bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Trauma and Psychological Sub-Health Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Internet Addiction
Authors: Yang Meng , Sheng Xuanlian , Ge Menglin , Zhang Ling , Huang Cui , Cui Shu , Yuan Qiuyu , Ye Mengting , Zhou Ruochen , Cao Panpan , Peng Ran , Zhou Xiaoqin , Zhang Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background. The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents, and explores the direct influence of childhood trauma on PSH. And hypothesizes that Internet addiction (IA) plays a mediating effect between childhood trauma and PSH. Methods. The mental health survey was conducted in China's Anhui Province in October 2020. Childhood trauma, IA and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent (MSQA). Our hypothesis is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM).Results. In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, the prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. In addition, 57.5% and 23.2% of the participants reported childhood trauma and IA, both of which had a direct impact on PSH and increased the risk of PSH by about 2 times (OR=1.95, CI=1.32~2.89, P < 0. 01) and 5 times (OR=5.20, CI=3.55~7.60, P < 0. 01), respectively. The SEM showed that the fitting condition of the model is good (CMIIN/DF = 1.139, GFI=0.998, TLI=0.999, CFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.013). The SEM results revealed that childhood trauma predicted PSH directly or indirectly through IA. IA has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and PSH. Conclusions. Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating role in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships is helpful in formulating and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.
Antibiotic prescription after tooth extraction in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Austria
Authors: Rezaei Safoura Sheikh , Litschauer Brigitte , Anderle Karolina , Maurer Stephanie , Beyers Patrick Jan , Reichardt Berthold , Wolzt Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Broad spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed for the prophylaxis of infectious endocarditis and treatment of odontogenic infections. As antibiotic resistance is increasing, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic prescription pattern of tooth extractions by dentists in Austria.
Methods
Data from patients with dental extraction between 2014 and 2018 were selected from a database of a regional health insurance fund. We created three data sets, one based on all tooth extractions, one on multiple teeth extractions, and one including only single tooth extraction. The prescription pattern of antibiotic medicine as well as endocarditis risk factors were analysed.
Results
From 43,863 patients with tooth extraction, 53% were female, and 3,983 patients (9,1%) filled a prescription for antibiotic medicine. From 43,863 patients, 157 patients (0.4%) had endocarditis risk, but only 8 patients of these (5.1%) filled an antibiotic prescription. In total, 9,234 patients had multiple and 34,437 patients had only one tooth extraction. Patients with more than one tooth extraction received more often antibiotic treatment (10,7%) compared to those with single tooth extractions (χ2 = 36; p < 0,001). There was no relationship with endocarditis risk status. Clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic medicines.
Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort study, dentists did not discriminate prophylactic antibiotic prescription with regard to endocarditis risk status. A factor influencing prescribing behaviour was the number of extracted teeth.
Relevance of the Pyroptosis-Related Inflammasome drug targets in the Chuanxiong to improve Diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li ChangYan , Ma JingYuan , Mali Niroj , Zhang Le , Wei Tao , Shi LuYao , Liu Fang , wenxing Fan , Yang Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: A chronic inflammatory disease caused by disturbances in metabolism, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in many inflammation-related diseases, including DN. Therefore, pyroptosis could be a promising target for DN therapy.Methods: To get the components and pharmacodynamic targets of Chuanxiong, we identified by searching TCMID, TCMSP, ETCM, and HERB databases. And then, from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and gene ontology (GO) Database, pyroptosis genes were collected. Identification of critical genes in DN by bioinformatics analysis and then using the ConsensusClusterPlus package to divide the express data of diff genes into four subgroups with different levels of pyroptosis. Furthermore, after determining the changes in the target protein of Chuanxiong in different cell pyroptosis states, the WGCNA machine algorithm was used to simulate the mechanism Chuanxiong improving DN. Results: In this study, we found DHCR24, ANXA1, HMOX1, CDH13, ALDH1A1, LTF, CHI3L1, CACNB2, and MTHFD2 interacted with the diff genes of DN. We used GSE96804 as a validation set to evaluate the changes of APIP CASP6, CHMP2B, CYCS, DPP8, and TP53 in four different cell proapoptotic states. WGCNA analysis showed that DHCR24, CHI3L1, and CACNB2 had significant changes in different cell proapoptotic levels, which indicates that these genes are involved in the regulation of coke death. In the experimental stage, we also confirmed that the active ingredients of Chuanxiong could improve the inflammatory state and the levels of pyroptosis under high glucose.Conclusion: the improvement of DN by Chuanxiong is related to the change of pyroptosis.
Machining error model for full machining process of thread milling
Authors: Fan Yuanhao , Ren Junxue , Hu Zihua , Tang Yiran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thread milling is increasingly used in engineering manufacturing because of its advantages, but there must be error in the thread due to the machining principle. In response to this problem, this paper discussed the causes of thread milling error and established machining error model for the full machining process of thread milling. Firstly, geometric model of thread milling is developed based on the parametric definition of the cutter tooth surface, thread surface and tool-path. Then, based on the cutter motion characteristics of the thread milling penetration-retraction segments and machining segment, the machining error model is established. The calculation of machining error is transformed into solving for the relationship between the position of the intersection of the cutter profile line and the thread profile line generated in the cross section, which means that the three-dimensional problem is transformed into the two-dimensional problem. Finally, the proposed model is proven via thread milling experiments. The simulation results of machining error agree well with the experimental results, which proves the correctness and validity of the model. The model provides theoretical support for further research into thread milling machining error.
Body image disturbances in obesity and the outcome of weight loss programs – an Italian prospective study
Authors: Nogueira Violeta , Tarlarini Patrizia , Tajani Marcella , Ramos Filipe , Severino Eduardo , Domingues Tiago Dias , Corradi Ettore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Whereas body image disturbance has been associated with the development and maintenance of obesity and binge-eating disorder, regarding its role in successful weight loss, the research is very limited. Therefore, the present study primarily aims to clarify the association of different components of body image disturbance and psychopathology in obesity with different outcomes of standard weight loss programs.
Methods
Our data was obtained from a larger prospective study and from two time points – before and after completing the standard weight loss program. We selected 88 patients that lost more than 5% of their initial weight, distributed in two groups: 5% weight loss (5%-WL) group and 10%-WL group if more than 10% of WL was achieved. We assessed socio-demographic characteristics, Body-Mass Index (BMI) scores, general psychopathology, and body image disturbances via self-reported questionnaires, including Body Uneasiness Test (BUT).
Results
Our main results confirm the association between less successful weight loss with overvaluation of weight and shape, avoidance behaviour, and body-related checking behaviour scores. Higher BMI scores were associated with body uneasiness global scores, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism.
Conclusions
Our findings emphasize the importance of accessing and treating body image disturbance in obese patients undergoing weight loss programs, improving its outcomes.
Africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica: First evidence of its management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mites infestation
Authors: Calderón-Fallas Rafael A. , Veen Johan W. Van , Olate-Olave Verónica R. , Verde Mayda , Doorn Marnix , Vallejos Leslie , Orozco-Delgado Juan Vicente 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mites infestation were studied in 60 apiaries of Africanized honey bees in the northwest region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Apiaries were monitored two times. The first monitoring was taken forward between May and November 2019 (rainy season) and the second one between February and March 2020 (dry season). Information about the beekeepers, apiaries and management was collected through a survey. Amount of open and capped brood, honey and pollen were registered. The infestation rate of varroa was measured using standard laboratory methods. A determination of multi-residue pesticides in bee bread was made through GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. According to the results, most of the beekeepers produce honey (96.7%), participate in training activities (82.2%), and change the bee queens annually (70.0%). The first monitoring was characterized by a lower amount of capped brood and honey reserves than the second one. Varroa mites infestation was significantly higher in the first monitoring (6.0 ± 0.4) in comparison with the second one (3.0 ± 0.3) (U Mann-Whitney p < 0.001). The maximum value for the first monitoring exceeds 40.0%, while this value was close to 25.0% in the second monitoring. Mite infestation had direct correlations with the distance of near apiaries and the presence of perforated capping brood, while it had inverse correlations with the nuclei formation and training activities. Furthermore, twenty-three bee bread samples presented one to five pesticide residues, being the most frequent antifungal agrochemicals.
Outcomes after Frey's procedure for chronic pancreatitis: A 8-year single-center experience in Colombia
Authors: González Juliana , Ayala Daniela , Caballero Nicolás , Chaves Carlos Eduardo Rey , Conde Danny , Olarte Juan Carlos Sabogal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible morphological changes due to chronic pancreatic fibrosis. The treatment goals are to relieve pain, preserve function, and prevent further pathological consequences. Endoscopic treatment, surgery, or both are options for untreatable pain or suspected malignancy. Frey procedure is a reasonable surgical intervention because of its hybrid character, combining resection and drainage. Unfortunately, there is limited information about the outcomes of this procedure in Latin America, and few cases described in Colombia. This study aims to describe the experience of Colombia's population undergoing Frey's surgery for chronic pancreatitis in a high complexity center experience treating this disease. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent a Frey procedure due to chronic pancreatitis between January 2014 to February 2022 in a high complexity center in Bogotá, Colombia, was made. A demographic, clinical and postoperative outcome description was performed. Logistic regression and t-test analysis was performed when appropriate between operative variables and long-term outcomes. Results Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria. 55.5 % of patients were male. Chronic pancreatitis etiology in most cases (83.3% n=15) was idiopathic. The mean duration of symptoms and chronic pancreatitis diagnosis before surgery was 18.6 ± 26.9 months. Overall morbidity was 38.88%. One patient died at 30 days of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 42.5 (IQR 19;65 months). The mean pain reduction was 3.3 ± 1.02 points according to the visual analog score. Six patients were diagnosed with malignant conditions after surgery (mean 27.8 ± 7.5 months). A protective exposure is present in patients with duct diameter < 6 mm. (OR 0.6 CI 95% 0-0.9).ConclusionAccording to our data, Frey's procedure remains safe and feasible, with acceptable outcomes in terms of pain relief and pancreatic function. The study confirms the importance of a longstanding follow-up due to an inherent risk of pancreatic malignancy. Our data suggest that pancreatic duct size < 6 mm at the moment of the procedure was related to a lesser risk of pancreatic cancer; however, further prospective studies with a larger sample size would be helpful to confirm these results.
Preliminary Data on Essential and Non-Essential Elements Occurrence in Processed Animal Proteins from Insects
Authors: Pederiva Sabina , Avolio Rosa , Marchis Daniela , Abete Maria Cesarina , Squadrone Stefania 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Insects represent a valuable and environmentally friendly protein alternative in food and feed. The Farm to Fork strategy encouraged the reintroduction of animal by-products in feed production to optimize recycling and to valorise under-used resources. In order to grant safe and valuable feed products, this study investigated the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) chemical risk.Samples collected in different steps of production (8 samples of substrate for culturing, 7 samples of larvae, 15 samples of protein meal, 18 samples of spent substrate) were analysed for essential elements (chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium and zinc) and inorganic contaminants (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, tin and vanadium) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Essential elements were found in the following order Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Se>Cr (mg kg-1). Non-essential elements concentrations were found lower than the set limits according to the European Union Regulations. The growing demand for alternative protein sources for feed production could be partially compensated by black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) meal, as it appears a good source for high quality proteins and essential elements which play a pivotal role in animal growth. In the foreseeable future the current legislation and the official monitoring plans may be implemented and broaden, to focus and assess limits for upcoming matrices, and to ensure feed and food safety.
What about males? Exploring sex differences in the relationship between emotion difficulties and eating disorders
Authors: Vuillier Laura , Joseph Jemma , Greville-Harris Maddy , May Liz , Sommerville Matthew , Harrison Amy , Rachel Louise Moseley 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: While eating disorders (ED) are more commonly diagnosed in females, there is growing awareness that men also experience ED and may do so in a different way. Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation are believed to be important in ED, but as studies have involved predominantly female samples, it is unclear whether this is also true for males.Methods: In the largest sample to date, consisting of 1604 participants (n=631 males), we assessed emotion processing and emotion regulation in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and males from the general population. We also looked at whether emotion processing and emotion regulation difficulties predicted various aspects of eating psychopathology and whether this was moderated by sex. We assessed emotion processing with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and emotion regulation with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.Results: We found that males with ED, like their female counterparts, suffered from emotion processing and emotion regulation deficits. We did find some sex differences, in that males with ED tended to report more difficulties with their emotions as well as a more externally oriented thinking style compared to females with ED. Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation were strongly predictive of various aspects of eating psychopathology in both sexes. Importantly, we found that sex moderated the relationship between reappraisal and eating restraint. As such, low use of reappraisal was found to be associated with higher levels of restrictive eating in females but not in males. ﻿Discussion: Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation are associated with eating psychopathology in both males and females. Reappraisal was not found to be associated with reduced eating psychopathology in males, suggesting a cautious approach to interventions targeting this strategy. Research around explanatory mechanisms and interventions must adopt a broader viewpoint including those who are traditionally overlooked in ED.
Double magnetic tunnel junction device with orthogonal polarizer for high-performance magnetoresistive memory
Authors: Sin Stanislav , Oh Saeroonter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based memory devices have larger switching delay and energy consumption, compared to cache or dynamic random access memory. In order to broaden the applications of the magnetoresistive random access memory, reducing the switching time and energy consumption of the MTJ is required. Here, a novel double MTJ with an orthogonal polarizer is proposed. The proposed device consists of three ferromagnetic regions: the first pinned region (PR1) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), a free region (FR) with PMA, and the second pinned region (PR2) with in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). PR1 and PR2 are placed on top of the oxide barrier, which separates them from the FR, comprising a double MTJ structure. The current pulse through PR2 helps to move the magnetization of the FR. Since the angle between PR2 and FR is 90°, the initial torque increases significantly, decreasing switching delay by 4.02 times and energy-delay product by 7.23 times. It is also shown, that the area of the access transistor can be reduced by approximately 10%, while maintaining the same energy-delay product and reducing gate RC delay.
Lactobacillus plantarum regulated intestinal microbial community and cytokines to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection
Authors: Liu Rui-Han , Sun An-Qi , Liao Ye , Tang Zheng-Xu , Zhang Shi-Han , Shan Xin , Hu Jing-Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as food-grade safe microorganisms and have many beneficial effects. LAB could maintain the host intestinal homeostasis, and regulate intestinal microbial community to exert antibacterial effects. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strain isolated from pig intestine was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and mice were then infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The protective effects of L. plantarum were evaluated by monitoring body weight loss, survival rates, bacterial loads in tissue, cecal histopathology analysis, and cytokine secretion. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was also utilized to detect the dynamics of the cecal microbial community in C57BL/6 mice. We found that L. plantarum could significantly reduce the body weight loss and improve the survival rates. Counting of bacterial loads displayed that L. plantarum decreased Salmonella transplanting in spleen or liver. Intestinal histopathology showed that it alleviated the intestinal injury caused by Salmonella, inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, L. plantarum also significantly ameliorated the intestinal gut microbiome disturbance caused by Salmonella and restored the balance among dominant gut microbiome. It displayed an obvious increase of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes, and reduction of pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria. In conclusion, L. plantarum could regulate microbial community to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection.
Zero-average bias bidirectional single-electron current generation in a hybrid turnstile
Authors: Marín-Suárez Marco , Pashkin Yuri A. , Peltonen Joonas T. , Pekola Jukka P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hybrid turnstiles have proven to generate accurate single-electron currents.The usual operation consists of applying a periodic modulation to a capacitively coupled gate electrode and requires a non-zero DC source-drain bias voltage.Under this operation, a current of the same magnitude and opposite direction can be generated by flipping the polarity of the bias.Here, we demonstrate that accurate single-electron currents can be generated under zero average bias voltage.We achieve this by applying an extra periodic modulation with twice the frequency of the gate signal and zero DC level to the source electrode.This creates a time interval, which is otherwise zero, between the crossings of tunnelling thresholds that enable single-electron tunnelling.Furthermore, we show that within this operation the current direction can be reversed by only shifting the phase of the source signal.
Gigantism: Microsurgical treatment by transsphenoidal approach and prognostic factors
Authors: Santos María García-Uría , Mateos Cecilia Fernández , Morante Tomás Lucas , Uría José García 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeWe present the results of transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment in 14 patients with gigantism. The influence on the prognosis of factors such as the size and preoperative levels of GH and IGF-1 is also quantified.MethodsThe patients, operated between 1982 and 2004, were reviewed retrospectively in June 2022. All patients had complete endocrinological studies in the preoperative period and a postoperative control between 6 days and 3 weeks. Follow-up has been maintained with annual check-ups between 3 and 31 years. We have compared the preoperative levels of GH and IGF-1 of these patients with the levels of a series of acromegalic patients operated on in the same Center.ResultsIn this series there were 4 women and 10 men. The age ranged between 14 and 21 years. In 6 patients postoperative hormone levels achieve the disease control criteria (42.8%).The CT/MRI study revealed the existence of invasive tumors in 10 of the patients (71.4%). Postoperative CT/MRI showed no tumor tissue in 3 patients and tumor remains in 7. In the other 4 patients, the images were abnormal but not tumorous. A statistical comparison of preoperative serum GH and IGF-1 levels in patients with gigantism and patients with acromegaly demonstrates a significant elevation in the former.ConclusionPituitary adenomas that cause gigantism are usually large and invasive, which makes them difficult to cure. Another factor that makes remission difficult is the existence of levels of GH and IGF-1 secretion that are much higher than those produced in acromegaly.