bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Giri Keshab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the readers to International Relations literature on female combatants, and highlights the major theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions the book makes. The chapter details the two key ideas the book seeks to develop: a deeper understanding of female combatants’ experiences of war and “post-war” using an intersectional lens and extending the intersectional lens further to study the “private sphere” during and after war. It situates these two conceptual undertakings within the broader theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions the book makes to the feminist security studies and feminist International Relations literature and calls for a stronger understanding of everyday embodied lived experiences that extends to the private realm. This chapter proceeds to give a short background of female combatants in the Maoist insurgency in Nepal before outlining the theory and methodology of the research. Finally, this chapter offers an outline of the book.
Why Women Rebelled in Nepal? Narratives of Mobilization
Authors: Giri Keshab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives a synopsis of existing theories of women’s mobilization as combatants to highlight that the case of Maoist insurgency in Nepal constitutes a unique case for which existing theories do not fully account. Beyond existing theories, categorized as supply-side and demand-side theories, the case of Nepal offers some novel insights through women’s mobilization in the Maoist insurgency. This chapter explores this through “strategic learning,” “instrumentalization of patriarchy,” “ideology-cum-identity” as mobilization strategy, and a pre-history of women rebels. However, it also offers critical accounts of the gendered, casted, and racial nature of mobilization by problematizing the construction of Nepali women as uniformly “oppressed and helpless,” needing male Maoist leaders to “rescue” them. The chapter stresses the importance of intersectional analysis in exposing ahistorical, singular, and essentialized narratives of women’s mobilization and underlining inherent inconsistencies in the Maoist narratives of women’s empowerment and liberation.
Economics Needs Moral Sentiments
Authors: Wilson Bart J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a field of study, economics is, first and foremost, about maximizing our material interests. If there is something that almost everyone agrees on about the modern age, it’s that Adam Smith says that economics is built on self-interest, if you’re being generous, or selfishness, if you’re not. Despite many undaunted attempts in the twenty-first century to correct such a cartoony sketch of Adam Smith, the story remains pretty much unchanged. The invisible hand of competition directs bad acts and immoral motives to our material advantage. Oh please. There is no original sin, nor is any penance required in the basic principles of wealth creation. But purposes and human values are required.
With Universal Patterns of Human History
Authors: Wilson Bart J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Homo sapiens is no ordinary species. Humans stand alone in nature as beings who purposefully turn natural-born enemies into exchanging friends. Understanding humankind’s place in the world is key to understanding why purposeful human conduct is necessary to explain the basic principles of economics, and why, in turn, economics is necessary to explain the wonder and surprise of the human condition. The very foundation of economics is about what all human beings do. As a species, we have commonly embodied, stable dispositions. Our primate heritage has bequeathed all human communities, past and present, customs for the exchange of objects, the division of labor, and property. The details may differ object by object, place by place, time by time, people by people. But there is also a marvelous sameness to what all human beings do in the principles of economics, and that sameness is necessary to explain the principles of economics.
And with Human Customs and Practices
Authors: Wilson Bart J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The human mind’s capacity for abstract thought makes language, creativity, and morality possible, all of which are necessary for the human species to accumulate know-how from generation to generation. The challenge that moral sentiments pose to the study of economics is that any moral sentiment can be both value-affirming and value-denying. The challenge deepens when we realize that a successful custom can also be the cause of moral sentiments in the future. Proverbially, we seem to have a chicken and an egg problem to dissolve. We need a framework that not only explains human conduct with causes and effects but that also dissolves traditional thinking about cause and effect as one-way. We need a framework with history and change, within a life and across many lives. We need a framework with moral human customs. We need a framework that begins with the human being.
Why Do Human Beings Truck, Barter, and Exchange One Thing for Another?
Authors: Wilson Bart J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human beings are the only species that routinely exchanges one thing for another thing, and all human communities do this. Nobody ever saw any other animals by their gestures, and natural cries jointly signify to each other, “This thing is not mine, it is yours.” For reasons I do not understand, economists seem to care little that a uniquely human behavior may be the very foundation of their field of study. As a step toward re-classicalizing economics, I follow Adam Smith in proffering the propensity to trade as a necessary, but not sufficient, principle of the wealth of nations that is moral all the way down.
Catholic Fundamentalism in America
Authors: Massa, S.J. Mark S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book represents an important contribution to the study of both American religion and American Catholicism. Until recently, the word “fundamentalism” was understood to be a singularly Protestant phenomenon emerging out of a fragile alliance between evangelicals, premillennialists, Princeton theology advocates, and biblical literalists. This book proves that presumption to be wrong: a distinctively Catholic form of the fundamentalist impulse emerged shortly after the end of World War II and has grown significantly since. Like their Protestant second cousins, Catholic fundamentalists combine a sectarian understanding of religion with a militant anti-modernist stance. Also like the Protestant fundamentalists, Catholic devotees of the impulse have sought (and found) political conservatives who make common cause on a range of political and cultural issues (the place of women in American culture, the value of pluralism with the Church and the larger culture, the importance of cooperation in the culture with non-Catholics, etc.). This book thus makes a singular contribution in understanding the similarities and the differences between Protestant and Catholic conservatives in the United States in the years after 1945.
The “Benedict Option” in Kansas
Authors: Massa, S.J. Mark S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the community gathered in St. Marys, Kansas, by the schismatic order of priests, the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). This town of several thousand Catholic faithful has been called the “most successful Christian Withdrawal Experiment,” a response to Rod Dreher’s bestseller, The Benedict Option, which called on Christians to flee from the “coming dark age” (Dreher’s term) by forming themselves into closed communities composed entirely of “The Devout” (again, Dreher’s term). The result is that St. Marys, Kansas, is more like a sect than a Catholic community. And because the SSPX exercises almost total control over the town, the population is growing exponentially, both because of the order’s banning of all forms of birth control and because of its identity among conservative Catholics as a desirable place to raise a family.
Light in the Dark
Authors: 9780197762165  , Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Light in the Dark tells the dramatic history of Icelandic cinema from its modest origins in the early twentieth century to the heterogenous and complex national cinema of today. In doing so, it visits and casts light on the earliest films made in the country, Scandinavians adaptations of Icelandic literature filmed during the late silent period, documentaries of the interwar era, the first narrative features following the end of World War II and national independence, the foundation of the Icelandic Film Fund and the emergence of national cinema proper in the 1980s, the subsequent impact of first European art cinema and then Hollywood genre cinema, and the remarkable international success of Icelandic cinema in the twenty-first century. The work illuminates the constant tug between local and national cultural forces and the transnational and global pull of world cinema. Along the way it draws attention to many additional issues and topics regarding Icelandic cinema, including depictions of nature and animals, the aesthetics of fire and ice, the role of film adaptation, the impact of Nordic noir and crime fiction, Hollywood runaway productions, and the question of women’s cinema in Icelandic filmmaking. Throughout the book, films from all periods of Icelandic filmmaking are analyzed in detail with equal emphasis on content and form, including both lesser known titles and familiar classics.
Introduction
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In addition to explaining the content and structure of the book as a whole, the Introduction discusses the concept of national cinema in detail. It draws attention to the often-neglected issue of scale in academic scholarship on the topic and argues that Icelandic cinema challenges some of its assumptions due to the country’s small size. It also introduces the concept of the transnational and explains its importance for understanding Icelandic cinema, which throughout its history has oscillated between a local and a global emphasis. Finally, it concludes with an overview of the book’s three part division and the content of their respective chapters.
Overview I, 1901–1979
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter aims for a broad and balanced overview of filmmaking activity in Iceland during the first eight decades of the twentieth century. It opens with the first film exhibitions and filmmaking activity in the country and addresses all the subsequent major historical signposts, including the emergence of documentary cinema following World War I, Nordic adaptations of Icelandic literary works in the interwar era, the novelty of local feature films following World War II, and the extended lull that preceded the introduction of the Icelandic Film Fund towards the end of the 1970s. The role of pioneering film directors like Loftur Guðmundsson, Vigfús Sigurgeirsson, Kjartan Ó. Bjarnason, Óskar Gíslason, Þorgeir Þorgeirson, and Reynir Oddsson is emphasized throughout the chapter.
Iceland in Living Pictures
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins with the very emergence of filmmaking in Iceland, by looking closely at the oldest extant Icelandic film, Firemen Practice in Reykjavík (Alfred Lind, 1906, Slökkviliðsæfing í Reykjavík), and the many documentaries about Iceland that were grouped together under the name “Iceland-films” early in the twentieth century. It argues that these films capture the flow of life of the period and are therefore a good example of what Siegfried Kracauer considered to be the essence of cinema. The chapter then shifts the focus to the narrative feature films that emerged in the period after World War II in the hands of local photographers Loftur Guðmundsson and Óskar Gíslason, and later also the established Scandinavian film directors Arne Mattson and Erik Balling.
Adapting a Literary Nation to Film
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the national status of Icelandic cinema in terms of the strong historical emphasis on the ties between Icelandic national identity and its language and literature. To shed light on this, it introduces two extensive case studies. The first regards Swedish and Danish silent film adaptations, including Victor Sjöström’s classic The Outlaw and His Wife (1917, Berg-Ejvind och hans hustru), of Icelandic literature written by Jóhann Sigurjónsson, Guðmundur Kamban, and Gunnar Gunnarsson, that exoticized Icelanders for foreign readers and viewers. The second case study focuses on the conspicuous anxiety among Icelandic filmmakers in tackling the cherished medieval Icelandic sagas and the celebrated twentieth-century novels of Nobel laurate Halldór Laxness.
Overview II, 1980–1999
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter aims for a broad and balanced overview of filmmaking activity in Iceland during the last two decades of the twentieth century. It begins by explaining how the introduction of the Icelandic Film Fund laid the foundation for an Icelandic national cinema, and gives an overview of the many popular films released during the 1980s. It then goes on to show that regardless of this early popularity, the Icelandic box office was simply too small to sustain Icelandic filmmaking on its own, despite financial support from the Fund. As a result, Icelandic cinema increasingly turned to European funding and transnational production practices that paved the way for a much more outward-looking cinema during the 1990s.
The Countryside versus the City
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The first half of the chapter is devoted to a detailed comparative analysis of the two pioneering films of 1980, Ágúst Guðmundsson’s Land and Sons (Land og synir) and Hrafn Gunnlaugsson’s Father’s Estate (Óðal feðranna), and their different depictions of the countryside and by implication Icelandic national identity. It then goes on to describe how the central role of the countryside in Icelandic cinema began to make way—temporarily—for films set in the capital Reykjavík. In particular, the chapter looks closely at Júlíus Kemp’s Wallpaper (Veggfóður) and Óskar Jónasson’s Remote Control (Sódóma Reykjavík), as in addition to the shift in location these two films heralded in a new, more cavalier and youthful filmmaking approach in Icelandic cinema.
The Transnational Imperative
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In addressing the dramatic shift from the local to the global that took place during the 1990s in Icelandic cinema, the chapter emphasizes the pivotal role played by director Friðrik Þór Friðriksson. In doing so, it traces Friðriksson’s career from its roots in experimental cinema and music documentaries to feature films indebted to the aesthetic strategies of the European art film. His key narrative features, including Children of Nature (1991, Börn náttúrunnar) and Cold Fever (1995, Á köldum klaka), are analyzed in detail with an emphasis on their transnational elements, as are many other key films of directors like Hilmar Oddsson and Guðný Halldórsdóttir that were to follow Friðriksson’s transnational example.
Adaptation as Transnationalization
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the extensive changes regarding film adaptation that took place in Icelandic cinema during the 1990s and are defined in terms of transnationalization. It opens with analyses of adaptations from the early 1980s, especially Ágúst Guðmunsson’s The Outlaw (1981, Útlaginn), a most faithful adaptation of the medieval Gisli Sursson’s Saga, which is characterized by a very strong national inscription. Conversely, following the increasingly global financing of Icelandic cinema during the 1990s, filmmakers made extensive efforts to make film adaptations more accessible to non-Icelandic audiences. This process culminates in Baltasar Kormákur’s adaptation of Hallgrímum Helgason’s 101 Reykjavík, which is analyzed in detail toward the end of the chapter.
Icelandic Women’s Cinema
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
After a long drought, a new generation of Icelandic women directors emerged in the late teens when Guðrún Ragnarsdóttir, Ása Helga Hjörleifsdóttir, Ísold Uggadóttir, and Ásthildur Kjartansdóttir made their debut feature films, while Silja Hauksdóttir finally made her second film, fifteen years after her debut. These films are analyzed in detail in the chapter, with an emphasis on their novelty in terms of not only gender but also ethnicity and sexuality. Even on the rare occasion when male filmmakers highlight such topics, the results are markedly different and more conservative. The chapter also draws attention to the disproportionate international success of many Icelandic women, including composer Hildur Guðnadóttir, makeup artist Heba Þórisdóttir, and editors Valdís Óskarsdóttir and Elísabet Ronaldsdóttir.
Democracy and Climate Crisis
Authors: Youngs Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines how climate change and ecological stresses are starting to reshape politics. In some ways the climate and ecological crisis is acting to increase government powers and state control over societies, fueling an era of empowered states. In many countries, the green-empowered state is helping to make democracy more resilient to climate change. Yet in others it is intensifying authoritarian dynamics or powering a trend toward narrowed forms of elitist-trustee democracy. At the same time, climate change has also become a powerful driver of the micropolitics that run as a unifying thread through the book. The climate crisis is increasingly a prompt to popular mobilization, calls for deeper democracy, community organization, climate assemblies, and new political-party engagement. The chapter relates these trends to the book’s analytical framework’s categories of different kinds of statism and micropolitics.
Snapshot: A Global Climate Assembly
Authors: Youngs Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines one example of democratic renewal around the climate agenda: the organization of a first global climate assembly in 2021 and 2022. It explains how this represented an important innovation in moving citizen participation from the local to the international level, to match the global scale of the climate crisis. The formally entitled Global Assembly on the Climate and Ecological Crisis ran with some success and may become a permanent forum from 2024. The experiment sheds light on the balance between the different categories of political action identified in the book’s analytical framework. The Global Assembly’s successes and shortcomings speak to the relationship between governmental and civic action in the area of climate change. The chapter argues that in a next phase the assembly will need to gain a higher profile, become more widely known, involve more global citizens, and attract buy-in from democratic institutions.
Snapshot: Ukraine’s Democratic Resilience
Authors: Youngs Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines how the Russian invasion has affected debates and political actions related to democracy within Ukraine itself. It shows that it is within Ukraine that perhaps the strongest defense of democratic values has taken shape. Intense citizen engagement in the pursuit of better democracy extended across Ukraine in the invasion’s shadow. This is tightly connected to the categories of the book’s analytical framework, as this is an especially critical and compelling case of an intensified civic micropolitics mobilizing in favor of democratic values and self-survival. Ukraine’s domestic resilience shows how the concept of civic micropolitics helps capture one important response to the geopolitics of conflict. The book argues that this is a highly significant case of a critical juncture in geopolitics driving a tightened focus on democracy.
Conclusion
Authors: Youngs Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The conclusion draws out similarities and differences across the three areas of crisis examined throughout the book and reflects on the relationships between them. The conclusions are preliminary more than definitive, as the political ramifications of climate, health, and geopolitical crises will take time to run their course; these closing reflections are offered as a guide to the kinds of questions and issues likely to be of consequence in conditioning future democratic trends and against which still-evolving political adjustments can be measured. The conclusion turns first to the role of these three crises as drivers of political change. A second focus is on unpacking the twin concepts of empowered states and micropolitics that have run as a thread through the book. And a third reflection considers where these current trends leave the prospects for positive democratic transformation flowing from the climate change, pandemic, and geopolitical crises.
Caregiver Coping
Authors: Temkin-Yu Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 provides a rationale for the importance of parent coping and details concrete strategies to improve well-being. It highlights the ways in which parent well-being impacts caregivers as individuals, parenting decisions, parent–child relationships, and teen behavior. Parents are guided through exercises to consider the many factors that impact their wellness and determine what they have control over. The chapter introduces a framework for caregivers to create a concrete long-term plan to improve overall well-being and emotional reserves. It also provides a clear coping plan template and examples for how to cope with stressful moments while they are happening. Chapter exercises and practice worksheets are included to help parents follow through with skills to improve their general emotion regulation.
Making Sense of Behavior
Authors: Temkin-Yu Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 introduces a skill to help parents understand their teen’s behavior patterns and create change over time. It describes how context plays a role in teen actions. Parents are guided to reflect on factors that impact their teen and how to best address these factors. The chapter provides tips for how to frame information in a way that makes behavior change more successful. It also outlines how outcomes play a significant role in whether teens continue versus change behavior in the future. The chapter specifies a number of common outcomes that teenagers care about, and describes how parents can recognize and influence these factors to encourage skillful behavior. Chapter exercises and practice worksheets are included to help parents personalize this skill to better understand their individual child.
Validation
Authors: Temkin-Yu Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the importance of using validation with a teenager who is struggling with mental health. It outlines the role that validation plays in improving connection, self-esteem, and regulation and describes consequences to invalidation. The chapter guides parents on how they can improve their validation skills and offers numerous examples for how validation can look and sound. There is an in-depth overview of common barriers to validation and how parents can overcome them. Chapter exercises and practice worksheets are included to help parents recognize validation versus invalidation, practice this skill, and feel more confident to try the skill at home.