bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fighting ability, personality and melanin signalling in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus)
Authors: Fülöp Attila , Németh Zoltán , Kocsis Bianka , Deák-Molnár Bettina , Bozsoky Tímea , Kőmüves Gabriella , Barta Zoltán 
Published: July 2022

Background
Individuals’ access to resources is often decided during dyadic contests the outcome of which is determined by the fighting (or competitive) ability of the participants. Individuals’ fighting ability (termed also as resource-holding power or potential, RHP) is usually associated with individual features (e.g., sex, age, body size) and is also frequently signalled through various ornaments like the black throat patch (bib) in many birds. Individual personality is a behavioural attribute often linked to fighting ability as well. Based on earlier studies, however, the relationship between personality and fighting ability is far from being straightforward. While accounting for sex and body size, we studied whether exploratory behaviour, an aspect of personality, predicts fighting ability when competing for food during winter in free-living Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus). We also investigated whether the bib can serve as a potential indicator of individual competitiveness in this species.

Methods
We captured adult tree sparrows, marked them with a unique combination of colour rings, and collected data about the individuals’ sex, body size, bib size and exploratory behaviour. Birds were then released and the agonistic behaviour of the marked individuals was recorded while foraging in groups on bird feeding platforms.

Results
The probability of winning a fight, a proxy for fighting ability of individuals, was not related to exploratory behaviour, in either of the sexes. However, bib size was positively related to probability of winning in females, but not in males. Body size was not associated with probability of winning neither in males, nor in females.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that, at least in tree sparrows, the outcome of dyadic encounters over food during the non-breeding period are not determined by the exploratory personality of individuals. However, our findings provide further support for a status signalling role of the black bib in tree sparrows, and hint for the first time that bib size might function as a status signal in females as well. Finally, our results do not confirm that body size could serve as an indicator of fighting ability (i.e., RHP) in this species.
Observational Study of Covid-19 Cases and Off-label Drugs to Manage Complications during First and Second Wave
Authors: Das Sushantha Kumar , Doddikindi Nanditha , Thoda Prathyusha , Jindam Shashank , Vajenepalli Sai Harshitha , Rao T. Rama 
Published: July 2022

Background: Initially Covid-19 complication treatment was almost nil and focused only on supportive measures. Various off-label drugs were utilized globally to obtain better outcomes; the same was practiced by the Indian healthcare fraternity. We have aimed to review the utilization of off-label medicines like Vitamin C, Azithromycin, Ivermectin, Doxycycline, Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Zinc, Remdesivir, Dexamethasone, etc. prescribed in Covid-19 nodal hospital of Telangana state, India.
Methodology: A retrospective review and prospective observational study were conducted in the Covid-19 units of Gandhi medical college and hospital, Secunderabad between December 2020 and May 2021. The study was conducted after obtaining the necessary permission. In a retrospective review; previously published reports were analyzed to correlate the off-label medicine prescription for Covid-19 complications. Prospective case analysis was performed to access the outcome of drugs prescribed in Covid-19 complication and identified as off-label.
Results: A total of 60 prescriptions were analyzed. Among these; Vitamin-C, Dexamethasone, and Azithromycin were prescribed in 67%, 43%, and 37% cases respectively. The study further revealed that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the two most commo comorbidities that lead to hospitalization and subsequently required aggressive treatment to manage the Covid-19 related complications. Bilateral pneumonia was the most frequently appearing complication and therefore Dexamethasone and Azithromycin were listed as top off-label drugs to manage the same.
Conclusion: Due to the lack of specific treatment available initially to manage Covid-19 complications, off-label medicines not only aided enormously in recovering from the complication but also demonstrated to the world that the right choice of off-label medicine can greatly reduce the risk.
Amyloidogenicity assessment of transthyretin gene variants
Authors: Grether Nicolai B. , Napravnik Felix , Imhof Thomas , Linke Reinhold P. , Bräsen Jan H. , Schmitz Jessica , Dohrn Maike , Schneider Christian , Svačina Martin K. R. , Stetefeld Jörg , Koch Manuel , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveHereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis is a treatable condition caused by amyloidogenic variants in the transthyretin‐gene resulting in severe peripheral neuropathy or cardiomyopathy. Only about a third of over 130 known variants are clearly pathogenic, most are classified as variants of uncertain significance. A clear delineation of these into pathogenic or non‐pathogenic is highly desirable but hampered by low frequency and penetrance. We thus sought to characterize their amylogenic potential by an unbiased in vitro approach.MethodsThioflavin T and turbidity assays were used to compare the potential of mammalian cell expressed wt‐transthyretin and 12 variant proteins (either variants of uncertain significance, benign, pathogenic) to aggregate and produce amyloid fibrils in vitro. As proof of principle, the assays were applied to transthyretin‐Ala65Val, a variant that was newly detected in a family with peripheral neuropathy and amyloid deposits in biopsies. In silico analysis was performed to compare the position of the benign and pathogenic variants.ResultsTransthyretin‐Ala65Val showed a significantly higher amyloidogenic potential than wt‐transthyretin, in both turbidity‐ and Thioflavin T‐assays, comparable to known pathogenic variants. The other eight tested variants did not show an increased amyloidogenic potential. In silico structural analysis further confirmed differences between pathogenic and benign variants in position and interactions.InterpretationWe propose a biochemical approach to assess amyloidogenic potential of transthyretin variants. As exemplified by transthyretin‐Ala65Val, data of three assays together with histopathology clearly demonstrates its amyloidogenicity.
Adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control for flexible‐joint robotic stochastic systems with input saturation and sensor fault
Authors: Wang Libin , Wang Huanqing , Liu Peter Xiaoping 
Published: July 2022

SummaryA new fault‐tolerant approach to input saturation and sensor faults is presented for flexible‐joint robotic stochastic nonlinear systems with finite‐time convergence performance. More precisely, a new command filter is designed and embedded into the backstepping framework, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation. By using the estimation ability of fuzzy logic system and less adjustable parameters, the problems of sensor faults and unknown functions are solved, which facilitates the design of controllers. A smooth function and mean‐value theorem are used to deal with the difficulty associated with system signals. A novel simpler controller is developed to ensure that the trajectory tracking error converges to a sufficiently small neighborhood around the origin within finite time, while there are random noises. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented scheme is verified by simulation results.
Multiple‐Scale Probing of Intrinsic Active Sites and Reaction Kinetics in Processable Cation‐Inserted Nickel Hydroxide Films
Authors: Xie Yuanyang , Yu Chang , Song Xuedan , Zhang Qing , Ni Lin , Yu Jinhe , Ren Weicheng , Liu Kunlun , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanoplate‐shaped Ni(OH)2 with numerous exposed active sites hold much promise for high‐performance energy storage devices. However, restricted by the wide band gap, which leads to a low concentration of charge carrier, the energy barrier of electron mobility in lattice plane is high, further inhibiting the electron transfer and their practical application. Here, several unique processable nickel‐based hydroxide films are constructed via the cation‐inserted strategy to probe the intrinsic relationship between component and electronic micro‐structure. Benefiting from the component‐driven effects, the concentration of charge carrier at the lattice plane can be accumulated after injecting heterogeneous cations, and the fastened dynamics process can be realized and confirmed by multiple real‐time operando techniques. Meanwhile, the more well‐matched Co core rather than Mn core in Ni(OH)2 is also certified. Finally, the CoNi(OH)2 electrode achieves 623 C g–1 @1 A g–1 without any conductivity additives and binders, which is nearly threefold that of pristine Ni(OH)2. This work clarifies the critical role of inserted cations, and corresponding electron and electrolyte ion transfer across the matrix, thus enabling a better guideline for Ni(OH)2‐based energy storage/conversion systems.
A Novel 19$\sqrt {19} $ × 19$\sqrt {19} $ Superstructure in Epitaxially Grown 1T‐TaTe2
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Jin Yeongrok , Zhang Canxun , Zhu Tiancong , Kim Kyoo , Zhong Yong , Lee Ji‐Eun , Shen Zongqi , Chen Yi , Ruan Wei , Ryu Hyejin , Hwang Choongyu , Lee Jaekwang , Crommie Michael F. , Mo Sung‐Kwan , Shen Zhi‐Xun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe spontaneous formation of electronic orders is a crucial element for understanding complex quantum states and engineering heterostructures in 2D materials. A novel × charge order in few‐layer‐thick 1T‐TaTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, which has not been realized, is report. The photoemission and scanning probe measurements demonstrate that monolayer 1T‐TaTe2 exhibits a variety of metastable charge density wave orders, including the × superstructure, which can be selectively stabilized by controlling the post‐growth annealing temperature. Moreover, it is found that only the × order persists in 1T‐TaTe2 films thicker than a monolayer, up to 8 layers. The findings identify the previously unrealized novel electronic order in a much‐studied transition metal dichalcogenide and provide a viable route to control it within the epitaxial growth process.
Surface Lattice Plasmon Resonances by Direct In Situ Substrate Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Ordered Arrays
Authors: Vinnacombe‐Willson Gail A. , Conti Ylli , Jonas Steven J. , Weiss Paul S. , Mihi Agustín , Scarabelli Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise arrangements of plasmonic nanoparticles on substrates are important for designing optoelectronics, sensors and metamaterials with rational electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Bottom‐up synthesis offers unmatched control over morphology and optical response of individual plasmonic building blocks. Usually, the incorporation of nanoparticles made by bottom‐up wet chemistry starts from batch synthesis of colloids, which requires time‐consuming and hard‐to‐scale steps like ligand exchange and self‐assembly. Herein, an unconventional bottom‐up wet‐chemical synthetic approach for producing gold nanoparticle ordered arrays is developed. Water‐processable hydroxypropyl cellulose stencils facilitate the patterning of a reductant chemical ink on which nanoparticle growth selectively occurs. Arrays exhibiting lattice plasmon resonances in the visible region and near infrared (quality factors of >20) are produced following a rapid synthetic step (<10 min), all without cleanroom fabrication, specialized equipment, or self‐assembly, constituting a major step forward in establishing in situ growth approaches. Further, the technical capabilities of this method through modulation of the particle size, shape, and array spacings directly on the substrate are demonstrated. Ultimately, establishing a fundamental understanding of in situ growth has the potential to inform the fabrication of plasmonic materials; opening the door for in situ growth fabrication of waveguides, lasing platforms, and plasmonic sensors.
Localized Surface‐Plasmon Enhanced Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetector
Authors: Li Xubiao , Xu Zhuhua , Zhao Cong , Zhang Si‐Wei , Li Jingzhou , Kang Feiyu , Song Qinghua , Wei Guodan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) organic photodetector (OPD) has exhibited tremendous potential in research due to mechanical flexibility, optoelectronic tunability, and low cost. However, the limited NIR light absorption, low carrier mobility, and relatively low photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency in organic photoactive layer have restricted further development of OPD. To address these challenges, localized surface‐plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhanced D18:Y6 OPD is systematically designed and fabricated with uniform Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) of 60 nm deposited right on D18:Y6 organic photoactive layers, realizing a 25‐fold enhancement in responsivity and detectivity which reach 2200 mA W−1 and 2.8 × 1012 Jones, respectively, upon 850 nm laser excitation compared with pristine device without AgNCs. The detailed COMSOL Physics simulation of as‐obtained devices with AgNCs indicates that electric filed is strongly amplified and concentrated within the D18:Y6 film. The enhancement of photoluminescence intensity in D18:Y6 films with AgNCs further verifies the resonant enhancement of light absorption in the D18:Y6 film embedded with AgNCs. To get in‐depth knowledge of the LSPR enhancement effect on OPD, the photocurrent enhancement of devices with different laser power densities and plasmonic modes have been systematically explored. Therefore, this work has opened a new window to enhance the photoresponse for next generation NIR OPDs.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Nanomembrane Microcavity for Flexible Optical Tuning
Authors: Pang Chi , Li Rang , Dong Haiyun , Saggau Christian N. , Kern Felix L. , Potapov Pavel , Schultz Johannes , Lubk Axel , Hübner René , Kentsch Ulrich , Zhou Shengqiang , Helm Manfred , Chen Feng , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and optical microcavities has attracted broad interest for both fundamental and applied studies. However, the conventional scheme of plasmonic nanoparticles being located at microcavity outer surfaces suffers from serious problems such as significant radiative/scattering losses and chemical/mechanical instabilities. Here, silver nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersed ions embedded in nanomembrane‐formed whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microtube cavities are prepared by ion implantations as compact and stable optoplasmonic microcavities. Upon low ion fluence implantation, dispersed silver ions are generated in the tube cavity wall, leading to a redshift of the WGM resonant cavity modes due to the increased refractive index. The silver ions start to aggregate into plasmonic NPs in the cavity wall when increasing implantation ion fluences. The competition and transition between redshift induced by the refractive index increase and blueshift induced by the formation of plasmonic NPs are investigated. Moreover, quality factor enhancement of the WGM modes is observed owing to the improved light confinement caused by the presence of NPs. This work demonstrates a convenient approach for the fabrication of stable optoplasmonic microcavities and fine tuning of resonant modes, indicating wide applications such as wavelength selective tuning and enhanced light–matter interactions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation/Amination of 2‐Iodobiphenyls with Benzoisoxazoles for Synthesis of Carbazoles
Authors: Zhao Ya‐Heng , Chen Jun‐Hua , Liu Miao‐Chang , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Wu Hua‐Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA coupling reaction of 2‐iodobiphenyl with benzoisoxazole under the cooperative catalysis of Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2 and P(4‐F−Ph)3 is disclosed. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular C−H activation/N−O cleavage/migratory insertion sequence to give an array of N‐arylcarbazoles with an aldehyde or a ketone. The employment of benzoisoxazoles as an amination agent obviates the need for stoichiometric amount of oxidants.magnified image
NIS/HFIP‐Mediated Synthesis of Indene‐Based β‐Iodoalkenyl Sulfides from Propargylic Sulfides
Authors: Velasco Noelia , Martínez‐Núñez Clara , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA tandem 1,3‐sulfur migration followed by iodocyclization reaction of propargylic sulfides in the presence of NIS in HFIP has been developed to synthesize indene‐based β‐iodoalkenyl sulfides. The choice of the reaction media is crucial to promote the reaction. The proposed mechanism involving the initial NIS activation by HFIP and favoring the sulfur migration of the starting propargylic thioether via cationic intermediates is experimentally supported. In addition, the suitability of selected indene‐based β‐iodoalkenyl sulfides as building blocks for subsequent C−C bond‐forming reactions has been demonstrated.magnified image
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Rigid‐Device‐Benchmarkable Performance
Authors: Liu Dingyao , Tian Xinyu , Bai Jing , Wang Yan , Cheng Yixun , Ning Weijie , Chan Paddy K. L. , Wu Kai , Sun Junqi , Zhang Shiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are being pursued as the next‐generation tissue‐like bioelectronic technologies to improve the interfacing with the soft human body. However, the performance of current intrinsically stretchable OECTs is far inferior to their rigid counterparts. In this work, for the first time, the authors report intrinsically stretchable OECTs with overall performance benchmarkable to conventional rigid devices. In particular, oxygen level in the stretchable substrate is revealed to have a significant impact on the on/off ratio. By employing stretchable substrates with low oxygen permeabilities, the on/off ratio is elevated from ≈10 to a record‐high value of ≈104, which is on par with a rigid OECT. The device remained functional after cyclic stretching tests. This work demonstrates that intrinsically stretchable OECTs have the potential to serve as a new building block for emerging soft bioelectronic applications such as electronic skin, soft implantables, and soft neuromorphic computing.
Toward a differentiated understanding of the effect of Nutri‐Score nutrition labeling on healthier food choices
Authors: Gassler Birgit , Faesel Claudia K. , Moeser Anke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy 2022, the European Commission seeks to introduce harmonized, mandatory front‐of‐pack (FOP) nutrition labeling. The color‐graded Nutri‐Score is at the heart of the European debate. Yet, little is known about how the information provided in back‐of‐pack (BOP) nutrition tables interacts with evaluative FOP labels, such as Nutri‐Score, and if different consumer groups use both information cues differently when making food choices. Our objective is thus to identify segments of nutrition label users and contrast their choice behavior and use of FOP and BOP nutritional information. Therefore, this study builds on an attitude‐based segmentation analysis and a survey‐based discrete choice experiment among German consumers. We identify five segments of nutritional information users and significant interaction effects between FOP and BOP nutritional cues. Consumers use supplementary nutritional information differently: relying on BOP nutrition facts only (label‐resisters) or combining both information cues (majority). For most, Nutri‐Score reinforces the positive effect of a healthier nutrient profile on purchase likelihood, while its use stigmatizes products of low nutritional quality. Overall, supplementary Nutri‐Score labeling enables better alignment of food choices and health preferences, especially for consumers overwhelmed by technical BOP nutrition tables, and helps differentiate products with relatively unhealthy nutritional profiles. We discuss implications for food policy and business. [EconLit citations: D12, Q13, Q18].
Next‐generation sequencing and analysis of consecutive patients referred for connective tissue disorders
Authors: Steinle Jacob , Hossain Waheeda A. , Veatch Olivia J. , Strom Samuel P. , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeritable connective tissue disorders (HCTDs) consist of a wide array of genetic disorders such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and family history to guide genetic testing with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for identification of gene variants in HCTDs. NGS was performed on a cohort of 100 consecutive, unrelated patients referred for a connective tissue disorder at Fulgent Genetics, an accredited commercial laboratory. One hundred seventeen gene variants were found in 76 patients with 10 recognized pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants seen in nine patients. The remaining variants were grouped as unknown clinical significance with 36 meeting three out of four pathogenicity criteria, or potentially pathogenic, as defined in our study in 33 patients. They were judged as potentially pathogenic for clinical care and management with disease surveillance based on the specific gene and phenotypic presentation. Gene variants in collagen‐related proteins were the most frequent with ZNF469 and ADAMTSL2 variants most often identified. Joint hypermobility was the most frequent clinical finding. Variants were found in 76% of patients who had distinct clinical features of a HCTD. The data were stratified to provide insight into frequency and types of variants, their classification, and clinical manifestations.
Biomimetic Total Synthesis of the Spiroindimicin Family of Natural Products
Authors: Zheng Xikang , Li Yan , Guan Mengtie , Wang Lingyue , Wei Shilong , Li Yi‐Cheng , Chang Chin‐Yuan , Xu Zhengren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA unified strategy for the biomimetic total synthesis of the spiroindimicin family of natural products was reported. Key transformations include a one‐pot two‐enzyme‐catalyzed oxidative dimerization of L‐tryptophan/5‐chloro‐L‐tryptophan to afford the bis‐indole precursors chromopyrrolic acid/5′,5′′‐dichloro‐chromopyrrolic acid, and regioselective C3′−C2′′ and C3′−C4′′ bond formation converting a common bis‐indole skeleton to two skeletally different natural products, including (±)‐spiroindimicins D and G with a [5,5] spiro‐ring skeleton, and (±)‐spiroindimicins A and H with a [5,6] spiro‐ring skeleton, respectively.
Highly crystallized and tough polylactic acid through addition of surface modified cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Seraji Amir Abbas , Goharpey Fatemeh , Khademzadeh Yeganeh Jafar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo prepare a fully organic polylactic acid (PLA)‐based bio‐nanocomposite, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were grafted by PLA through ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide monomers onto CNCs. The grafting process was evaluated by 1HNMR and FTIR spectroscopic methods. The effect of surface‐modified CNCs (M‐CNCs) was investigated on thermal, mechanical, rheological, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of PLA. The M‐CNCs were successfully dispersed in the PLA matrix. Isothermal and non‐isothermal DSC studies revealed that M‐CNCs caused an intensive increase in crystallization kinetics and therefore nucleation density and crystallization extent. DSC, XRD, and DMTA analyses indicated the formation of different crystal structures [α, α', β] in PLA after addition of M‐CNCs. Rheological analysis was carried out for microstructural investigation of the nanocomposites. Interestingly, after the addition of M‐CNCs not only the tensile strength and modulus of the samples increased but also the toughness of PLA was considerably improved.