bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5th/11th century chronicler from Tripoli
Authors: Montel Aurélien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is generally believed that Tripolitanian historiography began with the chronicle of Muḥammad b. Ghalbūn in the first half of the 12th century AH/18th century AD, before expanding in the 13th/19th. This pattern tends to forget that other players – unfortunately now lost – predated that modern historical writing. The oldest one seems to be related to a Tripolitanian scholar, ʽAlī b. ʽAbd Allāh b. Maḥbūb al-Ṭarābulusī, who lived at the end of the 5th/11th century/beginning of the 6th/12th, who settled in the East and wrote a short chronicle to give an account of the history of his hometown. This article aims to gather all the data related to him and his works, to show the formation of a local memory in the wake of the political autonomy acquired by Tripoli from the beginning of the 5th/11th century.
Triadic conflict “primitives” can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios
Authors: Qi Wenhao , Vul Edward , Schachner Adena , Powell Lindsey J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPietraszewski proposes four triadic “primitives” for representing social groups. We argue that, despite surface differences, these triads can all be reduced to similar underlying welfare trade-off ratios, which are a better candidate for social group primitives. Welfare trade-off ratios also have limitations, however, and we suggest there are multiple computational strategies by which people recognize and reason about social groups.
Neural automated writing evaluation for Korean L2 writing
Authors: Lim KyungTae , Song Jayoung , Park Jungyeul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough Korean language education is experiencing rapid growth in recent years and several studies have investigated automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems, AWE for Korean L2 writing still remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a state-of-the-art neural model AWE system which can be widely used for Korean language teaching and learning. Based on a Korean learner corpus, the proposed AWE is developed using natural language processing techniques such as part-of-speech tagging, syntactic parsing, and statistical language modeling to engineer linguistic features and a pre-trained neural language model. This study attempted to determine how neural network models use different linguistic features to improve AWE performance. Experimental results of the proposed AWE tool showed that the neural AWE system achieves high reliability for unseen test data from the corpus, which implies metrics used in the AWE system can help differentiate different proficiency levels and predict holistic scores. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the proposed linguistic features–syntactic complexity, quantitative complexity, and fluency–offer benefits that complement neural automated writing evaluation.
In utero Ramadan exposure and child nutrition
Authors: Chu Hoi , Goli Srinivas , Rammohan Anu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we empirically analyse whether in utero exposure to the Ramadan fasting period is negatively associated with child nutrition. The data for the analyses come from a retrospective assessment of 759,799 children from 103 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 56 countries during 2003–2020. Considering the month-long Ramadan exposure as a natural experiment, we implement an intent-to-treat framework, comparing stunting and underweight among children aged 0–5 years who were exposed to Ramadan fasting at any time in utero with those who were not exposed. Our findings do not show significant evidence to conclude that in utero exposure to the Ramadan fasting period is negatively associated with child nutrition. On the contrary, except for stunting in Muslim children who had in utero exposure to Ramadan fasting during the first months of pregnancy, we find no significant association between in utero exposure to Ramadan fasting and child stunting and underweight. Our main results are robust to multiple robustness checks.
Modeling Preferential Water Flow and Pesticide Leaching to Drainpipes: The Effect of Drain‐Connecting and Matrix‐Terminating Biopores
Authors: Holbak M. , Abrahamsen P. , Diamantopoulos E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiopores and cracks in soils act as fast transport pathways for water and solute, potentially leading to pesticide leaching shortly after application. The biopore module in the agrohydrological model Daisy was developed to simulate preferential water flow directly to drainpipes, in drain‐connecting biopores, and to deeper soil layers, in matrix‐terminating biopores. We tested the biopore module in Daisy against field measurements of water flow and transport of bentazone and imidacloprid after application to a cracking clay field. We generated two model concepts, drain‐connecting biopores (DCB) with drain‐connecting biopores and drain‐connecting and matrix‐terminating biopore (DCMTB) with both drain‐connecting and matrix‐terminating biopores. Parameters describing the biopores were estimated by inverse modeling of observations of water flow and pesticide concentrations in drains. After calibration, both models satisfactorily simulated water flow and pesticide leaching to drains (root‐mean‐square error (RMSE)‐observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) < 0.1). Particularly, the results showed that the models were able to describe the high concentration of bentazone in drain water shortly after application. Thus, the simpler DCB model preformed just as well or better than the more complex DCMTB model (ΔAIC = 4.68 [AIC, Akaike information criteria]). Discrepancies between observations and simulations in the beginning of the drainage season were attributed to the limitations that arise when simulating dynamic DCB flow paths with a static biopore model. The pesticide distribution in the field over time was well represented, especially by the DCMTB model. We therefore conclude that Daisy can simulate fast breakthrough of pesticides in drain water and describe very well pesticide concentration in drain water throughout the drainage season.
Classification of Stratosphere Winter Evolutions Into Four Different Scenarios in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Mariaccia A. , Keckhut P. , Hauchecorne A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong the 70 northern hemisphere winters from 1950 to 2020, 61 have been classified into four independent scenarios with a new technique based on analyzing empirical orthogonal functions of stratospheric zonal wind fluctuation patterns at the edge of the polar vortex. These four scenarios represent a typical zonal wind evolution in the stratosphere modulated by timings of stratospheric warmings occurring in winter. First, there are three scenarios (January mode, February mode, and Double mode) for which the polar vortex generally breaks down with a reversing of zonal winds in midwinter, known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) events, at different times. The last one is a non‐perturbed scenario with two under‐modes for which only the timing of the polar vortex transition to its summer state differs, either radiative or dynamical. Consistently with these wind patterns, the wave‐1 and wave‐2 anomaly evolutions confirm that these scenarios are associated with independent dynamics behaviors and significant differences between wave‐1 and wave‐2 activities. We found that the wave‐1 anomaly evolutions drop systematically for each scenario when the stratospheric winds weaken, while this correlation with the wave‐2 anomaly evolutions is not observed for all scenarios. These different dynamical behaviors confirm that the scenarios are either mainly dynamically driven by wave‐1 or both driven by wave‐1 and wave‐2. Until early December, the modes possess similar increasing evolutions of the wave‐1 activity due to the seasonal cycle. After, the scenarios separate, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the winter unfolding act in the previous months.
Formulation of a Consistent Multi‐Species Canopy Description for Hydrodynamic Models Embedded in Large‐Scale Land‐Surface Representations of Mixed‐Forests
Authors: Bohrer G. , Missik J. E. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe plant hydrodynamic approach represents a recent advancement to land surface modeling, in which stomatal conductance responds to water availability in the xylem rather than in the soil. To provide a realistic representation of tree hydrodynamics, hydrodynamic models must resolve processes at the level of a single modeled tree, and then scale the resulting fluxes to the canopy and land surface. While this tree‐to‐canopy scaling is trivial in a homogeneous canopy, mixed‐species canopies require careful representation of the species properties and a scaling approach that results in a realistic description of both the canopy and individual‐tree hydrodynamics, as well as leaf‐level fluxes from the canopy and their forcing. Here, we outline advantages and pitfalls of three commonly used approaches for representing mixed forests in land surface models and present a new framework for scaling vegetation characteristics and fluxes in mixed forests. The new formulation scales fluxes from the tree to canopy level in an energy‐ and mass‐conservative way and allows for a consistent multi‐species/multi‐type canopy description by hydrodynamic models.
Phycosphere pH of unicellular nano- and micro- phytoplankton cells and consequences for iron speciation
Authors: Liu Fengjie , Gledhill Martha , Tan Qiao-Guo , Zhu Kechen , Zhang Qiong , Salaün Pascal , Tagliabue Alessandro , Zhang Yanjun , Weiss Dominik , Achterberg Eric P , Korchev Yuri 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Surface ocean pH is declining due to anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 uptake with a global decline of ~0.3 possible by 2100. Extracellular pH influences a range of biological processes, including nutrient uptake, calcification and silicification. However, there are poor constraints on how pH levels in the extracellular microenvironment surrounding phytoplankton cells (the phycosphere) differ from bulk seawater. This adds uncertainty to biological impacts of environmental change. Furthermore, previous modelling work suggests that phycosphere pH of small cells is close to bulk seawater, and this has not been experimentally verified. Here we observe under 140 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 the phycosphere pH of Chlamydomonas concordia (5 µm diameter), Emiliania huxleyi (5 µm), Coscinodiscus radiatus (50 µm) and C. wailesii (100 µm) are 0.11 ± 0.07, 0.20 ± 0.09, 0.41 ± 0.04 and 0.15 ± 0.20 (mean ± SD) higher than bulk seawater (pH 8.00), respectively. Thickness of the pH boundary layer of C. wailesii increases from 18 ± 4 to 122 ± 17 µm when bulk seawater pH decreases from 8.00 to 7.78. Phycosphere pH is regulated by photosynthesis and extracellular enzymatic transformation of bicarbonate, as well as being influenced by light intensity and seawater pH and buffering capacity. The pH change alters Fe speciation in the phycosphere, and hence Fe availability to phytoplankton is likely better predicted by the phycosphere, rather than bulk seawater. Overall, the precise quantification of chemical conditions in the phycosphere is crucial for assessing the sensitivity of marine phytoplankton to ongoing ocean acidification and Fe limitation in surface oceans.
Bimodal regulation of axonal transport by the GDNF-RET signalling axis in healthy and diseased motor neurons
Authors: Rhymes Elena R. , Tosolini Andrew P. , Fellows Alexander D. , Mahy William , McDonald Neil Q. , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeficits in axonal transport are one of the earliest pathological outcomes in several models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including SOD1G93Amice. Evidence suggests that rescuing these deficits prevents disease progression, stops denervation, and extends survival. Kinase inhibitors have been previously identified as transport enhancers, and are being investigated as potential therapies for ALS. For example, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and insulin growth factor receptor 1 have been shown to rescue axonal transport deficits in vivo in symptomatic SOD1G93Amice. In this work, we investigated the impact of RET, the tyrosine kinase receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), as a modifier of axonal transport. We identified the fundamental interplay between RET signalling and axonal transport in both wild-type and SOD1G93Amotor neurons in vitro. We demonstrated that blockade of RET signalling using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdown enhances signalling endosome transport in wild-type motor neurons and uncovered a divergence in the response of primary motor neurons to GDNF compared with cell lines. Finally, we showed that inhibition of the GDNF-RET signalling axis rescues in vivo transport deficits in early symptomatic SOD1G93Amice, promoting RET as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ALS.
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutations important for infection of mice and escape from human immune sera
Authors: Rathnasinghe Raveen , Jangra Sonia , Ye Chengjin , Cupic Anastasija , Singh Gagandeep , Martínez-Romero Carles , Mulder Lubbertus C. F. , Kehrer Thomas , Yildiz Soner , Choi Angela , Yeung Stephen T. , Mena Ignacio , Gillespie Virginia , De Vrieze Jana , Aslam Sadaf , Stadlbauer Daniel , Meekins David A. , McDowell Chester D. , Balaraman Velmurugan , Corley Michael J. , Richt Juergen A. , De Geest Bruno G. , Miorin Lisa ,   PVI study group, Kleiner Giulio , Saksena Miti , Srivastava Komal , Gleason Charles R. , Bermúdez-González Maria C. , Beach Katherine F. , Russo Kayla T. , Sominsky Levy A. , Ferreri Emily D. , Chernet Rachel L. , Eaker Lily Q. , Salimbangon Ashley-Beathrese T. , Jurczyszak Denise , Alshammary Hala , Mendez Wanni A. , Amoako Angela A. , Fabre Shelcie , Awawda Mahmoud H. , Shin Amber S. , Krammer Florian , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Simon Viviana , García-Sastre Adolfo , Schotsaert Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to differences in human and murine angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, initially available SARS-CoV-2 isolates could not infect mice. Here we show that serial passaging of USA-WA1/2020 strain in mouse lungs results in “mouse-adapted” SARS-CoV-2 (MA-SARS-CoV-2) with mutations in S, M, and N genes, and a twelve-nucleotide insertion in the S gene. MA-SARS-CoV-2 infection causes mild disease, with more pronounced morbidity depending on genetic background and in aged and obese mice. Two mutations in the S gene associated with mouse adaptation (N501Y, H655Y) are present in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). N501Y in the receptor binding domain of viruses of the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 and B.1.1.529 lineages (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Omicron variants) is associated with high transmissibility and allows VoCs to infect wild type mice. We further show that S protein mutations of MA-SARS-CoV-2 do not affect neutralization efficiency by human convalescent and post vaccination sera.
Biomimetic generation of the strongest known biomaterial found in limpet tooth
Authors: Rumney Robin M. H. , Robson Samuel C. , Kao Alexander P. , Barbu Eugen , Bozycki Lukasz , Smith James R. , Cragg Simon M. , Couceiro Fay , Parwani Rachna , Tozzi Gianluca , Stuer Michael , Barber Asa H. , Ford Alex T. , Górecki Dariusz C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe biomaterial with the highest known tensile strength is a unique composite of chitin and goethite (α-FeO(OH)) present in teeth from the Common Limpet (Patella vulgata). A biomimetic based on limpet tooth, with corresponding high-performance mechanical properties is highly desirable. Here we report on the replication of limpet tooth developmental processes ex vivo, where isolated limpet tissue and cells in culture generate new biomimetic structures. Transcriptomic analysis of each developmental stage of the radula, the organ from which limpet teeth originate, identifies sequential changes in expression of genes related to chitin and iron processing. We quantify iron and chitin metabolic processes in the radula and grow isolated radula cells in vitro. Bioinspired material can be developed with electrospun chitin mineralised by conditioned media from cultured radula cells. Our results inform molecular processes behind the generation of limpet tooth and establish a platform for development of a novel biomimetic with comparable properties.
Modulating mitofusins to control mitochondrial function and signaling
Authors: Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Agianian Bogos , Kumar MV Vasantha , Biris Nikolaos , Garner Thomas P. , Rabinovich-Nikitin Inna , Ouchida Amanda T. , Margulets Victoria , Nordstrøm Lars Ulrik , Riley Joel S. , Dolgalev Igor , Chen Yun , Wittig Andre J. H. , Pekson Ryan , Mathew Chris , Wei Peter , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Tait Stephen W. G. , Kirshenbaum Lorrie A. , Kitsis Richard N. , Gavathiotis Evripidis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitofusins reside on the outer mitochondrial membrane and regulate mitochondrial fusion, a physiological process that impacts diverse cellular processes. Mitofusins are activated by conformational changes and subsequently oligomerize to enable mitochondrial fusion. Here, we identify small molecules that directly increase or inhibit mitofusins activity by modulating mitofusin conformations and oligomerization. We use these small molecules to better understand the role of mitofusins activity in mitochondrial fusion, function, and signaling. We find that mitofusin activation increases, whereas mitofusin inhibition decreases mitochondrial fusion and functionality. Remarkably, mitofusin inhibition also induces minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization followed by sub-lethal caspase-3/7 activation, which in turn induces DNA damage and upregulates DNA damage response genes. In this context, apoptotic death induced by a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic is potentiated by mitofusin inhibition. These data provide mechanistic insights into the function and regulation of mitofusins as well as small molecules to pharmacologically target mitofusins.
Multi-scale computer-aided design and photo-controlled macromolecular synthesis boosting uranium harvesting from seawater
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Lan Youshi , Jia Jianfeng , Geng Yiyun , Dai Xiaobin , Yan Litang , Hu Tongyang , Chen Jing , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Ye Gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy integrating multi-scale computational simulation with photo-regulated macromolecular synthesis, this study presents a new paradigm for smart design while customizing polymeric adsorbents for uranium harvesting from seawater. A dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) approach, combined with a molecular dynamics (MD) study, is performed to simulate the conformational dynamics and adsorption process of a model uranium grabber, i.e., PAOm-b-PPEGMAn, suggesting that the maximum adsorption capacity with atomic economy can be achieved with a preferred block ratio of 0.18. The designed polymers are synthesized using the PET-RAFT polymerization in a microfluidic platform, exhibiting a record high adsorption capacity of uranium (11.4 ± 1.2 mg/g) in real seawater within 28 days. This study offers an integrated perspective to quantitatively assess adsorption phenomena of polymers, bridging metal-ligand interactions at the molecular level with their spatial conformations at the mesoscopic level. The established protocol is generally adaptable for target-oriented development of more advanced polymers for broadened applications.
Soliton walls paired by polar surface interactions in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Basnet Bijaya , Rajabi Mojtaba , Wang Hao , Kumari Priyanka , Thapa Kamal , Paul Sanjoy , Lavrentovich Maxim O. , Lavrentovich Oleg D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurface interactions are responsible for many properties of condensed matter, ranging from crystal faceting to the kinetics of phase transitions. Usually, these interactions are polar along the normal to the interface and apolar within the interface. Here we demonstrate that polar in-plane surface interactions of a ferroelectric nematic NF produce polar monodomains in micron-thin planar cells and stripes of an alternating electric polarization, separated by $${180}^{{{{{{\rm{o}}}}}}}$$

180

o

domain walls, in thicker slabs. The surface polarity binds together pairs of these walls, yielding a total polarization rotation by $${360}^{{{{{{\rm{o}}}}}}}$$

360

o

. The polar contribution to the total surface anchoring strength is on the order of 10%. The domain walls involve splay, bend, and twist of the polarization. The structure suggests that the splay elastic constant is larger than the bend modulus. The $${360}^{{{{{{\rm{o}}}}}}}$$

360

o

pairs resemble domain walls in cosmology models with biased vacuums and ferromagnets in an external magnetic field.
Nanoscale organization of two-dimensional multimeric pMHC reagents with DNA origami for CD8+ T cell detection
Authors: Sun Yueyang , Yan Lu , Sun Jiajia , Xiao Mingshu , Lai Wei , Song Guangqi , Li Li , Fan Chunhai , Pei Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeptide-MHC (pMHC) multimers have excelled in the detection of antigen-specific T cells and have allowed phenotypic analysis using other reagents, but their use for detection of low-affinity T cells remains a challenge. Here we develop a multimeric T cell identifying reagent platform using two-dimensional DNA origami scaffolds to spatially organize pMHCs (termed as dorimers) with nanoscale control. We show that these dorimers enhance the binding avidity for low-affinity antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). The dorimers are able to detect more antigen-specific T cells in mouse CD8+T cells and early-stage CD4+CD8+double-positive thymocytes that express less dense TCRs, compared with the equivalent tetramers and dextramers. Moreover, we demonstrate dorimer function in the analysis of autoimmune CD8+T cells that express low-affinity TCRs, which are difficult to detect using tetramers. We anticipate that dorimers could contribute to the investigation of antigen-specific T cells in immune T cell function or immunotherapy applications.
Investigating the mechanical behaviour of Fukushima MCCI using synchrotron Xray tomography and digital volume correlation
Authors: Paraskevoulakos Charilaos , Forna-Kreutzer Joachim Paul , Hallam Keith R. , Jones Christopher P. , Scott Thomas B. , Gausse Clemence , Liu Dong , Reinhard Christina , Corkhill Claire L. , Mostafavi Mahmoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA primary target towards the clean-up operation of the Fukushima disaster is the retrieval of Molten Core-Concrete Interaction (MCCI) products, presently residing on the basement of the damaged nuclear reactor Units 1–3. MCCI is a fusion of materials, composed of both nuclear fuel cladding and neighbouring structural components. Determining the currently unknown, physical and mechanical properties of MCCI is essential for successful and timely retrieval. In this paper, we aim to experimentally quantify the mechanical properties of a material fabricated to resemble MCCI. A small-scale representative specimen was mechanically tested using Hertzian indentation stepwise loading. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography was conducted at several loading stages to reveal the sample microstructure and mechanical degradation. The acquired tomograms were analysed by digital volume correlation to measure full-field displacements and strains developed within the sample volume. Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio were determined via this combined methodology.