bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Catastrophizing Is Associated With Increased Alcohol Cue-Elicited Neural Activity Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Nieto Steven J , Grodin Erica N , Burnette Elizabeth M , Cahill Catherine M , Ray Lara A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
The current study examined the association between pain catastrophizing and alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods
Non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers with AUD (n = 45; 28 males) completed self-report measures of pain catastrophizing and alcohol use/problems as part of a clinical trial of the neuroimmune modulator ibudilast. Participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 25) or ibudilast (n = 20) and completed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to assess neural activation to alcohol cues 1 week into the medication trial. Multiple linear regression examined whether pain catastrophizing predicted cue-induced activation in a priori regions of interest, namely the dorsal and ventral striatum (VS). An exploratory whole-brain analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between pain catastrophizing and neural alcohol cue reactivity.

Results
Pain catastrophizing predicted greater cue-induced activation in the dorsal (b = 0.006; P = 0.03) but not VS controlling for medication. Pain catastrophizing was positively associated with neural activation to alcohol cues in regions including the bilateral thalamus, left precuneus and left frontal pole.

Conclusion
Greater pain catastrophizing is associated with greater cue-induced neural activation in brain regions sub-serving habits and compulsive alcohol use. These findings provide initial support for a neural mechanism by which pain catastrophizing may drive alcohol craving among individuals with AUD.
Distribution of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children From High-Income Countries and the Impact of Pediatric Pneumococcal Vaccination
Authors: Grant Lindsay R , Slack Mary P E , Theilacker Christian , Vojicic Jelena , Dion Stephane , Reinert Ralf-Rene , Jodar Luis , Gessner Bradford D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The introduction and adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs) has led to large decreases in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence caused by vaccine serotypes. Despite these reductions, the global IPD burden in children remains significant.

Methods
We collected serotype-specific IPD data from surveillance systems or hospital networks of all 30 high-income countries that met inclusion criteria. Data sources included online databases, surveillance system reports, and peer-reviewed literature. Percentage of serotyped cases covered were calculated for all countries combined and by PCV type in the pediatric NIP.

Results
We identified 8012 serotyped IPD cases in children &lt;5 or ≤5 years old. PCV13 serotype IPD caused 37.4% of total IPD cases, including 57.1% and 25.2% for countries with PCV10 or PCV13 in the pediatric NIP, respectively, most commonly due to serotypes 3 and 19A (11.4% and 13.3%, respectively, across all countries). In PCV10 countries, PCV15 and PCV20 would cover an additional 45.1% and 55.6% of IPD beyond serotypes contained in PCV10, largely due to coverage of serotype 19A. In PCV13 countries, PCV15 and PCV20 would cover an additional 10.6% and 38.2% of IPD beyond serotypes contained in PCV13. The most common IPD serotypes covered by higher valency PCVs were 10A (5.2%), 12F (5.1%), and 22F and 33F (3.5% each).

Conclusions
Much of the remaining IPD burden is due to serotypes included in PCV15 and PCV20. The inclusion of these next generation PCVs into existing pediatric NIPs may further reduce the incidence of childhood IPD.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Cure on Depressive Symptoms in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfected Population in Canada
Authors: Marathe Gayatri , Moodie Erica E M , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Lanièce Delaunay Charlotte , Cox Joseph , Martel-Laferrière Valérie , Gill John , Cooper Curtis , Pick Neora , Vachon Marie-Louise , Walmsley Sharon , Klein Marina B ,   the Canadian Co-Infection Cohort, Barrett Lisa , Cohen Jeff , Conway Brian , Cooper Curtis , Côté Pierre , Cox Joseph , Gill M John , Haider Shariq , Haase David , Hull Mark , Martel-Laferrière Valérie , Montaner Julio , Moodie Erica E M , Pick Neora , Rouleau Danielle , Sadr Aida , Sanche Steve , Sandre Roger , Tyndall Mark , Vachon Marie-Louise , Walmsley Sharon , Wong Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Depression is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), with biological and psychosocial mechanisms at play. Direct acting antivirals (DAA) result in high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), with minimal side-effects. We assessed the impact of SVR on presence of depressive symptoms in the HIV-HCV coinfected population in Canada during the second-generation DAA era (2013–2020).

Methods
We used data from the Canadian CoInfection Cohort (CCC), a multicenter prospective cohort of people with a HIV and HCV coinfection, and its associated sub-study on food security. Because depression screening was performed only in the sub-study, we predicted Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 classes in the CCC using a random forest classifier and corrected for misclassification. We included participants who achieved SVR and fit a segmented modified Poisson model using an interrupted time series design, adjusting for time-varying confounders.

Results
We included 470 participants; 58% had predicted depressive symptoms at baseline. The median follow-up was 2.4 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0–4.5.) pre-SVR and 1.4 years (IQR: 0.6–2.5) post-SVR. The pre-SVR trend suggested depressive symptoms changed little over time, with no immediate level change at SVR. However, post-SVR trends showed a reduction of 5% per year (risk ratio: 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .94–.96)) in the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
In the DAA era, predicted depressive symptoms declined over time following SVR. These improvements reflect possible changes in biological pathways and/or better general health. If such improvements in depression symptoms are durable, this provides an additional reason for treatment and early cure of HCV.
Validation of a Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Phase 3 Randomized Trial
Authors: Lapin Brittany , Garey Kevin W , Wu Henry , Pham Sissi V , Huang Shirley P , Reese Pat Ray , Wang Elaine , Deshpande Abhishek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Debilitating symptoms of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often lead to long-term effects on health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). In ECOSPOR III, SER-109, an investigational oral microbiome therapeutic, was superior to placebo in reducing rCDI. We investigated the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a 32-item, CDI-specific questionnaire—the Clostridium difficile Quality of Life Survey (Cdiff32)—across mental, physical, and social domains in patients with rCDI.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of a phase 3 clinical trial, 182 outpatients with rCDI completed Cdiff32 and EQ-5D at baseline and at 1 and 8 weeks. Cdiff32 was evaluated for item performance, internal reliability, and convergent validity. To assess known-groups validity, Cdiff32 scores were compared by disease recurrence status at week 1; internal responsiveness was evaluated in the nonrecurrent disease group by 8 weeks by means of paired t test.

Results
All 182 patients (mean age [standard deviation], 65.5 [16.5] years; 59.9% female) completed baseline Cdiff32. Confirmatory factor analysis identified 3 domains (physical, mental, and social relationships) with good item fit. High internal reliability was demonstrated (Cronbach α = 0.94 with all subscales &gt;0.80). Convergent validity was evidenced by significant correlations between Cdiff32 subscales and EQ-5D (r = 0.29–0.37; P &lt; .001). Cdiff32 differentiated patients by disease recurrence status at week 1 (effect sizes, 0.38–0.42; P &lt; .05 overall), with significant improvement from baseline through week 8 in patients with nonrecurrent disease at week 1 (effect sizes, 0.75–1.02; P &lt; .001 overall).

Conclusions
Cdiff32 is a valid, reliable, and responsive disease-specific HRQOL questionnaire that is fit for purpose for interventional treatment trials. The significant improvement in patients with nonrecurrent disease by 8 weeks demonstrates the negative impact of rCDI on HRQOL.
Platypnea orthodeoxia syndrome after recent stroke: a case report of a sandwiched right atrium
Authors: Wiertsema Marijn H , Dickinson Michael G , Hoendermis Elke S , Geluk Christiane A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Platypnea orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a condition characterized by onset or worsening of dyspnoea and desaturation in upright position that is relieved by returning to a supine position. This case report illustrates a sudden onset of severe platypnea caused by compression of the right atrium (RA) due to aortic dilatation and unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after a recent stroke.

Case summary
A 71-year-male patient with a medical history of recent stroke of the left hemisphere was referred to emergency department with acute dyspnoea. During observation in the emergency department, desaturation was noted in upright position. A contrast computed tomography excluded pulmonary embolism but revealed a dilated aortic root and an elevated right hemidiaphragm. The RA was compressed between these two structures (sandwiched). Given the clinical suspicion of a POS, a transoesophageal echocardiography was performed which confirmed the presence of a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) in supine position. In upright position, there was a torrential increase in right-to-left shunting. The PFO was closed using an Occlutech™ device. Directly after the procedure, the patient was symptom free.

Discussion
A rise in RA pressure or difference in flow pattern in the RA can make a PFO become symptomatic. Elevated RA pressure was ruled out. Most anatomical pathologies influencing the flow pattern develop slowly over time. This case shows a presentation of POS after a recent stroke possible due to change in anatomy because of right hemidiaphragm paralysis in combination with the aortic dilatation.
Surgical aortic valve replacement with a stented pericardial bioprosthesis: 5-year outcomes
Authors: Klautz Robert J M , Dagenais François , Reardon Michael J , Lange Rüdiger , Moront Michael G , Labrousse Louis , Weissman Neil J , Rao Vivek , Patel Himanshu J , Liu Fang , Sabik Joseph F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This analysis evaluated the safety, durability and haemodynamic performance of a stented bovine pericardial valve through 5 years of follow-up in patients with an indication for surgical aortic valve replacement.

METHODS
Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate the incidence of survival and valve-related thromboembolism, major paravalvular leak, endocarditis, structural valve deterioration (SVD) and reintervention. The mean aortic gradient and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were also evaluated.

RESULTS
A total of 1118 patients have received the Avalus valve; 564 have completed the 5-year follow-up. The median follow-up was 4.85 years (4810 patient-years total follow-up). At baseline, the mean age was 70.2 ± 9.0 years; 75.1% of patients were male. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 2.0 ± 1.4%. Most patients were in NYHA functional class II (46.8%) or III (40.3%). At the 5-year follow-up, the overall Kaplan–Meier survival rate was 88.1% (85.9–90.0%). The Kaplan–Meier event rates were 5.6% (4.3–7.2%) for thromboembolism, 4.4% (3.2–6.0%) for endocarditis, 0.2% (0.0–0.7%) for a major paravalvular leak and 3.2% (2.3–4.6%) for reintervention. There were no cases of SVD. The mean gradient decreased from 42.1 ± 17.1 mmHg at baseline, to 13.1 ± 4.7 mmHg at discharge and remained stable at 12.5 ± 4.6 mmHg at 5 years. More than 95% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II 5 years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of a high survival rate, excellent safety, no SVD and stable haemodynamic performance and functional status through 5 years of follow-up are encouraging. Additional follow-up is needed to assess the long-term durability of this contemporary surgical bioprosthesis.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains by marine sulfated glycans
Authors: Dwivedi Rohini , Sharma Poonam , Farrag Marwa , Kim Seon Beom , Fassero Lauren A , Tandon Ritesh , Pomin Vitor H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Coronavirus disease pandemic has steered the global therapeutic research efforts toward the discovery of potential anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) molecules. The role of the viral spike glycoprotein (S-protein) has been clearly established in SARS-CoV-2 infection through its capacity to bind to the host cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. The antiviral strategies targeting these 2 virus receptors are currently under intense investigation. However, the rapid evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome has resulted in numerous mutations in the S-protein posing a significant challenge for the design of S-protein-targeted inhibitors. As an example, the 2 key mutations in the S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), L452R, and T478K in the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) confer tighter binding to the host epithelial cells. Marine sulfated glycans (MSGs) demonstrate excellent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 via competitive disruption of the S-protein RBD-HSPG interactions and thus have the potential to be developed into effective prophylactic and therapeutic molecules. In this study, 7 different MSGs were evaluated for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in a virus entry assay utilizing a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus coated with S-protein of the wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) or the Delta (B.1.617.2) strain. Although all tested MSGs showed strong inhibitory activity against both strains, no correlations between MSG structural features and virus inhibition could be drawn. Nevertheless, the current study provides evidence for the maintenance of inhibitory activity of MSGs against evolving SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Achieving holistic, quality-of-life focused care: description of a Compassion Care Community initiative in Canada
Authors: Howard Michelle , Pfaff Kathryn , Sattler Deborah , Dolovich Lisa , Marshall Denise , Zwarenstein Merrick , Upshur Ross 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The compassionate community movement as both a public health approach and a social model of care for various life stages is gaining traction in Canada and elsewhere. One example is the Windsor-Essex Compassion Care Community (WECCC), an evidence-based model and set of tools to improve the quality of life, health and wellness of vulnerable and aging populations by identifying and addressing upstream and downstream social and other risks to physical and mental health. This paper presents findings from the WECCC pilot evaluation. The WECCC initiative provided one-on-one volunteer-supported quality of life assessment, resource navigation and goals support program (Catalyzing Community Connections). This was augmented with public education sessions on social connection and loneliness (Importance of Being Connected) for the broader population. The RE-AIM framework was used to frame evaluation of WECCC through the first 4 years. Questionnaires were used to evaluate participant outcomes related to implementation and effectiveness. Interviews and focus groups were completed to understand impacts. From 2017 to 2020, WECCC has engaged over 2,500 individuals, 65 organizations and 400 volunteers combined in both programs. Nearly all (82% to 95%) participants reported positive changes to health, quality of life and/or social connections. This developmental phase of a compassionate community initiative has allowed piloting of an evaluation framework focusing on reach, adoption, implementation and early signals of effectiveness and maintenance. This demonstration provides information on feasibility, acceptability and potential impacts of this type of over-arching community initiative.
Indigenous women's resistances at the start and end of the nuclear fuel chain
Authors: Runyan Anne Sisson 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
By focusing attention on the beginning and end of the nuclear fuel chain, which mostly takes place on Indigenous lands, this article examines the gendered effects of uranium mining and nuclear waste dumping on North American Indigenous women and their resistances to these processes. In so doing, the article reveals how mining and dumping are made possible by the denial or deflection not only of Indigenous peoples' sovereignty over their lands, but also of Indigenous women's political and cultural authority and bodily autonomy. The article further shows how Indigenous women's reassertions of their nations' and their own self-determination through resurgent practices, like water-walking in the case of the Anishnaabe women, contribute significantly to the resolve of Indigenous nations to refuse to consent to further nuclear colonialism; an example of this is the case of the Saugeen Ojibway Nation's referendum that stopped the siting of the deep geological repository for nuclear waste on their territory. This case suggests it is incumbent on non-Indigenous feminist IR critics of nuclear politics to engage with Indigenous feminist thought and centre Indigenous women's resistances to the nuclear fuel chain, in order to address the consequences of nuclear waste dumping in anti-colonial, and socially and environmentally just, ways.
MiniBioReactor Array (MBRA) in vitro gut model: a reliable system to study microbiota-dependent response to antibiotic treatment
Authors: Hobson C A , Vigue L , Naimi S , Chassaing B , Magnan M , Bonacorsi S , Gachet B , El Meouche I , Birgy A , Tenaillon O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial drugs are mostly studied for their impact on emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance, but their impact on the gut microbiota is also of tremendous interest. In vitro gut models are important tools to study such complex drug–microbiota interactions in humans.

Methods
The MiniBioReactor Array (MBRA) in vitro microbiota system; a single-stage continuous flow culture model, hosted in an anaerobic chamber; was used to evaluate the impact of three concentrations of a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) on faecal microbiota from two healthy donors (treatment versus control: three replicates per condition). We conducted 16S microbiome profiling and analysed microbial richness, diversity and taxonomic changes. β-Lactamase activities were evaluated and correlated with the effects observed in the MBRA in vitro system.

Results
The MBRA preserved each donor’s specificities, and differences between the donors were maintained through time. Before treatment, all faecal cultures belonging to the same donor were comparable in composition, richness, and diversity. Treatment with ceftriaxone was associated with a decrease in α-diversity, and an increase in β-diversity index, in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximum effect on diversity was observed after 72 h of treatment. Importantly, one donor had a stronger microbiota β-lactamase activity that was associated with a reduced impact of ceftriaxone on microbiota composition.

Conclusions
MBRA can reliably mimic the intestinal microbiota and its modifications under antibiotic selective pressure. The impact of the treatment was donor- and concentration-dependent. We hypothesize these results could be explained, at least in part, by the differences in β-lactamase activity of the microbiota itself. Our results support the relevance and promise of the MBRA system to study drug–microbiota interactions.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory patients seeking primary dental care services in a public hospital in Ghana: a clinical audit study
Authors: Sefah Israel Abebrese , Sneddon Jacqueline , Essah Darius Obeng , Kurdi Amanj , Fadare Joseph , Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Godman Brian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
One in 10 of all antibiotic prescriptions globally are for dental conditions with 80% of them being inappropriate, making it a potential driver of antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives
To evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use among ambulatory patients seeking dental care services in a public hospital in Ghana.

Methods
A retrospective clinical audit was conducted by extracting the medical records of all patients seeking dental care at the ambulatory care clinic of Keta Municipal Hospital (KMH) from January 2020 to December 2020 using the hospital’s electronic database. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed on the data collected.

Results
Overall, 1433 patient medical records were extracted from the database within the study period. The mean age of the patients identified was 39.9 years with almost two-thirds being female. The majority (91.1%, n = 1306) of them were attended to by a dental nurse. In total, 88.6% (n = 1269) of the patients received antibiotics and 87.5% (n = 1254) of antibiotics prescribed were non-compliant with Ghana Standard Treatment Guidelines. Three-quarters of the dental conditions were managed with dual antibiotics comprising amoxicillin and metronidazole. Antibiotic prescription was associated with age, gender, type of prescriber and type of dental condition diagnosed.

Conclusions
There is a high usage of antibiotics for dental conditions managed at the outpatient section of the hospital and most are inappropriate. Development of local guidelines supported by education of dental clinicians on empirical use of antibiotics is a suitable target for the antimicrobial stewardship team to address in KMH.
Decreasing the Lower Limit of Quantitation for Urine Albumin Improves Clinical Utility
Authors: Greene Dina N , Marzinke Mark A , Carter Claire , Chen Joyce , Hoenig Melanie P , Rummel Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) is a screening assay for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A value of &gt;30 mg/g is flagged abnormal, but lower ratios have prognostic implications. Thus, to maximize diagnostic utility, urine albumin (uAlb) should be measurable to 3 mg/L to match the lowest creatinine concentration generally utilized (10 mg/dL). Most uAlb assays have lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) 2- to 4-fold higher. We sought to determine the performance characteristics of a commonly used uAlb assay at 3 mg/L and to evaluate the clinical screening impact of reducing the LLOQ.

Methods
Urine was serially diluted to assess uAlb linearity and precision for concentrations near the claimed LLOQ (12 mg/L). Samples (n = 30) with uAlb &lt;12 mg/L were compared between laboratories. Sequential samples (n = 1239) were evaluated for clinical impact of reducing the measuring range to 3 mg/L.

Results
The assay was linear to 1.6 mg/L. Interday precision at 3.7 mg/L and 4.3 mg/L was 7.7% and 8.6%, respectively. Minimal bias was observed between labs (y = 1.091x − 0.75; average bias = −0.13 mg/L). Clinical validation demonstrated 501 of 1239 samples (40.4%) had uAlb &lt;12 mg/L. Using 11.9 mg/L as the numerator for samples with uAlb &lt;12 mg/dL and urine creatinine &gt;10 mg/L, 107 of 499 (21.4%) would have a ratio flagged abnormal at &gt;30 mg/g. Using the numeric value for these samples to 3 mg/L reduced alarm to &lt;1%.

Conclusions
A uAlb LLOQ of 3 mg/L improves screening utility of uACR by simplifying reporting and clinical interpretation when uAlb is low and provides clinical information for prognostic tools developed for people at risk of CKD.