bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Genetics and Signatures of Selection in Early Neolithic European Farmers
Authors: Childebayeva Ainash , Rohrlach Adam Benjamin , Barquera Rodrigo , Rivollat Maïté , Aron Franziska , Szolek András , Kohlbacher Oliver , Nicklisch Nicole , Alt Kurt W. , Gronenborn Detlef , Meller Harald , Friederich Susanne , Prüfer Kay , Deguilloux Marie-France , Krause Johannes , Haak Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Human expansion in the course of the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia has been one of the major topics in ancient DNA research in the last 10 years. Multiple studies have shown that the spread of agriculture and animal husbandry from the Near East across Europe was accompanied by large-scale human expansions. Moreover, changes in subsistence and migration associated with the Neolithic transition have been hypothesized to involve genetic adaptation. Here, we present high quality genome-wide data from the Linear Pottery Culture site Derenburg-Meerenstieg II (DER) (N = 32 individuals) in Central Germany. Population genetic analyses show that the DER individuals carried predominantly Anatolian Neolithic-like ancestry and a very limited degree of local hunter-gatherer admixture, similar to other early European farmers. Increasing the Linear Pottery culture cohort size to ∼100 individuals allowed us to perform various frequency- and haplotype-based analyses to investigate signatures of selection associated with changes following the adoption of the Neolithic lifestyle. In addition, we developed a new method called Admixture-informed Maximum-likelihood Estimation for Selection Scans that allowed us test for selection signatures in an admixture-aware fashion. Focusing on the intersection of results from these selection scans, we identified various loci associated with immune function (JAK1, HLA-DQB1) and metabolism (LMF1, LEPR, SORBS1), as well as skin color (SLC24A5, CD82) and folate synthesis (MTHFR, NBPF3). Our findings shed light on the evolutionary pressures, such as infectious disease and changing diet, that were faced by the early farmers of Western Eurasia.
Human Herpesvirus-6 Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid on the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel in a High Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Prevalence African Setting
Authors: Milburn James , Lechiile Kwana , Siamisang Keatlaretse , Williams Christopher G , Owen Leah , Gwakuba Ezekiel , Machiya Tichaona , Leeme Tshepo , Barton Hannah E , Doyle Ronan , Tenforde Mark W , Mine Madisa , Goldfarb David M , Mokomane Margaret , Jarvis Joseph N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The prevalence and clinical relevance of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in patients with suspected meningoencephalitis in high human immunodeficiency virus-prevalence African settings are not known. We describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 13 patients with HHV-6 CSF PCR positivity in Botswana.
Ethnic Differences in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization and Hospital Outcomes in a Multiethnic Population in the Netherlands
Authors: Collard Didier , Stronks Karien , Harris Vanessa , Coyer Liza , Brinkman Kees , Beudel Martijn , Bokhizzou Nejma , Douma Renee A , Elbers Paul , Galenkamp Henrike , Wolde Marije ten , Prins Maria , van den Born Bert Jan H , Agyemang Charles 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence from the United States and United Kingdom suggests that ethnic minority populations are at an increased risk for developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, data from other West-European countries are scarce.

Methods
We analyzed data from 1439 patients admitted between February 2020 and January 2021 to 4 main hospitals in Amsterdam and Almere, the Netherlands. Differences in the risk for hospitalization were assessed by comparing demographics to the general population. Using a population-based cohort as reference, we determined differences in the association between comorbidities and COVID-19 hospitalization. Outcomes after hospitalization were analyzed using Cox regression.

Results
The hospitalization risk was higher in all ethnic minority groups than in those of Dutch origin, with age-adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–2.6) in Moroccans to 4.5 (95% CI, 3.2–6.0) in Ghanaians. Hypertension and diabetes were similarly associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. For all other comorbidities, we found differential associations. Intensive care unit admission and mortality during 21-day follow-up after hospitalization was comparable between ethnicities.

Conclusions
The risk of COVID-19 hospitalization was higher in all ethnic minority groups compared to the Dutch, but the risk of adverse outcomes after hospitalization was similar. Our results suggest that these inequalities may in part be attributable to comorbidities that can be prevented by targeted public health prevention measures. More work is needed to gain insight into the role of other potential factors such as social determinants of health, which might have contributed to the ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 hospitalization.
Making Andesites and the Continental Crust: Mind the Step When Wet
Authors: Reubi Olivier , Müntener Othmar 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Andesites are iconic of subduction zone magmatism. Yet intermediate magmas (57–66 wt % SiO2) are less abundant than generally thought in arc settings. A comparison of experimental hydrous liquid lines of descent, melt inclusions and bulk-rock compositions demonstrates the importance of polybaric crystallization–differentiation in producing the compositional range and dictating the relative abundance of arc melts, but also highlights the preponderant role of mixing (sensu lato) in producing andesitic magmas. Based on their P2O5 contents, at least 74% of the arc magmas with around 64 wt % SiO2 are inferred to be mixing products. In addition to their surprisingly low abundance, andesitic melt inclusions are characterized by relatively low H2O, Al2O3, ± Na2O contents compared to the ranges measured in mafic and silicic melt inclusions. These compositional characteristics suggest that there is a sweet spot for the production of andesitic melts delimited by the low-pressure stability limit of amphibole (&lt;150 MPa) and the adiabatic ascent path of mafic melts, but that this low-pressure differentiation pathway plays a minor role in the production of silicic arc magmas that principally form along high-pressure hydrous liquid line of descents (&gt;700 MPa) before decompression. The compositional bimodality recorded by the melt inclusions and in well-preserved intra-oceanic arc crustal sections is a fundamental characteristic of differentiation in transcrustal arc magmatic systems, with important consequences for the chemical evolution of the continental crust. We propose that the overall bimodality shown by arc melts does not relate to a compositional gap in the differentiation mechanisms but results from a combination of (1) the disparity in volume of differentiated magmas produced by low and high-pressure crystallization–differentiation and (2) the strong nonlinearity of the high-pressure liquid lines of descent in composition–temperature–crystallinity space related to crystallization of amphibole-rich assemblages. In this context, the compositional characteristics shared by andesitic magmas and the continental crust principally depict the central role of mixing and mass balance processes in producing andesitic compositions. The step in differentiation efficiency encountered by hydrous magmas entering the amphibole stability field at high pressure plays an important role in defining the silicic component involved in these scenarios.
Distinctive roles of mPFC subregions in forming impressions and guiding social interaction based on others’ social behaviour
Authors: Lim Gahyun , Kim Hackjin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
People can quickly form impressions of others from their social behaviour, which can guide their future social interactions. This study investigated how the type and timing of others’ social decisions affect the impression formation and social interactions. In each trial, participants watched a responder’s decision in an ultimatum game, decided whether to choose the responder as their next partner for proposer or responder and reported the perceived warmth, competence and likability of the responder. Participants preferred responders who accepted (i.e. accepters) unfair offers for the responder and those who rejected (i.e. rejecters) unfair offers for the proposer in their next ultimatum game, and the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity encoded such a strategic context-dependent valuation when choosing partners. Slow rejecters were perceived as warmer than fast rejecters, which was mirrored by the anterior mid-cingulate cortex activity when watching others’ decisions, possibly detecting and resolving conflicting impressions. Finally, those who perceived accepters vs rejecters as warmer showed higher ventral mPFC responses to accepters vs rejecters when choosing a partner, regardless of the context. The present study suggests that distinctive subregions of the mPFC may be differentially involved in forming impressions and guiding social interactions with others based on their social behaviours.
Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on in vitro nutrient digestibility of forage and high-starch concentrate substrates
Authors: Pan Liyi , Harper Karen , Queiroz Oscar , Copani Giuseppe , Cappellozza Bruno I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; experiment 1) and starch (experiment 2) digestibility of a variety of ruminant feedstuffs. In experiment 1, 10 forage sources were evaluated: ryegrass, alfalfa hay, leucaena, corn silage, spinifex, buffel grass, flinders grass, Mitchell grass, Rhodes grass hay, and Queensland bluegrass. Experimental treatments were control (forages with no probiotic inoculation; CON) and forage sources inoculated with a mixture containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (3.2 × 109 CFU per g; DFM). In vitro DM and NDF digestibility were evaluated at 24- and 48-h post-treatment inoculation. Treatment × hour interactions were noted for IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) and IVNDFD (in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility) (P ≤ 0.05). More specifically, DFM inoculation increased (P ≤ 0.03) IVDMD at 24 h in four forages and increased 48-h IVDMD (P ≤ 0.02) in alfalfa hay, ryegrass, leucaena, and Mitchell grass hay, but opposite results were observed for Queensland bluegrass (P &lt; 0.01). A 24- and 48-h IVNDFD increased following DFM inoculation (P ≤ 0.02) in five forage sources, but reduced for Queensland bluegrass (P &lt; 0.01). When the forages were classified according to their quality, main treatment effects were detected for IVDMD (P ≤ 0.02) and IVNDFD (P &lt; 0.01). In experiment 2, five common cereal grains were evaluated—high-density barley (82 g/100 mL), low-density barley (69 g/100 mL), corn, sorghum, and wheat—under the same treatments as in experiment 1. In vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) was evaluated at 6- and 12-h following treatment inoculation. Treatment × hour interactions were observed for starch digestibility in three out of five concentrate sources (P ≤ 0.001). Inoculation of DFM yielded greater 24-h starch digestibility for high-, low-density barley, and wheat (P ≤ 0.02), but also greater at 48 h in wheat (P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, mean starch digestibility improved for corn and sorghum inoculated with DFM (P &lt; 0.01). Using a Bacillus-based DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) improved the mean in vitro DM and NDF digestibility of different forage sources of varying qualities (based on crude protein content). Similarly, IVSD was also greater following DFM inoculation, highlighting the potential of this probiotic to improve nutrient digestibility and utilization in the beef and dairy cattle herd.
42 BLOOD PRESSURE DURING INFECTION AND SERUM CREATININE CONCENTRATIONS PREDICT SEVERE DISEASE IN COVID-19
Authors: Widiana I. Gde Raka , Bagiada I. Made , Mahandita Wira 
Published: May 2022

The severe of Covid-19 infection may associated with blood pressure and abnormality of kidney function. These abnormalities may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe Covid-19 infection.
This study aims to determine blood pressure during infection and creatinine concentrations are able to predict the severity of Covid-19 infection.
An observational analytical study was done at Sanglah Hospital during June to August 2021, using secondary data from hospital data system. Diagnosis of Covid-19 infection was made based of clinical and PCR positive of Covid-19. Data of patients was taken from blood test results at admission. SCAP was used for determination of disease severity, score 3 10 is defined as severe Covid-19 infection.
During the study 131 patients were included consisted of 77(58.8%) males and 54(41.2%) females. As many as 65 (49,6%) among 131 Covid-19 patients had severe disease (SCAP score 10 or more) with median SCAP score 10 (inter-quartile range 5-14. History of Hypertension were suffered by 57(43,5%), and Reduced kidney function were 65(49,6%) of the patients. At admission, patient with history of hypertension were significantly had higher (126 vs 113 mmHg; p<0.001) systolic BP than without history of hypertension, however there were negative significant association between systolic blood pressure during the disease and SCAP score (r=-0.14; p=0.04), and positive significant creatinine levels (r=0.33; p<0.001) with SCAP score. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that during the disease, every ten mmHg reduction of SBP increases risk by (100%-87%,) =13% and every single unit (mg/dL) increased of serum concentrations increases (172%-100%)= 72% of severe Covid-19 patients.
In conclusion, systolic blood pressure during infection and serum creatinine concentrations predict severe covid-19 infection
Standardizing Screw Head Orthopaedic Trauma Implants. Is There an Interest? An OTA Member Survey
Authors: Cunningham Brian P. , Higgins Thomas F. , Vallier Heather A. , Patterson Brendan M. , Only Arthur J. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To determine the level of interest in standardization of design for fracture fixation implants within the orthopaedic trauma community.

Methods:
A survey regarding implant removal concerns and implant design preferences was electronically distributed to members of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA).

Results:
Three hundred thirty respondents participated in the survey (response rate of 19%) Only 2.4% of respondents indicated a consistent ability to identify the implant vendor and/or manufacturer of retained implants in the preoperative planning phase of care; >75% of respondents reported investing a minimum of an additional 30 minutes to their operative times to remove screw(s) to successfully extract a plate. More than 80% of respondents reported multiple occurrences requiring modification of their surgical plans because of implants that could not be removed, preventing the completion of the planned procedure. The majority of respondents expressed interest in the adoption of standardized locking head screws for mini, small, and large screw sizes sets (63.5%); 84.8% of respondents desire standardization of screw head and driver sizes across the industry. Also, 83.6% of respondents expressed interest in the adoption of a standardized locking screw head for each cannulated screw, regardless of manufacturer.

Conclusions:
Members of the orthopaedic community, as represented in the membership of the OTA, are interested in the adoption of universal standards in implant design. Establishing standard screw heads and drivers will optimize the delivery of operative care.
The Behavioral Phenotype of 7q11.23 Duplication Syndrome Includes Risk for Oppositional Behavior and Aggression
Authors: Klein-Tasman Bonita P. , Yund Brianna D. , Mervis Carolyn B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
7q11.23 duplication syndrome (Dup7) is a genetic disorder with a variable phenotype associated with cognitive and behavioral characteristics including a high incidence of expressive language difficulties, social anxiety, and oppositional or disruptive behavior. Correlates of aggression and oppositionality were examined.

Method:
Participants were 63 children with genetically confirmed Dup7 between the ages of 4 and 17 years. A multimethod, multi-informant approach was used to assess aggression and oppositional behavior, and the contributions of cognitive functioning, expressive language, autism spectrum, social anxiety, and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptomatology were considered.

Results:
Elevated levels of aggression and oppositional behavior were found. Cognitive functioning, expressive language, and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology were not significantly related to parent ratings of aggression, although young children who had language and nonverbal cognitive delays were most likely to demonstrate examiner-observed aggression. Social anxiety and H/I symptomatology were related to defiant/aggressive and oppositional behavior.

Conclusion:
Genes in the 7q11.23 region duplicated in Dup7, in transaction with the environment, may contribute to aggressive and oppositional behavior.
Assessment of Executive Function in Infants and Toddlers: A Potential Role of the Bayley-4
Authors: Aylward Glen P. , Taylor H. Gerry , Anderson Peter J. , Vannier Louis Charles 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:

Objective:
The development of executive function (EF) in infants and toddlers has received increased interest by clinicians and researchers. Higher rates of deficits in EF have been reported in at-risk groups of infants such as those born extremely preterm. These deficits play an important role in the etiology of early neurodevelopmental problems and are predictive of subsequent nonoptimal educational outcomes. In this study, the Bayley-4 is used to follow the developmental course of EF and to determine whether EF is a unitary concept or can be parsed into discrete components over the first 42 months.

Method:
All 81 cognitive items from the Bayley-4 normative sample of 1700 infants and toddlers were classified a priori into 6 EFs, and then, 5 age groups derived from Bayley-4 start points were factor analyzed to determine at what age EFs emerge and to address the controversy of whether the factor structure of the cognitive items for each of 5 age groups reflect a single factor or multiple factors.

Results:
Bayley-4 items form 1 to 5 EF factors for each age group, accounting for 59% to 74% of the variance. There is a developmental progression in EF as well. The results indicate EF constructs can be identified early.

Conclusion:
Executive function tasks in infants and toddlers are interrelated with task content either remaining the same or changing with advancing age (i.e., content that is homotypic or heterotypic, respectively). EFs measured by Bayley-4 items are useful clinically and become more complex with increasing age, corresponding to more advanced brain development and integration. The findings have the potential of providing additional information in the assessment of infants at risk such as those born preterm.
Virtual management of hypertension: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic–International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
Authors: Khan Nadia A. , Stergiou George S. , Omboni Stefano , Kario Kazuomi , Renna Nicolas , Chapman Niamh , McManus Richard J. , Williams Bryan , Parati Gianfranco , Konradi Aleksandra , Islam Shariful M. , Itoh Hiroshi , Mooi Ching S. , Green Bev B. , Cho Myeong-Chan , Tomaszewski Maciej 
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused an unprecedented shift from in person care to delivering healthcare remotely. To limit infectious spread, patients and providers rapidly adopted distant evaluation with online or telephone-based diagnosis and management of hypertension.
It is likely that virtual care of chronic diseases including hypertension will continue in some form into the future. The purpose of the International Society of Hypertension's (ISH) position paper is to provide practical guidance on the virtual management of hypertension to improve its diagnosis and blood pressure control based on the currently available evidence and international experts’ opinion for nonpregnant adults. Virtual care represents the provision of healthcare services at a distance with communication conducted between healthcare providers, healthcare users and their circle of care. This statement provides consensus guidance on: selecting blood pressure monitoring devices, accurate home blood pressure assessments, delivering patient education virtually, health behavior modification, medication adjustment and long-term virtual monitoring. We further provide recommendations on modalities for the virtual assessment and management of hypertension across the spectrum of resource availability and patient ability.
Scleral Lens Thickness and Corneal Edema Under Closed Eye Conditions
Authors: Fisher Damien , Collins Michael J. , Vincent Stephen J. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To examine the relationship between central lens thickness and central corneal edema during short-term closed eye scleral lens wear.

Methods:
Nine participants (mean age 30 years) with normal corneas wore scleral lenses (Dk 141) under closed eye conditions on separate days with nominal center thicknesses of 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 μm. Epithelial, stromal, and total corneal edema were measured using high-resolution optical coherence tomography immediately after lens application and after 90 min of wear, before lens removal. Data were corrected for variations in initial fluid reservoir thickness and compared with predictions from theoretical modeling of overnight scleral lens wear.

Results:
Scleral lens–induced central corneal edema was primarily stromal in nature. The mean±standard error of corrected total corneal edema was 4.31%±0.32%, 4.55%±0.42%, 4.92%±0.50%, and 4.83%±0.22% for the 150-, 300-, 600-, and 1,200-μm lenses, respectively. No significant differences in the corrected total corneal edema were observed across all thickness groups (P=0.20). Theoretical modeling of overnight scleral lens wear seemed to overestimate the relative increase in central corneal edema as a function of decreasing lens Dk/t for values lower than 25.

Conclusion:
The magnitude of scleral lens–induced central corneal edema during short-term closed eye lens wear did not vary significantly with increasing central lens thickness. Theoretical modeling of overnight closed eye scleral lens wear seems to overestimate the effect of increasing lens thickness.