bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of M2-type macrophage-specific modulation in a time-dependent manner against post-ischemic brain damage in rat
Authors: Kurashiki Yoshitaka , Kagusa Hiroshi , Yagi Kenji , Kinouchi Tomoya , Sumiyoshi Manabu , Miyamoto Takeshi , Shimada Kenji , Kitazato Keiko T. , Uto Yoshihiro , Takagi Yasushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cerebral ischemia triggers inflammatory changes, and early complications and unfavorable outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy for brain occlusion promote the recruitment of various cell types to the ischemic area. Although phenotype-specific monocytes/macrophages appear to play a role, the detailed effects remain unclear. To test our hypothesis that post-ischemic phase-dependent modulation of macrophages may represent a potential therapy against ischemic brain damage, we studied the significance of inducing anti-inflammatory M2-type, but not pro-inflammatory M1-type, macrophages after brain ischemia.
Methods
Seven-week-old male Wistar rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-R) were treated for 7 days with an activator of M2-type macrophages, Gc-protein macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF), in the acute (day 0–6) or subacute (day 7–13) phase after ischemia induction and compared with vehicle-treated control rats.
Results
In MCAO-R rats, brain damage expansion elicited by increased mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β abated on day 7. Acute-phase GcMAF treatment augmented anti-inflammatory CD163+ M2-type- and pro-inflammatory CD16+ M1-type macrophages, resulting in no beneficial effects. During days 7–14, GcMAF injection increased only CD163+ M2-type macrophages accompanied by elevated mRNA levels of arginase-1 and IL-4. M2-type macrophages co-localized with CD36+ phagocytic cells led to clearance of the infarct area which was abrogated by clodronate-liposomes. Finally, the expression of survival-related molecules on day 28 was augmented in the infarct border, suggesting that activation of M2-type macrophages in the subacute post-ischemia phase may play a therapeutic role.
Conclusion
Our findings require further studies to assess the time-dependent therapeutic significance of M2-type-macrophages against cerebral ischemia.
Single-photon transport in a waveguide-cavity-emitter system
Authors: Sun Xue-Jian , Liu Wen-Xiao , Chen Hao , Wang Cheng-Yuan , Ma Hui-Zhong , Li Hong-Rong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the single-photon transport properties in a hybrid waveguide quantum electrodynamics system, in which a one-dimensional waveguide is simultaneously coupled to a cavity and a driven Λ-type three-level atom. The cavity and the atom are also coupled to each other. We show that when the waveguide is coupled to the cavity and the atom at the same point, double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed from the system. The physical mechanism of the double EIT effect has been given by setting up the eigenstate structure for the whole system. When the waveguide is coupled to the cavity and the atom at different points, we demonstrate that the single-photon transmission spectra can be effectively controlled by adjusting the relative separation between the cavity and the atom. Moreover, this non-zero relative separation can lead to the occurrence of the controllable nonreciprocal scattering effect. These results have potential applications in realization of photonic coherent control.
Excessive Iron in Diets Promotes Kidney Fibrosis via Disordering the Inflammation Factors in Sheep
Authors: Sun Fengjiao , An Yuzhi , Zhang Liangyu , Lv Xiaoping , Liu Chaonan , Gao Xueli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Iron is a mineral that the body acquires from the environment in order to maintain physiological function; however, excessive iron causes disease. The aim of this work is to investigate the processes by which excessive iron in diets induces kidney fibrosis in sheep by disorders their inflammatory factors. All sheep were fed a basal diet supplemented with 50 (CON), 500 (L-iron), 1000 (M-iron), and 1500 (H-iron) mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO4·H2O), respectively. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), Perls, and Masson staining were used to observe histopatholological alterations; Western blotting, ELISA, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect changes in the amounts of key inflammatory factor genes and proteins. As iron intake rose, glomerular cell contents dropped, tubular inflammatory cells infiltrated and fibrin was secreted, collagen fiber deposition and fibrosis have noticeable symptoms. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activities were decreased, while interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) actvities were increased. Excessive iron disorders inflammatory factor secretion, triggers an inflammatory response, and promotes the development of renal fibrosis, according to this study.
Identification of de novo mutations in the Chinese ASD cohort via whole-exome sequencing unveils brain regions implicated in autism
Authors: Yuan Bo , Wang Mengdi , Wu Xinran , Cheng Peipei , Zhang Ran , Zhang Ran , Yu Shunying , Du Yasong , Zhang Jie , Wang Xiaoqun , Qiu Zilong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Although hundreds of ASD risk genes, implicated in synaptic formation and transcriptional regulation, have been identified through human genetic studies, the East Asian ASD cohorts are still under-represented in the genome-wide genetic studies.
Methods
Here we performed whole-exome sequencing on 369 ASD trios including probands and unaffected parents of Chinese origin. A joint-calling analytical pipeline based on GATK toolkits was applied to examine de novo variants.
Results
We identified numerous de novo variants including 55 high-impact variants and 165 moderate-impact variants, as well as de novo copy number variations containing known ASD-related genes. Importantly, combining with single-cell sequencing data from the developing human brain, we found that expression of genes with de novo mutations were specifically enriched in pre-, post-central gyrus (PRC, PC) and banks of superior temporal (BST) regions in the human brain. By further analyzing the brain imaging data with ASD and healthy controls, we found that the gray volume of the right BST in ASD patients significantly decreased comparing to healthy controls, suggesting the potential structural deficits associated with ASD. Finally, we found that there was decreased in the seed-based functional connectivity (FC) between BST/PC/PRC and sensory areas, insula, as well as frontal lobes in ASD patients.
Limitations
: Due to the limited sample size of the current ASD genetic study, the further statistical analysis including false discover rate (FDR) cannot be performed.
Conclusion
This work indicated that the integrated analysis with genome-wide genetic screening, single-cell sequencing and brain imaging data would reveal novel insights into brain regions contributing to etiology of ASD.
Analysis on Accounting Conservatism and CSR Disclosures of Indonesian Banks Listed on IDX from 2004 to 2007
Authors: Kurniawan Melissa , Wibowo Daryanto Hesti 
Published: May 2022

Disclosing corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities is mandatory in Indonesia as regulated by the government. This research investigates whether Indonesian companies are internally motivated to voluntarily conduct their social responsibility agenda. First, this research examines the conservatism in financial reporting practices of Indonesian banks. It also analyzes the relationship between conservatism and CSR disclosure. Using 21 Indonesian banks that went public in 2003-2007 as sample, this research conducts a content analysis on their financial reports to measure the conservatism and the CSR disclosure index. The findings of this research reveal that Indonesian banks are, on average, conservative in their financial reporting. This research also provides the ranking of the banks under study in terms of conservatism. Further analysis shows that there is no clear evidence to support the relationship between conservatism and the Indonesian banks’ CSR reporting. Overall, this research concludes that CSR disclosure practices in Indonesian banks are driven by government regulation. This research does not find any internal motive of the sample banks in disclosing their CSR activities voluntarily.
Efficient sequestration of boron from liquid phase by amidoxime-functionalized poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): experimental and modelling analyses
Authors: Adeyi Abel Adekanmi , Jamil Siti Nurul Ain Md. , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Ibrahim Nik Nor Liyana Nik , Nourouzi Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aims to produce amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) using an optimized method and to investigate the performance of amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) on the adsorption of boron ions in batch operations. Batch adsorption was conducted at the physiochemical parameters of pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial boron concentration. The isotherms and kinetics of adsorption data were studied at various initial boron concentrations. The renewed synthesis process gave a production yield of 77%, and the conversion of nitrile group to amidoxime was 78%. The adsorption reached its optimum point at pH = 8, adsorbent dosage = 4 g·L−1, and initial adsorbent concentration at 40 ppm. The best model fits for isotherm adsorption was the Sips model with heterogeneity factor (n) = 0.7611. In the kinetic study, the adsorption data fitted best with pseudo-second-order model. The synthesized polymeric adsorbent could be recycled with little decline in its boron entrapment capacities. Hence, amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) exhibited high adsorption capacity and could be potentially explored as an alternative to commercial resin in the removal of boron from wastewater.
Liquid-liquid extraction of copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and lead(II) from aqueous solution and sewage effluent using phenoxy-amino ligands
Authors: Nyamato George S. , Wambugu Kelvin , Kiratu John , Ojwach Stephen O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The phenoxy-amino ligands 2-(((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (L1) and 2-(((2-mercaptoethyl)amino)methyl)-phenol (L2) were studied as model chelating agents for liquid-liquid extraction of copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and lead(II) cations from water using dichloromethane-water biphasic system. The relative affinities of these chelating ligands for copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and lead(II) by liquid-liquid extraction were found to be in the order copper(II)&gt; zinc(II) &gt; cadmium(II) &gt; lead(II). The ligands L1 and L2 showed binding efficiencies ranging from 78%–97% for copper(II), 75%–91% for zinc(II), 76%–92% for cadmium(II), and 59%–67% for lead(II). The extraction protocol was successfully applied to sewage effluent.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor-type Q: Structure, Activity, and
Implications in Human Disease
Authors: Zhang Wansi , Tang Zhimin , Fan Shipan , Yao Dingjin , Zhang Zhen , Guan Chenxi , Deng Wenxin , Ying Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type Q (PTPRQ), a member of the type III tyrosine
phosphatase receptor (R3 PTPR) family, is composed of three domains, including 18 extracellular
fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic phosphotyrosine
phosphatase (PTP) domain. PTPRQ was initially identified as a transcript upregulated in glomerular
mesangial cells in a rat model of glomerulonephritis. Subsequently, studies found that PTPRQ has
phosphotyrosine phosphatase and phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activities and can regulate cell
proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and survival. Further in vivo studies showed that PTPRQ is
necessary for the maturation of cochlear hair bundles and is considered a potential gene for
deafness. In the recent two decades, 21 mutations in PTPRQ have been linked to autosomal
recessive hearing loss (DFNB84) and autosomal dominant hearing loss (DFNA73). Recent
mutations, deletions, and amplifications of PTPRQ have been observed in many types of cancers,
which indicate that PTPRQ might play an essential role in the development of many cancers. In this
review, we briefly describe PTPRQ structure and enzyme activity and focus on the correlation
between PTPRQ and human disease. A profound understanding of PTPRQ could be helpful in the
identification of new therapeutic targets to treat associated diseases.
Structural Insights into the Role of Pseudouridimycin Binding in
Disruption of Bacterial RNA Polymerase Bridge Helix Conformational
Arrangement
Authors: E. Soliman Mahmoud , H. Rabbad Ali , Agoni Clement 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The bridge helix (BH) is a crucial region in bacterial RNA polymerase
(RNAP) catalysis. It plays an essential role in the nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) by performing
many modulated rearrangements and conformational changes. Any changes in the bridge helix conformational
arrangements could perturb the NAC.

Objective:
Pseudouridimycin (PUM) was recently reported as a new RNAP inhibitor. However, the
crucial role of the bridge helix in the inhibitory activity of PUM remains unclear, hence the aim of
this study.

Method:
The PUM interaction and the structural dynamics of bacterial Bridge Helix upon PUM
binding were investigated using various dynamic analysis approaches.

Results:
Besides establishing the importance of the bridge helix residues in the binding of PUM, the
findings of this study revealed that the adjacent binding of PUM induces a stabilized and structurally
rigid bridge helix characterized by a reduction of individual residue flexibility, which could interfere
with its role in the NAC. In addition, a hydrophobic structural rearrangement of the bridge helix
is observed, evidenced by the burial and folding of residues into the hydrophobic core and a switch
in the secondary structure of some regions of the bridge helix from the turn and bend to the alpha
helix. The observed conformational disruption of the bridge helix upon binding of PUM also accounts
for the reported inhibitory prowess and broad-spectrum activity as widely reported.

Conclusion:
We believe findings from this study will further complement current drug discovery
knowledge on disrupting bacterial RNAP machinery.
A Review on Acridines as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Rajagopal Kalirajan , Baliwada Aparna , Varakumar Potlapati , Raman Kannan , Byran Gowramma 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Acridine derivatives have been thoroughly investigated and discovered to have multitarget
qualities, inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes that regulate topological changes in DNA and
interfering with DNA's vital biological function. This article discusses current progress in the
realm of novel 9-substituted acridine heterocyclic compounds, including the structure and structure–
activity connection of the most promising molecules. The IC50 values of the new compounds
against several human cancer cell lines will also be presented in the publication. The review also
looks into the inhibition of topoisomerase by polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Background:
Acridine rings can be found in molecules used in many different areas, including
industry and medicine. Nowadays, acridines with anti-bacterial activity are of research interest
due to decreasing bacterial resistance. Some acridine derivatives showed antimalarial or antiviral
activity. Acridine derivatives were also investigated for anti-tumor activity due to the interaction
with topoisomerase II and DNA base pairs. Considering these possible uses of acridine derivatives,
this work overviewed all significant structure performances for the specific action of these
compounds.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to review the activity of acridines as anti-proliferative
agents.

Design:
This review is designed as acridines acting as topoisomerase I and II inhibitors/ poison,
Acridines on the G-quadraplux interaction, Acridines with metal complexes, Acridines with quinacrine
scaffold, Acridines with sulphur moiety.

Conclusion:
Although introduced in the 19th century, acridine derivatives are still of scientific
interest. In this review, acridine derivatives with various biological activities (antiparasitic, antiviral,
anti-bacterial, and antiproliferative) and their structure-activity relationship analyses are presented.
Although several mechanisms of their action are known, the only important are discussed
here. It can be concluded that the dominant mechanisms are DNA intercalation and interaction
with enzymes.
Intracellular Activity of Poly (DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles
Encapsulated with Prothionamide, Pyrazinamide, Levofloxacin, Linezolid,
or Ethambutol on Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Xu Jiangping , Jiang Huixian , Li Xiang , Xing Zhenjian , Niu Qun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major cause of
death amongst tuberculosis patients. Nanomedicine avoids some limitations of conventional drug treatment
and increases therapeutic efficacy against bacterial infections. However, the effect of anti-TB drug
nanoparticle (NP) compounds in anti-TB regimens against MDR-TB remains unclear.

Objective:
The objective of this article is to prepare levofloxacin, linezolid, ethambutol, prothionamide,
and pyrazinamide encapsulated NPs and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy against MDR-TB in macrophages.

Methods:
Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by the multiple emulsion method. The colocalization,
intracellular release, and anti-TB activity of these NPs were investigated on cultured macrophages. The
immune phenotype of the macrophages, including their mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive
oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) production, was evaluated following treatment with NPs
or free drug compounds.

Results:
All drug-loaded PLGA NPs were spherical in shape, 150 to 210 nm in size, and showed
14.22% to 43.51% encapsulation efficiencies and long-duration release. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were
mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of macrophages, showed high cellular compatibility, and maintained
their concentration for at least 13 days. Compared with the free drug compounds, the number of colonies
after exposure to PLGA NP compounds was significantly less. The enhanced antibacterial activity
of the NP compounds may be due to the enhanced levels of ROS and NO and the increased early apoptosis
stress within M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages additionally.

Conclusion:
The application of PLGA NP compounds not only enhances drug efficacy but also induces
innate bactericidal events in macrophages, confirming this as a promising approach for MDR-TB therapy.
Knockdown of ARL5B Induces Mitochondrial-mediated Apoptosis and Inhibits Glycolysis in Breast Cancer Cells by Activating MDA5 Signaling
Authors: Xu Jinfeng , Dong Fajin , Zhang Lei , Hu Xuqiao , Wu Huaiyu , Tian Hongtian , Zeng Jieying , Song Di , Yang Keen , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2022

Aim:Mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and the survival of cancer cells.Background:ADP-ribosylation factor–like GTPase 5b (ARL5B) has been found to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and breast cancer (BC) progression, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further understood.Objective:We investigated the effects of ARL5B on the apoptosis and glycolysis of breast cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms.Method:Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays were used to detect the expression of ARL5B in breast cancer tissues and cells. An ARL5B loss-of-function assay was performed to verify its role in BC development.Results:ARL5B was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. ARL5B knockdown induced apoptosis and activated the mitochondrial pathway in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of ARL5B repressed the aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer cells. The role of ARL5B in breast cancer cells was exerted by mediating the activation of viral RNA sensor MDA5-evoked signaling. Silencing ARL5B triggered MDA5 signaling by upregulating the key proteins involved in the MDA5 pathway. Importantly, MDA5 silencing reversed the effects of ARL5B knockdown on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and glycolysis, whereas poly (I:C), as a ligand for MDA5, further enhanced ARL5B knockdown- facilitated mitochondrial apoptosis and the inhibition of glycolysis.Conclusion:The knockdown of ARL5B activated MDA5 signaling and thus led to the enhanced mitochondrial- mediated apoptosis and glycolysis inhibition in breast cancer cells. Our study suggested that ARL5B might be a potential therapy target for BC.
Anti-proliferative Activity of Labdane Diterpenes Isolated from Polyalthia cerasoides and their Molecular Interaction Studies
Authors: Aditya Rao Shimoga Janakirama , Mahadevappa Paramesha , Siddappa Ravikumar Y. , Usha BM , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: May 2022

Background:Polyalthia cerasoides is well known for its therapeutic effects and is extensively used by the tribal people of South India and Africa to treat infertility, toothache, inflammation, rheumatism, fever, and to combat stress.Objective:In the present research, the anti-proliferative potential of two bioactive compounds isolated from the stem bark of P. cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. of the Annonaceae family was investigated.Method:The dried stem bark was powdered and subjected to extraction using methanol and further partitioned using petroleum ether. Yellow viscous oil was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction using column and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractions were characterized using GC-MS. The anti-proliferative effect of the isolated compounds was assessed against HepG2 Cells using MTT- Cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, comparative in-silico docking studies were performed to predict the binding pattern of isolated molecules individually, as well as simultaneously with α, β-tubulin, a critical protein involved in the molecular mechanism of microtubule formation.Results:GC-MS analysis of yellow viscous oil from petroleum fraction confirmed the presence of two labdane diterpenes that were identified as 12E-3,4-Seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid, and methyl harvadate C by mass fragmentation analysis. The MTT-cytotoxicity assay showed the dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 Cells. The comparative docking studies of the isolated compounds exhibited strong interactions with the α, β-tubulin protein.Conclusion:The prominent anti-proliferative effect exhibited by the isolated compounds, along with effective binding to α, β-tubulin protein, encourages their future utilization as prominent anti-cancer molecules.