bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in pastoral communities of Afar Regional State, northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Birara Aychiluhm Setognal , Gualu Aragaw , Wuneh Abel Gebre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriages and foetal deaths, pre-term delivery, and maternal mortality. However, limited studies have been conducted in Ethiopia that may not represent the problem among pregnant women in pastoral communities like the Afar region. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in pastoral communities of the Afar region, northeast Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 20 September to 5 October 2020. A sample of 387 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in randomly selected public health facilities was included. The collected data were checked, cleaned, and entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported into Stata version 14.0 for further analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between undernutrition and its predictors among pregnant women. Finally, the statistical significance level was declared using an adjusted odds ratio with its corresponding 95% confidence interval.
The overall prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was found to be 30.9% [95% CI 26.5%, 35.8%]. Being illiterate, living in rural, women’s substance usage during pregnancy, not receiving counselling on a balanced diet, having chronic medical problems, not taking extra meals within 24 h, having food restrictions during this pregnancy, and being HIV-positive were the independent predictors of undernutrition.

Conclusion
This study indicated that nearly a third of pregnant women were undernourished. The regional and national governments should give due attention to women residing in rural areas to get access to education for women in pastoral communities. The health care providers should strengthen the screening of women with medical problems and interventions that improve maternal health during pregnancy. Besides the provision of prenatal dietary counselling on a balanced diet, avoiding food restrictions and encouraging them to take extra meal during pregnancy are recommended to avoid undernutrition among pregnant women in pastoral communities.
Impact of NSCLC metabolic remodeling on immunotherapy effectiveness
Authors: Lv Lulu , Huang Ruo han , Li Jiale , Xu Jing , Gao Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is known that metabolic reprogramming (MR) contributes to tumorigenesis through the activation of processes that support survival of cells, proliferation, and grow in the tumor microenvironment. In order to keep the tumor proliferating at a high rate, metabolic pathways must be upregulated, and tumor metabolism must be adapted to meet this requirement. Additionally, immune cells engage in metabolic remodeling to maintain body and self-health. With the advent of immunotherapy, the fate of individuals suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed dramatically. MR may have a profound influence on their prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize current research advancements in metabolic reprogramming and their impact on immunotherapy in NSCLC. Moreover, we talk about promising approaches targeting and manipulating metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy’s effectiveness in NSCLC.
Is it the road or the fence? Influence of linear anthropogenic features on the movement and distribution of a partially migratory ungulate
Authors: Jones Paul F. , Jakes Andrew F. , Vegter Scott E. , Verhage Mike S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnthropogenic linear features change the behavior and selection patterns of species, which must adapt to these ever-increasing features on the landscape. Roads are a well-studied linear feature that alter the survival, movement, and distribution of animals. Less understood are the effects of fences on wildlife, though they tend to be more ubiquitous across the landscape than roads. Even less understood are potential indirect effects when fences are found in tandem with roads along transportation corridors.MethodsWe assessed how the spatial configuration of fences and roads effect the movement (crossing effect) and distribution (proximity effect) of a partially migratory pronghorn population (Antilocapra americana) on the grasslands of southern Alberta, Canada. We used data from 55 collared pronghorn within a step-selection function framework to assess the influence of 4 linear features: (1) pasture fences, (2) roads not fenced, (3) roads fenced on one side, and (4) roads fenced on both sides on the selection pattern of migratory and resident animals. We examined whether steps along a movement pathway (i.e., crossing effect) were influenced by the type of linear feature animals attempted to cross and, whether these features affected the distribution of pronghorn (i.e., proximity effect) across the landscape.ResultsThe top model for crossing effect for both movement tactics contained all 4 linear features and land cover. Regression coefficients were negative for all linear features, indicating that individuals were less likely to chose steps that crossed linear features. For the proximity effect, migrant animals avoided all linear features except roads fenced on both sides, where they selected areas closer to this feature. Resident animals, on the other hand, were found closer to pasture fences but further from roads without fences.ConclusionsOur results indicate that both fences and roads are indirectly affecting pronghorn resource use spatially and behaviorally, whether each linear feature is found separately or in tandem. Modifying existing fences and roads to account for responses to these distinct linear features could facilitate more successful crossing opportunities and/or shifts in distribution. Allowing pronghorn to freely move across the landscape will maintain functional connectivity to ensure population persistence of this endemic ungulate.
Dynamic vs. diagnostic assessment: impacts on EFL learners’ speaking fluency and accuracy, learning anxiety, and cognitive load
Authors: Abdulaal Mohammad Awad Al-Dawoody , Alenazi Maryumah Heji , Tajuddin Azza Jauhar Ahmad , Hamidi Bahramuddin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite their importance, dynamic and diagnostic assessments (DigAs) have received little attention in phycological aspects of foreign language teaching and learning settings; therefore, this study compared the effects of dynamic and diagnostic assessment (DigA) on Afghan EFL learners’ speaking fluency and accuracy (SFA), learning anxiety (LA), and cognitive load (CL). To do so, 90 Afghan EFL learners were recruited and assigned to two experimental groups (EGs), namely a dynamic assessment group (DAG), a DigAG, and a control group (CG). After that, the three groups were pretested on SFA, LA, and CL. Then, one EG was trained based on the DA, and the other EG was taught based on the DigA, while the CG received common speaking instruction. After finishing the instruction, all groups were given the posttests of SFA, LA, and CL to evaluate the impacts of the treatment on their performances. The findings of the one-way ANOVA test divulged that both EGs outflanked the CG on their posttests. In fact, using dynamic and DigA developed EFL learners’ SFA and CL and reduced their LA. Though both EGs outflanked the CG, the DAG had better improvement than the DigAG on their posttests. At the end of the research, some implications were provided, and some suggestions were recommended for the next studies.
Can we predict the burden of acute malnutrition in crisis-affected countries? Findings from Somalia and South Sudan
Authors: Checchi Francesco , Frison Séverine , Warsame Abdihamid , Abebe Kiross Tefera , Achen Jasinta , Ategbo Eric Alain , Ayoya Mohamed Ag , Kassim Ismail , Ndiaye Biram , Nyawo Mara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSample surveys are the mainstay of surveillance for acute malnutrition in settings affected by crises but are burdensome and have limited geographical coverage due to insecurity and other access issues. As a possible complement to surveys, we explored a statistical approach to predict the prevalent burden of acute malnutrition for small population strata in two crisis-affected countries, Somalia (2014–2018) and South Sudan (2015–2018).MethodsFor each country, we sourced datasets generated by humanitarian actors or other entities on insecurity, displacement, food insecurity, access to services, epidemic occurrence and other factors on the causal pathway to malnutrition. We merged these with datasets of sample household anthropometric surveys done at administrative level 3 (district, county) as part of nutritional surveillance, and, for each of several outcomes including binary and continuous indices based on either weight-for-height or middle-upper-arm circumference, fitted and evaluated the predictive performance of generalised linear models and, as an alternative, machine learning random forests.ResultsWe developed models based on 85 ground surveys in Somalia and 175 in South Sudan. Livelihood type, armed conflict intensity, measles incidence, vegetation index and water price were important predictors in Somalia, and livelihood, measles incidence, rainfall and terms of trade (purchasing power) in South Sudan. However, both generalised linear models and random forests had low performance for both binary and continuous anthropometric outcomes.ConclusionsPredictive models had disappointing performance and are not usable for action. The range of data used and their quality probably limited our analysis. The predictive approach remains theoretically attractive and deserves further evaluation with larger datasets across multiple settings.
Activities and impacts of patient engagement in CIHR SPOR funded research: a cross-sectional survey of academic researcher and patient partner experiences
Authors: Chudyk Anna Maria , Stoddard Roger , McCleary Nicola , Duhamel Todd A. , Shimmin Carolyn , Hickes Serena , Schultz Annette S. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about the specific engagement activities pursued and associated impacts of patient engagement in research in Canada remains nascent. This study aimed to describe engagement activities and perceived impacts of projects funded by the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional online survey of academic researchers and patient partners engaging in projects funded through 13 SPOR funding calls (2014–2019). Patient engagement activities and impacts were measured using a self-developed survey. Thematic analysis was used to describe engagement activities and impacts.Results66 of 511 academic researchers and 20 of 28 patient partners contacted completed the survey and were included in analyses. Respondents reported that patient partners were engaged in seven types of activities across the research cycle: (a) sharing experiences/giving advice, (b) identifying the research focus/methods, (c) developing/revising aspects of the project, (d) conducting research activities, (e) study participation, (f) presenting on behalf of the project, and (g) other grant development or knowledge translation activities. Engagement was associated with six different types of impacts related to knowledge, outputs, or directions being (a) created, (b) moulded, (c) confirmed, or (d) chosen/prioritized, (e) perceived success of the research, and (f) minimal/negative impacts on the research.ConclusionsThis study presents information on different ways that patient partners were engaged in SPOR-funded research and the potential impacts of these activities. This knowledge base is imperative to the future of patient engagement in research, including the planning and evaluation of future studies that engage patients as active shapers of research.
VR-based health and safety training in various high-risk engineering industries: a literature review
Authors: Toyoda Ryo , Russo-Abegão Fernando , Glassey Jarka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article provides a critical review of the current studies in VR-based health and safety training, assessment techniques, training evaluation, and its potential to improve the training evaluation outcomes in various high-risk engineering industries. The results of this analysis indicate the breadth of VR-based applications in training users on a combination of topics including risk assessment, machinery, and/or process operation in various industries. Data showed that the use of fully immersive VR increased significantly due to the improvements in hardware, display resolution, and affordability. Most of the articles used external assessment to measure the changes in the satisfaction and the declarative knowledge of trainees as these are easier to implement, while some articles started to implement internal assessment that provides an automated assessment capable of measuring complex skills. The results of the study also suggest that it has the potential to improve the training evaluation outcomes compared to traditional training methods. The findings from this study help practitioners and safety managers by providing a training design framework that may be adopted to optimise the condition of a VR-based training.
The bZIP transcription factor UvbZIP6 mediates fungal growth, stress response, and false smut formation in Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Qu Jinsong , Wang Yufu , Cai Minzheng , Liu Yueran , Gu Lifan , Zhou Peng , Du Yulin , Xu Chenghui , Wang Rui , Yin Weixiao , Luo Chaoxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the most destructive diseases in major world rice-producing regions. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins, which belong to an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family and play critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotes, have been previously identified in U. virens; however, their functions still need to be further elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the biological roles of UvbZIP6, a member of the bZIP family in U. virens. In this study, we found that UvbZIP6 was highly up-regulated at 7 days post-inoculation. Deletion of UvbZIP6 in U. virens resulted in an increase in fungal growth and sensitivity to Congo red and calcofluor white, whereas a decrease in sensitivity to hyperosmotic, oxidative, and sodium dodecyl sulfate stresses. Conidiation capacity was reduced in UvbZIP6-knockout mutants, but conidial morphology and germination were not affected. Although UvbZIP6-knockout mutants caused infection in rice plants, they could not form false smut balls. Our study indicates that UvbZIP6 is required for fungal growth, conidiation, stress response, and false smut ball formation of U. virens.
Primary thyroid chondrosarcoma: a case report of an extremely rare malignancy
Authors: Awny Shadi , Zuhdy Mohammad , Hamdy Omar , Saleh Gehad Ahmad , Hassan Ahmed , Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Mosaad Amir , Hafez Mohamed T. , Roshdy Sameh , Setit Ahmed , Megahed Nirmeen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
There are different types of malignant tumors that can affect the thyroid gland where differentiated thyroid carcinomas (papillary and follicular) are the most common representing nearly 90% of cases. Non-epithelial malignancies were also reported to affect the thyroid gland particularly lymphomas and sarcomas that were reported in literature to range from 0.01 to 1.5% of thyroid carcinoma. Herein, we present a case with primary thyroid chondrosarcoma, an extremely rare malignancy of the thyroid gland.

Case presentation
We present a 79-year-old female patient complaining of hard thyroid swelling that was proved to be primary thyroid chondrosarcoma after histopathological assessment.

Conclusion
Chondrosarcoma of the thyroid gland is extremely rare either in the primary or metastatic setting. Although the prognosis is bad, surgery is the main line of treatment after early prompt diagnosis.
Radiological anatomy of foramen rotundum and its surgical implications
Authors: Edouard Amani , Ibrahim Ahmad Aly , Shama Sherif Abdelmoneim , Abdelnabi Mostapha Mohamed , Birindwa Patrick Balungwe , Elwany Samy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The use of endoscopic sinus surgery in the field of otorhinolaryngology is due to many reasons such as better visualization, the complex anatomy of the skull base and the relations between vital vascular and nervous elements, the crucial preoperative knowledge about the detailed anatomy of the area, and the computed tomography that is a useful tool for them to plan the safest route of surgery. The foramen rotundum (FR) is the inherent bony structure in the skull base located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone on the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located adjacent to the nasopharynx, and often invaded by nasopharyngeal cancer and other malignant brain tumors. The This study aims to give a detailed description of anatomical variations of FR, as well as its relationships with the surrounding vital structures, to instruct a preoperative planning for endoscopic surgery.

Methods
The distances between the foramen rotundum and fixed anatomical landmarks like the nasal floor and pterygoid process were measured in 200 foramen rotunda of 100 patients older than 18 years old and without known skull base pathology. The patients included in this study were demonstrated and evaluated separately using a multislice computed tomography (CT) technique with DICOM viewing software (Osirix or Horos).

Results
The average horizontal distance between the FR and vidian canal (VC) on each side, vertical distance between FR and VC on each side, direct distance between the FR and VC on each side, FR diameter, rotundum angles, FRs and nasal floor angles, and FR and optic nerve distances calculated has no significant difference. The P values were 0.471, 0.521, 0.072, 0.283, 0.952, 0.661, and 0.663, respectively. The gender comparison in the present study showed no significant distances on both the right and left sides. The P values 0.765, 0.879, 0.621, 0.297, 0.992, and 0.227 were direct, horizontal, and direct distances, respectively.

Conclusions
This study provides more light on the anatomy of the foramen rotundum with the other anatomical/surgical key structures used in endonasal surgeries such as the lateral pterygoid plate and vidian canal.
Describing and Modeling the Burden of Hospitalization of Patients With Neoplasms in Ghana Using Routine Health Data for 2012-2017
Authors: Narh Clement T. , Der Joyce B. , Ofosu Anthony , Blettner Maria , Wollschlaeger Daniel 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE The increasing cancer burden calls for reliable data on current and future associated hospitalizations to enable health care resource planning, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We provide nationwide estimates of the current and future burden of hospitalization because of neoplasms in Ghana. METHODS We conducted secondary data (2012-2017) analysis using nationwide routine administrative inpatient health data from the Ghana Health Service. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model spatial and temporal hospitalization trends stratified by sex and 5-year age group. In conjunction with official population projections, the model was used to predict future hospitalization up to 2032. RESULTS Out of 2,915,936 hospitalization records extracted for 6 years, 26,627 (1.0%) were for neoplasms, most of them benign (D10-D36, 15,362; 57.7%) and in female patients (20,159; 76%). In total, 9,463 (35.5%) patients with malignancies were mostly female (5,307; 56.1%), had a median age 50 years (interquartile range, 34-66 years) and a median duration of stay of 4 days (interquartile range, 2-8 days). Poisson regression for the malignant cancers revealed an annual increase in hospitalizations with a relative rate of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.27). The estimated hospitalization rate for malignancies of female patients was 1.5 times higher than that of male patients (relative rate, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.34), adjusted for age. We predicted an increase of 67.5% malignant cancer hospitalizations from the empirical years (2012-2017) into the prediction years (2022-2032) in Ghana. CONCLUSION In the absence of a national population-based cancer registry, this nationwide study used secondary health services data on hospitalizations as a proxy for neoplasm morbidity burden. Our results can support planning public health resources and building evidence-based advocacy campaigns for neoplasm-prevention efforts.
Integrated Multidisciplinary Brain Metastasis Care Reduces Patient Visits and Shortens Time to Adjuvant Irradiation
Authors: Moss Nelson S. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Brown Samantha , Chen Justin , Imber Brandon S. , Pike Luke , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , Brennan Cameron , Tabar Viviane , Beal Kathryn 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE: Timely surgical cavity stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important adjuvant to brain metastasis resection, with earlier treatment associated with less frequent recurrence. The logistical complexity of treatment organization, however, has resulted in suboptimal start times postsurgically. We implemented a process improvement approach to reduce the time from surgery to adjuvant irradiation of resected brain metastases. METHODS: A multidisciplinary working group used process mapping to identify opportunities to reduce visits and shorten treatment times. The care delivery process was modified to streamline perioperative SRS preparation with (1) early patient identification, (2) preoperative intrateam communication, and (3) consolidation of required steps. Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were used for process improvement. The surgery-to-SRS initiation time interval was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the number of associated patient encounters. RESULTS: After implementation, the median (interquartile range) interval from surgery to SRS was reduced 48% from 27 (21-34) to 14 days (13-17; P < .001). The rate of surgical cavity SRS within 30 days increased from 64% (n = 63 of 98) to 97% (n = 60 of 62; P < .001). The median (interquartile range) number of CNS-associated encounters between resection and SRS decreased from 5 (4-6) to 4 (3-5; P < .001). The proportion of patients who had > 1 magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography between surgery and SRS decreased from 45% (44 of 98) to 13% (8 of 62; P < .001). The time from surgery to systemic therapy resumption/initiation among patients treated within 90 days postoperatively decreased from 35 (24-48) to 32 days (23-40; P = .074). There were no wound complications in either group. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant SRS latency and treatment-associated encounters were significantly reduced after care-coordination implementation. This approach reduces patient and health care system burden and can be applied to other scenarios where early postoperative SRS administration is critical.