bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Characterisation of RGD-FBG Based Nanoscaffolds as Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System
Authors: Patel Deepa , Pathak Drashti 
Published: February 2022

Aims/Objective: To formulate and evaluate RGD sequenced fibrin/fibrinogen based nanoscaffolds (acid-labile linker) for the treatment of brain tumor targeting to achieve an acid-triggered drug release under a mild acidic condition in tumor.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, between 2017 to 2021.
Methodology: Nanoscaffolds was prepared with Drug–linker–Fbg conjugate solution, using modified water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification/solvent extraction method. The conjugate solution was constantly injected in soya lecithin (100 ml) using a syringe (1 ml/min) and stirred using Magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to form stable a W/O emulsion. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate with Particle size, Zeta potential measurement, Percent drug entrapment, Transmission electron microscopy.
Results: As per Evaluation parameters were performed such as Particle size measured as 151.8±2.02 nm to 157.4 ± 3.81 nm. Zeta Potential was found that -37.1±6.32, Percent Drug Entrapment was 91.4±0.37 which indicates that the drug release of lyophilised FBG based nanoscaffolds was indicatively higher as compared to FBG based nanoscaffolds (alone).
Conclusion: As per the study design the formulated nanoscaffolds were found to impart the drug release based on their particle size and percent drug entrapment and hence fights against cancer cells in brain by their EDC-NHS chemistry. Drug of choice Everolimus along with Fbg based nanoscaffolds offers better biocompatibility by exposing dual responsiveness at acidic environment in tumors. The results of in-vitro drug release reveals the better uptake of drug at targeted site of action.
Assessment of Relation of Serum Uric Acid & Micro Albuminuria in the Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Shah Madiha , Aziz Asif , Ashraf Sarwat , Husain Shirjeel , Bano Razia , Fatima Syeda Nargis , Shams Salman 
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the serious and life perilous complications of diabetes mellitus. Prolong duration of diabetes, no proper care and management, poor glycemic control in diabetic nephropathy can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
Objective: To assess the relation of serum uric acid & micro albuminuria in the patients of diabetes mellitus for early detection of diabetic nephropathy.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, LUMHS Jamshoro, with a total of 80 diabetic patients as case study subjects and 80 non-diabetic healthy participants as controls. Random glucose was measured using the gluco oxidase technique, and serum uric acid was measured using the uricase enzyme method in a calorimeter. Immunoterbidimetory kit technique was used to calculate microalbuminuria.
Results: The mean value of random blood sugar (RBS) in the control group was 135 ± 10.11 mg/dl, but RBS in the case study group was 224 ± 13.52 mg/dl, indicating that RBS in the case study group was extremely significant (P < 0.001). The mean serum uric acid level in the control group was 4.7 ± 0.6 mg/dl, while it was 6.6 ± 1.4 mg/dl in the case study group, which is highly significant (P <0.001) with correlation (r= 0.34). Albumin in urine in the control group was 10 .2 ± 1.78 mg/gm, while it was 54± 10.34mg/gm in the case study group, which is a significant (P< 0.05) increase in the case study group with correlation (r= 0.28). In diabetics, serum uric acid and microalbuminuria show a positive connection.
Conclusion: This study concluded that there is strong positive relation of serum uric acid and micro albuminuria in diabetic patients for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluation of Anti Inflammatory and Anti Oxidant Activities of Osbeckia crinite
Authors: Kalita Pallab , Medhi Simanta , Borah Sudarshana , Bhargav G. K. , Alam Faruk 
Published: February 2022

Background: Inflammation is a major condition associated with various diseases. Osbeckia crinita (Family- Melastomataceae) plants found in Meghalaya has the traditional beliefs to treat in the various disorders including various inflammatory disorders.
Objective: Evaluate the antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities of the leaves of Osbeckia crinita.
Methods: DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Carrageenan induced paw edema in mice.
Results: In the plant extract, various phytoconstituents are present including flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids etc. Methanolic extract of Osbeckia crinita prominently showed free radical scavenging activities. The extract exhibited statistically significant inhibition of paw volume in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The study highlights the efficacy of Osbeckia crinita which is an ancient tradition, used in North eastern part of India. This ancient concept should be carefully evaluated in the light of modern medical science and can be utilized partially if found suitable.
Outcomes of an Early Childhood Hearing Screening Program in a Low-Income Setting
Authors: Brodie Kara D. , David Abel P. , Kriss Hayley , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: February 2022

ImportanceEarly identification of childhood hearing loss through newborn hearing screening mitigates permanent speech, language, and developmental delays, but many children are lost to follow-up or develop postnatal hearing loss. Early childhood hearing screening programs may help identify these children, but evidence on their outcomes is limited.ObjectiveTo assess outcomes from a low-income, preschool-based hearing screening program and risk factors for hearing loss in this population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study of 6820 children aged 2 to 6 years from urban, low-income public preschools who received hearing screening from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2019, was performed using San Francisco Department of Public Health records. A multivariate logistic regression analyzed risk factors for hearing loss. Data analysis was conducted from January 14, 2020, to April 20, 2021.ExposuresAnnual single-visit, 2-tiered screening was implemented with conditioned play pure-tone audiometry (CPA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (OAEs).Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of successful screening, referred screening, loss to follow-up, and hearing loss.ResultsOf 6820 children (age, 2-6 years) screened, 3425 (50.2%) were boys, 15% were White/non-Hispanic, and 48% had English as the primary home language. A total of 403 (5.9%) children were referred for full medical or audiologic evaluation after 2-tiered CPA/OAE screening. Only 24 children were unable to complete both CPA and OAE testing for a screening completion rate of 99.6%. After medical evaluation, 114 of 403 children (28.3%) passed hearing rescreening and 55 (13.6%) were lost to follow-up. The prevalence of conductive hearing loss was 2.9% (n = 195), and the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 0.2% (n = 13). Primary language, race and ethnicity, and sex were not associated with rates of referral or hearing loss.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that preschool-based screening programs can be a useful method to identify early childhood hearing loss and that teacher concerns are associated with final diagnostic hearing status.
Youth perceptions of prevention norms and peer violence perpetration and victimization: A prospective analysis
Authors: Waterman Emily A. , Banyard Victoria L. , Edwards Katie M. , Mauer Victoria A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to prospectively examine the extent to which social norms perceptions regarding commitment to ending sexual violence are associated with subsequent peer victimization and perpetration experiences. Two types of social norms perceptions were examined: 1) peer norms (perceptions of norms among other students in their city), and 2) adult norms (perceptions of norms among adults in their city). Participants were 1259 middle and high school youth from a single school district (three high schools and five middle schools) who completed online surveys at two‐time points, 6 months apart. Adolescents for whom perceptions of peer norms were one standard deviation or more above and below the mean of actual norms were “over‐perceivers” and “under‐perceivers,” respectively. Overperceivers overestimated their peers' commitment to ending sexual violence, whereas underperceivers underestimated their peers' commitment to ending sexual violence. Other adolescents were “accurate perceivers”; these adolescents were accurate in their estimation of their peers' commitment to ending sexual violence. In general, underperceivers (22.2% of the sample) were more likely than accurate perceivers (77.8% of the sample) to subsequently experience peer‐to‐peer perpetration and victimization. Adolescents who perceived adults to have a higher commitment to ending sexual violence were less likely to report subsequent perpetration and victimization for some forms of peer‐to‐peer violence. These findings highlight the potential promise of the social norms approaches to prevent peer‐to‐peer violence among youth which aligns with increasing calls in the field to integrate these approaches into comprehensive sexual violence prevention.
Nanoengineered Neutrophils as a Cellular Sonosensitizer for Visual Sonodynamic Therapy of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhou Jing‐e , Luo Tengshuo , Wang Jing , Kang Liqing , Wang Yeying , Luo Shenggen , Wang Zhehao , Zhou Ziyu , Zhu Jiaxi , Yu Jiahui , Yu Lei , Yan Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid evolution of cell‐based theranostics has attracted extensive attention due to their unique advantages in biomedical applications. However, the inherent functions of cells alone cannot meet the needs of malignant tumor treatment. Thus endowing original cells with new characteristics to generate multifunctional living cells may hold a tremendous promise. Here, the nanoengineering method is used to combine customized liposomes with neutrophils, generating oxygen‐carrying sonosensitizer cells with acoustic functions, which are called Acouscyte/O2, for the visual diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Specifically, oxygen‐carried perfluorocarbon and temoporfin are encapsulated into cRGD peptide modified multilayer liposomes (C‐ML/HPT/O2), which are then loaded into live neutrophils to obtain Acouscyte/O2. Acouscyte/O2 can not only carry a large amount of oxygen but also exhibits the ability of long circulation, inflammation‐triggered recruitment, and decomposition. Importantly, Acouscyte/O2 can be selectively accumulated in tumors, effectively enhancing tumor oxygen levels, and triggering anticancer sonodynamics in response to ultrasound stimulation, leading to complete obliteration of tumors and efficient extension of the survival time of tumor‐bearing mice with minimal systemic adverse effects. Meanwhile, the tumors can be monitored in real time by temoporfin‐mediated fluorescence imaging and perfluorocarbon (PFC)‐microbubble‐enhanced ultrasound imaging. Therefore, the nanoengineered neutrophils, i.e., Acouscyte/O2, are a new type of multifunctional cellular drug, which provides a new platform for the diagnosis and sonodynamic therapy of solid malignant tumors.
The Compressive Strength Prediction for FRP‐Confined Concrete in Circular Columns by Applying the Normalized AlexNet‐ELM and the Advanced Red Fox Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Cui Wenming , Zhao Li‐Cai , Xu Yi‐Peng , Mamlooki Mina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) can be widely utilized in civil engineering because of their helpful features like high corrosion resistance for aggressive surroundings and high strength to weight ratio. By providing a lateral confining pressure, the concrete compressive strength is increased. Giving an analytic model that can forecast the FRP strength is the purpose of this study. This model is according to the normalized AlexNet Extreme Learning Machine and the Advanced Red Fox Optimization Algorithm (AlexNet‐ELM‐ARFO). The AlexNet‐ELM‐ARFO algorithm's innovation includes a formulation of an analytic relation, which doesn't attend to the established effectiveness parameter that is in the models introduced in the literature. An extended empirical dataset is utilized for defining the suggested formulation's variables. The suggested model is applied to circular columns including continuous FRP. The predictions’ validation is shown by parametric research and the precision is examined by an empirical against theoretic comparison. A supplementary comparison is demonstrated with consideration of the theoretic prediction gained from the given method and the formulations’ results using significant design codes. Outcomes prove that the used method is adapted to the FRP‐confined concrete design and ensures an improved precision in comparison with respect to the available competitors.
Progress in Diamanes and Diamanoids Nanosystems for Emerging Technologies
Authors: Tiwari Santosh K. , Pandey Raunak , Wang Nannan , Kumar Vijay , Sunday Olusegun J. , Bystrzejewski Michał , Zhu Yanqiu , Mishra Yogendra Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew materials are the backbone of their technology‐driven modern civilization and at present carbon nanostructures are the leading candidates that have attracted huge research activities. Diamanes and diamanoids are the new nanoallotropes of sp3hybridized carbon which can be fabricated by proper functionalization, substitution, and via Birch reduction under controlled pressure using graphitic system as a precursor. These nanoallotropes exhibit outstanding electrical, thermal, optical, vibrational, and mechanical properties, which can be an asset for new technologies, especially for quantum devices, photonics, and space technologies. Moreover, the features like wide bandgap, tunable thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation, etc. make diamanes and diamanoids ideal candidates for nano‐electrical devices, nano‐resonators, optical waveguides, and the next generation thermal management systems. In this review, diamanes and diamanoids are discussed in detail in terms of its historical prospect, method of synthesis, structural features, broad properties, and cutting‐edge applications. Additionally, the prospects of diamanes and diamanoids for new applications are carefully discussed. This review aims to provide a critical update with important ideas for a new generation of quantum devices based on diamanes and diamanoids which are going to be an important topic in the future of carbon nanotechnology.
Tuning Resistive Switching Behavior by Controlling Internal Ionic Dynamics for Biorealistic Implementation of Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Yoo Sangmin , Wu Yuting , Park Yongmo , Lu Wei D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMemristive devices have demonstrated rich switching behaviors that closely resemble synaptic functions and provide a building block to construct efficient neuromorphic systems. It is demonstrated that resistive switching effects are controlled not only by the external field, but also by the dynamics of various internal state variables that facilitate the ionic processes. The internal temperature, for example, works as a second‐state variable to regulate the ion motion and provides the internal timing mechanism for the native implementation of timing‐ and rate‐based learning rules such as spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). In this work, it is shown that the 2nd state‐variable in a Ta2O5‐based memristor, its internal temperature, can be systematically engineered by adjusting the material properties and device structure, leading to tunable STDP characteristics with different time constants. When combined with an artificial post‐synaptic neuron, the 2nd‐order memristor synapses can spontaneously capture the temporal correlation in the input streaming events.
Effects of long‐term exposure to TDCPP in zebrafish (Danio rerio) – Alternations of hormone balance and gene transcriptions along hypothalamus‐pituitary axes
Authors: Liu Xiaoshan , Lu Xiaoxun , Hong Jiabin , Zhang Jing , Lin Juntong , Jiang Mengzhu , Liu Qian , Choi Kyungho , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTDCPP is one of the major chemical of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) that has been detected ubiquitously in both the environment and biota. Previously we observed that it influenced the concentrations of sex and thyroid hormones in a sex‐dependent pattern, leading to reproductive impairments after short‐term exposure in zebrafish. Here we investigate the consequences of longer‐term exposure to TDCPP on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonad (HPG), hypothalamic‐pituitary‐interrenal (HPI), and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axes of zebrafish (Danio rerio).MethodsA 120‐day exposure test to 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L TDCPP was initiated with fertilized eggs. Sex steroid hormones in the treated fishes were measured and transcriptional changes were analyzed.ResultsIn female fish, exposure to TDCPP resulted in increases in plasma cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β‐estradiol (E2), cortisol, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Transcription of most target genes along HPG, HPI and HPT axes were increased by the exposure. While in male fish the exposure led to decreases in cortisol, FSH, LH, T4, T3, testosterone (T), and 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT). Transcription of genes along HPG, HPI and HPT axes, especially steroidogenic genes, were inhibited in male zebrafish. While, E2/T or E2/11‐KT ratio was increased in both female and females. The sex‐dependent changes in hormones might be due to differential responses to TDCPP induced stresses. An increase in cortisol level coincided with increases in E2 and THs in female fish, while in males decreases in cortisol as well as T, 11‐KT and THs were observed. Long‐term exposure to TDCPP at very low (μg/L) concentrations could disrupt hormone balances in a sex dependent way.ConclusionThis study revealed that TDCPP could affect endocrine axes – HPG, HPI and HPT – in zebrafish, and impair zebrafish development.
Eine einzige stabilisierende Punktmutation ermöglicht hochaufgelöste Co‐Kristallstrukturen des Adenosin‐A2A‐Rezeptors mit Preladenant‐Konjugaten
Authors: Claff Tobias , Klapschinski Tim A. , Tiruttani Subhramanyam Udaya K. , Vaaßen Victoria J. , Schlegel Jonathan G. , Vielmuth Christin , Voß Jan H. , Labahn Jörg , Müller Christa E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDer G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Adenosin‐A2A‐Rezeptor (A2AAR) stellt eine wichtige neue (potentielle) Arzneistoff‐Zielstruktur für die Immunonkologie und für neurodegenerative Erkrankungen dar. Preladenant und dessen Derivate gehören zu den wirksamsten A2AAR‐Antagonisten mit außerordentlich hoher Selektivität. Kristallstrukturen des humanen A2AARs wurden bereits gelöst, meist unter Verwendung des A2A‐StaR2‐Proteins, welches 9 Punktmutationen aufweist; eine Co‐Kristallisation mit Preladenant‐Derivaten gelang allerdings bisher nicht. Wir haben nun ein neues A2AAR‐Konstrukt mit nur einer Punktmutation (S913.39K) entwickelt, die den Rezeptor besonders stark stabilisiert. Dieses ermöglichte die Co‐Kristallisation von zwei neuen Preladenant‐Derivativen, dem Polyethylenglykol‐konjugierten (PEGylierten) PSB‐2113 und dem Fluorophor‐markierten PSB‐2115. Die erhaltenen Kristallstrukturen (mit 2.25 Å und 2.6 Å Auflösung) liefern Erklärungen für die hohe Potenz und Selektivität von Preladenant‐Derivaten. Es handelt sich um die ersten Kristallstrukturen von G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCR) im Komplex mit PEG‐ bzw. Fluorophor‐konjugierten Liganden. Die verfolgte Strategie ist vermutlich auf weitere Klasse‐A‐GPCR übertragbar.
Reactivity Differences Enable ROS for Selective Ablation of Bacteria
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Yang Mengyao , Kim Ji Seon , Wang Rui , Kim Gyoungmi , Ha Jeongsun , Kim Heejeong , Cho Yejin , Nam Ki Taek , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn effective strategy to engineer selective photodynamic agents to surmount bacterial‐infected diseases, especially Gram‐positive bacteria remains a great challenge. Herein, we developed two examples of compounds for a proof‐of‐concept study where reactive differences in reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce selective ablation of Gram‐positive bacteria. Sulfur‐replaced phenoxazinium (NBS‐N) mainly generates a superoxide anion radical capable of selectively killing Gram‐positive bacteria, while selenium‐substituted phenoxazinium (NBSe‐N) has a higher generation of singlet oxygen that can kill both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. This difference was further evidenced by bacterial fluorescence imaging and morphological changes. Moreover, NBS‐N can also successfully heal the Gram‐positive bacteria‐infected wounds in mice. We believe that such reactive differences may pave a general way to design selective photodynamic agents for ablating Gram‐positive bacteria‐infected diseases.
Single Stabilizing Point Mutation Enables High‐Resolution Co‐Crystal Structures of the Adenosine A2A Receptor with Preladenant Conjugates
Authors: Claff Tobias , Klapschinski Tim A. , Tiruttani Subhramanyam Udaya K. , Vaaßen Victoria J. , Schlegel Jonathan G. , Vielmuth Christin , Voß Jan H. , Labahn Jörg , Müller Christa E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe G protein‐coupled adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) is an important new (potential) drug target in immuno‐oncology, and for neurodegenerative diseases. Preladenant and its derivatives belong to the most potent A2AAR antagonists displaying exceptional selectivity. While crystal structures of the human A2AAR have been solved, mostly using the A2A‐StaR2 protein that bears 9 point mutations, co‐crystallization with Preladenant derivatives has so far been elusive. We developed a new A2AAR construct harboring a single point mutation (S913.39K) which renders it extremely thermostable. This allowed the co‐crystallization of two novel Preladenant derivatives, the polyethylene glycol‐conjugated (PEGylated) PSB‐2113, and the fluorophore‐labeled PSB‐2115. The obtained crystal structures (2.25 Å and 2.6 Å resolution) provide explanations for the high potency and selectivity of Preladenant derivatives. They represent the first crystal structures of a GPCR in complex with PEG‐ and fluorophore‐conjugated ligands. The applied strategy is predicted to be applicable to further class A GPCRs.
Thermal induced intrinsic self‐healing in epoxy based elastomer coatings provided by disulfide metathesis reactions
Authors: Eidi Morteza , Zamani Pedram Mona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf‐heal epoxy coatings have been prepared using sulfur–sulfur metathesis reaction as an intrinsic method for inducing self‐healing property. Inducing of the self‐healing property was carried out via insertion of the 3,3′‐dithiodipropionic acid as chain extender functionalized with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. According to the results, the prepared coatings were capable to recover their mechanical properties after damage and heal their surface as well. Noticeably, the healing yield of the coatings was about 43% and 76% for the samples containing 0.5 and 1.0 equivalents of chain extender, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the self‐heal coating were modified in the presence of the disulfide bonds from 0.22 MPa to 1.25 MPa. Regarding to the increment of the crosslinking density due to the presence of the sulfur containing chain expender, the average molecular weights between crosslinkings was reduced from 43.75 × 103 g mol−1 in epoxy sample to 4.61 × 103 g mol−1 in sulfur containing sample. The proposed facilitate method for inducing the self‐healing property make it applicable to a wide range of epoxy coatings.