Efektivitas Penggunaan Metode Discovery Learning, Inquiry, dan Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Maeshalina Dini 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine the differences in the effectiveness of using discovery learning method, inquiry, and problem-based learning in improving students’ critical thinking skills in economic subject. The ability to think critically is vitally important to be improved by the students. This study employed Quasi Experimental method with Counter Balanced Design. The subjects of this study were students of grade XI majoring Social Science, Senior High School Budi Luhur Tangerang, consisting of three classes with 72 students. Data obtained through the test and analyzed by using Independent sample t-test. The results of the study revealed that there are differences in the effectiveness of using learning methods of discovery learning, inquiry and problem-based learning in enhancing students’ critical thinking abilities. The use of problem based learning method in three experiments at three different classes is consistently more effective than inquiry and discovery learning. The use of inquiry method is consistently more effective than discovery learning method. Therefore, this research concluded that the most effective method in improving students' critical thinking skills was the problem based learning method, followed by the inquiry learning method and discovery learning method. Based on the results of this study, it was suggested to teachers who teach economics lessons to prefer to use Problem-based learning in improving students' critical thinking compared to other methods. Key words: critical thinking skills; quasi experimental; counterbalanced design; discovery learning inquiry; problem based learning AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas penggunaan metode discovery learning, inquiry, dan problem based learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran ekonomi. Berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan yang sangat penting yang harus terus diupayakan cara untuk meningkatkannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experimental dengan desain penelitian Counterbalanced Design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI-IPS SMA Budi Luhur Tangerang, yang terdiri dari tiga kelas dengan 72 siswa. Data diperoleh dengan tes yang kemudian dianalisis dengan uji beda independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas penggunaan metode pembelajaran discovery learning, inquiry, dan problem based learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penggunaan metode problem based learning dalam tiga kali percobaan pada tiga kelas yang berbeda secara konsisten lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode metode inquiry dan metode problem based learning. Kemudian penggunaan metode inquiry secara konsisten lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan metode discovery learning. Sehingga pelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa adalah metode problem based learning, diikuti oleh metode inquiry dan selanjutnya metode discovery learning. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka disarankan kepada guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran ekonomi untuk lebih memilih menggunakan metode problem based learning dalam meningkatkan berpikir kritis siswa di banding metode lainnya. Kata kunci. berpikir kritis; quasi experimental; counterbalanced design; discovery learning; inquiry; problem based learning