bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frost Protection Case Study in Orchards
Authors: Lakatos L , Brotodjojo R R R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In two important fruit-growing areas of Hungary (Siófok, Pallag) we analyzed some frost protection methods used in practice, such as paraffin candles, frostbuster and frost protection irrigation. The frost protection experiment was set up by spraying the fruit trees with water at different intervals for half a minute. The canopy of each tree contained 4 thermometers, the average value of which was used to characterize the efficiency of frost protection irrigation. The effectiveness of frost protection in the canopy of the fruit tree can be characterized by the temperature measurable during the protection. The combined presence of sub-freezing water and ice, the freed heat of freezing, keeps the temperature near the protected flowers above 0 ° C, while the ambient air is up to -8 ° C. Frostbuster is a new frost protection technology developed primarily for frost protection in orchards. The device works by butane combustion and produces high (80-90 ° C) temperatures with strong air blowing. The device is towed by a tractor, so it is suitable for protecting up to 5-7 hectares. In the event of severe frosts, the tractor speed must be increased and it is advisable to reduce the size of the protected area. Paraffin candles are placed in a row between the trees. Between every tree or every second tree. As a result, up to a thousand paraffin candles can be placed in each hectare of the protected plantation. Applying them means a lot of human labor and high cost. Our study confirmed that Fostbusteres and paraffin candles only protect against frost up to -4 ° C, while antifreeze irrigation provided effective protection against frosts of up to -7 degrees.
Characteristics of Nutrients on Functional Bread with Additional Red Bean, Soy Bean, and Corn as Food Supplementation for Stunting Children Under Five
Authors: Helmizar  , Sakinah R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Stunting is a part of wider nutrition crisis found in one out of four children under five in Indonesia. Functionally, the bread made from red bean, soy bean, and corn was categorized as functional bread. As a functional food, it contains nutritional components that are useful and effective for health, such as amino acid, protein, vitamin, and mineral. It also supports physical growth and brain development of stunting children. The study design was True Experimental Design using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This study was initiated with the analysis of biochemical nutrition value at Food Technology Laboratory in Andalas University. The result shows that a total of 100 grams of bread contains additional flour of 30 grams of red bean, 30 grams of soya bean, and 20 grams of corn. It has nutritional value of 43,64 grams of carbohydrate, 16,91 grams of protein, 10,38 grams of fat, and 335,6 kcal of calories. Nutrients in the bread with additional red bean, soy bean, and corn are potential as food supplementation, especially for stunting children under five.
‘Why did he do it? Because he’s a Fucking Bloke’: Victim Insights into the Perpetration of Street Harassment
Authors: Hindes Sophie , Fileborn Bianca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite the pervasive nature of street harassment, there is currently little research exploring who perpetrates street harassment and why. Drawing on interviews with Australians who have experienced street harassment, we examine their insights into perpetration. Participants identified individual-level, social/cultural, structural and contextual factors that facilitate street harassment. While existing theoretical explanations of gendered violence help to account for the perpetration of street harassment, these were not sufficient in accounting for participants’ experiences. Participants often drew on gendered, aged, classed and racial stereotypes in their perceptions of perpetrators. We argue that a nuanced understanding of power that accounts for multiple, intersecting forms of marginalisation is needed to understand who perpetrates, as well as who is perceived to perpetrate street harassment.
Oral Microbiome of Crohn’s Disease Patients With and Without Oral Manifestations
Authors: Hu Shijia , Mok John , Gowans Michelle , Ong David E H , Hartono Juanda Leo , Lee Jonathan Wei Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory destruction in Crohn’s disease [CD]. Although gut microbiome dysbiosis is well established in CD, the oral microbiome is comparatively under-studied. This study aims to characterize the oral microbiome of CD patients with/without oral manifestations.

Methods
Patients with CD were recruited with age-, gender- and race-matched controls. Potential confounders such as dental caries and periodontal condition were recorded. The oral microbiome was collected using saliva samples. Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced using shotgun sequencing. Metagenomic taxonomic and functional profiles were generated and analysed.

Results
The study recruited 41 patients with CD and 24 healthy controls. Within the CD subjects, 39.0% had oral manifestations with the majority presenting with cobblestoning and/or oral ulcers. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated distinct oral microbiome profiles between subjects with and without CD, with four key variables responsible for overall oral microbiome variance: [1] diagnosis of CD, [2] concomitant use of steroids, [3] concomitant use of azathioprine and 4] presence of oral ulcers. Thirty-two significant differentially abundant microbial species were identified, with the majority associated with the diagnosis of CD. A predictive model based on differences in the oral microbiome found that the oral microbiome has strong discriminatory function to distinguish subjects with and without CD [AUROC 0.84]. Functional analysis found that an increased representation of microbial enzymes [n = 5] in the butyrate pathway was positively associated with the presence of oral ulcers.

Conclusions
The oral microbiome can aid in the diagnosis of CD and its composition was associated with oral manifestations.
A suboptimal control of linear time-delay problems via dynamic programming
Authors: Gooran Orimi Atefeh , Effati Sohrab , Farahi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study a class of infinite horizon optimal control problems with a state delay, and investigate the dynamic programming approach which leverages the sufficient optimality conditions and provides a closed-loop solution. Importantly, the well-known Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is applied to relate the solution of the problem to the solution of a set of three Riccati-type matrix differential equations. We then present an analytic-based approach to solve the resultant equations and subsequently provide a suboptimal closed-loop solution for the considered problem. We prove the uniform convergence of the proposed approach and show that the presented closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the Lyapunov sense. Furthermore, the observability of the linear time-delay system is discussed and proved. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Encoding laboratory testing data: case studies of the national implementation of HHS requirements and related standards in five laboratories
Authors: Cholan Raja A , Pappas Gregory , Rehwoldt Greg , Sills Andrew K , Korte Elizabeth D , Appleton I Khalil , Scott Natalie M , Rubinstein Wendy S , Brenner Sara A , Merrick Riki , Hadden Wilbur C , Campbell Keith E , Waters Michael S 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssess the effectiveness of providing Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®)-to-In Vitro Diagnostic (LIVD) coding specification, required by the United States Department of Health and Human Services for SARS-CoV-2 reporting, in medical center laboratories and utilize findings to inform future United States Food and Drug Administration policy on the use of real-world evidence in regulatory decisions.Materials and MethodsWe compared gaps and similarities between diagnostic test manufacturers’ recommended LOINC® codes and the LOINC® codes used in medical center laboratories for the same tests.ResultsFive medical centers and three test manufacturers extracted data from laboratory information systems (LIS) for prioritized tests of interest. The data submission ranged from 74 to 532 LOINC® codes per site. Three test manufacturers submitted 15 LIVD catalogs representing 26 distinct devices, 6956 tests, and 686 LOINC® codes. We identified mismatches in how medical centers use LOINC® to encode laboratory tests compared to how test manufacturers encode the same laboratory tests. Of 331 tests available in the LIVD files, 136 (41%) were represented by a mismatched LOINC® code by the medical centers (chi-square 45.0, 4 df, P &lt; .0001).DiscussionThe five medical centers and three test manufacturers vary in how they organize, categorize, and store LIS catalog information. This variation impacts data quality and interoperability.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that providing the LIVD mappings was not sufficient to support laboratory data interoperability. National implementation of LIVD and further efforts to promote laboratory interoperability will require a more comprehensive effort and continuing evaluation and quality control.
A Genetic Bottleneck of Mitochondrial DNA During Human Lymphocyte Development
Authors: Tang Zhongjie , Lu Zhaolian , Chen Baizhen , Zhang Weixing , Chang Howard Y. , Hu Zheng , Xu Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide critical support for energetic and metabolic homeostasis. Although the elimination of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in somatic cells has been observed, the mechanisms to maintain proper functions despite their mtDNA mutation load are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed somatic mtDNA mutations in more than 30,000 single human peripheral and bone marrow mononuclear cells. We observed a significant overrepresentation of homoplasmic mtDNA mutations in B, T, and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. Intriguingly, their overall mutational burden was lower than that in hematopoietic progenitors and myeloid cells. This characteristic mtDNA mutational landscape indicates a genetic bottleneck during lymphoid development, as confirmed with single-cell datasets from multiple platforms and individuals. We further demonstrated that mtDNA replication lags behind cell proliferation in both pro-B and pre-B progenitor cells, thus likely causing the genetic bottleneck by diluting mtDNA copies per cell. Through computational simulations and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), we recapitulated this lymphocyte-specific mutational landscape and estimated the minimal mtDNA copies as &lt;30 in T, B, and NK lineages. Our integrative analysis revealed a novel process of a lymphoid-specific mtDNA genetic bottleneck, thus illuminating a potential mechanism used by highly metabolically active immune cells to limit their mtDNA mutation load.
Monitoring the Increase in the U.S. Smoking Cessation Rate and Its Implication for Future Smoking Prevalence
Authors: Méndez David , Le Thuy T T , Warner Kenneth E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
We calculate the U.S. adult smoking cessation rate for 2014–2019, compare it to the historical trend, and estimate the implication for future smoking prevalence.

Methods
We repeated an earlier analysis, which examined the cessation rate from 1990 to 2014, extending the period to 2019. Employing National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data, we estimated the adult cessation rate in 6-year intervals, using weighted nonlinear least squares. We then employed a meta-regression model to test whether the cessation rate has increased beyond expectation. We used cessation rate estimates and smoking initiation rate estimates to project smoking prevalence in 2030 and eventual steady-state prevalence.

Results
The annual cessation rate increased 29% using NHIS data (from 4.2% in 2008–2013 to 5.4% in 2014–2019) and 33% with NSDUH data (4.2%–5.6%). The cessation rate increase accounts for 60% of a smoking prevalence decline in the most recent period exceeding the 1990–2013 predicted trend. The remaining 40% owes to declining smoking initiation. With current initiation and cessation rates, smoking prevalence should fall to 8.3% in 2030 and eventually reach a steady state of 3.53%.

Conclusions
The smoking cessation rate continued to increase during 2014–2019. NHIS and NSDUH results are practically identical. The larger share (60%) of the smoking prevalence decrease, beyond expectation, attributable to the increased cessation rate is encouraging since the positive health effects of cessation occur much sooner than those derived from declining initiation.

Implications
The smoking cessation rate in the United States continues to increase, accelerating the decline in smoking prevalence. This increase suggests that the Healthy People 2030 goal of 5% adult smoking prevalence, while ambitious, is attainable. Our findings can be used in simulation and statistical models that aim to predict future prevalence and population health effects due to smoking under various scenarios.
Political Networks and Stock Price Comovement: Evidence from Network-Connected Firms in China
Authors: Piotroski Joseph D , Wong T J , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, we examine whether comovement in the stock prices of pairs of Chinese firms connected to the same political network are systematically shaped by the prevailing coordination versus competition incentives of that network’s politicians. We find strong evidence from 2000 to 2012 (Jiang’s and Hu’s regimes) that stock price comovement is affected by the embeddedness of the firm–politician ties within the network. Among pairs of firms connected to a network through a common politician, we document an increase in stock price comovement. For those pairs of firms connected to a common network via separate politicians (rather than a common politician), we document a relative decrease in stock price comovement. This negative effect suggests that politicians’ relationships within these political networks are generally adversarial rather than cooperative in nature. These results become significantly weaker during Xi’s regime from 2013 to 2017, suggesting that Xi’s anti-corruption campaign and state-owned enterprise reforms may have attenuated these political network effects on the firms. Our additional tests also show that stock price comovement becomes even more positive (negative) in settings which are expected to increase the coordination or decrease the competition (decrease the coordination or increase the competition) of the politicians.
PRAME Expression in Junctional Melanocytic Proliferations of the Conjunctiva: A Potential Biomarker for Primary Acquired Melanosis/Conjunctival Melanocytic Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Huang Yuan Y. , Hrycaj Steven M. , Chan May P. , Stagner Anna M. , Patel Rajiv M. , Bresler Scott C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Conjunctival melanocytic proliferations are diagnostically challenging, often complicated by small specimen size, and are separated into 3 broad categories. The first group includes benign nevi and primary acquired melanosis (PAM) without atypia. The second group includes junctional melanocytic proliferations with a risk of progression to invasive melanoma (PAM with atypia). The last category is conjunctival melanoma, of which 65% of tumors arise in the setting of PAM with atypia. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry has been widely adopted to differentiate cutaneous nevi and melanoma. However, there are limited studies on its utility in the evaluation of conjunctival melanocytic proliferations with little data regarding its potential utility in stratifying PAM. Twenty-eight clinically annotated cases (14 PAM without atypia and 14 PAM with atypia) were retrospectively evaluated with PRAME/MART-1 duplex immunohistochemistry and were assigned the commonly used PRAME immunoreactivity score: 0 for no staining, 1+ for 1%–25% of cells positive, 2+ for 26%–50%, 3+ for 51%–75%, and 4+ for >75%. PAM without atypia showed low (0–3+) PRAME expression in 14 of 14 cases (100%). PAM with atypia showed strong and diffuse (4+) PRAME expression in 12 of 14 cases (86.7%). Seven of eight (87.5%) PAM with severe atypia, 4 of 4 PAM (100%) with moderate atypia, and 1 of 2 PAM (50%) with mild atypia showed 4+ PRAME expression. In addition, all 5 cases that recurred or progressed (all classified as PAM with atypia) showed 4+ PRAME expression. Although additional larger studies are needed, PRAME seems to be a useful adjunct in evaluating junctional melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva.
Association Between Dietary Salt Intake and Open Angle Glaucoma in the Thessaloniki Eye Study
Authors: Tseng Victoria L. , Topouzis Fotis , Yu Fei , Keskini Christina , Pappas Theofanis , Founti Panayiota , Anastasopoulos Eleftherios , Harris Alon , Wilson M. Roy , Coleman Anne L. 
Published: April 2022

Précis:
In the Thessaloniki Eye Study (TES) incidence phase population, frequent dietary salt intake was potentially associated with increased risk of open angle glaucoma in antihypertensive users.

Purpose:
The aim was to examine the association between dietary salt intake and glaucoma by antihypertensive use in the TES population.

Materials and Methods:
The study population included TES incidence phase participants. Dietary salt intake frequency was assessed by self-report. Outcomes included prevalence of any open angle glaucoma (OAG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Covariates included demographics, cardiovascular disease, migraines, diabetes, steroid use, smoking, history of cataract surgery, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and antihypertensive use. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between frequency of salt intake and glaucoma, controlling for covariates and stratified by antihypertensive use.

Results:
The study included 1076 participants 80.5±4.4 years old, of whom 518 were female. There were 89/1076 (8.3%) participants with any OAG, 46/789 (5.8%) with POAG, and 287/1030 (27.9%) with PEX. In participants with antihypertensive use, frequent versus never salt intake was associated with increased risk of any OAG [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12, 6.28; n=784] and POAG (aOR=3.59, 95% CI=1.16, 11.11; n=578) overall, and additionally in participants with diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg (aOR=2.42, 95% CI=1.00, 5.84; n=735) for OAG. There were no statistically significant adjusted associations between salt intake and PEX, or in participants without antihypertensive use.

Conclusions:
In TES participants assessed for OAG in the prevalence and incidence phases, frequent salt intake may be associated with increased OAG in those who take antihypertensive medication. Further investigation is needed of salt intake and glaucoma in hypertensive individuals.
A shift towards household lending during the Fintech era: the role of financial literacy and credit information sharing
Authors: Le Tu DQ 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the determinants of a shift in lending towards household sectors during the growth of fintech credit using a sample of 41 countries between 2015 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a fixed-effects model by adding indicators for geographic areas and year dummy variables to achieve this objective.FindingsThe findings show that the household credit to firm credit ratio is positively associated with credit information sharing and financial literacy, emphasising the importance of credit information sharing mechanism and financial literacy to household credit growth. More interestingly, the findings show that fintech credit development plays a more critical role in the evolution of firm credit than household credit. Nonetheless, fintech credit development may complement the growth of conventional lending. The results still hold when using several robustness checks.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to examine the roles of credit information sharing, financial literacy and fintech credit development in a shift in lending activities towards households.
Last mile delivery in logistics and supply chain management: a bibliometric analysis and future directions
Authors: Ha Nghiep Tuan , Akbari Mohammadreza , Au Bill 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review (SLR) and structured insight into last mile delivery, ultimately identifying gaps in current knowledge and proposing a framework for future research direction in terms of sustainability in the area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies and synthesizes information from academic journals and examines “Journals and Publishing place,” “Geographic location,” “Year of Publication,” “University and Author Affiliation,” “Themes and Sub-themes,” “Theory,” “Research Design, Methods and Area” and “Industry Involvement.” A collection of online databases from 2005 to 2020 were explored, using the keywords “Last mile delivery,” “Last mile logistics,” “Last mile transportation,” “Last mile fulfillment,” “Last mile operations” and “Last mile distribution” in their title and/or abstract and/or keywords. Accordingly, a total of 281 journal articles were found in this discipline area, and data were derived from a succession of variables.FindingsThere has been significant growth in published articles concerning last mile delivery over the last 15 years (2005–2020). An in-depth review of the literature shows five dimensions of the last mile: last mile delivery, transportation, operations, distribution and logistics. Each of these dimensions is interrelated and possess clustered characteristics. For instance, last mile operations, last mile transportation and last mile delivery are operational, whereas last mile distribution is tactical, and last mile logistics possess strategic characteristics. The findings also indicate that even though the sustainability concept can be incorporated into all levels of the last mile, the current literature landscape mainly concentrates on the operational level.Research limitations/implicationsThis review is limited to academic sources available from Emerald Insight, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Springer, MDPI and IEEE containing the mentioned keywords in the title and/or abstract/or keywords. Furthermore, only papers from high-quality, peer-reviewed journals were evaluated. Other sources such as books and conference papers were not included.Practical implicationsThis study dissects last mile delivery to produce a framework that captures and presents its complex characteristics and its interconnectedness with various related components. By analyzing last mile delivery in its entirety, the framework also helps practitioners pinpoint which levels of last mile delivery (operation, tactical or strategic) they can incorporate the concept of sustainability.Originality/valueThe research findings enrich the contemporary literature landscape and future work by providing a conceptual framework that incorporates the “economic,” “environmental” and “social” pillars of sustainability in all dimensions of the last mile delivery.