bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of grain product safety by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Yu Gumerov T , Gabdukaeva L Z , Nurgalieva A R , Abrosimov I A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper evaluates the safety of cereal stock developed as a supplement to the food ration of persons working in especially harmful labor conditions in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 46n of February 16, 2009 (Annex 2). The performed sanitary and chemical studies revealed that the composition of considered products does not contain biological contaminants – mycotoxins. Such substances are natural contaminants of grains, cereals, legumes, vegetables and fruits and represent low molecular secondary metabolites produced by microscopic mold fungi.
Agrotechnological peculiarities of crop combination in Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris cultivation in vertical hydroponics
Authors: Kling A P , Kumpan V N , Pashek V A , Prokhorova N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dispensing of vertical cultivation technology in greenhouses in Russia has been held back due to deficiency of a specific assortment of vegetable plants. The studies with the possible species of cultivated crops for vertical hydroponics were carried out in Omsk State Agrarian University. The growth of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris is attractive for getting “baby green”. The study of the technological peculiarities of Beta vulgaris production and the compilation of a scientifically grounded crop rotation in a container-type greenhouse with vertical cultivation of crops is the goal of research work. For growing green crops in vertical container-type greenhouses, including Beta vulgaris cutting, the sowing of seeds can be in the seedling department, bypassing the germination chamber. Beta vulgaris seedling period is 7 days, then within 3–4 months the “Baby greens” leafs are cut, the required parameters are reached by the plants in three weeks, namely leaves are cut about 4–6 times from each container, after that a turnover is performed. The proposed rational system of using the area promote increasing the amount of cut green from 0.25 to 2.0–2.86 kg from the production section. Agrotechnological measures for the use of crop rotation in the cultivation of Beta vulgaris in vertical hydroponics allow starting an autonomous mobile complex with maximum efficiency.
Assessment of soybean productivity factors under conditions of the southern part of the non-black earth zone of Russia
Authors: Lukyanova V , Konkina V S , Vavilova N V , Evsenkina Y M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In modern conditions, the demand for soybeans is increasing both in the world and in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the trends characterizing the production of this crop has showed the prevalence of extensive factors - the growth of sown areas in all federal districts. Soybean yield is also growing, but its absolute size is significantly lower than the world average. In addition, the productivity of soybeans significantly depends on the hydrometeorological conditions of cultivation. Since most of the territory of the Russian Federation belongs to the zone of risky farming, plant support means are required. The article provides an overview of the influence of growth stimulants X-Site, G and Stimulate, G on soybean yield in Ryazan region. The results have showed that in order to obtain high and stable yields of this agricultural crop, it is necessary to feed soybeans in budding and flowering phases with plant growth regulator Stimulate, F with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha. This will increase the yield of the crop by 2.5 dt/ha and increase the protein content to 40.8 %.
Biodistortiometry as a new method for determining the properties of agricultural products
Authors: Korzhuk M S , Akulinin V A , Zabolotnykh M V , Korzhuk V M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The development of new methods for the study of agricultural products is an actual task. A large number of studies on the electrical properties of biological objects are performed today for scientific and industrial purposes. Distortions of electric signals are considered conventionally as harmful. The authors performed test-bench analysis of harmonic distortion, produced by different agricultural products. Apple, banana, tomato, tangerine were tested. The digital source of sinusoidal signals and a computed spectrum analyzer were main components of the test-bench circuit. Results of measurements of harmonics, from first to tenth, were presented in a graphic form. Each kind of agricultural products created harmonic distortion with an authentic set and a level of harmonics. So, the authors have shown the ability of analyzing harmonic distortions to determine properties of agricultural products.
The evaluation of structural-mechanical properties of the functional fermented milk product
Authors: Kurenkova L A , Burmagina T Y , Matushev A S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the conditions of high competition on the market of food products producers have to carry out a search for new kinds of raw materials in order to diversify the assortment of produced products. Adding raw materials and ingredients of different origin of the composition of dairy products irrevocably leads to the change of quality parameters. One of such parameters is consistence. To control the consistence, it is necessary to check it orgonaleptically and study the structural-mechanical properties of the product under development. In the work, consistence of the samples of a newly developed fundamental fermented dairy product with wheat brans was studied by an organoleptic method and a method of rotational viscometry. The necessity of the conducted studies is conditioned by the fact that using only organoleptic method for the evaluation of the consistence is not always objective as it depends on the skills and qualifications of a specialist who carries out a study. The appliance of the method of rotational viscometry allows describing a model of body flow mathematically, defining effective viscosity and other characteristics. Rheological characteristic were identified with the help of the rotation viscometer Rheotest. The samples of a fermented dairy product with wheat brans were the objects of the study. Their amount in the product was from 0 to 10 %. As the result of the conducted organoleptic and rheological studies of consistence of the samples of the functional fermented dairy product with wheat brans, it was concluded that the new product, depending from mass fraction of wheat brans in the composition, could be referred to a drinkable or eaten by a spoon types. It was found out that according to the flow character the functional fermented dairy product could be referred to pseudoplastic bodies.
Effect of subcryoscopic storage temperature on shelf life of chilled broiler meat
Authors: Makoveev I I , Kozak S S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Limited shelf life of chilled poultry meat hinders its transportation over long distances to remote areas of consumption. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a storage technology for chilled poultry meat with prolonged shelf life. The study was carried out on meat samples of broiler chickens produced in accordance with GOST 31962-2013 and cooled by water evaporation. An IS 203.4 temperature recorder was used to measure meat temperature, and a TESTO 205 device was used to measure pH. The microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of meat were determined according to standard methods. The shelf life of chilled meat was determined in accordance with MUK 4.2.1847-04 Sanitary and epidemiological assessment of justification for the shelf life and storage conditions of food products. The study showed that meat stored at −2.0 ± 1.0 °C remains fresh for 20 days in terms of microbiological, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. It was found that meat can be transferred from a supercooled state to a chilled one in order to increase the shelf life to 15 days at a storage temperature of -2.0 ± 1.0 °C.
Strength analysis of a cutting kinked curve plate with clamped free edges of a chisel type deep tiller
Authors: Mikhaylin A , Bandurin M A , Akhmet’yanov I R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Currently existing chisel type deep tillers have a number of disadvantages. The authors propose a research of the strength of a deformer system element of an experimental chisel type deep tiller in the form of kinked plates with clamped-free edges. The present paper analyses the possibility of lengthening of the horizontal elements of the deep tiller shank deformer system without loss of their strength and significant change in their thickness. A mathematical model of a thin elastic homogeneous isotropic plate with clamped-free edges was used. A modified model of the kinked plate is proposed, which has not been investigated earlier. The presented problem is solved numerically. Calculation is performed in the first approximation for the stress-strain state of two isotropic fixed kinked plates with clamped medial edges, symmetrically fixed on a vertical shank, set obliquely to the vertical axis, having equal stiffness and constant cross-section along the entire length (volume objective). It is found that the reduction of the actual plate thickness by more than 1/3 of the design thickness is the most dangerous case. This result leads to failure of a separate fragment of the kinked plate. The proposed thickness of 2 mm does not immediately result in failure of a separate fragment of the part. The plate of the investigated form, made of C255 grade steel, will not provide sufficient strength of the part and its fixing on the deep tiller’s shank. The paper proves the possibility of using kinked plates of the given shape having a variable thickness profile.
Two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machines of new generation
Authors: Orobinsky V I , Baskakov I V , Chernyshov A V , Gulevsky V A , Gievsky A M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper provides a review of fractional technologies developed by the authors, allowing to divide the grain heap coming from combines into 3 fractions: seed, fodder and unused waste. They are based on the use of two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machines. The authors have developed a line of grain cleaners OZF-50/25/10 and OZF-80/40/20. Their productivity in terms of preliminary cleaning is 50 and 80 t/h, primary cleaning productivity is 25 and 40 t/h and secondary cleaning productivity is 10 and 20 t/h, respectively. The machines use an improved two-aspiration system with the ability to independently adjust the speed of air flows in the channels (patent No. 2298441), a new design of a sieve mill with a two-tier arrangement of sieves and setting in each tier sequentially two (at OZF-50/25/10) and three (on OZF-80/40/20) sieves. The mills implement a new sieve arrangement scheme (RF patent No. 43798), as well as original devices for a ball sieve cleaner and a pneumatic separation channel for the second aspiration. These devices make it possible to obtain the required quality of sieve cleaning and to isolate biologically defective grain in the pneumatic separation channel of the second aspiration. The separator for secondary cleaning of seeds SVS-30 is designed for the preparation of seeds of grain, spike, leguminous, industrial and oil crops when implementing fractional technology during post-harvest processing. Like all machines for secondary cleaning of seeds, the pneumatic system of the separator has two pneumatic separation channels for pre-screening and post-screen cleaning. A distinctive feature of the pneumatic system of the SV-30 separator is the consistent use of the same air flow in both aspirations. Fractional technology for processing grain heaps, implemented on an air-sieve separator, will increase the cleaning performance by 1.5…1.8 times with a minimum amount of mechanical stress on the seeds.
Rotary paddle orienting device for planting root crops
Authors: Ovtov V A , Chirkova N S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the total volume of vegetable production, sugar beet takes a leading position. However, the current structure of sugar beet seed production in Russia is not able to meet the needs of agricultural producers with domestic seeds, which leads to a high share of the use of foreign breeding hybrids. Therefore, studies aimed at reducing the cost of manual labor when planting sugar beet mother plants through the development and use of orienting devices for planting machines are relevant. The article presents a three-dimensional model of a rotary paddle orienting device with given design parameters for planting sugar beet mother plants. The power expended on the drive of the rotary paddle orienting device providing the piece-by-piece supply of sugar beet plantings at a planting unit speed of 3.6 km/h has been determined. The kinematic parameters of the operation with the rotary paddle orienting device in conjunction with the landing apparatus of the planting machine have been substantiated. The energy calculation of the drive of the rotary vane orienting device was carried out and the loads acting on it were carried out, as well as the rolling bearings were selected. A chain transmission has been designed and modeled using the KOMPAS 3D computer-aided design system and its main parameters have been determined, which ensure reliable operation of the rotary paddle orienting device.
Assessment of agricultural techniques of grape cultivation in arid conditions of southern Russia based on analysis of variance
Authors: Polukhina E V , Vlasenko M V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of the research was to assess the effectiveness of agricultural techniques for growing table grapes in the arid conditions of southern Russia. The research is relevant, since the improvement of agricultural techniques for growing grapes improves its growth and development, marketability of products, and increases plant resistance to diseases. The experiments were carried out in a vineyard located on the light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region. The number of grape bushes is 1250.0 pieces/hectare. Water-soluble fertilizers were tested separately and in combination on plantings of table grape varieties of early, middle and late ripening. The concentration of aqueous solutions of fertilizers was 0.3 % for Plantafol and 0.1 % for Boroplus. The high efficiency of foliar dressings is achieved when they are carried out in certain phases of the plant’s growing season. The background was a mineral fertilizer - Ca(H2PO4) 2 × H2O at the end of each growing season (60.0 kg a. s./he), as well as N16P16K16 (64.0 kg a. s./he) before bud break and before flowering. A strong dependence of the efficiency of growing grapes on the interaction of varietal samples and applied fertilizers has been established. At the same time, additional products were obtained according to the options for applying fertilizers for different varieties in the range of 2.5-6.1 t/hectare.
Increasing the efficiency of the extruder in producing sunflower cake
Authors: Priporov I E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to reduce the specific energy consumption of extruders in the protein feed preparation, namely a sunflower cake, and at the same time to increase productivity without product quality deterioration. The research objective is to develop a mathematical model that describes the performance of the improved extruder. As a result of the experimental and theoretical studies using experiment design methods, a mathematical model of the sunflower cake obtainment process was designed, it describes the performance of the improved extruder. The analysis of two-dimensional sections of the combination of X1 - X2 factors shows the nature of the response surface of an ellipsoid shape, X1 - X3, X2 - X3 are of a paraboloid, and the centers of the experiment are located in the investigated area, which allow determining rational parameters for combinations of these factors. As a result of a multifactorial experiment, the optimal values of the factors were determined: the mixture temperature at the exit from the extrusion auger of the matrix is 133.67 °C, the extrusion auger winding pitch is 7.58 mm, the area of the discharge hole of the matrix die is 323.89 mm2. With a combination of factor optimal values, it is possible to obtain high-quality sunflower cake with the highest extruder capacity, which is 0.87 t/h.
Technical support by automated control system for ecological-technological processes of crop growing in conditions of protected ground
Authors: Pryahin V N , Karapetyan M A , Ilinich V V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the study of methods and means of automated system control of ecological and technological processes of plants in protected ground conditions. The key concepts and main directions of the study include: development and substantiation of a conceptual scheme for managing crop cultivation technologies and application of information technologies that take into account the ecological and technological state of the crop production facility. Automated control systems were compared in terms of deterministic and stochastic modes with respect to quality indicators of greenhouse microclimate parameters. The main factors have been characterized for the growth and development of plants in protected ground conditions. A comparative analysis of fully and partially automated systems that control the microclimate in greenhouses has been made. A block scheme was proposed for the control over the technological process, taking into account the automation of plant growing and the results of forecasting the conditions of emergencies. The technical means have been offered for automated control of technological processes of crop production, which allow obtaining the added effect. The ways of improving the automated control system with the help of technical means were outlined for increasing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop in the greenhouse, taking into account the economic efficiency of the planned activities.
Theoretical description of the motion of a material particle in pan vibrating batchers for agricultural purposes
Authors: Sabiev U K , Soyunov A S , Myalo V V , Yatsunov A N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the main tasks of which is to ensure sustainable feed production using highly efficient resource-saving machines and technologies. It is known that it is recommended to feed agricultural animals and poultry in the form of feed mixtures, balanced in composition. Feed grain can be processed into compound feed, developing its compound feed production in places of direct consumption. In the technology of compound feed preparation, one of the most important links is the dosing process, subject to special requirements for the accuracy of the input of components to obtain a homogeneous feed mixture. It is recognized to consider the use of vibration technologies and machines as promising in the field of dosing, allowing to achieve significant results in improving quality indicators. The paper proposes a theoretical description of the motion of a material particle through vibrating batchers, which can be both single-component and multicomponent. A differential equation for the relative motion of a particle along an inclined plane performing longitudinal nonharmonic oscillations is obtained. The article presents theoretical trajectories of changes in the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of a particle for one period of oscillation of the tray by a vibrating batcher at various values of the generalized coefficient K, obtained on a computer from the results of numerical solutions.
Development of formulation for soft cheese based on milk from animals of different species
Authors: Shuvarikov A S , Pastukh O N , Zhukova E V , Korenevskaya P A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the core branches of the Russian farming industry is the dairy industry. Cheese has always ranked first in nutritional profile and calorie count. It is high in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. All these components are in balanced proportions and are easily absorbed by the human body. In Russia, the most consumed is cow cheese; goat cheese is also gaining popularity; in the Caucasus – goat and sheep milk cheese. Cheese made from milk of different agricultural animals each has its own quality indicators. Hence, the paper provides data on using various types of milk – cow, goat, sheep and mixtures – to produce cheese. The paper describes the objects and methods of research, the results of research experience, benchmarking and evaluation of finished cheese, physical and chemical properties and sensory characteristics. The highest content of fat, SNF and protein was found to be present in goat milk. In cheese production, bryndza cheese made from sheep milk was distinguished by a large yield, cheese from a mixture of goat and sheep milk – by the highest fat content, and sheep cheese – by protein. Taste tests concluded that consumers preferred goat cheese. Cow and sheep cheese ranked low. The maximum number of points was given to bryndza cheese made from a mixture of goat and sheep milk.
Analysis of the results of control of toxic elements in food
Authors: Skryabina O V , Yurk N A , Ryabkova D S , Diner Y A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the experimental substantiation of the use of the stripping voltammetry method in order to organize and control the process of measuring toxic elements in food products, the quantitative criteria of which are direct indicators of safety. Comparative results are given □□ the example of dairy and milk-containing products and criteria for the amount of toxic elements in products and their norms, in particular. The analysis of the monitoring points related to the work logs for the control of these elements was carried out, the processes of the quantitative chemical analysis of the collected samples were studied. The sample data was tracked by the specified method of IV measurements on a «TA-1» voltammetric analyzer. Also, the analysis of regulatory and various technical documentation for the level of pollution by toxic elements of our environment was carried out and the possibilities of ways of excretion and their entry into products were considered. Intralaboratory control instruments were used in the form of control charts; according to the results of the construction of which, the results of correctness and accuracy were determined and interpreted. Managing these safety processes is one of the stable analysis of evaluating the internal control of the parameters of results and obtaining close-reliable conclusions. As a result of the research, indicators of the correctness and accuracy of the data were derived.
Need for supporting laboratory for testing agricultural and forestry tractors
Authors: Solovyev R , Cheranev S , Gerasimov M , Kolomeichenko A , Zotov P , Sovin K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper describes the relevance of the creation of a supporting laboratory for testing compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Tractor Code for agricultural and forestry tractors in conditions of international integration. The paper provides the international requirements for tractor products according to the OECD Tractor Code regulations. A set of activities for the creation of a supporting laboratory is presented. The study lists which methodologies need to be developed for testing tractor units and assemblies. It shows the procedure for validating tests at the OECD. It is pointed out that the development and use of digital services is necessary to ensure a leap forward in the development of integration in the field of technical regulation.