bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using youths’ personal DNA data in science camps: Fostering genetics learning and socio‐emotional attitudes toward science with design‐based research
Authors: Zimmerman Heather Toomey , Weible Jennifer L. , Wright Elizabeth A. , Vanderhoof Carmen , Jablonski Nina G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study is a two‐iteration design‐based research project that investigated how youths’ science learning and socio‐emotional attitudes toward science were influenced by a summer camp with a personal genetics approach. A multidisciplinary team developed a 2‐week camp curriculum that included personal DNA tests, family genealogy projects, and fitness tracker data. The learners included 120 youths, aged 10–14, in six camps held in three sites. Data collection included matched pre‐ and post‐scores for genetic knowledge and self‐reported affiliation with science, views of science supports, self‐efficacy, and science curiosity scores, as well as youths’ daily workbook entries. Our analysis included t‐tests, Mann–Whitney tests, Pearson and Spearman correlations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc tests. The findings showed significant science learning gains (related to heredity, genotype, and phenotype) for five of six camp conditions. Also, the youths showed gains in socio‐emotional attitudes for both iterations, emphasizing malleability of socio‐emotional connections to science. Completing workbook pages was not associated with an increase in knowledge gains or socio‐emotional attitudes. This study recommends the inclusion of personal DNA data in summer camp environments to support science learning and increase socio‐emotional attitudes toward science. It also suggests structured workbook activities common in schools may not support youths’ science learning or socio‐emotional attitudes in out‐of‐school programs. Finally, the study's concluding design conjecture map connects the camps’ activities to learners’ behaviors to learning outcomes in a way that advances the informal science education field's use of personal data in out‐of‐school‐time programs for adolescents.
Upconversion under Photon Trapping in ZnO/BN Nanoarray: An Ultrahigh Responsivity Solar‐Blind Photodetecting Paper
Authors: Liu Guozhen , Chen Han , Lu Shiqiang , Liu Lian , Xu Xiangyu , Shi Lan , Chen Binghuan , Guo Bin , Shen Peng , Cai Yehang , Zhang Hongye , Tang Yan , Soomro Abdul Majid , Xu Feiya , Chen Xiaohong , Zheng Tongchang , Li Jing , Li Shuping , Cai Duanjun , Kang Junyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar‐blind photodetectors (PDs) are widely applicable in special, military, medical, environmental, and commercial fields. However, high performance and flexible PD for deep ultraviolet (UV) range is still a challenge. Here, it is demonstrated that an upconversion of photon absorption beyond the energy bandgap is achieved in the ZnO nanoarray/h‐BN heterostructure, which enables the ultrahigh responsivity of a solar‐blind photodetecting paper. The direct growth of ultralong ZnO nanoarray on polycrystalline copper paper induced by h‐BN 2D interlayer is obtained. Meanwhile, strong photon trapping takes place within the ZnO nanoarray forest through the cyclic state transition of surface oxygen ions, resulting in an extremely high absorption efficiency (> 99.5%). A flexible photodetecting paper is fabricated for switchable detections between near UV and deep UV signals by critical external bias. The device shows robust reliability, ultrahigh responsivity up to 700 A W−1 @ 265–276 nm, and high photoconductive gain of ≈2 × 103. A negative differential resistance effect is revealed for driving the rapid transfer of up‐converted electrons between adjacent energy valleys (Γ to A) above the critical bias (3.9 V). The discovered rationale and device structure are expected to bring high‐efficiency deep UV detecting and future wearable applications.
A service graph based extraction of microservices from monolith services of service‐oriented architecture
Authors: Raj Vinay , Ravichandra Sadam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractService‐oriented architecture (SOA) has been widely used to design enterprise applications in the past two decades. The services in SOA are becoming complex with the increase in changing user requirements and SOA is still seen as monolithic from a deployment perspective. Monolithic services make the application complex, and it becomes difficult to maintain. With the evolution of microservices architecture, software architects started migrating legacy applications to microservices. However, existing migration approaches in the literature mostly focus on migrating monolithic applications to microservices. To the best of our knowledge, very few works have been done in migrating SOA applications to microservices. One of the major challenges in the migration process is the extraction of microservices from the existing legacy applications. To address this, we propose an approach to extract the candidate microservices using graph based algorithms. In particular, four algorithms are defined: (i) construction ofservice graph(SG), (ii) construction oftask graph(TG) for each service of the a SOA application, (iii) extraction of candidate microservices using the SG of SOA application, and (iv) construction of a SG for a microservices application to retain the dependencies between the generated microservices. We chose a SOA‐based web application to demonstrate the proposed microservices extraction approach and extracted the microservices. Additionally, we have evaluated the extracted microservices and compared them with SOA based services.
Production of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Alginate–Nanocellulose Fibers
Authors: Fahma Farah , Febiyanti Ida , Lisdayana Nurmalisa , Sari Yessie Widya , Noviana Deni , Yunus Muchammad , Kadja Grandprix Thomryes Marth , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, nanocellulose is isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches using ultrafine grinding and ultrasonication. Here, nanocellulose, a reinforcing agent, is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate, which act as the matrices. Nanocellulose‐based fibers are produced via the wet spinning method using calcium chloride as a coagulant solvent. The effects of the nanocellulose content on the morphological, mechanical, and in vitro biocompatibility properties of the produced fibers are then examined, with the results demonstrating that the increase in nanocellulose content produces fibers with a rougher cross‐section and higher tensile strength with the addition of nanocellulose up to 3%. Meanwhile, the crystallinity of the fibers increases with the addition of nanocellulose content of up to 5%. The addition of 1% nanocellulose produce fibers with better in vitro biocompatibility, which is confirmed by the higher cell viability and lower inhibition.
Does transitioning to a digital economy imply lower levels of corruption?
Authors: Gouvea Raul , Li Shihong , Montoya Manuel (MJR) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe link between information and communications technology (ICT) and corruption has been discussed by a few authors, yet a macro‐level analysis of the link coupled with an examination of the link between ICT, stage of economic development, and countries' specific factors has not been fully explored. With panel data of 147 countries over a seven‐year period from 2013 to 2019, we find that countries that have transitioned from a natural‐resource‐based to an innovation‐driven, digital economy experience lower levels of corruption. A country's level of corruption is negatively related to ICT measures such as internet penetration and e‐government. Moreover, ICT appears to reinforce the role of press freedom and education in curbing corruption.
Managing broiler production challenges at high altitude
Authors: Khajali Fariborz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review covers the challenges of broiler chickens at high altitude, with the focus on growth performance and physiological response. The review also sheds light on nutritional and management interventions that help overcome the challenges raised at high altitude. Reduced concentration of atmospheric oxygen is by far the biggest challenge that remarkably affect growth performance and livability of broiler chickens reared in high altitude area. Broiler chickens have endured intensive genetic selection, which potentially predispose them to several metabolic disorders. Hypoxia is an overriding factor that may increase the incidence of metabolic disorders, mainly ascites syndrome at high altitude. Commercial broiler strains cannot fully achieve their genetic potential when raising at highland regions. Careful nutrition and management considerations are required to prevent metabolic disorders when raising broilers at high altitude. In ovo or in‐feed nutraceuticals such as l‐carnitine and guanidinoacetic acid as well as pharmaceuticals, texture of feed and the use of proper sources and levels of dietary energy and protein are important factors that need to be carefully considered for rearing broiler chickens at high altitude. Management strategies such as lighting programs have been shown to be effective to circumvent ascites prevalence. Special breeding programs may also be considered to develop strains with resistance to ascites.
Maxillary osteolysis as a result of trigeminal nerve sheath tumour in a dog
Authors: Indzhova Viktoriya , Pumarola i Batlle Marti , Gomes Barbara Jardim , Gosling Mark , Brocal Josep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 2.5‐year‐old, female, entire Labrador retriever presented with right‐sided head tilt, vestibular ataxia and right‐sided masticatory muscle atrophy. The most likely neuroanatomical localisation was the right‐sided brainstem involving the vestibular system and also the trigeminal nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed enlargement of the right trigeminal nerve and osteolysis of the corresponding innervated maxillary bone. Histopathological analysis confirmed a malignant nerve sheath tumour of the trigeminal nerve that adhered, infiltrated, invaded and fragmented the bone. This is the first report and imaging description of maxillary osteolysis secondary to nerve sheath tumour in a dog.
Lidar‐based feedforward control design methodology for tower load alleviation in wind turbines
Authors: Miquelez‐Madariaga Irene , Lizarraga‐Zubeldia Idoia , Diaz de Corcuera Asier , Elso Jorge 
Published: March 2022

SummaryMinimising tower loads is a key issue for the optimal operation and cost‐effective design of wind turbines. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies enable the measurement of free wind ahead of the rotor and the addition of new feedforward controllers to the traditional control loops, improving the performance in terms of generator speed regulation and load reduction. This paper presents a design procedure based on plant inversion at a set of key frequencies. Tower base longitudinal bending moment is considered the main output of the system. Although the minimisation of tower base loads is the main objective of the design, good results are obtained in terms of generator speed regulation and pitch actuation as well. The methodology has been tested in the well‐known NREL 5MW wind turbine. Results have been obtained for different LIDAR configurations in order to quantify the loss of performance due to measurement errors. In all cases, the feedforward control behaves better than the baseline case.
The critical role of epigenetic mechanisms involved in nanotoxicology
Authors: Sun Qinglin , Li Tianyu , Yu Yang , Li Yang , Sun Zhiwei , Duan Junchao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in the cosmetic, food, engineering, and medical fields. Along with the prevalence of NMs, the toxicological characteristics exhibited by these materials on health and the environment have gradually attracted attentions. A growing number of evidences have indicated that epigenetics holds an essential role in the onset and development of various diseases. NMs could cause epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression, and histone modifications. NMs might alternate either global DNA methylation or the methylation of specific genes to affect the biological function. Abnormal upregulation or downregulation of ncRNAs might also be a potential mechanism for the toxic effects caused by NMs. In parallel, the phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation of histones also take an important part in the process of NMs‐induced toxicity. As the adverse effects of NMs continue to be explored, mechanisms such as chromosomal remodeling, genomic imprinting, and m6A modification are also gradually coming into the limelight. Since the epigenetic alterations often occur in the early development of diseases, thus the relevant studies not only provide insight into the pathogenesis of diseases, but also screen for the prospective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention. This review summarizes the epigenetic alterations elicited by NMs, hoping to provide a clue for nanotoxicity studies and security evaluation of NMs.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
General Oncology Care in Oman
Authors: Mehdi Itrat , Al Farsi Abdul Aziz , Al Bahrani Bassim , Al-Raisi Shadha S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Sultanate of Oman is located on the Arabian Peninsula and is part of Western Asia. Oman has a relatively young population. The economy is based on oil, agriculture, fishing, and overseas trading. Oman spends around 3% of its GDP on health care. Omani nationals have free access to public healthcare. Due to increased incomes and changing lifestyles, the rate of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) including cancer is rising. This is slowly saturating the system and increasing health care costs. Cancer is now the third leading cause of mortality. The age-adjusted annual incidence of cancer ranges from 70 to 110 per 100,000 population. Oman has an operational national NCD action plan. This multi-sectoral plan was launched in 2018 and focuses on the government approach in addressing NCDs including cancer, highlighting the prevention and control strategies. There is an integrated cancer care service, cancer registry, and cancer control program; under the auspices of the Directorate general of Non-communicable diseases—Ministry of Health. Oman has envisioned an ambitious long-term health care plan called “Health care Vision 2050”, which includes the development and progression of cancer care services as well. This plan has an emphasis on development, patient empowerment, public awareness, health education, integration and accessibility of services, screening, and early detection, public–private partnership, indulgence for NGOs, research, and capacity building.
General Oncology Care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abusanad Atlal , Alghamdi Majed , Bakkar Mohammed , Jazieh Abdul Rahman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the gulf region. With the recognized increasing cancer burden globally and locally, plus a young population with increasing life expectancy, challenges to provide optimal healthcare are substantial. Several landmark achievements made KSA a pioneer in regional cancer care over the past half a century. Advances in different aspects of cancer care have been commenced to match the aspired vision of 2030. This chapter describes past, present milestones and models of oncology care in the Kingdom and highlights future challenges and plans to improve cancer care further.
General Oncology Care in Syria
Authors: Manachi Maha , Chatty Eyad , Sulaiman Seham , Fahed Zahera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe first entity dedicated to cancer was established named “Nuclear Medical Center” with a single radiotherapy unit in 1969. Since then, the concept of oncology has rapidly progressed with the establishment of a division of oncology in the University of Damascus, School of Medicine with six staff members at that time. In 2001, a National Cancer Registry was established with the help of the World Health Organization. Many civil societies related to cancer awareness, early detection, and care of patients bloomed, first being the Syrian Cancer Society.Now cancer diagnosis and treatment facilities are spread all over the county but mainly concentrated in Damascus, Lattakia, and Aleppo. All three main government related medical entities that are the Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Health, and the Medical Corps are involved in the process with the help of the private sector also. This progress of course was slowed due to the bloody aggression that engulfed Syria for 10 years of conflict. However, it did not halt the country’s goals and achievements.In 2006, Nuclear Medicine Centre was developed into a comprehensive institution for cancer, Al Bairouni University Hospital (ABUH) to provide free standard of care treatment for all citizens. The Syrian National Committee for cancer control (SNCCC) was established in June 2019 with a mission of strategic planning for better cancer management in collaboration with all stakeholders aiming to raise cancer services to the best possible standard in the post-war era. The chapters’ focus is to discuss cancer care services being provided in the country and future challenges that need to be addressed for high quality oncology care services in Syria.
General Oncology Care in Tunisia
Authors: Mejri Nesrine , Rachdi Haifa , Kochbati Lotfi , Boussen Hamouda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTunisia is the smallest country in the Maghreb region, in terms of square and the third in terms of population. It has homogeneous health coverage and an efficient primary care structure. Medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiotherapy, pediatric oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation are provided to all geographic regions and practiced according to the national (scientific societies of medical oncology, radiotherapy, and surgical oncology) and international guidelines. Clinical trials and translational research are encouraged despite limited resources. The quality of care provided in public and private oncology structures involves not only nationals, but also Libyan and African citizens. Continuous medical education is sustained by authorities and scientific societies, as well as scientific publications and translational research.
Breast Cancer in the Arab World
Authors: Saadeh Salwa , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and this is no different in the Arab World. In this review, we attempt to highlight some unique aspects of breast cancer and breast cancer care in the Arab region. Although Arab countries have much in common and are grouped into one region, it is important to note that there are significant social, economic, and political stability differences that have great implications on breast cancer care and health care systems in general. Accurate data on breast cancer incidence rate, stage at presentation, and treatment outcomes are lacking in most Arab countries. However, breast cancer is known to present at a younger age and with more advanced-stage compared to Western societies.Although high-quality breast cancer care is available at some comprehensive cancer centers, this is the exception. The social, financial, and political instability of many countries plays a major role in impeding the development of standardized structured programs capable of providing high-quality care, as resources are often allocated to more emergent healthcare needs. Opportunities exist to scale up local health care systems to provide a better quality of care across the cancer care continuum; from early detection to palliative care and survivorship.
General Oncology Care in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed H. , Shash Emad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEgypt is a young nation with a growing oncology health sector. It is faced with many challenges, such as the endemicity of HCV and schistosomiasis causing the high prevalence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder cancer respectively. In recognition of their tremendous health and economic burden, the Egyptian government established the “100 Million Healthy Lives” campaign in September 2018 for the screening of HBV, HCV, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus patients. MoH also founded the National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis to implement an integrated national strategy to contain the situation. More oncology-specialized hospitals and units are built every year to cope with the increased demand, such as the New National Cancer Institute, Shefaa El-Orman hospital, and Baheya hospital. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), especially neoplasms, are the twenty-first century’s biggest challenge after significant control of communicable ones with the advancement of antimicrobial and progression of community health and epidemiology knowledge. Hence, we believe more light should be shed on their burden in society to increase public awareness and encourage investment in the health care sector.
General Oncology Care in Iraq
Authors: Al Alwan Nada A. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe estimated population of Iraq (40,222,493 in 2020) continues to grow at a rate of 2.4% per year; only 5% is over 60 years with a life expectancy approaching 72 years. There are 18 governorates in Iraq. Before 1990, Iraq had the most robust healthcare system in the Middle East. The consequences of the successive wars and political instability yielded a significant shortage in the medical resources and funds. Currently, the government spends 6–7% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the health sector, providing free of charge services to all citizens through a network of primary healthcare centers and public hospitals. The Iraqi Cancer Board of the Ministry of Health is responsible for implementing the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP). The latest Iraqi Cancer Registry revealed that the top recorded malignancies among the population are the breast, bronchus, and lungs followed by colorectal cancers, whereas the most common causes of malignant related deaths are cancers of the bronchus and lungs, breast, and leukemia. Overall, there are over 40 public cancer care facilities distributed among the governorates. This chapter illustrates the general oncology care in Iraq; highlighting the implemented elements of the NCCP, the offered specialized cancer services, and the international collaborations on cancer control and research.
General Oncology Care in Libya
Authors: Attia Adel , Siala Ismail , Azribi Fathi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLibya is a large country, ranking at fourth in terms of area both in the Arab world and the African continent (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-10-largest-countries-of-africa-by-size.html). It is part of the World Health Organization–Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO–EMRO) region. Oil production is the main source of income which has transformed the country massively over the past 50 years and the healthcare system is one of the sectors that have improved significantly. The Health Act No (106), issued in 1973, guarantees free health services to all Libyans, with inevitable challenges regarding the delivery of adequate and sustainable services. The health system in Libya is a mix between the public sector and the private sector. The private sector is basically depending on funding through insurance companies and self-pay. It is not yet adequately developed but is striving and rapidly growing in the last two decades.The oncology services are accessible and available for all Libyans, most of the diagnostic and therapeutic facilities are of good standards and the modern treatments like immunotherapy and targeted therapies are also available. However, there were periods when the health care system—in general—was struggling to meet the increasing demand on health services and has seen considerable challenges, especially over the past few years due to the conflict, political, and economic instability of the country. This chapter covers the oncology care in Libya, describing the current state, challenges, and future directions.