bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the performance of decision tree types in determining the most important factors associated with the death of patients with Covid-19 hospitalized
Authors: Karimzadeh Mohammad , Eshrati Babak , Ghaderi Ebrahim , Nouri Bijan , Aghaei Abbas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundNumerous factors are associated with mortality of people with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the most important of these factors related to the death of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using decision tree algorithms.MethodsThe study data included the information of 8295 patients admitted to the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences, who definitely had COVID-19. After cleaning the data, the most important factors related to the death of patients with COVID-19 were examined based on the indicators of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) using decision tree algorithms (CHAID, C5.0, Random Tree, QUEST, and CART) with a ratio of 70% training and 30% testing. Analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS Modeler software version 18.ResultsAnalysis of the study results based on the testing data showed in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), CHAID algorithm with 99.4%, in terms of sensitivity, CART algorithm with 99.5%, in terms of specificity, CHAID algorithm with 87.3%, in terms of accuracy, CHAID algorithm with 97.7% and finally in terms of the positive predictive value, CHAID algorithm with 98% had the best performance.Also, the most important factors affecting death (four main factors) were isolation, hospitalization in the ICU, and age, respectively, according to CHAID algorithm; age, symptoms up to hospitalization, occupation, and isolation, respectively, in RF algorithm; isolation, age, diarrhea, and the province of residence, respectively, in C5.0 algorithm; hospitalization in the ICU, age, isolation and dyspnea, respectively, in QUEST algorithm; and hospitalization in the ICU, treatment protocols, age and isolation, respectively, in CART algorithm. According to these results, the best performance was related to the CHAID algorithm.ConclusionDecision tree algorithms, especially CHAID algorithm, showed good performance in determining factors related to death of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Accordingly, isolation, hospitalization in the ICU, age and underlying diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were the most important factors associated with death of these people.
Assessment of dams’ efficiency under the effect of climate change and urban expansion: Brayman Dam (Case Study)
Authors: Saeed Emaad , Al-Amir Nassir , Elfeki Amro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This paper analyzes the effect of climate change and urbanization on the efficiency of dams that have been built to protect Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia from severe floods. Brayman dam is considered a case study. Several data have been collected to address the objectives. Among these data are the historical rainfall, digital elevation models, a base map of Jeddah city, and its future expansion up to 2050. Hydrological analyses have been performed using common software: HEC-HMS, GIS, and WMS software to estimate the floods under the normal (design) conditions, the effect of climate change, and urbanization. It has been shown that under the normal condition (NC) scenario, the Brayman dam capacity can accommodate the floods for up to 200 years return period. The effect of the climate change scenario (CC) is more significant than the effect of the urbanization scenario (U). The effect of urbanization scenario (U) leads to shortening the time to peak of the flood. In the combined scenarios (CC + U), the runoff volume exceeded the dam capacity by about 66% and the dam is expected to get overtopped by 26% from the current dam height, and the dam lake is expected to inundate 46% more area than the current condition.
Cyclodextrin carboxylate improves the stability and activity of nisin in a wider range of application conditions
Authors: Jin Zhengyu , Hu Yao , Xing Kequan , Qiu Chao , Li Xiaojing , Sang Shangyuan , McClements David , Chen Long , Long Jie , Jiao Aiquan , Xu Xueming , Wang Jinpeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nisin is a natural bacteriocin that is claimed to exhibit good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It has good solubility, stability, and activity under acidic conditions, but it becomes less soluble, stable, and active when the solution pH exceeds 6.0. In this study, we investigated the potential of complexing nisin with a cyclodextrin carboxylate, succinic acid-β-cyclodextrin (SACD), to overcome the disadvantages. Strong hydrogen bonding was shown between the nisin and SACD, promoting the formation of nisin-SACD complexes. These complexes exhibited good solubility under neutral and alkaline conditions, and good stability after being held at high pH values during processing with high-steam sterilization. Moreover, the nisin-SACD complexes displayed significantly improved antibacterial activity against model Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). This study shows that complexation can improve the efficacy of nisin under neutral and alkaline situations, which may greatly broaden its application range in the food, medical, and other industries.
Gastrodin improves neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Zheng Xue , Gong Taowu , Tang Chunchun , Zhong Yuanping , Shi Lu , Fang Xu , Chen Dongqin , Zhu Zhaoqiong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the main pathological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by neurodegenerative diseases, and effective preventive and therapeutic measures are not available. We predicted the key targets of gastrodin's effects upon neuroinflammation through Network Pharmacology and molecular docking. Then the predicted targets were used to study how gastrodin affected cognitive dysfunction triggered by lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in rats and its mechanisms. Three-month-old male rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide for 3 days (d), 7 d and 14 d respectively. Gastrodin improved learning and memory ability of rats with neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in rat hippocampus, which could be reversed by gastrodin. Gastrodin also inhibited the activation of microglia. Our findings suggested that gastrodin exerted neuroprotective effects in rats with neuroinflammation by impacting the TLR4-NF-kB-NLRP3 pathway. Therefore, gastrodin may be a potential therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Epigenetic encoding of T cell dysfunction is enacted within hours of tumor antigen encounter prior to cell division
Authors: Philip Mary , Rudloff Michael , Zumbo Paul , Favret Natalie , Roetman Jessica , Roman Carlos Detres , Erwin Megan , Jonnakuti Sriya , Dündar Friederike , Betel Doron 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tumor-specific CD8 T cells (TST) found in patients with cancer are unable to halt cancer progression. TST are dysfunctional and cannot produce effector cytokines or kill target cells1. TST dysfunction, also known as exhaustion, has been thought to be driven by chronic T cell receptor (TCR)/antigen stimulation over days to weeks, encoded by exhaustion/dysfunction-associated epigenetic and transcriptional programs1,2. However, we know little about (i) the interplay between CD8 T cell function and epigenetics during the initial hours after activation in both functional (acute infection) or dysfunctional contexts (tumors) or (ii) the kinetics of CD8 T cell effector or dysfunction differentiation and relationship to cell division. Nevertheless, is it widely thought that T cell effector differentiation requires cell division3. Here we tracked differentiation of naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells by cell division within the first hours (0-60 hours) after antigen activation in tumor-bearing hosts, comparing to T cells undergoing functional effector differentiation during acute infection (E). Surprisingly, while TST and E exhibited the same rapid activation and cell division kinetics, TST failed to acquire effector function and implemented exhaustion-associated chromatin features. Notably, epigenetic encoding of TST dysfunction began within 6 hours of antigen encounter, even prior to cell division. These findings not only challenge the paradigm that chronic T cell receptor stimulation drives dysfunction/exhaustion in tumors, but also refute for CD8 T cells the prevailing notion that cell division is required to initiate epigenetic remodeling and differentiation3-7. Interestingly, while T cell dysfunctional fate decisions are made within hours of antigen encounter, continued TCR stimulation and epigenetic remodeling progressively stabilize, or “imprint” the dysfunctional state. Our study defines for the first time the regulation and kinetics driving the rapid divergence of T cell fate choice prior to cell division in the context of tumors versus infection.
Safety profile of Colocasia esculenta tuber extracts in benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Tusubira Deusdedit , Aja Patrick M. , Munezero Jonasi , Ssedyabane Frank , Namale Nathim , Ifie Josiah . E. , Agu Peter C , Ajayi Clement O. , Okoboi Joash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction: This study was motivated by the increasing global incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the promising potential of nutraceuticals as complementary therapies in ameliorating its burden. We report the safety profile ofColocasia esculentatuber extracts, a novel nutraceutical in benign prostate hyperplasia in a rat model.Methods: In our study, forty-five male albino rats were randomly assigned into 9 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 (normal control) received olive oil and normal saline. Group 2 (negative control) received 3 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and normal saline, group 3 (positive control) received 3mg/kg of TP and 5 mg/kg of finasteride. Our treatments groups 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 received 3 mg/kg of TP and lower dose (100 mg/kg) of LD50of ethanol crude tuber extract ofColocasia esculenta(ECTECE) or hexane, dichloromethane, butanone, ethylacetate and aqueous fractions of ECTECE respectively for a period of 28 days.Results: The negative controls showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in mean prostate weight (approximately 5 times) as well as reduction in relative testes weight (approximately 1.4 time less). There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in mean relative weights of most vital organs: liver, kidneys and heart. This was also observed in hematological parameters: RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets counts. In general, we note that the effects of the well-established drug finasteride on the biochemical parameters and histology of selected organs are comparable to those of c.esculentafractions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates safety potential ofC. esculentatuber extract in a rat model.
A model of increasing predictability of atrial fibrillation related stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: You Ling , He Webin , Zhen Yanjie , Yang Jing , Wang Lianxia , Zhao Yanlei , Xie Ruiqin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Our aim for this study was to develop a model using clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic factors, in addition to CHA2DS2-VASC score, to increase predictability of AF related stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory and echocardiographic data of 373 patients with NVAF.Results: In multiple logistic regression, CHA2DAS2 VASC score (OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.04-1.43), P=0.016), anion gap (OR 1.19 (95%CI 1.08-1.30), P < 0.001), e-peak deceleration time （EDT） (OR 1.01 (95%CI 1.00-1.01), P=0.001) and the left atrial appendage emptying rate （LAAEV） (OR 0.99 (95%CI 0.97-0.99), P=0.013) were risk factors for predicting stroke in NVAF patients. For patients with low CHA2DAS2 VASC score, anion gap (OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.03-1.77), P=0.028) and EDT (OR 1.01 (95%CI 1.00-1.02), P=0.043) were associated with stroke.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that area under curve (AUC) is 11% higher in the model including anion gap, EDT， LAAEV and CHA2DS2-VASc score, compared to only using CHA2DS2-VASc score as predictor (0.70 (95%CI 0.64-0.75) vs 0.59 (95%CI 0.54-0.65)).Conclusions: Our study showed that incorporating anion gap, EDT and LAAEV into CHA2DS2-VASC score increases the ability to predict atrial fibrillation related stroke.
Posture-Induced Changes in Intraocular Pressure after Ab Externo XEN45 Gel-Stent Implantation in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Jin Hyung Nam , Nam Jeong Woo , Haowei Zhang , Sung Mi Sun , Park Sang Woo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigated posture-induced changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) after ab externo XEN45 gel-stent implantation in patients with medically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Overall, thirty-two eyes with POAG that underwent XEN45 gel-stent implantation as a standalone procedure using an ab externo approach at Chonnam National University Hospital were analyzed. IOP was measured sequentially in the sitting position, supine position, and lateral decubitus position (LDP) before and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery using an iCare IC200 rebound tonometer. In the LDP, the eye with XEN45 gel-stent implantation was in the dependent position. IOP at each position was significantly reduced after XEN45 gel-stent implantation. Posture-induced changes in IOP were maintained during the follow-up. The range of postural IOP changes was reduced at 1 month; however, no significant change was observed after that point compared with baseline levels. A XEN45 gel stent inserted using the ab externo approach can reduce IOP in various body positions, but seems to have limited effects on posture-induced changes in IOP in patients with POAG.
Article Analyzing the potential influencing factors in the perception of artistic style transfer
Authors: Lyu Yanru , Chang Ching-Wen , Wang Xiaohui , Sun Yikang , Lin Rungtai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There have been many successful implementations of artistic style transfer technology in recent years. However, as the perception of art is too complex, there is a vast gap between artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and humans, which leads to the failure of style simulation to convey the high-level attributes accurately. This study aims to explore the potential influencing factors in the perception of artistic style transfer and then put forward some suggestions for the application of AI in the art field. Based on art communication theory, the appreciation of art is divided into technical, semantic, and effectiveness levels. In this study, three operation outputs generated by AI, artists, and cooperation with AI and artists were taken as experimental stimuli, and the perceptual distance between humans and algorithms was compared. The results demonstrate a gap between humans and AI in the perception of artistic style. The semantic and effectiveness layers should be critical indicators for predicting, optimizing, and evaluating artistic style transfer using AI.
‘If I am playing football, I forget that I have this virus’: The challenges and coping strategies of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Loveday Marian , Furin Jennifer , Hlangu Sindisiwe , Mthethwa Thabile , Naidoo Tasneem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Adolescents who have acquired HIV perinatally (ALHIV) face unique challenges in taking lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART), but little is known about what factors affect their adherence over the course of their lifelong treatment journey. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with ALHIV who had periods of poor adherence to ART in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using Participant-generated Visual Methodologies (PVM). Participants used photography to represent their perspectives and experiences. Results: 14 individuals participated in the research process. We developed a framework and identified four social domains which combined with the adolescent’s own experiences and sense of self to either support or undermine adherence. Periods of non-adherence were reported by all participants. Participants described the importance of supportive relationships and households as well as the benefits of ART as supporting adherence. The fear of inadvertent disclosure of their HIV status and the side-effects of ART were barriers to adherence. Possible interventions to support adolescents in their treatment journey are identified.Conclusions: Current models of adherence support fail to address the challenges to lifelong therapy ALHIV face. Ongoing education and honest communication with health care providers, interventions that build resilience together with peer support, have the potential to improve adherence in ALHIV.
Adverse outcomes and prognostic factor prediction of infantile acquired hydrocephalus: A single-centre experience
Authors: Zhou Faliang , Yang Zhao , Tang Zezhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Hongmei , Sun Guoyu , Zhang Rui , Jiang Yi , Zhou Congle , Hou Xinlin , Liu Lili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim: To assess the etiologies and poor outcomes of infantile acquired hydrocephalus and predict prognosis.Methods: A total of 129 infants diagnosed with acquired hydrocephalus were recruited from 2008 to 2021. Adverse outcomes were included death and significant neurodevelopmental impairment which was defined as Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III score <70, cerebral palsy, visual or hearing impairment, epilepsy. Chi-squared was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of adverse outcomes. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the cutoff value.Results: Of 113 patients with outcome data, 55 patients (48.7%) had adverse outcomes. Late surgical intervention time (13 days) and severe ventricular dilation were associated with adverse outcomes. The combination of surgical intervention time and cranial ultrasonography (cUS) indices was a better predictive marker compared with any of them (surgical intervention time, P=0.05; cUS indices, P=0.002). Post-hemorrhage (54/113, 48%), post-meningitis (28/113, 25%), and hydrocephalus arising from both hemorrhage and meningitis (17/113, 15%) accounted for a large proportion of the etiologies in our study. Hydrocephalus occurs secondary to post-hemorrhage had a favorable outcome compared with other etiologies in both preterm and term groups. A significant difference in adverse outcome between inherited error of metabolism as a cause and other etiologies (P=0.02).Conclusion: Late surgical treatment times and severe ventricular dilation can predict adverse outcomes in infants with acquired hydrocephalus. It is crucial to identify the causes of acquired hydrocephalus to predict the adverse outcomes. Research into measures of improving adverse outcomes following infantile acquired hydrocephalus is urgently necessary.
Modeling Trip Generation Pattern by Adopting Multiple Linear Regression in at Existing Traffic Condition
Authors: MANUKA DAGIMWORK ASELE , LACHORE TAREKEGN SHIRKO 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The beginning of this study is made with the objective of developing the predicted household trip generation models for Hossana town that involve the socioeconomic characteristics and land use trends. For the purpose of this study, Addis sub town was used in the analysis. In this sub town, 9 nodes of the road segment were also selected for travel flow analysis. Totally 384 forms were distributed in the town for home interview purpose. The data collected was analyzed and classified in order to qualify the social and economic features in each zone using principal component analysis method. Finally, the regression analysis taken under four components reduced by principal component analysis. The relationship between daily household trips and socioeconomic characteristics were developed using Multiple Linear Regression technique under four components reduced by principal component analysis using SPSS software package. P – Values of all variables are less than 0.05 as summarized in the table below. Which show all the variables/components/ are statistically significant within a given confidence interval. R 2  = 0.519 shows that 51.9% of the variation of the dependent variable explained by the explanatory/independent/ variables. The value of goodness of fit indicates that the model is well defined and the trips are a function of the variables chosen for this study.
Quantum critical Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in the anisotropic triangular antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2
Authors: Choi Kwang Yong , Lee Suheon , Lee Chanhyeon , Wang Chennan , Luetkens Hubertus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report on a local-probe study of two-dimensional anisotropic triangular antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2 using 35Cl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and muon spin relaxation (µSR) techniques. The 35Cl spin-lattice relaxation rate obeys a power-law dependence 1/T1∝T1/2K−1 below 20 K and the intra- and interchain spin diffusion constants deduced from LF-µSR are highly anisotropic in their thermal evolution. Our NMR and µSR data evince that the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (one-dimensionalization) is driven by anisotropic spin diffusion. Moreover, we observe a universal scaling of T1/2K−1(1/T1) with K = 1 and a time-field scaling (t/Hγ) of the muon spin polarization with γ = 1 − 1/2K = 0.5. These findings instantiate that Ca3ReO5Cl2 with intermediate spatial anisotropy realizes a quantum critical Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in the zero-field limit.
Association between Anxiety and Disease Pathophysiology in Participants of Longitudinal Observational Studies in Aging during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Servaes Stijn , Lussier Firoza , Tissot Cécile , Therriault Joseph , Bezgin Gleb , Wang Yi-Ting , Stevenson Jenna , Rahmouni Nesrine , Pallen Vanessa , Elgbeili Guillaume , Arias Jaime Fernandez , Kang Min Su , Benedet Andrea , Chamoun Mira , Pascoal Tharick , Ng Kok Pin , Bzdok Danilo , King Suzanne , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe burden imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic deferentially interferes with the outcomes of clinical trials of aging and dementia. We examined the impact of the lockdown on cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), anxiety, and COVID-19-related stress in participants from the Translational Biomarkers In Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) cohort using neuropsychiatric assessments, tau and amyloid PET. We found that, before the lockdown, anxiety was higher in cognitively impaired individuals (CI) and positively associated with brain tau load. However, during the lockdown, anxiety increased only in the cognitively unimpaired (CU) and was positively associated with COVID-19 related stress. Interestingly, we found that in patients, tau load was anti-correlated with higher anxiety during lockdown. Our findings contribute to a framework for interpreting the effects of the pandemic on neuropsychiatric symptoms among clinical trial participants. Collectively, our results suggest that caregivers are more vulnerable to external stressors than patients.