bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trehalose–Carnosine Prevents the Effects of Spinal Cord Injury Through Regulating Acute Inflammation and Zinc(II) Ion Homeostasis
Authors: Paterniti Irene , Filippone Alessia , Naletova Irina , Greco Valentina , Sciuto Sebastiano , Esposito Emanuela , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Rizzarelli Enrico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to long-term and permanent motor dysfunctions, and nervous system abnormalities. Injury to the spinal cord triggers a signaling cascade that results in activation of the inflammatory cascade, apoptosis, and Zn(II) ion homeostasis. Trehalose (Tre), a nonreducing disaccharide, and l-carnosine (Car), (β-alanyl-l-histidine), one of the endogenous histidine dipeptides have been recognized to suppress early inflammatory effects, oxidative stress and to possess neuroprotective effects. We report on the effects of the conjugation of Tre with Car (Tre–car) in reducing inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro study was performed using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cell line). After 24 h, Tre–car, Car, Tre, and Tre + Car mixture treatments, cells were collected and used to investigate Zn2+ homeostasis. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord at the T6–T8 levels. After treatments with Tre, Car and Tre–Car conjugate 1 and 6 h after SCI, spinal cord tissue was collected for analysis. In vitro results demonstrated the ionophore effect and chelating features of l-carnosine and its conjugate. In vivo, the Tre–car conjugate treatment counteracted the activation of the early inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress and apoptosis after SCI. The Tre–car conjugate stimulated neurotrophic factors release, and influenced Zn2+ homeostasis. We demonstrated that Tre–car, Tre and Car treatments improved tissue recovery after SCI. Tre–car decreased proinflammatory, oxidative stress mediators release, upregulated neurotrophic factors and restored Zn2+ homeostasis, suggesting that Tre–car may represent a promising therapeutic agent for counteracting the consequences of SCI.
Community-level characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in England: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Bucyibaruta Georges , Blangiardo Marta , Konstantinoudis Garyfallos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in England, more than 43 million people older than 12 years old had received at least a first dose. Nevertheless, geographical differences persist, and vaccine hesitancy is still a major public health concern; understanding its determinants is crucial to managing the COVID-19 pandemic and preparing for future ones. In this cross-sectional population-based study we used cumulative data on the first dose of vaccine received by 01-01-2022 at Middle Super Output Area level in England. We used Bayesian hierarchical spatial models and investigated if the geographical differences in vaccination uptake can be explained by a range of community-level characteristics covering socio-demographics, political view, COVID-19 health risk awareness and targeting of high risk groups and accessibility. Deprivation is the covariate most strongly associated with vaccine uptake (Odds Ratio 0.55, 95%CI 0.54-0.57; most versus least deprived areas). The most ethnically diverse areas have a 38% (95%CI 36-40%) lower odds of vaccine uptake compared with those least diverse. Areas with the highest proportion of population between 12 and 24 years old had lower odds of vaccination (0.87, 95%CI 0.85-0.89). Finally increase in vaccine accessibility is associated with COVID-19 vaccine coverage (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.12). Our results suggest that one year after the start of the vaccination programme, there is still evidence of inequalities in uptake, affecting particularly minorities and marginalised groups. Strategies including prioritising active outreach across communities and removing practical barriers and factors that make vaccines less accessible are needed to level up the differences.
Systole length in hyperbolic n-Manifolds
Authors: Scull Joe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe show that the length R of a systole of a closed hyperbolic n-manifold $$(n \ge 3)$$

(
n
≥
3
)

admitting a triangulation by tn-simplices can be bounded below by a function of n and t, namely $$\begin{aligned} R \ge \frac{1}{2^{(nt)^{O(n^4t)} }} . \end{aligned}$$

R
≥

1

2

(
n
t
)

O
(

n
4

t
)

.

We do this by finding a relation between the number of n-simplices and the diameter of the manifold and by giving explicit bounds for a well known relation between the length of the core curve of a Margulis tube and its radius. We prove the same result for finite volume manifolds, with a similar but slightly more involved proof.
Non-transitive Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Petrukhin Yaroslav , Shangin Vasily 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper’s novelty is in combining two comparatively new fields of research: non-transitive logic and the proof method of correspondence analysis. To be more detailed, in this paper the latter is adapted to Weir’s non-transitive trivalent logic $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

. As a result, for each binary extension of $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

, we present a sound and complete Lemmon-style natural deduction system. Last, but not least, we stress the fact that Avron and his co-authors’ general method of obtaining n-sequent proof systems for any n-valent logic with deterministic or non-deterministic matrices is not applicable to $${\mathbf{NC}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$

NC
3

and its binary extensions.
Identification of the most important external features of highly cited scholarly papers through 3 (i.e., Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta) feature selection data mining methods
Authors: Fahimifar Sepideh , Mousavi Khadijeh , Mozaffari Fatemeh , Ausloos Marcel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHighly cited papers are influenced by external factors that are not directly related to the document's intrinsic quality. In this study, 50 characteristics for measuring the performance of 68 highly cited papers, from theJournal of The American Medical Informatics Associationindexed inWeb of Science(WOS), from 2009 to 2019 were investigated. In the first step, a Pearson correlation analysis is performed to eliminate variables with zero or weak correlation with the target (“dependent”) variable (number of citations in WOS). Consequently, 32 variables are selected for the next step. By applying the Ridge technique, 13 features show a positive effect on the number of citations. Using three different algorithms, i.e., Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta, 6 factors appear to be the most relevant ones. The "Number of citations by international researchers", "Journal self-citations in citing documents”, and "Authors' self-citations in citing documents”, are recognized as the most important features by all three methods here used. The "First author's scientific age”, "Open-access paper”, and "Number of first author's citations in WOS" are identified as the important features of highly cited papers by only two methods, Ridge and Lasso. Notice that we use specific machine learning algorithms as feature selection methods (Ridge, Lasso, and Boruta) to identify the most important features of highly cited papers, tools that had not previously been used for this purpose. In conclusion, we re-emphasize the performance resulting from such algorithms. Moreover, we do not advise authors to seek to increase the citations of their articles by manipulating the identified performance features. Indeed, ethical rules regarding these characteristics must be strictly obeyed.
Umkämpfte Globalisierung: Amerikanische und europäische Reaktionen auf Chinas Aufstieg im Hochtechnologiebereich
Authors: Schmalz Stefan , Gräf Helena , Köncke Philipp , Schneidemesser Lea 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Aufstieg Chinas hat zu einer Reihe von Konflikten mit den führenden westlichen Ländern geführt. Der Hintergrund dieser Auseinandersetzungen besteht darin, dass chinesische Konzerne zu ernsthaften Konkurrenten US-amerikanischer und europäischer Unternehmen geworden sind und die Ordnungsvorstellungen von US- und EU-Machteliten auf der einen und jene Chinas auf der anderen Seite auseinanderdriften. Denn in China sind politische und wirtschaftliche Macht anders organisiert als in den westlichen Marktwirtschaften: Der Parteistaat ist (Teil‑)Eigentümer wichtiger Unternehmen und interveniert offen mit Fünfjahresplänen in die Volkswirtschaft. Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas ist als Regulationsinstanz in Unternehmen präsent. Gleichzeitig organisiert der Parteistaat seine Herrschaft durch Output-Legitimität und funktioniert vielerorts als kennziffergesteuertes, meritokratisches System. Die Expansion des hybriden chinesischen Parteistaatskapitalismus führt deshalb zu einem neuen Systemkonflikt: Wirtschaftlich werden aufstrebende chinesische (Staats‑)Unternehmen zu Konkurrenten, politisch wird die Kontrolle von sensiblen Datenströmen und Infrastrukturnetzwerken zum Streitpunkt. In dem Artikel werden aktuelle Konfliktdynamiken zwischen den USA und China einerseits und der EU und China andererseits in den Bereichen Außenhandel, Investitionen, Hochtechnologie und Industriepolitik aus der Perspektive der Vergleichenden Politischen Ökonomie und des Weltsystemansatzes untersucht. Es werden jeweils Unterschiede in den Reaktionen herausgearbeitet: Die USA setzten auf eine aggressive Handels- und Sanktionspolitik, während die EU mit defensiveren Maßnahmen reagiert hat. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Konflikte Chinas staatsgetriebene Globalisierungsstrategie verändern und zur Restrukturierung der Weltwirtschaft beitragen.
“The whole world is becoming more like Russia.” A conversation on deglobalization in the wake of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Kagarlitsky Boris , Puder Janina , Schmalz Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Russian invasion of Ukraine is having profound repercussions for the international system and the global economy. In this conversation, Boris Kagarlitsky, professor at the Moscow School for Social and Economic Sciences and long-standing analyst of Russian society, politics, and the global political economy, discusses the implications of the war on the Russian economy, its financial sector, and the Russian elite. Furthermore, Kagarlitsky analyzes the ongoing crisis of globalization, in particular Western sanctions, rising commodity prices, and the current role of China.
Digital Covid Certificates as Immunity Passports: An Analysis of Their Main Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
Authors: de Miguel Beriain Íñigo , Rueda Jon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDigital COVID certificates are a novel public health policy to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. These immunity certificates aim to incentivize vaccination and to deny international travel or access to essential spaces to those who are unable to prove that they are not infectious. In this article, we start by describing immunity certificates and highlighting their differences from vaccination certificates. Then, we focus on the ethical, legal, and social issues involved in their use, namely autonomy and consent, data protection, equity, and international mobility from a global fairness perspective. The main conclusion of our analysis is that digital COVID certificates are only acceptable if they meet certain conditions: that they should not process personal data beyond what is strictly necessary for the aimed goals, that equal access to them should be guaranteed, and that they should not restrict people’s autonomy to access places where contagion is unlikely. We conclude that, if such conditions are guaranteed, digital COVID certificates could contribute to mitigating some of the most severe socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic.
Frequency and correlates of driving status among the oldest old: results from a large, representative sample
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/aims
In the light of the restricted knowledge, our aim was to explore the frequency and correlates of driving status among the oldest old.

Methods
Data came from the representative "Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80 +)” consisting of community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals ≥ 80 years residing in the most populous German state (North Rhine-Westphalia; n = 1,832 in the analytical sample, mean age: 86.5 years). The present driving status (no; yes, I drive myself; yes, as a passenger; yes, as driver and passenger) served as outcome measure.

Results
Overall, 43.62% (95% CI 40.98–46.29%) of the individuals did not drive, whereas 30.12% (95% CI 27.75–32.59%) of the individuals drove by themselves, 20.97% (95% CI 18.91–23.20%) of the individuals drove as a passenger, and 5.29% of the individuals drove both (by themselves and as a passenger) (95% CI 4.16–6.71%). Multinomial logistic regressions showed, e.g., that being male (RRR: 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.18), younger age (RRR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.84–0.91), being married and living together with spouse (RRR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.08–2.02), living in a private household (RRR: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.35), better self-rated health (RRR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56), and lower functional impairment (RRR: 19.82, 95% CI 12.83–30.62) were positively associated with ‘Yes, I drive myself’ (compared to not driving a car).

Discussion/conclusions
A sizable proportion of the individuals aged 80 years and above still drove by themselves. Less than half of the oldest old individuals did not drive. Moreover, our current study identified some correlates of driving status among individuals in latest life.
A Multicentre Analysis of Approaches to Learning and Student Experiences of Learning Anatomy Online
Authors: Stone Danya , Longhurst Georga J. , Dulohery Kate , Campbell Thomas , Richards Annalise , O’Brien Dominic , Franchi Thomas , Hall Samuel , Border Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe approaches to learning students adopt when learning anatomy online could yield important lessons for educators. Dissection room teaching can encourage students to adopt a deep approach to learning anatomy. It was therefore hypothesized that the proportion of students adopting a deep approach to learning would be lower in a population learning anatomy online. This research aims to investigate the experiences of students learning anatomy online during the COVID-19 pandemic and the approaches to learning they adopted.MethodsA survey was distributed to medical students at 7 universities across the UK and Ireland. The survey included two previously validated questionnaires: Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and Anatomy Learning Experience Questionnaire.ResultsThe analysis included 224 unique student responses. Students’ approach to learning mirrored reports from previous studies conducted during face-to-face tuition with 44.3% adopting deep, 40.7% strategic, 11.4% surface, and 3.6% combined learning approaches. The university (p = 0.019) and changes to formative (p = 0.016) and summative (p = 0.009) assessments significantly impacted approach to learning. Students reported that online resources were effective but highlighted the need for clearer guidance on how to find and use them successfully.ConclusionIt is important to highlight that students value in-person opportunities to learn from human cadaveric material and hence dissection room sessions should remain at the forefront of anatomical education. It is recommended that future online and/or blended provisions of anatomy teaching include varied resources that maximize engagement with media featuring cadaveric specimens.
Rockburst mechanism and the law of energy accumulation and release in mining roadway: a case study
Authors: Du Feng , Ma Ji , Guo Xiaofei , Wang Tianfeng , Dong Xiaohang , Li Jiashuo , He Shulei , Nuerjuma Dilinaer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rockburst dynamic disasters in the process of deep coal mining become more and more serious. Taking the rockburst occurred in the 23130 working face of Yuejin Coal Mine as the engineering background, we study the characteristics of mining stress field around roadway, the plastic failure morphological characteristics of surrounding rock and the accumulation/release law of elastic energy before and after burst. An analysis model quantitatively describing the physical process of rockburst in the mining roadway is established, and the calculation method of dynamic release of elastic energy in the physical process of rockburst is educed. The mechanism of rockburst in mining roadway is revealed. The results show that an “L-shaped” stress concentration zone is formed within 100 m of the 23130 working face, and the principal stress ratio of the surrounding rock of the transportation roadway is 2.59–4.26. The change of the direction of the maximum principal stress has a significant effect on the burst appearance characteristics. The failure strength of different sections of the mining roadway is characterized by the elastic energy release value. With the increase of the working face distance, the elastic energy released by burst failure and the expansion variation of failure boundary radius show a nonlinear variation law that tends to decrease steadily after sharp fluctuation. The closer to the working face, the higher the burst risk. At a distance of 10 m from the working surface, the maximum principal stress reaches its maximum value. The butterfly-shaped failure system generated by the surrounding rock of the roadway has energy self-sustainability, and the elastic energy released by the sudden expansion of the butterfly leaf is enough to cause a burst damage of 1.9 magnitude. This work could provide theoretical support for the prediction and prevention of rockburst.
Insights Into the Interfacial Degradation of High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Jiawen , Ji Yuchen , Song Haoran , Chen Shiming , Ding Shouxiang , Zhang Bingkai , Yang Luyi , Song Yongli , Pan Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is considered as a promising solid-state electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Nevertheless, the poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode materials (e.g., LiCoO2) restricts its application in high energy density solid-state batteries. Herein, high-voltage stable Li3AlF6 protective layer is coated on the surface of LiCoO2 particle to improve the performance and investigate the failure mechanism of PEO-based ASSLBs. The phase transition unveils that chemical redox reaction occurs between the highly reactive LiCoO2 surface and PEO-based SPE, resulting in structure collapse of LiCoO2, hence the poor cycle performance of PEO-based ASSLBs with LiCoO2 at charging voltage of 4.2 V vs Li/Li+. By sharp contrast, no obvious structure change can be found at the surface of Li3AlF6-coated LiCoO2, and the original layered phase was well retained. When the charging voltage reaches up to 4.5 V vs Li/Li+, the intensive electrochemical decomposition of PEO-based SPE occurs, leading to the constant increase of cell impedance and directly causing the poor performance. This work not only provides important supplement to the failure mechanism of PEO-based batteries with LiCoO2, but also presents a universal strategy to retain structure stability of cathode–electrolyte interface in high-voltage ASSLBs.
Explicit realization of elements of the Tate–Shafarevich group constructed from Kolyvagin classes
Authors: Radičević Lazar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the Kolyvagin cohomology classes, associated to an elliptic curve $$E/{\mathbb Q}$$

E
/
Q

, from a computational point of view. We explain how to go from a model of a class as an element of $$(E(L)/pE(L))^{\mathrm {Gal}(L/{\mathbb Q})}$$

(
E

(
L
)

/
p
E

(
L
)

)

Gal
(
L
/
Q
)

, where p is prime and L is a dihedral extension of $${\mathbb Q}$$
Q
of degree 2p, to a geometric model as a genus one curve embedded in $$\mathbb { P} ^{p-1}$$

P

p
-
1

. We adapt the existing methods to compute Heegner points to our situation, and explicitly compute them as elements of E(L). Finally, we compute explicit equations for several genus one curves that represent non-trivial elements of "Equation missing", for $$p \le 11$$

p
≤
11

, and hence are counterexamples to the Hasse principle.
Geospatial Information Research: State of the Art, Case Studies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bill Ralf , Blankenbach Jörg , Breunig Martin , Haunert Jan-Henrik , Heipke Christian , Herle Stefan , Maas Hans-Gerd , Mayer Helmut , Meng Liqui , Rottensteiner Franz , Schiewe Jochen , Sester Monika , Sörgel Uwe , Werner Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeospatial information science (GI science) is concerned with the development and application of geodetic and information science methods for modeling, acquiring, sharing, managing, exploring, analyzing, synthesizing, visualizing, and evaluating data on spatio-temporal phenomena related to the Earth. As an interdisciplinary scientific discipline, it focuses on developing and adapting information technologies to understand processes on the Earth and human-place interactions, to detect and predict trends and patterns in the observed data, and to support decision making. The authors – members of DGK, the Geoinformatics division, as part of the Committee on Geodesy of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, representing geodetic research and university teaching in Germany – have prepared this paper as a means to point out future research questions and directions in geospatial information science. For the different facets of geospatial information science, the state of art is presented and underlined with mostly own case studies. The paper thus illustrates which contributions the German GI community makes and which research perspectives arise in geospatial information science. The paper further demonstrates that GI science, with its expertise in data acquisition and interpretation, information modeling and management, integration, decision support, visualization, and dissemination, can help solve many of the grand challenges facing society today and in the future.
Surface Nanopatterning Using the Self-Assembly of Linear Polymers on Surfaces after Solvent Evaporation
Authors: Glynos Emmanouil , Chremos Alexandros , Camp Philip J. , Koutsos Vasileios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe morphology of linear polybutadiene physisorbed on freshly cleaved mica from a dilute polymer solution is investigated through atomic force microscopy. A fine-structure study shows that the monolayer morphology in air (after rapid solvent evaporation) depends strongly on the molecular weight (Mw) of the linear polymer, the adsorbed amount, and the conformation adopted by the adsorbed polymer chains under good solvent conditions. The dependence of the observed polymer structure onMwis most significant for samples with high surface density, where the intermolecular interactions among the adsorbed polymers are important. For high surface density, the adsorbed polymers tend to aggregate and minimize unfavorable contacts with air for all of the differentMwsamples, leading to an isotropic structural pattern. These structural phenomena with increasing surface density are explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions of the adsorbed polymers under good solvent conditions, and after the abrupt solvent evaporation corresponding to poor solvent conditions. The experimental observations are further discussed using the results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of a simple coarse-grained model.