bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paper bacterial battery based on polymer as degradable sources of energy
Authors: M Haleem Azhar , H Abass Ruaa , M Haleem Israa 
Published: January 2022

Paper bacterial battery (PBB) is a sustainable source of bioenergy derivate from bacterial activities, paper bacterial battery or microbial fuel cell has unique features like biodegradable, cost- affordable, energy- effectiveness, and environmental sounds beside of complete control by produced energy by increasing the number of folds and can made it in shapes and sizes appropriate for all use and type of devices, which is characterized by high flexibility and wide uses. The current study described in detail the fabrication steps of a simply biodegradable paper battery that mainly composed of a substrate of cellulose, Poly (amic) acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing and stabilizing agent, immobilization matrix, for bacterial cells stability, this degradable network provides oxygen-blocking and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fabricated bacterial battery gave power of 3.5 ÂµW/cm2 and a current quantity of 127 ÂµA/cm2, this generated power can be enhancement by more folding or compacting of the fabricated paper-polymer unit.Â Â
Assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulation and health risk in crops grown in farmlands around mining sites in Gwana, Alkaleri lga, Bauchi state, Nigeria
Authors: Mikin Siman , Abdullahi Shibdawa Mohammed , Malgwi Adamu Harami 
Published: January 2022

Analysis was carried out on farm crops (Guinea corn, Millet and Beans) collected from adjourning farmlands around mining area of Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State. Their heavy metal concentrations were determined and quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The heavy metal characterization revealed the presences copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in the farm crops. The mean values of the elements that where obtain for copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc by AAS are 33.90, 12.00, 71.43, 12.56, 4.40, 0.60 and 101.96 mg/kg, respectively. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare these levels of heavy metals in the crops, it showed that there was a significant difference in their concentration. Exposure assessment and risk characterization of the heavy metals present in the farm crops showed that the mean values of the bioaccumulation coefficient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc are1.24, 0.03, 1.68, 0.80,1.64, 0.89 and 1.21 respectively. The estimated daily intake rate for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 1.17 to 1.28 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg, 0.06 to 0.011 mg/kg, 1.39 to 1.96 mg/kg, 1.92 to 3.14 mg/kg and 1.18 to 1.26 mg/kg respectively. The hazard quotient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.57â€“1.31, 0.01â€“0.02, 22.95â€“32.50, 0.07â€“0.12, 0.02â€“0.26 and 0.32â€“0.40 respectively. The carcinogenic risk for the elements of lead and nickel are 0.0003â€“0.0011 and 0.0006â€“0.0089 respectively. It is hereby recommended that the farm crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should be subjected to clinical trials to evaluate the extent of the damage it can cause on body tissues.Â Â
Assessment of heavy metals in soil mining areas of gwanaalkaleri lga bauchi state
Authors: Siman Mikin , Abdulahi Shibdawa Muhammed , Abdulahi Shibdawa Muhammed , Malgwi Adamu Harami , Malgwi Adamu Harami , Lakusha Zakaria , Lakusha Zakaria , Collins Wuyep Lungfa , Collins Wuyep Lungfa , Gudam Talkat Maxwell , Gudam Talkat Maxwell , Nashuka Kaigama Williams , Nashuka Kaigama Williams 
Published: January 2022

Analysis of soil were carried out on mining areas and adjourning farmlands around Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The physicoâ€“chemical analysis conducted includes pH, electrical conductivity and moisture content which was accompanied by the geochemical characterization and quantification of the metal ions present in the soil. The pH of the soil was within the ranges from 5.6 Â±0.01â€“6.7Â±0.01, electrical conductivity was within the ranges of 185â€“290mS/cm and percentage moisture content was within the ranges from 0.42â€“3.30. the geochemical characterization revealed the presences of chromium (11Â±0.02 mg/Kg), cobalt (0.1â€“2.1 mg/Kg), copper (21.9 Â±0.01â€“92.5 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), iron (48 Â±0.01â€“174 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), lead (7.9 Â±0.01â€“215 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), manganese (19.8â€“ 164.8 mg/Kg), nickel (2.9 Â±0.01â€“3.4 Â±0.01 mg/Kg), silver (0.4 Â±0.01â€“2.1Â±0.01 mg/Kg) and zinc (299 Â±0.01â€“417 Â±0.01mg/Kg). The concentration of metal ions of copper, lead and zinc in the soil samples collected from the study area revealed that they were excessively above their permissible limit set by the WHO, both in the areas of active mining operations and in the adjourning farmland. Hence the conclusion that the soils where contaminated as a result of the mining activities being carried out within the locality. Based on the high levels of these metal ions in the soils analyzed from the study area, it is hereby recommended that crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should also be analyzed to evaluate their bioaccumulation coefficient, mobility index and their potential health risk index if any, that may arise from their being exposed to mining activity within the area.Â Â
Influence of solvents on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasonic extraction
Authors: Merzic Sabina , Sehanovic Ajla , Music Amila , Saric Asim , Alic Mehmed , Avdic Ajla , Huskic Almina , Yazici Basaryusuf , Basic Maida , Pavic Ivana , Horozic Emir 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts were analyzed. Extraction was performed with methanol, ethanol, acetone and their aqueous mixtures (50:50 v/v). Extractions were performed with stirring at 300 rpm on a vibromix and ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Antioxidant capacity was tested using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results showed a significant effect of extraction of bioactive components using an organic solvent:water mixture in relation to the organic solvent itself. Ultrasonic extraction proved to be a more efficient technique compared to mixing at 300 rpm.Â Â
Development and characterization of catalyst materials from magnetic sand, Crotalaria pallida and kaolin
Authors: K.W Shalbugau , P.M Dass , M Iji , I Nkafamiya I , O. N. Maitera 
Published: January 2022

In this study, magnetic sand and Crotalaria pallida gotten from Adamawa and Bauchi states of Nigeria, respectively, were mixed after treatment, and impregnated with kaolin using a wet impregnation method and the resulting material was characterized using scanning electron microcopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of XRF analysis revealed the existence of a number of dopant-like constituents in the sample, which substitute parts of important atoms in the spinel structure, however, not forming individual phases. The SEM micrographs displayed pore structures with high surface area consistent with effective catalyst materials. XRD analysis confirmed crystalline phases of the hybrid material showing typical diffraction peaks of kaolinite minerals (Al2Si2O9), Muscovite (Al12FeSi12K4NaRbH16O48), quartz, Si3O6 Calcite (Ca6C6O18) and Halite (Na4Cl4) and the average crystallite size was determined to be 75.30 nm.Â Â
Production and characterization of metallurgical coke from duduguru coal
Authors: M. Baba Nasirudeen , Zubairu Yusuf , C. Onwuka Jude , A. Ambi Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

This work illustrates the production and characterization of metallurgical coke from Duduguru coal, Obi local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The analytical assessment of properties such as proximate analysis, elemental composition, and calorific value are very important to know the coking qualities of the coal. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific values of the coal are; 1.86%, 18.82%, 43.74%, 53.58% and 5405.15 Cal/g respectively. Based on the result of the proximate analysis, the coal is of good metallurgical coke quality from an industrial prospective and heat generation is to be considered. Elemental analysis shows that due to the low heavy metals, low sulfur content and ash content of the coal, utilization of the coal within a safe environment is feasible with just a little environment impact and make it suitable for blending with strong coking or caking properties.Â Â
Anionic surfactant adsorption in detergent sewage with cation ion exchange method
Authors: Fernianti Dewi , . Wisnu 
Published: January 2022

Surfactant is one of chemical substances added in detergent. The surfactant type added in detergent is anionic surfactant, namely Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS). Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate is a slow-degradable chemical substance due to branched chain in its structure, which causes low oxygen supply from the air due to foam covering the water surface. This condition can cause a dangerous impact for the organisms in the water.This study aimed to adsorb the anionic surfactant contained in detergent sewage using cation exchange resin. Before the adsorption process, cation resin regeneration process was performed following the standard operational procedures of PT. Pertamina RU III, Plaju using 4% H2SO4solution at regeneration time of 45 minutes. Surfactant adsorption process occurred at room temperature with resin mass variables of 50, 100, and 150 g and contact time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. Furthermore, the surfactant content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 652 nm wavelength. The study analysis results showed that the adsorption process of anionic surfactant in the detergent sewage with cation ion exchange method at 50 g resin in 5 â€“ 25 minutes obtained a resin adsorption capacity of 0.72 g, while 150 g resin at 5 â€“ 25 minutes only obtained a resin adsorption capacity of 0.18 g.The best adsorption percentage was achieved from 150 g resin at a contact time of 25 minutes due to adsorbing the anionic surfactant up to 100%. Meanwhile, the closest equation assessment approach was presented fromthe Langmuir adsorption isotherm model by gaining a linear graphic at R2 = 0.9946.Â Â Â
Brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunications industry in Nigeria
Authors: Rosemary Idamoyibo Hwerien 
Published: January 2022

This study ascertained the impact of brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunications industry in Nigeria. The research adopted ex-post facto research design and makes use of secondary sources of data. The population of the study comprised the four telecommunications network providers in Nigeria, MTN, GLO, 9Mobile, and Airtel. The study makes use of all the four telecom-munications providers in Nigeria as its sample and obtained the data from their annual financial reports. The study employed the technique of ordinary least square (OLS) based on panel regression analysis. The findings showed that AC increased by a unit percentage, the ROA decreased by -4.1 units; SC increased by a unit, the ROE decreased by -6.7 units; while CE increased by a unit, the PRM increased by -4.3 units, vise visa. The study showed a positive and significant impact of advertising cost on return on asset, positive and significant impact of sales cost on profit margin, positive and significant impact of celebrity endorsement cost on profit margin over the period. The study, therefore, concluded that there is a positive and significant impact of brand promotion cost outlay on financial performance of telecommunication industries in Nigeria.Â Â
How the inclusion of thermodynamic principles recovers economic sciences
Authors: Dobija Mieczyslaw , Renkas Jurij 
Published: January 2022

So far, economics does not have a coherent theory. This condition is a consequence of the ambiguity of basic categories such as capital, labor, money, and consumption. In the traditional narrative, these categories do not have a strict scientific meaning. This situation is positively changed by the inclusion of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, especially the famous second principle. This is the main hypothesis argued in the body of the article. The consistent use of thermodynamics made it possible to reinterpret the system of fundamental concepts, as well as to solve cognitive problems in the field of capital and labor theory and sources of profit. The results of the presented empirical research indicate the consistency of the modified economic theory.Â Â Â
Alkaline rocks of the northern part of Birnin Gwari schist belts, northwestern Nigeria: provenance and evolution
Authors: O. Oluyede Kehinde 
Published: January 2022

Rocks of the northern part of Birnin Gwari schist belt is underlain predominantly by (i) banded gneiss of dioritic and granodioritic composition and granitic gneisses; (ii) biotite-staurolite quartz schist; and (iii) syn-tectonic biotite hornblende (quartzolite - BHG) granite, biotite granite (BG), and biotite-muscovite granite (BMG). Banded gneiss rocks are of hybrid sedimentaryâ€“igneous protoliths; their pelitic and mafic protoliths were derived essentially from a quartz-diorite, granodiorite and granite-quartz monzonite source. Metasediments are enriched in SiO2 (63.03 to 65.13 wt %), with moderately elevated Al2O3 (15.4 â€“ 15.16 wt %) values and depleted in Ba, V, W, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Th and Zr trace elements; inherited from shale-greywacke sedimentary protoliths. Cogenetic syn-tectonic granites display similar trace elements and REE patterns, with diverse trends such as â€œnormalâ€, â€œanomalousâ€ and â€œstrongly differentiatedâ€ and characterized by LILE enrichment, high LREE fractionation factor (La/Yb of 6.74 to 45.14) with weak to moderate negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.38 to 0.62) and strong negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies. The belt consists of rocks with alkaline affinity and evolved as back arc behind subducted Pan-African plate due effect of compressional forces and differentiation of quartz diorite, granodioritic and granite-quartz monzonite magma and partial melting of crustal components inherited from shale-greywacke sedimentary protoliths in volcanic arc and post collisional settings. The precursor of these rocks originated from basalt of depleted mantle that differentiated progressively to the granite.Â Â Â
Petrographic and geochemical study of Doua granitoids (adamawa-yade domain, center Cameroon): Petrogenesis and geodynamic implication
Authors: Diguim Kepnamou Amadou , Seguem Naimou , Mama NtoumbÃ© , Adama Adama Dairou Amaya , Bienvenu Bello , Kalaza Josue Haskandi , Wangmene Salomon 5, Ngounouno Ismaila AwÃ© , Ismaila Ngounouno 
Published: January 2022

The region Doua is located in the central area or Adamawa-Yade domain of the Pan-African fold belt in Cameroon. This work focuses on the petrography and geochemistry of granitoids in this region. The study area is made up of plutonic rocks (amphibole and biotite granite, biotite and muscovite granite, syeno-diorite, syenite. The geochemical study of the granitoids in the area shows that the rocks are magnesian and slightly iron-bearing, potassic to hyper-potassic calc - alkaline, metaluminous and belongs to type I granitoids. The profiles of the rare earths (REE) show a negative anomaly in Eu. The multi-element spectra show positive anomalies, or negative anomalies for some samples in Ba and Negative anomalies in Nb-Ta, Sr and Ti. The process which led to the formation of these rocks is fractional crystallization. These rocks are setup in a syn-collisional subduction environment (volcanic arc granitoids).Â Â Â
Machine learning approach to hydrocarbon zone prediction from seismic attributes over â€œGEMâ€ field, Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Authors: O. Oshogbunu Fredrick , A. Enikanselu Pius 
Published: January 2022

A computer programme (in Python language) was developed for the generation and performance assessment of predictive models, capable of combining relevant seismic attributes for reliable hydrocarbon zone prediction ahead of drilling. It attempts to resolve the problem of making accurate and efficient interpretations from a large database of derived seismic attributes. The research utilized post-stack 3D seismic volume for the delineation of structures and the generation of seismic attributes. Six faults were identified across the mapped horizons. Five seismic attributes were generated and exported from 3D seismic data as numerical values for machine learning analysis. The binary cross-entropy classification metric was used to evaluate the performance of the developed predictive models while an individual seismic attribute (Maximum Amplitude and Extract value) map was used to validate the predictive models. A correlation of well depth-to-top of selected horizons with the seismic depth slice surface was used for further model validation. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model results enhanced the visibility of the other five hydrocarbon prediction zones. The MLP predictive model map gave higher precision of the predicted hydrocarbon zones over the Self-Organising Map (SOM) predictive model, thus reinforcing the confidence level of the former.Â Â Â Â
Resistances of Infinite Electrical Networks
Authors: Looney Ryan , Wang Lianwen 
Published: January 2022

It is interesting to find the equivalent resistance between two nodes of an infinite electrical network. In this paper, we consider an infinite electrical network that can be described as a series of squares whose edges are resistors with resistance $R$ and whose corresponding vertices are joinedÂ successively byÂ resistors with resistance $R$ as well. Our major work is to find the equivalent resistance between the diagonal vertices of the base square of this infinite network. First, we apply the techniques of balanced bridges and symmetry of voltages to convert each iteration of the network to a parallel circuit that includes the previous iteration. Then, we evaluate the equivalent resistance of each iteration of the network and derive a recursive sequence of equivalent resistances with iterations. After that, we prove that the recursive sequence is convergent using the contraction theorem in real analysis. Finally, we claim that the limit of the recursive sequence is the equivalent resistance of the infiniteÂ network.
Alternative form of the Gelfand Levitan equation
Authors: Kincanon Eric 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an alternative form of the Gelfand-Levitan Equation. By assuming a particular form of the spectral measure function and the potential kernel, an equation relating the potential and the reflection coefficient is found. This equation has an advantage over the Gelfand-Levitan Equation in that it can be solved without using iterative methods. The validity of the equation is demonstrated by looking at a singular and non-singular potential.Â Â
Challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic, Oshana region, Namibia
Authors: Mulenga Ester , Mutanga Elise 
Published: January 2022

People living with cancer encounter different problems; some are related to their diagnoses and treatment. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic in Namibia. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted using purposive sampling and twelve patients diagnosed with different types of cancer were interviewed using unstructured individual in-depth interview. Data were transcribed verbatim and Tesch `s method was used to analyze the data.The study revealed multifaceted challenges which include physical constraints such as physical ailments, long distance to health facilities and excessive travelling; financial and resource constraints as well as other challenges such as negative attitudes of health workers, poor communication and inadequate provision of information to patients. The study concluded that understanding those challenges will assist the government, private sectors, non- governmental organization and health workers to come up with intervention strategies to support cancer patients effectively. The study recommends the need to decentralize oncology services and to provide in-service training to the health workers working with patients living with cancer.Â Â
Loglinear Modeling of Academic Performance Data
Authors: Temilola Bolarinwa Bushirat , Adewale Bolarinwa Ismaila 
Published: January 2022

The focus of this article was to fit a hierarchical loglinear model to data on academic performance. Data on gender, university attended for B.Sc., B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades of 116 M.Sc. graduates were collected from Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Model estimation was carried out by iterative proportional fitting method. Likelihood ratio statistic was utilized for goodness of fit test. The final model generating class contained University, Gender, and B.Sc.*M.Sc., and in harmony with the principle of hierarchy, also contained B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades. Significant interaction was found between B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades only. All other 2-factor and all 3-factor interactions were found not to be significant. Thus, M.Sc. grade was neither associated with gender and university nor with their interaction. The likelihood ratio statistic with p-value of 0.722 suggested model adequacy. The study concluded that only B.Sc. grade was associated with M.Sc. grade obtained by students on graduation. The need to extend study to other departments in the University was recommended.Â Â Â
The effects of maternal and paternal exposure to tramadol on rat prenatal foetuses
Authors: R.M El-Balshy , M.E Zowail , E. H Nafie , S.H Abou-Bakr 
Published: January 2022

The presented study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of tramadol on the prenatal foetuses of rat at 20th day of gestation. The animals were divided into five groups; Control group (C), received saline orally; G1administered with (1/6 LD50; 50 mg/kg); G2 was given (1/10 of LD50; 30 mg/kg) and G3& G4 were treated with low doses of tramadol (1/50 of LD50; 6 mg/kg) and (1/100 of LD50; 3 mg/kg) respectively. Males and females were administered with tramadol for 7 days before mating, then they mate with each other and pregnant females continued treatment with tramadol to the 20th day of gestation. Tramadol significantly decreased body weight and length of foetuses and increased percentage of dead foetuses. Besides the early death of foetuscs which become resorbed during the gestation period, few foetuses died at the end of gestation period and remain as stillbirth. The percentage of mortality of resorbed foetuses and sillbirth is generally increased in the treated groups. Tramadol treatment caused retarded ossification of some bones and shortness of others. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in liver, kidneys, and lungs of the parentally treated foetuses rat tissues.Â Â