bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective, matched case–control analysis of tickborne encephalitis vaccine effectiveness by booster interval, Switzerland 2006–2020
Authors: Zens Kyra D , Haile Sarah R , Schmidt Axel J , Altpeter Ekkehardt S , Fehr Jan S , Lang Phung 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate effectiveness of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination by time interval (<5, 5–10 and 10+years) postvaccination.DesignA retrospective, matched case–control studyParticipantsCases—all adult (age 18–79) TBE cases in Switzerland reported via the national mandatory disease reporting surveillance system from 2006 to 2020 (final n=1868). Controls—community controls from a database of randomly selected adults (age 18–79) participating in a 2018 cross-sectional study of TBE vaccination in Switzerland (final n=4625).Primary outcome measuresFor cases and controls, the number of TBE vaccine doses received and the time since last vaccination were determined. Individuals were classified as being ‘unvaccinated’ (0 doses), ‘incomplete’ (1–2 doses) or ‘complete’ (3+ doses). Individuals with ‘complete’ vaccination were further classified by time since the last dose was received (<5 years, 5–10 years or 10+ years). A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness (VE: 100 × [1−OR]) for each vaccination status category.ResultsVE for incomplete vaccination was 76.8% (95% CI 69.0% to 82.6%). For complete vaccination, overall VE was 95.0% (95% CI 93.5% to 96.1%). When the most recent dose was received <5 years prior VE was 91.6% (95% CI 88.4% to 94.0%), 95.2% (95% CI 92.4% to 97.0%) when the most recent dose was received 5–10 years prior, and 98.5% (95% CI 96.8% to 99.2%) when the most recent dose was received 10+ years prior.ConclusionsThat VE does not decrease among completely vaccinated individuals over 10+ years since last vaccination supports the longevity of the protective response following complete TBE vaccination. Our findings support the effectiveness of 10-year TBE booster intervals currently used in Switzerland.
Association between social supports and depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Diress Alen Gedefaw , Endalifer Melese Linger , Addisu Amanuel , Mengist Belayneh 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe adverse effects of poor social support on quality of life and adherence to treatment are established. However, the relationship between social support and depression is not well understood. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to examine the association between social support and depressive symptoms among type 2 patients with diabetes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, African Journals Online, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases. Some studies were also identified through manual Google search and Google scholar.Eligibility criteriaWe systematically searched electronic databases for studies published up to October 2020. Only English-language articles were included.Data extraction and synthesisScreening, data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by two independent reviewers. A random-effect model was applied to estimate ORs with 95% CIs. The Higgins I2test was used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. The risk of publication bias was estimated using the Egger test. Leave-one-out analysis was done. Data were analysed using Stata V.11.ResultsSeven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings from included studies revealed that poor social support increases the odds of depression among patients with diabetes (adjusted OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.43, p=0.003). There was no risk of publication bias (p=0.064), and heterogeneity was substantial (I2=70.7%). The leave-one-out analysis confirmed the consistency of the findings.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis revealed that patients who had poor social support were significantly associated with an increased level of depression. Additional studies exploring factors that might moderate or mediate this association are needed. Targeted interventions for comorbid depression should be implemented in clinical practice.Systematic review registrationWe have submitted the protocol for registration at the PROSPERO on 9 October 2020. But we have not yet received a registration number.
Development of a multicomponent intervention to increase parental vaccine confidence and young people’s access to the universal HPV vaccination programme in England: protocol for a co-design study
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Chantler Tracey , Denford Sarah , Finn Adam , Hickman Matthew , Mounier-Jack Sandra , Roderick Marion , Tucker Leanne , Yates Julie , Audrey Suzanne 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPersistent infection with HPV can result in cancers affecting men and, especially, women. Lower uptake exists by area and different population groups. Increasing parental confidence about, and adolescent access to, the universal HPV vaccination programme may help reduce inequalities in uptake. However, the evidence-base for interventions to address uptake for schools-based HPV vaccination programmes is currently lacking. This study protocol outlines how a multicomponent intervention to address this evidence gap will be codesigned with parents.Methods and analysisThe proposed research will be undertaken in localities covered by two immunisation teams in London and the south-west of England. The ‘person-based approach’ to intervention development will be followed. In the first phase, an exploratory qualitative study will be undertaken with key stakeholders (n=8) and parents (n=40) who did not provide consent for their adolescent child to be vaccinated. During the interviews, parents’ views on ways to improve parental confidence about, and adolescents’ access to, HPV vaccination will be sought. The findings will be used to inform the co-design of a preliminary plan for a targeted, multicomponent intervention. In the second phase, at least two parent working groups (n=8) will be convened and will work with creative designers to co-design communication materials aimed at increasing parents’ confidence in vaccination. At least two workshops with each parent group will be organised to obtain feedback on the intervention plan and communication materials to ensure they are fit for purpose. These findings will inform a protocol for a future study to test the effectiveness of the intervention at increasing HPV vaccination uptake.Ethics and disseminationThe National Health Services Research Ethics Service and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Observational / Interventions Research Ethics Committee provided approvals for the study (reference 22/SW/0003 & 26902, respectively). We will work with parent advisory groups to inform our dissemination strategy and co-present our findings (eg, at community events or through social media). We will disseminate our findings with academics and healthcare professionals through webinars and academic conferences, as well as peer-reviewed publications.
Echoes from asymmetric wormholes and black bounce
Authors: Ou Min-Yan , Lai Meng-Yun , Huang Hyat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe time evolutions of the field perturbations in certain asymmetric wormhole and black bounce backgrounds are investigated. It is found that the echo signals arise only in some wormhole cases. We examine the influences of these wormhole echoes by their mass and charge, as well as the asymmetry of spacetime. The results show that a massive wormhole with smaller charge is easier to observe echo signals. Particularly, the asymmetry of wormhole spacetime causes lower frequency echoes. Besides, analytical results show that the negative regions of effective potentials are enclosed by the black hole horizons for a class of symmetric black bounce metrics. This suggests the stability of these symmetric metrics.
Treatment of tantalum using argon glow discharge plasma for applied purposes
Authors: Talab A. A. , Abido AMR M. N. , Ismail M. I. 
Published: May 2022

The main purpose of this work is to use a low-cost DC plasma discharge to enhance the material properties. The source of the DC glow discharge plasma was the Batorm device. By using a low-pressure argon gas, the best operating conditions of the plasma were obtained at a pressure [Formula: see text] and a breakdown voltage of 160 V. Electrical parameters of the plasma have been experimentally estimated at two different pressures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Tantalum material has been chosen to be treated along this work due to its great importance in industry. In addition, it is used as a cathode for the ion source inside the Egyptian cyclotron at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA). A U-shaped tantalum sample, exactly like the cyclotron filament, was exposed to plasma created from [Formula: see text] and 250 V for 30 min. At these low conditions, the obtained results were promising where the surface treatment of the sample caused cleaning and increased its hardness.
Preparation of Ba(1−x)SrxTiO3 fiber arrays and influence on its dielectric properties
Authors: He Yike , Han Zhenyu , Zhang Yi , Wang Baoxuan , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Guishan 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]TiO3 (BST) fiber arrays in an orderly manner were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The arrangement of the fiber arrays and their dielectric properties at different rotation speeds were investigated. The microstructure, phase composition and dielectric properties of the fabricated fiber arrays were detected via field-emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and automatic component analyzer. The results indicated that the orientation of the BST fiber arrays could be affected by the drum rotational speed variation of the roller receiver. The orientation degree of the BST fiber arrays increased and the diameter of the BST fiber arrays decreased with the increasing of the drum rotational speed. With the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone at 8% and the speed of 1000 r/min, the orientation degree of the BST fiber arrays gets a better state and the best dielectric constant of 104. Moreover, the ferroelectric performance of BST fiber arrays in ambient and cryogenic environments has a maxima Curie temperature of [Formula: see text]C.
Reflections of Community Engagement and Wisdom in the Works of Information Professionals
Authors: Qayyum Muhammad Asim , Khan Arif , Redshaw Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Goal/purpose: This study focused on information professionals working in the GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) sector, and how information was sought and used by them for community engagement and to attain wiser outcomes. The primary purpose was to investigate the information collection, use, reflection and values of professionals in the GLAM sector to determine if wise actions occur that may potentially benefit the community. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used to conduct this research using the wise action model’s (WAM) wisdom characteristics. Data were collected from information professionals working in managerial positions in the GLAM sector using in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: The findings indicate that while most participants exhibit some elements of wisdom, there are gaps that need to be addressed before wise functioning is deemed applicable in their roles. While knowledgeable information acquisition and community engagement were very visible, more emphasis on values and stakeholder well-being is recommended for wiser considerations. Originality/Value: Study of wisdom certainly deserves more attention in knowledge management research as previous studies have indicated. With increasing stresses in the lives of professionals, it is now more important than ever to gain an understanding of how much wisdom prevails in organisational functioning to improve the works of individuals and consequently improve the well-being of impacted communities.
Q-Learning for Shift-Reduce Parsing in Indonesian Tree-LSTM-Based Text Generation
Authors: Hastuti Rochana Prih , Suyanto Yohanes , Sari Anny Kartika 
Published: May 2022

Tree-LSTM algorithm accommodates tree structure processing to extract information outside the linear sequence pattern. The use of Tree-LSTM in text generation problems requires the help of an external parser at each generation iteration. Developing a good parser demands the representation of complex features and relies heavily on the grammar of the corpus. The limited corpus results in an insufficient number of vocabs for a grammar-based parser, making it less natural to link the text generation process. This research aims to solve the problem of limited corpus by proposing the use of a Reinforcement Learning algorithm in the formation of constituency trees, which link the sentence generation process given a seed phrase as the input in the Tree-LSTM model. The tree production process is modeled as a Markov’s decision process, where a set of states consists of word embedding vectors, and a set of actions of {Shift, Reduce}. The Deep Q-Network model as an approximator of the Q-Learning algorithm is trained to obtain optimal weights in representing the Q-value function.
The test results on perplexity-based evaluation show that the proposed Tree-LSTM and Q-Learning combination model achieves values 9.60 and 4.60 for two kinds of corpus with 205 and 1,000 sentences, respectively, better than the Shift-All model. Human evaluation of Friedman test and posthoc analysis showed that all five respondents tended to give the same assessment for the combination model of Tree-LSTM and Q-Learning, which on average outperforms two other nongrammar models, i.e., Shift-All and Reduce-All.
Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of LAG3 in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Andrews Lawrence P. , Cillo Anthony R. , Karapetyan Lilit , Kirkwood John M. , Workman Creg J. , Vignali Dario A.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting coinhibitory receptors has been highly successful in treating a wide variety of malignancies; however, only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses. The first FDA-approved immunotherapeutics targeting coinhibitory receptors PD1 and CTLA4, alone or in combination, significantly improved survival but were also accompanied by substantial toxicity in combination. The third FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor targets LAG3, a coinhibitory receptor expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially in settings of long-term antigenic stimulation, such as chronic viral infection or cancer. Mechanistically, LAG3 expression limits both the expansion of activated T cells and the size of the memory pool, suggesting that LAG3 may be a promising target for immunotherapy. Importantly, the mechanism(s) by which LAG3 contributes to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion may be distinct from those governed by PD1, indicating that the combination of anti-LAG3 and anti-PD1 may synergistically enhance antitumor immunity. Clinical studies evaluating the role of anti-LAG3 in combination with anti-PD1 are underway, and recent phase III trial results in metastatic melanoma demonstrate both the efficacy and safety of this combination. Further ongoing clinical trials are evaluating this combination across multiple tumor types and the adjuvant setting, with accompanying translational and biomarker-focused studies designed to elucidate the molecular pathways that lead to improved antitumor T-cell responses following dual blockade of PD1 and LAG3. Overall, LAG3 plays an important role in limiting T-cell activation and has now become part of the repertoire of combinatorial immunotherapeutics available for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Nonverbal Action Interpretation Guides Novel Word Disambiguation in 12-Month-Olds
Authors: Pomiechowska Barbara , Csibra Gergely 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhether young infants can exploit sociopragmatic information to interpret new words is a matter of debate. Based on findings and theories from the action interpretation literature, we hypothesized that 12-month-olds should distinguish communicative object-directed actions expressing reference from instrumental object-directed actions indicative of one’s goals, and selectively use the former to identify referents of novel linguistic expressions. This hypothesis was tested across four eye-tracking experiments. Infants watched pairs of unfamiliar objects, one of which was first targeted by either a communicative action (e.g., pointing) or an instrumental action (e.g., grasping) and then labeled with a novel word. As predicted, infants fast-mapped the novel words onto the targeted objects after pointing (Experiments 1 and 4) but not after grasping (Experiment 2) unless the grasping action was preceded by an ostensive signal (Experiment 3). Moreover, whenever infants mapped a novel word onto the object indicated by a communicative action, they tended to map a different novel word onto the distractor object, displaying a mutual exclusivity effect. This reliance on nonverbal action interpretation in the disambiguation of novel words indicates that sociopragmatic inferences about reference likely supplement associative and statistical learning mechanisms from the outset of word learning.
The emergence of graphene research topics through interactions within and beyond
Authors: Nguyen Ai Linh , Liu Wenyuan , Khor Khiam Aik , Nanetti Andrea , Cheong Siew Ann 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scientific research is an essential stage of the innovation process. However, it remains unclear how a scientific idea becomes applied knowledge and, after that, a commercial product. This paper describes a hypothesis of innovation based on the emergence of new research fields from more mature research fields after interactions between the latter. We focus on graphene, a rising field in materials science, as a case study. First, we used a coclustering method on titles and abstracts of graphene papers to organize them into four meaningful and robust topics (theory and experimental tests, synthesis and functionalization, sensors, and supercapacitors and electrocatalysts). We also demonstrated that they emerged in the order listed. We then tested all topics against the literature on nanotubes and batteries, and the possible parent fields of theory and experimental tests, as well as supercapacitors and electrocatalysts. We found incubation signatures for all topics in the nanotube papers collection and weaker incubation signatures for supercapacitors and electrocatalysts in the battery papers collection. Surprisingly, we found and confirmed that the 2004 breakthrough in graphene created a stir in both the nanotube and battery fields. Our findings open the door for a better understanding of how and why new research fields coalesce.
Spatio-temporal occurrence of different early life stages of Periophthalmus modestus in a tropical estuary
Authors: Ha Linh Manh , Nguyen Hai Hong , Ta Thuy Thi , Nguyen Huan Xuan , Tran Hau Duc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To elucidate the distribution pattern of Periophthalmus modestus, an amphibious fish, at its southernmost habitat, an investigation was conducted monthly at different locations along the Red River Delta area over two years. Spatially, planktonic larvae were caught abundantly at sampling sites along the Ba Lat Estuary and at a single site in the nearby mangroves close to the river’s main tributary. The benthic and amphibious juveniles were caught mainly in the mangroves. This finding suggests that P. modestus larvae may be transported up the river from the spawning ground by the tidal current and may use the main tributary of Ba Lat Estuary as a nursery habitat for the planktonic larval stage and expand their habitat to the mangrove along the estuary during the settling stages. Temporally, planktonic larvae occurred from February to July and peaked in May, suggesting that the main reproductive season of this fish in Vietnam is from February to July, which is earlier than in temperate areas. The abundance of larvae and juveniles of this species over time was positively correlated with water temperature. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) models based on size-class assemblages, months of sampling and samplings sites, together with an overlay of environmental vectors, revealed that water temperature was significantly correlated with fish size. Fish in the smaller size class tended to occur at lower temperatures, and fish in the larger size class tended to occur at higher temperatures. The distribution pattern of this species revealed in this study may partly contribute to its successful adaptation to circumstances in this tropical area.
Supergradient Winds in Simulated Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Rotunno Richard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a previous paper a formula was derived for the maximum potential intensity of the tangential wind in a tropical cyclone called PI+. The formula, PI+2 = EPI2 + αrmwmηm, where EPI is the maximum potential intensity of the gradient wind and αrmwmηm represents the supergradient winds. The latter term is the product of the radius rm, the vertical velocity wm, the azimuthal vorticity ηm at the radius and height of the maximum tangential wind (rm, zm), and the (nearly constant) α. Examination of a series of simulations of idealized tropical cyclones indicate an increasing contribution from the supergradient-wind term to PI+ as the radius of maximum wind increases. In the present paper, the physical content of the supergradient-wind term is developed showing how it is directly related to tropical cyclone boundary layer dynamics. It is found that , where −umin is the maximum boundary layer radial inflow velocity and lυ(z) is the vertical mixing length.
Estimation of Random Error Statistics in High-Resolution Radiosondes, ERA-Interim, and COSMIC Radio Occultation Soundings in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during the MAGIC Campaign
Authors: Feng Xuelei , Anthes Richard , Sjoberg Jeremiah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Random errors (uncertainties) in COSMIC radio occultation (RO) soundings, ERA-Interim (ERAi) reanalyses, and high-resolution radiosondes (RS) are estimated in the northeast Pacific Ocean during the MAGIC campaign in 2012 and 2013 using the three-cornered hat method. Estimated refractivity and bending angle errors peak at ∼2 km, and have a secondary peak at ∼15 km. They are related to vertical and horizontal gradients of temperature and water vapor and associated atmospheric variability at these two levels. MAGIC RS refractivity and bending angles obtained from forward models have the largest uncertainties, followed by COSMIC RO soundings. ERAi has the smallest uncertainties. The large RS uncertainties can be primarily attributed to representativeness errors (differences). Differences in space and time of the RO and model datasets from the RS observations, error correlations among datasets, and the small sample size are other possible reasons contributing to these differences of estimated error statistics. RO temperature and humidity are retrieved from refractivity using a one-dimensional variational (1D-Var) method from the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). The estimated errors for COSMIC temperature are comparable to those of the MAGIC RS except near 1 km, where they are much higher. The estimated errors for COSMIC specific humidity are similar to the MAGIC specific humidity errors below ∼5 km and much smaller above this level. Estimates of COSMIC random errors based on ERAi, JRA-55, and MERRA-2 reanalyses in the same region, as well as comparison with estimates from other studies, support the reliability of our estimates.