bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PACNav: a collective navigation approach for UAV swarms deprived of communication and external localization
Authors: Ahmad Afzal , Bonilla Licea Daniel , Silano Giuseppe , Báča Tomáš , Saska Martin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article proposes Persistence Administered Collective Navigation (PACNav) as an approach for achieving the decentralized collective navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. The technique is based on the flocking and collective navigation behavior observed in natural swarms, such as cattle herds, bird flocks, and even large groups of humans. As global and concurrent information of all swarm members is not available in natural swarms, these systems use local observations to achieve the desired behavior. Similarly, PACNav relies only on local observations of the relative positions of UAVs, making it suitable for large swarms deprived of communication capabilities and external localization systems. We introduce the novel concepts of path persistence and path similarity that allow each swarm member to analyze the motion of other members in order to determine its own future motion. PACNav is based on two main principles: (a) UAVs with little variation in motion direction have high path persistence, and are considered by other UAVs to be reliable leaders; (b) groups of UAVs that move in a similar direction have high path similarity, and such groups are assumed to contain a reliable leader. The proposed approach also embeds a reactive collision avoidance mechanism to avoid collisions with swarm members and environmental obstacles. This collision avoidance ensures safety while reducing deviations from the assigned path. Along with several simulated experiments, we present a real-world experiment in a natural forest, showcasing the validity and effectiveness of the proposed collective navigation approach in challenging environments. The source code is released as open-source, making it possible to replicate the obtained results and facilitate the continuation of research by the community.
Sustained cost declines in solar PV and battery storage needed to eliminate coal generation in India
Authors: Mohan Aniruddh , Sengupta Shayak , Vaishnav Parth , Tongia Rahul , Ahmed Asim , Azevedo Inês L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Unabated coal power in India must be phased out by mid-century to achieve global climate targets under the Paris Agreement. Here we estimate the costs of hybrid power plants—lithium-ion battery storage with wind and solar PV—to replace coal generation. We design least cost mixes of these technologies to supply stylized baseload and load-following generation profiles in three Indian states—Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. Our analysis shows that availability of low cost capital, solar PV capital costs of at least $250 kW−1, and battery storage capacity costs at least 50% cheaper than current levels will be required to phase out existing coal power plants. Phaseout by 2040 requires a 6% annual decline in the levelized cost of hybrid systems over the next two decades. We find that replacing coal generation with hybrid systems 99% of the hours over multiple decades is roughly 40% cheaper than 100% replacement, indicating a key role for other low cost grid flexibility mechanisms to help hasten coal phaseout. Solar PV is more suited to pairing with short duration storage than wind power. Overall, our results describe the challenging technological and policy advances needed to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement.
Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 Pooled Testing Strategies Through Differentiated Pooling for Distinct Groups
Authors: Filiatreau Lindsey M , Zivich Paul N , Edwards Jessie K , Mulholland Grace E , Max Ryan , Westreich Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pooled testing has been successfully used to expand SARS-CoV-2 testing, especially in settings requiring high volumes of screening of lower-risk individuals, but efficiency of pooling declines as prevalence rises. We propose a differentiated pooling strategy that independently optimizes pool sizes for distinct groups with different probabilities of infection to further improve the efficiency of pooled testing. We compared the efficiency (results obtained per test kit used) of the differentiated strategy with a traditional pooling strategy in which all samples are processed using uniform pool sizes under a range of scenarios. For most scenarios, differentiated pooling is more efficient than traditional pooling. In scenarios examined here, an improvement in efficiency of up to 3.94 results per test kit could be obtained through differentiated versus traditional pooling, with more likely scenarios resulting in 0.12 to 0.61 additional results per kit. Under circumstances similar to those observed in a university setting, implementation of our strategy could result in an improvement in efficiency between 0.03 to 3.21 results per test kit. Our results can help identify settings, such as universities and workplaces, where differentiated pooling can conserve critical testing resources.
Open tools for quantitative anonymization of tabular phenotype data: literature review
Authors: Haber Anna C , Sax Ulrich , Prasser Fabian ,   the NFDI4Health Consortium
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrecision medicine relies on molecular and systems biology methods as well as bidirectional association studies of phenotypes and (high-throughput) genomic data. However, the integrated use of such data often faces obstacles, especially in regards to data protection. An important prerequisite for research data processing is usually informed consent. But collecting consent is not always feasible, in particular when data are to be analyzed retrospectively. For phenotype data, anonymization, i.e. the altering of data in such a way that individuals cannot be identified, can provide an alternative. Several re-identification attacks have shown that this is a complex task and that simply removing directly identifying attributes such as names is usually not enough. More formal approaches are needed that use mathematical models to quantify risks and guide their reduction. Due to the complexity of these techniques, it is challenging and not advisable to implement them from scratch. Open software libraries and tools can provide a robust alternative. However, also the range of available anonymization tools is heterogeneous and obtaining an overview of their strengths and weaknesses is difficult due to the complexity of the problem space. We therefore performed a systematic review of open anonymization tools for structured phenotype data described in the literature between 1990 and 2021. Through a two-step eligibility assessment process, we selected 13 tools for an in-depth analysis. By comparing the supported anonymization techniques and further aspects, such as maturity, we derive recommendations for tools to use for anonymizing phenotype datasets with different properties.
A Systematic Review of Human Challenge Trials, Designs, and Safety
Authors: Adams-Phipps Jupiter , Toomey Danny , Więcek Witold , Schmit Virginia , Wilkinson James , Scholl Keller , Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Osowicki Joshua , Roestenberg Meta , Manheim David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have assessed participant safety in human challenge trials (HCTs). Key questions regarding HCTs include how risky such trials have been, how often adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) occur, and whether risk mitigation measures have been effective.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting on results of HCTs published between 1980 and 2021 was performed and completed by 7 October 2021.ResultsOf 2838 articles screened, 276 were reviewed in full. A total of 15 046 challenged participants were described in 308 studies that met inclusion criteria; 286 (92.9%) of these studies reported mitigation measures used to minimize risk to the challenge population. Among 187 studies that reported on SAEs, 0.2% of participants experienced at least 1 challenge-related SAE. Among 94 studies that graded AEs by severity, challenge-related AEs graded “severe” were reported by between 5.6% and 15.8% of participants. AE data were provided as a range to account for unclear reporting. Eighty percent of studies published after 2010 were registered in a trials database.ConclusionsHCTs are increasingly common and used for an expanding list of diseases. Although AEs occur, severe AEs and SAEs are rare. Reporting has improved over time, though not all papers provide a comprehensive report of relevant health impacts. We found very few severe symptoms or SAEs in studies that reported them, but many HCTs did not report relevant safety data. This study was preregistered on PROSPERO as CRD42021247218.
Can we attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury of allografts in a porcine left lung transplant models by adsorption of cytokines?
Authors: Frick Anna Elisabeth , Orlitová Michaela , Bleeser Tom , Vanstapel Arno , Claes Sandra , Schols Dominique , Mathyssen Carolien , Ceulemans Laurens J , Vos Robin , Verleden Geert M , Vanaudenaerde Bart M , Verleden Stijn E , Van Raemdonck Dirk E , Neyrinck Arne P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Primary graft dysfunction resulting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury remains a major obstacle after lung transplantation (LTx) and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Continuous release of inflammatory cytokines, due to the process of ischaemia and reperfusion, triggers a complex cascade of apoptosis and necrosis resulting in graft dysfunction. Previous studies demonstrated successful graft improvement by cytokine filtration during ex vivo lung perfusion. We hypothesize that plasma cytokine filtration with CytoSorb® during in vivo graft perfusion immediately after implantation may attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury after left LTx in a porcine model.

METHODS
Left porcine LTx was performed with allografts preserved for 24 h at 4°C. In the treatment group [T] (n = 7), a veno-venous shunt was created to insert the cytokine filter (CytoSorbents, Berlin, Germany). In the sham group [S] (n = 4), the shunt was created without the filter. Haemodynamic parameters, lung mechanics, blood gases and plasma cytokines were assessed during 6 h in vivo reperfusion.

RESULTS
During 6 h of reperfusion, significant differences in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine [interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-6] concentrations were observed between [T] and [S], but surprisingly with higher plasma levels in the [T] group. Plasma concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α, IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) did not find any evidence for a difference. Furthermore, our study failed to show meaningful difference in haemodynamics and blood gases. Also, no statistically significant differences were found between [T] and [S] in biopsies and wet-to-dry ratio at the end of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONS
In our porcine left LTx model cytokine filtration did not achieve the intended effect. This is in contrast to previous studies with CytoSorb use during ex vivo lung perfusion as a surrogate LTx model. Our findings might highlight the fact that the theoretical benefit of inserting an additional cytokine adsorber to improve graft function in clinical practice should be critically evaluated with further studies.
Bipartite synchronization of discrete-time networks with antagonistic interactions via hybrid control
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , He Lin , Zhou Lei , Sheng Suying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The problem of bipartite synchronization is addressed for discrete-time networks with antagonistic interactions via hybrid control with impulsive effects. Firstly, a hybrid state-feedback controller, which combines a pinning state-feedback controller and an impulsive state-feedback controller, is presented, and the criterion of the bipartite synchronization is derived by applying the average impulsive interval method. Secondly, for the case of the network states not all being measured, a hybrid measurement-feedback controller, which combines a pinning measurement-feedback controller and a pinning impulsive measurement-feedback controller, is proposed. The time-varying Lyapunov function method is utilized to design the hybrid measurement-feedback controller such that the bipartite synchronization is realized. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed controller design methods.
Prospective Surveillance of Respiratory Infections in British Antarctic Survey Bases During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ganly Katharine H , Bowyer James C , Bird Paul W , Willford Nicholas J , Shaw Jessica , Odedra Mina , Osborn Georgia , Everett Tom , Warner Matthew , Horne Simon , Dinn Michael , McMurray Claire L , Holmes Christopher W , Koo Sharon S F , Tang Julian Wei-Tze 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The British Antarctic bases offer a semiclosed environment for assessing the transmission and persistence of seasonal respiratory viruses.

Methods
Weekly swabbing was performed for respiratory pathogen surveillance (including SARS-CoV-2), at 2 British Antarctic Survey bases, during 2020: King Edward Point (KEP, 30 June to 29 September, 9 participants, 124 swabs) and Rothera (9 May to 6 June, 27 participants, 127 swabs). Symptom questionnaires were collected for any newly symptomatic cases that presented during this weekly swabbing period.

Results
At KEP, swabs tested positive for non–SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (2), adenovirus (1), parainfluenza 3 (1), and respiratory syncytial virus B (1). At Rothera, swabs tested positive for non–SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus (3), adenovirus (2), parainfluenza 4 (1), and human metapneumovirus (1). All bacterial agents identified were considered to be colonizers and not pathogenic.

Conclusions
At KEP, the timeline indicated that the parainfluenza 3 and adenovirus infections could have been linked to some of the symptomatic cases that presented. For the other viruses, the only other possible sources were the visiting ship crew members. At Rothera, the single symptomatic case presented too early for this to be linked to the subsequent viral detections, and the only other possible source could have been a single nonparticipating staff member.
Target attainment and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in critically ill patients undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Wieringa André , ter Horst Peter G J , Wagenvoort Gertjan H J , Dijkstra Annemieke , Abdulla Alan , Haringman Jasper J , Koch Birgit C P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Limited data exist about the antimicrobial target attainment and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in critically ill patients in the ICU undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). We conducted a prospective observational study in two large teaching hospitals [Isala Hospital (IH) and Zwolle and Maasstad Hospital (MH)] to investigate target attainment and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in patients undergoing CKRT.

Patients and methods
Patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ICU treated with IV cefotaxime 1000 mg three times daily (IH) or 4 times daily (MH) were included. Fifteen patients were enrolled in total. Per patient eight cefotaxime plasma and eight ultrafiltrate samples were drawn in IH and four plasma samples in MH on Day 2 of treatment. In ICU patients the recommended antimicrobial target of cefotaxime is a plasma concentration 100% of the time above the MIC.

Results
In IH 10/11 patients had higher plasma trough concentrations than the MIC breakpoint of Enterobacterales of 1 mg/L (clinical breakpoint for susceptible strains) and 9/11 patients had concentrations above 2 mg/L (clinical breakpoint for resistant strains). All patients (4/4) in MH had higher plasma trough concentrations than 2 mg/L. A sieving coefficient of 0.74 was identified, with a median amount of 40% of cefotaxime eliminated by CKRT.

Conclusions
We conclude that cefotaxime 1000 mg 3–4 times daily gives adequate plasma concentrations in patients with anuria or oliguria undergoing CKRT. The 1000 mg four times daily dosage is recommended in patients undergoing CKRT with partially preserved renal function to achieve the target.
Magnitude of non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Ethiopia: a multicentre simulated client study with a focus on non-urban towns
Authors: Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Hall Lisa , Selvey Linda A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics significantly contributes to widespread antibiotic misuse, which in turn hastens the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. It is believed to be common in Ethiopia despite prescription-only regulations. We aimed to quantify non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics in community drug retail outlets (CDROs) with a focus on non-urban towns in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Methods
A multicentre simulated client (SC) study was conducted to measure the non-prescription provision of antibiotics in 225 consenting CDROs. Each CDRO was visited twice by two trained SCs, one to present pre-prepared clinical case scenarios and the other to directly request specific antibiotics. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to report the findings.

Results
The study had 450 interactions across the two visits. Non-prescribed antibiotics were obtained in 198 (88%) of the 225 clinical case scenarios-based visits and in 205 (91%) of the 225 direct antibiotic request visits. Most of the supply was at the first level of demand: 84% of the 198 clinical case scenario visits and 95% of the 205 direct antibiotic request visits. CDRO staff requested further information about the patient or the case in 40% of the clinical case scenarios-based visits and 30% of the direct antibiotic request visits.

Conclusions
It was possible to obtain antibiotics without prescription from a high proportion of CDROs, both in clinical scenario-based and direct antibiotic request interactions. Multifaceted interventions including stringent regulatory enforcement, frequent CDRO practice surveillance, CDRO staff training and community health education are needed with greater emphasis on rural areas.
Pancreatic stone protein as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of post-operative peritonitis, intra-abdominal infection and sepsis
Authors: Ventura François , Gasche Yvan , Rached Aymen Kraiem Ben , Pugin Déborah , Mollard Frédéric , Vora Samir , Charbonnet Pierre , Bühler Léo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection and post-operative peritonitis based on clinical examination, biomarkers and radiological signs, should be made as early as possible to improve outcomes and decrease mortality through early and optimal source control, adequate surgery and appropriate antibiotic therapy (Montravers et al. Therapeutic management of peritonitis: a comprehensive guide for intensivists. Intensive Care Med 2016;42:1234–47). However, the indication and the timing of the surgery is often not an easy decision. This case presents the use of a novel early biomarker of infection and sepsis, pancreatic stone protein (Fidalgo et al. Pancreatic stone protein: review of a new biomarker in sepsis. J Clin Med 2022;11:1085), as a tool to aid in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection and post-operative peritonitis and to help guide the decision for adequate surgeries in a patient with intra-abdominal infection and post radical prostatectomy peritonitis.
Functional characterization of MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN 1, a G-type lectin gene family member, in response to fungal pathogens of strawberry
Authors: Ma Lijing , Haile Zeraye Mehari , Sabbadini Silvia , Mezzetti Bruno , Negrini Francesca , Baraldi Elena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The mannose-binding lectin gene MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN 1 (MBL1) is a member of the G-type lectin family and is involved in defense in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Genome-wide identification of the G-type lectin family was carried out in woodland strawberry, F. vesca, and 133 G-lectin genes were found. Their expression profiles were retrieved from available databases and indicated that many are actively expressed during plant development or interaction with pathogens. We selected MBL1 for further investigation and generated stable transgenic FaMBL1-overexpressing plants of F. ×ananassa to examine the role of this gene in defense. Plants were selected and evaluated for their contents of disease-related phytohormones and their reaction to biotic stresses, and this revealed that jasmonic acid decreased in the overexpressing lines compared with the wild-type (WT). Petioles of the overexpressing lines inoculated with Colletotrichum fioriniae had lower disease incidence than the WT, and leaves of these lines challenged by Botrytis cinerea showed significantly smaller lesion diameters than the WT and higher expression of CLASS II CHITINASE 2-1. Our results indicate that FaMBL1 plays important roles in strawberry response to fungal diseases caused by C. fioriniae and B. cinerea.
Clinical Application of Prostatic Exosomal Protein and Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in the Detection of Prostate-Related Diseases
Authors: Ge Qiuxia , Lou Jianfang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to study the use of prostatic exosomal protein (PSEP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in diagnosis of prostate-related diseases.MethodsA total of 54 cases of acute prostatitis (AP), 72 cases of chronic prostatitis (CP), and 36 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled. Levels of PSEP and PSA were analyzed.ResultsThe positive rate and level of PSEP in CP was highest (both P &lt; .05). The total PSA (tPSA) level in PCa was the highest (P &lt; .05), followed by AP and CP. The free PSA (fPSA) level was lowest in CP (P &lt; .05); fPSA/tPSA in AP was the highest (P &lt; .05). The PSEP level in type II CP was higher than in type IIIa and type IIIb (both P &lt; .05), and it was higher in type IIIa than in type IIIb (P &lt; .05). The tPSA level in type IIIb was the lowest in the 3 types (both P &lt; .05). The fPSA/tPSA in type IIIb was the highest in the 3 types (P &lt; .05).ConclusionThe PSEP combined with PSA better distinguishes prostate-related diseases.
Unveiling the main sequence of galaxies at z ≥ 5 with the JWST: predictions from simulations
Authors: D’Silva Jordan C J , Lagos Claudia D P , Davies Luke J M , Lovell Christopher C , Vijayan Aswin P 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We use two independent galaxy-formation simulations, flares, a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, and shark, a semi-analytic model, to explore how well the JWST will be able to uncover the existence and parameters of the star-forming main sequence (SFS) at z = 5 → 10, i.e. shape, scatter, normalization. Using two independent simulations allows us to isolate predictions (e.g. stellar mass, star formation rate, SFR, luminosity functions) that are robust to or highly dependent on the implementation of the physics of galaxy formation. Both simulations predict that JWST can observe ≥70–90 per cent (for shark and flares, respectively) of galaxies up to z ∼ 10 (down to stellar masses of ${\approx}10^{8.3}\rm M_{\odot }$ and SFRs of ${\approx}10^{0.5}{\rm M}_{\odot }\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$) in modest integration times and given current proposed survey areas (e.g. the Web COSMOS 0.6 deg2) to accurately constrain the parameters of the SFS. Although both simulations predict qualitatively similar distributions of stellar mass and SFR. There are important quantitative differences, such as the abundance of massive, star-forming galaxies with flares predicting a higher abundance than shark; the early onset of quenching as a result of black hole growth in flares (at z ≈ 8), not seen in shark until much lower redshifts; and the implementation of synthetic photometry with flares predicting more JWST-detected galaxies (∼90 per cent) than shark (∼70 per cent) at z = 10. JWST observations will distinguish between these models, leading to a significant improvement upon our understanding of the formation of the very first galaxies.