bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal-invasive anterior approach to the hip provides a better surgery-related and early postoperative functional outcome than conventional lateral approach after hip hemiarthroplasty following femoral neck fractures
Authors: Orth M. , Osche D. , Mörsdorf P. , Holstein J. H. , Rollmann M. F. , Fritz T. , Pohlemann T. , Pizanis A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Femoral neck fractures (FNF) are one of the most frequent fractures among elderly patients and commonly require surgical treatment. Bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty (BHHA) is mostly performed in these cases.

Material and methods
In the present retrospective study geriatric patients with FNF (n = 100) treated either by anterior minimal-invasive surgery (AMIS; n = 50) or lateral conventional surgery (LCS; n = 50) were characterized (age at the time of surgery, sex, health status/ASA score, walking distance and need for walking aids before the injury) and intraoperative parameters (duration of surgery, blood loss, complications), as well as postoperative functional performance early (duration of in-patient stay, radiological leg length discrepancy, ability to full weight-bearing, mobilization with walking aids) and 12 months (radiological signs of sintering, clinical parameters, complication rate) after surgery were analyzed.

Results
Patients in the AMIS group demonstrated a reduced blood loss intraoperatively, while the duration of surgery and complication rates did not differ between the two groups. Further, more patients in the AMIS group achieved full weight-bearing of the injured leg and were able to walk with a rollator or less support during their in-patient stay. Of interest, patients in the AMIS group achieved this level of mobility earlier than those of the LCS group, although their walking distance before the acute injury was reduced. Moreover, patients of the AMIS group showed equal leg lengths postoperatively more often than patients of the LCS group. No significant differences in functional and surgery-related performance could be observed between AMIS and LCS group at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, geriatric patients treated by AMIS experience less surgery-related strain and recover faster in the early postoperative phase compared to LCS after displaced FNF. Hence, AMIS should be recommended for BHHA in these vulnerable patients.
23Na chemical shift imaging in the living rat brain using a chemical shift agent, Tm[DOTP]5–
Authors: Bajwa Awais A , Neubauer Andreas , Schwerter Michael , Schilling Lothar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
It is well known that the use of shift reagents (SRs) in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies is substantially limited by an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB). The current study aims to develop a method enabling chemical shift imaging in the living rat brain under physiological conditions using an SR, Tm[DOTP]5−.

Materials and methods
Hyperosmotic mannitol bolus injection followed by 60 min infusion of a Tm[DOTP]5− containing solution was administered via a catheter inserted into an internal carotid artery. We monitored the homeostasis of physiological parameters, and we measured the thulium content in brain tissue post mortem using total reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (T-XRF). The alterations of the 23Na resonance spectrum were followed in a 9.4T small animal scanner.

Results
Based on the T-XRF measurements, the thulium concentration was estimated at 2.3 ± 1.8 mM in the brain interstitial space. Spectroscopic imaging showed a split of the 23Na resonance peak which became visible 20 min after starting the infusion. Chemical shift imaging revealed a significant decrease of the initial intensity level to 0.915 ± 0.058 at the end of infusion.

Conclusion
Our novel protocol showed bulk accumulation of Tm[DOTP]5− thus enabling separation of the extra-/intracellular 23Na signal components in the living rat brain while maintaining physiological homeostasis.
Female participation or “feminization” of medicine
Authors: Steiner-Hofbauer Verena , Katz Henri W. , Grundnig Julia S. , Holzinger Anita 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMore and more women chose medicine as their profession. Female students and graduates outnumber their male colleagues in Austria and the EU. However, the career paths of men and women differ after a certain point, and more and more female talent is lost along the career stages. Women hold only 30% of professor positions at state medical universities in Austria and only 11.9% of all chief physicians are female. Motherhood and related absence is the main career obstacle, but gender bias and missing role models are also factors hindering women to thrive. Improved working conditions would be beneficial for all members of the medical profession. Future generations (Generation Y, Generation Z) will likely expedite changes toward a better work-life balance and claim the right to find fulfillment besides work. Compatibility of family and work and the chance to individualize career paths could be important factors for employers to find and bind their employees. Additionally, (gender) diverse teams improve the group process and collective intelligence. Therefore, patient care and innovation can only benefit from a diverse medical workforce.
Little Evidence to Support the Risk–Disturbance Hypothesis as an Explanation for Responses to Anthropogenic Noise by Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella niveiventris) at a Tourism site in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Hawkins Emilie , Papworth Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe risk–disturbance hypothesis states that animals react to human stressors in the same way as they do to natural predators. Given increasing human–wildlife contact, understanding whether animals perceive anthropogenic sounds as a threat is important for assessing the long-term sustainability of wildlife tourism and proposing appropriate mitigation strategies. A study of pygmy marmoset (Cebuella niveiventris) responses to human speech found marmosets fled, decreased feeding and resting, and increased alert behaviors in response to human speech. Following this study, we investigated pygmy marmoset reactions to playbacks of different acoustic stimuli: controls (no playback, white noise and cicadas), anthropogenic noise (human speech and motorboats), and avian predators. For each playback condition, we recorded the behavior of a marmoset and looked at how the behaviors changed during and after the playback relative to behaviors before. We repeated this on ten different marmoset groups, playing each condition once to each group. The results did not replicate a previous study on the same species, at the same site, demonstrating the importance of replication in primate research, particularly when results are used to inform conservation policy. The results showed increased scanning during playbacks of the cicadas and predators compared with before the playback, and an increase in resting after playbacks of avian predators, but no evidence of behavior change in response to playbacks of human speech. There was no effect of ambient sound levels or distance between the playback source and focal animals on their behavior for all playback conditions. Although we find that noise can change the behavior of pygmy marmosets, we did not find evidence to support the risk–disturbance hypothesis.
Does Happiness Increase in Old Age? Longitudinal Evidence from 20 European Countries
Authors: Becker Christoph K. , Trautmann Stefan T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral studies indicate that happiness follows a U-shape over the life cycle: Happiness decreases after the teenage years until reaching its nadir in middle age. A similar number of studies views the U-shape critically, stating that it is the result of the wrong controls or the wrong model. In this paper, we study the upward-pointing branch of the U-shape, tracing the happiness of European citizens 50 and older over multiple waves. Consistent with a U-shape around middle age, we find that happiness initially increases after the age of 50, but commonly stagnates afterwards and eventually reverts at high age. This pattern is generally observed irrespective of the utilized happiness measure, control variables, estimation methods, and the consideration of selection effects due to mortality. However, the strength of this pattern depends on the utilized happiness measure, control variables, and on mortality effects. The general pattern does not emerge for all countries, and is not always observed for women.
Treatment and labeling of silica sand for obtaining a prospective solid 99mTc radiotracer
Authors: Montesino Luis Enrique Llanes , Corrales Yuri Aguilera , Páez Ahmed Díaz , Mazola Yuniel Tejeda , Catasús Judith Domínguez , Portela Jorge Borroto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPretreated silica sand labeling using varying concentrations of tin(II) fluoride and chloride as reducing agents and different times labeling was performed in order to develop a methodology for labeling silica sand with 99mTc for using as solid radiotracer. Influence of different sand pretreatment parameters on the sorption yield (Rret%) was statistically evaluated. The effectiveness of the methods used to reduce pertechnetate (99mTcO4−) by ascending paper chromatography was confirmed. Results show relatively high values of 99mTc sorption yields on silica sand. It was possible to establish a methodology for obtaining solid 99mTc labeled radiotracers in support of silica sand.
A qualitative study to explore the symptoms and impacts of Crohn’s disease and to develop the Crohn’s Disease Diary
Authors: Williams-Hall Rebecca , Trennery Claire , Sully Kate , Wratten Samantha , Francis Anya , Chandler Dale , Flynn Jessica , Turner Megan , Marks Daniel J. B. , Sackeyfio Alfred , Bracher Marguerite , Walker Alex , Walker-Nthenda Louise , Arbuckle Rob , Keeley Tom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore symptoms and disease impacts of Crohn’s disease and to develop a new patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measure according to industry best practices.

Methods
A conceptual model of relevant symptoms experienced by patients with Crohn’s disease was developed following a literature review. Three rounds of combined qualitative semi-structured concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews with 36 patients (≥ 16 years) with Crohn’s disease and 4 clinicians were conducted to further explore the most commonly reported and most bothersome symptoms to patients. Interview results were used to update the conceptual model as well as items and response options included in The Crohn’s Disease Diary, a new PRO measure.

Results
All patients (N = 36) reported abdominal pain, loose or liquid bowel movements, and high or increased frequency of bowel movements, with most reporting these symptoms spontaneously (100%, 92%, and 75%, respectively). All patients reported bowel movement urgency, but 61% reported this symptom only when probed. Most also reported that symptoms impacted activities of daily living, work/school, and emotional, social, and physical functioning (overall, 78%–100%; spontaneously, 79% – 92%). Data regarding core symptoms of Crohn’s disease from clinician concept elicitation interviews supported patient data. The 17-item Crohn’s Disease Diary assesses core symptoms and impacts of Crohn’s disease over 24 h, and extraintestinal manifestations over 7 days. The content validity of the diary was confirmed during cognitive debriefing interviews.

Conclusion
The Crohn’s Disease Diary is a new PRO measure for the assessment of Crohn’s disease symptoms and impacts, developed according to industry best practices.
CASSIA (cardiology software suite for image analysis): a potential new tool for the evaluation of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the setting of infective endocarditis
Authors: Palomino-Fernández David , Gómez-Grande Adolfo , Fernández-Igarza Mirene , Pilkington Patrick , Seiffert Alexander P. , Bueno Héctor , Gómez Enrique J. , Sánchez-González Patricia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Due to the high morbidity and mortality of infective endocarditis (IE), medical imaging techniques are combined to ensure a correct diagnosis. [18F]FDG PET/CT has demonstrated the ability to improve diagnostic accuracy compared with the conventional modified Duke criteria in patients with suspected IE, especially those with prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE). The aim of this study is to provide an adjunctive diagnostic tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy in cardiovascular infections, specifically PVIE.

Methods
A segmentation tool to extract quantitative measures of [18F]FDG PET/CT image studies of prosthetic heart valve regions was developed and validated in 20 cases of suspected PVIE, of which 9 were confirmed. For that, Valvular Heterogeneity Index (VHI) and Ring-to-Center Ratio (RCR) were defined.

Results
Results show an overall increase in the metabolic uptake of the prosthetic valve ring in the studies with confirmed PVIE diagnosis (SUVmax from 1.70 to 3.20; SUVmean from 0.86 to 1.50). The VHI and RCR showed areas under the curve of 0.727 and 0.808 in the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, respectively, for PVIE diagnosis. Mann–Whitney U tests showed statistically significant differences between groups for RCR (p = 0.02). Visual analyses and clinical reports were concordant with the extracted quantitative metrics.

Conclusion
The proposed new method and presented software solution (CASSIA) provide the capability to assess quantitatively myocardial metabolism along the prosthetic valve region in routine [18F]FDG PET/CT scans for evaluating heart valve infectious processes. VHI and RCR are proposed as new potential adjunctive measures for PVIE diagnosis.
Algebraic reasoning in years 5 and 6: classifying its emergence and progression using reverse fraction tasks
Authors: Pearn Catherine , Stephens Max , Pierce Robyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper builds on our previous research and investigates how students’ fractional competence and reasoning can provide clear evidence of non-symbolic algebraic thinking and its progressive transition towards fully generalised algebraic thinking. In a large-scale study, 470 primary students completed a written paper and pencil test. This included three reverse fraction tasks which required students to find an unknown whole when presented with a quantity representing a fraction of that whole. Seventeen students from one participating primary school undertook a semi-structured interview which included reverse fraction tasks, similar to those on the written test, but with progressive levels of abstraction, starting with particular instances and becoming more generalised. Two important products of the study are the Classification Framework for Reverse Fraction Tasks and the Emerging Algebraic Reasoning Framework. The interview results highlight two critical transition points for the emergence of students’ algebraic reasoning. The first is the ability to transition from additive strategies to multiplicative strategies to solve reverse fraction problems. Students reliant on diagrams and additive strategies struggled to solve more generalised tasks that required multiplicative rather than additive strategies. The second transition is the shift from multiplicative thinking to algebraic reasoning where students could generalise their multiplicative knowledge to deal with any quantity represented in a reverse fraction task.
Outgrowth Endothelial Cell Conditioned Medium Negates TNF-α-Evoked Cerebral Barrier Damage: A Reverse Translational Research to Explore Mechanisms
Authors: Kadir Rais Reskiawan A. , Alwjwaj Mansour , Rakkar Kamini , Othman Othman Ahmad , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M. , Bayraktutan Ulvi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImproved understanding of the key mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemic injury is essential for the discovery of efficacious novel therapeutics for stroke. Through detailed analysis of plasma samples obtained from a large number of healthy volunteers (n = 90) and ischemic stroke patients (n = 81), the current study found significant elevations in the levels of TNF-α at baseline (within the first 48 h of stroke) and on days 7, 30, 90 after ischaemic stroke. It then assessed the impact of this inflammatory cytokine on an invitro model of human blood–brain barrier (BBB) and revealed dramatic impairments in both barrier integrity and function, the main cause of early death after an ischemic stroke. Co-treatment of BBB models in similar experiments with outgrowth endothelial cell-derived conditioned media (OEC-CM) negated the deleterious effects of TNF-α on BBB. Effective suppression of anti-angiogenic factor endostatin, stress fiber formation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis along with concomitant improvements in extracellular matrix adhesive and tubulogenic properties of brain microvascular endothelial cells and OECs played an important role in OEC-CM-mediated benefits. Significant increases in pro-angiogenic endothelin-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in OEC-CM compared to the secretomes of OEC and HBMEC, detected by proteome profiling assay, accentuate the beneficial effects of OEC-CM. In conclusion, this reverse translational study identifies TNF-α as an important mediator of post-ischemic cerebral barrier damage and proposes OEC-CM as a potential vasculoprotective therapeutic strategy by demonstrating its ability to regulate a wide range of mechanisms associated with BBB function. Clinical trial registration NCT02980354.
Graphical Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and radiation resistance in rectal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a potential target for precision medicine
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Tseng Tzu-Ting , Tsai Hung-Pei , Kuo Shih-Hsun , Huang Ming-Yii , Wang Jaw-Yuan , Chai Chee-Yin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSerine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type-1 (SPINK1), a trypsin kinase inhibitor, is known to be associated with inflammation and pathogenesis. The aim in this study was to demonstrate the clinicopathological role and progression of SPINK1 in rectal cancer (RC) patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Immunohistochemical staining for SPINK1 protein expression in 111 RC cases revealed high SPINK1 expression was significantly associated with perineural invasion and poor CCRT response in pre-CCRT specimens. In addition, multivariable analyses showed that pre-CCRT SPINK1 expression was a significant prognostic marker of both overall and disease-free survival in RC patients receiving pre-operative CCRT; furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated SPINK1 interacted with EGFR to promote the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion attenuated by SPINK1 si-RNA via ERK, p38, and JNK pathways. SPINK1 was also found to regulate radio-resistance in CRC cell lines. In conclusion, SPINK1 expression is an independent prognostic marker in patients receiving pre-operative CCRT, and SPINK1 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion via EGFR-downstream ERK, p38 and JNK pathways. The phenotypes of radiosensitivity that could be reversed with attenuation of SPINK1 levels suggest that targeting SPINK1 might offer a strategy for optimal precision medicine.
A preliminary experimental investigation on the biotribocorrosion of a metal-on-polyethylene hip prosthesis in a hip simulator
Authors: Yang Shu , Pu Jian , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhang Yali , Cui Wen , Xie Fengbao , Lu Weiping , Tan Qin , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCorrosion at the taper/trunnion interface of total hip replacement (THR) often results in severe complications. However, the underlying mechanisms of biotribocorrosion at the taper/trunnion interface during the long-term walking gait cycles remain to be fully understood. In this study, a hip joint simulator was therefore instrumented with an electrochemical cell for in-situ monitoring of the tribocorrosion evolution in a metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THR during a typical long-term walking gait. In addition, the biotribocorrosion mechanism was investigated via surface and chemical characterizations. The experimental results confirmed that the taper/trunnion interface dominated the contemporary MoP hip joint corrosion. Three cyclic variations in the open circuit potential (OCP) were observed throughout the long-term electrochemical measurements, attributed to the formation and disruption of the adsorbed protein layer. The corrosion exhibited an initial increase at each period, peaking at approximately 0.125 million cycles, followed by a subsequent gradual reduction. Surface and chemical analyses revealed the formation of a tribochemical reaction layer (tribolayer) on the worn surface of the taper/trunnion interface. The surface/chemical characterizations and the electrochemical measurements indicated that the adhesion force of the adsorbed protein layer was weaker than that of the tribolayer. In contrast, the opposite was true for the corrosion resistance. Based on the observations from this study, the tribocorrosion mechanism of the taper/trunnion interface under the long-term walking gait cycles is deduced.
Effects of lasers on titanium dental implant surfaces: a narrative review
Authors: Fenelon Thomas , Bakr Mahmoud , Walsh Laurence J. , George Roy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the many treatment modalities offered to prevent or manage peri-implantitis, there is currently a lack of high-quality evidence that supports any approach being regarded as a gold standard. Given that methods such as hand scaling with metal instruments and ultrasonic scaling may damage the implant surfaces, it is important to identify methods that are inherently safe for the surface being treated, and this is where interest in the use of lasers as alternative or adjunctive methods has arisen. This article provides a summary of the different types of lasers that can be used for the management and prevention of peri-implantitis. It also presents novel results from our research team related to the profile and surface characteristics of implants after treatment with different laser types and using different laser parameters. This review looks at the factors that should be considered when using lasers for the management or prevention of peri-implantitis. In conclusion, it is extremely difficult to formulate a reliable comparison between the available studies in the literature due to the high variability in laser types, settings and techniques used in each study. The review highlights the need for standardised studies in this field in order to provide recommendations to clinicians that would allow a more predictable treatment outcome.
Schilddrüse und SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zettinig Georg 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungEs gibt verschiedene Wechselwirkungen zwischen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und der Schilddrüse, bidirektional in beide Richtungen: Bei einer schweren COVID-19-Infektion sind Veränderungen der Schilddrüsenhormonspiegel ein Marker für eine schlechtere Prognose. SARS-CoV‑2 scheint sowohl direkt mit Thyreozyten zu interagieren als auch das Immunsystem zu modulieren und Immunthyreopathien triggern zu können. Bereits 2020 wurde die „SARS-CoV-2-assoziierte Thyreoiditis“ bei Patienten mit COVID-19 beschrieben, die ähnlich einer subakuten Thyreoiditis verläuft, allerdings typischerweise schmerzlos. Es gibt inzwischen verschiedenste Berichte über das Auftreten einer chronischen Immunthyreoiditis und eines Morbus Basedow sowohl nach Virusinfektion als auch nach Impfung. Eine bestehende Schilddrüsenerkrankung scheint weder mit einem höheren Risiko für eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion noch mit einem schwereren Krankheitsverlauf assoziiert zu sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der derzeitige Wissensstand bezüglich Schilddrüse und SARS-CoV‑2 zusammengefasst.