bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent origin of large labyrinth size in turtles
Authors: Evers Serjoscha W. , Joyce Walter G. , Choiniere Jonah N. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Foth Christian , Hermanson Guilherme , Yi Hongyu , Johnson Catherine M. , Werneburg Ingmar , Benson Roger B. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe labyrinth of the vertebrate inner ear is a sensory system that governs the perception of head rotations. Central hypotheses predict that labyrinth shape and size are related to ecological adaptations, but this is under debate and has rarely been tested outside of mammals. We analyze the evolution of labyrinth morphology and its ecological drivers in living and fossil turtles, an understudied group that underwent multiple locomotory transitions during 230 million years of evolution. We show that turtles have unexpectedly large labyrinths that evolved during the origin of aquatic habits. Turtle labyrinths are relatively larger than those of mammals, and comparable to many birds, undermining the hypothesis that labyrinth size correlates directly with agility across vertebrates. We also find that labyrinth shape variation does not correlate with ecology in turtles, undermining the widespread expectation that reptilian labyrinth shapes convey behavioral signal, and demonstrating the importance of understudied groups, like turtles.
Observing ground-state properties of the Fermi-Hubbard model using a scalable algorithm on a quantum computer
Authors: Stanisic Stasja , Bosse Jan Lukas , Gambetta Filippo Maria , Santos Raul A. , Mruczkiewicz Wojciech , O’Brien Thomas E. , Ostby Eric , Montanaro Ashley 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe famous, yet unsolved, Fermi-Hubbard model for strongly-correlated electronic systems is a prominent target for quantum computers. However, accurately representing the Fermi-Hubbard ground state for large instances may be beyond the reach of near-term quantum hardware. Here we show experimentally that an efficient, low-depth variational quantum algorithm with few parameters can reproduce important qualitative features of medium-size instances of the Fermi-Hubbard model. We address 1 × 8 and 2 × 4 instances on 16 qubits on a superconducting quantum processor, substantially larger than previous work based on less scalable compression techniques, and going beyond the family of 1D Fermi-Hubbard instances, which are solvable classically. Consistent with predictions for the ground state, we observe the onset of the metal-insulator transition and Friedel oscillations in 1D, and antiferromagnetic order in both 1D and 2D. We use a variety of error-mitigation techniques, including symmetries of the Fermi-Hubbard model and a recently developed technique tailored to simulating fermionic systems. We also introduce a new variational optimisation algorithm based on iterative Bayesian updates of a local surrogate model.
Quantized topological pumping of solitons in nonlinear photonics and ultracold atomic mixtures
Authors: Mostaan Nader , Grusdt Fabian , Goldman Nathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExploring the interplay between topological band structures and tunable nonlinearities has become possible with the development of synthetic lattice systems. In this emerging field of nonlinear topological physics, an experiment revealed the quantized motion of solitons in Thouless pumps and suggested that this phenomenon was dictated by the Chern number of the band from which solitons emanate. Here, we elucidate the origin of this nonlinear topological effect, by showing that the motion of solitons is established by the quantized displacement of the underlying Wannier functions. Our general theoretical approach, which fully clarifies the central role of the Chern number in solitonic pumps, provides a framework for describing the topological transport of nonlinear excitations in a broad class of physical systems. Exploiting this interdisciplinarity, we introduce an interaction-induced topological pump for ultracold atomic mixtures, where solitons of impurity atoms experience a quantized drift resulting from genuine interaction processes with their environment.
Monobody adapter for functional antibody display on nanoparticles for adaptable targeted delivery applications
Authors: Albert C. , Bracaglia L. , Koide A. , DiRito J. , Lysyy T. , Harkins L. , Edwards C. , Richfield O. , Grundler J. , Zhou K. , Denbaum E. , Ketavarapu G. , Hattori T. , Perincheri S. , Langford J. , Feizi A. , Haakinson D. , Hosgood S. A. , Nicholson M. L. , Pober J. S. , Saltzman W. M. , Koide S. , Tietjen G. T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. The use of targeted nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver therapeutics to ECs could dramatically improve efficacy by providing elevated and sustained intracellular drug levels. However, achieving sufficient levels of NP targeting in human settings remains elusive. Here, we overcome this barrier by engineering a monobody adapter that presents antibodies on the NP surface in a manner that fully preserves their antigen-binding function. This system improves targeting efficacy in cultured ECs under flow by >1000-fold over conventional antibody immobilization using amine coupling and enables robust delivery of NPs to the ECs of human kidneys undergoing ex vivo perfusion, a clinical setting used for organ transplant. Our monobody adapter also enables a simple plug-and-play capacity that facilitates the evaluation of a diverse array of targeted NPs. This technology has the potential to simplify and possibly accelerate both the development and clinical translation of EC-targeted nanomedicines.
Evolution and modulation of antigen-specific T cell responses in melanoma patients
Authors: Huuhtanen Jani , Chen Liang , Jokinen Emmi , Kasanen Henna , Lönnberg Tapio , Kreutzman Anna , Peltola Katriina , Hernberg Micaela , Wang Chunlin , Yee Cassian , Lähdesmäki Harri , Davis Mark M. , Mustjoki Satu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnalyzing antigen-specific T cell responses at scale has been challenging. Here, we analyze three types of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data (antigen-specific TCRs, TCR-repertoire, and single-cell RNA + TCRαβ-sequencing data) from 515 patients with primary or metastatic melanoma and compare it to 783 healthy controls. Although melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) -specific TCRs are restricted to individuals, they share sequence similarities that allow us to build classifiers for predicting anti-MAA T cells. The frequency of anti-MAA T cells distinguishes melanoma patients from healthy and predicts metastatic recurrence from primary melanoma. Anti-MAA T cells have stem-like properties and frequent interactions with regulatory T cells and tumor cells via Galectin9-TIM3 and PVR-TIGIT -axes, respectively. In the responding patients, the number of expanded anti-MAA clones are higher after the anti-PD1(+anti-CTLA4) therapy and the exhaustion phenotype is rescued. Our systems immunology approach paves the way for understanding antigen-specific responses in human disorders.
Biological invasions as a selective filter driving behavioral divergence
Authors: Chapple David G. , Naimo Annalise C. , Brand Jack A. , Michelangeli Marcus , Martin Jake M. , Goulet Celine T. , Brunton Dianne H. , Sih Andrew , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiological invasions are a multi-stage process (i.e., transport, introduction, establishment, spread), with each stage potentially acting as a selective filter on traits associated with invasion success. Behavior (e.g., exploration, activity, boldness) plays a key role in facilitating species introductions, but whether invasion acts as a selective filter on such traits is not well known. Here we capitalize on the well-characterized introduction of an invasive lizard (Lampropholis delicata) across three independent lineages throughout the Pacific, and show that invasion shifted behavioral trait means and reduced among-individual variation—two key predictions of the selective filter hypothesis. Moreover, lizards from all three invasive ranges were also more behaviorally plastic (i.e., greater within-individual variation) than their native range counterparts. We provide support for the importance of selective filtering of behavioral traits in a widespread invasion. Given that invasive species are a leading driver of global biodiversity loss, understanding how invasion selects for specific behaviors is critical for improving predictions of the effects of alien species on invaded communities.
Application of microtomography and petrography techniques for the characterization of porosity of synthetic carbonatic rock minerals before and after acidification processes
Authors: Galindo Katia , Lins Cecília , Guimarães Leonardo , Lima Analice , Silva Katarina , Nova Abraão 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this work is to physically characterize and analyze synthetic carbonate rocks through microtomography and petrography techniques, focusing on a comparative analysis before and after degradation with a reactive fluid. For this study, physical characterization analysis with computerized microtomography and petrography on the samples before and after the acidification procedure was performed. The petrographic analysis verified an increase in both intergranular and intragranular porosities after dissolution. The microtomography analysis quantified the maximum increase in porosity, from 11.8 to 41.3% in the two-dimensional analysis and 31.6–52% in the three-dimensional analysis of the porous structures. Furthermore, the pores were quantified according to their area, and data was obtained on the orientation of the pores, providing insight into the preferred paths of fluid flow. It was also observed that the microtomography technique was an effective tool for characterizing fractures in the samples before and after dissolution. Such analyses are crucial for the extraction and injection of fluids at high depths due to the mechanical and physical risks arising from the dissolution of minerals as well as changes in pressure, temperature, and saturation, all of which affect the stress state of the reservoir rock.
Higher order chemical reaction effects on $$\text {Cu}{-}\text {H}_2\text {O}$$ nanofluid flow over a vertical plate
Authors: K Padmaja , B Rushi Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany fluids used in industries will possess a uniform velocity acting along with it. Although a few researchers have analyzed the fluid flow along with a constant velocity but such modeling in nanofluids is quite new. The novelty of this work is the numerical evaluation of a nanofluid with a constant velocity through a vertical plate in a porous medium under Dufour as well as Soret impacts coupled with a higher order chemical reaction. A rotating MHD nanofluid is investigated for both heat as well as mass transfer. An incompressible, steady-state fluid is subjected to flow through a semi-infinite plate by taking into account viscous dissipation as well as a magnetic field. Flow equations are typically represented by PDEs that are nonlinear and coupled. The PDEs are changed to ODEs by similarity transformation variables. Runge-Kutta method of $$4{\text {th}}$$

4
th

order accuracy along with shooting technique is employed to solve the converted system of ODEs. $$\text {Cu}{-}\text {H}_2\text {O}$$

Cu
-

H
2

O

is used to provide an in-depth analysis of the examined problem. In order to account for practical considerations, the maximum order of the chemical reaction is limited to 3 and a comparative analysis is provided for $$1{\text {st}}$$

1
st

and $$3{\text {rd}}$$

3
rd

order chemical reactions. For different physical quantities, different numerical values that are obtained using MATLAB are used to analyze various properties regarding the flow. Heat transfer, and mass transfer rates are discussed using graphs and tables. Compared to low order chemical reactions, high order chemical reactions allow higher rates at which the reaction takes place, thus allowing greater rates of heat and mass transfer.
Pollinator biological traits and ecological interactions mediate the impacts of mosquito-targeting malathion application
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Reeves Lawrence E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMosquito adulticides are perceived by the public as detrimental to nontarget arthropods, contributing to declines of native and beneficial insects. However, the actual impact of adulticides on nontarget arthropods in nature needs to incorporate biological and ecological elements. Here, we investigated the effect of biological/behavioral traits (butterfly roosting at different heights, roosting in sites underneath foliage, bumblebee hive usage) and interactions (parasitism, predation) of pollinators (butterflies and bumblebees) that could mediate the impacts of malathion application in manipulative semi-field experiments in Florida, USA. Roosting height from the spray route had a significant negative relationship with mortality of butterflies treated with ULV malathion, with high survival at the highest roosting height (7 m), but butterflies roosting among vegetation did not have higher survival. Bumblebees with hive access had significantly higher survival than bumblebees without hive access. Host plants treated with ULV malathion significantly reduced parasitism of monarch eggs by Trichogramma platneri, but increased predation of monarch caterpillars by Polistes paper wasps. These data provide insight into the realistic impacts of adulticide applications on pollinators in nature which will enable mosquito control districts to better limit nontarget effects of adulticide treatments and may help to address concerns related to potential nontarget effects.
Synthesis of multi-band reflective polarizing metasurfaces using a generative adversarial network
Authors: Naseri Parinaz , Goussetis George , Fonseca Nelson J. G. , Hum Sean V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic linear-to-circular polarization converters with wide- and multi-band capabilities can simplify antenna systems where circular polarization is required. Multi-band solutions are attractive in satellite communication systems, which commonly have the additional requirement that the sense of polarization is reversed between adjacent bands. However, the design of these structures using conventional ad hoc methods relies heavily on empirical methods. Here, we employ a data-driven approach integrated with a generative adversarial network to explore the design space of the polarizer meta-atom thoroughly. Dual-band and triple-band reflective polarizers with stable performance over incident angles up to and including 30°, corresponding to typical reflector antenna system requirements, are synthesized using the proposed method. The feasibility and performance of the designed polarizer is validated through measurements of a fabricated prototype.
Inclusion of calcium phosphate does not further improve in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis in a novel, highly biocompatible, mechanically stable and 3D printable polymer
Authors: Owji Nazanin , Mandakhbayar Nandin , Cha Jae-Ryung , Padalhin Andrew R. , Erdogan Zalike Keskin , Aldaadaa Alaa , Shakouri Taleen , Sawadkar Prasad , Frost Oliver , Kim Hae-Won , García-Gareta Elena , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAt a time of unpredictable challenges for health, one trend is certain: there is an exceedingly high demand for functional implants, particularly bone grafts. This has encouraged the emergence of bone tissue engineering substitutes as an alternative method to conventional bone grafts. However, the current approaches in the field face several limitations that have prevented the ultimate translation into clinical settings. As a result, many attempts have been made to fabricate synthetic bone implants that can offer suitable biological and mechanical properties.Light curable methacrylate-based polymers have ideal properties for bone repair. These materials are also suitable for 3D printing which can be applicable for restoration of both function and aesthetics. The main objective of this research was to investigate the role of calcium phosphate (CaP) incorporation in a mechanically stable, biologically functional and 3D printable polymer for the reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects. The experimental work initially involved the synthesis of (((((((((((3R,3aR,6S,6aR)- hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1- 48 diyl))bis(oxy))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-5,1- 49 diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) referred to as CSMA and fabrication of composite discs via a Digital Light Printing (DLP) method. The flow behaviour of the polymer as a function of CaP addition, surface remineralisation potential, in vitro cell culture, using MC3T3 and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADSCs) and ex ovo angiogenic response was assessed. Finally, in vivo studies were carried out to investigate neo-bone formation at 4- and 8-weeks post-implantation. Quantitative micro-CT and histological evaluation did not show a higher rate of bone formation in CaP filled CSMA composites compared to CSMA itself. Therefore, such polymeric systems hold promising features by allowing more flexibility in designing a 3D printed scaffold targeted at the reconstruction of maxillofacial defects.
Changes in plasma fatty acids profile in hyperketonemic ewes during early lactation: a preliminary study
Authors: Lisuzzo Anastasia , Fiore Filippo , Harvatine Kevin , Mazzotta Elisa , Berlanda Michele , Spissu Nicoletta , Badon Tamara , Contiero Barbara , Moscati Livia , Fiore Enrico 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is characterized by marked changes in energy balance of dairy ruminants. The mobilization of adipose tissue led to an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The aim of this study was to analyze the total plasma fatty acids of healthy and hyperketonemic dairy ewes in early lactation through gas chromatography (GC) to evaluate metabolic alterations. An observational study was used with a cross-sectional experimental design. Forty-six Sarda dairy ewes were enrolled in the immediate post-partum (7 ± 3 days in milk) and divided into two groups according to serum BHB concentration: non-hyperketonemic group (n = 28; BHB < 0.86 mmol/L) and hyperketonemic group (n = 18; BHB ≥ 0.86 mmol/L). A two-way ANOVA included the effect of group and parity was used to evaluate differences in fatty acids (FA) concentrations. A total of 34 plasma FA was assessed using GC. 12 out of 34 FA showed a significant different between groups and 3 out of 34 were tended to significance. Only NEFA concentration and stearic acid were influenced by parity. The results may suggest possible links with lipid metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses in hyperketonemic group. In conclusion, GC represents a useful tool in the study of hyperketonemia and primiparous dairy ewes might show a greater risk to develop this condition.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of α-Al2O3 and M-Al2O4 spinel nanocomposites in hybrid quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Mahmoud Sawsan A. , Elsisi Moustafa E. , Mansour Asmaa F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe the performance of the aluminum oxide nanoparticle and metal aluminate spinel nanoparticle as photo-anodes in quantum dot photovoltaic. By using a sol–gel auto combustion method, Al2O3 NPs, CoAl2O4, CuAl2O4, NiAl2O4, and ZnAl2O4 were successfully synthesized. The formation of Al2O3 NPs and MAl2O4 (M=Co, Cu, Ni, Zn) nanocomposite was confirmed by using several characteristics such as XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, and EDX spectra. The XRD shows that the CoAl2O4 has a smaller crystallite size (12.37 nm) than CuAl2O4, NiAl2O4, and ZnAl2O4. The formation of a single-phase spinel structure of the calcined samples at 1100 °C was confirmed by FTIR. Our studies showed that the pure Al2O3 NPs have a lower energy gap (1.37 eV) than synthesized MAl2O4 under UV–Vis irradiation. Due to the well separation between the light-generated electrons and the formed holes, the cell containing ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite with CdS QDs has the highest efficiency of 8.22% and the current density of 22.86 mA cm−2, while the cell based on NiAl2O4 as a photoelectrode, six cycles of CdS/ZnS QDs, and P-rGO as a counter electrode achieved the best (PCE) power conversion efficiency of 15.14% and the current density of 28.22 mA cm−2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that ZnAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 nanocomposites have the highest life times of the photogenerated electrons (τn) of 11*10−2 and 96*10−3 ms, respectively, and the lowest diffusion rates (Keff) of 9.09 and 10.42 ms−1, respectively.
Active control of dielectric singularities in indium-tin-oxides hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Pianelli Alessandro , Caligiuri Vincenzo , Dudek Michał , Kowerdziej Rafał , Chodorow Urszula , Sielezin Karol , De Luca Antonio , Caputo Roberto , Parka Janusz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDielectric singularities (DSs) constitute one of the most exotic features occurring in the effective permittivity of artificial multilayers called hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). Associated to DSs, a rich phenomenology arises that justifies the ever-increasing interest profuse by the photonic community in achieving an active control of their properties. As an example, the possibility to “canalize” light down to the nanoscale as well as the capability of HMMs to interact with quantum emitters, placed in their proximity, enhancing their emission rate (Purcell effect), are worth mentioning. HMMs, however, suffer of an intrinsic lack of tunability of its DSs. Several architectures have been proposed to overcome this limit and, among them, the use of graphene outstands. Graphene-based HMMs recently shown outstanding canalization capabilities achieving λ/1660 light collimation. Despite the exceptional performances promised by these structures, stacking graphene/oxide multilayers is still an experimental challenge, especially envisioning electrical gating of all the graphene layers. In this paper, we propose a valid alternative in which indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is used as an electrically tunable metal. Here we have numerically designed and analyzed an ITO/SiO2based HMM with a tunable canalization wavelength within the range between 1.57 and 2.74 μm. The structure feature light confinement of λ/8.8 (resolution of about 178 nm), self-focusing of the light down to 0.26 μm and Purcell factor of approximately 700. The proposed HMM nanoarchitecture could be potentially used in many applications, such as ultra-fast signal processing, high harmonic generation, lab-on-a-chip nanodevices, bulk plasmonic waveguides in integrated photonic circuits and laser diode collimators.