bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High frequency UV–Vis sensors estimate error in riverine dissolved organic carbon load estimates from grab sampling
Authors: Ritson J. P. , Kennedy-Blundell O. , Croft J. , Templeton M. R. , Hawkins C. E. , Clark J. M. , Evans M. G. , Brazier R. E. , Smith D. , Graham N. J. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh frequency ultraviolet – visible (UV–VIS) sensors offer a way of improving dissolved organic carbon (DOC) load estimates in rivers as they can be calibrated to DOC concentration. This is an improvement on periodic grab sampling, or the use of pumped sampling systems which store samples in-field before collection. We hypothesised that the move to high frequency measurements would increase the load estimate based on grab sampling due to systemic under-sampling of high flows. To test our hypotheses, we calibrated two sensors in contrasting catchments (Exe and Bow Brook, UK) against weekly grab sampled DOC measurements and then created an hourly time series of DOC for the two sites. Taking this measurement as a ‘true’ value of DOC load, we simulated 1,000 grab sampling campaigns at weekly, fortnightly and monthly frequency to understand the likely distribution of load and error estimates. We also performed an analysis of daily grab samples collected using a pumped storage sampling system with weekly collection. Our results show that: a) grab sampling systemically underestimates DOC loads and gives positively skewed distributions of results, b) this under-estimation and positive skew decreases with increasing sampling frequency, c) commonly used estimates of error in the load value are also systemically lowered by the oversampling of low, stable flows due to their dependence on the variance in the flow-weighted mean concentration, and d) that pumped storage systems may lead to under-estimation of DOC and over estimation of specific ultra-violet absorbance (SUVA), a proxy for aromaticity, due to biodegradation during storage.
Crater-rim collapse at Stromboli volcano: understanding the mechanisms leading from the failure of hot rocks to the development of glowing avalanches
Authors: Di Traglia Federico , Borselli Lorenzo , Nolesini Teresa , Casagli Nicola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe failures of volcanic crater-rims frequently lead to the development of avalanches of glowing rocks, a hybrid phenomenon between rock avalanches and pyroclastic density currents, reaching considerable distances from the eruptive centres and therefore be a serious threat for inhabited areas. The collapse conditions have been here taken in to account by means of slope stability analysis using a Limit Equilibrium Method analysis on the crater-rim of Stromboli volcano (Italy). A Stromboli, crater-rim collapses occurred frequently (at least seven events in the last two decades) and were always associated with high-level of magma within the conduits, testified by the increased eruptive activity and ground-deformation. The more frequent/intense eruptive activity produced a greater accumulation of volcaniclastic material, whereas the high level of magma increased magmastatic thrust on the deposits. Volcaniclastic material was modelled by combining the nonlinear failure envelopes as the Generalized Hoek and Brown criterion, with the addition of the failure's envelope of the rockfill-like material described by the Barton-Kjaernsli criterion, taking into consideration the presence of discontinuities within proximal, partially welded, volcaniclastic masses. In addition to the lithological and morphological characteristics of the crater terrace rim and the magmatic thrust, the effects of the explosions in terms of seismic ground acceleration and disturbance factor (D) of the volcaniclastic material were also considered here. While the ground acceleration compatible with the explosive activity of Stromboli has little influence on the stability of the crater terrace rims, the increase in D increases the proneness for failure.
Genetic Variation Among Tropical Maize Inbred Lines from NARS and CGIAR Breeding Programs
Authors: Ayesiga Stella Bigirwa , Rubaihayo Patrick , Oloka Bonny Michael , Dramadri Isaac Onziga , Edema Richard , Sserumaga Julius Pyton 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of molecular markers allows for precise estimates of genetic diversity, which is an important parameter that enables breeders to select parental lines and designing breeding systems. We assessed the level of genetic diversity and population structure in a panel of 151 tropical maize inbred lines using 10,940 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers generated through the DArTseq genotyping platform. The average gene diversity was 0.39 with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.00 to 0.84, and a mean of 0.02. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 97% of allelic diversity was attributed to individual inbred lines within the populations while only 3% was distributed among the populations. Both neighbor-joining clustering and STRUCTURE analysis classified the inbred lines into four major groups. The crosses that involve inbred lines from most divergent subgroups are expected to generate maximum heterosis and produce wide variation. The results will be beneficial for breeders to better understand and exploit the genetic diversity available in the set of maize inbred lines we studied.
Performance analysis of inter-satellite round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Malaney Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the vision of global-scale unconditional information security becomes gradually realized, the importance of inter-satellite quantum communications has been rapidly increasing. The recently proposed round-robin differential-phase-shift (RRDPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has attracted much attention not only due to its potential high error tolerance, but also due to its distinct feature that the information leakage can be bounded without monitoring signal disturbances. Despite many existing implementations over fiber-optic channels, the feasibility of RRDPS QKD over an inter-satellite channel is still unknown. Moreover, despite the current advances in orbital angular momentum (OAM) encoding and temporal mode (TM) encoding, most of the existing studies on RRDPS QKD are restricted to time-bin encoding. In this work, we remedy this situation by exploring the feasibility of performing RRDPS QKD using OAM encoding and TM encoding over an inter-satellite channel. Our results indicate that OAM encoding is preferable to time-bin encoding only under the circumstances where a low dimension and a large receiver aperture are used. However, we find that TM encoding is the best encoding scheme in RRDPS QKD over an inter-satellite channel. In particular, we show that TM encoding not only leads to the best performance and the largest feasible parameter range, but also, for the first time, enables all the theoretically available advantages of an increased dimension to be realized in the context of RRDPS QKD.
Quantum tomography of entangled qubits by time-resolved single-photon counting with time-continuous measurements
Authors: Czerwinski Artur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a framework for entanglement characterization by time-resolved single-photon counting with measurement operators defined in the time domain. For a quantum system with unitary dynamics, we generate time-continuous measurements by shifting from the Schrödinger picture to the Heisenberg representation. In particular, we discuss this approach in reference to photonic tomography. To make the measurement scheme realistic, we impose timing uncertainty on photon counts along with the Poisson noise. Then, the framework is tested numerically on quantum tomography of qubits. Next, we investigate the accuracy of the model for polarization-entangled photon pairs. Entanglement detection and precision of state reconstruction are quantified by figures of merit and presented on graphs versus the amount of time uncertainty.
From satisfaction to happiness in the co-creation of value: the role of moral emotions in the Spanish tourism sector
Authors: Robina-Ramírez Rafael , Leal-Solís Ana , Medina-Merodio José Amelio , Estriegana-Valdehita Rosa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe search for happiness, understood as an inner and personal attitude that goes beyond mere satisfaction, is one of the aims of tourists’ co-creation of value. To date, few studies have analysed the importance of people’s moral principles in the co-creation of tourist value. Moral emotions play an essential role in this process. In this study, 12 tourism managers within administration, 28 hotel managers and 24 travel agencies actively participated in defining the indicators selected to measure how the co-creation of value from five Spanish towns affected customers’ happiness. Moreover, 444 tourists participated in the study. The PLS-SEM technique was used to examine the data obtained. Results show that the co-creation of value contributes to the happiness of the tourist. Of particular significance is the influence of customers’ co-creation of value on customer happiness. Additionally, the predictive capacity of the model is replicable to other tourist destinations.
The trajectory of the “Možno ja X?” construction: variation in speech acts of request in contemporary Russian
Authors: Zhamaletdinova Elmira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractI explore the ongoing language change in which the impersonal modal word možno ‘can, be possible’ takes a personal clause (možno + nom) as its complement instead of the Experiencer in the Dative case (možno + dat) and the infinitival clause in the speech act of request in Contemporary Russian. The corpus-based evidence reveals that the construction možno + dat is gradually being replaced by možno + nom. I discuss various syntactic and pragmatic factors such as verb class, aspect, transitivity and politeness strategies that motivate the choice of a specific modal construction. Methods of statistical modelling, used to sort out the most significant factors contributing to the choice of construction, show that the most important factor is the date of creation of the text. I propose a scenario for the development of the možno + nom construction. First, možno began to be used as a tag-question after both infinitive and personal clauses. The requester marked by the Dative has been steadily replaced by the more agentive Subject in the Nominative case. Then, by analogy with the možno + dat construction, možno was placed at the beginning of the sentence and was reanalyzed as a constructional unit with the following structure: možno + finite clause, in which možno functions as a sentence adverb.
Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation Via Neural Message Passing
Authors: Brasó Guillem , Cetintas Orcun , Leal-Taixé Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraphs offer a natural way to formulate Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) and Multiple Object Tracking and Segmentation (MOTS) within the tracking-by-detection paradigm. However, they also introduce a major challenge for learning methods, as defining a model that can operate on such structured domain is not trivial. In this work, we exploit the classical network flow formulation of MOT to define a fully differentiable framework based on Message Passing Networks. By operating directly on the graph domain, our method can reason globally over an entire set of detections and exploit contextual features. It then jointly predicts both final solutions for the data association problem and segmentation masks for all objects in the scene while exploiting synergies between the two tasks. We achieve state-of-the-art results for both tracking and segmentation in several publicly available datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/ocetintas/MPNTrackSeg
Coupled effect of water absorption and ion transport in hydrated latex anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Zhou Yu Ren , Effendy Surya , Zhu Juner , Petr Michael T. , Cwalina Colin D. , Bazant Martin Z. , Yildiz Bilge , Li Ju , Short Michael P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater-based anti-corrosion coatings, which are environmentally-friendly replacements for organic solvent-based coatings, do not perform well enough for use in the most challenging corrosion environments. The high water absorption capacity of water-based latex films may reduce barrier performance by contributing to corrosive reactant/product transport. We seek to understand the coupled effects of water absorption and ion transport in hydrated latex films, and to propose mechanisms explaining these effects. Water absorption and ion transport in films immersed in deionized (DI) water were monitored by mass gain and electrical conductivity measurements, respectively. Despite very similar polymer compositions between films, large differences in water absorption and ion transport rates were observed and explained by percolating networks at latex particle boundaries which facilitate transport. A semi-continuum model with three-component diffusion and convection-like elastic relaxation supported the assumptions of the physical mechanisms governing water absorption and ion transport. The evidence of the coupled processes of water absorption and ion transport in hydrated latex films revealed in this study are useful for designing water-based coatings that provide high levels of corrosion resistance.
The effect of relational status on perceptions of gay disparaging humor
Authors: Weitz Bastian , Koc Yasin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA lot of popular comedians are known for their transgressive humor towards social groups, but disparagement humor is not just restricted to stages or media performances. We encounter it everywhere or perhaps use it ourselves. In this paper, we were interested in how people react to disparaging jokes (i.e., homophobic jokes) across different relational settings. Adapting Fiske’s relational models theory, we examined how status differences in relationships affect the perception of and cognition about socially disparaging jokes. In Study 1 (N = 77), we piloted seven potentially disparaging jokes about gay men in relation to how they are perceived. In Study 2 (N = 288), using one joke from Study 1, we constructed vignettes manipulating the sexual orientation of the source of the joke in the dyad (i.e., heterosexual, gay, both heterosexual) and their status differences across relational models (i.e., high, equal, and low status). We found that the joke was perceived to be less funny, more offensive, and more morally wrong, and to contain more harm intent if it came from a heterosexual person rather than a gay person. Study 3 (N = 197) used concrete status differences in relationships in terms of existing intergroup dimensions. Results showed that the joke was perceived as more offensive, less acceptable and more morally wrong when it came from a high authority source (e.g., professor rather than a student). Overall, these findings bring the first evidence to link disparagement humor with relational models and show the importance status differences in the perception of disparagement humor.
The global mining industry: corporate profile, complexity, and change
Authors: Hodge R. Anthony , Ericsson Magnus , Löf Olof , Löf Anton , Semkowich Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe continuation and increasing importance of mining is inevitable as society embraces both the transition to a low-carbon economy and application of circular economy concepts. However, across many parts of society, there is an ongoing sense that those who are carrying many of the costs and risks related to mining particularly over the long term (often host communities and countries) are not seeing a level of benefit that seems fair. In contrast, there is frustration within the industry that mining is not being given due credit for the importance of its role in contemporary society by those who would criticize industry practices. Over the past several decades, dozens of initiatives aimed at strengthening mining’s social and environmental performance have been mounted from both within and outside the industry. These generally depend on a “leadership-trickle-down” change model. While progress has been achieved, the society-industry trust deficit continues. The global mining community comprises a corporate core and a complex range of other surrounding interests. We suggest that some key questions regarding the nature of this community and its appetite and capacity for change have not been explored thus impeding the effectiveness of change management. We offer (1) an estimate of the number of companies that lie at the core of the global mining community: some 25,000 operating in about 140 countries (using data from the mid-2010s); (2) a profile of these companies as an initial step towards understanding the “culture” of the global mining community; and (3) a listing of additional complexities and observations important to bringing global-wide improvement to mining’s social and environmental performance. We argue that building on work to date, a fresh approach is required. We are calling for a dialog to reflect on the ideas presented here, refine them as appropriate, and develop the needed strategies and action plans. Such a process must build from a comprehensive understanding of the global mining community and its culture. It must be collaborative in nature and involve not only the range of mining companies but also with surrounding interests and governments. If this is not done, the change that is needed to align actions of all mining actors with social values will not occur and the trust deficit will remain.
Perspectives on exploration and extraction of seafloor massive sulfide deposits in Norwegian waters
Authors: Bang Rasmus Noss , Trellevik Lars-Kristian Lunde 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a stochastic dynamic simulation model for exploration and extraction of seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mineral deposits on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). The model is developed based on selected industry knowledge, expectations, and perceptions elicited through a participatory systems mapping session with 82 participants and 20 in-depth interviews with experts from industry, academia, and the public policy sector. Using the model, we simulate the expected ranges of resource- and economic potential. The simulation results indicate an expected commercial resource base of 1.8 to 3 million tons of copper, zinc, and cobalt, in which copper makes out the most significant part. Relating to the expected commercial resource base, we highlight a discrepancy between academic and industrial expectations, in which the academic expectations are more conservative than the industrial expectations. The corresponding net present values lie in the range of a net present loss of 970 million USD up to a net present gain of 2.53 billion USD, in which the academic expectations are projected to yield a negative net present value, while the industrial expectations are projected to yield a positive net present value. Closer investigation of the results reveals that one of the main challenges regarding SMS exploration and extraction is the initial exploration costs associated with coring operations. These costs are expected to be high with today’s exploration technology. Moreover, they occur relatively early in time compared to revenue-generating activity, which has a significant negative impact on the net present value of the industry due to discounting. Thus, a key focus of the industry should be to find ways to reduce the costs associated with coring operations and/or the time it takes from initial exploration to extraction and generation of revenue.
A Review of Nonaqueous Electrolytes, Binders, and Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xing Jiale , Bliznakov Stoyan , Bonville Leonard , Oljaca Miodrag , Maric Radenka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most important electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost. During the past decades, many review papers outlining the advantages of state-of-the-art LIBs have been published, and extensive efforts have been devoted to improving their specific energy density and cycle life performance. These papers are primarily focused on the design and development of various advanced cathode and anode electrode materials, with less attention given to the other important components of the battery. The “nonelectroconductive” components are of equal importance to electrode active materials and can significantly affect the performance of LIBs. They could directly impact the capacity, safety, charging time, and cycle life of batteries and thus affect their commercial application. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of nonaqueous electrolytes, binders, and separators for LIBs and discusses their impact on the battery performance. In addition, the challenges and perspectives for future development of LIBs are discussed, and new avenues for state-of-the-art LIBs to reach their full potential for a wide range of practical applications are outlined.
Graphic Abstract
Preparing for online interviews during Covid-19: the intricacies of technology and online human interaction
Authors: Samuk Carignani Şahizer , Burchi Sandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow can we guarantee that “extracting data” is realised most respectfully and reciprocally online? How can we receive the most relevant responses from the interviewee in online interviews? These questions have been even more pertinent during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate how the preparation of the research process that involves online interviews with highly skilled Italians abroad, functions when a group of social scientists come together, and take decisions on criteria and modality of virtual fieldwork. The intricacies of the online interviews are numerous. Yet, there is a research gap regarding the details of the process of conducting them. We find that the periods before, during and after online interviews indicate a whole learning process, which is neglected in the current literature. Hence, we argue that organisation, use of time, density of the themes, mindfulness, synchronisation and handling of sensitive issues are the main tenets of the art of doing online interviews. In this paper, we explore and explain each aspect, also in a chronological manner, benefiting from the previous literature and contributing to research with our anthropological and sociological insights about using technology whilst conducting online interviews with highly skilled Italians abroad.