bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression Screening of Patients with Neurological Disorders in an Outpatient Setting
Authors: Singer Roxanne , Gheorghiu Dorothy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepression is a widespread comorbidity associated with a number of neurological disorders. Untreated depression has negative impacts on patients with neurological disorders, including intensification of pain, increase in symptomatology, impaired quality of life, and nonadherence to treatment. Nonadherence can lead to disease progression, resulting in poor outcomes. Early detection of depression and prompt intervention can substantially impact the mortality, morbidity, and disease burden of this at-risk population. The American Academy of Neurology recommends screening for neurological disease-specific depression comorbidities, while the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine depression screening for the general adult population. However, fewer than 5% of adults are screened in primary care, and as many as 50% of patients remain undiagnosed without a standardized program. Specialty neurology clinic visits could be a point of screening for high-risk neurology patients to positively affect outcomes. A review of the literature supports using a validated tool such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to screen for depression in outpatient settings. This quality improvement project was implemented at a private neurology practice that currently has no formalized protocol to identify depressive symptomatology. The PHQ-9 was integrated into the review of systems for patients meeting inclusion criteria with the aim of screening 90% of patients and referring 90% of those who screen positive to mental health services. Descriptive data were used to evaluate current practice status and indications for change. A total of 476 patients were seen during the time frame for this quality improvement inquiry. There were 100 patients excluded related to cognitive impairment for a sample total of n = 376. Over a period of 30 days, the goal was to screen 90% of patients. Despite challenges related to the impact of COVID-19 on the practice’s delivery of care, 83.2% of patients received screening, which was 92% of our goal. Of those screened and diagnosed with depression, 100% were referred to a mental health provider, thereby exceeding the goal. An unanticipated outcome was that 46.3% of patients diagnosed with depression declined a referral to mental health.FundingNo funding
Psychosis Associated with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Syed Shahan , Ingram Kristofer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubdural hematoma (SDH) is a diagnosis characterized by a wide array of symptoms. In the absence of apparent neurological deficits, behavioral abnormalities alone make SDH a difficult diagnosis. Chronic subdural hematoma presents with alteration in sensorium, raised intracranial pressure, and motor weakness. Depending on the degree of cerebral compression and location, convulsions or personality changes can also be seen. Common psychiatric manifestation with CSDH is a cognitive impairment which may mimic delirium or dementia. We report a case of an elderly male with no prior psychiatric history who developed insidious psychotic symptoms.Case PresentationPatient is an 83-year-old male with no prior psychiatric history brought in by police for making suicidal and homicidal threats to family members with increasingly aggressive behavior. He later endorsed a 3-week history of depression symptomatology related to a recent motor vehicle accident. Prior history of chronic myeloid leukemia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia with an unremarkable family and social history. On evaluation, the patient was uncooperative, irritable, and verbally aggressive. Laboratory testing, EKG, and MMSE were performed and grossly normal. Noncontrast head CT demonstrated bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. The patient refused neurology consult and proposed interventions but was compliant with risperidone 0.5 mg twice daily. His delusions and aggressive behavior improved drastically and was discharged.DiscussionChronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is amongst the most common neurosurgical conditions in the United States with an incidence of 10 per 100,000 annually. Risk factors for CSDH include age, male gender, trauma, coagulopathy, chronic alcoholism, vascular malformations, and metastatic tumors. Noncontrast head CT is diagnostic for CSDH, but MRI should be considered in acute ischemia, infection, or dural-based neoplasms. The DSM-5 criteria for Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition include prominent delusions that are the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The diversity in symptoms is correlated with increased ICP caused primarily by the ruptured bridging veins. Traditional management of CSDH has been trephination, however, nonsurgical options are available including high-dose corticosteroids to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels thereby reducing mortality. Recurrence is possible and may constitute surgical obliteration of the subdural space.ConclusionChronic subdural hematoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new-onset psychosis, particularly in patients with other risk factors. A thorough history and physical are vital to ascertain this diagnosis and noncontrast head imaging is confirmatory. Management varies based on the etiology of the CSDH.FundingNo funding
Profound Anemia Induced by Lamotrigine in a 16-Year-Old Female with Sickle Cell Trait and Mood Disorder: A Case Report and One-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Jahan Sultana , O’Neill Ellen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionLamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug of the phenyltriazine class with inhibitory effects on voltage-sensitive sodium channels, leading to an inhibition in the release of glutamate and resulting in a general inhibitory effect on cortical neuronal function. Lamotrigine is also a weak dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. The drug is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for maintenance treatment of bipolar type I disorder in adults. There have been reports of hematologic adverse effects with lamotrigine therapy. This case report describes a 16-year-old female who developed profound anemia while on lamotrigine therapy.MethodMs. X was a 16-year-old African-American female with sickle cell trait and mood disorder referred by the Division of Youth Services (DYS). Her medication regimen included lamotrigine 200 mg in the morning, aripiprazole 5 mg in the morning, and mixed amphetamine salts extended-release 30 mg in the morning. While at DYS, she developed fatigue and headaches with exertion. Her blood work detected a very low hemoglobin level of 3.1 g/dL and a very low hematocrit of 10.9%. Her MCV, MCH, and MCHC were within the normal range. The remainder of her blood count and other labs were within normal limits. The patient’s blood pressure was 105/70 mm Hg and her pulse was 109. The patient was sent to the local emergency room immediately; upon hospital admission, she received 4 units of packed red blood cells via transfusion.ResultsAfter a blood transfusion, the patient’s hemoglobin level improved to 9.7 g/dL. The patient’s symptoms had improved significantly; her headaches and fatigue with exertion were gone. It was suspected that her profound anemia was induced by lamotrigine. She was discharged from the hospital with instructions to stop lamotrigine and visit a hematology specialist. Several weeks later, she underwent a hematologic evaluation, including a bone marrow biopsy and genetic testing, which were unremarkable. Her hemoglobin level remained stable.ConclusionThe patient’s anemia resolved after the discontinuation of lamotrigine. The patient was followed for 1 year with blood work performed every few months. Her hemoglobin level did not drop further and in fact slowly increased to 13.9 g/dL spontaneously over the next year. In the literature, there have been reports of blood dyscrasias that may or may not be associated with hypersensitivity syndrome in patients who take lamotrigine. Considering hematologic adverse effects, it may be prudent to consider a baseline blood count before starting lamotrigine and repeat this test 3 to 6 months after initiation. It remains unclear whether lamotrigine use with a background of sickle cell trait in this patient put her at an increased risk of profound anemia. Further studies are required to explore the effects of this commonly used medicine.FundingNo funding
Distorted Born iterative method with back-propagation improves permittivity reconstruction
Authors: Magdum Amit , Erramshetty Mallikarjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is a widely used quantitative reconstruction algorithm to solve the inverse scattering problems of microwave imaging. The major mathematical challenges in solving such problems are non-uniqueness, non-linearity, and ill-posedness. Due to these issues, the optimization algorithm converges to a local minimum. This drawback can be overcome by selecting the correct initial guess solution, which helps to escape local minima and thus guides the inversion algorithm to a satisfactory result. This study uses a back-propagation algorithm to calculate the initial estimate, which significantly accelerates the rate of convergence and improves the accuracy of the standard DBIM approach. The results of this method are compared with zero initialization and Born-approximated initialization. For comparison, weak as well as strong scattering profiles of synthetic and experimental dataset are considered. The results suggest that the proposed method provides a significant improvement in terms of computing cost and efficiency. Furthermore, the proposed technique has the potential to successfully push the limits of reconstructible contrast.
Sub‐Seasonal Predictability of North American Monsoon Precipitation
Authors: Prein Andreas F. , Towler Erin , Ge Ming , Llewellyn Dagmar , Baker Sarah , Tighi Shana , Barrett Lucas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNorth American Monsoon (NAM) rainfall is a vital water resource in the United States Southwest, providing 60–80% of the region's annual precipitation. However, NAM rainfall is highly variable and water managers lack skillful guidance on summer rainfall that could help inform their management decisions and operations. Here we show that NAM season (June–October) precipitation can be forecasted by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast's model months ahead at catchment scales. This is possible by identifying the frequency of days with synoptic‐scale moisture advection into the NAM region, which greatly improves predictability over directly utilizing modeled precipitation. Other forecasting systems fail to provide useful guidance due to deficiencies in their data assimilation systems and biases in representing key synoptic features of the NAM including its teleconnections.
Modelling the Transmission Component in TIR Reflectance Spectra of Sandstones to Understand the Effect of Surface Roughness and Clinging Fines
Authors: Rost E. , Green A. A. , van der Werff H. M. A. , Schodlok M. C. , van der Meer F. D. , Hecker C. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurface roughness of rocks influences the spectral shape and amplitude of thermal infrared spectra, but the relationship is poorly understood. This research aims to understand the physical processes that cause the observed spectral variation by modeling the reflectance spectra with a nonlinear transmission model. We designed a model that combines rock surface reflection with transmission through clinging fines that coat the surface. The novelty of this approach is that it does not model individual particles, but compiles different combinations of thin particle transmission and reflectance of the solid surface until it has an optimal fit with actual measured rock spectra. We use directional‐hemispherical reflectance spectra of two quartz sandstones with a varying surface roughness, a transmission spectrum of a powder from one of these sandstones, and a pure mineral (kaolinite) transmission spectrum as input for the model. The model reproduces spectral amplitude and shape of the principal quartz reststrahlen doublet of three out of four measured sandstone spectra. It also correctly displays the strong bands of the quartz reststrahlen doublet. With the model we demonstrate that reflectance and transmission based modeling is a promising technique for identification and correction of spectral characteristics that result from a different surface roughness.
Surface Gravity Wave Interferometry and Ocean Current Monitoring With Ocean‐Bottom DAS
Authors: Williams Ethan F. , Zhan Zhongwen , Martins Hugo F. , Fernández‐Ruiz María R. , Martín‐López Sonia , González‐Herráez Miguel , Callies Jörn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cross‐correlation of a diffuse or random wavefield at two points has been demonstrated to recover an empirical estimate of the Green's function under a wide variety of source conditions. Over the past two decades, the practical development of this principle, termed ambient noise interferometry, has revolutionized the fields of seismology and acoustics. Yet, because of the spatial sparsity of conventional water column and seafloor instrumentation, such array‐based processing approaches have not been widely utilized in oceanography. Ocean‐bottom distributed acoustic sensing (OBDAS) repurposes pre‐existing optical fibers laid in seafloor cables as dense arrays of broadband strain sensors, which observe both seismic waves and ocean waves. The thousands of sensors in an OBDAS array make ambient noise interferometry of ocean waves straightforward for the first time. Here, we demonstrate the application of ambient noise interferometry to surface gravity waves observed on an OBDAS array near the Strait of Gibraltar. We focus particularly on a 3‐km segment of the array on the continental shelf, containing 300 channels at 10‐m spacing. By cross‐correlating the raw strain records, we compute empirical ocean surface gravity wave Green's functions for each pair of stations. We first apply beamforming to measure the time‐averaged dispersion relation along the cable. Then, we exploit the non‐reciprocity of waves propagating in a flow to recover the depth‐averaged current velocity as a function of time using a waveform stretching method. The result is a spatially continuous matrix of current velocity measurements with resolution <100 m and <1 hr.
Lateral Growth Mechanism of Proto‐Tibetan Plateau in the Late Paleogene: Implications From Detailed Crustal Structures of the Hoh Xil Basin
Authors: Wei Yunhao , He Rizheng , Yuan Xiaohui , Li Wei , Ji Zhanbo , Niu Xiao , Li Zongxu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) was located in the foreland of the proto‐Tibetan Plateau and has obtained a high elevation and thick crust since the Late Oligocene. However, crust thickening cannot be explained by the limited amount of upper crustal shortening and requires a further mechanism. Based on a linear dense nodal array, we use the receiver function method to study the detailed crustal structure beneath the HXB. Our images reveal that the HXB crust has been thickened to >70 km and is thicker than the protoplateau's crust. A series of north‐dipping interfaces imaged in the lower crust implies widespread imbrication structures. Considering the uplift history of the plateau, we propose that isostatic‐driven adjustments could equalize crustal thickness variations across the protoplateau margin in the Paleogene, and the HXB was elevated by extensive imbrications accommodated to a northward injection of the protoplateau lower crust in the Late Paleogene.
Role of main RNA modifications in cancer: N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and pseudouridine
Authors: Xue Chen , Chu Qingfei , Zheng Qiuxian , Jiang Shiman , Bao Zhengyi , Su Yuanshuai , Lu Juan , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer is one of the major diseases threatening human life and health worldwide. Epigenetic modification refers to heritable changes in the genetic material without any changes in the nucleic acid sequence and results in heritable phenotypic changes. Epigenetic modifications regulate many biological processes, such as growth, aging, and various diseases, including cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, the role of RNA modifications in cancer progression has become increasingly prominent and is a hot spot in scientific research. This review studied several common RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and pseudouridine. The deposition and roles of these modifications in coding and noncoding RNAs are summarized in detail. Based on the RNA modification background, this review summarized the expression, function, and underlying molecular mechanism of these modifications and their regulators in cancer and further discussed the role of some existing small-molecule inhibitors. More in-depth studies on RNA modification and cancer are needed to broaden the understanding of epigenetics and cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Hypoxia-induced NFATc3 deSUMOylation enhances pancreatic carcinoma progression
Authors: Tong Yingying , Zhang Zheng , Cheng Yurong , Yang Jing , Fan Cong , Zhang Xuyang , Yang Jiandong , Wang Li , Guo Dong , Yan Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe transcriptional regulator nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) is constitutively activated in several cancer types and plays important roles in cancer development and progression. Heavily phosphorylated NFATc3 resides in the cytoplasm of resting cells, and dephosphorylated NFATc3 translocates to the nucleus to activate expression of target genes in cells exposed to stimuli, for instance, hypoxia. Apart from phosphorylation, various post-translational modifications have been reported to regulate NFAT transcriptional activity. However, the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we have demonstrated that NFATc3 is activated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and that excessive activation of NFATc3 is correlated to advanced stages of PDAC and short survival time of PDAC patients. NFATc3 is deSUMOylated at K384 by SENP3 under hypoxia, which impairs the interaction between NFATc3 and phosphokinase GSK-3β, subsequently decreases NFATc3 phosphorylation and increases its nuclear occupancy. Knockdown of SENP3 greatly decreased hypoxia-induced NFATc3 nuclear occupancy. Our results highlight that SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation acts as an essential modulator of NFATc3, which is instrumental in PDAC tumor progression under hypoxia.
Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition compromises cell defenses against exogenous stress potentiating Obatoclax-induced cytotoxicity in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Parkhurst Ashlyn , Wang Sabrina Z. , Findlay Tyler R. , Malebranche Kristen J. , Odabas Arman , Alt Jesse , Maxwell Micah J. , Kaur Harpreet , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Warren Katherine E. , Slusher Barbara S. , Eberhart Charles G. , Raabe Eric H. , Rubens Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are the most common malignant brain tumors of infancy and have a dismal 4-year event-free survival (EFS) of 37%. We have previously shown that mTOR activation contributes to AT/RT’s aggressive growth and poor survival. Targeting the mTOR pathway with the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor TAK-228 slows tumor growth and extends survival in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts. However, responses are primarily cytostatic with limited durability. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of mTOR inhibitors on AT/RT signaling pathways and design a rational combination therapy to drive a more durable response to this promising therapy. We performed RNASeq, gene expression studies, and protein analyses to identify pathways disrupted by TAK-228. We find that TAK-228 decreases the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and compromises AT/RT cellular defenses against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The BH3 mimetic, Obatoclax, is a potent inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis in AT/RT. These complementary mechanisms of action drive extensive synergies between TAK-228 and Obatoclax slowing AT/RT cell growth and inducing apoptosis and cell death. Combination therapy activates the integrative stress response as determined by increased expression of phosphorylated EIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, and disrupts the protective NOXA.MCL-1.BIM axis, forcing stressed cells to undergo apoptosis. Combination therapy is well tolerated in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of AT/RT, slows tumor growth, and extends median overall survival. This novel combination therapy could be added to standard upfront therapies or used as a salvage therapy for relapsed disease to improve outcomes in AT/RT.
Teneurins assemble into presynaptic nanoclusters that promote synapse formation via postsynaptic non-teneurin ligands
Authors: Zhang Xuchen , Lin Pei-Yi , Liakath-Ali Kif , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtensive studies concluded that homophilic interactions between pre- and postsynaptic teneurins, evolutionarily conserved cell-adhesion molecules, encode the specificity of synaptic connections. However, no direct evidence is available to demonstrate that teneurins are actually required on both pre- and postsynaptic neurons for establishing synaptic connections, nor is it known whether teneurins are localized to synapses. Using super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that Teneurin-3 assembles into presynaptic nanoclusters of approximately 80 nm in most excitatory synapses of the hippocampus. Presynaptic deletions of Teneurin-3 and Teneurin-4 in the medial entorhinal cortex revealed that they are required for assembly of entorhinal cortex-CA1, entorhinal cortex-subiculum, and entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus synapses. Postsynaptic deletions of teneurins in the CA1 region, however, had no effect on synaptic connections from any presynaptic input. Our data suggest that different from the current prevailing view, teneurins promote the establishment of synaptic connections exclusively as presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules, most likely via their nanomolar-affinity binding to postsynaptic latrophilins.
Synthetic cells with self-activating optogenetic proteins communicate with natural cells
Authors: Adir Omer , Albalak Mia R. , Abel Ravit , Weiss Lucien E. , Chen Gal , Gruber Amit , Staufer Oskar , Kurman Yaniv , Kaminer Ido , Shklover Jeny , Shainsky-Roitman Janna , Platzman Ilia , Gepstein Lior , Shechtman Yoav , Horwitz Benjamin A. , Schroeder Avi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment of regulated cellular processes and signaling methods in synthetic cells is essential for their integration with living materials. Light is an attractive tool to achieve this, but the limited penetration depth into tissue of visible light restricts its usability for in-vivo applications. Here, we describe the design and implementation of bioluminescent intercellular and intracellular signaling mechanisms in synthetic cells, dismissing the need for an external light source. First, we engineer light generating SCs with an optimized lipid membrane and internal composition, to maximize luciferase expression levels and enable high-intensity emission. Next, we show these cells’ capacity to trigger bioprocesses in natural cells by initiating asexual sporulation of dark-grown mycelial cells of the fungus Trichoderma atroviride. Finally, we demonstrate regulated transcription and membrane recruitment in synthetic cells using bioluminescent intracellular signaling with self-activating fusion proteins. These functionalities pave the way for deploying synthetic cells as embeddable microscale light sources that are capable of controlling engineered processes inside tissues.