bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging joint infections using D-methyl-11C-methionine PET/MRI: initial experience in humans
Authors: Polvoy Ilona , Seo Youngho , Parker Matthew , Stewart Megan , Siddiqua Khadija , Manacsa Harrison S. , Ravanfar Vahid , Blecha Joseph , Hope Thomas A. , Vanbrocklin Henry , Flavell Robert R. , Barry Jeffrey , Hansen Erik , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E. , Engel Joanne , Rosenberg Oren S. , Wilson David M. , Ohliger Michael A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Non-invasive imaging is a key clinical tool for detection and treatment monitoring of infections. Existing clinical imaging techniques are frequently unable to distinguish infection from tumors or sterile inflammation. This challenge is well-illustrated by prosthetic joint infections that often complicate joint replacements. D-methyl-11C-methionine (D-11C-Met) is a new bacteria-specific PET radiotracer, based on an amino acid D-enantiomer, that is rapidly incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. In this manuscript, we describe the biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and initial human experience using D-11C-Met in patients with suspected prosthetic joint infections.

Methods
614.5 ± 100.2 MBq of D-11C-Met was synthesized using an automated in-loop radiosynthesis method and administered to six healthy volunteers and five patients with suspected prosthetic joint infection, who were studied by PET/MRI. Time-activity curves were used to calculate residence times for each source organ. Absorbed doses to each organ and body effective doses were calculated using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 with both ICRP 60 and ICRP 103 tissue weighting factors. SUVmax and SUVpeak were calculated for volumes of interest (VOIs) in joints with suspected infection, the unaffected contralateral joint, blood pool, and soft tissue background. A two-tissue compartment model was used for kinetic modeling.

Results
D-11C-Met was well tolerated in all subjects. The tracer showed clearance from both urinary (rapid) and hepatobiliary (slow) pathways as well as low effective doses. Moreover, minimal background was observed in both organs with resident micro-flora and target organs, such as the spine and musculoskeletal system. Additionally, D-11C-Met showed increased focal uptake in areas of suspected infection, demonstrated by a significantly higher SUVmax and SUVpeak calculated from VOIs of joints with suspected infections compared to the contralateral joints, blood pool, and background (P < 0.01). Furthermore, higher distribution volume and binding potential were observed in suspected infections compared to the unaffected joints.

Conclusion
D-11C-Met has a favorable radiation profile, minimal background uptake, and fast urinary extraction. Furthermore, D-11C-Met showed increased uptake in areas of suspected infection, making this a promising approach. Validation in larger clinical trials with a rigorous gold standard is still required.
Sisters doing it for themselves: extensive reproductive plasticity in workers of a primitively eusocial bee
Authors: Price Thomas N. , Field Jeremy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plasticity is a key trait when an individual’s role in the social environment, and hence its optimum phenotype, fluctuates unpredictably. Plasticity is especially important in primitively eusocial insects where small colony sizes and little morphological caste differentiation mean that individuals may find themselves switching from non-reproductive to reproductive roles. To understand the scope of this plasticity, workers of the primitively eusocial sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum were experimentally promoted to the reproductive role (worker-queens) and their performance compared with foundress-queens. We focussed on how their developmental trajectory as workers influenced three key traits: group productivity, monopolisation of reproduction, and social control of foraging nest-mates. No significant difference was found between the number of offspring produced by worker-queens and foundress-queens. Genotyping of larvae showed that worker-queens monopolised reproduction in their nests to the same extent as foundress queens. However, non-reproductives foraged less and produced a smaller total offspring biomass when the reproductive was a promoted worker: offspring of worker-queens were all males, which are the cheaper sex to produce. Greater investment in each offspring as the number of foragers increased suggests a limit to both worker-queen and foundress-queen offspring production when a greater quantity of pollen arrives at the nest. The data presented here suggest a remarkable level of plasticity and represent one of the first quantitative studies of worker reproductive plasticity in a non-model primitively eusocial species.

Significance statement
The ability of workers to take on a reproductive role and produce offspring is expected to relate strongly to the size of their colony. Workers in species with smaller colony sizes should have greater reproductive potential to insure against the death of the queen. We quantified the reproductive plasticity of workers in small colonies of sweat bees by removing the queen and allowing the workers to control the reproductive output of the nest. A single worker then took on the reproductive role and hence prevented her fellow workers from producing offspring of their own. These worker-queens produced as many offspring as control queens, demonstrating remarkable worker plasticity in a primitively eusocial species.
Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Plötner Maria , Moldt Katja , In-Albon Tina , Schmitz Julian 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie mehren sich Befunde zu ihrem negativen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bisher ist jedoch wenig darüber bekannt, ob und wie sich dies auf die psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen niederschlägt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die psychische Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie ihre psychotherapeutische Versorgung seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie sollen aus Sicht von Kinder- und JugendlichenpsychotherapeutInnen (KJP) erfasst werden.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 324 KJP aus Deutschland in einer Online-Umfrage gebeten, die letzten 6 Monate mit einem 6‑monatigen Zeitraum vor 2 Jahren zu vergleichen. Fünf- und 7‑stufige Likert-Skalen, Fragen mit Mehr- und Einfachauswahl sowie numerische und ein freies Antwortformat wurden verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Seit Pandemiebeginn haben sich die Wartezeiten nahezu verdoppelt. Es werden mehr Behandlungsstunden angeboten, v. a. mehr Erstgespräche durchgeführt. Therapieverlängerungen kommen häufiger, -abbrüche seltener vor. Bei der Hälfte der PatientInnen ist eine pandemieassoziierte Symptomverschlechterung aufgetreten. Alle erfragten psychischen Störungen treten z. T. deutlich häufiger auf (v. a. Depressionen, Angststörungen, Medienabhängigkeit, Schlaf‑, Anpassungs‑, Zwangs- und Essstörungen). Es erfolgen mehr Telefon- und Videositzungen als vor der Pandemie. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern hat sich verstärkt, die mit dem interdisziplinären Netzwerk verringert.

Diskussion
Die Pandemie hat einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die psychische Verfassung und die psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Eine Anpassung des Versorgungssystems an den gestiegenen Bedarf wird vorgeschlagen, um mögliche Folgeschäden der Pandemie zu begrenzen.
Treatment outcomes of patients with Cutibacterium acnes-positive cultures during total joint replacement revision surgery: a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Hoch A. , Fritz Y. , Dimitriou D. , Bossard D. A. , Fucentese S. F. , Wieser K. , Achermann Y. , Zingg P. O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total joint replacement (TJR). Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a low virulent skin commensal, commonly found during TJR revision surgery for “aseptic” causes. The purpose of the present study was to report the treatment outcomes of patients with C. acnes contamination or infection in the presence of a TJR treated with a revision surgery ± implant exchange ± prolonged (≥ 8 weeks) postoperative antibiotics.

Methods
Medical records of patients with at least one positive C. acnes culture in intraoperative tissue samples or sonication fluid from a TJR revision surgery between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was infection eradication according to Delphi criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative TJR aspiration regarding the diagnosis of C. acnes PJI was also investigated.

Results
A total of 52 TJR (28 shoulders, 17 hips, 7 knees) in 52 patients (35 males, 17 females) with an average age of 63 ± 11 (33–86) years were included. At an average follow-up of 67 ± 33 (24–127) months, the infection eradication of C. acnes PJI was 97% regardless of the surgical treatment or administration of prolonged postoperative antibiotics. The incidence of unsuspected C. acnes PJI was 28.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative joint aspiration in detecting C. acnes PJI were 59% and 88%, whereas the PPV and NNV were 83% and 67%, respectively.

Conclusion
Infection eradication of C. acnes PJI was very high at a minimum follow-up of 24 months, suggesting that C. acnes PJI could be adequately treated with a combination of revision surgery and prolonged postoperative antibiotics. The preoperative diagnosis of C. acnes PJI might be challenging with more than one-quarter of patients presenting without suspicion of C. acnes PJI. The appropriate treatment of patients with a single positive culture remains still unclear. A negative TJR aspiration should not rule out a C. acnes PJI, especially in the presence of clinical correlates of infection.

Level of evidence
Retrospective case–control study, Level III.

IRB approval
Kantonale Ethikkommission Zürich, BASEC Nr.:2017-00567.
Estimation of fault probability in medium voltage feeders through calibration techniques in classification models
Authors: De Santis Enrico , Arnò Francesco , Rizzi Antonello 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMachine Learning is currently a well-suited approach widely adopted for solving data-driven problems in predictive maintenance. Data-driven approaches can be used as the main building block in risk-based assessment and analysis tools for Transmission and Distribution System Operators in modern Smart Grids. For this purpose, a suitable Decision Support System should be able of providing not only early warnings, such as the detection of faults in real time, but even an accurate probability estimate of outages and failures. In other words, the performance of classification systems, at least in these cases, needs to be assessed even in terms of reliable outputting posterior probabilities, a really important feature that, in general, classifiers very often do not offer. In this paper are compared several state-of-the-art calibration techniques along with a set of simple new proposed techniques, with the aim of calibrating fuzzy scoring values of a custom-made evolutionary-cluster-based hybrid classifier trained on a set of a real-world dataset of faults collected within the power grid that feeds the city of Rome, Italy. Comparison results show that in real-world cases calibration techniques need to be assessed carefully depending on the scores distribution and the proposed techniques are a valid alternative to the ones existing in the technical literature in terms of calibration performance, computational efficiency and flexibility.
Reduktion der pluvialen Überflutungsgefahr durch standortangepasste landwirtschaftliche Nutzung
Authors: Monschein Miriam , Schmaltz Elmar , Krebs Gerald , Zenz Gerald , Harrer Christian , Gamerith Valentin 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund des Klimawandels treten immer häufiger Starkregenereignisse auf, die im urbanen und im ländlichen Raum durch Überflutungen Schäden verursachen. Um das Gefahrenpotenzial für die bestehende Bebauung und Infrastruktur zu reduzieren, sind Maßnahmen, wie z. B. der flächige Rückhalt von Niederschlagswasser, erforderlich.In Österreich werden rund 32 % der Gesamtfläche landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Landwirtschaftliche Flächen können damit maßgebend zur Entstehung, aber auch zur Reduktion von pluvialen Überflutungen beitragen. Durch Maßnahmen, wie z. B. die Änderung der Bodenbearbeitung oder der Kulturpflanzen, kann die Infiltrationsrate des Bodens und damit das Ausmaß von Überflutungen und die Grundwasseranreicherung beeinflusst werden. Es besteht jedoch noch Quantifizierungsbedarf, wie stark durch welche landwirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen der oberflächliche Abfluss reduziert werden kann.Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Auswirkungen von zwei unterschiedlichen landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungen (konventioneller Maisacker und regenerativ bewirtschaftetes Grünland) auf den Oberflächenabfluss mittels einer numerischen Niederschlags-Abflussmodellierungen von drei unterschiedlichen Starkregenszenarien (1-, 30- und 100-jährlich) basierend auf innerhalb eines Untersuchungsgebiets durch Labor- und Felduntersuchungen ermittelten physikalischen Bodenparameter.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Untersuchungsgebiet, durch eine vollflächige Bewirtschaftung als Grünland anstatt Ackerland, das Abflussvolumen, insbesondere bei häufig wiederkehrenden Starkregenereignissen, signifikant (bis zu 87 %) reduziert werden kann.Eine standortangepasste landwirtschaftliche Nutzung kann damit das Gefahrenpotenzial für angrenzende Siedlungsgebiete potenziell wesentlich reduzieren. Auch bei der Planung und Dimensionierung von technischen Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen kann die Einbeziehung der Landnutzungsplanung im Einzugsgebiet zielführend sein, um in Summe die Kosten für den Hochwasserschutz (bspw. durch Reduktion des erforderlichen Retentionsvolumens) zu reduzieren.
Upper and lower bounds to the overall incremental stiffness of hyperelastic composites
Authors: Krawietz Arnold 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBounds to the overall stiffness of a composite are well-known within the classical theory of elasticity. They are based on the positive-definiteness of the local stiffness. A transfer to a prestressed state is not trivial. We may study the incremental stiffness that connects the nominal stress rate with the velocity gradient. But when there are mainly compressive stresses, then positive-definiteness can only be secured if this stiffness is replaced by a pseudo-stiffness. Its existence is equivalent to a strengthened form of uniform infinitesimal polyconvexity and is independent of the geometry. The same is the case with the crude Voigt and Reuss bounds. More refined kinematic or dynamic approximations do, of course, depend on the geometry. This is demonstrated with the unidirectional reinforcement of a matrix.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from preschool to school age: change and stability of parent and teacher reports
Authors: Overgaard Kristin Romvig , Oerbeck Beate , Friis Svein , Pripp Are Hugo , Aase Heidi , Biele Guido , Ingeborgrud Christine Baalsrud , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Zeiner Pål 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pre-schoolers may improve their development if treated, but it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms from this age are stable enough to merit treatment. We aimed to investigate the stability of parent- and teacher-reported ADHD symptoms and ADHD classified above the diagnostic symptom thresholds, including for hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI), inattention and combined presentations from age 3 to 8 years. This study is part of the longitudinal, population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. At child age 3 years, parents were interviewed and teachers rated ADHD symptoms. At age 8 years, parents (n = 783) and teachers (n = 335) reported ADHD symptoms by the Child Symptom Inventory-4. We found a significant reduction in the mean number of parent-reported ADHD and HI symptoms from age 3 to 8 years, but otherwise similar mean numbers. Parent-reported ADHD symptoms were moderately correlated between ages, while correlations were low for teachers. A total of 77/108 (71%) of the children classified with parent-reported HI presentation at age 3 years were no longer classified within any ADHD presentation at age 8 years, the only clear trend across time for either informant. There was a low to moderate parent–teacher-agreement in the number of reported symptoms, and very low informant agreement for the classified ADHD presentations. Overall, clinicians should exercise caution in communicating concern about HI symptoms in preschool children. Age 3 years may be too early to apply the ADHD diagnostic symptom criteria, especially if parents and teachers are required to agree.
Biomolecular Effects of Dance and Dance/Movement Therapy: A Review
Authors: Lopez-Nieves Ivana , Jakobsche Charles E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe positive health impacts of dance and dance/movement therapy can be seen all the way down to the molecular level. This narrative-style review illustrates this connection by presenting a collection of clinical and preclinical studies that evaluate the effects of dance activities on hormones and other small-molecule metabolites within the human body. The results of these studies show that dance activities can increase levels of nitric oxide, serotonin, estrogen hormones, and HDL cholesterol, while they can decrease levels of dopamine, serum glucose, serum triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol. Levels of cortisol can either be increased or decreased, depending on the type of dance. Many of these results parallel the biomolecular effects of traditional (non-dance) exercise activities, although some contrasting results can also be seen. The concentrations of these molecules and their distributions throughout the body impact health and a wide variety of disease states. This connection to the molecular level provides a perspective for understanding how it is that dance activities are able to affect larger-scale physiological and psychological responses and lead to the positive health outcomes that are observed in many situations.
The Well-Being of Adolescents Conceived Through Medically Assisted Reproduction: A Population-Level and Within-Family Analysis
Authors: Remes Hanna , Palma Carvajal Maria , Peltonen Riina , Martikainen Pekka , Goisis Alice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMedically assisted reproduction (MAR) plays an increasingly important role in the realization of fertility intentions in advanced societies, yet the evidence regarding MAR-conceived children’s longer-term well-being remains inconclusive. Using register data on all Finnish children born in 1995–2000, we compared a range of social and mental health outcomes among MAR- and naturally conceived adolescents in population-averaged estimates, and within families who have conceived both through MAR and naturally. In baseline models, MAR-conceived adolescents had better school performance and the likelihood of school dropout, not being in education or employment, and early home-leaving were lower than among naturally conceived adolescents. No major differences were found in mental health and high-risk health behaviours. Adjustment for family sociodemographic characteristics attenuated MAR adolescents’ advantage in social outcomes, while increasing the risk of mental disorders. The higher probability of mental disorders persisted when comparing MAR adolescents to their naturally conceived siblings. On average, MAR adolescents had similar or better outcomes than naturally conceived adolescents, largely due to their more advantaged family backgrounds, which underscores the importance of integrating a sociodemographic perspective in studies of MAR and its consequences.
Changes in Sharing and Participation are Important Predictors of the Health of Traditional Harvest Practices in Indigenous Communities in Alaska
Authors: Brinkman Todd , Charles Billy , Stevens Benjamin , Wright Brooke , John Simeon , Ervin Bruce , Joe Jorene , Ninguelook Georgianna , Heeringa Krista , Nu Jennifer , Chapin Terry , Rasmus Stacy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe well-being of Indigenous communities in Alaska is inextricably linked to traditional harvest practices (THPs) such as hunting, fishing, and gathering local wild foods. Regional trends in the health of THPs have not been quantitatively evaluated in Alaska. Therefore, we surveyed Indigenous residents in the Western Coastal (n = 623) and Interior (n = 437) Regions of Alaska to estimate perceptions of the extent and cause of change in the health of THPs over the last ten years. We found that THPs improved in Western Coastal and declined in Interior Alaska. The best predictors of improvement or decline in the health of THPs were 1) change in the ability to share the harvest, 2) change in participation in hunting and fishing activities, and 3) extent of challenges caused by climate change. The odds of a decline in the health of THPs were 8 to 13 times higher for households that reported a decrease in sharing of traditional foods.
Adaptive Integration of Nonlinear Evolution Equations on Tensor Manifolds
Authors: Rodgers Abram , Dektor Alec , Venturi Daniele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop new adaptive algorithms for temporal integration of nonlinear evolution equations on tensor manifolds. These algorithms, which we call step-truncation methods, are based on performing one time step with a conventional time-stepping scheme, followed by a truncation operation onto a tensor manifold. By selecting the rank of the tensor manifold adaptively to satisfy stability and accuracy requirements, we prove convergence of a wide range of step-truncation methods, including explicit one-step and multi-step methods. These methods are very easy to implement as they rely only on arithmetic operations between tensors, which can be performed by efficient and scalable parallel algorithms. Adaptive step-truncation methods can be used to compute numerical solutions of high-dimensional PDEs, which, have become central to many new areas of application such optimal mass transport, random dynamical systems, and mean field optimal control. Numerical applications are presented and discussed for a Fokker-Planck equation with spatially dependent drift on a flat torus of dimension two and four.
A reduced power budget and enhanced performance in a wdm system: a new fbg apodization function
Authors: Mustafa Fathy M. , Sayed Ahmed F. , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe apodization profiles improve chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) capability to compensate dispersion which enhances the performance of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. In this paper, a new apodization profile is proposed to enhance performance and reduces the power budget for a WDM system. The newly apodization profile is implemented to a CFBG as a post compensator in a WDM system for 100 km. It is found the proposed profile enhances the performance and reduces the transmitted power at BER of 10−9. The evaluation of the proposed profile is compared with a previously published work. It is found the proposed profile enhances the Q-factor by 1.08%, decreases BER by 52.8%, and reduces the power budget by 4% than the related work.
Parallelizing MCMC sampling via space partitioning
Authors: Hafych Vasyl , Eller Philipp , Schulz Oliver , Caldwel Allen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEfficient sampling of many-dimensional and multimodal density functions is a task of great interest in many research fields. We describe an algorithm that allows parallelizing inherently serial Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling by partitioning the space of the function parameters into multiple subspaces and sampling each of them independently. The samples of the different subspaces are then reweighted by their integral values and stitched back together. This approach allows reducing sampling wall-clock time by parallel operation. It also improves sampling of multimodal target densities and results in less correlated samples. Finally, the approach yields an estimate of the integral of the target density function.