bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor-like Tics are Mediated by CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor-dependent and Independent Mechanisms Associated with Age and Sex
Authors: Gorberg Victoria , Borisov Veronika , Greig Iain R. , Pertwee Roger G. , McCaffery Peter , Anavi-Goffer Sharon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractΔ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) inhibits tics in individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Δ9-THC has similar affinities for CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors. However, the effect of HU-308, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, on repetitive behaviors has not been investigated. The effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI)-induced motor-like tics and Δ9-THC were studied with gene analysis. The effects of HU-308 on head twitch response (HTR), ear scratch response (ESR), and grooming behavior were compared between wildtype and CB2 receptor knockout (CB2−/−) mice, and in the presence/absence of DOI or SR141716A, a CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. The frequency of DOI-induced repetitive behaviors was higher in CB2−/− than in wildtype mice. HU-308 increased DOI-induced ESR and grooming behavior in adult CB2−/− mice. In juveniles, HU-308 inhibited HTR and ESR in the presence of DOI and SR141716A. HU-308 and beta-caryophyllene significantly increased HTR. In the left prefrontal cortex, DOI increased transcript expression of the CB2 receptor and GPR55, but reduced fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) expression levels. CB2 receptors are required to reduce 5-HT2A/2C-induced tics in adults. HU-308 has an off-target effect which increases 5-HT2A/2C-induced motor-like tics in adult female mice. The increased HTR in juveniles induced by selective CB2 receptor agonists suggests that stimulation of the CB2 receptor may generate motor tics in children. Sex differences suggest that the CB2 receptor may contribute to the prevalence of TS in boys. The 5-HT2A/2C-induced reduction in endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme expression level may explain the increased endocannabinoids’ levels in patients with TS.
A holistic approach to food loss reduction in Africa: food loss analysis, integrated capacity development and policy implications
Authors: Totobesola Mireille , Delve Robert , Nkundimana Jean d’Amour , Cini Leonardo , Gianfelici Francesca , Mvumi Brighton , Gaiani Silvia , Pani Alessandra , Barraza Alejandra Safa , Rolle Rosa S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFood insecurity in the African context is a critical issue; yet total food losses are estimated at 15.9% and 17.2% in quantity and in caloric value, respectively (FAO, 2019). Currently across the continent, there is insufficient funding and the lack of policy mechanisms to support interdisciplinary analytical approaches and data collection systems to better inform the reduction of food loss. This paper highlights the critical need for a paradigm shift of current research and development programs aimed at food loss reduction, as demonstrated by findings of a project implemented in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda by the United Nations Rome-based Agencies (RBAs) – The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Programme (WFP). Quantitative and qualitative food loss data generated by applying the FAO Food Loss Analysis (FLA) methodology to identify critical loss points in the supply chains of nationally prioritized staple food crops, informed the development of practical knowledge-sharing tools and policy guidelines on food loss reduction and contributed to the development of a comprehensive approach for mainstreaming food loss reduction strategies and solutions into national strategic frameworks. Furthermore, a holistic approach that integrates multi-stakeholder engagement, and evidence generation through the implementation of pilot activities to shape local and regional policies and strategies proved essential to the realization of beneficial outcomes in the respective countries. The project also recognized the critical importance of integrating gender considerations and particularly the inclusion of women in harvest and post-harvest operations and in decision-making. All of these outcomes have contributed to the advancement of knowledge and strategic approaches toward reducing postharvest loss, achieving SDG target 12.3 and meeting the targets set by the Malabo Declaration. In short, the project effectively translated commitment into action in all three beneficiary countries.
How deep to dig: effects of web-scraping search depth on hyperlink network analysis of environmental stewardship organizations
Authors: Sayles Jesse S. , Furey Ryan P. , ten Brink Marilyn R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA) tools and concepts are essential for addressing many environmental management and sustainability issues. One method to gather SNA data is to scrape them from environmental organizations’ websites. Web-based research can provide important opportunities to understand environmental governance and policy networks while potentially reducing costs and time when compared to traditional survey and interview methods. A key parameter is ‘search depth,’ i.e., how many connected pages within a website to search for information. Existing research uses a variety of depths and no best practices exist, undermining research quality and case study comparability. We therefore analyze how search depth affects SNA data collection among environmental organizations, if results vary when organizations have different objectives, and how search depth affects social network structure. We find that scraping to a depth of three captures the majority of relevant network data regardless of an organization’s focus. Stakeholder identification (i.e., who is in the network) may require less scraping, but this might under-represent network structure (i.e., who is connected). We also discuss how scraping web-pages of local programs of larger organizations may lead to uncertain results and how our work can combine with mixed methods approaches.
On operator fractional Lévy motion: integral representations and time-reversibility
Authors: Boniece B. Cooper , Didier Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we construct operator fractional Lévy motion (ofLm), a broad class of infinitely divisible stochastic processes that are covariance operator self-similar and have wide-sense stationary increments. The ofLm class generalizes the univariate fractional Lévy motion as well as the multivariate operator fractional Brownian motion (ofBm). OfLm can be divided into two types, namely, moving average (maofLm) and real harmonizable (rhofLm), both of which share the covariance structure of ofBm under assumptions. We show that maofLm and rhofLm admit stochastic integral representations in the time and Fourier domains, and establish their distinct small- and large-scale limiting behavior. We also characterize time-reversibility for ofLm through parametric conditions related to its Lévy measure. In particular, we show that, under non-Gaussianity, the parametric conditions for time-reversibility are generally more restrictive than those for the Gaussian case (ofBm).
Krieger’s type for ergodic non-singular Poisson actions of non-(T) locally compact groups
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is shown that each locally compact second countable non-(T) group G admits non-strongly ergodic weakly mixing IDPFT Poisson actions of any possible Krieger type. These actions are amenable if and only if G is amenable. If G has the Haagerup property, then (and only then) these actions can be chosen of 0-type. If G is amenable, then G admits weakly mixing Bernoulli actions of arbitrary Krieger type.
A randomized trial of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light versus sodium hypochlorite delivered by an electrostatic sprayer for adjunctive decontamination of hospital rooms
Authors: Carlisle Matthew G. , Rutala William A. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Wilson Brigid M. , Deshpande Abhishek , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a randomized trial, adjunctive ultraviolet-C light treatment with a room decontamination device and sodium hypochlorite delivered via an electrostatic sprayer were similarly effective in significantly reducing residual healthcare-associated pathogen contamination on floors and high-touch surfaces after manual cleaning and disinfection. Less time until the room was ready to be occupied by another patient was required for electrostatic spraying.
Instability evolution in the hypersonic boundary layer over a wavy wall
Authors: Zhu W.K. , Gu D.W. , Si W.F. , Zhang M.J. , Chen S.Y. , Smith C.R. , Zhu Y.D. , Lee C.B. 
Published: June 2022

The effects of a wavy wall on the stability of a hypersonic boundary layer on a flared cone are investigated by detailed experimental measurements and direct numerical simulations. The non-contact optical measurement method of focused laser differential interferometry is used to measure the disturbance development within the wavy region. The measurement results show that the second mode for the wavy wall is suppressed significantly compared with the smooth wall, and that multiple disturbances at low frequencies appear within the wavy region. Numerical corroboration against experimental measurements reveals good quantitative agreement. It is found that the disturbances at

$f=360$

kHz on the wavy wall are suppressed appreciably, which are very significant on the smooth wall. And the disturbances at

$f=140$

kHz and

$f=260$

kHz develop within the wavy region, and increase considerably. Also, the disturbances achieve a significant increase over the first half of a wavy trough and become more stable over the second half of a wavy trough. The physical mechanism is found to be due to the change in wall geometry and is attributed to the spatially modulated mean flow. The disturbance growth rate is closely related to the level of the mean-flow distortion.
Tellaintake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth?
Authors: Tafese Zelalem , Berhan Yifru , Stoecker Barbara J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlcohol abuse among women is a public health importance that may impair prenatal and postnatal growth.Tellais among the most common homemade alcoholic beverages in rural Ethiopia, but little is known about the magnitude oftellaintake during pregnancy and lactation or its effects on child growth. The present study investigated associations between maternaltellaintake and the growth of their children. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with mothers (n228) and their 12–36-month-old children and with key informants (n12).Tellaintake during most recent pregnancy and lactation was estimated retrospectively by glasses per drinking event and frequency of events. Nearly 80 % of mothers had consumed some amount oftelladuring their most recent pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, 72 % of children had tasted or drunktellaat some time during their life. Stunting was 42 % and was significantly associated with maternaltellaconsumption at least every other day during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4⋅97, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2⋅20, 11⋅25), male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅27, 4⋅19), two or more under-5-year-old children in the household (AOR 3⋅52, 95 % CI 1⋅49, 8⋅33) and family size >5 (AOR 1⋅84, 95 % CI 1⋅01, 3⋅36). Underweight was 24⋅6 % and was associated with the child drinkingtellawith their mother (AOR 4⋅23, 95 % CI 1⋅99, 8⋅97), being male (AOR 3⋅73, 95 % CI 1⋅73, 7⋅94), having ≥3 diarrhoeal episodes in the last 3 months (AOR 11⋅83, 95 % CI 4⋅22, 33⋅14) and being in the older age group (AOR 2⋅98, 95 % CI 1⋅09, 8⋅13). The associations betweentellaintake and child growth suggest the need to mitigate the effects oftellaon child anthropometry.
Effects of collagen peptide supplementation on cardiovascular markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Jalili Zahra , Jalili Faramarz , Moradi Sajjad , Bagheri Reza , Moosavian Seyedeh Parisa , Naeini Fatemeh , Mohammadi Hamed , Mojtaba Ghoreishy Seyed , Wong Alexei , Travica Nikolaj , Hojjati Kermani Mohammad Ali , Jalili Cyrus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have advocated that collagen peptide supplementation (CPS) can positively affect cardiovascular health. However, the widespread impact of CPS on CVD-related markers is not fully resolved. Consequently, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of CPS on CVD-related markers. A systematic search in the Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were completed to identify relevant randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCT) published up to November 2021. Mean Differences were pooled using a random-effects model, while publication bias, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity were assessed using previously validated methods. Twelve RCT, comprising of a total of eleven measured markers, were selected for the quantitative analysis. Pooled data revealed that CPS significantly decreased fat mass (–1·21 kg; 95 % CI: −2·13, −0·29; I2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·010) and increased fat-free mass, based on body mass percentage (1·49 %; 95 % CI: 0·57, 2·42; I2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·002). Moreover, collagen peptide supplementation led to a significant decrease in serum LDL (–4·09 mg/dl; 95 % CI: −8·13, −0·04; I2 = 93·4 %; P = 0·048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (–5·04 mmHg; 95 % CI: −9·22, −0·85; I2 = 98·9 %; P = 0·018). Our analysis also indicated that CPS did not affect glycemic markers. Our outcomes indicate that CPS reduces fat mass, LDL and SBP while increasing fat-free mass. Future investigations with longer CPS duration are needed to expand on our results.
The “Tipping Point” of a Strategic Vote: When Does an Individual Vote Strategically?
Authors: Anderson Dylan S. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the existence of strategic voting in the United Kingdom and Canada has been well documented, quantifying when a voter will cast a strategic ballot has yet to be done. This article draws on electoral data from five UK and Canadian elections in order to address this gap by identifying a precise “tipping point” for when a non-viable party supporter's probability of voting strategically crosses a 50 per cent threshold. I find the best tipping point measure occurs when a voter rates their favourite viable party greater than 59 out of 100 in the UK and greater than 73 out of 100 in Canada. Both countries also have clear tipping points for the likeability of an individual's highest preferred party and perceptions of that party's distance from contention. Overall, by calculating these tipping points, researchers can better gauge voter behaviour and how, or when, certain factors contribute to strategic voting.
Beyond Agency: The African Peasantry, the State, and Tobacco in Southern Rhodesia (Colonial Zimbabwe), 1900–80
Authors: Doro Elijah , Swart Sandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines African peasant tobacco production in Southern Rhodesia from 1900 to 1980, from the cusp of colonialism to its end. It analyses shifting state policy towards African tobacco producers, the concomitant impact on peasant economies, accumulation patterns and the rural physical landscape and peasant responses. It focuses on the changing agricultural commodity value chains, cash crop asymmetries, and global market forces to explain colonial responses to peasant production and peasant agency. We argue that the symbolic value of each agricultural commodity, in entrenching the hierarchy of power relations and the institutionalisation of white control, mediated colonial responses to peasant production and concomitantly ‘peasant agency’. We use this case study to highlight the structural constraints on ‘agency’ and to explore how cash crop asymmetries helped structure agrarian encounters and power relations in colonial Africa. The paper uses archival sources from the National Archives of Zimbabwe, newspapers, and journals from the Tobacco Research Board (TRB).
Questions for Hierarchical Confucianism
Authors: Ziliotti Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThrough a new argumentative strategy, this article shows that the claims offered by some contemporary Confucian scholars in support of hierarchical social relations do not hold in contemporary societies. Exegetical disagreements that are arguably difficult to overcome are sidestepped and empirical claims in support of hierarchical Confucianism are assessed. Empirical evidence and recent developments in Western philosophy suggest that social hierarchies are detrimental to key factors for people's material well-being, ethical development, and the political order. Egalitarian social relations organized in a representative democratic system appear to be more suitable for the pursuit of the fundamental aims of a Confucian government which are accepted by the proponents of hierarchical Confucianism.
Detecting Anxiety in Long-Term Care Residents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Atchison Kayla , Shafiq Samreen , Ewert Delaney , Leung Alexander A. , Goodarzi Zahra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnxiety is common in long-term care (LTC), but it is unclear which anxiety detection tools are accurate when compared to a reference standard for residents of LTC. Four databases and grey literature sources were searched using the search concepts “anxiety” and “LTC”. Included studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of an anxiety detection tool compared to a reference standard in LTC residents. Diagnostic accuracy measures were extracted. Four articles out of 4,620 met the inclusion criteria. Despite limited evidence and poorly reported study procedures and characteristics, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 86.2%) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 80.6%) had the best performance when detecting generalized anxiety disorder. We identified four anxiety detection tools appropriate for use in LTC; a critical first step to diagnosing and managing anxiety in residents of LTC. Non-generalized anxiety disorders and tool feasibility must be further evaluated.
Explaining the Prevalence of State Constitutional Conventions in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: DINAN JOHN 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough state constitutional conventions in the United States were once called frequently and brought about significant changes in governance, recent decades have seen little convention activity. I examine the contrast between the earlier regularity of conventions and their recent absence, but from a different perspective than is usually taken—not by explaining the recent absence but rather explaining the regularity from the 1770s through 1970s. I investigate why legislatures in prior eras agreed to call conventions and how legislators’ traditional opposition to conventions was overcome on a regular basis. After identifying the state constitutional conventions held in the US and setting aside conventions that were called to join, leave, or rejoin the Union or were instigated by institutions other than legislatures, I focus on 82 conventions called at the discretion of legislators and for reasons unrelated to joining, leaving, or rejoining the Union. I identify the issues and circumstances that were responsible for legislators’ willingness to overcome their traditional opposition to holding conventions, thereby contributing to a better understanding of both the challenges in calling conventions and the occasions when these challenges can be overcome.
Experiences of helplessness and fear among caregivers diagnosed with severe mental illness and co-caregivers: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study – VIA 7
Authors: Rohd Sinnika Birkehøj , Hjorthøj Carsten , Ohland Jessica , Gregersen Maja , Hemager Nicoline , Søndergaard Anne , Christiani Camilla Austa , Spang Katrine Soeborg , Ellersgaard Ditte , Burton Birgitte Klee , Melau Marianne , Greve Aja , Gantriis Ditte Lou , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Harder Susanne , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates indicators of disorganized caregiving among caregivers of children who have a familial predisposition of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BP), and whether indicators of disorganized caregiving are associated with the caregivers’ and children’s level of functioning as well as the children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Indicators of disorganized caregiving were assessed with the Caregiving Helplessness Questionnaire (CHQ). Level of functioning was evaluated using the Children’s Global Assessment Scale and the Personal and Social Performance Scale, while dimensional psychopathology were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. 185 caregivers belonging to a SZ combined group (i.e., SZ-I + SZ co-caregiver), 110 caregivers to a BP combined group (i.e., BP-I + BP co-caregiver), and 184 caregivers to a population-based control group provided data on CHQ. Having a history of SZ or BP or being a co-caregiver to a parent with SZ or BP was associated with higher levels of experiences of helplessness and fear. Higher scores on helplessness were associated with lower level of functioning among caregivers and children and with children having externalizing/internalizing behavior problems. These results emphasize the need for interventions addressing indicators of disorganized caregiving in families with SZ or BP.
Structural and Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Spix's Yellow-Toothed Cavy (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831) Tongue
Authors: Tomiate André Neri , Barbosa Gabriela Klein , Reginato Gabriela de Souza , Camargo Paula Oliveira , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Watanabe Ii-sei , Ciena Adriano Polican 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The tongue is a fundamental organ in feeding, vocalization, and grooming. It is characterized by evolutionary adaptations reflected by diet, habitat, and function. Rodents are a very diverse mammalian order and the tongue's morphology varies in size, form, and presence of papillae. This work aimed to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831). Tongues of Spix's yellow-toothed cavies were analyzed with light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the tongue was divided into apex, body, and root. There were different types of papillae, such as vallate, foliate, laterally placed fungiform, fungiform, filiform, and robust filiform. The epithelium was organized into layers, including keratinized, granulous, spinous, and basal, below were lamina propria, and musculature, which evolved mucous and serous gland clusters. The tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy was structurally and ultrastructurally similar to other rodents and had papillae with similar morphologies to other Caviidae species. However, the presence of robust filiform papillary lines and laterally placed fungiform papillae showed the main differences from other species. This was the first description of the tongue of Spix's yellow-toothed cavy.