bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of trends in the rainfall and droughts occurring in the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon systems in the southern Peninsular India
Authors: KRISHNAN A. 
Published: February 2022

A detailed climatic classification of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States of southern Peninsular India which receive rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoon has been made by using the data of all provincial raingauge stations in these States for the period 1901-75 and a comparison of the same is made with earlier classifications.

A comparison of the rainfall normals (1901-1950) with the rainfall amounts recorded at different stations in these States during 1951-1975 indicates that decreases in annual rainfall have occurred in the latter period for many regions in Tamil Nadu which receive rainfall predominently during northeast monsoon, whereas increases have occurred in Malnad area, coastal Karnataka and north Interior Karnataka which receive rainfall mostly during southwest monsoon. Maps showing differences between rainfall during these periods have been presented. Trends of annual rainfall as well as rainfall during principal seasons, viz., southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon thunderstorm season of typical stations in these regions have been studied and results discussed. Use of auto-regressive models for study of trends is discussed.
أساليب التفكير المفضلة لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة إقليم سبأ اليمنية وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات
Authors: د. محمد احمد علي قبقب  
Published: February 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أساليب التفكير المفضَّلة لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة إقليم سبأ اليمنية، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي القائم على المسح الميداني، ولتحقيق أهدافها أعدَّ الباحث مقياسا وفق نظرية هاريسون وبراميسون (1982م) من (15) موقفًا، وكل موقف منها اشتمل على خمس فقرات؛ لتقيس كل فقرة أحد أساليب التفكير الخمسة (المثالي، والواقعي، والعملي، والتحليلي، والتركيبي) التي يتكون منها المقياس الكلي، وتكونت العينة من(80) طالبًا وطالبة من طلبة الدراسات العليا في كليتي التربية والآداب والعلوم، وعلوم الحاسوب وتقنية المعلومات في العام 2019/ 2020م ، وتوصَّلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج؛ من أهمها أنَّ ترتيب أسلوب التفكير الواقعي حصل على المرتبة الأولى في تقديرات الطلبة عن مدى تفضيلاتهم لأساليب التفكير، يليه أسلوب التفكير(التحليلي، فالعملي، ثم المثالي، وأخيرًا أسلوب التفكير التركيبي، كما كشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيًا تعزى لمتغيرات(النوع، والكلية، والقسم الأكاديمي) بشكل عام.وتضمنت الدراسة عددًا من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.
AbstracThe study aimed at revealing the preferred thinking styles of graduate students at Sheba Region University. The descriptive analytic approach based on field surveys was followed in the study. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher prepared a scale of (15) domains according to the theory of Harrison and Bramson where each domain included (5) items. Each one of these items measured one of the five thinking styles (idealist, realist, pragmatist, analyst, and synthesist). The validity and reliability of the scale were verified by the known scientifically psychometric methods. The sample of the study consisted of (80) graduate students in the Faculty of Education, Arts and Sciences and the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology in the academic year of 2019/2020. The study concluded that the realistic thinking style ranks first in the students’ estimates of their preferences for thinking styles, followed by the analytical, practical, idealistic, and synthetic thinking styles respectively. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of gender, college, and academic department.
دلالة الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(منْ) في القرآن الكريم
Authors: د. حسن محمد معافى  علي المهدلي  
Published: February 2022

هذه دراسة نحوية موضوعية دلالية، هدفت إلى معرفة دلالة الاستثناء المنقطع بــ(مَنْ) الموصولية في القرآن الكريم، اعتمدتْ على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي للآيات القرآنية موضوع الدراسة.حيثُ توصَّلتْ هذه الدراسة إلى أنَّ الاستثناء المنقطع هو ما كان المستثنى ليس جزءًا، ولا من جنس المستثنى منه، وتأتي فيه (إلا) بمعنى (لكنْ)، فيفيد الاستدراك، ولا يُفيدُ التخصيص، والمتصل ما كان عكسه. ودلالات استخدام الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(من) في القرآن الكريم، إذ تفيد من الاشتراك و العموم. فجمعتُ كل الآيات التي رَجَحَ فيها أنَّها استثناءات منقطعة، وما كان فيه خلاف لا راجح فيه تُرك، معتمدًا في تعيين ذلك على: إعراب النُّحاة، وأقوال المفسرين، وما دلَّ عليه سياق الآيات الكريمات. فقد ذكرتِ الدراسة أربع عشرة آية قرآنية جاء فيها الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(من) واضحًا جليًا، في توطئة ومبحثين، وخاتمة، مبيِّنا دلالة كل استثناء في موضوعه. وفي أثناء الدراسة ستتضح بعض الأمور عن الاستثناء المنقطع بــ(مَنْ)، من حيث معناه ودلالته الموضوعية والنحوية.وأوصت الدراسة بجملة من التوصيات من أهمها تبني دراسة بقية دلالات الاستثناء المنقطع بالاسم الموصول وغيره في آيات القرآن الكريم.وانتهت الدراسة بخاتمة بيَّنَتْ النتائج التي توصلت إليها، مع ثبت المصادر والمراجع.وحدوده تقتصر على آيات القرآن الكريم التي رَجَحَ فيها الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(مَنْ).
This study aimed at identifying the significance of interrupted exception using the Arabic relative pronoun man “who” in the Holy Qur’an. It used the descriptive analytic inductive approach. The study concluded that the excepted is not a part of the excepted from and it does not have its types in interrupted exception. In interrupted exception, villa “except“ means “but” which is used as an adversative and not an specifying. Connected exception is the opposite. The use of interrupted exception with man in Holy Qur’an indicates association and generality. The researcher collected all the verses in which it is likely that they are interrupted exceptions. Disputable verses were left. That was based on grammarians’ analyses (I’rab) and interpreters’ sayings, and on the indication of the verses’ context. The study presented fourteen Quranic verses in which the interrupted exception with man was clearly stated. The study was composed of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion, where the indication of each exception was put under its topic. The study recommended studying other indications of interrupted ex
الشخصية القانونية للفرد في ظل التطورات الدولية
Authors: د. عبدالرحمن محمد مقبل عبد الحميد  
Published: February 2022

يعد اكتساب الفرد للشخصية القانونية هي المكانة الطبيعية باعتبارها البوابة الرئيسة للوصول لحقوقه وحماية حرياته ومكتسباته، والتي تمكن الفرد من الحصول على مركزًا دوليًا وشخصًا من أشخاص القانون الدولي كنتيجة حتمية للتطورات الدولية المعاصرة، وغاية ومثلاً للمنظومة العالمية الحديثة الساعية لتكريس القيم الإنسانية في التعاملات الوطنية والدولية على حد سواء، ورغم اكتساب الفرد للشخصية القانونية التي مكنته ليصبح شخصًا من أشخاص القانون الدولي إلا أنََّّه لا يتمتع بالاختصاصات الدولية إلا على سبيل الاستثناء؛ ولذا فهو من الناحية القانونية في وضع يتدنى عن وضع الدولة باعتبارها أحد أشخاص القانون الدولي، ويسعى البحث إلى معرفة طبيعة ودرجة الشخصية القانونية التي اكتسبها الفرد.
Acquisition of legal personality by individuals is the natural position as the main gateway to accessing and protecting their freedoms and rights. This enables the individual to obtain an international status and to become a subject of international law as an inevitable result of contemporary international developments, and an optimal goal for the new global system that seeks to devote human values in both national and international dealings. Although the individual acquires the legal personality that enables him/her to become a subject of international law, he/she has the international competences only as an exception. Therefore, from a legal point of view, the individual is in a position below that of the state since a state is considered as an individual of international law. The research aimed at identifying the nature and degree of legal personality acquired by the individual.
القواعد الدستورية في صلح الحديبية في ضوء قواعد السياسة الشرعية والقانون العام الداخلي دراسة تحليلية.
Authors: د.محمد حمود نعمان القدسي  
Published: February 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار القواعد الدستورية التي تضمنها صلح الحديبة سواء أكانت تلك القواعد قواعد دستورية أساسية، أم في باب الحقوق والحريات، وقد استخدم الباحث منهجين من مناهج البحث العلمي، المنهج التاريخي في تتبع الروايات الواردة في الصلح من صحاح السنة وكتب التفسير والسير والتاريخ والمغازي، والمنهج التحليلي من خلال دراسة تلك الروايات من مصادرها الأصلية وتحليليها وتفسيرها واستنباط ما تضمنته من قواعد في ضوء قواعد السياسة الشرعية والقانون العام الداخلي، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنَّ الصلح قد اشتمل على العديد من القواعد الدستورية المهمة والمتمثلة بمبدأ المشروعية، ومبدأ الشورى، والأخذ برأي الأغلبية، وكذا حرية العقيدة، وحرية التعبير، وحقوق المرأة السياسية، والتي كانت ولا تزال قيمًا إسلامية سامية تمثل الأساس المتين، والنهج القويم في بناء الدولة المسلمة في زمن الرسول  وبعده في الوقت التي كانت المجتمعات غير المسلمة ترسف تحت وطأة من التسلط والاستفراد والتجبر، وكان فيه قول الحاكم الذي لا يعلو عليه قول هو القانون الواجب النفاذ في مواجهة الجميع، وبالمقابل فإنَّ الشعوب غير المسلمة لم تصل إلى إقرار تلك القواعد إلا بعد كفاح طويل، ومع ذلك فلا يزال الأمر غير مستقر، بخلاف الأمر في النظام الإسلامي فقد اتضحت معالمه وبانت حدوده، وتجلت أحكامه مع ظهور الدولة المسلمة في زمن النبي  وبنصوص صحيحة صريحة، وهذا دليلٌ واضح أنَّ الدولة المسلمة وليدة القانون الإسلامي وصنيعته.
This study aimed at exhibiting the constitutional rules included in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. It also investigated whether these rules are fundamental constitutional rules, or just items in the section of rights and freedom. The historical and the analytical approaches were adopted in this study. The historical approach is used to track the narrations introduced in Sihah books (the Six Canonical Books of Hadith), Tafsir books, Seerah, history, and Maghazi. The research also used the analytical approach to study and analyze these narrations from their original sources. It is also used to interpret such narrations and deduce their inclusion of the rules in the light of the rules of Islamic legal politics and internal common law. The study concluded that the Treaty included many important constitutional rules, namely the principle of legitimacy, the principle of shura, and the majority opinion taking, as well as freedom of belief, freedom of expression, and women’s political rights. All those have been high Islamic values that represent the solid and strong foundation of building the Muslim State in the time of the Prophet and what followed. At that time, non-Muslim societies were being burdened by domination, isolation and tyranny, and the ruler’s word was the one to be heard and obeyed and the law to be enforced. Non-Muslim people reached the adoption of those rules after a long struggle and that adoption remained unstable in their societies. In the case of the Islamic administration, however, it has become clear and its borders have been defined, with the emergence of the Muslim state in the time of the Prophet in explicitly correct texts. Therefore, it is quite clear that the Muslim State is the product of Islamic Law and its creation.
Profil Penderita Morbus Hansen di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Bali Mandara Januari 2018-Desember 2020
Authors: Aviana Felicia , Birawan I Made , Sutrini Ni Nyoman Ayu 
Published: February 2022

<p>Morbus Hansen (MH) merupakan salah satu penyakit terabaikan dan masih sering dijumpai di negara tropis dan subtropis, termasuk di Indonesia yang menduduki peringkat ketiga di dunia. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil penderita MH di Poliklinik<br />Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Bali Mandara periode Januari 2018-Desember 2020. Didapatkan 55 penderita MH dengan 492 (1,6%) kunjungan dari 30587 total kunjungan; terdiri dari 39 (71%) laki-laki dan 16 (29%) perempuan, terbanyak dari kelompok usia 25-44 tahun (45,5%). Berdasarkan<br />tipe MH, didapatkan tipe multibasiler (MB) sebesar 92,7%. Berdasarkan reaksi MH, didapatkan 14,5% pasien dengan reaksi erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), tidak didapatkan pasien reaksi reversal. Mayoritas penderita MH di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Bali Mandara periode Januari<br />2018-Desember 2020 adalah laki-laki, kelompok usia 25-44 tahun, tipe multibasiler dengan reaksi erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).</p><p> </p><p>Morbus Hansen (MH) still becomes one of the neglected tropical diseases, including in Indonesia where the prevalence ranks third in the world. This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to describe the profile of MH patients at the Dernatovenerology Clinic, Bali Mandara General Hospital. There were 55 MH patients with 492 (1,6%) visits from 30587 total visits during January 2018-December 2020. This 55 MH patients consisted of 39 (71%) males dan 16 (29%) females, the dominant age group was 25-44 year-old (45,5%). Based on the type of MH,<br />92,7% were Multibacillary (MB) type reaction and 14,5% were erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction. The majority of MH patients at the Dermatovenerology Clinic, Bali Mandara General Hospital, were male, 25-44 year-old, multibacillary type with erythema nodosum leprosum<br />(ENL) reaction.</p>
Cutaneous Mucormycosis
Authors: Karyadi Erlinda , Agnes Leoni 
Published: February 2022

<p>Cutaneous mucormycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by opportunistic fungi from phylum Glomeromycota. This disease is frequently found in poorly controlled diabetic patients and immunosuppressed individuals. It is usually acquired by direct inoculation through trauma.<br />The clinical presentation is nonspecific indurated plaque rapidly evolves to necrosis. Diagnosis should be confirmed by demonstration of the etiological agent and molecular tests. First-line therapy is amphotericin B combined with surgery; second line treatment include posaconazole<br />and isavuconazole.</p><p> </p><p>Cutaneous mucormycosis adalah infeksi jamur oportunistik dari filum Glomerycota. Penyakit ini sering dijumpai pada pasien diabetes tidak terkontrol serta pada pasien imunosupresi. Penyebaran penyakit ini umumnya inokulasi langsung melalui trauma. Gambaran klinis berupa plak berindurasi nonspesifik yang berkembang cepat menjadi nekrosis. Diagnosis melalui pemeriksaan kultur dan sejumlah tes molekular. Terapi lini pertama yaitu amphotericin B dengan pembedahan, lini kedua dapat menggunakan posaconazole dan isavuconazole.</p>
Pengaruh Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) terhadap Fungsi Kognitif
Authors: Wijaya Vidya Gani , Wreksoatmodjo Budi Riyanto 
Published: February 2022

<p>Pasien COVID-19 memiliki gejala bervariasi. Saat ini, selain ditemukan gejala pada sistem pernapasan dan pencernaan, gejala di sistem organ lain pun mulai banyak ditemukan, salah satunya pada sistem saraf dengan gejala neurologis yang bervariasi seperti anosmia (sering), stroke, nyeri kepala, kejang, dan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tata laksana pasien dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif masih diteliti. Beberapa pilihan terapi di antaranya human recombinant erythropoietin, flavonoid, dan terapi imun (IVIg) yang masih kontroversial.</p><p> </p><p>COVID-19 patients have varied symptoms. At present, in addition to symptoms in the respiratory and digestive systems, symptoms in other organ systems have begun to be found, one of which is in the nervous system with various neurological symptoms such as anosmia (frequent), stroke, headaches, seizures, and decreased cognitive function. Management of patients with decreased cognitive function is still being studied. Several therapeutic options include human recombinant erythropoietin, flavonoids, and immune therapy (IVIg), which are still controversial.</p>
Social Support and Affective Commitment: Mediation Mechanisms of Relational Attachment
Authors: Dewi Atmi Dilla  , Haznil Zainal  
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine whether social support has an effect on affective commitment and whether relational attachmen is able to mediate the relationship between social support and affective commitment to employees. Sources of data in this paper are primary data. With 99 employees as the writing sample. Analysis of the data used in this paper is PLS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is operated through the WarpPLS program. The results showed that social support had a positive and significant effect on relational engagement, relational attachment had a positive and significant effect on affective commitment, and relational attachment was able to mediate social relationships support affective commitmen.
COURSE OF THE RADIAL NERVE IN THE VULNERABLE AREA ALONG THE SHAFT OF THE HUMERUS: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Kosiyatrakul Arkaphat , Phongthipakorn Phongsak , Chanpoo Malee , Luenam Suriya 
Published: February 2022

Background: The radial nerve is the most commonly injured nerve associated with humeral fracture. Moreover, the nerve could be iatrogenically injured during fixation of the humerus.
Objective: The study aimed to identify the course of the radial nerve on the posterior and lateral aspects of the humerus.
Methods: Thirty-three adult embalmed cadaveric specimens were included in the study. The humeral length was determined as the distance between the posterior lateral aspect of the acromion and the lateral epicondyle. The distance between the lateral epicondyle to the posterior and lateral course of the nerve were measured.
Results: The average humeral length was 27.7 (±1.8) cm. The mean distance between the lateral epicondyle and posteromedial point, midposterior point, posterolateral point, midlateral point and anterolateral point were 17.4 (±1.2), 15.2 (±1.0), 12.7 (±0.8), 9.5 (±1.0) and 6.4 (±0.8) cm, respectively.
Conclusion: The high variation of the course of the radial nerve along the humerus was confirmed. The results in the present study can be used as a guide to determine the posterior and lateral course of the radial nerve during surgical exploration and prevent the nerve from iatrogenic injury during orthopedic operation.
RECOVERY OF HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL FOLLOWING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY WITH PERIARTICULAR EPINEPHRINE INJECTION
Authors: Heebthamai Danai , Aegakkatajit Noppadol , Chotanaphuti Thanainit , Khuangsirikul Saradej 
Published: February 2022

Background: Anemia is one of the common complications occurring after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A periarticular epinephrine injection could reduce intraoperative blood loss after TKA. However, the duration of hemoglobin recovery to preoperative level remains uncertain. The hypothesis was based on the concept that epinephrine affects vasoconstriction and reduces blood loss. This study was conducted to compare the duration of hemoglobin recovery to preoperative level between periarticular epinephrine injection and periarticular nonepinephrine injection groups and postoperative blood transfusion.
Methods: A total of 141 participants were randomized to receive a periarticular epinephrine and bupivacaine injection (epinephrine group) or periarticular bupivacaine injection (non-epinephrine group) among patients undergoing TKA. The solution consisted of 10 g of epinephrine 1 ml and 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. In another group, the solution consisted of 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine alone. All TKAs were managed under spinal anesthesia using a femoral nerve block. Preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels were assessed 1-day, 3-day and monthly until 6 months. Blood loss and the duration of Hb recovery to preoperative level were compared between the two groups.
Results: The percentage of Hb loss was slightly higher in the epinephrine group than that in the nonepinephrine group but without significance (13.4 ± 6.6% vs. 13.01 ± 5.01%; p=0.703). The duration of Hb recovery to preoperative level was about the same in the epinephrine and nonepinephrine groups (2.52 ± 1.080 months vs. 2.56 ± 1.089 months; p=0.855). The calculated total blood loss in the epinephrine group was lower than that in the nonepinephrine group (570 ± 302 mL vs. 573 ± 228 mL; p=0.955). In this study, surgery was performed without blood transfusions.
Conclusion: The duration of Hb recovery to preoperative level was 2.5 months which was about the same in both groups. Epinephrine injection did not decrease total blood volume loss after TKA under spinal anesthesia.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY BALANCE EXERCISES ON TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Oo Phyu Sin , Win Than , Mai Brang , Tint Tun Myo , Htwe Cho Cho 
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) without a rehabilitation program could develop functional limitation within one year after surgery. Exercise for balance control is critical for mobility, physical function, and prevention of falls. Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of balance training among THA patients.Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of early balance exercises on THA.Methods: This study was a randomized control study for 30 patients undergoing unilateral THA. The postoperative rehabilitation program was started at the second postoperative day for every patient. All the postoperative patients were randomly assigned and equally allocated to balance and conventional groups. Patients in the balance group received typical exercises and balance exercises while those in the conventional group received typical exercises alone. Assessments were taken at postoperative day 2 (baseline) and week 5 using Breg Balance Scale for balance and Times Up and Go Test for ambulatory function. The differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results: Statistically significant improvements were noted at the end of treatment by all outcome measures in both groups (p<0.05). However, the balance group showed better improvement in all outcome measures than the conventional group after the intervention period (p<0.05)Conclusion: Early balance exercises added to typical exercises were more effective than conventional exercises in terms of improving balance and ambulatory function among patients with THA.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES, CENTRAL THAILAND: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Yaimai Wassamon , Oopakarn Kanokwan , Phumvichitr Chatsiri , Anukulkijkuส Charita , Pornnoparat Napat , Yindeepolcharoen Natnicha , Outhong Tananchol , Charoenjai Napak , Rachapongthai Narisara , Teerapunvikul Rattanun , Ruanma Sarun , Soontrapornchai Supakorn , Srimahachota Sutinee , Rattanasumavong Wanida , Rangsin Ram , Sakboonyarat Boonsub 
Published: February 2022

Background: Substance abuse is one serious social challenge that has continued to in crease over a long time. This major problem currently affects society, the economy and national development. One related study conducted in southern Thailand found that the prevalence of substance abuse in youth groups was 7% in 2002 increasing to 9% and 13% in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Nevertheless, information regrading substance abuse among adolescents in Thailand remains limited especially in remote rural communities. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors concerning substance abuse.
Methods: The percent study was conducted in 2 high schools in rural communities, Chachoengsao and Sa Kaeo Provinces, central Thailand. A cross-sectional quantitative study identified the prevalence and associated factors of substance abuse among adolescents, A standardized self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data including demographic characteristics, history of substance abuse and associated factors. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust confounders using logistic regression analysis.
Results: The sample size of the study totaled 652 adolescents. The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse was 24.4% while the one-year prevalence of substance abuse was 16.7%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk factors associated with one year substance abuse among adolescents were being male (AORs; 2.19, 95%CI; 1.16-4.116), friend inducement (AORs; 3.28, 95%CI; 1.64-6.55), smoking (AORs; 3.22, 95%CI; 1.50-6.90) and alcohol consumption (AORs; 4.46, 95%CI; 2.43-8.16).
Conclusion: Our data emphasized that substance abuse was a problem in these rural communities, Public health interventions aimed to prevent substance abuse among adolescents should be designed and provided for these rural communities. Further, schools should provide lessons how to negotiate and avoid coercion when being induced to abuse substances or other unhealthy and dangerous behaviors.