bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cage‐size effects on the encapsulation of P2 by fullerenes
Authors: Sabater Enric , Solà Miquel , Salvador Pedro , Andrada Diego M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2, given its weak π‐bonds or strong σ‐bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well‐known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4, we show that the fullerenes C70–C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host‐guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
Electrophilicity index revisited
Authors: Pal Ranita , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and accessible review of general interest to the chemistry community; because the electrophilicity index is a very useful global reactivity descriptor defined within a conceptual density functional theory framework. Our group has also introduced electrophilicity based new global and local reactivity descriptors and also new associated electronic structure principles, which are important indicators of structure, stability, bonding, reactivity, interactions, and dynamics in a wide variety of physico‐chemical systems and processes. This index along with its local counterpart augmented by the associated electronic structure principles could properly explain molecular vibrations, internal rotations and various types of chemical reactions. The concept of the electrophilicity index has been extended to dynamical processes, excited states, confined environment, spin‐dependent and temperature‐dependent situations, biological activity, site selectivity, aromaticity, charge removal and acceptance, presence of external perturbation through solvents, external electric and magnetic fields, and so forth. Although electrophilicity and its local variant can adequately interpret the behavior of a wide variety of systems and different physico‐chemical processes involving them, their predictive potential remains to be explored. An exhaustive review on all these aspects will set the tone of the future research in that direction.
The impact of COVID‐19 on Western Australian medical imaging clinical practice and workplace
Authors: Dann Chloe , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedical imaging plays a key role in the management of patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). This field is at risk from the impacts of the pandemic on the practice and workplace of medical imaging professionals (MIPs). Recent research has explored this impact internationally and in various states of Australia; however, the impact of the pandemic on Western Australian (WA) MIPs is yet to be examined.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study aimed to address this issue by surveying clinically practicing WA MIPs on their experience of the impact of COVID‐19. The survey was conducted online between the 1st and the 31st of May 2021 and encompassed 101 clinical sites.ResultsFifty‐one valid (17.1%) responses were recorded, and a majority (66.7%) of the participants were employed in public hospitals. The results showed that most participants (94.1%) perceived an impact on their clinical practice, with expressions of insufficient access to personal protective equipment (PPE). The use of all the appropriate PPE items were dependent on whether the participants were employed in a public hospital, private hospital, or a private practice (P = 0.001). Perceived imaging volume decrease across modalities did not differ significantly among the workplaces, except for interventional radiology (P = 0.006). The participants also expressed concerns about inadequate psychological support.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 has enhanced infection control procedures and modified the routine imaging patterns. Specifically, WA medical imaging centres have altered their PPE and cleaning procedures based on updated health advice. Efforts should be taken to strengthen the support provided to the staff members and to ensure adequate access to PPE supplies.
Soil phosphorus sorption capacity dictates the effect of elevated CO2 on soil and plant critical phosphorus levels for wheat growth
Authors: O'Sullivan James B. , Vongsouthi Kevaly , Jin Jian , Tang Caixian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRising atmospheric CO2 concentrations can increase crop yields; however, it is poorly understood if plants require higher phosphorus (P) inputs to support increased production. In addition, soils with contrasting P‐sorption capacities may alter plant response to elevated CO2.AimsWe examined the effect of elevated CO2 on the critical concentrations of soil available P and shoot P for plant growth in soils with contrasting P‐sorption capacities.MethodsResponse curves to P applications were generated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a low P‐sorption Sodosol and a high P‐sorption Ferrosol. Plants were grown for 5 weeks under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations at nine P application rates. The concentrations of plant P and soil P extracted using Olsen, Bray and Resin methods were analysed.ResultsElevated CO2 increased biomass production in both soils. Plants grown in the Ferrosol but not in the Sodosol required higher P inputs to achieve maximum biomass production in response to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 increased the critical Olsen‐P but decreased the critical Bray‐P concentrations for shoot biomass production in the Ferrosol. Elevated CO2 decreased the critical P concentration in shoots of plants grown in the Sodosol but not in the Ferrosol.ConclusionsThe effect of P fertilisation on plant response to elevated CO2 depends on soil type. Elevated CO2 also potentially alters P acquisition mechanisms of plants, which requires adjustment of the critical P concentration in shoot and in soil depending on soil P‐sorption capacity and the analytical method used to assess P availability.
Facial Paralysis in Skull Base Osteomyelitis – Comparison of Surgical and Nonsurgical Management
Authors: Freeman Michael H. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Tawfik Kareem O. , O'Malley Matthew R. , Labadie Robert F. , Haynes David S. , Bennett Marc L. 
Published: May 2022

TitleFacial Paralysis in Skull Base Osteomyelitis – Comparison of Surgical and Nonsurgical Management.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management in cases of facial paresis secondary to skull base osteomyelitis.MethodsA 14 patients presenting with skull base osteomyelitis complicated by facial nerve paresis at a single tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were treated with medical therapy with or without surgical intervention, consisting of mastoidectomy and debridement with or without facial nerve decompression. House‐Brackmann (HB) Grade was the main outcome measure.ResultsA 14 patients (average age 68 years, range 58–82 years, 71% male) were analyzed, with 5 undergoing facial nerve decompression (36%), 5 undergoing mastoidectomy without facial nerve decompression (36%), and 4 undergoing medical management alone (28%). Of the 4 patients who underwent medical therapy alone, none experienced significant improvement in facial function. Of the 5 patients who underwent facial nerve decompression, 3 patients experienced improved facial function. Of the 5 patients who underwent mastoidectomy without decompression, 4 experienced improved facial function. There was no clear link between the severity of infection and the severity of facial paresis. When comparing HB score changes before and after treatment across groups, there was no statistically significant difference seen (p = 0.47).ConclusionsMastoidectomy and debridement with or without facial nerve decompression may improve facial nerve outcomes when compared to isolated medical management, although differences were not of statistical significance. The best facial nerve recoveries occurred in patients undergoing surgery within 14 days of the onset of paralysis.Level of Evidence4 – Case Series Laryngoscope, 133:179–183, 2023
What is the Current State of Extended Reality Use in Otolaryngology Training? A Scoping Review
Authors: Zagury‐Orly Ivry , Solinski Mark A. , Nguyen Lily HP. , Young Meredith , Drozdowski Veronica , Bain Paul A. , Gantwerker Eric A. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo map current literature on the educational use of extended reality (XR) in Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) to inform teaching and research.Study DesignScoping Review.MethodsA scoping review was conducted, identifying literature through MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science databases. Findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping review checklist. Studies were included if they involved OHNS trainees or medical students who used XR for an educational purpose in OHNS. XR was defined as: fully‐immersive virtual reality (VR) using head‐mounted displays (HMDs), non‐immersive and semi‐immersive VR, augmented reality (AR), or mixed reality (MR). Data on device use were extracted, and educational outcomes were analyzed according to Kirkpatrick's evaluation framework.ResultsOf the 1,434 unique abstracts identified, 40 articles were included. All articles reported on VR; none discussed AR or MR. Twenty‐nine articles were categorized as semi‐immersive, none used occlusive HMDs therefore, none met modern definitions of immersive VR. Most studies (29 of 40) targeted temporal bone surgery. Using the Kirkpatrick four‐level evaluation model, all studies were limited to level‐1 (learner reaction) or level‐2 (knowledge or skill performance).ConclusionsCurrent educational applications of XR in OHNS are limited to VR, do not fully immerse participants and do not assess higher‐level learning outcomes. The educational OHNS community would benefit from a shared definition for VR technology, assessment of skills transfer (level‐3 and higher), and deliberate testing of AR, MR, and procedures beyond temporal bone surgery. Laryngoscope, 133:227–234, 2023
The Optimized Protocol of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Hwabin , Kong Soo‐Keun , Kim Jia , Lee Hyun‐Min , Choi Sung‐Won , Lee Il‐Woo , Oh Se‐Joon 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the optimal protocol of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) according to various treatment settings for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).MethodsA 112 patients with SSNHL were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were treated with systemic steroid therapy, intratympanic steroid therapy, and HBOT. According to the pressure and duration of HBOT (10 sessions in total), the patients were divided into three groups: group 1, 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 1 h; group 2, 2.5 ATA for 2 h; and group 3, 1.5 ATA for 1 h. The pure‐tone average (PTA), word discrimination score (WDS), and mean gain were compared.ResultsA total of 105 patients completed the 3‐month follow‐up, and 6 patients were excluded. Differences among groups were found in PTA, WDS, and mean gain. In the post‐hoc analysis, group 3 had significantly lower WDS and mean gain than groups 1 and 2; however, group 2 showed no significant differences from group 1. The proportion of patients with hearing recovery after treatment was significantly higher in group 1 (57.6%) and group 2 (58.8%) than in group 3 (31.3%).ConclusionsWhen HBOT (10 sessions) was combined with corticosteroids as the initial therapy for SSNHL, a higher pressure (1.5 ATA vs. 2.5 ATA) provided better treatment results; however, increasing the duration (1 h vs. 2 h) under 2.5 ATA did not result in a significant difference. Therefore, HBOT for SSNHL may be performed at 2.5 ATA for 1 h in 10 sessions.Laryngoscope, 133:383–388, 2023
Molecular Geometry‐Directed Self‐Recognition in the Self‐Assembly of Giant Amphiphiles
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Luo Jiancheng , Liu Tong , Wen Tao , Williams‐Pavlantos Kayla , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Liu Tianbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree sets of polyoxometalate (POM)‐based amphiphilic hybrid macromolecules with different rigidity in their organic tails are used as models to understand the effect of molecular rigidity on their possible self‐recognition feature during self‐assembly processes. Self‐recognition is achieved in the mixed solution of two structurally similar, sphere‐rigid T‐shape‐linked oligofluorene(TOF4) rod amphiphiles, with the hydrophilic clusters being Anderson (Anderson‐TOF4) and Dawson (Dawson‐TOF4), respectively. Anderson‐TOF4 is observed to self‐assemble into onion‐like multilayer structures and Dawson‐TOF4 forms multilayer vesicles. The self‐assembly is controlled by the interdigitation of hydrophobic rods and the counterion‐mediated attraction among charged hydrophilic inorganic clusters. When the hydrophobic blocks are less rigid, e.g., partially rigid polystyrene and fully flexible alkyl chains, self‐recognition is not observed, attributing to the flexible conformation of hydrophobic molecules in the solvophobic domain. This study reveals that the self‐recognition among amphiphiles can be achieved by the geometrical limitation of the supramolecular structure due to the rigidity of solvophobic domains.
Curing, thermal, tensile and flammability characteristics of sepiolite/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber composites with glut palmitate salt and silane coupling agents
Authors: Mohd Zaini Nurul Aizan , Samsudin Dalina , Rusli Arjulizan , Ismail Hanafi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of a newly synthesized glut palmitate (GP) salt and a commercially available (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) as coupling agents in sepiolite (SEP) filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM/SEP) composites. The unmodified and modified composites with different amounts of SEP were prepared with an open two‐roll mill and the morphology, cure characteristics, tensile properties, flammability, and thermal stability were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated shifting of the related absorption peaks and confirmed the interaction between composite with the GP salt and APTMS and the successful modification of sepiolite particles in EPDM/SEP composites. The maximum torque (MH), scorch time (ts2) and cure time (t90) of the modified EPDM composites decreased with both coupling agents. Thermal stability reduced in the presence of coupling agents but the reduction is more pronounced in the composite with GP salt due to low‐temperature degradation of the fatty acid. Compared with unmodified EPDM/SEP, the tensile strength of the modified EPDM/SEP with GP and APTMS enhanced by 15% and 52%, respectively but both elongation at break and modulus were lowered. GP and APTMS were efficient coupling agents in linking the SEP and EPDM matrix, reducing the rubber‐filler interaction (Qf/Qg) from 1.00 for the EPDM/SEP composites to 0.76 and 0.64 for the EPDM/GP/SEP and EPDM/APTMS/SEP composites, respectively.
Synergistic cytotoxicity from cold atmospheric plasma and ultrasound in glioma cells
Authors: Aguiar de Carvalho Andressa M. , Scally Laurence , Tiwari Brijesh , Cullen Patrick J. , Curtin James F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether sonoporation of cancer cells using ultrasound (US) technology could enhance the anticancer effects of cold atmospheric plasma. US‐induced transient sonoporation of cancer cells with little to no cytotoxicity observed on the cell lines tested. Synergistic effects of US were observed when combined with both direct and indirect cold atmospheric plasma. These cytotoxic effects were dependent on reactive species production. To the best of our knowledge that is the first time that the effects of those two nonthermal technologies were evaluated in cancer cells, demonstrating a promising combined strategy for cancer therapies, particularly for those with penetration limitations, such as glioblastoma.
Long‐term respiratory outcomes following solid organ transplantation in children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wright M. F. A. , Blydt‐Hansen T. , Chilvers M. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolid‐organ transplantation (SOT) has become commonly used in children and is associated with excellent survival rates into adulthood. Data regarding long‐term respiratory outcomes following pediatric transplantation are lacking. We aimed to describe the prevalence and nature of respiratory pathology following pediatric heart, kidney, and liver transplant, and identify potential risk factors for respiratory complications.MethodsRetrospective review involving all children under active follow‐up at the provincial transplant service in British Columbia, Canada, following SOT.ResultsOf 118 children, 33% experienced respiratory complications, increasing to 54% in heart transplant recipients. Chronic or recurrent cough with persistent chest x‐ray changes was the most common clinical picture, and most infections were with nonopportunistic organisms typically found in otherwise healthy children. A history of respiratory illness before transplant was significantly associated with risk of posttransplant respiratory complications. Eight percentage8% were diagnosed with bronchiectasis, which was more common in recipients of heart and kidney transplant. Bronchiectasis was associated with recurrent hospital admissions with lower respiratory tract infections, treatment of acute rejection episodes, and treatment with sirolimus.InterpretationRespiratory morbidity is common after pediatric SOT, and bronchiectasis rates were disproportionately high in this patient group. We hypothesize that this relates to recurrent infections resulting from iatrogenic immunosuppression. Direct pulmonary toxicity from immunosuppression drugs may also be contributory. A high index of suspicion for respiratory complications is needed following childhood SOT, particularly in those with a history of respiratory disease before transplant, experiencing recurrent or severe respiratory tract infections, or exposed to intensified immunosuppression.
Modification of lysine deacetylation regulates curcumol‐induced necroptosis through autophagy in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Sun Sumin , Li Zhanghao , Huan Sheng , Kai Jun , Xia Siwei , Su Ying , Ji Shufan , Chen Anping , Wang Shijun , Xu Xuefen , Shao Jiangjuan , Zhang Feng , Zhang Biyun , Zhang Zili , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main characteristic of liver fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main source of ECM. The removal of activated HSCs has a reversal effect on liver fibrosis. Western blot and MTT analysis indicated that curcumol could relieve hepatic fibrosis by promoting HSCs receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1/3 (RIP1/RIP3)‐dependent necroptosis. Importantly, autophagy flow was monitored by constructing the mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 plasmid, and it was found that curcumol cleared activated HSCs in a necroptosis manner that was dependent on autophagy. Our study suggested that the activation of necrosome formed by RIP1 and RIP3 depended on Atg5, and that autophagosomes were also necessary for curcumol‐induced necroptosis. Furthermore, microscale thermophoresis and co‐immunoprecipitation assay results proved that curcumol could target Sirt1 to regulate autophagy by reducing the acetylation level of Atg5. The HSCs‐specific silencing of Sirt1 exacerbated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice. The deacetylation of Atg5 not only accelerated the accumulation of autophagosomes but also enhanced the interaction between Atg5 and RIP1/RIP3 to induce necroptosis. Overall, our study indicated that curcumol could activate Sirt1 to promote Atg5 deacetylation and enhanced its protein–protein interaction function, thereby inducing autophagy and promoting the necroptosis of HSCs to reduce liver fibrosis.
Epoprostenol‐associated ascites in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Schoenberg Noah C. , Ruopp Nicole F. , Parikh Raj D. , Farber Harrison W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of ascites in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the absence of pre‐existing hepatic dysfunction is usually associated with decompensated right heart failure or cardiac cirrhosis. Ascites in PAH has rarely been associated with intravenous epoprostenol, a synthetic form of the prostaglandin PGI2.
Microcavity Exciton‐Polariton Quantum Spin Fluids
Authors: Yang HeeBong , Kim Na Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrocavity exciton‐polaritons are attractive quantum quasi‐particles resulting from strong light–matter coupling in a quantum‐well‐cavity structure. They have become one of the most stimulating solid‐state material platforms to explore beautiful collective quantum phenomena originating from macroscopic coherence in condensation and superfluidity, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, and various topological excitations in the form of solitons, vortices, and skyrmions. They can also provide opportunities for the development of pioneering photonic devices by exploiting bistability and parametric scatterings due to strong nonlinearity that possess remarkable performance advantages of power‐efficient operation, ultrafast response time, and scalable planar geometries. This story becomes profound and fascinating when the spins of excitons are taken into account, that can be directly accessed through light polarization states. The purpose of this review is to give central principles of microcavity exciton‐polariton spins and their anisotropic interactions, which can couple with the effective magnetic fields from mode‐splitting of microcavity photons and spin‐dependent relaxation processes of quantum‐well excitons. Furthermore, notable theoretical and experimental research activities are summarized to reveal extraordinary quantum phenomena of spin‐resolved topological states and exotic spin textures and to devise novel spin‐based photonic devices based on microcavity exciton‐polaritons.