bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Business Model Resilience Framework for Managers and Strategic Decision-makers
Authors: Radic M. , Herrmann P. , Haberland P. , Riese Carla R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFollowing the massive impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy and on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular, the concept of resilience has experienced a renaissance. As an organizational concept, business model resilience describes the extent to which an organization can maintain or quickly recover its value proposition despite unexpected current or future disruptions (Palzkill-Vorbeck 2018). Although research has been conducted in this area for decades, there is still a lack of a unified framework that brings together the findings from research and links them to organizational practice. The paper addresses this gap by developing a framework for business model resilience and demonstrating its practical relevance for organizational performance during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The framework includes 11 factors that characterize the resilience of an organization’s business model. For managers and decision-makers, the framework is an opportunity to assess and improve the resilience of their organizations. For researchers, the framework is an important foundation for transferring the concept of business model resilience into organizational practice.
Social life cycle assessment of t-shirt supply chains using willingness to pay
Authors: Hirokawa Tatsuya , Ihara Tomohiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractManaging social risks in the supply chain is an important issue that directly affects business performance. However, the existing literature does not provide sufficient quantitative assessment of labor problems for corporate decision-making. This study fills this research gap by conducting a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) of the T-shirt supply chain from a consumer perspective to quantify labor issues in monetary terms. The framework consists of two approaches: (1) calculation of willingness to pay (WTP) to solve labor problems and (2) inventory analysis. To calculate the WTP, questionnaires were distributed to 203 respondents. The WTP ranged from 344 JPY (labor rights) to 596 JPY (child labor). The WTP was used as an indicator of integration of labor problems. In inventory analysis, working hours were used to quantify the impact on workers. The results showed that working hours were long in the textile and wearing apparel stages. In conclusion, T-shirts manufactured in Vietnam were identified as the least worker-friendly T-shirts sold in Japan, with a social cost of 2,835 JPY. In supply chain stages, child labor was identified as a major problem in India at the textile stage and in Vietnam, at the wearing apparel stage. This study quantifies labor risks through a cost–benefit analysis, thereby contributing to the development of supply chain strategies for companies.
Ascending Order
Authors: Mukherjee Rohan 
Published: July 2022

Why do rising powers sometimes challenge an international order that enables their growth, and at other times support an order that constrains them? Ascending Order offers the first comprehensive study of conflict and cooperation as new powers join the global arena. International institutions shape the choices of rising states as they pursue equal status with established powers. Open membership rules and fair decision-making procedures facilitate equality and cooperation, while exclusion and unfairness frequently produce conflict. Using original and robust archival evidence, the book examines these dynamics in three cases: the United States and the maritime laws of war in the mid-nineteenth century; Japan and naval arms control in the interwar period; and India and nuclear non-proliferation in the Cold War. This study shows that the future of contemporary international order depends on the ability of international institutions to address the status ambitions of rising powers such as China and India.
Positive Predictive Value of Anti-GAD65 ELISA Cut-Offs for Neurological Autoimmunity
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Freeman Erin , Bhayana Vipin , Yang Liju 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT:High anti-GAD65 levels associate with core manifestations of GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. ELISA cut-offs for high anti-GAD65 levels (>10,000 IU/ml in serum, >100 IU/ml in CSF) have been proposed that merit further evaluation. We reviewed patients who underwent anti-GAD65 ELISA for suspected autoimmune encephalitis and found values above these cut-offs to have a positive predictive value (PPV) for neurological autoimmunity of 88%. Anti-GAD65 values above proposed ELISA cut-offs have a reasonably high PPV for neurological autoimmunity in patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Consideration of alternative diagnoses and corroboration with CSF can help flag potentially clinically irrelevant results and avoid patient misdiagnosis.
Controversies over Austria’s Nazi Past: Generational Changes and Grassroots Awakenings following the Waldheim Affair and the “Wehrmacht Exhibitions”
Authors: Embacher Helga 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1945, the Austrian government constructed a new identity based on having been a “victim” of Nazi Germany. Thus, it had to hush up the fact that a majority of the population had welcomed the Anschluss, hundreds of thousands joined the NSDAP and served in the German Wehrmacht, and many were involved in the crimes of National Socialism. Only in the late 1980s, in the wake of the Waldheim Affair, did the years between 1938 and 1945 have to be re-interpreted. Ten years later, the exhibition “War of Annihilation: Crimes of the Wehrmacht 1941–1944” (short: Wehrmacht exhibition) questioned the myth of the “clean Wehrmacht.” Using the examples of the Waldheim Affair and the Wehrmacht exhibition, the article analyzes the influence of grassroots movements stimulated by these events. Since some members of the second generation defended the Wehrmacht rather than embracing the grassroots movements’ critique of earlier war myths, it will also problematize the category “generation.” Due to the leading role played by prominent Austrian Jews in these grassroots movements, the generational gap within the Jewish community is of further interest. I emphasize that the grassroots movements needed the support of Austrian political parties and from abroad to achieve a modicum of success.
NEW CHRONOLOGY FOR MEGALITHIC BURIALS IN VIDARBHA (CENTRAL INDIA): INSIGHTS INTO CONTEMPORARY HYDRO-CLIMATE AND FOOD HABITS
Authors: Patel Nikhil , Trivedi Preeti , Agnihotri Rajesh , Rai Niraj , Sathe Vijay , Khonde Niteshkumar , Bhushan Ravi , Jena Partha Sarathi , Shivam A , Kumar Alok 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMegalithic cultures of central India provide important links between the southern Neolithic-Chalcolithic cultures and the early Historical period (∼500 BC to ∼AD 700) and reveal knowledge of ancient traditions of early inhabitants. Scientific dating of these Megalithic burial sites is a challenging task due to scarcity of dateable material and alterations. Here, we present multiple accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dates from equine tooth-enamel and organic food remains recovered from pots from Megalithic burials of the Vidarbha region. Using δ13CTOC and δ15N values of organic food remains recovered from pots, we deduced past-diet (palaeo-vegetation) that indicates C4 type of vegetation and thus arid climate during life-spans of these burials. We also analyzed stable δ13C and δ18O isotopes of equine tooth-enamel to investigate hydro-climatic conditions of Maharashtra (Vidarbha region). A total of 10 AMS 14C dates of tooth enamel provide a time range of AD 250–874 for two Megalithic burials. Two AMS 14C dates of organic food remains recovered from pots corroborated aforementioned time-range. The average δ13C and δ18O of equine tooth-enamel samples were −5.3 ± 2.1‰ and −2.9 ± 0.8‰, respectively, both significantly enriched compared to their modern counterparts (−13.7‰ ± 0.7 and −4.3‰ ± 1.1), indicating intense arid conditions in the past.
Effects of spinal structure on quadruped bounding gait
Authors: Lei Chen , Dongliang Chen , Wei Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a robot model with multiple spines and investigates its effects on the bounding gait of quadruped robot. Contrastive tests, carried out by adding an active driving joint (ADJ) and changing the number of passive driving joints, were divided between simulation and physical. The results reveal that the spinal structure (one ADJ and several passive driving joints) is closely related to the performance parameters. Increasing the number of passive driving joints can improve the velocity and energy efficiency. This structure may have significant guidance for designing a quadruped robot.
Many Turán exponents via subdivisions
Authors: Jiang Tao , Qiu Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGiven a graph
$H$
and a positive integer
$n$
, the Turán number
$\mathrm{ex}(n,H)$
is the maximum number of edges in an
$n$
-vertex graph that does not contain
$H$
as a subgraph. A real number
$r\in (1,2)$
is called a Turán exponent if there exists a bipartite graph
$H$
such that
$\mathrm{ex}(n,H)=\Theta (n^r)$
. A long-standing conjecture of Erdős and Simonovits states that
$1+\frac{p}{q}$
is a Turán exponent for all positive integers
$p$
and
$q$
with
$q\gt p$
.In this paper, we show that
$1+\frac{p}{q}$
is a Turán exponent for all positive integers
$p$
and
$q$
with
$q \gt p^{2}$
. Our result also addresses a conjecture of Janzer [18].
The Effect of Seawater Salinity and Seawater Temperature on Sea Salt Aerosol Production
Authors: Zinke J. , Nilsson E. D. , Zieger P. , Salter M. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo improve our understanding of the impact of sea salt aerosols (SSA) on the Earth's climate, it is critical to understand the physical mechanisms which determine the size‐resolved SSA production flux. Of the factors affecting SSA emissions, seawater salinity has perhaps received the least attention in the literature and previous studies have produced conflicting results. Here, we present a series of laboratory experiments designed to investigate the role of salinity on aerosol production from artificial seawater using a continuous plunging jet. During these experiments, the aerosol and surface bubble size distributions were monitored while the salinity was decreased from 35 to 0 g kg−1. Three distinct salinity regimes were identified: (a) A high salinity regime, 10–35 g kg−1, where lower salinity resulted in only minor reductions in particle number flux but notable reductions in particle volume flux; (b) an intermediate salinity regime, 5–10 g kg−1, with a local maximum in particle number flux; (c) a low salinity regime, <5 g kg−1, characterized by a rapid decrease in particle number flux at lower salinities and dominated by small particles and larger bubbles. We discuss the implications of our results through comparison of the size‐resolved aerosol flux and the surface bubble population at different salinities. Finally, by varying the seawater temperature at three specific salinities we have also developed a simple parameterization of the particle production flux as a function of seawater temperature and salinity. The range of seawater salinity and temperature studied is representative of the global oceans and lower salinity water bodies such as the Baltic Sea.
Observational Evidence of Aerosol Radiation Modifying Photochemical Ozone Profiles in the Lower Troposphere
Authors: Shi Shuangshuang , Zhu Bin , Tang Guiqian , Liu Cao , An Junlin , Liu Duanyang , Xu Jiaping , Xu Honghui , Liao Hong , Zhang Yanlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAerosol optical effects can trigger complex changes in solar shortwave radiation (SW) in the atmosphere, resulting in significant impacts on the photochemistry and vertical structure of ozone. This paper provides observational evidence of aerosol absorbing and scattering effects on modifying the SW and ozone profiles in the low troposphere. Using field vertical measurements and observation‐based model simulations, we demonstrated that absorbing aerosols decreased SW, resulting in substantial inhibition of ozone production throughout the boundary layer (BL). A similar inhibition effect occurred within the lower BL under sufficient scattering aerosols. However, the scattering augmentation effect played an additional role in enhancing the photolysis rate and promoting ozone generation in the upper BL. Hence, the observational evidence as well as our model simulations disentangled the radiative effects of different types of aerosols on the vertical structures of ozone.
Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Northern Bohai Sea, China: Implications for Coastal Carbon Budgets and Buffering Capacity
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zou Changpei , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Wang Xuejing , Zeng Zhenzhong , Xiao Kai , Guo Huaming , Jiang Xiaowei , Li Zhenyang , Li Hailong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been widely recognized as an important source of dissolved nutrients in coastal waters and affects nutrient biogeochemistry. In contrast, little information is available on SGD impacts on coastal carbon budgets. Here, we assessed the SGD and associated carbon (dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] and total alkalinity [TA]) fluxes in Liaodong Bay (the largest bay of the Bohai Sea, China) and discussed their border implications for coastal DIC budget and buffering capacity. Based on 223Ra and 228Ra mass balance models, the SGD flux was estimated to be (0.92–1.43) × 109 m3 d−1. SGD was the largest contributor of DIC, accounting for 55%–77% of the total DIC sources. The low ratio (<1) of SGD‐derived TA to DIC fluxes and negative correlation between radium isotopes and pH in seawater implied that SGD would potentially reduce seawater pH in Liaodong Bay. Combining the groundwater carbon data in Liaodong Bay with literature data, we found that the SGD‐derived DIC flux off China was 4–9 times greater than those from rivers. By analyzing the TA/DIC ratios in groundwater along the Chinese coast and related carbon fluxes, SGD was thought to partially reduce the CO2 buffer capacity in receiving seawater. These results obtained at the bay scale and national scale suggest that SGD is a significant component of carbon budget and may play a critical role in modulating coastal buffering capacity and atmospheric CO2 sequestration.
Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1D donor
Authors: Al-Hasani Keith , Khurana Ishant , Mariana Lina , Loudovaris Thomas , Maxwell Scott , Harikrishnan K. N. , Okabe Jun , Cooper Mark E. , El-Osta Assam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that selectively destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. An unmet need in diabetes management, current therapy is focussed on transplantation. While the reprogramming of progenitor cells into functional insulin-producing β-cells has also been proposed this remains controversial and poorly understood. The challenge is determining why default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reactivation. After the death of a 13-year-old girl with established insulin-dependent T1D, pancreatic cells were harvested in an effort to restore and understand exocrine competence. The pancreas showed classic silencing of β-cell progenitor genes with barely detectable insulin (Ins) transcript. GSK126, a highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity influenced H3K27me3 chromatin content and transcriptional control resulting in the expression of core β-cell markers and ductal progenitor genes. GSK126 also reinstated Ins gene expression despite absolute β-cell destruction. These studies show the refractory nature of chromatin characterises exocrine suppression influencing β-cell plasticity. Additional regeneration studies are warranted to determine if the approach of this n-of-1 study generalises to a broader T1D population.
pT3 colorectal cancer revisited: a multicentric study on the histological depth of invasion in more than 1000 pT3 carcinomas—proposal for a new pT3a/pT3b subclassification
Authors: Foersch Sebastian , Lang-Schwarz Corinna , Eckstein Markus , Geppert Carol , Schmitt Maxime , Konukiewitz Björn , Groll Tanja , Schicktanz Felix , Engel Jutta , Gleitsmann Moritz , Westhoff Christina C. , Frickel Nadine , Litmeyer Anne-Sophie , Grass Albert , Jank Paul , Lange Sebastian , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Wilhelm Dirk , Roth Wilfried , Vieth Michael , Denkert Carsten , Nagtegaal Iris , Weichert Wilko , Jesinghaus Moritz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathological TNM staging (pTNM) is the strongest prognosticator in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and the foundation of its post-operative clinical management. Tumours that invade pericolic/perirectal adipose tissue generally fall into the pT3 category without further subdivision.MethodsThe histological depth of invasion into the pericolic/perirectal fat was digitally and conventionally measured in a training cohort of 950 CRCs (Munich). We biostatistically calculated the optimal cut-off to stratify pT3 CRCs into novel pT3a (≤3 mm)/pT3b (>3 mm) subgroups, which were then validated in two independent cohorts (447 CRCs, Bayreuth/542 CRCs, Mainz).ResultsCompared to pT3a tumours, pT3b CRCs showed significantly worse disease-specific survival, including in pN0 vs pN+ and colonic vs. rectal cancers (DSS:P < 0.001, respectively, pooled analysis of all cohorts). Furthermore, the pT3a/pT3b subclassification remained an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analyses (e.g. DSS:P < 0.001, hazard ratio: 4.41 for pT3b, pooled analysis of all cohorts). While pT2/pT3a CRCs showed similar survival characteristics, pT3b cancers remained a distinct subgroup with dismal survival.DiscussionThe delineation of pT3a/pT3b subcategories of CRC based on the histological depth of adipose tissue invasion adds valuable prognostic information to the current pT3 classification and implementation into current staging practices of CRC should be considered.
Decreasing surface albedo signifies a growing importance of clouds for Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater production
Authors: Ryan J. C. , Smith L. C. , Cooley S. W. , Pearson B. , Wever N. , Keenan E. , Lenaerts J. T. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClouds regulate the Greenland Ice Sheet’s surface energy balance through the competing effects of shortwave radiation shading and longwave radiation trapping. However, the relative importance of these effects within Greenland’s narrow ablation zone, where nearly all meltwater runoff is produced, remains poorly quantified. Here we use machine learning to merge MODIS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO satellite observations to produce a high-resolution cloud radiative effect product. For the period 2003–2020, we find that a 1% change in cloudiness has little effect (±0.16 W m−2) on summer net radiative fluxes in the ablation zone because the warming and cooling effects of clouds compensate. However, by 2100 (SSP5-8.5 scenario), radiative fluxes in the ablation zone will become more than twice as sensitive (±0.39 W m−2) to changes in cloudiness due to reduced surface albedo. Accurate representation of clouds will therefore become increasingly important for forecasting the Greenland Ice Sheet’s contribution to global sea-level rise.
Detection of neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in dried blood spots using cell-free PCR
Authors: Danh Kenneth , Karp Donna Grace , Singhal Malvika , Tankasala Akshaya , Gebhart David , de Jesus Cortez Felipe , Tandel Devangkumar , Robinson Peter V. , Seftel David , Stone Mars , Simmons Graham , Bagri Anil , Schreiber Martin A. , Buser Andreas , Holbro Andreas , Battegay Manuel , Morris Mary Kate , Hanson Carl , Mills John R. , Granger Dane , Theel Elitza S. , Stubbs James R. , Corash Laurence M. , Tsai Cheng-ting 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn easily implementable serological assay to accurately detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies is urgently needed to better track herd immunity, vaccine efficacy and vaccination rates. Herein, we report the Split-Oligonucleotide Neighboring Inhibition Assay (SONIA) which uses real-time qPCR to measure the ability of neutralizing antibodies to block binding between DNA-barcoded viral spike protein subunit 1 and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor protein. The SONIA neutralizing antibody assay using finger-prick dried blood spots displays 91–97% sensitivity and 100% specificity in comparison to the live-virus neutralization assays using matched serum specimens for multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants-of-concern. The multiplex version of this neutralizing antibody assay, using easily collectable finger-prick dried blood spots, can be a valuable tool to help reveal the impact of age, pre-existing health conditions, waning immunity, different vaccination schemes and the emergence of new variants-of-concern.
A nationwide questionnaire study of post-acute symptoms and health problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Denmark
Authors: Sørensen Anna Irene Vedel , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Bager Peter , Nielsen Nete Munk , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv , Koch Anders , Meder Inger Kristine , Ethelberg Steen , Hviid Anders 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA considerable number of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase. Here, we report findings from a nationwide questionnaire study in Denmark including 61,002 RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 91,878 test-negative controls aged 15-years or older. Six to twelve months after the test, the risks of 18 out of 21 symptoms were elevated among test-positives. The largest adjusted risk differences (RD) were observed for dysosmia (RD = 10.92%, 95% CI 10.68–11.21%), dysgeusia (RD = 8.68%, 95% CI 8.43–8.93%), fatigue/exhaustion (RD = 8.43%, 95%CI 8.14–8.74%), dyspnea (RD = 4.87%, 95% CI 4.65–5.09%) and reduced strength in arms/legs (RD = 4.68%, 95% CI 4.45–4.89%). During the period from the test and until completion of the questionnaire, new diagnoses of anxiety (RD = 1.15%, 95% CI 0.95–1.34%) or depression (RD = 1.00%, 95% CI 0.81–1.19%) were also more common among test-positives. Even in a population where the majority of test-positives were not hospitalized, a considerable proportion experiences symptoms up to 12 months after infection. Being female or middle-aged increases risks.
A classical equation that accounts for observations of non-Arrhenius and cryogenic grain boundary migration
Authors: Homer Eric R. , Johnson Oliver K. , Britton Darcey , Patterson James E. , Sevy Eric T. , Thompson Gregory B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObservations of microstructural coarsening at cryogenic temperatures, as well as numerous simulations of grain boundary motion that show faster migration at low temperature than at high temperature, have been troubling because they do not follow the expected Arrhenius behavior. This work demonstrates that classical equations, that are not simplified, account for all these oddities and demonstrate that non-Arrhenius behavior can emerge from thermally activated processes. According to this classical model, this occurs when the intrinsic barrier energies of the processes become small, allowing activation at cryogenic temperatures. Additional thermal energy then allows the low energy process to proceed in reverse, so increasing temperature only serves to frustrate the forward motion. This classical form is shown to reconcile and describe a variety of diverse grain boundary migration observations.