bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet FcγRIIa Expression in Ischemic Stroke: A Marker of Increased Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Schneider David J. , Honda Tristan , Feldmann Edward , de Havenon Adam , Romano Jose G. , Nogueira Raul G. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Mishra Nishant K. , Beaman Charles B. , Hinman Jason , Commichau Christopher S. , Callas Peter , Kaneko Naoki , Morales Jose M. , Patel Smit D. , Sharma Latisha K. , Kim Song Julia , Taatjes‐Sommer Heidi S. , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Platelet FcγRIIa amplifies platelet activation and, thus, increased expression identifies patients with increased platelet reactivity. Previous work has demonstrated that platelet FcγRIIa can identify patients at high and low risk of subsequent cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was designed to compare platelet expression of FcγRIIa in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) with that in patients with a recent MI.

Methods
Patients were enrolled based on an admitting diagnosis of stroke/TIA, and the discharge diagnosis was used to categorize patients into stroke/TIA (n=99) and other causes of neurologic dysfunction (hemorrhagic, trauma, toxic, and seizure; n=14). Patients with stroke/TIA were divided into embolic (both cardioembolic and thromboembolic; n=32) and not embolic causes (n=67). Results were compared with platelet FcγRIIa expression in patients with recent MI from a previous study (n=197). Platelet expression of FcγRIIa (molecules of FcγRIIa/platelet) was quantified with the use of flow cytometry. Results are mean±SD.

Results

Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was similar in patients with ischemic (both embolic and nonembolic) stroke/TIA (11 332±4127), embolic (11 204±3889) and nonembolic (11 393±4263) causes, and MI (11 479±2405). Patients with other causes of neurologic dysfunction had modestly but not significantly lower platelet expression of FcγRIIa (9389±2883;
P
=0.13).

Conclusions
Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was similar in patients with stroke/TIA and recent MI. These results support future studies designed to determine whether platelet FcγRIIa expression can discriminate risk of subsequent stroke/TIA and its potential use as a precision tool capable of guiding individualized treatment decisions.
Legal Reflections on the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Building a Global Safety Net for Small-Scale Fisheries
Authors: Nakamura Julia N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, endorsed by the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2014, heightened the recognition and protection of small-scale fisheries globally. The guidelines are voluntary and non-binding, but does this mean they have no normative significance or legal force? Based on international legal theories of soft law, this article explores the legal status of the guidelines and argues that the guidelines have normative significance and legal force for three main reasons: (i) the legitimate process of development and adoption of the guidelines; (ii) the normative content of the provisions; and (iii) their law-making effects at various levels of governance. The guidelines contribute to building a global safety net for small-scale fisheries, which should continue to improve and expand thus securing the sector’s sustainability worldwide.
The Pact on Migration and Asylum: Turning the European Territory into a Non-territory?
Authors: Cassarino Jean-Pierre , Marin Luisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Can a part of the territory of the European Union be turned into a “non-territory” where the fundamental rights of the migrants and asylum seekers to appeal and to remain in their destination country while their applications are examined, and the right for an individual assessment in line with international standards, are as it were contracted, owing to the very attributes of this “non-territory”?
This article argues that the Pact on Migration and Asylum, in particular with the pre-entry screening and the new border procedures, subtly develops and consolidates policies and rules aimed at “deterritorializing” the territory of the EU while reinforcing its practices of externalization. Moreover, this unprecedented deterritorialization-externalization combination, in order to produce tangible policy results, presupposes the cooperation of third countries on expulsion and readmission, as well as more solidarity among the Member States. Having critically examined these two dimensions, the authors conclude that the new measures contained in the Pact might be conducive to the enhanced precarization of the legal positions of migrants and asylum seekers and to potential tensions with strategic third countries.
Ebbs and Flows of EU Migration Law and Governance: A Critical Assessment of the Evolution of Migration Legislation and Policy in Europe
Authors: Frasca Eleonora , Gatta Francesco Luigi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This Article summarises the complex ebbs and flows of EU migration law and policy. It is the result of an interdisciplinary research project called GLOBMIG, which includes a legal inventory that can be used by any reader or researcher. In the Article, we focus on the main outcomes observable from the inventory by taking several examples from EU legislation and case law that try to capture the evolution of migration law and governance in Europe during the last four decades. Key issues and their underlying dynamics are explored under three major trends: 1) State sovereignty vs migrants’ individual rights; 2) traditional law-making vs informal pragmatic governance; 3) unilateral vs multilateral migration governance. Each trend confirms the tension, but also the positive interaction, between competing interests as well as period of fluctuations between them. Two earmarks of EU migration law are taken into account: the internal and external dimension layout of migration and asylum law and the relationship between free movement of EU citizens and third country national immigration.
Work-Based Pathways to Refugee Protection under EU Law: Pie in the Sky?
Authors: Vankova Zvezda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the contested policy idea of utilising labour migration as a complementary pathway for refugees in the EU. Advocates view this as a “triple win” solution that empowers refugees, boosts economies, and supports post-conflict reconstruction. Yet, it re-mains unclear to what extent the EU labour migration acquis provides an adequate basis for such a novel approach. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment by combining an analysis of EU law with empirical data from interviews with international, EU and national stakeholders, such as public officials, employers and NGO s. It argues that such an approach requires amongst others, Member States’ readiness to make existing admission procedures more accessible for refugees, incentives for employers, and willingness of potential candidates for complementary pathways to accept initial limitations of some of the rights they would otherwise enjoy as refugees. The article concludes that despite the policy potential of work-based channels to create access to the EU for people in need of protection, at best a select group of highly-skilled refugees will be able to make use of the EU labour migration acquis in their ‘journey to a durable solution’.
Non-economic Migrants as Workers: Securing the Right to Work for Asylum Applicants in the EU
Authors: Cunniffe Emily 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The figure of the asylum applicant worker sits uncomfortably in the oppositional framing of refugees and economic migrants. Yet, the recast Reception Conditions Directive 2013/33/EU provides a right to work for asylum applicants. Through case studies of Ireland and Sweden, this article examines the implementation of the right to work and describes an assemblage of de lege and de facto barriers that restrict access to the right to work in both Member States. Three legal avenues in EU law are explored to assess their potentiality to better secure this right. While the principle of effectiveness and fundamental rights prove useful, non-discrimination law remains limited in protecting the specific socio-legal status of asylum applicant workers. This article contributes to scholarship on the intersection of migration and labour law and the location of the asylum applicant worker within that intersection.
South Africa’s Response to COVID-19: Realities and Challenges of the Vaccination Roll-Out Process
Authors: Phetha Hlengiwe , Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper provides a critical analysis of the South African government’s economic response to the COVID-19 crisis and the current roll-out of vaccinations in South Africa. In preparation for the vaccination roll-out, South Africa set up national strategic committees to facilitate the smooth distribution of the vaccination process. However, despite being one of the first African countries to receive the vaccines, the effective roll-out is still ranked low. The paper used qualitative descriptive analysis to discuss the strategies promoting community understanding and limiting vaccination misinformation. The findings project that the government must deliver an effective and protected vaccine to reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. However, the mere accessibility of a vaccine is not enough to secure extensive immunological security; the immunisation must be accepted by all stakeholders and the public in the country. Vaccine uncertainty is a primary impediment to vaccine acceptance and the achievement of people’s immunity, which is mandatory to protect the marginalised populations in the country. The paper concludes that various strategic efforts made by the South Africa government to deal with the disease and the roll-out of vaccination in responding to COVID-19 remains a significant challenge. It then recommends that there should be a coordinated approach by both government and stakeholders to ensure effective distribution and reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the country.
Blocking and General Circulation in GFDL Comprehensive Climate Models
Authors: Narinesingh Veeshan , Booth James F. , Ming Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study examines the climatology and dynamics of atmospheric blocking, and the general circulation features that influence blocks in GFDL’s atmosphere-only (AM4) and coupled atmosphere–ocean (CM4) comprehensive models. We compare AM4 and CM4 with reanalysis, focusing on winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Both models generate the correct blocking climatology and planetary-scale signatures of the stationary wave. However, at regional scales some biases exist. In the eastern Pacific and over western North America, both models generate excessive blocking frequency and too strong of a stationary wave. In the Atlantic, the models generate too little blocking and a weakened stationary wave. A block-centered compositing analysis of block-onset dynamics reveals that the models 1) produce realistic patterns of high-frequency (1–6-day) eddy forcing and 2) capture the notable differences in the 500-hPa geopotential height field between Pacific and Atlantic blocking. However, the models fail to reproduce stronger wave activity flux convergence in the Atlantic compared to the Pacific. Overall, biases in the blocking climatology in terms of location, frequency, duration, and area are quite similar between AM4 and CM4 despite the models having large differences in sea surface temperatures and climatological zonal circulation. This could suggest that other factors could be more dominant in generating blocking biases for these GCMs.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric blocks are persistent high pressure systems that can lead to hazardous weather. Historically, climate models have had trouble capturing blocks, but recent changes in the models might lead to improvements. As such, the work herein investigates the spatial distribution, prevalence, duration, size, and dynamics of wintertime blocking in recent NOAA climate models. Overall, these models capture the long-term-average spatial pattern of blocking, and properly reproduce key dynamical features. However, the models produce too much blocking in the western United States, and too little over the northern Atlantic Ocean and Europe. These blocking biases are consistent with atmospheric stationary waves biases, but not jet stream bias. This downplays the role of jet biases in the models being responsible for blocking biases.
Freshwater Input and Vertical Mixing in the Canada Basin’s Seasonal Halocline: 1975 versus 2006–12
Authors: Rosenblum Erica , Stroeve Julienne , Gille Sarah T. , Lique Camille , Fajber Robert , Tremblay L. Bruno , Galley Ryan , Loureiro Thiago , Barber David G. , Lukovich Jennifer V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Arctic seasonal halocline impacts the exchange of heat, energy, and nutrients between the surface and the deeper ocean, and it is changing in response to Arctic sea ice melt over the past several decades. Here, we assess seasonal halocline formation in 1975 and 2006–12 by comparing daily, May–September, salinity profiles collected in the Canada Basin under sea ice. We evaluate differences between the two time periods using a one-dimensional (1D) bulk model to quantify differences in freshwater input and vertical mixing. The 1D metrics indicate that two separate factors contribute similarly to stronger stratification in 2006–12 relative to 1975: 1) larger surface freshwater input and 2) less vertical mixing of that freshwater. The larger freshwater input is mainly important in August–September, consistent with a longer melt season in recent years. The reduced vertical mixing is mainly important from June until mid-August, when similar levels of freshwater input in 1975 and 2006–12 are mixed over a different depth range, resulting in different stratification. These results imply that decadal changes to ice–ocean dynamics, in addition to freshwater input, significantly contribute to the stronger seasonal stratification in 2006–12 relative to 1975. These findings highlight the need for near-surface process studies to elucidate the impact of lateral processes and ice–ocean momentum exchange on vertical mixing. Moreover, the results may provide insight for improving the representation of decadal changes to Arctic upper-ocean stratification in climate models that do not capture decadal changes to vertical mixing.
The Asymmetric Relationship between Corruption, Political Stability and Economic Growth: New Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Kesar Ashmita , Kamaiah B. , Jena Pabitra Kumar , Yadav Miklesh Prasad 
Published: March 2022

There are studies available that study the influence of corruption on economic growth, but no existing literature studies the asymmetric relationship in context to BRICS countries. In this study, we try to fill the gap in the literature by studying the symmetric and asymmetric association between corruption, political stability and economic growth in BRICS economies where gross fixed capital formation and final consumption expenditure are considered additional variables. Further, we employ panel non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model from 1996–2018. In the long run, the non-linear estimation results confirm an asymmetric relationship while all variables show the asymmetric relationship in the short run. Additionally, the study has employed Dumitrescu– Hurlin (2012) test to find the direction of causality among the variables. The test confirms the causality in particular variables taking economic growth as dependent variable and the decomposed explanatory variables. The article’s findings provide new insight into the relationship between corruption, political stability and economic growth. JEL Codes: D73, F35
Neoliberalism and the Impact of Student Demonstrations in Chile: Pushing the Bounds of the Post-Pinochet Education Project?
Authors: Torres Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

The free-market educational model implemented in Chile after Pinochet involved steady privatization and the resulting inequality and discrimination in access to university education. This educational neoliberalism was hotly contested by massive student demonstrations. In Bachelet’s second government (2014–2018), the political impact and ramifications of the 2011 student movement initiated a series of educational and political changes, among them free university education, tax reform focused on improvements in income distribution, and the end of the binominal system of congressional elections. At the same time, many of the principles of market education continued. Since the effects of free-market education became a social and political problem, the students’ demands went beyond the limits of the educational sector itself to become a central part of debate on the structural inequalities produced by the post-Pinochet neoliberal model, a conflict that exploded in Chile in October 2019. El modelo educativo de libre mercado implementado en Chile después de Pinochet implicó una constante privatización y la consiguiente desigualdad y discriminación en el acceso a la educación universitaria. Este neoliberalismo educativo fue fuertemente contestado por masivas manifestaciones estudiantiles. En el segundo gobierno de Bachelet (2014–2018), el impacto político y las ramificaciones del movimiento estudiantil de 2011 dieron pie a una serie de cambios educativos y políticos, entre ellos la educación universitaria gratuita, una reforma tributaria enfocada en mejorar la distribución del ingreso y el fin del sistema binominal de elecciones parlamentarias. Al mismo tiempo, se mantuvieron muchos de los principios de la educación de mercado. Desde que los efectos de la educación de libre mercado se convirtieron en un problema social y político, las demandas de los estudiantes han rebasado los límites del propio sector educativo para convertirse en una parte central del debate sobre las desigualdades estructurales producidas por el modelo neoliberal post-Pinochet, un conflicto que estalló en Chile en octubre de 2019.
Do learners implement what they learn? Commitment-to-change following an interprofessional palliative care course
Authors: Pereira José , Meadows Lynn , Kljujic Dragan , Strudsholm Tina 
Published: March 2022

Background: Palliative care educators should incorporate strategies that enhance application into practice by learners. Commitment-to-change is an approach to reinforce learning and encourage application into practice; immediately post-course learners commit to making changes in their practices as a result of participating in the course (“statements”) and then several weeks or months later are prompted to reflect on their commitments (“reflections”). Aim: Explore if and how learners implemented into practice what they learned in a palliative care course, using commitment-to-change reflections. Design: Secondary analysis of post-course commitment statements and 4-months post-course commitment reflections submitted online by learners who participated in Pallium Canada’s interprofessional, 2-day, Learning Essential Approaches to Palliative Care (LEAP) Core courses. Setting/participants: Primary care providers from across Canada and different profession who attended LEAP Core courses from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2017. Results: About 1063 of 4636 learners (22.9%) who participated in the 244 courses delivered during the study period submitted a total of 4250 reflections 4 months post-course. Of these commitments, 3081 (72.5%) were implemented. The most common implemented commitments related to initiating palliative care early across diseases, pain and symptom management, use of clinical instruments, advance care planning, and interprofessional collaboration. Impact extended to patients, services, and colleagues. Barriers to implementation into practice included lack of time, and system-level factors such as lack of support by managers and untrained colleagues. Conclusions: Examples of benefits to patients, families, services, colleagues, and themselves were described as a result of participating in the courses.
Symptom burden and lived experiences of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals on the management of malignant bowel obstruction: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Baddeley Elin , Mann Mala , Bravington Alison , Johnson Miriam J , Currow David , Murtagh Fliss E M , Boland Elaine G , Obita George , Oliver Alfred , Seddon Kathy , Nelson Annmarie , Boland Jason W , Noble Simon I R 
Published: March 2022

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction occurs in up to 50% of people with advanced ovarian and 15% of people with gastrointestinal cancers. Evaluation and comparison of interventions to manage symptoms are hampered by inconsistent evaluations of efficacy and lack of agreed core outcomes. The patient perspective is rarely incorporated. Aim: To synthesise the qualitative data regarding patient, caregiver and healthcare professionals’ views and experience of malignant bowel obstruction to inform the development of a core outcome set for the evaluation of malignant bowel obstruction. Design: A qualitative systematic review was conducted, with narrative synthesis. The review protocol was registered prospectively ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero , CRD42020176393). Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. Reference lists were screened for further relevant publications, and citation tracking was performed. Results: Nine papers were included, reporting on seven studies which described the views and experiences of malignant bowel obstruction through the perspectives of 75 patients, 13 caregivers and 62 healthcare professionals. Themes across the papers included symptom burden, diverse experiences of interventions, impact on patient quality of life, implications and trajectory of malignant bowel obstruction, mixed experience of communication and the importance of realistic goals of care. Conclusion: Some of the most devastating sequelae of malignant bowel obstruction, such as pain and psychological distress, are not included routinely in its clinical or research evaluation. These data will contribute to a wider body of work to ensure the patient and caregiver perspective is recognised in the development of a core outcome set.
The efficacy of non-fasting ketogenic diet protocol in the management of intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients: a single center study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alameen Ali Hayat , Muthaffar Osama , AlKarim Nahla , Kayyali Husam , Elmardenly Ahmed , Tamim Abdullah , Alansari Hala 
Published: March 2022

Objective To review the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients on a ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment option for individuals with intractable epilepsy, in a tertiary epilepsy center. Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients diagnosed with intractable epilepsy who had experienced no benefits from at least two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications. All patients were hospitalized, started a KD without fasting, and were observed for complications and tolerance. The etiology of epilepsy, side effects, and KD efficacy on seizure outcomes were also examined. Results Of 16 children included in the study, nine (56%) experienced significant seizure improvement, with three becoming seizure-free during the KD. Ten patients were fed orally, and six were fed through gastrostomy feeding tubes. Most were on a 3:1 ratio, and nine reached ketosis within the first three days of KD initiation. Initial recurrent hypoglycemia was documented in four patients, and four experienced vomiting and acidosis. Most families complied with the diet, and all of the children gained weight during the study period. Conclusion Ketogenic diets are an established and effective treatment for childhood epilepsy, with reversible mild adverse effects. A non-fasting KD protocol is a safe and effective option for children with intractable epilepsy.