bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inventions on phosphate‐free chemical leavening
Authors: Gélinas Pierre 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPhosphate‐based acid‐reacting compounds are major constituents of chemical leavening, which also contain gas‐releasing compounds such as sodium bicarbonate. The aim of this study was to review phosphate‐free leavening acids according to the patent literature, a source of information that is rarely cited. Not less than 65 phosphate‐free acids were mentioned in patent specifications on chemical leavening that were filed between 1836 and 2021; most of these novel acid‐reacting materials were first introduced in letters patent for inventions, 138 in total. Inventors had more interest in tartrates, lactates, sulphates and lactones. In the recent years, there has been renewed interest for highly wholesome, nonsynthetic, aluminium‐free, phosphate‐free and sodium‐free baking powder formulations that would not impart off‐taste to bakery foods. Acid‐free activating materials such as calcium chloride have been proposed to reduce the level of chemical leavening in bakery foods and improve their flavour.
A randomized trial comparing diet and delivery strategies for weight management in adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ptomey Lauren T. , Washburn Richard A. , Goetz Jeannine R. , Sullivan Debra K. , Gibson Cheryl A. , Mayo Matthew S. , Krebill Ron , Gorczyca Anna M. , Honas Jeffery J. , Rice Anna M. , Helsel Brian C. , Lee Robert H. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe literature evaluating multi‐component interventions for long‐term weight loss in adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) is extremely limited.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of two delivery strategies, face‐to‐face (FTF) or remote delivery (RD), and two diets, enhanced Stop Light diet (eSLD) or conventional diet (CD) on weight change across 12 and 18 months. in response to an 18 months. weight management intervention (6 months Weight loss/12 months. Weight maintenance) in adolescents with ID.MethodsAdolescents with ID were randomized to one of three arms: FTF /CD, RD/CD, RD/eSLD and asked to attend individual education sessions with a health educator which were delivered during FTF home visits or remotely using video conferencing. The CD followed the US dietary guidelines. The eSLD utilized the Stop Light guide and was enhanced with portion‐controlled meals. Participants were also asked to increase their physical activity (PA) and to self‐monitor diet, PA and body weight across the 18‐month. intervention.ResultsWeight was obtained from 92(84%) and 89(81%) randomized adolescents at 12 and 18 months, respectively. Weight change across 12 months. Differed significantly by diet (RD/eSLD: −7.0% vs. RD/CD: −1.1%, p = 0.002) but not by delivery strategy (FTF/CD: +1.1% vs. RD/CD: −1.1%, p = 0.21). Weight change across 18 months. Was minimal in all intervention arms and did not differ by diet (RD/eSLD: −2.6% vs. RD/CD: −0.5%; p = 0.28) or delivery strategy (FTF/CD: +1.6% vs. RD/CD: −0.5%; p = 0.47).ConclusionsAdditional research is required to identify effective strategies to improve long‐term weight loss in adolescents with ID.
Explanatory model of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population: Cross‐sectional study during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brito Héctor , Andrade Daniela , Rojas Germán , Martinez Aldo , Alfaro Jose 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemic has had a great impact worldwide, specially affecting mental health and has undoubtedly taken part in human behaviour modification, increasing global health burden and with stress, anxiety and depression being the main contributors to this load. Because of the importance of this issue, the objective of this study was the creation of an explanatory model for the causal relationship of the main psychological variables: stress, anxiety and depression in the COVID‐19 pandemic context. A cross‐sectional study was carried out with a sample of 709 volunteers, sociodemographic variables and psychological symptoms were measured through a virtual DASS‐21 questionnaire, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, dated from November 2 to 6, 2020. A structural equation model using the weighted least squares means and the adjusted variance was employed for the creation and adjustment of the explanatory relational model. The results showed the presence of stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among the general population. The model showed an adequate fit (CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.06; P = 0.000) and was able to explain more than 80% of depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.86) and more than 70% of anxiety symptoms (R2 = 0.72), in addition to showing a unidirectional causal relationship of long‐term stress on anxiety, and anxiety on depressive symptoms, showing a linked behaviour of the same, in the adjusted model. It was also outlined that this model was characterized by being expressed mainly in women, with lower quality of sleep and at a younger age.
Service quality and price competition in crowdsourced delivery markets
Authors: He Shan , Ma Zujun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn‐demand crowdsourced delivery platforms (CDPs) must consider service quality and price when making their decisions. In addition, CDPs may value service quality and price differently during different stages of development. Therefore, we focus on exploring the service quality and pricing strategies of duopoly CDPs under two different competition scenarios: pure price competition and joint price and service quality competition. A Hotelling framework and simultaneous game model are employed to match the two competition scenarios in real business. First, we derive the optimal solutions for the single‐homing scenario. The results show that quality differences create differentiated equilibrium prices under pure price competition. In particular, large quality differences benefit superior CDPs. Under joint price and service quality competition, CDPs set the same service quality and price, and gain the same number of agents and the same profits. Second, we extend the basic model by considering cost asymmetry, multi‐homing behavior, and different charging schemes for couriers. Compared with the basic model under joint price and service quality competition, the CDPs’ service quality and pricing decisions differ when they have different cost control and charging schemes but are identical in the multi‐homing scenario.
Southern hemisphere tectonics in the Cenozoic shaped the pantropical distribution of parrots and passerines
Authors: Selvatti Alexandre Pedro , Galvão Ana , Mayr Gerald , Miyaki Cristina Yumi , Russo Claudia Augusta de Moraes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimExplanations of pantropical distributions are challenging for taxa that diverged during the Cenozoic, after Gondwana broke apart. The ‘boreotropics hypothesis’ suggests that pantropical birds originated in the Laurasian forests. Extant parrots (Psittaciformes) are one the most species‐rich pantropical avian clades, but their known evolutionary history does not fit a boreotropical origin. Most living parrots and the earliest diverging lineages of the Psittaciformes inhabit the remnants of Gondwana, whereas the oldest stem and crown fossils are from the remnants of Laurasia. Our study proposes a biogeographic hypothesis that focuses on the Cenozoic connections between Laurasia and Gondwana to explain extant and fossil geographical distributions.LocationGlobal.TaxonPsittaciformes.MethodsWe generated a time tree using previously derived data from 32 molecular markers for 312 parrot species and reconstructed their biogeographic history using maximum likelihood. Two scenarios were compared: one with dispersal constrained to adjacent areas, including the connections between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and one without this constraint.ResultsOur results indicate that the pantropical distribution of parrots was shaped by two major geological events. First, the final breakup of parts of Gondwana may have caused the first splits within crown parrots, establishing two parallel radiations: Psittacidae in the Neotropics and Psittaculidae in Australasia. Second, igneous palaeoprovinces could have connected major biogeographic realms. It seems that Atlantogea and Eurogondwana were important, as they connected South America, Africa and Europe, thus reconciling the Gondwanan crown splits and the early Laurasian fossils.Main ConclusionsOur time tree allowed more concise biogeographic correlations between parrots and their sister group, the passerines and Earth's tectonic history. The crown lineages of Psittacopasseres appear to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere remnants of Gondwana, but stem lineages appear to have been able to disperse into the Northern Hemisphere through palaeobiogeographic provinces in the Cenozoic.
Burden of caregivers and out‐of‐pocket expenditures related to epidermolysis bullosa in France
Authors: Bourrat Emmanuelle , Taieb Charles , Marquié Adrien , Causse Patricia , Bergqvist Christina , Sauvestre Angelique , Bellon Nathalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesInherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of genodermatoses characterized by localized or generalized skin and/or mucosal fragility. The objective of this work was to evaluate in France the burden of disease and out‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenditures for families with a child affected by EB.Material and methodsA digital questionnaire was built and distributed to parents of children with EB in partnership with the patients' association DEBRA France. The questionnaire collected clinical and socioeconomic characteristics including the estimated amount of money caregivers had to pay out of their own pockets. The burden of caregivers was assessed using the validated Epidermolysis Bullosa Burden of Disease (EB‐BoD) tool. Linear univariate regression models were conducted to search for factors associated with higher burden and higher OOP.ResultsBetween October and December 2021, 77 parents answered the questionnaire. The responder was the child's mother in 77% (n = 59) of cases. Parents represented 40 girls and 37 boys with a mean age of 7.5 years and with different EB types and disease severity. The mean BE‐BOD score was 63.9 ± 20.2. The mean score observed in children with severe EB was 69.0 ± 21 versus 59.0 ± 18.6 for moderate/mild. Similarly, the mean BE‐BOD scores observed in parents performing daily wound care were 67.9 ± 19.6. All parents (100%) reported OOP expenses. The mean annual OOP cost was 4129€ ± 4321€. Linear regression demonstrated that for each one‐point increase in the EB‐BoD score, OOP expense increases by 91.1 euros (35.1–147) p = 0.002.ConclusionEB places a considerable burden on families' daily lives. This burden is closely associated with OOP expenditures to manage EB which were on average 20 times higher compared with the French population.
Moth light traps perform better with vanes: A comparison of different designs
Authors: Singh Rachit Pratap , Böttger Dennis , Brehm Gunnar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany light trap designs exist in the field of applied and basic entomology for catching moths, yet a robust comparative analysis of structural designs of such traps is lacking. Our study compares the performance of three different trap designs to assess the effect of presence/absence of vanes and their colour on trapping efficiency. LepiLED lamps were used in all traps as the light source. We hypothesized that traps with vanes (white and black) would perform better than the same trap with rods, since it improves flight interception of insects. Furthermore, we expected that between the two designs with vanes white would be more efficient than black due to a higher radiation emission and better visibility. The study was conducted between July and September 2021 at two locations in the nature reserve Jenaer Forst (Jena, Germany, N 50.926694, E 11.556583). At each location, we sampled in three understorey sites parallelly. The abundance, diversity and body size of 4432 moths belonging to 170 species and 12 different families were analysed. Traps with white vanes performed best with 10.5% more individuals and 7% more species than the trap with black vanes and with 19% more individuals and 16% more species than the traps with rods. Differences were significant between the two vane traps against rods, for both individuals and species, but differences between the two vane traps were not. In addition, traps with white vanes and with rods were tested indoors under controlled conditions for selected species. In four out of ten species, significantly more individuals were collected in the vane traps. We conclude that the use of vanes as a flight interception tool is important for improving the trapping efficiency. The colour of vanes is also likely to play a role because of an overall higher radiation emission and better visibility for insects.
Prevalence of Obesity and Anemia Among Early Adolescents in Junior Secondary Schools: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Mank Isabel , De Neve Jan‐Walter , Mauti Joy , Gyengani Guillaume A. , Somé Paul‐André , Shinde Sachin , Fawzi Wafaie , Bärnighausen Till , Vandormael Alain 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe school presents an ideal environment to positively impact the long‐term health and nutrition outcomes of early adolescents, who are at risk of obesity and anemia.METHODSIn this cross‐sectional survey, we described differences in weight and anemia by sociodemographic, diet and physical activity indicators among 1059 students aged 11 to 15 years from 22 junior secondary schools in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Weight was based on body mass index (BMI) z‐scores according to the WHO reference and anemia status was defined by standardized hemoglobin (Hb) measure cut‐offs. We calculated dietary diversity scores (DDS) from a 24‐hour dietary recall and a global diet quality score (GDQS) from a 7‐day dietary recall.RESULTSThe prevalence of obesity (5%) and anemia (50%) was relatively high among the students, which differed significantly between gender, household wealth and school grade, but not age groups. Eighteen percent of the female adolescents were overweight or obese and 22% were moderately anemic compared to 13% and 16% of the male adolescents. Dietary diversity was significantly different between weight categories, but not anemia status. For physical activity, those taking transportation to school were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese. In adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses, only the DDS was significantly associated with thinness and both thinness and anemia, while taking transportation to school was significantly associated with overweight among adolescents.CONCLUSIONWe encourage the promotion of school‐based interventions and provision of a curriculum on health and healthy eating in order to reduce obesity, anemia, and its comorbidities.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure, School Engagement, School Success, and Afterschool Activity Participation Among US Children
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , Jacobs Wura , Olaniyan Afolakemi C. , Smith Matthew Lee , Mahabee‐Gittens E. Melinda 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTobacco smoke exposure (TSE), defined as secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS), is associated with negative health consequences. This study's objective was to assess the associations between home TSE status and school engagement, school success, and afterschool activity participation among school‐aged children.METHODSWe conducted a secondary analysis of 2018‐2019 National Survey of Children's Health cross‐sectional data. Children ages 6‐11 years (N = 17,466) were categorized into home TSE groups: no home TSE; THS exposure only; and SHS and THS exposure. Weighted logistic and Poisson regression models were built.RESULTSCompared to children with no home TSE, children with home THS exposure only and SHS and THS exposure were at decreased odds of being engaged in school (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.57, 0.83; AOR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.41, 0.97, respectively), and at increased odds of having ≥1 school‐to‐home contact about child problems in school (AOR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.50, 2.23; AOR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.05, 2.37, respectively). Children with THS exposure only were at increased odds of missing ≥1 school day (AOR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.13, 1.81). Children with THS exposure only (ARR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.83, 0.96) and SHS and THS exposure (ARR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.61, 0.89) were at reduced likelihood of participating in a higher number of afterschool activities.CONCLUSIONSChildren exposed to home tobacco smoke are at unique risk for poorer school engagement and success.
Parenting and family experiences of Chinese fathers with mental illness
Authors: Chen Lingling , Vivekananda Kitty , Guan Lili , Reupert Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Having a mental illness may undermine men's self‐image as a father while having children may facilitate their recovery.

Many fathers who experience mental health issues experience stigma and are reluctant to seek support in their parental role.

Most studies in this field focus on fathers from Western countries.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

Similar to Western fathers, Chinese fathers reported both negative parenting (parenting disengagement, harsh parenting and inconsistent discipline) and positive father–child interactions when ill.

Unlike their Western counterparts, Chinese fathers relied on extended family support in their parenting role, though this support was problematic at times.

What are the implications for practice?

This research helps mental health nurses understand the experiences of Chinese fathers with mental illness.

Findings suggest that specific cultural adaptions to family‐focused interventions are needed for the Chinese context including considering extended family members (e.g. grandparents).

AbstractIntroductionParenting roles are important for those with a mental illness. While research on mothers is well established there is scant focus on fathers with mental illness, especially in non‐Anglophone countries.AimTo better understand the parenting and family experiences of fathers, who have a mental illness, from the People's Republic of China.MethodQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine Chinese fathers with mental illness, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsSeven superordinate themes were identified: (i) mental illness undermines idealized images of fatherhood; (ii) parenting in the context of mental illness; (iii) concerns about the negative impact of their illness on children; (iv) children as a burden and a source of hope; (v) stigma; (vi) relying on family support; and (vii) unmet professional and peer support needs.DiscussionChinese fathers held a gendered image of fatherhood, and experienced self‐stigma for not living up to their ideal sense of fatherhood, which resulted in a reluctance to seek support. This study adds to the existing literature by focusing on Chinese fathers. Although many of their experiences are similar to fathers from Western countries, some differences were found, notably around a reliance on extended family support.Implications for practiceNurses and other mental health professionals need to adopt a family‐focused, culturally informed approach to supporting Chinese fathers with mental illness and their families.
Dec2 negatively regulates bone resorption in periodontitis
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Guo Lijia , Sato Fuyuki , Kitayama Toshiyasu , Tewari Nitesh , Makishima Makoto , Hamada Nobushiro , Liu Yi , Bhawal Ujjal K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe potential role of the transcription factor Differentiated embryo‐chondrocyte 2 (Dec2) in the progression of inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis has been unclear. Here, the effect of Dec2 on the expression of RANKL and on osteoclastogenesis was determined.Material and MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Dec2 knockout (KO) mice as a model for periodontitis were used to assess alveolar bone resorption by microcomputed tomography (CT). Western blot, flow cytometry, quantitative real‐time PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses were utilized to detect inflammation and osteoclasts. Luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays examined the interaction between Dec2 and RANKL.ResultsMicro‐CT showed that the alveolar bone resorption of Dec2KO mice was more severe than WT mice after treatment with P. gingivalis. Immunohistochemistry and Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining showed active osteoclast differentiation in Dec2KO mice. There was an increase in CD11b+F4/80+ and CD4+RANKL+ T cells in Dec2KO mice treated with P. gingivalis. Moreover, inflammatory and immune markers were expressed at significantly higher levels in gingival mononuclear cells in Dec2KO mice. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and ChIP assays confirmed the direct binding of Dec2 protein to the RANKL gene.ConclusionDec2 has an immune regulation ability that modulates P. gingivalis‐induced periodontitis via RANKL.
Fine‐scale vegetation complexity and habitat structure influence predation pressure on a declining snake
Authors: Duchesne T. , Graitson E. , Lourdais O. , Ursenbacher S. , Dufrêne M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Western Europe, omnipresent human activities have considerable impacts on habitats at several spatial scales resulting in direct shifts in habitat characteristics. These modifications in habitat features can disrupt biotic interactions such as predation. Surprisingly, although snake species are facing a worldwide decline, relationships between habitat characteristics and predation pressure in snakes remain poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to assess predation pressure on a snake species (the common adder; Vipera berus) in relation to two habitat characteristics: fine‐scale (microhabitat) vegetation complexity and habitat structure (linear/non‐linear). Using 2400 artificial plasticine models of adder as lures in 12 sites in Wallonia (Belgium), we quantified and compared the relative predation risk with respect to these two habitat features. We showed that, all predators combined (mammals and birds), increasing vegetation complexity had a positive impact by decreasing predation pressure, while habitat linearity increased attack risk on adders. However, for mammalian predators, increasing structural complexity reduced predation risk in non‐linear habitats while this risk remained constant and substantial in linear habitats. This suggests that the abiotic benefits of linear strips or edges may be balanced by high predation risks. For bird predators, habitat linearity had no effect on attack rates while an increase in structural complexity reduced attack probabilities. In the light of these results, we suggest applying management practices that ensure a high degree of structural complexity in semi‐natural habitats concerned with snake conservation. Moreover, we recommend creating non‐linear, highly structured habitat elements to hamper predation pressure by mammals.