bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydromyricetin inhibits cancer cell migration and matrix metalloproteinases‐2 expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Chen , Su Chun‐Wen , Wang Po‐Hui , Lu Yen‐Ting , Ho Yu‐Ting , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hsin Chung‐Han , Lin Chiao‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southeast Asia and the main cause of treatment failure is metastasis. A lot of biological and pharmacological actions of dihydromyricetin (DHM) have been reported such as regulating glucose and anti‐cancer effects. The effects of DHM on the cancer invasion and migration of NPC, however, are still unclear. We therefore investigated the in vitro anti‐metastatic properties of DHM on three human NPC cell lines (HONE‐1, NPC‐39, and NPC‐BM), as well as the underlying signaling pathways. Our study revealed that DHM could suppress the migration and invasion in NPC cells. Gelatin zymography assay and western blotting assays demonstrated that DHM suppressed the enzyme activity and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2). Mitogen‐activated protein kinases were also investigated to elucidate the signaling pathway, which showed that phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) was inhibited after the treatment of DHM. In conclusion, our data revealed that DHM inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells by suppressing the expression of MMP‐2 via down regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Protective effect of C‐phycocyanin and apo‐phycocyanin subunit on programmed necrosis ofGC‐1 spg cells induced byH2O2
Authors: Dong Xiaolei , Yang Fanghao , Xu Xiaohui , Zhu Feng , Liu Guoxiang , Xu Fenghua , Chen Guang , Cao Can , Teng Lei , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Lin , Li Bing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractC‐phycocyanin (C‐PC) is an effective antioxidant and has an important value in medical research. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the main underlying mechanisms of cell death, and reducing oxidative stress is one of the strategies to enhance germ cell viability. Herein, we investigated the protective effect and the mechanism of C‐PC and apo‐phycocyanin subunit on oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2in GC‐1 spg cells. C‐PC genes were cloned into the pGEX‐4T‐1 vectorand transformed intoEscherichia coliBL21 to achieve the efficient expression of C‐PC subunit. GC‐1 spg cells were treated with 600 μM H2O2for 24 h to establish the oxidative stress damage model. Cell viability was detected by CCK‐8. The degree of oxidative stress was detected by testing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated utilizingby 2', 7'‐dichlorofluorescent‐diacetate (DCFH‐DA). Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC‐1. Cell necrosis rate was detected by Annexin V‐FITC/PI. Expression of protein was detected by western blot. We found that C‐PC and GST‐CPC β significantly inhibited H2O2‐induced oxidative damage of GC‐1 spg cells, improved the ability of antioxidation, reduced ROS overproduction, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and inhibited the RIP‐1/RIP‐3/ p‐MLKL signaling pathway to reduce the necrosis rate. The results demonstrated that C‐PC played a protective role against H2O2‐induced cell damage, especially its β subunit. This study provides a theoretical basis for C‐PC as a potential protective agent of reproductive system.
Recent advances on transdermal delivery systems for the treatment of arthritic injuries: From classical treatment to nanomedicines
Authors: Shang Hongtao , Younas Ayesha , Zhang Nan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArthritic injuries happen frequently during a lifetime due to accidents, sports, aging, diseases, etc. Such injuries can be cartilage/bone injuries, tendon injuries, ligament injuries, inflammation, pain, and/or synovitis. Oral and injective administration of therapeutics are typically used but cause many side effects. Transdermal administration is an alternative route for safe and efficient delivery. Transdermal formulations of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have been available on market for years and show promising efficacy in pain relieving, inflammation alleviation, infection control, and so on. Innovative transdermal patches, gels/films, and microneedles have also been widely explored as formulations to deliver therapeutics to combat arthritic injuries. However, transdermal formulations that halt disease progression and promote damage repair are translated slowly from lab bench to clinical applications. One major reason is that the skin barrier and synovial capsule barrier limit the efficacy of transdermal delivery. Recently, many nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, nanolipids, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, exosomes, etc., have been incorporated into transdermal formulations to advance drug delivery. The combined transdermal formulations show promising safety and efficacy. Therefore, this review will focus on stating the current development of nanomedicine‐based transdermal formulations for the treatment of arthritic injuries. The advances, limitations, and future perspectives in this field will also be provided to inspire future studies and accelerate clinical translational studies.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Modelling the coordination environment in α‐ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases – a comparative study on the effect of N‐ vs. O‐ligation
Authors: Warm Katrin , Kass Dustin , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger , Ray Kallol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn various non‐heme iron oxygenases the Fe(II) center is coordinated by 2 N and 1 O atoms of the 2‐His‐2‐carboxylate facial triad; however, most artificial model complexes bear only N‐based ligands. In an effort to closely mimic the coordination environment in α‐ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases, we have now employed the Me2tacnO ligand (4,7‐dimethyl‐1‐oxa‐4,7‐diazacyclononane) in the synthesis of the complexes [(Me2tacnO)FeCl2]2 (1‐NNO), [(Me2tacnO)FeCl3] (1 b‐NNO) and [(Me2tacnO)Fe(BF)Cl] (2‐NNO; BF=benzoylformate). The weaker donation of the O atom in the ligand was found to result in stronger binding of the ligand in trans‐position to the O‐atom of the ancillary ligand as compared to the corresponding complexes involving the Me3tacn (1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane) ligand. Furthermore, by stopped‐flow techniques we could detect an intermediate (3‐NNO) in the reaction of 2‐NNO with O2. The spectroscopic features of 3‐NNO agree with the involvement of an Fe(IV)‐oxo intermediate and hence this study represents the first detection of such an intermediate in the O2 activation of artificial α‐ketoglutarate Fe(II) complexes.
Scarheart: Research as Healing
Authors: O’Hara Emily R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMy chapter examines whether and if so, how, alternative approaches can be used to engage with intimate partner violence (IPV). I explore how poetry, creative writing and other forms of expression can be feminist methodologies for looking at IPV as they both offer us ways of thinking differently about objects of study, in more embodied, personal and situated ways, and can also be forms of healing in the very process of studying such “difficult” objects of research. I use artistic mediums as a form of healing when writing about the very thing that has caused so much personal hardship. My chapter also narrates my own experience with IPV as a survivor’s “ethnography of one”.
Feminist Ethics Amid Covid-19: Unpacking Assumptions and Reflections on Risk in Research
Authors: Dupuis Constance 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of my research on aging and later life, I explore the complexities of navigating feminist ethics in the context of a pandemic. This chapter begins by situating how I entered the research process and my early thinking about research ethics, discussing how my assumptions were partially validated in my early data collection. I then unpack how the Covid-19 pandemic has flipped some of these assumptions on their head, underscoring the unexamined ageism that fed them. I reflect on how my understanding of risk in research has also been problematized because of Covid-19. I close with a reflection on feminist research ethics as a practice of feminist methodologies, and gesture towards what I have learned about in practice when unpacking assumptions.
Of Apps and the Menstrual Cycle: A Journey into Self-Tracking
Authors: Gaybor Jacqueline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I describe my journey of becoming a user of menstrual tracking apps. I explore how my positionality and the different encounters I have had prior to and during this journey have shaped my understanding and experience of using the app. I am reflexive about how my standpoint constituted my meaning-making processes. I emphasize that through the journey of self-tracking, knowledge was developed in conversation with other users of these apps. I reflect on the tensions I face with regards to giving away personal data to the health app about my body while questioning the advertised possibilities to build body awareness and knowledge through digital traces. My chapter concludes by assessing my methodological choices, stressing the possibilities and limitations of a reflective writing.
Immersion, Diversion, Subversion: Living a Feminist Methodology
Authors: Sathyamala C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter tells the story of my fifteen-month ethnographic study in Tamil Nadu, India. I begin by tracing my journey from the time I, as a physician, opted out of clinical medicine to work at the primary care level in rural India. I look at how in this process I gathered theory, methods, politics and found a way of being. The interpretive approach followed acknowledges how my background, positionality, and emotions were an integral part of producing ‘data’. I observed the village people’s everyday lives, as reflected, and refracted through a multi-layered class, caste and gender lenses even as I negotiated my everyday life in the village. Reflecting on the methodology I adopted, I conclude that methodologies need to be lived rather than applied.
Alpha-alpha scattering in the Multiverse
Authors: Elhatisari Serdar , Lähde Timo A. , Lee Dean , Meißner Ulf-G. , Vonk Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the phase shifts of low-energy α-α scattering under variations of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model, namely the light quark mass, the electromagnetic fine-structure constant as well as the QCD θ-angle. As a first step, we recalculate α-α scattering in our Universe utilizing various improvements in the adiabatic projection method, which leads to an improved, parameter-free prediction of the S- and D-wave phase shifts for laboratory energies below 10 MeV. We find that positive shifts in the pion mass have a small effect on the S-wave phase shift, whereas lowering the pion mass adds some repulsion in the two-alpha system. The effect on the D-wave phase shift turns out to be more pronounced as signaled by the D-wave resonance parameters. Variations of the fine-structure constant have almost no effect on the low-energy α-α phase shifts. We further show that up-to-and-including next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion, variations of these phase shifts with respect to the QCD θ-angle can be expressed in terms of the θ-dependent pion mass.
Effect of surgical stabilization of rib fractures in polytrauma: an analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Becker Lars , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Spering Christopher , Franke Axel , Dudda Marcel , Lefering Rolf , Matthes Gerrit , Bieler Dan ,   Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care, Trauma Management (Sektion NIS) of the German Trauma Society (DGU)
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In severely injured patients with multiple rib fractures the beneficial effect of surgical stabilization is still unknown. The existing literature shows divergent results and especially the indication and the right timing of an operation are subject of a broad discussion. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) on the outcome in a multi-center database with special regard to the duration of ventilation, intensive care and overall hospital stay.

Methods
Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® collected between 2008 and 2017 were used to evaluate patients over 16 years with severe rib fractures (AIS ≥ 3). In addition to the basic comparison a matched pair analysis of 395 pairs was carried out in order to find differences and to increase comparability.

Results
In total 483 patients received an operative treatment and 29,447 were treated conservatively. SSRF was associated with a significantly lower mortality rate (7.6% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.008) but a longer ventilation time and longer stay as well as in the intensive care unit (ICU) as the overall hospital stay. Both matched pair groups showed a good or very good neurological outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 4 of 5 cases. Contrary to the existing recommendations most of the patients were not operated within 48 h.

Conclusions
In our data set, obviously most of the patients were not treated according to the recent literature and showed a delay in the time for operative care of well over 48 h. This may lead to an increased rate of complications and a longer stay at the ICU and the hospital in general. Despite of these findings patients with operative treatment show a significant lower mortality rate.
Predictability of success and open conjunctival revision rates in the subsequent eye after XEN45 Gel Stent implantation according to lens status
Authors: Kiessling D. , Rennings C. , Hild M. , Lappas A. , Dietlein T.S. , Roessler G.F. , Widder R.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the predictability of success and the risk of open conjunctival revision in the subsequent eye after XEN45 Gel Stent implantation according to lens status.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-centre study involving 132 eyes of 66 participants who had undergone intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering XEN45 Gel Stent implantation, either as a standalone procedure in phakic and pseudophakic eyes or in combination with phacoemulsification. Successful surgery was defined by three scores: IOP at follow-up < 21 mmHg (score A) or < 18 mmHg (score B) and an IOP reduction > 20% or IOP ≤ 15 mmHg and an IOP reduction ≥ 40% (score C). In all scores, one open conjunctival revision was allowed, and additional repeat surgery was considered a failure. The predictability of success and revision rate depending on the outcome of the first eye were calculated using Bayes’ theorem.

Results
IOP-lowering did not differ significantly between the first and second eyes. Success rates of standalone surgery in the second eye after successful surgery in the first eye significantly exceed rates after prior failure. For the combined procedure, the rates did not differ significantly. For score A, we determined a 76.6% chance of success following a prior success and a 57.9% chance, if prior surgery failed. The corresponding probabilities were 75% and 59.1% for score B, while 66.7% and 15.7% for score C, respectively. We calculated a 60% risk for revision surgery in the standalone phakic group. If the first eye was not revised, the risk of revision in the subsequent eye was 20%. The corresponding risks were 72.7% and 5% for the standalone procedure in pseudophakic patients and 38.4% and 41.7% for the combined procedure, respectively.

Conclusion
The results of our study offer a tool to predict the outcome of subsequent eye surgeries based on either the outcome in the initial eye and the type of surgery performed, owing to the high predictive potential.
Additional fiber orientations in the sagittal stratum—noise or anatomical fine structure?
Authors: Caspers Svenja , Axer Markus , Gräßel David , Amunts Katrin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe sagittal stratum is a prominent and macroscopically clearly visible white-matter structure within occipital and parietal lobes with a highly organized structure of parallel fibers running in rostro-caudal direction. Apart from the major tract running through, i.e., the optic radiation, the source and arrangement of other fibers within the sagittal stratum is only partially understood. Recent diffusion imaging studies in-vivo suggest additional minor fiber directions, perpendicular to the major rostro-caudal ones, but the spatial resolution does not allow to resolve them, and to unambiguously distinguish it from noise. Taking this previous evidence as motivation, the present study used 3D polarized light imaging (3D-PLI) for micrometer resolution analysis of nerve fibers in postmortem specimens of a vervet monkey brain. The analysis of coronal occipital and parietal sections revealed that the sagittal stratum consisted of an external and an internal layer, which are joined and crossed by fibers from the surrounding white matter and the tapetum. Fibers from different parietal and occipital regions entered the sagittal stratum in the dorsal, ventral or middle sector, as solid large bundles or as several small fiber aggregations. These patterns were remarkably similar to published results of tracer experiments in macaques. Taking this correspondence as external validation of 3D-PLI enabled translation to the human brain, where a similarly complex fiber architecture within the sagittal stratum could be exemplified in a human hemisphere in our study. We thus argue in favor of a dedicated fiber microstructure within the sagittal stratum as a correlate of the additional fiber directions typically seen in in-vivo diffusion imaging studies.
Urban sprawl facilitates invasions of exotic plants across multiple spatial scales
Authors: Boscutti Francesco , Lami Francesco , Pellegrini Elisa , Buccheri Massimo , Busato Francesco , Martini Fabrizio , Sibella Rossella , Sigura Maurizia , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExotic plant invasions are considered one of the major threats to biodiversity causing important impacts at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Understanding the drivers of plant invasions across multiple spatial and temporal scales often requires a landscape approach. The effect of landscape composition on biological invasion has been extensively studied, whereas landscape configuration effects were seldom considered or the analyses were limited to single species. Here, we aimed to analyze how the expansion of urban and agricultural areas can affect exotic species richness (both neophytes and archaeophytes) at three spatial scales, namely regional (scale: 37.5 km2), landscape (scale: 7.1 km2) and local (scale: 100 m2). We considered the possible contribution of urban and agricultural areas both in terms of composition (i.e. habitat cover) and configuration (i.e. shape complexity of patches). First, we found that increasing urbanization coupled with high shape complexity of urban elements were major drivers of both neophyte and archaeophyte invasions across heterogeneous landscapes. In particular, shape complexity seemed to be a key driver of plant invasions at large spatial scale, whereas the type of recipient habitat and urban cover determined the exotic success at the patch level. Second, archaeophytes were also affected by agriculture land use, i.e. agricultural patches shape complexity increased their spread at both regional and landscape scales. High shape complexity of highly disturbed habitats is expected to increase the exchange surface that exotic plant use to spread their propagules across the landscape mosaics. Our findings suggest that urban planning aimed at curbing urban fragmentation by both reducing shape complexity and diffuse urban sprawl might greatly improve the resistance of landscapes to biological invasions.
From Greenwashing to Machinewashing: A Model and Future Directions Derived from Reasoning by Analogy
Authors: Seele Peter , Schultz Mario D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a conceptual mapping to outline salient properties and relations that allow for a knowledge transfer from the well-established greenwashing phenomenon to the more recent machinewashing. We account for relevant dissimilarities, indicating where conceptual boundaries may be drawn. Guided by a “reasoning by analogy” approach, the article addresses the structural analogy and machinewashing idiosyncrasies leading to a novel and theoretically informed model of machinewashing. Consequently, machinewashing is defined as a strategy that organizations adopt to engage in misleading behavior (communication and/or action) about ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI)/algorithmic systems. Machinewashing involves misleading information about ethical AI communicated or omitted via words, visuals, or the underlying algorithm of AI itself. Furthermore, and going beyond greenwashing, machinewashing may be used for symbolic actions such as (covert) lobbying and prevention of stricter regulation. By outlining diverse theoretical foundations of the established greenwashing domain and their relation to specific research questions, the article proposes a machinewashing model and a set of theory-related research questions on the macro, meso, and micro-level for future machinewashing research. We conclude by stressing limitations and by outlining practical implications for organizations and policymakers.
Reproducibility of coronary artery calcium quantification on dual-source CT and dual-source photon-counting CT: a dynamic phantom study
Authors: van der Werf Niels R. , Booij Ronald , Greuter Marcel J. W. , Bos Daniel , van der Lugt A. , Budde R. P. J. , van Straten Marcel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo systematically compare coronary artery calcium (CAC) quantification between conventional computed tomography (CT) and photon-counting CT (PCCT) at different virtual monoenergetic (monoE) levels for different heart rates. A dynamic (heart rates of 0, < 60, 60–75, and > 75 bpm) anthropomorphic phantom with three calcification densities was scanned using routine clinical CAC protocols with CT and PCCT. In addition to the standard clinical protocol of 70 keV, PCCT images were reconstructed at monoE levels of 72, 74, and 76 keV. CAC was quantified using Agatston, volume, and mass scores. Agatston scores 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and compared between PCCT and CT. Volume and mass scores were compared with physical quantities. For all CAC densities, routine clinical protocol Agatston scores of static CAC were higher for PCCT compared to CT. At < 60 bpm, Agatston scores at 74 and 76 keV reconstructions were reproducible (overlapping CI) for PCCT and CT. Increased heart rates yielded different Agatston scores for PCCT in comparison with CT, for all monoE levels. Low density CAC volume scores showed the largest deviation from physical volume, with mean deviations of 59% and 77% for CT and PCCT, respectively. Overall, mass scores underestimated physical mass by 10%, 38%, and 59% for low, medium, and high density CAC, respectively. PCCT allows for reproducible Agatston scores for dynamic CAC (< 60 bpm) when reconstructed at monoE levels of 74 or 76 keV, regardless of CAC density. Deviations from physical volume and mass were, in general, large for both CT and PCCT.