bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explanation of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Cases in Japan Using Google Trends Before and During the COVID-19: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Niu Qian , Liu Junyu , Zhao Zixi , Onishi Miyu , Kawaguchi Asuka , Bandara Anuradhi , Harada Keiko , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai-Tanima Momoko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic affected common disease infections, while the impact on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is unclear. Google Trends data is beneficial in approximately real-time statistics and easily accessed, expecting to be used for infection explanation from information-seeking behavior perspectives. We aimed to explain HFMD cases before and during COVID-19 using Google Trends data.MethodsHFMD cases were obtained from the National Institute of Infectious Disease, and Google search data from 2009 to 2021 was downloaded using Google Trends in Japan. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between HFMD cases and the search topic “HFMD” from 2009 to 2021. Japanese tweets containing “HFMD” were retrieved to select search terms for further analysis. Search terms were retained with counts larger than 1000 and belonging to ranges of infection sources, susceptible sites, susceptible populations, symptoms, treatment, preventive measures, and identified diseases. Cross-correlation analyses were conducted to detect lag changes between HFMD cases and HFMD search terms before and during COVID-19. Multiple linear regressions with backward elimination processing were used to identify the most significant terms for HFMD explanation.ResultsHFMD cases and Google search volume peaked around July in most years without 2020 and 2021. The search topic “HFMD” presented strong correlations with HFMD cases except in 2020 when COVID-19 outbroke. In addition, differences in lags for 73 (72.3%) search terms were negative, might indicating increasing public awareness of HFMD infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of multiple linear regression demonstrated that significant search terms contained the same meanings but expanded informative search content during COVID-19.ConclusionsSignificant terms for HFMD cases explanation before and during COVID-19 were different. The awareness of HFMD infection in Japan may improve during the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous monitoring is important to promote public health and prevent resurgence. Public interest reflected in information-seeking behavior can be helpful for public health surveillance.
Differential migration mechanics and immune responses of glioblastoma subtypes
Authors: Shamsan Ghaidan A. , Liu Chao J. , Braman Brooke C. , Rathe Susan K. , Sarver Aaron L. , Ghaderi Nima , McMahon Mariah M. , Klank Rebecca L. , Tschida Barbara R. , McFarren S. Joey , Rosato Pamela C. , Masopust David , Sarkaria Jann N. , Clark H. Brent , Rosenfeld Steven S. , Largaespada David A. , Odde David J. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYGlioblastoma remains a deadly cancer driven by invasion of tumor cells into the brain. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed distinct molecular subtypes, but mechanistic differences that explain clinical differences are not clear. Here, we show that, as predicted by the motor-clutch model for cell migration, mesenchymal glioma cells are more spread, generate larger traction forces, and migrate faster in brain tissue compared to proneural cells. Despite their fast migration and comparable proliferation rate in vitro, mice with mesenchymal tumors live longer than mice with proneural tumors, which was correlated with an immune response in the mesenchymal mice that included T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells, similar to human tumors. Thus, mesenchymal tumors have aggressive migration, but are relatively immunologically ‘hot’ which suppresses net proliferation. These two features counteract each other and may explain the lack of a strong survival difference between subtypes clinically, while also opening up new opportunities for subtype-specific therapies.
Speech intelligibility changes the temporal evolution of neural speech tracking
Authors: Chen Ya-Ping , Schmidt Fabian , Keitel Anne , Rösch Sebastian , Hauswald Anne , Weisz Nathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractListening to speech with poor signal quality is challenging. Neural speech tracking of degraded speech has been used to advance the understanding of how brain processes and speech intelligibility are interrelated, however the temporal dynamics of neural speech tracking are not clear. In the present MEG study, we thereby exploited temporal response functions (TRFs) and generated signal-degraded speech to depict the temporal evolution of speech intelligibility modulation on neural speech tracking. In addition, we inter-related facets of neural speech tracking (e.g., speech envelope reconstruction, speech-brain coherence, and components of broadband coherence spectra) to endorse our findings in TRFs. Our TRF analysis yielded marked temporally differential effects of vocoding: reduction of intelligibility went along with large increases of early peak responses (∼50-110 ms, M50TRF), but strongly reduced responses around 175-230 ms (M200TRF). For the late responses 315-380 ms (M350TRF), the maximum response occurred for degraded speech that was still comprehensible then declined with reduced intelligibility. Furthermore, we related the TRF components to our other neural “tracking“ measures and found that M50TRF and M200TRF play a differential role in the shifting center frequency of the broadband coherence spectra. Overall, our study highlights the importance of time-resolved computation and parametrization of coherence spectra on neural speech tracking and provides a better understanding of degraded speech processing.HighlightsWe use MEG to show that speech intelligibility differentially impacts the temporal evolution of neural speech tracking.TRF responses around 200 ms show the strongest relationship with behaviour.Relating TRF effects to parameterized coherence spectra using FOOOF suggests that M50TRF and M200TRF reflect shifts in which speech features are tracked over time.
On the similarities of representations in artificial and brain neural networks for speech recognition
Authors: Wingfield Cai , Zhang Chao , Devereux Barry , Fonteneau Elisabeth , Thwaites Andrew , Liu Xunying , Woodland Phil , Marslen-Wilson William , Su Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow the human brain supports speech comprehension is an important question in neuroscience. Studying the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying human language is not only critical to understand and develop treatments for many human conditions that impair language and communication but also to inform artificial systems that aim to automatically process and identify natural speech. In recent years, intelligent machines powered by deep learning have achieved near human level of performance in speech recognition. The fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience have finally reached a similar phenotypical level despite of their huge differences in implementation, and so deep learning models can—in principle—serve as candidates for mechanistic models of the human auditory system. Utilizing high-performance automatic speech recognition systems, and advanced noninvasive human neuroimaging technology such as magnetoencephalography and multivariate pattern-information analysis, the current study aimed to relate machine-learned representations of speech to recorded human brain representations of the same speech. In one direction, we found a quasi-hierarchical functional organisation in human auditory cortex qualitatively matched with the hidden layers of deep neural networks trained in an automatic speech recognizer. In the reverse direction, we modified the hidden layer organization of the artificial neural network based on neural activation patterns in human brains. The result was a substantial improvement in word recognition accuracy and learned speech representations. We have demonstrated that artificial and brain neural networks can be mutually informative in the domain of speech recognition.Author summaryThe human capacity to recognize individual words from the sound of speech is a cornerstone of our ability to communicate with one another, yet the processes and representations underlying it remain largely unknown. Software systems for automatic speech-to-text provide a plausible model for how speech recognition can be performed. In this study, we used an automatic speech recogniser model to probe recordings from the brains of participants who listened to speech. We found that the parts of the dynamic, evolving representations inside the machine system were a good fit for representations found in the brain recordings, both showing similar hierarchical organisations. Then, we observed where the machine’s representations diverged from the brain’s, and made experimental adjustments to the automatic recognizer’s design so that its representations might better fit the brain’s. In so doing, we substantially improved the recognizer’s ability to accurately identify words.
Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I-2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production
Authors: Napit Rajindra , Poudel Ajit , Pradhan Saman M. , Manandhar Prajwol , Ghaju Sajani , Sharma Ajay N. , Joshi Jyotsna , Tha Suprim , Dhital Kavya , Rajbhandari Udaya , Basnet Amit , Rajbhandari Rajesh M. , Schwind Jessica S. , Karmacharya Dibesh B. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTPoultry (Gallus domesticus) farming plays an important role as an income generating enterprise in a developing country like Nepal, contributing more than 4% to the national GDP. It is also one of the major sources of protein for growing population. Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major poultry disease affecting both commercial and backyard poultry production worldwide. There were more than 90 reported cases of ND outbreaks in Nepal in 2018, with over 74,986 birds being affected. ND might be responsible for over 7% of total poultry mortality in the country. Recent outbreak of ND in 2021 affected many farms throughout Nepal, and caused massive poultry production loss. ND is caused by a single stranded RNA virus which presents very similar clinical symptoms as Influenza A (commonly known as Bird flu), adding much complexity to clinical disease identification and intervention.We conducted a nationwide ND and Influenza A prevalence study, collecting samples from commercial and backyard poultry farms from across the major poultry production hubs of Nepal, and conducted both serological and molecular assessments-giving us disease exposure history and identification of floating strains of ND Virus (NDV). Of 600 commercial chickens tested from various farms, both NDV (n=381, 64%) and IA (n=125, 21%) antibodies were detected in the majority of the samples. In backyard chicken (n=108, 39 farms), sero-prevalence was also relatively high for both NDV (n=38, 35%) and IA (n=17, 16%). Out of the 40 commercial farms, majority had detectable NDV (n=31, 78%) and IA (n=15, 38%) virus present. In backyard farms (n=36), we also detected NDV (n=6, 16%) and IA (n=1, 3%) virus. We Genotyped (strain) detected NDV, and found Genotype II to be present in most of the commercial farms (which might be coming from live vaccine usage) and Genotype I in some backyard poultry samples. The identified Genotype I strain is reported for the first time, and hence could be an endemic NDV strain found in Nepal. Our 2021 ND outbreak investigation identified Genotype VII c as the causative strain.Additionally, we have developed a thermostable I-2 NDV vaccine (Ranigoldunga™) in tablet formulation and tested on various (mixed) breeds of chicken (G. domesticus). This vaccine seems to be highly effective against NDV, including a virulent 2021 outbreak strain (Genotype VII c). The I-2 Tablet ND vaccine showed more than 85% efficacy when administered either ocularly or in water, and has a stability of 30 days in room temperature.
Success probability of high-affinity DNA aptamer generation by genetic alphabet expansion
Authors: Kimoto Michiko , Tan Hui Pen , Sing Tan Yaw , Mohd Mislan Nur Afiqah Binte , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNucleic acid aptamers as antibody alternatives bind specifically to target molecules. These aptamers are generated by isolating candidates from libraries with random sequence fragments, through an evolutionary engineering system. We recently reported a high-affinity DNA aptamer generation method that introduces unnatural bases (UBs) as a fifth letter into the library, by genetic alphabet expansion. By incorporating hydrophobic UBs, the affinities of DNA aptamers to target proteins are increased over 100-fold, as compared to those of conventional aptamers with only the natural four letters. However, there is still plenty of room for improvement of the methods for routinely generating high-affinity UB-containing DNA (UB-DNA) aptamers. The success probabilities of the high-affinity aptamer generation depend on the existence of the aptamer candidate sequences in the initial library. We estimated the success probabilities by analysing several UB-DNA aptamers that we generated, as examples. In addition, we investigated the possible improvement of conventional aptamer affinities by introducing one UB at specific positions. Our data revealed that UB-DNA aptamers adopt specific tertiary structures, in which many bases including UBs interact with target proteins for high affinity, suggesting the importance of the UB-DNA library design.
Hypoxia causes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by activating a transcriptional repressor BHLHE40
Authors: Tsuyama Tomonori , Sato Yoshifumi , Yoshizawa Tatsuya , Matsuoka Takaaki , Yamagata Kazuya 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTHypoxia can occur in pancreatic β-cells in type 2 diabetes. Although hypoxia exerts deleterious effects on β-cell function, the associated mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is highly induced in hypoxic mouse and human β-cells and suppresses insulin secretion. Conversely, BHLHE40 deficiency in hypoxic MIN6 cells or in the β-cells ofob/obmice reversed the insulin secretion. Mechanistically, BHLHE40 represses expression ofMafa, which encodes the transcription factor musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MAFA), by attenuating binding of pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (PDX1) to its enhancer region. Impaired insulin secretion in hypoxic β-cells was recovered by MAFA expression. Collectively, this work identifies BHLHE40 as a key hypoxia-induced transcriptional repressor in β-cells and its implication in the β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Moderating role of perceived work addiction of managers in the relationship between employees' perfectionism and work addiction: a trait activation theory perspective
Authors: Morkevičiūtė Modesta , Endriulaitienė Auksė 
Published: June 2022

PurposeEarlier authors suggested that a combination of different factors leads to the development of work addiction, hereby indicating that no single perspective is enough to fully understand this phenomenon. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of perceived work addiction of managers in the relationship between employees' perfectionism and work addiction.Design/methodology/approachThe present cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 964 workers from different organizations in Lithuania. Data were collected by means of online self-administered questionnaires. To test the moderating effect, a covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) path analysis was performed.FindingsAt the level of bivariate correlations, both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism showed positive links with employees' work addiction. However, in structural equation models only self-oriented perfectionism was related to higher levels of work addiction. Further, although the results of the study did not confirm the assumption about the moderating effect of perceived work addiction of managers on the relationship between employees' self-oriented perfectionism and work addiction, the results showed that a positive relationship between employees' socially prescribed perfectionism and work addiction was strongest when a manager was perceived to be highly addicted to work.Originality/valueThe study enriched understanding of the roots of work addiction by employing trait activation theory (Tett and Burnett, 2003) and explaining how both dispositional and contextual factors interacted in predicting this phenomenon.
Humble PIE: this is just the beginning
Authors: Tickle Anna 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to share reflections on psychologically informed practice and research that has taken place within Opportunity Nottingham and in collaboration with local hostels and agencies. This study conveys a call to action to all stakeholders not to be complacent, but to use learning from Fulfilling Lives as a foundation for future developments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study will use the psychologically informed environments (PIEs) 2.0 elements to structure points of learning from working within Opportunity Nottingham, drawing on wider literature as appropriate. This will allow focus on core areas of interest for all stakeholders and illustrate how the PIE elements can be embedded in thinking.

Findings
Research-informed reflections from a Fulfilling Lives Clinical Psychologist will be offered across the domains of: psychological awareness; staff training and support; learning and enquiry; spaces of opportunity; and rules, roles and responsiveness.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this will be the first paper to use PIE domains to structure a reflective account of learning from a Fulfilling Lives project, contextualised within broader literature.
Can loyal party members be flexible negotiators? Impacts of constituent support, term limits and bipartisan roles
Authors: Druckman Daniel , Parlamis Jennifer , Burns Zachary C. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to conduct two experiments to provide insight into the impacts of Congressional party loyalty on negotiating flexibility. Constituent support, term limits and bipartisan roles were explored as possible moderators of polarization in American political negotiations.

Design/methodology/approach
Experiment 1 used a 2 (party loyalty: loyal/thoughtful) × 2 (constituent support: consistent/mixed districts) experimental design. In experiment 2, party loyalty was constant, and participants were assigned to one of four conditions created by a 2 (term limits: restricted/not restricted) × 2 (role: coordinator/whip) design. In both experiments, flexibility was measured as the percentage of movement on four key budget allocation issues. Participants were recruited using Prolific.

Findings
Experiment 1 demonstrated that loyalty produced less flexibility, particularly with regard to one’s own preferred issues. Constituent support did not influence flexibility. The second experiment found that absence of term limits and presence of bipartisan roles resulted in more movement on the other’s preferred issues.

Research limitations/implications
While the authors’ manipulations have experimental validity, further field research is suggested to assess the fidelity of the authors’ simulation and the ecological validity of the experimental findings.

Practical implications
These findings extend the list of situational levers that impact negotiation flexibility. In particular, based on the authors’ findings, embedding bipartisan roles into traditional Congressional processes could help increase negotiating flexibility and cooperation.

Originality/value
Both the experimental task and variables manipulated in these experiments are embedded in a US Congressional context.
The cost of constituent-rebalancing of Sharīʿah-compliant indexes: lessons for future crises
Authors: Badreldin Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to quantify the cost of rebalancing Sharīʿah-compliant indexes, both economically and statistically.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical approach is employed where the rebalanced Sharīʿah-compliant index is calculated numerous times with different lags in rebalancing, and the number of stocks and their cost across time are determined in order to identify the optimal rebalancing frequency.FindingsThis paper finds that annual Sharīʿah rebalancing does not lead to significant differences in portfolio returns, even though it does bring some advantages in cumulative wealth starting from the third year onwards and brings about better risk-return characteristics measured in terms of the Sharpe ratio. However, these advantages involve an average annual shifting between 30 and 60% of the portfolio market capitalization, which would be costly at any level of transaction costs.Practical implicationsA private investor may be better off holding a constant portfolio and only rebalancing in three-year intervals since this was shown to possess similar portfolio returns and cumulative wealth results. Any advantages of annual rebalancing in terms of risk-return characteristics may be offset by transaction costs of rebalancing. Sharīʿah scholars and practitioners are to determine when the correct time for rebalancing really is, taking into consideration the cost of rebalancing vis-à-vis the advantages in cumulative wealth and risk-return characteristics of the portfolio.Originality/valuePredictions that Islamic indexes will perform well during financial crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, miss the cost of frequent rebalancing. This paper addresses this issue in an empirical manner learning from the previous crisis in 2008.
Contingencies in the relationship between trade and internal conflict in Nigeria: the role of the quality of the political institution
Authors: Okunlola Olalekan Charles 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper empirically tests the relationship between conflict and trade in Nigeria from 1986 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachThis study made use of secondary data. Time-series data were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin, WDI of the World Bank, MEPV of the Centre for Systemic Peace database, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, political risk ratings of the ICRG, Freedom in the World Country Ratings of Freedom House, and ACLED database. This study used descriptive and econometrics techniques to analyze the data. It adopted the IV-GMM techniques.FindingsThe study found that domestic trade has a negative and significant effect on internal conflict in Nigeria. International trade, on the other hand, does not affect internal conflict. In addition, the interaction of trade and institutions shows that more civil liberties (CL) and lower corruption (COR) complement the effect of domestic and international trade in reducing hostilities in Nigeria over the study period.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is the inaccessibility of data. This study could not access the data on the volume of domestic trade in Nigeria. The study employed value-added tax on all domestic transactions in Nigeria as a proxy for domestic trade in the country. The study recommends that further studies should access the data on the volume of domestic trade as this could help further understand the relationship between domestic trade and internal conflict in Nigeria.Practical implicationsSince the improved domestic trade reduces internal conflict in Nigeria, the government should formulate policies that facilitate trade. Improving anti-graft efforts and CL will ease the process of formulating trade policies and increase the impact of domestic trade on internal conflict. Furthermore, these will reduce trade barriers and transaction costs. This can be achieved if the government strengthens its anti-COR agencies by making them more autonomous. CL can also be increased by enhancing voice and accountability in the country.Originality/valueThis study advances the literature by examining the role political–institutional quality plays in the relationship between trade and conflict.