bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute flaccid rhombencephalomyelitis with radiculitis in a child with an enterovirus A71 infection seen for the first time in Denmark: a case report
Authors: Foli-Andersen Pia Jennes , Munkholm Anja , Rønde Gitte , Børresen Malene Landbo , Nielsen Jens Erik Klint , Midgley Sofie , Bang Didi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute flaccid myelitis is a serious condition of the spinal cord. More than 80% of patients experience a mild respiratory illness or fever consistent with a viral infection prior to acute flaccid myelitis development. Enterovirus A71 is known to circulate in Denmark, and has previously been associated with severe neurological symptoms. In this case report we describe acute flaccid rhombencephalomyelitis with radiculitis in an infant with an enterovirus infection.

Case presentation
The 8-month-old male of Asian origin presented with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by severe neurological deficits such as flaccid paralysis of the neck and upper extremities. An initial magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain was normal, and the boy was treated for encephalitis. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and spinal cord 1 week later showed the development of pathological symmetrical gray matter hyperintensity lesions on T2-weighted images in the brainstem and upper medulla spinalis, and nerve enhancement in the terminal thread of the spinal cord and the cervical roots; findings consistent with rhombencephalomyelitis with radiculitis causing flaccid paralysis. Enterovirus A71 was detected in both nasopharyngeal and fecal specimens. Other differential diagnostic etiologies of viral and bacterial encephalitis, including poliovirus, were excluded.

Conclusions
This is the first case in Denmark of a patient diagnosed with acute flaccid rhombencephalomyelitis strongly linked to an enterovirus A71 infection. This case emphasizes the diagnostic importance of combining a history of respiratory and/or gastrointestinal illness, fever, and delayed onset of varying degrees of paralysis with progressive characteristic spinal and brain lesions. Analysis of respiratory, fecal, and cerebrospinal samples for the presence of enterovirus, and eliminating other differential pathogens, is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
Prediction of semiconducting ferromagnetic CrVI6 monolayer
Authors: Zhang Ning-Ning , Zheng Fa-Wei , Li Shu-Jing , Wang Xiao-Hui , Fu Zhen-Guo , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, the effects of V atoms on the atomic structures, electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer CrI3 have been investigated and clarified using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the most stable configuration is the evenly mixed CrVI6 for Cr

V8x
I24

by calculating the formation energy. Through substituting one Cr atom with a V atom, the evenly mixed CrVI

exhibits a ferromagnetic (FM) semiconducting character with a direct band gap energy of 0.779 eV, a large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 1.959 meV per magnetic atom and a high Curie temperature up to 88 K. Our results indicate that CrVI6 monolayer may be a promising material for spintronics applications and substituting Cr with transition metal V atom is a viable strategy in optimizing the performance of CrI3.
Recovery of Supraspinal Microstructural Integrity and Connectivity in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Wang Chencai , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Salamon Noriko , Holly Langston T. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
It remains unknown if the progressive loss of axonal conduction along sensorimotor tracts can be recovered after surgery in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) and if subsequent adaptive microstructural changes are associated with the neurological improvement.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the upstream recovery of microstructural integrity and reorganization of microstructural connectivity that occurs in patients with DCM after surgical decompression.

METHODS:
Preoperative and postoperative cerebral diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion spectrum imaging data were collected for 22 patients with DCM (age = 56.9 ± 9.1 years). Paired t-tests were used to identify significant microstructural changes within cohorts, and correlation analysis was used to identify whether those changes are associated with neurological improvement.

RESULTS:
Before surgery, higher structural connectivity (SC) was observed in the prefrontal/frontal lobes, anterior cingulate, the internal and external capsules, and the anterior, posterior, and superior regions of the corona radiata fibers. Following surgery, an increased modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was associated with increased SC from the primary sensorimotor regions to the posterior cingulate and precuneus; increased SC between the cerebellum and the bilateral lingual gyri; and decreased SC from areas of the limbic system to the basal ganglia and the frontal lobe. In addition, increased fractional anisotropy and normalized quantitative anisotropy values along white matter fibers responsible for conveying sensory information and motor coordination and planning were associated with neurological improvement of patients with DCM after surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Recovery of microstructural integrity along the corticospinal tract and other sensorimotor pathways, together with supraspinal reorganization of microstructural connectivity within sensory and motor-related regions, was associated with neurological improvement after surgical decompression.
A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: a quality improvement project, Liverpool, UK
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Shamsher , Hicks Scott Rory , Watson Rebecca , Ahmed Rajia Akter , Jones Lewis , Vaselli Marcella , Wu Meng-San , Hayat Fatima , Ratcliffe Libuse , McKenna Mark , Hine Paul , Defres Sylviane , Wingfield Tom 
Published: January 2022

Background: The perspectives and experiences of people hospitalised with COVID-19 have been under-reported during the coronavirus pandemic. We developed and conducted a COVID-19 patient satisfaction survey in a large university-affiliated secondary healthcare centre in Liverpool, UK, during Europe’s first coronavirus wave (April-June 2020). The survey found that care was rated highly, including among people of Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds. However, sleep-quality and communication about medications and discharge-planning were identified as areas for improvement. Methods: To improve care for people with COVID-19 admitted to our centre, we designed an educational package for healthcare professionals working on COVID-19 wards. The package, implemented in August 2020, included healthcare worker training sessions on providing holistic care and placement of “Practice Pointers” posters. Patient satisfaction was re-evaluated during the second/third COVID-19 waves in Liverpool (September 2020 - February 2021). Results: Across waves, most (95%) respondents reported that they would recommend our hospital to friends and/or family and rated overall care highly. Comparison of the responses of second/third-wave respondents (n=101) with first-wave respondents (n=94) suggested improved patient satisfaction across most care domains but especially those related to having worries and fears addressed and being consulted about medications and their side-effects. Conclusions: People admitted with COVID-19 to our centre in Liverpool, including those from BAME backgrounds, rated the care they received highly. A simple education package improved the feedback on care received by respondents between the first and second/third waves. These UK-first findings are informing regional strategies to improve person-centred care of hospitalised people with COVID-19.
Experimental Design in Two-Sided Platforms: An Analysis of Bias
Authors: Johari Ramesh , Li Hannah , Liskovich Inessa , Weintraub Gabriel Y. 
Published: January 2022

We develop an analytical framework to study experimental design in two-sided marketplaces. Many of these experiments exhibit interference, where an intervention applied to one market participant influences the behavior of another participant. This interference leads to biased estimates of the treatment effect of the intervention. We develop a stochastic market model and associated mean field limit to capture dynamics in such experiments and use our model to investigate how the performance of different designs and estimators is affected by marketplace interference effects. Platforms typically use two common experimental designs: demand-side “customer” randomization ([Formula: see text]) and supply-side “listing” randomization ([Formula: see text]), along with their associated estimators. We show that good experimental design depends on market balance; in highly demand-constrained markets, [Formula: see text] is unbiased, whereas [Formula: see text] is biased; conversely, in highly supply-constrained markets, [Formula: see text] is unbiased, whereas [Formula: see text] is biased. We also introduce and study a novel experimental design based on two-sided randomization ([Formula: see text]) where both customers and listings are randomized to treatment and control. We show that appropriate choices of [Formula: see text] designs can be unbiased in both extremes of market balance while yielding relatively low bias in intermediate regimes of market balance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, revenue management and market analytics.
Deep Learning and the Game of Checkers
Authors: Popic Jan , Boskovic Borko , Brest Janez 
Published: January 2022

In this paper we present an approach which given only a set of rules is able to learn to play the game of Checkers. We utilize neural networks and reinforced learning combined with Monte Carlo Tree Search and alpha-beta pruning. Any human influence or knowledge is removed by generating needed data, for training neural network, using self-play. After a certain number of finished games, we initialize the training and transfer better neural network version to next iteration. We compare different obtained versions of neural networks and their progress in playing the game of Checkers. Every new version of neural network represented a better player.
Christiansen filters realized with cylindrical lenses of even symmetry
Authors: Xie Kang , Ma Dianguo , Ma Ji , Liang Lanju , Wei Dequan , Wang Xueqin , Wang Meng , Hu Zhijia , Zhang Junxi , Mao Qiuping 
Published: January 2022

A type of Christiansen filter that takes the form of a smooth cylindrical lens of even symmetry is proposed. By varying the shape of the lens, the filter can be made to realize many common filtering responses, including the polynomial function response, the Gaussian function response, and the sinc function response. A systematic design technique based on inverse scattering is established, and a desired, prescribed response can be tailored by properly shaping the lens of the filter. Three prototypical Christiansen filters, namely, a second-order all-real-roots filter, a second-order sinc filter, and a Gaussian filter, are synthesized using the proposed method. A prescribed response at 545 nm with a FWHM of 2 nm is achieved systematically by all of the three Christiansen filters.
Population sizes, HIV prevalence, and HIV prevention among men who paid for sex in sub-Saharan Africa (2000–2020): A meta-analysis of 87 population-based surveys
Authors: Hodgins Caroline , Stannah James , Kuchukhidze Salome , Zembe Lycias , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Boily Marie-Claude , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundKey populations, including sex workers, are at high risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Men who pay for sex can contribute to HIV transmission through sexual relationships with both sex workers and their other partners. To characterize the population of men who pay for sex in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), we analyzed population size, HIV prevalence, and use of HIV prevention and treatment.Methods and findingsWe performed random-effects meta-analyses of population-based surveys conducted in SSA from 2000 to 2020 with information on paid sex by men. We extracted population size, lifetime number of sexual partners, condom use, HIV prevalence, HIV testing, antiretroviral (ARV) use, and viral load suppression (VLS) among sexually active men. We pooled by regions and time periods, and assessed time trends using meta-regressions. We included 87 surveys, totaling over 368,000 male respondents (15–54 years old), from 35 countries representing 95% of men in SSA. Eight percent (95% CI 6%–10%; number of surveys [Ns] = 87) of sexually active men reported ever paying for sex. Condom use at last paid sex increased over time and was 68% (95% CI 64%–71%;Ns= 61) in surveys conducted from 2010 onwards. Men who paid for sex had higher HIV prevalence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.50; 95% CI 1.31–1.72;Ns= 52) and were more likely to have ever tested for HIV (PR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.24;Ns= 81) than men who had not paid for sex. Men living with HIV who paid for sex had similar levels of lifetime HIV testing (PR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.88–1.05;Ns= 18), ARV use (PR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.86–1.18;Ns= 8), and VLS (PR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.86–1.17;Ns= 9) as those living with HIV who did not pay for sex. Study limitations include a reliance on self-report of sensitive behaviors and the small number of surveys with information on ARV use and VLS.ConclusionsPaying for sex is prevalent, and men who ever paid for sex were 50% more likely to be living with HIV compared to other men in these 35 countries. Further prevention efforts are needed for this vulnerable population, including improved access to HIV testing and condom use initiatives. Men who pay for sex should be recognized as a priority population for HIV prevention.
Dynamic platelet function: A novel biomarker in inflammatory arthritis?
Authors: Nic an Riogh Eithne , Dunne Eimear , Cowley Sharon , Leamy Kelly , McCarthy Geraldine , Kenny Dermot , Stack John 
Published: January 2022

Background
Patients with inflammatory arthritis die prematurely of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation activates platelets. Since treatment of inflammatory arthritis is associated with reduced mortality, and decreased platelet reactivity reduces cardiovascular events, we hypothesised that platelet reactivity as measured by dynamic platelet function (DPF) would be increased in patients with inflammatory arthritis and that reactivity could be reduced with therapeutic intervention.

Objectives
To characterise platelet function using a validated physiological assay in patients with inflammatory arthritis before and after disease improvement.

Methods
22 patients were recruited and treated as per local protocol. DPF was measured at baseline and after clinical improvement. Video microscopy was utilised to measure dynamic platelet behaviour in microliters of blood perfused over von Willebrand factor (VWF) at arterial shear rates (1500 s-1). Motion-analysis software measured the number of platelets interacting with VWF, translocating across VWF, the speed and distance platelets travelled across VWF, and stably adhering to the surface. Platelet parameters at baseline and following improvement were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired student t-test. Changes in platelet function were correlated to inflammatory disease markers by Pearson Correlation.

Results
18 patients completed the study. Platelet adhesion decreased and platelet motion increased following treatment. Tender joint count correlated with platelet adhesion (Pearson r = 0.616, p≤0.01) while CRP correlated with velocity of platelet movement (Pearson r = 0.563, p≤0.01).

Conclusions
Improvement in clinical markers of inflammation is associated with a corresponding change in platelet function. Given the association between reduced mortality and decreased platelet reactivity our results suggest that an appropriate assay of platelet function could guide future therapy of patients with inflammatory arthritis.
CKMT1A is a novel potential prognostic biomarker in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Wang Yaping , Zhao Shujun , Qin Qiaohong , Gao Xiang , Zhang Xinlu , Zhang Min , Jiang Yi , Ji Xiaorong , Zhu Hai , Zhao Xin , Li Hongyu 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage remains the standard staging system for the assessment of endometrial cancer (EC) prognosis. Thus, we aim to identify the significant genes or biomarkers associated with the stage of endometrial cancer, which may also help reveal the mechanism of EC progression and assess the prognosis of patients with EC.

Materials and methods
We compared the mRNA expression levels of EC patients with stages I and II as well as stages III and IV in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EC patients at different stages were selected by volcano plot and Venn analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathways were applied to analyze the identified genes. Protein protein interaction (PPI) network was employed to identify the correlation. The survival analyses based on TCGA database were conducted for further screening. The Human Protein Atlas, quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to confirm the differences in expression of DEGs in endometrial cancer samples at different FIGO stages.

Results
CKMT1A was identified as a candidate gene. Through survival analyses, we found that CKMT1A may be a poor prognostic factor in the overall survival of endometrial cancer patients. GO and Pathways revealed that CKMT1A is closely associated with the metabolic process. More importantly, Human Protein Atlas and quantitative PCR confirmed the differences in expression of CKMT1A in endometrial cancer samples at different FIGO stages.

Conclusion
In summary, this study shows that CKMT1A is a newly identified essential tumor progression regulator of endometrial cancer, which may give rise to novel therapeutic strategies in the management of endometrial cancer patients to prolong its prognosis and prevent tumor progression.
Cervical cancer screening programme attendance and compliance predictors regarding Colombia’s Amazon region
Authors: González Alejandra , Sánchez Ricardo , Camargo Milena , Soto-De León Sara Cecilia , Del Río-Ospina Luisa , Mora Luis Hernando , Ramírez Edwin , Rodríguez Anny Alejandra , Hurtado Paula , Patarroyo Manuel Elkin , Patarroyo Manuel Alfonso 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cervical cancer (CC) promotion and prevention (P&P) programmes’ challenge lies in guaranteeing that follow-up strategies have a real impact on reducing CC-related mortality rates. CC P&P programme compliance and coverage rates are relevant indicators for evaluating their success and good performance; however, such indicators’ frequency rates are considerably lower among women living in rural and border areas. This study was aimed at identifying factors associated with CC screening programme attendance for women living in Colombia’s Amazon region.

Methods
This study (qualitative and quantitative phases) was carried out between September 2015 and November 2016; women residing in the border towns of Leticia and Puerto Nariño participated in it. The first phase (qualitative) involved interviews and focus group discussions; this led to establishing factors related to CC P&P programme attendance which were used in the quantitative phase for designing a survey for determining the strength of association in a logistic regression model. The terms attendance and compliance were considered to apply to women who had followed the 1–1–3 scheme throughout their lives, i.e. a cytology examination every 3 years after receiving two consecutive negative annual cytology results.

Results
Inclusion criteria were met by 309 women (≥18-year-olds having an active sexual life, having resided in the target community for at least one year); 15.2% had suitable P&P programme follow-up. Screening programme attendance was positively associated with first intercourse after becoming 20 years-old (aOR: 3.87; 1.03–9.50 95%CI; p = 0.045), frequent contraceptive use (aOR: 3.11; 1.16–8.33 95%CI; p = 0.023), awareness of the age to participate in P&P programmes (aOR: 2.69; 1.08–6.68 95%CI; p = 0.032), awareness of cytology’s usefulness in identifying cervical abnormalities (aOR: 2.43; 1.02–5.77 95%CI; p = 0.043) and considering cytology important (aOR: 2.64; 1.12–6.19 95%CI; p = 0.025). Women living in rural areas had a lower probability (aOR 0.43: 0.24–0.79 95%CI; p = 0.006) of adhering to CC P&P programmes.

Conclusions
This study’s findings suggested the need for including novel strategies in screening programmes which will promote CC P&P activities going beyond hospital outpatient attendance to reach the most remote or widely scattered communities, having the same guarantees regarding access, opportunity and quality. Including education-related activities and stimulating the population’s awareness regarding knowledge about CC prevention could be one of the main tools for furthering the impact of attendance at and compliance with P&P programmes.
The effects of gastrointestinal disturbances on the onset of depression and anxiety
Authors: Cantarero-Prieto David , Moreno-Mencia Patricia 
Published: January 2022

Background
Stomach pain is an ailment that occurs frequently in the general population. It is not unusual if such stomach issues produce some amount of stress in an individual, but it can be worrying if these pains lead to significant mental health problems. The relationship between some abdominal pain, such as bowel syndrome, and depression or anxiety has been gaining much interest. However, previous studies that have empirically investigated this relationship are scarce.

Methods
To analyze the impact of having gastrointestinal problems, among other socioeconomic conditions, on the onset of depression and anxiety in the Spanish population, we compare treating gastrointestinal diseases as exogenous in a single-equation probit model with a bivariate probit model in which this variable is treated as endogenous. A likelihood-ratio test of the correlation coefficient of the disturbances suggests that gastrointestinal problems are endogenous. Thus, the approach taken herein allows the direct testing of the hypothesis that having gastrointestinal problems and the onset of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety are jointly determined by certain socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional analytical study was analyzed using data from a 2017 survey of health indicators and life conditions that was developed by the Statistics Spanish Office.

Results
The probability of having depression or anxiety increases with age, stress, daily limitations and gastrointestinal disorders. On the other hand, the probability is lower for men, married people and those who engage in exercise several times per week. Our findings estimate that having gastrointestinal problems increases the probability of having depression in 7% and the probability of anxiety in 8.8% of the sample.

Conclusions
Our empirical results suggest that not considering the endogeneity of gastrointestinal problems could result in an overestimate of the impact of this factor on the development of depression or anxiety.