bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of cotadutide, a dual glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon receptor agonist, in a randomized phase 2a study of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Parker Victoria E. R. , Hoang Thuong , Schlichthaar Heike , Gibb Fraser W. , Wenzel Barbara , Posch Maximillian G. , Rose Ludger , Chang Yi‐Ting , Petrone Marcella , Hansen Lars , Ambery Philip , Jermutus Lutz , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of cotadutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.Materials and MethodsIn this phase 2a study (NCT03550378), patients with body mass index 25‐45 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate 30‐59 ml/min/1.73 m2 and type 2 diabetes [glycated haemoglobin 6.5‐10.5% (48‐91 mmol/mol)] controlled with insulin and/or oral therapy combination, were randomized 1:1 to once‐daily subcutaneous cotadutide (50‐300 μg) or placebo for 32 days. The primary endpoint was plasma glucose concentration assessed using a mixed‐meal tolerance test.ResultsParticipants receiving cotadutide (n = 21) had significant reductions in the mixed‐meal tolerance test area under the glucose concentration‐time curve (–26.71% vs. +3.68%, p < .001), more time in target glucose range on continuous glucose monitoring (+14.79% vs. –21.23%, p = .001) and significant reductions in absolute bodyweight (–3.41 kg vs. –0.13 kg, p < .001) versus placebo (n = 20). In patients with baseline micro‐ or macroalbuminuria (n = 18), urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratios decreased by 51% at day 32 with cotadutide versus placebo (p = .0504). No statistically significant difference was observed in mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate between treatments. Mild/moderate adverse events occurred in 71.4% of participants receiving cotadutide and 35.0% receiving placebo.ConclusionsWe established the efficacy of cotadutide in this patient population, with significantly improved postprandial glucose control and reduced bodyweight versus placebo. Reductions in urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratios suggest potential benefits of cotadutide on kidney function, supporting further evaluation in larger, longer‐term clinical trials.
Rapid‐acting insulin analogues: Theory and best clinical practice in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: De Block Christophe E. M. , Van Cauwenberghe Jolijn , Bochanen Niels , Dirinck Eveline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, insulin preparations have improved significantly. Starting from purified animal insulins, evolving to human insulins produced by genetically modified organisms, and ultimately to insulin analogues, all in an attempt to mimic physiological insulin action profiles seen in individuals without diabetes. Achieving strict glucose control without hypoglycaemia and preventing chronic complications of diabetes while preserving quality of life remains a challenging goal, but the advent of newer ultra‐rapid‐acting insulin analogues may enable intensive insulin therapy without being too disruptive to daily life. Ultra‐rapid‐acting insulin analogues can be administered shortly before meals and give better coverage of mealtime‐induced glucose excursions than conventional insulin preparations. They also increase convenience with timing of bolus dosing. In this review, we focus on the progress that has been made in rapid‐acting insulins. We summarize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, clinical trial data supporting the use of these new formulations as part of a basal‐bolus regimen and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and provide a clinical perspective to help guide healthcare professionals when and for whom to use ultra‐fast‐acting insulins.
Important questions for the malignant hematologist to consider when designing or evaluating a study with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs)
Authors: Balitsky Amaris K. , D'Souza Anita , Levine Mark N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are measures of symptom burden, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and therapy effectiveness have become increasingly important in clinical research. They are unique in that they are reported directly from the patient, without clinician interpretation, thereby avoiding clinician bias. With an increased focus on the patient at the center of health care, PROMs have been increasingly incorporated into clinical research, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines. Despite the recognition of the importance of including PROMs into clinical haematologic cancer research, barriers have prevented their integration into cancer research. This review highlights the value of including PROMs into clinical haematologic cancer research and addresses the methodological challenges in using and evaluating PROMs. We propose important questions for the malignant haematologist to consider when designing or evaluating a study that includes PROMs.
Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)
Authors: Cui Mingming , Wu Yunke , Javal Marion , Giguère Isabelle , Roux Géraldine , Andres Jose A. , Keena Melody , Shi Juan , Wang Baode , Braswell Evan , Pfister Scott E. , Hamelin Richard , Roe Amanda , Porth Ilga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
Intraindividual variability of CD30 expression in mycosis fungoides –implications for diagnostic evaluation and therapy
Authors: Mitteldorf Christina , Kampa Franziska , Ströbel Philipp , Schön Michael P. , Kempf Werner 
Published: April 2022

AimsTo evaluate the frequency, subcellular localization, and variability of CD30 expression in mycosis fungoides.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study investigated 135 biopsy specimens of 95 patients with mycosis fungoides for CD30 expression and CD30 staining pattern in relation to histomorphologic criteria, eosinophils, and tumour stage. We used two different CD30 cutoffs: (i) any CD30 positivity (important for in‐label treatment with an anti‐CD30 antibody‐based drug), and (ii) ≥10% (most commonly used cutoff in therapy studies). The histologic slides were digitally evaluated with a slide viewer. None of the patients were treated with an anti‐CD30 antibody‐based drug.ResultsWe found any CD30 expression in 90% of the samples (tumour cells and tumour microenvironment). More than 60% of the samples had CD30 expression ≥10%. CD30 staining was predominantly cytoplasmic and membranous, a Golgi pattern was only found in three samples. In patients with multiple biopsies (69 samples), a highly variable CD30 expression was found, especially in biopsies taken at different timepoints. CD30 and eosinophils were more common in advanced disease stage and cytoplasmic CD30 staining in intraepidermal lymphocytes was significantly associated with the presence of eosinophils.Conclusions90% of mycosis fungoides biopsies showed CD30 expression and are principally eligible for anti‐CD30‐antibody treatment. Because of the high intraindividual variability, investigation of multiple tissue samples for CD30 expression improves the assessment of this therapeutic target. Analysis of only a single skin biopsy might lead to misinterpretation of CD30 and bears the risk of inadequate and potentially unfavourable therapeutic decisions.
Cuticular protein genes involve heat acclimation of insect larvae under global warming
Authors: Guo Pan‐Long , Guo Zi‐Qian , Liu Xiang‐Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCuticular proteins (CPs) play important roles in insect growth and development. However, it is unknown whether CPs are related to heat tolerance. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious pest of rice, occurs in summer and exhibits strong adaptability to high temperature, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the role of CP genes in heat acclimation was studied. Heat tolerance of the heat‐acclimated larvae was significantly stronger than the unacclimated larvae. The cuticular protein content in the heat‐acclimated larvae was higher than that of the unacclimated larvae. 191 presumed CP genes of C. medinalis (CmCPs) were identified. Expression patterns of 14 CmCPs were different between the heat acclimated (S39) and unacclimated (S27) larvae under heat stress. CmCPs were specifically expressed in epidermis and the head except CmCPR20 mainly expressed in Malpighian tubules. CmCPR20 was upregulated in S39 while downregulated in S27, but CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 were upregulated in S27 and downregulated in S39. RNAi CmTweedle1 or CmCPG1 remarkably decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the heat‐acclimated larvae but not the unacclimated larvae. RNAi CmCPR20 decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the unacclimated larvae but not the heat‐acclimated larvae. CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 genes involve heat acclimation of C. medinalis.
Rethinking the Effective Sample Size
Authors: Elvira Víctor , Martino Luca , Robert Christian P. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe effective sample size (ESS) is widely used in sample‐based simulation methods for assessing the quality of a Monte Carlo approximation of a given distribution and of related integrals. In this paper, we revisit the approximation of the ESS in the specific context of importance sampling. The derivation of this approximation, that we will denote as
, is partially available in a 1992 foundational technical report of Augustine Kong. This approximation has been widely used in the last 25 years due to its simplicity as a practical rule of thumb in a wide variety of importance sampling methods. However, we show that the multiple assumptions and approximations in the derivation of
make it difficult to be considered even as a reasonable approximation of the ESS. We extend the discussion of the
in the multiple importance sampling setting, we display numerical examples and we discuss several avenues for developing alternative metrics. This paper does not cover the use of ESS for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.
Genome‐wide association studies for egg quality traits in White Leghorn layers using low‐pass sequencing and SNP chip data
Authors: Li Jinghui , Wang Zigui , Lubritz Danny , Arango Jesus , Fulton Janet , Settar Petek , Rowland Kaylee , Cheng Hao , Wolc Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow‐pass sequencing data have been proposed as an alternative to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of several species. However, it has not been used in layer chickens yet. This study aims at comparing the GWAS results of White Leghorn chickens using low‐pass sequencing data (1×) and 54 k SNP chip data. Ten commercially relevant egg quality traits including albumen height, shell strength, shell colour, egg weight and yolk weight collected from up to 1,420 White Leghorn chickens were analysed. The results showed that the genomic heritability estimates based on low‐pass sequencing data were higher than those based on SNP chip data. Although two GWAS analyses showed similar overall landscape for most traits, low‐pass sequencing captured some significant SNPs that were not on the SNP chip. In GWAS analysis using 54 k SNP chip data, after including more individuals (up to 5,700), additional significant SNPs not detected by low‐pass sequencing data were found. In conclusion, GWAS using low‐pass sequencing data showed similar results to those with SNP chip data and may require much larger sample sizes to show measurable advantages.
Therapists' confidence in their theory of change and outcomes
Authors: Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Bryant Alessandra , Whiting Riley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research has sought to understand what therapist characteristics contribute to positive outcomes for clients. It is widely accepted knowledge that the alliance between the therapist and client is a significant contributing factor to client outcomes. With that said, few studies have examined specific characteristics within the therapist themselves that may contribute to client success, regardless of the therapeutic model being used. Using data from a sample of therapist‐trainees at a large, midwestern institution, this study sought to explore therapist confidence in their theory of choice and its potential impact on client outcomes. Findings suggest that those clients who have therapists with greater confidence in their theory are less likely to terminate treatment prematurely or without agreement. These findings have the potential to inform the curriculum for training programs to focus more on developing confidence in the chosen theory.
Investigation of the relationship between inflammatory blood parameters and seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Tosun Mustafa , Yasak Güner Rukiye , Akyol Melih 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveSeborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. The systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), C‐reactive protein (CRP), monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have all been reported as inflammatory markers in recent studies. However, these inflammatory markers have not been explored in SD patients. This study aimed to explore inflammatory and hematological parameters in SD patients with healthy controls (HCs) and evaluate their possible relationship with disease severity.Materials and MethodsOne hundred patients who presented to our hospital were diagnosed with SD and 74 HCs were retrospectively included in our study. The seborrheic dermatitis area severity index (SDASI) score was used to assess the severity of the SD.ResultsThe patient group's mean PLR, MPV ve CRP levels were statistically significantly higher than the HCs (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the patients compared with the control group regarding RDW, NLR, MHR, and SII levels (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between NLR, PLR, MPV, monocyte/HDL cholesterol, SII levels with age, and SDASI in the patient group. There was a significant correlation between CRP with age and RDW with SDASI score.ConclusionHematological parameters and CRP are low‐cost tests. These tests can be used to define inflammation levels in inflammatory diseases. This study shows that PLR, CRP, and MPV may be used as novel inflammatory markers in SD.
Pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome presenting as an acute surgical abdomen: A rare entity and review of the literature
Authors: Karadeniz Ozan , Bahat Pinar Yalcın , Koyan Karadeniz Gizem Nur , Yaman İlteris , Palalıoglu Rabia Merve 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimPseudo‐pseudo Meigs' syndrome is a rare entity of systemic lupus erythematosus, which is defined with the combination of pleural effusion, elevated serum CA‐125 levels, and ascites. It has similar clinical aspects with gynecological malignancies which may lead gynecologists to perform unnecessary surgeries and lab workouts. This review seeks to point out the importance of diagnosing pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome (PPMS) and endeavors to inform gynecologists about the differential diagnoses.MethodsThis article includes a review of the literature on different cases of PPMS. We searched the PubMed database using the search terms in various combinations “Pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome,” “Tjalma syndrome,” and “SLE.”ResultsAccording to the current literature, a majority of internal medicine specialists recognized this clinical condition in the past few years and discussed PPMS as a new onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. PPMS is one of the disregarding entities where gynecologists do not consider it as a differential diagnosis in case of less awareness. When a gynecologist evaluates ascites manifesting as acute abdomen; ectopic pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, cyst rupture, and malignancy come to mind first. Four‐thirds of those patients evaluated by gynecologists were performed hysterectomy leading to unnecessary interventions and economic burden on the health system.ConclusionAlthough the mechanism is unrevealed and remains unclear, PPMS has been noticed in the literature for the past few years. In order to prevent unnecessary interventions, this syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
An Esthetic Evaluation of Different Abutment Materials in the Anterior Maxilla: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Using a Crossover Design
Authors: Vazouras, Konstantinos , Gholami, Hadi , Margvelashvili‐Malament, Mariam , Kim, Yong Jeong , Finkelman, Matthew , Weber, Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of implant abutment material and soft tissue thickness on the peri‐implant soft tissue color using spectrophotometry and to evaluate gingival esthetics and patient satisfaction with three different abutments.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five patients with a missing maxillary tooth in the esthetic area received an endosseous implant using a two‐stage protocol. Gray titanium, pink anodized titanium, and hybrid zirconia custom abutments were fabricated for each participant and inserted for one week with a cross‐over design in a randomized manner. Color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer comparing midfacial peri‐implant soft tissue and marginal gingiva of the contralateral tooth. CIE Lab color scale was used following the formula: ΔE = [(∆L)2 + (∆a)2 + (∆b)2]½. PES scores were recorded, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were completed at each abutment change visit and at 1‐year follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman's test and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test with Bonferroni correction as well as the Mann‐Whitney U test (α = 0.05).ResultsAbutment material type significantly affected the ΔΕ values of the peri‐implant mucosa when compared to the contralateral teeth. At baseline, the highest ΔΕ means ± standard deviation (SD) values were obtained with gray titanium (11.25 ± 2.98), followed by pink anodized titanium (9.90 ± 2.51), and zirconia abutments (6.46 ± 1.43). Differences were statistically significant irrespective of soft tissue thickness. The highest PES values were obtained with zirconia abutments (10.88 ± 0.88), followed by pink anodized titanium (10.12 ± 1.13) and the lowest with gray titanium (9.68 ± 1.41). PES differences were significant only for the thin soft tissue group. Regarding patient satisfaction, VAS scores for the pink anodized and zirconia hybrid abutment groups were higher than the gray titanium group for each question.ConclusionThe color difference between soft tissues around teeth and implants was significant in all groups regardless of tissue thickness. The hybrid zirconia abutments resulted in the least color difference, followed by pink anodized and gray titanium. Significantly different PES values were recorded only for the thin tissue group. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between zirconia and pink anodized abutments at the 1‐year follow up. Pink anodized abutments represent a good esthetic alternative to zirconia hybrid abutments especially in mechanically challenging situations.
“They have more than enough to do than patch up people like me.” Experiences of seeking support for self‐harm in lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sass Cara , Farley Kate , Brennan Cathy 
Published: April 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

In the initial months of the pandemic, there was no significant increase in demand for mental health services

During the pandemic, there was an increase in people reporting an increase in suicidal thoughts.

Understanding of the experience of seeking help for self‐harm during lockdown is lacking, in terms of availability and accessibility of support services

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

People who self‐harm found that their support structures were significantly impacted by lockdown

Lockdown presented relational difficulties for people who self‐harm

What are the implications for practice?

Learning about the experience of receiving support from mental health liaison services during lockdown from a first‐hand perspective is essential to improving the provision of these services in the future.

In times of national crisis, services should be prepared to support clients via alternative means including telephone and online.

Public facing messages about service availability should be carefully expressed to minimize misunderstandings.

AbstractIntroductionNational lockdown caused disruption to health services and third‐sector organizations offering support to people who self‐harm. Early reports suggested self‐harm‐related hospital attendances declined. Lack of knowledge related to the availability and accessibility of support provisions for people who self‐harm warrants exploration into how they experienced help‐seeking during lockdown.AimsThis study aimed to explore the experiences of people who self‐harm and perspectives on help‐seeking.MethodWe conducted a qualitative study based on telephone and email interviews with 14 people who self‐harm in England.ResultsParticipants identified challenges to coping with life in lockdown, emphasizing the role of self‐harm. Help‐seeking was impeded by feeling like a burden and potential for spreading the virus. People who self‐harm exercised self‐reliance in response to “stay home” messaging, but some may have struggled without formal support. Online support served an important role in continuity of care during lockdown but could widen inequalities from limited resources and access.Implications for practiceHelping mental health liaison nurses to understand the experiences of people who self‐harm during lockdown is critical to providing continuing support to this population. Services should consider how and when they communicate changes to their provisions to the public, and the impact this will have on those in need of support.