bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaia DR3 in 6D: the search for fast hypervelocity stars and constraints on the galactic centre environment
Authors: Marchetti Tommaso , Evans Fraser A , Rossi Elena Maria 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The third data release (DR3) of the European Space Agency satellite Gaia provides coordinates, parallaxes, proper motions, and radial velocities for a sample of ∼34 million stars. We use the combined 6D phase space information to search for hypervelocity stars (HVSs), unbound stars accelerated by dynamical processes happening in the Galactic Centre. By looking at the kinematics of Gaia DR3 stars in Galactocentric coordinates and by integrating their orbits in the Galactic potential, we do not identify any HVS candidates with a velocity higher than 700 km s−1 and robustly observed kinematics. Assuming a scenario wherein the interaction between a stellar binary and the massive black hole Sgr A* is responsible for HVS ejections from the Galactic Centre, we derive degenerate limits on the ejection rate of HVSs and the slope of the initial mass function of the primary star among binaries in the Galactic Centre. Our results indicate that the HVS ejection rate is ≲8 × 10−5 yr−1 assuming a Salpeter mass function, and this upper limit becomes progressively smaller for an increasingly top-heavy mass distribution. A fiducial HVS ejection rate of 10−4 yr−1 prefers a mass function slope ≲−2.35, disfavouring previously claimed top-heavy initial mass functions among stars in the Galactic Centre.
Icy molecule desorption in interstellar grain collisions
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Silsbee Kedron 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of gaseous complex organic molecules (COMs) in cold starless and prestellar cloud cores require efficient desorption of the COMs and their parent species from icy mantles on interstellar grains. With a simple astrochemical model, we investigate if mechanical removal of ice fragments in oblique collisions between grains in two size bins (0.01 and 0.1 µm) can substantially affect COM abundances. Two grain collision velocities were considered – 10 and 50 m s−1, corresponding to realistic grain relative speeds arising from ambipolar diffusion and turbulence, respectively. From the smaller grains, the collisions are assumed to remove a spherical cap with height equal to 1/3 and 1 ice mantle thickness, respectively. We find that the turbulence-induced desorption can elevate the gas-phase abundances of COMs by several orders of magnitude, reproducing observed COM abundances within an order of magnitude. Importantly, the high gaseous COM abundances are attained for long time-scales of up to 1 Myr and for a rather low methanol ice abundance, common for starless cores. The simple model, considering only two grain size bins and several assumptions, demonstrates a concept that must be tested with a more sophisticated approach.
Asteroseismology of RR Lyrae stars with non-radial modes
Authors: Netzel Henryka , Smolec Radosław 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The additional signals observed in the frequency spectra of the first-overtone RR Lyrae stars, which form a period ratio around 0.61 with the period of the first overtone, are a common phenomenon for RRc and RRd stars, as well as for first-overtone classical Cepheids. The recently proposed model explains these signals as harmonics of non-radial modes of degrees 8 or 9 in the case of RR Lyrae stars and 7, 8, or 9 in the case of classical Cepheids. We selected at least triple-mode RR Lyrae stars pulsating in radial and non-radial modes for asteroseismic modelling. We assume the identification of the non-radial modes as predicted by the model. We calculated a dense grid of models for RR Lyrae stars using envelope pulsation code. By matching first-overtone period and period ratios, we obtained physical parameters for the selected sample of triple-mode stars. It is the very first attempt of modelling RR Lyrae stars with non-radial modes. We compared our results with predictions of stellar evolution theory, which resulted in a mass discrepancy more noticeable for long-period stars: Pulsation masses seem higher than evolutionary masses. We compared metallicity estimates for RRc stars from a modelled sample with metallicities determined spectroscopically for a sample of RRc stars in the solar neighbourhood: Both distributions are consistent.
Defects in autophagy lead to selective in vivo changes in turnover of cytosolic and organelle proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Lei , Lee Chun Pong , Ding Xinxin , Qin Yu , Wijerathna-Yapa Akila , Broda Martyna , Otegui Marisa S , Millar A Harvey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentification of autophagic protein cargo in plants in autophagy-related genes (ATG) mutants is complicated by changes in protein synthesis and protein degradation. To detect autophagic cargo, we measured protein degradation rate in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) atg5 and atg11 mutants. These data show that less than a quarter of proteins changing in abundance are probable cargo and revealed roles of ATG11 and ATG5 in degradation of specific glycolytic enzymes and of other cytosol, chloroplast, and ER-resident proteins, and a specialized role for ATG11 in degradation of proteins from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Protein localization in transformed protoplasts and degradation assays in the presence of inhibitors confirm a role for autophagy in degrading glycolytic enzymes. Autophagy induction by phosphate (Pi) limitation changed metabolic profiles and the protein synthesis and degradation rates of atg5 and atg11 plants. A general decrease in the abundance of amino acids and increase in secondary metabolites in autophagy mutants was consistent with altered catabolism and changes in energy conversion caused by reduced degradation rate of specific proteins. Combining measures of changes in protein abundance and degradation rates, we also identify ATG11 and ATG5-associated protein cargo of low Pi-induced autophagy in chloroplasts and ER-resident proteins involved in secondary metabolism.
Optimizing parameters of information-theoretic correlation measurement for multi-channel time-series datasets in gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Jung Piljong , Oh Sang Hoon , Son Edwin J , Kim Young-Min , Oh John J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Data analysis in modern science using extensive experimental and observational facilities, such as gravitational-wave detectors, is essential in the search for novel scientific discoveries. Accordingly, various techniques and mathematical principles have been designed and developed to date. A recently proposed approximate correlation method based on information theory has been widely adopted in science and engineering. Although the maximal information coefficient (MIC) method remains in the phase of improving its algorithm, it is particularly beneficial in identifying the correlations of multiple noise sources in gravitational-wave detectors including non-linear effects. This study investigates various prospects for determining MIC parameters to improve the reliability of handling multi-channel time-series data, reduce high computing costs, and propose a novel method of determining optimized parameter sets for identifying noise correlations in gravitational-wave data.
Mortgage Refinancing, Consumer Spending, and Competition: Evidence from the Home Affordable Refinance Program
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Amromin Gene , Chomsisengphet Souphala , Landvoigt Tim , Piskorski Tomasz , Seru Amit , Yao Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe examine the ability of the government to impact mortgage refinancing activity and spur consumption by focusing on the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) that relaxed housing equity constraints by extending government credit guarantee on insufficiently collateralized refinanced mortgages. Difference-in-difference tests based on program eligibility criteria reveal a significant increase in refinancing activity by HARP. More than three million eligible borrowers with primarily fixed-rate mortgages refinanced under HARP, receiving an average reduction of 1.45$\%$ in interest rate ($3,000 in annual savings). Durable spending by borrowers increased significantly after refinancing. Regions more exposed to the program saw a relative increase in non-durable and durable consumer spending, a decline in foreclosure rates, and faster recovery in house prices. Competitive frictions in the refinancing market hampered the program’s impact: the take-up rate and annual savings among those who refinanced were reduced by 10–20$\%$, with amplified effects for the most indebted borrowers.
Outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine or azathioprine
Authors: Reynolds John A , Gayed Mary , Khamashta Munther A , Leone Francesca , Toescu Veronica , Bruce Ian N , Giles Ian , Teh Lee-Suan , McHugh Neil , Akil Mohammed , Edwards Christopher J , Gordon Caroline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesHCQ and AZA are used to control disease activity and reduce risk of flare during pregnancy in patients with SLE. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of children born to mothers with SLE exposed to HCQ or AZA during pregnancy and breast-feeding.MethodsWomen attending UK specialist lupus clinics with children ≤17 years old, born after SLE diagnosis, were recruited to this retrospective study. Data were collected using questionnaires and from clinical record review. Factors associated with the outcomes of low birth weight and childhood infection were determined using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models.ResultsWe analysed 284 live births of 199 mothers from 10 UK centres. The first pregnancies of 73.9% of mothers (147/199) were captured in the study; (60.4%) (150/248) and 31.1% (87/280) children were exposed to HCQ and AZA, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of congenital malformations or intrauterine growth restriction between children exposed or not to HCQ or AZA. AZA use was increased in women with a history of hypertension or renal disease. Although AZA was associated with low birth weight in univariate models, there was no significant association in multivariable models. In adjusted models, exposure to AZA was associated with increased reports of childhood infection requiring hospital management [odds ratio 2.283 (1.003, 5.198), P = 0.049].ConclusionsThere were no significant negative outcomes in children exposed to HCQ in pregnancy. AZA use was associated with increased reporting of childhood infection, which warrants further study.
An institutionalist perspective on smart specialization: Towards a political economy of regional innovation policy
Authors: Benner Maximilian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The smart specialization approach has guided regional innovation policies in Europe for roughly a decade. However, the policy practice under the approach has met considerable criticism which suggests the existence of significant gaps between the conceptual level and the level of policy implementation. To explain and understand the reasons for these gaps, this article proposes an institutionalist perspective rooted in neo-institutional sociology. In particular, the article draws on concepts such as ceremony, myth, and isomorphism and argues that such an institutionalist perspective can provide one of several fields of further research on the political economy of regional innovation policy. Pursuing such research is particularly relevant to inform policymaking in the coming years, given the current tendency to re-orient smart specialization towards challenge orientation, directionality, normativity, and sustainability.
Impacts of including Sweet Bran and wet distillers grains with solubles alone or in combination in finishing cattle diets on physically effective fiber concentrations and rumen buffering characteristics of feedlot cattle
Authors: Spowart Paige R , Richeson John T , Crawford David M , Samuelson Kendall L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Sweet Bran (SB) and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) in the diet alone or in combination on physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF), ruminal pH, and rumination behavior of finishing beef cattle. For this study, 455 steers (373 ± 15.5 kg) were allocated to 48 pens in a randomized complete block design. Treatments (n = 12 pens per treatment) were one of four steam-flaked corn-based diets containing no corn-milling products (CON), 20% WDGS (WDGS20), 20% SB (SB20), or 20% SB and 10% WDGS (COMBO). Within each pen, two steers were randomly selected to receive an indwelling ruminal pH bolus to quantify ruminal pH and a 3-axis accelerometer tag to measure rumination for the first 92 d of the study. Diet samples were collected weekly to determine particle size, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, and peNDF. Physically effective NDF was calculated using both the proportion of particles &gt; 4.0 mm (peNDF4.0) and the proportion of particles &gt; 8.0 mm (peNDF8.0). The percentage of particles &gt; 4.0 mm was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) for CON, intermediate for SB20, and least for WDGS20 and COMBO. Both NDF (P &lt; 0.01) and peNDF4.0 (P &lt; 0.01) were greatest for COMBO, intermediate for WDGS20 and SB20, and least for CON. The percentage of particles &gt; 8.0 was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) for CON, intermediate for WDGS20 and SB20, and least for COMBO, but peNDF8.0 did not differ (P = 0.40). A diet × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for daily rumination minutes per kg of DMI, NDF, peNDF4.0, and peNDF8.0. A diet × hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed where CON cattle spent less time ruminating at 0800 and 1000 h in a 24 h period. Daily ruminal pH was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) for COMBO, intermediate for SB20 and WDGS20, and least for CON. A diet × hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was also observed for circadian ruminal pH, where pH was least for CON from 0800 to 1800 h. Relationships between peNDF, rumination behavior, and ruminal pH observed in this study suggest that SB and WDGS similarly enhance rumen buffering capacity when steam-flaked corn is replaced in the diet.
Photosynthetic and defensive responses of two Mediterranean oaks to insect leaf herbivory
Authors: Fyllas Nikolaos M , Chrysafi Despina , Avtzis Dimitrios N , Moreira Xoaquín 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Insect herbivory is a dominant interaction across virtually all ecosystems globally and has dramatic effects on plant function such as reduced photosynthesis activity and increased levels of defenses. However, most previous work assessing the link between insect herbivory, photosynthesis and plant defenses has been performed on cultivated model plant species, neglecting a full understanding of patterns in natural systems. In this study, we performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of herbivory by a generalist foliar feeding insect (Lymantria dispar) and leaf mechanical damage on multiple leaf traits associated with defense against herbivory and photosynthesis activity on two sympatric oak species with contrasting leaf habit (the evergreen Quercus coccifera L. and the deciduous Quercus pubescens Willd). Our results showed that, although herbivory treatments and oak species did not strongly affect photosynthesis and dark respiration, these two factors exerted interactive effects. Insect herbivory and mechanical damage (vs control) decreased photosynthesis activity for Q. coccifera but not for Q. pubescens. Insect herbivory and mechanical damage tended to increase chemical (increased flavonoid and lignin concentration) defenses, but these effects were stronger for Q. pubescens. Overall, this study shows that two congeneric oak species with contrasting leaf habit differ in their photosynthetic and defensive responses to insect herbivory. While the evergreen oak species followed a more conservative strategy (reduced photosynthesis and higher physical defenses), the deciduous oak species followed a more acquisitive strategy (maintained photosynthesis and higher chemical defenses).
Utility of Expanded Carrier Screening in Pregnancies With Ultrasound Abnormalities
Authors: Stevens Blair K. , Nunley Peyton B. , Wagner Chelsea , Murphy Lauren , Wittman Theresa , Ramdaney Aarti , Jones Malorie , Choates Meagan Giles 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2022;42:60–78)
Routine screening with prenatal ultrasound is now recommended in all pregnancies due in part to the 3% risk for congenital anomalies. Detected anomalies that receive a prenatal diagnosis can benefit from more targeted prenatal and postnatal care recommendations.
Association Between Acute Kidney Injury During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and ICU Outcomes and Respiratory System Mechanics
Authors: Vemuri Sneha V. , Rolfsen Mark L. , Sykes Alexandra V. , Takiar Puja G. , Leonard Austin J. , Malhotra Atul , Spragg Roger G. , Macedo Etienne , Hepokoski Mark L. 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Compare ICU outcomes and respiratory system mechanics in patients with and without acute kidney injury during invasive mechanical ventilation.

DESIGNS:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
ICUs of the University of California, San Diego, from January 1, 2014, to November 30, 2016.

PATIENTS:
Five groups of patients were compared based on the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, presence or absence of acute kidney injury per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and the temporal relationship between the development of acute kidney injury and initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 9,704 patients were included and 4,484 (46%) required invasive mechanical ventilation; 2,009 patients (45%) had acute kidney injury while being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, and the mortality rate for these patients was 22.4% compared with 5% in those treated with invasive mechanical ventilation without acute kidney injury (p < 0.01). Adjusted hazard of mortality accounting for baseline disease severity was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.22–2.03; p < 0.001]. Patients with acute kidney injury during invasive mechanical ventilation had a significant increase in total ventilator days and length of ICU stay with the same comparison (both p < 0.01). Acute kidney injury during mechanical ventilation was also associated with significantly higher plateau pressures, lower respiratory system compliance, and higher driving pressures (all p < 0.01). These differences remained significant in patients with net negative cumulative fluid balance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Acute kidney injury during invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with increased ICU mortality, increased ventilator days, increased length of ICU stay, and impaired respiratory system mechanics. These results emphasize the need for investigations of ventilatory strategies in the setting of acute kidney injury, as well as mechanistic studies of crosstalk between the lung and kidney in the critically ill.
Intensive care medicine in Europe: perspectives from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
Authors: Zacharowski Kai , Filipescu Daniela , Pelosi Paolo , Åkeson Jonas , Bubenek Serban , Gregoretti Cesare , Sander Michael , de Robertis Edoardo 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Anaesthesiology represents a rapidly evolving medical specialty in global healthcare, currently covering advanced peri-operative, pre-hospital and in-hospital critical emergency management (CREM), intensive care medicine (ICM) and pain management. The aim of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) is to develop and promote a coordinated interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary European network of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (AICM) societies for improvement of patient safety and outcome, and to enhance political and public awareness of the role of anaesthesiologists all over Europe. The ESAIC promotes coordinated interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary care for severely compromised patients, based on the European training requirements (ETR) within the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).

METHODS
To define the current situation of AICM in Europe, a survey was sent in April 2019 to the ESAIC Council and the ESAIC National Anaesthesiologists Societies Committee (NASC) members. The survey posed questions regarding the year of foundation, the inclusion of ICM in the society name, and if, and to what extent, various kinds (postoperative, general, specific, mixed) of national ICUs are being run by differing medical specialties. The study data were compiled and analysed by the ESAIC Board, Council and NASC in December 2019.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Amongst the 42 European national societies surveyed (41 members of ESAIC-NASC plus Luxembourg), nineteen (45%) also include terms related to critical care medicine or ICM in their names, seven (17%) include terms related to reanimation and three (7%) to resuscitation. In recent years, several national societies revised their names to better reflect their gradual embrace of peri-operative medicine, ICM, CREM and pain management. Approximately 70% of ICU beds in Europe, and 100% in Scandinavia, are being run by anaesthesiologists, the remaining 30% being managed by physicians from other surgical or medical specialties. To emphasise future needs and resources of European AICM, the ESAIC drafted an ICM roadmap in terms of clinical practice, organisation of healthcare, interprofessional and interdisciplinary collaboration, patient safety, outcome and empowerment, professional working conditions, and changes in research, teaching and training required to meet future challenges and expectations.
OCULAR BARTONELLOSIS PRESENTING WITH FOCAL CHOROIDITIS, FOCAL RETINITIS, BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION, AND PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY: LONGITUDINAL MULTIMODAL IMAGING ANALYSIS
Authors: Alsberge Joseph B. , Nash Shawn K. , Lin Henry 
Published: June 2022

Background/Purpose:
To report an atypical case of ocular bartonellosis evaluated longitudinally with multimodal imaging and review the literature on the less common posterior segment manifestations of bartonella infection.

Methods:
Case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A 26-year-old man presented with focal choroiditis in the right eye and focal retinitis, a branch retinal artery occlusion, and paracentral acute middle maculopathy in the left eye after a systemic prodrome including headache and lymphadenopathy. Serologic testing revealed positive bartonella immunoglobulin G with a titer of 1:512. The patient was diagnosed with ocular bartonellosis infection and started on systemic doxycycline. The posterior segment findings resolved over the follow-up period, and their resolution was documented with optical coherence tomography.

Conclusion:
Neuroretinitis is the classic ocular finding in cat scratch disease, but less common presenting findings may include focal choroiditis, retinitis, and branch retinal artery occlusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of paracentral acute middle maculopathy secondary to a retinitis-associated branch retinal artery occlusion as a presenting sign in ocular bartonellosis.