bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Golf and Physical Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sorbie Graeme G. , Beaumont Alexander J. , Williams Ashley K. , Lavallee David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
No previous systematic review has examined the physical health benefits of playing golf or caddying.

Objective
To establish the influence of golf participation and physical health in golfers and caddies. More specifically, the review intended to explore the domains of cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal health, in addition to body composition.

Design
Systematic review.

Data Sources
Electronic literature searches were conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases in July 2021.

Eligibility Criteria
Experimental (randomised controlled trials, quasi-experiment, pre-post) and non-experimental (case–control, cross-sectional, cohort) articles relating to health and golf, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Results
Of the 572 articles initially identified, 109 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility with 23 meeting the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles were rated ‘good 'and seven ‘fair’. The influence of golf on physical health was mixed, although various articles displayed improvements in balance, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol within golfers. Caddies observed improvements in bone mineral density (BMD), stiffness index and strength. Most of the findings indicate that playing golf or caddying does not influence body mass index (BMI); however, playing golf can positively change other body composition markers such as lean and fat mass.

Conclusion
This review demonstrated that golf participation may be an effective method for improving musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health, although mixed findings were observed. Moreover, limited longitudinal evidence suggests that playing golf can positively impact metabolic health and the influence on body composition may be parameter dependent. Additionally, the initial evidence suggests that caddying may improve musculoskeletal health. However, the studies included were limited by their methodological inconsistencies such as: study design, participant demographics and intervention prescription.

PROSPERO Registration
CRD42021267664.
Investigations on the Specifics of Laser Power Modulation in Laser Beam Welding of Round Bars
Authors: Grajczak J. , Nowroth C. , Coors T. , Twiefel J. , Wallaschek J. , Saure F. , Pape F. , Poll G. , Nothdurft S. , Hermsdorf J. , Kaierle S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWelding round bars of large diameters in a rotational laser beam welding process corresponds with weld pool bulging and the risk of weld defects. Power modulation is a promising approach for bulge reduction and for keyhole stabilisation to achieve superior weld quality. The following investigations are about the specific effects of power modulation for round bars with a diameter of 30 mm. The welding speed is 0.95 m/min and argon is used as shielding and process gas. Triangle shaped power modulation at 8 kW average laser beam power, 0/2/4/6 kW amplitude power and 2/10/50 Hz modulation frequency is used for the round bar welding of a 1.4301 steel alloy. The welds are evaluated by visual inspection, metallographic cross sections and scanning acoustic microscopy. The amount of weld defects increases at medium and high power modulation, but weld pool bulging is already reduced at low power modulation. Weld pool bulging can be impeded by a low normalised power modulation frequency of 0.05 and a high modulation depth of 0.86. The power modulation’s advantages of weld mixing and degassing do not apply to rotational round bar welding because of the linear welding speed’s gradient from the specimen surface to the centre.
Mantle Viscosity Derived From Geoid and Different Land Uplift Data in Greenland
Authors: Bagherbandi Mohammad , Amin Hadi , Wang Linsong , Shirazian Masoud 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Earth's mass redistribution due to deglaciation and recent ice sheet melting causes changes in the Earth's gravity field and vertical land motion in Greenland. The changes are because of ongoing mass redistribution and related elastic (on a short time scale) and viscoelastic (on time scales of a few thousands of years) responses. These signatures can be used to determine the mantle viscosity. In this study, we infer the mantle viscosity associated with the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and long‐wavelength geoid beneath the Greenland lithosphere. The viscosity is determined based on a spatio‐spectral analysis of the Earth's gravity field and the land uplift rate in order to find the GIA‐related gravity field. We used different land uplift data, that is, the vertical land motions obtained by the Greenland Global Positioning System (GPS) Network (GNET), gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) data, and also combined them using the Kalman filtering technique. Using different land uplift rates, one can obtain different GIA‐related gravity fields. As shown in this study, the mantle viscosities of 1.9 × 1022 Pa s and 7.8 × 1021 Pa s for a depth of 200–700 km are obtained using ICE‐6G (VM5a) model and the combined land uplift model, respectively, and the GIA‐related gravity potential signal.
The Synergy of Data From Profiling Floats, Machine Learning and Numerical Modeling: Case of the Black Sea Euphotic Zone
Authors: Stanev E. V. , Wahle K. , Staneva J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractData from profiling floats in the Black Sea revealed complex temporal and spatial relationships between physical variables and oxygen, chlorophyll and the backscattering coefficient at 700 nm, as well as some limits in understanding the details of biogeochemistry dynamics. To account for different interdependences between physical and biogeochemical properties, a feedforward backpropagation neural network (NN) was used. This NN learns from data recorded by profiling floats and predicts biogeochemical states using physical measurements only. The performance was very high, particularly for oxygen, but it decreased when the NN was applied to older data because the interrelationships between the physical and biogeochemical properties have changed recently. The biogeochemical states reconstructed by the NN using physical data produced by a coupled physical–biogeochemical operational model were better than the biogeochemical outputs of the same coupled model. Therefore, the use of data from profiling floats, physical properties from numerical models and NNs appears to be a powerful approach for reconstructing the 4D dynamics of the euphotic zone. Basin‐wide patterns and temporal variabilities in oxygen, backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll were also analyzed. Of particular interest is the reconstruction of short‐lived biogeochemical features, particularly in coastal anticyclone areas, which are difficult to observe with available floats at the basin scale.
Increasing Wave Energy Moves Arctic Continental Shelves Toward a New Future
Authors: Malito John , Eidam Emily , Nienhuis Jaap 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArctic continental shelves, including the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf (ABS), are experiencing declines in sea ice coverage leading to increasingly energetic sea states and coastal erosion. In this study we investigated the morphologic response of the ABS to increasing wave energy, and how shelf profile adjustments modify wave energy propagating toward the coast. We developed a 2D cross‐shelf morphodynamic model using Delft3D and tested shelf response to a present‐day wave climate and a future Arctic wave climate projected under the RCP8.5 climate‐change scenario. Simulations lasting 1000 years were conducted for relatively steep (Flaxman Island, AK, slope 0.0008) and flat (Harrison Bay, AK, slope 0.0003) cross‐shelf profiles. We found that morphologic evolution and regulation of future waves depends primarily on existing shelf morphology. On the steeper profile, RCP 8.5 waves drove sediment erosion at 0–15 m water depth and redeposition at 15–30 m water depth. Over 1000 years, this redistribution of sediment from the inner to middle shelf resulted in a 7.6% reduction in wave heights at the 2 m isobath. This morphologic adjustment represented a regulatory feedback in which shallowing of the middle shelf led to attenuation of waves reaching the inner shelf. In contrast, effective wave attenuation across the flatter and wider Harrison Bay section limited cross‐shelf transport and morphologic change under both wave climates. Together our results suggest that coastal changes in response to the growing Arctic wave climate may be dependent on shelf morphology, and even mitigated in some regions by morphologic adjustment.
Relating Vertical Velocity and Cloud/Precipitation Properties: A Numerical Cloud Ensemble Modeling Study of Tropical Convection
Authors: Tao W.‐K. , Iguchi T. , Lang S. , Li X. , Mohr K. , Matsui T. , van den Heever S. C. , Braun S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFundamental relationships exist between cloud and precipitation development and their dynamic processes. Latent heat released by cloud/precipitation formation affects cloud vertical motions, which in turn affect convective cloud development. Here, a cloud‐resolving model is used to relate cloud properties and latent heating with cloud drafts using 15‐day simulations for an oceanic and continental environment. The results show condensation, deposition, and freezing occur mainly in moderate (3–5 m s−1) to strong (>10 m s−1) updrafts, evaporation and sublimation mainly in weak (1–2 m s−1) to moderate downdrafts, and melting in moderate updrafts and downdrafts. Active updrafts cover only a small percentage of the model domain but contribute significantly to the latent heat release and are associated with large proportions of the hydrometeors. Active updrafts with vertical velocities exceeding 1 and 2 m s−1 account for more than 75% and 50%, respectively, of the condensation, deposition, and freezing in both the oceanic and continental cases. However, active downdrafts with vertical velocity magnitudes exceeding |1 m s−1| account for less than 40% and 25%, respectively, of the evaporation and sublimation. More evaporation and sublimation than condensation and deposition occur in the inactive cloud regions. Sensitivity tests are also conducted to assess the impact of model grid spacing (1,000 m vs. 250 m) and microphysical schemes (3 ice classes vs. 4 ice classes) on latent heat release and hydrometeor amount. The results show that model resolution had more impact than the microphysics on the simulated cloud properties in both cases.
Exploring the Scientific Utility of Combined Spaceborne Lidar and Lightning Observations of Thunderstorms
Authors: Lang Timothy J. , Bang Sarah D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractApproximately 8 months of colocated spaceborne lidar and lightning observations were analyzed in a pathfinder study to understand the advantages and challenges of using these combined observations to understand thunderstorms. Data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and the Cloud‐Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar were used when they overlapped on the International Space Station during March–October 2017. Using simple matching criteria, 8246 LIS flashes occurred within 25 km of the CATS ground track. CATS cloud top heights near these flashes showed similar behavior with latitude when compared with a spaceborne radar‐based climatology, but the lidar cloud tops were approximately 2‐km higher than 20‐dBZ radar echo tops. CATS cloud phase near LIS flashes was consistent with ice‐ or mixed‐phase more than 90% of the time, showing the value of using lightning observations to validate lidar‐based feature masks. In addition, correlations between a proxy for LIS flash rate and CATS ice water path, cloud optical depth, and cloud top height were low (0.38–0.42) but positive and highly statistically significant (>99%), suggesting that lidar retrievals of cloud properties can be meaningfully compared with lightning observations despite lidar's known inability to penetrate deeply into optically thick clouds like thunderstorms. Finally, CATS was used to help diagnose LIS false alarms due to surface‐based glint. The false alarm rate was approximately 0.1%, which demonstrated the excellent performance of the surface glint filter in the LIS processing code. The results suggest that fruitful scientific insights can be expected from larger combined lidar/lightning datasets.
Sediments in Sea Ice Drive the Canada Basin Surface Mn Maximum: Insights From an Arctic Mn Ocean Model
Authors: Rogalla B. , Allen S. E. , Colombo M. , Myers P. G. , Orians K. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean are sensitive to the transport of materials from continental shelves into central basins by sea ice. However, it is difficult to assess the net effect of this supply mechanism due to the spatial heterogeneity of sea ice content. Manganese (Mn) is a micronutrient and tracer which integrates source fluctuations in space and time while retaining seasonal variability. The Arctic Ocean surface Mn maximum is attributed to freshwater, but studies struggle to distinguish sea ice and river contributions. Informed by observations from 2009 IPY and 2015 Canadian GEOTRACES cruises, we developed a three‐dimensional dissolved Mn model within a 1/12° coupled ocean‐ice model centered on the Canada Basin and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Simulations from 2002 to 2019 indicate that annually, 87%–93% of Mn contributed to the Canada Basin upper ocean is released by sea ice, while rivers, although locally significant, contribute only 2.2%–8.5%. Downstream, sea ice provides 34% of Mn transported from Parry Channel into Baffin Bay. While rivers are often considered the main source of Mn, our findings suggest that in the Canada Basin they are less important than sea ice. However, within the shelf‐dominated CAA, both rivers and sediment resuspension are important. Climate‐induced disruption of the transpolar drift may reduce the Canada Basin Mn maximum and supply downstream. Other micronutrients found in sediments, such as Fe, may be similarly affected. These results highlight the vulnerability of the biogeochemical supply mechanisms in the Arctic Ocean and the subpolar seas to climatic changes.
Curie Temperatures and Emplacement Conditions of Pyroclastic Deposits From Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico
Authors: Dudzisz K. , Kontny A. , Alva‐Valdivia L. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost pyroclastic deposits of Popocatépetl volcano were emplaced at high temperatures and have similar mafic to more evolved compositions, suggesting a long‐lived, interconnected magma environment. We performed a magnetic and microscopic study on different eruptive sequences <14 ky in age and found that temperature and field dependence of magnetic susceptibility are suited to separate eruption phases. We observed homogeneous titanomagnetite with Curie temperatures (TC) of 50–200°C and 200–400°C, together with different amounts of oxy‐exsolved titanomagnetite with TC ∼ 570°C. Some block‐and‐ash flow deposits show remarkably irreversible TC in heating and cooling branches with a positive ΔTC (TC heating–TC cooling) of up to 130°C in the center. The central part of this sequence is characterized by decreasing magnetic susceptibility and low field dependence of magnetic susceptibility (<10%), which is atypical for ulvöspinel‐rich titanomagnetite. The nonreversibility of heating and cooling runs measured with rates of around 10 K/min is probably related to vacancy‐enhanced nanoscale chemical clustering, which seems to occur preferentially during rapid quenching, possibly combined with subtle maghemitization. In contrast, pumice layers have the highest field dependence (∼20%) and contain Ti‐rich and intermediate titanomagnetite with TC < 100 and ∼300°C, which are in line with mafic and more evolved magma composition. In intermediate phases, irreversibility of TC is more common but with a relatively low ΔTC of ±20°C. We suggest that magneto‐mineralogy in pyroclastic density currents is complex but offers a complementary tool to the paleomagnetic directional analysis for emplacement temperature and contribute information on the volcanic material history and their emplacement conditions.
Extensive Early Marine Seafloor Cementation in a Modern Epeiric Sea Induced by Seawater Properties and a Shallow Redox Boundary Below the Seafloor
Authors: Ge Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtensive early marine cementation at the seafloor has important environmental implications (e.g., ocean chemistry and atmosphere pCO2), but its driver remains controversial, because many factors have been proposed to affect early marine cementation. At the Abu Dhabi coastal area of the Persian Gulf, extensive early marine cementation at the seafloor provides a good modern study case for ancient analogs. Based on petrological (thin section, cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscope) and geochemical (e.g., δ13CDIC, alkalinity, aragonite saturation) analyses, this study investigates integrated factors from seawater to sediment properties and tests previously proposed explanations about extensive early marine cementation at the seafloor. Results suggest multiple factors involved in the early marine cementation. CaCO3 saturation, small CaCO3 saturation gradient and higher sea level in the early Holocene are consistent with former explanations. A new finding is shallow redox boundary within the seafloor sediment promoting extensive early marine cementation. The formation of shallow redox boundary is unrelated to anoxic bottom water and/or enhanced organic influx, but rather is related to: (a) high salinity under hot and arid climate, and (b) low‐energy and restricted shallow marine settings., These conditions undoubtedly occurred in past shallow and warm epeiric marine seas. This provides new insights into formation mechanism and paleoenvironmental interpretation of ancient extensive early marine cementation at the seafloor on epeiric seas.
Characteristics and Consequences of Red Bed Bleaching by Hydrocarbon Migration: A Natural Example From the Entrada Sandstone, Southern Utah
Authors: Bailey Lydia R. , Drake Henrik , Whitehouse Martin J. , Reiners Peter W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtensive regions of yellow and white (“bleached”) sandstones within the terrestrial Jurassic red bed deposits of the Colorado Plateau reflect widespread interaction with subsurface reduced fluids which resulted in the dissolution of iron‐oxide grain coatings. Reduced fluids such as hydrocarbons, CO2, and organic acids have been proposed as bleaching agents. In this study, we characterize an altered section of the Slick Rock member of the Jurassic Entrada Sandstone that exposes bleached sandstone with bitumen‐saturated pore spaces. We observe differences in texture, porosity, mineralogy, and geochemistry between red, pink, yellow, and gray facies. In the bleached yellow facies we observe quartz overgrowths, partially dissolved K‐feldspar, calcite cement, fine‐grained illite, TiO2‐minerals, and pyrite concretions. Clay mineral content is highest at the margins of the bleached section. Fe2O3 concentrations are reduced up to 3× from the red to gray facies but enriched up to 50× in iron‐oxide concretions. Metals such as Zn, Pb, and rare‐earth elements are significantly enriched in the concretions. Supported by a batch geochemical model, we conclude the interaction of red sandstones with reduced hydrocarbon‐bearing fluids caused iron‐oxide and K‐feldspar dissolution, and precipitation of quartz, calcite, clay, and pyrite. Localized redistribution of iron into concretions can account for most of the iron removed during bleaching. Pyrite and carbonate stable isotopic data suggest the hydrocarbons were sourced from the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation. Bitumen in pore spaces and pyrite precipitation formed a reductant trap required to produce Cu, U, and V enrichment in all altered facies by younger, oxidized saline brines.
Comparisons of Ion Density From IVM With the GNSS Differential TEC‐Derived Electron Density on the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 Mission
Authors: Wu Qian , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Braun John J. , Schreiner William , Weiss Jan , Chou Min‐Yang , Zakharenkova Irina , Cherniak Iurii , Hunt Douglas , Heelis Roderick , Vanhove Teresa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report on a new method to derive the on‐orbit electron density using the Tri Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio‐occultation System (Tri‐GNSS Radio occultation System (TGRS)) differential total electron content data and compare it to the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate‐2 Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) ion density data. We found that the IVM ion density is about 8%–15% lower than the TGRS derived density at the insertion orbit (∼710 km) and 5% higher at the mission operation orbit (∼540 km) for reasons that are currently unknown. Using a linear coefficient, we scaled the IVM data to remove the offset between TGRS‐derived electron density and the IVM ion density for the two orbital heights. We believe the scaled IVM densities eliminate any inter‐spacecraft discrepancy, making the IVM data suitable for use in high precision multi‐satellite scientific investigations of longitudinal and local time variations of non‐migrating tides, planetary waves and space weather operational applications.
Broadband Energization of Superthermal Electrons in Jupiter’s Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Coffin Drew , Damiano Peter , Delamere Peter , Johnson Jay , Ng Chung‐Sang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Juno spacecraft in a polar orbit around Jupiter has observed broadband electron energization signatures at high latitudes (Mauk et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23648). We investigate the origin of this energization by simulating the propagation of dispersive Alfvén waves from the Io plasma torus to high latitudes. These waves may be triggered by mechanisms such as the moon‐magnetosphere interaction or inflows from radial transport. We build on the initial hybrid gyrofluid‐kinetic electron simulation of Damiano et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081219) to further quantify electron energization by Alfvénic waves, and investigate this process as a local source mechanism for observed broadband superthermal electron populations. We find that the magnitude of energization increases with the wave amplitude, while decreasing the radial wavelength reduces the high‐latitude wave and particle energy flux. Over the examined range of initial conditions we successfully generate broadband electron populations consistent with Juno observations (Mauk et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.1038/nature23648; Szalay et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018je005752), that contribute to both precipitating populations and those that form trans‐hemispheric beams. Our energized electron distributions are consistent with observed superthermal populations critical for the torus energy budget (Bagenal & Delamere, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010ja016294) and Io‐related auroral emission.