bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The left prefrontal cortex determines relevance at encoding and governs episodic memory formation
Authors: Orth Michael , Wagnon Carole , Neumann-Dunayevska Elisabeth , Kaller Christoph Phillipp , Klöppel Stefan , Meier Beat , Henke Katharina , Peter Jessica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The role hemispheric lateralization in the prefrontal cortex plays for episodic memory formation in general, and for emotionally valenced information in particular, is debated. In a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled design, healthy young participants (n = 254) performed 2 runs of encoding to categorize the perceptual, semantic, or emotionally valenced (positive or negative) features of words followed by a free recall and a recognition task. To resolve competing hypotheses about the contribution of each hemisphere, we modulated left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity using transcranial direct current stimulation during encoding (1 mA, 20 min). With stimulation of the left DLPFC, but not the right DLPFC, encoding and free recall performance improved particularly for words that were processed semantically. In addition, enhancing left DLPFC activity increased memory formation for positive content while reducing that for negative content. In contrast, promoting right DLPFC activity increased memory formation for negative content. The left DLPFC assesses semantic properties of new memory content at encoding and thus influences how successful new episodic memories are established. Hemispheric laterlization—more active left DLPFC and less active right DLPFC—at the encoding stage shifts the formation of memory traces in favor of positively valenced content.
A paleo-neurologic investigation of the social brain hypothesis in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Van de Vliet Laura , Sun Jiaze , Huang Yun-An , Van Den Bossche Maarten J A , Sunaert Stefan , Peeters Ron , Zhu Qi , Vanduffel Wim , de Gelder Beatrice , De Winter François-Laurent , Van den Stock Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The social brain hypothesis posits that a disproportionate encephalization in primates enabled to adapt behavior to a social context. Also, it has been proposed that phylogenetically recent brain areas are disproportionally affected by neurodegeneration. Using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study investigates brain–behavior associations and neural integrity of hyperspecialized and domain-general cortical social brain areas in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The results revealed that both structure and function of hyperspecialized social areas in the middle portion of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are compromised in bvFTD, while no deterioration was observed in domain general social areas in the posterior STS. While the structural findings adhered to an anterior–posterior gradient, the functional group differences only occurred in the hyperspecialized locations. Activity in specialized regions was associated with structural integrity of the amygdala and with social deficits in bvFTD. In conclusion, the results are in line with the paleo-neurology hypothesis positing that neurodegeneration primarily hits cortical areas showing increased specialization, but also with the compatible alternative explanation that anterior STS regions degenerate earlier, based on stronger connections to and trans-neuronal spreading from regions affected early in bvFTD.
Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spaulding Anne C , Rabeeah Zainab , del Mar González-Montalvo Myrna , Akiyama Matthew J , Baker Brenda J , Bauer Heidi M , Gibson Brent R , Nijhawan Ank E , Parvez Farah , Wangu Zoon , Chan Philip A ,   Rollins Investigational Team on STIs in Corrections, Clausen Alyssa , Levano Samantha R , Michel Ciara , Pett Lindsay , Pluznik Jacob A , Richard Danielle , Ramanna Veena , Vega Allie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdmissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from communities of color, with lower access to care and prevention, compared with the United States as a whole. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors present results of a systematic review of literature published since 2012 on STIs in US jails, prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers, and juvenile facilities. This updates an earlier review of STIs in short-term facilities. This current review contributed to new recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 treatment guidelines for STIs, advising screening for Trichomonas in women entering correctional facilities. The current review also synthesizes recommendations on screening: in particular, opt-out testing is superior to opt-in protocols. Carceral interventions—managing diagnosed cases and preventing new infections from occurring (eg, by initiating human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis before release)—can counteract structural racism in healthcare.
Inequities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Rates Among Adolescents in Massachusetts: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gao David X , Fisher Lloyd D , Miller Donald R , Geller Alan C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected more socioeconomically disadvantaged persons and areas. We sought to determine how certain sociodemographic factors were correlated to adolescents’ COVID-19 vaccination rates in towns and cities (“communities”) in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Methods
Data on COVID-19 vaccination rates were obtained over a 20-week period from 30 March 2021 to 10 August 2021. Communities’ adolescent (ages 12–19) vaccination rates were compared across quintiles of community-level income, COVID-19 case rate, and proportion of non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic individuals. Other variables included population density and earlier COVID-19 vaccination rates of adolescents and adults, averaged from 30 March to 11 May to determine their effects on vaccination rates on 10 August. Linear and logistic regression was used to estimate individual effects of variables on adolescent vaccination rates.

Results
Higher median household income, lower proportion of Black or Hispanic individuals, higher early adolescent COVID-19 vaccination rates, and higher early adult COVID-19 vaccination rates were associated with higher later adolescent COVID-19 vaccination rates. Income per $10 000 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.01 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.02]), proportion of Hispanic individuals (aOR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.13–1.56]), early adolescent COVID-19 vaccination rates (aOR = 5.28 [95% CI: 4.67–5.96]), and early adult COVID-19 vaccination rates (aOR = 2.31 [95% CI: 2.02–2.64]) were associated with higher adolescent COVID-19 vaccination on 10 August, whereas proportion of Black individuals approached significance (aOR = 1.26 [95% CI: .98–1.61]).

Conclusions
Vaccination efforts for adolescents in Massachusetts should focus on boosting vaccination rates early in communities with the lowest incomes and greatest proportion of Hispanic individuals and consider targeting communities with a greater proportion of Black individuals.
Self-Assessed Severity as a Determinant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptom Specificity: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Bershteyn Anna , Dahl Angela M , Dong Tracy Q , Deming Meagan E , Celum Connie L , Chu Helen Y , Kottkamp Angelica C , Greninger Alexander L , Hoffman Risa M , Jerome Keith R , Johnston Christine M , Kissinger Patricia J , Landovitz Raphael J , Laufer Miriam K , Luk Alfred , Neuzil Kathleen M , Paasche-Orlow Michael K , Pitts Robert A , Schwartz Mark D , Stankiewicz Karita Helen C , Thorpe Lorna E , Wald Anna , Zheng Crystal Y , Wener Mark H , Barnabas Ruanne V , Brown Elizabeth R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 symptom definitions rarely include symptom severity. We collected daily nasal swab samples and symptom diaries from contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) case patients. Requiring ≥1 moderate or severe symptom reduced sensitivity to predict SARS-CoV-2 shedding from 60.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9%−66.7%) to 31.5% (95% CI, 25.7%− 38.0%) but increased specificity from 77.5% (95% CI, 75.3%−79.5%) to 93.8% (95% CI, 92.7%−94.8%).
Focusdata: Foreign Policy through Language and Sentiment
Authors: Fisher Scott , Klein Graig R , Codjo Juste 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Countries routinely translate official statements and state media articles from native languages to English. Over time, these articles provide a window into what each government is trying to portray to the world. The FOCUSdata Project provides years’ worth of text and language sentiment ratings for hundreds of thousands of articles from state media and ministry of foreign affairs’ websites from North Korea, China, Russia, and Iran. Information is an important foreign policy tool and national security strategists analyze how it influences the attitudes and behaviors of foreign audiences. This article introduces the FOCUSdata Project and shows how the sentiment data provide unique abilities to analyze Russia's and Iran's reactions to US policies and events and NGO human rights campaigns. Evaluating countries’ official narratives improves understanding of government signals to outside actors, reactions to crises and foreign policy tools, and interests regarding (un)favorable developments. Governments’ sentiment provides unique explanatory power.
Generational Shifts in Young Adult Cardiovascular Health? Millennials and Generation X in the United States and England
Authors: Martinson Melissa L , Lapham Jessica , Ercin-Swearinger Hazal , Teitler Julien O , Reichman Nancy E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare cardiovascular (CV) risks/conditions of Millennials (born 1981–1996) to those of Generation X (Gen X; born 1965–1980) at ages 20–34 years, across 2 countries (United States, England), by gender.

Methods
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States) and Health Survey for England, we estimated weighted unadjusted and adjusted gender-specific proportions of CV risk factors/conditions, separately for Millennials and Generation X in each country. We also further calculated sex-specific generational differences in CV risk factor/conditions by income tercile and for individuals with normal body weight.

Results
Millennials in the United States were more obese compared to their Gen X counterparts and more likely to have diabetes risk but less likely to smoke or have high cholesterol. Millennials in England had higher diabetes risk but similar or lower rates of other CV risk/conditions compared to their Gen X counterparts. Generational changes could not be fully attributed to increases in obesity or decreases in income.

Discussion
We expected that Millennial CV risk factors/conditions would be worse than those of Gen X, particularly in the United States, because Millennials came of age during the Great Recession and a period of increasing population obesity. Millennials generally fared worse than their Gen X counterparts in terms of obesity and diabetes risk, especially in the United States, but had lower rates of smoking and high cholesterol in both countries. Secular trends of increasing obesity and decreased economic opportunities did not appear to lead to uniform generational differences in CV risk factors.
Tomato SlCER1–1 catalyzes the synthesis of wax alkanes, increasing drought tolerance and fruit storability
Authors: Wu Hongqi , Liu Le , Chen Yaofeng , Liu Tianxiang , Jiang Qinqin , Wei Zhengyang , Li Chunlian , Wang Zhonghua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Very-long-chain (VLC) alkanes are the main wax compounds of tomato fruits and leaves. ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3) are the two key genes involved in VLC alkane biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, CER1 and CER3 homologs have not been investigated in tomato, and their exact biological functions remain unknown. We analyzed the wax profiles of tomato leaves and fruits at different growth stages and characterized the tomato CER1 and CER3 homologs. VLC alkanes were the predominant wax compounds in both leaves and fruits at all developmental stages. We identified five CER1 homologs and two CER3 homologs in tomato, which were designated SlCER1–1 to SlCER1–5 and SlCER3–1 and SlCER3–2, respectively. The genes exhibited tissue- and organ-specific expression patterns and were induced by abiotic stresses. SlCER1–1 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is also the main site of wax biosynthesis. Silencing SlCER1–1 in tomato significantly reduced the amounts of n-alkanes and branched alkanes, whereas its overexpression in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect. Under drought stress, both n-alkanes and branched alkanes increased significantly in wild-type but not SlCER1–1 RNAi tomato plants. Furthermore, SlCER1–1 silencing also increased the cuticular permeability of leaves and fruits. In conclusion, SlCER1–1 is involved in wax alkane biosynthesis in tomato and plays an important role in drought tolerance and fruit storability.
Predictors of 007 triphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots in persons with hepatitis C and active drug or alcohol use
Authors: Brooks Kristina M , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R , Morrow Mary , Mawhinney Samantha , Rowan Sarah E , Wyles David , Blum Joshua , Huntley Ryan , Salah Lana , Tehrani Arya , Jimmerson Leah C , Roon Laura , Bushman Lane R , Anderson Peter L , Kiser Jennifer J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Sofosbuvir is converted to its active form, 007 triphosphate (007-TP), within cells. To date, the association between treatment adherence and 007-TP in dried blood spots (DBS) and factors that influence this relationship remain unknown.

Objectives
To examine relationships between adherence and 007-TP concentrations in DBS and identify factors that influence 007-TP in DBS.

Methods
Persons with HCV or HIV/HCV coinfection and self-reported drug and/or alcohol use were randomized to one of two technology-based approaches for monitoring 12 week adherence to once-daily ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Convenience blood samples were collected every 2 weeks during treatment. 007-TP in DBS was quantified using LC/MS and analysed using mixed-effects models.

Results
A total of 337 observations were available from 58 participants (78% male; 21% black; 22% Hispanic/Latino; 26% cirrhotic; 78% HIV-coinfected). The mean half-life of 007-TP in DBS was 142 h (95% CI 127–156) and concentrations increased by 7.3% (95% CI 2.2–12.6) for every 10% increase in between-visit adherence. Geometric mean (95% CI) 007-TP concentrations in DBS were 301 (247–368), 544 (462–639) and 647 (571–723) fmol/punch by adherence categories of ≤50%, &gt;50 to ≤80%, and &gt;80%. Adherence, time on therapy, increasing age and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with higher 007-TP, whereas increased time since last dose, male sex, black race and higher BMI were associated with lower 007-TP.

Conclusions
007-TP has an extended half-life in DBS and concentrations increased with adherence. Further research is needed to examine additional factors that affect 007-TP and the clinical utility of this measure.
Validation of the 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) for the Detection of Shiga Toxin Gene (stx1 and/or stx2) in Additional Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 071903
Authors: Rosauer Micki L , Barnes Christina , Silbernagel Karen M , Koch Kateland M , Thompson-Strehlow Leslie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method is based on gene amplification by the use of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification when used with the 3M Molecular Detection System for the rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin gene (stx1 and/or stx2) from Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC) in enriched foods.

Objective
The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method was evaluated as a Level 2 method modification to add new matrixes to the certified claim: 25 g fresh raw ground beef (approximately 75% lean), 375 g raw beef trim (approximately 75% lean), 375 g fresh raw ground pork (approximately 70% lean), 375 g fresh raw poultry parts, and 25 g sprouts.

Methods
Matrix studies were conducted to assess the method’s performance compared to the US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, 5C.00 for meat and poultry, and to the US Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Ch. 4A for sprouts, using an unpaired study design.

Results
The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method demonstrated no significant differences between presumptive and confirmed results or between candidate and reference method results for any of the matrices tested.

Conclusion and Highlights
The data collected in these studies demonstrate that the 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) is a reliable method for the rapid and specific detection of STEC in fresh raw ground beef (approximately 75% lean), fresh raw beef trim (approximately 75% lean), fresh raw ground pork (approximately 70% lean), fresh raw poultry parts, and sprouts.
Validation of the 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx and eae) for the Detection of Shiga Toxin Gene (stx1 and/or stx2) and Intimin Gene (eae): AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 071902
Authors: Rosauer Micki L , Barnes Christina , Silbernagel Karen M , Koch Kateland M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx and eae) method is based on gene amplification by the use of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification when used with the 3M Molecular Detection System for the rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin gene (stx1 and/or stx2) and intimin gene (eae) from Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC) in enriched foods.

Objective
The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx and eae) method was evaluated as a Level 2 method modification to add new matrixes to the certified claim: 25 g fresh raw ground beef (approximately 75% lean), 375 g fresh raw ground pork (approximately 70% lean), 375 g fresh raw poultry parts, and 25 g sprouts.

Methods
Matrix studies were conducted to assess the method’s performance compared to the U. S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, 5C.00 for meat and poultry, and to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Ch. 4A for sprouts, using an unpaired study design.

Results
The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx and eae) method demonstrated no significant differences between presumptive and confirmed results or between candidate and reference method results for any of the matrixes tested.

Conclusion and Highlights
The data collected in these studies demonstrate that the 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx and eae) is a reliable method for the rapid and specific detection of STEC in fresh raw ground beef (approximately 75% lean), fresh raw ground pork (approximately 70% lean), fresh raw poultry parts, and sprouts.
Honoring the public trust: curbing the bane of physician sexual misconduct
Authors: Sindhu Kunal K , Schaffer Adam C , Cohen I Glenn , Allensworth Rebecca Haw , Adashi Eli Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Federation of State Medical Boards defines physician sexual misconduct as any ‘behavior that exploits the physician-patient relationship in a sexual way.’ Although several attempts have been made in recent years to clarify its incidence in the United States, physician sexual misconduct is almost certainly underreported. Physician sexual misconduct represents a severe and irreversible violation of the compact underlying the patient–physician relationship and can have far-reaching consequences on the lives of patients and their families. In addition, the credibility of and trust in physicians, both essential to the provision of medical care, could well erode in the eyes of the public at large if egregious cases of physician sexual misconduct are perceived as having gone unpunished. Although all physician licensees accused of sexual misconduct are entitled to the presumption of innocence and due process, complaints made by patients must be taken seriously and vigorously pursued. In this article, we discuss the ongoing challenge of physician sexual misconduct and provide recommendations to improve its reporting and curb its incidence.
Evidence of a population of leaf-eared micePhyllotis vaccarumabove 6,000 m in the Andes and a survey of high-elevation mammals
Authors: Steppan Scott J , Bowen Thomas , Bangs Max R , Farson Matthew , Storz Jay F , Quiroga-Carmona Marcial , D’Elía Guillermo , Vimercati Lara , Dorador Ortiz Cristina , Zimmerman Graham , Schmidt Steve K 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiologists have long pondered the extreme limits of life on Earth, including the maximum elevation at which species can live and reproduce. Here we review evidence of a self-sustaining population of mice at an elevation that exceeds that of all previously reported for mammals. Five expeditions over 10 years to Volcán Llullaillaco on the Argentina/Chile border observed and collected mice at elevations ranging from 5,070 m at the mountain’s base to the summit at 6,739 m (22,110 feet). Previously unreported evidence includes observations and photographs of live animals and mummified remains, environmental DNA, and a soil microbial community reflecting animal activity that are evaluated in combination with previously reported video recordings and capture of live mice. All of the evidence identifies the mouse as the leaf-eared mouse Phyllotis vaccarum, and it robustly places the population within a haplotype group containing individuals from the Chilean Atacama Desert and nearby regions of Argentina. A critical review of the literature affirms that this population is not only an elevational record for mammals but for all terrestrial vertebrates to date, and we further find that many extreme elevations previously reported for mammals are based on scant or dubious evidence.
Ground-Truthing Forest Change Detection Algorithms in Working Forests of the US Northeast
Authors: Desrochers Madeleine L , Tripp Wayne , Logan Stephen , Bevilacqua Eddie , Johnson Lucas , Beier Colin M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The need for reliable landscape-scale monitoring of forest disturbance has grown with increased policy and regulatory attention to promoting the climate benefits of forests. Change detection algorithms based on satellite imagery can address this need but are largely untested for the forest types and disturbance regimes of the US Northeast, including management practices common in northern hardwoods and mixed hardwood-conifer forests. This study ground-truthed the “off-the-shelf” outputs of three satellite-based change detection algorithms using detailed harvest records and maps covering 43,000 ha of working forests in northeastern New York.