bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and researchers with institutional affiliations in the global south/north in social network science
Authors: Espinosa-Rada Alejandro , Ortiz Francisca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe following article aims to understand the prevalence of ascribed social characteristics such as the role of gender and the country of institutional affiliation of the authors in two prominent journals of social network science. Accordingly, we explore the Social Networks journal that has been extensively analysed to understand the evolution of the social network perspective and the development of this area of interest. Also, we explore the REDES journal, which mirrors the same journal but aims to represent the current state of social network science in Iberian America. For the analysis, we explore the network of these two journals, considering 301 papers from the Social Networks journal and 86 papers from REDES journal. For the analysis, we use exponential random graph models to control for simultaneously operating micro-mechanisms to understand the potential effects that allowed the emergence of these scientific networks. Our main results indicate that the country of institutional affiliation creates a centre-periphery tendency in both journals. Furthermore, there is a tendency of women to be an underrepresented group in the papers published in the period analysed.
Unbiased filtering of a class of partially observed diffusions
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Law Kody J. H. , Yu Fangyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article we consider a Monte-Carlo-based method to filter partially observed diffusions observed at regular and discrete times. Given access only to Euler discretizations of the diffusion process, we present a new procedure which can return online estimates of the filtering distribution with no time-discretization bias and finite variance. Our approach is based upon a novel double application of the randomization methods of Rhee and Glynn (Operat. Res.63, 2015) along with the multilevel particle filter (MLPF) approach of Jasra et al. (SIAM J. Numer. Anal.55, 2017). A numerical comparison of our new approach with the MLPF, on a single processor, shows that similar errors are possible for a mild increase in computational cost. However, the new method scales strongly to arbitrarily many processors.
Some results on the telegraph process driven by gamma components
Authors: Martinucci Barbara , Meoli Alessandra , Zacks Shelemyahu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the integrated telegraph process$X_t$under the assumption of general distribution for the random times between consecutive reversals of direction. Specifically,$X_t$represents the position, at timet, of a particle movingUtime units upwards with velocitycandDtime units downwards with velocity$-c$. The latter motions are repeated cyclically, according to independent alternating renewals. Explicit expressions for the probability law of$X_t$are given in the following cases: (i) (U,D) gamma-distributed; (ii)Uexponentially distributed andDgamma-distributed. For certain values of the parameters involved, the probability law of$X_t$is provided in a closed form. Some expressions for the moment generating function of$X_t$and its Laplace transform are also obtained. The latter allows us to prove the existence of a Kac-type condition under which the probability density function of the integrated telegraph process, with identically distributed gamma intertimes, converges to that of the standard Brownian motion.Finally, we consider the square of$X_t$and disclose its distribution function, specifying the expression for some choices of the distribution of (U,D).
Central limit theorem for bifurcating markov chains under L2-ergodic conditions
Authors: Bitseki Penda S. Valère , Delmas Jean-François 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBifurcating Markov chains (BMCs) are Markov chains indexed by a full binary tree representing the evolution of a trait along a population where each individual has two children. We provide a central limit theorem for additive functionals of BMCs under
$L^2$
-ergodic conditions with three different regimes. This completes the pointwise approach developed in a previous work. As an application, we study the elementary case of a symmetric bifurcating autoregressive process, which justifies the nontrivial hypothesis considered on the kernel transition of the BMCs. We illustrate in this example the phase transition observed in the fluctuations.
MORTALITY CREDITS WITHIN LARGE SURVIVOR FUNDS
Authors: Denuit Michel , Hieber Peter , Robert Christian Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurvivor funds are financial arrangements where participants agree to share the proceeds of a collective investment pool in a predescribed way depending on their survival. This offers investors a way to benefit from mortality credits, boosting financial returns. Following Denuit (2019,ASTIN Bulletin,49, 591–617), participants are assumed to adopt the conditional mean risk sharing rule introduced in Denuit and Dhaene (2012,Insurance: Mathematics and Economics,51, 265–270) to assess their respective shares in mortality credits. This paper looks at pools of individuals that are heterogeneous in terms of their survival probability and their contributions. Imposing mild conditions, we show that individual risk can be fully diversified if the size of the group tends to infinity. For large groups, we derive simple, hierarchical approximations of the conditional mean risk sharing rule.
Quality of antibiotic prescribing to children through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Wattles Bethany A. , Jawad Kahir S. , Feygin Yana F. , Stahl J. Drew , Vidwan Navjyot K. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Kong Maiying , Smith Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To describe pediatric outpatient visits and antibiotic prescribing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design:
An observational, retrospective control study from January 2019 to October 2021.

Setting:
Outpatient clinics, including 27 family medicine clinics, 27 pediatric clinics, and 26 urgent or prompt care clinics.

Patients:
Children aged 0–19 years receiving care in an outpatient setting.

Methods:
Data were extracted from the electronic health record. The COVID-19 era was defined as April 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Virtual visits were identified by coded encounter or visit type variables. Visit diagnoses were assigned using a 3-tier classification system based on appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing and a subanalysis of respiratory visits was performed to compare changes in the COVID-19 era compared to baseline.

Results:
Through October 2021, we detected an overall sustained reduction of 18.2% in antibiotic prescribing to children. Disproportionate changes occurred in the percentages of antibiotic visits in respiratory visits for children by age, race or ethnicity, practice setting, and prescriber type. Virtual visits were minimal during the study period but did not result in higher rates of antibiotic visits or in-person follow-up visits.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that reductions in antibiotic prescribing have been sustained despite increases in outpatient visits. However, additional studies are warranted to better understand disproportionate rates of antibiotic visits.
Transmission visualizations of healthcare infection clusters: A scoping review
Authors: Brady Mya B. , VonVille Helena M. , White Joseph F. , Martin Elise M. , Raabe Nathan J. , Slaughter Julie M. , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate infectious pathogen transmission data visualizations in outbreak publications.

Design:
Scoping review.

Methods:
Medline was searched for outbreak investigations of infectious diseases within healthcare facilities that included ≥1 data visualization of transmission using data observable by an infection preventionist showing temporal and/or spatial relationships. Abstracted data included the nature of the cluster(s) (pathogen, scope of transmission, and individuals involved) and data visualization characteristics including visualization type, transmission elements, and software.

Results:
From 1,957 articles retrieved, we analyzed 30 articles including 37 data visualizations. The median cluster size was 20.5 individuals (range, 7–1,963) and lasted a median of 214 days (range, 12–5,204). Among the data visualization types, 10 (27%) were floor-plan transmission maps, 6 (16%) were timelines, 11 (30%) were transmission networks, 3 (8%) were Gantt charts, 4 (11%) were cluster map, and 4 (11%) were other types. In addition, 26 data visualizations (70%) contained spatial elements, 26 (70%) included person type, and 19 (51%) contained time elements. None of the data visualizations contained contagious periods and only 2 (5%) contained symptom-onset date.

Conclusions:
The data visualizations of healthcare-associated infectious disease outbreaks in the systematic review were diverse in type and visualization elements, though no data visualization contained all elements important to deriving hypotheses about transmission pathways. These findings aid in understanding the visualizing transmission pathways by describing essential elements of the data visualization and will inform the creation of a standardized mapping tool to aid in earlier initiation of interventions to prevent transmission.
Morphosemantic features in Universal Grammar: What we can learn from Marshallese pronouns and demonstratives
Authors: Cowper Elizabeth , Hall Daniel Currie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes Marshallese pronouns and demonstratives, arguing that both privative and binary morphosemantic features are necessary, and that the two types coexist in a single domain. Marshallese encodes number with atomic, and person with [$\pm$author] and [$\pm$participant]. In the complex system of Marshallese demonstratives, atomic and [$\pm$human] map to the same head, subject to a constraint that only one feature appears at a time. The element $\chi$, which derives person orientation in demonstratives and pronouns, does not universally map to the same syntactic position. While in Heiltsuk $\chi$ is a dependent of the person head, in Marshallese it heads a projection above the person head. And while in Heiltsuk the person features occupy the same position in both pronouns and demonstratives, Marshallese pronouns have a different structure, with person and number features mapping to a single syntactic head. The contribution of UG is thus not a set of specific features or specific structures, but a set of more abstract principles.
Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), a Nationwide Mass Casualty Disaster on Intensive Care Units: Clinical Outcomes and Associated Cost-of-Care
Authors: Henning Allison M. , Thomas Neal J. , Williams Duane C. , Shore David M. , Memmi Michelle E. , Wang Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in millions of deaths worldwide and is considered a significant mass-casualty disaster (MCD). The surge of patients and scarcity of resources negatively impacted hospitals, patients and medical practice. We hypothesized ICUs during this MCD had a higher acuity of illness, and subsequently had increased lengths of stay (LOS), complication rates, death rates and costs of care. The purpose of this study was to investigate those outcomes.Methods:This was a multicenter, retrospective study that compared intensive care admissions in 2020 to those in 2019 to evaluate patient outcomes and cost of care. Data were obtained from the Vizient Clinical Data Base/Resource Manager (Vizient Inc., Irvine, Texas, USA).Results:Data included the number of ICU admissions, patient outcomes, case mix index and summary of cost reports. Quality outcomes were also collected, and a total of 1304981 patients from 333 hospitals were included. For all medical centers, there was a significant increase in LOS index, ICU LOS, complication rate, case mix index, total cost, and direct cost index.Conclusion:The MCD caused by COVID-19 was associated with increased adverse outcomes and cost-of-care for ICU patients.
Level correspondence of the K-theoretic I-function in Grassmann duality
Authors: Dong Hai , Wen Yaoxiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a series of identities of the quasi-map K-theoretical I-functions with level structure between the Grassmannian and its dual Grassmannian. Those identities prove the quantum K-theory version mutation conjecture stated in [13]. Here we find an interval of levels within which two I-functions are the same, and on the boundary of that interval, two I-functions intertwine. We call this phenomenon the level correspondence in Grassmann duality.
Denationalization in the Dominican Republic: Trapping Victims in the State’s Administrative Maze
Authors: Hunter Wendy , Reece Francesca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Dominican Republic retroactively stripped thousands of Dominico-Haitians of their Dominican citizenship yet managed to defuse international opprobrium over time. After a direct assault on people’s citizenship status in 2013 provoked the human rights community’s ire, the DR employed administrative obstructionism to maneuver around human rights activism and institutions. Policies instituted in 2014 appeared to offer a pathway for Dominico-Haitians to reinstate their citizenship yet were so administratively onerous that most of the affected population remains effectively stateless. Administrative obstructionism makes for an elusive target of attack because it unfolds across a series of decisions over time, transfers responsibility from a highly visible leader to dispersed and faceless bureaucrats, and is exceedingly difficult to monitor. Administrative obstructionism drags out proceedings, causing media attention to wither. Because international forces face special challenges in countering this strategy, a strong domestic opposition movement is necessary to sustain pressure on a rights-violating government.
DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL 14C CONCENTRATION OF WATER SAMPLES USING THE COD METHOD AND AMS
Authors: Molnár A , Molnár M , Veres M , Czébely A , Rinyu L , Rozmanitz P J , Janovics R 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) is the one of the most important radionuclides released from the nuclear facilities to the environment. Currently, inorganic 14C is checked during regular environmental monitoring as part of the groundwater monitoring program of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant. Several studies have shown that organic 14C can be also an important and sensitive tool for detection of possible leakage of nuclear technological systems. For this reason, a wet oxidation method was developed for the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C measurement technique to determine the 14C activity concentration of the total dissolved carbon content of water samples, coming from environmental monitoring wells. The overall efficiency of the oxidation was around 94 ± 5% for different types of tested organic compounds. The typical 14C background (1–2 pMC) is obtained by preparation of blank samples, which allows a detection level of around 5·10–5 Bq L–1. The activity of the organic fraction can be calculated using the formula presented in the study. The method was applied for water samples deriving from environmental monitoring wells of a pressurized-water reactor (PWR) type of NPP. The results of our investigations over the 14 different water samples around the Paks NPP show that DO14C contribution to the total 14C activity concentration was between 5–25%.
Politzer's test – but which one? A plea for standardisation of terms in otology
Authors: Mudry A , Young J R 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolitzer's tuning fork test is a little-known special examination with a chequered history.ObjectiveThis paper gives Politzer's original description, and explains how he intended it to be used.MethodsThe historiographical research in this study is based on primary references. Secondary documentation is only cited when it is necessary to substantiate any historical argument.Results and conclusionAfter the apparent disappearance of Politzer's tuning fork test from the otological scene in the 1950s, its consequent resurrection was not what it seemed. This story underlines the need for a standardisation of otological nomenclature, particularly when eponyms are used.
ALGORITHMIC ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE MAKING
Authors: Johnson Deborah G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlgorithms are now routinely used in decision-making; they are potent components in decisions that affect the lives of individuals and the activities of public and private institutions. Although use of algorithms has many benefits, a number of problems have been identified with their use in certain domains, most notably in domains where safety and fairness are important. Awareness of these problems has generated public discourse calling for algorithmic accountability. However, the current discourse focuses largely on algorithms and their opacity. I argue that this reflects a narrow and inadequate understanding of accountability. I sketch an account of accountability that takes accountability to be a social practice constituted by actors, forums, shared beliefs and norms, performativity, and sanctions, and aimed at putting constraints on the exercise of power. On this account, algorithmic accountability is not yet constituted; it is in the making. The account brings to light a set of questions that must be addressed to establish it.
Pinangapalms revisited 20 years on: what can changes inPinangaspecies populations tell us about rainforest understory palm persistence?
Authors: Shapcott Alison , Slik J.W. Ferry , Rosli Roshanizah , Sukri Rahayu S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBorneo is the centre of diversity of the palm genusPinanga. At least 13 understory species have been recorded in the Ulu Temburong National Park in Brunei, but little is known of their persistence. Changes in populations ofPinangaunderstory palms may be indicative of more widespread changes due to climate change, such as changes in rainfall, which may be important for the palm diversity in the protected area. However, we know little about the population dynamics of these palms, how persistent their populations are or if they behave similarly over long time frames. In 1998, populations of five co-occurring species ofPinangaat several locations in the Ulu Temburong National Park were documented. This project aimed to undertake a comprehensive resurvey of the original fivePinangapalm species populations in order to assess if they showed similar population changes across sites and species after two decades. Overall, most species maintained their population size in the surveyed region but not consistently among sites, and one species significantly declined in abundance. There was considerable variation in population growth rate (R) within and among species and sites that was significantly correlated with density and the percentage of multi-stemmed plants. There was evidence of pulsed recruitment in some species and or sites rather than steady or exponential patterns of population growth.
Nimble vessel cruises as a complementary platform for Southern Ocean biodiversity research: concept and preliminary results from the Belgica 121 expedition
Authors: Danis Bruno , Wallis Ben , Guillaumot Charlène , Moreau Camille , Pasotti Francesca , Heindler Franz M. , Robert Henri , Christiansen Henrik , Jossart Quentin , Saucède Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe western Antarctic Peninsula is facing rapid environmental changes and many recent publications stress the need to gain new knowledge regarding ecosystems responses to these changes. In the framework of the Belgica 121 expedition, we tested the use of a nimble vessel with a moderate environmental footprint as an approach to tackle the urgent needs of the Southern Ocean research community in terms of knowledge regarding the levels of marine biodiversity in shallow areas and the potential impacts of retreating glaciers on this biodiversity in combination with increasing tourism pressure. We discuss the strengths and drawbacks of using a 75’ (23 m) sailboat in this research framework, as well as its sampling and environmental efficiency. We propose that the scientific community considers this approach to 1) fill specific knowledge gaps and 2) improve the general coherence of the research objectives of the Antarctic scientific community in terms of biodiversity conservation and the image that such conservation conveys to the general public.
Critical digital literacy in virtual exchange for ELT teacher education: An interpretivist methodology
Authors: Bilki Zeynep , Satar Müge , Sak Mehmet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVirtual exchange (VE) is an ideal venue for digital literacy skills development (Fuchs, Hauck & Müller-Hartmann, 2012) and for critical digital literacy (CDL) (Hauck, 2019). Yet literacy is a fluid, deictic term, the meaning of which is context dependent, and digital literacies need to be defined and conceptualised within a specific context. Recent CALL literature highlights the interest in CDL from various perspectives, but how CDL is conceptualised by the VE participants themselves is not explored. Participants of this study were 37 trainee English language teachers in the UK and Turkey who joined a 6-week VE. Their ongoing reflections on CDL were captured through reflective e-portfolio entries following each VE task. Thematic analysis revealed four components of CDL in this specific VE: (1) participants’ awareness of digital affordances for self-expression, (2) semiotic and interactional means to build connections, (3) ensuring inclusiveness of all community members, and (4) implications of socio-political contexts of each participant for meaning-making and interaction. We conclude that in future pedagogical implementations of VE, facilitators can foster trainee teachers’ CDL development through more closely guided and informed reflection on the four themes presented in this paper. As such, this study makes a novel contribution to our understanding of CDL in VE settings for ELT teacher education by offering a social semiotic second language acquisition orientation within an interpretivist paradigm.