bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Relatives Crisis and the Life Expectancy Gap for Native Americans, 2010–2019
Authors: Yellow Horse Aggie J. , Acciai Francesco , Huyser Kimberly R. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
We assessed the role of missing and murdered indigenous relatives (MMIR) relevant causes of death in the life expectancy gap between the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) and non-Hispanic White populations.

Methods:
Using 2010–2019 National Center for Health Statistics Detailed Mortality files, we created multidecrement life tables and used the age–incidence decomposition method to identify (1) the causes of death that contribute to the gap in life expectancy between White and AIAN, and (2) the mechanisms through which these causes operate.

Results:
Causes of death relevant to MMIR constituted 4.0% of all AIAN deaths, but accounted for almost one-tenth (9.6%; 0.74 of 8.21 years) of the overall AIAN–White life expectancy gap. MMIR-relevant causes accounted for 6.6% of the AIAN–White life expectancy gap for women and 11.9% of the for men.

Conclusions:
This study suggests a critical agenda for research on racial inequities in mortality, with a focus on MMIR.
Analysis on the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tan Xiaoyu , Yang Qingqing , Cai Xianming , Tao Yiming , Gao Suyu , He Lixia , Zhao Yubin , Zhan Siyan , Cheng Hong , Song Haibo , Sun Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To describe patterns of utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
Adult patients with COVID-19 who received TCM treatment were divided into a non-serious group (mild and moderate types) and a serious group (severe and critical types) according to their admission conditions. The medical records and prescriptions of these patients were investigated to determine their TCM utilization patterns.

Results:
In all, 3,872 COVID-19 patients were included. Oral Chinese traditional patent medicine (CPM) was the most commonly used type of TCM, followed by decoction. The proportion of multi-drug combinations was higher than single drug use (55.0% vs. 45.0%). Decoction combined with oral CPM was the most common combination (39.1%, 1,514/3,872). Orally administered, injected, and externally applied CPM were significantly more common in the serious group than in the non-serious, while decoction and non-drug TCM treatments were more common in the non-serious than in the serious group. Multi-drug combinations were used for the majority of patients in both groups, mainly in the form of decoctions combined with oral CPM. Among the serious patients, injected CPM was more often used in patients who died during treatment (35.0%, 36/103). The two most common medication patterns were decoction combined with oral CPM and oral CPM alone in the two finally discharged groups. Oral CPM alone or used in combination with injected CPM were seen most commonly in the death group. Significant differences were established in TCM utilization and medication patterns among patients in three groups who had different prognoses and outcomes.

Conclusions:
The treatment measures and medication patterns of TCM commonly used in COVID-19 patients with the range of conditions found in this study should be further explored in the future to provide a more complete reference for COVID-19 treatment.
Microbial Keratitis in Patients With Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Experience From a Tertiary Centre in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Ying , Adiyabazar Doyodmaa , Hsiao Ching-Hsi , Pan Li-Yen , Chen Shin-Yi , Tsai Yueh-Ju , Chen Chun-Bing , Chung Wen-Hung , Ma David Hui-Kang 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features, causative microorganisms, antibiotic susceptibility, and treatment outcomes in culture-proven microbial keratitis (MK) in patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and to analyze the potential risk factors.

Methods:
We reviewed the medical records of all patients with SJS/TEN who attended our department between 2009 and 2018. Patients with a diagnosis of MK who underwent corneal cultures were enrolled. Demographics; clinical characteristics including ocular findings, treatment, time between onset of SJS/TEN and keratitis; changes in visual acuity; culture results; and antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed. Culture results from prior conjunctival swabs and keratitis were also compared.

Results:
Sixteen eyes from 12 patients (mean age 40.1 ± 27.7 years) with MK were identified. These patients had the most severe ocular involvement in the acute stage and had more severe ocular complications (SOCs) in the chronic stage compared with patients with SJS/TEN without MK. There were 26 infection episodes during 4.4 ± 6.9 (1.0–25.8) years of follow-up. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs accounted for half of the causative drugs. Severe dry eye was the most common predisposing factor, followed by topical steroid use, trichiasis, and lid margin keratinization. Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen, and over half of the gram-positive bacteria were resistant to oxacillin/methicillin. Fungal infections (notably Candida) accounted for nearly one-third of the causative microorganisms. Culture reports from periodic conjunctival swabs were not consistent with those from corneal scrapings. Recurrence of infection was associated with inferior visual outcome.

Conclusions:
Patients with SJS/TEN with SOCs are subject to recurrent corneal infections, which are responsible for deterioration of vision. Identifying the risk factors and aggressive treatment as early as possible is pivotal for infection control.
The influence of foreign textile bodies from military clothes on the healing process of experimental injuries of soft tissues
Authors: Mikhaylusov Rostislav , Negoduyko Vladimir , Pavlov Sergey , Litvinova Olga , Babenko Nataliia , Kumetchko Marina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
The healing of combat wounds can be complicated by the presence of foreign bodies, including fragments of military clothing. The present work aims to study the morphological features of soft tissue injuries with textile fibers implanted into wounds, personnel military forms during wound healing, in the experiment.

Methods:
By randomization, 54 rats were divided into 3 groups. Control group animals performed a layer-by-layer incision of soft tissues without implantation of foreign bodies. Animals of the experimental group 1 were made implantation of fibers of a fabric consisting of 100% cotton, and of the experimental group 2–of fibers of a fabric consisting of 65% cotton and 35% polyester. Removal of laboratory animals from the experiment was carried out on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day. Soft tissue samples were histologically examined.

Results:
The least pronounced inflammation was observed in rats of the control group. Wound healing in the experimental groups was slowed down due to the presence of inflammatory foci. A more pronounced inflammatory reaction was characterized by a group of animals with implanted tissue fibers consisting of 100% cotton. In the group with implanted tissue fibers consisting of 65% cotton and 35% polyester, the inflammatory reactions were less pronounced.

Conclusions:
The presence of textile foreign bodies hampers the healing process of wounds of soft tissues due to the developing processes of inflammation around foreign bodies. The uniform of servicemen (35% synthetic and 65% natural fiber) is less reactive, leaving a wound as a textile foreign body, and has a less pronounced inflammatory effect, apparently due to the presence of synthetic threads that are more inert compared to fabric containing 100% natural fiber. This confirms the need for thorough debridement of combat wounds during the primary surgical treatment.
Nonemergent craniotomy surgical site infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Barbosa , Pereira Raquel Duro , Vaz Rui , Carvalho Bruno , Pereira Nuno Rocha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
The incidence of surgical site infection after craniotomy (SSI-CRAN) varies widely and is associated with major consequences. The aim of this study is to estimate the SSI-CRAN rate at the neurosurgery department of a tertiary center and to establish its risk factors.

Methods:
All consecutive adult patients who underwent elective craniotomy for tumor resection at a tertiary center from January 2018 to October 2019 were retrospectively assessed. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected. The main outcome of our study was the development of SSI within 30days postsurgery, as defined by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish risk factors for SSI-CRAN.

Results:
From the 271 patients enrolled in this study, 15 (5.5%) developed SSI-CRAN within 30days postsurgery, 11 (73.3%) of which were organ-space. The most common causative microorganisms isolated were gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 4, 66.7%). In the univariate analysis, absence of normothermia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were associated with SSI-CRAN. In the multivariate analysis, normothermia was the only protective factor and CSF leak was the only independent risk factor for SSI-CRAN.

Conclusion:
The cumulative incidence of SSI-CRAN within 30days postsurgery was 5.5%. CSF leak and the absence of normothermia were the only independent risk factors for SSI-CRAN. The data provided in this study should be considered in the design of preventive strategies aimed to reduce the incidence of SSI.
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) correlates with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum of elite swimmers
Authors: Paciência Inês , Rocha Ana Rita , Farraia Mariana , Sokhatska Oksana , Delgado Luís , Couto Mariana , Moreira Andre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Swimming practice has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in induced sputum may be used as a potential biomarker to assess airway eosinophilic inflammation among elite swimmers. The objective of this study is to characterize ECP levels in sputum supernatant in elite swimmers and evaluate ECP as an eosinophilic inflammatory marker.

Material and methods:
Elite swimmers annually screened in our department (n = 27) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Swimmers who agreed to participate (n = 24, 46% girls) performed lung function and skin-prick tests. Induced sputum was also collected and analyzed for differential cell counts and ECP measurements in sputum supernatant (ImmunoCAPTM 100, ECP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden).

Results:
The median ECP level was 15.60 μg/L (6.02–38.75 μg/L) and higher levels were found among boys (27.90 (11.20–46.30) μg/L vs 6.65 (2.82–22.80) μg/L, P
= .02). In addition, ECP levels in the sputum supernatant were positively correlated with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum (r = 0.583, P
= .08).

Conclusions:
ECP levels correlated positively with eosinophil counts in the induced sputum in elite swimmers. The measurement of ECP in sputum supernatant may be a useful marker to assess and manage eosinophilic inflammatory changes in the airways of elite swimmers.
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in myocardial infarction — impact of ST-segment elevation and of Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Barbosa João P. , Ferreira Luciana , Pinto Ricardo , Barbosa Emilia , Pereira Jorge G. , Nunes José P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is frequently used in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease, either stable or with the prior remote acute coronary syndrome. The goal of the present work was to evaluate changes in MPS according to the nature of the infarction (ST-elevation vs non-ST elevation status) as well as according to the presence or absence of Diabetes mellitus.
A prospective study of 124 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction (MI) was carried out using MPS.
Patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) had significantly larger values both for percentage and absolute areas of perfusion defects, both at rest and in a stress situation, when compared to patients without ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). These patients had significantly lower values for left ventricular ejection fractions (EF), in a similar comparison. The values for perfusion defects at rest for STEMI patients were more than double the values for NSTEMI patients (17.1 ± 14.6% vs 6.5 ± 7.8%, P
< .001). Concerning resting left ventricular EF, STEMI patients had a mean value of 47.6 ± 13.6% and NSTEMI patients had a mean value of 53.2 ± 12.4% (P.026).
Regarding the comparison between patients with and without Diabetes mellitus, none of the parameters under study showed significant differences.
Linear regression analysis, taking the percentage of perfusion defect, as the dependent variable, yielded an overall significant result, however, only ST-segment elevation was shown to have an individually significant result.
We conclude that the presence of ST-segment elevation but not the presence of Diabetes mellitus is associated with different patterns of MPS in patients with MI.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Adult Prostate: Two Cases With Molecular and Cytogenetic Analyses
Authors: Samarska Iryna V. , van den Hout Mari F. C. M. , Li Xiaofei , van Roermund Joep G. H. , Marcelissen Tom A. T. , Vanden Bempt Isabelle , Sciot Raf , Hausen Axel zur 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the adult prostate is a very rare tumor with only 45 cases published to date. The clinical course of RMS of the prostate is very aggressive, and prognosis is very poor. Here we describe two cases of primary RMS of the prostate of adult patients and discuss the differential diagnosis of RMS with other mesenchymal tumors of prostate. The first patient was a 50-year-old man who clinically presented with urinary retention and hematuria, low serum prostate-specific antigen, moderate prostatomegaly, and multiple metastases as shown by computed tomography. Histological examination revealed a diffuse “small round blue cell” proliferation with an intermingled population of larger cells with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation that showed immunoreactivity for desmin and MYF4 (myogenin). Molecular and cytogenetic studies did not reveal recurrent chromosomal translocations associated with RMSs and other sarcomas. The patient underwent doxorubicin (adriamycin) treatment without disease progression during the whole follow-up period of 7 months. The second patient was a 39-year-old man who presented with urinary retention, an increased serum prostate-specific antigen level, extensive prostatomegaly, enlarged abdominal and inguinal lymph nodes, and skeletal metastases. Histological examination revealed a tumoral proliferation with a small round blue aspect and diffuse immunoreactivity for desmin and MYF4 (myogenin). Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a FOXO1 translocation, consistent with a diagnosis of alveolar-type RMS. The patient followed a multimodal treatment and died of the disease after its progression.
Immunohistochemical Pitfalls in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Case Report and Review for the General Pathologist
Authors: Stashek Kristen M. , Fanaroff Rachel , Burke Allen P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy that often mimics carcinomatosis both clinically and histologically, making definitive diagnosis challenging for the general pathologist. Many of the common immunohistochemical stains used to narrow the differential diagnosis show a lack of specificity, requiring a panel approach to ensure correct categorization. We report a case of epithelioid malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with diffuse and strong Ber-EP4 positivity and review some of the most commonly encountered pitfalls associated with immunohistochemical staining.
Nivolumab-Induced Peritonitis With Mesothelial Hyperplasia Mimicking Metastatic Mesothelioma
Authors: Burke Allen , Legesse Teklu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 57-year-old man developed a mesothelial proliferation in the peritoneum, several months after he was diagnosed with biopsy-proven epithelioid mesothelioma of the pleura and having undergone several treatments with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The differential diagnosis was metastatic mesothelioma from the lung primary, versus a reactive process. A diagnosis of atypical mesothelial proliferation was made. Follow-up computed tomography showed no evidence of abdominal disease 5 months later. The complication of serositis following checkpoint inhibitor therapy is reviewed, as well as the differential diagnosis between reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and epithelioid mesothelioma.
Flow Cytometry: a Helpful Ancillary Tool in the Hematopathologist World But Can Be Misleading Without Morphology
Authors: Aqil Barina , Ramos Josean 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) is a powerful tool for characterizing hematopoietic cells and plays a critical role in the diagnosis and classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, its accuracy rate alone without morphology is questionable. It is imperative to always have clinical and morphologic correlation. Herein, we describe a case of nasal mass, which could have been misdiagnosed as a hematologic malignancy based on FC alone without morphologic examination.
Leukemic Presentation of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Challenge Mimicking T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Vadasz Brian , Wolniak Kristy , Sukhanova Madina , Chen Yi-Hua , Behdad Amir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare systemic T-cell neoplasm that typically involves nodal and extranodal sites and is further classified into 2 subgroups: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK-) positive (ALK+) and ALK-negative. Leukemic presentation of ALCL is extremely rare. Most cases with leukemic presentation are the small-cell variant of ALK+ ALCL, are positive for the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, and are associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of ALK+ ALCL that presented with a high white blood cell count and morphologic and phenotypic features resembling T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.
Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Injection Improves Depression Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Crowley Jiwon S. , Silverstein Max L. , Reghunathan Meera , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Preliminary evidence suggests that glabellar onabotulinumtoxinA injections improve depression scores with few side effects compared to current first-line antidepressant medications. The authors’ review reports on these studies, hypothesizing that glabellar onabotulinumtoxinA injections can be an alternative safe and effective treatment for depression.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant literature was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched in August of 2020 using the keywords [“botox” OR “botulinum”] AND [“mood” OR “depression”] for articles published between 1980 and 2020. Prospective studies and randomized controlled trials on the use of glabellar onabotulinumtoxinA injections for the primary purpose of treating depression were considered. The primary endpoint for the meta-analysis was the mean difference in primary depression scores after treatment, along with a second endpoint of the standardized mean difference in depression scores among treated patients including all nine studies.

Results:
Of the 499 reviewed articles, nine studies were included that reported improvement in mean depression scores from baseline. All five randomized controlled trials reported an improvement in mean depression scores at 6 weeks after treatment, with a weighted average change of −8.39 points (p < 0.0001). The aggregate standardized mean difference from baseline to the primary endpoint across all nine prospective studies was −1.61 SD (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Meta-analysis and systematic review of the included studies provide support for an antidepressant effect of glabellar onabotulinumtoxinA injections.
Awareness of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters Among Nurses, Physicians, and Students
Authors: Marsh Nicole , Ray-Barruel Gillian , Adzemovic Tessa , Larsen Emily N. , Rickard Claire M. , Pelecanos Anita , Hadikusumo Stephanie , Chopra Vineet 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are frequently used to meet patients’ short-term health care needs. However, many PIVCs are not promptly removed at the completion of treatment, placing patients at risk of avoidable harm from serious complications including local and systemic infection. This study aims to report the proportion and accuracy of health care staff/students awareness of the presence of their patient’s PIVC.

Methods
We asked staff/students to recall the presence or absence of a PIVC in a patient under their care, as well as details of the date of insertion and PIVC location. We recorded concordance of responses with direct observations. To achieve this, face-to-face interviews were conducted with clinical staff/students at 2 adult hospitals.

Results
Overall, 90% (n = 216) of staff responses (94% of nurses, 100% of nursing students, 76% of medical staff) correctly identified the presence/absence of a PIVC. Clinicians correctly identified the PIVC location 55% (n = 71) of the time.

Conclusions
Health care services must recognize the implications of this lack of awareness and implement and evaluate tailored quality improvement efforts to address this.
Unhealthy diet in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: van Zonneveld Sophie M. , Haarman Bartholomeus C.M. , van den Oever Ellen J. , Nuninga Jasper O. , Sommer Iris E.C. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
The high mortality and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is maintained by poor diet. This narrative review summarizes recent literature to provide a reflection of current eating habits, dietary preferences, and nutritional status of SSD patients. Elucidating these factors provides new insights for potential lifestyle treatment strategies for SSD.

Recent findings
Only 10.7% of the SSD patients had a healthy dietary pattern, against 23% of the general population. The dietic component of the Keeping the Body in Mind Xtend lifestyle program increased diet quality with 10% for young people with first-episode psychosis, compared to baseline, which was predominantly driven by increased vegetable variety and amounts.

Summary
Recent findings render poor dietary habits as potential targets for treatment of SSD patients. Further studies into anti-inflammatory diets and associations with gut–brain biomarkers are warranted. When proven, structured and supervised diet interventions may help SSD patients escape from this entrapment, as only supplementing nutrients or providing dietary advice lacks the impact to significantly reduce the risk of chronic physical illnesses.