bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Materials as Positive Electrodes in Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Popat Yaksh , Trudgeon David , Zhang Caiping , Walsh Frank C. , Connor Peter , Li Xiaohong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBromine based redox flow batteries (RFBs) can provide sustainable energy storage due to the abundance of bromine. Such devices pair Br2/Br− at the positive electrode with complementary redox couples at the negative electrode. Due to the highly corrosive nature of bromine, electrode materials need to be corrosion resistant and durable. The positive electrode requires good electrochemical activity and reversibility for the Br2/Br− couple. Carbon materials enjoy the advantages of low cost, excellent electrical conductivity, chemical resistance, wide operational potential ranges, modifiable surface properties, and high surface area. Here carbon based materials for bromine electrodes are reviewed, with a focus on application in zinc‐bromine, hydrogen‐bromine, and polysulphide‐bromine RFB systems, aiming to provide an overview of carbon materials to be used for design and development of bromine electrodes with improved performance. Aspects deserving further R&D are highlighted.
Metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability relate most strongly to health anxiety among US‐based non‐Latinx White primary care patients: Comparing strength of relations with US‐based non‐Latinx Black and Latinx primary care patients
Authors: Fergus Thomas A. , Wilder Kayla , Koester Paul , Kelley Lance P. , Griggs Jackson O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetacognitive beliefs have emerged as important to health anxiety, particularly beliefs that health‐related thoughts are uncontrollable. Preliminary research examining generalized worry indicates uncontrollability beliefs relate more strongly to anxiety among US‐based self‐identifying White relative to Black college students. The present study sought to extend that line of research by examining if metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability of health‐related thoughts differentially relate to health anxiety among self‐identifying non‐Latinx Black (n = 123), Latinx (n = 104) and non‐Latinx White (n = 80) US‐based primary care patients. As predicted, although positive associations were seen across all three groups, beliefs that health‐related thoughts are uncontrollable more strongly related to health anxiety among White patients compared to both Black and Latinx patients. Those differential relations held in multivariate analyses while statistically controlling for positive depression screening status, generalized anxiety symptom severity and medical morbidity. Although the effect size surrounding the differential relations was small in magnitude, the present results further support the notion that metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability relate less strongly to anxiety among US‐based ethnoracial minorities compared to White individuals. Potential reasons for the differential relations are discussed, along with additional areas for future research.
Identification of resistance for Phyllachora maydis of maize in exotic‐derived germplasm
Authors: Lipps Sarah , Smith Damon , Telenko Darcy , Paul Pierce , Kleczewski Nathan , Jamann Tiffany 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTar spot of maize (Zea mays L.), caused by the obligate biotroph Phyllachora maydis Maubl., is an emerging disease in the United States and Canada, and the identification of sources of resistance for tar spot will enable the development of resistant hybrids. In 2019 and 2020, 25 accessions from the germplasm enhancement of maize (GEM) project containing exotic introgressions in elite backgrounds were evaluated in nine environments for tar spot severity. Environmental conditions had a major influence on disease development, as tar spot severity varied across locations with only four of the nine locations showing moderate to high levels of disease. In five environments, disease levels were low and disease severity data was not collected or used. Accessions were visually evaluated for tar spot during reproductive growth stages in three environments and during vegetative growth stages in one environment. There was a strong correlation between resistance to P. maydis across locations where accessions were evaluated in reproductive growth stages. Two accessions, GEMS‐0066 and GEMS‐0226, were the most resistant and could prove useful for tar spot resistance breeding. These accessions are publicly available and able to be directly used in breeding programs.
Can single‐cell RNA sequencing reshape the clinical biochemistry of haematology? New clusters of circulating blood cells
Authors: Fang Hao , Zeng Yiming , Zhang Lianzhong , Chen Chengshui , Powell Charles A. , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractscRNA‐seq is on track for use as a routine measurement of clinical biochemistry and to assist in clinical decision‐making and guide the performance of molecular medicine, but there are still a large number of challenges to be overcome. In conclusion, scRNA‐seq‐based clusters and differentiations of circulating blood cells have been examined and informative in patients with various diseases, although the information generated from scRNA‐seq varies between different conditions, technologies and diseases. Most of the clinical studies published have focused on the landscape of circulating immune cells, disease‐specific patterns of new clusters, understanding of potential mechanisms, and potential correlation between cell clusters, differentiations, cell interactions and circulating and migrated cells. It is clear that the information from scRNA‐seq advances the understanding of the disease, identifies disease‐specific target panels and suggests new therapeutic strategies. The adaptation of scRNA‐seq as a routine clinical measurement will require standardisation and normalisation of scRNA‐seq‐based comprehensive information and validation in a large population of healthy and diseased patients. The integration of public databases on human circulating cell clusters and differentiations with application of artificial intelligent and computational science will accelerate the application of scRNA‐seq for clinical practice. Thus, we call special attention from scientists and clinicians to the clinical and translational discovery, validation and medicine opportunities of scRNA‐seq development.
Simulation and in vivo experimentation predict AdamTS‐A location of function during caudal visceral mesoderm migration in Drosophila
Authors: Hamilton William C. , Stolarska Magdalena A. , Ismat Afshan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) cells migrate as a loose collective along the trunk visceral mesoderm (TVM) and are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we examined how one extracellular protease, AdamTS‐A, facilitates CVM migration.ResultsA comparison of mathematical simulation to experimental results suggests that location of AdamTS‐A action in CVM cells is on the sides of the cell not in contact with the TVM, predominantly at the CVM‐ECM interface. CVM migration from a top‐down view showed CVM cells migrating along the outside of the TVM substrate in the absence of AdamTS‐A. Moreover, overexpression of AdamTS‐A resulted in similar, but milder, mis‐migration of the CVM. These results contrast with the salivary gland where AdamTS‐A is proposed to cleave connections at the trailing edge of migrating cells. Subcellular localization of GFP‐tagged AdamTS‐A suggests that this protease is not limited to functioning at the trailing edge of CVM cells.ConclusionUsing both in vivo experimentation and mathematical simulations, we demonstrated that AdamTS‐A cleaves connections between CVM cells and the ECM on all sides not attached to the TVM. Clearly, AdamTS‐A has a more expansive role around the entire cell in cleaving cell‐ECM attachments in cells migrating as a loose collective.
Loss of the IR region in conifer plastomes: Changes in the selection pressure and substitution rate of protein‐coding genes
Authors: Ping Jingyao , Hao Jing , Li Jinye , Yang Yiqing , Su Yingjuan , Wang Ting 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlastid genomes (plastomes) have a quadripartite structure, but some species have drastically reduced or lost inverted repeat (IR) regions. IR regions are important for genome stability and the evolution rate. In the evolutionary process of gymnosperms, the typical IRs of conifers were lost, possibly affecting the evolutionary rate and selection pressure of genomic protein‐coding genes. In this study, we selected 78 gymnosperm species (51 genera, 13 families) for evolutionary analysis. The selection pressure analysis results showed that negative selection effects were detected in all 50 common genes. Among them, six genes in conifers had higher ω values than non‐conifers, and 12 genes had lower ω values. The evolutionary rate analysis results showed that 9 of 50 common genes differed between conifers and non‐conifers. It is more obvious that in non‐conifers, the rates of psbA (trst, trsv, ratio, dN, dS, and ω) were 2.6‐ to 3.1‐fold of conifers. In conifers, trsv, ratio, dN, dS, and ω of ycf2 were 1.2‐ to 3.6‐fold of non‐conifers. In addition, the evolution rate of ycf2 in the IR was significantly reduced. psbA is undergoing dynamic change, with an abnormally high evolution rate as a small portion of it enters the IR region. Although conifers have lost the typical IR regions, we detected no change in the substitution rate or selection pressure of most protein‐coding genes due to gene function, plant habitat, or newly acquired IRs.
Morphological, cytological, and molecular evidences for natural hybridization between Roegneria stricta and Roegneria turczaninovii (Triticeae: Poaceae)
Authors: Chen Chen , Zheng Zilue , Wu Dandan , Tan Lu , Yang Cairong , Liu Songqing , Lu Jiale , Cheng Yiran , Sha Lina , Wang Yi , Kang Houyang , Fan Xing , Zhou Yonghong , Zhang Changbing , Zhang Haiqin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome plants with low fertility are morphologically intermediate between Roegneria stricta and Roegneria turczaninovii, and were suspected to be natural hybrids between these species. In this study, karyotype analysis showed that natural hybrids and their putative parents were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28). Meiotic pairing in natural hybrids is more irregular than its putative parents. Results of genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicate that natural hybrids contain the same genome as their putative parents. The nuclear gene DNA meiotic recombinase 1 (DMC1) and the chloroplast gene rps16 of natural hybrids and their putative parents were analyzed for evidence of hybridization. The results from molecular data supported by morphology and cytology demonstrated that the plants represent natural hybrids between R. stricta and R. turczaninovii. The study is important for understanding species evolution in the genus since it demonstrates for the first time the existence of populations of natural homoploid hybrids in Roegneria. The study also reports for the first time that the composition of the genomic formula of R. turczaninovii is StY, confirming that the current taxonomic status is correct.
Scale dependency in native–exotic richness relationships revisited
Authors: Guo Qinfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn their seminal paper, Shea and Chesson (Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2002, 17, 170) developed a highly cited model (S&C model) showing scale dependency in the native–exotic richness relationships. Two decades later, extensive additional data have been accumulated, leading to new findings and insights. Accordingly, two updates were made here to the original S&C model: (1) changing the “negative” richness relationship between natives and exotics to “non‐consistent” or “non‐significant”; and (2) modifying the original diagram to correctly represent native and exotic species richness and their correlations across both small and large scales.
Semi‐Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Kometa Bawfeh K. , Tambue Antoine , Iqbal Naveed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a new class of semi‐Lagrangian methods for the numerical approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. The methods provide a strategy for resolving nonlinear hyperbolic conservations laws within the framework of semi‐Lagrangian discontinuous Galerkin finite‐element methods (SLDG) initially proposed for linear advection problems [J‐M. Qiu and C‐W. Shu, J Comput Phys 230 (2011)]. Using a flux‐correction technique we combine the good numerical properties of the SLDG methods with those of the well‐known Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods (RKDG). The high‐order accuracy and local conservative properties of the resulting schemes make them very attractive for convection‐dominated convection‐diffusion problems, and conservation laws in particular. The semi‐Lagrangian component of the schemes allows for the use of larger Courant numbers than is possible when using high‐order RKDG methods alone.
The importance of myocarditis in Covid‐19
Authors: Haryalchi Katayoun , Olangian‐Tehrani Sepehr , Asgari Galebin Seyed Mohammad , Mansour‐Ghanaie Mandana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of Covid‐19 is a real threat to public health. It causes cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury and myocarditis. Symptoms of myocarditis vary from chest pain, tachycardia, or chest tightness. Inotropes and/or vasopressors and mechanical ventilation are the protocols for cardiogenic shock in patients with myocarditis. Some previous studies stated that the mechanism of cardiac injury is not well defined but, it can be due to direct myocardial infection, respiratory failure or hypoxemia, and indirect injury from systemic inflammatory response separately or all three factors together. The pathologic processes included direct myocardial injury by virus binding to ACE2, systemic inflammation, altered myocardial demand‐supply ratio, and plaque and coronary thrombosis. There are disagreements on the usage of corticosteroids in active‐infection myocarditis. As everyday new complications of Covid‐19 appear, there is a need for further research to overcome them.AimsThis narrative study aimed to assess the effect of Covid‐19 on myocarditis.
M2‐polarization‐related CNTNAP1 gene might be a novel immunotherapeutic target and biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Weiquan , Meng Xiangui , Yuan Hongwei , Xiao Wen , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies, characterized by high mortality rate in urology. Unfortunately, reliable biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis and prognosis remain lacking. Contactin‐associated protein 1 (CNTNAP1) has yet to be thoroughly investigated in cancer, especially its relationship with immune infiltration or clinical outcomes of ccRCC. Here, we explored The Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma database (TCGA‐KIRC) for prognostic significance, differential expression, and probable mechanism of CNTNAP1. The aberrant CNTNAP1 expression was also validated by the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and ccRCC clinic samples. We used Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery to perform the GO and KEGG enrichment. TIMER database was further utilized to assess its correlation with immune infiltration in ccRCC. The CellMiner database was used to analyze the relationship between CNTNAP1 expression and drug sensitivity. Results showed CNTNAP1 was upregulated in TCGA‐KIRC, ICGC, and clinic samples. And CNTNAP1 expression was positively related to infiltration levels of cancer‐associated fibroblast, regulatory T cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, while negatively related to eosinophils. Furthermore, we observed CNTNAP1 was appreciably positively associated with alternatively activated macrophage (M2) in ccRCC. Finally, high CNTNAP1 expression was negatively correlated with nilotinib, crizotinib, eribulin mesylate, and vinorelbine. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that CNTNAP1 might act as an immunotherapeutic target and a promising novel biomarker for ccRCC.
Optimal design of broadband non‐radiative dielectric guide devices using binary genetic algorithm and 2D‐FVFEM
Authors: Bashir Tahir , Morimoto Keita , Iguchi Akito , Tsuji Yasuhide , Kashiwa Tatsuya , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a class of broadband non‐radiative dielectric (NRD) guide devices based on digital material are presented using optimal design technique. The NRD guides to be discussed here include low crosstalk crossing waveguide, T‐branch, 90°‐bend, and Z‐bend waveguide. To reduce the computational efforts, we employ recently proposed 2D‐FVFEM as simulation method. Based on digital material optimization strategy, binary genetic algorithm is implemented to obtain an optimal device structure in the design region. To achieve the desired properties, we introduce a unique one‐two symmetric conditions for the structural optimization. Hence, the designed crossing, T‐branch, 90°‐bend, and Z‐bend, respectively, achieve high transmission efficiencies greater than 99.5%, 49.5%:49.5%, 99.4%, and 99.9% at operating frequency 60 GHz, and, furthermore, achieve broadband property as well in the frequency ranges of 58 –64, 58–62, 59–62, and 59–63 GHz. The numerical results of 2D‐FVFEM are also verified by 3D‐FVFEM. Owing to excellent performances, the proposed NRD guide devices can be useful in a lot of millimeter‐wave circuit and system applications.
A comprehensive method to increase yield and narrow the yield gap of winter wheat for sustainable intensification
Authors: Liu Yuli , Zhang He , Li Guicai , Sun Xiaofang , Wang Meng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe agricultural production system is facing increasing demand pressure and environmental pressure. Green and efficient production methods are urgently needed in order to further enhance the yield of winter wheat and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Here, we analyzed the potential yield and yield gap of winter wheat in Shandong Province of China from 1981 to 2009. Meanwhile, we specified the effects of sowing time, irrigation and fertilization scheme, and variety characteristics on winter wheat.RESULTSIn the past 29 years, the yield gap in most areas of Shandong has become smaller, because the actual yield has increased and the potential yield has changed little under the background of climate change. In addition, it is found that delaying sowing date is beneficial to increase yield by helping winter wheat avoid adverse climate conditions. Also, an irrigation amount of 240 mm and nitrogen application amount of 180–210 kg ha−1 are best to maintain high yield, high resource utilization rate and low environmental pollution in this area. These suggested levels are lower than those currently used by many local farmers. Wheat varieties with longer grain‐filling period and photoperiod response, higher grain‐filling rate and grain weight were more adaptable to climate change.CONCLUSIONImproving agronomic management measures can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat and narrow the yield gap. This study can provide valuable information for improving the production potential of winter wheat, and for reducing the damage of agricultural activities to the environment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
What is the clinical impact of staging and surveillance PET‐CT scan findings in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma?
Authors: Lee Linus , Kazmer Alexander , Colman Matthew W. , Gitelis Steven , Batus Marta , Blank Alan T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPositron emission tomography‐computerized tomography (PET‐CTs) are becoming increasingly utilized in sarcoma care, workup, and surveillance. This study aimed to describe additional PET‐CT findings as well as subsequent workups and changes in the clinical course due to those results.MethodsPatient records were retrospectively reviewed, and the additional workups and evaluations triggered by PET‐CT findings were qualitatively analyzed to document their results. Additional changes in the clinical course were documented.ResultsA total of 183 bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients underwent PET‐CT as part of staging or surveillance. Additional workup was performed in 31.5% (n = 41 of 130) patients who had positive PET‐CT findings. Among these, 36.6% (n = 15 of 41) patients had clinically significant findings that altered the clinical course. Overall, 14.8% (n = 27 of 183) experienced a change in the clinical course due to PET‐CT.ConclusionPET‐CT often highlights lesions of potential clinical importance. Additional workup, as well as changes in the clinical course, were not infrequent. Future, multi‐institutional studies should address the value of PET‐CT in sarcoma care.
One‐Pot Preparation of Polysaccharide‐Based Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Wound Repair
Authors: Xu Gan , Geng Yusheng , Hu Le , Wang Jianhua , Pan PanPan , Chen Jingdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolysaccharide hydrogels are widely applied as wound dressings for skin wound repair due to their good biocompatibility and ability to regulate microenvironments. However, hydrogel application can result in skin wetting that can easily cause wound infections. Herein, a polysaccharide‐based antibacterial hydrogel that can promote skin wound repair is prepared by a one‐pot method. In this study, tannic acid (TA) is oxidized and cross‐linked with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) through a Schiff base reaction to form the macromolecule CMCS‐TA. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) cross‐links more easily with CMCS‐TA than CMCS when utilizing the cross‐linking agent carbondiimide hydrochloride (EDC). EDC has no cytotoxicity after hydrolysis and the hydrogel prepared by EDC cross‐linking has a low swelling rate. Due to the in situ reduction of Ag particles, the CMC/CMCS‐TA/Ag hydrogel exhibits good antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus. Cytocompatibility tests and histological analysis indicate that the antibacterial hydrogel has good biocompatibility and can promote wound repair in a rat infection model. Therefore, the polysaccharide‐based hydrogel can be a promising wound dressing for skin wound repair.
Microwave foaming of carbon dioxide saturated poly lactic acid
Authors: Srinivas Sundarram Sriharsha , Ibekwe Nwachukwu , Prado Stephanie , Rotonto Clarissa , Feeney Sean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicro cellular polymer foams find numerous applications such as in filtration, tissue scaffolds, insulation, and catalyst carriers. This study reports on a solvent free approach to fabricate microcellular poly lactic acid foams through a combination of additive manufacturing and microwave foaming. This approach provides the capability to foam polymers in a repeatable and controllable manner with minimal human intervention. Initially, samples are 3D printed, followed by gas saturation, and microwave foaming. The effect of microwave foaming parameters, namely power, temperature and time on the pore morphology was analyzed using a complete parametric study. The results show that microwave foaming can successfully generate porous structure with power and temperature being the main factors affecting the pore morphology. A combination of midrange power and high temperature results in foams with desired properties of small pore size and high porosity. The resulting foams have pore size as small as 120 μm with porosity of 78%. These foams fabricated using a solvent free approach find applications in biomedical field as three dimensional tissue scaffolds for drug testing and bio‐artificial organ development.