bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional survival estimates for merkel cell carcinoma reveal the dynamic nature of prognostication
Authors: Miura John T. , Lindner Hanna , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Sharon Cimarron E. , Gimotty Phyllis A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConditional survival (CS) analysis has emerged as a dynamic prognostication methodology. The goal of this study was to determine disease‐specific CS rates in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with MCC from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (1988–2016). Stage‐specific 5‐year MCC‐specific CS rates for study and survivor cohorts were estimated, and the significance of clinicopathologic factors to predict 1‐year MCC‐specific death was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsWithin stage, 5‐year CS survival rates improved with increasing survivorship. Pathologic Stage I patients had the highest 5‐year CS rate at diagnosis (89.1%) but the smallest increase over time (96% among 5‐year survivors). Stage IV patients experienced the greatest change in 5‐year CS rates from 25.4% (at diagnosis) to 88% (5‐year survivors). At diagnosis stage, age, sex, and primary site were all significantly associated with 1‐year MCC‐related death in the multivariate analysis. In contrast, among 5‐year survivors only sex and age at diagnosis were significant predictors.ConclusionsMCC CS rates improved across all disease stages over time. Additionally, the relationships of prognostic factors with 1‐year MCC‐death changed with increasing survivorship. This perspective can provide a foundation for informed decision‐making.
Comparison of Ultrasonography to MRI in the Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Bone Stress Injuries
Authors: Syrop Isaac , Fukushima Yaeko , Mullins Kevin , Raiser Sara , Lawley Richard , Bosshardt Lauren , Finlay Andrea , Ray Jeremiah , Fredericson Michael 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound imaging (USI) compared to the reference‐standard of MRI in the diagnosis of bone stress injury (BSI).MethodsA prospective blinded cohort study was conducted. Thirty seven patients who presented to an academic sports medicine clinic from 2016 to 2020 with suspected lower‐extremity BSI on clinical exam underwent both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and USI. Participant characteristics were collected including age, gender and sport. Exclusion criteria included contraindication for dedicated MRI, traumatic fracture, or severe tendon or ligamentous injury. The primary outcome measure was BSI diagnosis by USI. An 8‐point assessment system was utilized on USI for diagnosis of BSI, and the Fredericson and Nattiv22 criteria were applied to classify MRI findings.ResultsThirty seven participants who met study criteria were consented to participate. All participants completed baseline measures. Using MRI, there were 30 (81%) athletes with a positive and seven participants with a negative BSI diagnosis. The most common BSIs in the study were in the metatarsal (54%) and tibia (32%). Compared to MRI, USI demonstrated 0.80 sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.92) and 0.71 specificity (95% CI, 0.29–0.96) in detecting BSI, with a positive predictive value of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75–0.99) and negative predictive value of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.17–0.77).ConclusionsUSI is a potentially useful point‐of‐care tool for practicing sports medicine providers to combine with their clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of BSIs. Further research is ongoing to determine the role of USI in follow‐up care and return‐to‐play protocols.
Objective diagnosis of internal nasal valve collapse by four‐phase rhinomanometry
Authors: Gagnieur Pierre , Fieux Maxime , Louis Bruno , Béquignon Emilie , Bartier Sophie , Vertu‐Ciolino Delphine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundInternal valve collapse is a frequent cause of nasal obstruction but remains poorly understood and is sometimes treated inappropriately as a result. No functional or imaging test for the condition has been validated and the reference diagnostic technique is physical examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of four‐phase rhinomanometry as a diagnostic test for internal valve collapse.MethodsIn a case–control diagnostic accuracy study, the nostrils of adult patients consulting for chronic nasal obstruction were classified as “collapsed” or “non‐collapsed” based on clinical findings. Four‐phase rhinomanometry was performed in all patients. The area defined by the path of the flow/pressure curve in the two phases of inspiration (the “inspiratory loop area” or “hysteresis loop area”) was calculated for both nasal cavities and the threshold value with the highest Youden index was identified.ResultsSixty‐six patients (132 nostrils) were included with 72 nostrils classified as collapsed and 60 as non‐collapsed. Before nasal decongestion, the inspiratory loop area with the highest Youden index was 17.3 Pa L s−1 and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 88.3% (95% confidence interval, 80.0–95.0%) and 89.9% (82.6–95.7%), respectively.ConclusionsIn these patients, a cutoff inspiratory loop area in four‐phase rhinomanometry data reproduced clinical diagnoses of internal valve collapse with high sensitivity and specificity. This method may offer a firmer basis for treatment indications than subjective physical examinations.Level of evidenceLevel 4.
Spread of Fukushima‐derived radiocesium over the coastal ocean in response to typhoon‐induced flooding in September 2011
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoshi , Nagao Seiya , Kitade Yujiro , Niki Masato , Katsumata Takaaki , Miyama Toru , Yoshinari Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Tohoku earthquake off the Pacific coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 and the resulting tsunami led to severe damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Japan. Therefore, a shipboard survey was conducted to elucidate spread processes of radioactive cesium over the coastal ocean in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition zone (south of the FDNPP) from 07 to 12 September 2011, that is, within 8 d of a river flood event associated with Typhoon Talas (T1112). In the survey, broad distributions of radiocesium and low‐salinity water extending nearly 100 km off the coast were successfully observed at the sea surface. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was detected between radiocesium and salinity in the coastal ocean. Just before the shipboard survey, the typhoon brought extremely heavy rainfall over the catchment areas of the Tone and Naka Rivers flowing into the survey region, resulting in discharges from the Tone and Naka Rivers reaching approximately 2800 and 700 m3 s−1, respectively, at their peaks (04 September). These discharges were the highest recorded since 2007. Satellite images corresponding to the high‐radioactivity and low‐salinity areas revealed that chlorophyll blooms also spread over a broad area during the survey. These results indicate that the broad distributions of radiocesium and low‐salinity water over the coastal ocean were brought about by the high levels of river discharge associated with the typhoon.
Clinical characteristics and identification of a novel TGFB1 variant in three unrelated Chinese families with Camurati‐Engelmann disease
Authors: Tao Xiao‐Hui , Yang Xing‐Guang , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Xu Yang , Lin Xiao‐Yun , Xu Tian , Zhang Zhen‐Lin , Yue Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular diagnosis of Camurati‐Engelmann disease (CAEND) in Chinese individuals.MethodsWe recruited six patients aged 14 to 45 years in three unrelated families with CAEND, including five females and one male. Clinical manifestations, biochemical tests, and radiographic examinations were analyzed. The TGFB1 gene variants were further identified by Sanger sequencing. In addition, one female patient was followed up for 5 years.ResultsThe onset age of the patients ranged from 1 to 6 years. All of them had family histories and consisted of an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Gait disturbance, fatigue, progressive bone pain, muscle atrophy, and weakness were the main complaints. Laboratory examinations revealed that the inflammatory markers were at high levels, in addition to the increased bone metabolism indicators. The thickened diaphysis of long bones and the narrowed medullary cavity was observed by radiography. Furthermore, bone scintigraphy detected abnormal symmetrical radioactive concentrations in the affected regions of bone. Sanger sequencing identified a missense heterozygous variant in exon 4 of the TGFB1 gene in families 1 and 2, resulting in Arg218Cys, which confirmed CAEND. Moreover, one novel variant c.669C > G in exon 4 of the TGFB1 gene harboring Cys223Trp was detected in family 3. Subsequent bioinformatics software predicted that the novel variant was pathogenic. Of interest, III:2 in family 3 experienced heart valve defects and tachycardia at birth, which had never been reported in CAEND patients before. Moreover, the response to drug treatment is also full of contradictions and is worthy of further study.ConclusionBesides the typical CAEND manifestations, the new phenotypic characteristics of tachycardia and heart valve defects were first reported in one woman carrying the novel variant p.Cys223Trp in TGFB1 the gene. In addition, we demonstrated that increased bone metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers may possess auxiliary diagnosis for CAEND.
Dynamics of dissipative soliton and conventional soliton in passively mode‐locked erbium‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Li Ying‐Ying , Gao Bo , Huo Jia‐Yu , Wu Ge , Han Ying , Chen Bing‐Kun , Liu Lie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe have numerically demonstrated the dynamics of dissipative soliton (DS) and conventional soliton (CS) in passively mode‐locked erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) laser. By adjusting corresponding parameters, DS could turn into inset soliton, rope soliton, and sawtooth soliton. To our knowledge, this is the first time these phenomena mentioned above have been observed. Meanwhile, CS could convert to two‐soliton molecules, three‐soliton molecules, and noise‐like pulses. When studying the convert process and dynamics of CS, we found the phase of CS is closest to 0 compared to all solitons mentioned above, which means that it can play a considerable role in fiber lasers with strict requirements on phase change. Our simulation results can contribute to a better understanding of the various soliton dynamics in passively mode‐locked EDF lasers.
Accuracy of placement of ultrasound‐guided corticosteroid injection for subacromial pain (impingement) syndrome does not influence pain and function: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chean Chung Shen , Raval Parag , Ogollah Reuben O. , Hall Alison , Roddy Edward , Foster Nadine E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the accuracy of placement of ultrasound‐guided (US‐guided) corticosteroid injections for subacromial pain (impingement) syndrome (SAPS) influences pain and function outcomes.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data collected in a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT). Video images of US‐guided subacromial corticosteroid injections delivered in the RCT were reviewed to categorise injection accuracy into three groups: definitely/probably not in the subacromial bursa (Group 1); probably in the subacromial bursa (Group 2); and definitely in the subacromial bursa (Group 3). The primary outcome was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) total score. Secondary outcomes included SPADI pain and function subscales and participants' self‐reported global impression of change. Outcomes were compared between the accuracy groups after adjusting for pre‐selected baseline characteristics.ResultsUS‐guided injection accuracy data were available for 114 participants: 22 categorised into Group 1, 21 into Group 2 and 71 into Group 3. There were no significant differences in mean total SPADI scores between the three injection accuracy groups at 6 weeks (Group 2 vs. 1: 8.22 (95% CI −4.01, 20.50); Group 3 versus 1: −0.57 (95% CI −10.27, 9.13) or 6 months (Group 2 vs. 1: 12.38 (95% CI −5.34, 30.10); Group 3 versus 1: 3.10 (95% CI −11.04, 17.23).ConclusionsThe accuracy of injection placement in SAPS did not influence pain and function, suggesting that improvements in patients' outcomes using subacromial corticosteroid injections can be achieved without US guidance.
A distributed accelerated optimization algorithm over time‐varying directed graphs with uncoordinated step‐sizes
Authors: Ran Liang , Wang Chengbo , Zheng Lifeng , Li Huaqing , Wang Zheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a distributed accelerated algorithm for solving distributed optimization problems which are defined in a time‐varying directed network. Different from the existing algorithms, by implementing row‐ and column‐stochastic matrices, this work eliminates the conservatism in the related work due to doubly‐stochastic matrices, and do not required estimate the Perron eigenvector of a stochastic matrix. Assuming that the global objective function is strongly convex and the gradient of each local objective function is Lipschitz‐continuous, it is proved that the algorithm converges linearly to the global optimization solution with proper uncoordinated step‐sizes and momentum parameters. The numerical simulations are utilized to verify the correctness of the theoretical results and show the practicability of the proposed algorithm.
Homogeneous Dislocation Nucleation in Molecular Crystal Cyclotetramethylene‐Tetranitramine (β‐HMX)
Authors: Zhang Zhaocheng , Picu Catalin R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe molecular crystal cyclotetramethylene‐tetranitramine (β‐HMX) is the active ingredient in some broadly used plastic bonded explosives. Plasticity is thought to be essential for reaction initiation and detonation. In this work we use molecular simulations to investigate the conditions under which dislocations nucleate homogeneously in β‐HMX. We evaluate the resolved shear stress leading to homogeneous nucleation of dislocation loops in the planes currently considered to be most important for plasticity in this crystal, (011) and (101), and at pressures up to 20 GPa. The importance of homogeneous nucleation for plastic deformation is discussed in relation to the other plasticity mechanisms operating in HMX. It is concluded that homogeneous nucleation is unlikely to happen at pressures above 5 GPa, while at pressures below this threshold homogeneous nucleation competes with shear localization. The article also presents γ‐surfaces for the (011) and (101) planes, which are used here to interpret the nucleation process and critical stresses, and have broader importance in other contexts. A discussion of the procedure required to compute γ‐surfaces in molecular crystals is included.
Machine‐Learning a Solution for Reactive Atomistic Simulations of Energetic Materials
Authors: Lindsey Rebecca K. , Huy Pham Cong , Goldman Nir , Bastea Sorin , Fried Laurence E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany of the safety and performance‐related properties of energetic materials (EM) are related to complex condensed phase chemistry at extremeP,Tconditions eluding direct experimental investigation. Atomistic simulations can play a vital role in generating insight into EM chemistry, but they rely critically on the availability of suitable interatomic potentials (“force fields”). The ChIMES machine learning approach enables generation of interatomic potentials for condensed phase reacting systems, with accuracy similar to Kohn‐Sham density functional theory through its unique, highly flexible orthogonal basis set of interaction functions and systematically improvable many‐body expansion of interatomic interactions. ChIMES has been successfully applied to a variety of systems including simple model energetic materials, both as a correction for simpler quantum theory and as a stand‐alone interatomic potential. In this perspective, the successes and challenges of applying the ChIMES approach to the reactive molecular dynamics of energetic materials are outlined. Our machine‐learned approach is general and can be applied to a variety of different application areas where atomic‐level calculations can be used to help guide and elucidate experiments.
A case of simultaneous diagnosis of tunica vaginalis testis and pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Matsuki Rei , Ishii Satoru , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Sugiyama Haruhito 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 37‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with chest pain and fever. Computed tomography showed pleural effusion and irregularly marginated, elevated lesions inside diffuse pleural thickening. Detailed medical examination showed swelling of the left testicle. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed uptakes at the thickened pleura and left testis. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the left testis with a heterogeneous and partially calcified tumour present interiorly. Thoracoscopy was performed under local anaesthesia, enabling the observation of masses at the pleura and biopsy of the mass, which was diagnosed as malignant pleural mesothelioma. The affected testicle was resected and diagnosed as tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma. Thus, simultaneous tunica vaginalis testis and pleural mesothelioma were diagnosed. It is necessary to closely examine parts of the body other than the chest.
Analyzing Anisotropy in 2D Rhenium Disulfide Using Dichromatic Polarized Reflectance
Authors: Wen Ting , Li Jing , Deng Qingyang , Jiao Chenyin , Zhang Maodi , Wu Song , Lin Lin , Huang Wen , Xia Juan , Wang Zenghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn‐plane anisotropy in 2D rhenium disulfide (ReS2) offers intriguing opportunities for designing future electronic and optical devices, and toward such applications, it is crucial to identify the crystal orientation in such 2D anisotropic materials. Existing spectroscopy or electron microscopy methods for determining the crystalline orientation often require complicated sample preparing procedures and specialized equipment, which could sometimes limit their application. In this work, a dichromatic polarized reflectance method is demonstrated, which can quickly and accurately resolve the crystal orientation (Re–Re chain) in 2D ReS2 crystals with different thicknesses. Furthermore, it can be readily extended to multi‐chromatic schemes to achieve greater measurement capability and can be easily tailored to work for different 2D materials. The method offers a simple and effective approach for studying anisotropy in 2D materials.
Rational Design Strategy of Novel Energy Storage Systems: Toward High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Lei Xin , Liang Xiao , Yang Rui , Zhang Fan , Wang Chenchen , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tang Yongbing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are promising candidates to replace currently commercialized lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their merits of abundant resources, low cost, high theoretical volumetric capacity, etc. However, the development of RMBs is still facing great challenges including the incompatibility of the electrolyte and the lack of suitable cathode materials with high reversible capacity and fast kinetics of Mg2+. While tremendous efforts have been made to explore compatible electrolytes and appropriate electrode materials, the rational design of unconventional Mg‐based battery systems is another effective strategy for achieving high electrochemical performance. This review specifically discusses the recent research progress of various Mg‐based battery systems. First, the optimization of electrolyte and electrode materials for conventional RMBs is briefly discussed. Furthermore, various Mg‐based battery systems, including Mg‐chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries, Mg‐halogen (Br2, I2) batteries, hybrid‐ion batteries, and Mg‐based dual‐ion batteries are systematically summarized. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of different Mg‐based battery systems, which can inspire latecomers to explore new strategies for the development of high‐performance and practically available RMBs.
Gentle Patterning Approaches toward Compatibility with Bio‐Organic Materials and Their Environmental Aspects
Authors: Grebenko Artem K. , Motovilov Konstantin A. , Bubis Anton V. , Nasibulin Albert G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvances in material science, bioelectronic, and implantable medicine combined with recent requests for eco‐friendly materials and technologies inevitably formulate new challenges for nano‐ and micropatterning techniques. Overall, the importance of creating micro‐ and nanostructures is motivated by a large manifold of fundamental and applied properties accessible only at the nanoscale. Lithography is a crucial family of fabrication methods to create prototypes and produce devices on an industrial scale. The pure trend in the miniaturization of critical electronic semiconducting components has been recently enhanced by implementing bio‐organic systems in electronics. So far, significant efforts have been made to find novel lithographic approaches and develop old ones to reach compatibility with delicate bio‐organic systems and minimize the impact on the environment. Herein, such delicate materials and sophisticated patterning techniques are briefly reviewed.
Kenichi Fukui, Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory, and the Woodward‐Hoffmann Rules. Part I. The Person†**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kenichi Fukui shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann for “their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions.” This is Paper 4 – Part I, of a three‐part trilogy within a 27‐paper series on the history of the development of the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules. The personality and professional style of Fukui is discussed as well as his style of teaching and his mottos and sayings. A brief chronological history of his academic and professional life is presented along with a listing of Fukui's great flexibility in behaviors and in science. Lastly, a short list of Fukui's key awards is provided.