bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to identify and typify arrival spaces in European cities—A methodological approach
Authors: Gerten Christian , Hanhörster Heike , Hans Nils , Liebig Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the context of increasing mobility in recent decades, numerous studies have analysed the impact of migration on urban spaces. International immigration is mainly concentrated in certain urban areas, with these so‐called arrival spaces offering important opportunities for migrants to gain a foothold in their new surroundings. However, the current state of research provides just limited ways of identifying and typifying these spaces. On the one hand, there are no transferable, quantitative concepts. On the other hand, current discussions tend to focus on socio‐economically deprived spaces, neglecting more affluent areas. To identify a city's different (and partly newly emerging) arrival neighbourhoods and to adapt local policies to the specific needs of their residents, we have developed a methodological approach to identifying and typifying arrival spaces on a small‐scale level. Using the case study of Dortmund in Germany, this paper presents this approach and its transferability to other European cities.
Event‐triggered positive L1 filter design for positive Markovian jump systems with quantization
Authors: Zhang Di , Du Baozhu , Jing Yuanwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the design of positive filter for positive Markovian jump systems (PMJSs) with adaptive event‐triggered mechanism and quantization. Considering the mode jump of the system, a new adaptive event‐triggered condition is established, which not only can regulate the communication threshold according to the error of dynamic systems, but also can avoid the asynchronous phenomenon between the system mode and the filter mode. In order to further reduce the burden of communication, a new positive filter with the quantized measure system output is developed, and the design condition which ensures the filter error system to be stochastically stable with performance is presented which can be solved in terms of linear programming (LP) technique. It is illustrated that there is no Zeno phenomenon. The proposed results are applied to the power allocation in a mobile telecommunication system, and it is shown that compared with the existing results, the event‐triggered filter of this paper has some advantages.
From sustainable development to resilience? (Dis)continuities in climate and development policy governance discourse
Authors: Ferguson Peter , Wollersheim Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‘Resilience’ has become a central, albeit ambiguous, concept in environmental and development governance discourse since the mid‐2000s. However, whether this constitutes merely the updating of the language of sustainable development or a new discourse of environmental and development governance is unclear. Resilience is often characterised as a form of neoliberal governmentality that seeks to individualise the mitigation of ecological risks, implying that it is simply an extension of neoliberal sustainable development. However, this elides other possible articulations of resilience within environmental and development governance discourse more broadly. By developing and applying an innovative discourse analysis method, this article clarifies the relationship between sustainable development and resilience across these wider fields. We find that resilience is also articulated as a response to the failure of neoliberal sustainable development; as an integrating discourse of climate security and sustainable development; as a prerequisite for sustainable development; and as qualitatively different to sustainable development.
Substantive model compatible multilevel multiple imputation: A joint modeling approach
Authors: Quartagno Matteo , Carpenter James R. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSubstantive model compatible multiple imputation (SMC‐MI) is a relatively novel imputation method that is particularly useful when the analyst's model includes interactions, non‐linearities, and/or partially observed random slope variables.MethodsHere we thoroughly investigate a SMC‐MI strategy based on joint modeling of the covariates of the analysis model. We provide code to apply the proposed strategy and we perform an extensive simulation work to test it in various circumstances.We explore the impact on the results of various factors, including whether the missing data are at the individual or cluster level, whether there are non‐linearities and whether the imputation model is correctly specified. Finally, we apply the imputation methods to the motivating example data.ResultsSMC‐JM appears to be superior to standard JM imputation, particularly in presence of large variation in random slopes, non‐linearities, and interactions. Results seem to be robust to slight mis‐specification of the imputation model for the covariates. When imputing level 2 data, enough clusters have to be observed in order to obtain unbiased estimates of the level 2 parameters.ConclusionsSMC‐JM is preferable to standard JM imputation in presence of complexities in the analysis model of interest, such as non‐linearities or random slopes.
Photo Stabilization of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells with Bathocuproine: MXene
Authors: Yakusheva Anastasia , Saranin Danila , Muratov Dmitry , Gostishchev Pavel , Pazniak Hanna , Di Vito Alessia , Le Thai Son , Luchnikov Lev , Vasiliev Anton , Podgorny Dmitry , Kuznetsov Denis , Didenko Sergey , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterface engineering is one of the promising strategies for the long‐term stabilization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), preventing chemical decomposition induced by external agents and promoting fast charge transfer. Recently, MXenes–2D structured transition metal carbides and nitrides with various functionalization (O, ‐F, ‐OH) have demonstrated high potential for mastering the work function in halide perovskite absorbers and have significantly improved the n‐type charge collection in solar cells. This work demonstrates that MXenes allow for efficient stabilization of PSCs besides improving their performances. A mixed composite bathocuproine:MXene, that is, (BCP:MXene) interlayer, is introduced at the interface between an electron‐transport layer (ETL) and a metal cathode in the p‐i‐n device structure. The investigation demonstrates that the use of BCP:MXene interlayer slightly increases the power conversation efficiency (PCE) for PSCs (from 16.5 for reference to 17.5%) but dramatically improves the out of Glove‐Box stability. Under ISOS‐L‐2 light soaking stress at 63 ± 1.5 °C, the T80 (time needed to reduce efficiency down to 80% of the initial one) period increases from 460 to > 2300 hours (h).
In Situ Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Effects of Phospholipid Nanoparticles via High‐Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Kenry  , Sun Linhao , Yeo Trifanny , Middha Eshu , Gao Yuji , Lim Chwee Teck , Watanabe Shinji , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhospholipid nanoparticles have been actively employed for numerous biomedical applications. A key factor in ensuring effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials is the regulation of their interactions with target cells, which is significantly dependent on an in‐depth understanding of the nanoparticle‐cell interactions. To date, most studies investigating these nano‐bio interactions have been performed under static conditions and may lack crucial real‐time information. It is, however, noteworthy that the nanoparticle‐cell interactions are highly dynamic. Consequently, to gain a deeper insight into the cellular effects of phospholipid nanoparticles, real‐time observation of cellular dynamics after nanoparticle introduction is necessary. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept in situ visualization of the dynamic cellular effects of sub‐100 nm phospholipid nanoparticles using high‐speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS‐SICM) is reported. It is revealed that upon introduction into the cellular environment, within a short timescale of hundreds of seconds, phospholipid nanoparticles can selectively modulate the edge motility and surface roughness of healthy fibroblast and cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation profiles of these cells can be selectively altered in the presence of phospholipid nanoparticles. This work is anticipated to further shed light on the real‐time nanoparticle‐cell interactions for improved formulation of phospholipid nanoparticles for numerous bioapplications.
Punching shear in flat slabs with open stirrups as shear reinforcement
Authors: Siqueira João P. A. , Melo Guilherme Sales de 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe performance of open stirrups shear reinforcement not fully anchored is investigated, with a type of detail that has been used in construction sites as a support for the top flexural reinforcement to guarantee the right height position; and subsequently, it has also been used to address punching. Five internal slab–column connections subjected to symmetrical loading were tested, including a reference connection and four connections with anchorage variation of shear reinforcement, and their performance was compared with estimations by Codes and Standards and with test results from other authors. Even though the tests presented showed that an increase from 25% to 45% in the punching resistance can be achieved, and that the deformation capacity can also be improved, more tests with other detailing, ratios of flexural and shear reinforcement, and so on, are needed before it can be recommended as an effective shear reinforcement alternative.
Investigation on mechanical behavior of steel angle frame reinforced concrete beams under torsion
Authors: Chen Zongping , Song Chunmei , Zhou Ji , Wang Ni , Chen Yuliang 
Published: August 2022

SummarySteel angle frame reinforced concrete (SARC) beam is a kind of composite beam with encased steel angle frame. The torsion tests were carried out on six SARC beams and one reinforced concrete (RC) beam to investigate their torsional behavior. Test variables include space between steel plates, angle of steel plates, concrete cover depth, and concrete strength. The results showed that the reduction of space between steel plates causes specimens to crack in advance, but improves torsional behavior after cracking markedly. The energy dissipation coefficient reduces as concrete cover depth increases. Damage index can be effectively reduced by increasing concrete strength, reducing plates spacing, and increasing concrete cover depth. The overall torsional behavior of SARC beam can be improved by reducing the spacing between the plates, adopting staggered vertical and oblique steel plates, and increasing concrete strength, but the effect is adverse when concrete cover depth increases. Moreover, the space between steel plates should be greater than 100 mm, and concrete cover depth should be less than 35 mm for maximizing the torsional strength of steel angle frame. Considering the positive roles of steel angle frame and oblique steel plates, the calculation methods of cracking and ultimate torsional moment were proposed. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application of SARC beams subjected to torsion.
Differences in the Intensity and the Nature of Foreign Language Anxiety in In‐person and Online EFL Classes during the Pandemic: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Resnik Pia , Dewaele Jean‐Marc , Knechtelsdorfer Eva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores differences in 437 learners' foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) in in‐person and online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes before the outbreak of the pandemic and during the first lockdown in spring 2020. Statistical analyses of data gathered with a web survey revealed a slight, yet significant drop in learners' overall FLCA in emergency remote teaching. In order to obtain a more granular view, item‐level analyses revealed that learners in online classes were significantly less worried about being outperformed by peers, suffered less from physical symptoms of anxiety when called on in class, and were less anxious when they were in fact well‐prepared. Feeling embarrassed to volunteer answers was significantly higher in online classes. Interviews with 21 participants revealed that the interviewees mentioned anxiety‐provoking aspects of the class considerably more frequently online than in in‐person classes. However, the sources of anxiety in online classes differed from the ones in classes taught on‐site. Thus, it seems that the newness of the setting foregrounded anxiety‐provoking aspects specific to emergency remote teaching, making others fade into the background at the beginning of the pandemic.
Underdiagnosis of internal anal sphincter trauma following vaginal delivery
Authors: O'Leary B. D. , Kelly L. , Fitzpatrick M. , Keane D. P. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveDamage to the anal sphincter during childbirth remains the leading cause of fecal incontinence in women. Defects in the internal (IAS) or external anal sphincter, alongside symptoms and sphincter tone, will generally dictate the suggested mode of delivery in any successive pregnancy. This study aimed to examine using endoanal ultrasonography the prevalence of IAS damage in women referred with Grade‐3a or ‐3b obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) in a tertiary‐referral perineal clinic.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all women referred to a tertiary‐referral perineal clinic after primary repair of OASI (Grade 3a–c, 4) diagnosed for the first time following vaginal delivery between January 2016 and December 2019, inclusive. Women were assessed using the Wexner bowel continence questionnaire, digital examination of sphincter tone and endoanal ultrasound. Injuries in each sphincter were classified as a scar (≤ 30°) or defect (> 30–90° or > 90°) on endoanal imaging in the axial plane.ResultsIn total, 615 women were referred following primary repair of OASI. Sonographic evidence of damage to the IAS was seen in 9.1% (46/506) of women diagnosed with a Grade‐3a/3b injury. In women referred with a Grade‐3a/3b tear, symptom scores were statistically higher (P = 0.025) in those with an IAS defect > 30° compared to those with an intact or scarred IAS, although the median score was zero in both groups. The proportion of women in each group with severe symptoms (score > 9) was similar (2.6% vs 6.5%; P = 0.148). Among women referred with a Grade‐3a/3b tear, sphincter tone was reduced more frequently in those with a defect of the IAS than in those with an intact or scarred IAS (52.2% vs 11.7%; odds ratio, 8.14 (95% CI, 4.26–15.67); P < 0.001). Regardless of the reason for referral, women with reduced sphincter tone on rectal examination were four times as likely to have had an IAS defect > 30° than were those with normal resting tone (risk ratio, 4.58 (95% CI, 3.25–6.45); P < 0.001).ConclusionsOne in 11 women diagnosed with a Grade‐3a or ‐3b tear have evidence of damage to their IAS on endoanal ultrasound. Damage to this muscle is linked to fecal incontinence in women and can have a significant impact on the planning of any future deliveries. This study highlights the importance of established perineal clinics with access to ultrasound. Nonetheless, if reduced sphincter tone is felt on rectal examination, a clinician should have a high index of suspicion for an occult IAS injury. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Design of nitrogen‐containing organic thermal stabilizer with resistance to “zinc burning” and its application
Authors: Cui Zhixuan , Gao Xinxin , Jiang Pingping , Leng Yan , Li Zhenhua , Li Yuchao , Zhang Pingbo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing maleic anhydride and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil as raw materials, by adding zinc oxide and introducing metal ions, the aminouracil zinc maleate (AM‐Zn) was synthesized. The structure of the product was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecule contains ester group, carbon–carbon double bond, carboxylate and diazo group, which can be used as the main thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The thermal stability and excellent resistance to zinc burning of AM‐Zn were characterized by Congo red method, thermal aging method, thermal weight loss method, electrical conductivity, and other detection methods. In addition, the compound use of AM‐Zn and CaSt2 could further improve the thermal stability performance, which was excellent compared with the commercially available CaSt2/ZnSt2. The thermal stabilization effect was the best when CaSt2/AM‐Zn = 2:1, the initial whiteness could reach 50 min, and it was not completely blackened and aged within 80 min. The static stabilization time was 65 min, and the thermal stabilization time is increased by 40 min compared with CaSt2/ZnSt2. The thermal stabilization mechanism was analyzed, and the designed and synthesized AM‐Zn, a multifunctional molecular structure, had a strong potential as a thermal stabilizer for PVC.
Megaoesophagus and dysphagia presumed secondary to medulla oblongata compression by multilobular tumour of bone in a dog
Authors: Allen Chris , Lowrie Mark , Garosi Laurent S. , Van Lelyveld Shirley , Ortiz Ana L. , Gomes Sergio A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis case report describes a 5‐year 3‐month‐old, male, neutered English cocker spaniel with a 2‐week history of spontaneous yelping progressing to ambulatory tetraparesis, dysphagia and regurgitation. Thoracic radiography revealed megaoesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Neurolocalisation was multifocal, with a strong caudotentorial component, relating to the brainstem. Cross‐sectional imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well‐defined ‘popcorn ball’‐shaped mass‐lesion arising from the occipital bone, extending into the calvarium, causing severe dorsal compression of the cerebellum and brainstem. A multilobular tumour of bone was suspected and subsequently confirmed on histopathology. Although surgical debulking was offered, the owner opted for euthanasia. Multilobular tumour of bone is an uncommon neoplasia typically arising from the skull flat bones, frequently invading the calvarium. Despite the plethora of pathologies implicated in dysphagia and megaoesophagus, this report indicates evidence of a compressive lesion to the medulla oblongata presumably related to megaoesophagus.
Successful management of Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) envenomation in a Gray's monitor (Varanus olivaceus)
Authors: Freeman Megan , Palmer Alyssa , West Gary , Goe Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, female Gray's monitor (Varanus olivaceus) was evaluated for acute obtundation, muscle rigidity and ptyalism. Clinical signs worsened over 24 hours and were compatible with scorpion envenomation. Endoscopy confirmed the presence of an Arizona bark scorpion (Centuroides sculpturatus) within the stomach and scorpion antivenom, Alacramyn (Instituto Biolon, Mexico), was administered intravenously. The patient was hospitalised and required supportive care for 2 weeks. Clinical signs and mobility markedly improved by 6 weeks and the monitor appeared normal at 8 weeks. Significant disease secondary to scorpion envenomation is uncommonly reported in animals. This case highlights the clinical presentation and treatment approach in a reptile, with a successful outcome.
Nanotechnology meets glioblastoma multiforme: Emerging therapeutic strategies
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Dai Xingliang , Ye Lei , Wang Hua , Qian Haisheng , Cheng Hongwei , Wang Xianwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and fatal form of primary invasive brain tumors as it affects a great number of patients each year and has a median overall survival of approximately 14.6 months after diagnosis. Despite intensive treatment, almost all patients with GBM experience recurrence, and their 5‐year survival rate is approximately 5%. At present, the main clinical treatment strategy includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, tumor heterogeneity, blood–brain barrier, glioma stem cells, and DNA damage repair mechanisms hinder efficient GBM treatment. The emergence of nanometer‐scale diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer medicine due to the establishment of nanotechnology provides novel and promising tools that will allow us to overcome these difficulties. This review summarizes the application and recent progress in nanotechnology‐based monotherapies (e.g., chemotherapy) and combination cancer treatment strategies (chemotherapy‐based combined cancer therapy) for GBM and describes the synergistic enhancement between these combination therapies as well as the current standard therapy for brain cancer and its deficiencies. These combination therapies that can reduce individual drug‐related toxicities and significantly enhance therapeutic efficiency have recently undergone rapid development. The mechanisms underlying these different nanotechnology‐based therapies as well as the application of nanotechnology in GBM (e.g., in photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy) have been systematically summarized here in an attempt to review recent developments and to identify promising directions for future research. This review provides novel and clinically significant insights and directions for the treatment of GBM, which is of great clinical importance.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Interior structure and complexity growth rate of holographic superconductor from M-theory
Authors: An Yu-Sen , Li Li , Yang Fu-Guo , Yang Run-Qiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the interior dynamics of a top-down holographic superconductor from M-theory. The condense of the charged scalar hair necessarily removes the inner Cauchy horizon and the spacetime ends at a spacelike singularity. Although there is a smooth superconducting phase transition at the critical temperature, the onset of superconductivity is accompanied by intricate interior dynamics, including the collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, the Josephson oscillations of the condensate, and the final Kasner singularity. We obtain analytically the transformation rule for the alternation of different Kasner epochs. Thanks to the nonlinear couplings of the top-down theory, there is generically a never-ending chaotic alternation of Kasner epochs towards the singularity. We compute the holographic complexity using both the complexity-action and the complexity-volume dualities. In contrast to the latter, the complexity growth rate from the complexity-action duality has a discontinuity at the critical temperature, characterizing the sudden change of the internal structure before and after the superconducting phase transition.
Two-loop anomalous dimension for the resummation of non-global observables
Authors: Becher Thomas , Rauh Thomas , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The soft radiation emitted in jet cross sections can resolve the directions and colors of individual hard partons, leading to a complicated pattern of logarithmically enhanced terms in the perturbative series. Starting from a factorization theorem and solving the renormalization group equations for its ingredients, these large logarithms can be resummed. In this paper we extract the two-loop anomalous dimension governing the resummation of subleading logarithms in jet cross sections and other non-global observables. This anomalous dimension can be obtained by considering soft limits of hard amplitudes, but the presence of collinear singularities in intermediate expressions makes its extraction delicate. As a consistency check, we use our results to predict the known subleading non-global logarithms in the two-jet cross section.