bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CREATION OF INTERSPECIFIC GENOTYPES IN THE GENUS NICOTIANA WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF AUSTRALIAN WILD SPECIES N. ROSULATA DOMIN
Authors: Ларькина Н.И. 
Published: July 2022

Фертильные межвидовые генотипы, созданные при использовании видов рода Nicotiana разнообразными методами и приемами культуры in vitro и полиплоидии, можно применять как исходный материал для получения гибридов устойчивых к ряду заболеваний рода. Это характерно для научно-исследовательских работ, проведенных по выращиванию фертильного генотипа Nicotiana tabacum x Nicotiana rosulata, где интересны скрещивания с участием плазмы культурного вида N. tabacum. Конечным результатом было создание растений генетическими методами и выращивание в обычных парниковых и полевых условиях фертильных генотипов, созданных с участием генома австралийского дикого вида N. rosulata, как опылителя.Новый межвидовой фертильный генотип явился базисным исходным материалом в селекции на устойчивость к заболеванию пероноспороз.
Fertile interspecific genotypes created using species of the genus Nicotiana by various methods and techniques of in vitro culture and polyploidy can be used as a starting material for obtaining hybrids resistant to a number of diseases of the genus. This is typical for research work carried out on the cultivation of the fertile genotype Nicotiana tabacum x Nicotiana rosulata, where crosses with the participation of the plasma of the cultivated plant N. tabacum are interesting. The end result was the creation and cultivation in normal greenhouse and field conditions of fertile genotypes with the participation of the genome of the Australian wild species N. Rosulata as a pollinator.The new interspecific fertile genotype was the basic starting material in breeding for resistance to the disease of peronosporosis.
Cadmium(II) Chalcogenides Stable across Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Riddle Jacqueline , Bayne Julia , Butler Ian 
Published: July 2022

Background: The three cadmium(II) chalcogenides CdX (X = S, Se, Te; Cadmium with either Sulphur, Se- lenium, or Tellurium), have important applications as artists’ pigments and in the electronics industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the structural stabilities of bulk, microcrystalline samples of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides over a wide temperature range by examining the changes that occur in their Raman spectra.

Methods: We recorded the Raman spectra of the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides from -196 °C to 500 °C on a commercial instrument equipped with a microscope and a variable-temperature stage.

Results: While the Raman spectra of all three cadmium(II) chalcogenides exhibited significant peak shifts and broadening with increasing temperature, these effects were completely reversible. There is no evidence of phase transitions, indicating structural stability.
Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that the three cadmium(II) chalcogenides are resistant to structural changes throughout the almost -700 °C temperature range investigated, thereby reinforcing their continued use in artwork and in the electronics industry.
Earth Infrared Radiation Spectra During Global Warming Hiatus
Authors: Blanchette Jeanne , Huang Yi 
Published: July 2022

Background: Since 1997-98, observations of annual mean surface temperature have shown a slowdown of global temperature increases, suggesting a hiatus in global warming. Given this finding, we are interested in diagnosing trends in the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectrum throughout the last decade.
Methods: We calculated the trend in OLR measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite between 2003 and 2013, and compared these results with the trend in atmospheric and surface temperature and tropospheric absolute humidity, obtained from AIRS retrieval product and from the ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) Re-Analysis (ERA) interim product. We also isolated the greenhouse effect from the OLR trend by subtracting the amount of surface radiation emitted from the total radiation received by the sounder.
Results: The OLR trend is negative in the CO2 absorption band, negative in the window spectral region, and positive in the water vapor band. The trend in surface and tropospheric temperature is negative, as is the trend in tropospheric absolute humidity. The greenhouse effect is increasing in the CO2 band, generally slightly increasing in the window region, and decreasing in the H2O band.

Conclusion: Our results show that the CO2 forcing was still present globally through the last decade, with steadily increasing effects. Contributors to the negative trend in OLR in the window region are a small decrease in surface temperature and a strong decrease in tropospheric temperature, where tropospheric H2O emit radiation to space. The decreasing effect of water vapor in the H2O band is due to decreasing tropospheric humidity. This analysis will allow us to detect the changes in greenhouse gas forcing, to examine the correlated surface temperature response, and to study changes and effects in tropospheric water vapor concentration.
Scale-Invariant Adaptation in Response to Second-Order Electro-Sensory Stimuli in Weakly Electric Fish
Authors: Zhang Zhubo , Chacron Maurice J. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Natural stimuli can range orders of magnitude, and their encoding by the brain remains a central issue in neuroscience. An efficient way of encoding a natural stimulus is by changing a neuron’s cod- ing rule in tandem with changes in the stimulus. This phenomenon is called sensory adaptation. However, sensory adaptation creates ambiguity in the neural code, as different stimuli can produce the same neural response.
Methods: One way to resolve this ambiguity is to encode additional stimulus information through parallel channels. We performed in vivo extracellular recordings from pyramidal cells in two parallel maps, the lateral segment (LS) and the centro-medial segment (CMS), within the hindbrain of the weakly electric fish Aptero- notus leptorhynchus, in response to stimuli that resemble the presence of another conspecific.
Results: We found that CMS pyramidal cells generally adapted less strongly than LS cells (p<0.05). Signal detection theory confirms that the lesser degree of adaptation leads to a stronger ability to disambiguate between two input stimuli (p<0.05). In addition, the time course of adaptation in LS strictly followed a power law while that of CMS followed a power law only for a certain set of stimuli.
Limitations: The design of our study allowed for a stimulus that oscillated only between two distributions. Further studies into the hindbrain’s ability to disambiguate the adaptive code will require confusion analysis of a stimulus that changes between more distributions. For confusion studies, cells in different areas can be compared as long as they have receptive fields in similar areas.
Conclusions: Through recording from two parallel segments of the electro-sensory system in the hindbrain, we observed that different segments adapted with different strengths to similar stimuli. Different amounts of adaptation allude to a balance between the need to preserve absolute stimulus information while simul- taneously encoding a stimulus efficiently through adaptation.
The Mystery of Rhomboid in Capicua mutant Fruit Flies
Authors: Saleem Hassan Ali , Nilson Laura A. 
Published: July 2022

Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly that is one of the most commonly used animal model for genetic studies.
Dorsal-ventral (dv) patterning, which is the body plan, of the Drosophila embryo is determined by the asymmetric positioning of different underlying cellular molecules. DV patterning of the Drosophila embryo is established well before fertilisation. The Drosophila egg develop within a cluster of cells consisting of an oocyte interconnected with fifteen sister nurse cells, which function as a source of RNAs and proteins for the developing oocyte and degenerate by the end of oogenesis. Surrounding this cluster is an epithelium of follicle cells, which provide yolk and secrete the eggshell (Fig1).
Initial dv asymmetry is established at mid oogenesis and the information is then passed on to the surrounding follicle cells (3). The protein gurken (grk), in the oocyte, provides the initial polarizing signal to initiate the formation of the eventual polarity of the egg, and activates Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in the dorsal follicle cells. Through positive and negative feedback mechanisms, this EGF signaling is refined and defines a precise pattern of cell fates within the follicular epithelium (3). This specific definition of fates will be used as a basis to understand the effects of the gene capicua (cic) on follicle cell fate patterning.
Epigenetic modifiers enhance vesicular Stomatitis virus-mediated oncolysis in the refractory PC3 cell line
Authors: Wilson Marnie Goodwin , Nguyen Thi Lien-Anh , Shulak Laura , Nakhaei Peyman , Hiscott John 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VsV) is an oncolytic virus that preferentially replicates in and kills cancerous cells. however, many cancer cell lines are resistant to VsV treatment alone. previous work has shown that treating cancerous cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors makes them more susceptible to VsV infection and oncolysis. We hypothesize that treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (saha or Voronistat), and a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza or Decitabine), will result in an increase in VsV replication and virus-induced oncolysis in vitro. Methods: pC3 prostate cancer cells were treated with 1 μm saha, 1 μm 5-aza or both. of these samples, half were infected with oncolytic Vesicular stomatitis Virus expressing green fluorescent protein VsV aV1 – gFp at a multiplicity of infection of 1 × 10-2, 24 hours after treatment. Cells were then collected and subjected to either FaCs analysis or protein extraction at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection. We confirmed increases in cell death by western blotting for cleavage of poly a Riboprotein, an important downstream effector of the Caspase pathway, as well as Caspases 8 and 9, hallmarks for the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways respectively. results: Treatment with saha, 5-aza or a combination of both resulted in increases in VsV replication and cell death. These observations were consistent over four time points spanning 72 hours. discussion: Treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor/methyltransferase inhibitor combination increases VsV replication and cell death in tumour cell lines resistant to VsV infection. In combination with previous work, this data suggests that modulation of the antiviral response and apoptotic pathways increases susceptibility to VsV.
Proof-carrying authorization in distributed systems with Beluga: a case study
Authors: Weiner Leah 
Published: July 2022

The rising popularity of distributed systems creates a need for a secure method of message passing. One approach to access control is accomplished through proof-carrying and proof authorization. The requesting party must provide a proof of authorization of access while the serving party must verify the validity of the proof. PCML5 is a programming language which enables a programmer to encode proofs and perform proof-checking procedures more easily.
The purpose of this project is to encode PCML5 with Beluga, a new functional programming language which supports dependent types and which has built in some of the more common procedures. Such an implementation will provide formal guarantees regarding the language of PCML5 itself. Moreover, this case study will aid in the understanding of the development and implementation of software specically for programming with proofs. It will provide insight into the tools needed to allow any programmer to easily specify and verify complex behavioral properties of programs.
Development of a Cellular System to Identify Modulators of B-Raf Induced Senescence in Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Shu Ran 
Published: July 2022

Background: B-Raf is one of the earliest and most common genetic mutations observed in many different types of cancers. A single mutation in B-Raf cannot cause full-blown cancer, but may cause an observed phenotype called oncogene induced senescence (OIS). This suggests the need for cooperation between B-Raf and other genes for successful tumorigenesis.
Objective: We look to characterize Human Fibroblast cells that are able to senesce in response to elevated oncogenic expression of B-Raf.
Methods: We introduced ectopic expression of inducible B-Raf into human fibroblast cells. We characterized the successfully infected cells based on their ability to induce senescence.
Results: We isolated cells of clonal origin and we identified the clone most responsive to B-Raf expression.
Conclusions and Future Research: Our methodology proved to be effective in creating a model of B-Raf expression that can be used to study OIS. The next step is to screen the cells to identify genes that enable the cells to evade senescence. These genes could prove to be valuable chemotherapeutic targets.
Human Health and the Microbiota: Interactions Between Gut Microbes, Hygiene, and The Immune System
Authors: Fukada Simon 
Published: July 2022

Background: In the past, much of the scientific research on microbes focused on mechanisms of infection and disease. This was not in vain, as we gained valuable knowledge about our immune system, as well as the ability to develop vaccines and antibiotics. However, the relationship between humans and microbes is complex. These species have been co-evolving since multicellular organisms evolved on Earth.
Summary: Recently, it is beginning to be appreciated that the majority of relationships between humans and microbes are beneficial. From this follows an understanding that beneficial microbes are vital to the normal physiological development of our gut and immune system. This beneficial relationship between the human host and the multitude of microbial communities is well established. However, currently in the developed world epidemiological studies are showing dramatic increases in autoimmunity, allergies, and obesity. It is thus suggested that within westernized societies hygiene is altering the relationship between the gut and the human host in a way that makes humans susceptible to conditions not seen in less developed countries. This understanding advanced the “hygiene hypothesis,” and more recently the, “old friends hypothesis” and “disappearing microbiota hypothesis” as possible explanations for the observed epidemiological phenomena. What follows is a review of the relationship between gut microbes and the host’s immune system, with a focus on how hygiene (antibiotics, chlorination of water, etc.) is beginning to alter this relationship. This review concludes that a further understanding of how hygiene affects the relationship between humans and microbes will be crucial for developing effective therapies considerate of our microbial friends.
The relationship between fragmented QRS and mortality in without reversible defects patients with scintigraphical myocardial infarction diagnosis
Authors: Salan Ahmet , Aksu Ekrem , Köroğlu Sedat , Doğaner Adem 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Evidence of increased mortality in perfusion abnormalities on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) can be found. However, electrocardiography (ECG) is a cheaper and more easily accessible examination than MPS. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is also considered to be associated with mortality in some cardiological diseases. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between fQRS based on electrocardiography (ECG) and mortality in patients without reversible defects whose fixed hypoperfusion/perfusion defects were diagnosed and associated with myocardial infarction (MI) based on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS).
Methods: Non-ischemic patients (2289 patients) with MI diagnoses based on scintigraphy were selected based on retrospective scintigraphy reports. The presence of fQRS was investigated in 85 patients whose 12-lead electrocardiographs could be accessed from the hospital archive, and their deaths due to all causes were questioned from the death information system. The relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fQRS, type of exercise, number of leukocytes, other parameters, and mortality rates was analyzed.
Results: The numbers of living (n = 69) and deceased (n = 16) patients were obtained. They were divided into two groups: (1) surviving patients (n = 69, number of fQRS positive 42) and (2) deceased (n = 16, number of fQRS positive 11). No distributional differences were found between mortality rates and fQRS and demographic features between groups (P = 0.558). However, a statistically significant effect was observed between mortality rates and low LVEF levels, pharmacological stress, number of leukocytes, and a low HDL level.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that it may be useful to define benign features of fQRS. LVEF levels may be a very important parameter in decision-making for pharmacological stress, and its role in prediction of mortality may be higher than that obtained by fQRS.
Association of fear assessment in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (FAIR) questionnaire with ankylosing spondylitis quality of life and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Keleşoğlu Dinçer Ayşe Bahar , Sezer Serdar 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim: Fear against disease course, treatment, and limitations in family, work, and social life are commonly seen but mostly overlooked by physicians of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in young adults characterized by limitations in spinal mobility. The Fear Assessment (FAIR) Questionnaire was designed especially for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis to assess the level of fear from the patient’s perspective. Here we evaluate the FAIR score in AS patients and its association with disease activity, AS quality of life (ASQoL), depression, anxiety, and fatigue levels.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 79 patients with AS, and disease activity was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), AS-Disease Activity Score-C reactive protein, and functional status was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Patient global assessment of disease and pain were scored on 0–10 cm visual analog scores. All patients completed FAIR and ASQoL questionnaires. The depression and anxiety were evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and fatigue was assessed by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).
Results: The mean age of AS patients (62% male) was 41.7 (11.3) years. Most of the patients were on biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). The patients’ median BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, and BASFI were 5.4 (range, 3.8–7.4), 3.83 (1.4), and 4.0 (range, 2.3–6.2), respectively. The overall FAIR, ASQoL, FSS, HADS-depression, and HADS-anxiety scores were 75 (range, 52–91), 9.6 (5.2), 5.4 (range, 4.1–7), 7.7 (4.4) and 9.6 (5.2), respectively. There were statistically significant correlations between disease activity indices and FAIR, ASQoL, FSS, and HADS scores. The FAIR scores significantly correlated with ASQoL, FSS, and HADS scores. The patients with active disease (BASDAI ≥ 4) had significantly higher levels of FAIR, ASQoL, FSS, and HADS. The best cut-off value for the FAIR score of AS patients with moderate to severe disease activity was 50 (AUC: 0.734, 95% CI [0.599–0.870], P = 0.002), with a sensitivity of 89.8%, specificity of 55%, positive likelihood ratio of 1.99, and Youden index of 0.45.
Conclusion: This study shows that AS patients face a high level of fear which is associated with higher disease activity, higher risk of mood disorders, and lower quality of life. Physicians should not only focus on the physical improvement of the patient but also handle the fear of patients against their diseases and their treatment. This holistic approach will improve the dialogue between the physician and the patient, which will result in increased compliance with treatment and will raise the quality of care.
ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM ANTRIAN DI SIMPLY FRESH LAUNDRY 352 TLOGOPOJOK GRESIK
Authors: Farid Miftach , Dahda Said Salim 
Published: July 2022

Bagi masyarakat yang memiliki aktivitas padat, jasa laundry pakaian menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mencucikan pakaian. Agar mampu bersaing, perusahaan jasa laundry harus mampu meningkatkan pelayanan dan memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dengan sebaik mungkin. Salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang laundry yakni Simply Fresh Laundry 352 Tlogopojok Gresik dimana pada proses laundrynya masih banyak dijumpai antrian pakaian yang terdapat pada sistem laundry. Untuk itu dilakukan analisis antrian agar mampu mengurangi jumlah antrian yang ada pada sistem. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan analisis terhadap performansi dari sistem antrian yang terjadi pada proses laundry menggunakan model simulasi diskrit dengan bantuan software Arena. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model yang mampu menentukan jumlah fasilitas serta mengoptimalkan sistem layanan. Model usulan dikembangkan terkait dengan jumlah mesin dryer dan mesin cuci dari hasil analisis model awal dan aspirasi pemilik outlet. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa model simulasi yang dibuat mampu memberikan gambaran performansi sistem laundry dengan diketahuinya nilai service level sebesar 96%, waktu tunggu rata-rata menunggu paling lama terdapat pada antrian dryer sebanyak 225,58 serta tingkat kesibukan mesin paling tinggi terjadi pada dryer 1 sebesar 96,38% dan dryer 2 sebanyak 95%. Selain itu, dari hasil usulan 1 menunjukan adanya penurunan waktu rata-rata menunggu pakaian pada antrian dryer sebesar 92% dan nilai service level yang naik hingga 4%. Pada usulan 2 juga diketahui terjadi penurunan waktu tunggu rata-rata sebesar 90% pada antrian mesin dryer dan 59% pada antrian mesin cuci setelah dilakukan simulasi penambahan mesin cuci dan mesin dryer.
Analisis Penjadwalan Proyek Remote Terminal Unit dengan Penerapan Metode CPM dan PERT di PT. XYZ
Authors: Sugiarta Tata 
Published: July 2022

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em> Analysis of the project implementation needs to be done so that deficiency andweaknesses can be identified, as well as problems encountered so that they can beused as reference material for subsequent projects. Project delays are often</em><em> </em><em>caused by lack of planned project activities and lack of control over the course of</em><em> </em><em>the project so that project implementation activities become less effective and</em><em> </em><em>efficient. The Critical Path Method (CPM) and PERT (Program Evaluation and</em><em> </em><em>Review Tecnique) are carried out to get an idea of what if the project is controlled</em><em> </em><em>by the two tools. Analysis of research results from the Remote Terminal Unit</em><em> </em><em>(RTU) project using the CPM method obtained a completion time of 104 days,</em><em> </em><em>while completion by the PERT method obtained time of 106.7 days with a</em><em> </em><em>probability of 99.99% completion and by processing the Fishbone Diagram there</em><em> </em><em>was a cause for the delay factor The biggest is the existence of material delays</em><em> </em><em>and the lack of supervision from the company.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords : Scheduling, CPM and PERT Methods, Fishbone Diagrams.</em><em></em></p><p> </p>