bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective efficacy of dietary natural antioxidants on microplastic particles-induced histopathological lesions in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Sayed Alaa El-Din H. , Hana Mervat N. , Hamed Mohamed , Abdel-Latif Hany M. R. , Lee Jae-Seong , Soliman Hamdy A. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microplastic particles (MPs) are a common environmental pollutant easily ingested by fish in aquaculture. The current study evaluated the protective efficacies of some antioxidant, e.g., lycopene, citric acid, and chlorella, against the toxic effects of MP ingestion by Clarias gariepinus using histopathological biomarkers. Five experimental groups were established, a control group receiving only a standard diet, a group exposed to 500 mg/kg MP concomitant with the standard diet, and three antioxidant groups exposed to MPs plus either lycopene (500 mg/kg), citric acid (30 g/kg), or chlorella (50 g/kg) in the standard diet. After 15 days, fish were sacrificed for histological and histochemical examinations. Histological analysis of the kidney for group 2 (fed 500 mg/kg MPs alone) revealed distributed tissue dissociation, regional glomerular hypertrophy or shrinkage, melanomacrophage accumulation, and expansion of Bowman’s space, while liver tissue exhibited dilation and rupture of the central vein wall, hemorrhage, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and cellular necrosis or apoptosis. Fish exposed to MPs also exhibited connective tissue fiber accumulation around renal blood vessels, renal tubules, the central hepatic vein, hepatic blood sinusoids, and serosal, muscle, and submucosal layers of the intestine. In addition, MP exposure reduced carbohydrate (mainly glycogen) contents in the brush borders and basement membranes of renal tubules, glomeruli, and intestinal tissues as well as in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. These signs of renal, hepatic, and intestinal histopathology were fully or partially reversed by dietary lycopene, chlorella, or citric acid. Enhancing dietary antioxidants is an effective strategy for preventing MP toxicity in Clarias gariepinus in aquaculture.
Three-dimensional arterial spin labeling-guided dose painting radiotherapy for non-enhancing low-grade gliomas
Authors: Zhu Zihong , Gong Guanzhong , Wang Lizhen , Su Ya , Lu Jie , Yin Yong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the feasibility and dosimetric characteristics of dose painting for non-enhancing low-grade gliomas (NE-LGGs) guided by three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL).

Materials and methods
Eighteen patients with NE-LGGs were enrolled. 3D-ASL, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2 Flair) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated on the T2 Flair. The hyper-perfusion region of the GTV (GTV-ASL) was determined by 3D-ASL, and the GTV-SUB was obtained by subtracting the GTV-ASL from the GTV. The clinical target volume (CTV) was created by iso-tropically expanding the GTV by 1 cm. The planning target volume (PTV), PTV-ASL were obtained by expanding the external margins of the CTV, GTV-ASL, respectively. PTV-SUB was generated by subtracting PTV-ASL from PTV. Three plans were generated for each patient: a conventional plan (plan 1) without dose escalation delivering 95–110% of 45–60 Gy in 1.8–2 Gy fractions to the PTV and two dose-painting plans (plan 2 and plan 3) with dose escalating by 10–20% (range, 50–72 Gy) to the PTV-ASL based on plan 1. The plan 3 was obtained from plan 2 without the maximum dose constraint. The dosimetric differences among the three plans were compared.

Results
The volume ratio of the PTV-ASL to the PTV was (23.49 ± 11.94)% (Z = − 3.724, P = 0.000). Compared with plan 1, D2%, D98% and Dmean of PTV-ASL increased by 14.67%,16.17% and 14.31% in plan2 and 19.84%,15.52% and 14.27% in plan3, respectively (P < 0.05); the D2% of the PTV and PTV-SUB increased by 11.89% and 8.34% in plan 2, 15.89% and 8.49% in plan 3, respectively (P < 0.05). The PTV coverages were comparable among the three plans (P > 0.05). In plan 2 and plan 3, the conformity indexes decreased by 18.60% and 12.79%; while the homogeneity index increased by 1.43 and 2 times (P < 0.05). Compared with plan 1, the D0.1 cc of brain stem and Dmax of optic chiasma were slightly increased in plan 2 and plan 3, and the absolute doses met the dose constraint. The doses of the other organs at risk (OARs) were similar among the three plans (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The dose delivered to hyper-perfusion volume derived from 3D-ASL can increased by 10–20% while respecting the constraints to the OARs for NE-LGGs, which provides a basis for future individualized and precise radiotherapy, especially if the contrast agent cannot be injected or when contrast enhancement is uncertain.
YOLOP: You Only Look Once for Panoptic Driving Perception
Authors: Wu Dong , Liao Man-Wen , Zhang Wei-Tian , Wang Xing-Gang , Bai Xiang , Cheng Wen-Qing , Liu Wen-Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA panoptic driving perception system is an essential part of autonomous driving. A high-precision and real-time perception system can assist the vehicle in making reasonable decisions while driving. We present a panoptic driving perception network (you only look once for panoptic (YOLOP)) to perform traffic object detection, drivable area segmentation, and lane detection simultaneously. It is composed of one encoder for feature extraction and three decoders to handle the specific tasks. Our model performs extremely well on the challenging BDD100K dataset, achieving state-of-the-art on all three tasks in terms of accuracy and speed. Besides, we verify the effectiveness of our multi-task learning model for joint training via ablative studies. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that can process these three visual perception tasks simultaneously in real-time on an embedded device Jetson TX2(23 FPS), and maintain excellent accuracy. To facilitate further research, the source codes and pre-trained models are released at https://github.com/hustvl/YOLOP.
Mean Field Modeling of Grain Growth and Zener Pinning
Authors: Wu Kaisheng , Jeppsson Johan , Mason Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA mean-field model has been developed to simulate curvature-driven grain growth by exploring the evolution of grain size distribution under arbitrary thermal histories. The model was integrated into precipitation module TC-PRISMA, so that the pinning effect of the concurrently precipitated particles on the growing grains can be considered by a modified, location-specific Zener model. The developed model was validated against analytical calculations, and then applied to real alloy systems, fed with assessed grain boundary energy and mobility data. Its capabilities, limitations, and directions to improvements have been discussed.
Diversity in German-speaking medical ethics and humanities
Authors: Fiske Amelia , McLennan Stuart 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Bioethics can play an important role in addressing diversity both in and outside of academia, setting precedents for meaningful contributions to public discourse, research, teaching, training, and policy development. However, in order to do so, these conversations also need to reflect on the issue of diversity within the field of bioethics across the globe. This study aims to examine current gender representation and diversity at medical ethics and humanities institutes in Germany, the German-speaking areas of Switzerland, and Austria.

Methods
A total of forty-nine medical ethics and humanities institutes from Germany (n=42), the German-speaking areas of Switzerland (n=5), and Austria (n=2) were included in the study. Institutes websites were reviewed in the first week of March 2021 and the details of each staff member listed on the website recorded.

Results
Overall, a total of 964 staff members were identified at the forty-nine German-speaking medical ethics and humanities institutes. Just over half (530/964; 55%) of all staff were female. There were significant differences between gender in some staff positions: 64.6 per cent (31/48) of directors were male (χ2(1)=4.1, P=.04); 62.7 per cent (84/134) of student assistants were female (χ2(1)=8.6, P=.003); and 83.7 per cent (77/92) of administrative staff were female (χ2(1)=41.8, P<.001). There were no significant differences between staff gender for researchers and lecturers, or associated researchers. In addition, 65.5 per cent (19/29) of researchers and lecturers who had a professor title were male, but the difference between genders was not found to be significant. However, significantly more of the researchers and lecturers who had completed a habilitation were male (75.8% (25/33); χ2(1)=8.8, P=.003). When comparing the institute director’s gender presentation with staff gender presentation, it was found that male-led institutes had 53.4 per cent (286/536) female staff overall but had 52.7 per cent (136/258) male researchers and lecturers. However, the difference between genders were not found to be significant. On the other hand, female-led institutes had significantly more female staff overall (59.9% (223/372); χ2(1)=14.7, P<.001) and also significantly more female researchers and lecturers (58.9% (119/202; χ2(1)=6.4, P=.01).

Conclusions
There has been a significant push to address gender diversity in German-speaking academia, and this study finds overall good gender parity in medical ethics and humanities institutes. However, there has not been a similar openness to discussing issues of systemic racism or how other forms of inequality affect academic diversity. Taking diversity seriously requires opening up conversations around intersectionality, including difficult conversations around race and cultural background that have long been taboo in German-speaking countries.
Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Efficacy Towards Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Soliman Mohamed K. Y. , Salem Salem S. , Abu-Elghait Mohammed , Azab Mohamed Salah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the emergence of multidrug-resistant and the slow advent of novel and more potent antitumor and antimicrobial chemotherapeutics continue to be of the highest concern for human health. Additionally, the stability, low solubility, and negative effects of existing drugs make them ineffective. Studies into alternative tactics to tackle such tenacious diseases was sparked by anticancer and antibacterial. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were created from Trichoderma saturnisporum, the much more productive fungal strain. Functional fungal extracellular enzymes and proteins carried out the activities of synthesis and capping of the generated nano-metals. Characterization was done on the obtained Ag-NPs and Au-NPs through UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Additionally, versus methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs and Au-NPs were assessed. In particular, the Ag-NPs were more effective against pathogenic bacteria than Au-NPs. Furthermore, antibiofilm study that shown Au-NPs had activity more than Ag-NPs. Interestingly, applying the DPPH procedure, these noble metallic NPs had antioxidant activity, in which the IC50 for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs was 73.5 μg/mL and 190.0 μg/mL, respectively. According to the cytotoxicity evaluation results, the alteration in the cells was shown as loss of their typical shape, partial or complete loss of monolayer, granulation, shrinking, or cell rounding with IC50 for normal Vero cell were 693.68 μg/mL and 661.24 μg/mL, for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. While IC50 for cancer cell (Mcf7) was 370.56 μg/mL and 394.79 μg/mL for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. Ag-NPs and Au-NPs produced via green synthesis have the potential to be employed in the medical industry as beneficial nanocompounds.
Impact of fasting on thyrotropin and thyroid status during Ramadan in 292 previously well controlled hypothyroid patients. IFTAR study
Authors: Elsherbiny Tamer Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fasting during Ramadan affects thyrotropin both in healthy subjects and hypothyroid patients on adequate levothyroxine replacement. Few studies have addressed this effect in hypothyroid patients with pre-Ramadan euthyroidism. This study aims to report the impact of fasting in a relatively large cohort.

Methods
This was a prospective study including hypothyroid patients who fasted Ramadan during the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 in Alexandria, Egypt. All patients were euthyroid. Patients chosen one of three levothyroxine regimens during Ramadan, regimen 1: 60 min before Iftar, regimen 2: 3–4 h after Iftar, 60 min before Suhor, regimen 3: before the start of next fast, 3–4 h after an early Suhor. Thyroid status was assessed in pre-Ramadan visit and reassessed in post-Ramadan visit within 6 weeks from the end of Ramadan.

Results
The study included 292 hypothyroid patients. Most patients were adherent, 249 patients (85.3%), one sixth of patients were non-adherent, 43 patients (14.7%). Post-Ramadan TSH was 2.13 ± 1.88 mIU/L versus 1.60 ± 0.96 mIU/L pre-Ramadan [P = 0.001]. Most patients were still euthyroid post-Ramadan, 233 patients (79.8%), while 59 patients (20.2%) were dysthyroid. Post-Ramadan TSH significantly correlated to pre-Ramadan TSH [P < 0.001]. Post-Ramadan TSH was significantly higher in non-adherent patients, 3.57 ± 3.11 mIU/L compared to adherent patients, 1.88 ± 1.44 mIU/L [P < 0.001].

Conclusion
Fasting Ramadan in well controlled hypothyroid patients resulted in a significant increase in post-Ramadan TSH, yet 80% the patients remain euthyroid after Ramadan. Post-Ramadan TSH and euthyroidism are related to adherence and pre-Ramadan TSH.
Exploring the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and peer victimization when controlling for sadness rumination
Authors: Spyropoulou Elli , Giovazolias Theodoros 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnger rumination is an unconstructive cognitive-emotion regulation strategy that bears negative adjustment outcomes in youth. Anger rumination is mostly examined as an outcome of prior peer victimization. Unidirectional links between maladaptive anger regulation and later peer difficulties have also been reported. Surprisingly, whether anger rumination and peer victimization are mutually related and reinforcing is poorly explored. The present study tested reciprocal associations between anger rumination and peer victimization in 367 5th graders (Mage = 10.53, SE = 0.16; 54.2% girls). To increase precision of findings sadness rumination was treated as a confounder. Self-reported data were obtained at two times, spaced 1 year. Cross-lagged analyses showed that peer victimization predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa, after controlling for sadness rumination. Victimized boys were found to be more at risk for endorsing anger rumination over time as compared to victimized girls. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Assessment of compatibility of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 with neonatal intravenous medications
Authors: Salamat-Miller Nazila , Turner Mark A. , Bandekar Amey , Dixit Nitin , Jochim Emily , Mangum Barry , McPherson Christopher , Tenjarla Srini , Singh Sukhjeet , Hwang You Seok , Barton Norman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Recombinant human (rh)IGF-1/IGFBP-3 protein complex, administered as a continuous intravenous infusion in preterm infants, is being studied for the prevention of complications of prematurity.

Methods
We conducted in vitro studies to evaluate the physical and chemical compatibility of rhIGF-1/IGFBP-3 with medications routinely administered to preterm neonates. In vitro mixing of rhIGF-1/IGFBP-3 drug product with small-molecule test medications plus corresponding controls was performed. Physical compatibility was defined as no color change, precipitation, turbidity, gas evolution, no clinically relevant change in pH/osmolality or loss in medication content. Chemical compatibility of small molecules was assessed using liquid chromatography (e.g., reverse-phase HPLC and ion chromatography), with incompatibility defined as loss of concentration of ≥ 10%. A risk evaluation was conducted for each medication based on in vitro compatibility data and potential for chemical modification.

Results
In vitro physical compatibility was established for 11/19 medications: caffeine citrate, fentanyl, fluconazole, gentamicin, insulin, intravenous fat emulsion, midazolam, morphine sulfate, custom-mixed parenteral nutrition solution (with/without electrolytes), parenteral nutrition solution + intravenous fat emulsion, and vancomycin (dosed from a 5 mg/mL solution), but not for 8/19 medications: amikacin, ampicillin, dopamine, dobutamine, furosemide, meropenem, norepinephrine, and penicillin G, largely owing to changes in pH after mixing. Small-molecule compatibility was unaffected post-mixing, with no loss of small-molecule content. For physically compatible medications, risk analyses confirmed low probability and severity of a risk event.

Conclusion
Co-administration of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 drug product with various medications was assessed by in vitro studies using case-by-case risk analyses to determine the suitability of the products for co-administration.
Regulatory Considerations on the use of Machine Learning based tools in Clinical Trials
Authors: Massella Maurizio , Dri Diego Alejandro , Gramaglia Donatella 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The widespread increasing use of machine learning (ML) based tools in clinical trials (CTs) impacts the activities of Regulatory Agencies (RAs) that evaluate the development of investigational medicinal products (IMPs) in clinical studies to be carried out through the use of data-driven technologies. The fast progress in this field poses the need to define new approaches and methods to support an agile and structured assessment process.

Method
The assessment of key information, characteristics and challenges deriving from the application of ML tools in CTs and their link with the principles for a trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) that directly affect the decision-making process is investigated.

Results
Potential issues are identified during the assessment and areas of greater interaction combining key regulatory points and principles for a trustworthy AI are highlighted. The most impacted areas are those related to technical robustness and safety of the ML tool, in relation to data used and the level of evidence generated. Additional areas of attention emerged, like the ones related to data and algorithm transparency.

Conclusion
We evaluate the applicability of a new method to further support the assessment of medicinal products developed using data-driven tools in a CT setting. This is a first step and new paradigms should be adopted to support policy makers and regulatory decisions, capitalizing on technology advancements, considering stakeholders’ feedback and still ensuring a regulatory framework on safety and efficacy.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of produced carbon dioxide on multiphase fluid flow modeling of carbonate acidizing
Authors: Mehrzad Amirali , Sedaee Behnam , Pourafshary Peyman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA two-scale continuum (TSC) numerical model is used at pore and Darcy scales to model and optimize the matrix acidizing dissolution process. During matrix acidizing process in carbonate reservoir, the solubility of carbon dioxide, as one of the hydrochloric acid/calcite reaction products, is limited, which leads to the formation of a separate gas phase in the reservoir based on pressure and temperature. The presence of this free gas has nonlinear effect on the fluid flow and phase distribution in porous media due to the alteration in the relative permeability of the injected/spent acid. Density and viscosity of the spent acid will also be changed. Ignoring these effects on TSC model can reduce the accuracy of the final results compared to similar laboratory studies. The significance of our study is to examine and apply the nonlinear effects of produced carbon dioxide on wormhole propagation, dissolution patterns, and breakthrough curves at different injection rates of the acid. The innovation presented in this study is the evaluation of the effect of the presence of the gaseous carbon dioxide produced during the hydrochloric acid and calcite reaction on the relative permeability of the injected acid. This effect has been numerically investigated and solved along with the governing equations of the matrix acidizing at different time steps. In our work, The TSC model is coupled with a nonlinear relative permeability model to consider the effect of free carbon dioxide. Density, viscosity, and solubility correlations are also coupled with TSC model to update fluid properties during acid propagation and acid/rock interactions. The final results show that the neglecting of free gas affects the accuracy of wormhole propagation estimation. The model shows better agreement with the experimental data to predict the rock dissolution patterns and wormhole breakthrough. By considering free gas, the model can track thicker wormholes due to the free gas blockage and the slower acid/rock reaction rate. Our approach showed that isothermal models are not accurate enough to predict the change in carbon dioxide solubility at higher temperatures. Reduction in solubility affects the acid's relative permeability and increases the volume of acid required for the breakthrough. Hence, the developed model improves our knowledge of wormhole propagation during carbonate acidizing.
Flight mechanical analysis of a solar-powered high-altitude platform
Authors: Hasan Yasim J. , Roeser Mathias S. , Hepperle Martin , Niemann Steffen , Voß Arne , Handojo Vega , Weiser Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe German Aerospace Center (DLR) is currently developing an unmanned experimental solar-powered fixed-wing high-altitude platform designed to be stationed in the stratosphere for several days and to carry payload for earth observation missions. This paper deals with a flight mechanical analysis of the aircraft within the preliminary design phase. For this purpose, it briefly describes all disciplines involved in the preliminary design and gives an insight into their methods used. Subsequently, it presents an assessment of the aircraft in terms of stability and control characteristics. Doing so, it first deals with a dynamic stability investigation using a non-linear 6-degrees-of-freedom flight dynamic model with a simple quasi-stationary approach to account for flexibility, in which the aerodynamic derivatives are given for different airspeed-dependent flight shapes. The investigations show that the aircraft is naturally stable over the complete flight envelope. It does not have a typical short period mode. Instead, the corresponding mode involves altitude and airspeed changes to a large extent. At low airspeeds, the Dutch roll and spiral modes couple and form two non-classical modes. Second, it presents a control surface design evaluation process for the aircraft based on a flight mechanical requirement. This requirement addresses the necessary control authority to counteract the aircraft’s responses due to gust encounters to not exceed afore-defined limits and to prevent the aircraft from entering a flight condition that it cannot be recovered from.