bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic liquid biopsy components as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Raza Afsheen , Khan Abdul Q. , Inchakalody Varghese Philipose , Mestiri Sarra , Yoosuf Zeenath Safira K. M. , Bedhiafi Takwa , El-Ella Dina Moustafa Abo , Taib Nassiba , Hydrose Shereena , Akbar Shayista , Fernandes Queenie , Al-Zaidan Lobna , Krishnankutty Roopesh , Merhi Maysaloun , Uddin Shahab , Dermime Said 
Published: March 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of CRC depends largely on tissue biopsy. However, due to tumor heterogeneity and limitations such as invasiveness, high cost and limited applicability in longitudinal monitoring, liquid biopsy has gathered immense attention in CRC. Liquid biopsy has several advantages over tissue biopsy including ease of sampling, effective monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of treatment dynamics. Furthermore, the importance of liquid biopsy is signified by approval of several liquid biopsy assays by regulatory bodies indicating the powerful approach of liquid biopsy for comprehensive CRC screening, diagnostic and prognostics. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers such as novel components of the microbiome, non-coding RNAs, extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor DNA are extensively being researched for their role in CRC management. Majority of these components have shown promising results on their clinical application in CRC including early detection, observe tumor heterogeneity for treatment and response, prediction of metastases and relapse and detection of minimal residual disease. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide updated information on various novel liquid biopsy markers such as a) oral microbiota related bacterial network b) gut microbiome-associated serum metabolites c) PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), microRNA(miRNAs), Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and d) circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC) for their role in disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring and their applicability for personalized management of CRC.
Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Ramezankhani Azra , Parizadeh Donna , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the sex differences in the association between blood pressure categories and glucose intolerance status with overall and ischemic stroke among Iranian adults.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted on 5349 individuals (2446 men) aged ≥ 40 years. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and men-to-women ratios of HRs (RHRs) of overall and ischemic stroke for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pre-hypertension, hypertension, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).ResultsEach 0.55 mmol/L increase in FPG was associated with a higher HR of overall stroke in men than women [RHRs 1.05 (1.01–1.09)]. The associations between each 10 mmHg increase in DBP and stroke events were stronger in men than women, with RHRs of 1.20 (1.00–1.45) and 1.29 (1.04–1.60) for overall and ischemic stroke, respectively. Hypertension was associated with a higher HR of overall [RHRs: 2.41 (1.21–4.8)] and ischemic stroke [2.37 (1.12–5.01)] in men than women. We also found that T2Dwas associatedwithhigher risksof overall and ischemic stroke in men than women: the RHRs were 2.16 (1.24–3.75) and 1.93 (1.05–3.55) for overall and ischemic stroke, respectively.ConclusionHypertension and T2D induced higher risk of overall and ischemic stroke in men than women among Iranian population.
ELECTRA-DTA: a new compound-protein binding affinity prediction model based on the contextualized sequence encoding
Authors: Wang Junjie , Wen NaiFeng , Wang Chunyu , Zhao Lingling , Cheng Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Motivation
Drug-target binding affinity (DTA) reflects the strength of the drug-target interaction; therefore, predicting the DTA can considerably benefit drug discovery by narrowing the search space and pruning drug-target (DT) pairs with low binding affinity scores. Representation learning using deep neural networks has achieved promising performance compared with traditional machine learning methods; hence, extensive research efforts have been made in learning the feature representation of proteins and compounds. However, such feature representation learning relies on a large-scale labelled dataset, which is not always available.

Results
We present an end-to-end deep learning framework, ELECTRA-DTA, to predict the binding affinity of drug-target pairs. This framework incorporates an unsupervised learning mechanism to train two ELECTRA-based contextual embedding models, one for protein amino acids and the other for compound SMILES string encoding. In addition, ELECTRA-DTA leverages a squeeze-and-excitation (SE) convolutional neural network block stacked over three fully connected layers to further capture the sequential and spatial features of the protein sequence and SMILES for the DTA regression task. Experimental evaluations show that ELECTRA-DTA outperforms various state-of-the-art DTA prediction models, especially with the challenging, interaction-sparse BindingDB dataset. In target selection and drug repurposing for COVID-19, ELECTRA-DTA also offers competitive performance, suggesting its potential in speeding drug discovery and generalizability for other compound- or protein-related computational tasks.
Improving the performance of models for one-step retrosynthesis through re-ranking
Authors: Lin Min Htoo , Tu Zhengkai , Coley Connor W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRetrosynthesis is at the core of organic chemistry. Recently, the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has spurred a variety of novel machine learning approaches for data-driven synthesis planning. These methods learn complex patterns from reaction databases in order to predict, for a given product, sets of reactants that can be used to synthesise that product. However, their performance as measured by the top-Naccuracy in matching published reaction precedents still leaves room for improvement. This work aims to enhance these models by learning to re-rank their reactant predictions. Specifically, we design and train an energy-based model to re-rank, for each product, the published reaction as the top suggestion and the remaining reactant predictions as lower-ranked. We show that re-ranking can improve one-step models significantly using the standard USPTO-50k benchmark dataset, such as RetroSim, a similarity-based method, from 35.7 to 51.8% top-1 accuracy and NeuralSym, a deep learning method, from 45.7 to 51.3%, and also that re-ranking the union of two models’ suggestions can lead to better performance than either alone. However, the state-of-the-art top-1 accuracy is not improved by this method.Graphical Abstract
Association between work ability and work stressors: cross-sectional survey of elderly services and health and social care service employees
Authors: Selander Kirsikka , Nikunlaakso Risto , Laitinen Jaana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Work in the health and social care services (HSS) is very stressful and sickness absences are high. Nevertheless, little is known about their work stressors and work ability. The first aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of different work stressors and their accumulation among eldercare workers compared to general HSS workers. Second aim is to analyze associations between different work stressors and work ability and thus provide information on factors that are important in enhancing work ability.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey examined HSS employees in Finland in 2020. The response rate was 67% (N = 22,502). Descriptive analyses were used to describe the control variables and the differences between the work stressors of general HSS and eldercare employees. After this, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed the association between work stressors and work ability.

Results
Eldercare employees experienced more often moral distress than HSS employees in general, and this further lowers their work ability. Single work stressors––Karasek’s strain, Siegrist’s ERI, organizational injustice and moral distress––increased the odds of low work ability (OR range 1.4–2.5) in comparison to no work stressors. However, the association with single stressors was roughly one third of that with the accumulation of all four work stressors (OR = 6.8). Thus, the accumulation of several stressors was most harmful for work ability.

Conclusions
This study provides novel information on the accumulation of work stressors in relation to work ability. The results suggest that in order to enhance work ability, HSS organizations should pay more attention to preventing several stressors from accumulating. Eldercare organizations in particular need to develop effective measures for lowering moral distress.
Impaired glymphatic function in the early stages of disease in a TDP-43 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zamani Akram , Walker Adam K. , Rollo Ben , Ayers Katie L. , Farah Raysha , O’Brien Terence J. , Wright David K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple lines of evidence suggest possible impairment of the glymphatic system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To investigate this, we used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess glymphatic function early in the course of disease in a transgenic mouse with doxycycline (Dox)-controlled expression of cytoplasmic human TDP-43 (hTDP-43ΔNLS), mimicking the key pathology implicated in ALS.

Methods
Adult TDP-43 transgenic and littermate monogenic control mice underwent longitudinal multimodal MRI one and three weeks after the cessation of Dox feed, together with weekly rotarod assessments of motor performance. Glymphatic function was assessed using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to track the clearance of an MR contrast agent injected into the cisterna magna.

Results
Compared to their littermate controls, TDP-43 mice exhibited progressive neurodegeneration including that within the primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and corticospinal tract, significant weight loss including gastrocnemius atrophy, and shortened telomere length. Furthermore, in the presence of this ALS-like phenotype, these mice have significantly disrupted glymphatic function.

Conclusions
Although the relationship between glymphatic clearance and ALS disease progression remains to be elucidated, these changes occurred very early in the disease course. This provides initial evidence to suggest that the glymphatic system might be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ALS.
Spatiotemporal analysis of droughts characteristics and drivers in the Omo-Gibe River basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Anose Fikru Abiko , Beketie Kassahun Ture , Zeleke Tadesse Terefe , Ayal Desalegn Yayeh , Feyisa Gudina Legese , Haile Bereket Tesfaye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Drought is one of the leading destructive natural disasters adversely affecting natural resources and livelihoods. Thus, this study evaluated the spatial and temporal meteorological drought characteristics and their drivers in the Omo-Gibe River basin (OGRB) from 1981 to 2017. The drought analysis used the standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) with 4- and 12-month timescales. The Mann–Kendall (MK), Sen's slope estimator, and Pettit test were used to evaluate the trend and change points of the time series. Pearson correlation was used to examine the teleconnection between large-scale global climate signals with the basin's seasonal and annual drought indices.

Results
Accordingly, extreme and severe drought events were observed in 1988, 2000, and 2009. In the basin, prolonged drought events were recorded from 2000 to 2015. The statistically significant (P < 0.05) increasing trend of seasonal and annual drought events was observed in all basin parts. However, more drought events distribution was exhibited in the south than in the north and central parts. The Sawla station (southern part) showed a higher drought frequency, ranging from 18.18 to 20.36%. The maximum intensity and peak drought events were observed in this sub-basin, with SPEI reaching − 2.27 and − 4.89, respectively. The global indices NINO3.4, SOI, and DMI are drivers for triggering the meteorological droughts in OGRB.

Conclusions
Substantial warming and erratic rainfall have made OGRB vulnerable to drought events. The intensification of droughts in the basin has also been recorded in humid parts of the basin which has a significant adverse effect on the water availability of down streams. This indicates that the observed drought intensity can increase the water deficit and other natural resources degradation. Therefore, this study provides essential information on drought characteristics for decision-makers to plan appropriate strategies for early warning systems to adapt and mitigate drought hazards in the basin.
Individual variations and sex differences in hemodynamics and percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in Tibetan highlanders of Tsarang in the Mustang district of Nepal
Authors: Nishimura Takayuki , Arima Hiroaki , Koirala Sweta , Ito Hiromu , Yamamoto Taro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies have indicated specific low-hemoglobin (Hb) adaptation to high altitude in the Tibetan population, but studies focusing on physiological variations within this population are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between SpO2 and related factors, including individual variations and sex differences, to assess the generality of high-altitude adaptation in the Tibetan population of Tsarang.

Methods
The participants were 31 male and 41 female community-dwelling people aged ≥18 years living in Tsarang, in the Mustang district of Nepal. Height, weight, SpO2, Hb concentration, finger temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured. Lifestyle information was obtained by interview.

Results
Men had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and Hb (p < 0.001) than women. There was no significant correlation between SpO2 and other parameters in men. In women, SpO2 was negatively correlated with heart rate (p = 0.036), Hb (p = 0.004), and finger temperature (p = 0.037). In multiple regression analysis, a higher SpO2 was marginally correlated with lower age (β = −0.109, p = 0.086) and higher Hb (β = 0.547, p = 0.053) in men. In women, higher SpO2 was significantly correlated with lower heart rate (β = −0.045, p = 0.036) and Hb (β = −0.341, p = 0.018). Mean hemoglobin (95% confidence interval) was 13.6 g/dl (13.1–14.0 g/dl), which is lower than that found previously in Andeans and almost equal to that in Japanese lowlanders measured using the same device. In some participants of both sexes, hemoglobin was >17.0 g/dl.

Conclusion
Higher SpO2 was marginally correlated with younger age and higher Hb in men and with lower heart rate and lower Hb in women. Hemoglobin concentration was similar to that found previously in lowlanders, but higher in some individuals. These results indicate individual variation and sex differences in the hemodynamics of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan highlanders of Tsarang, as well as low-Hb adaptation to high altitude equal to that of other Tibetans.
Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Cortes-Araya Yennifer , Donadeu F. Xavier , Ashworth Cheryl J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial systems. Intrauterine growth restricted piglets represent 25% of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive performance. This study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different size. The lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW) male Large White × Landrace littermates were collected at gestational days (GD) 45, 60 and 90 (n = 5–6 litters/GD).

Results
Testes weight and testes weight as a percentage of fetal weight were not associated with fetal size at GD60 or 90. Fetal plasma testosterone was not associated with fetal size at GD90. There was no association between fetal size and seminiferous tubule area and number, number of germ or Sertoli cells per tubule. The lightest fetuses tended to have wider seminiferous tubules compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90 (P = 0.077). The testicular expression of KI67 (P ≤ 0.01) and BAX:BCL2 ratio (P = 0.058) mRNAs decreased as gestation progressed. Greater SPP1 mRNA expression was observed at GD60 when compared with GD45 and 90 (P ≤ 0.05). Lower expression of DMRT1 and SPP1 (P < 0.01) mRNAs was observed in testes associated with the lightest fetuses compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90.

Conclusions
These findings provide novel insights into the expression profiles of genes associated with testicular development and function. Further, these data suggest that programming of reproductive potential in IUGR boars occurs late in gestation, providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.
Comfort related woven fabric transmission properties made of cotton and nylon
Authors: Adamu Biruk Fentahun , Gao Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interaction of water and air i.e. moisture regain, water vapor transmission, wicking and air permeability with woven textiles are tested to investigate the comfort of woven fabrics made of nylon, cotton, and cotton–nylon mixtures with different yarn counts. The fabrics porosity (based on equation 1 and 2), woven fabric sett (ASTM D3775-03), fabric thickness (ASTM D1777-96), fabric weight (ASTM D3776M - 20), fabric vapour transmission (ASTM E96-00), transfer wicking, and longitudinal wicking (DIN 53924), moisture regain (ASTM D2495-07), and air permeability (ASTM D737) were examined for investigations based on the standards in the brackets. The experimental results showed that fabric transfer wicking, longitudinal wicking, moisture regain and air permeability properties increase as the yarn goes to coarser for all woven fabric samples but the water vapor transmission property decrease. Additionally, fabric transfer and longitudinal wicking capabilities improved with increased nylon fiber blend ratios within fiber conformation. However, the nylon fiber composition has negative impact on air permeability, water vapor transfer rate, wicking and moisture capabilities of the woven fabrics. Generally, it can be concluded that the existence of nylon fiber, and yarn count coarseness improved wicking properties of the woven fabrics and decreased the air permeability property of woven fabrics.
Associations of maternal exposure to fine particulate matter with preterm and early-term birth in high-risk pregnant women
Authors: Cao Kaixin , Jin Hongyan , Li Haoxin , Tang Mengmeng , Ge Jianhong , Li Zekang , Wang Xiaoyun , Wei Xuetao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Environmental pollution is a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes, especially preterm birth (PTB) and early-term birth (ETB). It has been revealed that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy increase the prevalence of PTB. However, the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and ETB has not been elucidated. In high-risk pregnancies, whether PM2.5 exposure will bring higher risk of PTB and ETB than in normal pregnancies is still unclear, and the susceptible exposure window is obscure. Therefore, it is worthy of assessing the risk on PTB and ETB and identifying the susceptible exposure windows of PM2.5 exposure in high-risk pregnant women.

Results
This paper collected the clinical data of 7974 singletons, high-risk pregnant women in Peking University First Hospital from 2014 to 2018, and analyzed them using logistic regression and stratified analysis. We observed that exposure to high-level (≥ 75 µg/m3) of PM2.5 during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of PTB and ETB (PTB: odds ratio[OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.05–1.93. ETB: OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09–1.54). Furthermore, the effects of each 10ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 on PTB and ETB were significant during the third trimester (PTB: OR = 1.35, 95%CI:1.16–1.58. ETB: OR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.02–1.22) and the entire pregnancy (PTB: OR = 6.12, 95%CI:4.27–8.89. ETB: OR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.59–2.43) in the high-level exposure group.

Conclusions
These results suggest that high-level PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy is associated with high risk of PTB and ETB in high-risk pregnancies. The third trimester of pregnancy is speculated to be the susceptible exposure window.
Unexpected death in a newborn due to a congenital partial pericardial defect: a case report
Authors: de Almeida Prado Patricia Shirley , Fernandes Laísa Caldas , Tavares Ramão 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pericardial defects are rare anatomical variations that can present as an isolated variation or be associated with other conditions. They are usually asymptomatic and misdiagnosed conditions, and given their rarity, partial pericardial defects can have devastating outcomes. The sudden death of an apparently healthy newborn certainly raises concerns, and a medico-legal investigation is crucial in establishing the cause of death. This case report highlights the importance of awareness on the part of obstetric professionals of the lethal outcomes of pericardial partial congenital defects. This case also demonstrates the difficulty of establishing a correct diagnosis.

Case presentation
The autopsy of a 15-h-old neonate revealed a partial pericardial defect ending in a biventricular strangulation by the defective pericardium. Other findings, such as the patency of the arterial ductus, a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and aspiration of amniotic fluid, were also reported.

Conclusions
Although imaging techniques have evolved, fetal detection of cardiac abnormalities can be tricky, especially when occurring as an isolated variation.