bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Delphi Approach to Determine Current Treatment Advances for the Development of a Resuscitation Program for Maternal Cardiac Arrest
Authors: SHIELDS Andrea D. , BATTISTELLI Jacqueline D. , THOMSON Brook A. , NIELSEN Peter E. , Kavanagh Laurie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Maternal cardiac arrest is a rare and complex process requiring pregnancy-specific responses and techniques. The goals of this study were to (1) identify, evaluate, and determine the most current best practices to treat this patient population and (2) establish a standardized set of guidelines to serve as a foundation for a future educational simulation-based curriculum. Study Design We used a three-step modified Delphi process to achieve consensus. Twenty-two healthcare experts from across North America agreed to participate in the expert panel. In round 1, twelve pregnancy-specific best practice statements were distributed to the expert panel. Panelists anonymously ranked these using a 7-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Round 2 consisted of a face-to-face consensus meeting where statements that had not already achieved consensus were discussed and then subsequently and voted upon by the panelists. Results Through two rounds, we achieved consensus on nine evidence-based pregnancy-specific techniques to optimize response to maternal cardiac arrest. Round one resulted in one of the twelve best practice statements achieving consensus. Round two resulted in six of the remaining twelve gaining consensus. Best practice techniques involved use of point-of care ultrasound, resuscitative cesarean delivery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, and the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusion The results of this study provide the foundation to develop an optimal, long-term strategy to treat cardiac arrest in pregnancy. We propose these nine priorities for standard practice, curricula, and guidelines to treat maternal cardiac arrest and hope they serve as a foundation for a future educational curriculum.
Examining the Impact of Political Stability on Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Chuan Lin , Sindakis Stavros , Theodorou Panagiotis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Political uncertainty has become an essential factor affecting the development of the substantial economy in recent years. It has also become a focal issue debated in the macroeconomic and microfinance circles. Apparently, in China, which is currently coexisting with transitioning and emerging markets, on the one hand, regular replacement of local government officials, the current administrative system coexists with an irregular replacement for various reasons. This paper empirically tests the influence of political uncertainty on the risk of stock price crashes based on the annual sample of 9,091 Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020. The empirical results suggest that corporate share price crash risk is lower when faced with political uncertainty. We further find that the inhibitory effect of political uncertainty on the risk of a stock price crash does not take effect until a new official takes office about a year or so. Moreover, officials who took office from a different place, especially new officials transferred by provincial departments, significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes within their jurisdiction. Meanwhile, the abnormal departure of outgoing officials increases the risk of the stock prices crash of enterprises in their jurisdiction.
Effects of herdsmen's reduction of livestock on the balance between pasture and livestock
Authors: Chu Liqi , Zhang Tongyue , pi xiaofang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ecological status of the grassland is not only closely related to the survival and development of all ethnic groups in China's pastoral areas but also related to the ecological security of North China, Northeast China, and even the whole country. This paper integrates the livestock reduction policy, local government and micro-herders into the same analysis framework and takes the implementation of the " A New Round of Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (2016–2020)"(NSISGC) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the influence of changes in the motivation of different herders to reduce livestock on the realization of grass-livestock balance by using a difference-in-difference model. The results indicate that: With the promulgation and implementation of a new round of Subsidy Policy, the local government's ecological governance motivation has been fully stimulated, and the phenomenon that sample herders have not reduced their livestock due to the supervision and protection of local governments has been significantly reduced or even disappeared, and the probability of achieving their household grass-livestock balance in their families has increased remarkably. However, at the same time, there are still a small number of herdsmen who have not reduced their livestock due to inadequate supervision by local governments. Further analysis found that the "one-size-fits-all" livestock reduction policy has promoted the realization of grass and livestock balance in the short term, but the promotion effect of structural livestock reduction in the long term is more obvious. The livestock reduction policy is more effective in maintaining the balance of grass and livestock in meadow steppe and desert steppe, while alpine steppe is not suitable.
Molecular Imaging (PET and SPECT) for Children with Hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy before and after cell therapy.
Authors: Nakatake Toshinobu , Nabetani Makoto , Yutaka Nanae , Suzuki Kaho , Hazama Ryoichi , Ohnishi Satoshi , Hamazaki Takashi , Shintaku Haruo , Goldman Ran D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glucose metabolism has been the focus of research in order to understand pathological conditions associated with diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE), cerebral palsy (CP) and cerebral infarction.[Objective] To evaluate the use of molecular imaging (SPECT and PET) for children with HIE and CP before and after cell therapy, and to propose future perspectives on the use of those modalities for assessment of brain function in children with these conditions.[Methods] PubMed search for studies using PET or SPECT scans for HIE and CP in children.[Results] We identified 18 PET and 17 SPECT studies that have been performed in cases under age of 19 over the past three decades (1991–2021). Six papers on PET use consisted of one with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells, one mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells, three autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and one allogeneic umbilical cord blood. 4/6 papers reported that PET-CT scan revealed increased glucose metabolism and 1/6 showed no significant change in glucose metabolism after cell therapy. One article on SPECT reported that 2/5 cases had improvement of cerebral perfusion in the thalamus after treatment.[Discussion] SPECT in the first few weeks of life is useful and more sensitive than MRI in predicting major neurological disability. SPECT is not appropriate for neonates because of the risk of radiation, improvement of other clinical test equipment. PET studies reported high glucose metabolism in the early neonatal periods in children with mild to moderate HIE, but not in the most severe cases, including those neonates that died.We suggested that PET could be more useful tool to estimate effectiveness of stem cell therapy than SPECT.[Conclusion] PET might be a good clinical modalities to clarify mechanism of stem cell therapy for CP. We need further clinical studies to clarify more precisely.
Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north of Iran
Authors: Arani Reyhane Hizomi , fakhri farima , Tabiee Mohammad Naeimi , Talebi Fatemeh , Talebi Zahra , Rashidi Negin , Zahedi Maryam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Purpose: This study intended to investigate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Gorgan, North of Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 415 (109 men) patients with T2DM referred to Gorgan Diabetes Clinic in 2021. Demographic information was collected and some laboratory tests such as cell counts, serum blood glucose, creatinine, lipid and iron profiles, and urinary albumin were performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential associated factors, using SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of anemia was about 21% among our participants. The adjusted model revealed that obesity (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.17-1.23]), T2DM duration for more than five years (OR, 3.12 [CI, 1.78-5.47]), albuminuria (OR, 6.37 [CI, 3.13-10.91]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 4.30 [CI, 2.83-8.29]) and high triglycerides (OR, 1.72 [CI, 1.21-2.77]) were significantly associated with anemia among patients with T2DM. Moreover, using insulin both with (OR, 2.60 [CI, 1.42-6.42]) and without (OR, 1.87 [CI, 1.30-4.37]) oral glucose-lowering medications had a positive association with prevalence of anemia among our participants.Conclusion: Anemia had a high prevalence among patients with T2DM in the north of Iran which is associated with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, duration and severity of T2DM, and diabetic kidney disease.
In vivo and in vitro aging of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm after multiple hormonal application and stripping of males
Authors: Zhang S.P. , Cheng Yu , Linhartová Zuzana , Tučková Vladimíra , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Wu Qing , Linhart O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm was designed to evaluate changes in sperm phenotypic variables during multiple sperm stripping with sperm storage: a) in vivo and b) in vitro. Similar males were multiple injected with carp pituitary (CP) 3 times 3 days apart. Sperm were stored in vivo in the body cavity for 0.5 days (fresh sperm) and 3 days (old sperm) after CP application, then sperm were collected and diluted with a carp extender 1:1 and stored in vitro on ice for 0, 3 and 6 days. In general, fresh sperm from the first stripping had slightly better quality and quantity than old sperm from the second and third stripping, especially in the phenotypic parameters of number of total spermatozoa and number of total motile spermatozoa (P < 0.05). The highest kinetic and quantitative sperm variables were obtained in fresh and old sperm just after sperm collection at 0 days and then they decreased during in vitro sperm storage up to 6 days (P < 0.05). The fertilization, hatching and malformation rates from fresh sperm were similar compared with the old sperm. From the first stripping, fresh sperm, even stored for 6 days in vitro, showed fertility, hatching and malformations at 92.5%, 91.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Multiple hormonal treatments with multiple male stripping together with 0.5 days of in vivo sperm storage followed by 6 days of in vitro storage are methods that can be recommended for use in common carp aquaculture.
NFT-MPDATA based LES and ILES simulations of free-jets
Authors: Szmelter Joanna , Kuan Tzuo Wei It , Cocetta Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A systematic numerical study was performed to investigate the influence of subgrid-scale (SGS) treatments on the simulation of turbulent free-jets. Large eddy simulations (LES) of such flows were performed to assess the accuracy of two SGS approaches: the detached eddy simulation (DES) and the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The numerical scheme based on the Non-oscillatory Forward-in-Time (NFT) and Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) was employed to integrate the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows. MPDATA due to its self-regularisation property is used to implicitly provide SGS effects. Two options of implicit LES (ILES) are investigated: ILES-NS, which solves the Navier-Stokes equations without an explicit SGS model, and ILES-EU that solves the Euler equations where viscous terms are absent. The performance of each approach was evaluated focusing on key global characteristics of jets, self-similar properties, and energy spectra. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons showed that all simulations were in good agreement with laboratory experiments, prior numerical studies, and each other, thus confirming the validity of the numerical approach and suitability of ILES for this class of flows. Additionally, energy spectra analysis revealed that ILES can reproduce the −5/3 and −7 gradients that signify the universal inertia subrange and dissipation range for turbulent free-jets.
High-precision tracking control of linear motor driven system using nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with synthetic nonlinear force compensation
Authors: Lin Xiankun , Yang Jiawei , Li Weidong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although a permanent magnetic synchronous linear motor driven system using nonsingular fast terminal (NFT) sliding mode control (SMC) has exhibited good robustness in system stability maintenance, it tends to suffer tracking accuracy reduction due to disturbance of thrust ripple derived from both nonlinear friction along the stroke and nonlinear magnetic circuit of the motor. A NFT-SMC based control scheme with synthetic nonlinear disturbance force compensation for the driven system is presented to enhance its tracking precision. A theoretical analysis of tracking accuracy reduction due to disturbance forces under the SMC control is conducted on the basis of a dynamics model and the sliding mode surface for the system. A synthetic model based on Stribeck model and Fourier series is adopted to recognize the behavior of the thrust ripple induced by the double nonlinear factors. The method for parameters determination in recognition of the synthetic model is given in light of the differences between the measured tracking errors and the theoretical counterparts under NFT-SMC. Then the modified NFT-SMC scheme with the recognition model as a compensator is designed to restrain the influence due to the disturbances. The feasibility of the control scheme is verified both in a simulation system and on an experimental platform. Comparative experimental results demonstrate good performance of the presented controller in tracking precision enhancement in contrast to both feed forward PID and some recent existing SMC methods.
What works best in promoting climate citizenship? A randomised, systematic evaluation of nudge, think, boost and nudge+
Authors: Banerjee Sanchayan , Galizzi Matteo , John Peter , Mourato Susana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nudges have been increasingly deployed to deliver climate policies in the last decade. Recent evidence shows nudges are hard to scale–up. So can we use nudges more effectively, or should we rely on other tools of behaviour change? We argue that reflective strategies can enhance nudges by encouraging agency and ownership in citizens. We test this by systematically comparing nudges to reflective interventions like thinks, boosts, and nudge+ over orders of low-carbon meals using an online experiment with 3,074 participants in the United Kingdom. We find all behavioural interventions increase intentions for climate-friendly diets, but encouraging reflection prior to nudging (“nudge+”) strengthens these treatment effects. There is no evidence of negative behavioural spillovers as measured by participants’ donations to pro-social charities. There is potential for reflective policies in promoting climate citizenship.
Factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth in nulliparous women at term: a systematic review
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Rachael Nugent , Rebecca Shipstone , John Thompson , Jane Maher , Kendall George , Anna Robins , Fiona Bogossian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth at term, in nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy.Data sources: Nine databases were searched PubMed, MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Maternity and Infant Care (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL which includes ClinicalTrials.gov) with dates extending from inception to 16 July 2021Methods of Study Selection: Quantitative studies of all designs, published in English, of nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation, who experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB) at term were included. Covidence was used to manage citation screening and full text review. Two reviewers undertook quality appraisal and RCTs with high risk of bias (ROB 2.0) and other designs (QATSDD) scoring ≤ 50% were excluded.Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Data was abstracted from 78 studies (31 RCTs, 33 cohort, 9 cross-sectional, 4 prevalence and 2 case control) and factors associated with SVB were categorised as maternal, clinical care and fetal to synthesise findings. There was strong evidence to support interventions to address maternal BMI, birth intentions and fear of childbirth as well as childbirth education, breathing and exercise interventions in the antenatal period and midwifery models of care to increase SVB in nulliparas. Findings did not support routine induction as a means to promote SVB, but the relationship between maternal pelvic anatomy and fetal positioning and strategies to optimise labour progression emerged as promising areas for further research.Conclusion: How women give birth the first time is important, and this review highlights key domains where evidence synthesis can guide improvements in care and direct future research.
Volcano effect in chemotactic aggregation and an extended Keller-Segel model
Authors: YASUDA Shugo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aggregation of chemotactic bacteria under a unimodal distribution of chemical cues was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation and asymptotic analysis based on a kinetic transport equation, which considers an internal adaptation dynamics as well as a finite tumbling duration.
It was found that there exist two different regimes of the adaptation time, between which the effect of the adaptation time on the aggregation behavior is reversed; that is, when the adaptation time is as small as the running duration, the aggregation becomes increasingly steeper as the adaptation time increases, while, when the adaptation time is as large as the diffusion time of the population density, the aggregation becomes more diffusive as the adaptation time increases. Moreover, notably, the aggregation profile becomes bimodal (volcano) at the large adaptation-time regime while it is always unimodal at the small adaptation-time regime. The volcano effect occurs in such a way that the population of tumbling cells considerably decreases in a diffusion layer which is created near the peak of the external chemical cues due to the coupling of diffusion and internal adaptation of the bacteria.
Two different continuum-limit models are derived by the asymptotic analysis according to the scaling of the adaptation time; that is, at the small adaptation-time regime, the Keller-Segel model while, at the large adaptation-time regime, an extension of KS model, which involves both the internal variable and the tumbling duration. Importantly, either of the models can accurately reproduce the MC results at each adaptation-time regime, involving the volcano effect. Thus, we conclude that the coupling of diffusion, adaptation, and finite tumbling duration is crucial for the volcano effect.
Gamma-secretase inhibitor does not induce cytotoxicity in adult T cell leukemia cell lines despite NOTCH1 overexpression
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke , Hourai Sawako , Uozumi Kimiharu , Uchida Yuichirou , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Miho Hachiman , Arima Naomichi , Ueno Shin-ichi , Ishitsuka Kenji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Activated mutations in Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Drosophila; NOTCH1) are driver oncogenes of T-cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. The γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), which suppresses the function of NOTCH1, is expected to be a molecular-targeted agent. NOTCH1 is also expressed in other malignant neoplasms. We aimed to determine the function of NOTCH1 expression and the effects of GSI on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) caused by long-term human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection. Methods: We analyzed active NOTCH1 in six ATL and HTLV-1-infected cell lines and investigated the influence of activated NOTCH1 together with GSI on cell proliferation. Results: Activated NOTCH1 found in ATL and HTLV-1-infected cell lines was undetectable after incubation with GSI, regardless of whether the contactin gene Tax, which encodes HTLV-1 protein, was expressed. Whole exome sequencing revealed that activated NOTCH1 mutations were undetectable in six cell lines infected with ATL and HTLV-1 regardless of abundant NOTCH1 expression. Moreover, GSI did not suppress the growth of ATL cell lines. Conclusions: These findings suggested that NOTCH1 protein is constitutively activated, but is likely a passenger during NOTCH1 mutation negative ATL cell proliferation.
A Composite Position Control of Flexible Lower Limb Exoskeleton Based on Second-order Sliding Mode
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Zhu Jinghao , Li Shenghui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the trajectory tracking error of flexible lower limb exoskeleton robot is too large under the condition of external disturbance and parameters uncertainty, a composite position control method based on second-order sliding mode was proposed. Firstly, the flexible lower limb exoskeleton robot is modeled by Lagrange function. Secondly, considering that the system is affected not only by matched disturbance but also by unmatched disturbance, two finite time state observers are used to observe and compensate the two disturbances in real time. In the position control part, the super twisting algorithm is used to ensure the trajectory tracking error of knee joint converging to zero in finite time. Eventually, the stability of the proposed control strategy is proved by the Lyapunov function. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy has more accurate trajectory tracking effect and robustness than the traditional PD control and sliding mode control, which indicates the superiority of the proposed control strategy.