bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two New C18‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum leucostomum Worosch.
Authors: Yang Hong‐Bo , Luo Yan‐Yan , Xu Jin‐Bu , Liu Yue , Gao Feng , Huang Shuai , Chen Lin , Zhou Xian‐Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo new lappaconitine‐type C18‐diterpenoid alkaloids, named as leucostosines C (1) and D (2), together with six known compounds (3–8), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum leucostomum Worosch. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR spectra and X‐ray experiments. Leucostosine C is the first diterpenoid alkaloid bearing the 7‐amino group. The isolated compounds were tested for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect and neuroprotective activity, none of them showed significant activities.
Refractory gastroduodenal ulcers: A rare complication with Bloom syndrome
Authors: Usami Masaaki , Ikawa Yasuhiro , Sakai Yuta , Fujiki Toshihiro , Wada Taizo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBloom syndrome patients often develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms mainly caused by gastric tumors due to DNA repair disorder. Here, we report 31‐year‐old Bloom syndrome patient suffering persistent abdominal pain due to refractory gastroduodenal ulcers which required gastroduodenectomy. Various causes should be considered, and the accumulation of their reports is warranted.
Postpartum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction with cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome concomitant with vertebral artery dissection diagnosed by MRI MSDE method: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sano Kenshi , Kuge Atsushi , Kondo Rei , Yamaki Tetsu , Homma Hiroshi , Saito Shinjiro , Sonoda Yukihiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeadache is one of the most common symptoms encountered during the postpartum period. The cause may be unknown, or the following illnesses are possible: cervical artery dissection (CAD), reversible posterior cerebral encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), and reversible cerebral vasoconstrictor syndrome (RCVS). It is suggested that they are interrelated and share a similar mechanism such as small vessel endothelial dysfunction, deficiencies in self‐regulation, and decreased sympathetic innervation of the posterior circulation. However, there are few reports of neuroradiological findings. We experienced a rare case of multiple postpartum vascular disease occurring at the same time. A 38‐year‐old woman suddenly developed thunderclap headache after giving birth. She was clear and had no neuropathy. Computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, including the cortical surface of the frontal lobe. Magnetic resonance image fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery revealed high‐intensity area in the bilateral basal ganglia and right occipital cortex. Angiography showed “string sausage” and extracranial left vertebral artery stenosis, but no aneurysm. Based on the clinical course and neuroradiological findings, we diagnosed her as postpartum vascular disease including CAD, PRES, RCVS, and cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Three‐dimensional black blood T1‐weighted images using a motion‐sensitized driven equilibrium three‐dimensional turbo spin echo (MSDE) sequencing method revealed an intramural hematoma consistent with the extracranial vertebral artery. After 3 months, MSDE lost its abnormal signal. Our case was rare in that multiple phenomena of postpartum vascular disease occurred at the same time. In particular, we could reveal that this speculation was reversible in the MRI MSDE sequencing.
Deep subcutaneous cervical emphysema related to mastoid fracture in an adolescent patient ‐ case report
Authors: Paouris Dimitrios , Barkociová Jana , Pavlík Štefan , Šebová Irina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA fracture of the mastoid bone should be considered in the work‐up of a head and neck traumatic injury. A well‐pneumatized mastoid can absorb forceful impacts, protecting middle and inner ear structures. Fractures of the mastoid, followed by Valsalva maneuver can lead to subcutaneous cervical emphysema.
Progress of pulmonary hypertension and high manganese levels through congenital portosystemic shunt closure
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Baba Yuta , Minematsu Nobuya , Doi Hirohito , Kumamoto Takashi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old girl with congenital portosystemic shunt presented with abnormal manganese levels and improving pulmonary hypertension even 1 year after shunt vascular ligation. As the progress after portal vein blood flow recovery varies among individuals, long‐term follow‐up of patients with congenital portosystemic shunt is needed.
Prolonged labor presenting as vulvar edema during pregnancy
Authors: Shrestha Anish Kumar , Rijal Ashes , Shrestha Anisha , Chaudhary Sharmila , Kafle Naresh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIsolated vulvar edema is a rare complaint during pregnancy with a long list of differential diagnosis. Here, we describe a case of vulvar edema due to obstructed labor presenting to a rural primary healthcare center in Nepal.
Revealing the Catalytic Role of Sn Dopant in CO2‐Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Pt/Sn‐CeO2 Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yehong , Wang Jiapei , Zhang Yuda , Guo Qiang , An Jie , Liang Yafei , Wang Yanan , Cao Pengfei , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Zhu Xiangxue , Li Xiujie , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCO2‐oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO2‐ODHP) provides a promising route for propylene production. Sufficient propane conversion and propylene selectivity remain a great challenge due to the difficulty in activating inert propane and CO2 simultaneously. Herein, a Sn doped CeO2 supported Pt (Pt/Sn‐CeO2) catalyst in CO2‐ODHP reaction is reported. Sn doping appears to kill two birds with one stone for propane and CO2 activation. On the one side, it increases the electron density of Pt species via PtSn alloy formation, promoting propane adsorption and C−H bond cleavage. On the other side, it enhances oxygen vacancy concentrations of CeO2 support, facilitating CO2 dissociation. A higher propylene selectivity (63.9 % vs 22.3 %) was obtained on 0.1 wt % Pt/1.0 wt % Sn‐CeO2 than that on 0.1 wt % Pt/CeO2 with a comparable propane conversion (15.1 % vs 14.3 %) at 550 °C after 240 min on stream. This work provides a reference for designing efficient catalysts.
Influence of High Pressure Drop Rates on Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Michiels Lukas , Geimer Marcus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydraulic components in mobile machines are subjected to varying conditions and loads, which limit their lifetime. In particular, high pressure drop rates are suspected to increase fatigue crack growth rates. Existing studies on the fluid‐structure interaction inside fatigue cracks during fast pressure drops do not explain increased crack growth in hydraulic systems. A laminar flow model was developed to simulate the fluid flow inside a crack under periodic pressure loads. The viscosity restrained the oil inside the crack, and the mechanical resistance of the closing crack led to a high pressure increase. Knowledge of the pressure profiles inside fatigue cracks helps to estimate the effective fatigue damage during transient loads.
Quantitative spatial analysis reveals that the local axons of lamina I projection neurons and interneurons exhibit distributions that predict distinct roles in spinal sensory processing
Authors: Kókai Éva , Luz Lilana L. , Fernandes Elisabete C. , Safronov Boris V. , Poisbeau Pierrick , Szucs Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur knowledge about the detailed wiring of neuronal circuits in the spinal dorsal horn (DH), where initial sensory processing takes place, is still very sparse. While a substantial amount of data is available on the somatodendritic morphology of DH neurons, the laminar and segmental distribution patterns and consequential function of individual axons are much less characterized. In the present study, we fully reconstructed the axonal and dendritic processes of 10 projection neurons (PNs) and 15 interneurons (INs) in lamina I of the rat, to reveal quantitative differences in their distribution. We also performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings to test the predicted function of certain axon collaterals. In line with our earlier qualitative description, we found that lamina I INs in the lateral aspect of the superficial DH send axon collaterals toward the medial part and occupy mostly laminae I–III, providing anatomical basis for a lateromedial flow of information within the DH. Local axon collaterals of PNs were more extensively distributed including dorsal commissural axon collaterals that might refer to those reported earlier linking the lateral aspect of the left and right DHs. PN collaterals dominated the dorsolateral funiculus and laminae IV–VI, suggesting propriospinal and ventral connections. Indeed, patch‐clamp recordings confirmed the existence of a dorsoventral excitatory drive upon activation of neurokinin‐1 receptors that, although being expressed in various lamina I neurons, are specifically enriched in PNs. In summary, lamina I PNs and INs have almost identical dendritic input fields, while their segmental axon collateral distribution patterns are distinct. INs, whose somata reside in lamina I, establish local connections, may show asymmetry, and contribute to bridging the medial and lateral halves of the DH. PNs, on the other hand, preferably relay their integrated dendritic input to deeper laminae of the spinal gray matter where it might be linked to other ascending pathways or the premotor network, resulting in a putative direct contribution to the nociceptive withdrawal reflex.
Multiple roles of TaCPP family genes during growth and stress treatment
Authors: Jin Yingying , Han Ruijuan , Li Wei , Cai Lu , Li Yiting , Ma Dongfang , Chen Wang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Cysteine‐rich polycomb‐like protein (CPP) family encodes animal and plant‐specific transcription factors that are important for plant development and stress responses. Even though CPP family genes had been studied in many plants, nothing was known about them in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The current research focused on a comprehensive discovery and characterization of wheat CPP (TaCPP) gene family members. Altogether 30 TaCPP genes were discovered and were divided into two groups and three subgroups based on the phylogenetic relationship. Gene structures and motif patterns of TaCPP genes were different in these three subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that segmental duplication was the most common mechanism of TaCPP gene family expansion. The expression levels of most TaCPP genes were high in reproductive tissues, such as ovaries and stigmas, implying that these genes may have a vital function in the reproduction of wheat. Further quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction research demonstrated that all examined TaCPPs were significantly induced after drought, heat treatment, and Fusarium graminearum infection, showing that they were involved in the response to stress tolerance. The subcellular localization results of TaCPP14‐5A and TaCPP15‐5D show that both were located in the nucleus. In addition, transient expression TaCPP15‐5D promoted resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our findings lay the foundation for revealing the role of TaCPPs and will aid in the discovery of their regulatory networks in wheat growth and stress responses.
White‐tailed deer consumption of emergent macrophytes mediates aquatic‐to‐terrestrial nutrient flows
Authors: Lopez Jonathan W. , Allen Daniel C. , Vaughn Caryn C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Trophic interactions between mobile animals and their food sources often vector resource flows across ecosystem boundaries. However, the quality and quantity of such ecological subsidies may be altered by indirect interactions between seemingly unconnected taxa. We studied whether emergent macrophytes growing at the aquatic–terrestrial interface facilitate multi‐step aquatic‐to‐terrestrial resource flows between streams and terrestrial herbivores. We also explored whether aquatic animal aggregations indirectly promote such resource flows by creating biogeochemical hotspots of nutrient cycling and availability.

We tested whether white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in eastern North America vector nutrient fluxes from streams to terrestrial ecosystems by consuming emergent macrophytes (Justicia americana) using isotope and nutrient analyses of fecal samples and motion‐sensing cameras. We also tested whether mussel‐generated biogeochemical hotspots might promote such fluxes by surveying the density and nutrient stoichiometry of J. americana beds growing in association with variable densities of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida).

Fecal samples from riparian deer had 3% lower C:N and 20% lower C:P ratios than those in upland habitats. C and N isotopes suggested riparian deer ate both terrestrial and aquatic (J. americana) vegetation, whereas upland deer ate more terrestrial foods. Motion‐sensing cameras showed deer eating J. americana more than twice as frequently at mussel‐generated hotspots than non‐mussel sites. However, mussels were not associated with variation in J. americana growth or N and P content—although N isotopes in J. americana leaves did suggest assimilation of animal‐derived nutrients.

Our findings suggest that white‐tailed deer may conduct significant transfers of aquatic‐derived nutrients into terrestrial habitats when they feed on macrophytes and defecate on land. Whether aquatic animal aggregations promote such resource flows by creating biogeochemical hotspots remains unresolved, but the nearly global distributions of the deer family (Cervidae) and of macrophytes suggest that cervid‐driven aquatic‐to‐terrestrial nutrient flows may be widespread and ecologically important.
Large eddy simulation investigation of flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition of methane‐air mixture in rectangular channel
Authors: Zhao Yongyao , Zhang Yanmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge eddy simulation is used to simulate flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition of methane‐air mixtures in a small‐scale 3D channel. The simulation results show the changing of the flame surface 3D structure in the stage of flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition. In the first stage, the flame velocity increases exponentially because of the expansion of combustion products and the wrinkle of flame surface. In the next stage, the interaction between flame and pressure wave makes flame accelerate continuously, and the acceleration rate of the flame velocity decreases first and then increases. As the pressure of the leading shock increases, the boundary layer is heated by the preheating area in front of the flame surface at the channel wall. Because the cross section of the channel is square, the ultrafast flame first appears in the boundary layer of the four inner edges between the channel wall, then it appears in the boundary layer on the channel wall. The ultrafast flame generates oblique shock waves continuously moving to the center of the channel and colliding with each other, which promote the occurrence of local explosion and the coupling of flame surface and leading shock wave.
Direct seismic loss estimation of predominantly plan‐symmetrical frame buildings using simplified nonlinear models
Authors: Jamšek Aleš , Babič Anže , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe estimation of building seismic risk and loss utilising response history analysis is challenging, especially because the final objective is the seismic loss estimation for building stock. In this paper, this challenge is addressed by developing a simplified nonlinear structural model, which is capable of simulating the seismic response of predominantly plan‐symmetrical reinforced concrete frame buildings subjected to ground motions in both horizontal directions. The simplified structural model is plugged into the direct seismic risk and loss estimation methodology. Its capabilities are then demonstrated by estimating the seismic risk and losses for a four‐storey office building and a five‐storey school building. For the analysed buildings, it is shown that the frequency of collapse, the expected annual loss and the frequency of exceedance of a given loss can be simulated with the same level of accuracy as in the case of the conventional structural model, but with greater numerical robustness and computational efficiency. Research is needed to better define the limitations of the introduced simplified model and extend the capabilities of simplified nonlinear models to more complex structural systems of plan‐asymmetrical buildings.
Lessons learned from co‐designing a high school beach safety education program with lifeguards and students
Authors: Koon William , Brander Robert W. , Alonzo Dennis , Peden Amy E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedSchool‐based beach safety education programs are common, but best practice guidance and information on their design and development is limited.MethodsResearchers, professional ocean lifeguards and students participated in a co‐design process to inform a lifeguard‐delivered, school‐based beach safety education program for a coastal community in New South Wales, Australia. Lifeguards and researchers (experts) provided structured feedback about the program in a survey and facilitated workshop; students (n = 26) aged 11 to 13 years participated in focus group sessions intended to garner in‐depth understanding of their experiences at the beach and knowledge of, and attitudes towards, beach safety.Results and DiscussionThe co‐design process provided a novel and inclusive model for beach safety education program development, and valuable lessons for future efforts. Specifically, student focus groups identified several facets of pre‐teens and younger teenagers' beach experience that prompted revision of the education program, primarily framing of program content and safety messages. Peers are a primary motivator for this age group and students' burgeoning independence emerged as an important theme. While knowledgeable about beach hazards and risks, students conveyed mixed safety attitudes and self‐reported safety practices, highlighting the importance of designing programs to motivate behaviour and promote safe decision‐making vs raising awareness alone. Findings illustrate the value of adopting co‐design processes for all beach safety programs, school or otherwise.So What?Beach safety programs may not be delivering information that is needed, wanted or useful. Structured consultation with the priority population must become standard practice in beach safety and drowning prevention education program development.
Changes in physical activity during COVID‐19 pandemic among Saudi Arabians: Results from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Attia Abdelrahman M. , Elgazzar Tasnim Atef , Shah Jaffer , Bajaber Abubakr , Almustanyir Sami , Alsaeed Ruaa , Khalifa Razan Omer , Azzam Ahmed Y. , Hafida Samar , Ghozy Sherief , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the resultant change in sedentary behaviors have had immense health, economic, and social implications globally. As governments worldwide imposed lockdowns and curfews, the amount of time spent indoors greatly increased. This lead to a dramatic change in physical activity (PA) levels and profound consequences on daily routines. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey‐based study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to measure participants' PA levels between April 2021 and May 2021. Participants were then classified into three groups according to their PA level, and their PA levels and sedentary behaviors were analyzed.ResultsWe surveyed 463 participants, 315 (68%) of which were female and 134 (32%) of which were male with a median age of 23 (interquartile range, 21–35) years. Moderate‐to‐high PA was reported by 257 (55.7%) of the participants. There was a significant decrease in PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic and resultant lockdowns among the participants (p = 0.04), with higher rates of sedentary behavior among males than females (p = 0.14).ConclusionsThe decline in PA is a profound challenge of the COVID‐19 pandemic that needs to be addressed by health practitioners and policymakers. Our study highlights the decline in PA levels seen during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the importance of promotional programs and interventions to increase PA among the Saudi Arabian population without compromising the essential health restrictions and social distancing.
Maximization of heat transfer density from radially finned tubes in cross‐flow using the constructal design method
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed , Salman Haitham Mohsin , Hasan Basim O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe maximization of volumetric heat transfer density from radially finned tubes in cross‐flow is investigated in this study based on the constructal design method. A row of radially finned tubes is placed in cross‐air flow. The tubes and the radial fins are heated at uniform temperatures and cooled by the air cross‐flow. The cross‐air flow is generated by a finite pressure difference. Two dimensionless pressure differences (Bejan number) are considered (Be = 103 and Be = 105). The objective function, the degrees of freedom, and the constraints in the constructal design method should be identified. The objective function is the maximization of the heat transfer density from the finned tubes. The degrees of freedom are; the fin tip‐to‐fin tip spacing, the number of fins, the tube diameter, the fin thickness, and the angle between the fins. The constraints are the length and height of the space occupied by the finned tubes. The pressure‐driven flow and energy equations (steady, two‐dimensional, and incompressible) are solved by means of the finite volume method. The ranges of the dimensionless fin tip‐to‐fin tip spacing are (0.2 ≤ S ≤ 1 for Be = 103 and 0.05≤ S ≤ 0.3 for Be = 105). The number of fins is changed as (N = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12). The dimensionless tube diameter is changed as (D = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75). The dimensionless fin thickness is changed as (T = 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05). The results showed that for both (Be = 103) and (Be = 105), the highest value of the maximum volumetric heat transfer density is for (N = 2) and decreases as the number of fins increases. In addition, the minimum values of the maximum volumetric heat transfer density occur when the vertical fins exist at (N = 4, 8, and 12).