bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential associations of positive and negative expectations with depressive symptoms
Authors: Kube Tobias , Herzog Philipp 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent research suggests that dysfunctional expectations are a particularly important subtype of cognitions in depression. However, it is unclear whether depressive symptoms are related to the presence of negative expectations, the absence of positive expectations, or both.MethodsUsing hierarchical linear regression analyses, the present study examined the predictive value of positive situation‐specific expectations, negative situation‐specific expectations, dispositional optimism, and dysfunctional attitudes for depressive symptoms 8 weeks later in a nonclinical sample (N = 157). It also examined whether the relationship between dispositional optimism and dysfunctional attitudes with depressive symptoms is mediated through situational expectations.ResultsCross‐sectionally, depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with the presence of negative expectations than with the absence of positive expectations. In the longitudinal and mediation analyses, none of the cognitive variables had significant associations with depressive symptoms at follow‐up beyond the strong influence of baseline depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe presence of negative expectations was cross‐sectionally more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than a lack of positive expectations, presumably due to higher variability in negative expectations in this nonclinical sample. The longitudinal and mediation analyses failed to find significant incremental effects of any of the cognitive variables because baseline depression explained the largest proportion of variance.
3‐Methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase deficiency: When ascertainment bias confounds a biochemical diagnosis
Authors: Hertzog Ashley , Selvanathan Arthavan , Pandithan Dinusha , Kim Won‐Tae , Kava Maina P. , Boneh Avihu , Coman David , Tolun Adviye Ayper , Bhattacharya Kaustuv 
Published: September 2022

Abstract3‐Methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase deficiency (MGA1) is a defect in leucine catabolism, which causes the accumulation of urinary 3‐methylglutaconate, with or without 3‐hydroxyisovalerate and 3‐methylglutarate. It is an ultra‐rare condition, with <30 cases published in the literature. It is unclear whether the clinical features seen in reported patients are caused by the biochemical abnormalities, or whether they simply represent an ascertainment bias in patients that come to clinical attention. We reviewed the collective Australian experience of patients with confirmed MGA1, four of whom were diagnosed when asymptomatic through newborn screening (NBS). When our cohort is considered alongside the broader literature, there is no clear evidence of a specific childhood‐onset clinical phenotype associated with this disorder. Some patients have non‐specific clinical features (such as autism spectrum disorder [ASD]); however, there are also other family members with ASD in the absence of MGA1, suggesting a multifactorial aetiology. Importantly, all four patients diagnosed through NBS (including three with over 18 years of clinical follow‐up) remain asymptomatic in the absence of treatment. Based on the available literature, we suggest that MGA1 represents a biochemical phenotype, with an absence of a childhood clinical phenotype. The burdens of sustained treatment (particularly with intensive dietary leucine restriction) in asymptomatic individuals may be of little benefit, and likely to result in poor compliance. Longer‐term follow‐up of patients detected via NBS (or biochemical screening of large cohorts of asymptomatic adult individuals) will be required to conclusively prove or disprove the association with adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy.
Cricopharyngeus Muscle Dysfunction and Hypopharyngeal Diverticula (e.g., Zenker): A Multicenter Study
Authors: Howell Rebecca J. , Ekbom Dale , Kasperbauer Jan , Tabangin Meredith , Altaye Mekibib , Wahab Shaun , Belafsky Peter , Allen Jacqui , Amin Milan , Bayan Semirra , Cervenka Brian , deSilva Brad , Dion Greg , Friedman Aaron , Fritz Mark , Giliberto John Paul , Guardiani Elizabeth , Harmon Jeffrey , Khosla Sid , Kim Brandon , Kuhn Maggie , Kwak Paul , Ma Yue , Madden Lyndsay , Matrka Laura , Mayerhoff Ross , Piraka Cyrus , Rosen Clark , Wilson Keith , Wright Carter , Young Vyvy , Yuen Sonia , Postma Greg 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo describe demographics and imaging and compare findings and symptoms at presentation in a large cohort of persons with cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPMD) with and without hypopharyngeal diverticula.MethodologyProspective, multicenter cohort study of all individuals enrolled in the Prospective OUtcomes of Cricopharyngeal Hypertonicity (POUCH) Collaborative. Patient survey, comorbidities, radiography, laryngoscopy findings, and patient‐reported outcome measures (e.g., Eating Assessment Tool [EAT‐10]) data were abstracted from a REDCap database and summarized using means, medians, percentages, and frequencies. Diagnostic categories were compared using analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 250 persons were included. The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the cohort was 69.0 (11.2). Forty‐two percent identified as female. Zenker diverticula (ZD) was diagnosed in 85.2%, 9.2% with CPMD without diverticula, 4.4% with a Killian Jamieson diverticula (KJD), and 1.2% traction‐type diverticula. There were no differences between diagnostic categories in regard to age, gender, and duration of symptoms (p = 0.25, 0.19, 0.45). The mean (SD) EAT‐10 score for each group was 17.1 (10.1) for ZD, 20.2 (9.3) for CPMD, and 10.3 (9.4) for KJD. Patients with isolated CPMD had significantly greater EAT‐10 scores compared to the other diagnostic groups (p = 0.03).ConclusionZD is the most common, followed by CPMD without diverticula, KJD, and traction‐type. Patients with isolated obstructing CPMD may be more symptomatic than persons with ZD or KJD.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1349–1355, 2023
Surfactant Protein A can Affect the Surface Tension of the Eustachian Tube and Macrophage Migration
Authors: Li Guodong , Chen Tao , Mao Yanyan , Ai Yu , Yan Wenqing , Lu Yanqing , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo , Li Li 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the role and possible mechanism of surfactant protein A (SPA) in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).MethodsThis was a multi‐part study with both an in vivo mouse model study as well as an in vitro study. The control and study groups (OME group) received phosphate‐buffered saline and inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively, via external auditory meatus injections. Changes in the surface tension of secretions from the eustachian tube (ET) and SPA expression were measured in both groups. A transwell assay was performed to observe the effect of different concentrations of SPA on the migration ability of macrophages. We examined the differentially expressed genes related to SPA‐treated macrophages using RNA‐seq analysis.ResultsOn Day 3, the surface tension of the OME group was higher than that of the control group (p = 0.014). The variation intensity of SPA in the ET of the OME group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Surface tension was correlated with SPA (r = −0.525, p = 0.037). The expression of SPA and macrophages in the ET was different between the two groups. In vitro experiments revealed that macrophages showed different migration abilities with SPA concentration changes (p < 0.05). RNA‐seq and western blotting were performed after macrophages were treated with SPA. The results showed that RhoA and Rac1/2/3 were differentially expressed.ConclusionsSPA can change the surface tension of secretions from the ET and affect macrophage migration to alter the function of the ET. Although research in this field of OME is nascent, initial work suggests that SPA likely plays an important role in OME progression.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1726–1733, 2023
Global desert expansion during the 21st century: Patterns, predictors and signals
Authors: Wu Shuyao , Liu Laibao , Li Delong , Zhang Wentao , Liu Kaidu , Shen Jiashu , Zhang Linbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDesert expansion can cause tremendous damage to human wellbeing. However, the process of shifting from the non‐desert state to the desert state, a representation of a system regime shift, remains unclear on a global scale. Clarifying the underpinning patterns, predictors and signals of this process is of great value in advancing our understanding of both ecosystem resilience and sustainable development. Here, we combine the climate classification map and long‐term observational land cover data to assess the global desert distribution and its changes from 2000 to 2019. The identified desert areas covered approximately 7.53% of the global land in the past two decades. Only approximately 16.03% of these deserts showed expanding trends, especially in countries such as Tunisia, Tajikistan, and Peru. After assessing 26 climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors that could potentially influence desert expansion rates, vegetation cover diversity was identified as the strongest predictor in both hot and cold deserts, followed by cattle density in hot deserts and desert size in cold deserts. In addition, we also found that pronouncedly high fluctuations in vegetation productivity could serve as a possible signal for desert conversion. Our results provide not only a long‐term overview of current global desert changing patterns but also possible guidance for constraining desert expansion.
The fungal feeding channel of the soil micro‐food web contributes to the transformation of exogenous C into soil C—A 13C labelling microcosm experiment
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bingxue , Wang Han , Zhang Xiaoke , Cui Shuyan , An Tingting , Fu Shifeng , Mahamood Mohammad , Zhang Di , Wang Jingkuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant residue is an important carbon (C) source for soil communities that motivates underground C cycling. However, the effects of plant residue quantity on the structure of the soil micro‐food web and the transformation of exogenous C within the micro‐food web after increasing organic input are not known. Thus, a microcosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of soil micro‐food web (including microorganisms and nematodes) to different amounts of 13C‐labelled maize residue addition treatments [without residue addition, 1/3 (1/3R), 2/3 (2/3R) and total residue addition (R)]. The abundances of residue 13C in CO2 (13CO2), soil organic C (SO13C), microorganisms (13C‐microorganisms) and nematodes (13C‐nematodes) were determined after 1, 7, 35 and 84 days. Increasing organic input changed the micro‐food web composition and increased the amount of 13C‐bacteria, 13C‐fungi and 13C‐fungivores but not 13C‐bacterivores. The result of the 13C‐based network showed that bacterivores were positively correlated with omnivores‐predators at the early stage after increasing organic input, while fungivores were at the late stage. Greater 13CO2/SO13C but lower SO13C/total 13C input ratios were found in the R than in the 1/3R treatment at the early stage. At the late stage, the R treatment decreased both 13CO2/total 13C input and 13CO2/SO13C ratios. We concluded that increasing organic input strengthened the trophic interactions between microorganisms and nematodes. The transformation of exogenous C from bacteria to bacterivores might accelerate the turnover of soil C pool, however, the C flow from fungi to fungivores and then to omnivores‐predators could contribute to the exogenous C sequestration in soil.
Optimal timing of salvage intratympanic steroids in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Wu Yongzhen , Song Zijun , Wang Yi , Zhao Hui , Ren Tongli , Jing Jianghua , Gao Na , Qiao Liang , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSalvage intratympanic steroids (ITS) works in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) after failure of initial therapy, but optimal timing of administration is unknown.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy patients with ISSNHL were included. Among them, 180 were treated with ITS and standard medical treatment (SMT) and the other 90 received SMT along. The hearing threshold before and after salvage treatment were compared. The relationship between the salvage starting time and hearing recovery was analyzed.ResultsThe hearing of ITS group improved more than that of the SMT group in all frequency bands. The effect of both strategies decreases with the delay of the starting time. ITS can improve hearing even if being administrated 5 weeks after onset while SMT failed after 3 weeks.ConclusionPatients with profound ISSNHL can obtain extra hearing recovery from salvage ITS. The earlier salvage starts, the greater the patient benefits.
Respiration regimes in rivers: Partitioning source‐specific respiration from metabolism time series
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Argerich Alba , Kominoski John S. , Oviedo‐Vargas Diana , Savoy Philip , Scarlett Rachel , von Schiller Daniel , Heffernan James B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRespiration in streams is controlled by the timing, magnitude, and quality of organic matter (OM) inputs from internal primary production and external fluxes. Here, we estimated the contribution of different OM sources to seasonal, annual, and event‐driven characteristics of whole‐stream ecosystem respiration (ER) using an inverse modeling framework that accounts for possible time‐lags between OM inputs and respiration. We modeled site‐specific, dynamic OM stocks contributing to ER: autochthonous OM from gross primary production (GPP); allochthonous OM delivered during flow events; and seasonal pulses of leaf litter. OM stored in the sediment and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported during baseflow were modeled as a stable stock contributing to baseline respiration. We applied this modeling framework to five streams with different catchment size, climate, and canopy cover, where multi‐year time series of ER and environmental variables were available. Overall, the model explained between 53% and 74% of observed ER dynamics. Respiration of autochthonous OM tracked seasonal peaks in GPP in spring or summer. Increases in ER were often associated with high‐flow events. Respiration associated with litter inputs was larger in smaller streams. Time lags between leaf inputs and respiration were longer than for other OM sources, likely due to lower biological reactivity. Model estimates of source‐specific ER and OM stocks compared well with existing measures of OM stocks, inputs, and respiration or decomposition. Our modeling approach has the potential to expand the scale of comparative analyses of OM dynamics within and among freshwater ecosystems.
Generalized Coherent Photogalvanic Effect in Coherently Seeded Waveguides
Authors: Yakar Ozan , Nitiss Edgars , Hu Jianqi , Brès Camille‐Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coherent photogalvanic effect leads to the generation of a current under the absorption interference of coherent beams and allows for the inscription of space‐charge gratings leading to a second‐order susceptibility (χ(2)). The inscribed grating automatically results in quasi‐phase‐matching between the interfering beams. Theoretical and experimental studies, considering the degenerate case of second‐harmonic generation, show significant conversion efficiency enhancements. However, the link between the theory and experiment is not fully established such that general guidelines and achievable conversion efficiency for a given material platform are still unclear. In this work, the phenomenological model of coherent photogalvanic effect in optical waveguides is theoretically analyzed. This model predicts the existence of non‐degenerate sum‐frequency generation quasi‐phase‐matching gratings, which is confirmed experimentally for the first time. Furthermore, the time dynamics of the space‐charge grating inscription in coherent photogalvanic process is formulated. Based on the developed theoretical equations, the material parameters governing the process for stoichiometric silicon nitride are extracted. The results obtained provide a basis to compare the performances and potentials of different platforms. This work not only supplements the theory of coherent photogalvanic effect, but also enables us to identify critical parameters and limiting factors for the inscription of χ(2) gratings.
Gaps, Controversies, and Proposed Roadmap for Research in Poststroke Movement Disorders
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Joutsa Juho , Mehanna Raja , Shukla Aparna Wagle , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTPoststroke movement disorders (PSMDs) are a common cause of secondary movement disorders. Although prior studies have highlighted the clinical spectrum and phenomenology of PSMDs, there are many knowledge gaps worth addressing. Some of the most important include lack of clinical definitions, variable stroke symptom latencies, and lack of biomarkers for vulnerability for or resilience against developing PSMDs. Collectively, the association between stroke localization and phenomenology is less than 30%, and the long‐term clinical prognosis and treatment responses are highly variable. After summarizing the accumulated evidence regarding the phenomenology, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and treatment of PSMDs, highlighting the many gaps and controversies including diagnostic challenges, we propose a roadmap for future research to fill these gaps and resolve the related controversies. More research is warranted concerning the phenomenology, classification, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology of PSMDs. Further, there is an urgent need for treatment guidelines for the management of PSMDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Information disclosure with endogenous channel structure
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Guan Xu , Bian Yiwen , Huang Song 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the firms' optimal quality information disclosure strategies in a supply chain, wherein the supplier may encroach into the retail channel to sell products directly to end consumers. We consider two disclosure formats, namely, retailer disclosure (R‐C) and supplier disclosure (S‐C), and examine the optimal disclosure format from each firm's perspective. We show that either firm prefers to delegate the disclosure option to its partner when the supplier cannot encroach. However, the threat of supplier encroachment dramatically alters the firm's preference of disclosure. The supplier may prefer the S‐C format to the R‐C format when the entry cost is low and the disclosure cost is high to achieve a higher quality information transparency. Meanwhile, the retailer may prefer the R‐C format to the S‐C format when the entry cost is intermediate to deter the possible encroachment of the supplier. In this sense, the firms' preferences of disclosure format can be aligned due to the threat of supplier encroachment. The consumer surplus is always higher under the S‐C format while either disclosure format can lead to a higher social welfare. We also consider an alternative scenario under which the supplier encroaches after the product quality information is disclosed. An interesting observation appears that the supplier may encroach when the product quality is low but foregoes encroachment when the product quality gets higher.
ICU quasi‐speciality nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding early mobilization: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Xia , Jiang Chunxia , Chen Fang , Wu Hualian , Yang Li , Jiang Zhixia , Zhou Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimEarly mobilization (EM) improves critical illness survivors' clinical outcomes. This study examines ICU quasi‐specialty nurses' EM‐related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP).DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at a provincial ICU specialty nurse training site from 2019 to 2021. KAP data were collected using a self‐report questionnaire.MethodsParticipants were registered nurses enrolled in the training programme; 485 nurses from 188 hospitals completed the questionnaire.ResultsOf the participants, 37.7% had EM training, and 30.7% reported their wards performed EM. Median (IQR) scores for knowledge, attitudes and practices were 14.0 (4.0), 47.0 (9.0) and 37.0 (8.0), belonging to medium, high and medium levels. Scores were lowest for EM scope, implementation indicators and out‐of‐bed mobilization. There were significant deviations in KAP scores amongst nurses at different levels of hospitals with EM training and whose departments performed EM. Significant positive correlations between knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice were identified.
Failure modes and effects analysis of pediatric I‐131 MIBG therapy: Program design and potential pitfalls
Authors: Maughan Nichole M. , Garcia‐Ramirez Jose L. , Huang Frederick S , Willis Daniel N. , Iravani Amir , Amurao Maxwell , Luechtefeld David , Mhlanga Joyce C. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Zoberi Jacqueline E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest among pediatric institutions for implementing iodine‐131 (I‐131) meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy for treating children with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Due to regulations on the medical use of radioactive material (RAM), and the complexity and safety risks associated with the procedure, a multidisciplinary team involving radiation therapy/safety experts is required. Here, we describe methods for implementing pediatric I‐131 MIBG therapy and evaluate our program's robustness via failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).MethodsWe formed a multidisciplinary team, involving pediatric oncology, radiation oncology, and radiation safety staff. To evaluate the robustness of the therapy workflow and quantitatively assess potential safety risks, an FMEA was performed. Failure modes were scored (1–10) for their risk of occurrence (O), severity (S), and being undetected (D). Risk priority number (RPN) was calculated from a product of these scores and used to identify high‐risk failure modes.ResultsA total of 176 failure modes were identified and scored. The majority (94%) of failure modes scored low (RPN <100). The highest risk failure modes were related to training and to drug‐infusion procedures, with the highest S scores being (a) caregivers did not understand radiation safety training (O = 5.5, S = 7, D = 5.5, RPN = 212); (b) infusion training of staff was inadequate (O = 5, S = 8, D = 5, RPN = 200); and (c) air in intravenous lines/not monitoring for air in lines (O = 4.5, S = 8, D = 5, RPN = 180).ConclusionThrough use of FMEA methodology, we successfully identified multiple potential points of failure that have allowed us to proactively mitigate risks when implementing a pediatric MIBG program.
The development of self–other overlap from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Meng Xiangran , Sedikides Constantine , Luo Yu L. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the developmental course of self–other overlap from mid‐childhood to late adolescence. Results showed that the development of self–other overlap varied across relationship type: whereas self–stranger overlap increased, overlap with mother, father, friend, and classmate all decreased, with that for parents decreasing most.