bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Developmental Origins of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lenover Moyer Makenna B. , Jasani Krishangi , Waldman Alexandra B. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Shenk Mary K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework contends that chronic diseases are attributable to behavioral and environmental risks encountered during vital periods of fetal and childhood development. Clinical research investigating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) largely focuses on adult risk factors, with emerging evidence of epigenetic contributions. Limited work considers potential childhood exposures. This paper applies a life course approach to the study of IBS, exploring the available evidence to ascertain the potential developmental origins of IBS.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted adhering to MOOSE and PRISMA protocols, identifying papers from 1970 through April 2024 examining all IBS risk factors during the prenatal, postnatal, childhood, and adolescent periods. Data were extracted from screened papers and analyzed via meta‐analysis using a random effects model.ResultsA total of 27 case–control, cohort, and cross‐sectional studies were identified for analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed significant childhood risk factors for adult IBS, including family history (pooled OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.89–2.49, p < 0.0001, n = 11) and the occurrence of any childhood trauma event (pooled OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.29–2.01, p < 0.0001, n = 6). Physical and sexual trauma were the strongest trauma predictors. Factors including breastfeeding and Cesarean section were not significant.ConclusionsThis study found IBS is strongly predicted by traumatic childhood experiences, as well as having an immediate family member with IBS. These demonstrated environmental and genetic components indicate a potential gene–environment interaction during childhood, suggesting a need for primary research to better understand the developmental origins of IBS.
Radar‐Terahertz‐Infrared Compatible Stealth Coaxial Silver Nanowire@Carbon Nano‐Cable Aerogel
Authors: Peng Hualong , Cai Bo , Zhang Yu , Gao Longcheng , Zhao Pei‐Yan , Zhou Lu , Zhang Shan , Liang Wenhao , Xuan Qi‐Fan , Koo Martin C. , Liang Chen‐Ming , Li Wen‐Ping , Hou Zhi‐Ling , Zhou Tao , Wang Guang‐Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAchieving multi‐spectrum compatible stealth in radar‐terahertz‐infrared bands with robust performance has great prospects for both military and civilian applications. However, the progress of materials encounters substantial challenges due to the significant variability in frequency coupling properties across different electromagnetic wave bands. Here, this work presents the design of a multi‐scale structure and fabricates a lightweight aerogel (silver nanowire@carbon, AgNW@C) consisting of a regular coaxial nano‐cable, with silver nanowire as the core and amorphous‐graphitized hybrid carbon as the outer‐layer. The design utilizes the one‐dimensional conductive network and electric coupling heterogeneous interface, the low infrared emission of silver nanowires, and the thermal insulation caused by three‐dimensional pore structure found in aerogels. This conception achieves the long‐standing goal of multi‐spectrum compatible stealth in an integrated material. The AgNW@C aerogel exhibits an optimal reflection loss of −66.50 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.80 GHz in the gigahertz band, while an average total shielding performance of 71.92 dB and over 50.00 dB reflection loss in the terahertz band. Furthermore, the AgNW@C aerogel demonstrates remarkable thermal infrared stealth capabilities with a low infrared emissivity of 0.28 and thermal insulation up to 150 °C under 200 °C. These exceptional multispectral stealth properties allow the aerogel for potential applications in military camouflage technology and electromagnetic protection.
Reduktive Kohlenstoffmaterialien: Einstellung der chemischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften zur Verbesserung von Natrium‐Ionen‐Batterien
Authors: Begüm Yılmaz Elif , Oğuzhan Eren Enis , Horner Tim , Song Zihan , Sheidaei Yasaman , Siewert Inke , Senokos Evgeny , Giusto Paolo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDie Entwicklung vielseitiger Strategien zur Herstellung funktioneller Kohlenstoffmaterialien ist entscheidend für den Fortschritt in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen in der Materialwissenschaft. Das Design von Präkursoren spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Steuerung der Chemie und Struktur von Kohlenstoffmaterialien für spezifische Anwendungen. Diese Studie beschreibt die Synthese von Derivaten der Meldrum‐Säure durch Knoevenagel‐Kondensation mit aromatischen Heterocyclen wie Pyrrol, Furan und Thiophen, die als Precursoren für kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien mit maßgeschneiderten chemischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften dienen. Die thermische Kondensation dieser Precursoren erfolgt über hochreaktive, elektronenreiche Ketenzwischenprodukte, die eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bildung der Kohlenstoffmaterialien spielen. Die resultierenden heteroatomdotierten Kohlenstoffmaterialien zeigen anpassbare chemische, physikochemische und strukturelle Eigenschaften, die wir mit ihren Energiespeicherleistungen korrelieren konnten. Wir betrachten diese Strategie als äußerst vielversprechend für die Entwicklung hochleistungsfähiger kohlenstoffhaltiger Materialien mit einstellbaren Eigenschaften für ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, von elektrochemischer Energiespeicherung und ‐umwandlung bis hin zu Wasserfiltration, Umweltreinigung und darüber hinaus.
Chlorine‐Doped SnO2 Nanoflowers on Nickel Hollow Fiber for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction at Ampere‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Wei Yiheng , Wang Xiaotong , Mao Jianing , Song Yanfang , Zhu Huanyi , Liu Xiaohu , Luo Cheng , Li Shoujie , Chen Aohui , Li Guihua , Dong Xiao , Wei Wei , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRenewable energy‐driven electrochemical CO2 reduction has emerged as a promising technology for a sustainable future. However, achieving efficient production of storable liquid fuels at ampere‐level current densities remains a significant hurdle in the large‐scale implementation of CO2 electroreduction. Here we report a novel catalytic electrode comprising chlorine‐doped SnO2 nanoflowers arrayed on the exterior of three‐dimensional nickel hollow fibers. This electrode demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance for converting CO2 to formate, achieving a remarkable formate selectivity of 99 % and a CO2 single‐pass conversion rate of 93 % at 2 A cm−2. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent stability, maintaining a formate selectivity of above 94 % for 520 h at a current density of 3 A cm−2. Experimental results combined with theoretical calculations confirm that the enhanced mass transfer facilitated by the hollow fiber penetration effect, coupled with the well‐retained Sn4+ species and Sn−Cl bonds, synergistically elevates the activity of CO2 conversion. The incorporation of chlorine into SnO2 enhances electron transport and CO2 adsorption, substantially lowering the reaction energy barrier for the crucial intermediate *OCHO formation, and boosting the formate production.
Photomodulated Transient Catalytic Constitutional Dynamic Networks and Reaction Circuits
Authors: Ouyang Yu , Willner Itamar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA method to photomodulate dynamically transient DNA‐based reaction circuits and networks is introduced. The method relies on the integration of photoresponsive o‐nitrobenzyl‐phosphate ester‐caged DNA hairpin with a “mute” reaction module. Photodeprotection (λ=365 nm) of the hairpin structure separates a fuel strand triggering the dynamic, transient, operation of the DNA circuit/network. By temporal photocleavage of the hairpin within the course of transient operation of the circuit, photomodulation of the systems are demonstrated. The modulation amplitude and rhythms are controlled by the time‐interval and cycle numbers of photo‐deprotecting the hairpin structure. The method is applied to transiently photomodulate the catalytic activities of a DNAzyme, enabling the photomodulation of the transient assembly of a constitutional dynamic network (CDN) and the transient reconfiguration of the CDN framework. The different systems are supported by computational kinetic models allowing to predict, and experimentally validate, the behavior of the systems under variable auxiliary conditions. Moreover, the photomodulated transient CDNs are implemented as functional frameworks guiding the thrombin‐catalyzed coagulation of fibrinogen to fibrin (fibrinogenesis) and photomodulated operation of a biocatalytic cascade.
Electrifying P(V): Access to Polar and Radical Reactivity
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mahdi , Nassir Molhm , Gherardi Luca , Raheja Nicholas , Kawamata Yu , Baran Phil S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrochemical, fully stereoselective P(V)‐radical hydrophosphorylation of olefins and carbonyl compounds using a P(V) reagent is disclosed. By strategically selecting the anode material, radical reactivity is accessible for alkene hydrophosphorylation whereas a polar pathway operates for ketone hydrophosphorylation. The mechanistic intricacies of these chemoselective transformations were explored in‐depth.
Sub‐5 Ångstrom Porosity Tuning in Calixarene‐Derived Porous Liquids via Supramolecular Complexation Construction
Authors: Li Errui , Ganesan Arvind , Liu Hongjun , Ivanov Alexander S. , He Lilin , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Jenkins David M. , Steren Carlos Alberto , Mokhtari‐Nori Narges , Hu Jianzhi , Li Bo , Jiang De‐en , Mahurin Shannon M. , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSub‐Ångstrom‐level porosity engineering, which is appealing in gas separations, has been demonstrated in solid carbon, polymer, and framework materials but rarely achieved in the liquid phase. In this work, a gas molecular sieving effect in the liquid phase at sub‐5 Ångstrom scale is created via sophisticated porosity tuning in calixarene‐derived porous liquids (PLs). Type II PLs are constructed via supramolecular complexation between the sodium salts of calixarene derivatives and crown ether solvents. The chemical structure variation and assembly behavior of the porous host upon PL construction are monitored by spectroscopy‐, X‐ray‐, and neutron‐scattering techniques. The presence of permanent porosity in calixarene‐derived PLs is verified by pressure swing gas uptake, altered CO2 physisorption behavior, and molecular simulations. Sub‐5 Ångstrom porosity tuning within the PL phase is achieved by introducing bulky substituted groups on the benzene ring of the calixarene host, which then greatly affects the dynamic motion and transport behavior of CO2 molecules and the Xe uptake performance. The approach being demonstrated in this work represents a promising pathway to tune and leverage the porosity effect for enhanced gas uptake capacity and selectivity in liquid sorbents.
Photothermal‐Responsive Electrospun Fibrous Membrane for Flux Tunable Oil‐In‐Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Chen Shuang , Cao Wenxuan , Zhang Jichao , Peng Lan , Lu Haifeng , Ma Wenjing , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOil–water separation has attracted considerable concern for the increasing discharge of industrial oily wastewater and frequency of oil spill accidents. Conventional oil–water separation methods are not effective in treating emulsified oil. In this study, photothermal‐responsive polyurethane (PU)/poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PMMA‐b‐PNIPAM) fibrous membranes (denoted as PTFMs) with core‐shell structure are fabricated. The as‐prepared membranes exhibited photothermal‐modulable water wettability. Significantly, the wettability and permeation flux can be tuned by light illumination during the oil–water separation process because of the incorporation of light‐responsive Ag nanoparticles and thermal‐responsive copolymers. In addition, the as‐prepared membrane exhibited recyclability even for forty separation cycles. It was concluded that the photothermal‐responsive composite fibrous membranes provide great potential for the development of remotely operated water treatment devices.
A Gallic Acid–Acrylic Acid Graft Copolymer With High Oxygen Absorption Properties
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Tang Yali , Lu Lixin , Qiu Xiaolin , Pan Liao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGallic acid (GA), a potential deoxidizer utilized in food packaging, exhibits a robust oxygen‐absorbing effect, yet suffers from poor stability. When integrated into polymers, its oxygen‐absorbing properties undergo a significant decline. This research is focused on graft copolymerizing GA with acrylic acid (AA) to create a water‐absorbing resin (GA‐PAA) that boasts high‐oxygen‐absorbing capabilities. This minimizes GA loss during production and eliminates the need for an alkaline environment for oxygen absorption. The single‐variable method is being employed to investigate the impact of synthesis conditions on GA‐PAA's performance. Initial findings indicate optimal performance with synthesis mass ratios of 7% GA, 0.6% initiator, and 0.2% cross‐linking agent, along with an 80% degree of neutralization and a reaction temperature of 80°C. The GA‐PAA is characterized as highly absorbent for both oxygen and water, confirming the successful grafting of GA. Well‐synthesized resins exhibit a water absorption capacity of 452.2 g/g and an oxygen scavenging of 105.3 mL/g before hydration. Posthydration, oxygen scavenging displays a pattern of an initial sudden decrease, followed by a gradual increase, dependent on the amount of water added. These findings suggest that grafting AA with GA enhances GA's stability during synthesis, enabling the production of efficient oxygen‐scavenging materials.
Facile Strategy to Construct Eugenol‐Derived Bifunctionality Epoxy Monomer for Preparation of Thermosetting Resin System With Desired Performances
Authors: Zhao Shujun , Li Yuanjian , Lian Xuebin , Qu Jiehao , Yin Shengjiong , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDesigning and preparing bio‐based epoxy monomers to substitute hazardous and nonrenewable bisphenol A (BPA)‐type epoxide are important for the development of new epoxy resins under the concept of healthy and sustainable concept. In this work, a “green” bifunctionality epoxy monomer derived from eugenol (EGE‐EP) was fabricated by epoxidation functionalization of unsaturated double bond as well as using epichlorohydrin to epoxidize phenolic hydroxyl group. The effects of different hardeners on the properties of EGE‐EP were analyzed, and the E51 epoxy cured with the same hardeners was employed as a reference. The results indicate that the EGE‐EP/hardeners present desired curing behavior, mechanical performances, and thermal stability which are comparable to the commercial E51/hardeners epoxy resin. Most importantly, all EP/hardeners samples exhibit a lower onset temperature compared to E51/hardeners systems reflecting a faster curing properties of the EGE‐EP/hardeners mixtures. Meanwhile, an obvious improvement of char yield is found in EGE‐EP/hardeners in contrast to E51/hardeners thus possessing potential for flame retardancy applications. This study proposes an innovative path to prepare bio‐based epoxy monomers as an alternative to BPA‐type epoxide, which is of significance for eco‐friendly epoxy resins and high‐value utilization of biomass.
Unveiling the Role of GPT‐4 in Solving LeetCode Programming Problems
Authors: Vishnu Sarthak , Sahil  , Garg Naman 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe landscape of programming education is undergoing a transformative shift in the era of AI and machine learning. This research delves into the role of GPT‐4, a state‐of‐the‐art language model, in solving intermediate‐level programming problems, focusing on the renowned LeetCode platform. For this, the work employs different programming problems from two LeetCode contests, providing a comprehensive evaluation of GPT‐4's capabilities. The results reveal intriguing patterns in the model's behavior. Initial attempts, when provided with all inputs simultaneously, exhibit high accuracy, but subsequent attempts show consistent fluctuations, rarely surpassing the accuracy of the first attempt. Upon closer examination, a distinct pattern emerges in GPT‐4's problem‐solving approach, where the model iteratively refines its solutions, incorporating corrections in subsequent attempts. However, the lack of a historical context for past attempts raises questions about the model's attention span and its ability to rectify mistakes. Notably, GPT‐4 consistently fails on the same test case with the same generated output, suggesting a potential limitation in addressing specific challenges. But, on leveraging human assistance to AI tools, the observations and patterns from the incorrect codes can be drawn and required adjustments to rectify the codes can be made. A direct result of this is observed in the increased success rate in problem‐solving by students, rising from 68% in the moderate learning stage to 92% in the advanced learning stage. Hence, the presented work proposes a human‐supervised methodology to leverage the AI‐assisted code generation and employs that in improving the effectiveness of AI‐assisted teaching–learning process.
Molecular Mechanisms of Synergistic Effect of PRIMA‐1met and Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer With Different p53 Status
Authors: Li Xiao‐lan , Zhou Jianbiao , Tang Nicole Xin‐Ning , Chai Yi , Zhou Meng , Gao Ai‐di , Lu Zhong‐kai , Min Han 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe toxicity and drug resistance associated with oxaliplatin (L‐OHP) limit its long‐term use for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. p53 mutation is a common genetic trait of CRC. PRIMA‐1met (APR‐246, eprenetapopt) restores the DNA‐binding capacity of different mutant P53 proteins. PRIMA‐1met has progressed to the Phase III clinical trial. Our study explores the combination therapy of PRIMA‐1met and L‐OHP for CRC with different p53 status.MethodsCell viability was assessed with Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and combination index (CI) was calculated using The Chou‐Talalay method. We also employed wound healing assay and colony formation assay to determine the effect of L‐OHP, PRIMA‐1met and their combination. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) of RNA‐seq data was conducted to identify key modules and central genes related to different treatment modalities. Xenograft CRC mouse model was used to assess the combination treatment in vivo.ResultsOur findings showed heightened cytotoxicity and inhibition of migration, and colony formation in CRC cells treated with both drugs, irrespective of p53 status, presenting a promising avenue for addressing L‐OHP resistance and toxicity. RNA‐seq analysis revealed differential responses between p53‐wide type HCT116 and p53‐mutant DLD‐1 cells, with pathway alterations implicated in tumorigenesis. WGCNA identified key modules and hub genes associated with combination therapy response. In vivo studies demonstrated enhanced efficacy of combined therapy over PRIMA‐1met alone, while mitigating L‐OHP‐induced toxicity.ConclusionsIn summary, our research reveals the differential molecular mechanisms of combined PRIMA‐1met and L‐OHP in CRC with wild type p53 and mutant p53. Our data not only demonstrate that this combined regimen exerts synergistic anti‐CRC effect in vitro and in vivo, but also suggest the benefit of PRIMA‐1met on prevention of L‐OHP‐related side effects. These findings underscore the clinical potential of PRIMA‐1met‐L‐OHP combination therapy in CRC, offering enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity, warranting further clinical investigation.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Exosomes and Their Components in Patients With Cancers
Authors: Moni Zinnat Ara , Hasan Zahid , Alam Md. Shaheen , Roy Nitai , Islam Farhadul 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer is the second leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsy samples are used in early cancer detection, characterization, and surveillance. Exosomes are a subset of EVs produced by all cells and present in all body fluids. They play an important role in the development of cancer because they are active transporters capable of carrying the contents of any type of cell. The objective of this review was to provide a brief overview of the clinical implication of exosomes or exosomal components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.MethodsAn extensive review of the current literature of exosomes and their components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis were carried out in the current study.ResultsTumor cells release exosomes that contribute to the formation of the pre‐metastatic microenvironment, angiogenesis, invasion, and treatment resistance. On the contrary, tumor cells release more exosomes than normal cells, and these tumor‐specific exosomes can carry the genomic and proteomic signature contents of the tumor cells, which can act as tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cancers.ConclusionThis information may help clinicians to improve the management of cancer patients in clinical settings in the future.
Pregnane C21‐Steroids with Anti‐Inflammatory Activity from the Roots of Cynanchum bungei
Authors: Li Xiao‐San , Zhang Ai‐Ling , Yuan Wei‐Bin , Feng Wan‐Bi , Zheng Tong‐Xin , Cai Hai‐Tao , Lin Zi‐Xin , Zhang Yu‐Bo , Lan Cai‐Yun , Yan Chong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFive pregnane C21‐steroids, including three 5,6‐epoxy steroids (1−3) and two 8,14‐seco‐steroids (4 and 5), were isolated from the acid hydrolysate of Cynanchum bungei roots. Cynbungenins L‐O (1−4) are previously undescribed compounds. Compound 3 with a 5α,6α‐epoxy group represents the first example found in the Cynanchum plants. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by a variety of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical ECD calculations. All compounds (1–5) were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) released in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that they all possessed NO inhibitory activity at 50 µM, and compounds 3 and 4 exhibited stronger NO inhibitory activity than indomethacin.
Bullous Type 2 Lepra Reaction: A Rare and Significant Case Report
Authors: Putta Nagarajan Hrithik Dakssesh , Kamaraj Balakrishnan , Selvanathan Keerthivasan , Kukunoor Pruthvi Raj , Manichandana Katta , Manideep Katta , Sah Biki Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBullous type 2 lepra reactions are a rare initial presentation in leprosy that can complicate the disease with vesiculo‐bullous lesions. Early recognition and differentiation from other bullous disorders are critical for timely corticosteroid and multidrug therapy initiation to improve patient outcomes.
Portal Hypertension Unmasked—Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein Following Portal Vein Thrombosis in a 9‐Year‐Old Female: A Case Report
Authors: Seedahmed Areej Motasim Khalil , Gasmalla Khalid Alshibli Dafalla , Ahmed Hajer Yousuf Mohammed , Mohammed Sakina Eltahir Omer , Yousif Yousif Omer Elgaili 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis case demonstrates the complex dynamics of cavernous transformation of the portal vein and portal vein thrombus due to umbilical cord infection in a child and its consequences, namely portal hypertension. This abnormal process has to be understood for proper treatment and stresses the importance of a thorough assessment of such patients.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Triplet Pregnancies With Single Intrauterine and Twin Tubal Pregnancies Post‐Levonorgestrel Use: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tarafdari Azadeh , Eshraghi Nasim , Shbeeb Hawraa , Poorabdoli Marzie , Ghaemi Marjan , Parsaei Mohammadamin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA rare spontaneous triplet heterotopic pregnancy occurred in a patient using emergency contraception. This highlights the need to consider heterotopic pregnancy in differential diagnoses for patients presenting with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, even with detected intrauterine pregnancies, especially after failed emergency contraception, necessitating thorough laboratory and ultrasonographic diagnostic work‐up.