bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study of Biodegradation of Cigarette Filters and Bidi Butts
Authors: Parida Sudesna , Prabhu Santhosh , Dinesh Tarur Konikkaledom , Tyagi Kamal Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by living microbial organisms. With the advancement in analytical techniques, standard methods have been developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), eliminating the ambiguity associated with biodegradation testing for several materials. There is no data available on biodegradation of cigarette filters that follows a standardized and validated ISO method.
The objective of this study is to understand the biodegradation of conventional and non-conventional cellulose acetate (CA) Cigarette Filters, Infused Paper Filter (IP), and Combined Material Filter (CMF), Condensed Tobacco End Filter (CTEC) and bidi butts. In this study, cigarettes and bidis were smoked on a smoking machine following the standard ISO 3308 for cigarettes and the standard ISO 17175 for bidis. After smoking, cigarette filters and bidi butts were subjected to biodegradation testing, adopting the standard ISO 14855-1.
The study demonstrated 92.1% biodegradation in 151 days for cellulose acetate cigarette filters, 91.9% biodegradation in 97 days for DE-TowTM (Cellulose acetate with additives) filters, 96.2% biodegradation in 86 days for CMF, 93.4% biodegradation in 55 days for paper filters, 92.1% biodegradation in 54 days for bidi butts, and 95.3% biodegradation in 37 days for CTEC filters were recorded. This study provided an unbiased proof that the cigarette filters made of cellulose acetate are biodegradable as per the standard ISO 14855-1. Also, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis was carried out on the smoked cigarette filters of Cellulose acetate, DE-TowTM and CMF as well as their resulting compost to detect any cellulose acetate remaining in the final compost. The GPC analysis indicated cellulose acetate peaks in smoked cigarette filters of cellulose acetate, DE-TowTM and CMF samples, whereas no cellulose acetate peak was observed in resulting compost samples. Hence it is concluded that cellulose acetate is not present in any of the resulting composts of cellulose acetate filters, DE-TowTM filters and CMF samples.
It is inferred from the results that cigarette filters and bidi butts chosen for the study have achieved the criteria of more than 90% biodegradation, which is well within the specified criteria of 180 days.
This article will be beneficial for entire scientific community, regulators as well as manufacturers in understanding the biodegradability of cigarette filters.
Corona virus disease 2019-associated liver injury in cold regions
Authors: Tang Shima , Zhang Fen , Liu Qiuhong , Li Lanjuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global health and economic crisis. Our studies uncovered that in addition to respiratory symptoms, liver damage is also common in COVID-19 patients; however, the cause of liver damage has not been fully elucidated. In this article, we summarize the clinical manifestations and pathological features of COVID-19 reported in published relevant studies and delineate the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19-related liver injury. We speculate that cold stimulation may be associated with COVID-19-related liver injury, which should be considered in clinical decision-making and treatment of COVID-19 in cold regions.
Bronchial inflammatory profile in interferon-gamma-mediated immune response in asthma patients during airway response to cold stimulus
Authors: Perelman Juliy M. , Pirogov Aleksey B. , Prikhodko Anna G. , Kolosov Victor P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the inflammatory pattern and the interferon (IFN)-γ in the bronchial secretion of asthma patients in response to acute cold bronchoprovocation.

Material and methods
We enrolled 42 patients with asthma. We assessed asthma by Asthma Control Test, the lung function by spirometry before and after the bronchodilator test, followed by collecting induced sputum. The next day, we collected exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and conducted a 3-minute isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (IHCA), followed by collecting spontaneously produced sputum.

Results
Group 1 included 20 patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR), and group 2 included 22 patients without CAHR. In both groups, a high level of neutrophils in bronchial secretion was observed before and after IHCA. In response to IHCA, the number of epitheliocytes in the sputum decreased to a greater extent in patients of group 1. The baseline epitheliocytes and the concentration of IFN-γ after IHCA had an inverse relationship (r = −0.60; P = 0.017). The baseline IFN-γ in EBC before and after IHCA was lower in group 1. Airway response to cold exposure directly correlated with IFN-γ levels after IHCA (Rs = 0.42; P = 0.014).

Conclusion
In asthma patients with CAHR, there is a relationship between the persistence of mixed inflammation and the level of IFN-γ in the bronchi. IFN-γ in response to IHCA is decreased with increased cytokine utilization during cold bronchospasm, which is accompanied by the mobilization of neutrophils and the shift in the cytokine spectrum of the respiratory tract towards the T helper cells (Th) 1 immune response.
Electrocardiogram abnormalities and higher body mass index as clinically applicable factors for predicting poor outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Sun Zhidan , Hou Yan , Zhang Zheng , Cai Benzhi , Li Jinliang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have high resource utilization. Identifying the causes of severe COVID-19 is helpful for early intervention to reduce the consumption of medical resources.

Methods
We included 103 patients with COVID-19 in this single-center observational study. To evaluate the incidence, predictors, and effects of COVID-19, we analyzed demographic information, laboratory results, comorbidities, and vital signs as factors for association with severe COVID-19.

Results
The incidence of severe COVID-19 was 16.5% and the percent poor outcome (including mortality, entering in ICU or transferred to a superior hospital) was 6.8%. The majority of severe COVID-19 patients had abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) (82.35%), hypertension (76.47%) and other cardiac diseases (58.82%). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of severe illness. Abnormal body mass index (BMI) and ECG (P < 0.05) were independent predictors of severe COVID-19. ECG abnormality was associated with increased odds of poor outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC], 0.793; P = 0.010) and severe COVID-19 (AUC, 0.807; P < 0.0001). Overweight was also associated with increased odds of poor outcome (AUC, 0.728; P = 0.045) and severe illness COVID-19 (AUC, 0.816; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Overweight and electrophysiological disorders on admission are important predictors of prognosis of patients with COVID-19.
Relational components in the use of digital devices and apps: Mapping media appropriation processes among older adults in Sweden
Authors: Martínez Carolina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since access to and use of digital devices and applications often become more challenging with age, it is important to study how media appropriation processes unfold later in life. The present article contributes to existing research by applying the concept of transaction – developed within relational sociology – to study digital media appropriation. Using this concept, I focus on how older adults’ relations with various actors (known others, distant others, and non-human transactors) fuel the appropriation of digital devices and apps. Drawing on interviews with 22 older adults (70–94 years of age), I identify four types of appropriation processes. This shows the diversity of ways in which digital devices and apps enter the lives of older adults and the diversity of agentic roles in media appropriation. The results also reveal how a sense of coercion in media appropriation was present among the older adults, especially in relation to their children.
News consumption repertoires among Finnish adolescents: Moderate digital traditionalists, minimalist social media stumblers, and frequent omnivores
Authors: Sormanen Niina , Rantala Eero , Lonkila Markku , Wilska Terhi-Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Young people are perceived as heavy consumers of social media and less avid consumers of news. That notion, however, deserves nuance: Many factors, such as the national context, media system, trust in news, intentionally or incidentally encountering news from different sources, and interest in politics, influence how young people consume news. This study explores news consumption among Finnish adolescents through a representative survey of 15–19-year-olds. We seek to answer two research questions: What are the news repertoires of Finnish adolescents? And what factors predict different news repertoires? Latent profile analysis reveals three distinct news repertoires: 1) moderate digital traditionalists, the largest group, embracing traditional news in digital form; 2) minimalist social media stumblers, the second-largest group, tending to consume news infrequently through passive social media encounters and lacking credible information; and 3) a quite large number of frequent news omnivores, taking an interest in diverse news forms and actively seeking them.
Establishing the cut-offs of leaky gut syndrome diagnostic: where are we now?
Authors: Rodina Jekaterina , Derovs Aleksejs 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucosa forms a surface that interacts with many external factors. Beside the digestion and absorption of nutrients, it also acts as a barrier to allergens, pathogens, and toxins. Leaky gut syndrome is defined as a gut mucosal barrier dysfunction, which results in abnormally increased intestinal permeability. Research shows that leaky gut syndrome (LGS) has a pathogenetic relationship with a series of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. This review discusses the current understanding of intestinal barrier composition and pathological contribution of LGS to various diseases. The major aim of this paper is to review different methods for diagnostics and evaluation of intestinal wall permeability, identifying their priorities and disadvantages.
Role of stenting in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: multiple challenges of the current approach
Authors: Kondratishko Ekaterina , Tjurina Dace , Bekers-Ancipolovskis Mihails , Derovs Aleksejs 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The standard procedure for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) employs routine stenting during the operation. According to different sources, the overall stent indwelling time ranges from six weeks to six months or even longer. Placement of a stent promotes rhinostoma formation and prevents stenosis. Since the introduction of this technique, many studies have been conducted to assess the results of DCR with and without the use of stents, the stent material, as well as the time period after which the stents were removed. This review discusses the relevant literature on stenting in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy, which was available in PubMed over the last ten years. Equally good endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (enDCR) results have been obtained for patients with and without a stent. However, the use of stents is sometimes associated with multiple additional complications: formation of granulations at an earlier postoperative period, infection of the lacrimal drainage system, and canalicular laceration. The use of Mitomycin C, topical steroids, antibiotics, and silver nitrate has a different impact on reducing the occurrence of these complications. Further studies are needed to develop more accurate indications for the use of stents during enDCR, as well as the timing of their removal, and the use of adjunctive topical medication.
Quality of life after hiatal hernia repair with biosynthetic mesh PhasixTM
Authors: Juško Marika , Ivanovs Igors 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hiatal hernias are one of the most common types of hernia, which are found in 55–60% patients over 50 years, but only 9% are symptomatic. In most cases hiatal hernia manifests with the signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is managed with lifestyle changes and proton pump inhibitors. In some cases, surgical therapy is indicated. Usually, surgical repair includes cruroplasty and fundoplication; however, the recurrence rate is up to 42%. Mesh reinforcement helps to decrease recurrence rate, but may lead to a development of visceral adhesions, erosions, mesh migration or infection. To avoid these complications, a new completely resorbable mesh PhasixTM is offered in the market. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL), complications, and patient satisfaction after large hiatal hernia repair with PhasixTM mesh at 1-year follow-up. All the patients were satisfied with the surgery. The median GERD Health Related QoL index was 6.5 points, which is significantly less than before surgery — 29.5 points (p = 0.04). There were no mesh related complications and no clinical data of recurrence. Hiatal hernia repair with slowly resorbable biosynthetic mesh PhasixTM has acceptable results in terms of GERD Health Related QoL, complications and patient satisfaction at one-year follow-up.
Comparison of nice classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps and morphology of removed lesions depending on localisation in colon
Authors: Vilkoite Ilona , Mežmale Linda , Tolmanis Ivars , Meri Hosams Abu , Veide Laura , Dzērve Zane , Anarkulova Linda , Nevidovska Kristīne , Lejnieks Aivars 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The narrow-band imaging (NBI) International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification is based on narrow-band pictures of colon polyps viewed through a narrow-band spectrum. The categorisation utilises staining, surface structure, and vascular patterns to differentiate between hyperplastic and adenomatous colon polyps. It is known that accuracy of the NICE classification for colorectal polyps varies depending on the localisation in the colon.The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification and the gold standard — morphological analysis for the determination of the type of colorectal lesions depending on localisation in colon. A prospective study was performed in an outpatient clinic. 1214 colonoscopies were performed by two expert endoscopists and 475 polyps were found in 291 patients. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification was 80.3%. Optical verification was better in ascending colon — 93.9%, followed by sigmoid colon — 82.1%. Inferior results were found for the descending colon — 64.0%. The results of this study showed that the NICE classification could be a helpful instrument in daily practice for the ascending and sigmoid colon. For better results, proper training should be considered. The NICE system could have a role in the replacement of morphological analysis if appropriate results of verification could be achieved.
Rar liver tumour — epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: a case report
Authors: Laivacuma Sniedze , Zeltiņa Indra , Derovs Aleksejs , Norko Andris , Isajevs Sergejs , Makejeva Karīna , Drenth Joost PH 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular soft tissue malignant tumour with unknown etiology; the estimated prevalence of EHE is less than one in 1 million. A 56-year-old man was admitted in our department due to pain in the right side of the abdomen lasting for two years and weight loss up to 10 kg. Since 2012, the patient underwent lung and abdominal CT scanning as well as biopsy, however the diagnosis was challenging. In 2015, repeated abdominal CT scanning and a liver core biopsy was performed. The epithelioid haemangioendothelioma was diagnosed based by histopathological examination with subsequent radiological and clinical correlation. Therefore, accurate histopathological examination with radiological and clinical correlation is essential in the diagnosis of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma.
Fatal peritonitis — causes, contributing factors and diagnostic challenges: an autopsy cases study
Authors: Lindholm Marie , Franckeviča Ivanda , Derovs Aleksejs , Dabužinskiene Anita , Kleina Regīna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gallbladder diseases plays a significant role in the complicated non-traumatic peritonitis. The aim of the study was to analyse the causes of fatal peritonitis, and contributing factors to mortality and diagnostic discrepancies. A retrospective study of 52 peritonitis cases from selected 1350 autopsy records in three years was done. We analysed age, sex, length of hospital stays, clinical and pathological diagnosis, complications, comorbidities, laboratory values and diagnostic discrepancies. The results were statistically assessed by Excel and IBM SPSS® Statistics version 26. The most common causes of fatal peritonitis were non-oncological gastrointestinal pathologies (26%), malignancies (23%), pancreas and gallbladder (16%), HIV related (10%), vascular (7%) and other diseases (18%). Mean age of patients at death was 65 years. 61. 4% were males. Median hospitalisation time was two days. Six patients died outside the hospital. In 17.4% cases misdiagnoses were found. Common situations when misdiagnoses had occurred were intestinal ischaemia, malignancies of various origins and perforation of peptic ulcer. Fatal peritonitis was determined by the patient’s delayed hospitalisation with untreated oncological and non-oncological diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity and multiple concomitant diseases. Other contributing factors included not visiting general practitioners and lack of adherence to patients themselves.
Petroleum source rock characteristics of the Mesozoic units, Mekelle Basin, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Adefris Damenu , Nton M.E. , Boboye O.A. , Atnafu Balemwal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract in English
The Mekelle Basin comprises carbonate and siliciclastic rocks which could have potential for petroleum as previous studies reported without enough evidence. This research is intended to assess source rock characteristics of selected samples from the Adigrat Sandstone, Antalo Limestone and Agula Shale. Four outcrop sections were investigated and fifteen limestone and shale samples were collected. TOC was deduced by Leco SC-632 carbon analyzer, and Rock-Eval pyrolysis was determined using Rock-Eval 6. The TOC values range from 0.11 wt.% to 0.42 wt % for 80% of the samples which is less than the minimum requirements for source rocks. However, a few samples have TOC between 0.5 wt % and 1.0 wt %, indicating fair organic matter richness. The kerogen is mainly Type IV and inert. The S1 (0–0.02 mgHC/g) and S2 (0–0.07 mgHC/g) values are very low, with very high Tmax (475–527 °C), indicating very poor potential with over-mature dry gas. Therefore, the analyzed samples have low organic content for hydrocarbon, implying that the studied units have no feasible source rock potential.
An analytical model to predict water retention curves for granular materials using the grain-size distribution curve
Authors: Bouacida Linda , Feia Sadok , Denine Sid Ali , Della Noureddine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present work aims to propose a new analytical model intended to predict the water retention curves for granular materials based on data from tensiometric tests. Different analytical models have been used for the evaluation of soil water retention curves so far. It should be noted that the proposed model considers only one criterion in the selection of soils. This criterion is the physical property of particle distribution curve that can be used to determine the values of D50
and CU
. In this study, the pore-access size distribution is investigated considering the effect of the coefficient of uniformity of sandy soils that were prepared with different density indexes (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9). Moreover, the proposed model equation is based on the physical properties of soil. This equation made it possible to describe the water retention curve and to estimate the pore-access size distribution without performing any experimental tests. The findings allowed asserting that the uniformity of the particle size curves corresponds to a good uniformity of the pore-access size distribution. In addition, it was revealed that the suction increased as the density index went up, which matches well with the experimental data. Moreover, it may clearly be noted that the distinctive retention properties of unsaturated soils can be observed on the abovementioned curves. Further, it was found that the ratio of the grain size over the pore-access size increased as the uniformity coefficient augmented.
Preposisi dalam Hikayat Raja Handak
Authors: Zulfa Zulfa , Nadra Nadra , Noviatri Noviatri 
Published: December 2022

Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan linguistik dalam bidang kajian Sintaksis. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bentuk-bentuk preposisi yang digunakan dalam Hikayat Raja Handak dan mendeskripsikan makna masing-masing bentuk preposisi yang ditemukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyediaan data adalah metode simak dan teknik dasar yang digunakan adalah teknik sadap, serta teknik lanjutan yang digunakan adalah teknik sadap bebas libat cakap. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data adalah metode agih dengan teknik bagi unsur langsung sebagai teknik dasar dan teknik baca markah sebagaiÂ Â Â teknik lanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyajian hasil analisis data adalah metode informal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data terhadap penggunaan preposisi dalam Hikayat Raja Handak, ditemukan bentuk-bentuk preposisi dan makna preposisi. Bentuk-bentuk preposisi yang ditemukan adalah bentuk preposisi tunggal dan bentuk preposisi majemuk. Contoh preposisi tunggal adalah preposisi ke, preposisi di, preposisi dari, preposisi oleh, preposisi dengan, dan preposisi pada. Contoh preposisi majemuk adalah preposisi kepada dan preposisi daripada. Makna preposisi daripada adalah menyatakan perlawanan, menyatakan sebab, dan menyatakan asal atau sumber. Makna preposisi dengan adalah kesertaan dan cara. Makna preposisi ke adalah Â Â tempat dengan kondisi arah. Makna preposisi kepada adalah tujuan. Makna preposisi di adalah tempat dengan kondisi letak. Makna preposisi pada adalah tempat dengan kondisi letak. Makna preposisi oleh adalah pelaku. Makna preposisi dari adalah Â asal atau sumber.
KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH AKU DALAM NOVEL TELEGRAM KARYA PUTU WIJAYA: TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Zamora Arinda Camelily , Syafril Syafril , Adilla Ivan 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi untuk menemukan kepribadian tokoh Aku menggunakan analisis teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, untuk mengetahui penyebab tokoh Aku mengalami gangguan pada kepribadiannya, dan juga untuk mengetahui dugaan gangguan yang terjadi pada tokoh Aku dalam novel Telegram karya Putu Wijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan Psikologi Sastra, dengan teori Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik pengumpulanÂ data. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik baca dan teknik catat.Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa tokoh Aku memiliki kepribadian suka menghayal dan memiliki gangguan kecemasan neurotik yang disebabkan lemahnya ego yang dimiliki dan id yang cenderung mendominasi. Gangguan kecemasan neurotik yang diderita oleh tokoh Aku disebabkan karena ia tidak dapat berfikir dengan jelas, sehingga ia sulit membedakan antara realita dengan khayalan. Maka sebab itulah fungsi ego sebagai pengambil kepurtusan menjadi lemah karena kebingungan yang diderita akibat terlalu sering menghayal.