bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life stress and perceived social isolation influence how children use value information to guide behavior
Authors: Smith Karen E. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLearning the value of environmental signals and using that information to guide behavior is critical for survival. Stress in childhood may influence these processes, but how it does so is still unclear. This study examined how stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation affect the ability to learn value signals and use that information in 72 children (8–9 years; 29 girls; 65.3% White). Stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation did not influence how children learned value information. But, children with high stressful event exposures and perceived social isolation were worse at using that information. These data suggest alterations in how value information is used, rather than learned, may be one mechanism linking early experiences to later behaviors.
Mass spectrometry‐based cortisol profiling during adrenal venous sampling reveals misdiagnosis for subtyping primary aldosteronism
Authors: Ma Ying , Chen Hong , Chen Fangjun , Jiang Jingjing , Guo Wei , Li Xiaoying , Gao Xin , Lu Zhiqiang , Zhou Bo , Zhao Lin , Li Xiaomu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for subtyping PA. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between immunoassays and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) methods for measuring cortisol levels that affect the judgement of AVS.DesignThis was a retrospective study.PatientsIncluded 72 patients who were diagnosed with PA and had undergone AVS.MeasurementsPatients were grouped according to whether they received adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation during AVS, and the cortisol results were measured using immunoassay and LC‐MS/MS.ResultsThere were 48 patients in the without ACTH stimulation group and 24 in the post‐ACTH stimulation group during AVS (bilateral adrenal vein cannulation success rate, 56.25% vs. 83.33%). ACTH stimulation was beneficial for increasing the success rate of AVS (p < .001). Immunoassays were linearly correlated with LC‐MS/MS when cortisol concentrations were <1750 nmol/L (r = .959, p < .001). When cortisol concentrations were >17,500 nmol/L, no correlation was found between the two methods (p = .093). The two methods were consistent for the detection of cortisol for evaluating the success of cannulation for AVS. Five percent of patients showed discordant lateralization of aldosterone production according to the cortisol LC‐MS/MS and immunoassay results in the without ACTH group, and 15% showed discordant lateralization in the post‐ACTH group.ConclusionsThe immunoassay method can be used to determine whether cannulation is successful. The final decision for lateralization may be more appropriate based on LC‐MS/MS results.
Traits affecting nutrient recycling by mobile consumers can explain coexistence and spatially heterogeneous trophic regulation across a meta‐ecosystem
Authors: Peller Tianna , Marleau Justin N. , Guichard Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEcosystems are linked through spatial flows of organisms and nutrients that impact their biodiversity and regulation. Theory has predominantly studied passive nutrient flows that occur independently of organism movement. Mobile organisms, however, commonly drive nutrient flows across ecosystems through nutrient recycling. Using a meta‐ecosystem model where consumers move between ecosystems, we study how consumer recycling and traits related to feeding and sheltering preferences affect species diversity and trophic regulation. We show local effects of recycling can cascade across space, yielding spatially heterogeneous top‐down and bottom‐up effects. Consumer traits impact the direction and magnitude of these effects by enabling recycling to favour a single ecosystem. Recycling further modifies outcomes of competition between consumer species by creating a positive feedback on the production of one competitor. Our findings suggest spatial interactions between feeding and recycling activities of organisms are key to predicting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across spatial scales.
Impact of HIV impact on outcomes of deep‐brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Garcia Jeanne , Hubsch Cécile , Marques Ana , Gurruchaga Jean‐Marc , Lamirel Cédric , Roze Emmanuel , Moulignier Antoine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMiddle‐aged persons living with HIV (PLHIV) have a heightened risk of more concomitant age‐related comorbidities that are acknowledged as signs of poorer prognosis after deep‐brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) at younger‐than‐expected ages. To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of STN‐DBS in PLHIV with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe retrospectively included nine PLHIV with PD who had sustained virological control. Patients were followed up for 7 ± 4 years.ResultsPatients’ mean ages at PD onset and STN‐DBS were 45 ± 15 and 53 ± 16 years, respectively. At STN‐DBS, mean HIV infection and PD durations were 15 ± 12 and 8 ± 4 years, respectively. STN‐DBS significantly improved 1‐year Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)‐III scores (71%), daily off‐time (63%), motor fluctuations (75%) and daily levodopa‐equivalent dose (68%); mean 5‐year UPDRS‐III score and motor fluctuation improvements remained ~45%. Impulse control disorders (affecting 6/9 patients) fully resolved after STN‐DBS. Postoperative course was uneventful. No serious adverse events occurred during follow‐up.ConclusionOur findings indicate that STN‐DBS is a safe and effective treatment for PLHIV with PD.
Longitudinal amyloid cognitive composite in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Young Ju , Hahn Alice , Park Yu Hyun , Na Duk L. , Chin Juhee , Seo Sang Won 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious studies have developed several cognitive composites in preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). However, more sensitive measures to track cognitive changes and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical AD are needed considering the diverse sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds. This study developed a composite score that can sensitively detect the amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐related cognitive trajectory of preclinical AD using Korean data.MethodsA total of 196 cognitively normal participants who underwent amyloid positron emission tomography were followed‐up with neuropsychological assessments. We developed the Longitudinal Amyloid Cognitive Composite in Preclinical AD (LACPA) using the linear mixed‐effects model (LMM) and z scores. The LMM was also used to investigate the longitudinal sensitivity of the LACPA and the association between time‐varying brain atrophy and the LACPA.ResultsConsidering the group‐time interaction effects of each subtest, the Seoul Verbal Learning Test‐Elderly version immediate recall/delayed recall/recognition, the Korean Trail Making Test B Time, and the Korean Mini‐Mental State Examination were selected as components of the LACPA. The LACPA exhibited a significant group‐time interaction effect between the Aβ+ and Aβ− groups (t = −3.288, p = 0.001). Associations between time‐varying LACPA and brain atrophy were found in the bilateral medial temporal, right lateral parietal, and right lateral frontal regions, and hippocampal volume.ConclusionsThe LACPA may contribute to reduction in time and financial burden when monitoring Aβ‐related cognitive decline and therapeutic efficacy of the disease‐modifying agents specifically targeting Aβ in secondary prevention trials.
Effect of coupling damage on fatigue behavior of 2198‐T8 aluminum‐lithium alloy thin sheet for fuselage
Authors: Chen Yajun , Pan Xuechun , Peng Jianshu , Wang Fusheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on fatigue experiment and digital image correlation (DIC) technique, the fatigue damage behavior and the failure mechanism of the 2198 aluminum‐lithium alloy thin sheet used for the fuselage were investigated. Firstly, the influence of hemispherical insert size, impact energy, and rivet hole size Φ on the fatigue performance was explored. Secondly, the axial strain distribution and crack propagation behavior of the coupling damaged specimen under the fatigue cyclic loading were characterized by DIC. The results are as follows: the axial strain along the dent path and the rivet hole section path indicates that there exists a competitive relationship between the discontinuity caused by the rivet hole and the dent damage under the fatigue load. For specimens impacted by the same insert, the critical local plastic strain rate
for the transition point of the fatigue fracture is related to the rivet hole size Φ, and it increases with the rise of Φ. After the dent damage being quantified, the final fracture position could be determined by the numerical comparison method.
Fatigue failure identification using deformation and energy rate for hole‐fissure contained granite under freeze–thaw and variable‐frequency–variable‐amplitude cyclic loads
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Juzhou , Zhu Chun , Mao Tianqiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work conducted laboratory tests considering the coupled freeze–thaw (FT) and variable‐frequency–variable‐amplitude cyclic loads on granite containing two fissures and a circular hole. The analysis is dedicated to reveal the deformation and energy rate characteristics. Testing results show that increasing FT cycle and loading level both accelerate rock damage. The rock subjecting to high FT cycle behaves much larger damage rate in terms of volumetric strain and dissipated energy. The warning strength is defined according to the volumetric strain rate and dissipated energy rate which can early issue a warning than the crack damage stress point. In addition, the rock instability precursor is proposed by monitoring the incremental rate of the radial strain and volumetric strain; drastic damage occurs when the volumetric rate exceeds the radial rate. Three typical crack coalescence modes of double shear coalescence, single shear coalescence, and single tensile coalescence were revealed.
The National Evaluation of Malawi’s PMTCT Program (NEMAPP) study: 24‐month HIV‐exposed infant outcomes from a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Lettow Monique , Tippett Barr Beth A. , van Oosterhout Joep J. , Schouten Erik , Jahn Andreas , Kalua Thokozani , Auld Andrew , Nyirenda Rose , Wadonda Nellie , Kim Evelyn , Landes Megan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesData on long‐term HIV‐free survival in breastfeeding, HIV‐exposed infants (HEIs) are limited. The National Evaluation of Malawi’s Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program (NEMAPP), conducted between 2014 and 2018, evaluated mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) and infant outcomes up to 24 months postpartum.MethodsWe enrolled a nationally representative cohort of HEIs at 54 health facilities across four regional strata in Malawi and used multivariable Cox regression analysis to investigate the risk of adverse outcomes (HIV transmission, infant death and loss to follow‐up) to 24 months postpartum. Models, controlling for survey design, were fitted for the total cohort (n = 3462) and for a subcohort that received maternal viral load (VL) monitoring (n = 1282).ResultsBy 24 months, in 3462 HEIs, weighted cumulative MTCT was 4.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7–6.4%], 1.3% (95% CI 0.8–2.2%) of HEIs had died, 26.2% (95% CI 24.0–28.6%) had been lost to follow‐up and 67.5% (95% CI 65.0–70.0%) were alive and HIV‐free. Primiparity [weighted adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2; parity 2–3: weighted aHR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.9], the mother not disclosing her HIV status to her partner (no disclosure: weighted aHR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.6; no partner: weighted aHR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5–0.9), unknown maternal ART start (weighted aHR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0–3.9) and poor adherence (missed ≥ 2 days of ART in the last month: weighted aHR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.2; not on ART: weighted aHR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.7) were associated with adverse outcomes by 24 months. In the subcohort analysis, risk of HIV transmission or infant death was higher among HEIs whose mothers started ART post‐conception (during pregnancy: weighted aHR 3.2; 95% CI 1.3–7.7; postpartum: weighted aHR 12.4; 95% CI 1.5–99.6) or when maternal viral load at enrolment was > 1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL (weighted aHR 15.7; 95% CI 7.8–31.3).ConclusionsInfant positivity and infant mortality at 24 months were low for a breastfeeding population. Starting ART pre‐conception had the greatest impact on HIV‐free survival in HEIs. Further population‐level reduction in MTCT may require additional intervention during breastfeeding for women new to PMTCT programmes. Pre‐partum diagnosis and linkage to ART, followed by continuous engagement in care during breastfeeding can further reduce MTCT but are challenging to implement.
Differential effects of schooling and cognitive and non‐cognitive skills on labour market outcomes: The case of the garment industry in Ethiopia
Authors: Yamada Shoko , Otchia Christian S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper contributes to the discussion of the effects of educational attainment and skills on labour market outcomes, especially in a fast‐growing economy. The data are derived through the authors’ unique skills assessment of 591 workers at 19 foreign‐invested garment‐production companies in Ethiopia, which allows for the analysis of the impact of cognitive, non‐cognitive, and practical skills separately from that of years of schooling. Instead of using the total score of a written test as a proxy for skills, we examine the composition of skills more closely. Our findings indicate that the schooling record is a significant determinant of wage, although the level of basic cognitive skills does not necessarily correspond to participants’ educational backgrounds. We also find that the non‐cognitive skills needed to perform tasks accurately and with confidence are important for both written test performance and higher wages. Employers reward people with practical skills and knowledge directly related to work, although our findings suggest that overall cognitive capacities are developed holistically from a combination of different types of skills such as mathematical, reading, and analytical. The study highlights how developing economies face different skills assessment challenges than developed economies.
In situ dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in water, sediment and triploid Crassostrea virginica oysters cultivated in floating gear
Authors: Prescott James , Barkovskii Andrei L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To understand spatial–temporal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in triploid Crassostrea virginica in off-bottom aquaculture.

Methods and Results
Oysters, sediments and water were seasonally collected in Georgia, USA. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were quantified with tlh/tdh/trh and vvhA genes, respectively. No tdh/trh genes were detected. Highest concentrations of tlh gene were observed in summer sediments &gt; oysters &gt; water (105/g, 104/g, 103/ml). VvhA concentrations were similar in sediments and oysters but never exceeded ≥3 × 101/ml in water. Concentrations of tlh and vvhA genes correlated to temperature and turbidity, respectively, which along with their different spatial distribution indicated different environmental drivers. In oysters, ratios of the tlh and vvhA to 16S rRNA gene have increased from 0 to 10−1 and 10−2 in summer, while these ratios in water and sediments were lower by 2–3 orders of magnitude.

Conclusions
Dynamics of tlh and vvhA concentrations and abundances suggested enrichment of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus by off-bottom triploid oysters in summer resulting in their abundance by far exceeding that in water.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This first report on enrichment of Vibrio pathogens in triploid oysters with no direct contact to sediments reveals a threat to human health suggesting their monitoring in triploid off-bottom C. virginica aquaculture.
Effects of regulatory focus on online learning engagement of high school students: The mediating role of self‐efficacy and academic emotions
Authors: Deng Wenbo , Lei Weina , Guo Xipei , Li Xinyi , Ge Wenshuang , Hu Weiping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, online courses have been extensively used from K‐12 to higher education. Online learning engagement, an important factor in online learning success, is currently at a low level in high school. Meanwhile, the research on the factors that influence high school students' online learning engagement is still limited.ObjectivesBased on the theories of regulatory focus and value control, this study developed a multi‐mediation model to investigate whether self‐efficacy and academic emotions can mediate the relationship between regulatory focus and online learning engagement.MethodsA total of 926 high school student (52.16% female, mean age = 16.47 years) were recruited to participate in this study and completed self‐report measures of regulatory focus, online learning engagement, online learning self‐efficacy and academic emotions. And we used SPSS macro PROCESS developed by Hayes to examine the mediating role of online learning self‐efficacy and academic emotions.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicated that promotion focus had a stable positive effect on online learning engagement of high school students, whereas prevention focus had a significant negative effect on the same. Self‐efficacy and positive emotions had a significant positive mediating effect between promotion focus and online learning engagement. Moreover, positive emotions had a significant positive mediating effect between the prevention focus and online learning engagement, while negative emotions had a significant negative mediating effect between them.
Frontline connect: Evaluating a virtual technology program to enhance patient and provider communication during COVID‐19
Authors: Bansal Rishi , Jezrawi Rita , Greenwald Ari , Sandhanwalia Simerpreet , Luo Emmy , Greenwald Ilana , Saeed Humaira , Mondoux Shawn , Chan Teresa , Lokker Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRationaleSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many hospitals have reduced in‐hospital visitation. In these situations, virtual communication tools have helped maintain interaction between parties. The Frontline Connect program was designed to address communication and patient care challenges by providing data‐enabled devices to clinical staff in hospitals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify areas of improvement for the Frontline Connect program by: (a) evaluating communication needs, user experience, and program satisfaction; and (b) identifying potential barriers to device access or use.MethodsWe administered pre‐implementation needs assessment, post‐use, and exit surveys to healthcare staff at a pilot hospital site in Ontario. Recruitment was through email lists and site champions using convenience sampling. We descriptively analysed survey responses and compared the initial need statements to post‐implementation use‐cases identified by users.ResultsWe received 139 needs assessments, 31 user experience assessments, and 47 exit survey responses. Most device use occurred in the emergency department and intensive care units and was facilitated by social workers, nurses, and physicians to connect patients, families, and care providers. Pre‐implementation concerns were related to infection control, data security, and device privacy. In the exit survey, these were replaced by other concerns including Internet connectivity and time‐intensiveness. Device utility and ease‐of‐use were rated 9.7/10 and 9.6/10 respectively in the user experience survey, though overall experience was rated 7.2/10 in the exit survey. Overall, respondents viewed the devices as useful and we agree with participants who suggested increased program promotion and training would likely improve adoption.ConclusionsWe found that our virtual technology program for facilitating communication was positively perceived. Survey feedback indicates that a rapid rollout in response to urgent pandemic‐related needs was feasible, though program logistics could be improved. The current work supports the need to improve, standardize, and sustain virtual communication programs in hospitals.
Association of daily sleep duration with the incident dementia by serum soluble TREM2 in a community
Authors: Ohara Tomoyuki , Hata Jun , Tanaka Masashi , Honda Takanori , Yamakage Hajime , Inoue Takayuki , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Kusakabe Toru , Shibata Mao , Kitazono Takanari , Nakao Tomohiro , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the influence of serum level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), which is a soluble type of an innate immune receptor expressed on the microglia, on the association of the daily sleep duration with the risk of dementia.MethodsA total of 1230 Japanese community‐residents aged 60 and older without dementia were followed prospectively for 10 years (2002–2012). Serum sTREM2 levels were divided into two groups using the median value (334.8 pg/ml). Self‐reported daily sleep duration was grouped into three categories of <5.0, 5.0–7.9, and ≥8.0 h. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of daily sleep duration on the risk of dementia according to serum sTREM2 levels.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 262 subjects developed dementia. In subjects with low serum sTREM2 levels, subjects with ≥8.0 h of daily sleep had a significantly greater risk of dementia (multivariable‐adjusted HR 2.05 [95% CI 1.32–3.19]) than those with 5.0–7.9 h of daily sleep, but those with <5.0 h did not. In contrast, the risk of dementia increased significantly in subjects with both <5.0 (1.95 [1.03–3.68]) and ≥8.0 h of daily sleep (1.48 [1.06–2.07]) in the subjects with high serum sTREM2 levels.ConclusionsThe influence of daily sleep duration on risk of dementia differed according to serum sTREM2 levels in the older Japanese population. Short daily sleep may be associated with greater risk of dementia only in subjects with a high serum sTREM2 level.