bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Recovery Depends on Timing of Surgery in Patients With Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Thomé Claudius , Kögl Nikolaus , Grassner Lukas , Vo Anh Khoa , Kramer John Lawrence Kipling , Petr Ondra 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although approximately half of the patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery present with motor deficits, timing of surgery for radicular weakness is largely unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the impact of surgical timing on motor recovery in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) and to identify an ideal time window for intervention.

METHODS:
In a single-center observational trial, 390 patients with LDH-associated motor deficits were prospectively followed for a minimum of 12 months after nonelective microscopic disk surgery. The duration of motor deficit before surgery was documented. Motor function was graded according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Statistical analysis of motor recovery applied unbiased recursive partitioning conditional inference tree to determine cutoff times for optimal surgical intervention. The slope of recovery calculated as the change of the MRC grade over time served as the primary outcome.

RESULTS:
A preoperative motor deficit of MRC ≤2/5 and the duration of paresis were identified as the most important predictors of recovery (P < .001). Surgery within 3 days was associated with a better recovery for both severe and moderate/mild deficits (P = .017 for MRC ≤ 2/5; P < .001 for MRC > 2/5; number needed to treat [NNT] <2). A sensitivity analysis in mild motor deficits indicated a cutoff of 8 days.

CONCLUSION:
Timing of surgery is crucial for motor recovery in LDH-associated deficits. Immediate diagnosis, imaging, and referral should be aimed for to allow disk surgery within 3 days in patients with severe and moderate radicular weakness. If functionally disabling, even mild deficits may warrant decompression within a week.
Community-based models of care for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among non-pregnant adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Firima Emmanuel , Gonzalez Lucia , Huber Jacqueline , Belus Jennifer M. , Raeber Fabian , Gupta Ravi , Mokhohlane Joalane , Mphunyane Madavida , Amstutz Alain , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Background: The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). However, awareness of and access to T2DM diagnosis and care remain low in SSA, leading to delayed treatment, early morbidity, and mortality. Particularly in rural settings with long distances to health care facilities, community-based care models may contribute to increased timely diagnosis and care. This scoping review aims to summarize and categorize existing models of community-based care for T2DM among non-pregnant adults in SSA, and to synthesize the evidence on acceptance, clinical outcomes, and engagement in care. Method and analysis: This review will follow the framework suggested by Arskey and O’Malley, which has been further refined by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Electronic searches will be performed in Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus, supplemented with backward and forward citation searches. We will include cohort studies, randomized trials and case-control studies that report cases of non-pregnant individuals diagnosed with T2DM in SSA who receive a substantial part of care in the community. Our outcomes of interest will be model acceptability, blood sugar control, end organ damage, and patient engagement in care. A narrative analysis will be conducted, and comparisons made between community-based and facility-based models, where within-study comparison is reported. Conclusion: Care for T2DM has become a global health priority. Community-based care may be an important add-on approach especially in populations with poor access to health care facilities. This review will inform policy makers and program implementers on different community-based models for care of T2DM in SSA, and critically appraise their acceptability and clinical outcomes. It will further identify evidence gaps and future research priorities in community-based T2DM care.
Emocje – ich znaczenie i zadania
Authors: Gałuszka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

Emocje są to stany psychiczne, wywołujące określone zmiany fizjologiczne (np. wydzielanie adrenaliny),somatyczne (np. zmiana postawy ciała, mimiczne- mina „smutna” lub „przerażona”), poznawcze (np.pojawienie się myśli o ucieczce na widok groźnego psa), związane z zachowaniem (np. zwiększona czujność, ucieczka).W skład procesu emocjonalnego wchodzą trzy podstawowe komponenty:pobudzenie emocjonalne, prowadzące do zmian mobilizacyjnych w organizmie, uświadomienie sobie znaczenia tych zmian, specyficzne i jakościowe cechy zdarzenia mającego znaczenie dla człowieka. Rodzaje reakcji emocjonalnych: fizjologiczna, psychologiczna, behawioralna. Istnieją różne typy emocji, które są klasyfikowane w kolejności od najbardziej podstawowych do emocji wyuczonych w różnych kontekstach, dlatego wyróżnia się emocje podstawowe (wrodzone i reagują na bodziec, zalicza się tu: złość, smutek, radość, strach, zaskoczenie, niechęć) i wtórne (powstają po pierwotnej emocji, wstydzie, poczuciu winy, dumie, niepokoju, zazdrości, nadziei). Pozytywne i negatywne emocje: wpływają na zachowania ludzi, więc niektóre emocje mogą generować pozytywne działania lub reakcje, takie jak radość lub satysfakcja, ale są też inne emocje, które powodują szkodliwe uczucia dla jednostki.
Autyzm jako wyzwanie w wymiarze medycznym, diagnostyczny i terapeutyczny
Authors: Jach-Salamon Natalia 
Published: January 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel pracy: Autyzm stanowi całościowe, rozległe zaburzenie rozwoju. Wpływa na przebieg różnych procesów i znacznie ogranicza osobom nim dotkniętym, możliwość samodzielnego, niezależnego od opieki innych ludzi, życia. Zgodnie ze współczesną wiedzą autyzm zaliczany jest do problemów o podłożu neurobiologicznym. Budzi on duże zainteresowanie badaczy, pozostając wciąż stosunkowo słabo poznanym [24]. Celem pracy był przegląd wiedzy w obszarze wieloaspektowego podłoża autyzmu oraz diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego charakteru zaburzeń autystycznych.
Opis stanu wiedzy: Obecnie autyzm traktowany jest jako zaburzenie neurorozwojowe, którego objawy ujawniają się zwykle przed osiągnięciem przez dziecko wieku trzech lat. Osoby dotknięte tym zaburzeniem przejawiają deficyty w zakresie interakcji społecznych, komunikacji werbalnej i niewerbalnej, jak również prezentują zaburzone (ograniczone lub stereotypowe) wzorce zachowania. Autyzm jako schorzenie niejednorodne, może również współistnieć z różnego rodzaju zaburzeniami m.in. upośledzeniem umysłowym, padaczką, zaburzeniami lękowymi czy nastroju [1, 35].
Podsumowanie: Prognozy dotyczące rozwoju, stopnia przystosowania się i wyjścia z autyzmu nie są optymistyczne. Mimo postępów w diagnozowaniu, terapii i edukacji sukces w postaci pełnego wyleczenia jest wciąż „rzadki”. Natomiast istotny jest fakt, że sytuacja osób dotkniętych tych zaburzeniem rozwoju stopniowo poprawia się, dzięki coraz lepszym programom edukacyjnym oraz terapeutycznym, jak również dzięki podejmowanym inicjatywom na rzecz zwiększania możliwości uczestniczenia tych osób w życiu społecznym.
Assessing Nonresponse Bias in Farm Injury Surveillance Data
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Rautiainen Risto H. 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsDespite a response rate of about 18%, there was scant evidence of nonresponse bias.Farm and ranch characteristics of operations responding to a mailed survey were similar to those not responding.Responders were significantly more likely to be married but only slightly older and more educated than nonresponders.Earlier survey responders reported more injuries and greater severity when injured compared to later responders.Abstract. Nonresponse bias in a survey can result in misleading estimates of agricultural injuries and can misdirect prevention efforts aimed at reducing the burden of injuries on farmers. Responders (n = 2,977) and nonresponders (n = 13,849) were compared based on demographics and agricultural production characteristics to identify underrepresented subgroups. Injury characteristics were compared between early (n = 1,667) and late (n = 1,309) responders. Methods accounted for correlated data, sample size inflation of p-values, and assessment of meaningful differences. Few differences were identified between responders and nonresponders. Responders differed from nonresponders by state of residence, and responders were more likely to be married. Other characteristics (age, gender, education, farm size, crops grown, animals raised) were similar across groups. Early responders reported more injuries and more often sought medical care for an injury than late responders. The differences identified between responders and nonresponders were minimal and not likely to create bias. Differential reporting of injury and injury severity between early and late responders is worthy of further investigation. Keywords: Agriculture, Epidemiologic methods, Farm, Injury, Nonresponse bias, Occupational health, Ranch, Safety, Surveillance, Survey.
Impact of the Seattle Sweetened Beverage Tax on substitution to alcoholic beverages
Authors: Powell Lisa M. , Leider Julien 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Taxes are increasingly used as a policy tool aimed at reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), given their association with adverse health outcomes including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, a potential unintended consequence of such a policy could be that the tax induces substitution to alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the $0.0175 per ounce Seattle, Washington, Sweetened Beverage Tax (SBT) on volume sold of alcoholic beverages.

Methods
A difference-in-differences estimation approach was used drawing on universal product code-level food store scanner data on beer (N = 1059) and wine (N = 2655) products one-year pre-tax (February-November, 2017) and one and two-years post-tax (February-November, 2018 and 2019) with Portland, Oregon, as the comparison site.

Results
At two-years post-tax implementation, volume sold of beer in Seattle relative to Portland increased by 7% (ratio of incidence rate ratios [RIRR] = 1.07, 95% CI:1.00,1.15), whereas volume sold of wine decreased by 3% (RIRR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.95,1.00). Overall alcohol (both beer and wine) volume sold increased in Seattle compared to Portland by 4% (RIRR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01,1.07) at one-year post-tax and by 5% (RIRR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.00,1.10) at two-years post-tax. The implied SSB cross-price elasticities of demand for beer and wine, respectively, were calculated to be 0.35 and -0.15.

Conclusions
There was evidence of substitution to beer following the implementation of the Seattle SSB tax. Continued monitoring of potential unintended outcomes related to the implementation of SSB taxes is needed in future tax evaluations.
Primary Norfloxacin Prophylaxis for APASL-Defined Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Kulkarni Anand V. , Tirumalle Sowmya , Premkumar Madhumita , Kumar Karan , Fatima Syeda , Rapole Bindu , Simhadri Venu , Gora Baqar Ali , Sasikala Mitnala , Gujjarlapudi Deepika , Yelamanchili Sadhana , Sharma Mithun , Gupta Rajesh , Rao Padaki Nagaraja , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:
This study aimed to evaluate the role of prophylactic norfloxacin in preventing bacterial infections and its effect on transplant-free survival (TFS) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) identified by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver criteria.

METHODS:
Patients with ACLF included in the study were randomly assigned to receive oral norfloxacin 400 mg or matched placebo once daily for 30 days. The incidence of bacterial infections at days 30 and 90 was the primary outcome, whereas TFS at days 30 and 90 was the secondary outcome.

RESULTS:
A total of 143 patients were included (72 in the norfloxacin and 71 in the placebo groups). Baseline demographics, biochemical variables, and severity scores were similar between the 2 groups. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the incidence of bacterial infections at day 30 was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10–28.9) and 33.8% (95% CI, 23–46) (P = 0.03); and the incidence of bacterial infections at day 90 was 46% (95% CI, 34–58) and 62% (95% CI, 49.67–73.23) in the norfloxacin and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.02). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, TFS at day 30 was 77.8% (95% CI, 66.43–86.73) and 64.8% (95% CI, 52.54–75.75) in the norfloxacin and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.084). Similarly, TFS at day 90 was 58.3% (95% CI, 46.11–69.84) and 43.7% (95% CI, 31.91–55.95), respectively (P = 0.058). Thirty percent of infections were caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. More patients developed concomitant candiduria in the norfloxacin group (25%) than in the placebo group (2.63%).

DISCUSSION:
Primary norfloxacin prophylaxis effectively prevents bacterial infections in patients with ACLF.
LncRNA SNHG1 promotes the development of oral cavity cancer via regulating the miR-421/HMGB2 axis
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Chaoyue , Yang Song , Dong Chen 
Published: January 2022

Oral cancer (OC) is a common malignant tumor in oral surgery, which is prone to metastasis and the prognosis is not optimistic. Long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of endogenous transcripts with more than 200bp in length, lack of specific and complete open reading frame, and does not have the function of protein-coding. Studies have found that it can regulate gene expression at many levels, such as epigenetic level, transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level, thus affecting the occurrence and development of diseases. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence, development, of oral cancer, are associated with lncRNA. In this research, we found that lncRNA SNHG1 was up-regulated in oral cancer. Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 would inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells. Then we revealed a new mechanism that lncRNA SNHG1 regulated the growth of oral cancer via controlling the miR-421/HMGB2 axis, which provided new therapy for patients with oral cancer.
Resistance to bacterial infection, complication occurring after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hamasaeed Payman Akram 
Published: January 2022

To analyze the occurrence of resistant bacterial infection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery hospitalized in the surgical specialty hospital, in Erbil city, Iraq. A prospective study was done on a total of 138 patients operated and hospitalized in an intensive care unit and surgical wards. Bacterial isolates identification was done according to cultural characteristics, microscopic examination, some biochemical tests, analytic Profile Index 20E& API Staph, confirmed with VITEK® 2 compact system (BioMérieux). Antimicrobial susceptibility for disc diffusion tested to 17 antimicrobial agents. Resistance isolates were confirmed phenotypically for carbapenemase by Rapidec Carba NP Test (bioMe´rieux SA, Marcy-l'E´toile, France) for ESBLs producers by ESBL screening test VITEK 2 system. Molecularly blaIMP blaTEM, blaKPC, AmpC and blaCTX-M were detected by PCR. In 134 patients, 28.3% of patients got infected post-operatively. The most frequent source of isolation was from ICU patients (75%). Isolated bacteria included gram-positive 29 (54.7%) and gram-negative bacteria 24 (45.3%). Most frequently: Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), each of pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia (15.1%), Streptococcus spp. (11.3%), Escherichia coli (9.4%). Whereas included Coagulase Negative Staphylococci species (CoNS) (13.2%) and Enterococci species (5.7) Statistical analysis showed significantly higher sensitive isolates as compared with resistance isolates. Resistance to Carbapenems calss was 18.9% and Cephalosporins class 41.5% of isolates. The antimicrobial resistance pattern indicated that MDR bacterial isolates (81.1%) were widespread. Of the 34 phenotypically ESBL positive isolates, the ESBL genes (AmpC, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM) were amplified in 7(20.6), 6(17.6) and 6(17.6) isolates respectively. Out of 8 K. pneumonia (37.5%) harboring both blaAmpC and bla-CTX-M genes, while 6(75%) carries blaTEM. The blaCTX-M gene was found in only 1 (12.5%) out of 8 isolates of P. aeruginosa. While blaAmpC genotyping revealed that 1(7.7%) out of 13 Staph. aureus isolates were harboring it. Finally, 3(60%) out of 5 E. coli isolates harboring both AmpC and bla-CTX-M genes. Cardiac surgery patients wound show increasingly emerging strains of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and E. coli especially patients prolonged in the intensive care unit.
Daseinsbezogene Informationskompetenz in ländlichen Räumen (DILRA)
Authors: Messner Laurine , Griesbaum Joachim , Stooß Anika 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Zugang zu Informationen ist heutzutage von besonderer Relevanz. Ländliche Räume sind durch die speziellen Infrastrukturgegebenheiten dabei mit besonderen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Für die ideale Informationsversorgung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger sind individuelle Kompetenzen ebenso essenziell wie die Informationsversorgung seitens der Kommunen. Das Forschungsprojekt „Daseinsbezogene Informationskompetenz in ländlichen Räumen (DILRA)“ adressiert dieses Themenfeld. Es analysiert u. a. das daseinsbezogene Informationsverhalten im Landkreis Hildesheim sowie die kommunalen Informationsangebote. Hier werden das Projekt und erste Teilergebnisse vorgestellt. Dabei wird deutlich, Kernprobleme der Informationskompetenz und -versorgung im ländlichen Raum stellen die Bewertung von Informationen und Quellen sowie die begrenzten Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten kommunaler Digitalisierungsansätze dar.
Two mixed finite element formulations for the weak imposition of the Neumann boundary conditions for the Darcy flow
Authors: Burman Erik , Puppi Riccardo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We propose two different discrete formulations for the weak imposition of the Neumann boundary conditions of the Darcy flow. The Raviart–Thomas mixed finite element on both triangular and quadrilateral meshes is considered for both methods. One is a consistent discretization depending on a weighting parameter scaling as 𝒪(h
−1), while the other is a penalty-type formulation obtained as the discretization of a perturbation of the original problem and relies on a parameter scaling as 𝒪(h
−k−1), k being the order of the Raviart–Thomas space. We rigorously prove that both methods are stable and result in optimal convergent numerical schemes with respect to appropriate mesh-dependent norms, although the chosen norms do not scale as the usual L
2-norm. However, we are still able to recover the optimal a priori L
2-error estimates for the velocity field, respectively, for high-order and the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas discretizations, for the first and second numerical schemes. Finally, some numerical examples validating the theory are exhibited.
Ecolinguistics reunited: Rewilding the territory
Authors: Cowley Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ways of meaning link ecosystemic destruction with social and linguistic interdependencies. By freeing the entangled roots of these phenomena, we can find a way to rewilding ecolinguistic territory. Turning from focus on analysis of languages, texts, or practices, one unleashes the epistemic power of languaging. As we come to know and understand, languaging permeates perception and action. The perspective solves what I call “Haugen’s problem”, or how languages can interact with environments. Playing down the mind, semogenesis uses practices to graft the cultural on to the biotic. Saying things, like all natural innovation, connects history with cascading situated contingencies. With culture, artifacts, and voices, practical action enables discovery of techniques. These use natural evoneering as personal know-how draws on an evolving social semiotic (or cultural second order). Meanings link emplacement to practices that serve people who engage in organized action. The results shape realities which, along with languages, transform the bioecologies that make up the changing ecosphere. Pursuing the epistemic power of languaging brings new awareness that can ground practical theories. Once we focus on consequences of languaging and languages, ecolinguistics gains maturity. To become a discipline, however, theorists need to use historically effective work to build a clear vision of how, as ecolinguists, we can contribute to the future of evolution.
The impact of the Great Northern War on Poznań and the lives of its inhabitants
Authors: Kościelniak Karol 
Published: January 2022

Summary
The 18th century began unfavourably for the Commonwealth and for Poznań with the great Northern War (1700-1721), which, with its consequences in the form of war damage, plagues, contributed to the depopulation of Poznań and its suburbs and urban villages. The article was prepared to show the situation of the city before the war and, above all, during the war. Military operations, war destruction, population losses, costs of the war and the actions of the occupiers show the significant changes that took place in the capital of Greater Poland as a result of the Great Northern War. It concludes that Poznań became a participant in the war with all its consequences.
The Digital Virus Against Democracy
Authors: Dacheux Eric , Agbessi Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe notion of digital virus covers, in our view, two points: computer viruses that infect our computers and technological solutionism, the unreasonable passion that consists in considering that the solution to all social problems lies in the digital world. Yet the digital world is as vulnerable as the biological world. Moreover, it is dangerous because it pushes us into a digital bondage that undermines democracy. The solution to the crisis is not less democracy, but more democracy. More precisely, we will argue that digital devices do not strengthen democratic communication, they promote a digital connection that hinders deliberation and threatens the very idea of democracy
Recent advances of heterocycle based anticancer hybrids
Authors: Wahan Simranpreet K. , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death across the world. Cancer is a broad word that encompasses a wide range of illnesses that can affect any part of the body. Cancer research has increased understanding of molecular biology and cellular biology, resulting in new cancer therapies. Despite of adverse effects, surgery, radiation, and anticancer medicines are the modern cancer treatments. Keeping in mind the excellent anticancer activity exhibited by various heterocyclics, various medicines with heterocyclic moiety have been developed to identify particular target regions. The chapter aims to discuss new discoveries in the field of anticancer pharmaceuticals comprising the thiazole, pyrazole, oxazole, and triazole rings over the last five years. The proposed anticancer drugs have a lot of future significance due to their high potency.
Genossenschaften und Non Profit Initiativen im Bereich Solidarische Landwirtschaft und Bürgerenergie
Authors: Klemisch Herbert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Kapitalistisch wirtschaftende Unternehmen gelten als Hauptverursacher für die Externalisierungskosten des Kapitalismus, obwohl sie vielfältige Möglichkeiten haben, diese zu minimieren. Reale Utopien und Ansätze alternativer Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Praktiken nachhaltigeren Wirtschaftens finden sich eher in Nischen einer Solidarischen Ökonomie. Diese werden hier unter einem sozialwissenschaftlichen Fokus am Beispiel der Bürgerenergie und der Solidarischen Landwirtschaft in den Blick genommen und an jeweils einem genossenschaftlichen Beispiel erläutert.