bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practicing gratitude to combat despair: Discovered joy in addictions nursing
Authors: Curtis Alexa Colgrove 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The convergence of the opioid epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need in our communities to combat a rising tide of “deaths of despair.” Responding to the call to care for persons with a substance use disorder is a service to both community and to self. Working in addictions provides the nurse practitioner renewed opportunity to experience life and career affirming humility, resilience, and gratitude through the joys of recovery.
The Influence of the Introduction of Biologic Agents on Surgical Intervention in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bethell George S. , Ashton James J. , Adams Stephen , Beattie R. Mark , Hall Nigel J. , Stanton Michael P. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To determine how the use of biological therapy is associated with surgical intervention for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) at a population level.

Methods:
Hospital Episode Statistics data were obtained for all admissions within England (1997–2015), in children aged 0–18 years, with an ICD-10 code for diagnosis of Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified (IBD-U). Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures codes for major surgical resection associated with PIBD and for biological therapy were also obtained. Data are presented as median values (interquartile range).

Results:
In total, 22,645 children had a diagnosis of PIBD of which 13,722 (61%) had CD, 7604 (34%) had UC, and 1319 (5.8%) cases had IBD-U. Biological therapy was used in 4054 (17.9%) cases. Surgical resection was undertaken in 3212 (14%) cases, more commonly for CD than UC (17.5 vs 10.3%, P < 0.0001). Time from diagnosis to major surgical resection was 8.3 (1.2–28.2) months in CD and 8.2 (0.8–21.3) months in UC. As the time-frame of the dataset progressed, there was a decreased rate of surgical intervention (P = 0.04) and an increased use of biological therapy (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the number of new diagnoses of PIBD increased.

Conclusions:
The introduction of biologic agents has been associated with a reduction in cases undergoing surgery in children with a known diagnosis of PIBD. As time progresses we will be able to determine whether biological therapies prevent the need for surgery altogether or just delay this until adulthood.
Simulation-Based Mastery Learning to Facilitate Transition to Nursing Practice
Authors: Tan Kimberly-Ann Zi Ying , Seah Betsy , Wong Lai Fun , Lee Cindy Ching Siang , Goh Hongli Sam , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) was developed and implemented to facilitate nursing students' transition to clinical practice.

Purpose:
To evaluate nursing students' perspectives on the impact of SBML on their transition to clinical practice.

Method:
A descriptive qualitative study using focus group discussions was conducted with final-year nursing students who had completed their clinical practicum and SBML.

Results:
Three themes emerged: authenticity of simulations, whereby students were able to draw some parallels between their simulations and clinical experiences; self-efficacy in clinical practice, which was gained through deliberate practice; and application of cognitive tools, which provided mental frameworks to guide clinical performances.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the need to ensure the fidelity of the simulations to achieve authentic experiences, provide deliberate practice to develop self-efficacy, and use cognitive tools for mental model formation to create a high-quality SBML program to foster better transfer of simulation learning to real-life setting.
Fitting of Orthokeratology in the United States: A Survey of the Current State of Orthokeratology
Authors: Lipson Michael J. , Curcio Louise R. 
Published: June 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
The Fitting of Orthokeratology in the United States (FOKUS) survey provides information about the US orthokeratology market. This independent survey is the first to attain detailed assessment of the orthokeratology market.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to develop and administer a survey to eye care providers in the United States who are managing orthokeratology patients and those who are not, to determine a profile of prescribers, patients, and overall market.

METHODS
The FOKUS survey was administered and distributed online. Outcome measures of the FOKUS survey involved general categories of (1) practice and practitioner profiles, (2) clinical prescribing patterns, (3) patient profile, (4) products and marketing, (5) fees, and (6) market size and growth.

RESULTS
The number of eye care providers who are actively fitting and managing orthokeratology patients in the United States is approximately 3000. A total of 545 responded to the survey; 283 reported that they were actively fitting orthokeratology. Furthermore, 68% of respondents prescribed orthokeratology with the intent of managing myopia, 53% monitor axial length, and 61% start orthokeratology patients at 13 years or younger. The mean number of years a patient wears orthokeratology is 7.8 years. A commonly reported complication with orthokeratology is corneal staining. Microbial keratitis is rarely or never seen by 86% of respondents. Of those currently fitting, 56% anticipate growth of orthokeratology fitting over the next 12 months. Of those not currently fitting orthokeratology, 46% plan to start within 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Orthokeratology represents a small but growing segment of the US contact lens market. The number of practitioners actively prescribing and fitting orthokeratology in the United States is approximately 3000 with high potential for growth within the next 2 years. Results of the FOKUS survey are relevant to practitioners currently fitting or considering orthokeratology, manufacturers, educators, and researchers as baseline for future orthokeratology market assessment.
Impact of demographic factors on chronic pain among adults in the United States
Authors: Mullins Peter M. , Yong Robert J. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic pain affects more than 1 in 5 American adults, and its effects are not evenly distributed throughout the population.

Methods:
Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a household-based annual survey of self-reported health status of U.S. adults, this cross-sectional study describes differences in the prevalence of chronic pain and its effects across socioeconomic groups.

Results:
In univariate analyses, chronic pain was more prevalent among female respondents, persons with lower educational attainment, non-Hispanic White individuals, and those who were insured as well as those who were married. After accounting for all other demographic factors, age, female sex, and lower educational attainment were associated with higher odds of having chronic pain, whereas Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black race were associated with lower odds. Despite lower odds of having chronic pain, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black race were associated with greater odds of reporting more severe pain than White race. There were no significant differences across race in the effects of pain on life, work, or family, although female sex and lower educational attainment were associated with greater effects of pain on these domains. Educational attainment was the only characteristic associated with greater odds of ineffective pain management after accounting for all other demographic factors.

Conclusions:
Implications for reducing disparities in the treatment of chronic pain are discussed.
Pectoral Plane Block versus Local Anesthetic Infiltration in Breast Implant Augmentation Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Moris Vivien , Sanchez Antoine , Guilloteau Adrien , Guillier David , Heranney Julie , Zwetyenga Narcisse , Kerfant Nathalie 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Pectoral plane blocks are routinely used in analgesia for patients undergoing dual-plane breast augmentation with implants. Local anesthetic infiltration is a simple alternative technique with the same aim. The authors evaluated both techniques.

Methods:
In this single-center retrospective study, patients received pectoral plane block (ropivacaine 0.2%, 10 ml for pectoral plane I; 20 ml for pectoral plane II) or local anesthetic infiltration. The primary outcome measure was pain, according to the visual analogue scale, at 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the measure of pain at 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after surgery; total opioid consumption at 24 hours; and opioid side effects.

Results:
Eighty-one patients were finally recruited: 37 in the pectoral plane group and 44 in the local anesthetic infiltration group. Patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups. At 24 hours after surgery, the local anesthetic infiltration group showed a decrease in pain, with a visual analogue scale score of 0.7 versus 1.5 in the pectoral plane group (p = 0.007). There was no difference in visual analogue scale score between the two groups at 1, 2, 6, or 12 hours after surgery. The duration of anesthesia was increased in the pectoral plane group, with 153 minutes versus 120 minutes in the local anesthetic infiltration group (p < 0.001). There was no difference in rescue morphine consumption between the two groups.

Conclusions:
The authors found that local anesthetic infiltration had a superior analgesic effect at 24 hours after surgery for dual-plane breast implant augmentation compared with pectoral plane block. These findings are a good indication that the local anesthetic infiltration technique is at least as effective as pectoral plane block while being safe, fast, and easy to use.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Brain abscess in immunocompetent patients: recent findings
Authors: Thy Michael , Gaudemer Augustin , d’Humières Camille , Sonneville Romain 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
We conducted a systematic review of the literature to update findings on the epidemiology and the management of cerebral abscesses in immunocompetent patients.

Recent findings
Observational studies suggest that the overall prognosis has improved over the last decades but mortality rates remain high. Several parameters may contribute to a better prognosis, including the identification of common risk factors for brain abscess, the systematic use of brain MRI at diagnosis, the implementation of appropriate neurosurgical and microbiological techniques for diagnosis, the optimization of the antibacterial treatment based on epidemiology and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, and a long-term follow-up for detection of secondary complications. Outcome research on brain abscess is mainly based on observational studies. Randomized controlled trials have yet to be performed to identify clinically relevant interventions associated with improved patient-centered outcomes.

Summary
Our review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize brain abscess management both at the acute phase and in the long-term. Randomized controlled studies are urgently needed to identify interventions associated with improved outcomes.
Barriers and Enablers of Second-Order Problem-Solving Behavior: How Nurses Can Break Away From the Workaround Culture
Authors: Vanbelleghem Sem , De Regge Melissa , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Gemmel Paul 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives:
Nurses are challenged by numerous day-to-day unexpected problems due to poorly performing work systems that hinder patient care. These operational failures persist in hospitals, partly because nurses tend to prefer quick fixes or workarounds over real improvements that prevent recurrence. The aim of this review is to shed light on the barriers to and enablers of nurses' second-order problem-solving behavior and their consequences, so that hospitals can learn from failure and improve organizational outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review, with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method articles, searching 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) following the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality assessment for inclusion was performed by 2 independent authors using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A descriptive synthesis was used for analysis.

Results:
This study reveals the barriers and enablers for second-order problem-solving behavior, and synthesizes improvement proposals within 3 perspectives, namely the “empowerment” perspective, the “process improvement” perspective, and the “time” perspective. Furthermore, we found that limited attention is given to the patient's perspective, and the existence of a no-action behavior.

Conclusion:
Although operational failures have several important consequences for hospital staff and organizations, there has been hardly any research into the barriers and enablers that initiate second-order problem-solving behavior; stemming this nursing behavior has thus rarely appeared as a suggestion for improvement.
Diagnostic Agreement Among General Practitioners, Residents, and Senior Rheumatologists for Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Farias Teixeira Maria Eugênia , Bonjorno Letícia Pastorelli , Menezes Pâmella Indira Silva Oliveira , Gigante Samara Libich Gusmão , Dib Saulo Musse , Oliveira Fabíola Reis , Silva Lucienir Maria , Petean Flávio Calil , Moraes Daniela Aparecida , Luppino-Assad Rodrigo , Oliveira Rodrigo , Almeida Sérgio Couto Luna , Oliveira Maria Carolina , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Oliveira Renê Donizeti Ribeiro 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance of the diagnoses made by senior rheumatologists and those made by residents in rheumatology and by general practitioners (GPs).

Methods
In this cohort, 497 patients referred by GPs from August 1, 2018 to December 16, 2019 were evaluated first by a second-year resident in rheumatology. After clinical rounds, the diagnoses by senior rheumatologists were assumed as the criterion standard and defined the prevalence of the rheumatic diseases, divided into 5 groups: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, other connective tissue diseases and vasculitis, nonautoimmune rheumatic diseases, and nonrheumatic diseases. The follow-up ended on November 30, 2020. We calculated sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ coefficient of the diagnosis by GPs and residents.

Results
The diagnoses were changed for 58% of the referral letters. Diseases of low complexity, such as fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, accounted for 50% of the diagnoses. Compared with senior rheumatologists, residents in rheumatology had κ > 0.6 for all the groups, whereas GPs had κ < 0.5, with the worst performance for nonautoimmune rheumatic disease (κ = −0.18) and nonrheumatic disease (κ = 0.15). In terms of level of complexity, 46% of the letters were inappropriate.

Conclusions
We found a poor level of diagnostic agreement between GPs and the rheumatology team. General practitioners had difficulties diagnosing and treating rheumatic diseases, referring patients that should be treated in the primary level of health care. One year of training in rheumatology made residents' skills comparable to those of senior rheumatologists.
Focusing on Patient-outcome performance measures of Active and Passive Implants – A Systematic Review
Authors: Stucke Jana , Tzvi-Minker Elinor , Keck Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationActive implantable electronic medical devices are used in different fields of medicine, in particular cardiology and neurology. Several papers have been published over the years comparing the technical performance of implants between leading manufactures. However, no such comparison has been done with respect to “Patient-Reported Outcomes” (PROs) for most implant types, despite its importance in evaluating the quality of a medical device. With the recent update of the European Union’s (EU) regulation on public procurement towards value-based medicine, it has become beneficial for manufacturers to focus more on PROs to differentiate their products in order to create a marketing leverage. Most importantly, investigating PROs can assist shared decision-making, support pharmaceutical labelling claims and influence healthcare policy and practice. Due to this the review aims to showcase the lack of PRO comparisons between implant manufacturers across different medical fields and its impact on patients and surgeons.MethodsA literature search was conducted for active and passive implant performance comparisons in the area of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICDs), deep brain stimulation (DBS), cochlear implants (CIs) and intraocular lenses (IOLs). The search focused on the availability of manufacturer comparisons with regards to PROs. A total of 640 papers from 2000 until 2022 were screened in detail for the search term “patient reported outcomes” for the different implant types. Next, we analyzed the results by tagging papers based on the specific topics they investigated in their study to enable a cross-comparison. We noted whether the implant manufacturers were mentioned as well as whether a manufacturer comparison was done. Studies were also evaluated based on the number of patients included.ResultsA total of 38 papers were identified for ICDs, 31 for DBS, 68 for IOLs and 34 for CIs. 50% of the papers for IOL focused on PROs and 22% and 14% for CIs and DBS, whilst mentioning the manufacturers. No papers dealing with PROs could be identified for ICDs. Manufacturer comparison was not attempted by any of the reviewed papers, despite implants such as CIs and DBS having quite a significant impact on the quality of life.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for clinical studies which focus on PRO comparisons between implants of different manufacturers, to not only provide physicians and patients with critical information that informs their decision prior to implantation, but also to increase the competition between manufacturers, thus, fostering innovation. The former would allow physicians to recommend the most suitable implant for the patient. In addition, this will drive manufacturers towards PRO focused improvements.
Identifying and managing problematic trials: a Research Integrity Assessment (RIA) tool for randomized controlled trials in evidence synthesis
Authors: Weibel Stephanie , Popp Maria , Reis Stefanie , Skoetz Nicole , Garner Paul , Sydenham Emma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEvidence synthesis findings depend on the assumption that the included studies follow good clinical practice and results are not fabricated or contain errors. Studies which are problematic due to scientific misconduct, poor research practice, or honest error may distort evidence synthesis findings. Authors of evidence synthesis need transparent mechanisms to identify and manage problematic studies to avoid misleading findings.As evidence synthesis authors of the Cochrane COVID-19 review on ivermectin, we identified many problematic studies in terms of research integrity and regulatory compliance. Through iterative discussion, we developed a Research Integrity Assessment (RIA) tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RIA was piloted and used in updating this Cochrane review. In this paper, we explain the rationale and application of the RIA tool.RIA assesses six study criteria: study retraction, prospective trial registration, adequate ethics approval, plausible authorship, sufficient reporting of methods (e.g., randomization), and plausibility of study results. RIA was used in the Cochrane review as part of the eligibility check during screening of potentially eligible studies. Problematic studies were excluded and studies with open questions were held in awaiting classification until clarified. RIA decisions were made independently by two authors and reported transparently. Using the RIA tool resulted in the exclusion of >40% of studies in the first update of the review.RIA is a complementary tool prior to assessing ‘Risk of Bias’ aiming to establish the integrity and authenticity of studies. RIA provides a platform for urgent development of a standard approach to identifying and managing problematic studies.
Whole Exome Sequencing Analyses Support a Role of Vitamin D Metabolism in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xie Yuhan , Acosta Julián N. , Ye Yixuan , Demarais Zachariah S. , Conlon Carolyn J. , Chen Ming , Zhao Hongyu , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is a highly heritable trait. Genome-wide association studies have identified several commonly occurring susceptibility risk loci for this condition. However, there are limited data on the contribution of rare genetic variation to IS. We conducted a whole-exome association study of IS in 152,058 UK Biobank participants (mean age 57, 6.8 [SD 8.0], 83,131 [54.7%] were females), including 1,777 IS cases (mean age 61.4 [SD 6.6], 666 [37.5%] were females). We performed single-variant analyses for all variants and gene-based analyses for loss of function and deleterious missense rare variants. In the gene-based analysis, rare genetic variation at CYP2R1 was significantly associated with IS risk (P=2.6×10−6), exceeding the Bonferroni-corrected threshold for 16,074 tests (P<3.1 × 10−6). We first replicated these findings using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study that included 67,162 IS cases and 454,450 controls (gene-based test for CYP2R1, P=0.003). We pursued a second replication focused on IS recurrence using individual-level data from 1,706 IS survivors, including 142 cases of recurrent IS, enrolled in the VISP trial (gene-based test for CYP2R1, P=0.001). We also found that common genetic variation at CYP2R1 was associated with white matter hyperintensity volume (42,310 participants) and both mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (17,663 participants) in the subcohort of UK Biobank (all gene-based tests P<0.05). Because CYP2R1 plays an important role in vitamin D metabolism, our results support a role of this pathway in the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.