bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Timing of Elective Surgery Scheduling and Operating Theater Utilization: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: Lee Soo-Hoon , Dai Tinglong , Phan Phillip H. , Moran Nehama , Stonemetz Jerry 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Overutilization of operating theaters (OTs) occurs when actual surgery duration exceeds scheduled duration, which could potentially result in delays or cancelations in subsequent surgeries. We investigate the association between the timing of elective surgery scheduling and OT overutilization.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using electronic health record data of 27,423 elective surgeries from July 1, 2016, to July 31, 2018, at a mid-Atlantic academic medical center with 56 OTs. The scheduling precision of each surgery is measured using the ratio of the actual (A) over the scheduled or forecast (F) length of surgery to derive the predictor variable of A/F (actual-to-forecast ratio [AF]). Student t test and χ2 tests analyzed differences between OTs reserved within and over 7 days of surgery for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Hierarchical regression models, controlling for potential confounds from the hospital environment, clinicians’ work experience and workloads, patient factors, scheduled OT length, and operational and team factors isolated the association between OTs reserved within 7 days of the elective surgery with AF.

RESULTS:
The Student t test indicates that OTs reserved within 7 days of surgery had significantly higher AF (1.13 ± 0.53 vs 1.08 ± 0.41; P < .001). In-depth Student t test analyses for 4 patient groups, namely, outpatient, extended recovery, admission after surgery, and inpatient, indicate that AF was only significantly different for OTs reserved within 7 days for the admission after surgery group (1.15 ± 0.47 vs 1.09 ± 0.35; P < .001) but did not reach statistical significance among the outpatient, extended recovery, and inpatient groups. After controlling for potential confounds, hierarchical regression for the admission after surgery group reveals that OTs reserved within 7 days took 2.7% longer than the scheduled length of surgery (AFbeta, 0.027; 95% CI, 0.003–0.051; P = .027).

CONCLUSIONS:
Elective surgeries scheduled within 7 days of surgery were associated with significantly higher likelihood of OT overutilization for surgical patients who will be admitted after surgery. Further studies at other hospitals and a longer period of time are needed to ascertain a potential “squeeze-in” effect.
Molecular, Histological, and Clinical Characteristics of Oligodendrogliomas: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Dono Antonio , Alfaro-Munoz Kristin , Yan Yuanqing , Lopez-Garcia Carlos A. , Soomro Zaid , Williford Garret , Takayasu Takeshi , Robell Lindsay , Majd Nazanin K. , de Groot John , Esquenazi Yoshua , Kamiya-Matsuoka Carlos , Ballester Leomar Y. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Reports suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway alterations confer increased risk of progression and poor prognosis in oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q-codeleted molecular oligodendrogliomas (mODG). However, factors that affect prognosis in mODG have not been thoroughly studied. In addition, the benefits of adjuvant radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) in mODGs remain to be determined.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the role of PIK3CA mutations in mODGs.

METHODS:
One hundred seven mODGs (2008-2019) diagnosed at 2 institutions were included. A retrospective review of clinical characteristics, molecular alterations, treatments, and outcomes was performed.

RESULTS:
The median age was 37 years, and 61 patients (57%) were male. There were 64 (60%) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 43 (40%) WHO grade 3 tumors. Eighty-two patients (77%) were stratified as high risk (age 40 years or older and/or subtotal resection per Radiation Treatment Oncology Group-9802). Gross-total resection was achieved in 47 patients (45%). Treatment strategies included observation (n = 15), TMZ (n = 11), radiation (n = 13), radiation/TMZ (n = 62), and others (n = 6). Our results show a benefit of TMZ vs observation in progression-free survival (PFS). No difference in PFS or overall survival (OS) was observed between radiation and radiation/TMZ. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 15 (14%) mODG, and shorter OS was observed in PIK3CA-mutant compared with PIK3CA wild-type mODGs (10.7 years vs 15.1 years, P = .009). WHO grade 3 tumors showed a shorter PFS, but no significant difference in OS was observed between WHO grades.

CONCLUSION:
Our findings suggest that mODGs harboring PIK3CA mutations have worse OS. Except for an advantage in PFS with TMZ treatment, adjuvant TMZ, radiation, or a combination of the two showed no significant improvement in OS.
Rates of warming impact oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Loughland Isabella , Lau Gigi Y. , Jolly Jordan , Seebacher Frank 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Potentially negative effects of thermal variation on physiological functions may be modulated by compensatory responses, but their efficacy depends on the time scale of phenotypic adjustment relative to the rate of temperature change. Increasing temperatures in particular can affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our aim was to test whether different rates of temperature increase affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and modulate oxidative stress. We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to warming from 20°C to 28°C over 3, 6, 24 or 48 h, and compared these with a control group that was kept at constant 20°C. Fish exposed to the fastest (3 h) and slowest (48 h) rates of warming had significantly higher rates of H2O2 production relative to the control treatment, and the proportion of O2 converted to H2O2 (H2O2/O2 ratio) was significantly greater in these groups. However, ROS production was not paralleled by differences in mitochondrial substrate oxidation rates, leak respiration rates or coupling (respiratory control ratios). Increased rates of ROS production did not lead to damage of proteins or membranes, which may be explained by a moderate increase in catalase activity at the fastest, but not the slowest, rate of warming. The increase in ROS production at the slowest rate of warming indicates that even seemingly benign environments may be stressful. Understanding how animals respond to different rates of temperature change is important, because the rate determines the time period for phenotypic adjustments and it also alters the environmental thermal signal that triggers compensatory pathways.
Wind of change: a diurnal skink thermoregulates between cooler set-points and for an increased amount of time in the presence of wind
Authors: Virens Evelyn , Cree Alison 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Wind has the potential to dramatically alter the thermal landscape of habitats, and consequently, to affect how ectotherms thermoregulate. However, few studies have directly assessed if wind alters thermoregulation by ectotherms. We compared the thermoregulation of a heliothermic New Zealand skink under three treatments: no wind, wind at 2 m s−1 and wind at 6 m s−1. We provided captive skinks with housing in which their preferred body temperature was only achievable inside a wind tunnel. During experimental treatments with wind, airflow was generated through the wind tunnel while the maximum available operative temperature remained consistent among treatments. Skinks were able to move in and out of the wind tunnel. Using thermal bio-loggers, we recorded near-continuous skin temperatures of skinks over 90 min. Contrary to our expectations, more skinks tended to thermoregulate in the two wind treatments compared with the treatments without wind (P=0.062) and of the skinks that did thermoregulate, those in the two wind treatments thermoregulated for significantly longer than those in the treatment without wind. The set-point temperatures that skinks thermoregulated between became significantly cooler as windspeed increased, despite skinks having access to the same operative temperatures. Overall, our study suggests that wind has the potential to significantly change the temperatures selected by lizards, even when comparable temperatures are available; wind is therefore an important environmental parameter to consider when studying the thermal ecology of ectotherms, including in the context of climate change.
Lewis Pair RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylates on-Water: Evidence of Radical Propagation Mechanism
Authors: Koyama Tomoko , Shimizu Atsushi , Matsuoka Shin-ichi , Suzuki Masato 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Lewis pair (LP) composed of PPh3 and Cu(OTf)2 on-water is a newly emerging catalytic system for polymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Herein, we report the additive effect of the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents on the polymerization of six methacrylate monomers with various hydrophilicities. The polymerization control by the RAFT agents proved that this LP polymerization involves a radical propagating mechanism.
Endovascular treatment of complicated aortic aneurysms using a modified flow-diverting strategy: Mid- to long-term outcome from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yongxue , Lu Qingsheng , Zhang Simeng , Liang Zhihui , Cui Jinguo , Jing Zaiping 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:Frequently reported adverse events following flow-diverting stents’ treatment of aortic aneurysms indicate further refinements of this technique are required. This study aims at evaluating the clinical efficacy of an improved flow-diverting strategy.Methods:A modified flow-diverting procedure was utilized in selected patients, in which stent-grafts were used to cover the non-branched segment of the aneurysmal lesion while flow-diverting multilayered bare metal stents were applied to cover the reno-visceral segment. The safety and efficacy of this joint procedure were assessed by regular follow-up.Results:We screened 497 patients and included 67 cases (mean age: 67.07 ± 12.14 years; 53 males) between February 2012 and March 2018. The median number of stent-grafts and bare metal stents used in the procedure were 1 (range: 1 to 3) and 3 (range: 2 to 4), respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 34.54 ± 20.28 months, aneurysm maximum diameter decreased from 64.79 ± 10.31 to 59.32 ± 10.20 mm (p = 0.002), while sac thrombosis ratio increased from 26.01±10.99% to 98.46±4.84% (p<0.001). Aneurysm-related death or conversion to open repair was documented in three patients. The majority side-branches (198/201) remained patent during follow-up. Overall clinical success rate reached 91.04% (61/67).Conclusions:The joint procedure is characterized by significant aneurysm thrombosis along with high aneurysm stabilization/shrinkage and side-branches’ patency rate. It might represent a potential improvement of the flow-diverting strategy in treating complex aortic lesions, yet large-scale, prospective, and randomized trials are anticipated to draw a robust conclusion.Advances in knowledge:The joint procedure could potentially exclude complex aortic aneurysms from circulation while maintaining the collateral branches.
An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Obiyan Mary O. , El Tantawi Maha , Kemoli Arthur , Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Gaffar Balgis , Schroth Robert J. ,   Early Childhood Caries Advocacy Group
Published: February 2022

Background:Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the associations between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds.Methods:This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated.Results:Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence.Conclusions:Emotional and sexual violence where the two types of IPV associated with the prevalence of ECC. The associations were minor and the directions of their effects were difference. These findings need to be studied further.
Characteristics of back pain in young adults and their relationship with dehydration: a cross sectional study
Authors: ul-Haq Faizan- , Yaqoob Uzair , Mehmood Muniba , Siddiqui Adeel Ahmed , Usama Syed Muhammad , Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Khan Muhammad Mannan Ali 
Published: February 2022

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major factors impairing the quality of life and is the most frequent cause of disability. Inadequate water intake is believed to be the predisposing factor for LBP particularly in the younger population. It is commonly seen that the incidence of LBP has been on the rise in people between 20-40 years of age. Thus, the basic aim of this study is to find a potential relationship between dehydration and LBP among young adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from medical students and practicing doctors of 21-39 years from March-May 2019. Characteristics of pain along with the daily activities of patients were assessed. The severity was assessed by using the Graded Chronic pain scale (GCPS). Results: Out of a total of 426 participants, 84.74% had LBP. Of these, 44.3% complained of having it more than once a week, with a duration usually between 1-7 days. More than half of the patients had their routines disturbed because of this pain. Most of the participants complained of an episodic increase in summers. The majority (75.9%, n=274) drank 5-9 glasses of water a day, 64.5% of them were of opinion that their daily water consumption was enough, while 61.5% felt an association between dehydration and LBP. According to the GCPS, one-third of the population had chronic pain of grade I, and the other third had grade IV. Conclusions: It can be concluded that with the increase in the pace of life, many of the young adults have a reduced intake of water, and due to a probable relationship between LBP and dehydration, this might be a reason for the increasing propensity of LBP in them. There is a need for further work in this regard.
Stacked deep analytic model for human activity recognition on a UCI HAR database
Authors: Pang Ying Han , Ping Liew Yee , Ling Goh Fan , Yin Ooi Shih , How Khoh Wee 
Published: February 2022

Background Owing to low cost and ubiquity, human activity recognition using smartphones is emerging as a trendy mobile application in diverse appliances such as assisted living, healthcare monitoring, etc. Analysing this one-dimensional time-series signal is rather challenging due to its spatial and temporal variances. Numerous deep neural networks (DNNs) are conducted to unveil deep features of complex real-world data. However, the drawback of DNNs is the un-interpretation of the network's internal logic to achieve the output. Furthermore, a huge training sample size (i.e. millions of samples) is required to ensure great performance. Methods In this work, a simpler yet effective stacked deep network, known as Stacked Discriminant Feature Learning (SDFL), is proposed to analyse inertial motion data for activity recognition. Contrary to DNNs, this deep model extracts rich features without the prerequisite of a gigantic training sample set and tenuous hyper-parameter tuning. SDFL is a stacking deep network with multiple learning modules, appearing in a serialized layout for multi-level feature learning from shallow to deeper features. In each learning module, Rayleigh coefficient optimized learning is accomplished to extort discriminant features. A subject-independent protocol is implemented where the system model (trained by data from a group of users) is used to recognize data from another group of users. Results Empirical results demonstrate that SDFL surpasses state-of-the-art methods, including DNNs like Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Belief Network, etc., with ~97% accuracy from the UCI HAR database with thousands of training samples. Additionally, the model training time of SDFL is merely a few minutes, compared with DNNs, which require hours for model training. Conclusions The supremacy of SDFL is corroborated in analysing motion data for human activity recognition requiring no GPU but only a CPU with a fast- learning rate.
Misinformation and Disinformation in Modern Warfare
Authors: Chang Yanling , Keblis Matthew F. , Li Ran , Iakovou Eleftherios , White Chelsea C. 
Published: February 2022

Assessing Distorted Information in Modern Warfare Distorted information (misinformation and disinformation) has long been a part of warfare (see the writings of Sun-Tzu). However, the study of the ever-increasing use of distorted information in modern warfare has been rather limited. In “Misinformation and Disinformation in Modern Warfare,” Chang, Keblis, Li, Iakovou, and White model instances of today’s battlespace as a partially observable game with three agents, a leader and two followers, and examine the benefit to the leader (e.g., a military command) of modulating the communication of information between (i) followers who are adversaries and (ii) followers who are allies. Counter to intuition, the study shows that only under certain conditions is it optimal for the leader to degrade (enhance) the quality of the information communicated between adversarial (allied) followers. The developed methodology is applied to warfare instances encountered in the Battle of Mosul.
Sustainable Development—International Framework—Overview and Analysis in the Context of Forests and Forest Products—Competitiveness and Policy
Authors: Hyytiä Annika 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Green marketing in forest products (e.g., by certified forest products) can be done by forest certification while sustainable development may be seen as an opportunity in new markets. Innovations to meet customer needs in key markets have an effect on company competitiveness. The bioeconomy policy accounts very much for the sustainable use of biomass resources.
Sustainable development can include certification and trade. Green approaches to accentuate sustainable development and stakeholder collaboration is key to an emerging bioeconomy. Customers as stakeholders are linked with sustainable development and green business entities during the policy making phase. Marketing and communication in the green business sector is essential for sustainable product development and offers new market opportunities.
Likewise, strategy and policy are important to be competitive in the business environment. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) philosophy is one strategy that can enhance competitiveness and trade in the bioeconomy market, and can also be a driver in marketing and sustainable development.
This article is qualitative research based and covers research articles and literature found in key academic databases such as Proquest, Academic Search Complete [EBSCO], Agris, CAB Abstracts, SCOPUS [Elsevier], Web of Science [ISI] and Google Scholar and other internet sites).
The bioeconomy means the use of renewable biological resources from land and sea, like crops, forests, fish, animals and micro-organisms to produce food, materials and energy (EU 2021). International and national policies of Green Economy definition can be found at the UN, Green Growth at the OECD and the Bioeconomy at the EU Web pages.
Global Data on Ear and Hearing Screening in an Intellectual Disability Population
Authors: Willems Melina , Acke Frederic , Lannon Beth , Leyssens Laura , Maes Leen , Marks Luc 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss are frequent comorbid conditions, although otological problems often go unnoticed until picked up by screening. In the hearing program of Special Olympics (SO), athletes with ID are screened for otological problems. By retrospective analysis of all SO meetings between 2007 and 2017, more than 100,000 screenings could be included. Cerumen impaction was found in 40.7%, middle ear problems in 29.5% of those who failed hearing screening, and hearing loss confirmation in 26.9%. Prevalences for different world regions and country income groups are provided. The results emphasize the high prevalence of hearing loss in this ID population. Awareness among health care workers and active screening are required to reduce health disparities among this disadvantaged population.
Broad temperature range ferrielectric liquid crystal as a highly sensitive quadratic electro-optical material
Authors: Pozhidaev E. P. , Minchenko M. V. , Kuznetsov A. V. , Tkachenko T. P. , Barbashov V. A. 
Published: February 2022

A chiral smectic liquid crystal in which a ferrielectric phase with a helix pitch p0 less than 125 nm exists over a temperature range of at least from −3°C to +36°C has been developed. Such a wide temperature range (including room temperatures) of the ferrielectric phase with a subwavelength helix pitch has been achieved for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, which creates opportunities for the practical use of ferrielectric liquid crystals. A quadratic electro-optical effect caused by deformations of the helix in an electric field is observed in the ferrielectric phase, and the Kerr coefficient, which reaches almost 200 nm/V2, is significantly higher than the same coefficient for the blue phase and for the smectic C* phase, which means a higher sensitivity of the developed ferrielectric liquid crystal to the electric field. The electro-optical response time does not exceed 300

μ

s at room temperatures for this ferrielectric liquid crystal.