bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid artificial neural network technique for the early skin cancer diagnosis using color space conversions of original images
Authors: Tajjour Salwan , Garg Sonia , Chandel Shyam Singh , Sharma Diksha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, an innovative hybrid machine learning‐technique is used for the early skin cancer diagnosis fusing Convolutional Neural Network and Multilayer Perceptron to analyze images and information related to the skin cancer. This information is extracted manually after applying different color space conversions on the original images for better screening of the lesions. The proposed architecture is compared with standalone architecture in addition to some other techniques by commonly used evaluation metrics. HAM10000 dataset is used for training and testing as this data contain seven different skin lesions. The novelty of the proposed hybrid model is the structure of the network which handles structured data (patients' metadata and other useful features from different color spaces related to the illumination, energy, darkness, etc.) and unstructured data (images). The results show an overall 86%, 95% top‐1 and top‐2 accuracy respectively, and 96% area under the curve for the seven classes. The study demonstrates the superiority of the proposed hybrid model with a 2% improvement in the accuracy over the standalone model and a promising behavior as compared to the ensemble techniques. The follow‐up research will include more patient data to develop a skin cancer detection device.
Dysosteosclerosis: Clinical and Radiological Evolution Reflecting Genetic Heterogeneity
Authors: Turan Serap , Mumm Steven , Alavanda Ceren , Kaygusuz Betul Sare , Gurpinar Tosun Busra , Arman Ahmet , Huskey Margaret , Guran Tulay , Duan Shenghui , Bereket Abdullah , Whyte Michael P. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDysosteosclerosis (DSS), the term coined in 1968 for ultrarare dysplasia of the skeleton featuring platyspondyly with focal appendicular osteosclerosis, has become generic by encompassing the genetic heterogeneity recently reported for this phenotype. We studied four unrelated Turkish patients with DSS to advance understanding of the new nosology. Patient 1 suffered femur fractures beginning at age 1 year. DSS was suspected from marked metaphyseal osteosclerosis in early childhood and subsequently platyspondyly accompanying patchy osteosclerosis of her appendicular skeleton. She harbored in SLC29A3, in 2012 the first gene associated with DSS, a unique homozygous duplication (c.303_320dup, p.102_107dupYFESYL). Patient 2 presented similarly with fractures and metaphyseal osteosclerosis but with no platyspondyly at age 2 months. She was homozygous for a novel nonsense mutation in SLC29A3 (c.1284C>G, p.Tyr428*). Patient 3 had ocular disease at age 2 years, presented for short stature at age 11 years, and did not begin to fracture until age 16 years. Radiographs showed mild platyspondyly and focal metaphyseal and femoral osteosclerosis. She was homozygous for a unique splice site mutation in TNFRSF11A (c.616+3A>G). Patient 4 at age 2 years manifested developmental delay and frequent infections but did not fracture. He had unique metadiaphyseal splaying and osteosclerosis, vertebral end‐plate osteosclerosis, and cortical thinning of long bones but no mutation was detected of SLC29A3, TNFRSF11A, TCIRG1, LRRK1, or CSF1R associated with DSS. We find that DSS from defective SLC29A3 presents earliest and with fractures. DSS from compromised TNFRSF11A can lead to optic atrophy as an early finding. Negative mutation analysis in patient 4 suggests further genetic heterogeneity underlying the skeletal phenotype of DSS. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Clinical Challenges in Diagnosis, Tumor Localization and Treatment of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Outcome of a Retrospective Surveillance
Authors: Hidaka Naoko , Koga Minae , Kimura Soichiro , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Kato Hajime , Kinoshita Yuka , Makita Noriko , Nangaku Masaomi , Horiguchi Kazuhiko , Furukawa Yasushi , Ohnaka Keizo , Inagaki Kenichi , Nakagawa Atsushi , Suzuki Atsushi , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Fukumoto Seiji , Nakatani Fumihiko , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an acquired fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-related hypophosphatemic osteomalacia caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs) developed in the bone or soft tissue. Diagnostic delay should be addressed, and ideal techniques to localize PMTs and efficient treatment options should be explored to improve the outcomes of this rare disease. To clarify the detailed clinical course and outcomes of TIO patients, retrospective questionnaire surveys were conducted among physicians from the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR) and the Japan Endocrine Society (JES). The primary survey collected the number of TIO patients between January 2007 and December 2018. The secondary survey aimed to obtain the detailed characteristics, laboratory data, and outcomes. Eighty-eight patients (52 males, mean: 52 years old) were included, and 24 patients were clinically diagnosed with TIO without localized PMTs. The median duration from the onset to detection of high FGF23 levels was 3.4 years, with 77 patients being initially misdiagnosed. Among the methods used to detect small, localized PMTs (≤10 mm), fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy were less sensitive than somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SRPET/CT). Systemic venous sampling (SVS) of FGF23 was performed in 53 patients; among them, SVS was considered useful for detecting localized PMTs in 45 patients with diverse tumor sizes. Finally, 45 patients achieved biochemical remission by surgery, 39 patients continued pharmaceutical treatment, including burosumab (11 patients), and four patients died. These results encouraged us to further increase the awareness of TIO and to improve the accessibility of SRPET/CT and SVS. Further evidence about the efficacy of new pharmaceutical treatments is awaited. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Catalysis-Independent ENPP1 Protein Signaling Regulates Mammalian Bone Mass
Authors: Zimmerman Kristin , Liu Xiaochen , von Kroge Simon , Stabach Paul , Lester Ethan R. , Chu Emily Y. , Srivastava Shivani , Somerman Martha J. , Tommasini Steven M. , Busse Björn , Schinke Thorsten , Carpenter Thomas O. , Oheim Ralf , Braddock Demetrios T. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Biallelic ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency induces vascular/soft tissue calcifications in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), and low bone mass with phosphate-wasting rickets in GACI survivors (autosomal hypophosphatemic rickets type-2). ENPP1 haploinsufficiency induces early-onset osteoporosis and mild phosphate wasting in adults. Both conditions demonstrate the unusual combination of reduced accrual of skeletal mineral, yet excess and progressive heterotopic mineralization. ENPP1 is the only enzyme that generates extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of both bone and heterotopic mineralization. Life-threatening vascular calcification in ENPP1 deficiency is due to decreased plasma PPi; however, the mechanism by which osteopenia results is not apparent from an understanding of the enzyme's catalytic activity. To probe for catalysis-independent ENPP1 pathways regulating bone, we developed a murine model uncoupling ENPP1 protein signaling from ENPP1 catalysis, Enpp1T238A mice. In contrast to Enpp1asj mice, which lack ENPP1, Enpp1T238A mice have normal trabecular bone microarchitecture and favorable biomechanical properties. However, both models demonstrate low plasma Pi and PPi, increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and by 23 weeks, osteomalacia demonstrating equivalent phosphate wasting in both models. Reflecting findings in whole bone, calvarial cell cultures from Enpp1asj mice demonstrated markedly decreased calcification, elevated transcription of Sfrp1, and decreased nuclear β-catenin signaling compared to wild-type (WT) and Enpp1T238A cultures. Finally, the decreased calcification and nuclear β-catenin signaling observed in Enpp1asj cultures was restored to WT levels by knockout of Sfrp1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that catalysis-independent ENPP1 signaling pathways regulate bone mass via the expression of soluble Wnt inhibitors such as secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), whereas catalysis dependent pathways regulate phosphate homeostasis through the regulation of plasma FGF23. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Buettmann Evan G. , Goldscheitter Galen M. , Hoppock Gabriel A. , Friedman Michael A. , Suva Larry J. , Donahue Henry J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDisuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short-term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross-linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar-canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age-related and disuse-induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sense of community, meaning in life, and satisfaction with life among Ultra‐Orthodox Jews: A mediation model
Authors: Klonover Eyal , Maytles Ruth , Trachtingot Itschak , Bergman Yoav S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Ultra‐Orthodox community in Israel, characterized by close‐knit ties and strong community values, has been particularly vulnerable to COVID‐19, both epidemiologically and socially. Accordingly, the current study examined whether the connection between the sense of community and life satisfaction in this population is mediated by meaning in life (MIL). Three hundred and fifty‐eight Ultra‐Orthodox participants (age range: 30−70; M = 49.50, SD = 10.24) filled out scales assessing MIL, sense of community, and satisfaction with life (SWL), as well as sociodemographic and COVID‐19‐related scales. Sense of community was linked with increased MIL and life satisfaction. Moreover, the connection between sense of community and life satisfaction was mediated by MIL. This study highlights the roles of sense of community and MIL for Ultra‐Orthodox individuals and emphasizes the importance of both concepts for maintaining SWL during COVID‐19. Practical implications for Ultra‐Orthodox communities are suggested.
Training competencies in adult metabolic medicine: A survey of working adult metabolic medicine physicians
Authors: Sirrs Sandra , Fabbro Elisa , Sechi Annalisa ,   for the SSIEM Adult Metabolic Medicine Training Competencies Working Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rapid expansion of the number of adult patients with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) has created demand for physicians with expertise in the field of adult metabolic medicine (AMM). Unfortunately, existing accredited training programs in this field are rare, and training programs in pediatric metabolic medicine cannot fully meet the needs of AMM physicians as the types of patients and the problems they face are different in the adult setting. We surveyed a group of working practitioners in AMM for input on what medical expert competencies they feel should be included as part of training programs in AMM. Through a modified Delphi process, 66 physicians from six continents reached consensus on a comprehensive list of training competencies in AMM. This list includes competencies from the fields of adult internal medicine, neurology, medical genetics, and pediatric metabolic medicine but also includes competencies not found in any of those programs, leading to the conclusion that the training needs for specialists in AMM cannot be met from any of these existing programs. We propose that AMM be considered a subspecialty separate from pediatric metabolic medicine and that accredited training programs in AMM be created using these medical expert competencies as part of a broader program design.
Robustness of fecal DNA spatial capture‐recapture to clustered space‐use by tule elk
Authors: Batter Thomas J. , Bush Joshua P. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpatially explicit capture‐recapture (SCR) approaches using noninvasive fecal DNA (fDNA) are applied increasingly to obtain statistically robust abundance estimates for various wildlife species. But SCR has not been widely used for more gregarious species, such as elk (Cervus canadensis). Because of their heterogeneous use of the landscape and grouping behavior, elk present novel challenges to sampling efficiency and statistical assumptions. We employed fDNA SCR and a stratified random sampling approach to estimate abundance in 3 northern California tule elk (C. c. nannodes) populations concurrent with global positioning system (GPS)‐telemetry monitoring of 66 elk (32 male, 34 female) in Colusa and Lake counties, California, USA, during June–August 2017–2019. We collected 1,616 fecal pellet groups from the 3 populations, resulting in 1,002 fDNA genotypes (≥19 microsatellite loci, 1 sex marker) of 425 unique individuals. Based on SCR estimates from a model incorporating both sexes, elk density ranged from 0.31 (95% CI = 0.17–0.55) elk/km2to 1.7 (95% CI = 1.3–2.2) elk/km2, translating approximately to 650 individuals (evenly split between sexes) among the 3 populations. Independent telemetry data from concurrently tracked individuals indicated that activity centers of females, but not males, were clustered on the landscape. This finding was corroborated using fDNA to infer activity centers. Comparison of SCR estimates to non‐spatial estimates using physically captured individuals suggested that combined‐sex SCR models were robust to spatial clustering of females in all 3 populations. Additionally, single‐sex models were robust to female clustering in the 2 populations with multiple female groups, but not in Lake Pillsbury, where all females effectively shared a single activity center. In that case, the estimate of female abundance was deemed an overestimate. Thus, results indicate that SCR was robust to gregariousness in elk in all but the most extreme cases of clustering (single‐sex female estimation when all individuals share a single activity center), and that the inclusion of both sexes was sufficient to offset biases stemming from aggregation of females in all cases. Altogether, our findings suggest that SCR methods can be gainfully applied to socially gregarious ungulates such as elk.
Preliminary study to determine an optimal mode for favorable residual hearing at low frequencies: Full electrical stimulation, electric acoustic stimulation, and electrical complement
Authors: Jang Jeong Hun , Kim Hantai , Choo Oak‐Sung , Ha Jungho , Mun Hyoung Ah , Park Hun Yi , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this prospective study, each subject experienced three modes electric acoustic stimulation (EAS), full electrical stimulation (FES), and electrical complement (EC), and the performance of each mode and subject preference were evaluated.MethodsEight ears (seven patients) with successfully preserved residual hearing after cochlear implantation (CI) were included. EAS, FES, and EC programs were set up on each patient's device, and each mode was used for at least 1 h per day for a month. The Speech Intelligibility test, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale, and the Hearing in Noise test (HINT) results in each stimulation mode.ResultsThe mean monosyllabic word score (EAS: 90.3 ± 4.0; FES: 81.2 ± 16.1) and the mean sentence score (EAS: 98.3 ± 1.7; FES: 95.0 ± 3.0) were significantly higher in the EAS mode than in the FES mode. The mean bisyllabic word score (EAS: 95.6 ± 5.6; EC: 90.1 ± 5.6) was higher in the EAS mode than in the EC mode. In HINT, the signal‐to‐noise ratios under the noise front (EAS: 4.7 ± 2.5; FES: 7.9 ± 4.4) and noise composite conditions (EAS: 4.2 ± 2.7; FES: 6.6 ± 4.0) were significantly smaller in the EAS mode than in the FES mode. After trials of the three modes, five subjects preferred EAS, one preferred EC, and two preferred FES.ConclusionAmong the three stimulation modes, EAS produced slightly better results, and subjects generally preferred EAS (five of seven patients, 71.4%). The use of hearing aids before CI was considered an important factor in mode preference. FES may be preferred when CI was performed at a young age and subjects had little experience with hearing aids. However, adults may prefer EC over EAS if there was little or no hearing‐aid use before CI.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloy under different accelerated corrosion tests
Authors: Huang Youcong , Zheng Zhongnan , Fu Zhiwei , Zhang Ying , Xu Jun , Chen Shaokang , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloys under different accelerated corrosion tests including seawater corrosion, soil corrosion, and stray current corrosion was investigated. Results showed that the icorr value gradually increased with the increase of NaCl/Na2SO4 concentration, indicating a worsening corrosion resistance of Ti‐3Mo alloy. The presence of stray current seriously destroyed the oxide film on the sample surface, and inhibited the regeneration of oxide film, thereby resulting in the deterioration of corrosion resistance. Besides this, the potential difference between duplex phases was prone to form a microgalvanic coupling, which promoted the dissolution of local regions.
Development and Validation of a Fall Questionnaire for Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Frank Anika , Bendig Jonas , Finkbeiner Sophia , Hähnel Tom , Schnalke Nils , Feige Tim , Reichmann Heinz , Falkenburger Björn H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Parkinson's disease, postural instability and falls are of particular socioeconomic relevance. Although effective fall prevention and the prophylaxis of fall‐related injuries depend on low‐threshold symptom monitoring, validated instruments are lacking.ObjectivesTo develop a self‐report questionnaire for the assessment of falls, near falls, fear of falling, fall‐related injuries, and causes of falls for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).MethodsA pool of potential items was generated from a literature review and by discussion in an expert panel. The first version of the Dresden Fall Questionnaire (DREFAQ) was tested in a group of German‐speaking movement disorder specialists as well as PwPD. The resulting 5‐item questionnaire was assessed in a validation cohort of 36 PwPD who documented fall events and near‐fall events in a calendar for 3 months and completed the DREFAQ at the end of the study. The questionnaire was subsequently used in a separate cohort of 46 PwPD to determine test–retest reliability and confirm the factor structure.ResultsThe DREFAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.86). The total DREFAQ score showed good concurrent validity with fall events (Spearman's ρ = 0.82) and near‐fall events (Spearman's ρ = 0.78) as determined by fall and near‐fall diaries. Factor analysis revealed a 2‐factor structure composed of near falls with fear of falling and severe falls with injuries.ConclusionsThe DREFAQ is a reliable and valid 5‐item questionnaire for determining the incidence of falls, near falls, fear of falling, fall‐related injuries, and causes of falls in PwPD.
Dispersion of soybean flour in dicyclopentadiene resin for thermoset composite using the ultrasonic‐assisted method
Authors: Ma Fei , Zhang Yuehong , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Liu Leipeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermosetting composites based on dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) in the presence of Grubbs' catalyst and soybean flour were prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Soybean flour/DCPD suspensions were sonicated to enhance the dispersion degree before adding catalyst. The curing extent, thermal‐mechanical properties, morphology and thermal stability of the cured soybean flour/DCPD composites were systematically investigated using Soxhlet extraction, DSC, DMA, TMA, tensile test, SEM, and TGA. The results showed that the tensile strength of the soybean flour/DCPD composites increased from 60.7 MPa to 75.8 MPa with the increase of soybean flour loading from 0% to 25%, and the Tg obtained from DMA also showed an increasing trend from 129.4°C to 155.1°C. Overall, the introduction of soybean flour into DCPD resin improved the thermal‐mechanical properties of the composite and offered decreased cost and enhanced bio‐based content.
Investigation of the properties of PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber reinforced PA6/PA610 composites
Authors: Artykbaeva Elnura , Ucpinar Durmaz Bedriye , Aksoy (Golshaei) Pelin (Parisa) , Aytac Ayse 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyamide (PA) is the mostwidely used type of semi‐crystalline polymer among engineering plastics, with its low density and high mechanical properties. But the high moisture absorption of PA6 limits its use in some areas. Blending and the addition of reinforcement can decrease the moisture absorption value of PA6. In this research, the PA6/PA610 blends and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PA6/PA610 composites were fabricated, and the features of these blends‐composites were examined. The blends and composites were produced by using extrusion and injection molding methods and characterized by water absorption (WA) test, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The loading rates of GF were used as 10–20‐ 30–40 wt%. According to the tensile test consequences, the highest increase in the tensile strength for the composites was observed at 30% GF ratio. DMA results demonstrated an increase in loss modulus and storage with the increasing fiber amount. It is observed that the WA value of neat PA6 was diminished by blending with PA610 and adding an increasing amount of GF.