bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-17 Evaluation of Dietary Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Products on Performance of Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)
Authors: Stutts Kyle , Edrington Tom S , McCluskey Madison , Leatherwood Jessica L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the difference between two dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on performance characteristics of young, captive white-tailed deer. Pregnant does were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatment groups. Does were offered a commercially available pelleted deer feed (Record Rack, Cargill, Inc., Wayzata, MN) ad-libitum formulated to provide 10g SCFP/kg feed (XPC; n=52) or the same basal pellet containing the other product at 8.8g SCFP/kg feed (NaturSafe; n=52) to provide approximately 12.5g XPC or 11g NaturSafe per animal daily (Diamond V Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA). Does were on diets for 86±19d prior to fawning and through lactation. Upon discovery of a newborn fawn, BW and morphological measurements were obtained using a soft tape measure. Fawns were weaned at 90d of age and remained on trial for 270-d post-weaning. Fawns were provided with the same diet as their dam throughout the study. Body weights were recorded every 90d during the post-weaning period. Antlers of yearling bucks were scored and weighed after removal of antlers the subsequent fall. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with main effects of treatment and sex with age of fawn as a covariate. There were no differences in morphological measurements of fawns at birth. Fawns in the NaturSafe group had a greater (P=0.02) weaning weight than fawns in the XPC group, but there were no differences in post-weaning weights. There was a tendency (P=0.11) for a lower mortality rate for fawns in the NaturSafe group. Yearling bucks in the NaturSafe group had a greater antler score (P&lt; 0.01) and antler mass (P=0.02) than bucks in the XPC group. Results indicate a reduction in fawn mortality, improvement in weaning weight, and increased antler growth in yearling bucks supplemented with NaturSafe compared to those supplemented with XPC.
PSIII-20 The Effect of Waiting Time at the Lairage of Slaughterhouse of Fattening Bulls After a Long Transport on Animal Behavior, Carcass Quality and Meat Quality
Authors: Sanchez Denise Pamela , González Joel González , de Planell Guillem , Isla Eliseu , Bover Sara , Font Maria , Devant Maria , Marti Sonia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of waiting time at the lairage before slaughter in crossbred bulls after a long transport (~14h). One-half of the bulls of each transport (n = 8 transports; n = 48 ± 4 bulls/transport) were distributed in two treatments: short waiting time (SWT; &lt; 2h; n = 179) and long waiting time (LWT; from 7 to 8h; n = 165). Animal behavior was recorded during waiting time at the lairage. The pH in Longissimus dorsi (LD) between 30 and 36 h postmortem, was registered and a subset of 24 LD were selected for meat quality evaluation. Each loin was cut in 5 slices, one to determine instrumental color, and the others were disposed in high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to evaluate instrumental color, microbiology, and color stability between d 1 to 12. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. Animals standing with LWT treatment decreased (P&lt; 0.001) after the first hour at the lairage (71% to 32%, between 1h and 2h, respectively). After 3h, standing time and non-nutritive oral behaviors started to increase until sixth hour at the lairage (63%). Meat pH was lesser (P &lt; 0.01) for SWT (5.6 ± 0.05) compared with LWT (5.7 ± 0.05). However, the percentage of carcass classified as DFD (pH &gt; 5.7) did not differ between treatments. Meat redness (a*) and yellowness (*b) at 30-36 h were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for SWT (16.3 ± 0.94 and 16.7 ± 1.53, respectively) compared with LWT (15.1 ± 0.94 and 15.6 ± 1.53, respectively). The increase of activity after 3 h at the lairage could be related to the long fasting hours caused by a long transport, however after a long transport waiting time at the lairage had minimal detrimental effects on meat quality.
PSXIII-14 Effect of non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme Supplementation with low Energy Diet on Growth Performance, Lean Meat Percentage, Back fat Thickness, and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Pigs
Authors: Lim Chai Bin , Kim Ki Moon , Hoque Md Raihanul , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating a way to reduce feed costs with better meat characteristics of growing pigs by supplementing non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (NSPE) in energy reduced diets. A total of 200 growing pigs [(Landrace Yorkshire) Duroc] weighing 22.94 ± 0.22 kg were divided into five dietary treatments, each with eight replication pens (3 barrows and two gilts). The pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design according to body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were: CON, basal diet (NE 2500 Kcal); NSPE1, basal diet + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE2, (basal diet-20 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE3, (basal diet-30 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE; NSPE4, (basal diet-50 Kcal) + 0.04% NSPE. We assessed growth performance, lean meat percentage (LMP) and backfat thickness at initial, week 4 and week 8. Apparent nutrient digestibility was assessed in weeks 4 and 8. There was no significant difference (P &gt;0.05) among the groups on growth performance. In week 8, gradual reduction of energy caused a linear reduction (P=0.028) of backfat thickness and a linear increase (P=0.016) of LMP. In addition, at week 8, supplementation of NSPE enzyme showed improved digestibility of nitrogen (P=0.046) and energy (P=0.037) in the NSPE1 group than the CON group. In short, gradual reduction of dietary energy supplemented with NSP enzyme showed consistent growth performance with positive changes in backfat thickness and LMP of growing pigs.
PSXIII-15 Effects of Bovine Colostrum Administration on Piglet Growth and Intestinal Health During the Lactation and Post-Weaning Periods
Authors: Verso Luca Lo , Tanguay Philippe , Guay Frederic 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of administering bovine colostrum to suckling and weanling piglets to modulate the growth, body composition, intestinal architecture, immunity, as well as remodeling and permeability. Twenty-four litters adjusted to 12 piglets each were selected at birth; one-half of them received liquid bovine colostrum (LC+) from d 5 to d 10, whereas the remaining litters did not receive any supplementation (LC-). Starting from d 11, all the litters received a creep feed either supplemented or not with 5% dehydrated bovine colostrum (BC+ and BC-, respectively). Animals were classified as “eaters” or “non eaters” according to their activity towards the feeders recorded by direct observation and presence of dietary marker (ferric oxide) in feces. At weaning (d 21), 16 LC+/BC+ and 16 LC-/BC- piglets (with an equal number of "eaters" and "non eaters" in each group) were selected and fed for 10 days with the same diets administered during lactation. Growth performance was recorded at d 0, 21 and 31. At d 31 bone mineral content, total body fat and lean contents were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry; furthermore, animals were euthanized at d 31 and intestinal samples were collected to evaluate the intestinal morphology and concentration of TNFα, IL10, CXCL10, occludin, caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Our results showed that LC+ and BC+ treatments increased creep feed consumption during lactation (P=0.01 and P=0.08, respectively) and affected litter weight at weaning (LC×BC interaction, P=0.04). Ten days after weaning, BC+ supplementation increased the intestinal villous to crypt ratio and reduced the occludin concentration (P&lt;0.05). Piglets classified as creep feeding "eaters" showed greater intestinal occludin concentrations compared with "non eaters" animals (P=0.005). This study highlights the potential of bovine colostrum to increase piglet growth performance during lactation and affect the intestinal health in the peri-weaning period.
PSXV-20 Effects of Salicylic Acid on Growth Performance, Fecal Score, Blood Profile and Nutrient Digestibility in Weaned Pigs
Authors: Kim Ki Moon , Lim Chai Bin , Cao Shanchuan , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an organic acid found in willow bark and is most widely known as the precursor to acetyl salicylic acid. Such salicylates were commonly used as anti-inflammatory drugs, used both in human and veterinary medicine. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of SA in 80 weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with average initial body weight of 6.38 ± 1.42 kg that were randomly assigned to treatment by body weight (BW). The feeding trial was divided into three phases: Phase- 1 (1to 7 days), Phase- 2 (8 to 21 days) and Phase-3 (22 to 42 days). For a period of 6 weeks, pigs were randomly allotted to two treatments, CON (basal diet) and SA (CON + 0.05% Salicylic acid), with 8 replications per treatment and five pigs per pen. Supplemental effects on growth performance were measured at the end of days 7, 21, and 42. Blood samples were collected from 2 pigs per pen at d 42. Turkey test was performed using GLM procedure of SAS to determine the effect of salicylic acid supplement in weaning pigs with a pen as experimental unit. Dietary inclusion of SA supplementation at days 7, 21, and 42 (P&lt; 0.05) significantly improved the BW gain of the weaning pig compared with control. Over the entire experimental period, pigs fed diet supplemented with SA has tended to increase (P = 0.06) average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (P = 0.07), respectively, compared with those fed CON diet. Moreover, at the end of trial, the blood parameters of serum iron (Fe) concentration was greater in pigs (P&lt; 0.05) fed diet supplemented with SA. In conclusion, supplementation of SA positively influenced BW, ADG, ADFI and serum Fe concentration without affecting the nutrient digestibility and fecal score.
PSXVI-9 Evaluation of Dehydrated Restaurant Food Waste and Treated Rice Straw on Growing and Finishing Pigs
Authors: Michael Medhat A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This project was undertaken to evaluate dehydrated restaurant food waste (DFW) mixed with treated rice straw (TRS) on growth, diet digestibility, and meat quality for growing and finishing pigs. The DFW was minced, dried, and mixed without or with TRS at 10% [DFW+TRS1] or 15% [DFW+TRS2], compared with a corn/ soybean meal (CSM) as a control diet. The DFW, DFW+TRS1 and DFW+TRS2 products contained 11.4, 9.8 and 8.4% moisture, 18.0, 16.7 and 15.8% CP, 14.8, 11.7 and 9.3% crude fat, 4.8, 6.7 and 7.3% crude fiber, 5.2, 5.9 and 6.7% ash, 0.67, 0.58 and 0.50% lysine, 0.54, 0.93 and 1.23% Ca, 0.34, 0.68 and 0.78% P, respectively. The experiment used 72 pigs and four diets. In the growing phase, pigs fed a DFW+TRS1 diet gained faster (P &lt; .05) than pigs fed CSM or DFW alone (0.65 kg/d, vs 0.59 and 0.46 kg/d, respectively). In the finishing phase, DFW+TRS2 resulted in ADG that did not differ from those of pigs fed the CSM diet (0.90 vs 0.99 kg/d; P &gt; .05). The average gain: feed was similar for the pigs fed diets DFW+TRS1 or DFW+TRS2 (P &gt; .05). However, CP digestibility was not different (P &lt; .05) in the DFW+TRS2 compared with pigs fed the CSM diet (88.2 vs 85.3%). Carcass fat became softer (P &lt; .05) with pigs fed diets containing DFW+TRS1 or 2. The meat quality from DFW+TRS1 or 2 pigs is acceptable and the overall flavor is comparable with CSM pigs (P &gt; .05). These results indicate that DFW has the potential to produce a nutritious feedstuffs for pigs while offering a viable solid waste disposal option.
PSXVI-12 Marine-Derived Ca-Mg Complex Supplementation Enhances the Performance of Sows and Their Litters During Parity 1 to 4
Authors: Lim Chai Bin , Kim Ki Moon , Upadhaya Santi Devi , van der Veen Rudolf H , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among several nutrients, minerals specifically constitute a small percentage of diets but have an impact on the growth, health, and productivity of sows. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing the basal diet with marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during parity 1 to 4 in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. Cross-bred gilts (n = 72; average body weight 181 kg) in their first to fourth subsequent parity were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (24 gilts/treatment): CON (corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet with limestone as main Ca source), CM1 (CON- MgO+ 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and CM2 (CM1-0.4% limestone). A greater number (P&lt; 0.05) of total born and live piglets, increased feed intake during gestation and lactation, increased backfat thickness before and after farrowing and at weaning, and increased estrus interval were observed (P&lt; 0.05) during 3rd and 4th parity compared with 1st and 2nd parity sows. Moreover, sows fed CM1 and CM2 diets led to an improvement (P&lt; 0.05) in total piglets during 1st and 2nd parity as well as live-born piglets during 1st to 3rd parity. In addition, CM1 and CM2 group sows showed reduced (P &gt;0.05) backfat thickness change during third and fourth parity. Piglets that were born to CM1 and CM2 group sows showed greater (P&lt; 0.05) weaning weight and average daily gain (ADG) during the first, second, and third parity. Furthermore, sows fed CM1 and CM2 diets decreased (P&lt; 0.05) the duration of first to last piglet birth and placental expulsion time compared with those fed CON diet. A significant interactive effect (P=0.042) between parities and treatment diets was observed for the duration of first to last piglet birth. Thus, supplementation of 0.4% marine-derived Ca-Mg complex to the diet could be recommended to enhance sow and their litter performance during parity 1 to 4.
PSXVI-8 Marine-Derived Ca-Mg Complex Influences Serum Metabolites, Colostrum Nutrient Profile, Lipid and Glucose Metabolism-Associated Genes Expression, and Stress Hormones in Sows Over a Four-Parity Period
Authors: Kim Ki Moon , Lim Chai Bin , Upadhaya Santi Devi , van der Veen Rudolf H , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among different nutrients, the requirement of minerals is small, but impacts sow longevity and reproduction performance. Cross bred gilts (n=72; average body weight 181 kg) in their 1st to 4th subsequent parity was randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments (24 gilts/treatment) to assess the effects of marine derived Ca-Mg complex supplementation on serum mineral contents, hormone concentrations, colostrum nutrient profile, as well as lipid and energy metabolism-associated genes expression in the placental, and umbilical cord tissues. Treatments consisted of CON (corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet with limestone as main Ca source), CM1 (CON-MgO + 0.40% marine derived Ca-Mg complex formulated to have same Ca and Mg spec as basal diet), and CM2 (CON - 0.4% limestone + 0.4% marine derived Ca-Mg complex - MgO). The inclusion of Ca-Mg complex in sow diet increased (P&lt; 0.05) the serum Ca and Mg levels, colostrum Ca, Mg, protein, and IgM contents, and reduced stress hormones after farrowing. However, depletion of Ca and Mg was observed in the 4th parity sows fed CON diet and a reduction in stress hormones were observed in 3rd and 4th parity sows. The relative expression of the SCD gene was downregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM1 and CM2 sows compared with the CON group during parity 3 (P= 0.007) and parity 4 (P = 0.009). During the parity 4, SLC2A2 (P = 0.003) and FABP4 (P = 0.043) genes expression were upregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM2 sows and placenta tissue of sows from CM1 group, respectively. The observed positive influence of marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on lipid and glucose metabolism-associated genes expression, serum metabolites, colostrum nutrient, and stress hormones suggests that inclusion of 0.4% Ca-Mg complex in the diet is beneficial for improving sow longevity and performance.
PSXVI-11 Effects of Yucca Schidigera Extract and Multi-Carbohydrase in Different Crude Protein Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Parameters and Noxious gas Emission in Broilers
Authors: Lim Chai Bin , Kim Ki Moon , Munezero Olivier , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The scarcity of feed raw materials with a consequential increase in the price of animal feed has attracted the attention of nutritionists to find a viable option to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extract and enzyme to the energy- and protein-reduced diet could be a viable strategy that would contribute to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how different crude protein diets with Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase could impact broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas concentrations in the excreta. A total of 480 one-day (d)-old broilers (ROSS 308), with initial body weight (BW) of 45.2 ± 0.3 g were randomly assigned into four (4) dietary treatments, each with six replication cages and 20 birds per cage. In phase I (starter), broiler were fed with diets containing T1 (CP 21%, ME 2,969 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1, 6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase). During phase II (grower) diets contained T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 Mcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); and T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 Mcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase). The addition of Yucca extract and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets revealed a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract 0.02% and α-1,6-galactosidase and β-1,4-mannanase multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of Yucca schidigera and multi-carbohydrase could to be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.
PSV-B-18 Effect of Puberty Induction on Embryonic Loss in Precocious Nellore Heifers
Authors: Baggio Marcelo , Barroso José Paulo P R , Soares Leticia Carolina Bortolanza , Lages Josiane F , Junior Joel G Oliveira , Jeronymo Mariana , Petrenko Natasha B , Ferreira Evandro Maia M , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine if heifers induced to puberty had damage in reproductive performance compared with heifers that reach puberty naturally. Nellore heifers (n = 210) were weaned at 8 ± 0.7 mo of age were assigned to 42 feedlot pens according to BW (184 ± 1 kg). The diet was compounded by Tifton-85 haylage (18% CP; 55% TDN) ad libitum and supplement (4g/kg of BW; 25% CP; 60% TDN). Puberty and growth were assessed weekly. At 14 mo of age, 46 heifers reached puberty naturally (precocious heifers; PH) and 164 non-pubertal heifers were submitted to puberty induction with progesterone (P4) insert for 10 days and estradiol cypionate (0.5 mg) at P4 removal (puberty induction; PI). After fourteen days, all heifers were submitted to TAI. Heifers were considered pregnant at 20 days (P20) after AI when CL had blood flow &lt; 25% of area (Power-Doppler). Pregnancy rate was also determined at 30 (P30) and 60 (P60) days after AI by embryo detection. Early (P20 – P30) and late (P30 – P60) embryonic loss were determined. Reproductive data were analyzed by GLIMMIX, and BW was analyzed using repeated measures over time (MIXED; SAS 9.3). The PH was heavier than PI from 8 to 16 mo of age, which BW was 296 and 285 ± 3 kg at 14 mo of age, respectively. At beginning of TAI, 88% of PI heifers had a CL. Pregnancy rate was similar (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments, in which pregnancy rate at 20, 30 or 60 days after AI was 65, 47 and 43% for PH and 61, 53 and 48% for PI, respectively. Early (26 vs 14%) and late (9 vs 9%) embryonic loss were similar (P &gt; 0.05) in PH and PI, respectively. In summary, natural or induced pubertal heifers had similar reproductive performance.
PSVI-2 Relationship of Sperm Plasma Serine Protease Inhibitor (Serpina5) and Dystroglycan (DAG1) Proteins with Dairy Bull Fertility
Authors: Zoca Saulo Menegatti , Walker Julie , Kline Adalaide , Andrews Taylor , Rich Jerica J J , Epperson Kaitlin M , Nora Drum Jessica N , Ortega M Sofia , Perry George A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has been reported that plasma serine protease inhibitor (SERPINA5) and dystroglycan (DAG1) are loosely attached to the sperm and SERPINA5 can also be present on sperm tails. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SERPINA5 and/or DAG1 could be used as a fertility marker in dairy bulls. Frozen semen from dairy bulls (n=19) were evaluated for concentration of SERPINA5 and DAG1 and percentage of sperm tail labeled for SERPINA5 (SERPINA5-tail) by immunofluorescence in a minimum of 200 sperm cells per bull in two different ejaculates. Semen was evaluated for total motility, progressive motility, and viability. Semen was used for in vitro embryo production (~150 oocytes/bull). Bull fertility was classified by two methods, sire conception rates [SCR - High-SCR ( &gt;1.0) or Low-SCR (&lt; -4.0)] and the ratio of embryos that developed into a blastocyst (BL) from those that had cleaved (CL) as Good (BL/CL≥38.5%) or Poor (BL/CL&lt; 38.5%). The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was used to evaluate fertility classification with SCR, BL/CL, and the interaction in the model with bull as a random effect. Progressive motility, CL, SERPINA5 and DAG1 concentration, and SERPINA5-tail did not differ (P≥0.14) among SCR and BL/CL classifications or their interaction. There was no difference (P&gt;0.33) in total motility between High-SCR and Low-SCR or BL/CL classification; however, the interaction was significant (P=0.02; High-SCR/Good 54.9±2.8%, High-SCR/Poor 39.4±5.4%, Low-SCR/Good 44.8±4.5%, Low-SCR/Poor 52.03±3.2%). High-SCR bulls had decreased BL (P=0.03; 30.6±1.6%, 35.8±1.4%, respectively) and tended to have decreased BL/CL ratio (P=0.10; 38.1±2.0%, 42.9±1.8%, respectively) compared with Low-SCR bulls. In summary, DAG1 and SERPINA5 do not seem to be a putative fertility marker. In vitro embryo production is not a good predictor of SCR, since High-SCR and Low-SCR bulls may have Good or Poor in vitro embryo developments.