bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical features and 1‐year outcomes between patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and those with schizophrenia
Authors: Li Ling , Rami Fatima Zahra , Piao Yan Hong , Lee Bo Mi , Kim Woo‐Sung , Sui Jing , Kim Sung‐Wan , Lee Bong Ju , Kim Jung Jin , Yu Je‐Chun , Lee Kyu Young , Won Seung‐Hee , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kang Shi Hyun , Kim Euitae , Chung Young Chul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimResearch on psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PNOS) that clearly mentions its subgroups is very rare. This study was conducted to identify the demographic and clinical features, cognitive function, and 1‐year outcomes of patients with early stage PNOS compared with those with early stage schizophrenia (SZ).MethodsThe study subjects were 54 and 321 patients with PNOS and SZ, respectively, who were registered at least more than 1 year ago. Due to drop out, only 37 and 210 patients with PNOS and SZ were evaluated at the 1‐year follow‐up. We compared clinical variables (duration of untreated psychosis, symptom severity, self‐rating scales, and so on), cognitive function, and short‐term outcomes (treatment response, remission, compliance, drop out, relapse) between the two groups.ResultsThe patients with PNOS were associated with higher diagnostic stability (53.7%) compared with those in previous studies. They had lower symptom severity, better treatment response at 2 months and higher remission rates at 12 months, but poorer compliance at 6 months compared with patients with SZ. Level of cognitive impairment in PNOS was intermediate between those of SZ patients and healthy controls.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that PNOS has unique clinical features, suggesting that it should be treated as a distinct clinical syndrome. At the same time, however, prevention of its possible progression to other psychotic disorders in some patients with PNOS is also important.
Anticholinergic drugs and forebrain magnetic resonance imaging changes in cognitively normal people and those with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Meng Dewen , Mohammadi‐Nejad Ali‐Reza , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N. , Auer Dorothee P. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAnticholinergic (AC) medication use is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, which may be related to an AC‐induced central hypocholinergic state, but the exact mechanisms remain to be understood. We aimed to further elucidate the putative link between AC drug prescription, cognition, and structural and functional impairment of the forebrain cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM).MethodsCognitively normal (CN; n = 344) and mildly cognitively impaired (MCI; n = 224) Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Phase 3 participants with good quality 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging were included. Structural (regional gray matter [GM] density) and functional NBM integrity (functional connectivity [FC]) were compared between those on AC medication for > 1 year (AC+) and those without (AC−) in each condition. AC burden was classed as mild, moderate, or severe.ResultsMCI AC+ participants (0.55 ± 0.03) showed lower NBM GM density compared to MCI AC− participants (0.56 ± 0.03, p = 0.002), but there was no structural AC effect in CN. NBM FC was lower in CN AC+ versus CN AC− (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.6, p = 0.001), and in MCI AC+ versus MCI AC− (3.3 ± 0.2 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001), with larger effect size in MCI. NBM FC partially mediated the association between AC medication burden and cognition.ConclusionsOur findings provide novel support for a detrimental effect of mild AC medication on the forebrain cholinergic system characterized as functional central hypocholinergic that partially mediated AC‐related cognitive impairment. Moreover, structural tissue damage suggests neurodegeneration, and larger effect sizes in MCI point to enhanced susceptibility for AC medication in those at risk of dementia.
Changes of serum metabolomics and gut microbiota reveal specific characteristics of children with febrile seizures
Authors: Hu Baifei , Zhu Xuefen , Zheng Junping , Guo Yanlei , Hu Haiming , Zou Xiaojuan , Yao Xiaowei , Liu Zhanli , Liu Hongtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeFebrile seizures (FS) pose a severe threat to the neurological development of children. Probing the abnormality of host metabolism is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of FS.MethodsBased on clinically collected serum and fecal samples, we used nontargeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing to explore the relationship of serum metabolite levels and gut microbiota community with the occurrence of FS.ResultsMetabolomic analysis revealed abnormalities in multiple metabolic pathways in serum of FS patients, such as tryptophan metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Intestinal flora analysis indicated that the α‐diversity of gut microbiota in FS patients was significantly reduced. In addition, the relative abundance of a variety of bacteria at the phylum level was remarkably changed in patients with FS, including decreased Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia. Eleven serum metabolites were identified to be biomarker candidates for FS diagnosis. With the help of a panel biomarker strategy combining four biomarkers as a cluster, four bacteria (i.e., Rothia, Coprococcus, Lactobacillus, and Oscillospira) in a defined panel displayed perfect differentiation of subtypes of FS.ConclusionsCombining metabolomic and intestinal flora analysis revealed specific characteristics of children with FS, and provided new clues for the diagnosis of FS and the classification of seizure types. In summary, these findings may provide new insights into revealing the significance of serum metabolites and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of FS.
Fracture performance improvement and fracture process simulation of concrete for shotcrete use in hot and dry environments
Authors: Liu Pin , Guo Chen , Cui Shengai , Wu Qihong , Xia Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to investigate the fracture performance of concrete in hot and dry tunnel environments, the fracture parameters are tested through three‐point bending tests on notched beams. The effects of basalt and steel fibers on the fracture properties in hot and dry environments are explored, and the effects of beam height and notch length on fracture parameters of concrete are analyzed by using numerical calculations. The results show that the fracture toughness of concrete in hot and dry environments is obviously lower than that in the standard curing condition. The addition of basalt and steel fibers has little effect on the initial fracture toughness but can significantly improve the unstable fracture toughness and fracture energy. The peak load and maximum fracture process zone length decrease with the increase of the notch length and increase with the increase of the beam height, while the unstable fracture toughness is basically not affected by the size changes of concrete beams.
Biologic therapies associated with development of palmoplantar pustulosis and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: Lu Justin D. , Lytvyn Yuliya , Mufti Asfandyar , Zaaroura Hiba , Sachdeva Muskaan , Kwan Sarah , Abduelmula Abrahim , Kim Patrick , Yeung Jensen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP) are chronic inflammatory skin conditions characterized by eruptions of sterile pustules on the palms and/or soles. Biologic use has been associated with PPP and PPPP development in the literature.ObjectivesTo identify PPP and PPPP associated with biologics and summarize reported treatments and outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched in MEDLINE and Embase for articles that reported PPP or PPPP during biologic treatment. After a full‐text review, 53 studies were included for analysis.ResultsWe identified 155 patients with PPP/PPPP onset during biologic treatment, with a mean age of 44.1 years and a female preponderance (71.6%). The most frequently reported biologics were adalimumab (43.9%) and infliximab (33.3%). IL‐17 inhibitors, secukinumab (7.6%) and brodalumab (1.5%), were reported only in association with PPPP. Overall, 58.8% of patients had complete remission (CR) in 3.6 months and 23.5% had partial remission (PR) in 3.7 months. The most common treatments that led to CR were topical corticosteroids (n = 16) and biologic switching (n = 8).ConclusionsClinicians should anticipate PPP or PPPP as potential drug reactions to biologics such as adalimumab and infliximab. Large‐scale studies are required to confirm our findings and further explore the pathogenesis for biologic‐associated PPP and PPPP.
Rules and ward climate in acute psychiatric setting: Comparison of staff and patient perceptions
Authors: Corbetta Marta , Corso Barbara , Camuccio Carlo Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ward climate or atmosphere refers to its material, emotional and social conditions. A good ward climate in psychiatric settings can influence the mood, behaviour and self‐concept of patients and staff members and improve patient outcomes. Many studies have examined the relationship between ward climate and aggression, but only a few have investigated the effect of a ward’s environment, rules and activities. This multicentric observational study aimed to assess the relationship between the rules/activities and the climate of four acute psychiatric units of Northern Italy. The Essen Climate Evaluation Scheme (EssenCES) questionnaire, which was administered to patients and staff, was used to evaluate the different dimensions of ward atmosphere. There was a good response rate (79%) in patients and staff members who completed the questionnaire (114 patients and 109 staff). Safety perception appeared to be quite different in patients and staff. The patients who were authorized to have more visiting hours and more time to use their mobile phone had higher scores on Experienced Safety subscale. A negative correlation between the Therapeutic Hold and Experienced Safety subscales was found in the staff members, and this was due to their negative perception. The ward climate seemed to be affected by the unit’s rules, especially with respect to visits and the smartphones use. Nurses need to be aware of the importance of ward climate and how their own perception may differ from and that of patients: this gap could lead to decisions detached from the patients’ needs.
Frailty index and gender‐specific mortality in Korean adults: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2018)
Authors: Baek Wonhee , Min Ari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the predictive ability of the frailty index in estimating gender‐specific mortality in a population of Korean adults.DesignA descriptive and prospective longitudinal design.MethodsData were used from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted from 2006 through 2018. A total of 10,254 adults aged 45–98 years at baseline were included. A 41‐item deficit accumulation frailty index was measured, based on multi‐domain assessment such as self‐rating of health, physical condition, mental status, cognitive function, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and chronic conditions. We categorized the frailty index into robust (≤0.10), prefrail (0.10–0.25) and frail (≥0.25). Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to determine the association between the frailty index and all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 4705 individuals (45.9%) were categorized as robust, 4178 (40.7%) as prefrail and 1371 (13.4%) as frail. The frailty index increased with age, and females were found to have a higher frailty index than males. The survival probabilities were significantly lower in older adults (aged ≥65) compared with adults and significantly lower in males compared with females. Compared with the robust group, the risk of mortality in the prefrail and frail groups was 1.37 and 2.57 times higher, respectively. The association between frailty status and all‐cause mortality was similar in adults and older adults, while the hazard ratios were higher in frail group of males than that of females.ConclusionThe frailty index had a predictive ability for all‐cause mortality with respect to age and sex.ImpactUsing a frailty index among community‐dwelling adults could be beneficial to support healthcare providers in early detection of individuals with frailty and facilitate the development of more effective interventions for reducing mortality.
Registered nurses' awareness and implementation of reasonable adjustments for people with intellectual disability and/or autism
Authors: Wilson Nathan J. , Pracilio Amy , Kersten Michelle , Morphet Julia , Buckely Thomas , Trollor Julian N. , Griffin Ken , Bryce Julianne , Cashin Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo describe Australian registered nurses' awareness, and implementation of reasonable adjustments within their practice when caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism. Additionally, the association between key demographic, workforce, and respondent variables and familiarity of the term and regularity of use was explored.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsSurvey data were collected between August and October 2020 using an online survey tool. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsFamiliarity of the concept of reasonable adjustments was relatively low, compared to respondents who report applying adjustments when caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism. Higher levels of confidence, comfort, and knowledge when caring for this cohort were associated with greater awareness and application of reasonable adjustments.ConclusionA higher volume, and diversity in type of, nursing education related to care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism is indicated.
Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis
Authors: Rondón Luis Felipe , Ramírez Robert , Pecho Oscar E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the performance of a standardized photographic shade analysis (PSA) and visual shade matching (VSM) using two color difference formulas.Materials and MethodsFifty observers (35 undergraduate and 15 graduate students) evaluated the color of two upper left central incisors (LT—light tooth, and DT—dark tooth). VSM was performed using the VITA 3D Master (3D) shade guide in a controlled clinical environment. For PSA, a cross‐polarized filter and a gray card (Whibal) were used to standardize the photographs taken (target teeth and shade tabs from 3D). From the pictures obtained, the CIELAB coordinates, and color differences ( and ΔE00) were obtained. The shade tabs selected by two experienced researchers were conducted as part of the pilot study, and finally used as a standard for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi‐square test (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsShade tabs selections of VSM and PSA agreed only for LT. The best “Match” selected by the researchers agreed with data from PSA using ΔE00. PSA using ΔE00 showed higher total percentages of “Match” and higher percentage of agreement among observers. A relationship was found for LT performing the PSA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe performance of the PSA was better than the VSM, but only when the CIEDE2000 color difference formula was used. Therefore, the color difference formulas influenced on the performance of PSA. Finally, the PSA improved the precision of the VSM.Clinical SignificanceTo use a standardized PSA to improve the VSM and shade communication in clinical esthetic dentistry.
Public opinion regarding U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of aducanumab and potential policy responses: A nationally representative survey
Authors: DiStefano Michael J. , Alexander G. Caleb , Polsky Daniel , Anderson Gerard F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite controversy among experts regarding aducanumab's approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, little is known about public opinion on this matter.MethodsWe conducted a representative survey of U.S. adults ages 35 and older to (1) determine opinions regarding aducanumab's approval, (2) identify any evidence of reputational injury to the Food and Drug Administration, and (3) explore opinions regarding policy responses available to policymakers, such as those relating to a national coverage determination by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The survey was administered online and in English and Spanish using a probability‐based sample derived from the National Opinion Research Center's AmeriSpeak® panel. Selection probabilities in the panel and survey design account for differences in population distribution and expected response rates by demographic. The survey was analyzed using survey weights to adjust for selection probabilities and non‐response.ResultsA total of 1025 respondents completed the survey. While approximately three‐quarters of respondents were initially unfamiliar with aducanumab, respondents were less supportive of the drug's approval once given information about the drug's potential clinical and economic impact. Sixty‐three percent of respondents support restricting aducanumab access to patients most likely to benefit. Seventy‐one percent indicated a willingness to enroll a family member with mild Alzheimer's disease in a “waitlist”‐style trial to further study aducanumab; sixty percent indicated a willingness to enroll a family member in a randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Eighty‐one percent agree aducanumab should be withdrawn from the market if confirmatory trials fail. The median respondent was willing to pay $1–5 in higher Part B premiums to cover aducanumab.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate support for a range of proposed policies in response to aducanumab's approval. The opinions of an informed public ought to be considered when developing policies in response to aducanumab's approval.
Understanding Bank and Nonbank Credit Cycles: A Structural Exploration
Authors: DURDU C. BORA , ZHONG MOLIN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe explore the structural drivers of bank and nonbank credit cycles using a medium‐scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with two types of financial intermediation. We posit economywide and sectoral disturbances in both macro and financial sectors. We estimate that sectoral shocks to the balance sheets of entrepreneurs are important for fluctuations in bank and nonbank credit growth at the business cycle frequency. Economywide entrepreneurial risk shocks gain predominance for explaining the lower frequency comovement between the two series. Macro shocks play very little role in explaining financial cycles.
Randomized, evaluator‐blinded comparative study of a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) 532‐nm picosecond laser and an alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in Asians
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Namasondhi Amornrut , Anuntrangsee Tanaporn , Jurairattanaporn Natthachat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVarious pigment‐specific lasers can be used to treat solar lentigines. However, the most effective treatment options remain to be explored to reduce complications, such as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, especially in dark‐skinned patients.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the efficacy and safety between the KTP 532‐nm picosecond laser and the alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in Asians.Materials and MethodsThirty patients who had at least two solar lentigines on their arms were enrolled. A total of 30 paired lentiginous lesions were randomly selected for a single treatment with either a KTP 532‐nm picosecond laser or an alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser. Mean luminance score (L*) was evaluated at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks to determine treatment efficacy. Improvement was assessed by a blinded physician using a 5‐point score. Satisfaction was rated by patients using a visual analog scale. All adverse events were documented.ResultsAll 30 patients completed the study. Both lasers showed significant improvement in mean L* from baseline (p < 0.001). With the parameter settings employed, lesions treated with the alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser showed greater improvement in mean L* when compared with treatment with the KTP 532‐nm picosecond laser at 12 weeks follow‐up (p = 0.002). According to physician scoring, more than 50% improvement was observed in 25 and 19 lesions of the alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser group and the KTP 532‐nm picosecond laser group, respectively. Adverse events did not differ between groups. A significantly higher satisfaction score was observed with the alexandrite 755‐nm picosecond laser at the last visit (p = 0.038).ConclusionBoth types of picosecond laser may be used to treat solar lentigines. Proper treatment settings and endpoint observation are the most important factor to achieve a successful outcome.
Accuracy of bilirubin on the Siemens RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyser: A data mining study
Authors: Mukerji Shohini , Popat Himanshu , Chung Jason ZY 
Published: February 2022

AimBlood gas analysers which can measure bilirubin in whole blood are commonly available in neonatal intensive care units; however, the accuracy of these measurements is not well established. We sought to determine accuracy of whole blood bilirubin on the Siemens RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyser with reference to formal laboratory total serum bilirubin on the Ortho Vitros 5600.MethodsA method comparison of the bilirubin results from the blood gas analysers compared with the chemistry analysers was performed by data mining of results obtained as part of routine patient care. Results were included if patients underwent bilirubin testing by blood gas analyser and formal TSB, with both samples being collected within 20 min. Retrospective laboratory data was collected over a 28‐month period, 1 January 2019 to 1 May 2021.Results449 eligible sample pairs were included. A Bland‐Altman plot was generated to identify systematic differences between the methods. A mean bias of −11 μmol/L was observed with 95% limits from −60 μmol/L to 38 μmol/L. Some blood gas bilirubin results were up to 70 μmol/L lower than formal TSB measurements around the clinically significant concentration range of 200 to 300 μmol/L.ConclusionClinicians need to be aware of potential differences between the results from their blood gas analysers compared to formal TSB results. Sole reliance on blood gas bilirubin results which underestimate TSB may lead to under‐recognition of neonatal jaundice that meets treatment thresholds. Formal measurement of TSB should be sought to inform decisions regarding treatment of neonatal jaundice.