bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling how biochar and dung amendments determine the functional structure and community assembly related to methane metabolisms in grassland soils
Authors: Zhao Qingzhou , Wang Yanfen , Xu Zhihong , Yun Juanli , Yu Zhisheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiochar and dung amendments have been extensively employed in soil remediation and fertilization of grasslands, which are the largest terrestrial sinks for methane. However, how these exogenous amendments regulate methane metabolisms at the molecular and community levels remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the functional genes and community assemblies of methanogens and methanotrophs using Geochip 5.0 and high-throughput sequencing to reveal the impacts of biochar and dung on soil methanogenesis and methane oxidation. The interactions between methane metabolic genes and other biogeochemical genes were also examined. According to Geochip microarrays, methanogenic genemcrAdecreased and increased with dung or biochar amendment, respectively; The methanotrophic genepmoAshowed a reverse but not significant tendency. Undominated processes contributed 65.51% to replace homogeneous selections as primary driving forces of methanogen assembly after dung amendment; the contribution of dispersal limitation increased to 46.13% in methanotroph assembly after biochar amendment. The diversity and association of co-occurrence networks for carbon–nitrogen cycling genes decreased after exogenous amendments. These results indicated that biochar and dung amendments prominently regulated the functional genes and community assembly involved in methane metabolisms. The co-existence patterns of methane metabolic genes and other related geochemical genes were also shaped by these amendments. This study provides the scientific reference for the development of grassland management in the context of global warming.Graphical Abstract
The Ordinary Meaningful Life
Authors: GLASGOW JOSHUA 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is widely thought that we have good reason to try to be important. Being important or doing significant things is supposed to add value to our lives. In particular, it is supposed to make our lives exceptionally meaningful. This essay develops an alternative view. After exploring what importance is and how it might relate to meaning in life, a series of cases are presented to validate the perspective that being important adds no meaning to our lives. The meaningful life does need valuable projects, activities, and relationships. But no added meaning is secured by those projects, activities, and relationships being especially significant. The extraordinary life has no more meaning than the ordinary life.
Colonial Genealogies of National Self-Determination
Authors: MENGE TORSTEN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf-determination is a central concept for political philosophers. For example, many have appealed to this concept to defend a right of states to restrict immigration. Because it is deeply embedded in our political structures, the principle possesses a kind of default authority and does not usually call for an elaborate defense. In this paper, I will argue that genealogical studies by Adom Getachew, Radhika Mongia, Nandita Sharma, and others help to challenge this default authority. Their counter-histories show that the principle was used to justify, strengthen, and adapt imperial rule in the twentieth century. In particular, the idea that controlling a population's composition through regulating immigration is an essential aspect of self-determination emerged as a response to White anxieties about the migration of negatively racialized groups. Genealogies have not been adequately appreciated as a critical tool within the mainstream of political philosophy. I show that these genealogies have a critical role to play because they unsettle our uncritical attachment to the structures of the nation-state system and raise serious questions about the meaning and emancipatory force of the principle of self-determination.
Glacial hydraulic tremor on Rhonegletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Clyne Elisabeth , Alley Richard B. , Vore Margot , Gräff Dominik , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Walter Fabian , Sergeant Amandine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlacial hydraulic tremor (GHT) can be monitored to observe changes in location and distribution of water flow beneath glacial ice, allowing the spatiotemporal evolution of subglacial hydrology to be studied continuously and remotely. We use frequency-dependent polarization analysis (FDPA) to classify types of GHT and assess its spatio-temporal extent beneath Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, in a continuous seismic record through 2018 and 2019 at three ice-proximal bedrock-based seismometers. We determine the frequency bands composing the GHT and calculate back azimuth angles pointing to a previously known subglacial channel. We also inspect the relationship between GHT seismic power and water discharge from the glacier to compare daily and seasonal shifts with the observed GHT. We observed the seasonal shift from a distributed system to a channelized system, and our dataset allowed comparison of channel locations within and across seasons, with implications for sediment evacuation and bed erosion. The successful use of this method to assess GHT previously on Taku glacier (the methods of which this project follows) and now Rhonegletscher shows that existing ice-proximal passive seismic installations can be used to easily and continuously monitor subglacial hydraulic activity.
Preferential mineral N form uptake by sugarcane genotypes contrasting in nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Kölln Oriel Tiago , Boschiero Beatriz Nastaro , Franco Henrique Coutinho Junqueira , Soldi Marina Camara Martins , Sanches Guilherme Martinelli , Castro Sergio Gustavo de Quassi , Trivelin Paulo Cesar Ocheuze 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Ammonium has been reported as a ‘preferred’ nitrogen (N) source for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), which can improve N use efficiency (NUE) in this crop. We aimed to evaluate the preferential uptake of ammonium and nitrate in sugarcane genotypes contrasting with NUE under controlled conditions. Four sugarcane genotypes previously selected by another experiment (ER: efficient and responsive; ENR: efficient and nonresponsive; IR: inefficient and responsive; INR: inefficient and nonresponsive) were grown in a growth chamber and fertilized with two 15N-labeled forms [(NH4)2SO4 (15N-NH4+) or KNO3 (15N-NO3−)]; soil was used as substrate. Plants were evaluated at three time points: 0, 24, and 72 h after 15N-fertilization. For the efficient genotypes (ER and ENR), the soil NH4+ levels were about 20% lower than those found for the inefficient genotypes (IR and INR) indicating greater N extraction by the plant. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer (NDFF) and
15
N recovery from fertilizer (15N RFF) in roots were influenced by the genotypes, in which responsive genotypes (ER and IR) presented a mean value 40% higher than the genotype INR, showing that greater absorption is more related to response than efficiency. Three days after N application, NDFF and 15N RFF from 15N-NH4+ were greater than 15N-NO3− in 40% and 65% for the roots and aerial part, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that sugarcane presents preferential uptake of NH4+ N form 3 days after fertilization. The use of nitrification inhibitors can be considered for providing a longer NH4+ residence time in the soil, also contributing to augmenting the NUE in sugarcane.
Participant expectations in a national otolaryngology mentorship programme
Authors: Abrar R , Stapleton E ,   Women in ENT Surgery
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveMentoring within surgery is increasingly recognised as a powerful development tool, but participant expectations have not previously been explored. This study aimed to explore and analyse participant expectations from the UK's first national otolaryngology mentorship programme.MethodParticipants completed open-ended questionnaires. Responses were qualitatively analysed using a grounded theory approach. Iterative cycles were used to develop codes using a constant comparison technique. Emerging categories were refined to identify core themes.ResultsKey mentee expectations were career, and clinical and academic guidance. Enhancing networking opportunities was highlighted by medical students and junior trainees. Psychosocial and lifestyle support were predominant themes for all trainees. Receiving impartial advice and guidance from outside their training region was expressed only by senior trainees. Mentor expectations aligned with those of mentees.ConclusionThis study identified key areas of the ‘hidden curriculum’ for students and trainees in otolaryngology, showing the evolving expectations and priorities as they progress through training.
A novel pulsar-based template-independent navigation method
Authors: Li Zhize , Zheng Wei , Wang Yusong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBecause of the high photon flux, the Crab nebula pulsar is widely used as the observation target for X-ray pulsar-based navigation. The built profile of the Crab pulsar will change over time, however, which means that the pre-calibrated template cannot be used for the long term. In this paper, a novel pulsar-based template-independent navigation method is proposed. The detected phase propagation model is given as a term of position of the vehicle, taking the orbital motion into account. A different method of time-of-arrival process between the recovered profiles is introduced. With the aid of orbital transition matrix, a measurement model is derived to be a term of velocity error of the vehicle varying with time. The state errors of the vehicle are transformed into velocity errors by performing multi-segment observations to achieve the navigation system observability. The navigation equations of the system are then established and can be solved directly. Some simulations are performed to verify the method and suggest that the proposed method is feasible, effective and easy to implement. The precise orbit information of the vehicle can be determined. The state estimation accuracy is basically consistent with the traditional filtering algorithms, and the computational cost is still very low.
Samulnori,Wőrn-pang-kak,and Cosmological Didacticism
Authors: Hesselink Nathan 
Published: August 2022

Through scientific understanding, our world has become de-humanized. Man feels himself isolated in the cosmos. He is no longer involved in nature and has lost his emotional participation in natural events, which hitherto had a symbolic meaning for him. Thunder is no longer the voice of a god, nor is lightning his avenging missile. No river contains a spirit, no tree means a man's life, no snake is the embodiment of wisdom, and no mountain still harbors a great demon … His immediate communication with nature is gone forever, and the emotional energy it generated has sunk into the unconscious. (Jung 1976:255)At the heart of the resurgence and popularity of traditional music in South Korea during the closing decades of the twentieth century lie the concerted efforts of an intimate group of friends and musical colleagues who came of age in the late 1970s. Inspired by their mentors and artistic forbearers borne of itinerant troupe performance traditions and bound together by the common goal of saving Korean music from obscurity in a nation that was catapulting itself toward Western cultural hegemony, the percussion quartet known as SamulNori emerged from its humble beginnings to become an internationally acknowledged phenomenon.
Different Temporalities: The Time of Balinese Gamelan
Authors: McGraw Andrew Clay 
Published: August 2022

On my first research trip to Bali, Indonesia, I brought along a reasonably expensive digital metronome with the wrongheaded idea that it would somehow aid my learning gamelan music. In a completely uncharacteristic mistake, Singapore Airlines lost my luggage containing the metronome. More than once, my Balinese teachers suggested (only half-kiddingly) that the goddess of music, Saraswati, had probably had a hand in this. Many Balinese teachers have commented that their greatest pedagogical challenge is in helping their foreign students develop a sense of the fluid, flexible nature of Balinese musical time. The differences between Balinese and Euro-American musical time and their representations have partially blinded theorists to its shape, function, and significance. In his magnum opus Music in Bali (1966), Colin McPhee describes a performance that particularly delighted him:
With no rhythmic support of any kind, the players must follow the leading gangsa, partly by watching, partly by ear. They must all feel in the same way the flexible, rubato nature of the passage. The charm of this episode, as played by the gamelan at Jagaraga in 1938, was irresistible. It lay partly in the melody itself, sounding thinly chiming octaves and stressed at intervals by the vibrant tones of the jublags and jegogans. But perhaps most enchanting of all was the lovely pliancy of the passage, and the perfect accord of all the players. (McPhee 1966:350)
Relationships Between the Eastward Propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Circulation Structure
Authors: Berrington Andrew H. , Sakaeda Naoko , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe circulation associated with convection of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been suggested to have an impact on its propagation by a number of previous studies. This circulation contains both flanking Rossby waves to the rear and a Kelvin wave leading the convective center. In this study, individual MJO convective envelopes from a 40‐year database are tracked, a technique to scale the MJO by its zonal wavelength is employed, and statistical methods are used to assess how the MJO circulation pattern might impact its eastward propagation downstream. Results suggest that continuous eastward propagation of the MJO is favored when a strong Kelvin wave circulation is present east of MJO convection, indicated by both an easterly zonal wind anomaly and negative geopotential height anomaly. In addition to the known significance of having Kelvin wave easterly wind anomalies, the results of this study highlight that the existence of negative geopotential height is important to supporting moistening and MJO propagation. It is found that importance of the Kelvin wave signal to MJO propagation depends on the region that the MJO is located over. Kelvin wave circulation east of MJO convection enhances moistening to support continuous eastward propagation of the MJO, mainly through meridional moisture advection due to the coupling between the Kelvin wave and Rossby‐like disturbances east of the active convection. The roles of boundary layer convergence and vertical moistening are also discussed.
Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling
Authors: Mathis M. , Logemann K. , Maerz J. , Lacroix F. , Hagemann S. , Chegini F. , Ramme L. , Ilyina T. , Korn P. , Schrum C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the first global ocean‐biogeochemistry model that uses a telescoping high resolution for an improved representation of coastal carbon dynamics: ICON‐Coast. Based on the unstructured triangular grid topology of the model, we globally apply a grid refinement in the land‐ocean transition zone to better resolve the complex circulation of shallow shelves and marginal seas as well as ocean‐shelf exchange. Moreover, we incorporate tidal currents including bottom drag effects, and extend the parameterizations of the model's biogeochemistry component to account explicitly for key shelf‐specific carbon transformation processes. These comprise sediment resuspension, temperature‐dependent remineralization in the water column and sediment, riverine matter fluxes from land including terrestrial organic carbon, and variable sinking speed of aggregated particulate matter. The combination of regional grid refinement and enhanced process representation enables for the first time a seamless incorporation of the global coastal ocean in model‐based Earth system research. In particular, ICON‐Coast encompasses all coastal areas around the globe within a single, consistent ocean‐biogeochemistry model, thus naturally accounting for two‐way coupling of ocean‐shelf feedback mechanisms at the global scale. The high quality of the model results as well as the efficiency in computational cost and storage requirements proves this strategy a pioneering approach for global high‐resolution modeling. We conclude that ICON‐Coast represents a new tool to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the role of the land‐ocean transition zone in the global carbon cycle, and to narrow related uncertainties in global future projections.
A Differentiable Hydrology Approach for Modeling With Time‐Varying Parameters
Authors: Krapu Christopher , Borsuk Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the analysis of observational data with mathematical models, it is often desirable to let one or more model parameters vary with time to account for changing environmental conditions or to offer more flexibility. A standard approach for dynamic models is to allow for the number of parameters to grow as a function of time, leading to a high‐dimensional inference problem for long data records. We propose using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, a gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, to perform Bayesian inference for time‐varying parameters (TVP) in hydrology models. As derivatives of model error functions with regard to parameters are not available in closed form, we implemented the GR4J rainfall‐runoff models in Theano/PyMC3, and Jax/NumPyro, allowing for the application of automatic differentiation techniques. A simulation experiment assessing the viability of these methods for recovering underlying temporal variation in parameters indicates that a discrete Gaussian random walk‐based prior appears to be best suited across a range of scenarios while the continuous‐time Gaussian process compares relatively poorly. In an analysis of 20 years of daily real‐world streamflow records from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) hydrology data set with increasing data sparsity and at multiple temporal resolutions, we find that TVP inference with gradient‐based MCMC is a flexible and reliable approach for analyzing hydrology models with dynamic parameter sets.
Atmospheric Contributions to the Reversal of Surface Temperature Anomalies Between Early and Late Winter Over Eurasia
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservations have shown subseasonal reversal of temperature anomalies between early and late winter over Eurasia, which is distinct from the seasonal mean condition. Based on the reanalysis data, the 1800‐year control simulation and the 40‐member ensemble simulations in 1920–2100 from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE), this study reveals that the reversal of surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies between early and late winter is one of the dominant and intrinsic features of the Arctic‐Eurasian winter climate. Such a reversal is characterized by “colder Arctic, warmer Eurasia” in December (January–February) and “warmer Arctic, colder Eurasia” in January–February (December). Robust climate dynamic processes associated with the reversal of SAT anomalies, including subseasonal reversals of anomalies in the Ural blocking, midlatitude westerlies, and stratospheric polar vortex, are found in both reanalysis data and CESM simulations, indicating the important role of internal atmospheric variability. Further analysis reveals that the reversal of Ural blocking anomalies in late December can be a potential precursor for the reversal of SAT anomalies in late winter. The reversal of midlatitude westerly wind anomalies associated with the Ural blocking can affect upward propagation of planetary‐scale waves especially with wavenumber 1, subsequently promoting the contribution of stratospheric polar vortex to the reversal of SAT anomalies in late winter over the Arctic‐Eurasian regions. Such a troposphere‐stratosphere pathway triggered by the perturbation of tropospheric circulations is confirmed by the CESM‐LE simulations, and it may be useful for the prediction of subseasonal reversal of SAT anomalies.
Analysis of Ionospheric Compressional Waves and Electron Density Oscillation During Storm Periods Using Swarm Observations
Authors: Wang Hui , He Yangfan , Lühr Hermann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing Swarm satellite observations, we aimed to examine compressional electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and concurrent plasma density oscillations during storm periods (2014–2018). Compressional waves were accompanied by precipitated energetic proton fluxes, which can lead to increased electron density in the F‐layer. Approximately one‐third of compressional waves were accompanied by electron density (Ne) oscillations. The Ne oscillation occurred more frequently during stronger magnetic storms and with EMIC wave events of larger power density. The morning sector and South Atlantic Anomaly region revealed high occurrence rates of Ne oscillations. Its peak occurrence region showed a local time drift during the storm evolution. These variations with magnetic local time and storm phases are consistent with those of EMIC waves. Phases of the EMIC compressional waves and Ne oscillations exhibited a strong correlation. The phases of EMIC waves and Ne oscillations were linearly related, apart from a bias of ∼17.5° or 200.5°. The relative amplitude ratio of most Ne oscillations to the compressional EMIC wave showed a strong correlation with the local Alfven velocity. When the Alfven velocity increased, the relative amplitude ratio also increased, and there appeared a saturation of the relative amplitude ratio at large Alfven velocity.
Seismological Characterization of the 2021 Yangbi Foreshock‐Mainshock Sequence, Yunnan, China: More than a Triggered Cascade
Authors: Zhou Yijian , Ren Chunmei , Ghosh Abhijit , Meng Haoran , Fang Lihua , Yue Han , Zhou Shiyong , Su Youjin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2021 Mw 6.1 Yangbi earthquake in southwest China is preceded by three major foreshocks: 05/18 Mw 4.3, 05/19 Mw 4.6, and 05/21 Mw 5.2. It provides a valuable chance to revisit two end‐member foreshock models: cascade‐up and pre‐slip models. We first determine the fault structure with relocated aftershocks and the focal mechanisms obtained from a multipoint‐source inversion. We find that the mainshock and two smaller foreshocks occur on an unmapped near‐vertical fault, and the largest foreshock occurs on a mapped stepover fault that dips to northeast. Second, for each major foreshock, we estimate and delineate the rupture area based on its aftershock location and a spectral ratio analysis. Based on the inferred rupture model, we finally calculate the evolution of Coulomb stress and examine potential interactions between each major event. Results show that the Yangbi sequence can be explained by the cascade triggering mechanism, while we also find evidence for aseismic slip that contributes to the triggering process: the first foreshock is preceded by a short‐term localized cluster, three repeater sequences are detected in the foreshock period, and the aftershock zones expand logarithmically with time. The Yangbi mainshock is probably triggered by multiple major foreshocks through both seismic and aseismic processes. This detailed seismological characterization of Yangbi sequence lends supports for an improved understanding on the foreshock mechanism: (a) the controlling mechanisms are not limited to cascade‐up and pre‐slip. Instead, multiple mechanisms can operate together; and (b) aseismic slip does not always provide more deterministic information on the mainshock.