bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legacy of thinning on woody species composition and structure in southern Appalachian Mountain hardwood forests: restoration implications
Authors: Keyser Tara L. , Rodrigue Jason A. 
Published: March 2022

In the Appalachian Mountains, Liriodendron tulipifera monocultures are widespread, with these forests lacking both species and structural diversity. In this study, we developed models that described the effects of thinning treatments, conducted almost 60 years ago, on the density, composition, and functional identity of the woody understory in L. tulipifera forests. The woody understory of these thinned L. tulipifera forests was diverse, with the small seedling (<1.4 m), large seedling (≥1.4 m and <2.54 cm dbh), and sapling (≥2.54 and <12.7 cm) layers possessing 38, 32, and 23 species, respectively. Although model performance was low to moderate (r2 = 0.05–0.40), we found that legacy effects, alone or in combination with environmental variables, explained, in part, the variability associated with the density, composition, and functional identity of the small seedling, large seedling, and sapling size classes, with the relative influence of legacy versus environmental effects varying by metric and size class. Post‐thinning basal area and/or percent of basal area removed were not the primary legacy effects influencing the woody understory. Instead, legacy effects associated with species composition of the overstory before and/or after thinning along with average stem diameter post‐thinning, variation in stem diameter post‐thinning, and age at the time of thinning were more influential than density or thinning intensity. This study provides evidence that conserving species diversity during forest management activities can have positive long‐term effects on composition and function of the woody understory and increase restoration potential.
Toxic waste and public procurement: The defense sector as a disproportionate contributor to pollution from public–private partnerships
Authors: Hill Dustin T. , Collins Mary B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic procurement is a large sector of the economy with most procurement going to the defense sector. Procurement by the defense sector includes purchases made through contracts to private businesses that manufacture durable goods. Manufacturing of these goods results in pollution production with toxic wastes being among the most dangerous pollutants for public health. Despite green purchasing policy goals, most transactions in the United States through defense contracts result in disproportionately high‐toxic pollution releases by manufacturers. We find that persistent exemptions granted defense agencies from following green purchasing policy result in a landscape where contractor environmental performance is unchanging with defense contractors persistently polluting in high amounts. Further, we find that defense contractors are linked to most toxic releases from procurement meaning that exemptions may be hindering potential advancements from green purchasing policy. Results can inform the design of new guidance about procurement and expand understanding of environmental inequality.
Reflections on course design and Islamic education
Authors: Javed Reem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the impact of a course design class on my development and use of a syllabus for a class titled Islamic Education. In Course Design the professor taught graduate students like me how to think and plan as a teacher. In my discussion, I share how student‐ and context‐centered pedagogy, at the core of thinking and planning as a teacher, manifested effectively in the pages of my syllabus and in the space of my classroom, demonstrating that the pedagogical insight and practices I learned speak to the needs and demands of today's classroom.
Antibody response to mRNA SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in 182 patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Beerlage Astrid , Leuzinger Karoline , Valore Luca , Mathew Roby , Junker Till , Drexler Beatrice , Passweg Jakob R. , Hirsch Hans H. , Halter Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are at high risk for infection‐related complications, and vaccination efficacy might be impaired depending on the immune reconstitution. In this study, we evaluate their response to mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsDuring routine follow‐up visits, patients were asked about their vaccination status and if they had a previous infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. In fully vaccinated patients, the antibody titer was measured using the Roche Elecsys Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 S test. A titer of <1 U/L was considered as negative, titers of ≥250 U/ml as a high antibody titer, and a titer of 50–249 U/ml as a low antibody titer. Patient characteristics were evaluated by chart review to identify risk factors for poor vaccination response.ResultsThe majority of patients developed a high antibody titer (138 out 182 patients, 75.8%). Risk factors for a low antibody titer were immunosuppressive therapy, a lymphocyte count <0.9 G/L, ongoing treatment for the underlying malignancy, and active graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). Donor type, underlying disease, a previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and sex did not significantly influence the response to the vaccination.DiscussionWhile patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation have been excluded from the initial registration trials, our real‐world experience with a large patient cohort confirms the data of previous studies, showing that most patients do have a good response to mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients shows an inadequate vaccination, which can be improved after a third vaccination in most cases despite immunosuppressive therapy.
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Trichophyton onychomycosis and deep dermatophytosis in a post‐heart transplant patient
Authors: Sriram Nivedita , Rutherford Audrey , La Hoz Ricardo , Thomas Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep dermatophytosis is an uncommon fungal infection of the dermis most often seen in the setting of immunocompromise. We report a case of trichophyton deep dermatophytosis in a patient with a history of orthotopic heart transplantation who presented with superficial white onychomycosis and papules and plaques on the legs.
Interventions to improve obstetric emergency referral decision making, communication and feedback between health facilities in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Avoka Cephas K. , McArthur Eve , Banke‐Thomas Aduragbemi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to review the evidence on interventions to improve obstetric emergency referral decision making, communication and feedback between health facilities in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Register and CINAHL Plus was conducted to identify studies on obstetric emergency referral in SSA. Studies were included based on pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Details of reported referral interventions were extracted and categorised. The Joanna Biggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists were used for quality assessment of included studies. A formal narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise findings guided by the WHO's referral system flow.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included, with seven deemed high quality. Overall, 7 studies reported referral decision‐making interventions including training programmes for health facility and community health workers, use of a triage checklist and focused obstetric ultrasound, which resulted in improved knowledge and practice of recognising danger signs for referral. 9 studies reported on referral communication using mobile phones and referral letters/notes, resulting in increased communication between facilities despite telecommunication network failures. Referral decision making and communication interventions achieved a perceived reduction in maternal mortality. 2 studies focused on referral feedback, which improved collaboration between health facilities.ConclusionThere is limited evidence on how well referral interventions work in sub‐Saharan Africa, and limited consensus regarding the framework underpinning the expected change. This review has led to the proposition of a logic model that can serve as the base for future evaluations which robustly expose the (in)efficiency of referral interventions.
Immunohematology testing using umbilical cord blood: review of the literature, survey of practice and guidance development
Authors: Hajjaj Omar I. , Clarke Gwen , Lieberman Lani ,   Canadian Obstetrical Pediatric Transfusion Network
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollowing delivery, blood tests are performed on umbilical cord blood (CB) to avoid neonatal venipuncture. Despite widespread and longstanding CB testing, no guidelines exist to suggest which immunohematology tests should be performed on CB.Study design and methodsWe performed a scoping review, surveyed national practice, and developed guidance statements concerning CB testing. Database searches identified relevant articles. A survey was sent to all Canadian hospitals and transfusion laboratories that perform perinatal testing. A national panel of experts was convened to develop guidance statements.ResultsA total of 116 articles met the inclusion criteria and were summarized. Literature on CB testing is limited; few studies have investigated laboratory testing methodologies or validated CB test results with peripheral samples. The survey was completed by 580/597 institutions (97%); 85% were community hospitals and 16% had a neonatal intensive care unit. There is diversity in the types of CB tests performed and variability in practice. While most centers order appropriately, some laboratories routinely perform CB tests that are not clinically indicated (e.g., direct antiglobulin testing for all neonates) and other do not perform CB tests when results would be beneficial (e.g., phenotype on CB when mother has a clinically significant antibody). Fifteen guidance statements were developed.DiscussionThis study highlights variability in CB testing, likely reflecting evidence gaps, methodology differences between studies, and lack of guidelines. CB tests should only be performed when indicated and validated on this sample type. The presented guidance statements aim to standardize practice and encourage judicious CB sampling.
Deep-sea hiatuses track the vigor of Cenozoic ocean bottom currents
Authors: Dutkiewicz Adriana , Müller R. Dietmar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The deep-sea stratigraphic record is full of gaps. These hiatuses track changes in ocean circulation and chemistry, but determining their timing and causes has been limited by sparse data and incomplete knowledge of ocean gateway evolution in earlier studies. We combine a significantly expanded, age-calibrated deep-sea stratigraphic database with a global tectonic and paleo–water depth model to investigate the distribution of &gt;400 Cenozoic hiatuses longer than ~0.2 m.y. We find that only a small number of hiatuses are due to carbonate dissolution. The majority of hiatuses were, by implication, caused by mechanical erosion and redistribution of sediments by bottom currents into regions of increased sedimentation such as contourite drifts. We link peaks in regional hiatuses to changes in ocean circulation and intensification of deep-water formation. Widespread hiatuses in the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and southern Indian oceans between ca. 34 Ma and 30 Ma are attributed to the coeval widening and deepening of the Drake Passage and the opening of the deep Tasman Gateway. A peak in hiatuses in the Atlantic in the early Miocene is linked to the initiation of a proto–Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation driven by the complete opening of the deep Drake Passage and the progressive closure of the Tethys seaway. A long-term 30% decline in hiatus frequency since ca. 14 Ma is synchronous with post–Miocene Climate Optimum cooling, suggesting the slowing of abyssal circulation. Our synthesis of deep-sea hiatuses could be used to track the fate of deep-sea sediments and to ground-truth deep-ocean circulation models.
How old are the Jack Hills metasediments really?: The case for contamination of bedrock by zircon grains in transported regolith
Authors: Kinny P.D. , Clark C. , Kirkland C.L. , Hartnady M. , Gillespie J. , Johnson T.E. , McDonald B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The enigmatic occurrence of Neoarchean- and Proterozoic-aged zircon grains in some samples of metasedimentary rocks from the Jack Hills, Western Australia, that otherwise appear to have been deposited before 3.0 Ga is explained by contamination with embedded zircon grains sourced from transported regolith. Zircon U-Pb age spectra obtained by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) analysis of modern alluvium in creek beds draining the metasedimentary belts of Mount Narryer and Jack Hills are dominated by these exotically sourced younger components, as is the red soil that partly covers and infiltrates fractures in the exposed Hadean zircon-bearing bedrock at Jack Hills. The consistency of the age patterns found in superficial deposits sampled over some 100 km implies a dominance of colluvium transported from the wider Yilgarn craton, adjacent Capricorn orogen, and more distal sources rather than material produced from the local (Mesoarchean and older) bedrocks. The potential for similar cases of “environmental contamination” of surface rocks by exogenous zircons needs to be considered more widely, particularly in situations where interpreted maximum deposition ages are based on only a small number of outlying youngest analyzed grains.
Re-Os geochronology for the Cambrian SPICE event: Insights into euxinia and enhanced continental weathering from radiogenic isotopes
Authors: Rooney Alan D. , Millikin Alexie E.G. , Ahlberg Per 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) represents a major perturbation to the global carbon cycle and was associated with trilobite extinctions and expansion of anoxic and/or euxinic water masses during episodes of eustatic sea-level change. We present a new Re-Os age together with Os and Nd isotope stratigraphy and major- and trace-element data from the Alum Shale Formation (Scania, Sweden). The Re-Os age of 494.6 ± 2.9 Ma is from the interval of peak δ13Corg values, providing the first radiometric age constraint for this Cambrian carbon isotope excursion, interpreted as a possible pre-Mesozoic ocean anoxia event, and the timing of biomere-level extinctions. The Os isotope chemostratigraphic profile can be explained by an increase in terrigenous weathering prior to the SPICE, potentially driven by sea-level fall, and in agreement with enhanced nutrient supply, primary productivity, and organic matter burial as the driver of the SPICE event. Post-SPICE, the Os isotopes become increasingly unradiogenic; however, invariant εNd(t) values argue against a change in provenance and instead support a decrease in the continental weathering flux, possibly related to eustatic sea-level rise.
Nanoscale trace-element zoning in pyrite framboids and implications for paleoproxy applications
Authors: Gregory Daniel D. , Kovarik Libor , Taylor Sandra D. , Perea Daniel E. , Owens Jeremy D. , Atienza Nicole , Lyons Timothy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pyrite framboids (spherical masses of nanoscale pyrite) are among the earliest textures of pyrite to form in sediments. It has been proposed that their trace-element (TE) contents can be used to track the TE composition of the water column in which they formed. However, it is not clear how these TEs are associated with the framboidal pyrite grains. For instance, it is important to know whether they are incorporated uniformly or are enriched in different regions of the framboid. We used high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy to identify chemical zoning within pyrite framboids. We found that initial, nanoscale pyrite euhedral crystals, which make up the volumetric majority of the framboids, are covered/infilled by later pyrite that templates on the earlier pyrite. Further, this later pyrite is enriched in TEs, suggesting that many TEs are incorporated in pyrite relatively late (during early diagenesis; not in the water column). This observation suggests that although chemical analyses of pyrite framboids may provide ocean-water chemistry trends through time, the details are complex. Specifically, the TEs found in pyrite may be linked to adsorption onto organic matter, detrital material, and authigenic minerals such as Fe- and Mn-oxide phases followed by desorption in the sediments or release via dissolution and incorporation into pyrite as overgrowths on the initial nanoscale euhedral crystals that make up framboids. While the use of pyrite chemistry to understand past ocean conditions remains promising, and even diagenetic additions may not preclude the utility of pyrite for reconstructing ancient ocean conditions, care must be taken in interpretations because the end concentration may be influenced by diagenesis.
Groundwater seepage is a key driver of theater-headed valley formation in limestone
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Saadatkhah Nader , Spiteri Jurgen , Rizzo Enzo , Capozzoli Luigi , De Martino Gregory , Pace Letizia , Burrill Christine , Gatt Michael , Schmidt Mark , Gupta Shubhangi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Groundwater seepage leads to the formation of theater-headed valleys (THVs) in unconsolidated sediments. In bedrock, the role of groundwater in THV development remains disputed. Here, we integrate field and remote-sensing observations from Gnejna Valley (Maltese Islands) with numerical modeling to demonstrate that groundwater seepage can be the main driver of THV formation in jointed limestone overlying clays. The inferred erosion mechanisms entail (1) widening of joints and fractures by fluid pressure and dissolution and (2) creeping of an underlying clay layer, which lead to slope failure at the valley head and its upslope retreat. The latter is slower than the removal of the talus by creep and sliding on the valley bed. The location and width of THVs are controlled by the location of the master fault and the extent of the damage zone, respectively. The variability of seepage across the fault zone determines the shape of the valley head, with an exponential decrease in seepage away from the fault giving rise to a theater-shaped head that best matches that of Gnejna Valley. Our model may explain the formation of THVs by groundwater in jointed, strong-over-weak chemical sedimentary lithologies, particularly in arid terrestrial settings.
Can deepwater bottom currents generate clinothems? An example of a large, asymmetric mounded drift in Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sediments from northwestern Australia
Authors: Mantilla O. , Hernández-Molina F.J. , Scarselli N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClinoforms and clinothems are ubiquitous in shallow marine and shelf margin environments, where they show remarkable seaward progradation trends. Consensus holds that these features do not form in deepwater settings. This study describes an example of a large, asymmetric mounded deposit formed in Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sediments along the Exmouth Plateau (offshore northwestern Australia). Although it formed in deepwater environments, the deposit has previously been interpreted to reflect either a deltaic or shelf margin system based on clinoform and clinothem geometries. We support that this deposit shares similarities with a delta drift that evolved into a large, mounded drift (~180 km in length, ~120 km in width, and up to ~1.7 km in sedimentary thickness) that exhibits two migration trends: one westward and the other northeastward. Three evolutionary phases are proposed: (1) an onset drift stage (ca. 146.5–143.5 Ma); (2) a growth drift stage (ca. 143.5–138.2 Ma); and (3) a burial stage (ca. 138.2 Ma), which marks the completion of the drift and a shift in depositional style. The drift asymmetry and clinoform orientations indicate the influence of a northward-flowing water mass with two main cores. Our analysis thus suggests that bottom currents can create complex deposits with geometries that resemble clinothems in deepwater environments.
Constraints on the timescales and processes that led to high-SiO2 rhyolite production in the Searchlight pluton, Nevada, USA
Authors: Eddy Michael P. , Pamukçu Ayla , Schoene Blair , Steiner-Leach Travis , Bell Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plutons offer an opportunity to study the extended history of magmas at depth. Fully exploiting this record requires the ability to track changes in magmatic plumbing systems as magma intrudes, crystallizes, and/or mixes through time. This task has been difficult in granitoid plutons because of low sampling density, poorly preserved or cryptic intrusive relationships, and the difficulty of identifying plutonic volumes that record the contemporaneous presence of melt. In particular, the difficulty in delineating fossil magma reservoirs has limited our ability to directly test whether or not high-SiO2 rhyolite is the result of crystal-melt segregation. We present new high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronologic and geochemical data that characterize the Miocene Searchlight pluton in southern Nevada, USA. The data indicate that the pluton was built incrementally over ~1.5 m.y. with some volumes of magma completely crystallizing before subsequent volumes arrived. The largest increment is an ~2.7-km-thick granitic sill that records contemporaneous zircon crystallization, which we interpret to represent a fossil silicic magma reservoir within the greater Searchlight pluton. Whole-rock geochemical data demonstrate that this unit is stratified relative to paleo-vertical, consistent with gravitationally driven separation of high-SiO2 melt from early-formed crystals at moderate crystallinity. Zircon trace-element compositions suggest that our geochronologic data from this unit record most of the relevant crystallization interval for differentiation and that this process occurred in &lt;150 k.y.