bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical forest restoration under future climate change
Authors: Koch Alexander , Kaplan Jed O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the most promising ways to rapidly remove CO2 from the atmosphere is through the restoration of tropical forests. Ongoing and future climate change may, however, threaten the permanence of carbon stored through restoration. Excessive heat, drought or increased disturbances such as wildfire could all negatively impact the integrity of restored carbon. To investigate these risks to tropical forest restoration, we performed 221 simulations with a dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-LMfire) driven by a range of future climate scenarios and ecophysiological responses to CO2 concentrations. We show that carbon in restored tropical forests is largely preserved under the entire range of potential future climates, regardless of assumptions we make about the potential for CO2 fertilization of photosynthesis. Restoring even half of the potential area can account for 56–69% of the carbon storage, depending on whether areas are selected for low cost or high carbon gain.
Supergene origin and maintenance in Atlantic cod
Authors: Matschiner Michael , Barth Julia Maria Isis , Tørresen Ole Kristian , Star Bastiaan , Baalsrud Helle Tessand , Brieuc Marine Servane Ono , Pampoulie Christophe , Bradbury Ian , Jakobsen Kjetill Sigurd , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSupergenes are sets of genes that are inherited as a single marker and encode complex phenotypes through their joint action. They are identified in an increasing number of organisms, yet their origins and evolution remain enigmatic. In Atlantic cod, four megabase-scale supergenes have been identified and linked to migratory lifestyle and environmental adaptations. Here we investigate the origin and maintenance of these four supergenes through analysis of whole-genome-sequencing data, including a new long-read-based genome assembly for a non-migratory Atlantic cod individual. We corroborate the finding that chromosomal inversions underlie all four supergenes, and we show that they originated at different times between 0.40 and 1.66 million years ago. We reveal gene flux between supergene haplotypes where migratory and stationary Atlantic cod co-occur and conclude that this gene flux is driven by gene conversion, on the basis of an increase in GC content in exchanged sites. Additionally, we find evidence for double crossover between supergene haplotypes, leading to the exchange of an ~275 kilobase fragment with genes potentially involved in adaptation to low salinity in the Baltic Sea. Our results suggest that supergenes can be maintained over long timescales in the same way as hybridizing species, through the selective purging of introduced genetic variation.
The role of antibody responses against glycans in bioprosthetic heart valve calcification and deterioration
Authors: Senage Thomas , Paul Anu , Le Tourneau Thierry , Fellah-Hebia Imen , Vadori Marta , Bashir Salam , Galiñanes Manuel , Bottio Tomaso , Gerosa Gino , Evangelista Arturo , Badano Luigi P. , Nassi Alberto , Costa Cristina , Cesare Galli , Manji Rizwan A. , Cueff de Monchy Caroline , Piriou Nicolas , Capoulade Romain , Serfaty Jean-Michel , Guimbretière Guillaume , Dantan Etienne , Ruiz-Majoral Alejandro , Coste du Fou Guénola , Leviatan Ben-Arye Shani , Govani Liana , Yehuda Sharon , Bachar Abramovitch Shirley , Amon Ron , Reuven Eliran Moshe , Atiya-Nasagi Yafit , Yu Hai , Iop Laura , Casós Kelly , Kuguel Sebastián G. , Blasco-Lucas Arnau , Permanyer Eduard , Sbraga Fabrizio , Llatjós Roger , Moreno-Gonzalez Gabriel , Sánchez-Martínez Melchor , Breimer Michael E. , Holgersson Jan , Teneberg Susann , Pascual-Gilabert Marta , Nonell-Canals Alfons , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Chen Xi , Mañez Rafael , Roussel Jean-Christian , Soulillou Jean-Paul , Cozzi Emanuele , Padler-Karavani Vered 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are commonly used to replace severely diseased heart valves but their susceptibility to structural valve degeneration (SVD) limits their use in young patients. We hypothesized that antibodies against immunogenic glycans present on BHVs, particularly antibodies against the xenoantigens galactose-α1,3-galactose (αGal) andN-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), could mediate their deterioration through calcification. We established a large longitudinal prospective international cohort of patients (n = 1668, 34 ± 43 months of follow-up (0.1–182); 4,998 blood samples) to investigate the hemodynamics and immune responses associated with BHVs up to 15 years after aortic valve replacement. Early signs of SVD appeared in <5% of BHV recipients within 2 years. The levels of both anti-αGal and anti-Neu5Gc IgGs significantly increased one month after BHV implantation. The levels of these IgGs declined thereafter but anti-αGal IgG levels declined significantly faster in control patients compared to BHV recipients. Neu5Gc, anti-Neu5Gc IgG and complement deposition were found in calcified BHVs at much higher levels than in calcified native aortic valves. Moreover, in mice, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were unable to promote calcium deposition on subcutaneously implanted BHV tissue engineered to lack αGal and Neu5Gc antigens. These results indicate that BHVs manufactured using donor tissues deficient in αGal and Neu5Gc could be less prone to immune-mediated deterioration and have improved durability.
Survey of rodent-borne pathogens in Singapore reveals the circulation of Leptospira spp., Seoul hantavirus, and Rickettsia typhi
Authors: Griffiths Jane , Yeo Hui Ling , Yap Grace , Mailepessov Diyar , Johansson Patrik , Low Hwee Teng , Siew Chern-Chiang , Lam Patrick , Ng Lee Ching 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRodents living alongside humans increases the probability of encounter and also the transmission of rodent-borne diseases. Singapore’s cosmopolitan urban landscape provides a perfect setting to study the prevalence of four rodent-borne pathogens: Seoul hantavirus (SEOV),Leptospiraspecies,Rickettsia typhiandYersinia pestis, and identify the potential risk factors which may influence rodent density and transmission of rodent-borne diseases. A total of 1143 rodents were trapped from 10 unique landscape structures throughout Singapore. Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reactions were used to detect pathogenic and intermediateLeptospiraspp. andYersinia pestis, whereas the seroprevalence of SEOV andR. typhiwere analysed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunofluorescence Assay respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between prevalence of infection in rodent reservoirs and risk factors. Most of the rodents were caught in public residential developments (62.2%). Among the tested rodents, 42.4% were infected withLeptospiraspp., while 35.5% and 32.2% were seropositive for SEOV andR. typhirespectively, whereasYersinia pestiswas not detected. Furthermore, risk factors including habitat, species, gender, and weight of rodents, influenced prevalence of infection to a varying extent. This study highlights the presence ofLeptospiraspp., SEOV andR. typhiin Singapore’s rodent population, suggesting the need for effective rodent management and sanitation strategies to prevent further circulation and transmission to humans.
Quantifying NFT-driven networks in crypto art
Authors: Vasan Kishore , Janosov Milán , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the art ecosystem is driven by largely invisible networks, defined by undocumented interactions between artists, institutions, collectors and curators. The emergence of cryptoart, and the NFT-based digital marketplace around it, offers unprecedented opportunities to examine the mechanisms that shape the evolution of networks that define artistic practice. Here we mapped the Foundation platform, identifying over 48,000 artworks through the associated NFTs listed by over 15,000 artists, allowing us to characterize the patterns that govern the networks that shape artistic success. We find that NFT adoption by both artists and collectors has undergone major changes, starting with a rapid growth that peaked in March 2021 and the emergence of a new equilibrium in June. Despite significant changes in activity, the average price of the sold art remained largely unchanged, with the price of an artist’s work fluctuating in a range that determines his or her reputation. The artist invitation network offers evidence of rich and poor artist clusters, driven by homophily, indicating that the newly invited artists develop similar engagement and sales patterns as the artist who invited them. We find that successful artists receive disproportional, repeated investment from a small group of collectors, underscoring the importance of artist–collector ties in the digital marketplace. These reproducible patterns allow us to characterize the features, mechanisms, and the networks enabling the success of individual artists, a quantification necessary to better understand the emerging NFT ecosystem.
Standardised bioassays reveal that mosquitoes learn to avoid compounds used in chemical vector control after a single sub-lethal exposure
Authors: Sougoufara Seynabou , Yorkston-Dives Hanna , Aklee Nurul Masyirah , Rus Adanan Che , Zairi Jaal , Tripet Frederic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVector-borne diseases are worldwide public health issues. Despite research focused on vectorial capacity determinants in pathogen transmitting mosquitoes, their behavioural plasticity remains poorly understood. Memory and associative learning have been linked to behavioural changes in several insect species, but their relevance in behavioural responses to pesticide vector control has been largely overlooked. In this study, female Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciastus were exposed to sub-lethal doses of 5 pesticide compounds using modified World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassays. Conditioned females, subsequently exposed to the same pesticides in WHO tunnel assays, exhibited behavioural avoidance by forgoing blood-feeding to ensure survival. Standardized resting site choice tests showed that pre-exposed females avoided the pesticides smell and choose to rest in a pesticide-free compartment. These results showed that, following a single exposure, mosquitoes can associate the olfactory stimulus of pesticides with their detrimental effects and subsequently avoid pesticide contact. Findings highlight the importance of mosquito cognition as determinants of pesticide resistance in mosquito populations targeted by chemical control.
Optimizing planting density and nitrogen application to enhance profit and nitrogen use of summer maize in Huanghuaihai region of China
Authors: Zhang HaiYan , Zhang ChengRan , Sun Peng , Jiang XuWen , Xu GuangHai , Yang JinZhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow planting density and irrational nitrogen (N) fertilization are two common practices in conventional cropping of smallholder maize production in Huanghuaihai region of China. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of N application and planting density on maize phenology, dry matter accumulation, profit, yield, N uptake and efficiency indices. The experiments included three N application levels (120 kg ha−1, N1; 180 kg ha−1, N2; 240 kg ha−1, N3) and three planting densities (60,000 plants ha−1, D1; 75,000 plants ha−1, D2; 90,000 plants ha−1, D3). Increasing N input and planting density delayed the physiological maturity and enhanced dry matter accumulation. Comparing with the traditional N3 level, grain yield and profit were kept stable at N2 level and decreased at N1 level, partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) and nitrogen efficiency ratio (NER) were increased with the decreasing of N level. Comparing with the traditional D1 density, grain yield, profit and PFPN were increased at D2 density and then kept stable at D3 density, NER was kept stable at D2 density and then decreased at D3 density. Based on the predicted maximum profit, the optimal combinations of N application and planting density were 199 kg ha−1 and 81,081 plants ha−1 in 2017, and 205 kg ha−1 and 84,782 plants ha−1 in 2018. The two optimal combinations had an increase of 17.6% for grain yield, 39.8% for PEPN, 3.6% for NRE than the traditional N3D1 treatment. Therefore, an appropriate combination of increased planting density with reduced N application could enhance profit and nitrogen use of summer maize in Huanghuaihai region of China.
Experimental evidence of the effect of financial incentives and detection on dishonesty
Authors: Kaushik Mehak , Singh Varsha , Chakravarty Sujoy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe revisit two fundamental motivations of dishonesty: financial incentives and probability of detection. We use an ability-based real effort task in which participants who are college students in India can cheat by over reporting the number of puzzles they could solve in a given period of time. The puzzles are all unsolvable and this fact is unknown to participants. This design feature allows us to obtain the distribution of cheating outcomes at the individual level. Controlling for participant attributes, we find that introducing piece-rate financial incentives lowers both the likelihood and magnitude of cheating only for individuals with a positive probability of detection. On the other hand, a decrease in the probability of detection to zero increases magnitude of cheating only for individuals receiving piece-rate incentives. Moreover, we observe that participants cheat significantly even in the absence of piece-rate incentives indicating that affective benefits may determine cheating. Finally, an increase in own perceived wealth status vis-à-vis one’s peers is associated with a higher likelihood of cheating while feeling more satisfied with one’s current economic state is associated with a lower magnitude of cheating.
Diversity of rice rhizosphere microorganisms under different fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer
Authors: Chen Yulin , Tu Panfeng , Yang Yibin , Xue Xinhai , Feng Zihui , Dan Chenxin , Cheng Fengxian , Yang Yifan , Deng Lansheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe application of slow-release fertilizer is an effective way to satisfy the demand for nutrients of crops. The objective of present study was to investigate the microbial community characteristics in rice rhizosphere soil under different fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer. Three fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer, i.e., (CK) manually broadcasted on the soil surface at 300 kg·ha−1 before transplanting and then same fertilizer rate was applied at the same way one week after transplanting; (SF) 10 cm depth mechanized placement at 600 kg·ha−1 during the transplanting; (DSF) 10 cm depth mechanized placement at 480 kg·ha−1 during the transplanting, were adopt in the field experiment. The results showed that SF and DSF treatments promoted richness (ACE and Chao1 values) and diversity (Shannon value) of rice rhizosphere microorganisms compared with CK treatment. Compared with CK, SF treatment increased relative abundances of Planctomycetes and decreased relative abundance of Nitrospirae, DSF treatments increased relative abundances of Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, higher relative abundances of Paenibacillus and Sphingomonas were recorded in DSF treatment than CK. In addition, the partial factor productivity (PFP) deep placement of slow-release fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. DSF treatment increased the yield by 16.61% compared with CK treatment while reducing fertilizer input by 20%. In conclusion, compared with broadcasting, deep placement of slow-release fertilizer could improve the structure, distribution, and diversity of the microbial community in rice rhizosphere soil, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, and increase rice yield.
Effects of pitch and musical sounds on body-representations when moving with sound
Authors: Ley-Flores Judith , Alshami Eslam , Singh Aneesha , Bevilacqua Frédéric , Bianchi-Berthouze Nadia , Deroy Ophelia , Tajadura-Jiménez Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of music on bodily movement and feelings, such as when people are dancing or engaged in physical activity, are well-documented—people may move in response to the sound cues, feel powerful, less tired. How sounds and bodily movements relate to create such effects? Here we deconstruct the problem and investigate how different auditory features affect people’s body-representation and feelings even when paired with the same movement. In three experiments, participants executed a simple arm raise synchronised with changing pitch in simple tones (Experiment 1), rich musical sounds (Experiment 2) and within different frequency ranges (Experiment 3), while we recorded indirect and direct measures on their movement, body-representations and feelings. Changes in pitch influenced people’s general emotional state as well as the various bodily dimensions investigated—movement, proprioceptive awareness and feelings about one’s body and movement. Adding harmonic content amplified the differences between ascending and descending sounds, while shifting the absolute frequency range had a general effect on movement amplitude, bodily feelings and emotional state. These results provide new insights in the role of auditory and musical features in dance and exercise, and have implications for the design of sound-based applications supporting movement expression, physical activity, or rehabilitation.
Concomitant KRAS mutations attenuate sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to KRAS G12C inhibition
Authors: Vaclova Tereza , Chakraborty Atanu , Sherwood James , Ross Sarah , Carroll Danielle , Barrett J. Carl , Downward Julian , de Bruin Elza C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of covalent inhibitors against KRAS G12C represents a major milestone in treatment of RAS-driven cancers, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where KRAS G12C is one of the most common oncogenic driver. Here we investigated if additional KRAS mutations co-occur with KRAS G12C (c.34G>T) in NSCLC tumours and if such mutation co-occurrence affects cellular response to G12C-specific inhibitors. Analysis of a large cohort of NSCLC patients whose tumours harboured KRAS mutations revealed co-occurring KRAS mutations in up to 8% of tumours with the KRAS c.34G>T mutation. KRAS c.35G>T was the most frequently co-occurring mutation, and could occur on the same allele (in cis) translating to a single mutant KRAS G12F protein, or on the other allele (in trans), translating to separate G12C and G12V mutant proteins. Introducing KRAS c.35G>T in trans in the KRAS G12C lung cancer model NCI-H358, as well as the co-occurrence in cis in the KRAS G12F lung cancer model NCI-H2291 led to cellular resistance to the G12C-specific inhibitor AZ’8037 due to continuing active MAPK and PI3K cascades in the presence of the inhibitor. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive assessment of co-occurring KRAS mutations in NSCLC and in vitro evidence of the negative impact of co-occurring KRAS mutations on cellular response to G12C inhibitors, highlighting the need for a comprehensive KRAS tumour genotyping for optimal patient selection for treatment with a KRAS G12C inhibitor.
Differential exhumation of cratonic and non-cratonic lithosphere revealed by apatite fission-track thermochronology along the edge of the São Francisco craton, eastern Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Ana , Cruz Simone , Novo Tiago , He Zhiyuan , De Grave Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithosphere of cratons and orogens generally reacts differently to tectonic events. Although these differences are mostly clear during the orogenic phases, understanding how they respond to tectonic reactivation is still challenging. Here, we report the first detailed apatite fission-track (AFT) study pinpointing the gradual transition between cratonic and orogenic lithosphere, using the case study of the São Francisco craton (SFC) and the adjacent Araçuaí-West Congo Orogen (AWCO), eastern Brazil. The collision that built the AWCO partially affected the inherited rift structures of the Paramirim Aulacogen, embedded in the São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent. Our data reveal a differential Phanerozoic exhumation between closely interspaced areas affected and not affected by the AWCO deformation. Samples from the SFC present slow and protracted basement cooling during the Phanerozoic, while samples from the orogen display rapid exhumation since the Eocene. An intermediate ~ N–S zone of c.40 km shows lower magnitude basement cooling during the Cenozoic, possibly because the propagation of AWCO deformation decreases towards the craton interior. Within the orogen, the Rio Pardo salient is the main reactive structure and probably results from the deformation of a master fault, inherited from its precursor rift. Here, we show how the magnitude of Phanerozoic denudation may be deeply associated with previous events of lithosphere weakening.
Evaluation of domain generalization and adaptation on improving model robustness to temporal dataset shift in clinical medicine
Authors: Guo Lin Lawrence , Pfohl Stephen R. , Fries Jason , Johnson Alistair E. W. , Posada Jose , Aftandilian Catherine , Shah Nigam , Sung Lillian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTemporal dataset shift associated with changes in healthcare over time is a barrier to deploying machine learning-based clinical decision support systems. Algorithms that learn robust models by estimating invariant properties across time periods for domain generalization (DG) and unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) might be suitable to proactively mitigate dataset shift. The objective was to characterize the impact of temporal dataset shift on clinical prediction models and benchmark DG and UDA algorithms on improving model robustness. In this cohort study, intensive care unit patients from the MIMIC-IV database were categorized by year groups (2008–2010, 2011–2013, 2014–2016 and 2017–2019).
Tasks were predicting mortality, long length of stay, sepsis and invasive ventilation. Feedforward neural networks were used as prediction models. The baseline experiment trained models using empirical risk minimization (ERM) on 2008–2010 (ERM[08–10]) and evaluated them on subsequent year groups. DG experiment trained models using algorithms that estimated invariant properties using 2008–2016 and evaluated them on 2017–2019. UDA experiment leveraged unlabelled samples from 2017 to 2019 for unsupervised distribution matching. DG and UDA models were compared to ERM[08–16] models trained using 2008–2016. Main performance measures were area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC), area-under-the-precision-recall curve and absolute calibration error. Threshold-based metrics including false-positives and false-negatives were used to assess the clinical impact of temporal dataset shift and its mitigation strategies. In the baseline experiments, dataset shift was most evident for sepsis prediction (maximum AUROC drop, 0.090; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.080–0.101). Considering a scenario of 100 consecutively admitted patients showed that ERM[08–10] applied to 2017–2019 was associated with one additional false-negative among 11 patients with sepsis, when compared to the model applied to 2008–2010. When compared with ERM[08–16], DG and UDA experiments failed to produce more robust models (range of AUROC difference, − 0.003 to 0.050). In conclusion, DG and UDA failed to produce more robust models compared to ERM in the setting of temporal dataset shift. Alternate approaches are required to preserve model performance over time in clinical medicine.