bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A UNIVERSAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STANDARD BOREL SPACES
Authors: CHEN RUIYUAN 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove that the category
$\mathsf {SBor}$
of standard Borel spaces is the (bi-)initial object in the 2-category of countably complete Boolean (countably) extensive categories. This means that
$\mathsf {SBor}$
is the universal category admitting some familiar algebraic operations of countable arity (e.g., countable products and unions) obeying some simple compatibility conditions (e.g., products distribute over disjoint unions). More generally, for any infinite regular cardinal
$\kappa $
, the dual of the category
$\kappa \mathsf {Bool}_{\kappa }$
of
$\kappa $
-presented
$\kappa $
-complete Boolean algebras is (bi-)initial in the 2-category of
$\kappa $
-complete Boolean (
$\kappa $
-)extensive categories.
The Fiscal State in Africa: Evidence from a Century of Growth
Authors: Albers Thilo N.H. , Jerven Morten , Suesse Marvin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhat is the level of state capacity in developing countries today, and what have been its drivers over the past century? We construct a comprehensive new data set of tax and revenue collection for forty-six African polities from 1900 to 2015. Our data show that polities in Africa have been characterized by strong growth in fiscal capacity on average, but that substantial heterogeneity exists. The empirical analysis reveals that canonical state-building factors such as democratic institutions and interstate warfare have limited power to explain these divergent growth paths. On the other hand, accounting for the relationship between African polities and the international environment—through the availability of external finance and the legacy of colonialism—is key to understanding their differing investments in fiscal capacity. These insights add important nuances to established theories of state building. Not only can the availability of external finance deter investment in fiscal capacity, but it also moderates the efficacy of canonical state-building factors.
Incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus for vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review
Authors: Sooby P , Huang X , Kontorinis G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus is a highly sensitive and specific way to diagnose vestibular schwannoma. However, the rate of incidental findings with this method is believed to be high and can lead to increased patient anxiety and health interventions with unclear benefit.MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify incidental findings from magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus; 12 studies were identified for inclusion within this review.ResultsA total of 10 666 patients were included within the review. The overall rate of diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma was 0.87 per cent; 21 per cent of the study population had incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus, and 9.56 per cent had clinically significant incidental findings.ConclusionStandardised pre-scan counselling may mitigate the risks of overdiagnosis, but future work should be undertaken to assess the benefits of such a strategy as well as the exact significance of some incidental findings.
Who Eats What, When and Where: A Qualitative Analysis of Gastronomic Behavior in Metropolitan New Orleans
Authors: Chubbuck James H. , Renwick Edward F. 
Published: December 2022

Huey Long once described himself as sui generis. In the galaxy of American cities: New Orleans fits the same description. There is no other place like it — from the mania and madness of Bourbon Street on Mardi Gras, to the unbelievably hot, humid afternoons of late summer dozing on a bene in Jackson Square or watching the sails move in and out of the Lake Ponchartrain haze.New Orleans is a city for the senses. The sight of a worn-out streetcar still clanking along under the oak trees of St. Charles Avenue. The smell of beer and whiskey and urine being washed down in the French Quarter by the 5 a.m. street cleaner. The moaning sound of a clarinet as it reaches out for “Just a Closer Walk With Thee.” And the taste of some of the best restaurant cooking in the country.New Orleans also is a city par excellence of politics and politicians. Its political intrigues and range of personalities challenge the imagination. Louisiana has been described as the “westernmost of Arab States,” with New Orleans as its capitol. The zest and intensity with which the game of politics is played even overwhelms the natives from time to time.
MIND your language(s): Recognizing Minority, Indigenous, Non-standard(ized), and Dialect variety usage in “monolinguals”
Authors: Kirk Neil W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile Psychology research in general has been criticized for oversampling from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations, Psycholinguistics has a problem with conducting a large amount of research on a relatively small number of languages. Yet even within WEIRD environments, the experiences of speakers of Minority, Indigenous, Non-standard(ized), and Dialect (MIND) varieties are not always captured alongside their use of a more prestigious standard language.This position piece will provide a case study of one such variety: Scots, a Germanic variety spoken in Scotland, which is often considered “bad English.” However, its speakers display cognitive characteristics of bilingualism despite often regarding themselves as monolingual due to sociolinguistic factors. Such factors include social prestige and language ideology, as well as linguistic distance. In doing so, this paper introduces a new acronym encouraging researchers to MIND their language – by developing more inclusive ways of capturing the linguistic experiences of MIND speakers, to move away from binary distinctions of “bilingual” and “monolingual,” and to recognize that not all varieties are afforded the status of language, nor do many multilinguals consider themselves as anything other than monolingual.
The bunkbed conjecture holds in the limit
Authors: Hutchcroft Tom , Kent Alexander , Nizić-Nikolac Petar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet
$G=(V,E)$
be a countable graph. The Bunkbed graph of
$G$
is the product graph
$G \times K_2$
, which has vertex set
$V\times \{0,1\}$
with “horizontal” edges inherited from
$G$
and additional “vertical” edges connecting
$(w,0)$
and
$(w,1)$
for each
$w \in V$
. Kasteleyn’s Bunkbed conjecture states that for each
$u,v \in V$
and
$p\in [0,1]$
, the vertex
$(u,0)$
is at least as likely to be connected to
$(v,0)$
as to
$(v,1)$
under Bernoulli-
$p$
bond percolation on the bunkbed graph. We prove that the conjecture holds in the
$p \uparrow 1$
limit in the sense that for each finite graph
$G$
there exists
$\varepsilon (G)\gt 0$
such that the bunkbed conjecture holds for
$p \geqslant 1-\varepsilon (G)$
.
The role of drought during the Hunnic incursions into central-east Europe in the 4th and 5th c. CE
Authors: Hakenbeck Susanne E. , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Hunnic incursions into eastern and central Europe in the 4th and 5th c. CE have historically been considered one of the key factors in bringing the Roman Empire to an end. However, both the origins of the Huns and their impact on the late Roman provinces remain poorly understood. Here we provide a new, combined assessment of the archaeological, historical, and environmental evidence. Hunnic raids and warfare within the Roman provinces are most intensely attested for the first half of the 5th c. We propose that severe drought spells in the 430s to 450s CE disrupted the economic organization of the incomers and local provincial populations, requiring both to adopt strategies to buffer against economic challenges. We argue that the Huns’ apparently inexplicable violence may have been one strategy for coping with climatic extremes within a wider context of the social and economic changes that occurred at the time.
Role of Thermal Tides and Gravity Waves in Mars Equatorial Mesospheric Cloud Formation Revealed by Mars Climate Sounder Observations
Authors: Slipski M. , Kleinböhl A. , Kass D. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMesospheric CO2‐ice clouds form in one of the coldest regions of Mars's atmosphere, but to date links between the broader thermal structure, dynamical phenomena, and the global and seasonal structure of mesospheric clouds have been tentative due to a limited sample of cloud observations. Combining a comprehensive set of cloud identifications and temperature observations from the Mars Climate Sounder onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, we demonstrate for the first time that the spatial distribution and seasonal evolution—including the well‐known yet unexplained solstitial pause—of the aphelion mesospheric cloud population are governed by the interplay of thermal tides and gravity waves. In addition, we present the first investigation of the nighttime cloud distribution and our approach successfully explains the observed day‐to‐night differences. The significant day‐to‐night variability in observed cloud occurrence rates and likelihoods of subcondensation temperatures point toward larger nighttime particle sizes possibly due to more favorable growth conditions.
Love Wave Tomography of the United States
Authors: Hariharan Anant , Dalton Colleen A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLove wave phase velocity maps provide essential constraints on radial anisotropy and deformation in the crust and upper mantle. However, the phenomenon of overtone interference causes scatter and systematic bias in the velocity measurements and impedes efforts to image small‐scale anisotropic variations. We develop an approach for identifying Love wave measurements that are biased by overtone interference, demonstrate its efficacy with EarthScope USArray data, and determine the first earthquake‐derived Love wave phase velocity maps for the entire conterminous U.S. in the period range 35–75 s. We show that radial anisotropy in parts of the crust and most of the lithospheric mantle is necessary to reconcile these maps with Rayleigh wave phase velocities. Our results convey the impact and geographic variability of overtone interference, offer an easy‐to‐implement method to ameliorate this impact, and present high‐resolution constraints on radial anisotropy beneath North America.
Radar Attenuation in the Shallow Martian Subsurface: RIMFAX Time‐Frequency Analysis and Constant‐Q Characterization Over Jezero Crater Floor
Authors: Eide Sigurd , Casademont Titus M. , Berger Tor , Dypvik Henning , Shoemaker Emileigh S. , Hamran Svein‐Erik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAttenuation of radar waves in the subsurface can be quantified with a constant‐Q approximation through time‐frequency analysis. We implement the centroid frequency‐shift method and study Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Exploration (RIMFAX) data acquired along the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover traverse. Attenuation is among key media properties, but quantified estimates need to account for instrument characteristics and limitations in the analysis technique. We ensure accurate constant‐Q characterization and present the first estimates of radar attenuation in the upper 5 m of the shallow Martian subsurface. Over Jezero Crater Floor, constant‐Q is on average 70.4 ± 7.7, which equals an attenuation of −2.6 ± 0.3 dB/m at RIMFAX’ 675 MHz center frequency. Regions comprising the Máaz or Séítah formations have similar attenuation properties that are consistent with magmatic lithologies.
Underthrusting and Pure Shear Mechanisms Dominate the Crustal Deformation Beneath the Core of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis as Inferred From High‐Resolution Receiver Function Imaging
Authors: Xu Qiang , Ding Lin , Pei Shunping , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhao Junmeng , Liu Hongbing , Liu Hanlin , Li Lei , Zuo Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow the crust in the core of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) deforms responding to the India‐Asia collision remains ambiguous. Here we present the first high‐resolution receiver functions image of crustal structure along a new NW‐SE trending dense nodal array crossing the core of the EHS. Two sets of low velocity zones (LVZs) are clearly observed: one with a flat style beneath the western Lhasa terrane and Higher Himalaya at 18–20 km depth and the other with two west‐dipping shapes below the western Yarlung‐Zangbo suture within 10–30 km depth. These LVZs caused by partial melting and aqueous fluids are disconnected, impeding the formation of crustal flow. A discontinuous east‐dipping intra‐crustal discontinuity and a sharp Moho offset of 7 km under the Aniqiao‐Motuo shear zone are identified, suggesting that the underthrusting of the Indian lower crust and pure shear mechanisms jointly dominate crustal deformation in the core of the EHS.
A Complete Map of Fine‐Scale Slip Rate Distribution and Earthquake Potential Along the Haiyuan Fault System
Authors: Huang Zicheng , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe use Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations to derive the first complete map of slip‐rate distribution at km‐scale along the 1,000‐km‐long Haiyuan fault system, and further to analyze its earthquake potential. Rate distribution reveals four highly locked asperities (slip rate <1 mm/yr) and three creeping regions (slip rate ranges from 2 to 5 mm/yr) at depths of 0–20 km. Based on the rate distribution, we estimate seismic moment accumulation rate, and by combining historical earthquake records, we calculate the moment deficits on each fault segment. Results show that many fault segments have accumulated a seismic moment that equates to an Mw > 7.0 earthquake. The westernmost fault segment has been rarely mentioned in previous studies, but our calculations show evidently that it is capable of producing Mw > 7.0 earthquakes given the high seismic moment accumulation rate and a lack of small‐to‐moderate earthquakes.
Prostate-specific antigen response and clinical progression-free survival in Black and White men with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide in a real-world setting
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Hong Agnes , El-Chaar Nader , Murty Sharanya , Ramaswamy Krishnan , Coutinho Anna D. , Nimke David , Morgans Alicia K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In the United States, Black men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer (PC)-related mortality than men of other races. Several real-world studies in advanced PC suggest, however, that Black men respond better to novel hormonal therapies than White men. Data on treatment responses to enzalutamide by race are limited. We assessed real-world prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and clinical progression-free survival (cPFS) of Black vs. White men with chemotherapy-naïve PC treated with enzalutamide.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with PC who initiated enzalutamide treatment from 2014 to 2018 in the IntrinsiQ Specialty Solutions™ database, a collection of electronic medical records from community urology practices. Index date was the date of the first prescription for enzalutamide, used as a proxy for metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Patients who had undergone chemotherapy and/or abiraterone therapy were excluded. Kaplan–Meier and Cox models adjusted for baseline characteristics were used to estimate PSA response and cPFS by race.

Results
The study included 214 Black and 1332 White men with chemotherapy-naïve PC presumed to have mCRPC based on the enzalutamide indication during the study period. Black men were younger and had higher baseline median PSA levels than White men. Enzalutamide therapy duration, follow-up time, and number of post-index PSA tests were similar between races. In multivariable analyses, the risk of patients achieving a ≥ 50% PSA decline was similar, whereas a numerically higher trend of ≥90% PSA decline was observed in Black men (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.93–1.62 [P = 0.14]). In the multivariable analysis, Black men had significantly better cPFS (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68–0.98 [P = 0.03]).

Conclusions
Black and White men with presumed chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC had similar PSA responses when treated with enzalutamide, but Black men had better cPFS than White men. Further research is warranted to validate these findings.
Thermal-inert and ohmic-contact interface for high performance half-Heusler based thermoelectric generator
Authors: Liu Ruiheng , Xing Yunfei , Liao Jincheng , Xia Xugui , Wang Chao , Zhu Chenxi , Xu Fangfang , Chen Zhi-Gang , Chen Lidong , Huang Jian , Bai Shengqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnsatisfied electrode bonding in half-Heusler devices renders thermal damage and large efficiency loss, which limits their practical service at high temperatures. Here, we develop a thermodynamic strategy to screen barrier layer elements. Theoretically, we found that the interface between VIIB elements and half-Heuslers possesses near-zero interfacial reaction energy and large atomic diffusion barrier. Experimentally, such an interphase proves to be the atomic direct bonding and has high thermal stability at 1073 K, leading to ideal ohmic contact. Such thermally inert and ohmic contact interface enable modules stably to work at elevated temperature up to 1100 K, which releases the peak performance of half-Heuslers and in turn boosts the energy conversion efficiencies to the records of 11.1% and 13.3% for half-Heusler single-stage and half-Heusler/Bi2Te3 segmented modules. This design strategy provides a feasible solution for the high-temperature half-Heusler generators and gives enlightenment for other package interconnection design of electronic devices.
Genetic architecture of heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Joseph Jacob , Liu Chang , Hui Qin , Aragam Krishna , Wang Zeyuan , Charest Brian , Huffman Jennifer E. , Keaton Jacob M. , Edwards Todd L. , Demissie Serkalem , Djousse Luc , Casas Juan P. , Gaziano J. Michael , Cho Kelly , Wilson Peter W. F. , Phillips Lawrence S. ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Huffman Jennifer E. , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Sun Yan V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPharmacologic clinical trials for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction have been largely unsuccessful as compared to those for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Whether differences in the genetic underpinnings of these major heart failure subtypes may provide insights into the disparate outcomes of clinical trials remains unknown. We utilize a large, uniformly phenotyped, single cohort of heart failure sub-classified into heart failure with reduced and with preserved ejection fractions based on current clinical definitions, to conduct detailed genetic analyses of the two heart failure sub-types. We find different genetic architectures and distinct genetic association profiles between heart failure with reduced and with preserved ejection fraction suggesting differences in underlying pathobiology. The modest genetic discovery for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (one locus) compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (13 loci) despite comparable sample sizes indicates that clinically defined heart failure with preserved ejection fraction likely represents the amalgamation of several, distinct pathobiological entities. Development of consensus sub-phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is paramount to better dissect the underlying genetic signals and contributors to this highly prevalent condition.
Unexpected limitation of tropical cyclone genesis by subsurface tropical central-north Pacific during El Niño
Authors: Gao Cong , Zhou Lei , Wang Chunzai , Lin I.-I. , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe vast tropical Pacific is home to the majority of tropical cyclones (TCs) which threaten the rim countries every year. The TC genesis is nourished by warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). During El Niño, the western Pacific warm pool extends eastward. However, the number of TCs does not increase significantly with the expanding warm pool and it remains comparable between El Niño and La Niña. Here, we show that the subsurface heat content change counteracts the favorable SSTs in the tropical central-north Pacific. Due to the anomalous positive wind stress curl, the 26 °C isotherm shoals during El Niño over this region and the heat content diminishes in the tropical central-north Pacific, even though warm SST anomalies prevail. This negative correlation between SST and 26 °C isotherm depth anomalies is opposite to the positive correlation in the tropical eastern and western Pacific. This is critical because quantifying the dynamics of the subsurface ocean provides insight into TC genesis. The trend in TC genesis continues to be debated. Future projections must account for the net effect of the surface-subsurface dynamics on TCs, especially given the expected El Niño-like pattern over the tropical Pacific under global warming.
Ovarian cancer mutational processes drive site-specific immune evasion
Authors: Vázquez-García Ignacio , Uhlitz Florian , Ceglia Nicholas , Lim Jamie L. P. , Wu Michelle , Mohibullah Neeman , Niyazov Juliana , Ruiz Arvin Eric B. , Boehm Kevin M. , Bojilova Viktoria , Fong Christopher J. , Funnell Tyler , Grewal Diljot , Havasov Eliyahu , Leung Samantha , Pasha Arfath , Patel Druv M. , Pourmaleki Maryam , Rusk Nicole , Shi Hongyu , Vanguri Rami , Williams Marc J. , Zhang Allen W. , Broach Vance , Chi Dennis S. , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Gardner Ginger J. , Kim Sarah H. , Lennon Matthew , Long Roche Kara , Sonoda Yukio , Zivanovic Oliver , Kundra Ritika , Viale Agnes , Derakhshan Fatemeh N. , Geneslaw Luke , Issa Bhaloo Shirin , Maroldi Ana , Nunez Rahelly , Pareja Fresia , Stylianou Anthe , Vahdatinia Mahsa , Bykov Yonina , Grisham Rachel N. , Liu Ying L. , Lakhman Yulia , Nikolovski Ines , Kelly Daniel , Gao Jianjiong , Schietinger Andrea , Hollmann Travis J. , Bakhoum Samuel F. , Soslow Robert A. , Ellenson Lora H. , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R. , Aghajanian Carol , Friedman Claire F. , McPherson Andrew , Weigelt Britta , Zamarin Dmitriy , Shah Sohrab P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an archetypal cancer of genomic instability1–4 patterned by distinct mutational processes5,6, tumour heterogeneity7–9 and intraperitoneal spread7,8,10. Immunotherapies have had limited efficacy in HGSOC11–13, highlighting an unmet need to assess how mutational processes and the anatomical sites of tumour foci determine the immunological states of the tumour microenvironment. Here we carried out an integrative analysis of whole-genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, digital histopathology and multiplexed immunofluorescence of 160 tumour sites from 42 treatment-naive patients with HGSOC. Homologous recombination-deficient HRD-Dup (BRCA1 mutant-like) and HRD-Del (BRCA2 mutant-like) tumours harboured inflammatory signalling and ongoing immunoediting, reflected in loss of HLA diversity and tumour infiltration with highly differentiated dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. By contrast, foldback-inversion-bearing tumours exhibited elevated immunosuppressive TGFβ signalling and immune exclusion, with predominantly naive/stem-like and memory T cells. Phenotypic state associations were specific to anatomical sites, highlighting compositional, topological and functional differences between adnexal tumours and distal peritoneal foci. Our findings implicate anatomical sites and mutational processes as determinants of evolutionary phenotypic divergence and immune resistance mechanisms in HGSOC. Our study provides a multi-omic cellular phenotype data substrate from which to develop and interpret future personalized immunotherapeutic approaches and early detection research.