bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative age effects in European soccer: their association with contextual factors, impact on youth national teams' performance, and presence at the senior level
Authors: Morganti Gabriele , Kelly Adam L. , Lascu Alexandra , Brustio Paolo R. , Padua Elvira , Filetti Cristoforo , Porta Marco , Briotti Gianluca , Ruscello Bruno 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSoccer systems promote early identification and specialisation practices to satisfy short- and long-term goals—both from sporting performance and financial gains perspectives. In this context, players are (de)selected based on observed performance level and on their ability to conform to given organisational demands, leading to the proliferation of selection biases, such as relative age effects (RAEs), which research has shown to influence both developmental experiences and senior career achievements. Accordingly, this study aims to: (a) investigate the magnitude of RAEs among youth national teams competing in the UEFA U17 European Soccer Championship, and their associations with teams' final ranking, (b) examine whether RAEs magnitude could be linked to cultural and contextual factors, and (c) further explore RAEs at senior level.MethodsBirth quarter (BQ) distribution of youth national teams (n = 80) that competed in one of the five editions (2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, and 2024) of the UEFA U17 European Soccer Championship was recorded. Teams were classified based on their country of origin, RAEs magnitudes, final ranking in the tournament, FIFA points, and national population. Furthermore, the BQ distribution of senior national teams (n = 24) that competed at the 2024 UEFA Senior European Soccer Championship was recorded.ResultsChi-square statistics revealed BQ1s were overrepresented at the U17 level (p &lt; 0.001) and showed teams exhibiting low RAEs magnitudes recorded the highest likelihood (odds ratio: 5.67) of finishing the tournament in the bottom four positions. Correlation analyses recorded small to moderate positive correlations between RAEs magnitude and national population (.25) and FIFA points (.33). Further chi-square statistics revealed BQ1s continued to be overrepresented at the senior level, albeit with a weaker effect (p &lt; 0.001). However, when the senior BQ distribution was compared to the expected distribution taken from the U17 population, this recorded more BQ4s and fewer BQ1s than expected (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThe findings presented the focus on youth success, the increased talent pool size, and the competition for selection interact to reiterate RAEs' prevalence in European soccer. Moreover, they highlighted initial RAEs define players' journey within the soccer system, whereby relatively older players remain overrepresented at the senior level, albeit to a weaker and lesser extent.
PEPPERMINT OIL INHALATION REDUCES ARI (ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION) SYMPTOMS IN TODDLER
Authors: Mei Lia Nindya Zulis  , Khesva Aheni  , Siti Nur Umariyah F  , Dyah Ayu Wulandari  
Published: February 2025

ISPA merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi pada saluran pernafasan atas (hidung). ISPA sering ditemukan dengan gejala awal demam, batuk, hidung tersumbat dan sakit tenggorokan. Komplikasi yang bisa terjadi anatara lain bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, kejang, demam dan mengenai jaringan paru-paru sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pneumonia. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh inhalasi peppermint oil terhadap gejala ISPA pada balita. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif berupa Quasy eksperimen. Desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest design without control dengan 16 sampel. Variabel independen adalah memberikan inhalasi peppermint oil, untuk variabel dependen adalah gejala ISPA. Responden adalah balita usia 4 tahun dengan ISPA bukan pneumonia diukur gejala ISPA sebelum intervensi dan sesudah intervensi. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar observasi untuk mengukur gejala ISPA. Hasil uji Wilcoxon diperoleh nilai p 0,000 artinya bahwa inhalasi peppermint oil berpengaruh terhadap gejala ISPA pada balita. Kesimpulan : Ada perubahan gejala ISPA pada balita sebelum dan sesudah diberikan inhalasi peppermint oil.

Kata Kunci : ISPA, Peppermint Oil, Balita

ABSTRACT
ARI (Acute Respiratory Tract Infection) is an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract (nose). ARI is often found with initial symptoms of fever, cough, blocked nose and sore throat. Complications that can occur include bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, seizures, fever and lung tissue which can cause pneumonia. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of peppermint oil inhalation on ARI symptoms in toddlers. The type of quantitative research is a quasi experiment. The research design was one group pretest-posttest design without control with 16 samples. The independent variable is giving peppermint oil inhalation, the dependent variable is ARI symptoms. Respondents were toddlers aged 4 years with ARI, not pneumonia, and ARI symptoms were measured before the intervention and after the intervention. The instrument used observasional sheet to measure ARI symptoms. The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value of 0.000, meaning that inhalation of peppermint oil had an effect on ARI symptoms in toddlers. Conclusion: There were changes in ARI symptoms in toddlers before and after inhalation of peppermint oil.

Key word : ARI, peppermint oil, toddler
Саркоидоз сердца: современное представление о диагностике и лечении
Authors: Трисветова Е.Л. 
Published: February 2025

Саркоидоз относится к заболеваниям, причины которого и механизмы развития патологических изменений не выяснены, несмотря на изучение в течение многих лет. Саркоидоз сердца выявляют наряду с другими поражениями органов при системном процессе или диагностируют как изолированную патологию. Клинические признаки саркоидоза сердца вариативны: от внезапной сердечной смерти, нарушений ритма и проводимости, сердечной недостаточности до малосимптомных проявлений. Диагностика саркоидоза сердца сложна, поскольку нет патогномоничных симптомов поражения сердца, не проводились контролируемые клинические исследования и не разработаны международные критерии. Cаркоидоз сердца, как хамелеон в кардиологии, имитирует различные заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы (дилатационная или аритмогенная кардиомиопатия, миокардит, амилоидоз, болезнь Шагаса, ишемическая болезнь сердца). Возможности современных визуализирующих методов диагностики, эндомиокардиальная биопсия миокарда относятся к наиболее информативным при поражении сердца при саркоидозе. В лечении пациентов с саркоидозом сердца применяют медикаментозную терапию (кортикостероиды, иммуносупрессоры, препараты для коррекции сердечной недостаточности, антиаритмические и симптоматические), имплантируемые устройства, трансплантацию сердца. Рекомендуемые принципы медикаментозного лечения улучшают состояние пациентов, на фоне лечения отмечают 90–96%-ную пятилетнюю выживаемость и 80–90%-ную выживаемость в течение десяти лет.
Sarcoidosis is a disease whose causes and mechanisms of pathological changes have not been clarified, despite many years of studying. Cardiac sarcoidosis is detected along with other organ lesions in systemic processes or diagnosed as an isolated pathology. Clinical signs of cardiac sarcoidosis are variable: from sudden cardiac death, rhythm and conduction disturbances, and heart failure to low-symptom manifestations. Diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis is complicated since there are no pathognomonic symptoms of cardiac involvement, no controlled clinical trials have been conducted, and no international criteria have been established. Cardiac sarcoidosis, like a chameleon in cardiology, imitates various cardiovascular conditions (dilated or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, amyloidosis, Chagas disease, ischemic heart disease). Opportunities of modern imaging diagnostic methods and endomyocardial biopsy of myocardium are among the most informative for cardiac lesions in sarcoidosis. In the treatment of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis, drug therapy (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, heart failure correctors, antiarrhythmic and symptomatic agents), implantable devices, and heart transplantation are used. The recommended principles of drug treatment improve patients’ conditions; 90–96% five-year survival rate and 80–90% ten-year survival rate have been observed against the background of treatment.
Tense Shifts in Quranic Verses: An Exploration of English Translation
Authors: Shamsan Muayad Abdulhalim Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aims to explore the translation of tense-shifted Quranic verses into English focusing on more frequently used English tense(s). It seeks to examine the frequency of tense-maintaining and tense-shifting translations that have not been thoroughly examined by previous researchers in the literature.
Methods: The data analysis employed a descriptive approach for forty verses collected and adapted from Tabl's (1998) Auslub Alʔiltifatfi Al-Balagha Al-Quraaniya and their translations by Al-Hilali-Khan (1417AH), Ghali (2003), Ali (1938), and Pickthall (1930) were the corpus. The verses have been divided into two categories, including 24 verses with past-to-present tense shifts and 16 with present-to-past tense shifts.
Results: The results of the study have revealed that tense-maintaining translation is more frequent than tense-shifting, representing 67% and 33%, respectively. The present simple has been used frequently in the translation of the two categories, representing 55.2% in the first category and 53.9% in the second category. The past simple (32.3%) and the future simple (23.4%) tenses have been used in the translation of the two categories.
Conclusions: It is found that in the translation of tense-shifted Quranic verses into English, tense-maintaining target language texts are more common. However, tense-shifted texts are used to maintain the meaning of the source language text.
مستوى التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي وعلاقته بالسلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي لدى طلبة المدارس الثانوية في الأردن
Authors: Al-Salti Amal S. , Aljawabrah Noura M. , Abu Awwad Ferial M. 
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي والسلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي لدى طلبة المدارس الثانوية في مدينة عمّان والعلاقة بينهما.
المنهجية: تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي باختيار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية العنقودية من طلبة المدارس الثانوية، حيث بلغ حجمها (500) طالب وطالبة، توزعت على عدة مدارس ثانوية للجنسين. ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام مقياس التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي الذي يتكون من 23 فقرة، ومقياس السلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي، ويتكون من 23 فقرة، وترجمتهما من اللغة الإنجليزية إلى العربية، والتحقق من خصائصهما السيكومترية، وتطبيقهما على أفراد العينة.
النتائج: أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي جاء بتقدير مرتفع، كما كان تقدير السلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي متوسطاً، كما كان هناك علاقة ارتباطية متوسطة بين التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي والسلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي، وتبين إمكانية التنبؤ بالسلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي بدلالة الكفاءات الفرعية للتعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي.
الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بتطبيق التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي وتفعيله بشكل أكبر من قبل المعلمين لما له من آثار إيجابية على الطلبة ، وعقد دورات تدريبية للمعلمين للتعرف أكثر على التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي وطريقة تنفيذه لما له فائدة على الطلبة سواء أكاديمية أم سلوكية، كما أوصت أيضا بإجراء دراسات أخرى على مراحل عمرية مختلفة، ودراسة التعلم الاجتماعي-الانفعالي مع متغيرات أخرى.
The Role of the Village Fund Program in Alleviating Poverty in Rural Areas
Authors: Sari Jayanti Armida , Sunarya Amud , Darmanto  
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of the Village Fund Policy in alleviating poverty in Nagari Lingkuang Aua, Pasaman Barat Regency since poverty in Indonesia represents an urgent issue, particularly in rural areas that tend to exhibit higher poverty rates compared to urban regions. One of the government's policies for poverty eradication is the Village Fund Program.
Methods: The study used the qualitative analytical approach to analyze how the Village Fund Program impacts poverty eradication in Nagari Lingkuang Aua. A case study approach was adopted, focusing on the Village Fund Policy. Primary data were compiled through semi-structured and unstructured interviews using purposive sampling techniques. In contrast, this study used existing literature to obtain secondary data from various sources.
Results: The study results showed that the Village Fund Program played a significant role in reducing poverty levels in Nagari Lingkuang Aua. However, the effects tend to be short-termed, primarily focusing on fulfilling basic needs for families or individuals, such as food, education, or critical healthcare services.
Conclusions: The study highlights the Village Fund Program's impact on reducing poverty in Nagari Lingkuang Aua, but it mainly offers short-term solutions. Sustainable poverty alleviation requires addressing poverty root causes through community-centered initiatives. Emphasizing community participation is indispensable, along with continual evaluation and adjusting fund allocation to align with developmental priorities for rural communities' growth and resilience.
Les « petites phrases » des gardes de Dishonored : exploration, déduction, interaction
Authors: Dionnet Alice 
Published: February 2025

Cet article analyse l’importance des « aboiements » des gardes dans la narration interactive de Dishonored. Le jeu se déroule dans la ville dystopique de Dunwall, où les choix du joueur influent sur le déroulement narratif et le niveau de chaos. S’inspirant des concepts de narrataire en tant qu’explorateur et enquêteur, l’article explore comment le joueur s’engage avec l’intrigue spatialisée et coconstruit le second récit. La méthodologie implique la collecte et la classification des phrases des gardes, reflétant leurs personnalités et le contexte sociopolitique de la ville. Les phrases des gardes remplissent un double rôle : fournir des informations contextuelles lors du jeu furtif et devenir des alertes ou des aboiements en cas d’actions agressives. Elles jouent un rôle crucial dans la création de l’immersive simulation, guidant le narrataire et influençant ses actions dans la ville de Dunwall.
Le mode mineur des barks de jeu vidéo
Authors: Huz Aurélie , Sellier Hélène 
Published: February 2025

Cet article s’intéresse aux « barks » vidéoludiques, c’est-à-dire aux lignes de discours en apparence dérisoires que lancent les personnages non-joueurs dans certaines situations et auxquelles le joueur ou la joueuse n’a pas la possibilité de répondre. En s’appuyant sur les théories du personnage, de la fiction et de l’immersion, le travail propose d’abord une typologie analytique des barks en distinguant trois régimes de fonctionnement : un régime ludique, un régime diégétique et un régime réflexif. Cette analyse poétique s’ouvre ensuite à la présentation d’un travail de recherche-création qui envisage le potentiel de la marginalité du bark pour aborder des enjeux éthiques.
PERAN AUDIT INTERNAL, MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN DAN PENCEGAHAN KECURANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PT UNIVERSAL- CAR RENTAL)
Authors: Tarigan Krisnawati , Viorentine  
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of internal audit on employee performance, to analyze and to know the role of company management on employee performance and to know in priority how to prevent fraud on employee performance. This research was conducted and limited to 1 year, which was taken by interviewing and distributing questionnaires to parties closely related to the company such as employees at the Universal Car rental company. The data analysis method used is a qualitative method. The data source used in this research is secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews, documentation and literature study. Based on the conclusions drawn in this study, the results of testing for internal auditors, company management and fraud prevention in employee performance can be proven by analysis of interviews from sources who are working at Universal Car company. From the results of the interview, it can be concluded that internal audit, company management and fraud prevention have a significant and acceptable relationship.

Keywords: internal audit, company management, prevent fraud, employee performance.
Community Attitude on INSPIRE Strategies for Mitigating Violence Against Children. A Case of Mbeya City Council
Authors: Senga Fausta , Magesa Rehema , Mgabo Maseke 
Published: February 2025

Violence against children (VAC) is a serious issue in Tanzania and globally at large. Factors for its occurrence are known and community participation is highly recommended and needed in VAC prevention. Violence against children can be prevented if the global community acts now, acts wisely and acts together. Implementation and enforcement of laws, norms and values, safe environments, parent and caregiver support, income and economic strengthening, response and support services, and education and life skills (INSPIRE) are vital strategies for this success. This study assessed the community’s participation in the implementation of INSPIRE strategies in Mbeya City. A hundred randomly selected community members and 9 key informants were selected based on the stake they had. Community surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and documentary reviews were used in data collection. The Statistical Product for Service Solution (IBM-SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data through descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis). Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study reveals that; community members had positive attitudes on INSPIRE strategies with moderate practices. However, interference from the witnesses, rate of reporting and exposing perpetrators were reported as resulting from fear of being blamed for the consequences especially when VAC cases reach at police or the courts of law. The study concluded that the community’s positive attitude toward INSPIRE strategies is influenced by a moderate level of awareness. The study recommends that; the community’s awareness and capacity building should continue to enhance positive attitudes and improve practices to stop VAC.
Influence Good Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, and Company Size on Financial Performance of Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Nuraini Airin , Cahyadi Ilhaamsyah Putra 
Published: February 2025

The oil and gas sector is an important sector of the energy industry. This includes exploration, production, processing, distribution, sale of petroleum and natural gas. This sector has a crucial role in providing fuel for transportation, energy for households and industry, as well as raw materials for chemical products and other materials. Apart from that, this sector also plays a role in infrastructure and economic development in many countries that have abundant energy resources. The oil and gas industry will continue to grow, this is because oil and gas companies have energy resources that are important for the global economy This research was conducted to examine the influence of Good Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, and Company Size on Financial Performance. The sample used in this research is the financial reports of 12 oil and gas companies listed on the IDX for 2018-2022 using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis.The results of the research show that Good Corporate Governance and Company Size have no influence on Financial Performance, while Capital Structure has a significant influence on Financial Performance. Simultaneously GCG, DER, Company Size have a significant influence on the company's Financial Performance.

Keywords : Good Corporate Governance, Debt to Equity Ratio, Firm Size, Financial Performance
Beam Measurements of Full Stokes Parameters for the FAST L-band 19-beam Receiver
Authors: Chen Xunzhou , Ching Tao-Chung , Li Di , Heiles Carl , Robishaw Timothy , Du Xuan , Krco Marko , Jiang Peng , Yang Qingliang , Lu Jiguang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has been fully operational since 2020 January 11. We present a comprehensive analysis of the beam structure for each of the 19 feed horns on FAST's L-band receiver across the Stokes I, Q, U, and V parameters. Using an on-the-fly mapping pattern, we conducted simultaneous sky mapping using all 19 beams directed toward polarization calibrators J1407+2827 and J0854+2006 from 2020 to 2022. Electromagnetic simulations were also performed to model the telescope's beam patterns in all Stokes parameters. Our findings reveal a symmetrical Gaussian pattern in the Stokes I parameter of the central beam without strong sidelobes, while the off-center beams exhibit significant asymmetrical shapes that can be fitted using a combination of log-normal and Gaussian distributions. The inner beams have higher relative beam efficiencies and smaller beam sizes compared to those of the outer beams. The sidelobes of the inner beams contribute approximately 2% of the total flux in the main lobe, increasing to 5% for outer beams, with a peak at 6.8%. In Stokes U, a distinct four-lobed cloverleaf beam squash structure is observed, with similar intensity levels in both inner and outer beams. In Stokes V, a two-lobed beam squint structure is observed in the central beam, along with a secondary eight-lobed structure. The highest squint peak in Stokes V is about 0.3% of the Stokes I in the outer beams. These results align closely with the simulations, providing valuable insights for the design of radio multibeam observations.
Could the Neutrino Emission of TXS 0506+056 Come from the Accretion Flow of the Supermassive Black Hole?
Authors: Yang Qi-Rui , Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-energy neutrinos from the blazar TXS 0506+056 are usually thought to arise from the relativistic jet pointing to us. However, the composition of jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), whether they are baryon dominated or Poynting flux dominated, is largely unknown. In the latter case, no comic rays and neutrinos would be expected from the AGN jets. In this work, we study whether the neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 could be powered by the accretion flow of the supermassive black hole. Protons could be accelerated by magnetic reconnection or turbulence in the inner accretion flow. To explain the neutrino flare of TXS 0506+056 in the years 2014–2015, a super-Eddington accretion is needed. During the steady state, a sub-Eddington accretion flow could power a steady neutrino emission that may explain the long-term neutrino flux from TXS 0506+056. We consider the neutrino production in both magnetically arrested accretion (MAD) flow and the standard and normal evolution (SANE) regime of accretion. In the MAD scenario, due to a high magnetic field, a large dissipation radius is required to avoid the cooling of protons and secondary pions.