bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coat color mismatch improves survival of a keystone boreal herbivore: Energetic advantages exceed lost camouflage
Authors: Kennah Joanie L. , Peers Michael J. L. , Vander Wal Eric , Majchrzak Yasmine N. , Menzies Allyson K. , Studd Emily K. , Boonstra Rudy , Humphries Murray M. , Jung Thomas S. , Kenney Alice J. , Krebs Charles J. , Boutin Stan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate warming is causing asynchronies between animal phenology and environments. Mismatched traits, such as coat color change mismatched with snow, can decrease survival. However, coat change does not serve a singular adaptive benefit of camouflage, and alternate coat change functions may confer advantages that supersede mismatch costs. We found that mismatch reduced, rather than increased, autumn mortality risk of snowshoe hares in Yukon by 86.5% when mismatch occurred. We suggest that the increased coat insulation and lower metabolic rates of winter‐acclimatized hares confer energetic advantages to white mismatched hares that reduce their mortality risk. We found that white mismatched hares forage 17–77 min less per day than matched brown hares between 0°C and −10°C, thus lowering their predation risk and increasing survival. We found no effect of mismatch on spring mortality risk, during which mismatch occurred at warmer temperatures, suggesting a potential temperature limit at which the costs of conspicuousness outweigh energetic benefits.
Species portfolio effects dominate seasonal zooplankton stabilization within a large temperate lake
Authors: O'Connor Reilly F. , McMeans Bailey C. , Rooney Neil , Guzzo Matthew M. , Young Joelle D. , McCann Kevin S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPortfolio effects (PEs) in ecology refer to the suite of phenomenon where the temporal variation of aggregate ecosystem properties (i.e., abundance) is lower than that of their ecosystem components. An example of this is where differential responses of species to environmental variation generate stability at higher levels of ecological organization (e.g., local community, metapopulation, metacommunity). Most of the research examining such PEs has focused on spatial or interannual variation of ecosystems; however, as global change continues to alter seasonality and ecosystem functioning, understanding the underlying food web structures that help maintain stability at multiple spatial and temporal scales is critical to managing ecological systems. Recent advances investigating diversity‐stability relationships has led to the development of frameworks that incorporate a metacommunity perspective which allows for the partitioning of PEs across organizational scales (i.e., local community, metapopulation, cross‐community, metacommunity) from local population dynamics (total). This partitioning yields insights into the mechanisms that generate observed PEs in nature. Here, we employed one of these recently developed frameworks on a temporally (1986–1999, 2008–2019) and spatially (five sampling stations, local communities) extensive data set of zooplankton abundance (e.g., density) within a large temperate lake to investigate how temporal (seasonal) and spatial (among site) PEs influence stability within the zooplankton metacommunity. We found that seasonal asynchrony of different zooplankton species within local communities and across communities generated the vast majority of stabilization, while spatial (i.e., metapopulation) dynamics were more synchronous and contributed little to overall system stability. Furthermore, significantly positive diversity‐asynchrony relationships at the total, local‐ and cross‐community scales were found as asynchrony was positively correlated with local Shannon diversity. Last, a comparison of PEs over the time periods, during which significant local and global changes (i.e., climate warming, invasive species) have occurred suggests that PEs may be eroding, as increasingly synchronous dynamics and declining diversity in recent years have led to a rise in metacommunity variability. We end by arguing for the critical importance of understanding seasonally driven stabilizing mechanisms as local and global changes threaten to fundamentally alter seasonal signals with potentially strong implications for the structures that lend stability to ecosystems.
Skewness in bee and flower phenological distributions
Authors: Stemkovski Michael , Dickson Rachel G. , Griffin Sean R. , Inouye Brian D. , Inouye David W. , Pardee Gabriella L. , Underwood Nora , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhenological distributions are characterized by their central tendency, breadth, and shape, and all three determine the extent to which interacting species overlap in time. Pollination mutualisms rely on temporal co‐occurrence of pollinators and their floral resources, and although much work has been done to characterize the shapes of flower phenological distributions, similar studies that include pollinators are lacking. Here, we provide the first broad assessment of skewness, a component of distribution shape, for a bee community. We compare skewness in bees to that in flowers, relate bee and flower skewness to other properties of their phenology, and quantify the potential consequences of differences in skewness between bees and flowers. Both bee and flower phenologies tend to be right‐skewed, with a more exaggerated asymmetry in bees. Early‐season species tend to be the most skewed, and this relationship is also stronger in bees than in flowers. Based on a simulation experiment, differences in bee and flower skewness could account for up to 14% of pairwise overlap differences. Given the potential for interaction loss, we argue that difference in skewness of interacting species is an underappreciated property of phenological change.
Maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind power generation system: Review, comparison and analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinge , Jia Junru , Zheng Liming , Yi Wenwu , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWind energy is one of the most important clean energies and the variable speed constant frequency technology is widely used in wind energy conversion systems. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is essential for a variable speed constant frequency wind power generation system. Concerning the current research on the MPPT algorithm, this paper studies the principle, characteristics, and reported improvement strategies of principal algorithms. Through the comparison of simulation results for selected control algorithms, the improved optimal torque control algorithm has been found to be the best MPPT algorithm for wind power generation systems because of its simplicity and efficiency. On this basis, further corresponding simulation runs are carried out to analyze the effect of the wind speed fluctuation characteristics on the systematic dynamic performance and power generation efficiency. The results show that the average wind speed, wind fluctuation frequency, and wind fluctuation amplitude can affect the performance of system operation and the efficiency of wind energy capture in different degrees, which has a great practical significance for the research of MPPT control strategy.
Study on the repair parameters for trailing‐edge bonding failure of wind turbine blade in service
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Xueyan , Zhou Bo , Wang Long , Zhu Chengyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA numerical analysis method of trailing edge deboning is proposed in this paper. Using this method, multiple repair parameters can be quantified by analyzing aerodynamic responses and structural characteristics of the trailing edge. This method can be applied to three types of trailing edge, including blunt trailing edge, transitional trailing edge, and pointed trailing edge. In this study, the repair parameters are divided into two types, including the internal parameters that can affect the bonding strength and the external parameters that can affect the stiffness and aerodynamic shape. The main research steps are as follows: First, a repair structure shell‐body model was developed. Second, static tensile tests were carried out using 49 specimens, covering two lap joint types and seven bonding thicknesses. Finally, nine different repaired trailing edge models were developed using Ansys/Fluent for each two two‐dimensional airfoil. A 30–40 m section of a 71 m blade was used to develop a three‐dimensional (3D) rotating model with the repaired trailing edge. The simulation results show that the two internal parameters, overlap length and the slope of adhesive joints, are the key to improving the bonding performance of the pointed trailing edge. In addition, the bonding thickness range of 1–10 mm is proved by the experiment results and numerical analysis to be sufficient for good bonding performance. Besides this, the influence of the repair height on the aerodynamic pressure distribution and lift coefficient is much greater than the repair width, and the torque and power of the repaired 3D blade model are 1.91% higher than that of the original blade. This should further help provide an effective theoretical basis for determining the repair plan for a wind turbine blade.
Blockchain‐based asset storage and service mechanism to metaverse universe: Metarepo
Authors: Ersoy Mevlüt , Gürfidan Remzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital modeling of the real world with 3D modeling technologies has recently prepared the groundwork for Metaverse. Metaverse is an ecosystem that will allow social and cultural events in the real world to be carried out in the digital world as well. Inspired by this framework, this study presents an approach called MetaRepo, where users can securely store digital assets (cryptocurrency, avatars, clothes, tickets, etc.) and use them in various activities within the metaverse universe. The motivation for the realization of this study is the security problems in the exchange, buying and selling transactions that take place in the virtual universes that have become popular in recent days. Another source of motivation is the anxiety of the object owners having their possessions stolen, lost, and transferred to another universe in the Metaverse. Blockchain technology, which can store assets in MetaRepo, has been used to address these concerns. In the developed blockchain structure, New User Engine, Transaction Centre, Authenticator Engine (Weng) and Repos models have been developed for user interaction, transaction processing and security mechanism. An exemplary metaverse universe including social activities has been designed for the testing and evaluation processes of the proposed MetaRepo approach. MetaRepo is communicated from the browser via APIs. Detailed performance analysis has been carried out for the proposed model. As a result, with MetaRepo, a mechanism is aimed at which users can communicate with different metaverse universes and platforms without the need for extra verification and security measures within the metaverse universe.
Mortality due to noninfectious lower respiratory diseases: A spatiotemporal, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Amiri Parastoo , Hashtarkhani Soheil , Yazdizadeh Ashraf , Ahmadian Leila 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsGeography plays an important role in the incidence of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and geographical distribution of death due to noninfectious lower respiratory diseases (NILRDs).MethodsData related to all death due to NILRD in Kerman Province between 2012 and 2018 were extracted from the National Mortality Registry. The underlying causes of death were extracted from the registry based on the assigned codes from ICD‐10 (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision) classification. The existence of spatial clusters and outliers was evaluated using local indicators of spatial association statistics.ResultsThe frequency of death due to NILRD was 8005 persons during the 7 years of the study. The main cause of death was chronic lower respiratory disease (54.2%). Other causes of death were, respectively, lung diseases due to external agents (1.09%), other respiratory diseases mainly affecting the interstitium (1.16%), other diseases of pleura (0.57%), and other diseases of the respiratory system (42.13%). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted mortality rates due to NILRD in the north and center of the province increased significantly from 2012 to 2018. Also, the results of cluster analysis identified northern regions as the clustered areas of NILRD.ConclusionsOur findings showed a significant increase in mortality due to NILRD in Kerman Province during the 7 years of the study. To reduce this type of death, health policymakers should have environmental health plans and basic solutions, such as a warning system to reduce the commuting on highly air‐polluted days and to control pollutants, especially in the industrial areas of the north of this province.
Effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 pandemic on menstrual health of women: A systematic review
Authors: Tayyaba Rehan Syeda , Imran Laiba , Mansoor Hussain , Sayyeda Qudsia , Hussain Hassan ul , Cheema Mustafa Sajjad , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed , Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe menstrual cycle in women is the main indicator of their reproductive health which is affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This review aims to summarize the effects of the COVID‐19 infection and the global pandemic on the menstrual health of women.MethodsThe literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar using keywords “COVID‐19,” “Menstrual Cycle,” “Menstrual Cycle Irregularities,” “Amenorrhea,” “Polymenorrhea,” and “Dysmenorrhea.” The articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: (i) cross‐sectional studies, (ii) cohort studies, (iii) surveys, and (iv) other observational studies observing the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19 pandemic on menstrual health of women. Exclusion criteria included: case reports, gray literature, and website articles regarding menstrual health.ResultsA total of 30,510 articles were shortlisted after a comprehensive search. Sixteen articles were included out of which 13 studies investigated the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the menstrual cycle while 3 evaluated the possible effects of COVID‐19 infection on the menstrual health of women. Menstrual disorders or irregularities were a more common finding during the pandemic as compared to before (p = 0.008). Women affected by pandemic‐related stress were more prone to changes in the duration of their menses (p = 0.0008), reported heavier bleeding (p = 0.028), and increased incidence of painful periods (p < 0.0001). COVID‐19 infected women also reported changes in their menstrual cycle including irregular menstruation, increased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and infrequent menstruation.ConclusionsWomen suffering from COVID‐19 infection or pandemic‐associated stress and anxiety were more likely to experience irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and other menstrual abnormalities compared to those who were less exposed.
Preclinical safety evaluation of Lipase OF fromCandida cylindracea
Authors: Matten Kevin J. , Hashikawa Shinnosuke , Harada Kazunori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriacylglycerol lipases are enzymes commonly used to process foods and beverages such as oils, wines, and cheeses through catalyzation of long‐chain triglyceride hydrolysis. Lipase OF derived fromCandida cylindracea(strain MS‐5‐OF) is only intended for use as a processing aid in food production applications; however, it may be present at trace levels in some products. As such, the safety of Lipase OF was evaluated in this study that included a bacterial reverse mutation assay, an in vitro chromosome aberration test, and a 90‐day subchronic toxicity study in rats. In the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration assays, Lipase OF was not observed to be mutagenic at concentrations up to 5000 μg/plate and 50 μg/ml, respectively, in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Results from the 90‐day subchronic toxicity study indicated only minimal adverse effects (i.e., increased platelet count and prothrombin time) in male rats from the high‐dose group following administration of Lipase OF via the diet at levels of 0, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 w/w%. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) for Lipase OF was therefore considered 2.5 w/w% (1597.6 mg/kg body weight/day [1027.3 mg TOS/kg body weight/day]) in males and 5.0 w/w% (3700.4 mg/kg body weight/day [2379.4 mg TOS/kg body weight/day]) in females under the test conditions. Thus, the evidence presented within this study supports the safe use of Lipase OF as a processing aid in various food production applications for human consumption.
Effective removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by iron‐carbonized solid waste composite: behavior mechanism and factor analysis
Authors: Shi Yahui , Zhang Hongkui , Wei Yawei , Wan Dongjin , Liu Yongde , Gao Yafei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a solid waste produced during the refining of vegetable oil, with features of high residual oil and difficult disposal. At present, pollution control by the treatment of waste is a hot issue to attract more and more attention. This study used SBE as the raw materials and developed a new type of iron‐carbon composite (FexOy/SBE@C) by loading iron on spent bleaching earth carbon (SBE@C) to remove Cr(VI) in water. SBE@C was obtained by the pyrolysis of SBE.RESULTSThe behavior mechanism and factor analysis of FexOy/SBE@C for Cr(VI) removal in water were investigated for the first time. At first, one‐factor experiments in the preparation process were adopted to obtain FexOy/SBE@C with optimal performance. By characterization analysis of the optimal FexOy/SBE@C before and after Cr(VI) removal, it was found that the Cr(VI) removal mechanism was adsorption followed by reduction. Specifically, the adsorption kinetic and isotherm behaviors of FexOy/SBE@C for Cr(VI) belong to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. Cr(VI) removal by FexOy/SBE@C is spontaneous (△G<0) and endothermic (△H>0). The presence of coexisting anions (i.e., BrO3− < SO42− < PO43−) and the increase of pH (only adsorption at pH>7) are not conductive to Cr(VI) removal by FexOy/SBE@C. Fortunately, N2 atmospheres can promote Cr(VI) removal (~100%) that is significantly higher than those in air atmosphere (63.34%) and natural conditions (82.25%).CONCLUSIONOverall, FexOy/SBE@C has the satisfactory Cr(VI) removal performance through physical adsorption and chemical reduction, and exhibits great potential application value in Cr(VI) elimination from water. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of the effects of conservation practices carried out in the 1970s on soil properties in the Eastern Region of Paraguay
Authors: Villalba‐Martínez Carlos J. , Merino Agustín , Etchervers‐Barra Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoils in subtropical and tropical regions are extremely fragile to perturbations due to their sandy texture, acid nature, low soil organic carbon (SOC) and low cation exchange capacity. In Paraguay, deforestation and subsequent cultivation affect 60% of the land. Certain conservation practices were carried out in the 1970s in response to the important degree of degradation caused by the soil degradative processes. Although the management of crop soils is still very intensive, to date there is no data on how the practices are affecting the sustainability of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of three subtropical soils (Ultisol, Alfisol and Oxisol) under different agricultural systems and types of management, aimed at conservation, in the Eastern Region of Paraguay. The agricultural systems differ in the main crop (soybean or maize) and rotation crop (oat, turnip, crotalaria, lupins, maize). The soil properties were compared with those in disturbed natural forests and eucalypt plantations established on former agricultural land. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined in the 0 to 40 cm layer. The soils in the disturbed natural forest systems were less acidic and contained more Ca, Mg and K than the cultivated soils. Relative to the seminatural forests, the cultivated soils contained 20 to 40% less SOC and had lower macronutrient reserves and higher bulk density (up to 1.45 g cm−3). The SOC was higher in the agricultural systems with oats sown as a rotation crop in winter. By contrast, the N content was higher in systems with lupins or turnips grown in winter. Even when managed using conservation practices (direct sowing, retention of harvest residues, green manure), the soils in the agricultural systems under study displayed signs of physical and chemical degradation. The findings show that these conservation practices are not sufficient to correct the impact of intensive agricultural management.
Rating Scales for Medication Adherence in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review for Critique and Recommendations
Authors: Tosin Michelle H.S. , de Oliveira Beatriz Guitton R.B. , Goetz Christopher G. , Morisky Donald , McConvey Victor , Skorvanek Matej , Schrag Anette , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Stebbins Glenn T. ,   members of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Clinical Outcome Assessments (MDS‐COA) Scientific Evaluation Committee
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehaviors interfering with medication adherence (MA) are common and often complex in Parkinson's disease (PD), negatively affecting quality of life and undermining the value of clinical trials. The Clinical Outcome Assessments (COA) Scientific Evaluation Committee of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned the assessment of MA rating scales to recommend the use in PD.ObjectiveCritically review the measurement properties of rating scales used to assess MA in PD and to issue recommendations.MethodsWe conducted systematic review across seven databases to identify structured scales to assess MA in PD. Eligible studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. Standards for good measurement properties of the selected scales were summarized narratively using the COSMIN, the MDS‐COA Committee methodology, the World Health Organization concepts, and the Ascertaining Barriers to Compliance taxonomy. The certainty of the evidence was determined using the modified Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach with final assessments (highest to lowest) of “Recommended,” “Suggested” and “Listed”.ResultsOf the nine reviewed scales, none met the designation “Recommended”. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8); Beliefs Related to Medications Adherence questionnaire, Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire, Medication Adherence Rating Scale, and Satisfaction with Information on Medicines Scale were rated “Suggested”.ConclusionsWe suggest further work focusing on resolving the problems of the suggested scales or developing a new scale meeting all required criteria.