bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sn‐Beta Zeolite via Quasi‐Solid‐Phase Route with Low Amount of Organic Template
Authors: Zhou Shengqiang , Zhou Lipeng , Su Yunlai , Yang Xiaomei , He Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSn‐Beta zeolites were successfully synthesized through a quasi‐solid‐phase method by grinding the raw materials and then crystallizing in solid state. The method employed small amount of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and no additional solvent, except for the water contained in template solution. The synthesis conditions including amount of TEAOH and water, and crystallization time were explored. Under optimized conditions, the obtained sample showed high crystallinity and capped square bipyramidal crystals. The diffuse reflectance ultraviolet‐visible spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra of CD3CN and pyridine adsorption were used to characterize the state of Sn and acidity in Sn‐Beta sample. Sn4+ ions were introduced into the framework which generated strong Lewis acid sites. The sample synthesized by quasi‐solid‐phase method gave 38.5 % methyl lactate (MLA) yield for the conversion of glucose to MLA, which is comparable to that of Sn‐Beta prepared with conventional hydrothermal method (39.4 %).
A Mechanistic Approach to Liquid‐Assisted Mechanochemical Synthesis of 5‐Aryl/Spiro‐[1,2,4]‐triazolidine‐3‐thiones
Authors: Dutta Anurag , Abha Saikia Raktim , Jyoti Thakur Ashim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid‐H2O mediated liquid assisted mechanochemical route has been developed for the synthesis of a wide array of 5‐aryl/spiro‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3‐thiones, via in situ generation of benzylidene/alkylidene barbiturates, followed by tandem, base‐driven Michael addition reaction and rearrangement of the pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,2,4]triazepine intermediate. The method is an application of mechanochemistry in organic synthesis. It is efficient, easy to follow and avoids the tedious steps of catalyst preparation and chromatographic separation. Moreover, the protocol is compared to “on‐water”, room temperature approach and the reaction mechanism has been revisited with the aid of experiments.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Site‐Selective Difunctionalization of 2,3‐Dihydrofuran with Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and Peroxides
Authors: Li Laiqiang , Gao Yanhui , Wang Lei , Sun Mingli , Liu Jie , Li Pinhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a visible‐light‐induced difunctionalization of 2,3‐dihydrofuran with quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and peroxides for the synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted tetrahydrofurans under mild reaction conditions with good yields in most cases. The multicomponent reaction exhibits excellent site‐selectivity of carbon‐carbon double bond in 2,3‐dihydrofuran (exclusive anti‐addition), good functional group tolerance, and high diastereoselectivity (d.r. >99 %).
Traditional versus developmental measures of weight suppression: Exploring their relationships with bulimic psychopathology
Authors: Lowe Michael , Singh Simar , Apple Danielle E. , Mayer Laurel , Rosenbaum Michael , Espel‐Huynh Hallie , Thomas J. Graham , Neff Kirstie M. , Zhang Fengqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWeight suppression (WS) is related to a wide variety of eating disorder characteristics. However, individuals with eating disorders usually reach their highest premorbid weight while still developing physically. Therefore, a more sensitive index of individual differences in highest premorbid weight may be one that compares highest premorbid z‐BMI to current z‐BMI (called developmental weight suppression [DWS] here).MethodIn this exploratory study, we compared the relationships between traditional weight suppression (TWS) and DWS and a variety of measures related to bulimic psychopathology in 91 females (M age, 25.2; 60.5% White), with clinical or sub‐clinical bulimia nervosa.ResultsTWS and DWS were correlated (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). TWS was only significantly related to a measure of physical activity whereas DWS was related to 14 outcomes. DWS showed consistent positive relations with behavioural outcomes (e.g., binge eating) but consistent negative relations with cognitive/affective outcomes (e.g., weight concerns).ConclusionsFindings indicated much more consistent relationships between the novel DWS measure and bulimic characteristics than with the TWS measure. DWS showed both positive and negative relations with bulimic symptoms, though these findings require replication to confirm their validity. Consistent evidence indicated that the two WS measures served as mutual suppressor variables.
Evaluation policy and the federal workforce
Authors: Epstein Diana , Zielewski Erica , Liliedahl Erika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe federal evaluation workforce plays a central role in the development and execution of evaluation policy. This workforce performs critical functions that include identifying where evidence should be built in particular policy areas, determining key research questions to inform their agency's mission, and shaping the field more broadly through federal investments in evaluation. Other roles include designing evaluation studies, overseeing contracts to conduct evaluations, performing internal evaluations, and communicating results to decision‐makers. For the most part, these are highly skilled and trained career staff responsible for overseeing and executing technical projects in a challenging bureaucratic and political environment. This chapter describes the role of the federal evaluation workforce in the executive branch and its importance in developing and executing evaluation policy. It also describes recent changes, including the passage of the Foundations for Evidence‐Based Policymaking Act of 2018, that have affected the roles, responsibilities, and opportunities for this vital workforce.
The future of evaluation policy
Authors: Mark Melvin M. , Hart Nicholas R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe highlight some key issues regarding evaluation policy, including themes that emerged across chapters of this volume. These topics include what an evaluation policy is, the kind of content that evaluation policies can have, learning agendas (which are an increasingly common component of evaluation policies, especially at the U.S. federal level), the processes by which evaluation policies are developed and implemented, the role of relationships in evaluation policies, and the consequences of evaluation policy. We briefly highlight how the chapters in this volume offer guidance to those involved with developing, implementing, or revising an evaluation policy, especially—but not only—in the U.S. federal context in the wake of legislation signed into law in 2019. Looking to the future, we also share suggestions for further advances with respect to advocacy, accountability, research, and practice related to evaluation policies.
Evaluation policy and organizational evaluation capacity building: A study of international aid agency evaluation policies
Authors: Al Hudib Hind , Cousins J. Bradley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch and theory on evaluation capacity building (ECB) and organizational evaluation capacity have been developing at a good pace over the past decade. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research on the nature and consequences of organizational evaluation policy. Evaluation policies are developed and implemented ultimately to inform and shape evaluation practice and its consequences. It is therefore natural to consider the interface between evaluation policy and ECB. The present exploratory descriptive study examines 52 evaluation policies from bilateral and multilateral aid agencies to explore connections between evaluation policy content and ECB principles and considerations. The results shed light on some interesting relationships; they are discussed in terms of evaluation use, evaluation purposes, and organizational leadership. The study also resulted in a revision of Trochim's (2009) definition of evaluation policy and a refinement and expansion of his eight‐category taxonomy. Implications for ongoing inquiry are considered and practical implications are offered to organization members and evaluation policy developers.
An update of Åhlberg (2021a): A profound explanation of why eating green (wild) edible plants promote health and longevity
Authors: Åhlberg Mauri K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLast year I found 52 health‐promoting ions and compounds that all green (wild) edible plants share. According to experimental research, of these 52 compounds and ions, ten compounds and ions prevent Alzheimer's disease. Later, I have found four new similar compounds in the current article that promote health and longevity: 1) acetylcholine, 2) choline, 3) phytic acid, and 4) terpenoids. According to the latest experimental research, from the 56 health‐promoting compounds and ions, the following 16 substances prevent Alzheimer's disease: (1) alpha‐linolenic acid, (2) ascorbic acid, (3) carotenoids, (4) caffeic acid, (5) choline, (6) dietary fibers, (7) flavonoids, (8) lutein, (9) melatonin, (10) phenolic acids, (11) phenolic compounds, (12) phytic acid, (13) polyphenols, (14) polysaccharides, (15) silicon and silicates, and (16) terpenoids. In this update, I discuss the nature of generalization in plant science and human nutrition science. Statistically, random sampling is not possible. Purposeful sampling is the best option. Accordingly, strictly statistical inferences are not possible. The best available options are theoretical generalizations from the best‐case studies. However, when researchers use experimental designs to test whether plant substances promote health and longevity and make statistical assumptions, they use statistical inferences and generalizations.
Effect of lactic acid fermentation on the nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of African nightshade
Authors: Sangija Frank , Martin Haikael , Matemu Athanasia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfrican nightshade (ANS) is among many underexploited and neglected indigenous vegetables. This study assessed the effect of lactic acid fermentation (LAF) on nutritional and sensory quality in Solanum villosum (Sv) and Solanum scabrum (Ss). Spontaneously fermented (SF) and controlled fermented (CF) conditions using Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM58 were employed for 15 days and 120 h. From the fermented pickles, relish products were prepared using cooking oil and a variety of spices. The relish products were subjected to a consumer acceptability test. Results show a significant drop in pH to <3.5, increasing titratable acidity (TTA) to around 0.6 after 120 h and 15 days of CF and SF, respectively. LAF resulted in a 2.6–5 and 1.6–4.8‐fold significant rise in β‐carotene in pickles and their relish products. All pickles and relish products exhibited a significant decrease (p < .05) in vitamin C by 88.33%–95.90%. LAF significantly reduced total phenolic (26%– 43%) and Chlorophyll (16.45%–39.25%). On the other hand, LAF showed improvement in minerals content (P, Ca, Fe, and Zn) and reduction of tannin (76.27%–92.88%) and oxalate (77.33%–90%) levels. LAF relish products were highly preferred by the consumers, with S. villosum controlled fermented relish (SvCFR) leading. All fermented relishes were stable at ambient (27°C) and refrigeration (4°C) temperatures after 6 months of storage. Generally, LAF is an effective method for ANS preservation, with improved nutritional quality and safety. LAF can therefore be recommended to small‐scale farmers, processors, and households for ANS preservation. Ultimately, this method enhances the nutrition and sensory quality, safety, and livelihood.
Recovering subjective probability distributions
Authors: Yamazaki Akira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a direct estimation method for recovering subjective probability distributions from option prices. We find that the subjective cumulative distribution function and subjective statistics are represented as static portfolios composed of plain vanilla options. The portfolio weights of the options are determined by the levels of the reciprocal of the pricing kernel and their differentiation. Using options data, we investigate the historical behavior of subjective probability distributions of returns on the S&P 500 index. We also analyze subjective equity risk premiums and subjective variance risk premiums, which can be regarded as ex ante risk premiums.
Trading behavior in bitcoin futures: Following the “smart money”
Authors: Baur Dirk G. , Smales Lee A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Bitcoin futures market has grown rapidly since its 2017 introduction. Along with enabling institutional traders to access a regulated cryptocurrency product, futures provide a means to improve market efficiency by shorting Bitcoin. We examine trading behavior in Bitcoin futures utilizing the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Commitment of Traders report. Leveraged money traders tend to hold the largest positions, be net short, and their trading behavior plays a key role in the Bitcoin futures market. Our empirical results show that leveraged money traders display market timing ability, largely by adjusting their short positions. It seems that other trader types follow this “smart money” in adjusting their own positions in subsequent periods. We also demonstrate that it is possible to construct profitable trading strategies based on observed variations in leveraged money positions.
A precision medicine tool to understand who responds best to hearing aids in late‐life depression
Authors: Brewster Katharine K. , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Wallace Meredith L. , Kim Ana H. , Brown Patrick J. , Roose Steven P. , Golub Justin S. , Galatioto Jessica , Kuhlmey Megan , Rutherford Bret R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesAccumulating evidence suggests that hearing loss (HL) treatment may benefit depressive symptoms among older adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but the specific individual characteristics of those who stand to improve most are unknown.MethodsN = 37 patients ≥60 years with HL and MDD received either active or sham hearing aids in this 12‐week double‐blind randomized controlled trial. A combined moderator approach was utilized in the analysis in order to examine multiple different pretreatment individual characteristics to determine the specific qualities that predicted the best depressive symptom response to hearing aids. Pretreatment characteristics included: Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE‐S), pure tone average (PTA), speech reception threshold (SRT), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), cognition (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status).ResultsThe analysis revealed a combined moderator, predicting greater improvement with active versus sham hearing aids, that had a larger effect size than any individual moderator (combined effect size [ES] = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.36, 0.76]). Individuals with worse hearing‐related disability (HHIE‐S: individual ES = −0.16), speech recognition (SRT: individual ES = −0.14), physical performance (SPPB: individual ES = 0.41), and language functioning (individual ES = 0.19) but with relatively less severe audiometric thresholds (PTA: individual ES = 0.17) experienced greater depressive symptom improvement with active hearing aids.ConclusionsOlder adults with relatively worse HL‐related, physical, and cognitive functioning may stand to benefit most from hearing aids. Given the large number of older adults experiencing HL and MDD, a non‐invasive and scalable means of targeting those most likely to respond to interventions would be valuable.
Relationship between hearing loss and depression symptoms among older adults in China: The mediating role of social isolation and loneliness
Authors: Jiang Fan , Kuper Hannah , Zhou Chengchao , Qin Wenzhe , Xu Lingzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether social isolation and loneliness mediates the relationship between hearing loss and depression symptoms in older adults in China.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted of 3769 participants (aged≥60 years) in Shandong province of China. Hearing loss was assessed using Pure‐Tone Audiometry test, depression symptoms using 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, loneliness through UCLA Loneliness Scale and social isolation using Lubben Social Network Scale. Regression and bootstrap analyses were performed to test both direct associations of hearing loss and depression symptoms, and whether the mediating role of social isolation and loneliness.ResultsOverall, 44% of older adults had hearing loss, which was generally mild (30%) rather than moderate (10%), severe (3%) or profound (0.6%). Increasing levels of hearing loss was associated with increasing levels of social isolation and depressions. Hearing loss was also associated with loneliness, but here a threshold effect was apparent and no trend for increasing loneliness with increasing hearing loss. Models that included social isolation and loneliness showed an amelioration in the association of hearing loss and depression, although it remained significant at all levels of hearing loss. Overall, 8% of the total effect of hearing loss on depression symptoms was explained by the mediated effect through social isolation and 42% by loneliness.ConclusionsPsychosocial factors such as social isolation and loneliness might explain the association between hearing loss and depression. Interventions that address older adults' social isolation and loneliness may ameliorate depression in older adults with hearing loss.
Ethics and Structure
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the Hastings Center Report’s March‐April 2022 issue, Diana Anderson, an architect and physician, and her colleagues examine ways in which aspects of the physical design of health care facilities can function as health interventions. The authors identify the kinds of ethical questions such interventions raise, and they offer recommendations for protecting patients and promoting good and fair patient outcomes. A second article focuses on how clinicians who provide patients with implantable medical devices have become dependent on health support workers who are employed by the device manufacturers themselves. The authors argue that this reliance disrupts the epistemic practices on which clinical decision‐making depends and can therefore be damaging to patient care. Accompanying the regular part of this issue is a special report on the antiracism work needed in bioethics.
Association between birth weight, preterm birth, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Amadou Coralie , Nabi Oumarou , Serfaty Lawrence , Lacombe Karine , Boursier Jérôme , Mathurin Philippe , Ribet Céline , de Ledinghen Victor , Zins Marie , Charles Marie‐Aline 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The association between birth weight (BW) and metabolic outcomes has been described since the 1980s but NAFLD has been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between BW and NAFLD occurrence in adult subjects.

Approach and Results
The study population consisted of participants from the French nationwide Constances cohort from 2012 to 2019. Participants with a history of chronic viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption were excluded. Noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD and fibrosis was performed using a combination of the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and the Forns Index. The relationship between BW and NAFLD was analyzed with a sex‐stratified logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic parameters, lifestyle, and birth term, whereas liver fibrosis was analyzed with a sex‐stratified linear regression model. In total, 55,034 individuals with reliable BW were included (43% men, mean age: 38 years). NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) was present in 5530 individuals (10%). Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant U‐shaped relationship between BW and NAFLD, with no significant interaction with sex. A significant and slightly decreasing association was found between BW and Forns Index (β = −0.05; p = 0.04). Premature birth (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03–1.48 for birth between 33 and 37 weeks versus ≥ 37 weeks) was associated with NAFLD, with a significant direct effect of premature birth, and without an indirect effect of low BW in mediation analysis. Forns Index was not significantly higher in participants with preterm birth compared to full‐term birth.

Conclusions
This large prospective adult‐based cohort confirms the relationship between BW and NAFLD occurrence.
Unsteady MHD stream of Casson fluid over an elongating surface in the presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation
Authors: Nandeppanavar Mahantesh M. , Nagaraj Raveendra , Kemparaju M. Chandrashekhar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study is to analyze the impact of Casson fluid, physical parameters, and suction/injection on two‐phase mass transfer effects on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics flow over an elongating surface in the presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of flow, energy, and mass transfer are developed and computations have been carried out through the shooting method along with Runge–Kutta fourth and fifth‐order techniques. The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for the response to various embedded parameters. The are also analyzed for distinct values of . The observations of this examination are well detailed in the present research.
Mediators of the relation of family income with adolescent behaviour problems and cognitive achievement: Material hardship, parent distress, and parent support
Authors: Near Christopher E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructural equation modelling (SEM) with longitudinal survey data was used to test a proposed developmental model of the association of family income (with children aged 6–9) to parent behaviours (for children at 10 years of age) and adolescent cognitive achievement and behaviour problems (at age 15). Data from the Child Development Supplement and Panel Study of Income Dynamics provided a representative US sample (n = 953). The SEM measurement model of parent behaviours showed two robust latent variables representing parent distress (based on two measures) and parent support (composed of four measures of parent investment, cognitive stimulation, emotional warmth, and educational expectations for the child). The SEM structural model indicated that the relation between average family income between 1998 and 2001 for young children (ages 6–9) and adolescent cognitive achievement and behaviour problems in 2007 (age 15) was almost entirely mediated by parent distress, parent support, and material hardship, all measured in 2002. Results suggested that the structural model was strongest (RMSEA = 0.08) when all three mediating variables were included. These results provide a clearer picture of the developmental mechanisms by which family income becomes associated with adolescent cognitive achievement and behaviour problems over time.