bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evolution by Adaptation
Authors: Marchant David , Elawar Farah , Oraby Ahmed , Stojic Aleksandra , McClelland Ryley , Erwin Kaci , Bilawchuk Leanne , Hazes Bart , Griffiths Cameron , Culp Tyce , West Frederick , Ramilo Octavio , McLellan Jason , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide, and in the absence of an RSV vaccine, antibody prophylaxis is the only means of protection. The two types of RSV, RSVA and RSVB, share a high level of amino acid identity but they have different serum neutralization profiles. Here, we describe a single amino acid at position 305 in the RSV fusion glycoprotein (RSV-F) that switches the profile from RSVA (Leucine-L) to RSVB (Isoleucine-I). We found that the L305I mutation caused protein-wide shape-shift, altering both antibody and patient serum neutralization susceptibility. We show that viral replication in the presence of selective pressure forces mutation at position 305 and was the only amino acid mutation to occur in RSVA at evolutionary bottlenecks. We also identified a new mutation in RSVB that was associated with pressure from antibody neutralization. We engineered the L305I mutation in an RSV reverse genetic model system that led to a switch in susceptibility between RSVA and B patient sera. We postulate that this event was a significant determinant in the divergence of RSVA and RSVB from the parent virus, and a new mutation in RSVB suggests these viruses are still diverging. Our work suggests that the most effective sterilizing antiviral immunity leads to more rapid virus mutation and immune evasion that applies to RSV treatment, vaccines, and surveillance.
Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and COVID-19 hesitancy in a large public university in Mexico City during the early vaccination rollout
Authors: Mongua-Rodríguez Norma , Rodríguez-Álvarez Mauricio , Rosa-Zamboni Daniela De La , Jiménez-Corona María Eugenia , Cediel Martha Lucía Castañeda , Miranda-Novales Guadalupe , Cruz-Pacheco Gustavo , Ferreira-Guerrero Elizabeth , Ferreyra-Reyes Leticia , Delgado-Sánchez Guadalupe , Martínez-Hernández Maribel , Cruz-Salgado Arturo , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio , Ponce-de-León Samuel , García-García Lourdes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is a primary tool for controlling the pandemic. However, the spread of vaccine hesitancy constitutes a significant threat to reverse progress in controlling transmissible diseases such as COVID-19. A previous Mexican survey conducted in 2012 showed that the adult population with more years of formal education and from higher socioeconomic levels was more likely to have incomplete vaccination schedules.Objective: To know the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among academics, students, and administrative personnel of a public university in Mexico City.Methods: We administered an online survey investigating sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and acceptance/hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Using generalized linear Poisson models, we analyzed factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, defined as not intending to be vaccinated within the following six months or refusing vaccination.Results: During May and June 2021, we studied 840 people, prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 6%. Hesitancy was significantly associated with fear of adverse effects, distrust of physician’s recommendations, lack of knowledge regarding handwashing, age younger than 40 years, refusal to use face masks, and not having received influenza vaccination during the two previous seasons.Conclusions. Vaccine hesitancy in this population is low. Furthermore, our results allowed us the identification of characteristics that can improve vaccine promotion.
The Influence of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Dose Intensity on Overall Survival in Resected Colon Cancer: A Multicentered Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Breadner Daniel , Loree Jonathan M , Cheung Winson Y , Gipson Meghan , Lakkunarajah Suganija , Mulder Karen E , Spartlin Jennifer L , Kong Shiying , Ding Philip Q , Gill Sharlene , Welch Stephen A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in North America. Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer (CC) reduces cancer recurrence, but also causes significant toxicity requiring dose reductions. The effect of dose intensity on survival outcomes is not fully understood and strengthening the evidence supports informed decision making between patients and oncologists. Methods: Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, between 2006 and 2011, for resected colon cancer at four Canadian academic cancer centers were retrospectively analyzed. All patients must have received oxaliplatin with either capecitabine (CAPOX) or 5-FU (FOLFOX). Dose intensity (DI) was calculated as total delivered dose of an individual chemotherapy agent divided by the cumulative intended dose of that agent. The influence of DI on overall survival was examined. Results: 531 patients with high-risk stage II or stage III resected CC were eligible and included in the analysis. FOLFOX was the most common regimen (69.6%) with 29.7% of patients receiving CAPOX and 0.7% receiving both therapies. Median follow-up was 36.7 months. The median DI for 5-FU and capecitabine was 100% and 100% with 13.6% and 9.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI, respectively. The median DI of oxaliplatin was 70% with 56.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI. A DI of >80% for each chemotherapy component was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival compared to those with a DI of ≤ 80% (5-FU HR=0.23, 95% CI = 0.08-0.65, p=0.006; capecitabine HR=0.56, 95% CI = 0.33-0.94, p=0.026; oxaliplatin HR= 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33-0.82, p=0.005). Patients with T2 and/or N2 disease with an oxaliplatin DI >80% had a trend towards improved survival (HR=0.62, 95% CI = 0.38-1.02, p=0.06). Conclusions: In resected CC an adjuvant chemotherapy DI of >80%, of each chemotherapy agent, is associated with improved overall survival.
Insights into the silent cause of death in dogs, the carcinogenic nematode
Authors: Mohamed Teroj Abdulrahman , hasan Akheenk Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The carcinogenic dog nematode, Spirocerca lupi, is a canine causative agent of the oesophagal nodular granuloma. Worldwide availability of the biological host (beetle) and the presence of some environmental factors help in the comprehensive epidemiology of this nodular forming nematode. Coprologically, it depends on the presence and characteristics of the rhabdiform larvae in most nematodes due to the similarity in egg shape. In contrast, in the case of the presence of carcinogenic nematodes, the morphological appearance of the eggs is definitive for diagnosis, which can be detected by flotation and sedimentation techniques in the faecal examination to detect the gastrointestinal parasites. The morphological identification of the parasite's eggs in the dog's faecal samples requires more confirmation by molecular and specific gene amplification. They should be aware of the possibility of a spirurid worm infection, which needs to be diagnosed and treated.
Abaloparatide and teriparatide enhance mandibular growth in adolescent rats with site- specific effects
Authors: Wang Ruyi , Qiao Hui , Qian Yuran , Zhen Gehua , Li Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
Teriparatide (TPTD) and abaloparatide (ABL) are two osteoanabolic drugs targeting PTH1R signaling. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TPTD and ABL on adolescent mandibular growth.
Method
Seventy 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 14 groups, treated with intermittent TPDT or ABL at various doses, accompanied by mandibular advancement (MA) or not. 3D printing was used to fabricate an innovative splint for MA. After 4-week treatment, morphological measurement, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) were treated with TPTD or ABL, followed by CCK-8 assay, alcian blue staining, RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining.
Result
In vivo, TPTD or ABL alone increased the condylar length and cartilage thickness, with up-regulated SOX9 and COL II, whilst down-regulated COL X; however, when combined with MA, the promotive effects were attenuated. TPTD or ABL alone increased the mandibular body height and mandibular angle width, whilst increased the mandibular body length and alveolar bone width when combined with MA. In vitro, TPTD or ABL enhanced the MCC proliferation, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, COL II and SOX9 expression, whilst down-regulated COL X, Ihh and PTH1R expression.
Conclusion
Abaloparatide or teriparatide alone increases the mandibular condylar length and cartilage thickness, mandibular body height and mandibular angle width. When combined with MA, they also increase the mandibular body length and alveolar bone width. In general, ABL seems more potent than TPTD.
Clinical Relevance:
Abaloparatide or teriparatide may be potential drugs for growth modification of the mandible, combined with functional appliance treatment or not.
Intraventricular Superatentorial AT/RT in pediatrics : a case report and literature review
Authors: Namer Thana , Alotaibi Maryam , Alhammad Othman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are rare highly malignant and rapidly growing tumors usually seen in the posterior fossa in children and less commonly supratentorial compartment. Intraventricular location is considered even more scarce. The authors report a case of ATRT originating from the lateral ventricle in a child and did a literature review Methodology: To investigate for previous reports of an atypical tertatoid and rhaboid tumors located in the lateral ventricle in children, we performed a literature search that yielded 19 results. These articles were screened for cases of primary supratentorial intraventriuclar AT/RTs.Result: The literature search led to the identification of 11 articles including 11 patients. Herein, the authors present the 12th case of AT/RT in a 5 yr old who presented with vomiting and generalized tonic clonic seizures. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous huge mass within the left lateral ventricle with central area of hemorrhage and necrosis . The patient underwent Emergency left frontal craniotomy with complete removal of the tumor. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of AT/RTConclusion: The results of a literature search suggest that a ATRT arising in the lateral ventricle is quit rare. These cases emphasize on the necessity of considering AT/RT in the list of differential diagnosis of supratentorial intraventricular tumors in pediatrics. The prognosis of this particular subtype is still poor.
The Power of Big Data Mining to Improve the Health care System in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alhajaj Khawla Eissa , Moonesar Immanuel Azaad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Context Collecting and analyzing data has become crucial for many sectors, including the health care sector, where a hefty amount of data is generated daily. Over time, the amount and complexity of this data increase substantially. Consequently, it is considered as big data that cannot be stored or analyzed conveniently unless advanced technologies are incorporated. Latest advances in technology have divulged new opportunities to use big data analysis to track a patient’s record and their health. Still, it has also posed new challenges in maintaining data privacy and security in the healthcare sector.Purpose This study aims to determine the importance of big data and health informatics in the health care sector and to identify the opportunities related to big data mining in health care. Furthermore, the study focuses on various challenges posed by big data mining in the health care system and explores the tools and technologies for securely harvesting big data in this sector. Methods The research follows the methodology of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for reporting the reviews and evaluating the randomized trials. Furthermore, to evaluate each article in terms of quality, the Critical Appraisal Checklist for PRISMA 2009 was applied for the research.Findings The study concludes that the healthcare systems in the UAE can be improved through the use of big data; however, the authorities within the UAE must acknowledge that the development of efficient frameworks for the performance and quality assessment of the new health care system is significant. The said goal can be achieved via the integration of big data and health informatics with the help of IT specialists, health care managers and stakeholders.Contribution to KnowledgeBy discussing numerous issues and presenting solutions linked with big data, the current study makes a substantial contribution to the knowledge of big data and its integration into health care systems in the UAE.
Irony detection in patients with borderline personality disorder: an experimental study examining schizotypal traits, response biases and empathy
Authors: Felsenheimer Anne Katrin , Kieckhäfer Carolin , Rapp Alexander Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: In verbal irony we often convey meanings that oppose the literal words. To look behind these words, we need to integrate perspectives of ourselves, others, and their beliefs about us. Although patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience problems in social cognition and schizotypal symptoms, research on irony comprehension mainly focused on the schizophrenic spectrum. Accounting for possible negative biases in BPD, the current study examined the detection of praising and critical irony in a text message interface. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 30 patients and 30 matched controls, who completed measures of cognitive and affective empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), schizotypal (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire; SPQ), and borderline symptoms (Borderline Symptom List; BSL-23) and the irony detection task. The irony task contained critical and praising remarks embedded in a text message interface. Asking for literality (ironic vs. literal) and intention ratings (critical to praising) of the stimuli, it allowed to analyze the sensitivity of literality detection as well as implicit and explicit response biases in a signal detection framework.Results: Borderline symptoms explained lower sensitivity for the detection of literal and ironic statements across groups. While HC showed a negativity bias on an implicit level, BPD perceived praising remarks less praising when explicitly asked, but no difference on critical remarks. Neither empathy, nor schizotypy explained any outcomes. Conclusions: This was the first study to show lower detection of verbal irony in patients with BPD. While patients were less biased and more neutral in implicit measurements of perceived intention, they perceived praising remarks as less positive on explicit measurements. Results stress the potential resource of non-verbal therapies to establish an appreciating therapeutical environment and contribute to difficulties in self-other distinction in BPD.
Attitudes about involvement in hypothetical clinical trial protocols in Mexican and Mexican-American at-risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Reyes Angélica Zuno , Matute Esmeralda , Enstrom Karin , Withers Mellissa , Rodriguez-Agudelo Yaneth , Raman Rema , Ringman John M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The enrollment into clinical trials of persons at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in whom the onset of disease can be accurately predicted facilitates the interpretation of outcomes. Attitudes toward involvement in such studies are biased by intrinsic cultural and social characteristics. Our objective was to study how demographic factors such as country of residence, age, sex, schooling, parenthood, and urbanization affect attitudes towards participation in hypothetical clinical trials in Mexican families at risk for ADAD living either in Mexico or in the United States.Methods: Participants were 74 members of different families known to harbor an ADAD mutation living in Mexico (n = 50) or in the United States (n = 24). Participants were asked, in a written questionnaire, their interest in participating in four hypothetical clinical trial scenarios of increasing perceived invasiveness. The questionnaire then asked about their willingness should there be a 50% chance of being assigned to a placebo group. The influences of demographic variables on decisions were performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact for categorical variables. Results: For each hypothetical study, there are differentiated trends in the desire to participate. In general, participants who live in Mexico, who have or plan to have children, who do not attend or do not plan to attend school, and who live in rural areas gave more positive responses regarding their willingness to participate. The 50% chance of being in a placebo group increased willingness to participate for family members living in Mexico. The main reason for participation was to help future generations, while the main reasons for refusal were not wanting to undergo genetic testing and consideration of adverse effects. Conclusions: We found a higher level of willingness to participate in clinical trials among persons living in rural Mexico and our data suggest that altruism towards future generations is a major motivating factor, though this was balanced against concerns regarding side effects. Our results emphasize the importance of sharing information and assessing its understanding in potential participants with diverse backgrounds in the nature of ADAD, and regarding the design of clinical trials prior to their enrollment in such studies.
Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in elementary and middle schools: A 10-year follow-up investigation
Authors: Kajiume Teruyuki , Mukai Sumera , Toyota Nobutaka , Kanazawa Ikuo , Kato Akiko , Akimoto Etsushi , Shirakawa Toshio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Influenza spreads from schools to the rest of the society. Thus, we conducted questionnaire surveys of influenza vaccination in elementary and middle schools, in a district, for 10 years, to determine immunization rates and infection conditions among students that were potential sources of infection at home. Methods: The questionnaire- based survey on influenza vaccine administration, influenza infection, and influenza types contracted, as well as influenza immunization history, was conducted in 10 seasons over a period of 10 years. Results: Results indicate that, in elementary schools, vaccination was associated with lower morbidity in most years, whereas in middle schools, morbidity increased among students who were vaccinated every year. Our study did not find consistent trends among faculty and staff. In addition, we found that morbidity was significantly higher among elementary (P<.001) and middle (P<.05) school students who had been vaccinated since infancy. Conclusion: These results suggest that vaccinating infants for influenza may increase the risk of contracting influenza later, and thus, the influenza vaccination recommendation for infants should be reconsidered.
Monitoring of telomere dynamics in peripheral blood leukocytes in relation to colorectal cancer patients' outcomes
Authors: Tomasova Kristyna , Kroupa Michal , Zinkova Alzbeta , Korabecna Marie , Vymetalkova Veronika , Skrobanek Pavel , Sojka Ladislav , Levy Miroslav , Hemminki Kari , Liska Vaclav , Hosek Petr , Kumar Rajiv , Vodickova Ludmila , Vodicka Pavel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigated the possible associations between leukocyte telomere length, therapy outcomes, and clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer. Aditionally, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression was evaluated.Telomere length was measured using singleplex qPCR in 478 consecutive leukocyte DNA samples from 198 patients. Blood was drawn at diagnosis prior to any therapy, and then at 6-month intervals for 18 months.Following diagnosis, the telomeres gradually shortened during the course of the treatment regardless of the patient's age. The most pronounced decrease was observed 12 months after the diagnosis (p < 0.0001). Based on tumor localization, the decrease in telomere length one year after the diagnosis followed different trajectories (p = 0.03). In patients treated with adjuvant therapy, telomere length was correlated with the time elapsed after completion of therapy (p = 0.03). TERT expression did not correlate with the telomere length; however, it was higher in women than men (1.35-fold, 95% CI 1.11–1.65, p = 0.003) and in smokers than non-smokers (1.27-fold, 95% CI 1.01–1.61, p = 0.04).Leukocyte telomere length declines naturally during aging, but the accelerated shortening observed in our patients was age-independent. Telomere length manifestly reflected chemotherapy impact and could be linked to therapy toxicity.
Rabies intervention in Tanzania: An innovative animal vaccination model to train One Health focused student workforces to control and eliminate rabies
Authors: Sambo Maganga , Mahiti Gladys R. , Mohamed Hussein , Bernard Jubilate , Coetzer Andre , Felix Albert K , Kakoko Deodatus , Kimboka Juma E , Mtui-Malamsha Niwael , Mbunde Mourice V , Ngou Athanas A , Nanai Alphoncina , Nonga Hezron Emmanuel , Saidi Khadija , Samson Richard , Sanga Valentina , Mdeg Robinson , Nel Louis H , Fasina Folorunso O. , Killewo Japhet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Every year at least 59,000 people are estimated to die from rabies and more than 10 million are treated with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Over 99% of human rabies deaths occur in developing countries due to bites from domestic dogs. Large-scale mass dog vaccination programs can control dog rabies and, if sustained, can eliminate dog-mediated rabies. However, there has been very little investment in mass dog vaccination against rabies in sub-Saharan Africa, largely due to limited human and financial resources. To overcome this limitation, we piloted the delivery of synchronized dog vaccinations using a temporary workforce of university students. Fifty university students from Sokoine University of Agriculture and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences were selected to deliver dog vaccinations throughout the Kisarawe district in Tanzania in May 2021. We analysed the vaccination coverage achieved and the cost per dog vaccinated in delivering dog vaccinations using the university students compared to the traditional delivery. Results: A total of 1,457 dogs and 242 cats were vaccinated across 48 villages in the Kisarawe district of Tanzania over the course of five days. The overall cost in delivering mass dog vaccinations was estimated at US$ 28,990 equating to approximately US$19.90 per vaccinated dog. Post-vaccination transects were conducted in all 48 villages where dog vaccinations were implemented, counting 387 dogs. Of these, 54% dogs (N=210) were vaccinated against rabies, 67% (N=258) were free-roaming dogs and 72% of dogs encountered were adult (N=277). The overall district-level mean vaccination coverage was estimated to be 54.3% (CI 49.3% - 59.6). Conclusions: We demonstrated that using university students as a One Health workforce is effective in accelerating the countries’ efforts to meet the global target of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.