression of 11β-HSD1 and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1), a progesterone-inactivating enzyme, increased in parallel in human amnion tissue with gestational age toward the end of gestation and at parturition. Cortisol induced AKR1C1 expression via the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) in amnion fibroblasts. Inhibition of AKR1C1 not only blocked progesterone catabolism induced by cortisol, but also enhanced the suppression of cortisol-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by progesterone in amnion fibroblasts. In conclusion, our results indicate that cortisol regenerated in the fetal membranes triggers local progesterone withdrawal through enhancement of AKR1C1-mediated progesterone catabolism in amnion fibroblasts, so that the suppression of progesterone on the induction of COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis by cortisol can be lifted for parturition.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a global concern
Authors: Mortimore Gerri 
Published: September 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an umbrella term used to describe a build-up of fat in the liver. Gerri Mortimore provides an overview of the condition, its diagnosis, treatment and the role of the practice nurse in health promotion In the early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the condition does not cause damage and is reversible. If left untreated, it can develop into the more serious form of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), where the liver becomes inflamed, and over time can further develop into fibrosis and cirrhosis. Obesity is associated with the development of NAFLD. Any patient who falls in the obese category and/or has type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance and/or is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome should be tested for NAFLD. Nurses are often in the best position to prompt early investigation. Health promotion in the form of lifestyle advice is the mainstay of treatment, with an emphasis on weight reduction and healthy diet.
Does surgery change pelvic tilt?
Authors: Thummala Abhinav R. , Xi Yin , Middleton Emily , Kohli Ajay , Chhabra Avneesh , Wells Joel 
Published: September 2022

Aims Pelvic tilt is believed to affect the symptomology of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip by alterations in joint movement, dysplasia of the hip by modification of acetabular cover, and femoroacetabular impingement by influencing the impingement-free range of motion. While the apparent role of pelvic tilt in hip pathology has been reported, the exact effects of many forms of treatment on pelvic tilt are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surgery on pelvic tilt in these three groups of patients. Methods The demographic, radiological, and outcome data for all patients operated on by the senior author between October 2016 and January 2020 were identified from a prospective registry, and all those who underwent surgery with a primary diagnosis of OA, dysplasia, or femoroacetabular impingement were considered for inclusion. Pelvic tilt was assessed on anteroposterior (AP) standing radiographs using the pre- and postoperative pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joint (PS-SI) distance, and the outcomes were assessed with the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results The linear regression model revealed a significant negative predictive association between the standing pre- and postoperative PS-SI distances for all three groups of patients (all p < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in all three outcome measures between the pre- and postoperative values (p < 0.05). Conclusion There is a statistically significant decrease in pelvic tilt after surgery in patients with OA of the hip, dysplasia, and femoroacetabular impingement. These results confirm that surgery significantly alters the pelvic orientation. Pelvic tilt significantly decreased after total hip arthroplasty, periacetabular osteotomy, and arthroscopy/surgical hip dislocation. The impact of surgery on pelvic tilt should be considered within the therapeutic plan in order to optimize pelvic orientation in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1025–1031.
Postoperative outcomes of pedicle screw instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with and without a subfascial wound drain: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Helenius Linda , Gerdhem Paul , Ahonen Matti , Syvänen Johanna , Jalkanen Jenni , Charalampidis Anastasios , Nietosvaara Yrjänä , Helenius Ilkka 
Published: September 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate whether, after correction of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), leaving out the subfascial drain gives results that are no worse than using a drain in terms of total blood loss, drop in haemoglobin level, and opioid consumption. Methods Adolescents (aged between 10 and 21 years) with an idiopathic scoliosis (major curve ≥ 45°) were eligible for inclusion in this randomized controlled noninferiority trial (n = 125). A total of 90 adolescents who had undergone segmental pedicle screw instrumentation were randomized into no-drain or drain groups at the time of wound closure using the sealed envelope technique (1:1). The primary outcome was a drop in the haemoglobin level during first three postoperative days. Secondary outcomes were 48-hour postoperative oxycodone consumption and surgical complications. Results All 90 patients were included in the primary outcome analysis (no drain = 43; drain = 47). The mean total postoperative blood loss (intraoperative and drain output) was significantly higher in the group with a subfascial drain than in the no-drain group (1,008 ml (SD 520) vs 631 ml (SD 518); p < 0.001). The drop in haemoglobin level did not differ between the study groups over the postoperative timepoints (p = 0.290). The 48-hour opioid consumption was significantly higher in the no-drain group (2.0 mg/kg (SD 0.9) vs 1.4 (SD 0.6); p = 0.005). Two patients in the no-drain and one patient in the drain group developed a surgical site infection. Conclusion Leaving the subfascial drain out after pedicle screw instrumentation for AIS is not associated with higher postoperative haemoglobin levels. Patients treated without a subfascial drain needed 30% more opioids during the first 48 hours than those who had a drain. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1067–1072.
Mid- to long-term results of single-stage surgery for patients with chronic osteomyelitis using a bioabsorbable gentamicin-loaded ceramic carrier
Authors: McNally Martin A. , Ferguson Jamie Y. , Scarborough Matthew , Ramsden Alex , Stubbs David A. , Atkins Bridget L. 
Published: September 2022

Aims Excision of chronic osteomyelitic bone creates a dead space which must be managed to avoid early recurrence of infection. Systemic antibiotics cannot penetrate this space in high concentrations, so local treatment has become an attractive adjunct to surgery. The aim of this study was to present the mid- to long-term results of local treatment with gentamicin in a bioabsorbable ceramic carrier. Methods A prospective series of 100 patients with Cierny-Mader Types III and IV chronic ostemyelitis, affecting 105 bones, were treated with a single-stage procedure including debridement, deep tissue sampling, local and systemic antibiotics, stabilization, and immediate skin closure. Chronic osteomyelitis was confirmed using strict diagnostic criteria. The mean follow-up was 6.05 years (4.2 to 8.4). Results At final follow-up, six patients (six bones) had recurrent infection; thus 94% were infection-free. Three infections recurred in the first year, two in the second year, and one 4.5 years postoperatively. Recurrence was not significantly related to the physiological class of the patient (1/20 Class A (5%) vs 5/80 Class B (6.25%); p = 0.833), nor was it significantly related to the aetiology of the infection, the organisms which were cultured or the presence of nonunion before surgery (1/10 with nonunion (10%) vs 5/90 without nonunion (5.6%); p = 0.570). Organisms with intermediate or high-grade resistance to gentamicin were significantly more likely in polymicrobial infections (9/21; 42.8%) compared with monobacterial osteomyelitis (7/79 (8.9%); p < 0.001). However, recurrence was not significantly more frequent when a resistant organism was present (1/16 for resistant cases (6.25%) vs 5/84 in those with a microbiologically sensitive infection (5.95%); p = 0.958). Conclusion We found that a single-stage protocol, including the use of a high-delivery local antibiotic ceramic carrier, was effective over a period of several years. The method can be used in a wide range of patients, including those with significant comorbidities and an infected nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(9):1095–1100.
Mucin 1 aggravates synovitis and joint damage of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating inflammation and aggression of fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Zou Yaoyao , Zhang Xuepei , Liang Jinjian , Peng Liqin , Qin Jiale , Zhou Feng , Liu Ting , Dai Lie 
Published: September 2022

Aims To explore the synovial expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) and its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as the possible downstream mechanisms. Methods Patients with qualified synovium samples were recruited from a RA cohort. Synovium from patients diagnosed as non-inflammatory orthopaedic arthropathies was obtained as control. The expression and localization of MUC1 in synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes were assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Small interfering RNA and MUC1 inhibitor GO-203 were adopted for inhibition of MUC1. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was used as an activator of Rho-associated pathway. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, cell migration, and invasion were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Transwell chamber assay. Results A total of 63 RA patients and ten controls were included. Expression of MUC1 was observed in both the synovial lining and sublining layer. The percentage of MUC1+ cells in the lining layer of synovium was significantly higher in RA than that in control, and positively correlated to joint destruction scores of RA. Meanwhile, MUC1+ cells in the sublining layer were positively correlated to the Krenn subscore of inflammatory infiltration. Knockdown of MUC1, rather than GO-203 treatment, ameliorated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, cell migration, and invasion of rheumatoid synoviocytes. Knockdown of MUC1 decreased expression of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1. Treatment with LPA compromised the inhibition of migration and invasion, but not inflammation, of synoviocytes by MUC1 knockdown. Conclusion Upregulated MUC1 promotes the aggression of rheumatoid synoviocytes via Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), thereby facilitating synovitis and joint destruction during the pathological process of RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):639–651.
Effectiveness of mechanical cleaning, antibiotics, and induction heating on eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in mature biofilms
Authors: Pijls B. G. , Sanders Ingrid M. J. G. , Kuijper Ed J. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Aims Here we used a mature seven-day biofilm model of Staphylococcus aureus, exposed to antibiotics up to an additional seven days, to establish the effectiveness of either mechanical cleaning or antibiotics or non-contact induction heating, and which combinations could eradicate S. aureus in mature biofilms. Methods Mature biofilms of S. aureus (ATCC 29213) were grown on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) coupons for seven days and were subjected to the following treatments or their combinations: antibiotics, mechanical cleaning, or heat shock by induction heating of 60°C for one minute. Experiments were repeated at least five times. Results In the untreated biofilm, growth up to 1.8×1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 was observed. Treatment with ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, vancomycin, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin all with rifampicin gave 6.0 log, 6.1 log, 1.4 log, 4.8 log, and 3.6 log reduction in CFU/cm2, respectively. Mechanical cleaning alone resulted in 4.9 log reduction and induction heating in 7.3 log reduction. There was an additional effect of ciprofloxacin, flucloxacillin, and induction heating when used in combinations. There was no additional effect for mechanical cleaning. No bacterial growth could be detected after induction heating followed by seven days of ciprofloxacin with rifampicin. Conclusion Mechanical cleaning, antibiotics, and non-contact induction heating reduced the bacterial load of mature S. aureus biofilms with approximately 5 log or more as a single treatment. The effect of mechanical cleaning on mature S. aureus biofilms was limited when used in combination with antibiotics and/or induction heating. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(9):629–638.
Thermal insulator film with transparency to visible light using metallic nano-spheres
Authors: Shameli Mohammad Ali , Salami Pooria , Yousefi Leila 
Published: September 2022

A method to develop an insulator window film which is able to filter thermal emission while transmitting the visible spectrum of sunlight is proposed. The proposed film is constructed from engineered metallic nano-spheres randomly distributed in

S
i

O

2

, as a host medium. The performance of the designed film is investigated using both analytical models and numerical full-wave simulations. The analytical analysis shows that the thermal emission (the wavelengths in the range of 6–16 µm) is suppressed by more than 10 dB when going through the designed film, meaning that more than 90% of the thermal power is filtered by the film. This is while more than 50% of the visible light passes through the film. Similar results are obtained using numerical full-wave simulations. Moreover, to have a more comprehensive study on the ability of our method, the illuminance due to the insulator window film is calculated and compared with illuminance in different places. This comparison shows that the resultant illuminance in a typical room at the distance of 4 m from the designed window is in the range of illuminance required in a typical office room.
Trends of unmet need for family planning among currently married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Fentie Dawit Tefera , Bukayaw Yaynemarnesh Asmare , Lakew Ayenew Molla , Sisay Malede Mequanent 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Despite decreasing the percentage of women with unmet needs, Ethiopian women still have a higher unmet need for family planning due to different factors. Therefore, addressing the unmet need for FP provides an opportunity for policymakers in all sectors to respond to the expressed fertility preferences of their population. This study aimed to analyze trends and determinants of changes in unmet needs over time among married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.

Methods
The study used data from three consecutive Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Ethiopia (2005, 2011, and 2016). These nationally representative household surveys cover all Ethiopia region and city administrations with population health and other relevant indicators). The study included a total weighted sample of 8642 in 2005, 10204 in 2011, and 9824 in 2016 in the final analysis. Factors contributing to the change in unmet need rate were examined using logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis.

Results
Among married women, unmet needs declined from 33.8% (95% confidence interval (CI):32.8,34.8) in 2005 to 21.0%(95%CI:20.2,21.9) in 2016. In decomposition analysis, the difference in coefficients was responsible for 90% of the overall change in the unmet need rate. In particular, being at the age of 25–49 years, rural place of residence, agrarian regions, and having more than four children were significant predictors of the increase in unmet need rate.

Conclusions
Unmet needs among women have shown a remarkable decline over the last decade in Ethiopia. Policy and program interventions better targeting younger, agrarian regions and rural dwellers would help to maintain a declining trend in unmet needs.
Quality of work-life and turnover intentions among the Ghanaian nursing workforce: A multicentre study
Authors: Poku Collins Atta , Alem John Ndebugri , Poku Rasheed Ofosu , Osei Sandra Adwubi , Amoah Edward Obeng , Ofei Adelaide Maria Ansah 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Attrition of the Nursing Workforce from low-and middle-income countries to high-resourced settings is a reality that has escalated in the current Coronavirus pandemic due to varied reasons. With increased job stress resulting from the pandemic, the Quality of Work-Life of the Nursing Workforce is affected, with its effect on poor quality care to the client. This study sought to assess the perception of the Nursing Workforce about the Quality of Work-Life, and the factors that predict turnover intention among nurses in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive design involving multiple centres was used. The participants were made up of 348 Registered Nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare in five (5) hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolis. Data collection was done using questionnaires adapted from the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale and analyzed using frequencies, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression.

Results
The Registered Nurses perceived Quality of Work-Life as low; with close to half of them having a turnover intention. All the domains of Quality of Work-Life of the Nursing Workforce significantly correlated with Turnover intentions. Regression analysis showed that the number of years in a healthcare setting, general well-being, job control and satisfaction, and working condition of the Registered Nurse significantly predicted their turnover intentions at the p-value of 0.05.

Conclusion
The findings of the study have provided an understanding of the Quality of Work-Life, and factors that contribute to increased turnover intentions among the Nursing Workforce amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare systems must enrol in requisite programmes that provide psychological and social support through counselling to promote the Quality of Work-Life of nurses.