bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical SH2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 inhibition suppresses primary and metastasized liver tumors by provoking hepatic innate immunity
Authors: Liu Jacey J. , Xin Bing , Du Li , Chen Lydia , Long Yanyan , Feng Gen‐Sheng 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
SH2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) is the first identified pro‐oncogenic tyrosine phosphatase that acts downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to promote Ras–extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling. However, this phosphatase was also shown to be antitumorigenic in HCC. This study is aimed at deciphering paradoxical Shp2 functions and mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis and at exploring its value as a pharmaceutical target in HCC therapy.

Approaches and Results:
We took both genetic and pharmaceutical approaches to examine the effects of Shp2 inhibition on primary liver cancers driven by various oncogenes and on metastasized liver tumors. We show here that the catalytic activity of Shp2 was essential for relay of oncogenic signals from RTKs in HCC and that chemical inhibition of Shp2 robustly suppressed HCC driven by RTKs. However, in contrast to a tumor‐promoting hepatic niche generated by genetically deleting Shp2 in hepatocytes, treatment with a specific Shp2 inhibitor had a tumor‐suppressing effect on metastasized liver tumor progression. Mechanistically, the Shp2 inhibitor enhanced antitumor innate immunity by down‐regulating inflammatory cytokines, suppressing the chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 5 signaling axis, but up‐regulating interferon‐β secretion.

Conclusions
These results unveil complex mechanisms for the tumor‐suppressing effect of pharmaceutical Shp2 inhibition in the liver immune environment. We provide a proof of principle for clinical trials with specific Shp2 inhibitors in patients with primary and metastasized liver cancer.
Precision farming and environmental pesticide regulation in the EU—How does it fit together?
Authors: Faupel Michael , von Blanckenhagen Felix , Lückmann Johannes , Ruf Daniel , Wiedemann Gisela , Ludwigs Jan-Dieter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Precision farming technology allows pesticides to be applied precisely to the target while leaving the rest of the field untreated. In the regulation of pesticides, however, a homogeneously sprayed field is considered as the standard scenario. To this end, the current status of pesticide risk assessment from the perspective of terrestrial vertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, and plants as well as aquatic organisms was examined with respect to the EU registration of a pesticide to be applied via precision farming techniques. We highlight which and how respective parts of the technical procedures could be adapted to account for this technology. Our results demonstrate that large parts of risk assessment procedures can be modified, reducing pesticide application and the exposure to the environment. However, further studies and definite procedures are essential to realistically apply, for example, area restriction in the currently required environmental risk assessment schemes. Precision farming has then great potential to achieve the political and public goal of reducing pesticide use, increasing environmental safety, and enhancing the needs of a sustainable agricultural practice. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:17–23. © 2022 SETAC
PC‐SNet for automated detection of prostate cancer in multiparametric‐magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Juneja Mamta , Saini Sumindar Kaur , Acharjee Rajarshi , Kaul Sambhav , Thakur Niharika , Jindal Prashant 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is responsible for the maximum deaths of men across the world after lung cancer; hence, it should be diagnosed in the initial stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) commonly diagnoses PCa due to better visibility of desired organ and cancerous region over other modalities. Therefore, development of MRI‐based computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for PCa has become a recent area of research. Conventional methodologies used by researchers and radiologists were time consuming and prone to subjective errors due to manual interpretation. Thus, the CAD system helps in the early detection of PCa by reducing the computational complexity and increasing the detection accuracy with less chances of subjective errors. This article proposes a deep learning–based methodology named prostate cancer segmentation network (PC‐SNet) for the segmentation of the region of interest (ROI) from the MRI sub‐modalities T2‐weighted (T2W) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE). Further, the performance is analyzed using parameters such as accuracy, Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC), dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard Index (JI) or intersection over union (IOU), F‐score, and Hausdorff distance (HD). Finally, the performance of PC‐SNet is found to outperform fully convolutional network (FCN), semantic pixel wise segmentation (SegNet), residual network (ResNet), UNet, and ENet architectures.
Effects of diet education on empowerment for individuals who have an increased risk of developing breast or colon cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Tlusty Kaitlyn , Jackson Mariah , Riley Bronson , Blase Terri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrong evidence indicates following a healthy diet reduces cancer risk; however, the impact of diet education on empowerment on individuals with an increased cancer risk has not been evaluated. Study participants included patients who had met with a cancer genetic counselor without a history of cancer. Participants received pre‐ and post‐diet education surveys including questions to measure empowerment and feedback for diet education in relation to cancer risk. Empowerment was measured using a ten‐question survey adapted from the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale. The diet education intervention consisted of viewing an infographic created for this study based on recommendations for diets that reduce cancer risk by the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research. Twenty‐eight participants completed both surveys and reviewed the diet education intervention. There was no change in empowerment between pre‐ and post‐ diet education (mean change = −0.5; p = 0.49). Participants previously learned about the relationship between a healthy diet and cancer risk reduction from several sources including family and friends (25.0%), online (25.0%), and primary care providers (25.0%). Most participants preferred diet education to be delivered online (42.9%), followed by on paper (39.3%), and in‐person delivery (17.9%). This pilot study promotes further investigation on the impact of diet or lifestyle education on individuals who have a predisposition to developing cancer. While the results demonstrated no change in empowerment because of diet education, the results established a desire for learning about a healthy diet related to cancer risk and preferences for the modes of delivering education.
KIR2DL5B and HLA DRB1*12 alleles seems to be associated with protection against HIV‐1 in serodiscordant couples in Burkina Faso
Authors: Lallogo Tatiana Doriane , Djigma Florencia W. , Sorgho Pegdwendé Abel , Martinson Jeremy James , Compaore Tégwindé Rebeca , Traore Lassina , Bado Prosper , Bazie Bapio Valérie Elvira Jean Télesphore , Amegnona Lanyo Jospin , Kagone Thérèse S. , Ouedraogo Rogomenoma Alice , Ilboudo Denise P. , Obiri‐Yeboah Dorcas , Yonli Albert T. , Simpore Jacques 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to the Retroviridae family and remains a public health problem in sub‐Saharan Africa. Recent reports from WHO have shown that 33 million people died from HIV infections. HIV is one of the most serious fatal human diseases of the 20th and 21st centuries. However, variations in genetic and immunological factors are associated with protection against HIV infection in uninfected people exposed to HIV. This is the case with naturals killers which play an important role in the progression or regression of HIV infection. The objective of this study is to characterize certain HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes and KIR genes in HIV‐1 serodiscordant couples in Burkina Faso. This study was carried out at Burkina Faso among nineteen (19) HIV‐1 serodiscordant couples. Classical multiplex PCR (SSP‐PCR) was used to characterize the presence or absence of the KIR genes and certain class II HLAs (DRB1*11 and DRB1*12). The characterization of the KIR and HLA genes DRB1*11, DRB1*12 in this study demonstrated that the inhibitor KIR2DL5B, would confer protection against HIV‐1 infection in seronegative partners (odd ratio [OR] = 0.13 [0.02−0.72] and p = 0.029), and the HLA DRB1*12 allele was associated with protection against HIV‐1 infection in seronegative partners (OR = 0.16 [0.03−0.77] and p = 0.038). AA and Bx haplotypes were not found to be associated with HIV‐1 infection in serodiscordant couples. This study confirms the involvement of the KIR genes in viral pathologies such as HIV‐1 infection. Future larger‐scale studies may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which the KIR haplotype and combination of KIR/HLA are associated with protection against HIV infection.
Shrub encroachment impaired the structure and functioning of alpine meadow communities on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhenchao , Liu Yi‐Fan , Cui Zeng , Huang Ze , Liu Yu , Leite Pedro A. M. , Zhao Jingxue , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShrub encroachment has been rapidly occurring due to climate change, with profound ecological consequences for the alpine meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Here, we conducted field surveys along a shrub coverage gradient to examine the effects of shrub encroachment on the structure and functioning of alpine meadows' plant communities. Our results showed that the overall coverage, density, aboveground biomass, species richness, and diversity of meadow community gradually declined with increasing levels of shrub encroachment, especially when shrub coverage exceeded 60%. Aboveground ecosystem multifunctionality also decreased along the shrub coverage gradient. With 90% shrub coverage, the relative importance value of the forbs functional group significantly increased while the Cyperaceae functional group showed the opposite trend: the originally dominant sedges Carex moorcroftii and Kobresia myosuroides were replaced by the forbs Androsace umbellate and Polygonum sparsipilosum. Additionally, shrub encroachment had a strong effect on nonrandom herb species extinction and colonization. At shrub coverages higher than 60%, there were 9 herb species absent and 18 new species colonizing—7 of which were only observed in meadows with 90% shrub coverage. Rare species and those with lower stature were more likely to go extinct, while taller and shade‐tolerant species tended to colonize areas with increasing shrub coverage. Overall, our results indicate that shrub encroachment negatively affects herbaceous community structure and functioning, which has important implications for the management of alpine meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau under ongoing climate change.
Accurate dose measurements using Cherenkov emission polarization imaging
Authors: Cloutier Émily , Archambault Louis , Beaulieu Luc 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeCherenkov radiation carries the potential of direct in‐water dose measurements, but its precision is currently limited by a strong anisotropy. Taking advantage of polarization imaging, this work proposes a new approach for high‐accuracy Cherenkov emission dose measurements.MethodsCherenkov radiation produced in a 15 × 15 × 20‐cm3 water tank is imaged with a cooled charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera from four polarizer transmission axes [0, 45, 90, 135°]. The water tank is positioned at the isocenter of a 5 × 5‐cm2, 6‐, and 18‐MV photon beam. Using Malus’ law, the polarized portion of the signal is extracted. Corrections are applied to the polarized signal following azimuthal and polar Cherenkov emission angular distributions extracted from Monte Carlo simulations. Projected percent depth dose and beam profiles are measured and compared with the prediction from a treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsCorrected polarized signals on the central axis reduced deviations at depth (mean ± standard deviation) from 8% ± 5% to 0.8% ± 1% at 6 MV and 8% ± 7% to 1% ± 3% at 18 MV. For the profile measurement, differences between the corrected polarized signal and the TPS calculations are 1% ± 3% and 2% ± 3% on the central axis at 6 and 18 MV respectively. In these conditions, Cherenkov emission is shown to be partly polarized.ConclusionsThis work proposes a novel polarization imaging approach enabling high‐precision water‐based dose measurements using the Cherenkov radiation. The method allows a correction of the Cherenkov emission anisotropy within 4% on the beam central axis and in depth.
The safety of rapid infusion levetiracetam: A systematic review
Authors: Jense Alexa , Douville Alyssa , Weiss Ashley 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is a common diagnosis and can quickly progress to status epilepticus which requires rapid treatment. Levetiracetam is a frequent treatment choice in these situations. The approved administration of intravenous levetiracetam is an infusion over 15 min. In recent years, studies have been published on faster infusion rates of levetiracetam. The objective of this review is to discuss the safety of levetiracetam as an intravenous push at a rate quicker than recommended. A literature search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar resulted in 192 articles. Inclusion criteria consisted of English language, human studies, use of levetiracetam administered intravenously at a rate faster than 15 min, discussion of safety, and full‐text availability. After screening, nine articles remained for inclusion. Of the nine articles, one was a prospective, open‐label study, six were retrospective studies, and two were open‐label, randomized controlled trials. The most common rapid infusion speed was 5 min and doses ranged from 280 to 4500 mg. Some of these trials used undiluted levetiracetam and many reported that peripheral access was used for a portion or all of the administrations. There were few adverse effects, including specific adverse effects relating to medication concentration and speed of infusion, in all the studies. Administration of intravenous levetiracetam at a rate faster than recommended in the labeling information appears to be safe and tolerable and can be given via a peripheral line. Rapid infusion of levetiracetam is a beneficial method of administration in an acute care setting where patients need rapid attainment of therapeutic levels of antiepileptic medications. Additional research is needed to ensure that rapid administration of intravenous levetiracetam is as efficacious as the traditional dosing method.
The structure of strong Indian monsoon low‐pressure systems in subseasonal‐to‐seasonal prediction models
Authors: Deoras A. , Turner A. G. , Hunt K. M. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe structure of strong Indian monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPSs) up to forecast lead times of 15 days in 11 models of the Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) Prediction Project is analysed. Strong LPS (SLPS) tracks are obtained from a catalogue of LPSs tracked in all ensemble members of the S2S models during a common reforecast period of June–September 1999–2010. SLPSs, which have a minimum intensity equal to at least the upper‐quartile intensity of all LPSs, are then composited to generate horizontal and vertical structures of several dynamic and thermodynamic fields. The evolution of fields with forecast lead time and during LPS lifecycle is analysed. Furthermore, the simulation of the lower‐tropospheric monsoon circulation, precipitation biases, and the precipitation contribution of LPSs are analysed. All S2S models and the multimodel mean simulate the lower‐tropospheric monsoon circulation, but prominent dry biases are observed in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Environment and Climate Change Canada models. The precipitation contribution of LPSs to the summer mean precipitation is smaller in all S2S models than in tracks derived from ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The location and amplitude of the lower‐tropospheric cold core and the location of maximum precipitation are not well simulated by many models, particularly by the Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia model, in which the cold core is missing altogether. The structure of relative vorticity anomaly in all S2S models and the multimodel mean is shallower and weaker than in ERA‐Interim and MERRA‐2 reanalyses. Though the cold core intensifies through the LPS lifecycle in all models, the warm core features a midlife maximum, except in models such as Australian Bureau of Meteorology and China Meteorological Administration. These results demonstrate the potential for S2S models at simulating the structure of SLPSs, benefiting stakeholders that use S2S models for forecasting.
Distributed bearing‐based formation control and network localization with exogenous disturbances
Authors: Bae Yoo‐Bin , Kwon Seong‐Ho , Lim Young‐Hun , Ahn Hyo‐Sung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a generalized robust stability analysis for distributed bearing‐based formation control and network localization systems in a global reference frame. Different from many existing studies under ideal circumstances, we analyze stability of bearing‐based systems with general time‐varying exogenous disturbances. In addition to analyzing stability, explicit upper‐boundary sets of bearing formation control and network localization errors are derived via Lyapunov stability analysis. By computing the upper‐boundary sets of errors, we could obtain beneficial information for reducing and estimating the bounded errors. Since various sources of disturbances exist in reality, the research on robustness issues in this direction has potential benefits for practical applications to deal with system errors.
Polyamine‐Assisted Rapid Gold Nanocluster Synthesis via Electrostatic Attraction‐Facilitated Core Approaching
Authors: Zhou He , Zhang Jing , Liu Ying , Liu Wencai , Tang Ying , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThiolate‐stabilized gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are widely used in bioimaging, chemical sensing, and emitting devices because of their good solubility, great stability and versatile optical/chemical properties. However, most conventional synthetic strategies reported so far suffer long reaction time, which limits the rapid and large‐scale synthesis of Au NCs. In this study, a simple electrostatic attraction‐assisted core approaching strategy was developed, which accelerates the synthesis of Au NCs by introducing polyamine (hyperbranched polyetheneimine, hPEI). As a case study, the tactic was demonstrated for the rapid preparation of Au NCs based on glutathione (GSH)‐HAuCl4 system within 1.5 h. The synthesis includes two steps: first, negatively charged Au(I)‐GSH complex under basic condition (pH 9) was adsorbed onto hPEI surface via electrostatic attraction; second, aurophilic attraction of Au(I) centers benefited the formation of Au NCs. With such a strategy, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) can also be quickly prepared within 30 min.
Synthesis of Sn and Zr‐Doped BiVO4 Nanocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Moscow Subramanian , Kavinkumar Veerappan , Sriramkumar Masilamani , Kalaikathir S. Prabath Reshmi , Jothivenkatachalam Kandasamy , Fu Yen‐Pei , Anandan Srinivasan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, a facile microwave route to synthesized of Tin (Sn) and Zirconium (Zr) doped BiVO4 with enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance are demonstrated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the monoclinic‐tetragonal structure of metal doped BiVO4. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) images confirmed the sphere like morphology while bare is in floral structure. The Raman (RS) and Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FT‐IR) Spectroscopy indicate the functional group of composition. Photoluminance (PL) spectroscopy revealed that the doped BiVO4 showed better excitation then the bare BiVO4. The UV‐Visible diffused reflectance (UV‐vis‐DRS) spectroscopy exposed improved visible light driven by narrow band gap of metal doped BiVO4. Further Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Sweep voltammetry characterization (LSV) report that the metal doped BiVO4 established better photoelectrochemical activity in water splitting. The impact of metal doping in the crystallinity, optical properties, electrical properties and photocatalytic activity were evaluated using model pollutant of azo dyes and gaseous acetaldehyde under visible light irradiation. The Zr doped BiVO4 exhibit better performance for degradation of dyes, acetaldehyde decomposition and water splitting properties then the Sn doped BiVO4 and bare BiVO4. This work founds that the metal doping with semiconductor is effective in creating heterostructured nanomaterials, which result in reduce the recombination processes, leading to improved photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance.
Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane/Dihydropyrimidinone Tethered Bis‐Amidic Triazole Hybrid Compounds via One‐Pot Sequential Six/Seven Component Ugi‐Click Reaction
Authors: Kumar Sitanshu , Mangal Surabhi , Nosran Anu , Harjai Kusum , Singh Vasundhara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSynthesis of bis(indolyl)methane/dihydropyrimidinone based bis‐amide‐triazole hybrid compounds has been achieved via one‐pot six/seven‐component sequential Ugi‐Click reaction. Two molecular libraries of anti‐bacterial compounds containing significant pharmacophoric nuclei were synthesized in good yield and purity using green solvent, mild reaction conditions with atom economy by structural modifications in three independent starting materials.
Carbon Dots Synthesized from Cinchona Pubescens Vahl. An Efficient Antibacterial Nanomaterial and Bacterial Detector.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Reyna Marlen Alexis , España‐Sanchez Beatriz Liliana , Molina Gustavo Andrés , Lopez‐Miranda Jose Luis , Mendoza‐Cruz Ruben , Esparza Rodrigo , Estevez Miriam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) synthesized using Cinchona pubescens Vahl from the hydrothermal method displayed blue emission radiation, pH dependency, homogeneous sizes, colloidal stability in water, and antibacterial features. They consist of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, attributed to the antioxidant species extracted from the Cinchona pubescens Vahl that simultaneously synthesized and reduced graphene oxide. They reach a bacterial minimal inhibitory concentration of 62.5 μg mL−1 against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, which is better than traditional antibiotics and other CDs obtained from similar natural sources and methods. The photoluminescent CDs were also used to detect bacteria, an essential application in microbiology, biotechnology, medical diagnosis, and food safety, showing the capability of distinguishing between gram‐positive and gram‐negative strains and between dead and alive gram‐positive bacteria. Thus, CDs obtained by green resources represent a promising platform to produce functional antibacterial agents and bacteria detectors.