bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated Motor Training on Attention Reaching Skills and Stereotypies in Rett Syndrome
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Giannatiempo Samantha , Caprì Tindara , Semino Martina 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew studies investigated the effect of a structured and specific training for upper limb motor skills allowing complex movements such as reaching and grasping.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of motor training on attention, reaching skills, and stereotypies in patients with Rett syndrome (RTT).MethodsTwenty‐eight participants with RTT underwent cognitive and motor assessment to evaluate attention, reaching skills and stereotypies with an ABABABA design: before training (pre‐test phase), after a month of training (post‐test phase 1), after a month of the second training phase (post‐test phase 2) and at 1 month after the third training phase (post‐test phase 3). In all three B phases, participants received 30 minutes of motor training for 5 days a week over a 1‐month period.ResultsPatients with RTT show long‐term improvements in seconds of attention and reaching skills and decreases in the intensity of stereotypies.ConclusionsThis study suggests that motor abilities of participants with RTT can be improved with repeated, individual, well‐structured training.
Open‐label pilot study of ranolazine for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chandrashekhar Swathy , Hamasaki Anai C. , Clay Rebecca , McCalley Ayla , Herbelin Laura , Pasnoor Mamatha , Jawdat Omar , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Barohn Richard J. , Statland Jeffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsNeuronal hyperexcitability (manifested by cramps) plays a pathological role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and drugs affecting it may help symptomatic management and slow disease progression. We aimed to determine safety and tolerability of two doses of ranolazine in patients with ALS and evaluate for preliminary evidence of drug‐target engagement by assessing muscle cramp characteristics.MethodsWe performed an open‐label dose‐ascending study of ranolazine in 14 individuals with ALS in two sequential cohorts: 500 mg (cohort 1) and 1000 mg (cohort 2) orally twice daily. Each had a 2‐week run‐in period, 4‐week drug administration, and 6‐week safety follow‐up. Primary outcome was safety and tolerability. Exploratory measures included cramp frequency and severity, fasciculation frequency, cramp potential duration, ALS Functional Rating Scale‐‐‐Revised score, and forced vital capacity.ResultsSix and eight participants were enrolled in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. There were no serious adverse events. Two subjects in cohort 2 discontinued the drug due to constipation. The most frequent drug‐related adverse event was gastrointestinal (40%). Cramp frequency decreased by 54.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%‐70.8%) and severity decreased by 46.3% (95% CI, 29.5‐63.3%), which appeared to be dose‐dependent, with decreased awakening due to cramps. Other outcomes showed no change.DiscussionRanolazine was well tolerated in ALS up to 2000 mg/day, with gastrointestinal side effects being the most frequent. Ranolazine reduced cramp frequency and severity, supporting its investigation for muscle cramps in a future placebo‐controlled trial.
Psychological state and its correlates of local college students in Wuhan during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Fenghuixue , Dai Luojia , Cai Yuyang , Chen Xin , Li Jiaqing , Shi Lili 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2020, the lockdown of Wuhan due to the outbreak of COVID‐19 impacted various aspects of local college students' life and may further negatively affect their psychological state. This study was conducted among 652 Wuhan local college students during the quarantine of this city. We assessed their psychological state using Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale 21 and evaluated their living condition including diet, schedule, recreational activities, social contact, academic life, and attention paid to pandemic news. Results showed that 16.87% of the students reported stress, 28.68% with anxiety, and 35.12% had depression. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, having a medical background was associated with higher stress levels; students who had an irregular diet and schedule were more likely to develop stress, anxiety, and depression; students with their academic life affected had a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. By studying local students in the hardest‐hit area during the pandemic, our findings can provide references for the improvement of college students' mental health in the long term.
School counselors' attitude toward online counseling services during the pandemic: The effects of resilience and digital self‐efficacy
Authors: Akgül Gülendam , Atalan Ergin Derya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchool counseling activities have been delivered online during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This compulsory change has been associated with difficulties in school counseling services. The resilience and digital skills of school counselors are likely to influence the quality of counseling services and their attitude toward online work. Thus, we examined the role of resilience on their attitude toward online counseling services during the pandemic. We also looked at the role of digital skills on their attitudes toward online counseling. The sample consisted of 149 school counselors. We conducted structural equation modeling, in which the direct and indirect effects of resilience and digital self‐efficacy was tested. The results suggested that higher resilience was significantly associated with better attitudes toward school counseling. Moreover, resilient school counselors had higher digital self‐efficacy, which was associated with more positive attitudes toward online school counseling. The implications in terms of preservice and in‐service education of school counselors and interventions to promote resilience were discussed.
Intramolecular synergistic catalysis for asymmetric alternating copolymerization of CO2 and meso‐epoxides
Authors: Li Yi‐Ning , Yang Han‐Han , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAsymmetric alternating copolymerization of meso‐epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2) is an efficient route to produce isotactic polycarbonates with main‐chain chirality involving two contiguous stereogenic centers. Based on multi‐chiral induction and bimetallic synergistic catalysis, herein, we design novel binaphthol‐linked dinuclear aluminum complexes bearing quaternary ammonium salts anchored on the ligand with multiple chiralities for asymmetric copolymerization of CO2 and meso‐epoxides, affording the completely alternating polycarbonates with up to 99% enantioselectivity. Also, they are discovered to be highly active and enantioselective in catalyzing alternating copolymerization of phthalic anhydride and meso‐epoxides in a controlled manner. The linked‐chain length and steric hindrance at the para‐position on the phenolate moieties of the ligand have significant effects on both activity and enantioselectivity. Notably, the bifunctional, multichiral complexes prove to be highly enantioselective and selective even at a low catalyst loading of 20 ppm, indicating an intramolecular synergistic effect between the tethered quaternary ammonium salts and the metallic ions.
A Review on IMX‐101 and IMX‐104 Melt‐Cast Explosives: Insensitive Formulations for the Next‐Generation Munition Systems
Authors: Frem Dany 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIMX‐101 and IMX‐104 are novel insensitive melt‐pour explosives developed and produced by BAE Systems at the Holston Army Ammunition Plant (HSAAP). The U.S. Army has selected these two explosives as common low‐cost replacements for legacy explosives TNT and Composition‐B used in indirect fire weapons such as artillery and mortar munition systems. This paper will review the literature related to the properties and manufacturing processes of IMX‐101 and IMX‐104, including their physicochemical, thermal, explosive, and sensitivity properties as well as their behavior in Insensitive Munition (IM) tests specifically designed to simulate real threats and hazards faced by a munition on the battlefield. IMX‐101 has been qualified and is currently fielded in the 155 mm M795 and the 105 mm M1 rounds. IMX‐104 has been integrated into various mortar projectiles including the 60 and 81 mm rounds and is being evaluated as a main explosive charge in the next‐generation 155 mm family of ammunition, which includes the XM1128 Extended Range High Explosive round and the XM1113 Rocket Assisted Projectile (RAP).
Revisiting the Kinematics of the Cylinder Test
Authors: Chaos Marcos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cylinder expansion experiment is a well‐established performance test for condensed explosives that is utilized routinely to determine pressure‐energy‐volume relationships for detonation products. The modern cylinder test employs optical interferometric techniques to measure velocity, as opposed to older realizations where streak cameras were commonplace. Despite their widespread use, questions sometimes remain as to what kind of data the velocity diagnostics in a cylinder test provide along with how to interpret such measurements and relate them to physical quantities of interest. In this study, equations are derived that fully describe the kinematics of the cylinder wall during expansion. These equations are then applied to experimental as well as synthetic data generated via a hydrodynamic simulation in order to verify the mathematical framework developed.
A health and lifestyle framework: An evidence‐informed basis for contemporary physical therapist clinical practice guidelines with special reference to individuals with heart failure
Authors: Dean Elizabeth , Lomi Constantina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study proposes contemporary physical therapist clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) with special reference to heart failure (HF) be grounded in an evidence‐informed integrative health and lifestyle framework to not only better reflect the totality and weighting of the literature, but also in the interest of superior patient, clinical, and economic outcomes.MethodsAs an illustration, a health and lifestyle framework is described to underpin, thereby complement, recently published physical therapist CPGs for individuals with HF.ResultsThe case for the framework, an alternative to a single‐disease biomedical perspective, is consistent with 21st century professional and epidemiologic indicators. Four themes that emerged from the HF CPGs and further support such a framework, emerged that is, limitations of conventionally constructed CPGs; physical therapists' scope of practice as “health” professionals; “best” practice in an era of NCDs including HF; and superior economic benefit.DiscussionA health and lifestyle framework underpinning contemporary physical therapist CPGs will enable clinicians to better appreciate the power of lifestyle change in maximizing the health of the heart, its healing and repair, and in mitigating and reversing signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. Further, a focus on health and lifestyle will augment the benefits of the core, evidence‐based, key action statements related to exercise in the HF CPGs.
UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS Characterisation of Phenolic Compounds from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Kerebba Nasifu , Oyedeji Adebola O. , Byamukama Robert , Kuria Simon K. , Oyedeji Opeoluwa O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the antioxidant properties of different extracts of Tithonia diversifolia being strongly linked to phenolic content, the phenolic profile of this plant had not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, an analytical method based on a hybrid ultra‐performance liquid‐phase chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation/ quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometer powered with Orbitrap™ technology and equipped with a Thermo Scientific DAD detector (UPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐ QTOF ‐MS/MS) was used to characterise phenolic compounds. In total, 55 phenolic compounds from aqueous fractions of T. diversifolia have been identified. These included 7 novel hydroxycinnamates which were identified with the aid of 1D 1H and 13CNMR, UV and MS/MS of the isolated reference compound. In addition, total antioxidant activity dependence on the total phenol content was evaluated using correlation studies and results showed a moderate correlation. Thus T. diversifolia antioxidant potential was attributed to its phenolic compounds and other metabolites.
Sensitive Detection of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline in Cosmetics by Using a Poly(tannic acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Gao Zhimin , Zeng Qiang , Wang Min , Wang Lishi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTannic acid (TA) as a natural plant polyphenol bearing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups could cause considerable interactions with organic compounds. This work aims at detecting 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ) based on poly (tannic acid) (PTA) by electropolymerization of TA on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Owing to enhanced modified electrode surface area and interactions of PTA with 8‐HQ via hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking, PTA/GCE exhibits electrocatalytic activity to 8‐HQ. Using Differential pulse voltammetry, PTA/GCE shows two linear plots with 8‐HQ concentrations from 0.5 to 5 μmol L−1 and 5 to 50 μmol L−1, the detection limit is 0.036 μmol L−1. The PTA modified electrode also shows great reproducibility and stability. The application of the sensor for real hair conditioner samples is demonstrated with satisfactory result.
Fabrication of Na‐Ion Full‐Cells using Carbon‐Coated Na3V2(PO4)2O2F Cathode with Conversion Type CuO Nanoparticles from Spent Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Subramanyan Krishnan , Akshay Manohar , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offer immense potential in the form of resources such as Li, transition metals (Co, Ni, and Mn), graphite, and Cu, which can be recovered through suitable recycling procedures. The Cu‐current collector is recovered from spent LIBs and converted as a copper oxide (CuO) anode for Na‐ion batteries. The performance of CuO is evaluated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (CuO–C), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) (CuO–P) binders in CuO half‐cell and CuO/carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (CuO/NVPOF) full–cell assemblies. The CuO–C half‐cell displays superior electrochemical performance than CuO–P in terms of cycling and rate performance showing 88% more capacity. To study the stabilization and solid electrolyte interphase growth in CuO–C, an in situ impedance study is conducted. However, the full‐cell, CuO–P/NVPOF displays better capacity retention during cycling with Coulombic efficiency >95% from the second cycle, whereas CuO‐C/NVPOF could hardly maintain only >90%. For conversion type CuO, it is apparent that, though the CMC binder supports half‐cell performance, the PVdF binder is suitable for the practical cell/full‐cell configuration.
Research Design and Evaluation Strategies for Automated Driving
Authors: Kuhn Andreas , Carmona José , Thonhofer Elvira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutomated driving, in general, and platooning, in particular, represent a highly active field of research. The idea to automate traffic is closely related to high expectations in both individual and public transport. However, the complexity of automated driving requires methods beyond the traditional development approaches. This chapter describes a state-of-the-art methodology to organise and systematically address a comprehensive set of research questions in the context of truck platooning. Following best practices, an evaluation design is presented, which ensures the alignment of research efforts with the actual research agenda, that is, to answer the right questions. Specifically, the benefits of automated driving and their conflicting relationships are explored and the entities that affect automated driving performance and their interactions are presented. Finally, a solution concept that adequately addresses the complexity and the stochastic nature of the problem is presented. The solution concept consists of several key methods such as scenario-based design and stochastic simulation, data mining and complexity and robustness management.
Simulation of Platoon Dynamics, Optimisation and Traffic Effects
Authors: Thonhofer Elvira , Carmona José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines the methodologies required to realise a comprehensive scenario-based approach for effective and efficient development and validation of complex, cooperative control functions in connected and automated driving. These methods are exemplified for platooning and are devised in the scope of Connecting Austria, the Austrian flagship project on automated driving and goods transport. The development and validation approach have first been implemented vertically in depths for the intersection use cases of Connecting Austria. The scenario-based approach includes

The systematic identification, collection and collocation of the relevant and representative traffic scenarios.

The modelling and simulation of the according traffic and vehicle control strategies.

The effectiveness assessment of the traffic and vehicle control strategies with the help of suitable key performance indicators.

The controlled iterative adaption to new situations and boundary conditions by steady extension of the operational design domain within an adaptive, learning framework.

The demonstration use case “intersection” is the most complex with respect to possible C-ITS, traffic and vehicle control actions. That way generality should be guaranteed, enabling a quick, horizontal extension to further use cases and scenarios, aiming to cover all relevant situations for platooning vehicles within their operational design domain. The application of all methods introduced here will be demonstrated in Chap. 9.
Scenario-Based Simulation Studies on Platooning Effects in Traffic
Authors: Kuhn Andreas , Carmona José , Thonhofer Elvira , Hildenbrandt David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines the portfolio of simulation campaigns that have been carried out to thoroughly study the effects of platooning in the traffic system. The approach outlined in Chap. 7 is utilised to quantify typical platoon trajectories and manoeuvres in highway settings as well as in urban intersection scenarios. The addressed studies do not yield a single result, but instead depend on many parameters (such as platoon spacing/gap policy, surrounding traffic density and speed and many more) and are investigated in terms of the results’ sensitivities on these parameters. This approach allows one to draw meaningful conclusions despite the inherent uncertainty and spread of the influencing parameters. By using representative conditions, the resulting KPI distributions are evaluated and interpreted. Considering real traffic parameters, such as density, truck share, distances, speed and their empirical distributions and restrictions on the assumed “degree of connectivity” of trucks, maximum platoon length, an estimation of the real achievable traffic efficiency and the potential for improvement relative to the current status can be calculated.
Celonis PQL: A Query Language for Process Mining
Authors: Vogelgesang Thomas , Ambrosy Jessica , Becher David , Seilbeck Robert , Geyer-Klingeberg Jerome , Klenk Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProcess mining studies data-driven methods to discover, enhance, and monitor business processes by gathering knowledge from event logs recorded by modern IT systems. To gain valuable process insights, it is essential for process mining users to formalize their process questions as executable queries. For this purpose, we present the Celonis Process Query Language (Celonis PQL), which is a domain-specific language tailored toward a special process data model and designed for business users. It translates process-related business questions into queries and executes them on a custom-built query engine. Celonis PQL covers a broad set of more than 150 operators, ranging from process-specific functions to machine learning and mathematical operators. Its syntax is inspired by SQL, but specialized for process-related queries. In addition, we present practical use cases and real-world applications, which demonstrate the expressiveness of the language and how business users can apply it to discover, enhance, and monitor business processes. The maturity and feasibility of Celonis PQL is shown by thousands of users from different industries, who apply it to various process types and huge amounts of event data every day.
Downregulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in cystic fibrosis cells by epigenetic targeting
Authors: Blaconà Giovanna , Raso Roberto , Castellani Stefano , Pierandrei Silvia , Del Porto Paola , Ferraguti Giampiero , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Conese Massimo , Lucarelli Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe pathogenic mechanism of cystic fibrosis (CF) includes the functional interaction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein with the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The reduction of ENaC activity may constitute a therapeutic option for CF. This hypothesis was evaluated using drugs that target the protease-dependent activation of the ENaC channel and the transcriptional activity of its coding genes. To this aim we used: camostat, a protease inhibitor; S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), showed to induce DNA hypermethylation; curcumin, known to produce chromatin condensation. SAM and camostat are drugs already clinically used in other pathologies, while curcumin is a common dietary compound. The experimental systems used were CF and non-CF immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines as well as human bronchial primary epithelial cells. ENaC activity and SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G gene expression were analyzed, in addition to SCNN1B promoter methylation. In both immortalized and primary cells, the inhibition of extracellular peptidases and the epigenetic manipulations reduced ENaC activity. Notably, the reduction in primary cells was much more effective. The SCNN1B appeared to be the best target to reduce ENaC activity, in respect to SCNN1A and SCNN1G. Indeed, SAM treatment resulted to be effective in inducing hypermethylation of SCNN1B gene promoter and in lowering its expression. Importantly, CFTR expression was unaffected, or even upregulated, after treatments. These results open the possibility of CF patients’ treatment by epigenetic targeting.
Automorphism Groups of ind-Varieties of Generalized Flags
Authors: Ignatev Mikhail , Penkov Ivan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe compute the group of automorphisms of an arbitrary ind-variety of (possibly isotropic) generalized flags. Such an ind-variety is a homogeneous ind-space for one of the ind-groups $SL(\infty )$
S
L
(
∞
)
, $O(\infty )$
O
(
∞
)
or $Sp(\infty )$
S
p
(
∞
)
. We show that the respective automorphism groups are much larger than $SL(\infty )$
S
L
(
∞
)
, $O(\infty )$
O
(
∞
)
or $Sp(\infty )$
S
p
(
∞
)
, and present the answer in terms of Mackey groups. The latter are groups of automorphisms of non-degenerate pairings of (in general infinite-dimensional) vector spaces. An explicit matrix form of the automorphism group of an arbitrary ind-variety of generalized flags is also given. The case of the Sato grassmannian is considered in detail, and its automorphism group is the projectivization of the connected component of unity in the group known as Japanese $GL(\infty )$
G
L
(
∞
)
.