bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of teff (Eragrostis tef) genetic resources to support breeding for conventional and smallholder farming: a review
Authors: Woldeyohannes Aemiro Bezabih , Desta Ermias Abate , Fadda Carlo , Pè Mario Enrico , Dell’Acqua Matteo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrop germplasm collections are a key asset to support the resilience and productivity of cropping systems worldwide. In their diversity lays an oftentimes untapped reservoir of alleles that may enable breeding strategies targeting local adaptation, resulting in enhanced performance and higher varietal uptake. In the past five decades, the national genebank of Ethiopia actively collected and conserved thousands of teff (Eragrostis tef) accessions, a staple crop throughout the Horn of Africa at the basis of countless cultural uses and with high market relevance. This review article emphasizes the breeding significance of teff genetic resources, highlighting current challenges in teff farming and improvement that could be addressed further valorising germplasm collections. We collect data generated on the largest teff ex situ collections in the world to discuss opportunities to improve teff tolerance to stress and lodging, as well as to increase its productivity across its cropping area. In doing so, we highlight and critically revise current and past literature tapping in teff diversity to support teff improvement. This review starts providing a summary of teff characteristics, detailing the status and challenges of teff cultivation and breeding. It then follows describing the diversity existing in teff diversity collections and its relevance for teff improvement. The review concludes describing the molecular studies undertook on teff in the past two decades, highlighting the perspectives of molecular breeding for teff. The body of knowledge available on teff shows that there is large potential for improvement of this crop to target smallholder farming systems as well as international markets, and that improvement may start from the large diversity available in teff collections.
3D magnetic characterization of the Aimorés structure (Brazil) aiming to identify interpretation elements under cover: Impact crater or circular intrusion?
Authors: de Oliveira Maria José Campos , Melo Aline Tavares , Vasconcelos Marcos Alberto Rodrigues 
Published: May 2022

The Aimorés intrusive complex (AIC), located in the Araçuaí belt (Brazil), has been characterized for many years as the Aimorés Impact Crater due to its topographic features, such as the circular morphology and the ring-shaped rim. Detailed geologic mapping finds a zoned igneous intrusion composed of granite and charnockite rocks in the outer rims, whereas the central part of the structure is covered by overburden. In the absence of direct evidence under the center of the structure, uncertainty remains and there is ambiguity about the geologic interpretation of the area. For this reason, we have used magnetic data to investigate the AIC structure in the subsurface. We explore the different possibilities of geologic scenarios for this region, namely, a pluton with eroded center, a zoned intrusion, a simple impact crater, and a complex impact crater through a synthetic study. Our synthetic tests revealed zoned intrusion and simple impact crater as possible geologic scenarios. Then, in the next stage, we characterize the AIC in three dimensions to unveil the subsurface geometry of the magnetic rocks. The inverted model found the geometry of a high susceptibility ring-shaped body that extends at 4 km depth, pointing to a circular zoned intrusion as the more likely interpretation. Our study has revealed two new geologic features in the study area: (1) the presence of two distinct zones under the central depression cover of the AIC and (2) a new zoned body at southeast of the AIC, which has not been mapped previously because of the overburden. We find the efficacy of using magnetic data for mapping postcollisional intrusions potentially associated with lithium mineralization in subsurface.
Pathologic Characteristics of Patients in the Kamuzu Central Hospital Lymphoma Study (2013-2019)
Authors: Dewey Morgan , Lilly Amy , Painschab Matthew , Tomoka Tamiwe , Fedoriw Yuri 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE We evaluated the concordance of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) diagnoses made initially at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) with a limited immunohistochemistry panel and telepathology consultation with University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and second review at UNC with an extensive immunohistochemistry panel available. METHODS The prospective KCH Lymphoma Study in Lilongwe has been enrolling patients with LPDs since 2013. Diagnoses are made by pathologists in Malawi and supported by US pathologists and Malawian clinicians at weekly telepathology conferences. Diagnostic tissue blocks are sent quarterly to UNC for secondary review and further confirmatory studies. Concordance of diagnosis from primary to secondary review was scored as: exact match (level 1), differences in granularity of the diagnosis (level 2), a change in classification but not in treatment (level 3), and a change to the diagnosis that would have altered the treatment course (Major Discordance). Cases with insufficient tissue for review at UNC were excluded from concordance evaluation. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-eight adult patients were enrolled (June 2013-May 2019). Three hundred twenty-seven tissue blocks were sent to UNC for review and 292 LPDs diagnostic samples had sufficient quality for concordance review. The five most common LPDs were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 143, 49%), Burkitt lymphoma (9%, n = 25, 8%), classical Hodgkin lymphoma (8%, n = 23), Multicentric Castleman disease (8%, n = 23), and low grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6%, n = 17). Level 1, 2 and 3 concordance represented 175 (60%), 49 (17%) and 50 (17%) cases, respectively, and a Major Discordance was identified in 18 cases (6%). CONCLUSION With a limited, selected immunohistochemistry panel and telepathology consultation, 94% of cases were accurately classified in real-time, leading to appropriate therapy. The evaluation of concordance provides a measure of quality assurance of the telepathology program, confidence in diagnoses for involvement in interventional trials, and useful data for understanding the epidemiology of LPDs in Malawi.
Characterizing Geospatial Access and Potential Barriers for Women Presenting With Breast Concerns to Bugando Medical Center in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Friebel-Klingner Tara , Joo Emma , Kirahi Matagoro , Masalu Nestory , Washington Leonard , Rositch Anne 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE In Tanzania, high breast cancer morbidity and mortality can be attributed in part to delays due to poor access to comprehensive cancer services. Bugando Medical Center (BMC) is one of four tertiary care hospitals in Tanzania. We aimed to describe the catchment area and potential barriers to access for women presenting to BMC with breast concerns. METHODS This prospective cohort included women presenting to BMC between September 2019 and January 2021. Patients were geocoded to residential regions and a presentation rate (PR) for each region was calculated using the number of presenting patients per at-risk female population. The main travel route from each region's referral hospital to BMC was determined using Google maps. We used descriptive statistics to depict geospatial, demographic, and clinical variables. RESULTS The catchment area included 10.5 million women from eight regions in the Lake Zone of Tanzania. We studied 547 patients aged 18-87 (mean: 44.3), 35% (n = 196) had health insurance, and mean PR was 5.26 per 100,000 women (range: 2.01-13.86). Median distance to BMC was 121 km (IQR: 3-247) and 18% of patients likely required a ferry. As distance increased, PR tended to decrease. PRs were lower for three regions where a ferry was indicated for travel (2.01, 2.32 and 3.06). There were 151 (28%) patients diagnosed with breast cancer, with a mean breast cancer PR of 1.45 per 100,000 women (range: 0.64-3.12). The proportion of breast cancers diagnosed increased with increasing travel distance. Additionally, 51 (26%) breast cancer patients were lost to follow up without any treatment. CONCLUSION BMC has a large geographic catchment area comprised of eight regions, all with low breast cancer PR. Our findings indicate that burdensome geographic access to cancer care, lack of health insurance, and lost to follow-up, are likely contributing to the high breast cancer mortality in Tanzania.
Stronger Together Toolkit: An Open Resource to Implement Evidence-Based Peer-to-Peer Support Programs for Cancer Patients Globally
Authors: Taylor Carolyn , Cabanes Anna , Le Phuongthao , Afifi Sarah 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE The global burden of cancer falls heavily on low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there are critical gaps in the provision of supportive care. Initiatives to translate effective, resource-appropriate preventions and clinical treatments in LMICs have been gathering pace, yet few examples exist to guide the translation of interventions that address the high unmet psychosocial needs among cancer patients. To address this gap, we have recently published a theory-based cultural adaptation of this peer mentoring program to the context of Viet Nam ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34365524/ ). To increase access to evidence-based supportive cancer care, building on our prior work we have developed a toolkit which provides guidance for the implementation of a culturally appropriate and resource adaptable, peer-to-peer support program. METHODS A multidisciplinary team of cancer experts and advocates employed a multi-step process to develop a virtual toolkit to guide the implementation of a peer-to-peer support program that coordinates with oncology centers to train and supervise cancer survivor-volunteers to assist cancer patients and their families better understand and navigate their treatment. RESULTS The “Stronger Together Toolkit” (STT) is an open-source, self-guided peer support program that allows for the provision of cultural and resource adaptation. STT includes six modules which use resources such as videos, slides, and worksheets, to define the intervention, engage and communicate with stakeholders, assess for readiness and plan for implementation, train program coordinators and peer mentors, evaluate training and implementation, create policies and procedures for different contexts, and identify opportunities for sustainable funding. CONCLUSION STT can be used to increase access to supportive cancer care in a way that ensures that the program and activities are acceptable and appropriate to the culture, health system, and resources of the local community and setting. In addition, the STT can be adapted to introduce peer to peer support across additional disease platforms.
Exploring Barriers and Facilitators for Cervical Cancer Screening in Iquitos, Peru: Application of the COM-B Behavior Model to Inform Program Implementation
Authors: Correa-Mendez Margarita , Paz-Soldan Valerie , Blechter Batel , Gravitt Patti E. , Rositch Anne F. , Meza Graciela 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Cervical cancer is the second cause of death among Peruvian women. In Iquitos, Proyecto Precancer engages key stakeholders to develop interventions that address women's needs and prevent cervical cancer. Successful prevention programs rely on behavior change interventions that must be supported by a theoretical understanding of the behavior. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior (COM-B) model informs what must be modified for a behavior change intervention to be effective. METHODS A cervical cancer prevention focused Knowledge-Attitudes-Practices (KAP) survey was administered in 2017 to women ages 18-65 years living in Iquitos, Peru using census-based random sampling. To identify context-specific barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening in Iquitos, we mapped KAP survey data onto key themes in the COM-B model. RESULTS Out of 619 women, 67.9% had been screened for cervical cancer at least once. Facilitators to screening-seeking behaviors were having the knowledge about cervical cancer (80.5% of women), partner support (74.8%), attending a health post (79.5%) and receiving information from a health post (63.6%). Among women not previously screened, fear was the primary barrier (41.7%). Perceived risk of cervical cancer was high (79.1%) but experiencing symptoms as a reason to seek screening remains a common misconception (36%). CONCLUSION Behavior change interventions must address the sources of fear and raise awareness about seeking cervical cancer screening prior to symptom development. Focusing on health posts and partners as key facilitators could help improve the outcomes of programs implemented by Proyecto Precancer in Iquitos.
Training for Primary Care Providers: Case Study From Rwandan Cervical Cancer Educate, Screen, and Treat (EST) Program
Authors: Weber Callie , Graef Katy , Hagenimana Marc , Mwiza Elisabeth , Kuteesa Justine , Uwamariya Therese , Broadwin Cassandra , Davidson Heather , Rutagengwa William 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Cervical cancer screening, triage, and treatment programs are expanding across Rwanda's districts. Screening for cervical cancer is needed at the local level, but health center nurses and midwives in the Bugesera district have not received formalized training. METHODS The RBC-BVGH Cervical Cancer Educate, Screen, and Treat (EST) Program introduced services in Bugesera district for the first time. In 4-week EST campaign (September 6-October 1], 4,013 women were screened for HPV, 2,056 for VIA, 282 received same-day TA, nine were treated with LEEP at Nyamata DH, and 26 were referred to a Kigali tertiary hospital (Rwanda Military Hospital; RMH) with suspected cervical cancer. Prior to launch of services, providers from 16 health facilities received training (52 nurses/midwives, 17 data managers, 15 lab technicians). The quality and sustainability impact of the training was determined through a pre- and post- course theory assessment (N = 52) and a post-EST survey (N = 15). On the post-EST survey, providers self-ranked their skill confidence across each service before vs. after the campaign on 5-point Likert scale (1 = low and 5 = high). RESULTS Following the training program, participants' cervical and breast cancer assessment scores increased by an average of 949% and 405% respectively ( P < .001). The participants' self-reported confidence in the following techniques also increased: HPV sample collection (206%), visual inspection with acetic acid (187%), thermal ablation (205%), breast examination (54%), and referral of cervical cancer cases (57%). One hundred percent of participants indicated their intent to apply the program learnings in their daily practice yet noted that a refresher training within 3-9 months would be valued. CONCLUSION The above results demonstrate that RBC's training programs effectively provide strong theoretical and hands-on training for primary providers. Continued mentorship and refresher trainings are critical for sustainability of high-quality cervical and breast cancer screening, triage, and treatment services in Rwanda.
Presenting Symptoms and Stage at Diagnosis Among Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer Through a Combined Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rwanda
Authors: Pace Lydia , Vianney Dusengimana Jean-Marie , Balinda Jean Paul , Benewe Marie Origene , Rugema Vestine , de Dieu Uwihaye Jean , Fata Amanda , Shyirambere Cyprien , Shulman Lawrence , Keating Nancy , Uwinkindi Francois , Hagenimana Marc 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE There is interest in leveraging cervical cancer (CC) screening to facilitate early breast cancer (BC) detection in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We sought to determine whether adding clinical breast exams (CBE) to CC screening led to early BC diagnoses among asymptomatic women in Rwanda's Women's Cancer Early Detection Program (WCEDP). The WCEDP provided CBE to women aged 30-49 who were receiving CC screening, as well as any individual with breast symptoms. METHODS The WCEDP was launched in three Rwandan districts (total population 1.3 million) in July 2018, August 2018 and May 2019 respectively. This analysis included patients presenting to health centers (HCs) through December 31, 2019. Follow-up data were collected through April 2021 using clinicians' weekly reports, patient navigator referral data, and the cancer hospital's electronic medical record. We determined patients' initial symptoms from HC records, patient interviews, and phone surveys. RESULTS Nine thousand seven hundred sixty-three women received CC screening and CBE together; 7,616 additional women received CBE alone. Five hundred eighty-five women were referred from HCs to a district hospital (DH) for abnormal CBE; 200 were referred from the DH to the referral hospital. Twenty-nine women were diagnosed with BC; of these 19 (66%) were 50 or older and 23 (79%) had stage III/IV disease. Median interval from HC visit to referral hospital visit was 19 days (IQR 11.0-26.0). Among the 23 women with BC for whom we could identify their reason for initial HC presentation, all had sought care for breast symptoms. The remaining six had advanced-stage disease and symptomatic tumors at diagnosis. CONCLUSION During the initial rollout of this combined BC and CC screening program, no BC was diagnosed among asymptomatic women and 2/3 women diagnosed with BC were older than the target CC screening age. Adding CBE for all women receiving CC screening in LMIC may be low-yield. Given the high proportion of late-stage diagnoses, community awareness of early BC symptoms, high-quality CBE and timely referrals are important areas of focus.
Impact of Inperson Training on Health Care Provider Knowledge of the Symptoms and Treatment of Pediatric Cancer in Mwanza Region
Authors: Mtenga Norbert , Nnko Glorian , Nchasi Goodluck , Magese Eric , Rajabu Shabani , Sued Hillary , Joas Heronima , Sanga Erica , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE In Tanzania, < 20% of the estimated 3,500 children who develop cancer each year present to one of the three cancer treatment centers. Of those who do present, there is an average of 89 days between when they present to the local health care center and their cancer center evaluation. Our aim was to assess the baseline pediatric cancer knowledge among medical providers at health centers and district hospitals in the Mwanza region and evaluate the impact of a training program on cancer knowledge and symptom recognition, and ultimately reduce referral delay. METHODS One provider from each of the 69 Mwanza region health care centers and district hospitals was selected by district non communicable disease coordinators to participate in a one day training program. Training education strategies included didactic, small group discussions and interactive sampling. Topics included childhood cancer epidemiology, symptoms recognition, diagnostic evaluation, and referral options. Participants completed re- and post-training surveys to determine knowledge change. RESULTS A total of 80% (n = 56) of invited health centers participated in the training. In the pre survey, while all participants knew what cancer was (uncontrolled cellular division), 82% of were not aware that there was potentially curative treatment available, and 35% did not know which hospitals provided cancer treatment in their region. Post training, overall knowledge scores significantly increased (73%-81%, P < .001), with a > 20% score change for key content areas including symptom recognition and appropriate referral location hospital. CONCLUSION Community medical provider knowledge about childhood cancer is low within the Mwanza Region. In person short training is an effective strategy to increase key knowledge areas that are known to contribute to referral delay. Future research will evaluate the impact of this training on referral rates and referral delay to the regional cancer referral hospital.
Urban and Rural Patients Perspectives on Late Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Msoka Elizabeth F. , Cyril Perry M. , Serventi Furaha , Kitali Brenda C. , Saria Vivian F. , Masenga Gilleard G. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Gutnik Lily 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE In Tanzania, women are diagnosed at an advanced stages of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to identify reasons for this finding from the patient perspective. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in inpatient and outpatient settings in the Kilimanjaro Cancer Care Center. Thematic coding via grounded theory technique was done by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Ten 10 patients (five rural and five urban) participated in the study. The average ages was 48. Seven (70.0%) were Christian. Eight (80.0%) patients had primary education, six (60.0%) were married, and eight (80.0%) were not employed. Two women (20.0%) had stage 2, four women (40.0%) had stage 3, and 4 (40.0%) had stage 4. The most common reasons reported by patients for advanced stage breast cancer at time of diagnosis are initially seeking care from traditional healers (n = 6, 60.0%), lack of breast cancer sign and symptoms knowledge (n = 8, 80.0%), misconceptions about breast cancer treatment especially mastectomy (n = 5, 50.0%), distrust of conventional medicine (n = 4, 40.0, seeking support from the religious leaders (n = 6, 60.0%). Furthermore, we found that, almost all (n = 9, 90.0%) of the patients express their concern regarding financial challenges to access care and treatment for cancer. For example (n = 3, 30.0%) said payment for cancer treatment is too costly and six patients (60.0%) stated that lack of money for transportation. CONCLUSION Lack of adequate breast cancer knowledge and awareness, patient provider relationships, and access to care are the most common mentioned reasons for advanced disease at time of diagnose among breast cancer patients. Engagement with the community through cultural sensitive public health campaigns and interventions must be designed to alleviate the misconceptions and knowledge gap in these communities. System level change is needed to improve access to care.
Disclosure by Design
Authors: Pandya Mihir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay revisits the saga of Cold War era stealth development programs—classified but curiously public efforts to build airplanes that eluded radar detection—to explore how leaks work and the work leaks do when designing complex technical systems. Stealth programs are aging examples of an increasingly visible phenomenon: disclosures about large, closely guarded design, manufacturing, and administrative efforts before their official unveiling. Rather than simply policing the boundary between the secret and the public, in “big” design, in collective efforts to produce knowledge and things at scale, the article argues that leaks have a more subtle purpose: they help govern the uncertain terrain between knowing and knowing enough.
Archäozoologische Untersuchungen der Tierknochen aus der Benutzungsschicht der Fachwerkphase
Authors: Marti-Grädel Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

Die 1186 Tierknochenfunde aus der spätrömischen Phase der Fundstelle Martinsgasse 6+8 auf dem Basler Münsterhügel stammen hauptsächlich von Haustieren. Wildtiere sind unter den bestimmbaren Haus- und Wildtierknochen mit einem Anteil von 2,5 % (Fragmentzahlen) bzw. 2 % (Knochengewicht) vertreten.
Aufgrund der Fragmentierung der Knochen sowie des Nachweises von Schlacht- und Zerlegungsspuren handelt es sich um gewöhnliche Schlacht- und Speisereste. Ganze Skelette oder Teilskelette, die Hinweise auf die Niederlegung von ganzen Tierkörpern oder grösseren Teilen geben würden, wurden nicht beobachtet.