bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A State of (Dis)unity and Uncertain Belonging: The Central African Republic and its Muslim Minority
Authors: Collins Laura , Vlavonou Gino 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines how existing in a larger socio-political environment of contested national belonging shapes Muslims’ experiences in the Central African Republic (car). We draw on data gathered between 2017 and 2019 from various archival sources and in-depth interviews with Muslim religious leaders and non-Muslims in car’s capital, Bangui. We argue that through claims to autochthony a dual logic of exclusion co-occurs which shapes how Muslims experience their minority status. First, national level autochthony debates frame Muslim minority exclusion from the Central African national imagination. Second, at the Muslim intra-communal level, and particularly among religious leaders, autochthony encapsulates debates over “authentic” Muslimhood – fuelled not by contestation over Islamic practice and interpretation, but rather historical contestation based on ethnic exclusion. Specifically, we show that claims to “proper” Central African Muslimhood are premised on autochthony embedded in a dominant myth of primary settlement advanced by certain Muslim leaders.
A Muslim Minority and the Use of Media: Charismatic Aesthetics of the Ahmadiyya in West Africa
Authors: Langewiesche Katrin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The minority status of the Ahmadiyya is linked to the doctrine of this movement, described by some as heterodox, by others as non-Islamic, but also in connection to their minority demographics, whether in Burkina Faso, the country under scrutiny here, or within the overall Muslim population. The article examines the special case of the Ahmadiyya to answer general issues regarding the transnational expansion of Muslim minorities and their use of media in the struggle for recognition and participation in national public spheres. The description of the iconographic aesthetics of this Muslim missionary minority, in particular the use of the portraits of the charismatic leaders, is used to analyse the challenges of its self-representation towards the Muslim majority worldwide. The analysis of Ahmadiyya’s iconographic discourse highlights that the charismatic aesthetics makes individuals sense the power of the caliphate in their intimacy. It also emphasises the tensions related to their mediatised selfrepresentation.
Standardized Medical Coding Curriculum in Surgical Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Selvakumar Sruthi , Ngatuvai Micah , Zagales Ruth , Sauder Matthew , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Despite the increasing importance of coding and billing in healthcare as a whole and calls from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to emphasize systems-based practice, many surgical training programs have not prioritized coding and billing within their curricula. We aim to evaluate the performance of surgical residents and early career surgeons in coding and billing and to appraise interventions to improve coding and billing abilities within this group. Methods A literature search from conception to March 15th, 2022 utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE was conducted to search for studies that evaluate surgical resident coding practices and interventions to improve practice management and financial competency. Results Discrepancies in coding and billing ability are prominent between residents, surgeons, and professional coders. One study demonstrated coding accuracy of 76.5% for professional coders, 62.1% for surgical attendings, and 54.1% for surgical residents, whereas another study reported a 52.82% coding accuracy and residents. Resident performance in coding and billing was inferior to their more experienced surgical attending counterparts and professional coders. Surgical residents and fellows demonstrated significantly improved knowledge and confidence in coding following the administration of either individual or longitudinal educational interventions. Conclusion Coding and billing discrepancies among students, residents, and surgeons persist due to a lack of formalized training. Integration of standardized and mandated medical coding curricula and interventions within residency programs has great potential to improve surgical coding practices and should be a mandatory component of graduate medical education.
Performance-related pay, fairness perceptions, and effort in public management tasks: a parallel encouragement design
Authors: Belardinelli Paolo , Belle Nicola , Cantarelli Paola , Battaglio Paul 
Published: June 2022

This randomized study explores the causal mechanisms linking contingent pay to individual performance on a series of tasks mimicking real public management activities. Employing a parallel encouragement design in a laboratory setting, we disentangle the overall, direct, and indirect performance effects of perceived fairness as well as a pay scheme that reproduces the merit system provisions adopted by the Italian government. The overall performance effect of that contingent pay scheme turned out to be insignificant when averaged across the four experimental tasks. However, a significant pay-for-performance effect was detected for the most routine task. Moreover, we observed heterogeneity in the treatment effect depending on the participants’ relative positioning in the performance ranking. Overall, the data do not provide support for a mediation model linking contingent pay-for-performance through perceived fairness. Points for practitioners Workers tend to perceive pay-for-performance as fairer than equal pay. The effectiveness of pay-for-performance seems to be greater for more routine tasks. Public organizations and their managers should be aware that the effects of pay-for-performance may be unpredictable because they depend on a multitude of factors.
Overexpression of GNA13 correlates with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy
Authors: Pan Zichun , Zheng Zhousan , Ye Wen , Chen Cui , Ye Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Background This study aimed to explore the expression and clinical implication of guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha 13 (GNA13) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods We first employed western blot analysis to test the GNA13 protein expression level in ESCC tissues. Subsequently, we used immunohistochemistry assays to detect the GNA13 in ESCC specimens from 173 patients who underwent esophagectomy. Survival analysis was performed to define the impact of GNA13 expressions on the prognosis of the ESCC patients based on the clinical and follow-up data. Results The GNA13 protein was shown to be considerably higher in ESCC tissues than in normal esophageal tissues. The level of expression was closely related to the tumor, node, TNM stage, and tumor size. More importantly, ESCC patients with high GNA13 expression carried an increased risk of tumor recurrence compared to those with low GNA13 expression. In addition, a high GNA13 expression level could independently predict worse overall survival and disease-free survival in ESCC. Conclusions GNA13 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for ESCC patients after esophagectomy.
Preparation and performance of acrylic acid grafted PES ultrafiltration membrane via plasma surface activation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Ru 
Published: June 2022

A modified PES ultrafiltration membrane with excellent separation and antifouling properties was obtained after modification by remote Ar–NH3 plasma-induced acrylic acid (AA) grafting. Hydrophilic properties were characterised using water contact angle measurements. The morphology was analysed using SEM and BET measurements. Changes in the surface functional groups were determined using XPS and ATR-FTIR. The separation and antifouling properties were evaluated through a bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation experiment. The results revealed that the surface structure of the modified membrane was not destroyed, that amino groups were introduced on the surface of the PES membrane, and that AA was successfully grafted. The water contact angle decreased from 67° in the original membrane to 5 ± 0.63° in the modified membrane. The water flux increased from 30 to 93.6 L/(m2·h). The rejection rate of BSA increased from 61.5 to 93.8%, and the flux recovery rate increased from 60.0 to 92.3%.
Headspace early intervention for psychosis in Australia: Is it still a ‘best buy’?
Authors: Allison Stephen , Jorm Anthony , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: June 2022

Objectives Australia is piloting a stand-alone early intervention programme for psychosis, based on the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) model that was developed within mainstream Victorian State Government psychiatric services. The Australian early intervention programme is located in primary care, and badged as ‘ headspace Early Psychosis Youth Services’. There are currently six metropolitan early intervention services with two further services planned for the 2023 Financial Year. We discuss key findings from an external evaluation of the first six services, released by the Australian Government Department of Health under a Freedom of Information request. Conclusions headspace Early Psychosis Youth Services received high ratings for patient satisfaction and engagement, which was associated with symptomatic improvement and functional recovery. However, governance was complicated, costs were relatively high, and caseload targets were not met. The cost for an additional year of good quality life was estimated at AUD 318,954, which exceeds the usual thresholds for defining a ‘good buy’. Integrated models should be investigated, as they seem in principle to offer efficiencies and improved continuity of care.
High Depressive Symptoms, Low Family Functioning, and Low Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Two Control Groups
Authors: Jackson Stefanie Zavodny , Pinto-Martin Jennifer A. , Deatrick Janet A. , Boyd Rhonda , Souders Margaret C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in raising their children, and they are at higher risk for depression compared to parents of children with typical development (TD) and other disabilities. Aims: (1) To compare prevalence of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with ASD ( n = 101), Down syndrome (DS, n = 101), and TD ( n = 43) and (2) to describe the relationships among depression, self-efficacy, and family functioning, and describe the mediating role of maternal child care self-efficacy between depressive symptoms and child behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers completed the Social Communication Questionnaire, Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale, and Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: Mothers of children with ASD had significantly higher mean PHQ-9 scores ( p < .001), higher proportion of positive depression screening ( p < .001), and lower family functioning ( p < .001). Better family functioning is associated with less depression, better self-efficacy, and less severe ASD symptoms and behaviors. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between depression and child ASD symptoms, and problematic behavior. Conclusions: The rates of reported history of depression and low family functioning in mothers of children with ASD are twice the rate in mothers of children with DS and TD. Maternal child care self-efficacy is protective against maternal depression, even in the presence of severe child problematic behaviors and ASD symptoms. Interventions that increase child care self-efficacy and family functioning may be helpful in addressing depression in mothers of children with ASD.
Recreational screen media use among Danish children aged 6–11 years: influence of parental screen media habits and attitudes
Authors: Sørensen Sarah Overgaard , Gejl Anne Kær , Pedersen Jesper , Rasmussen Martin Gillies , Olesen Line Grønholt , Kristensen Peter Lund , Grøntved Anders 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Little is known about the influence of parents’ screen media habits and attitudes towards screen media on children’s screen use. We investigated associations of parental screen use, their smartphone addiction and screen media attitudes, with children’s recreational screen use. Methods: This study was based on a population-based cross-sectional survey sent between May 2019 and November 2020 to a random sample of 6820 Danish parent–child dyads who answered questions regarding their screen media habits. Children were 6–11 years of age and had to reside with the parent. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were conducted (in October 2021) separately for screen media use on weekdays and weekend days. Results: The analyses included 5437 parents (41.0 years, 67.6% girls) and 5437 children (8.9 years, 48.2% girls). The adjusted relative odds of excessive amounts of screen use of children (>3 hours/weekday and >4 hours/weekend day) was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6; 7.3) on weekdays and 7.2 (95% CI 5.9; 8.8) on weekend days comparing the fourth and first quartile of parental screen use. Children of parents in the fourth quartile of parental screen use had 2.1 (95% CI 1.7; 2.5) and 2.5 (95% CI 2.2; 3.0) greater odds of screen use before bedtime on all week and weekend days, respectively. Children of parents who had a positive attitude towards their child’s screen use or were at high risk of smartphone addiction had significantly higher screen use and more frequent problematic screen use. Conclusions: Parent’s screen media habits and attitudes were strongly associated with their children’s recreational screen use.
A virtual reality-based mind–body approach to downregulate psychophysiological arousal in adolescent insomnia
Authors: de Zambotti Massimiliano , Yuksel Dilara , Kiss Orsolya , Barresi Giacinto , Arra Nicole , Volpe Laila , King Christopher , Baker Fiona C 
Published: June 2022

Objective In this study, we describe the rationale, supported by preliminary data, for a novel, digital, immersive virtual reality (VR)-based mind–body approach, designed to reduce bedtime arousal in adolescents with insomnia. Methods Fifty-two high-school students (16–20 years; 32 female) with ( N = 18) and without ( N = 34) DSM-5 insomnia symptoms engaged with 20 min of immersive VR-guided meditation and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) ( intervention condition) and 20 min of quiet activity ( control condition), right before bedtime, on two separate evenings. Results The intervention resulted in acute autonomic and cortical modulation ( p < 0.05), leading to reduced physiological arousal (↓heart rate, ↓cortisol) compared with the control condition, with similar effects in adolescents with and without insomnia. No significant changes were detected for cognitive arousal levels. During the intervention, all participants were able to achieve the targeted 0.1 Hz breathing rate, and the majority experienced no discomfort associated with the VR exposure. However, 30–40% of the participants experienced some trouble slowing down their breathing. Conclusions The study provides supporting preliminary evidence for the mechanism behind a novel VR-based digital approach, designed to regulate psychophysiological arousal levels by acting on neurocognitive and autonomic pathways. Further studies (e.g. randomized clinical trials) are needed to evaluate the isolated and synergistic effects of its components (e.g. VR vs. VR + paced breathing), and its efficacy, acceptance, and feasibility in alleviating insomnia symptoms in adolescents.
Ability to Retension Knotless Suture Anchors: A Biomechanical Analysis of Simulated Bankart Lesions
Authors: LeVasseur Matthew R. , Mancini Michael R. , Williams Nicholas , Obopilwe Elifho , Cote Mark P. , Coyner Katherine J. , Arciero Robert A. , Caldwell Paul E. , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Knotless suture anchors are gaining popularity in arthroscopic glenohumeral labral repairs. The ability to retension knotless designs after initial anchor placement has been reported; however, no studies have quantified this claim or investigated the biomechanical consequence of retensioning. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether knotless and knotted suture anchors have biomechanical or anatomic differences with regard to labral repairs and to determine whether retensioning of knotless suture anchors affects capsular tension, labral height, and capsular shift. We hypothesized that retensioning of knotless anchors would result in improved capsular tension compared with conventional knotted suture anchors. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders with a mean age of 56 years were dissected to the capsule and disarticulated at the humeral capsular insertion. The scapula was potted and placed in a custom shoulder simulator to tension the capsule via braided sutures localized to the anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament. Specimens were randomized into 3 groups: (1) Knotted (KT), (2) Knotless with end retensioning (KLend), and (3) Knotless with stepwise retensioning (KLstepwise). All repairs were completed using all-suture anchors placed at the 5-, 4-, and 3-o’clock positions. KLstepwise was used to simulate an intraoperative technique. Resultant mean capsular tension under 5 mm of displacement (subfailure loading) was measured for each anchor placement and retensioning step. Labral height and capsular shift were measured using a MicroScribe digitizer. Results: The intact, defect, 1-anchor, 2-anchor, and 3-anchor tensions were not significantly different between the KT and KLend groups. For the latter, retensioning of all knotless anchors increased capsular tension by 2.1 N compared with its 3-anchor state, although this was not statistically significant ( P = .081). The KLstepwise group explored an alternative method to retension the capsule using knotless anchors, with similar final capsular tensions compared with the other groups. All repairs had similar improvements in capsulolabral height and superior capsular shift. Conclusion: Knotted and knotless suture anchors provided similar overall restorations in anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament tension. However, knotless devices were capable of small but statistically insignificant improvements in capsular tension with retensioning. Clinical Relevance: Retensioning of knotless anchors allows the surgeon to tighten regions of the glenohumeral capsule that remain lax after repair.
Differential responses of COPD macrophages to respiratory bacterial pathogens
Authors: Lea Simon , Beech Augusta , Baker James , Gaskell Rosemary , Pindolia Dharmendra , Dikwa Aisha Baba , Shah Rajesh , Singh Dave 
Published: June 2022

COPD patients have increased susceptibility to airway bacterial colonisation.Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalisandStreptococcus pneumoniaeare three of the most common respiratory bacterial species in COPD.H. influenzaecolonisation,but not other bacteria, in COPD patients is associated with higher sputum neutrophil counts. Alveolar macrophages are key in clearance of bacteria as well as releasing mediators to recruit and activate other immune cells in response to infection. The aim was to characterise differences in COPD macrophage responses toH. influenzae, M. catarrhalisand S. pneumoniae,focusing on release of inflammatory and chemotactic mediators, and apoptosis regulation. Lung macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages from COPD patients and control subjects were exposed toH. influenzae, M. catarrhalisor S. pneumoniae.Cytokine secretion(tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, CCL5 and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), and apoptosis genes MCL-1, BCL-2, BAX and BAK1 by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release were also measured. Macrophages responded differentially to the bacterial species, with increased, prolonged production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 in response toH. influenzaeandM. catarrhalisbut notS. pneumoniae.S. pneumoniaeinitiated macrophage apoptosis and ROS release,H. influenzaeandM. catarrhalisdid not and increased anti-apoptosis gene expression (BCL-2 5.5-fold and MCL-1 2.4-fold, respectively). Differential cytokine responses of macrophages to these bacterial species can explain neutrophilic airway inflammation associated withH. influenzae,but notS. pneumoniaein COPD. Furthermore, delayed macrophage apoptosis is a potential mechanism contributing to inability to clearH. influenzae.
Computed tomography on lung cancer screening is useful for adjuvant comorbidity diagnosis in developing countries
Authors: de Mattos Juliane Nascimento , Santiago Escovar Carlos Eugênio , Zereu Manuela , Rubin Adalberto Sperb , Camargo Spencer Marcantonio , Mohammed Tan-Lucien , dos Santos Ricardo Sales , Verma Nupur , Penha Pereira Diana , Guedes Pinto Erique , Machuca Tiago , Medeiros Tássia Machado , Hochhegger Bruno 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyse and quantify the prevalence of six comorbidities from lung cancer screening (LCS) on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients from developing countries.MethodsFor this retrospective study, low-dose CT scans (n=775) were examined from patients who underwent LCS in a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2020. An age- and sex-matched control group was obtained for comparison (n=370). Using the software, coronary artery calcification (CAC), the skeletal muscle area, interstitial lung abnormalities, emphysema, osteoporosis and hepatic steatosis were accessed. Clinical characteristics of each participant were identified. A t-test and Chi-squared test were used to examine differences between these values. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and interobserver agreement (assessed by calculating kappa coefficients) were calculated to assess the correlation of measures interpreted by two observers. p-values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsOne or more comorbidities were identified in 86.6% of the patients and in 40% of the controls. The most prevalent comorbidity was osteoporosis, present in 44.2% of patients and in 24.8% of controls. New diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, emphysema and osteoporosis were made in 25%, 7% and 46% of cases, respectively. The kappa coefficient for CAC was 0.906 (p<0.001). ICCs for measures of liver, spleen and bone density were 0.88, 0.93 and 0.96, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsCT data acquired during LCS led to the identification of previously undiagnosed comorbidities. The LCS is useful to facilitate comorbidity diagnosis in developing countries, providing opportunities for its prevention and treatment.