bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasonography in Endoscopic Approaches for Orbital Lesions: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Zoli Matteo , Sollini Giacomo , Martinoni Matteo , Rustici Arianna , Guaraldi Federica , Asioli Sofia , Fabbri Viscardo Paolo , Cirillo Luigi , Pasquini Ernesto , Mazzatenta Diego 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Recently, endoscopic approaches for orbital lesions have been proposed. Their results seem promising; however, orbital surgery remains challenging with possible significant morbidity, mostly because of orbital structures manipulation. Ultrasonography is an innovative intraoperative imaging technique that can assist the surgeon in these approaches.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the role of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in endoscopic orbital surgery.

METHODS:
All consecutive patients with orbital tumors operated in our institution through an endoscopic approach with IOUS have been prospectively collected from 2019 to May 2021.

RESULTS:
Fifteen patients were included. Based on tumor location, evaluated on preoperative MRI, the endoscopic endonasal approach was preferred in 7 tumors in medial quadrants while the endoscopic transpalpebral in 8 lateral ones. During surgery, IOUS allowed us to identify the tumors and the most relevant anatomic structures in all cases. Time spent for IOUS preparation before the first scan was 8 ± 6 minutes on average, and each intraoperative scan took approximately 30 to 120 seconds. Gross tumor removal was achieved in 8 patients, subtotal in 3, while in 4 patients, surgery was limited to a biopsy. No surgical complications were observed.

CONCLUSION:
IOUS has allowed us to localize the lesion and to identify the straighter surgical corridor and assess the tumor resection, effectively helping the surgeon and potentially reducing operative complications. This tool provides a real-time image, not affected by the orbital structures shift, which can be dynamically assessed multiple times during surgery. However, it is hampered by the need of specific training and possible artifacts.
In-Human Report of S2 Alar-Iliac Screw Placement Using Augmented Reality Assistance
Authors: Judy Brendan F. , Liu Ann , Jin Yike , Ronkon Charles , Khan Majid , Cottrill Ethan , Ehresman Jeff , Pennington Zach , Bydon Ali , Lo Sheng-Fu L. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Molina Camilo A. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screws provide spinopelvic fixation with the advantages of minimized dissection, easier rod contouring, and decreased symptomatic screw-head prominence. However, placement of S2AI screws may be challenging because of the anatomy of the lumbosacral junction. Augmented reality is a nascent technology that may enhance placement of S2AI screws.

OBJECTIVE:
To report the first in-human placement of augmented reality (AR)–assisted S2 alar-iliac screws and evaluate the accuracy of screw placement.

METHODS:
A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent AR-assisted S2AI screw placement. All surgeries were performed by 2 neurosurgeons using an AR head-mounted display (Xvision, Augmedics). Screw accuracy was analyzed in a blinded fashion by an independent neuroradiologist using the cortical breach grading scale.

RESULTS:
Twelve patients underwent AR-assisted S2AI screw placement for a total of 23 screws. Indications for surgery included deformity, degenerative disease, and tumor. Twenty-two screws (95.6%) were accurate—defined as grade 0 or grade 1. Twenty-one screws (91.3%) were classified as grade 0, 1 screw (4.3%) was grade 1, and 1 screw (4.3%) was grade 3. All breaches were asymptomatic.

CONCLUSION:
AR-assisted S2AI screw placement had an overall accuracy rate of 95.6% (grade 0 and grade 1 screws) in a cohort of 12 patients and 23 screws. This compares favorably with freehand and robotic placement.
1,2
AR enables spine surgeons to both better visualize anatomy and accurately place spinal instrumentation. Future studies are warranted to research the learning curve and cost analysis of AR-assisted spine surgery.
Infiltrating circulating monocytes provide an important source of BMP4 at the early stage of spinal cord injury
Authors: Shen Weiyun , Liu Shuxin , Wei Xiaojing , Wang Yaping , Yang Lin 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 plays a critical role in regulating neuronal and glial activity in the course of spinal cord injury (SCI). The underlying cause and cellular source of BMP4 accumulation at the injured spinal cord remain unclear. Here, we observed that plasma BMP4 levels are statistically higher in SCI patients than in healthy donors. When comparing rats in the sham group (T9 laminectomy without SCI) with rats in the SCI group, we found a persistent decline in BBB scores, together with necrosis and mononuclear cell accumulation at the contusion site. Moreover, during 2 weeks after SCI both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of BMP4 displayed notable elevation, and a positive correlation. Importantly, percentages of circulating BMP4-positive (BMP4+) monocytes and infiltrating MDMs were higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Finally, in the SCI+clodronate liposome group, depletion of monocytes effectively attenuated the accumulation of both BMP4+ MDMs and BMP4 in the injured spinal cord. Our results indicated that, following SCI, infiltrating MDMs provide an important source of BMP4 in the injured spinal cord and, therefore, might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
In silico and in vitro analysis of THCA synthase gene in Moroccan Cannabis sativa, L
Authors: Badrana Fadwa , El Fahime El Mostafa , Mokhtari Abdelrhani , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Safini Najete , Chaouni Bouchra , Malka Gabriel , El Amri Hamid 
Published: December 2022

Background: Cannabis ( Cannabis sativa, L.) is an archaic, most infamous plant with unique therapeutic characteristics, and great economic interest. The identification of its THCAS synthesizing enzyme was a great leap forward in Cannabis investigation. However, basic molecular biology for THCAS gene expression remains largely unstudied. In this paper, we explored the ability of bioinformatics resources in the design of molecular cloning protocol and prediction of three-dimensional structure of recombinant THCAS in Moroccan Cannabis sativa variety. Methods: We described conventional experiments performed in vitro. We used specific primers to isolate the nucleotide sequence of THCAS from the leaves of Cannabis, without including the native signal sequence.we prepared the gene by amors containing specific adapters to integrate the gene into the expression vector PpinkαHC, transforming E.coli bacteria, in order to express the gene in Pichia pasteri yeast. Results: As a result, we found high sequence similarity with THCAS and the mRNA precursor of the same gene as previously reported. In addition, we predicted the structure of the recombinant THCAS using the organic crystal structure prediction method, the amino acid sequence reference, and the artificial intelligence technology. Conclusions: In this study, we have successfuly cloned recombinant THCAS enzyme in E.Coli for further expression in host Pichia pastori.
Factors affecting HBV DNA suppression in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Lindarto Dharma , Siregar Jelita , Widyawati Tri , Rusda Muhammad , Amin Mustafa Mahmud , Yusuf Fauzi , Eyanoer Putri Chairani , Lubis Masrul , Rey Imelda 
Published: December 2022

Background: This study aims to determine the factors affecting HBV DNA suppression in chronic hepatitis B patients with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Methods: A case-control was carried out from October 2021 to August 2022 on 182 chronic hepatitis B patients who had TDF therapy regularly for 24 weeks at H. Adam Malik and USU Hospitals in Medan, Indonesia. The history of the samples was obtained, followed by physical examination, and blood collection. CTLA-4 polymorphism examination was carried out using real-time PCR, while the serum CTLA-4 levels were assessed with ELISA. Results: The results showed that CTLA-4, HBV DNA, ALT, and CTLA-4 -1661G>A polymorphisms have a relationship with HBV DNA suppression in chronic hepatitis B patients with TDF. Conclusions: The levels of CTLA-4, HBV DNA, ALT, and CTLA-4 -1661G>A polymorphism have a potential relationship with the suppression of HBV DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients with TDF.
Serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein levels in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis: A promising biomarker
Authors: Siregar Rizqi Arini , Wibowo Suryo Anggoro Kusumo , . Sumariyono , Rizka Aulia , Hidayat Rudy , Shatri Hamzah , Koesnoe Sukamto , Irawan Cosphiadi 
Published: December 2022

Background: In the early stages of the disease, some of the signs and symptoms of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may resemble that of spondyloarthritis (SpA). An examination that can help distinguish RA and SpA is warranted. One such examination is the measurement of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) levels. This study aimed to measure serum LRG levels in RA and SpA patients and determine the role of LRG in the diagnosis of RA and SpA. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of 26 RA subjects and 26 SpA subjects. The SpA subjects were further grouped into ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and peripheral SpA. Measurement of serum LRG levels were conducted using ELISA. Difference between LRG levels of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: LRG levels were elevated in 76.9% and 84.6% of subjects with RA and SpA, respectively. The median LRG levels were higher in RA subjects (77.03 (27.16–107.73)) than SpA (68.67 (33.15–115.18)). There was no significant difference in LRG levels in RA and SpA subjects (p = .442). The RA and PsA group were predominated by diseases of moderate activity, 88.5% and 58.3%, respectively. In comparison, AS was dominated by high disease activity (85.7%). The highest median LRG levels in AR and SpA subjects were in new-onset patients (82.21 vs. 72.25 µg/dL). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in LRG levels between RA and SpA subjects. The role of LRG in the diagnosis of RA and SpA remains to be determined in future studies.
Targeted amplicon deep sequencing of ama1 and mdr1 to track within-host P. falciparum diversity throughout treatment in a clinical drug trial
Authors: Wamae Kevin , Ndwiga Leonard , Kharabora Oksana , Kimenyi Kelvin , Osoti Victor , de Laurent Zaydah , Wambua Juliana , Musyoki Jennifer , Ngetsa Caroline , Kalume Peter , Mwambingu Gabriel , Hamaluba Mainga , van der Pluijm Rob , Dondorp Arjen M. , Bailey Jeffrey , Juliano Jonathan , Bejon Philip , Ochola-Oyier Lynette 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Antimalarial therapeutic efficacy studies are routinely conducted in malaria-endemic countries to assess the effectiveness of antimalarial treatment strategies. Targeted amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) uniquely identifies and quantifies genetically distinct parasites within an infection. In this study, AmpSeq of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1), and multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1), were used to characterise the complexity of infection (COI) and drug-resistance genotypes, respectively. Methods: P. falciparum-positive samples were obtained from a triple artemisinin combination therapy clinical trial conducted in 30 children under 13 years of age between 2018 and 2019 in Kilifi, Kenya. Nine of the 30 participants presented with recurrent parasitemia from day 26 (624h) onwards. The ama1 and mdr1 genes were amplified and sequenced, while msp1, msp2 and glurp data were obtained from the original clinical study. Results: The COI was comparable between ama1 and msp1, msp2 and glurp; overall, ama1 detected more microhaplotypes. Based on ama1, a stable number of microhaplotypes were detected throughout treatment until day 3. Additionally, a recrudescent infection was identified with an ama1 microhaplotype initially observed at 30h and later in an unscheduled follow-up visit. Using the relative frequencies of ama1 microhaplotypes and parasitemia, we identified a fast (<1h) and slow (>5h) clearing microhaplotype. As expected, only two mdr1 microhaplotypes (NF and NY) were identified based on the combination of amino acid polymorphisms at codons 86 and 184. Conclusions: This study highlights AmpSeq as a tool for highly-resolution tracking of parasite microhaplotypes throughout treatment and can detect variation in microhaplotype clearance estimates. AmpSeq can also identify slow-clearing microhaplotypes, a potential early sign of selection during treatment. Consequently, AmpSeq has the capability of improving the discriminatory power to distinguish recrudescences from reinfections accurately.
A Theory of Liquidity in Private Equity
Authors: Maurin Vincent , Robinson David T. , Strömberg Per 
Published: December 2022

We develop a model of private equity capturing two fundamental features of this market: the fund structure and illiquidity. A fund structure with sequential capital calls arises as an optimal solution to fund managers’ (GPs) moral hazard problem but exposes investors (LPs) to illiquidity risk. Funds with more illiquidity-tolerant LPs realize higher returns, leading to different expected returns across both funds and LPs in equilibrium. GPs may inefficiently accelerate drawdowns to avoid default by LPs on capital commitments. With a secondary market for LP claims, differences in fund returns are attenuated but differences in LP returns remain. The model can rationalize several empirical findings on primary and secondary private equity markets. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance. Funding: V. Maurin thanks the Swedish House of Finance for financial support. P. Strömberg thanks the NASDAQ Nordic Foundation, Söderberg Professorship in Economics, and Swedish House of Finance for financial support. D. Robinson thanks the Bertil Danielsson Professorship and Erling Persson Professorship for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4612 .
Alma Portugueza – “célula mater” do Integralismo Lusitano
Authors: Xavier Rodrigo 
Published: December 2022

O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar em linhas gerais Alma Portugueza (1913), periódico que teve pequena repercussão no contexto de produção do que denominamos primeiro momento do Modernismo português, mas que foi decisivo por revelar um núcleo substantivo de certa intelectualidade portuguesa comprometida com o ideário monárquico e católico em plena florescência da primeira República. Considerado oficialmente pelos seus colaboradores um órgão do Integralismo Lusitano, a revista publicada em apenas dois números, pode ser considerada o primeiro suporte oficial para divulgação das ideias integralistas em Portugal, uma espécie de protótipo de outras publicações mais celebradas, divulgadas e investigadas no meio acadêmico: Nação Portugueza(1913-1938) e o diário A Monarquia (1917-1925).
Barriers and enablers to deprescribing in long-term care: A qualitative investigation into the opinions of healthcare professionals in Ireland
Authors: Heinrich Clara H. , McHugh Sheena , McCarthy Suzanne , Donovan Maria D. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The prevalence of polypharmacy increases with age, increasing the exposure of older adults to potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Deprescribing has been shown to reduce PIMs for older residents in long-term care; however, deprescribing is not universally implemented. This study aims to identify the barriers and enablers to deprescribing in Irish long-term care facilities from the healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perspective.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with HCPs working in long-term care (general practitioners, pharmacists and nurses). Purposive sampling with maximum variation was applied to select long-term care sites to identify HCPs, supplemented with convenience sampling of post-graduate HCPs from University College Cork. Data was thematically analysed and mapped to a framework of deprescribing barriers and enablers informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results
Twenty-six HCPs participated from 13 long-term care facilities. The main barriers and enablers identified mapped to five domains. Barriers included insufficient resources, lack of co-ordination between healthcare settings and negative social influences. Additional barriers exist in private settings including deprescribing awareness, commitment and the need for incentives. Deprescribing enablers included interprofessional support and patient social influence. To encourage deprescribing, potential enablers include HCP education, pharmacist role expansion and tailored deprescribing guidelines within a structured process.

Conclusion
Interventions to support deprescribing should build on existing systems, involve stakeholders and utilise guidelines within a structured process. Any intervention must account for the nuanced barriers and enablers which exist in both public and private settings.
Utility of adding Radiomics to clinical features in predicting the outcomes of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer using machine learning
Authors: Gangil Tarun , Sharan Krishna , Rao B. Dinesh , Palanisamy Krishnamoorthy , Chakrabarti Biswaroop , Kadavigere Rajagopal 
Published: December 2022

Background
Radiomics involves the extraction of quantitative information from annotated Computed-Tomography (CT) images, and has been used to predict outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Subjecting combined Radiomics and Clinical features to Machine Learning (ML) could offer better predictions of clinical outcomes. This study is a comparative performance analysis of ML models with Clinical, Radiomics, and Clinico-Radiomic datasets for predicting four outcomes of HNSCC treated with Curative Radiation Therapy (RT): Distant Metastases, Locoregional Recurrence, New Primary, and Residual Disease.

Methodology
The study used retrospective data of 311 HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy between 2013–2018 at our centre. Binary prediction models were developed for the four outcomes with Clinical-only, Clinico-Radiomic, and Radiomics-only datasets, using three different ML classification algorithms namely, Random Forest (RF), Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM), and XGBoost. The best-performing ML algorithms of the three dataset groups was then compared.

Results
The Clinico-Radiomic dataset using KSVM classifier provided the best prediction. Predicted mean testing accuracy for Distant Metastases, Locoregional Recurrence, New Primary, and Residual Disease was 97%, 72%, 99%, and 96%, respectively. The mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was calculated and displayed for all the models using three dataset groups.

Conclusion
Clinico-Radiomic dataset improved the predictive ability of ML models over clinical features alone, while models built using Radiomics performed poorly. Radiomics data could therefore effectively supplement clinical data in predicting outcomes.
Prevention of 90-day inpatient detoxification readmission for opioid use disorder by a community-based life-changing individualized medically assisted evidence-based treatment (C.L.I.M.B.) program: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Luo Zhehui , Roychoudhury Canopy , Pompos William S. , DiMaria James , Robinette Cynthia M. , Gore Purva H. , Roychoudhury Rohon , Beecroft William 
Published: December 2022

Background
Evidence for community-based strategies to reduce inpatient detoxification readmission for opioid use disorder (OUD) is scant. A pilot program was designed to provide individualized structured treatment plans, including addressing prolonged withdrawal symptoms, family/systems assessment, and contingency management, to reduce readmission after the index inpatient detoxification.

Methods
A non-randomized quasi-experimental design was used to compare the pilot facilities (treatment) and comparison facilities before and after the program started, i.e., a simple difference-in-differences (DID) strategy. Adults 18 years and older who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 criteria for OUD and had an inpatient detoxification admission at any OUD treatment facility in two study periods between 7/2016 and 3/2020 were included. Readmission for inpatient detoxification in 90-days after the index stay was the primary outcome, and partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient care, outpatient services, and medications for OUD were the secondary outcomes. Six statistical estimation methods were used to triangulate evidence and adjust for potential confounding factors between treatment and comparison groups.

Results
A total of 2,320 unique patients in the pilot and comparison facilities with 2,443 index inpatient detoxification admissions in the pre- and post-periods were included. Compared with patients in comparison facilities, patients in the C.L.I.M.B. facilities had higher readmission in the pre-period (unadjusted readmission 17.0% vs. 10.6%), but similar rates in the post-period (12.3% vs. 10.6%) after the implementation of the pilot program. For 90-day readmission, all DID estimates were not statistically significant (adjusted estimates ranged from 6 to 9 percentage points difference favoring the C.L.I.M.B. program). There was no significant improvement in the secondary outcomes of utilizations in lower level of care and medications for OUD in C.L.I.M.B. facilities.

Conclusions
We found a reduction in readmission in the pilot facilities between the two periods, but the results were not statistically significant compared with the comparison facilities and the utilization of lower level of care services remained low. Even though providers in the pilot OUD treatment facilities actively worked with health plans to standardize care for patients with OUD, more strategies are needed to improve treatment engagement and retention after an inpatient detoxification.