bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Childhood Pneumonia and Care Seeking Practices in Nepal: Further Analysis of 2019 Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Dharel Sunita , Shrestha Binjwala , Basel Prem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still a major public health problem in Nepal. The prevalence of ARI among under five children is 2.1percent in 2019 and many children from marginalized families suffer disproportionally and many of them die without proper care and treatment. The objective for this study was to describe the factors associated with childhood pneumonia and care-seeking practices in Nepal. Methods: This was an analytical study based on further analysis of Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019. MICS used multi-stage Probability Proportional to Size sampling for the survey. Data from 6,658 children were analyzed using SPSS 22. Chi-square test and logistics regression analysis was conducted with odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval after adjusting for confounders. Results: Children among the age group 0 to 23 months had 1.5 times higher odds of pneumonia as compared to age group 24 to 59 months (OR=1.5, CI 1.0 - 2.3) and children from rural area had 1.9 times odds of having pneumonia in comparison to urban area (AOR=1.9, CI 1.2 - 3.2). Underweight Children had 2.3 times greater odds of having pneumonia than normal weight children (AOR=2.3, CI 1.4 - 3.9). The odds of pneumonia was 2.5 higher among the children of currently smoking mothers as compared to children of non-smoker mothers (AOR=2.5, CI 1.1 – 5.7). Only one-fourth of children received treatment from public facilities. Among those who received treatment, less than half of the children did not receive appropriate treatment for pneumonia. One in ten children with pneumonia did not receive any kind of treatment at all. Conclusions: Pneumonia still kills so many children despite these deaths are preventable with simple interventions. Public health program and treatment services should be targeted to younger children, careful attention should be given to underweight children, and awareness and nutrition related activities should be focused on rural areas. Addressing inequity in access to and utilization of treatment of childhood illnesses should be prioritized by countries to avert these deaths of innocent children.
In vitro radical scavenging and in vivo anti-ulcer and analgesic activities of a metal-curcumin complex.
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Lehene Shubham , Lasnapure Bhavika , Pawar Saurav , Kandipati Divyasree , Panchal Pragati , Soni Arun , Acharya Sanjeev 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present research aimed to study the in vitro radical scavenging activity, anti-ulcer, and analgesic activity of a metal-curcumin complex (MCC) using different models in mice and rats. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay, and ABTS radical cation scavenging assay. MCC showed an effective radical scavenging activity. Trolox was used as a standard in all three assays. Radical scavenging activity was compared with curcumin, showing that MCC was a more effective radical scavenger than curcumin. The anti-ulcerogenic effect was determined using the ethanol-induced method in Sprague Dawley rats, and it showed that MCC was able to produce gastroprotection at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w). Further, we have also analyzed the analgesic potential of MCC. Analgesic activity of MCC was recorded using the hot plate method in Swiss albino mice. MCC exhibited analgesic activity at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. As a result, MCC may be beneficial in treating inflammatory illnesses.
The role of Ca 2+ signaling and InsP3R in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Pan Dan , Jiang Mengting , Tao Guoxian , Shi Jinmei , Song Zhiwei , Chen Ren , Wang Dongguo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To provide new insights for future treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), we evaluated serum Ca2+ levels and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) expression in the liver tissue of a rat ICP model. After establishing the model by injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone into pregnant rats, animals were divided into normal control and ICP model groups. Expression of InsP3R protein in liver, and serum levels of Ca2+, glycocholic acid, and bile acid were detected. InsP3R mRNA and protein expression in the ICP model group were significantly lower compared with the normal group, as measured by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that levels of glycocholic acid and bile acid were significantly higher in the ICP model group compared with the normal group, and Ca2+ levels were significantly lower. Ca2+ levels were significantly and negatively correlated with the level of glycocholic acid. The observed decrease of Ca2+ was related to the increase of total bile acid, but there was no significant correlation. Our results reveal that InsP3R expression and serum Ca2+ levels were significantly decreased in liver tissue of ICP model rats, and Ca2+ levels were negatively correlated with the level of glycocholic acid.
Evaluation of Short-Term Outcomes of Preterm Infants in Two Periods: Vermont Oxford Network Results of a Developing Country Single-Centre Level IIIC Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Experience
Authors: Yilmaz Aslan , Cebi Memnune Nur , Yilmaz Gizem , Aydin Sümeyye Nur , Erginöz Ethem , Vural Mehmet , Perk Yildiz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of infants from our level IIIC neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in two different periods. Method: In this cohort study, data from preterm infants (≤29 weeks and birth weight <1500 g) registered in the Vermont Oxford Network (VON) system were divided into two periods, the first period between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009, and the second between January 1, 2010, and December 31,2019.Results: There was no difference in the distribution of preterm infants according to their gestational age subgroups (p=0.169). Although the survival rate increased significantly in the second period (48.1% vs. 64.3%, (p<0.001), there was no difference in terms of survival without morbidity (p=0.480). Conclusion: Analysis of NICU data, through rigorous methods may provide opportunities for the development of quality improvement projects to improve the quality of health care in developing countries.
Hypoparathyroidism Retardation and Dysmorphism syndrome due to mutation in Tubulin-specific chaperone E gene as a cause of combined immune deficiency
Authors: David Odeya , Kristal Eyal , Ling Galina , Broides Arnon , Hadad Nurit , Shubinsky George , Nahum Amit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypoparathyroidism, retardation, and dysmorphism (HRD) syndrome is a disease composed of hypoparathyroidism, growth retardation, developmental delay and typical dysmorphic features, caused by Tubulin-specific chaperone E gene mutation. Many patients succumb in infancy due to overwhelming infections mainly caused by Pneumococcu s spp. Knowledge related to the immune system in these patients is scarce. Purpose: To define the immune phenotype of a cohort of HRD patients including cellular, humoral and neutrophil functions. Methods: The study included HRD patients followed at Soroka University Medical Center. Clinical and immunological data were obtained, including immunoglobulin concentrations, specific antibodies titers, lymphocytes subpopulations, lymphocyte proliferation and neutrophil functions. For detailed methods, please see the Methods section in this article's Online Repository. Results: Nine patients (5 females and 4 males) were enrolled, aged 6 months to 15 years. All received Amoxicillin prophylaxis as part of a routine established previously. Three patients had bacteremia with klebsiella , shigella spp. and Candida. Two patients had confirmed Corona Virus associated Disease 19 (COVID19), both died from this infection. All patients had normal to high IgA level, low anti- Pneumococcal antibodies, and reduced frequency of naive B cell with increased frequency of CD21 low /CD27 - B cell. All patients had abnormal T cell population's distribution, including reduced terminally differentiated effector memory CD8, inverted CD4/CD8 ratio, and poor lymphocytes mitogen induced proliferation. Neutrophil Superoxide production and chemotaxis were normal in all patients tested. Conclusion: HRD is a combined immune deficiency (CID) with severe invasive bacterial and viral infections
Effect of Surface Cleaning Process on Wafer Bonding of silicon and Pyrex Glass
Authors: Du Chao , Zhao Yali , Li Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Anodic bonding is a reliable packaging method for MEMS devices and the surface properties of wafer directly affects the bonding efficiency.Therefore, the surface treatment of the wafer to be bonded is a very necessary step.Herein,the effects of three different surface cleaning processes on the wafer surface were investigated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared experiments and anodic bonding experiments.By analysis,in the anodic bonding of the RCA solution cleaned wafer and Pyrex glass,the bonding interface can be more closely attached,the properties of this surface are the best.The anodic bonding experiments of wafer and Pyrex glasses show that the bonding current increases with the applied voltage and the bonding time decreases accordingly.This is most evident in the case of RCA cleaning.From the SEM images, as the bonding voltage increases,the bonding interface becomes more and more uniform and there are no obvious voids and voids.With the influence of strong electric field and temperature field,an irreversible chemical reaction occurs at the bonding interface and a bonding layer is formed, which is the key to the successful bonding.
DeepBend: An Interpretable Model of DNA Bendability
Authors: Khan Samin Rahman , Sakib Sadman , Rahman M. Sohel , Samee Md. Abul Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The bendability of genomic DNA impacts chromatin packaging and protein-DNA binding. However, beyond a handful of known sequence motifs, such as certain dinucleotides and poly(A)/poly(T) sequences, we do not have a comprehensive understanding of the motifs influencing DNA bendability. Recent high-throughput technologies like Loop-Seq offer an opportunity to address this gap but the lack of accurate and interpretable machine learning models still poses a significant challenge. Here we introduce DeepBend, a convolutional neural network model built as a visible neural network where we designed the convolutions to directly capture the motifs underlying DNA bendability and how their periodic occurrences or relative arrangements modulate bendability. Through extensive benchmarking on Loop-Seq data, we show that DeepBend consistently performs on par with alternative machine learning and deep learning models while giving an extra edge through mechanistic interpretations. Besides confirming the known motifs of DNA bendability, DeepBend also revealed several novel motifs and showed how the spatial patterns of motif occurrences influence bendability. DeepBend’s genome-wide prediction of bendability further showed how bendability is linked to chromatin conformation and revealed the motifs controlling bendability of topologically associated domains and their boundaries.
A collusion-resistant certificateless provable data possession scheme for shared data with user revocation
Authors: Yang Guang , Han Lidong , Bi Jingguo , Wang Fuqun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cloud storage service can provide a lot convenience for users to collect, store and share data within a group. However, there are some secure issues, one of which is that the cloud server may cheat users for a good reputation when the data is lost. A classical solution to deal with it is provable data possession (PDP) protocols. Most of PDP protocols are relied on either the public key infrastructure or identity-based cryptography. However, certificate management and key escrow issues place a significant burden on this. Furthermore, revoking the group's illegal users is a critical issue for PDP schemes. To address these problems, we put forward a certificateless PDP scheme for shared data with user revocation. Our proposed scheme not only achieves efficient user revocation but also withstands collusion attack. We also give a formal proof of security of our proposed scheme without random oracle model. Experimental results and analysis show that our scheme is quite effective in data auditing, verification, and user revocation.
Air Ionization in Self-Neutralizing Air-Breathing Plasma Thruster
Authors: Taploo Anmol , Lin Li , Keidar Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper describes an arc electron source (AES) for air ionization applications in a self-neutralizing air-breathing plasma thruster (SABPT). AES is an electron source with a prominent level of electron energy control that is required for SABPT. The mean energy of the electrons in AES is controlled by changing the grid voltage in the range of 0-300V. The Langmuir/Faraday probes were used to obtain ion/electron current, electron temperature, and electron density as a function of pressure and electron energy. Ion current measurements concerning distance from the source were obtained as a function of pressure and grid voltage. The optical emission spectroscopy was used to obtain electron temperature, spectral intensities, and ion formation rate. Additionally, a drift tube based on radial magnetic field electron confinement was designed to detect the presence of negative ions. It has been shown that both positive and negative ions can be produced thus providing conditions for SABPT.
Fabrication of polyaniline/Zinc oxide nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of methylene orange
Authors: Alardhi Saja M. , Abdalsalm Alyaa H. , Ati Ali A. , Abdulkareem Makarim H. , Ramadhan Ahmed A. , Taki Malaa M. , Abbas Zeena Yassen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polyaniline PANi/zinc oxide ZnO nanocomposite has been chemically synthesized by using formic acid. ZnO/PANi nanocomposites containing different weight content of ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 30 wt%). ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. Characteristics such as structural, morphological and absorption of the prepared nanocomposites were studied by XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV–vis spectra. X-ray diffraction of zinc oxide nanoparticles confirmed formation of hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, also the substituted zinc oxide nanoparticles in different percentage to semi-crystalline polyaniline indicating nearly the same crystalline structure of ZnO/PANi nanocomposites. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR) of ZnO nanoparticles, PANi and their composites have been analyzed in the frequency range between 400–4000 cm− 1. The characteristic FT-IR peaks of ZnO nanoparticles show shifts to lower wave numbers in all composites. These observed effects may be due to conjugation and some chemical interactions between ZnO nanoparticles and PANI molecular chain. The results confirmed that the PANI successfully grown on surface of ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles, PANI and ZnO/PANi nanocomposites were further applied to remove methylene orange dye, the effect of pH, initial dye concertation and ZnO nanoparticles dose were investigated via a batch experimental. According to the results, that the hybrid composite of ZnO/PANi increased the photo degradation of methylene orange dye molecules in aqueous solution compared with parent materials. Maximum removal efficiencies at optimum conditions were higher than 97% at pH 11, concentration of dye:10 mg/l, time equal 40 min and dose 0.1 g of PANi/ZnO.
Identifying and Addressing Challenges to Antimicrobial Use Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Experiences &amp; Lessons Learned from Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Kiggundu Reuben , Lusaya Edgar , Seni Jeremiah , Waswa JP , Kakooza Francis , Tjipura Dinah , Kikule Kate , Muiva Cecilia , Joshi Mohan P. , Stergachis Andy , Kitutu Freddy Eric , Konduri Niranjan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health security threat and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. One of the key drivers of AMR is the inappropriate use of antibiotics. A key component of improving antibiotic use is conducting antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance.
Methods
USAID Medicines Technologies and Pharmaceutical Services Program has supported the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities, including setting up systems for AMU surveillance in Tanzania and Uganda. Results from both countries have been previously published. However, additional implementation experience and lessons learned from addressing challenges to AMU surveillance have not been previously published and are the subject of this article.
Results
The team identified challenges including poor quality data, low digitalization of tools, and inadequate human resources including both financial and human resources. To address these gaps, the Program has supported the use of continuous quality improvement approaches addressing gaps in skills, providing tools, and developing guidelines to fill policy gaps in AMU surveillance. Recommendations to fill these gaps, based on the Potter and Brough systematic capacity building model have been proposed.
Conclusions
Strengthening AMU surveillance through using a capacity-building approach will fill gaps and strengthen efforts for AMR control in both countries.
Learning Single-Cell Perturbation Responses using Neural Optimal Transport
Authors: Bunne Charlotte , Stark Stefan , Gut Gabriele , Castillo Jacobo Sarabia del , Levesque Mitchell , Lehmann Kjong Van , Pelkmans Lucas , Krause Andreas , Rätsch Gunnar , *  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding and predicting molecular responses in single cells upon chemical, genetic, or mechanical perturbations is a core question in biology. Obtaining single-cell measurements typically requires the cells to be destroyed. This makes learning heterogeneous perturbation responses challenging as we only observe unpaired distributions of perturbed or nonperturbed cells. Here we leverage the theory of optimal transport and the recent advent of convex neural architectures to present CellOT, a framework for learning the response of individual cells to a given perturbation by coupling these unpaired distributions. We achieve this alignment with a learned transport map that allows us to infer the treatment responses of unseen untreated cells. CellOT outperforms current methods at predicting single-cell drug responses, as profiled by scRNA-seq and a multiplexed protein imaging technology. Further, we illustrate that CellOT generalizes well in unseen settings by (a) predicting the scRNA-seq responses of heldout lupus patients exposed to IFN-β and (b) modeling the hematopoietic developmental trajectories of different subpopulations. We expect CellOT to lay the grounds for delineating the causes of heterogeneous single-cell responses to perturbations and predicting patient-specific drug response landscapes instead of population averages.
Activity origin of atomically dispersed Fe-N-C oxygen reduction catalyst by spin state manipulation
Authors: Liu Fan , Shi Chengxiang , Pan Lun , Huang Zhen-Feng , Zhang Xiangwen , Fang Yunming , Zou Ji-Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen carbon (M-N-C) catalyst with eg = 1 are believed as very active for oxygen reduction reaction, however the activity origin of spin state manipulation is unclear. Here, using Fe-N-C as a modeled catalyst, we developed a facile approach to manipulate its spin state from low-spin to medium-spin state (FeSAC-NC, eg = 1) by utilizing the secondary coordination sphere effect of adjacent N = C-N moieties. The presence of N = C-N configurations with high electronegativity modify the degree of hybridization between Fe 3dz2, 3dxz (3dyz) and oxygen-containing intermediates π* orbitals, leading to an ideal balance between O2 activation and *OH desorption. More impressively, we found the catalysts with eg = 1 in their metal centres may show very different activity, and the magnetic moment of 3dxz + 3dyz as descriptor can accurately predict the ORR activity. Benefiting from the regulated coordination and electronic structures, the designed FeSAC-NC catalyst exhibits 3-fold mass activity and 7-fold specific activity than Pt/C, respectively.
Quality of life in pregnancy after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect guided by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Qiu Zhi-Huang , Zong Zhen-Fang , Wu Qing-Song , Xiao Jun , Chai Tian-Ci , Chen Xiao-Dong , Shen Yue , Chen Liang-Wan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated quality of life (QoL) in pregnant women who underwent transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs).Methods: A total of 45 pregnant women underwent transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous closure of ASD. We assessed QoL using the short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and compared results between preoperative and postoperative patients, as well as between those with ASD and healthy pregnant women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Results: All patients showed improved right ventricular function after operation, and had an NYHA classification of ClassⅠ. Mean SF-36 scores of the postoperative group were better on all sub-scales than those of the pre-operation group (p<0.05), with the exception of role-emotional and mental health. Mean scores for the preoperative group were also lower on all sub-scales than those of healthy pregnant controls (p<0.05), with the exception of role-physical, role-emotional, and mental health. There was no difference between the postoperative group and healthy pregnant controls. In a subgroup analysis, scores were better in some dimensions (social functioning, and role-emotional) for post-operative patients in the 31-40 years of age group and the group on their second or third pregnancies than those of the 20-30 years of age group and the group on their first pregnancies (p<0.05).Conclusion: After closure of ASD, QoL in pregnant women was improved. In a subgroup analysis, the younger women and those on their first pregnancy performed more poorly in some dimensions. This suggested that these groups should receive more proactive intervention.
Retroperitoneal malignant solitary fibrous tumor with two recurrences and lymphatic metastases：a case report
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Shiqiang , Wang Lihua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor in the retroperitoneum is rare. We report a 67-year-old male with retroperitoneal malignant solitary fibrous tumor for more than 10 years, which recurred the second time accompanied by lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis. Computed tomography scanned multiple retroperitoneal masses and the tumor was widely implanted in the abdominal cavity. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of short spindle cells, lining up sparse and dense areas. Mitotic figures were noted generally 6–8 per 10 high power fields (HPF) with local necrosis. The tumor invaded the circumferential liver, intestines, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Combined with the immunohistochemical results, it was diagnosed as malignant solitary fibrous tumor, growing up again just two months after the latest surgery. Retroperitoneal malignant solitary fibrous tumors with repeated relapses, infiltrative growth and lymphatic metastasis suggest the need for careful and long follow-up.