bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive identification and characterization of HERV-K (HML-9) group in the human genome
Authors: Li Lin , Jia Lei , Liu Mengying , Li Hanping , Liu Yongjian , Han Jingwan , Zhai Xiuli , Wang Xiaolin , Li Tianyi , Li Jingyun , Zhang Bohan , Yu Changyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) result from ancestral infections by exogenous retroviruses that became incorporated into germ-line DNA and evolutionary fixed in the human genome. HERVs could vertically transmit in a Mendelian fashion and stable maintenance in the human genome which are estimated to comprise about 8%. HERV-K (HML1-10) transcription has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of diseases, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the poorly characterization of HML-9 hinders a detailed understanding of the expression regulation of this family in human health and its actual impact on host genomes. In the light of this, the definition of a precise and updated HERV-K HML-9 genomic map is urgently needed. Results: We report a comprehensive analysis of HERV-K HML-9 sequences presence and distribution within the human genome, with a detailed description of the different structural and phylogenetic aspects characterizing the group. A total of 23 proviruses and 47 solo LTR elements were characterized with a detailed description of provirus structure, integration time, potentially regulated genes, transcription factor binding sites, and primer binding site features. The integration time results showed that the HML-9 elements found in the human genome have been integrated into the primate lineage between 37.5 and 151.5 million years ago (mya).Conclusion: The results have finally clarified the composition of HML-9, providing an exhaustive background for subsequent functional studies.
Probing inter- mixed transgranular stress corrosion cracking under the high load
Authors: Zhu Longkui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of non-sensitized austenitic stainless steel during immersion of MgCl2 solutions was investigated by X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. SCC cracks propagated transgranularly at the initial stage, and switched to the IGSCC mode under the nominal stress of 120 MPa. No dimples were present on the SCC fractography, but numerous cleavage facets, slip bands and pits emerged. The cohesive zone appeared ahead of the crack tip. It is indicated that the high-load SCC also coincides with the cleavage dissolution mechanism, predominantly originating from the corrosive environment particle assisted cleavage and the obstacle induced dislocation pinning.
Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Methylation Levels in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Hilser James R. , Hartiala Jaana A. , Sripras Intira , Kono Naoko , Cai Zhiheng , Karim Roksana , Deyoung Joseph , Mack Wendy J. , Hodis Howard N. , Allayee Hooman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women but standard primary prevention strategies in women are not as effective as in men. By comparison, the Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE) trial studies demonstrated that hormone therapy (HT) was associated with significant reduction in atherosclerosis progression in women who were within six years of menopause compared to those who were 10 or more years from menopause. These findings are consistent with other studies showing significant reductions in all-cause mortality and CVD with HT, particularly when initiated in women younger than 60 years of age or within 10 years since menopause. To explore the biological mechanisms underlying the age-related atheroprotective effects of HT, we investigated changes in methylation of blood cells of postmenopausal women who participated in ELITE. Results. We first validated the epigenetic data generated from blood leukocytes of ELITE participants by replicating previously known associations between smoking and methylation levels at previously identified CpG sites, such as cg05575921 at the AHRR locus. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) evaluating changes in methylation through interactions with time-since-menopause and HT revealed two significantly associated CpG sites on chromosomes 12 (cg19552895; p=1.1x10-9) and 19 (cg18515510; p=2.4x10-8). Specifically, HT resulted in modest, but significant, increases in methylation levels at both CpGs but only in women who were 10 or more years since menopause and randomized to HT. Changes in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) from baseline to 36 months after HT were not significantly correlated with changes in methylation levels at either cg19552895 or cg18515510. Evaluation of other previously identified CpG sites at which methylation levels in either blood or vascular tissue were associated with atherosclerosis also did not reveal any differences in methylation as a function of HT and time-since-menopause or with changes in CIMT.Conclusions. We identified specific methylation differences in blood in response to HT among women who were 10 or more years since menopause. The functional consequence of these change with respect to atherosclerosis progression and protective effects of HT remains to be determined and will require additional studies.
Seasonal distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai, China
Authors: Yang Fan , Ma Li , Gou Jing-min , Yao Hui-zhong , Ren Mei , Yang Bing-ke , Lin Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause important intestinal diseases in ruminants. However, data on the distribution of these three protozoan pathogens in Tibetan sheep are limited. Methods: In this study, 761 fecal samples were collected from Tibetan sheep across four seasons in Qinghai Province, China, and screened for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi using PCR-based sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA, triosephosphate isomerase, and internal transcribed spacer genes, respectively.Results: The positivity rates of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in Tibetan sheep were 3.68% (28/761), 1.58% (12/761), and 6.44% (49/761), respectively. For Cryptosporidium, four species, namely, C. xiaoi (n = 13), C. ubiquitum (n = 8), C. bovis (n = 6), and C. ryanae (n = 1), were identified. Two G. duodenalis assemblages, namely, A (n = 2) and E (n = 10), were recognized. Five zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes, namely, BEB6 (n = 21), COS-I (n = 14), CHS3 (n = 11), and CGS1 (n = 2) from Group 2, and PIGEBITS5 from Group 1, were found. Moreover, geographic differences for the distribution of E. bieneusi, and seasonal differences for all the three protozoan pathogens were observed.Conclusions: Our results elucidate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these three pathogens in different regions and seasons in Tibetan sheep, including zoonotic pathogens such as C. ubiquitum, C. ryanae, G. duodenalis assemblage A, and five genotypes of E. bieneusi.
Sleep duration and brain structure – phenotypic associations and genotypic covariance
Authors: Fjell Anders , Sørensen Øystein , Wang Yunpeng , Amlien Inge , Baaré William , Bartres-Faz David , Bertram Lars , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Brandmaier Andreas , Demuth Ilja , Drevon Christian , Ebmeier Klaus , Ghisletta Paolo , Kievit Rogier , Kuehn Simone , Madsen Kathrine , Mowinckel Athanasia , Nyberg Lars , Sexton Claire , Solé-Padullés Cristina , Vidal-Pineiro Didac , Wagner Gerd , Watne Leiv , Walhovd Kristine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The question of how much sleep is best for the brain attracts scientific and public interest, and there is concern that insuficient sleep leads to poorer brain health. However, it is unknown how much sleep is sufficient and how much is too much. We analyzed 51,295 brain magnetic resonnance images from 47,039 participants, and calculated the self-reported sleep duration associated with the largest regional volumes and smallest ventricles relative to intracranial volume (ICV) and thickest cortex. 6.8 hours of sleep was associated with the most favorable brain outcome overall. Critical values, defined by 95% confidence intervals, were 5.7 and 7.9 hours. There was regional variation, with for instance the hippocampus showing largest volume at 6.3 hours. Moderately long sleep (> 8 hours) was more strongly associated with smaller relative volumes, thinner cortex and larger ventricles than even very short sleep (< 5 hours), but effect sizes were modest. People with larger ICV reported longer sleep (7.5 hours), so not correcting for ICV yielded longer durations associated with maximal volume. Controlling for socioeconomic status, body mass index and depression symptoms did not alter the associations. Genetic analyses showed that genes related to longer sleep in short sleepers were related to shorter sleep in long sleepers. This may indicate a genetically controlled homeostatic regulation of sleep duration. Mendelian randomization analyses did not suggest sleep duration to have a causal impact on brain structure in the analyzed datasets. The findings challenge the notion that habitual short sleep is negatively related to brain structure.
Cognitive and Social Experiences and Support-seeking among Individuals engaging in Non- suicidal Self-injury
Authors: Roychowdhury Yudhajit , K Jayasankara Reddy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study explores the cognitive and social experiences that underlie non-suicidal self-injurious behavior as well as attempts to understand how individuals seek support after harming themselves. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five young adults who had engaged in some form of self-harm in the past six months. The cognitive experiences provided a greater insight into the inner functioning of the individuals while the social experiences provided evidence of how the environment influences self-harming behaviors. There is also a great variety of support-seeking behaviors.
Optimizing Self-Pollinated Crop Breeding Employing Genomic Selection: from Schemes to Updating Training Sets
Authors: Sabadin Felipe , DoVale Julio César , Platten John , Fritsche-Neto Roberto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Long-term breeding schemes employing genomic selection (GS) can boost the response to selection per year. Although several studies show that GS delivers a higher response to selection, only a few analyze the best strategy to employ it, specifically how often and in what manner the training set (TS) should be updated. Therefore, we used stochastic simulation to compare in a long-term breeding program of a hypothetical self-pollinated crop five different strategies to implement GS in the line fixation stage and four methods and sizes to update the TS. Moreover, regarding breeding schemes, we proposed a new approach using GS to select the best individuals in each F2 progeny, based on genomic estimated breeding values and genetic divergence, to cross them and generate a new recombination event. Finally, we compared these schemes to the traditional phenotypic selection and drift. Our results showed that the best scenario was using GS in F2 followed by the phenotypic selection of new parentals in F4. Furthermore, adding a new set of data every cycle (over 768) to update the TS maintains the prediction accuracy at satisfactory levels for many more generations. However, only the last three generations can be kept in the TS, optimizing the genetic relationship between TS and the targeted population and reducing the computing demand and risks. Hence, we believe that these results may help breeders optimize GS in their programs and improve genetic gain in long-term schemes.
Optical Phase Shifter Design for Single and Multi-Mode Waveguide Configurations
Authors: Wageeh Amr , Sabban Salwa El , Khalil Diaa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce simple design equations for optical phase shifter configurations on both single mode and multimode platforms. The design equations are based on approximate mathematical expressions describing the phase shift (difference) between two waveguides, one is considered as the reference guide and the second is considered as the phase shifter. Different layout geometrical configurations have been studied: the step width and the linear tapering waveguide. The validity of the design formula is tested using standard Beam Propagation Method BPM. The obtained results are in good agreement with numerical calculations and allow using these closed form expressions in the optical design of such phase shifters.
Advancements in Schiff Bases of 1H-Indole-2,3dione: A Versatile Heterocyclic Compound in Pharmacological Field
Authors: Mohanan Puzhavoorparmbil V. , Pradeep Savitha D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:Heterocyclic compounds have specific structural peculiarities, imparting immense applications in various fields. This study has explored the medicinal importance of a captive heterocyclic compound, 1H-Indole-2,3dione, commonly known as isatin. The flexibility in the structure of isatin makes it more innovative to have applications in the biological and analytical fields. In this minireview, we have discussed Schiff bases of isatin having activities, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, and also the importance of this compound in various fields based on the reports mainly focussed on the current and past couple of years.
Elemental Composition of Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rybd. Varieties
Authors: Goryacha Olga V. , Kovaleva Аlla М. , Raal Ain , Ilina Тetiana V. , Коshovyi Оleh M. , Shovkova Zoia V. 
Published: March 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study is to study the elemental composition of the leafy shoots, rhizomes, and roots of D. fruticosa varieties cultivated in Ukraine.

Background:

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rybd. (Rosaceae) is a species native to Middle Asia and the Far East. More than 130 D. fruticosa varieties are known; plants have a significant raw material base and are promising objects for phytochemical research. Data only on the elemental composition of the aboveground parts of the wild-grown D. fruticosa is present. No information on the elemental composition of the raw materials of cultivated D. fruticosa varieties is available.

Objective:
A comprehensive analysis of the elemental composition of Dasiphora fruticosa varieties and identification of the features of macro- and microelements translocation.

Methods:
For all D. fruticosa varieties, raw materials were taken from two plants with five replicates per plant. The elemental composition was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Using corresponding formulas, translocation factors of elements were determined, and a hygienic full-value of the raw materials was established.

Results:
In the studied raw materials, fourteen elements were identified and quantified. The translocation factors of potentially toxic elements Mo, Cu, Ni, and Sr indicate a capture of these elements in the root system and a presence of the barrier mechanisms preventing their accumulation in D. fruticosa varieties shoots.

Conclusion:
The results obtained show the presence of the barrier mechanisms preventing the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in aboveground parts of D. fruticosa varieties and justify a need for the study of those mechanisms.
ENHANCEMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY OF GLIPIZIDE USING SOLID DISPERSIONS WITH GUM AEGLE MARMELOS
Authors: MALLICK S. , MAHAPATRA A. K. , MURTHY P. N. , PATRA RUCHITA KUMARI 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of the proposed study was formulation and in vitro/ vivo evolution of solid dispersions of glipizide with gum Aegle marmelos.
Methods: The phase solubility of glipizide in 0.1N HCl was investigated in the presence of different concentrations of gum Aegle marmelos. The solid dispersions (SDs) of glipizide with gum Aegle marmelos were formulated using solvent evaporation method at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 (glipizide: gum Aegle marmelos). Dissolution studies were conducted. The physicochemical characterization of the formulations was performed by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, bioavailability of pure glipizide, solid dispersion and marketed product was performed in rat.
Results: Glipizide solubility increased as the concentration of gum Aegle marmelos in 0.1N HCl was raised. The solubility study indicates spontaneous drug solubilization, which is supported by negative values of Gibb's free energy (ΔGotr). Glipizide rate of dissolution was increased in SDs containing gum, and the rate increased as the concentration of gum in the SDs increases. After preparing SDs and physical mixtures with gum, the mean dissolution time (MDT) of glipizide decreases considerably. FTIR spectroscopy study revealed that stability and the absence of a well-defined glipizide-gum interaction. The amorphous condition of glipizide in SDs of glipizide with gum was revealed by DSC and XRD studies.
Conclusion: The DSC and XRD studies indicate conversion of drug from crystalline to microcrystalline or amorphous form after formulation of solid dispersion with Aegle gum. The solid dispersion of glipizide with Aegle gum (893.04±25.5) showed better therapeutic activity compared to pure glipizide (535.65±11.5) and marketed formulation (767.5±13.6).
PODCAST SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH ERA PANDEMI
Authors: Ariyanto Panji Putra 
Published: March 2022

This research wants to know the potential use of podcasts as providers of da'wah content. Da'wah is one of the mandatory processes of humans in living their lives. Da'wah activities will experience changes and adjustments along with the development of human life. Da'wah is everything that can be done at any time, place and condition including in the covid-19 pandemic. Podcasts become one of the alternative mediums of community or individual in spreading the treatises on Islamic values.Â This research usedÂ descriptive qualitative research method with literature study type. The conclusion of this research is that Podcasts are quite capable and suitable as a medium for disseminating da'wah with a note that they must develop relevant strategies that can improve their existences.
RESPONS PENYELENGGARA PERJALANAN IBADAH UMRAH TERHADAP LARANGAN MEMFASILITASI DANA TALANGAN DALAM PMA NO 8 TAHUN 2018
Authors: Nurdiawati Riskyi , Triatmo Agus Wahyu 
Published: March 2022

This researchÂ aims to analyze the policy of paying the hajj bailout funds carried out by means of a monthly scheme after the pilgrims return from the Holy Land. This is contrary to PMA No.8 of 2018Â which statesÂ that PPIU is prohibited from facilitating congregations using bailout funds. However, this is still being implemented by PPIU in Surakarta even though they are guided by PMA. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data sources were explored by interview and policy documentation. It was concluded that the PPIU response in Surakarta to PMA No. 8 of 2018 did not expect that there was a ban on facilitating congregations to useÂ theÂ bailout funds because PPIU provided all the same facilities and services as regular congregations. PPIU in increasing the number of congregants had made several programs, one of which was the bailout funds. The societyâ€™s interest in using the bailout funds reaches 50%. The bailout fundsÂ couldÂ help the middle and lower class economic community to carry out the Umrah pilgrimage. The bailout program was organized by a third party in the financial provider. The bailout fund was not part of the PPIU program so that it was considered not a problem because it was carried out openly and the Ministry of Religious AffairsÂ didÂ not carry out supervision from the start starting from the financing or PPIU. The lack of supervision by the Ministry of Religious AffairsÂ becameÂ a factor in the occurrence of violations.
INSTAGRAM, PANDEMI DAN PERAN INFLUENCER (Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Postingan Akun Instagram @najwashihab dan @jrxsid)
Authors: Zuhri Achmad 
Published: March 2022

The spread of information relatesÂ to Covid-19 on social media increasingly widespread causesÂ the government to use persuasive communication patterns.Â However, the communication strategiesÂ carried out by the government through influencers doÂ not fully receive support. The Instagram accounts of @najwashihab and @jrxsid are interesting to study because they have such a wide influence on the way the public views this pandemic. The construction of discourse developed by their Instagram content was analyzed. This study usedÂ critical discourse analysis method of text and documentation as well as content display analysis. It is found that these accounts haveÂ a variety of views in understanding the covid-19 phenomenon. Through textual analysis, social cognition,Â and social concepts initiated by Teun Van Dijk, these accounts incorporate the cognitive abilities in their posts. The @najwashihab account is much more acceptable than @jrxsid because its argument is in line with the narrative developed by the government. The language style used by @jrxsid shows a critical attitude towards policies that are pro to WHO. However, @jrxsidreceives more provocative comments from the followers than the @najwashihab account. In the same way, these accounts have similarities in their concern for the people affected by Covid-19. Both accounts have creativity in displaying content with an attractive visual style and have social responsibility.
ANALISA WORD OF MOUTH DAN TRUTH TERHADAP MINAT HAJI KHUSUS (Studi di Dewangga Lil Hajj Wal Umrah Surakarta)
Authors: Salma Nury , Yuliar Ade 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of word of mouth and trust towardsÂ the interest of pilgrims to register exclusiveÂ Hajj in Dewangga Lil Hajj Wal Umrah Surakarta. The dependent variable in this study isÂ the interest of pilgrimsÂ registering exclusiveÂ hajj. Meanwhile, the independent variables areÂ word of mouth and service trust. The population in this study includedÂ all pilgrims who have registered a specialÂ Hajj package. The sampleÂ was selected using the accidental sampling method and obtained 30 respondents. This studyÂ was a quantitative study using multiple linear regressions as an analysis technique. The results show that word of mouth has no significant effect onÂ the interest of pilgrims registering exclusiveÂ hajj. Furthermore, the truthÂ has a significant effect onÂ the readabilityÂ of pilgrims registering exclusiveÂ hajj.