bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a new nonoxide additive, Y3Si2C2, on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics
Authors: Huang Minzhong , Huang Yao , Ou Jun , Wu Yangyang , Wang Junye , Wu Shanghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnhancement of the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride is usually achieved by sacrificing its mechanical properties (bending strength). In this study, β‐Si3N4 ceramics were prepared using self‐synthesized Y3Si2C2 and MgO as sintering additives. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the Si3N4 ceramics was remarkably improved without sacrificing their mechanical properties. The microstructure and properties of the Si3N4 ceramics were analyzed and compared with those of the Y2O3‐MgO additives. The addition of Y3Si2C2 eliminated the inherent SiO2 and introduced nitrogen to increase the N/O ratio of the grain‐boundary phase, inducing Si3N4 grain growth, increasing Si3N4 grain contiguity, and reducing lattice oxygen content in Si3N4. Therefore, by replacing Y2O3 with Y3Si2C2, the thermal conductivity of the Si3N4 ceramics was significantly increased by 31.5% from 85 to 111.8Wm−1K−1, but the bending strength only slightly decreased from 704 ± 63MPa to 669 ± 33MPa.
Treatment with IgM‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulins enhances clearance of stroke‐associated bacterial lung infection
Authors: McCulloch Laura , Harris Alison J. , Malbon Alexandra , Daniels Michael J. D. , Younas Mehwish , Grainger John R. , Allan Stuart M. , Smith Craig J. , McColl Barry W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPost‐stroke infection is a common complication of stroke that is associated with poor outcome. We previously reported that stroke induces an ablation of multiple sub‐populations of B cells and reduces levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, which coincides with the development of spontaneous bacterial pneumonia. The loss of IgM after stroke could be an important determinant of infection susceptibility and highlights this pathway as a target for intervention. We treated mice with a replacement dose of IgM‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (IgM‐IVIg) prior to and 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and allowed them to recover for 2‐ or 5‐day post‐surgery. Treatment with IgM‐IVIg enhanced bacterial clearance from the lung after MCAO and improved lung pathology but did not impact brain infarct volume. IgM‐IVIg treatment induced immunomodulatory effects systemically, including rescue of splenic plasma B cell numbers and endogenous mouse IgM and IgA circulating immunoglobulin concentrations that were reduced by MCAO. Treatment attenuated MCAO‐induced elevation of selected pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the lung. IgM‐IVIg treatment did not increase the number of lung mononuclear phagocytes or directly modulate macrophage phagocytic capacity but enhanced phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus bioparticles in vitro. Low‐dose IgM‐IVIg contributes to increased clearance of spontaneous lung bacteria after MCAO likely via increasing availability of antibody in the lung to enhance opsonophagocytic activity. Immunomodulatory effects of IgM‐IVIg treatment may also contribute to reduced levels of damage in the lung after MCAO. IgM‐IVIg shows promise as an antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent to use in the treatment of post‐stroke infection.
COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization due to SARS‐CoV‐2: A test‐negative design study based on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance in Spain
Authors: Mazagatos Clara , Delgado‐Sanz Concepción , Monge Susana , Pozo Francisco , Oliva Jesús , Sandonis Virginia , Gandarillas Ana , Quiñones‐Rubio Carmen , Ruiz‐Sopeña Cristina , Gallardo‐García Virtudes , Basile Luca , Barranco‐Boada María Isabel , Hidalgo‐Pardo Olga , Vazquez‐Cancela Olalla , García‐Vázquez Miriam , Fernández‐Sierra Amelia , Milagro‐Beamonte Ana , Ordobás María , Martínez‐Ochoa Eva , Fernández‐Arribas Socorro , Lorusso Nicola , Martínez Ana , García‐Fulgueiras Ana , Sastre‐Palou Bartolomé , Losada‐Castillo Isabel , Martínez‐Cuenca Silvia , Rodríguez‐del Águila Mar , Latorre Miriam , Larrauri Amparo ,   The SARI surveillance VE group in Spain
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza surveillance systems in Spain were transformed into a new syndromic sentinel surveillance system. The Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System (SiVIRA in Spanish) is based on a sentinel network for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance in primary care and a network of sentinel hospitals for severe ARI (SARI) surveillance in hospitals.MethodsUsing a test‐negative design and data from SARI admissions notified to SiVIRA between January 1 and October 3, 2021, we estimated COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization, by age group, vaccine type, time since vaccination, and SARS‐CoV‐2 variant.ResultsVE was 89% (95% CI: 83–93) against COVID‐19 hospitalization overall in persons aged 20 years and older. VE was higher for mRNA vaccines, and lower for those aged 80 years and older, with a decrease in protection beyond 3 months of completing vaccination, and a further decrease after 5 months. We found no differences between periods with circulation of Alpha or Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, although variant‐specific VE was slightly higher against Alpha.ConclusionsThe SiVIRA sentinel hospital surveillance network in Spain was able to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARI hospitalizations and provide estimates of COVID‐19 VE in the population under surveillance. Our estimates add to evidence of high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against severe COVID‐19 and waning of protection with time since vaccination in those aged 80 or older. No substantial differences were observed between SARS‐CoV‐2 variants (Alpha vs. Delta).
Features and clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structure in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Y.H. , Wu F. , Yan G.R. , Zeng Q.Y. , Jia N. , Zheng Z. , Fang S. , Liu Y.Q. , Zhang G.L. , Wang X.L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) plays an important role in antitumour immunity, largely reflecting the prognosis. However, its clinical implication in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains unknown.ObjectivesTo explore the features of TLS in cSCC and its association with clinicopathological characteristics.MethodsTwo independent RNA‐seq data of cSCC were used to investigate the tumour immune microenvironment, as well as TLS‐related chemokines and cytokines. The density and location of TLSs were assessed in a total of 82 cSCC patients, and the clinicopathologic association was examined.ResultsBioinformatics analysis showed that a large amount of immune cell infiltration and significant up‐regulation of TLS‐related chemokines were observed in cSCC. Histologically, TLSs appeared as highly organized structures in 72 (87.8%) cases with different levels of density and maturation, among which 14 cases were in low‐density group and 58 cases were in high‐density group. Clinically, the presence of TLS was prominently associated with better degree of histopathological grades and higher level of sun exposure. Furthermore, the presence of intratumoral TLS was associated with lower lymphovascular invasion.ConclusionsTLS is highly organized in cSCC, and the presence of TLS is a positive prognostic factor for cSCC, which will provide a theoretical basis for the future diagnostic and therapeutic value in cSCC.
The long‐term evolution of melanocytic nevi among high‐risk adults
Authors: Reiter O. , Kurtansky N.R. , Musthaq S.T. , Dusza S. , Halpern A.C. , Marchetti M.A. , Marghoob A.A. , Scope A. , Rotemberg V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is little understanding regarding the long‐term natural history of melanocytic nevi among adults.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to describe the long‐term natural history of individual nevi located on the torso of high‐risk patients.MethodsAll patients attending Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who underwent two total body photography (TBP) sessions 15+ years apart were included (‘retrospective’ group). To account for a potential selection bias, we also included consecutive patients who had TBP 15+ years ago and consented to undergo follow‐up TBP (‘prospective’ group). We compared baseline and follow‐up torso images on the TBPs and evaluated the number of total, new and disappearing nevi; number of seborrheic keratoses and actinic keratoses; each nevus' diameter at both time points; each nevus' colour change; the presence of clinical atypia; and when dermoscopy was available, the dermoscopic features at each time point.ResultsOne hundred six patients were included in the study. Although the average age of the patients was 40 at baseline TBP, most patients developed new nevi between imaging sessions (median 16.4 years) with an average of 2.6 (SD = 4.8) nevi per participant. The average number of disappearing nevi was 0.3 (SD = 0.6). In addition, 62/106 (58%) patients had an absolute increase, and 9/106 (8%) patients had an absolute decrease in their total nevus count. Roughly half (49%: 1416/2890) of the nevi that could be evaluated at both time points increased in diameter by at least 25%. Only 6% (159/2890) of nevi shrunk in diameter by at least 25%. Patients with a history of melanoma had a higher rate of disappearing nevi, and their nevi were more likely to grow. Most nevi demonstrated no significant dermoscopic changes.ConclusionsHigh‐risk patients acquire new nevi throughout life with very few nevi disappearing over time. Contrary to prior reports, most nevi in adults increase in diameter, while few nevi shrink.
Pathology and virulence of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella anguillarum in channel (Ictalurus punctatus), blue (Ictalurus furcatus), and channel × blue hybrid catfish
Authors: Armwood Abigail R. , Griffin Matt J. , Richardson Bradley M. , Wise David J. , Ware Cynthia , Camus Alvin C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the mid‐2010s, Edwardsiella tarda was reaffiliated into three discrete taxa (E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, and E. tarda), obscuring previous descriptions of E. tarda‐induced pathology in fish. To clarify ambiguity regarding the pathology of E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. anguillarum infections in US farm‐raised catfish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (I. furcatus), and channel × blue catfish hybrids were challenged with comparable doses of each bacterium. The most severe pathology and mortality occurred in fish challenged with E. piscicida, supporting previous reports of increased pathogenicity in commercially important ictalurids, while E. anguillarum and E. tarda warrant only minimal concern. Acute pathologic lesions among bacterial species were predominantly necrotizing and characteristic of gram‐negative sepsis but became progressively granulomatous over time. After 100 days, survivors were exposed to the approximate median lethal doses of E. piscicida and E. ictaluri, revealing some cross‐protective effects among E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, and E. ictaluri. In contrast, no fish that survived E. tarda challenge demonstrated any protection against E. piscicida or E. ictaluri. This work supports reports of increased susceptibility of channel, blue, and hybrid catfish to E. piscicida, while highlighting potential cross‐protective affects among fish associated Edwardsiella spp.
Theorizing arranged marriage: The case of South Asian Muslim immigrants in love marriage societies
Authors: Wurm Greg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I draw upon the empirical literatures on arranged marriages among South Asian Muslim immigrants in the U.S. and U.K. in order to (a) provide a multidimensional model of the marital formation process that challenges the binary between arranged and love marriage and to (b) propose how trust operates as a general mechanism to explain both micro‐level personal, interpersonal, and institutional motivations and negotiations around different marriage models as well as macro‐level shifts in marital practices over time.
The price of positionality: assessing the benefits and burdens of self‐identification in research methods
Authors: MASSOUD MARK FATHI 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhat is the impact on and influence of the researcher in socio‐legal studies? Drawing in part on my empirical research and professional experience, this article investigates the benefits and burdens of positionality. Positionality is the disclosure of how an author's racial, gender, class, or other self‐identifications, experiences, and privileges influence research methods. A statement of positionality in a research article can enhance the validity of its empirical data as well as its theoretical contribution. However, such self‐disclosure puts scholars in a vulnerable position, and those most likely to reveal how their positionality shapes their research are women, ethnic minorities, or both. At this stage of the field's methodological development, the burdens of positionality are being carried unevenly by a tiny minority of researchers. I conclude by inviting socio‐legal scholars to redress this imbalance by embracing expressions of positionality.
Host Country Politics and Internationalization: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro , Duran Patricio , Arregle Jean‐Luc , van Essen Marc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study how host country politics influence internationalization. Our meta‐analysis clarifies which ideas receive support across the empirical literature and reveals new theoretical insights in three areas: the conceptualization of host country politics, the impact of host country politics on internationalization steps, and the moderating influence of home‐country conditions on the previous relation. First, regarding the concept of host country politics, we propose analysing host country politics rather than political risk, and separating political decision‐making, i.e., regulation creation, from political administration, i.e., regulation implementation. Second, on the effect of host country politics on internationalization steps, we suggest a dynamic management across the internationalization process, with managers shifting from avoiding harm through country selection to pre‐empting harm through entry mode selection, to adapting to harm to ensure survival. Third, studying how home‐country conditions modify the impact of host country politics on internationalization, we propose that multinationals build political and uncertainty management capabilities from their exposure to home country conditions that help them manage host country politics better.
How COVID‐19 lockdown has impacted the sanitary pads distribution among adolescent girls and women in India
Authors: Babbar Karan , Rustagi Niharika , Dev Pritha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper empirically explores the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic and its accompanying lockdown on adolescent girls’ and women's access to sanitary pads in India. We have used the National Health Mission's Health Management Information System (NHM‐HMIS) data for the study, which provides data on pads' distribution on a district level. The empirical strategy used in the study exploits the variation of districts into red, orange, and green zones as announced by the Indian Government. To understand how lockdown severity impacts access to sanitary pads, we used a difference‐in‐difference (DID) empirical strategy to study sanitary pads' access in red and orange zones compared to green zones. We find clear evidence of the impact of lockdown intensity on the provision of sanitary pads, with districts with the strictest lockdown restrictions suffering the most. Our study highlights how sanitary pads distribution was overlooked during the pandemic, leaving girls and women vulnerable to managing their menstrual needs. Thus, there is a requirement for strong policy to focus on the need to keep sanitary pads as part of the essential goods to ensure the needs of the girls and women are met even in the midst of a pandemic, central to an inclusive response.
Herbivores in Arctic ecosystems: Effects of climate change and implications for carbon and nutrient cycling
Authors: Koltz Amanda M. , Gough Laura , McLaren Jennie R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArctic terrestrial herbivores influence tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumption of resources, waste production, and habitat‐modifying behaviors. The strength of these effects is likely to change spatially and temporally as climate change drives shifts in herbivore abundance, distribution, and activity timing. Here, we review how herbivores influence tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumptive and nonconsumptive effects. We also present evidence for herbivore responses to climate change and discuss how these responses may alter the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivore impacts. Several current knowledge gaps limit our understanding of the changing functional roles of herbivores; these include limited characterization of the spatial and temporal variability in herbivore impacts and of how herbivore activities influence the cycling of elements beyond carbon. We conclude by highlighting approaches that will promote better understanding of herbivore effects on tundra ecosystems, including their integration into existing biogeochemical models, new applications of remote sensing techniques, and the continued use of distributed experiments.
A nematode effector inhibits plant immunity by preventing cytosolic free Ca2+ rise
Authors: Guo Bin , Lin Borong , Huang Qiuling , Li Zhiwen , Zhuo Kan , Liao Jinling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Meloidogyne enterolobii effector MeTCTP is a member of the translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) family, involved in M. enterolobii parasitism. In this study, we found that MeTCTP forms homodimers and, in this form, binds calcium ions (Ca2+). At the same time, Ca2+ could induce homodimerization of MeTCTP. We further identified that MeTCTP inhibits the increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in plant cells and suppresses plant immune responses. This includes suppression of reactive oxygen species burst and cell necrosis, further promoting M. enterolobii parasitism. Our results have elucidated that the effector MeTCTP can directly target Ca2+ by its homodimeric form and prevent [Ca2+]cyt rise in plant roots, revealing a novel mechanism utilized by plant pathogens to suppress plant immunity.
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis in a full‐term neonate
Authors: Salusti‐Simpson Michela , Marghoob Nadeem , Greene Laura , Morley Keith 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a case of a full‐term neonate born with respiratory distress and a widespread erythematous rash, who was found to have congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC). The significance of this report is to contribute to the pre‐existing literature on the rarity of CCC, but also to share a case of a patient who was successfully treated conservatively with topical antifungal agents only.
Oral management of children/adolescents with ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐clefting (EEC) syndrome: A scoping review
Authors: Garrocho‐Rangel Arturo , Serrano‐Aguilar Guadalupe , Hernández‐Molinar Yolanda , Aranda‐Romo Saray , Alejandri‐Gamboa Vanessa , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsEEC is a rare syndrome characterized by the triad of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and orofacial clefting, along with other clinical manifestations mainly in hair, skin, and teeth. The present paper aimed to perform a scoping review to collect the most relevant studies and focused on the diagnosis and oral management of EEC syndrome in the pediatric dental setting. This review also pretended to make recommendations and map the gaps in this clinical topic.MethodsAn exhaustive electronic and manual search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source/EBSCO) according to previously established eligibility criteria, using different combinations of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators. Titles, abstracts, and full‐text articles were screened and selected by precalibrated reviewers. A data charting was also accomplished for summarizing the overview of the evidence.ResultsA total of 37 references were identified, and 32 titles remained after removing duplicates; then, 25 potential full‐text articles were carefully reviewed. Finally, 15 relevant and most informative studies were included. Most studies were single clinical case reports. Only one descriptive retrospective study was detected. None randomized clinical trials or comparative observational studies were found. A medical/dental multidisciplinary approach is needed for the management of EEC syndrome.ConclusionsDiverse dental specialists must be involved. Pediatric dentists must play a principal role in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases; particularly the preservation of the primary and mixed dentitions, trying to achieve normal orofacial growth.
Diseño de material didáctico complementario para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de una variación léxica local
Authors:   , Álvarez Cancino Johanna Paola , Dueñas Gil John Jairo 
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo desarrollar un material complementario para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de una variación léxica local del español como lengua extranjera en el nivel B2 según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia (MCER). La necesidad de desarrollar este material fue identificada en el Centro Latinoamericano de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (CLAM) en Bogotá, Colombia, a partir de la carencia de material didáctico en Español Lengua Extranjera (ELE) que se ocupe de la enseñanza de la variación léxica local. Se decide llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje a partir de los planteamientos del Enfoque Léxico. El producto de este proyecto de investigación practica es el material titulado Se habla "Bogotañol." Manual de expresiones para no quedar "gringo" en Bogotá, en el cual se recopila algunas de las unidades léxicas usadas por los habitantes de la capital para desarrollar el material complementario y contribuir al desarrollo de la Competencia Lingüística y la Competencia Sociolingüística de los aprendientes de ELE.
La educación artística como disciplina escolar : un análisis estructural sobre la educación artística
Authors:   , Avendaño Peña Carolina 
Published: July 2022

Artista o maestro, saber pedagógico o técnicas disciplinarias, prácticas artísticas o prácticas escolares, son algunas esciciones identificadas en la educación artística como una disciplina para la escuela, "falsos dilemas" que alejan al maestro en la constitución de un saber pedagógico para la educación artística.
La educación en Kant y Nussbaum : un diálogo entre la razón y las emociones
Authors:   , Monroy Sánchez Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Hay por lo menos dos perspectivas pedagógicas desde las cuales se puede abordar el mejoramiento de las sociedades. Una, que hace énfasis en el desarrollo de la razón (el progreso moral de la humanidad) a la manera de Kant, y, otra, centrada en los aspectos "irracionales" del ser humano (el cultivo de la humanidad), de acuerdo a Nussbaum. El propósito de este trabajo es poner a dialogar a la razón y a las emociones. Las nociones de progreso moral y cultivo de la humanidad van a ser estudiadas por aparte, pero se va establecer su conexión a través de la primera de las etapas que propone Nussbaum para la educación superior y universitaria de su país, el autoexamen socrático, pues las emociones también tienen un fuerte componente cognitivo. En esa medida, así como a Kant le reconocemos su interés en la formación de un ciudadano autónomo que se guía bajo la ley moral, a Nussbaum le valoramos su esfuerzo por darle a las emociones un lugar importante en el proceso de formación de ciudadanos universales, caracterizados por su disposición a reconocerse como seres finitos, contingentes y frágiles que hacen parte de la familia humana, lo cual los hace dignos y merecedores de respeto ante los demás, sin dejar de lado que también somos seres provistos de razón.