bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term fertilization affects chemical composition of dissolved organic carbon by changing soil properties
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Yanan , Zhou Chuan , Zhang Nan , Lei Ping , E Shengzhe , Zhang Xiaojia , Zeng Xibai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a key role in fundamental biogeochemical processes; however, the influences of different types of fertilization on the chemical composition and properties of DOC molecules in soils are poorly understood. In this study, DOC samples were extracted from gray desert soils treated with five fertilization treatments: (a) chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; (b) pig and cattle manure; (c) 50% nitrogen from manure and 50% nitrogen from chemical fertilizer; (d) total chemical fertilizers and total manure; and (e) no fertilization (control). Results showed that manure application increased the aromatic carbon by 135.7% and decreased the aliphatic carbon levels by 29.6%, implying manure application promotes the labile carbon consumption and the stable carbon enrichment. The available nutrients and available forms of magnesium were positively associated with the labile carbon groups, and the available forms of calcium were positively associated with the stable carbon groups, demonstrating that the availability of soil nutrients and minerals are influential factors on composition of carbon‐containing groups in DOC. Moreover, the fertilization method had negative direct effects and positive indirect effects on composition of carbon‐containing groups in DOC via soil physicochemical factors, and various forms of mineral ions were the strongest explanatory factors (explaining nearly 51%) of composition of carbon‐containing groups variation in DOC. These findings indicated that soil physicochemical factors play an important role as mediators in the influence of fertilization practices on the composition of carbon‐containing groups in DOC.
Ultrasonic Cell Grinder Extraction of Cyperenoic Acid from Crotonis Crassifolii Radix and the Activity Assay of the Extract
Authors: Liu Meng , Jiang Hailong , An Yide , Lin Yunliang , Gao Binghong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is of great significance to achieve a high‐value usage of Chinese medicine residues. This study developed a green ultrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE) method has been developed for cyperenoic acid extraction from water decocted Crotonis Crassifolii Radix. The response surface methodology was introduced for the experimental design. The optimum conditions were as follows: 52 % ethanol concentration, 28 : 1 mL/g ratio of solution‐to‐solid, 500 W extraction power, and 28 min extraction time. Anti‐inflammatory test was performed to investigate the medicinal uses of the extract from the herb residue. The microstructure of the extracted samples was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy to understand the extraction mechanism. A higher extraction yield of 1.016 mg/g and better anti‐inflammatory activity were obtained under UCGE compared to a conventional solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the sample structure was seriously damaged by UCGE. The results show that UCGE is a promising green and efficient technology for extracting functional components, and has great potential in recycling waste resources.
An Efficient One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Synthesis of Bis‐heteroarylaminomethylnaphthoquinone Mannich Bases from Lawsone
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Abediha Shohreh , Sadeghpour Mahdieh , Adl Alireza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new series of bis‐heteroarylaminomethylnaphthoquinone Mannich bases have been synthesized through facial and efficient one‐pot pseudo five‐component reactions of lawsone, different heteroaryl amines and terephthaldehyde using p‐TSA as catalyst in CH3CN under reflux conditions. The high yields of products, very simple operation, readily available starting materials, high atom‐economy, easy workup procedure and isolation/purification of target products without chromatography are the main benefits of this synthetic strategy.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound signs for detecting adnexal torsion: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garde I. , Paredes C. , Ventura L. , Pascual M. A. , Ajossa S. , Guerriero S. , Vara J. , Linares M. , Alcázar J. L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different ultrasound signs for diagnosing adnexal torsion, using surgery as the reference standard.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies published between January 1990 and November 2021 evaluating ovarian edema, adnexal mass, ovarian Doppler flow findings, the whirlpool sign and pelvic fluid as ultrasound signs (index tests) for detecting adnexal torsion, using surgical findings as the reference standard. The search for studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Library,
ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated separately, and the post‐test probability of adnexal torsion following a positive or negative test was also determined.ResultsThe search identified 1267 citations after excluding duplicates. Eighteen studies were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Eight studies (809 patients) analyzed the presence of ovarian edema, eight studies (1044 patients) analyzed the presence of an adnexal mass, 14 studies (1742 patients) analyzed ovarian Doppler flow, six studies (545 patients) analyzed the whirlpool sign and seven studies (981 patients) analyzed the presence of pelvic fluid as ultrasound signs of adnexal torsion. Overall, the quality of most studies was considered to be moderate or good. However, there was a high risk of bias in the patient‐selection and index‐text domains (with the exception of the whirlpool sign) in a significant proportion of studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of each ultrasound sign were 58%, 86%, 4.0 and 0.49 for ovarian edema, 69%, 46%, 1.3 and 0.67 for adnexal mass, 65%, 91%, 7.6 and 0.38 for the whirlpool sign, 53%, 95%, 11.0 and 0.49 for ovarian Doppler findings and 55%, 69%, 1.7 and 0.66 for pelvic fluid. Heterogeneity was high for all analyses.ConclusionsThe presence of an adnexal mass or pelvic fluid have poor diagnostic accuracy as ultrasound signs of adnexal torsion, while the presence of ovarian edema, the whirlpool sign and decreased or absent ovarian Doppler flow have good specificity but moderate sensitivity for detecting adnexal torsion. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Neuromyotonia, myokymia and spinocerebellar ataxia in two Patterdale terrier littermates
Authors: Fisher Chloe , Liebel Francois 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo Patterdale terrier siblings presented with a progressive history of a spinocerebellar ataxia present from 15 weeks of age. Both dogs had daily episodes of myokymia affecting all four limbs. The female dog had a history of three neuromyotonic attacks and was euthanased due to extreme hyperthermia during one attack. Both were homozygous for the genetic mutation of the KCNJ10 gene, which was previously reported in the Jack Russell terrier. This case highlights the clinical reasoning of abnormal gaits and abnormal episodes. This is the first report of this mutation in the Patterdale terrier.
Naturally occurring Senna spp. toxicity in an Angus crossbred calf
Authors: Yin Ji‐Hang , Martinez Rodriguez David , Chamorro Manuel F. , Dillard Leanne , Cattley Russell 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIngestion of certain plants belonging to the genus Senna in animals can cause a rapidly progressive disease with myonecrosis. Natural senna intoxication was suspected in cattle that were grazing on contaminated pasture. Three calves presented with clinical signs of acute illness, characterised by sternal recumbency and absent patellar and withdrawal reflexes. Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis plants were found in the grazing pastures. Serum biochemistry levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were higher than the reference ranges. Major pathologic findings included multifocal pale tan and dry skeletal muscle with severe segmental monophasic myonecrosis. Senna seeds were identified in the ruminal contents. A diagnosis of Senna intoxication was made given the clinical history and the compatible clinicopathological and pathologic findings. In addition, Senna plants in the pasture along with the Senna seeds were found in the ruminal contents in the affected heifer.
MEUF for removal and recovery of valuable organic components present in effluents: A process intensified technology
Authors: Das Pallabi , Sharma Ankita , Singh Yash , Upadhyay Sidhidatri , Verma Shikha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the domain of the research space in novel separation process has been led by membrane systems as a panacea providing multifarious benefits of high separation efficiency, elimination of extreme process conditions, sustainability, and environment friendliness coupled with high operational flexibility. In this niche area, often, ultrafiltration is touted as a robust separation technique due to its high separation efficiency, membrane stability, and lower operating costs. The only drawback of relatively large pore size can be overcome by combining surfactant addition, leading to development of integrated processes termed as Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration. MEUF processes isolate and selectively separate valuable organics present in effluent streams. The process characteristics fit the bill as a typified example for process intensification Technology interventions for recycling of surfactants can enhance the cost‐competitiveness of the process. This has the potential to develop into a broad‐spectrum effluent treatment option with a change of surfactants for target contaminants. Here, in this review, we attempt to critically examine the unique features of this technology, development of spin‐offs with wide‐ranging applications. Specifically applications in removal of hazardous, and persistent components like dissolved organics have been critically studied. The focus was to highlight the crux of the novel technologies highlighting the efficacy and the underlying concept of process intensification.Practitioner Points

Role of MEUF as a sustainable process intensifying separation technique for removal and recovery of organics.
Novel process development using MEUF.
Comparative performance analysis to assess efficacy.
Discussions on future integrative process development.
Sustainability aspect of MEUF with possibility of byproduct recovery.
Synthesis and properties of a new vanadium benzene‐1,3‐diphosphonate
Authors: Steinke Felix , Stock Norbert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of the linker molecule benzene‐1,3‐diphosphonic acid (H4L) and V4+‐ions in a hydrothermal synthesis without further additives led to the discovery of a new coordination polymer of composition [(VO)2(H2O)4(L)] ⋅ 2H2O. The structure of the compound was solved by direct methods from powder X‐ray diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method. The compound was thoroughly characterized showing a reversible amorphization upon reduced pressure or high temperatures. A potential porosity was calculated, but could not be verified by H2O‐adsorption experiments.
Spectral form factor for free large N gauge theory and strings
Authors: Chen Yiming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the spectral form factor in two different systems, free large N gauge theories and highly excited string gas. In both cases, after a rapid decay of the spectral form factor at early time, new contributions come in, preventing the spectral form factor from ever becoming exponentially small. We consider U(N) gauge theories with only adjoint matter and compute the spectral form factor using a matrix integral of the thermal holonomy U. The new saddles differ from the early time saddle by preserving certain subgroups of the center symmetry. For a gas of strings, the short time decay of the spectral form factor is governed by the continuous Hagedorn density of states, which can be associated to the thermal winding mode with winding number ±1. We show that the rise of the spectral form factor comes from other winding modes that also carry momentum along the time direction. We speculate on the existence of a family of classical solutions for these string modes, similar to the Horowitz-Polchinski solution.We review a similar problem for black holes. In particular, we examine the Kontsevich-Segal criterion on complex black holes that contribute to the spectral form factor. In the canonical ensemble quantity Z(β + it), the black hole becomes unallowed at t ~ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(β). A way to avoid this is to consider the microcanonical ensemble, where the black hole stays allowable.
Aspects of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Moitra Upamanyu , Sake Sunil Kumar , Trivedi Sandip P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We discuss JT gravity in AdS and dS space in the second order formalism. For the pure dS JT theory without matter, we show that the path integral gives rise in general to the Hartle-Hawking wave function which describes an arbitrary number of disconnected universes produced by tunnelling “from nothing”, or to transition amplitudes which describe the tunnelling of an initial state consisting of several contracting universes to a final state of several expanding universes. These processes can be described by a hologram consisting of Random Matrix Theory (RMT) or, we suggest, after some modification on the gravity side, by a hologram with the RMT being replaced by SYK theory. In the presence of matter, we discuss the double trumpet path integral and argue that with suitable twisted boundary conditions, a divergence in the moduli space integral can be avoided and the system can tunnel from a contracting phase to an expanding one avoiding a potential big bang/big crunch singularity. The resulting spectrum of quantum perturbations which are produced can exhibit interesting departures from scale invariance. We also show that the divergence in moduli space can be avoided for suitable correlators which involve different boundaries in the AdS/dS cases, and suggest that a hologram consisting of the SYK theory with additional matter could get rid of these divergences in general. Finally, we analyse the AdS double trumpet geometry and show that going to the micro-canonical ensemble instead of the canonical one, for the spectral form factor, does not get rid of the divergence in moduli space.
Renormalization group flows for track function moments
Authors: Jaarsma Max , Li Yibei , Moult Ian , Waalewijn Wouter , Zhu Hua Xing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Track functions describe the collective effect of the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons, making them a key ingredient for jet substructure measurements at hadron colliders, where track-based measurements offer superior angular resolution. The first moment of the track function, describing the average energy deposited in charged particles, is a simple and well-studied object. However, measurements of higher-point correlations of energy flow necessitate a characterization of fluctuations in the hadronization process, described theoretically by higher moments of the track function. In this paper we derive the structure of the renormalization group (RG) evolution equations for track function moments. We show that energy conservation gives rise to a shift symmetry that allows the evolution equations to be written in terms of cumulants, κ(N), and the difference between the first moment of quark and gluon track functions, ∆. The uniqueness of the first three cumulants then fixes their all-order evolution to be DGLAP, up to corrections involving powers of ∆, that are numerically suppressed by an effective order in the perturbative expansion for phenomenological track functions. However, at the fourth cumulant and beyond there is non-trivial RG mixing into products of cumulants such as κ(4) into κ(2)2. We analytically compute the evolution equations up to the sixth moment at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

), and study the associated RG flows. These results allow for the study of up to six-point correlations in energy flow using tracks, paving the way for precision jet substructure at the LHC.
UV divergences, RG equations and high energy behaviour of the amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino model with quartic interaction
Authors: Bork L. V. , Kazakov D. I. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyse the UV divergences for the scattering amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino SUSY model with the quartic superpotential. We argue that the only divergent amplitudes are those with four external legs. Within the superfield formalism, we calculate the corresponding Feynman diagrams and evaluate their leading divergences up to 4 loop order of PT. Then we construct recurrence relations that connect the leading UV divergences in subsequent orders of perturbation theory. These recurrence relations allow us to calculate the leading divergences in a pure algebraic way starting from the one loop contribution. We check that the obtained relations correctly reproduce the lower order diagrams evaluated explicitly. At last, we convert the recurrence relations into the RG equations that have integro-differential form. Solving these equations for a particular sequence of diagrams, we find out the high energy behaviour of the amplitude. We then argue that the full amplitude has a similar behaviour with the key feature of the existence of a pole in the s-channel corresponding to a state with a mass ∼ 1/g, where g is the original dimensionfull coupling of the theory. We find out the this state is actually a ghost one similar to the Landau pole in scalar theory.
At the end of the world: Local Dynamical Cobordism
Authors: Angius Roberta , Calderón-Infante José , Delgado Matilda , Huertas Jesús , Uranga Angel M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Cobordism Conjecture states that any Quantum Gravity configuration admits, at topological level, a boundary ending spacetime. We study the dynamical realization of cobordism, as spacetime dependent solutions of Einstein gravity coupled to scalars containing such end-of-the-world ‘branes’. The latter appear in effective theory as a singularity at finite spacetime distance at which scalars go off to infinite field space distance. We provide a local description near the end-of-the-world branes, in which the solutions simplify dramatically and are characterized in terms of a critical exponent, which controls the asymptotic profiles of fields and the universal scaling relations among the spacetime distance to the singularity, the field space distance, and the spacetime curvature. The analysis does not rely on supersymmetry. We study many explicit examples of such Local Dynamical Cobordisms in string theory, including 10d massive IIA, the 10d non-supersymmetric USp(32) theory, Bubbles of Nothing, 4d 𝒩 = 1 cosmic string solutions, the Klebanov-Strassler throat, Dp-brane solutions, brane configurations related to the D1/D5 systems, and small black holes. Our framework encompasses diverse recent setups in which scalars diverge at the core of defects, by regarding them as suitable end-of-the-world branes. We explore the interplay of Local Dynamical Cobordisms with the Distance Conjecture and other swampland constraints.
Sumsets and Projective Curves
Authors: Elias J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this note is to exploit a new relationship between additive combinatorics and the geometry of monomial projective curves. We associate to a finite set of non-negative integers $$A=\{a_1,\ldots , a_n\}$$

A
=
{

a
1

,
…
,

a
n

}

a monomial projective curve $$C_A\subset \mathbb P^{n-1}_{{\mathbf {k}}}$$

C
A

⊂

P
k

n
-
1

such that the Hilbert function of $$C_A$$

C
A

and the cardinalities of $$sA:=\{a_{i_1}+\cdots +a_{i_s}\mid 1\le i_1\le \cdots \le i_s\le n\}$$

s
A
:
=
{

a

i
1

+
⋯
+

a

i
s

∣
1
≤

i
1

≤
⋯
≤

i
s

≤
n
}

agree. The singularities of $$C_A$$

C
A

determines the asymptotic behaviour of |sA|, equivalently the Hilbert polynomial of $$C_A$$

C
A

, and the asymptotic structure of sA. We show that some additive inverse problems can be translate to the rigidity of Hilbert polynomials and we improve an upper bound of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of monomial projective curves by using results of additive combinatorics.
Identification of the hazelnut cultivar in raw kernels and in semi-processed and processed products
Authors: Giulia Talucci , Vallauri Giulia , Pavese Vera , Valentini Nadia , Ruffa Paola , Botta Roberto , Torello Marinoni Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe request for an efficient traceability system able to identify hazelnut cultivars along the entire processing chain is becoming a critical point for avoiding fraudulent practices and safeguarding the interests of growers, food processors and consumers. In this study, DNA was extracted from different hazelnut matrices, including plant material (leaf, kernel and kernel episperm), and processed foods (paste, grain, flour and different types of snacks containing hazelnuts). The efficiency of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers was tested to identify the hazelnut cultivar ‘Tonda Gentile’ in all the supply chain. The analysis at 10 SSR loci was able to verify the presence/absence of the alleles of a declared cultivar contained in these matrices. The SSR analysis of DNA from raw episperm offers the possibility of identifying the mother cultivar and is suggested as an effective way to discover frauds since DNA analysis can be performed on individual kernels. For food matrices containing hazelnuts, the presence of the mother cultivar’s DNA can be assessed based on the identification of its alleles in the sample, although the presence of multiple alleles from the pollenizers makes the interpretation of results more difficult.
Does Water Quality Matter for Life Quality? A Study of the Impact of Water Quality on Well-being in a Coastal Community
Authors: Gunko Ruslan , Rapeli Lauri , Vuorisalo Timo , Scheinin Matias , Karell Patrik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost studies of life quality are concentrated on a country-level scale, while local differences within a country or area are less studied. Thus, the effect of the environment on life quality on a local scale remains understudied and is often represented by one generalized common factor. In this study, we investigated the effect of an objectively measured environmental quality variable and subjective reflections of this (perceptions of environmental quality) in relation to life quality in a coastal community. Hence, we tested the effect of objective and subjective water quality measures using a model, accounting for other traditional variables (e.g., income and health) that predict life quality variations. Our findings indicate that perceptions of the environment are strongly associated with life quality, whereas objectively measured environmental quality is associated with life quality to a lesser extent. Thus, our results suggest that the impact of the environment on life quality is mediated via the way the environment is perceived (psychological effects) and less by the actual conditions of the environment.