bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food cue reactivity: Neurobiological and behavioral underpinnings
Authors: Kanoski Scott E. , Boutelle Kerri N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe modern obesogenic environment contains an abundance of food cues (e.g., sight, smell of food) as well cues that are associated with food through learning and memory processes. Food cue exposure can lead to food seeking and excessive consumption in otherwise food-sated individuals, and a high level of food cue responsivity is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Similar food cue responses are observed in experimental rodent models, and these models are therefore useful for mechanistically identifying the neural circuits mediating food cue responsivity. This review draws from both experimental rodent models and human data to characterize the behavioral and biological processes through which food-associated stimuli contribute to overeating and weight gain. Two rodent models are emphasized – cue-potentiated feeding and Pavlovian-instrumental transfer – that provide insight in the neural circuits and peptide systems underlying food cue responsivity. Data from humans are highlighted that reveal physiological, psychological, and neural mechanisms that connect food cue responsivity with overeating and weight gain. The collective literature identifies connections between heightened food cue responsivity and obesity in both rodents and humans, and identifies underlying brain regions (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus) and endocrine systems (ghrelin) that regulate food cue responsivity in both species. These species similarities are encouraging for the possibility of mechanistic rodent model research and further human research leading to novel treatments for excessive food cue responsivity in humans.
Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Heliospheric Energetic Particles
Authors: Giacalone J. , Fahr H. , Fichtner H. , Florinski V. , Heber B. , Hill M. E. , Kóta J. , Leske R. A. , Potgieter M. S. , Rankin J. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a review of Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs), including the history of their discovery and recent insights into their acceleration and transport in the heliosphere. We focus on a few selected topics including a discussion of mechanisms of their acceleration, escape from the heliosphere, their effects on the dynamics of the heliosheath, transport in the inner heliosphere, and their solar cycle dependence. A discussion concerning their name is also presented towards the end of the review. We note that much is known about ACRs and perhaps the term Anomalous Cosmic Ray is not particularly descriptive to a non specialist. We suggest that the more-general term: “Heliospheric Energetic Particles”, which is more descriptive, for which ACRs and other energetic particle species of heliospheric origin are subsets, might be more appropriate.
Simple Remembering
Authors: Schwartz Arieh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDretske has provided very influential arguments that there is a difference between our sensory awareness of objects and our awareness of facts about these objects—that there is a difference, for example, between seeing x and seeing that x is F. This distinction between simple and epistemic seeing is a staple of the philosophy of perception. Memory is often usefully compared to perception, and in this spirit I argue for the conditional claim that if Dretske’s arguments succeed in motivating the posit of simple seeing, then parallel arguments should equally motivate a posit I call simple remembering. Simple remembering would be a conscious form of memory about an object or event which is prior to and independent of any beliefs the subject may or may not form about the object or event simply remembered.
CKD prevalence based on real-world data: continuous age-dependent lower reference limits of eGFR with CKD–EPI, FAS and EKFC algorithms
Authors: Adler Jakob , Taneva Elina , Ansorge Thomas , Mertens Peter R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Several recent articles discuss the need for a definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that embarks age-dependency and its impact on the prevalence of CKD. The relevance is derived from the common knowledge that renal function declines with age. The aim of this study was to calculate age-dependent eGFR lower reference limits and to consider their impact on the prevalence of CKD.

Methods
A real-world data set from patients with inconspicuous urinalysis was used to establish two quantile regression models which were used to calculate continuous age-dependent lower reference limits of CKD–EPI, FAS and EKFC–eGFR based on either single eGFR determinations or eGFR values that are stable over a period of at least 3 months (± 10% eGFR). The derived lower reference limits were used to calculate the prevalence of CKD in a validation data set. Prevalence calculation was done once without and once with application of the chronicity criterion.

Results
Both models yielded age-dependent lower reference limits of eGFR that are comparable to previously published data. The model using patients with stable eGFR resulted in higher eGFR reference limits. By applying the chronicity criterion, a lower prevalence of CKD was calculated when compared to one-time eGFR measurements (CKD–EPI: 9.8% vs. 8.3%, FAS: 8.0% vs. 7.2%, EKFC: 9.0% vs. 7.1%).

Conclusion
The application of age-dependent lower reference intervals of eGFR together with the chronicity criterion result in a lower prevalence of CKD which supports the estimates of recently published work and the idea of introducing age-dependency into the definition of CKD.
4D Temporally Coherent Multi-Person Semantic Reconstruction and Segmentation
Authors: Mustafa Armin , Russell Chris , Hilton Adrian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe introduce the first approach to solve the challenging problem of automatic 4D visual scene understanding for complex dynamic scenes with multiple interacting people from multi-view video. Our approach simultaneously estimates a detailed model that includes a per-pixel semantically and temporally coherent reconstruction, together with instance-level segmentation exploiting photo-consistency, semantic and motion information. We further leverage recent advances in 3D pose estimation to constrain the joint semantic instance segmentation and 4D temporally coherent reconstruction. This enables per person semantic instance segmentation of multiple interacting people in complex dynamic scenes. Extensive evaluation of the joint visual scene understanding framework against state-of-the-art methods on challenging indoor and outdoor sequences demonstrates a significant ($$\approx 40\%$$

≈
40
%

) improvement in semantic segmentation, reconstruction and scene flow accuracy. In addition to the evaluation on several indoor and outdoor scenes, the proposed joint 4D scene understanding framework is applied to challenging outdoor sports scenes in the wild captured with manually operated wide-baseline broadcast cameras.
Changes in antioxidant system and sucrose metabolism in maize varieties exposed to Cd
Authors: Li Cong , Cao Yingdi , Li Tianfeng , Guo Meiyu , Ma Xinglin , Zhu Yanshu , Fan Jinjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferent maize varieties respond differentially to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the physiological mechanisms that determine the response are not well defined. Antioxidant systems and sucrose metabolism help plants to cope with abiotic stresses, including Cd stress. The relationship of these two systems in the response to Cd stress is unclear. Seed is sensitive to Cd stress during germination. In this study, we investigated changes in the antioxidant system, sucrose metabolism, and abscisic acid and gibberellin concentrations in two maize varieties with low (FY9) or high (SY33) sensitivities to Cd under exposure to CdCl2 (20 mg L−1) at different stages of germination (3, 6, and 9 days).The seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited under Cd stress. The superoxide, malondialdehyde, and proline concentrations, and the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and lipoxygenase activities increased compared with those of the control (CK; without Cd). The expression levels of three genes (ZmOPR2, ZmOPR5, and ZmPP2C6) responsive to oxidative stress increased differentially in the two varieties under Cd stress. The activity of the antioxidant system and the transcript levels of oxidative stress–responsive genes were higher in the Cd-tolerant variety, FY9, than in the sensitive variety, SY33. Sucrose metabolism was increased under Cd stress compared with that of the CK and was more active in the Cd-sensitive variety, SY33. These results suggest that the antioxidant system is the first response to Cd stress in maize, and that sucrose metabolism is cooperative and complementary under exposure to Cd.
Supporting student motivation in class: the motivational potential of tasks
Authors: Heinle Anna , Schiepe-Tiska Anja , Reinhold Frank , Heine Jörg-Henrik , Holzberger Doris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFostering student motivation is an important educational goal. However, motivation in the classrooms is rather heterogeneous, particularly in mathematics and physics. This study examines the potential of (textbook) tasks to promote student motivation. Based onself-determination theory(SDT) andtheory of interest, a low-inference coding scheme was developed and validated by applying the framework ofitem response theory(IRT) to assess the motivational potential of tasks. Current ninth grade mathematics and physics tasks (N = 254 task units) were analyzed using the categoriesdifferentiated instruction, real-life context, autonomy support, competence support, andsupport for relatedness. Additionally, differences between mathematics and physics tasks were examined. Results indicate the coding scheme’s high interrater reliabilities and empirical validity. Furthermore, we found only a low occurrence of motivational features in mathematics and physics tasks, with few subject-specific differences in favor of mathematics. The coding scheme can contribute to optimizing motivation-supportive instructional designs.
Secondary structure and 1H, 15 N & 13C resonance assignments of the periplasmic domain of OutG, major pseudopilin from Dickeya dadantii type II secretion system
Authors: Jacobsen Theis , Dazzoni Régine , Renault Melvin G. , Bardiaux Benjamin , Nilges Michael , Shevchik Vladimir , Izadi-Pruneyre Nadia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability to interact and adapt to the surrounding environment is vital for bacteria that colonise various niches and organisms. One strategy developed by Gram-negative bacteria is to secrete exoprotein substrates via the type II secretion system (T2SS). The T2SS is a proteinaceous complex spanning the bacterial envelope that translocates folded proteins such as toxins and enzymes from the periplasm to the extracellular milieu. In the T2SS, a cytoplasmic ATPase elongates in the periplasm the pseudopilus, a non-covalent polymer composed of protein subunits named pseudopilins, and anchored in the inner membrane by a transmembrane helix. The pseudopilus polymerisation is coupled to the secretion of substrates. The T2SS of Dickeya dadantii secretes more than 15 substrates, essentially plant cell wall degrading enzymes. In D. dadantii, the major pseudopilin or the major subunit of the pseudopilus is called OutG. To better understand the mechanism of secretion of these numerous substrates via the pseudopilus, we have been studying the structure of OutG by NMR. Here, as the first part of this study, we report the 1H, 15N and 13C backbone and sidechain chemical shift assignment of the periplasmic domain of OutG and its NMR derived secondary structure.
Do bigger egos mean bigger presence? Facets of grandiose narcissism and mindfulness
Authors: Fatfouta Ramzi , Heinze Peter Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBroad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed.
Organic photodiode with dual functions of indoor photovoltaic and high-speed photodetector
Authors: Kim Tae Wook , Kim Sung Hyun , Shim Jae Won , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnergy harvesting and light detection are key technologies in various emerging optoelectronic applications. The high absorption capability and bandgap tunability of organic semiconductors make them promising candidates for such applications. Herein, a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) bulk heterojunction-based organic photodiode (OPD) was reported, demonstrating dual functionality as an indoor photovoltaic (PV) and as a high-speed photodetector. This OPD demonstrated decent indoor PV performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of (11.6 ± 0.5)% under a light emitting diode (LED) lamp with a luminance of 1000 lx. As a photodetector, this device exhibited a decent photoresponsivity of 0.15 A/W (green light) with an excellent linear dynamic range (LDR) of over 127 dB within the optical power range of 3.74 × 10−7 to 9.6 × 10−2 W/cm2. Furthermore, fast photoswitching behaviors could be observed with the rising/falling times of 14.5/10.4 μs and a cutoff (3 dB) frequency of 37 kHz. These results might pave the way for further development of organic optoelectronic applications.
Graphical Abstract
ESMO 2021—highlights in colorectal cancer
Authors: Weiss Lukas 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThis short review reflects on a personal selection of three abstracts on colorectal cancer (CRC) presented at the 2021 ESMO Congress: (1) KRASG12C as a new therapeutic target in metastatic CRC, supported by data from the KRYSTAL‑1 and CodeBreaK101 trials, (2) positive phase 3 data on the possible role of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) in the second-line treatment of liver-limited metastatic CRC, and (3) the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on CRC screening, management and mortality, now and in the upcoming years.
Cultural differences in processing online customer reviews: holistic versus analytic thinkers
Authors: Brand Benedikt M. , Kopplin Cristopher Siegfried , Rausch Theresa Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the majority of studies exploring online customer reviews in the light of intercultural comparisons draw on the theoretical framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, which faced justifiable criticism, we make use of Socio-Cognitive Systems Theory to illustrate how consumers from different cultures are cognitively processing information. By employing this alternative theory, it is shown that the (heretofore established) Elaboration Likelihood Model for examining online customer reviews does not serve as an applicable framework in intercultural contexts. Reviewing extant literature, we uncover incidents questioning the generalizability of previous studies on review credibility conducted among East Asians. Building upon a research model established at a national level, we interviewed Western (German; n=552) and East Asian (Chinese; n=585) consumers to analyze the intercultural appropriateness of the model. The results empirically validate the assumptions of the Socio-Cognitive Systems Theory, and thus, finds Chinese to perceive review credibility holistically, whereas Germans tend to categorize its antecedents for evaluating them separately.
Deep learning in radiology: ethics of data and on the value of algorithm transparency, interpretability and explainability
Authors: Fernandez-Quilez Alvaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAI systems are quickly being adopted in radiology and, in general, in healthcare. A myriad of systems is being proposed and developed on a daily basis for high-stake decisions that can lead to unwelcome and negative consequences. AI systems trained under the supervised learning paradigm greatly depend on the quality and amount of data used to develop them. Nevertheless, barriers in data collection and sharing limit the data accessibility and potential ethical challenges might arise due to them leading, for instance, to systems that do not offer equity in their decisions and discriminate against certain patient populations or that are vulnerable to appropriation of intellectual property, among others. This paper provides an overview of some of the ethical issues both researchers and end-users might meet during data collection and development of AI systems, as well an introduction to the current state of transparency, interpretability and explainability of the systems in radiology applications. Furthermore, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of currently open questions and identify key issues during the development and deployment of AI systems in healthcare, with a particular focus on the radiology area.
Inoculating the University R&D Enterprise: How RISC can strengthen post-COVID-19 research integrity and global supply chains
Authors: Norris William J. , Vaughan-Naron Katie , Kashyap Neha , Rodgers Joseph Balmain 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored emerging vulnerabilities in the US research and development (R&D) ecosystem. While an open and collaborative environment has been essential for advancing R&D, this approach exposes university-based R&D to a variety of security threats including state-supported efforts, attacks by malicious actors, and insufficient internal mitigation. As the pandemic led to more remote work and online collaboration, the incidence of exploitation has expanded. Increased security measures are needed to insulate and protect the R&D ecosystem, and US innovation more broadly, while maintaining the fundamental qualities that have contributed to its historical success. In this article, we present the Research Integrity Security Certification (RISC) framework. This concept preserves the autonomy of the US higher education system while also suggesting a mechanism whose effect would be a general enhancement of the security of the US university R&D enterprise with minimal additional state involvement. Much of the work in the proposed model is done by market mechanisms and self-interested microeconomic calculations that generate beneficial aggregate effects. The RISC framework modernizes the university R&D enterprise while strengthening it to operate in this evolving security environment.
Electoral Double-Bind: How Electoral Environments Affect Racial and Ethnic Youth Voting Behavior
Authors: Coll Joseph A. , Juelich Courtney L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research on the voting propensity of young Americans has largely treated the effects of state electoral laws as homogenous, despite today’s youth belonging to the most racially and ethnically diverse age cohort to date. Research has documented differences in participatory resources across racial, ethnic, and age groups, with recent work also suggesting differences in racial and ethnic identity influences across age groups. These factors may lead to significant differences in voter turnout under different state electoral environments. Using the Current Population Survey (2000–2016), national voter rolls (2012), and the Cost of Voting Index, this study investigates how the intersectionality of age and racial/ethnic identification affect voting decisions across state electoral environments. Whether comparing young voters across racial/ethnic identifications or comparing young voters to their older racial/ethnic counterparts, results strongly support the assertion that young voters are affected to differing degrees by increased costs to vote along racial/ethnic lines.
Medicine and the heavens in Padua's Faculty of Arts, 1570–1630
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the faculty of arts at the University of Padua in the years around 1600 professors debated the reliability of astrology, the existence of occult celestial influences, and the idea that celestial heat is present in living bodies. From the 1570s to the 1620s many professors in the faculty of arts pushed back against astrology and Jean Fernel's theories surrounding astral body. Girolamo Mercuriale, Alessandro Massaria and Eustachio Rudio thought that some forms of astral causation and Fernel's ideas were incompatible with their observations of disease, Aristotle's philosophy and Hippocratic theories. Later, Santorio Santorio and Cesare Cremonini, who were allied to the political circle of Paolo Sarpi, polemicized against astrology. Their writings show that at Padua medical theory was linked to Aristotelian cosmology, which emphasized the incommensurability between celestial and terrestrial elements. Their rejection of astrology, however, did not lead to the complete marginalization of astrology at Padua. By the middle of the 1620s, as the political climate changed in Venice, the University of Padua hired professors who promoted astrology and Fernel's theories about the celestial nature of innate heat. The diversity of opinions about astrology reflected Venice's divided politics and multiple approaches to interpreting Aristotle and other authorities.
A closer look at a marginalized test method: Self-assessment as a measure of speaking proficiency
Authors: Winke Paula , Zhang Xiaowan , Pierce Steven J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSecond language (L2) teachers may shy away from self-assessments because of warnings that students are not accurate self-assessors. This information stems from meta-analyses in which self-assessment scores on average did not correlate highly with proficiency test results. However, researchers mostly used Pearson correlations, when polyserial could be used. Furthermore, self-assessments today can be computer adaptive. With them, nonlinear statistics are needed to investigate their relationship with other measurements. We wondered, if we explored the relationship between self-assessment and proficiency test scores using more robust measurements (polyserial correlation, continuation-ratio modeling), would we find different results? We had 807 L2-Spanish learners take a computer-adaptive, L2-speaking self-assessment and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview – computer (OPIc). The scores correlated at .61 (polyserial). Using continuation-ratio modeling, we found each unit of increase on the OPIc scale was associated with a 131% increase in the odds of passing the self-assessment thresholds. In other words, a student was more likely to move on to higher self-assessment subsections if they had a higher OPIc rating. We found computer-adaptive self-assessments appropriate for low-stakes L2-proficiency measurements, especially because they are cost-effective, make intuitive sense to learners, and promote learner agency.