bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing acquisition times for total-body positron-emission tomography/computed tomography with half-dose 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in oncology patients
Authors: He Yibo , Gu Yushen , Yu Haojun , Wu Bing , Wang Siyang , Tan Hui , Cao Yanyan , Chen Shuguang , Sui Xiuli , Zhang Yiqiu , Shi Hongcheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to explore the boundary of acquisition time and propose an optimized acquisition time range for total-body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) oncological imaging using half-dose 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity based on diagnostic needs.
Methods
In this retrospective study, an exploration cohort (October 2019 to December 2019) of 46 oncology patients was first studied. The acquisition time for all patients was 15 min and the acquired images were reconstructed and further split into 15-, 8-, 5-, 3-, 2, 1-min duration groups (abbreviated as G15, G8, G5, G3, G2, and G1). The image quality and lesion detectability of reconstructed PET images with different acquisition times were evaluated subjectively (5-point scale, lesion-detection rate) and objectively (standardized uptake values, target-to-background ratio). In the same way, the filtered acquisition times were further validated in a cohort of 147 oncology patients (December 2019 to June 2021).
Results
In the exploration cohort, the subjective scores for G1, G2, G3, G5, and G8 images were 2.0 ± 0.2, 2.9 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.0, 3.9 ± 0.2, and 4.2 ± 0.4, respectively. Two cases in G1 were rated as 1 point. No significant difference in scores was observed between G5 and G8 (p > 0.99). In general, groups with a longer acquisition time showed lower background uptake and lesion conspicuity. Compared with G15, lesion-detection rate significantly reduced to 85.3% in G1 (p < 0.05). In the validation cohort, the subjective score was 3.0 ± 0.2 for G2, 3.0 ± 0.1 for G3, 3.6 ± 0.5 for G5, 4.0 ± 0.3 for G8, and 4.4 ± 0.5 for Gs. Only the scores between G2 and G3 were not significantly different (p > 0.99). The detection rates (204 lesions) significantly reduced to 94.1–90.2% in G3 and G2 (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
A 2-min acquisition time provided acceptable performance in certain groups and specific medical situations. And protocols with acquisition times ≥ 5 min could provide comparable lesion detectability as regular protocols, showing better compatibility and feasibility with clinical practice.
Almost-quasifibrations and Fundamental Groups of Orbit Configuration Spaces
Authors: Sayed Roushon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We introduce the notion of an almost-quasifibration and give many examples. As a consequence, supporting the Asphericity conjecture of [11], we deduce that the fundamental group of the orbit configuration space of an effective and properly discontinuous action of a discrete group, on an aspherical 2-manifold with isolated fixed points is torsion free. Furthermore, if the 2-manifold has at least one puncture then it is poly-free, and hence has an iterated semi-direct product of free groups structure, which generalizes a result of Xicot´encatl ([[16], Theorem 6.3]).
Improved low crosstalk, high transmission and quality factor eight channel demultiplexer based on photonic crystal
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Mohammadi Masoud , Olyaee Saeed , seifouri mahmood 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the importance of all-optical demultiplexers (DEMUXs) in optical communication networks, this study aims to design and simulate a novel type of DEMUX using 2D photonic crystals (2D-PhCs). The proposed structure consists of one input waveguide and eight output channels considering linear and point defects. To design this DEMUX, silicon dielectric rods with the refractive index of 3.45 are employed in the air background, the radius of which is equal to R = 0.21Ʌ (Ʌ = 0.522µm) where Ʌ is the lattice constant. The photonic band gap (PBG) and output spectrum of the structure are analyzed by the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods, respectively. The simulation results indicate the average quality factor and transmission efficiency are 3,602 and 98%, respectively, and inter-channel crosstalk ranges from − 60.5 to -25.5 dB.
Multi-granularity Feature Utilization Network for Cross-modality Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Yinyin , Chen Yuhao , Zhang Hongwei , Zheng Yuhui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cross-modality Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification (VI-ReID) aims to recognize images with the same identity between visible modality and infrared modality, which is a very challenging task. Because it not only includes the trouble of variations between cross-cameras in traditional person re-identification, but also suffers from the huge differences between two modalities. Some existing VI-ReID methods are often limited to single learning of global features or local features, while ignoring the complementarity between fine-grained and coarse-grained information. To solve this problem, our paper designs a multi-granularity feature utilization network (MFUN), which makes up for the lack of modality-shared information by learning fine-grained and coarse-grained features. Firstly, for the sake of learning fine-grained information, a local feature constraint module is introduced, in this module we use hard-mining triplet loss and heterogeneous center loss to constrain local features simultaneously to better promote intra-class closeness and inter-class differences at the coarse and fine granularity levels. Then, our method uses a multi-modality feature aggregation module for global features to fuse the information of two modalities to narrow the modality gap. Through the combination of these two modules, visible and infrared image features can be better fused, thus alleviating the problem of modality discrepancy and supplementing the lack of modality-shared information. Extensive experimental results on RegDB and SYSU-MM01 datasets fully prove that our proposed MFUN has superiority over the state-of-the-art solutions.
Knowledge Mapping of Planetary Boundaries based on Bibliometrics Analysis
Authors: CHEN Siying , Chen Demin , Tan Zhixiong , Chen Maozhi , Han Jingwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are an increasing number of academic researches and sustainable development policies focusing on planetary boundaries. However, no research has been conducted to far on drawing scientific investigation map of planetary boundaries. Therefore, this paper conducted a scientometric analysis of 530 academic publications and their 1784 references on planetary boundaries from 2009 to 2021 by visualizing the social network, dual-map overlay, co-cited references, structure variation article, and co-occurrence keywords with Citespace. The results show that as a new achievement and paradigm in the field of sustainable development research, the planetary boundaries framework is gradually getting global attention and promotion, which increasingly becomes an interdisciplinary hot research topic. The most productive authors and institutions are concentrated in England, the United States, Germany, and Sweden. Relevant articles were mainly published in journals focusing on ecology, earth, marine, veterinary, animal, economics and politics, as represented by the dual-map overlay. In addition, we summarized three predominant research themes by clustering keywords: the calculation of single boundary threshold and present value, the integration with assessment methods such as life cycle assessment and footprint families, the downscaling of planetary boundaries, and the expansion to economic and social domains. For scholars interested in this topic, this paper would be a useful reference and guideline.
MicroRNAs 181a and 125a are highly expressed in early diagnosed RRMS: a pilot case-control study
Authors: D'AMICO EMANUELE , allegretta caterina , Zanghì Aurora , manuti virginia , amoruso antonella , avolio carlo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently microRNAs (miRs) have been proposed as possible disease biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) field. Among miRs, those secreted through microvesicles (MVs) may contribute to different disease phases. Methods: This is a case-control study performed at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy. Patients have not been yet exposed to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and had received a confirmed diagnosis of relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). We analyzed the serum level of 6 MVs miRs by using Quantitative Real-Time PCR, comparing RRMS to HCs, with a 2:1 ratio. Subsequently, the differentially expressed miRNAs, were further tested with receiving operator curves (ROC). We aimed to explore possible role of MVs miRs as disease biomarker at the time of diagnosis.Results: A total of 12 patients were enroled. MiR-181a and miR-125a had higher levels in RRMS patients when compared to HCs (p<.01 and p<.05 respectively). The ROC curve indicated that both miR-181a and 125a could be considered as biomarkers with an area under the curve of 0.896 (p=.014; 95% CI: 0.72–1.00) and 0.785 (p=.046; 95% CI:0.59–1.00) respectively.Conclusions: Our study suggested MVs miR-181a and 125a as possible disease biomarkers in early diagnosed RRMS patients, not yet exposed to DMTs.
Gut microbiome contributes to cold-climate adaptation in lizards
Authors: Chen Jun-Qiong , Zhang Lu-Wen , Zhao Ru-Meng , Wu Hai-Xia , Lin Long-Hui , Li Peng , Li Hong , Qu Yan-Fu , Ji Xiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The metabolic cold-climate adaption hypothesis predicts that animals from cold environments have relatively high metabolic rates compared with their warm-climate counterparts. However, studies testing this hypothesis are sparse. Here, we compared gut microbes between two cold-climate lizard species of the genus Phrynocephalus to test the hypothesis that gut microbiota can help lizards adapt to cold environments by promoting metabolism and absorption efficiency. We kept lizards at 24°C and 30°C for 25 d, and then collected their fecal samples to analyze and compare the microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology.Results: The gut microbiota was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level in both species (Proteobacteria > Firmicutes > Verrucomicrobiota in P. erythrurus, and Bacteroidota > Proteobacteria > Firmicutes in P. przewalskii). Further analysis revealed that the gut microbiota contributed to the host’s cold adaptation, but with differences in the relative abundance of these contributory bacteria between the two species. KEGG analysis revealed that the gut microbiota primarily played roles in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, and environmental information processing in both species. Furthermore, genes related to metabolism were more abundant in P. erythrurus at 24 °C than in other species ´ temperature combinations, indicating the role of gut microbiota in long-term cold-climate adaptation.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that gut microbiome contributes to cold-climate adaptation in both species but more evidently in P. erythrurus using colder habitats than P. przewalskii throughout a year, thus confirming the gut microbiota’s role in the cold-climate adaptation in lizards.
The starting mechanism study on rainfall-induced sloop loose source in strong earthquake area
Authors: Li Mingli , Cheng Jianlong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Regarding risks from debris flows, previously unrecognized low-frequency loose slope source materials starting in formation areas constitute an especially significant threat. The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to a large number of loose deposits on the slope on both sides of the gully in the formation area. Under the triggering action of heavy rainfall, the gully easily failed and started earlier than the overall start of the gully debris flow, which has practical significance for realizing the early warning of the gully debris flow starting. The special loose source conditions and postearthquake geological environment change the hydraulic mechanism of traditional debris flow start-up, which brings great difficulties to the monitoring and early warning of postearthquake debris flows. Therefore, based on hydraulics, on the premise of building a hydraulic model of groundwater level change of loose slope accumulation body, the characteristics and rules of groundwater level change are analyzed with the aid of hydraulic seepage theories, and the action characteristics of hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure on the accumulation body are quantitatively studied. Based on field exploration data and average slope gradient, we divided the accumulation body in a reasonable manner; completed the sliding force, anti-sliding force and residual-sliding force mechanical expression and establishment; and performed a slope stability analysis. The research results show that the slope-starting mode is divided into the thrust-type landslide and the retrogressive landslide mode of the subsection disintegration. The hydraulic deposit mechanism analytical results can also reverse the critical rainfall condition of slope failure. Finally, taking the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan as an example, the hydraulic mechanism of typical slope deposits in the formation area was analyzed and combined with the historical debris flow events in the study area to verify the physical simulation test, which was consistent with the field investigation results after the disaster.
Clinical decision-making and adaptive expertise in residency: A think-aloud study
Authors: Gamborg Maria Louise , Mehlsen Mimi , Paltved Charlotte , Vetter Sigrid Strunge , Musaeus Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Clinical decision-making (CDM) depends on residents’ learning, experience and knowledge. Previous research has used dual-process theory to explain the cognitive processes involved in how physicians acquire experiences that help them develop CDM. However, research is lacking about how CDM is shaped by the physicians’ situated cognition in the clinical environment. The challenge is that novice physicians need to train their cognitive competencies as adaptable processes. The adaptive expert framework is meant to explain how novice physicians learn to make clinical decisions in demanding clinical situations.Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse how residents utilize and develop adaptive expert cognition in a natural setting. By describing cognitive processes through verbalization of thought processes, we sought to explore their CDM strategies in light of the adaptive expert framework.Methods: We used concurrent and retrospective think-aloud interviews in a natural setting of an emergency department at a university hospital to query residents about their reasoning during a patient encounter. We analyzed data using protocol analysis to infer cognitive strategies from these verbalizations and compared these to the framework of adaptive expertise.Results: 14 interviews were audio recorded over the course of 17 hours of observation. We coded 78 informational concepts and 46 cognitive processes. Residents who were quick to move on to hypothesis testing, tended to be more laborious in their CDM. Here a qualitative analysis demonstrated that uncertainty and differences in how informants assumed their role as a physician affected their hypothesis generation and information gathering. Discussion and conclusion: In order for a resident to learn to act as an adaptive decision-maker, they relied on contextual support. The professional role was crucial in decisional competency. This supports current literature, which argue that role clarification helps decisional competency. This study adds that promoting professional development by tolerating uncertainty may improve adaptive decisional competency.
Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ – from food intake to nutrient intake
Authors: Thieleking Ronja , Schneidewind Lennard , Kanyamibwa Arsene , Hartmann Hendrik , Horstmann Annette , Witte A. Veronica , Medawar Evelyn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Methods: To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber...) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 hours and iii) computed test-retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we report newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa= 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we correlated computed nutrient intake with v) anthropometric and vi) blood-based biomarkers.Results: In overweight adults (n= 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2±6.5 years, BMI 27.4±1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly normally distributed and within or surpassing recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 hours. Reliability between last 7 days and 24 hours per visit was moderate (Pearson’s rall≥ 0.34, pall < 0.001, rmax = 0.54) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was moderate for 7 days (kappaall > 0.40, pall < 0.001) and poor for 24 hours (kappaall> 0.08, pall < 0.001). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and opposite associations of fiber intake and BMI in males compared to females. Links between nutrient intake relative to calorie intake and anthropometrics as well as serum markers remain inconclusive.Conclusion: We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber and its subclasses, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.
Adsorption Coupling Photocatalytic Removal of Gaseous n-Hexane by Phosphorus Doped g-C3N4/TiO2/Zn(OAc)2-ACF Composites
Authors: Sun EnCheng , Wei Haidi , Zhang Shuai , Bi Yuxi , Huang Ziyan , Ji Guoyang , Liu Fang , Zhao Chaocheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
VOCs emission reduction in the petroleum and petrochemical industry is a hot and difficult topic at present. The single method may not be able to meet the actual treatment status. Therefore, the adsorption coupled photocatalytic degradation technology was used to remove VOCs. Phosphorus doped carbon nitride (PCN) and PCN/TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and sol-gel method, and then PCN/TiO2/Zn(OAc)2-ACF composites were prepared by ultrasonic impregnation on zinc acetate modified activated carbon fibers (Zn(OAc)2-ACF). The removal efficiency of n-Hexane by composite materials was explored in a self-made reactor, and the factors affecting, removal efficiency, removal mechanism and possible ways of degradation were investigated. The results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions (initial concentration of n-hexane 200 mg/m3, space velocity 1000 h-1, light intensity 24 W, mass fraction of doped PCN 6%, loading twice, calcination temperature 450 ℃), PCN/TiO2/Zn(OAc)2-ACF composite has the highest removal efficiency of n-hexane (90.2%). The adsorption capacity of the composites after doping the P element was 215.3 mg/g, which didn’t enhance the adsorption performance compared with that before doping, but the removal rate of n-hexane was higher. This showed that doping P element was helpful to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the composites.
Comparative effect of cooling on the physico-chemical-sensory properties of ghee from cow and buffalo milk, and evaluation of the low-fat spread prepared from cow and buffalo milk ghee
Authors: Deverao Patange Dnyaneshwar , Vinayak Dhanake Virshasen , Chandran Deepak , Radha Radha , Kumar Manoj , Lorenzo Jose Manuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Low-fat spread (LFS) is the product harmonizing with the idea of healthy nutrition. At the same time, it has a good taste and flavour, as well as very good spreadability at refrigerator temperature. The present investigation studied the effect of method of cooling on the properties of cow and buffalo milk ghee, and comparative evaluation of LFS prepared from them. Slowly pre-cooled cow ghee had intense yellow colour than rapidly pre-cooled cow ghee, whereas slowly pre-cooled buffalo ghee has creamish white colour and rapidly pre-cooled buffalo ghee had white colour. Rapidly pre-cooled cow ghee had a very smooth and pasty texture than rapidly pre-cooled buffalo ghee. The LFS of cow ghee had shown maximum sensory scores for colour and appearance, body and texture, spreadability, and overall acceptability, as compared to buffalo ghee LFS. Chemically it was observed that both the LFS differs in FFA content, while they had similar fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash and total solids content, as well as pH. Oiling off and wheying off was found higher in cow ghee LFS over buffalo ghee LFS. Colour, appearance and flavour score were found improved by the addition of butter annatto colour and diacetyl flavour respectively. Color and appearance, body and texture, spreadability, as well as overall acceptability scores were higher for cow ghee LFS when subjected to 35°C for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. It was found that after 10 minutes of exposure to 35°C, the physical qualities of both LFS were unchanged, but the sensory properties diminished as time passed.