bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoselective carbene insertion into the N−H bonds of NH3·H2O
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Yang Yong , Song Qingmin , Li Linxuan , Zanoni Giuseppe , Liu Shaopeng , Xiang Meng , Anderson Edward , Bi Xihe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe conversion of inexpensive aqueous ammonia (NH3·H2O) into value-added primary amines by N − H insertion persists as a longstanding challenge in chemistry because of the tendency of Lewis basic ammonia (NH3) to bind and inhibit metal catalysts. Herein, we report a chemoselective carbene N − H insertion of NH3·H2O using a TpBr3Ag-catalyzed two-phase system. Weak coordination by a homoscorpionate ligand enables silver compatible with NH3and H2O and ensures the generation of electrophilic silver carbene. Water promotes subsequent [1, 2]-proton shift to generate N − H insertion mono-substituted products with high chemoselectivity. The end result of the reaction is the coupling of an inorganic nitrogen source with either diazo compounds orN-triftosylhydrazones to produce useful primary amines. Further investigations elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity.
Virtual Surgical Training – first experiences of an online suture course
Authors: Stutz Janine , Pizanis Antonius , Wolf Milan Anton , Fischer Gerrit , Langer Frank , Scherber Philipp-Robert , Orth Marcel , Pohlemann Tim , Fritz Tobias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic and associated contact restrictions, established lectures and seminars could not take place in presence as usual in 2020. In the first online-based summer semester 2020, the lack of practical content was noted by medical students of our institution. To provide basic practical surgical skills, a hybrid course was developped. A home-based suture kit was given to all medical students and a web-based live suturing skills course was performed.
Methods: A total of 104 medical students participated in the online suturing skills course in 2 remote video sessions (Microsoft Teams®, Redmond, USA) of 90 minutes each. The students were taught theoretical and practical contents of surgical suturing skills and knotting techniques by a surgical resident in small groups of 12 participants. For this purpose, each student was previously given a personal basic surgical instruments training kit. Single stitches, mattress suture, intracutaneous suture and surgical hand knots were trained. In addition, an online questionnaire (Survey Monkey), which was processed before and after the course was performed. Furthermore, the evaluation of surgical skills, the course execution and the intended future medical discipline were investigated via the survey.
Results and conclusion: All students rated increased skills of their suture and knot skills after the course. 80% of them had no experience with basic surgical skills prior to the course. Before the course, 33% of the participants wanted to become a surgeon compared to 41% after the course. The skills to perform single stitches and a surgical hand knot increased by 70% after the course. Also, theoretical knowledge increased after the course. Furthermore, the students were satisfied with the concept and the implementation of the course.
In summary, by means of this online suturing skills course without any personal contact between instructor and student the competence of medical students in basic surgical skills could be improved and students were motivated to pursue a career in surgery. This hybrid format appears as a viable alternative, therefore it should be integrated into the curriculum in addition to courses in presence.
Intracranial Neurofeedback Modulating Neural Activity in the Mesial Temporal Lobe During Memory Encoding: A Pilot Study
Authors: Koizumi Koji , Kunii Naoto , Ueda Kazutaka , Takabatake Kazuhiko , Nagata Keisuke , Fujitani Shigeta , Shimada Seijiro , Nakao Masayuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Removal of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is an established surgical procedure that leads to seizure freedom in patients with intractable MTL epilepsy; however, it carries the potential risk of memory damage. Neurofeedback (NF), which regulates brain function by converting brain activity into perceptible information and providing feedback, has attracted considerable attention in recent years for its potential as a novel complementary treatment for many neurological disorders. However, no research has attempted to artificially reorganize memory functions by applying NF before resective surgery to preserve memory functions. Thus, this study aimed (1) to construct a memory NF system that used intracranial electrodes to feedback neural activity on the language-dominant side of the MTL during memory encoding and (2) to verify whether neural activity and memory function in the MTL change with NF training. Two intractable epilepsy patients with implanted intracranial electrodes underwent at least five sessions of memory NF training to increase the theta power in the MTL. There was an increase in theta power and a decrease in fast beta and gamma powers in one of the patients in the late stage of memory NF sessions. NF signals were not correlated with memory function. Despite its limitations as a pilot study, to our best knowledge, this study is the first to report that intracranial NF may modulate neural activity in the MTL, which is involved in memory encoding. The findings provide important insights into the future development of NF systems for the artificial reorganization of memory functions.
Central hepatectomy versus major hepatectomy for patients with centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gadallah Edward Atef , Elkomos Beshoy Effat , Khalil Ahmed , fawzy Fawzy Salah , Abdelaal Amr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and Aim: For those with a centrally located HCC, the two types of liver sectionectomy that can be performed are extended hepatectomy (EH) and central hepatectomy (CH). The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between patients treated with CH and patients treated with EH for those with centrally located HCC.
Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library for eligible studies from inception to 1 April 2022 and a systematic review and meta-analysis were done to compare the outcomes between the two groups.
Results: we included 9 studies with total of 1674 patients in this study. The pooled results in this meta-analysis showed equal long-term overall survival, Disease free survival, recurrence and mortality between the two groups (5-year OS, RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.96-1.35, P = 0.12; I2 = 56%), (5-year DFS, RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.61-1.08, P = 0.15; I2 = 60%), (Recurrence, RR =1.04, 95% CI = 0.94-1.15, P = 0.45; I2 = 27%), and (Mortality, RR =0.55, 95% CI = 0.26-1.15, P = 0.11; I2 = 0 %). In addition to that, no significant difference could be detected in the overall incidence of complications between the two groups (Complications, RR =0.94, 95% CI = 0.76-1.16, P = 0.57; I2 = 0 %).However, CH is associated with a remarkable increase in the rate of biliary fistula (Biliary fistula, RR =1.90, 95% CI = 1.07-3.40, P = 0.03; I2 = 0%). And Liver cell failure was higher in case of EH (LCF, RR =0.47, 95% CI = 0.30-0.76, P = 0.002; I2 = 0%). Regarding the operative details, CH is associated with longer operative time (Time of the operation, Mean difference = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.36, 1.27, P = 0.0004; I2 = 57%).
Conclusion: No significant difference in the short and long-term survival and recurrence between CH and MH for CL-HCC. However, CH is associated with greater future remnant liver volume that decreases the incidence of LCF and provides more opportunities for a repeat hepatectomy after tumor recurrence.
Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis treated with arthroscopic total synovial peel
Authors: Song Hao-Qiang , Wu Guo-Feng , Qi Wei-zhong , Lin Li-jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is prone to recurrence after surgery, and it is difficult to achieve a long-term complete cure.
Objective: To reduce the recurrence rate of PVNS, the author pioneered the arthroscopic synovial peel procedure.
Methods: From March 2014 to July 2020, a total of 19 patients (6 males and 13 females) with diffuse PVNS of the knee were treated in our department and underwent arthroscopic total synovial peel (ATSP). It’s ‘peel’ rather than simple excision. This method is similar to peeling bark. Relapse rates and functional scores were determined, with follow-ups ranging from 12 to 72 months, on average 36 months.
Results: The results were assessed radiographically and functionally, and 2 cases (10.5%) recurred. Preoperative and postoperative functional scores were performed on patients without recurrence, and the average score increased after operation. Compared with the literature, ATSP significantly reduces the postoperative recurrence rate of diffuse PVNS. This approach was found to considerably minimize the recurrence rate of postoperative PVNS in follow-up investigations.
Conclusion: This approach may be a viable option for treating diffuse PVNS via arthroscopy and is worthy of clinical consideration.
Reducing the impact of cardiovascular disease in older people with cancer: a qualitative study of health care providers
Authors: KNOWLES Reegan , KEMP Emma , MILLER Michelle , KOCZWARA Bogda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer survivors are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than cancer-free controls. Despite evidence-based guidelines recommending CVD risk factor assessment, surveillance and risk-reduction, many people with cancer do not receive adequate CVD care. To address potential barriers and enablers of care, we examined health care professionals’ (HCP) perceptions and experiences of CVD risk assessment and management in people with cancer. Methods: We conducted one focus group and 12 individual interviews to examine HCPs’ perceptions and experiences of CVD care in care. We used reflexive thematic analysis to collect and analyse the qualitative data to construct and understand themes. Results: 21 HCPs participated (8 oncologists, 5 nurses, 3 general practitioners, 2 dietitians, 1 cardiologist, 1 haematologist and 1 physiotherapist). Majority HCPs were aware of CVD risk in cancer, but were concerned they could not deliver CVD care alone due to system-level barriers including lack of time and training. HCPs also perceived patient-level barriers including socioeconomic disadvantage and fatalistic outlook. Despite barriers, HCPs suggested diverse solutions for improving CVD care in cancer including new models-of-care, clinical pathways, risk assessment/management tools and education. Conclusions: The diversity of perceived barriers and suggested solutions identified by HCPs suggests the need for a multilevel approach tailored to context. Future research involving people with cancer is needed to co-design acceptable interventions. Implications for cancer survivors: Improved understanding of HCP’s perceptions can inform the development of new interventions to deliver CVD care to people with cancer to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Pre-calving energy density and rumen protected lysine impacted blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in dairy cows during the transition period.
Authors: Delelesse Girma Debele , Ma Lu , Wang Fang , Callaway Toddy , Bu Dengpan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dairy cow usual faces negative energy balance and disorder of normal organs function due to mismatch between energy intake and energy demands. Negative energy balance directly affects liver function and blood metabolites because of liver used as source of energy supply and center of metabolic activity. The study aimed to determine the effect of pre-calving energy density and rumen-protected lysine on blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions in dairy cows during the transition period. Forty 3rd lactation Holstein cows were randomly allocated to one of the four dietary treatments (High energy with rumen-protected lysine (HERPL) = 1.53NEL plus 40 g Lys, High energy without lysine (HECK) = 1.53NEL, Low energy with rumen-protected lysine (LERPL) = 1.37NEL plus 40 g Lys, and Low energy without lysine (LECK) = 1.37NEL arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Blood samples were collected during the transition period and concentrations of blood metabolites and biomarkers of liver functions were measured. Interaction between pre-calving high energy diet and RPL tended to increase plasma albumin, numerically increased glucose, decreased TG, total bilirubin and AST concentrations. The result revealed that pre-calving high energy diet increased insulin, albumin and decreased blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin concentrations and substantial favor liver functions during the transition period.
Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Contributes to High Risk of Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Surgical Valve Replacement
Authors: Lian Liyou , Yao Hongxia , Zheng Rujie , Wang Kaijing , Hu Xiang , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score is a useful indicator to evaluate the nutritional status of patients. However, the nutritional significance of the PNI score and its ability to predict clinical prognosis in patients with surgical valve replacement (SVR) are unknown. The goal of this study was to analyze the association between PNI on admission and adverse events in patients following SVR.Methods This study included 485 patients who underwent successful SVR. Baseline PNI score was calculated before SVR on admission. The patients were divided into high and low PNI groups according to the cut-off value of PNI using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Primary outcomes were composite adverse events, defined as worsening heart failure, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, uncontrolled infection, second surgery, post-operative arrhythmia or all-cause death during the follow-up. The association of PNI score and primary outcomes was presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated by adverse events in the crude and multivariate-adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards models.Results Overall, adverse events were observed in 61(13%) patients. ROC curves revealed an area under curve of 0.676 for PNI with a cut-off of 46. The cumulative event rate by Kaplan–Meier analysis was higher in low PNI group (P < 0.001). Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that low PNI was associated with adverse outcomes (HR: 2.303, 95% CI: 1.338-3.964, P = 0.003). Conclusion Low PNI on admission in patients with SVR was associated with higher incidence of clinical adverse events. Using the PNI score to identify individuals with poor nutritional status might be an important method for clinical prognosis prediction, and improving nutritional status during follow-up might help to reduce the risks of adverse outcomes in these patients.
Factors Associated with Risk of NAFLD and Progression in Multiethnic Asians. A Latent Class and Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Ng Cheng Han , Nah Benjamin , Kaewdech Apichat , Aung Hlaing Bwa , Mak Lung-Yi , Kulkarni Anand V , Muthiah Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest liver condition globally. However, Asians with NAFLD are significantly different from the west. Despite the significant prevalence of the disease, studies on Asians particularly from southeast Asians are lacking. Herein, we examine the prevalence, risk factors and different classes of NAFLD based on a multicenter cohort study from five centers in Asia.

Methods

A multicenter study involving the use of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) for the assessment of NAFLD based on a cutoff of ≥ 288 dB/m and liver fibrosis was examined through liver stiffness measures (LSM). Risk factors were examined through risk ratios (RR) from a generalized linear model and gradient boosting machines (GBM) machine learning model. A latent class analysis (LCA) was additionally conducted to explore subtypes of NAFLD in Asia.

Results

Of the 1,686 individuals included in the analysis, a total of 822 individuals were identified to have NAFLD. Factors that were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD included male gender, elevated serum lipid levels and diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes mellitus with similar findings from GBM. LCA identified two subtypes of NAFLD. Class 1 LCA had lower rates of metabolic dysfunction and were more likely lean relative to Class 2 LCA. However, both classes were at similar risk of clinically significant fibrosis and advance fibrosis. The risk of cirrhosis was higher in Class 1 LCA.

Discussion

The current analysis describes the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in a multiethnic Asian cohort with conventional regression and GBM analysis. Subclasses of NAFLD identified from LCA found that patients with lower rates of metabolic dysfunction had similar if not increased rates of fibrosis.
Nitrogen Transformation Processes in Manure Microbiomes of Earthen Pit and Concrete Storages on Commercial Dairy Farms
Authors: Khairunisa Bela Haifa , Loganathan Usha , Ogejo Jactone A. , Mukhopadhyay Biswarup 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Storing manure is an essential aspect of nutrient management on dairy farms, presenting the opportunity to use it effectively as a fertilizer in crop and pasture production. The storage structures are earthen, concrete, or steel-based constructs. However, this practice presents the potential of losing nitrogen (fertilizer value) and emitting greenhouse gases (environmental stressors) to the atmosphere through microbial and physicochemical processes. We have conducted a study to characterize the relevant microbial processes in two manure storage structures, a clay lined earthen pit and an above-ground concrete storage tank, on commercial dairy farms, to inform the development of mitigation practices to preserve the value of manure. First, we analyzed the 16S rRNA-V4 amplicons generated from manure samples collected from several locations and depths (0.3, 1.2 and 2.1–2.75 meters below the surface) of the storages, identifying a set of OTUs and quantifying their abundances. Then, we inferred the respective metabolic capabilities. These results showed that the manure microbiome composition was more complex and exhibited more location-to-location variation in the earthen pit than in the concrete tank. Further, the inlet and a location with hard surface crust in the earthen pit had unique consortia. The microbiomes in both storages had the potential to generate ammonia but lacked the organisms for oxidizing it to gaseous compounds. However, the microbial conversion of nitrate to emittable N2, NO, and N2O via denitrification and to stable ammonia via dissimilatory nitrite reduction seemed possible; minor quantities of nitrate was present in manure, potentially originating from oxidative processes occurring on barn floor. The nitrate-transformation linked OTUs were more prevalent at the near-surface locations and all depths of the inlet. No anammox bacteria and autotrophic nitrifiers, archaeal or bacterial, were detected in both storages. HydrogenotrophicMethanocorpusculumspecies were the primary methanogens or methane producers, exhibiting higher abundance in the earthen pit. These findings suggested that microbial activities were not the main drivers for nitrogen loss from manure storage, and commonly reported losses are associated with the physicochemical processes. Finally, the microbiomes of stored manure had the potential to emit greenhouse gases such as NO, N2O, and methane.
Efficacy and safety of prone position in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Kim Junghyun , Choi Miyoung , Choi Won-Il , Joh Joonsung , Park Jungeun , Kim Joohae 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:Prone position has already been demonstrated to improve survival in non-COVID acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has been widely performed in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure, both in non-intubated and intubated patients. However, the beneficial effect of the prone position in COVID-19 pneumonia still remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the prone position compared with the non-prone in COVID-19 patients. Methods:We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, as well as one Korean domestic database, on July 9, 2021, and updated the search monthly to February 10, 2022. Studies that compared prone and non-prone positions in patients with COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were mortality, need for intubation, and adverse events. The secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) in the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU), ICU-free days, and ventilator-fee days. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the oxygen delivery methods. Results:Of the 1,179 records identified, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 cohort studies were eligible. In cohort studies, the mortality was not different between the prone and non-prone groups in intubated patients, but the prone position showed a significant survival benefit in the non-intubated patient group regardless of the oxygen delivery method (13 studies, n=2,519; relative risk [RR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.76, P<0.0001, I2=48%). In addition, the prone position reduced the intubation rate in RCTs (3 studies, n=1,256, RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97, P=0.02) compared with the non-prone position. In both RCTs and cohort studies, there were no significant differences in LOS in the ICU or hospital, ICU-free days, or ventilator-free days between the prone and non-prone positions. Adverse events were mild and similar between the two groups.Conclusion:In non-intubated patients with COVID-19, prone positioning reduced the risk of intubation in patients requiring a high-flow oxygen system and improved survival with similar adverse event rates. Therefore, the prone position should be encouraged in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. However, insufficient evidence supports the beneficial effects of prone positioning in intubated patients.Registration: This study was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on February 16, 2022 (registration number: CRD42022311150).