bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid peroxidation biomarkers associated with height and obesity measures in the opposite direction in women
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhao Yingya , Dai Qi , Milne Ginger , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Chen Qingxia , Zhang Xianglan , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel , Gao Yu‐Tang , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Zheng Wei , Yang Gong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether and how lipid peroxidation markers are associated with height and obesity measures.MethodsIn two independent samples of women (Study 1: n = 1,005; Study 2: n = 1,158), systemic levels of lipid peroxidation were assessed by urinary markers F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs) and its major metabolite (F2‐IsoP‐M), with gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry assays. Anthropometric parameters were directly measured and genetically estimated, and they were used in the primary analysis and in a Mendelian randomization analysis in relation to lipid peroxidation, respectively, with general linear models.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that measured adult height was inversely associated with levels of F2‐IsoPs (β = −0.89, p < 0.001) and F2‐IsoP‐M (β = −0.71, p = 0.003), whereas obesity measures were positively associated with F2‐IsoP‐M (β = 1.81, p < 0.001 for BMI; and β = 0.77, p < 0.001 for waist circumference). Results were consistent between the two study samples. The opposite associations were further replicated when using genetically determined measures of height and obesity in the Mendelian randomization analysis. Moreover, analyses mutually adjusted for height and obesity measures suggested that these associations were independent of one another.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, to our knowledge, reveals that a shared biological process (lipid peroxidation) is associated with both height and obesity measures but in the opposite direction.
Chemical comparison and discrimination of two plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Angelica dahurica and Angelica dahurica var. formosana, by HPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS and quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker
Authors: Shi Huan , Chang Ya‐Qing , Feng Xie , Yang Gui‐Ya , Zheng Yu‐Guang , Zheng Qian , Zhang Lan‐Lan , Zhang Dan , Guo Long 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAngelica dahurica(BZ) and Angelica dahurica var. formosana(HBZ) are two plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix. Although BZ and HBZ are commonly used herbal medicines with great medicinal and dietary values, study on their phytochemicals and bioactive compositions is limited.ObjectiveTo compare the chemical compositions of BZ and HBZ and find the chemical makers for discrimination and quality evaluation of the two botanical origins of Angelicae dahuricae Radix.MethodologyA high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was established for chemical profiling of BZ and HBZ. Then, a quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive coumarins (xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicin, xanthotoxin, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, phellopterin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin). Moreover, chemometrics were performed to compare and discriminate BZ and HBZ samples.ResultsA total of 30 coumarins compounds were identified, and the chemical compositions in BZ and HBZ were quite similar. The quantitative analysis showed that there were significant differences in the contents of bioactive coumarins, and the chemometric analysis indicated five coumarins (xanthotoxol, xanthotoxin, bergapten, phellopterin and isoimperatorin) were responsible for the significant differences between BZ and HBZ, which could be used as chemical markers to distinguish the two original plant sources of Angelicae dahuricae Radix.ConclusionThe present work provided useful information for understanding the chemical differences between BZ and HBZ and also provided feasible methods for quality evaluation and discrimination of herbal medicines originating from multiple botanical sources.
ISPD 2021 debate ‐ All in vitro fertilization cycles should involve pre‐implantation genetic testing to improve fetal health and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Wilkins‐Haug Louise , Amor David J. , Savulescu Julian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor 3 decades, couples at increased risk for a genetic disorder have been offered preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Simultaneously, PGT for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes was introduced, but evidence of value‐added remains inconsistent. Recently, lower genetic testing costs and shorter turnaround time have reinvigorated PGT‐A. Additionally, a shift from blastomere (day 3) to blastocyst (day 5) transfer and embryo freezing advances support PGT without the time constraints of immediate transfer. PGT‐A transformed from a time‐constrained analysis of 1‐2 cells to an “add on” study for all IVF. But should it be offered to all IVF patients? And if not, under what conditions? Pre‐debate polling found 64% opposed to PGT for all IVF cycles with concerns voiced about cost, informed consent, and a “slippery slope”. Leaving aside the inconsistent evidence of IVF improvement whether measured as miscarriage or livebirths with PGT‐A, the debaters grappled with patient and provider desires versus the ethical concerns for the unborn child. However, the audience was not swayed; two thirds remained opposed to PGT for all IVF cycles.
Evaluating the population‐level effects of oxycodone restrictions on prescription opioid utilization in Ontario
Authors: Rudoler David , Kurdyak Paul , Gomes Tara , Huang Anjie , Jones Wayne , Littleford Stephanie , Paracha Nabiha , Fischer Benedikt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of restrictions on access to long acting oxycodone on prescription opioid use and opioid‐related harms.MethodsAdministrative health data from Ontario, Canada was used to measure differences in opioids dispensed and emergency department (ED) visits for opioid‐related overdose, poisoning, or substance use following provincial restrictions on access to publicly insured OxyContin (February 29, 2012) and OxyNeo (February 28, 2013). This study focused on the cohort of provincial drug insurance eligible people (people 65+ and select low‐income populations) who were dispensed oxycodone prior to the restrictions. Difference‐in‐differences models with a propensity score matched comparison group of people who were dispensed non‐oxycodone opioids were used to estimate the main effects.ResultsIn 6 months following the delisting of OxyContin, milligrams of morphine equivalents (MMEs) per person per week for all opioids fell by an average of 7.5% in people dispensed oxycodone relative to the comparison group, and an average of 13.8% in chronic recipients of oxycodone. In the 6 months following the restrictions on OxyNeo, MMEs per person per week fell by an average of 3.1% in all people dispensed oxycodone, and 25.2% in chronic oxycodone recipients. The decline in oxycodone dispensing among chronic oxycodone recipients corresponded with an increase in dispensing of other opioid formulations, particularly hydromorphone and fentanyl. No important differences were observed for ED visits related to opioid poisoning, overdose, or substance use disorder.ConclusionsProvince‐wide restrictions on access to long acting oxycodone had an impact on quantities of all opioids dispensed to chronic recipients of oxycodone, but small impacts on the full population of people dispensed oxycodone; the decline in use was partially offset by increases in use of other publicly‐funded opioid formulations. This study suggests that policies limiting access to specific prescription opioids led to overall reductions in publicly funded prescription opioid use, particularly in chronic oxycodone recipients, without immediate evidence of changes in opioid‐related ED visits.
Population pharmacokinetics for oral paclitaxel in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors
Authors: He Jimmy , Jackson Christopher G. C. A. , Deva Sanjeev , Hung Tak , Clarke Katriona , Segelov Eva , Chao Tsu‐Yi , Dai Ming‐Shen , Yeh Hsien‐Tang , Ma Wen Wee , Kramer Douglas , Chan Wing‐Kai , Kwan Rudolf , Cutler David , Zhi Jay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOraxol consists of an oral dosage form of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel administered with a novel P‐glycoprotein inhibitor encequidar methanesulfonate monohydrate (formerly named HM30181A), which allows oral treatment of cancers that would otherwise be treated with intravenous paclitaxel. Here we describe the population pharmacokinetics (popPK) analyses for oral paclitaxel in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors to characterize pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and quantify sources of PK variability. The best fit popPK model for oral paclitaxel, based on data from seven clinical studies (197 patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors), involves a linear two‐compartment structural model containing first‐order absorption with a short lag time and first‐order elimination as well as a log additive error. In this popPK model, lower population estimates of central volume for Asian patients versus Caucasian patients did not translate into clinical meaningful differences in oral paclitaxel exposure. Age, sex, body weight or surface area, mild hepatic impairment, and mild to moderate renal impairment had no clinically meaningful effects on the systemic exposure of oral paclitaxel. Simulations were performed on clinical therapeutic dose (oral paclitaxel 205 mg/m2 once daily ×3 days per week) to predict exposure of oral paclitaxel and to support treatment benefits observed in a pivotal phase III trial.
Cathodoluminescence study of killer defects in GaN wafers on sapphire substrates
Authors: Sekiguchi Takashi , Lee Woong , Luo Xianjia , Kimura Takashi , Cho Yujin 
Published: April 2022

GaN films grown on sapphire substrates were characterized using cathodoluminescence (CL) to identify killer defects in GaN wafers. Dislocations and two types of hexagonal pit, V‐pits and U‐pits, were observed. The optical properties of these pits were clarified by planar observation. The generation and annihilation of the pits were elucidated from the cross sectional observation.The cross sectional CL image to identify generation and annihilation of pit‐type defects.
Excitons in tunnel coupled CdTe and (Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells
Authors: Terletskii Oleg , Ryabchenko Sergiy , Sugakov Volodymyr , Vertsimakha Ganna , Tereshchenko Oleksandr , Karczewski Grzegorz 
Published: April 2022

The photoluminescence (PL) from structures containing Cd0.95Mn0.05Te and CdTe quantum wells (QWs) separated by a narrow (1.94 nm) barrier was studied. The PL lines of comparable intensities from several possible exciton states were observed simultaneously at energy distances substantially exceeding kT. This means that the energy transfer in the studied systems is slower than the radiative recombination of the confined excitons. For the CdTe QW width of about 8.7–9 nm, indirect excitons with the electron and heavy hole chiefly localized in the CdTe and Cd1−xMnxTe QWs, respectively, were detected in the magnetic field. These indirect excitons have PL energy of about 10–20 meV above the PL line of the direct excitons in the CdTe QW. The observation of the PL from the indirect excitons which are not the lowest excitations in the structure is a distinctive feature of the system.Photoluminescence intensity dependence on the energy and the magnetic field.
Event‐based secure leader‐following consensus for cyber‐physical systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Li Qing , Ding Da‐Wei , Xie Xiangpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article studies secure leader‐following consensus for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) under energy‐limited denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. First, an event‐based data update strategy is designed to reduce the communication occupancy rate of limited bandwidth. In particular, both Zeno behavior and singular triggering are excluded. Second, the irregular topological combinations caused by DoS attacks are transformed into switching topologies subject to a Markov chain. On this basis, a novel distributed resilient control strategy is proposed to ensure that agent group can achieve secure leader‐following consensus. Besides, an explicit analysis of DoS frequency and duration is provided to describe attack characteristics. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) as a Kindergarten Predictor of Future Reading in English: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: McWeeny Sean , Choi Soujin , Choe June , LaTourrette Alexander , Roberts Megan Y. , Norton Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapid automatized naming (RAN) has been shown to be a strong correlate of reading abilities. RAN also predicts future reading across different ages, ability levels, and languages, and is often used in literacy screening. Thus, understanding the specific relations between early RAN and later reading difficulties is important, particularly for screening. This systematic review and meta‐analysis (with N = 60 samples; k = 373 effect sizes; n = 10,513 participants), was the first to test the extent to which measures of RAN assessed before grade school predict future reading performance in English‐speaking children. We also tested whether characteristics of the RAN tasks, reading measures, or sample demographics moderate this relationship. We found that overall, kindergarten/preschool RAN is correlated with grade‐school reading at r = −.38, similar in magnitude to previous concurrent meta‐analyses that included various ages and languages. We found that alphanumeric RAN tasks were more strongly related to future reading than were non‐alphanumeric tasks, as well as that RAN significantly predicts all types of reading measures tested, but more strongly predicts real word than nonword reading. To assess the role of RAN’s unique predictive power, we also meta‐analyzed the semipartial correlations of early RAN with later reading when controlling for phonological awareness (PA); the result of rsp = −.25 demonstrates RAN’s significant, unique contribution beyond PA. These results support shared cognitive resource models in which the similarity between RAN and reading tasks accounts for their correlation. We provide practical guidelines for based on these data for early screening for reading difficulties and dyslexia.
Mexican agricultural frontier communities differ in forest dynamics with consequences for conservation and restoration
Authors: Lohbeck Madelon , DeVries Ben , Bongers Frans , Martinez‐Ramos Miguel , Navarrete‐Segueda Armando , Nicasio‐Arzeta Sergio , Siebe Christina , Pingarroni Aline , Wies Germán , Decuyper Mathieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForest regrowth is key to achieve restoration commitments, but a general lack of understanding when it occurs and how long secondary forests persist hampers effective upscaling. We quantified spatiotemporal forest dynamics in a recently colonized agricultural frontier in southern Mexico, and tested how temporal variation in climate, and cross‐community variation in land ownership, land quality and accessibility affect forest disturbance, regrowth and secondary forest persistence. We consistently found more forest loss than regrowth, resulting in a net decrease of 45% forest cover (1991–2016) in the study region. Secondary forest cover remained relatively constant while secondary forest persistence increased, suggesting that farmers are moving away from shifting cultivation. Temporal variation in disturbance was explained by annual variation in climatic variables and key policy and market interventions. We found large differences in forest characteristics across communities, and these were explained by differences in land ownership and soil quality. Forests were better conserved on communal land, while secondary forest was more persistent when farms were larger and soil quality is better. At the pixel‐level both old forest and secondary forests were better represented on low‐quality lands indicating agricultural concentration on productive land. Both old forest and secondary forest were less common close to the main road, where secondary forests were also less persistent. We demonstrate the suitability of timeseries analyses to quantify forest disturbance and regrowth and we analyse drivers across time and space. Communities differ in forest dynamics, indicating different possibilities, needs and interests. We warrant that stimulating private land ownership may cause remaining forest patches to be lost and that conservation initiatives should benefit the whole community. Forest regrowth competes with agricultural production and ensuring farmers have access to restoration benefits is key to restoration success.
From pandemic to endemic pedagogy: Being CLEAR in our teaching
Authors: Felten Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I consider what might happen if the pandemic acts as a portal for teaching and learning in higher education. I suggest the need to make commitments to five interlocking characteristics of post‐pandemic pedagogy: Context, Learning, Equity, Agency, and Relationships. The future of teaching and learning, in short, is CLEAR.
The Mean Field Approach for Populations of Spiking Neurons
Authors: La Camera Giancarlo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMean field theory is a device to analyze the collective behavior of a dynamical system comprising many interacting particles. The theory allows to reduce the behavior of the system to the properties of a handful of parameters. In neural circuits, these parameters are typically the firing rates of distinct, homogeneous subgroups of neurons. Knowledge of the firing rates under conditions of interest can reveal essential information on both the dynamics of neural circuits and the way they can subserve brain function. The goal of this chapter is to provide an elementary introduction to the mean field approach for populations of spiking neurons. We introduce the general idea in networks of binary neurons, starting from the most basic results and then generalizing to more relevant situations. This allows to derive the mean field equations in a simplified setting. We then derive the mean field equations for populations of integrate-and-fire neurons. An effort is made to derive the main equations of the theory using only elementary methods from calculus and probability theory. The chapter ends with a discussion of the assumptions of the theory and some of the consequences of violating those assumptions. This discussion includes an introduction to balanced and metastable networks and a brief catalogue of successful applications of the mean field approach to the study of neural circuits.
Pediatric major burns: a monocentric retrospective review of etiology and outcomes (2008–2020)
Authors: García-Díaz Antonio , Gacto-Sánchez Purificación , Durán-Romero Antonio José , Carrasco-García Salvador , Ruiz-Moya Alejandro , Molina-Morales Julia , Sánchez-Tatay María-Victoria , Gómez-Cía Tomás , Pereyra-Rodríguez José-Juan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background

Burns are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among children. This study aims to assess the epidemiology of pediatric major burns in a third level hospital in Spain to evaluate demographics, etiology, and outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective study was held by the Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery department of the hospital. We included 147 patients under 18 admitted to hospital between January 2008 and December 2020 who meet the inclusion criteria: partial thickness burns > 10% total body surface area (TBSA) in patients < 18 years old. Clinical data extracted included age, gender, date of admission, %TBSA, burn types, severity and sites of burn, length of stay, length of ventilator support, intensive care admission, blood transfusion, surgical interventions, and complications.

Results
Three groups of age were analyzed. The average %TBSA was 18.7 (SE 0.9). Scalds were the main mechanism of injury (70.1%) and upper extremity was the most frequent location affected (68%). The 28.6% of patients suffered some complication, but the mortality rate was low (0.7%). In our series, the group aged 13–18 showed significantly higher %TBSA, more number of surgeries and blood transfusions.

Conclusions
Scald burns are the most frequent mechanism of injury in pediatric burns. However, teenagers suffer more severe burns and complications, usually caused by flame. Despite the low mortality rates, more measures of prevention should be taken to increase children security.
Level of evidence: Level IV, Risk/Prognostic.
Implementierung des Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) im Masterstudiengang Pflegewissenschaft – Pilotprojekt zur Prüfung der ethischen Kompetenz in Pflegepraxis und -forschung
Authors: Dunger Christine , Schnell Martin W. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Vermittlung ethischer Kompetenzen ist wesentlicher Bestandteil in berufsqualifizierenden und postgraduellen Studiengängen. Dabei werden praktisch-ethische Problemlösungskompetenzen, je nach Studiengang aber auch die forschungsethische Betrachtung von Studien thematisiert. Die Überprüfung dieser ethischen Kompetenzen stellt sich als Herausforderung dar. Das schriftliche oder mündliche Abfragen von Lehrinhalten greift zu kurz, da somit lediglich Wissen, jedoch nicht Fertigkeiten oder gar Haltung erfasst werden können.Bei der Reakkreditierung des Masterstudiengangs Pflegewissenschaft an der Universität Witten/Herdecke wurde dieser Herausforderung mit der Umsetzung eines für die postgraduelle Ausbildung innovativen Prüfungsformats begegnet. Für das Modul „Ethik in der Pflegepraxis und -forschung“ wurde ein Format ausgearbeitet, welches sich an den „Objective Structured Clinical Examinations“ orientiert und somit die erworbenen Fertigkeiten und Haltungen der Studierenden mit einbezieht. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie das OSCE-Prüfungsformat (kurz: OSCE) konzipiert und eine Adaption erfolgt ist.