bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Risk Factors Associated with Recurrence
Authors: Tian Chunxiang , Han Xiaorong , Liu Zeyu , Lv Xinlin , Ning Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGranulomatous lobular mastitis (GM), an inflammatory breast lesion with unknown etiology, is prone to recur. There is no global consensus on the optimal treatment at present. This study was conducted to show our step‐by‐step systemic procedure and discuss the recurrence risk factors of GM.MethodsThe medical record database was retrospectively searched for patients with GM treated in our hospital between January 2015 and September 2021. Patients were divided into non‐recurrence group (group A) and recurrence group (group B). Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment and follow‐up were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 885 GM patients were included in our study, all of whom received step‐by‐step systemic management. The mean age was 33.2 ± 5.2 years. There were 760 (85.9%) patients in group A and 125 (14.1%) in group B. Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in size of mass, pregnancy, hyperprolactinemia, bacterial cultures, erythema nodosum. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with purulent nipple discharge, skin lesion, bilateral disease and patients who need the combination of surgery and medication to achieve complete remission had higher risk of recurrence.ConclusionsWe built a step‐by‐step systemic procedure for GM, and the recurrence rate was 14.1%. Prolactin level and microbiological results are important for the management of GM. Purulent nipple discharge, skin lesion, bilateral disease and patients who need the combination of surgery and medication to achieve complete remission are associated with GM recurrence. Prolonged maintenance therapy may secure a better prognosis.
Impact of sex on outcomes after surgery for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Katayama Satoshi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Pradere Benjamin , Mostafaei Hadi , Quhal Fahad , Rajwa Pawel , Moschini Marco , Soria Francesco , D’andrea David , Abufaraj Mohammad , Albisinni Simone , Krajewski Wojciech , Fukuokaya Wataru , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Teoh Jeremy YC. , Shariat Shahrokh F. ,   European Association of Urology–Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group (EAU-YAU)
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prognostic value of sex for non-muscle-invasive/muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (NMIBC/MIBC) treated with radical surgery.

Methods
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched in November 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they involved the comparison of the overall, cancer-specific, progression, and recurrence-free survival of patients with NMIBC/MIBC. Formal sex-stratified meta-analyses of these outcomes were performed.

Results
Thirty-one studies, which included 32,525 patients with NMIBC, and 63 studies, which included 85,132 patients with MIBC, were eligible for review and meta-analysis. Female sex was associated with worse cancer-specific survival (pooled hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.31) and overall survival (pooled HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.05) in patients with MIBC. In contrast, however, sex was not associated with cancer-specific survival (pooled HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.70–1.46), progression-free survival (pooled HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88–1.24), and recurrence-free survival (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98–1.16) in patients with NMIBC.

Conclusions
Sex is associated with an increased risk of worse survival outcomes in patients with MIBC but not in those with NMIBC. Given the genetic and social differences between sexes, sex may represent a key factor in the clinical decision-making process.
On the applicability of LDV profile-sensors for periodic open wet clutch flow scenarios
Authors: Leister Robin , Pasch Saskia , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present experimental study revolves around the applicability of a Bragg-shifted laser Doppler velocimetry profile sensor (LDV-PS) in use for open wet clutch flow scenarios, where sub-millimeter gap height and textured surfaces are present. It is shown that the LDV-PS is capable to determine angular-resolved 1D3C velocity information, with all complex flow structures, depicted properly that are present in a radial groove. For the flow measurements the sensor is tilted to $$\pm 30^{\circ }$$

±

30
∘

compared to the axial orientation to enable the opportunity to reconstruct angular-resolved 1D3C velocity fields from two consecutively conducted runs. This facilitates measurement results with high axial and angular resolution for the complete open clutch flow and proves for the first time, that a profile sensor is capable to extract 3C information with the mentioned method. The results show that all characteristic flow structures occurring in the investigated sub-millimeter rotor-stator gap flow can be recorded properly. This insight renders the LDV-PS a promising and straight-forward applicable means to support industry-relevant research so as to uncover formerly hidden flow features and thus contribute to advanced development approaches for the respectively considered applications.

Graphical abstract
The solubility of N2 in silicate melts and nitrogen partitioning between upper mantle minerals and basalt
Authors: Keppler Hans , Cialdella Laura , Couffignal Frédéric , Wiedenbeck Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe solubility of N2 in basaltic (MORB) and haplogranitic melts was studied at oxidizing conditions (oxygen fugacity about two log units above the Ni–NiO buffer). Under these conditions, N2 is expected to be the only significant nitrogen species present in the melt. Experiments were carried out from 0.1 to 2 GPa and 1000–1450 ˚C using either an externally heated TZM pressure vessel, an internally heated gas pressure vessel or a piston cylinder apparatus. Nitrogen contents in run product glasses were quantified by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry). To discriminate against atmospheric contamination, 15N-enriched AgN3 was used as the nitrogen source in the experiments. According to infrared and Raman spectra, run product glasses contain N2 as their only dissolved nitrogen species. Due to interactions with the matrix, the N2 molecule becomes slightly infrared active. Nitrogen solubility in the melts increases linearly with pressure over the entire range studied; the effect of temperature on solubility is small. The data may, therefore, be described by simple Henry constants Khaplogranite = (1461 ± 26) ppm N2/GPa and KMORB = (449 ± 21) ppm N2/GPa, recalculated to ppm by weight (μg/g) of isotopically normal samples. These equations describe the solubility of nitrogen during MORB generation and during melting in the crust, as we show by thermodynamic analysis that N2 is the only significant nitrogen species in these environments. Nitrogen solubility in the haplogranitic melt is about three times larger than for the MORB melt, as is expected from ionic porosity considerations. If expressed on a molar basis, nitrogen solubility is significantly lower than argon solubility, in accordance with the larger size of the N2 molecule. Notably, N2 solubility in felsic melts is also much lower than CO2 solubility, even on a molar basis. This implies that the exsolution of nitrogen may drive vapor oversaturation in felsic melts derived from nitrogen-rich sediments. We also measured the partitioning of nitrogen between olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, garnet, and basaltic melt by slowly cooling MORB melts to sub-liquidus temperatures to grow large crystals. The mineral/melt partition coefficients of nitrogen range from 0.001 to 0.002, and are similar to argon partition coefficients. These new data, therefore, support the assumption that there is little fractionation between nitrogen and argon during mantle melting and that the N2/Ar ratio in basalts and xenoliths is, therefore, representative of the N2/Ar ratio in the mantle source. This assumption is essential for assessing the size of the nitrogen reservoir in the mantle. Our data also show that for an upper mantle oxidation state that is similar to the one observed today, nitrogen outgassing by partial melting is extremely efficient and even low melt fractions in the range of a few percent may extract nearly all nitrogen from the mantle source.
Technical note: Practical application of post-mortem mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscle, a field study
Authors: Stigter H. , Krap T. , Gelderman T. , Dijkhuizen L. , Duijst WLJM 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) is a crucial aspect in crime scene investigation. PMI is defined as the time between the moment of death and the moment of finding the dead body. A combination of methods for estimating the PMI in forensic casework is internationally mostly used. Supravital muscle reaction (SMR) is one of those methods. SMR is an idiomuscular contraction and can be provoked by mechanical stimulation.

Objectives
A field study was carried out with the aim to investigate whether a reflex hammer can be used as tool for triggering an idiomuscular contraction and, furthermore, to determine if a learning period has to be taken into account by a forensic physician for appropriate application of a reflex hammer to trigger SMR.

Methods
From January 2017 to January 2022, four forensic physicians used this SMR by mechanically stimulating the musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii. In total, 332 cases were included with a PMI less than 24 h. The cases were divided in chronological clusters of 20 cases. The ratio of the number of positive SMR versus the total number stimulations per forensic physician was used as a measure of accuracy of a reflex hammer for triggering SMR. The distribution of the data was analyzed by comparing the clusters in chronological order to assess whether a learning curve applies.

Results
In 55.7%, a muscle reaction could be provoked by mechanical stimulation. Comparable outcome of SMR between the participating physicians was observed after 40 stimulations.

Conclusion
A reflex hammer is usable for provoking SMR. A learning period has to be taken in to account during the first forty cases per forensic physician.
Risk for severe outcomes of COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany
Authors: Sorg Anna-Lisa , Hufnagel Markus , Doenhardt Maren , Diffloth Natalie , Schroten Horst , von Kries Rüdiger , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough children and adolescents have a lower burden of SARS-CoV-2-associated disease compared to adults, assessing the risk for severe outcomes among SARS-CoV-2-infected children remains difficult due to a high rate of undetected cases. We combine data from three data sources — a national seroprevalence study (the SARS-CoV-2 KIDS study), the nationwide, state-based reporting system for PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany, and a nationwide registry on children and adolescents hospitalized with either SARS-CoV-2 or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS-TS, also known as MIS-C) — in order to provide estimates on the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19-related treatment, intensive care admission, and death due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children. The rate of hospitalization for COVID-19-related treatment among all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children was 7.13 per 10,000, ICU admission 2.21 per 10,000, and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000. In children without comorbidities, the corresponding rates for severe or fatal disease courses were substantially lower. The lowest risk for the need of COVID-19-specific treatment was observed in children aged 5–11 without comorbidities. In this group, the ICU admission rate was 0.37 per 10,000, and case fatality could not be calculated due to the absence of cases. The overall PIMS-TS rate was 2.47 per 10,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections, the majority being children without comorbidities.Conclusion: Overall, the SARS-CoV-2-associated burden of a severe disease course or death in children and adolescents is low. This seems particularly the case for 5–11-year-old children without comorbidities. By contrast, PIMS-TS plays a major role in the overall disease burden among all pediatric age groups.

What is Known:• SARS-CoV-2-associated burden of disease in children is considered to be low, but accurate risk estimates accounting for clinically undiagnosed infections are lacking.• Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections are common in children.

What is New:• We provide risk estimates for hospitalization for COVID-19-related treatment, ICU admission, death from COVID-19, and PIMS-TS for children with SARS-CoV-2 infections by pooling different data sources.• The risk for PIMS-TS exceeds the risk for severe COVID-19 in all age groups; the risk for severe COVID-19 is the lowest in 5–11 years old.
Inserting One Edge into a Simple Drawing is Hard
Authors: Arroyo Alan , Klute Fabian , Parada Irene , Vogtenhuber Birgit , Seidel Raimund , Wiedera Tilo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple drawingD(G) of a graph G is one where each pair of edges share at most one point: either a common endpoint or a proper crossing. An edge e in the complement of G can be inserted into D(G) if there exists a simple drawing of $$G+e$$

G
+
e

extending D(G). As a result of Levi’s Enlargement Lemma, if a drawing is rectilinear (pseudolinear), that is, the edges can be extended into an arrangement of lines (pseudolines), then any edge in the complement of G can be inserted. In contrast, we show that it is -complete to decide whether one edge can be inserted into a simple drawing. This remains true even if we assume that the drawing is pseudocircular, that is, the edges can be extended to an arrangement of pseudocircles. On the positive side, we show that, given an arrangement of pseudocircles $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
and a pseudosegment $$\sigma $$
σ
, it can be decided in polynomial time whether there exists a pseudocircle $$\Phi _\sigma $$

Φ
σ

extending $$\sigma $$
σ
for which $$\mathcal {A}\cup \{\Phi _\sigma \}$$

A
∪
{

Φ
σ

}

is again an arrangement of pseudocircles.
Lithogenesis of a phosphatized tephra marker horizon in the Eocene Messel maar lake
Authors: Liesegang Moritz , Wuttke Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe bituminous black pelite of the Messel UNESCO world heritage site is an exceptional palaeobiological archive from the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate. The pronounced homogeneity of the annually laminated pelite through a time interval of 640 kyr complicates the relative stratigraphic classification of fossil remains and is, thus, largely dependent on particular marker horizons within the uniform sedimentary column. We analyzed the most prominent marker horizon M using petrographic microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron probe microanalyses to identify and characterize its structure and phosphate-dominated mineralogy. Based on our analytical data, we suggest that this phosphatic marker horizon resulted from the exceptional combination of external tephra enclosed in bacteria and algae-rich layers, producing a coupled phosphorus and cation diffusion during diagenesis. Mantienneite (KMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 • 15H2O) is documented for the first time in the Messel fossil deposit. The diagenetic succession of messelite, montgomeryite, and mantienneite precipitation reflects the internal heterogeneities in primary mineral composition of an ash layer. Kerogen maturation and hydrocarbon migration produced acidic, reducing pore fluids with high P concentration, which enhanced the mobility of Al and Ti. The mantienneite-forming reaction marks the change from a regime of reducing to oxidizing conditions. With the deposition and diagenesis of the marker horizon M, a singular event is preserved in a sedimentary sequence otherwise regarded as largely uniform over a time span of about 640 kyr.
A 5-years results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: a retrospective study
Authors: Bitew Almaw , Melesse Debas Yaregal , Admass Biruk Adie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Clubfoot is a common congenital deformity affecting mobility of children. It leads to pain and disability. The Ponseti treatment method is non-surgical method for the correction of clubfoot. There is variation from country to country in how the result of clubfoot management is measured and reported. This study aimed to assess the 5-years results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital clubfoot which was performed for children aged under 2 years in western Amhara, Ethiopia.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess a 5-years results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital clubfoot among under 2-years old children in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia, from 2015 to 2019 G.C.

Methods
A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. After receiving letter of ethical clearance from the University, IRB board, the data were collected from medical record/charts of patients’ who received Ponseti treatment, and the collected data were entered and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. The results were presented with texts and tables.

Results
A total of 200 children with 256 congenital clubfeet involved in the study. Among the total study subjects, 143 (71.5%) had unilateral clubfeet. The 5-years results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital clubfoot conducted in 200 children with clubfeet were 187 (93.5%) with 95% (CI 90–99.5). Among the study participants, males were 66.5% (almost two times from females).

Conclusions and recommendations
According to the results from a 5-years data showed that the Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital clubfoot was successful with a success rate of 93.5%. We recommend that children with congenital clubfeet should be managed with Ponseti treatment method timely.
A new long-step interior point algorithm for linear programming based on the algebraic equivalent transformation
Authors: E.-Nagy Marianna , Varga Anita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a new primal-dual long-step interior point algorithm for linear optimization. Based on the step size, interior point algorithms can be divided into two main groups, short-step, and long-step methods. In practice, long-step variants perform better, but usually, a better theoretical complexity can be achieved for the short-step methods. One of the exceptions is the large-update algorithm of Ai and Zhang. The new wide neighborhood and the main characteristics of the presented algorithm are based on their approach. In addition, we use the algebraic equivalent transformation technique of Darvay to determine new modified search directions for our method. We show that the new long-step algorithm is convergent and has the best known iteration complexity of short-step variants. We present our numerical results and compare the performance of our algorithm with two previously introduced Ai-Zhang type interior point algorithms on a set of linear programming test problems from the Netlib library.
Toward BDS/Galileo/GPS/QZSS triple-frequency PPP instantaneous integer ambiguity resolutions without atmosphere corrections
Authors: Tao Jun , Chen Guo , Guo Jing , Zhang Qiang , Liu Sijing , Zhao Qile 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMulti-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) has drawn attention along with the modernization of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. There are now nearly 90 satellites providing multi-frequency signals. This contribution aims to achieve fast convergence of a few seconds for BDS/Galileo/GPS/QZSS integrated triple-frequency PPP with integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) without atmosphere corrections. A unified model of an uncombined and undifferenced manner for PPP-IAR with dual- and triple-frequency observations is presented. The uncalibrated phase delays (UPD) of extra wide-lane (EWL), wide-lane (WL), and N1 ambiguities for triple-frequency PPP are estimated with standard deviations of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 cycles achieved, respectively. The PPP-IAR validation based on 20 stations evenly distributed in China is conducted using UPD products generated from a regional network covering a large part of China. The EWL, WL, and N1 ambiguities are sequentially fixed utilizing the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) technique. In terms of convergence time, PPP instantaneous IAR is achievable without using atmosphere corrections, thanks to the contribution of the multi-frequency and multi-constellation observations. This has been proved by performing PPP-IAR restart every 10-min over 2520 times in our case study. For PPP-IAR solutions produced with BDS/Galileo/GPS/QZSS triple-frequency observations with an interval of 1 s, the convergence is fulfilled within 1 s for the horizontal components with an accuracy of better than 5 cm, while 2 s for the vertical component with better than 10 cm accuracy, and both are at 95% confidence level.
Age-independent diameter increment models for mixed mountain forests
Authors: Ciceu Albert , Bronisz Karol , Garcia-Duro Juan , Badea Ovidiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMixed mountain forests with an uneven-aged structure are characterized by a high tree-growth variability making traditional age-dependent growth models inapplicable. Estimating site productivity is yet another impediment for modelling tree growth in such forests. Uneven-aged mixed-stand forests are known for their high resilience, resistance and productivity, and are being promoted as a suitable alternative to even-aged, pure plantations for climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, their growth must be accurately measured and predicted, but diameter at the breast height (dbh) increment models specifically designed for uneven-aged mixed mountain forests are still rare. Using permanent sampling network data and 465 increment cores, we built two age-independentdbhincrement ($${i}_{d}$$id) models for the main species of the study area, namely Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies albaMill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.). Mixed effects models and the algebraic difference approach were employed to develop$${i}_{d}$$idmodels based on empirical and commonly used theoretical growth functions. A past growth index was further developed and introduced in the model in order to explain the$${i}_{d}$$idvariability. Several mixed effects calibration strategies were assessed in order to obtain the most accurate localized curve for new plots. Tree size, competition and biogeoclimatic variables were found to explain the$${i}_{d}$$idthrough the empirical growth function, while the growth index significantly improved the theoretical growth function for Norway spruce. The optimization of the calibration strategy for the mixed effects modelling framework enables the growth index implementation in forest practice as an accurate method for estimating site productivity. The accuracy of the two$${i}_{d}$$idmodels was similar: the root mean squared error of the empirical growth function varied between 0.940 and 1.042 cm for spruce, beech and fir, while the root mean squared error obtained through the theoretical growth function for spruce only was 1.105 cm. The basal area increment prediction at the plot level based on the theoretical growth function reached a root mean squared error of 0.043 m2while using the empirical growth function the root mean squared error is 0.047 m2. The high accuracy obtained using age-independent models underlines their suitability for predicting growth in mixed uneven-aged forests. The developed models can be easily integrated into forest practice to accurately obtain$${i}_{d}$$idestimates.