bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young patients’ self-reported fear compared to professionals’ assessments during invasive and non-invasive dental visits: a prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Krekmanova L. , Sotirianou M. , Sabel N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose was to study young patients’ self-reports on dental fear over a 5-year period, prospectively. Also, to compare these to professionals’ proxy reports for dental fear during invasive and non-invasive dental visits. The research question was, to what extent the self-reports and dental professionals’ proxy reports are congruent, and if there were patient age-dependent differences.

Methods
3134 patients from 11 public dental clinics, representing urban and rural areas, were invited. Four age cohorts were formed: 3, 7, 11, and 15 years of age and followed between the years 2008 and 2012. Dental examinations (non-invasive) and restorative treatments + extractions (invasive) were registered. During the treatments, self-reports regarding fear and professional proxy reports were registered: Not afraid at all = 0, little nervous = 1, quite afraid = 2, very scared = 3, terrified = 4.

Results
2363 patients completed the cohort periods (51% girls and 49% boys). In all, 9708 dental examinations, restorations and extractions were performed. The fear prevalence increased with the invasiveness of the dental procedure; 7–56%. For dental examinations and restorations, fear declined with ascending age. The highest fear prevalence was reported for dental extractions. Younger children reported fear more frequently than older children, p < 0.001. Frequent inconsistencies between self-reports and proxy reports were observed among the younger children (16%) compared to the older children (8%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion
Non-congruence was observed for self-reports and proxy reports regarding all age cohorts.
Acute effect of traditional and adaptive metronomes on gait variability in older individuals with a history of falls
Authors: Cronström Anna , Cole Michael H. , Chalkley Daniel , Van Andel Steven , Pepping Gert-Jan , Creaby Mark W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Metronome cueing has been shown to reduce gait variability and thereby potentially reduce falls risk in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. It is unclear however, if metronome cueing has a similar effect in healthy older adults with a history of falls.

Aim
To investigate whether a traditional and/or an adaptive metronome, based on an individual’s gait pattern, were effective in reducing gait variability in older adults with a history of falls.

Methods
Twenty older adults (15 women, 71 ± 4.9 years) with a history of falls were included in this cross-over study. Participants received two types of cueing (adaptive and traditional metronome) 1 week apart. The variability of the participants’ stride time, stride length, walking speed and duration of double leg support were recorded during three walking conditions (baseline, during feedback and post-feedback gait). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess the possible effects of the two cueing strategies on gait variables.

Results
Compared with the baseline condition, participants had significantly increased stride time variability during feedback (F (2) = 9.83, p < 0.001) and decreased double leg support time variability post-feedback (F (2) 3.69, p = 0.034). Increased stride time variability was observed with the adaptive metronome in comparison to the traditional metronome.

Conclusion
Metronome cueing strategies may reduce double leg support variability in older adults with a history of falls but seem to increase stride time variability. Further studies are needed to investigate if metronome cueing is more beneficial for individuals with greater baseline gait variability than those included in the current study.
Safe and Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by an Amide-Based Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Wanbao , Bo Yiyang , Li Deping , Liang Yihong , Zhang Jichuan , Cao Miaomiao , Guo Ruitian , Zhu Zhenye , Ci Lijie , Li Mingyu , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: January 2022

Highlights

A novel amide-based nonflammable electrolyte is proposed. The formation mechanism and solvation chemistry are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory.

An inorganic/organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase with an abundance of LiF, Li3N and Li–N–C is in situ formed, leading to spherical lithium deposition.

The amide-based electrolyte can enable stable cycling performance at room temperature and 60 ℃.

Abstract
The formation of lithium dendrites and the safety hazards arising from flammable liquid electrolytes have seriously hindered the development of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. Herein, an emerging amide-based electrolyte is proposed, containing LiTFSI and butyrolactam in different molar ratios. 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylether and fluoroethylene carbonate are introduced into the amide-based electrolyte as counter solvent and additives. The well-designed amide-based electrolyte possesses nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, high thermal stability and electrochemical stability (> 4.7 V). Besides, an inorganic/organic-rich solid electrolyte interphase with an abundance of LiF, Li3N and Li–N–C is in situ formed, leading to spherical lithium deposition. The formation mechanism and solvation chemistry of amide-based electrolyte are further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. When applied in Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 cathode, the amide-based electrolyte can enable stable cycling performance at room temperature and 60 ℃. This study provides a new insight into the development of amide-based electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption of engineered epoxy nanocomposites with the assistance of polyaniline fillers
Authors: Guo Jiang , Chen Zhuoran , Xu Xiaojian , Li Xu , Liu Hu , Xi Shaohua , Abdul Waras , Wu Qing , Zhang Pei , Xu Ben Bin , Zhu Jianfeng , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, the engineered polyaniline (PANI)/epoxy composites reinforced with PANI-M (physical mixture of PANI spheres and fibers) exhibit significantly enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performance and mechanical property. Due to the synergistic effect of PANI fillers with different geometries, the reflection loss of 10.0 wt% PANI-M/epoxy could reach − 36.8 dB at 17.7 GHz. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties (including tensile strength, toughness, and flexural strength) of PANI/epoxy were systematically studied. Compared with pure epoxy, the tensile strength of epoxy with 2.0 wt% PANI-M was improved to 86.2 MPa. Moreover, the PANI spheres (PANI-S) and PANI fibers (PANI-F) were prepared by the chemical oxidation polymerization method and interface polymerization method, respectively. The characterizations including scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X-ray diffraction were applied to analyze the morphology and chemical and crystal structures of PANI filler. This work could provide the guideline for the preparation of advanced engineered epoxy nanocomposites for electromagnetic wave pollution treatment.
Graphical abstract
Development of a saprophytic fungal inoculum for the biodegradation of sub-bituminous coal
Authors: Nsa Imade Yolanda , Akinyemi Busayo Tosin , Bello-Akinosho Maryam , Ezechukwu Simon Nnamdi , Bayode Tomisin Bridget , Igbinigie Eric Egbe , Adeleke Rasheed Adegbola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rhizospheres of the weeds Ageratum conyzoides, Axonopus compressus, Emilia coccinea, Synedrella nodiflora, Urena lobata and Sida acuta from a sub-bituminous coal mining site and a control site, without coal discards, were screened for new fungi with ability to degrade sub-bituminous coal in the laboratory. The isolates were identified by cultural and molecular methods. Seventeen out of the sixty-one fungal isolates tested could utilize sub-bituminous coal as an energy source. Upon further evaluation, only seven of these were promising candidates for coal biodegradation, and they were assayed for their biosolubilization and depolymerization activities to determine their mechanisms of coal biodegradation. Based on the accumulation of humic acid (HA), which is the marker for biosolubilization, Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus tubingensis were the most active. On the other hand, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Simplicillium subtropicum, Penicillium daleae and Trichoderma koningiopsis were the highest producers of fulvic acid (FA), the indicator of depolymerization. Purpureocillium lilacinum produced the lowest yields of both HA and FA compared to the other six coal-degrading candidates. The presence of laccase in Trichoderma koningiopsis, Penicillium daleae and Simplicillium subtropicum suggests a role for this enzyme in the enhancement of the coal biodegradation process. However, the inability to amplify the laccase gene in Cunninghamella bertholletiae indicates that another enzyme probably aids its coal bioconversion. The current investigation highlights the potentials of these strains in harnessing biotechnological processes of sub-bituminous coal conversion into value-added products, which could be extended to the bioremediation of coal-polluted soils. The fungi with the highest coal bioconversion capabilities belonged to Ascomycota and Zygomycota and were found in the rhizospheres of the weeds Emilia coccinea, Ageratum conyzoides and Axonopus compressus.
Estimating the Gait Speed of Older Adults in Smart Home Environments
Authors: Friedrich Björn , Steen Enno-Edzard , Hellmers Sandra , Bauer Jürgen M. , Hein Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMobility is one of the key performance indicators of the health condition of older adults. One important parameter is the gait speed. The mobility is usually assessed under the supervision of a professional by standardised geriatric assessments. Using sensors in smart home environments for continuous monitoring of the gait speed enables physicians to detect early stages of functional decline and to initiate appropriate interventions. This in combination with a floor plan smart home sensors were used to calculate the distance that a person walked in the apartment and the inertial measurement unit data for estimating the actual walking time. A Gaussian kernel density estimator was applied to the computed values and the maximum of the kernel density estimator was considered as the gait speed. The proposed method was evaluated on a real-world dataset and the estimations of the gait speed had a deviation smaller than$$0.10 \, \frac{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{s}}$$0.10ms, which is smaller than the minimal clinically important difference, compared to a baseline from a standardised geriatrics assessment.
Power Emergentism and the Collapse Problem
Authors: Taylor Elanor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrong emergentism is the position that certain higher-level properties display a kind of metaphysical autonomy from the lower-level properties in which they are grounded. The prospect of collapse is a problem for strong emergentism. According to those who press the collapse problem any purportedly strongly emergent feature inheres in the emergence base and so is not genuinely autonomous from that base. Umut Baysan and Jessica Wilson (2017) argue that power emergentism avoids the collapse problem. In this paper, I challenge the claim that power emergentism avoids the collapse problem and argue for explanatory emergentism in its place.
Scientific Perspectivism and the Methodology of Modern Mathematical Physics
Authors: Stemeroff Noah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerspectival realists often appeal to the methodology of science to secure a realist account of the retention and continued success of scientific claims through the progress of science (e.g., Massimi [2016]). However, in the context of modern physics, the retention and continued success of scientific claims are typically only definable within a mathematical framework. In this article, I argue that this concern leaves the perspectivist open to Cassirer’s (1910/1923) neo-Kantian critique of the applicability of mathematics in the natural sciences. To support this criticism, I present a case study on the conservation of energy in modern physics.
The Metarepresentational Role of Mathematics in Scientific Explanations
Authors: McCullough-Benner Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral philosophers have argued that to capture the generality of certain scientific explanations, we must count mathematical facts among their explanantia. I argue that we can better understand these explanations by adopting a more nuanced stance toward mathematical representations, recognizing the role of mathematical representation schemata in representing highly abstract features of physical systems. It is by picking out these abstract but nonmathematical features that explanations appealing to mathematics achieve a high degree of generality. The result is a rich conception of the role of mathematics in scientific explanations that does not require us to treat mathematical facts as explanantia.
The Limits of “Good Law”: Civil Society Regulation in South Africa and Ethiopia
Authors: Lupin Dina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAt the end of apartheid, the South African government adopted laws regulating civil society that are widely seen as “good” laws: laws designed to encourage and facilitate a thriving civil society sector. In 2019 the Ethiopian government repealed the repressive, decade-old Charities and Societies Proclamation and replaced it with a much more open and permissive regulatory system, also aimed at facilitating a thriving civil society sector. This article compares South Africa's post-apartheid civil society organization (CSO) laws with Ethiopia's 2019 law, to examine the different and overlapping ways in which these regimes attempt to advance the interests of CSOs against an historical background of state oppression. In doing so, it examines what “good” regulation of CSOs constitutes in practice and finds that there are significant limits to the effectiveness of regulatory change in addressing the many, complex problems CSOs face, especially in the wake of political and legal oppression.
In vitro and in sacco digestibility of almond hulls
Authors: Swanson K. L. , Bill H. M. , Asmus J. , Heguy J. M. , Fadel J. G. , DePeters E. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the in vitro digestibility and in sacco disappearance of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in total almond hulls (TAH), pure almond hulls (PAH) or Debris. The TAH were used because there are no data on the effect of debris (non-hull material) on the nutritional value of almond hulls. Twelve samples of commercial almond hulls were used, with one subsample representing the TAH and the other subsample hand sorted to separate the hulls (PAH) from Debris. Gas production and Ankom Daisy method were used to determine in vitro digestibility, while two rumen-fistulated cows were used to measure in sacco disappearance of PAH and TAH. For in vitro digestibility, both PAH and TAH were more digestible and had greater gas production than Debris. The PAH had greater in vitro true digestibility on a DM basis and NDF digestibility at 48 and 72 h compared with TAH. Nonpareil hulls provided greater metabolizable energy (ME) concentration when compared with other almond varieties, with PAH supplying numerically more ME than TAH for both varieties. For in sacco disappearance, PAH had greater DM and NDF disappearance along with a greater rate of disappearance for NDF compared with TAH. This research demonstrated that Debris is highly indigestible; therefore, hulling, agronomic and harvesting practices should be focused on reducing Debris in commercial almond hulls to improve their nutritive value as a feedstuff for livestock.
Potential impacts of projected warming scenarios on winter wheat in the UK
Authors: Cammarano Davide , Liu Bing , Liu Leilei , Ruane Alexander C. , Zhu Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe goals of this study are to analyse the impacts of 1.5 and 2.0°C scenarios on UK winter wheat using a combination of Global Climate Models (GCMs), crop models, planting dates and cultivars; to evaluate the impact of increased air temperature on winter wheat phenology and potential yield; to quantify the underlying uncertainties due to the multiple sources of variability introduced by climate scenarios, crop models and agronomic management. The data used to calibrate and evaluate three crop models were obtained from a field experiment with two irrigation amounts and two wheat cultivars that have different phenology and growth habit. After calibration, the model was applied to fifty locations across the wheat-growing area of the UK to cover all the main growing regions, with most points located in the main growing areas. Four GCMs, with two cultivars and five planting dates, were simulated at the end of the century. Results of this study showed that the UK potential wheat yield will increase by 2–8% under projected climate. Farmers will need to close such a gap in the future because it will have implications in terms of food security. Future climatic conditions might increase such a gap. Adaptation measures (e.g. moving the optimal planting time), along with climate-ready varieties bred for future conditions and with precision agriculture techniques can help to reduce this gap and ensure that the future actual UK wheat production will be close to the potential.
Salvage intratympanic steroid therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: our real-life experience in 32 patients
Authors: Ringrose T , Biggs T C , Jones L , Yunus A , Onderková A , Amir-Ghasemi A , Osei-Lah V , Hilton J , Buckland J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of salvage intratympanic steroid injections in patients presenting with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss following a poor response to initial oral steroid treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patient records over the course of four years was conducted, and pure tone thresholds were reviewed before treatment, after oral steroid therapy and six weeks after intratympanic steroid injection therapy.ResultsAfter oral steroid therapy alone, there was a mean average threshold change of 6.2 dB HL (range, −13.8–33.8 dB). This change was statistically significant for severely affected patients (those with an average presenting threshold of over 71 dB). The mean average threshold improvement following intratympanic steroid injection therapy was 2.9 dB (range, −22.5–61.3 dB); this was not statistically significant.ConclusionSome patients experienced moderate improvement following intratympanic steroid injection therapy; however, no specific subgroup was identified to benefit more from intratympanic steroid injection therapy.
Expression of genes associated with fertility in the uterus and oviduct of heifers challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Ferronato Giuliana A. , Alvarado-Rincón Joao A. , Maffi Andressa S. , Barbosa Antônio A. , Gasperin Bernardo G. , Schneider Augusto , Mondadori Rafael G. , Brauner Cássio C. , Corrêa Marcio N. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryLipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxemia has been negatively associated with fertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS-induced inflammation on gene expression associated with bovine fertility in the uterus and oviduct. Sixteen healthy heifers were divided into two groups. The LPS group (n = 8) received two intravenous (i.v.) injections of 0.5 µg/kg of body weight of LPS with a 24-h interval, and the control group (n = 8) received two i.v. injections of saline solution with the same interval of time. All the animals had the follicular wave synchronized. Three days after the second injection of LPS, all animals were slaughtered and uterine and oviduct samples were collected. Gene expression associated with inflammatory response, thermal and oxidative stresses, oviduct environment quality, and uterine environment quality was evaluated. Body temperature and leucogram demonstrated that LPS induced an acute systemic inflammatory response. In the uterus, the expression of PTGS2 and NANOG genes was downregulated by the LPS challenge. However, no change in expression was observed in the other evaluated genes in the uterus, nor those evaluated in the oviduct. In conclusion, the inflammatory process triggered by LPS did not persist in the uterus and oviduct 3 days after challenge with LPS. Nonetheless, reduction in PTGS2 and NANOG expression in the uterus suggested that, indirectly, LPS may have a prolonged effect, which may affect corpus luteum and endometrial functions.
The use of emoji to establish student wellbeing: does the image reflect the reality?
Authors: Callender Jenny , Bridge Pete , Al-Samarraie Flora , Blair Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The impact of COVID-19 social restrictions on mental wellbeing of health professional students during placement is largely unknown. Conventional survey methods do not capture emotional fluctuations. Increasing use of smartphones suggests short message service (SMS) functionality could provide easy, rapid data. This project tested the feasibility and validity of gathering data on Therapeutic Radiography student mental wellbeing during clinical placement via emoji and SMS.

Methods:
Participants provided anonymous daily emoji responses via WhatsApp to a dedicated mobile phone. Additional weekly prompts sought textual responses indicating factors impacting on wellbeing. A short anonymous online survey validated responses and provided feedback on the method.

Results:
Participants (n = 15) provided 254 daily responses using 108 different emoji; these triangulated with weekly textual responses. Feedback concerning the method was positive. ‘Happy’ emoji were used most frequently; social interaction and fatigue were important wellbeing factors. Anonymity and opportunity to feedback via SMS were received positively; ease and rapidity of response engendered engagement throughout the 3-week study.

Conclusions:
The use of emoji for rapid assessment of cohort mental wellbeing is valid and potentially useful alongside more formal evaluation and support strategies. Capturing simple wellbeing responses from a cohort may facilitate the organisation of timely support interventions.