bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of disorders of Gut‐Brain interaction in Israel: Results from the Rome Foundation global epidemiology study
Authors: Sperber Ami D. , Freud Tamar , Abu‐Freha Naim , Shibli Fahmi , Brun Rita , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Dickman Ram 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundData for Israel from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study on the disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) were used to assess the national prevalence of all 22 DGBI, the percentage of respondents meeting diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, and the impact on burden of disease in Israel.MethodsThe survey was conducted through the Internet with multiple built‐in quality‐assurance techniques and included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and an in‐depth supplemental questionnaire.Key Results2012 Israeli participants completed the survey nationwide: mean age 44.6 ± 16.4 years, 50% females. The national distribution was very close to the latest Israeli census. 36.4% (95% CI 34.3, 38.4) met diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, with 4.4% for any esophageal disorder, 6.5% for any gastroduodenal disorder, 30.8% for any bowel disorder, and 5.3% for any anorectal disorder. The rates were higher for women. Having any DGBI was associated negatively with psychosocial variables (including quality of life, somatization, and concern about digestive problems), and healthcare utilization (including doctor visits, use of medications, and abdominal surgeries).Conclusions & InferencesThe results of this study provide the first in‐depth assessment of the prevalence and burden of Rome IV DGBI in Israel and facilitate comparisons with other countries. As 36.4% of the 2,012 participants met diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, and 23.5% of those met criteria for more than one DGBI, the burden of DGBI in Israel is high, indicating a need to focus on research and training for patient care.
Fungi as potential factors limiting natural regeneration of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in mixed‐species forest stands in Poland
Authors: Jankowiak Robert , Stępniewska Hanna , Bilański Piotr , Taerum Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDieback of youngQuercus roburseedlings can limit natural regeneration in mixed‐species forest stands in Poland. The aim of this study was to examine the role of fungi in the dieback of oak seedlings in central Europe. Fungi were isolated from the stems and roots ofQ.robur, from both healthy seedlings and seedlings with symptoms, that were sampled from four stands in Poland. In total, 111 distinct taxa were identified. Ascomycota was dominant, representing 95.6% of the isolates. Among the taxa identified,Alternaria alternata,Colletotrichum fioriniae,Colletotrichumgodetiae,Coniella quercicola,Diaporthe eres,Gnomoniopsis paraclavulata,Ilyonectria rufa,Mucor genevensis,Penicillium glandicola,Tubakia dryina, andUmbelopsis changbaiensiswere most frequently isolated, and were consistently found in stems and roots of both healthy and diseased plants. The community compositions of fungi in healthy and diseased stems were similar, althoughFusariumspecies, especiallyFusariumsp. 1 (FTSC 5) andF.sporotrichioides, were found mainly in seedlings with symptoms. The pathogenicity of the most consistently isolated species from stems and roots of diseased seedlings was tested onQ.roburseedlings.F.sporotrichioidescaused the largest lesions on inoculated seedlings. Six weeks after inoculation,D.eres,C.fioriniae,G.paraclavulata,T.dryina, andF.sporotrichioideskilled 0%–18.8% of seedlings, whileI.rufaandIlyonectriapseudodestructansdid not cause any lesions or other symptoms. This study is the first comprehensive report suggesting that massive fungal attack can lead to oak seedling dieback in mixed‐species forest stands in central Europe.
Culture and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Multiple Mechanisms and Policy Implications
Authors: Kitayama Shinobu , Camp Nicholas P. , Salvador Cristina E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has taken a massive toll on human life worldwide. The case of the United States—the world's largest economy—is particularly noteworthy, since the country suffered a disproportionately larger number of deaths than all other countries during the first year of the pandemic. A careful analysis may shed new light on the multifaceted processes contributing to this failure and help us prepare ourselves not to repeat the same mistakes in the future. Cultural psychology offers unique insights by highlighting mutually reinforcing interactions across collective, cultural, and psychological factors. Here, we review extant evidence and argue that various factors at these disparate levels converged to foster an independent mode of action, which, in turn, undermined effective coping with the infectious disease. The lack of effective political leadership exacerbated the resulting dire state of the country. Drawing on this analysis, we discuss several policy recommendations at collective, cultural, and psychological levels.
Average ordinary least squares‐centeredpenalized regression: A more efficient way to address multicollinearity than ridge regression
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Linjian , Li Sheng , Yin Fei , Liao Fang , Zhang Tao , Li Xiaosong , Xiao Xiong , Ma Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe developed a novel method to address multicollinearity in linear models called average ordinary least squares (OLS)‐centered penalized regression (AOPR). AOPR penalizes the cost function to shrink the estimators toward the weighted‐average OLS estimator. The commonly used ridge regression (RR) shrinks the estimators toward zero, that is, employs penalization prior in the Bayesian view, which contradicts the common real prior . Therefore, RR selects small penalization coefficients to relieve such a contradiction and thus makes the penalizations inadequate. Mathematical derivations remind us that AOPR could increase the performance of RR and OLS regression. A simulation study shows that AOPR obtains more accurate estimators than OLS regression in most situations and more accurate estimators than RR when the signs of the true s are identical and is slightly less accurate than RR when the signs of the true s are different. Additionally, a case study shows that AOPR obtains more stable estimators and stronger statistical power and predictive ability than RR and OLS regression. Through these results, we recommend using AOPR to address multicollinearity more efficiently than RR and OLS regression, especially when the true s have identical signs.
Bayesian subcohort selection for longitudinal covariate measurements in follow‐up studies
Authors: Reinikainen Jaakko , Karvanen Juha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose an approach for the planning of longitudinal covariate measurements in follow‐up studies where covariates are time‐varying. We assume that the entire cohort cannot be selected for longitudinal measurements due to financial limitations, and study how a subset of the cohort should be selected optimally, in order to obtain precise estimates of covariate effects in a survival model. In our approach, the study will be designed sequentially utilizing the data collected in previous measurements of the individuals as prior information. We propose using a Bayesian optimality criterion in the subcohort selections, which is compared with simple random sampling using simulated and real follow‐up data. Our work improves the computational approach compared to the previous research on the topic so that designs with several covariates and measurement points can be implemented. As an example we derive the optimal design for studying the effect of body mass index and smoking on all‐cause mortality in a Finnish longitudinal study. Our results support the conclusion that the precision of the estimates can be clearly improved by optimal design.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on uveitis patient care
Authors: Vu Alexander F , Kodati Shilpa , Lin Phoebe , Bodaghi Bahram , Emami-Naeini Parisa 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed practice of medicine and patient care worldwide. The impact of the pandemic on patients with uveitis is unknown. We developed the COVID-19 Practice Patterns Study Group to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on uveitis patient care.MethodsThis is a multicentre, cross-sectional survey of uveitis specialists practising worldwide. A web-based survey was distributed through the mailing lists of international uveitis societies to assess modifications in patient care, and use of immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs),aswell as considerations regarding COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsA diverse group consisting of 187 uveitis specialists from six continents participated in this survey. Most of these experts noted a disruption in clinical management of patients, including clinic closures or decrease in volume, patients missing in-person visits due to the fear of infection and difficulties obtaining laboratory testing. Most participants initiated (66.8%) and continued (93.3%) IMTs based on clinical presentation and did not modify their use of immunosuppressives. In cases of reported exposure to COVID-19 infection, most participants (65.3%) recommended no change in IMTs. However, 73.0% of the respondents did recommend holding all or select IMTs in case of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 vaccine was recommended universally by almost all the specialists and 52% stated that they would counsel patients regarding the decreased immunogenicity and effectiveness of the vaccine in immunocompromised patients.ConclusionsUveitis patient care has changed significantly since the beginning of the pandemic. The recommendations will continue to evolve as new data on IMTs and vaccination become available.
Individual, parental and built environmental features as influencing factors of active travel to school in northeast China: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yinuo , Liu Yang , Song Shenzhi , Gittelsohn Joel , Ouellette Miranda , Ma Yanan , Wen Deliang 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesActive travel to school (ATS)-associated factors had been studied in some developed countries but rarely in China. We studied the associated factors of ATS at individual, parental and built environment domains in northeast China.Design and participantsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4–6 grade students in 2017. Sociodemographic features and information of parents were collected using questionnaires, and SuperMap (a geographical information system software) was used to catch built environment features. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between multilevel factors and ATS.ResultsOur study sample comprised 3670 primary school students aged from 8 to 15 (boys=51.0%, ATS=48.8%). Perceived to be fat (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.55, p<0.05), feeling easy to walk for a short distance (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.20, p<0.05), mother unemployed (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.06, p<0.05), higher land use mix (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.37, p<0.001) and higher density of public transport stations (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.37, p<0.05) were positively associated with increased possibility of ATS, while higher household annual income (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.83, p<0.05) and possession of private vehicles (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.69, p<0.001) were negatively associated with possibility of ATS.ConclusionsThe significant factors associated with ATS were at every examined level, which implies multilevel interventions are needed to encourage ATS. Further interventions could focus on the children’s willingness to lead students to opt for healthy behaviours, and children from wealthier families should be encouraged to choose ATS. Also, the government should improve built environment walkability so as to encourage ATS.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experience and mental health of university students studying in Canada and the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Appleby Jennifer A , King Nathan , Saunders Kate E , Bast Anne , Rivera Daniel , Byun Jin , Cunningham Simone , Khera Charandeep , Duffy Anne C 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences and mental health of university students.DesignA cross-sectional study consisting of an electronic survey about students’ experiences and concerns during the pandemic and the associated impact. In addition to the quantitative analysis, free-text responses were extracted and analysed using a framework technique.SettingQueen’s University in Canada and the University of Oxford in the UK.ParticipantsUndergraduate students at Queen’s University and first-year undergraduate students at the University of Oxford were invited to complete the COVID-19 supplement survey. This study included data from 3013 Queen’s students as the primary focus and 339 Oxford students as a secondary comparison.ResultsFemales at Queen’s reported greater adherence to government recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (91.3% vs 86.7%, χ2 p<0.01) and were more likely to self-isolate (63.9% vs 57.0%, χ2 p<0.01) than males. A similar trend was seen among Oxford students. Students’ concerns were wide ranging including those related to their learning experience, finances and future academic and career prospects. 78.9% of Queen’s students and 50.4% of first-year Oxford students reported worries about the long-term impact on their academic and job prospects. A sizeable proportion of students also reported that the pandemic negatively impacted their plans to continue at university (29.4% of Queen’s, 14.2% of Oxford) and disrupted activities important to their mental well-being. Key themes identified in the qualitative component included the negative impacts of social isolation, challenging academic changes and disruption to support services and means of coping.ConclusionsOverall, findings underscore the importance of addressing areas of student concern and the aspects of student life negatively impacted by the pandemic in order to maintain student well-being and support a successful university experience.
Creating accountable hospital service areas in China: a case analysis of health expenditure in the metropolis of Chengdu
Authors: Cao Peiya , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Yang Yili , Pan Jay 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo delineate hospital service areas (HSAs) using the Dartmouth approach in China and identify the hypothesised demand-side, supply-side and region-specific factors of health expenditure within HSAs.DesignPopulation-based descriptive study.SettingWe selected the metropolis of Chengdu, one of the three most populous cities in China as a case for the analysis, where approximately 16.33 million residents living.ParticipantsIndividual-level in-patient discharge records (n=904 298) during the fourth quarter of 2018 (from 1 September to 31 December) were extracted from Sichuan Health Commission. Cases of non-residents of Chengdu were excluded from the datasets.MethodsWe conducted three sets of analyses: (1) apply Dartmouth approach to delineate HSAs; (2) use Geographic Information System (GIS)-based method to demonstrate health expenditure variations across delineated HSAs and (3) employ a three-level multilevel linear model to examine the association between health expenditure and demand-side, supply-side and region-specific factors.ResultsA total of 113 HSAs with a median population of 60 472 (ranging from 7022 to 827 750) was delineated. Total in-patient expenditure per admission varied more than threefold across HSAs after adjusting for age and gender. Apart from a list of demand-side factors, an increased number of physicians, healthcare facilities at higher levels and for-profit healthcare facilities were significantly associated with increased total in-patient expenditures. At the HSA level, the proportion of private healthcare facilities located in a single HSA was associated with increased total in-patient expenditure generated by that HSA, while the increased number of healthcare facilities in a HSA was negatively associated with the total in-patient expenditures.ConclusionHSAs were delineated to help establish an accountable healthcare delivery system, which serves as local hospital markets to provide in-patient healthcare via connecting demanders with suppliers inside particular HSAs. Policy-makers should adopt HSAs to identify variations of total in-patient expenditures among different areas and the potential associated factors. Findings from the HSA-based analysis could inform the formulation of relevant health policies and the optimisation of healthcare resource allocations.
Targeting pancreatic cancer by TAK-981: a SUMOylation inhibitor that activates the immune system and blocks cancer cell cycle progression in a preclinical model
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Schoonderwoerd Mark J A , Kroonen Jessie S , de Graaf Ilona J , Sluijter Marjolein , Ruano Dina , González-Prieto Román , Verlaan-de Vries Matty , Rip Jasper , Arens Ramon , de Miranda Noel F C C , Hawinkels Lukas J A C , van Hall Thorbald , Vertegaal Alfred C O 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the characteristics of high-density desmoplastic stroma, a distinctive immunosuppressive microenvironment and is profoundly resistant to all forms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to a 5-year survival rate of 9%. Our study aims to add novel small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of PDAC.DesignWe have studied whether TAK-981, a novel highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitor of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) activating enzyme E1 could be used to treat a preclinical syngeneic PDAC mouse model and we have studied the mode of action of TAK-981.ResultsWe found that SUMOylation, a reversible post-translational modification required for cell cycle progression, is increased in PDAC patient samples compared with normal pancreatic tissue. TAK-981 decreased SUMOylation in PDAC cells at the nanomolar range, thereby causing a G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitotic failure and chromosomal segregation defects. TAK-981 efficiently limited tumour burden in the KPC3 syngeneic mouse model without evidence of systemic toxicity. In vivo treatment with TAK-981 enhanced the proportions of activated CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells but transiently decreased B cell numbers in tumour, peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed activation of the interferon response on TAK-981 treatment in lymphocytes including T, B and NK cells. TAK-981 treatment of CD8 T cells ex vivo induced activation of STAT1 and interferon target genes.ConclusionOur findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of the SUMO pathway represents a potential strategy to target PDAC via a dual mechanism: inhibiting cancer cell cycle progression and activating anti-tumour immunity by inducing interferon signalling.
Public rescue tube deployment in Hawaii: protective association with rescuer drownings
Authors: Velasco Bridget , Galanis Daniel J , Bronstein Alvin C , Downs Monty 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the association between public rescue tube (PRT) flotation devices and fatal rescuer drownings in Kauai, Hawaii.MethodsWe reviewed Hawaii death certificate data from 1993 to 2017, sometimes supplemented with autopsy and emergency medical service reports, to identify fatal rescuer drownings. Incidents were analysed in relation to the initial 2008 deployment of PRT.ResultsOver the 25-year period, only 13% (228) of the 1750 identified drownings occurred in Kauai, but nearly half (46%, or 13) of the 28 rescuer deaths occurred there. However, only 1 of the 13 rescuer deaths in Kauai occurred after the 2008 deployment of PRT. The state-wide proportion of rescuer deaths in Kauai decreased significantly from 60% (12 of 20) from 1993 to 2007 to 13% (1 of 8) from 2008 to 2017. There were no apparent changes in the proportions of rescuer drownings in the other three counties of the state, where PRTs were essentially non-existent.ConclusionDespite valid concerns, we found no fatal rescuer drownings related to PRT use after their 2008 introduction in the county of Kauai. Instead, we observed a reduction in the number of rescuer drownings, and in their proportion of total drownings in association with the deployment of PRT. The findings of this study have the potential to directly impact ocean and other open water environment-related fatal drowning prevention policy and practice.
Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of a new hybrid NSAID tetrahydropyran derivative
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela Mastrangelo , de Oliveira Joyce Mattos , Ferreira da Costa Fernandes Thayane , Laureano-Melo Roberto , da Silva Côrtes Wellington , Capim Saulo Luis , Araujo de Almeida Vasconcellos Mário Luiz , Guimarães Marinho Bruno 
Published: January 2022

Evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro of cis-(±)-acetate of 4-chloro-6-(naphtalene-1-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) methyl 2-(2-(2,6-diclorofenylamine) phenyl (LS19). Male Swiss mice were analyzed in the paw edema, ear edema, and air pouch tests, and in vitro COX inhibition, cytotoxicity evaluation, and cytokine and nitric oxide determination tests. The compound showed effect on the carrageenan- and bradykinin-induced paw edema and capsaicin-induced ear edema tests. In addition, the compound was able to inhibit leukocyte migration to decrease the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and to increase the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The compound was also able to reduce levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cell line and to inhibit COX activity. LS19 did not induce any significant changes in the viability of RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrating safety for these cell lines. The compound LS19 did not reduce the production of gastric mucus and induced a smaller increase in the extent of gastric lesions than that developed by the administration of diclofenac. In summary, the new compound proved to be safer and it had additional mechanisms compared to diclofenac.
Concerning pion parton distributions
Authors: Cui Z.-F. , Ding M. , Morgado J. M. , Raya K. , Binosi D. , Chang L. , Papavassiliou J. , Roberts C. D. , Rodríguez-Quintero J. , Schmidt S. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnalyses of the pion valence-quark distribution function (DF), "Equation missing", which explicitly incorporate the behaviour of the pion wave function prescribed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predict "Equation missing", $$\beta (\zeta \gtrsim m_p)>2$$

β
(
ζ
≳

m
p

)
>
2

, where $$m_p$$

m
p

is the proton mass. Nevertheless, more than forty years after the first experiment to collect data suitable for extracting the $$x\simeq 1$$

x
≃
1

behaviour of "Equation missing", the empirical status remains uncertain because some methods used to fit existing data return a result for "Equation missing" that violates this constraint. Such disagreement entails one of the following conclusions: the analysis concerned is incomplete; not all data being considered are a true expression of qualities intrinsic to the pion; or QCD, as it is currently understood, is not the theory of strong interactions. New, precise data are necessary before a final conclusion is possible. In developing these positions, we exploit a single proposition, viz. there is an effective charge which defines an evolution scheme for parton DFs that is all-orders exact. This proposition has numerous corollaries, which can be used to test the character of any DF, whether fitted or calculated.