bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Malaysia’s National Annex for Seismic Design on the Size and Reinforcement Weight of Low-rise Buildings
Authors: Iliani Rosli M , Alih S C , Vafaei M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In early 2017, Malaysia’s national annex for the seismic design of structures was published and led to some concerns regarding the increase in the construction cost of buildings. This study investigated the change in the reinforcement weights of beams and columns due to seismic design based on Malaysia’s national annex. For this purpose, buildings with different numbers of stories (i.e., 3- and 6-storey), ductility classes (i.e., low and medium), and soil types (i.e., stiff and soft soil) were designed through two different methods. The first method followed the conventional design practice in Malaysia, in which the BS 8110 code was used to design structural elements only for gravity loads. However, the second design method was based on Malaysia’s national annex and Eurocode 2, and buildings were designed for gravity loads and seismic actions. The results showed that buildings with low ductility class constructed on the soft soil had the largest increase in the reinforcement weights compared to the conventional design. On the other hand, the buildings with medium ductility class constructed on stiff soil had lesser reinforcement weights than the conventional design.
Mechanical Behaviour of Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber as Partial Fine Aggregates Replacement
Authors: Mohamed Amin M A , Mohd Zuki S S , Shahidan S , Ghadzali N S , Mohamed Nazri F , Abdul Rahim M , Mohammad Azmi M A , Ibrahim M H W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the waste tires became a critical issue for many countries as the transportation industries increase around the world. Normally, the worn-out tires will be discarded and become an environmental threat or resourceful end product depending on the waste management of the country. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of crumb rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregates in compressive and tensile strength of concrete. Based on the mechanical behaviour, the optimum content of crumb rubber as partial fine aggregates replacement in concrete is determined. The size of crumb rubber used in this study was between 2 mm and 3 mm with 5% to 15% replacements. The targeted strength of concrete at 28th days is 35 MPa with 0.32 water to cement ratio. The slump test was conducted to measure the workability of the mix. 24 concrete cubes with dimension of 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were tested for compressive strength after 7 and 28 days of water curing. In addition, 12 cylinders (100 mm x 200 mm) were prepared for tensile strength test. Based on the results of compressive and tensile strength, generally both strengths decreased as the percentages of replacement increased. However, for 5% and 10% replacement, the targeted strength is still achieved. Hence, it can be concluded that, 10% of rubber crumb is the optimum percentages to be partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete.
Removal of Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater by Using L-shape Semi Aerated Steel Slag Filter System
Authors: Hamdan R. , Ayub K A , Arshad N A N M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Excessive amount of phosphorus in wastewater prior discharged are one of the major cause of eutrophication in lakes and rivers making phosphorus removals are essentials. However, removing phosphorus from wastewaters required a high cost treatment system to be installed at treatment facilities. To provide alternative solutions, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of L-shape semi aerated filter with steel slag as filter media to provide a cost effective treatment system using natural media as a solution to remove phosphorus from domestic wastewater. The L-shaped semi aerated filter was constructed and installed onsite at Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) UTHM. Then, the laboratory test was conducted twice a week to analyse five parameters including pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP). The results showed that the effluent from the L-shape steel slag filter was alkaline with a pH value range of 7.22 to 9.71 due to alkaline properties of steel slag. Turbidity value of effluent at vertical section was higher than horizontal section as it may affect the COD removal of the filter. In the vertical system, the DO value range was higher (1.5 to 6.9 mg/L) than the horizontal system (1.27 to 5.5 mg/L) since oxygen was introduced by aeration process. Furthermore, this system showed good COD removal efficiencies with values ranged from 10% to 76%. Lastly, total phosphorus removal efficiencies also showed great removals with range of 29% to 68%. From the results obtained, steel slag with high-Ca content showed excellent potential in removing phosphorus from domestic wastewater.
Vacuum ultraviolet photoluminescence of NaMgF3:Sm and NaMgF3:Sm,Ce: energy levels of the lanthanides in NaMgF3:Ln compounds
Authors: Schuyt J J , Williams G V M , Shinohara K , Shimizu T , Yamanoi K , Cadatal-Raduban M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The luminescence properties of NaMgF3:Sm and NaMgF3:Ce,Sm were studied in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region. Excitation bands corresponding to the charge transfer processes F− → Sm3+, O2− → Sm3+, and O2− → Ce3+, and the energy transfer processes Ce3+ → Sm3+ and O2− → Sm3+, were observed. The energies of the Sm3+ charge transfer transitions and the crystal field split Ce3+ 4f
05d
1 transitions were used to construct a complete host referred binding energy diagram for the series of lanthanide-doped NaMgF3:Ln compounds. We demonstrate that the optical and luminescence properties predicted by the binding energy diagram are in good agreement with those predicted by the binding energy diagram constructed via the alternative impurity-informed method, and all available experimental data regarding the NaMgF3:Ln compounds. We demonstrate that NaMgF3:Ln compounds are model systems for the study of charge trapping phenomena and divalent lanthanide luminescence. Ultimately, we validate that the impurity-informed method can be used to establish the energy levels of lanthanides in fluoride systems.
Industrially microfabricated ion trap with 1 eV trap depth
Authors: Auchter S , Axline C , Decaroli C , Valentini M , Purwin L , Oswald R , Matt R , Aschauer E , Colombe Y , Holz P , Monz T , Blatt R , Schindler P , Rössler C , Home J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scaling trapped-ion quantum computing will require robust trapping of at least hundreds of ions over long periods, while increasing the complexity and functionality of the trap itself. Symmetric three-dimensional (3D) structures enable high trap depth, but microfabrication techniques are generally better suited to planar structures that produce less ideal conditions for trapping. We present an ion trap fabricated on stacked eight-inch wafers in a large-scale micro-electro-mechanical system microfabrication process that provides reproducible traps at a large volume. Electrodes are patterned on the surfaces of two opposing wafers bonded to a spacer, forming a 3D structure with 2.5 μm standard deviation in alignment across the stack. We implement a design achieving a trap depth of 1 eV for a 40Ca+ ion held at 200 μm from either electrode plane. We characterize traps, achieving measurement agreement with simulations to within ±5% for mode frequencies spanning 0.6–3.8 MHz, and evaluate stray electric field across multiple trapping sites. We measure motional heating rates over an extensive range of trap frequencies, and temperatures, observing 40 phonons/s at 1 MHz and 185 K. This fabrication method provides a highly scalable approach for producing a new generation of 3D ion traps.
Bipolar dual-broadband photodetectors based on perovskite heterojunctions
Authors: Li Yu , Guo Fumin , Yu Shanshan , Wang Jian , Yang Shihe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of efficient photodetectors for color recognition is of great importance for many applications. In this paper, we report a novel bipolar dual-broadband photodetector equipped with a perovskite heterojunction, with bidirectional broadband responses in the short-wavelength and long-wavelength regions at zero bias voltage, enabled by a charge separation reversion mechanism. The unique aerosol–liquid–solid technique allowed the perovskite heterojunction to be fabricated by successively depositing wide-bandgap perovskite (WBP) and narrow-bandgap perovskite (NBP) layers directly on the transparent substrate. For photodetectors based on the perovskite heterojunctions, the short-wavelength photons were depleted by the bottom WBP layer and generated negative responses, while the long-wavelength photons were absorbed by the top NBP layer and generated positive responses. Moreover, the demarcation wavelength between the bipolar responses and the cut-off wavelength can be easily tuned by adjusting the bandgaps (or compositions) of the bottom and top perovskite layers.
Spartina alterniflora has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence estuary salt marsh
Authors: Comer-Warner Sophie A , Ullah Sami , Ampuero Reyes Wendy , Krause Stefan , Chmura Gail L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Salt marshes have the ability to store large amounts of ‘blue carbon’, potentially mitigating some of the effects of climate change. Salt marsh carbon storage may be partially offset by emissions of CH4, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Sea level rise and invasive vegetation may cause shifts between different elevation and vegetation zones in salt marsh ecosystems. Elevation zones have distinct soil properties, plant traits and rhizosphere characteristics, which affect CH4 fluxes. We investigated differences in CH4 emissions between four elevation zones (mudflat, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens and invasive Phragmites australis) typical of salt marshes in the northern Northwest Atlantic. CH4 emissions were significantly higher from the S. alterniflora zone (17.7 ± 9.7 mg C m−2h−1) compared to the other three zones, where emissions were negligible (<0.3 mg C m−2h−1). These emissions were high for salt marshes and were similar to those typically found in oligohaline marshes with lower salinities. CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated with soil properties (salinity, water table depth, bulk density and temperature), plant traits (rhizome volume and biomass, root volume and dead biomass volume all at 0–15 cm) and CO2 fluxes. The relationships between CH4 emissions, and rhizome and root volume suggest that the aerenchyma tissues in these plants may be a major transport mechanism of CH4 from anoxic soils to the atmosphere. This may have major implications for the mitigation potential carbon sink from salt marshes globally, especially as S. alterniflora is widespread. This study shows CH4 fluxes can vary over orders of magnitude from different vegetation in the same system, therefore, specific emissions factors may need to be used in future climate models and for more accurate carbon budgeting depending on vegetation type.
Donor Site Satisfaction Following Autologous Fat Transfer for Total Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wederfoort Jamilla L M , van Santbrink Esther , Hommes Juliette E , Heuts Esther M , Van Kuijk Sander M J , van der Hulst René R W J , Piatkowski Andrzej ,   BREAST− trial investigators, Piatkowski Andrzej , Wederfoort Jamilla L M , Hommes Juliette E , Schop Sander J , Krastev Todor K , van Kuijk Sander M J , van der Hulst René R W J , Derks Daniëlle , Larsen Mikko , Rakhorst Hinne , Schmidbauer Ute , Smit Jan Maerten , Tan Liang T , Wehrens Kim M E , de Wit Thijs 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
With evolving breast cancer survival and patient preferences, it is essential that reconstructive surgeons worldwide continue searching for the best reconstruction technique for patients. Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is a relatively new technique for total breast reconstruction that has already proven to be effective and safe with all advantages of autologous tissue. However, little is known about the aesthetic results and satisfaction concerning donor sites.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to measure donor site satisfaction following AFT for total breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients.

Methods
Between May and August of 2021, participants of the BREAST− trial who were at least 24 months after their final reconstruction surgery were invited to complete an additional survey concerning donor sites. The BODY-Q was utilized for data collection. Results of AFT patients were compared with a control group of implant-based reconstruction patients who did not have a donor site.

Results
A total of 51 patients (20 control, 31 intervention) completed the questionnaire. Satisfaction with body did not statistically differ between the groups. The most frequent complaint was contour irregularities (31 reports, 60.8%), with the least favorable donor site being thighs (23 reports, 53.5%) in the AFT group.

Conclusions
Satisfaction with body did not differ between breast cancer patients receiving AFT or implant-based reconstruction, meaning that large-volume liposuction does not aesthetically affect the utilized donor sites. Nevertheless, reconstructive surgeons should be aware of possible donor site complications, especially contour irregularities at the thighs, and discuss this with their patients.
Implications of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Odumade Oludare A , van Haren Simon D , Angelidou Asimenia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRespiratory viral infections account for a large percentage of global disease and death. Respiratory syncytial virus is a seasonal virus affecting immunologically vulnerable populations, such as preterm newborns and young infants; however, its epidemiology has changed drastically during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this perspective, we discuss the implications of coronavirus disease 2019 on respiratory syncytial virus seasonality patterns and mitigation efforts, as well as the urgent need for vaccination as a preventive tool.
Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Outpatient Children in High-Income Countries—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Jääskeläinen Johanna , Korppi Matti , Renko Marjo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment duration of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children has been controversial in high-income countries. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare short antibiotic treatment (3–5 days) with longer treatment (7–10 days) among children aged ≥6 months.

Methods
On 31 January 2022, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published in English from 2003 to 2022. We included randomized controlled trials focusing on antibiotic treatment duration in children with CAP treated as outpatients. We calculated risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals and used the fixed-effect model (low heterogeneity). Our main outcome was treatment failure, defined as need for retreatment or hospitalization within 1 month. Our secondary outcome was presence of antibiotic-related harms.

Results
A total of 541 studies were screened, and 4 studies with 1541 children were included in the review. Three studies had low risk of bias, and one had some concerns. All 4 studies assessed treatment failures, and the RD was 0.1% (95% confidence interval, −3.0% to 2.0%) with high quality of evidence. Two studies (1194 children) assessed adverse events related to antibiotic treatment, and the RD was 0.0% (−5.0% to 5.0%) with moderate quality of evidence. The diagnostic criteria varied between the included studies.

Conclusions
A short antibiotic treatment duration of 3–5 days was equally effective and safe compared with the longer (current) recommendation of 7–10 days in children aged ≥6 months with CAP. We suggest that short antibiotic courses can be implemented in treatment of pediatric CAP.
Old and new equations for maximal heart rate prediction in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction on beta-blockers treatment: results from the MECKI score data set
Authors: Magrì Damiano , Piepoli Massimo , Gallo Giovanna , Corrà Ugo , Metra Marco , Paolillo Stefania , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Maruotti Antonello , Salvioni Elisabetta , Mapelli Massimo , Vignati Carlo , Senni Michele , Limongelli Giuseppe , Lagioia Rocco , Scrutinio Domenico , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio , Parati Gianfranco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Correale Michele , Badagliacca Roberto , Sciomer Susanna , Di Lenarda Andrea , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Predicting maximal heart rate (MHR) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) still remains a major concern. In such a context, the Keteyian equation is the only one derived in a HFrEF cohort on optimized β-blockers treatment. Therefore, using the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) data set, we looked for a possible MHR equation, for an external validation of Keteyien formula and, contextually, for accuracy of the historical MHR formulas and their relationship with the HR measured at the anaerobic threshold (AT).

Methods and results
Data from 3487 HFrEF outpatients on optimized β-blockers treatment from the MECKI data set were analyzed. Besides excluding all possible confounders, the new equation was derived by using HR data coming from maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The simplified derived equation was [109–(0.5*age) + (0.5*HR rest) + (0.2*LVEF)–(5 if haemoglobin &lt;11 g/dL)]. The R2 and the standard error of the estimate were 0.24 and 17.5 beats min−1 with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 11.9%. The Keteyian equation had a slightly higher MAPE = 12.3%. Conversely, the Fox and Tanaka equations showed extremely higher MAPE values. The range 75–80% of MHR according to the new and the Keteyian equations was the most accurate in identifying the HR at the AT (MAPEs = 11.3–11.6%).

Conclusion
The derived equation to estimate the MHR in HFrEF patients, by accounting also for the systolic dysfunction degree and anaemia, improved slightly the Keteyian formula. Both formulas might be helpful in identifying the true maximal effort during an exercise test and the intensity domain during a rehabilitation programme.
Thigh Muscle Composition and Its Relationship to Functional Recovery Post Hip Fracture Over Time and Between Sexes
Authors: Eastlack Marty , Miller Ram R , Hicks Gregory E , Gruber-Baldini Ann , Orwig Denise L , Magaziner Jay , Ryan Alice S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Computed tomography (CT)-scan measures of muscle composition may be associated with recovery post hip fracture.

Methods
In an ancillary study to Baltimore Hip Studies Seventh cohort, older adults were evaluated at 2 and 6 months post hip fracture. CT-scan measures of muscle were acquired at 2 months. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was measured at 2 and 6 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the association of muscle measures and physical function, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and time postfracture.

Results
Seventy-one older adults (52% males, age 79.6 ± 7.3 years) were included. At 2-months, males had greater thigh cross-sectional area (CSA, p &lt; .0001) and less low-density muscle (p = .047), and intermuscular adipose tissue (p = .007) than females on the side of the fracture, while females performed better on the SPPB (p = .05). Muscle measures on the fractured side were associated with function at 2 months in both sexes. Participants with the lowest tertile of muscle CSA difference at 2-months, indicating greater symmetry in CSA between limbs, performed better than the other 2 tertiles at 6-months. Males performed worse in functional measures at baseline and did not recover as well as females (p = .02).

Conclusion
CT-scan measures of muscle CSA and fatty infiltration were associated with function at 2-months post hip fracture and with improvement in function by 6 months. Observed sex differences in these associations suggest that rehabilitation strategies may need to be adapted by sex after hip fracture.
New palaeodirections and palaeointensity data from extensive profiles through the Ediacaran section of the Volyn Basalt Province (NW Ukraine)
Authors: Thallner D , Shcherbakova V V , Bakhmutov V G , Shcherbakov V P , Zhidkov G V , Poliachenko I B , Biggin A J 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
Changes in the geomagnetic field over geologic timescales can be used to study the evolution and processes of its sources in Earth's deep interior. As a stark contrast to the geomagnetic field behaviour of the recent past, the field in the late Neoproterozoic is defined by ambiguous polar wander paths, ultralow field strengths and a period of extreme reversal hyperactivity. Palaeointensity data from this time are still scarce and conclusions made from these data suffer from large uncertainties brought by a low sampling density. In this study, we present new palaeomagnetic and palaeointensity data from quarry outcrops and five deep drill cores, covering the longest and most complete profiles through the Ediacaran units in the Volyn Basalt Province (NW Ukraine) to date. Palaeodirectional analysis of thermal and alternating field demagnetization experiments reveals at least six reversals in the profile as well as four palaeopoles that agree with previously published poles. Whole-rock palaeointensity estimates are derived from a multimethod approach that utilizes thermal and microwave Thellier experiments performed using Coe and IZZI protocols as well as Wilson and double-heating Shaw experiments. These produce instantaneous site-mean palaeointensity estimates in the range of 2.1 ± 0.4 to 11.1 ± 3.5 µT and virtual dipole moments in the range of 0.31 ± 0.06 × 1022 to 1.67 ± 0.53 × 1022 A m2. Small-scale variations of palaeointensities throughout the profile not only show extremely weak field strengths around polarity changes but could also suggest that the field strength never fully recovered between reversals. These new results increase the density of intensity data coverage for Baltica in the Late Ediacaran and, in combination with previously published Ediacaran dipole moments, support an extremely weak field that seems to increase in strength towards the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition.