bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocation kinetics of vesicles through narrow pores
Authors: Ranguelov Bogdan , Milchev Andrey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We use extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to study the osmotically induced translocation of partially filled vesicles through narrow pores. The dependence of the average translocation time,

, on vesicle size M, pore radius R

p
, and strength of the driving force,

, is examined for vesicles in a broad interval of sizes M. The time

is found to grow with decreasing pore size by an universal scaling law,

, where

denotes the critical pore radius when the vesicle gets stuck in the pore. With regard to applied pressure, P, we find a power law relationship,

, where

with P

cr
being the least pressure that can still drive the vesicle through a pore of size R

p
. The exponent ω varies with R

p
and tends to unity as the pore size narrows,

. In addition,

is found to attain a minimum for an optimal value of the membrane bending rigidity. The variation of vesicle shape, surface area, volume and translocated fraction of the vesicle with time elapsed since the onset of the process is shown to change qualitatively with varying pore size.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Characterization of an All-solid-state Battery with an Anti-perovskite Electrode Material (Li2Fe)SO
Authors: Miura Masaya , Hikima Kazuhiro , Matsuda Atsunori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An all-solid-state battery that used (Li2Fe)SO as the electrode material without a conductive carbon demonstrated a relatively high discharge capacity of approximately 270 mAh g−1 at a high loading ratio of (Li2Fe)SO electrode (90 wt%). This study demonstrated that (Li2Fe)SO with a cubic anti-perovskite structure is suitable as a new electrode material for all-solid-state batteries.
Preexisting Trichinella spiralis infection attenuates the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia
Authors: Long Shao Rong , Shang Wen Xuan , Jiang Miao , Li Jing Fei , Liu Ruo Dan , Wang Zhong Quan , Sun Hualei , Cui Jing 
Published: May 2022

Background
A range of helminth species involve the migration of developing larvae through the lung and establish chronic infections in the host that include potent immune regulatory effects. Trichinella spiralis is one of the most successful parasitic symbiotes. After released by intestinal female adult worms, newborn larvae of T. spiralis travel through the circulatory system to the lung and finally reach skeletal muscle cells. As unique inflammation modulator of intracellular parasitism, T. spiralis shows improved responses to autoimmune disease and viral pulmonary inflammation by exerting immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells.

Methodology/Principal findings
C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: uninfected; helminth- T. spiralis infected; P. aeruginosa infected; and co-infected. Mice infected with T. spiralis were incubated for 6 weeks, followed by P. aeruginosa intranasal inoculation. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, blood and lung samples were analyzed. We found that T. spiralis induced Th2 response in the mouse lung tissue, increased lung CD4+ T cells, GATA3, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 expression. Pre-existing T. spiralis infection decreased lung neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory mediator IL-1β and IL-6 expression and chemokine CXCL1 and CXCL2 release during P. aeruginosa- pneumonia. Furthermore, T. spiralis co-infected mice exhibited significantly more eosinophils at 6 hours following P. aeruginosa infection, ameliorated pulmonary inflammation and improved survival in P. aeruginosa pneumonia.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that a prior infection with T. spiralis ameliorates experimental pulmonary inflammation and improves survival in P. aeruginosa pneumonia through a Th2-type response with eosinophils.
Dengue fever as a reemerging disease in upper Egypt: Diagnosis, vector surveillance and genetic diversity using RT-LAMP assay
Authors: Gaber Mona , Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf , El-Kady Asmaa M. , Tolba Mohammed , Suzuki Yutaka , Mohammed Shereen M. , Elossily Nahed Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Background
The recent increase in dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks and the absence of an effective vaccine have highlighted the importance of developing rapid and effective diagnostic surveillance tests and mosquito-based screening programs. To establish effective control measures for preventing future DENV transmission, the present study was established to identify the main mosquito vector involved in the dengue fever (DF) outbreak in Upper Egypt in 2016 and detect the diversity of dengue virus serotypes circulating in both humans and vectors.

Methods
We investigated the prevalence of DENV infection and circulating serotypes in the sera of 51 humans clinically suspected of DF and 1800 field-collected Aedes aegypti adult female mosquitoes grouped into 36 pooled samples. Both DENV non-structural protein (NS1) immunochromatographic strip assay and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were used for screening.

Results
Overall, the rate of DENV infection in both human sera and pooled mosquito homogenate was 33.3%, as revealed by rapid dipstick immunochromatographic analysis. However, higher detection rates were observed with RT-LAMP assay of 60.8% and 44.4% for humans and vector mosquitoes, respectively. DENV-1 was the most prevalent serotype in both populations. A combination of two, three, or even four circulating serotypes was found in 87.5% of total positive pooled mosquito samples and 83.87% of DENV-positive human sera.

Conclusion
The study reinforces the evidence of the reemergence of Aedes aegypti in Upper Egypt, inducing an outbreak of DENV. Mosquito-based surveillance of DENV infection is important to elucidate the viral activity rate and define serotype diversity to understand the virus dynamics in the reinfested area. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report of serotyping of DENV infection in an outbreak in Egypt using RT-LAMP assay.
A cytokine panel and procalcitonin in COVID-19, a comparison between intensive care and non-intensive care patients
Authors: Mazaheri Tina , Ranasinghe Ruvini , Al-Hasani Wiaam , Luxton James , Kearney Jessica , Manning Allison , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Mare Tracey , Vincent Royce P. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Procalcitonin (PCT) is an acute-phase reactant with concentrations ≥0.5 μg/L indicative of possible bacterial infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Some with severe COVID-19 develop cytokine storm secondary to virally driven hyper-inflammation. However, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines are also seen in bacterial sepsis. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of a cytokine panel in the assessment of COVID-19 with bacterial superinfections along with PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods
The retrospective analysis included serum cytokines (interleukins; IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNFα)) measured using Ella™ (Bio-Techne, Oxford, UK) and PCT measured by Roche Cobas (Burgess Hill, UK) in patients admitted with COVID-19 between March 2020 and January 2021. Patients enrolled into COVID-19 clinical trials, treated with Remdesivir/IL-6 inhibitors were excluded. The cytokine data was compared between intensive care unit (ICU) patients, age matched non-ICU patients and healthy volunteers as well as ICU patients with high and normal PCT (≥0.5 vs. <0.5 μg/L).

Results
Cytokine concentrations and CRP were higher in COVID-19 patients (76; ICU & non-ICU) vs. healthy controls (n = 24), all p<0.0001. IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and were higher in ICU patients (n = 46) vs. non-ICU patients (n = 30) despite similar CRP. Among 46 ICU patients, the high PCT group (n = 26) had higher TNFα (p<0.01) and longer ICU stay (mean 47 vs. 25 days, p<0.05). There was no difference in CRP and blood/respiratory culture results between the groups.

Conclusions
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and PCT were higher in COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission vs. non-ICU admissions despite no difference in CRP. Furthermore, TNFα was higher in those with high PCT and requiring longer ICU admission despite no difference in CRP or rate of bacterial superinfection.
Change in college student health and well-being profiles as a function of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lanza Stephanie T. , Whetzel Courtney A. , Linden-Carmichael Ashley N. , Newschaffer Craig J. 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic has potential for long-lasting effects on college students’ well-being. We examine changes from just before to during the pandemic in indicators of health and well-being and comprehensive profiles of health and well-being, along with links between covariates and profiles during the pandemic.

Participants
1,004 students participated in a longitudinal study that began in November 2019.

Methods
Latent class analysis identified health and well-being profiles at both waves; covariates were included in relation to class membership.

Results
Mental health problems increased, whereas substance use, sexual behavior, physical inactivity, and food insecurity decreased. Six well-being classes were identified at each wave. Baseline class membership, sociodemographic characteristics, living situation, ethnicity, coping strategies, and belongingness were associated with profile membership at follow-up.

Conclusions
COVID-19 has had significant and differential impacts on today’s students; their health and well-being should be considered holistically when understanding and addressing long-term effects of this pandemic.
Blast furnace slag properties at different grinding times and its effect on foam concrete properties
Authors: Vu Kim Dien , Ildarovna Bazhenova Sofya , Nguyen Trong Chuc , Tang Van Lam , Do Minh Chien , Le Van Loi , Nguyen Van Duong , Nguyen Cong Ly , Hoang Minh Thuan 
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the blast furnace slag properties at different grinding times by the dry grinding method. The process of fine grinding blast furnace slag is prepared at different times (10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes). The results indicated that the main component in BFS is the amorphous structure defined in about 25÷35 degrees (with the appearance of Akermanite at 31.1, Calcite at 29.2 and Aragonite at 26.4). The results also showed that the compressive strength and activity index of blast furnace slag increased significantly after extending the grinding time from 0-40 minutes (corresponding to compressive strength from 51.2 ÷ 7 2.1 MPa at 28 days of age and activity index of blast furnace slag from 91.92% -129.44%). The fine grinding process shows that the particle size of blast furnace slag is significantly reduced.
In addition, the paper also presents the effect of finely ground blast furnace slag in 40 minutes on foam concrete properties. Research results show that the use of finely crushed blast furnace slag by the mechanical grinding method to replace sand in foam concrete not only improves the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, the elastic modulus of foam concrete but also protect the environment, reduce product costs.
The Dispute Over the Part-Whole Puzzle in Aristotelian Hylomorphism and Ackrill’s Problem: The Argument inMetaphysicsZ 17, 1041b11-33
Authors: Panayides Christos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the unresolved issues in Aristotle’s hylomorphism is the part-whole puzzle. Some scholars suppose that inMetaphysicsZ 17, 1041b11-33 he endorses non-mereological hylomorphism. This kind of interpretation, however, has been challenged by K. Koslicki who argues that if the evidence inMetaphysicsZ 17 is combined with some related textual and conceptual considerations, then a convincing case can be made for a mereological construal of Aristotelian hylomorphism. This paper does four things. First, it scrutinizes these opposing approaches to Aristotle’s theory. Second, it suggests that to adjudicate the dispute at hand one ought to determine how Aristotle deals with what has come to be known as ‘Ackrill’s problem’. It is proposed that if we consider Aristotle’s theory in light of some distinctions drawn in contemporary discussions of hylomorphism, then it transpires that he does have a solution to Ackrill’s problem. Third, it is shown that his solution to this problem suggests a particular way of settling the debate over the part-whole puzzle. And finally, it is argued that the suggested reconstruction of Aristotelian hylomorphism is consistent with the textual evidence inMetaphysicsZ 17 and its associated texts.
Blood and the Awareness of Perception. From Early Greek Thought to Plato’sTimaeus
Authors: Sassi Maria Michela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper I first address what I consider a central issue in the account of perception in Plato’sTimaeus, namely, how thepathematapass through the body to reach the soul, and thus becomeaistheseis. My point in Section 1 is that in tackling this issue Plato aims to provide a firm physiological basis to the notion of perception that starts to emerge in theTheaetetusand thePhilebusand is crucial to the late development of his theory of cognition. In the ensuing section I try to put the account of perception in theTimaeusinto a historical perspective, aiming to highlight two points: a) Plato’s description of the way in which sensible impressions “travel” inside the body and interact with its parts and other constituents is largely indebted to previous theories, such as those we find, for example, in Empedocles and a few Hippocratic writers; b) The leading role in this story (where internal air plays a significant supporting role) is played by blood flowing through the vascular system and thus performing a crucial cognitive function. Moreover, emphasizing the role of blood as well as analyzing the elaborate way in which perceptions are transmitted through the body to the soul proves vital to appreciate (in Section 3) the cognitive status of the lower parts of the soul (which are more involved in perception) and their relation to reason. Overall, the paper adds further elements to our understanding of Plato’s embodied approach to cognition.I had already written (and submitted) this article when Johansen (2021) was published. The latter’s approach to the role of blood in Plato’s physiology of knowledge in theTimaeusconverges in part with mine (as I was pleased to find out), partly due to our overlapping sources and bibliography.
Three new species of Asteromenia (Hymenocladiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Australia
Authors: Huisman John M. , Saunders Gary W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Three new species of the red algal genus Asteromenia (Hymenocladiaceae, Rhodophyta) are described based on morphological and molecular analyses. DNA analyses of recent collections of topotype specimens of A. examinans from the Houtman Abrolhos Islands (Western Australia) have revealed that the specimens used in earlier studies were misidentified and represent an undescribed species, herein described as A. juliannae. Two additional new species, A. crenulata and A. praetermissa are described from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, respectively. For the most part, the new species showed morphological overlap and could not be discriminated based on morphology alone; DNA sequencing is therefore considered essential for accurate species recognition. The potential for misidentification of morphologically similar specimens highlights the need for sequence analyses and reference barcoding to be based on type or topotype specimens. The adoption of molecular methods in alpha taxonomy has led to the recognition of considerable diversity in the Rhodymeniales and it is envisaged that further collecting will add even more taxa to Australia’s rich algal flora.
Transport stability profiling – a proposed generic protocol
Authors: Willems Lars , Paal Michael , Vogeser Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic samples are exposed to a spectrum of variables during transport to laboratories; therefore, the evaluation of a rather comprehensive stability profile of measurands is warranted. While appropriate testing standards have been established for pharmaceuticals and reagents, this is not the case for diagnostic samples. The aim of our work was to develop and evaluate a protocol applicable to diagnostic samples.

Methods
An isochronous approach with representation of temperature and exposure duration in a two-dimensional matrix was established. The deviations of the measurement results from the baseline associated with the exposure are evaluated with respect to the measurement uncertainty of the analytical measurement procedure applied. Variables of the experiment are documented in a standardized matrix. As a proof-of-concept, we profiled the stability patterns of a number of measurands at four temperature levels over up to 72 h in primary serum sample tubes.

Results
The protocol proved to be workable and allowed the description of a comprehensive stability profile of a considerable number of compounds based on 21 small-volume primary samples collected from each volunteer and exposed according to this protocol.

Conclusions
A straightforward and feasible isochronous protocol can be used to investigate in detail the effects of different pre-processing conditions on the stability of measurands in primary samples during transport to diagnostic laboratories. This is of significance as pre-analytical logistics become increasingly important with the centralization of analytical services.
Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and brain injury in Lyme neuroborreliosis – a prospective follow-up study
Authors: Tjernberg Ivar , Gyllemark Paula , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Ernerudh Jan , Forsberg Pia , Sjöwall Johanna , Henningsson Anna J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels and kinetics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation and brain injury in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).

Methods
Adult patients with clinically suspected LNB were enrolled, in a prospective clinical study in the South East of Sweden. Patients were classified according to the European Federation of Neurological Societies’ guidelines. Definite cases of LNB were re-examined one month later including a repeat CSF investigation. Routine laboratory parameters were investigated along with CSF levels of neurodegenerative markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), total tau (t-tau) and neurofilament light protein (NFL), as well as neuroinflammatory markers soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), YKL-40 and CXCL13. Non-LNB served as controls. An additional comparison group consisted of spinal anesthesia subjects (SAS) without known central nervous system conditions.

Results
CSF levels of sTREM2 and CXCL13 were elevated in definite LNB patients at diagnosis compared with non-LNB patients (p<0.001) and SAS (p≤0.01). In addition, CSF levels of sTREM2, YKL-40 and CXCL13 rapidly declined in at follow-up after antibiotic treatment. In contrast, CSF levels of GFAp and t-tau did not differ across LNB groups, and did not change after treatment.

Conclusions
Although in a limited number of LNB patients, the results indicate a predominance of microglial and neuroinflammatory involvement rather than parenchymal CNS injury in CSF at diagnosis of LNB with a prompt decline after antibiotic treatment. The findings provide pathogenetic insights and may be of value in differential diagnosis of CSF findings.
On Cosymplectic Dynamics I
Authors: Tchuiaga Stephane , Houenou Franck , Bikorimana Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is an introduction to cosymplectic topology. Through it, we study the structures of the group of cosymplectic diffeomorphisms and the group of almost cosymplectic diffeomorphisms of a cosymplectic manifold (M, ω, η) : (i)− we define and present the features of the space of almost cosymplectic vector fields (resp. cosymplectic vector fields); (ii)− we prove by a direct method that the identity component in the group of all cosymplectic diffeomorphisms is C
0−closed in the group Diff∞ (M) (a rigidity result), while in the almost cosymplectic case, we prove that the Reeb vector field determines the almost cosymplectic nature of the C
0−limit ϕ of a sequence of almost cosymplectic diffeomorphisms (a rigidity result). A sufficient condition based on Reeb’s vector field which guarantees that ϕ is a cosymplectic diffeomorphism is given (a ˛exibility condition), the cosymplectic analogues of the usual symplectic capacity-inequality theorem are derived and the cosymplectic analogue of a result that was proved by Hofer-Zehnder follows.
Towards durable and efficient antenna with SAR reduction analysis for on-body applications
Authors: Ejaz Asma , Amin Yasar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is focused on providing a viable solution to wearable antenna performance disconcertment caused by the underlying human body. Direct placement of the antenna on the body yields undesired results owing to the frequency detuning effect. The simplest possible way out is to make use of a metallic reflector. Hence, a reflector backed antenna is presented for 5.8 GHz ISM band with total lateral dimensions of 28 × 28 × 13.58 mm3. The reflector makes use of a conformal high dielectric laminate coated with a thin copper layer owing to which the assembled design achieves low SAR (Specific Absorption Rate). The prototype provides excellent results at the cost of some extra volume occupation in an off-body direction. Another AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) backed technique is followed and implemented separately to have the structural compactness lacking in the former case. The antenna at hand is backed by a 2 × 2 array of AMC unit cells. The overall design dimensions are reduced. The reflector backed design achieves 8.2 dB gain, above 90% efficiency, and 99% bandwidth overlap with the primary antenna. The AMC backed design provides good spectrum coverage from 5.73 to 5.94 GHz with high gain. Free space response, on-body performance, and investigation of SAR analysis of the proposed designs substantiate effective wireless data transfer in body-centric communication.
Enhanced degradation of Rhodamine B dye by Fenton/peracetic acid and photo-Fenton/peracetic acid processes
Authors: Rahmani Ali Reza , Gilan Roya Aazami , Asgari Ghorban , Leili Mostafa , Dargahi Abdollah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including Fenton−Peracetic Acid (PAA) and photo-Fenton− PAA in the removal of the Rodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous solutions were studied. Investigating the effect of operating parameters such as pH (3–9), contact time (2–30 min), PAA concentration (10–80 mg/L), FeCl3.7H2O concentration (10–100 mg/L), and dye concentration (25–500 mg/L) on the performance of AOPs in removal of RhB was considered. The results showed that by decreasing pH and dye concentration, RhB removal efficiency increased. The optimal conditions for removal of RhB using Fenton− PAA process were determined to be as follows: dye concentration = 50 mg/L, pH = 3, PAA concentration = 50 mg/L, contact time = 10 min, and FeCl3 = 50 mg/L; in these conditions, removal efficiency of the RhB was 99.9%. In contrast, the photo-Fenton− PAA process was able to remove this amount of dye in just 5 min. The high performance of the system in a short time is attributed to the synergistic effect of the photo-Fenton− PAA process in the presence of UV. Finally, RhB dye was completely degraded by the photo-Fenton− PAA process and converted into CO2 and H2O products. In general, the photo-Fenton− PAA process compared to other methods can be used as a suitable and reliable method for the treatment of effluents of the dyeing industry and discharge them to the environment.