bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal risk score: Initiation and model validation for 6,762 teeth
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Tattan Mustafa , Troiano Giuseppe , Dukka Himabindu , Ravidà Andrea , Levine Robert , Wang Hom‐Lay , Miller Preston D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTooth‐level prognostic systems are valuable tools for treatment planning and risk assessment of periodontally involved teeth. Recently the Miller‒McEntire prognosis index was found to outperform comparable systems. However, it had some limitations. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate the prognostic performance of a modified version that addresses most limitations of the previous model called the periodontal risk score (PRS).MethodsData were retrieved retrospectively from patients who received surgical and non‐surgical periodontal treatment at a university setting. Data on medical history and smoking status at baseline and the last maintenance visit were collected. Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the prognostic capability for predicting tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) risk.ResultsA total of 6762 teeth (281 patients) were followed up for a mean period of 22.6 ± 6.34 (10–47.6y) years. The PRS was successfully able to stratify the risk of TLP at baseline when the three different classes of association were compared for anterior and/or posterior tooth loss. After controlling for maintenance, age, and sex, the index showed an excellent predictive capacity for TLP with a Harrell C‐index of 0.947.ConclusionsThe periodontal risk score (PRS) displayed excellent predictive capability for anterior as well as posterior tooth loss due to periodontitis. This system was able to predict long‐term tooth loss with a very high accuracy in a population treated mainly by dental students and periodontics residents. The use of this/similar prognosis system is advisable as a means to establish tooth prognosis.
Influence of storage conditions on the quality of semi‐defatted chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour
Authors: Guiotto Estefania N. , Nolasco Susana M. , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis research evaluates the effects of storage conditions on the quality of the semi‐defatted chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour (SDCF), a by‐product from chia seed oil by cold pressing extraction with high nutritional value. For this purpose, SDCF was packaged in different types of packaging materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), metalized biaxially oriented polypropylene films (BOPP), and triple kraft (K) and stored at 4 ± 1 and 20 ± 2°C for 240 days. Moisture content, fatty acids composition by GC, tocopherol content by HPLC, total phenolic content (TPC), and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assays by spectrophotometry were determined. Oxidative stability was monitored by peroxide values (PV), induction time (Rancimat), and free fatty acids content (FFA).ResultsMoisture content was below 9% during storage, and the fatty acids profile was stable under different storage conditions. The TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity, γ‐ and δ‐ tocopherol contents decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with storage time; PV were lower than 10 meq O2/Kg oil under the studied parameters and the oxidative stability showed the highest level at 4 ± 1°C. The FFA content was <2% at 4 ± 1°C, overpassing this level after 120 days at 20 ± 2°C. SDCF showed a low microbial activity, which could be due to tocopherols and phenolic compounds.ConclusionsTemperature and storage time had a significant influence on the quality of SDCF being BOPP packaging at 4 ± 1°C is the most effective method for their preservation from deteriorative processes.
Neoadjuvant therapy for melanoma: A critical appraisal
Authors: McKinley Sophia K. , Brady Mary S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe treatment of advanced melanoma has significantly changed since the development of targeted and immune therapy. To date, these agents have primarily been used in the adjuvant or metastatic setting. Given several theoretical advantages, there is increased interest in the use of these new therapeutics in the neoadjuvant setting. In this review, we detail the potential benefits and pitfalls of neoadjuvant therapy for melanoma, review the currently available data, and describe ongoing neoadjuvant trials.
The Sommerlad–Furlow Modified Palatoplasty Technique: Postoperative Complications and Implicating Factors
Authors: Sakran Karim Ahmed , Wu Min , Alkebsi Khaled , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Al‐Rokhami Remsh Khaled , Wang Yan , Mohamed Abdo Ahmed , Elayah Sadam Ahmed , Al‐Sharani Hesham Mohammed , Huang Hanyao , Shi Bing 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the incidence of postoperative complications and investigate the impact of preselected factors on functional and quality of life outcomes following the Sommerlad–Furlow modified palatoplasty technique.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsA total of 429 patients with cleft palate, who received Sommerlad–Furlow modified technique between 2011–2017 were enrolled. The postoperative complications including oronasal fistula (ONF), velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), and inadequate quality of life (QOL) were collected. Data of preselected factors including gender, age at palatoplasty, cleft type, cleft width, palatal width, pharyngeal cavity depth, and operation duration were also collected.ResultsAmong 429 patients, 40.1% were males whereas 59.9% were females. The mean age at palatoplasty was 1.23 ± 0.69 (0.42–4) years, and the average cleft width was 10.15 ± 2.95 (4–27) mm. The cleft types had recorded rates of about 6.8%, 69.5%, 17.7%, and 6.1% of Veau I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The overall incidence rates of ONF, VPI, and inadequate QOL were 2.3%, 19.4%, and 31.3%, respectively. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, the cleft type was significantly implicated in ONF formation (p = 0.023 and 0.032, respectively) whereas the velopharyngeal function was impacted by the palatoplasty age (p ˂ 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that age of palatoplasty ≥1.3 years (area under the curve = 0.611, p = 0.002) was the cutoff value for predicting the incidence of VPI.ConclusionsThe Sommerlad–Furlow modified technique appears to have appropriate postoperative outcomes, even in the wide cleft palate. The older age at palatoplasty has a major impact on the overall postoperative outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:822–829, 2023
Optimizing Botox regimens in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and essential tremor of voice: A 31‐year experience
Authors: Stone Amy , Powell Maria E. , Hamers Kaitlyn , Fletcher K. Charles , Francis David O. , Courey Mark S. , Netterville James L. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for mitigating undesirable weak/breathy voice quality and dysphagia for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and/or essential tremor of voice (ETV).MethodsData were collected from the medical records of 319 patients, yielding three treatment cohorts: patients who received an equal dose bilateral injection regimen (BL=) throughout their course of treatment at VUMC, patients who switched to a unilateral injection regimen (UL), and patients who switched to an unequal dose bilateral injection regimen (BL≠). Changes in length of improvement, duration of weak/breathy voice, and dysphagia severity were compared.ResultsThe BL = treatment group reported the longest duration of improved voice. Shorter periods of improved voice were reported at baseline by patients who later switched to UL or BL ≠ injection regimens. Patients receiving UL injections reported significantly reduced weak/breathy voice and dysphagia. Patients receiving BL ≠ injections reported increased length of improved voice; however, dysphagia symptoms increased. Ninety‐two percent of patients with ETV switched to a UL regimen, with 61% of patients transitioning within the first three injections.ConclusionsPatients with pronounced dysphagia and extended periods of weak/breathy voice may benefit from a UL injection approach to mitigate side effects from BTX‐A without sacrificing improved voice outcomes. For patients seeking to extend their length of improved voice, a BL ≠ injection regimen may be effective provided the adverse side effects from BTX‐A are minimal. Patients with ETV may benefit from a UL injection approach at the outset of their course of treatment with BTX‐A.Level of evidenceIII.
Biological influences on coastal muddy sediment structure following resuspension
Authors: Clemo William Cyrus , Giles Katelyn D. , Dorgan Kelly M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShallow coastal muddy sediments are important for global nutrient cycling and carbon storage and provide a habitat for diverse communities of organisms. Bottom shear stress from physical disturbances such as storms and hurricanes resuspend coastal muds, disrupting their cohesive structure. How biological vs. physical processes affect reconsolidation of physically disturbed natural muds, however, is poorly understood. We compare the recovery of sediment properties related to compaction and cohesion of muds following physical disturbance. We hypothesized that recovery of cohesion would take longer than compaction and that changes in surface and subsurface cohesion would occur on different timescales. We collected muddy sediment cores and resuspended the top 5 cm in the lab to simulate storm disturbance. At several timepoints following resuspension (1–30 d), we measured sediment properties providing metrics of compaction (sediment height, porosity, grain size distribution, sound speed) and of surface and subsurface cohesion (erodibility, fracture behavior, exopolymeric substances [EPS]). Compaction and cohesion increased rapidly over the first 1–2 d after resuspension and continued to slowly increase for 2 weeks. Between 2 and 4 weeks, however, subsurface cohesion increased and turbidity decreased, consistent with sediment restabilization. In contrast, subsurface compaction decreased and eroded mass increased, suggesting destabilization. We attribute this apparent destabilization to delayed activity of small‐bodied infauna. Surprisingly, EPS concentration did not explain cohesion changes. These results highlight the importance of including biological parameters when predicting the recovery of sediment structure following a physical disturbance. This work has implications for understanding coastal sediment transport dynamics in frequently disturbed sediments.
Increased Drug‐Loading Enhances the Activity of Ellipticine in Poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) Methacrylamide) PHPMA‐Based Polymeric Micelles in 2D and 3D Cancer Cell Models
Authors: Al‐Nakashli Russul Mamdooh , Cao Cheng , Raveendran Radhika , Lu Hongxu , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymeric micelles are widely used as multifunctional drug carriers of poorly water‐soluble drugs, but the role of drug loading content is often overlooked. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cellular uptake and penetration of polymeric micelles with different drug loading contents and their effects on biological activities. In this study, poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid)‐block‐poly methyl methacrylate P(HPMA‐co‐MAA)‐b‐PMMA micelles are used as a nanocarrier for the encapsulation of the potent anticancer agent ellipticine (EPT). The micelles are loaded with various amounts of EPT and the physicochemical characteristics such as particle size, morphology, and zeta potential of blank and EPT loaded nanoparticles are studied. Moreover, fluorescent lifetime studies confirm that hydrophobic EPT is indeed in the PMMA micelle core. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using the glioma cell line U87MG reveal lower IC50 values when the cells are incubated with micelle with high drug loading content. The higher toxicity in micelles with higher drug loading content is associated with higher cellular uptake, which is monitored using laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Moreover, higher activity of micelles with higher drug loading is also observed in U87MG multicellular tumor spheroids although the difference is not significant.
Guangsangon E triggers mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy in triple‐negative breast cancer and leads to non‐apoptotic cell death
Authors: Shen Yuhang , Han Zhuo , Wang Luping , Liang Yan , Zhang Xiaoyong , Li Wei , Li Shouxin , Tian Jingkui , Han Haote 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGuangsangon E (GSE) is a natural product separated from Morus alba L. It has been reported to treat lung cancer through autophagy. However, whether GSE is effective in repressing triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, GSE inhibited cell growth of MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐453, and MDA‐MB‐468 cells. Moreover, GSE induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including membrane potential loss, mitochondria fission, and reactive oxygen species accumulation, and finally led to mitophagy‐related non‐apoptotic cell death. In the xenograft tumor nude mice, GSE treatment significantly reduced the size and weight of MDA‐MB‐231 tumors. The tumor inhibition rates of GSE treatment were 49.68% (low‐dose) and 48.73% (high‐dose). In summary, GSE is a potential anticancer drug available for treating TNBC with apoptosis resistance.
Review: PD‐L1 as an emerging target in the treatment and prevention of keratinocytic skin cancer
Authors: Vaishampayan Prajakta , Curiel‐Lewandrowski Clara , Dickinson Sally E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the understanding and targeting of immune checkpoints have led to great progress in immune therapies against many forms of cancer. While many types of immune checkpoints are currently targeted in the clinic, this review will focus on recent research implicating the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) axis as an emerging focus for the treatment of keratinocytic tumors. PD‐L1 is of particular interest in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as it is not only upregulated in these tumors but is stimulated by environmental ultraviolet exposure. This response may also make PD‐L1 an excellent target for photochemoprevention using topically applied small molecule inhibitors. Here, we summarize recent investigations on PD‐L1 expression and clinically relevant immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small molecule agents targeting PD‐L1 that may be useful for clinical development aiming at treatment or prevention of NMSC.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment Predicts the Short‐Term Risk of Lewy Body Disease in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder with Reduced MIBG Scintigraphy
Authors: Miyamoto Masayuki , Miyamoto Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term follow‐up of isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) patients reveals a high risk of α‐synucleinopathies.ObjectiveWe explored the early clinical predictive factors of phenoconversion from IRBD to Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsWe assessed baseline office‐based cognitive test scores (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA‐J], Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE], and Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), motor function, and olfactory function in 36 consecutive polysomnography (PSG)‐confirmed IRBD patients with reduced metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) accumulation. PD or DLB was confirmed by medical chart review retrospectively.ResultsOf 36 IRBD patients, 19 (n = 19, 52.8%) with abnormal MoCA‐J score (< 26) had significantly lower scores in trail making B, phonetic verbal fluency sub‐items in the executive domain, and in delayed recall in the memory domain. In total, 12 (33.3%) patients developed PD or DLB; seven of 12 patients (58.3%) developed DLB at a mean follow‐up period of 6.8 years. In the normal MoCA‐J group (n = 17, 47.2%), two patients developed PD, but none developed dementia. Furthermore, in the abnormal MoCA‐J group, seven patients developed DLB and three developed PD without dementia. The phenoconverter group had significantly lower scores in delayed recall in the memory domain compared to the disease‐free group. Cox hazard analysis showed that MoCA‐J was superior to MMSE.ConclusionsAmong IRBD patients with reduced cardiac MIBG accumulation, MoCA‐J score of <26 (Mild Cognitive Impairment‐Lewy body) and a low sub‐item score for delayed recall predicted short‐term progression to probable DLB.
Multicomponent MR fingerprinting reconstruction using joint‐sparsity and low‐rank constraints
Authors: Nagtegaal Martijn , Hartsema Emiel , Koolstra Kirsten , Vos Frans 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop an efficient algorithm for multicomponent MR fingerprinting (MC‐MRF) reconstructions directly from highly undersampled data without making prior assumptions about tissue relaxation times and expected number of tissues.MethodsThe proposed method reconstructs MC‐MRF maps from highly undersampled data by iteratively applying a joint‐sparsity constraint to the estimated tissue components. Intermediate component maps are obtained by a low‐rank multicomponent alternating direction method of multipliers (MC‐ADMM) including the non‐negativity of tissue weights as an extra regularization term. Over iterations, the used dictionary compression is adjusted. The proposed method (k‐SPIJN) is compared with a two‐step approach in which image reconstruction and multicomponent estimations are performed sequentially and tested in numerical simulations and in vivo by applying different undersampling factors in eight healthy volunteers. In the latter case, fully sampled data serves as the reference.ResultsThe proposed method shows improved precision and accuracy in simulations compared with a state‐of‐art sequential approach. Obtained in vivo magnetization fraction maps for different tissue types show reduced systematic errors and reduced noise‐like effects. Root mean square errors in estimated magnetization fraction maps significantly reduce from 13.0% 5.8% with the conventional, two‐step approach to 9.6% 3.9% and 9.6% 3.2% with the proposed MC‐ADMM and k‐SPIJN methods, respectively. Mean standard deviation in homogeneous white matter regions reduced significantly from 8.6% to 2.9% (two step vs. k‐SPIJN).ConclusionThe proposed MC‐ADMM and k‐SPIJN reconstruction methods estimate MC‐MRF maps from highly undersampled data resulting in improved image quality compared with the existing method.
The future is 2D: spectral‐temporal fitting of dynamic MRS data provides exponential gains in precision over conventional approaches
Authors: Tal Assaf 
Published: September 2022

PurposeMany MRS paradigms produce 2D spectral‐temporal datasets, including diffusion‐weighted, functional, and hyperpolarized and enriched (carbon‐13, deuterium) experiments. Conventionally, temporal parameters—such as T2, T1, or diffusion constants—are assessed by first fitting each spectrum independently and subsequently fitting a temporal model (1D fitting). We investigated whether simultaneously fitting the entire dataset using a single spectral‐temporal model (2D fitting) would improve the precision of the relevant temporal parameter.MethodsWe derived a Cramer Rao lower bound for the temporal parameters for both 1D and 2D approaches for 2 experiments: a multi‐echo experiment designed to estimate metabolite T2s, and a functional MRS experiment designed to estimate fractional change () in metabolite concentrations. We investigated the dependence of the relative standard deviation (SD) of T2 in multi‐echo and in functional MRS.ResultsWhen peaks were spectrally distant, 2D fitting improved precision by approximately 20% relative to 1D fitting, regardless of the experiment and other parameter values. These gains increased exponentially as peaks drew closer. Dependence on temporal model parameters was weak to negligible.ConclusionOur results strongly support a 2D approach to MRS fitting where applicable, and particularly in nuclei such as hydrogen and deuterium, which exhibit substantial spectral overlap.
Flow–recruitment relationships for Shoal Chub and implications for managing environmental flows
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Acre Matthew R. , Ellard Johnathan K. , Rodger Anthony W. , Trungale Joeseph F. , Winemiller Kirk O. , Yancy Lauren E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Regulation of river flow regimes by dams and diversions impacts aquatic biota and ecosystems globally. However, our understanding of the ecological consequences of flow alteration and ecological benefits of flow restoration lags behind our ability to manipulate flows, and there is a need for broader development of flow–ecology relationships. Approaches for establishing flow–ecology relationships have recently shifted away from state-based methods that analyze snapshots of ecological conditions and towards rate-based methods focused on mechanisms that link hydrology with dynamics of important ecological components and processes.

Methods
We used a rate-based approach to validate environmental flow standards developed for the lower Brazos River, Texas, by analyzing the relationship between flow regime components and recruitment strength of imperiled Shoal Chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma, a fluvial specialist and pelagic-broadcast-spawning fish. We collected 254 age-0 Shoal Chub (9–40 mm total length), extracted their otoliths to estimate age in days, and used a generalized additive model to regress the number of captured recruits that hatched on a calendar date against flow regime metrics, such as pulse magnitude, flow rate of change, and pulse timing in relation to environmental flow standards proposed by a science advisory committee (Brazos Basin and Bay Area Expert Science Team).

Result
The model revealed that flow magnitude, rate of change, and timing were all significant predictors that collectively explained 60% of variation in the recruitment strength index. Hindcasting for 1919–2020 showed a general reduction in recruitment strength following commencement of flow regulation in the lower Brazos River and revealed that high recruitment correlated with years in which most or all proposed flow tiers were attained, whereas low recruitment correlated with years when less than half of the targeted tiers were attained.

Conclusion
Our work represents an effective validation method for environmental flow recommendations and reveals specific flow regimes that benefit an imperiled fish species.
Social Fish-Tancing in Wisconsin: The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Statewide License Sales and Fishing Effort in Northern Inland Lakes
Authors: Trudeau Ashley , Beardmore Ben , Gerrish Gretchen A. , Sass Greg G. , Jensen Olaf P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was associated with an “anthropause” in many industries, initially reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other negative anthropogenic influences. However, outdoor recreation has exploded in popularity in response to closures of indoor recreation options, increased free time, and/or increased levels of stress. We tested for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sale of fishing licenses in Wisconsin and on vehicle counts that were observed at public lake access points in Vilas County, Wisconsin, in 2020. In the summer of 2020, fishing license sales in Wisconsin, USA, increased, particularly among first-time license purchasers for whom cumulative sales in 2020 increased by 71% and 35% compared with the previous 5-year average for Wisconsin residents and nonresidents, respectively. Changes in the vehicle counts at lake access points in the summer of 2020 varied considerably by lake. However, lakes with greater proportions of public shoreline experienced pandemic-associated increases in lake visitors. Our results suggest that the distribution of recreational fishing effort in Wisconsin changed during the pandemic, potentially placing additional harvest pressures on hot spot inland lakes.