bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular mechanisms of weakness in a mouse model of chronic alcoholic myopathy
Authors: Moser Samantha E. , Brown Austin M. , Clark Brian C. , Arnold W. David , Baumann Cory W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWeakness is a common clinical symptom reported in individuals with chronic alcohol use disorder. However, it remains unclear whether low strength in these individuals is directly related to excessive ethanol intake, other deleterious factors (lifestyle, environment, genetics, etc.), or a combination of both. Therefore, we examined whether (and how) ethanol reduces the muscle’s force‐producing capacity using a controlled in vivo preclinical mouse model of excessive ethanol intake.MethodsTo establish whether chronic ethanol consumption causes weakness, C57BL/6 female mice consumed 20% ethanol for 40 weeks (following a 2‐week ethanol ramping period), and various measures of muscular force were quantified. Functional measures included all‐limb grip strength and in vivo contractility of the left ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Once confirmed that mice consuming ethanol were weaker than age‐matched controls, we sought to determine the potential neuromuscular mechanisms of muscle dysfunction by assessing neuromuscular excitation, muscle quantity, and muscle quality.ResultsMice consuming chronic ethanol were 13 to 16% weaker (p ≤ 0.016) than controls (i.e., mice consuming 100% water) with the negative impact of ethanol on voluntary grip strength (ƞ2 = 0.603) being slightly larger than that of electrically stimulated muscle contractility (ƞ2 = 0.482). Relative to controls, lean mass and muscle wet masses were 9 to 16% lower in ethanol‐consuming mice (p ≤ 0.048, ƞ2 ≥ 0.268). No significant changes were observed between groups for indices of neuromuscular excitation at the level of the motor unit, neuromuscular junction, or plasmalemma (p ≥ 0.259, ƞ2 ≤ 0.097), nor was muscle quality altered after 40 weeks of 20% ethanol consumption (p ≥ 0.695, ƞ2 ≤ 0.012).ConclusionsTogether, these findings establish that chronic ethanol consumption in mice induces a substantial weakness in vivo that we interpret to be primarily due to muscle atrophy (i.e., reduced muscle quantity) and possibly, to a lesser degree, loss of central neural drive.
Growth and micronutrient levels of 6–12 years‐old children with food allergies, food sensitisation, and food restrictions
Authors: Baek Ji Yun , Jin Joo Ok , Kim Ju Hee , Jee Hye Mi , Shin Youn Ho , Baek Hey Sung , Han Man Yong , Ha Eun Kyo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe investigated the association of food allergy, food sensitisation, and food restriction with growth and micronutrients levels in schoolchildren.MethodsA total of 195 schoolchildren (6–12 years old) from six elementary schools in Korea were enrolled, and questionnaires were administered to their parents during June and July 2015. Food allergy was defined by the presence of urticaria, skin rash, pruritus, throat tightness, gastrointestinal complaints, or respiratory difficulty after consumption of a food to which allergy was plausible during the past 12 months. Skin prick tests were performed and serum levels of haemoglobin and micronutrients were measured.ResultsAmong 195 participants (51.3% males) enrolled, 35 (17.9%) were reported to have food allergies, 17 (8.7%) were on food restriction, and 27 (14.0%) were sensitised to at least one food allergen. Food allergy and food restriction were associated with a lower height‐for‐age z‐score (p for trend = 0.018, p = 0.048; p for trend = 0.076, p = 0.008). Food restriction was related to reduced serum calcium level (aOR: −0.094, 95% CI: −0.156 to −0.032).ConclusionSigns and symptoms of food allergy and consequent food restrictions in children were related to lower height‐for‐age z‐score and lower serum calcium levels.
High need for intensive care in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia: A population‐based study
Authors: Ranta Susanna , Broman Lars Mikael , Abrahamsson Jonas , Karlsson Lene , Norén‐Nyström Ulrika , Palle Josefine , Svahn Johan E. , Törnudd Lisa , Heyman Mats , Harila‐Saari Arja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimRisk of treatment‐related life‐threatening toxicity is high in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and access to intensive care units (ICU) is crucial. We explored the ICU admission rate and outcome after intensive care in childhood AML in Sweden.MethodsPatients diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 were identified from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry (SCCR), a national quality registry. Data from SCCR was cross‐referenced with clinical questionnaire data from paediatric oncology centers and the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR), another national quality registry.ResultsAccording to combined data, 46% of the children (58/126) were admitted to ICU, 17% (21/126) within 1 month from diagnosis. Overall, ICU mortality per admission was 12% and 6% during first‐line treatment. There was a discrepancy between admission rate from the clinical questionnaires and SCCR (29%; 36/126 children) and SIR (44%; 55/126) All deaths during first‐line treatment occurred at or after ICU care.ConclusionAlthough admission rate under AML treatment was high, the treatment‐related mortality under first‐line treatment was low. No child died under first‐line treatment without admission to ICU, suggesting good availability. The discrepancy between the two registries, SCCR and SIR, highlights the need for future validation of registry data.
1 Exploring the Contemporary in Old Places
Authors: Taylor Evan , Sesma Elena 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThis chapter opens an analytic space to consider the resonance of “old places” in the contemporary moment through the lens of archaeology. Borrowing the term used by some of our interlocutors, old places are places that bear memory, that have accrued emotional attachment, and that intervene in the present as reminders of things that have happened before. Through these qualities, old places sustain life and relations. We adopt an expansive view of site formation processes that extends into the present and future and argue that studying contemporary site formation can unleash insights into the multi‐temporal constitution of the world we inhabit. We do not insist on a single approach to studying these processes, but rather suggest that the methodological and theoretical diversity that archaeologists and local communities bring together is key to studying and knowing old places in the present. We draw connections between a contemporary archaeology of old places and the emergent fields of contemporary archaeology and critical heritage studies, but also argue for retaining and fully incorporating the political and activist orientations of historical, feminist, African Diaspora, and Indigenous archaeologies—fields that have long centered the knowledge and concerns of contemporary communities—into this work.
Transmural healing evaluated by magnetic resonance enterography in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving maintenance treatment with biologics
Authors: Choi So Yoon , Kim Eun Sil , Jeon Tae Yeon , Lee Yoo Min , Lee So Mi , Choe Byung‐Ho , Choe Yon Ho , Kang Ben 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe optimal treatment goal in Crohn's disease (CD) is endoscopic healing (EH). However, transmural healing (TH) facilitated by the development and increasing performance of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is emerging as a potential treatment goal.AimsTo assess TH rates after 1 year of treatment by MRE and its relationship with EH in paediatric patients with CD receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, and to investigate factors associated with TH after 1 year of treatment.MethodsThis multi‐centre, prospective, observational study included Korean paediatric patients with luminal CD diagnosed at age < 19 years who were naïve to anti‐TNF treatment. They simultaneously underwent ileocolonoscopy and MRE at baseline and after 1 year of treatment with biologics.ResultsWe included 116 patients. At 1 year, EH and TH were achieved in 59.5% (69/116) and 38.8% (45/116) of the patients, respectively. Both EH and TH was observed in 35.3% (41/116), EH without TH in 24.1% (28/116), TH without EH in 3.4% (4/116), and neither EH nor TH in 37.1% (43/116). Moreover, 59.4% (41/69) of patients who achieved EH at 1 year exhibited TH, and 91.1% (41/45) of patients who achieved TH exhibited EH. Baseline MaRIA score was associated with TH according to a multivariate analysis (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p = 0.023).ConclusionTH is a more stringent goal than EH. Regular follow‐up evaluation of transmural status, and efforts to achieve TH, may alter the natural course of CD in the era of treat‐to‐target.
Identifying hate speech in societal context: When psychological factors are more important than contents
Authors: Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Mashuri Ali , Nurhamida Yuni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe tested how Muslim participants identify speeches as hate speech or not, and whether they thought an apology from the speakers is needed. In Studies 1a (N = 209) and 1b (N = 183), participants were asked about a speech delivered by a prominent ingroup figure showed that hate, meta‐hate, and collective narcissism tended to identify a prejudiced speech about outgroup members as not related to hate speech, and thus no apology is needed. Nonetheless, the resulting path was in contrast to participants who believe the outgroup nature as good. With similar predictors of Study 1, Study 2 (N = 191) showed that when participants were asked to identify a (non‐harmful) speech about ingroup delivered by a minority outgroup member, there was an opposite path compared to Study 1. Across all findings, we argue that in the real‐world setting, how a speech, with or without harmful contents, is identified depends on positive or negative views about ingroup and outgroup members by which it can dictate people's understanding and denial.
Importance of climate‐induced tree species composition changes in forecasting the amount of reachable habitat for forest birds
Authors: Lalechère Etienne , Bergès Laurent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimBird and tree species distributions will shift along with future climatic conditions through direct effects related to species responses to bioclimatic variables. In addition, tree species composition changes should indirectly drive changes in forest bird habitats. Here, we predicted the effects of climate changes on the amount of reachable habitat for forest birds and teased apart the role of the indirect effects.LocationFrance.MethodsWe projected tree and bird species distributions (2020 and 2050) using generalized additive models which accounted for climatic conditions at a large scale (France) and local environmental conditions at regional scale. The projections combined two scenarios of climate changes (RCP 2.6 and 8.5) and two scenarios of forest management (increase in either deciduous or coniferous stands). We modelled the amount of reachable habitat with landscape graphs and the equivalent connectivity index (EC) for five birds associated to the main forest types of the study area. To differentiate the sources of EC change between 2020 and 2050, we compared two future landscape graphs including only the indirect effect, or the direct and indirect effects of climate changes.ResultsFor birds with low and intermediate thermal maxima, climate‐based distributions were nearly stable over time (absence of direct effects), EC change was only attributed to indirect effects. In contrast, for bird species with high thermal maximum, EC change was mostly driven by direct effects (more favourable climatic conditions) and little by indirect effects.Main conclusionsUsing an innovative modelling framework that bind species distribution and connectivity models with climate and land use changes in forest, we showed that EC dynamics could be completely due to climate‐driven changes in tree species composition. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the indirect effects of climate changes, especially in forests where major shifts in tree species composition are expected.
Self‐determination of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Skarsaune Synne Nese 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf‐determination is a human right that people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) risk not being granted. Exploration of such topics and research in general has traditionally not included people with PIMD as sources of knowledge; rather, the perspective of others has been sought. Ethnographic methods highlighting descriptions of lived experience have been argued as a way of including such individuals, producing knowledge building on the person's perspective. Exploring the human right to be self‐determined through ethnographic approaches can bring novel ways of understanding the concept, both about how to listen and learn from such experiences, and about implications for understanding self‐determination. All people have the potential for self‐determination, by being understood through embodied communication in caring relationships. By fostering relations with people with PIMD in sensitive, ethical ways, and addressing their profound dependency, their self‐determination can be realized.What this paper adds

Attentive engagement with people with lived experience of profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can inform both researchers and clinicians on self‐determination.
Through real‐life descriptions, self‐determination is demonstrated to move beyond independence and choice‐making.
Constructive and obsessive criticism in science
Authors: Prasad Vinay , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial media and new tools for engagement offer democratic platforms for enhancing constructive scientific criticism which had previously been limited. Constructive criticism can now be massive, timely and open. However, new options have also enhanced obsessive criticism. Obsessive criticism tends to focus on one or a handful of individuals and their work, often includes ad hominem aspects, and the critics often lack field‐specific skills and technical expertise. Typical behaviours include: repetitive and persistent comments (including sealioning), lengthy commentaries/tweetorials/responses often longer than the original work, strong degree of moralizing, distortion of the underlying work, argumentum ad populum, calls to suspend/censor/retract the work or the author, guilt‐by‐association, reputational tarnishing, large gains in followers specifically through attacks, finding and positing sensitive personal information, anonymity or pseudonymity, social media campaigning, and unusual ratio of criticism to pursuit of one's research agenda. These behaviours may last months or years. Prevention and treatment options may include awareness, identifying and working around aggravating factors, placing limits on the volume by editors, constructive pairing of commissioned editorials, incorporation of some hot debates from unregulated locations such as social media or PubPeer to the pages of scientific journals, preserving decency and focusing on evidence and arguments and avoiding personal statements, or (in some cases) ignoring. We need more research on the role of social media and obsessive criticism on an evolving cancel culture, the social media credibility, the use/misuse of anonymity and pseudonymity, and whether potential interventions from universities may improve or further weaponize scientific criticism.
Comparison of student and faculty interviewers using ratings data for admissions decisions
Authors: Wen Natalie Luran , Aldosari Muath A. , Park Sang E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of cognitive and noncognitive dental school admission factors with interview ratings provided by faculty and student interviewers.MethodsInterviewees for the 2019–2021 admissions cycles underwent a 90‐minute period consisting of two 45‐min interviews and received two interview scores ranging from 1.0 to 2.3. Regression models were utilised to evaluate factors associated with interviewer type and admission status, The correlation strength between faculty and student interview scores was assessed.ResultsA total of 177 applicants were interviewed, and 69 students were admitted over two admission cycles. Admitted students received higher interview ratings compared with nonadmitted applicants after adjusting for cognitive and noncognitive admission factors (average difference = −0.068; 95% CI = −0.123, −0.014). No statistically significant relationship was found between any cognitive admissions factor and interview score. However, having prior leadership role experiences was associated with better faculty score, after adjusting for student interviewee score. There was a strong linear correlation (r = .92) between faculty and student interview scores, with 0.809 change in faculty score with each additional student interview score (95% CI = 0.735, 0.883).ConclusionThe relationship between faculty and student scores was linear and strongly correlated, suggesting that faculty and student interviewers were comparable in their interview scoring. Leadership experience and potential could be advantageous qualities that improve faculty interviewer ratings. However, having a mix of faculty and Student interviewers may promote evaluation of candidates from different aspects, as students are familiar with the learning environment in dental school and may provide a unique perspective on an applicant's background and suitability for the program.
Top predators as biodiversity indicators: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Natsukawa Haruki , Sergio Fabrizio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentifying efficient biodiversity indicators is a key pillar of the global conservation strategy. Top predators have been proposed as reliable biodiversity signposts, but their role is controversial. Here, we verified their performance by a meta‐analysis of published studies and found solid support for their efficacy as biodiversity indicators. As to be expected for any indicator species, efficacy was stronger for biodiversity components ‘ecologically closer’ to the predator (i.e. broad groups that include species providing key resources, such as avian and tree diversity for a bird‐eating predator that nests in trees) and declined for the diversity of components more ‘ecologically remote’ from the predator (e.g. butterfly diversity for a fish‐eating predator). This confirmed a link between the top predatory role and biodiversity and set the context for its functionality. These results show that, on average, top predators are justified candidates as biodiversity indicators and that prioritisation of conservation action based on their occurrence is likely to provide broader ecosystem benefits. However, such role should be confirmed on a case‐by‐case basis, acknowledging that no indicator can portray everything, checking the compatibility of the biodiversity components linked to the predator with the established conservation objectives and ideally integrating predators with other complementary indicator groups.
Correlation of p53 immunohistochemistry with TP53 mutational status and overall survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J , Boiocchi Leonardo , Fathi Amir T , Brunner Andrew M , Hasserjian Robert P , Nardi Valentina 
Published: July 2022

AimsTP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is associated with an adverse prognosis and poor response to traditional chemotherapy regimens. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is considered the gold standard method to determine TP53‐mutational status; however, molecular assays are costly and time‐consuming. In contrast, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be performed within 1 day of biopsy. We sought to determine an optimal threshold of staining with p53 IHC to predict TP53‐mutational status.Methods and resultsWe identified 142 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML with concurrent NGS analysis diagnosed between 2019 and 2020. All cases were stained for p53 IHC and images were scored for the percent of strongly stained p53+ cells by a combination of manual counting and image analysis. We then correlated percent positive staining with mutational status and clinical outcomes. We determined that a threshold of ≥7% strongly stained cells by p53 IHC correlated with the presence of a TP53 mutation with a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 90%. TP53 mutation and the presence of ≥7% staining by IHC were associated with shorter overall survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.01).ConclusionIf the limitations of this study are carefully considered, our findings suggest that p53 protein expression as evaluated by IHC could be used to rapidly predict TP53‐mutational status with high specificity and assist in risk stratification in newly diagnosed AML.
Interferon‐gamma inducible protein 16 and type I interferon receptors expression in experimental apical periodontitis induced in wild‐type mice
Authors: Pucinelli Carolina Maschietto , Lima Ricardo B. , Almeida Lana K. Y. , Lucisano Marilia P. , Córdoba Amily Z. , Marchesan Julie T. , da Silva Lea A. B. , da Silva Raquel A. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the IFI16 and IFN‐α/β receptors expression during the genesis and development of experimental apical periodontitis (AP) in mice teeth.MethodologyApical periodontitis was induced in the lower first molars of 40 C57BL/6 mice. They were divided according to the experimental periods 2, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days (n = 8 per group). Five animals were used as a control group (without AP). Specimens were submitted to histological processing for description of the inflammatory process, immunostaining for the presence/absence and localization of IFI16 and IFN‐α/β receptors (qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histoenzimology.ResultsThe results showed a gradual development of AP over the experimental times. The expression of IFI16 was noticeably more exacerbated in the experimental early period (day 2) whilst the lowest expression was observed in the control group (p = .02). For IFN‐α/β receptors, a higher intensity staining was observed 42 days after AP induction, that was statistically different from the control group (p = .02). In addition, the number of TRAP‐positive cells was higher on the later periods (days 21 and 42; p < .001).ConclusionIFI16 protein expression was highest during the early periods after AP induction in mice teeth, whilst IFN‐α/β receptor expression was highest after AP became established.
Actors and factors in the international transfer of dual training approaches: The coordination of vocational education and training in Mexico from a German perspective
Authors: Vogelsang Beke , Röhrer Natascha , Pilz Matthias , Fuchs Martina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transfer of the German dual vocational education and training to other countries is much discussed. The reduction of youth unemployment, in particular, is considered as a central motive. Similarly, some promoting factors and challenges that influence the transfer of vocational education are already known. The focus of this study is on the reform of the Mexican vocational education system and the facilitating and inhibiting factors faced by the different actors from German‐speaking countries involved. The study is based on 22 expert interviews that were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that there are factors that have both a positive and a negative impact on transfer in Mexico.