bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Nicotine Concentration Labels Improve Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Understanding of the Nicotine Strength of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Products
Authors: Morean Meghan E , Wackowski Olivia A , Eissenberg Thomas , Delnevo Cristine D , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Gueorguieva Ralitza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarette liquid nicotine concentrations typically are labeled as mg/mL or percent, which poorly convey nicotine strength to users. We evaluated whether four novel nicotine concentration labels better convey information about nicotine strength and addictiveness.

Methods
Adolescents and young adults (N = 826) completed an online survey in 2020. Participants rated nicotine concentrations (3, 6, 18, 30, 40, and 50 mg/mL) from “no nicotine” to “very high nicotine” communicated using current market labels (mg/mL, percent) and four new labels (text-based, caution sign-shaped, horizonal stoplight, vertical thermometer) which used color, symbols, and verbal strength descriptors. Participants reported on perceived addictiveness for all labels viewed and rank-ordered labels on perceived ability to convey information accurately.

Results
Participants ranked the vertical (77%) and horizontal (70%) labels in first or second place and mg/mL (59.1%) and percent (47.2%) in last or second-to-last place. All new labels conveyed nicotine strength more accurately than did market labels (M[SD] correct of 6: percent = 1.50[1.08]; mg/mL = 2.14[1.52]; caution = 5.23[1.37]; vertical thermometer = 5.28[1.51]; text = 5.33[1.36]; horizontal stoplight = 5.47[1.14]), with the horizontal label also outperforming the thermometer and caution labels. Underestimating nicotine strength was uncommon among all new labels (4.7–6.8%). The new labels also were associated with increased perceived addictiveness at higher concentrations (30, 40, and 50 mg/mL), although the thermometer label underperformed the others. When considering perceived nicotine strength, rates of strength underestimates, perceived addictiveness, and rank ordering, the horizontal stoplight label performed best.

Conclusions
Novel labeling could improve understanding of nicotine strength and e-cigarette-related risk.

Implications
Extending prior research showing that adolescents and young adults who use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) have difficulty understanding nicotine concentrations labeled using mg/mL and percent nicotine, the current study demonstrates that novel nicotine concentration labels can improve understanding of nicotine strength and influence perceptions of addictiveness among young ENDS users. While four novel labels were tested, each outperforming current market labeling, the novel label that resembles a horizontal stoplight performed best. The study provides proof-of-concept that creating an easy-to-understand nicotine concentration label is possible and that new labeling better conveys information about nicotine strength and addictiveness.
‘Crescendo transient ischemic attack’—an uncommon presentation of a very common disease: a case report on capsular warning syndrome
Authors: Payus Alvin Oliver , Ibrahim Azliza , Sheaker Vinushini Chandra , Yahya Wan Nur Nafisah Wan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Capsular warning syndrome is a rare presentation of transient ischaemic attack, which described as recurrent episodes of motor and/or sensory deficits which typically sparring the cortical function. It has a significant risk to progress into a massive stroke with permanent disability, thus important to be recognise early. Here, we report a middle-age gentleman with no known medical illness presented with eight episodes of transient ischaemic attack within the span of 24 h. He was treated with double anti-platelet for 21 days and was not subjected to thrombolysis at time of presentation because it was outside the window period of 4.5 h, and has fully recovered after each episode. The purpose of this case report is to share the uncommon clinical presentation of transient ischaemic attack, which is still not fully understood and warrant more studies especially on the treatment that can affect the progression of the disease.
Durkheim, Pragmatism, and Sociology
Authors: Pudal Romain 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to Durkheim’s critical reading of pragmatism mainly in his one-year course in 1913–1914. In spite of the similarities that exist, according to Durkheim, between sociology and pragmatism, he develops a series of theoretical objections against this philosophy, especially concerning the concept of truth. This chapter examines these objections and discusses their political and ideological context, because Durkheim’s positions can also be understood in the context of a French appropriation of pragmatism that is strongly marked by irrationalism. Indeed, pragmatism had a real success in France at the turn of the twentieth century, but more on the side of the spiritualist philosophers in the tradition of Bergson. It was most often used as a kind of intellectual weapon against the dominant rationalism of the French university of the time, of which Durkheim was a prominent figure.
the Birth of Soviet Underground Culture in the 1930s
Authors: Vinokour Maya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the underground culture of the Stalinist 1930s, focusing on the literary corpus that formed the core of the samizdat canon of the late Soviet period. Readers in the 1960 and 1970s produced and circulated illegal copies of works by a veritable “who’s who” of early Soviet culture, including Anna Akhmatova’s Requiem (1934–1963); Isaac Babel’s short stories, Evgenii Zamiatin’s We (1920–1921); Mikhail Zoshchenko’s Before Sunrise (1935–1942); poems by Nikolai Gumilev, Boris Pasternak, Marina Tsvetaeva, and Osip Mandelstam; Andrei Platonov’s Chevengur (1926–1928) and The Foundation Pit (1930), and even Maxim Gorky’s Untimely Thoughts (1918), a taboo work by the “father of Socialist Realism” himself. Ultimately, texts like Mikhail Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita (1928–1940) and Lydia Chukovskaya’s Sofia Petrovna attest to the blurriness of the concept of the “underground” in the 1930s.
From a Social Constructivist to a Decolonizing Critical Sociocultural Approach
Authors: Herrenkohl Leslie Rupert , Jackson Ashley , Ten Brink Jared , Easley Kathleen M. , DellaVecchia Gabriel P. , Sullivan Palincsar Annemarie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article discusses decolonial critical sociocultural approaches to human learning and invites readers to imagine their place in ongoing research and activism inspired by this approach. The article begins by discussing how academic psychology and education have historically centered a White middle-class stance and have not fully recognized and engaged scholarship by people of color. An objective of this article is to more fully account for the BIPOC perspectives in social constructivist perspectives on learning. Part 1 of the article traces the roots of a decolonial critical sociocultural approach in social constructivist, sociocultural, and critical approaches to learning. Part 2 of the article presents ways in which contemporary researchers, often in partnership with community members, expose inequities and press for change, informed by a critical sociocultural perspective. Four levers for change are presented including the following: building just and equitable learning ecologies, recognizing multiple resources and pathways to reach multiple goals, leading with relationships while acknowledging and dismantling systems of power, and undertaking infrastructure work in the pursuit of more just and equitable learning. The article discusses how focusing on these levers helps to achieve equity and justice in education and to support the pursuit of educational reform toward liberation, rather than toward reproducing and perpetuating historic systems of power, privilege, and oppression.
The Psychology of Learning History
Authors: Nokes Jeffery D. , McGrew Sarah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article explores the connections between major themes in psychology and what researchers have discovered about how young people learn history. The authors define the concept of history and consider what it means to learn history. The authors then explore developmental perspectives on learning history and review research related to the cognitive processes involved. Next, the authors explore what researchers have discovered about affective influences on learning history. Finally, the authors review research related to social and cultural influences on young people’s history learning. The article concludes by providing suggestions for future research that builds on what is currently known about how young people learn history.
SlERF.F12 modulates the transition to ripening in tomato fruit by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS and histone deacetylases to repress key ripening genes
Authors: Deng Heng , Chen Yao , Liu Ziyu , Liu Zhaoqiao , Shu Peng , Wang Ruochen , Hao Yanwei , Su Dan , Pirrello Julien , Liu Yongsheng , Li Zhengguo , Grierson Don , Giovannoni James J , Bouzayen Mondher , Liu Mingchun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are downstream components of ethylene-signaling pathways known to play critical roles in ethylene-controlled climacteric fruit ripening, yet little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying their mode of action. Here, we demonstrate that SlERF.F12, a member of the ERF.F subfamily containing Ethylene-responsive element-binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression (EAR) motifs, negatively regulates the onset of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS 2 (TPL2) and the histone deacetylases (HDAs) HDA1/HDA3 to repress the transcription of ripening-related genes. The SlERF.F12-mediated transcriptional repression of key ripening-related genes 1-AMINO-CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 2 (ACS2), ACS4, POLYGALACTURONASE 2a, and PECTATE LYASE is dependent on the presence of its C-terminal EAR motif. We show that SlERF.F12 interacts with the co-repressor TPL2 via the C-terminal EAR motif and recruits HDAs SlHDA1 and SlHDA3 to form a tripartite complex in vivo that actively represses transcription of ripening genes by decreasing the level of the permissive histone acetylation marks H3K9Ac and H3K27Ac at their promoter regions. These findings provide new insights into the ripening regulatory network and uncover a direct link between repressor ERFs and histone modifiers in modulating the transition to ripening of climacteric fruit.
DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of wild tetraploid tomato Solanum peruvianum using protoplast regeneration
Authors: Lin Choun-Sea , Hsu Chen-Tran , Yuan Yu-Hsuan , Zheng Po-Xing , Wu Fu-Hui , Cheng Qiao-Wei , Wu Yu-Lin , Wu Ting-Li , Lin Steven , Yue Jin-Jun , Cheng Ying-Huey , Lin Shu-I , Shih Ming-Che , Sheen Jen , Lin Yao-Cheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wild tomatoes (Solanum peruvianum) are important genomic resources for tomato research and breeding. Development of a foreign DNA-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas delivery system has potential to mitigate public concern about genetically modified organisms. Here, we established a DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system based on an optimized protoplast regeneration protocol of S. peruvianum, an important resource for tomato introgression breeding. We generated mutants for genes involved in small interfering RNAs biogenesis, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (SpRDR6), and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SpSGS3); pathogen-related peptide precursors, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN-1 (SpPR-1) and PROSYSTEMIN (SpProSys); and fungal resistance (MILDEW RESISTANT LOCUS O, SpMlo1) using diploid or tetraploid protoplasts derived from in vitro-grown shoots. The ploidy level of these regenerants was not affected by PEG-Ca2+-mediated transfection, CRISPR reagents, or the target genes. By karyotyping and whole genome sequencing analysis, we confirmed that CRISPR-Cas9 editing did not introduce chromosomal changes or unintended genome editing sites. All mutated genes in both diploid and tetraploid regenerants were heritable in the next generation. spsgs3 null T0 regenerants and sprdr6 null T1 progeny had wiry, sterile phenotypes in both diploid and tetraploid lines. The sterility of the spsgs3 null mutant was partially rescued, and fruits were obtained by grafting to wild-type (WT) stock and pollination with WT pollen. The resulting seeds contained the mutated alleles. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus proliferated at higher levels in spsgs3 and sprdr6 mutants than in the WT. Therefore, this protoplast regeneration technique should greatly facilitate tomato polyploidization and enable the use of CRISPR-Cas for S. peruvianum domestication and tomato breeding.
ggComp enables dissection of germplasm resources and construction of a multiscale germplasm network in wheat
Authors: Yang Zhengzhao , Wang Zihao , Wang Wenxi , Xie Xiaoming , Chai Lingling , Wang Xiaobo , Feng Xibo , Li Jinghui , Peng Huiru , Su Zhenqi , You Mingshan , Yao Yingyin , Xin Mingming , Hu Zhaorong , Liu Jie , Liang Rongqi , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Guo Weilong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accurate germplasm characterization is a vital step for accelerating crop genetic improvement, which remains largely infeasible for crops such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which has a complex genome that undergoes frequent introgression and contains many structural variations. Here, we propose a genomic strategy called ggComp, which integrates resequencing data with copy number variations and stratified single-nucleotide polymorphism densities to enable unsupervised identification of pairwise germplasm resource-based Identity-By-Descent (gIBD) blocks. The reliability of ggComp was verified in wheat cultivar Nongda5181 by dissecting parental-descent patterns represented by inherited genomic blocks. With gIBD blocks identified among 212 wheat accessions, we constructed a multi-scale genomic-based germplasm network. At the whole-genome level, the network helps to clarify pedigree relationship, demonstrate genetic flow, and identify key founder lines. At the chromosome level, we were able to trace the utilization of 1RS introgression in modern wheat breeding by hitchhiked segments. At the single block scale, the dissected germplasm-based haplotypes nicely matched with previously identified alleles of “Green Revolution” genes and can guide allele mining and dissect the trajectory of beneficial alleles in wheat breeding. Our work presents a model-based framework for precisely evaluating germplasm resources with genomic data. A database, WheatCompDB (http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/WheatCompDB/), is available for researchers to exploit the identified gIBDs with a multi-scale network.
Health policy and COVID-19: path dependency and trajectory
Authors: Bali Azad Singh , He Alex Jingwei , Ramesh M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has tested the mettle of governments across the globe and has thrown entrenched fault lines within health systems into sharper relief. In response to the outbreak of the pandemic, governments introduced a range of measures to meet the growth in demand and bridge gaps in health systems. The objective of this paper is to understand the nature and extent of the changes in health systems triggered by the COVID-19 crisis. The paper examines changes in the role of governments in (1) sector coordination, (2) service provision, (3) financing, (4) payment, and (5) regulations. It outlines broad trends and reforms underway prior to the pandemic and highlights likely trajectories in these aspects in the future. The paper argues that while the pandemic has accelerated changes already underway before the crisis, it has made little headway in clearing the path for other or deeper health policy reforms. The reform window that COVID-19 opened has not been wide enough to overcome the entrenched path dependency and structural interests that characterize the sector.
Capital Structure Priority Effects in Durations, Stock-Bond Comovements, and Factor Pricing Models
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Richardson Matthew , Whitelaw Robert F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We show theoretically and empirically that the durations of corporate securities are monotonically related to their capital structure priority, with equity often having a negative duration. The magnitude of this effect increases with firm leverage. We use these insights to challenge existing results on stock-bond comovements and factor pricing. For example, though overlooked, higher leverage and lower priority reduce the correlation between corporate security and government bond returns, and these variables explain time-series and cross-sectional variation in correlations; traditional market model regressions significantly understate corporate bond betas; and regressions on standard term and default factors dramatically overstate interest rate and default risk. (JEL G12, G13)
Machine learning using genetic and clinical data identifies a signature that robustly predicts methotrexate response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lim Lee Jin , Lim Ashley J W , Ooi Brandon N S , Tan Justina Wei Lynn , Koh Ee Tzun ,   TTSH Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group, Ang Andrea Ee Ling , Chan Grace Yin Lai , Chan Madelynn Tsu-Li , Chia Faith Li-Ann , Chng Hiok Hee , Chua Choon Guan , Howe Hwee Siew , Koh Ee Tzun , Koh Li Wearn , Kong Kok Ooi , Law Weng Giap , Lee Samuel Shang Ming , Leong Khai Pang , Lian Tsui Yee , Lim Xin Rong , Loh Jess Mung Ee , Manghani Mona , Tan Justina Wei Lynn , Tan Sze-Chin , Teo Claire Min-Li , Thong Bernard Yu-Hor , Tjokrosaputro Paula Permatasari , Xu Chuanhui , Chong Samuel S , Khor Chiea Chuen , Tucker-Kellogg Lisa , Lee Caroline G , Leong Khai Pang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To develop a hypothesis-free model that best predicts response to MTX drug in RA patients utilizing biologically meaningful genetic feature selection of potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (pfSNPs) through robust machine learning (ML) feature selection methods.

Methods
MTX-treated RA patients with known response were divided in a 4:1 ratio into training and test sets. From the patients’ exomes, potential features for classifier prediction were identified from pfSNPs and non-genetic factors through ML using recursive feature elimination with cross-validation incorporating the random forest classifier. Feature selection was repeated on random subsets of the training cohort, and consensus features were assembled into the final feature set. This feature set was evaluated for predictive potential using six ML classifiers, first by cross-validation within the training set, and finally by analysing its performance with the unseen test set.

Results
The final feature set contains 56 pfSNPs and five non-genetic factors. The majority of these pfSNPs are located in pathways related to RA pathogenesis or MTX action and are predicted to modulate gene expression. When used for training in six ML classifiers, performance was good in both the training set (area under the curve: 0.855–0.916; sensitivity: 0.715–0.892; and specificity: 0.733–0.862) and the unseen test set (area under the curve: 0.751–0.826; sensitivity: 0.581–0.839; and specificity: 0.641–0.923).

Conclusion
Sensitive and specific predictors of MTX response in RA patients were identified in this study through a novel strategy combining biologically meaningful and machine learning feature selection and training. These predictors may facilitate better treatment decision-making in RA management.
Humoral immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases under treatment with Rituximab: a case–control study (COVID-19VacRTX)
Authors: Schumacher Falk , Mrdenovic Nikola , Scheicht Dennis , Pons-Kühnemann Jörn , Scheibelhut Christine , Strunk Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) treated with the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab (RTX) have been identified as high-risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, there is increased risk due to reduced humoral immune response, induced by therapeutic B cell depletion. This study sought to quantify humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with IRD treated with RTX. It also sought to elucidate the influence of the time frame between the last RTX dose and the first vaccination, or the status of B cell depletion on antibody titre.

Methods
In this case–control study, patients with IRDs previously treated with RTX were examined for humoral immune response after completing the first series of vaccinations with approved vaccines [BNT162b2 (Biontech/Pfizer), RNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca/Oxford), Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson)]. Antibody levels were quantified using the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (EI-S1-IgG-quant). Blood samples were taken just before the next infusion with RTX after the vaccination. The interval between the last RTX infusion and the first vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and other possible factors influencing the antibody levels were evaluated.

Results
A total of 102 patients were included. Of these, 65 (64%) showed a negative antibody level (&lt;24 IU (international unit)/ml) after the vaccination. The comparative univariate analysis of the antibody levels achieved a significant result (P = 0.0008) for the time between the last RTX infusion and first vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. No CD19+ peripheral B-cells could be detected in 73 of the patients (72%).

Conclusion
The study confirms the negative impact of RTX on antibody level after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. A clear relationship exists between the antibody titre and the interval between the last RTX infusion and the first vaccination, the number of peripheral B-cells, and immunoglobulin quantity. Improved understanding of the effect of these parameters can help guide synchronization of vaccination in relation to the RTX therapy regimen.