bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and Collective Intentionality: Elaborating the Fundamentality-Question
Authors: Lo Presti Patrizio Ulf Enrico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is a contribution to the controversy which of individual or collective intentionality is more fundamental. I call it the fundamentality-question. In a first step, I argue that it is really two questions. One is about sense and one about reference. The first is: Can one grasp or understand the concept individual intentionality and, correspondingly, individuality, on the one hand, without grasping or understanding the concept collective intentionality and, correspondingly, collectivity, on the other? The second is: Can the concept individual intentionality and corresponding concept of individuality, on the one hand, refer to something without the concept of collective intentionality and corresponding concept of collectivity referring to something, on the other? Simplifying somewhat, thiselaboratedfundamentality-question admits of nine answers. In a second step, I pursue a tentative answer to the elaborated fundamentality-question. Given a disambiguation of individuality and, correspondingly, individual intentionality, the answer is the combination of claims that individuality and individual intentionality in one sense is fundamental in reference-dependence but that collectivity and collective intentionality is fundamental in reference-dependence in the other sense of individuality, while collectivity and collective intentionality is in both cases fundamental in sense-dependence.
May I have your attention, please? An investigation on opening effectiveness in e-mail marketing
Authors: Chaparro-Peláez Julián , Hernández-García Ángel , Lorente-Páramo Ángel-José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcademic research has yet to provide a comprehensive view on how to capture individuals’ attention when a promotional e-mail reaches their inbox. This study investigates the variables that influence consumers’ attention toward promotional e-mails, operationalized as open rates, and proposes an integrative model that combines and integrates visible, temporal, and contextual elements. The empirical analysis uses ordinary least squares linear regression to validate the model with data obtained from a multinational sample. The dataset, which is global in nature, comprises 5765 different promotional e-mails sent between 2013 and 2018 by different multinational companies to 455 million users located in 73 countries. The analysis provides information about the relative importance of the variables that influence individuals’ decisions to open a promotional e-mail and shows that the frequency of mailing and the use of segmentation techniques significantly affect the individual’s attention to e-mail marketing communications. The results also show a non-transparent opportunity cost associated with every e-mail sent and give advice on how to control that virtual cost. The research provides further recommendations to marketing professionals to improve the effectiveness of e-mail marketing campaigns.
Interventions to Increase HIV Testing Uptake in Global Settings
Authors: Sundararajan Radhika , Ponticiello Matthew , Nansera Denis , Jeremiah Kidola , Muyindike Winnie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
HIV testing is the critical first step to direct people living with HIV (PLWH) to treatment. However, progress is still being made towards the UNAIDS benchmark of 95% of PLWH knowing their status by 2030. Here, we discuss recent interventions to improve HIV testing uptake in global settings.

Recent Findings
Successful facility-based HIV testing interventions involve couples and index testing, partner notification, and offering of incentives. Community-based interventions such as home-based self-testing, mobile outreach, and hybrid approaches have improved HIV testing in low-resource settings and among priority populations. Partnerships with trusted community leaders have also increased testing among populations disproportionally impacted by HIV.

Summary
Recent HIV testing interventions span a breadth of facility- and community-based approaches. Continued research is needed to engage men in sub-Saharan Africa, people who inject drugs, and people who avoid biomedical care. Interventions should consider supporting linkage to care for newly diagnosed PLWH.
Improved transient electroluminescence technique based on time-correlated single-photon counting technology to evaluate organic mobility
Authors: Qiao Xianfeng , Xiao Shu , Yuan Peisen , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe transient electroluminescence (EL) technique is widely used to evaluate the carrier mobility in the field of organic light emitting diodes. The traditional analog detection strategy using oscilloscopes is generally limited since the background noise causes an underestimation of the mobility value. In this paper, we utilize time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) to probe the transient EL for mobility calculation. The measurements on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) show that the electron mobilities obtained using the TCSPC technique are slightly higher than those obtained from the analog method at all the investigated voltages. Moreover, the TCSPC mobilities demonstrate weaker dependence on the root of electrical field compared to the oscilloscope mobilities. These improvements are attributed to the unique principle of TCSPC, which quantifies the EL intensity by counting the number of single-photon pulses, improving its single-photon sensitivity and eliminating the negative impacts of electrical noise. These advantages make TCSPC a powerful technique in the characterization of time-resolved electroluminescence.
Graphical Abstract
Appraisal of climate change and cyclone trends in Indian coastal states: a systematic approach towards climate action
Authors: Kantamaneni Komali , Panneer Sigamani , Krishnan Annaidasan , Shekhar Sulochana , Bhat Lekha , R Aswathi K. , Rice Louis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndian coastal regions have often been affected by frequent climate-induced natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, droughts and other related hazards in recent decades. Existing literature was not sufficient to fully understand these event trends from diverse perspectives in a systematised manner at current scenarios. Therefore, a systematic approach has been employed to assess the climate change and cyclone trends of nine Indian coastal states by using various geographical information system (GIS) tools for 2006–2020. The results showed that 61 cyclones occurred in nine coastal states from 2006 to 2020; the highest numbers were recorded in Odisha (20), West Bengal (14) and Andhra Pradesh (11). Accordingly, these three coastal states emerged as the most vulnerable for high-intensity cyclones. The results also identified that the highest average temperature (29.3 °C) was recorded at Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, and the lowest temperature (26.7 °C) was recorded in West Bengal and Odisha. Most of the coastal states showed fluctuations in temperatures during the study period. At the same time, Kerala and Karnataka states recorded the highest average rainfall (2341 mm and 2261 mm) and highest relative humidity (78.11% and 76.57%). Conversely, the Gujarat and West Bengal states recorded the lowest relative humidity at 59.65% and 70.78%. Based on these results, the current study generated GIS vulnerability maps for climate change and cyclone activity, allowing one to rank each state’s vulnerability. Cumulatively, these results and maps assist in understanding the driving mechanisms of climate change, cyclones and will contribute towards more effective and efficient sustainable disaster management in the future.
Advances in 3D printing of magnetic materials: Fabrication, properties, and their applications
Authors: Wei Xiangxia , Jin Ming-Liang , Yang Haiqiang , Wang Xiao-Xiong , Long Yun-Ze , Chen Zhangwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic materials are of increasing importance for many essential applications due to their unique magnetic properties. However, due to the limited fabrication ability, magnetic materials are restricted by simple geometric shapes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a highly versatile technique that can be utilized for constructing magnetic materials. The shape flexibility of magnets unleashes opportunities for magnetic composites with reducing post-manufacturing costs, motivating the review on 3D printing of magnetic materials. This paper focuses on recent achievements of magnetic materials using 3D printing technologies, followed by the characterization of their magnetic properties, which are further enhanced by modification. Interestingly, the corresponding properties depend on the intrinsic nature of starting materials, 3D printing processing parameters, and the optimized structural design. More emphasis is placed on the functional applications of 3D-printed magnetic materials in different fields. Lastly, the current challenges and future opportunities are also addressed.
High-entropy spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with tunable electromagnetic properties and strong microwave absorption
Authors: Ma Jiabin , Zhao Biao , Xiang Huimin , Dai Fu-Zhi , Liu Yi , Zhang Rui , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFerrites are the most widely used microwave absorbing materials to deal with the threat of electromagnetic (EM) pollution. However, the lack of sufficient dielectric loss capacity is the main challenge that limits their applications. To cope with this challenge, three high-entropy (HE) spinel-type ferrite ceramics including (Mg0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4, (Mg0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)Fe2O4, and (Mg0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)Fe2O4 were designed and successfully prepared through solid state synthesis. The results show that all three HE MFe2O4 samples exhibit synergetic dielectric loss and magnetic loss. The good magnetic loss ability is due to the presence of magnetic components; while the enhanced dielectric properties are attributed to nano-domain, hopping mechanism of resonance effect and HE effect. Among three HE spinels, (Mg0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4 shows the best EM wave absorption performance, e.g., its minimum reflection loss (RLmin) reaches −35.10 dB at 6.78 GHz with a thickness of 3.5 mm, and the optimized effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 7.48 GHz from 8.48 to 15.96 GHz at the thickness of 2.4 mm. Due to the easy preparation and strong EM dissipation ability, HE MFe2O4 are promising as a new type of EM absorption materials.
A high-entropy spinel ceramic oxide as the cathode for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Xu Yangsen , Xu Xi , Bi Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA high-entropy ceramic oxide is used as the cathode for the first time for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs). The Fe0.6Mn0.6Co0.6Ni0.6Cr0.6O4 (FMCNC) high-entropy spinel oxide has been successfully prepared, and the in situ chemical stability test demonstrates that the FMCNC material has good stability against CO2. The first-principles calculation indicates that the high-entropy structure enhances the properties of the FMCNC material that surpasses their individual components, leading to lower O2 adsorption energy for FMCNC than that for the individual components. The H-SOFC using the FMCNC cathode reaches an encouraging peak power density (PPD) of 1052 mW·cm−2 at 700 °C, which is higher than those of the H-SOFCs reported recently. Additional comparison was made between the high-entropy FMCNC cathode and the traditional Mn1.6Cu1.4O4 (MCO) spinel cathode without the high-entropy structure, revealing that the formation of the high-entropy material allows the enhanced protonation ability as well as the movement of the O p-band center closer to the Fermi level, thus improving the cathode catalytic activity. As a result, the high-entropy FMCNC has a much-decreased polarization resistance of 0.057 Ω·cm2 at 700 °C, which is half of that for the traditional MCO spinel cathode without the high-entropy design. The excellent performance of the FMCNC cell indicates that the high-entropy design makes a new life for the spinel oxide as the cathode for H-SOFCs, offering a novel and promising route for the development of high-performance materials for H-SOFCs.
Quasilinear approximation for interval-valued functions via generalized Hukuhara differentiability
Authors: Osuna-Gómez R. , Costa T. M. , Chalco-Cano Y. , Hernández-Jiménez B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new generalized Hukuhara differentiability concept for interval-valued functions defined on $${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$

R

n

is proposed, which extends the classical Fréchet differentiability notion and provides an interval quasilinear approximation for an interval-valued function in a neighborhood of a point at which such function is gH-differentiable. Moreover, it overcomes the shortcomings generated by the use of the gH-differentiability concept previously presented in the literature, and this presents a good perspective on interval and fuzzy environments. Several properties of this new concept are investigated and compared with the previous concept properties. Furthermore, the gH-differentiability concept is extended for a fuzzy function, and its introduction is argued and illustrated with examples.
Camera-trapping reveals new insights in the ecology of three sympatric muntjacs in an overhunted biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Alexiou Ioannis , Abrams Jesse F. , Coudrat Camille N. Z. , Nanthavong Chanthalaphone , Nguyen An , Niedballa Jürgen , Wilting Andreas , Tilker Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Annamites ecoregion harbors exceptional levels of species richness and endemism, but intensive snaring has decimated populations of terrestrial mammals. Ungulates, such as muntjacs, are susceptible to snaring, and in need of effective conservation action. At least three muntjacs occur sympatrically in the region: the Annamite dark muntjac species complex Muntiacus rooseveltorum/truongsonensis, the northern red muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis, and the large-antlered muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis. We conducted a landscape-scale systematic camera-trapping survey in Nakai-Nam Theun National Park to gather information on the ecology and distribution of these muntjacs. We analyzed camera-trap records within an occupancy framework to evaluate responses to environmental and anthropogenic variables, and to predict distributions across the protected area. We found varying responses to the covariates, indicating complex drivers of occurrence, though all three muntjac had higher occupancies in more inaccessible areas. Mean (95%) PAO in the protected area was higher for large-antlered muntjac (0.33 [0.22–0.49]), followed by Annamite dark muntjac (0.28 [0.18–0.39]), and then northern red muntjac (0.27 [0.15–0.42]). Large-antlered muntjac and northern red muntjac were widespread, while dark muntjac was restricted to a single high elevation area. Overall, our results provide new insights into muntjac ecology, distribution, and population status, and we discuss how this information can be used to inform conservation efforts. Given the high occupancies that we found for the Critically Endangered large-antlered muntjac, we argue that Nakai-Nam Theun National Park may be vital for the long-term survival of the species.
Effectiveness of a digital data gathering system to manage the first pandemic wave among healthcare workers in a main European coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tertiary-care hospital
Authors: Sansone Emanuele , Sala Emma , Albini Elisa , Tiraboschi Mara , Cipriani Lorenzo , De Palma Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the information collected from workers infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or close contacts using a digital data gathering system (DDGS) developed at the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to better manage the spread of infection at our hospital.

Design:
Observational retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary University Hospital “Spedali Civili” Hospital, Brescia, Italy.

Participants:
Workers (most of whom are healthcare workers) employed at the hospital.

Methods:
The information collected by the DDGS was transferred to the IBM SPSS statistical software package and then statistically analyzed.

Results:
Overall, ∼16% of the hospital workforce was infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the first pandemic wave. Nurses were the professional category with the highest infection rate (∼15%). The asymptomatic rate of infection was between 31% and 62%. Positive molecular swabs were significantly more frequent in workers undergoing the test after sending a signaling form to our DDGS. Among workers sending the signaling forms, the information about symptoms was more predictive in terms of risk, compared to the close-contact information. The concordance between molecular swabs and subsequent serological testing was significantly higher in workers signaling their at-risk condition through the DDGS.

Conclusions:
Overall, our data demonstrate the advantages of a digital system to gather information from workers, which is useful for managing emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This holds particularly true for large organizations such as hospitals.
When Agronomy Flirts with Markets, Gender, and Nutrition: A Political Ecology of the New Green Revolution for Africa and Women’s Food Security in Burkina Faso
Authors: Moseley William G. , Ouedraogo Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvocates of the Green Revolution for Africa (GR4A) argue that the best way to address malnutrition is to incorporate smallholders into the global food economy via value chains involving the use of improved inputs, production technologies, and access to markets. Moseley and Ouedraogo critically assess these tactics using a feminist political ecology lens to analyze GR4A efforts in southwestern Burkina Faso which target female rice farmers. They examine the nature of the GR4A rice value chain, the degree to which a GR4A project is impacting the nutrition of participating women, and the influence of gender roles on GR4A rice project outcomes.
Building an Ideational and Institutional Architecture for Africa’s Agricultural Transformation
Authors: Munro William , Schurman Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the past two decades, transnationally networked actors have promoted a vision of transforming African agriculture from an object of poverty-alleviating development assistance to a motor of economic growth by integrating smallholders into markets and promoting agribusiness through multi-stakeholder initiatives. Munro and Schurman analyze the networking and communicative labor that key policy actors have performed to advance this vision. An institutional and ideational architecture for this project is created by defining agricultural challenges in specific ways, imbuing particular ideas with authority and establishing strategic institutional connections. This architecture constitutes an emerging governance regime for African agriculture, but its long-term prospects remain uncertain.
Exploring unintended consequences of adult antimicrobial stewardship programs: An Emerging Infections Network survey
Authors: Durkin Michael J. , Lake Jason , Polgreen Philip M. , Beekmann Susan E. , Hersh Adam L. , Newland Jason G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe performed a survey of adult infectious diseases (ID) physicians to explore unintended consequences of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). ID physicians worried about disagreement with colleagues, provider autonomy, and remote recommendations. Non-ASP ID physicians expressed more concern regarding ASPs focus on costs, provider efficiency, and unintended consequences of ASP guidance.
The magnitude and direction of changes in age-specific at-risk-of-poverty rates: an analysis of patterns of poverty trends in Europe in the mid-2010s
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The European Union’s at-risk-of-poverty threshold is set at 60 per cent of national median disposable equivalent income. Changes in median income therefore shift the threshold, which is likely to affect at-risk-of-poverty rates. This effect is likely to vary across population subgroups due to, for instance, connectedness to the labour market. This exploratory study investigates whether there are typical patterns related to changes in age-specific at-risk-of-poverty rates. The study uses European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions microdata and focusses on the development of poverty rates in 30 European countries in the mid-2010s. Results show that especially the old-age poverty rates followed patterns that were different from those of child or working-age poverty rates. There were differences between age groups regarding both the magnitude and direction of at-risk-of-poverty rates. Additionally, the association between changes in at-risk-of-poverty rates and changes in poverty thresholds, income and employment significantly differs between the older population and the two other age groups.
Central Andean (28–34°S) flood record 0–25 ka from Salinas del Bebedero, Argentina
Authors: Quade Jay , Dente Elad , Cartwright Alyson , Hudson Adam , Jimenez-Rodriguez Sebastian , McGee David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Salinas del Bebedero occupies an isolated basin in the foreland of central Argentina at 33°S and was flooded repeatedly over past 25 ka. Isotopic evidence demonstrates that this flooding was due to overflow of the nearby Río Desaguadero with waters derived from the distant (≥300 km) central Andes between 28–34°S. Stratigraphic and shoreline evidence shows that floods occurred most frequently from 14.3 to 11.4 ka, followed by lesser events between 14.3 to 11.4 ka, and during the late Holocene from 2.6 to ca. 0.2 ka. Hydraulic modeling (2D HEC-RAS) shows that these floods could have originated from repeated subglacial drainage or sudden outbursts with a volume of >100 × 106m3and a peak discharge of >1,000 m3s-1each. The absence of flood deposits from 11 to 3 ka points to exceptionally dry and virtually ice-free conditions in the Andes between 28–34°S. The floods were probably caused by major rainfall or dammed-lake outbursts clustered largely during wet pluvial periods in the otherwise moisture-limited central Andes and Atacama Desert, such as when the Intertropical Convergence Zone was shifted southward. These include Central Andean pluvial events (CAPE) I (17–14.5 ka) and II (12.5–9 ka), and the Neoglacial/Formative archeological period 2500 ka to near-present.
How people appraise their government: corruption perception of police and political legitimacy in Africa
Authors: Hatungimana William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent protests against police brutality in Nigeria and the Arab Spring, which was sparked by an incident of police brutality in Tunisia, led to public demands that brought political reforms. This paper explores the question, how do citizens evaluate their government in regards to corruption? Using the Afrobarometer Wave 6 dataset, I investigate the relationship between the public's perception of police and upper-level government officials’ corruption in African countries. Due to lack of transparency, the public has no direct information from upper-level bureaucracy but can evaluate corruption of upper-level government officials through direct experience with police. My finding demonstrates that regardless of regime type, the corruption perception of police influences the corruption perception of upper-level government officials. The public cues to evaluate their government quality are likely derived from interactions with police. Therefore corruption perception of police can affect government legitimacy.