bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Nantucket Pine TIP Moth on Loblolly Pines, 1982
Authors: King Ed , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , whitcomb Carl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two different systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of Nantucket pine tip moth on loblolly pines. The test was conducted at the OSU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, OK. Treatments were applied around each tree with a PNS E-2 fertilizer feeder on Dec 11. Field-grown lobllolly pines, 3-5 ft high, 1.2 in in diameter, growing on a sandy loam soil were utilized. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in a randomized block design, with 5 trees per replication. Trees were evaluated for larval infestation on Oun 1, Jul 13 and Aug 25. Evaluations were made by removing damaged tips and checking for live larvae. Rainfall in the area of the test was: Jan, 2.56 in; Feb, 2.4 in; Mar, 1.2 in; Apr, 2.47 in; May 14, 0.6 in; Oun 4, 0.37 in; Jul 1, 0.98 in; and Aug 1, 0.38 in for a total of 30.96 in.
Scots Pine, Control of Summer Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale, Carroll Co., OH, 1981
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Roth J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pinus sylvestris (2-2.5 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating toxicity of an experimental pyrethroid Insecticide against crawlers of the summer (= July) generation. Infested trees with newly hatching crawlers were sprayed Jul 22, using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpm's to deliver ca. 946 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates per treatment. Ambient temperature was 21°C with partly cloudy skies and a 6-8 kph breeze. Settled first instars, crawlers, and eggs were present during spraying. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated Aug 4 by collecting infested needle fascicles and inspecting them with the aid of a binocular microscope in the field for living and dead settled first instars. Counts were made from at least 3 fascicles; the first 100 settled nymphs observed were used for analysis.
Control of Hawthorn Lace Bugs On Pyracantha, 1982:
Authors: Foltz Julie , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , King Ed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hawthorn lace bug control was evaluated on a pyracantha hedge located in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Three hundred feet of hedge was utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Each treatment consisted of a 20 ft section 4-5 ft high. Application equipment consisted of a Marco R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 psi. Sprays were applied until run-off. Treatments were made on Jun 28 when the temperature was 84 F and the wind velocity was 5-8 mph. Infestations were determined by counting adults and nymphs on 6 in of terminal branch at 20 locations in each treatment.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar with Kryocide, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kryocide was evaluated on cherry leaves for the control of third instar Eastern tent caterpillars at the University of New Hampshire. Orthene was used as a standard. The chemicals were applied on May 11. The treatments were rated 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days after application. Leaves were dipped into the appropriate solutions and fed to larvae in pint paper containers. Freshly dipped leaves were added after 2 days. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Each replicate represented 5-pt containers, 5 larvae per container, for a total 75 larvae per treatment.
Insect Control in Early Snap Beans, 1982
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against snap bean insects at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Snap beans were planted in 38-inch rows on May 19. Plots were 6 rows × 20 ft with treatments replicated in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on Jul 1 to the center 4 rows/plot with a 2-gal compressed-air handsprayer at 50 gal/acre spray. One treated row/plot was sampled by taking 5 sweeps along the row (ca 15-row-ft) with a 15-inch diameter insect net. A different row was sampled on each date to reduce plant damage. Three-row-feet were hand harvested from the second treated row on Jul 9 and from the third-treated-row on Jul 13.
Seed Maggot Control, 1982
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single row treatments 36 inches apart, 15 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Hand-pushed cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds in each row and to distribute granules of insecticide. Spray treatments were applied at 50 gal H2O/acre using a C02-powered spray unit mounted on a cone seeder. Over-furrow granular treatments were applied with a hand-pushed Gandy applicator as a 4-inch band before planting. Those treatments designated as incorporation treatments had the over-furrow bands of insecticide lightly incorporated with a hand rake prior to planting. After planting, a 2- to 4-inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over the row by hand to increase oviposition in the vicinity of the seeds. Bean, corn, and squash seeds were treated on Jun 5, 8, and 11, respectively. Each crop was planted in a separate plot on Jun 22. Damage counts were made on Jul 4 (beans), Jul 9 (corn), and Jul 13 (squash). For squash and beans, emerged seedlings in each row were counted, damaged individuals recorded, and an avg % damage calculated. Efficacy counts were made on corn by digging up 25 seeds/row, examining them for injury, and calculating an avg % damage.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1982:
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted Jul 22 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. Agway sticker-spreader (2.5 ml/gal) was added to all treatments. Treatments were applied Sep 9. Evaluations were made on Sep 14 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species. Infestations were considered moderate.
Renewable energy configuration scheme of data center in cold area. A case study
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Yan Yanqiu , Jiang Yiqiang , Ge Jie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The core of building energy allocation is to reduce the power load and power consumption through the reasonable allocation of energy equipment, so as to reduce the capacity of the supply side and save investment. In this way, the configuration of energy schemes in data center is conducted in this paper. According to the results of load forecasting, the energy supply scheme of each building in the planning area is determined, including ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, solar water heating system and heat pipe air conditioning system. In addition, feasibility analysis and economic analysis of each configuration scheme are carried out, and the relatively reasonable scheme is selected. It is found that GSHP system can be used in canteen building, solar hot water system can be used as auxiliary for apartment buildings and joint operation of heat pipe air conditioning unit and traditional machine room air conditioning unit is the most economical for data room. Through the research of this paper, a feasible method for the reasonable allocation of energy is provided in the data center planning stage.
CROSS-MARKET IMPACT OF PLATFORMS’ ACTIVITIES: A SECONDARY RELEVANT MARKET APPROACH
Authors: Lee Ki Jong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As platform industries prosper, games are becoming more and more like a team competition rather than an individual sport. Literature on platform envelopment and ecosystems competition shed light on the increasing need to consider cross-market effects of platforms’ activities in competitive analysis. Some established legal principles consider cross-market effects of platforms activities. However, they apply under strict conditions and may not be easily extended to cover the wide variety of platforms’ activities. Thus, this article proposes to introduce a secondary relevant market approach, whereby courts and competition agencies should be obliged to define a secondary relevant market and consider pro- and anticompetitive factors in that market, which significantly affect competition in a primary (original) relevant market. By applying the approach, we could address the increasing need to consider cross-market effect of platforms’ activities, without interrupting the keynote of traditional market definition, which focuses on close substitutes. It also enables us to fairly distribute the burden of proof among the parties. The approach can be applied in various contexts, such as platform market definition, nascent acquisition, platform envelopment, and ecosystems competition. It could also help legislators to pursue better targeted regulatory intervention.
The role of density perturbation on planet formation by pebble accretion
Authors: Andama G , Ndugu N , Anguma S K , Jurua E 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary discs exhibit a diversity of gaps and rings of dust material, believed to be a manifestation of pressure maxima commonly associated with an ongoing planet formation and several other physical processes. Hydrodynamic disc simulations further suggest that multiple dust ring-like structures may be ubiquitous in discs. In the recent past, it has been shown that dust rings may provide a suitable avenue for planet formation. We study how a globally perturbed disc affects dust evolution and core growth by pebble accretion. We performed global disc simulations featuring a Gaussian pressure profile, in tandem with global perturbations of the gas density, mimicking wave-like structures, and simulated planetary core formation at pressure minima and maxima. With Gaussian pressure profiles, grains in the inside disc regions were extremely depleted in the first 0.1 Myr of disc lifetime. The global pressure bumps confined dust material for several million years, depending on the strength of perturbations. A variety of cores formed in bumpy discs, with massive cores at locations where core growth was not feasible in a smooth disc, and small cores at locations where massive cores could form in a smooth disc. We conclude that pressure bumps generated by a planet and/or other physical phenomena can completely thwart planet formation from the inside parts of the disc. While inner disc parts are most favourable for pebble accretion in a smooth disc, multiple wave-like pressure bumps can promote rapid planet formation by pebble accretion in broad areas of the disc.
Blockade of integrin signaling reduces chemotherapy-induced premature senescence in collagen cultured bladder cancer cells
Authors: Deng Linghui , Jin Kun , Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Ge Liming , Xiong Xingyu , Su Xingyang , Jin Di , Yuan Qiming , Zhang Chichen , Li Yifan , Zhao Haochen , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu , Qiu Shi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Diminished sensitivity towards chemotherapy remains the major impediment to the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. However, the critical elements in control of chemotherapy resistance remain obscure.

Methods
We adopted improved collagen gels and performed cytotoxicity analysis of doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) of bladder cancer cells in a 3D culture system. We then detected the expression of multidrug resistant gene ABCB1, dormancy-associated functional protein chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor 1 (COUPTF1), cell proliferation marker Ki-67, and cellular senescence marker senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in these cells. We further tested the effects of integrin blockade or protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor on the senescent state of bladder cancer. Also, we examined the tumor growth and survival time of bladder cancer mouse models given the combination treatment of chemotherapeutic agents and integrin α2β1 ligand peptide TFA (TFA).

Results
Collagen gels played a repressive role in bladder cancer cell apoptosis induced by DOX and MMC. In mechanism, collagen activated the integrin β1/AKT cascade to drive bladder cancer cells into a premature senescence state via the p53/p21 pathway, thus attenuating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In addition, TFA had the ability to mediate the switch from senescence to apoptosis of bladder cancer cells in xenograft mice. Meanwhile, TFA combined with chemotherapeutic drugs produced a substantial suppression of tumor growth as well as an extension of survival time in vivo.

Conclusions
Based on our finding that integrin β1/AKT acted primarily to impart premature senescence to bladder cancer cells cultured in collagen gel, we suggest that integrin β1 might be a feasible target for bladder cancer eradication.
Examining multilevel neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics associated with colorectal cancer screening in Vietnamese Americans residing in Philadelphia County
Authors: Bhimla Aisha , Zhu Lin , Twardus Shaina , Lin Timmy , Vo Sarah , Do Phuong , Ma Grace X 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most predominant cancers in the USA and ranks third among all cancers in incidence and mortality. Vietnamese Americans exhibit persistently lower screening rates compared to the general U.S. population, due to cultural, economic, and environmental barriers. The impact of environmental factors in particular is not well known, and lack of geographical access may be a significant barrier to accessing screening. This study aims to elucidate build and neighborhood environmental factors affecting CRC screening rates among Vietnamese Americans. A total of 517 Vietnamese Americans 50 years and older residing in Philadelphia County were included in the study. Surveys were collected to determine CRC screening behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. Individual neighborhood characteristics, which included the Walk Score, was obtained based on the participant’s address. Neighborhood characteristics were calculated using census-tract level data for the social deprivation index, ethnic composition, and presence of hospitals or federally qualified health centers (FQHC). The generalized linear mixed model revealed that residing in an ethnically dense neighborhood was negatively associated with CRC screening (β = −0.67, SE = 0.29, p = .01), while social deprivation (β = 0.30, SE = 0.27, p = .27) and presence of FQHCs or hospitals (β = 0.16, SE = 0.30, p = .58) were not. Individual neighborhood characteristics including the Walk Score (β = 0.21, SE = 0.26, p = .43) was not associated with CRC screening behavior. Neighborhood characteristics, specifically ethnic density is associated with lower uptake of screening in this population. Future interventions should aim to target specific Vietnamese American and other Asian ethnic neighborhoods that may experience disparities in screening.
Nasal Reconstruction by Expanded Forehead Scalping Flap: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Hesamirostami Mohammadhossein , Hesamirostami Sanli 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Nasal reconstruction is a difficult and complex surgery due to highlights and shadows of three-dimensional central structure of the face. Similarity of tissues, units–subunits, and invisibility of the scar are very important principles for reconstruction. In this case report, we present reconstruction of subunits of the nose by an expanded forehead scalping flap in a 12-year-old boy, whose tip and columellar subunits had been avulsed by a dog bite, in a hidden scar manner.
Unusual Location of Pulp Glomus Tumor: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Mortada Hatan , AlRabah Razan , Kattan Abdullah E. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Glomus tumors are painful, benign tumors that develop from the glomus bodies. They account for less than 1% of tumors in hand, and less than 10% present in the pulp of the digits. Cold hypersensitivity, increased pinprick sensitivity, and paroxysmal pain are common glomus tumor symptoms. We describe a 27-year-old man who came with pain in the right little digit, confined to the pulp for 10 years. The tip of the finger was extremely sensitive to touch, and the pain worsened in a cold atmosphere. Upon palpation, no mass was recognized. There was pinpoint tenderness within the distal volar pulp of the little finger. MRI with a contrast of the right little digit showed a 2-mm enhancing lesion in the tip of the little finger. An incision was done over the volar plane of the little finger, removing the tumor bluntly. The tumor was found to be a glomus tumor after histologic evaluation. Glomus tumors of the volar pulp are notoriously hard to detect. Hence, the presence of localized pain in the volar tip for the finger should raise suspicion of the diagnosis of a glomus tumor, and surgical removal should be offered to relieve symptoms and avoid recurrence.
Overview of Short-Term and Intermediate-Term Corneal Storage Solution: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Need For Future Research
Authors: Roy Aravind , Jeng Bennie H. , Chaurasia Sunita , Das Sujata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Corneal donor tissue preservation techniques have incrementally improved since the introduction of McCarey–Kaufman storage solution from short-term storage to intermediate duration of storage with the advent of organ culture and Optisol GS storage solutions. Improved understanding of the corneal endothelial cell physiology has helped in designing newer storage solutions, such as the Life 4C and Cornea Cold. The incorporation of antibiotics, ATP precursors, minerals, and vitamins has improved the viability of tissues. In addition, these modifications to the newer storage solutions have increased the endothelial longevity and metabolic activity. Despite these advances, the duration of tissue storage has largely been restricted to 2 weeks in Optisol GS and 4 weeks in organ culture. The role and cost-effectiveness of antifungal supplementation and the need for improved epithelial preservation are additional areas that need to be explored. This review intends to summarize the efficacy and viability of donor corneas in different tissue storage solution and compare clinical outcomes while providing an insight into the challenges in developing newer methods of corneal preservation.
Prognostic Role of Albumin-Bilirubin Grade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation: A Single-center Experience Over a Decade
Authors: Long Haiyi , Xie Xiaohua , Huang Guangliang , Huang Tongyi , Xie Xiaoyan , Liu Baoxian 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been proposed to evaluate liver function and predict prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data are scarce in terms of the clinical application of ALBI score in patients with HCC undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The current study sought to assess the prognostic efficacy of ALBI grade in early-stage HCC after RFA.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 344 treatment-naive patients, whereby the overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local tumor progression, and intrahepatic distant recurrence were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors determining OS and RFS after RFA were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results:
During a median follow-up time of 48.0 months (range: 2 to 158 mo), 48 patients had died because of tumor progression or liver failure. Patients with ALBI grade 2 had poorer OS (P=0.033) and RFS (P=0.002), and higher intrahepatic distant recurrence rate (P<0.001) than those with ALBI grade 1. Local tumor progression rates were comparable between the 2 groups (P=0.801). Multivariate analyses showed that ABLI grade 2 was the only independent risk factor for poor OS (hazard ratio=1.850, 95% confidence interval: 1.041-3.286, P=0.036) and poor RFS (hazard ratio=1.467, 95% confidence interval: 1.094-1.968, P=0.011) after RFA. For Child-Pugh grade A group, patients divided by ALBI grade 1 versus grade 2 showed significant differences in both OS and RFS (P=0.039 and 0.002).

Conclusion:
The ALBI grade can be used to discriminate long-term prognosis in patients with HCC following RFA and to further stratify prognosis in those with Child-Pugh grade A.
Age-based differences in quantity and frequency of consumption when screening for harmful alcohol use
Authors: Callinan Sarah , Livingston Michael , Dietze Paul , Gmel Gerhard , Room Robin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAimsSurvey questions on usual quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are regularly used in screening tools to identify drinkers requiring intervention. The aim of this study is to examine age-based differences in quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and how this relates to the prediction of harmful or dependent drinkingDesignCross sectional surveySettingAustralia.ParticipantsData was taken from 17,399 respondents who reported any alcohol consumption in the last year and were aged 18 and over from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a broadly representative cross-sectional survey on substance use.MeasurementRespondents were asked about their frequency of consumption, usual quantity per occasion and the other items of the AUDIT.FindingsIn older drinkers, quantity per occasion (β=0.53 (0.43, 0.64 95%CI in 43-47 year olds as an example) is a stronger predictor of dependence than frequency per occasion (β=0.24 (0.17, 0.31). In younger drinkers the reverse was true with frequency a stronger predictor (β=0.54 (0.39, 0.69) in 23-27 year olds) than quantity (β=0.26 (0.18, 0.34) in 23-27 year olds). Frequency of consumption was not a significant predictor of dependence in respondents aged 73 and over (β=-0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)). Similar patterns were found when predicting harmful drinking. Despite this, since frequency of consumption increased steadily with age, the question on frequency was responsible for at least 65% of AUDIT scores in drinkers aged 53 and over.ConclusionsThe items with a weaker association with dependent or harmful drinking in younger and older drinkers are the same items with the strongest influence on overall AUDIT scores. Further investigation into age-specific scoring of screening tools is recommended.
Understanding social and environmental factors and their contribution mechanisms to HIV transmission among heterosexual men in Indonesia
Authors: Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Mwanri Lillian , Hawke Karen , Ward Paul Russell 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe number of HIV infection among heterosexual men in Indonesia continues to increase. This paper describes social and environmental factors and the mechanisms through which these factors may have contributed to the transmission of HIV among men in Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one and face-to-face in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from men living with HIV in Yogyakarta and Belu, from June to December 2019. Participants (n=40) were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. The logical model for socio-environmental determinants diagnosis was used to conceptualise the study and discuss the findings. The findings showed that social factors such as peer influence on sex, condom use and injecting drug use were contributing factors for HIV transmission among the participants. Other factors and drivers of HIV transmission included mobility, migration, and the environment the participants lived, worked and interacted, which facilitated their engagement in high-risk behaviours. The findings indicate the need for wide dissemination of information and education about HIV and condoms for men, within communities and migration areas in Indonesia and other similar settings globally in order to increase their understanding of the means of HIV transmission, and condom use for HIV prevention.