bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy on Cataract and Its Treatment Options Among Patients with Operable Cataract: A Cross Sectional Study from Moradabad (India)
Authors: Gupta Richa , Gupta Akansha , Omair Mossab , Chauhan Lokesh , Agarwal Pradeep , Khurana Ashi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the awareness of cataract disease and treatment options among patients with operable cataract.

Methods:
Participants were selected by means of eye disease screenings throughout Moradabad district. A pre-tested structured, content-validated questionnaire, translated in Hindi, was used for seeking study-related information and consisted of three sections: 1) Socio-demographic characteristics, 2) Knowledge and 3) Attitude of patients regarding cataract and its treatment. Questionnaire was administered by a trained interviewer after it was determined that the patient needed cataract surgery.

Results:
A total of 192 participants were interviewed. Of all, 98.5% patients were aware of their condition. Surgery as a treatment for cataract was known to 57.6% respondents. 50.2% patients knew that during surgery, natural lens was replaced with an artificial lens. 89.2% believed that the cost of cataract surgery prevented people from seeking interventions, while 31.5% deemed it unaffordable. An acquaintance getting operated was the motivating factor for 47.3% patients. The principal barriers in seeking cataract treatment were found to be lack of accessibility and fear of pain in by 98% and 65.5% of patients respectively.

Conclusion:
Our study highlighted that majority of the respondents were aware of cataract as a disease, but the potential barriers preventing them from seeking treatment were accessibility, cost of surgery and personal belief. This study emphasizes the need for increasing the uptake of cataract services in the North Indian community. We apprehend that focused propagation of knowledge and communication will successfully enhance demand for cataract surgical services.
Automatic contouring QA method using a deep learning–based autocontouring system
Authors: Rhee Dong Joo , Akinfenwa Chidinma P. Anakwenze , Rigaud Bastien , Jhingran Anuja , Cardenas Carlos E. , Zhang Lifei , Prajapati Surendra , Kry Stephen F. , Brock Kristy K. , Beadle Beth M. , Shaw William , O'Reilly Frederika , Parkes Jeannette , Burger Hester , Fakie Nazia , Trauernicht Chris , Simonds Hannah , Court Laurence E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the most accurate similarity metric when using an independent system to verify automatically generated contours.MethodsA reference autocontouring system (primary system to create clinical contours) and a verification autocontouring system (secondary system to test the primary contours) were used to generate a pair of 6 female pelvic structures (UteroCervix [uterus + cervix], CTVn [nodal clinical target volume (CTV)], PAN [para‐aortic lymph nodes], bladder, rectum, and kidneys) on 49 CT scans from our institution and 38 from other institutions. Additionally, clinically acceptable and unacceptable contours were manually generated using the 49 internal CT scans. Eleven similarity metrics (volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance, 95% Hausdorff distance, mean surface distance, and surface DSC with tolerances from 1 to 10 mm) were calculated between the reference and the verification autocontours, and between the manually generated and the verification autocontours. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to determine the threshold that separates clinically acceptable and unacceptable contours for each structure. The 11 metrics were investigated individually and in certain combinations. Linear, radial basis function, sigmoid, and polynomial kernels were tested using the combinations of metrics as inputs for the SVM.ResultsThe highest contouring error detection accuracies were 0.91 for the UteroCervix, 0.90 for the CTVn, 0.89 for the PAN, 0.92 for the bladder, 0.95 for the rectum, and 0.97 for the kidneys and were achieved using surface DSCs with a thickness of 1, 2, or 3 mm. The linear kernel was the most accurate and consistent when a combination of metrics was used as an input for the SVM. However, the best model accuracy from the combinations of metrics was not better than the best model accuracy from a surface DSC as an input.ConclusionsWe distinguished clinically acceptable contours from clinically unacceptable contours with an accuracy higher than 0.9 for the targets and critical structures in patients with cervical cancer; the most accurate similarity metric was surface DSC with a thickness of 1, 2, or 3 mm.
In Situ Reconstruction of Partially Hydroxylated Porous Rh Metallene for Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Seawater Splitting
Authors: Mao Qiqi , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDesigning efficient and durable electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis shows a great research prospect, but it remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the partially hydroxylated Rh metallene (Rh/RhOOH metallene) with porous, ultrathin, defect‐rich and hetero‐phase structure for ethylene glycol (EG)‐assisted seawater electrolysis. In parallel, the unique redox effect of RhOOH species and EG as well as the electroreduction effect riggers the in situ reconstruction for the catalyst during electrocatalysis, which further produces active Rh species to optimize the catalytic activity center and surface catalytic reaction. Benefiting from the unique metallene structure and the Rh/RhOOH heterogeneous structure, the Rh/RhOOH metallene exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, overpotential of 29 mV) and EG oxidation reaction (EGOR, specific activity of 1.051 mA cm–2). Encouragingly, in the constructed EG‐assisted seawater electrolysis system, the Rh/RhOOH metallene only needs a low cell voltage of 0.678 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 for energy‐saving H2 production, which significantly reduces energy consumption compared to conventional seawater electrolysis.
Self‐Confirming Magnetosomes for Tumor‐Targeted T1/T2 Dual‐Mode MRI and MRI‐Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Jiang Gexuan , Fan Di , Tian Jiesheng , Xiang Zhichu , Fang Qiaojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanomaterials as T1/T2 dual‐mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have great potential in improving the accuracy of tumor diagnosis. Applications of such materials, however, are limited by the complicated chemical synthesis process and potential biosafety issues. In this study, the biosynthesis of manganese (Mn)‐doped magnetosomes (MagMn) that not only can be used in T1/T2 dual‐mode MR imaging with self‐confirmation for tumor detection, but also improve the photothermal conversion efficiency for MRI‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) is reported. The MagMn nanoparticles (NPs) are naturally produced through the biomineralization of magnetotactic bacteria by doping Mn into the ferromagnetic iron oxide crystals. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that targeting peptides functionalized MagMn enhanced both T1 and T2 MRI signals in tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth by the further MRI‐guided PTT. It is envisioned that the biosynthesized multifunctional MagMn nanoplatform may serve as a potential theranostic agent for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Acidic Hydrogen‐Tethered Allylic Carbonates for Phosphine‐Catalyzed (4+2) Annulation of Sulfamate‐Derived Cyclic Imines
Authors: Liu Min , Liao Jianning , Dong Yujie , Shi Wangyu , Hu Yimin , Xu Jiaqing , Wang Wei , Xu Yong , Guo Hongchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe acidic hydrogen‐tethered allylic carbonates were successfully applied in phosphine catalysis. Their (4+2) annulation reaction with sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines under phosphine catalysis worked well to produce tetrahydropyridine‐fused heterocyclic compounds in high yields. A moderate ee was obtained in the initial screening. The zwitterionic intermediate produced through in‐situ deprotonation functioned as a four‐membered synthon.magnified image
Elastic and Inelastic Spin Transport in SrTiO3‐based Magnetic Heterostructure
Authors: Soya Nozomi , Katase Takayoshi , Ando Kazuya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith recent developments in the field of spin‐orbitronics, two‐dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with Rashba‐type spin‐orbit coupling have emerged as an important component of spin‐based devices. One of the promising platforms is the 2DEG in SrTiO3‐based structures, which has been the fundamental building block of oxide electronics. The 2DEG formed due to the redox reactions at metal/SrTiO3 interfaces has been incorporated into magnetic heterostructures, demonstrating efficient spin‐to‐charge conversion through the inverse Edelstein effect due to the sizable Rashba spin‐orbit coupling. However, evidence for the charge‐to‐spin conversion, a technologically more important process, has been lacking, and furthermore, the spin transport mechanism in the magnetic heterostructure has been unclear. Here, the charge‐to‐spin conversion induced by the direct Edelstein effect in the 2DEG at an Al/SrTiO3 interface is demonstrated. The effective charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency of the 2DEG exceeds 10% at room temperature, which is comparable to that of the archetypal spin‐to‐charge converter, Pt. The high effective charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency is found to be suppressed by decreasing temperature, demonstrating a crossover of the dominant spin transport mechanism from the inelastic tunneling to elastic tunneling induced by decreasing temperature. These findings will provide a clue to unlock the full potential of oxide‐based spin‐orbitronic devices.
Modelling torus behaviour in a fish farming cage
Authors: Nishikawa Haruka , Fukushima Hisashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince it is not usually possible to observe all of the fish in a school, it is difficult to monitor farmed fish in a crowded cage with the aim of scrutinising their condition. One possible solution to this problem is the use of simulations. The aim of this study is to simulate fish movement in a cage to be able to propose an optimal monitoring method based on limited observations made by instruments. In this study, we observed a Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) school in a fish cage at a fish farm and attempted to simulate their movement. The Yellowtail, while milling in a cage, forms a stable truncated cone‐shaped school. We successfully reproduced this shape of school by including the effects of negative phototropism and the hypothetical forces that fish experience from the cage wall, in addition to the forces of attraction, repulsion and orientation that have been postulated in previous studies. We also included the effect of intraspecific interaction. We hypothesise that longer fish exert a greater repulsive force on smaller fish. The results of our simulation suggest that the position of any fish in a school is thus a function of its length.
Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis onElaphurus davidianus
Authors: Heckeberg Nicola S. , Zachos Frank E. , Kierdorf Uwe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntlers are the most conspicuous trait of cervids and have been used in the past to establish a classification of their fossil and living representatives. Since the availability of molecular data, morphological characters have generally become less important for phylogenetic reconstructions. In recent years, however, the appreciation of morphological characters has increased, and they are now more frequently used in addition to molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cervids. A persistent challenge when using antler traits in deer systematics is finding a consensus on the homology of structures. Here, we review early and recent attempts to homologize antler structures and objections to this approach, compare and evaluate recent advances on antler homologies, and critically discuss these different views in order to offer a basis for further scientific exchange on the topic. We further present some developmental aspects of antler branching patterns and discuss their potential for reconstructing cervid systematics. The use of heterogeneous data for reconstructing phylogenies has resulted in partly conflicting hypotheses on the systematic position of certain cervid species, on which we also elaborate here. We address current discussions on the use of different molecular markers in cervid systematics and the question whether antler morphology and molecular data can provide a consistent picture on the evolutionary history of cervids. In this context, special attention is given to the antler morphology and the systematic position of the enigmatic Pere David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus).
Gambits: Theory and evidence
Authors: Maharaj Shiva , Polson Nick , Turk Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGambits are central to human decision‐making. Our goal is to provide a theory of Gambits. A Gambit is a combination of psychological and technical factors designed to disrupt predictable play. Chess provides an environment to study gambits and behavioral game theory. Our theory is based on the Bellman optimality path for sequential decision‐making. This allows us to calculate the ‐values of a Gambit where material (usually a pawn) is sacrificed for dynamic play. On the empirical side, we study the effectiveness of a number of popular chess Gambits. This is a natural setting as chess Gambits require a sequential assessment of a set of moves (a.k.a. policy) after the Gambit has been accepted. Our analysis uses Stockfish 14.1 to calculate the optimal Bellman ‐values, which fundamentally measures if a position is winning or losing. To test whether Bellman's equation holds in play, we estimate the transition probabilities to the next board state via a database of expert human play. This then allows us to test whether the Gambiteer is following the optimal path in his decision‐making. Our methodology is applied to the popular Stafford and reverse Stafford (a.k.a. Boden–Kieretsky–Morphy) Gambit and other common ones including the Smith–Morra, Goring, Danish and Halloween Gambits. We build on research in human decision‐making by proving an irrational skewness preference within agents in chess. We conclude with directions for future research.
Green process innovations and firm marketing performance in the emerging markets
Authors: Mehraj Danish , Kaur Simranpreet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGreen issues have become imperative to business decision‐makers as industries face intensifying public sensitivity, stricter regulation, and mounting stakeholder pressures engrossed in preserving the natural environment. This increasing pressure is forcing businesses to the adoption of green marketing practices. In an attempt to revisit present‐day severe environmental issues, this paper studies the significant role of green process innovation in the Indian context. Data was collected from 400 manufacturing firms and was analyzed using the appropriate statistical tools to validate the model. The results suggest green process innovation plays a significant role in the relationship between green marketing practices and firm market performance. The findings contribute to the theory of the green marketing concept. Since this study's results expand the existing literature on the adoption of green marketing practices, valuable insights can be endowed to businesses and regulators for preserving the natural environment by considering green process innovation. Further, it offers wide‐ranging implications for managers, marketers and policymakers, which can help them improve their business operations and provide them with a competitive advantage over their competitors.
Wearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Chen Mengmeng , Peng Yuan , Li Shuang , Han Dianpeng , Ren Shuyue , Qin Kang , Li Sen , Han Tie , Wang Yu , Gao Zhixian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFatigue causes deleterious effects to physical and mental health of human being and may cause loss of lives. Therefore, the adverse effects of fatigue on individuals and the society are massive. With the ever‐increasing frequency of overtraining among modern military and sports personnel, timely, portable and accurate fatigue diagnosis is essential to avoid fatigue‐induced accidents. However, traditional detection methods require complex sample preparation and blood sampling processes, which cannot meet the timeliness and portability of fatigue diagnosis. With the development of flexible materials and biosensing technology, wearable biosensors have attracted increased attention to the researchers. Wearable biosensors collect biomarkers from noninvasive biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, and tears, followed by biosensing with the help of biosensing modules continuously and quantitatively. The detection signal can then be transmitted through wireless communication modules that constitute a method for real‐time understanding of abnormality. Recent developments of wearable biosensors are focused on miniaturized wearable electrochemistry and optical biosensors for metabolites detection, of which, few have exhibited satisfactory results in medical diagnosis. However, detection performance limits the wide‐range applicability of wearable fatigue diagnosis. In this article, the application of wearable biosensors in fatigue diagnosis has been discussed. In fact, exploration of the composition of different biofluids and their potential toward fatigue diagnosis have been discussed here for the very first time. Moreover, discussions regarding the current bottlenecks in wearable fatigue biosensors and the latest advancements in biochemical reaction and data communication modules have been incorporated herein. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities were discussed for wearable fatigue diagnosis in the future.
Enantioseparation of linezolid and tedizolid using validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Verma Nishant , Kumar Rajender , Tyagi Inderjeet , Gaur Aprajita , Bala Renu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the separation of two chiral antibacterial agents namely, linezolid and tedizolid using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method. In the current work, glycopeptide‐based chiral column, CHIROBIOTIC® V2 (5‐μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 4.6 mm) was employed with a mobile phase containing methanol and 0.15% aq. trifluoracetic acid (75:25%, v/v) in isocratic elution approach at flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The separation condition was customized (in terms of resolution values and retention times) was carried out by changing the content of the mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, and so on. Results showed that the chromatographic separation was achieved within 15 min and average resolution values were 4.6 and 4.8 for tedizolid and linezolid, respectively. The detection limit values were 14.85 and 14.16 ng ml−1, respectively, for tedizolid enantiomers. Further, validation of separation parameters was performed by considering the international conference on harmonization guidelines, and ultimately, the mechanism of chiral recognition was also established.
Topographic organization underlies intrinsic and morphological heterogeneity of central amygdala neurons expressing corticotropin‐releasing hormone
Authors: Li Jun‐Nan , Chen Kevin , Sheets Patrick L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) network consists of a heterogeneous population of inhibitory GABAergic neurons distributed across distinct subregions. While the specific roles for molecularly defined CeA neurons have been extensively studied, our understanding of functional heterogeneity within classes of molecularly distinct CeA neurons remains incomplete. In addition, manipulation of genetically defined CeA neurons has produced inconsistent behavioral results potentially due to broad targeting across CeA subregions. Therefore, elucidating heterogeneity within molecularly defined neurons in subdivisions of the CeA is pivotal for gaining a complete understanding of how CeA circuits function. Here, we used a multifaceted approach involving transgenic reporter mice, brain slice electrophysiology, and neuronal morphology to dissect the heterogeneity of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in topographically distinct subregions of the CeA. Our results revealed that intrinsic and morphological properties of CRH‐expressing (CRH+) neurons in the lateral (CeL) and medial (CeM) subdivisions of the CeA were significantly different. We found that CeL‐CRH+ neurons are relatively homogeneous in morphology and firing profile. Conversely, CeM‐CRH+ neurons displayed heterogeneous electrophysiological and morphological phenotypes. Overall, these results show phenotypic differences between CRH+ neurons in CeL and CeM.
Sex‐specific characteristics of cells expressing the cannabinoid 1 receptor in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Ke Jin , Zhou Yuan , Liu Xue , Huang Tianwen , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that robust sex differences exist in the processing of acute and chronic pain in both rodents and humans. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well characterized. The dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord is the fundamental building block of ascending and descending pain pathways. It has been shown that numerous neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems in the spinal cord, including the endocannabinoid system and its main receptor, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), play vital roles in processing nociceptive information. Our previous findings have shown that CB1R mRNA is widely expressed in the brain in sex‐dependent patterns. However, the sex‐, lamina‐, and cell‐type‐specific characteristics of CB1R expression in the spinal cord have not been fully described. In this study, the CB1R‐iCre‐EGFP mouse strain was generated to label and identify CB1R‐positive (CB1RGFP) cells. We reported no sex difference in CB1R expression in the lumbar dorsal horn of the spinal cord, but a dynamic distribution within superficial laminae II and III in female mice between estrus and nonestrus phases. Furthermore, the cell‐type‐specific CB1R expression pattern in the dorsal horn was similar in both sexes. Over 50% of CB1RGFP cells were GABAergic neurons, and approximately 25% were glycinergic and 20–30% were glutamatergic neurons. The CB1R‐expressing cells also represented a subset of spinal projection neurons. Overall, our work indicates a highly consistent distribution pattern of CB1RGFP cells in the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord in males and females.