bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Penjweini Rozhin , Roarke Branden , Alspaugh Greg , Link Katie A. , Andreoni Alessio , Mori Mateus P. , Hwang Paul M. , Sackett Dan L. , Knutson Jay R. 
Published: March 2022

Penjweini et al. describe a new ‘sandwich’ probe comprised of two different fluorescent proteins that (via FRET and FLIM methods) read out the state of a myoglobin linked between them. The mCherry emission lifetime is primarily sensitive to oxygen binding, while the EYFP lifetime instead serves to read out the met state of myoglobin. That latter state is a valuable indicator of ROS or NO exposure.Further details can be found in the article by R. Penjweini, B. Roarke, G. Alspaugh, K. A. Link, A. Andreoni, M. P. Mori, P. M. Hwang, D. L. Sackett, J. R. Knutson (e202100166).image
Pegylated insulin‐like growth factor‐1 biotherapeutic delivery promotes rotator cuff regeneration in a rat model
Authors: Prabhath Anupama , Vernekar Varadraj N. , Esdaille Caldon J. , Eisenberg Ellen , Lebaschi Amir , Badon Mary , Seyedsalehi Amir , Dzidotor Godwin , Tang Xiaoyan , Dyment Nathaniel , Thomopoulos Stavros , Kumbar Sangamesh G. , Deymier Alix , Weber Eckhard , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTears in the rotator cuff are challenging to repair because of the complex, hypocellular, hypovascular, and movement‐active nature of the tendon and its enthesis. Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is a promising therapeutic for this repair. However, its unstable nature, short half‐life, and ability to disrupt homeostasis has limited its clinical translation. Pegylation has been shown to improve the stability and sustain IGF‐1 levels in the systemic circulation without disrupting homeostasis. To provide localized delivery of IGF‐1 in the repaired tendons, we encapsulated pegylated IGF‐1 mimic and its controls (unpegylated IGF‐1 mimic and recombinant human IGF‐1) in polycaprolactone‐based matrices and evaluated them in a pre‐clinical rodent model of rotator cuff repair. Pegylated‐IGF‐1 mimic delivery reestablished the characteristic tendon‐to‐bone enthesis structure and improved tendon tensile properties within 8 weeks of repair compared to controls, signifying the importance of pegylation in this complex tissue regeneration. These results demonstrate a simple and scalable biologic delivery technology alternative to tissue‐derived grafts for soft tissue repair.
Effects of brassinosteroids on cancer cells: A review
Authors: Ma Feifan , An Zaiyong , Yue Qiulin , Zhao Chen , Zhang Song , Sun Xin , Li Kunlun , Zhao Lin , Su Le 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBrassinolide is a new type of steroidal hormone with strong activities, which is well known as an efficient and low‐toxicity plant growth regulator for a long time. Because steroidal hormones have a wide application prospect, brassinosteroids have been gradually explored in pharmacology and animal cells in recent decades. Brassinolide could effectively reverse the resistance of human T lymphoblastoid cell line CCRF‐VCR 1000 by inhibiting the effusion of drug transported by P‐glycoprotein. Brassinosteroids could also accelerate wound healing by positively eliminating inflammation and stimulating reepithelialization of the reparation stage. The occurrence of cancer is a multistep process mediated by a variety of factors. Until now, cancer has always been one group of the major diseases that threaten human health. Many studies have found that brassinosteroids have attracted a great deal of potential as an anticancer agent in the treatment of cancer cells, and most of them exert anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. There are few articles on the relationship between brassinosteroids and cancer so far. Accordingly, in this article, we summarized current research about the brassinosteroids and cancers. Through the review, researchers could know more about brassinosteroids which might become a new tool for the treatment of cancer in the future, and not only a plant hormone.
A multilevel approach to social support as a determinant of mental health during COVID‐19
Authors: Schulder Talia , Rudenstine Sasha , Bhatt Krish J. , McNeal Kat , Ettman Catherine K. , Galea Sandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has detrimentally affected the mental health of lower income communities. We sought to investigate the relationship among multilevel social support, specifically individual‐, network‐, and neighborhood‐level social supports, COVID‐19‐related stressors, and probable diagnoses of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress (PTS), within a racially diverse and predominantly low‐socioeconomic status population. We used multiple logistic regressions to assess the odds of diagnosis for high versus low social support and stressor levels. Participants who endorsed high levels of stress had significantly higher odds of probable diagnoses. Participants who endorsed low individual‐level social support had higher odds of probable depression and anxiety. Those who endorsed low neighborhood‐level social support had higher odds of probable depression and probable PTS. Network‐level social support was not significantly associated with the health indicators of interest. Results indicate the importance of both individual‐ and neighborhood‐level support to protect mental health during COVID‐19.
Iron overload and impaired iron handling contribute to the dystrophic pathology in models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Alves Francesca M. , Kysenius Kai , Caldow Marissa K. , Hardee Justin P. , Chung Jin D. , Trieu Jennifer , Hare Dominic J. , Crouch Peter J. , Ayton Scott , Bush Ashley I. , Lynch Gordon S. , Koopman René 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene), which is the most common and severe of the muscular dystrophies. To our knowledge, the distribution of iron, an important modulator of oxidative stress, has not been assessed in DMD. We tested the hypotheses that iron accumulation occurs in mouse models of DMD and that modulation of iron through the diet or chelation could modify disease severity.MethodsWe assessed iron distribution and total elemental iron using LA‐ICP‐MS on skeletal muscle cross‐sections of 8‐week‐old Bl10 control mice and dystrophic mdx mice (with moderate dystrophy) and dystrophin/utrophin‐null mice (dko, with severe dystrophy). In addition, mdx mice (4 weeks) were treated with either an iron chelator (deferiprone 150 mg/kg/day) or iron‐enriched feed (containing 1% added iron as carbonyl iron). Immunoblotting was used to determine the abundance of iron‐ and mitochondria‐related proteins. (Immuno)histochemical and mRNA assessments of fibrosis and inflammation were also performed.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in total elemental iron in hindlimb muscles of dko mice (+50%, P < 0.05) and in the diaphragm of mdx mice (+80%, P < 0.05), with both tissues exhibiting severe pathology. Iron dyshomeostasis was further evidenced by an increase in the storage protein ferritin (dko: +39%, P < 0.05) and ferroportin compared with Bl10 control mice (mdx: +152% and dko: +175%, P < 0.05). Despite having features of iron overload, dystrophic muscles had lower protein expression of ALAS‐1, the rate‐limiting enzyme for haem synthesis (dko −44%, P < 0.05), and the haem‐containing protein myoglobin (dko −54%, P < 0.05). Deferiprone treatment tended to decrease muscle iron levels in mdx mice (−30%, P < 0.1), which was associated with lower oxidative stress and fibrosis, but suppressed haem‐containing proteins and mitochondrial content. Increasing iron via dietary intervention elevated total muscle iron (+25%, P < 0.05) but did not aggravate the pathology.ConclusionsMuscles from dystrophic mice have increased iron levels and dysregulated iron‐related proteins that are associated with dystrophic pathology. Muscle iron levels were manipulated by iron chelation and iron enriched feed. Iron chelation reduced fibrosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also suppressed haem‐containing proteins and mitochondrial activity. Conversely, iron supplementation increased ferritin and haem‐containing proteins but did not alter ROS, fibrosis, or mitochondrial activity. Further studies are required to investigate the contribution of impaired ferritin breakdown in the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in DMD.
Growth and globalization of point‐of‐care ultrasound publications in emergency medicine
Authors: Belisle Haley Campbell , McKelvy Dina , Mackenzie David C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince the introduction of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) in emergency medicine (EM), the applications, indications, and training for POCUS have grown. POCUS training in EM residency is standard and POCUS fellowships are common. We sought to quantify and characterize changes in POCUS publications over time with a scoping review of the literatureMethodsWe conducted a structured keyword search of high impact EM journals according to 2019 journal citation reports and other journals publishing POCUS studies between 2000–2019. Two abstractors recorded whether the publication was POCUS related, the type of publication, and author affiliation by department and country. We included studies with at least one author affiliated with a department of EM. Agreement between abstractors was tested.ResultsThe number of POCUS‐related publications grew from a mean of 8.8 publications/year 2000–2004 to 134.8 publications/year from 2015–2019. The most common publication type was case reports or series (44%). The proportion of publications from outside the United States (US) decreased over time. Between 2000 and 2004 89% of publications came from authors affiliated with US institutions; from 2015–2019 this had decreased to 64%. Agreement between abstractors was excellent (Cohen's k = 0.89)ConclusionsPOCUS publications increased substantially between 2000–2019. The most common type of publication was a case report, which was consistent throughout the study period. Authorship from outside the US increased. Publications yielding high‐quality evidence from observational or controlled studies represented a low proportion of the total number of studies.
Doppler hemodynamic liver index and hepatic elastic modulus: Advanced ultrasonographic techniques for non‐invasive prediction of esophageal varices in cirrhosis
Authors: Rana Abhilasha , Malik Amita , Krishnan Venkatram , Thakur Manisha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeCurrently esophagoscopy is the gold standard for assessment of esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Predicting the presence of esophageal varices, varices needing treatment (VNT) and variceal grade by advanced ultrasonographic techniques using a combination of Doppler hemodynamic liver index (HDLI) (quantifying portal hypertension) and hepatic elastic modulus (quantifying hepatic fibrosis) would be a cost‐effective and non‐invasive alternative to routine endoscopy.MethodsOur cross‐sectional study consisted of cirrhotic patients diagnosed using clinical features and laboratory parameters. Portal venous Doppler and liver sonoelastography were performed in selected subjects for obtaining measurements of HDLI (portal vein diameter/mean velocity) and hepatic elastic modulus respectively. Within 3 days of ultrasound, the subjects underwent upper GI endoscopy for assessment of presence, VNT and grade (F1, F2, F3) of varices. Subjects were divided into two groups (without and with varices) and data analyzed using XLSTAT.ResultsA total of 60 subjects (26 without and 34 with varices) were evaluated. Mean Doppler HDLI of subjects with varices was significantly higher (0.72 vs. 0.59, p < 0.0001) with progressive increase in values with variceal grade, being highest in grade‐F3 (mean 0.77). Likewise, mean hepatic elastic modulus was also higher in subjects with varices (28.9 vs. 12.6 kPa, p < 0.0001) and showed progressive increase with grade (51.1 kPa for F3). For predicting presence of varices, maximum accuracy of elastic modulus was at cut‐off of 14.5 kPa (sensitivity, specificity 83% and 84.6%) and Doppler HDLI was at 0.66 (66% and 92.3%). Good inter‐rater agreement was present (κ 0.66).ConclusionCombination of Doppler HDLI and hepatic elastic modulus is an excellent non‐invasive method for predicting the presence, VNT, and variceal grade and may obviate need for routine endoscopic screening in cirrhosis.
A systematic review of telehealth applications in hospital medicine
Authors: Gutierrez Jeydith , Rewerts Kelby , CarlLee Sheena , Kuperman Ethan , Anderson Melver L. , Kaboli Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the proliferation of telehealth, uptake for acute inpatient services has been slower. Hospitalist shortages in rural and critical access hospitals as well as the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to a renewed interest in telehealth to deliver acute inpatient services. Understanding current evidence is crucial for promoting uptake and developing evidence‐based practices.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of telehealth applications in acute inpatient general medicine and pediatric hospital wards and synthesize available evidence.Data SourcesA search of five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest Theses, and Dissertations) using a combination of search terms including telemedicine and hospital medicine/inpatient care keywords yielded 17,015 citations.Study Selection and Data ExtractionTwo independent coders determined eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and organized into main categories based on findings: (1) feasibility and planning, (2) implementation and technology, and (3) telehealth application process and outcome measures.ResultsOf the 20 publications included, three were feasibility and planning studies describing the creation of the program, services provided, and potential cost implications. Five studies described implementation and technology used, including training, education, and evaluation methods. Finally, twelve discussed process and outcome measures, including patient and provider satisfaction and costs.ConclusionTelehealth services for hospital medicine were found to be effective, well received, and initial cost estimates appear favorable. A variety of services were described across programs with considerable benefit appreciated by rural and smaller hospitals. Additional work is needed to evaluate clinical outcomes and overall program costs.
Increasing awareness of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and willingness to use HIV PrEP among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of global data
Authors: Sun Zhishan , Gu Qianfei , Dai Yifan , Zou Huachun , Agins Bruce , Chen Qiaosen , Li Peiyang , Shen Junchun , Yang Yi , Jiang Hongbo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIntegrated knowledge regarding pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and willingness to use PrEP can be useful for HIV prevention in high incidence groups. This review summarizes the awareness of PrEP and willingness to use PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsOnline electronic databases were searched before 31 August 2021. A meta‐analysis was conducted to pool studies analysing PrEP awareness and willingness to use PrEP. LOESS regression and linear regression were applied to fit the trends over time for the proportion of MSM aware of PrEP and willing to use PrEP. Dose–response meta‐analysis (DRMA) was conducted by a restricted cubic spline model to explore the relationship between willingness to use PrEP and selected factors.Results and DiscussionA total of 156 articles involving 228,403 MSM were included. The pooled proportions of MSM aware of PrEP and willing to use PrEP were 50.0 (95% CI: 44.8–55.2) and 58.6% (95% CI: 54.8–62.4), respectively. PrEP awareness varied among countries with different economic status and different WHO regions, among different publication and research years, PrEP types and support policies. PrEP willingness differed among countries with different economic status and groups with different risks of HIV. The awareness of PrEP increased from 2007 to 2019 with a slope of 0.040260 (p<0.0001), while the proportion of MSM willing to use PrEP decreased from 2007 to 2014 (slope = –0.03647, p = 0.00390) but increased after 2014 (slope = 0.04187, p = 0.03895). The main facilitators of willingness to use PrEP were PrEP awareness, condomless sexual behaviours, high perceived risk of HIV infection and influence of social network. The main barriers were doubts about the efficacy and side effects of PrEP. DRMA results indicated that MSM with more sexual partners and lower level of education were more willing to use PrEP. No publication bias was observed.ConclusionsThe proportions of PrEP awareness and willingness to use PrEP among MSM have increased since 2014, although the awareness was low and the willingness was moderate. Improving awareness of PrEP through increasing access to PrEP‐related health education and enhancing risk perceptions of HIV infection could have positive effects on the willingness to use PrEP among MSM.
South African healthcare workers’ knowledge of dolutegravir's drug–drug interactions in the first year of its rollout: a cross‐sectional online survey
Authors: Chisholm Briony S. , Swart Annoesjka M. , Blockman Marc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn December 2019, dolutegravir‐based treatment was recommended as first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Dolutegravir has clinically significant interactions with several commonly used drugs, such as rifampicin, metformin and cation‐containing medicines. National guidelines detail these interactions and how to manage them. While previous international studies have shown low healthcare worker knowledge of drug–drug interactions, there is a paucity of information on antiretroviral interaction knowledge in the South African setting, where much ART is nurse‐led. The study aimed to determine this knowledge and to describe which variables were associated with gaps in knowledge.MethodsAn anonymous online survey of healthcare workers in the field of HIV was conducted in August/September 2020. The survey was designed, tested and piloted, and included sections on demographics, guideline access and training, interaction knowledge, counselling and the effect of COVID‐19. Dissemination was via e‐mail and social media (convenience sampling). Descriptive and inferential analysis was done using proportions and the 95% confidence interval to determine relationships between independent and dependent variables. Research ethics approval was obtained from the University of Cape Town's Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC Ref: 357/2020).Results and discussionIn total, 1950 survey responses were included in the analysis – 47.1% nurses, 35.8% doctors and 8.9% pharmacists. When asked whether they were aware that dolutegravir has interactions, 70% said yes, 13.9% said no and 16.1% did not answer. Knowledge of specific interactions and the dosing changes needed was low with a wide range between different drugs: 79.7% knew to double the dolutegravir dose with rifampicin, but with calcium, 5.1% picked both correct dosing options and 33.7% picked one of the two correct options. Access to guidelines and training were positively associated with drug interaction knowledge.ConclusionsThere are gaps in the awareness and knowledge of dolutegravir interactions and how to adjust dosing among South African healthcare workers.
Optical Pulse Compression Assisted by High‐Q Time‐Modulated Transmissive Metasurfaces
Authors: Barati Sedeh Hooman , Salary Mohammad Mahdi , Mosallaei Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, based on the recently introduced concept of time‐varying media, an alternative approach is presented for controlling the compression ratio of an optical pulse in the near‐infrared regime via two all‐dielectric transmissive metasurfaces consisting of a zigzag array of silicon‐based elliptical nanodisks. Upon introducing in‐plane asymmetries and under normal incidence, the supported symmetry‐protected bound‐state in the continuum resonant mode collapses into two Fano resonances, which can be spectrally overlapped to satisfy the first Kerker's condition. To acquire an amplified signal, the desired chirp is applied to the incident pulse via a purely temporal waveform that modulates the optical response of the first layer, while the required group delay dispersion is imparted to the phase‐modulated pulse by the second metasurface in order to compress its temporal distribution. Following such a configuration, the temporal duration of the output pulse decreases from 25 to 15 ps, leading to a peak intensity enhancement of 50%. On account of time‐varying features of the first metasurface, the instantaneous frequency of the chirped light can be controlled dynamically, giving rise to the active tuning of the peak intensity from 0% up to 200%.
Single‐Photon Nonreciprocity with an Integrated Magneto‐Optical Isolator
Authors: Ren Shang‐Yu , Yan Wei , Feng Lan‐Tian , Chen Yang , Wu Yun‐Kun , Qi Xiao‐Zhuo , Liu Xiao‐Jing , Cheng Yu‐Jie , Xu Bo‐Yu , Deng Long‐Jiang , Guo Guang‐Can , Bi Lei , Ren Xi‐Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonreciprocal photonic devices are essential components of classical optical information processing. It is interesting and important to investigate their feasibility in the quantum world. In this work, a single‐photon non‐reciprocal dynamical transmission experiment has been performed with an on‐chip silicon nitride (SiN)‐based magneto‐optical (MO) isolator. The measured isolation ratio for single photons achieved is 12.33 dB, consistent with the result of the classical test, which proves the functionality of our on‐chip isolator. The quantum coherence of the passing single photons is further verified using high‐visibility quantum interference. This work will promote on‐chip nonreciprocal photonic devices within the integrated quantum circuits and help introduce novel phenomena in quantum information processes.
High‐Power Laser Systems
Authors: Zuo Jiexi , Lin Xuechun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐power laser sources are widely used in industrial precision processing and act as a new platform for strong‐field physics research using peak power over petawatt. This review focuses on realizing high‐energy solid‐state disk and slab systems and the nonlinear‐suppression strategies for high‐power fiber systems using the functional fibers. First, the implementations and enabling technologies of the solid‐state lasers for increasing peak power from gigawatt to petawatt are reviewed. Then the mechanisms and suppression strategies of the deterioration effects (including stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and transverse mode instability) in various fiber amplifiers are analyzed. At the same time, the mechanism and achievements of the current functional fibers are introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of high‐power solid‐state and fiber amplifiers are summarized.