bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical changes in descending serotonergic projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla to the spinal dorsal horn following repetitive neonatal painful procedures
Authors: de Kort Anne R. , Joosten Elbert A. , Versantvoort Eline M. , Patijn Jacob , Tibboel Dick , van den Hoogen Nynke J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExcessive noxious stimulation during the critical neonatal period impacts the nociceptive network lasting into adulthood. As descending serotonergic projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to the spinal dorsal horn develop postnatally, this study aims to investigate the long‐term effect of repetitive neonatal procedural pain on the descending serotonergic RVM–spinal dorsal horn network. A well‐established rat model of repetitive noxious procedures is used in which neonatal rats received four noxious needle pricks or tactile stimulation with a cotton swab per day in the left hind paw from day of birth to postnatal Day 7. Control animals were left undisturbed. When animals reached adulthood, tissue was collected for quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) in the RVM and spinal dorsal horn. Both repetitive noxious and tactile procedures in the neonate decreased the 5‐HT staining intensity in the adult ipsilateral but not contralateral spinal dorsal horn. Repetitive neonatal noxious procedures resulted in an increased area covered with 5‐HT staining in the adult RVM ipsilateral to the side of injury, whereas repetitive neonatal tactile stimulation resulted in increased 5‐HT staining intensity in both the ipsi‐ and contralateral RVM. The number of 5‐HT cells in adult RVM is unaffected by neonatal conditions. This detailed anatomical study shows that not only neonatal noxious procedures but also repetitive tactile procedures result in long‐lasting anatomical changes of the descending serotonergic system within the RVM and spinal dorsal horn. Future studies should investigate whether these anatomical changes translate to functional differences in descending serotonergic modulation after neonatal adverse experiences.
Demographic Disparities in the Federal Drug Approval Process for Allergic Rhinitis Medications
Authors: Liebowitz Andi , Spielman Daniel B. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Stewart Michael G. , Gudis David A. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveDemographic minorities are underrepresented in clinical trials. For the approval of new drug applications (NDAs), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has asserted that clinical trial enrollment should represent the demographics of patients likely to receive the trial drug. The aim of this study is to assess the demographics of clinical trials included in NDAs and biologics license applications (BLAs) approved by the FDA since 1990 for allergic rhinitis (AR), a condition whose demographic prevalence mirrors the US population.MethodsFederal Freedom of Information Act requests were submitted to the US government to obtain documents related to all relevant NDAs and BLAs. The Drugs@FDA database was queried for all clinical trial documentation. Demographic data were extracted from clinical trials used to inform FDA approval for AR pharmacotherapies. Demographics were analyzed relative to national US Census data.ResultsSince 1990, 22 drugs have been approved for AR. The racial, ethnic, and sex composition of all included study populations differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the demographics of AR and from US Census data. Most NDAs and BLAs included overrepresentation of White participants and underrepresentation of Black, Asian, Pacific Island, Native American, and Hispanic participants.ConclusionThe patients enrolled in clinical trials used to inform FDA approval for AR pharmacotherapeutics do not represent the demographics of the United States or the demographics of AR. The clinical significance of unrepresentative demography between study and treatment populations has been examined for several medical disorders, but has not been studied for AR.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:755–763, 2023
Stimuli‐Responsive Pickering Emulsions Regulated via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Zeng Min , Liu Yanlin , Sui Xiaofeng , Yuan Jinying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the development of reversible deactivated radical polymerization techniques, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is emerging as a facile method to prepare block copolymer nanoparticles in situ with high concentrations, providing wide potential applications in different fields, including nanomedicine, coatings, nanomanufacture, and Pickering emulsions. Polymeric emulsifiers synthesized by PISA have many advantages comparing with conventional nanoparticle emulsifiers. The morphologies, size, and amphiphilicity can be readily regulated via the synthetic process, post‐modification, and external stimuli. By introducing stimulus responsiveness into PISA nanoparticles, Pickering emulsions stabilized with these nanoparticles can be endowed with “smart” behaviors. The emulsions can be regulated in reversible emulsification and demulsification. In this review, the authors focus on recent progress on Pickering emulsions stabilized by PISA nanoparticles with stimuli‐responsiveness. The factors affecting the stability of emulsions during emulsification and demulsification are discussed in details. Furthermore, some viewpoints for preparing stimuli‐responsive emulsions and their applications in antibacterial agents, diphase reaction platforms, and multi‐emulsions are discussed as well. Finally, the future developments and applications of stimuli‐responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by PISA nanoparticles are highlighted.
Tetrazole as a Carboxylic Acid Isostere and the Synthesis of All Amine‐Based Polyampholytes
Authors: Nguyen Amber , Dallerba Elena , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new family of polyampholytes (PAMs) is described in which both the basic and acidic groups are based on nitrogen functional groups. Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐prepared poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) is quantitatively modified sequentially with 3‐picolylamine and 5‐aminotetrazole, yielding the new well‐defined statistical PAMs. Successful formation of the PAMs is confirmed via a combination of 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopy and FTIR. Aqueous electrophoresis indicates isoelectric points (pI) between 2.9 and 4.4 depending on copolymer composition. However, the pI is somewhat insensitive to the copolymer composition, a feature attributed to the similarity of the pKas of the acid tetrazole species and the conjugate acid of the pyridyl repeat units.
A Screening of Native (Poly)phenols and Gut‐Related Metabolites on 3D HCT116 Spheroids Reveals Gut Health Benefits of a Flavan‐3‐ol Metabolite
Authors: Rubert Josep , Gatto Pamela , Pancher Michael , Sidarovich Viktoryia , Curti Claudio , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Quattrone Alessandro , Mattivi Fulvio 
Published: April 2022

ScopeEpidemiological evidence suggests that a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with high consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are major sources of fiber and phytochemicals, such as flavan‐3‐ols. However, it remains unknown how these phytochemicals and their specific gut‐related metabolites may alter cancer cell behavior.Methods and resultsA focused screening using native (poly)phenols and gut microbial metabolites (GMMs) on 3D HCT116 spheroids is carried out using a high‐throughput imaging approach. Dose–responses, IC50, and long‐term exposure are calculated for the most promising native (poly)phenols and GMMs. As a result, this research shows that (poly)phenol catabolites may play a key role in preventing cancer propagation. Indeed, µM concentration levels of (4R)‐5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone significantly decrease spheroid size at early stages of spheroid aggregation and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases.ConclusionA chronic exposure to (4R)‐5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone may lead to a reduced CRC risk. Daily intake of monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols may increase the colonic concentrations of this metabolite, and, in turn, this compound may act locally interacting with intestinal epithelial cells, precancerous and cancer cells.
Compact switchable filter with three state modes using simple microstrip structure
Authors: Deng Xida , Dong Ge , Xu Kai‐Da 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a compact multifunctional reconfigurable filter based on double coupled‐line structures with three different filtering modes. Three different working modes of the wideband bandpass filter (BPF), bandstop filter (BSF) and wideband filter with single notch can be switched. One prototype of the reconfigurable filter is constructed and measured. For the wideband BPF mode, the 3‐dB bandwidth is 84.5%with in‐band return loss (RL) higher than 21.5 dB and minimum insertion losses (IL) of 0.9 dB, and rejections for the upper stopband is higher than 22.5 dB. For the wideband filter with single notch mode, the 3‐dB bandwidth is 39.7% and 24.9%, with the minimum in‐band IL of 1.13 dB and 1.5 dB, respectively. The maximum rejections between the two bands are 32 dB, and the upper stop band rejections are higher than 19 dB. For the BSF mode, the 3‐dB bandwidth is 29.6%.
3D computational model of oxygen depletion kinetics in brain vasculature during FLASH RT and its implications for in vivo oximetry experiments
Authors: Cui Sunan , Pratx Guillem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeUltra‐high‐dose‐rate irradiation, also known as FLASH, has been shown to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy (RT). The mechanism behind this effect has been partially explained by the radiochemical oxygen depletion (ROD) hypothesis, which attributes the protection of the normal tissue to the induction of transient hypoxia by ROD. To better understand the contribution of oxygen to the FLASH effect, it is necessary to measure oxygen (O2) in vivo during FLASH irradiation. This study's goal is to determine the temporal resolution required to accurately measure the rapidly changing oxygen concentration immediately after FLASH irradiation.MethodsWe conducted a computational simulation of oxygen dynamics using a real vascular model that was constructed from a public fluorescence microscopy dataset. The dynamic distribution of oxygen tension (po2) during and after FLASH RT was modeled by a partial differential equation (PDE) considering oxygen diffusion, metabolism, and ROD. The underestimation of ROD due to oxygen recovery was evaluated assuming either complete or partial depletion, and a range of possible values for parameters such as oxygen diffusion, consumption, vascular po2 and vessel density.ResultThe O2 concentration recovers rapidly after FLASH RT. Assuming a temporal resolution of 0.5 s, the estimated ROD is only 50.7% and 36.7% of its actual value in cases of partial and complete depletion, respectively. Additionally, the underestimation of ROD is highly dependent on the vascular density. To estimate ROD rate with 90% accuracy, temporal resolution on the order of milliseconds is required considering the uncertainty in parameters involved, especially, the diverse vascular density of the tissue.ConclusionThe rapid recovery of O2 poses a great challenge for in vivo ROD measurements during FLASH RT. Temporal resolution on the order of milliseconds is recommended for ROD measurements in the normal tissue. Further work is warranted to investigate whether the same requirements apply to tumors, given their irregular vasculature.
Smooth‐rough asymmetric PLGA structure made of dip coating membrane and electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds meant to be used for guided tissue regeneration of periodontium
Authors: Nitti Paola , Palazzo Barbara , Gallo Nunzia , Scalera Francesca , Sannino Alessandro , Gervaso Francesca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA surgical procedure for the repair of damaged periodontal tissue is Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR), which involves the use of a barrier membrane to prevent soft tissue ingrowth and create a space for slow regeneration of periodontium and bone. GTR membrane should have pores able to facilitate the diffusion of fluids, oxygen, nutrients, and bioactive substances for cell growth, but also be impermeable to epithelial cells or gingival fibroblasts, which could overpopulate the defect space and inhibit infiltration and activity of bone‐forming cells. In this paper, a bilayer PLGA membrane was realized by coupling the dip coating and electrospinning techniques. The rough layer of the double‐sided structure was electrospun on the previously prepared smooth dip‐coated membrane. A rotating drum collector at two rotating speeds was used to generate different fibers orientation. The bilayer membrane with different superimposed surfaces was successfully fabricated and characterized from a morphological, physicochemical, and the mechanical point of view. Performed analyses revealed that the membrane possesses suitable properties, especially from mechanical point of view, for its possible use as a scaffold for the GTR of periodontum. A high fiber alignment and improved mechanical properties with respect to available GTR membranes characterized the product resulting from this study.
Anonymous Bitcoin transaction: A solution using secure multiparty computation
Authors: Mardi Dhaneshwar , Howlader Jaydeep 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBitcoin is a popular form of cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin provides users' anonymity through cryptographic pseudonyms. Bitcoin operates on a peer‐to‐peer network that maintains a public ledger, calledblockchain, to log all transactions from one pseudonym to other, thereby hides the identity of the users. A transaction graph from theblockchainmay unveil certain users' identities. To sustain with users' anonymity, mixing is often applied.CoinJoin,MixCoin,CoinShuffle,CoinPartyandSecureCoinare some of the Bitcoin protocols that applymixnet.Mixnethas certain limitations. Firstly, protocols assume “escrow addressee” that collects the coins, and performsmixing. The “escrow addressee” must be trustworthy. Secondly, protocols which do not assume “escrow addressee,” often usemixnet.Mixnetrequires every participant must sign all others transactions. This incurs large volume of multi‐signature. Presently, Bitcoin protocol can include at most 15 multi‐signatures. Therefore, the protocols are not scalable. Finally,mixnetis “all‐or‐nothing.” That is, if all mixnodes are active then only the output is guaranteed. We present a multiparty shuffling protocol to anonymize the Bitcoin transactions. Our protocol is free from “escrow addressee” and multi‐signature. The protocol executes in multiple rounds. The protocol is not “all‐or‐nothing.” That means, every round guarantees some degree of anonymity.
Pulmonary and laryngeal oedema before induction of anaesthesia in a sheep
Authors: Ruíz‐López Patricia , Martens Ann , Chantillon Laurens , Schauvliege Stijn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis case report describes the anaesthesia of a ram undergoing an exploratory laparotomy, which suffered from respiratory distress during the perioperative period. On the morning of surgery, the animal presented with oedematous ears, most likely caused by a tight‐fitting muzzle that had been used for preoperative fasting. After sedation, a mild stridor was heard. During endotracheal intubation, a swollen larynx was observed, and a frothy discharge emerged through the endotracheal tube after placement. Most likely, the tight muzzle caused a partial obstruction of the nostrils, increasing the respiratory effort and causing an increase in the pressure gradient, which provoked laryngeal and pulmonary oedema. Treatment consisted of repeated suctioning of fluid from the endotracheal tube, furosemide, dexamethasone, mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen during anaesthesia and oxygen supplementation during recovery. Despite moderately low arterial oxygen tension during anaesthesia, the animal recovered uneventfully and did not show further signs of respiratory distress.
Leading-color two-loop amplitudes for four partons and a W boson in QCD
Authors: Abreu S. , Cordero F. Febres , Ita H. , Klinkert M. , Page B. , Sotnikov V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present the leading-color two-loop QCD corrections for the scattering of four partons and a W boson, including its leptonic decay. The amplitudes are assembled from the planar two-loop helicity amplitudes for four partons and a vector boson decaying to a lepton pair, which are also used to determine the planar two-loop amplitudes for four partons and a Z/γ∗ boson with a leptonic decay. The analytic expressions are obtained by setting up a dedicated Ansatz and constraining the free parameters from numerical samples obtained within the framework of numerical unitarity. The large linear systems that must be solved to determine the analytic expressions are constructed to be in Vandermonde form. Such systems can be very efficiently solved, bypassing the bottleneck of Gaussian elimination. Our results are expressed in a basis of one-mass pentagon functions, which opens the possibility of their efficient numerical evaluation.
Strong Sard conjecture and regularity of singular minimizing geodesics for analytic sub-Riemannian structures in dimension 3
Authors: da Silva A. Belotto , Figalli A. , Parusiński A. , Rifford L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we prove the strong Sard conjecture for sub-Riemannian structures on 3-dimensional analytic manifolds. More precisely, given a totally nonholonomic analytic distribution of rank 2 on a 3-dimensional analytic manifold, we investigate the size of the set of points that can be reached by singular horizontal paths starting from a given point and prove that it has Hausdorff dimension at most 1. In fact, provided that the lengths of the singular curves under consideration are bounded with respect to a given complete Riemannian metric, we demonstrate that such a set is a semianalytic curve. As a consequence, combining our techniques with recent developments on the regularity of sub-Riemannian minimizing geodesics, we prove that minimizing sub-Riemannian geodesics in 3-dimensional analytic manifolds are always of class $$C^1$$

C
1

, and actually they are analytic outside of a finite set of points.
Impact of Sex and Obesity on Echocardiographic Parameters in Children and Adolescents
Authors: von der Born Jeannine , Baberowski Sarah , Memaran Nima , Grams Lena , Homeyer Denise , Borchert-Mörlins Bianca , Sugianto Rizky Indrameikha , Paulsen Mira , Bauer Elena , Grabitz Carl , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Kerling Arno , Beerbaum Philipp , Stiesch Meike , Tegtbur Uwe , Melk Anette 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubclinical alterations in left ventricular structure and function are detectable in adolescents with hypertension or obesity. However, data on early echocardiographic abnormalities in seemingly healthy children are lacking. Sex differences in cardiac structure and function have been previously reported, but sex-specific reference values are not available. Specifically, the potential interaction of sex and overweight has not been addressed at all. Anthropometric data, blood pressure and exercise tests were obtained in 356 healthy children. Echocardiographic parameters comprised peak early (E) and late (A) mitral inflow Doppler velocities,E/A ratio, tissue Doppler peak velocities of early (e′) and late diastolic (a′) excursion of mitral/septal annulus and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVMIz-score were calculated. Interaction terms between BMI and sex and stratification by sex were used for analysis. We provide values for echocardiographic parameters for children of two age groups separated by BMI. Overweight/obese children had a significant higher LVMI, lowerE/A ratio, higherE/e′ ratios and a longer IVRT. For a given BMI in the upper ranges we demonstrated a higher LVMI in girls than in boys, the IVRT extended significantly more in girls than in boys with increasing BMI. There are sex differences in structural and functional echocardiographic parameters in children and adolescents. Our data not only confirms the importance of overweight and obesity, but demonstrates important interactions between sex and overweight. The greater susceptibility of overweight girls toward echocardiographic changes associated with potential long-term functional impairment needs further exploration and follow-up.Trial registration number DRKS00012371; Date 18.08.2017.
Fixation of platelet-rich plasma and fibrin gels on knee cartilage defects after microfracture with arthroscopy
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Gao Wenxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
An investigation of arthroscopic surgery combined with coverage of the microfractured wound surface with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and fibrin gels (FG) to treat knee cartilage defects.

Methods
Between February 2017 and February 2020, 145 patients with knee cartilage defects were treated. Only isolated full-thickness cartilage defects were included, and 28 patients (12 men and 16 women) were included in this study. They were all treated with arthroscopic surgery on subchondral bones, filled with PRP and thrombin, and sealed with FG. The knee pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were measured after the patients climbed ten stairs up and down, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index and the area of cartilage defects were measured through the pre-operative and post-operative follow-up. The complication incidences were also observed.

Results
All patients were followed up for ten to 15 months (median 12 months). The knee pain VAS scores decreased from 6.57 ± 1.07 pre-operatively to 2.09 ± 1.35 at the last follow-up. The WOMAC osteoarthritis index decreased from 44.32 ± 3.95 (mean ± sd) pre-operatively to 16.57 ± 2.20 by the last follow-up. The cartilage defect decreased from 2.93 ± 0.65 cm2 pre-operatively to 1.09 ± 0.69 cm2 at the last follow-up. All scores showed statistically significant improvements after surgery (p < 0.05). No complications were observed.

Conclusion
The combination therapy of arthroscopic surgery and covering the microfractured wound surface with PRP and FG can repair knee cartilage defects, relieve pain, and improve function, and is a safe and effective treatment.