bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lavender and rosemary aromatherapy on test anxiety in chiropractic students
Authors: Enwright Paige , Blank Samantha , Wells Breanne M. , Nightingale Lia M. , Torgerud Steven 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTest anxiety is a debilitating disorder that can impair cognitive performance and affect academic success. Aromatherapy is commonly used for relaxation therapy. The primary aim of the study was to determine if nasal inhaler aromatherapy, utilizing a blend of rosemary and lavender essential oils, could be a useful strategy to reduce testing anxiety in students.MethodsThis study recruited first trimester chiropractic students enrolled in both Neuroanatomy I and Biochemistry I. A randomized crossover design was utilized over 2 study days during final exams, with a 2-day wash-out period. Participants were randomly assigned into groups based on results of test anxiety analysis. On each day, students were given a nasal inhaler with either an aromatherapy blend of lavender and rosemary essential oils or distilled water as the control. Students completed pretest surveys and posttest surveys to rate their anxiety levels. Paired sample t-tests were performed to determine group differences in test anxiety. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted.ResultsForty-five students were randomly assigned into the study, whereas only 38 completed per-protocol. Between group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between change in anxiety scores between aromatherapy and control for both intention-to-treat (p =.10) and per-protocol (p =.07).ConclusionUse of personal inhalers and aromatherapy diffusers were not shown to reduce test anxiety in a chiropractic population under high-stakes examination. Other options should be explored for future research.
Sexual Maturity Scale of the Swimming Crab Callinectes pallidus (Rochebrune, 1883) from Lake Nokoué in South Benin, West Africa
Authors: Dessouassi Comlan Eugène , Akele David G. , Tokpon Yissegnon A. , Gougbedji Armel , Laleye Philippe A. 
Published: October 2022

Aims: Reproductive parameters are important tools for the sustainable management of halieutic species in the water bodies of its exploitation. This study intends to characterize the sexual maturity scale of swimming crab Callinectes pallidus, perform testicular and ovarian structures in order to develop a specific maturity scale.
Study Design: This study was carried out with macroscopic and microscopic observations of 394 specimens of crabs including 206 females and 188 males.
Place and Duration of Study: The specimens used in this study were collected monthly from March to July 2018 from small scale fisheries of Lake Nokoué (Benin).
Methodology: At the laboratory, each crab specimen is identified and its sex determined. Grids for describing each sexual maturity stage of the crab C. pallidus were developed based on the Zairon et al. (2015) scale. Histological sections of female and male gonads were analyzed in order to certify the different stages of sexual development noted from the macroscopic study.
Results: Macroscopic analysis of external and internal anatomy and histological study of male and female gonads of C. pallidus allowed to establish a sexual maturity scale with 5 stages in females and 4 stages in males respectively. Macroscopic observations made with a binocular magnifying glass allowed to describe the characteristic features of the sexual development cycle of the species. The histological study confirmed the results of the macroscopic analysis. Significant difference was recorded between the mean oocytes diameters of the different oocyte development stages (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The outcomes of this constitute an important database for the assessment of the reproductive parameters of the species in the water bodies of its exploitation. The stages IV and V are the mature steps in the female development whereas the stages III and IV are that of the male. It is recommended to allow C. pallidus reach the sexual maturity size (5,95 cm for female and 6,38 cm for male) before their exploitation to ensure the sustainable management of the species.
Reliability and Validity of an Instrument of COVID-19 Patient-Reported Symptoms in Outpatients
Authors: Rofail Diana , Griffiths Pip , Flore Giulio , Hussein Mohamed , Sivapalasingam Sumathi , Podolanczuk Anna J. , Rodriguez Ana Maria , Mastey Vera , Gwaltney Chad 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePatient-reported outcome instruments are key in assessing COVID-19–related symptoms and associated burden. However, a valid and reliable instrument to assess symptom severity and progression among outpatients with COVID-19 is not yet available.ObjectivesTo assess the extent to which the Symptoms Evolution of COVID-19 (SE-C19) instrument is valid, reliable, and able to detect symptom changes in outpatients with COVID-19, as well as to establish a definition of symptom resolution.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this diagnostic/prognostic study, psychometric properties of SE-C19 were assessed in participants recruited into an ongoing, adaptive, phase 1/2/3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, during 2020 to 2022. Adult outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19 were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 2.4 g or 8.0 g intravenous casirivimab and imdevimab or placebo, in outpatient centers at 114 sites, from 2 countries (US and Mexico).Main Outcomes and MeasuresReliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the SE-C19 were assessed. SE-C19 and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGIS) were administered daily from predose at day 1 to day 29.ResultsAnalysis was conducted on 657 adult outpatients (342 female patients [52.1%], 562 White patients [85.5%]), and 337 non-Hispanic patients [51.3%]. At baseline, patients reported a mean (SD) of 6.6 (3.9) symptoms (ie, rated as at least mild) with a mean (SD) of 3.8 (3.3) of these symptoms being rated as moderate or severe. Stable patients according to PGIS showed scores with intraclass correlation values indicating moderate-to-good test-retest reliability (ie, 0.50-0.90). At baseline, 20 item scores (87%) varied significantly across PGIS-defined groups, supporting the validity of the SE-C19. A symptom-resolution end point was defined after excluding the item sneezing due to its low ability to discriminate severity levels, and excluding confusion, rash, and vomiting, due to their low prevalence in this population. Symptom resolution required complete absence of all remaining items, except cough, fatigue, and headache, which could be mild or moderate in severity. A total of 19 of 23 items from the SE-C19 instrument were identified as valid and reliable to measure disease-related symptoms in outpatients with COVID-19.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study identified 19 items that are valid and reliable to measure disease-related symptoms in outpatients with COVID-19, and proposed a definition of symptom resolution for potential use in future clinical trials.
Surface‐Doping‐Induced Mobility Modulation Effect for Transport Enhancement in Organic Single‐Crystal Transistors
Authors: Shan Yu , Wang Jiawei , Guo Zean , Liu Dongyang , Zhao Ying , Lu Nianduan , Li Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMolecular doping has conventionally been an effective way to improve the electrical‐transport performances in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), while corresponding mechanisms associated with specific doping techniques have been less investigated and discussed in detail. Here, based on ultrathin dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DNTT) single crystals, robust transconductance enhancements are realized in OFETs upon surface molecular doping realized via van der Waals epitaxially growing crystalline 1,3,4,5,7,8‐hexafluoro‐tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) onto the single crystal's surface. It is proposed that it is the mobility modulation effect (MME) from the interactions between charge‐transfer interface and gate electric field, that contributes to more weighted bulk carriers, and finally improves charge‐transport performances. The evaluations are further supported by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) surface potential characterizations, which manifest the gate‐induced more delocalized holes near the charge‐transfer interfaces. Space‐charge‐limited current (SCLC) investigations, numerical calculations, and theoretical mobility modeling are also performed to corroborate the analysis. This study can deepen the understanding of charge transport in doped semiconductors and provide effective ways for optimizing the electrical performance of organic devices.
A Demulsification–Crystallization Model for High‐Quality Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Peng Chencheng , Zhang Rui , Chen Hongting , Liu Yang , Zhang Shuai , Fang Tao , Guo Runda , Zhang Jibin , Shan Qingsong , Jin Yizheng , Wang Lei , Hou Lintao , Zeng Haibo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA room‐temperature technique with all‐nonpolar‐solvent, which circumvents the sensitivity of ionic perovskite to polar solvent, has become attractive for the synthesis of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). However, the lack of understanding of the inner mechanism, especially for the state of the precursor and the crystallization process of the PNCs, hinders further development of this technique. Here, through systematic study of the Pb precursor and in situ characterization of the PNCs, it is revealed that the reverse micelle nature of the Pb precursor exactly creates a novel demulsification‐crystallization (D–C) model, namely, a two‐stage nucleation is divided by a demulsification process for the PNCs. On this basis, a top efficiency for green light‐emitting diodes based on PNCs is obtained with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.5% through tailoring the D–C model using a multiple‐acid‐anion synergistic assisted strategy to obtain high‐quality PNCs. Beyond the high efficiency, the work paves the way for diverse ideas in PNC synthesis.
Electrolyte for High‐Energy‐ and Power‐Density Zinc Batteries and Ion Capacitors
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Xiaohan , Pietsch Tobias , Plietker Bernd , Brunner Eike , Ruck Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrowth of dendrites, limited coulombic efficiency (CE), and the lack of high‐voltage electrolytes restrict the commercialization of zinc batteries and capacitors. These issues are resolved by a new electrolyte, based on the zinc(II)–betaine complex [Zn(bet)2][NTf2]2. Solutions in acetonitrile (AN) avoid dendrite formation. A Zn||Zn cell operates stably over 10 110 h (5055 cycles) at 0.2 mA cm−2 or 110 h at 50 mA cm−2, and has an area capacity of 113 mAh cm−2 at 80% depth of discharge. A zinc–graphite battery performs at 2.6 V with a midpoint discharge‐voltage of 2.4 V. The capacity‐retention at 3 A g−1 (150 C) is 97% after 1000 cycles and 68% after 10 000 cycles. The charge/discharge time is about 24 s at 3.0 A g−1 with an energy density of 49 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 6864 W kg−1 based on the cathode. A zinc||activated‐carbon ion‐capacitor (coin cell) exhibits an operating‐voltage window of 2.5 V, an energy density of 96 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 610 W kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1. At 12 A g−1, 36 Wh kg−1, and 13 600 W kg−1 are achieved with 90% capacity‐retention and an average CE of 96% over 10 000 cycles. Quantum‐chemical methods and vibrational spectroscopy reveal [Zn(bet)2(AN)2]2+ as the dominant complex in the electrolyte.
Reducing Trap Density in Organic Solar Cells via Extending the Fused Ring Donor Unit of an A–D–A‐Type Nonfullerene Acceptor for Over 17% Efficiency
Authors: Zhou Jixiang , He Dan , Li Yawen , Huang Fei , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Cheng , Yuan Yongbo , Lin Yuze , Wang Chunru , Zhao Fuwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe high trap density (generally 1016 to 1018 cm−3) in thin films of organic semiconductors is the primary reason for the inferior charge‐carrier mobility and large nonradiative recombination energy loss (ΔEnr) in organic solar cells (OSCs), limiting improvement in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, the trap density in OSCs is efficiently reduced via extending the donor core of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) from a heptacyclic unit to a nonacyclic unit. TTPIC‐4F with a nonacyclic unit has stronger intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, affording higher crystallinity in thin films relative to its counterpart BTPIC‐4F. Thus, the D18:TTPIC‐4F‐based device achieves a lower trap density of 4.02 × 1015 cm−3, comparable to some typical high‐performance inorganic/hybrid semiconductors, with higher mobility and inhibited charge‐carrier recombination in devices. Therefore, the D18:TTPIC‐4F‐based OSC exhibits an impressive PCE of 17.1% with a low ΔEnr of 0.208 eV, which is the best known value for A–D–A‐type NFAs. Therefore, extending the donor core of NFAs is an efficient method for suppressing trap states in OSCs for high PCEs.
Taming Solvent–Solute Interaction Accelerates Interfacial Kinetics in Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jin Cheng‐Bin , Yao Nan , Xiao Ye , Xie Jin , Li Zeheng , Chen Xiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium (Li)‐metal batteries promise energy density beyond 400 Wh kg−1, while their practical operation at an extreme temperature below −30 °C suffers severe capacity deterioration. Such battery failure highly relates to the remarkably increased kinetic barrier of interfacial processes, including interfacial desolvation, ion transportation, and charge transfer. In this work, the interfacial kinetics in three prototypical electrolytes are quantitatively probed by three‐electrode electrochemical techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Desolvation as the limiting step of interfacial processes is validated to dominate the cell impedance and capacity at low temperature. 1,3‐Dioxolane‐based electrolyte with tamed solvent–solute interaction facilitates fast desolvation, enabling the practical Li|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cells at −40 °C to retain 66% of room‐temperature capacity and withstand remarkably fast charging rate (0.3 C). The barrier of desolvation dictated by solvent–solute interaction environments is quantitatively uncovered. Regulating the solvent–solute interaction by low‐affinity solvents emerges as a promising solution to low‐temperature batteries.
Impact of Asian soybean rust on vegetable soybean, considering two stages of development
Authors: Casas‐Leal Nelson Enrique , Pereira Fernanda Aparecida Castro , Rocha Gabriela Antônia de Freitas , Carvalho Renato Sérgio Batista , Vello Natal Antônio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiseases can cause negative impacts during all stages of development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Asian soybean rust (ASR) (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) is the most destructive. The impact of ASR on vegetable soybean (consumed when the seeds are still immature) have not been studied rigorously. Thus, in a 2‐yr study, we assessed 42 F6 lines from crosses of soybean vegetable genotypes and three commercial cultivars (‘BRS 257’, ‘BRS 267’ and ‘IAC 100’) in two sites. During the R6 and R8 development stages, the genotypes were evaluated for 10 traits. The joint analysis showed that the interactions were significative for the most traits. The significance of the rust effect allowed us to identify the genotypes in which the losses were nonsignificant. We observed that ASR affected two stages of plant development. However, information about ASR losses quantified by the rust reaction rate (RRR) enabled the researchers to select lines that could be used in breeding programs aiming towards ASR tolerance. We found three lines that were superior to one of the cultivar checks. Furthermore, cluster analysis for RRR was useful in establishing the most promising groups of vegetable soybean genotypes for use in hybridization aiming to expand the genetic base for vegetable soybeans and integrate new genetic resources of vegetable soybean in the Brazilian genetic pool to ensure genetic gain.
Genomic detection of a secondary family burial in a single jar coffin in early Medieval Korea
Authors: Lee Don‐Nyeong , Jeon Chae Lin , Kang Jiwon , Burri Marta , Krause Johannes , Woo Eun Jin , Jeong Choongwon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesFamily relationship is a key to understand the structure of past societies but its archeological reconstruction mostly stays circumstantial. Archaeogenetic information, especially genome‐wide data, provide an objective approach to accurately reconstruct the familial relationship of ancient individuals, thus allowing a robust test of an archaeology‐driven hypothesis of kinship. In this study, we applied this approach to disentangle the genetic relationship of early Medieval individuals from Korea, who were secondarily co‐buried in a single jar coffin.Materials and MethodsWe obtained genome‐wide data of six early Medieval Korean individuals from a jar coffin. We inferred the genetic relatedness between these individuals and characterized their genetic profiles using well‐established population genetics methods.ResultsCongruent with the unusual pattern of multiple individuals in a single jar coffin, genome‐wide analysis of these individuals shows that they form an extended family, including a couple, their two children and both paternal and maternal relatives. We show that these early Medieval Koreans have a genetic profile similar to present‐day Koreans.DiscussionWe show that an unusual case of the secondary multiple burial in a single jar coffin reflects family relationship among the co‐buried individuals. We find both paternal and maternal relatives co‐buried with the nuclear family, which may suggest a family structure with limited gender bias. We find the genetic profile of early Medieval Koreans similar to that of present‐day Koreans, showing that the genetic root of the present‐day Koreans goes back at least 1500 years in the Korean peninsula.
Achievement of high surface charge in poly(vinylidene fluoride) fiber yarns through dipole orientation during fabrication
Authors: Bokka Sreevalli , Li Yue , Reneker Darrell H. , Chase George G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrospun fiber materials are of scientific interest for use in multiple application areas. Charged fiber structures show enhanced properties as desired for some of these applications. One factor influencing the charge on the fiber structure that has not been explored is fiber alignment. Electrospun fiber structures, such as membranes, typically consist of randomly oriented fibers. Structural properties of the membranes such as mechanical strength are known to be affected by the random orientation of the fibers. It is suspected that fiber orientation may also affect the charge capacity of charged fiber structures. A few approaches to form electrospun yarns have been reported. Some of these approaches can also cause fibers to preferentially align along the yarn axis instead of assembling into a random structure. In this work, a rotating metal cone was used to collect Poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fibers from which stretched yarns were drawn and twisted into yarns. The alignment of the fibers in the yarns was controllable to a degree that allowed exploration of the effect of alignment on charge. Long continuous oriented or random yarns of relatively uniform thickness were produced at a rate of about 10 m/h. The yarns were polarized by methods of heating, stretching, and poling. The results show that the fiber yarn formation process endows more charges to the fibers compared to the normal fiber membrane electrospinning and post polarization. This provides a facile route for the preparation of enhanced charge‐functionalized fiber structures for a wide range of applications.
Final results from the ribavirin pregnancy registry, 2004–2020
Authors: Sinclair Susan M. , Jones Judith K. , Miller Richard K. , Greene Michael F. , Kwo Paul Y. , Maddrey Willis C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Significant teratogenic effects have been demonstrated for ribavirin in animal studies. Ribavirin is prescribed for chronic hepatitis C and is contraindicated in pregnant women and their male sexual partners. Both are advised to avoid pregnancy for 6 months after exposure. The registry monitored pregnancy exposures to oral formulations of ribavirin for hepatitis C for signals of possible human teratogenicity from 2004 to 2020.Methods: Pregnant women were voluntarily enrolled following direct exposure (ribavirin use during pregnancy or the 6 months prior) or indirect exposure (through sexual contact during pregnancy or 6 months prior, with a man who has taken ribavirin within 6 months). Women were followed until the end of pregnancy. Infants were followed until 1 year of age. Birth defect rates were compared with the published rate of 2.67 per 100 live births from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP).Results: The registry enrolled 280 pregnancies resulting in 186 live births: eight birth defect cases among 88 directly exposed [9.09% (8/88, 95% CI: 4.01, 17.13)], and six birth defect cases among 98 indirectly exposed [6.12% (6/98, 95% CI: 2.28, 12.85)]. The 95% CI around the birth defect rate among directly exposed pregnancies exceeds the MACDP rate; however, no patterns suggestive of a teratogenic mechanism or safety signal were detected.Conclusion: Based on the patterns of birth defects reported, the final results from this registry do not suggest a clear signal of human teratogenicity for ribavirin. The registry did not meet sample size requirements; therefore, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results.
MicroRNA‐433‐3p enhances chemosensitivity of glioma to cisplatin by downregulating NR5A2
Authors: Li Jun , Gu Jingshun , Wang Juntong , You Aiwu , Zhang Yuyan , Rao Guomin , Li Shuang , Ge Xuehua , Zhang Kun , Wang Dongchun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe attempted to investigate influence of microRNA‐433‐3p on malignant progression of glioma and identify its molecular mechanism, thus laying groundwork for glioma management.MethodsExpression data along with clinical data of glioma were accessed from the TCGA database for differential and survival analyses to look for the target differentially expressed genes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot were utilized to assess NR5A2 mRNA and protein expression in different glioma cell lines, respectively. MTT, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were carried out to assay the impact of NR5A2 on behaviors of glioma cells in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the upstream microRNA of NR5A2 in glioma, while dual‐luciferase and western blot assays were used to detect binding of microRNA and NR5A2. Chemosensitivity of glioma cells was evaluated by cisplatin cytotoxicity test.ResultsNR5A2 was upregulated in both glioma tissues and cell lines. Dual‐luciferase assay result showed binding site of microRNA‐433‐3p on NR5A2 mRNA 3′UTR, and microRNA‐433‐3p reduced NR5A2 expression. Cell assays revealed that silencing NR5A2 could hamper proliferation, invasion, and migration and enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin while promoting glioma cell apoptosis and blocking glioma cells in G0/G1 phase. Rescue experiments also indicated that microRNA‐433‐3p suppressed glioma malignant progression via inhibiting NR5A2.ConclusionMicroRNA‐433‐3p which is significantly poorly expressed in glioma targets NR5A2 to suppress glioma malignant progression and enhance chemosensitivity to cisplatin.