bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Comparisons Between Plastic and Silicone Dilators: Revealing a Knowledge Gap
Authors: Morgan Orly , Lopez Mariana Duenas , Martinez Alberto J. Caban , Marshall Deborah C. , Schnur Julie B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionVaginal stenosis is a distressing side effect of radiation therapy that can impair quality of life. Dilator therapy is an option for patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy to mitigate vaginal stenosis. Currently, the dilators given to patients by most hospitals are made of plastic, compared to silicone dilators which are available on the market for purchase.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic literature review to find information to guide clinical recommendations to pelvic radiotherapy patients on potential differences regarding the use of plastic vs silicone dilators with regard to efficacy, cost, and patient preferences.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed using Emtree terms. To be included in the review, papers needed to: focus on female patients undergoing radiation therapy, assess a vaginal dilator, measure any dilator intervention outcome, and specifically compare plastic vs silicone dilators for any measured outcome (either qualitative or quantitative).ResultsThe initial search yielded 195 articles. Two area experts, with a third expert for arbitration, read each article and found that none met all review inclusion criteria. No studies were found that compared silicone to plastic dilators with regard to efficacy in treating vaginal stenosis due to radiation therapy, no studies were found that compared cost or cost-effectiveness of the 2 dilator types, and no studies were found comparing patient preferences or experiences (eg, comfort, adherence, ease of use) between the 2 dilator types.ConclusionThe materials used to create dilators have never been rigorously compared in the context of radiotherapy-related vaginal stenosis. Institutions and patients have no data to guide their choice. Significantly more research at the patient and institutional level is needed to explore the potential long-term quality of life and cost benefits of improved adherence with silicone dilator use, and to guide shared decision-making regarding dilator choice.
Development and initial cognitive testing of the Digital Equity Screening Tool (DEST): Community participatory approach to assessing digital inequality
Authors: Sharma Pravesh , Patten Christi A. , Tilburt Jon C. , Cheville Andrea L. , Pritchett Joshua C. , Brewer LaPrincess C. , White Richard O. , Kelpin Sydney S. , Albertie Monica , Brockman Tabetha A. , Doubeni Chyke A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has widened the existing digital divide, especially for people from socially and economically deprived communities. We describe a program evaluation using a community participatory approach to develop self-reported items of patient experience with technology inclusive of digital access and literacy. The feedback received from Community Advisory Boards and Community Engagement Studio members led to the evaluation and refinement of the individual items. The community-based participatory approach highlighted in our paper to develop these items could serve as a model for other screening tool development for enhancing equity and inclusiveness in clinical care and research.
Quaternionic hyperbolic lattices of minimal covolume
Authors: Emery Vincent , Kim Inkang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor any$n>1$we determine the uniform and nonuniform lattices of the smallest covolume in the Lie group$\operatorname {\mathrm {Sp}}(n,1)$. We explicitly describe them in terms of the ring of Hurwitz integers in the nonuniform case withneven, respectively, of the icosian ring in the uniform case for all$n>1$.
Social remembering in the digital age: Implications for virtual study, work, and social engagement
Authors: Greeley Garrett D. , Peña Tori , Rajaram Suparna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnology has transformed how people interact with one another. According to two recent Pew Research Center surveys (2021a; 2021b), 97 per cent of United States adults have a cell phone, 85 per cent have a smartphone, 93 per cent use the Internet, and 77 per cent have broadband Internet access at home. The Internet has opened countless doors by providing unprecedented access to information and connecting people. While we know from laboratory research that context and collaboration can influence memory, little is known about how virtual collaboration affects memory and whether in-person studies generalise to virtual contexts. In this article, we discuss the challenges, value, and broader relevance of extending laboratory-based memory research to online platforms. In doing so, we report avirtual collaborative memory paradigm, where we examine individual and social remembering in a fully online, chat-based setting, and present data from two completely virtual experiments. In Experiment 1, online participants studied a word list and, in a chatroom, recalled the words either alone (as controls) or with two other participants. Surprisingly, collaborative inhibition – the robust finding of lower recall in collaborative groups than controls – disappeared. This outcome occurred because participants who worked alone recalled less than what we see in in-person studies. In Experiment 2, where instructions were modified and an experimenter was present, individual performance improved, resulting in collaborative inhibition. We reflect on the contextualised nature of this effect in online settings, for both collaborative and individual remembering, and on the implications for the study of memory in the digital age.
Physical and chemical characteristics of feedlot pen substrate bedded with woodchip under wet climatic conditions
Authors: Wilkes Janelle , Tait Amy L. , Flavel Richard J. , Turnell James , Cowley Frances C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWet winter conditions can create animal welfare issues in feedlots if the pen surface becomes a deep, wet, penetrable substrate. Feedlot pens with a clay and gravel base (N = 30) bedded with 150 mm (W15) and 300 mm (W30) depth of woodchips were compared to a control treatment with no bedding over a 109-day feeding period, while irrigated to supplement natural rainfall. The pad substrate was measured for variables which would affect cattle comfort and value of the substrate for composting. The penetrable depth of control pens was higher than both woodchip-bedded treatments from week 2, and increased until the end of the experiment. Meanwhile these scores were steady for W30 throughout the experiment, and increased for W15 only after week 10. Moisture content of the pad was higher throughout the experiment in the control pens than in the woodchip-bedded pens. In the control pens, the force required to pull a cattle leg analogue out of the pen substrate was three times that required in woodchip-bedded treatments. The W15 treatment increased C : N in the substrate to the upper limit of suitability for composting, and in W30, C : N was too high for composting after a 109-day feeding period. Overall, providing feedlot cattle with 150 or 300 mm of woodchip bedding during a 109-day feeding period improved the condition of the pad substrate for cattle comfort by reducing penetrable depth and moisture content of the substrate surface stratum, but composting value decreased in W30 over this feeding period duration.
Productive and nutritive traits of Piatã palisadegrass after thinning the forest component of a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Brunetti H. B. , Pezzopane J. R. M. , Bonani W. L. , Bosi C. , Pasquini Neto R. , Bernardi A. C. de C. , de Oliveira P. P. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilvopastoral systems (SPSs) are sustainable alternatives for pasture intensification. Management practices such as thinning are options to diminish competition for resources between pasture and trees, ensuring appropriate forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and nutritive traits of Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã) after thinning the forest component of a SPS. Forage production and nutritive value, along with microclimate variables were assessed in a SPS and in an intensive system (INT) in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. The INT was a full sun pasture of Piatã palisadegrass, while the SPS was established with Piatã palisadegrass shaded by eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis clone GG100) spaced 15 × 2 m but thinned to 15 × 4 m before the onset of the experiment. In the SPS, measurements were made under the tree row (SPS_1), 3.75-m (SPS_2), 7.5-m (SPS_3) and 11.25-m (SPS_4) distant from the North row. Forage accumulation in the two systems were similar, whereas the pre-grazing forage mass in most of the SPS positions were smaller than that of the INT during the autumn of 2017 and summer of 2018. Crude protein (CP) content was greater in the SPS than in the INT in most positions and seasons. Forage production was favoured by the thinning of the trees mainly in the seasons close to the event, while forage CP was consistently greater in the understory pasture. Thinning of trees in SPSs can be adopted to provide forage production similar to intensive pastures with higher protein content.
Plant density effects on quinoa yield, leaf anatomy, ultrastructure and gas exchange
Authors: González J. A. , Mercado M. I. , Martinez-Calsina L. , Erazzú L. E. , Buedo S. E. , González D. A. , Ponessa G. I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo study the impact of plant density onChenopodium quinoa(c.v. CICA-17) achene yield and its relationship with morphology, leaf anatomy and gas exchange in the absence of water stress, field trials were conducted at 1995 m asl in Northwestern Argentina. Two plant densities were evaluated; low density (LD) 7.2 plants/m (120 240 pl/ha) and high density (HD) 27.9 plants/m (465 930 pl/ha). HD treatment caused light competition, inducing morphological and anatomical changes in Quinoa plants. Plants grown under HD conditions showed decreases in plant height and stem diameter, lower stomatal dimensions and densities, and thinner leaf blades. Compensation strategies such as increases in specific leaf area and a higher number chloroplasts per palisade cell were observed, nevertheless these changes did not fully compensate C absorption and gas exchange limitations, therefore limiting the uptake of N and P and resulting in a 53.2% lower yield of HD compared to LD. Considering the ability of quinoa plants to change its morphology and anatomy, further studies with intermediate plant densities are necessary in order to determine if it is possible to achieve higher yields and to increase the efficiency in the use of the resources.
Characterizing eating behavioral phenotypes in mood disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Koning Elena , Vorstman Jacob , McIntyre Roger S. , Brietzke Elisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, represent a multidimensional and prevalent group of psychiatric illnesses characterized by disturbances in emotion, cognition and metabolism. Maladaptive eating behaviors in mood disorders are diverse and warrant characterization in order to increase the precision of diagnostic criteria, identify subtypes and improve treatment strategies. The current narrative review synthesizes evidence for Eating Behavioral Phenotypes (EBP) in mood disorders as well as advancements in pathophysiological conceptual frameworks relevant to each phenotype. Phenotypes include maladaptive eating behaviors related to appetite, emotion, reward, impulsivity, diet style and circadian rhythm disruption. Potential treatment strategies for each phenotype are also discussed, including psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions. Maladaptive eating behaviors related to mood disorders are relevant from both clinical and research perspectives, yet have been somewhat overlooked thus far. A better understanding of this aspect of mood disorders holds promise to improve clinical care in this patient group and contribute to the subtyping of these currently subjectively diagnosed and treated disorders.
Association of neurostructural biomarkers with secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity in children with traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ryan Nicholas P. , Catroppa Cathy , Ward Storm Courtney , Yeates Keith Owen , Crossley Louise , Hollenkamp Marisa , Hearps Stephen , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Anderson Vicki A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite a well-established link between childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) and elevated secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (s-ADHD) symptomology, the neurostructural correlates of these symptoms are largely unknown. Based on the influential ‘triple-network model’ of ADHD, this prospective longitudinal investigation aimed to (i) assess the effect of childhood TBI on brain morphometry of higher-order cognitive networks proposed to play a key role in ADHD pathophysiology, including the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN); and (ii) assess the independent prognostic value of DMN, SN and CEN morphometry in predicting s-ADHD symptom severity after childhood TBI.MethodsThe study sample comprised 155 participants, including 112 children with medically confirmed mild-severe TBI ascertained from consecutive hospital admissions, and 43 typically developing (TD) children matched for age, sex and socio-economic status. High-resolution structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired sub-acutely in a subset of 103 children with TBI and 34 TD children. Parents completed well-validated measures of ADHD symptom severity at 12-months post injury.ResultsRelative to TD children and those with milder levels of TBI severity (mild, complicated mild, moderate), children with severe TBI showed altered brain morphometry within large-scale, higher-order cognitive networks, including significantly diminished grey matter volumes within the DMN, SN and CEN. When compared with the TD group, the TBI group showed significantly higher ADHD symptomatology and higher rates of clinically elevated symptoms. In multivariable models adjusted for other well-established risk factors, altered DMN morphometry independently predicted higher s-ADHD symptomatology at 12-months post-injury, whilst SN and CEN morphometry were not significant independent predictors.ConclusionsOur prospective study findings suggest that neurostructural alterations within higher-order cognitive circuitry may represent a prospective risk factor for s-ADHD symptomatology at 12-months post-injury in children with TBI. High-resolution structural brain MRI has potential to provide early prognostic biomarkers that may help early identification of high-risk children with TBI who are likely to benefit from early surveillance and preventive measures to optimise long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes.
Network modeling of major depressive disorder symptoms in adult women
Authors: Moradi Sheida , Falsafinejad Mohammad Reza , Delavar Ali , Rezaeitabar Vahid , Borj'ali Ahmad , Aggen Steven H. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the growing human mental health challenges facing the global health care system. In this study, the structural connectivity between symptoms of MDD is explored using two different network modeling approaches.MethodsData are from ‘the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders (VATSPSUD)’. A cohort of N = 2163 American Caucasian female-female twins was assessed as part of the VATSPSUD study. MDD symptoms were assessed using personal structured clinical interviews. Two network analyses were conducted. First, an undirected network model was estimated to explore the connectivity between the MDD symptoms. Then, using a Bayesian network, we computed a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to investigate possible directional relationships between symptoms.ResultsBased on the results of the undirected network, the depressed mood symptom had the highest centrality value, indicating its importance in the overall network of MDD symptoms. Bayesian network analysis indicated that depressed mood emerged as a plausible driving symptom for activating other symptoms. These results are consistent with DSM-5 guidelines for MDD. Also, somatic weight and appetite symptoms appeared as the strongest connections in both networks.ConclusionsWe discuss how the findings of our study might help future research to detect clinically relevant symptoms and possible directional relationships between MDD symptoms defining major depression episodes, which would help identify potential tailored interventions. This is the first study to investigate the network structure of VATSPSUD data using both undirected and directed network models.
Environmental economics in Classical Athens
Authors: Economou Emmanouil M. L. , Halkos George E. , Kyriazis Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a series of environmental policies that were implemented by the city-state of Athens during the Classical period (508–323 BCE) through a specific set of environmental institutions. They included: waste management, the implementation of a recycling process regarding animal manure as well as hygiene practices. Special administrative bodies were set up for this purpose with the power to impose heavy fines to offenders, and the actual job of environmental protection was contracted out to private operators. We argue that the success of the Athenian environmental institutions should primarily be attributed to the economic stimuli that the Athenian state provided to their staff so as to perform their duties efficiently, as well as to the imposition of fines and/or other penalties if they provided subpar services. We finally provide proposals as to how the Athenian environmental policies may be seen as an inspiration for our modern societies.
Long‐Wavelength Topography and Multiscale Velocity Heterogeneity at the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Muir Jack B. , Tanaka Satoru , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structure of the lowermost mantle and the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) has profound implications for Earth's evolution and current‐day dynamics. Whilst tomographic studies ofVSshow good agreement in the lowermost mantle, consensus as toVPand especially CMB radius has not yet been reached. We perform a hierarchical Bayesian inversion forVPin the lowermost 300 km of the mantle and the radius of the CMB using differential travel time data. Concurrent with findingVPperturbations of 0.56% RMS amplitude that spatially agree with previous studies in areas of low posterior variance, we find 4.5 km RMS amplitude CMB radius perturbations with a broadly north‐south hemispherical character, with spherical harmonic power evenly distributed between degrees 1–3. These results suggest that CMB radial processes are set by a longer scale process than theVPperturbations.
Connecting Energy Input With Ionospheric Upflow and Outflow
Authors: Glocer A. , Daldorff L. K. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe connection between energy inputs and the generation of ion upflows and outflows is a topic of keen scientific interest and the subject of a number of empirical studies. Despite this interest, it remains uncertain how different ion species respond to energy input, what defines the upper and lower bounds of the ion flux, and what role solar illumination plays in regulating the relationship between energy input and ion upflows/outflows. This work simulates how ion flux scales with low and high altitude energization, and to a combination of both. Furthermore, we examine the influence of solar illumination on these relationships by considering how the scaling of ion flux with energy input changes over the solar cycle, comparing solar minimum and maximum, as well as how they change from day to night conditions. We find O+ flux tends to respond more strongly to energy inputs than H+ flux, with the O+ flux often exhibiting a lower activation energy and a greater dynamic range. The lower bound of the ion flux at 4,000 km is typically defined by the polar wind H+, although O+ upflows can dominate at low altitudes in the presence of significant frictional heating of the ion gas or soft electron precipitation. However, when significant soft electron precipitation and wave‐particle interactions are present simultaneously the lower bound of the ion flux at 4,000 km is defined by the O+. Finally, we find a difference between the steady state response of the outflow to energy input and the peak response.
Detection of an excess of young stars in the Galactic Centre Sagittarius B1 region
Authors: Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Schödel Rainer , Neumayer Nadine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Milky Way’s centre is the closest galaxy nucleus and the most extreme environment in the Galaxy. Although its volume is less than 1% of that of the Galactic Disk, up to 10% of all new stars in the Galaxy in the past 100 Myr formed there. It therefore constitutes a perfect laboratory to understand star formation under extreme conditions, similar to those in starburst or high-redshift galaxies. However, the only two known young clusters in the Galactic Centre account for <10% of the expected young stellar mass. We analyse the star formation history of Sagittarius (Sgr) B1, a Galactic Centre region associated with strong H ii emission, and find evidence for the presence of several 105 solar masses of young stars that formed ~10 Myr ago. We also detect the presence of intermediate-age (2–7 Gyr old) stars in Sgr B1 that seem to be rare (or absent) in the inner regions of the nuclear stellar disk, and might indicate inside-out formation. Our results constitute a large step towards a better understanding of star formation at the Galactic Centre, such as the fate of young clusters, and the possibly different initial mass function in this region.
Observation of conformational changes that underlie the catalytic cycle of Xrn2
Authors: Overbeck Jan H. , Stelzig David , Fuchs Anna-Lisa , Wurm Jan Philip , Sprangers Remco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods that quantitatively probe motions on molecular and atomic levels have propelled the understanding of biomolecular processes for which static structures cannot provide a satisfactory description. In this work, we studied the structure and dynamics of the essential 100-kDa eukaryotic 5′→3′ exoribonuclease Xrn2. A combination of complementary fluorine and methyl-TROSY NMR spectroscopy reveals that the apo enzyme is highly dynamic around the catalytic center. These observed dynamics are in agreement with a transition of the enzyme from the ground state into a catalytically competent state. We show that the conformational equilibrium in Xrn2 shifts substantially toward the active state in the presence of substrate and magnesium. Finally, our data reveal that the dynamics in Xrn2 correlate with the RNA degradation rate, as a mutation that attenuates motions also affects catalytic activity. In that light, our results stress the importance of studies that go beyond static structural information.