bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on the agreement between clinical practice guidelines regarding the steps of the nutrition care process of adult patients who are critically ill
Authors: Cattani Aline , Teixeira Paula P. , Silva Flávia M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the nutrition management of adult patients who are critically ill present divergences on recommendations regarding the nutrition care process (NCP), which bring difficulties in their application. We aimed to compare the recommendations from these CPGs and present a synthesis of them for each step of the NCP in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.MethodsSystematic review of CPGs on nutrition care in ICU, searched in six databases up to January 2022. We have extracted data about CPGs, steps of the NCP, and quality of evidence for each recommendation. We compiled the recommendations from each CPG for each step of the NCP and calculated the relative frequency of agreement between them.ResultsTen CPGs were reviewed, and 9 made recommendations for energy requirement, time to start, and route for nutrition support; however, only 3 presented recommendations on nutrition monitoring. The relative frequency of agreement between the recommendations of the CPGs ranges from 11% to 100%. The highest agreement was for the determination of energy requirements by indirect calorimetry and the provision of high protein for patients who are obese (100%). The lowest agreement among the CPGs was for considering either enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition (PN) as an acceptable route (11%) and when to start PN (16.7%). Most recommendations were based on expert consensus.ConclusionsThere is a wide divergence on the recommendations to NCP of patients who are critically ill. This systematic review summarizes recommendations to evidence‐based practice in ICU settings to facilitate the daily decisions of professionals.
Enriched‐biochar application increases broccoli nutritional and phytochemical content without detrimental effect on yield
Authors: Montoya Daniel , Fernández Juan Antonio , Franco José Antonio , del Carmen Martínez Ballesta María 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil fertility is a major concern during vegetable production. Conventional versus organic fertilization has been studied in order to conserve soil properties. While some reports point out an increase in food nutritional properties, the loss of crop yield under organic conditions continues to be a problem. Thus, an experiment with broccoli in the field was carried out, comparing crop management under conventional fertilization (CF) and two soil amendment treatments: manure pellet (M) and an enriched‐biochar (EB) supplemented by an organic fertilizer (AND) applied alone (M + CF; EB+AND) or in combination (M + EB + AND). Crop yield and the nutritional properties in the flowering heads (mineral content, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates (GSLs)), were determined.RESULTSEnriched‐biochar and manure as a standalone amendment resulted in higher crop yield regarding CF, but not when they were applied in combination. The number of flowering heads with no‐commercial characteristics was lower after enriched‐biochar soil application. Finally, enriched‐biochar treatment enhanced NO3−, PO43− and SO42− levels in the flowering heads, and some of the ion contents can be associated with mineral changes in the soil after the biochar amendment. Also, the contents of phenolic compounds and indole GSLs were higher after enriched‐biochar application compared with the other treatments, GSL increase being due to the higher percentage of sulfur in the plant rather that an adequate N/S ratio.CONCLUSIONApplication of enriched‐biochar amendment in the cultivation of broccoli is appropriate, since there are no losses of yield and an increase in nutritional compounds in the flowering heads. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of spirulina loaded chitosan nanoparticles from prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense shell for extending the shelf life of pike‐perch (Sander lucioperca) fillet during refrigerated storage
Authors: Karimzadeh Katayoon , Tahergorabi Reza , Zahmatkesh Asgar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was aimed to synthesize polymeric chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) from Macrobrachium nipponense shells using sodium triphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker that was incorporated with spirulina extract (SPE) to improve the shelf life of pike‐perch during refrigerated storage (4 °C).RESULTSThe encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SPE‐loaded CSNPs decreased from 67% to 32%, and loading capacity (LC) was increased (10–14%) depending on their loaded SPE concentrations. The initial burst effect, followed by a slow‐release at pH 7 (24 h), was observed. Free SPE and SPE incorporated CSNPs decreased microbial counts (total viable count, total psychotropic count, pseudomonas, and lactic acid bacteria) compared to control and unloaded CSNPs. Samples treated with free SPE or SPE‐loaded CSNPs showed higher changes in odor, color, TVB‐N (total volatile basic nitrogen), and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) compared with the unloaded CSNPs batch (P ≤ 0.05) until the tenth day of storage. However, fish fillets coated with SPE‐loaded CSNPs had the highest overall consumer acceptability and the lowest values for TVB‐N and TBA at the end of storage (14th day).Controlled release of bioactive compounds in batches treated with SPE‐CSNPs could delay the microbial degradation and enhance chemical reactions (TBA and TVB‐N) in comparison to pure SPE during storage time.CONCLUSIONThe incorporation of SPE in polymeric CSNPs can be considered as a promising material for controlled delivery of natural bioactive agents, and preservation of Pike perch quality during refrigerator storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Merkel cell carcinoma of unknown primary: Clinical presentation and outcomes
Authors: Broida Samuel E. , Chen Xiao T. , Baum Christian L. , Brewer Jerry D. , Block Matthew S. , Jakub James W. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Foote Robert L. , Markovic Svetomir N. , Hieken Tina J. , Houdek Matthew T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous malignancy that usually occurs in the head/neck or extremities. However, there are reports of MCC developing in the lymph nodes or parotid gland without evidence of a primary cutaneous lesion.MethodsWe reviewed 415 patients with biopsy‐proven MCC. Patients with MCC of unknown primary (n = 37, 9%, MCCUP) made up the study cohort. The primary endpoints of the study were rate of recurrence, disease‐free survival, and overall survival.ResultsPatients with MCCUP presented with tumors in lymph nodes (n = 34) or parotid gland (n = 3). Nodal disease was most commonly detected in the inguinal/external iliac (n = 15) or axillary (n = 14) regions. The mean age at diagnosis was 70 years and 24% were female. Patients presented with distant metastases in 24.3% of cases. Patients with stage IIIA disease treated with regional lymph node dissection (RLND) had a lower risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio 0.26, p = 0.046). Recurrence‐free survival was 59.3% at 5 years. Disease‐specific survival was 63.3% at 5 years.ConclusionPatients with MCCUP have a high risk of recurrence and mortality. The optimal treatment for MCCUP has yet to be elucidated, although therapeutic RLND appears beneficial for these patients.
Verification EVestG recordings are vestibuloacoustic signals
Authors: Blakley Brian , Ashiri Mehrangiz , Moussavi Zahra , Lithgow Brian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeural dysfunction is associated with aberrant nerve firing; thus, electrodiagnosis has the potential for objective diagnosis and quantification of neural dysfunction. Electrical stimulation alters nerve firing and may also have treatment potential. This article outlines some findings related to electrodiagnosis and electrical stimulation of the ear. The quasi‐synchronous firing of many vestibuloacoustic nerve fibers can produce an extracellular potential defined as a field potential (FP). Electrovestibulography (EVestG) is a method to record vestibuloacoustic signals and detect the associated FPs. A clear picture of the muscle‐, EEG‐, saccade‐related, or other artefactual origins, and the physiologic basis of FPs recorded with EVestG, is evolving. EVestG was applied to demonstrate the effect of electrical stimulation on spontaneous FPs in the ear canal.MethodsBilateral EVestG recordings were conducted on 14 guinea pigs before and after stimulation with 3–0.5 mA ipsilateral anodal electrical pulses before and after ablation via unilateral Scarpa's ganglionectomy to elucidate the origin of the EVestG recorded spontaneous FPs.ResultsAnodal electrical stimulation suppresses the recorded activity. There was a significant reduction of the level of recorded signal observed following anodal stimulation on the ablated but not the intact side.ConclusionElectrical stimulation of the external auditory canal reduces spontaneous electrical activity in the ear canal, some of which is due to central nervous system activity. The EVestG recorded FPs have a major vestibuloacoustic component.
Lipid‐Head‐Polymer‐Tail Chimeric Vesicles
Authors: Hu Kan , Cheng Aoyuan , Zhou Dingcheng , Luo Yi , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLipid nanovesicles (LNVs) and polymer nanovesicles (PNVs), also known as liposomes and polymersomes, are becoming increasingly vital in global health. However, the two major classes of nanovesicles both exhibit their own issues that significantly limit potential applications. Here, by covalently attaching a naturally occurring phosphate “lipid head” and a synthetic polylactide “polymer tail” via facile ring‐opening polymerization on a 500 g scale, a type of “chimeric” nanovesicles (CNVs) can be easily produced. Compared to LNVs, the reported CNVs exhibit reduced permeability for small and large molecules; on the other hand, the CNVs are less hydrophobic and exhibit enhanced tolerance toward proteins in buffer solutions without the need for hydrophilic polymeric corona such as poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG), in contrast to conventional PNVs. The proof‐of‐concept in vitro delivery experiments using hydrophilic solutions of fluorescein‐PEG, rhodamine‐PEG, and anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin demonstrate that these CNVs, as a structurally diverse class of nano‐materials, are highly promising as alternative carriers for therapeutic molecules in translational nanomedicine.
Covalent Attachment and Detachment by Reactive DESI of Sequence‐Coded Polymer Taggants
Authors: Youssef Itab , Carvin‐Sergent Isaure , Konishcheva Evgeniia , Kebe Seydina , Greff Vincent , Karamessini Denise , Matloubi Maziar , Ouahabi Abdelaziz Al , Moesslein Jochen , Amalian Jean‐Arthur , Poyer Salomé , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of sequence‐defined polymers is an interesting emerging solution for materials identification and traceability. Indeed, a very large amount of identification sequences can be created using a limited alphabet of coded monomers. However, in all reported studies, sequence‐defined taggants are usually included in a host material by noncovalent adsorption or entrapment, which may lead to leakage, aggregation, or degradation. To avoid these problems, sequence‐defined polymers are covalently attached in the present work to the mesh of model materials, namely acrylamide hydrogels. To do so, sequence‐coded polyurethanes containing a disulfide linker and a terminal methacrylamide moiety are synthesized by stepwise solid‐phase synthesis. These methacrylamide macromonomers are afterward copolymerized with acrylamide and bisacrylamide in order to achieve cross‐linked hydrogels containing covalently‐bound polyurethane taggants. It is shown herein that these taggants can be selectively detached from the hydrogel mesh by reactive desorption electrospray ionization. Using dithiothreitol the disulfide linker that links the taggant to the gel can be selectively cleaved. Ultimately, the released taggants can be decoded by tandem mass spectrometry.
Differential Temporal Dynamics of Axial and Appendicular Ataxia in SCA3
Authors: Maas Roderick P.P.W.M. , Teerenstra Steven , Lima Manuela , Pires Paula , Pereira de Almeida Luís , van Gaalen Judith , Timmann Dagmar , Infante Jon , Onyike Chiadi , Bushara Khalaf , Jacobi Heike , Reetz Kathrin , Santana Magda M. , Afonso Ribeiro Joana , Hübener‐Schmid Jeannette , de Vries Jeroen J. , Synofzik Matthis , Schöls Ludger , Garcia‐Moreno Hector , Giunti Paola , Faber Jennifer , Klockgether Thomas , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisease severity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is commonly defined by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) sum score, but little is known about the contributions and progression patterns of individual items.ObjectivesTo investigate the temporal dynamics of SARA item scores in SCA3 patients and evaluate if clinical and demographic factors are differentially associated with evolution of axial and appendicular ataxia.MethodsIn a prospective, multinational cohort study involving 11 European and 2 US sites, SARA scores were determined longitudinally in 223 SCA3 patients with a follow‐up assessment after 1 year.ResultsAn increase in SARA score from 10 to 20 points was mainly driven by axial and speech items, with a markedly smaller contribution of appendicular items. Finger chase and nose‐finger test scores not only showed the lowest variability at baseline, but also the least deterioration at follow‐up. Compared with the full set of SARA items, omission of both tests would result in lower sample size requirements for therapeutic trials. Sex was associated with change in SARA sum score and appendicular, but not axial, subscore, with a significantly faster progression in men. Despite considerable interindividual variability, the average annual progression rate of SARA score was approximately three times higher in subjects with a disease duration over 10 years than in those within 10 years from onset.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence for a difference in temporal dynamics between axial and appendicular ataxia in SCA3 patients, which will help inform the design of clinical trials and development of new (etiology‐specific) outcome measures. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Investigating the effect of oral synbiotic on enteral feeding tolerance in critically ill patients: A double‐blinded controlled clinical trial of gut microbiota
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad Hossein , Saghafi Fatemeh , Bordbari Zeinab , Zare‐Kamali Javad , Jafari‐Nedooshan Jamal , Sahebnasagh Adeleh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics are beneficial live microorganisms that can modify the gut microbiota. It is assumed that they help improve enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. The present clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of synbiotics in improving EFI and oropharyngeal aspiration in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 105 critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital affiliated with a medical university. The patients were randomly assigned to either a synbiotic or control group and underwent 7 days of investigation. The primary end point was reduced gastric residual volume, which is suggestive of an improvement in EFI. The secondary end point included requirement for prokinetics, frequency of aspiration, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and level of consciousness.ResultsThe present clinical trial showed that synbiotic intervention has resulted in a significantly diminished requirement for prokinetics (P = 0.019), fewer oropharyngeal aspirations (P = 0.01), improved volume of bolus administration, and decreased gastric residual volume during the 7‐day follow‐up period. The patients who received synbiotic had an improved level of consciousness (P = 0.01).ConclusionThis clinical trial showed that the prescription of synbiotic from the initial days of enteral feeding has resulted in a significantly diminished requirement for prokinetics, less oropharyngeal aspiration, decreased gastric residual volume, improved volume of bolus administration, and hence, better tolerance of enteral feeding.
Communicating social value: An experimental study on credible communication and social enterprises
Authors: Becker Annika , Waldner Carolin J. , Nitsch Laura J. , Trautwein Stefan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe management of marketing and communication strategies involves a complex mix of different requirements, particularly for social enterprises, which try to fulfill both social and business aims while operating in a resource‐constrained context. Although social enterprises are a rising phenomenon, the research on how these businesses communicate their activities remains in its infancy. This study builds on the theory of planned behavior and the source credibility theory, presenting a conceptual framework that distinguishes between high, moderate, and low credibility of a social enterprise's communication, to analyze its effects on potential customers' behavioral intentions. Through an online experiment with 260 subjects, the authors demonstrate that attitude toward a social enterprise, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and, ultimately, the intention to support a social enterprise by purchasing its products increases with the social enterprise's message credibility. The authors also present practical implications and avenues for future research on the communication of social enterprises based on the empirical findings.
Finite difference schemes for the fourth‐order parabolic equations with different boundary value conditions
Authors: Lu Xuan‐ru , Gao Guang‐Hua , Sun Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the fourth‐order parabolic equations with different boundary value conditions are studied. Six kinds of boundary value conditions are proposed. Several numerical differential formulae for the fourth‐order derivative are established by the quartic interpolation polynomials and their truncation errors are given with the aid of the Taylor expansion with the integral remainders. Effective difference schemes are presented for the third Dirichlet boundary value problem, the first Neumann boundary value problem and the third Neumann boundary value problem, respectively. Some new embedding inequalities on the discrete function spaces are presented and proved. With the method of energy analysis, the unique solvability, unconditional stability and unconditional convergence of the difference schemes are proved. The convergence orders of derived difference schemes are all O(τ2 + h2) in appropriate norms. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical results.
Comparison of stacking sequence on the low‐velocity impact failure mechanisms and energy dissipation characteristics of CFRP/Al hybrid laminates
Authors: Zhang Fukai , Lin Yuan , Wu Jian An , Zhang Zhongwei , Huang Yaxin , Li Cong , Wang Mingyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared with the resin‐based composite laminates, fiber metal laminates (FMLs) have superior impact resistance. In this study, investigations were made to reveal the effects of stacking sequence on the low‐velocity failure mechanisms and energy dissipation characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Al hybrid laminates with same areal density. Experiments were carried out to characterize the typical mechanical responses. Failure morphologies were evaluated by X‐ray computed tomography scanning techniques. Then numerical simulations based on three‐dimensional progressive damage analysis were applied to reveal the dynamic evolution process and energy dissipation characteristics. Results indicated that plastic deformation of aluminum layers acted as the dominant factor in energy dissipation. Stacking aluminum layers on the exterior surface could increase the absorbed impact energy and reduce the fracture behavior of the component layers. The specimens with more CFRP layers stacked on the surface exhibited more severe fracture behavior of component layers and larger delamination areas, thus promoting the energy dissipated by CFRP cracking and delamination. This work intended to provide practical guidance for the structural design of fiber reinforced polymer/metal hybrid protective structures.
Enhancing surface insulation of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites by plasma fluorinating glass fiber
Authors: Li Jingwei , Duan Qijun , Xia Guowei , Wan Zijian , Yin Guohua , Xie Jun , Xie Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is a widely used composite material in industrial production. In this article, glass fiber (GF) was fluorinated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and the GFRP composites made of GF with different fluorination time and various numbers of fluorinated GF layers were prepared to improve the surface insulation property. The effect of plasma fluorination on GF was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), including the surface morphology and chemical composition. In addition, the surface electrical properties of the above composites were investigated experimentally. The results show that the flashover voltage of modified GFRP is 29.84% higher than that of the original sample. By analyzing the charge dissipation and trap, it is inferred that plasma fluorination can raise the trap energy level of the composites, therefore suppressing the carrier migration on the surface and increasing the flashover voltage. Furthermore, the internal structure of composites can be improved by increasing the number of fluorinated GF layers, which accelerates the charge dissipation along the body, thus enhancing the surface insulation properties of the composites in both ways.
Gestational age at birth and outcome in monochorionic twins with different types of selective fetal growth restriction: A systematic literature review
Authors: el Emrani Salma , Groene Sophie G. , Verweij E. Joanne , Slaghekke Femke , Khalil Asma , van Klink Jeanine M. M. , Tiblad Eleonor , Lewi Liesbeth , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis systematic review aims to assess the gestational age at birth and perinatal outcome [intrauterine demise (IUD), neonatal mortality and severe cerebral injury] in monochorionic twins with selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR), according to Gratacós classification based on umbilical artery Doppler flow patterns in the smaller twin. Seventeen articles were included. Gestational age at birth varied from 33.0 to 36.0 weeks in type I, 27.6–32.4 weeks in type II, and 28.3–33.8 weeks in type III. IUD rate differed from 0%–4% in type I to 0%–40% in type II and 0%–23% in type III. Neonatal mortality rate was between 0%–10% in type I, 0%–38% in type II, and 0%–17% in type III. Cerebral injury was present in 0%–2% of type I, 2%–30% of type II and 0%–33% of type III cases. The timing of delivery in sFGR varied substantially among studies, particularly in type II and III. The quality of evidence was moderate due to heterogenous study populations with varying definitions of sFGR and perinatal outcome parameters, as well as a lack of consensus on the use of the Gratacós classification, leading to substantial incomparability. Our review identifies the urgent need for uniform antenatal diagnostic criteria and definitions of outcome parameters.