bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering the Role of Ion Transport in Diffuson‐Dominated Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Bernges Tim , Hanus Riley , Wankmiller Bjoern , Imasato Kazuki , Lin Siqi , Ghidiu Michael , Gerlitz Marius , Peterlechner Martin , Graham Samuel , Hautier Geoffroy , Pei Yanzhong , Hansen Michael Ryan , Wilde Gerhard , Snyder G. Jeffrey , George Janine , Agne Matthias T. , Zeier Wolfgang G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNext‐generation thermal management requires the development of low lattice thermal conductivity materials, as observed in ionic conductors. For example, thermoelectric efficiency is increased when thermal conductivity is decreased. Detrimentally, high ionic conductivity leads to thermoelectric device degradation. Battery safety and design also require an understanding of thermal transport in ionic conductors. Ion mobility, structural complexity, and anharmonicity have been used to explain the thermal transport properties of ionic conductors. However, thermal and ionic transport are rarely discussed in direct comparison. Herein, the ionic conductivity of Ag+ argyrodites is found to change by orders of magnitude without altering the thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity measurements and two‐channel lattice dynamics modeling reveal that the majority of Ag+ vibrations have a non‐propagating diffuson‐like character, similar to amorphous materials. It is found that high ionic mobility is not a requirement for diffuson‐mediated transport. Instead, the same bonding and structural traits that can lead to fast ionic conduction also lead to diffuson‐mediated transport. Bridging the fields of solid‐state ionics and thermal transport, it is proposed that a vibrational perspective can lead to new design strategies for functional ionic conducting materials. As a first step, the authors relate the so‐called Meyer–Neldel behavior in ionic conductors to phonon occupations.
Fish‐scale‐like nano‐porous membrane based on zeolite nanosheets for long stable zinc‐based flow battery
Authors: Hou Xiaoxuan , Huang Kang , Xia Yongsheng , Mu Feiyan , Cao Hongyan , Xia Yu , Wu Yulin , Lu Yuqin , Wang Yixing , Xu Fang , Yu Ying , Xing Weihong , Xu Zhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZinc‐based flow batteries receive widespread attention due to their advantages of low cost and high energy density. However, zinc dendrites are easy to appear during the charge process, pierce the membrane and thus destroy the battery, which seriously restrict its further development. In this article, MFI‐type zeolite nanosheets (ns‐MFIs) with high mechanical strength and hydrophobicity arein situintroduced to porous polymer membranes, which spontaneously form turnup fish‐scale‐like structure through the one‐step phase inversion/surface segregation process. This special structure well disperses mechanical energy to provide effective protection characteristics to resist the penetration of zinc dendrites, and meanwhile promotes the uniform zinc depositions on the electrode by alleviating the water migration and accelerating zincate ion diffusion, so as to prolong the cycle life of the battery for more than 600 cycles, which is 4 times and 2.5 times longer than the commercial Nafion 212 and pristine porous polymer membrane, respectively. Moreover, the sub‐nano size pores and high‐aspect‐ratio ofns‐MFIs afford membranes extra ion sieving ability and transport area for the charging‐balancing ions OH−to ensure superior battery performance, delivering an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of ~98.5%, voltage efficiency (VE) of ~83.2%, and energy efficiency (EE) of ~81.9% at 80 mA/cm2.
Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Mannich Reaction between Benzothiazolimines and α‐Benzylidene Succinimides for the Preparation of Chiral Benzothiazol Succinimides
Authors: Li Chen‐Yi , Xiang Min , Zhang Jian , Li Wen‐Sheng , Zou Ying , Wan Wen‐Juan , Wang Li‐Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA highly effective and selective bifunctional cinchona thiourea‐catalyzed new enantioselective Mannich reaction between benzothiazolimines and α‐benzylidene succinimides at allylic site has been developed and a series of chiral benzothiazol succinimides have been successfully prepared in good to excellent yields (up to 92% yield) with high diastereoselectivities (up to>20 : 1) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to>99% ee) under mild conditions
Identifying treponemal disease in early East Asia
Authors: Zhou Yawei , Gao Guoshuai , Zhang Xiangyu , Gao Bo , Duan Chenggang , Zhu Hong , Barbera Aida R. , Halcrow Siân , Pechenkina Kate 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesHistoric records suggest that a virulent form of treponematosis, sexually transmitted syphilis was introduced to Asia from Europe by the da Gama crew, who landed in India in 1498. Our objective is to assess the gross pathology of human skeletal remains from the Tang dynasty of China to test the presence of treponemal infection in East Asia before 1498. We interpret this paleopathological evidence in the context of site ecology and sociocultural changes during the Tang dynasty.Materials and methodsWe examined the gross pathology of 1598 human skeletons from Xingfulindai (AD 618 to AD 1279) archeological site located on the Central Plain of China. Using the modified diagnostic criteria defined by Hackett's classical work, we classify the pathology as consistent, strongly suggestive, or pathognomonic for treponemal infection.ResultsTwelve adult individuals from Xingfulindai had bone lesions suggestive of systemic pathology. Two of these individuals displayed a combination of lesion patterns pathognomonic of treponemal disease and one had lesions consistent with treponematosis. The radiocarbon dates for the bone samples from these skeletons place them before AD 1200.ConclusionsThe location of Xingfulindai in a continental climatic zone is not typical for yaws and bejel ecology, because these strains occur in the tropics, or in hot, dry environments, respectively. The urban setting, where there is documented evidence for increased interaction between multiple ethnic groups and a developed institution of courtesans during the Tang dynasty, favors sexually transmitted syphilis as the more likely diagnosis. This study supports an earlier spread of syphilis to China than 1498.
Minimizing the Reorganization Energy of Cobalt Redox Mediators Maximizes Charge Transfer Rates from Quantum Dots
Authors: Fort Madeleine J. , Click Sophia M. , Robinson Evan H. , He Felix M. C. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Rosenthal Sandra J. , Macdonald Janet E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight‐induced charge separation is at the very heart of many solar harvesting technologies. The reduction of energetic barriers to charge separation and transfer increases the rate of separation and the overall efficiency of these technologies. Here we report that the internal reorganization energy of the redox acceptor, the movement of the atoms with changing charge, has a profound effect on the charge transfer rates from donor quantum dots. We experimentally studied and modelled with Marcus Theory charge transfer to cobalt complexes that have similar redox potentials covering 350 mV, but vastly different reorganization energies spanning 2 eV. While the driving force does influence the electron transfer rates, the reorganization energies had a far more profound effect, increasing charge transfer rates by several orders of magnitude. Our studies suggest that careful design of redox mediators to minimize reorganization energy is an untapped route to drastically increase the efficiency of quantum dot applications that feature charge transfer.
Heterometallic decanuclear [Fe6–Ln4] coordination clusters with enzymatic mimic activity: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties, and evaluation of catecholase activity
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , AlDamen Murad A. , Shahid M. , Ahmad M. Shahwaz , Khalid Muhammad , Intisar Azeem , Khan Muhammad Usman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThree [Fe6‐Ln4] clusters are isolated throughN‐methyldiethanolamine (H2mdea) and 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid (Hdnbz) acting as ligands together with sodium azide. The X‐ray study demonstrates that these compounds are isostructural formulated as [Fe6Ln4(μ4‐O)2(μ3‐OH)2(mdea)6(dnbz)8(N3)4]·MeCN·aH2O·bCH2Cl2(where Ln = Tb (1),a = 2,b = 3; Ho (2),a = 2,b = 2; Er (3),a = 1,b = 1). All these compounds are centrosymmetric in structure. The catecholase activity for the clusters (1–3) was also studied in methanol by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry via 3,5‐di‐tertiarybutyl catechol (3,5‐DTBC) employed as a model substrate for the identification of the compounds as a functional model for metalloenzymes. During this study, the parameters for catecholase activity are estimated asKcat = 1022.12 (1), 827.76 (2), 562.36 (3) h−1; KM = 0.6858 (1), 0.6467 (2), 0.4872 (3) M; andVmax = 0.2840 (1), 0.2291 (2), 0.1556 (3) M min−1. In the Fe–4fsystem, such a type of activity is determined for the first time. The magnetic studies indicate the antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions between the metal centers.
Europhtal: An industrial cobalt phthalocyanine complex as the efficient catalyst for synthesis of thioamides by one‐pot reaction of mercaptans and amines
Authors: Zarinderakht Nasser , Abbasi Mohammad , Nowrouzi Najmeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe potential of industrial cobalt phthalocyanines in the synthesis of thioamides is reported. A mixture of an industrial sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanines known as Co[(SO3Na)2,3Pc] (Europhtal catalyst additive 8020) is introduced as an efficient catalyst capable of converting benzyl thiols to synthetically valuable thioamides by reaction with amines and DMSO. In this procedure, different primary and secondary amines also heterocyclic amines were successfully converted into benzothioamides in high yields. This simple, one‐pot three‐component conversion method is scalable and provides efficient and practical route to the synthesis of diverse benzothioamides.
Perioperative Prewarming: Heat Transfer and Physiology
Authors: Van Duren Albert 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTTo appreciate the strategy of prewarming, perioperative personnel should have a basic understanding of the physics of heat transfer and the thermoregulatory pathophysiology of anesthesia. The dominant cause of postinduction hypothermia is anesthesia‐related redistribution of heat within the body; the role of cutaneous heat loss is minimal. Physiologic thermoregulatory system changes that occur in response to anesthesia make it almost impossible to reverse intraoperative hypothermia. However, prewarming is an effective strategy to prevent postinduction hypothermia from redistribution because it creates a temporary excess of heat in the body’s peripheral thermal compartment. Perioperative nurses should implement active and passive prewarming strategies in accordance with the warming devices at their facility and available time. This article focuses on two major topics necessary to understand prewarming: the effect of anesthesia on postinduction thermoregulation and thermodynamic conditions that successful treatment strategies must exploit to produce desired outcomes.
Extraction of valuable metals from acidic wastewater and blast furnace slag by a collaborative utilization process
Authors: Ju Jinrong , Feng Yali , Li Haoran , Xu Chenglong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo typical wastes, acidic wastewater and titanium‐bearing blast furnace slag, are generated in the smelting process of vanadium‐titanium magnetite. Generally, the acidic wastewater is neutralized by lime or limestone and titanium‐bearing blast furnace slag is directly stacked in the tailings pond, which not only pollutes the ecological environment but also causes the waste of metal resources. In this study, a collaborative utilization process for efficient extraction of titanium, iron, magnesium, and aluminum from acidic wastewater and low titanium‐bearing blast furnace (LTBBF) slag was proposed. At the leaching temperature of 80°C, the leaching time of 50 min, and the liquid–solid ratio of 9:1, 99.26% Ti, 99.47% Mg, and 99.45% Al could be extracted from LTBBF slag by acidic wastewater. Leaching residue mainly composed of Ca and Si could be used as silicon fertilizer. The Ti in the leaching solution could be separated by adding Na3PO4. The precipitation efficiency of Ti reached 98.53% under the molar ratio of Na3PO4 to TiO2 of 1.4, reaction temperature of 85°C, and reaction time of 40 min. The titanium phosphate ((TiO)2P2O7) was obtained by calcination of the precipitate at 900°C for 3 h. Adding oxalic acid to the filtrate above, the precipitation efficiency of Fe, Mg, and Mn reached 96.47%, 99.21%, and 99.45%, respectively, under the optimal conditions, while the precipitation efficiency of Al was only .38%. By adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5, 99.83% Al could be precipitated as Al(OH)3, and the final solution was evaporated to obtain Na2SO4 products. The method proposed realizes the harmless treatment of acidic wastewater and LTBBF slag and recovers the metal resources in both of them.
Lignin modified PBAT composites with enhanced strength based on interfacial dynamic bonds
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Huang Jinhao , Liu Weifeng , Qiu Xueqing , Lou Hongming , Zheng Lu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a type of synthetic biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester with comparable mechanical properties to polyethylene, but the application of PBAT is limited by factors such as high cost, short shelf life, poor weather and water resistance. In order to develop PBAT composites with high performance and low cost, lignin‐modified PBAT biocomposites with enhanced tensile strength were prepared via in‐situ construction of interfacial dynamic bonds. Zinc stearate and epoxy soybean oil were introduced as the interfacial modifiers to construct dynamic bonds between lignin and PBAT, so as to improve the interfacial compatibility. The results demonstrated that the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interface modifiers reached the maximum tensile strength of 36.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 725.3% at the lignin content of 5 wt%, with the tensile strength achieved 5% improvement on the basis of pure PBAT (34.9 MPa and 717.6%). When the lignin content was increased to 10 wt%, the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interfacial modifiers still maintained the tensile strength of 35.4 MPa and the elongation at break of 627.8%, which was 82% and 31% higher than that of the directly compounded sample without interfacial modifiers, respectively. Even when the content of lignin loading increased to 20 and 30 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites were still significantly improved by adding modifiers. The hydrophobicity of the composite was also improved after in‐situ interfacial modification. The strategy demonstrated in this work provides an effective reference for the development of lignin/PBAT composites with high performance but low cost.
Fast‐growing phototrophic microorganisms and the productivity of phototrophic cultures
Authors: Steuer Ralf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFast‐growing cyanobacterial and microalgal strains are considered to be a promising resource to overcome current productivity barriers of phototrophic cultivation. The purpose of this communication, however, is to argue that a high maximal growth rate itself is not a sufficient or necessary property for high phototrophic productivity. Rather, the light‐limited specific growth rate of a phototrophic microorganism is a product of several factors, including the rate of light absorption, the photosynthetic efficiency, and the maximal biomass yield per mol photons. It is suggested that, in addition to the maximal growth rate, reports on fast‐growing strains should also assess photosynthetic efficiency and maximal biomass yield as predictors of culture productivity. The arguments within the communication are underpinned by a theoretical analysis of a light‐limited chemostat, compared to its heterotrophic counterpart. It is shown that for the light‐limited chemostat maximal productivity occurs at low dilution rates.
Non‐genetically modified organism in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of the lacZα gene: A 4.5 h laboratory course for senior high‐school students
Authors: Thyssen Christoph , Johannes Eva , Müller Katharina , Wünn Joachim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system opens new horizons (M. Adli, Nat Commun, 2018) regarding genetic modifications of living organisms but also as an in vitro tool in laboratory protocols. Therefore, it boosts possibilities in research and future medical treatments. As the controversial claim of genomically edited babies by He Jiankui (Cyranoski D., Nature, 2019) demonstrates, the new gene editing potentials entail ethical discussions. A public or social discussion presupposes not only a theoretical knowledge or understanding of the system, but also profits from direct laboratory experiences showing how easy these techniques can be applied. Introducing numerous students and classes into these emerging techniques in a modern biology classroom depends on a suitable course concept, which fits legal and organizational requirements at the same time. Therefore, we implemented an appropriate hands‐on laboratory course for senior high‐school students, lasting just 4.5 h. Particularly with regard to European regulations concerning the handling of genetically modified organisms, the constructs and protocols avoid the transfer of Cas9 DNA. This normally mandatory transfer was replaced by in vitro gene‐editing. This leads to Cas9 induced gene knock‐outs due to frame shifts and/or the excision of DNA fragments in common Escherichia coli (E. coli) plasmids, such as pUC19. This gene knock‐out concept covers various steps: In vitro plasmid editing with Cas9, ligation and transformation of E. coli cells with the modified plasmid DNA and finally the spread plating of transformed E. coli cells in order to analyze colonies after overnight incubation. The successful excision of DNA fragments by in vitro Cas9 treatment was determined by subsequent gel electrophoresis.
The middle anorectal artery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 880 patients/1905 pelvic sides
Authors: Zarzecki Michał P. , Ostrowski Patryk , Wałęga Piotr , Iwanaga Joe , Walocha Jerzy A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe middle anorectal artery (MAA) is considered to supply the middle and lower parts of the rectum, however, its prevalence and point of origin vary across the literature. Clinical importance of the MAA becomes evident in the total mesorectal excision during the colorectal surgery of rectal cancer in both sexes, as well as interventional radiology procedures utilizing the prostatic vasculature in males. Major electronic medical databases were investigated for terms pertaining to the MAA and its associated variations. Compatible data regarding the artery's prevalence, laterality, origin, and distribution in both sexes was acquired. The risk of bias within the studies was assessed utilizing the AQUA tool. In total, 28 works (n = 880 patients/1905 pelvic sides) were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, and their publication date ranged from 1897 until 2021. The overall pooled prevalence estimate for the MAA was 59.8% of the patients, and 55.2% of the pelvic sides studied. The vessel was identified more frequently in cadaveric pelvic sides evaluations (79.3%). The artery was found bilaterally more often (56.7%), and most commonly originated from the internal pudendal artery (50.3%). Anastomoses between the MAA and the other anorectal arteries were reported in 78.1%. The MAA is predominantly a present vessel, with various point of origin. Its direct clinical significance is yet to be discovered in larger study samples, providing more detailed and unified reports of its anatomical features, especially regarding its branches.
Novel oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Memon Muhammad Mustafa , Siddiqui Asad Ali , Amin Emaan , Shaikh Fahd Niaz , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Doukky Rami , Krasuski Richard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to the current guideline‐recommended vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has not been well established. We pooled evidence from all available studies to assess the risks and benefits of this drug class.MethodsWe queried electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane central) up until January 28th, 2022 for studies comparing NOACs to VKAs in AF patients undergoing TAVR. Results from studies were presented as risk ratios (RR) and pooled using a random‐effects model. Subgroup analysis by study design and meta‐regression analysis were performed to explore heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 12 studies (3 RCTs and 9 observational) containing 12,203 patients (mean age 81.2 years; 50.5% men) were identified and included in the analysis. Pooled analysis revealed no significant difference between NOACs and VKAs in terms of stroke or systemic embolism (RR: 0.78; p = 0.18), major bleeding (RR: 0.84; p = 0.32), intracranial hemorrhage (RR 0.61; p = 0.06), all‐cause mortality (RR: 0.69; p = 0.07), and myocardial infarction (RR: 1.60; p = 0.24) at a mean length of follow‐up of 15.1 months. RCTs and observational studies did not significantly differ across outcomes on subgroup analysis. Meta‐regression analysis found heterogeneity in all‐cause mortality to be significantly explained by percentage of males (coefficient: 0.049, p = 0.007), mean age (coefficient: 0.221, p < 0.001), and CHA2DS2‐VASc score (coefficient: −1.657, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that outcomes with NOACs do not significantly differ compared to VKAs following TAVR in patients with AF.
Iatrogenic long thoracic nerve injury and scapular winging in posterior spinal fusion surgery: A case report
Authors: Shakery Mohammadreza , Ghandhari Hasan , Mahdavi Seyed Mani , Chehrassan Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is an extremely rare case of scapular winging following posterior spinal fusion for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in an 18‐year‐old boy due to iatrogenic injury to a long thoracic nerve. Scapular winging manifested 5 days after the operation and spontaneously improved after 7 months.
Aluminum‐Ligand Cooperative O−H Bond Activation Initiates Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Carr Cody R. , Vesto James I. , Xing Xiujing , Fettinger James C. , Berben Louise A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular design ultimately furnishes improvements in performance over time, and this has been the case for Rh‐ and Ir‐based molecular catalysts currently used in transfer hydrogenation (TH) reactions for fine chemical synthesis. In this report, we describe a molecular pincer ligand Al catalyst for TH, (I2P2−)Al(THF)Cl (I2P=diiminopyridine; THF=tetrahydrofuran). The mechanism for TH is initiated by two successive Al‐ligand cooperative bond activations of the O−H bonds in two molecules of isopropanol (iPrOH) to afford six‐coordinate (H2I2P)Al(OiPr)2Cl. Stoichiometric chemical reactions and kinetic experiments suggest an ordered transition state, supported by polar solvents, for concerted hydride transfer from iPrO− to substrate. Metal‐ligand cooperative hydrogen bonding in a cyclic transition state is a likely support for the concerted hydride transfer event. The available data does not support involvement of an intermediate Al‐hydride in the TH. Proof‐of‐principle reactions including the conversion of isopropanol and benzophenone to acetone and diphenylmethanol with 90 % conversion in 1 h are described. The analogous hydride compound, (I2P2−)Al(THF)H, also cleaves the O−H bond in iPrOH to afford (HI2P−)Al(OiPr)H and (HI2P−)Al(OiPr)2, but no activity for catalytic TH was observed.