bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined IVS Contribution to the ITRF2020
Authors: Hellmers Hendrik , Modiri Sadegh , Bachmann Sabine , Thaller Daniela , Bloßfeld Mathis , Seitz Manuela , Gipson John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ITRF2020 is the upcoming official solution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame and is the successor to the currently used ITRF2014. The global ITRF2020 solution is based on an inter-technique combination of the four space-geodetic techniques VLBI, GNSS, SLR, and DORIS. In this context, the Combination Centre of the IVS (International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry) operated by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG, Germany) in close cooperation with the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut at TUM (DGFI-TUM, Germany) generates the final VLBI contribution of the IVS. This is achieved by an intra-technique combination utilizing the individual contributions of multiple IVS Analysis Centres (ACs). For the IVS contribution to the ITRF2020, sessions containing 24 h VLBI observations from 1979 until the end of 2020 were re-processed by 11 different ACs and submitted to the IVS Combination Centre. As a result, datum-free normal equations containing station coordinates and source positions as well as full sets of Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are delivered. In order to ensure consistency of the combined solution, time series of EOP and station coordinates were generated and further investigated for validation. Finally, the IVS contribution to the ITRF2020 comprises session-wise normal equations including EOP and station coordinates provided in SINEX format. In order to assess the quality of the contributions by the individual IVS ACs, internal as well as external comparisons of the estimated EOP are carried out, with the combined solution as well as external time series (e.g., IERS Bulletin A) serving as a reference. Additionally, the scale of the IVS contribution is investigated as VLBI is one of the space geodetic techniques realizing the scale of the ITRF. The evaluation of the contributions by the ACs, the combination procedure, and the results of the combined solution for station coordinates and EOP will be presented.
Understanding Social Feedback in Biological Collectives with Smoothed Model Checking
Authors: Klein Julia , Petrov Tatjana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiological groups exhibit fascinating collective dynamics without centralised control, through only local interactions between individuals. Desirable group behaviours are typically linked to a certain fitness function, which the group robustly performs under different perturbations in, for instance, group structure, group size, noise, or environmental factors. Deriving this fitness function is an important step towards understanding the collective response, yet it easily becomes non-trivial in the context of complex collective dynamics. In particular, understanding the social feedback - how the collective behaviour adapts to changes in the group size - requires dealing with complex models and limited experimental data. In this work, we assume that the collective response is experimentally observed for a chosen, finite set of group sizes. Based on such data, we propose a framework which allows to: (i) predict the collective response for any given group size, and (ii) automatically propose a fitness function. We use Smoothed Model Checking, an approach based on Gaussian Process Classification, to develop a methodology that is scalable, flexible, and data-efficient; We specify the fitness function as a template temporal logic formula with unknown parameters, and we automatically infer the missing quantities from data. We evaluate the framework over a case study of a collective stinging defence mechanism in honeybee colonies.
Standardisation Considerations for Autonomous Train Control
Authors: Peleska Jan , Haxthausen Anne E. , Lecomte Thierry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we review software-based technologies already known to be, or expected to become essential for autonomous train control systems with grade of automation GoA 4 (unattended train operation) in existing open railway environments. It is discussed which types of technology can be developed and certified already today on the basis of existing railway standards. Other essential technologies, however, require modifications or extensions of existing standards, in order to provide a certification basis for introducing these technologies into non-experimental “real-world” rail operation. Regarding these, we check the novel pre-standard ANSI/UL 4600 with respect to suitability as a certification basis for safety-critical autonomous train control functions based on methods from artificial intelligence. As a thought experiment, we propose a novel autonomous train controller design and perform an evaluation according to ANSI/UL 4600. This results in the insight that autonomous freight trains and metro trains using this design could be evaluated and certified on the basis of ANSI/UL 4600 .
Renormalization group flows between Gaussian fixed points
Authors: Buccio Diego , Percacci Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A scalar theory can have many Gaussian (free) fixed points, corresponding to Lagrangians of the form ϕ□nϕ. We use the non-perturbative RG to study examples of flows between such fixed points. We show that the anomalous dimension changes continuously in such a way that at the endpoints the fields have the correct dimensions of the respective free theories. These models exhibit various pathologies, but are nonetheless interesting as examples of theories that are asymptotically free both in the infrared and in the ultraviolet. Furthermore, they illustrate the fact that a diverging coupling can actually correspond to a free theory.
Mass perturbation theory in the 2-flavor Schwinger model with opposite masses with a review of the background
Authors: Georgi Howard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
I discuss the 2-flavor Schwinger model with θ = 0 and small equal and opposite fermion masses (or θ = π with equal masses). The massless model has an unparticle sector with unbroken conformal symmetry. I argue that this special mass term modifies the conformal sector without breaking the conformal symmetry. I show in detail how mass-perturbation-theory works for correlators of flavor-diagonal fermion scalar bilinears. The result provides quantitative evidence that the theory has no mass gap for small non-zero fermion masses. The massive fermions are bound into conformally invariant unparticle stuff. I show how the long-distance conformal symmetry is maintained when small fermion masses are turned on and calculate the relevant scaling dimensions for small mass. I calculate the corrections to the 2- and 4-point functions of the fermion-bilinear scalars to leading order in perturbation theory in the fermion mass and describe a straightforward procedure to extend the calculation to all higher scalar correlators. I hope that this model is a useful and non-trivial example of unparticle physics, a sector with unbroken conformal symmetry coupled to interacting massive particles, in which we can analyze the particle physics in a consistent approximation.
Erwartete Effekte der neuen Weiterbildungsordnung in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie
Authors: Schardey Josefine , Huber Tobias , Kappenberger Alina Sophie , Horné Fabian , Beger Nicola , Weniger Maximilian , Werner Jens , Kühn Florian , Wirth Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die neue, vermehrt kompetenzbasierte Weiterbildungsordnung für die chirurgische Weiterbildung (WBO) trat in Bayern im August 2022 in Kraft.

Methoden
Von Mai bis Juli 2022 führten wir eine anonymisierte Onlineumfrage unter den bayerischen Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurginnen und -cChirurgen sowie den Ärzt*innen in Weiterbildung (ÄiW) durch. Ziel war die Erfragung der Erwartungen an die Effekte der neuen WBO.

Ergebnisse
Die Rücklaufquote betrug 35 %; insgesamt konnten Daten von 80 Personen erhoben werden: 36 ÄiW (45 %), 30 Fach- und Oberärzt*innen (37,5 %) und 14 Chefärzt*innen (17,5 %). Die Mehrheit der Befragten arbeitete an einem Universitätsklinikum (38,8 %) oder Regelversorger (35 %). Eine Stärkung der Handlungskompetenz durch Umsetzung der neuen WBO erwarten 41,3 % und 55,7 % sehen als Ziel ein „selbstständiges Operieren unter teilweiser Aufsicht durch den Ausbilder“. 50 % sehen die geforderten Richtzahlen als nicht erreichbar an, bzw. 55,1 % verneinen ein Erreichen derselben im Zeitraum von 6 Jahren. Etwa 60 % erwarten, nicht die gleiche Anzahl an ÄiW in der gleichen Zeit ausbilden zu können. Fast 75 % der Befragten geben an, dass aus ihrer Sicht eine gute Weiterbildung mit Erreichen einer soliden Handlungskompetenz ohne Überstunden nicht funktioniere. Etwa 44 % der Befragten erwarten, dass die volle Weiterbildung an ihrem Haus auch weiterhin möglich sei.

Schlussfolgerung
Sowohl unter den Weiterbilder*innen als auch unter den ÄiW besteht tendenziell die Sorge, dass eine realistische Weiterbildung – insbesondere das Erreichen der Richtzahlen in der bisher üblichen Weiterbildungszeit – nicht möglich sein wird. Notwendig ist daher die konsequente Umsetzung einer strukturierten Weiterbildung mit hoher Transparenz der Ausbildung.
Exploring children’s exposure to voice assistants and their ontological conceptualizations of life and technology
Authors: Festerling Janik , Siraj Iram , Malmberg Lars-Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital Voice Assistants (DVAs) have become a ubiquitous technology in today’s home and childhood environments. Inspired by (Bernstein and Crowley, J Learn Sci 17:225–247, 2008) original study (n = 60, age 4–7 years) on how children’s ontological conceptualizations of life and technology were systematically associated with their real-world exposure to robotic entities, the current study explored this association for children in their middle childhood (n = 143, age 7–11 years) and with different levels of DVA-exposure. We analyzed correlational survey data from 143 parent–child dyads who were recruited on ‘Amazon Mechanical Turk’ (MTurk). Children’s ontological conceptualization patterns of life and technology were measured by asking them to conceptualize nine prototypical organically living and technological entities (e.g., humans, cats, smartphones, DVAs) with respect to their biology, intelligence, and psychology. Their ontological conceptualization patterns were then associated with their DVA-exposure and additional control variables (e.g., children’s technological affinity, demographic/individual characteristics). Compared to biology and psychology, intelligence was a less differentiating factor for children to differentiate between organically living and technological entities. This differentiation pattern became more pronounced with technological affinity. There was some evidence that children with higher DVA-exposure differentiated more rigorously between organically living and technological entities on the basis of psychology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring children’s real-world exposure to DVAs and how it is associated with their conceptual understandings of life and technology. Findings suggest although psychological conceptualizations of technology may become more pronounced with DVA-exposure, it is far from clear such tendencies blur ontological boundaries between life and technology from children’s perspective.
LSTM power quality disturbance classification with wavelets and attention mechanism
Authors: Chiam Dar Hung , Lim King Hann , Law Kah Haw 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEfficient detection and classification of power quality disturbances is required with the increasing penetration of multi-energy systems such as microgrids and features from renewable energy resources. Machine learning approach is popular to generate useful and optimal features from data learning to improve the classification performance. This paper aims to analyse the classification performance using the hybrid model of multi-resolution analysis and long short-term memory network. The proposed model uses four-level decomposition wavelet transform to increase the resolution of input signals into multi-bands signal representation. Spatial and temporal feature representation of the wavelet coefficients are highlighted using attention mechanism before feeding into long short-term memory network for sequence feature extraction. The sequence feature output is then passed into multiple dense layer for the classification process. Synthetic disturbance signals are used as training samples. The performance test carried out includes the condition of 20–50 dB signal-to-noise ratio signals, where additive white Gaussian noise are added into the test samples.
Epidemiology of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Population‐Based Investigation
Authors: Kase Karri , Reintam Blaser Annika , Tamme Kadri , Mändul Merli , Forbes Alastair , Talving Peep , Murruste Marko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of population‐based studies on acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). We have therefore performed a nationwide epidemiological study in Estonia, addressing incidence, demographics, interventions and mortality of AMI.MethodsA retrospective population‐based review was conducted of all adult cases of AMI accrued from the digital Estonian Health Insurance Fund and Causes of Death Registry for 2016–2020 based on international classification of diseases (ICD‐10) diagnostic codes and procedure codes (NOMESCO).ResultsOverall, 577 cases of AMI were identified—an annual incidence of 8.7 per 100,000. The median age was 79 (range 32–104) and 57% were female. Predominating comorbidities included hypertensive disease (81%), atherosclerosis (67%), and atrial fibrillation (52%). The majority of cases (60%) were caused by superior mesenteric artery occlusion (thrombosis 54%, embolism 12%, and unclear 34%). Inferior mesenteric artery occlusion occurred in 7%, non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia in 7%, venous thrombosis in 4%, whereas the type remained unclear in 21% of cases. 40% of patients received intervention (revascularization and/or intestinal resection) and 13% active non‐operative treatment. In 21% an exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy revealed unsalvageable bowel prompting end‐of‐life care, which was the only management in a further 25% of cases.ConclusionsThe population‐based annual incidence of AMI in Estonia was 8.7 per 100,000 during the study period. The overall hospital mortality and 1 year mortality were 64% and 74%, respectively. In the 53% of patients who received active treatment hospital mortality was 32% and 1 year all‐cause mortality was 51%.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04867499.
Control of Antarctic phytoplankton community composition and standing stock by light availability
Authors: Biggs T. E. G. , Rozema P. D. , Evans C. , Timmermans K. R. , Meredith M. P. , Pond D. W. , Brussaard C. P. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSouthern Ocean phytoplankton are especially subjected to pronounced seasonal and interannual changes in light availability. Although previous studies have examined the role of light in these environments, very few combined pigment-based taxonomy with flow cytometry to better discriminate the light response of various phytoplankton groups. In particular the different populations within the diverse and important taxonomic group of diatoms require further investigation. Six incubation experiments (9–10 days) were performed during the main productive period with natural seawater collected at the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Standing stock of Phaeocystis spp. cells displayed relatively fast accumulation under all levels of light (low, medium, high; 4–7, 30–50 and 150–200 µmol quanta m−2 s−1), whilst the small- and larger-sized diatom populations (4.5 and 20 µm diameter) exhibited faster accumulation in medium and high light. In contrast, intermediate-sized diatoms (11.5 µm diameter) displayed fastest net growth under low light, subsequently dominating the phytoplankton community. Low light was a key factor limiting accumulation and peak phytoplankton biomass, except one incubation displaying relatively high accumulation rates under low light. The 3-week low-light period prior to experimentation likely allowed adaptation to maximize achievable growth and seems a strong determinant of whether the different natural Antarctic phytoplankton populations sustain, thrive or decline. Our study provides improved insight into how light intensity modulates the net response of key Antarctic phytoplankton, both between and within taxonomic groups.
Two firing modes and well-resolved Na+, K+, and Ca2+ currents at the cell-microelectrode junction of spontaneously active rat chromaffin cell on MEAs
Authors: Marcantoni Andrea , Chiantia Giuseppe , Tomagra Giulia , Hidisoglu Enis , Franchino Claudio , Carabelli Valentina , Carbone Emilio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe recorded spontaneous extracellular action potentials (eAPs) from rat chromaffin cells (CCs) at 37 °C using microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and compared them with intracellularly recorded APs (iAPs) through conventional patch clamp recordings at 22 °C. We show the existence of two distinct firing modes on MEAs: a ~ 4 Hz irregular continuous firing and a frequent intermittent firing mode where periods of high-intraburst frequency (~ 8 Hz) of ~ 7 s duration are interrupted by silent periods of ~ 12 s. eAPs occurred either as negative- or positive-going signals depending on the contact between cell and microelectrode: either predominantly controlled by junction-membrane ion channels (negative-going) or capacitive/ohmic coupling (positive-going). Negative-going eAPs were found to represent the trajectory of the Na+, Ca2+, and K+ currents passing through the cell area in tight contact with the microelectrode during an AP (point-contact junction). The inward Nav component of eAPs was blocked by TTX in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 ~ 10 nM) while the outward component was strongly attenuated by the BK channel blocker paxilline (200 nM) or TEA (5 mM). The SK channel blocker apamin (200 nM) had no effect on eAPs. Inward Nav and Cav currents were well-resolved after block of Kv and BK channels or in cells showing no evident outward K+ currents. Unexpectedly, on the same type of cells, we could also resolve inward L-type currents after adding nifedipine (3 μM). In conclusion, MEAs provide a direct way to record different firing modes of rat CCs and to estimate the Na+, Ca2+, and K+ currents that sustain cell firing and spontaneous catecholamines secretion.
The retinal phenotype in primary hyperoxaluria type 2 and 3
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Diederen Roselie M. , Herrmann Philipp , Kaspar Sophie , Beck Bodo B. , Garrelfs Sander F. , Hoppe Bernd , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The primary hyperoxalurias (PH1-3) are rare inherited disorders of the glyoxylate metabolism characterized by endogenous overproduction of oxalate. As oxalate cannot be metabolized by humans, oxalate deposits may affect various organs, primarily the kidneys, bones, heart, and eyes. Vision loss induced by severe retinal deposits is commonly seen in infantile PH1; less frequently and milder retinal alterations are found in non-infantile PH1. Retinal disease has not systematically been investigated in patients with PH2 and PH3.

Methods
A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed in 19 genetically confirmed PH2 (n = 7) and PH3 (n = 12) patients (median age 11 years, range 3–59).

Results
Median best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. In 18 patients, no retinal oxalate deposits were found. A 30-year-old male with PH2 on maintenance hemodialysis with plasma oxalate (Pox) elevation (> 100 µmol/l; normal < 7.4) demonstrated bilateral drusen-like, hyperreflective deposits which were interpreted as crystallized oxalate. Two siblings of consanguineous parents with PH2 presented with retinal degeneration and vision loss; exome-wide analysis identified a second monogenic disease, NR2E3-associated retinal dystrophy.

Conclusions
Retinal disease manifestation in PH2 and PH3 is rare but mild changes can occur at least in PH2-associated kidney failure. Decline in kidney function associated with elevated plasma oxalate levels could increase the risk of systemic oxalosis. Deep phenotyping combined with genomic profiling is vital to differentiate extrarenal disease in multisystem disorders such as PH from independent inherited (retinal) disease.

Graphical abstract
Joint effect of East Asia–Pacific and Scandinavian teleconnections on summer precipitation in Southwest China
Authors: Mingxin Yang , Tiangui Xiao , Ping Zhao , Yong Li , Wei Huang , Yueqing Li , Jie Tan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on the summer precipitation data from 328 meteorological stations in Southwest China and the monthly mean reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, the relationships of summer precipitation in Southwest China with the East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern and the Scandinavian (SCA) teleconnection pattern are explored by using correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the two teleconnections are significantly negatively correlated with the summer precipitation in Southwest China in the same period. The EAP teleconnection pattern and the SCA teleconnection pattern can affect the summer precipitation in Southwest China by affecting the atmospheric circulation situation in the middle and high latitudes, the north–south and east–west movement of the WPSH, and the water vapor transport in southwest China. In particular, the EAP and SCA teleconnections jointly affect the summer precipitation in Southwest China, which can be divided into four categories of configurations based on their phases, that is, (I) positive EAP + positive SCA, (II) negative EAP + negative SCA, (III) positive EAP + negative SCA, and (IV) negative EAP + positive SCA. The distribution of summer precipitation in Southwest China varies under different categories of configurations. Category I (II) corresponds to an opposite distribution pattern of precipitation anomalies between the north and south of Southwest China. In the configuration of category I(II), the cold air from high latitudes is weaker (stronger), the WPSH is more north(south) and more west(east) than the climatological mean, and the water vapor mainly comes from the Western Pacific (Bay of Bengal), thus resulting in category I(II), the opposite distribution of precipitation. While for configuration of category III(IV), no similar symmetrical distribution of precipitation anomalies can be found, and no obvious other distribution characteristics as well.