bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A slimmer and deeper approach to deep network structures for low‐level vision tasks
Authors: Xu Boyan , Yin Hujun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep network design is a fundamental challenge. A right trade‐off between depth and complexity of convolutional neural networks is of significant importance to applications in low‐level vision tasks. Wider feature maps could be beneficial to performance and generality but would increase computational complexity. In this paper, we rethink the balance between width of the feature maps and depth of the network especially for image restoration tasks including deblurring, dehazing, super‐resolution, and denoising. We explore a new approach to network structure by encouraging more depth to deal with restoration requirements while decreasing the width of some feature maps. Such a slimmer and deeper approach can enhance the performance while maintaining the same level of computational costs. We have experimentally evaluated the performances of the proposed approach on four image restoration tasks and obtained state‐of‐the‐art results on quantitative measures and qualitative assessments, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
The agreement between measured HbA1c and optimized target HbA1c based on the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 8‐items (DASC‐8): A cross‐sectional study of elderly patients with diabetes
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Yokota Isao , Cho Kyu Yong , Kameda Hiraku , Nomoto Hiroshi , Takase Takahiro , Omori Kazuno , Ono Mayuko , Nagai So , Taneda Shinji , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: July 2022

AimTo investigate the achievement of individualized target HbA1c based on the Japanese guideline after geriatric assessment with the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 8‐items (DASC‐8) and to evaluate patient characteristics acting as barriers to achieving the target HbA1c in elderly outpatients with diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled 303 Japanese outpatients aged ≥65 years with diabetes. Their health status was measured using the DASC‐8. The target HbA1c was optimized for each patient by the guideline based on the DASC‐8 score and use of drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia. Patient characteristics related to the agreement between measured HbA1c and target HbA1c were extracted by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean age was 73.0 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.2 kg/m2. The agreement between measured HbA1c and target HbA1c was 43.9% (95% confidence interval: 38.4%–50.0%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the agreement in patients with drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia was significantly lower than in those without these drugs (37.8% vs. 60.5%, P = 0.0004). In patients with these drugs, higher BMI (P = 0.0271) and higher fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.0034) were independent related factors for measured HbA1c being higher than target HbA1c. Vulnerable elderly patients (P = 0.0116) and not taking sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (P = 0.0186) were independent related factors for inappropriately lower HbA1c.ConclusionsThe agreement between measured HbA1c and target HbA1c was low in elderly patients with diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 560–567.
Association between care rehabilitation and the risk of fracture hospitalization in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Ning , Babazono Akira , Ishihara Reiko , Li Yunfei , Jamal Aziz , Kim Sung‐A , Matsuda Shinya 
Published: July 2022

AimThis study examined whether there is an association between continuous care rehabilitation (CR) and the risk of fracture hospitalization among people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) aged >75 years with mild‐to‐moderate care needs level.MethodsA retrospective study design based on the merging of medical claims and long‐term care insurance claims data was used. Before propensity score matching, of the 2177 participants, 222 received continuous CR, whereas 1955 did not. After matching using a 1:4 ratio, we identified 222 patients in the CR group and 888 patients in the non‐CR groups. We carried out a survival analysis to clarify the association between CR and the risk of fracture hospitalization.ResultsAfter matching, there was a significant difference between the CR and non‐CR groups in 3 years (stratified log‐rank test by age P = 0.036) and in 4 years (stratified log‐rank test by age P = 0.011). The CR group was significantly associated with delays of hospital admission due to fracture within 3 years (hazard ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.99; P = 0.047) and within 4 years (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.88; P = 0.010).ConclusionsOur study showed that older people with Parkinson's disease who continuously received CR had a lower risk of fracture hospitalization in 3 and 4 years than those who did not receive CR or received interrupted CR. Considering our participants with a mild‐to‐moderate care needs level, a sustainable CR service might benefit people with Parkinson's disease from an early time when their activities of daily living are still intact and cognitive function has not deteriorated. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 628–634.
Exploring patient acceptability of a short‐stay care pathway in hospital post arthroplasty: A theory‐informed qualitative study
Authors: McDonald Cassie E. , Paynter Camille , Francis Jill J. , Rodda Daevyd , Bajwa Supreet , Jackson Dwane , Story David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionArthroplasty is an effective, yet costly, surgical procedure for end‐stage osteoarthritis. Shorter stays in hospital are being piloted in Australia. In some countries, short stay is established practice, associated with improving perioperative care and enhanced recovery after surgery practices. Exploring the acceptability to patients of a short stay care pathway in hospital postarthroplasty is important for informing health policy, adoption and potential scalability of this model of care.MethodsConsecutive patients at one site, at least 3 months post total joint arthroplasty, were invited to participate in theory‐informed semi‐structured qualitative interviews. The Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) informed development of the interview guide. Interview data were analysed using the Framework Method.ResultsEighteen patients were invited. Fifteen consented to be contacted and were interviewed. Short‐stay post arthroplasty was highly acceptable to patients who had the supports necessary to recover safely at home. Key findings were as follows: flexibility of short‐stay care pathway was essential and valued; prior beliefs and expectations informed acceptability; and the absence of out‐of‐pocket expenses had an incentivizing effect, but was not the primary reason for patients choosing this care pathway. Further themes analysed within the TFA constructs highlighted nuances of acceptability relating to this model of care.ConclusionsA short stay in hospital post arthroplasty appeared to be acceptable to patients who had experienced this care pathway. Our thematic findings identified aspects of the short‐stay care pathway that enhanced acceptability and some aspects that limited acceptability. These findings can inform refinement of the short‐stay care pathway.Patient or Public ContributionPatients/people with lived experience were not involved in the study design or conduct of this preliminary work; as this short‐stay model of care was recently introduced, only a small group of patients was eligible to participate in this study. This study is the first step towards understanding the experiences of patients about a short‐stay model of care post arthroplasty. The findings will help inform future patient and public involvement in expanding the programme.
Abductive Reasoning: A Design Thinking Experiment
Authors: Dreamson Neal , Khine Phyo Htet Htet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesign thinking fundamentally relies on abductive reasoning. Diverse thinking types such as divergent thinking, systems thinking, and empathetic thinking have been adopted in design thinking education. Yet, it is very rare to address abductive reasoning to be integrated in a design thinking course because of deductive validity and inductive strength. In practice, the quality of design thinking is judged from design outcomes in terms of creativity and innovation rather than the application of abductive reasoning in thinking that is necessary for educators to develop diverse instructional strategies for design thinking. Through a design thinking experiment where abductive reasoning was structured for groups of students to modify their chosen fairy stories by challenging identified lessons/values/beliefs, we articulated relevant strategies from case analysis. As a result, we discovered the following six strategies for abductive reasoning: questioning on socially given identity; restructuring a hierarchy of values; de‐ and re‐contextualisation; perspective‐taking; being intersubjective through body swapping; and developing imaginative empathy for compassion. The six strategies support pedagogical aspects of design thinking such as collaborative problem‐solving and analytic and empathetic engagement; and thus, design educators can use them in developing instructional strategies to facilitate abductive reasoning in design thinking.
Initial testing of components of the cultural determinants of trauma recovery (CDTR) theory amongst American Gender‐Based violence survivors: Structural equation modelling
Authors: Kita Sachiko , Zonp Zeynep , Saint Arnault Denise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWe tested key hypotheses derived from the Cultural Determinants of Trauma Recovery Theory (CDTR) with an American sample.DesignA cross‐sectional study using anonymous online surveys.MethodsThis study was conducted with 225 American survivors of gender‐based violence (GBV) between August to November 2019. Demographics, distress (depression: PHQ8; PTSD: PCL‐5), mental health service utilization (counselling and medication), sense of coherence (SOC), internal barriers to help‐seeking (shame, frozen and problem management subscales: BHS‐TR Internal) and the GBV healing (GBV‐Heal) were used. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe final SEM model showed that the relationship between distress and mental health service utilization was not mediated by internal help‐seeking barriers; the relationship between distress and trauma healing was partially mediated by internal help‐seeking barriers; the relationship between internal help‐seeking barriers and trauma healing was partially mediated by SOC; mental health service utilization was not significantly associated with trauma healing. Overall, the relationship between distress and trauma healing was partially mediated by internal help‐seeking barriers and SOC.ConclusionsThis study confirmed some hypothetical pathways between distress and trauma healing. Further research with larger and international samples should be necessary to test the overall CDTR and compare groups.ImpactThis study can help us focus on psychological interventions that enhance meaning and mitigate internal help‐seeking barriers to promote holistic trauma recovery. Public and public contribution: The sample was gathered from a clinical population registry that alerts patients of potential research opportunities.
Defining competencies for nurse anaesthetists: A Delphi study
Authors: Sanclemente‐Dalmau Montse , Galbany‐Estragués Paola , Palomar‐Aumatell Xavier , Rubinat‐Arnaldo Esther 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo define the competencies of nurse anaesthetists in the hospitals of Catalonia on the basis of their clinical practice through a consensus‐building process.DesignWe used the Delphi method to determine consensus among a group of 16 nurse anaesthetists.MethodsBetween February and June 2020, we administered a questionnaire of 142 questions distributed among seven domains: expert, communicator, collaborator, manager, health advocate, scholar and professional. Two rounds were conducted.ResultsIn round 1, 18 competencies were discarded and nine had inconclusive results. Eighteen competencies were proposed by participants. The nine competencies with inconclusive results and the 18 newly proposed competencies were considered in round 2. In round 2, three of these 27 competencies tested were discarded, and consensus was reached on the other 24.ConclusionHealth education and the empowerment of the patient and family are fundamental pillars in the practice of nurse anaesthetists in Spain, especially in pre‐anaesthetic assessment and pain care. These areas of practice can help define competencies in other countries where the profession of nurse anaesthetist is less developed.ImpactThe lack of regulation of the competencies of nurse anaesthetists leads to great variability in training and practice. The results can help in their standardization in Spain and in other countries lacking regulation. Our approach can also help policymakers and hospital administrators in health systems that are undergoing the process of regulation. The regulation of the competencies of nurse anaesthetists will allow them to contribute their expertise to the health‐illness continuum, increasing safety and improving the quality of care.
Distinct propagation patterns of right pulmonary veins through multiple epicardial connections during right atrial pacing and sinus rhythm
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Hayashi Kentaro , Ohta Masayuki , Izumi Chihiro , Masuda Naoki , Ogata Nobohiko , Isshiki Takaaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 47‐year‐old man with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent AF ablation. Activation maps during right atrial pacing and sinus rhythm before the ablation revealed distinctive left atrial (LA) propagations with multiple LA breakthrough sites via epicardial connections. A wide area circumferential ablation was not able to achieve a right pulmonary vein (RPV) isolation and required an inner PV ablation to isolate the RPV. Activation maps during different rhythms before the ablation may be helpful to unmask multiple epicardial connections between the RPV and right atrium.
Activation of adenosine A3 receptor attenuates progression of osteoarthritis through inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase‐1/GSDMD induced signalling
Authors: Bai Hui , Zhang Zhiheng , Liu Lin , Wang Xinyu , Song Xiaopeng , Gao Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe specific adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) agonist (CF101) has potential for inflammation and pain in various disease, such as arthritis, cancer and neuropathic pain, while the role of A3AR in post‐traumatic OA and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. CF101 was orally administrated in OA rats induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery, and the rat primary chondrocytes were stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 300 μM). Histologic grading system was performed for detecting cartilage degeneration and immunohistochemistry for determining pyroptosis. The moleculars associated with cartilage homeostasis and inflammatory cytokines were analysed; moreover, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was determined. CF101 treatment significantly attenuated OA cartilage damage, OA‐related pain and cartilage pyroptosis. Chondrocytes stimulated by H2O2 evoked ROS release, thereby promoting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and facilitating the cleavage of GSDMD, which ultimately resulted in the mass release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β and IL‐18, and production of matrix hydrolase. The pre‐treatment with CF101 powerfully inhibited the above process both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that activation of A3AR attenuates OA progression and relieves pain perception through suppression of cartilage degradation and inhibition of ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD signalling, indicating pyroptosis is a potential candidate for OA treatment.
Malignancy risk stratification for solitary pulmonary nodule: A clinical practice guideline
Authors: Chen Bojiang , Li Qianrui , Hao Qiukui , Tan Jing , Yan Lan , Zhu Yuqi , Hu Chengping , Qian Guisheng , Zhang Guozhen , Chen Liangan , Zhou Chengzhi , Zhang Jian , Sun Jiayuan , Jiang Li , Zhang Li , Wang Qi , Zhang Xiaoju , Jin Yang , He Yong , Song Yong , Sun Xin , Li Weimin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinical questionThe detection rate of the solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is increasing with the popularization of CT scanning. Malignancy risk stratification for SPN is a major clinical difficulty.Current practiceThere have been several guidelines for SPN assessment. Inconsistency of these guidelines makes the clinical application difficult and confusing.RecommendationsIn this Rapid Recommendation, solid and subsolid SPNs are recommended to be evaluated respectively. Six factors, namely the combination of age with sex, smoking history, history of malignancy, family history of malignancy, and nodule size, are recommended for malignancy risk stratification for both kinds of SPNs; the border of nodules (spiculation and lobulation) is recommended for evaluating solid SPNs and the density of nodules (pure or mixed ground‐glass nodule) is recommended for subsolid nodules. Among them, smoking history and radiologic features (nodule diameter, border, and density) are of relatively higher importance. A scoring system was proposed to assist malignancy risk stratification of SPNs, with a total score ranging from six points to 15 points (if solid) or 17 points (if subsolid). For each SPN, regardless of solid or subsolid in nature, a total score of ≤ 7 points suggested a low risk of being malignant, while 7 to 9 points suggested medium risk, and ≥ 9 points suggested high risk.How this guideline was createdThis rapid recommendation was developed using the MAGIC (Making GRADE the Irresistible Choice) methodological framework. First, a clinical subcommittee identified the topic of recommendation and requested evidence. Then, an independent evidence synthesis subcommittee performed a comprehensive literature review and evaluated the evidence. Finally, based on findings from the systematic review and use of real‐world data, the clinical subcommittee formulated recommendations, including the scoring system, through a consensus procedure.The evidenceA total of 13857 patients with SPNs were included in the meta‐analysis and the association between 12 candidate factors and the risk of SPNs being malignant was studied. Eventually, seven factors were recommended for SPNs evaluation, and a scoring system was proposed.Understanding the recommendationThe parameters included are objective. Therefore, this recommendation is feasible in clinical practice. However, there are several uncertainties, such as a lack of further verification. It might be misclassified by the scoring system. Clinicians could choose the most suitable scheme according to the recommendation, along with their own experience in specific situations.
Adoption of Consensus Guidelines for Safe Prevention of the Primary Cesarean Delivery by Freestanding Birth Centers
Authors: Niemczyk Nancy A. , Ren Dianxu , Jolles Diana R. , Wright Jennifer , Christy Ellen , Stapleton Susan R. 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionSlow or arrested progress in labor is the most frequent (64%) indication for nonemergent transfer of laboring people from freestanding birth centers to the hospital. After the 2014 publication of the Consensus Statement on Safe Prevention of Primary Cesarean Delivery (Consensus Statement), many freestanding birth centers changed their clinical practice guidelines to allow more time for active labor in the birth center prior to hospital transfer. The result of these changes has not been evaluated in birth centers. Evaluation of adoption of guidelines based on the Consensus Statement in hospitals has shown inconsistent results.MethodsBirth centers were contacted to determine whether they changed clinical practice guidelines in response to the Consensus Statement. A before‐after analysis compared outcomes for the 2 calendar years before and the 2 calendar years after adoption of new guidelines with a retrospective analysis of deidentified client‐level data collected in the American Association of Birth Centers Perinatal Data Registry.ResultsA third of responding birth centers (11 of 33) changed their clinical practice guidelines, mostly redefining the onset of active labor as beginning at 6 cm cervical dilatation and allowing 4 hours of arrest of dilatation in active labor before transfer to the hospital. These changes were associated with fewer diagnoses of prolonged first stage of labor (13.8% vs 8.0%, P < .01) but not with fewer intrapartum transfers (14.0% vs 14.7%, P = .55) or cesarean births (5.0 vs 4.1%, P = .26.)DiscussionWe found no evidence that making these practice changes was associated with better outcomes. Two hours of a lack of documented cervical change in active labor is likely long enough to diagnose arrested progress in labor. Research on proportion of morbidity and mortality associated with prolonged labor could inform practice guidelines for transfers.
Sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Thielen Hella , Tuts Nora , Welkenhuyzen Lies , Huenges Wajer Irene M. C. , Lafosse Christophe , Gillebert Céline R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPatients with acquired brain injury frequently report experiencing sensory stimuli as abnormally under‐ (sensory hyposensitivity) or overwhelming (sensory hypersensitivity). Although they can negatively impact daily functioning, these symptoms are poorly understood. To provide an overview of the current evidence on atypical sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury, we conducted a systematic literature review. The primary aim of the review was to investigate the behavioural and neural mechanisms that are associated with self‐reported sensory sensitivity. Studies were included when they studied sensory sensitivity in acquired brain injury populations, and excluded when they were not written in English, consisted of non‐empirical research, did not study human subjects, studied pain, related sensory sensitivity to peripheral injury or studied patients with a neurodegenerative disorder, meningitis, encephalitis or a brain tumour. The Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for appropriate studies. A qualitative synthesis of the results of the 81 studies that were included suggests that abnormal sensory thresholds and a reduced information processing speed are candidate behavioural mechanisms of atypical subjective sensory sensitivity after acquired brain injury. Furthermore, there was evidence for an association between subjective sensory sensitivity and structural grey or white matter abnormalities, and to functional abnormalities in sensory cortices. However, further research is needed to explore the causation of atypical sensory sensitivity. In addition, there is a need for the development of adequate diagnostic tools. This can significantly advance the quantity and quality of research on the prevalence, aetiology, prognosis and treatment of these symptoms.