bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative electroencephalography in cardiac surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest: a narrative review
Authors: McDevitt William M , Gul Tanwir , Jones Timothy J , Scholefield Barnaby R , Seri Stefano , Drury Nigel E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cardiac surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is associated with neurological morbidity of variable severity and electroencephalography (EEG) is a sensitive proxy measure of brain injury. We conducted a narrative review of the literature to evaluate the role of perioperative EEG monitoring in cardiac surgery involving HCA.

METHODS
Medline, Embase, Central and LILACS databases were searched to identify studies utilizing perioperative EEG during surgery with HCA in all age groups, published since 1985 in any language. We aimed to compare EEG use with no use but due to the lack of comparative studies, we performed a narrative review of its utility. Two or more reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and extracted data.

RESULTS
Fourty single-centre studies with a total of 3287 patients undergoing surgery were identified. Most were observational cohort studies (34, 85%) with only 1 directly comparing EEG use with no use. EEG continuity (18, 45%), seizures (15, 38%) and electrocerebral inactivity prior to circulatory arrest (15, 38%) were used to detect, monitor, prevent and prognose neurological injury. Neurological dysfunction was reported in almost all studies and occurred in 0–21% of patients. However, the heterogeneity of reported clinical and EEG outcome measures prevented meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
EEG is used to detect cortical ischaemia and seizures and predict neurological abnormalities and may guide intraoperative cerebral protection. However, there is a lack of comparative data demonstrating the benefit of perioperative EEG monitoring. Use of a standardized methodology for performing EEG and reporting outcome metrics would facilitate the conduct of high-quality clinical trials.
Approximation of fractional harmonic maps
Authors: Antil Harbir , Bartels Sören , Schikorra Armin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the approximation of fractional harmonic maps. Besides a unit-length constraint, one has to tackle the difficulty of nonlocality. We establish weak compactness results for critical points of the fractional Dirichlet energy on unit-length vector fields. We devise and analyze numerical methods for the approximation of various partial differential equations related to fractional harmonic maps. The compactness results imply the convergence of numerical approximations. Numerical examples on spin chain dynamics and point defects are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Understanding the suitability of established antibiotics for oral inhalation from a pharmacokinetic perspective: an integrated model-based investigation based on rifampicin, ciprofloxacin and tigecycline in vivo data
Authors: Himstedt Anneke , Braun Clemens , Wicha Sebastian Georg , Borghardt Jens Markus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Treating pulmonary infections by administering drugs via oral inhalation represents an attractive alternative to usual routes of administration. However, the local concentrations after inhalation are typically not known and the presumed benefits are derived from experiences with drugs specifically optimized for inhaled administration.

Objectives
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was developed to elucidate the pulmonary PK for ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and tigecycline and link it to bacterial PK/PD models. An exemplary sensitivity analysis was performed to potentially guide drug optimization regarding local efficacy for inhaled antibiotics.

Methods
Detailed pulmonary tissue, endothelial lining fluid and systemic in vivo drug concentration–time profiles were simultaneously measured for all drugs in rats after intravenous infusion. Using this data, a PBPK/PD model was developed, translated to humans and adapted for inhalation. Simulations were performed comparing potential benefits of oral inhalation for treating bronchial infections, covering intracellular pathogens and bacteria residing in the bronchial epithelial lining fluid.

Results
The PBPK/PD model was able to describe pulmonary PK in rats. Often applied optimization parameters for orally inhaled drugs (e.g. high systemic clearance and low oral bioavailability) showed little influence on efficacy and instead mainly increased pulmonary selectivity. Instead, low permeability, a high epithelial efflux ratio and a pronounced post-antibiotic effect represented the most impactful parameters to suggest a benefit of inhalation over systemic administration for locally acting antibiotics.

Conclusions
The present work might help to develop antibiotics for oral inhalation providing high pulmonary concentrations and fast onset of exposure coupled with lower systemic drug concentrations.
Activity of cefiderocol, imipenem/relebactam, cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam against ceftolozane/tazobactam- and ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lasarte-Monterrubio Cristina , Fraile-Ribot Pablo Arturo , Vázquez-Ucha Juan Carlos , Cabot Gabriel , Guijarro-Sánchez Paula , Alonso-García Isaac , Rumbo-Feal Soraya , Galán-Sánchez Fátima , Beceiro Alejandro , Arca-Suárez Jorge , Oliver Antonio , Bou Germán 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the activity of cefiderocol, imipenem/relebactam, cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam against a clinical and laboratory collection of ceftolozane/tazobactam- and ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa β-lactamase mutants.

Methods
The activity of cefiderocol, imipenem/relebactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam and comparators was evaluated against a collection of 30 molecularly characterized ceftolozane/tazobactam- and/or ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from patients previously treated with cephalosporins. To evaluate how the different β-lactamases in the clinical isolates affected the resistance to these agents, a copy of each blaPDC, blaOXA-2 and blaOXA-10 ancestral and mutant allele from the clinical isolates was cloned in pUCp24 and expressed in dual blaPDC-oprD (for blaPDC-like genes) or single oprD (for blaOXA-2-like and blaOXA-10-like genes) PAO1 knockout mutants. MICs were determined using reference methodologies.

Results
For all isolates, MICs were higher than 4 and/or 8 mg/L for ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam, respectively. Cefiderocol was the most active agent, showing activity against all isolates, except one clinical isolate that carried an R504C substitution in PBP3 (MIC = 16 mg/L). Imipenem/relebactam was highly active against all isolates, except two clinical isolates that carried the VIM-20 carbapenemase. Cefepime/zidebactam and cefepime/taniborbactam displayed activity against most of the isolates, but resistance was observed in some strains with PBP3 amino acid substitutions or that overexpressed mexAB-oprM or mexXY efflux pumps. Evaluation of transformants revealed that OXA-2 and OXA-10 extended-spectrum variants cause a 2-fold increase in the MIC of cefiderocol relative to parental enzymes.

Conclusions
Cefiderocol, imipenem/relebactam, cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam show promising and complementary in vitro activity against ceftolozane/tazobactam- and ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant P. aeruginosa. These agents may represent potential therapeutic options for ceftolozane/tazobactam- and ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion ligands, linked antimalarial resistance loci and ex vivo responses to antimalarials in The Gambia
Authors: Mbye Haddijatou , Mane Karim , Diop Mouhamadou Fadel , Demba Martha Anita , Bojang Fatoumata , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Jeffries David , Quashie Neils Ben , D’Alessandro Umberto , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Artemether/lumefantrine is the most commonly used artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT) for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Drug resistance to ACT components is a major threat to malaria elimination efforts. Therefore, rigorous monitoring of drug efficacy is required for adequate management of malaria and to sustain the effectiveness of ACTs.

Objectives
This study identified and described genomic loci that correlate with differences in ex vivo responses of natural Plasmodium falciparum isolates from The Gambia to antimalarial drugs.

Methods
Natural P. falciparum isolates from The Gambia were assayed for IC50 responses to four antimalarial drugs (artemether, dihydroartemisinin, amodiaquine and lumefantrine). Genome-wide SNPs from 56 of these P. falciparum isolates were applied to mixed-model regression and network analyses to determine linked loci correlating with drug responses. Genomic regions of shared haplotypes and positive selection within and between Gambian and Cambodian P. falciparum isolates were mapped by identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis of 209 genomes.

Results
SNPs in 71 genes, mostly involved in stress and drug resistance mechanisms correlated with drug responses. Additionally, erythrocyte invasion and permeability loci, including merozoite surface proteins (Pfdblmsp, Pfsurfin), and high-molecular-weight rhoptry protein 2 (Pfrhops2) were correlated with responses to multiple drugs. Haplotypes of pfdblmsp2 and known drug resistance loci (pfaat1, pfcrt and pfdhfr) from The Gambia showed high IBD with those from Cambodia, indicating co-ancestry, with significant linkage disequilibrium between their alleles.

Conclusions
Multiple linked genic loci correlating with drug response phenotypes suggest a genomic backbone may be under selection by antimalarials. This calls for further analysis of molecular pathways to drug resistance in African P. falciparum.
Unmet needs and practical solutions in the management of invasive mould infections in Asia
Authors: Chen Yee Chun , Chayakulkeeree Methee , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Gan Gin Gin , Kwong Yok Lam , Liu Wei-Lun , Tan Ban Hock , Todi Subhash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Management of invasive mould infections (IMIs) is challenging in Asia, as awareness among medical practitioners can be low and resources are limited. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of IMIs can mitigate the impact on morbidity and mortality, but diagnostic methods, as well as access to preferred antifungal medications, may vary throughout the region. Knowledge of local epidemiology and accurate diagnosis and identification of causal pathogens would facilitate optimal treatment but data in Asia are lacking. To address these unmet needs in the management of IMIs, this paper is a call for urgent action in the following areas: improving awareness of the threat of IMIs; providing education to frontline clinicians across a broad range of specialties on ‘red flags’ for suspicion of IMIs; prioritizing cost-effective rapid diagnostic testing; improving access to preferred antifungal medications; and closing the gaps in local epidemiological data on IMIs to inform local treatment guidelines.
Electronic case reporting (eCR) of COVID-19 to public health: implementation perspectives from the Minnesota Department of Health
Authors: Rajamani Sripriya , Kayser Ann , Ruprecht Ali , Cassman Jacqueline , Polzer Megan , Homan Teri , Reid Ann , Hanson Melinda , Emerson Emily , Dahlberg Schmit Aasa , Solarz Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electronic case reporting (eCR) is the automated generation and transmission of case reports from electronic health records to public health for review and action. These reports (electronic initial case reports: eICRs) adhere to recommended exchange and terminology standards. eCR is a partnership of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) received eICRs for COVID-19 from April 2020 (3 sites, manual process), automated eCR implementation in August 2020 (7 sites), and on-boarded ∼1780 clinical units in 460 sites across 6 integrated healthcare systems (through March 2022). Approximately 20 000 eICRs/month were reported to MDH during high-volume timeframes. With increasing provider/health system implementation, the proportion of COVID-19 cases with an eICR increased to 30% (March 2022). Evaluation of data quality for select demographic variables (gender, race, ethnicity, email, phone, language) across the 6 reporting health systems revealed a high proportion of completeness (&gt;80%) for half of variables and less complete data for rest (ethnicity, email, language) along with low ethnicity data (&lt;50%) for one health system. Presently eCR implementation at MDH includes only one EHR vendor. Next steps will focus on onboarding other EHRs, additional eICR data extraction/utilization, detailed analysis, outreach to address data quality issues, and expanding to other reportable conditions.
Chemometric Quality Assessment of Doxylamine Succinate With Its Degradation Product: Implementation of Two Predictive Models on UV-Spectrophotometric Data of Anti-Emetic Binary Mixture
Authors: Abd El-Hadi Heidi R , Eissa Maya S , Zaazaa Hala E , Eltanany Basma M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The combination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PYR) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) as an antiemetic binary mixture is used to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

Objective
Two validated, accurate, and selective chemometric models were developed to assay binary mixture in the presence of DOX oxidative degradation product (DOX DEG) that could be characterized using LC-MS.

Methods
Partial least squares (PLS) regression and principal component regression (PCR) were selected for the determination of our binary mixture in presence of degradation. To exhibit a training set of 25 mixtures that had various percentages of tested substances in five level 3 variables, an experimental design was chosen. A set of 18 synthetic mixtures in the concentration range 10.0–50.0 μg/mL, 12.00–20.0 μg/mL, and 6.0–30.0 μg/mL for PYR, DOX, and DOX DEG, respectively, were used in the construction of the calibration models. Then set of seven synthetic mixtures with different concentrations were used in the construction of the validation models.

Results
In validation samples with low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), the suggested models successfully predicted the concentrations of our drugs. The models developed were evaluated by RMSEP calculation, and the values obtained were 0.341, 0.196, and 0.388 for PYR, DOX, and DOX DEG, respectively, using PLS. While using PCR, RMSEP calculation and the values obtained were 0.400, 0.256, and 0.375 for PYR, DOX, and DOX DEG, respectively. The developed models were validated according to ICH strategies.

Conclusions
The corresponding methods are suitable to determine PYR and DOX in pure form, pharmaceutical dosage form, and in the presence of DOX DEG product.

Highlights
The study of drug breakdown pathways is very important nowadays, so even in the presence of degradation and extreme spectral overlapping, the suggested PLS and PCR spectrophotometric approaches were able to identify PYR and DOX.
Biomechanical effects of bone quality and design features in dental implants in long-term bone stability
Authors: Park Jieun , Park Soyeon , Kang Inyeong , Noh Gunwoo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of implant design factors (diameter, length, and connection type) and bone quality on the long-term success of implantation via finite element (FE) analysis, considering the bone remodeling process. A total of 36 cases of the three-dimensional FE model, with an implant complex located in the mandibular bone section of the molar region, were considered. An FE analysis considering dental bone remodeling was implemented in the Abaqus UMAT subroutine. A preload of 32 N∙cm and an average biting force of 50 N were applied during the bone remodeling process as the loading conditions. After the bone remodeling process, a maximum biting force of 200 N was applied in the oblique direction. The stability of the peri-implant bone was analyzed by measuring the apparent bone density over time and the principal strain in the cancellous bone. The stability of the peri-implant bone differs depending on the host bone conditions and implant design features. The initial bone condition greatly influenced the final density and maximum principal strain distribution in the cancellous bone surrounding the implant. The need for a stability evaluation considering the bone remodeling process has increased under the conditions of placing short-length and narrow-diameter implants in poor-quality bones.
Computed tomography vertebral segmentation from multi-vendor scanner data
Authors: Kim Chaewoo , Bekar Oguzcan , Seo Hyunseok , Park Sang-Min , Lee Deukhee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Automatic medical image segmentation is a crucial procedure for computer-assisted surgery. Especially, three-dimensional reconstruction of medical images of the surgical targets can be accurate in fine anatomical structures with optimal image segmentation, thus leading to successful surgical results. However, the performance of the automatic segmentation algorithm highly depends on the consistent properties of medical images. To address this issue, we propose a model for standardizing computed tomography (CT) images. Hence, our CT image-to-image translation network enables diverse CT images (non-standard images) to be translated to images with identical features (standard images) for the more precise performance of U-Net segmentation. Specifically, we combine an image-to-image translation network with a generative adversarial network, consisting of a residual block-based generative network and the discriminative network. Also, we utilize the feature extracting layers of VGG-16 to extract the style of the standard image and the content of the non-standard image. Moreover, for precise diagnosis and surgery, the conservation of anatomical information of the non-standard image is also essential during the synthesis of medical images. Therefore, for performance evaluation, largely three evaluation methods are employed: (i) visualization of the geometrical matching between the non-standard (content) and synthesized images to verify the maintenance of the anatomical structures; (ii) measuring numerical results using image similarity evaluation metrics; and (iii) assessing the performance of U-Net segmentation with our synthesized images. Specifically, we investigate that our model network can transfer the texture from standard CT images to diverse CT images (non-standard) scanned by different scanners and scan protocols. Also, we verify that the synthesized images can retain the global pose and fine structures of the non-standard images. We also compare the predicted segmentation result of the non-standard image and the synthesized image generated from its non-standard image via our proposed network. In addition, the performance of our proposed model is compared with the windowing process, where the window parameter of the standard image is applied to the non-standard image to ensure that our model outperforms the windowing process.
Optimal design of classic RCD absorption circuit in transient electromagnetic transmitter
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Zhao Xiang , Xi Zhenzhu , Qi Qingxin , Wang He , Long Xia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The classic RCD absorption circuit has been applied to shorten the turn-off time of transmitters. The current way to determine the resistor and capacitor values of the classic RCD circuit is inefficient. In this paper, an intelligent optimization method to design the classic RCD absorption circuit is proposed. First, based on Kirchhoff's law, the working principles of the RCD absorption circuit at three phases are mathematically analyzed. The formulations of current and voltage at each phase are derived. Next, the shortest turn-off time and its corresponding capacitance and resistance are determined using modeling. Finally, tests are carried out with the transmitting board and antenna to verify the simulation results. Compared with existing method, this new method is easier to operate, and it is more efficient at getting a accurate minimum turn-off time for a given transmitter loop.
An efficient symplectic stereo-modeling method for seismic inversion by using deep learning technique
Authors: Zhou Yanjie , Lu Fan , Ma Xiao , Huang Xueyuan , Wang Chenguang , He Xijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an efficient symplectic stereo-modeling (SSTEM) method for full waveform inversion (FWI) by using a deep learning technique. To solve the 2D acoustic equation, the SSTEM method uses a third-order optimal symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta approach as a time-stepping method. An eighth-order stereo-modeling operator is used for spatial discretization. The SSTEM method is then expressed with a recurrent neural network (RNN). This is realized mainly because the time advancing format of the SSTEM method is similar to that of RNN, and they both use the information from the previous time step to obtain information from the current time step. With SSTEM as the forward modeling method, FWI is implemented using Tensorflow. The well-known adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer and Nesterov adaptive moment estimation (Nadam) optimizer with mini-batch are used. The applicability of the developed code is also verified on GPUs. The numerical results show that the SSTEM method is more efficient and produces less numerical dispersion than the conventional finite-difference (FD) method when the same sampling rate in a wavelength is used. We compare several loss functions. The mean square (MSE) error and absolute (ABS) error loss functions are first tested. Another loss function that adds a physical differential operator to the original loss function is then considered. The FWI results show that this loss function has some improvements. Finally, we implement FWI on the complex Marmousi and SEG/EAGE models, and the inversion results demonstrate that the proposed method is suitable for seismic imaging in complex media.
Suppressing the very low-frequency noise by B-spline gating of transient electromagnetic data
Authors: Peng Cong , Zhu Kaiguang , Fan Tianjiao , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Very low-frequency (VLF) communication signals of 15–25 kHz contaminate the transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. The notch filter or Butterworth filter is commonly used to suppress VLF noise in addition to synchronous detection of TEM data such as gating and stacking, while also introducing the TEM signal distortion around the VLF band. We propose a B-spline gating, which suppresses the VLF noise while integrating TEM data in the gate interval without any extra filter. B-spline gating is designed to ensure that the zeros of its amplitude frequency response (AFR) are located around VLF frequencies by optimizing the knot vector of the B-spline. It is available for various VLF frequencies. We apply B-spline gating to synthetic TEM data compared with rectangular gating and full-tapered gating, the AFRs of B-spline and full-tapered gating are 25 dB lower at high frequencies than rectangular gating, and the amplitude of B-spline is more reduced at VLF frequency than full-tapered gating; the standard error of the B-spline gates is reduced by &gt;15% compared to the full-tapered gates. The field example from a TEM survey in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China shows that the amplitude of B-spline gating frequency response in late gates is reduced by about 20 dB at 24.1 kHz VLF than that of full-tapered gating, and the standard error is lower. It is concluded that B-spline gating can suppress VLF noise while following the normal decay of TEM signal without distortion.