bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O que é "doença"?
Authors: Garbelotto Fellipy Antonio Lopes 
Published: April 2022

Este ensaio visa fornecer diferentes compreensões acerca do conceito de “doença” como categorias úteis de avaliação de discursos e estratégias aplicadas durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus. Para isso, é realizada uma exposição histórica da construção de três compreensões distintas do conceito, a saber, as que chamamos de ontológica, dinâmica e fisiológica. A partir dessa distinção, é demonstrada a aplicabilidade avaliativa de uma delas, a ontológica, por meio da
análise crítica de alguns discursos e estratégias de enfrentamento à COVID-19.
Como o SARS-COV-2 virou SARS-COV-2: a trajetória de um objeto científico no início da pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Labate Caio Morello , Borda Pedro 
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo tecer reflexões acerca do SARS-COV-2 a partir da ontologia contingente de Bruno Latour, indicando a possibilidade de acompanhar em retrospectiva os passos pelos quais o novo coronavírus foi desenvolvendo capacidade crescente de, agindo, fazer-nos agir. Diante das controvérsias suscitadas pela pandemia, realizou-se um estudo de caso que teve por fontes o depoimento público de especialistas quanto à gravidade da situação e postagens humorísticas na internet (memes) que circularam durante o início do
ano de 2020. Observou-se que, conforme o status do vírus modificava-se através de novas associações tecnocientíficas, houve, respectivamente a cada fonte, robusta mudança de posicionamento e ligeira tendência da ironia à preocupação. Com isso, busca-se mapear a trajetória inicial traçada pelo SARS-COV-2 enquanto um objeto científico, relacionando-se as transformações por ele sofridas em sua potência de agir ao acúmulo e à articulação de fatos científicos gradualmente estabelecidos. Sugere-se, em conclusão, que tais transformações implicam a constante reformulação, sob risco de incoerência, das respostas coletivas ao
vírus.
Acquisitive Prescription in Early Modern International Law
Authors: Batson Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines the role of Roman acquisitive prescription in early modern international law debates. The ubiquity of prescription demonstrates the importance of Roman private law in the development of international law. Yet, although it was a widely-used juristic concept, there was no consensus about its legitimacy in international relations from 1500 to 1800. Debates raged over whether it was a product of the natural law, the law of nations, or the Roman civil law. There was a crucial tension between prescription’s utility in confirming the political status quo and its tendency to justify ownership based on prior injustice or violence. In assessing the place of prescription in international law, this article examines its use by Grotius, Vázquez, Freitas, Boecler, Conring, Bellarmine, Solórzano, and others in debates over freedom of the seas, imperial possessions in the Americas, Dutch independence, papal temporal power, and the aftermath of the Thirty Years War.
“To Multiply Corn Two-Hundred-Fold”
Authors: Niermeier-Dohoney Justin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Agricultural reform movements proliferated in seventeenth-century Europe. For many who sought to make farming more economically productive, the practices of chymistry offered a way to accomplish these goals. Placed in the context of the development of a “vegetable philosophy,” or a theory of generation and growth across mineralogical and botanical domains, this article examines the application of chymical techniques in the attempt to enhance wheat seeds through seed-steeping and “fructifying” experiments among seventeenth-century agricultural reformers, particularly in England. I focus on three main sources: instructional husbandry manuals describing how to create “fructifying waters” to fertilize these seeds, the writings of Hugh Plat and Francis Bacon detailing their experiments on wheat seed germination, and the manuscript notebooks and correspondences of the Hartlib Circle, a group of natural philosophers, alchemists, and agricultural reformers who attempted to put these ideas into practice in the 1640s and 1650s. Their attempt to develop an artificial fertilizer regime for important cereal crops like wheat played a small but crucial role in the origins of the British Agricultural Revolution in the seventeenth century.
Quintilian on Laughter (Inst. 6.3)
Authors: Loporcaro Laura 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a reading of the chapter on laughter in Quintilian’s Institutio oratoria (Inst. 6.3), the fullest treatise on ancient rhetoric extant. It argues that Inst. 6.3 can be better understood in light of the context of the treatise, and that it can be read as a little mise-en-abyme of, and reversely magnifying lens on, the whole. First, it briefly outlines Quintilian’s two main claims to originality: his aim to educate the ideal orator, who is both technically and morally outstanding, and his thorough, but practical-minded didactic method. Then, it shows how the didactic spin of the treatise can be detected in his discussion of laughter, and how his remarks on the nature of laughter (and the laughable) characterize it as problematic both from a didactic point of view and for the conception of the ideal orator. The difficulties to classify laughter make it hard to teach and control. It is attributed the potential to undermine the very social status and moral character of the orator: it is inexplicable, and potentially dangerous for anyone trying to elicit it. Nevertheless, Quintilian treats laughter as a part of the orator’s rhetorical arsenal, which shows that it is a powerful weapon the benefits of which must outweigh its risks. This raises the question wherein its utility lies exactly, which is addressed in the last section of the paper. Drawing some parallels to modern theories of laughter allows to better understand some dynamics behind laughter in a forensic context that Quintilian only implies. Overall, this paper aims to present a case study on the extent to which the Institutio is an artful and thoroughly thought-through literary construct, and to make a small contribution to recent scholarship on the literariness of ancient didactic prose.
A Glimpse of China’s Earliest Decision-Making: The Meaning of Zhēn 貞 ‘Test’ in the Huāyuánzhuāng East Oracular Inscriptions
Authors: Schwartz Adam Craig 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Statistics drawn from the Shāng oracle bone inscriptions discovered in Pit H3 at Huāyuánzhuāng East challenge an assumption that all divination statements, or ‘charges’ mìng cí 命辭, be classified as zhēn cí 貞辭, and question an inflexible practice that systematically reads the prefatory word zhēn 貞 ‘test (the correctness of)’ into a divination account when it is absent. The restricted use of zhēn in this unified corpus of inscriptions implies that it had a particular and focused application in the process of decision-making. The Huāyuánzhuāng East inscriptions thus reveal a complex divination matrix that exemplifies the development of royal divination as an institution at Ānyáng more widely.
Deep whole-genome resequencing sheds light on the distribution and effect of amphioxus SNPs
Authors: Zhu Yunchi , Lu Na , Chen J.-Y. , He Chunpeng , Huang Zhen , Lu Zuhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Amphioxus is a model organism for vertebrate evolutionary research. The significant contrast between morphological phenotypic similarity and high-level genetic polymorphism among amphioxus populations has aroused scientists' attention. Here we resequenced 21 amphioxus genomes to over 100X depth and mapped them to a haploid reference.

Results
More than 11.5 million common SNPs were detected in the amphioxus population, which mainly affect genes enriched in ion transport, signal transduction and cell adhesion, while protein structure analysis via AlphaFold2 revealed that these SNPs fail to bring effective structural variants.

Conclusions
Our work provides explanation for “amphioxus polymorphism paradox” in a micro view, and generates an enhanced genomic dataset for amphioxus research.
Host cell interactions of novel antigenic membrane proteins of Mycoplasma agalactiae
Authors: Barbosa Maysa Santos , Marques Lucas Miranda , Timenetsky Jorge , Rosengarten Renate , Spergser Joachim , Chopra-Dewasthaly Rohini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma agalactiae is the main etiological agent of Contagious Agalactia syndrome of small ruminants notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health. Despite serious economic losses, successful vaccines are unavailable, largely because its colonization and invasion factors are not well understood. This study evaluates the role of two recently identified antigenic proteins (MAG_1560, MAG_6130) and the cytadhesin P40 in pathogenicity related phenotypes.

Results
Adhesion to HeLa and sheep primary mammary stromal cells (MSC) was evaluated using ELISA, as well as in vitro adhesion assays on monolayer cell cultures. The results demonstrated MAG_6130 as a novel adhesin of M. agalactiae whose capacity to adhere to eukaryotic cells was significantly reduced by specific antiserum. Additionally, these proteins exhibited significant binding to plasminogen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like lactoferrin, fibrinogen and fibronectin, a feature that could potentially support the pathogen in host colonization, tissue migration and immune evasion. Furthermore, these proteins played a detrimental role on the host cell proliferation and viability and were observed to activate pro-apoptotic genes indicating their involvement in cell death when eukaryotic cells were infected with M. agalactiae.

Conclusions
To summarize, the hypothetical protein corresponding to MAG_6130 has not only been assigned novel adhesion functions but together with P40 it is demonstrated for the first time to bind to lactoferrin and ECM proteins thereby playing important roles in host colonization and pathogenicity.
Methodological conduct of prognostic prediction models developed using machine learning in oncology: a systematic review
Authors: Dhiman Paula , Ma Jie , Andaur Navarro Constanza L. , Speich Benjamin , Bullock Garrett , Damen Johanna A. A. , Hooft Lotty , Kirtley Shona , Riley Richard D. , Van Calster Ben , Moons Karel G. M. , Collins Gary S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Describe and evaluate the methodological conduct of prognostic prediction models developed using machine learning methods in oncology.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE and Embase between 01/01/2019 and 05/09/2019, for studies developing a prognostic prediction model using machine learning methods in oncology. We used the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement, Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) and CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) to assess the methodological conduct of included publications. Results were summarised by modelling type: regression-, non-regression-based and ensemble machine learning models.

Results
Sixty-two publications met inclusion criteria developing 152 models across all publications. Forty-two models were regression-based, 71 were non-regression-based and 39 were ensemble models. A median of 647 individuals (IQR: 203 to 4059) and 195 events (IQR: 38 to 1269) were used for model development, and 553 individuals (IQR: 69 to 3069) and 50 events (IQR: 17.5 to 326.5) for model validation. A higher number of events per predictor was used for developing regression-based models (median: 8, IQR: 7.1 to 23.5), compared to alternative machine learning (median: 3.4, IQR: 1.1 to 19.1) and ensemble models (median: 1.7, IQR: 1.1 to 6). Sample size was rarely justified (n = 5/62; 8%). Some or all continuous predictors were categorised before modelling in 24 studies (39%). 46% (n = 24/62) of models reporting predictor selection before modelling used univariable analyses, and common method across all modelling types. Ten out of 24 models for time-to-event outcomes accounted for censoring (42%). A split sample approach was the most popular method for internal validation (n = 25/62, 40%). Calibration was reported in 11 studies. Less than half of models were reported or made available.

Conclusions
The methodological conduct of machine learning based clinical prediction models is poor. Guidance is urgently needed, with increased awareness and education of minimum prediction modelling standards. Particular focus is needed on sample size estimation, development and validation analysis methods, and ensuring the model is available for independent validation, to improve quality of machine learning based clinical prediction models.
Rebound phenomenon and its risk factors after hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children with coronal angular deformity
Authors: Choi Kug Jin , Lee Sanghoon , Park Moon Seok , Sung Ki Hyuk 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study was performed to evaluate the rebound phenomenon after the correction of coronal angular deformity by hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children and to identify its risk factors.

Methods
We reviewed 50 children (mean age, 11.0 ± 2.5 years) with 94 physes who had undergone hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate due to coronal angular deformity of the lower limb. Patients’ demographic data including sex, age at initial surgery and plate removal, affected bone (distal femur or proximal tibia), affected side, and body mass index were collected. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were measured from the teleradiogram, Physes were divided into rebound and non-rebound group, and rebound group was defined as the physes which had  ≥  5° of mLDFA or mMPTA returning to its original deformity. Generalized estimating equation based multivariable analysis was used to identify the risk factors for the rebound phenomenon after the deformity correction.

Results
A total of 41 physes classified into rebound group and 53 physes into non-rebound group. There were significant differences in the age at initial surgery (p = 0.004), the age at implant removal (p = 0.002), the amount of correction (p = 0.001), and the rate of correction (p < 0.001) between two groups. The rate of correction was significantly associated with the rebound phenomenon (p = 0.044). The risk of rebound phenomenon was 1.2-fold higher as the rate of correction increased by 1° per year. The cutoff values of the correction rate between the two groups were 6.9°/year (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study showed that the rebound group had younger age and faster correction rate than those in the non-rebound group. In addition, the correction rate for deformity was a significant risk factor for the rebound phenomenon after hemiepiphysiodesis using the tension band plate. Close monitoring after implant removal is required for children who have a rapid correction rate over 7°/year.
Does a suggested diagnosis in a general practitioners’ referral question impact diagnostic reasoning: an experimental study
Authors: Staal J. , Speelman M. , Brand R. , Alsma J. , Zwaan L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Diagnostic errors are a major cause of preventable patient harm. Studies suggest that presenting inaccurate diagnostic suggestions can cause errors in physicians’ diagnostic reasoning processes. It is common practice for general practitioners (GPs) to suggest a diagnosis when referring a patient to secondary care. However, it remains unclear via which underlying processes this practice can impact diagnostic performance. This study therefore examined the effect of a diagnostic suggestion in a GP’s referral letter to the emergency department on the diagnostic performance of medical interns.

Methods
Medical interns diagnosed six clinical cases formatted as GP referral letters in a randomized within-subjects experiment. They diagnosed two referral letters stating a main complaint without a diagnostic suggestion (control), two stating a correct suggestion, and two stating an incorrect suggestion. The referral question and case order were randomized. We analysed the effect of the referral question on interns’ diagnostic accuracy, number of differential diagnoses, confidence, and time taken to diagnose.

Results
Forty-four medical interns participated. Interns considered more diagnoses in their differential without a suggested diagnosis (M = 1.85, SD = 1.09) than with a suggested diagnosis, independent of whether this suggestion was correct (M = 1.52, SD = 0.96, d = 0.32) or incorrect ((M = 1.42, SD = 0.97, d = 0.41), χ2(2) =7.6, p = 0.022). The diagnostic suggestion did not influence diagnostic accuracy (χ2(2) = 1.446, p = 0.486), confidence, (χ2(2) = 0.058, p = 0.971) or time to diagnose (χ2(2) = 3.128, p = 0.209).

Conclusions
A diagnostic suggestion in a GPs referral letter did not influence subsequent diagnostic accuracy, confidence, or time to diagnose for medical interns. However, a correct or incorrect suggestion reduced the number of diagnoses considered. It is important for healthcare providers and teachers to be aware of this phenomenon, as fostering a broad differential could support learning. Future research is necessary to examine whether these findings generalize to other healthcare workers, such as more experienced specialists or triage nurses, whose decisions might affect the diagnostic process later on.

Trial registration
The study protocol was preregistered and is available online at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/7de5g).
Mammalian tumor-like organs. 2. Mammalian adipose has many tumor features and obesity is a tumor-like process
Authors: Kozlov A. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn previous publications, the author developed the theory ofcarcino-evo-devo, which predicts that evolutionarily novel organs should recapitulate some features of tumors in their development.Main textMammalian adipose is currently recognized as a multi-depot metabolic and endocrine organ consisting of several adipose tissues. Although lipid-storing cells and proteins are ancient, the adipose organ as a whole is evolutionarily novel to mammals. The adipose expansion has remarkable similarities with the growth of solid tumors. These similarities are the following: (1) The capability to unlimited expansion; (2) Reversible plasticity; (3) Induction of angiogenesis; (4) Chronic inflammation; (5) Remodeling and disfunction; (6) Systemic influence on the organism; (7) Hormone production; (8) Production of miRNAs that influence other tissues; (9) Immunosuppression; (10) DNA damage and resistance to apoptosis; (11) Destructive infiltration in other organs and tissues. These similarities include the majority of “hallmarks of cancer”. In addition, lipomas are the most frequent soft tissue tumors, and similar drugs may be used for the treatment of obesity and cancer by preventing infiltration. This raises the possibility that obesity, at least in part, may represent an oncological problem. The existing similarities between adipose and tumors suggest the possible evolutionary origin of mammalian adipose from some ancestral benign mesenchymal hereditary tumors. Indeed, using a transgenic inducible zebrafish tumor model, we described many genes, which originated in fish and were expressed in fish tumors. Their human orthologsLEP,NOTCH1,SPRY1,PPARG,ID2, andCIDEAacquired functions connected with the adipose organ. They are also involved in tumor development in humans.ConclusionIf the hypothesis of the evolutionary origin of the adipose organ from the ancestral hereditary tumor is correct, it may open new opportunities to resolve the oncological problem and the problem of the obesity epidemic. New interventions targetingLEP,NOTCH1,SPRY1,PPARG,ID2, andCIDEAgene network, in addition to what already is going on, can be designed for treatment and prevention of both obesity and tumors.
Trial of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shen Hailong , Han Yanxun , Wu Di , Hu Lihong , Ma Yunxia , Wu Feihu , Tao Ye , Liu Yehai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with persistent globus sensation, throat clearing, chronic cough, hoarseness, and other throat symptoms account for a large proportion of patients in ears, nose, and throat clinics. Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is increasingly valued by otolaryngologists. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is possibly a new method for the treatment of LPRD. This trial aims to determine whether TEAS combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is better than PPI alone in the treatment of LPRD.

Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial will be implemented in a tertiary hospital in China. Seventy patients diagnosed with LPRD will be randomly assigned to the TEAS + PPI group (intervention group) or PPI group (control group), at a ratio of 1:1. In addition to using PPI, the intervention group will receive TEAS at four groups of acupoints, and each group will be treated for 15 min, once for 60 min, five times a week, for 12 weeks, 60 times. The main outcome will be changes in the Reflux Symptom Index scores at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment. The secondary outcomes will include changes in the reflux finding score, Laryngopharyngeal Reflux-Health-related Quality of Life score, and throat pain visual analog scale score.

Discussion
This trial will explore the feasibility of TEAS combined with PPI for the treatment of LPRD and provide potential evidence for its effectiveness and safety. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046755. Registered on May 28, 2021.