bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feasibility randomised trial comparing therapeutic thoracentesis to chest tube insertion for the management of pleural infection: results from the ACTion trial
Authors: Arnold David T. , Tucker Emma , Morley Anna , Milne Alice , Stadon Louise , Patole Sonia , Nava George W. , Walker Steven P. , Maskell Nick A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pleural infection is a complex condition with a considerable healthcare burden. The average hospital stay for pleural infection is 14 days. Current standard of care defaults to chest tube insertion and intravenous antibiotics. There have been no randomised trials on the use of therapeutic thoracentesis (TT) for pleural fluid drainage in pleural infection.

Aims and objectives
To assess the feasibility of a full-scale trial of chest tube vs TT for pleural infection in a single UK centre. The primary outcome was defined as the acceptability of randomisation to patients.

Methods
Adult patients admitted with a pleural effusion felt to be related to infection and meeting criteria for drainage (based on international guidelines) were eligible for randomisation. Participants were randomised (1:1) to chest tube insertion or TT with daily review assessing need for further drainages or other therapies. Neither participant nor clinician were blinded to treatment allocation. Patients were followed up at 90 days post-randomisation.

Results
From September 2019 to June 2021, 51 patients were diagnosed with pleural infection (complex parapneumonic effusion/empyema). Eleven patients met the inclusion criteria for trial and 10 patients were randomised (91%). The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on recruitment. Data completeness was high in both groups with no protocol deviations. Patients randomised to TT had a significantly shorter overall mean hospital stay (5.4 days, SD 5.1) compared to the chest tube control group (13 days, SD 6.0), p = 0.04. Total number of pleural procedures required per patient were similar, 1.2 in chest tube group and 1.4 in TT group. No patient required a surgical referral. Adverse events were similar between the groups with no readmissions related to pleural infection.

Conclusions
The ACTion trial met its pre-specified feasibility criteria for patient acceptability but other issues around feasibility of a full-scale trial remain. From the results available the hypothesis that TT can reduce length of stay in pleural infection should be explored further.
Trial registration: ISRCTN: 84674413.
Unmet needs in palliative care for patients with common non-cancer diseases: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jang Hyoeun , Lee Kyunghwa , Kim Sookyung , Kim Sanghee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-cancer patients experience the chronic process of disease that increases the patients’ suffering as well as families’ care burden. Although two-thirds of deaths are caused by non-cancer diseases, there is a lack of studies on palliative care for non-cancer patients. This study identified the palliative care needs and satisfaction, anxiety and depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of non-cancer patients and identified the factors influencing their HRQOL.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Participants were 114 non-cancer patients with chronic heart failure, stroke, end-stage renal disease, or end-stage liver disease who were admitted to the general ward of a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Measures included the Palliative Care Needs and Satisfaction Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Medical Outcome Study 36-items Short Form Health Survey version 2. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analyses of variance, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results
The average score of palliative care needs was 3.66 ± 0.62, which falls between ‘moderate’ and ‘necessary’. Among the four domains, the average score of palliative care needs in the psychosocial domain was the highest: 3.83 ± 0.67. Anxiety was nearly in the normal range (7.48 ± 3.60; normal range = 0–7) but depression was higher than normal (9.17 ± 3.71; normal range = 0–7). Similar to patients with cancer, physical HRQOL (38.89 ± 8.69) and mental HRQOL (40.43 ± 11.19) were about 80% of the general population’s score (50 points). Duration of disease and physical performance were significant factors associated with physical HRQOL, whereas physical performance, anxiety, and depression were significant factors associated with mental HRQOL.

Conclusion
It is necessary to maintain non-cancer patients’ physical performance and assess and manage their mental health in advance for effective palliative care. This study provides relevant information that can be used to develop a tailored palliative care model for non-cancer patients.
Comparison of learning outcomes of interprofessional education simulation with traditional single-profession education simulation: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Chen Hui-Wen , O’Donnell John M. , Chiu Yu-Jui , Chen Yi-Chun , Kang Yi-No , Tuan Yueh-Ting , Kuo Shu-Yu , Wu Jen-Chieh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional collaborative practice is essential for meeting patients’ needs and improving their health outcomes; thus, the effectiveness of interprofessional education (IPE) should be clearly identified. There is insufficient evidence in the literature to determine the outcomes of IPE compared to traditional single-profession education (SPE). This study aimed to compare the outcomes of IPE and SPE during a simulation training course.

Methods
The study design was a mixed-methods, incorporated cross-over design and a qualitative survey. A total of 54 students including 18 medical students and 36 nursing students were recruited from March to April 2019. The 4-week simulation course was designed based on Kolb’s experimental learning theory and Bandura’s social learning theory. Participants were evenly divided into group 1 (received IPE-learning followed by SPE-learning), and group 2 (received SPE-learning followed by IPE-learning). Students’ medical task performance, team behavior performance, teamwork attitude, and patient safety attitude were collected at pretest, mid-test, and posttest. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance were used. End-of-study qualitative feedback was collected, and content analysis was performed.

Results
Both groups demonstrated moderate-to-large within-group improvements for multiple learning outcomes at mid-test. Group 1 students’ medical task performance (F = 97.25; P < 0.001) and team behavior performance (F = 31.17; P < 0.001) improved significantly. Group 2 students’ medical task performance (F = 77.77; P < 0.001), team behavior performance (F = 40.14; P < 0.001), and patient safety attitude (F = 6.82; P < 0.01) improved significantly. Outcome differences between groups were nonsignificant. Qualitative themes identified included: personal factor, professional factor, interprofessional relationship, and learning. The IPE program provided students with exposure to other professions and revealed differences in expertise and responsibilities.

Conclusion
IPE-simulation and SPE-simulation were effective interventions that enabled medical and nursing students to develop critical medical management and team behavior performance. IPE-simulation provided more opportunities for improving competencies in interprofessional collaborative practice. In circumstances with limited teaching resources, SPE-simulation can be an acceptable alternative to IPE-simulation.
Haematological profile of malaria patients with G6PD and PKLR variants (erythrocytic enzymopathies): a cross-sectional study in Thailand
Authors: Mungkalasut Punchalee , Kiatamornrak Patcharakorn , Jugnam-Ang Watcharapong , Krudsood Srivicha , Cheepsunthorn Poonlarp , Cheepsunthorn Chalisa Louicharoen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PKLR) deficiencies are common causes of erythrocyte haemolysis in the presence of antimalarial drugs such as primaquine and tafenoquine. The present study aimed to elucidate such an association by thoroughly investigating the haematological indices in malaria patients with G6PD and PKLRR41Q variants.

Methods
Blood samples from 255 malaria patients from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia were collected to determine haematological profile, G6PD enzyme activity and G6PD deficiency variants. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between anaemia and G6PD MahidolG487A, the most common mutation in this study.

Results
The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 11.1% (27/244) in males and 9.1% (1/11) in female. The MAFs of the G6PD MahidolG487A and PKLRR41Q variants were 7.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Compared with patients with wildtype G6PD after controlling for haemoglobinopathies, G6PD-deficient patients with hemizygous and homozygous G6PD MahidolG487A exhibited anaemia with low levels of haemoglobin (11.16 ± 2.65 g/dl, p = 0.041). These patients also exhibited high levels of reticulocytes (3.60%). The median value of G6PD activity before treatment (Day 0) was significantly lower than that of after treatment (Day 28) (5.51 ± 2.54 U/g Hb vs. 6.68 ± 2.45 U/g Hb; p < 0.001). Reticulocyte levels on Day 28 were significantly increased compared to that of on Day 0 (2.14 ± 0.92% vs 1.57 ± 1.06%; p < 0.001). PKLRR41Q had no correlation with anaemia in malaria patients. The risk of anaemia inpatients with G6PDMahidolG487A was higher than wildtype patients (OR = 3.48, CI% 1.24–9.75, p = 0.018). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that G6PDMahidolG487A independently associated with anaemia (< 11 g/dl) after adjusted by age, gender, Plasmodium species, parasite density, PKLRR41Q, and haemoglobinopathies (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study revealed that malaria patients with G6PD MahidolG487A, but not with PKLRR41Q, had anaemia during infection. As a compensatory response to haemolytic anaemia after malaria infection, these patients generated more reticulocytes. The findings emphasize the effect of host genetic background on haemolytic anaemia and the importance of screening patients for erythrocyte enzymopathies and related mutations prior to anti-malarial therapy.
Social Accountability Reporting for Research (SAR4Research): checklist to strengthen reporting on studies on social accountability in the literature
Authors: Kraft Joan Marie , Paina Ligia , Boydell Victoria , Elnakib Shatha , Sihotang Andreas , Bailey Angela , Tolmie Courtney 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of evaluations of social accountability (SA) interventions have been published in the past decade, however, reporting gaps make it difficult to summarize findings. We developed the Social Accountability Reporting for Research (SAR4Research) checklist to support researchers to improve the documentation of SA processes, context, study designs, and outcomes in the peer reviewed literature and to enhance application of findings.

Methods
We used a multi-step process, starting with an umbrella review of reviews on SA to identify reporting gaps. Next, we reviewed existing guidelines for reporting on behavioral interventions to determine whether one could be used in its current or adapted form. We received feedback from practitioners and researchers and tested the checklist through three worked examples using outcome papers from three SA projects.

Results
Our umbrella review of SA studies identified reporting gaps in all areas, including gaps in reporting on the context, intervention components, and study methods. Because no existing guidelines called for details on context and the complex processes in SA interventions, we used CONSORT-SPI as the basis for the SAR4Research checklist, and adapted it using other existing checklists to fill gaps. Feedback from practitioners, researchers and the worked examples suggested the need to eliminate redundancies, add explanations for items, and clarify reporting for quantitative and qualitative study components.

Conclusions
Results of SA evaluations in the peer-reviewed literature will be more useful, facilitating learning and application of findings, when study designs, interventions and their context are described fully in one or a set of papers. This checklist will help authors report better in peer-reviewed journal articles. With sufficient information, readers will better understand whether the results can inform accountability strategies in their own contexts. As a field, we will be better able to identify emerging findings and gaps in our understanding of SA.
Inequality in the distribution of Covid-19 vaccine: a systematic review
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Noroozi Rayehe , Ghanbari-Jahromi Mohadeseh , Jalali Faride Sadat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The equality in the distribution of vaccines between and within countries along with follow sanitation tips and observe social distance, are effective strategies to rid the world of COVID-19 pandemic. Inequality in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccine, in addition to causing inequity to the population health, has a significant impact on the process of economic recovery.

Methods
All published original papers on the inequality of Covid-19 vaccine distribution and the factors affecting it were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest databases between December 2020 to 30 May 2022. Selection of articles, extraction of their data and qualitative assessment (by STROBE) were performed by two researchers separately. Data graphing form was used to extract detailed data from each study and then, the collected data were classified.

Results
A total of 4623 articles were evaluated. After removing duplicates and screening the title, abstract and full text of articles, 22 articles were selected and entered into the study. Fifteen (68.17%) studies were conducted in the United States, three (13.64%) in Europe, three (13.64%) in Asia and one (6.66%) in Oceania. Factors affecting the inequality in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccine were classified into macro and micro levels determinants.

Conclusion
Macro determinants of inequality in the Covid-19 vaccine distribution were consisted of economic (stability and country’s economic status, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, financial support and human development index), infrastructure and health system (appropriate information system, functional cold chains in vaccine transport, transport infrastructure, medical and non-medical facilities per capita, healthcare access and quality), legal and politics (vaccination allocation rules, health policies, political ideology and racial bias), and epidemiologic and demographic factors (Covid-19 incidence and deaths rate, life expectancy, vulnerability to Covid-19, working in medical setting, comorbidities, social vulnerability, incarceration and education index). Moreover, micro/ individual level factors were included in economic (household’s income, home ownership, employment, poverty, access to healthy food and residency in the deprived areas) and demographic and social characteristics (sex, age, race, ethnic, religion, disability, location (urban/rural) and insurance coverage).
Lipid signatures of chronic pain in female adolescents with and without obesity
Authors: Gonzalez Paula A. , Simcox Judith , Raff Hershel , Wade Gina , Von Bank Helaina , Weisman Steven , Hainsworth Keri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain in adolescence is associated with diminished outcomes, lower socioeconomic status in later life, and decreased family well-being. Approximately one third of adolescents with chronic pain have obesity compared to the general population. In obesity, lipid signals regulate insulin sensitivity, satiety, and pain sensation. We determined whether there is a distinct lipid signature associated with chronic pain and its co-occurrence with obesity in adolescents.

Methods
We performed global lipidomics in serum samples from female adolescents (N = 67, 13–17 years old) with no pain/healthy weight (Controls), chronic pain/healthy weight (Pain Non-obese), no pain/obesity (Obese), or chronic pain/obesity (Pain Obese).

Results
The Pain Non-obese group had lipid profiles similar to the Obese and Pain Obese groups. The major difference in these lipids included decreased lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in the three clinical groups compared to the Control group. Furthermore, ceramides and sphingomyelin were higher in the groups with obesity when compared to the groups with healthy weight, while plasmalogens were elevated in the Pain Obese group only.

Conclusions
Serum lipid markers are associated with chronic pain and suggest that specific lipid metabolites may be a signaling mechanism for inflammation associated with co-occurring chronic pain and obesity.
Transesophageal echocardiography-guided implantation of totally implantable venous access devices via the internal jugular vein: retrospective analysis of 297 cases in pediatric patients
Authors: Chen Yuanzhen , Xing Dajun , Wu Lixin , Lin Huatian , Lin Ting , Ding Fang , Xu Liang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurately positioning totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) catheters and reducing complications in pediatric patients are important and challenging. A number of studies have shown methods for locating the tip of the TIVAD catheter. We assessed the success and complications of TIVAD implantation guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) via the internal jugular vein (IJV) for 294 patients in this retrospective study.

Methods
From May 2019 to March 2021, 297 cases of TIVADs in our hospital were analyzed in this observational, non-randomized, single-center study. The position of the catheter tip under TEE and chest radiography and rates of periprocedural, early, and late complications were evaluated.

Results
The implantation was successful in 242 (82.3%) cases which was in a proper position, and the results were consistent with those of postoperative chest radiography. A total of 72 complications were recorded. Of these, 1 case had a perioperative complication, 66 had early complications, and 5 had late complications after port implantation. The most common complications were local infection and catheter malposition, namely 10 (13.9%) cases of incision infection and 58 (80.6%) cases of catheter malposition. In total, 6 (8.3%) cases of port explantation were required.

Conclusion
Confirmation of proper TIVAD catheter positioning by TEE through an internal jugular approach in children was accurate and safe.
SPOP promotes cervical cancer progression by inducing the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1 in spatial localization
Authors: Wu Jiangchun , Wu Yong , Guo Qinhao , chen Siyu , Wang Simin , Wu Xiaohua , Zhu Jun , Ju Xingzhu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Metastasis is a major obstacle in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC), and SPOP-mediated regulatory effects are involved in metastasis. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Methods
Proteomic sequencing and SPOP immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed for the pelvic lymph node (pLN)-positive and non-pLN groups of CC patients. The corresponding patients were stratified by SPOP expression level for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) analysis. In vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to verify the causal relationship between SPOP expression and CC metastasis. Multiplex immunofluorescence (m-IF) and the HALO system were used to analyse the mechanism, which was further verified by in vitro experiments.

Results
SPOP is upregulated in CC with pLN metastasis and negatively associated with patient outcome. In vitro and in vivo, SPOP promotes CC proliferation and metastasis. According to m-IF and HALO analysis, SPOP may promote CC metastasis by promoting the separation of PD-1 from PD-L1. Finally, it was further verified that SPOP can achieve immune tolerance by promoting the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1 in spatial location and function.

Conclusion
This study shows that SPOP can inhibit the immune microenvironment by promoting the movement of PD-1 away from PD-L1, thereby promoting pLN metastasis of CC and resulting in worse OS and RFS.
Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Authors: Karamycheva Svetlana , Wolf Yuri I. , Persi Erez , Koonin Eugene V. , Makarova Kira S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Evolutionary rate is a key characteristic of gene families that is linked to the functional importance of the respective genes as well as specific biological functions of the proteins they encode. Accurate estimation of evolutionary rates is a challenging task that requires precise phylogenetic analysis. Here we present an easy to estimate protein family level measure of sequence variability based on alignment column homogeneity in multiple alignments of protein sequences from Clade-Specific Clusters of Orthologous Genes (csCOGs).

Results
We report genome-wide estimates of variability for 8 diverse groups of bacteria and archaea and investigate the connection between variability and various genomic and biological features. The variability estimates are based on homogeneity distributions across amino acid sequence alignments and can be obtained for multiple groups of genomes at minimal computational expense. About half of the variance in variability values can be explained by the analyzed features, with the greatest contribution coming from the extent of gene paralogy in the given csCOG. The correlation between variability and paralogy appears to originate, primarily, not from gene duplication, but from acquisition of distant paralogs and xenologs, introducing sequence variants that are more divergent than those that could have evolved in situ during the lifetime of the given group of organisms. Both high-variability and low-variability csCOGs were identified in all functional categories, but as expected, proteins encoded by integrated mobile elements as well as proteins involved in defense functions and cell motility are, on average, more variable than proteins with housekeeping functions. Additionally, using linear discriminant analysis, we found that variability and fraction of genomes carrying a given gene are the two variables that provide the best prediction of gene essentiality as compared to the results of transposon mutagenesis in Sulfolobus islandicus.

Conclusions
Variability, a measure of sequence diversity within an alignment relative to the overall diversity within a group of organisms, offers a convenient proxy for evolutionary rate estimates and is informative with respect to prediction of functional properties of proteins. In particular, variability is a strong predictor of gene essentiality for the respective organisms and indicative of sub- or neofunctionalization of paralogs.
Seronegative immunity to SARS-CoV-2: a case study
Authors: Miller Kyle D. , Ashcraft Amie M. , Pilkerton Courtney S. , Shrader Carl D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 presents with a variable clinical course from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress with nearly 25% mortality in mechanically-ventilated patients. As such, there is uncertainty regarding how host factors modulate the disease course.

Case Presentation
This report examines these factors in two geriatric patients with multiple comorbid conditions who were residents of the long-term care facility in West Virginia that was the epicenter of COVID-19 in the state. Each patient had substantial, unprotected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with subsequent negative PCR and antibody testing.

Conclusions
These cases could represent an important step in understanding host factors that modulate the disease course and susceptibility of patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and illustrate the need for further research into host resistance relating to this pandemic.