bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ cryo-electron tomography reveals the asymmetric architecture of mammalian sperm axonemes
Authors: Chen Zhen , Greenan Garrett A. , Shiozaki Momoko , Liu Yanxin , Skinner Will M. , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhao Shumei , Yan Rui , Guo Caiying , Yu Zhiheng , Lishko Polina V. , Agard David A. , Vale Ronald D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, in contrast to the planar, symmetric beating of flagella from sea urchin sperm and unicellular organisms. The molecular basis of this difference is unclear. Here, we perform in situ cryo-electron tomography of mouse and human sperm axonemes, providing the highest resolution structural information to date. Our subtomogram averages reveal mammalian sperm- specific protein complexes within the outer microtubule doublets, the radial spokes and nexin-dynein regulatory complexes. The locations and structures of these complexes suggest potential roles in enhancing the mechanical strength of mammalian sperm axonemes and regulating dynein-based axonemal bending. Intriguingly, we find that each of the nine outer microtubule doublets is decorated with a distinct combination of sperm- specific complexes. We propose that this asymmetric distribution of proteins differentially regulates the sliding of each microtubule doublet and may underlie the asymmetric beating of mammalian sperm.
local adaptation and host specificity to copepod intermediate hosts by the Schistocephalus solidus tapeworm
Authors: Shim Kum C. , Peterson Christopher , Bolnick Daniel I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated if there was local adaptation and host specify in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus to its copepod first intermediate hosts. The tapeworm is locally adapted and host specific to its threespine stickleback second intermediate host. We exposed copepods from five lakes in Vancouver Island (BC, Canada) to local (i.e. same lake) and foreign tapeworms in a reciprocal exposure experiment. Results indicate that the tapeworm is not locally adapted to the copepods, but there was host specificity as a copepod genus was more parasitized than another genus.
Evidence of divergent selection in a parasite due to its host immunological respond
Authors: Shim Kum C. , Weber Jesse N. , den Haan Stijn , Bolnick Daniel I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated if an immunological response (i.e. fibrosis) in threespine stickleback fish can cause divergent selection in its tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. We pooled tapeworms from six populations in Vancouver Island (BC, Canada) and sequenced the whole genome of these pools. Then we used a modified Population Branch Statistics (PBS) technique based on FST comparisons to find loci under divergent selection due to fibrosis. We found at least eight loci under divergent selection in tapeworm populations caused by this strong immunological respond to infection from the fish.
cGAS/STING-DEPENDENT SENSING OF ENDOGENOUS RNA
Authors: Schumann Tina , Ramon Santiago Costas , Schubert Nadja , Mayo Mohamad Aref , Hega Melanie , Ada Servi-Remzi , Sydow Lukas , Hajikazemi Mona , Ge Yan , Badstübner Markus , Lienenklaus Stefan , Utess Barbara , Muhandes Lina , Haase Michael , Müller Luise , Schmitz Marc , Gramberg Thomas , Manel Nicolas , Zillinger Thomas , Bauer Stefan , Gerbaulet Alexander , Paeschke Katrin , Roers Axel , Behrendt Rayk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDefects in nucleic acid metabolizing enzymes lead to spontaneous but selective activation of either cGAS/STING or RIG-like receptor (RLR) signaling, causing a pathogenic type I interferon response and inflammatory diseases. In these pathophysiological conditions, cGAS-driven IFN production is linked to spontaneous DNA damage. Physiological, or tonic, IFN signaling on the other hand is essential to functionally prime nucleic acid sensing pathways. Here we show that low-level chronic DNA damage in mice lacking the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome gene SAMHD1 reduced tumor-free survival when crossed to a p53-deficient, but not to DNA mismatch repair-deficient background. Increased DNA damage did not result in higher levels of type I interferon. Instead, we found that the chronic interferon response in SAMHD1-deficient mice was driven by the MDA5/MAVS pathway but required functional priming through the cGAS/STING pathway. Our work positions cGAS/STING upstream of tonic IFN signaling and highlights an important role of the pathway in physiological and pathophysiological innate immune priming.SummaryLoss of the dNTPase and DNA repair enzyme SAMHD1 is associated with cancer and causes systemic autoimmunity. We show transformation-promoting spontaneous DNA damage and MDA5-driven but cGAS/STING-dependent chronic type I interferon production in SAMHD1-deficient mice.
Functional evolution of SARS-COV-2 Spike protein: adaptation on translation and infection via surface charge of spike protein
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Zhang Gong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe SARS-COV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19, is rapidly accumulating mutations to adapt to the hosts. We collected SARS-COV-2 sequence data from the end of 2019 to April 2022 to analyze for their evolutionary features during the pandemic. We found that most of the SARS-COV-2 genes are undergoing negative purifying selection, while the spike protein gene (S-gene) is undergoing rapid positive selection. From the original strain to the alpha, delta and omicron variant types, the Ka/Ks of the S-gene increases, while the Ka/Ks within one variant type decreases over time. During the evolution, the codon usage did not evolve towards optimal translation and protein expression. In contrast, only S-gene mutations showed a remarkable trend on accumulating more positive charges. This facilitates the infection via binding human ACE2 for cell entry and binding furin for cleavage. Such a functional evolution emphasizes the survival strategy of SARS-COV-2, and indicated new druggable target to contain the viral infection. The nearly fully positively-charged interaction surfaces indicated that the infectivity of SARS-COV-2 virus may approach a limit.
Lung macrophages utilize unique cathepsin K-dependent phagosomal machinery to degrade intracellular collagen
Authors: Fabrik Ivo , Bilkei-Gorzo Orsolya , Fabrikova Daniela , Öberg Maria , Fuchs Johannes , Sihlbom Carina , Göransson Melker , Härtlova Anetta 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTResident tissue macrophages (RTMs) are organ-specialized phagocytes responsible for the maintenance and protection of tissue homeostasis. It is well established that tissue diversity is reflected by the heterogeneity of RTMs origin and phenotype. However, much less is known about tissue-specific phagocytic and proteolytic macrophage functions. Here, using quantitative proteomics approach, we identify cathepsins as key determinants of phagosome maturation in primary peritoneal, lung and brain resident macrophages. The data further uncover cathepsin K (CtsK) as a molecular marker for lung phagosomes required for intracellular protein and collagen degradation. Pharmacological blockade of CtsK activity diminished phagosomal proteolysis and collagenolysis in lung resident macrophages. Furthermore, pro-fibrotic TGF-β negatively regulated CtsK-mediated phagosomal collagen degradation independently from classical endocytic proteolytic pathways. In humans, phagosomal CtsK activity was reduced in COPD lung macrophages and non-COPD lung macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive map of how peritoneal, lung and brain tissue environment shapes phagosomal composition, revealing CtsK as a key molecular determinant of lung phagosomes contributing to phagocytic collagen clearance in lungs.
Information integration for nutritional decision-making in desert locusts
Authors: Günzel Yannick , Oberhauser Felix B. , Couzin-Fuchs Einat 
Published: May 2022

1AbstractSwarms of the migratory desert locust can extend over several hundred square kilometres, and starvation compels this ancient pest to devour everything in its path. Theory suggests that gregarious behaviour benefits foraging efficiency over a wide range of spatial food distributions. However, despite the importance of identifying the processes by which swarms locate and select feeding sites to predict their progression, the role of social cohesion during foraging remains elusive. We investigated the evidence accumulation and information integration processes that underlie locusts’ nutritional decision-making by employing a Bayesian formalism on high-resolution tracking data from foraging locusts. We tested individual gregarious animals and groups of different sizes in a 2-choice behavioural assay in which food patch qualities were either different or similar. We then predicted the decisions of individual locusts based on personally acquired and socially derived evidence by disentangling the relative contributions of each information class. Our study suggests that locusts balance incongruent evidence but reinforce congruent ones, resulting in more confident assessments when evidence aligns. We provide new insights into the interplay between personal experience and social context in locust foraging decisions which constitute a powerful empirical system to study local individual decisions and their consequent collective dynamics.
nnSVG for the scalable identification of spatially variable genes using nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes
Authors: Weber Lukas M. , Saha Arkajyoti , Datta Abhirup , Hansen Kasper D. , Hicks Stephanie C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFeature selection to identify spatially variable genes or other biologically informative genes is a key step during analyses of spatially-resolved transcriptomics data. Here, we propose nnSVG, a scalable approach to identify spatially variable genes based on nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes. Our method (i) identifies genes that vary in expression continuously across the entire tissue or withina prioridefined spatial domains, (ii) uses gene-specific estimates of length scale parameters within the Gaussian process models, and (iii) scales linearly with the number of spatial locations. We demonstrate the performance of our method using experimental data from several technological platforms and simulations. A software implementation is available athttps://bioconductor.org/packages/nnSVG.
Understanding the perception of edible insects
Authors: Cunha Christiano França da , Silva Maurilio Barbosa de Oliveira da , Cheung Thelma Lucchese 
Published: May 2022

PurposeEdible insects are increasingly recognized as great food resources of the future. Entomophagy, the practice of eating insects, has a predicted market by 2030 of nearly $8 billion. But this market could grow even more with the acceptance of insects as food by Western consumers, as an alternative to conventional protein sources. In this context, the authors aim to collect and analyze information about consumers' perception of insects as food in Brazil, through the word association task.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 751 participants agreed to complete the word association task in relation to entomophagy through an online questionnaire. They had to write down the first five words or terms that came to their minds when they thought of eating insects.FindingsIndividual mentions were categorized according to their similarities and/or proximity. Based on this grouping the authors identified six dimensions, with emphasis on “hedonic attitudes and feelings”, “cultural aspects” and “exotic”. The study concludes that Brazilians see insect consumption as belonging to another culture, not Western.Originality/valueFew studies have explored the association of words in relation to entomophagy, especially in Brazil. This article aims to fill this gap, using this methodology applied to the Brazilian public.
Transformational leadership, job performance, self-efficacy, and leader support: testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Sürücü Lütfi , Maslakçi Ahmet , Sesen Harun 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis article aims to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance on the basis of social exchange theory and perceived organizational support theory. The article also attempts to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderated mediation role of leader support in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, a self-report survey was collected from 524 employees and Process Macro to SPSS-23 was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe article found that transformational leadership has a positive effect on job performance and that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in this relationship. The article also determined that leader support has a moderated mediation role on the effect of transformational leadership on job performance through self-efficacy.Originality/valueThe research findings broaden the existing literature on transformational leadership and job performance by proposing an alternative model of how and under what conditions transformational leadership can affect job performance, and enrich the understanding of the conditions in which transformational leadership affects job performance. Although previous research provides a theoretical framework that connects the variables included in the research, there is no study in the literature that empirically confirms the proposed model. Thus, the authors' research is a pioneering attempt to test that relationship.
CEO facial trustworthiness and corporate governance
Authors: Bi Wenjie , Wang Yujie , Xiang Yi , Zhang Feida 
Published: May 2022

PurposeIn this paper the authors aim to argue that the existence of a strong corporate governance mechanism (a formal credibility-enhancing mechanism) and the presence of a more trustworthy-looking CEO (an informal credibility-enhancing mechanism) are substitutes.Design/methodology/approachBy using machine-learning-based facial-feature-point detection technique, the authors construct a proprietary facial-trustworthiness database for a large-scale of CEOs in the US listed companies. First, the authors manually search for qualifying CEO image from websites and annual reports. Second, by following the neuroscience and psychology literature, the authors use the machine-learning-based face detector to identify the facial features in the CEO photos to calculate a rich and reliable set of facial-trustworthiness measures. The authors then construct a composite facial-trustworthiness index for each CEO. After obtaining accounting data, the authors’ final sample comprises 16,201 firm-year observations for 3,186 CEOs in the sample period of 2000-2018.FindingsThe results of the authors’ regression analyses show a negative association between board monitoring intensity and CEOs' facial trustworthiness, indicating that board directors may factor CEOs' facial trustworthiness into their monitoring decisions. Moreover, the authors find that these results are mainly driven by CEOs whose tenure is below the third quartile (i.e. eight years). The authors further find stronger results for externally hired CEOs than internally promoted CEOs. Finally, the authors’ results remain robust when using change models or subsample of CEO photos in recent years.Originality/valueFirst, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that adopts a large sample to provide systematic evidence on the directors' use of facial trustworthiness. This study extends the literature by documenting the impacts of CEOs' individual characteristics on the board monitoring intensity. Second, the results of this study emphasized the important role of perceptions based on executives' facial appearance in firm valuation, executive compensation and audit fee, and by presenting empirical evidence that CEOs' facial trustworthiness affects board monitoring intensity. Third, this study responds to the call for research on personalized trust by Hsiehet al.(2020).
Public procurement as an attractive customer: a supplier perspective
Authors: Karttunen Elina , Matela Mika , Hallikas Jukka , Immonen Mika 
Published: May 2022

PurposeBuyer–supplier relationships in public procurement have garnered increasing attention in research, yet studies on the perspective of suppliers on public procurement have remained limited. This research takes the perspective of suppliers and aims to investigate the innovativeness of suppliers and the impact of supply chain ambidexterity strategies on their perceptions about public procurement in terms of innovation enablers and customer attractiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis research draws from a survey of 137 suppliers to the public sector in Finland and applies PLS-path modeling to test its hypotheses.FindingsThe findings reveal that the ambidexterity strategy of suppliers in the supply chain influences how they perceive the innovation enablers and customer attractiveness of public organizations since processes of public procurement do not support these strategies fully. Supplier innovativeness has an influence on the perceived innovation enablers of public procurement, which, in turn, influences customer attractiveness.Practical implicationsThe innovativeness and strategies of suppliers for the supply chain have an impact on how attractive they perceive public procurement. The findings of this research provide insights on why the customer attractiveness of public procurement may not be high enough to secure the competition in their bidding processes.Originality/valueThe study’s contribution adds to the field of buyer–supplier relationships and customer attractiveness in public procurement by showing the importance of innovation enablers and highlighting the impact of supplier's ambidexterity in the supply chain on their perceptions about public procurement.
The impact of research and development expenditure on firm performance and firm value: evidence from a South Asian emerging economy
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Howlader Md. Shuvo 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe main purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditure on firm performance and firm value in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, firm performance is examined by firm financial performance (return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE)) and market performance (Tobin's Q (TBQ)). This study conducted a multivariate analysis on the sampled data using pooled ordinary least square (OLS) regression method. In addition, both the level and lagged models have been used to test hypothesis in order to get the results.FindingsAll the empirical results from different models found significant and positive association of R&D expenditure with firm performance and firm value. The study also validates that all results are robust and free from outliers and multicollinearity issues.Research limitations/implicationsMost of the studies regarding the R&D expenditure and its impact were conducted on developed countries addressing only firm performance. Whereby, this study examined the impact of R&D expenditure on both firm's financial performance and market performance as well as firm value in the context of an emerging economy.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the study will enable the entrepreneurs, managers, investors and policymakers with more confidence to invest in R&D expenditure that will also ensure the organizational sustainability in the long run.Originality/valueMost of the prior studies regarding the R&D expenditure and its impact were conducted on developed countries addressing only firm performance. Herein, both firm's financial performance and market performance along with firm value have been analyzed in the context of an emerging economy. This paper is unique empirical research study due to different institutional and regulatory setting as well as corporate characteristics. This study strongly advocates the organizational learning theory, agency theory and resource-based view theory of firms' allocation of funds for future growth and innovation.
Teaching sustainable development: an approach to rapidly introducing the UN sustainable development goals into an undergraduate business curriculum
Authors: Collier Elizabeth , Odell Kathleen E. , Rosenbloom Alfred 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine whether an undergraduate business program that rapidly introduced sustainable development into its curriculum, without an overall curriculum revision, was effective in terms of student engagement with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and what factors were most important for deepening student interest.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a pre-test/post-test design at one academic institution, in several different core courses, offered multiple times over three years, to assess the effectiveness of the curriculum approach taken.

Findings
Including a significant, SDG-focused assignment in an existing business course increased student learning about the SDGs, student curiosity about the SDGs and students’ feelings of competence to advance the SDGs after graduation. Having a faculty member who can make a strong business case for the SDGs increased student commitment to the goals. These positive outcomes were consistent across business school majors and were not specific to particular courses or faculty.

Research limitations/implications
Data in this study were collected at the course level and did not contain information to identify unique students across the pre- and post-tests. Given the long timeline for curriculum change at the institutional level, these findings provide a way forward for business schools and business school faculty who desire to react quickly to bring these topics into management education.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use survey data collected over multiple semesters to test whether course-level interventions increase student engagement and interest in the SDGs.
From texts to contexts: the relevance of digital ethnography in a Foucauldian discourse analysis of online gender talk in Kerala
Authors: Varghese Daigy , Ranganathan Shubha 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to foreground the importance of context in discourse analysis by drawing on a study of online gender talk on Facebook in India.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA), this study explored participants’ use of language to construct and perform various identities in online gender talk. This study discusses the methods used and challenges in analyzing digital spaces through FDA, focusing specifically on the importance of an ethnographic perspective to contextualize online talk.

Findings
Engagement with the larger socio-cultural context of the subject of study through various data collection methods enhanced our understanding of the contexts behind text. It helped the authors to explore the data from multiple directions from a Foucauldian framework. This study found that people constructed a “progressive” identity when talking about gender on Facebook.

Originality/value
There are very few studies combining discourse analysis and digital ethnography and this paper seeks to do that. Digital ethnography helps to look beyond the text and locate text in the larger socio-cultural context. To emphasize the importance of context in discourse analysis, this study engages with both online and offline data as online talk is connected with offline contexts in many significant ways. In this paper, the authors provide a description on various methodological steps used to collect and analyze online data using FDA.