bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomato Fruitworm and Tomato Pinworm Control, 1983
Authors: Story R. N. , Etzel W. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were transplanted into 40-inch rows on 3 Aug. at the Sweet Potato Res. Cen., Chase, La. Single-row plots consisting of 10 plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a handheld CO2-pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were begun when ca 50% of the plants had set fruit. Applications were made on 23 Sept., 10 and 21 Oct., and 8 Nov. Ripening fruit were picked and examined for injury on 8 Nov. and 18 Nov.
Suppression of Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Petoseed 7718’ tomato seedlings were transplanted on 13 July at the Univ. of California’s South Coast Field Stn. in Santa Ana, Calif. Experimental plots were four rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 2 weeks, and drip irrigated thereafter. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at flowering. Application dates included 22, 29 Aug.; 6, 12, 19, 26 Sept.; and 3 Oct. The SD compounds were not applied on 19 Sept. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with six nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments included 0.4% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of larvae and pupae in four pupal trays per replicate from 26 Aug. through 23 Sept. On 6 Oct., 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center two rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily S. exigua), and K. lycopersicella.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 17 Feb., in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using white on black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were four replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 25 Mar. to 20 May, for a total of nine applications except DPX-H524-16 which was only applied the last 7 weeks. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with five nozzles per row, 250 lb/in2, and in 100 gal of water per acre. on 3 May, the total numbers of leafmines and live larvae per leaf (third fully-expanded leaf from terminal were counted from 10 randomly selected plants per plot. On 10 May, the total numbers of pinworm mines per leaf (fourth fully expanded leaf from terminal) were counted from 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Adult southern green stink bug counts were taken on 10 May by shaking 3 row-ft of plants over a white cloth and counting the stink bugs on the cloth. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 24 May. The percentage of fruit damaged by southern green stink bug was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The leafminer and pinworm populations were normal, but the southern green stink bug population was unusually high.
Potato Leafhopper and Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer Control, 1983
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Wallace Jean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test were conducted at the Pa. Agrie. Exp. St. farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. All insecticide sprays for the potato leafhopper and alfalfa blotch leafrainer were applied to 40 by 40 ft plots on 30 June, to 2nd crop alfalfa. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in each of the four replications. Alfalfa was 4 to 6 in. tall at treatment. Spray concentrates were applied in 30 gal water per acre at 19 lb/in2 with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom and 80° flat fan nozzles. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 10 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15-in. diam. sweep net. Leafhopper density was evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after application. Alfalfa blotch leafminer control was determined from the number of mined leaflets in 10 stems collected randomly across each plot. Alfalfa yield was determined from an 120 ft sample taken from each plot on 22 July.
Alfalfa Insect Control in First Cutting, 1983
Authors: Klostermeyer L.E. , Evans R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were applied to a second-year alfalfa field at the Middle Tenn. Exp. St., Spring Hill, on 15 Apr. Furadan was included as a standard. Treatments, replicated five times in a randomized complete block design, were applied to plots 18 by 20 ft at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2 with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in. diam. insect net in each plot before treatment and on 25 Apr., 4 and 11 May. Pretreatment means were 68 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL), 0.0 alfalfa weevils (AW), and 7.7 pea aphids (PA). Weather conditions for the 10-day period after treatment were: average maximum (55.2°F) and minimum (33.8°F), 2.03 in. of rain, with frost 1 and 5 days after treatment. Total rainfall from harvest was 8.39 in. Five stems per plot from only three replicates were measured on 11 May. A 5-ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 18 May. Subsamples were dried for dry weight determination.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control, 1983
Authors: Manglitz G.R. , Rethwisch Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. Mead Field Lab, Mead, Neb., in a 3rd-year stand of ‘Vernal’ alfalfa. Plots were 9 by 15 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. A single application of six insecticides, at various rates, was made on 20 May. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 activated pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gal/acre at 20 lbs/in2 and equipped with a 5.5-ft boom. Each plot was sampled three times, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment, by taking five sweeps per plot with a 15-in. diam. insect net.
Toxicity of Four Insecticides to Larvae and Adults, 1981
Authors: Suhaibani Ali , Ware George W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
LC50’s were determined for field-collected 4th-stage larvae after 4 h of direct contact with insecticide deposits in glass petri dishes. LD50’s for field-collected adults were determined 24 h after topical treatment with acetone solutions of insecticides using a micro-applicator.
Alfalfa, Evaluation of Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil, Pea Aphid, and Meadow Spittlebug, 1983
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied 6 May, using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft at 28 gal/acre and a pressure of 20 lb/in2 ; plant height averaged 7 in. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design on plots measuring 22 by 40 ft. Sampling consisted of one, 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-in. diam. sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected weekly for 4 weeks and mean values compared by ANOVA. Total accumulative precipitation for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks posttreatment was 0.10, 2.29, 3.20, and 3.79 in., respectively. The combination of alsystin (an insect growth regulator (IGR)) and Baythroid (a synthetic pyrethrin) was included in these trials primarily to evaluate efficacy of a pyrethroid at very low rates AI plus an IGR for use in IMP programs for alfalfa weevil where protection of beneficial insects from chemical treatments is desired.
Corn Borer Efficacy Test, 1983
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on a furrow-irrigated cornfield at the Garden City Exp. St. in Finney County, Kans. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (4 rows) and 15 m long surrounded by a 3 m wide border of untreated corn. Chemical treatments were applied twice, on 4 and 17 Aug. with a high clearance sprayer, using a 3 m boom with three nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and two suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The first application was made near the middle of the southwestern corn borer flight. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 lb/in2 of CO2 pressure. About a week before treating the plots, four plants were selected from the center two rows of each plot and flagged. These plants were innoculated with banks grass mites in an effort to augment the natural population of banks grass mites. Counts were made by visually searching the leaves on one side of each of these marked plants (0.5 plant) for adult female mites. Corn borer counts were made in mid-Sept, by disecting 10 consecutive corn plants per plot. Grain yields were obtained by hand harvesting 18m from both of the center rows.
Foliar Sprays for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1983
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Cargill 867’ field corn was planted 17 May in 36-in. rows at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. St., Rosemount, Minn. Plots were 16 row-ft, arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Applications of insecticides were made 5 July after shothole feeding injury and small larvae in the whorls were detected. Sprays were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre and were directed into the whorl. Leaf damage ratings, using a 1 to 9 scale, were made 25 July.
No-Till Field Corn, Yield Response to Various Insecticides for Stalk Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Brett H. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for their effect on yields in a field infested with a stalk borer during the summer of 1983 in Montgomery County, Va. Corn was planted on 8 and 9 May in 38-in. rows no-till in winter rye. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring four rows by 50 ft by four replicates. Plant stand counts were taken on 25 May by counting the total emerged plants in the plants in the middle two rows of each plot. Stalk borer infestations were taken on 26 May by counting the number of infested plants in the middle two rows of each plot. Insecticides were applied at two different treatment dates, an early application 31 May, and a late application 14 June. Sprayable insecticides were placed over the four rows in each plot using a backpack compressed air sprayer equipped with two fan type nozzles (Teejet 8003) and delivering 20 gal/acre at 3 mph and 30 lb/in2 . The Furadan 15G was applied using a Gandy granular applicator. Yields were determined on 28 Sept. by harvesting whole stalks of 36.1% moisture corn for ensilage from 0.0029 acre per plot.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1983
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for rootworm control. The first test was conducted at the Pa. Agric. Exp. St. Farm at Rock Springs, Centre County. Northern corn rootworm is the species present at this location. The test field had been continuous corn with no insecticide treatments for 3 years. Corn was planted on 19 May, using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge no-till planter with 30-in. row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in five replications. Eight insecticides were compared at 15 material-rate combinations, using either an in-furrow or banded method of application. All granular treatments were applied at planting, 19 May. The banded treatments were applied in 7-in. bands over the row. Reduction sleeves were used to contain Lorsban to a 5-in. band. Stand germination counts were taken on 21 June. On 21 and 22 June, the plots were thinned to 114 plants per 90 ft of row or a population of 22,000 per acre. On 5 Aug., the five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined on 8 Nov. by mechanically harvesting two middle rows of each plot for shelled corn. The second test was conducted at the Yahner farm, Cambria County, Pa. Both northern and western corn rootworm were present in the field. Western corn rootworm was first detected in this county in 1982. The tilled test field had been continuous corn for more than 4 years. Corn was planted on 8 June, using a four-row John Deere no-till planter with 38-in. row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 7.5 by 126 ft plots in a randomized design with untreated checks in four replications. Four insecticides were compared at 1 lb(AI)/acre banded 7-in. over the row. All granular treatments were applied at planting. Plants were thinned to 125 plants per 100 ft row on 22 June. On 11 Aug., the five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was not measured due to drought.
Field Corn, Seedcorn Maggot Larvae Control, 1983
Authors: Lawson E. C. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides for seedcorn maggot control were tested at the Johnston farm, 1 mi south of Ames, Iowa. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Seed furrows 30 ft long with 40-in. spacing were opened 28 Apr. A meat and bone meal bait was applied to the furrow at the rate of 1.5 qt/30 ft, and was watered 28 Apr. and 1 May to maintain a moist condition. Corn was hand planted and insecticides applied 6 May. Granular formulations were applied in the furrow, as a band over the furrow (T-band) or as a band after furrow closure using Noble metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Granules were incorporated by raking. Treatments were evaluated for feeding damage and abundance or larvae and pupae on 26-27 May. Two 1-m by ca. 13-cm trenches were dug in each treatment to a depth of slightly below seed placement. This soil sample was examined for larvae, pupae and damaged seeds. A 1/1,000-acre stand count was taken in each treatment.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1982
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at five Iowa locations in 1982. The experimental design for these tests was a randomized complete block with four replications for yield trials. The root-protection trials had 50-ft, single-row treatments and were planted at Atlantic, Nashua, Sutherland, Ames, and Earling on 30 Apr., 1 June, 4 May, 29 Apr. and 8 May, respectively. The yield trials had 50-ft, double-row treatments and were planted adjacent to the root-protection trials at Atlantic, Nashua, and Ames. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 3 mph. Banded liquid formulations were applied with the self-contained small plot sprayer that had a Tee Jet 8003E nozzle using a pressure of 20 lb/in2. The applicators were mounted on a Model 71B, John Deere four-row unit planter. The 7-in. banded treatments were applied in front of the press wheels and incorporated with drag chains. Furrow treatments placed the insecticide directly in the seed furrow before it was closed. Rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1 to 6 scale (1, equal to no feeding and 6 equal to 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken when the angle between a plant and the ground was 45 degrees or less. Yields were determined by machine harvesting 1/195 acre and converting the data to bu/acre of No.2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture.
Field Evaluation of Granular Soil Insecticides for Control of the Sugarcane Bettle, Eutheola Rugiceps (Leconte) in Field Corn, 1983
Authors: Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five granular soil insecticides labeled for control of corn rootworm were tested in the field for effectiveness against the sugarcane beetle. ‘Pioneer Brand 3030’ field corn was used in the test. The corn was planted 13 May at the LSU St Gabriel Exp. Stn., Iberville Parish. Insecticides were applied using a two-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry pint jars of insecticide. The jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7 in. band or in-furrow applicator to obtain the desired placement of insecticide. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides, other than Mocap, were applied ahead of the press wheel and were further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. All Mocap treatments were applied behind the press wheel and incorporated by the drag chain. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with three replications. Each treatment consisted of a 6 ft by 6 ft by 6 ft Saran screen cage placed over two treated rows of corn. The cages were installed and 100 sugarcane beetles placed in each on 27 May. The effectiveness of the insecticides was evaluated on 31 May by removing the cage and counting the number of dead plants and dead beetles in the caged treated area. Beetles were recovered by sifting all the soil in the caged area to a depth of 10 in. through 0.25 in. hardware cloth screen sieves. The soil in the experimental area was a silt-sand, recent alluvial soil with good drainage. Six inches of precipitaiton fell on the test area between planting and infestation. Temperature maximums and minimums at ground level within the cages during the infestation period were 96 and 60°F, respectively.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Witkowski J.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and nonregistered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to dry land corn plots in Dixon County, Neb. on 3 July. Granular insecticides were applied in 15 gal of water/acre at 2 mph at 17 lb/in2. with a specially modified back pack sprayer. Each single row plot was 100 ft. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Before insecticide application 10 consecutive plants in each plot were infested with approximately 60 first-instar borer larvae using a hand-held inoculator. In mid-Aug., artificially infested corn plants were split in half from tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Apple, Tufted Apple Budmoth Control and Timing, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was designed to determine an optimum period for controlling TABM as well as to evaluate various insectidices and insecticide combinations. Sprays were applied to four- or five-tree plots arranged in a randomized block design consisting of five replicates of each treatment. Each plot consisted of alternating ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ trees. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gal/acre per alternate side driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides (50 gal/acre). Effects of treatments on ERM were evaluated by counting mites several times during the season from samples of 15 leaves per tree (Yorks only), 90 leaves per treatment. Effects of sprays on S.punctum were evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops (Yorks only) after 1 Jul. and one pick sample at harvest (Golds and Yorks). Apple samples averaged 278 fruits per replicate and 1,390 per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton With Igr’S and Microbial Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the plant sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn., Mississippi State, to determine the efficacy of microbial insecticides and insect growth regulators at various rates and application intervals for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to Stoneville 213 on 27 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied during the period 3 to 19 Aug. at intervals shown in the data table. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 June; 8, 18, 22, and 29 July; 10, 22 and 24 Aug. with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 10 Aug., by randomly examining 25 squares and 25 terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 Nov. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Chemical Larvicides and Ovicides, 1983
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn., Mississippi State, to evaluate the efficacy of larvicides and larvicide/ovicide combinations for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 213’ on 7 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.6 gal/acre total volume at 30 lb/in2. through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Five early season applications were made to four of the plots on 29 June and 6, 11, 15 and 22 Jul. Treatments were initiated at presquare (29 Jun.) and continued through 22 Jul. Differences were not detected in mid-late season applications were made on all plots at about weekly intervals. Treatments were applied on 26 Jul, and 3, 9, 7, 17, and 23 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 Jun., 8, 18, 22, and 29 Jul., and 10, 22 and 24 Aug., with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 4 and 12 Aug., by examining 25 random squares and 25 random terminals per plot. Yield data were taken on 10 Nov. by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot.
Effect of Chlordimeform Applied in Three Different Carries on Yield, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this test was to determine which carrier was best suited for the application of chlordimeform on cotton. ‘Delcot 390’ variety cotton was planted 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri’s Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Plots were eight rows by 100 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Chlordimeform was applied to the center four rows with a Hahn high-clearance sprayer. Fundal SP was mixed with equal parts of water to be used with the fertilizer and oil carriers. Fundal 4EC was used with the water carrier and mixed according to labeled directions. Galecron 4EC was mixed with oil. Pinhead square treatments were initiated 8 Jul., additional treatments were applied 15 Jul. and 20 Jul. Water carried chlordimeform was applied with a four-row boom at the rate of 4 gal/acre (5 mph, 30 lb/in2 , one TX-12 cone spray nozzle per row) through an air pressurized system. Oil and 10-10-10 fertilizer carried chlordimeform was applied with a four row boom at the rate of 2.38 qt/acre (8.8 mph, 20 lb/in2. , one Micro-max nozzle, #20 orifice per row) through an air pressurized system. Yield data were determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot on 3 Oct.