bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A data examination on a supermarket dataset in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Yung Tai , Yang Hao-Wei , Lo Ming-Min , Wu Hsin-Hung 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to focus on a database from a supermarket for market segmentation.Design/methodology/approachRather than using the questionnaire to collect the customers' purchase behaviors, this study uses a database from a supermarket as an example to illustrate how market segmentation can be performed by adding useful variables particularly from behavioral variables and through Chi-square test and analysis of variance.FindingsThe illustration of the database from a branch supermarket shows that two demographic variables (gender and age group) and two behavioral variables (date of transactions and time of purchase) are critical variables for market segmentation when total money spent and purchased merchandize items are taken into consideration.Practical implicationsThis case study can be a reference for supermarket practitioners to follow in order to increase profit and to provide better services for their customers.Originality/valueNo studies have been found to combine demographic variables, behavioral variables, merchandize items and total amount for market segmentation simultaneously. Different combinations of demographic variables, behavioral variables and merchandize items can be further used to perform market segmentation more effectively. This framework used in this case study can be further applied in similar industries including retail industries for market segmentation as well as to fulfill customer needs in practice.
Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization by the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS‐3 reveals chain length‐dependent polyphosphate degradation
Authors: Adams Jamee C. , Steffen Rachel , Chou Chau‐Wen , Duhamel Solange , Diaz Julia M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is a critical nutritional resource for marine microbial communities. However, the relative bioavailability of different types of DOP, such as phosphomonoesters (P‐O‐C) and phosphoanhydrides (P‐O‐P), is poorly understood. Here we assess the utilization of these P sources by a representative bacterial copiotroph, Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS‐3. All DOP sources supported equivalent growth by R. pomeroyi, and all DOP hydrolysis rates were upregulated under phosphorus depletion (−P). A long‐chain polyphosphate (45polyP) showed the lowest hydrolysis rate of all DOP substrates tested, including tripolyphosphate (3polyP). Yet the upregulation of 45polyP hydrolysis under −P was greater than any other substrate analyzed. Proteomics revealed three common P acquisition enzymes potentially involved in polyphosphate utilization, including two alkaline phosphatases, PhoD and PhoX, and one 5′‐nucleotidase (5′‐NT). Results from DOP substrate competition experiments show that these enzymes likely have broad substrate specificities, including chain length‐dependent reactivity toward polyphosphate. These results confirm that DOP, including polyP, are bioavailable nutritional P sources for R. pomeroyi, and possibly other marine heterotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the chain‐length dependent mechanisms, rates and regulation of polyP hydrolysis suggest that these processes may influence the composition of DOP and the overall recycling of nutrients within marine dissolved organic matter.
Behavioral determinants of antibiotic resistance: The role of social information
Authors: Böhm Robert , Holtmann‐Klenner Cindy , Korn Lars , Santana Ana Paula , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increasing development of resistant pathogens is one of the greatest global health challenges. As antibiotic overuse amplifies antibiotic resistance, antibiotic intake poses a social dilemma in which individuals need to decide whether to prosocially reduce their intake in the collective interest versus to (over)use it even in case of mild diseases. We devise a novel behavioral game paradigm to model the social dilemma of antibiotic intake. Using this new method in an incentivized laboratory experiment (N = 272 German participants), we varied whether players had mutual knowledge about their antibiotic intake. The results indicate that there was substantial antibiotic overuse in the absence of social information. Overuse decreased when social information was present. Our postexperimental survey data further suggest that social information impacts people's behavioral motivation, evaluation of the other player, and positive affect. Taken together, providing social information about people's antibiotic intake may help in reducing antibiotic overuse. On a more general level, the novel behavioral game may be adapted to study other aspects of antibiotic intake to promote prudent use of antibiotics.
Effect of transition to an automated milking system for a tie‐stall barn on milk production and cow condition
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki , Saito Takashi , Osawa Yuki , Kemmei Koji , Uchiyama Yu , Kawauchi Daisuke , Ishida Mitsuyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of the transition from a conventional milking (CM) system in a tie‐stall barn to an automated milking (AM) system specialized for a tie‐stall barn on milk yield, milk composition, teat‐end score, body condition score (BCS), and lying time was evaluated. This study was conducted at a commercial dairy farm from −15 to 153 days after the installation of the AM system. Lactating cows milked with the CM system (average 85 heads) were gradually transitioned to the AM system, and finally, 57 heads were milked with the AM system. No obvious effects of the milking system on milk yield, milk components, BCS, and daily lying time were found based on comparisons between CM and AM cows in the same herd under the same situation of twice‐daily milking. The linear mixed‐effects model for teat‐end scores showed higher scores for front than for rear teats, and small but negative estimates for independent variables of the day after AM, indicating worse teat‐end condition for front than for rear teats and improvement of the condition with increased time since AM.
Why young people stop taking their attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication: A thematic analysis of interviews with young people
Authors: Titheradge Daniel , Godfrey Jo , Eke Helen , Price Anna , Ford Tamsin , Janssens Astrid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that can persist into adulthood. Young people often stop taking ADHD medication during adolescence despite evidence that continuation would be beneficial. Increasingly, young people are restarting medication in early adulthood suggesting that cessation was premature. In this paper we explore the reasons given by young people for discontinuing ADHD medication.MethodsQualitative data from the Children and Adolescents with ADHD in Transition between Children's and Adult Services (CATCh‐uS) project was analysed to look for reasons for stopping medication. Semi‐structured interviews with three groups of young people were analysed using thematic and framework analysis; this included young people prior to transition (n = 21); young people that had successfully transitioned to adult services (n = 22); and young people who left children's services prior to transition but re‐entered adult services later (n = 21).ResultsReasons given by young people for stopping ADHD medication included the following: the perceived balance between benefits and adverse effects of medication; perceptions of ADHD as a childhood or educational disorder; life circumstance of the young person and challenges young people faced in accessing services.ConclusionsA multidimensional approach is needed to address discontinuation of ADHD medication in order to improve the long‐term prospects and quality of life for these young people. Possible approaches include access to non‐pharmacological treatments and improved psychoeducation. As many reasons given by young people are not unique to ADHD, these findings are also of relevance to medication adherence in other chronic childhood conditions.
Growing sideways: Re‐articulating ontologies of childhood within/through relationships and sexuality education (RSE)
Authors: Atkinson Catherine , Coll Leanne , McBride Ruari‐Santiago , Whittington Elsie , Zanatta Francesca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a collaborative reflective‐thinking‐writing project that draws from the authors’ experiences of co‐productive and critical inquiry with children in the field of gender, sexualities and education. Integrating our collective concerns regarding how childhood can be negatively framed and policed within/through RSE, we explore how these ontological boundaries might be queered through a collective engagement with the possibilities for/of RSE that is affirmative, playful and co‐produced with, rather than for, children.
Predicting the severity of COVID‐19 patients using a multi‐threaded evolutionary feature selection algorithm
Authors: Deniz Ayça , Kiziloz Hakan Ezgi , Sevinc Ender , Dokeroglu Tansel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has huge effects on the global community and an extreme burden on health systems. There are more than 185 million confirmed cases and 4 million deaths as of July 2021. Besides, the exponential rise in COVID‐19 cases requires a quick prediction of the patients' severity for better treatment. In this study, we propose a Multi‐threaded Genetic feature selection algorithm combined with Extreme Learning Machines (MG‐ELM) to predict the severity level of the COVID‐19 patients. We conduct a set of experiments on a recently published real‐world dataset. We reprocess the dataset via feature construction to improve the learning performance of the algorithm. Upon comprehensive experiments, we report the most impactful features and symptoms for predicting the patients' severity level. Moreover, we investigate the effects of multi‐threaded implementation with statistical analysis. In order to verify the efficiency of MG‐ELM, we compare our results with traditional and state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.
Ambient pH regulates lactate catabolism pathway of the ruminal Megasphaera elsdenii BE2-2083 and Selenomonas ruminantium HD4
Authors: Fan Yaotian , Xia Guangliang , Jin Yaqian , Wang Hongrong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
To explore the impact of ambient pH on lactate catabolism by Megasphaera elsdenii BE2-2083 and Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 in both pure culture and in binary mixed culture.

Methods and results
The growth rate, substrate consumption, product formation, enzymatic activity and gene expression of M. elsdenii and S. ruminantium at various pHs were examined. Furthermore, the metabolism of lactate catabolism pathways for M. elsdenii and S. ruminantium in the co-culture system was investigated by chasing the conversion of sodium L-[3-13C]-lactate in nuclear magnetic resonance. In the pure culture systems, ambient pH had significant effects on the growth of M. elsdenii, whereas S. ruminantium was less sensitive to pH changes. In addition, lactate metabolic genes and activities of key enzymes were affected by ambient pH in M. elsdenii and S. ruminantium. In the co-culture system, low ambient pH reduced the contribution lactate catabolism by M. elsdenii.

Conclusion
M. elsdenii BE2-2083 and S. ruminantium HD4 lactate degradation affected by ambient pH.

Significance and impact of the study
This study demonstrates the regulatory mechanisms of lactate decomposing bacteria in lactate catabolism under the condition of subacute ruminal acidosis.
Nursing management of emergency department violence—Can we do more?
Authors: Timmins Fiona , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Ottonello Giulia , Napolitano Francesca , Musio Maria Emma , Aleo Giuseppe , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmergency departments are the services with the highest risk of violence for nurses. Reports of violence in health care have increased exponentially in the last decade. Front line hospital services are more at risk, and worldwide there are attempts to quantify, manage and prevent episodes of violence, but no consistent solutions have yet been identified.AimsTo stimulate reflection on causal factors of violence against nurses in emergency departments and discuss potential solutions and strategies for aspects that largely remain unresolved.DesignA position paper underpinned by experiences and evidence reported in the literature.MethodsA search of Scopus and CINAHL using the term ‘violence’ provided information concerning the prevalence of the term ‘violence’ in contemporary literature and enabled to capture a general overview of contributing factors of violence and current approaches to its management and prevention.ConclusionsHowever, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. The main risk factors present conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of overcrowding and long waiting times.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMore is needed in terms of implementation of more far‐reaching, holistic, practical and effective management solutions to promote nurses’ safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.
Assessment of the influence of gluten quality on highland barley dough sheet quality by different instruments
Authors: Wang Tianxiu , Jiang Yiyi , Liu Shuyi , Obadi Mohammed , Xu Bin , Jiang Song 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study was to compare the results of texture analyzer with those of farinograph and extensograph and determine whether texture analyzer could be used to evaluate the processing quality of highland barley flour (HBF) dough sheet. The farinograph and extensograph tests were used to determine the reconstituted flour properties, a texture analyzer was applied to measure the tensile strength (TS) of HBF dough sheet, and the content of glutenin macropolymer (GMP), free sulfhydryl (‐SH) and secondary structure of protein and microstructure in HBF dough sheet were investigated. Furthermore, correlations between these parameters were determined by regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. It was suggested that the reconstituted flours with a higher gluten index showed a higher farinograph quality number (FQN) and greater maximum resistance to extension (Rm). HBF dough sheets with higher gluten index possessed higher GMP and lower free ‐SH contents, a more ordered secondary structure of protein, resulting in a more compact gluten network and a stronger TS. The regression and correlation analysis showed that TS was positively correlated with FQN and Rm. In addition, it was significantly correlated with the content of GMP, ‐SH, secondary structure of protein and gluten network. It was concluded that texture analyzer could be an alternative approach to evaluate the processing quality of HBF dough sheet. Moreover, the gluten index of flours could be used to predict the processing quality of HBF dough sheet.
Reducing errors in guided implant surgery to optimize treatment outcomes
Authors: Chackartchi Tali , Romanos Georgios E. , Parkanyi Laszlo , Schwarz Frank , Sculean Anton 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClinical considerations and treatment criteria in implant placement are constantly evolving. Prosthetically driven implant surgery has become the standard of care to improve short and long‐term functional and esthetic outcomes. Therefore, implant position and angulation are planned according to the available bone, anatomical structures, and the requirements of the future prosthetic superstructure. In parallel with these developments, significant progress has been made in data imaging and different software technologies to allow the integration of data within a digital file format. Digitalization in implant surgery enables optimal planning of implant position, as well as the ability to transfer this planning to the surgical field—a process defined as “computer‐supported implant planning and guided surgery.” The aims of the present review are as follows: (a) to critically appraise the indications and potential “added value” of guided implant surgery, elaborating the main differences between dynamic and static guidance; and (b) to discuss the most important clinical considerations relevant for the different steps of the workflow that might influence the surgical outcome and to offer recommendations on how to avoid or reduce process errors in order to optimize treatment outcomes.
Risk‐layering and optimal insurance uptake under ambiguity: With an application to farmers exposed to drought risk in Austria
Authors: Birghila Corina , Pflug Georg Ch. , Hochrainer‐Stigler Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany risks we face today will very likely not stay the same over time. For example, it is expected that climate change will alter future risks of natural disaster events considerably and, as a consequence, current risk management and governance strategies may not be effective anymore. Large ambiguities arise if future climate change impacts should be taken into account for analyzing risk management options today. Risk insurance, while albeit only one of many risk management actions possible, plays an important role in current societies for dealing with extremes. A natural starting point for our analysis is therefore the question of how ambiguity may be incorporated in a world with changing risks. To shed light on this question, we study how ambiguity can affect the uptake of insurance and risk mitigation within a risk‐layer approach where each layer is quantified using distortion risk measures that should reflect the risk aversion of a decisionmaker toward extreme losses. Importantly, we obtain a closed‐form solution for such a problem statement which allows an efficient numerical implementation. We apply this model to a case study of drought risk for Austrian farmers and address the question how ambiguity will affect the risk layers of different types of farmers and how subsidies may help to deal with current and future risks. We found that especially for small‐scale farmers the consequences of increasing risk and model ambiguity are pronounced and subsidies are especially needed in this case to cover the high‐risk layer.
Combined effects of maximal oxygen uptake and glucose status on mortality: The Prospective KIHD cohort study
Authors: Kurl Sudhir , Hakkarainen Pirjo , Voutilainen Ari , Lönnroos Eija 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the combined effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and prediabetes or diabetes on cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality.Patients and methodsThis prospective study evaluated a population‐based cohort of 1562 men aged 42–60 years at baseline (1984–1989). We utilized maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for assessing aerobic capacity and CRF in the cohort and stratified participants into six groups according to both their glucose status (diabetes, prediabetes, or no diabetes) and whether they were below‐ or above‐median VO2max. Deaths in the cohort were recorded till December 31 2016. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. Smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, and socioeconomic status served as covariates in the mortality analyses.ResultsDuring the follow‐up (mean 24.2 years), 341 men died from cardiovascular and 468 men from noncardiovascular causes. When compared to men with no diabetes and above‐median VO2max, the presence of either diabetes (HR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.27–7.40) or prediabetes (HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.18–3.73) combined with below‐median VO2max increased the risk of cardiovascular death. Noncardiovascular mortality was increased by low oxygen uptake in men with prediabetes (HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.30–3.84), and among men with diabetes, the increase was not statistically significant (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.91–4.32).ConclusionsCardiorespiratory fitness modifies the risk of death related to prediabetes and diabetes. This highlights the importance of CRF assessment and interventions to support the uptake of regular physical activity among aging men with disturbed glucose metabolism.
Editors' Introduction to Networks of the Mind: How Can Network Science Elucidate Our Understanding of Cognition?
Authors: Kenett Yoed N. , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThinking is complex. Over the years, several types of methods and paradigms have developed across the psychological, cognitive, and neural sciences to study such complexity. A rapidly growing multidisciplinary quantitative field of network science offers quantitative methods to represent complex systems as networks, or graphs, and study the network properties of these systems. While the application of network science to study the brain has greatly advanced our understanding of the brains structure and function, the application of these tools to study cognition has been done to a much lesser account. This topic is a collection of papers that discuss the fruitfulness of applying network science to study cognition across a wide scope of research areas from generalist accounts of memory and encoding, to individual differences, to communities, and finally to cultural and individual change.
Generic analysis method to learn from serious adverse events in Dutch hospitals: a human factors perspective
Authors: Baartmans Mees Casper , Van Schoten Steffie Marijke , Wagner Cordula 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHospitals in various countries such as the Netherlands investigate and analyse serious adverse events (SAEs) to learn from previous events and attempt to prevent recurrence. However, current methods for SAE analysis do not address the complexity of healthcare and investigations typically focus on single events on the hospital level. This hampers hospitals in their ambition to learn from SAEs. Integrating human factors thinking and using a holistic and more consistent method could improve learning from SAEs.AimThis study aims to develop a novel generic analysis method (GAM) to: (1) facilitate a holistic event analysis using a human factors perspective and (2) ease aggregate analysis of events across hospitals.MethodsMultiple steps of carefully evaluating, testing and continuously refining prototypes of the method were performed. Various Dutch stakeholders in the field of patient safety were involved in each step. Theoretical experts were consulted, and the prototype was pretested using information-rich SAE reports from Dutch hospitals. Expert panels, engaging quality and safety experts and medical specialists from various hospitals were consulted for face and content validity evaluation. User test sessions concluded the development of the method.ResultsThe final version of the GAM consists of a framework and affiliated questionnaire. GAM combines elements of three methods for SAE analysis currently practised by Dutch hospitals. It is structured according to the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, which incorporates a human factors perspective into the analysis. These eases aggregated analysis of SAEs across hospitals and helps to consider the complexity of healthcare work systems.ConclusionThe GAM is a valuable new tool for hospitals to learn from SAEs. The method can facilitate a holistic aggregate analysis of SAEs across hospitals using a human factors perspective, and is now ready for further extensive testing.