bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and mobilisation of localised oedema in haemodialysis
Authors: Longley Ryan , Keane David F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of localised oedema can make measurement and removal of excess fluid in haemodialysis challenging.ObjectivesTo evaluate (i) the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression and neuromuscular electrical stimulation at mobilising oedema and (ii) the impact of localised fluid on bioimpedance measured fluid status.DesignA single centre, cross‐over study design. Participants were monitored weekly during mid‐week dialysis sessions. Four sessions with each of the interventions and no interventions, with washout periods between, were included.ParticipantsSix participants with lower limb oedema and established on haemodialysis for at least 3 months.MeasurementsThe effectiveness of mobilising oedema and improving haemodynamic stability was assessed by: reduction in ankle circumference; ultrafiltration volume achieved; blood pressure changes; participant symptoms and achievement of target weight. The impact of localised fluid on bioimpedance measurements was assessed by comparing measurements across affected tissue with measurements avoiding the site of oedema.ResultsThere were no differences in ultrafiltration volumes, achievement of target weight, participant symptoms or reductions in ankle circumference and systolic blood pressure between intermittent pneumatic compression and neuromuscular electrical stimulation sessions compared to control sessions. Measurements of fluid overload with bioimpedance were 1.7 and 1.8 L higher when measuring across oedematous tissue compared to non‐oedematous tissue.ConclusionsWe were unable to demonstrate improved mobilisation of fluid in the participant's lower limb, though there was a low number of study participants and notable interindividual variation observed. Bioimpedance offers potential for monitoring fluid management in individuals with lower limb oedema but specific protocols are necessary.
Nutrition of free‐living Neotropical psittacine nestlings and implications for hand‐feeding formulas
Authors: Cornejo Juan , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Renton Katherine , Bailey Christopher A. , Stahala Caroline , Cruz‐Nieto Javier , Brightsmith Donald J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPsittacidae is one of the most endangered families of birds in the world. Knowledge of their nutrition is important for understanding their survival and productivity in the wild, as well as for their adequate husbandry under human care. Hand‐rearing is a common practice for psittacines, however research on their nutrition is limited. We analysed the predicted metabolisable energy, crude protein, crude fat, minerals and the essential amino acid profiles of the crop contents from free‐living nestlings of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and red‐and‐green macaws (Ara chloropterus) from southeastern Peru, Cuban Amazons (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis) from the Bahamas, lilac‐crowned Amazons (Amazona finschi) from northwestern Mexico and thick‐billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) from northern Mexico. The crop content of the different parrot species displayed remarkably similar nutritional profiles, considering their diversity in habitats, geographic ranges and food sources. The crude protein and crude fat concentrations in crop samples were particularly similar for the Ara and Amazona species, while the thick‐billed parrot stood out for its higher crude fat and lower crude protein content. Wider variations were found among the concentrations of sodium (Na) and iron (Fe), proline and tryptophan. Compared with the requirements of 6−12 weeks leghorn chickens, all free‐ranging parrot diets contained lower crude protein, calcium (Ca), potassium (P) and Na concentrations. The hand‐feeding formulas contained lower crude fat, magnesium (Mg), arginine, valine and phenylalanine concentrations, as well as much higher levels of Ca and zinc (Zn), in comparison with parrot crop samples. Our data suggest that a single formulation could be used to hand‐rear Ara and Amazona sp. of 3 weeks of age and older, while a different formulation would likely be more appropriated for Rhynchopsitta sp. Experimental studies should evaluate if increasing the concentration of crude fat, Mg, arginine, valine and phenylalanine enhances psittacine chick growth and health.
Population genomics and sexual signals support reproductive character displacement in Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in a contact zone
Authors: Jaya Frederick R. , Tanner Jessie C. , Whitehead Michael R. , Doughty Paul , Keogh J. Scott , Moritz Craig C. , Catullo Renee A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen closely related species come into contact via range expansion, both may experience reduced fitness as a result of the interaction. Selection is expected to favour traits that minimize costly interspecies reproductive interactions (such as mismating) via a phenomenon called reproductive character displacement (RCD). Research on RCD frequently assumes secondary contact between species, but the geographical history of species interactions is often unknown. Population genomic data permit tests of geographical hypotheses about species origins and secondary contact through range expansion. We used population genomic data from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial sequence data, advertisement call data and morphological data to investigate a species complex of toadlets (Uperoleia borealis, U. crassa, U. inundata) from northern Australia. Although the three species of frogs were morphologically indistinguishable in our analysis, we determined that U. crassa and U. inundata form a single species (synonymized here) based on an absence of genomic divergence. SNP data identified the phylogeographical origin of U. crassa as the Top End, with subsequent westward invasion into the range of U. borealis in the Kimberley. We identified six F1 hybrids, all of which had the U. borealis mitochondrial haplotype, suggesting unidirectional hybridization. Consistent with the RCD hypothesis, U. borealis and U. crassa sexual signals differ more in sympatry than in allopatry. Hybrid males have intermediate calls, which probably reduces attractiveness to females. Integrating population genomic data, mitochondrial sequencing, morphology and behavioural approaches provides an unusually detailed collection of evidence for reproductive character displacement following range expansion and secondary contact.
An interprofessional examination of the Johns Hopkins Mobility Goal Calculator among hospitalized postsurgical patients
Authors: McLaughlin Kevin H. , Young Daniel , Friedman Lisa A. , Peters Jessica , Vickery Gina , Hoyer Erik H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndividualized mobility goals created using a goal calculator have been shown to increase patient mobility on medical nursing units, but have not been studied among postoperative populations. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of an automated mobility goal calculator on a postoperative nursing unit. To examine this, we used the goal calculator to create goals for patients (N = 128) following surgery and mobilized each patient with either a nurse or physical therapist. Each patient's highest level of mobility was recorded and providers completed surveys on the appropriateness of calculated goals. Overall, 94% of patients achieved calculated goals. Patients with more pain achieved goals significantly less often than those with less pain. Those with higher mobility achieved their goals similarly with either provider. Providers reported 47% of goals were appropriate, with goals being set too low as the primary reason for goals being inappropriate. We conclude that the automated goal calculator can be used on postoperative nursing units to set realistic goals for patients after surgery.
Robust governance for the long term and the heat of the moment: Temporal strategies for coping with dual crises
Authors: Pot Wieke , Scherpenisse Jorren , 't Hart Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractToday the world is confronted with dual crises: creeping and acute threats unfolding at the same time—for example, the manifestation of extreme weather events such as drought and flooding and the creeping crisis of climate change. To cope with dual crises, this article develops a novel temporal perspective that offers policy actors a repertoire of interrelated strategies for enhancing the robustness of institutional efforts. The repertoire consists of five temporal strategies that policy actors can use to navigate the twin challenges of immediate and latent threats in conjunction: strategic coupling of short‐term shocks and creeping crises, crafting time horizons, molding the pace of public problem‐solving, mobilizing anticipatory capacity through futuring techniques, and adaptive iteration of policy decisions. We illustrate the practical application of these strategies in an exploratory case study of adaptive water management in the Netherlands.SamenvattingDe wereld wordt geconfronteerd met duale crises: sluipende en acute dreigingen op hetzelfde moment, zoals extreme weersgebeurtenissen als droogte of watersnood tegelijkertijd met de sluipende crisis van klimaatverandering. Om te reageren op duale crises, ontwikkelt dit artikel een nieuw repertoire van vijf temporele strategieën voor beleidsmakers om de robuustheid van overheidssystemen te vergroten. Dit repertoire bestaat uit de volgende strategieën: strategische koppeling van onverwachte korte termijn schokken en sluipende crises, tijdshorizonnen creëren, het tempo aanpassen van implementatie, het mobiliseren van anticiperende capaciteit door middel van scenariotechnieken, en de adaptieve iteratie van beleidsbeslissingen. We illustreren de werking van deze vijf strategieën aan de hand van een uitgewerkt voorbeeld van adaptief watermanagement in Nederland: de invoering van het programma Ruimte voor de Rivier.
Biomarkers in asthma in the context of atopic dermatitis in young children
Authors: Basu Millie Nguyen , Mortz Charlotte G. , Jensen Tina Kold , Barington Torben , Lambertsen Kate Lykke , Halken Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiverse pathways stemming from a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) might modulate different biomarkers associated with the development of asthma. Biomarkers associated with AD and asthma separately have been investigated, but none have characterized a combined AD+asthma phenotype. We investigated the clinical and molecular characteristics associated with an AD+asthma phenotype compared with AD, asthma and controls.MethodsFrom a prospective birth cohort and the outpatient allergy clinic, we included four groups of 6–12‐year‐old children: (1) healthy controls (2) previous, current, or present AD without asthma, (3) previous, current, or present AD and current asthma and (4) current asthma without AD. We performed clinical examinations and interviews and measured serum IgE, natural moisturizing factors (NMF), and plasma cytokine levels.ResultsWe found an increased number of IgE sensitizations in AD+asthma, prominent after stratifying for food allergens (p < .05). Pro‐Th2 cytokines CCL18, TSLP, and Eotaxin‐3 were elevated in AD+asthma, though not significantly higher than asthma, and elevated in asthma compared with controls. NMF levels were decreased in AD compared with asthma and control groups (p = .019, p < .001, respectively). NMF levels correlated negatively to sensitization (p = .026), though nonsignificant with only the patient groups.ConclusionOur results indicate that Th2 cytokines and increased number of sensitizations are associated with AD + asthma phenotypes compared with AD alone and that skin barrier impairment as well as decreased airway epithelial integrity may play a role in sensitization and immune modulation. Our findings suggest candidate biomarkers that should be further explored for their functional roles and prognostic potential.
Advance admission scheduling via resource satisficing
Authors: Zhou Minglong , Sim Melvyn , Lam Shao‐Wei 
Published: July 2022

We study the problem of advance scheduling of ward admission requests in a public hospital, which affects the usage of critical resources such as operating theaters and hospital beds. Given the stochastic arrivals of patients and uncertain usage of resources, it is often infeasible for the planner to devise a risk‐free schedule to meet these requests without violating resource capacity constraints and creating adverse effects that include healthcare overtime, long patient waiting times, and bed shortages. The difficulty of quantifying these costs and the need to safeguard against resource overutilization lead us to propose a resource satisficing framework that renders the violation of resource constraints less likely and also diminishes its impact whenever it occurs. The risk of resource overutilization is captured by our resource satisficing index (RSI), which is calibrated to reflect a risk‐adjusted utilization rate for a better interpretation to the healthcare planner. Unlike the expected utilization rate, RSI is risk‐sensitive and serves to mitigate the risks of overutilization better whenever overutilization can be avoided in expectation. Our satisficing approach aims to balance out the overutilization risks by minimizing the maximal RSI among all resources and periods. Under our proposed partial adaptive scheduling policy, the resource satisficing model can be formulated and solved via a converging sequence of mixed‐integer linear optimization problems. A computational study establishes that our approach reduces resource overutilization risks to a greater extent than the benchmark methods.
Effect of chronic radiation on the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genome grown for six consecutive generations in the radioactive Chernobyl area
Authors: Jopčík Martin , Libantová Jana , Lancíková Veronika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe growth of plants under chronic radiation stress in the Chernobyl area may cause changes in the genome of plants. To assess the extent of genetic and epigenetic changes in nuclear DNA, seeds of the annual crop flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) of the Kyivskyi variety, sown 21 years after the accident and grown for six generations in radioactive (RAD) and remediated (REM) fields were analysed. Flaxseed used for sowing first generation, which served as a reference (REF), was also analysed. The AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) revealed a higher number of specific EcoRI–MseI loci (3.4‐fold) in pooled flaxseed samples harvested from the RAD field compared with the REM field, indicating a link between the mutation process in the flax genome and the ongoing adaptation process. MSAP (Methylation‐Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) detecting EcoRI–MspI and EcoRI–HpaII loci in flax nuclear DNA genome showed no significant differences in methylation level, reaching about 33% in each of the groups studied. On the other hand, significant changes in the DNA methylation pattern of flaxseed samples harvested from the RAD field compared with controls were detected. Pairwise FST comparison revealed within both, EcoRI–MspI and transformed methylation‐Sensitive data sets more than a 3‐fold increase of genetic divergence in the RAD field compared with both controls. These results indicate that the nuclear genome of flax exposed to chronic radiation for six generations has more mutations and uses DNA methylation as one of the adaptation mechanisms for sustainability under adverse conditions.
A data multiverse analysis investigating non‐model based SCR quantification approaches
Authors: Sjouwerman Rachel , Illius Sabrina , Kuhn Manuel , Lonsdorf Tina B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrodermal signals are commonly used outcome measures in research on arousal, emotion, and habituation. Recently, we reported on heterogeneity in skin conductance response quantification approaches and its impact on replicability. Here we provide complementary work focusing on within‐approach heterogeneity of specifications for skin conductance response quantification. We focus on heterogeneity within the baseline‐correction approach (BLC) which appeared as particularly heterogeneous—for instance with respect to the pre‐CS baseline window duration, the start, and end of the peak detection window. We systematically scrutinize the robustness of results when applying different BLC approach specifications to one representative pre‐existing data set (N = 118) in a (partly) pre‐registered study. We report high agreement between different BLC approaches for US and CS+ trials, but moderate to poor agreement for CS− trials. Furthermore, a specification curve of the main effect of CS discrimination during fear acquisition training from all potential and reasonable combinations of specifications (N = 150) and a prototypical trough‐to‐peak (TTP) approach indicates that resulting effect sizes are largely comparable. A second specification curve (N = 605 specific combinations) highlights a strong impact of different transformation types. Crucially, however, we show that BLC approaches often misclassify the peak value—particularly for CS− trials, leading to stimulus‐specific biases and challenges for post‐processing and replicability of CS discrimination across studies applying different approaches. Lastly, we investigate how negative skin conductance values in BLC, appearing most frequently for CS− (CS− > CS+ > US), correspond to values in TTP quantification. We discuss the results considering prospects and challenges of the multiverse approach and future directions.
Effects of tDCS applied over the left IFG and pSTG language areas on verb recognition task performance
Authors: Rivera‐Urbina Guadalupe Nathzidy , Martínez‐Castañeda María Franshely , Núñez‐Gómez Ana María , Molero‐Chamizo Andrés , Nitsche Michael A. , Alameda‐Bailén José Ramón 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowledge about the relevance of the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (lpSTG) in visual recognition of word categories is limited at present. tDCS is a non‐invasive brain stimulation method that alters cortical activity and excitability, and thus might be a useful tool for delineating the specific impact of both areas on word recognition. The objective of this study was to explore whether the visual recognition process of verb categories is improved by a single tDCS session. lIFG and lpSTG areas were separately modulated by anodal tDCS to evaluate its effects on verbal recognition. Compared to sham stimulation, motor reaction times (RTs) were reduced after anodal tDCS over the lpSTG, and this effect was independent of the performing hand (right/left). These findings suggest that this region is involved in visual word recognition independently from the performing hand.
Oroxin A reduces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy and improves the developmental competence of porcine embryos in vitro
Authors: Liu Rong‐Ping , Wang Xin‐Qin , Wang Jing , Dan Luo , Li Ying‐Hua , Jiang Hao , Xu Yong‐Nan , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOroxin A (OA) is a flavonoid isolated from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz that has various biological activities, including antioxidant activities. This study aimed to examine the viability of using OA in an in vitro culture (IVC) medium for its antioxidant effects and related molecular mechanisms on porcine blastocyst development. In this study, we investigated the effects of OA on early porcine embryo development via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine labeling, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Embryos cultured in the IVC medium supplemented with 2.5 μM of OA had an increased blastocyst formation rate, total cell number, and proliferation capacity, along with a low apoptosis rate. OA supplementation decreased reactive oxygen species levels while increasing glutathione levels. OA‐treated embryos exhibited an improved intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced autophagy. Moreover, levels of pluripotency‐ and antioxidant‐related genes were upregulated, whereas those of apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related genes were downregulated by OA addition. In conclusion, OA improves preimplantation embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function.
ON THE SPECIAL PRONOUNTAIN THE WUHAN DIALECT OF CHINESE: A RESUMPTIVE ANALYSIS*
Authors: Zhao Chen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, I will investigate a special pronounTathat appears in the postverbal thematic position of various constructions in the Wuhan dialect of Chinese. I will argue that all the sentences containingTacan be unified under an Agree‐based resumptive analysis. More specifically, I will claim thatTa, differing from the regular pronouns, is φ‐feature deprived (or a weak pronoun), which is the reason why the pronoun can function as a resumptive pronoun inba‐constructions (a case of A‐resumption) on a par with A‐traces/copies. Furthermore, I will argue that the completion‐inducing effect ofTadoes not necessarily entail thatTais an aspectual marker; rather, the effect is due to the exceptional omission of the telicizing verb particle inside the small clause; therefore,Taremains to be a resumptive pronoun throughout.
Risk factors for high level cytomegalovirus viremia in liver transplant recipients and associated outcomes
Authors: Kleiboeker Hanna L. , Jorgenson Margaret R. , Leverson Glen E. , Rice John P. , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. , Al‐Adra David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate epidemiology, risk‐factors, and outcomes of high‐level (HL) cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in liver transplant recipients.MethodsAdult patients receiving a liver transplant between 1/1/2017 and 9/30/2020 were evaluated. Viral loads at University of Wisconsin Health Clinical Laboratories were required to allow for numerical comparison. Primary objective was incidence and outcomes of HL CMV viremia (viral‐load > 100 000 IU/ml). Secondary objective was to elucidate risk factors to allow targeted interventions.ResultsTwo hundred nine patients met inclusion criteria; 175 kept their graft for at least 240 days. Of these nine patients developed HL CMV, 28 developed low‐level (LL CMV, viral‐load 250–100 000 IU/ml), and 138 did not develop CMV viremia. When comparing these three groups via classic statistical methods time from transplant to viremia was similar (HL 158 ± 77 days, LL 150 ± 76 days). Clinical factors were also similar with the exception of donor seropositivity (HL 87.5%, LL 70.4%, No CMV 49.6%, p = 0.025). HL CMV was significantly associated with graft loss (p < 0.0001) on Kaplan–Meier analysis; graft loss in the LL CMV group did not differ from the no CMV group (p = 0.96).To allow valid assessment of risk factors in the total study population (n = 209), models of time‐varying covariates were used, and Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated. In this analysis, HL CMV was associated with a significantly increased risk of graft loss (HR 5.6, p = 0.0016). When investigating risk factors associated with HL CMV, donor seropositivity significantly increased risk (HR 8.85, 95% CI 1.13–71.43, p = 0.038). Pretransplant total bilirubin (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.998–1.07, p = 0.06) trended toward significance. Recipient seronegativity, liver disease, clinical and allocation model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD), transplant surgery duration, age, sex, induction immunosuppression, and maintenance immunosuppression were not significantly associated with development of HL CMV.ConclusionHL CMV after liver transplant is uncommon but is associated with a significantly increased risk of graft loss that is not present in those patients who develop LL CMV or do not develop CMV viremia. Given these negative graft effects, CMV stewardship interventions targeting recipients of CMV seropositive allografts are warranted. Future larger scale studies evaluating the potential role of other factors in risk stratification are needed.
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