bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) in early-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Hodeib Mahmoud , Morgan Dalia , Hedaya Aya , Waked Nevien 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal sepsis is a serious infection occurring within the first 28 days of life. It is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is estimated within the standard CBC profile and considered a simple tool for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis without additional cost. Our aim in this study is to investigate the potential role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). The aim of our study is to detect the role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the diagnosis and prognosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS).

Results
This case-control study was conducted at the NICU of Beni-Suef University Hospital and revealed that RDW% was highly significantly higher among cases than among controls (16.65 ± 4.28, 11.13 ± 0.62, respectively); regarding the severity of neonatal sepsis, we divided our cases into three groups (sepsis group includes 21 neonates, severe sepsis group includes 31 neonates, and septic shock group includes 48 neonates), there were statistically significant differences between the three groups (sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) regarding RDW (15.15 ± 1.65, 16.78 ± 2.01, 17.02 ± 2.02, respectively) as P value (0.027).

Conclusion
This study revealed that RDW is associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis, so further study is needed to prove causation as it is being simple, less expensive, available, and easily repeated as it is routinely done with CBC, so it will be a good indicator for prognosis of neonatal sepsis.
Outcomes of acute appendicitis in patients younger than age 4: a descriptive study
Authors: Camacho-Cruz Jhon , Padilla Patricia Ocampo , Sánchez Daniela Guerrero , Mongui Diana Milena , Hoyos Laura Katherine , Porras María Lucia , Hoyos Pablo Vásquez , Polo Fernando , Castro Carlos Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute appendicitis is an infrequent pathology in children under 4 years of age, and its diagnosis is a clinical challenge that can lead to late detection. The intention of this study is to describe the clinical and surgical findings and to explore factors and outcomes associated with appendiceal perforation in patients under 4 years of age with histologically confirmed acute appendicitis. Cross-sectional study of historical data is on patients with a pathologic diagnosis of appendicitis. Clinical, surgical, and pathological variables were described. The relationship between the presence of perforation and associated factors and outcomes was explored using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Seventy-five patients were found between 2013 and 2019. Seventy-four cases presented with pain on palpation, 56 (75%) with signs of peritoneal irritation, and 70 (93%) with sepsis on admission to the emergency room. An ultrasound was done on 57 patients (76%), and only 26 (45%) were suggestive of appendicitis. Forty-one (55%) cases were operated on by open surgery and 34 (45%) by laparoscopy. In 61 (81%), they were perforated, and 48 (64%) presented peritonitis. Perforation was associated with increased hospital days (OR = 2.54 [1.60−4.03]), days of antibiotics (OR = 4.40 [2.09−9.25]), and admission to intensive care (OR = 9.65 [1.18−78.57]).

Conclusions
Abdominal pain reported by parents, pain on abdominal palpation, and clinical criteria of sepsis on admission to the emergency room are common features. Acute appendicitis complicated by perforation leads to high morbidity due to longer antibiotic treatment, hospitalization days, admission to PICU, and postoperative ileus.
Prediction of Covid-19 infection severity using ABO blood group types and Rh factor
Authors: Shah Syed Asim Ali , Arshad Naveed , Asim Fareena , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Background & Objective: Biological markers for the prediction of acquiring Covid-19 risk are deficient and there is a dire need of immediate research data. The objective of the study was to predict the link of ABO blood group types along with Rh factor distribution with the severity of Covid-19.
Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional survey conducted in medicine department of Pakistan Ordnance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt Pakistan, from August 2020 to December 2020 after approval of IRB. Participants tested positive for presence of Covid-19 infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study. Covid-19 infection severity was measured through mild, moderate and severe disease categories and analyzed. ABO blood group and Rh subgroups data for all the Covid-19 infected patients were obtained from the laboratory section of the hospital and analyzed. Data was entered in SPSS v 26 and analyzed. Cox regression model was used to find out the severity of Covid-19.
Results: Total 248 patients were included; 75% patients were male and 25% were females. The mean age of the patients was 52.77±15.58 years. A very significant association was found between ABO blood group types, Rh factor antigen and severity of Covid-19 (p=0.001). When stratified ABO, Rh antigen blood group with health status of all patients there was a very significant association between them (p=0.013). An insignificant association between male and female odds ratio of ABO blood group types but blood group B, Rh positive antigen was more susceptible in Covid-19 positive patients.
Conclusion: There is a link between ABO blood group types along with Rh factor antigen (B+ and O+) with the severity of Covid-19 positive patients. ABO blood group types and Rh factor can be used as a potential marker/tool to predict the susceptibility of acquiring Covid-19 infection as well as for severity of the infection.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5128
How to cite this:Shah SAA, Arshad N, Asim F, Nadeem M. Prediction of Covid-19 infection severity using ABO blood group types and Rh factor. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5128
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Medical colleges’ challenges and coping strategies in implementing accreditation standards in Pakistan
Authors: GUL FOUZIA , MAHBOOB USMAN , WAJID GOHAR , SHERIN AKHTAR 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To explore the challenges faced by medical colleges and coping strategies used in implementing accreditation standards by Pakistan Medical Commission during accreditation inspection 2019.
Methods: In this qualitative case study, four medical colleges and their affiliated hospitals from three cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through focus group discussions (FGD) through Open-ended questions, based on CIPP (context, input, process, and product) model. Each focus group comprised of Dean, the Director Department of Medical Education (DME) and the Medical Director of the hospital. Data were thematically analyzed and results were based on the CIPP model.
Results: Three themes identified were administrative challenges, accreditation challenges and resource challenges. The administrative challenges theme was further explained under subthemes of rules and regulation challenges, documentation and record challenges, and DME-related challenges. The accreditation-related challenges theme was explored in-depth with subthemes of accreditation process-related challenges, accreditation standards-related challenges and curriculum-related challenges. The resource challenges theme was described under sub-themes of infrastructure-related challenges, human resources and financial challenges. The commonest coping strategies adopted by medical colleges were establishing DME, emergency preparatory meetings of staff, and hiring staff on an emergency basis, to overcome administrative, accreditation and resource challenges respectively. Future suggestions for improving the accreditation process in the local context were highlighted.
Conclusion: Main challenges identified were administrative challenges, accreditation challenges and resource challenges. Coping strategies by the medical colleges for these challenges are highlighted. The accreditation body should harmonize the process of accreditation with medical colleges and other stakeholders.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6121
How to cite this:Gul F, Mahboob U, Wajid G, Sherin A. Medical colleges’ challenges and coping strategies in implementing accreditation standards in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6121
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of CYP3A4 and PPARA polymorphism on concentration-to-dose ratio and adverse effects of tacrolimus in Pakistani liver transplant recipients
Authors: Azam Fahad , Khan Moosa , Shaheen Abida , Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and its regulatory gene peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARA) may significantly affect the metabolism of tacrolimus. This study aims to explore the effect of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of cytochrome P450 3A4 and PPARA on the pharmacological variables of adverse effects and the concentration-to-dose ratio (CDR) of the immune suppressant drug tacrolimus in Pakistani liver transplant recipients.
Methods: Eighty-one liver transplant patients were included and their demographic and clinical data were recorded. Dosages and trough levels of tacrolimus measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) were recorded daily. Genotyping for transplant recipients was performed for CYP3A4 rs35599367, PPARA rs4253728 and rs4823613. Incidence of sepsis, acute cellular rejection (ACR) and other adverse effects were recorded.
Results: Liver transplant recipients with CYP3A4 rs35599367 CT and TT genotype reported higher tacrolimus CDR compared to the CC genotype during week-1 (p<0.001) and week-2 (p =0.03) post-transplantation period. CYP3A4 rs35599367 polymorphism presented a significant association with nephrotoxicity, sepsis, seizures and psychosis. Significant association of PPARA rs4253728 and PPAARA rs4823613 polymorphism with ACR was observed.
Conclusion: Genotyping for CYP3A4 rs35599367 polymorphism during dose titration may shorten the duration to reach optimal tacrolimus trough levels and may help predict adverse events in transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus; genotyping for PPARA rs4253728 and rs4823613 may predict the incidence of ACR.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6180
How to cite this:Azam F, Khan M, Shaheen A, Bhatti AH. Effect of CYP3A4 and PPARA polymorphism on concentration-to-dose ratio and adverse effects of tacrolimus in Pakistani liver transplant recipients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6180
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CPP-ACP complex as a solution to the problem of complications after teeth bleaching - a literature review
Authors: Kula Łucja , Mocny-Pachonska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

Introductions and purpose: Teeth bleaching is an increasingly popular procedure that comes with its specific set of complications including damaged enamel, dentin hypersensitivity, and increased vulnerability to bacterial colonization. CPP-ACP complex possesses remineralizing and bacteriostatic properties as well as the ability to abolish dentin hypersensitivity. The aim of this study is to systematise the state of current knowledge on the use of casein phosphopeptide with amorphous calcium phosphate in combating complications after tooth bleaching.
Description of the state of knowledge: The CPP-ACP complex used alone or in a protocol with a bleaching agent, in a way that is comparable to other products, abolishes post-operative dentin hypersensitivity by blocking the flow of dentino-pulpal tubular fluid. It restores the morphological properties of the tooth, by increasing the hardness of the bleached enamel, more effectively than fluoride agents. Casein phosphopeptide with amorphous calcium phosphate limits the penetration of the bleaching agent into the tooth chamber, thereby preventing the development of pulp inflammation. Moreover, because of its buffering properties, it prevents the development of caries on surfaces weakened by the bleaching process.
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) - a systematic literature review
Authors: Nieścior Hubert , Sereda Dominika , Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub , Szwed Monika 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) is a rare disease that occurs more often in women than in men. PFE is extremely important for orthodontists because conventional treatment of patients results in ankylosis of the teeth affected by the disease. The aim of the study is to discuss the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of Primary Failure of Eruption.
Description of the state of knowledge
PFE is present in 0.05% to 0.6% of the population. The average incidence is at the age of 13.65, more often in women. Most often it affects the lateral teeth, and therefore it results in open lateral bites because the teeth do not reach the occlusal plane. The condition was found to be of genetic origin and inherited autosomal dominantly with a low percentage of incomplete penetration. The gene responsible for the disease is the PTH1R. The diagnosis of the disease consists in excluding other causes of eruption failure, detecting disease in which such symptoms occur, and genetic tests (NGS). Treatment of an open lateral bite cannot be carried out in a conventional manner due to the deterioration of the condition after the application of orthodontic forces. The result of the above actions is ankylosis of teeth covered by PFE. The currently proposed methods of treatment are: single or multi-site osteotomy, selective extractions with subsequent implantations, direct or indirect composite restorations, distraction osteogenesis, removable prosthetic restorations.
Summary
Properly conducted clinical examination of the patient should take into account PFE. Genetic testing (PTH1R) is important in the diagnosis of people with eruption disorders, which is crucial for achieving partially positive treatment results. Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated and patients with a PTH1R mutation should be monitored long-term until their growth is complete, which is the time when interdisciplinary treatment is initiated.
The variety of clinical manifestations in the course of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub , Sereda Dominika , Nieścior Hubert 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare systemic autoimmune disease. It causes inflammation of small and medium-sized arteries in various organs, with the vessels of the kidneys and lungs being most frequently affected. Characteristic for GPA is the presence of antibodies (ANCA) directed against proteinase-3 (PR3) produced by neutrophils. The aim of the study is to present various clinical manifestations of GPA and current diagnostic tools.
Description of the state of knowledge
Currently, there is a marked increase in the incidence of GPA. This disease affects both men and women, most often between the ages of 45 and 60. Granulomas typical of GPA consist of giant cells surrounded by plasma cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells that damage the submucosa and migrate to surrounding tissue, cartilage or bone, causing necrosis and permanent deformation.
In making a diagnosis, you can use the ACR criteria and the acronym ELK.
Summary
GPA is a multi-system disease. Initially, it causes a number of non-specific ailments. The first clinical manifestation is most often otorhinolaryngological symptoms, especially serous otitis media. Then it can gradually cause discomfort from any system. The most frequently involved vessels are the kidneys and lungs, but also the skin, nervous system and eyes.
Prompt diagnosis of GPA is very important for prognostic reasons. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy can rapidly lead to clinical remission and, in the long term, reduce disease complications and mortality.
Some integral inequalities for generalized left and right log convex interval-valued functions based upon the pseudo-order relation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Macías-Díaz Jorge E. , Soliman Mohamed S. , Zaini Hatim Ghazi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is a well-known fact that inclusion and pseudo-order relations are two different concepts which are defined on the interval spaces, and we can define different types of convexities with the help of both relations. By means of pseudo-order relation, the present article deals with the new notions of convex functions which are known as left and right log-

s

s

-convex interval-valued functions (IVFs) in the second sense. The main motivation of this study is to present new inequalities for left and right log-

s

s

-convex-IVFs. Therefore, we establish some new Jensen-type, Hermite-Hadamard (HH)-type, and Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér (HH-Fejér)-type inequalities for this kind of IVF, which generalize some known results. To strengthen our main results, we provide nontrivial examples of left and right log-

s

s

-convex IVFs.
More properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces
Authors: Sarsak Mohammad S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sarsak [M. S. Sarsak, On some properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces, Demonstr. Math. 46 (2013), no. 2, 415–427] studied some properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces (GTSs); the primary purpose of this article is to investigate more properties of generalized open sets in GTSs. We mainly study the behaviours of regular closed sets, semi-open sets, regular semi-open sets, preopen sets, and

β

\beta

-open sets in GTSs analogous to their behaviours in topological spaces.
Some recent results on singularp-Laplacian equations
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Livrea Roberto , Marano Salvatore A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA short account of some recent existence, multiplicity, and uniqueness results for singularp-Laplacian problems either in bounded domains or in the whole space is performed, with a special attention to the case of convective reactions. An extensive bibliography is also provided.
Latin fieri and the Romance verb ‘to be’. Thoughts on the problem of “standard language bias” in historical reconstruction
Authors: Maiden Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study examines the history of reflexes of Latin fieri ‘become’ in Romance, focusing particularly on Romanian, where this verb provides the subjunctive and some other forms of the verb ‘be’. Contrary to general assumptions, I offer comparative-historical evidence from other Daco-Romance varieties and from other branches of Romance that, in the earliest Daco-Romance, fieri had a different paradigmatic distribution from that of modern Romanian, and that most (conceivably all) forms of the subjunctive of this verb are in origin present indicative forms, which probably still conserved into early Daco-Romance the meaning ‘to become’. I argue that these findings demonstrate how our understanding of the mechanisms of language change is liable to be distorted by a “standard language bias” whereby, in the process of linguistic reconstruction, structures most familiar to us from the standard languages are tacitly or explicitly assumed to be ‘basic’ and ‘normal’. In illustration of this claim I will also sketch some other examples from Romance languages of the undesirable effects of such bias, showing how it can lead to misunderstandings of the history of the standard languages themselves, as well as of the history of their cognate varieties.
Les scriptae de l’ancien Velay : essai de caractérisation
Authors: Surrel Vincent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to document the scriptae of the ancient Velay, a historical region belonging to the Northern Occitan linguistic space (Auvergne), which are not represented in the scriptological syntheses on Gallo-Romance. The critical updating of the inventory of texts produced in Velay, initiated by Pierre Nauton for his thesis published posthumously in 1974, allows us today to present the characteristic scriptological features of the written language of this area. Starting from the notion of contrastivity efficient in scriptology, we have in particular proceeded to the systematic comparison of lexemes and grammatical words of the Velay corpus with the lemmas of the DOM (Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval), which offers a minimal contrastive basis. From this, it is possible to highlight at least fifty-eight graphic, phonological and morphological features which are the clearest markers of the language of these texts. The results of this study are intended to place Velay in the linguistic historiography of the Gallo-Romance area in a historical perspective. The inventory of texts also provides evidence for a sociolinguistic history of the written varieties in North Occitan up to ca. 1600.
Accusativus cum Infinitivo y otras construcciones de infinitivo latinizante: caracterización sintáctica y uso en la literatura erasmiana doctrinal del siglo XVI
Authors: Del Rey Quesada Santiago 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the most important syntactic issues related to the imitative constructions of Latin Accusativus cum Infinitivo in Renaissance Spanish. I opt to subsume this label coming from Latin syntax under the more encompassing denomination of Latinising Infinitive, which refers to the use of infinitive constructions directly or indirectly inspired by syntactic schemes typical of classical, medieval or Renaissance Latin literature. Finally, some cases of Latinising Infinitive in a corpus of doctrinal prose written by 16th-century Erasmist authors are considered. The analysis aims to account for the difficulties of delimitation of the Latinising Infinitive in translated and non-translated texts, as well as to show that, in the consideration of syntactic Latinism, it is only possible to operate on a gradual conception that explains the existence of Latinisms with a more or less marked variational status within the domain of communicative distance.
The modal perfect: haya cantado and habré cantado in some varieties of modern Spanish
Authors: Azpiazu Susana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The numerous studies on the perfect compound form in Spanish lack a detailed analysis of the subjunctive and future forms (haya cantado and habré cantado), which under certain syntactic and pragmatic conditions are parallel to the indicative one, he cantado. Based on our knowledge of the Spanish indicative present perfect and its use in different Spanish-speaking areas, this paper deals with the distribution and functions of these two “modalised perfects” and their relationship with the corresponding simple forms (cantara and cantaría). The aim is to determine the extent to which these two pairs of forms are functionally and diatopically similar (or not) to the pair he cantado – canté. Our findings help us to better understand the functions of all simple and compound perfect forms in Spanish and their development in eight Spanish-speaking cities in Spain and the Americas.