bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Seismic Architecture of the Southern San Andreas Fault Zone around the Thousand Palms Oasis from a Large-N Nodal Array
Authors: Share Pieter-Ewald , Qiu Hongrui , Vernon Frank L. , Allam Amir A. , Fialko Yuri , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We discuss general structural features of the Banning and Mission Creek strands (BF and MCF) of the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) in the Coachella Valley, based on ambient noise and earthquake wavefields recorded by a seismic array with &gt;300 nodes. Earthquake P arrivals show rapid changes in waveform characteristics over 20–40 m zones that coincide with the surface BF and MCF. These variations indicate that the BF and MCF are high-impedance contrast interfaces—an observation supported by the presence of seismic reflections. Another prominent but more diffuse change in SSAF structure is found ∼1 km northeast of the BF. This feature has average-to-low arrival times (P and S) and ambient noise levels (at &lt;30 Hz), and likely represents a relatively fast velocity block sandwiched between broader MCF and BF zones. The maximal arrival delays (P ∼0.1 s and S ∼0.25 s) and the highest ambient noise levels (&gt;2 times median) are consistently observed southwest of the BF—a combined effect of Coachella Valley sediments and rock damage on that side. Immediately northeast of the MCF, large S minus P delays suggest a broad high VP/VS zone associated with asymmetric rock damage across the SSAF. This general overview shows the BF and MCF as mature but distinctly different fault zones. Future analyses will further clarify these and other SSAF features in greater detail.
Cross sectional analysis of factors associated with leptospirosis cases treated at district general hospital, Matara, Sri Lanka during 2015-2018
Authors: Samaraweera Nayana Y. , Karunaratne Upali , Mediwaka Malkanthi K. , Patabendige Deepika , Jagathpathi Janaka , Wijayasiriwardhana Buddhini S. , Senanayake Deepthi , Amarasiri Sheran , Wanniarachchi Somarathna 
Published: February 2022

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic illness with a global disease burden impacting both developed and developing nations and is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In this study, selected characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis cases were studied; hence modifiable risk factors were elucidated. This information would be useful to prevent further transmission of leptospirosis by public health care workers in Sri Lanka and take appropriate administrative decisions regarding leptospirosis control in the community. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional survey of Bed Head Tickets (BHTs), Case Surveillance Forms of confirmed leptospirosis cases treated at district general hospital, Matara during 2015-2018. The study was conducted from 21.02.2019 to 01.03.2019.Results: Age >35 years (OR 3.92:, 95% CI:2.72-5.65), male sex (OR:2.30, 95% CI:1.61-3.29), paddy field as source of infection (OR:2.45, 95% CI:1.69-3.54), positive history of recent skin lesions/injury (OR:2.29, 95% CI:1.58-3.34), (OR:3.14, 95% CI:1.62-6.06), (OR:2.88, 95% CI:1.31-6.36), (OR:2.13, 95% CI:1.27-3.58) were risk factors for leptospirosis. Positive history of chemo prophylactic treatment (doxycycline administration) and its duration were not associated with leptospirosisConclusions: Age >35 years (OR 3.92:, 95% CI:2.72-5.65), male sex (OR:2.30, 95% CI:1.61-3.29), paddy field as source of infection (OR:2.45, 95% CI:1.69-3.54), positive history of recent skin lesions/injury (OR:2.29, 95% CI:1.58-3.34) were risk factors for leptospirosis.
Isolated sphenoid sinus disease; a retrospective review of underlying pathologies and their clinicopathological implications
Authors: Ravindra Aditi , Shetty Shama , Devaraja K. , Pujary Kailesh 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) includes a small cohort of patients evaluated for sinus disease which tend to be diagnostically challenging and may lead to devastating complications. This study aims to evaluate the spectrum of etiological factors and to analyze clinic-radiological characteristics of ISSD<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a<strong> </strong>retrospective review of cases of ISSD managed by the department of otolaryngology of a tertiary care medical centre between January 2017 and December 2019. A total of 21 patients were included and their demographic details, co-morbidities, symptomatology, cross-sectional imaging, treatment received and follow-up details were retrieved from medical records for analysis and comparison.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The most common diagnoses in our cohort were invasive fungal sinusitis (n=9), chronic non-specific sinusitis (n=7) and allergic fungal sinusitis (n=3) in that order, with mean duration of symptoms 58.2 days, 300 days and 260 days respectively. Cases of invasive disease had a shorter course, more frequent cranial nerve involvement, with radiological features of heterogenous soft tissue densities and bone erosion. Cases of chronic non-specific sinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis had more long-standing disease with a milder course and less ominous radiological features. Biopsy report from one of the patient’s was that of squamous cell carcinoma while the other patient was diagnosed with a sphenoid mucocoele.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ISSD is an uncommon entity in clinical practice with non-specific symptoms and a potential for grave complications. Therefore, the condition must be borne in mind by clinicians and prompt treatment must be initiated.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Study of incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Acharya Souvagini , Bepari Kamalini , Biswal Sabyasachi , Dash Sarita , Agrawal Priyanka , Mohapatra Dipali , Naik Sujit , Das Aurobinda 
Published: February 2022

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The aim was assessment of sensorineural hearing loss incidence in allergic rhinitis. Anatomical and physiological relation of nose with ear increases the possibility of conductive hearing loss in allergic rhinitis, but association of sensorineural hearing loss is least studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 patients with clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis were compared with age and gender matched controls. All participants were subjected for pure tone audiometry; distortion product otoacoustic emission and tympanometry. Facts and statistics were analysed by chi-square and t- test with significance at p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Study population had sensorineural hearing loss which was in high frequencies, distortion product otoacoustic emissions revealed low distortion product and mostly “A” type tympanogram when compared with the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We found patients having allergic rhinitis are prone to sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p>
Clinical and histopathological correlation in patients with chronic tonsillitis
Authors: Nemade Sanjana V. , Yadav Lakshmikant B. 
Published: February 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic tonsillitis is diagnosed when an individual has 7 episodes of tonsillitis in 1 year, 5 episodes in 2 consecutive years, or 3 episodes each year for 3 years consecutively. There is correlation of clinical and histopathological findings in patients with chronic tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is prospective study which is aimed at correlation of clinical and histopathological findings in chronic tonsillitis patients underwent tonsillectomy. This was carried out in tertiary care hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India. In our study, 25 patients of chronic tonsillitis underwent tonsillectomy were included. In this we have examined the histopathology of tonsillar tissue section in correlation with the clinical manifestations of tonsillar diseases that were due to infection. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In pathological examination of palatine tonsil, underlying subepithelial tissue showed many lymphoid follicles with prominent germinal centres comprising of centrocytes, centroblasts, immunoblasts, small and large lymphocytes in 19 patients (76%). 13 patients (52%) showed prominent germinal centres with bites of salivary gland and muscle tissue. 6 patients (24%) showed prominent germinal centre with mild lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory cell infiltrate. In 4 patients (16%), tissue lined by stratified squamous epithelium showed focal ulceration. 3 patients (12%) showed stratified squamous epithelium with granulation tissue. Crush artifact were noted in 3 patients (12%). 2 patients (8%) had small granules with actinomycotic species colonies within the palatine tonsilar crypts. Only 1 patient (4%) showing keratin impacted in tonsilar tissue.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is strong correlation between histopathological examination suggestive of lymphoid hypertrophy and grading of palatine tonsil hypertrophy.</p>
Autologous serum therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria: useful in both ASST positive and negative patients
Authors: Talwar Vijayalakshmi , Bhaskar Puspha 
Published: February 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic urticaria is a common disorder that affects 0.1% of the population. Point prevalence is between 0.5 and 1.0% for chronic spontaneous urticaria. Functional IgG antibodies against IgE or high-affinity IgE receptors can be detected in 25-30% of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Autologous serum therapy is a novel and cost-effective therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate Autologous serum therapy's (AST) efficacy in chronic urticaria patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 106 patients with chronic urticaria were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups based on autologous serum skin therapy- ASST positive and ASST negative. Intramuscular injection of 0.05 ml/kg of autologous serum was injected every week for up to 9 weeks. Urticaria activity scoring (UAS) questionnaire was used to quantify the symptoms before the therapy and at nine weeks.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant improvement in urticaria activity score was noted in both groups of the patients from the baseline and at nine weeks. (UAS reduced from 15.3 to 10.8 in ASST positive patients, and in ASST negative patients, UAS decreased from 16.2 to 10.1). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both ASST positive and ASST negative patients showed significant improvement at nine weeks after starting autologous serum therapy. AST can be an effective modality for both patients.</p>
The History and Principles of American Personalism: A Comparison of the Harvard and Boston University Schools
Authors: Auxier Randall 
Published: February 2022

The author of this article outlines the background of American personalist philosophy and theology, and then he traces these German roots through to the two primary schools of American personalist thought: the Boston University and the Harvard schools of personalism. Along the way he points to the major points on influence and divergence of the development of American personalism. He summarizes the principles of both schools as well as the views rejected, both philosophical and religious, by personalists.
Qadhiyyat al-Riddah fi al-Islam
Authors: Rizky HK Muhammad , Ghulam Ahmad Agus 
Published: February 2022

Apostasy is one of the major sins and the greatest crimes in Islam. Rather, it is related to the principle of Islam, faith to the one God an the Prophet Muhammad. The apostate had previously believed and believed in Allah, then turned from truth to falsehood and became an unbeliever. This apostasy represents a major betrayal to the God and His Messenger. That is why God Almighty has promised to those who apostatize from his religion, the decline of deeds in this world and torment in the hereafter. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, promised to kill him when he said: (Whoever changes his religion, kill him). Apostasy is also measured by murder and adultery in its commentary. This article aims to explore the dialogue between ‘ulama about apostasy by describing and comparing all mazhab. Hence, the scholars differed in bringing rulings for the apostate from Islam. And every opinion has its inference, which we have mentioned for a long time. Among these different opinions regarding the punishment for apostasy between the proven and the defiant. The appointment of a person of apostasy is submitted to the judge in the court, as well as applying the punishment to him according to the judge’s judiciary after the conditions for that are met. The differences are expected to be able to bring a lot of dialogue on the table, so that in the future there will be no more tendency to commit violence against people who change their religions.
Study of the effects of cosmetic preparations containing resveratrol on facial skin ageing process
Authors: Buciak Kamila , Urbańska Maria , Igielska‑Kalwat Joanna , Seraszek‑Jaros Agnieszka , Wróblewska‑Kończalik Katarzyna , Gornowicz‑Porowska Justyna 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Skin ageing is a natural process occurring under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. Due to its properties, resveratrol can be used as an active ingredient of anti‑ageing cosmetics intended for skin protection against the photoaging process.Aim. The aim of this research paper was to assess the influence of a series of treatments and home skin care based on preparations containing resveratrol and other natural ingredients, on the facial skin ageing processes delay.Material and Methods. The study included 15 women, aged 30–65, with healthy facial skin and with minor or major signs of skin ageing, such as: loss of moisture, loss of skin firmness, enlarged pores, or wrinkles. The study consisted in performing a series of 3 Resveravit C Peel 50% Back To Comfort treatments at a beauty studio, supplemented with home skin care with the use of Resveravit C anti‑ageing preparations, and skin analysis with the use of POLDERMA EXPLORE 3D instrument, before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed.Results. Skin parameters analysis has shown that Resveravit C Peel 50% Back To Comfort treatment and home treatment with Resveravit C anti‑ageing improved the skin firmness, reduced the number of wrinkles, and enlarged pores, and reduced brown spots.Conclusions. Treatments and cosmetic preparations containing resveratrol can effectively reduce the signs of skin ageing.
Hip replacement in children with femoral head collapse and hip joint degeneration. Two case reports.
Authors: Megremis Panos , Megremis Orestis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are several pathological conditions in children, such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, femoral head avascular necrosis, which can progress to disabling hip joint destruction. These children undergo surgeries, such as hip arthrodesis, in an attempt to postpone hip replacement so that it can be done at an older age. Unfortunately, hip arthrodesis significantly limits their ability to actively engage in activities that require full hip mobility. For these children, active participation in games and sports activities remains an important factor for their physical development and mental health. On the contrary, hip arthroplasty can ensure a pain-free, unrestricted range of hip movement, but are doubts as to its viability over time, especially in young people who exhibit intense activity. We report successful hip replacement in two children, fourteen years of age and younger, with femoral head collapse and disabling joint degeneration due to avascular necrosis of the femoral head, whom the hip replacement was considered the only surgical treatment ensuring a painless hip joint. For the clinical assessment of these two hips, we used the online Harris hip score, preoperatively and postoperatively. No intraoperative or early postoperative complications occurred. Follow-up was conducted at six weeks, six months, and then at an annual clinical and Radiological evaluation. At the final seven-year- follow-up, these two children had greatly improved their function hip score considerably. Hip arthroplasty can ensure a pain-free, unrestricted range of hip movement in young children when their hip joint is severely affected.
Alpha-fetoprotein is not a risk factor of metastasis for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity- matched analysis
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Wang Anjiang , Zhang Tingting , Chen Sihai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Metastasis is crucial for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Distinguishing the potential risk factors for distant metastasis in small HCC (diameter ≤ 5 cm) is of great significance for improving the prognosis.
Patients and methods:
HCC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry with tumors ≤ 5 cm in diameter between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrieved. Demographic and clinicopathological metrics were extracted, including age, sex, race, marital status, tumor size, histological grade, T stage, N stage, M stage, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and liver fibrosis score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors correlated with extrahepatic metastasis in small HCC. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the confounding factors in baseline characteristics.
Results
A total of 4,176 eligible patients were divided into a non-metastasis group (n = 4,033) and a metastasis group (n = 143) based on metastasis status. In multivariate analysis, larger tumor size, poor histological differentiation, regional lymph node metastasis, and elevated serum AFP levels were identified as independent risk factors for distant metastasis (P < 0.05), while age, sex, race, marital status, and liver fibrosis score were not associated with extrahepatic metastasis. After propensity score analysis, the AFP level was no longer associated with metastatic risk.
Conclusion
AFP may not be a metastatic risk for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Clinical and molecular analysis of four unrelated Chinese families with pathogenic KLHL40 variants causing nemaline myopathy 8
Authors: Yuan Haiming , Wang Qingming , Zeng Xiumei , He Peiqing , Xu Wanfang , Liu Yanhui , Lin Yangyang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the KLHL40 gene cause nemaline myopathy 8 (NEM8), a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by prenatal polyhydramnios, fetal akinesia or hypokinesia, joint contractures, fractures, respiratory failure and dysphagia. Currently, 46 individuals with NEM8 have been described in the literature, and 30 variants in KLHL40 have been identified. Here, we reported five individuals from four unrelated Chinese families who presented common features of nemaline myopathy and infrequent clinical characteristics. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the causative gene. WES identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C (p. Thr506Pro) and a novel frameshift variant c.543del (p. Ser182Profs*17) in KLHL40 in patient 1, a nonsense variant c.602G>A (p. Trp201*) and a missense variant c.1516A>C (p. Thr506Pro) in KLHL40 in patient 2, and homozygous variant c.1516A>C (p. Thr506Pro) in KLHL40 in patient 3 and both siblings (patients 4 and 5), all of which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Next, we estimated the incidence of this disorder in the southern and northern Chinese population to be 4.59/106 and 2.95/106, respectively, based on the cumulative allele frequency of pathogenic variants in internal database. The results of our study expand the mutation spectrum of KLHL40 and enrich our understanding of the clinical characteristics of NEM8. Genetic counseling was provided for the four families involved in this study. Given the severity and the relatively high incidence of this condition, we strongly suggest that KLHL40 be incorporated into a carrier screening panel for the Chinese population.
Metformin-Induced Alterations In Gills Of The Freshwater Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Lütken, 1875) Detected By Histological And Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Barbieri Pablo , Mari-Ribeiro Isabelle Pereira , Lupepsa Luara , Gigliolli Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis , Paupitz Brennda Ribeiro , de Melo Rafael Fernando , Mello Eneri Vieira de Souza Leite , Portela-Castro Ana Luiza de Brito , Borin-Carvalho Luciana Andreia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin is widely prescribed and found in high concentrations in the environment around the world, raising concern about potential impacts on aquatic life. Fish have a fundamental ecological role and are considered excellent experimental models in ecotoxicology studies. Gills of fish are extremely sensitive to even minor chemical or physical changes in the surroundings, mainly because of the large surface of the respiratory epithelium and the high perfusion rate, which both facilitate the entry of pollutants into this tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of morphological changes in the gills of Astyanax lacustris exposed to metformin. The animals were subjected to different concentrations of the drug (50 ug/L, 100 ug/L, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L) for a period of 90 days. Histopathological analyses were performed using light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The main changes were lamellar fusion, telangiectasia hyperplasia and disappearance of microridges. The observed effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations, pointing to a concern that metformin may pose a risk to Astyanax lacustris and likely to other fish species.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Irrigation Water Requirement in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Li Yaqi , Chen Yaning , Duan Weili , Cao Mengzhu , Qin Jingxiu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Agricultural irrigation consumes most of the fresh water in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), directly affecting water resource management and allocation. Irrigation water demand is an important part of regional water resources management. Herein, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of irrigation water requirement, irrigation demand index (IDI), and proposed regional optimization of irrigation water use based on the Bayesian probability network. The results showed that: (1) The IDI in the study area increased slightly (trend slope = 0.028a− 1) as the effective precipitation increased by 63% during this period, and total irrigation water requirement (IR) decreased from 277.61 km3 in 2000 to 240 km3 in 2015 (2) The highest crop IDI was exhibited by cotton, followed by maize and wheat. (3) According to the comprehensive scenario analysis, improving the crop planting structure (by moderately increasing the planting proportion of maize in the CPEC) is conducive to improving regional water and food security by enhancing grain yield (+ 9%), reducing the malnourished population (low state + 7.2%), and bolstering water-saving irrigation technology as well as water conveyance systems in Pakistan. Our results pave the way toward sustainable water resource utilization management in the CPEC.