bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of mitochondrial alternative oxidase can result in upregulation of the ROS scavenging network: some possible mechanisms underlying the compensation effect
Authors: Garmash E. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitochondrial alternative oxidase is an important protein involved in maintaining cellular metabolic and energy balance, especially under stress conditions. AOX genes knockout is aimed at revealing the functions of AOX genes. Under unfavourable conditions, AOX‐suppressed plants (mainly based on Arabidopsis AOX1a‐knockout lines) usually experience strong oxidative stress. However, a compensation effect, which consists of the absence of AOX1a leading to an increase in defence response mechanisms, concomitant with a decrease in ROS content, has also been demonstrated. This review briefly describes the possible mechanisms underlying the compensation effect upon the suppression of AOX1a. Information about mitochondrial retrograde regulation of AOX is given. The importance of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in triggering the signal transmission from mitochondria in the absence of AOX or disturbance of mitochondrial electron transport chain functions is indicated. The few available data on the response of the cell to the absence of AOX at the level of changes in the hormonal balance and the reactions of chloroplasts are presented. The decrease in the relative amount of reduced ascorbate at stable ROS levels as a result of compensation in AOX1a‐suppressed plants is proposed as a sign of stress development. Obtaining direct evidence on the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in AOX modulation in the genome should facilitate a deeper understanding of the role of AOX in the integration of cellular signalling pathways.
Knock‐out of N‐glycolylneuraminic acid attenuates antibody‐mediated rejection in xenogenically perfused porcine lungs
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Habibabady Zahra , Hassanein Wessam , Connolly Margaret R. , Burdorf Lars , Redding Emily , Laird Christopher , Ranek Jolene , Braileanu Gheorghe , Sendil Selin , Cheng Xiangfei , Sun Wenji , O'Neill Natalie A. , Kuravi Kasinath , Hurh Sunghoon , Ayares David L. , Azimzadeh Agnes M. , Pierson Richard N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibody‐mediated rejection has long been known to be one of the major organ failure mechanisms in xenotransplantation. In addition to the porcine α1,3‐galactose (α1,3Gal) epitope, N‐Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid, has been identified as an important porcine antigen against which most humans have pre‐formed antibodies. Here we evaluate GalTKO.hCD46 lungs with an additional cytidine monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene knock‐out (Neu5GcKO) in a xenogeneicex vivoperfusion modelMethodsEleven GalTKO.hCD46.Neu5GcKO pig lungs were perfused for up to 6 h with fresh heparinized human blood. Six of them were treated with histamine (H) blocker famotidine and 1‐thromboxane synthase inhibitor Benzylimidazole (BIA) and five were left untreated. GalTKO.hCD46 lungs without Neu5GcKO (n = 18: eight untreated and 10 BIA+H treated) served as a reference. Functional parameters, blood, and tissue samples were collected at pre‐defined time points throughout the perfusionResultsAll but one Neu5GcKO organs maintained adequate blood oxygenation and “survived” until elective termination at 6 h whereas two reference lungs failed before elective termination at 4 h. Human anti‐Neu5Gc antibody serum levels decreased during the perfusion of GalTKO.hCD46 lungs by flow cytometry (∼40% IgM, 60% IgG), whereas antibody levels in Neu5GcKO lung perfusions did not fall (IgMp = .007; IgGp < .001). Thromboxane elaboration, thrombin generation, and histamine levels were significantly reduced with Neu5GcKO lungs compared to reference in the untreated groups (p = .007, .005, and .037, respectively); treatment with BIA+H masked these changes. Activation of platelets, measured as CD62P expression on circulating platelets, was lower in Neu5GcKO experiments compared to reference lungs (p = .023), whereas complement activation (as C3a rise in plasma) was not altered. MCP‐1 and lactotransferin level elevations were blunted in Neu5GcKO lung perfusions (p = .007 and .032, respectively). Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) rise was significantly attenuated and delayed in untreated GalTKO.hCD46.Neu5GcKO lungs in comparison to the untreated GalTKO.hCD46 lungs (p = .003)ConclusionAdditional Neu5GcKO in GalTKO.hCD46 lungs significantly reduces parameters associated with antibody‐mediated inflammation and activation of the coagulation cascade. Knock‐out of the Neu5Gc sialic acid should be beneficial to reduce innate immune antigenicity of porcine lungs in future human recipients.
Impact of cancer cachexia on respiratory muscle function and the therapeutic potential of exercise
Authors: Murphy Ben T. , Mackrill John J. , O'Halloran Ken D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer cachexia is defined as a multi‐factorial syndrome characterised by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment, estimated to affect 50–80% of patients and responsible for 20% of cancer deaths. Elevations in the morbidity and mortality rates of cachectic cancer patients has been linked to respiratory failure due to atrophy and dysfunction of the ventilatory muscles. Despite this, there is a distinct scarcity of research investigating the structural and functional condition of the respiratory musculature in cancer, with the majority of studies exclusively focusing on limb muscle. Treatment strategies are largely ineffective in mitigating the cachectic state. It is now widely accepted that an efficacious intervention will likely combine elements of pharmacology, nutrition and exercise. However, of these approaches, exercise has received comparatively little attention. Therefore, it is unlikely to be implemented optimally, whether in isolation or combination. In consideration of these limitations, the current review describes the mechanistic basis of cancer cachexia and subsequently explores the available respiratory‐ and exercise‐focused literature within this context. The molecular basis of cachexia is thoroughly reviewed. The pivotal role of inflammatory mediators is described. Unravelling the mechanisms of exercise‐induced support of muscle via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in addition to promoting efficient energy metabolism via increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function and muscle glucose uptake provide avenues for interventional studies. Currently available pre‐clinical mouse models including novel transgenic animals provide a platform for the development of multi‐modal therapeutic strategies to protect respiratory muscles in people with cancer.
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High-Order Large Eddy Simulations of a Wind Turbine in Ducted and Open-Rotor Configurations
Authors: Ding Chi , Zhang Bin , Liang Chunlei , Visser Kenneth , Yao Guangming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-order large eddy simulations are performed to study the performance and flow fields of a ducted wind turbine (DWT) operating at different tip speed ratios. To evaluate the effects of the duct, simulations with the same tip speed ratios are also performed on the corresponding open-rotor turbine. It is found that the ducted turbine consistently obtains higher power outputs than the open-rotor counterpart, and the duct itself enhances flow turbulence and blade trailing-edge vortices but weakens tip and hub vortices. Flow bifurcation is observed at the largest tip speed ratio and is identified to be caused by blade blockage effects. Comparative simulations are also performed on both turbines under different yaw angles. It is noticed that the ducted configuration is insensitive to small yaw angles and maintains higher power outputs than the open-rotor configuration at all yaw angles. Moreover, it is observed that the wakes of both configurations recover more quickly as the yaw angle increases.
The Causes and Control Measures of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sule Ismaila Olatunji , Mendelsohn Aaron , Panas Raymond M 
Published: October 2022

Background Due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), infections among residents are increasing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), resulting in a high rate of morbidity and healthcare costs. A designated infection control team is unavailable to control the disease. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to characterize the causes of ESBL-PE and evaluate the infection control strategies within LTCFs. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was included as supplementary statistical analysis to identify relationships between LTCFs, geographical locations, infection control measures (ICMs), and ESBL-PE. A systematic search was conducted for studies from January 2008 to December 2018. Twenty-two of the 3106 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The pooled prevalence for ESBL-PE among LTCFs residents was a mean difference (MD) of 15.78 (95% CI: 0.04, 31.53). Risk factors included the influence of regional areas was a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.61(95% CI: 0.32, 0.91) in Europe, SMD was 14.92 (95% CI: 9.17, 20.68) in Asia, and SMD was 0.51(95% CI: 0.35, 0.67) in other regions (North America and Australia). Nine of 22 studies reported ICMs were MD of 13.59 (95% CI: 5.32, 21.86). Conclusions Meta-analysis and MRA revealed a statistically significant association between LTCF and ESBL-PE among residents ( p = .05). Strict adherence to infection control measures in LTCFs is needed to address this ESBL-PE prevalence among residents. The potential positive social change is promoting knowledge about vulnerable residents in LTCFs and the community factors responsible for ESBL infection.
Transition in eye gaze as a predictor of emergence from general anesthesia in children and adults: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kinoshita Michiko , Sakai Yoko , Katome Kimiko , Matsumoto Tomomi , Sakurai Shizuka , Jinnouchi Yuka , Tanaka Katsuya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
It is useful to monitor eye movements during general anesthesia, but few studies have examined neurological finding of the eyes during emergence from general anesthesia maintained with short-acting opioids and volatile anesthetics.

Methods
Thirty children aged 1–6 years and 30 adults aged 20–79 years were enrolled. Patients received general anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. The timing of three physical-behavioral responses—eye-gaze transition (the cycle from conjugate to disconjugate and back to conjugate), resumption of somatic movement (limbs or body), and resumption of respiration—were recorded until spontaneous awakening. The primary outcome measure was the timing of the physical-behavioral responses. Secondary outcome measures were the incidence of eye-gaze transition, and the bispectral index, concentration of end-tidal sevoflurane, and heart rate at the timing of eye-gaze transition.

Results
Eye-gaze transition was evident in 29 children (96.7%; 95% confidence interval, 82.8–99.9). After the end of surgery, eye-gaze transition was observed significantly earlier than resumption of somatic movement or respiration (472 [standard deviation 219] s, 723 [235] s, and 754 [232] s, respectively; p < 0.001). In adults, 3 cases (10%; 95% CI, 0.2–26.5) showed eye-gaze transition during emergence from anesthesia. The incidence of eye-gaze transition was significantly lower in adults than in children (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In children, eye-gaze transition was observed significantly earlier than other physical-behavioral responses during emergence from general anesthesia and seemed to reflect emergence from anesthesia. In contrast, observation of eye gaze was not a useful indicator of emergence from anesthesia in adults.
Assessment of postpartum haemorrhage for placenta accreta: Is measurement of myometrium thickness and dark intraplacental bands using MRI helpful?
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Ming Ying , Xu Han , Xin Yinghui , Yang Lin , Liu Zhiling , Han Yuqing , Huang Zhaoqin , Liu Qingwei , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the predictive values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) myometrial thickness grading and dark intraplacental band (DIB) volumetry for blood loss in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Methods
Images and clinical data were acquired from patients who underwent placenta MRI examinations and were diagnosed with PAS from March 2015 to January 2021. Two radiologists jointly diagnosed, processed, and analysed the MR images of each patient. The analysis included MRI-based determination of placental attachment, as well as myometrial thickness grading and DIB volumetry. The patients included in the study were divided into three groups according to the estimated blood loss volume: in the general blood loss (GBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was < 1000 ml; in the massive blood loss (MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 1000 ml and < 2000 ml; and in the extremely massive blood loss (ex-MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 2000 ml. The categorical, normally distributed, and non-normally distributed data were respectively analysed by the Chi-square, single-factor analysis of variance, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, respectively. The verification of correlation was completed by Spearman correlation analysis. The evaluation capabilities of indicators were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Among 75 patients, 25 were included in the GBL group, 26 in the MBL group, and 24 in the ex-MBL group. A significant negative correlation was observed between the grade of myometrial thickness and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = − 0.604). There was a significant positive correlation between the volume of the DIB and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = 0.653). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two MRI features for predicting blood loss ≥ 2000 ml were 0.776 and 0.897, respectively.

Conclusions
The grading and volumetric MRI features, myometrial thickness, and volume of DIB, can be used as good prediction indicators of the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in patients with PAS.
Feed tossing behaviour of Holstein cows: evaluation of physiological stress state and rumen fermentation function
Authors: Sun Fuyu , Zhao Qingyao , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhao Guangyong , Gu Xianhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Abnormal or stereotyped behaviours in dairy cows are common in large-scale indoor farms and are usually accompanied by high physiological stress levels. Feed tossing is an abnormal behaviour commonly seen in cows while being fed, making farm management difficult. However, the reasons behind this behaviour have not been sufficiently reported. The objective of this study was to explore the changes in rumen fermentation, serum indicators, inflammatory conditions and the performance of cows with feed tossing behaviour. Holstein cows with similar lactation stages in the same barn were subjected to behaviour observations two times per day for 21 consecutive days. Ten cows with feed tossing behaviour (FT) and ten cows without abnormal behaviours (CON) were selected for further sampling. Plasma samples, rumen fluid, milk yield data of cows, and an indoor environment temperature-humidity index (THI) were collected.

Results
There was no significant difference in average daily milk yield during the observation period between feed-tossing cows (n = 68) and the other cows (n = 112). The number of cows showing FT behaviour had a moderately strong negative linear correlation with the THI of the environment. Compared to the CON cows, the FT cows had higher cortisol, norepinephrine and urea nitrogen levels in plasma, as well as higher plasma levels of inflammatory indicators, including total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase levels, and the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase. The FT cows had no significant variations from the CON cows regarding their rumen fermentation indicators, such as pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis revealed that there might be no clear association between the diversity and abundance of rumen bacteria and feed tossing behaviour.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that cows might have suffered from high levels of physiological stress and immune state for a long period when they exhibited FT behaviour. The environmental THI could affect the FT behaviour of cows; as the THI increases, the willingness of cows to throw decreases. This work provided the first evidence that feed tossing might be a response associated with high levels of physiological stress and immune. It also explored our insights into a commonly observed behavioural response to cow welfare traits.
A case of death of patient with ovarian fibroma combined with Meigs Syndrome and literature review
Authors: Tan Na , Jin Kai-yuan , Yang Xiao-rong , Li Cheng-fang , Yao Jin , Zheng Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOvarian fibroma is the most common benign pure stromal tumor. It has no specific clinical manifestation, most of which are pelvic or adnexal masses. 10-15% of cases with hydrothorax or ascites, after tumor resection, hydrothorax and ascites disappear, known as Meigs Syndrome. The elevated level of CA125 in a few patients was easily misdiagnosed as ovarian malignant tumor. A case of bilateral Ovarian fibroma associated with Meigs Syndrome is reported and the literature is reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the changes and avoid misdiagnosis.
Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies in people experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Santarém Vamilton Alvares , do Couto Anahi Chechia , Lescano Susana Zevallos , Roldán William Henry , Delai Ruana Renostro , Giuffrida Rogério , Kmetiuk Louise Bach , Biondo Alexander Welker , Dangoudoubiyam Sriveny , dos Santos Andrea Pires 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite being one of the most prevalent helminth parasitic zoonoses worldwide and particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable populations, toxocariasis remains to be fully investigated in persons experiencing homelessness. Accordingly, the present study has aimed to assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxocaraspp. exposure in persons experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from a day-shelter in São Paulo city, Brazil.MethodsAnti-ToxocaraIgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess the risks for toxocariasis.ResultsOverall, anti-ToxocaraIgG antibodies were detected in 89/194 (45.9%, 95% CI: 39.0–52.9%) persons experiencing homelessness, twice as high (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.245–3.873;P = 0.0089) than the frequency of 22/79 (27.8%, 95% CI: 19.2–38.6) in shelter workers. College education was the only protective factor forToxocaraspp.exposure (OR: 0.23;P = 0.018) revealed by logistic regression.ConclusionsAlthough indicating a multifactorial origin of toxocariasis, the present study has assessed a highly vulnerable population with high disease risks and premature death. Thus, the living conditions of the homeless population have influenced the high prevalence of anti-Toxocaraantibodies verified here compared with domiciled shelter workers. Despite being less exposed, shelter and other outdoor workers may present an occupational risk to toxocariasis. Future studies should establish whether such environmental exposure might occur in persons experiencing homelessness in other regions worldwide.Graphical Abstract
Progressive flexor tendon sheath infection on hand after needle puncture during surgery: a case report
Authors: Sutardi Gregorius Batara Putra Setia , Chaidir De Is M. Rizal , Ismiarto Yoyos Dias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Flexor tendon sheath infection may be due to trauma, laceration, or bites, commonly directly inoculating the sheath. Kanavel cardinal signs in flexor tendon sheath infection cases consist of symmetrical swelling of the entire digit, a digit with semi-flexed posture, exquisite tenderness along the course of the tendon sheath, and pain with attempted passive extension of the digit. Elevated levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are often found in such cases. Flexor tendon sheath infections require immediate diagnosis and treatment to prevent poor clinical outcomes. This paper reports one case of severe flexor tendon sheath infection with poor outcomes that required ray amputation of the affected finger.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old Sundanese male presented to the emergency department with right middle finger pain accompanied with swelling, blister, and blackened color 24 hours after accidental puncture by suture needle during gynecologic surgery. The patient was a resident physician of the obstetrics/gynecology department. The finger was necrotic with blisters at the proximal phalanx of the palmar aspect. Both the palmar and the dorsal aspects of the hand were swollen and inflamed, with firmer swelling on the dorsal part. The necrotic area had extended to the middle phalanx. The patient has been diagnosed with flexor tendon sheath infection with compartment syndrome. Immediate surgical debridement and fasciotomy with shoelace technique at the distal interphalangeal joint were performed. On the initial presentation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein were elevated. Smear culture was negative. A clear boundary of necrosis at the level of the middle phalanx of the right middle finger was found; subsequently, disarticulation at the level of the distal phalanx was performed. A ray amputation was performed to preserve the hand’s function for performing surgeries in the future.

Conclusion
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of flexor tendon sheath infection are required to prevent complications. Progressive inflammation around infected soft tissue due to untreated tenosynovitis may lead to poor outcomes and may lead to the amputation of the affected finger. This condition may occur even in medical professionals; as such, awareness for proper protection during any medical procedure and prompt treatment-seeking are encouraged.
A wearable low profile asymmetrical slotted ultra-wide band antenna for WBAN applications
Authors: Jayakumar S. , Mohanbabu G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article a low profile asymmetrical slotted Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna is proposed for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) applications. The antenna was fabricated using Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). An improved radiation pattern was obtained with an optimized patch shape of the antenna that broadens the bandwidth and lowers the antenna’s profile. The proposed antenna is simulated in HFSS and CST Simulator, and the proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate with the reduced ground plane. In frequency ranges from 2.50 to 10.97 GHz simulation as well as measured results show that the reflection coefficient (S11) of the antenna is below − 10 dB and increased impedance bandwidth of 126%. The proposed antenna has desired radiation pattern and gain for wearable application. The wearable performance of proposed antenna on chest, leg, and the arms of the human body is analyzed with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The maximum value of the SAR is 0.785 W/Kg which is less than threshold value of 1.6 W/kg. The time-domain behavior of proposed antenna is investigated with the time domain parameters such as Group delay, Fidelity factor and Mean realized gain. The time domain results are evident for the proposed antenna is capable of pulse signal transmission and reception.