bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining super-light sterile neutrinos at Borexino and KamLAND
Authors: Chen Zikang , Liao Jiajun , Ling Jiajie , Yue Baobiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The presence of a super-light sterile neutrino can lead to a dip in the survival probability of solar neutrinos, and explain the suppression of the upturn in the low energy solar neutrino data. In this work, we systematically study the survival probabilities in the 3+1 framework by taking into account of the non-adiabatic transitions and the coherence effect. We obtain an analytic equation that can predict the position of the dip. We also place constraints on the parameter space of sterile neutrinos by using the latest Borexino and KamLAND data. We find that the low and high energy neutrino data at Borexino are sensitive to different regions in the sterile neutrino parameter space. In the case with only θ01 being nonzero, the 8B data sets the strongest bounds at $$ \Delta {m}_{01}^2 $$
∆

m
01
2

≈ (1.1 ∼ 2.2)$$ \Delta {m}_{21}^2 $$
∆

m
21
2

, while the low energy neutrino data is more sensitive to other mass-squared regions. The lowest bounds on $$ \Delta {m}_{01}^2 $$
∆

m
01
2

from the pp data can reach 10−12 eV2 because of the coherence effect. Also, due to the presence of non-adiabatic transitions, the bounds in the range of 10−9 eV2 ≲ $$ \Delta {m}_{01}^2 $$
∆

m
01
2

≲ 10−5 eV2 become weaker as $$ \Delta {m}_{01}^2 $$
∆

m
01
2

or sin2 2θ01 decreases. We also find that in the case with only θ02 or θ03 being nonzero, the low energy solar neutrino data set similar but weaker bounds as compared to the case with only θ01 being nonzero. However, the bounds from the high energy solar data and the KamLAND data are largely affected by the sterile mixing angles.
Time of self-harm presentations to hospital emergency departments: a scoping review
Authors: Evoy David Mc , Clarke Mary , Joyce Mary 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The time at which a self-harm presentation occurs has been shown to be a significant factor as to whether a patient receives a psychiatric assessment or not, which may benefit the patient’s future care. This scoping review sought to identify studies that report on the peak time of day for self-harm presentations to hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). This could help hospital managers to properly allocate the appropriate services for self-harm patients when they are needed the most.

Methods
A scoping review of the literature from the year 2000 until 30th June 2021 was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane library databases.

Results
There were 22 studies that were included for data extraction. The findings from 20 of these studies indicate that self-harm presentations tend to occur outside of working hours (09:00–17:00, Monday to Friday). The majority of studies found that the peak time for self-harm presentations was in the hours before and after midnight.

Conclusions
While this scoping review identified a satisfactory number of studies for data extraction, examination of time of day of presentation was a secondary outcome across most studies. Given that the majority of studies focused on adult samples, further research is necessary to investigate peak times for other age cohorts. More research on this topic is also needed in low- and middle-income countries. Consideration should be given to ensure that the necessary resources to treat hospital presenting self-harm are allocated outside of typical working hours.
Triboelectric surface field strength of wood after brushing
Authors: Leiter Lena Maria , Myna Roman , Frömel-Frybort Stephan , Liebner Falk , Wimmer Rupert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMechanical friction causes electrical surface charges on wooden surfaces. In this research, triboelectric activation of solid wood surfaces was investigated by using a wood brushing machine. The extent of activation and the potential influence of machine parameters, or the influence of various wood species are questions so far unanswered. The electrical surface field strengths were continuously detected by means of an electric field meter. Machine settings, such as feed rate and brush pressure, have been varied to better understand the effects on the resulting surface charges. Data showed that nylon and tynex brushes lead to strong positive electric surface field strengths while natural fibers lead to less positive surface field strengths. In contrast, steel wire brushes showed negative electrical field strengths for oak wood, slightly positive field strengths for beech wood and stronger positive field strengths for softwoods. Overall, the tendency that a higher brush pressure led to higher recorded electrical surface field strengths while a faster feed rate reduced the field strengths was observed. As these findings were influenced by wood species and brushing materials, a better understanding of specific triboelectric interactions is essential for future applications. Tailoring surface charges can be an asset for new technical applications, such as chemistry-free primer treatments prior to wood coating.
On Enriques-Fano threefolds and a conjecture of Castelnuovo
Authors: Martello Vincenzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet $$W\subset \mathbb {P}^{13}$$

W
⊂

P

13

be the image of the rational map defined by the linear system of the sextic surfaces of $$\mathbb {P}^3$$

P

3

having double points along the edges of a tetrahedron. Let $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
be the linear system of the hyperplane sections of W. It is known that a general $$S\in \mathcal {L}$$

S
∈
L

is an Enriques surface. The aim of this paper is to study the sublinear system $$\mathcal {L}_{\bullet }\subset \mathcal {L}$$

L
∙

⊂
L

of the hyperplane sections of W having a triple point at a general point $$w \in W$$

w
∈
W

. We will show that a general element of $$\mathcal {L}_{\bullet }$$

L
∙

is birational to an elliptic ruled surface and that the image of W via the rational map defined by $$\mathcal {L}_{\bullet }$$

L
∙

is a cubic Del Pezzo surface $$\Delta \subset \mathbb {P}^3$$

Δ
⊂

P

3

with 4 nodes. Interestingly, this fact appears to be related to a conjecture of Castelnuovo.
Most degenerative cervical myelopathy remains undiagnosed, particularly amongst the elderly: modelling the prevalence of degenerative cervical myelopathy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Grodzinski Ben , Stubbs Daniel J. , Davies Benjamin M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a poorly recognised form of spinal cord injury which arises when degenerative changes in the cervical spine injure the spinal cord. Timely surgical intervention is critical to preventing disability. Despite this, DCM is frequently undiagnosed, and may be misconstrued as normal ageing. For a disease associated with age, we hypothesised that the elderly may represent an underdiagnosed population. This study aimed to evaluate this hypothesis by comparing age-stratified estimates of DCM prevalence based on spinal cord compression (SCC) data with hospital-diagnosed prevalence in the UK.

Methods
We queried the UK Hospital Episode Statistics database for admissions with a primary diagnosis of DCM. Age-stratified incidence rates were calculated and extrapolated to prevalence by adjusting population-level life expectancy to the standardised mortality ratio of DCM. We compared these figures to estimates of DCM prevalence based on the published conversion rate of asymptomatic SCC to DCM.

Results
The mean prevalence of DCM across all age groups was 0.19% (0.17, 0.21), with a peak prevalence of 0.42% at age 50–54 years. This contrasts with estimates from SCC data which suggest a mean prevalence of 2.22% (0.436, 2.68) and a peak prevalence of 4.16% at age > 79 years.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the age-stratified prevalence of DCM and estimate underdiagnosis. There is a substantial difference between estimates of DCM prevalence derived from SCC data and UK hospital activity data. This is greatest amongst elderly populations, indicating a potential health inequality.
The effect of rugby training on indirect markers of gut permeability and gut damage in academy level rugby players
Authors: Chantler Sarah , Griffiths Alex , Phibbs Padraic , Roe Gregory , Ramírez-López Carlos , Davison Glen , Jones Ben , Deighton Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess indirect markers of intestinal endothelial cell damage and permeability in academy rugby players in response to rugby training at the beginning and end of preseason.

Methods
Blood and urinary measures (intestinal fatty acid binding protein and lactulose:rhamnose) as measures of gastrointestinal cell damage and permeability were taken at rest and after a standardised collision-based rugby training session in 19 elite male academy rugby players (age: 20 ± 1 years, backs: 89.3 ± 8.4 kg; forwards: 111.8 ± 7.6 kg) at the start of preseason. A subsample (n = 5) repeated the protocol after six weeks of preseason training. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS; range of thirteen standard symptoms), aerobic capacity (30–15 intermittent fitness test), and strength (1 repetition maximum) were also measured.

Results
Following the rugby training session at the start of preseason, there was an increase (median; interquartile range) in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (2140; 1260–2730 to 3245; 1985–5143 pg/ml, p = 0.003) and lactulose:rhamnose (0.31; 0.26–0.34 to 0.97; 0.82–1.07, p < 0.001). After six weeks of preseason training players physical qualities improved, and the same trends in blood and urinary measures were observed within the subsample. Overall, the frequency and severity of GIS were low and not correlated to markers of endothelial damage.

Conclusions
Rugby training resulted in increased intestinal endothelial cell damage and permeability compared to rest. A similar magnitude of effect was observed after six weeks of pre-season training. This was not related to the experience of GIS.
Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate ingestion strategies for protecting blinding
Authors: Gurton William H. , Matta Guilherme G. , Gough Lewis A. , Hurst Philip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a widely researched ergogenic aid, but the optimal blinding strategy during randomised placebo-controlled trials is unknown. In this multi-study project, we aimed to determine the most efficacious ingestion strategy for blinding NaHCO3 research. During study one, 16 physically active adults tasted 0.3 g kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 or 0.03 g kg−1 body mass sodium chloride placebo treatments given in different flavour (orange, blackcurrant) and temperature (chilled, room temperature) solutions. They were required to guess which treatment they had received. During study two, 12 recreational athletes performed time-to-exhaustion (TTE) cycling trials (familiarisation, four experimental). Using a randomised, double-blind design, participants consumed 0.3 g kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 or a placebo in 5 mL kg−1 body mass chilled orange squash/water solutions or capsules and indicated what they believed they had received immediately after consumption, pre-TTE and post-TTE. In study one, NaHCO3 prepared in chilled orange squash resulted in the most unsure ratings (44%). In study two, giving NaHCO3 in capsules resulted in more unsure ratings than in solution after consumption (92 vs 33%), pre-TTE (67 vs. 17%) and post-TTE (50 vs. 17%). Administering NaHCO3 in capsules was the most efficacious blinding strategy which provides important implications for researchers conducting randomised placebo-controlled trials.
Experience of office-based haematologists and oncologists with outpatient psycho-social support services for cancer patients with and without migration background in Germany
Authors: Riccetti Nicola , Hempler Isabelle , Hermes-Moll Kerstin , Heidt Vitali , Walawgo Thomas , Singer Susanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We compared the perception of office-based haematologists and oncologists regarding the availability of outpatient psycho-social support services (PSSS) for patients with cancer and a migration background, as well as their different experiences with these services.

Methods
Data were collected via an online survey addressing the doctors’ socio-demographic characteristics and their perception of-and experience with PSSS. The association between socio-demographic characteristics of the doctors and their experiences with PSSS was tested using Pearson’s chi-squared test and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
A total of 55 doctors were included in this study. More than three doctors in four reported non-sufficient presence of PSSS in foreign languages in their region; one in two reported that the services for patients with migration background should be improved. Most doctors reported missing PSSS in Turkish and Arabic in their region.
Doctors with less experience referred patients more often to PSSS hosted in patients’ associations (75% vs 25%; p = 0.02), than doctors with more experience. Doctors working in larger cities referred patients less often to PSSS in cancer counselling centres (12% vs 88%; p = 0.01), than doctors working in small or middle-large cities. Male doctors were more satisfied with the network of PSSS’ providers, than female doctors (mean score = 2.8 vs 2.2; p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that efforts should be made for a higher regional availability of overall and specific PSSS for non-German speaking patients (especially for Turkish- and Arabic-speaking patients). The experience with PSSS was associated with the doctors’ work experience and gender, as well as the location of the practice.
Body surface area-based kidney length percentiles misdiagnose small kidneys in children with overweight/obesity
Authors: Marzuillo Pierluigi , Carreras-Badosa Gemma , Martínez-Calcerrada José-María , Guarino Stefano , Palma Pier Luigi , Petrone Delfina , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Bassols Judit , López-Bermejo Abel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
We evaluated the diagnostic performance of height-, age- and body surface area (BSA)-based kidney length (KL) percentiles in the identification of at least one small kidney (KL < 3rd) and in the prediction of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or elevated blood pressure (BP) in children with and without overweight (OW)/obesity(OB).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 744 apparently healthy children (mean age 8.3 years) were recruited in a primary care setting. Clinical data were collected, and serum creatinine and KL were measured. Height-, age- and BSA-based percentiles of KL were calculated and the association of at least one small kidney per subject with reduced eGFR and/or elevated BP was explored by logistic regression.

Results
Two hundred fifty-seven out of seven hundred forty-four (34.5%) subjects were OW/OB and 127 (17.1%) had reduced eGFR or elevated BP. In separate analyses in children with OW/OB, the KL percentiles calculated on the basis of BSA were lower compared with height- and age-based KL percentiles. Consequently, the prevalence of a small kidney was significantly higher when evaluating percentiles of KL based on BSA compared with other percentiles. In logistic regression analysis, a small kidney was significantly associated with reduced eGFR and/or elevated BP only when using height-based KL percentiles. The KL percentiles according to BSA for the ideal weight (iBSA) showed similar performance compared with height-based percentiles. No differences in the diagnostic performance of different percentiles were found in children with normal weight.

Conclusions
BSA-based percentiles underestimate KL in children with OW/OB. In these subjects, the use of height-based or iBSA-based percentiles should be preferred.

Graphical abstract
Taurine protects R28 cells from hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced damage via regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism
Authors: Lu Wei , Yang Yuting , Gao Shunxiang , Wu Jihong , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxidative-induced damage and hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury are common causes of irreversible visual impairment. The goals of this study were to explore the effects of taurine on R28 cells under the two damage models and the underlying mechanisms. Low doses of taurine supplementation promoted cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), SOD levels, ATP contents and attenuated cytotoxicity and intracellular ROS generation of the R28 cells under the two kinds of damage. The expression level of GTPBP3, a mitochondrial-tRNA (mt-tRNA) modification enzyme that catalyzes the taurine involved modification, was decreased under the two damage and taurine could reverse the reduction. After knocking down GTPBP3, the R28 cells become vulnerable to damage. The viability, cytotoxicity, MMP and intracellular ROS level of knockdown cells changed more obviously under the H/R injury than those of control cell. We also found that knockdown of GTPBP3 significantly decreased mitochondrial energy metabolism by measuring the oxidative respiration rate by the Seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer. The protection of low doses of taurine disappeared on knockdown R28 cells, indicating that GTPBP3 is crucial in the protection mechanisms of taurine. However, the impacts of the reduction of GTPBP3 level can be reversed by relatively high doses of taurine, implying the protection effects of taurine were dose-dependent, and there were more complicated mechanisms remain to be explored. This study explored a new mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of taurine, which depend on the GTPBP3-mediated taurine modification of mt-tRNAs and the promotion of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Implementation of screening criteria for inflammatory bowel disease in patients with spondyloarthritis and its association with disease and endoscopic activity
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Jaiber , Parra-Izquierdo Viviana , Flórez-Sarmiento Cristian , Jaimes Diego Alejandro , De Ávila Juliette , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Ramos-Casallas Alejandro , Chila-Moreno Lorena , Pacheco-Tena César , Beltrán-Ostos Adriana , Chalem-Choueka Philippe , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Romero-Sánchez Consuelo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is little literature on the implementation of screening criteria for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). This study aimed to apply IBD screening criteria in a group of patients with SpA without IBD diagnosis and correlate them to endoscopic findings and disease activity. A total of 82 patients with SpA were included. The IBD screening test and ileocolonoscopy with digital chromoendoscopy with magnification and histological analysis were performed. The data were analysed with Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test and multiple correspondence analysis. The major screening criteria found in 48.7% of the patients were associated with a history of infection (p = 0.037). Rectal bleeding was associated with the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, acute inflammation, enthesitis and tissue architecture alteration in the ileum (p < 0.050). Diarrhoea was associated with a higher disease activity score (p = 0.02). Minor screening criteria were associated with painful inflammatory joint (p = 0.05), high disease activity score (p = 0.001) and high calprotectin levels (p = 0.050). Abdominal pain (36.9%) was associated with axial/peripheral compromise (p = 0.017), inflammatory back pain (p = 0.01), enthesitis (p = 0.021), higher disease activity score (p = 0.023) and acute ileum inflammation (p = 0.046). Diarrhoea of 4 weeks and abdominal pain were the most prevalent major and minor screening criteria, respectively, being related to early manifestations of inflammatory bowel compromise and higher disease activity score. This screening test grants a chance of opportune referral of SpA patients from rheumatology to gastroenterology.
Exploring the relationships between first impressions and MMI ratings: a pilot study
Authors: Klusmann Dietrich , Knorr Mirjana , Hampe Wolfgang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of first impression is well researched in social psychology, but less so in the study of OSCEs and the multiple mini interview (MMI). To explore its bearing on the MMI method we included a rating of first impression in the MMI for student selection executed 2012 at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (196 applicants, 26 pairs of raters) and analyzed how it was related to MMI performance ratings made by (a) the same rater, and (b) a different rater. First impression was assessed immediately after an applicant entered the test room. Each MMI-task took 5 min and was rated subsequently. Internal consistency was α = .71 for first impression and α = .69 for MMI performance. First impression and MMI performance correlated by r = .49. Both measures weakly predicted performance in two OSCEs for communication skills, assessed 18 months later. MMI performance did not increment prediction above the contribution of first impression and vice versa. Prediction was independent of whether or not the rater who rated first impression also rated MMI performance. The correlation between first impression and MMI-performance is in line with the results of corresponding social psychological studies, showing that judgements based on minimal information moderately predict behavioral measures. It is also in accordance with the notion that raters often blend their specific assessment task outlined in MMI-instructions with the self-imposed question of whether a candidate would fit the role of a medical doctor.
New algorithm for checking Pareto optimality in bimatrix games
Authors: Kicsiny Richárd , Varga Zoltán 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBimatrix games have had theoretical importance and important applications since the very beginning of game theory to date. Pareto optimal strategy vectors represent a reasonable and frequently applied solution concept (basically in the cooperative approach). Particularly, it often arises whether a non-cooperative solution can be improved in cooperative sense, i.e. it is Pareto optimal or not. However, in concrete cases it may be hard to determine the Pareto optimal strategy vectors or at least check the Pareto optimality of a given strategy vector. In the present paper, the Pareto optimality of the strategy pairs in general n × m ($$n = 2,3, \ldots$$

n
=
2
,
3
,
…

; $$m = 2,3, \ldots$$

m
=
2
,
3
,
…

) bimatrix games is studied. First of all an elementary proof is provided for a theorem, which makes the proposed Pareto optimality checking algorithm simpler. Then a nonlinear transform is proposed, which makes the algorithm even more convenient in the important case of 2 × 2 bimatrix games (and for certain other cases). Two numerical examples present the practical applicability of the checking algorithm. The problem of 2 × 2 bimatrix games can be solved even by hand. For larger games, numerous computational tools are available in the practice to apply the checking algorithm in exact or at least approximate way.