bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in design of polymer brush functionalized inorganic nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical arena
Authors: Dutta Soumyadip , Shreyash Nehil , Satapathy Bhabani Kumar , Saha Sampa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrafting of polymer brush (assembly of polymer chains tethered to the substrate by one end) is emerging as one of the most viable approach to alter the surface of inorganic nanomaterials. Inorganic nanomaterials despite their intrinsic functional superiority, their applications remain restricted due to their incompatibility with organic or biological moieties vis‐à‐vis agglomeration issues. To overcome such a shortcoming, polymer brush modified surfaces of inorganic nanomaterials have lately proved to be of immense potential. For example, polymer brush‐modified inorganic nanomaterials can act as efficient substrates/platforms in biomedical applications, ranging from drug‐delivery to protein‐array due to their integrated advantages such as amphiphilicity, stimuli responsiveness, enhanced biocompatibility, and so on. In this review, the current state of the art related to polymer brush‐modified inorganic nanomaterials focusing, not only, on their synthetic strategies and applications in biomedical field but also the architectural influence of polymer brushes on the responsiveness properties of modified nanomaterials have comprehensively been discussed and its associated future perspective is also presented.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Near‐infrared absorbing semiconducting polymer nanomedicines for cancer therapy
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Ming , Li Jingchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a new type of organic optical nanomaterials, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have the advantages of good optical characteristics and photostability, low toxicity concerns, and relatively simple preparation processes. Particularly, near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing SPNs have shown a great promise in biomedicine. In addition to acting as nanoprobes for molecular imaging, these SPNs can produce local heat and reactive oxygen species with the stimulation of NIR light, allowing photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively. Herein, we summarize the recent development of SPN‐based nanomedicines for cancer therapy. The rational designs of SPNs for enhanced PTT, PDT, or combinational PTT/PDT to achieve effective ablation of tumor tissues are highlighted. Via loading/conjugating SPNs with other therapeutic elements (such as chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic agents), phototherapy‐combined chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be realized, which is then discussed. In especial, the constructions of SPN‐based nanomedicines for NIR photoactivatable chemotherapy and immunotherapy are introduced with representative examples. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and key concerns of SPNs for their biomedical applications and give an outlook for their future clinical translation.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Cytotoxicity of quercetin is related to mitochondrial respiration impairment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Carrillo‐Garmendia Andres , Martinez‐Ortiz Cecilia , Canizal‐Garcia Melina , González‐Hernández Juan Carlos , Arvizu‐Medrano Sofia Maria , Gracida Jorge , Madrigal‐Perez Luis Alberto , Regalado‐Gonzalez Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuercetin is a flavonol ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables that shows a potential therapeutic use in non‐transmissible chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Although this phytochemical has shown promising health benefits, the molecular mechanism behind this compound is still unclear. Interestingly, quercetin displays toxic properties against phylogenetically distant organisms such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells, suggesting that its molecular target resides on a highly conserved pathway. The cytotoxicity of quercetin could be explained by energy depletion occasioned by mitochondrial respiration impairment and its concomitant pleiotropic effect. Thereby, the molecular basis of quercetin cytotoxicity could shed light on potential molecular mechanisms associated with its health benefits. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether quercetin supplementation affects mitochondrial respiration and whether this is related to quercetin cytotoxicity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a study model to assess the effect of quercetin on energetic metabolism. Herein, we provide evidence that quercetin supplementation: (1) decreased the exponential growth of S. cerevisiae in a glucose‐dependent manner; (2) affected diauxic growth in a similar way to antimycin A (complex III inhibitor of electron transport chain); (3) suppressed the growth of S. cerevisiae cultures supplemented with non‐fermentable carbon sources (glycerol and lactate); (4) promoted a glucose‐dependent inhibition of the basal, maximal, and ATP‐linked respiration; (5) diminished complex II and IV activities. Altogether, these data indicate that quercetin disturbs mitochondrial respiration between the ubiquinone pool and cytochrome c, and this phenotype is associated with its cytotoxic properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Calcium‐Pyrazolonato Complex. Observation of In‐Situ Desolvation During Micro‐Electron Diffraction
Authors: Mies Thomas , Schürmann Christian , Ito Sho , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R. , Barrett Anthony G. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a calcium pyrazolonato complex is reported. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of single crystals revealed an octahedral geometry with two axial solvent ligands. Analysis of the bulk sample by means of microcrystal electron diffraction (micro‐ED) measurement revealed a polymeric pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry joined via a central Ca2O2 ring with axial water ligands. During the micro‐ED measurement, loss of water was observed resulting in a secondary structure with a polymeric distorted octahedral coordination geometry joined via a central Ca2O2 ring. These findings demonstrate that XRD and micro‐ED methods can provide complementary data during structural determination, and that even electrophilic metals are susceptible to desolvation under micro‐ED measurements.
Creating a Digital Marketplace for Agrobiodiversity and Plant Genetic Sequence Data: Legal and Ethical Considerations of an AI and Blockchain Based Solution
Authors: Kochupillai Mrinalini , Köninger Julia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe EU regulation on ‘Organic Production and Labelling of Organic Products’ opens the door for the creation of an EU-wide marketplace for agrobiodiversity contained in so-called “heterogeneous materials”. However, the creation of such a marketplace presupposes the existence of optimal demand and supply of agrobiodiversity, linked plant genetic sequence data and local/traditional knowledge on how best to use agrobiodiversity. Farmers’ tendency to prefer genetically uniform “high yielding” seeds and the adoption of chemical intensive farming have compromised the supply of agrobiodiversity. At the same time, regulatory regimes have disincentivized the use of agrobiodiversity in research and breeding programs, resulting in a lack of demand for agrobiodiversity. This chapter argues that these trends result from (inadvertent) inequities in existing regulatory frameworks that primarily support uni-directional data/knowledge flows from the formal sector (academia, industry) to the informal sector (farmers). We propose ways in which rapidly evolving technologies like blockchain/DLTs and AI/Machine Learning can (and should) diversify the direction of scientific research as well as of data/knowledge flows in the agricultural sector. The chapter thus provides food for thought for developing novel regulatory frameworks and ethical business models for robust digital marketplaces for agrobiodiversity for the benefit of farmers, researchers, and the environment.
Ethical and Legal Considerations in Smart Farming: A Farmer’s Perspective
Authors: Zampati Foteini 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmart farming contributes to exponential income growth, enhanced decision making, better services and products, as well as productivity and profitability. Nowadays, numerous agricultural technology providers are entering the market, focusing on aggregating farmers’ data. But many farmers, especially smallholders, do not benefit from the sharing and exchange of this data, which leaves them feeling disempowered. Until today, ethical considerations were often side-lined because gathering more data was seen as necessary, and concerns about how data might be abused or misused were only subsequently considered. However, with the increase of big data in smart farming, it is more essential than ever to focus on the ethical aspects of data governance (access, control, consent) and practices. Therefore, these ethical questions will provide valuable insights into how data is being collected and used, for what purposes, how to bridge the digital divide, and how to create transparency and build trust between stakeholders. This chapter will focus on farmers’ perspectives and how they could actively participate in a more equitable data sharing and exchange in the agri-food value chain by contributing to the design of a fairer data governance framework. The adoption of agricultural codes of conduct is the example that will be explored.
Cultivating Responsible Plant Breeding Strategies: Conceptual and Normative Commitments in Data-Intensive Agriculture
Authors: Williamson Hugh F. , Leonelli Sabina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues for the importance of considering conceptual and normative commitments when addressing questions of responsible practice in data-intensive agricultural research and development. We consider genetic gain-focused plant breeding strategies that envision a data-intensive mode of breeding in which genomic, environmental and socio-economic data are mobilised for rapid crop variety development. Focusing on socio-economic data linkage, we examine methods of product profiling and how they accommodate gendered dimensions of breeding in the field. Through a comparison with participatory breeding methods, we argue that the conceptual commitments underpinning current methods of integrating socioeconomic data into calculations of genetic gain can preclude the achievement of key social development goals, and that better engagement with participatory approaches can help address this problem. We conclude by identifying three key avenues towards a data-intensive approach to plant breeding that utilises the diverse sources of relevant evidence available, including socio-economic data, and maximises the chance of developing sustainable and responsible strategies and research practices in this domain: (1) reliable, long-term management of data infrastructures; (2) ongoing critical analysis of the conceptual foundations of specific strategies; and (3) regular transdisciplinary consultations including expertise in the social studies of agricultural science as well as participatory breeding techniques.
Theory-Ladenness as a Problem for Plant Data Linkage
Authors: Radick Gregory 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper draws upon the history of scientific studies of inheritance in Mendel’s best-remembered model organism, the garden pea, as a source of two parables – one pessimistic, the other optimistic – on the challenges of data linkage in plants. The moral of the pessimistic parable, from the era of the biometrician-Mendelian controversy, is that the problem of theory-ladenness in data sets can be a major stumbling block to making new uses of old data. The moral of the optimistic parable, from the long-run history of studies at the John Innes Centre of aberrant or “rogue” pea varieties, is that an excellent guarantor of the continued value of old data sets is the availability of the relevant physical materials – in the first instance, the plant seeds.
Managing Data in Breeding, Selection and in Practice: A Hundred Year Problem That Requires a Rapid Solution
Authors: Harrison Richard J. , Caccamo Mario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFollowing the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics, food supply pressures and the rapid expansion of crop varieties with defined performance characteristics, international systems were set up throughout the 20 C to regulate the trade of seed, the protection of intellectual property and the sale of productive varieties of key agricultural crops. These systems are a highly connected but largely linear set of processes. System changes are slow to be adopted due to the cascade of effects that structural alteration would have globally. Multi-omic technologies and the subsequent proliferation of data types used within modern breeding, offer the possibility to gain deeper insights into the performance characteristics of varieties. Current integration of data, standards and ownership structures limit their applications for wider purposes, both private and public. We explore how data within and between breeding programmes and the varietal approval and monitoring processes could be made FAIR. We examine what role expanded or aligned programmes of data collection and expanded trait evaluation at the point of varietal registration and evaluation, as well as on farm could have in ensuring the best linkage of public and private data to address some of the challenges society faces over the next 30 years with the required, rapid transition to sustainable agricultural systems.
Figuring Accompaniment: The Creation of Urban Spaciousness
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFiguring is posited as always accompaniment; something that does not discernibly alter the visual and sensual dimensions of an entity, that remains apparently aloof from its configuration, but which nevertheless prompts a reorientation of engagement; which at least raises a degree of uncertainty about what it is we are confronting in an appearance that otherwise has all the hallmarks of an integrity and coherence. Mobilizing various strands of critical Black thought, the focus here is on the urban, and how there is always something only partially used, something that remains just out of reach, or is deemed irrelevant that accompanies all that is standard operating procedure, all that are demarcated and zoned spatial arrangements. Accompaniment is a submergent infrastructure that suggests something else than what is recognized.
The Work That Figures Do
Authors: Dawney Leila 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets out a conceptual agenda for exploring the work that figures do in contemporary cultural politics. It pays attention to how figures operate as affective technologies of power by tapping into public feelings and their potential to organise alternative forms of life. It brings three writers: Donna Haraway, Erich Auerbach and Michel Foucault, whose work engages with the politics of figures and figuration, into dialogue to provide a conceptual outline for thinking about the work that figures do. This chapter further argues that adopting a critical and creative practice in relation to figures reveals their cultural and affective power in sculpting worlds: how they lure us towards particular political architectures and provide substance for alternative ways of being and relating.
The Research Persona Method: Figuring and Reconfiguring Personalised Information Flows
Authors: Bounegru Liliana , Devries Melody , Weltevrede Esther 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the prospects of assembling “research personas” as a qualitative method that uses the positionality of the researcher situated amidst algorithmically suggested content for studying how digital personalisation is produced, encountered and experienced. Building on past and ongoing digital methods projects concerning the networked flow of misinformation, disinformation and authenticity, the research persona method looks not onlyinsidebut alsoacrossalgorithms and digital methods approaches that repurpose the methods of the medium. As an immersive method that is both a product and mode of studying “figuration”, configuring research personas can show how personalisation is produced and accomplished by the interplay of various actors, devices, interfaces, infrastructures, user practices and data flows.
Data Through Time: Figuring Out the Narrative Self in Longitudinal Research
Authors: Elliott Jane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the ways in which individuals have figured within longitudinal research in the social sciences. It raises questions about the implications of the self-tracking movement, and ‘personal informatics’, for future research practices. This chapter discusses the importance of focusing on what can be considered as ‘figure’ and ‘ground’ in research and in representations of individuals’ lives. There is a focus on understanding figure and ground in temporal terms—contrasting the events and experiences that structure personal life narratives with the routines of daily life which are often almost unnoticed. This chapter draws on exemplars from Britain’s portfolio of national longitudinal studies of individuals’ lives and highlights an emerging set of methods focused on reconstructing individual cases within quantitative longitudinal research.
A fragmentation approach to jet flavor
Authors: Caletti Simone , Larkoski Andrew J. , Marzani Simone , Reichelt Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An intuitive definition of the partonic flavor of a jet in quantum chromodynamics is often only well-defined in the deep ultraviolet, where the strong force becomes a free theory and a jet consists of a single parton. However, measurements are performed in the infrared, where a jet consists of numerous particles and requires an algorithmic procedure to define their phase space boundaries. To connect these two regimes, we introduce a novel and simple partonic jet flavor definition in the infrared. We define the jet flavor to be the net flavor of the partons that lie exactly along the direction of the Winner-Take-All recombination scheme axis of the jet, which is safe to all orders under emissions of soft particles, but is not collinear safe. Collinear divergences can be absorbed into a perturbative fragmentation function that describes the evolution of the jet flavor from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The evolution equations are linear and a small modification to traditional DGLAP and we solve them to leading-logarithmic accuracy. The evolution equations exhibit fixed points in the deep infrared, we demonstrate quantitative agreement with parton shower simulations, and we present various infrared and collinear safe observables that are sensitive to this flavor definition.
The axion-photon mixing in non-linear electrodynamic scenarios
Authors: Paixão J. M. A. , Ospedal L. P. R. , Neves M. J. , Helayël-Neto J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, we re-assess some aspects of axionic electrodynamics by coupling non-linear electromagnetic effects to axion physics. We present a number of motivations to justify the coupling of the axion to the photon in terms of a general non-linear extension of the electromagnetic sector. Our emphasis in the paper relies on the investigation of the constitutive permittivity and permeability tensors, for which the axion contributes by introducing dependence on the frequency and wave vector of the propagating radiation. Also, we point out how the axion mass and the axion-photon-photon coupling constant contribute to a dispersive behavior of the electromagnetic waves, in contrast to what happens in the case of non-linear extensions, when effective refractive indices appear which depend only on the direction of the propagation with respect to the external fields. The axion changes this picture by yielding refractive indices with dependence on the wavelength. We apply our results to the special case of the (non-birefringent) Born-Infeld Electrodynamics and we show that it becomes birefringent whenever the axion is coupled. The paper is supplemented by an appendix, where we follow our own path to approach the recent discussion on a controversy in the definition of the Poynting vector of axionic electrodynamics.
Gallium Anomaly: critical view from the global picture of νe and $$ {\overline{\nu}}_e $$ disappearance
Authors: Giunti C. , Li Y. F. , Ternes C. A. , Tyagi O. , Xin Z. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The significance of the Gallium Anomaly, from the BEST, GALLEX, and SAGE radioactive source experiments, is quantified using different theoretical calculations of the neutrino detection cross section, and its explanation due to neutrino oscillations is compared with the bounds from the analyses of reactor rate and spectral ratio data, β-decay data, and solar neutrino data. In the 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing scheme, the Gallium Anomaly is in strong tension with the individual and combined bounds of these data sets. In the combined scenario with all available data, the parameter goodness of fit is below 0.042%, corresponding to a severe tension of 4–5σ, or stronger. Therefore, we conclude that one should pursue other possible solutions beyond short-baseline oscillations for the Gallium Anomaly. We also present a new global fit of νe and $$ {\overline{\nu}}_e $$

ν
¯

e

disappearance data, showing that there is a 2.6–3.3σ preference in favor of short-baseline oscillations, which is driven by an updated analysis of reactor spectral ratio data.
Apigenin attenuates LPS-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in mice via promoting mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy: role of SIRT3/PINK1/Parkin pathway
Authors: Ahmedy Omaima A. , Abdelghany Tarek M. , El-Shamarka Marwa E. A. , Khattab Mohamed A. , El-Tanbouly Dalia M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Alteration of the NAD+ metabolic pathway is proposed to be implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Apigenin, a naturally-occurring flavonoid, has been reported to maintain NAD+ levels and to preserve various metabolic functions.

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effect of apigenin on mitochondrial SIRT3 activity as a mediator through which it could modulate mitochondrial quality control and to protect against intracerebrovascular ICV/LPS-induced neurotoxicity.

Methods
Mice received apigenin (40 mg/kg; p.o) for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last dose, LPS (12 µg/kg, icv) was administered.

Results
Apigenin robustly guarded against neuronal degenerative changes and maintained a normal count of intact neurons in mice hippocampi. Consequently, it inhibited the deleterious effect of LPS on cognitive functions. Apigenin was effective in preserving the NAD+/NADH ratio to boost mitochondrial sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), activity, and ATP production. It conserved normal mitochondrial features via induction of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), along with mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and the fusion proteins, mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy-1 (OPA1). Furthermore, it increased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin expression as well as the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II/I ratio (LC3II/I) to induce degradation of unhealthy mitochondria via mitophagy.

Conclusions
These observations reveal the marked neuroprotective potential of apigenin against LPS-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of NAD+ depletion and activation of SIRT3 to maintain adequate mitochondrial homeostasis and function.

Graphical abstract