bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of linear low‐density polyethylene nanocomposite films for storage of sugarcane juice
Authors: Manikantan M.R. , Pandiselvam R. , Arumuganathan T. , Varadharaju N. , Sruthi N. U. , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSugarcane juice is a cheap and popular product in the beverage industry, with colors varying from light gray to dark green containing abundant amounts of polyphenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, minerals, and pigments. With ample sucrose content, sugarcane juice has evolved as the primary raw material for manufacturing 70% of the world's sugar content. Despite having high nutritional value, the shelf life of juice is a severe concern owing to the onset of microbial activities, which speeds up the fermentation process immediately after the extraction, which calls for appropriate packaging for delaying the qualitative degradation. For this purpose, the physicochemical properties, microbial stability, and color properties of “Mandya” variety sugarcane juice was ascertained upon storage in developed nanocomposite films made of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) by varying the levels of compatibilizer, nanoclay, and thickness. Upon evaluating the results, it was observed that the critical physicochemical attributes, namely, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total sugars, and overall acceptability, were found to decrease with an increase in the level of nanoclay and compatibilizer and decrease in film thickness. Zero plate counts were observed till day 15 of storage, and a gradual increase was noticed in the further days. Correspondingly, an increase in the overall color difference with the progression of storage also occurred. It was concluded from the analysis that film of 100 μm thickness prepared from a combination of 93% LLDPE, 5% compatibilizer, and 2% nanoclay gave superior shelf life, minimum change in quality parameters, and least microbial population in sugarcane juice.Practical ApplicationFruit juice industries are interested in using packaging films with high tensile strength and low permeability instead of expensive glass bottles. Nanocomposite technology could be an effective tool for developing high‐barrier packaging material. LLDPE has many applications for developing both rigid form and flexible films. Most research studies on sugarcane juice preservation are confined to bottling, and there is a scarcity of information on the storage of sugarcane juice in pouches. In this context, the goal of the present study is to develop a cost‐effective packaging technology for the storage of sugarcane juice.
Surgical techniques used in the management of intra‐arachnoid diverticula in dogs across four referral centres and their immediate outcome
Authors: Jones B. , Behr S. , Shaw T. , Cappello R. , Jeffery N. , Liebel F. X. , Harcourt‐Brown T. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo report the surgical techniques being used to treat single focal spinal intra‐arachnoid diverticula in dogs, their complications and immediate postoperative outcomes.Materials and MethodsRetrospective multi‐centre case series across four referral centres.ResultsFifty‐seven dogs were included in the study. The most common type of surgery was durectomy (28 dogs) followed by marsupialisation (11 dogs), durotomy alone (seven dogs), shunt placement (six dogs) and stabilisation (five dogs).A higher proportion of intra‐arachnoid shunt dogs became unable to walk in the immediate postoperative period (24 hours postsurgery) (4/6, 66%) compared to all dogs five of 57, 9% (2/7 durotomy alone, 3/28 durectomy alone). Of the nine dogs with immediate postoperative deterioration, seven had improved, walking without assistance, by 3 to 5 weeks postoperatively.Clinical SignificanceThis study does not identify an influence of surgical technique on short‐term outcome. Dogs with a thoracolumbar intra‐arachnoid diverticulum that undergo a shunt placement are likely to deteriorate neurologically in the immediate 24‐hour postoperative period but appear to improve by 3 to 5 weeks after surgery. Further work is required to evaluate whether one surgical technique is superior for preventing or reducing long‐term relapse.
Gene mining of 100‐grain weight and the number of four‐seed pods in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Wang Nan Nan , Jiang Hong Wei , Zhang Zhan Guo , Li Ying Ying , Li Can Dong , Song Ying Bo , Li Yu , Yu Yan , Liu Chun Yan , Hu Zhen Bang , Qi Zhao Ming , Zhu Rong Sheng , Shan Da Peng , Jin Zhen Guo , Xin Da Wei , Wu Xiao Xia , Chen Qing Shan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe number of four‐seed pods and 100‐grain weight are important yield components in soybean. Typically, they are negatively correlated traits. Generally, soybean varieties with a high 100‐grain weight and a higher number of three‐ or four‐seed pods are more likely to obtain a high yield. It is difficult to select for double‐excellent traits that meet the needs of farmers and the market using conventional breeding methods. The purpose of this study was to mine genes associated with the number of four‐seed pods and 100‐grain weight in soybean. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing was performed on four specific chromosome segment substitution lines (HWMN, HWFN, LWMN and LWFN) combined with the distribution of blocks imported from wild soybean DNA fragments and gene annotation. The material was sampled in each of the eight development stages. Among them, globular embryo formation, heart embryo formation, and cotyledon primordium formation were used to mine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 3792 DEGs were identified, and 25 expression patterns were obtained by the K‐means rapid clustering method. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed by Agrigo, and a total of 43 GO terms were enriched. Through annotation analysis, 126 DEGs associated with seed size and number were obtained. Combined with analysis of the introduced DNA fragments of wild soybean ZYD00006, 19 genes that eventually aligned on those blocks were obtained. Six representative genes were selected as candidate genes, namely,Glyma.07G218200,Glyma.05G162100,Glyma.19G240800,Glyma.04G180300,Glyma.05G214400andGlyma.12G146700. They may regulate the formation of 100‐grain weight and the number of four‐seed pods, which will provide reference information for the genetic improvement of agronomic traits, such as seed number per pod and 100‐grain weight of soybean, in the future and will enrich the theoretical basis of high yield in soybean.
Characterization of alternatively spliced transcript variants of glycophorin A and glycophorin B genes in Chinese blood donors
Authors: Liang Yanlian , Ren Jianwei , Zhong Fuling , Hong Wenxu , Su Yuqing , Wu Fan , Liang Shuang , Liu Jun , Fang Shuanghua , Liang Yanwen , Fan Xiuchu , Lin Jiansuo , Liu Yi , Feng Bo , Xu Yunping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe molecular basis of MNS blood group variants is not fully clear yet. In this study, we have characterized mRNA variants of GYPA and GYPB genes to reveal whether alternative RNA splicing may cause antigenic diversity of the MNS system.Materials and MethodsTotal RNA was extracted from peripheral blood of Chinese blood donors and full‐length cDNA products were generated. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method was established for fragment amplification and Sanger sequencing. Resulted full‐length mRNA sequences were aligned with GYPA or GYPB genomic sequences respectively for exon identification. Amino acid (AA) sequences of GPA and GPB proteins were extrapolated and GYPA‐EGFP, GYPB‐EGFP fusion genes were generated to monitor subcellular distribution of the encoded glycophorin (GP) proteins.ResultsTotally 10 blood samples were analysed. GYPB mRNAs of all the subjects demonstrated frequent exon insertion or deletion whereas this kind of variation was only observed in 3 of 10 GYPA mRNA samples. None of the reported Miltenberger hybrids was detected in any of the mRNA samples. The alternative splicing resulted in changes of AA sequences in N‐terminal domains where the MNS antigenic motifs resided; however, subcellular localizations of GP‐EGFP fusion proteins showed that the above‐mentioned AA changes did not affect cell surface distribution of the encoded GP proteins.ConclusionsAlternative RNA splicing may influence the antigenic features of GP proteins but not their cell surface distribution. Therefore, GYPA and GYPB mRNA characterization might be an invaluable supplement to serological phenotyping and DNA‐based genotyping in MNS blood grouping.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Trigger Digits in a Random Sampling of a Japanese Population Registry between 50 and 89 Years of Age
Authors: OKITA Genki , HAYASHI Masanori , IKEGAMI Shota , IWAKAWA Hiroko , HARO Hirotaka , KATO Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

Background: Trigger digit(s) (TD) is one of the most common disorders of the hand in the elderly population. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors for TD in an elderly Japanese population. Methods: We randomly sampled 1,297 subjects between the ages of 50 and 89 years from the population registry of a town in Japan. About 413 subjects agreed to participate in the study, and all were examined for the presence of TD. Subjects were divided into three groups namely history of treatment for TD in the past (PTD), current evidence of TD (CTD) or both (BTD). The prevalence of TD was weighted by age according to the composition of the Japanese population. Age, female gender, obesity, hard manual work, exposure to vibration tools, sports activity, smoking, alcohol, wrist fracture, hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome were assessed as risk factors for TD using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty subjects had TD. This included 18, 19 and 3 subjects with PTD, CTD and BTD, respectively. The weighted prevalence of TD was 9.7% (female, 14.3%; male, 4.4%) in the Japanese population aged 50–89 years. Age 70–79 and female gender were identified as risk factors for TD. Conclusions: The random sampling of a Japanese population registry between the ages of 50 and 89 years revealed the prevalence of TD as 9.7% and identified age between 70 and 79 and female gender as risk factors for developing TD. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
“Povo quer”. Mas que povo quer o quê? A propósito das “Revoluções Árabes”
Authors: Laacher Smaïn 
Published: February 2022

A literatura sobre o que se chamou de “primaveras árabes” é atualmente abundante. Numerosas são as obras e os artigos que se propuseram a esclarecer e interpretar os protestos públicos que tangem com alcance inédito um número muito grande de países árabes. Propomo-nos, nos desenvolvimentos que se seguem, pôr em relevo de maneira sintética algumas perspectivas analíticas que podem resumir ascaracterísticas principais destas revoluções atrasadas. É preciso render-se à evidência: subverter uma ditadura não significa modificar substancialmente os paradigmas que estão no fundamento da ordem social e das estruturas mentais.
Recuperação Fiscal da Receita do ISSQN da Cadeia Produtiva de Petróleo, Gás, Etanol, Energia e seus Derivados no Município de Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.
Authors: Cesário Nilson Viana 
Published: February 2022

O propósito deste artigo é problematizar a necessidade da Estruturação Fiscal do Município de Duque de Caxias - RJ com fins de garantir a receita do Imposto Sobre Serviço de Qualquer Natureza - ISSQN, dos Contratos de Serviços da Cadeia Produtiva de Petróleo, Gás, Etanol, Energia e seus Derivados, tendo sido produzido mecanismo para impedir que ocorresse a evasão deste imposto para outros Municípios. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualiquanti, com metodologia de pesquisa documental de fonte direta e indireta, procedimento de revisão bibliográfica, além da observação empírica. Foram analisados os relatórios em que estavam registradas todas as ocorrências referentes à retenção e ao recolhimento do ISSQN nas empresas com atividades na Cadeia Produtiva e executados nos contratos de serviço dos últimos cinco anos (fevereiro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2017) da gestão da Secretaria Municipal de Fazenda e Planejamento de Duque de Caxias - RJ, e o acesso foi possível através da autorização do Governo Municipal. A partir desta análise, encontrou-se falhas na gestão fiscal tributária municipal, dentre elas, na legislação municipal, a qual não garantia a o recolhimento e nem a retenção do Imposto pelo município. Ocorrência identificada pela Diretoria de Petróleo, Gás e Energia, que observou-se a evasão fiscal para outros municípios do Imposto Sobre Serviço de Qualquer Natureza ISSQN. No decorrer do processo de pesquisa, este fato foi apresentado ao Prefeito da Cidade, que autorizou a elaboração a Lei 2887/2017, que estruturou a fiscalização tributária municipal, garantindo a retenção e o recolhimento do ISSQN no Município de Duque de Caxias a partir de 02 de Janeiro de 2018, sendo identificada e extinta a causa do desvio do ISSQN para outros Municípios.
Identifying Best Practices to Improve Evaluation and Management of In-Hospital Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Nouh Amre , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Furie Karen L. , Kernan Walter N. , Olson DaiWai M. , Testai Fernando D. , Alberts Mark J. , Hussain Mohammed A. , Cumbler Ethan U. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: February 2022

This scientific statement describes a path to optimizing care for patients who experience an in-hospital stroke. Although these patients are in a monitored environment, their evaluation and treatment are often delayed compared with patients presenting to the emergency department, contributing to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Reducing delays and optimizing treatment for patients with in-hospital stroke could improve outcomes. This scientific statement calls for the development of hospital systems of care and targeted quality improvement for in-hospital stroke. We propose 5 core elements to optimize in-hospital stroke care:
1. Deliver stroke training to all hospital staff, including how to activate in-hospital stroke alerts.
2. Create rapid response teams with dedicated stroke training and immediate access to neurological expertise.
3. Standardize the evaluation of patients with potential in-hospital stroke with physical assessment and imaging.
4. Address barriers to treatment potentially, including interfacility transfer to advanced stroke treatment.
5. Establish an in-hospital stroke quality oversight program delivering data-driven performance feedback and driving targeted quality improvement efforts. Additional research is needed to better understand how to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of in-hospital stroke.
Ockham and Chatton on Intellective Intuition
Authors: Amerini Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intellective intuitive cognition plays a key role in William of Ockham’s philosophy. On many occasions, Walter Chatton argues that this kind of cognition is unnecessary. Chatton has two main arguments for his point. First, he raises doubts about the possibility of distinguishing intellective intuitive cognition from sensory intuitive cognition. The former always arises with the latter, and whatever we can explain through the former, we can explain equally well through the latter. Second, he argues that we cannot separate the intellective intuitive cognition of a singular thing from the cognition of the species of that thing. We cannot intuitively and intellectively cognize a thing without recognizing that thing as a thing of a certain kind. Chatton’s conclusion is that since we can never experience an act of intellective intuitive cognition in itself, it is superfluous to posit this act of cognition. We can explain the singular cognition of an extramental singular simply by making the cognition of its species and the sensory intuitive cognition of it interact with each other.
A Husserlian Critique of Pannenberg’s Understanding of Subjectivity
Authors: Kim Kyung Phil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I argue that Wolfhart Pannenberg’s view of human subjectivity presupposes a metaphysics of eternity that both contracts and expands the human subject. For this purpose, Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is a useful criterion. Pannenberg rejects substantialist theories of subjectivity that give priority to the agency of the ego over the passivity of the self. Following Friedrich Schleiermacher, Pannenberg thinks self-reflection must be grounded on a symbiotic totality of life, and he views essences, even of subjectivity, as determined by that totality. In contrast, Husserl provides both an essentialist theory of subjectivity and a viable model for self-reflection that does not suffer from infinite regress. Husserl does more justice to the mineness of consciousness and the agency of the ego, while not discarding the narrativity of the self.
When Democracies Perish Democratically – Then What?
Authors: Royer Christof 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article engages with the recently published volume Wenn Demokratien demokratisch untergehen (Vienna: Passagen Verlag, 2019). This work, which is available in German only, focuses on the danger that democracies perish democratically. Today’s crisis of democracy, so the argument of the volume goes, is that while there are – at least formally – more democracies than ever before, there are forces that erode democracy’s fundamental principles and values from within the democratic space.
The purpose of this essay is to introduce the arguments of leading democratic theorists to a non-German speaking audience, to construct a narrative that brings to the fore the multiple challenges that democratic societies face today, and finally, to warn against a certain anti-progressive habit in democratic and political theory.
La responsabilidad de crecer en el conflicto
Authors: Useche Acevedo Laura Daniela 
Published: February 2022

Pese al acuerdo sobre la proscripción del reclutamiento de menores representado principalmente en su carácter de crímen de guerra, no es claro si quienes cumplen la mayoría de edad al interior del grupo armado son sujetos de protección o deben responder ante la justicia penal por los crímenes cometidos, así como el alcance de esta responsabilidad. Al interior de la Corte Penal Internacional la dualidad de criterios se hace evidente cuando, por un lado, se condena únicamente por reclutamiento de menores a Thomas Lubanga, pero a la vez se juzga de manera plena a Dominic Ongwen por los crímenes cometidos siendo mayor de edad sin tener en cuenta su temprano reclutamiento.
De la misma manera, en el escenario colombiano existen posturas a favor y en contra de la responsabilidad, aunque la justicia se ha decantado por una eventual responsabilidad por hechos cometidos durante la minoría de edad pero responsabilidad plena para aquellos perpetrados siendo mayor. Así, la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz se enfrenta a un escenario en el que deberá conciliar argumentos contradictorios y hacer uso efectivo de sus características únicas con el fin de lograr verdadera justicia para todas las víctimas del conflicto colombiano.
Americanization and the planetary spread of ethnic conflict: the globalization trap | La americanización y la expansión planetaria del conflicto étnico: La trampa de la globalización
Authors: Conversi Daniele 
Published: February 2022

In contrast to mainstream, conventional view of globalisation as a force for ‘good’, the article argues that the current form of cultural globalization needs to be conceptualised as synonymous with Americanization. As a form of cultural replacement and destruction of world cultures, globalization has engendered conflict on a series of levels. Because the process is one-way and unidirectional, the result is anything but the fusion between nations and amalgamation of ethnic groups. Contrary to the gospel preached by the evangelists of unrestrained globalization, the imposition of more and more American mass products and cultural icons means less and less possibilities for direct inter-ethnic encounter, communication and mutual understanding among nations. In its current form, globalization means conflict and, ultimately, international conflict.Keywords: Ethnic conflict; Nationalism; Globalization.RESUMENEn contraste con la visión convencional de la globalización como una fuerza del "bien", el artículo sostiene que la forma actual de globalización cultural debe conceptualizarse como sinónimo de americanización. En cuanto forma de sustitución cultural y destrucción de las culturas del mundo, la globalización ha provocado conflictos en varios niveles. Debido a que el proceso es unidireccional, el resultado no puede ser la auspiciada ‘fusión’ entre naciones y grupos étnicos. Al contrario del evangelio materialista predicado por los fundamentalistas de la globalización desenfrenada, la imposición de más y más productos de masas e iconos culturales estadounidenses significa cada vez menos posibilidades de encuentro interétnico, menos comunicación y menos entendimiento mutuo entre naciones. En su forma actual, la globalización significa conflicto y, en última instancia, conflicto internacional.Palabras-clave: Conflicto étnico; Nacionalismo; Globalización. Recebido em: 30 out. 2021 | Aceito em: 23 dez. 2021.
Dos Párias aos Pares: as redes sociais na formação do reconhecimento dos foreign Fighters | From Outsider to the Peers: the social networks in the foreign fighters recognition formation
Authors: Medeiros Jessika Cardoso de 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo investiga as redes sociais do Estado Islâmico e como elas são usadas para o recrutamento de novos combatentes estrangeiros, conhecidos como foreign fighters. E ao mesmo tempo, é nas redes sociais em que esses combatentes procuram o reconhecimento que pode lhes ser negado ou ignorado dentro da sociedade em que estão previamente inseridos. Para a realização desta análise, o presente trabalho foi dividido em três sessões: a primeira é focada na apresentação do Al Hayat Media Center, que consiste no centro de mídia do Estado Islâmico responsável pela confecção e propagação da propaganda, consequentemente das redes sociais; a segunda sessão é feita uma análise das redes sociais e como elas auxiliam no recrutamento; por fim, o reconhecimento é utilizado para embasar a procura pelo Estado Islâmico por esses indivíduos.Palavras-Chave: Redes Sociais; foreign fighters; Reconhecimento. ABSTRACTThis article investigates the social networks of the Islamic State and how they deployed for the recruitment of new foreign fighters. And at the same time, it is in social networks that these fighters seek the recognition that can be denied or ignored within the society upon which they inserted. For this analysis, the present work was divided into three sessions: the first is focus on the presentation of the Al Hayat Media Center, which consists of the Islamic State’s media center responsible for confection and propagation of propaganda, consequently liable for the social networks; the second session consists an analysis of social networks and how they assist in recruitment; finally, recognition was applied to support the Islamic State’s demand for these individuals. Keywords: Social networks; foreign fighters; Recognition. Recebido em: 06 jul. 2021 | Aceito em: 10 jan. 2022.
VALORIZAÇÕES EM SOBCORPOS QUADRÁTICOS EM ÁLGEBRA DE QUATÉRNIOS SOBRE OS RACIONAIS
Authors: Neves Henrique Santos 
Published: February 2022

A Teoria de Valorização teve início em 1912, quando o matemático hungaro Josef Kurschak formulou os axiomas de valorização em corpos. A principal motivaçao foi a tentativa de melhorar a fundamentaçao da teoria de corpos p-adicos definidos por Kurt Hensel.