bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper-Catalyzed Allylation of Amines with Cyclopropyldiphenylsulfonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Pan , Ma Yu , Tian Ze-Yu , Zheng Shuang-Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyclopropyldiphenylsulfonium salt, a famous ylide precursor previously extensively employed in the preparation of cyclic compounds, has been successfully utilized as an efficient allylation reagent in this work. The copper-catalyzed reactions of cyclopropyldiphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate with amines in the presence of an appropriate ligand provided the N-allylated products in good yields. Aliphatic/aromatic amines and primary/secondary amines were all converted under mild reaction conditions. This protocol was also applicable to N-functionalization of drug molecules, supplying the corresponding N-allylated compounds in satisfactory yields. The reaction, which showed good functional group tolerance with a wide range of substrates and excellent chemoselectivity, offers an interesting method for the synthesis of N-allyl amines.
Convenient and General Synthesis of C-3-Substituted Het(aryl)indole C-Nucleoside Analogues from Sugar Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Fuyi , Zhou Xiang , Cao Zhaoxin , Chen Qianxia , Zhao Yufen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of C-3-substituted het(aryl)indole C-nucleoside analogues bearing structurally diverse sugar moieties has been achieved by Sonogashira coupling of terminal sugar alkynes with het(aryl) iodides followed by heteroannulation of the corresponding sugar/het(aryl) alkynes with substituted 2-iodoanilines. This method is simple and general and is suitable for structurally diverse sugars and various het(aryl) iodides. The terminal sugar alkynes include furanosides, pyranosides, and acyclic sugars with sensitive groups and bulky substituents. The het(aryl) iodides involve iodobenzene, iodothiophene, iodobenzothiophene, and iodobenzofuran. Thirty-one examples are presented and the corresponding 2-het(aryl)indole C-nucleoside analogues are obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Room Temperature, Metal-Free, Regioselective Arylselenation of Anilines Using Diselenides as Selenium Source
Authors: Bai Rekha , Dabaria Kamlesh Kumar , Badsara Satpal Singh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA metal-free direct C–H selenation of aniline derivatives via an iodine-catalyzed C–Se bond formation using diselenides as a selenium source at ambient temperature is described. A variety of aniline derivatives underwent regioselective C–H selenation with different diselenides to afford the corresponding aryl selenoethers in good to excellent yields.
Total Synthesis of Cryptopleurine and Its Analogues
Authors: Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Yamakawa Takuro , Tateishi Kaito 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTotal synthesis of phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloid cryptopleurine was achieved in 8 steps from commercially available 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and the epoxide derived from methyleugenol. The key intermediate vinyl triflate enables the divergent synthesis of crypto­pleurine derivatives by late-stage installation of various substituents on the C-ring.
Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Dual-Pathway Inhibition with or without Clopidogrel versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Galli Mattia , Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Been Latonya , Jaoude Patrick Abou , Rivas Andrea , Zhou Xuan , Jia Sida , Maaliki Naji , Lee Chang Hoon , Pineda Andres M. , Suryadevara Siva , Soffer Daniel , Zenni Martin M. , Geisler Tobias , Jennings Lisa K. , Bass Theodore A. , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim Inhibition of thrombin-mediated signaling processes using a vascular dose of rivaroxaban in adjunct to antiplatelet therapy, known as dual-pathway inhibition (DPI), reduces atherothrombotic events in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease. However, there are limited data on the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of this strategy and how it compares to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).
Methods and Results This investigation was conducted in selected cohorts of patients (n = 40) with stable atherosclerotic disease—enrolled within a larger prospective, open-label, parallel-group PD study—who were treated with either aspirin plus clopidogrel (DAPT), aspirin plus rivaroxaban 2.5 mg/bid (DPI), or DAPT plus rivaroxaban 2.5 mg/bid. Multiple PD assays providing a comprehensive assessment of markers of thrombosis were used. PD endpoints included platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity measured by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) following stimuli with CATF (collagen-related peptide + adenosine diphosphate [ADP] + tissue factor [TF]), markers of P2Y12 reactivity, markers of platelet aggregation using LTA following several stimuli (arachidonic acid, ADP, collagen, TF, and thrombin receptor-activating peptide [TRAP]), thrombin generation, and thrombus formation. There was no difference in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity between groups. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced thrombin generation and was associated with a trend toward reduced TF-induced platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel-based treatments reduced markers of P2Y12 signaling and TRAP-induced platelet aggregation. There were no differences between groups on markers of cyclooxygenase-1-mediated activity.
Conclusion Compared with DAPT, DPI does not result in any differences in platelet-mediated global thrombogenicity, but reduces thrombin generation. These PD observations suggest that modulating thrombin generation—by means of factor Xa inhibition—in adjunct to antiplatelet therapy provides effective antithrombotic effects, supporting the efficacy and safety findings of a DPI strategy observed in clinical trials.
Chiron Approach for the Total Synthesis of Brevipolide M
Authors: Liu Jun , Du Yuguo , Liu Yang , Zhao Ziyang , Hu Chao , Zhao Chuanfang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn efficient stereoselective synthesis of brevipolide M was established in 13 linear steps and 17.8% overall yields based on chiron approach. The key steps of our synthesis involved tandem Wittig olefination–tetrahydrofuran cyclization and sequential ring-closing metathesis (RCM)–double-bond migration in one-pot processes.
Extending the Indications of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for Different Central Nervous System Tumors: A Series of 255 Cases in Latin America
Authors: Silva Jr Erasmo Barros da , Ramina Ricardo , Coelho Neto Maurício , Machado Guilherme Augusto de Souza , Cavalcanti Marcella Santos , Silva Joseph Franklin Chenisz da 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Fluorescence guidance with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a safe and reliable tool in total gross resection of intracranial tumors, especially malignant gliomas and cases of metastasis. In the present retrospective study, we have analyzed 5-ALA-induced fluorescence findings in different central nervous system (CNS) lesions to expand the indications of its use in differential diagnoses.
Objectives To describe the indications and results of 5-ALA fluorescence in a series of 255 cases.
Methods In 255 consecutive cases, we recorded age, gender, intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence tumor response, and 5-ALA postresection status, as well the complications related to the method. Postresection was classified as ‘5-ALA free’ or ‘5-ALA residual’. The diagnosis of histopathological tumor was established according to the current classification of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Results There were 195 (76.4%) 5-ALA positive cases, 124 (63.5%) of whom underwent the ‘5-ALA free’ resection. The findings in the positive cases were: 135 gliomas of all grades; 19 meningiomas; 4 hemangioblastomas; 1 solitary fibrous tumor; 27 metastases; 2 diffuse large B cell lymphomas; 2 cases of radionecrosis; 1 inflammatory disease; 2 cases of gliosis; 1 cysticercosis; and 1 immunoglobulin G4-related disease.
Conclusion Fluorescence with 5-ALA can be observed in lesions other than malignant gliomas or metastases, including meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, and lymphomas. Although there is need for further evidence for the use of 5-ALA beyond high-grade gliomas, it may be a safe and reliable tool to improve resection in positive tumors or to guide the histopathologic analysis in biopsies.
Reducing VNS stimulation parameters: Is it safe?
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana Von Hertwig Fernandes de , Chaves Jennyfer Paulla Galdino , Silva Thiago Teixeira , Francisco Alexandre Novicki , Stebel Sérgio Leandro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjuvant therapy used in the treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery or who have limited results after surgical procedures. Currently, there is enough evidence to support its use in patients with various types of epilepsy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the possibility of optimizing therapy by reducing the consumption of the system's battery.
Methods The prospective and double-blind analysis consisted in the evaluation of 6 patients submitted to VNS implantation for 3 months, followed by adjustment of the stimulation settings and continuity of follow-up for another month. The standard protocol was replaced by another with a frequency value of 20 Hz instead of 30 Hz to increase battery life. The safety of this procedure was evaluated through the assessment of two main variables: seizures and side effects.
Results The stimulation at 20 Hz showed 68% reduction in the incidence of seizures (p = 0.054) as well as low incidence of side effects.
Conclusion The present study suggests that the reduction of the stimulation frequency from 30 to 20 Hz is a safe procedure, and it does not compromise the effectiveness of therapy.
The Relationship between the Injury Mechanism and the Incidence of ACL Avulsions in Schatzker Type IV Tibial Plateau Fractures: A 3D Quantitative Analysis Based on Mimics Software
Authors: Liu Zihao , Wang Shuai , Tian Xiaochen , Peng Aqin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Tibial plateau fractures are often accompanied with ligamental and meniscal injuries. Among which, the combined existence of Schatzker type IV fracture with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion has been reported rarely. The purpose of this study was to determine the injury mechanism of Schatzker type IV fracture with ACL avulsion based on Mimics software.
Methods Ninety-nine Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures were retrospectively analyzed by quantitative three-dimensional measurements. ACL avulsions were diagnosed through the data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We simulated the knee posture when an injury occurred and defined different injury patterns. The chi-square test was used for determining the main mechanism which causes Schatzker type IV fractures associated with ACL avulsions.
Results There were more ACL avulsions and more displaced ACL avulsions associated with the knee in flexion in the setting of Schatzker type IV fracture (p < 0.05). More ACL avulsions were found in the injury pattern of flexion-valgus than the other injury patterns of the same level (p < 0.05). The rotation of the tibial showed no significant difference in producing ACL avulsion fractures.
Conclusion This study found that a flexed knee at the occurrence of a Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture is a high-risk factor for causing associated ACL avulsion and producing more displaced avulsions. Flexion-valgus pattern was the main cause of Schatzker type IV fractures associated with ACL avulsions. The findings will help orthopedists understand the injury mechanism and enhance their awareness of such injuries to avoid unfavorable prognosis.
Preoperative Factors Associated with Press Ganey Patient Satisfaction Scores after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Perraut Gregory T. , Zhang Tina , Weir Tristan B. , Schneider Matheus B. , Aneizi Ali , Leong Natalie L. , Packer Jonathan D. , Meredith Sean J. , Henn R Frank 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatient satisfaction is increasingly used as a metric to evaluate the quality of healthcare services and to determine hospital and physician compensation. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with Press Ganey Ambulatory Surgery (PGAS) satisfaction scores, and to evaluate the effect of each PGAS domain score on the total PGAS score variability in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). A review of a Press Ganey (PG) database at a single center was performed for patients undergoing ACLR between 2015 and 2019. Ninety-nine patients completed the PGAS survey and 54 also completed preoperative demographic and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for an orthopaedic registry. PGAS scores were calculated and bivariate analysis was performed. Multivariable linear regression determined the effect of each of the six PGAS domains on the total PGAS score variability. In the total cohort of 99 patients, no factors were significantly associated with the total PGAS score or any domain scores. For the 54 patients who also participated in the orthopaedic registry, none of the preoperative PROMs were significantly correlated with total PGAS score. However, having a college degree (89 vs. 95 or 97 points; p = 0.02) and continuous femoral nerve catheter (92 vs. 100 points; p = 0.04) was associated with lower personal issue domain scores, while patients with a greater number of prior surgeries had worse registration domain scores (ρ = -0.27; p = 0.049). For the entire cohort, the registration and facility domains contributed the most variability to the total PGAS score, while the physician domain contributed the least. Few preoperative factors are associated with PGAS scores, and total PGAS scores do not significantly correlate with baseline PROMs. Surgeons may have limited ability to improve their PGAS scores given most of the variability in total scores stems from systemic aspects of the patient experience.
Noninvasive Respiratory Support during Pediatric Critical Care Transport: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hutton Hayley , Sherif Ahmed , Ari Abhijit , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Jones Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNoninvasive respiratory support (NRS) including high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) is increasingly used for children with respiratory failure requiring interhospital transport by pediatric critical care transport (PCCT) teams. In this retrospective observational study of children receiving NRS on transport between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2019 by a single PCCT service in England, we describe a cohort of children, looking at patient characteristics, journey logistics, adverse events, and failure of NRS (as defined by emergency intubation on transport or within 24 hours of arriving on the pediatric intensive care unit), and to attempt to identify risk factors that were associated with NRS failure. A total of 3,504 patients were transported during the study period. Three hundred and seventeen (9%) received NRS. Median age was 4.9 months (IQR: 1.0–18.2); median weight was 5.1 kg (IQR: 3.1–13). The primary diagnostic category was cardiorespiratory in 244/317 (77%) patients. Comorbidities were recorded in 189/317 (59.6%) patients. Median Pediatric Index of Mortality-3 (PIM3) score was 0.024 (IQR: 0.012–0.045). Median stabilization time was 80 minutes while median patient journey time was 40 minutes. Nineteen adverse events were described (clinical deterioration, equipment failure/interface issues) affecting 6% of transports. The incidence of NRS failure was 6.6%. No risk factors associated with NRS failure were identified. We concluded that NRS can be considered safe during pediatric transport for children with a wide range of diagnoses and varying clinical severity, with a low rate of adverse events and need for intubation on transport or on the PICU.
The influence of modulated magnetic field on light absorption in SERF atomic magnetometer
Authors: Yin Yan , Zhou Binquan , Wang Yaxiang , Ye Mao , Ning Xiaolin , Han Bangcheng , Fang Jiancheng 
Published: January 2022

A single-beam spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer is ultra-sensitive in the zero field, which has great potential for the detection of a magnetoencephalogram. The addition of a modulated magnetic field is an important approach to achieve high sensitivity for devices of this kind. In this study, we discovered that the amplitude and frequency of the modulated magnetic field (modulation index 0–3) both influence the light absorption. We defined this effect into a function by combining theoretical analysis and the results of experiments. It is discovered that the transmission intensity decreases with an increase in the modulation index. This effect is weakened under the application of a high modulation index. In addition, the transmission intensity and bias magnetic field no longer follow a strict Lorentz curve, while a high degree of fit can be achieved by applying the numerical solution of the Bloch function. A compact magnetometer with a volume of 10 cm3 and a sensitivity of 20 fT/Hz is developed based on the single beam scheme for the proof of concept. Our study is crucial in two aspects: (1) Obtaining high sensitivity through a short measurement period and (2) alignment of the scale factor of the individual magnetometer in a detection array, which further pave the way for improvement in a magnetometer’s performance under a variety of optics platforms.
Ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with widely tunable probe photon energy of 5.3–7.0 eV for investigating dynamics of three-dimensional materials
Authors: Bao Changhua , Zhong Haoyuan , Zhou Shaohua , Feng Runfa , Wang Yuan , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: January 2022

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES) is a powerful technique for capturing the ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers and revealing photo-induced phase transitions in quantum materials. However, the lack of widely tunable probe photon energy, which is critical for accessing the dispersions at different out-of-plane momentum kz in TrARPES measurements, has hindered the ultrafast dynamics investigation of 3D quantum materials, such as Dirac or Weyl semimetals. Here, we report the development of a TrARPES system with a highly tunable probe photon energy from 5.3 to 7.0 eV. The tunable probe photon energy is generated by the fourth harmonic generation of a tunable wavelength femtosecond laser source by combining a β-BaB2O4 crystal and a KBe2BO3F2 crystal. A high energy resolution of 29–48 meV and time resolution of 280–320 fs are demonstrated on 3D topological materials ZrTe5 and Sb2Te3. Our work opens up new opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics in 3D quantum materials.
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of supersonically cooled singlet carbenes: Bromomethylene (HCBr) in the CH stretch region
Authors: Chan Ya-Chu , Kortyna Andrew , Nesbitt David J. 
Published: January 2022

First high-resolution spectra of cold (∼35 K) singlet bromomethylene HCBr in the CH stretching (v1) region from 2770 to 2850 cm−1 are reported using near quantum shot-noise limited laser absorption methods in a slit jet supersonic discharge expansion source. Three rovibrational bands are identified at high S/N (20:1–40:1) and rotationally assigned to (i) the CH stretch fundamental (v1) band X̃1,0,0←X̃0,0,0 and (ii) vibrational hot bands [X̃(1,1,0)←X̃(0,1,0) and X̃(1,0,1)←X̃(0,0,1)] arising from vibrationally excited HCBr populated in the discharge with single quanta in either the H–C–Br bend (v2) or C–Br stretch (v3) modes. Precision rotational constants are reported for a total of six states, with an experimentally determined CH stretch vibrational frequency (2799.38 cm−1) in good agreement with previous low-resolution fluorescence studies [M. Deselnicu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124(13), 134302 (2006)]. Detailed analysis of the fundamental v1 band highlights the presence of perturbations in the X̃1,0,0 level, which we tentatively attribute to arise from the nearby triplet state ã(0,0,1) through spin–orbit interaction or the multiple quanta X̃0,2,1 singlet state via c-type Coriolis coupling. Reduced-Doppler resolution (60 MHz) in the slit-jet IR spectrometer permits for clear observation of a nuclear spin hyperfine structure, with experimental line shapes well reproduced by nuclear quadrupole/spin-rotation coupling constants from microwave studies [C. Duan et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 220(1), 113–121 (2003)]. Finally, the a-type to b-type transition intensity ratio for the fundamental CH stretch band is notably larger than that predicted by using a bond-dipole model, which from high level ab initio quantum calculations [CCSD(T)/PVQZ] can be attributed to vibrationally induced “charge-sloshing” of electron density along the polar C–Br bond.
Efficient asymptotics of solutions to the Cauchy problem with localized initial data for linear systems of differential and pseudodifferential equations
Authors: Dobrokhotov S. Yu. , Nazaikinskii V. E. , Shafarevich A. I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We say that the initial data in the Cauchy problem are localized if they are given by functions concentrated in a neighbourhood of a submanifold of positive codimension, and the size of this neighbourhood depends on a small parameter and tends to zero together with the parameter. Although the solutions of linear differential and pseudodifferential equations with localized initial data constitute a relatively narrow subclass of the set of all solutions, they are very important from the point of view of physical applications. Such solutions, which arise in many branches of mathematical physics, describe the propagation of perturbations of various natural phenomena (tsunami waves caused by an underwater earthquake, electromagnetic waves emitted by antennas, etc.), and there is extensive literature devoted to such solutions (including the study of their asymptotic behaviour). It is natural to say that an asymptotics is efficient when it makes it possible to examine the problem quickly enough with relatively few computations. The notion of efficiency depends on the available computational tools and has changed significantly with the advent of Wolfram Mathematica, Matlab, and similar computing systems, which provide fundamentally new possibilities for the operational implementation and visualization of mathematical constructions, but which also impose new requirements on the construction of the asymptotics. We give an overview of modern methods for constructing efficient asymptotics in problems with localized initial data. The class of equations and systems under consideration includes the Schrödinger and Dirac equations, the Maxwell equations, the linearized gasdynamic and hydrodynamic equations, the equations of the linear theory of surface water waves, the equations of the theory of elasticity, the acoustic equations, and so on.
Bibliography: 109 titles.
Pooled testing efficiency increases with test frequency
Authors: Augenblick Ned , Kolstad Jonathan , Obermeyer Ziad , Wang Ao 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Frequent mass testing can slow a rapidly spreading infectious disease by quickly identifying and isolating infected individuals from the population. One proposed method to reduce the extremely high costs of this testing strategy is to employ pooled testing, in which samples are combined and tested together using one test, and the entire pool is cleared given a negative test result. This paper demonstrates that frequent pooled testing of individuals with correlated risk—even given large uncertainty about infection rates—is particularly efficient. We conclude that frequent pooled testing using natural groupings is a cost-effective way to suppress infection risk in a pandemic.