bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntactic variation and Pan-Hispanic awareness in teachers of Spanish as a second language
Authors: Borrego Nieto Julio , Recio Diego Álvaro , Tomé Cornejo Carmela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increasing view of Spanish as a pluricentric language has raised awareness of its linguistic diversity also in the grammatical domain. The concept of Pan-Hispanism—the recognition that varieties different from Castilian Spanish can be acceptable as Standard Spanish—has been publicly implemented by the prescriptivist institutions. The goal of this article is to analyze the influence of Pan-Hispanism and awareness of syntactic variation in teachers of Spanish as a second language. To do so, we surveyed 264 native and non-native teachers of Spanish across the world through an online questionnaire where they had to (a) implicitly judge sequences which reflected grammatical phenomena of different diatopic varieties of Spanish, and (b) explicitly indicate which variety they used in their classes. The results show that, despite the advances and institutional efforts towards pluricentrism, awareness of Pan-Hispanism in grammar is still very low among teachers of Spanish, since most tend to reject grammatical uses that are alien to their own variety. The prevalence of the prestige of Castilian Spanish is linked to a still dominant Eurocentrism in the teaching of Spanish as a second language, thus showing the need for adopting a more tolerant and inclusive view of Spanish linguistic diversity.
The mood system of Myanmar
Authors: Win Lai Yee , Geng Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to present themoodsystem of Myanmar within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Themoodsystem of Myanmar is composed of two simultaneous systems:mood typeandmood force. The former focuses on describing the methods of exchange including declarative, interrogative, and imperative, while the latter focuses on the “language force” embedded in the exchange. In this study, certain structures for Mood realization and Mood particles used by Myanmar speakers are presented for each type and subtype of themood typeandmood forcesystems of Myanmar. The findings show the interpersonal metafunction of Myanmar language makes an important contribution to further contrastive studies between themoodsystems and their realizations of Myanmar and those of foreign languages.
Ultrasmall SnS2 quantum dot−based photodetectors with high responsivity and detectivity
Authors: Ren Yi , An Hua , Zhang Weiguan , Wei Songrui , Xing Chenyang , Peng Zhengchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) often exhibit unique behaviors because the reduction in lateral size leads to stronger quantum confinement effects and a higher surface-to-volume ratio in comparison with larger two-dimensional nanosheets. However, the preparation of homogeneous QDs remains a longstanding challenge. This work reports the preparation of high-yield and ultrasmall tin disulfide (SnS2) QDs by combining top–down and bottom–up approaches. The as-prepared SnS2 QDs have a uniform lateral size of 3.17 ± 0.62 nm and a thicknesses 2.39 ± 0.88 nm. A series of self-powered photoelectrochemical-type photodetectors (PDs) utilizing the SnS2 QDs as photoelectrodes are also constructed. Taking advantage of the tunable bandgaps and high carrier mobility of the SnS2, our PDs achieve a high photocurrent density of 16.38 μA cm−2 and a photoresponsivity of 0.86 mA W−1, and good long-term cycling stability. More importantly, the device can display obvious photoresponse, even at zero bias voltage (max), and greater weak-light sensitivity than previously reported SnS2-based PDs. Density functional theory calculation and optical absorption were employed to reveal the working mechanism of the SnS2 QDs-based PDs. This study highlights the prospective applications of ultrasmall SnS2 QDs and provides a new route towards future design of QDs-based optoelectronic devices.
Fluorescein-derived carbon dots with chitin-targeting for ultrafast and superstable fluorescent imaging of fungi
Authors: Liu Ao , Chen Yiqiao , Yang Biwen , Guo Zhouyi , Mo Luoqi , Chen Haolin , Tao Chenglong , Su Chengkang , Liu Zhiming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy based on fluorochrome has been rapidly developed as the candidate for morphological identification of pathogenic fungi over recent years, offering superior rapidity and efficacy over traditional culture methods. However, the intrinsic quenching properties of fluorescein limit the clinical application of fluorescence imaging. Herein, we report a nano-strategy by converting a commercial fluorescein dye, fluorescent brightener-33 (FB-33), into carbon dots (FB-CDs) through a one-pot hydrothermal method. FB-CDs exhibit a chitin-targeting capacity allowing the selective recognition and ultrafast imaging of fungi within 30 s. The fluorescence quantum yield of FB-CDs is 51.6% which is 8.6-fold higher than that of commercial dye, FB-33. Moreover, FB-CDs also display superstable fluorescence signals under continuous intense light irradiation for 2 h and long-term storage for more than 2 months. The significantly improved photobleaching resistance meets the prolonged fluorescence observation and quantitative analysis of microbial samples. This work offers a novel nanoconversion strategy of commercial dyes for point-of-care testing of pathogenic organisms.
Nonsynaptic Transmission Mediates Light Context-Dependent Odor Responses inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ikeda Kazuaki , Kataoka Masaki , Tanaka Nobuaki K. 
Published: September 2022

Recent connectome analyses of the entire synaptic circuit in the nervous system have provided tremendous insights into how neural processing occurs through the synaptic relay of neural information. Conversely, the extent to which ephaptic transmission which does not depend on the synapses contributes to the relay of neural information, especially beyond a distance between adjacent neurons and to neural processing remains unclear. We show that ephaptic transmission mediated by extracellular potential changes in femaleDrosophila melanogastercan reach >200 µm, equivalent to the depth of its brain. Furthermore, ephaptic transmission driven by retinal photoreceptor cells mediates light-evoked firing rate increases in olfactory sensory neurons. These results indicate that ephaptic transmission contributes to sensory responses that can change momentarily in a context-dependent manner.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough extracellular field potential activities are commonly observed in many nervous systems, this activity has been generally considered as a side effect of synchronized spiking of neurons. This study, however, shows that field potential changes in retinae evoked by a sensory stimulus can control the excitability of distant neuronsin vivoand mediates multimodal sensory integration inDrosophila melanogaster. As such ephaptic transmission is more effective at a short distance, the ephaptic transmission from the retinae may contribute significantly to firing rate changes in downstream neurons of the photoreceptor cells in the optic lobe.
Resistensi Budaya Tahlilan Pada Masyarakat Pragaan Daya: Kajian Living Hadis
Authors: Badry Ach , Rahmah Siti , Heryana Esya 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to diccus the resitanse of tahlilan culture in the Pragaan Daya community. Researchers uncover this problem based on field facts that exist in the Pragaan Daya community. This study uses observation data, interviews with a number of informants, and several other literature sources. To process the data, this research uses a living hadith approach as a way to obtain data. The results and discussion of this study indicate that there is perspective on prohibition of hadith law related to tahlilan culture, community responses related to tahlilan cultural law and hadith views on tahlilan and traditional values. This study concludes that tahlilan has existed since the time of prophet Muhammad Saw. Based on available references and the hadith of the prophet Muhammad Saw. shows that the law of giving food treats to people who come to the house of the mortician without being based on the shari’ah then the law is haram as the prophet’s hadith for the prohibition. This study recommends academics and research to develop further related to tahlilan cultural resistance in the Pragaan Daya community through a theological perspective.
Simulation of Dynamic Rupture Process and Near-Field Strong Ground Motion for the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Yu Zhenjiang , Liu Qi , Xu Jiankuan , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in the Longmenshan thrust zone is the most serious natural disaster recorded in China’s densely populated areas over the past few decades. Its northeast-trending principal fault—the Yingxiu–Beichuan fault (YXBCF), has a complex, segmentary-cascaded geometry and was dominated by the thrust slip in the southwest section, while the right-lateral slip in the northeast section. Some previous works believe that there may have occurred a supershear rupture in the strike-slip-dominated northeast section. Here we revisited this earthquake by exploring the dynamic rupture mechanism of the principal fault and showed a hypothetical scenario with supershear rupture occurring in its northeast section. We utilized a 3D curve grid finite-difference method to simulate the spontaneous rupture process of the YXBCF and corresponding near-field strong ground motion. An appropriate focal process is obtained using the trial-and-error method within reasonable parameters, and its related responses are validated by geological investigations and geophysical inversions. Besides, a large hypothetical oblique propagating supershear rupture is shown between Beichuan and Nanba in the northeast section of the YXBCF. Its transition mechanism is related to the Gaochuan–Beichuan conjugated fault from the fault geometry perspective, and belongs to the joint action of fault barrier and free surface. Such a supershear scenario is not rejected by observations and could increase the credibility of the occurrence of supershear rupture in the northeast section of the YXBCF during the Wenchuan earthquake.
Clinicoepidemiological study of acanthosis nigricans in pre and primary school children and its association with body mass index, waist circumference and insulin resistance
Authors: Yadav Priyanka Yogananda , Swaroop Mukunda Ranga , Reddy Nikitha , Obeidullan Shaikh Mohammed , Kalra Tarandeep Kaur , Devendra Shaila Shree 
Published: September 2022

Acanthosis nigricans is characterised by hyperpigmentation and velvet like thickening of skin. It is seen symmetrically involving the neck, axilla, groins, antecubital and popliteal fossae, umbilical, perianal areas and in advanced conditions, even dorsum of hands and fingers.To evaluate the clinical features and epidemiological factors of acanthosis nigricans in pre and primary school children and to evaluate the association of acanthosis nigricans with body mass index, waist circumference and insulin resistance. A total of 100 children with acanthosis nigricans meeting defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this cross-sectional study after taking an informed consent and approval of institutional ethical committee. All parents of children with acanthosis nigricans were subjected to a detailed history based on a questionnaire. A thorough clinical examination was done to study acanthosis nigricans. Blood samples were collected and fasting serum insulin and fasting blood sugar were determined. Most of the children were boys (M:F=1.3:1) and mean age was 6.66±1.99 years. Twenty four percent were normal weight, 28% were overweight and 48% were obese children. On examination, neck was the commonest site of acanthosis nigricans. Grade 4 neck severity (p=0.0014) and grade 3 neck texture (P=0.0198) of acanthosis nigricans were significantly associated with Insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Twenty eight percent of normal weight, 42.8% of overweight and 75% of obese children had insulin resistance. Acanthosis nigricans was associated with insulin resistance in normal, overweight and obese children. Hence, we would like to propose that all the children with acanthosis nigricans must be screened for Insulin resistance irrespective of body mass index. With this evidence of Insulin resistance, guidelines can be given to the parents about life style modification which will help in preventing the onset of diabetes mellitus later and thereby, improving the quality of life of the child.
Clinical case report: Chronic kidney disease and ESKD (End stage kidney disease)
Authors: Mir Javaid Ahmad , Mushtaq Onaisa Aalia , Mushtaq Bushra 
Published: September 2022

Chronic kidney disease include fibrosis, loss of renal cells and infiltration of renal tissue by monocytes and macrophages. The pathophysiology may include protein uria, hypoxia and excessive angiotensive II production. Hypoxia also contributes to disease progression. The disease has a vast number of clinical manifestations which include abnormalities in laboratory tests, hypertension, fatigue and poor appetite. There are five stages of CKD and in stage 5 the full blown clinical manifestations of end -stage renal disease are evident.Medical this disease can be managed by:1. Controlling blood pressure. 2. Managing blood glucose level to maintain HbA1c below 7%. 3. Managing hyperlipidemia with diet and cholesterol lowering drugs. 3. Managing and treating emerging manifestations of renal failure. 4. Prepare clients for renal replacement therapy when necessary. Patients condition (general condition) was fair, GCS 15/15,but had ineffective coping strategies, he was very much worried about his condition & renal transplant. He was not satisfied about the treatment received. Doctors have planned to discharge him till they arrange a donor for kidney.
Spirometric Indices of Charcoal Smoke Exposed Food Grillers in Yenagoa South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Nathan Onini E. , Johnbull Jumbo , Emmanuel Edafe A. , Peter Ikuabe O. , Gregory Erhabor E. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Pulmonary function is an important marker of the effects of air pollution on the exposed population. Mild to moderate reductions of FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, and FEF25–75 have been associated with the exposure to biomass burning in cross-sectional studies. Some hospital-based case-control studies, confirm that people exposed to biomass smoke have high risk for developing airflow obstruction with significant reduction of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC.
However, none of these studies has evaluated lung function parameters among charcoal smoke exposed food grillers.
Therefore this index study took a look at spirometric indices among food grillers exposed to charcoal smoke in Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria.
Methods: This was a comparative observational cross-sectional study of charcoal smoke exposed spirometric indices of food grillers compared to fruit sellers The Medical Research Council (MRC) Questionnaire was administered to participants and a “one-on-one” interview was conducted by the researcher using the questionnaires.Information obtained included socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status and level of education. Spirometry was performed in accordance with the ATS/ERS using standard single reusable turbine spirometer (MIR Spirobank II Basic; manufactured by P & A Medical Limited). Spirograms that met the ATS/ERS criteria for acceptability were used. Information obtained with the spirometer were FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF and FEF25-75. A portable HANA analogue weight machine was used to weigh the study participants and a flexible plastic tape measure was used to measure the heights of participants
Results: A total of one hundred and sixty (160) participants made up of eighty (80) food-grillers and fruit-sellers (controls) respectively were recruited for this study. A normal lung function pattern was found in 60 (75.0%) of food-grillers and 72 (90.0%) of controls. This shows that more fruit-sellers had normal lung function pattern, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.013). Obstructive pattern was found in 16 (20.0%) of food-grillers and 6 (7.5%) of controls (p = 0.022).
The mean lung function values for food-grillers compared to fruit sellers were: FEV1=2.8±0.5L vs 3.2±0.5 (72.3±5.8% predicted); FVC=3.6±0.6L vs 3.9±0.8 (76.8±6.6% predicted), FEV1/FVC=78.5±4.9 vs 85.3 ±5.3 (77.1±5.4% predicted); PEF=5.7± 1.2L/s vs 6.9 ±2.9 (81.6±7.3% predicted) and FEF25-75=2.8±0.8L/s vs 3.0 (±0.4) (80.5±15.3% predicted). The values were statistically different between food-grillers and controls (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:

Exposure to charcoal smoke is associated with the development of lung function abnormalities and reduction in lung function parameters.
Increasing exposure time to charcoal smoke increase the likelihood of lung function abnormalities.
Hybrid revascularization of chronic occlusion of the aorto-femoral segment in a patient with critical ischemia of the lower limbs and ischemic heart disease
Authors: Susanin N. S. , Chernyavsky M. A. , Vanyurkin A. G. , Solovyov V. A. , Belova Yu. K. , Odintsov N. S. 
Published: September 2022

Backgound. The number of patients with Leriche’s syndrome has increased dramatically. Despite the compensatory development of collaterals, this condition most often leads to symptoms of intermittent claudication and can result in critical ischemia and amputations. TASC II guidelines recommend reconstructive surgery, but this approach is associated with high perioperative mortality. So far, only few studies reported the results of endovascular correction of the atherogenic process in the infrarenal aorta.Objective. To present a clinical case of hybrid revascularization of the aortofemoral segment in a patient with ischemic heart disease.Design and methods. A 68-year-old patient with Leriche’s syndrome underwent ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries, coronary angiography, and multispiral computed tomography with angiography. Subsequently, hybrid surgery was performed.Results. Given the critical ischemia of the lower extremities and comorbidities, a hybrid surgical intervention was performed: endarterectomy from the femoral arteries and endovascular recanalization of the occlusion of the aortoiliac segment using the “kissing stents” technique.Conclusions. The requirements for equipment and experience of the surgical team limit the widespread use of hybrid correction of an occlusive lesion of the infrarenal aorta. The lack of randomized trials creates uncertainty in the choice of revascularization tactics. In the framework of this clinical case, the effectiveness of hybrid surgery in the treatment of a patient with multifocal atherosclerosis has been proven.
A HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL ATRAVÉS DOS OLHARES DE BORIS FAUSTO, SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLANDA E JOSÉ MURILO DE CARVALHO
Authors: Quevedo Elaine Cristina Segheto , Botezini Natana Alvina 
Published: September 2022

O presente ensaio versa sobre as contribuições trazidas por três importantes obras na área de História do Brasil, sendo as mesmas: História do Brasil de autoria de Boris Fausto, Raízes do Brasil, escrita por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, e Cidadania no Brasil – O longo caminho, de José Murilo de Carvalho. Tais obras se colocam como fundamentais para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do país em termos culturais, políticos e sociais. Através das análises elaboradas pelos três estudiosos expoentes da História do Brasil, observamos as nuances que envolveram os percursos de formação do povo brasileiro em suas mais diversas facetas. O tema se desenvolve através da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nas três obras supramencionadas, buscando assinalar pontos de continuidade e distanciamento entre o pensamento dos três estudiosos.
AS REPERCUSSÕES JURÍDICAS E SOCIAIS DA SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM MULHERES TRABALHADORAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS (COVID 19)
Authors: Gorczevski Clovis , Kohls Cleize Carmelinda 
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo busca analisar a incidência da síndrome de Burnout em mulheres trabalhadoras no Brasil durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus - COVID19. Pretende-se encontrar respostas para os seguintes problemas de pesquisa: Como a pandemia de COVID 19 relaciona-se com a síndrome de Burnout em mulheres trabalhadoras? Qual a proteção legal existente no Brasil para as mulheres trabalhadoras acometidas da síndrome de Burnout? E quais as lições que podem ser extraídas do contexto de pandemia para o enfrentamento e prevenção da síndrome? Para responder estes problemas, a pesquisa é desenvolvida por meio do método hipotético dedutivo, através de pesquisas bibliográficas e de dados propor alternativas para o enfrentamento da temática. Objetiva-se apresentar uma análise das desigualdades de gênero no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, demonstrando sua relação com a síndrome de Burnout, e investigando sobre a proteção legal existente para as mulheres acometidas da síndrome e as políticas públicas que podem ser desenvolvidas para o enfrentamento da problemática. O estudo demonstra a importância de políticas públicas preventivas, através do incentivo para a adequação de condutas pelas empresas, e a necessidade de políticas públicas informativas sobre o problema.
АНАЛИЗ УСЛОВИЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ БОРТОВ ЖЕЛЕЗОРУДНЫХ КАРЬЕРОВ, СЛОЖЕННЫХ ОСАДОЧНЫМИ ПОРОДАМИ
Authors: Ефремов Евгений Юрьевич , Обогрелова Полина Игоревна 
Published: September 2022

Актуальность. Анализ устойчивости горных пород при решении геомеханических и инженерно-геологических задач сталкивается с рядом трудностей при отображении физико-механических свойств массива горных пород на расчетных моделях. Среди них основными являются: широкий диапазон свойств, структура массива, отсутствие достаточного количества исходных данных. Исходные параметры имеют существенную важность при математическом моделировании, что выражается в принципе GIGO (англ. Garbage In, Garbage Out, «Мусор на входе – мусор на выходе»). Целью работы является изучение влияния разброса физико-механических свойств горных пород, слагающих борта карьеров, на их устойчивость. Объектом исследования является верхняя часть массива, сложенная комплексом пород мезо-кайнозойского возраста. Полигоном исследования выступает Соколовское железорудное скарновое месторождение, разрабатываемое одноименным карьером в сложных инженерно-геологических условиях. Методы. Исследование проводилось в рамках гипотезы предельного равновесия с помощью расчетных методов Филлениуса, Спенсера, Бишопа. Изучалась чувствительность модели борта карьера к прочностным параметрам горных пород: сцеплению и углу внутреннего трения. Анализ чувствительности осуществлялся с помощью перебора значений параметров в пределах диапазона свойств, полученных в ходе испытаний. Результаты и выводы. Результаты исследований позволили установить зависимости коэффициента устойчивости бортов карьера от изменчивости физико-механических свойств мезо-кайнозойских отложений. Для инженерно-геологических условий Соколовского карьера выявлены породы, представляющие наибольшие риски с точки зрения устойчивости бортов. Применяемый подход является разновидностью сценарного прогнозирования и наряду с решением обратных задач, необходимых для калибровки моделей, является подходящим методом для оценки геомеханических условий.