bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic contribution of CaV3.2 calcium channels to trigeminal neuralgia pathophysiology not clarified
Authors: Liedtke Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare, yet debilitating trigeminal pain disorder, with jolts of supramaximal-debilitating pain in one or more of the three trigeminal branches. Familial TN is now recognized, with a recent report describing several human genetic polymorphisms. One affected gene is the voltage-gated calcium channel, CaV3.2 (CACNA1H), with 19 polymorphisms first described. A recent study in PAIN by Gambeta-et-al (DOI:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002651) is entitled "CaV3.2 calcium channels contribute to trigeminal neuralgia ". Here, I call into question their claim. My main arguments are 1)-3): 1) Gambeta-et-al studied 4/19 mutations reported in heterologous cellular expression, with two mutations showing gain-of-function of CaV3.2, two mutations not showing gain-of-function. Therefore the exemplary picks of familial TN-associated CaV3.2 mutations do not show a uniform change of channel function, such as gain-of-function. 2) In Gambeta-et-al, one gain-of-function mutation, CaV3.2(G563R) was directed to mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, and their resulting hyperexcitability was demonstrated. A critical control of a non-gain-of-function channel was not included here, it was unclear whether neurons were separated by sex, and human sensory neurons were not used. Importantly, it is not clear that TG neurons are the critical cellular site of CaV3.2 mutations. 3) Gambeta-et-al used CaV3.2-/- pan-null knockout mice. Human TN-associated CaV3.2 mutations were not over-expressed. They used a infraorbital nerve constriction injury and measured facial heat hyperalgesia. CaV3.2-/- show a pain phenotype similar to control, yet are not affected by a CaV3-inhibitory compound, Z944. My argument is that when starting with TN-associated human mutations, use of a trigeminal neuropathic pain model is of limited value, and that human mutations have to be expressed against a mouse null background. Re thermal cue, Gambeta-et-al failed to study cold-evoked pain which is a TN clinical hallmark. Thus, Gambeta-et-al's 2022 PAIN-paper offers little new mechanistic evidence why CaV3.2 polymorphisms are associated with trigeminal neuralgia.
Hedge Funds and Public Information Acquisition
Authors: Crane Alan , Crotty Kevin , Umar Tarik 
Published: June 2022

Hedge funds actively acquire publicly available financial disclosures. Funds acquiring such information subsequently earn 1.5% higher annualized abnormal returns than nonacquirers. Trades by the same fund in the same quarter are more profitable when accompanied by public information acquisition. Acquiring public filings is relatively less profitable when macrouncertainty is high. Funds employ a wide range of strategies for acquiring public filings. Those that systematically scrape large volumes of information, specialize in certain filing types, acquire filings with more content changes, or access information immediately outperform other funds. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4466 .
Towards a better understanding of intimate partner violence in Cote d'Ivoire for policy interventions
Authors: Akani Bangaman Christian , Fang Xiangming , Dube Shanta R , Brown-Duggan Colvette , Ano Marie-Noelle , Christiane Djoman , Konan Loukou Gilbert , Douba Alfred , Aka Nicaise Lepri , Acray-Zengbe Petronille 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Intimate partner violence is a critical and global public health issue affecting many women, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies from sub-Saharan African nations both during and post-conflict reveal an increasing risk of violence against women. Cote d'Ivoire is a West African nation that encountered multiple conflicts from 2002–2011. This study aimed at examining the underlying factors influencing violence against women in a post-conflict context. Methods A study was conducted using the cross-sectional survey data from the 2012 Cote d'Ivoire Demographic Health Survey. The outcome variable was any intimate partner violence. The predictor variables were sociodemographic characteristics of women, economic opportunities and partner-related characteristics. Three multivariate logistic regression models were performed, and odds ratios with a confidence interval of 95% were estimated. Results Just over 30% of respondents in the sample (3500) had experienced intimate partner violence. Respondents' age, religion, wealth index, residency and region were significantly related to violence. A partner's education level, alcohol consumption and polygamy status were also significantly associated with intimate partner violence. However, the results also indicated that women's level of education, occupation and decision-making on large purchases were not associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions In Cote d'Ivoire, policymakers should consider risk factors for intimate partner violence and design interventions based on the ecological model to prevent it.
Role of community health volunteers in education and promotion of birth preparedness to support maternal healthcare services in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya
Authors: Mijwanga Samuel O , Cheptum Joyce J 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Community health volunteers are used in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries around the world, based on the idea of task-shifting. Task-shifting is a strategy for making efficient use of human resources, addressing the health worker shortage and increasing universal access to healthcare. This strategy has been adopted in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya to provide healthcare services to refugees. The role of community health volunteers in maternal healthcare in the refugee camp has not been clearly described. This study aimed to determine the roles of community health volunteers in providing maternal education and promoting birth preparedness in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya. Methods This mixed-method descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the IFO-1 camp, in the Dadaab refugee complex. Simple random and purposive sampling were used to recruit 74 community health volunteers and five key informants (sector heads of department working with community health volunteers) respectively. The participants were interviewed using questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data were analysed descriptively and thematically. Results The community health volunteers provided education services: maternal education was provided by 93% of the community health volunteers who participated in the study. All respondents engaged women and families in birth preparations and conducted home visits, with 66 (89%) community health volunteers conducting more than two antenatal care home visits per client and assessing birth preparedness levels. However, there were variations in training on maternal healthcare and birth preparation information, with 21 (28%) of the community health volunteers having no training at all. Conclusions Despite a lack of training, community health volunteers played a significant role in supporting the provision of maternal health services in the Dadaab refugee camp through health education and promotion of birth preparedness. Community health volunteers need training on maternal healthcare to strengthen community maternal health education and birth preparedness.
Deterministic measurement of a Rydberg superatom qubit via cavity-enhanced single-photon emission
Authors: Yang Chao-Wei , Li Jun , Zhou Ming-Ti , Jiang Xiao , Bao Xiao-Hui , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: June 2022

With Rydberg dipole interactions, a mesoscopic atomic ensemble becomes a superatom that behaves like a single atom but couples collectively with photons. It is potentially a strong candidate as a qubit in quantum information science, especially for quantum networks. In this paper, we report a cavity-enhanced single-photon interface for a Rydberg superatom and demonstrate deterministic qubit readout via a photon burst. We make use of a low-finesse ring cavity to enhance the atom–photon interaction and obtain in-fiber single-photon generation efficiency of 44%. Harnessing the dipole interaction between two Rydberg levels, we may create either a sequence of multiple single photons or nothing, conditioned on an initial qubit state. We achieve a measurement fidelity of 93.0% in 4.8 µs. Our work complements the experimental toolbox of harnessing Rydberg superatoms for quantum information applications.
Transcriptomic modulation in response to an intoxication with deltamethrin in a population of Triatoma infestans with low resistance to pyrethroids
Authors: Traverso Lucila , Latorre Estivalis Jose Manuel , da Rocha Fernandes Gabriel , Fronza Georgina , Lobbia Patricia , Mougabure Cueto Gastón , Ons Sheila 
Published: June 2022

Background
Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone. The resistance to pyrethroid insecticides developed by populations of this species impairs the effectiveness of vector control campaigns in wide regions of Argentina. The study of the global transcriptomic response to pyrethroid insecticides is important to deepen the knowledge about detoxification in triatomines.

Methodology and findings
We used RNA-Seq to explore the early transcriptomic response after intoxication with deltamethrin in a population of T. infestans which presents low resistance to pyrethroids. We were able to assemble a complete transcriptome of this vector and found evidence of differentially expressed genes belonging to diverse families such as chemosensory and odorant-binding proteins, ABC transporters and heat-shock proteins. Moreover, genes related to transcription and translation, energetic metabolism and cuticle rearrangements were also modulated. Finally, we characterized the repertoire of previously uncharacterized detoxification-related gene families in T. infestans and Rhodnius prolixus.

Conclusions and significance
Our work contributes to the understanding of the detoxification response in vectors of Chagas disease. Given the absence of an annotated genome from T. infestans, the analysis presented here constitutes a resource for molecular and physiological studies in this species. The results increase the knowledge on detoxification processes in vectors of Chagas disease, and provide relevant information to explore undescribed potential insecticide resistance mechanisms in populations of these insects.
Scaling up of tsetse control to eliminate Gambian sleeping sickness in northern Uganda
Authors: Hope Andrew , Mugenyi Albert , Esterhuizen Johan , Tirados Inaki , Cunningham Lucas , Garrod Gala , Lehane Mike J. , Longbottom Joshua , Mangwiro TN Clement , Opiyo Mercy , Stanton Michelle , Torr Steve J. , Vale Glyn A. , Waiswa Charles , Selby Richard 
Published: June 2022

Background
Tsetse flies (Glossina) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense which causes Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) in Central and West Africa. Several countries use Tiny Targets, comprising insecticide-treated panels of material which attract and kill tsetse, as part of their national programmes to eliminate gHAT. We studied how the scale and arrangement of target deployment affected the efficacy of control.

Methodology and principal findings
Between 2012 and 2016, Tiny Targets were deployed biannually along the larger rivers of Arua, Maracha, Koboko and Yumbe districts in North West Uganda with the aim of reducing the abundance of tsetse to interrupt transmission. The extent of these deployments increased from ~250 km2 in 2012 to ~1600 km2 in 2015. The impact of Tiny Targets on tsetse populations was assessed by analysing catches of tsetse from a network of monitoring traps; sub-samples of captured tsetse were dissected to estimate their age and infection status. In addition, the condition of 780 targets (~195/district) was assessed for up to six months after deployment. In each district, mean daily catches of tsetse (G. fuscipes fuscipes) from monitoring traps declined significantly by >80% following the deployment of targets. The reduction was apparent for several kilometres on adjacent lengths of the same river but not in other rivers a kilometre or so away. Expansion of the operational area did not always produce higher levels of suppression or detectable change in the age structure or infection rates of the population, perhaps due to the failure to treat the smaller streams and/or invasion from adjacent untreated areas. The median effective life of a Tiny Target was 61 (41.8–80.2, 95% CI) days.

Conclusions
Scaling-up of tsetse control reduced the population of tsetse by >80% across the intervention area. Even better control might be achievable by tackling invasion of flies from infested areas within and outside the current intervention area. This might involve deploying more targets, especially along smaller rivers, and extending the effective life of Tiny Targets.
Screening PLHIV for depression using PHQs: A RCT comparing non-selective with selective screening strategy within a primary health care facility in Uganda
Authors: Okimat Paul , Akena Dickens , Opio Denis , Mutabazi Tobius , Sendaula Emmanuel , Semitala Fred C. , Kalyango Joan N. , Karamagi Charles A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Depression is rarely screened for among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) although it is 2 to 3 times more prevalent among PLHIV than in the general population. In instances where depression is screened for using screening tools, it usually follows noticing depression risk factors. This practice of selectively screening for depression could be leaving some cases of depression unattended to. On the other hand, subjecting every client to screening tools (non-selective screening) offers every patient an opportunity to be managed for depression. However, this could require additional resources as compared to selective screening. We present and discuss results on whether non-selective and selective screening strategies differ in depression case detection, and in addition, we also present perceptions of the stake holders on the two screening strategies.

Methods
The study was conducted in Princess Diana Memorial Health Centre IV HIV clinic using a randomized controlled trial with a qualitative component. To determine whether there was a difference in depression case detection, consecutively sampled participants were randomly allocated to either non-selective or selective screening strategy. Participants allocated to selective screening were screened for depression using the patient health questionnaire (s) (PHQs) if they were at “crisis points”. While those allocated to non-selective screening were screened regardless of whether the “crisis points” were noticed or not. The PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were used in sequence. 326 PLHIV participated in the study. Outcomes of the MINI evaluation were analyzed for those with PHQ-9 scores of 10 or more to confirm major depressive disorder (MDD). Data was analyzed using the two sample Z-test for proportions with Stata 2013 software. To explore the perceptions of the stake holders, key informant interviews were performed with six stakeholders that experienced the study.

Results
Cases of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) were more likely to be detected by the non-selective screening strategy 30.2% (49/162) compared to the selective screening strategy 19.5% (32/164) (difference in proportions 0.107, 95% confidence interval 0.014–0.200, Cohen’s h = 0.25, P = 0.03). The stake holders thought it was important to screen for depression among PLHIV with preference to non-selective screening strategy.

Conclusion
Evidence from this data suggests that more cases of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) are likely to be detected with non-selective screening as opposed to selective screening.

Trial registration
PACTR201802003141213 (name: comparison of routine versus selective screening for depression strategies among PLHIV attending Princess Diana Memorial Health Centre iv Soroti).
What effect have NHS commissioners’ policies for body mass index had on access to knee replacement surgery in England?: An interrupted time series analysis from the National Joint Registry
Authors: McLaughlin Joanna , Kipping Ruth , Owen-Smith Amanda , McLeod Hugh , Hawley Samuel , Wilkinson J Mark , Judge Andrew 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To assess the impact of local commissioners’ policies for body mass index on access to knee replacement surgery in England.

Methods
A Natural Experimental Study using interrupted time series and difference-in-differences analysis. We used National Joint Registry for England data linked to the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation for 481,555 patients who had primary knee replacement surgery in England between January 2009 and December 2019. Clinical Commissioning Group policies introduced before June 2018 to alter access to knee replacement for patients who were overweight or obese were considered the intervention. The main outcome measures were rate per 100,000 of primary knee replacement surgery and patient demographics (body mass index, Index of Multiple Deprivation, independently-funded surgery) over time.

Results
Rates of surgery had a sustained fall after the introduction of a policy (trend change of -0.98 operations per 100,000 population aged 40+, 95% confidence interval -1.22 to -0.74, P<0.001), whereas rates increased in localities with no policy introduction. At three years after introduction, there were 10.5 per 100,000 population fewer operations per quarter aged 40+ compared to the counterfactual, representing a fall of 14.1% from the rate expected had there been no change in trend. There was no dose response effect with policy severity. Rates of surgery fell in all patient groups, including non-obese patients following policy introduction. The proportion of independently-funded operations increased after policy introduction, as did the measure of socioeconomic deprivation of patients.

Conclusions
Body mass index policy introduction was associated with decreases in the rates of knee replacement surgery across localities that introduced policies. This affected all patient groups, not just obese patients at whom the policies were targeted. Changes in patient demographics seen after policy introduction suggest these policies may increase health inequalities and further qualitative research is needed to understand their implementation and impact.
Relationship between outpatients’ sociodemographic and belief characteristics and their healthcare-seeking behavioral decision-making: Evidence from Jiaxing city, China
Authors: Yu Mingming , Yang Zan , Jiang Cheng , Shi Lemin 
Published: June 2022

Background
China established the Tiered-network Healthcare Delivery System (THDS) in 2015 to address the disproportionate number of patients attending tertiary hospitals relative to primary- or secondary-care institutions. Although the reported number of outpatients visiting tertiary hospitals is slowly decreasing, numerous patients choose to visit them regardless of their disease’s severity. To effectively implement the THDS, this article explored the relationship between patients’ sociodemographic and belief characteristics and their healthcare-seeking behavioral decision-making in China.

Methods
Data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed using decision tree and logistic regression models to explore outpatients’ characteristics and medical decision-making using comprehensive feature data. Moreover, further statistical analyses were conducted on the outpatient data obtained from the regional population health platform in Jiaxing, China.

Results
The decision tree model revealed that whether outpatients have medical insurance is the primary factor guiding their healthcare-seeking behaviors, with those without medical insurance more likely to choose primary or secondary hospitals to treat minor diseases. For those with medical insurance, profession is the main factor, with industrial workers more inclined to choose primary or secondary hospitals for minor diseases. The logistic regression analyses revealed that outpatients without insurance and who were not freelancers or individual owners were more likely to choose primary or secondary hospitals for minor diseases. Further statistical analysis of the data from the Jiaxing population health platform showed that, for minor or general diseases, outpatients without medical insurance and employed as farmers tended to choose primary and secondary hospitals over tertiary hospitals.

Conclusion
The three analyses yielded consistent results: in China, medical insurance and patients’ profession are the most important factors guiding outpatients’ healthcare-seeking behaviors. Accordingly, we propose that the government should focus on economic reforms to increase outpatients’ visits to primary and secondary hospitals and diagnosis-related groups’ payment of medical insurance to decrease the admittance of patients with minor diseases in large tertiary hospitals. Meanwhile, the government should correct patients’ belief prejudice about selecting hospitals through corresponding publicity.
Binary cutpoint and the combined effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on cardiovascular disease mortality: A community-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Ju-Yeun , Hong Ji Hoon , Lee Sangjun , An Seokyung , Shin Aesun , Park Sue K. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death according to blood pressure levels and systolic and/or diastolic hypertension.

Methods
From 20,636 cohort participants, 14,375 patients were enrolled after patients with prior hypertension on antihypertensive drugs were excluded. For the combination analysis, participants were divided into four groups (systolic/diastolic hypertension, systolic hypertension only, diastolic hypertension only, and non-hypertension). The risk of CV death was calculated using the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in a Cox regression model.

Results
The risk of CVD death increased in systolic hypertension (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.26–2.00) and systolic/diastolic hypertension (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.51–2.25). The highest risks of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were observed in the diastolic hypertension (HR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.40–12.06) and systolic/diastolic hypertension groups (HR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.92–3.50), respectively. The risk of CVD death was drastically increased in those with SBP≥120 mmHg/DBP≥80 mmHg. The highest risk was observed in those with SBP of 130–131 mmHg and 134–137 mmHg.

Conclusion
The combined analysis of systolic and/or diastolic hypertension appears to be a good predictor of CVD death. The risk of CVD death in the prehypertensive group could be carefully monitored as well as in the hypertensive group, presumably due to less attention and the lack of antihypertensive treatment.