bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of yeast species and processing on intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed soybean meal-based diets in seawater
Authors: Agboola Jeleel O. , Rocha Sérgio D.C. , Mensah Dominic D. , Hansen Jon Ø. , Øyås Ove , Lapeña David , Mydland Liv T. , Arntzen Magnus Ø. , Horn Svein J. , Øverland Margareth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Yeasts are gaining attention as alternative ingredients in aquafeeds. However, the impact of yeast inclusion on modulation of intestinal microbiota of fish fed plant-based ingredients is limited. Thus, the present study investigates the effects of yeast and processing on composition, diversity and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon smolt fed soybean meal (SBM)-based diet. Two yeasts, Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA), were produced in-house and processed by direct heat-inactivation with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 ºC for 16 h, followed by spray-drying (ACJ and AWA). In a 42-day feeding experiment, fish were fed one of six diets: a fishmeal (FM)-based diet, a challenging diet with 30% SBM and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast products (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). Microbial profiling of digesta samples was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the predicted metabolic capacities of gut microbiota were determined using genome-scale metabolic models. Results: The microbial composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota differed between fish fed FM diet and those fed SBM diet. The digesta of fish fed SBM diet was dominated by members of lactic acid bacteria, which was similar to microbial composition in the digesta of fish fed the inactivated yeasts (ICJ and IWA diets). Inclusion of autolyzed yeasts (ACJ and AWA diets) reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in fish. The gut microbiota of fish fed ACJ diet was dominated by the genus Pediococcus and showed a predicted increase in mucin O-glycan degradation compared with the other diets. The gut microbiota of fish fed AWA diet was highly dominated by the family Bacillaceae. Conclusions: The present study showed that dietary inclusion of FM and SBM differentially modulate the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of fish. The inclusion of inactivated yeasts did not alter the modulation caused by SBM-based diet. Fish fed ACJ diet increased relative abundance of Pediococcus, and mucin O-glycan degradation pathway compared with the other diets.
The distinct characteristics of somatostatin neurons in the human brain
Authors: Banovac Ivan , Sedmak Dora , Esclapez Monique , Petanjek Zdravko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Somatostatin cells are frequently described as a major population of GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex, however, a comprehensive analysis of their molecular expression, morphological features and laminar distribution has not yet been performed. In this study, we provided a detailed description of somatostatin neurons in the human prefrontal cortex, including their proportion in the total neuron population, laminar distribution, neurotransmitter phenotype as well as their molecular and morphological characteristics using immunofluorescence and RNAscope in situ hybridization. We found that somatostatin neurons comprise around 7% of neocortical neurons in the human Brodmann areas 9 and 14r, without significant difference between the two regions. Somatostatin cells were NeuN positive and synthesized vesicular GABA transporter and glutamate decarboxylase 1 and 2, confirming their neuronal nature and GABAergic phenotype. Somatostatin cells in the upper cortical layers were small, had a high expression of somatostatin mRNA, a relatively low expression of somatostatin peptide and co-expressed calbindin. In the lower cortical layers, somatostatin cells were larger with complex somato-dendritic morphology, typically showed a lower expression of somatostatin mRNA and a high expression of somatostatin peptide, and co-expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), but not calbindin. Somatostatin neurons in the white matter co-expressed MAP2. Based on their somato-dendritic morphology, cortical somatostatin neurons could be classified into at least five subtypes. The somatostatin neurons of the human prefrontal cortex show remarkable morphological and molecular complexity with substantial differences compared to rodents, both of which imply a unique function in the human brain.
Women’s Awareness Of Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors And Symptoms In Western Iran In 2020-2021
Authors: Babaei Maryam , Salmani Fatemeh , Kariman Nourossadat , Nasiri Saeideh , Ozgoli Giti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Iranian women’s awareness of warning signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Sanandaj and Kermanshah, Iran, in 2020 and 2021. In this study, 1081 women aged 18-70 years were selected as the sample to fill out the electronic version of the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure (OCAM) to identify the significant variables of ovarian cancer warning signs and risk factors. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS 19. Results: In this study, 60.9% of the participants had medium awareness of the subject. The results indicated that participants with higher educational attainment (P<0.05) and those with a family history of cancer (P<0.001) showed higher knowledge of cancer. The lowest level of awareness of symptoms was associated with acute symptoms such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) most days, persistent bloating, a sense of abdominal fullness or heaviness, and frequent urination. Moreover, the lowest awareness of risk factors was related to the history of IVF treatments and the application of talcum powder to the genital area.Conclusion: The study findings showed that Iranian women have moderate awareness of ovarian cancer and low knowledge on cancer warning signs; this suggests that it is necessary to train Iranian women in order to raise awareness of the signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.
Multiscale study of temporal drivers of gut microbiome composition in wild redfronted lemurs
Authors: Murillo Tatiana , Schneider Dominik , Heistermann Michael , Daniel Rolf , Fichtel Claudia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The gut microbiome influences host’s immunity, development, and metabolism and participates in the gut-brain axis, thus impacting the health of the host. It is a dynamic community varying between individuals and within individuals at different time points. Hence, determining the factors causing this variability may elucidate their impact on host’s health. However, understanding the drivers of variation has proven difficult particularly as multiple interactions occur simultaneously in the gut microbiome.
Results
We performed a longitudinal study to determine the temporal drivers of the gut microbiome in a wild primate, the redfronted lemur. Focal behavioral data and fecal samples were collected for one year in four groups of redfronted lemurs to determine individual social and feeding behaviors. We assessed bacteria, protozoa, and helminths through marker gene analysis. In addition, we measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations, to investigate the impact of physiological stress. Higher consumption of leaves and fGCM concentrations correlated with higher alpha diversity, which also differed among groups. The major drivers of variation in beta diversity were group membership, precipitation and fGCM concentrations. We found positive and negative associations between bacterial genera and almost all studied factors. Correlations between bacterial indicator networks and social networks indicate transmission of bacteria through social interactions.
Conclusions
Processes occurring inside and outside the host drive the temporal fluctuations of the gut microbiome of redfronted lemurs. Activation of the host’s HPA axis, dietary changes, fluctuations in water availability and prokaryotic-eukaryotic interactions altering the gut environment impacted the gut bacterial communities. Coupled to dispersal processes of bacteria between hosts through social interactions, and the acquisition of microorganisms from environmental water sources.
Serum levels of the inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSPA1A) are a biomarker for breast carcinoma in Brazilian women: an exploratory study
Authors: Boufelli Gabriela , Penteado Laura , Miranda Mila Meneguelli , Filassi José Roberto , Baracat Edmund Chada , Linhares Iara Moreno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The early diagnosis of breast cancer can improve treatment and prognosis. We sought to evaluate whether the serum concentration of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSPA1A), was elevated in Brazilian women with breast cancer and whether the levels correlated with tumor characteristics.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, case-control exploratory study performed at The University of São Paulo School of Medicine. From September 2017 to December 2018, 68 women with breast cancer and 59 controls were recruited. The HSPA1A concentration in serum samples was determined by ELISA by individuals blinded to the clinical data.Results: The mean ages s in the study and control groups were 54.9 and 52.0 years, respectively. The median serum levels of HSPA1A were elevated in women with breast cancer (1037 pg/ml) compared with controls (300 pg/ml) (p <0.001). HSPA1A levels were increased in association with advanced histological tumor grade (p<0.001) and with the cell proliferation index (KI67) (p = 0.0418). The serum level of HSPA1A was similar in women with different histological subtypes, nuclear grade, hormone receptor expression, HER2 status and the presence or absence of angiolymphatic invasion.Conclusion: Elevations in serum HSPA1A in Brazilian women with breast cancer and its association with advanced histological grade and proliferation index suggests that its detection may be of value as a component of breast cancer diagnosis and progression.
Corrective derotation osteotomies to treat congenital radioulnar synostosis in children: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Nema Sandeep Kumar , Ramasubramani Premkumar , Palaniappan Pasupathy , Austine Jose 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The primary objective of this review is to estimate the rotational correction after corrective derotation osteotomies (CDO) for Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS). The secondary objective of this review is to identify the complications with CDO in CRUS,
Methods
We included studies in the English literature from electronic bibliographic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, Directory of Open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus up to December 2020 that determined the effects of CDO in CRUS for two or more cases with a mean follow-up of 1 year or more. We used the National Institutes of health quality assessment tool for case series (interventional) and Modified Coleman methodology Score for assessment of Risk of bias in the included studies.
Results
We pooled 383 forearms (318 participants) from 23 studies with mean age of 6.28±1.75 years. The mean pronation deformity was 72.83±15.640 from 22 studies. The CDO derotated forearm to 10.4±5.900 of mean pronation in 12 studies and 13.47±9.510 of mean supination in 9 studies. One study corrected the forearms to a neutral position. The mean derotation from CDO was 73.13±16.540 (350 supination to 1300 pronation). The overall mean difference was -68.260 [95% CI-86.87, -49.66] of correction favouring supination. There were eight transient nerve palsies and six compartment syndromes from synostosis site osteotomies (4 studies).
Discussion
We had poor-quality studies at a High Risk of bias on the described tools of assessment. We could estimate the directional effect of CDO in CRUS favouring correction from pronation to supination; however, due to the heterogeneity among studies, we cannot comment on the most efficient and least harmful CDO techniques. The single bone osteotomies seem to be efficient, simple, and reportedly low on complications but need evaluation. We cannot define the indications for correction and expected improvement in functional outcomes from osteotomy techniques.
An Energy Management System For Second-Life Battery In Renewable Energy Systems Considering Battery Degradation Costs
Authors: Li Jian-Wei , He Shu-Cheng , Yang Qing-Qing , He Hong-Wen , Zou Wei-Tao , Cao Wan-Ke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The proportion of renewable energy sources in the power generation has gradually increased. However, due to the variation and intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, energy storage system must be integrated in the microgrid to ensure the power balance between the load and the generating end. At the same time, economic benefits must be considered due to the introduction of energy storage systems. Secondary utilization of power batteries is considered to be an effective solution to the above-mentioned problems. This paper proposes an energy storage management system composed of second life batteries. Comprehensively considering battery lifetime loss costs and system operating costs, and to conduct the dispatch of energy in the lowest cost way. Considering battery degradation, remaining capacity, and cost, and comparing the performance of second life batteries with new batteries. Based on simulation results, the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Modelling climatic trends for the Zambezi and Orange River Basins: implications on water security
Authors: Chisanga Charles B. , Mubanga Kabwe H. , Sichigabula Henry , Banda Kawawa , Muchanga Manoah , Ncube Lindani , van Niekerk Helena Johanna , Zhao Baojin , Mkonde Akhona Amanda , Rasmeni Sonwabile Kidwell 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change impacts are dependent on changes in air temperature, rainfall (frequency and amount) and climate indices, which are highly certain. Climate extreme indices are important metrics that are used to communicate the impacts of climate change. The CORDEX African-domain RCM (SMHI-RCA4) run by seven CMIP5 (CCCma-CanESM2, IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-MIROC5, MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR, NCC-NorESM1-M, MOHC-HadGEM2-ES and NOAA-GFDL-GFDL-ESM2M) and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were used in this study. The future climate change is analysed relative to 2020–2050/1970–2000 using a multi-model ensemble projection. Selected climate indices were analysed using a multi-model ensemble of CMIP5 GCMs (GFDL-ESM2G, HadGEM2-ES and IPSL-CM5A-MR). The climate data operators (CDOs) were used in merging and manipulating the modelled (RCM) data and ETCCDI climate indices. The Mann–Kendall was used to compute the trends in time-series data at p &lt; 0.05. Results indicate that temperature will increase in the Orange and Zambezi River Basins. Rainfall shows variability in both river basins. The temperature-based indices (tn90pETCCDI, tnnETCCDI, tnxETCCDI, tx90pETCCDI, txnETCCDI and txxETCCDI) were statistically significant with positive linear trends. The dtrETCCDI and wsdiETCCDI were statistically significant with positive linear trends within the Zambezi River Basin. csdiETCCDI and tn10pETCCDI were statistically significant with negative trends in both basins. The change in rainfall, temperature and climate indices will have implications on agricultural production, provisions of various ecosystem services, human health, water resources, hydrology, water security, water quality and quantity. The climate extreme indices can assist in analysing regional and global extremes in meteorological parameters and assist climate, and crop modellers and policymakers in assessing sectoral impacts.
Capacity development for SDG 6.5 on IWRM and transboundary cooperation: opportunities and barriers
Authors: Sabbatini Carla , Indij Damian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Capacity development (CD) is acknowledged as a driver of effective implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) (SDG 6.5.1) and transboundary water management (SDG 6.5.2). This paper explores the factors that facilitate or hinder CD for these agendas, to describe the roles water CD organisations play in support of these SDGs at the country level and to suggest potential pathways to leverage their work. A survey was conducted to analyse the perspectives of 41 water CD programme managers on their operational modes, strengths, opportunities and main challenges. Selected key informants were interviewed in depth, and the findings were analysed in the light of the literature on CD. The results highlight (1) an array of good-practice activities currently in progress, which provide potential for scaling up to accelerate progress; (2) wide acceptance of the relevance of the 2030 Agenda, even though this does not always explicitly address specific SDGs and (3) the difficulties in making the 2030 Agenda relevant to local communities. Further research is recommended to understand the context- and culturally-bound specifics of CD, to produce more locally sensitive and effective impact assessment frameworks and to adjust support to leverage CD to accelerate progress on the SDGs.
Exogenous PDE5 Expression Rescues Photoreceptors in RD1 Mice
Authors: Zou Tongdan , Wang Ting , Zhen Fangyuan , He Xu , Dong Shuqian , Zhang Houbin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Catalytic hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
by phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is critical in phototransduction signalling in photoreceptors.
Mutations in the genes encoding any of the three PDE6 subunits are associated
with retinitis pigmentosa, the most common form of inherited retinal diseases. The RD1
mouse carries a naturally occurring nonsense mutation in the Pde6b gene. The RD1
mouse retina rapidly degenerates and fails to form rod photoreceptor outer segments due
to the elevated cGMP level and subsequent excessive Ca2+ influx. In this study, we aim to
test whether the PDE5 expression, a non-photoreceptor-specific member of the PDE superfamily,
rescues photoreceptors in the RD1 retina.

Methods:
Electroporation used the PDE5 expression plasmid to transfect neonatal RD1
mice. The mouse retina degeneration was assessed by retinal sections’ stains with DAPI.
The expression and localization of phototransduction proteins in photoreceptors were
analysed by immunostaining. The expression of proteins in cultured cells was analysed
by immunoblotting.

Results:
The exogenous PDE5 expression, a non-photoreceptor-specific member of the
PDE superfamily, prevents photoreceptor degeneration in RD1 mice. Unlike endogenous
photoreceptor-specific PDE6 localised in the outer segments of photoreceptors, ectopically-
expressed PDE5 was distributed in inner segments and synaptic terminals. PDE5 also
promoted the development of the outer segments in RD1 mice. PDE5 co-expression with
rhodopsin in cultured cells showed enhanced rhodopsin expression.

Conclusion:
Lowering the cGMP level in photoreceptors by PDE5 is sufficient to rescue
photoreceptors in RD1 retinas. cGMP may also play a role in rhodopsin expression regulation
in photoreceptors.
Rhodium-Stabilized Vinylcarbenoid Intermediates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This article will give an overview of the reactions and synthetic utility of rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids, which have been shown in recent years to be versatile synthetic intermediates. They undergo highly diastereoselective cyclopropanations with a wide array of alkenes and dienes, and the resulting vinylcyclopropanes are readily converted to other ring systems. Most notable is the reaction between vinylcarbenoids and dienes, which is a general method for the stereoselective construction of seven-membered carbocycles by means of a tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement sequence. Efficient insertions into Si-H, C-H, N-H and 0-H bonds can also be achieved by rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids. The synthetic utility of vinylcarbenoid chemistry has been greatly enhanced by the recent development of chiral catalysts and auxiliaries that enable this chemistry to be achieved with high asymmetric induction.
Metal-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution Processes
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Didiuk Mary T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
A large variety of metal-based chiral complexes have been developed in the past twenty five years that allow for the effective catalytic resolution of an impressive range of racemic compounds. After the initial discovery of Ti-catalyzed kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols by Sharpless and coworkers in the early eighties, a number of other transformations have emerged that may be used for catalytic resolution. Amongst them are the Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation, the Zr-catalyzed carbomagnesation, the Mn-catalyzed epoxidation, the Co-catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis, and the Ti-catalyzed reduction of C=N and C=0 bonds. Most recently, the Mo-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis has been utilized to catalytically resolve organic molecules in an efficient manner. This article provides a brief overview of these and other major developments in metal-catalyzed kinetic resolution; strengths and weaknesses of various methods are discussed, and different protocols that afford identical or similar optically pure or enriched compounds are compared. Where possible, the available mechanistic paradigms that affords a rationale as to the observed stereochemical outcomes are provided.
Chemical	and Chemo-Enzymatic Approaches	to Unnatural Ketoses and Glycosidase Inhibitors with Basic Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring
Authors: Fechter M.H. , Stutz A.E. , Tauss A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The intramolecular reductive amination of the carbonyl group in a y- or 8-aminoaldose or -ketose was employed as the first synthetic access to iminoalditols. Over the past thirty years, this approach has remained one of the most important methods for the synthesis of highly functionalized monocyclic as well as bicyclic alkaloidal carbohydrate mimics from sugars. Such compounds have been found to exhibit exciting biological properties. Because aminoaldehydes and aminoketones are key intermediates, preparative approaches to these compounds have been devised based on a variety of chemical as well as enzymatic methods. These include the chemical synthesis as well as the modification of sugars and the enzymatic construction of the carbon backbone from suitably functionalized precursors. Recently, chemical as well as enzymatic isomerization reactions of modified mono- and disaccharides have been identified as viable alternatives to these established strategies.