bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysical methods reveal a subsurface historic wastewater tunnel exposed by a sinkhole: a case study in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Parnadi Wahyudi Widyatmoko , Warsa Warsa , Nailufar Mira , Jubaedah Neng Endah , Ruchimat Acep 
Published: January 2025

Bandung City, the capital of West Java Province in Indonesia, has changed its physical face rapidly due to the many constructions of office buildings, hotels, and other facilities until now. To avoid the instability of existing buildings and for building construction in the future, knowledge of the subsurface conditions in the city must be enhanced. A sudden soil collapse in the yard of the PAG Building occurred in early 2018 and resulted in a sinkhole with a diameter of 5 m, which revealed a historic wastewater tunnel structure in the subsurface. Non-invasive, low-cost, and time-effective geophysical methods to solve those problems are proposed. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), widely applied to identify artificial objects underground, came to be used for these purposes. A research to know the suitability of both methods for application began with numerical simulation, followed by field measurement on 4 GPR and ERT lines and analysis of each method. The results show that GPR data, through both numerical and field data, could identify and locate the tunnel in a radargram due to its hyperbola shape, whereas ERT data provided the property contrast between the tunnel and its host. The results suggest that GPR and ERT techniques are effective for revealing water tunnels in the study area with a maximum depth of 1.8 m and a 65% reduction in size. These findings can be used as a guide to using both methods to reveal the water tunnel network in the central part of Bandung City for sustainable urban planning.
Community-based management of small reservoirs in an erosion-landslide-drought area in the dry tropical region of Kupang Regency
Authors: Punuf Defritus Aldrin , Sartohadi Junun , Setiawan M Anggri 
Published: January 2025

A crucial component of water supply in arid tropical regions is the construction of small reservoirs. Interestingly, various problems arise in the construction and management of small reservoirs, so the role of small reservoirs in providing surface water is considered less than optimal. This study aimed to identify problems that cause the function of small reservoirs to be less than optimal and to provide direction for small reservoir management in dry tropical areas. The investigation was carried out in two primary stages: site analysis to identify issues with small reservoir usability and regional analysis to identify physical characteristics regionally. Determining small reservoir points was carried out using SPOT 6/7 imagery with a resolution of 1.5 m. Land system maps and morphometry were used to analyze the physical characteristics of the small reservoir site. Field surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted to identify the benefits and limiting factors in the construction of small reservoirs. The results revealed small reservoirs are found in locations with low altitudes (0-100 masl) and undulating terrain (8-15%). According to the findings, 95.3% of small reservoirs were still water-filled. However, many problems resulted in the suboptimal utilization of small reservoirs. Specifically, the problems faced were structural damage due to 1) erosion-landslides (74.77%), 2) sedimentation (33.64%), 3) seepage (7.48%), 4) embankment collapse (6.54%), and 5) leakage (2.80%). Most of the community does not utilize the small reservoirs due to the limited infrastructure. Pipes to distribute water are only available at around 46.73%, while water tanks are only 43.93%. Directions for future management are aimed at 1) adding infrastructure, 2) sediment management, and 3) community-based management.
Knockdown of STAU1 inhibits inflammation and autophagy in in vitro chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model by regulating AMPK–mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Rixi , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, airway obstruction, and lung damage, often triggered by cigarette smoke. Dysregulated autophagy and inflammation are key contributors to its progression. Although double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 1 (STAU1), a multifunctional protein primarily involved in mRNA transport and localization, is identified as a potential biomarker, its role in COPD pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of STAU1 knockdown on inflammation and autophagy in an in vitro COPD model. We found that STAU1 expression was significantly elevated in the in vitro COPD model. Knockdown of STAU1 led to a marked reduction in inflammation in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Additionally, STAU1 knockdown suppressed autophagy in CSE-induced BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, it inhibited the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway. In summary, STAU1 knockdown inhibits inflammation and autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR axis. Targeting STAU1 could provide new avenues for the treatment of COPD.
Effect of sodium carbonate on nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of Indonesian <i>Mesona</i> Blume extract
Authors: Seah Romson , Siripongvutikorn Sunisa , Wichienchot Santad , Usawakesmanee Worapong 
Published: January 2025

Mesona plant has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatic and colon disorders, and inflammation. China is the main producer of dried Mesona, but Indonesian Mesona is also popular, particularly in Thailand because of inexpensiveness and quality consistency. The nutritive values, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of the Indonesian Mesona plant aqueous extracts from both with and without sodium carbonate (control) were determined. After separation, the supernatant and precipitated extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activities, such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results showed that the extracts from sample-added sodium carbonate yielded more crude protein, crude fat, and crude carbohydrate, compared to control extracts. Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of extract supernatants with and without sodium carbonate were higher than the precipitated extracts with and without treatment. Supernatant extract with and without sodium carbonate showed higher values of all tested antioxidant activities based on ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, compared to the precipitate extracts. The IC50 values of ABTS DPPH, and FRAP found in the supernatants with and without sodium carbonate were 0.18±0.13, 0.27±0.17, and 0.13±0.02 mg/mL and 0.25±0.02, 0.14±0.06, and 0.20±0.09 mg/mL, respectively, while the values of precipitates were 0.47±0.06, 0.61±0.02, and 0.34±0.01 mg/mL and 0.73±0.03, 0.29±0.08, and 0.32±0.04 mg/mL, respcetively. Plant extraction with addition of sodium carbonate revealed good nutritional value, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. Adding sodium carbonate improved the extraction process, with a higher yield, several bioactive compounds, and biological activities.
Enhancement of oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of flaxseed oil with cinnamon extract
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Ammar , Rehman Abdul , Tahir Nadeem Muhammad , Tanweer Saira , Mir Khan Usman , Saeed Kanza , Bano Yasmeen , Alsulami Tawfiq , Sajid Saleem Faraz , Morya Sonia , Ghafar Saba , Miguel Rocha João , Zubair Khalid Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Oxidation in edible oils and fats is one of the main problems faced by the fat and oil industry. Using natural antioxidants is considered the preferred choice to minimize the application of synthetic antioxidants in food products. The present study was conducted to extract cinnamon extract and evaluate its antioxidant potential. The cinnamon extract was incorporated in flaxseed oil samples at different concentrations of 0.5, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25% (v/v) and compared with the control (with no addition of natural/synthetic antioxidant) and another sample with 0.1% (v/v) of synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT]). The antioxidant activity of the flaxseed oil added with cinnamon extract was carried out by DPPH and FRAP assay. The extraction method, time and temperature treatments, and solvent concentrations significantly affected cinnamon extracts’ proximate composition, DPPH, and FRAP activity. Cinnamon extract showed higher flavonoid and total phenolic contents, which led to higher antioxidant activity. Phenolic contents were observed at 313.61 ± 19.83 mg GAE/100 g acetone extract. The DPPH assay showed a significant observation of 84.58 ± 3.80%, while the FRAP assay was 143.82 ± 11.21 μmol/g. During 28 days of storage, there was a significant decrease in free fatty acids, peroxide, iodine, and thiobarbituric acid values for the treatments with higher concentrations of cinnamon extract as compared to the control. The T1 and T2, exhibited PV of 4.69 and 4.53 milli-equivalents (meq/kg), respectively. The maximum value of peroxide was detected in T0 (4.78 meq/kg) and the lowest in TBHT (3.50 meq/kg), followed by T3 (3.97 meq/kg), T4 (3.94 meq/kg) and T5 (3.89 meq/kg). As compared to T0 and TBHT, cinnamon extract was significant in reducing the peroxide value. T0 showed the highest iodine value (198.51 I2/100 g), while TBHT and T5 showed the lowest iodine values of 173.76 and 175.29 g of I2 / 100 g, respectively. Moreover, T1, T2, T3, and T4 showed iodine values of 194.34, 195.10, 179.78, and 177.42 g of I2/100 g, respectively. The results revealed that the TBA value of oil increases with the increase of the storage period. T0 showed the highest TBA value (6.95 mg MDA/kg) and T5 had the lowest TBA value (5.92 mg MDA/kg). The TBA values of T1, T2, and T3 were 6.87, 6.63, and 6.68 mg MDA/kg, respectively. Overall, the cinnamon extract improved the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with no harmful effects on human health.
Assessing the effects of homofermentative <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> K25 and heterofermentative <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> 13-1 on the flavor and functional characteristics of fermented milk analyzed by metabolomics approach
Authors: Wu Jingwei , Zhang Min , Luo Tianqi , Liu Tongji , Ren Qingxia , Zhou Zengjia , Yang Zhennai , Aziz Tariq , Shami Ashwag , Al-Asmari Fahad , Fahad Alabbosh Khulood , El-Ghareeb Keshek Doaa 
Published: January 2025

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a significant role in milk fermentation; however, the impact of different LAB fermentation types on the metabolic characteristics of fermented milk remains poorly understood. In this study, homofermentative Lactoplantibacillus plantarum K25 and heterofermentative Limosilactobacillus fermentum 13-1 were utilized in yogurt fermentation to produce fermented milk samples D-Lp and D-Lf, respectively, which were compared to the control yogurt sample (D) in terms of flavor and functional properties. Analysis revealed that strain K25 enhanced the production of milky aroma compounds such as 2,3-butanedione (8.82±1.13 ng/g) and hexanoic acid (28.94±1.39 ng/g), while strain 13-1 led to a decrease in 2,3-butanedione (0 ng/g) and acetoin (0 ng/g) levels along with an increase in the content of both acetic acid (23.58±1.99 ng/g) and ethanol (9.92±0.93 ng/g). Both strains demonstrated potential in reducing the bitterness of fermented milk by decreasing the levels of bitter amino acids and dipeptides in samples. Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that strain 13-1 induced more significant metabolic changes in fermented milk compared to strain K25. Both strains influenced various amino acid metabolisms, with strain K25 promoting lysine degradation and strain 13-1 enhancing tyrosine metabolism. Furthermore, an increase in different types of bioactive compounds was observed in different fermented milk samples. This study enhances our understanding of LAB strain metabolism in fermented milk.
Gender Differences in Using Expressions of Agreement in Jordanian Spoken Arabic
Authors: Alharahsheh Entessar M. , Alharahsheh Rashed A. 
Published: January 2025

This research explores the different ways Jordanian male and female university students use expressions of agreement in correlation with the contextual situation in which a different addressee is involved. The sample of students consisted of 233 males and 380 females from different Jordanian universities. To collect the required data, a questionnaire was developed and given to the respondents. The questionnaire contained three different situations, each asking the respondents about the agreement expression that they would use with three different addressees. Jordanians males and females mostly use /t’ayeb/ طيب, /ma:ʃi/ ماشي, /tama:m/ تمام, and /əʊ ˈkeɪ/ اوك to show agreement when they are asked to do something by somebody. The study shows that these expressions are synonymous but vary according to the gender of both the speaker and the addressee. Females tend to use the variant /tama:m/ تمامin most formal contextual situations, i.e., with a university professor, whereas males are more apathetic regarding the formality of this situation, using the more casual variant /əʊ ˈkeɪ/ اوك. Furthermore, both males and females tend to be polite with their parents and avoid using borrowed foreign expressions, using the most polite variant, /t’ayeb/ طيب. In another contextual situation, i.e., a close friend, males tend mostly to use /ma:ʃi/ ماشيwithin their closed networks, showing that they are more strict in using the vernacular in such situations, whereas even with their close friends, females tend to use the borrowed variant /əʊ ˈkeɪ/ اوك to seem more casual and cool.
A study on patients with alcohol dependence syndrome on tablet baclofen in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: N. Harshitha , Kumar K. Pawan , Edagotu Sukanya , Pandiyan Kasthuri 
Published: January 2025

Background: Many clinical trials indicate that baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist has efficacy for alcohol dependence to reduce the cravings of alcohol and it may also have certain common or rare ADRs. Aim was to evaluate tablet baclofen’s adverse effects and sociodemographic profile in the treatment of ADS.
Methods: This study was carried out in MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital Bangalore, India. The socio-demographic questionnaire and NADRP was administered to 100 patients who was on tablet baclofen with alcohol dependence syndrome that were diagnosed according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, as well as 100 subject all of whom gave their informed consent. The data were analysed using Microsoft excel.
Results: As a result, this present data analysis revealing that alcohol addiction was more prevalent in the 36 to 50 age group, men among women. Primary school students were more addicted to alcohol, with non-professionals, rural areas, and nuclear families having higher addiction rates. Most alcohol dependence subjects have a tobacco history and comorbid mental and behavioral disorders. NADRP scales indicate no severe adverse drug reactions in alcohol dependence syndrome patients.
Conclusions: Results showed that ADS is more prevalent in the adults, married patients lack of education, occupation, and family size also contributed to addiction. Rural areas had higher alcohol addictions than urban ones, and nuclear families were more likely to abuse drugs. The study concluded that tab. baclofen is a rational medicine for treating ADS.
Phenylephrine causes anuria in a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Sahu Pratap Kumar , Kumar Dash Mahesh , Kpeno Audifax 
Published: January 2025

Phenylephrine is classified as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and used as a nasal decongestant. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common progressive disease in males over the age of 40, leading to urethral constriction. Alpha-1A (α1A) receptor blockers such as Silodosin are commonly prescribed to manage BPH symptoms. They relax the smooth muscle around the bladder exit, in the lower urinary tract and prostate gland to facilitate the passage of urine in BPH. However, when combined with alpha-adrenergic agonists such as Phenylephrine, this mechanism may be disrupted. This case report highlights contraindication of Phenylephrine in patients with BPH. It may induce anuria in patients with BPH. We present a case report of a diabetic, hypertensive and hypothyroidism patient with BPH suffering from anuria due to administration of an over-the-counter medicine containing Phenylephrine. Caution should be taken while prescribing Phenylephrine in BPH patients on medication with alpha-1A (α1A) receptor blockers.
Pneumococcal pneumonia complicating secondary bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient: a case report
Authors: Datta Sangeeta , Kumar Avinash , Sinha Manish Kumar , Chatarjee Biswaroop 
Published: January 2025

Pneumococcal pneumonia is a significant global public health issue, contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality, as well as placing a strain on healthcare systems. Here, we present the case of a 46-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with a sudden onset of shortness of breath and right-sided substernal chest pain on the day of admission, accompanied by fever and a productive cough. She displayed an increased respiratory rate and diminished vesicular breath sounds, with bilateral scattered rhonchi. Blood tests and chest radiological findings suggested an infectious etiology. Ultimately, Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated through microbiological culture from both sputum and blood samples, showing similar antimicrobial sensitivity, and appropriate management was initiated. She was discharged after five days of hospitalization, with an uneventful recovery. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship and pneumococcal vaccination are essential to combat this infection.
Power-efficient 4-bit 40-MS/s Time-domain 2-times Interpolating Flash ADC Using Complementary Latching Technique
Authors: Kim Beomjin , Oh Dongryeol 
Published: January 2025

We propose a power-efficient 4-bit 40-MS/s 2-times time-domain interpolating flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using complementary dynamic amplifiers (CDAs). The flash ADC can be utilized for high-speed data conversion. However, as the resolution of a conventional flash ADC increases, the number of comparators grows, resulting in greater area and higher power consumption. To address these drawbacks, we propose a comparator structure consisting of one CDA, two types of latches, and a 2-times time-domain interpolation technique using these CDAs. The CDA can amplify twice in one clock cycle, reducing the design burdens such as power consumption, high-speed clock drivers, and high-speed dynamic latches compared to the conventional dynamic amplifier (DA)-based flash ADC. A CDA-based time-domain interpolation technique is also applied to improve power and area efficiencies in the proposed flash ADC. The prototype ADC was fabricated using a 500 nm CMOS process (2-poly, 3-metal). Thanks to the power-efficient CDA and time-domain interpolation technique, the power efficiency of the proposed ADC can be improved by 42% compared to the DA-based flash ADC. The measured differential non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL) are -0.29/+0.17 LSB and -0.00/+0.30 LSB, respectively. The measured spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) at Nyquist input frequency are 36.63 dB and 24.21 dB, respectively, with a power consumption of 91 mW, and the figure of merit (FoM) is 172.6 pJ/conversion-step.
Investigation of the High Velocity Impact Test on the Curved Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Composites Using Explicit Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Faisal Batool Mardan , Abed K. A. , Mohammed Ayad Ali , Hussein Emad Kamil , Sharaf Hussein Kadhim , Santos Thiago , Santos Caroliny 
Published: January 2025

In this study, investigation of the high-Velocity Impact test on the curved glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites using explicit dynamics analysis has been performed using FEM. Four types of energy were examined: internal energy, kinetic energy, contact energy, and hourglass energy. The investigation revealed that the most significant variation occurred in the internal energy, reaching a peak value of 1.0e-3. Deformation due to impacted forces was considered accordingly. Three forces were considered accordingly: 1,2,3 kn. Based on the numerical analysis, the maximum deformation was reached 76 mm. Von Mises stress due to the applied load was considered as well. The von Mises stresses using explicit dynamic tools in analysis software. Three loads were considered for the general inspections till 3 KN. The numerical results proved that the maximum stress reached 22 MPa. This substantial change is primarily due to the alterations in the material’s morphology, indicating how the material's internal structure responded to the applied conditions. Kinetic energy, which relates to the motion of the material, and contact energy, which pertains to the interactions at the material’s surfaces, were also analyzed. However, these energies did not exhibit as pronounced changes as the internal energy.
Design and Implementation of a Data Preprocessing Automatic Assessment Module in Jupyter Notebook
Authors: Go HakNeung , Moon Hyunwoo , Lee Youngjun , Kim Seong-Won 
Published: January 2025

In data analysis, the preprocessing step is crucial, directly impacting the accuracy and reliability of results. While data preprocessing using a programming language offers capacity, speed, and reproducibility advantages, the complexity of learning programming languages and the scarcity of supportive educational tools pose significant challenges. This study introduces the Data Preprocessing Automatic Assessment (DPAA) module, designed to facilitate learning data preprocessing through programming. The DPAA module, developed using Python and Pandas, utilizes a model answer-based assessment method. It features a self-assessment mechanism that simultaneously displays the outputs of the student’s code alongside the model answer, highlighting discrepancies for visual emphasis. Additionally, it includes an automatic evaluation method that compares and evaluates results after transforming them into an array. Furthermore, feedback is provided when the student's answer is incorrect. An example was constructed to validate the DPAA module based on a tutorial from the official Pandas website. The DPAA module, along with examples, was reviewed by informatics teachers at a high school for gifted students and was confirmed for its effectiveness. The DPAA module is expected to support the learning of data preprocessing syntax using Pandas, thereby aiding in the broader application of Python in data analysis. This innovative tool promises to enhance educational outcomes by making the learning process more interactive and supportive, ultimately fostering a deeper understanding of data preprocessing techniques.