bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Vegetable Oils: Retrospective and Prospects
Authors: Dhara Olivia , Rani K. N. Prasanna , Chakrabarti Pradosh Prasad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction is projected as one of the most viable alternatives to conventional hexane extraction due to its density‐dependent solvent power, low viscosity, moderately high diffusion coefficient, and low‐temperature operative conditions. Demands for retention of bioactive compounds in oils like wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, almond oil, etc., are increasing and that can be easily met up by this alternative solvent. Solvent extraction of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid, like flaxseed oil, microbial oil, etc., is highly sensitive. Prolonged heating during removal of solvent often leads to degradation of essential fatty acids. As the phase change is done by changing the pressure, the use of SC‐CO2 overcomes such issues. It is quite evident that degumming, one of the processing steps in refining of vegetable oils, will not be required if SC‐CO2 is used for extraction. Moreover, in some other cases, bioactive compounds will be retained in the de‐fatted meal and can be recovered with better purity. All these factors will add to the overall economy. A detailed review of the application of SC‐CO2 for the extraction of vegetable oils—the initial reports, current status, and future prospectsis presented in this paper.Practical applications: In recent years, the oils and fats industry has gone through several technological advancements and the most important of them was shifting to physical refining process from highly polluting chemical process. The industry may see another major change in the extraction process in the near future. Hexane has been enlisted as a hazardous air pollutant as per the Clean Air Act, 1990. Recent reports show that hexane may have some role even in ozone layer depletion. Scientists are looking forward to alternatives. SC‐CO2 has emerged as one of the most suitable alternatives. The large capital investment required for the installation of SC‐CO2‐based extraction plants was a major drawback. However, ready availability of critical machineries and advancements in terms of automation has brought down the capital expenditure significantly. The utilization of superior quality by‐products generated by the process of SC‐CO2 extraction may be an added advantage for the overall economy of the process.
Electrochemical Immunosensor Made with Zein‐based Nanofibers for On‐site Detection of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Dos Santos Danilo M. , Migliorini Fernanda L. , Soares Andrey C. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Correa Daniel S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA disposable electrochemical immunosensor for on‐site detection of aflatoxin B1(AFB1), one of the most toxic mycotoxins in agri‐food products, was fabricated through a low‐cost cut‐printing method and then modified with zein/polypyrrole(PPy) electrospun nanofibers onto which anti‐AFB1 monoclonal antibodies were immobilized covalently. Fabrication was possible with an innovative and simple approach to adsorb nanofibers onto the working electrode during electrospinning. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed as the principle of detection, and the data collected with a portable potentiostat were treated with information visualization techniques. The nanostructured immunosensor showed a high sensitivity for AFB1 with a linear detection range from 0.25 to 10 ng mL−1 and a theoretical limit of detection of 0.092 ng mL−1, which is adequate to detect AFB1 in food, according to regulatory agencies.
Sensitive and Selective Voltammetric Determination of Ciprofloxacin Using Screen‐printed Electrodes Modified with Carbon Black and Magnetic‐molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Wong Ademar , M. Santos Anderson , A. Silva Tiago , Moraes Fernando C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Sotomayor Maria D. P. T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work reports the construction of screen‐printed electrode (SPE) modified with carbon black (CB) and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymer (mag@MIP) based on an alternative low‐cost approach. The proposed device was used for the sensitive and selective voltammetric determination of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The results obtained from cyclic voltammetry pointed to the improvement of the SPE response toward the irreversible oxidation of ciprofloxacin after the modification of the electrode surface with CB‐based film and the magnetic preconcentration of mag@MIP containing adsorbed ciprofloxacin molecules. Compared to the non‐molecularly imprinted sensor (mag@NIP), the presence of cavities selective for ciprofloxacin recognition in the mag@MIP nanoparticles accounted for the improvement in analytical signal of the molecularly imprinted sensor. The application of differential pulse voltammetry for ciprofloxacin determination yielded a linear response in the concentration range of 0.5 to 7.0 μmol L−1. The repeatability and interference tests results showed that the proposed electrochemical sensor has good measurement accuracy and selectivity. The proposed device was applied for the voltammetric determination of ciprofloxacin in river water and synthetic urine samples, where recovery rates close to 100 % were recorded for all the samples. The quantification data obtained from the application of the proposed voltammetric method were quite consistent with those of the HPLC reference method.
Treatment of starch‐rich wastewater using fly ash‐based low‐cost tubular ceramic membrane
Authors: Goswami Kakali Priyam , Pugazhenthi Gopal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImplementation of fly ash‐based ceramic tubular membranes in starch wastewater treatment can be considered as a cost‐effective approach towards treating huge quantities of wastewater generated in starch industries. The membrane used in this work possesses excellent chemical and mechanical stabilities and has average pore size of 0.133 μm and porosity of (40.17 ± 1.04)%. The permeate produced by treating wastewater from all three starch sources, namely corn, wheat, and rice, was absolutely free of total suspended solids and turbidity and contained slight chemical oxygen demand, which is under permissible limit for discharge into natural water bodies as prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Besides, the experiments conducted revealed that along with applied pressure, cross‐flow velocity and size of starch granules can also play pivotal roles in determining the extent of flux decline. Moreover, the estimated cost of the fabricated membrane is 250.00 USD/m2, signifying that the membrane has affordability for being implemented in starch processing industries of all scale.
HierarchicalMgAl‐layered double hydroxide growth on porousMgOtemplate for pollution removal
Authors: Li Songnan , Mo Tianyu , Chen Lei , Zhang Feng , Jamil Saba , Lu Yuli , Cai Qinghai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent from alumina, magnesium oxide is seldom used in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide. In this work, MgAl layered double hydroxide with hierarchical structure was synthesized by using porous MgO as precursor via a facile in situ reaction at room temperature. And no chemical reagents are needed to provide an alkaline environment that allows precipitation to form during the synthesis process. Crystal structure, morphology, functional group, and surface features of the porous MgO precursor, the synthesized layered double hydroxide and its calcined product were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared techniques. The results demonstrate that the synthesized layered double hydroxide is a pure phase and composed of nanosheets. Moreover, the synthesized layered double hydroxide inherits the morphology of the porous MgO precursor and forms a hierarchical structure. This structure has a large specific surface area (249 m2 g−1) to increase the adsorption properties. Adsorption experimental results show that the maximum adsorption capacities of Congo red and Cr(VI) ions over the synthesized layered double hydroxide were 847.5 and 103.7 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir and pseudo‐second equation. Both adsorption processes were found to be spontaneous and endothermic.
Energy consumption estimation for electric two‐wheeler using different drive cycles for achieving optimum efficiency
Authors: Wankhede Sagar , Thorat Prajwal , Shisode Sanket , Sonawane Swapnil , Wankhade Rugved 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) are fast evolving and their technological advancement is taking at a rapid pace. The performance usually depends upon two basic parameters for an EV, the range of the vehicle and energy consumption per kilometre for the vehicle. Drive cycles (DCs) play a major role in designing EVs. Many DCs are currently used such as the Indian drive cycle (IDC), New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) to check the performance of vehicle in term of their emissions and working standards. This paper compares an electric two‐wheeler scooter with these standard DCs for range and energy consumption estimation and found out that the range obtained using NEDC drive cycle was 130 km in comparison with the IDC which was about 95 km. The paper also highlights the importance of good infrastructure of roads in India to optimize the driving range of the electric vehicle and also stresses the use of good cooling techniques of batteries for range enhancement of EVs.
Late Cretaceous volcanic arc magmatism in southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt: Constraints from whole‐rock, mineral chemistry, Sr–Nd isotopes and U–Pb zircon ages of the Baskil Intrusive Complex (Malatya, Turkey)
Authors: Nurlu Nusret , Köksal Serhat , Kohút Milan 
Published: May 2022

The voluminous intrusive and extrusive magmatism was formed in the Elazığ‐Malatya region of the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SAOB) as a consequence of the continental collision and/or convergent orogeny. The SAOB holds a great number of stratigraphic, metamorphic and tectonomagmatic units in the Elazığ‐Malatya region that are crucial for recognition of the geodynamic setting of southeast Anatolia during the Upper Cretaceous. The Baskil Intrusive Complex (BIC) is composed of mainly tonalitic/granodioritic and dioritic/gabbroic plutonic rocks, while its sub‐volcanic phase is represented by granophyre, aplite and microgabbro, which were intruded into the Upper Cretaceous supra‐subduction zone (SSZ)‐type İspendere ophiolites (SE Turkey). New U–Pb laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon data provided crystallization ages ranging from 84.3 to 81.5 Ma for the BIC. Mafic and felsic rocks of the BIC have a low‐ to medium‐K calc‐alkaline, I‐type, metaluminous character, whereas extremely evolved felsic rocks of this complex show a peraluminous composition. The aluminium‐in‐hornblende barometery (~196 to 299 MPa) of magnesio‐hornblendes in the Baskil intrusive rocks indicates their emplacement in the shallow‐ to moderate crustal plutonic levels at a minimum of 7.3 km to a maximum of 11.1 km depth. The Baskil intrusive rocks present depletion in Ti, Nb, Ta, light REE with respect to primitive mantle, and relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile element (Rb, Ba, Pb, Sr, Th), thus infer a pronounced subduction signature. Both mafic and felsic intrusives show low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70357–0.70561) together with a high initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.51279–0.51289), and high ƐNd(T) values (5.0–7.0) and relatively young Nd crustal residence model ages (TDM = 0.31–0.48 Ga). Based on our field, mineralogical and geochemical findings, we suggest that the BIC was originated from an amphibolitic source that interacted with subducted crust within SSZ and was changed by fluids during the early stages of the short‐lived volcanic arc magmatism that evolved at the fringe of the Tauride Platform.
An approach to quantify parameter uncertainty in early assessment of novel health technologies
Authors: Iskandar Rowan , Federici Carlo , Berns Cassandra , Blankart Carl Rudolf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHealth economic modeling of novel technology at the early stages of a product lifecycle has been used to identify technologies that are likely to be cost‐effective. Such early assessments are challenging due to the potentially limited amount of data. Modelers typically conduct uncertainty analyses to evaluate their effect on decision‐relevant outcomes. Current approaches, however, are limited in their scope of application and imposes an unverifiable assumption, that is, uncertainty can be precisely represented by a probability distribution. In the absence of reliable data, an approach that uses the fewest number of assumptions is desirable. This study introduces a generalized approach for quantifying parameter uncertainty, that is, probability bound analysis (PBA), that does not require a precise specification of a probability distribution in the context of early‐stage health economic modeling. We introduce the concept of a probability box (p‐box) as a measure of uncertainty without necessitating a precise probability distribution. We provide formulas for a p‐box given data on summary statistics of a parameter. We describe an approach to propagate p‐boxes into a model and provide step‐by‐step guidance on how to implement PBA. We conduct a case and examine the differences between the status‐quo and PBA approaches and their potential implications on decision‐making.
Thyroid nodules of indeterminate cytology in Hispanic/Latinx patients
Authors: Kerr Catherine E. , Ferrell Jay , Kitano Mio , Koek Wouter , Dahia Patricia L. M. , Velez Jorge , Francis Gary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehavior of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) varies among ethnic groups. Recommended management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (TN‐IC) is based on molecular analysis from predominantly non‐Hispanic white patients. We hypothesized that TN‐IC in Hispanic/Latinx patients would have different features, management, and outcomes and that molecular testing might perform differently in Hispanic/Latinx patients.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on 127 TN‐IC analyzed with Afirma. Patient characteristics were compared using linear model ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.ResultsOut of 127 TN‐IC, 71 (56%) were Hispanic/Latinx. Hispanic/Latinx had a greater prevalence of diabetes, but Afirma results (benign or suspicious) were similar between ethnic groups. Fourteen patients had malignant pathology. Their management and outcomes were similar across groups. The negative predictive value for our cohort (97.9%) was similar to published data.ConclusionsData from our predominantly‐Hispanic/Latinx cohort suggest that Afirma performs similarly in Hispanic/Latinx and non‐Hispanic white patients with TN‐IC.
Entropy generation on magnetohydrodynamic laminar boundary‐layer Casson CNT‐based nanofluid flow across a wedge by using the homotopy analysis method
Authors: Umadevi K. B. , Patil Mallikarjun B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to scrutinize the entropy generation analysis on magnetohydrodynamic heat transfer flow from Casson single‐walled carbon nanotube on a wedge with Joule heating and viscous dissipation. Kerosene oil is considered as base fluid because of its exclusive features, advanced thermal conductivity, application, and unique behavior. Using similarity variables, the regulating equations are modified into nonlinear coupled, ordinary differential equations, which are then tackled using homotopy analysis method. Impacts of emerging parameters on entropy generation, temperature, velocity, and Bejan number distributions are discussed and shown graphically. The Nusselt number and skin‐friction coefficient values are shown in a table. The results reveal that velocity enhances due to increasing magnetic and Casson parameters. It was inspected that entropy production enhances due to increasing wedge angle and magnetic parameter and decays with Casson parameter. Also, it is examined that the Bejan number upsurges due to larger Casson and wedge angle parameters but a reverse trend can be observed with increasing values of a magnetic parameter. The present results have been endorsed by comparing with the available data in the literature, it was discovered that they are in excellent agreement.
Commodity price uncertainty as a leading indicator of economic activity
Authors: Triantafyllou Athanasios , Bakas Dimitrios , Ioakimidis Marilou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the impact of commodity price uncertainty on the U.S. economic activity. Our analysis indicates that uncertainty in agricultural, energy and metals markets depresses economic activity in the United States. Uncertainty shocks in agricultural and metals markets have a more long‐lasting dampening effect on economic activity and its components, when compared to the effect of oil uncertainty shocks. Finally, we show that when accounting for the effects of macroeconomic and monetary factors, the negative dynamic response of economic activity to agricultural and metals uncertainty shocks remains unaltered, while the respective macroeconomic response to energy uncertainty shocks is significantly reduced.
An effective detection of COVID‐19 using adaptive dual‐stage horse herd bidirectional long short‐term memory framework
Authors: Mannepalli Durga Prasad , Namdeo Varsha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a quickly increasing severe viral disease that affects the human beings as well as animals. The increasing amount of infection and death due to COVID‐19 needs timely detection. This work presented an innovative deep learning methodology for the prediction of COVID‐19 patients with chest x‐ray images. Chest x‐ray is the most effective imaging technique for predicting the lung associated diseases. An effective approach with adaptive dual‐stage horse herd bidirectional LSTM model is presented for the classification of images into normal, lung opacity, viral pneumonia, and COVID‐19. Initially, the input images are preprocessed using modified histogram equalization approach. This is utilized to improve the contrast of the images by changing low‐resolution images into high‐resolution images. Subsequently, an extended dual tree complex wavelet with trigonometric transform is introduced to extract the high‐density features to decrease the complexity of features. Moreover, the dimensionality of the features reduced by adaptive beetle antennae search optimization is utilized. This approach enhances the performance of disease classification by reducing the computational complexity. Finally, an adaptive dual‐stage horse herd bidirectional LSTM model is utilized for the classification of images into normal, viral pneumonia, lung opacity, and COVID‐19. The implementation platform used in the work is PYTHON. The performance of the presented approach is proved by comparing with the existing approaches in accuracy (99.07%), sensitivity (97.6%), F‐measure (97.1%), specificity (99.36%), kappa coefficient (97.7%), precision (98.56%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (99%) for COVID‐19 chest x‐ray database.
Governmental unity and corporate performance
Authors: Cheng Mengyao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of governmental unity on corporate performance. Calendar years are classified as united when the president, Senate majority, and House majority are all from the same political party. Results indicate that firms have higher accounting return on assets when the federal government is united than when it is not. Firms have higher accounting return on assets when federal and state governments are both united under the same party, though the structures of federal and state governments may differ in the same time episode. The positive effect of government unity on corporate performance is stronger when the firm's sales growth rate is greater and profitability more volatile. The results are consistent with united government promoting legislation efficiency and reducing uncertainty in political environments.
Gender, prior knowledge, and the impact of a flipped linear algebra course for engineers over multiple years
Authors: Hardebolle Cécile , Verma Himanshu , Tormey Roland , Deparis Simone 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that active pedagogies could play an important role in achieving more equitable outcomes for diverse groups of students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Although flipped classes are a popular active methodology, there is a lack of high‐quality studies assessing their impact in ecologically valid settings and exploring how outcomes are related to gender and to prior education.PurposeThis paper presents two modified replications of an experimental study investigating the impact of the flipped class approach on students' achievement in a large, first‐year class in an engineering bachelor's degree.MethodologyWe added a new strand, progressively flipped over 3 years, to eight parallel strands of a high‐stakes mandatory linear algebra course for engineers. The study followed a replicated‐between‐subjects design, with students in the flipped strand learning the same material as those in the other strands and taking the same final exam.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the flipped format did not have any significant impact on students' achievement compared to traditional lecturing. However, both replications in the flipped condition show a reduced attainment gap for women and students with less prior knowledge in mathematics.ConclusionWhile the flipped class seems to have weaker effects on learning than other active methodologies, the evidence in this study indicates that it may have an impact on reducing the attainment gap between different groups of students. It may therefore be particularly interesting to consider in efforts to achieve more equitable outcomes for women and where students have heterogeneous educational backgrounds.