bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Sharing our voices’—Taking a learning disability history project online during a pandemic
Authors: Reeve Jacquelyn , Farmer Emily , Bayley William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the challenges faced by a team at the Grace Eyre Foundation in running a coproduced oral history project during the pandemic. It examines the benefits and challenges of working online, comparing this to face‐to‐face approaches.For over 100 years, the Grace Eyre Foundation has provided support to people with learning disabilities and/or autism across Sussex. Its founder, Grace Eyre Woodhead, was a pioneer—from around 1896 until her death in 1936, she advocated supporting people with learning disabilities in the community rather than in large, isolated institutions.With Heritage Lottery funding awarded in 2019, ‘Sharing Our Voices’ set out to:

create a digital, oral history collection of people who had lived in Shared Lives arrangements since the 1950s.

create a digital archive of the life and work of Grace Eyre Woodhead.

devise a play inspired by the experience of exploring these histories, to be performed as part of the Brighton Fringe Festival 2021.This article:

Describes how the Project Team adapted to continue the project during the 2020–2021 lockdowns.

Discusses the opportunities, and limitations, of training people using online technologies.

Demonstrates the opportunities, and limitations, of conducting oral history interviews online.

Concludes that while online technologies are useful, enabling oral history work to continue under restrictions, there are limits to what can be achieved. We set out some of our learning here but it is hard to see how working online could ever fully replace the benefits of meeting face to face.
Synthesis and structure‐activity relationship of thiol‐based histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors
Authors: Guo Zheng , Zhang Yi , Bao Ya , Huang Ziyi , Gu Xiu , Wang Guan , Li Jianqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors are safe and well‐tolerated with less off‐target effect. However, most available HDAC6 inhibitors contain hydroxamate as a zinc‐binding group (ZBG), and their unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties along with potential genotoxicity limited wide application in diverse diseases. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of selective HDAC6 inhibitors utilizing thiol as the ZBG and discussed their structure‐activity relationship based on molecular docking. In particular, compound 21, obtained by constantly step‐by‐step simplification and evolution based on Ricolinostat, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor in Phase II, unexpectedly showed high selectivity (29‐fold) and moderate potency (73 nM). Utilizing pyrimidine as a linker in thiol‐based HDAC6 inhibitors produces an utterly novel structure, which might display different pharmacokinetic properties and genotoxicity.
Talking with children and young people with 22q11DS about their mental health, behaviour, learning and communication
Authors: Wray Jo , Abrines Jaume Neus , Oulton Kate , Sell Debbie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground22q11DS11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a complex multisystem syndrome characterized by physical abnormalities, psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive deficits.The views of children and young people (CYP) about the challenges associated with their mental health, behaviour, learning and communication difficulties have not been reported. The aim of this study was to address this gap and to understand whether they had help and support with these and their views of this.MethodsA three‐phase mixed‐methods study was undertaken, involving interviews with CYP with 22q11DS, a follow‐up survey for those aged 11–25 years and a stakeholder workshop at which CYP presented their views of living with 22q11DS to health professionals and parents. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed, and non‐parametric statistics were used to analyse survey data.ResultsThe interviews (n = 13) and survey (n = 32) indicated a mixed picture, with some CYP not reporting ongoing problems; others who had problems received help but a sizeable proportion had unmet needs and wanted to receive help. Two‐thirds reported often experiencing negative feelings, and almost half had difficulties with social interactions. Family members were the main sources of support, with teaching assistants identified as an important support at school.ConclusionsThe emotional impact of 22q11DS on CYP can be significant: They often do not understand the consequences of having 22q11DS and are frequently not given strategies to understand and manage their feelings, behaviour or problems. This leads to a range of emotions that manifest in different ways at home and at school. CYP are able to talk about the impact of different aspects of 22q11DS on them, facilitated by the use of creative methods, but they differ in how the condition affects them and their perceptions about that. It is imperative that CYP themselves are asked about their experiences, feelings and needs to ensure tailoring of interventions to their individual requirements.
Hidden talents in context: Cognitive performance with abstract versus ecological stimuli among adversity‐exposed youth
Authors: Young Ethan S. , Frankenhuis Willem E. , DelPriore Danielle J. , Ellis Bruce J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdversity‐exposed youth tend to score lower on cognitive tests. However, the hidden talents approach proposes some abilities are enhanced by adversity, especially under ecologically relevant conditions. Two versions of an attention‐shifting and working memory updating task—one abstract, one ecological—were administered to 618 youth (Mage = 13.62, SDage = 0.81; 48.22% female; 64.56% White). Measures of environmental unpredictability, violence, and poverty were collected to test adversity × task version interactions. There were no interactions for attention shifting. For working memory updating, youth exposed to violence and poverty scored lower than their peers with abstract stimuli but almost just as well with ecological stimuli. These results are striking compared to contemporary developmental science, which often reports lowered performance among adversity‐exposed youth.
Trajectories of socially anxious behavior from age 5 to 13: Temperamental and sociocognitive pathways
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Harrewijn Anita , Almas Alisa , Fox Nathan A. , Henderson Heather A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors examined temperamental and sociocognitive predictors of socially anxious behavior from preschool to early adolescence. Children (N = 227; 59% male; 69% White) completed a speech task at ages 5, 7, 10, and 13 and socially anxious behaviors were coded. Behavioral inhibition (BI) was assessed at ages 2/3 and Theory of Mind (ToM) was assessed at age 4. Data collection occurred between 2003 and 2016. Three trajectories of socially anxious behavior were identified: high stable, average increasing, and low stable. Higher BI was related to the high stable trajectory, whereas lower ToM was related to the increasing trajectory of socially anxious behavior. There are heterogenous pathways of socially anxious behavior, which may be uniquely influenced by early temperamental and sociocognitive factors.
Recommendations for reporting statistical results when comparing proportions
Authors: Vrbin Colleen M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article serves as the first in a series that will offer recommendations for optimal data reporting, specifically focusing on statistical methods most frequently reported by the Cytopathology audience. Recommendations for reporting statistical results when comparing proportions is the first topic in the series since comparing proportions, particularly utilising the chi‐square test, was the most commonly reported inferential statistical test category over 2.5 years of Cytopathology articles.1 While this article will provide a summary of common tests used to compare proportions, an extensive review of each method, including test assumptions and calculations, is beyond the scope of this summary. The author recommends consulting a trained statistician prior to data collection to discuss an analytical plan, including determining the appropriate statistical test(s) to use.
Health care intelligent system: A neural network based method for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using MRI images
Authors: Abugabah Ahed , Mehmood Atif , Almotairi Sultan , Smadi Ahmad A. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and is considered the most common type of dementia. In many countries, AD is commonly affecting senior citizens having an aged more than 65 years. Machine learning‐based approaches have some limitations due to data pre‐processing issues. We propose a health care intelligent system based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) in this research work. It classifies normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. The proposed model is employed on white matter (WM), and grey matter (GM) tissues with more cognitive decline features. In the experimental process, we used 375 Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) subjects collected from Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI), including 130 NC people, 120 MCI patients, and 125 AD patients. We extract three major regions during pre‐processing, that is, WM, GM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study shows promising classification results for NC versus AD 97.94%, MCI versus AD 92.84%, and NC versus MCI 88.15% on GM images. Furthermore, our proposed model attained 95.97%, 90.82%, and 86.87% on the same three binary classes on WM tissue, respectively. When comparing existing studies in terms of accuracy and other evaluation parameters, we found that our proposed approach shows better results than those approaches based on the CNN method.
Pulse plethysmograph signal analysis method for classification of heart diseases using novel local spectral ternary patterns
Authors: Aziz Sumair , Khan Muhammad Umar , Iqtidar Khushbakht , Ali Sadaqat , Remete Ancuta Nicoleta , Javid Muhammad Arshad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCardiac disorders are one of the prime reasons for an increasing global death rate. Reliable and efficient diagnosis procedures are imperative to minimize the risk posed by heart disorders. Computer‐aided diagnosis, based on machine learning and biomedical signal analysis, has recently been adopted by researchers to accurately predict cardiac ailments. Multi‐channel Electrocardiogram signals are mostly used in scientific literature as an indicator to diagnose cardiac disorders. Recently pulse plethysmograph (PuPG) signal got attention as an evolving biosignal and promising diagnostic tool to detect heart disorders since it has a simple sensor with low cost, non‐invasive, reliable, and easy to handle technology. This article proposes a computer‐aided diagnosis system to detect Myocardial Infarction, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, and Hypertension from PuPG signals. Raw PuPG signal is first preprocessed through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) by removing the redundant and useless information content. Then, highly discriminative features are extracted from preprocessed PuPG signal through novel local spectral ternary patterns (LSTP). Extracted LSTPs are input to a variety of classification methods such as support vector machines (SVM), K‐nearest neighbours, decision tree, and so on. SVM with cubic kernel yielded the best classification performance of 98.4% accuracy, 96.7% sensitivity, and 99.6% specificity with 10‐fold cross‐validation. The proposed framework was trained and tested on a self‐collected PuPG signals database of heart disorders. A comparison with previous studies and other feature descriptors shows the superiority of the proposed system. This research provides better insights into the contributions of PuPG signals towards reliable detection of heart disorder through low‐cost and non‐invasive means.
Origin of the tropical–polar biodiversity contrast
Authors: Crame J. Alistair , McGowan Alistair J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the evolutionary origins of the striking biodiversity contrast between high‐ and low‐latitude regions in the present day. Is this a relatively recent phenomenon, causally linked in some way to the greenhouse–icehouse transition and onset of global coolingc. 34 Myr ago, or does it have deeper temporal roots and thus other potential causes?LocationEarly Cenozoic fossil assemblages from two tropical and one polar region, and modern counterparts from various tropical localities and Antarctica.Time periodThe Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K/Pg) mass extinction event, Early Cenozoic (Palaeocene–Eocene) and the present day.Major taxa studiedShelf‐depth marine Mollusca; the four richest modern benthic clades: Imparidentia, Pteriomorphia, Neogastropoda and Littorinimorpha.MethodsThe K/Pg mass extinction and subsequent recovery was compared between two tropical and one polar region at four distinct stratigraphic intervals. Taxa were identified to species level and assigned to principal families within the four largest benthic molluscan clades. Taxon counts were compared between the three regions at each level and also compared with standardized tropical and polar modern faunas.ResultsThe mass extinction was followed by a distinct 25 Myr phase of evolutionary radiation, during which the tropical–polar contrast in the taxonomic composition of all four clades was strongly enhanced; as the global molluscan fauna expanded, it differentiated into distinct low‐ and high‐latitude components.Main conclusionsA marked differentiation of tropical and polar molluscan faunas occurred in the immediate aftermath of the K/Pg mass extinction; it is likely that, at least for the two bivalve clades investigated, this differentiation was initiated well within the Mesozoic era. The greater antiquity of the tropical–polar split suggests that it was not the product of any single controlling factor during the Cenozoic.
Local anthropogenic stress does not exacerbate coral bleaching under global climate change
Authors: Johnson Jack V. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimRising ocean temperatures are widely recognized as the dominant driver behind the rapid degradation of coral reefs via the process of coral bleaching (the expulsion of photosynthetic endosymbionts, which reveals the coral skeleton). However, bleaching of hard corals is often assumed to be further aggravated by the effect of local‐scale stressors from anthropogenic activity, accelerating coral reef decline where these stressors are stronger. Despite the importance of this hypothesis, the interaction between climate change and local stressors for driving coral bleaching has only been investigated in a handful of studies, with no large scale (regional or global) test conducted thus far. We investigate the impact of human population density (HPD) – a proxy for local stressors – in both protected and non‐protected marine regions, and their interaction under heat stress as drivers of coral bleaching.LocationGlobal.Time period2002–2018.Major taxa studiedScleractinia corals.MethodsUsing 9,170 coral reef surveys worldwide, we performed Bayesian modelling to assess the probability of coral bleaching in response to local‐scale stressors in interaction with global warming.ResultsLocal HPD does not exacerbate coral bleaching, either independently or under thermal stress from climate change. Rather, the relationship between HPD and temperature stress appears weakly antagonistic for coral bleaching, contradicting the expectation that HPD increases sensitivity of corals to bleaching under thermal stress.Main conclusionsLocal HPD does not interact with global warming for degrading coral reefs. However, regional variation in bleaching patterns exists. Consequently, bleaching will continue to occur on most coral reefs globally regardless of local HPD. Thus, it is likely that even isolated, well‐protected, coral reefs will continue to decline because of climate warming‐induced bleaching. Therefore, tackling the source of global warming remains the most effective way to mitigate coral reef decline via coral bleaching.
A real‐world, observational study of erenumab for migraine prevention in Canadian patients
Authors: Becker Werner J. , Spacey Sian , Leroux Elizabeth , Giammarco Rose , Gladstone Jonathan , Christie Suzanne , Akaberi Arash , Power G. Sarah , Minhas Jagdeep K. , Mancini Johanna , Rochdi Driss , Filiz Ayca , Bastien Natacha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess real‐world effectiveness, safety, and usage of erenumab in Canadian patients with episodic and chronic migraine with prior ineffective prophylactic treatments.BackgroundIn randomized controlled trials, erenumab demonstrated efficacy for migraine prevention in patients with ≤4 prior ineffective prophylactic migraine therapies. The “Migraine prevention with AimoviG: Informative Canadian real‐world study” (MAGIC) assessed real‐world effectiveness of erenumab in Canadian patients with migraine.MethodsMAGIC was a prospective open‐label, observational study conducted in Canadian patients with chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM) with two to six categories of prior ineffective prophylactic therapies. Participants were administered 70 mg or 140 mg erenumab monthly based on physician’s assessment. Migraine attacks were self‐assessed using an electronic diary and patient‐reported outcome questionnaires. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects achieving ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) after the 3‐month treatment period.ResultsAmong the 95 participants who mostly experienced two (54.7%) or three (32.6%) prior categories of ineffective prophylactic therapies and who initiated erenumab, treatment was generally safe and well tolerated; 89/95 (93.7%) participants initiated treatment with 140 mg erenumab. At week 12, 32/95 (33.7%) participants including 17/64 (26.6%) CM and 15/32 (48.4%) EM achieved ≥50% reduction in MMD while 30/86 (34.9%) participants including 19/55 (34.5%) CM and 11/31 (35.5%) EM achieved ≥50% reduction in MMD at week 24. Through patient‐reported outcome questionnaires, 62/95 (65.3%) and 45/86 (52.3%) participants reported improvement of their condition at weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Physicians observed improvement in the condition of 78/95 (82.1%) and 67/86 (77.9%) participants at weeks 12 and 24, respectively.ConclusionOne‐third of patients with EM and CM achieved ≥50% MMD reduction after 3 months of erenumab treatment. This study provides real‐world evidence of erenumab effectiveness, safety, and usage for migraine prevention in adult Canadian patients with multiple prior ineffective prophylactic treatments.
Environmental change and human mobility: Opportunities and challenges of big data
Authors: Martin Susan F. , Singh Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the use of big data in understanding population movements in the context of environmental change, with particular attention to publicly available information from social media and newspapers. After discussing causal factors, the paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using big data, and mathematical models that may help capture the complexity of human mobility in the context of environmental change. We conclude that big data can be an important part of a toolkit in discerning drivers of migration and displacement. It is no panacea, however; the paper discusses potential problems in its use, particularly if big data are analysed to prevent people from moving out of harm's way. Therefore, partnerships between computer scientists and subject matter experts and practitioners are essential to ensuring that what is gathered from big data is usable, credible, and protects the privacy and rights of those who may be displaced.
Mainstreaming ‘gender’ and ‘integration’ needs in human development initiatives: Asian and African migrant women's integration in Europe
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Wajid , Kauser Rubina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study examines the inclusion of ‘gender’ in the policies/legislation relating to the human development of women migrants (from Asian and African origins) and their impact on six determinants of migrant's gender ideology in two different European gender regimes: Germany and Sweden. The study is conducted in four stages: (1) thematic analysis of different conventions and recommendations of the UN, ILO, and EU, (2) latent analysis of selected policies/legislation, (3) survey of women migrants, and (4) expert interviews. Exposure to relatively egalitarian gender regimes through migration has brought positive changes in all determinants of the gender ideology of migrants, except domestic chores and caregiving responsibilities. Inclusion of a missing ‘gender’ perspective in relevant measures can expedite smooth integration of migrants, but lack of political commitment, scarcity of financial resources, the absence of gender experts, and lack of coordination between line ministries/agencies are salient barriers to its ‘inclusion’ in both countries.
Fitting random regression models with Legendre polynomial and B‐spline to model the lactation curve for Indian dairy goat of semi‐arid tropic
Authors: Dige Mahesh Shivanand , Rout Pramod Kumar , Singh Manoj Kumar , Bhusan Saket , Gowane Gopal Ramdasji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present investigation aimed at genetic evaluation of tropical Indian dairy Jamunapari goat using random regression models (RRM) for the estimation of genetic parameters in the first three lactations across test days (TD) and also to come out with a pragmatic breeding plan in the nucleus. Variations in the lactation curves were modelled using 67,172 TD milk yield (TDMY) records. To obtain adequate and parsimonious models for the estimation of genetic parameters, orthogonal Legendre Polynomials (LP) and B‐splines (BS) were compared. The analysis was carried out using a single‐trait RRM approach. Average TDMY was 0.72, 0.81 and 0.79 kg in 1st to 3rd parities that also had 4th TD peak yield in common. BS function resulted in robust genetic parameters and a smoother curve for lactation as compared to LP. Maternal effects were evaluated and then dropped from the final model, owing to no significant contribution to the genetic variance. The best RRM was a quadratic BS function with six knots for the mean trend, curves of additive genetic, animal permanent environmental (c2) and 22 classes of residual variance. Additive variances and heritability (h2) estimates were higher in the early lactation. For first parity, the estimates of h2 varied between 0.19 to 0.35 across TD. Moderate h2 estimate suggests further scope for selection using desirable combinations of TD over the lactation. We observed a very high variance due to c2 across TD in three lactations. Genetic correlations were positive and larger between adjacent TDMY and weakened for distant TDMY. Looking into the robust estimates of genetic parameters and better fitting of lactation curve, we suggest the use of B‐spline function for regular genetic evaluation of Jamunapari goat.