bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and nonthermal pretreatment methods for the extraction of anthocyanins: A review
Authors: Ijod Giroon , Musa Farah Nurhusna , Anwar Farooq , Suleiman Norhidayah , Adzahan Noranizan Mohd , Azman Ezzat Mohamad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctional plant bioactive such as polyphenols have drawn greater interest for researchers, food industries, and consumers. Anthocyanins are popular due to its high antioxidant activity and nutra‐pharmaceutical potential. As the demand for anthocyanins grows, exploring and acknowledging applications of various conventional and nonconventional means of anthocyanin extraction is important. Conventional extraction methods have some limitations in the context that these are most time‐consuming, tedious, and less cost‐effective as well as offer lower extraction yield and selectivity. Therefore, to encounter the limitations mentioned, pretreatments including thermal and nonthermal are applied to plant materials prior to the conventional bioactive extraction process. Thermal pretreatments include blanching, ultrasonication, microwave, and ohmic heating (OH); meanwhile, examples of nonthermal pretreatment are enzymatic, high‐pressure processing (HPP), and pulsed electric field (PEF). This review is an attempt to critically summarize the applications of various pretreatment methods for improving the extraction rates and yields of anthocyanins from plant materials.Novelty impact statementOverall, ohmic heating (OH) appeared as the best thermal pretreatment prior to anthocyanins conventional extraction method due to rapid heating and low energy consumption. On the other hand, the most efficient nonthermal pretreatment method is high‐pressure processing (HPP) due to its rapid process, as well as successfully inactivate the microbial and enzyme activities.
Puerto Rican healthcare workers' perspectives on the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on their role, patient care, and mental health
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Diaz‐Ramos Noemy , Quiles Rosalphie , Sanchez‐Roman Maria Jose , Weeks Kristina , Cooper Lisa A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore the personal and work‐related stressors of healthcare workers in Puerto Rico and the organizational support they received during the pandemic.Design and MethodsWe used a qualitative descriptive design and from April – November, 2021, conducted semi‐structured individual interviews with Puerto Rican frontline healthcare workers (n = 12) and supervisors (n = 5).FindingsThematic analysis revealed five major themes: (a) Organizations' response to COVID‐19; (b) increased complexity of patients; (c) intensified work and psychological demand for nurses; (d) overwhelmed and overworked; and (e) recommendations for healthcare leadership. Participants explained that their organizations' responses to COVID‐19 were insufficient for meeting the demands and acuity of the patients. Closure of outpatient services contributed to people presenting to hospitals with exacerbated chronic conditions – especially the elderly. With COVID‐19 precautions prohibiting family visitation, nurses became responsible for total care, including emotional support of patients. In addition, the shortage of staff contributed to nurses assuming greater workloads, feeling overwhelmed and overworked, and healthcare worker resignations. Given their experiences, healthcare workers recommended that healthcare leadership show more appreciation for staff, demonstrate empathy, include frontline workers in decision‐making, and provide mental health resources for staff.ConclusionsThis study with Puerto Rican frontline workers and supervisors uncovers the multiple stressors experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings underscore the need for prioritizing the well‐being of healthcare workers, preparing healthcare leadership on how to support staff, and mandating nurse‐to‐patient ratios.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare workers explained the barriers they experienced for providing quality care to their patients. They also presented recommendations for healthcare leadership to facilitate supporting frontline workers, which ultimately contributes to optimal patient care.
Infectious complications in adult patients with idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome undergoing immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yang , Chang Chung , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Ou Shih‐Hsiang , Chou Kang‐Ju , Fang Hua‐Chang , Chen Chien‐Liang , Huang Chien‐Wei , Ho Tzung‐Yo , Lee Po‐Tsang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are susceptible to infectious complications. Study specifically focusing on adult population's infectious complications is lacking.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 101 adult patients with biopsy‐proven idiopathic MCNS and analysed for the infectious complications. Published literatures were also reviewed aiming to evaluate the feasibility of prophylactic antibiotic treatment.ResultsInfectious complications developed in 17 of 101 (16.8%) patients, with pneumonia (n = 4), cellulitis/fasciitis (n = 4) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 4) being the dominant diseases, and Gram‐negative bacilli the main cause. AKI stage ≥2 (Hazard ratio = 6.1; 95% CI: 1.2–31.9, p = 0.031) and non‐remission by treatment (Hazard ratio = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.2–15.6, p = .023) were the two independent risk factors relevant to developing infectious complications. Review of 16 published literatures and our data showed that even no prophylactic antibiotic therapy, only one case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia developed among the 1787 accumulative cases of MCNS. In contrast, 16 (44%) of acute flare cases were reported among the 36 patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen that did not receive antiviral prophylactic therapy.ConclusionsAdvanced acute kidney injury and non‐remission by treatment are the risk factors toward developing infectious complications in adult MCNS undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. It appears unnecessary to use prophylactic antibiotic for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or other bacterial infections, while screening and prophylactic therapy for hepatitis B and latent tuberculosis are critical for patients in prevalent area.
Sharing decision‐making between the older person and the nurse: A scoping review
Authors: Marriott‐Statham Kelly , Dickson Caroline A. W. , Hardiman Michele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSharing decision‐making is globally recognised as an important concept in healthcare research, policy, education and practice which enhances person‐centred care. However, it is becoming increasingly evident shared decision‐making has not been successfully translated into everyday healthcare practice. Sharing decision‐making has strong links with person‐centred practice. Core to person‐centredness and shared decision making, is the need to recognise that as we age, greater reliance is placed on emotion and life experience to inform decision making processes. With the world's ageing population, older persons facing more complex decisions and transitions of care, it is more important than ever it is understood how shared decision‐making occurs.ObjectivesThis scoping literature review aims to find out how sharing decision making between nurses and older persons in healthcare settings is understood and presented in published literature.MethodsThis scoping review utilised the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, advanced by Levac et al. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched, returning 362 records which were examined against defined inclusion criteria. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).ResultsTwenty‐two records met inclusion criteria for the review. Results indicate while shared decision‐making is included in research, education and policy literature, it has not been effectively translated to inform practice and the relationship between a nurse and an older person. The records lack definitions of shared decision‐making and theoretical or philosophical underpinnings. There is also no consideration of emotion and life experience in decision‐making and how nurses ‘do’ shared decision‐making with older persons.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate sharing decision‐making between nurses and older persons is not well understood in the literature, and therefore is not translated into nursing practice. Further research is needed.
Genotypic variation in field‐grown maize eliminates trade‐offs between resistance, tolerance and growth in response to high pressure from the Asian corn borer
Authors: Guo Jingfei , Liu Shen , Jing Dapeng , He Kanglai , Zhang Yongjun , Li Mingshun , Qi Jinfeng , Wang Zhenying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsect herbivory challenges plant survival, and coordination of the interactions between growth, herbivore resistance/tolerance is a key problem faced by plants. Based on field experiments into resistance to the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), we selected 10 inbred maize lines, of which five were resistant and five were susceptible to ACB. We conducted ACB larval bioassays, analysed defensive chemicals, phytohormones, and relative gene expression using RNA‐seq and qPCR as well as agronomic traits, and found resistant lines had weaker inducibility, but were more resistant after ACB attack than susceptible lines. Resistance was related to high levels of major benzoxazinoids, but was not related to induced levels of JA or JA‐Ile. Following combination analyses of transcriptome, metabolome and larval performance data, we discovered three benzoxazinoids biosynthesis‐related transcription factors, NAC60, WRKY1 and WRKY46. Protoplast transformation analysis suggested that these may regulate maize defence‐growth trade‐offs by increasing levels of benzoxazinoids, JA and SA but decreasing IAA. Moreover, the resistance/tolerance‐growth trade‐offs were not observed in the 10 lines, and genotype‐specific metabolic and genetic features probably eliminated the trade‐offs. This study highlights the possibility of breeding maize varieties simultaneously with improved defences and higher yield under complex field conditions.
Strigolactones as a hormonal hub for the acclimation and priming to environmental stress in plants
Authors: Trasoletti Marta , Visentin Ivan , Campo Eva , Schubert Andrea , Cardinale Francesca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStrigolactones are phytohormones with many attributed roles in development, and more recently in responses to environmental stress. We will review evidence of the latter in the frame of the classic distinction among the three main stress acclimation strategies (i.e., avoidance, tolerance and escape), by taking osmotic stress in its several facets as a non‐exclusive case study. The picture we will sketch is that of a hormonal family playing important roles in each of the mechanisms tested so far, and influencing as well the build‐up of environmental memory through priming. Thus, strigolactones appear to be backstage operators rather than frontstage players, setting the tune of acclimation responses by fitting them to the plant individual history of stress experience.
Biomineralization of ordered dolomite and magnesian calcite by the green alga Spirogyra
Authors: del Buey Pablo , Sanz‐Montero M. Esther 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe formation of ordered dolomite under Earth's surface conditions remains a challenge, although many researchers have now shown that microbes can facilitate the precipitation of this common mineral. This study provides the first evidence of dolomite biomineralization by the green alga Spirogyra (Zygnematales, Chlorophyta), a globally dispersed lacustrine genus. Microbial mats formed by Spirogyra occur in the hyperalkaline and ephemeral lake Caballo Alba, located in Central Spain and characterized by water solutions with high Mg/Ca ratios. Microscopic, geochemical, mineralogical and cytochemical studies have shown that accumulations of carbonates occur within different cells and locations of the alga. Biominerals mostly consist of single crystals of magnesian calcite and dolomite with variable proportions of Ca2+ and Mg2+. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction patterns of the carbonates confirm the pervasive presence of super‐lattice reflections typical of ordered dolomite in compositions with greater than 32 mol% MgCO3. The curved surfaces of some carbonate crystals and their attachment to the organic surfaces represent imprints of a confined growth in compartments that act as a template for crystal nucleation and shape the crystals. Dyes reveal chemical differences in these compartments which explain the polymineral biomineralization and suggest that the alga do not strictly control the precipitation process. Zygnematales algae related with Spirogyra date back possibly to the Early Palaeozoic, thus suggesting that dolomite biomineralization could have been a common process through the Phanerozoic. This discovery provides new insight into the biotic formation of orderly dolomite and aids in the reconstructions of past lacustrine environments of dolomite deposition.
The facilitated sensemaking model as a framework for nursing intervention on family members of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Huang HaiQun , Dong HaiYan , Guan XiaoYue , Zhang Li , Zhou Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse psychological outcomes are prevalent among family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The facilitated sensemaking model (FSM) provides a framework for understanding how intensive care nurses can help these family members overcome situations in which a loved one is critically ill, and reduce adverse psychological outcomes through the facilitated sensemaking process.AimsThis study aimed to implement FSM‐based research performed by ICU nurses and patients' family members to investigate the impact of the facilitated sensemaking intervention on the psychological status of ICU families.MethodsThe intervention was performed by nurses on 80 family members of mechanically ventilated patients, 40 in the control group and 40 in the experimental group. The control group only received routine medical services, while the experimental group received the nursing intervention based on FSM in addition to routine medical services. Anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured with the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, Self‐Rating Depression Scale, and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Check‐List‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C), respectively. SPSS version 25.0 was applied to analyze the data; what is more, some statistical methods, including descriptive statistical analysis, chi‐square test and t‐test were further adopted.ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no significant differences in anxiety, depression, and PTSD of family members of ICU mechanical ventilation patients between the two groups (p > .05). After the intervention, the score of anxiety, depression, and PTSD of family members in the control group and the experimental group were 41.50 ± 5.738 versus 36.50 ± 4.385, p < .001; 45.28 ± 8.089 versus 42.13 ± 5.725, p < .05; and 30.55 ± 7.595 versus 27.55 ± 4.696, p < .05, respectively. The nursing intervention based on FSM significantly alleviated anxiety, depression, and PTSD of mechanical ventilation patients' family members.Linking evidence to actionThe nursing intervention based on FSM significantly alleviated anxiety, depression, and PTSD of mechanical ventilation patients' family members. However, there was only a statistically significant difference in the avoidance and numbness symptom cluster of PTSD via the PCL‐C. Therefore, the observation time after the implementation of the FSM intervention needs to be extended in the future to clarify the effect of the intervention. Further efforts by advanced practice nurses and the cooperation of patients' families are required to incorporate this intervention into ICU practice.
Antifilarial Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) on Bovine Parasites (Onchocerca ochengi)
Authors: Rakwa Enock Enock , Koubala Benoît Bargui , Mando Bertrand Ndou , Djongra Mathieu , Nveikoueing Francis , Ndjonka Dieudonné 
Published: October 2022

Onchocerciasis is a major public health problem caused by Onchocerca volvulus parasite and transmitted to humans via black flies (simulium) bites. The control of onchocerciasis relies much on the use of the chemical drug ivermectin, which is only effective against microfilariae and has led to drug resistance. This study was carried out to assess the in vitro antifilarial activity of methanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria and its most active fractions on adult male O. ochengi worm, the closest model to O. volvulus, after 48 h and 72 h of treatment. Worms’ viability was determined biochemically by MTT/formazan colorimetry assay. The promising plant extract’s acute and subacute oral toxicity were evaluated on both mice and rats. The result revealed a highest antifilarial activity of the methanolic extract (

L

C

50

=
12.28

μ
g
/
mL

) compared to ivermectin (

L

C

50

=
26.50

μ
g
/
mL

) after 72 h of treatment. Out of the eight (08), chromatographic fractions screened, only three (03) fractions (C, F, and G) revealed the highest anti-Onchocerca activity after 72 h of treatment. An oral administration of the plant extract at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg did not produce any toxicity in mice. After repeated daily administration of methanolic extract of I. tinctoria (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days, no significant changes in body weight, biochemical, and haematological parameters was observed. Histopathological examination of organs did not reveal any sign of alteration. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of I. tinctoria revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential antifilarial activity of Indigofera tinctoria and offered an alternative to treating onchocerciasis. Moreover, further studies could be developed in promising new antifilarial sources of the isolated compound and in vivo antifilarial activity of Indigofera tinctoria in the animal model needs to be studied.
A Novel Low-Cost Technique to Allow for Jet Ventilation
Authors: Ni Garrett , Shah Arnav , Molin Nicole , Schartel Scott , Soliman Ahmed M. S. 
Published: October 2022

Background/Objective: Traditional jet ventilation requires the use of a catheter that is inserted either through an endotracheal tube or laryngoscope. Specially designed laryngoscopes with a built-in luer lock adapter to which the high-pressure tubing may be attached exist but are not always available. We present our experience with an adapter which allows connection of the high-pressure tubing to the suction side port of suitable laryngoscopes that is easily assembled using readily available materials in the operating room. Method: We designed a jet ventilator adapter using a high-pressure jet ventilation tubing assembly and a 3-way stopcock extension set which we have used for the past 13 years. A retrospective case series of all adult patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy using this jet ventilation adapter between January 2017 and August 2021 was performed. Result: A total of 100 consecutive patients underwent laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy using jet ventilation between January 2017 and August 2021 was identified. The mean age was 56.3 years, and the mean BMI was 31.2. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic subglottic/tracheal stenosis (46.4%), acquired tracheal stenosis (34.1%), and acquired subglottic stenosis (14.8%). The median duration of the surgical procedure was 53 minutes with an interquartile range of 23. The CO2 laser was used in all cases. There was no disconnection of the adapter, episodes of postoperative respiratory compromise, or extraluminal air on chest radiography for any of our cases. Oxygen saturations remained above 90% intraoperatively for all cases. Conclusion: Our simple jet ventilator adapter connects the jet ventilator to the suction side port of suitable laryngoscopes and eliminates the need for a jet ventilation catheter or specialized laryngoscope at a minimal cost.
The Effect of Economic Freedom on Quality of Life: Exploring the Role of Political Risk Factors in Africa
Authors: Akinlo Anthony E. , Okunlola Charles O. 
Published: October 2022

This article examines economic freedom’s impact on quality of life conditional on the political risk factors in Africa over the period 1985–2016, using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique. The results show that economic freedom has a significant positive effect on the quality of life. However, political risk fundamentals, namely civil liberties, political rights and conflict, cause economic freedom to deteriorate the quality of life in African. These results support North’s (1990) argument that political institutions play a cardinal role in Africa’s economic outcomes and well-being. Therefore, governments in Africa must improve on the political factors to enhance economic freedom’s impact on quality of life. Moreover, policies that lead to an increase in aid and economic growth will improve the quality of life in Africa. JEL: C23, I31, P25
Giant Renal Artery Aneurysm With Hydronephrosis and Severe Atrophy of the Renal Parenchyma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ghenu Maria Iuliana , Bach Francisc Iohann , Manea Maria Mirabela , Ionescu Dorin , Dragoş Dorin 
Published: October 2022

Background: It is known that renal artery aneurysms may lead to hydronephrosis, but utter shrinking of the renal parenchyma due to a giant renal artery aneurysm has not yet been reported. This report is of an 88-year-old woman with resistant hypertension, hydronephrosis, and renal atrophy due to a giant saccular aneurysm of the left renal artery. Case Report: The patient presented with 2 weeks of worsening low back pain on the left side and resistant hypertension. The discovery of a left flank mass on physical examination, lead to the ultrasound detection of a para-aortic mass and a cyst-like partially septate structure replacing the left kidney. Thereafter, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a giant saccular aneurysm of the left renal artery causing severe hydronephrosis with severe parenchymal thinning. The extreme parenchymal atrophy of the left kidney made it an unlikely culprit of resistant hypertension, therefore the interventional radiologist considered that an endovascular attempt to re-establish the patency of the left renal artery would have scarcely produced any benefit. Given the advanced age of the patient, the vascular surgeon considered that risk of a nephrectomy outweighed the benefit, in agreement with the patient’s unwillingness to accept an invasive intervention. Therefore, she was discharged with blood pressure lowering and pain relief medication and was thereafter lost to follow-up. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the most severe kidney parenchymal shrinking in association with a renal artery aneurysm reported in the literature.