bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does invasion degree shape alpha and beta diversity of freshwater fish at a regional scale?
Authors: Gavioli Anna , Milardi Marco , Soininen Janne , Soana Elisa , Lanzoni Mattia , Castaldelli Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems appear more vulnerable to biodiversity loss due to several anthropogenic disturbances and freshwater fish are particularly vulnerable to these impacts. We aimed to (1) identify the contribution of land use, spatial variables, and invasion degree in determining freshwater fish alpha (i.e., species richness) and beta (i.e., local contributions to beta diversity, LCBD) diversity, evaluating also the relationship between invasion degree and nestedness (nes) and turnover (sim) components of beta diversity. (2) Investigate the relationship between alpha diversity and LCBD, under the hypothesis that alpha diversity and LCBD correlate negatively and (3) investigate the relationship between species contributions to beta diversity (SCBD) and species occurrence, hypothesizing that non‐native species show a lower contribution to beta diversity. The linear mixed models and the partition of R2 retained the invasion degree as the most important variables explaining alpha and beta diversity, having a positive relationship with both diversity components. Furthermore, land use related to human impacts had a positive influence on alpha diversity, whereas it showed a negative effect on LCBD. Regression model further showed that invasion degree related positively with sim, but negatively with nes, suggesting that non‐native species were involved in the replacement of native species in the fish community. Alpha diversity and LCBD showed a weak positive correlation, meaning that sites with low species richness have higher LCBD. SCBD scaled positively with species occurrence highlighting that rarer species contribute less to SCBD. Finally, native and exotic species contributed similarly to beta diversity. These results suggest that invasion degree plays a central role in shaping alpha and beta diversity in stream fish, more than land use features reflecting habitat alteration or other geospatial variables. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate separately the native and the non‐native components of biotic communities to identify linkages between invasion dynamics and biodiversity loss.
Regenerable aerogel‐based thermogalvanic cells for efficient low‐grade heat harvesting from solar radiation and interfacial solar evaporation systems
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan , Wu Xuan , Yu Huimin , Wang Yida , Wu Pan , Yang Xiaofei , Chu Dewei , Owens Gary , Xu Haolan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect conversion of low‐grade heat into electricity by thermal electrochemical cells is a promising strategy for energy generation. For stable heat‐to‐electricity conversion, maintaining a low‐grade heat induced temperature difference between the cell electrodes is essential. Here, a thermogalvanic cell consisting of a cellulose fiber‐based porous aerogel, a liquid electrolyte, a reduced graphene oxide light absorber, and carbon nanotube‐based electrodes is designed for low‐grade thermal energy harvesting and conversion. The low thermal conductivity of the porous cellulose aerogel enables limited heat transfer from the hot side to the cold side, and thermal energy management effectively reduces heat loss from the hot side to the environment. Thus, a sustainable temperature difference between the electrodes is maintained and a corresponding maximum power output of 6.94 mW m−2 is achieved under natural solar irradiation. The obtained thermal electrochemical cells are also integrated into an enclosed interfacial solar evaporation device to harvest the latent heat released from vapor condensation for electricity generation. In addition, the thermal electrochemical cells can be regenerated after 18 months of storage and show no performance degradation. This design thus offers a novel alternative strategy for practical low‐grade heat harvesting.image
Malignant undifferentiated epithelioid neoplasms with MAML2 rearrangements: A clinicopathologic study of seven cases demonstrating a heterogenous entity
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , DiNapoli Sara E. , Sukhadia Purvil , Mullaney Kerry A. , Gladdy Rebecca , Healey John H. , Agaimy Abbas , Cleven Arjen H. , Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , Dickson Brendan C. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmong mesenchymal tumors, MAML2 gene rearrangements have been described in a subset of composite hemangioendothelioma and myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS). However, we have recently encountered MAML2‐related fusions in a group of seven undifferentiated malignant epithelioid neoplasms that do not fit well to any established pathologic entities. The patients included five males and two female, aged 41–71 years old (median 65 years). The tumors involved the deep soft tissue of extremities (hip, knee, arm, hand), abdominal wall, and the retroperitoneum. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of solid sheets of atypical epithelioid to histiocytoid cells with abundant cytoplasm. Prominent mitotic activity and necrosis were present in 4 cases. In 3 cases, the cells displayed hyperchromatic nuclei or conspicuous macronucleoli, and were admixed with background histiocytoid cells and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), the neoplastic cells had a nonspecific phenotype. On targeted RNA sequencing, MAML2 was the 3′ partner and fused to YAP1 (4 cases), ARHGAP42 (2 cases), and ENDOD1 (1 case). Two cases with YAP1::MAML2 harbored concurrent RAF kinase fusions (RBMS3::RAF1 and AGK::BRAF, respectively). In 2 cases with targeted DNA sequencing, mutations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN were detected in 1 case, and PDGFRB mutations, CCNE1 amplifications and CDKN2A/2B deletion were detected in another case, which showed strong and diffuse PDGFRB expression by IHC. Of the 4 cases with detailed clinical history (median follow‐up period 8 months), three developed distant metastatic disease (one of which died of disease); one case remained free of disease 3 years following surgical excision. In conclusion, we describe a heterogeneous series of MAML2‐rearranged undifferentiated malignant epithelioid neoplasms, a subset of which may overlap with a recently described MIFS variant with YAP1::MAML2 fusions, further expanding the clinicopathologic spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms with recurrent MAML2 gene rearrangements.
Abnormal amygdala functional connectivity and deep learning classification in multifrequency bands in autism spectrum disorder: A multisite functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Ma Huibin , Cao Yikang , Li Mengting , Zhan Linlin , Xie Zhou , Huang Lina , Gao Yanyan , Jia Xize 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have explored resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) of the amygdala in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether there are frequency‐specific FC alterations of the amygdala in ASD and whether FC in specific frequency bands can be used to distinguish patients with ASD from typical controls (TCs). Data from 306 patients with ASD and 314 age‐matched and sex‐matched TCs were collected from 28 sites in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. The bilateral amygdala, defined as the seed regions, was used to perform seed‐based FC analyses in the conventional, slow‐5, and slow‐4 frequency bands at each site. Image‐based meta‐analyses were used to obtain consistent brain regions across 28 sites in the three frequency bands. By combining generative adversarial networks and deep neural networks, a deep learning approach was applied to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. The meta‐analysis results showed frequency band specificity of FC in ASD, which was reflected in the slow‐5 frequency band instead of the conventional and slow‐4 frequency bands. The deep learning results showed that, compared with the conventional and slow‐4 frequency bands, the slow‐5 frequency band exhibited a higher accuracy of 74.73%, precision of 74.58%, recall of 75.05%, and area under the curve of 0.811 to distinguish patients with ASD from TCs. These findings may help us to understand the pathological mechanisms of ASD and provide preliminary guidance for the clinical diagnosis of ASD.
Benchmarking the generalizability of brain age models: Challenges posed by scanner variance and prediction bias
Authors: Jirsaraie Robert J. , Kaufmann Tobias , Bashyam Vishnu , Erus Guray , Luby Joan L. , Westlye Lars T. , Davatzikos Christos , Barch Deanna M. , Sotiras Aristeidis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMachine learning has been increasingly applied to neuroimaging data to predict age, deriving a personalized biomarker with potential clinical applications. The scientific and clinical value of these models depends on their applicability to independently acquired scans from diverse sources. Accordingly, we evaluated the generalizability of two brain age models that were trained across the lifespan by applying them to three distinct early‐life samples with participants aged 8–22 years. These models were chosen based on the size and diversity of their training data, but they also differed greatly in their processing methods and predictive algorithms. Specifically, one brain age model was built by applying gradient tree boosting (GTB) to extracted features of cortical thickness, surface area, and brain volume. The other model applied a 2D convolutional neural network (DBN) to minimally preprocessed slices of T1‐weighted scans. Additional model variants were created to understand how generalizability changed when each model was trained with data that became more similar to the test samples in terms of age and acquisition protocols. Our results illustrated numerous trade‐offs. The GTB predictions were relatively more accurate overall and yielded more reliable predictions when applied to lower quality scans. In contrast, the DBN displayed the most utility in detecting associations between brain age gaps and cognitive functioning. Broadly speaking, the largest limitations affecting generalizability were acquisition protocol differences and biased brain age estimates. If such confounds could eventually be removed without post‐hoc corrections, brain age predictions may have greater utility as personalized biomarkers of healthy aging.
Association of antidepressant drug use with outcome of patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Seliger Corinna , Oppong Felix Boakye , Lefranc Florence , Chinot Olivier , Stupp Roger , Nabors Burt , Gorlia Thierry , Weller Michael ,   EORTC Brain Tumor Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractDepressive symptoms are common among patients with glioblastoma, but patients are often not treated with antidepressants. There is only limited evidence on the association of antidepressant drug use with survival in glioblastoma. We performed a pooled analysis of patients treated within the CENTRIC, CORE, AVAglio and ACT‐IV trials to explore the relation of antidepressant drug use with progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at baseline, at the start of maintenance therapy and at the start of maintenance cycle 4. We further assessed the association of antidepressant drugs with seizure, cognition, fatigue and a diagnosis of depression. Among more than 1700 patients, we found no significant association between the use of antidepressants at baseline or at the start of maintenance therapy and PFS or OS. However, we found OS, but not PFS, to be significantly worse in patients using antidepressants at the start of maintenance cycle 4. After adjustment for antiepileptic drug use and despite showing a trend for increased risk, seizures were not significantly associated with antidepressant drug use, nor was there a change in mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores or fatigue by antidepressant drug use at baseline. However, there was a significant positive association between antidepressant use at the start of maintenance treatment and fatigue during maintenance treatment. The association of antidepressant use at the start of maintenance cycle 4 with inferior OS of glioblastoma patients requires independent confirmation and further study. Further prospective trials should evaluate efficacy, side effects and associations with outcome of antidepressants in glioblastoma.
Extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer: Current management and future directions
Authors: Yu Ying , Chen Kaiyan , Fan Yun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) is regarded as a refractory carcinoma associated with extremely rapid disease progression. After more than three decades without clinical advances, research on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy has led to the first treatment breakthrough, establishing a new standard for the first‐line treatment of ES‐SCLC. Further studies have extensively evaluated small‐molecule antiangiogenic drugs, PARP inhibitors, as well as lurbinectedin in SCLC and have demonstrated some benefit, although no breakthroughs have been made. In addition, newer therapeutic strategies with targeted agents, novel chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies are evolving as they are being actively explored and hold promise for patients with this disease. Notably, the preliminary identification of SCLC molecular subtypes driven by the expression of dominant transcription factors with RNA sequencing profiles has made it possible to identify molecularly tailored therapeutic approaches, which increases the potential for individualized precision treatment of SCLC. In this review, we summarize recent research advances in ES‐SCLC, outline the current management of this disease and reflect on directions for future development.
Greater pQCT Calf Muscle Density Is Associated with Lower Fracture Risk, Independent of FRAX, Falls and BMD: A Meta‐Analysis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C. , Orwoll Eric , Cauley Jane A. , Kwok Timothy , Karlsson Magnus K. , Rosengren Björn E. , Ribom Eva , Cawthon Peggy M. , Ensrud Kristine , Liu Enwu , Laskou Faidra , Ward Kate A. , Dennison Elaine M. , Cooper Cyrus , Kanis John A. , Vandenput Liesbeth , Lorentzon Mattias , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan , Johansson Helena , McCloskey Eugene 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigated the predictive performance of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of both calf muscle density (an established surrogate for muscle adiposity, with higher values indicating lower muscle adiposity and higher muscle quality) and size (cross‐sectional area [CSA]) for incident fracture. pQCT (Stratec XCT2000/3000) measurements at the tibia were undertaken in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) United States (US), Hong Kong (HK), and Swedish (SW) cohorts. Analyses were by cohort and synthesized by meta‐analysis. The predictive value for incident fracture outcomes, illustrated here for hip fracture (HF), using an extension of Poisson regression adjusted for age and follow‐up time, was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in exposure (HR/SD). Further analyses adjusted for femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD) T‐score, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) 10‐year fracture probability (major osteoporotic fracture) and prior falls. We studied 991 (US), 1662 (HK), and 1521 (SW) men, mean ± SD age 77.0 ± 5.1, 73.9 ± 4.9, 80 ± 3.4 years, followed for a mean ± SD 7.8 ± 2.2, 8.1 ± 2.3, 5.3 ± 2.0 years, with 31, 47, and 78 incident HFs, respectively. Both greater muscle CSA and greater muscle density were associated with a lower risk of incident HF [HR/SD: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–1.0 and 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91, respectively]. The pattern of associations was not materially changed by adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability. In contrast, after inclusion of fn BMD T‐score, the association for muscle CSA was no longer apparent (1.04; 95% CI, 0.88–1.24), whereas that for muscle density was not materially changed (0.69; 95% CI, 0.59–0.82). Findings were similar for osteoporotic fractures. pQCT measures of greater calf muscle density and CSA were both associated with lower incidence of fractures in older men, but only muscle density remained an independent risk factor for fracture after accounting for fn BMD. These findings demonstrate a complex interplay between measures of bone, muscle size, and quality, in determining fracture risk. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protein intake and bone mineral density: Cross‐sectional relationship and longitudinal effects in older adults
Authors: Groenendijk Inge , Grootswagers Pol , Santoro Aurelia , Franceschi Claudio , Bazzocchi Alberto , Meunier Nathalie , Caille Aurélie , Malpuech‐Brugere Corinne , Bialecka‐Debek Agata , Pietruszka Barbara , Fairweather‐Tait Susan , Jennings Amy , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are several mechanisms via which increased protein intake might maintain or improve bone mineral density (BMD), but current evidence for an association or effect is inconclusive. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between dietary protein intake (total, plant and animal) with BMD (spine and total body) and the effects of protein supplementation on BMD.MethodsIndividual data from four trials that included either (pre‐)frail, undernourished or healthy older adults (aged ≥65 years) were combined. Dietary intake was assessed with food records (2, 3 or 7 days) and BMD with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Associations and effects were assessed by adjusted linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 1570 participants [57% women, median (inter‐quartile range): age 71 (68–75) years] for which at least total protein intake and total body BMD were known were included in cross‐sectional analyses. In fully adjusted models, total protein intake was associated with higher total body and spine BMD [beta (95% confidence interval): 0.0011 (0.0006–0.0015) and 0.0015 (0.0007–0.0023) g/cm2, respectively]. Animal protein intake was associated with higher total body and spine BMD as well [0.0011 (0.0007–0.0016) and 0.0017 (0.0010–0.0024) g/cm2, respectively]. Plant protein intake was associated with a lower total body and spine BMD [−0.0010 (−0.0020 to −0.0001) and −0.0019 (−0.0034 to −0.0004) g/cm2, respectively]. Associations were similar between sexes. Participants with a high ratio of animal to plant protein intake had higher BMD. In participants with an adequate calcium intake and sufficient serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the association between total protein intake with total body and spine BMD became stronger. Likewise, the association between animal protein intake with total body BMD was stronger. In the longitudinal analyses, 340 participants [58% women, median (inter‐quartile range): age 75 (70–81) years] were included. Interventions of 12 or 24 weeks with protein supplementation or protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise did not lead to significant improvements in BMD.ConclusionsAn association between total and animal protein intake with higher BMD was found. In contrast, plant protein intake was associated with lower BMD. Research is warranted to further investigate the added value of dietary protein alongside calcium and vitamin D for BMD improvement, especially in osteopenic or osteoporotic individuals. Moreover, more research on the impact of a plant‐based diet on bone health is needed.
Anti‐consumption behavior: A meta‐analytic integration of attitude behavior context theory and well‐being theory
Authors: Maseeh Haroon Iqbal , Sangroya Deepak , Jebarajakirthy Charles , Adil Mohd , Kaur Jaspreet , Yadav Miklesh P. , Saha Raiswa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearchers have given considerable attention to investigate anti‐consumption behavior. However, empirical research tends to report somewhat erratic and inconsistent findings. Accordingly, the relationships between the antecedents, and the outcome variables of anti‐consumption behavior, such as consumer well‐being, remain unclear. Thus, to fill this void in the literature, this study integrates Attitude Behavior Context (ABC) theory and Well‐being theory into a meta‐analytic framework and synthesizes the extant literature on anti‐consumption to examine concrete relationships between the contextual and attitudinal variables, anti‐consumption behavior and consumer well‐being. The findings show that ecological concern, religiosity, mortality salience, and perceived behavioral control influence anti‐consumption attitudes and intention, whereas consumer well‐being is the outcome variable of anti‐consumption behavior. To investigate the possible reasons for the inconsistent findings, we performed a moderation analysis which suggests that country of study, product type, data collection period, research methods and sample type may cause inconsistencies in the findings. This meta‐analytic study contributes to the anti‐consumption literature. Practically, the findings provide guidelines to policymakers and societal organizations interested in promoting anti‐consumption.
Rehabilitating Cough Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Troche Michelle S. , Curtis James A. , Sevitz Jordanna S. , Dakin Avery E. , Perry Sarah E. , Borders James C. , Grande Alessandro A. , Mou Yuhan , Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Hegland Karen W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisorders of airway protection (cough and swallowing) are pervasive in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulting in a high incidence of aspiration pneumonia and death. However, there are no randomized controlled trials comparing strength and skill‐based approaches to improve airway protection in PD.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and sensorimotor training for airway protection (smTAP) to improve cough‐related outcomes in people with PD.MethodsParticipants with PD and dysphagia were recruited for this prospective phase II randomized‐blinded controlled clinical trial. Participants completed baseline assessment, 5 weeks of EMST or smTAP, and a post‐training assessment. Primary outcome measures included maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Mixed effects models were used to assess the effects of EMST and smTAP on outcomes.ResultsA total of 65 participants received either EMST (n = 34) or smTAP (n = 31). MEP improved from pre‐ to post‐treatment for smTAP (P < 0.001, d = 0.19) and EMST (P < 0.001, d = 0.53). Voluntary PEFR increased from pre‐ to post‐treatment for smTAP (P < 0.001, d = 0.19) and EMST (P < 0.001, d = 0.06). Moreover, reflex cough PEFR (P < 0.001, d = 0.64), reflex cough expired volume (P < 0.001, d = 0.74), and urge to cough (P = 0.018, OR = 2.70) improved for the smTAP group but not for the EMST group.ConclusionsThis clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of smTAP to improve reflex and voluntary cough function, above and beyond EMST, the current gold standard. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.