bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and hygroscopicity of Rosa rugosa cv. Plena powders
Authors: Qiu Liqing , Zhang Min , Xu Baoguo , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRosa rugosa cv. Plena (RP) is a commercially significant crop with edible flowers. Due to its high medicinal and nutritional value, it has recently attracted increasing attention in the food industry. In this study, the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and hygroscopicity of four RP powders produced by ball milling were compared.RESULTSThe brightness, redness, and blueness of RP powders improved after superfine grinding. The water and oil holding capacity decreased with a reduction in the particle size but the water solubility index increased from 7.10% to 29.93%. The elements present in the powders were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by particle size while phytochemicals were released and extracted more easily after superfine grinding, resulting in higher anthocyanin, polyphenol, and flavonoid content (3.06, 34.01, and 3.97 mg g−1, respectively), and stronger antioxidant capacity than was found with other powders (ABTS (2,2′‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities were 24.51 and 39.81 mM trolox equivalents (TE) g−1, respectively). Superfine grinding also improved the water‐absorption capacity of RP powders under a high‐RH environment.CONCLUSIONSuperfine grinding is a promising technique for the production of RP powders with stronger bioactive substances and bioactivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification ofPulsatilla chinensis(Bge.) Regel and look‐alike species by UHPLC‐TOF‐MS using multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Ming‐Hua , Tian Jing , Yin Meng , Cheng Xian‐Long , Wei Feng , Ma Shuang‐Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulsatillae Radix, the root ofPulsatilla chinensis(Bge.) Regel, is recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and has been widely used for its pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and cardiovascular benefits. However, there are several look‐alike species that can be marketed as Pulsatillae Radix. To distinguishP. chinensis(Bge.) Regel from its look‐alikes, viz.Pulsatilla cernua(Thunb.) Bercht et Opiz.,Pulsatilla dahurica(Fisch.) Spreng.,Anemone tomeutosa(Maxim.) Pei., andRhaponticum uniflorum(L.) DC, we used ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis to compare their chemical compositions. Four ions, a (RT 8.98 min,m/z1381.6671), b (RT 10.64 min,m/z1219.6143), c (RT 11.52 min,m/z1217.5978), and d (RT 13.6 min,m/z749.4463), fromP. chinensis(Bge.) Regel were identified as potential chemical markers to distinguish it from look‐alike species using an unsupervised statistical model combined with orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. The results of this study provide an effective method for identifying and distinguishingP. chinensis(Bge.) Regel from similar plants.
DETERMINANTS OF SMALL BUSINESS REOPENING DECISIONS AFTER COVID RESTRICTIONS WERE LIFTED
Authors: Balla‐Elliott Dylan , Cullen Zoë B. , Glaeser Edward L. , Luca Michael , Stanton Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to dramatic economic disruptions, including government‐imposed restrictions that temporarily shuttered millions of American businesses. We use a nationwide survey of thousands of small business owners to establish three main facts about business owners’ decisions to reopen at the end of the lockdowns. First, roughly 60 percent of firms planned to reopen within days of the end of legal restrictions, suggesting that the lockdowns were generally binding for businesses—although nearly 30 percent expected to delay their reopening by at least a month. Second, decisions to delay reopenings did not seem to be driven by concerns about employee or customer health; even businesses in high‐proximity sectors with the highest health risks generally reported intentions to reopen as soon as regulations allowed. Third, pessimistic demand projections primarily explain delays among firms that could legally reopen. Owners expected demand to be one‐third lower than before the crisis throughout the pandemic. Using experimentally induced shocks to perceived demand, we find that a 10 percent decline in expected demand results in a 1.5 percentage point (8 percent) increase in the likelihood that firms expected to remain closed for at least one month after being legally able to open. We use follow‐up surveys to cross‐validate expectations with realized outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that governments set more stringent guidelines for reopening than what many businesses would have selected, suggesting that governments may have internalized costs of contagion that businesses did not.
Empagliflozin protects glomerular endothelial cell architecture in experimental diabetes through the VEGF‐A/caveolin‐1/PV‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Locatelli Monica , Zoja Carlamaria , Conti Sara , Cerullo Domenico , Corna Daniela , Rottoli Daniela , Zanchi Cristina , Tomasoni Susanna , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Benigni Ariela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn addition to having blood glucose‐lowering effects, inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) afford renoprotection in diabetes. We sought to investigate which components of the glomerular filtration barrier could be involved in the antiproteinuric and renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibition in diabetes. BTBR (black and tan, brachyuric) ob/ob mice that develop a type 2 diabetic nephropathy received a standard diet with or without empagliflozin for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age, when animals had developed albuminuria. Empagliflozin caused marked decreases in blood glucose levels and albuminuria but did not correct glomerular hyperfiltration. The protective effect of empagliflozin against albuminuria was not due to a reduction in podocyte damage as empagliflozin did not affect the larger podocyte filtration slit pore size nor the defective expression of nephrin and nestin. Empagliflozin did not reduce the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. In BTBR ob/ob mice, the most profound abnormality seen using electron microscopy was in the endothelial aspect of the glomerular capillary, with significant loss of endothelial fenestrations. Remarkably, empagliflozin ameliorated the subverted microvascular endothelial ultrastructure. Caveolae and bridging diaphragms between adjacent endothelial fenestrae were seen in diabetic mice and associated with increased expression of caveolin‐1 and the appearance of PV‐1. These endothelial abnormalities were limited by the SGLT2 inhibitor. Although no expression of SGLT2 was found in glomerular endothelial cells, SGLT2 was expressed in the podocytes of diabetic mice. VEGF‐A, which is a known stimulus for endothelial caveolin‐1 and PV‐1, was increased in podocytes of BTBR ob/ob mice and normalized by SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Thus, empagliflozin’s protective effect on the glomerular endothelium of diabetic mice could be due to a limitation of the paracrine signaling of podocyte‐derived VEGF‐A that resulted in a reduction of the abnormal endothelial caveolin‐1 and PV‐1, with the consequent preservation of glomerular endothelial function and permeability. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A Maximum Caliber analysis of the Foldon Hypothesis
Authors: Johnson Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDifferent models of protein folding favor different mechanisms. Some models rely on a defined pathway, while other models rely on a more heterogeneous set of pathways. The Foldon Hypothesis is based on the concept of a defined pathway. According to the Foldon Hypothesis, protein folding is characterized by the stepwise assembly of small, cooperative units called foldons. The Maximum Caliber (Max Cal) method provides an opportunity to test this model. The Max Cal method gives the probabilities for dynamical trajectories, in much the same way that the maximum entropy principle gives the probabilities for equilibrium states. In this study, the Max Cal method was applied to folding data for the protein cytochrome c (cyt c; Hu W, Kan ZY, Mayne L, Englander SW. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:3809–3814). The overall picture to emerge from this analysis is that the data do not require a dominant, defined pathway. The folding of cytochrome c is likely a heterogeneous process that includes multiple pathways.
Seedling growth and fall armyworm feeding preference influenced by dhurrin production in sorghum
Authors: Gruss Shelby M. , Ghaste Manoj , Widhalm Joshua R. , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyanogenic glucosides (CGs) play a key role in host-plant defense to insect feeding; however, the metabolic tradeoffs between synthesis of CGs and plant growth are not well understood. In this study, genetic mutants coupled with nondestructive phenotyping techniques were used to study the impact of the CG dhurrin on fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] (FAW) feeding and plant growth in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. A genetic mutation in CYP79A1 gene that disrupts dhurrin biosynthesis was used to develop sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting dhurrin contents in the Tx623 bmr6 genetic background. The NILs were evaluated for differences in plant growth and FAW feeding damage in replicated greenhouse and field trials. Greenhouse studies showed that dhurrin-free Tx623 bmr6 cyp79a1 plants grew more quickly than wild-type plants but were more susceptible to insect feeding based on changes in green plant area (GPA), total leaf area, and total dry weight over time. The NILs exhibited similar patterns of growth in field trials with significant differences in leaf area and dry weight of dhurrin-free plants between the infested and non-infested treatments. Taken together, these studies reveal a significant metabolic tradeoff between CG biosynthesis and plant growth in sorghum seedlings. Disruption of dhurrin biosynthesis produces plants with higher growth rates than wild-type plants but these plants have greater susceptibility to FAW feeding.
Digital cultural heritage standards: from silo to semantic web
Authors: O’Neill Brenda , Stapleton Larry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness.
Gorensteinness and iteration of Cox rings for Fano type varieties
Authors: Braun Lukas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that finitely generated Cox rings are Gorenstein. This leads to a refined characterization of varieties of Fano type: they are exactly those projective varieties with Gorenstein canonical quasicone Cox ring. We then show that for varieties of Fano type and Kawamata log terminal quasiconesX, iteration of Cox rings is finite with factorial master Cox ring. In particular, even if the class group has torsion, we can express suchXas quotients of a factorial canonical quasicone by a solvable reductive group.
Making a Difference: Planning for Engaged Participation in Environmental Research
Authors: Ferguson Daniel B. , Meadow Alison M. , Huntington Henry P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the rapid and accelerating rate of global environmental changes, too often research that has the potential to inform more sustainable futures remains disconnected from the context in which it could be used. Though transdisciplinary approaches (TDA) are known to overcome this disconnect, institutional barriers frequently prevent their deployment. Here we use insights from a qualitative comparative analysis of five case studies to develop a process for helping researchers and funders conceptualize and implement socially engaged research within existing institutional structures. The process we propose is meant to help researchers achieve societal as well as scientific outcomes relatively early in a project, as an end in itself or en route to greater engagement later. If projects that have a strong foundation of dialog and shared power wish to use TDA within current institutional and academic structures, we suggest that they focus on three process-based factors to increase their chances for success: (1) the maturity of relationships within a collaboration, (2) the level of context knowledge present within the collaborative team, and (3) the intensity of the engagement efforts within the project.
Cavity-dumped nanosecond Cr:LiSAF laser in the 985–1030 nm region for versatile seeding of Yb-based amplifiers
Authors: Demirbas Umit , Kärtner Franz X. , Pergament Mikhail 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report nanosecond (ns) cavity-dumped operation of a low-cost diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser around 1000 nm. The system is pumped with one 1-W single-emitter multimode diode at 665 nm. A Pockell cell (PC) and thin-film-polarizer (TFP) combination placed inside the cavity chops up an adjustable portion of the intracavity power and creates a variable time-dependent output coupler. Via adjusting the length and magnitude of the electrical signal going into the PC, output pulses with pulsewidths in the 2.5–500 ns range and with peak power levels above 10 W are generated at repetition rates up to 100 kHz. The central wavelength of the pulses could be smoothly tuned in the 985–1030 nm region, and is only limited by the anti-reflection coating bandwidth of the current PC and TFP. This versatile nanosecond source with 100 nJ level energies could serve as an attractive low-cost seed source for Yb-based amplifiers, including the cryogenic Yb:YLF systems.
Recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and paternal contribution, and the effect of offspring birthweight and sex: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Linde Lorentz Erland , Ebbing Cathrine , Moster Dag , Kessler Jörg , Baghestan Elham , Gissler Mika , Rasmussen Svein 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examines individual aggregation of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), paternal contribution and how offspring birthweight and sex influence recurrence of PPH. Further, we wanted to estimate the proportion of PPH cases attributable to a history of PPH or current birthweight.MethodsWe studied all singleton births in Norway from 1967 to 2017 using data from Norwegian medical and administrational registries. Subsequent births in the parents were linked. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PPH defined as blood loss > 500 ml, blood loss > 1500 ml, or the need for blood transfusion in parous women. Main exposures were previous PPH, high birthweight, and fetal sex. We calculated adjusted population attributable fractions for previous PPH and current high birthweight.ResultsMothers with a history of PPH had three- and sixfold higher risks of PPH in their second and third deliveries, respectively (adjusted OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.9–3.0 and 6.0; 5.5–6.6). Severe PPH (> 1500 ml) had the highest risk of recurrence. The paternal contribution to recurrence of PPH in deliveries with two different mothers was weak, but significant. If the neonate was male, the risk of PPH was reduced. A history of PPH or birthweight ≥ 4000 g each accounted for 15% of the total number of PPH cases.ConclusionA history of PPH and current birthweight exerted strong effects at both the individual and population levels. Recurrence risk was highest for severe PPH. Occurrence and recurrence were lower in male fetuses, and the paternal influence was weak.
Group decision-making with Fermatean fuzzy soft expert knowledge
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ali Ghous , Alcantud José Carlos R. , Riaz Aneesa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the rapid growth of population, the global impact of solar technology is increasing by the day due to its advantages over other power production technologies. Demand for solar panel systems is soaring, thus provoking the arrival of many new manufacturers. Sale dealers or suppliers face an uncertain problem to choose the most adequate technological solution. To effectively address such kind of issues, in this paper we propose the Fermatean fuzzy soft expert set model by combining Fermatean fuzzy sets and soft expert sets. We describe this hybrid model with numerical examples. From a theoretical standpoint, we demonstrate some essential properties and define operations for this setting. They comprise the definitions of complement, union and intersection, the OR operation and the AND operation. Concerning practice in this new environment, we provide an algorithm for multi-criteria group decision making whose productiveness and authenticity is dutifully tested. We explore a practical application of this approach (that is, the selection of a suitable brand of solar panel system). Lastly, we give a comparison of our model with certain related mathematical tools, including fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert set models.
KnowMIS-ABSA: an overview and a reference model for applications of sentiment analysis and aspect-based sentiment analysis
Authors: D’Aniello Giuseppe , Gaeta Matteo , La Rocca Ilaria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe analysis of the opinions of customers and users has been always of great interest in supporting decision-making in many fields, especially in marketing. Sentiment analysis (SA) is the umbrella term for techniques and approaches that analyze user’s sentiments, emotions, opinions in text or other media. The need for a better understanding of these opinions paved the way to novel approaches that focus on the analysis of the sentiment related to specific features of a product, giving birth to the field of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). Although the increasing interest in this discipline, there is still confusion regarding the basic concepts of ABSA: terms like sentiment, affect, emotion, opinion, are used as synonyms while they represent different concepts. This often leads to an incorrect analysis of the users’ opinions.This work presents an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques and approaches for ABSA, highlighting the main critical issues related to current trends in this field. Following this analysis, a new reference model for SA and ABSA, namely the KnowMIS-ABSA model, is proposed. The model is grounded on the consideration that sentiment, affect, emotion and opinion are very different concepts and that it is profoundly wrong to use the same metric and the same technique to measure them. Accordingly, we argue that different tools and metrics should be adopted to measure each of the dimensions of an opinion. A qualitative case study, regarding product reviews, is proposed to motivate the advantages of the KnowMIS-ABSA model.
Applications and Challenges of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On Satellite Gravimetry
Authors: Chen Jianli , Cazenave Anny , Dahle Christoph , Llovel William , Panet Isabelle , Pfeffer Julia , Moreira Lorena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTime-variable gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions have opened up a new avenue of opportunities for studying large-scale mass redistribution and transport in the Earth system. Over the past 19 years, GRACE/GRACE-FO time-variable gravity measurements have been widely used to study mass variations in different components of the Earth system, including the hydrosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and solid Earth, and significantly improved our understanding of long-term variability of the climate system. We carry out a comprehensive review of GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite gravimetry, time-variable gravity fields, data processing methods, and major applications in several different fields, including terrestrial water storage change, global ocean mass variation, ice sheets and glaciers mass balance, and deformation of the solid Earth. We discuss in detail several major challenges we need to face when using GRACE/GRACE-FO time-variable gravity measurements to study mass changes, and how we should address them. We also discuss the potential of satellite gravimetry in detecting gravitational changes that are believed to originate from the deep Earth. The extended record of GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity series, with expected continuous improvements in the coming years, will lead to a broader range of applications and improve our understanding of both climate change and the Earth system.
Shorter blooms expected with longer warm periods under climate change: an example from a shallow meso-eutrophic Mediterranean lake
Authors: Free Gary , Bresciani Mariano , Pinardi Monica , Peters Steef , Laanen Marnix , Padula Rosalba , Cingolani Alessandra , Charavgis Fedra , Giardino Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSatellite data from the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) lakes project were used to examine the influence of climate on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Nonparametric multiplicative regression and machine learning were used to explain Chl-a concentration trend and dynamics. The main parameters of importance were seasonality, interannual variation, lake level, water temperature, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and antecedent rainfall. No evidence was found for an earlier onset of the summer phytoplankton bloom related to the earlier onset of warmer temperatures. Instead, a curvilinear relationship between Chl-a and the temperature length of season above 20°C (LOS) was found with longer periods of warmer temperature leading to blooms of shorter duration. We suggest that a longer period of warmer temperatures in the summer may result in earlier uptake of nutrients or increased calcite precipitation resulting in a shortening of the duration of phytoplankton blooms. The current scenario of increasing LOS of temperature with climate change may lead to an alteration of phytoplankton phenological cycles resulting in blooms of shorter duration in lakes where nutrients become limiting. Satellite-derived information on lake temperature and Chl-a concentration proved essential in detecting trends at appropriate resolution over time.