bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear and ultrafast all-dielectric metasurfaces at the center for integrated nanotechnologies
Authors: Gennaro Sylvain , Sarma Raktim , Brener Igal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces control optical wavefronts via arrays of nanoscale resonators laid out across a surface. When combined with III–V semiconductors with strong optical nonlinearities, a variety of nonlinear effects such as harmonic generation and all-optical modulation can be enabled and enhanced at the nanoscale. This review presents our research on engineering and boosting nonlinear effects in ultrafast and nonlinear semiconductor metasurfaces fabricated at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. We cover our recent works on parametric generation of harmonic light via direct and cascaded processes in GaAs-metasurfaces using Mie-like optical resonances or symmetric-protected bound state in the continuum, and then describe the recent advances on harmonic generation in all-dielectric metasurfaces coupled to intersubband transitions in III–V semiconductor heterostructures. The review concludes on the potential of metasurfaces to serve as the next platform for on-chip quantum light generation.
Non-dense orbits of systems with the approximate product property
Authors: Sun Peng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We show that for any topological dynamical system with the approximate product property, the set of points whose forward orbits do not accumulate to any point in a large set Z carries full topological entropy, as well as full topological pressure for any continuous potential. For instance, the set Z can include a finite union of the basins of any given invariant measures.
Dynamic equilibria with glass transition heterogeneity and tailorable mechanics in amorphous shape memory polymers
Authors: Liu Jingyun , Gorbacheva Galina , Lu Haibao , Wang Jiazhi , Fu Yong-Qing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modeling dynamic heterogeneity in amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs) is a huge challenge due to the complex statistics of strain energy distributions during their thermodynamic relaxations. In this study, based on the dynamic heterogeneity of strain energy distribution, we have considered, for the first time, the influences of different temperature rates and strain rates on strain energy evolution as a dynamic equilibria, rather than a quasi-static problem. We propose a phase transition model incorporated with Gaussian distribution statistics to investigate the dynamic equilibria with glass transition heterogeneity and tailorable mechanics for the amorphous SMPs. The Gaussian distribution statistics is firstly applied to characterize the heterogeneity of strain energy distributions in the amorphous polymers. Phase transition theory is then developed to describe working principles of strain energy evolution, glass transition heterogeneity, thermodynamic relaxation and tailorable mechanics. Finally, the dynamic equilibria of heterogeneity about the statistics of strain energy distribution are formulated based on the one dimensional Maxwell multi-branch model. The analytical results are compared with the experimental data of epoxy, polyamide and vinylester SMPs reported in literature, and good agreements between them are demonstrated. This study provides a new insight into the dynamic heterogeneity in the mechanics of amorphous SMPs.
A broad analysis of directly and indirectly ionizing radiation interaction parameters of PbF2-CaF2-Bi2O3-B2O3-Cr2O3 glass system
Authors: Alzahrani Jamila S , Alrowaili Z A , Somaily H H , Alsufyani Sultan J , Olarinoye I O , Sriwunkum Chahkrit , Ben Ahmed Samia , Tonguc B T , Al-Buriahi M S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study presents the shielding parameters for directly and indirectly ionization radiations of PCBBC glasses with the chemical composition: xPbF2–(25-x)CaF2–49.8B2O3–25Bi2O3–0.2Cr2O3 and coded as PCBBC1—PCBBC4 for x = 0, 5, 15, and 25 mol. %, respectively. Photon shielding coefficients were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation method via FLUKA code and by XCOM calculations for energies ranging from 0.1–10 MeV. In addition, the total stopping powers (TSP) and projected range (R) of electron (

e

−
1

)
,

proton (

p

+

), alpha particle (

α
)
,

and carbon ion (

C

+

)

) were used to investigate the shielding ability of the glasses against charged particles while fast

Σ

R

and thermal σ
T neutron cross sections were also estimated for the investigated glasses. For PCBBC1—PCBBC4, the photon linear (mass) attenuation coefficient varies from 16.346 (3.571)–0.170 (0.037), 17.151 (3.723)–0.173 (0.038), 20.128 (3.987)–0.194 (0.038), and 22.972 (4.209)–0.213 cm−1 (0.039 cm2g−1) respectively. At 10 MeV, the half value layer was 3.879, 3.782, 3.343, and 3.013 cm corresponding to PbF2 molar content increase from 0%–25% in the PCBBC glasses. Generally, effective atomic number (electron density)

Z

eff

(

N

eff

)

vary with energy within the range of 18.49 −71.75 (2.93–11.37), 19.35–72.68 (2.92–10.98), 21.04–74.18 (2.91–10.25), and 22.70–75.34 (2.89–9.600

N

A

electrons/g). values of TSP and R follow the order: PCBBC1 > PCBBC2 > PCBBC3 > PCBBC4.

Σ

R

changed from 0.09989–0.10358 cm−1 with PCBBC4 having the maximum value while σ
T grew from 95.14954–113.45969 cm−1 for PCBBC1—PCBBC4 respectively. Compared to conventional glass shields PCBBC4 glass possesses superior shielding ability and it is a potential material for radiation shielding applications in emerging radiation-based technology.
An analytical model to calculate the primary and secondary acoustic forces acting on microbubbles due to a short pulsed laser excitation
Authors: Erkol Hakan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive analytical approach to describe photoacoustic waves resulting from a pulsed laser excitation. The spatial part of the laser is modeled by a zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind, which has a wide range of applications in optics and medical physics, such as optical trapping and nonlinear effects resulting from the interaction of a pulsed laser with tissue in photoacoustic imaging. The temporal part of the laser is described by a Gaussian function, which is a pretty realistic approximation since the interaction of the laser with the medium is instantaneous. The photoacoustic wave equation is solved analytically using the Fourier transform and the Greens’ function methods. The solution of the photoacoustic wave equation depends explicitly on position, time, pulse duration, and beam-width of the pulsed laser. The effects of these dependencies on the photoacoustic wave are investigated. Later, the primary and secondary radiation forces acting on microbubbles Albunex and Quantison are calculated using the magnitude of the photoacoustic pressure wave. The primary and secondary radiation forces decrease considerably with the distance from the photoacoustic absorber. These forces increase as the beam-width increases while they decrease as the pulse duration gets longer. The primary radiation forces on the microbubbles are on the order of nanonewtons. The force at this scale can be used to manipulate microbubbles. The secondary radiation force between identical microbubbles is in the range of piconewtons. Hence, this force can be used to determine the viscoelastic properties of microbubbles even though it is very small compared to the primary radiation force. The radiation forces determined by this work are also compared with those calculated by another study describing the laser’s spatial profile with a Gaussian function. The forces obtained by this work are larger than the forces determined by the Gaussian function approximation at the positions near the source. The forces obtained by the two approaches show similar behaviors, and they decrease remarkably with the distance from the source. Thus, the model presented in this work can be used to study the nonlinear mechanism in photoacoustics, such as enhancing image contrast and determining the tissue temperature. It can also be helpful for the applications of microbubbles in medical imaging and drug delivery as carriers.
A first-principle study of electronic, thermoelectric, and optical properties of sulfur doped c-HfO2
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Ramesh , Vij Ankush , Singh Mukhtiyar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work, using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigated HfO2-xSx (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06 doping concentrations) and demonstrated the enhancement in the thermoelectric and optical properties with sulfur (S)-doping. The thermodynamical stability of the studied concentrations is confirmed using convex hull formalism and also verified by phase stability diagram. The different exchange- correlation functionals are used to calculate the band gaps. It is found that using Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) functional, the estimated value of the band gap for pristine cubic-HfO2 is 5.82 eV which is in good agreement with experimentally reported value (5.80 eV). For x = 0.03 and 0.06, the band gap value reduces to 4.88 eV and 4.18 eV, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient is 248.79 μV K−1 at 300 K for x = 0.03 and slightly increases to 294.39 μV K−1 at 400 K for x = 0.06 due to the creation of new states in the conduction band region, which is further confirmed by the increase in effective mass with doping concentration. The calculated Seebeck coefficient for HfO2-xSx showed p-type behaviour over the entire temperature range for all doping concentrations. A significant reduction in the electronic thermal conductivity was observed with S-doping. This further results in a high figure of merit (ZT

e
) ∼ 0.77 and 0.82 for x = 0.03 and 0.06, respectively, at 800 K. The low value of the static dielectric constant for x = 0.03 makes it compatible for electron transport. The optical properties with doping suggest an enhancement in the UV absorption range and a decrease in reflectivity in the visible and near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectra.
Hubble distancing: focusing on distance measurements in cosmology
Authors: Greene Kylar L. , Cyr-Racine Francis-Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Hubble-Lemaître tension is currently one of the most important questions in cosmology. Most of the focus so far has been on reconciling the Hubble constant value inferred from detailed cosmic microwave background measurement with that from the local distance ladder. This emphasis on one number — namely H
0 — misses the fact that the tension fundamentally arises from disagreements of distance measurements. To be successful, a proposed cosmological model must accurately fit these distances rather than simply infer a given value of H
0.
Using the newly developed likelihood package `distanceladder', which integrates the local distance ladder into MontePython, we show that focusing on H
0 at the expense of distances can lead to the spurious detection of new physics in models which change late-time cosmology. As such, we encourage the observational cosmology community to make their actual distance measurements broadly available to model builders instead of simply quoting their derived Hubble constant values.
Nonlinear waveguides by femtosecond laser writing of lithium triborate crystals
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Ziqi , Li Lingqi , Lu Qingming , Wang Lei , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear optical waveguides play a crucial role in the wavelength/frequency conversion of light. Femtosecond laser direct writing is an efficient and flexible technique to produce waveguides in dielectrics. We report on the nonlinear waveguides in LiB3O5 crystals by femtosecond laser writing. The double-line and depressed-cladding structures inscribed by femtosecond laser pulses show excellent guiding properties at 405 nm or 810 nm for both TE and TM polarized light. The investigations of the confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy have indicated that lattice structures in waveguide cores remain almost unchanged compared with those of the bulk. Based on type-I phase matching condition, both second harmonic generation of 810 nm and spontaneous parametric down conversion of 405 nm have been obtained in the laser-written lithium triborate waveguides, suggesting potential applications in integrated nonlinear optics and quantum photonics.
Effect of overdispersion of lethal lesions on cell survival curves
Authors: Loan M , Bhat A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The linear-quadratic (LQ) model is the most commonly used mechanism to predict radiobiological outcomes. It has been used extensively to describe dose-response in vitro and in vivo. There are, however, some questions about its applicability in terms of its capacity to represent some profound mechanistic behaviour. Specifically, empirical evidence suggests that the LQ model underestimates the survival of cells at low doses while overestimating cell death at higher doses. It is believed to be driven from the usual LQ model assumption that radiogenic lesions are Poisson distributed. In this context, we use a negative binomial (NB) distribution to study the effect of overdispersion on the shapes and the possibility of reducing dose-response curvature at higher doses. We develop an overdispersion model for cell survival using the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanism to investigate the effects of the overdispersion on probabilities of repair of DSBs. The error distribution is customised to ensure that the refined overdispersion parameter depends on the mean of the distribution. The predicted cell survival responses for V79, AG and HSG cells exposed to protons, helium and carbon ions are compared with the experimental data in low and high dose regions at various linear energy transfer (LET) values. The results indicate straightening of dose-response and approaching a log-linear behaviour at higher doses. The model predictions with the measured data show that the NB modelled survival curves agree with the data following medium and high doses. Model predictions are not validated at very tiny and very high doses; the approach presented provides an analysis of mechanisms at the microscopic level. This may help improve the understanding of radiobiological responses of survival curves and resolve discrepancies between experimental and theoretical predictions of cell survival models.
Establishment of leakage detection model for oil and gas pipeline based on VMD-MD-1DCNN
Authors: Yang Dandi , Lu Jingyi , Zhou Yina , Dong Hongli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of recognition error caused by noise interference in oil and gas pipeline signal and traditional pipeline leakage detection relies on expert experience to extract features manually, an oil and gas pipeline leakage detection model based on deep learning is proposed in this paper. The model consists of data preprocessing part and pattern recognition part. Firstly, a signal denoising algorithm based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Manhattan distance (MD) is proposed to reduce the error caused by data quality in the subsequent pattern recognition process. Secondly, combined with the one-dimensional and temporal characteristics of pipeline signal, the signal denoised by VMD-MD algorithm is used as the input of one-dimensional convolution neural network (1DCNN) in deep learning, then the data features are learned independently through the characteristics of network structure. Finally, the network structure and parameters are optimized and analyzed to build the optimal pipeline leakage detection model according to the experiment. The experimental results show that, compared with other existing models, the ensemble VMD-MD-1DCNN model has a better improvement in each evaluation index, which verifies the effectiveness of its application in pipeline leakage detection.
Which will be your firm’s next technology? Comparison between machine learning and network-based algorithms
Authors: Straccamore Matteo , Pietronero Luciano , Zaccaria Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We reconstruct the innovation dynamics of about two hundred thousand companies by following their patenting activity for about ten years. We define the technology portfolios of these companies as the set of the technological sectors present in the patents they submit. By assuming that companies move more frequently towards related sectors, we leverage their past activity to build network-based and machine learning algorithms to forecast the future submissions of patents in new sectors. We compare different prediction methodologies using suitable evaluation metrics, showing that tree-based machine learning algorithms outperform the standard methods based on networks of co-occurrences. This methodology can be applied by firms and policymakers to disentangle, given the present innovation activity, the feasible technological sectors from those that are out of reach.
Comparative Analysis of Cognitive, Motor, and Visual-Motor Functions in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors With and Without Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Dreneva A A , Devyaterikova A A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for pediatric high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. Still, both the disease and treatment often impair cognitive and motor functions, and HSCT is a risk factor for long-term deficits. The study aimed at investigating the effect of HSCT on cognitive, motor, and visual-motor functions. Two groups were enrolled: The first group received HSCT treatment, and the second group did not.

Method
Sixty-five ALL survivors participated in the study (ages: 7–17). Twenty-one of participants who underwent HSCT comprised the first group. We implemented tests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Test of Memory and Learning to estimate cognitive functions, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency to estimate motor functions, and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test to estimate visual perceptual and visual motor functions. As independent variables for analysis we chose group (HSCT+/−), age at diagnosis, and current age.

Results
MANCOVA test demonstrated significant effect of current age on cognitive functions (partial η2 = 0.55) and significant effect of HSCT treatment on motor functions (partial η2 = 0.19). Current age also had moderate effect on visual-motor functions (partial η2 = 0.11). Significant differences were found in most cognitive, motor, and visual-motor tests’ results between the two groups, with HSCT+ group demonstrating poorer performance.

Conclusions
This study has several limitations, including small sample size, potentially mismatched groups, imbalanced gender ratio. Still, the findings underline the importance of considering late effects of HSCT, and age when designing rehabilitation programs.
Sensory modality and spoken language shape reading network in blind readers of Braille
Authors: Tian Mengyu , Saccone Elizabeth J , Kim Judy S , Kanjlia Shipra , Bedny Marina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe neural basis of reading is highly consistent across many languages and scripts. Are there alternative neural routes to reading? How does the sensory modality of symbols (tactile vs. visual) influence their neural representations? We examined these questions by comparing reading of visual print (sighted group, n = 19) and tactile Braille (congenitally blind group, n = 19). Blind and sighted readers were presented with written (words, consonant strings, non-letter shapes) and spoken stimuli (words, backward speech) that varied in word-likeness. Consistent with prior work, the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOTC) was active during Braille and visual reading. A posterior/anterior vOTC word-form gradient was observed only in sighted readers with more anterior regions preferring larger orthographic units (words). No such gradient was observed in blind readers. Consistent with connectivity predictions, in blind compared to sighted readers, posterior parietal cortices were recruited to a greater degree and contained word-preferring patches. Lateralization of Braille in blind readers was predicted by laterality of spoken language and reading hand. The effect of spoken language increased along a cortical hierarchy, whereas effect of reading hand waned. These results suggested that the neural basis of reading is influenced by symbol modality and spoken language and support connectivity-based views of cortical function.
Families’ expectations of an eHealth family-based cardiovascular disease-risk reduction programme
Authors: Kemp Bridie J , Thompson David R , McGuigan Karen , Watson Chris J , Heron Neil , Woodside Jayne V , Devaney Francis K , Harrison Nick , Neill Danielle T , Cutting David , Ski Chantal F 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimResearch has shown that families’ participation in a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programme could boost early adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours in families. Behaviour-based, eHealth interventions are a potential means of achieving this. This study aimed to explore expectations of families—parents and children—at risk of CVD towards the design and functionality of an eHealth family-based CVD-risk reduction programme ‘Health-e-Hearts’.Methods and resultsThree online focus groups were conducted with six families comprising at least one parent at risk of CVD and at least one child aged 5–17 years. The focus groups were video and audio recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was used to synthesize and identify key categories and subcategories regarding development of and engagement with an eHealth programme. Three categories emerged: experiences of health apps and devices; eHealth application needs of family members; and motivators for using an eHealth programme. Experiences included using health apps individually and inconsistently. Needs included personalization, free and easy-to-use, time efficient, and multiple content formats. Motivators for engaging with the programme included goal setting, rewards, and competition.ConclusionFamilies’ expectations of an eHealth family-based CVD-risk reduction programme include the incorporation of personalized, easy-to-use design features and motivators for engaging with the programme. Family involvement in the development of an eHealth programme such as ‘Health-e-Hearts’ has the potential to boost early adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours among all family members.