bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Best Choose the Outer Coarse Mesh in the Domain Decomposition Method of Bank and Jimack
Authors: Ciaramella Gabriele , Gander Martin J. , Mamooler Parisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Ciaramella et al. (2020) we defined a new partition of unity for the Bank–Jimack domain decomposition method in 1D and proved that with the new partition of unity, the Bank–Jimack method is an optimal Schwarz method in 1D and thus converges in two iterations for two subdomains: it becomes a direct solver, and this independently of the outer coarse mesh one uses! In this paper, we show that the Bank–Jimack method in 2D is an optimized Schwarz method and its convergence behavior depends on the structure of the outer coarse mesh each subdomain is using. For an equally spaced coarse mesh its convergence behavior is not as good as the convergence behavior of optimized Schwarz. However, if a stretched coarse mesh is used, then the Bank–Jimack method becomes faster then optimized Schwarz with Robin or Ventcell transmission conditions. Our analysis leads to a conjecture stating that the convergence factor of the Bank–Jimack method with overlap L and m geometrically stretched outer coarse mesh cells is $1-O(L^{\frac {1}{2 m}})$
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Comment on: On the role of data, statistics and decisions in a pandemic statistics for climate protection and health—dare (more) progress!
Authors: Radermacher Walter J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the Corona pandemic, it became clear with burning clarity how much good quality statistics are needed, and at the same time how unsuccessful we are at providing such statistics despite the existing technical and methodological possibilities and diverse data sources. It is therefore more than overdue to get to the bottom of the causes of these issues and to learn from the findings. This defines a high aspiration, namely that firstly a diagnosis is carried out in which the causes of the deficiencies with their interactions are identified as broadly as possible. Secondly, such a broad diagnosis should result in a therapy that includes a coherent strategy that can be generalised, i.e. that goes beyond the Corona pandemic.
Time and lexicographic preferences in the valuation of EQ-5D-Y with time trade-off methodology
Authors: Lipman Stefan A. , Zhang Liying , Shah Koonal K. , Attema Arthur E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the valuation of EQ-5D-Y-3L, adult respondents are asked to complete composite time trade-off (cTTO) tasks for a 10-year-old child. Earlier work has shown that cTTO utilities elicited in such a child perspective are generally higher than when adults take their own perspective. We explore how differences in time preference in child and adult perspectives could explain this effect. Furthermore, as cTTO valuation in a child perspective involves explicit consideration of immediate death for a child, we also consider how cTTO utilities could be affected by decision-makers lexicographically avoiding death in children. We report the results of an experiment in which 219 respondents valued 5 health states in both adult and child perspectives with either a standard cTTO or a lead-time TTO only approach, in which immediate death is less focal. Time preferences were measured in both perspectives. Our results suggest that utilities were lower when lead-time TTO, rather than cTTO, was used. We find large heterogeneity in time preference in both perspectives, with predominantly negative time preference. The influence of time preferences on utilities, however, was small, and correcting for time preferences did not reduce differences between utilities elicited in both perspectives. Surprisingly, we found more evidence for differences in utilities between adult and child perspectives when lead-time TTO was used. Overall, these results suggest that time and lexicographic preferences affect time trade-off valuation in child and adult perspectives, but are not the explanation for differences between these perspectives. We discuss the implications of our findings for EQ-5D-Y-3L valuation.
Effect of the thorium oxide content on the leaching of a mixed thorium-uranium oxide fuel
Authors: Björk Klara Insulander , Holgersson Stellan , Thuvander Mattias , Ekberg Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeaching of uranium from uranium oxide fuel in contact with water can be a radiation hazard problem in the case of fuel cladding failure, either during nuclear reactor operation or in an interim storage, as well as in a final repository. One way to mitigate this is to reduce the solubility of the fuel matrix by the mixing uranium oxide with a compound which is less soluble but otherwise of similar properties. In this paper, the effect of thorium oxide content on the leaching of the uranium oxide matrix is investigated. The method was to study the leaching of the uranium oxide fuel matrix as a function of a varying content of thorium oxide, using materials manufactured by powder co-milling. It was found that the substitution of more than 25% UO2 with ThO2 reduces the matrix leaching by more than one order of magnitude in most of the different leaching solutions investigated. The substitution of 7% UO2 with ThO2 results in a reduction of matrix leaching by 10–90%, depending on the concentration of borate and dissolved oxygen in the leaching solution.
Evidencing the benefits of cluster policies: towards a generalised framework of effects
Authors: Wilson James , Wise Emily , Smith Madeline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegions around the world employ cluster-based policies as part of their industrial, innovation and development policy mixes. They have become a key tool in smart specialisation strategies and are increasingly used to address societal challenges. Given their popularity and longevity, there is significant demand to better measure and understand the impacts of cluster policies. Yet the diversity of cluster policies employed in different regional competitiveness policy mixes, a complex effect logic and a variety of (mostly intangible) outcomes, and few recognised norms for guiding cluster policy evaluation all hamper a more holistic understanding of their patterns of effects and broader impacts. There lacks a common frame to guide cluster policy evaluation. This paper reviews international evidence on the effects of cluster policy programmes from academic and policy literature, which is then used as an input into a co-creation process with groups of cluster policymakers, practitioners and researchers. The result is a proposal for a generalised framework of effects for cluster policies to support the structuring of cluster policy evaluations and strengthen international policy learning possibilities.
Legal gender recognition in times of change at the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Holzer Lena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has made the role of identity papers for the enjoyment of human rights once more obvious. It is thus a suitable moment to analyse the current implementation of the right to change the gender and/or name on official documents and civil registries in Europe. This article specifically examines the jurisprudence on the right to gender recognition of the European Court of Human Rights. It concludes that the Court is moving towards recognising the right to change one’s legal gender and/or name on an unconditional basis, and that it will need to deliberate on the right to be free from any state-imposed gender label in the future.
Psychosocial profile related to disordered eating attitudes in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Pamies-Aubalat Lidia , Quiles Marcos Yolanda , Torregrosa Díez María Soledad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent psychosocial variables are related to disordered eating attitudes in adolescents, especially in girls. But some studies show that the variables involved in eating disorders may be different in boys and girls. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychosocial profile related to disordered eating attitudes in adolescents of both sexes, separately. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1630 Spanish adolescents, 890 of whom were girls with an average age of 14 (SD = 1.34) selected from secondary schools in the province of Alicante through random sampling stratified by school year. Results: The cluster analysis showed two profiles in both sexes. One profile presents high disordered eating attitudes, where the highest scores were in body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, pressure to lose weight and social comparison, and the lowest scores were for self-esteem. This contrasts with the other profile that presents low disordered eating attitudes. The logistic regression model showed that girls were 3.8 times more likely to have disordered eating attitudes if they dieted, experienced body dissatisfaction and compared themselves socially with their peers. Disordered eating attitudes in boys was 3.3 times greater when they experienced body dissatisfaction and pressure to lose weight. Conclusion: These results showed that both sexes present similar profiles. Girls and boys present disordered eating attitudes when they have low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, comparison with peers, pressure to lose weight, or are on a diet. In future studies, it will be necessary to develop further longitudinal studies which could help to shed light on the risks and protective factors of eating disorders.
Linking teacher-student relationship quality and student group performance: A mediation model
Authors: González-Romá Vicente , Hernández Ana , Ferreres Adoración , Zurriaga Rosario , Yeves Jesús , González-Navarro Pilar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe tested a mediation model of the influence of teacher-student relationship quality on student group performance in a higher-education context where a group-oriented learning approach is implemented. Specifically, we posit that the relationship between teacher-student relationship quality at the group level and group performance is mediated by positive affective group well-being and intragroup communication quality. Data were collected from 68 groups of students at four time points. The hypotheses involved in the proposed mediated model were tested by means of multiple regression. We controlled for group size and students’ initial familiarity with the other group members. All the analyses were conducted at the group level by means of the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results obtained showed that teacher-student relationship quality has an indirect positive influence on group performance, mediated by positive affective group well-being and within-group communication quality. These findings help to understand how and why teacher-student relationship quality is related to student group performance.
Wie mikrobielle Modellsysteme helfen, Tumorevolution zu entschlüsseln
Authors: Eiche Maximilian , Kayser Jona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile cellular evolution is one of the most fundamental concepts of life, its consequences are among the most pressing issues of modern health care, including cancer and the emergence of therapy resistance. We currently still lack the ability to accurately predict evolutionary trajectories, especially in spatially dense, pathogenic cellular populations such as microbial biofilms or solid tumors. Here, we discuss the conceptual framework of evolution in dense populations and the potential of tailored microbial model systems to systematically study the underlying mechanisms.
Nutzung von RNA-seq zur Detektion aktiver Ribozyme in Zellextrakten
Authors: Olzog V. Janett , Weinberg Christina E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf-cleaving ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that cleave their own sugar phosphate backbone site-specifically. While most ribozyme classes were discovered serendipitously, only four classes were found through targeted methods. We developed an RNA-seq-based strategy, called cyPhyRNA-seq, to capture both ribozyme cleavage fragments in a targeted fashion. This method can be used to study ribozyme activity on a global scale and has the potential to uncover new self-cleaving ribozyme classes.
Wie Bakterien die Aufnahme von Kaliumionen regulieren
Authors: Silberberg Jakob M. , Hänelt Inga 
Published: May 2022

AbstractK+ plays an essential role in a different cellular processes in bacteria, and is a central player in microbial adaptation towards a number of environmental challenges. Accordingly, K+ transporters are subject to tight regulation by a diverse set of mechanisms. Here, we discuss three regulatory strategies from three transport systems, as well as the general regulation of K+ homeostasis by the second messenger c-di-AMP.
Archaeen im globalen Methanzyklus
Authors: Welte Cornelia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVAAM-Forschungspreis 2022Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, contributing considerably to global warming. The emission of methane is governed by the balance of the activity of methanogenic archaea producing methane, and methanotrophic bacteria and archaea oxidizing it. A deeper understanding of the interactions between these microbial groups as well as their physiology and biochemistry will aid in a better comprehension of the global methane cycle and eventually contribute to mitigation of climate change.
Produktion von Plattformchemikalien durch mikrobielle Biokatalysatoren
Authors: Knoll Melanie , Weiler Janek , Gescher Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe application of organic carbon as a biotechnological substrate belongs to the most promising approaches for the substitution of unsustainable production systems. Here, we present Cupriavidus necator as production strain for catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide, butyrate, acetate and propionate to the platform chemical acetoin. Using genetic engineering and proteomics the optimization of the strain is put into perspective regarding its implementation in a biorefinery context.
Kosteneffektive hybride Genomassemblierung mit LazyB
Authors: Gatter Thomas , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvances in genome sequencing have led to a paradigm shift where project costs are no longer limited by sequencing costs but rather by the computational problems associated with genome assembly. There is an urgent demand for more efficient and accurate methods, in particular for complex genomes. The combination of traditional second and emerging third generation sequencing offers unique benefits. Our own method LazyB enables the resource efficient assembly of low abundant datasets.
Mitochondrialer Verunreinigung auf der Spur
Authors: Schönherr Sebastian , Forer Lukas , Weißensteiner Hansi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe detection of contamination is key in all types of sequencing studies, especially for mitochondrial (mtDNA) studies. Contamination can lead to genotype misclassification and ultimately false-positive associations. In mtDNA studies, contamination is usually detected by applying computational expensive approaches using nuclear DNA (nDNA) reads. Here, we describe a novel approach that relies on the unique properties of the small mitochondrial genome to detect contamination fast and accurately.
Division of Care and Leave Arrangements in Gay Father Families in Sweden
Authors: Evertsson Marie , Malmquist Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This study analyses the division of parental leave and the income development in gay father families through surrogacy in Sweden, seen as one of the most family-friendly and egalitarian countries in the world.

Methods
Based on longitudinal population register data, descriptive and bivariate regression models are estimated to analyse the parental leave uptake and income development of married partners becoming (first-time) parents in 2006–2015 (in total 53 couples). Retrospective in-depth interviews with 23 gay men in 12 couples, conducted in 2010 and 2018 are analysed thematically to study how fathers discussed and decided how to divide the leave.

Results
The process of establishing legal parenthood delays the fathers’ access to reimbursed parental leave. Despite this, the fathers’ earnings were not considerably affected by the addition of a child to the family. Once the fathers had access to reimbursed leave, they generally shared this equally, with a tendency for the genetic father to take leave first and for a slightly longer period.

Conclusions
The fathers becoming parents via surrogacy arrangements are a well-off group, able to counter the negative financial consequences of becoming parents. Swedish family policies enable parents to share the leave equally. Less impacted by gender and parenthood norms creating difference between parents, gay father families are in a better position to realise ideals of shared care and sameness.

Policy Implications
The delayed access to reimbursed parental leave structures the ability of gay couples to become parents and contributes to class inequalities in the transition to parenthood.
The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes
Authors: Wegierska Angelika Elzbieta , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Topi Skender , Potenza Maria Assunta , Montagnani Monica , Santacroce Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating the production of intestinal mediators able to reach the central nervous system (gut/brain axis), the gut microbiota participates in the modulation of human moods and behaviors. Several endogenous and exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on the composition and functions of the microbiota. Recent research underlines the importance of appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle to ensure the presence of a functional physiological microbiota working to maintain the health of the whole human organism. Indeed, in addition to bowel disturbances, variations in the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of physical activity on gut microbiota with the aim of identifying potential mechanisms by which exercise could affect gut microbiota composition and function. Whether physical exercise of variable work intensity might reflect changes in intestinal health is analyzed.
Surface deformation under overlapping impacts of solid particles
Authors: Zang Xuerui , Cao Xuewen , Xie Zhenqiang , Zhang Jun , Darihaki Farzin , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo improve the accuracy of erosion prediction, the effect of subsequent particles impacting the same area while the first single particle rebounds from the substrate must be considered. This issue has rarely been considered in studies pertaining to erosion damage. In the present study, the ABAQUS software is used to investigate the erosion crater morphology and stress distribution on a target material subjected to overlapping impacts of spherical particles. Subsequently, the validated model is applied to investigate the effect of the overlapping impacts of particles on the target. Accordingly, the correlation between erosion severity and the impact locations of the two incident particles is quantified. The results show that the horizontal distance between two solid particle impact locations can significantly affect the erosion magnitude and pattern. The interactions of the resulting craters diminish when the horizontal distance exceeds 0.6 times the particle diameter. When the horizontal distance is approximately 0.06 times the particle diameter, the energy loss originating from collisions reaches the maximum, which modifies the crater morphology. The present study is expected to provide in-depth insights into erosion mechanisms and erosion modeling.
Fingerprint inspired advanced end-effector and its applications
Authors: Lee Sung Ho , Kim Hyo Sung , Park Han Jun , Kwak Moon Kyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe human fingertip consists of a fingerprint with many micro-grating structures. The main roles of the fingerprint could be divided into two purposes, namely, the enhancement of the frictional force and the effective transmittance of the biosignal. In this study, we present the fingerprint-inspired end-effector that has not only admirable frictional force but also electric conductivity. The end-effector is composed of fluorocarbon rubber, one of the famous materials to achieve high frictional force and robustness. Through various experiments, the novel performance of micro structured fluorocarbon rubber end-effector (MSFE) is characterized by comparing with a macroscale patterned sample (MPS), which has been already used in real industrial fields. Experimental results are analyzed theoretically. Furthermore, as feasible applications, we suggest two applications based on the role of the fingerprint. One is the conductive astronaut glove with high frictional force, and the other one is a non-slip pad for the next-generation glass transfer systems. Through these experiments, we successfully observe the enhanced system performance and confirm the possibility of using the MSFE as feasible applications. We believe that the MSFE could be a useful and powerful alternative as an end-effector, not only in the aerospace industry but also in display manufacturing processes.