bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma in paediatric intensive care in England residents: observational study
Authors: Mukherjee Mome , Cunningham Steve , Bhuia Mohammad Romel , Lo Tsz-Yan Milly , Been Jasper V. , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite high prevalence of asthma in children in the UK, there were no prior report on asthma admissions in paediatric intensive care units (PICU). We investigated the epidemiology and healthcare resource utilisation in children with asthma presenting to PICUs in England. PICANet, a UK national PICU database, was queried for asthma as the primary reason for admission, of children resident in England from April 2006 until March 2013. There were 2195 admissions to PICU for a median stay of 1.4 days. 59% were males and 51% aged 0–4 years. The fourth and fifth most deprived quintiles represented 61% (1329) admissions and 73% (11) of the 15 deaths. Deaths were most frequent in 10–14 years age (n = 11, 73%), with no deaths in less than 5 years age. 38% of admissions (828/2193) received invasive ventilation, which was more frequent with increasing deprivation (13% (108/828) in least deprived to 31% (260/828) in most deprived) and with decreasing age (0–4-year-olds: 49%, 409/828). This first multi-centre PICU study in England found that children from more deprived neighbourhoods represented the majority of asthma admissions, invasive ventilation and deaths in PICU. Children experiencing socioeconomic deprivation could benefit from enhanced asthma support in the community.
Pro108Ser mutation of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro reduces the enzyme activity and ameliorates the clinical severity of COVID-19
Authors: Abe Kodai , Kabe Yasuaki , Uchiyama Susumu , Iwasaki Yuka W. , Ishizu Hirotsugu , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Takenouchi Toshiki , Uno Shunsuke , Ishii Makoto , Maruno Takahiro , Noda Masanori , Murata Mitsuru , Hasegawa Naoki , Saya Hideyuki , Kitagawa Yuko , Fukunaga Koichi , Amagai Masayuki , Siomi Haruhiko , Suematsu Makoto , Kosaki Kenjiro ,   Keio Donner Project
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, an international randomized controlled clinical trial showed that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated orally with the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitor PF-07321332 within three days of symptom onset showed an 89% lower risk of COVID-19-related hospital admission/ death from any cause as compared with the patients who received placebo. Lending support to this critically important result of the aforementioned trial, we demonstrated in our study that patients infected with a SARS-Cov-2 sub-lineage (B.1.1.284) carrying the Pro108Ser mutation in 3CLpro tended to have a comparatively milder clinical course (i.e., a smaller proportion of patients required oxygen supplementation during the clinical course) than patients infected with the same sub-lineage of virus not carrying the mutation. Characterization of the mutant 3CLpro revealed that the Kcat/Km of the 3CLpro enzyme containing Ser108 was 58% lower than that of Pro108 3CLpro. Hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed that the reduced activity was associated with structural perturbation surrounding the substrate-binding region of the enzyme, which is positioned behind and distant from the 108th amino acid residue. Our findings of the attenuated clinical course of COVID-19 in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 strains with reduced 3CLpro enzymatic activity greatly endorses the promising result of the aforementioned clinical trial of the 3CLpro inhibitor.
Auditory time thresholds in the range of milliseconds but not seconds are impaired in ADHD
Authors: Anobile Giovanni , Bartoli Mariaelisa , Pfanner Chiara , Masi Gabriele , Cioni Giovanni , Tinelli Francesca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe literature on time perception in individuals with ADHD is extensive but inconsistent, probably reflecting the use of different tasks and performances indexes. A sample of 40 children/adolescents (20 with ADHD, 20 neurotypical) was engaged in two identical psychophysical tasks measuring auditory time thresholds in the milliseconds (0.25–1 s) and seconds (0.75–3 s) ranges. Results showed a severe impairment in ADHD for milliseconds thresholds (Log10BF = 1.9). The deficit remained strong even when non-verbal IQ was regressed out and correlation with age suggests a developmental delay. In the seconds range, thresholds were indistinguishable between the two groups (Log10BF = − 0.5) and not correlated with milliseconds thresholds. Our results largely confirm previous evidence suggesting partially separate mechanisms for time perception in the ranges of milliseconds and seconds. Moreover, since the evidence suggests that time perception of milliseconds stimuli might load relatively less on cognitive control and working memory, compared to longer durations, the current results are consistent with a pure timing deficit in individuals with ADHD.
Haploidy in somatic cells is induced by mature oocytes in mice
Authors: Lee Yeonmi , Trout Aysha , Marti-Gutierrez Nuria , Kang Seoon , Xie Philip , Mikhalchenko Aleksei , Kim Bitnara , Choi Jiwan , So Seongjun , Han Jongsuk , Xu Jing , Koski Amy , Ma Hong , Yoon Junchul David , Van Dyken Crystal , Darby Hayley , Liang Dan , Li Ying , Tippner-Hedges Rebecca , Xu Fuhua , Amato Paula , Palermo Gianpiero D. , Mitalipov Shoukhrat , Kang Eunju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHaploidy is naturally observed in gametes; however, attempts of experimentally inducing haploidy in somatic cells have not been successful. Here, we demonstrate that the replacement of meiotic spindles in mature metaphases II (MII) arrested oocytes with nuclei of somatic cells in the G0/G1 stage of cell cycle results in the formation of de novo spindles consisting of somatic homologous chromosomes comprising of single chromatids. Fertilization of such oocytes with sperm triggers the extrusion of one set of homologous chromosomes into the pseudo-polar body (PPB), resulting in a zygote with haploid somatic and sperm pronuclei (PN). Upon culture, 18% of somatic-sperm zygotes reach the blastocyst stage, and 16% of them possess heterozygous diploid genomes consisting of somatic haploid and sperm homologs across all chromosomes. We also generate embryonic stem cells and live offspring from somatic-sperm embryos. Our finding may offer an alternative strategy for generating oocytes carrying somatic genomes.
Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Cortex interactions with G glycoprotein inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infectivity
Authors: Fujikane Aya , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Fujikane Ryosuke , Nishi Akinori , Ishino Yoshizumi , Hiromatsu Kenji , Nabeshima Shigeki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection in children, no effective therapies are available. Recently, RSV G, the attachment glycoprotein, has become a major focus in the development of therapeutic strategies against RSV infection. Treatment of RSV-infected cultured cells with maoto, a traditional herbal medicine for acute febrile diseases, significantly reduced the viral RNA and titers. RSV attachment to the cell surface was inhibited both in the presence of maoto and when RSV particles were pre-treated with maoto. We demonstrated that maoto components, Ephedrae Herba (EH) and Cinnamomi Cortex (CC), specifically interacted with the central conserved domain (CCD) of G protein, and also found that this interaction blocked viral attachment to the cellular receptor CX3CR1. Genetic mutation of CX3C motif on the CCD, the epitope for CX3CR1, decreased the binding capacity to EH and CC, suggesting that CX3C motif was the target for EH and CC. Finally, oral administration of maoto for five days to RSV-infected mice significantly reduced the lung viral titers. These experiments clearly showed the anti-RSV activity of EH and CC mixed in maoto. Taken together, this study provides insights for the rational design of therapies against RSV infection.
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers paracrine senescence and leads to a sustained senescence-associated inflammatory response
Authors: Tsuji Shunya , Minami Shohei , Hashimoto Rina , Konishi Yusuke , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kondo Tamae , Sasai Miwa , Torii Shiho , Ono Chikako , Shichinohe Shintaro , Sato Shintaro , Wakita Masahiro , Okumura Shintaro , Nakano Sosuke , Matsudaira Tatsuyuki , Matsumoto Tomonori , Kawamoto Shimpei , Yamamoto Masahiro , Watanabe Tokiko , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Takayama Kazuo , Kobayashi Takeshi , Okamoto Toru , Hara Eiji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReports of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, in which the inflammatory response persists even after SARS-CoV-2 has disappeared, are increasing1, but the underlying mechanisms of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome remain unknown. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2-infected cells trigger senescence-like cell-cycle arrest2,3 in neighboring uninfected cells in a paracrine manner via virus-induced cytokine production. In cultured human cells or bronchial organoids, these SASR-CoV-2 infection-induced senescent cells express high levels of a series of inflammatory factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs)4 in a sustained manner, even after SARS-CoV-2 is no longer detectable. We also show that the expression of the senescence marker CDKN2A (refs. 5,6) and various SASP factor4 genes is increased in the pulmonary cells of patients with severe post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, we find that mice exposed to a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit prolonged signs of cellular senescence and SASP in the lung at 14 days after infection when the virus was undetectable, which could be substantially reduced by the administration of senolytic drugs7. The sustained infection-induced paracrine senescence described here may be involved in the long-term inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Current progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yin Xiaoqiang , Wu Tongchui , Lan Yadong , Yang Wulin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer worldwide. The onset of the disease is occult and develops rapidly. As a result, the disease is often detected when it is already in advanced stages, resulting in patients losing the best opportunity for liver transplantation and surgical treatment. Therefore, effective treatment of HCC is particularly important in clinical practice. During the past decades, there have been considerable advances in the treatment of HCC, and immunotherapy is increasingly recognized as a promising approach in clinical trials. In this review, an overview of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors (ICIs) and their role in the treatment of liver cancers, particularly advanced HCC, is presented and the recent therapeutic progress with treatment with different ICIs alone or in combination with other methods/therapeutic agents is summarized. In addition, the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response and the limitations of current ICIs are analyzed, and future directions for ICI treatment are discussed.
Telepractice Considerations for Evaluation and Treatment of Voice Disorders: Tailoring to Specific Populations
Authors: Myers Brett , Hary Elizabeth , Ellerston Julia , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this clinical focus article is to provide recommendations for implementation of telepractice services for the evaluation and treatment of voice disorders and to use case examples to highlight the advantages of this modality of service delivery.

Method:
In this clinical focus article, key factors for successful telepractice evaluation and treatment of voice and related disorders are discussed relative to clinical outcome measures. Case examples of telepractice voice therapy are described for a pediatric, transgender, and chronic cough client including associated acoustic, auditory–perceptual, and quality-of-life treatment outcomes.

Results:
Acoustic, perceptual, and quality-of-life outcome measures demonstrated functional voice improvements after treatment using the telepractice modality. The pediatric client showed decreased perceptual voice strain and increased speech intelligibility. The transgender client showed increased habitual speaking fundamental frequency (pitch) and quality of life. The chronic cough client showed improved vocal hygiene and reduced cough severity.

Conclusions:
A review of the literature shows comparable outcomes for in-person and telepractice voice therapy, but special considerations must be made to ensure therapeutic success. We present three representative types of voice cases that illustrate implementation of voice evaluation and treatment using the telepractice modality. In all three cases, the clients' personal therapeutic goals were achieved without needing to travel to the clinic. Furthermore, asynchronous practice opportunities were found to be positive byproducts of using the telepractice modality.
Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences
Authors: Wisler Alan , Goffman Lisa , Zhang Ling , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The spatiotemporal index (STI) is a widely used approach for measuring speech pattern stability across multiple repetitions of a stimulus. In this study, we examine how methodological choices in the implementation of the STI (including the number of repetitions, length of stimuli, and parsing procedure) can affect its value.

Method:
To evaluate how each methodological decision affects the STI, we use a synthetic data framework that allows for the generation of random productions of the template phrase “Buy Bobby a Puppy” at different stability levels. Within this framework, we conduct three experiments: Experiment 1 investigates the effects of the number of repetitions, Experiment 2 investigates the effects of stimulus length, and Experiment 3 investigates the effects of parsing errors.

Results:
In Experiment 1, we observed that STI values based on fewer repetitions will systematically underestimate larger repetition estimates. Experiment 2 showed that STI values will tend to be higher when calculated on longer (multimovement) stimuli independent of any differences in the stability of the underlying speech patterns. Finally, in Experiment 3, we showed that even minor parsing errors (≈ 10 ms) increase the value of the STI.

Conclusions:
The results of this study illustrate that even minor choices in the implementation of the STI can have a noticeable impact on the resulting value. These findings highlight the care that needs to be taken when designing studies and comparing STI values across studies to ensure that different STI values are capturing real differences in motion pattern stability rather than trivial methodological variation.
The Effects of Right Hemisphere Brain Damage on Question-Asking in Conversation
Authors: Minga Jamila , Fromm Davida , Jacks Adam , Stockbridge Melissa D. , Nelthropp Jennifer , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can cause challenges with information gathering. Cognitive processes aid in implicit and explicit information gathering, yet the relationship between these processes and question-asking, the most explicit avenue of information gathering, has not been explored. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study was to test the hypothesis that adults with RHD differ from controls in the types of questions produced during a conversational discourse task and whether observed differences are associated with cognitive limitations.

Method:

Adults with RHD (
n
= 15) and controls (
n
= 15) participated in a 5-min “first-encounter conversation” and were assessed for attention, memory, executive functioning (EF), visuospatial skills, and language domains using the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT). Questions produced during the conversation were coded and tallied by type: polar (yes/no), content (wh-), or alternative (A or B) using Computerized Language Analysis programs. Groups were compared on total questions used, use of questions by type, and CLQT domain scores; associations were computed between cognitive domain scores and question types.

Results:
Compared with controls, adults with RHD used half as many questions overall and scored significantly lower on the attention, executive function, and visuospatial domains of the CLQT. For the RHD group, there was a significant correlation between EF scores and the production of content and polar questions.

Conclusions:
The frequency of question-asking is important to understanding the communication profile in adults with RHD. Executive function, attention, and, to a lesser extent, visuospatial capabilities may contribute to question-asking behaviors in conversation in this population. The RHD Framework for Asking Questions is proposed to illustrate the potential areas of deficit in the question-asking process after RHD.
Their Words, Their World: A Paradigm for Culturally Relevant Family-Centered Intervention
Authors: Rosenzweig Elizabeth A. , Voss Jenna 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:This clinical focus article examines the relevant research regarding culturally responsive practices and its application in early intervention for communication disorders. Authors describe the ways in which language socialization varies by culture and the impact of family-centered intervention for communication development on this process. The profound mismatch of racial, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of the professional workforce and the families served is noteworthy. Speech-language pathologists and teachers of the deaf are invited to examine personal beliefs about culture and language by reflecting on fiveKey Realizations for Professionals. Through an ongoing process of self-reflection, practitioners will be better situated to deliver culturally relevant intervention practices that respect and enhance family talk to promote optimal child outcomes.Conclusion:By establishing guiding principles for culturally responsive intervention and demonstrating case study applications, the information presented in this article can help professionals improve their ability to deliver culturally relevant intervention.
Reactive power compensation method in modern power system facing energy conversion
Authors: Hu Zhen , Wang Ding , Shen Yangwu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe equivalent model of modern power system is more and more difficult to describe its complex stability characteristics, with the continuous promotion of power conversion. This paper proposes an improved equivalent method to consider the voltage deviation between the system side and the load side. On this basis, the voltage stability margin index is derived. Therefore, the relationship between voltage stability margin and reactive power compensation can be analyzed. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by IEEE39 node system and actual provincial grid. The proposed method can obviously improve the voltage stability margin when applied to the small summer mode of the actual system. (The stability margin of the weakest node increased by 12.8%, and the average stability margin of the whole network increased by 1.5%.)
Differences between triggered lightning striking to ground and distribution line inferred from measured currents and electromagnetic fields
Authors: Cai Li , Hu Qiang , Wang Jianguo , Zhou Mi , Li Quanxin , Su Rui , Huang Yijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn 2018–2019, two types of rocket‐triggered lightning tests, that is, striking to ground and distribution line, were conducted in Guangdong, China. The main focus of this paper is to compare the waveform parameters of the return strokes (RS) from the two tests. For current, the 10%–90% risetime of RS from lightning striking to distribution line is 2.4 times higher than that striking to ground, and the differences in the other parameters are small. For close magnetic field, the RS from lightning striking to distribution line have a lower peak (30% lower after considering the peak current) and a larger risetime and half‐peak width time; besides, it is necessary to divide the front edge of the close magnetic field waveform into two parts: leader (BL) and return stroke (BRS). For close electric field, the close RS electric field peak (ERS) was less sensitive to distance than the leader electric field peak (EL). For far electric field, the differences in waveform parameters of RS from the two tests were not significant, but after considering the peak current, the normalised initial electric field peak (EP) of RS from lightning striking to distribution line was 14% lower than that striking to ground.
CMC2R: Cross‐modal collaborative contextual representation for RGBT tracking
Authors: Liu Xiaohu , Luo Yichuang , Yan Keding , Chen Jianfei , Lei Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe key challenge in RBGT tracking is how to fuse dual‐modality information to build a robust RGB‐T tracker. Motivated by CNN structure for local features, and visual transformer structure for global representations, the authors propose a two‐stream hybrid structure, termed CMC2R, to take advantage of convolutional operations and self‐attention mechanisms to lean the enhanced representation. CMC2R fuses local features and global representations under different resolutions through the transformer layer of the encoder block, and the two modalities are collaborated to get contextual information by the spatial and channel self‐attention. The temporal association is performed with the track query, each track query models the entire track of an object, and updated frame‐by‐frame to build the long‐range temporal relation. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and achieve the SOTAs performance.
A systematic approach towards realization of transmission zeros in TE01δ mode dielectric resonator filters with all iris couplings
Authors: Golzar Majid Hami , Kheirdoost Ali , Haghparast Maysam , Ahmadi Behzad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method using a coupling matrix to realize dielectric resonator filters with Transmission Zeros (TZs). This method eliminates the necessity of capacitive coupling in conventional DR filter designs with TZs. Using the proposed technique, the cross‐coupling sign can be changed systematically while the amplitude frequency response is kept unchanged. The method is independent of the filter physical structure and all design steps are based on coupling matrix equation and models. Therefore, unlike the extracted pole technique, this method not only does not require time consuming optimization in full wave simulations but also the extra resonator in this method helps in improving the group delay performance of the filter. After presenting the method, the calculated coupling matrix for a 7 × 4 DR filter will be realized using TE01δ mode of cylindrical dielectric resonators and simulation and measurement results will be compared.