bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Therapeutic Intervention on Malaria
Authors: Onugha Augusta Nkiruka , Ogwunga Chukwunonyerem Chika , Madubuike Mercy Ngozi , Josephat Okechukwu Charles 
Published: August 2022

Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by distinct species of a single-celled parasite called Plasmodium sp. However, an infected adult female Anopheles sp. mosquito that feeds on blood is responsible for the transmission of malaria. In the year 2020, approximately 241 million malaria cases and 627 thousand malaria deaths were recorded globally. In most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, malaria is one of the leading causes of death. Its transmission cuts across 86 countries with African continent recording approximately 95% deaths in 2020. Africa is mostly affected due to its weather conditions that support the easy spread of Plasmodium falciparum. Over time, relevant interventions have been made by researchers in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of malaria. Nevertheless, there are still challenges to its treatment and management globally. This review article is focused on the therapeutic intervention on malaria globally. Thus, published primary literatures reporting several relevant and new therapeutic interventions in malaria, as globally attained in the past years were collated and vital information critically reviewed. It is important to note that, the risk of contracting malaria is dependent on the region visited, length of stay, immunity, exposure and compliance with prophylaxis. Hence, to select treatment best suitable as a first-line therapy, combination antimalarial therapy, which consists of two or more antimalarial agents with different mechanisms of action was introduced and has been widely accepted and endorsed to prevent the development of drug resistance. Yet, immunization still remains the best measure for the eradication of malaria.
Assessing Combining Ability of Doubled Haploid Maize (Zea mays L.) Breeding Lines for Grain Yield and Yield Components under Heat Stress Condition
Authors: Patil S. Vinutha , Doggalli Gangadhara , Kuchanur P. H. , Zaidi P. H. , Patil Ayyanagouda , Arunkumar B. , Vinayana M. T. , Tembhurne B. V. , Suma T. C. , Seetharam K. 
Published: August 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.), a leading cereal worldwide and staple food of many countries, is a multipurpose crop used for human food, animal feed and industry purposes. Maize has wider genetic adaptability to grow under different agro-ecological environments. 29 and 48 DH lines derived from MPS 1 and MPS 2, respectively, were crossed with more than one testers belonging to opposite heterotic in L x T fashion. The resultant double haploid testcrosses, and their parents were evaluated along with checks during kharif (in South Asia: the autumn crop sown at the beginning of the summer rains) 2019 at three locations. Among female lines of MPS1, DH line ZL19337 was identified as good general combiner and registered significant negative GCA effect for days to 50 per cent anthesis and days to 50 per cent silking. While, DH lines ZL19641 and ZL19357 recorded significantly positive GCA for plant height and grain yield, respectively. Among female lines of MPS 2, DH line ZL19492 was identified as good general combiner and recorded significant negative GCA effects for days to 50 per cent anthesis, and days to 50 per cent silking. Similarly, DH lines, ZL19534 and ZL19572 were identified as good general combiners for grain yield and ear position, respectively. Among testers of MPS1, ZL1840 was identified as the good general combiner for days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silking and plant height and CAL14113 for ear height and grain yield. Similarly, VL1010996 was identified as the good general combiner for days to 50 per cent anthesis, days to 50 per cent silking, plant height, ear height, ear position and grain yield in MPS 2. Hybrid ZH2063 exhibited desired SCA effects for days to 50 per cent anthesis and days to 50 silking and ZH2010 was identified as a good specific combiner for days to 50 per cent anthesis and grain yield in MPS 1. Hybrid ZH20158 recorded desirable SCA effects for the trait days to 50 silking, While, ZH20251 and ZH20183 were identified as good specific combiners for plant height and grain yield in MPS 2.
Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Aradhya C. , Deepanshu . , Bahadur Vijay 
Published: August 2022

The experiment was carried out with title “Effect of organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) cv. Purple Top White Globe” at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P) During October 2021 to December 2021. The experiment was laid out in RBD with 9 treatments with 3 replications. The results revealed that Treatment T8 (75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% through vermicompost + PSB + Azotobactor) performed the best in terms of days to Plant Height (44.44 cm), No. of Leaves (22.26), Leaf length (30.08 cm), shoot weight (23.93 g), root length (8.19 cm), root diameter (6.62 cm), root yield per plant (117.25 g), root yield per hectare (234.51 q/ha), TSS °Brix (5.5), B:C Ratio (4.46:1). Therefore, the Treatment T8 (75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% through vermicompost + PSB + Azotobactor) is the best when compared to other treatments. As the highest benefit cost ratio was observed in treatment T8 (75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% through vermicompost + PSB + Azotobactor) i.e., (4.46:1) which states that it is economically profitable compared to all other treatments.
A Medical Look at the Elderly in the Hospices of the City of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Edouard Lokatunga Emaleke , Bienvenu Lebwaze Massamba , Marie-Claire Omanyondo Ohambe , Augustin Tshitadi Makangu , Raymond Assani Ramazani , Faustin Masikini Ewale 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly in the old people's home in the city of Kisangani, to assess the health status of these elderly people and to determine the predictors of their medical suffering.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus. The survey method was used through interviews to collect information useful for this study, which benefited from the participation of 56 elderly people living in the hospices of the city of Kisangani.
Results: It was shown that the hospices for the elderly in Kisangani are dominated by women (51.8%), widows and divorcees are in the majority (92.9%), and the primary level predominates (37.5%). Also 41.1% of the subjects suffered since their accommodation, of which acute rheumatism occupies the first position (47.8%) and 52.2% are taken care of by the churches, but 65.2% are not satisfied with the medical treatment, among them, 41.1% do not make medical controls; 85.7% do not walk well and 82.1% do not urinate well. Similarly their suffering in hospices was associated with five factors including lack of exercise, not urinating well, insecurity in the hospice, needing a man or woman for sex and not eating well.
Conclusion: Ageing is accompanied by a decrease in the functional capacities of the body. Also, several systems of regulation of physiological parameters are less efficient in the elderly. They need to be cared for so that their end of life is also better in all respects.
Environmental Impacts of Agbara Abattoir Waste on the Ecosystem of Ologe Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh T.  Y. , Olayeri A. A. , Falebita T. E. , Reis G. A. , Olufowobi B. I. , Saba A. O. , Akinbode B. P. , Olorunfemi O. T. , Nwabuisi P. N. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Agbara abattoir wastes dumped into the Ologe lagoon.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Ologe lagoon in Lagos, Nigeria from September 2019 - December 2019.
Methodology: Water samples from the lagoon were collected monthly from three sites in the lagoon for four months. 30m before the entry site, the entry site of the abattoir wastes, and 30m after the entry site. After collection, the samples were analyzed for 13 parameters following the guidelines of the American Public Health Association (APHA).
Results: The result showed that the conductivity ranged between 80.94 to 139.93 (µS/cm). The pH ranged between 7.84 to 9.23. The total dissolved solids ranged between 44.00 to 110.24(mg/l). The total suspended solids ranged between 20.12 to 70.82 (mg/l). The ammonia ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 (mg/l). The biological oxygen demand ranged from 50.72 to 107.41 (mg/l). The chemical oxygen demand ranged from 202.94 to 497.17 (mg/l). The chromium ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 (mg/l). The coliform level ranged from 33.62 to 82.50 (cfu/100ml). The Escherichia coli ranged from 1.20 to 3.30 (cfu/ml). The nitrate ranged from 2.74 to 4.55 (mg/l). The nitrite ranged from 0.22 to 0.69 (mg/l). The phosphate ranged from 6.89 to 11.33 (mg/l).
Conclusion: This research showed that the ologe lagoon is polluted and unfit for human consumption and aquatic life. Therefore measures should be put in place to ensure proper disposal of the abattoir wastes in other to increase the quality of the lagoon.
Study of the Nutritional Quality and Therapeutic Virtues of Cassava Leaves Infected by the Mosaic Virus and Healthy in Central African Republic
Authors: Nguerepende Odilon Sylvain , Zinga Innocent , Mebourou Emmanuel Kamba , Semballa Silla , Worouwonga Xavier , Namkona Armel , Nguerekossi Bruno , Ndjouenkeu Robert 
Published: August 2022

Research Problem: Cassava leaves play an important role in the diet of the Central African population. Several studies have investigate the composition in nutrients of cassava leaves but only few study focused on the impact of the cassava mosaic virus disease, the main threat of the cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa, on the nutritional value of infected cassava leaves. The objective of this work is to determine the content of nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds in cassava leaves infected by the mosaic virus and healthy leaves.
Material and Methods: The study was performed on two cassava varieties that are M66033 (susceptible to be infected by the mosaic virus) and Togo or TMS66 (resistant to the virus) planted in the locality of Bangui, the Capital of the Central African Republic. Cassava leaves were collected 3 months after planting, separated according to the mosaic severity symptoms (0 to 5) and kept at 4°C in a fridge. Biochemical analyses were performed on leaves for the determination of fiber, protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents as well as antioxidant contents.
Result: The results showed that, the dietary fiber content is 44% in healthy leaves, it decreases from 42% to 26% in cassava leaves infected with mosaic virus. Protein content was 4% in the infected cassava leaf samples and 3% in the healthy cassava leaves. Lipid content decreases from 7% to 2% in mosaic-infected cassava leaves, it is 5% in healthy leaves. The carbohydrate content is 59% in mosaic-infected leaves and 43% in healthy leaves. The polyphenol content is 30 mgeq GA/ g in cassava leaves with mosaic symptoms and 28 mgeq GA/ g in healthy leaves. Flavonoid content decreases from 6 10-2 mgeq Q/ g to 0.510-2 mgeq Q/ g in cassava leaves with the mosaic symptom. Tannin content decreases from 6 10-2 to 0 mgeq cat/ g in mosaic infected cassava leaves. Tannin content is 210-2 mgeq cat/ g in healthy leaves. The defense mechanism developed by cassava plants infected with mosaic virus has an effect on the synthesis of biochemical compounds, fibers, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, polyphenols, Flavonoids and tannins. These results suggest that cassava leaves infected by mosaic virus are an excellent food for consumer health.
Accuracy Evaluation of Enforcement Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in UKI General Hospital Period 2015
Authors: Lumbantobing Romauli , Lengkong Joyce Vera Marie , Pascadea Elysia Gita 
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health problem globally, both in developed and developing countries. Riskesdas 2013 states that the prevalence of TB based on the diagnosis is 0.4% of the population, with an average per 100,000 inhabitants. There were 400 people diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis by health workers. Following the criteria issued by the Ministry of Health and WHO, diagnosing TB is by sputum smear examination, not only chest X-ray examination.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at UKI General Hospital.
Method: The study was conducted with a retrospective approach to source medical records.
Population and Sample: The population is pulmonary tuberculosis patients hospitalized at UKI General Hospital from January to December 2015. Samples were taken from the total sampling with specific criteria.
Result: Analysis of the accuracy of the diagnosis based on diagnostic criteria according to the Ministry of Health and WHO. Of 61 patients studied, the number of samples of men (65.6%) was more than the number of samples of women (34.4%). Most of them are 44-52 years old (21.3%). The results showed that 21.3% of patients met the diagnostic criteria of the Ministry of Health and WHO.
Conclusion: Inaccuracy of diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis will affect the rate of transmission and treatment success.
Procalcitonin as a Marker of Sepsis Due to Bacterial Infection
Authors: Luhulima Danny Ernest Jonas , Ronny . , Amelia Ria 
Published: August 2022

Sepsis is one of the world's health problems that commonly cause mortality. The incidence of sepsis keeps on increasing each year. Many diagnostic parameters for sepsis caused by bacterial infection have been used but sometimes are not specific and misleading. Seeing the high number of sepsis cases needed a prompt and precise diagnostic.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin in sepsis patients caused by bacterial infection.
Method: A cross-sectional study on 54 adult patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (12 – 75 years old) in Mitra Keluarga Bekasi Timur Hospital used patients' medical records from October to December 2016. The diagnostic test was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Sample: In this study, there were 37 samples, 28 were sepsis patients, and 9 were non-sepsis samples.
Finding: The test result of sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin was 88,5% and 81,8%, cut off value ≥ 0,8, AUC 0,90 with p-value < 0,05.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that procalcitonin can be a prompt, ideal, and efficient diagnostic marker for sepsis caused by bacterial infection with high sensitivity and specificity tests.
Impact of BMW Segregation Training Program on Hospital Infection Control in a South Indian Hospital
Authors: Saxena Rajeev Kishore , Choure Archana , Bhatt Sanjay , Khan Umar Rashid , Qayoom Jalila , Wankhede Sachin 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) generated is a matter of great concern as it consists of high levels of hazardous waste. The lack of segregation and disposal policy in India leads to use of such infectious waste in day-to-day life [1]. Lack of awareness about segregation of Biomedical Waste (BMW) at source is a major cause for Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) and increased risk of contamination of hospital and external environment.
Materials & Methods: To address the problem, we decided to train interns and health care workers to increase their awareness about BMW segregation and thereby reduce HAI.
The program was run in 3 phases. In the 1st phase need assessment was done as to how important and effective this program would be in controlling HAI. The 2nd phase comprised of identifying the stake holders in the program who will play the key role in implementing the program effectively. The 3rd phase of Biomedical Segregation Program BMWSP focused on the outcomes as enumerated in the Kirkpatrick model [2], viz., participants’ reaction, learning, change in behavior and results. Measuring the impact of the program on the learners at these four levels revealed the effectiveness of the program.
Results: To overcome the shortfalls in the Kirkpatrick model we used Logic model which took care of the instructional design. Logic model is better suitable for evaluating BMWSP as it considers inter-relation between constituents in a sequence and their effect on the process as well as product providing the necessary roadmap from the planned work (inputs and activities) to the intended results (outputs, outcomes and impact). It is a sequence of events connecting each other starting with Resources / Inputs, Activities, Outputs, Outcomes and Impact. The model helped medical interns and dental students to understand the importance for BMWSP and also made a significant difference in its implementation.
Conclusion: The program helped in making the health care staff more aware about BMWSP. It also increased their knowledge, and helped in implementation of the program. This will significantly reduce HAI and overall benefit the society.
Distance Protection
Authors: Sanaye‐Pasand Majid , Ahmadi Seyed‐Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the increasing demand for electricity and expansion of power networks, transferring large capacities of electrical energy over long‐distance transmission lines became necessary. Since these lines pass through different geographical environments, they are exposed to a variety of hazards. Among them, electrical faults are the most common ones that can disturb network performance and cause system outages. If these faults are detected in the early stages and the faulty part is rapidly separated from the entire network, further damages to the network will be prevented. Distance protection is the main protection principle for transmission lines and interconnected sub‐transmission networks. In addition, it can be used as the backup protection for the adjacent lines, busbars, and transformers. Since this protection proves its reliable performance, it has been used for many years in the industry. As the hardware technology progressed from original electromechanical to static and now up to digital microprocessor‐based types, the implemented algorithms were also improved. In modern distance protection devices, in addition to fault detection, there are other functions for phase selection, fault location, power swing detection, communication schemes, and so on. In this chapter, an overview of this protection algorithm is presented, and its different aspects are investigated.
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Quantum Circuits
Authors: Muñoz‐Coreas Edgard , Thapliyal Himanshu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum circuits are needed to realize the performance gains offered by quantum algorithms. We introduce the design and resource cost assessment of quantum circuits. We illustrate the design process through the development of quantum circuits for arithmetic computations as well as quantum datapaths for the image rotation task. This article opens by introducing physical properties unique to quantum computation. We then turn to quantum gates, quantum circuits, and how we measure the resource costs of a given quantum circuit. Resource cost measures for both NISQ computation and fault‐tolerant quantum computation are shown. We then present quantum circuits for arithmetic operations. Architectures for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are shown. The operation and design of each quantum arithmetic circuit are outlined. Using the arithmetic circuits presented as examples, we show how to calculate quantum circuit resource costs for both NISQ and fault‐tolerant quantum computation. This article concludes by illustrating the design of quantum datapaths for the image rotation operation.
Hardware Architecture for Deep Neural Network Accelerator
Authors: Yuan Bo , Huang Lingyi , Zhang Boyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) have become the most important and popular machine learning technique in the emerging artificial intelligence era. Because of their inherent large‐scale sizes, DNN models are both computation intensive and storage intensive, thereby posing huge challenges for efficient deployment. To overcome this problem, a promising solution is to build customized hardware accelerators to improve the processing speed and energy efficiency when executing DNNs. However, the architecture design of specialized DNN accelerator is nontrivial, given the massive amount of data movements, the rapid development of the DNN algorithms and models, the high demand of reconfigurability and programmability, and the strict requirement of preserving accuracy.To date, many different types of design solutions, varying on device, circuit, architecture, and algorithm levels, have been proposed and implemented in recent years. This article focuses on the review of digital CMOS‐based DNN hardware architecture. By analyzing the design requirements and challenges of DNN accelerators within the classical von Neumann framework, we introduce the basic underlying hardware architecture and computation mapping strategy. Based on that, the advanced optimization techniques are also described. The open problems and challenges for the future DNN hardware architecture are also analyzed and elaborated.
Fast Introduction to Quantum Computers
Authors: Topaloglu Rasit O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There exists a theoretical set of problems that could be solved in polynomial time with a quantum computer. Hence, quantum computing carries the potential to solve such problems much faster than a traditional supercomputer can. In this article, we provide intuition about quantum computing to the readers and walk them through the basics including what qubits are, what types of qubits there are, how they can be operated on, what are important about qubit characteristics, what the quantum circuits and architectures look like, and what the future of quantum circuits looks like. We only briefly mention about our original work on how to improve a qubit. This article is a tutorial in nature and those with no quantum background should be able to follow it.
Portal dosimetry correction method for validation of single isocenter VMAT plans for multiple brain metastases
Authors: Lalonde Ronald J. , Huq M. Saiful 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPortal dosimetry is one option for verification of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning for multiple brain metastases. However, due to the changing response of the portal imager with photon beam energy, the dose transmitted through closed multileaf collimator (MLC) leaves or narrow MLC gaps may be underestimated by the imager.We present a simple method for correcting for these effects that may be implemented within the Eclipse treatment planning system. We recalculated the predicted portal dose with and without this correction for 20 multiple brain met VMAT plans. Before the correction, 3/20 composite plan fields passed our standard quality assurance (QA) criteria (54/80 individual fields); the average gamma passing rate for the composite plans was 76.9 ± 16.6%, and the average gamma value across the composite plans was 0.67 ± 0.23. After correction, 20/20 composite plan fields passed the QA criteria (80/80 individual fields); the average gamma passing rate for composite plans was 99.2 ± 1.4%, the average gamma value across the composite plans was 0.33 ± 0.90. A measure of plan complexity, the average leaf pair opening could be correlated to the gamma analysis results for the uncorrected plans but not for the corrected plans.