bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating RF jamming attacks at the physical layer with machine learning
Authors: Jacovic Marko , Rey Xaime Rivas , Mainland Geoffrey , Dandekar Kapil R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWireless communication devices must be protected from malicious threats, including active jamming attacks, due to the widespread use of wireless systems throughout our every‐day lives. Jamming mitigation techniques are predominately evaluated through simulation or with hardware for very specific jamming conditions. In this paper, an experimental software defined radio‐based RF jamming mitigation platform which performs online jammer classification and leverages reconfigurable beam‐steering antennas at the physical layer is introduced. A ray‐tracing emulation system is presented and validated to enable hardware‐in‐the‐loop jamming experiments of complex outdoor and mobile site‐specific scenarios. Random forests classifiers are trained based on over‐the‐air collected data and integrated into the platform. The mitigation system is evaluated for both over‐the‐air and ray‐tracing emulated environments. The experimental results highlight the benefit of using the jamming mitigation system in the presence of active jamming attacks.
Assessments zur Erhebung des Fitnesszustandes in Therapiegruppen für Personen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis – eine Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Rausch Anne-Kathrin , Horvath Christian , Niedermann Karin 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Schweizerische Vereinigung Morbus Bechterew hat die Empfehlungen für körperliche Aktivität der europäischen Rheumaliga in einem Gruppentherapie-Konzept für Personen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) umgesetzt. Dieses Konzept beinhaltet neben der Anleitung zum Training in allen 4 Fitnessdimensionen (Ausdauer, Kraft, Beweglichkeit, Neuromotorik) auch Bewegungsberatung und regelmäßige Fitness-Assessments für die Planung und Dokumentation des individuellen Therapiefortschritts sowie für die Qualitätsevaluation der Therapiegruppen.
Ziel Evaluation der Durchführbarkeit der Fitness-Assessments, indem Physiotherapeut*innen (PT) und Gruppenteilnehmende mit axSpA (TNaxSpA) Akzeptanz, Praktikabilität und Integration beurteilen.
Methode Machbarkeitsstudie in 4 Pilottherapiegruppen. PT führten die Assessmentbatterie, bestehend aus a) Chester Step Test (CST) für die aerobe Fitness, b) modifizierter Rumpfkrafttest für die Rumpfkraft, c) Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) für die Beweglichkeit der Wirbelsäule und d) Single Leg Stance Test (SLST) für das Gleichgewicht, mit den TNaxSpA durch. Anschließend bewerteten die PT und TNaxSpA mittels Fragebögen die Akzeptanz, Durchführbarkeit und Integration. Die Durchführbarkeit der Bewertungen wurde anhand von 3 Stufen (I–III) definiert: Bei einer positiven Bewertung von > 80 % (Stufe I) wurde eine bestimmte Bewertung als geeignet angesehen, bei einer positiven Bewertung von 50–80 % (Stufe II) waren Anpassungen erforderlich, bei einer positiven Bewertung von < 50 % (Stufe III) wurde eine bestimmte Bewertung als nicht geeignet für die Gruppenübungstherapie angesehen und es musste eine neue Auswahl getroffen werden.
Ergebnisse Der BASMI wurde von TNaxSpA und PT mit Stufe I bewertet, es waren keine Anpassungen erforderlich. Der CST, SLST und modifizierte Rumpfkrafttest wurden von TNaxSpA mit Stufe I und von PT mit Stufe II bewertet, notwendige Anpassungen wurden entsprechend definiert.
Schlussfolgerung Aus Sicht der Patient*innen wurde die Durchführbarkeit der Tests in Bezug auf Akzeptanz, Durchführbarkeit und Integration positiv bewertet. Aus Sicht der PT waren einige Personen mit axSpA einsetzbar. Auf diese Weise kann der individuelle Fitnesszustand evaluiert und die Interventionen angepasst werden, sodass die Qualität der Gruppenübungstherapie kontinuierlich evaluiert und gegebenenfalls verbessert werden kann.
Super-Resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy of Microvascular Structure and Flow for Distinguishing Metastatic Lymph Nodes – An Initial Human Study
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Zhang Chao , Christensen-Jeffries Kirsten , Zhang Ge , Harput Sevan , Dunsby Christopher , Huang Pintong , Tang Meng-Xing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose Detecting and distinguishing metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from those with benign lymphadenopathy are crucial for cancer diagnosis and prognosis but remain a clinical challenge. A recent advance in super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) through localizing individual microbubbles has broken the diffraction limit and tracking enabled in vivo noninvasive imaging of vascular morphology and flow dynamics at a microscopic level. In this study we hypothesize that SRUS enables quantitative markers to distinguish metastatic LNs from benign ones in patients with lymphadenopathy.
Materials and Methods Clinical contrast-enhanced ultrasound image sequences of LNs from 6 patients with lymph node metastasis and 4 with benign lymphadenopathy were acquired and motion-corrected. These were then used to generate super-resolution microvascular images and super-resolved velocity maps. From these SRUS images, morphological and functional measures were obtained including micro-vessel density, fractal dimension, mean flow speed, and Local Flow Direction Irregularity (LFDI) measuring the variance in local flow direction. These measures were compared between pathologically proven reactive and metastasis LNs.
Results Our initial results indicate that the difference in the indicator of flow irregularity (LFDI) derived from the SRUS images is statistically significant between the two groups. The LFDI is 60% higher in metastatic LNs compared with reactive nodes.
Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of super-resolution ultrasound for clinical imaging of lymph nodes and the potential of using the irregularity of local blood flow directions afforded by SRUS for the characterization of LNs.
Knowledge Gaps for Prophylactic Use of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients with COVID-19: Insights into New SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccination Status, and Emerging Oral Antivirals
Authors: Talasaz Azita H. , Sadeghipour Parham , Mehdizadeh Kasra , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar , Bikdeli Behnood , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Harenberg Job 
Published: October 2022

AbstractData suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in a prothrombotic state leading to arterial and venous thromboses. Vaccination, novel antiviral drugs, and emerging variants have changed the course of the disease in many ways; however, their effects on the incidence of thrombotic events and the efficacy of preventative antithrombotic agents have not been yet evaluated. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reported on the incidence of thrombotic events based on vaccination status, use of novel antiviral drugs, and emerging viral variants. Similarly, we screened the ongoing/published randomized trials of preventative antithrombotic therapy in any COVID-19 population to assess whether subgroup-specific results were reported based on any of these variants. Upon searching a total of 3,451 records, only one entry fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our systematic review, which was a self-controlled case series on 29,121,633 vaccinated individuals, the incidence rate ratio of thrombotic complication after breakthrough infection was 13.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.76–15.05) compared with 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02–1.18) during the 28-day postvaccination. In conclusion, although the mortality benefit of mass vaccination and the early promising results of the new antiviral therapies are well known, we were unable to find clinical evidence on whether vaccination, the use of novel antiviral agents, and emerging viral variants have affected the incidence rate of thrombotic events or impacted the efficacy of prophylactic antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19. Analyses from existing trials and large-scale registries can provide interim knowledge and any findings of relevance should be incorporated in the design of future trials.
Rapid Access to Functionalized γ-Lactams through Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Diynes
Authors: Xie Li-Xia , Shen Wen-Bo , Zhang Ting-Ting , Wei Kua-Fei , Ru Guang-Xin , Zhu Xiu-Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of diynes is described. A range of functionalized γ-lactams can be readily constructed by using this protocol. This copper-catalyzed oxidative process proceeds through an alkyne oxidation, carbene/alkyne metathesis, and donor–donor carbene oxidation sequence. The use of readily available substrates, high flexibility, a simple procedure, and mild reaction conditions render the procedure a viable alternative for the preparation of functionalized γ-lactams.
Tf2O-Promoted Morgan–Walls Reaction: From a Flexible Approach to Functionalized Phenanthridines and Quinazolines to the Short and Divergent Total Syntheses of Alkaloids
Authors: Huang Pei-Qiang , Su Xiao-Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new protocol for the direct transformation of secondary amides (N-acyl-o-xenylamines) to phenanthridines under mild conditions is reported. The method features trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O)/2-fluoropyridine as the efficient amide activation system and MeCN or CH2Cl2 as the solvent. For some substrates, MeCN participated in the reaction, which affords a mild access to polysubstituted quinazolines. By employing a Tf2O/2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyrimidine (TTBP) combination, the method was extended to an N-formyl-o-xenylamine, which represents a recalcitrant amide substrate type for the dehydrative cyclization reaction. More importantly, a one-pot method was established for the direct and divergent synthesis of four types of phenanthridinoids from o-xenylamines, which features both a tert-N-formyl-o-xenylamine and phenanthridinium salt as key and versatile intermediates. The investigation has resulted in one of the shortest and the most efficient total syntheses of the three natural products trisphaeridine, 5,6-dihydrobicolorine, and N-methylcrinasiadine, and in the formal total syntheses of three other ones: 3-hydroxytrisphaeridine, bicolorine, and zephycandidine A.
Perioperative Considerations in a Patient with Kleine–Levin Syndrome Undergoing a Neurosurgical Procedure under General Anesthesia
Authors: Rajaleelan Wesley , Chowdhury Tumul , Moga Rebecca , Todaro Carla , Zadeh Gelareh , Wang Justin , Singh Mandeep 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare central disorder of daytime hypersomnolence and is often characterized by a relapsing and remitting course, recurrent episodes of excessive sleep lasting from 12 to 20 hours a day, and symptoms including hyperphagia, hallucinations, derealization, disorientation, and hypersexuality. There are numerous perioperative considerations in dealing with KLS that include challenges during induction of anesthesia, delayed emergence, postoperative sleep disorders, and delirium. However, due to its rare occurrence, the anesthetic considerations of KLS remain poorly described. This case report outlines the anesthetic considerations and management of a young female patient with KLS who underwent transnasal excision of a trigeminal schwannoma under general anesthesia.
The Association of Teamwork and Adverse Tracheal Intubation–Associated Events in Advanced Airway Management in the PICU
Authors: Jennings John F. , Nett Sholeen , Umoren Rachel , Murray Robert , Kessel Aaron , Napolitano Natalie , Adu-Darko Michelle , Biagas Katherine , Jung Philipp , Spear Debra , Parsons Simon , Breuer Ryan , Meyer Keith , Malone Matthew , Shenoi Asha , Lee Anthony , Mallory Palen , Al-Subu Awni , Tarquinio Keiko , Glater Lily , Toal Megan , Lee Jan Hau , Pinto Matthew , Polikoff Lee , Own Erin , Toedt-Pingel Iris , Kasagi Mioko , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence , Motomura Makoto , Gima Masafumi , Kelly Serena , Panisello Josep , Nuthall Gabrielle , Gladen Kelsey , Shults Justine , Nadkarni Vinay , Nishisaki Akira ,   for the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) Investigators Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: October 2022

AbstractTracheal intubation (TI) in critically ill children is a life-saving but high-risk procedure that involves multiple team members with diverse clinical skills. We aim to examine the association between the provider-reported teamwork rating and the occurrence of adverse TI-associated events (TIAEs). A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 45 pediatric intensive care units in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) database from January 2013 to March 2018 was performed. A composite teamwork score was generated using the average of each of five (7-point Likert scale) domains in the teamwork assessment tool. Poor teamwork was defined as an average score of 4 or lower. Team provider stress data were also recorded with each intubation. A total of 12,536 TIs were reported from 2013 to 2018. Approximately 4.1% (n = 520) rated a poor teamwork score. TIs indicated for shock were more commonly associated with a poor teamwork score, while those indicated for procedures and those utilizing neuromuscular blockade were less commonly associated with a poor teamwork score. TIs with poor teamwork were associated with a higher occurrence of adverse TIAE (24.4% vs 14.4%, p < 0.001), severe TIAE (13.7% vs 5.9%, p < 0.001), and peri-intubation hypoxemia < 80% (26.4% vs 17.9%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for indication, provider type, and neuromuscular blockade use, poor teamwork was associated with higher odds of adverse TIAEs (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.34), severe TIAEs (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.47–3.37), and hypoxemia (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.25–2.03). TIs with poor teamwork were independently associated with a higher occurrence of TIAEs, severe TIAEs, and hypoxemia.
Cerebellar Tubers in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Patients: New Imaging Characteristics and the Relationship with Cerebral Tubers
Authors: Yogi Akira , Hirata Yoko , Linetsky Michael , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Salamon Noriko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective The imaging characteristics, evolution, and clinical features of cerebellar tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients have not been well described. The purpose of this study is to investigate the imaging characteristics of cerebellar tubers, including their dynamic changes, and to evaluate the relationship with cerebral tubers in TSC patients.
Materials and Methods Two observers retrospectively reviewed 75 consecutive TSC patients to identify cerebellar tubers and to evaluate their imaging characteristics, including location, presence of retraction change, calcification, contrast enhancement, and the presence of an associated vascular anomaly, as well as dynamic changes in these characteristics. The number of cerebral tubers was compared between TSC patients with and without cerebellar tubers.
Results Twenty-five TSC patients with 28 cerebellar tubers were identified. All cerebellar tubers occurred within the lateral portions of the cerebellar hemispheres. Thirteen cerebellar tubers demonstrated calcification. Ten cerebellar tubers showed contrast enhancement, half of which demonstrated a zebra-like appearance. A vascular anomaly was associated with 12 tubers, one of which subsequently developed parenchymal hemorrhage. Fifteen cerebellar tubers demonstrated complex dynamic changes in size and contrast enhancement. Patients with cerebellar tubers had more cerebral tubers (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Cerebellar tubers demonstrate a specific distribution, suggesting a possible influence on higher brain function. The presence of an associated vascular anomaly may be an important imaging characteristic. Cerebellar tubers may be associated with a more severe manifestation of TSC, given their association with increased numbers of cerebral tubers. These findings may provide insights into the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of cerebellar tubers in TSC patients.
Mitochondrial Leukoencephalopathy in a One and Half-Year-old Boy
Authors: Ainapure Anish , Kulkarni Shilpa , Gala Foram , Shah Payal , Gavali Vrushabh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA one and half-year-old baby boy presented with subacute regression of milestones in all domains. On examination, he had spastic dystonic quadriparesis. Reflexes were brisk. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffuse cavitating leukodystrophy involving bilateral periventricular white matter, centrum semiovale, and corona radiata. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a lactate peak and serum lactate levels were also elevated. Genetic studies revealed compound heterozygous autosomal recessive mutations in IBA57 gene. This case illustrates a rare mitochondrial encephalopathy called multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome-3 caused by a novel IBA57 gene mutation.
Pituitary Stalk Hemangioblastoma: Complete Resection through Orbitozygomatic Approach with Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy
Authors: Messina Raffaella , Cirrottola Giovanni , Tacconi Leonello , Guyotat Jacques , Signorelli Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas (PSHBLs) are rare vascular tumors and their surgical removal is challenging due to the proximity with several fundamental anatomic structures including the pituitary stalk, third ventricle, hypothalamus, and optic pathways. To date, only few descriptions of transcranial and transsphenoidal approaches for PSHBLs have been reported in the literature and none in video, with suboptimal outcomes in terms of pituitary function preservation. Here, we describe the use of orbitozygomatic (OZ) craniotomy with extradural anterior clinoidectomy (EAC) for the removal of a PSHBL with preservation of the pituitary stalk.
Case Description A 60-year-old woman with a sporadic symptomatic HBL of the pituitary stalk, with the typical features of avid contrast enhancement on T1- and flow voids on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, underwent a right OZ craniotomy with EAC. The choice of the approach was guided by the necessity of exposing the floor of the 3rd ventricle and infundibulum, where the origin of the pituitary stalk is better appreciated and preserved, without brain retraction. EAC was deemed important due to the necessity of widening the right carotico-oculomotor and opticocarotid triangles and gaining access to the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery, origin of the superior hypophyseal artery, and the tumor supply. The postoperative MRI confirmed gross tumor removal with preservation of the pituitary stalk and no tumor recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.
Conclusion OZ craniotomy coupled with EAC facilitates surgical removal of PSHBLs thus augmenting the chances of pituitary function preservation.The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/hH65W937RGY.
Narratives in Kailash Satyarthi’s Nobel Peace Prize lecture: an analysis of rhetorical agency
Authors: Ghimire Som Nath , Neupane Smirti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2014, the Nobel Peace Prize was jointly awarded to Indian-born Kailash Satyarthi and Pakistani-born Malala Yousafzai in recognition of their struggle against the suppression of children. They accepted the prize on behalf of the world’s children who were facing injustices such as poverty, poor labor conditions, forced servitude, and terrorism. Since the Nobel Foundation statutes require the Nobel Laureates to give a lecture at the Nobel Prize Ceremony, Kailash Satyarthi—whose speech is the focus of this study—delivered a Nobel Peace Prize lecture on December 10th, 2014, at Oslo City Hall, Norway. In his lecture, he raised the plight of millions of children on the global stage. This paper offers new insights into the narrative rhetoric concerning each child’s freedom in his Nobel Peace Prize lecture, which demonstrates his life-long mission to help children to enjoy their childhood. Adopting an overarching theoretical lens of narrative rhetoric and agency perspective, the paper analyses the speaker’s agency in his narrative of the plight of children in the face of injustices prevalent across societies and cultures. In doing so, the paper highlights Satyarthi’s employment of narrative rhetoric coupled with his rescuer agency, which appeals to the global citizens to create peaceful, humane, and just societies for children. We argue that his narrative serves as a powerful rhetorical device for arguments, which reinforces his ethos as a life-long champion of children’s rights.
Dense disordered jammed packings of hard very elongate particles: A new derivation of the random contact equation
Authors: Cinacchi Giorgio 
Published: October 2022

This work describes a derivation of the random contact equation that predicts the packing fraction ϕMRJ hr of a dense disordered (maximally random) jammed state of hard, very elongate particles. This derivation is based on (i) the compressibility equation connecting the compressibility of a uniform system with its pair-correlation function: it is assumed equal to zero at jamming; (ii) the pair-correlation function of the interparticle distance scaled with respect to the orientationally dependent contact distance: it is assumed equal to the sum of a delta function and a unit-step function at jamming, where the former function accounts for the interparticle contacts, while the latter function accounts for the background. On assuming that the hard, very elongate particles are cylindrically symmetric with a length L and a diameter D and isostaticity occurs at jamming, the prediction, in particular that, in the limit of L/D → +∞, ϕMRJ hr L/D = (10 + 1)/2, is compared to the available experimental data.
Direct determination of the piezoelectric field using the quantum-confined Stark effect in a strained [111]-oriented zinc-blende MQW-SOA
Authors: Soto-Ortiz Horacio , Torres-Miranda Gerson 
Published: October 2022

Here, we present a method, based on Stark shifts induced by the quantum-confined Stark effect, to directly determine the piezoelectric field in strained zinc-blende quantum wells (QWs) grown along the 111 direction and embedded in the p–i–n diode structure (p-iMQW-n) of a semiconductor optical amplifier. Under short-circuit and open-circuit conditions and resonant optical excitation, we experimentally determine the energy of the 1s e-hh excitonic resonance and the potential difference across the p-iMQW-n junction. Using these parameters in an analytical expression derived in this work, we directly determined a piezoelectric field of −108.71 ± 8.51 kV/cm acting on each of the eight 12-Å-wide strained [111]-oriented In0.687Ga0.313As /In0.807Ga0.193As0.304P0.696 QWs of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The theoretical prediction of −112.24 kV/cm was in very good agreement, within the experimental error, with the value of the piezoelectric field extracted through the proposed procedure, which was also indirectly validated by comparing the experimental value of the 1s e-hh excitonic resonance Stark shift with the extracted one. Even though the implemented technique was specially designed to experimentally determine the piezoelectric field acting on each of the QWs of a multiple quantum well SOA, it can be applied to any p–i–n structure with electrodes and strained [111]-oriented zinc-blende QWs embedded in its intrinsic region. Remarkably, the method proposed here allows direct experimental determination of the piezoelectric field through an analytical expression, with which it is also possible to estimate, with high reliability, the precision of the result and how it is affected by the accuracy of each measuring instrument intervening in the procedure.