bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triage of antenatal care through telehealth during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care centre of North India
Authors: Gupta Amrit , Yadav Sangeeta , Seduchidambaram Malathy , Singh Neeta , Pradhan Prasanta K. , Pradhan Mandakini 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Telemedicine facilitates patient care in various fields including antenatal care. Its application and usefulness need objectification and can be a guide to using this service in the care of pregnant women.

Material and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study conducted from May 2020 to December 2020. Following the telemedicine practice guideline of the country, 3,360 teleconsultations were sought by 862 antenatal patients. The duration of each call, an indication of referral and pregnancy risk stratification were noted. Further management was classified into three categories depending upon the need for an immediate hospital visit, no hospital visit or scheduled visit after at least 48 h after the first contact.

Results:
The antenatal cases were referred for either maternal, foetal or both indications in 24.7, 54.8 and 20.5% of the cases, respectively. Women were classified as low risk (61.6%), high risk (35.7%) and severe risk (2.7%). In 1.4% of the patients, history and review of the records could not be done through telemedicine. The average time spent was 16.6 min for the first contact and 3.1 min for subsequent contacts. Further management was done with immediate visits in 385 (45.3%), scheduled hospital visits in 292 (34.3%) women and no tertiary care hospital visit in 173 (20.4%).

Discussion:
Women (20.4%) not called to the maternal-foetal medicine department of the institute were managed along with the treating obstetrician and no difference in pregnancy outcome was noted.

Conclusion:
Antenatal care can be provided following triage over teleconsultation and 1.4% of the women may not be able to use telehealth.
Economic analysis of ASHA-soft programme (online payment and monitoring system) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Nitin K. , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Suthar Praveen , Singh Kuldeep , Joshi Vibha , Manda Balwant 
Published: March 2022

Context:
The Government of India under a performance-based payment scheme is providing remuneration as per the activities completed by the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) health workers. Each state in India has a differentperformance-based payment system for ASHAs. The state of Rajasthan developed the ASHA-Soft system in 2014 for providing incentives to ASHAs.

Aims:
This study is planned to analyze the performance of ASHA-Soft considering the economic aspects as there is a paucity of studies in this context. Settings and Design: This study was conducted in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Methods and Material:
Economic analysis of ASHA-Soft program was performed based on Incentive paid to ASHA workers; Number of beneficiaries; Overall contribution of ASHAs in the health services; and unit cost per health service under ASHA-Soft program. Data of five financial years, that is, from the inception of ASHA-Soft was analyzed.

Results:
Consolidated incentive for maternal health, child health, and Immunization services provided to ASHAs through ASHA-Soft in the year 2015--16 was $96794.22, $35348.32, and $49016.83 which increased to $200285.00, $116320.52, and $101686.48 in the year 2019—20, respectively. Family planning and national program services were provided to 6,259 and 4,061 beneficiaries, respectively, in the year 2015--16 which markedly increased to 16,360 and 9,552 in the year 2019--20. Unit-cost of service provided by ASHAs in the National Programme ($1.13) was the lowest and for Family Planning Services ($5.71) were the highest.

Conclusions:
ASHA-Soft program seems a potential program to attract ASHA workers for delivering health care services. The findings of this study could assist policymakers in guiding further decision-making.
Weaning of septic patients from the ventilator in the intensive care unit by attention approach to common antibiotic regimens
Authors: Sadegh Mohammad J. , Rafiei Mohammadreza , Hazrati Ebrahim , Namazi Mehrshad , Afsahi Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sepsis is a chronic blood infection that is more common in patients with ventilatory and disability. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of common antibiotic regimens on weaning sepsis patients from mechanical ventilator.

Methods:
In this prospective cross-sectional study, we classified 70 sepsis patients under mechanical ventilation which sedates with midazolam and do not take muscle relaxants into two groups: meropenem and levofloxacin versus meropenem, levofloxacin, and clindamycin. The duration of intubation and the number of patients who needed re-intubation (and their duration of extubation) were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:
In the present study, 68.6% were male and 31.4% were female. The mean age was calculated to be 37.98. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the ICU in the group of two drugs (meropenem + levofloxacin) showed a significant decrease compared to the group of three drugs (P < 0.05). But no significant difference was observed in terms of ventilator connection time (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The differences in terms of mean duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay between the groups indicate that the two-drug regimen (meropenem + levofloxacin) is more efficient in bringing [sepsis] patients back to recovery.
The effect of mental health training on the knowledge of common mental disorders among medical officers in primary health centres in rural Karnataka
Authors: Salazar Luke Joshua , Ekstrand Maria L. , Selvam Sumithra , Heylen Elsa , Pradeep Johnson R , Srinivasan Krishnamachari 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Deficits in knowledge regarding identification and treatment of common mental disorders (CMD) and stigmatizing attitudes towards CMDs exist among primary care physicians in India.

Objectives:
We aimed to assess the gain in knowledge of CMDs among primary health centre (PHC) doctors, after they underwent training in the identification and treatment of CMDs, and to assess the relationship between the gain in knowledge and demographic variables. We also assessed attitudes towards depression among PHC doctors who underwent training.

Methods:
We assessed knowledge of CMDs among 38 PHC doctors before and after training using a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ). The training session included didactic teaching and case-based discussions.

Results:
The post-test mean score was significantly higher compared to the pre-test mean score (P < 0.0001), indicative of a significant mean gain in knowledge of CMDs among PHC doctors following training. Significant improvements were noted on the questions assessing identification of CMDs, knowledge of depressive symptoms and identification of panic attacks, post-training (all P < 0.05). Participants with lower pre-test scores had greater improvements in knowledge post-training. Around half of the PHC doctors endorsed negative attitudes towards depression.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the efficacy of a training programme for PHC doctors in improving their knowledge of CMDs. Stigmatizing attitudes towards depression were present among around half the PHC doctors even after the training. This has implications for the strategy of integrating mental healthcare into primary care, with the overall goal of reducing the treatment gap for CMDs.
Psychological observations of the parents on their children during COVID-19 pandemic social isolation in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gohal Gassem , Zaino Mohammad , Gosadi Ibrahim M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Social isolation was imposed as the best preventive measure worldwide for the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the psychological effects of this measure among Saudi families in the Jazan province to assess its impact on children during this period.

Methods:
This study was a cross-section investigation conducted in the Jazan province that is located in the southwest part of the country. Data collection was conducted during May 2020 during the country-wise curfew in Saudi Arabia and targeted parents living in Jazan with a minimum of one child above the age of 5 years using a self-administered web-based questionnaire.

Results:
In total, 408 valid questionnaires were collected. About 50.5% (n = 206) of the parents reported their children as having abnormal psychological observation at the time of their social isolation, which is significantly associated with living status, the number of children (especially when the family has fewer than two children <5 years old), and if any relatives or friends got COVID-19 or quarantined. The psychological effects ranged from anxiety, sleeping disturbance, fear of death, feeling frustrated or bored and violence.

Conclusion:
Our findings, although limited to observations of parents concerning their children, suggest that social isolation could be a possible risk factor for the development of more serious psychological ramifications in the future such as depression and anxiety.
Predictors of quality of life among geriatric population in a tribal dominant state of India: A community based analytical study
Authors: Soren Santosh Kumar , Kumari Anju Prabha , Kujur Anit , Sunderam Shalini , Singh Shashi Bhushan , Raj Mayank 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Improving the quality of life of the geriatric population along with maintaining their health and promoting social participation still poses a major public health challenge in the twenty-first century. Hence, we planned to measure the quality of life (QOL) in each domain namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental using the world health organization quality of life brief version (WHO QOL-BREF) questionnaire and to assess the predictors of QOL among the elderly population.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand for a period of 6 months. The study was carried out among 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The data collected were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The QOL scores were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, and the difference between mean scores was tested by using student t-test/analysis of variance (ANOVA). The predictor associated with QOL was done by multiple linear regression analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 206 geriatric people fulfilling the study criteria were enrolled during the study. The majority of the people were of the age between 60 and69 years (71.8%). Most of them 202 (98.1%) resided in rural areas, 108 (52.4%) of them were illiterate by education, and nearly half 102 (49.5%) depended on pension for livelihood. Nontribal ethnicity, backward category, illiteracy, low socio-economic status, nuclear family, elderly person having no own source of income, currently living alone, person having more co-morbidity, and less activities of daily living (ADL) score were significantly associated with low QOL score.

Conclusion:
Overall QOL was good to excellent in Ranchi, Jharkhand. We concluded that QOL is affected by many different factors.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on physical, nutritional, psychosocial life and work aspects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rasheed Zafar , AlKhowailed Mohammad S. , Shariq Ali , Salem Tarek , Alkhamiss Abdullah S. , Aldoubiab Rayan K. , Alghammas Ali F. , Alshammari Ahmed M. , Alsalhi Abdulmonem A. , Alharbi Abdulaziz Z. , Alshammari Saif M. , Alnassar Mohammed A. , Alduraibi Sharifa K , Alharbi Sami , Al Abdulmonem Waleed 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health disaster imposing a nationwide lockdown. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on physical, nutritional, psychosocial life, and work aspects on the population of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
Data collection was based on the fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and was analyzed by the Likert-type scale. A total of 2828 individuals participated during their COVID-19 quarantine. The data were collected during June 10–17, 2020 using the psychosocial FCV-19S.

Results:
COVID-19 quarantine was negatively correlated with the physical, nutritional, psychosocial life and work aspects of the Saudi Arabia’s population (P < 0.05). As a result of the correlation analysis, gender, sociodemographic status and having a family member dying of COVID-19, marital status (single), monthly income (<3000) and occupation (student), and lost a job or businesses were significantly associated with fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the participants reported a reduction in their physical activity by 59%, whereas 26.5% of participants showed an increase of body weight. Moreover, 23% of participants lost their jobs during the pandemic.

Conclusions:
The lockdown period was associated with an increase in the COVID-19 fear score. The degree FCV-19S was varied in different categories in several aspects. Low levels of physical activity and weight gained were observed during the lockdown period.
Screening for respiratory morbidities and obstructive lung function among municipal waste handlers in Puducherry: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Venkataraman Surendran , Suguna A , Surekha A , Sree Priyankha R. S 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Waste management is a societal problem because of its environmental impact and public health implications. Solid waste handlers have a high incidence of occupational health issues, with respiratory morbidities being the most common. Aim: To assess the prevalence of respiratory morbidities, obstructive lung pattern and its associated factors among municipal solid waste management workers in Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in May and June 2018 among 264 solid waste management workers selected by simple random sampling. They underwent a semi-structured interview schedule capturing their sociodemographic characteristics, work profile, presence of respiratory symptoms, and morbidities followed by lung function tests using a portable spirometer. The data was entered using Epidata entry client and analyzed using SPSS (v16).

Results:
The mean age of the workers was 47.1 (±8.87) years. The majority were females (85.6%), working as waste collectors (86%) on day duty (73.5%). More than two in five workers had either respiratory morbidity (42.8%) or obstructive lung pattern (44%). Higher age, occupation as waste collector, night shift duty, not using face mask on duty, and not receiving training on waste handling were the factors significantly associated with the respiratory morbidities and obstructive lung function.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of respiratory morbidities and obstructive lung disease were high among municipal solid waste handlers. Measures are needed to improve the work environment of waste handlers by ensuring the availability of protective gears and adequate training on work handling based on ergonomic principles.
Affordable aesthetic management for a patient from low income strata to improve social well-being: A case report
Authors: Anusha K. S. , Chinnan Ravindranath , Ahmed Shakir , Natarajan Shanmuganathan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Aesthetic correction involves a holistic approach which considers the oral cavity as a whole by the norms of the treatment. Aesthetics enhance the facial profile and also the smile line of the patient which improves the quality of life of a patient enabling them to a better socioeconomic status. Smile correction of a patient paves the path for a systematic approach to the treatment and also imparts an improved level of confidence which leads to new opportunities both in the personal and professional field. AeEsthetic correction provides challenging aspects concerning patient satisfaction and functional demands. This is the most affordable treatment for patients’ who are not financially sound in developing countries like India. The other treatment modalities such as Veneers or All-ceramic crowns are aesthetically pleasing but are quite expensive for people in the lower income strata. Due to this, direct composite treatment is very economical and it also improves the patient’s overall confidence and it helps them to socialise well and carry out their daily routine activities without any hindrance and difficulty.

Case Report:
This case report deals with the esthetic correction of midline diastema and spacing in the maxillary and mandibular anterior region. Conclusion: Aesthetic correction involves meticulous treatment planning to revive the essence of lost beauty as well as improve the functional aspect for the patient.

Conclusion:
Aesthetic correction involves meticulous treatment planning to revive the essence of lost beauty as well as improve the functional aspect for the patient.
Evaluation of 0.25% Bupivacaine vs. 0.375% Ropivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia using Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Caesarean Section
Authors: Puchakala Damodar , Joshi Vidya Sagar , Bhardwaj Avanish 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Pain after Caesarean section is described as moderate to severe by most patients. Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is now increasingly being used for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries. Hence this study was undertaken to compare 0.25% Bupivacaine with 0.375% Ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia using TAP block in caesarean section.

Methods:
Seventy patients were randomized into Group B (n = 35) and Group R (n = 35). TAP block was administered after completion of surgery under ultrasound guidance using 15 mL of 0.25% Bupivacaine in Group B and 15 mL of 0.375% Ropivacaine in Group R on each side of the abdomen. Time to requirement of first analgesic dosage was observed in both the groups. Total analgesic requirement in the first 24 h, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h, patient satisfaction and complications were also noted.

Results:
Mean time for the first dose of rescue analgesia after completion of surgery was 298.2 ± 93.6 min in Group B and 447.6 ± 85.2 min in Group R (P = 0.0001). Total requirement of Diclofenac Sodium injection was 162.86 ± 46.88 mg in Group B whereas it was only 130.71 ± 44.49 mg in Group R (P = 0.003). VAS at 4,6 and 8 h after surgery were significantly lower in the Ropivacaine group.

Conclusion:
0.375% Ropivacaine provided longer duration of analgesia and resulted in lesser analgesic requirement than 0.25% Bupivacaine when used in TAP block after caesarean section.
Lung Involvement in COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women and Their Outcomes – A Clinical and Imaging Based Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Venkataraman Mangal S. , Basker N. , Prakash Lakshmi 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
COVID-19 has been a globally concerning pandemic affecting more than 20 million people worldwide. Due to physiological and anatomical changes, pregnant women are more susceptible to viral respiratory infections. Although the clinical and radiological features of COVID positive pregnant and non-pregnant women are comparable, literature pertaining to the clinical presentation and the outcomes in COVID positive pregnant women are being researched upon.

Aims and Objectives:
The main objective is to assess the lung involvement in COVID-19 positive pregnant women based on their clinical presentation and CT imaging features. The secondary aim is to study their clinical outcomes based on the above findings.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study carried out on COVID-19 positive pregnant women admitted to our hospital over 6 months (from May 2020 to October 2020). The collected data were analyzed with IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 Version.

Results:
There were a total of 480 COVID positive antenatal women detected Out of 480 patients 75.8% (364) were asymptomatic, one hundred and two patients (21.3%) presented with mild symptoms such as fever, dry cough, runny nose, loss of taste/smell without any breathing difficulty. Fourteen patients (2.9%) were identified in the moderate to severe symptomatic category with lung involvement with a 95% Confidence Intervals between 1.41 and 4.42. Three patients sustained mortality, the overall Mortality rate being 0.6%.

Conclusion:
The majority of the COVID positive antenatal women are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms as detected from this study. Only a small proportion (2.9%) were identified with respiratory compromise. Although their infectivity rate is quite high, 99.4% of the population were cured and discharged.
Comparison of Intravenous Infusion Versus Bolus Dose of Oxytocin in Elective Caesarean Delivery
Authors: Badheka Jigisha P. , Oza Vrinda P. , Manat Nitin S. , Patel Mayur B. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Oxytocin (OT) is routinely administered during caesarean delivery to prevent and treat postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The common adverse effects of intravenous OT are tachycardia, hypotension, chest pain, Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, nausea and vomiting. We aimed to compare the uterine contractility, haemodynamic changes, need for other uterotonics and adverse effects by comparing the intravenous bolus dose versus infusion dose of OT while retaining its benefits.

Methods:
Sixty patients undergoing elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised to receive OT 3 IU as a bolus (repeat 3 IU at an interval of 3 min) in group B (Bolus) or as an infusion 1 IU per minute in group I (infusion). The uterine tone was assessed by a blinded obstetrician as either adequate or inadequate. The intraoperative heart rate, blood pressure, blood loss and any other adverse events were recorded.

Results:
The adequacy of uterine tone was more sustained and the requirement of other uterotonics was less in group I. The heart rate increased to 20–25 beats/min at 3–5 min in group B and 8–10 beats/min at 2–4 mins and reached the baseline at 8–9 min in group B as well as in group I. Also, a significant fall in the mean blood pressure was observed at 3–5 min in group B. The ECG changes (ST-T changes) were more common in group B compared to group I. There was no significant difference in the estimated blood loss between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The infusion dose of OT provides more haemodynamic stability, better uterine tone and fewer adverse effects compared to the bolus dose.