bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the accessibility and utilization of maternal and child health information by adolescent girls during pregnancy in the Ohangwena Region, Namibia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shatilwe Joyce T. , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: High teenage pregnancy and poor maternal outcomes amongst young mothers and their offspring have been reported in Namibia. Access to maternal and child health information (MCHI) can improve maternal outcomes. However, the level of accessibility and the utilization of MCHI in Namibia is not known. The main objective of this study is to assess the accessibility and utilization of MCHI by adolescent girls during pregnancy in the Ohangwena Region of Namibia.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study among pregnant adolescent girls attending clinic visits and healthcare workers in four different health centres in Ohangwena Region in Namibia. We collected data using a structured questionnaire. We employed SPSS version 25 for data analysis. A descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. A cross-tabulation model and the Pearson Chi-square model were used to determine the p-value. A multivariate regression logistic model was used to determine the association between different variables. Result: Overall, 64% of the participants had started their antenatal care (ANC) late in their 2nd trimester (4-6 months). In this study, 25.5% of the participants traveled a distance of over 15 km to access healthcare facilities. Also, it revealed that there was limited information provided on the importance of family planning and the tetanus toxoid vaccination. The findings also show that a majority (62% to 82.6%) of the participants did not receive MCHI through either leaflet, brochures, video clips, or posters. Lack of knowledge on MCHI and socio-demographic factors such as travel distance to facilities, and economic, religious, and social issues further contributed to the identified challenges. Conclusion: The study findings such as distance to nearest health facilities contribute limited information on maternal healthcare being provided. More research studies are required to explore strategies that may assist adolescent girls to access MCHI. This, in turn, will increase the utilization of maternal healthcare services such as ANC.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of placenta accreta
Authors: NIU LEI , CUI WEN , ZHU CHUNXIA , WANG MINGHAO , LIU YUANYUAN , WANG YONGKANG , QIAO FENGLEI , YUAN YONGSHENG , LIU LONGMEI , WANG FENG 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective. To analyze the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in suspicious cases for prenatal detection of placenta accreta(PA). Materials and Methods.A total of 50 placental MRI exams performed on a 1.5T scanner were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus.HASTE (half-fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo)and True-FISP (true fast imaging with steady-state precession) sequences were acquired.Findings at MRI were compared with the final diagnosis,which werre determined with clinical findings at delivery and pathological examination of specimens. Results. Of 50 pregnant women in the analysis, 33 required cesarean hysterectomy, 17 underwent cesarean delivery. MRI signs such as myometrial thinning, loss of T2 hypointense interface(loss of retroplacental clear space on US), heterogenous intraplacental sign, and intraplacental T2 dark bands were more likely to be seen in this group. In this group, the cases that were finally clinically and pathologically confirmed were 12, 16 and 22 cases of placenta accreta vera, placenta increta and placenta percreta respectively. Conclusion. MRI is particularly useful in cases where US is inconclusive and to assess the extent to which the placenta penetrates the uterine serosa and invades outward into surrounding tissues. MRI has become a routine examination for patients with suspected PA in clinical practice.
WITHDRAWN: An efficient feature selection and classification approach for an intrusion detection system using optimal neural network
Authors: Pran S Gokul , Raja Sivakami 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The intrusion detection system (IDS) has been developed as a robust method for investigating malicious activities by tracking suspicious attacks and triggering alerts. Intrusions and (or) risks, such as spoofing, traffic control, cyber-attacks, and other hazardous glitches breach the security principles of confidentiality, privacy, and accessibility, requiring the use of an IDS. It's more challenging to tell the difference between network traffic roles. It takes longer to tell the difference between natural and attacking behavior. To avoid this issue, an efficient feature selection and classification approach is proposed in this article for an intrusion detection system using optimal neural network. Before selecting the feature selection, the original data can be reduced with the help of a linear discriminant algorithm (LDA). The LDA algorithm is utilized to take less execution time for the whole detection system. After completing the reduction of the dataset, to choose features, the genetic particle swarm optimization technique (GPSO) is applied. It can manage linear and nonlinear based data, as well as redundant and unrelated features. Its efficiency is tested in the framework of IDS. The features selected by the proposed GPSO algorithm are used to construct an adaptive artificial neural network (AANN). AANN is utilized to identify normal activities and attacking activities. Moreover, the oppositional crow search algorithm (OCSA) is used for optimal designing of the attacking activities. Two well-known ID assessment datasets, like CICIDS 2017 and 2017-SUEE are used to test the success of the GPSO-AANN-OCSA-IDS methodology. The experimental results shows 98.83% and 99.64% accuracy based on the data set, such as CICIDS 2017 and 2017-SUEE for feature selection, and the classification accuracy is 98.14% and 97.96% respectively.
A new method for detection and classification of melanoma skin cancer using deep learning based transfer learning architecture models
Authors: Subramanian Balambigai , Muthusamy Suresh , Thangaraj Kokilavani , Panchal Hitesh , Kasirajan Elavarasi , Marimuthu Abarna , Ravi Abinaya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer that develops in melanocyte cells. It is one of the most serious kind of skin cancer, yet it is not as frequent as other types of skin cancer.It is very hard to detect, even under expert supervision. A Deep Convolutional Neural Network (D-CNN) Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) model, is proposed to improve the classification performance of skin lesions.The main disadvantage of using the deep learning methods is that more time is needed for training. Thus, with the help of transfer learning technique, the training time is reduced. The datasets utilized in the proposed strategy to train the model were obtained from International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC).Metrics like Accuracy (ACC), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Specificity (SPC), and Sensitivity (SE) were measured for the evaluation of the classification.The performance of the classification process done by the classifier model on a test data is represented using a confusion matrix. The proposed method of using transfer learning technique in Deep Convolutional Neural Network improved the accuracy of classification to 85% compared to 81% obtained from Convolutional Neural Network.
High Resolution 3D Shallow Crustal Structure of the Lembang Fault, West Java, Indonesia, produced with Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Syaifuddin Firman , Nugraha Andri D. , Zulfakriza Zulfakriza , Daryono Mudrik R. , Rosalia Shindy , Priyono Awali , Sahara David P , Widiyantoro Sri , Rasmid Rasmid , Supendi Pepen , Heryandoko Nova , Lesmana Aditya , Hidayat Wahyu , Rahayu Teguh , Librian Virga , Warnana Dwa D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Lembang Fault is located about eight km north of Bandung City, the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia, with about 8.79 million people (dated 2020). Several studies state that the Lembang fault is an active fault with a maximum magnitude of 6.5 to 7. In terms of earthquake disaster mitigation, distinguishing characteristics of seismic velocity structures around active faults is critical. This manuscript presents our new research on ambient seismic noise tomography around the Lembang Fault by deploying 73 local temporary seismometer networks to develop a 3D high-resolution shear wave velocity model. We conducted a design acquisition analysis to obtain optimal results using a ray density analysis approach to image the geometry of the Lembang fault with good illumination and resolution, which is essential for identifying shallow geological features. Our result showed that variations in velocity values, both laterally and vertically, were related to variations in the volcanic rock on the near-surface. The geometry of the Lembang Fault and the existence of a low-velocity zone are well-identified from the seismic velocity structure, which low-velocity zone area has the potential for amplifying earthquake waves during an earthquake.
Evaluation of A22 Analogs as Gram-negative Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Parhi Ajit K , Sun Yangsheng , Sagong Hye-Yeon , Rosado-Lugo Jesus , Datta Pratik , Zhang Yongzheng , Yuan Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
S-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) isothiourea (A22) and mecillinam are the only known antibacterial agents that act on the rod-shape maintenance mechanism of rod-like bacteria. This makes A22 an attractive lead compound for developing antibiotics with novel mechanism of action. In this study we expanded a limited structure activity relation (SAR) study previously reported and determined the effect of fused carbocyclic and heterocyclic analogs of A22 against three Gram-negative bacteria. Also, the efflux liabilities of the analogs generated here were examined in E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
A generalizable framework to comprehensively predict epigenome, chromatin organization, and transcriptome
Authors: Zhang Zhenhao , Qiu Yiyang , Feng Fan , Liu Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many deep learning approaches have been proposed to connect DNA sequence, epigenetic profiles, chromatin organization, and transcription activity. While these approaches achieve satisfactory performance in predicting one modality from another, the learned representations are not generalizable across predictive tasks or across cell types. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach named EPCOT which employs a pre-training and fine-tuning framework, and comprehensively predicts epigenome, chromatin organization, transcriptome, and enhancer activity in one framework, which is also generalizable to new cell/tissue types. EPCOT is the first framework proposed to connect all of these genome modalities and achieves superior predictive performance in individual modality prediction. EPCOT also maps from DNA sequence and chromatin accessibility profiles to vectors of generic representations which are generalizable across different modalities and characterize the connections among these modalities. Interpreting EPCOT model also allows us to provide a number of tools and services to the research community including mapping between different genomic modalities, identifying TF sequence binding patterns, and analyzing cell-type specific TF impacts to enhancer activity.
Upregulation of miR-192-5p inhibits the ELAVL1/PI3Kδ axis and attenuates microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: fu Xiao-Lin , He Fu-Tao , Li Mo-Han , Fu Chun-Yan , Chen Jian-Zhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and a sight threaten among adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a key role in DR progression. However, the role and mechanism of miR-192-5p in DR remain unclear. We aim to investigate the effect of miR-192-5p on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in DR. Methods: The expressions of miR-192-5p, ELAVL1 and PI3Kδ in DR samples and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were assessed using RT-qPCR. ELAVL1 and PI3Kδ protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. RIP and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the miR-192-5p/ELAVL1/PI3Kδ regulatory network. Cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were evaluated by CCK8, transwell and tube formation assays. Results: MiR-192-5p was decreased in DR patients and high glucose (HG)-treated HRMECs. In function, overexpressed miR-192-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HG-treated HRMECs. Mechanically, miR-192-5p directly target ELAVL1 and decreased its expression. We further verified that ELAVL1 bound to PI3Kδ and maintained PI3Kδ mRNA stability. Rescue assays demonstrated that the inhibitive effects of HG-treated HRMECs caused by miR-192-5p upregulation were overturned by overexpressed ELAVL1 or PI3Kδ. Conclusion: MiR-192-5p alleviated DR progression via targeting ELAVL1 and reducing PI3Kδ expression, indicating a biomarker for therapy in DR.
Assessing spermatozoal small ribonucleic acids and their relationship to blastocyst development in idiopathic infertile males
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Russell Stewart , Menezes Karen , Moskovtsev Sergey , Librach Clifford 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Clinical testing strategies for diagnosing male factor infertility are limited. A deeper analysis of spermatozoa-derived factors could potentially diagnose some cases of ‘unexplained infertility’. Spermatozoa carry a rich and dynamic profile of small RNAs, which have demonstrated potential developmental importance and association with fertility status. We used next-generation sequencing to correlate sperm small RNA profiles of normozoospermic males (n = 54) with differing blastocyst development rates, when using young donor oocytes. While ribosomal RNAs accounted for the highest number of sequencing reads, transfer RNA fragments of tRNAGly/GCC and tRNAVal-CAC were the most abundant sequences across all sperm samples. A total of 324 small RNAs were differentially expressed between samples with high (n = 18) and low (n = 14) blastocyst rates (p-adj < 0.05). 93 miRNAs were differentially expressed between these groups (p-adj < 0.05). Differentially expressed transfer RNA fragments included: 5’-tRF-Asp-GTC; 5’-tRF-Phe-GAA; and 3’-tRF-Ser-GCA. Differentially expressed miRNAs included: let-7f-2-5p; miR-4755-3p; and miR-92a-3p. This study provides the foundation on which to validate a clinical panel of fertility-related sperm small RNAs, as well as to pursue potential mechanisms through which they alter blastocyst development
Improved Photocatalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Modified Barium Titanate Nanocubes Under Ultraviolet Light Irradiation
Authors: Ali Mohd , Swami Payal , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Keshav , Choudhary Deepika , Guin Debanjan , Tripathi Chandra Shekhar Pati 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysts, which combine plasmonic nanoparticles with semiconductor photocatalysts have been proven to significantly improve the overall photocatalysis processs and enhance its efficiency. In the present report, we have synthesized barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanocubes and then we have decorated gold nanoparticles on the surface of barium titanate nanocubes (Au@BaTiO 3 ). The as-synthesized materials were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS),. We have investigated the ability of the developed nanostructure toward the degradation of organic pollutant rhodamine B in water. A comparison of the performances of BaTiO 3 nanocubes and Au@BaTiO 3 nanocomposite is also presented. The superior photocatalytic performance of Au@BaTiO 3 nanocomposite makes it an attractive candidate for environmental applications to treat water pollution.
An Intuitive Logic for Modeling Non-Local Hidden Variable Problems
Authors: Fox Keith , White Tyler 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a notion of an un-measurable state, which we call an Anti-state and derive a simple and intuitive logic for Anti-states. Anti-states are then used to generate structures, which we call Anti-Structures. Theorems 3.25 and 4.2 yield that Anti-Structures are able to model the context changes (and inconsistencies of measured values), occurring in quantum mechanics, where Kochen and Specker in [5] showed these were un-modellable with local hidden variables. In our Examples 3.28, 4.3, and 4.7 , we show that, respectively, the orthohelium experiment (outlined in Kochen, Specker [5]), wave functions, and entanglement all have Anti-Structure models. Our results give a good contrast to the results of Kochen and Specker [5], and establish a limitation on self reference for partial Boolean algebras. This limitation is not held by Anti-Structures in general, and also does not seem to be a limitation that should be put on our physics. The theorems and examples of this paper lead to a series of questions regarding the expressiveness and a measure of contrivance for models of quantum mechanics.
Gamification to Support Adherence to a Therapeutic Ambylopia Treatment for Children: Retrospective Study Using a Focal Ambient Visual Acuity Stimulation Game
Authors: Bocqué Catheline , Wang Jingyun , Rickmann Annekatrin , Julich-Haertel Henrike , Kaempf Uwe , Januschowski Kai 
Published: July 2022

Background
The gold standard treatment for amblyopia is patching the better eye. Improvement of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye is significantly impacted by the adherence to the patching therapy. It is known that the overall adherence is rather low.

Objective
This retrospective study evaluated whether an updated version of attention-binding digital therapeutic games based on the principle of focal ambient visual acuity stimulation (FAVAS) would result in improved patient adherence in 4- to 16-year-old patients with amblyopia associated with anisometropia or strabismus.

Methods
We analyzed electronically pseudonymized recorded data from patients treated with occlusion therapy and FAVAS therapeutic games. One group used an older version (2015) and the other group used a newer version (2020) that provided more attractive therapeutic games with tablet computer functionality. Objective adherence was calculated by comparing the number of minutes using the therapeutic games as monitored in the automatized logbook versus the prescribed number of minutes for using the games.

Results
Children in group 2015 (n=138) spent on average 2009.3 (SD 1372.1; range 36-5556) minutes using FAVAS; children in group 2020 (n=129) spent on average 2651.2 (SD 1557.1; range 38-5672) minutes using the newer version. Group 2020 spent on average 641.9 more minutes on FAVAS than group 2015 (t255.49=3.56, P<.001, d=0.45; 95% CI 0.69-0.20). Although patient adherence was very variable, compared to the 55.0% (SD 29.4%) in group 2015, it significantly improved up to 68.5% (SD 33.7%) in group 2020 (t254.38=3.48, P=.001, d=0.44; 95% CI 0.68-0.19).

Conclusions
FAVAS 2020, with improved gamification aspect as well as tablet computer functionality, increased adherence significantly compared to the earlier version of FAVAS 2015, indicating that FAVAS 2020 could be an effective approach to support adherence to amblyopia treatment.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00017633; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00017633
Edouard Charles Ernest Duvillier: the chemistry of oxoacids
Authors: Wisniak Jaime 
Published: July 2022

<p>Edouard Duvillier (1851-1904) fue un químico francés que estudió en particular la química de los oxoácidos y sus derivados. Este trabajo llevó a la síntesis de numerosos compuestos nuevos y determinación de sus propiedades físicas y químicas, entre ellos, los ácidos metiloxobutírico, <em>n</em>-etiloxobutírico, isooxovalérico, tioisovalérico, y tiooxobutírico, sus derivados, metil-, etil-, y fenilamido, and la etiloxobutiramida. Duvillier reportó la síntesis, composición y propiedades de una variedad de derivados de productos químicos pertenecientes a los grupos de la creatina y creatinina, entre ellos, <em>a</em>-oxobutirocyamina y cyamidina. También desarrolló un método eficiente para separar las tres aminas pertenecientes al mismo radical alcohólico.</p><div> </div>
Escritura de explicaciones a partir de experimentos en las clases de química
Authors: Bizzio Maria de los Ángeles , Guirado Ana María , Maturano Carla Inés 
Published: July 2022

<p>Para que los estudiantes aprendan a escribir según los modos típicos de cada disciplina es necesario generar propuestas áulicas orientadas al desarrollo de una alfabetización específica en cada asignatura. Esto involucraría a los docentes disciplinares como mediadores para favorecer el desarrollo de prácticas escritas complejas. En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia áulica, en la que la docente de Química en colaboración con un equipo interdisciplinario asume un rol mediador en la construcción de explicaciones vinculadas con experimentos en los que ocurren diversos fenómenos a partir de una reacción química. Se pidió la escritura de explicaciones promoviendo interacciones en el aula que facilitaran la tarea. La metodología utilizada consistió en un taller en el que estudiantes de educación secundaria de una escuela de San Juan (Argentina) realizaron experimentos y produjeron explicaciones escritas. Los resultados muestran que inicialmente escribieron recuentos del procedimiento y/o explicaciones incompletas. Ante estas dificultades, las herramientas brindadas en la interacción áulica los orientaron en la construcción colaborativa de nuevas explicaciones. La reflexión sobre las propias producciones escritas permitió un replanteo y una reescritura con mejoras en relación con el contenido de Química y la estructura de las explicaciones.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Caracterización sobre explicaciones de docentes en servicio acerca de la noción científica de disolución
Authors: Quintanilla-Gatica Mario Roberto , Mercado Baeza Marcelo Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

<p>En este trabajo presentamos y discutimos las directrices teóricas y metodológicas de una experiencia experimental con profesorado de ciencias en ejercicio de diferentes establecimientos educacionales de Chile, que tuvo por finalidad identificar y caracterizar las explicaciones sobre el modelo de disolución a partir de la elaboración de narrativas personales. Ello durante un curso de desarrollo profesional docente en el que se propició la reflexión sobre la relevancia del lenguaje en la interpretación de los fenómenos experimentales. Los resultados dejan en evidencia la coexistencia de tipologías diversas de explicación científica en tres niveles: el microscópico, el macroscópico y el simbólico, que se expresa en la emergencia de cuatro perfiles explicativos sobre el fenómeno de la disolución., lo que se debería en parte a la diversidad del profesorado que participó en el estudio, conocimiento restringido de la relevancia del lenguaje para comunicar ideas científicas y un acentuado énfasis en los procesos descriptivos y microscópicos acerca de las disoluciones.</p>
The deuteration of organic compounds as a tool to teach chemistry
Authors: Rosales Martínez Antonio 
Published: July 2022

<p>The deuteration of organic compounds has contributed to several fields of scientific knowledge, such as analytical, medicinal, organic chemistry, and polymer science. In this manuscript the concepts of kinetic isotopic effects, synthesis of deuterated compounds, and principal applications of deuteration are summarized to obtain a brief article that serves to teach multidisciplinary sciences to undergraduate chemists.</p><div> </div>