bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaspreisdeckel, Strommarkt und Makroeffekte in Deutschland und der EU
Authors: Röger Werner , Welfens Paul J. J. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Politik in Deutschland und vielen anderen EU-Ländern hat seit Spätsommer 2022 zunehmend die Option einer Gaspreisbremse und von Transferzahlungen an private Haushalte bei Gas-, Wärme- und Strombezug diskutiert. Wie eine Gaspreisbremse ausgestaltet sein soll — für jede Gaskundschaft im Haushalts- und Industriebereich oder nur für bestimmte gasverbrauchende Sektoren -, ist bislang analytisch kaum ausgeleuchtet. In Deutschland hat die Kommission für Gas und Wärme Vorschläge gegen die Energiepreisschocks geliefert, wobei von der Politik auch noch eine EU-Verzahnung angedacht ist: Von der Bundesregierung wurde auf dem Brüsseler EU-Ratsgipfel im Oktober bislang nur grünes Licht für ein Mehr an gemeinschaftlichem Gaseinkauf gegeben. Auf Basis eines makroökonomischen Modells wird aufgezeigt, dass ein spezieller Gaspreisdeckel nur beim Strommarkt — ergänzt um bestimmte Transfermaßnahmen — für die Volkswirtschaft ökonomisch optimal ist.
Inflation ist kein wirksames Heilmittel gegen eine hohe Staatsschuldenquote
Authors: Grömling Michael , Matthes Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWeltweit sind die Volkswirtschaften mit hohen Preissteigerungen konfrontiert. Unter anderem beeinflusst die Inflation den Staatshaushalt sowie die Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Schulden. Wie und in welchem Ausmaß wird die Staatsschuldenquote durch die höhere Inflationsrate beeinflusst? Es wird gezeigt, dass eine hohe Inflation kein Heilmittel gegen eine hohe Staatsschuldenquote ist.
Kapitalmarktbewertung der Amtszeiten der Vorstandsvorsitzenden der Deutschen Telekom
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J. , Schwetz Roman 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Telekom ist die mit Abstand größte Betreiberin von Fest- und Mobilfunknetzen in Deutschland. Deshalb kommt ihrer strategischen Positionierung nationale Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der infrastrukturellen Grundlagen der Digitalisierung zu. Nachfolgend wird angenommen, dass diese Positionierung wesentlich durch die Vorstandsvorsitzenden der Deutschen Telekom geprägt wird. Die Kapitalmarktbewertung des Konzerns während der Amtszeiten der vier bisherigen Vorstandsvorsitzenden werden unter Einbezug von drei Börsenindizes und den Big-Five-Tech-Unternehmen verglichen. Daraus werden Schlussfolgerungen zu aus Kapitalmarktsicht sinnvollen Strategieelementen der Deutschen Telekom und zur Berechtigung wirtschaftspolitischer Forderungen nach Netzinvestitionsabgaben von großen Over-The-Top-Unternehmen gezogen.
Schuldenbremse: Schätzmethode des Produktionspotenzials auf dem Prüfstand
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Koalitionsvertrag der Bundesregierung ist festgehalten, dass die Details der Schuldenbremse und vor allem die Regeln zur Bestimmung des Produktionspotenzials überprüft werden sollen. Insbesondere die Methodik zur Berechnung der konjunkturellen Defizite wird diskutiert, da diese entscheidend für das mögliche Maß an Neuverschuldung ist. Welche Eigenschaften eine solche Methodik haben sollte, ist umstritten. Ein grundsätzlicher Kritikpunkt des aktuellen Verfahrens ist die Revisionssensitivität und Prozyklizität, was tendenziell dazu führt, die konjunkturellen Defizite zu unterschätzen.
Die Konjunkturbereinigung der Schuldenbremse: ein Plädoyer für methodische Reformen
Authors: Ochsner Christian , Zuber Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cyclical adjustment procedure of the debt brake is one of the most important elements of the German deficit rule. The cyclical adjustment enables governments that are borrowing to take account of current business cycle developments: In economic upturns, the scope for net borrowing shrinks, and in downturns, it grows. Recently, various aspects of this procedure have been criticised. We argue that methodical reforms to the estimation procedure can reduce revisions and are better suited to quantify estimation uncertainty. However, revisions cannot be completely avoided. In our view, improving the estimation method with a lagged consideration of revisions seems appropriate for fiscal policy. In contrast, the technical component of the cyclical adjustment procedure should not be the starting point for a political reorientation of the German debt brake.
Konjunkturbereinigung in der Schuldenbremse reformieren: Revisionen erst zeitverzögert einrechnen
Authors: Kremer Jana , Kuckuck Jan , Wendorff Karsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we point out requirements for potential output estimates used for cyclical adjustment in the German debt brake. Further, we propose supplementing the cyclical component in the debt break with an error term — regardless of the specific potential output estimation approach. The error term provides fiscal policy more time to adjust to potential output revisions and tax revenue forecast errors. Simulations based on past data show that the error term reduces erratic budgetary adjustments and strengthens automatic stabilisers.
Implementation and Mental Health Outcomes of a Service Cascade Linking Child Welfare and Children’s Mental Health Systems: A Case Study of the Gateway CALL Demonstration
Authors: Bunger Alicia C. , Yoon Susan , Maguire-Jack Kathryn , Phillips Rebecca , West Kristopher Y. , Clark-Hammond Gretchen , Kranich Christiana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mental health needs of children and youth involved in the child welfare system remain largely unmet. Service cascades are an emerging approach to systematizing mental health screening, assessment, and treatment referral processes. However, evidence is minimal and inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of such approaches for improving mental health service access and outcomes. In an effort to address this gap, this study presents a case-study of the implementation fidelity and treatment outcomes of the Gateway CALL service cascade. Study analyses involved longitudinal data collected as part of a larger evaluation of Gateway CALL. Specifically, descriptive and linear mixed model analyses were conducted to assess the implementation of service cascade components, and changes in mental health outcomes (behavior problems) among 175 children placed out-of-home during the study. Study analyses found that although fidelity was strong early in the service cascade, implementation began to break down once components involved more than one service system (child welfare, mental health). However, results also indicated that parent-reported child behavior problems decreased significantly over time, despite later cascade components being implemented with poor fidelity to the Gateway CALL service model. For children and youth involved in child welfare systems, service cascades like Gateway CALL have the potential to significantly improve both mental health service receipt and outcomes. To maximize the effectiveness of such approaches, later phases of implementation may require increased attention and support, particularly regarding processes and outcomes that cross child welfare and mental health service systems.
Restoration of calcareous grasslands by natural recolonization after forest clearing and its impact on the genetic variation of three common herb species
Authors: Iberl Katerina , Poschlod Peter , Reisch Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies-rich calcareous grasslands in Europe strongly declined during the twentieth century due to drastic land use changes. Many grasslands were converted into more productive pastures or are covered by shrubs or forests today, since they were overgrown after abandonment or afforested. Restoration of calcareous grasslands by shrub or forest clearing and subsequent recolonization of grassland species from adjacent grasslands is, therefore, an important conservation approach. Restored populations of calcareous grassland species may, however, differ from their source populations in genetic diversity and differentiation due to potential founder and bottleneck effects. In our study we analyzed, therefore, the impact of restoration by forest clearing and natural recolonization on the genetic variation of three common calcareous grassland species (Agrimonia eupatoria, Campanula rotundifolia, and Knautia arvensis) without a contribution of persistent seed bank, in South Western Germany. We used molecular markers AFLPs (Amplified fragment length polymorphisms) to compare genetic diversity within and differentiation between spontaneously recovered subpopulations with adjacent historically old, natural subpopulations at eight study sites. Restored parts of the grasslands have been re-established during the 1990s. Molecular markers revealed broadly similar levels of genetic diversity in source and restored subpopulations of the study species. Only A. eupatoria exhibited slightly higher diversity in restored subpopulations, which may be explained by higher dispersal potential due to the hooky fruits of the species. Genetic differentiation between source and restored subpopulations was not significant, indicating strong gene flow between the subpopulations. Our study underlines, therefore, that restoration of calcareous grasslands by natural recolonization after forest clearing is an efficient method to re-establish genetically variable subpopulations comparable to their sources.
Can learning presence be the fourth community of inquiry presence? Examining the extended community of inquiry framework in blended learning using confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: ElSayad Ghada 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Researchers continue to extend the community of inquiry (COI) framework, highlighting its utility in online and blended learning environments for providing a successful learning experience. Recent studies have added the learning presence dimension to the classic COI framework which contains teaching, social, and cognitive presences, to represent online students’ traits of self-regulation. However, there is a need to examine whether this additional presence structurally represents relationships with other COI presences. Attempting to fill this gap, this study examines the statistical structure of the extended COI framework (integrating the classic COI presences with the additional learning presence) as well as the structural path between the four presences, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 205 undergraduate students who were enrolled in blended courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study findings revealed that learning presence has strong correlations with the classic COI counterparts, especially cognitive presence. Furthermore, learning presence has significant positive relationships with cognitive presence and social presence. Overall, the validity and reliability of the extended COI framework (which integrates the classic COI presences with the additional learning presence) had been proven in this study. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework of the extended COI framework, proving their multi-dimensionality and inter-relationality.
Ensemble and Self-supervised Learning for Improved Classification of Seismic Signals from the Åknes Rockslope
Authors: Lee Daesoo , Aune Erlend , Langet Nadège , Eidsvik Jo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA case study with seismic geophone data from the unstable Åknes rock slope in Norway is considered. This rock slope is monitored because there is a risk of severe flooding if the massive-size rock falls into the fjord. The geophone data is highly valuable because it provides 1000 Hz sampling rates data which are streamed to a web resource for real-time analysis. The focus here is on building a classifier for these data to distinguish different types of microseismic events which are in turn indicative of the various processes occurring on the slope. There are 24 time series from eight 3-component geophone data for about 3500 events in total, and each of the event time series has a length of 16 s. For the classification task, novel machine learning methods such as deep convolutional neural networks are leveraged. Ensemble prediction is used to extract information from all time series, and this is seen to give large improvements compared with doing immediate aggregation of the data. Further, self-supervised learning is evaluated to give added value here, in particular for the case with very limited training data.
Salsolinol Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MPP+ Damage and Increases Enteric S100-Immunoreactivity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Kurnik-Łucka Magdalena , Latacz Gniewomir , Goryl Joanna , Aleksandrovych Veronika , Gil Krzysztof 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA dopamine derivative, 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, known as salsolinol (SAL), has increasingly gained attention since its first detection in the urine of Parkinson’s disease patients treated with levodopa, and has been proposed as a possible neurotoxic contributor to the disease. Yet, so far, the neurobiological role of SAL remains unclear. Thus, the main aims of our study were to compare the neurotoxic potential of SAL with MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) in vitro, and to examine intestinal and metabolic alterations following intraperitoneal SAL administration in vivo. In vitro, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line was monitored following MPP+ and SAL treatment. In vivo, Wistar rats were subjected to SAL administration by either osmotic intraperitoneal mini-pumps or a single intraperitoneal injection, and after two weeks, biochemical and morphological parameters were assessed. SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ (1000 μM) and SAL (50 µM) showed increase in cell viability and fluorescence intensity in comparison with the cells treated with MPP+ alone. In vivo, we predominantly observed decreased collagen content in the submucosal layer, decreased neuronal density with comparable ganglionic area in the jejunal myenteric plexus, and increased glial S100 expression in both enteric plexuses, yet with no obvious signs of inflammation. Besides, glucose and triglycerides levels were lower after single SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg), and low- to high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and aspartate to alanine aminotransferases (AST/ALT) ratio levels were higher after continuous SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg in total over 2 weeks). Low doses of SAL were non-toxic and exhibited pronounced neuroprotective properties against MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cell line, which supports the use of SAL as a reference compound for in vitro studies. In vivo results give insight into our understanding of gastrointestinal remodeling following intraperitoneal SAL administration, and might represent morphological correlates of a microglial-related enteric neurodegeneration and dopaminergic dysregulation.
Optimization of Lung Surfactant Coating of siRNA Polyplexes for Pulmonary Delivery
Authors: Baldassi Domizia , Ngo Thi My Hanh , Merkel Olivia M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to understand how coating with a pulmonary surfactant, namely Alveofact, affects the physicochemical parameters as well as in vitro behavior of polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes for pulmonary siRNA delivery.

Methods
Alveofact-coated polyplexes were prepared at different Alveofact:PEI coating ratios and analyzed in terms of size, PDI and zeta potential as well as morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The biological behavior was evaluated in a lung epithelial cell line regarding cell viability, cellular uptake via flow cytometry and gene downregulation by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a 3D ALI culture model was established to test the mucus diffusion and cellular uptake by confocal microscopy as well as gene silencing activity by qRT-PCR.

Results
After optimizing the coating process by testing different Alveofact:PEI coating ratios, a formulation with suitable parameters for lung delivery was obtained. In lung epithelial cells, Alveofact-coated polyplexes were well tolerated and internalized. Furthermore, the coating improved the siRNA-mediated gene silencing efficiency. Alveofact-coated polyplexes were then tested on a 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) culture model that, by expressing tight junctions and secreting mucus, resembles important traits of the lung epithelium. Here, we identified the optimal Alveofact:PEI coating ratio to achieve diffusion through the mucus layer while retaining gene silencing activity. Interestingly, the latter underlined the importance of establishing appropriate in vitro models to achieve more consistent results that better predict the in vivo activity.

Conclusion
The addition of a coating with pulmonary surfactant to polymeric cationic polyplexes represents a valuable formulation strategy to improve local delivery of siRNA to the lungs.

Graphical Abstract
The efficacy and safety of tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischemic stroke: an updated systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Seri Amith Reddy , Awad Ahmed K. , Ahmad Unaiza , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Albazee Ebraheem , Kambalapalli Soumya , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTenecteplase (TNK) is a promising candidate to replace alteplase as the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the optimal dosage is still to be investigated. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TNK versus alteplase and to investigate the optimal TNK dosage. A systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from WOS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and PubMed until July 26th, 2022. We used the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We registered our protocol in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42022352038. Nine RCTs with a total of 3,707 patients were included. TNK significantly led to complete recanalization (RR: 1.27 with 95% CI [1.02, 1.57], P = 0.03); however, we found no difference regarding early neurological improvement (RR: 1.07 with 95% CI [0.94, 1.21], P = 0.33) and excellent neurological recovery (RR: 1.03 with 95% CI [0.96, 1.10], P = 0.42). Also, TNK was similar to alteplase regarding mortality (RR: 0.99 with 95% CI [0.82, 1.18], P = 0.88), intracranial haemorrhage (RR: 1.00 with 95% CI [0.85, 1.18], P = 0.99), and parenchymal hematoma (RR: 1.13 with 95% CI [0.83, 1.54], P = 0.44). TNK in the dose of 0.25 mg is a viable candidate to displace alteplase as the standard of care in patients with an AIS within 4.5 h of presentation due to its better rate of early neurological recovery and non-inferiority in terms of safety outcomes. However, the evidence regarding TNK’s role in AIS presenting after 4.5 h from symptoms onset, wake-up stroke, and minor stroke/TIA is still lacking, necessitating further double-blinded pragmatic RCTs in this regard.
Selective Catalytic Reduction with Hydrogen for Exhaust gas after-treatment of Hydrogen Combustion Engines
Authors: Borchers Michael , Lott Patrick , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, two palladium-based catalysts with either ZSM-5 or Zeolite Y as support material are tested for their performance in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with hydrogen (H2-SCR). The ligh-toff measurements in synthetic exhaust gas mixtures typical for hydrogen combustion engines are supplemented by detailed catalyst characterization comprising N2 physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). Introducing 10% or 20% TiO2 into the catalyst formulations reduced the surface area and the number of acidic sites for both catalysts, however, more severely for the Zeolite Y-supported catalysts. The higher reducibility of the Pd particles that was uncovered by H2-TPR resulted in an improved catalytic performance during the light-off measurements and substantially boosted NO conversion. Upon exposition to humid exhaust gas, the ZSM-5-supported catalysts showed a significant drop in performance, whereas the Zeolite Y-supported catalyst kept the high levels of conversion while shifting the selectivity from N2O more toward NH3 and N2. The 1%Pd/20%TiO2/HY catalyst subject to this work outperforms one of the most active and selective benchmark catalyst formulations, 1%Pd/5%V2O5/20%TiO2-Al2O3, making Zeolite Y a promising support material for H2-SCR catalyst formulations that allow efficient and selective NOx-removal from exhaust gases originating from hydrogen-fueled engines.
Heavy metals and micronutrients assessment in soil and groundwater using geospatial analyses under agricultural exploitation in dry areas
Authors: Metwaly Mohamed M. , AbdelRahman Mohamed A. E. , Abdellatif Bassam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study used a geospatial model to evaluate the regional distributions and buildup of various Heavy Metals (HM) and micronutrients as a result of groundwater irrigation used for lengthy periods in Egypt’s El-Kharga and El-Farafra oases, which were formed on western desert terrain, were the subject of the study. To fulfill this aim, field sampling of soil and groundwater was integrated with cartographic modeling. The evaluated HM concentrations in the water samples are below the permitted level for irrigation. The surface soil’s element concentrations were within acceptable limits. However, protracted mobility and a potency risk for soil smearing were not spotted. The apportionment of HM concentricity versus soil profundity showed that the assemblage was primarily in the topsoil. Future management plans should consider ongoing HM level monitoring. The lands are divided into three classes: II, III, and IV, according to their capabilities, while the soils are divided into three classes based on their suitability: moderately suitable class S2, marginally acceptable class S3, and permanently unsuitable class N2. Additionally, soil fertility and quality were categorized into low and moderate categories. Land evaluations indicate that they are promising areas for agricultural investment under the conditions of using modern agricultural techniques. The most important results of the study are that the non-technical use of irrigation water in some areas has exacerbated the problems of salinity, especially in those where the drainage characteristics are poor. Concentrations of HM were found only in agricultural areas adjacent to urban areas and poor drainage, especially in agricultural areas reclaimed for more than 50 years. High concentrations of HM were also found in shallow wells close to the same places, and there were no significant concentrations in blind wells. The main recommendation of the study is the necessity of using modern agricultural and irrigation systems in those places.