bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive control in evaluating appropriately or inappropriately novel ideas: Evidence from electrophysiological measures
Authors: Tang Shuang , Jia Lujia , Ren Jingyuan , Li Fuhong , Luo Jing , Huang Furong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovelty and appropriateness have been considered two necessary criteria to distinguish creative ideas, but little is known about what kind of reactive control people will make when they evaluate appropriately or inappropriately novel ideas. To study this issue, high‐density technology was used to record electroencephalography (EEG) signals when participants were evaluating ideas in novel & appropriate, novel & inappropriate, ordinary & appropriate, and ordinary & inappropriate conditions. An analysis of event‐related potentials (ERPs) revealed that greater conflict detection‐related N2 and N400‐like components over the anterior scalp appeared in novel conditions than in ordinary conditions, suggesting that people are able to rapidly monitor novel ideas. Afterward, the mean amplitudes of the LPC over the left anterior scalp were greater in novel & appropriate condition than ordinary & appropriate condition, but no difference was found between novel & appropriate and novel & inappropriate conditions, which likely displayed much more reactive control was recruited to handle novel ideas and no additional control was recruited when the novel ideas were inappropriate. In addition, the mean amplitudes of the LPC/LNC over the posterior scalp were greater in novel than ordinary conditions and were also greater in inappropriate than appropriate conditions, which likely reflected the processing difficulties of conceptual understanding. These findings revealed the early rise monitoring, conceptual understanding, and reactive control mechanism underlying the evaluation of novel ideas.
Effect of long‐term soccer training on changes in cardiac function during exercise in elite youth soccer players
Authors: Unnithan Viswanath Balagopalan , Rowland Thomas , George Keith , Bakhshi Andisheh , Beaumont Alexander , Sculthorpe Nicholas , Lord Rachel Nia , Oxborough David Lee 
Published: February 2022

It is unclear what the effect of long‐term, high‐volume soccer training has on left ventricular (LV) function during exercise in youth soccer players. This study evaluated changes in LV function during submaximal exercise in a group of highly trained male soccer players (SP) as they transitioned over a three‐year period from pre‐adolescent to adolescent athletes. Data were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched recreationally active controls (CON) over the same time period. Twenty‐two SP from two professional English Premier League youth soccer academies (age: 12.0 ± 0.3 years at start of the study) and 15 CON (age: 11.7 ± 0.3 years) were recruited. Two‐dimensional echocardiography was used to quantify LV function during exercise at the same submaximal metabolic load (approx. 45%VO2peak) across the 3 years. After controlling for growth and maturation, there were training‐induced changes and superiority (p < 0.001) in cardiac index (QIndex) from year 1 in the SP compared to CON. SP (year 1: 6.13 ± 0.76; year 2: 6.94 ± 1.31; and year 3: 7.20 ± 1.81 L/min/m2) compared to CON (year 1: 5.15 ± 1.12; year 2: 4.67 ± 1.04; and year 3: 5.49 ± 1.06 L/min/m2). Similar training‐induced increases were noted for mitral inflow velocity (E): SP (year 1: 129 ± 12; year 2: 143 ± 16; and year 3: 135 ± 18 cm/s) compared to CON (year 1: 113 ± 10; year 2: 111 ± 12; and year 3: 121 ± 9 cm/s). This study indicated that there was evidence of yearly, training‐induced increases in left ventricular function during submaximal exercise independent from the influence of growth and maturation in elite youth SP.
Sanctioning the sick: Do perceptions of activating the sick and diagnosis matter?
Authors: Bringsrud Fekjær Silje , Børve Rasmussen Erik , Terum Lars Inge 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent inclusion of behavioural conditionality in health‐related benefit programmes raises questions about frontline workers' (FWs') discretionary use of sanctioning. Using an experimental vignette design in a survey of 824 FWs in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), we investigated whether FWs' perceptions of diagnosis and sick recipients' obligations affect their propensity to sanction for non‐compliance. We find that the recipients' diagnoses did not influence FWs' propensity to sanction for non‐compliance. Recipients with a symptom diagnosis (ME/CFS) were sanctioned to the same degree as those with a diagnosis based on objective medical evidence (Bekhterev's disease). However, FWs who generally found it difficult to impose activity requirements on recipients with health‐related problems were also less prone to enact sanctions. Our results support the notion of competing approaches to activating and sanctioning the sick. FWs who agree that it is difficult to activate the sick also tend to avoid sanctioning, whereas the propensity to sanction is more widespread among those who disagree that activating the sick is difficult.
Understanding China's resumption of work and production during the critical period of COVlD‐19 based on multi‐source data
Authors: Lai Jianbo , Zhu Jun , Xie Yakun , Wang Ping , Li Weilian , Fu Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonitoring the resumption of work and production (RWP) is of great significance to the restoration of social order and the economy after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic. In this study, the most critical period of epidemic prevention and control and economic recovery was divided into four phases according to the changes in emergency response levels during the epidemic in China, and based on VIIRS I‐Band 375‐m active fire data (VNP14IMG), NO2 tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) data, and intracity travel intensity data, the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with the noise logistic regression industrial heat source identification model, NO2 difference model, and urban relative recovery index were constructed to analyze work resumption at different phases. The results indicate that: (1) the production intensity of China's heat source enterprises decreased first and then exceeded the epidemic period compared with the same period in history. From phases 1 to 3, the heat source enterprise production intensity was lower than the same period in 2019 (the production intensities were 19,562.79, 22,462.57, and 38,466.89, respectively), and the reduction rates of production intensity were 27.5, 26.1, and 22.7%, respectively. In phase 4, enterprise production intensity achieved an increase of 7%. (2) The process of the RWP in China is closely related to NO2 TVCD. In the first three phases, significantly decreased emission sources of NO2 reduced the total value of NO2 by varying degrees in most provinces of the country. Correspondingly, in phase 4, the NO2 TVCD in some provinces recovered to the value of the same period in 2019, including typical industrial bases (Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, etc.) and economically developed coastal areas (Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, etc.). (3) In phase 3, the intracity travel intensity in all cities improved, and the city relative recovery index (RRI) rose across the board. In particular, the western cities were better than the eastern cities. Among them, the RRIs of most cities in southwest China (Sichuan, Yunnan) and northwest China (Gansu) were more than 90%. Notably, the recovery situation exhibited an obvious “siege phenomenon,” and the recovery of core cities required a longer period. Overall, the sudden COVID‐19 epidemic seriously affected the production of Chinese enterprises. However, benefitting from rapid and effective epidemic prevention and control measures, the resumption of work and production has been a success. Our study provides guidance for economic recovery strategies during post‐pandemic stages.
A Framework for Inverse Prediction Using Functional Response Data
Authors: Ries Daniel , Zhang Adah , Derek Tucker J. , Shuler Kurtis , Ausdemore Madeline 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Inverse prediction models have commonly been developed to handle scalar data from physical experiments. However, it is not uncommon for data to be collected in functional form. When data are collected in functional form, it must be aggregated to fit the form of traditional methods, which often results in a loss of information. For expensive experiments, this loss of information can be costly. This paper introduces the functional inverse prediction (FIP) framework, a general approach which uses the full information in functional response data to provide inverse predictions with probabilistic prediction uncertainties obtained with the bootstrap. The FIP framework is a general methodology that can be modified by practitioners to accommodate many different applications and types of data. We demonstrate the framework, highlighting points of flexibility, with a simulation example and applications to weather data and to nuclear forensics. Results show how functional models can improve the accuracy and precision of predictions.
Ordovician–Silurian back-arc silicic magmatism in the southernmost Appalachians
Authors: Barineau Clinton I. , Sagul Douglas A. , Mueller Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrdovician and Silurian siliciclastic, volcanic, and plutonic rocks in the southern Appalachian eastern Blue Ridge and western Inner Piedmont, formerly interpreted as components of an obducted Taconic arc terrane, are recognized as parts of an Ordovician paired arc/back-arc system that formed on the seaward edge of the Laurentian plate. New crystallization ages from metamorphosed plutonic-volcanic components intruding and intercalated with metasedimentary back-arc basin lithologies of the Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega back-arc basin confirm rapid deposition (hundreds of meters per million years) in an Ordovician–Silurian extensional basin that received input from continentally derived Mesoproterozoic crust and bimodal volcanic components. U-Pb (206Pb/238U) zircon ages from 12 samples of Zana Granite yield minimum crystallization ages between 459 Ma and 430 Ma, while zircon grains from six samples of Kowaliga Gneiss have minimum crystallization ages between 452 Ma and 435 Ma. Zircons from a probable metavolcanic unit within the Wedowee Group yield a 206Pb/238U age of 454 ± 3 Ma. Mesoproterozoic depleted mantle model ages and negative initial εhf values of zircons from the Ordovician–Silurian metaigneous rocks suggest a significant Mesoproterozoic component in their genesis. Formation of these silicic plutons was likely associated with the intrusion of mantle-derived mafic melts and decompression melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crust as part of a tectonically thickened crustal section with a contribution from sub-continental mantle lithosphere during backarc extension. Silicic magma intruding thick successions of bimodal volcanic rocks and intercalated sedimentary rocks shortly after deposition is typical of back-arc extension and contraction phases above B-type subduction zones (i.e., Benioff oceanic subduction) in Lachlan-style orogens, which is consistent with the accretionary orogenic nature of the southern Appalachian Taconic orogen.
Quantifying volcanism and organic carbon burial across Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Authors: Papadomanolaki Nina M. , van Helmond Niels A.G.M. , Pälike Heiko , Sluijs Appy , Slomp Caroline P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOceanic Anoxic Event 2 (ca. 94 Ma; OAE2) was one of the largest Mesozoic carbon cycle perturbations, but associated carbon emissions, primarily from the Caribbean large igneous province (LIP) and marine burial fluxes, are poorly constrained. Here, we use the carbon cycle box model LOSCAR-P to quantify the role of LIP volcanism and enhanced marine organic carbon (Corg) burial as constrained by the magnitude and shape of the positive stable carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion (CIE) in the exogenic carbon pool and atmospheric pCO2 reconstructions. In our best fit scenario, two pulses of volcanic carbon input—0.065 Pg C yr–1 over 170 k.y. and 0.075 Pg C yr–1 over 40 k.y., separated by an 80 k.y. interval with an input of 0.02 Pg C yr–1—are required to simulate observed changes in δ13C and pCO2. Reduced LIP activity and Corg burial lead to pronounced pCO2 reductions at the termination of both volcanic pulses, consistent with widespread evidence for cooling and a temporal negative trend in the global exogenic δ13C record. Finally, we show that observed leads and lags between such features in the records and simulations are explained by differences in the response time of components of the carbon cycle to volcanic forcing.
Optimising Access Surgery in Senior Haemodialysis Patients (OASIS): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Heggen Boudewijn DC , Ramspek Chava L , van der Bogt Koen E A , de Haan Michiel W , Hemmelder Marc H , Hiligsmann Mickaël J C , van Loon Magda M , Rotmans Joris I , Tordoir Jan H M , Dekker Friedo W , Schurink Geert Willem H , Snoeijs Maarten G J 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCurrent evidence on vascular access strategies for haemodialysis patients is based on observational studies that are at high risk of selection bias. For elderly patients, autologous arteriovenous fistulas that are typically created in usual care may not be the best option because a significant proportion of fistulas either fail to mature or remain unused. In addition, long-term complications associated with arteriovenous grafts and central venous catheters may be less relevant when considering the limited life expectancy of these patients. Therefore, we designed the Optimising Access Surgery in Senior Haemodialysis Patients (OASIS) trial to determine the best strategy for vascular access creation in elderly haemodialysis patients.Methods and analysisOASIS is a multicentre randomised controlled trial with an equal participant allocation in three treatment arms. Patients aged 70 years or older who are expected to initiate haemodialysis treatment in the next 6 months or who have started haemodialysis urgently with a catheter will be enrolled. To detect and exclude patients with an unusually long life expectancy, we will use a previously published mortality prediction model after external validation. Participants allocated to the usual care arm will be treated according to current guidelines on vascular access creation and will undergo fistula creation. Participants allocated to one of the two intervention arms will undergo graft placement or catheter insertion. The primary outcome is the number of access-related interventions required for each patient-year of haemodialysis treatment. We will enrol 195 patients to have sufficient statistical power to detect an absolute decrease of 0.80 interventions per year.Ethics and disseminationBecause of clinical equipoise, we believe it is justified to randomly allocate elderly patients to the different vascular access strategies. The study was approved by an accredited medical ethics review committee. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and will be implemented in clinical practice guidelines.Trial registration numberNL7933.Protocol version and dateV.5, 25 February 2021.
BOND study: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial over 12 months to assess the effects of benfotiamine on morphometric, neurophysiological and clinical measures in patients with type 2 diabetes with symptomatic polyneuropathy
Authors: Bönhof Gidon J , Sipola Gundega , Strom Alexander , Herder Christian , Strassburger Klaus , Knebel Birgit , Reule Claudia , Wollmann Jan-Christoph , Icks Andrea , Al-Hasani Hadi , Roden Michael , Kuss Oliver , Ziegler Dan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDiabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) affects approximately 30% of people with diabetes, while around half of cases are symptomatic. Currently, there are only few pathogenetically oriented pharmacotherapies for DSPN, one of which is benfotiamine, a prodrug of thiamine with a high bioavailability and favourable safety profile. While benfotiamine has shown positive effects in preclinical and short-term clinical studies, no long-term clinical trials are available to demonstrate disease-modifying effects on DSPN using a comprehensive set of disease-related endpoints.Methods and analysisThe benfotiamine on morphometric, neurophysiological and clinical measures in patients with type 2 diabetes trial is a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group monocentric phase II clinical trial to assess the effects of treatment with benfotiamine compared with placebo in participants with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate symptomatic DSPN. Sixty participants will be 1:1 randomised to treatment with benfotiamine 300 mg or placebo two times a day over 12 months. The primary endpoint will be the change in corneal nerve fibre length assessed by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) after 12 months of benfotiamine treatment compared with placebo. Secondary endpoints will include other CCM measures, skin biopsy and function indices, variables from somatic and autonomic nerve function tests, clinical examination and questionnaires, general health, health-related quality of life, cost, safety and blood tests.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the competent authority and the local independent ethics committee. Trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, conference abstracts, and via online and print media.Trial registration numberDRKS00014832.
Computational image features of immune architecture is associated with clinical benefit and survival in gynecological cancers across treatment modalities
Authors: Azarianpour Sepideh , Corredor Germán , Bera Kaustav , Leo Patrick , Fu Pingfu , Toro Paula , Joehlin-Price Amy , Mokhtari Mojgan , Mahdi Haider , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWe present a computational approach (ArcTIL) for quantitative characterization of the architecture of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their interplay with cancer cells from digitized H&E-stained histology whole slide images and evaluate its prognostic role in three different gynecological cancer (GC) types and across three different treatment types (platinum, radiation and immunotherapy).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we included 926 patients with GC diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer with available digitized diagnostic histology slides and survival outcome information. ArcTIL features quantifying architecture and spatial interplay between immune cells and the rest of nucleated cells (mostly comprised cancer cells) were extracted from the cell cluster graphs of nuclei within the tumor epithelial nests, surrounding stroma and invasive tumor front compartments on H&E-stained slides. A Cox proportional hazards model, incorporating ArcTIL features was fit on the OC training cohort (N=51), yielding an ArcTIL signature. A unique threshold learned from the training set stratified the patients into a low and high-risk group.ResultsThe seven feature ArcTIL classifier was found to significantly correlate with overall survival in chemotherapy and radiotherapy-treated validation cohorts and progression-free survival in an immunotherapy-treated validation cohort. ArcTIL features relating to increased density of TILs in the epithelium and invasive tumor front were found to be associated with better survival outcomes when compared with those patients with an increased TIL density in the stroma. A statistically significant association was found between the ArcTIL signature and signaling pathways for blood vessel morphogenesis, vasculature development, regulation of cell differentiation, cell-substrate adhesion, biological adhesion, regulation of vasculature development, and angiogenesis.ConclusionsThis study reveals that computationally-derived features from the spatial architecture of TILs and tumor cells are prognostic in GCs treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint blockade and are closely associated with central biological processes that impact tumor progression. These findings could aid in identifying therapy-refractory patients and further enable personalized treatment decision-making.
Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking via asymptotically safe dynamical scalegenesis: a walking axicolor and axion
Authors: Ishida Hiroyuki , Matsuzaki Shinya , Peng Xiao-Chang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBreaking the Pecci–Quinn (PQ) symmetry by the perturbative dynamics would suffer from a hierarchy problem, just like the electroweak symmetry breaking in the standard model. The dynamics of the axion, associated with the PQ symmetry breaking, would also involve a triviality problem. We provide a paradigm to resolve those two problems potentially existing in the PQ symmetry breaking scenario, with keeping the successful axion relaxation for the QCD strong CP phase. The proposed theory includes an axicolor dynamics with the axicolored fermions partially gauged by the QCD color, and is shown to be governed by an asymptotically safe (AS) fixed point: quantum scale invariance is built. The AS axicolor is actually a “walking” dynamics, which dynamically breaks a PQ symmetry, a part of the chiral symmetry carried by the axicolored fermions. The PQ scale generation is then triggered by the nonperturbative dimensional transmutation in the “walking” dynamics. A composite axion emerges as the associated Nambu-Goldstone boson. That is, no hierarchy or triviality problem is present there. The composite axion can potentially be light due to the characteristic feature of the AS axicolor (“walking” axicolor), becomes the QCD axion in the anti-Veneziano limit, and gets heavier by the subleading correction. The composite axion relaxes the QCD theta parameter, involving heavier relaxation partners such as axicolored pseudoscalar mesons, and the ultraviolet correction to the relaxation mechanism is protected by the established (near) scale invariance during the “walking” regime.