bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Photodegradation Kinetics of Fluometuron by UV Absorption Spectrophotometry and Fluorescence
Authors: Sarr Diégane , Thiaré Diène Diegane , Diaw Pape Abdoulaye , Kital Khémesse , Saba Adama , Sall Cheikh , Coly Atanasse , Delattre François , Tine Alphonse 
Published: November 2022

In order to predict the fate of fluometuron in the aquatic environment and to assess the risk that it may pose, we studied its photolysis reaction in aqueous media. This reaction was monitored by UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV irradiation source consisting of a 254 nm mercury lamp was used. The study showed that fluometuron is unstable under the effect of light radiation when irradiated in water. The absorption band and the emission of this product were at 244 nm and 325 nm respectively. This study also shows that the photodegradation of fluometuron in water follows first order kinetics regardless of the method followed. However, a difference was noted in the half-life times (t1/2). Indeed, these times found in UV and fluorescence are respectively 18.2 min and 6.6 min. The relatively lower value obtained in fluorescence could be explained by the fact that the latter is more sensitive to UV and fluorescence. In all cases, the half-lives found were relatively short (t1/2<1h). For more information on the photolysis of this herbicide, these two methods were combined with NMR and GC-MS to identify the different photoproducts that may be formed.
Effect of Irrigation Levels, Nipping and Foliar Spray of Nutrients with Growth Regulators on Yield, Yield Parameter and Economics of Transplanted Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (l.) Millsp.)
Authors: Manjunatha N. , Halepyati A. S. , Naik P. Vasudev , Chittapur B. M. , Rao K. Narayana 
Published: November 2022

Background: Agronomic practices like supplemental irrigation, nipping, foliar nutrition of macro and micro nutrients and growth regulators are important for realizing the maximum yield potential in transplanted Pigeonpea. Hence the present study was carried out in combination with agronomic production management practices via supplemental irrigation, nipping, and foliar nutrition of macro and micronutrients, growth regulators on transplanted pigeonpea.
Methods: The experiment was carried out using a split plot design with sixteen treatment combinations with three replications during Kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment included two degrees of irrigation as the primary factor, eight management techniques, fertilizer nipping and foliar spray, as well as a growth regulator as sub factor.
Results: The findings showed that among the different irrigation levels, irrigation each at pre-flowering and pod filling stage recorded significantly higher seed yield and yield parameter viz., number of pods and seed yield per plant at harvest. Among the management practices, nipping +1% pulse magic +1 % 19:19:19 NPK Spray at flowering and 15 days after first flowering recorded significantly higher yield and yield parameter and also higher returns.
Gene Therapies for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Pathbreaking Moment in Therapeutics
Authors: Salwa . , Pasha Safia Fathima Anver , Wafeeqa Fatima Wafeeqa x , Srinivasamurthy Suresh Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Background: Gene therapy has proved to be a boon for neuromuscular diseases. A concept introduced in the early 1960’s, has been put into clinical practice in the past 5-10 years. The process by which a healthy gene replaces a defective gene in a human body through vectors is truly pathbreaking. Patients with inherited degenerative neuromuscular disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular dystrophies undergo progressive deterioration and eventually death. Gene therapy and other adjunctive clinical approaches have provided such patients with a second chance to truly live their life. This review is centered on the different gene therapies currently developed for spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy and also sheds light on the emerging therapies.
Methods: Literature search was done in Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. The relevant and important articles were included for developing the narrative review.
Results and Discussion: The nusinersen, risdiplam, zolgensma, eteplirsen, golodirsen, viltolarsen, casimersen and ataluren are developed as gene therapies for Spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The therapies approved under orphan drug designation have shown muscle strength improvement in clinical trials. However, long-term data on safety and efficacy is to be determined. The cost of the therapies acts as an impediment in most cases.
Conclusion: The development of gene therapies for inherited genetic disorders would be a prelude for several other genetic diseases. The studies in this arena would provide a prototype for translational research from bench to bedside. Further efforts are mandated towards long term safety, efficacy, and affordability of therapies.
Diabetic Foot Ulcers Healing Promoted by Novel Glibenclamide-loaded Micelle Wound Dressing
Authors: Al-Ghezi Maryam , Almilly Raghad F. , Ali Wedad K. 
Published: November 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are chronic wounds, which do not respond to traditional wound treatments. In this work, wound dressings of glibenclamide (GB) incorporated into a novel mixed matrix were fabricated in the aim of accelerating the healing process of diabetic wounds. GB was loaded into different weight ratios of Soluplus® (SP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The developed dressings were characterized İn vitro and in vivo, for their ability to promote diabetic wound healing. The particle size was
between (1.4-2) µm. The morphology abided by the SP/PVP ratio in the formulated microparticles. Cup/bowl shape, semispherical with corrugated surface, apple shape with smooth surface, concave/star shape, and Irregular corrugated morphology were denoted for GB-SP/PVP1-0, GB-SP/PVP1-1, GB-SP/PVP0-1, GB-SP/PVP1-2, and GB-SP/PVP2-1 formulations, respectively. Glibenclamide was in amorphous form and hydrogen-bonded with the matrix polymers. The GB-SP/PVP0-1 wound dressings showed a burst drug release in about 1 hour due to the hydrophilic nature of PVP. The other GB-SP/PVP formulated polymeric micelles were of sustained release, where GB-SP/PVP2-1 extended the drug release for 48 hours. The MTT assay showed that all GB-SP/PVP dressings have good cytocompatibility, and in consequence, they can be used in further investigations on biomedical applications. In vivo tests on a rat model of a full-thickness wound showed rapid closure, indicating the success of the wound dressings in decreasing inflammation and promoting wound healing without scar formation. Therefore, topical administration of GB-SP/PVP1-0 and GB-SP/PVP2-1 wound dressings has a high potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds in inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing with high bioavailability and fewer systemic adverse effects.
Seismic response and nonlinear characteristics of pile‐soil springs in structures supported by pile group in granular soil on sloping bedrock
Authors: Nakano Takaharu , Miyamoto Yuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn places prone to earthquakes, piles need to be designed to resist seismic damage. However, the characteristics of the soil significantly impact the seismic resistance of piles. Accordingly, in this study, shaking table tests and three‐dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the seismic response and nonlinear characteristics of pile‐soil springs of a structure supported by a pile group in granular soil on a sloping bedrock. The analytical experiments and simulation were conducted on a group of nine piles arranged in the shape of a square. The results showed that the constraint condition at the pile tip influenced the bending moment response of piles during large input motion, such as that observed during earthquakes. Furthermore, the pile location, direction of pile displacement, and depth was found to affect the influence of the sloping bedrock on the pile soil springs.
Cerebellar impulsivity–compulsivity assessment scale
Authors: Lin Chi‐Ying R. , Amokrane Nadia , Chen Serena , Chen Tiffany X. , Lai Ruo‐Yah , Trinh Paula , Minyetty Michael J. , Emmerich Haidyn , Pan Ming‐Kai , Claassen Daniel O. , Kuo Sheng‐Han 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cerebellum has been identified as the key brain region that modulates reward processing in animal models. Consistently, we recently found that people with cerebellar ataxia have impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs), the main symptoms related to abnormal reward processing. Due to the lack of a validated scale to quantitatively measure ICBs in cerebellar disorders, we aim to develop and validate a new scale, Cerebellar Impulsivity–Compulsivity Assessment (CIA).MethodsWe recruited 62 cerebellar ataxia cases, categorized into those with ICBs and those without. We developed a preliminary version of CIA, containing 17 questions. We studied the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and inter‐rater reliability to formulate the final version of CIA, which constitutes only 10 questions. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CIA.ResultsCerebellar ataxia cases with ICBs have threefold higher total preliminary CIA scores than those without ICBs (12.06 ± 5.96 vs. 4.68 ± 3.50, p = 0.038). Cronbach's alpha revealed good internal consistency across all items (α > 0.70). By performing the test–retest reliability and inter‐rater reliability on the preliminary version of CIA, we excluded seven questions (r < 0.70) and generated the final version of CIA. Based on the ROC, a score of 8.0 in CIA was chosen as the cut‐off for ICBs in individuals with cerebellar ataxia with 81% sensitivity and 81% specificity.InterpretationCIA is a novel tool to assess ICBs in cerebellar ataxia and broaden our understanding of the cerebellum‐related cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
Rational Design of All‐Inorganic Assemblies with Bright Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Lv Jiawei , Yang Xuekang , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaterials with exceptional circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are important in multi‐field applications such as 3D display, anti‐counterfeiting, sensing, spin electronics, etc. Although CPL properties have been widely investigated ranging from the traditional chiral organic molecules to the emerging chiral inorganic nanomaterials and their assemblies, a trade‐off between the luminescence efficiency (quantum yield, ϕ) and the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) is always the bottleneck for all the chiral luminescent materials, which hinders their practical application. Herein, a new route to overcome the paradox through rationally assembling quantum nanorods and ultrathin inorganic nanowires into ordered multilayer structures is reported, achieving both high ϕ and glum. In these assembled structures, the aligned quantum nanorods emit linearly polarized light that is then transformed to CPL by the aligned ultrathin nanowire assemblies with precisely controlled phase retardation. This method is universal and readily extended to versatile 1D nanomaterials, paving the way for the practical applications of CPL active materials.
Chiral Bis‐Oxalamide‐Rare Earth Complex Catalyzed Inverse‐ Electron‐Demand Asymmetric oxa‐Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reaction for Optically Active Dihydropyran Core Structures
Authors: Yang Hao‐Di , Chen Jun‐Bo , Peng Cheng , Liu Wen‐Kai , Zhou Sheng‐Suo , Song Jia‐Xin , Qi Zheng‐Hang , Wang Yong , Wang Xing‐Wang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChiral bis‐oxalamide (CBOA)/rare‐earth metal complexes‐catalyzed asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand oxa‐hetero‐Diels‐Alder (HDA) reactions were investigated under mild reaction conditions, which was performed between β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters and various electron‐riched dienophiles, such as cyclopentadiene, 2,3‐dihydrofuran, 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran, tetrahydropyridine as well as phenyl(vinyl)sulfane. Several series of optically active functionalized 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran or ring fused dihydropyran derivatives were obtained in high yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. The procedure was able to tolerate a relatively wide range of substrates. The coordination mode of chiral bis‐oxalamide with Sc(III) was demonstrated by the X‐ray crystallographic structure, and DFT calculations were carried out to uncover the regio‐ and stereocontrol.magnified image
No phylogenomic support for a Cenozoic origin of the “living fossil” Isoetes
Authors: Wikström Niklas , Larsén Eva , Khodabandeh Anbar , Rydin Catarina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseThe isoetalean lineage has a rich fossil record that extends to the Devonian, but the age of the living clade is unclear. Recent results indicate that it is young, from the Cenozoic, whereas earlier work based on less data from a denser taxon sampling yielded Mesozoic median ages.MethodsWe analyzed node ages in Isoetes using two genomic data sets (plastome and nuclear ribosomal cistron), three clock models implemented in MrBayes (ILN, WN, and TK02 models), and a conservative approach to calibration.ResultsWhile topological results were consistently resolved in Isoetes estimated crown group ages range from the latest Paleozoic (mid‐Permian) to the Mesozoic depending on data type and clock model. The oldest estimates were retrieved using the autocorrelated TK02 clock model. An (early) Cenozoic age was only obtained under one specific condition (plastome data analyzed with the uncorrelated ILN clock model). That same plastome data set also yielded the oldest (mid‐Permian) age estimate when analyzed with the autocorrelated TK02 clock model. Adding the highly divergent, recently established sister species Isoetes wormaldii to the data set approximately doubled the average median node depth to the Isoetes crown group.ConclusionsThere is no consistent support for a Cenozoic origin of the living clade Isoetes. We obtained seemingly well‐founded, yet strongly deviating results depending on data type and clock model. The single most important future improvement is probably to add calibration points, which requires an improved understanding of the isoetalean fossil record or alternative bases for calibration.
Endocrinological manifestations in RASopathies
Authors: Tamburrino Federica , Scarano Emanuela , Schiavariello Concetta , Perri Annamaria , Pession Andrea , Mazzanti Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of endocrine involvement in RASopathies is important for the care and follow‐up of patients affected by these conditions. Short stature is a cardinal feature of RASopathies and correlates with multiple factors. Growth hormone treatment is a therapeutic possibility to improve height and quality of life. Assessment of growth rate and growth laboratory parameters is routine, but age at start of therapy, dose and effects of growth hormone on final height need to be clarified. Puberty disorders and gonadal dysfunction, in particular in males, are other endocrinological areas to evaluate for their effects on growth and development. Thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune disease and bone involvement have also been reported in RASopathies. In this brief review, we describe the current knowledge on growth, growth hormone therapy, endocrinological involvement in patients affected by RASopathies.
Heterogenization of Salen Metal Molecular Catalysts in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Wei , Deng Qi‐Wen , He Hui‐Jie , Yang Li , Liu Tian‐Yi , Wang Xiao , Zheng Dao‐Yuan , Dai Zhang‐Ben , Sun Lei , Liu Chengcheng , Wu Hao , Li Zhen , Deng Wei‐Qiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrating a molecular catalyst with a light harvester into a photocatalyst is an effective strategy for solar light conversion. However, it is challenging to establish a crystallized framework with well‐organized connections that favour charge separation and transfer. Herein, we report the heterogenization of a Salen metal complex molecular catalyst into a rigid covalent organic framework (COF) through covalent linkage with the light‐harvesting unit of pyrene for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The chemically conjugated bonds between the two units contribute to fast photogenerated electron transfer and thereby promote the proton reduction reaction. The Salen cobalt‐based COF showed the best hydrogen evolution activity (1378 μmol g−1 h−1), which is superior to the previously reported nonnoble metal based COF photocatalysts. This work provides a strategy to construct atom‐efficient photocatalysts by the heterogenization of molecular catalysts into covalent organic frameworks.
Di‐2,7‐pyrenidecaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) and Its Bis‐Organopalladium Complexes: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Liang Kejiang , Chen Hao , Wang Xue , Lu Tian , Duan Zhiming , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lei Chuanhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA non‐aromatic expanded carbaporphyrinoid, incorporating two built‐in 2,7‐pyrenylene moieties was synthesized. The intrinsically labile structure was demonstrated by proton‐triggered conformational changes between the figure‐of‐eight and quasi‐Möbius conformers. Upon treatment with Pd(OAc)2, the reaction produces two bis‐PdII complexes with distinct coordination modes. Metal coordination serves to fix the macrocyclic frameworks with the net result that both bis‐PdII complexes could be resolved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a chiral stationary phase. The isolated enantiomers showed persistent chiroptical properties as evidenced by the intense response in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and the record high absorption dissymmetry factors (gabs of up to 0.038) seen in the near‐infrared spectral region. Moreover, the mutual interconversion of these two PdII complexes was found to be stereospecific and to favor the more stable isomers under weakly acidic conditions.
Decorating Single‐Atomic Mn Sites with FeMn Clusters to Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Heng , Jiang Luozhen , Khan Javid , Wang Xinxin , Xiao Jiamin , Zhang Handong , Xie Haijiao , Li Lina , Wang Shuangyin , Han Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe regulation of electron distribution of single‐atomic metal sites by atomic clusters is an effective strategy to boost their intrinsic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein we report the construction of single‐atomic Mn sites decorated with atomic clusters by an innovative combination of post‐adsorption and secondary pyrolysis. The X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the formation of Mn sites via Mn‐N4coordination bonding to FeMn atomic clusters (FeMnac/Mn‐N4C), which has been demonstrated theoretically to be conducive to the adsorption of molecular O2and the break of O−O bond during the ORR process. Benefiting from the structural features above, the FeMnac/Mn‐N4C catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity with half‐wave potential of 0.79 V in 0.5 M H2SO4and 0.90 V in 0.1 M KOH as well as preeminent Zn‐air battery performance. Such synthetic strategy may open up a route to construct highly active catalysts with tunable atomic structures for diverse applications.
A reference methodology for microplastic particle size distribution analysis: Sampling, filtration, and detection by optical microscopy and image processing
Authors: Richter Susanne , Horstmann Julia , Altmann Korinna , Braun Ulrike , Hagendorf Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) contamination in natural water circulation is a concern for environmental issues and human health. Various types of polymer materials have been identified and were detected in MP analytic test procedures. Beyond MP polymer type, particle size and form play a major role in water analysis due to possible negative toxicologic effects on flora and fauna. However, the correct quantitative measurement of MP size distribution over several orders of magnitude is strongly influenced by sample preparation, filtration materials and processes, and microanalytical techniques, as well as data acquisition and analysis. In this paper, a reference methodology is presented aiming at an improved quantitative analysis of MP particles. An MP analysis workflow is demonstrated including all steps from reference materials to sample preparation, filtration handling, and MP particle size distribution analysis. Background‐corrected particle size distributions (1–1000 µm) have been determined for defined polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reference samples. Microscopically measured particle numbers and errors have been cross‐checked with the total initial mass. In particular, defined reference MP samples (PE, PET) are initially characterized and applied to filtration experiments. Optical microscopy imaging on full‐area Si filters with subsequent image analysis algorithms is used for statistical particle size distribution analysis. To quantify the effects of handling and filtration, several blind tests with distilled water are carried out to determine the particle background for data evaluation. Particle size distributions of PE and PET reference samples are qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced with respect to symmetry, and maximum and cut‐off diameter of the distribution. It is shown that especially MP particles with a radius of >50 µm can be detected and retrieved with high reliability. For particle sizes <50 µm, a significant interference with background contamination is observed. Data from blank samples allows a correction of background contaminations. Furthermore, for enhanced sampling statistics, the recovery of the initial amount of MP will be qualitatively shown. The results are intended as an initial benchmark for MP analytics quality. This quality is based on statistical MP particle distributions and covers the complete analytic workflow starting from sample preparation to filtration and detection. Microscopic particle analysis provides an important supplement for the evaluation of established spectroscopic methods such as Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy.