bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol nanoparticles of millet, rice and wheat: extraction, identification, functional and morphological characteristics
Authors: Xiu Tiantian , Liu Peng , Zhang Shuangling , Du Dehong , Xue Changhui , Hu Yue , Yang Shuo , Dongye Zixuan , Kang Mengchen , Li Zhenru , Wang Li 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPolyphenols complexes were extracted from Common millet (CM), Long‐grain rice (LGR) and Huaihe wheat (HW), purification method, components and functional characteristics were studied. Higher phenol content (18.7 in CM, 12.9 in LGR and 22.3 mg g−1 in HW) was obtained by the high‐speed shear, with high antioxidants (DPPH 89.2% in HW, ABTS 81.6% in LGR, FRAP 0.83 in HW) after purified. Thirteen typical polyphenol complexes were identified from 21 peaks by UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap‐MS/MS. Gingerenone A was first detected in CM, HW and LGR; (+/−)‐Gingerol was first detected in CM and HW. Morphology by TEM displayed a rough spherical structure with 200–500 nm. Peculiarly contained hydroxyl polyphenol (5‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid, Apigenin‐8‐C‐xylosyl‐6‐C‐glucoside), polyphenols with B‐rings (Trans‐cinnamic acid, Gingerenone A) and the highest contents (+/−)‐Gingerol with hydroxyl and Sinapinic acid with B‐rings, CM had a higher α‐amylase inhibition rate (80.5%) than LGR and HW, which providing a foundation for the development of hypoglycaemic drugs.
Neuroprotective activity of macroalgal fucofuroeckols against amyloid β peptide‐induced cell death and oxidative stress
Authors: Shrestha Srijan , Choi Jae Sue , Zhang Wei , Smid Scott D. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryPhlorotannins are polyphenolic compounds predominantly found in brown seaweeds tentatively identified as having neuroprotective bioactivity; however, the effects of individual constituent phlorotannins against amyloid β neurotoxicity, the main hallmark neurotoxic protein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is yet to be fully characterised. In this study, four phlorotannins, namely eckol, dieckol, phlorofucofuroeckol‐A (PFFA) and 974‐A sourced from the brown seaweed Ecklonia species were assessed for their ability to protect against the toxic effects of H2O2, lipid peroxidation via tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP) and Aβ1–42 in neuronal PC12 cells. All compounds significantly scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, only PFFA and 974‐A protected PC12 cells from oxidative stress‐evoked neurotoxicity, providing significant increases in cell viability in response to both cytosolic (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation‐evoked (t‐BHP) cell stress. None of the phlorotannins tested inhibited Aβ1–42 aggregate morphology, which suggested that their neuroprotective activity was unrelated to direct interactions with Aβ1–42 protein. Our results indicate that while all phlorotannins tested exhibited ROS scavenging activity, only fucofuroeckol‐type phlorotannins such as PFFA and 974‐A afforded broader neuroprotective activity in response to both oxidative stress and amyloid β exposure. The additional amyloid‐protective capacity of fucofuroeckols reveals the potential importance of the benzofuran moiety in neuroprotection and further studies are encouraged to investigate the chemico‐biological basis of this distinction in the search for neuroprotective therapies in dementia and other neurodegenerative conditions.
Expression of Concern: Benign prostatic hyperplasia wound after surgical removal in subjects on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Xuhui , Zhao Yali , Zhang Luxia , Liu Yunbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the safety of benign prostatic hyperplasia wound after surgical removal in subjects on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. A systematic literature search up to December 2021 was done and 19 studies included 5715 benign prostatic hyperplasia subjects at the start of the study; 1501 of them were on anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy, and 4214 were control. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the safety of benign prostatic hyperplasia wound after surgical removal in subjects on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy by the dichotomous or continuous methods with a random or fixed‐influence model. Anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy had significantly higher bleeding complication (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.36–2.60, P < .001), higher blood transfusion (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.63–2.83, P < .001), lower operation time (MD, −3.53; 95% CI, −6.80–0.27, P = .03), higher catheterization time (MD, 0.30 95% CI, 0.06–0.53, P = .01), longer length of hospital stay (MD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.37–1.26, P < .001) and higher thromboembolic events (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.26–6.62, P = .01) compared to control in benign prostatic hyperplasia subjects. Anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy had a significantly higher bleeding complication, higher blood transfusion, lower operation time, higher catheterization time, longer length of hospital stay and higher thromboembolic events compared to control in benign prostatic hyperplasia subjects. Further studies are required.
Attraction of Choristoneura rosaceana to pheromone blends in ratios produced in glands or emitted by females
Authors: Huang Juan , Gut Larry J. , Grieshop Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrap captures of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to pheromone blends in ratios approximating those reported in pheromone glands and a novel blend based on a volatile headspace collection from live virgin females were evaluated in field experiments in Michigan apple orchards. In an initial field trapping study, pheromone lures composed of either a three‐ or four‐component blend approximation of the blend present in female pheromone glands at doses ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/lure were compared. The four‐component blend was a combination of (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14:Ac), (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐14:Ac), (Z)‐11‐tetradecenol (Z11‐14:OH) and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenal (Z11‐14:Al) in a ratio of 96.5:1.8:1.4:0.2, respectively, while the three‐component blend lacked Z11‐14:Al. Pheromone emissions by groups of virgin females and commercial lures were collected in the laboratory and analysed by gas chromatography. These data were used to formulate a new pheromone lure that was compared to a commercial lure in a second trapping study. In the first field study, traps baited with 10 mg pheromones or above captured significantly more moths than traps baited with 1 mg or less, regardless of the blend. Surprisingly, groups of virgin females only emitted two detectable pheromone components, Z11‐14:Ac and Z11‐14:OH in a ratio of 37:63, which was substantially different from the blends detected in pheromone glands in the literature. The newly formulated pheromone lure based on females’ emission was more than twice as attractive as the commercial lure which emitted a 74:5:21 three‐component blend of Z11‐14:Ac, E11‐14:Ac and Z11‐14:OH. Our results suggested that the actual pheromones released by females may not translate directly to the content of pheromone glands.
Bank–client cross‐ownership of bank stocks: A network analysis
Authors: Barth James R. , Joo Sunghoon , Lee Kang‐Bok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the effects of banks' client stock ownership structure on their governance mechanism, risk taking, and systemic risk in the financial system. We apply a dyadic level of analysis to provide new insights into the relevance of such cross‐ownership as an effective monitoring mechanism and as a source of interconnectedness between and among financial institutions. Our empirical results indicate that bank–client cross‐ownership of bank stocks is negatively associated with the riskiness of bank holding companies and positively associated with systemic risk. Moreover, the effects of such cross‐ownership on systemic risk are stronger in times of a financial crisis.
Comoment risk in corporate bond yields and returns
Authors: François Pascal , Heck Stephanie , Hübner Georges , Lejeune Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we provide a comoment factor analysis of corporate bond returns using sector indices. We split returns into systematic default risk premiums rewarding for default risk exposure, and net excess returns adjusting for market conditions. Higher comoments contribute positively to systematic default risk premiums, whereas covariance and cokurtosis lower net excess returns as they trigger value losses. The positive coskewness effect, more pronounced during low yields, corroborates the “reach‐for‐yield” phenomenon. The gradual substitution between covariation and tail risk contributions to the systematic default risk premium for higher maturities suggests a shift from the pricing of downgrading to outright default risk.
Guardianship: A medicolegal review for clinicians
Authors: Zietlow Kahli , Dubin Leslie , Battles Alethia , Vitale Caroline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGuardianship may pose an ethical dilemma for physicians, who must balance protecting vulnerable patients from potential safety concerns with respecting their autonomy. Older adults with dementia are particularly susceptible to loss of independence and the ability to participate in medical decision making. To have the capacity for medical decision making, individuals must understand relevant information, appreciate their circumstances, demonstrate reasoning, and express a consistent choice free from coercion. Although capacity assessments are usually task‐specific, geriatricians and other specialists may be asked to comment on capacity more globally. These determinations may be used to support a Petition for the Appointment of a Guardian of a Legally Incapacitated Adult, the legal process of pursuing guardianship in probate court. Assigned guardians may be known to the incapacitated individual (e.g., a family member or friend) or may be professional guardians with no prior relationship to the ward. Guardians are encouraged to use substituted decision‐making, taking into account the ward's previously expressed values and preferences. Although a number of viable alternatives to guardianship exist, numerous systemic barriers may prevent these from being fully explored. The ongoing need for guardianship should be periodically revisited and reassessed. Data about guardians and wards is shockingly sparse, as there are no centralized databases. Laws and regulations for guardianships vary significantly between states. Physicians can serve as important allies and advocates for patients with cognitive impairment at risk of incapacity, can help preserve their autonomy for as long as possible, and ensure appropriate protections are in place if the patient does lose their decision‐making ability.
Efficient and genotype independent maize transformation using pollen transfected by DNA‐coated magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zuo‐Ping , Zhang Zhong‐Bao , Zheng Deng‐Yu , Zhang Tong‐Tong , Li Xiang‐Long , Zhang Chun , Yu Rong , Wei Jian‐Hua , Wu Zhong‐Yi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTCurrent gene delivery methods for maize are limited to specific genotypes and depend on time‐consuming and labor‐intensive tissue culture techniques. Here, we report a new method to transfect maize that is culture‐free and genotype independent. To enhance efficiency of DNA entry and maintain high pollen viability of 32%‐55%, transfection was performed at cool temperature using pollen pretreated to open the germination aperture (40%–55%). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with DNA encoding either red fluorescent protein (RFP), β‐glucuronidase gene (GUS), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or bialaphos resistance (bar) was delivered into pollen grains, and female florets of maize inbred lines were pollinated. Red fluorescence was detected in 22% transfected pollen grains, and GUS stained 55% embryos at 18 d after pollination. Green fluorescence was detected in both silk filaments and immature kernels. The T1 generation of six inbred lines showed considerable EGFP or GUS transcripts (29%–74%) quantitated by polymerase chain reaction, and 5%–16% of the T1 seedlings showed immunologically active EGFP or GUS protein. Moreover, 1.41% of the bar transfected T1 plants were glufosinate resistant, and heritable bar gene was integrated into the maize genome effectively as verified by DNA hybridization. These results demonstrate that exogenous DNA could be delivered efficiently into elite maize inbred lines recalcitrant to tissue culture‐mediated transformation and expressed normally through our genotype‐independent pollen transfection system.
Prediction of new organ onset in recurrent immunoglobulin G4–related disease during 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Liu Zheng , Peng Yu , Li Jieqiong , Lu Hui , Peng Linyi , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhou Shuang , Huang Can , Wang Mu , Zhu Liang , Chen Hua , Wang Li , Fei Yunyun , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveFrequent relapse is a prominent challenge in managing immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4‐RD). According to the types of organs involved in relapse, relapse patterns were divided into recurrent organ involvement (ROI) and new organ involvement (NOI). We aimed to investigate the discrepancy in clinical relapse patterns and establish an effective prognostic nomogram for NOI.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 125 IgG4‐RD patients who experienced relapse during the follow‐up period. Patients were classified into two groups: those with NOI (including NOI and NOI + ROI) and without NOI (ROI). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk factors for NOI. The results were externally validated by a separate prospective cohort of 39 patients with relapse.ResultsThere were 81 (64.8%) and 44 (35.2%) patients without NOI and with NOI, respectively. Patients without NOI showed higher baseline disease activity. The most common ROIs were the lacrimal gland and submandibular gland, while the lung and urinary system were the most involved in NOI. Re‐elevation of serum IgG4 level to 74.31% of baseline was associated with NOI. Multiple relapses, organ involvement type at baseline, glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive drugs (IM) or IM alone during the maintenance period, and relapse IgG4/baseline IgG4 ratio were included in the nomogram. Both internal and external validations showed good agreement and discrimination.ConclusionsAbout one third of IgG4‐RD patients with relapse suffer from NOI. We developed a risk stratification model that can effectively predict the future risk of NOI. Glucocorticoid and IM combined therapy during maintenance is also recommended.
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis with persisting symptoms in Uganda
Authors: Namusobya Martha , Bongomin Felix , Mukisa John , Olwit William Kane , Batte Charles , Mukashyaka Claudine , Mande Emmanuel , Kwizera Richard , Denning David W. , Rhein Joshua , Prasad Shailendra , Sekaggya‐Wiltshire Christine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) among drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients on optimal therapy with persistent symptoms was investigated.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled participants with PTB with persistent pulmonary symptoms after 2 months of anti‐TB treatment at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, between July 2020 and June 2021. CPA was defined as a positive Aspergillus‐specific IgG/IgM immunochromatographic test (ICT), a cavity with or without a fungal ball on chest X‐ray (CXR), and compatible symptoms >3 months.ResultsWe enrolled 162 participants (median age 30 years; IQR: 25–40), 97 (59.9%) were male, 48 (29.6%) were HIV‐infected and 15 (9.3%) had prior PTB. Thirty‐eight (23.4%) sputum samples grew A. niger and 13 (8.0%) A. fumigatus species complexes. Six (3.7%) participants had intracavitary fungal balls and 52 (32.1%) had cavities. Overall, 32 (19.8%) participants had CPA. CPA was associated with prior PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.61, 95% CI: 1.85–23.9, p = .004), and far advanced CXR changes (aOR: 4.26, 95% CI: 1.72–10.52, p = .002). The Aspergillus IgG/IgM ICT was positive in 10 (31.3%) participants with CPA.ConclusionsChronic pulmonary aspergillosis may cause persistent respiratory symptoms in up to one‐fifth of patients after intensive treatment for PTB. The Aspergillus IgG/IgM ICT positivity rate was very low and may not be used alone for the diagnosis of CPA in Uganda.
Target sequencing reveals the association between variants inVAX1and NSCL/P in Chinese population
Authors: You Yue , Shi Jiayu , Shi Bing , Jia ZhongLin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveA significant genetic association between rs7078160 inVAX1and NSCL/P has been established through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and we previously replicated the association in the Chinese population. The critical issue in the post‐GWAS era is to identify functional variations that have a real impact on disease in the susceptible regions highlighted by GWAS. This study aimed to elucidate functional variants in VAX1 fully.Materials and MethodsFirstly, target sequencing was performed on 159 NSCL/P patients, followed by association analysis to discover disease‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); we then replicated the findings using a larger sample (1626 cases, 2255 controls) and investigated how candidate SNPs affect disease occurrence using extensive annotation databases. Additionally, we compared the genetic profiles of NSCL/P subtypes.ResultsIn this study, 6 SNPs in VAX1 were identified to be associated with NSCL/P in the Western Han Chinese population. Five of them were predicted to influence transcriptional factor‐biding ability and were expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of nearby genes in multiple tissues.ConclusionThe previously reported association between rs7078160 and NSCL/P was successfully replicated. Moreover, our findings firstly revealed that 5 SNPs inVAX1are associated with NSCL/P in the Western Han Chinese population.Level of EvidenceOriginal Reports.
Seedling‐stage salinity tolerance in rice: Decoding the role of transcription factors
Authors: Tiwari Shalini , Nutan Kamlesh Kant , Deshmukh Rupesh , Sarsu Fatma , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis , Singh Anil K. , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. , Pareek Ashwani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRice is an important staple food crop that feeds over half of the human population, particularly in developing countries. Increasing salinity is a major challenge for continuing rice production. Though rice is affected by salinity at all the developmental stages, it is most sensitive at the early seedling stage. The yield thus depends on how many seedlings can withstand saline water at the stage of transplantation, especially in coastal farms. The rapid development of “omics” approaches has assisted researchers in identifying biological molecules that are responsive to salt stress. Several salinity‐responsive quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to salinity tolerance have been identified and validated, making it essential to narrow down the search for the key genes within QTLs. Owing to the impressive progress of molecular tools, it is now clear that the response of plants toward salinity is highly complex, involving multiple genes, with a specific role assigned to the repertoire of transcription factors (TF). Targeting the TFs for improving salinity tolerance can have an inbuilt advantage of influencing multiple downstream genes, which in turn can contribute toward tolerance to multiple stresses. This is the first comparative study for TF‐driven salinity tolerance in contrasting rice cultivars at the seedling stage that shows how tolerant genotypes behave differently than sensitive ones in terms of stress tolerance. Understanding the complexity of salt‐responsive TF networks at the seedling stage will be helpful to alleviate crop resilience and prevent crop damage at an early growth stage in rice.
Predictors of psychological stress in silica‐exposed workers in the artificial stone benchtop industry
Authors: Hore‐Lacy Fiona , Hansen Jessy , Dimitriadis Christina , Hoy Ryan , Fisher Jane , Glass Deborah , Sim Malcolm R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveArtificial stone benchtops are a popular kitchen product, but dust from their preparation and installation contains respirable crystalline silica, which causes silicosis. Silicosis is a preventable, permanent lung disease. The aim of this study was to assess mental health in workers from the artificial stone benchtop industry at risk of silicosis.MethodsWorkers from the artificial stone benchtop industry undergoing assessment for silica‐associated disease were included. Information on demographics; occupational, medical and smoking history; modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) questionnaire; spirometry; and chest x‐ray was collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the 547 participants, the majority were men, aged under 45 years, in the industry for less than 10 years. With each increase of dyspnoea score, PSS‐10 scores increased. Higher PSS‐10 scores were also observed in those no longer in the industry, with a history of anxiety or depression, attending assessment early in the programme and a medium exposure duration. Participants who used an interpreter reported lower stress. No difference was observed across job title, age, sex, smoking, spirometry or chest x‐ray categories after multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis study identified workers with dyspnoea as likely to report higher stress. Other factors, such as leaving the industry, early attendance and a history of anxiety or depression, are also helpful in identifying workers at risk of poorer mental health outcomes.
Extrapulmonary manifestations of a telomere syndrome in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are associated with decreased survival
Authors: Hoffman Thijs W. , van der Vis Joanne J. , Biesma Douwe H. , Grutters Jan C. , van Moorsel Coline H. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a heterogenous disease with a median survival of 3–4 years. Patients with mutations in telomere‐related genes exhibit extrapulmonary signs and symptoms. These patients represent a distinct phenotype of IPF with worse survival. As genetic analyses are not available for most patients with IPF, we sought to determine the predictive value of extrapulmonary signs and symptoms of a telomere syndrome in patients with IPF.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 409 patients with IPF. Clinical characteristics, laboratory results and family history suggestive of a telomere syndrome were related to leukocyte telomere length measured by quantitative PCR and patient outcomes.ResultsThe cohort included 293 patients with sporadic IPF and 116 patients with a background of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Any or a combination of a clinical history (haematological disease, liver disease, early greying of hair, nail dystrophy, skin abnormalities), a family history or haematological laboratory abnormalities (macrocytosis, anaemia, thrombopenia or leukopenia) suggestive of a telomere syndrome was present in 27% of IPF patients and associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length and shorter survival (p = 0.002 in a multivariate model). In sporadic IPF, having either a clinical history, family history or haematological laboratory abnormalities was not significantly associated with decreased survival (p = 0.07 in a multivariate model).ConclusionTaking a careful clinical and family history focused on extrapulmonary manifestations of a telomere syndrome can provide important prognostic information in patients with IPF, as this is associated with shorter survival.