bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Factors Influence the Hospitalization of Self-Inflicted Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds?
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Chuang Sung-Kiang 
Published: May 2022

Study Design The following retrospective cohort study was competed using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample a database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Objective The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to compare the hospitalization outcomes of managing maxillofacial trauma attempted suicide among handguns, shotguns, and hunting rifles. Methods The primary predictor variable was the type of firearm. The outcome variables were the hospital charges (U.S. dollars) and length of stay (days). We used SPSS version 25 for Mac (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to conduct all statistical analyses. Results A final sample of 223 patients was statistically analyzed. Relative to patients within the Q2 median household income quartile, patients in the Q4 median household income quartile added +$ 172'609 ( P < .05) in hospital charges. Relative to patients living in “central” counties of metro areas, patients in micropolitan counties added +13.18 days ( P < .05) to the length of stay. Relative to patients in the Q2 median household income quartile, patients in Q3 added +9.54 days ( P < .05) while patients in Q4 added +11.49 days ( P < .05) to the length of stay. Conclusions Being within the highest income quartile was associated with increased hospital charges. Patients living in micropolitan counties have prolonged hospitalization relative to patients in metropolitan counties. Relative to the second income quartile, length of stay was higher in the third income quartile and highest in the fourth income quartile. Increase income grants access to deadlier firearms.
Glenoid Version Assessment When the CT Field of View Does Not Permit the Friedman Method: The Robertson Method
Authors: Robertson Douglas D. , Sharma Gulshan B. , McMahon Patrick J. , Karas Spero G. 
Published: May 2022

Background: To improve spatial resolution, current clinical shoulder cross-sectional imaging studies reduce the field of view of the shoulder, excluding the medial scapula border and preventing glenoid version measurement according to the Friedman method. Purpose: To evaluate a method to accurately and reliably measure glenoid version on cross-sectional shoulder images when the medial scapula border is not included in the field of view, and to establish measurements equivalent to the Friedman method. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixty-five scapulae underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning with an optimal shoulder CT-positioning protocol. Glenoid version was measured on CT images of the full scapula using the Friedman method. We developed a measurement method (named the Robertson method) based on the glenoid vault version from partial scapula images, with a correction angle subtracted from the articular-surface-glenoid vault measurement. Comparison with the Friedman method defined the accuracy of the Robertson method. Three observers tested inter- and intraobserver reliability of the Robertson method. Accuracy was statistically evaluated with t tests and reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The statistical distribution of glenoid version was similar to published data,–0.5° ± 3° [mean ± SD]. The initial measurement using the Robertson method resulted in a more retroverted angle compared with the Friedman method, and a correction angle of 7° was then applied. After this adjustment, the difference between the 2 methods was nonsignificant (0.1° ± 4°; P > .65). Reliability of the Robertson method was excellent, as the interrater ICC was 0.77, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 1.1° with P < .001. The intrarater ICC ranged between 0.84 and 0.92, the SEM ranged between 0.9° and 1.2° with P < .01. Conclusion: A validated glenoid version measurement method is now available for current clinical shoulder CT protocols that reliably create Friedman-equivalent values. Clinical Relevance: Friedman-equivalent values may be made from common clinical CTs of the shoulder and compared with prior and future Friedman measurements of the scapula.
Cultivating Innovative Work Behavior of Nurses Through Diversity Climate: The Mediating Role of Job Crafting
Authors: Baig Lubaina D. , Azeem Malik F. , Paracha Adil 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Innovative work behavior of nurses is essential to deliver affordable quality healthcare services. Diversity climate and job crafting are a few of the supportive managerial strategies that can be applied to cultivate the innovative capacity of nurses. Objective Aim for the current study is to: (a) examine the role of diversity climate in cultivating innovative work behavior of nurses directly; and (b) indirectly through job crafting. Methods For this study data was collected through cross-sectional design employing simple random sampling using structured questionnaires from 283 nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS.Amos.21. Results Results revealed the positive influence of diversity climate on innovative work behavior directly (γ = 0.51, p < .001) and indirectly through job crafting (ρ = 0.235, p < .001). Conclusion The current study revealed that diversity climate significantly influences the innovative work behavior of employees directly and indirectly through Job crafting. Healthcare management can integrate diversity management policies and job crafting techniques in their strategies to foster innovative work behavior of nurses.
Secondary Choroidal Neovascularization in Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Li Katie X. , Young Benjamin K. , Besirli Cagri G. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To report a 4-year-old boy with a large, macula-involving combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) lesion with an associated choroidal neovascular membrane involving the fovea, characterized with multimodal imaging. Methods: Case report. Results: Given the low likelihood of visual improvement with intervention, observation was recommended and the CHRRPE remained stable on follow-up 4 months after presentation. Conclusion: CHRRPE is a rare congenital retinal lesion that is variably pigmented. Awareness of rare complications, such as CNVM, as seen in this pediatric case is paramount.
Anesthetic experience does not reduce accidental dural puncture in surgical patients: a retrospective case-controlled study
Authors: Nakadate Yosuke , Nakajima Emi , Ikemoto Kodai , Oguchi Takeshi , Matsukawa Takashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccidental dural puncture (ADP), which is a complication of epidural anesthesia, still exists and leads to worse outcomes in surgical patients. While residency training is important for epidural competency, it remains unknown whether anesthetic experience reduces ADP in surgical patients. Using an incident reporting system along with anesthetic records, this case-controlled study retrospectively investigated risk factors associated with ADP in surgical patients.MethodsPatients who experienced ADP during epidural anesthesia who were registered in the incident reporting system of our institution between April 2012 and March 2019 were enrolled. Patients with ADP were control-matched with those who without ADP in a 1:3 ratio, to compare the potential risk factors and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for ADP. The primary hypothesis was that anesthesiologists’ experience reduces the incidence of ADP. The secondary hypothesis was that there are risk factors for ADP. Between-group differences in anesthesiologists’ experience were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Significance was set atP < 0.05.ResultsThirty-five patients who experienced ADP were identified from the incident reporting system. These were matched with 69 patients who did not experience ADP. There was no difference in the years of experience of anesthesiologists between the groups that did and did not experience ADP (8 [3–20] vs. 9 [3–18] years, respectively;P = 0.65).ConclusionsHaving an experienced anesthesiologist did not guarantee the prevention of ADP. Daily individual training and briefings would be needed to reduce the incidence of ADP.
Serum superoxide dismutase level is a potential biomarker of disease prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by the Hantaan virus
Authors: Tian Zhen , Yao Naijuan , Wu Yuchao , Wang Fei , Zhao Yingren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a disease with increased systemic inflammation and a high fatality rate. Oxidative stress is crucial for inflammation in the pathogeneses of various diseases. We aimed to identify biomarkers of oxidative stress that may assess the severity and disease outcomes of patients with HFRS.

Methods
Between January 2015 and September 2018, we analyzed a retrospective cohort of 149 HFRS patients and 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of SOD were measured using an ELISA commercial kit, and survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Patients with HFRS had significantly lower serum SOD levels compared with healthy controls (108.40 ± 2.47 U/mL vs 164.23 ± 3.82 U/mL, P < 0.01). SOD levels in patients were lower at acute than at convalescent stage (108.40 ± 2.47 U/mL vs 138.27 ± 2.87 U/mL, P < 0.01), and in severe and critical patients than in moderate and mild patients (89.63 ± 2.38 U/mL vs 122.53 ± 3.18 U/mL, P < 0.01). A serum level of SOD < 88.6 U/mL at admission was associated with a significant increase in mortality risk in HFRS patients.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that serum levels of SOD measured at admission can be used to assess disease severity and assign patients into high- and low-risk groups. SOD can be considered a novel biomarker of severity and outcomes in patients with HFRS.
COVID-19-associated leukoencephalopathy in the absence of severe hypoxia with subsequent improvement: a case report
Authors: Kojima Hiroki , Sakamoto Naoya , Kosaka Atsushi , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Amemiya Mitsuo , Washino Takuya , Kuwahara Yusuke , Ishida Takuto , Hikone Mayu , Miike Satoshi , Oyabu Tatsunori , Iwabuchi Sentaro , Nakamura-Uchiyama Fukumi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated leukoencephalopathy have been reported. Although most cases involve hypoxia, the pathophysiological mechanism and neurologic outcomes of COVID-19-associated leukoencephalopathy remain unclear.

Case presentation
We report a case of COVID-19-associated leukoencephalopathy without severe hypoxia in a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with pyelonephritis. After the initiation of intravenous ceftriaxone, her fever resolved, but she developed an altered state of consciousness with abnormal behavior and, subsequently, a relapse fever. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and was intubated. Lung-protective ventilation with deep sedation and neuromuscular blockade were used for treatment. After cessation of sedative administration, her mental status remained at a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. COVID-19 was assumed to have caused leukoencephalopathy due to the absence of severe hypoxia or other potential causes. She subsequently showed gradual neurologic improvement. Three months after the COVID-19 diagnosis, she regained alertness, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15.

Conclusion
Clinicians should consider leukoencephalopathy in the differential diagnosis of consciousness disorders in patients with severe COVID-19, even in the absence of severe hypoxia. Gradual neurologic improvement can be expected in such cases.
mRNA expression of toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8, and 9 in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells of coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Zahra , Rezazadeh Zarandi Ebrahim , Mirabzadeh Mohammad , Amiri Ali , Abbasifard Mitra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The etiopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stem partially from the abnormal activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here in the current investigation, the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evaluated in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Epithelial cells were obtained using nasopharyngeal swab samples from 90 COVID-19 patients and 50 controls. COVID-19 cases were classified into those without symptoms, with symptoms but not hospitalized, and with symptoms and hospitalized. To determine the mRNA expression levels of TLRs, first RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized, and finally Real-time PCR was exerted.

Results
It was seen that the transcript levels of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were overexpressed in the COVID-19 patients with clinical symptoms needing hospitalization as well as in those with clinical symptoms without needing for hospitalization compared to controls. Upregulation of TLRs was associated with clinical presentations of the patients.

Conclusions
Modulation of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 in the epithelial cells of COVID-19 cases may estimate the disease severity and requirement for hospitalization.
How do prenatal people describe their experiences with anxiety? a qualitative analysis of blog content
Authors: Pierce Shayna K. , Reynolds Kristin A. , Hardman Madison P. , Furer Patricia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite elevated prevalence rates of prenatal (antenatal) anxiety across studies (13–21%), and prenatal people’s use of the Internet to search for pregnancy-related information and support, research investigating prenatal people’s experiences with online mental health communication, such as blogs, is lacking. This study examined blog entries focused on anxiety in pregnancy to better understand prenatal people’s Internet discourse concerning their experiences with anxiety.

Methods
A Google search using the keywords “anxiety,” “pregnant,” and “blog” resulted in N = 18 blogs that met inclusion criteria (public blog written in English describing a personal experience with prenatal anxiety in 250 words or more). Blog content was analyzed using a thematic analytic approach based on grounded theory principles.

Results
Three main themes capturing prenatal people’s experiences with anxiety as written in public blog content were developed from qualitative analyses: 1) etiology (subthemes: before pregnancy, during the current pregnancy, related to a previous pregnancy), 2) triggers (subthemes: uncertainty, perceived lack of control, and guilt and shame for not having a normal pregnancy), and 3) symptoms (subthemes: intertwined emotional, cognitive and physical symptoms, in addition to behavioural symptoms).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a need for perinatal professionals to address anxiety symptoms and triggers in pregnancy. One way to address this may be by providing credible information regarding prenatal mental and physical health to pregnant people through online mediums, such as blogs. Bloggers often discussed experiencing a combination of emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioural symptoms, which suggests that medical and mental health professionals should work collaboratively to provide care for prenatal people experiencing anxiety. Furthermore, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) addresses these types of symptoms, which suggests that interventions developed or adapted to meet this populations’ needs could employ this therapeutic approach. Future research should explore the reasons why prenatal people experiencing anxiety engage with blogs, the characteristics of bloggers and readers, the impact of the blogging experience on both the blogger and their audience, and the information quality of blog content.
Longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure and body mass composition in physically active children and adolescents
Authors: Łuszczki Edyta , Bartosiewicz Anna , Kuchciak Maciej , Dereń Katarzyna , Oleksy Łukasz , Adamska Olga , Mazur Artur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Monitoring body composition and changes in energy expenditure during maturation and growth is significant, as many components can influence body structure in adulthood. In the case of young players, when these changes can influence their strength and power, it seems to be equally important. Our aim was to examine whether resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition would change after 10 months from baseline in physically active children and adolescents.

Methods
We obtained data from 80 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years at two measurement points: the baseline in September 2018 and after 10 months in July 2019. The study was carried out using a calorimeter (Fitmate MED, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), a device used to assess body composition using by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of a segment analyzer (TANITA MC-980). The Student’s t-test and linear regression analysis were used. Using the stepwise forward regression procedure, the selection of factors in a statistically significant way that describes the level of REE was made.

Results
We noticed that REE was not significantly different between baseline (1596.94 ± 273.01 kcal) and after 10 months (1625.38 ± 253.26 kcal). When analyzing the difference in REE between studies girls, we found body height as a significant predictor. The results of our study show a negative relationship between growth and REE. Differences between sexes and age in REE between baseline and after 10 months were not significant.

Conclusions
Our study involving physically active children and adolescents, which used repeated objective measures and longitudinal statistical modeling to analyze them, was unable to demonstrate any interaction between body weight change, body composition measurements, and REE.
The impact of ‘grounds’ on abortion-related outcomes: a synthesis of legal and health evidence
Authors: de Londras Fiona , Cleeve Amanda , Rodriguez Maria I. , Lavelanet Antonella F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhere abortion is legal, it is often regulated through a grounds-based approach. A grounds-based approach to abortion provision occurs when law and policy provide that lawful abortion may be provided only where a person who wishes to have an abortion satisfies stipulated ‘grounds’, sometimes described as ‘exceptions’ or ‘exceptional grounds’. Grounds-based approaches to abortion are, prima facie, restrictive as they limit access to abortion based on factors extraneous to the preferences of the pregnant person. International human rights law specifies that abortion must be available (and not ‘merely’ lawful) where the life or health of the pregnant woman or girl is at risk, or where carrying a pregnancy to term would cause her substantial pain or suffering, including but not limited to situations where the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest or the pregnancy is not viable. However, international human rights law does not specify a grounds-based approach as the way to give effect to this requirement. The aim of this review is to address knowledge gaps related to the health and non-health outcomes plausibly related to the effects of a grounds-based approach to abortion regulation. The evidence from this review shows that grounds have negative implications for access to quality abortion and for the human rights of pregnant people. Further, it shows that grounds-based approaches are insufficient to meet states’ human rights obligations. The evidence presented in this review thus suggests that enabling access to abortion on request would be more rights-enhancing than grounds-based approaches to abortion regulation.
Urban and sub-urban disparities in health outcomes among patients with COVID-19; a cross-sectional study of 234 418 patients in Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Mohammad-Reza , Amin Rozhin , Maher Ali , Hannani Khatereh , Alimohammadi Hossein , Zali Ali-Reza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
It remains crucial to understand socio-demographic determinants of COVID-19 infection to improve access to care and recovery rates from the disease. This study aimed to investigate the urban and sub-urban disparities associated with COVID-19 in patients visiting healthcare facilities in the province of Tehran, Iran.

Methods
Data from 234 418 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from March 2020 to March 2021 in the province of Tehran were used in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study population. Chi-Squared test was applied to examine the association of study variables with residing area. Independent samples t-test was performed to compare mean age of patients in urban and sub-urban areas. Multiple Logistic Regression model was applied to examine the association of study variables with disease outcome.

Results
Overall, most patients resided in the urban settings (73%). Mean age of patients was significantly lower in sub-urban areas compared to their counterparts in urban settings (49 ± 23.1 years versus 53 ± 21.1 years, P < 0.001). Positive PCR test results were more common in urban areas (48.5% versus 41.3%, P < 0.001). Yet, sub-urban settings had higher rates of positive chest CT scan reports (62.8% versus 53.4%, P < 0.001). After accounting for age and sex covariates, residing in urban areas was associated with higher likelihood of being admitted to an ICU (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.240-1.305). Yet, a greater vulnerability to fatal outcome of COVID-19 infection was shown in patients living in sub-urban areas (OR = 1.13, CI: 1.105-1.175).

Conclusions
This study revealed a clear disparity in the health outcome of patients infected with COVID-19 between urban and sub-urban areas.
Do medical treatment choices affect the health of chronic patients in middle and old age in China?—Evidence from CHARLS 2018
Authors: Tang Shaoliang , Gong Ying , Yao Ling , Xu Yun , Liu Meixian , Yang Tongling , Ye Chaoyu , Bai Yamei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent medical treatment choices may affect the health of patients with chronic diseases. This study aims to assess the relationship between treatment choices, including the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the health levels of middle-aged and elderly patients with six chronic diseases. The sample data comes from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2018). Basic conditions, medical choices and health status of patients are incorporated. The ordered Logit and Logit regression models are used to analyze and compare the effects of six chronic disease patients’ medical options on their self-rated health (SRH) and depression. The overall average score of SRH is the highest in patients with heart disease (the worst in SRH), which is 3.433. Arthritis patients have the highest overall depression average score (depression) at 0.444. Under the premise of controlling a variety of socio-demographic factors, compared with the non-treatment group, taking TCM has a significant positive effect on SRH of patients with five diseases except hypertension. Both taking western medicine (WM) and taking integrated Chinese and Western medicine (IM) have a significant positive effect on SRH scores of patients with six chronic diseases in middle and old age. Taking TCM has effect on depression of patients with heart or stomach diseases, and taking WM and IM affects depression of middle-aged and elderly chronic patients except diabetes. Taking IM has a greater effect on SRH and depression of chronically ill patients, followed by taking WM, and the effect of taking TCM is relatively small, which is related to the development stage of the disease. Therefore, in the future, the control and treatment of chronic diseases in the middle and late stages can be discussed from the perspective of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, but attention should be paid to drug interactions. In order to improve the treatment rate and health level of patients with chronic diseases, their economic burden should be reduced, and they should be guided to choose more reasonable treatment methods.