bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, knowledge, and related factor of anemia among school-going adolescent girls in a remote area of western Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Kamala , Baniya Girish C. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Anemia is a significant health problem among adolescent girls. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, related factors, and knowledge about anemia among adolescent girls in a remote area of western Rajasthan.

Methods:
In a rural area of western Rajasthan, a cross-sectional study of 625 adolescent girls aged 11 to 19 years was carried out. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic, clinical, and knowledge questions about anemia and its related factors. An HemoCue was used for hemoglobin analysis and anemia diagnosis.

Results:
Anemia was found in 56.32% (n = 352) of the recruited population, with a mean of 9.92 (SD = 1.40). Mild, moderate, and severe anemia were found in 29.12%, 22.24%, and 4.96% of the participants, respectively. Girls aged 11 to 14 (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.76–6.38, P value = 0.042) and those with lower socioeconomic status (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.39–8.25, P value = 0.022) were more likely to have anemia than those of older age and higher socioeconomic status. Anemia was less prevalent in only one child/no siblings (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16–0.73, P value = 0.041), and more prevalent in girls having less than 21 days of menstruation cycle (AOR = 5.37, 95% CI: 2.38–9.63, P value = 0.013), and 21 to 25 days of menstruation cycle (AOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 1.27–5.94, P value = 0.027). A total of 39.84% stated that anemia was caused by iron deficiency, followed by improper diet (32.64%). Furthermore, 56.32% agreed that the most common symptoms of anemia were weakness, and 51.36% of girls were told that anemia was treated with iron supplementation and a balanced diet (39.68%). Green leafy vegetables were considered a good source of iron by 56.48%, and 53.28% were educated about anemia by a teacher, followed by books (45.44%) and media (43.36%).

Conclusion:
The study shows high prevalence of anemia among adolescent females in the remote area of western Rajasthan. To improve girls health, it is necessary to increase their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this area. Educational intervention and routine health check-up would be excellent ways to accomplish this.
Grade 2 disability among leprosy patients: A pilot study from an endemic area of Central India
Authors: Shravani Bada , Ganguly Satyaki , Shukla Arvind K. , Chhabra Namrata , Prabha Neel , Sachdev Divya , Khare Soumil 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim:
Deformities and disabilities in leprosy lead to significant morbidity to the individual and financial burden to the family. As the prevalence of leprosy is higher in central India, this study was conducted to know the burden of deformity and disability among leprosy patients in central India and the factors associated with it.

Materials and methods:
This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study, conducted on 50 new or on treatment or released from treatment leprosy patients, attending the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care institute in Central India. Disability was graded as per the WHO criteria for disability grading of hands and feet.

Results:
Grade 2 disability was found among 32% of the patients with leprosy, whereas a total of 60% of our patients had either grade 1 or grade 2 disabilities. Trophic ulcer was found among 20% and claw hand among 14% of leprosy patients. We found significant associations of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer (p = 0.004) and grade 2 disability (p = 0.012). All patients with claw hands and 80% of the patients with trophic ulcers presented to the healthcare facility at least 6 months after the onset of symptoms.

Conclusions:
We found very high rates of disability and deformity among leprosy patients indicating possible huge burden of morbidity among leprosy patients in central India. The significant association of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer and grade 2 disability indicated delayed presentation and diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy patients. Our results underlined the need for large scale community-based studies on disability and deformity among leprosy patients in Central India. These results also call for better training of primary level healthcare workers for early detection and management of deformities and disabilities as well as better patient education for leprosy patients regarding hand and foot care.
Perceptions and attitudes toward unusual complications following breast implant surgeries among Saudi female patients: How knowledgeable are our patients?
Authors: Mortada Hatan , Ibrahim Najat , Almousa Hisham , Aldihan Rema , Arab Khalid 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The number of breast implant-related procedures has rapidly increased. Given the current increase in social media coverage and its influence on the decision to undergo breast implant surgeries, it is critical to identify patients’ misinformation about unusual complications related to breast implants. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the perceptions and attitudes toward unusual complications related to breast implants among patients who underwent breast implant surgeries.

Methods:
In the present cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed between April 2021 and May 2021 among patients who had undergone breast implant surgeries between 2016 and 2021 at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The 26-item questionnaire was distributed online to assess the participants’ perceptions about breast implant illness (BII), capsular contracture, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0.

Results:
In total, 106 patients who underwent breast implant surgeries were included in the present study (response rate: 73.6%). Their mean age was 43.68 ± 10.69 years. The reason for undergoing breast implant surgery was cosmetic in 41.5% of the participants and reconstructive in 58.5%. Moreover, 22.6%, 23.6%, and 24.5% of the participants had knowledge about BIA-ALCL, BII, and capsular contracture, respectively.

Conclusions:
The present findings indicate that it is important for plastic surgeons to discuss unusual complications related to breast implants with patients on a regular basis. Despite the obscurity of these complications, such discussions are important to provide best available information to patients.
Impact of exclusive breast feeding until six months of age on common illnesses: A prospective observational study
Authors: Penugonda Asha J. , Rajan Roshni J. , Lionel Arul P. , Kompithra Rajeev Z. , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Mathew Leni G. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
The WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding (EBF) for all infants for the first six months of life. National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16) shows EBF rates of only 54.9%. We conducted a prospective study to assess prevalence of EBF and incidences of illnesses in infants from birth till six months of age.

Methods:
Healthy term infants born in our hospital between December 2017 and November 2018 were recruited at birth. Structured diary cards were given to mothers to record feeding patterns, occurrence and severity of illnesses. Mothers were interviewed at 6, 10, 14 and 26 weeks or contacted by telephone at 18 and 22 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Statistics 22.

Results:
The prevalence of EBF among 450 infants (M:F = 1.3:1) who completed the study was 47% at 6 months. 185 (69 EBF + 116 non-EBF) of 450 infants reported a total of 242 illnesses, most commonly respiratory (82.6%) followed by gastrointestinal (11.6%). Number of illnesses per infant was 0.45 and 0.6 in EBF group and non-EBF group respectively (p = 0.015). Illness incidences in EBF infants were significantly lower during all successive time intervals after 10 weeks of age. Logistic regression analysis confirmed significantly lower illness incidences in EBF infants at 10-14 weeks [OR = 0.27 (CI 0.12-0.64)] and 18-22 weeks [OR = 0.50 (CI 0.27-0.90)].

Conclusions:
The prevalence of EBF is suboptimal in our setting, with illness incidences significantly higher in non-EBF children. Appropriate intervention strategies need to be tailored to reinforce early initiation and continuation of EBF throughout the first six months of life.
An Observational Study on Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting With Comorbidities at RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Chaudhuri Partha K. , Chaudhary Anil K. , Prasad Kamal N. , Malakar Jagrita , Pathak Apeksha , Siddalingesha R 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
SARS COVID-19 infection leads to wide range of symptoms in comorbid pediatric patient. In view of its susceptibility affecting pediatric age groups with comorbidities and its potential to increase the mortality rate, it may have adverse effects on the outcome of such children. This study aims at better understanding of clinical profile and its outcome of pediatric population.

Method:
A total of 50 pediatric patients aged 1 to 17 years with comorbidities and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 that were admitted at the RIMS, Ranchi from 1st April 2020 to 31st December 2020 were studied.

Result:
34 (68%) resided in the hot spot areas of the region, 8(16%) resided in the non- hot spot areas and 8(16%) had migrated from elsewhere. Higher proportion of males between 11-15 years of age were affected (64%).Our study shows that the majority of the children that were affected were of the age group 11-15 years (52%). 38(76%) of these children presented with fever as their major complaints, cough in 28(56%), sore throat in 2 (4%), diarrhea in 6(12%), vomiting in 11 (22%), breathing difficulty in 20 (50%) and 30 (60%) had other symptoms. Out of 50 patients admitted, 3 died. In our study majority of comorbid condition was thalassemia major.

Conclusion:
The presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and severity of illness of pediatric patients with COVID-19 were different, and milder, compared with adults.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 4 to 14 year age group children in slums of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Authors: Suchithra E. T. , Vargheese Sara , Sudhiraj T. S. , Zinia  
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Failure of early identification and timely intervention of psychological disorders adversely affect the development of child to healthy adult. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 4–14 years age group children in urban slums as well as to find out the socio-demographic factors associated with it.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling technique was conducted in urban slums of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation among 1029 participants. For the estimation of prevalence, CPMS was used and the socio-demographic factors were obtained using pretested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using proportion with 95% CI, Chi-square, odds ratio and logistic regression.

Results:
Prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders was 11.5% [95%CI (9.51-13.49)] and it was significantly associated with age (P =0.000), birth order (P =0.008), birth weight (P =.033), siblings number (P =.004) school performance (P =.000), peer status (P =.012), peer relation (P =.000), disease status (P =.000), maternal education (P =.006), paternal education (P =.000), maternal occupation (P =.000) and paternal occupation (P =.005), parental separation (P =.000), the person looking after the child (P =.000), marital disharmony (P =.000), history of alcohol intake (P =.000) and frequency of drinking (P =.000). By logistic regression, poor performance [odds ratio 12.79 (7.09–23.07)], disease status [odds ratio 4.83 (2.83–8.27)], problem in adjustment with peer [odds ratio 12.3 (1.97–77.55)], history of daily intake of alcohol in fathers [odds ratio 3.15 (1.87–5.29)] and offspring of unskilled mothers [odds ratio [2.07 (1.32–3.27)] constitute the predictors for these disorders.

Conclusion:
This study findings highlight prevalence and the association of childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders with several socio-demographic factors, which needs consideration while planning for implementation of mental health programme in the community.
Determination of sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography in a rural population of western Maharashtra – A retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Deshpande Anuja A. , Munde Anita D. , Mishra Sunil S. , Kawsankar Kedar D. , Sawade Ruchira V. , Mandar Baviskar 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Radiography is used in forensics for the identification of humans, especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. In the skull bones, the zygomatic bone and maxilla including the maxillary sinus tend to remain intact even if the other bones are badly disfigured. Hence, the maxillary sinus has been considered by several authors for sex identification. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a non-invasive, recently developed technology that has seen an exponential rise in the use for visualizing dental anatomy and pathologies. The present study chose the available CBCT records of patients who show maxillary sinus and used them for determining sexual dimorphism related to the maxillary sinus.

Aims:
To measure the maxillary sinuses using CBCT and determine the efficacy of these measurements for sex identification.

Settings and Design:
Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study.

Methods and Material:
A total of 60 CBCT scans (30 males, 30 females) were selected from a rural setup, and the height, length, and width of the maxillary sinus with the highest dimension for each variable were measured and recorded.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test. The discriminant equations were derived for both the right and left maxillary sinus.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were observed between the males and females for height (right and left) and length (left) of the maxillary sinus. The accuracy rate for sex identification in the present study was found to be 71.3%.

Conclusion:
Maxillary sinus height can be used as a reliable radiographic marker in forensic odontology for sex identification.
Comparison of alpha 1- antitrypsin activity and phenotype in type 1 diabetic patients to healthy individuals
Authors: Ghoreishi Atena Sadat , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Khoshdel Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of serine protease, which has shown anti-inflammatory reactions in a variety of diseases. It has been thought that that AAT plays a role in prolonging islet allograft survival, preventing the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and hindering β-cell apoptosis of pancreas. In the current examination, the AAT activity in T1DM and healthy individuals was measured using enzymatic assay.

Methods:
The present study was conducted on 42 patients with T1DM who referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran, and 42 healthy control individuals who were matched for age, sex and smoking habits. The serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) was assessed. Plasma samples were analyzed for phenotype, AAT concentration, blood glucose and lipid levels were measured.

Results:
The activity of plasma AAT and the serum TIC level of patients with T1DM (2.35 ± 0.34 μmol/min/ml) was significantly lower than healthy participants (3.36 ± 0.36 μmol/min/ml). The frequency of phenotype MM in healthy individual was 100%; and in T1DM patients, the prevalence of phenotype MM, MS and MZ was 61.9%, 23.8% and 14.3%, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
It was concluded that that the lack of AAT may be related to the increased risk of T1DM developing.
Physical activity adaptation towards control of selected noncommunicable diseases-A detailed part of large community trial in rural areas of India
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Modi Bhavesh , Shenoy Preetham , Nirmala C J , Ravi K , Narayan Swamy D M , Saxena Deepak 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of systematically induced health education on physical activity over control of hypertension, diabetes. The secondary aim of this study was to assess the changed pattern of physical activity among hypertensives and diabetics with continuous follow-up.

Methods:
This is part of a larger study A community trial in coastal Karnataka with three villages where one village was introduced with physical activity alone. A total of 105 participants who are known hypertensives with SBP more than 130 mm Hg or DBP more than 90 mm Hg and diabetics with Hb1Ac more than 7% were included. A specific module for physical activity was prepared, introduced to participants with involvement of family members, followed up for 1 year, and survey was done. The outcomes of median SBP, DBP, and RBS with Physical activity introduction as compared to baseline were done. Statistical analysis––Median, Interquartile range, and Wilcoxon sign rank test––was used.

Results:
There was 9–15 mm Hg change before and after intervention reduction in SBP and DBP. The median RBS reduced from 264 mg/dL to 205 mg/dL. Moderate activities time markedly increased & sitting hours decreased to half.

Conclusion:
There is an impact of systematically induced health education on physical activity over control of hypertension and diabetes & change in the pattern of physical activity with continuous health education module and follow-up.
Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Versus Holmium Laser Enucleation in Men with Prostate Volume Greater than 100 mL
Authors: Chang Chun-Kai , Lee Cheng-Hsueh , Lin Chun-Hsuan , Li Ching-Chia , Wen Sheng-Chen , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Geng Jiun-Hung 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The surgical treatment for severe benign prostatic hyperplasia is challenging. The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) for prostate size >100 ml.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated our database of two groups of patients. Thirteen patients underwent M-TURP (group 1), and 27 underwent HOLEP (group 2).

Results:
The mean prostate size was 163.1 ± 49.0 ml in group 1 and 143.4 ± 40.9 ml in group 2 (P = 0.19). There was no significant difference in resected tissue volume, days of catheter removal, admission days, and postoperative serum hemoglobin between treatment groups. However, in group 1, mean postoperative serum sodium dropped from 137.1 mmol/L to 131.4 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than postoperative serum sodium in group 2 (P < 0.0001). There were more complications in group 1 than group 2, especially for patients undergoing transfusion (76.9% in group 1 and 22.2% in group 2) and with hyponatremia (15.4% in group 1 and 0% in group 2). At 3-month follow-up, the international prostate symptom score, quality of life score, and residual urine volume revealed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusion:
M-TURP and HOLEP in men with prostate volume greater 100 ml had similar operative time, admission days and postoperative functional outcomes. However, higher transfusion rates and postoperative hyponatremia were noted in the M-TURP group comparing to the HOLEP group.
Does the Timing of Performing Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy after Prostate Biopsy Affect the Outcome?
Authors: Lai Chien-Ming , Wu Richard C. , Wu Chun-Hsien , Wang Chiang-Ting , Lin Victor C. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Prostate biopsy induced prostate hemorrhage and periprostate tissue inflammation which raised the concerns of increasing difficulty even in the era of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). To evaluate the correlation between postoperative outcomes and the interval after biopsy, we compared surgical outcomes in different time interval (≤4 weeks, 4–8 weeks, and ≥8 weeks).

Materials and Methods:
We collected patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP by a single experienced surgeon at our institute between April 2016 and February 2019. The complicated statuses such as previously transurethral resection of prostate, grossly nodal positive disease, or locally advanced disease were excluded. A total of 83 patients were enrolled retrospectively according to the regulation of the institutional review board in the institute. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time interval between prostate biopsy and RARP (≤4 weeks, 4-8 weeks and ≥ 8 weeks). The demographic information and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Regarding preoperative characteristics, there were similarities in the three groups. Concerning intraoperative outcomes, statistical difference was observed in mean estimated blood loss (253.1 vs. 158.9 vs. 170.9 ml, P= 0.047). In addition, operative time was similar among three groups (221.9 vs. 248.5 vs. 226.7, P= 0.199). There was no difference in positive surgical margin rate among three groups. The time interval groups did not correlate to prolonged days either urinary catheter indwelling or hospitalization (P > 0.05). There was no difference in decreased erection hardness scores at 12 months between 3 groups (−0.75 vs. −0.77 vs. −0.57, P= 0.556).

Conclusion:
In our experience, RARP can be effectively and safely performed in different time intervals after prostate biopsy without increasing total operative time or adversely compromising postoperative functionally and oncologic outcomes. However, performing RARP < 4 weeks after prostate biopsy did probably have the risk of increase estimated blood loss.
Pengelolaan Desa Wisata Bahari Berkelanjutan dalam Perspektif Ketahanan Nasional
Authors: Hidayati Khairul , Saptatia Drajati Nugrahani Henny 
Published: March 2022

Pembangunan dewi bahari merupakan upaya peningkatan nilai tambah ekonomi dari pemanfaatan jasa kelautan dan perikanan dengan mengoptimalkan peran masyarakat. Desa kaliwlingi merupakan salah satu desa di wilayah pesisir utara Jawa, tepatnya di kecamatan brebes, kabupaten brebes, provinsi jawa tengah. Pengelolaan kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah sesuai dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah ekowisata. Ekowisata mangrove merupakan salah satu bentuk wisata dengan pelibatan masyarakat secara partisipatif untuk mengkonservasi ekosistem mangrove. Ekowisata merupakan alternatif pengelolaan sumberdaya alam yang tepat dengan mempertahankan ekosistem yang masih alami melalui peran dan kontribusi masyarakat. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori pembangunan berkelanjutan, teori karakteristik ekosistem pesisir. metodologi yang dipakai oleh peneliti adalah kualitatif, dengan hasil yang diharapkan adalah dalam perspektif ketahanan nasional dengan konsep desa wisata, tidak hanya dengan sekedar branding, tetapi juga harus mempunyai konsep yang berkelanjutan, diperlukan sebuah ketahanan dari ruang lingkup yang kecil terlebih dahulu. Dengan adanya ketahanan yang kuat, maka pertumbuhan dan kemajuan desa wisata akan semakin maju, terutama pariwisata bahari.