bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialty care after transition to long‐term care in nursing home
Authors: Ulyte Agne , Mehrotra Ateev , Huskamp Haiden A. , Grabowski David C. , Barnett Michael L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing home residents face many barriers to accessing specialist physician outpatient care. However, little data exists on how specialty care use changes when individuals transition to a nursing home in the US.MethodsWe studied specialist outpatient visits for new long‐term care (LTC) residents within 1 year before and after their transition to nursing home residence using the Minimum Data Set v3.0 (MDS) and a 20% sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service claims in 2014–2018. To focus on residents requiring specialty care at baseline, we limited the cohort to residents with specialty care in the 13–24 months before LTC transition. We then measured the proportion of residents receiving at least one visit in the 12 months before the transition and the 12 months after the transition. We also examined subgroups of residents with a prior diagnosis likely requiring long‐term specialty care (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Finally, we examined whether there was continuity of care within the same specialty care provider.ResultsAmong 39,288 new LTC transitions identified in 2016–2017, 17,877 (45.5%) residents had a prior specialist visit 13–24 months before the transition. Among them, the proportion of residents with specialty visits decreased consistently in all specialties in the 12 months after the transition, ranging from a relative decrease of 14.4% for orthopedics to 67.9% for psychiatry. The relative decrease among patients with a diagnosis likely requiring specialty care ranged from 0.9% for neurology in patients with multiple sclerosis to 67.1% for psychiatry in patients with severe mental illness. Among residents who continued visiting a specialist, 78.9% saw the same provider as before the transition.ConclusionsThe use of specialty care falls significantly after patients transition to a nursing home. Further research is needed to understand what drives this drop in use and whether interventions, such as telemedicine can ameliorate potential barriers to specialty care.
Diet therapy in patients with rare diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Liu Xuehua , Chen Huifang , Zhong Yaping , Lee Tsorng‐Yeh , Han Wenxuan , Yu Dafang , Liu Huaxia , Ji Ji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis scoping review presents existing research evidence regarding diet therapy in patients with rare diseases (RDs).MethodsUsing the five‐stage scoping review framework proposed by Arksey, O'Malley and Levac, we searched the published literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Royal Society of Chemistry, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database and Wan Fang Database from January 2010 to November 2022. We selected diet therapy studies on 121 RDs, as categorised by the National Health Commission of China in 2018. Charts for research analysis were developed and used to categorise the data.ResultsWe ultimately included 34 diet therapy studies from 19 countries and territories for 10 RDs and 3 RD groups. RD diet therapy studies have mainly focused on inborn errors of metabolism (92.3%) and are common in Western countries. Most studies focused on diet therapy methods for RDs (44%). In addition, 29% of studies included diet therapy management, 15% included guidelines for diet therapy and 12% included the impact of diet therapy on patients.ConclusionsCurrent diet therapies for RDs lack specificity and present with limited characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope and depth of future research and explore evidence‐based recommendations and new diet therapies focused on patient needs and family support to provide a reference for improving the efficacy and safety of diet therapies for RDs.
Patient experiences of weight loss and eating after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Ansari Mariha , Serjeant Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn estimated 26% of men and 29% of women in the UK are living with obesity according to recent statistics. Bariatric surgery can induce significant weight loss and improve comorbidity status. However, previous studies highlight challenges in maintaining dietary changes and weight loss. This systematic review aimed to investigate patient experiences of weight loss and eating in the first 2 years following surgery, as well as provide clinical recommendations to support this group.MethodsEthical approval was granted by the University. A systematic search was conducted in four databases. Studies were selected according to the predefined eligibility criteria and methodological quality, assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. Data were extracted and analysed using a thematic synthesis method. Rigour was enhanced via use of a data extraction tool, a validated method for data synthesis, peer review and transparent reporting.ResultsIn total, 507 records were screened; nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The thematic synthesis yielded four, interlinked analytical themes based on the experiences of 154 patients: relationship with food, relationship with oneself, relationship with others and unfinished journey. Positive experiences were reported including development of healthy eating behaviours and significant weight loss, improving physical and psychosocial wellbeing. On the other hand, challenges in adjusting to life after surgery were also reported.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the need for personalised dietary advice, addressing the psychological aspects of eating. Support should be extended to the family. Ongoing psychological support must be incorporated in the postsurgery care pathway to help patients deal with the negative outcomes of surgery such as excess skin.
Overlap of activity patterns between leopards and their potential prey species in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Nakazawa N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe activities of predators and prey have been reported to influence each other. However, few studies have clarified when African leopards Panthera pardus are likely to encounter their prey. One reason for this is that the activity patterns of African forest mammals are poorly understood. Therefore, I aimed to clarify the activity patterns of leopards and their prey species by deploying camera traps on the ground and in trees in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. In total, 4468 camera days of camera traps set on the ground and 286 camera days of camera traps set in trees were analyzed. The overlap in activity patterns between leopards and their main prey species was calculated using coefficient Δ. At least seven leopards were identified in the study area. Leopards were active throughout the day, with crepuscular peaks at dawn and dusk. Blue duikers Philantomba monticola, the most consumed species in Mahale, were predominantly diurnal. The activity patterns of leopards moderately overlapped with those of blue duikers (Δ = 0.65). The activity patterns of leopards showed a moderate (Δ = 0.61) or low (Δ = 0.42) overlap with those of red‐tailed monkeys Cercopithecus ascanius when detections were captured by arboreal or terrestrial cameras, respectively. Mahale leopards may hunt blue duikers and arboreal primates in the midday on the ground, and may also attack primates in roost trees at night. Future studies on the leopard diet in various study areas, as well as comparisons of activity patterns between leopards and other animals, will elucidate leopard ecology.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor olorofim has potent in vitro activity against Microascus/Scopulariopsis, Rasamsonia, Penicillium and Talaromyces species
Authors: Wiederhold Nathan P. , Patterson Hoja P. , Sanders Carmita J. , Cañete‐Gibas Connie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options against infections caused by rare but emerging moulds may be limited by their reduced susceptibility or resistance to clinically available antifungals. The investigational antifungal olorofim, which targets the biosynthesis of pyrimidines within fungi, has activity against different species of filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus and Scedosporium/Lomentospora prolificans isolates that are resistant to available antifungals.ObjectiveWe evaluated the in vitro activity of olorofim against 160 isolates within the genera Microascus/Scopulariopsis, Penicillium, Talaromyces and the Rasamsonia argillacea species complex.MethodsOne hundred sixty clinical isolates that had previously been identified to the species level by DNA sequence analysis were included. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI M38 broth microdilution for olorofim, amphotericin B, caspofungin, posaconazole and voriconazole.ResultsOlorofim demonstrated in vitro activity against each of the genera tested. Overall, olorofim MICs ranged from ≤0.008 to 0.5 mg/L against all isolates tested, with MIC90 and modal MIC values ranging from ≤0.008 to 0.25 mg/L and ≤0.008 to 0.03 mg/L, respectively. This activity was also maintained against individual isolates that had reduced susceptibility to or in vitro resistance against amphotericin B, posaconazole and/or voriconazole.ConclusionsThe investigational agent olorofim demonstrated good in vitro activity against clinical isolates of emerging mould pathogens, including those with reduced susceptibility or resistance to clinically available antifungals. Further studies are warranted to determine how well this in vitro activity translates into in vivo efficacy against infections caused by these fungi.
Building coalitions on Facebook: ‘social media unionism’ among Danish bike couriers
Authors: Hau Mark F. , Savage Owen G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlatform work represents an important challenge for the ‘Danish model’ of unionisation. Using interviews and ethnographic data, this article analyses the strategies of the Danish grassroots union movement the Wolt Workers' Group, representing principally migrant couriers using the food‐delivery platform Wolt. This study is an attempt to map an emergent form of flexible labour organisation based on horizontal, informal online networks while supported in different ways by established unions. We term this strategy of balanced autonomy and support ‘social media unionism'. Wolt couriers' attempts at grassroots organisation via social media is an important and understudied issue, especially their complex relationship to union actors. The ‘social media unionism' explored in this article allows for the formation and maintenance of nimble grassroots mobilisation among workers that are otherwise hard for unions to reach, such as migrants platform workers. We argue that this strategy holds both great possibilities and challenges for the labour movement.
Loss of effectiveness with an implanted drug delivery system for intrathecal pain therapy due to corrosion
Authors: Reining Marco , Kretzschmar Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionIntrathecal drug delivery is an established invasive treatment option. Most common complication is catheter malfunction, which can lead to overdose or withdrawal.Case PresentationA 61‐year‐old female patient underwent an elective replacement of an intrathecal drug delivery pump. The patient complained about a loss of effectiveness over the past 2 years. Intraoperatively, a white mass corresponding to morphine precipitation in the pump pocket was found, which appeared to be due to corrosion at the pump‐catheter connection site.ConclusionsRecommendations on how to deal with the decreasing effectiveness of intrathecal drug delivery and on intraoperative catheter handling are provided.
Counterspeech
Authors: Cepollaro Bianca , Lepoutre Maxime , Simpson Robert Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCounterspeech is communication that tries to counteract potential harm brought about by other speech. Theoretical interest in counterspeech partly derives from a libertarian ideal – as captured in the claim that the solution to bad speech is more speech – and partly from a recognition that well‐meaning attempts to counteract harm through speech can easily misfire or backfire. Here we survey recent work on the question of what makes counterspeech effective at remedying or preventing harm, in those cases where it is effective, as well as work investigating when and why there is a duty to engage in counterspeech. We suggest that the most fruitful area for philosophical inquiry on this topic, currently, relates to the questions about efficacy. Specifically, we argue that there is a need for better frameworks for conceptualizing the efficacy of counterspeech. Philosophers have collaborative work to do, alongside social scientists, in developing these frameworks.
Prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among transgenders in Belagavi district, Karnataka, India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gadhiraju Tejaswi , Jalihal Sagar , Ankola Anil V. , Pai Khot Atrey J. , Tom Aleena , K Ram Surath Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the oral health practices and the prevalence of dental caries, and periodontal disease among transgenders.Methods and ResultsThe study was conducted on a sample of 180 participants from the transgender community in Belagavi district over a course of two months. A trained and calibrated examiners recorded oral health status according to WHO dentition status and treatment needs (1997) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) under the supervision of the subject expert. Chi‐square test, spearman's rank correlation coefficient test, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were applied. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05 for all the tests. The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among transgenders was 72.2% and 92.2%, respectively. A positive linear correlation and a significant relationship was found between the oral hygiene practices/deleterious habits and dental caries among the transgenders. Multiple linear regression model revealed that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was significantly associated with age and oral hygiene practices.ConclusionThe prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among transgenders was high. These results may be of use to promote oral health promotion and establishing a paradigm for dentists to work toward improving oral health.
Kant on Why Criminal Offenders Must Be Punished
Authors: Pickering Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKant gives what appear to be consequentialist and retributivist reasons for his claim that the state must punish criminal offenders. I argue that Kant's justification is retributivist and not consequentialist. In particular, I argue that Kant's justification is found in his argument that we must attribute to an offender's reason the judgment that she must be punished. I argue that other retributivist interpretations as well as interpretations that prioritize consequentialist reasons have little textual support. I also reconstruct an argument that Kant implies for his claim that ius talionis is the proper criterion for determining the quality and quantity of punishment.
Competitiveness and diversification of services exports in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Were Maureen , Odongo Maureen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrade in services has become the most dynamic segment of international trade. This paper examines the competitiveness of services exports in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2005–2019 using revealed comparative advantage approach. The analysis shows that although SSA has a comparative advantage in traditional services, that is travel and transport, it has remained less competitive compared to other regions globally, and its share of world services exports is negligible. Moreover, SSA has not developed competitiveness in modern commercial services and, hence, continue to perform poorly. The results suggest only Nigeria and Kenya have so far developed comparative advantage in financial services. SSA's dismal performance of services exports can be attributed to various factors such as technological and infrastructure constraints, protectionist and regulatory barriers. There is need to rethink strategies of revamping and diversifying services esports to spur Africa's trade and economic transformation. These include leveraging the opportunities availed by the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Unexploited opportunities include Africa's rich cultural diversity, recreation, business and conferencing services.
The foreign aid and remittance nexus: Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Abbas Syed Ali , Selvanathan Eliyathamby A. , Selvanathan Saroja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA large body of literature has examined the determinants and impact of two external financial flows: foreign aid and remittances. Little, however, is known about the interlinking of the two flows, especially in South Asia. This study, using panel data from four South Asian countries for 1980–2015, examines the relationship between foreign aid and remittances and their links. Contrary to the traditional linear relationship reported in the literature, we find a quadratic (U‐shaped) relationship between foreign aid and remittances. The results show that remittances initially fall when aid increases at the lower level of aid‐dependency (aid‐to‐GDP); they then increase with rising aid at a higher aid‐dependency level. The empirical findings also suggest that foreign aid's support of human capital increases remittances overall. Furthermore, we find that the foreign aid‐led human‐capital channel of migration (particularly of skilled people) reduces remittances, while the aid‐led human‐capital channel of economic growth increases remittance flows in South Asia. Moreover, the dynamic modelling estimation suggests that foreign aid positively affects (or complements) remittance flows in the short run but, in the long run, negatively affects remittances, indicating the substitutability of the two flows.
The impacts of export VAT rebates on market switch and productivity: Firm‐level evidence from China
Authors: Gao Yu , He Yin , Yin Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent heterogeneous firm literature has revised the basic assumptions of constant marginal costs; markets may thus be complements or substitutes. Using Chinese firm‐level data for 1998–2007, our study utilises the 2004 export tax rebate (ETR) cut as a quasi‐natural experiment to demonstrate how the domestic market may be a fall back for exporters when they encounter exogenous negative export shocks, leading to market‐switching behaviour and higher domestic sales. The market‐switching behaviour significantly intensifies the competition in the domestic market in the affected industries. This crowds out sales of non‐exporters and drives up the probability of market exit of non‐exporters. Consequentially, non‐exporters in industries affected by the negative export shock may enjoy a significantly larger productivity gain compared with their counterparts in other industries, as well as exporters in the same industries. Thus, the negative shocks to the export market result in an indirect pro‐competitive productivity gain for non‐exporters.
Study on the Influence of Tripping Operation on Annular Transient Surge-Swab Pressure of Herschel–Bulkley Fluid
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xiang Shilin , Liu Shujie , Luo Ming , Wu Jiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The accurate prediction of transient surge-swab pressure, during the tripping operation under a narrow pressure window, is an important premise to ensure the safety of tripping operation and drilling. Different rheological modes of drilling fluid will have a great influence on the surge-swab pressure in wellbore, while the Herschel–Bulkley mode can simulate the rheological characteristics of actual drilling fluid in a better way. Therefore, the influence of drilling fluid flow friction under different rheological modes was mainly considered according to the transient flow model. Meanwhile, the influence of pumpage on transient surge-swab pressure during tripping operation was also considered with Herschel–Bulkley fluid-based tripping operation bottomhole transient surge-swab pressure calculation model established and model verification carried out. The following research results were obtained. First, compared with the Herschel–Bulkley mode, the power-law mode and Bingham mode will overestimate the flow friction of drilling fluid. Second, the surge-swab pressure peak values of different mud systems are water-based mud &gt; polymer mud &gt; oil-based mud. Third, the peak value of bottomhole transient surge-swab pressure increases with the increase of drilling fluid yield value, consistency coefficient, and flow behavior index, and the influence law is similar. Fourth, the tripping velocity and pumpage will directly affect the peak value and variation rule of bottomhole transient surge-swab pressure. Herschel–Bulkley fluid-based tripping operation bottomhole transient surge-swab pressure study helps control the surge-swab pressure during tripping operations and it is of great significance for lean, safe, and efficient drilling in narrow pressure window formations.
Investigation of a Newly Developed Slotted Bladed Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: A Numerical and Response Surface Methodology Analysis
Authors: Sarkar Dipankar , Shukla Shivam , Alom Nur , Sharma Prabhakar , Bora Bhaskor J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the past few years, wind energy became the most reliable and clean energy source throughout the world. This research broadly has focused on the 2D design of the conventional (without slot) wind turbine blades as well as slotted airfoil blades for places having a low power density of wind. For vertical axis wind turbines, optimum airfoil design plays a vital role in the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. To get better aerodynamic efficiency, a feasible airfoil criterion of selection, played an important role in the chosen blade design. In this paper, the conventional NACA0018 profile without slots and slotted airfoil profile is selected for measuring the turbine blade performance. The geometry of the computational domain has been created using the solid works software and the computational investigation has been performed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver ansys fluent 2020 R2 with the help of the shear stress transport (SST k–ω) turbulence model. The simulations are conducted initially with base airfoil and then varying the different structures of slots. After introducing slots in the base airfoil, efficiency was increased in terms of lift coefficient (Cl) and power coefficient (Cp) by 2.32% and 17.94%, respectively at the angle of attack of 15 deg. The results indicate that slotted airfoils have a better lift coefficient and power coefficient compared to an airfoil without a slot. The best turbine operating parameters were found to be 14.82 deg of angle of attack, 1.73 coefficient of lift, and 2.99 tip speed ratio (TSR) by using the response surface methodology (RSM). At these optimal settings, the best Cp response was 0.406. A field experiment was carried out to verify the modeling-optimization outcomes, and the results were within 7% of the model projected results. Thus, this type of slotted airfoil designed for a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) can be used to harness wind energy potential more efficiently.