bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Clinical and Biomechanical Features of Scars Resulting from the Treatment of Burn Contractures Comparing Acellular Dermal Matrices
Authors: Almeida Ivan R. , Gonqalves Adriana C. , Corrêa Fernanda B. , Castro Júlio C.D. , Guirro Elaine C.O. , Farina Jayme A. , Coltro Pedro S. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare clinical and biomechanical features of scars resulting from the treatment of burn contractures using different acellular dermal matrices (ADM).

Summary Background Data:
Extensive burns often lead to severe sequelae, such as skin contractures, that can be treated using ADM to improve the quality of these scars.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial was performed including patients with burn contractures at least 1-year post-burn, treated using split-thickness skin graft (STSG). These patients were randomized into 4 groups: control (received only STSG without ADM), Integra (ADM + STSG), Matriderm (ADM + STSG), and Pelnac (ADM + STSG). Exclusion criteria were loss of follow-up and graft integration failure. The evaluation was performed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the durom-eter, and the cutometer in areas of normal skin, hypertrophic scar, and surgical scar, at least 1 year after the surgery.

Results:
In the VSS, durometer, and cutometer evaluation, there was no difference in the comparison of surgical scars among groups. Analyzing each group, with an intraindividual evaluation comparing areas of normal skin with surgical scars, the results suggested a possibility of a surgical scar hardness closer to normal skin for Integra and Matriderm groups measured with the durometer. In the cutometer evaluation, surgical scars were not comparable to areas of normal skin.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that there is no difference in the quality of scar assessed through the analysis of clinical and biomechanical features comparing acellular dermal matrices (Integra, Matriderm, and Pelnac) and only split-thickness skin graft without a dermal matrix.
Destructive colon injuries requiring resection: Is colostomy ever indicated?
Authors: Mitchao Delbrynth P. , Lewis Meghan R. , Strickland Matt , Benjamin Elizabeth R. , Wong Monica D. , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The management of destructive colon injuries requiring resection has shifted from mandatory diverting stoma to liberal use of primary anastomosis. Various risk criteria have been suggested for the selection of patients for primary anastomosis or ostomy. At our center, we have been practicing a policy of liberal primary anastomosis irrespective of risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the colon-related outcomes in patients managed with this policy.

METHODS
This retrospective study included all colon injuries requiring resection. Data collected included patient demographics, injury characteristics, blood transfusions, operative findings, operations performed, complications, and mortality.

RESULTS
A total of 287 colon injuries were identified, 101 of whom required resection, forming the study population. The majority (63.4%) were penetrating injuries. Furthermore, 16.8% were hypotensive on admission, 40.6% had moderate or severe fecal spillage, 35.6% received blood transfusion of >4 U, and 41.6% had Injury Severity Score of >15. At index operation, 88% were managed with primary anastomosis and 12% with colon discontinuity, and one patient had stoma. Damage-control laparotomy (DCL) with temporary abdominal closure was performed in 39.6% of patients. Of these patients with DCL, 67.5% underwent primary anastomosis, 30.0% were left with colon discontinuity, and 2.5% had stoma. Overall, after the definitive management of the colon, including those patients who were initially left in colon discontinuity, only six patients (5.9%) had a stoma. The incidence of anastomotic leaks in patients with primary anastomosis at the index operation was 8.0%, and there was no colon-related mortality. The incidence of colon anastomotic leaks in the 27 patients with DCL and primary anastomosis was 11.1%, and there was no colon-related mortality. Multivariate analysis evaluating possible risk factors identified discontinuity of the colon as independent risk factor for mortality.

CONCLUSION
Liberal primary anastomosis should be considered in almost all patients with destructive colon injuries requiring resection, irrespective of risk factors.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Core outcome measures for research in traumatic injury survivors: The National Trauma Research Action Plan modified Delphi consensus study
Authors: Herrera-Escobar Juan Pablo , Price Michelle A. , Reidy Emma , Bixby Pamela J. , Hau Kaman , Bulger Eileen M. , Haider Adil H. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Until recently, survival has been the main outcome measure for injury research. Given the impact of injury on quality of life, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine has called for advancing the science of research evaluating the long-term outcomes of trauma survivors. This is necessary so that treatments and interventions can be assessed for their impact on a trauma patients' long-term functional and psychosocial outcomes. We sought to propose a set of core domains and measurement instruments that are best suited to evaluate long-term outcomes after traumatic injury with a goal for these measures to be adopted as a national standard.

METHODS
As part of the development of a National Trauma Research Action Plan, we conducted a two-stage, five-round modified online Delphi consensus process with a diverse panel of 50 key stakeholders including clinicians, researchers, and trauma survivors from more than 9 professional areas across the United States. Before voting, panelists reviewed the results of a scoping review on patient-reported outcomes after injury and standardized information on measurement instruments following the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments guidelines.

RESULTS
The panel considered a preliminary list of 74 outcome domains (patient-reported outcomes) and ultimately reached the a priori consensus criteria for 29 core domains that encompass aspects of physical, mental, social, and cognitive health. Among these 29 core domains, the panel considered a preliminary list of 199 patient-reported outcome measures and reached the a priori consensus criteria for 14 measures across 13 core domains. Participation of panelists ranged from 65% to 98% across the five Delphi rounds.

CONCLUSION
We developed a core outcome measurement set that will facilitate the synthesis, comparison, and interpretation of long-term trauma outcomes research. These measures should be prioritized in all future studies in which researchers elect to evaluate long-term outcomes of traumatic injury survivors.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Test or Criteria, Level IV.
Pediatric trauma in the California-Mexico border region: Injury disparities by Area Deprivation Index
Authors: Sykes Alicia Gaidry , Rooney Alexandra S. , Avila Andrew G. , Ghetti Claudio B. , Martin Matthew J. , Bansal Vishal , Sise Michael J. , Ignacio Romeo C. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The California-Mexico border region is a high-volume trauma area with populations of widely disparate socioeconomic status. This work analyzed differences in demographics and mechanism of injury in children using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure of 17 markers of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of pediatric patients evaluated at the regional Level I Pediatric Trauma Center between 2008 and 2018. Collected data included patient demographics and injury characteristics. Patient addresses were correlated to neighborhood disadvantage level using ADI quintiles, with a higher quintile representing greater socioeconomic disadvantage.

RESULTS
A total of 9,715 children were identified, of which 4,307 (44%) were Hispanic. Hispanic children were more likely to live in more disadvantaged neighborhoods than non-Hispanic children (p < 0.001). There were markedly different injury mechanisms in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage (higher ADI) compared with those with less socioeconomic disadvantage. Sports-related and nonmotorized vehicular trauma predominated in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, while higher ADI quintiles were strongly associated with pedestrian versus automobile, motorized vehicle accidents/collisions, and nonaccidental injuries (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
This analysis represents the first study to characterize pediatric traumatic injury patterns based upon the neighborhood ADI metric. Area Deprivation Index can be a useful resource in identifying disparities in pediatric trauma and children at increased risk for vehicular and abusive injury who may benefit from increased resource allocation, social support, and prevention programs.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological, Level III.
Deconstructing replicative senescence heterogeneity of human mesenchymal stem cells at single cell resolution reveals therapeutically targetable senescent cell sub-populations
Authors: Fard Atefeh Taherian , Leeson Hannah , Perez Julio Aguado , Pietrogrande Giovanni , Power Dominique , Inclan Cecilia Liliana Gomez , Zheng Huiwen , Nelson Christopher , Soheilmoghaddam Farhad , Glass Nick , Dharmaratne Malindrie , Watson Ebony R. , Lu Jennifer , Martin Sally , Pickett Hilda , Cooper-White Justin , Wolvetang Ernst , Mar Jessica C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCellular senescence is characterised by a state of permanent cell cycle arrest. It is accompanied by often variable release of the so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and occurs in response to a variety of triggers such as persistent DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, or oncogene activation. While cellular senescence is a recognised driver of organismal ageing, the extent of heterogeneity within and between different senescent cell populations remains largely unclear. Elucidating the drivers and extent of variability in cellular senescence states is important for discovering novel targeted seno-therapeutics and for overcoming cell expansion constraints in the cell therapy industry. Here we combine cell biological and single cell RNA-sequencing approaches to investigate heterogeneity of replicative senescence in human ESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (esMSCs) as MSCs are the cell type of choice for the majority of current stem cell therapies and senescence of MSC is a recognized driver of organismal ageing. Our data identify three senescent subpopulations in the senescing esMSC population that differ in SASP, oncogene expression, and escape from senescence. Uncovering and defining this heterogeneity of senescence states in cultured human esMSCs allowed us to identify potential drug targets that may delay the emergence of senescent MSCsin vitroand perhapsin vivoin the future.
ATP Binding Facilitates Target Search of SWR1 Chromatin Remodeler by Promoting One-Dimensional Diffusion on DNA
Authors: Carcamo Claudia C. , Poyton Matthew F. , Ranjan Anand , Park Giho , Louder Robert K , Dzu Thuc , Wu Carl , Ha Taekjip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne-dimensional (1D) target search is a well characterized phenomenon for many DNA binding proteins but is poorly understood for chromatin remodelers. Herein, we characterize the 1D scanning properties of SWR1, a yeast chromatin remodeler that performs histone exchange on +1 nucleosomes adjacent to a nucleosome depleted region (NDR) at promoters. We demonstrate that SWR1 has a kinetic binding preference for DNA of NDR length as opposed to gene-body linker length DNA. Using single and dual color single particle tracking on DNA stretched with optical tweezers, we directly observe SWR1 diffusion on DNA. We found that various factors impact SWR1 scanning, including ATP which promotes diffusion through nucleotide binding rather than ATP hydrolysis. A DNA binding subunit, Swc2, plays an important role in the overall diffusive behavior of the complex, as the subunit in isolation retains similar, although faster, scanning properties as the whole remodeler. ATP-bound SWR1 slides until it encounters a protein roadblock, of which we tested dCas9 and nucleosomes. The median diffusion coefficient, 0.024 μm2/sec, in the regime of helical sliding, would mediate rapid encounter of NDR-flanking nucleosomes at length scales found in cells.
Reversible adhesion by type IV pili leads to formation of irreversible localized clusters
Authors: Pepe María Victoria , Dea Celeste , Genskowsky Camila , Capasso Darío , Jäger Adriana Valeria , Peruani Fernando , Kierbel Arlinet 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDespite the fact a fundamental first step in the physiopathology of many disease-causing bacteria is the formation of long-lived, localized, multicellular clusters, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the cluster formation process, particularly on host tissues, remains poorly understood. Experiments on abiotic surfaces suggest that the colonization of a surface by swimming bacteria requires i) irreversible adhesion to the surface, ii) cell proliferation, and iii) a phenotypic transition from an initial planktonic state. Here, we investigate how Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infects a polarized MDCK epithelium and show that contrary to what has been reported on the colonization of abiotic surfaces, PA forms irreversible bacterial clusters on apoptotic epithelial cell without requiring irreversible adhesion, cell proliferation, or a phenotypic transition. By combining experiments and a mathematical model, we reveal that the cluster formation process is regulated by type IV pili (T4P). Furthermore, we unveil how T4P quantitatively operate during adhesion on the biotic surface, finding that it is a stochastic process that involves an activation time, requires the retraction of pili, and results in reversible adhesion with a characteristic attachment time. Using a simple kinetic model, we explain how such reversible adhesion process leads to the formation of irreversible bacterial clusters and quantify the cluster growth dynamics.
Modelling eDNA transport in river networks reveals highly resolved spatio-temporal patterns of freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Carraro Luca , Blackman Rosetta C. , Altermatt Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ever-increasing threats to riverine biodiversity call for the development of novel approaches for a complete assessment of biodiversity across highly resolved spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Past studies on riverine biodiversity patterns were often restricted to spatially scattered data, focused on specific taxonomic groups, and disregarded the temporal dimension, preventing a universal understanding of relationships between biodiversity and stream size across spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Recent advances in the joint use of environmental DNA (eDNA) data and novel mechanistic models for eDNA transport in river networks have the potential to uncover the full structure of riverine biodiversity at an unprecedented spatial resolution, hence providing fundamental insights into ecosystem processes and offering a basis for targeted conservation measures.Here, we applied a mechanistic model (i.e., the eDITH model) to a metabarcoding dataset covering three taxonomic groups (fish, invertebrates and bacteria) and three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) for a 740-km2Swiss catchment, sampled for eDNA at 73 sites.Using the mechanistic model, we upscaled eDNA-based biodiversity predictions to more than 1900 individual reaches, allowing an assessment of patterns ofα- andβ-diversity across seasons and taxonomic groups at a space-filling, fine scale over the whole network.We found that both predictedα- andβ-diversity varied considerably depending on both season and taxonomic group. Predicted fishα-diversity increased in the downstream direction at all seasons, while invertebrate and bacteriaα-diversity either decreased downstream or was not significantly related to position within network, depending on the season. Spatialβ-diversity was mostly found to be decreasing in the downstream direction, and this was the case for all seasons for bacteria. Temporalβ-diversity was mostly found to be increasing downstream. In general, genus richness values predicted by the model were found to be higher than those obtained by directly analyzing the eDNA data. Overall, stream size (subsumed by drainage area) was generally a poor predictor of patterns of predictedα- andβ-diversities. Conversely, riverine biodiversity is shaped by a complex interplay of environmental variables, abiotic and biotic factors, which need be taken into account for a correct assessment of its structure.
The vagus nerve mediates the stomach-brain coherence in rats
Authors: Cao Jiayue , Wang Xiaokai , Chen Jiande , Zhang Nanyin , Liu Zhongming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInteractions between the brain and the stomach shape both cognitive and digestive functions. Recent human studies report spontaneous synchronization between brain activity and gastric slow waves in the resting state. However, this finding has not been replicated in any animal models. The neural pathways underlying this apparent stomach-brain synchrony is also unclear. Here, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging while simultaneously recording body-surface gastric slow waves from anesthetized rats in the fasting vs. postprandial conditions and performed a bilateral cervical vagotomy to assess the role of the vagus nerve. The coherence between brain fMRI signals and gastric slow waves was found in a distributed “gastric network”, including subcortical and cortical regions in the sensory, motor, and limbic systems. The stomach-brain coherence was largely reduced by the bilateral vagotomy and was different between the fasting and fed states. These findings suggest that the vagus nerve mediates the spontaneous coherence between brain activity and gastric slow waves, which is likely a signature of real-time stomach-brain interactions. However, its functional significance remains to be established.
Neural Basis of The Double Drift Illusion
Authors: Steinberg Noah J. , Roth Zvi N. , Movshon J. Anthony , Merriam Elisha P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the “double-drift” illusion, local motion within a window moving in the periphery alters the window’s perceived path. The illusion is strong even when the eyes track a target whose motion matches the window so that the stimulus remains stable on the retina. This implies that the illusion involves the integration of retinal signals with non-retinal eye-movement signals. To identify where in the brain this integration occurs, we measured BOLD fMRI responses in visual cortex while subjects experienced the double drift illusion. We identified a number of cortical areas that responded more strongly during the illusion, but only in area hMT+ was it possible to decode the illusory trajectory. Our results provide evidence for a perceptual representation in human visual cortex that is not linked to retinal position.
GAIT BIOMECHANICS OF RABBITS WITH EITHER ACHILLES OR TIBIALIS CRANIALIS ARTIFICIAL TENDONS
Authors: Hall Patrick T. , Stubbs Caleb , Pedersen Alisha P. , Billings Caroline , Stephenson Stacy M. , Greenacre Cheryl B. , Anderson David E. , Crouch Dustin L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTArtificial tendons have been developed as a replacement for biological tendons with irreparable pathologies and defects. Previous studies reported the mechanical strength and tissue integration of a polyester suture-based artificial tendon, but not its effect on locomotor function. The objective of this study was to quantify the hindlimb biomechanics during hopping gait of New Zealand White rabbits with surgical replacement of either the Achilles (n=2) or tibialis cranialis (TC, n=2) biological tendons with artificial tendons. Once pre-surgery and for five consecutive weeks post-surgery (starting at about two weeks post-surgery), we measured hindlimb kinematics and ground contact pressures with a video camera and pressure mat, respectively. Promisingly, post-surgical locomotor function was either consistent or improved over time in both tendon replacement groups. However, Achilles rabbits exhibited greater immediate post-surgery functional decline and less post-surgical functional recovery than TC rabbits. Compared to healthy rabbits, at the study endpoint, (1) TC rabbits had a 17.3-degree higher (i.e., more plantarflexed) ankle angle at foot strike; and (2) Achilles rabbits had a 39.2-degree lower (i.e., more dorsiflexed) ankle angle at toe off. These functional deficits suggest that the muscles attached to the artificial tendons had lower force-generating capacity. Future studies of artificial tendons are needed to quantify long-term function, determine the effectiveness of structured rehabilitation exercises, and refine surgical implementation.
In vitro activity of ertapenem against Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates with decreased susceptibility or resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins in Nanjing, China (2013-2019)
Authors: Li Xuechun , Le Wenjing , Lou Xiangdi , Genco Caroline A. , Rice Peter A. , Su Xiaohong 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveNeisseria gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Nanjing, China, that possessed decreased susceptibility (or resistance) to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), were examined for susceptibility to ertapenem and their sequence types determined.MethodsCeftriaxone and cefixime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥ 0.125 mg/L and ≥ 0.25 mg/L, respectively, were first determined in 259 strains isolated between 2013 and 2019 and then MICs of ertapenem were measured using the antimicrobial gradient epsilometer test (Etest). Genetic determinants of ESC resistance and multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) were also determined to analyze associations with ertapenem susceptibility.ResultsAll isolates displayed ertapenem MICs between 0.006 mg/L-0.38 mg/L; the overall MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.032 mg/L and 0.125 mg/L. 44 (17.0%) isolates displayed ertapenem MICs of ≥ 0.125 mg/L; 10 (3.9%) had MICs ≥ 0.25 mg/L. The proportion of isolates with ertapenem MICs ≥ 0.125 mg/L increased from 4.0% in 2013, to 20.0% in 2019 (χ2= 24.144, P<0.001; Chi square test for linear trend). The penA mosaic allele was present in a significantly higher proportion of isolates with ertapenem MICs ≥ 0.125 mg/L compared to isolates with MICs ≤ 0.094 mg/L) (97.7% vs. 34.9%, respectively; χ2=58.158, P<0.001). ST5308 was the most prevalent NG-MAST type (8.5%); ST5308 was also significantly more common among isolates with ertapenem MICs ≥ 0.125 mg/L vs. isolates with MICs ≤ 0.094mg/L (22.7% and 5.6% respectively; χ2=13.815, P=0.001).ConclusionsErtapenem may be effective therapy for gonococcal isolates with decreased susceptibility or resistance to ESCs and isolates with identifiable genetic resistance determinants.