bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Different Turbulence Models to Estimate Thermo-Fluid Characteristics of an Infrared Suppression (IRS) Device
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Senapati Jnana Ranjan , Rathore Sushil Kumar , Barik Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accurate computation to predict the heat transfer and flow characteristics in an IRS system is challenging because of the complex designs of thermo-fluid dynamics, such as the entrainment of cold atmospheric air and mixing with the hot exhaust from the gas turbine housed in naval or cargo ships. This study considers the IRS device with four cylindrical funnels stacked one above the other. This study aims to find the suitable turbulence model(s) for numerical modeling of the IRS device. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle diameter is varied between 3527 and 7231 (laboratory-scale) and 4×105 to 5×105 (real-scale) as per the availability of the experimental data. Eight turbulence models, viz., standard  k−ε, RNG k−ε (with standard wall function and enhanced wall functions), realizable k−ε, low Reynold number (LRN) Launder-Sharma k−ε, low Reynold number (LRN) Yang-Shi k−ε, standard k−ω, k−ω SST, v2−f are used to model the complex entrainment and mixing process inside the IRS device. The LRN-LS model estimates the thermos-fluid dynamics quite accurately for the lower Reynolds number range (laboratory-scale IRS), and SST k−ω model predicts accurately for higher Reynolds number values (real-scale IRS). We believe that the present study would help further the numerical modeling of IRS devices.
Experimental Study on Fluidelastic Instability of Tube Bundles With Asymmetric Stiffness Using Visual Image Processing System
Authors: Tan Wei , Ren Peng , Wang Yuqi , Wang Yue , Zhu Guorui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This technical brief is an experimental study, which used a water tunnel to investigate the fluidelastic instability of tube bundles with asymmetric stiffness. The natural frequency ratios (streamwise/transverse) of the tubes are 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. Flexible tubes are set as the following two patterns: a single flexible tube and a cluster of seven flexible tubes. The vibration data of tube bundles are collected and analyzed by a self-designed Visual Analysis System. The results show that the fluidelastic instability only occurs in the transverse direction. In the streamwise direction, the coupling effect of vibrations in both directions of the tube causes the increase of vibration amplitude, no matter in the single-flexible-tube case or the seven-flexible-tube cluster. Furthermore, reducing the natural frequency of the streamwise direction will not change the transverse critical velocity but leads to an amplitude increase caused by vortex-induced vibration. Compared to the single flexible tube, vortex-induced vibration is more likely to occur in the tube cluster with larger amplitudes.
Decays of the heavy top and new insights on $$\epsilon _K$$ in a one-VLQ minimal solution to the CKM unitarity problem
Authors: Botella Francisco J. , Branco G. C. , Rebelo M. N. , Silva-Marcos J. I. , Bastos José Filipe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model where an up-type vector-like quark, denoted T, is introduced and provides a simple solution to the CKM unitarity problem. We adopt the Botella-Chau parametrization in order to extract the $$4\times 3$$

4
×
3

quark mixing matrix which contains the three angles of the $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

CKM matrix plus three new angles denoted $$\theta _{14}$$

θ
14

, $$\theta _{24}$$

θ
24

, $$\theta _{34}$$

θ
34

. It is assumed that the mixing of T with standard quarks is dominated by $$\theta _{14}$$

θ
14

. Imposing a recently derived, and much more restrictive, upper-bound on the New Physics contributions to $$\epsilon _{K}$$

ϵ
K

, we find, in the limit of exact $$\theta _{14}$$

θ
14

dominance where the other extra angles vanish, that $$\epsilon _{K}^{\text {NP}}$$

ϵ

K

NP

is too large. However, if one relaxes the exact $$\theta _{14}$$

θ
14

dominance limit, there exists a parameter region, where one may obtain $$\epsilon _{K}^{\text {NP}}$$

ϵ

K

NP

in agreement with experiment while maintaining the novel pattern of T decays with the heavy quark decaying predominantly to the light quarks d and u. We also find a reduction in the decay rate of $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0 \nu {\overline{\nu }}$$

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν
¯

.
Charged anisotropic generalized double polytropes
Authors: Azam M. , Sajjad Waseem , Mardan S. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss the theory of relativistic charged double polytropes with generalized polytropic equation of state. A general framework is presented to develop the Lane-Embden equations for spherically symmetric charged configuration. The stability of developed polytropes is investigated by means of Tolman mass. We will also examine the structure of these polytropes under various constraints.
Approximating Decision Diagrams for Quantum Circuit Simulation
Authors: Hillmich Stefan , Zulehner Alwin , Kueng Richard , Markov Igor L. , Wille Robert 
Published: April 2022

Quantum computers promise to solve important problems faster than conventional computers ever could. Underneath is a fundamentally different computational primitive that introduces new challenges for the development of software tools that aid designers of corresponding quantum algorithms. The different computational primitives render classical simulation of quantum circuits particularly challenging. While the logic simulation of conventional circuits is comparatively simple with linear complexity with respect to the number of gates, quantum circuit simulation has to deal with the exponential memory requirements to represent quantum states on non-quantum hardware with respect to the number of qubits.
Decision Diagrams
(DDs) address this challenge through exploitation of redundancies in matrices and vectors to provide significantly more compact representations in many cases. Moreover, the probabilistic nature of quantum computations enables another angle to tackle the complexity: Quantum algorithms are resistant to some degree against small inaccuracies in the quantum state as these only lead to small changes in the outcome probabilities. We propose to exploit this resistance against (small) errors to gain even more compact decision diagrams. In this work, we investigate the potential of approximation in quantum circuit simulation in detail. To this end, we first present four dedicated schemes that exploit the error resistance and efficiently approximate quantum states represented by decision diagrams. Subsequently, we propose two simulation strategies that utilize those approximations schemes in order to improve the efficiency of DD-based quantum circuit simulation, while, at the same time, allowing the user to control the resulting degradation in accuracy. We empirically show that the proposed approximation schemes reduce the size of decision diagrams substantially and also analytically prove the effect of multiple approximations on the attained accuracy. Eventually, this enables speed-ups of the resulting approximate quantum circuit simulation of up to several orders of magnitudes—again, while controlling the fidelity of the result.
Effect of Unilateral Shoulder Disorder on the Stance Phase of Human Gait
Authors: Missmann Martin , Aron Gerald , Stöggl Thomas , Pirchl Michael , Grote Vincent , Fischer Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Background. Gait analysis systems serve as important tools for assessing disturbed gait patterns. Amongst other factors, functional limitations of the shoulder joint may relate to such disturbances. Patient-reported outcome measures, assessment of pain, and active range of motion are commonly used to describe shoulder impairment. Purpose. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of unilateral limitations of shoulder mobility and pain on gait patterns and to detect correlations between pain, shoulder mobility, and particular phases of human gait using a Zebris gait analysis system. Methods. 20 subjects with unilaterally restricted mobility and pain of the affected shoulder and a control group of 10 healthy subjects underwent a gait analysis. Various gait parameters, the DASH score, pain at rest and movement of the affected shoulder, and the active range of motion (aROM) for shoulder flexion and abduction were recorded. Results. We determined significant differences of the duration of the loading response (

p

= 0.021), midstance (

p

= 0.033), and the terminal stance phase (

p

= 0.019) between the shoulder group and the control group, with a shorter loading response phase and a longer terminal stance phase of the affected side in the shoulder group. In the shoulder group, we found significant correlations between the DASH and the duration of the midstance phase (

p

= 0.023) and the terminal stance phase (

p

= 0.038). In addition, there was a significant correlation between shoulder flexion and the duration of the midstance phase (

p

= 0.047).
Repurposing Itraconazole and Hydroxychloroquine to Target Lysosomal Homeostasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Marastoni Stefano , Madariaga Ainhoa , Pesic Aleksandra , Nair Sree Narayanan , Li Zhu Juan , Shalev Zvi , Ketela Troy , Colombo Ilaria , Mandilaras Victoria , Cabanero Michael , Bruce Jeff P. , Li Xuan , Garg Swati , Wang Lisa , Chen Eric X. , Gill Sarbjot , Dhani Neesha C. , Zhang Wenjiang , Pintilie Melania , Bowering Valerie , Koritzinsky Marianne , Rottapel Robert , Wouters Bradly G. , Oza Amit M. , Joshua Anthony M. , Lheureux Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

Drug repurposing is an attractive option for oncology drug development. Itraconazole is an antifungal ergosterol synthesis inhibitor that has pleiotropic actions including cholesterol antagonism, inhibition of Hedgehog and mTOR pathways. We tested a panel of 28 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines with itraconazole to define its spectrum of activity. To identify synthetic lethality in combination with itraconazole, a whole-genome drop-out genome-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats sensitivity screen in two cell lines (TOV1946 and OVCAR5) was performed. On this basis, we conducted a phase I dose-escalation study assessing the combination of itraconazole and hydroxychloroquine in patients with platinum refractory EOC (NCT03081702). We identified a wide spectrum of sensitivity to itraconazole across the EOC cell lines. Pathway analysis showed significant involvement of lysosomal compartments, the trans-golgi network and late endosomes/lysosomes; similar pathways are phenocopied by the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine. We then demonstrated that the combination of itraconazole and chloroquine displayed Bliss defined synergy in EOC cancer cell lines. Furthermore, there was an association of cytotoxic synergy with the ability to induce functional lysosome dysfunction, by chloroquine. Within the clinical trial, 11 patients received at least one cycle of itraconazole and hydroxychloroquine. Treatment was safe and feasible with the recommended phase II dose of 300 and 600 mg twice daily, respectively. No objective responses were detected. Pharmacodynamic measurements on serial biopsies demonstrated limited pharmacodynamic impact. In vitro, itraconazole and chloroquine have synergistic activity and exert a potent antitumor effect by affecting lysosomal function. The drug combination had no clinical antitumor activity in dose escalation.Significance:The combination of the antifungal drug itraconazole with antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine leads to a cytotoxic lysosomal dysfunction, supporting the rational for further research on lysosomal targeting in ovarian cancer.
A Golden Decade of Deep Learning: Computing Systems & Applications
Authors: Dean Jeffrey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the field of artificial intelligence thanks to the resurgence of neural networks through deep learning. This has helped improve the ability for computers to see, hear, and understand the world around them, leading to dramatic advances in the application of AI to many fields of science and other areas of human endeavor. In this essay, I examine the reasons for this progress, including the confluence of progress in computing hardware designed to accelerate machine learning and the emergence of open-source software frameworks to dramatically expand the set of people who can use machine learning effectively. I also present a broad overview of some of the areas in which machine learning has been applied over the past decade. Finally, I sketch out some likely directions from which further progress in artificial intelligence will come.
Neural Mechanisms of Perceiving and Subsequently Recollecting Emotional Facial Expressions in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Izumika Reina , Cabeza Roberto , Tsukiura Takashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is known that emotional facial expressions modulate the perception and subsequent recollection of faces and that aging alters these modulatory effects. Yet, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood, and they were the focus of the current fMRI study. We scanned healthy young and older adults while perceiving happy, neutral, or angry faces paired with names. Participants were then provided with the names of the faces and asked to recall the facial expression of each face. fMRI analyses focused on the fusiform face area (FFA), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the OFC, the amygdala (AMY), and the hippocampus (HC). Univariate activity, multivariate pattern (MVPA), and functional connectivity analyses were performed. The study yielded two main sets of findings. First, in pSTS and AMY, univariate activity and MVPA discrimination during the processing of facial expressions were similar in young and older adults, whereas in FFA and OFC, MVPA discriminated facial expressions less accurately in older than young adults. These findings suggest that facial expression representations in FFA and OFC reflect age-related dedifferentiation and positivity effect. Second, HC–OFC connectivity showed subsequent memory effects (SMEs) for happy expressions in both age groups, HC–FFA connectivity exhibited SMEs for happy and neutral expressions in young adults, and HC-pSTS interactions displayed SMEs for happy expressions in older adults. These results could be related to compensatory mechanisms and positivity effects in older adults. Taken together, the results clarify the effects of aging on the neural mechanisms in perceiving and encoding facial expressions.
Propofol Anesthesia Alters Cortical Traveling Waves
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayak , Donoghue Jacob A. , Mahnke Meredith , Brincat Scott L. , Brown Emery N. , Miller Earl K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Oscillatory dynamics in cortex seem to organize into traveling waves that serve a variety of functions. Recent studies show that propofol, a widely used anesthetic, dramatically alters cortical oscillations by increasing slow-delta oscillatory power and coherence. It is not known how this affects traveling waves. We compared traveling waves across the cortex of non-human primates before, during, and after propofol-induced loss of consciousness (LOC). After LOC, traveling waves in the slow-delta (∼1 Hz) range increased, grew more organized, and traveled in different directions relative to the awake state. Higher frequency (8–30 Hz) traveling waves, by contrast, decreased, lost structure, and switched to directions where the slow-delta waves were less frequent. The results suggest that LOC may be due, in part, to increases in the strength and direction of slow-delta traveling waves that, in turn, alter and disrupt traveling waves in the higher frequencies associated with cognition.
On the value of early marine weather observations: the Malaspina expedition (1789-1794)
Authors: ObregÓn M.A. , Rodas M.T. , Farrona A.M.M. , Domínguez-Castro F. , Gallego M.C. , García-Herrera R. , Vaquero J.M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Great advances in meteorological science were made in the late 18th century. In particular, meteorological instruments were carried on ships and the first systematic meteorological readings over the oceans were made. One of these collections of instrumental meteorological readings was carried out by the Malaspina expedition (1789-1794), organized by the Spanish crown to study its vast possessions around the world. We have recovered meteorological variables such as air temperature (maximum and minimum), atmospheric pressure (maximum and minimum), wind (intensity and direction), and appearance (state of the sky) from the documentation generated by the explorers during the journey. In total, nearly 13 000 instrumental data have been digitized and rescued from this maritime expedition. The comparison of daily temperature and pressure observations with reanalysis and weather stations data shows a good overall agreement. Moreover, apparent discrepancies during several anchored periods have allowed for testing the consistency and quality of these early instrumental marine weather readings.
Spatial Analysis of United States National Weather Service Excessive Heat Warnings and Heat Advisories
Authors: Hondula David M. , Meltzer Samuel , Balling Robert C. , Iñiguez Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Public heat alerts are important risk communication tools, but there has been no systematic analysis of how frequently they are issued or how patterns in alert frequency relate to regional climatology or heat–health impacts. We compiled and analyzed all excessive heat warnings and heat advisories (collectively, heat alerts) issued by the U.S. National Weather Service for 2010–19. Heat alert frequency was correlated to climatological indicators derived from reanalysis data aggregated to Weather Forecast Office (WFO) polygons and to estimates of heat-attributable mortality for 134 metropolitan areas. The type of heat alerts used and the frequency with which they were issued were highly variable. Across 77% of the country, heat advisories were the primary product issued. The median location experienced 2.3 heat alert days per year. Regions with the highest frequency (approaching 25 heat alert days per year) included the southern Midwest and Great Plains, as well as the desert Southwest. The 95th-percentile daily maximum heat index was the climatological indicator most strongly correlated with heat alert frequency across all WFOs (r = 0.71). Locations that issued heat alerts more frequently than would be expected based on climatology were primarily located along the Pacific coast; those that issued heat alerts less frequently than expected were in southern Texas and southern Florida, the latter of which includes multiple cities with high rates of heat-attributable mortality. Our results suggest that the public may be receiving mixed signals about the severity of the heat hazard, with some hotter locations particularly underserved by heat risk messaging.
Risk Factors for COVID-19 Positivity and Hospital Admission Among Arab American Adults in Southern California
Authors: Abuelezam Nadia N. , Greenwood Kristina L. , Al-Ani Mawj , Galea Sandro , Al-Naser Raed 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Little is known about risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among Arab American people. We aimed to understand the predictors of receiving a positive COVID-19 test result and being admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 among Arab American adults using data from a hospital near an Arab ethnic enclave. Methods: We used electronic medical record data for Arab American adults aged ≥18 years from March 1, 2020, through January 31, 2021, at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California. The primary outcomes were receiving a positive COVID-19 test result and being admitted to the hospital for COVID-19. We ran logistic regression models with individual- and population-level risk factors to determine the odds of each primary outcome. Results: A total of 2744 Arab American adults were tested for COVID-19, of whom 783 (28.5%) had a positive test result. In the fully adjusted model, women had lower odds of receiving a positive test result than men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92), and adults living in high-poverty areas had higher odds of receiving a positive test result than adults in lower-poverty areas (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.51). Of the 783 Arab American adults with data on admission, 131 (16.7%) were admitted. For every 1-unit increase in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the odds of admission increased by 66% (aOR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.36-2.04). Conclusion: The risk of receiving a positive test result for COVID-19 was higher among Arab American adults living in high-poverty areas than in lower-poverty areas. The risk of admission was directly related to overall health status. Future work should aim to understand the barriers to prevention and testing in this population.
Suicide, Homicide, and Other Violent Deaths Among People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kleinman Robert A. , Morris Nathaniel P. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Limited information exists about violent deaths among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) across the United States. Using data from a national reporting system, we describe characteristics of suicides, homicides, and other deaths classified as violent among PEH in the United States. Methods: We obtained data on demographic characteristics, mechanisms of injury, and circumstances surrounding violent deaths from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2018, in 31 states from the National Violent Death Reporting System. Results: Of 122 113 violent deaths in 31 states during 2016-2018, 1757 (1.4%) occurred among PEH and 3952 (3.2%) occurred among people for whom homelessness status was unknown or missing. Of all violent deaths among PEH, 878 were suicides (1.1% of all suicides), 458 were homicides (1.6% of all homicides), 352 were of undetermined intent (2.8% of all deaths of undetermined intent), and 59 were the result of legal interventions (3.8% of all deaths due to legal interventions). Hanging/suffocation/strangulation was the most common mechanism of suicide among PEH (44.4%), followed by deaths due to firearms (21.6%). Firearms were the most common mechanism of homicide deaths among PEH (48.0%). Black PEH were more likely to die by homicide than by suicide, and White PEH were more likely to die by suicide than by homicide. Among the 843 suicide victims for whom additional information was known, 345 (40.9%) had a history of suicidal thoughts or plans, 245 (29.1%) had disclosed intent to die by suicide, and 183 (21.7%) were receiving treatment for a mental health condition. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce mortality and improve health outcomes among PEH should consider the high rates of violent deaths in this population.