bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline structure, oxygen defects and textural properties of the CeO2/SBA-15 nanomaterials
Authors: González Julio , Chen Lifang , Wang Jin An 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, a series of CeO2/SBA-15 nanomaterials were synthesized by varying the CeO2 content. These materials were characterized by different techniques to determine their textural, surface chemical and crystalline properties. Crystallite size and oxygen defects were determined by Microanalysis Using X-Ray Diffraction (MAUD) software based on the Rietveld refinement method. The results showed that the crystallite size slightly increased from 5.6 to 8.4 nm and the surface area decreased from 620 to 370 m2/g as CeO2 content increased from 5 to 10, 15 to 20wt%. The oxygen occupancy that was associated with oxygen defects was found in the crystalline structure of CeO2. The defect concentration was between 6.18 and 14.42%, depending on the ceria content and dispersion. This study confirmed that the CeO2/SBA-15 nanomaterials have larger surface area, highly dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles, and a big number of oxygen defects in the crystalline structure, which can be used in different catalytic reactions.
Adsorption of NO and NO2 on a M-doped graphene+ semifullerene (C30) surface (M= Ti, Pt, Li): a DFT study
Authors: Delgado-Jimenez N , Canales-Lizaola M , Ramirez-De-Arellano J M , Magana L F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to explore the adsorption of NO, and NO2 molecules on a carbon nanostructure formed by an hexagonal semi-fullerene (C30) chemisorbed in a graphene layer doped with titanium, platinum or lithium. The NO molecule is chemisorbed for the Pt-doped system, with an adsorption energy of -4.28 eV. For the Ti-doped system, the NO molecule is physisorbed, with an energy of -0.401 eV. Finally, we found that the NO
2 molecule is physisorbed by the Li-doped system, with an adsorption energy of -0.163 eV.
Effect of the mass of the load and slope of the road on fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions for a heavy-duty pickup
Authors: Dominguez Perez D N , Dominguez Vergara N , Pantoja Gallegos J L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions (CO
2) of a heavy duty pickup moving in a driving cycle is calculated using the sofware UAMmero. The driving cycle consists of three parts: in the first part the vehicle is simulated to travel in an urban region in which the speed changes constantly, in the second part the simulated vehicle travels in a highway with a cruise speed of 88.514 kilometers/hour and in the third part the simulated vehicle travels at a cruise speed of 104.607 kilometers per hour. Results for the fuel economy and CO
2 emissions for a 4.407 ton, six gear transmission, 200 horse power diesel engine heavy Duty pickup are presented for different masses of the loads and slopes of the road. These results are part of a study to propose a method to certify heavy duty vehicles for fuel economy and CO
2 emissions in Mexico.
Mutual information analysis between NO2 and O3 pollutants measured in Mexico City before and during 2020 Covid-19 pandemic year
Authors: Ramírez-Rojas A , Cárdenas-Moreno P R , Vargas C A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The estimation of statistical dependence between two variables monitored simultaneously, which can come from a complex system, is an important task because allows identify temporal correlations between the components that are involved in the dynamical evolution of the studied system. In many areas of study, like environmental sciences, there are many problems associated with atmospheric pollution, weather, greenhouse effect or climatic change, among others, that remain open today. In general, the variables of complex systems are often linked through nonlinear relations which involve stochastic processes. In order to assessment correlations between random variables, the suitable measure employed to quantify the dependency is the mutual information (MI). In this work we perform a preliminary analysis of temporal dependence between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) monitored in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the years 2015, 2018 and 2020 being the last the Covid-19 pandemic year. The interest of this study is because NO2 is emitted in large volumes by cars, trucks and industries and O3 is a product from NO2. The aim is to estimate the global correlation between both gases by means the mutual information in three different conditions.
Propagation of Type II spicules into the solar corona I. A Thermomechanical toy model (Plasma rise phase)
Authors: Díaz-Figueroa E. E. , González-Avilés J. J. , Ares de Parga G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the propagation of jets with some characteristics of Type II spicules into the solar corona using a thermomechanical (TM) approximation. Embedding two plasmas with different densities (one representing the chromospheric plasma and the other the coronal plasma) in cylindrical sections, we use iterative processes to calculate the final temperatures due to the mixture between both plasmas. The resulting process dissipates heat that could represent a potential source of the solar corona’s high temperatures (106 K).
Propagation of Type II spicules into the solar corona II. A Thermomechanical toy model (Plasma escape and descent phase)
Authors: Díaz-Figueroa E. E. , González-Avilés J. J. , de Parga G. Ares 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper studies Phases 2 and 3 of jets’ propagation with some Type II spicules characteristics into the solar corona using a thermomechanical (TM) approximation. Embedding two plasmas with different densities (one representing the chromospheric plasma and the other the coronal plasma) in cylindrical sections, we use iterative processes to calculate the final temperatures due to the mixture between both plasmas. The heating process produced by phase 2 of descent and phase 3, which corresponds to plasma not trapped, could represent a source that maintains the current temperature of the low corona.
Gender Discrimination towards Female Arab Teenagers in Israel and Their Involvement in Severe Violence: The Mediating Role of Closeness to Parents
Authors: Jeries-Loulou Lana J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The field of antisocial behaviour has been systematically ignoring women, particularly from ethnic minorities, probably because they occupy a lower position in society. Based on intersectionality theory, the current study examined perceptions of being discriminated against as a result of being a female in a conservative society, which restricts familial support, and the contribution of such discrimination towards violence against others amongst female Arab adolescents. The present study is based on a sample of 404 Arab female adolescents and young women (aged 12–21 years) in Israel. Participants completed a structured, anonymous self-report questionnaire. The results showed that perpetration of severe violence by female participants was correlated significantly and positively with affiliation with delinquent peers, perceived ethnonational discrimination and sexual victimisation. Conversely, closeness to parents was significantly and negatively correlated with perpetration of severe violence by female participants. The findings also showed that the association between gender discrimination and severe physical violence was mediated by closeness to parents. The findings suggest that traditional patriarchal attitudes towards gender roles might be a risk factor for antisocial behaviour and involvement in delinquency. They also highlight the critical role of parental factors in mediating violent behaviours amongst female adolescents experiencing gender discrimination in a patriarchal society.
MNK1/2 contributes to periorbital hypersensitivity and hyperalgesic priming in preclinical migraine models
Authors: Lackovic Jacob , Price Theodore J , Dussor Gregory 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Migraine is thought to involve sensitization of the trigeminal nociceptive system. In preclinical pain models, activation of MNK-eIF4E signalling contributes to nociceptor sensitization and the development of persistent pain. Despite these observations, the role of MNK signalling in migraine remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether activation of MNK contributes to hypersensitivity in two rodent models of migraine. Female and male wild-type (WT) and MNK1 knock-out mice were subjected to repeated restraint stress or a dural injection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tested for periorbital hypersensitivity and grimacing. Upon returning to baseline thresholds, stressed mice were administered a low dose of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside and mice previously injected with IL-6 were given a second dural injection of pH 7.0 to test for hyperalgesic priming.
MNK1 knock-out mice were significantly less hypersensitive than the WT following dural IL-6 and did not prime to pH 7.0 or sodium nitroprusside. Furthermore, treatment with the selective MNK inhibitor, eFT508, in WT mice prevented hypersensitivity caused by dural IL-6 or pH 7.0. Together, these results implicate MNK-eIF4E signalling in the development of pain originating from the dura and strongly suggest that targeting MNK inhibition may have significant therapeutic potential as a treatment for migraine.
The genetic landscape of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Kuwait
Authors: Ali Hamad , Naim Medhat , Senum Sarah R , AlSahow Ali , Bahbahani Yousif , Abu-Farha Mohamed , Abubaker Jehad , Mohammad Anwar , Al-Hunayan Adel , Asbeutah Akram M , Zayed Mohamed , Devarajan Sriraman , Hussain Naser , John Sumi Elsa , Channanath Arshad , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Al-Ali Mohammad , AlMousawi Mustafa , Al-Mulla Fahd , Harris Peter C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common renal monogenic disease, characterized by bilateral accumulation of renal fluid-filled cysts leading to progressive renal volume enlargement and gradual impairment of kidney function, often resulting in end-stage renal disease. Kuwait could provide valuable genetic insights about ADPKD, including intrafamilial phenotypic variation, given its large household size. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the pathogenic variants linked to ADPKD in the Kuwaiti population using multiple genetic analysis modalities and to describe and analyse the ADPKD phenotypic spectrum in terms of kidney function, kidney volume and renal survival.

Methods
A total of 126 ADPKD patients from 11 multiplex families and 25 singletons were recruited into the study. A combination of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), long-range polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were utilized for genetic diagnosis. Clinical evaluation was conducted through renal function testing and ultrasonographic kidney volume analysis.

Results
We identified 29 ADPKD pathogenic mutations from 36 families achieving an overall molecular genetic diagnostic rate of 112/126 (88.9%), including 29/36 (80.6%) in families. A total of 28/36 (77.8%) families had pathogenic mutations in PKD1, of which 17/28 (60.7%) were truncating, and 1/36 (2.8%) had a pathogenic variant in the IFT140 gene. A total of 20/29 (69%) of the identified ADPKD mutations were novel and described for the first time, including a TSC2-PKD1 contiguous syndrome. Clinical analysis indicated that genetically unresolved ADPKD cases had no apparent association between kidney volume and age.

Conclusion
We describe for the first time the genetic landscape of ADPKD in Kuwait. The observed genetic heterogeneity underlining ADPKD along with the wide phenotypic spectrum reveal the level of complexity in disease pathophysiology. ADPKD genetic testing could improve the care of patients through improved disease prognostication, guided treatment and genetic counselling. However, to fulfil the potential of genetic testing, it is important to overcome the hurdle of genetically unresolved ADPKD cases.
Does veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient provide an adequate estimation of cardiac index in pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Siuba Matthew T , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Kirincich Jason , Perez Oscar , Flanagan Patrick , Lane James , Toth David , Paul Deborah , Lehr Carli , Duggal Abhijit , Tonelli Adriano R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) management is dependent on cardiac output (CO) assessment. The gold standard Fick method for CO and cardiac index (CI) measurement is not widely available. An accessible and reliable method for CO/CI estimation is needed not only in catheterization labs but also in other environments such as the intensive care unit, where pulmonary artery catheters are less likely to be used. We hypothesized that veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient (PvaCO2) is a reliable surrogate for Fick CI in patients with PH.

Methods and results
A single-centre retrospective analysis of patients with PH who underwent direct Fick CI (DFCI) measurement during right heart catheterization. The primary outcome was correlation between PvaCO2 and DFCI. To assess the agreement between central and mixed venous CO2 values, a separate prospective cohort of patients was analysed. Data from 186 patients with all haemodynamic types of PH were analysed. PvaCO2 moderately correlated with Fick CI, R = −0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.61, −0.39]. A higher PvaCO2 was associated with an increased risk of CI &lt; 2.5 L/min/m2 (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.55, 2.35). Low thermodilution CI with normal veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient values was associated with a thermodilution underestimation of Fick CI. In the prospective analysis of 32 patients, central venous CO2 overestimated mixed venous values (mean difference 3.3, 95% CI: 2.5, 4.0) and there was poor agreement overall (limits of agreement −1.10, 7.59).

Conclusion
Veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient moderately correlates with Fick CI and may be useful to identify patients with low CI. Central and mixed venous CO2 values should not be used interchangeably in PH.
Association between basic life support and survival in sports-related sudden cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis
Authors: Michelland Laurianne , Murad Mohammad H , Bougouin Wulfran , Van Der Broek Mark , Prokop Larry J , Anys Soraya , Perier Marie-Cécile , Cariou Alain , Empana Jean Philippe , Marijon Eloi , Jouven Xavier , Jabre Patricia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the association of basic life support with survival after sports-related sudden cardiac arrest (SR-SCA).

Methods and results
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search of several databases from each database inception to 31 July 2021 without language restrictions was conducted. Studies were considered eligible if they evaluated one of three scenarios in patients with SR-SCA: (i) bystander presence, (ii) bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or (iii) bystander automated external defibrillator (AED) use and provided information on survival. Risk of bias was evaluated using Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions. The primary outcome was survival at the longest follow up. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to rate certainty in the evidence. In total, 28 non-randomized studies were included. The meta-analysis showed significant benefit on survival in all three groups: bystander presence [odds ratio (OR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–4.37; I2 = 25%; 9 studies—988 patients], bystander CPR (OR 3.84, 95% CI 2.36–6.25; I2 = 54%; 23 studies—2523 patients), and bystander AED use (OR 5.25, 95% CI 3.58–7.70; I2 = 16%; 19 studies—1227 patients). The GRADE certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate.

Conclusion
In patients with SR-SCA, bystander presence, bystander CPR, and bystander AED use were significantly associated with survival. These results highlight the importance of witness intervention and encourage countries to develop their first aid training policy and AED installation in sport settings.
Tree detection and diameter estimation based on deep learning
Authors: Grondin Vincent , Fortin Jean-Michel , Pomerleau François , Giguère Philippe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTree perception is an essential building block toward autonomous forestry operations. Current developments generally consider input data from lidar sensors to solve forest navigation, tree detection and diameter estimation problems, whereas cameras paired with deep learning algorithms usually address species classification or forest anomaly detection. In either of these cases, data unavailability and forest diversity restrain deep learning developments for autonomous systems. Therefore, we propose two densely annotated image datasets—43 k synthetic, 100 real—for bounding box, segmentation mask and keypoint detections to assess the potential of vision-based methods. Deep neural network models trained on our datasets achieve a precision of 90.4 % for tree detection, 87.2 % for tree segmentation and centimeter accurate keypoint estimations. We measure our models’ generalizability when testing it on other forest datasets, and their scalability with different dataset sizes and architectural improvements. Overall, the experimental results offer promising avenues toward autonomous tree felling operations and other applied forestry problems. The datasets and pre-trained models in this article are publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/norlab-ulaval/PercepTreeV1).
The evolving representative elementary volume size in crystalline and granular rocks under triaxial compression approaching macroscopic failure
Authors: McBeck J A , Cordonnier B , Renard F 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
Determining the size of the representative elementary volume (REV) for properties of fracture networks, such as porosity and permeability, is critical to robust upscaling of properties measured in the laboratory to crustal systems. Although fractured and damaged rock may have higher porosity and permeability than more intact rock, and thus exert a dominant influence on fluid flow, mechanical stability and seismic properties, many of the analyses that have constrained the REV size in geological materials have used intact rock. The REV size is expected to evolve as fracture networks propagate and coalesce, particularly when fracture development becomes correlated and the growth of one fracture influences the growth of another fracture. As fractures propagate and open with increasing differential stress, the REV size may increase to accommodate the larger fractures. The REV size may also increase as a consequence of the increasing heterogeneity of the fracture network, as many smaller fractures coalesce into fewer and longer fractures, and some smaller fractures stop growing. To quantify the evolving heterogeneity of fracture networks, we track the REV size of the porosity throughout eleven triaxial compression experiments under confining stresses of 5–35 MPa. Acquiring X-ray tomography scans after each increase of differential stress provides the evolving 3-D fracture network in four rock types: Carrara marble, Westerly granite, quartz monzonite and Fontainebleau sandstone. In contrast to expectations, the REV size does not systematically increase toward macroscopic failure in all of the experiments. Only one experiment on sandstone experiences a systematic increase in REV size because this rock contains significant porosity preceding loading, and it subsequently develops a localized fracture network that spans the core. The REV size may not systematically increase in most of the experiments because the highly heterogeneous porosity distributions cause the REV to become larger than the core. Consistent with this idea, when the rock does not have a REV, the fractures tend to be longer, thicker, more volumetric, and closer together than when the rock hosts a REV. Our estimates of the REV for the porosity of the sandstone are similar to previous work: about two to four times the mean grain diameter, or 0.5–1 mm. This agreement with previous work and the &lt;15 per cent change in the REV size in two of the sandstone experiments suggests that when a system composed of sandstone does not host a localized, system-spanning fracture network, estimates of the REV derived from intact sandstone may be similar to estimates derived from damaged sandstone. Using the existing REV estimates derived from intact sandstone to simulations with more damaged crust, such as the damage zone adjacent to large crustal faults, will allow numerical models to robustly simulate increasingly complex crustal systems.
Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening components of the physical activity guidelines and mental health
Authors: Shannon Stephen , Carlin Angela , Woods Catherine , Nevill Alan M , Murphy Niamh , Murphy Marie H 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Despite a clear distinction between aerobic and muscle strengthening (MS) components in the physical activity guidelines, public health surveillance has largely focused only on aerobic components, limiting the reach of epidemiological research on the physical activity guidelines. Hence, this study investigated the association between adherence to both components (i.e. aerobic and muscle-strengthening) of the World Health Organization’s physical activity guidelines and mental health among the college student population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of Irish college students (7088 participants, M age: 23.17 years; 50.9% female). Participants were categorized as meeting both components of the guidelines (n = 41%), only the aerobic component (n = 25.3%) or the MS component (n = 7.3%), and neither (n = 26.4%). Group membership effects on mental health was determined through mixed univariate ANOVAs, with a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses to assess multiple comparisons. Results revealed that meeting both components of the guidelines was significantly (all p &lt; 0.01) associated with greater self-reported happiness, body image and general health, and less mental ill-being, relative to all other respective groupings. Meeting aerobic or MS components in isolation was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with better happiness, general health and body image compared to not meeting either component. To conclude, 59% of the college-aged population are insufficiently active, and adherence to both guideline components is positively associated with mental health. Co-produced, evidence-based, physical activity interventions are needed in students and could contribute to mental health promotion.