bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of insulin on anticipation and consummatory reward to food intake: A functional imaging study on healthy normal weight and overweight subjects employing intranasal insulin delivery
Authors: Wingrove Jed , O'Daly Owen , De Lara Rubio Alfonso , Hill Simon , Swedroska Magda , Forbes Ben , Amiel Stephanie , Zelaya Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAberrant responses within homeostatic, hedonic and cognitive systems contribute to poor appetite control in those with an overweight phenotype. The hedonic system incorporates limbic and meso‐limbic regions involved in learning and reward processing, as well as cortical regions involved in motivation, decision making and gustatory processing. Equally important within this complex, multifaceted framework are the cognitive systems involved in inhibitory control and valuation of food choices. Regions within these systems display insulin receptors and pharmacologically increasing central insulin concentrations using intranasal administration (IN‐INS) has been shown to significantly reduce appealing food cue responsiveness and also food intake. In this work we describe a placebo‐controlled crossover pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that looks at how IN‐INS (160 IU) affects anticipatory and consummatory responses to sweet stimuli and importantly how these responses differ between healthy normal weight and overweight male individuals. This work shows that age matched normal weight and overweight (not obese) individuals respond similarly to both the anticipation and receipt of sweet stimuli under placebo conditions. However, increased central insulin concentrations produce marked differences between groups when anticipating sweet stimuli within the prefrontal cortex and midbrain as well as observed differences in the amygdala during consummatory responses.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in women of reproductive age
Authors: Maldonado Stephanie S. , Grab Joshua , Wang Connie W. , Huddleston Heather , Cedars Marcelle , Sarkar Monika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in approximately 10% of all reproductive‐age women, with over 50% of these patients having imaging‐confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether PCOS increases the risk for more clinically relevant disease, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is unclear. Such findings are relevant to prognosticating risk of progressive liver disease in the growing population of young adults with NAFLD. Using weighted discharge data from the United States National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2018, we evaluated the association of PCOS with the presence of NASH among reproductive‐age women with NAFLD. The association of PCOS with NASH was assessed by logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and comprehensive metabolic comorbidities. Other causes of hepatic steatosis and chronic liver diseases were excluded. Our analysis included 189,440 reproductive‐age women with NAFLD, 9415 of whom had PCOS. Of those with PCOS, 1390 (15%) had a distinct code for NASH. Women with PCOS were younger (median age, 33 vs. 40 years; p < 0.001) and more likely to have diabetes (37.0% vs. 34.0%), obesity (83.0% vs. 58.0%), dyslipidemia (26.0% vs. 21.0%), and hypertension (38.0% vs. 35.0%) (all p ≤ 0.01). On adjusted analysis accounting for these metabolic comorbidities, PCOS remained independently associated with an increased prevalence of NASH (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.42; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Among reproductive‐age women with NAFLD, metabolic risk factors were more common in those with PCOS. Despite adjustment for these metabolic comorbidities, PCOS remained associated with a 22% higher odds of having NASH. These findings support efforts to increase NAFLD screening in young women with PCOS and highlight the potential “head start” in progressive liver disease among young women with PCOS.
Speech patterns and enunciation for encephalopathy determination—A prospective study of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Kim Hannah P. , Cook Sarah , Blanchard Renee T. , Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam , Shafer Jennifer S. , Fried Michael W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication of cirrhosis that benefits from early diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to characterize speech patterns of individuals with HE to investigate its potential to diagnose and monitor HE. This was a single‐center prospective cohort study that included participants with cirrhosis with HE (minimal HE [MHE] and overt HE [OHE]), cirrhosis without HE, and participants without liver disease. Audio recordings of reading, sentence repetition, and picture description tasks were obtained from these groups. Two certified speech‐language pathologists assessed speech rate (words per minute) and articulatory precision. An overall severity metric was derived from these measures. Cross‐sectional analyses were performed using nonparametric Wilcoxon statistics to evaluate group differences. Change over time in speech measures was analyzed descriptively for individuals with HE. The study included 43 total participants. Speech results differed by task, but the overall pattern showed slower speech rate and less precise articulation in participants with OHE compared to other groups. When speech rate and precision ratings were combined into a single speech severity metric, the impairment of participants with OHE was more severe than all other groups, and MHE had greater speech impairment than non‐liver disease controls. As OHE improved clinically, participants showed notable improvement in speech rate. Participants with OHE demonstrated impaired speech rate, precision, and speech severity compared with non‐liver disease and non‐HE cirrhosis. Participants with MHE had less pronounced impairments. Speech parameters improved as HE clinically improved. Conclusion: These data identify speech patterns that could improve HE diagnosis, grading, and remote monitoring.
Implementation and evaluation of a preceptor educational development programme involving the health cluster colleges at Qatar University
Authors: Mukhalalati Banan , Elshami Sara , Awaisu Ahmed , Al‐Jayyousi Ghadir , Abu‐Hijleh Marwan , Paravattil Bridget , Almahasneh Randa , Bawadi Hiba , Al‐Amri Kristen , Al‐Khal Abdullatif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground‘The Practice Educators' Academy Programme’ is an innovative educational intervention developed following a preceptor‐focussed needs assessment. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the programme's effect on self‐efficacy and knowledge amongst multi‐disciplinary clinical preceptors who precept students across the Health Cluster in Qatar University. The secondary aim was to assess the preceptors' satisfaction with the programme's comprehensiveness, appropriateness, and relevance.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study, with the same participants followed at different time points (i.e., pretest‐posttest interventional design). The sample size was calculated to represent 10% of the sample expected for the main study, utilising a stratified convenience sampling technique. Preceptor self‐efficacy was assessed using the Preceptor Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, a validated 21‐item questionnaire. Preceptor knowledge was assessed through a 25‐item multiple‐choice question test. Satisfaction with programme content and delivery was assessed through a 14‐item questionnaire with open comments.ResultsThirty pretest‐posttest respondents for the PSEQ assessment, and 26 pretest‐posttest respondents for the knowledge assessment were appropriately matched and analysed. Participation in the self‐efficacy questionnaire resulted in a statistically significant increase in their posttest median score (pretest‐to‐posttest: 3.3‐to‐3.6, p = 0.001). Participation in the knowledge assessment resulted in a statistically significant increased posttest mean score (pretest‐to‐posttest: 10.2‐to‐15.7, p < 0.001). Participants indicated high levels of satisfaction with the programme (average score = 4.42/5).ConclusionsOur findings suggest the programme is effective as demonstrated through a significant improvement in preceptors' self‐efficacy and knowledge. Recommendations for future iterations include placing greater focus on active learning strategies, and inter‐disciplinary interactions.
Clinical presentation, pregnancy complications, and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID‐19 during the Omicron‐dominant third wave in Mumbai, India
Authors: Mahajan Niraj N. , Kesarwani Shweta , Salunke Chetna , Kumbhar Padmaja , Yenkure Piyusha , Shaikh Juvairiya , Shikhare Shrutika , Mahale Smita D. , Sachdeva Geetanjali , Gajbhiye Rahul K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study clinical presentation, disease severity, pregnancy complications, and maternal outcomes in women affected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during the third wave compared with the first and second waves of COVID‐19.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted among 2058 pregnant and postpartum women with COVID‐19 admitted during three wave periods at a tertiary care COVID‐19‐dedicated hospital.ResultsThe number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) ‐infected pregnant and postpartum women with symptoms of COVID‐19 was four times higher during the third wave compared with the first (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5–6.0, P < 0.001). There was a significantly lower proportion of pregnant and postpartum women with moderate to severe COVID‐19 during the third wave (0.6%, 2/318) compared with those during the first wave (2.4%, 27/1143, P < 0.001) and second wave (14.4%, 86/597, P < 0.001). The intensive care/high dependency unit admissions during the third wave were significantly lower (2.5%, 8/318) than during the second wave (14.7%, 88/597; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.3, P < 0.001) but similar to the first wave (2.4%, 27/1143).ConclusionsDecreased severity of COVID‐19, reduced maternal mortality, and morbidity were reported in the third wave compared with the first wave and second wave of COVID‐19 in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India.Trial RegistrationThe study is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (Registration no: CTRI/2020/05/025423).
Error analysis driven network modification for surgical tools detection in laparoscopic frames
Authors: Yin Bohan , Wang Shengsheng , Lu Shuzhen , Wang Guangyao , Dong Liyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, accurate detection of the location and specific category of surgical tools assists the surgeon in making a correct objective judgment of the current surgical outcome and alerts to these possible adverse medical events. In this paper, an analyzing error method is proposed for revealing the specific sources of error in previous work. Then we confirm the main bottlenecks of the current methods with a high level of missing error and localization error. To reduce these errors, we render the backbone with a three‐dimensional attention mechanism and adopt a double‐headed detection head design to replace the single detection head. Moreover, we propose an enhanced multilayer perceptron called Mconv to enhance the localization branch of the double‐headed detection head. Our experiments evaluate our improved approach by our proposed error analysis method on a pubic dataset m2cai16‐tool‐locations, showing that our method yield remarkable detection accuracy than others.
Product sales and unintentional name association with the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Zheng Yuqing , Wang Lingxiao , Zhao Shuoli , Hu Wuyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCorona beer inadvertently shares part of its name with the cause of the COVID‐19 pandemic, known as the coronavirus. Using Nielsen data of the U.S. beer retail purchases, we treat the pandemic as a natural experiment to test the effect of negative name association on Corona beer sales. Results reveal that each confirmed case of COVID‐19 led to a $5.3 increase in weekly Corona beer sales compared with the other major beer brands. Results suggest heterogeneous impacts of the pandemic on producers of different sizes. Analysis using synthetic control and various identification strategies for the pandemic corroborates the main conclusion.
Distinguishing tumor from healthy tissue in human liver ex vivo using machine learning and multivariate analysis of diffuse reflectance spectra
Authors: Reistad Nina , Sturesson Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to distinguish malignant liver tissues from surrounding tissues and to determine whether an extended wavelength range (450‐1550 nm) offers any advantages over using the conventional wavelength range. Furthermore, multivariate analysis combined with a machine learning algorithm, either linear discriminant analysis or the more advanced support vector machine, was used to discriminate between and classify freshly excised human liver specimens from 18 patients. Tumors were distinguished from surrounding liver tissues with a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 100%, classification rate of 100% and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 100% using the extended wavelength range and a combination of principal component analysis and support vector techniques. The results indicate that this technology may be useful in clinical applications for real‐time tissue diagnostics of tumor margins where rapid classification is important.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Boyle Rebecca L , Psoter Kevin J , Merlo Christian A , Sidhaye Aniket R , Lechtzin Noah , Patel Shivani , Montemayor Kristina , Horne Alexandra , West Natalie E 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTSingle‐center studies have suggested that up to 70% of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) have lower than expected bone mineral density (BMD), substantially higher than the 25% prevalence reported from national registries. We determined the prevalence of low BMD in CF adults at our center and assessed risk factors for low BMD. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in all CF patients ≥18 years of age who had a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan performed at the Johns Hopkins Adult Cystic Fibrosis center between 2010 and 2018. Prevalence and incidence of low BMD during the study period were determined. Poisson regression based on generalized estimating equations and robust standard errors were used to evaluate selected risk factors and risk of disease progression. A total of 234 individuals underwent an initial DXA scan. At this scan, prevalence of low BMD was 52.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.0–59.1). A total of 43.6% were at risk for CF‐related low BMD (AR‐CFLBMD) (95% CI 37.1–50.2) and 9.0% had CF‐related low BMD (CFRLBMD) (95% CI 5.6–13.4). Of the 25 with normal BMD at initial scan and a subsequent follow‐up scan, 8 (32.0%) progressed to AR‐CFLBMD. Of the 53 with AR‐CFLBMD on initial scan and a subsequent scan, 6 (11.3%) progressed to CFLBMD, 9 (17.0%) returned to normal BMD, and 38 (71.7%) remained AR‐CFLBMD. Older age (relative risk [RR] = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.01) and male sex (RR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.04–1.66) were associated with increased risk of low BMD, while higher forced expiratory volume over 1 second (FEV1%) predicted (RR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.99–1.00) and body mass index (BMI; RR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.94–1.00) were associated with lower risk for low BMD. The fact that more than half of all individuals were found to have lower than expected BMD suggests that the actual prevalence may be higher than currently reported in national registries. This supports the importance of universal bone health screening of all CF adults. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles: Chemical and green synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of their effects on caprine testis in vitro
Authors: Sharma Rajnesh K. , Bareja Sneha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present research was designed to investigate the potential effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by both chemical and green method in caprine testis. In this study, rod‐shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) with diameter less than 100 nm were prepared by chemical and green method using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Ocimum sanctum leaf extract as stabilizing agents respectively. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, LCMS, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDX were utilized to characterize the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The histomorphological alterations of both chemically synthesized and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated after administration of two doses (10 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml) for exposure duration of 4 h and 8 h. Chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles induced significant damage in testicular cells in dose and time‐dependent manner. The Histomorphological changes included desquamation in germinal epithelium, pyknosis in germ cells, increased vacuolization, loss of mature spermatozoa from lumen and wide interstitial space between seminiferous tubules. Protective effects of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were recorded at lower dose whereas some alterations were observed when treated with 20 µg/ml for 4 h and 8 h culture duration. The results confirmed that phytochemicals present in leaf extract of O. sanctum mitigated the zinc oxide nanoparticles induced toxicity, proving biosynthesized nanoparticles are better than chemically synthesized nanoparticles.
Oxidation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone to quinclorac by oxygen
Authors: Long Xiang‐li , Song Lin‐peng , Guo Feng , Wen Di 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinclorac (3,7‐dichloro‐8‐quinolinecarboxylic acid) is commercially produced from the partial oxidation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone by nitric acid in 98% sulfuric acid. Such technology suffers from some shortcomings, such as the discharge of NOx and wastewater, and the formation of nitro compounds. Oxygen is a clean, cheap oxidant. The key to realizing the production of quinclorac by oxidizing 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone with oxygen is the development of an efficient catalyst.RESULTSThe transformation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone to quinclorac oxidized by O2 molecule in acetic acid solution can be accomplished under a homogeneous catalyst system composed of H3PMo12O40/Ce/Co/Br. Experiments show that the optimal catalytic system consists of 0.209 (wt)% phosphomolybdic acid, 0.022 (wt)% Ce(III), 0.027 (wt)% Co(II) and 0.0161 (wt)% Br−.CONCLUSIONTemperature is an important parameter affecting reaction rate. The influence of oxygen concentration in the gas phase on quinclorac yield and 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone conversion is great. The activation energy of this catalytic reaction is 57.6 kJ mol−1. The reaction orders for oxygen and 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone are 0.26 and 0.93, respectively. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Rapid and universal detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A virus using a reusable dual‐channel optic fiber immunosensor
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhao Rongtao , Wang Yule , Song Dan , Jiang Bo , Guo Xudong , Liu Wanying , Long Feng , Song Hongbin , Hao Rongzhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstablishment of rapid on‐site detection technology capable of concurrently detecting SARS‐Cov‐2 and influenza A virus is urgent to effectively control the epidemic from these two types of important viruses. Accordingly, we developed a reusable dual‐channel optical fiber immunosensor (DOFIS), which utilized the evanescent wave‐sensing properties and tandem detection mode of the mobile phase, effectively accelerating the detection process such that it can be completed within 10 min. It could detect the nucleoprotein of multiple influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and H7N9), as well as the spike proteins of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron and Delta variants, and could respond to 20 TCID50/ml SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus and 100 TCID50/ml influenza A (A/PR/8/H1N1), presenting lower limit of detection and wider linear range than enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The detection results on 26 clinical samples for SARS‐CoV‐2 demonstrated its specificity (100%) and sensitivity (94%), much higher than the sensitivity of commercial colloidal gold test strip (35%). Particularly, DOFIS might be reused more than 80 times, showing not only cost‐saving but also potential in real‐time monitoring of the pathogenic viruses. Therefore, this newly‐developed DOFIS platform is low cost, simple to operate, and has broad spectrum detection capabilities for SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations and multiple influenza A strains. It may prove suitable for deployment as a rapid on‐site screening and surveillance technique for infectious disease.
Effects of electron beam irradiation treatment on the structural and functional properties of okara insoluble dietary fiber
Authors: Feng Xumei , Chen Hua , Liang Yaru , Geng Mengjie , He Mingyu , Huang Yuyang , Li Yang , Teng Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsoluble dietary fiber (IDF) has beneficial physiological effects, such as the promoting of intestinal peristalsis, the improving of intestinal flora, and the absorbing of some harmful substances. Okara, a byproduct of soybean processing, is a potential source of IDF. But the larger particle size and poor water solubility of okara IDF have adverse effects on sensory properties and functional characteristics. Therefore, we used an emerging type of physical method is electron beam irradiation (EBI) to modify okara, and investigated that the effects of EBI doses on the structure and functional properties of okara IDF.RESULTSIt was found that the electron beam treatment damaged the crystalline structure of IDF. Observation of the surface of EBI‐treated IDF revealed a loose and porous morphology rather than the typical smooth structure. At a dose of 6 kGy, a smallest particle size and largest specific surface area of IDF was obtained, and these factors increased the apparent viscosity of an IDF dispersion. The water holding capacity, swelling capacity and the oil holding capacity upon irradiation at 6 kGy increased 74.13%, 84.76% and 41.62%, respectively. In addition, the capacity for adsorption of cholesterol, sodium cholate, glucose and nitrite ion were improved after electron beam treatment.CONCLUSIONThe modified okara IDF showed improved particle sizes and hydration properties, and these changes correlated with an improvement to the rough taste of IDF and improvements to the texture and storage period upon supplementation into food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mid‐Infrared Dynamic Wavefront Transformer Based on a Two‐Degrees‐of‐Freedom Control System
Authors: Deng Wenjun , Jiang Shibin , Shi Yuzhi , Liu Zhijun , Zang Guanxing , Qin Jin , Zhu Shiyu , Zhu Weiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVast tunable optical components are realized based on dynamic reconfigurations of the incident wavefronts, such as beam steering and tunable lens. However, the dominant paradigm of current wavefront reconfiguration technologies relies on complex control systems with degrees of freedom much larger than output wavefronts, e.g., beam steering based on spatial light modulator or phased array antennas. Here, a new paradigm for dynamic reconfiguration of arbitrary output wavefronts using control systems with the same degrees of freedom is proposed. As an example, a wavefront transformer is demonstrated using an in‐plane two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) mechanical actuation system of metasurface doublet for semi‐omnidirectional beam steering, which measures a 6‐kHz modulation speed and a 131.2° × 131.2° field of view. This paradigm can be applied to metasurface transformers for dynamic wavefront reconfiguration with any control system for vast applications, such as tunable lens, beam steering, and dynamic beam profiler, just to name a few.