bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Impact of HIV Serostatus on the Hepatitis C Virus Care Cascade and Injection Drug Use Among Persons Initiating Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Lier Audun J , Vander Wyk Brent , Di Paola Angela , Springer Sandra A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Persons who inject drugs are at increased risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV). Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are associated with reduced injection drug use (IDU) frequency among persons with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, whether HCV treatment uptake or changes in IDU frequency differ by HIV serostatus among persons receiving MOUD is incompletely understood.

Methods
A secondary analysis was performed of data collected from 2 prospective cohort studies of participants with (PWH) or without HIV with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition–diagnosed OUD who were initiated on methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone.

Results
Of 129 participants, 78 (60.5%) were HCV antibody positive. PWH underwent increased HCV viral load testing (76.7% vs 43.3%; P = .028), but HCV treatment rates did not differ (17.6% vs 10.0%; P = .45) by HIV status. Participants without HIV reported a greater reduction in mean opioid IDU at 90 days (10.7 vs 2.0 fewer days out of 30; P &lt; .001), but there were no group differences at 90 days. Stimulant use did not differ between groups. Urine opioid positivity declined from baseline to 90 days among the entire cohort (61.4% to 38.0%; P &lt; .001) but did not differ by HIV serostatus.

Conclusions
PWH who received MOUD underwent higher rates of follow-up HCV testing, but HCV treatment rates did not significantly differ by HIV serostatus. Participants without HIV on MOUD reported a greater reduction in opioid IDU. Improved integration of concomitant OUD with HCV and HIV screening, linkage to care, and treatment are needed for persons without HIV.
Pointwise bounds for eisenstein series on Γ0(q)\SL2(ℝ)
Authors: Musicantov Evgeny , Zehavi Sa’ar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We construct pointwise bounds in the weight aspect for Eisenstein series on $X_0(q) = \Gamma_0(q)\backslash{} SL_2(\mathbb{R})$, with squarefree level q, using a Sobolev technique. More specifically, we show that for an Eisenstein series E on $X_0(q)$ of weight parameter n and type t, one has for all $x\in X_0(q)$: $|E(x,1/2 + it)| \ll_{\epsilon} q^{\epsilon}(1 + |n|^{1/2 + \epsilon} + |t|^{1/2 + \epsilon})\sqrt{y(x) + y(x)^{-1}}$, where y(x) is the Iwasawa y-coordinate of the point x.
In Search of Habitat
Authors: Chen Xuanjuan , Sun Zhenzhen , Yao Tong , Yu Tong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We perform portfolio-level analyses to understand insurance firms’ preferred habitat behavior in the government bond market. Based on portfolio durations and portfolio weights across maturities, we find that interest rate risk exposures of insurers’ portfolios are related to their operating liabilities and financing constraints. We show that this habitat behavior significantly affects bond pricing. During the “quantitative easing” era, bond purchases by the Federal Reserve have a larger impact on the yields of Treasury bonds with a higher habitat demand. (JEL E43, E52, G11, G12, G23)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Syrian Refugee Inflows, Health-Care Access, and Childhood Vaccination in Turkey
Authors: Erten Bilge , Keskin Pinar , Omurtak Miray , Ozen Ilhan Can 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study explores the impact of the arrival of Syrian refugees in Turkey on access to health-care resources and subsequent changes in infectious disease rates among native children. Employing a distance-based instrument, it finds that native children living in regions that received large inflows of Syrian refugees experienced an increase in their risk of catching an infectious disease compared to children in less affected regions. In contrast, there is no evidence of significant changes in the incidences of noninfectious diseases such as diabetes, cancer, or anemia. The findings also reveal that the number of health-care professionals and hospital beds per capita declined in provinces that received large refugee inflows. This study also documents a decrease in native children’s probability of being fully vaccinated in provinces that received large refugee inflows. Although contact with potentially infected refugees may increase disease spread among natives, the migration-induced supply constraints in health-care access may also worsen health outcomes in host countries.
The Practice Change and Clinical Impact of Lung-Protective Ventilation Initiated in the Emergency Department: A Secondary Analysis of Individual Patient-Level Data From Prior Clinical Trials and Cohort Studies*
Authors: Fuller Brian M. , Mohr Nicholas M. , Ablordeppey Enyo , Roman Olivia , Mittauer Dylan , Yan Yan , Kollef Marin H. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Roberts Brian W. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES:Mechanically ventilated emergency department (ED) patients experience high morbidity and mortality. In a prior trial at our center, ED-based lung-protective ventilation was associated with improved care delivery and outcomes. Whether this strategy has persisted in the years after the trial remains unclear. The objective was to assess practice change and clinical outcomes associated with ED lung-protective ventilation.DESIGN:Secondary analysis of individual patient-level data from prior clinical trials and cohort studies.SETTING:ED and ICUs of a single academic center.PATIENTS:Mechanically ventilated adults.INTERVENTIONS:A lung-protective ventilator protocol used as the default approach in the ED.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:The primary ventilator-related outcome was tidal volume, and the primary clinical outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ventilator-, hospital-, and ICU-free days. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score (PS)-adjustment, and multiple a priori subgroup analyses were used to evaluate outcome as a function of the intervention. A total of 1,796 patients in the preintervention period and 1,403 patients in the intervention period were included. In the intervention period, tidal volume was reduced from 8.2 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW) (7.3–9.1) to 6.5 mL/kg PBW (6.1–7.1), and low tidal volume ventilation increased from 46.8% to 96.2% (p< 0.01). The intervention period was associated with lower mortality (35.9% vs 19.1%), remaining significant after multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.35–0.53;p< 0.01). Similar results were seen after PS adjustment and in subgroups. The intervention group had more ventilator- (18.8 [10.1] vs 14.1 [11.9];p< 0.01), hospital- (12.2 [9.6] vs 9.4 [9.5];p< 0.01), and ICU-free days (16.6 [10.1] vs 13.1 [11.1];p< 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:ED lung-protective ventilation has persisted in the years since implementation and was associated with improved outcomes. These data suggest the use of ED-based lung-protective ventilation as a means to improve outcome.
Identification of Escitalopram Metabolic Ratios as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizers
Authors: Faraj Pari , Hermansen Astrid , Molden Espen , Hole Kristine 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Escitalopram is metabolized by CYP2C19 to N-desmethyl escitalopram and escitalopram propionic acid. The primary aims of this study were to investigate the impact of the CYP2C19 phenotype on metabolic ratios of escitalopram in vivo and propose a biomarker for the CYP2C19 phenotype in patients treated with escitalopram.

Methods:
Median steady-state serum metabolite/parent drug ratio of N-desmethyl escitalopram and escitalopram propionic acid was investigated across CYP2C19 genotype-translated phenotype groups. The receiver operator characteristics method and the area-under-the-receiver-operator-characteristics curve was used to determine the best suited metabolic ratio for detecting CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PMs).

Results:
A total of 441 patients were included in the study. The N-desmethyl escitalopram/escitalopram ratio was 67% and 44% lower in CYP2C19 PMs and intermediate metabolizers (IMs), respectively, than normal metabolizers. Furthermore, the ability of the ratio to predict CYP2C19 PMs was 92%. A metabolic ratio of <0.24 was detected in 8 of 8 PMs in the study, indicating that it is a promising biomarker of reduced CYP2C19 activity. The escitalopram propionic acid/escitalopram ratio was 77% and 48% lower in CYP2C19 PMs and IMs, respectively; however, the ability of the ratio to detect CYP2C19 PMs was only 87%.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that DECT/ECT reflects CYP2C19 activity, and a metabolic ratio of <0.24 strongly predicts CYP2C19 PM phenotype. The ratio could be a valuable alternative to genotyping in personalized dosing of escitalopram and possibly other CYP2C19 substrates. The escitalopram propionic acid/escitalopram ratio was also associated with CYP2C19 activity; however, the ratio was inferior to the DECT/ECT at predicting PMs.
Standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing to assess insufficient recovery of touch discrimination in free flap surgery in extremity reconstruction
Authors: Huber Julika , Scharberth Alina , Maier Christoph , Wallner Christoph , Wagner Johannes M , Dadras Mehran , Longaker Michael T , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: November 2022

Background:
With major advances in microsurgical techniques, free tissue transfer has become a widely adopted approach to treat complex soft tissue defects. However, sensory recovery is poor leaving the anaesthetic skin prone to injuries.

Methods:
28 patients with 22 anterior lateral thigh flaps and 6 latissimus dorsi flaps on their extremities participated in the study. Quantitative sensory testing and 2 points discrimination was performed in three test areas and one control on the contralateral unaffected extremity. Physical disability, mental health, quality of life and characteristics of pain were assessed by the painDetect, DASH, LEFS and sf12 questionnaires, respectively.

Results:
Somatosensory profiles of all flaps were characterized by an overall loss of nerve function. Small-fibre function was mostly recovered while large-fibre function and thus touch discrimination was severely impaired. Mechanical detection thresholds improved over time and from periphery to the centre. Reported pain was mild to moderate and correlated with decreased physical function.

Conclusion:
Standardized Quantitative sensory testing provides a useful tool kit to assess the sensory regeneration after surgical treatment of soft tissue defects. After free tissue transfer small-fibre function recovers with nerve ingrowth in a centripetal direction from the flap margins to the centre, likely via collateral axonal sprouting from the undamaged nerves surrounding the flap. Myelinated fibres recover slowly and inefficiently.
MRI of Potassium and Sodium Enables Comprehensive Analysis of Ion Perturbations in Skeletal Muscle Tissue After Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Gast Lena V. , Baier Laura-Marie , Meixner Christian R. , Chaudry Oliver , Engelke Klaus , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Heiss Rafael 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
The aims were to investigate if potassium (39K) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to analyze changes in the apparent tissue potassium concentration (aTPC) in calf muscle tissue after eccentric exercise and in delayed-onset muscle soreness, and to compare these to corresponding changes in the apparent tissue sodium concentration (aTSC) measured with sodium (23Na) MRI.

Materials and Methods
Fourteen healthy subjects (7 female, 7 male; 25.0 ± 2.8 years) underwent 39K and 23Na MRI at a 7 T MR system, as well as 1H MRI at a 3 T MR system. Magnetic resonance imaging data and blood samples were collected at baseline (t0), directly after performing eccentric exercise (t1) and 48 hours after exercise (t2). Self-reported muscle soreness was evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale for pain (0, no pain; 10, worst pain) at t0, t1, and t2. Quantification of aTPC/aTSC was performed after correcting the measured 39K/23Na signal intensities for partial volume and relaxation effects using 5 external reference phantoms. Edema volume and 1H T2 relaxation times were determined based on the 1H MRI data. Participants were divided according to their increase in creatine kinase (CK) level into high (CKt2 ≥ 10·CKt0) and low CK (CKt2 < 10·CKt0) subjects.

Results
Blood serum CK and edema volume were significantly increased 48 hours after exercise compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Six participants showed a high increase in blood serum CK level at t2 relative to baseline, whereas 8 participants had only a low to moderate increase in blood serum CK. All participants reported increased muscle soreness both at rest and when climbing stairs at t1 (0.4 ± 0.7; 1.4 ± 1.2) and t2 (1.6 ± 1.4; 4.8 ± 1.9) compared with baseline (0 ± 0; 0 ± 0). Moreover, aTSC was increased at t1 in exercised muscles of all participants (increase by 57% ± 24% in high CK, 73% ± 33% in low CK subjects). Forty-eight hours after training, subjects with high increase in blood serum CK still showed highly increased aTSC (increase by 79% ± 57% compared with t0). In contrast, aTPC at t2 was elevated in exercised muscles of low CK subjects (increase by 19% ± 11% compared with t0), in which aTSC had returned to baseline or below. Overall, aTSC and aTPC showed inverse evolution, with changes in aTSC being approximately twice as high as in aTPC.

Conclusions
Our results showed that 39K MRI is able to detect changes in muscular potassium concentrations caused by eccentric exercise. In combination with 23Na MRI, this enables a more holistic analysis of tissue ion concentration changes.
Optimization of Preprocedural Full-cycle Computed Tomography in Patients Referred for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Escher Felix , Fink Nicola , Maurus Stefan , Dinkel Julien , Ricke Jens , Hausleiter Jörg , Curta Adrian 
Published: November 2022

Purpose/Objectives:
Advancements in transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve repair have resulted in growing demands in preprocedural computed tomography (CT) imaging. Due to the introduction of multidetector CT (MDCT), shorter acquisition times as well as high rates of heart failure and arrhythmias in this specific patient population, optimal synchronization between the passage of contrast agent and data acquisition is mandatory. There is no consensus on which acquisition technique should be used in this patient population. We aimed to optimize our preprocedural CT protocol comparing bolus tracking (BT) and test bolus (TB) techniques.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis on 151 patients referred for full-cycle MDCT evaluation for transcatheter tricuspid valve repair comparing BT with TB (BT n=75 TB n=75). Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were obtained. Demographic data, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and transthoracic echocardiography/transoesophageal echocardiography parameters were collected from electronic health records. Also, the volume of contrast agent and saline chaser and radiation dose length product and milliampere seconds were collected.

Results:
BT and TB resulted in comparable CNR (BT: 0.47 [0.34 to 0.98]; TB: 0.51 [0.41 to 1.40]; P=0.1). BT was associated with a shorter scan duration (BT: 8.3 min [4.1 to 24.4]; TB: 13.9 min [6.2 to 41.4]; P<0.001), less radiation in terms of dose length product (BT: 1186±585; TB: 1383±679, P=0.04), and lower total volume administration (BT: 101 mL [63 to 16]; TB: 114 mL [71 to 154]; P<0.001). In patients with severely impaired ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤35%; n=65 [TB n=31; BT n=34]) using the TB technique yielded significantly better image quality in terms of CNR (TB=0.57 [0.41 to 1.07); BT=0.41 [0.34 to 0.65]; P=0.02).

Conclusion:
In patients with impaired LVEF (LVEF≤35%), the TB technique yielded significantly superior image quality and may be the preferred approach in this specific patient population. BT showed advantages in terms of shorter duration, less radiation, and lower contrast agent volume.
Pathways to win-wins or trade-offs? How certified community forests impact forest restoration and human wellbeing
Authors: Loveridge Robin , Marshall Andrew R. , Pfeifer Marion , Rushton Steven , Nnyiti Petro P. , Fredy Lilian , Sallu Susannah M. 
Published: November 2022

Certified community forests combine local governance with forest certification and aim to serve multiple objectives including forest protection, restoration, human wellbeing and equitable governance. However, the causal pathways by which they impact these objectives remain poorly understood. The ability of protected area impact evaluations to identify complex pathways is limited by a narrow focus on top-down theoretical, quantitative perspectives and inadequate consideration of local context. We used a novel mixed-methods research design that integrates the perspectives of multiple actors to develop a generalized conceptual model of the causal pathways for certified community forests. We tested the model using a combination of statistical matching, structural equation modelling and qualitative analyses for an agroforestry landscape in Tanzania. We found certified community forests positively impacted human wellbeing, equitable governance and forest restoration. Equitable governance had the largest impact on wellbeing, followed by crop yield and forest resource availability. Timber revenues varied widely between villages and the average effect of financial benefits did not impact wellbeing due to the immature stage of the certified timber market. We identified positive interactions and trade-offs between conservation and agriculture. Our findings suggest that no simple solution exists for meeting multiple objectives. However, developing understanding of the pathways linking social and conservation outcomes can help identify opportunities to promote synergies and mitigate negative impacts to reconcile competing objectives.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
Implications of tropical cyclones on damage and potential recovery and restoration of logged forests in Vietnam
Authors: Stas S. M. , Spracklen B. D. , Willetts P. D. , Le T. C. , Tran H. D. , Le T. T. , Ngo D. T. , Le A. V. , Le H. T. , Rutishauser E. , Schwendike J. , Marsham J. H. , van Kuijk M. , Jew E. K. K. , Phillips O. L. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: November 2022

Many natural forests in Southeast Asia are degraded following decades of logging. Restoration of these forests is delayed by ongoing logging and tropical cyclones, but the implications for recovery are largely uncertain. We analysed meteorological, satellite and forest inventory plot data to assess the effect of Typhoon Doksuri, a major tropical cyclone, on the forest landscapes of central Vietnam consisting of natural forests and plantations. We estimated the return period for a cyclone of this intensity to be 40 years. Plantations were almost twice as likely to suffer cyclone damage compared to natural forests. Logged natural forests (9–12 years after cessation of government-licensed logging) were surveyed before and after the storm with 2 years between measurements and remained a small biomass carbon sink (0.1 ± 0.3 Mg C ha−1yr−1) over this period. The cyclone reduced the carbon sink of recovering natural forests by an average of 0.85 Mg C ha−1yr−1, less than the carbon loss due to ongoing unlicensed logging. Restoration of forest landscapes in Southeast Asia requires a reduction in unlicensed logging and prevention of further conversion of degraded natural forests to plantations, particularly in landscapes prone to tropical cyclones where natural forests provide a resilient carbon sink.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
Dispelling stigmatizing misconceptions: A cross-sectional analysis of the impact of the adverse childhood experience of forced sexual intercourse on high-risk sexual behavior and weight status among adolescent girls
Authors: Wrye Bethany , Dickson Poliala , Brillon Nickie M. D. , Bowman Angela S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough early sexual initiation (ESI) and elevated body mass index (BMI) are widely considered a threat to positive health, the misconception that elevated BMI is predictive of ESI produces additional stigmatizing burden for overweight or obese adolescent girls. This study expands on prior findings by exploring mediating impact of the adverse childhood experience (ACE) of forced sexual intercourse on BMI and ESI. Data from the U.S. population-based 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) were analyzed using complex samples analytic methods. Girls who reported forced intercourse experience and were Black or African American were more likely to report ESI, while those who were overweight or obese were no more likely to have engaged in ESI than healthy weight girls, when controlling for other ESI related risk-factors. Among girls who never experienced forced intercourse, current and prior substance use were predictive of ESI. Findings indicate that weight status does not impact ESI when accounting for forced sexual experiences, while early exposure to substance use may be a leverage point for intervention to reduce ESI among girls with prior experience of force. When developing interventions designed to reduce ESI, it is important to understand and account for the impact of ACEs.
Human LUBAC deficiency leads to autoinflammation and immunodeficiency by dysregulation in TNF-mediated cell death
Authors: Oda Hirotsugu , Manthiram Kalpana , Chavan Pallavi Pimpale , Nakabo Shuichiro , Kuehn Hye Sun , Beck David B. , Chae Jae Jin , Nehrebecky Michele , Ombrello Amanda K. , Romeo Tina , Deuitch Natalie , Matthíasardóttir Brynja , Mullikin Jim , Stoddard Jennifer , Niemela Julie , Anderton Holly , Lawlor Kate E. , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Yang Dan , Boehm Manfred , Davis Jeremy , Mudd Pamela , Randazzo Davide , Tsai Wanxia Li , Gadina Massimo , Kaplan Mariana J. , Toguchida Junya , Mayer Christian , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , Iwai Kazuhiro , Silke John , Boisson Bertrand , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Rao Anand , Lalaoui Najoua , Aksentijevich Ivona , Kastner Daniel L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) consists of HOIP, HOIL1 and SHARPIN, and is essential for proper immune responses. Patients with HOIP and HOIL1 deficiencies present with severe immunodeficiency, autoinflammation and glycogen storage. In mice, the loss ofSharpinleads to severe dermatitis due to excessive cell death in keratinocytes. Here we report the first patient with SHARPIN deficiency, manifesting fever, arthritis, colitis, chronic otitis media and hepatic glycogenosis but unexpectedly, not associated with dermatologic manifestations. Mechanistically, fibroblasts and B cells from patients with all three LUBAC deficiencies showed attenuated canonical NF-B response and propensity to apoptosis mediated by TNF superfamily members. Furthermore, the SHARPIN deficient patient showed substantial reduction of adenoidal germinal center B cell development. Treatment of the SHARPIN deficient patient with anti-TNF therapies led to complete clinical and transcriptomic resolution of autoinflammation. These findings underscore the critical role of LUBAC as a gatekeeper for apoptosis-mediated immune dysregulation in humans.