bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic Exertion Test for Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of Athletes at Return-to-Play and Healthy Controls
Authors: Kochick Victoria , Sinnott Aaron M. , Eagle Shawn R. , Bricker Indira R. , Collins Michael W. , Mucha Anne , Connaboy Christopher , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:To describe the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) by comparing physiological, performance, and clinical outcomes between athletes medically cleared following sport-related concussion (SRC) and healthy controls.Methods:One hundred four (female = 41, 39.4%) participants (14–21 y of age) including 52 medically cleared for return to play at 21.48 (15.40) days following SRC and 52 healthy athletes completed the EXiT involving (1) 12-minute aerobic component and (2) 18-minute dynamic component including 2 functional movement and 5 change-of-direction (COD) tasks. Physiological (heart rate and blood pressure), clinical (endorsed symptoms and rating of perceived exertion), and performance (COD-task completion time and errors) outcomes were collected throughout EXiT. Participants also completed the Postconcussion Symptom Scale and vestibular/ocular motor screening before EXiT. Independent-samplesttests were used to compare groups on resting heart rate and blood pressure, COD-task completion time, and Mann–WhitneyUtests on Postconcussion Symptom Scale, vestibular/ocular motor screening, and EXiT symptoms, rating of perceived exertion, and errors.Results:COD-task completion time and resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate were similar between groups (P > .05). SRC reported greater rating of perceived exertion during the aerobic component (P < .05) and lower total dizziness (P = .003) and total symptoms (P = .021) during EXiT and had lower near point of convergence distance (P < .001) and total symptoms (P = .007) for vestibular/ocular motor screening than healthy athletes.Conclusion:Physiological, performance, and clinical EXiT outcomes were equivocal between athletes at medical clearance following SRC and healthy controls. The multidomain EXiT may help to inform safe return-to-play decision making post-SRC.
Decrypting the polymetamorphic record of the Himalaya
Authors: Lihter Iva , Larson Kyle P. , Smit Matthijs A. , Cottle John M. , Ashley Kyle T. , Shrestha Sudip 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reconstructions of the tectonometamorphic architectures of orogenic systems rely on petrogenetic indicator minerals, such as garnet, to trace the transport of rocks through space and time. We show the results of new garnet Lu–Hf geochronology and inclusion U-(Th-)Pb geochronology from exhumed midcrustal metamorphic rocks exposed in the Kanchenjunga region of the eastern Nepalese Himalaya. Garnet in three of the five specimens analyzed yielded pre-Himalayan Lu–Hf dates of ca. 292–230 Ma, which contrasts with Himalayan-aged inclusions therein. Garnet in these specimens either grew entirely during the Early Permian opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean or grew partly during Cambrian–Ordovician orogenesis and partly during the Cenozoic. The remaining two specimens yield Lu–Hf ages of ca. 50 Ma, which are some of the oldest recorded dates for Himalayan metamorphism. The apparent discordance between the geochronological techniques highlights a potential issue with interpretations that rely on single-geochron-method inclusion records. These results further show that some pressure-temperature determinations used in Himalayan models may not be Himalayan in age.
Calibrating the Russøya excursion in Svalbard, Norway, and implications for Neoproterozoic chronology
Authors: Millikin Alexie E.G. , Strauss Justin V. , Halverson Galen P. , Bergmann Kristin D. , Tosca Nicholas J. , Rooney Alan D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Tonian–Ediacaran Hecla Hoek succession of Svalbard, Norway, represents one of the most complete and well-preserved Neoproterozoic sedimentary successions worldwide. With diverse fossil assemblages, an extensive carbonate δ13C record, and sedimentary evidence for two distinct Cryogenian glaciations, this succession will continue to yield insights into the Neoproterozoic Earth system; however, at present there are no direct radiometric age constraints for these strata. We present two new Re-Os ages and initial Os isotope data that constrain the timing of Neoproterozoic glaciation in Svalbard, providing further support for two globally synchronous Cryogenian glaciations and insight into pre- and post-snowball global weathering conditions. An age from the Russøya Member (Elbobreen Formation) facilitates correlation of the negative carbon isotope excursion recorded therein with the pre-glacial “Islay” excursion of the Callison Lake Formation of northwestern Canada and the Didikama and Matheos Formations of Ethiopia. We propose that this globally synchronous ca. 735 Ma carbon isotope excursion be referred to as the Russøya excursion with northeastern Svalbard as the type locality. This new age provides an opportunity to construct a time-calibrated geological framework in Svalbard to assess connections between biogeochemical cycling, evolutionary innovations within the eukaryotes, and the most extreme climatic changes in Earth history.
Giant sheath-folded nappe stack demonstrates extreme subhorizontal shear strain in an Archean orogen
Authors: Zhong Yating , Kusky Timothy M. , Wang Lu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Giant sheath-folded nappes are associated with suture zones and emplacement of far-traveled allochthons in Phanerozoic orogens, demonstrating a rare but significant geologic phenomenon indicative of modern-style plate tectonics. We document the world's oldest-known subhorizontal mega-scale sheath fold from Archean Alpine-style nappes of the Central orogenic belt, North China craton. The Zanhuang nappes are recumbent Alpine-style forearc-affinity metabasaltic and metasedimentary nappes emplaced over a passive continental margin in the Archean, marking an ancient suture zone. Field evidence shows multiscale sheath folds from decimeters to tens of meters in size, and our three-dimensional fence profile, fold hinges, kinematic lineations, and lithological traces define an ~1-km-long (parallel to the x-axis) sheath fold in the core of the nappe stack. Structural analysis statistically demonstrates the macro-scale recumbent sheath-folded nappe preserves a complete 180° hinge-line curvature. The giant sheath fold plunges northwest, reflecting its formation during non-coaxial, top-to-the-southeast shearing with extremely high shear strain (γ ≥10), equated to &gt;10 km of ductile slip on the bounding surfaces. Slip vectors derived from S-C fabrics on overturned limbs are consistent with rotation into the southeast-directed transport direction, parallel to the similarly rotated fold hinges. Comparison of the giant sheath-folded nappes from the Archean Zanhuang example with mega-scale sheath folds in Phanerozoic and Proterozoic orogens shows that Neoarchean lithosphere was stiff enough to allow tectonics to operate in a manner analogous to modern-style plate tectonics.
Zn-, Mg- and O-isotope evidence for the origin of mantle eclogites from Roberts Victor kimberlite (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa)
Authors: Huang Jian , Huang Jin-Xiang , Griffin William L. , Huang Fang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report Zn-isotope compositions of garnet, clinopyroxene, and whole rocks for 14 Type I and 10 Type II eclogites from the Roberts Victor kimberlite (Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa) that were previously analyzed for Mg-O isotopes. Type II eclogites are the protoliths of the highly metasomatized Type I. Garnet and clinopyroxene in Type II eclogites have δ66Zn from 0.14‰ to 0.50‰ and from 0.29‰ to 0.58‰, respectively; reconstructed whole-rock δ66Zn is from 0.24‰ to 0.54‰, which is higher than typical mantle values (0.16–0.20‰). Their heavy Zn- and light Mg- and O-isotope compositions (δ26Mg = −1.1‰ to −0.14‰, δ18O = 2.3‰ to 4.9‰) cannot originate from subducted, carbonate-rich, altered oceanic crust, which is enriched in heavy Zn-O and light Mg isotopes. The low δ18O may be inherited from parental melts derived from low-δ18O mantle sources like those that produced the Weltevreden komatiites of the Kaapvaal Craton. The high δ66Zn and low δ26Mg reflect diffusion-driven Zn-Mg–isotope exchange between peridotites and the parental melts during their emplacement in the deep lithosphere. Type I eclogites have reconstructed whole-rock δ66Zn from 0.03‰ to 0.43‰ and garnet δ18O from 6‰ to 9.1‰ but show more scatter in inter-mineral Zn-isotope fractionation than Type II, reflecting incomplete equilibration during later metasomatism by carbonatitic-to-kimberlitic melts. Our evidence from multiple isotopes thus suggests that the Roberts Victor eclogites might have crystallized from deep-seated melts at mantle depths.
Clinical efficacy and safety of two concentrations of intravenous nicardipine hydrochloride for nicardipine-related phlebitis in patients with preeclampsia
Authors: Ye Fengying , Lu Qiuyun , Kong Bihua , Li Yanqiu 
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the effect of two concentrations of intravenous administration of nicardipine hydrochloride on nicardipine-related phlebitis in patients with preeclampsia. A total of 100 preeclampsia patients were administered with nicardipine hydrochloride and divided into the low-concentration (LC) and high-concentration (HC) groups. The incidence and severity of phlebitis, time from treatment to onset of phlebitis, skin temperature, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, induration, and systemic adverse reactions were compared between two groups. The incidence rate of phlebitis in the LC group was 20% (10/50), significantly lower than 42% (21/50) in the HC group (P < 0.05). Ridit Analysis showed that the severity of phlebitis in the LC group was remarkably lower than that in the HC group (P < 0.05). In the LC group, the time from intravenous administration to onset of phlebitis was longer, the average skin temperature was higher, the VAS score was lower, and the indurated area was smaller than those in the HC group (all P < 0.05). Intravenous infusion of nicardipine hydrochloride with constant and low concentration reduces the incidence rate of phlebitis, prolongs the time from treatment to onset of phlebitis, alleviates the severity of phlebitis and pain, maintains skin temperature, and minimizes induration in preeclampsia patients without systemic adverse reactions.
Possible indications for new Higgs bosons in the reach of the LHC: N2HDM and NMSSM interpretations
Authors: Biekötter T. , Grohsjean A. , Heinemeyer S. , Schwanenberger C. , Weiglein G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn several searches for additional Higgs bosons at the LHC, in particular in a CMS search exploring decays to pairs of top quarks, $$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

, and in an ATLAS search studying tau leptons, $$\tau ^+\tau ^-$$

τ
+

τ
-

, local excesses of about $$3\,\sigma $$

3

σ

standard deviations or above have been observed at a mass scale of approximately $$ 400 \,\text {GeV}$$

400

GeV

. We investigate to what extent a possible signal in these channels could be accommodated in the Next-to-Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (N2HDM) or the Next-to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). In a second step we analyze whether such a model could be compatible with both a signal at around $$400\,\text {GeV}$$

400

GeV

and $$96\,\text {GeV}$$

96

GeV

, where the latter possibility is motivated by observed excesses in searches for the $$b \bar{b}$$

b

b

¯

final state at LEP and the di-photon final state at CMS. The analysis for the N2HDM reveals that the observed excesses at $$400 \,\text {GeV}$$

400

GeV

in the $$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

and $$\tau ^+\tau ^-$$

τ
+

τ
-

channels point towards different regions of the parameter space, while one such excess and an additional Higgs boson at around $$96\,\text {GeV}$$

96

GeV

could simultaneously be accommodated. In the context of the NMSSM an experimental confirmation of a signal in the $$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

final state would favour the alignment-without-decoupling limit of the model, where the Higgs boson at $$125\,\text {GeV}$$

125

GeV

could be essentially indistinguishable from the Higgs boson of the standard model. In contrast, a signal in the $$\tau ^+\tau ^-$$

τ
+

τ
-

channel can only be accommodated outside of this limit, and parts of the investigated parameter space could be probed with Higgs signal-rate measurements at the (HL-)LHC.
Some Properties of WeakΓ-Hyperfilters in OrderedΓ-Semihypergroups
Authors: Rao Yongsheng , Chen Xiang , Kosari Saeed , Monemrad Mohammadsadegh 
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to study fundamental properties of weakΓ-hyperfilters on orderedΓ-semihypergroups that is a generalization ofΓ-hyperfilters. Also, we investigate the relationship between weakΓ-hyperfilters and primeΓ-hyperideals in orderedΓ-semihypergroups. Finally, we introduce weakm,n-Γ-hyperfilters of orderedΓ-semihypergroups and conclude in paper with arising explicit theorems.
Effects of MHD and Porosity on Jeffrey Fluid Flow with Wall Transpiration
Authors: Bajwa Sana , Ullah Saif , Al-Johani Amnah S. , Khan Ilyas , Andualem Mulugeta 
Published: February 2022

In this research work, the velocity of Jeffrey fluid flow which is unsteady in nature, over an infinite horizontal porous plate, is considered, and also, the influence of MHD and porosity on the velocity of the fluid is investigated. The major objective of this research paper is to achieve the analytical solution for the incompressible transient flow of MHD (magneto hydrodynamic) Jeffrey fluid above an accelerating porous plate. The fluid flows above the plate at

y
>
0

, and the plate is infinite in the x-direction

y
=
0

and gives an oscillatory motion. For the occurrence of both injection and suction phenomena, porous plate is used. The governing equation of the model becomes dimensionless by using the appropriate set of nondimensional variables. With the help of Laplace transformation and perturbation methods, these nondimensional differential equations of Jeffrey fluid are solved. The effects of different parameters on velocity are studied. These parameters include ω (oscillating frequency), λ1 (ratio of relaxation and retardation time), β (Jeffrey fluid parameter), γ (wall transpiration parameter), t (time), k (porosity parameter), and Ha (magnetic parameter). We found that velocity declines as we increase the values of ratio of relaxation and retardation times, Jeffrey fluid parameter, wall transpiration parameter, and magnetic parameter. The effect of time, oscillation frequency, and porosity on velocity profile is opposite as that of other parameters. We take

β
<
1

, as

β

represents perturbed parameter. Graphs are plotted for various values of these parameters with the help of Mathcad software and talk over these graphs in detail.
Epidemiological Features of COVID-19 in Makkah City: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Asghar Atif , Bamaga Majid , Khogeer Asim , El-Rahim Ibrahim Abd , Mashat Bassam , Assaggaf Hamza , Ahmed Omar 
Published: February 2022

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuing to circulate and change, affecting billions of people worldwide and leading to increased mortality rates, especially in the Holy City of Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study was aimed at investigating the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in Makkah City, KSA. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 and the association between the severity and mortality of COVID-19 with demographic factors and comorbidities. Results. Among 4,742 COVID-19 patients, the incidence rate observed in males was 66.7%, and 69.7% were from Al-Noor Specialized Hospital. The highest incidence rate (25.2%) was found in the

age

group
>
60

years

old

, followed by the age group 51-60 years (21.8%). Furthermore, the highest frequency was observed in patients from Saudi Arabia (36.8%), followed by patients from Myanmar (14.7%) and Bangladesh (9.4%). The overall frequency of COVID-19 severity and death was 20.3% and 11.6%, respectively. Body mass index analysis showed that 1% of the patients were underweight, while 9.2% were overweight and 4.4% were obese. In addition, 9.6% had diabetes, 6.9% had hypertension, 1.1% had heart disease, and 2.2% had other chronic diseases. Conclusion. The study concluded that the overall percentages of severe COVID-19 (intensive care unit) cases and deaths in Makkah City, KSA, were 20.3% and 11.6%, respectively, and there was a higher incidence in male patients. The severity of infection was shown to have a strong significant correlation with different chronic diseases, nationality, body mass index, death rate (mortality), heart disease, and length of hospital stay (

P
<
0.05

). Despite these findings, more studies are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms that influence the overall health status of patients with specific characteristics and comorbidities.
Understanding the Context for Successful City Diplomacy: Attracting International Organisations
Authors: Groen Rosa S. 
Published: February 2022

Summary
To understand the factors that contribute to successful city diplomacy, this essay explores the example of how city diplomacy is used to attract international organisations. As soon as an international organisation (IO) starts looking for a location, local networks are formed and candidate host cities are selected internally. Cities benefit from hosting IOs, not only in worldwide reputation but also in economic growth. However, cities face increased competition and need improved strategies that are informed by a better assessment of contextual factors that affect a city’s international affairs. The ways in which cities co-operate with ministries and regional government levels when attracting IOs take different shapes and can be crucial for a successful outcome. This essay acknowledges three categories of context and introduces them as relational, discursive and instrumental in scope.
Matricide as Hidden Dream Motive/Motif in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment
Authors: Johae Antony 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An interdisciplinary study of dream motivation in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, using Freud’s dream analysis as a theoretical framework for interpreting the dream motif in the novel. Following R.D.Laing, who in The Self and Others proposed Dostoevsky’s protagonist, Raskolnikov, as the victim of his mother’s duplicity, and also drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s analysis of “microdialog”, I show that the dream in which Raskolnikov re-enacts the murder of Alyona, the money-lender, is a disguise (dream symbol) for his wishing his mother dead (dream work) and that, though he never becomes conscious of it, Raskolnikov is restored to mental health only when his mother is, in reality, dead. I maintain that such a covert explanation for Raskolnikov’s crime can only be accounted for in the “hidden architecture” (Foucault) of the narrative, but that, following Freud, there may still remain obscurities which resist interpretation.
The Protest Movements’ Opportunities and Outcomes: The Euromaidan and the Belarusian Protest–2020 Compared
Authors: Minakov Mikhail 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper compares the mass protests in Ukraine (the Euromaidan of 2013–14) and Belarus–2020 in the recent decade. The author tests the hypothesis that social movements successfully challenge the ruling groups if protests are sufficiently supported by Western governments, if autocratic regimes are not strong and consolidated, and if the regional tendencies are supportive of the protesters’ cause. Based on the comparative analysis of the two cases, the author concludes that the hypothesis is in general correct for Eastern Europe, but should be more nuanced: it should pay attention to the external influences of both Western states and Russia; it should note that the strength of an autocracy may create new opportunities for the challengers; and that it should take into account the changing nature of regional tendencies, which can be of democratization, autocratization, or some mixture.
Preparation and characterization of natural rubber–based new elastomers for high-damping base isolation systems
Authors: Nobari Azar Farzad A , Karimzadeh Naghshineh Ali , Sen Murat 
Published: February 2022

Natural rubber (NR)–based vulcanizates have been used as base isolation materials for many years. Combining good damping properties, low cost, and availability with acceptable mechanical and aging performance, these materials have always been the first choice for base isolation applications. In this research, we try to formulate a natural rubber base recipe with increased damping properties, which can fulfill mechanical and aging requirements of base isolation systems. For this purpose, a series of blends have been formulated by incorporating chloroprene (CR) or butadiene (BR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) into the natural rubber base. Filler content accelerator type and vulcanization system have been chosen to optimize damping while maintaining a reference point. All vulcanizates have been tested for their mechanical properties. Moving die rheometer (MDR) and rubber process analyzer (RPA) have been used to obtain general cure data as well as storage (G′) and loss modulus and loss angle (η). Crosslink densities have been calculated using RPA and Lee and Pawlowsky’s Coran approach. Dynamic material tests have been performed to obtain dynamic shear properties, equivalent damping ratio, and shear modulus. The results indicated that NR/NBR and NR/CR compounds with viscous damping values of 10.4% and 8.9% at frequency of .5 Hz can lay bases for formulating high-damping rubber (HDR) materials for base isolation systems due to their increased damping and rather good mechanical and relaxation performance.
Relationship Between Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Brain Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Hu Chunxiao , Wu Jing , Liu Yafeng , Zhou Jiawei , Wang Wenyang , Wang Xueqin , Guo Jianqiang , Wang Qingsen , Zhang Xin , Li Danting , Xie Jun , Ding Xuansheng , Xing Yingru , Hu Dong 
Published: February 2022

Objective To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their risk of developing brain metastases after adjusting for confounding factors. Methods A retrospective observational study of the general data of patients with NSCLC diagnosed from January 2016 to December 2020. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the dominance ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for NLR and NSCLC brain metastases with subgroup analysis. Generalized summation models and smoothed curve fitting were used to identify whether there was a nonlinear relationship between them. Results In all 3 models, NLR levels were positively correlated with NSCLC brain metastasis (model 1: OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23, P = .025; model 2: OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04-1.29, P = .007; model 3: OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37, P = .006). Stratified analysis showed that this positive correlation was present in patients with adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and female patients (LUAD: OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-1.54, P = .002; female: OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.20, P = .026), while there was no significant correlation in patients with squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and male patients (LUSC: OR:0.76,95% CI:0.38- 1.53, P = .443; male: OR:1.13, 95% CI:0.95-1.33, P = .159). Conclusion This study showed that elevated levels of NLR were independently associated with an increased risk of developing brain metastases in patients with NSCLC, and that this correlation varied by TYPE and SEX, with a significant correlation in female patients and patients with LUAD.