bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kovdor to Oldoinyo Lengai—The missing link in carbonatitic magma evolution
Authors: Vasyukova Olga , Kostyuk Anastasia , Williams-Jones Anthony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that interaction of a carbonatitic magma with quartz-rich rocks plays a key role in shaping carbonatite complexes. The host rocks were represented by quartz, and the magma was represented by synthetic mixtures of CaCO3, MgCO3, and Na2CO3. With increasing distance from the quartz, the reaction between the carbonate liquid and quartz produced a domain of Na(Ca)-rich silicate glass, a domain of metasomatic wollastonite, diopside, and forsterite, and a carbonate-rich domain. This zonation reproduces that observed in many carbonatite complexes, e.g., Kovdor, Russia. The experiments provide strong evidence that carbonatitic magma/host-rock interaction controls the evolution of carbonatite complexes and explains how Mg-Ca-carbonatitic magmas from the mantle can evolve to produce the natrocarbonatites and associated alkaline silicate rocks observed at Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania.
Endovascular salvage of tubercular aortitis presenting as descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm in association with vertebral tuberculosis
Authors: Mehra Rohit , Dhillan Rishi , Manral Sushma 
Published: November 2022

A gentleman in his late 30s presented with a history of evening rise of temperature and generalised malaise of 1-week duration. He had associated upper back pain with tingling and numbness of both lower limbs. An unexplained episode of hypotension with hemoptysis propelled a computed tomography (CT) examination of chest which was suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm of the posterior wall of descending thoracic aorta in the vicinity of the Pott’s spine with a prevertebral and paravertebral abscess, for which he was referred to vascular surgeons.Tubercular involvement of vasculature is a rare disease, aortic involvement even rarer. Less than 50 cases of vertebral tuberculosis with tubercular thoracic aortic aneurysm have been reported in the medical literature, but the disease carries a colossal mortality and morbidity.After a multidisciplinary teamwork, thoracic endovascular aortic repair was done for exclusion of the aneurysmal segment, with simultaneous antitubercular and broad-spectrum antibiotic chemotherapy. The patient recuperated well.
How is the usability of commercial activity monitors perceived by older adults and by researchers? A cross-sectional evaluation of community-living individuals
Authors: Hofbauer Lena M , Rodriguez Francisca S 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesUsing commercial activity monitors may advance research with older adults. However, usability for the older population is not sufficiently established. This study aims at evaluating the usability of three wrist-worn monitors for older adults. In addition, we report on usability (including data management) for research.DesignData were collected cross-sectionally. Between-person of three activity monitor type (Apple Watch 3, Fitbit Charge 4, Polar A370) were made.SettingThe activity monitors were worn in normal daily life in an urban community in Germany. The period of wear was 2 weeks.ParticipantsUsing convenience sampling, we recruited N=27 healthy older adults (≥60 years old) who were not already habitual users of activity monitors.OutcomesTo evaluate usability from the participant perspective, we used the System Usability Scale (SUS) as well as a study-specific qualitative checklist. Assessment further comprised age, highest academic degree, computer proficiency and affinity for technology interaction. Usability from the researchers’ perspective was assessed using quantitative data management markers and a study-specific qualitative check-list.ResultsThere was no significant difference between monitors in the SUS. Female gender was associated with higher SUS usability ratings. Qualitative participant-usability reports revealed distinctive shortcomings, for example, in terms of battery life and display readability. Usability for researchers came with problems in data management, such as completeness of the data download.ConclusionThe usability of the monitors compared in this work differed qualitatively. Yet, the overall usability ratings by participants were comparable. Conversely, from the researchers’ perspective, there were crucial differences in data management and usability that should be considered when making monitor choices for future studies.
Immune-based biomarker accurately predicts response to imiquimod immunotherapy in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Abdulrahman Ziena , Hendriks Natasja , J Kruse Arnold , Somarakis Antonios , J M van de Sande Anna , J van Beekhuizen Heleen , M J Piek Jurgen , de Miranda Noel F C C , Kooreman Loes F S , F M Slangen Brigitte , van der Burg Sjoerd H , de Vos van Steenwijk Peggy J , van Esch Edith M G 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe complete response rate of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (cHSIL) patients to imiquimod immunotherapy is approximately 60%. Consequently, many patients are exposed to unnecessary adverse effects of imiquimod. On the other hand, conventional surgical large loop excision therapy is associated with increased risk of premature births in subsequent pregnancies. An in-depth analysis of the cHSIL immune microenvironment was performed in order to identify and develop a predictive biomarker for response to imiquimod, to maximize therapy efficacy and to avoid adverse effects in patients unlikely to respond.MethodsBiopsies of 35 cHSIL patients, before and 10 weeks on imiquimod treatment, were analyzed by two multispectral seven-color immunofluorescence panels for T cell and myeloid cell composition in relation to treatment response. Based on these results a simplified immunohistochemical detection protocol was developed. Samples were scanned with the Vectra multispectral imaging system and cells were automatically identified using machine learning.ResultsThe immune microenvironment of complete responders (CR) is characterized by a strong and coordinated infiltration by T helper cells (activated PD1+/type 1 Tbet+), M1-like macrophages (CD68+CD163-) and dendritic cells (CD11c+) prior to imiquimod. The lesions of non-responders (NRs) displayed a high infiltration by CD3+FOXP3+regulatory T cells. At 10 weeks on imiquimod, a strong influx of intraepithelial and stromal CD4+T cells was observed in CR but not NR patients. A steep decrease in macrophages occurred both in CR and NR patients, leveling the pre-existing differences in myeloid cell composition between the two groups. Based on the pre-existing immune composition differences, the sum of intraepithelial CD4 T cell, macrophage and dendritic cell counts was used to develop a quantitative simplified one color immunohistochemical biomarker, the CHSIL immune biomarker for imiquimod (CIBI), which can be automatically and unbiasedly quantified and has an excellent predictive capacity (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve 0.95, p<0.0001).ConclusionThe capacity of cHSIL patients to respond to imiquimod is associated with a pre-existing coordinated local immune process, fostering an imiquimod-mediated increase in local T cell infiltration. The CIBI immunohistochemical biomarker has strong potential to select cHSIL patients with a high likelihood to experience a complete response to imiquimod immunotherapy.
Intravenous administration of viral vectors expressing prostate cancer antigens enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Vardeu Antonella , Davis Charlotte , McDonald Ian , Stahlberg Guilherme , Thapa Barsha , Piotrowska Kinga , Marshall Margaret A , Evans Thomas , Wheeler Vicky , Sebastian Sarah , Anderson Katie 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe use of immunotherapeutic vaccination in prostate cancer is a promising approach that likely requires the induction of functional, cytotoxic T cells . The experimental approach described here uses a well-studied adenovirus-poxvirus heterologous prime-boost regimen, in which the vectors encode a combination of prostate cancer antigens, with the booster dose delivered by either the intravenous or intramuscular (IM) route. This prime-boost regimen was investigated for antigen-specific CD8+ T cell induction.MethodsThe coding sequences for four antigens expressed in prostate cancer, 5T4, PSA, PAP, and STEAP1, were inserted into replication-incompetent chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford 1 (ChAdOx1) and into replication-deficient modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). In four strains of mice, ChAdOx1 prime was delivered intramuscularly, with an MVA boost delivered by either IM or intravenous routes. Immune responses were measured in splenocytes using ELISpot, multiparameter flow cytometry, and a targeted in vivo killing assay.ResultsThe prime-boost regimen was highly immunogenic, with intravenous administration of the boost resulting in a sixfold increase in the magnitude of antigen-specific T cells induced and increased in vivo killing relative to the intramuscular boosting route. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-specific responses were dominant in all mouse strains studied (C57BL/6, BALBc, CD-1 and HLA-A2 transgenic).ConclusionThis quadrivalent immunotherapeutic approach using four antigens expressed in prostate cancer induced high magnitude, functional CD8+ T cells in murine models. The data suggest that comparing the intravenous versus intramuscular boosting routes is worthy of investigation in humans.
Normal percentile reference curves for skin ultrasound thickness and stiffness at Rodnan sites
Authors: Santiago Tânia , Santos Eduardo José Ferreira , Luis Mariana , Gaspar Catarina , Lima João , Caramelo Francisco , da Silva Jose Antonio Pereira 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesOur primary objective was to establish preliminary normal reference curves for ultrasound–dermal thickness and skin stiffness in the 17 Rodnan skin sites, considering the effect of gender and age on these measures. As an exploratory objective, we investigated the effect of body mass index and the menopause on skin ultrasound measures.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 140 healthy volunteers, aged 20–79 years. Recruitment was stratified by gender and age (10-year categories). Ultrasound–dermal thickness and skin stiffness were assessed by high-frequency ultrasound and shear-wave elastography, respectively, at the 17 Rodnan skin sites. Outcomes were evaluated through a mixed linear model, univariate and multivariate regressions. Normal reference curves were derived for both ultrasound measures in each skin site. An online calculator of the percentiles of skin ultrasound measures was developed.ResultsUltrasound–dermal thickness and stiffness measures were higher in men than women in all Rodnan skin sites (except in chest for ultrasound–dermal thickness). Age had also a significant impact in both ultrasound measures, but only in some skin sites. Gender and age percentile curves (97.5th, 95th, 75th, 50th, 25th, 5th, 2.5th) were plotted for each of the measures in each skin site.ConclusionsGender and age are strongly associated with skin ultrasound parameters, imposing the need for gender-specific and age-specific reference values. Normal reference percentile curves are provided as a basis for future cooperative work to strengthen its evidence basis, representativeness and refinement regarding potentially influential factors.
Wild edible mushroom knowledge and use in five forest communities in central México
Authors: Torres-Gómez Mariano , Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Pérez-Salicrup Diego R. , Casas Alejandro , Guevara Mario 
Published: November 2022

Wild edible mushrooms are non-timber forest products highly valued as food supplements and a source of income for rural communities. The objective is to quantify the use and knowledge of wild edible mushrooms across forest socio-ecosystems of central México. We conducted 40 household structured surveys in five Mestizo communities in the state of Michoacán (central-western México) to evaluate their mycological knowledge. We also compare the knowledge of these Mestizo people with that of the surrounding Indigenous communities. We compiled and updated a list of the wild edible mushrooms used in the whole state, which contains 243 mushroom species used out of the 371 used in México. Here, in these five communities, we recorded 13 species currently used (a median of seven). In four communities, 1 kg of mushrooms on average is collected per harvesting trip, whereas in one of the communities, people extracted 3 kg of mushrooms per trip on average and 5–15 kg per season, respectively. The most used and valued species were Amanita basii, Amanita jacksonii, and Hypomyces lactifluorum. Despite being highly valued resources, land managers do not include mushrooms in the decision-making process for planning forest management. We found that knowledge and use of wild edible mushrooms in Mestizo communities are lower than those in regional Indigenous communities in localities with similar climate and forest vegetation. Fungal resources like wild edible mushrooms in the area are therefore underutilized, making forested areas more vulnerable to land-use change. Promotion of mycological knowledge may contribute to enhancing forest conservation policies.
Effects of Dietary Pectin and Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 on Growth Performance, Immunocompetence, Gut Microbiota, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Narrow-Clawed Crayfish, Postantacus leptodactylus
Authors: Jastaniah Samyah Darwish Saddig , Hafsan Hafsan , Tseng Cheng-jui , Karim Yasir Salam , Hamza Mohammed Ubaid , Hameed Noora M. , Al-Zubaidi Sura Hasan , Almotlaq Saif Sabbar Kemil , Yasin Ghulam , Iswanto A. Heri , Dadras Mahnaz , Chorehi Mohammad Mansouri 
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) ATCC 11741 and pectin (PE) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota composition, immune parameters, antioxidant defense as well as disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in narrow-clawed crayfish, Postantacus leptodactylus. During 18 weeks trial feeding, 525 narrow-clawed crayfish juvenile (

8.07
±
0.1

g) fed with seven experimental diets including control (basal diet), LS1 (

1
×

10

7

CFU/g), LS2 (

1
×
109

CFU/g), PE1 (5 g/kg), PE2 (10 g/kg), LS1PE1 (

1
×

10

7

CFU/g +5 g/kg), and LS2PE2 (

1
×
109

CFU/g +10 g/kg). After 18 weeks, growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and feed conversion rate were significantly improved in all treatments (

P
<
0.05

). Besides, diets incorporated with LS1PE1 and LS2PE2 significantly increased the activity of amylase and protease enzymes compared to LS1, LS2, and control groups (

P
<
0.05

). Microbiological analyses revealed that the total heterotrophic bacteria count (TVC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of narrow-clawed crayfish fed diets containing LS1, LS2, LS1PE1, and LS2PE2 were higher than control group. The highest total haemocyte count (THC), large-granular (LGC) and semigranular cells (SGC) count, and hyaline count (HC) was obtained in LS1PE1 (

P
<
0.05

). Similarly, higher immunity activity (lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), nitroxidesynthetase (NOs), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)) observed in the LS1PE1 treatment compared to the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remarkably enhanced in LS1PE1 and LS2PE2, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content reduced in these two treatments. In addition, specimens belonging to LS1, LS2, PE2, LS1PE1, and LS2PE2 groups presented higher resistance against A. hydrophila compared to the control group. In conclusion, feeding narrow-clawed crayfish with synbiotic had higher efficiency on growth parameters, immunocompetence, and disease resistance compared to single consumption of prebiotics and probiotics.
Challenges and Emerging Opportunities for Targeting mTOR in Cancer
Authors: Wood Kris C. , Gutkind J. Silvio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in normal and malignant cell growth. However, pharmacologic targeting of mTOR in cancer has shown little clinical benefit, in spite of aberrant hyperactivation of mTOR in most solid tumors. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the reduced clinical efficacy of mTOR inhibition and highlight lessons learned from recent combination clinical trials and approved indications of mTOR inhibitors in cancer. We also discuss how the emerging systems level understanding of mTOR signaling in cancer can be exploited for the clinical development of novel multimodal precision targeted therapies and immunotherapies aimed at achieving tumor remission.
Conditioning Regimens are Associated with Distinct Patterns of Microbiota Injury in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shouval Roni , Waters Nicholas R. , Gomes Antonio L. C. , Zuanelli Brambilla Corrado , Fei Teng , Devlin Sean M. , Nguyen Chi L. , Markey Kate A. , Dai Anqi , Slingerland John B. , Clurman Annelie G. , Fontana Emily , Amoretti Luigi A. , Wright Roberta J. , Hohl Tobias M. , Taur Ying , Sung Anthony D. , Weber Daniela , Hashimoto Daigo , Teshima Takanori , Chao Nelson J. , Holler Ernst , Scordo Michael , Giralt Sergio A. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Peled Jonathan U. , van den Brink Marcel R.M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The gut microbiota is subject to multiple insults in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. We hypothesized that preparative conditioning regimens contribute to microbiota perturbation in allo-HCT.

Experimental Design:
This was a retrospective study that evaluated the relationship between conditioning regimens exposure in 1,188 allo-HCT recipients and the gut microbiome. Stool samples collected from 20 days before transplantation up to 30 days after were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbiota injury was quantified by changes in α-diversity.

Results:
We identified distinct patterns of microbiota injury that varied by conditioning regimen. Diversity loss was graded into three levels of conditioning-associated microbiota injury (CMBI) in a multivariable model that included antibiotic exposures. High-intensity regimens, such as total body irradiation (TBI)–thiotepa-cyclophosphamide, were associated with the greatest injury (CMBI III). In contrast, the nonmyeloablative regimen fludarabine–cyclophosphamide with low-dose TBI (Flu/Cy/TBI200) had a low-grade injury (CMBI I). The risk of acute GVHD correlated with CMBI degree. Pretransplant microbial compositions were best preserved with Flu/Cy/TBI200, whereas other regimens were associated with loss of commensal bacteria and expansion of Enterococcus.

Conclusions:
Our findings support an interaction between conditioning at the regimen level and the extent of microbiota injury.
Blood Pressure Control Targets and Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Teo Kay-Cheong , Keins Sophia , Abramson Jessica R. , Leung William C.Y. , Leung Ian Y.H. , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Yeung Charming , Kourkoulis Christina , Warren Andrew D. , Chan Koon-Ho , Cheung Raymond T.F. , Ho Shu-Leong , Gurol M. Edip , Viswanathan Anand , Greenberg Steven M. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lau Kui-Kai , Rosand Jonathan , Biffi Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors are at high risk for recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. Blood pressure (BP) control represents the most potent intervention to lower these risks, but optimal treatment targets in this patient population remain unknown. We sought to determine whether survivors of ICH achieving more intensive BP control than current guideline recommendations (systolic BP <130 mmHg and diastolic BP <80 mmHg) were at lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and mortality.

Methods:
We analyzed data for 1828 survivors of spontaneous ICH from 2 cohort studies. Follow-up BP measurements were recorded 3 and 6 months after ICH, and every 6 months thereafter. Outcomes of interest were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (recurrent ICH, incident ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction), vascular mortality (defined as mortality attributed to recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction), and all-cause mortality.

Results:
During a median follow-up of 46.2 months, we observed 166 recurrent ICH, 68 ischemic strokes, 69 myocardial infarction, and 429 deaths. Compared with survivors of ICH with systolic BP 120 to 129 mmHg, participants who achieved systolic BP <120 mmHg displayed reduced risk of recurrent ICH (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59–0.94]) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (AHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53–0.92]). All-cause mortality (AHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57–1.03]) and vascular mortality (AHR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.45–1.01]) did not differ significantly. Among participants aged >75 years or with modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 5, systolic BP <120 mmHg was associated with increased all-cause mortality (AHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.02–1.85] and AHR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03–1.78], respectively), but not vascular mortality. We found no differences in outcome rates between survivors of ICH with diastolic BP <70 versus 70 to 79 mmHg.

Conclusions:
Targeting systolic BP <120 mmHg in select groups of survivors of ICH could result in decreased major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events risk without increasing mortality. Our findings warrant investigation in dedicated randomized controlled trials.
De-risking Decarbonization: Accelerating Fossil Fuel Retirement by Shifting Costs to Future Winners
Authors: Gard-Murray Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFossil fuel–rich developing countries should be included in climate change mitigation. But they need money, above what rich countries have been willing to provide, to do so. I argue that existing approaches to international and intergenerational transfers have failed to bridge the gap between developing and developed countries’ interests. I present a new model in which the costs of present climate action are distributed not according to present or historical wealth but according to future wealth. I demonstrate the basic feasibility of this approach with an implementation I call income-adjusted guarantees. I argue that such an arrangement can help accelerate fossil fuel retirement in developing countries and break the deadlock over global climate financing.
Dynamics Are the Only Constant in Working Memory
Authors: Adam Kirsten C. S. , Rademaker Rosanne L. , Serences John T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this short perspective, we reflect upon our tendency to use oversimplified and idiosyncratic tasks in a quest to discover general mechanisms of working memory. We discuss how the work of Mark Stokes and collaborators has looked beyond localized, temporally persistent neural activity and shifted focus toward the importance of distributed, dynamic neural codes for working memory. A critical lesson from this work is that using simplified tasks does not automatically simplify the neural computations supporting behavior (even if we wish it were so). Moreover, Stokes' insights about multidimensional dynamics highlight the flexibility of the neural codes underlying cognition and have pushed the field to look beyond static measures of working memory.