bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of human oral microbiome and its non-invasive diagnostic value in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Shiyuan , Wu Ge , Liu Wenli , Fan Yajuan , Song Wengang , Wu Jian , Gao Dan , Gu Xi , Jing Sanhui , Shen Quanquan , Ren Lingyan , Dong Yindi , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increased, with many complications and high mortality rates. The characteristics of oral microbiome in CKD patients have not been reported. This study aims to analyze the oral microbiome, and to demonstrate the potential of microbiome as noninvasive biomarkers for CKD patients.
Methods: The study collected 253 oral samples from different regions of China (Central China and East China) prospectively and finally 235 samples completed Miseq sequencing, including 103 samples from CKD patients and 132 healthy controls (HCs).
Results: Compared with HCs (n=88), the oral microbial diversity in CKD patients (n=44) was increased. Fourteen genera including Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Leptotrichia were enriched, while six genera including Prevotella and Haemophilus were decreased in CKD patients. Moreover, 49 predicted microbial gene functions including arginine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism increased, while 55 functions including Ribosome and DNA repair recombination proteins decreased. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were closely related to 5 clinical indicators of CKD. Notably, 7 optimal biomarkers were identified using random forest model, and the classifier model respectively reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9917 and 0.8026 in the discovery and validation phase, achieving a cross-region validation.
Conclusions: We first illustrated the characteristics of the oral microbiome of patients with CKD, identified the potential of oral microbial makers as noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of CKD and achieved cross-region validation.
Energy efficiency based lifetime improvement for wireless body area network
Authors: Guo Kunqi , Syed Sheeraz Ali Shah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efficient selection of cluster head nodes for the transmission of the data to the sink node is the major requirement of the wireless body area network. The present work deals with the efficient selection of the cluster head node and uniform rotation of the cluster head based on the four important parameters, i.e. residual energy of the node, mean value of the Euclidean distance, priority level based on data sensitivity, and device physical capability. The proposed energy‐efficient Bayesian clustering algorithm uses naïve Bayesian approach for the appropriate selection of the cluster head node. The selected cluster head node collects the data from the sensor nodes in each round. The collected data is first aggregated and then transmitted to the base station. In the steady‐state phase, the proposed algorithm follows energy‐analysed‐TDMA based energy‐efficient data transmission method which further reduces the energy consumption as compared to the standard LEACH protocol. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared to the existing protocol on the MATLAB simulator. The proposed scheme increases the overall lifetime of the network by approximately 1.5 times and also reduces the average energy consumption of the network.
Observer based anti‐windup compensator with functional state feedback for time delay controllers—design and case study application
Authors: Bušek Jaroslav , Zítek Pavel , Vyhlídal Tomáš 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObserver‐based anti‐windup compensator technique is proposed for controllers with time delays in the structure. Taking into consideration the functional character of such controllers and their infinite dimensionality, the feedback is designed as functional. For this purpose, the Ackermann formula is applied to form the functional observer feedback within the scheme involving the control‐action saturation and utilising the back‐calculation principle. It is demonstrated that for the considered controller form and anti‐windup compensator structure, the functional feedback results as causal and turns the design task to finite spectrum assignment. Nevertheless, due to the involved saturation, the feedback parameter tuning remains a nonlinear optimisation task. However, it is shown that via tuning the loop by assigning a multiple root, the optimisation problem is well feasible and can be done, e.g. by minimising an integral squared error criterion. The proposed design technique is step by step demonstrated on control of a benchmark model of heating system with substantial delays in the states, with distinct hereditary dynamics and with saturation at the system control‐input.
Rainforest persistence and recruitment after Australia’s 2019–2020 fires in subtropical, temperate, dry and littoral rainforests
Authors: Baker Andrew G. , Catterall Claudia , Wiseman Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Interactions between rainforest plants and fire occur when fires encroach into rainforest and when rainforest pioneers colonise fire-prone open forests. Although numerous studies show that many rainforest plants survive fire by resprouting and postfire seedling recruitment, data is lacking for several major Australian rainforest types. In this study, we examine fire-resilience traits among 228 taxa of woody rainforest plants in four rainforest classes (subtropical, warm temperate, dry and littoral rainforest) less than 1 year after being burnt in the extensive wildfires of 2019–2020. Among taxa with ≥ 5 records of complete crown scorch (126), resprouting occurred in 63% of taxa overall and 61% of late-successional taxa. Fire-cued seedling recruitment occurred in 62% of taxa overall and 48% of late-successional taxa. Surprisingly, species richness of woody plants increased 22% postfire due to high rates of persistence and emergence of new taxa into standing plant populations as seedlings. Stem density increased ∼400% postfire due to high rates of resprouting and reproduction through suckering and seedling recruitment, although there was a significant redistribution from medium to smaller stem size classes. Larger stems (>10 cm diameter at breast height) were not significantly reduced in rainforest stands. High resprouting rates in small rainforest plants (1 cm diameter at breast height, 1 m tall) suggests rapid attainment of resprouting capacity. Our findings demonstrate that most subtropical, dry, warm temperate and littoral rainforest plant taxa are resilient to rare fires, and suggest that rainforest plants that invade rarely-burnt open forests may quickly become resistant to removal by infrequent fires, with potential for increased populations through fire-enhanced seedling germination.
Acetylammonium chloride as an additive for crystallization control and defect passivation in MAPbI3 based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Alexander Akhil , Srivastava Varun , Ravichandran Poovannan , Pulikodan Vijith K , Anitha B , Joseph Alvin , Namboothiry Manoj A G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uniform and high-electronic-quality perovskite thin films are necessary for high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and additives play a major role in improving the quality of the perovskite films. Here, we demonstrate acetylammonium chloride (AAC) as an additive to effectively control the morphology and crystal quality of the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite film. AAC incorporated PSCs have shown an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.9% compared to 14.9% of the control device. Furthermore, AAC incorporated PSCs exhibit high operational stability by retaining 89% of the initial efficiency after 150 h of continuous operation while the control devices degrade to 51% of the initial PCE in just 45 h. The improved performance and stability of the AAC incorporated PSCs can be attributed to the (a) formation of uniform sized perovskite films of larger grains and (b) passivation of defects present in the grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite film. The defect density has reduced from 4.1 × 1016 to 1.97 × 1016 cm−3 on addition of AAC to the perovskite film. The reduction in defects-induced non-radiative recombination decay pathways, as further verified from impedance and capacitance–frequency measurements, has caused an enhancement in the open circuit voltage of the AAC incorporated devices and thus an improvement in the PCE and stability of the devices.
Fabrication of solid-state nanopores
Authors: Lin Kabin , Chen Chen , Wang Congsi , Lian Peiyuan , Wang Yan , Xue Song , Sha Jingjie , Chen Yunfei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nanopores are valuable single-molecule sensing tools that have been widely applied to the detection of DNA, RNA, proteins, viruses, glycans, etc. The prominent sensing platform is helping to improve our health-related quality of life and accelerate the rapid realization of precision medicine. Solid-state nanopores have made rapid progress in the past decades due to their flexible size, structure and compatibility with semiconductor fabrication processes. With the development of semiconductor fabrication techniques, materials science and surface chemistry, nanopore preparation and modification technologies have made great breakthroughs. To date, various solid-state nanopore materials, processing technologies, and modification methods are available to us. In the review, we outline the recent advances in nanopores fabrication and analyze the virtues and limitations of various membrane materials and nanopores drilling techniques.
Nanoscale-engineered LiCoO2 as a high energy cathode for wide temperature lithium-ion battery applications–role of coating chemistry and thickness
Authors: Jayasree Silpasree S , Nair Shantikumar , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extending the charge cutoff voltage of LiCoO2 (LCO) beyond 4.2 V is considered as a key parameter to obtain higher energy densities. Following gaps have been identified based on a thorough literature survey especially for higher cutoff voltage of nanoscale engineered LCO cathodes, (i) different metal oxides and metal fluoride surface coatings have been mostly done independently by different groups, (ii) room temperature performance was the focus with limited investigations at high temperature, (iii) nonexistence of low temperature cycling studies and (iv) no reports on high rate capability of LCO beyond 4.5 V (especially at 4.8 V) needs to be investigated. Herein, we report the effect of nanoscale engineering of LCO along with the role of coating chemistry and thickness to study its electrochemical performance at higher voltages and at wide operating temperatures. Surface coating was implemented with different metal oxides and a metal fluoride with tunable thickness. At 4.5 V, 5 wt% Al2O3 coated LiCoO2 (LCO@Al2O3-5) delivered a reversible capacity of 169 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 151 mAh g−1 at high rate of 10 C (2 A g−1) and 72% retention at the end of 500 cycles. At 55 °C, it exhibited better stability over 500 cycles at 5 C and even at −12.5 °C it maintained 72% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1. At 4.8 V cut-off, LCO@Al2O3-5 rendered reversible capacity of 213 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a high value compared to literatures reported for LCO. Also noted that it delivered a capacity of 126 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, whereas bare could only exhibit 66 mAh g−1 under same testing conditions. Enhanced performance of LCO@Al2O3-5 can be ascribed to the lower charge transfer resistance derived from the stable solid solution formation on the interface. Ex situ XRD and ex situ Raman analysis at different stages of charge/discharge cycles correlates the enhanced performance of LCO@Al2O3-5 with its structural stability and minimal structural degradation.
Highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties of 2D NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) revealed by first-principle
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shahrokhi Masoud , Javvaji Brahmanandam , Shapeev Alexander V , Zhuang Xiaoying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the latest experimental success, NbOI2 two-dimensional (2D) crystals with anisotropic electronic and optical properties have been fabricated (Adv. Mater. 33 (2021), 2101505). In this work inspired by the aforementioned accomplishment, we conduct first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets. We show that individual layers in these systems are weakly bonded, with exfoliation energies of 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24 J m−2, for the isolation of the NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 monolayers, respectively, distinctly lower than those of the graphene. The optoelectronic properties of the single-layer, bilayer, and bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are investigated via density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 approach. Our results indicate that the layered bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are indirect gap semiconductors, with band gaps of 1.79, 1.69, and 1.60 eV, respectively. We found a slight increase in the electronic gap for the monolayer and bilayer systems due to electron confinement at the nanoscale. Our results show that the monolayer and bilayer of these novel 2D compounds show suitable valence and conduction band edge positions for visible-light-driven water splitting reactions. The first absorption peaks of these novel monolayers along the in-plane polarization are located in the visible range of light which can be a promising feature to design advanced nanoelectronics. We found that the studied 2D systems exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties. The presented first-principles results provide a comprehensive vision about direction-dependent mechanical and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets.
Adaptive dual-energy algorithm based on pre-calibrated weighting factors for chest radiography
Authors: Romadanov Ivan , Abeywardhana Ruwan , Sattarivand Mike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To develop a dual-energy (DE) algorithm with spatially varying weighting factors for material selection and noise suppression. Approach. Calibration step-phantoms, with overlapping slabs of solid water and bone with different thicknesses, were used to obtain the pre-calibrated material selection and noise reduction weighting factors. The Material selection weighting factors were calculated by finding a zero of contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) between regions with two overlapping materials and regions of only target material, while noise suppression weighting factors were determined by maximizing signal-to-noise ratio for overlapping regions. The pre-calibrated weighting factors were fitted with low and high energy radiograph of two Rando phantoms to create maps of material selection and noise suppression weighting factors, which used with DE algorithm and anti-correlated noise reduction (ACNR) algorithm to generate DE images. Three different implementations, including two different sizes of Rando phantoms and two different orientations (oblique and anterior-posterior), were investigated. Soft-tissue and bone only images of Rando phantoms were obtained with five combinations of DE algorithms and CNR, contrast, and noise values of selected regions of interest were compared to evaluate the performance of the novel method: simple log subtraction (SLS), SLS with uniform ACNR, adaptive DE (aDE), aDE with uniform ACNR, and aDE and adaptive ACNR (aACNR). Main results. Compared to SLS, the aDE algorithm demonstrated improved image quality in all three orientations. CNR increased with better contrast for both soft-tissue and bone images. Implementation of aACNR algorithm resulted in further reduction of image noise and improvements in CNR at the cost of contrast. However, aACNR algorithm showed better contrast compared to ACNR method. Significance. A novel DE algorithm was proposed, which showed improved material selection and noise suppression as compared to the conventional DE techniques and can be easily implemented in a clinical environment for real-time DE image generation.
The Co-precipitated preparation, characterization, and optical investigations of Cu-doped CdO nanomaterials
Authors: Shalaby M S , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M , Yousif N M , Agammy E F El , Elmosalami T A , Hasaneen M F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The doped-CdO nanostructures with transition metals attract considerable interest due to their chemical and physical properties. That differs from those bulk materials, especially the variation of their optical bandgap, which makes them used in various applications. This communication focuses on the synthesis and characteristic properties of un-doped/doped Cd1-x
Cu
x
O nanocomposites produced by the co-precipitated technique. XRD patterns indicate the polycrystalline nature of the investigated samples whereas Cu atoms have been effectively diffused into the Cd sites. It is found that at lower concentrations of Cu (111) diffraction planes were mainly the preferential ones while at higher concentrations, the plane (200) appeared as a preferential one. The average particle size increases with the addition of Cu dopant. From TEM it is found that the average particle size ranges from ∼18 to 89 nm. SEM photographs show a formation of distinguished agglomerates. Also, EDX shows that the common elements (Cd, Cu, and O) were obtained without any impurities. The thermal stability increases with increasing Cu concentrations. The optical band gap (E
g) decreases and Urbach energy (E
u) increases, respectively, with increasing the content of Cu. As a result, the CdO doped Cu can be used to develop novel photovoltaic and light-emitting instruments.
Genetic discrimination and protection of personal genetic data: Adapting legal standards to advances in genetics
Authors: Lyutov N L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Genetics has advanced to the point where genetic data on an individual could mark them as predisposed to hereditary illness or unsuitable for certain kinds of jobs. There is widespread apprehension that workers with ‘problematic’ genetics will be singled out by employers and insurance companies for treatment as second-class citizens with restrictions placed on their rights. The article takes up the legal issues involved in defining the concept of genetic data, in regulating genetic information as a type of personal information, and in applying genetic antidiscrimination laws in various countries. Legal restraints on genetic information must be more extensive than on other personal information about a worker because genetic data has implications for their biological relatives. Protection against genetic discrimination must therefore begin with barring employers from collecting genetic information on workers unless it is necessary to prevent hazards to people’s lives or health.
Transformation of education through Big Data: digital twins case study
Authors: Andreasyan A , Balyakin A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Being one of the most decisive social phenomena, education is forced to be transformed by digitalization. As information society emerges, new challenges arise in implementing such technologies as Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. The authors have reviewed the existing practice of introducing new technologies in education. Identifying possible ways to effectively integrate Big Data into education is the aim of authors’ research. The paper investigates the issues of introducing new academic disciplines and technologies, as well as the results of overall education system transformation on the case study of Digital Twins technology as integral part of Big Data technology implementation in Big Science.
Issues of Labor Regulation for Researchers Involved in the Implementation of Large Scientific Projects
Authors: Chernykh N V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the issues related to the legal status of researchers involved in the implementation of “megascience” class projects. Scientific organizations and universities lack certain independence when determining the qualifications requirements for the hiring of scientific workers. There are some terminological problems, difficulties in undergoing preliminary medical examination procedures in the recruitment process, difficulties with obtaining certificates of the presence (absence) of a criminal record and (or) the fact of criminal prosecution or on termination of criminal prosecution on exonerating grounds. Based on an analysis of the existing problems, the author concludes that it is necessary to make comprehensive changes to the current legislation aimed at improving the legal regulation of engaging researchers in the implementation of large “megascience” class projects, taking into account the peculiarities of their work.
Megascience Projects at the Brookhaven National Laboratory
Authors: Nigmatkulov G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a multipurpose research center that primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. BNL operates cutting-edge large-scale facilities for studies in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, applied science, and a wide range of advanced technologies. Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is a megascience facility at BNL that allows to conduct research in nuclear and particle physics. In these proceedings, we will review the current status and future prospects of the megascience complex RHIC.
Organizational and Legal Models of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Establishment and Operation of a Global Research Infrastructure in the Nuclear Field
Authors: Kozheurov Ya , Teymurov E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study is caused by the need to identify advantages and disadvantages of different legal forms and models of international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC), the possibilities of their application to megascience projects on the territory of Russia. The ISTC organizational and legal model with the use of existing framework international intergovernmental organizations or legal entities under national law and with the establishment of new special subjects can be schematically represented in the form of a four-level system. The first level includes the existing legal framework used to regulate the activities of an international intergovernmental organization or the national legislation of the State where the legal entity is established. The second level is represented by the internal law of an international intergovernmental organization or a local regulatory act issued by an “umbrella” structure. The third level consists of various memoranda of understanding. The fourth level is optional and it usually includes various bilateral agreements of the organization. The advantage of using the “umbrella” type organizational legal models is preconditioned by the readiness of the majority of their instruments and mechanisms that have already proven themselves in practice – they only need to be adapted to the specifics of a particular project – and the possibility to use them to implement a significant number of projects. The establishment of a special legal entity of a project type (international or national) is necessary to ensure a precise partners’ equity participation in the implementation of the project, their financial obligations and the governance structure that depends on them. Depending on the “legal environment,” the advantages of the international intergovernmental organization model include certain benefits, immunities and privileges, exemption from the jurisdiction of the host State on a number of issues, etc. A significant advantage is that it is much more difficult to subject international intergovernmental organizations to politically motivated unilateral restrictive measures (“sanctions”). The use of the legal entity established under national law can provide greater efficiency, flexibility and low administrative costs of the process. Moreover, exceptions from national law can also be envisaged for them.