bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic particle spectroscopy-based bioassays: a 15 year recap
Authors: Wu Kai , Liu Jinming , Chugh Vinit Kumar , Liang Shuang , Saha Renata , Krishna Venkatramana D , Cheeran Maxim C-J , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio and size-related magnetism, which are completely different from their bulk materials. Benefiting from the facile synthesis and chemical modification strategies, MNPs have been widely studied for applications in nanomedicine. Herein, we firstly summarized the designs of MNPs from the perspectives of materials and physicochemical properties tailored for biomedical applications. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), first reported in 2006, has flourished as an independent platform for many biological and biomedical applications. It has been extensively reported as a versatile platform for a variety of bioassays along with the artificially designed MNPs, where the MNPs serve as magnetic nanoprobes to specifically probe target analytes from fluid samples. In this review, the mechanisms and theories of different MPS platforms realizing volumetric- and surface-based bioassays are discussed. Some representative works of MPS platforms for applications such as disease diagnosis, food safety and plant pathology monitoring, drug screening, thrombus maturity assessments are reviewed. At the end of this review, we commented on the rapid growth and booming of MPS-based bioassays in its first 15 years. We also prospected opportunities and challenges that portable MPS devices face in the rapidly growing demand for fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-use biometric techniques.
The product arbitrariness of generalised functions and its role in quantum field theory
Authors: Nanni Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the problem of the product arbitrariness of generalised functions in the framework of Schwartz distribution is addressed. This arbitrariness is responsible for the problem of infinities encountered in quantum field theory when higher-order corrections are considered. The methods of Güttinger-König and Hörmander for getting rid of this arbitrariness are investigated.
Effect of biologically-motivated energy constraints on liquid state machine dynamics and classification performance
Authors: Fountain Andrew , Merkel Cory 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Equipping edge devices with intelligent behavior opens up new possibilities for automating the decision making in extreme size, weight, and power-constrained application domains. To this end, several recent lines of research are aimed at the design of artificial intelligence hardware accelerators that have significantly reduced footprint and power demands compared to conventional CPU/GPU systems. However, despite some key advancements, the majority of work in this area assumes that there is an unlimited supply of energy available for computation, which is not realistic in the case of battery-powered and energy harvesting devices. In this paper, we address this gap by exploring the computational effects of energy constraints on a popular class of brain-inspired spiking neural networks–liquid state machines (LSMs). Energy constraints were applied by limiting the spiking activity in subsets of LSM neurons. We tested our designs on two biosignal processing tasks: epileptic seizure detection and biometric gait identification. For both tasks, we show that energy constraints can significantly improve classification accuracy. This demonstrates that in the design of neuromorphic systems, reducing energy and increasing performance are not always competing goals.
Black Arts, Black Women, Black Politics
Authors: Powell Elliott H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay-review examines Emily J. Lordi’s The Meaning of Soul: Black Music and Resilience since the 1960s (2020), Sharrell D. Luckett’s African American Arts: Activism, Aesthetics, and Futurity (2019), and Kimberly Mack’s Fictional Blues: Narrative Self-Invention from Bessie Smith to Jack White (2020). Although differing in scope and form, the three books are recent works that are invested in explicating Black, and especially Black women’s, artistic creation as sites of and spaces for alternative Black world-making. This review argues that these works share a demand to consider how Black expressive culture is personal and political, singular and social, and how it can offer creative, collective, and intersectional strategies for living in a more liberatory world. Indeed, this review illustrates how, for past and present Black artists, and Black women artists in particular, cultural production is a key site of struggle in grappling with multiple and concomitant oppressions as well as developing alternative formations of Black living and being, inevitably showcasing the importance of Black cultural production in our contemporary world of anti-Black racism.
Although differing in scope . . . and form, the three books are recent works that are invested in explicating Black, and especially Black women’s, artistic creation as sites of and spaces for alternative Black world-making.
What Do Safety Data Sheets for Artificial Stone Products Tell Us About Composition? A Comparative Analysis with Physicochemical Data
Authors: Kumarasamy Chellan , Pisaniello Dino , Gaskin Sharyn , Hall Tony 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Artificial stone (AS) is a composite material that has seen widespread use in construction, particularly for kitchen benchtops. However, fabrication processes with AS have been associated with serious lung disease. Safety data sheets (SDSs) aim to provide important information pertaining to composition and health risks. In the case of a complex mixture, SDSs may be problematic in terms of specific information on overall health risks. To assess this issue, we compared empirically determined mineral, metallic, and organic resin content of 25 individual AS products across six suppliers, with the corresponding SDS information. X-ray diffraction was used to quantitate the mineralogical components of AS samples, and X-ray fluorescence was used to estimate the metallic components. Organic material (resin content) was estimated using weight loss during calcination. Although the resin content for all AS samples was within the SDS-reported ranges, there was considerable variability in the crystalline silica content when comparing with supplier’s SDS. Potentially toxicologically relevant metallic and mineral constituents were not reported. Some supplier SDSs were found to provide more information than others. Only one of the six suppliers provided crystalline mineral content other than silica, and only two suppliers provided any information about metals. There remains a limited understanding of lung pathogenesis from AS, and this study highlights the need for more comprehensive and standardized SDS information for risk assessment and management.
Recurrent pericardial effusion and tamponade after epicardial pacemaker lead placement: a case report
Authors: Nguyen Danh Q , Huntley Geoffrey D , Zaki Timothy A , McGuire Darren K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Epicardial pacemaker placement is often necessary in pacemaker-dependent patients with ongoing device pocket infection or lack of venous access. Pericardial effusion and tamponade are rare but serious complications of this procedure.

Case summary
A 38-year-old woman presented with nausea, diaphoresis, and hypotension 7 days after epicardial lead placement. Echocardiography revealed a large pericardial effusion with signs of tamponade. Despite initial improvement after pericardiocentesis, she continued to develop symptomatic pericardial effusions. The patient ultimately underwent pleuro-pericardial window surgery, which resulted in sustained resolution of effusion recurrence.

Discussion
Cases of recurrent pericardial effusion and tamponade following epicardial lead placement have been reported in the literature, although they are rare. While extensive partial pericardiectomy or total pericardiectomy was required to achieve adequate control of fluid accumulation in prior case reports, our patient was successfully managed with a pleuro-pericardial window.
Dento-skeletal response to three different protocols of rapid maxillary expansion in hyperdivergent growing subjects: a longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Mucedero Manuela , Fanelli Silvia , Rozzi Matteo , Cozza Paola 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dento-skeletal response in hyperdivergent growing patients comparing Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) using three different protocols.

Materials and Methods
Three groups of hyperdivergent subjects treated with RME were analyzed. In 41 patients (23F, 18M) the RME was bonded on the maxillary deciduous second molars (E-RME group); in 40 patients (24F, 16M) the RME was bonded on the first permanent maxillary molars (6-RME group); in 45 patients (26F,19M) the RME was bonded on the first permanent maxillary molars with a removable mandibular Bite-Block (6-RME/BB group). Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were scanned and digitally measured before treatment (T1), at the appliance removal (T2) and at least 1 year after the appliance removal (T3). The comparison was made within the same group and between the groups. Statistical comparisons were assessed with analysis of variance multi-comparison test (*P = 0.05).

Results
A significant increase of upper molars buccal tipping was observed in 6-RME group when compared with E-RME and 6-RME/BB groups in the short-term (T2–T1) and long-term (T3–T1); a significant intercanine width increase was observed in E-RME group at the same times. No significant differences in dentoalveolar variables were observed comparing E-RME group versus 6-RME/BB group.

Conclusions
The E-RME protocol allows for a greater skeletal expansion and produces a lower buccal tipping of the first permanent upper molars. The use of the BB in 6-RME/BB group shows a similar attitude to the E-RME protocol then can be considered an effective therapeutic alternative.
Developing a core outcome set for patient-reported symptom monitoring to reduce hospital admissions for patients with heart failure
Authors: Lawson Claire A , Lam Carolyn , Jaarsma Tiny , Kadam Umesh , Stromberg Anna , Ali Mohammad , Tay Wan Ting , Clayton Louise , Khunti Kamlesh , Squire Iain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
In patients with heart failure (HF), hospitalization rates are increasing, particularly for non-HF causes and over half may be avoidable. Self-monitoring of symptoms plays a key part in the early identification of deterioration. Our objective was to develop expert consensus for a core outcome set (COS) of symptoms to be monitored by patients, using validated single-item patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), focused on the key priority of reducing admissions in HF.

Methods and results
A rigorous COS development process incorporating systematic review, modified e-Delphi and nominal group technique (NGT) methods. Participants included 24 HF patients, 4 carers, 29 HF nurses, and 9 doctors. In three Delphi and NGT rounds, participants rated potential outcomes on their importance before a HF or a non-HF admission using a 5-point Likert scale. Opinion change between rounds was assessed and a two-thirds threshold was used for outcome selection.
Item generation using systematic review identified 100 validated single-item PROMs covering 34 symptoms or signs, relevant to admission for people with HF. De-duplication and formal consensus processes, resulted in a COS comprising eight symptoms and signs; shortness of breath, arm or leg swelling, abdomen bloating, palpitations, weight gain, chest pain, anxiety, and overall health. In the NGT, a numerical rating scale was selected as the optimal approach to symptom monitoring.

Conclusion
Recognition of a range of HF-specific and general symptoms, alongside comorbidities, is an important consideration for admission prevention. Further work is needed to validate and integrate the COS in routine care with the aim of facilitating faster identification of clinical deterioration.
No Guts About It: Captivity, But Not Neophobia Phenotype, Influences the Cloacal Microbiome of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Kelly T R , Vinson A E , King G M , Lattin C R 
Published: March 2022

SynopsisBehavioral traits such as anxiety and depression have been linked to diversity of the gut microbiome in humans, domesticated animals, and lab-bred model species, but the extent to which this link exists in wild animals, and thus its ecological relevance, is poorly understood. We examined the relationship between a behavioral trait (neophobia) and the cloacal microbiome in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus,n = 22) to determine whether gut microbial diversity is related to personality in a wild animal. We swabbed the cloaca immediately upon capture, assessed neophobia phenotypes in the lab, and then swabbed the cloaca again after several weeks in captivity to additionally test whether the microbiome of different personality types is affected disparately by captivity, and characterized gut microbiomes using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We did not detect differences in cloacal alpha or beta microbial diversity between neophobic and non-neophobic house sparrows, and diversity for both phenotypes was negatively impacted by captivity. Although our results suggest that the adult cloacal microbiome and neophobia are not strongly linked in wild sparrows, we did detect specific OTUs that appeared more frequently and at higher abundances in neophobic sparrows, suggesting that links between the gut microbiome and behavior may occur at the level of specific taxa. Further investigations of personality and the gut microbiome are needed in more wild species to reveal how the microbiome-gut-brain axis and behavior interact in an ecological context.
Impact of longitudinal data-completeness of electronic health record data on risk score misclassification
Authors: Jin Yinzhu , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Merola Dave , Lin Kueiyu Joshua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Electric health record (EHR) discontinuity, that is, receiving care outside of a given EHR system, can lead to substantial information bias. We aimed to determine whether a previously described EHR-continuity prediction model can reduce the misclassification of 4 commonly used risk scores in pharmacoepidemiology.

Methods
The study cohort consists of patients aged ≥ 65 years identified in 2 US EHR systems linked with Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2017. We calculated 4 risk scores, CHAD2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED, combined comorbidity score (CCS), claims-based frailty index (CFI) based on information recorded in the 365 days before cohort entry, and assessed their misclassification by comparing score values based on EHR data alone versus the linked EHR-claims data. CHAD2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED were assessed in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, whereas CCS and CFI were assessed in the general population.

Results
Our study cohort included 204 014 patients (26 537 with nonvalvular AF) in system 1 and 115 726 patients (15 529 with nonvalvular AF) in system 2. Comparing the low versus high predicted EHR continuity in system 1, the proportion of patients with misclassification of ≥2 categories improved from 55% to 16% for CHAD2DS2-VASc, from 55% to 12% for HAS-BLED, from 37% to 16% for CCS, and from 10% to 2% for CFI. A similar pattern was found in system 2.

Conclusions
Using a previously described prediction model to identify patients with high EHR continuity may significantly reduce misclassification for the commonly used risk scores in EHR-based comparative studies.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Cimex hemipterus Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) and First Report of C. lectularius Linnaeus, 1758, in Madagascar
Authors: Akhoundi Mohammad , Raharisoa Annie , Andrianjafy Romain Lovanirina , Chebbah Dahlia , Razanakolona Lala Rasoamialy-Soa , Izri Arezki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bed bugs are hematophagous insects with a long history of presence in human communities. Over the last three decades, infestations by bed bugs in human dwellings have drastically increased, leading to a rise in bed bug concerns. This study was conducted in May 2019 in the Miarinarivo district of Madagascar. Eight locations with suspected infestations were inspected. Of these, five locations were found with active bed bug infestations. Overall, 23 (19 adults and four nymphs) specimens with numbers per apartment ranging from 2 to 6 were collected and analyzed using morphological and molecular approaches. Of 19 adults collected, 18 were morphologically identified as Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), with the final adult identified as C. lectularius. Morphological identification of adults was confirmed by sequencing 450 bp fragment of COI gene. All four nymphs were also identified molecularly as C. hemipterus. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of COI gene and sequence alignment of C. hemipterus specimens revealed the presence of two groups (first group clustered with previously reported haplotype from Asian and African countries and the second group encompassed a lesser known haplotype exclusively from Africa (Kenya and Senegal). This study presents low genetic diversity among C. hemipterus specimens and, for the first time, reports the occurrence of C. lectularius, known as temperate species, in Madagascar. These results can be helpful in control management strategies against these ectoparasites in this country.
Behold-Nå̄, Statistics is an Effective Tool, Use It-Nå̄
Authors: Rachmuth Moshe , Portnoy Stephen , Wright Jacob L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years a debate has erupted around the possibility of using quantitative tools to date biblical texts. Our article sets forth a new methodology for discerning statistically significant traces of diachronic layers in texts from the Hebrew Bible. This is not to suggest that an irregularity in a book is sufficient to determine that it is made of more than one source. We are only making the argument on the negative: that there is no reason to explain phenomena that ‘seem interesting’ if there is no statistical model that shows a significant difference from random distribution. More generally, this study demonstrates the need for informed and careful application of recent statistical theory to the field of biblical studies.
Community Policing as a Philosophy: The Case of Pol-Der (Polis Derneği, Police Association) in Turkey
Authors: Genç Yılmaz Ayfer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe police are different from the military and other security institutions as they hold stronger ties with society. This relationship has kept its significance throughout the history of police all around the world. Particularly starting with the 1970s, a new philosophy of policing termed ‘community policing’ or ‘community-oriented policing’ was born in consolidated Western democracies. Since the 1990s, this model has become a central model for police transformation, predominantly in developing countries. Later, this philosophy was imported to unconsolidated democracies of the Third World. This paper contends that Turkey is a compelling case for police studies as, a Turkish police association called Pol-Der was established in the 1970s and the members of Pol-Der, by declaring their ambition to become community’s police, brought forward the idea of community policing in a relatively early period of time. Despite the fact that previous research on Pol-Der discussed the political–ideological character of the organization, Pol-Der’s emphasis on community policing as a philosophy demonstrated an ambitious—but a failed—initiative to create a paradigmatic shift for policing models in Turkey.
Linking clinical complaints and objective measures of disrupted nighttime sleep in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Barateau Lucie , Lopez Régis , Chenini Sofiene , Rassu Anna-Laura , Mouhli Lytissia , Dhalluin Cloé , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Despite its high frequency in narcolepsy type 1(NT1), disrupted nocturnal sleep (DNS) remains understudied, and its determinants have been poorly assessed. We aimed to determine the clinical, polysomnographic (PSG), and biological variables associated with DNS in a large sample of patients with NT1, and to evaluate the effect of medication on DNS and its severity.

Methods
Two hundred and forty-eight consecutive adult patients with NT1 (145 untreated, 103 treated) were included at the National Reference Center for Narcolepsy-France; 51 drug-free patients were reevaluated during treatment. DNS, assessed with the Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), was categorized in four levels (absent, mild, moderate, severe). Clinical characteristics, validated questionnaires, PSG parameters (sleep fragmentation markers: sleep (SB) and wake bouts (WB), transitions), objective sleepiness, and orexin-A levels were assessed.

Results
In drug-free patients, DNS severity was associated with higher scores on NSS, higher sleepiness, anxiety/depressive symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, worse quality of life (QoL). Patients with moderate/severe DNS (59%) had increased sleep onset REM periods, lower sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, more N1, SB, WB, sleep instability, transitions. In treated patients, DNS was associated with the same clinical data, and antidepressant use; but only with longer REM sleep latency on PSG. During treatment, sleepiness, NSS scores, depressive symptoms decreased, as well as total sleep time, WB, SB, transitions. DNS improved in 55% of patients, without predictors except more baseline anxiety.

Conclusion
DNS complaint is frequent in NT1, associated with disease severity based on NSS, several PSG parameters, and objective sleepiness in untreated and treated conditions. DNS improves with treatment. We advocate the systematic assessment of this symptom and its inclusion in NT1 management strategy.
Pancreatic Stellate Cells Prolong Ex Vivo Islet Viability and Function and Improve Engraftment
Authors: Paul Pradyut K , Das Rahul , Drow Travis J , de Souza Arnaldo H , Balamurugan Appakalai N , Belt Davis Dawn , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preserving islet health and function is critical during pretransplant culture to improve islet transplantation outcome and for ex vivo modeling of diabetes for pharmaceutical drug discovery. The limited islet engraftment potential is primarily attributable to loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) support and interaction. Multipotent cells with ECM depositing competency improve islet survival during short coculture period. However, role of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and their ECM support in preserving ex vivo islet physiology remains largely unknown. Here, we report novel cytoprotective effects of culture-adapted porcine PSCs and role of their ECM-mediated intercellular communication on pig, mouse and human islets ex vivo. Using direct-contact coculture system, we demonstrate that porcine PSCs preserve and significantly prolong islet viability and function from 7 ± 3 days to more than 28 ± 5 (P &lt; .001) days in vitro. These beneficial effects of PSCs on islet health are not species-specific. Using NSC47924 to specifically inhibit 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (LR), we identified that LR-mediated intercellular communication is essential for PSCs to protect functional viability of islets in vitro. Finally, our results demonstrate that PSC co-transplantation improved function and enhanced capacity of syngeneic islets to reverse hyperglycemia in mice with preexisiting diabetes. Cumulatively, our findings unveil novel effects of culture-adapted PSCs on islet health likely mirroring in vivo niche interaction. Furthermore, islet and PSC coculture may aid in development of ex vivo diabetes modeling and also suggests that a combined islet-PSC tissue engineered implant may significantly improve islet transplantation outcome.