bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus in Cuba: A cross‐sectional serological and virological study in pigs and people occupationally exposed to pigs
Authors: Montalvo Villalba Maria Caridad , Snoeck Chantal J. , Rodriguez Lay Licel de los Angeles , Sausy Aurélie , Hernández López Dayesi , Corredor Marite Bello , Marrero Sanchéz Barbara , Hübschen Judith M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross‐sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and humans from different regions of the country, to identify risk factors for increasing anti‐HEV IgG prevalence and to characterize HEV strains. The presence of anti‐HEV antibodies was assessed by commercial ELISA in serum samples from the general population, farm and slaughterhouse employees, as well as pigs sampled in the three regions of Cuba from February to September 2016. Overall, individuals with occupational exposure to swine or swine products (70/248, 28.2%) were 4 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the general population (25/285, 8.7%; OR: 4.18; p < .001). Within the risk group, risk factors included age, number of years working in a professional activity with direct exposure to swine, geographic region and distance between residence and closest professional swine setting, while wearing gloves had a protective effect. Prevalence of total anti‐HEV antibodies in swine was 88.2% (165/187) and HEV RNA was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR in 9.2% (16/173) swine stools. All HEV strains sequenced clustered within genotype 3. Some strains clearly belonged to subtype 3a, while another group of strains was related with subtypes 3b and 3 k but partial HEV sequences did not allow unequivocal subtype assignment. These findings suggest that the high HEV exposure in Cuban individuals with swine‐related occupations could be due to enzootic HEV in certain regions, direct contact with infectious animals or their products as well as environmental contamination.
The Paton prize lecture 2021: A colourful experience leading to a reassessment of colour vision and its theories
Authors: Zeki Semir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this lecture, given in honour of Sir William Paton, a brilliant scientist and one of Britain's great patrons of biology, I give a personal account of the fundamental issues in colour vision that I have tackled since 1973, when I discovered a cortical zone lying outside the primary visual cortex that is rich in cells with chromatic properties. I do not provide an exhaustive review of colour vision but summarise how my views on colour vision and theories surrounding it have changed in light of that discovery.
High‐fat diet changes the behavioural and hormonal responses to water deprivation in male Wistar rats
Authors: Dos‐Santos Raoni Conceição , Ishioka Gabriel , Cognuck Susana Quiros , Mantovani Milene , Caliman Izabela Facco , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Antunes‐Rodrigues José 
Published: September 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the effect of an obesogenic diet on the control of hydromineral balance in rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The results showed that, when dehydrated, rats fed a high‐fat diet drink less water than their control‐diet‐fed counterparts. Changes in aquaporin‐7 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α expression in the white adipose tissue might be involved.

AbstractHigh‐fat diet (HFD) increases fat accumulation, glycaemia and blood triglycerides and is used as a model to study obesity. Besides the metabolic changes, obesity likely affects water intake. We assessed the effects of HFD on behavioural and hormonal responses to water deprivation. Additionally, we measured if the adipose tissue is differentially affected by water deprivation in control and HFD‐fed rats. HFD rats showed a decreased basal water intake when compared to control‐fed rats. When subjected to 48 h of water deprivation, as expected, both control and HFD rats drank more water than the hydrated rats. However, the increase in water intake was lessened in HFD dehydrated rats. Similarly, the increase in haematocrit in dehydrated rats was less pronounced in HFD dehydrated rats. These results suggest that HFD diminishes drinking behaviour. White adipose tissue weight, glycaemia and plasma glycerol concentration were increased in HFD rats; however, after 48 h of water deprivation, these parameters were significantly decreased in dehydrated HFD rats, when compared to controls. The increase in adipose tissue caused by HFD may mitigate the effects of dehydration, possibly through the increased production of metabolic water caused by lipolysis in the adipocytes. Oxytocin possibly mediates the lipolytic response, since both its secretion and receptor expression are affected by dehydration in both control and HFD rats, which suggests that oxytocin signalling is maintained in these conditions. Changes in mediators of lipolysis, such as aquaporin‐7 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α, might contribute to the different effects observed in control and HFD rats.
Brachial artery responses to acute hypercapnia: The roles of shear stress and adrenergic tone
Authors: Carr Jay M. J. R. , Ainslie Philip N. , Howe Connor A. , Gibbons Travis D. , Tymko Michael M. , Steele Andrew R. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Vizcardo‐Galindo Gustavo A. , Patrician Alex , Brown Courtney V. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Tremblay Joshua C. 
Published: September 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the contributions of shear stress and adrenergic tone to brachial artery vasodilatation during hypercapnia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
In healthy young adults, shear‐mediated vasodilatation does not occur in the brachial artery during hypercapnia, as elevated α₁‐adrenergic activity typically maintains vascular tone and offsets distal vasodilatation controlling flow.

AbstractWe aimed to assess the shear stress dependency of brachial artery (BA) responses to hypercapnia, and the α₁‐adrenergic restraint of these responses. We hypothesized that elevated shear stress during hypercapnia would cause BA vasodilatation, but where shear stress was prohibited (via arterial compression), the BA would not vasodilate (study 1); and, in the absence of α₁‐adrenergic activity, blood flow, shear stress and BA vasodilatation would increase (study 2). In study 1, 14 healthy adults (7/7 male/female, 27 ± 4 years) underwent bilateral BA duplex ultrasound during hypercapnia (partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide, +10.2 ± 0.3 mmHg above baseline, 12 min) via dynamic end‐tidal forcing, and shear stress was reduced in one BA using manual compression (compression vs. control arm). Neither diameter nor blood flow was different between baseline and the last minute of hypercapnia (P = 0.423, P = 0.363, respectively) in either arm. The change values from baseline to the last minute, in diameter (%; P = 0.201), flow (ml/min; P = 0.234) and conductance (ml/min/mmHg; P = 0.503) were not different between arms. In study 2, 12 healthy adults (9/3 male/female, 26 ± 4 years) underwent the same design with and without α₁‐adrenergic receptor blockade (prazosin; 0.05 mg/kg) in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind and randomized design. BA flow, conductance and shear rate increased during hypercapnia in the prazosin control arm (interaction, P < 0.001), but in neither arm during placebo. Even in the absence of α₁‐adrenergic restraint, downstream vasodilatation in the microvasculature during hypercapnia is insufficient to cause shear‐mediated vasodilatation in the BA.
Carbon Capture Performance Assessment Applied to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Under Part-Load Operation
Authors: Verhaeghe Antoine , Dubois Lionel , Bricteux Laurent , Thomas Diane , Blondeau Julien , De Paepe Ward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growing share of renewable energies in our electricity production, together with the still lacking storage capacity, strongly reinforces the need for more flexible electricity production units. In this context, combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) have a role to play, both in the current and future electricity production system due to their high efficiency, high load flexibility, and low CO2 emissions compared to other conventional thermal power plants. Nevertheless, bearing in mind our current challenges concerning climate change, the CO2 emissions of these CCGTs need to be reduced drastically. The amine-based absorption carbon capture (CC) process is currently the most mature and applicable CC technology. This process is known to require a considerable amount of thermal energy, degrading plant performance. However, to back-up renewable production, CCGTs will operate most of the time under part-load conditions. The impact of these part-load operations on the CC is still relatively unknown. Within this framework, this study aims to assess the performance of the CC process applied to a typical CCGT under part-load operation using specific simulation models. The CC plant model has been successfully validated against experimental data from a pilot-scale capture facility. Then, the CC plant has been scaled-up to the CCGT scale and the process has been optimized for each operating condition. The simulation results show that the specific reboiler duty increases for part-load operation, while the specific cooling requirements decrease. Moreover, the analysis of the yearly CCGT operation highlights a relative increase in CC energy penalty of 21% for an annual CCGT load factor of 0.5, impacting significantly plant performance. The next step will involve reducing this energy penalty.
A Stepped Shaft Labyrinth Seal Verses A Pocket Damper Seal: Leakage and Dynamic Force Coefficients Under Wet Gas Operation
Authors: Torres Jose , Andrés Luis San , Yang Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Modern turbomachinery favors pocket damper seals (PDS) which produce more effective damping than labyrinth seals (LS). Liquid tolerant compressors enable deep sea oil and gas (O&G) facilities; and seals supplied with a two-phase flow can have an impact on the stability and leakage of O&G turbomachinery. This paper details results for the leakage and force coefficients of a stepped shaft PDS and LS. The seals operate with speeds up to 5250 rpm and pressure ratios (inlet/exit) = 2.5–4.2. The seals are supplied with an oil-in-air mixture with liquid volume fraction (LVF) up to 10%. Both seals feature the same shaft diameter D = 127 mm, axial length L = 0.38D, four blades (and eight pockets). The LS has a 15% larger clearance than the PDS. Operating with pure gas, the PDS is 25% more effective to restrict leakage than the LS. The effective clearance of the PDS decreases as LVF increases whereas that for the LS increases. The direct stiffness (K) for both seals is small and becomes negative as LVF increases. The PDS produces greater direct damping (C) when operating with an identical LVF. The PDS C grows as the LVF increases. Predictions of leakage agree with measurements, whereas force coefficients are roughly half of the experimental results. Changes in LVF produced subsynchronous vibrations (SSV) in the PDS, but not so in the LS. The results are a reference for the design of seals operating with two-phase flow.
Interactive Evaporation of Neighboring Pendant and Sessile Droplet Pair
Authors: Paul Arnov , Dhar Purbarun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, we experimentally probe the vapor-mediated interaction behavior of evaporating sessile and pendant droplets in an interacting droplet (ID) system. For this purpose, a pendant droplet was introduced in the vapor diffusion domain of a sessile droplet and both were allowed to evaporate simultaneously. The evaporation dynamics were monitored using optical imaging techniques for varied separation (both horizontal and vertical) distances between them. Our observations reveal curtailed mass transfer rate from both the droplets although the evolution of droplet morphology (such as pendant droplet radius, contact radius, and contact angle of sessile droplet) at different stages of evaporation remain similar. The evaporative fluxes from these two droplets interact with one another and thereby reduce the diffusive mobility of vapor molecules in the liquid–vapor interface of both. This condition suppresses the diffusion mechanism and thereby impedes the evaporation rate. We show that the evaporation behavior for two droplets in an interacting droplet system is solely dictated by an effective external vapor concentration depending on the problem geometry. Therefore, to characterize the vapor diffusion domain we hypothesize a vapor front enfolding both the droplets and put forward a theoretical model by applying conservation of mass across it. We also propose a relationship to show the variation of the effective external vapor concentration with the relative separation distance between the droplets. The predictions from theoretical models are found to be in good agreement with our detailed experimental observations.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Convective Heat Transfer for a Composite Internal and Film Cooling Structure
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Zhu Huaitao , Xie Gongnan , Sundén Bengt 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper conducted a multi-objective optimization work for a composite internal and film cooling structure. The pitch-to-height ratio of the ribs, the inclination angle of the ribs, and the inclination angle of the film hole are chosen as the three design variables to enhance the heat transfer performance, improve the film cooling effectiveness and reduce the pressure loss of the internal channel flow. During the optimization process, the Latin hypercube sampling method is adopted to select 26 sample points from the design space. The response values with higher fidelity at the sample points are calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Among the 26 sample points, 21 are used to construct a surrogate model of each objective function while the rest of them are adopted to validate the correctness of the established surrogate model. By combining the Kriging surrogate model with a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm, the Pareto optimal front is obtained after the optimization process. Finally, comparison and analysis are conducted with respect to the cooling performance and mechanisms between the reference model and the selected three representative optimized models. Results show that the optimized three models can not only improve the film cooling effectiveness but also reduce the pressure loss of the channel flow and enhance the heat transfer. In addition, it is found that the optimized model induces an anticlockwise rotating vortex, which entrains more coolant near the target surface. The inclined ribs of the optimized models induce a secondary flow along the inclined ribs, which enhances the flow mixing and augments the heat transfer performance.
Geodynamics of the Russian Arctic Shelf and Relief-Forming Processes in the Central Kara Basin
Authors: Sorokhtin N. O. , Nikiforov S. L. , Ananiev R. A. , Dmitrevskiy N. N. , Moroz E. A. , Sukhih E. A. , Kozlov N. E. , Chikirev I. V. , Fridenberg A. I. , Koluibakin A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of the geodynamic evolution of the Kara–Barents Sea shelf and influence of structure-forming processes on the nature of relief formation. The aggregate data obtained allows us to assume that the relief of the western part of the Russian Arctic formed as a result of polycyclic processes of closing of the Proto-Atlantic, Paleoural, and Iapetus oceans. A systematic analysis of paleogeodynamic reconstructions of the evolution of the continental crust of the Arctic region makes it possible to identify with a high degree of reliability the spatiotemporal patterns of relief formation, predict areas of localization of hazardous phenomena on the seafloor, and substantiate geomorphological criteria for searching for hydrocarbon deposits in shallow bedding.
Effect and safety of diluted vasopressin injection on bleeding during robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy: a protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Park Soo Jin , Kim Yup , Lim Hyunji , Lee Seungmee , Yim Ga Won , Song Gwonhwa , Kim Hee Seung 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEven though the injection of diluted vasopressin into the uterus is expected to reduce intraoperative bleeding with decreased adverse effects during robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM), there is a lack of relevant trials to show its effect and safety. Thus, this study was designed to compare the effect and safety of vasopressin injection on bleedings based on dilution levels of vasopressin with constant volumes during RALM.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled pilot trial, where a total of 39 patients will be randomly divided into three experimental groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. All patients will be classified into the three groups based on the dilution level of vasopressin: group 1—a solution prepared by mixing 20 units of vasopressin with 100 mL of normal saline to make a total of 100 mL; group 2—a solution prepared by mixing 20 units of vasopressin with 200 mL of normal saline to make a total of 100 mL and group 3—a solution prepared by mixing 20 units of vasopressin with 400 mL of normal saline to make a total of 100 mL. During RALM, we will inject diluted vasopressin at different concentrations with a total of 100 mL. As the primary endpoint, estimated blood loss would be compared. As secondary endpoints, we will check the level of haemoglobin and haematocrit, operation time, amount of transfusion, and the period of hospitalisation. In addition, we will check other complications related to vasopressin injection.Ethics and disseminationThis pilot study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Seoul National University Hospital (No. H-2011-107-1174). All potential subjects will be provided written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at academic conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT04874246 and CKCT0006225.
Occupational therapy lifestyle intervention added to multidisciplinary treatment for adults living with chronic pain: a feasibility study
Authors: Nielsen Svetlana Solgaard , Skou Søren T , Larsen Anette Enemark , Polianskis Romanas , Pawlak Wojciech Zbigniew , Vægter Henrik Bjarke , Søndergaard Jens , Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of an occupational therapy lifestyle intervention for adults living with chronic pain.DesignThis one-group pre-post interventional study investigated the feasibility and outcomes of the Redesign Your Everyday Activities and Lifestyle with Occupational Therapy (REVEAL(OT)) intervention targeting meaningful activities and lifestyle.SettingsThe occupational therapist-led intervention was added to standard multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment at a Danish pain centre.ParticipantsOf the 40 adult participants aged 18–64 (mean 46.6±10.9 years old, 85% females, chronic pain duration ≥3 months), there were 31 completers.InterventionThree feasibility rounds were carried out in 2019–2021. The intervention focused on meaningful activities, healthy eating habits and daily physical activity. Methods of didactical presentations, group discussions, personal reflection and experiential learning were used in the intervention composed both of individual and group sessions.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were predefined research progression criteria evaluated by the red-amber-green method. Secondary outcomes measured pre-post changes in health-related quality of life and occupational performance and satisfaction.ResultsThe study demonstrated satisfactory programme adherence (77.5%), patients’ self-perceived relevance (97%), timing and mode of delivery (97%) and assessment procedure acceptance (95%). No adverse events causing discontinuation occurred. Recruitment rate (n=5.7 monthly), retention (77.5%) and the fidelity of delivery (83.3%) needed improvement. We observed no improvement in health-related quality of life (mean=0.04, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.12) but positive change in occupational performance (mean=1.80, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.35) and satisfaction (mean=1.95, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.84). The participants reached the minimal clinically important difference for occupational performance (≥3.0 points in 13.8%) and satisfaction (≥3.2 points in 24.0%).ConclusionsThe REVEAL(OT) intervention was feasible to deliver and beneficial for the participants’ occupational performance and satisfaction. The interventions’ recruitment, retention and delivery strategies need optimisation in a future definitive trial.Trial registration numberNCT03903900
Protocol of notable-HCC: a phase Ib study of neoadjuvant tislelizumab with stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yue Jinbo , Shi Xuetao , Cui Kai , Li Lei , Zhang Chengsheng , Sun Pengfei , Zhong Jingtao , Li Zhongchao , Zhao Lei 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLiver resection is the mainstay of curative-intent treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the postoperative 5-year recurrence rate reaches 70%, and there are no adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies recommended by major HCC guidelines that can reduce the risk of recurrence. In the recent decade, significant progress has been achieved in the systemic treatment of HCC, mainly from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapy. In other malignancies, ICIs in the neoadjuvant setting have shown better outcomes than in the adjuvant setting. On the other hand, the addition of radiation to ICIs incrementally improves the systemic response to ICIs. Neoadjuvant therapy of ICIs plus stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has shown promising results in several types of solid tumours but not HCC.Methods and analysisHere, we describe a phase Ib clinical trial of neoadjuvant SBRT plus PD-1 (tislelizumab) prior to hepatic resection in HCC patients. Prior to resection, eligible HCC patients will receive 8 Gy×3 fractions of SBRT together with two cycles of tislelizumab with an interval of 3 weeks. HCC resection is scheduled 4 weeks after the second dose of tislelizumab, followed by adjuvant tislelizumab for 1 year. We plan to enrol 20 participants in this trial. The primary study endpoints include the delay of surgery, tumour response and safety and tolerability of the sequential SBRT/tislelizumab. Other endpoints are the disease-free survival and overall survival rates every 3 or 6 months after the surgery.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (SDZLEC2022-021-01). The final results of this trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal after completion.Trial registration numberNCT05185531.