bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms across amphibian communities along a subtropical elevational gradient
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Zhong Maojun , Yang Shengnan , Jiang Jianping , Hu Junhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimMountain systems offer excellent opportunities to understand β‐diversity patterns and the processes driving them. However, β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms that lead to dissimilarity in mountain amphibian communities across elevational gradients remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate how amphibian communities respond to environmental gradients with elevation and to explore how different ecological mechanisms drive elevational β‐diversity.LocationA 2600‐m elevational gradient along Mount Emei in southwestern China.MethodsWe investigated elevational patterns and assembly processes of pairwise β‐diversity across three dimensions (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) in turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness‐resultant (i.e., species lose/gain) for amphibians. We compared multifaceted β‐diversity components and assessed the extent to which β‐diversity responded to environmental and elevational distances. We also quantified the standardized effect size of β‐diversity and its components using null models to examine the dynamics of niche‐based and neutral processes.ResultsThe turnover component dominated taxonomic β‐diversity, whereas nestedness was relatively more important for phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity. Moreover, taxonomic total dissimilarity and turnover were higher than their phylogenetic and functional analogues. Our results indicated a significant distance‐decay effect for multifaceted β‐diversity of amphibians on Mount Emei and found that effects and directions of predictors on multifaceted β‐diversity were different, with temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and elevational distance acting as the most important factors. Comparing observed patterns with null‐model expectations, environmental filtering, and competitive exclusion may jointly drive elevational patterns of β‐diversity.Main conclusionsOur study emphasizes the importance of partitioning taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional components of β‐diversity and community assembly when determining β‐diversity drivers. Although it is difficult to distinguish random communities from outcomes of niche‐based processes, this work highlights the potential roles of environmental filtering and competitive exclusion in controlling elevational communities and provides insights into amphibian community assembly in a biodiversity hotspot.
A performance efficient joint clustering and routing approach for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Joshi Pallavi , Kumar Sarvesh , Raghuvanshi Ajay Singh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWireless sensor networks have proven to be a promising paradigm due to their wide applicability in the real‐world scenarios. Because of the resource constraint, type‐variant and battery‐powered features of the sensor nodes, the key challenge is how to improve the energy usage and network life in the heterogeneous sensor networks. In this paper, the Mahalanobis distance based K‐Means algorithm is integrated with a novel evolutionary approach for clustering called calf search optimization algorithm (K‐CSOA) that creates energy efficient clusters. The routing in the network is performed using a power efficient ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). The extensive and multiple simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is observed that the running time of the proposed scheme is lowered due to the implementation of hybrid clustering. The results are validated for various performance metrics wherein the proposed method shows 41.6% and 4.3%–12% reduction in energy expenditure and end‐to‐end delay respectively and around 60% enhancement in the throughput of the network when compared with other similar state‐of‐the‐art methods. In addition to this, statistical analysis is also carried out to identify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties of conductive SiC ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Li Huaxin , Shen Weijian , Yang Fuquan , Lu Chuanyang , Zheng Wenjian , Ma Yinghe , Ren Sendong , He Yanming , Yang Jianguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N)‐doped conductive silicon carbide (SiC) of various electrical resistivity grades can satisfy diverse requirements in engineering applications. To understand the mechanisms that determine the electrical resistivity of N‐doped conductive SiC ceramics during the fast spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, SiC ceramics were synthesized using SPS in an N2 atmosphere with SiC powder and traditional Al2O3–Y2O3 additive as raw materials at a sintering temperature of 1850–2000°C for 1–10 min. The electrical resistivity was successfully varied over a wide range of 10−3–101 Ω cm by modifying the sintering conditions. The SPS‐SiC ceramics consisted of mainly Y–Al–Si–O–C–N glass phase and N‐doped SiC. The Y–Al–Si–O–C–N glass phase decomposed to an Si‐rich phase and N‐doped YxSiyCz at 2000°C. The Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the SPS‐SiC ceramics varied within the ranges of 14.35–25.12 GPa, 310.97–400.12 GPa, and 2.46–5.39 MPa m1/2, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the obtained SPS‐SiC ceramics was primarily determined by their carrier mobility.
From altruism to sociality: A switch in perception
Authors: Dean Hartley 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article critically reviews concepts and uses of the term altruism in relation to the emergence of the capitalist welfare state. It argues that altruism may be regarded as a fetishized representation of ‘sociality’ and that notions of altruism tend to obscure or distort understandings of the essential social interdependence that characterises humanity as a species. The article reaches back to anthropological evidence, to religious and philosophical influences, and to insights from scientific inquiry and it makes a case for a humanistic switch in perspective within the study of social policy.
The return of race science and why it matters for family science
Authors: Chatters Linda M. , Taylor Robert Joseph , Schulz Amy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRace science attributes differences in human populations to biology and genetics that reflect a hierarchy of human races with whiteness at its pinnacle. This article examining the history of race science and current family scholarship and practice contends that race science matters for family science. We discuss (1) white supremacy, the development of race science, and the eugenics movement in the U.S.; (2) racism, racialized experiences, and oppression of Black families in the U.S.; (3) the construction of whiteness in family science and re‐envisioning theories to make racism's impact visible; (4) racial reckonings for professional organizations; and (5) why race science matters for family science and a call to action. Clarity about the meaning of race can ensure that family science addresses white supremacy and racism embedded in scholarship, training, and practice, and promotes work that supports the well‐being of families that are most vulnerable and marginalized.
Trajectories in physical performance and fall prediction in older adults: A longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Kerber Kevin A. , Bi Ran , Skolarus Lesli E. , Burke James F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA physical performance evaluation can inform fall risk in older people, however, the predictiveness of a one‐time assessment is limited. The trajectory of physical performance over time has not been well characterized and might improve fall prediction. We aimed to characterize trajectories in physical performance and determine if fall prediction improves using trajectories of performance.MethodsThis was a cohort design using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Physical performance was measured by the short physical performance battery (SPPB) with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 12 (best). The trajectory of SPPB was categorized using latent class modeling and slope‐based multilevel linear regression. We used Cox proportional hazards models with an outcome of time to ≥2 falls from annual self‐report to assess predictiveness after adding SPPB trajectories to models of baseline SPPB and established non‐physical‐performance‐based variables.ResultsThe sample was 5969 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. The median number of annual SPPB evaluations was 4 (IQR, 3–7). Mean baseline SPPB was 9.2 (SD, 3.0). The latent class model defined SPPB trajectories over a range of two to nineteen categories. The mean slope from the slope‐based model was −0.01 SPPB points/year (SD, 0.14). Discrimination of the baseline SPPB model to predict time to ≥2 falls was fair (Harrell's C, 0.65) and increased after adding the non‐performance‐based predictors (Harrell's C, 0.70). Discrimination slightly improved with the SPPB trajectory category variable that had the best fit (Harrell's C, 0.71) but did not improve with the SPPB linear slope. Calibration with and without the trajectory categories was similar.ConclusionsWe found that the trajectory of physical performance did not meaningfully improve upon fall prediction from a baseline physical performance assessment and established non‐performance‐based information. These results do not support longitudinal SPPB assessments for fall prediction.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces Alzheimer disease‐like phenotypes in the neuron derived from the induced pluripotent stem cell with D678H mutation on amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Devina Tania , Wong Yu‐Hui , Hsiao Chiao‐Wan , Li Yu‐Jui , Lien Cheng‐Chang , Cheng Irene Han‐Juo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is mainly caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The impact of environmental factors on the genetic mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is not well characterized. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress would promote disease for the patient carrying the APP D678H mutation. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of a familial AD mutation on amyloid precursor protein (APP D678H) under ER stress. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from APP D678H mutant carrier was differentiated into neurons, which were then analyzed for AD‐like changes. Immunocytochemistry and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording revealed that the derived neurons on day 28 after differentiation showed neuronal markers and electrophysiological properties similar to those of mature neurons. However, the APP D678H mutant neurons did not have significant alterations in the levels of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) compared to its isogenic wild‐type neurons. Only under ER stress, the neurons with the APP D678H mutation had more Aβ and pTau via immune detection assays. The higher level of Aβ in the APP D678H mutant neurons was probably due to the increased level of β‐site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and decreased level of Aβ‐degrading enzymes under ER stress. Increased Aβ and pTau under ER stress reduced the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in Western blot analysis and altered electrophysiological properties in the mutant neurons. Our study provides evidence that the interaction between genetic mutation and ER stress would induce AD‐like changes.imageCover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15420
Land for dignity and struggle for identity: Landlordism and caste in a village of south India
Authors: Philip Jessy K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the contemporary relevance of caste to agrarian capitalism and the relations of dependency and allegiance it fosters in a village of Andhra Pradesh. It deploys the method of village study to examine the two‐way interaction between agrarian class and caste relations and the emerging rural‐based informal nonfarm economy. It elaborates the continuation of relations of debt, dependency, and political allegiance fostered by landlordism despite significant diversification to nonfarm by landlords and labour and identifies the crucial role of land inequality and the working of ritual hierarchy in locking Dalit caste in land‐based relations of dependency. The paper highlights the importance of expanding the definition of landlordism as the use of social power for accumulation by embedding it in the motives and values generated by the Hindu social order. While the new wave of literature focuses attention on global capital and commodity chains to understand differentiation of rural population and ruralities, the paper emphasizes the persistent significance of landholding provincial capital in shaping class/caste relations and rural politics and argues for a course correction in thinking about the processes of globalization and new forms of labour control and stresses the continuing significance of the agrarian question.
Reducing ageism toward older adults and highlighting older adults as contributors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lytle Ashley , Levy Sheri R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated ageism (stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination) toward older adults in the United States, highlighting the belief that older adults are a burden. Prior to the pandemic, a growing body of research sought to reduce ageism using the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model. Extending that research, participants were randomly assigned to watch three videos (less than 10 min total) that challenged stereotypes about aging and older adults, depicted positive intergenerational contact, and highlighted older adults as contributors to society (experimental condition) or three videos on wallpaper (control condition). Experimental participants (undergraduate students in Study 1 and a national community sample of young adults in Study 2) reported increased endorsement of older adults as contributors to society and positive stereotypes of older adults. In addition, in Study 2, negative stereotypes of older adults and views of intergenerational conflict were also reduced among experimental (vs. control) participants. These promising findings show that relatively brief ageism reduction interventions are effective during the pandemic and for the first time, that the perception of older adults as contributors to society can be increased. Future directions and implications for social policies are discussed.
Chronic developmental hypoxia alters mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reactive oxygen species production in the fetal rat heart in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Smith Kerri L. M. , Swiderska Agnieszka , Lock Mitchell C. , Graham Lucia , Iswari Wulan , Choudhary Tashi , Thomas Donna , Kowash Hager M. , Desforges Michelle , Cottrell Elizabeth C. , Trafford Andrew W. , Giussani Dino A. , Galli Gina L. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInsufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown hypoxia causes oxidative stress in the fetal heart and alters the activity and expression of mitochondrial proteins in a sex‐dependent manner. However, the functional effects of these modifications on mitochondrial respiration remain unknown. Furthermore, while maternal antioxidant treatments are emerging as a promising new strategy to protect the hypoxic fetus, whether these treatments convey similar protection to cardiac mitochondria in the male or female fetus has not been investigated. Therefore, using an established rat model, we measured the sex‐dependent effects of gestational hypoxia and maternal melatonin treatment on fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid peroxidation. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia (13% oxygen) during gestational days (GDs) 6–20 (term ~22 days) with or without melatonin treatment (5 µg/ml in maternal drinking water). On GD 20, mitochondrial aerobic respiration and H2O2 production were measured in fetal heart tissue, together with lipid peroxidation and citrate synthase (CS) activity. Gestational hypoxia reduced maternal body weight gain (p < .01) and increased placental weight (p < .05) but had no effect on fetal weight or litter size. Cardiac mitochondria from male but not female fetuses of hypoxic pregnancy had reduced respiratory capacity at Complex II (CII) (p < .05), and an increase in H2O2 production/O2 consumption (p < .05) without any changes in lipid peroxidation. CS activity was also unchanged in both sexes. Despite maternal melatonin treatment increasing maternal and fetal plasma melatonin concentration (p < .001), melatonin treatment had no effect on any of the mitochondrial parameters investigated. To conclude, we show that gestational hypoxia leads to ROS generation from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and affects fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration in a sex‐dependent manner. We also show that maternal melatonin treatment had no effect on these relationships, which has implications for the development of future therapies for hypoxic pregnancies.
MicroRNA sequence and function analysis in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis: An animal study
Authors: Zhang Hongming , Yuan Yun , Xue Hanxiao , Yu Runping , Huang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare miRNA expression levels and predict relevant target genes and signaling pathways in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis.BackgroundThere are many differences between periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. An understanding of the similarities and differences in the transcriptional patterns of these diseases, as well as the molecular mechanisms, is beneficial for the development of management strategies.Materials and methodsRat models of periodontitis (PD, n = 6) and peri‐implantitis (PI, n = 5) were established by ligation. Implantation without ligation (PIC, n = 5) and normal rats (PDC, n = 6) were used as controls. Micro‐CT was used to confirm the successful establishment of the model. Gingiva was harvested for miRNA transcriptome sequencing, and the results were confirmed by qRT–PCR. miRNA target genes were predicted with miRTarBase. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed.ResultsSixty‐nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in PI vs. PD, 105 were differentially expressed in PI vs. PIC, and 70 were differentially expressed in PD vs. PDC (log2FC ≥1 and padj <0.05). The upregulated genes in all three comparisons were mostly involved in the biological process response to stimulus, whereas most of the downregulated genes were involved in nervous system development (p < .01). The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD and PI vs. PIC were involved in Toll‐like receptor signaling and RIG‐I‐like signaling. The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD were involved in T‐ and B‐cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, and osteoclast differentiation. Focal adhesion was downregulated in all three comparisons, and adherens junction was downregulated in PI vs. PD and PD vs. PDC (p < .1).ConclusionThis study showed differences in the miRNA expression profiles between peri‐implantitis and periodontitis and annotated the possible target genes and molecular mechanisms; this study could lay a foundation for the development of management strategies.
Does YouTube™ provide reliable information on oral candidiasis?
Authors: Ceylan Şen Seval , Paksoy Tuğçe , Göller Bulut Duygu , Ustaoğlu Gülbahar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the quality, source, usefulness and/or reliability, visibility, and popularity of YouTube™ videos on oral candidiasis.Materials and MethodsA YouTube™ search for “oral candidiasis” was performed, setting the English language. 133 of the 351 videos watched were included in the study. Two periodontologists scored the videos for visibility, popularity, quality, utility, and reliability. Videos' quality was evaluated using the DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) tools, by categorizing them through quality assessment, source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes of each video were noted.Results82.7% of the videos were moderately or very useful, and the GQS scores were mostly good (41.4%‐Score 4) and excellent (42.1%‐Score 5). Significant relationships were obtained between Source of Upload, Video Type, Total Discern, and GQS variables and Usefulness scores (p < 0.05). The 53.4% of the video sources were Healthcare professionals and their video usefulness scores were mostly “moderately useful” (47.9%) and “very useful” (%42.3). There was a significant positive correlation between the usefulness scores of the videos and the number of likes (p = 0.004), comments (p = 0.019), and the viewing rate (p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe videos that rank high in searches for oral candidiasis on YouTube™ are mostly useful and comprehensive videos uploaded for educational purposes.
Co‐culture of faba bean with wheat provides evidence for intercropping faba bean to alleviate the occurrence of Fusarium wilt under the autotoxic stress of salicylic acid
Authors: Li Yu , Luo Chaosheng , Lv Jiaxing , Chen Ling , Dong Kun , Dong Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe goals of this study were to evaluate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in causing autotoxic stress in the faba bean root system and explore how the co‐culture of faba bean (Vicia faba) with wheat (Triticum aestivum) alleviates this stress. We designed a hydroponic pot experiment to study the effects of exogenous SA on the occurrence of Fusarium wilt, seedling growth, physiological resistance of faba bean and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF). The results showed that SA significantly increased the incidence and disease index of faba bean Fusarium wilt, inhibited the growth of seedlings and reduced the physiological resistance of faba bean. An in vitro study of FOF found that SA increased the ability of the organism to produce fusaric acid, cellulase and pectinase, which increased the susceptibility of faba bean to Fusarium wilt. Interestingly, co‐cultivation with wheat significantly reduced the content of SA in exudates from the faba bean roots, which directly reduced the deleterious effects of SA. In addition, co‐cultivation could increase the activity of peroxidase and catalase, reduce the content of malondialdehyde, thus improving the ability of faba bean to defend itself. In conclusion, we found that SA, as an autotoxic substance, aggravates the occurrence of Fusarium wilt on faba bean and affects the growth of this crop. However, co‐cultivation of faba bean with wheat could alleviate this autotoxicity. This study has discovered a possible mechanism that could explain how co‐cultivation can alleviate the obstacles in cropping systems and control Fusarium wilt.
Monetary transmission with income risk*
Authors: Holm Martin B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn periods of distress, observed and perceived income risk tends to rise. Does this heightened income risk affect monetary transmission? This paper first shows that in partial equilibrium, heightened income risk dampens the substitution effect of interest rate changes but amplifies the indirect income effect of wage changes. The effects are sizable in partial equilibrium. An increase in income risk consistent with heightened risk during recessions affects interest rate and wage responses by around one‐third. However, because income risk dampens the effects of interest rate changes but amplifies the effects of wage changes, its effect is weaker in general equilibrium, dampening monetary transmissions to consumption by around 11 percent.