bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodiversity and Biodiversity
Authors: Tukiainen Helena , Toivanen Maija , Maliniemi Tuija 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-living and living nature are inherently connected. Geodiversity, which consists of the variation in geology, soils, topography, geomorphology and hydrology, is seen as the foundation and stage for biodiversity. Underlying theory suggests that the increasing variation in the abiotic foundation creates and maintains available niche space for different organisms to thrive, resulting in higher biodiversity. Emerging scientific observations support this premise, indicating a positive influence of geodiversity on biodiversity across different environments, regions and spatial scales. Inclusion of geodiversity into biodiversity research and conservation therefore has capacity to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and dynamics. Current challenges that need to be overcome in this relatively new field of science are related to defining and measuring geodiversity and gaining more empirical evidence on the link between geodiversity and biodiversity. Despite these challenges, connecting these two concepts and embracing the interdisciplinary cooperation have great potential in advancing our understanding of diversity of nature and integrating geodiversity in conservation assessments across scales.
Where geodiversity meets biodiversity and culture: a case study from the abandoned limestone quarries of Hády (Brno, Czech Republic)
Authors: Kubalíková Lucie , Balková Marie , Zapletalová Dana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geodiversity represents the basis of landscapes and it has close connections to biodiversity and culture. This complexity is visible in different types of areas and should be taken into account when planning and managing natural resources, considering legal protection and developing sustainable forms of tourism and environmental education activities. Abandoned quarries represent a good example of a specific ecosystem where the relationships between geodiversity, biodiversity and culture are very tight and clearly visible. The Hády quarries (Brno, Czech Republic) is such a case and has significant potential regarding the development of geotourist and geoeducational activities. To recognize and evaluate the mutual links between abiotic, biotic and cultural issues, the ecosystem services concept was applied here and, together with a mind map, it served as a basis for the design of a geotourist map. However, merging these two approaches can be used for other purposes. It may be considered a starting point for designing integrated promotion, conservation and management of natural and cultural heritage. These two tools also enable involving local stakeholders and communities and may be applied in other areas where geodiversity, biodiversity and culture are closely interconnected.
Geodiversity assessment for geomorphosites management: Derborence and Illgraben, Swiss Alps
Authors: Najwer Alicja , Reynard Emmanuel , Zwoliński Zbigniew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper reports on a geodiversity assessment method at the local scale based on spatial multi-criteria analysis (S-MCA). The study area consists of two geomorphosites: Derborence and Illgraben, located in the Swiss Alps and representative of different types of morphodynamics. Apart from glacial and fluvial landforms, the morphology of these two sites is largely due to extreme phenomena (rockslides, torrential processes). Both areas were incorporated in the list of Swiss geosites for their geomorphological interest. The geodiversity assessment criteria were selected and presented on five factor maps: the relief energy (relative height), the landform fragmentation, the landform preservation, the geological setting and the hydrological factor. The factor maps were aggregated using the weighted linear combination (WLC) technique. The accuracy of the final geodiversity maps of Derborence and Illgraben was verified during a field inspection. The final maps were qualitatively assessed in terms of the geodiversity value of specific areas within the selected geomorphosites. The proposed method allows assessing the intrinsic geodiversity differentiation of large geosites, in particular in protected and conserved areas (PCAs). The results can be used for purposes such as the designation of most valuable parts of the area for the preservation of certain abiotic features, spatial planning or tourism management, at least in the alpine fold mountains.
Geosite determination based on geodiversity assessment utilizing the volcanic history of a near-sea-level explosive eruption-dominated volcanic island: Tūhua/Mayor Island, New Zealand
Authors: Zakharovskyi Vladislav , Kósik Szabolcs , Li Boxin , Németh Károly 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Tūhua/Mayor Island is located approximately 45 km off the NE coast of the North Island of New Zealand. This island was formed by various explosive and effusive volcanic eruptions commonly influenced by magma–water interaction eruption events occurring since the Pleistocene. The wider area of the SW Pacific contains numerous volcanic islands with a similar type of volcanic evolution. Tūhua/Mayor Island should be studied in more detail to understand the underlying volcanic mechanisms and apply this research to other volcanic islands in the SW Pacific. Mayor Island, also known by its indigenous Māori name
Tūhua
(obsidian in Māori), provides an ideal site for studying current volcanism. The present day island was formed around 150 ka ago and contains several rhyolitic lava-flows from different time periods, pyroclastic-flow deposits generated by small-volume localized eruptions and ignimbrite deposited by large explosive eruptions. Our research utilized a qualitative–quantitative assessment of geodiversity estimates to highlight possible geosites for the collection of precise information about the geological evolution of this area, demonstrating the potential of geoeducational sites. The term geodiversity recognizes geological and geomorphological elements, which have shaped the Earth's surface and underly our abiotic environment. Additionally, volcanic heritage was included in our equation, specifically tailored for Tūhua/Mayor Island and based on expert views (qualitative model). This model allows for a wider diversity for the area of research compared with the original method, which utilized only geological elements. The results show that areas with pyroclastic deposits exposed on the cliffs and in the centre of the collapse caldera should be considered for the further study for geosite planning.
The Current Burden of Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Global Assessment Based on GLOBOCAN 2020
Authors: Lorenzoni Valentina , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Vignat Jerome , Laversanne Mathieu , Bray Freddie , Vaccarella Salvatore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a complex disease whose etiologies, either related to risk factors such as smoking or alcohol, or linked to HPV infection, are believed to be responsible for wide gender and geographical variability. This study depicts the current burden of OPC worldwide.

Methods:
Estimated OPC new cases, deaths, age-standardized rates (ASR) for both incidence and mortality in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database for each country and across 20 UN-defined world regions by sex. The incidence-to-mortality ratio (IMR) was also estimated from ASR.

Results:
Worldwide, 98,400 new cases and 48,100 OPC deaths were estimated in 2020, with ASR of 1.1 and 0.51 per 100,000 for incidence and mortality, respectively. ASR for both incidence and mortality were approximately four times higher in men and varied greatly across geographical regions and countries within the same region. Higher incidence was estimated in Europe, North-America, Australia, and New Zealand. Mortality was the highest in Central-East Europe, Western Europe, Melanesia, South-Central Asia, and the Caribbean. South-Central Asia, most African areas, and Central America exhibited the lowest IMR values, whereas North-America, Australia, New Zealand, and North-Europe had the highest.

Conclusions:
The marked geographical and gender variability in OPC incidence and mortality is likely to reflect the distribution of risk factors and the diverse prevalence of HPV-negative and HPV-positive cases.

Impact:
Findings are likely to drive future research, support the development of targeted strategies to counteract disease burden, establish priorities for prevention and treatment programs, and address inequality in access to services.
K-Means clustering-based semi-supervised for DDoS attacks classification
Authors: Jasim Mahdi Nsaif , Gaata Methaq Talib 
Published: September 2022

Network attacks of the distributed denial of service (DDoS) form are used to disrupt server replies and services. It is popular because it is easy to set up and challenging to detect. We can identify DDoS attacks on network traffic in a variety of ways. However, the most effective methods for detecting and identifying a DDoS attack are machine learning approaches. This attack is considered to be among the most dangerous internet threats. In order for supervised machine learning algorithms to function, there needs to be tagged network traffic data sets. On the other hand, an unsupervised method uses network traffic analysis to find assaults. In this research, the K-Means clustering algorithm was developed as a semi-supervised approach for DDoS classification. The proposed algorithm is trained and tested with the CICIDS2017 dataset. After using the proposed hybrid feature selection methods and applying multiple training, testing, and carefully sorting DDoS traffic through a series of experiments, the optimum 2 centroids were found to be DDoS and normal. The generated centroids can be used to classify network traffic. So the proposed method succeeded to cluster the network traffic to safe and theat.
Aortic Cellular Diversity and Quantitative Genome-Wide Association Study Trait Prioritization Through Single-Nuclear RNA Sequencing of the Aneurysmal Human Aorta
Authors: Chou Elizabeth L. , Chaffin Mark , Simonson Bridget , Pirruccello James P. , Akkad Amer-Denis , Nekoui Mahan , Lino Cardenas Christian Lacks , Bedi Kenneth C. , Nash Craig , Juric Dejan , Stone James R. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Klattenhoff Carla , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lindsay Mark E. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Mural cells in ascending aortic aneurysms undergo phenotypic changes that promote extracellular matrix destruction and structural weakening. To explore this biology, we analyzed the transcriptional features of thoracic aortic tissue.

Methods:
Single-nuclear RNA sequencing was performed on 13 samples from human donors, 6 with thoracic aortic aneurysm, and 7 without aneurysm. Individual transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles. Clusters were used for between-disease differential gene expression analyses, subcluster analysis, and analyzed for intersection with genetic aortic trait data.

Results:

We sequenced 71 689 nuclei from human thoracic aortas and identified 14 clusters, aligning with 11 cell types, predominantly vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) consistent with aortic histology. With unbiased methodology, we found 7 vascular smooth muscle cell and 6 fibroblast subclusters. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed a vascular smooth muscle cell group accounting for the majority of differential gene expression. Fibroblast populations in aneurysm exhibit distinct behavior with almost complete disappearance of quiescent fibroblasts. Differentially expressed genes were used to prioritize genes at aortic diameter and distensibility genome-wide association study loci highlighting the genes
JUN, LTBP4
(latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1), and
IL34
(interleukin 34) in fibroblasts,
ENTPD1, PDLIM5
(PDZ and LIM domain 5),
ACTN4
(alpha-actinin-4), and
GLRX
in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as
LRP1
in macrophage populations.

Conclusions:
Using nuclear RNA sequencing, we describe the cellular diversity of healthy and aneurysmal human ascending aorta. Sporadic aortic aneurysm is characterized by differential gene expression within known cellular classes rather than by the appearance of novel cellular forms. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of aortic tissue can be used to prioritize genes at aortic trait loci.
Clinical Practice Variations in the Management of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Luu Judy M. , Wei Janet , Shufelt Chrisandra L. , Asif Anum , Tjoe Benita , Theriot Paul , Bairey Merz C. Noel 
Published: September 2022

Background
Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease is a condition associated with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes. To date, there are no specific American Heart Association or American College of Cardiology guidelines. The objective of this survey is to better understand the clinical practice and knowledge gaps that exist nationally.

Methods and Results
Participant‐specific links for a survey with 11 questions and 3 reminders were sent between September and October 2020 to the American College of Cardiology CardioSurve Panel. The panel consist of randomly selected cardiologists (n=437) who represent the current profile of the American College of Cardiology US membership. The survey received a 30% response rate. Of the 172 respondents, 130 (76%) indicated that they have treated patients with ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease. Although the majority (69%) are generally confident in their ability to manage this condition, 1 of 3 report lack of confidence or are neutral. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Chronic Stable Angina Guidelines are the most commonly used reference for treating ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (81%), with most cardiologists wanting additional clinical guidance, such as randomized controlled trials (61%). More than 4 of 5 cardiologists rarely or never order advanced imaging modalities to assess coronary flow reserve. Approximately 2 of 3 of respondents frequently prescribe statins (68%), aspirin (66%), calcium channel blockers (63%), and β blockers or α/β blockers (55%). However, nearly 70% never prescribe angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.

Conclusions
This survey demonstrates heterogeneity in the management of ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease among US cardiologists, identifies support for guideline development, and outlines knowledge gaps for research and education in the therapeutic management of this condition.
Effects of a Dietitian‐Led, Telehealth Lifestyle Intervention on Blood Pressure: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Chang Alexander R. , Gummo Lauren , Yule Christina , Bonaparte Heather , Collins Charlotte , Naylor Allison , Appel Lawrence J. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Bailey‐Davis Lisa 
Published: September 2022

Background
Limited data exist on the benefits of lifestyle behavior change delivered using telehealth and web‐based applications with varied support on blood pressure (BP).

Methods and Results

We conducted a 2‐site randomized controlled trial at Geisinger (January 2019–March 2021) to compare the efficacy of 2 remotely delivered strategies using web‐based applications in participants with 24‐hour systolic BP 120–160 mm Hg and body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2
. Both arms received access to web‐based applications and the same lifestyle guidance per American Heart Association guidelines. One arm received minimal nonclinical staff support, and the other arm received dietitian support with motivational interviewing during weekly calls. The primary outcome was 12‐week change in 24‐hour systolic BP. A total of 187 participants were randomly assigned, with 156 (83.4%) completing the trial. In both arms, 24‐hour systolic BP was reduced at follow‐up, but the difference in BP change was not significant (dietitian‐led arm, −6.73 mm Hg [95% CI, −8.64 to −4.82]; minimal‐support arm, −4.92 [95% CI, −7.01 to −2.77];
P
comparing groups=0.2). The dietitian‐support arm had greater 12‐week improvements in the secondary outcomes sleep systolic BP (mean, −6.92 versus −1.45;
P
=0.004), sleep diastolic BP (−3.31 versus 0.73;
P
=0.001), and self‐reported physical activity (866 versus −243 metabolic equivalent task minutes per week;
P
=0.01) and tended to have improvements in weight loss (−5.11 versus −3.89 kg;
P
=0.1) and Healthy Eating Index–2015 score (9.23 versus 6.43 units;
P
=0.09).

Conclusions
Both the dietitian‐ and minimal‐support interventions reduced 24‐hour systolic BP similarly, although the dietitian‐led intervention led to greater improvements in several secondary cardiometabolic outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03700710.
An Uncertainty Measure for Prediction of Non-Gaussian Process Surrogates
Authors: Hu Caie , Zeng Sanyou , Li Changhe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModel management is an essential component in data-driven surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimization. In model management, the solutions with a large degree of uncertainty in approximation play an important role. They can strengthen the exploration ability of algorithms and improve the accuracy of surrogates. However, there is no theoretical method to measure the uncertainty of prediction of Non-Gaussian process surrogates. To address this issue, this article proposes a method to measure the uncertainty. In this method, a stationary random field with a known zero mean is used to measure the uncertainty of prediction of Non-Gaussian process surrogates. Based on experimental analyses, this method is able to measure the uncertainty of prediction of Non-Gaussian process surrogates. The method's effectiveness is demonstrated on a set of benchmark problems in single surrogate and ensemble surrogates cases.
Why Don’t We Sleep Enough? A Field Experiment among College Students
Authors: Avery Mallory , Giuntella Osea , Jiao Peiran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanisms affecting sleep choice and explores whether commitment devices and monetary incentives can be used to promote healthier sleep habits. To this end, we conducted a field experiment with college students, providing them incentives to sleep and collecting data from wearable activity trackers, surveys, and time-use diaries. Monetary incentives were effective in increasing sleep duration with some evidence of persistence after the incentive was removed. We uncover evidence of demand for commitment. Our results are consistent with partially sophisticated time-inconsistent preferences and overconfidence and have implications for the effectiveness of information interventions on sleep choice.
Regulated Revenues and Hospital Behavior: Evidence from a Medicare Overhaul
Authors: Gross Tal , Sacarny Adam , Shi Maggie , Silver David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study a 2008 policy reform in which Medicare revised its hospital payment system to better reflect patients’ severity of illness. We construct a simulated instrument that predicts a hospital’s policy-induced change in reimbursement using pre-reform patients and postreform rules. The reform led to large persistent changes in Medicare payment rates across hospitals. Hospitals that faced larger gains in Medicare reimbursement increased the volume of Medicare patients they treated. The estimates imply a volume elasticity of 1.2. To accommodate greater volume, hospitals increased nurse employment, but also lowered length of stay.
A Bias Correction Scheme with the Symmetric Cloud Proxy Variable and Its Influence on Assimilating All-Sky GOES-16 Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Feng Chengfeng , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All-sky assimilation of brightness temperatures (BTs) from GOES-16 infrared water vapor channels is challenging, primarily because these channels are sensitive to cloud ice that causes large nonlinear errors in the forecast and forward models. Thus, bias correction (BC) for all-sky assimilation of GOES-16 BTs is vital. This study examines the impacts of different BC schemes, especially for a scheme with a quartic polynomial of cloud predictors (the ASRBC4 scheme), on the analysis and WRF Model forecasts of tropical cyclones when assimilating the all-sky GOES-16 channel-8 BTs using the NCEP GSI-based 3D ensemble–variational hybrid data assimilation (DA) system with variational BC (VarBC). Long-term statistics are performed during the NASA Convective Processes Experiment field campaign (2017). Results demonstrate that the ASRBC4 scheme effectively reduces the average of all-sky scaled observation-minus-backgrounds (OmBs) in a cloudy sky and alleviates their nonlinear conditional biases with respect to the symmetric cloud proxy variable, in contrast to the BC schemes without the cloud predictor or with a first-order cloud predictor. In addition, adopting the ASRBC4 scheme in DA decreases the positive temperature increments at 200 hPa and the accompanying midlevel cyclonic wind increments in the analysis of Tropical Storm (TS) Cindy (2017). Applying the ASRBC4 scheme also leads to better storm-track predictions for TS Cindy (2017) and Hurricane Laura (2022), compared to experiments with other BC schemes. Overall, this study highlights the importance of reducing nonlinear biases of OmBs in a cloudy sky for successful all-sky assimilation of BTs from GOES-16 infrared water vapor channels.
Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated pneumonia cases among hospitalized patients using CLART® microarray technology
Authors: Tjoa Enty , Joon Shikha , Moehario Lucky Hartati , Loe Luse , Pangalila Franz J.V. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a global health condition that affects populations from all age groups. The laboratory identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a causative agent of CAP is challenging because of its atypical and fastidious nature. Therefore, this study assessed the diagnostic potential of PneumoCLART bacteria® in identifying M. pneumoniae as a causative agent of pneumonia in hospitalized adults. Methods This prospective study used a cross-sectional approach to assess the diagnostic potential of PneumoCLART bacteria® for detecting M. pneumoniae in sputum samples procured from 27 patients with pneumonia who required hospitalization. Results The PneumoCLART bacteria® results illustrated that 7 of 27 patients with pneumonia were positive for M. pneumoniae (26%). However, the quality of sputum varied among the M. pneumoniae-positive and M. pneumoniae-negative samples. Fifty percent of the specimens obtained from patients positive for M. pneumoniae were saliva-contaminated and unsuitable for analysis. Conclusions Because the leukocyte count was low and sputum specimens were saliva-contaminated, these findings require further validation to prove the utility of CLART® microarray technology for the identification of M. pneumoniae in pneumonia-positive patients. Conclusively, this prospective study included a small number of clinical samples, which likely affected its outcomes.