bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow lakes under alternative states differ in the dominant greenhouse gas emission pathways
Authors: Baliña Sofia , Sánchez María Laura , Izaguirre Irina , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, shallow lakes of the Pampean Plain, Argentina, have been shifting from clear vegetated to turbid phytoplanktonic states due to anthropic pressures. It is not clear, though, if this change in state also involves a change in the overall CO2 and CH4 balance of these lakes. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to assess potential differences in the C gas (CH4 and CO2) balance of shallow lakes under contrasting states—clear vegetated and turbid phytoplanktonic. We sampled two clear and two turbid shallow lakes in the Pampean region along an annual cycle and we measured all of the major C gas emission pathways: diffusive and ebullitive fluxes and also emissions from emergent vegetated habitats. CO2 and CH4 diffusive, ebullitive and vegetated habitat fluxes were comparable between states, but they differed in their relative contribution to the C gas balance because of differences in the coverage of the habitats associated to these pathways. Mean annual, area‐weighted CO2 and CH4 fluxes of clear lakes were 41.9 ± 19.0 and 15.4 ± 18.5 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively, and 7.7 ± 7.3 and 17.9 ± 19.8 mmol m−2 d−1 for CO2 and CH4 fluxes, respectively, for turbid lakes. Despite major differences in the relative contribution of the emission pathways between states, there was a remarkable convergence between states in total greenhouse gas emissions when expressed in terms of mean annual CO2 equivalent greenhouse gas flux.
Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Maturation Stage Determination in the European Eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Sundin Josefin , Persson John , Wickström Håkan , Sjöberg Niklas , Renman Ola , Skoglund Stefan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Monitoring data is important in ecological research, but differences between and within areas or species in data collection methods could introduce bias in the analyses. Standardizing data collection is particularly important when monitoring migratory species that have a distribution that crosses several national borders. The European Eel Anguilla anguilla is an extreme example of such a species since it constitutes one stock across the entire distribution area. One important variable collected for the European Eel is maturation stage. This data is needed to monitor silver eel escapement to assess population trends. To determine maturation, data on length, weight, diameter of the eyes, and pectoral fin length are used to calculate Pankhurst eye index and Durif's silver index. In this study, we investigated effects of precision and interobserver variability on data collection relevant for maturation stage determination according to Pankhurst and Durif's indices. We found that eye diameter differed in size between the left and right eyes; however, the mean difference (0.19 mm) is probably an artifact of the large sample size (n = 16,977) and can be regarded as being within the measurement precision. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in pectoral fin length. These results suggest that either side of the eel could be used without losing precision. Visually determined maturation stage classifications differed from those calculated with Pankhurst and Durif's indices but could still provide useful information; hence, it is recommended to collect this variable. Measurements performed using computer software generated greater precision than using calipers, which increased interobserver variability. Since the difference was relatively small and since computer analysis of images may not always be an option, measuring method can be decided based on the level of precision needed in each case. These suggested implementations can reduce observation bias and streamline the data collection used for stock assessments of the European Eel.
Intermittent Apomorphine Use for off Period Rescue in Parkinson's Disease: A Pragmatic Review of over Three Decades of Clinical Experience
Authors: Castillo‐Torres Sergio A. , Lees Andrew J. , Merello Marcelo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough proven very efficacious as treatment for Parkinson's disease by Schwab as far back as the 1950s, and later confirmed by Cotzias and colleagues in the early 1970s, use of intermittent subcutaneous injections of the dopamine agonist apomorphine remains limited worldwide.ObjectivesTo review evidence regarding use of intermittent, on‐demand apomorphine as a treatment for off‐period disability in Parkinson's disease.MethodsA PRISMA‐compliant structured literature search was carried out with a focus on clinical effect (motor improvement, daily off time decrease; latency, duration), antiemetic prophylaxis, and adverse events.ResultsFifty‐eight studies were evaluated. Apomorphine administration route was subcutaneous in 29 (50%), sublingual in 14 (24.1%), intranasal in 6 (10.3%), inhaled in 5 (8.6%), rectal in 3 (5.2%) and transdermal in 1 (1.7%). Irrespective of the route, motor disability improved 19% to 74% and daily off time decreased 3% to 68%, with subcutaneous having the fastest onset of action ranging from 6 to 24 minutes and lasting 28 to 96 minutes. Antiemetic prophylaxis was used in almost all studies. Systemic side effects like nausea and yawning were mild and well tolerated, but sedation led to discontinuation of subcutaneous apomorphine in 5.5%. Local side effects to subcutaneous administration did not result in discontinuation. Stomatitis with the early sublingual formulations led to discontinuation in nearly half of patients and was reduced to 16.7% with novel film strips.ConclusionsIntermittent subcutaneous injections remain the most reliable and safest route of apomorphine administration, with an efficacy for off period treatment supported by nearly four decades of clinical experience.
Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: García‐Gavilán Jesús , Nishi Stephanie K. , Paz‐Graniel Indira , Guasch‐Ferré Marta , Razquin Cristina , Clish Clary B. , Toledo Estefanía , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel , Corella Dolores , Deik Amy , Drouin‐Chartier Jean‐Philippe , Wittenbecher Clemens , Babio Nancy , Estruch Ramon , Ros Emilio , Fitó Montserrat , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Serra‐Majem Lluís , Liang Liming , Martínez‐González Miguel A. , Hu Frank B. , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi 
Published: October 2022

ScopeConsumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk.Methods and resultsThe discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial. The internal validation sample includes 1522 participants with available 1‐year follow‐up metabolomic data. Associations between metabolites and TM, RM, PRM, and fish are evaluated with elastic net regression. Associations between the profiles and incident T2D are estimated using Cox regressions. The profiles included 72 metabolites for TM, 69 for RM, 74 for PRM, and 66 for fish. After adjusting for T2D risk factors, only profiles of TM (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.49), RM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.52), and PRM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.51) are associated with T2D.ConclusionsThe consumption of TM, its subtypes, and fish is associated with different metabolites, some of which have been previously associated with T2D. Scores based on the identified metabolites for TM, RM, and PRM show a significant association with T2D risk.
On the feasibility of cardiac substructure sparing in magnetic resonance imaging guided stereotactic lung radiotherapy
Authors: van der Pol Luuk H.G. , Hackett Sara L. , Hoesein Firdaus A.A. Mohamed , Snoeren Louk M.W. , Pomp Jacqueline , Raaymakers Bas W. , Verhoeff Joost J.C. , Fast Martin F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has proven an effective treatment for medically inoperable lung tumors, even for (ultra‐)central tumors. Recently, there has been growing interest in radiation‐induced cardiac toxicity in lung radiotherapy. More specifically, dose to cardiac (sub‐)structures (CS) was found to correlate with survival after radiotherapy.PurposeOur goal is first, to investigate the percentage of patients who require CS sparing in an magnetic resonance imaging guided lung SBRT workflow, and second, to quantify how successful implementation of cardiac sparing would be.MethodsThe patient cohort consists of 34 patients with stage II–IV lung cancer who were treated with SBRT between 2017 and 2020. A mid‐position computed tomography (CT) image was used to create treatment plans for the 1.5 T Unity MR‐linac (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) following clinical templates. Under guidance of a cardio‐thoracic radiologist, 11 CS were contoured manually for each patient. Dose constraints for five CS were extracted from the literature. Patients were stratified according to their need for cardiac sparing depending on the CS dose in their non‐CS constrained MR‐linac treatment plans. Cardiac sparing treatment plans (CSPs) were then created and dosimetrically compared with their non‐CS constrained treatment plan counterparts. CSPs complied with the departmental constraints and were considered successful when fulfilling all CS constraints, and partially successful if some CS constraints could be fulfilled. Predictors for the need for and feasibility of cardiac sparing were explored, specifically planning target volume (PTV) size, cranio‐caudal (CC) distance, 3D distance, and in‐field overlap volume histograms (iOVH).Results47% of the patients (16 out of 34) were in need of cardiac sparing. A successful CSP could be created for 62.5% (10 out of 16) of these patients. Partially successful CSPs still complied with two to four CS constraints. No significant difference in dose to organs at risk (OARs) or targets was identified between CSPs and the corresponding non‐CS constrained MR‐linac plans. The need for cardiac sparing was found to correlate with distance in the CC direction between target and all of the individual CS (Mann–Whitney U‐test p‐values <10−6). iOVHs revealed that complying with dose constraints for CS is primarily determined by in‐plane distance and secondarily by PTV size.ConclusionWe demonstrated that CS can be successfully spared in lung SBRT on the MR‐linac for most of this patient cohort, without compromising doses to the tumor or to other OARs. CC distance between the target and CS can be used to predict the need for cardiac sparing. iOVHs, in combination with PTV size, can be used to predict if cardiac sparing will be successful for all constrained CS except the left ventricle.
Effects of Chronic Ammonia Exposure on Growth of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Cultured Under Different Densities
Authors: Sánchez Ortiz Iván Andrés , Bastos Rafael Kopschitz Xavier , Lanna Eduardo Arruda Teixeira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tilapia are among the most widely cultivated fish species in the world, with a high level of importance for freshwater fish production. An important tilapia variety for the international market is genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT; Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus). Multiple studies have been developed to determine the maximum concentrations of ammonia (NH3) recommended for the cultivation of various varieties of tilapia; however, there are no specific data for the cultivation of GIFT. Growth results for GIFT fry exposed to NH3 at 0.50, 0.89, and 1.58 mg/L in 69-d chronic toxicity tests were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in three recirculation aquaculture systems, one for each concentration of NH3. Stocking densities were 33, 66, and 132 fish/m3. Fish were fed ad libitum three times per day. The only mortalities recorded were for treatments with the highest NH3 concentration (1.58 mg/L), which had a cumulative mortality of 89.5%. There were no significant differences in weight gain for the three stocking densities assessed at an NH3 concentration of 0.50 mg/L. Results indicated that GIFT juveniles can be cultured with stocking densities of up to 132 fish/m3 in environments with ammonia concentrations of up to 0.89 mg/L without compromising fish survival, although the daily weight gain was between 30% and 41% lower than the values reported for optimal culture conditions.
What lies behind a fruit crop variety name? A case study of the barnī date palm from al‐‘Ulā oasis, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gros‐Balthazard Muriel , Battesti Vincent , Flowers Jonathan M. , Ferrand Sylvie , Breil Matthieu , Ivorra Sarah , Terral Jean‐Frédéric , Purugganan Michael D. , Wing Rod A. , Mohammed Nahed , Bourgeois Yann 
Published: October 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe oasis of al‐‘Ulā is subject to a vast development operation by the central government of the Saudi monarchy. Agriculture is not strictly speaking the first objective of this initiative, the emphasis being on tourism and thus on the vast historical heritage and landscape qualities of the region. Nevertheless, agriculture and, in particular, phoeniculture remain the main resource for the inhabitants. Characterizing the local date palm agrobiodiversity is key to the sustainable development of oases. In al‐‘Ulā, documenting indigenous knowledge about the locally predominant barnī variety and characterizing its genetic integrity and mode of propagation represents the essential leverage needed by farm development project planners to develop local production.Summary

Understanding how farmers name and categorize their crops in relation to the way they are propagated is critical for a proper assessment of agrobiodiversity. Yet, indigenous knowledge is often overlooked in genetic studies, which may result in an underestimation of crop diversity, thereby preventing its conservation and mobilization for developing sustainable agroecosystems.
Here, we focus on the barnī date palm variety, a local elite variety of al‐‘Ulā oasis, Saudi Arabia. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey on local phoeniculture practices and generated whole‐genome data to determine whether or not barnī palms are exclusively clonally (vegetatively) propagated. Further, we contrasted the genomes of barnī and two other palms from al‐‘Ulā with 112 Phoenix spp. to provide an initial insight into date palm diversity in this oasis.
The survey reveals that the dates of the barnī palm bear distinct names, depending on their quality. Results show that barnī is a true‐to‐type cultivar, indicating clonal propagation by offshoots with name maintenance, even between distinct cultivating situations in al‐‘Ulā and a nearby oasis. Nonetheless, it is distinct from the prominent barnī cultivated in Oman. Its ancestry is comparable to other West Asian date palms, but another palm from this oasis shows influence from North Africa.
What lies behind the cultivar name barnī in al‐‘Ulā and further afield in the Arabian Peninsula has been deciphered through the key disciplinary combination of social anthropology and genetics. Future studies will provide additional insights into the original genetic make‐up of this millennia‐old oasis.
The production of recombinant platelet‐derived growth factor D using the second generation modified vaccinia Ankara viral system
Authors: Najy Abdo J. , Pham Tri , Pradeau‐Aubreton Karine , Drillien Robert , Kim Hyeong‐Reh C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe vaccinia virus expression system is known for the efficient production of recombinant proteins with “appropriate” posttranslational modification using desired mammalian cell lines. However, being a replication competent virus, vaccinia virus poses a health threat to immunocompromised individuals and requires biosafety level 2 (BSL2) laboratory precautions, thereby restricting its use by the scientific community. Development of the host range restricted modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) system has allowed researchers to work with a safer virus even at BSL1. Here, we report on the use of an improved second generation MVA viral system incorporating two selective markers and fluorescent proteins for easier recombinant virus identification. Notably, we demonstrate that this novel system is capable of producing secreted recombinant proteins, a finding not previously reported. Through purification and characterization of wild type and mutant platelet‐derived growth factor D (PDGF D) dimer species, we demonstrate this system is capable of producing the latent full‐length PDGF D dimer, partially processed intermediate dimer (hemidimer), as well as fully processed growth factor domain dimer that show chemical integrity and biological activity. Importantly, this system is amenable to scaling up for the mass production of recombinant PDGF D (rPDGF D) dimer species.
Necrosis of Microcystis aeruginosa causing tannin derivatives in Rhus chinensis stem
Authors: Lim You Jin , Eom Seok Hyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlgal infestation in Korean lakes, rivers, and in agroecosystems is a catastrophic problem resulting in contaminated drinking and agricultural irrigation water. Developing allelochemical‐based algicides has previously faced difficulties, including dosage requirements and chemical instability. Despite these challenges, these algicides have enormous potential for eco‐friendly use. This study presents the efficient use of tannin derivatives as antialgal chemicals modeled on a tannin‐rich stem extract of Rhus chinensis in a thermal processing application.RESULTSTannic acids are the key component of algal necrosis in R. chinensis stem extract, and although heat extraction from the stem increased the crude extraction yield 1.8‐fold, the procedure induced the conversion of tannic acids to gallic acid, resulting in lower antialgal activity. Gallotannin showed stronger antialgal activity (The 50% lethal dosage (LD50)= 44.6 mg L−1) than gallic acid (LD50 = 99.2 mg L−1), and the nonheated extract exhibited 3.7‐fold lower LD50 (0.66 g L−1) than the heated extract (LD50 = 2.45 g L−1), resulting in 2.6‐fold higher content of gallotannin.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that heat treatment of R. chinensis stems during the extraction process is not beneficial to algal control because of the acceleration of thermal tannin degradation, despite it showing higher crude extract yields. Therefore, it is suggested extraction processes minimizing the loss of tannic acids should be the preferred methods used to develop tannin‐based natural algicides for controlling algal infestation. Tannic acids showed higher toxicity into necrosis of M. aeruginosa than gallic acid where heat‐processed extraction of R. chinensis stems produces more gallic acid content resulting in thermal degradation of tannic complexes than the extraction of nonthermal treatment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Critical systems practice 4: Check—Evaluating and reflecting on a multimethodological intervention
Authors: Jackson Michael C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is the fourth of a series of papers on the stages of critical systems practice. Critical systems practice is a multimethodology that seeks to employ the ideas of critical systems thinking to intervene in and improve complex real‐world ‘messes’. It has four stages—Explore (the problem situation), Produce (an intervention strategy), Intervene (flexibly), and Check (on progress)—called to mind as EPIC. The aim is to set out where thinking has reached on the best way to carry out each of these stages and to invite comment on what more needs doing. This paper discusses the fourth stage, Check. During Check, decision makers, and other stakeholders, evaluate the intervention, reflect on what has happened with a view to improving future interventions, and discuss next steps.
Reasons for not/choosing chemistry: Why advanced level chemistry students in England do/not pursue chemistry undergraduate degrees
Authors: Archer Louise , Francis Becky , Moote Julie , Watson Emma , Henderson Morag , Holmegaard Henriette , MacLeod Emily 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are international concerns about decreasing rates of chemistry degree enrolment. This article seeks to understand students' reasons for not/choosing to pursue a chemistry degree, drawing on (i) open‐ended survey responses from a sample of 506 students in England aged 21–22 who had studied advanced level (“A level”) chemistry at age 18 (as either a full A level or a half “AS” level) and had either chosen (n = 70) or not chosen (n = 436) to pursue undergraduate chemistry and (ii) 185 interviews conducted with a subsample of 18 young people who had been longitudinally tracked from age 10 to 22 (with 17 of their parents) who took advanced level chemistry and then either did (n = 5), or did not (n = 13) go on to study for a chemistry degree. Analysis revealed four key reasons for not/choosing chemistry that were present to varying extents in both the quantitative and qualitative data (relative interest, connection and options; experiences of chemistry A level; feeling “not/clever enough”; and views of chemistry jobs). Four additional factors were predominantly found in the qualitative data (associations of chemistry with masculinity; encouragement from a significant adult; views of higher education; and chemistry work experience/outreach). Applying a sociological lens, we suggest that not/choosing chemistry was a relational process, produced through interactions of habitus, capital, and field. We identify conceptual and methodological implications and extrapolate reasons why chemistry degree enrolments may be declining, offering suggestions for how chemistry education might further support participation.
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia and concomitant lung lobe torsion in a dog
Authors: Álvarez Mínguez Lorena , Bregón David Casado , L'Eplattenier Henry , Petite Audrey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 7‐month‐old, male, entire Weimaraner was referred for surgical repair of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. Thoracic radiographs confirmed a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia and showed a vesicular emphysema pattern, suggestive of lung lobe torsion. Herniorrhaphy to repair the peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was performed, and exploratory median sternotomy revealed a torsion of the right middle lung lobe, as well as complete atelectasis of the right caudal lung lobe. Lung lobectomies were performed, and an autologous pericardial flap was used to repair the diaphragmatic defect. A second operation was required because of the suspicion of active bleeding. It was discharged after 6 days of hospitalisation. It is our hypothesis that peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia contributed to the lung lobe torsion due to alterations in the spatial dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Lung lobe torsion has been previously associated with traumatic diaphragmatic herniation in dogs and cats, and has also been reported in a cat with a congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia and chylothorax.