bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐designing an intervention to improve the process of deprescribing for older people living with frailty in the United Kingdom
Authors: Silcock Jonathan , Marques Iuri , Olaniyan Janice , Raynor David K. , Baxter Helen , Gray Nicky , Zaidi Syed T. R. , Peat George , Fylan Beth , Breen Liz , Benn Jonathan , Alldred David P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn older people living with frailty, polypharmacy can lead to preventable harm like adverse drug reactions and hospitalization. Deprescribing is a strategy to reduce problematic polypharmacy. All stakeholders should be actively involved in developing a person‐centred deprescribing process that involves shared decision‐making.ObjectiveTo co‐design an intervention, supported by a logic model, to increase the engagement of older people living with frailty in the process of deprescribing.DesignExperience‐based co‐design is an approach to service improvement, which uses service users and providers to identify problems and design solutions. This was used to create a person‐centred intervention with the potential to improve the quality and outcomes of the deprescribing process. A ‘trigger film’ showing older people talking about their healthcare experiences was created and facilitated discussions about current problems in the deprescribing process. Problems were then prioritized and appropriate solutions were developed. The review located the solutions in the context of current processes and procedures. An ideal care pathway and a complex intervention to deliver better care were developed.Setting and ParticipantsOlder people living with frailty, their informal carers and professionals living and/or working in West Yorkshire, England, UK. Deprescribing was considered in the context of primary care.ResultsThe current deprescribing process differed from an ideal pathway. A complex intervention containing seven elements was required to move towards the ideal pathway. Three of these elements were prototyped and four still need development. The complex intervention responded to priorities about (a) clarity for older people about what was happening at all stages in the deprescribing process and (b) the quality of one‐to‐one consultations.ConclusionsPriorities for improving the current deprescribing process were successfully identified. Solutions were developed and structured as a complex intervention. Further work is underway to (a) complete the prototyping of the intervention and (b) conduct feasibility testing.Patient or Public ContributionOlder people living with frailty (and their informal carers) have made a central contribution, as collaborators, to ensure that a complex intervention has the greatest possible potential to enhance the experience of deprescribing medicines.
Native and modified biodegradable starch‐based packaging for shelf‐life extension and safety of fruits/vegetables
Authors: Bangar Sneh Punia , Scott Whiteside William , Suri Shweta , Barua Sreejani , Phimolsiripol Yuthana 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFruits/vegetables are perishable, and physical damage, moisture loss, metabolic changes and post‐harvest microbial deterioration are the main reasons for the quality loss and short shelf‐life. To address this issue, starch‐based packaging films always have been the subject of ongoing interest. The current review examines the advances in starch‐based materials, covering basic and applied research. The shelf‐life of foods can be increased by using starch‐based films with antimicrobial, antioxidant, ultraviolet resistance, oxygen and moisture barrier and pH‐reactive qualities as packaging materials. Various composites have been designed to address the shortcomings of pure starch‐based materials, including moisture sensitivity and inferior tensile qualities inherent in natural polymers. Practically, the development of entirely biodegradable starch‐based polymers is sensitive to the integration of any additives. The main challenge in commercialising starch‐based biodegradable packaging film is the structural changes in starch complex molecules that have a considerable impact on the functional qualities of films. This review also highlights using native, modified, nano‐composite and antimicrobial starch‐based films to enhance the shelf‐life and qualities of fresh produce.
The Internet, economic uncertainty, and the shadow economy: “The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown”?
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Nguyen Binh Quang , Tran Duyen Thuy Le 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the influences of economic uncertainty and Internet usage on the informal economy. Notably, the study focuses on the effects of the association of economic uncertainty and Internet usage on the informal economy. The empirical analysis is carried out for a global sample of 124 economies from 1996 to 2017. Applying different estimates and different robustness checks, the results are consistent and robust. Internet usage leads to a decline in the shadow economy, while economic uncertainty has the effect of increasing the shadow economy. Interestingly, the positive influence of economic uncertainty on the shadow economy is likely exacerbated by Internet development. Lastly, analyses for several subsamples by time periods, income levels, and regions reveal additional findings. The negative impact of Internet usage on the shadow economy is consistent across income groups, regions, and time periods, except for a surprising positive impact in North America. The positive impact of economic uncertainty is also consistent in most income groups but more dominant in a period of low economic uncertainty. Interestingly, economic uncertainty is found to have a negative impact on the informal sector in low‐income economies and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Overall, the results have an important implication: Increases in economic uncertainty motivate economic agents to move to informal sectors, and this is supported by information technologies.
Health and safety concerns of female asylum seekers living in an informal migrant camp in Matamoros, Mexico
Authors: Laughon Kathryn , Montalvo‐Liendo Nora , Eaton Sarah , Bassett Lucy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhilst increased numbers of people worldwide exercise their human right to seek asylum, the US has greatly reduced the number of asylum seekers able to enter its southern border, resulting in informal encampments. Women and children are uniquely vulnerable to violence and other health risks.AimTo describe the health and safety concerns of female asylum seekers living in an informal migrant camp, with a particular focus on the risks of violence against women and children.MethodsFor this qualitative descriptive study, female asylum seekers were purposively recruited in an informal tent encampment in Matamoros, Mexico (n = 43). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in January and February 2020. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe themes identified were constant vigilance, the effects of constant vigilance, lack of resources, and uncertainty. Women's unrelenting fears about their own safety and that of their children impacted their ability to access the camp's meagre resources and exacerbated negative effects on women and children.ConclusionApplying established guidelines and best practices for health and safety in humanitarian settings could mitigate threats to women and children. Additionally, camp conditions represent human rights violations. Nurses have an ethical duty to advocate for an end to the US policies creating and maintaining this humanitarian crisis.ImpactAs a result of changes to the United States immigration policy, individuals seeking asylum at the Southern border of the US have been largely prevented from entering the US since early 2018. Asylum seekers living in an informal encampment on the border awaiting entry describe a public health, humanitarian and human rights crisis. Women in this already vulnerable group lacked necessities, such as housing, food security, potable water, protection against gender violence and other forms of physical threats to themselves and their children. This created a heightened sense of vigilance and fear, with implications for their mental health and well‐being and that of their children. These findings highlight the need for governmental and international organizations to implement the best health and safety practices for humanitarian settings to ensure equity in relation to the social determinants of health. Nurses have an ethical obligation to be strong human rights advocates.Patient or Public ContributionsOne member of the research team has extensive experience as an advocate for recently immigrated women experiencing intimate partner violence. The study procedures were reviewed with advocates providing direct services to migrant women and children.
The effect of unionization on firms’ earnings management and employee compensation: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Lin Guoyu , Brown Anna Bergman , Wu Wentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of unionization on US firms’ accruals‐based earnings management and future employee compensation expenses by employing a research design that overcomes the inherent endogeneity issue of the relationship between unionization and earnings management. First, by comparing firms that just pass unionization by a small number of votes to those that just barely lose elections, the regression discontinuity design estimations document significant downward accruals earnings management for firms that barely pass unionization, compared to those that barely fail to pass unionization. Second, the association between unionization and earnings management is only significant in US states without right‐to‐work legislation, where unions are more powerful. These findings are consistent with recently unionized firms’ incentives to report lower earnings in order to mitigate unions’ demands for greater employee compensation. Further, for firms that barely pass unionization, we find that: (1) unions cannot fully “undo” the effects of earnings management, that is, downward managed earnings depress future compensation expenses, and (2) firms cannot fully “undo” the effects of unionization, that is, compensation expenses increase after unionization despite the downward earnings management.
Environmental reputation and bank liquidity: Evidence from climate transition
Authors: Choi Daewoung , Gam Yong Kyu , Shin Hojong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study empirically investigates how a bank's nonfinancial signals of environmental reputation affect its deposits and credit provision in US counties with severe climate transition risks. We find that banks with higher reputational risks associated with environmental issues tend to experience declining deposits in counties exposed to severe climate change risks. Banks with a poor environmental reputation also reduce mortgage origination in such counties and diminish liquidity creation if they have high deposit shares in counties sensitive to climate transition. This study suggests that a bank's reputation regarding environmental, social and governance practices is an important underlying cause of bank liquidity in areas sensitive to climate change.
CDS contract initiations: REIT board monitoring and corporate decision outcomes
Authors: Baulkaran Vishaal , Jain Pawan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate whether the negative creditor governance shock due to the initiation of credit default swap (CDS) contracts results in monitoring substitution effects between bondholders and shareholders. Using several mechanisms to test increased shareholder monitoring such as board structure, CEO–chair duality, and institutional ownership, we show that shareholder monitoring increases post‐CDS contract initiation. We examine board decision outcomes and show that incentive compensation is higher for real estate investment trusts (REITs) post‐CDS initiation. Furthermore, we find that post‐CDS initiation, REITs undertake more acquisitions that are more likely to be paid for with stocks and take longer to complete than non‐REITs. Finally, we find that REITs industry‐adjusted cash holdings and dividend yield increases post‐CDS initiation.
Repeated metamorphism in the pelitic granulites of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for the formation of the present‐day trench‐arc‐basin system in NE Asia
Authors: Zhang Jinrui , Xu Wenliang , Dong Yu , Ji Zheng , Wei Chunjing , Tang Shuang , Li Yibing , Niida Kiyoaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe timing and mechanism of the tectonic transition from an active continental margin to a trench‐arc‐basin system in NE Asia are debated. In this study, we report the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path of this transition based on petrographic observations, phase‐equilibrium modelling, and U–Pb ages of zircon and rutile from pelitic granulites in the Hidaka metamorphic belt (Hokkaido, Japan). The granulites contain an early phase mineral assemblage of staurolite + sillimanite + biotite + plagioclase + quartz + rutile/ilmenite, a peak phase granulite assemblage of garnet + biotite + cordierite + plagioclase + quartz + rutile/ilmenite and a symplectic intergrowth of spinel + cordierite ± sillimanite within garnet porphyroblasts. Phase‐equilibrium modelling indicates two phases of metamorphism with P–T conditions, respectively, of ~6 kbar/620–670°C and ~6 kbar/850°C. A clockwise P–T path was thus reconstructed for the granulites, showing a near‐isobaric temperature increase to the peak conditions and a post‐peak cooling. U–Pb dating of zircon and rutile in the granulites yielded two groupings of metamorphic ages at c. 37 Ma and 19 Ma, related to early phase amphibolite facies and late phase granulite facies metamorphism, respectively. The age of magmatism from the previous work at the NE Asian continental margin overlaps with these metamorphic ages, and the two phases of metamorphism in the pelitic granulites is attributed to discrete episodes of supra‐subduction‐zone magmatism (late Eocene, c. 37 Ma) and back‐arc extension (early Miocene, 24–19 Ma). Consequently, we suggest that the Hidaka metamorphic belt has undergone two phases of metamorphism, which represent two pulsed and separated thermal events. Moreover, we relate the granulites facies metamorphism to the underplating of mafic magma and lithospheric thinning during the opening of the Japan Sea at 24–19 Ma, which is attributed to slab rollback and trench retreat processes in NE Asia.
Three‐dimensional High‐definition Exoscope in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yao Ya‐Wei , Yao Zhi‐Peng , Jiang Ming , Zhu Wen‐Xiong , Zhu Fang‐qiang , Xiong Cheng‐Jie , Xu Feng 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe operative microscope (OM) has revolutionized the field of modern spine surgery, however, it remains limited by several drawbacks. Recently, the exoscope (EX) system has been designed to assistant spine surgery. It provides a three‐dimensional (3D) high‐definition (HD) operative experience and becomes an alternative to the OM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, advantages and limitations of EX‐assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (EMIS‐TLIF) and OM‐assisted MIS‐TLIF (OMIS‐TLIF).MethodsThe clinical outcomes were assessed in 47 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD) who underwent MIS‐TLIF assisted with the OM or EX between January 2019 and September 2020. A total of 22 were treated with EMIS‐TLIF, and 25 received OMIS‐TLIF. Perioperative parameters (including sex, age, number of fusion levels and body mass index), perioperative parameters (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospitalization stay, and duration of follow‐up), visual analogue scale (VAS) of back pain, VAS of leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and clinical outcomes were assessed and compared. Image quality, handling of equipment, ergonomics, 3D glasses and educational usefulness were scored according to a questionnaire.ResultsOperation time in the OMIS‐TLIF group (121.92 ± 16.92 min) was significantly increased compared with that in the EMIS‐TLIF group (111.00 ± 19.87 min) (P < 0.05). The VAS of the back pain and ODI scores in the EMIS‐TLIF group were significantly lower compared with the OMIS‐TLIF group at 1 week postoperatively (P < 0.05). The good‐excellent outcomes rate was 90.91% in the EMIS‐TLIF group and 88.00% in the OMIS‐TLIF group, and there was no significant difference. A total of 44 visits completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire showed that the EX has exhibited advantages regarding handing of equipment, ergonomics and educational usefulness, and comparable image quality as compared with the OM, however, operating surgeons complained uncomfortable sensation when wearing 3D glasses.ConclusionsThe EMIS‐TLIF was a safe and effective procedure in the management of LDD as compared with the OMIS‐LIF. Meanwhile, EMIS‐TLIF might resulted in a short operation time.
Impact of the timing of first appropriate shock on outcomes in patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: Early versus late
Authors: Kishihara Makoto , Hattori Hidetoshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Kanai Miwa , Kataoka Shohei , Yazaki Kyoichiro , Kikuchi Noriko , Yagishita Daigo , Minami Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Junichi , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks are associated with an increased risk of mortality and heart failure (HF) events. The first appropriate shock may occur late after implantation. However, whether the timing of the first appropriate shock influences prognosis is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the timing of the first appropriate shock in patients with ICD.MethodsThis retrospective and observational study enrolled 565 consecutive ICD patients. Patients who received an appropriate shock were divided into the early group (first appropriate shock <1 year after ICD implantation) and late group (first appropriate shock ≥1 year after ICD implantation). All‐cause mortality was compared between the two groups.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, 112 (19.8%) patients received an appropriate shock, including 32 patients (28.6%) in the early group and 80 patients (71.4%) in the late group. Comparisons of baseline characteristics at ICD implantation revealed that the late group was more likely to receive cardiac resynchronization therapy (66.3% vs. 31.3%, p < 0.001), ICD for primary prevention (60.0% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.001), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin‐receptor blocker treatment (88.8% vs. 71.9%, p = 0.028). Survival after shock was significantly worse in the late group than in the early group (p = 0.027). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, the late group had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the early group (HR: 2.22; 95% CI 1.01–4.53; p = 0.029). In both groups, the most common cause of death was HF.ConclusionsLate occurrence of the first appropriate ICD shock was associated with a worse prognosis compared with early occurrence of the first appropriate shock. Cardiac death was the most common cause of death in patients who experienced late occurrence of the first appropriate ICD shock, resulting from HF in most cases.
Algal settling ponds contribute to final effluent quality of integrated algal pond systems for municipal sewage treatment
Authors: Dube Anele , Cowan A. Keith 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAppropriate wastewater technologies and sound management are crucial to global water quality and conservation. The integrated algal pond system (IAPS), considered an efficient, passive and low‐cost wastewater treatment technology for peri‐urban spaces, is perceived to yield a final effluent unsuitable for discharge. Experiments were carried out to challenge the prevailing perception that algal‐based wastewater treatment processes and in particular IAPS produce an effluent that does not always meet national and/or regional regulatory standards. Formation of a microalgal–bacterial floc (MaB‐flocs) and settleability together with biomass removal from algal settling ponds (ASPs) is shown to reduce total suspended solids (TSS) from >50 to <20 mg L−1. Thus, production of a readily settleable MaB‐floc coupled with removal of settled biomass from ASP ensures that final effluent TSS remains below the general limit of 25 mg L−1 and yields an effluent suitable for either irrigation or discharge.
Developing and testing a cost‐effectiveness analysis to prioritize green infrastructure alternatives for climate change adaptation
Authors: Reu Junqueira Juliana , Serrao‐Neumann Silvia , White Iain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGreen infrastructure has been increasingly identified as an option to help manage climate change impacts in urban areas, although its implementation is still not widely promoted in urban planning. This is because of the lack of detailed analysis for decision‐makers regarding construction and maintenance costs for different types and how effective various measures are at managing precipitation at a catchment scale. This paper contributes to fill this gap in knowledge by developing a green infrastructure cost‐effectiveness ranking index (GICRI) able to evaluate the stormwater runoff volume reduction of multiple green infrastructure alternatives under different climate change scenarios, over differing spatial configurations and combining this performance data with their construction and maintenance costs. After applying this model over two case study areas, this paper provides three main insights. First, climate change projections have a significant impact on green infrastructure cost‐effectiveness. Second, as green infrastructure cost‐effectiveness is influenced by the spatial scale, there are different challenges for larger cities and smaller regional towns. Building on this, the paper argues that GICRI can be a simple and fast heuristic to increase the use of green infrastructure by informing decision‐makers regarding how and where to prioritize investment or where greater modelling is needed.
Towards agricultural groundwater sustainability behaviour: Effects of place attachment
Authors: Salehi Saeid , Bijani Masoud 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to analyse the causal effects of place attachment (PA) on farmers' groundwater (GW) sustainability behaviour using the developed model of cultural environmental bias (CEB). The analysis unit in this descriptive and causal study was the hydrological areas of GW resources studies and Agricultural GW Users (AGWU) of agricultural wells. Causal analysis showed that place identity structure (PI) is a strong determinant of GW sustainability behaviour and has the most direct and indirect causal effect on farmers' behaviour. The fitted model of the study is a combined model that explains 47% of the variance changes in GW sustainability behaviour. This study showed that in cultural and social contexts, beliefs and norms of farmers are vital in the decisions of the agriculture sector. Farmers' place attachment affects environmental cultural beliefs and activities and their public participation for the purpose of environmental‐groundwater sustainability.