bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with demographic change: macroeconomic performance and welfare inequality effects of public pension reform
Authors: Devriendt Willem , Heylen Freddy , Jacobs Arthur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates alternative reforms of the public pension system in an overlapping generations model for an open economy facing demographic change. We make progress compared to existing literature on pension reform by modelling individuals with heterogeneous innate ability and endogenous human capital, and by putting (the reduction of) welfare inequality effects of reform at the centre. Frequently adopted reforms such as an increase of the normal retirement age or a decrease of the pension benefit can guarantee financial sustainability, but they fail when the objective is also to avoid intergenerational or intragenerational welfare inequality. Our results prefer a reform which combines an increase of the retirement age with an intelligent linkage between the pension benefit and earlier labour earnings. First, this design conditions pension benefits on past individual labour income, with a high weight on labour income earned when older and a low weight on labour income earned when young. Second, this linkage is complemented by a strong rise in the benefit replacement rate for low ability individuals (and a reduction for high ability individuals).
Genetic diversity and phylogeny analysis of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (SmHMGR) in Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)
Authors: Ren Ruihua , Liao Fang , Kong Deying , Yin Yanyan , Liu Wei , Teng Shaona , Feng Jie , Li Guanrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, is a major rate-limiting enzyme in mevalonate (MVA) pathway for isoprenoids and subsequent tanshinone biosynthesis in the Chinese traditional bulk herbal medicine Danshen, Salvia miltiorrhiza, mainly for cardiovascular disorders. In this paper, the genomic SmHMGR genes of 38 cultivated populations of S. miltiorrhiza collected in China were for the first time sequenced to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogeny. The SmHMGR gene was shown to be intron-free, 1650~1659 bp in complete CDS with the majority being 1656 bp, and two unique populations (W-FJLY-V-1 and W-SCHY-W-1) being 1659 and 1650 bp respectively. A total of 103 SNP variation sites were detected with a variation rate of 6.22%, most of which occurred in S. miltiorrhiza f. alba population W-SCHY-W-1; a total of 25 amino acid variation sites were found, of which 19 was in W-SCHY-W-1. The same four populations, W-SCHY-W-1, V-HBAG-V-1, V-JLCC-V-1 and S-NM-V-1 could be discriminated from the remaining 34 by both the SNP fingerprints and the deduced amino acid variation sites. Other or composite DNA markers are needed for better identification. The SmHMGR gene of white flower S. miltiorrhiza f. alba population W-SCHY-W-1 is especially rich in variations and worthy of further studies. Phylogenetic trees based on both the gene and the deduced amino acid sequences showed a very similar two-clade topological structure. This research enriched the content and the genetic means for the molecular identification, genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies of the cultivated S. miltiorrhiza populations, and laid a solid foundation for further related and in-depth investigations.
A Statistical Study of Pancake Pitch Angle Distribution of Low‐Energy Protons and Their Correlation With Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Wu Z. , Teng S. , Ma Q. , Tao X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe performed a statistical study of the proton pancake pitch angle distributions (PADs) at the energy from 10 to 300 eV with the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron instrument on board the Van Allen Probes. The occurrence rate of low energy proton pancake PADs and their dependence on the energy, L shell, magnetic local time (MLT) and AL* index are analyzed. The results indicate that: (a) the occurrence rate of pancake PADs decreases as the proton energy increases; (b) under active geomagnetic activities (AL* < −300 nT), pancake PADs preferentially occur in the dayside; (c) under weak geomagnetic activities (AL* > −100 nT), the occurrence rate of pancake PADs has little dependence on MLT. We further discuss the contribution of magnetosonic (MS) waves on the formation of proton pancake PADs at low energy. The strong correlation between the occurrence of pancake PADs and the appearance of MS waves indicates that MS waves contribute to the formation of low energy proton pancake PADs. Moreover, the proton diffusion coefficients caused by MS waves suggest that MS waves can cause the proton heating at low energies in high density regions.
The Levels and Sources of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in Winter of Beijing and Sanmenxia
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Tong Shengrui , Jia Chenhui , Zhang Wenqian , Li Jie , Wang Weigang , Sun Yele , Wang Xuan , Wang Lingling , Ji Dongsheng , Wang Lili , Zhao Pusheng , Tang Guiqian , Xin Jinyuan , Li Ang , Ge Maofa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHONO concentrations in Beijing (BJ) and Sanmenxia (SMX) were simultaneously measured in winter with a duration of 1 month, and the sources and sinks of HONO in the two cities were comparably analyzed. BJ and SMX had different pollution characteristics. Direct vehicle emission made a contribution to observed HONO of about 28% in BJ, whereas it contributed to HONO only about 12% in SMX. Additionally, direct emission from coal combustion in SMX also made a significant contribution to atmospheric HONO, which could achieve to be 13%. In BJ, nighttime NO2 conversion on the aerosol and ground surfaces contributed to HONO sources of 15% and 27%, respectively. In SMX, nighttime NO2 conversion on the aerosol and ground surfaces contributed to HONO sources of 40% and 30%, respectively. Daytime NO2 heterogeneous conversion (including photo‐enhanced conversion) on the aerosol and ground surfaces was important in SMX. Daytime NO3− photolysis contributed 9% HONO in SMX and 4% in BJ. The primary OH production rates from photolysis of daytime HONO in both BJ and SMX were three orders of magnitude faster than those from photolysis of O3, revealing the dominant role of HONO in local atmospheric chemistry of the two cities in winter.
Climatic Control on Spatial Distribution of Water Storage at the Catchment Scale: A Framework for Unifying Saturation Excess Runoff Models
Authors: Yao Lili , Wang Dingbao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the connection between TOPography‐based hydrological model (TOPMODEL) and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model through virtual experiments from the perspective of water table and storage at the catchment scale. A simple finite‐difference groundwater flow model was built for a hypothetical catchment forced by a sequence of recharges. A steady‐state water table under a low recharge rate is used as the climatic lower limit, above which the pore space is considered as the maximum storage capacity. When the water table is shallow, the land surface is a good proxy of the water table as assumed in the original TOPMODEL, and the underlying water storage distribution curve is similar as the maximum storage capacity distribution curve. When the water table is deep, the climatic lower limit is a good proxy of water table, and the storage is approximately spatially uniform over the unsaturated area as assumed in the VIC model. The systematic variation of water table and storage distribution potentially provides a framework for unifying the TOPMODEL and VIC model.
Evaluating Multiple Canopy‐Snow Unloading Parameterizations in SUMMA With Time‐Lapse Photography Characterized by Citizen Scientists
Authors: Lumbrazo Cassie , Bennett Andrew , Currier William Ryan , Nijssen Bart , Lundquist Jessica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCanopy‐snow unloading is the complex physical process of snow unloading from the canopy through meltwater drip, sublimation to the atmosphere, or solid snow unloading to the snowpack below. This process is difficult to parameterize due to limited observations. Time‐lapse photographs of snow in the canopy were characterized by citizen scientists to create a data set of snow interception observations at multiple locations across the western United States. This novel interception data set was used to evaluate three snow unloading parameterizations in the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) modular hydrologic modeling framework. SUMMA was modified to include a third snow unloading parameterization, termed Wind‐Temperature (Roesch et al., 2001, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820100153), which includes wind‐dependent and temperature‐dependent unloading functions. It was compared to a meltwater drip unloading parameterization, termed Melt (Andreadis et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007042), and a time‐dependent unloading parameterization, termed Exponential‐Decay (Hedstrom & Pomeroy, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/11<1611::AID-HYP684>3.0.CO;2-4). Wind‐Temperature performed well without calibration across sites, specifically in cold climates, where wind dominates unloading and rime accretion is low. At rime prone sites, Wind‐Temperature should be calibrated to account for longer interception events with less sensitivity to wind, otherwise Melt can be used without calibration. The absence of model physics in Exponential‐Decay requires local calibration that can only be transferred to sites with similar unloading patterns. The choice of unloading parameterization can result in 20% difference in SWE on the ground below the canopy and 10% difference in estimated average winter canopy albedo. These novel observations shed light on processes that are often overlooked in hydrology.
Pediatric T-ALL type-1 and type-2 relapses develop along distinct pathways of clonal evolution
Authors: Richter-Pechańska Paulina , Kunz Joachim B. , Rausch Tobias , Erarslan-Uysal Büşra , Bornhauser Beat , Frismantas Viktoras , Assenov Yassen , Zimmermann Martin , Happich Margit , von Knebel-Doeberitz Caroline , von Neuhoff Nils , Köhler Rolf , Stanulla Martin , Schrappe Martin , Cario Gunnar , Escherich Gabriele , Kirschner-Schwabe Renate , Eckert Cornelia , Avigad Smadar , Pfister Stefan M. , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Korbel Jan O. , Kulozik Andreas E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying T-ALL relapse remain essentially unknown. Multilevel-omics in 38 matched pairs of initial and relapsed T-ALL revealed 18 (47%) type-1 (defined by being derived from the major ancestral clone) and 20 (53%) type-2 relapses (derived from a minor ancestral clone). In both types of relapse, we observed known and novel drivers of multidrug resistance including MDR1 and MVP, NT5C2 and JAK-STAT activators. Patients with type-1 relapses were specifically characterized by IL7R upregulation. In remarkable contrast, type-2 relapses demonstrated (1) enrichment of constitutional cancer predisposition gene mutations, (2) divergent genetic and epigenetic remodeling, and (3) enrichment of somatic hypermutator phenotypes, related to BLM, BUB1B/PMS2 and TP53 mutations. T-ALLs that later progressed to type-2 relapses exhibited a complex subclonal architecture, unexpectedly, already at the time of initial diagnosis. Deconvolution analysis of ATAC-Seq profiles showed that T-ALLs later developing into type-1 relapses resembled a predominant immature thymic T-cell population, whereas T-ALLs developing into type-2 relapses resembled a mixture of normal T-cell precursors. In sum, our analyses revealed fundamentally different mechanisms driving either type-1 or type-2 T-ALL relapse and indicate that differential capacities of disease evolution are already inherent to the molecular setup of the initial leukemia.
The laws of physics do not prohibit counterfactual communication
Authors: Salih Hatim , McCutcheon Will , Hance Jonte R. , Rarity John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt has been conjectured that counterfactual communication is impossible, even for post-selected quantum particles. We strongly challenge this by proposing precisely such a counterfactual scheme where—unambiguously—none of Alice’s photons that correctly contribute to her information about Bob’s message have been to Bob. We demonstrate counterfactuality experimentally by means of weak measurements, and conceptually using consistent histories—thus simultaneously satisfying both criteria without loopholes. Importantly, the fidelity of Alice learning Bob’s bit can be made arbitrarily close to unity.
The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop
Authors: Kamal Nadia , Tsardakas Renhuldt Nikos , Bentzer Johan , Gundlach Heidrun , Haberer Georg , Juhász Angéla , Lux Thomas , Bose Utpal , Tye-Din Jason A. , Lang Daniel , van Gessel Nico , Reski Ralf , Fu Yong-Bi , Spégel Peter , Ceplitis Alf , Himmelbach Axel , Waters Amanda J. , Bekele Wubishet A. , Colgrave Michelle L. , Hansson Mats , Stein Nils , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Jellen Eric N. , Maughan Peter J. , Tinker Nicholas A. , Mascher Martin , Olsson Olof , Spannagl Manuel , Sirijovski Nick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2n = 6x = 42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia1,2. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n = 14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n = 4x = 28) progenitors. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.
Quantum imaging with a photon counting camera
Authors: Wolley Osian , Gregory Thomas , Beer Sebastian , Higuchi Takafumi , Padgett Miles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClassical light sources emit a randomly-timed stream of individual photons, the spatial distribution of which can be detected with a camera to form an image. Quantum light sources, based on parametric down conversion, emit photons as correlated photon-pairs. The spatial correlations between the photons enables imaging systems where the preferential selection of photon-pairs allows for enhancements in the noise performance over what is possible using classical light sources. However, until now the technical challenge of measuring, and correlating both photons has led to system complexity. Here we show that a camera capable of resolving the number of individual photons in each pixel of the detector array can be used to record an image formed from these photon-pair events and hence achieve a greater contrast than possible using a classical light source. We achieve an enhancement in the ratio of two-photon events compared to one-photon events using spatially correlated SPDC light compared to uncorrelated illumination by a LED. These results indicate the potential advantages of using photon counting cameras in quantum imaging schemes and these advantages will further increase as the technology is developed. Operating in photon sparse regimes such systems have potential applications in low-light microscopy and covert imaging.
Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of androgenetic haploid tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) provide insights into haploid syndrome
Authors: Zhou He , Wang Qian , Zhou Zi-Yu , Li Xin , Sun Yu-Qing , Shan Gu , Zheng Xin-Yi , Chen Qi , Liu Hai-Jin , Wang Wei , Shao Chang-Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAndrogenesis is an important chromosome set manipulation technique used in sex control in aquaculture. Haploid embryos exhibit haploid syndrome with body abnormalities and even die during early embryonic development. In this study, we used whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in haploid females (1n-X) and males (1n-Y), and diploid females (2n-XX) and males (2n-XY) of tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), an economically important fish in China. A total of 96.32 Gb clean data was produced. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found between haploids and diploids, which may be related to abnormal development and early embryonic death in haploids. There were 3,641 hyper-methylated differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 2,179 hypo-methylated DMGs in haploid vs. diploid comparisons in both females and males. These DMGs were mainly related to genomic stability maintenance and cell cycle regulation.slf1,actr8,gas2, andpbrm1genes were selected to validate the methylation sequencing. After combining the methylation data with the corresponding transcriptome data, we identified several genes, includingguca2a,myoc,fezf2,rprml,telo2,s100a1, andmarveld1,which exhibited differential expression levels modulated by DNA methylation. In conclusion, our study revealed different methylation and expression profiles between haploid and diploidT.rubripes for the first time. Several DMGs were identified between different ploidy levels, which may be related to haploid syndrome formation. The results expand the understanding of the effects of ploidy on the early development of teleosts and provide knowledge about target genes and networks to improve the survival rate of haploids.
Obesity and accelerated epigenetic aging in a high-risk cohort of children
Authors: Etzel Laura , Hastings Waylon J. , Hall Molly A. , Heim Christine M. , Meaney Michael J. , Noll Jennie G. , O’Donnell Kieran J. , Pokhvisneva Irina , Rose Emma J. , Schreier Hannah M. C. , Shenk Chad E. , Shalev Idan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew insights into mechanisms linking obesity to poor health outcomes suggest a role for cellular aging pathways, casting obesity as a disease of accelerated biological aging. Although obesity has been linked to accelerated epigenetic aging in middle-aged adults, the impact during childhood remains unclear. We tested the association between body mass index (BMI) and accelerated epigenetic aging in a cohort of high-risk children. Participants were children (N = 273, aged 8 to 14 years, 82% investigated for maltreatment) recruited to the Child Health Study, an ongoing prospective study of youth investigated for maltreatment and a comparison youth. BMI was measured as a continuous variable. Accelerated epigenetic aging of blood leukocytes was defined as the age-adjusted residuals of several established epigenetic aging clocks (Horvath, Hannum, GrimAge, PhenoAge) along with a newer algorithm, the DunedinPoAm, developed to quantify the pace-of-aging. Hypotheses were tested with generalized linear models. Higher age-and sex- adjusted z-scored BMI was significantly correlated with household income, blood cell counts, and three of the accelerated epigenetic aging measures: GrimAge (r = 0.31, P < .0001), PhenoAge (r = 0.24, P < .0001), and DunedinPoAm (r = 0.38, P < .0001). In fully adjusted models, GrimAge (β = 0.07; P = .0009) and DunedinPoAm (β = 0.0017; P < .0001) remained significantly associated with higher age- and sex-adjusted z-scored BMI. Maltreatment-status was not associated with accelerated epigenetic aging. In a high-risk cohort of children, higher BMI predicted epigenetic aging as assessed by two epigenetic aging clocks. These results suggest the association between obesity and accelerated epigenetic aging begins in early life, with implications for future morbidity and mortality risk.
Enhanced anticancer potency with reduced nephrotoxicity of newly synthesized platin-based complexes compared with cisplatin
Authors: Salehi Roya , Abyar Selda , Ramazani Fatemeh , Khandar Ali Akbar , Hosseini-Yazdi Seyed Abolfazl , White Jonathan M. , Edalati Mahdi , Kahroba Houman , Talebi Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a platinum-containing anticancer drug, cisplatin is the keystone for treating many malignancies. Nephrotoxicity is the main dose-limiting toxicity, and several hydration therapies and supplementary strategies are utilized to reduce cisplatin-induced kidney damage, so the discovery and development of effective and safe antitumor drugs are still on the path of human health. Herein, a new four-coordinated Pt complex [Pt(TSC)Cl] using N(4)-phenyl-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (HTSC) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1HNMR, FT-IR, LC/MS and CHN elemental analysis. The Pt(TSC)Cl complex revealed antiproliferative activity against A549, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines with a low micromolar IC50 (200–1.75 µM). Specifically, the Pt(TSC)Cl complex displayed more selectivity in Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 2.3 µM) than cisplatin (IC50 = 107 µM) after 48 h of treatment. Moreover, compared with cisplatin, a known nephrotoxic drug, the Pt(TSC)Cl complex exhibited lower nephrotoxicity against Hek293 normal cells. We also found that the Pt(TSC)Cl complex can effectively prevent cancer cell propagation in sub-G1 and S phases and induce apoptosis (more than 90%). Real time PCR and western analysis demonstrated that the expression pattern of apoptotic genes and proteins is according to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through the Bax/Bcl-2-Casp9-Casp3/Casp7 axis. Collectively, our findings indicated that the Pt(TSC)Cl complex triggers apoptosis in Caco-2 cell lines, while low nephrotoxicity was shown and may be considered a useful anticancer drug candidate for colorectal cancers for further optimization and growth.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is increased in the plasma of patients with obesity and its levels correlate with diabetes and inflammation indices
Authors: Perugini Jessica , Di Mercurio Eleonora , Giuliani Angelica , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Tortato Elena , Severi Ilenia , Cinti Saverio , Olivieri Fabiola , le Roux Carel W. , Gesuita Rosaria , Giordano Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo establish whether obesity involves activation of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) signalling, we evaluated its plasma levels in patients with obesity and correlated its values with the major clinical and haematological indices of obesity, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This study involved 118 subjects: 39 healthy controls (19 men), 39 subjects with obesity (19 men) and 40 subjects with obesity and diabetes (20 men). Plasma CNTF and CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The results showed that plasma CNTF was significantly higher in males and females with obesity with and without diabetes than in healthy subjects. Women consistently exhibited higher levels of circulating CNTF. In both genders, CNTF levels correlated significantly and positively with obesity (BMI, WHR, leptin), diabetes (fasting insulin, HOMA index and HbA1c) and inflammation (IL-6 and hsCRP) indices. Circulating CNTFRα and the CNTF/CNTFRα molar ratio tended to be higher in the patient groups than in controls. In conclusion, endogenous CNTF signalling is activated in human obesity and may help counteract some adverse effects of obesity. Studies involving a higher number of selected patients may reveal circulating CNTF and/or CNTFRα as potential novel diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases.