bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety disorders across middle childhood and early adolescence in a UK population‐based cohort
Authors: Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Hett Danielle , Humpston Clara , Mallikarjun Pavan K. , Marwaha Steven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatterns of development and underlying factors explaining anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are under‐researched, despite their high prevalence, impact and associations with other mental disorders. We aimed to a] understand the pattern and persistence of specific anxiety disorders; b] examine differing trajectories of symptoms of specific anxiety disorders and; c] examine socio‐demographic and health‐related predictors of persistent anxiety disorder‐specific symptoms, across middle childhood to early adolescence.MethodsThe current study used data from 8122 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment questionnaire was administered to parents to capture child and adolescent anxiety total scores and DAWBA‐derived diagnoses. Separation anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, acute stress reaction, and generalized anxiety at 8, 10 and 13 years were selected. Further, we included the following socio‐demographic and health‐related predictors: sex, birth weight, sleep difficulties at 3.5 years, ethnicity, family adversity, maternal age at birth, maternal postnatal anxiety, maternal postnatal depression, maternal bonding, maternal socio‐economic status and maternal education.ResultsDifferent anxiety disorders presented different prevalence and patterns of development over time. Further, latent class growth analyses yielded a trajectory characterized by individuals with persistent high levels of anxiety across childhood and adolescence; for specific phobia (high = 5.8%; moderate = 20.5%; low = 73.6%), social anxiety (high = 3.4%; moderate = 12.1%; low = 84.5%), acute stress reaction (high = 1.9%; low = 98.1%) and generalized anxiety (high = 5.4%; moderate = 21.7%; low = 72.9%). Finally, the risk factors associated with each of the persistent high levels of anxiety disorders were child sleeping difficulties and postnatal maternal depression and anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings show that a small group of children and young adolescents continue to suffer from frequent and severe anxiety. When considering treatment strategies for anxiety disorders in this group, children's sleep difficulties and postnatal maternal depression and anxiety need to be assessed as these may predict a more prolonged and severe course of illness.
Perinatal exposure to glyphosate‐based herbicides induced neurodevelopmental behaviors impairments and increased oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in offspring
Authors: de Oliveira Maria A. L. , Rojas Viviana C. T. , de Sá Josiane C. , de Novais Cíntia O. , Silva Mariana S. , de Almeida Paula Hudsara Aparecida , Kirsten Thiago B. , Bernardi Maria Martha , Pinheiro Lucas Cézar , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre , Vilela Fabiana C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlyphosate is the organophosphate pesticide most widely used in the world. Recent studies correlate exposure to glyphosate and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, it was objective to propose a rat model of perinatal exposure to glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) to study associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Behavioral aspects and brain pathways were assessed in the prepubertal phase. For this, maternal treatment occurred throughout the entire gestation period (from GD0) until weaning on postnatal day 22 (PND 22). Control group received oral gavage with 5 mL/kg of saline per day and GBH group received oral gavage with 50 mg/kg of GBH per day (n = 10 per group). Maternal behavior was evaluated in PND 2–6. Offspring were evaluated for quantification of ultrasonic vocalizations (PND 5); homing behavior test (PND 13); and hole board, social play behavior, open field, and object recognition tests (PND 28–32). Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the offspring were processed to evaluate oxidative stress. Maternal exposure to GBH impaired early social communication, olfactory discrimination, social play behavior, and the exploration of objects, in addition to increasing repetitive and stereotyped movements. GBH also increased oxidative stress. Therefore, perinatal GBH exposure induced behavioral and oxidative stress impairments in rats associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The manifestations found in the offspring are in accordance with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
Microscopic (LM and SEM) visualization of pollen ultrastructure among honeybee flora from lower Margalla Hills and allied areas
Authors: Zafar Aqeela , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Amir Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq , Kilic Omer , Fatima Anam , Habib Darima , Sultana Shazia , Majeed Salman , Attique Rafia , Nabila  
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroscopic visualization of micro‐morphological characters were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) tool, which has proven to be very successful to analyze the pollen surface peculiarities. The significant goal of this research was to perform microscopic examination of pollen of some of the most frequently visited honeybee floral species around apiaries. Micro‐morphological characterization of frequented honeybees foraged plants were discussed. A total of 15 species, belonging to 11 different families were identified for the foraging activities of honeybees, namely, Lantana camara, Jatropha integerrima, Helianthus annuus, Tecoma stans, Lagerstroemia indica, Duranta erecta, Cosmos sulphureus, Hymenocollis littoralis, Moringa oleifera, Cestrum nocturnum, Parthenium hysterophorus, Volkameria inermis, Catharanthus roseus, Malvastrum coromandelianum, and Citharexylum spinosum. The microscopic slides were prepared using the acetolysis method, and the qualitative and quantitative features were measured and described using microscopic tools. The pollen type sculpture varies from psilate scabrate to echinate and colpi from tricolpate to tetracolpate. Quantitative parameters such as polar diameter, mesocolpium distance, equatorial dimensions, aperture size, spine diameter, and exine thickness were calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The exine thickness was measured at its maximum in C. roseus (3.85 μm), whereas it was at its minimum of 0.90 μm in L. indica and D. erecta. Pollen fertility was estimated to be highest in H. annus (88%). The current research validates scanning microscopic features of pollen of the honeybee floral species, which is helpful for the accurate identification and commercializing of honey production to generate revenue for beekeepers through the exploration of bee floral diversity.Research Highlights
Pollen spectrum examination using microscopic imaging techniques.
Variations examined through scanning microscopy in pollen ultrastructure.
Micro‐morphology has taxonomic value for accurate identification of honeybee flora.
Authentication of Honeybee floral species for sustainable beekeeping.
Acute toxicity and patient‐reported outcomes in anal canal cancer: results of a pilot study
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Le Cornu Emma , Bui Thanh , Bernard Anne , Mai Tao , Harvey Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAnal canal cancer (ACC) is uncommon. The gold standard of care is chemoradiotherapy treatment. However, this treatment is associated with considerable acute and late side effects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate acute toxicity and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) in these patients from planning to 3 months after treatment.MethodsSixteen patients were recruited to this prospective observational study from March 2015 to December 2017. All patients received volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in 30#. Toxicity data were graded by a Radiation Oncologist using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects (CTCAE) version 4 at planning, weekly during treatment, 6‐week and 3‐month post‐treatment. PRO data were collected using the EORTC QLQ C30 and CR29 questionnaires completed by patients at planning, mid and end treatment and 3‐month post‐treatment.ResultsThe majority of toxicity and PRO items peaked in severity at the end of treatment (week 6). Skin was the only item where >50% of patients had ≥ grade 2 toxicity at any point with 75% having ≥ grade 2 at week 6. Patient‐reported embarrassment significantly increased over time (P < 0.001). No meaningful relationships were found between PRO and CTCAE results.ConclusionAfter reaching their maximum severity at the end of treatment, the majority of toxicity and PRO items approached baseline levels by 3‐month post‐treatment. The results of this study suggest that PROs are an important complementary tool to CTCAE and provide greater understanding of patients' perception of treatment side effects.
Decreases in the urban heat island effect during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown in Wuhan, China: Observational evidence
Authors: Shanlei Sun , Decheng Zhou , Haishan Chen , Jinjian Li , Yongjian Ren , Hong Liao , Yibo Liu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown in early 2020 reduced human activities in Wuhan, China, thereby altering the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The epidemic period (EP) during January 1, 2020–May 31, 2020 is divided into four stages, including pre‐lockdown, first (EP_LS1) and second (EP_LS2) lockdown, and after‐lockdown (EP_ALS) stages, which are identified according to different antivirus measures in early 2020 and confirmed by comparing the daily electricity consumption over the Wuhan metropolitan area during 2020 and 2019. Then, the Wuhan UHI intensity (UHII) during each stage is compared to that during the baseline period of 2016–2019 and 2021. Daytime, night‐time, and daily UHIIs are reduced; the larger decrease is during EP_LS1 and EP_LS2, of which EP_LS1 with the strictest antivirus measures shows a significant decrease (<−0.12°C or <−36%), especially during night‐time with −0.23 ± 0.05°C (or −47 ± 9%). The declined UHII persists in all stages (excluding EP_ALS), even after removing the natural variability of the air temperature; EP_LS1 still exhibits the largest and significant decrease (<−0.18°C or <−52%). To remove possible impacts of the local weather conditions, the UHII changes are recalculated by randomly sampling the 90, 80, 70, and 60% data points in each stage of EP with 1,000 repetitions. Results suggest limited influence of the local weather conditions, and then validate our findings. This study provides an important observational evidence of human‐induced control on urban climate, and further confirms the necessity to include human dynamics in climate/earth system models for better simulating and predicting urban climate.
Heat stress in the Caribbean: Climatology, drivers, and trends of human biometeorology indices
Authors: Di Napoli Claudia , Allen Theodore , Méndez‐Lázaro Pablo A. , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForty years (1980–2019) of reanalysis data were used to investigate climatology and trends of heat stress in the Caribbean region. Represented via the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), a multivariate thermophysiological‐relevant parameter, the highest heat stress is found to be most frequent and geographically widespread during the rainy season (August, September, and October). UTCI trends indicate an increase of more than 0.2°C·decade−1, with southern Florida and the Lesser Antilles witnessing the greatest upward rates (0.45°C·decade−1). Correlations with climate variables known to induce heat stress reveal that the increase in heat stress is driven by increases in air temperature and radiation, and decreases in wind speed. Conditions of heat danger, as depicted by the heat index (HI), have intensified since 1980 (+1.2°C) and are found to occur simultaneously to conditions of heat stress suggesting a synergy between heat illnesses and physiological responses to heat. This work also includes the analysis of the record‐breaking 2020 heat season during which the UTCI and HI achieved above average values, indicating that local populations most likely experienced heat stress and danger higher than the ones they are used to. These findings confirm the gradual intensification of heat stress in the Caribbean and aim to provide a guidance for heat‐related policies in the region.
Raman spectroscopy study of damage in swift heavy ion‐irradiated ceramics
Authors: Costantini Jean‐Marc , Gutierrez Gaëlle , Lelong Gérald , Guillaumet Maxime , Rahman Md. Majidur , Yasuda Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRaman scattering is applied to probe the radiation damage in swift heavy ion‐irradiated ceramics, namely zirconium nitride (ZrN), ceria (CeO2), and yttria‐stabilized zirconia (ZrO2: Y, or YSZ) for about the same high electronic stopping power of heavy ions. Raman spectra show that these ceramics are radiation‐resistant materials that are not amorphized by such irradiations even for large ion track overlap at high fluences. However, for ZrN, the increase of the TA/LA and TO/LO band intensities versus fluence is evidenced after 100‐MeV Xe ion irradiation up to a saturation for the fluence of 3 × 1012 cm−2. The band growths are ascribed to the increase of the concentration of Zr and N vacancies induced by electronic excitations inside tracks. However, the diffuse reflectance spectra do not exhibit any clear modifications of the electronic structure. For ceria, the decrease and broadening of the main F2g peak of the fluorite‐like structure and the growth of a broad defect band assigned to oxygen vacancy formation is observed versus fluence up to 1014 cm−2 for 200‐MeV Xe ion irradiation. For YSZ, Raman spectra mainly give evidence of the intrinsic lattice disorder due to the native oxygen vacancies even up to high fluences of about 3 × 1013 cm−2 for 200‐MeV I and 200‐MeV Au ion irradiation. Results are discussed on the basis of the interplay between the native structural disorder and the radiation‐induced disorder by electronic excitations in these three materials.
A novel breathable package system to improve the fresh fig (Ficus carica L. ‘Dottato’) shelf life
Authors: Attilio Matera , Giuseppe Altieri , Francesco Genovese , Luciano Scarano , Giuseppe Genovese , Carlo Di Renzo Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe postharvest management of fresh figs is a susceptible phase that could impair the quality standards. Given the high perishability, their marketing is limited to around the production areas using open punnets and when marketed non‐locally the use of modified‐atmosphere packaging enables their quality maintenance up to 7–14 days, depending upon the cultivar, storage temperature, and packaging system. We show the results of the effectiveness of an innovative packaging system endowed with a breathable device (Blow Device®, BD) for fresh fig storage. BD was evaluated in comparison with a sealed (S) and a macro‐perforated film‐based tray (MF), at 2 and 8 °C.ResultsThe lowest rot decay incidence was observed in S and BD (5–20% after 21 days). S significantly mitigated rot and physical–mechanical decay rate compared with BD and MF. However, S led to anoxia, with relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) content (30–40%), tray volume increasing, and the highest titratable acidity values. The exploitation of BD led to 10–15% oxygen (O2) and 5–10% CO2, along with storage. After 14 days, the figs packed with BD had a negligible mass loss (0.2%) and excellent marketing quality parameters at both temperatures tested.ConclusionExploiting an open or sealed container for extend the fresh fig' storage is not appropriate due to the severe effect of O2 or CO2 accumulation, respectively. BD enables the maintenance of high quality standards for up to 21 days at 2 °C, suggesting it could represent a profitable and sustainable solution to prevent decay after picking and reduce food losses along with wider marketability. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamics of fine roots and soil nitrogen in Mangifera indica‐based agroforestry systems in the Central Himalayan region, India
Authors: Karki Himani , Bargali Kiran , Bargali Surendra Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study estimated seasonal variations among several parameters of the fine roots and N dynamics in Mangifera indica‐based agroforestry systems; we examined homegarden (HG), agri‐horticulture (AH) and agri‐horti‐silviculture (AHS) systems in the Bhabhar area of the Indian Central Himalayan region. Fine roots biomass (FRB) and fine roots production (FRP) of M. indica were highest in the AH system and lowest in the HG system while fine roots turnover (FRT) showed a reverse trend. FRB, FRP and FRT rates decreased with soil depth and distance from the tree base, with larger variations in the AH system. The biomass: necromass ratio varied between 1.91 and 2.42 for HG, between 2.27 and 3.29 for AH and between 2.09 and 2.46 for AHS systems. Among all the selected agroforestry systems, concentrations of mineral N (NH4‐N and NO3‐N) were higher in the AH system and lower in the AHS system while net N mineralization rates were higher in the AHS system. In HGs, FRB it was significantly correlated with ammonification, nitrification and N mineralization while in the AH system it was positively correlated with nitrification and N mineralization. In the AHS system, it was positively correlated with ammonification only. Thus, it can be concluded that in agroforestry systems FRB was enhanced by rapid N mineralization. The variability in FRB and N mineralization between selected agroforestry systems were possibly due to the differences in soil characteristics and management practices. For enrichment of soil nutrients, the contribution of fine roots could be of more importance through the process of decomposition under the prevailing agroforestry systems.
Tunneling Percolation Mechanism of Conductivity for PEDOT:PSS in Hydrophilic PDMS Composite for the Fabrication of Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Ali Muhammad Zeshan , Ishak Ku Marsilla Ku , Zawawi Mohamad Adzhar Md , Jaafar Mariatti , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConducting polymer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has interesting properties of tunable electrical conductivity and facile processability. Stretchable electronic materials and devices have become the focus of research and industrial communities with increasing demand of the Internet of Things (IOT)‐based wearable gadgets. Stretchable applications based on PEDOT:PSS demand its blending with a durable polymer matrix such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this research work, a homogeneous conductive ink comprising of hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS and hydrophobic PDMS is developed by using a bi‐functional (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane (GPTMS) as coupling agent to form a cross‐link network through interphase interactions. Low percolation threshold of conductive ink is achieved at 0.236 wt% of solid PEDOT concentration. Power law of percolation behavior, from experimental results, reveals a nonuniversal critical component‐t value of 3.04, signifying the occurrence of a tunneling‐percolation conductivity mechanism. Iterative curve fitting based on an analytical model gives a good simulated conductive behavior with relation to geometrical parameters of conducting particles such that optimal thickness of interphase is found to be 2.86 nm. The developed strain sensor is highly sensitive with gauge factor (GF) of 148 and stretchable up to 50% strain with fast response time of 130 millisecond and shows good dynamic stability with minimal hysteresis loss. The strain sensor successfully captures real‐time finger and wrist motions.
Segmental Relaxation Dynamics in Amorphous Polylactide Exposed to UV Light
Authors: Araujo Steven , Sainlaud Chloé , Delpouve Nicolas , Richaud Emmanuel , Delbreilh Laurent , Dargent Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe degradation of polylactide (PLA) under UV exposure is investigated in terms of cooperativity and kinetic fragility at the glass transition. In the first part, possibly coexisting degradation mechanisms are evoked from the interpretation of the infrared spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, the reduction of PLA chain length, owing to photolytic scissions predominant over local crosslinks, is assessed from chromatography, and confirmed by the shift of the glass transition temperature toward lower temperature. Modulated temperature thermogravimetric analysis (MT‐TGA) also shows that the activation energy needed to initiate thermal degradation falls after UV exposure. In the second part, the impact of UV‐induced degradation on the cooperative rearranging region (CRR) size and the kinetic fragility, respectively, calculated thanks to calorimetric and dielectric measurements, is discussed. Despite the assumed concomitance of several degradation mechanisms, it is observed that the glass transition, the kinetic fragility, and the CRR size decrease together with the exposure time. Moreover, it is found that the data align well on another trend depicting the change in the relaxation properties caused by plasticization of PLA. Thus, the variations of segmental relaxation properties caused by UV may be related to the increase of free volume linked to the damaging of the PLA structure.
Lysosome‐Targeting Polysiloxane Fluorescent Probe for Continuous Detection of Fe3+, Cu2+, and H2O2
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Ding Guowei , Gai Fengqing , Zhang Kun , Gou Zhiming , Zuo Yujing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, a simple and nontoxic polysiloxane fluorescent probe (P1) is synthesized to detect iron ions, copper ions, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Interestingly, both Fe3+ and Cu2+ can gradually quench the fluorescence intensity of the probe, and H2O2 can reproduce the probe quenched by Cu2+ instead of Fe3+. The probe shows high selectivity and photostability, and the fluorescence intensity can keep at 95.77% after irradiation at 260 nm for 40 min. In addition, P1 can stably locate lysosome. With excellent property, the probe as lysosome tracker has broad application prospects in detection and biological imaging.
Controllable Preparation of Porous Polypropylene Piezoelectrets Using Crystallization Self‐Reinforcement Method Induced by the Variable Thermal History
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Xu Linjie , Zheng Na , Yang Jiang , Jiang Ziyin , Zhang Cailiang , Yao Zhen , Tang Longcheng , Cao Kun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA porous linear isostatic polypropylene (iPP) piezoelectret with oriented cell structure is controllably prepared by crystallization self‐reinforcement method based on a unique variable thermal history. In this multi‐step one‐pot foaming strategy, the iPP sheet placed in a 1D confined space undergoes appropriate initial heating, quenching, reheating, and pressure relief process assisted with supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The crystallization self‐reinforcement of iPP is realized by inducing the formation of closely packed crystals, whose residual lamellae in the melt serve as the nodes to enhance the melt strength during reheating. The above closely packed lamellae are used as the heterogeneous nucleating cell sites as well as the crystal nuclei in the CO2 relief process. This makes the cells easier to deform in a 1D restricted space and form uniformly oriented cells. Furthermore, the static piezoelectric coefficient of the porous iPP piezoelectret with the optimal expansion ratio and orientation ratio of 18.8 and 6.6 is 700 pC/N, reaching 1.5 times that of commercial porous PP piezoelectret. Moreover, piezoelectric energy harvester made with porous iPP piezoelectret can light up 22 LED lights arranged in ZJU word. Therefore, the novel foaming strategy provides a new insight for uniform preparation of the polymer foams with oriented cells.