bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analysis and in-vitro anti-mycobacterial evaluation of allspice
Authors: Komala Vipul Vishwanath Dhasade M. 
Published: July 2022

Phytochemical study of plant products has gained popularity in both plant biochemistry and organic chemistry in recent years. One of the current issues in phytochemistry is carrying out all of the above operations with little amounts of material. Pimenta dioica Linn, often called as "All-spice," contains a number of secondary metabolites with medicinal potential. This study examines the key phytochemicals found in the leaves of the medicinally important plant Pimenta dioica on a qualitative and quantitative level. The goal of this study is to evaluate phytochemicals by analysing diverse extracts quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantification and phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. In addition, the study found that an ethanolic extract of leaves extract was more effective against mycobacterium tuberculin. A microplate-based Alamar blue assay has been applied to search for novel antimicrobials to treat tuberculosis from phytochemicals in Pimenta dioica.
A novel gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex improves anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of gedunin in rodents
Authors: Ologe Mary Olufunmilayo 
Published: July 2022

Gedunin is a bioactive compound, obtained from Entandrophragma angolense (EA), which has limited therapeutic usefulness due to poor aqueous solubility and first-pass effects. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that form complexes with poorly soluble compounds, thus enhancing their pharmacological activity. In this article, we evaluated the pharmacological activities of gedunin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex (GCD) in rodents. The antinociceptive activity of GCD (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and Gedunin (50mg/kg) was tested in acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw licking in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema and air pouch inflammation models in rats. Leucocytes counts, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities were assessed in the air pouch exudate. The GCD (200mg/kg) significantly decreased writhing response, reduced licking duration and decreased oedema compared with gedunin and control. Exudate volume and leucocyte count were significantly reduced by GCD (200 mg/kg), it decreased myeloperoxidase activity and inhibited TNF-α release. The carrageenan-induced GSH depletion, increased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels were significantly reversed by GCD (200 mg/kg) relative to gedunin and control. The GCD complex demonstrated significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities relative to gedunin alone via mechanisms associated with inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in rodents
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents neuronal overexpression of amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein in Drosophila melanogaster genetic models of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ishola Ismail , Afolayan Olasunmbo , Badru Adedeji , Olubodun-obadun Taiwo , John Nkechi , Adeyemi Olufunmilayo 
Published: July 2022

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of selective neurons in discreet part of the brain. The peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) plays significant role in hippocampal and striatal neurons degeneration through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Blockade of the angiotensin converting enzyme or ATI receptors provides protection in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of captopril was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster model using the UAS-GAL4 system to express the synuclein and Aβ42 peptide in the flies’ neurons.
Methods: The disease causing human Aβ42 peptide or α-syn was expressed pan-neuronally (elav-GAL4) or dopamine neuron (DDC-GAL4) using the UAS-GAL4 system. Flies were either grown in food media with or without captopril (1, 5, or 10µM). This was followed by fecundity, larva motility, negative geotaxis assay (climbing) and lifespan as a measure of neurodegeneration.
Results: Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies displayed significant decrease in larva motility when compared with normal control (w1118) which was reversed by the supplementation of the media with captopril (5 or 10 mM) indicative of neuroprotection. Interestingly, supplementation of flies’ media with captopril improved climbing activity in Elav-Gal4<Aβ or DDC-GAL4<α-syn flies when compared with vehicle treated only. Moreover, flies grown on captopril caused no significant change in lifespan.
Conclusion: Findings from this study confirmed the neuroprotective action of captopril in genetic or familial forms of neurodegeneration.
Air Pollution Trend and Variation during a Mega Festival of Firecrackers (Diwali) in Context to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khan Tahmeena , Lawrence Alfred , Dwivedi Samridhi , Arif Saima , Dwivedi Shrishti , Upadhyay Astha , Abraham Akriti , Roberts Venessa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted in Lucknow city to assess the impact of firecracker burning during Diwali, from 2 November 2021–6 November 2021 including the pre and post-Diwali days. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, benzene and toluene, were monitored from the Central Pollution Control Board site on an hourly basis. The Air Quality Index was also recorded for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2. A questionnaire survey was done with 51 doctors to know the reported complaints post-Diwali. On Diwali night the PM2.5 value reached 262 µg m−3 around 22:00 hours and the maximum value (900 µg m−3) was obtained on 5 November, reported from the Central School monitoring station. From Gomti Nagar highest PM2.5 value obtained on Diwali day was 538 µg m−3 at 23:00 hours reaching 519 µg m−3 post-Diwali. Areas belonging to the old part of the city witnessed higher variations as PM2.5 crossed 900 µg m−3, in Lalbagh and Talkatora areas. The multivariate analysis showed that on Diwali night there was an increase of 204, 386, 344 and 341 in the PM2.5 concentration reported from Gomtinagar, Central School, Talkatora and Lalbagh stations, showing that firecracker burning resulted in a significant increase in air pollution. The Toluene/Benzene ratio was mostly more than 1 indicating that toluene and benzene may be emitted from other sources as well including the mobile sources. Around 50–75% rise was seen in the number of patients post-Diwali. 57.1% of the reported cases had respiratory issues, followed by allergic reactions. The data obtained from Lalbagh, Talkatora and Central School showed that although the values remained high, a decreasing trend was seen in the AQI compared to previous years which is a good sign and may be attributed to public awareness and the ongoing pandemic making people conscious.
Growth kinetics of Bacillus subtilis (Bal3) for production of cellulolytic crudes used in the bioethanol production industry
Authors: Salvador Pinos Carmen , Pérez Navarro Omar , Albernas Carvajal Yailet , Mesa Garriga Leyanis , Jácome Navarrete Juan , González Suárez Erenio 
Published: July 2022

Biotechnologically manageable microbiota that can produce enzyme complexes of interest is a thriving research field. After careful collection and laboratory culture, the microorganisms can develop hydrolysis and fermentation processes in bioreactors. Kinetic models for their growth are applied, being the most used those of Monod, Moser, Blackman and Powell, which combine mathematical models and experimental work.
The objective of this study was to determine the kinetic behavior of Bacillus subtilis (Bal3) to size the equipment needed to obtain enough amount of enzimes to produce 500 hl of ethanol at 70% per day. A medium composed of 60 g of sugarcane bagasse and 350 ml of whey in 1L of water with 0.02 g of inoculum was placed in a 2L Bioflo/CelliGen 115 bioreactor for 130 h at 20° C and 150 rpm. The pH ranged from 6.8 (start) to 5.8 (end). A biomass-substrate yield of 19.34% and a biomass productivity of 0.048 g/L per hour were obtained. With the kinetic models of Velhurs-Pearl, Pirt and Luedeking-Piret, the mass balance was performed and the equipment volume was calculated. Monod's model was considered to adequately represent the growth behavior of the bacteria.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT DELAY (STUDI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2018-2020)
Authors: Dwi  
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Ukuran perusahaan, Reputasi KAP dan Solvabilitas terhadap Audit Delay pada perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode tahun 2018 – 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan. Teknik penentuan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan hasil sampel 22 perusahaan. Analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara simultan Ukuran Perusahaan, Reputasi KAP dan Solvabilitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Audit Delay. Secara parsial Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Audit Delay, Solvabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Audit Delay sedangkan Reputasi KAP pengaruh terhadap Audit Delay.
EFECTO DE BIOESTIMULANTES EN EL CRECIMIENTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS FOLIARES Y DENSIDAD POBLACIONAL DE Bemisia tabaci EN CHILE HABANERO (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Esaú , Chan-Escalante Zaci Felicia , Ballina-Gómez Horacio Salomón , Fernández-Herrera María Antonieta , Góngora-Gamboa Cristian De Jesús 
Published: July 2022

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The use of biostimulants is an alternative to improve the growth and productivity of horticultural crops. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate the effect of three biostimulants (seaweed extracts, humic acids and amino acids) on the plant growth, foliar characteristics, and population density of <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> in habanero pepper plants (<em>Capsicum chinense</em>). <strong>Methodology.</strong> The biostimulants were applied to the plant growth substrate in seedling and in pot plants. The response variables were plant growth, leaf thickness and toughness, leaf area and population density of <em>B. tabaci</em>. <strong>Results.</strong> Humic acids promoted the number of leaves and stem thickness in seedlings. The thickness of the leaves was stimulated by seaweed extract and humic acids and the leaf area by amino acids. The biostimulants had no effect on the response of the plants to the population density of <em>B. tabaci</em>. <strong>Implication.</strong> The use of biostimulants in habanero pepper plants could enhance plant growth in specific growth phases. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The use of biostimulants in habanero pepper plants did not show consistent effects on plant growth promotion in habanero pepper. There were no effects of the biostimulants on the induction of plant defense to <em>B. tabaci</em> in habanero pepper. </p>
EFECTO DEL ACOLCHADO PLÁSTICO Y LOMBRICOMPOSTA SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA DE HONGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EN Cucurbita pepo L.
Authors: Lara-Capistrán Liliana , Ledea-Rodríguez José Leonardo , Zulueta-Rodríguez Ramón , Ávila-Quezada Graciela Dolores , Gómez-Meriño Fernando Carlos , Hernandez-Montiel Luis Guillermo 
Published: July 2022

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vermicompost provides nutrients and increases the biological activity of the soil, while the mulch provides humidity and regulates the temperature by modeling its biological activity, and influences the morphology of the plants, however, studies on the effects of use are scarce. combination of vermicompost and padding in mycorrhizal functionality. <strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of plastic mulch and vermicompost on the colonizing potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Italian squash (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em> L. cv. 'Grey Zucchini') during winter-spring (W-S) and autumn-summer (A-S) cycles, in the field<strong>. Methodology: </strong>The study was developed in a block design of fixed effects in factorial arrangement with three repetitions to know the effect of the second-degree interaction between the factors: padding color, climatic period and fertilization variant on the colonizing activity of AMF and morphology foliar of <em>C. pepo</em>. A principal component analysis (PCA) was developed to know the contribution and relationship of the variables of chemical composition of the soil and vermicompost within each climatic period, on the colonizing activity of AMF in a cultivation system with padding. <strong>Results: </strong>The PCA showed in the W-S period effects due to the use of mulch in colonization by arbuscules (-0.84), while the contributions of vermicompost favored colonization by hyphae (0.95). In A-S, the colonization by hyphae was affected (-0.82) by the plastic padding, but the use of vermicompost, favored the colonization by vesicles (0.87) and arbuscules (0.97). <strong>Implications: </strong>The present study contributes to a better understanding of the mulch-activity relationship of AMF and mulch-crop under fertilization variants, being considered useful for the improvement of the production systems of <em>C. peppo</em> with the use of mulch and its effect on the biological performance of AMF. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is concluded that the effect of mulch on the biological activity of AMF varies by the climatic season in which it is used, likewise the use of mulch in A-S does not favor the biological activity of AMF, nor foliar development of the <em>C. pepo</em>.</p>
Pathology Education Powered by Virtual and Digital Transformation: Now and the Future
Authors: Hassell Lewis A. , Absar Syeda Fatima , Chauhan Chhavi , Dintzis Suzanne , Farver Carol F. , Fathima Samreen , Glassy Eric F. , Goldstein Jeffery A. , Gullapalli Rama , Ho Jonhan , Koch Lisa K. , Madory James E. , Mirza Kamran M. , Nguyen Phuong Nhat , Pantanowitz Liron , Parwani Anil , Rojansky Rebecca , Seifert Robert P. , Singh Rajendra , ElGabry Ehab A. , Bui Marilyn 
Published: July 2022

Context.—Myriad forces are changing teaching and learning strategies throughout all stages and types of pathology education. Pathology educators and learners face the challenge of adapting to and adopting new methods and tools. The digital pathology transformation and the associated educational ecosystem are major factors in this setting of change.Objective.—To identify and collect resources, tools, and examples of educational innovations involving digital pathology that are valuable to pathology learners and teachers at each phase of professional development.Data Sources.—Sources were a literature review and the personal experience of authors and educators.Conclusions.—High-quality digital pathology tools and resources have permeated all the major niches within anatomic pathology and are increasingly well applied to clinical pathology for learners at all levels. Coupled with other virtual tools, the training landscape in pathology is highly enriched and much more accessible than in the past. Digital pathology is well suited to the demands of peer-to-peer education, such as in the introduction of new testing, grading, or other standardized practices. We found that digital pathology was well adapted to apply our current understanding of optimal teaching strategies and was effective at the undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate, and peer-to-peer levels. We curated and tabulated many existing resources within some segments of pathology. We identified several best practices for each training or educational stage based on current materials and proposed high-priority areas for potential future development.
The fast calibration model for dosimetry with an electronic portal imaging device
Authors: Schade Stephanie , Engenhart‐Cabillic Rita , Zink Klemens , Czarnecki Damian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to develop an algorithm that corrects the image of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) of a linear accelerator so that it can be used for dosimetric purposes, such as in vivo dosimetry or quality assurance for photon radiotherapy. For that purpose, the impact of the field size, phantom thickness, and the varying spectral photon distribution within the irradiation field on the EPID image was investigated.MethodsThe EPID measurements were verified using reference measurements with ionization chambers. Therefore, absolute dose measurements with an ionization chamber and relative dose measurements with a detector array were performed. An EPID calibration and correction algorithm was developed to convert the EPID image to a dose distribution. The algorithm was validated by irradiating inhomogeneous phantoms using square fields as well as irregular IMRT fields.ResultsIt was possible to correct the influence of the field size, phantom thickness on the EPID signal as well as the homogenization of the image profile by several correction factors within 0.6%. A gamma index analysis (3%, 3 mm) of IMRT fields showed a pass rate of above 99%, when comparing to the planning system.ConclusionThe developed algorithm enables an online dose measurement with the EPID during the radiation treatment. The algorithm is characterized by a robust, non‐iterative, and thus real‐time capable procedure with little measuring effort and does not depend on system‐specific parameters. The EPID image is corrected by multiplying three independent correction factors. Therefore, it can easily be extent by further correction factors for other influencing variables, so it can be transferred to other linear accelerators and EPID configurations.
Robust and Flexible 3D Photothermal Evaporator with Heat Storage for High‐Performance Solar‐Driven Evaporation
Authors: Liang Yunzheng , Guo Jiacheng , Li Jing‐Jing , Mao Jian , Xie An‐Quan , Zhu Liangliang , Chen Su 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial steam generation serves as an alternative strategy to alleviate the emergency of the global freshwater shortage. Compared to traditional 2D evaporators, 3D evaporators have drawn further attention for their excellent evaporation performance. However, large volume 3D evaporators suffer from problems related to higher vulnerability to damage and less portable storage. Worse still, 3D evaporators equally behave poorly in dark conditions. Herein, a robust and flexible 3D hydrogel/fiber evaporator mounted with solid–solid phase change materials (SPCMs) for efficient photothermal desalination is reported. The hydrogel fills the spaces of fibers and not only forms a topology‐like structure to strengthen the sunlight absorption (≈0.1% optical transmittance and ≈10% reflectance), but also reinforces the mechanical strength and elasticity of the evaporator (≈4 MPa tensile strength and ≈23 MPa Young's modulus). Notably, highly thermally‐conductive SPCMs fulfill a dual function under light‐dark conditions, facilitating a 3D evaporator for absorbing energy from high‐temperature environment under daylight, and releasing latent heat to sustain evaporation when light is turned off, ultimately achieving evaporation rates of 3.80 and 0.31 kg m–2 h–1 under different conditions. Such a durable 3D hydrogel/fiber evaporator with dramatic evaporation performance opens up promising prospects for freshwater production in remote areas.
Skin‐Inspired Thermoreceptors‐Based Electronic Skin for Biomimicking Thermal Pain Reflexes
Authors: Neto João , Chirila Radu , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectronic systems possessing skin‐like morphology and functionalities (electronic skins [e‐skins]) have attracted considerable attention in recent years to provide sensory or haptic feedback in growing areas such as robotics, prosthetics, and interactive systems. However, the main focus thus far has been on the distributed pressure or force sensors. Herein a thermoreceptive e‐skin with biological systems like functionality is presented. The soft, distributed, and highly sensitive miniaturized (≈700 µm2) artificial thermoreceptors (ATRs) in the e‐skin are developed using an innovative fabrication route that involves dielectrophoretic assembly of oriented vanadium pentoxide nanowires at defined locations and high‐resolution electrohydrodynamic printing. Inspired from the skin morphology, the ATRs are embedded in a thermally insulating soft nanosilica/epoxy polymeric layer and yet they exhibit excellent thermal sensitivity (−1.1 ± 0.3% °C−1), fast response (≈1s), exceptional stability (negligible hysteresis for >5 h operation), and mechanical durability (up to 10 000 bending and twisting loading cycles). Finally, the developed e‐skin is integrated on the fingertip of a robotic hand and a biological system like reflex is demonstrated in response to temperature stimuli via localized learning at the hardware level.
Fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols composition in seed oil extracts from four moroccan ecotypes of Ceratonia siliqua L.
Authors: Yatim Meriem , El Kahkahi Rahal , El‐Askri Taoufik , El Oirdi Samia , Benhnini Fouad , El Yaacoubi Adnane , Mouhajir Abdelmounaim , Amechrouq Ali , Rahou Abdelilah , Hafidi Majida , Zouhair Rachid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMorphological characterization was investigated by agro‐morphological criteria related to carob seed size in four different moroccan regions collected in 2018 and 2019. There was no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) on the seeds lengths and widths. However, a significant difference between seeds thickness and total seeds weight per pod (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between these four populations. The fatty acid, sterol, tocopherol, hydrocarbon, and the unoxygenated composition of carob seed extracts (Ceratonia siliqua L.) were studied. The mean fat yield of the seeds obtained is 1.53%–2.17%, 2.14%–2.15%, 1.61%–1.62%, 1.71%–1.75% for, respectively, the P1 (Meknes), P2 (Fez), P3 (Khemisset), and P4 (Marrakech) in 2018 and 2019. The seed oil was extracted with hexane and the analysis of the fatty fraction was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results show that the major fatty acids for 2018 and 2019 are linoleic acid (61.48%–61.52%, 52.12%–52.14%, 57.76%–58.15%, 61.33%–61.52%), palmitic acid (15.78%–15.81%, 16.44%–16.45%, 19.11%–18.37%, 20.24%–20.32%), oleic acid (11.03%–11.04%, 8.72%–8.82%, 8.51%–8.61%, 8.41%–8.53%), stearic acid (4.35%–3.14%, 5.40%–5.43%, 3.12%–3.13%, 0.96%–1.56%), and cerotic acid (0.62%–0.53%, 4.51%–4.52%, 4.03%–4.06%, 3.84%–3.87%). The unsaturated fatty acids (69.39% in 2018 and 69.68% in 2019) are the most dominant in the four seed extracts compared to the saturated fatty acids. In addition, the oil carob seeds analysis revealed the presence of γ‐tocopherol, α‐tocopherol and four sterols that included campesterol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol. Moreover, the determination of hydrocarbon and un‐oxygenated compounds confirmed the existence of major compounds such as heptadecane, 2‐methyltriacontane, 1‐iodo hexadecane and 1‐iodo octadecane. The hierarchical analysis based on the morphological and chromatographic characterization of the seeds allowed the identification of three groups. Consequently, the first group consisted of populations from Marrakesh (P4) and Khemisset (P3), the second group consisted of the P1 from Meknes, and the P2 from Fez constituted the third group.