bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACUTE EXUDATIVE MACULOPATHY AND BACILLARY LAYER DETACHMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Authors: Fernández-Vigo José Ignacio , Moreno-Morillo Francisco Javier , Valverde-Megías Alicia , Burgos-Blasco Bárbara , López-Guajardo Lorenzo , Donate-López Juan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To describe the incidence and characteristics of photodynamic therapy–induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM) and bacillary layer detachment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational case series including 92 eyes of 75 patients who underwent photodynamic therapy. Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed before, 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after half-fluence photodynamic therapy. Two groups were established depending on the presence or absence (N = 28 and N = 64, respectively) of PAEM. Choriocapillaris flow voids increase, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and the presence of choroidal neovascularization were collected.

Results:
The incidence of PAEM was 28/92 (30.4%). There was no difference in the age, sex, baseline subretinal fluid, subfoveal choroidal thickness, or the presence of choroidal neovascularization between groups (P ≥ 0.094). No differences emerged in the subretinal fluid at 1 and 3 months after photodynamic therapy between groups (P ≥ 0.524), nor in the mean best-corrected visual acuity gain at 3 months (4.1 ± 7.6 vs. 3.6 ± 6.4 letters; P = 0.773). A bacillary layer detachment was observed in 13 patients with PAEM (46.4%).

Conclusion:
Photodynamic therapy–induced acute exudative maculopathy is frequent in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy but has a favorable prognosis. There was no association between PAEM and age, sex, subfoveal choroidal thickness, or choroidal neovascularization; however, it was related to choriocapillaris flow voids increase.
Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of Antipsychotics for Juvenile Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Yee Caitlin S. , Bahji Anees , Lolich Maria , Vázquez Gustavo H. , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Psychotic disorders produce important morbidity and disability in children and adolescents. There have been few relevant treatment trials, encouraging assessment of research aimed at testing efficacy and safety of antipsychotics for juveniles. We aimed to compare the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of antipsychotics to treat psychotic disorders among children and adolescents.

Methods
Four major bibliographic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) were searched for clinical trials of antipsychotics in children or adolescents, from database inception to May 2021. We searched for clinical trials comparing antipsychotics with control conditions for juvenile psychosis based on blinded review by 2 independent investigators (C.S.Y. and M.L.). We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and applied the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to appraise study quality. One reviewer (A.B.) performed data abstraction which was confirmed by 2 independent, blinded reviewers (C.S.Y. and M.L.). Primary outcomes were scores rating psychosis symptoms and dichotomized retention in treatment protocols versus dropouts because of adverse events. Effect sizes were pooled using frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis modeling to generate summary rate ratios (RRs) and Cohen d standardized mean differences.

Results
Systematic searching generated 1330 unique records. Of these, short-term (n = 15, for 6 [3–12] weeks) and long-term (n = 10, for 12 [6–60] months) treatment trials involved 2208 (39.2% females; median age, 15.3 years), and 1366 subjects (35.0% females; median age, 15.6 years), respectively. Short-term reduction of psychosis scores ranked clozapine (d = −1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.97 to −0.73]), molindone (−1.22; 95% CI, −1.68 to −0.75), olanzapine (−1.12; 95% CI, −1.44 to –0.81), and risperidone (−0.93; 95% CI, −1.22 to −0.63) as the most effective agents. In longer-term treatment, only lurasidone was effective. Clozapine (RR, 12.8) and haloperidol (RR, 5.15) led to more all-cause and adverse event-related dropouts. There were few trials/drug (1 each for aripiprazole, asenapine, lurasidone, molindone, paliperidone, and ziprasidone, short term; aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, lurasidone, and molindone, long-term). Heterogeneity and inconsistency were high, especially in long-term trials, without evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions
Some antipsychotics were effective and tolerated short term, but longer-term evidence was very limited. The overall paucity of trials and of adequate controls indicates that more well-designed randomized controlled trials are required for adequate assessment of antipsychotic drug treatment for juveniles.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021232937.
A Retrospective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cranial Remolding Orthoses for the Treatment of Deformational Brachycephaly
Authors: Weigand Kellen , Millay Kelly , Wang Jijia , Graham Tiffany 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This retrospective chart review aims to analyze the effects of initial severity and age on cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) treatment of deformational brachycephaly. It is predicted that younger cases will show greater rates of correction and more severe cases will require longer treatment times. With the data collected, statistical analysis will aid in the development of a measurement scale for categorizing severity for brachycephaly.

Methods
Subjects were diagnosed with brachycephaly and started CRO treatment between 3 and 18 months of age. Subjects had a cranial vault asymmetry index lower than 3.5 and cranial index of 90% or higher. Subjects were excluded if they had comorbidities affecting growth, failed to complete treatment, or were noncompliant. In total, 2977 charts were retrospectively reviewed, and 253 subjects were included.

Results
Statistical analyses showed that age at treatment initiation is significantly correlated with final cranial index and treatment duration, and initiation at a younger age allows for more correction and shorter treatment durations. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a statistically significant, inverse relationship between initial severity and the likelihood of achieving correction (milder head shapes are more likely to achieve correction).

Conclusion
Together, these findings suggest that CRO treatment should be initiated as early as possible and the head shape deformation should not be allowed to progress without intervention.

Clinical Relevance
Clinical decisions and caregiver expectations during orthotic treatment should be guided by historical treatment outcomes. This study examines the influence of initial age and cephalic index severity on CRO treatment outcomes for deformational brachycephaly.
Intracochlear New Fibro-Ossification and Neuronal Degeneration Following Cochlear Implant Electrode Translocation: Long-Term Histopathological Findings in Humans
Authors: Knoll Renata M. , Trakimas Danielle R. , Wu Matthew J. , Lubner Rory J. , Nadol Joseph B. , Ishiyama Akira , Santos Felipe , Jung David H. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
We aim to assess the histopathology of human temporal bones (TBs) with evidence of cochlear implantation (CI) electrode scalar translocation.

Study Design:
Otopathology study.

Setting:
Otopathology laboratory.

Patients:
TBs from patients who had a history of CI and histopathological evidence of interscalar translocation. Specimens with electrode placed entirely within the ST served as controls.

Intervention:
Histopathological assessment of human TBs.

Main Outcome Measures:
TBs from each patient were harvested postmortem and histologically analyzed for intracochlear changes in the context of CI electrode translocation and compared to controls. Intracochlear new fibro-ossification, and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) counts were assessed. Postoperative word recognition scores (WRS) were also compared.

Results:
Nineteen human TBs with electrode translocation and eight controls were identified. The most common site of translocation was the ascending limb of the basal turn (n = 14 TBs). The average angle of insertion at the point of translocation was 159° ± 79°. Eighteen translocated cases presented moderate fibroosseous changes in the basal region of the cochlea, extending to the translocation point and/or throughout the electrode track in 42%. Lower SGN counts were more pronounced in translocated cases compared to controls, with a significant difference for segment II (p = 0.019). Although final postoperative hearing outcomes were similar between groups, translocated cases had slower rate of improvement in WRS (p = 0.021).

Conclusions:
Cochlear implant electrode translocation was associated with greater fibroosseous formation and lower SGN population. Our findings suggest that scalar translocations may slow the rate of improvement in WRS overtime as compared to atraumatic electrode insertions.

Level of evidence: IV.
Construction and validation of sham insoles used in clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Morrow Eileen Mairi , Theologis Tim , Kothari Alpesh 
Published: January 2022

Background:Insoles are commonly prescribed to treat pathologies in a variety of patient groups; however, there is limited evidence to guide clinical decision-making. A well-validated sham insole is critical to conducting a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Objectives:The aims were to establish: (1) How are sham insoles constructed? (2) What measures are undertaken to ensure adequate blinding? (3) What methods are used to validate the biomechanical effects?Study Design:A systematic search of the methodology of level I–II therapeutic evidence.Methods:Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Inclusion criteria were placebo-controlled clinical trials, sham insoles used, treatment insoles alter biomechanics, treatment insoles meet the ISO definition of foot orthotics, sham and treatment insoles tested in normal walking, and article available in English.Results:The search generated 270 results. Twenty-four trials were included. 19% of sham insoles were described sufficiently to be replicated. The most common sham construction characteristics were full length, ethylene-vinyl acetate material, and flat insoles. 58% of studies were double-blinded; however, many did not describe any blinding methods. There is evidence that blinding the intervention details and a similar insole appearance is effective to blind participants. 13% of studies included a shoe-only condition to allow assessment of the biomechanical effects of sham insoles.Conclusions:There is inconsistent construction, blinding, and biomechanical validation of sham insoles. This casts a substantial doubt on the quality and reliability of the evidence base to support the prescription of insoles.
Basic and Advanced Metal-Artifact Reduction Techniques at Ultra-High Field 7-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Phantom Study Investigating Feasibility and Efficacy
Authors: Germann Christoph , Falkowski Anna L. , von Deuster Constantin , Nanz Daniel , Sutter Reto 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of basic (increased receive bandwidth) and advanced (view-angle tilting [VAT] and slice-encoding for metal artifact correction [SEMAC]) techniques for metal-artifact reduction in ultra-high field 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods
In this experimental study, we performed 7-T MRI of titanium alloy phantom models composed of a spinal pedicle screw (phantom 1) and an intervertebral cage (phantom 2) centered in a rectangular LEGO frame, embedded in deionized-water-gadolinium (0.1 mmol/L) solution. The following turbo spin-echo sequences were acquired: (1) nonoptimized standard sequence; (2) optimized, that is, increased receive bandwidth sequence (oBW); (3) VAT; (4) combination of oBW and VAT (oBW-VAT); and (5) SEMAC. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists independently evaluated images regarding peri-implant signal void and geometric distortion (a, angle measurement and b, presence of circular shape loss). Statistics included Friedman test and Cochran Q test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. P values <0.05 were considered to represent statistical significance.

Results
All metal-artifact reduction techniques reduced peri-implant signal voids and diminished geometric distortions, with oBW-VAT and SEMAC being most efficient. Compared with nonoptimized sequences, oBW-VAT and SEMAC produced significantly smaller peri-implant signal voids (all P ≤ 0.008) and significantly smaller distortion angles (P ≤ 0.001). Only SEMAC could significantly reduce distortions of circular shapes in the peri-implant frame (P ≤ 0.006). Notably, increasing the number of slice-encoding steps in SEMAC sequences did not lead to a significantly better metal-artifact reduction (all P ≥ 0.257).

Conclusions
The use of basic and advanced methods for metal-artifact reduction at 7-T MRI is feasible and effective. Both a combination of increased receive bandwidth and VAT as well as SEMAC significantly reduce the peri-implant signal void and geometric distortion around metal implants.
Differentiation of Reactive Lymph Nodes and Tumor Metastatic Lymph Nodes With 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in a Patient With Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shang Qihang , Zhao Long , Pang Yizhen , Meng Tinghua , Chen Haojun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
False-positive findings of mediastinal lymph node often confound the image interpretation of the preoperative PET/CT in non–small cell lung cancer. In this case, we reported 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in a patient with squamous cell lung cancer. 18F-FDG–based TNM stage was stage IIIA (T1bN2M0) due to increased uptake in the enlarged right lower paratracheal lymph node. However, no abnormal 68Ga-FAPI uptake was observed in this lymph node. Subsequent histopathological examination revealed no evidence of malignancy in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Therefore, the tumor stage was downstaged to stage IA (T1bN0M0), which was in accordance with 68Ga-FAPI–based TNM stage.
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Diffuse Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yu Zhongfei , Li Zhi , Dong Aisheng , Zhu Yuzhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Esophageal cancer usually shows focal intense FDG uptake on FDG PET. Diffuse FDG uptake pattern of the esophageal cancer has been rarely reported. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma showing diffusely intense FDG uptake mimicking esophagitis.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Woman With Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma in the Sacrum
Authors: Xu Haiqing , Song Liejing , Duan Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor with borderline malignancy and is typically diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. It most commonly affects cutaneous tissues, whereas the subtype with only primary bone involvement is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma involving the sacrum in a 37-year-old woman, with intense 18F-FDG accumulation in the lytic lesion on PET/CT. This case indicates that Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with the primary bone involvement should be taken into consideration as a rare differential diagnosis for lytic lesions with increased 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT.
Malignant External Otitis in a Patient With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Noroozbeigi Nasim , Dabbagh Vahid Reza , Pakdin Parizi Zahra , Soltani Samira , Sadeghi Ramin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We reported a 66-year-old woman with malignant external otitis who was referred to our department for evaluation of disease extension. Both 99mTc-MDP bone SPECT/CT and 68Ga-citrate PET/CT were done for the patient. Both studies showed concordant areas of increased uptake in the petrous bone. In addition, 68Ga-citrate PET/CT showed soft tissue infection in the nasopharyngeal wall. Our case showed the potential of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT for evaluation of malignant external otitis.
Rare Presentation of Inflammatory Lung Disease and Subcutaneous Nodules on FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Doroudinia Abtin , Karam Mehrdad Bakhshayesh , Yousefi Farhad , Ghadimi Niloufar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present a 37-year-old man with cough and progressive dyspnea for the past 3 years. According to inconclusive chest CT scan and lung biopsy histopathology findings, the patient referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for further evaluation. Classic pulmonary manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis were seen on CT images with intense FDG uptake on PET scan. Moreover, PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic subcutaneous foci throughout his body. Finally, the patient was treated with corticosteroids. Follow-up chest CT images demonstrated improvement of lung lesions in accordance with improvement in the patient's symptoms. We are briefly discussing differential diagnoses in this patient.
Sunitinib-Induced Myositis Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Suthar Ritesh R. , Purandare Nilendu , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Puranik Ameya , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sunitinib is one of the most commonly used multikinase inhibitors for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Myositis is one of the rarest known adverse effects of sunitinib. Presenting herewith one such case with its relevant imaging findings on FDG PET/CT and ultrasound.
Ovarian Stiffness Is Significantly Increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related With Anti-Mullerian Hormone
Authors: Sumbul Hilmi Erdem , Avci Begum Seyda , Bankir Mehmet , Pekoz Burcak Cakir , Gulumsek Erdinc , Koc Ayse Selcan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Parenchymal stiffness obtained by point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) in solid organs is used as a sign of damage in these organs. However, its clinical use and whether patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased ovarian tissue stiffness are still unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the parameters related to ovarian stiffness and whether there is an increase in ovarian stiffness in patients with PCOS compared with healthy controls.

Methods
Forty-five women who were followed up regularly with the diagnosis of PCOS and 30 healthy controls similar to age and sex were included in this study. In addition to the routine follow-up parameters for PCOS, serum homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were examined in all patients, and pSWE examination was performed with pelvic ultrasound (US) and ElastPQ technique.

Results
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AMH were higher in PCOS compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Right, left, and mean ovary stiffness and volumes were significantly higher in PCOS group than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis was performed between mean ovary stiffness and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, homeostatic model assessment, and AMH and ovary volumes (P < 0.01 for each one). In linear regression analysis, only AMH was found to be related to mean ovary stiffness (P < 0.001 and β = 0.734).

Conclusions
Ovarian stiffness value obtained by ElastPQ technique and pSWE method increases in PCOS patients compared with healthy controls and is closely related to serum AMH levels. In patients with PCOS, in addition to the conventional US, ovarian stiffness measured by pSWE may be an auxiliary examination in the follow-up of the disease. However, it was concluded that the ovarian stiffness measurement obtained in our current study should be supported by studies involving more patients and the transvaginal US method.
A UHM – ULM interface contributes to U2AF2 and SF3B1 association for pre-mRNA splicing
Authors: Galardi Justin , Bela Victoria N. , Jeffery Nazish , He Xueyang , Glasser Eliezra , Loerch Sarah , Jenkins Jermaine L. , Pulvino Mary J. , Boutz Paul L. , Kielkopf Clara L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the early stages of spliceosome assembly, the 3’ splice site is recognized by sequential complexes of U2AF2 with SF1 followed by the SF3B1 subunit of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. The U2AF2 – SF1 interface comprises a U2AF homology motif (UHM) of U2AF2 and a well-characterized U2AF ligand motif (ULM)/coiled coil region of SF1. However, the structure of the U2AF2 – SF3B1 interface and its importance for pre-mRNA splicing is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we determined the crystal structure of the U2AF2 UHM bound to a SF3B1 ULM site at 1.8 Å resolution. The trajectory of the SF3B1 ULM across the U2AF2 UHM surface differed from prior UHM/ULM structures. This distinctive structure is expected to modulate the orientations of the fulllength proteins. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we established similar binding affinities of a minimal U2AF2 UHM – SF3B1 ULM complex and a nearly full-length U2AF2 protein binding the N-terminal SF3B1 region, with or without an auxiliary SF3B6 subunit. We showed that key residues at the U2AF2 UHM – SF3B1 ULM interface are required for high affinity association and co-immunoprecipitation of the splicing factors. Moreover, disrupting the U2AF2 – SF3B1 interface altered splicing of representative human transcripts. Further analysis of these transcripts and genome-wide data sets indicated that the subset of splice sites co-regulated by U2AF2 and SF3B1 are largely distinct from those co-regulated by U2AF2 and SF1. Altogether, these findings support distinct structural and functional roles for the sequential SF1 and SF3B1 complexes with U2AF2 during the pre-mRNA splicing process.