bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of chirality, resolution, and enantiopure molecule synthesis methods
Authors: Kaya Cem , Birgül Kaan , Bülbül Bahadır 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chirality of molecules is a concept that explains the interactions in nature. We may observe the same formula but different organizations revolving around the chiral center. Since Pasteur's meticulous observation of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals' structure, scientists have discovered many features of chiral molecules. The number of newly approved single enantiomeric drugs increases every year and takes place in the market. Thus, separation or resolution methods of racemic mixtures are of continued importance in the efficacy of drugs, installation of affordable production processes, and convenient synthetic chemistry practice. This article presents the asymmetric synthesis approaches and the classification of direct resolution methods of chiral molecules.
Phosphonate Derivatives of Paracetamol and Valproic Acid
Authors: Ballók Renáta , Kis Varga Ágnes , Erdélyi Péter , Fischer János 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParacetamol and valproic acid are standalone drugs with leading position in the world drug market. The phosphonate analogues of these drugs were synthesized and were tested in vivo. N‐(4‐hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)phosphonic acid was four times more potent than paracetamol in preventing acetic acid‐induced writhing. Phosphonate derivative of valproic acid, (2‐propylpentanoyl)phosphonic acid, had similar in vivo activity to valproic acid in the pentylenetetrazole‐induced kindling mouse model.
Differential response in patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung to initial therapy: A case series
Authors: Takahara Yutaka , Tanaka Takuya , Ishige Yoko , Shionoya Ikuyo , Yamamura Kouichi , Sakuma Takashi , Nishiki Kazuaki , Nakase Keisuke , Nojiri Masafumi , Kato Ryo , Shinomiya Shohei , Oikawa Taku , Mizuno Shiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLarge cell neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (LCNEC) are rare. Chemotherapy with the small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) regimen is the most appropriate treatment for LCNEC. However, there is evidence that the non‐small cell lung cancer regimen is also effective in some reported cases. Due to the differences in response to LCNEC treatment, a standard of care for LCNEC has not been established.CasesThe clinical records of nine patients with LCNEC who were treated with anticancer drugs based on an SCLC regimen from March 2016 to March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients who responded to treatment after one cycle of systemic chemotherapy were compared to those who did not respond. All patients in the responder group had a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1. However, 5 of the 6 patients in the non‐responder group had a PS of 2 or 3, indicating that many patients were in poor general condition. Although patients with multiple metastases to more than one organ prior to treatment were not identified in the responder group, five of these patients were in the non‐responder group.In the non‐responder group, all patients discontinued treatment due to deterioration of general condition during first‐line treatment. Thus, none of them were able to start the second‐line treatment.ConclusionThe results of this study may suggest that early diagnosis and initiation of treatment before multiple organ metastasis development and PS decline may have clinical implications that could lead to improved treatment response in patients with LCNEC.
Generation of DNA Methylation Signatures and Classification of Variants in Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using EpigenCentral
Authors: Awamleh Zain , Goodman Sarah , Kallurkar Prajkta , Wu Wendy , Lu Kevin , Choufani Sanaa , Turinsky Andrei L. , Weksberg Rosanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are more than 700 genes that encode proteins that function in epigenetic regulation and chromatin modification. Germline variants in these genes (typically heterozygous) are associated with rare neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) characterized by growth abnormalities and intellectual and developmental delay. Advancements in next‐generation sequencing have dramatically increased the detection of pathogenic sequence variants in genes encoding epigenetic machinery associated with NDDs and, concurrently, the number of clinically uninterpretable variants classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Recently, DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures, disorder‐specific patterns of DNAm change, have emerged as a functional tool that provides insights into disorder pathophysiology and can classify pathogenicity of variants in NDDs. To date, our group and others have identified DNAm signatures for more than 60 Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in genes encoding epigenetic machinery. There is broad interest in both the research and clinical communities to develop and catalog DNAm signatures in rare NDDs, but there are challenges in optimizing study design considerations and availability of platforms that integrate bioinformatics tools with the appropriate statistical framework required to analyze genome‐wide DNAm data. We previously published EpigenCentral, a platform for analysis of DNAm data in rare NDDs. In this article, we utilize the published Weaver syndrome dataset to provide step‐by‐step protocols for using EpigenCentral for exploratory analysis to identify DNAm signatures and for classification of NDD variants. We also provide important considerations for experimental design and interpretation of DNAm results. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Exploratory analysis to identify disorder‐specific DNAm signaturesBasic Protocol 2: Classification of variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders
The role of rumors in the emergence and diffusion of pogroms
Authors: Bergmann Werner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn studies on single pogroms, but especially in analyses of waves of pogroms, the central role of rumor communication in the run‐up to, but also in the spread of pogroms has been emphasized time and again. In the following, the functions and types of rumor communication will be examined in more detail in order to understand their role in the emergence and spread of nonorganized collective violence. Rumors in the run‐up to pogroms influence the actions of all actors involved in pogroms, but the pogromists, the bystanders, the target group and the authorities react to them quite differently. Rumors can have both a motivating function for the perpetrators that triggers and promotes violence and an early warning function for the target group and the authorities to prevents violence.
Corporate social responsibility, family involvement, and stock price crash risk
Authors: Yang Minghui , Wang Yan , Bai Lu , Maresova Petra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study responds to the call in Vazquez's (2018) by providing more empirical evidence on ethical issues in family business. Drawing from the agency theory, we provide new evidence about the “CSR – stock price crash risk” nexus by examining the moderating effect of family involvement. With a focus on the Chinese capital market, we find that corporate social responsibility (CSR) negatively affects stock price crash risk. Such negative correlation is stronger for family firms as compared with nonfamily firms. Three proxies of family involvement, termly family member as a CEO, lower proportion of variable compensation to CEO, and greater family control, can strengthen the alleviating effect of CSR on crash risk. Nevertheless, a second‐generation successor as executive does not exert any moderating effect. Our findings advance the comprehension of the “CSR‐crash risk” nexus from the family business viewpoint and emphasize the important role of CSR in stabilizing the stock market.
Winter and summer storms modify chlorophyll relationships with nutrients in seasonally ice‐covered lakes
Authors: Hampton Stephanie E. , Sharma Sapna , Brousil Matthew R. , Filazzola Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAt broad spatial scales, primary productivity in lakes is known to increase in concert with nutrients, and variables that may disrupt or modify the tight coupling of nutrients and algae are of increasing interest, particularly for those shifting with climate change. Storms may disrupt algae–nutrient relationships, but the expected effects differ between winter and summer seasons, particularly for seasonally ice‐covered lakes. In winter, storms can dramatically change the under‐ice light environment, creating light limitation that disrupts algae–nutrient relationships. Further, storms can bring both snow that blocks light and also wind that blows snow off of ice. In open water conditions, storms may promote turbulence and external nutrient loading. Here, we test the hypotheses that winter and summer storms differentially affect algae–nutrient relationships across 84 seasonally ice‐covered lakes included in the Ecology Under Lake Ice dataset. While nutrients explained most of the variation in chlorophyll across these lakes, we found that secondary drivers differed between seasons. Under‐ice chlorophyll was higher under a variety of precipitation and wind conditions that tend to promote snow‐free clear ice, highlighting the importance of light as a limiting factor for algal growth during winter. In summer, higher water temperatures and storms corresponded with higher chlorophyll. Our study suggests that examining ice‐covered lakes in a gradient from the perennial ice cover of the poles to the intermittent ice cover of lower latitudes would yield key information on the shifts in light and nutrient limitation that control algal biomass.
Molecular subtypes based on metabolic genes are potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immune responses of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi , Ji Hao , Zhu Bingye , Xing Qianwei , Xie Huyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the existence of tumor molecular heterogeneity, even patients having similar clinicopathological features could have vastly different survival rates. Hence, we aimed to explore novel metabolism‐associated genes (MAGs) related molecular subtypes for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and their immune landscapes for predicting prognosis and immune responses. Gene matrices and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA and ICGC datasets. Consensus clustering was conducted by the R “ConsensusClusterPlus” package. ccRCC patients were successfully divided into three clusters (MC1, MC2, and MC3) based on MAGs in both TCGA and ICGC datasets. Our established three MAGs were significantly associated with chemokine/chemokine receptor, IFN, CYT, angiogenesis, immune checkpoint molecules, tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, oncogenic pathways, pan‐cancer immune subtypes, and tumor microenvironment (TME) scores or expressions. Moreover, these three metabolic ccRCC subtypes could predict immunotherapeutic responses. We further constructed a characteristic index (LDAscore) in three metabolic ccRCC subtypes and identified LDAscore‐related modules by WGCNA. After deep data mining, 10 hub genes were obtained and seven genes (ATRX, BPTF, DHX9, EP300, POLR2B, SIN3A, UBE3A) were finally validated by qRT‐PCR. Our results successfully established a novel ccRCC subtype based on MAGs, providing novel insights into metabolism‐related ccRCC tumor heterogeneity and facilitating individualized therapy for future work.
Hemodynamic correlates of emotion regulation in frontal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy participants
Authors: Benzait Anissa , Krenz Valentina , Wegrzyn Martin , Doll Anna , Woermann Friedrich , Labudda Kirsten , Bien Christian G. , Kissler Johanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ability to regulate emotions is indispensable for maintaining psychological health. It heavily relies on frontal lobe functions which are disrupted in frontal lobe epilepsy. Accordingly, emotional dysregulation and use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies have been reported in frontal lobe epilepsy patients. Therefore, it is of clinical and scientific interest to investigate emotion regulation in frontal lobe epilepsy. We studied neural correlates of upregulating and downregulating emotions toward aversive pictures through reappraisal in 18 frontal lobe epilepsy patients and 17 healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients tended to report more difficulties with impulse control than controls. On the neural level, patients had diminished activity during upregulation in distributed left‐sided regions, including ventrolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus and anterior temporal gyrus. Patients also showed less activity than controls in the left precuneus for upregulation compared to downregulation. Unlike controls, they displayed no task‐related activity changes in the left amygdala, whereas the right amygdala showed task‐related modulations in both groups. Upregulation‐related activity changes in the left inferior frontal gyrus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus were correlated with questionnaire data on habitual emotion regulation. Our results show that structural or functional impairments in the frontal lobes disrupt neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation through reappraisal throughout the brain, including posterior regions involved in semantic control. Findings on the amygdala as a major target of emotion regulation are in line with the view that specifically the left amygdala is connected with semantic processing networks.
Advances in “adiponcosis”: Insights in the inner mechanisms at the base of adipose and tumour tissues interplay
Authors: Pagano Cristina , di Zazzo Erika , Avilia Giorgio , Savarese Beatrice , Navarra Giovanna , Proto Maria Chiara , Fiore Donatella , Rienzo Monica , Gazzerro Patrizia , Laezza Chiara , Bifulco Maurizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe epidemic spread of obesity is nowadays recognized as a global health and economic burden, arising great interest in the scientific community. The rate of adult obesity steadily increases concomitantly with the cancer incidence. As has been comprehensively reported, obesity is included among the multiple cancer risk factors and can progressively cause and/or exacerbate certain cancer types, as colorectal and breast cancers. The term adiponcosis was forged precisely to emphasize the interconnection between obesity and cancer onset and progression. The underlying mechanisms of adiponcosis have not been fully elucidated yet, may vary on cancer type, and depend on body fat distribution. It has been proposed that insulin resistance and related chronic hyperinsulinemia, increased insulin‐like growth factors production, chronic inflammation or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones could be responsible of cancer hallmarks. Additionally, it has been suggested that adipose tissue‐derived hormones, cytokines and adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the current evidence on pathways, hormones, cytokines and low‐chronic inflammation subtending adiponconsis, focusing on breast and colorectal cancers. In addition, we analyzed the lifestyle interventions that could attenuate the driving forces of obesity‐related cancer incidence and progression. Moreover, current targets and drugs, their pros and cons, as well as new mechanisms and targets with promising therapeutic potential in cancer are discussed. Depicting this complex interconnection will provide insights for establishing new therapeutic approaches to halt the obesity impacts and thwart cancer onset and progression.
High‐resolution volumetric information fusion for depth of field enhancement in photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Song Xianlin , Li Sihang , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Cao Xiongjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy suffers from limited depth of field due to the strongly focused laser beam. Here, a novel volumetric information fusion is proposed to achieve large volumetric and high‐resolution imaging. First, three‐dimensional stationary wavelet transform was performed on the multi‐focus data to obtain eight wavelet coefficients. Differential evolution based on joint weighted evaluation was then employed to optimize the block size of division for each wavelet coefficient. The proposed fusion rule using standard deviation for focus detection was used to fuse the corresponding sub‐coefficients. Finally, photoacoustic imaging with large depth of field can be achieved by the inverse stationary wavelet transform. Performance test shows that the depth of field of photoacoustic imaging can be doubled without sacrificing lateral resolution. The proposed volumetric information fusion can further promote the capability of volumetric imaging of optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy and will be helpful in the acquisition of physiological and pathological process.
Anatomy of chemically enhanced sewage settling by particle size distribution analysis
Authors: Duba Seyda , Sözen Seval , Dogruel Serdar , Olmez‐Hanci Tugba , Ozyildiz Goksin , Cokgor Emine , Orhon Derin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the anatomy of organic carbon (as chemical oxygen demand, COD) removal from sewage through chemically assisted settling, by means of particle size distribution (PSD) analysis: it showed which size fractions were affected, aside from the particulate COD. The experiments were conducted on the effluent of the existing preliminary treatment plant before deep‐sea discharge into the Bosphorus. FeCl3, alum and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used as coagulants at different doses. The performance of the coagulants on the effluent COD was interpreted with PSD.RESULTSPAC at 25 mg L−1, selected as the optimum coagulant, reduced COD below soluble COD level, to around 145 mg L−1, with an overall efficiency of more than 70%. Although chemical settling was most effective on particulate COD at >450 nm, it also provided a COD removal of 28% in 220–450 nm of the colloidal range and 40% in 13–220 nm of the range, representing soluble hydrolysable COD. The lowest removal rate was observed in the soluble range, consisting of readily biodegradable (only 5%) and a part of the inert COD (<2 nm) identified as 12% – twice as high as ordinary domestic wastewaters, with only 1%.CONCLUSIONPSD and COD fractionation analyses were instrumental in depicting the potential of chemically enhanced settling to reduce COD in the soluble range, identifying the distribution of remaining COD fractions in different size intervals. The results also suggested a novel treatment process with additional membrane filtration, namely membrane chemical reactor, (MCR), reflecting a potential for replacing the conventional activated sludge process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a neurovirulent Zika virus isolated from Cambodia in 2019
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Fei , Guo Jing‐Jing , Yang Fan , Zhou Hang‐Yu , Zhang Na‐Na , Xiong Xiao‐Chuan , Feng Yue , Deng Yong‐Qiang , Qin Cheng‐Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe geographic range of Zika virus (ZIKV) has expanded from Asia to the Americas, leading to the 2015–2016 pandemic with enhanced neurovirulence. At present, ZIKV is continuously circulating in many Southeast Asian countries. Unfortunately, the persistent evolution of ZIKV in Southeast Asia and its influence on the biological characteristics of the virus remain incompletely understood. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo properties of a new ZIKV isolate obtained from Cambodia in 2019 (CAM/2019) were characterized and compared with those of the Cambodian strain (CAM/2010). Compared with CAM/2010, the CAM/2019 virus showed similar plaque morphology and growth curves in cell cultures and induced comparable viremia and organ viral loads profiles in both BALB/c and A129 (IFNAR1−/−) mice upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation. Remarkably, the CAM/2019 virus exhibited enhanced neurovirulence in neonatal mice compared with CAM/2010, with a 74‐fold reduction in the 50% lethal dose (LD50). Consistently, CAM/2019 produced higher viral loads in the brains of BALB/c neonatal mice than CAM/2010 did. Sequence alignment showed that the CAM/2019 virus has acquired 12 amino acid substitutions, several of which were found to be associated with neurovirulence. In particular, the CAM/2019 virus shared an A1204T substitution in NS2A with the Thai isolate SI‐BKK02 that was isolated from a microcephaly case. Taken together, our results indicate that a ZIKV strain isolated with specific mutations has emerged in Cambodia, highlighting the need for extensive molecular and disease surveillance in Cambodia and other Asian countries.
Association between emphysema and other pulmonary computed tomography patterns in COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Han Ke , Wang Jing , Zou Yulin , Zhang Yuxin , Zhou Lin , Yin Yiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on admission to hospital. And then correlate CT pulmonary infiltrates involvement with the findings of emphysema. We analyzed the different infiltrates of COVID‐19 pneumonia using emphysema as the grade of pneumonia. We applied open‐source assisted software (3D Slicer) to model the lungs and lesions of 66 patients with COVID‐19, which were retrospectively included. we divided the 66 COVID‐19 patients into the following two groups: (A) 12 patients with less than 10% emphysema in the low‐attenuation area less than −950 Hounsfield units (%LAA‐950), (B) 54 patients with greater than or equal to 10% emphysema in %LAA‐950. Imaging findings were assessed retrospectively by two authors and then pulmonary infiltrates and emphysema volumes were measured on CT using 3D Slicer software. Differences between pulmonary infiltrates, emphysema, Collapsed, affected of patients with CT findings were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon test, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The left lung (A) affected left lung 20.00/affected right lung 18.50, (B) affected left lung 13.00/affected right lung 11.50 was most frequently involved region in COVID‐19. In addition, collapsed left lung, (A) collapsed left lung 4.95/collapsed right lung 4.65, (B) collapsed left lung 3.65/collapsed right lung 3.15 was also more severe than the right one. There were significant differences between the Group A and Group B in terms of the percentage of CT involvement in each lung region (p < 0.05), except for the inflated affected total lung (p = 0.152). The median percentage of collapsed left lung in the Group A was 20.00 (14.00–30.00), right lung was 18.50 (13.00–30.25) and the total was 19.00 (13.00–30.00), while the median percentage of collapsed left lung in the Group B was 13.00 (10.00–14.75), right lung was 11.50 (10.00–15.00) and the total was 12.50 (10.00–15.00). The percentage of affected left lung is an independent predictor of emphysema in COVID‐19 patients. We need to focus on the left lung of the patient as it is more affected. The people with lower levels of emphysema may have more collapsed segments. The more collapsed segments may lead to more serious clinical feature.