bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater and their correlation with circulating variants in the communities
Authors: Li Lin , Uppal Timsy , Hartley Paul D. , Gorzalski Andrew , Pandori Mark , Picker Michael A. , Verma Subhash C. , Pagilla Krishna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetection of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater has been highly informative in estimating the approximate number of infected individuals in the surrounding communities. Recent developments in wastewater monitoring to determine community prevalence of COVID-19 further extends into identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those being monitored for having enhanced transmissibility. We sequenced genomic RNA derived from wastewater to determine the variants of coronaviruses circulating in the communities. Wastewater samples were collected from Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF) from November 2020 to June 2021. SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from wastewater were compared with the variants detected in infected individuals' clinical specimens (nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs) during the same period and found conclusively in agreement. Therefore, wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 variants in the community is a feasible strategy as a complementary tool to clinical specimen testing in the latter's absence.
Analysis of anthropometrics and mechanomyography signals as forearm flexion, pronation and supination torque predictors
Authors: Talib Irsa , Sundaraj Kenneth , Hussain Jawad , Lam Chee Kiang , Ahmad Zeshan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze anthropometrics and mechanomyography (MMG) signals as forearm flexion, pronation, and supination torque predictors. 25 young, healthy, male participants performed isometric forearm flexion, pronation, and supination tasks from 20 to 100% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) while maintaining 90° at the elbow joint. Nine anthropometric measures were recorded, and MMG signals from the biceps brachii (BB), brachialis (BRA), and brachioradialis (BRD) muscles were digitally acquired using triaxial accelerometers. These were then correlated with torque values. Significant positive correlations were found for arm circumference (CA) and MMG root mean square (RMS) values with flexion torque. Flexion torque might be predicted using CA (r = 0.426–0.575), a pseudo for muscle size while MMGRMS (r = 0.441), an indication of muscle activation.
A 92 protein inflammation panel performed on sonicate fluid differentiates periprosthetic joint infection from non-infectious causes of arthroplasty failure
Authors: Fisher Cody R. , Salmons Harold I. , Mandrekar Jay , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major complication of total joint arthroplasty, typically necessitating surgical intervention and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Currently, there is no perfect assay for PJI diagnosis. Proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid has the potential to differentiate PJI from non-infectious arthroplasty failure (NIAF) and possibly clinical subsets of PJI and/or NIAF. In this study, 200 sonicate fluid samples, including 90 from subjects with NIAF (23 aseptic loosening, 35 instability, 10 stiffness, five osteolysis, and 17 other) and 110 from subjects with PJI (40 Staphylococcus aureus, 40 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 10 Staphylococcus lugdunensis, 10 Streptococcus agalactiae, and 10 Enterococcus faecalis) were analyzed by proximity extension assay using the 92 protein Inflammation Panel from Olink Proteomics. Thirty-seven of the 92 proteins examined, including CCL20, OSM, EN-RAGE, IL8, and IL6, were differentially expressed in PJI versus NIAF sonicate fluid samples, with none of the 92 proteins differentially expressed between staphylococcal versus non-staphylococcal PJI, nor between the different types of NIAF studied. IL-17A and CCL11 were differentially expressed between PJI caused by different bacterial species, with IL-17A detected at higher levels in S. aureus compared to S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis PJI, and CCL11 detected at higher levels in S. epidermidis compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae PJI. Receiver operative characteristic curve analysis identified individual proteins and combinations of proteins that could differentiate PJI from NIAF. Overall, proteomic profiling using this small protein panel was able to differentiate between PJI and NIAF sonicate samples and provide a better understanding of the immune response during arthroplasty failure.
Feed utilization efficiency and ruminal metabolites in beef cattle fed with cassava pulp fermented yeast waste replacement soybean meal
Authors: Dagaew Gamonmas , Wongtangtintharn Sawitree , Suntara Chanon , Prachumchai Rittikeard , Wanapat Metha , Cherdthong Anusorn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to see how substituting cassava pulp fermented yeast waste (CSYW) for soybean meal (SBM) in a concentrate affected feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. In this study, four male Thai native beef cattle with an average age of 15.0 ± 25.0 months and body weights of 140 ± 5.0 kg were used. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin squared design, with dietary treatments of CSYW replacing SBM at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in the concentrate mixture. It was discovered that the presence of CSYW had no negative impact on feed intake, nutritional intake, or apparent digestibility (p > 0.05). CSYW had no significant effects on ruminal pH or temperature (p > 0.05). When the amount of CSYW in the diet increased, the rumen ammonia–nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was not affected by CSYW (p > 0.05). The total bacterial population increased when the diet's CSYW amount was increased (p < 0.05). Feeding CSYW to beef cattle had no influence on total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid (C2), or butyric acid (C4) proportions (p > 0.05). The concentration of propionic acid (C3) and the C2:C3 ratio increased when the amount of CSYW in the diet was increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CSYW can completely replace SBM in a concentrate diet for beef cattle with no adverse effects on feed utilization or rumen fermentation while the total bacterial population and C3 concentration increase.
Perceptions of social rigidity predict loneliness across the Japanese population
Authors: Badman Ryan P. , Nordström Robert , Ueda Michiko , Akaishi Rei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLoneliness is associated with mental and physical health problems and elevated suicide risk, and is increasingly widespread in modern societies. However, identifying the primary factors underlying loneliness remains a major public health challenge. Historically, loneliness was thought to result from a lack of high-quality social connections, but broader cultural factors (e.g. social norms) are increasingly recognized to also influence loneliness. Here, we used a large-scale survey (N = 4977) to assess to what degree the loneliness epidemic in Japan is associated with traditional measures of social isolation (number of close friends), cultural factors (perceptions of social rigidity, as measured by relational mobility), and socioeconomic factors (e.g. income). We confirmed that a lack of close friends is a dominant factor underlying loneliness in Japan. We also found that perceptions of the social rigidity in one’s environment was a major correlate of loneliness. Subjects who perceived lower levels of rigidity in their social environments felt significantly less lonely than those who perceived higher levels of social rigidity, though the association was weak in low income males. Thus, Japanese society and other high social rigidity cultures may need to reflect on the possibility that inflexible traditional norms of socialization are exacerbating loneliness.
Cas clinique : Lymphome digestif chez une ponette de 19 ans
Authors: Marie Amélie , Marano Ilaria 
Published: September 2022

Le lymphome digestif représente une des formes sous lesquelles le lymphome peut se présenter chez les chevaux. Cette pathologie a été observée principalement chez les chevaux d’âge moyen à avancé, environ 16 ans. Les signes cliniques sont peu spécifiques, les plus fréquents étant la perte de poids, l’abattement, l’anorexie et la fièvre.
Différents examens complémentaires peuvent être réalisés afin de confirmer cette pathologie et en écarter d’autres qui peuvent avoir la même présentation, vu l’aspecificité des signes du lymphome digestif. Parmi ces examens, le vétérinaire peut réaliser les suivants : une analyse hématologique et biochimique complètes, une palpation rectale, une échographie abdominale et/ou transrectale, une gastroscopie, des biopsies rectales et/ou duodénales, une paracentèse abdominale et un test d’absorption di glucose.
Dans le cas de lymphome digestif, le pronostic est mauvais car la plupart des chevaux sont présentés dans un état avancé de la maladie.
Chemical species: the art and politics of living with(out) drugs after addiction
Authors: Dennis Fay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe live within and are made up of ever-changing chemical flows. Witnessing a “chemical turn” in the social sciences, this article asks what a chemical reading of drugs and bodies can offer an understanding of drug dependency and recovery. Where chemicals render bodies “molecular” (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987), they open them up to more intimate forms of connection that extend our understanding of drug–body relationships beyond limiting categories such as addiction. Rather than a chemical drug entering a biological body, there are chemical interactions that expand the boundaries of where one ends and the other begins. While chemicals have long been a preoccupation in neurological models of addiction, they are seldom taken up in sociological studies of these concerns. Drawing on a series of body-mapping workshops with people in drug recovery/treatment in London, UK, to track these chemical bodies, this article explores the art of living a chemically transformed life. This is an art that thinks with Isabelle Stengers’ (in Stengers and Savransky, 2018) notion of the word to include “not paying attention” as a mode of “paying attention to what may lurk” in living with the ongoing effects of drugs in unequally entangled worlds.
Active mechanical metamaterial with embedded piezoelectric actuation
Authors: Saravana Jothi N. S. , Hunt A. 
Published: September 2022

Metamaterials are artificially structured materials and exhibit properties that are uncommon or non-existent in nature. Mechanical metamaterials show exotic mechanical properties, such as negative stiffness, vanishing shear modulus, or negative Poisson’s ratio. These properties stem from the geometry and arrangement of the metamaterial unit elements and, therefore, cannot be altered after fabrication. Active mechanical metamaterials aim to overcome this limitation by embedding actuation into the metamaterial unit elements to alter the material properties or mechanical state. This could pave the way for a variety of applications in industries, such as aerospace, robotics, and high-tech engineering. This work proposes and studies an active mechanical metamaterial concept that can actively control the force and deformation distribution within its lattice. Individually controllable actuation units are designed based on piezostack actuators and compliant mechanisms and interconnected into an active metamaterial lattice. Both the actuation units and the metamaterial lattice are modeled, built, and experimentally studied. In experiments, the actuation units attained 240 and 1510 µm extensions, respectively, in quasi-static and resonant operation at 81 Hz, and 0.3 N blocked force at frequencies up to 100 Hz. Quasi-static experiments on the active metamaterial lattice prototype demonstrated morphing into four different configurations: Tilt left, tilt right, convex, and concave profiles. This demonstrated the feasibility of altering the force and deformation distribution within the mechanical metamaterial lattice. Much more research is expected to follow in this field since the actively tuneable mechanical state and properties can enable qualitatively new engineering solutions.
Dynamic coupling and spin-wave dispersions in a magnetic hybrid system made of an artificial spin-ice structure and an extended NiFe underlayer
Authors: Negrello R. , Montoncello F. , Kaffash M. T. , Jungfleisch M. B. , Gubbiotti G. 
Published: September 2022

We present a combined experimental and numerical study of the spin-wave dispersion in a NiFe artificial spin-ice (ASI) system consisting of an array of stadium-shaped nanoislands deposited on the top of a continuous NiFe film with non-magnetic spacer layers of varying thickness. The spin-wave dispersion, measured by wavevector resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy in the Damon–Eshbach configuration, consists of a rich number of modes, with either stationary or propagating character. We find that the lowest frequency mode displays a bandwidth of ∼0.5 GHz, which is independent of the presence of the film underneath. On the contrary, the Brillouin light scattering intensity of some of the detected modes strongly depends on the presence of the extended thin-film underlayer. Micromagnetic simulations unveil the details of the dynamic coupling between the ASI lattice and film underlayer. Interestingly, the ASI lattice facilitates dynamics of the film either specific wavelengths or intensity modulation peculiar to the modes of the ASI elements imprinted in the film. Our results demonstrate that propagating spin waves can be modulated at the nanometer length scale by harnessing the dynamic mode coupling in the vertical, i.e., the out-of-plane direction of suitably designed magnonic structures.
Metaphors, political knowledge and the basic income debate in Belgium
Authors: Vandeleene Audrey , Randour François , Dodeigne Jérémy , Heyvaert Pauline , Legein Thomas , Perrez Julien , Reuchamps Min 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The framing impact of political discourses has long been attested for. Metaphors in particular are known to ease
the understanding of complex concepts and processes. Yet, the question remains to what extent metaphors do work the same on
different recipients? Based on an experimental design, we test a potentially key moderating variable in the study of political
metaphors: political knowledge. Our experiment aims at determining the extent to which the confrontation of individuals to
arguments and metaphors impacts their preferences regarding the implementation of a basic income in Belgium. In particular, we
hypothesize that the marginal effect of metaphors as cognitive shortcuts decreases when political knowledge increases. Our
findings suggest that some metaphorical frames are more successful than others, hereby supporting the idea that the aptness of the
metaphorical frame is a key factor when conducting experiments. We conclude that political knowledge is an important variable when
analyzing the framing effect of metaphors, especially when it goes about very low or very high levels of political knowledge. The
insertion of metaphors in political discourses may easily succeed in rallying individuals behind a given cause, but this would
only work if participants have a lower knowledge of politics.
Polarized photoelectrons from converging vector waves
Authors: Hafizi B , Younis D , Gordon D F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the spin characteristics of photoelectrons when hydrogen-like ions are centro-symmetrically irradiated with converging vector waves—a non-paraxial form of structured light. For a photon with given total angular momentum and third component thereof, photoelectrons with both helicities are obtained—in contrast to the fixed helicities produced by left- or right-circularly polarized light. The angular distribution of photoelectrons is broadly tunable through the radiation mode numbers, and opposite helicities can be extracted in synchronism.
Understanding the propagation of excitations in quantum spin chains with different kind of interactions
Authors: Ferrón Alejandro , Serra Pablo , Osenda Omar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The dynamical behavior of the quantum state of different quantum spin chains, with designed site-dependent interaction strengths, is analyzed when the initial state belongs to the one excitation subspace. Our results show that the inhomogeneous chains transfer single excitations with near-perfect fidelity for two different spin chain Hamiltonians. The first one is the ferromagnetic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with nearest neighbor interactions. The second spin chain has long-range anisotropic interactions, ferromagnetic in one direction and antiferromagnetic in the orthogonal plane. Both designed chains have in common a partially ordered spectrum and well-localized eigenvectors. This physical trait unifies the description of both kinds of systems.
Enhanced terahertz third harmonic generation with high-order guided-mode resonance of graphene plasmonic gratings
Authors: Wang Baoku , Wang Ruoxing , Yan Fei , Liu Jianlong , Liu Jianqiang , Sun Weimin , Li Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a unique scheme to efficiently enhance terahertz third harmonic generation (THG). By exploiting the high-order guided-mode resonance of graphene plasmonic grating, the off-plane transverse localized field can be suppressed, which enables the electromagnetic energy to be tightly concentrated and significantly enhanced in the monolayer graphene. Meanwhile, high density of in-plane hot spots can be excited to form a quasi-continuous enhanced-field profile called as hot surface. This can bring about the giant nonlinearity enhancement of terahertz field-graphene interaction, greatly pushing forward the enhanced THG in monolayer graphene to breakout the limitation of various patterned metamaterials. It is anticipated that the graphene plasmonic grating has promising application for nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy, imaging and communication.
A minimal model for massive neutrinos in Newtonian N-body simulations
Authors: Heuschling Pol , Partmann Christian , Fidler Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a novel method for including the impact of massive neutrinos in cold dark matter N-body simulations. Our approach is compatible with widely employed Newtonian N-body codes and relies on only three simple modifications. First, we use commonly employed backscaling initial conditions, based on the cold dark matter plus baryon power spectrum instead of the total matter power spectrum. Second, the accurate Hubble rate is employed in both the backscaling and the evolution of particles in the N-body code. Finally, we shift the final particle positions in a post-processing step to account for the integrated effect of neutrinos on the particles in the simulation. However, we show that the first two modifications already capture most of the relevant neutrino physics for a large range of observationally interesting redshifts and scales. The output of the simulations are the cold dark matter and baryon distributions and can be analysed using standard methods. All modifications are simple to implement and do not generate any computational overhead. By implementing our methods in the N-body codes gadget-4 and gevolution, we show that any state-of-the-art Newtonian N-body code can be utilised out of the box. Our method is also compatible with higher order Lagrangian perturbation theory initial conditions and accurate for masses up to at least ∑ mν
= 0.3 eV. Being formulated in relativistic gauge theory, in addition to including the impact of massive neutrinos, our method further includes relativistic corrections relevant on the large scales for free.
Measuring the inflaton coupling in the CMB
Authors: Drewes Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the perspectives to extract information about the microphysical parameters that governed the reheating process after cosmic inflation from CMB data. We identify conditions under which the inflaton coupling to other fields can be constrained for a given model of inflation without having to specify the details of the particle physics theory within which this model is realised. This is possible when the effective potential during reheating is approximately parabolic, and when the coupling constants are smaller than an upper bound that is determined by the ratios between the inflaton mass and the Planck mass or the scale of inflation. We consider scalar, Yukawa, and axion-like interactions and estimate that these conditions can be fulfilled if the inflaton coupling is comparable to the electron Yukawa coupling or smaller, and if the inflaton mass is larger than 105GeV. Constraining the order of magnitude of the coupling constant requires measuring the scalar-to-tensor ratio at the level of 10-3, which is possible with future CMB observatories. Such a measurement would provide an important clue to understand how a given model of inflation may be embedded into a more fundamental theory of nature.
Advancing the JUNGFRAU detector toward low-energy X-ray applications
Authors: Hinger V. , al Haddad A. , Barten R. , Bergamaschi A. , Brückner M. , Carulla M. , Chiriotti-Alvarez S. , Dinapoli R. , Ebner S. , Fröjdh E. , Greiffenberg D. , Hasanaj S. , King T. , Kozlowski P. , Lopez-Cuenca C. , Mezza D. , Moustakas K. , Mozzanica A. , Ozerov D. , Ruder C. , Schmitt B. , Schnorr K.A. , Thattil D. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The charge-integrating hybrid silicon pixel detector JUNGFRAU has found widespread use at free-electron laser and synchrotron facilities. The detector was designed for use with hard X-rays; yet, because of its low noise, high dynamic range, position resolution, and scalable size, JUNGFRAU is of high interest for soft X-ray applications. We discuss improvements of the readout chip and alterations of the entrance window at the back of the sensor that facilitate low-energy X-ray detection. The first use case of the improved system at a low-energy beamline demonstrates single photon sensitivity down to 800 eV. At lower energies, the readout noise of the hybrid detector hinders the resolution of single photons. We propose to couple the JUNGFRAU readout chip with charge-multiplying low-gain avalanche diode (LGAD) sensors to resolve X-ray photons with a minimum energy of 250 eV.
Background in the CMS drift tubes: measurements with LHC collision data and implications for detector longevity at HL-LHC
Authors: Borgonovi L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drift Tubes (DT) are installed in the barrel region of the CMS muon spectrometer. They are used for offline tracking of muons and provide standalone trigger capabilities. Though an upgrade of the DT system electronics is foreseen for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the present DT chambers will not be replaced, hence they will be called to operate enduring integrated doses far beyond what they were initially designed for. Together with accelerated aging studies, accurate measurements of the background-induced hit rates and currents observed over Run-2 are critical to assess the longevity of the DT chambers and to make projections of the expected performance of the system throughout HL-LHC. This report presents the state of the art of the studies on the background affecting the DT system, and connects them to results from longevity studies performed at the CERN high-intensity gamma irradiation facility (GIF++). Moreover, it describes all measures that have been put in place, by the end of Run-2 and over LS2, to mitigate aging and, where possible, reduce background level, with the aim of maximizing the performance of the DT muon detector throughout HL-LHC.