bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Ceratonia siliqua L. aqueous extract: Optimization, characterization, stabilization and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Demirezen Derya Aksu , Yılmaz Şeyda , Yılmaz Dilek Demirezen , Yıldız Yalçın Şevki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study focused on the optimization of reaction parameters for a simple and reliable method for the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (gIONPs). The potential of aqueous extract of the Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob pod) as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent for gIONPs synthesis, and the antibacterial activity of as-synthesized gIONPs was investigated. The synthesis parameters were determined as the concentration of iron ion, the concentration of extract, pH of extract, temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time. The significance of the studied factors in controlling the particle size distribution of nanoparticles was quantitatively evaluated via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Iron oxide nanoparticles were produced at the optimum parameters with an average zeta potential of + 40.75 ± 1.22 mV, hydrodynamic size of 78 ± 22 nm, and a polydispersity value of 0.42 ± 0.06, respectively. gIONPs showed the highest inhibition zones of 24 mm and 21 mm in 250 mg/mL concentration against Gram-negative Escherichia Coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Antibacterial activity was observed when compared with the standard antibiotics. The findings of the study revealed that the highly stable and antibacterial iron oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized through the adjustment of the reaction parameters by eliminating chemicals.
Growing up during a public health crisis: A qualitative study of Born in Bradford early adolescents during Covid-19
Authors: Lockyer Bridget , Endacott Charlotte , Dickerson Josie , Sheard Laura 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Whilst children and young people have not often been at forefront of the immediate Covid-19 pandemic health response there has been concern about the indirect consequences of Covid-19 on children’s physical and mental health and what the effect of the pandemic will be throughout their lifetimes. Early adolescence is a time of transition and reorientation. This study considers the impact of the first UK Covid-19 lockdown on early adolescents.
Methods
The study topic was identified through a consultation process which aimed to provide appropriate evidence to local decision makers in Bradford, UK and plan for future interventions. Children and their parents were sampled from the Born in Bradford cohort. 41 interviews (with 20 families: 20 parents and 21 children) were carried out between August and September 2020. Interview data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
The transitional age of the children interviewed had an important influence on their experience Covid-19 and the first UK lockdown. Their age combined with lockdown and school closures meant that they missed out on key learning and social opportunities at a crucial time in their lives. Covid-19 and lockdown also disrupted their daily mental wellbeing and led to increased anxiety, lethargy and low moods, during a period of personal change and social transition.
Conclusion
For children at the start of their adolescence undergoing change and formation, the experiences and feelings Covid-19 has set in motion will likely have an impact on their mental and cognitive functioning as they develop further. It is important to acknowledge these early adolescent experiences and continue to monitor and provide targeted support to this group of young people.
Thermodynamic basis for the demarcation of Arctic and alpine treelines
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Martin Meredith Richardson , Sonnentag Oliver , Marsh Philip 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
At the edge of alpine and Arctic ecosystems all over the world, a transition zone exists beyond which it is either infeasible or unfavorable for trees to exist, colloquially identified as the treeline. We explore the possibility of a thermodynamic basis behind this demarcation in vegetation by considering ecosystems as open systems driven by thermodynamic advantage – defined by vegetation’s ability to dissipate heat from the earth’s surface to the air above the canopy. To deduce whether forests would be more thermodynamically advantageous than existing ecosystems beyond treelines, we construct and examine counterfactual scenarios in which trees exist beyond a treeline instead of the existing alpine meadow or Arctic tundra. Meteorological data from the Italian Alps, United States Rocky Mountains, and Western Canadian Taiga-Tundra are used as forcing for model computation of ecosystem work and temperature gradients at sites on both sides of each treeline with and without trees. Model results indicate that the alpine sites do not support trees beyond the treeline, as their presence would result in excessive CO2 loss and extended periods of snowpack due to temperature inversions (i.e., positive temperature gradient from the earth surface to the atmosphere). Further, both Arctic and alpine sites exhibit negative work resulting in positive feedback between vegetation heat dissipation and temperature gradient, thereby extending the duration of temperature inversions. These conditions demonstrate thermodynamic infeasibility associated with the counterfactual scenario of trees existing beyond a treeline. Thus, we conclude that, in addition to resource constraints, a treeline is an outcome of an ecosystem’s ability to self-organize towards the most advantageous vegetation structure facilitated by thermodynamic feasibility.
ncRNAs-mediated upregulation of GTSE1 is involved in the poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wen Dong , Xiayu Kuang , Canxuan LI 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aims: Examine GTSE1 expression and function in renal clear cell carcinoma, as well as the nc-RNA that is upstream of GTSE1.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided clinical and RNA-seq data for ccRCC patients, and the expression of GTSE1, its connection with clinical data, prognosis and tumor immune infiltration, and prediction of upstream noncoding RNAs (nc-RNAs) of GESE1 were analyzed using R language and public tumor databases.Results: In ccRCC, GTSE1 is highly expressed and is linked to a high clinical stage and a poor prognosis. In ccRCC, the PVT1 / has-mir-23b-3p / GTSE1 axis has been identified as the most likely upstream ncRNA related route of GTSE1. Furthermore, GTSE1 expression was linked to tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarker expression, and immunological checkpoint expression.Conclusions: Upregulation of GTSE1 by ncRNA is linked to poor prognosis and ccRCC tumor immune infiltration. GTSE1 has the potential to be a useful predictive biomarker as well as a therapeutic target.
In vitro protocol for bud induction from adventitious roots of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)
Authors: Hu Genhai , Chao Maoni , Fu Yuanzhi , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new efficient in vitro plant regeneration system characterized by rapidly sequential organogenesis using leaf explants has been developed in sweet potato [ Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)]. The optimal regeneration plant response was obtained in the varieties Ning Purple Potato No. 1 with a four-step protocol: The first stage was callus induction of leaf explants for 40 days on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.8 mg L -1 ), the second stage was adventitious roots being induced from callus on solid MS medium with 0.6 mg L −1 6-BA and 0.3 mg L −1 NAA, A different proportions combination of of 6-BA and NAA could induce adventitious roots. The third stage was adventitious buds being induced from adventitious roots, solid MS medium with 2.0 mg L −1 ZT, 1.0mg L -1 KT and 1.0 mg L −1 GA 3 produce a maximum of number of adventitious shoots after 12 week. In the third stage the combination of hormones and the longer induction time was important. the fourth stage was acclimation of nutrient solution. The key of this method was that refining seedlings does not require humidity control and there is no need to pre-open the flask to acclimatize. We had developed an efficient protocol to generate plants. As the method is simple, rapid and consistently reproducible, it may be of value in germplasm maintenance and gene transfer studies.
The CD274/TIGIT- and immune microenvironment-combined mutiCox risk model for predicting the overall survival of metastatic PRAD patients: a potential strategy for clinical application
Authors: zheng hao , Ye Chen , Xiao Guangan , Kong Chen , Ji Jin , Chen Yuangui , Qin Shengfei , huang caiguo , cao zhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The five-year overall survival rate in metastatic prostate cancer (M-PRAD) is extremely low. In this study, we constructed a more accurate and reliable prediction model for the overall survival (OS) of M-PRAD by combining the expression of PD-L1 and TIGIT with the immune microenvironment, providing a more accurate decision-making basis for clinical treatment.Patients and Methods: This study, 200 in-house patients with PRAD who underwent prostatectomy between January 2002 and December 2017 were included. In addition, 496 PRAD patients from TCGA database and 102 PRAD patients from SU2C-PCF Dream Team Dataset were included. The immunohistochemical slices in this test were assessed by two pathologists at least 10 years of experience. Kaplan-meier survival curve, ROC curve and multivariate (muti) Cox regression analysis were calculated using R language.Results: PD-L1 was down-regulated while TIGIT was up-regulated expression in PRAD tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and differentially expressed PD-L1 and TIGIT can be used to assess OS in patients with M-PRAD. Univariate survival analysis showed that tumor-associated lymphocytes (TILs), B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), MHC_class_I, And T_cell_co-stimulation cannot be used as a clinical indicator to evaluate the OS of M-PRAD patients. However, the mutiCox model of PD-L1 and TIGIT combined with these six immune indicators were more accurately and reliably to predict the OS of M-PRAD.Conclusion: These data indicate that the prediction model developed in this study helps timely clinical decisions in M-PRAD patients.
High-throughput Detection of T-DNA Insertion Sites for Multiple Transgenes in Complex Genomes
Authors: Edwards Brianne , Hornstein Eli D. , Wilson Nathan J. , Sederoff Heike 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Genetic engineering of crop plants has been successful in transferring traits into elite lines beyond what can be achieved with breeding techniques. Introduction of transgenes originating from other species has conferred resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increased efficiency, and modified developmental programs. The next challenge is now to combine multiple transgenes into elite varieties via gene stacking to combine traits. Generating stable homozygous lines with multiple transgenes requires selection of segregating generations which is time consuming and labor intensive, especially if the crop is polyploid. Insertion site effects and transgene copy number are important metrics for commercialization and trait efficiency.Results: We have developed a simple method to identify the sites of transgene insertions using T-DNA-specific primers and high-throughput sequencing that enables identification of multiple insertion sites in the T1 generation of any crop transformed via Agrobacterium. We present an example using the allohexaploid oil-seed plant Camelina sativa to determine insertion site location of two transgenes.Conclusion: This new methodology enables the early selection of desirable transgene location and copy number to generate homozygous lines within two generations.
Homoeolog gene expression analysis reveals novel expression biases in upland hybrid cotton under intraspecific hybridization
Authors: Shahzad Kashif , Zhang Xuexian , Zhang Meng , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Tang Huini , Wang Hailin , Mubeen Iqra , Qiao Xiuqin , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hybridization is useful to enhance yield potential of agronomic crops in the world. Cotton has genome doubling due to alloteraploidy process and hybridization process in coordinate with duplicated genome can produce more yield and adaptability. Therefore, expression of homoeolog gene pairs between hybrids and inbred parents are vital to characterize genetic source of heterosis in cotton. Investigation results of homoeolog gene pairs between two contrasting hybrids and their respective inbred parents identified 36853 homoeolog genes in hybrids. It was observed both high and low hybrids had similar trends in homoeolog gene expression patterns in each tissue under study. An average of 96% of homoeolog genes had no biased expression and their expressions were derived from the equal contribution of both parents. Besides, very few homoeolog genes (An average of 1%) showed no biased or novel expression in both hybrids. The functional analysis described secondary metabolic pathways had a majority of novel biased homoeolog genes in hybrids.These results contribute preliminary knowledge about how hybridization affects expression patterns of homoeolog gene pairs in upland cotton hybrids. Our study also highlights the functional genomics of metabolic genes to explore the genetic mechanism of heterosis in cotton.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation Of The Degeneration Of The Multifidus And Erector Spinae Muscles In Patients With Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain, Patients With Herniated Disc, And Healthy Individuals
Authors: Yazici Alikemal , Yerlikaya Tuba , Oniz Adile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The determination of appropriate treatment methods for patients with chronic low back pain may be possible with the determination of the cause of the pain. Therefore, it can be considered that identification of the morphological changes of the paraspinal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and comparison with control subjects is necessary to explain the relationship of these with pain. The aim of this study was to examine degeneration in the lumbar musculus multifidus (LMF) and lumbar musculus erector spinae (LES) in patients with mechanical chronic low back pain, patients with chronic low back pain with lumbar herniated disc and no radiculopathy, and healthy individuals, and through comparison of the results according to gender, pain and lumbar segments, to examine the relationship with low back pain. Material and Method: The study included 35 patients with mechanical low back pain, 38 patients with lumbar herniated disc and no radiculopathy, and a control group of 36 healthy subjects. The patients were evaluated in respect of LMF and LES cross-sectional area (CSA), total CSA (TCSA=LMF+LES), fat infiltration and asymmetry on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices at the L3-S1 level. Results: The mean CSA values of the right and left LMF and LES showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.002, p=0.010, respectively). The mean values obtained in the healthy control group were lower than those of the other two groups. Fat infiltrations showed a difference between the right-left LMF and left LES groups (p=0.007, p<0.001, p=0.026, respectively). Asymmetry was not observed between the CSA and TCSA of the right and left sides. No significant relationship was determined between the duration of low back pain and the CSA and TCSA values and fat infiltration. Conclusıon: A relationship was determined between fat infiltration in LMF and mechanical low back pain and LDH. The low CSA and TCSA values in the healthy control group suggest that it is due to a pseudohyertrophy mechanism. This shows that when evaluating muscle mass, rather than CSA and TCSA, the functional cross-sectional area (FCSA) or muscle atrophy associated with fat infiltration should be measured.
A Comprehensive Model to Predict Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shen Meng-Zhu , Hong Shen-Da , Lou Rui , Chen Rui-Ze , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Yan Chen-Hua , Chen Huan , Chen Yu-Hong , Han Wei , Wang Feng-Rong , Wang Jing-Zhi , Liu Kai-Yan , Huang Xiao-Jun , Mo Xiao-Dong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains the major cause of early mortality after haploidentical related donor (HID) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aimed to establish a comprehensive model which could predict severe aGVHD after HID HSCT.Methods: Consecutive 470 acute leukemia patients receiving HID HSCT according to the protocol registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03756675) were enrolled, 70% of them (n = 335) were randomly selected as training cohort and the remains 30% (n = 135) were used as validation cohort. Results: The equation was as follows: Probability (grade III-IV aGVHD) = 1/1 + exp(-Y), where Y= –0.0288 × (age) + 0.7965 × (gender) + 0.8371 × (CD3+ / CD14+ cells ratio in graft) + 0.5829 × (donor/recipient relation) – 0.0089 × (CD8+ cell counts in graft) – 2.9046. The threshold of probability was 0.057392 which helped separate patients into high- and low-risk groups. The 100-day cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD in the low- and high-risk groups was 4.1% (95%CI, 1.9%–6.3%) versus 12.8% (95%CI, 7.4%–18.2%) (P = 0.001), 3.2% (95%CI, 1.2%–5.1%) versus 10.6% (95%CI, 4.7%–16.5%) (P = 0.006), and 6.1% (95%CI, 1.3%–10.9%) versus 19.4% (95%CI, 6.3%–32.5%) (P = 0.017), respectively, in total, training, and validation cohort. The rates of grade III-IV skin and gut aGVHD in high-risk group were both significantly higher than those of low-risk group. This model could also predict grade II-IV and grade I-IV aGVHD. Conclusions: We established a model which could predict the development of severe aGVHD in HID HSCT recipients.
WITHDRAWN: Paracrine Proteins from 3D Dynamic Culture of MSCs Promote Wound Healing in Second-grade Burn Models
Authors: Lu Cheng , Liang Jinchao , Zhang Zhongxia , Wang Yingwei , Shan Yingyi , Zhuang Tingting , Xu Liling , Zheng Youling , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Xiaoying , Wu Zheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem cell paracrine proteins (MSC-PP) offer promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of skin repair. However, there are major challenges of low yield, unknown therapeutic components and insufficient delivery of MSC-PP, thereby limiting the clinic therapeutic application. In the present study, we aimed to establish a three-dimensional dynamic culture system to improve the paracrine activity of UMSC-PP towards the application by modified PEG thermogel to achieve sustained release effect for the treatment of second-grade burn wounds. Methods The 3D dynamic culture was constructed with porous gelatin microcarrier crosslinked with hyaluronic acid (PGM-HA). Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSC) were isolated and cultured in two-dimensional(2D) flasks. P3 UMSC was seeded on PGM-HA at a density of 5,000 cells /cm2 in the 3D dynamic culture system. The culture supernatants were collected and purified by dialysis to collect UMSC-PP. UMSC-PP from 2D and 3D cultures were characterized by mass spectrometric analysis. PEG thermogel was modified from the existing injectable PEG hydrogel. The therapeutic efficacy of mixture of UMSC-PP and PEG was investigated in rabbits second-grade burn models. Results 3D dynamic culture could decrease cell’s apoptosis and improve paracrine proteins effect. And UMSC-PP of 3D dynamic culture system contains proteins that could promote cell proliferation and migration, enhance cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, polyethylene glycol (PEG) temperature-sensitive hydrogel was used to carry UMSC-PP to achieve sustained release effect in skin burn rabbit model. Four groups were set to evaluate therapeutic effect in rabbit deep burn skin model: saline control group, PEG group, UMSC-PP group and UMSC-PP+PEG group. The UMSC-PP+PEG group increased the wound healing rate with no abnormal scar compared with the control group. Furthermore, Lgr6+ cell amounts were improved around the wounds in the UMSC-PP+PEG group. In conclusion, combing UMSC-PP from 3D dynamic culture system and PEG hydrogel could produce a sustained and stable therapeutic effect on skin wounds, and regulate the composition and proportion of the extracellular matrix to repair the wound in the direction of normal tissue.Conclusion UMSC-PP from 3D culture contained better therapeutic components, and the mixture of UMSC-PP and PEG thermogel exhibited a powerful healing process by producing a sustained release on the wound and regulating the composition and proportion of the extracellular matrix, decreasing scar formation and wound area.
Visual Sensing And Controlling of The Keyhole In Robotic Plasma Arc Welding
Authors: Wang Weixi , Yamane Satoshi , Wang Qi , Shan Liang , Sun JinSheng , Wei Zhong , Hu Kai , Lu Jidong , Hirano Takaaki , Hosoya Kazumichi , Nakajima Toru , Yamamoto Hikaru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With an advantage of "single-sided welding and double-sided forming", plasma arc welding (PAW) has a great application potential in modern industrial production. The welding quality can be guaranteed by sensing and controlling of the keyhole. However, it is difficult to make an on-line observation on the back of base metal, and realize a dynamic registration of the visual sensor and welding torch. In this study, it has investigated the relationship between the welding condition and image feature of keyhole. Image processing is designed to obtain the feature image and conduct a template matching of the keyhole. The target feature of weld zone will be extracted and processed in real time. Besides, it has designed a digital controller for the welding robot and power source in this study, and discussed control method to stabilize the keyhole and achieve good welding quality. Eventually, experiments are conducted to inspect the comprehensive performance of the welding control system with varying disturbance. This study is of important significance for the visual sensing and controlling of the keyhole in PAW. It will provide technical support for the weld quality control, and promote the development of welding technology based on machine vision in intelligent manufacturing field.