bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of molecular methods for plasma detection of EGFR mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Kyunghoon , Lim Sangeun , Lee Yun‐Gyoo , Kim Haejeung , Lee Seungjun , Yu Hui‐Jin , Park Hyosoon , Kwon Min‐Jung , Woo Hee‐Yeon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are detected in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated with responses to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We compared the analytical performances of two real‐time PCRs and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect EGFR mutations using plasma.MethodsPlasma EGFR tests were performed using 86 plasma samples from 75 prospectively enrolled NSCLC patients with early and advanced stages. Analytical performances of plasma‐using two real‐time PCR, Cobas EGFR mutation v2 and PANAMutyper, EGFR kit, and ddPCR were evaluated based on the tissue EGFR test results. The frequencies of EGFR mutations and acquired T790M mutation after TKI therapy were also assessed.ResultsThe incidence of all EGFR mutations was 52.3% (23/44) in tissue and was up to 43.2% (19/44) in plasma. The Cobas detection rates of three EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletions, L858R, and T790M) in plasma were similar to those in tissue. The Cobas showed a higher detection rate (76.7%) than that by the PANAMutyper (60.5%). Sensitivity for T790M mutation was lower than the sensitivity for the exon 19 deletions or L858R in both tests. Mutant allele frequency measured by ddPCR was significantly correlated with the semi‐quantitative values of the Cobas.ConclusionsPlasma EGFR tests showed similar detection rates for common EGFR mutations compared to the tissue EGFR tests. Cobas showed higher sensitivity in detection of EGFR mutations in body fluids than the PANAMutyper. Real‐time PCR using plasma or body fluids could be a suitable first test for the detection of EGFR mutations.
Evaluation of a mainstream genetic testing program for women with ovarian or breast cancer
Authors: Ip Emilia , Young Alison Luk , Scheinberg Tahlia , Harrison Michelle , Beale Philip , Goodwin Annabel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionMainstream genetic testing refers to genetic testing arranged by a patient's treating specialist. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review a Sydney‐based ovarian cancer mainstream genetic testing program.MethodsA Cancer Genetics Service (CGS)‐supported mainstream genetic testing program was commenced in 2015. The CGS provided training, paperwork and ongoing and adaptable advice regarding appropriate genes for testing and interpretation of results. Written and electronic medical records were reviewed until August 2019 to assess patient and family history characteristics, genetic testing eligibility, results and posttest management for women who had testing coordinated via mainstreaming or by the CGS.ResultsGenetic testing was arranged for 289 women with ovarian cancer. Prior to 2017, 44% of genetic tests were mainstreamed, compared with 76% of tests from 2017 onwards. CGS was more likely to arrange testing for women with a strong family history of cancer and nonserous pathology. Germline pathogenic variants were detected in 13.7% (19/138) of women who had mainstream testing and 20.3% (14/69) of women tested by the CGS. Referral for posttest counseling occurred for pathogenic variant carriers identified through mainstreaming.ConclusionThis study demonstrated successful uptake of a mainstream ovarian cancer genetic testing program by medical oncologists, as evidenced by higher proportion and absolute numbers of eligible ovarian cancer patients accessing genetic testing through this pathway over time. The genetic testing criteria were appropriately assessed by oncologists and posttest referral occurred where required.
Molecular characteristics of young‐onset colorectal cancer in Vietnamese patients
Authors: Do Minh Duc , Nguyen Thinh Huu , Le Khuong Thai , Le Linh Hoang Gia , Nguyen Bac Hoang , Le Kien Trung , Doan Thao Phuong Thi , Ho Chuong Quoc , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Tran Tuan Diep , Vu Hoang Anh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer globally. Understanding the genetic characteristics of CRC is essential for appropriate treatment and genetic counseling.MethodsThe genetic profile of CRC tumor tissues was identified using next‐generation sequencing of 17 target genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, APC, SMAD4, BMPR1A, MUTYH, STK11, PTEN, TP53, ATM, CDH1, CHEK2, POLE, and POLD1) in a cohort of 101 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with young‐onset CRC. Corresponding germline genetic alterations of determined somatic mutations were subsequently confirmed from patients’ blood samples.ResultsSomatic mutations were determined in 96 out of 101 CRC patients. Two‐thirds of the tumors harbored more than two mutations, and the most prevalent mutated genes were TP53 and APC. Among confirmed germline mutations, 10 pathogenic mutations and 11 variants of unknown significance were identified.ConclusionsGiven the burden of CRC and the gradually reducing cost of genetic testing, multigene panel screening can benefit young‐onset CRC patients as well as their relatives.
Social Justice and the Hebrew Prophets
Authors: Houston Walter J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article shows how prophetic writings of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible condemn social injustice in their context and how they offer unfulfilled visions of social justice. It also argues for their relevance to modern society. Selected passages from the books of Amos and Isaiah, together with shorter quotations from Micah and Jeremiah, are presented in translation with comments drawing out their meaning both for their original context and for modern Western capitalist society. Attention is drawn to the rhetoric of the prophets as contesting the rhetoric of the oppressors and unmasking their lies and misleading descriptions. Highly diverse visions of the just society are shown to raise questions of implementation that the prophets do not address. It is pointed out that the general biblical view, shared by the prophets, that conduct, good or bad, always receives its appropriate reward, does not seem to correspond to experience. The conclusion is that the value of the prophetic writings lies simply in their encouragement to respond to inhumanity with moral outrage, and to maintain evocative images of the just society.
Historical Consciousness, Part II: Responding to Racism, Ecological Threats, and the Fragmentation of Modern Universities
Authors: Cobb John B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a previous article, I examined the nature of historical consciousness. In this article, I apply it to three social issues: racism, ecological crisis, and higher education. Since the methods of historical consciousness are already in use, the aim here is not to introduce a new approach. My purpose is to make readers conscious of what they might normally do and why they are doing it. If a society fails to highlight and make explicit the methods it uses to solve the challenges it faces, the transfer of relevant skills will decline over several generations. Modern society has already reached the stage at which scientism has displaced a balance between timeless scientific rationality and historical consciousness in our approach to social issues. Without historical perspective to provide a narrative structure to the findings of science, society is likely to act in ways that are counterproductive. Unless citizens have a personal sense of participation in the stream of historical events, the knowledge they gain from science is not likely to be useful in guiding the direction of society.
HPV+ HNSCC‐derived exosomal miR‐9‐5p inhibits TGF‐β signaling‐mediated fibroblast phenotypic transformation through NOX4
Authors: Wang Bozhi , Zhang Siwei , Tong Fangjia , Wang Yan , Wei Lanlan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HPV+ HNSCC patients have a higher survival rate, which may be related to its unique tumor microenvironment. Exosomes are emerging as a communication tool between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, including cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In this study, 111 clinical samples tissues and public sequencing data were analyzed. Our study found fewer CAFs infiltrated in HPV+ HNSCC, and poor CAF infiltration level was associated with a good prognosis. HPV+ HNSCC cell‐derived exosomes can significantly reduce the phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts. miR‐9‐5p, as a miRNA enriched in HPV+ HNSCC cell‐derived exosomes, can be transferred to fibroblasts. miR‐9‐5p mimic transfection decreased the expression of NOX4 and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibited the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF‐β1)‐induced increase of αSMA levels. Therefore, these results indicated that HPV+ HNSCC‐derived exosomal miR‐9‐5p inhibits TGF‐β signaling‐mediated fibroblast phenotypic transformation through NOX4, which is related to the excellent prognosis of HPV patients.
Aberrant expression of claudin‐6 contributes to malignant potentials and drug resistance of cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ito Yui , Takasawa Akira , Takasawa Kumi , Murakami Taro , Akimoto Taishi , Kyuno Daisuke , Kawata Yuka , Shano Kodai , Kirisawa Kurara , Ota Misaki , Aoyama Tomoyuki , Murata Masaki , Sugimoto Kotaro , Chiba Hideki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Osanai Makoto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that aberrant expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins is a hallmark of various solid tumors and it is recognized as a useful therapeutic target. Claudin‐6 (CLDN6), a member of the family of TJ transmembrane proteins, is an ideal therapeutic target because it is not expressed in human adult normal tissues. In this study, we found that CLDN6 is highly expressed in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) and that high CLDN6 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular infiltration and was an independent prognostic factor. Shotgun proteome analysis revealed that cell‐cell adhesion‐related proteins and drug metabolism‐associated proteins (aldo‐keto reductase [AKR] family proteins) were significantly increased in CLDN6‐overexpressing cells. Furthermore, overexpression of CLDN6 enhanced cell‐cell adhesion properties and attenuated sensitivity to anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and cisplatin. Taken together, the results indicate that aberrant expression of CLDN6 enhances malignant potentials and drug resistance of cervical ADC, possibly due to increased cell‐cell adhesion properties and drug metabolism. Our findings provide an insight into a new therapeutic strategy, a CLDN6‐targeting therapy, against cervical ADC.
S1‐guideline atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS)
Authors: Helbig Doris , Ziemer Mirjana , Dippel Edgar , Erdmann Michael , Hillen Uwe , Leiter Ulrike , Mentzel Thomas , Osterhoff Georg , Ugurel Selma , Utikal Jochen , von Bubnoff Dagmar , Weishaupt Carsten , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAtypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) are rare cutaneous neoplasms representing histomorphological, genetic as well as epigenetic variants of a disease spectrum. Both tumors typically manifest as nonspecific, often ulcerated, skin‐ to flesh‐colored nodules in chronically sun‐damaged skin of elderly male patients. AFX is a rather well demarcated, often rapidly growing tumor. PDS tumors are poorly circumscribed and are characterized by aggressive infiltrative growth. Fast as well as slow growth behavior has been reported for both tumors. Histologically, both are composed of spindle‐shaped and epithelioid tumor cells with pleomorphic nuclei as well as atypical multinucleated giant cells. Atypical mitoses are common. In contrast to AFX, PDS involves relevant parts of the subcutis and shows areas of tumor necrosis and/or perineural infiltration. Due to the poorly differentiated nature of AFX/PDS (Grade 3), histopathologically similar cutaneous sarcomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, melanomas and other diseases have to be excluded by immunohistochemical analysis.The treatment of choice is micrographically controlled surgery. In cases of AFX, a cure can be assumed after complete excision. Local recurrence rates are low as long as PDS tumors are surgically removed with a safety margin of 2 cm. Metastasis is rare and mostly associated with very thick or incompletely excised tumors; it mainly affects the skin and lymph nodes. Distant metastasis is even more rare. No approved and effective systemic therapy has been established.
Rousseau's silence on trans‐Atlantic slavery: Philosophical implications
Authors: Christman John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor Jean‐Jacques Rousseau, freedom functions as a foundational value for his entire political philosophy. Parallel to this emphasis is his deep and abiding condemnation of “slavery”, at least the slavery that he claims marked the social existence of his European contemporaries living under unrepresentative monarchical systems. However, the striking aspect of Rousseau's work is his virtually complete silence concerning the institution of chattel slavery of his day. Despite his ubiquitous condemnation of the “slavery” of his “civilized” contemporaries, Rousseau wrote next to nothing about the actual enslavement of millions of people who pervaded the social landscape of the European–African–American triangle in the 18th century. In this paper, I trace out the various passages in Rousseau that could be seen as touching on the subject of contemporary slavery practices and show how very scant they were. I also discuss his views on the relation between climate, character, and persons' fitness for democratic forms of government (and hence freedom). I combine these points to draw particular lessons about the dangers of neglect and exclusion inherent in Rousseau's views of democratic freedom, suggesting how similar dangers lurk for contemporary visions of democracy inspired by his views.
Genomic selection signatures in farmed Colossoma macropomum from tropical and subtropical regions in South America
Authors: Agudelo John Fredy Gómez , Mastrochirico‐Filho Vito Antonio , Borges Carolina Heloisa de Souza , Ariede Raquel Belini , Lira Lieschen Valeria Guerra , Neto Rubens Ricardo de Oliveira , de Freitas Milena Vieira , Sucerquia Gustavo Adolfo Lenis , Vera Manuel , Berrocal Milthon Honorio Muñoz , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTambaqui or cachama (Colossoma macropomum) is one of the most important neotropical freshwater fish used for aquaculture in South America, and its production is concentrated at low latitudes (close to the Equator, 0°), where the water temperature is warm. Therefore, understanding how selection shapes genetic variations and structure in farmed populations is of paramount importance in evolutionary biology. High‐throughput sequencing to generate genome‐wide data for fish species allows for elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to local or farmed conditions and uncovering genes that control the phenotypes of interest. The present study aimed to detect genomic selection signatures and analyze the genetic variability in farmed populations of tambaqui in South America using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained with double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Initially, 199 samples of tambaqui farmed populations from different locations (located in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru), a wild population (Amazon River, Brazil), and the base population of a breeding program (Aquaculture Center, CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) were genotyped. Observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.231–0.350 and 0.288–0.360, respectively. Significant genetic differentiation was observed using global FST analyses of SNP loci (FST = 0.064, p < 0.050). Farmed populations from Colombia and Peru that differentiated from the Brazilian populations formed distinct groups. Several regions, particularly those harboring the genes of significance to aquaculture, were identified to be under positive selection, suggesting local adaptation to stress under different farming conditions and management practices. Studies aimed at improving the knowledge of genomics of tambaqui farmed populations are essential for aquaculture to gain deeper insights into the evolutionary history of these fish and provide resources for the establishment of breeding programs.
Improving hand gestures recognition capabilities by ensembling convolutional networks
Authors: Bousbai Khalil , Morales‐Sánchez Juan , Merah Mostefa , Sancho‐Gómez José‐Luis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHand gestures provide humans a convenient way to interact with computers and many applications. However, factors such as the complexity of hand gesture models, differences in hand size and position, and other factors can affect the performance of the recognition and classification algorithms. Some developments of deep learning such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and capsule networks (CapsNets) have been proposed to improve the performance of image recognition systems in this particular field. While CNNs are undoubtedly the most widely used networks for object detection and image classification, CapsNets emerged to solve part of the limitations of the former. For this reason, in this work a particular ensemble of both networks is proposed to solve the American Sign Language recognition problem very effectively. The method is based on increasing diversity in both the model and the dataset. The results obtained show that the proposed ensemble model together with a simple data augmentation process produces a very competitive accuracy performance with the all considered datasets.
The US Blue New Deal: What does it mean for just transitions, sustainability, and resilience of the blue economy?
Authors: Axon Stephen , Bertana Amanda , Graziano Marcello , Cross Emma , Smith Allie , Axon Kayleigh , Wakefield Alysia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ocean and coasts are largely absent from the ‘Green New Deal’ proposal. In response to the limited attention paid to the sustainability and equitable governance approaches of the blue economy, a US ‘Blue New Deal’ has been proposed aiming to protect the health of the ocean and support coastal communities' adaptation to climate change. The Blue New Deal emerged as a central policy proposal from 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren to enhance the role of the blue economy while simultaneously addressing the climate crisis. Through a just transitions analysis, this article evaluates the proposal for a US Blue New Deal — as designed by Senator Elizabeth Warren — that would be applied towards enhancing socioeconomic resiliency, environmental justice, and addressing social inequities. As part of a critical policy analysis evaluating the areas of focus Warren's Blue New Deal presents, environmental justice and sustainability are central to the success of managing, and enhancing the role of, the blue economy. The challenges facing the Blue New Deal reflect a ‘one size fits all’ federal approach that has implications for addressing multifaceted obstacles in key sectors of the blue economy, its governance, and tackling interconnected crises that exacerbate socioeconomic inequities and vulnerabilities of marginalised coastal communities. This article proposes a blue justice framework for the Blue New Deal that seeks to address the tensions and contradictions that exist in its current form and indicates how a comprehensive policy framework can enhance the sustainability and equitable involvement of the blue economy.
Oral frailty and carriage of oral Candida in community‐dwelling older adults (Check‐up to discover Health with Energy for senior Residents in Iwamizawa; CHEER Iwamizawa)
Authors: Baba Haruhisa , Watanabe Yutaka , Miura Kazuhito , Ozaki Kimiya , Matsushita Takae , Kondoh Miyako , Okada Kazutaka , Hasebe Akira , Ayabe Tokiyoshi , Nakamura Kiminori , Nakaoka Shinji , Ogasawara Katsuhiko , Suzuki Teppei , Saito Hiroshi , Kimura Takashi , Tamakoshi Akiko , Yamazaki Yutaka 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the association between oral frailty and oral Candida carriage as a general indicator of deteriorating oral function in older adults.BackgroundOlder adults exhibit an elevated risk of oral candidiasis caused by Candida. Although many studies have identified factors associated with oral Candida carriage, none have evaluated its relationship with oral function.Materials and MethodsThis study included 210 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years who participated in wellness checks. Fungal flora expression in saliva samples was evaluated to identify oral C. albicans and C. glabrata. Participants were categorised by detection of neither strain (group 1), either one of the strains (group 2), or both strains (group 3). The relationship between oral Candida carriage and oral frailty was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe participants included 58 men and 152 women with a mean age of 74.2 ± 6.1 years. A total of 88 (41.9%), 94 (44.8%) and 28 (13.3%) participants were assigned to groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, significant associations were observed between group 1 and group 2 for “Have you choked on your tea or soup recently?” and the number of applicable oral frailty items. Between group 1 and group 3, significant associations were observed for the number of remaining teeth, masticatory performance and the number of applicable oral frailty items.ConclusionWe obtained basic data useful for intervention studies aimed at verifying whether oral function management prevents deterioration of the oral bacterial flora.
The impact of COVID‐19 on HIV testing in the UK’s first Fast‐Track HIV city
Authors: Wenlock Rhys D , Shillingford Chante , Mear John , Churchill Duncan , Vera Jaime H. , Dean Gillian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on HIV testing in Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom.MethodsAll HIV tests performed in Brighton and Hove from January 2016 to June 2021 were extracted, de‐duplicated and anonymized. Analysis was performed to compare the monthly numbers of tests and diagnoses before and during the pandemic across different services.ResultsThe number of patients having tests for HIV in sexual health services (SHS) decreased by 64% in April 2020, followed by a recovery to baseline levels by the start of 2021. Similarly, the monthly number of diagnoses decreased drastically after April 2020, with almost half of diagnoses made by SHS in 2020 occurring in the three pre‐pandemic months of the year. ‘Self‐sampling’, used more by women and younger patients, has contributed significantly to the recovery.The number of patients tested in secondary care was seemingly unaffected by the pandemic. However, testing numbers were reduced in specialist services, whereas in the emergency department (ED) testing increased four‐fold (most notably in the elderly) without finding any cases.General practice saw decreases in both the number of HIV tests performed and the number of new diagnoses made, which had not returned to baseline by June 2021.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a large impact on the number of HIV tests performed in Brighton and Hove with sizeable decreases in the number of patients tested likely leading to ‘missed’ diagnoses. By June 2021 testing had still not returned to normal across the city.