bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Experience for Hispanic Older Adults Varies by Language Preference
Authors: Weech-Maldonado Robert , Haviland Amelia M. , Hambarsoomian Katrin , Martino Steven C. , Dembosky Jacob W. , Tamayo Loida , Gaillot Sarah , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hispanic people with Medicare report worse patient experiences than non-Hispanic White counterparts. However, little research examines how these disparities may vary by language preference (English/Spanish).

Objectives:
Using Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey data, assess whether 2014–2018 disparities in patient experiences for Hispanic people with Medicare vary by language preference.

Research Design:
We fit a series of linear, case-mix adjusted models predicting Medicare CAHPS measures by race/ethnicity/language preference (Hispanic Spanish-respondents; Hispanic Spanish-preferring English-respondents; Hispanic English-preferring respondents; and non-Hispanic White English-respondents).

Subjects:
A total of 1,006,543 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White respondents to the Medicare 2014–2018 CAHPS surveys.

Results:
There were disparities for all Hispanic groups relative to non-Hispanic White English-respondents. Hispanic Spanish-preferring English-respondents reported worse experience than Hispanic Spanish-respondents for getting care quickly (−8 points), getting needed care (−5 points), doctor communication (−2 points), and customer service (−1 point), but better experiences for flu immunization (+2 points). Similarly, Hispanic Spanish-preferring English-respondents reported worse experience than Hispanic English-preferring respondents for getting care quickly (−4 points) and getting needed care (−2 points). Hispanic English-preferring respondents reported worse experience than Hispanic Spanish-respondents for getting care quickly (−4 points), getting needed care (−3 points), doctor communication and customer service (−2 points each), but better experience for flu immunization (+2 points).

Conclusions:
Regardless of language preference, Hispanic people with Medicare experience disparities in patient care relative to non-Hispanic White English-preferring counterparts. Hispanic Spanish-preferring English-respondents report the worse experiences, followed by Hispanic English-preferring respondents. Hispanic Spanish-respondents experienced the least disparities of the three Hispanic language subgroups.
Genetic predisposition to cancers in children and adolescents
Authors: Nakano Yoshiko , Rabinowicz Ron , Malkin David 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Childhood cancer is rare, but it remains the leading cause of disease-related mortality among children 1–14 years of age. As exposure to environmental factors is lower in children, inherited genetic factors become an important player in the cause of childhood cancer. This review highlights the current knowledge and approach for cancer predisposition syndromes in children.

Recent findings
Current literature suggests that 10–18% of paediatric cancer patients have an underlying genetic susceptibility to their disease. With better knowledge and technology, more genes and syndromes are being discovered, allowing tailored treatment and surveillance for the probands and their families.
Studies have demonstrated that focused surveillance can detect early malignancies and increase overall survival in several cancer predisposition syndromes. Various approaches have been proposed to refine early tumour detection strategies while minimizing the burden on patients and families. Newer therapeutic strategies are being investigated to treat, or even prevent, tumours in children with cancer predisposition.

Summary
This review summarizes the current knowledge about different cancer predisposition syndromes, focusing on the diagnosis, genetic counselling, surveillance and future directions.
Antispike monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Bhaimia Eric , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately causes severe outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). Antispike monoclonal antibodies have been authorized for therapy and prophylaxis for COVID-19. Here, we review the current state of antispike monoclonal antibodies and their role for SOTRs.

Recent findings
Bamlanivimab with or without etesevimab, casirivimab-imdevimab and sotrovimab have reduced the rates of hospitalization and severe disease in high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Multiple retrospective studies have also demonstrated monoclonal antibodies are effective in SOTR populations. However, the evolution of resistant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concerns has resulted in revocation of the authorization of bamlanivimab with or without etesevimab, and casirivimab-imdevimab as treatment and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Sotrovimab and bebtelovimab are currently authorized for treatment of the predominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron), but not as pre or PEP. Tixagevimab–cilgavimab, a long-acting antibody combination preparation, is authorized for preexposure prophylaxis in high-risk immunocompromised populations, including SOTRs, who are less likely to mount an effective immune response following vaccination series and booster.

Summary
Antispike monoclonal antibodies are useful for the prevention and treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in SOTRs. However, their clinical use should be determined by the evolving epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the community.
Ischemia-free organ transplantation − a review
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Luo Tao , Mo Runbing , Zhao Qiang , He Xiaoshun 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Organ transplantation is one of the miracles in medicine in the 20th century. However, in the current practice, all the donor organs suffer from ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which compromise transplant outcomes and limits organ availability. Continuous efforts have been made in organ machine perfusion to ameliorate IRI. In 2017, ischemia-free organ transplantation (IFOT) was first proposed with the aim of complete avoidance of IRI in organ transplantation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the latest progresses in IFOT.

Recent findings
The feasibility of IFOT has been validated in liver, kidney, and heart transplantation. The results of the first nonrandomized controlled study demonstrate that ischemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT) may improve transplant outcomes and increase organ availability. Furthermore, laboratory results, including the absence of the characteristic pathological changes, gene transcription and metabolic reprogramming, as well as sterile inflammation activation in IFLT grafts, suggest the virtual avoidance of graft IRI in IFLT.

Summary
IFOT might change the current practice by abrogating graft IRI. IFOT also provides a unique model to investigate the interaction between allograft IRI and rejection. The next steps will be to simplify the technique, make long-distance transportation possible and evaluate cost-effectiveness.
Abdominoplasty and Breast Augmentation with Outpatient Cosmetic Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flaps
Authors: Martinez Carlos A. , Boutros Sean G. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The authors describe the use of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps in outpatient cosmetic breast augmentation.

Methods:
The authors reviewed patients who had undergone cosmetic breast augmentation with DIEP flaps over a 12-month period. Any patient who desired breast augmentation, implant exchange, or augmentation mastopexy with concomitant abdominoplasty was considered a candidate for the procedure. All patients underwent an early recovery protocol including microfascial incisions to harvest the DIEP flaps and rib preservation in addition to early recovery after surgery protocols with intraoperative anesthetic blocks.

Results:
Eleven consecutive patients underwent bilateral cosmetic breast augmentation with DIEP flaps and mastopexy. Overall, all patients reported preoperative dissatisfaction with their abdomen and breasts. Microfascial incisions for single perforator abdominal flaps (n = 17) averaged 1.7 cm (range, 1.3 to 2.4 cm) and flaps with multiple perforators (n = 5) averaged 2.4 cm (range, 2 to 2.5 cm). Dissection of recipient internal mammary artery vessels was performed without disruption of the rib. No fascia or muscle tissue was taken during flap dissection. All patients had strong Doppler signals before discharge within 23 hours. No partial or total flap losses, major complications, or take-backs were reported.

Conclusions:
Patients who desire abdominoplasty and augmentation are ideal candidates for this procedure. Breast augmentation with autologous tissue, particularly the DIEP flap, is an attractive option inherent to the additional abdominal tissue available to harvest. The early recovery protocol allows the surgeon to perform microsurgical breast reconstructions and augmentations in an outpatient setting, with excellent results and no total or partial flap losses, offsetting the high costs associated with the DIEP flap.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Mendelian randomization study on the effect of tumor necrosis factor on schizophrenia
Authors: Ma Ning , Wang Renxi 
Published: November 2022

Objective
Previous observational studies have shown that the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increased in patients with schizophrenia. The present two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to identify the causal link between TNF and schizophrenia.

Methods
To date, the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for TNF (n = 23 141) and for schizophrenia (53 386 cases and 77 258 controls) was used. All participants were of European ancestry. The MR-egger_intercept test and Cochran’s Q statistic were used to determine the pleiotropy and heterogeneity, respectively. Weighted median and inverse variance weighted (IVW) were used to evaluate the causal association of TNF with schizophrenia.

Results
We found no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of all three selected plasma TNF genetic instrumental variants in breast cancer GWAS. Interestingly, the odds ratio (OR) = 1.517 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.006–2.288 and P = 0.047 of schizophrenia correspond to one unit increase in natural log-transformed TNF levels using IVW method. The increased trend was further proven using weighted median (OR = 1.585; 95% CI, 1.017–2.469; P = 0.042). Reverse MR analysis shows no causal effect of schizophrenia on plasma TNF levels.

Conclusions
Our analysis suggested a causal association between genetically increased TNF signaling and increased risk of schizophrenia in the European population. Thus, TNF may be a potential risk for schizophrenia.
Outcome Of Total Surgical Debridement Of Covid Associated Skull base Mucormycosis Based on a New Surgical Staging System: Evidence From A Cohort Study
Authors: Kurup Lekshmy R , Singh Harshita , Sharma Shilpee Bhatia , Dehgani-Mobaraki Puya , Zaidi Asiya Kamber , Janakiram Narayanan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeTo propose a surgical staging system with management protocol for post-covid Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) with central skull base osteomyelitis.MethodsA prospective cohort study of post-covid ROCM patients between May 2021 and January 2022. Patients were assessed radiologically and staged from I to V. Follow up period was 6 to 18 months and the surgical outcome was assessed.ResultsTotal of 193 patients (129 primary and 64 revision). Maxilla was found to be the epicenter of anterior disease (69.3%) and pterygoid wedge, the epicenter of posterior disease (85.6%). More than 65% of our patients, at the time of presentation, presented with ROCM with involvement of the central skull base. Intracranial disease was noted in 13.9% of patients and the mortality rate was 6.2 %.ConclusionThis staging system provides a systematic step-by-step protocol for the management of ROCM, with emphasis on meticulous disease clearance at the central skull base.
Destin2: integrative and cross-modality analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility data
Authors: Guan Peter Y. , Lee Jin Seok , Wang Lihao , Lin Kevin Z. , Mei Wenwen , Jiang Yuchao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose Destin2, a novel statistical and computational method for cross-modality dimension reduction, clustering, and trajectory reconstruction for single-cell ATAC-seq data. The framework integrates cellular-level epigenomic profiles from peak accessibility, motif deviation score, and pseudo-gene activity and learns a shared manifold using the multimodal input, followed by clustering and/or trajectory inference. We apply Destin2 to real scATAC-seq datasets with both discretized cell types and transient cell states and carry out benchmarking studies against existing methods based on unimodal analyses. Using cell-type labels transferred with high confidence from unmatched single-cell RNA sequencing data, we adopt four performance assessment metrics and demonstrate how Destin2 corroborates and improves upon existing methods. Using single-cell RNA and ATAC multiomic data, we further exemplify how Destin’s cross-modality integrative analyses preserve true cell-cell similarities using the matched cell pairs as ground truths. Destin2 is compiled as a freely available R package available athttps://github.com/yuchaojiang/Destin2.
Virtual Home Visits Reduce Asthma Burden in Low-Income, Black Communities amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bakshi Arundhati , Apantaku Elora , Marquette Tracy , Jacob Colette , Dumas S. Amanda , Friedman Kate , Aubin Kathleen , Soileau Shannon , Kemmerly Shaun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesPilot an asthma virtual home visits program, and evaluate its reach and ability to promote asthma self-management strategies in underserved communities.MethodsParticipants were continuously recruited into the 3-month-long program starting March 2021 and provided with materials related to asthma education. Participants reporting poorly-controlled asthma and home-based triggers were also offered three virtual home visits with a respiratory therapist. All participants were asked to complete a pre- and post-intervention knowledge test and Asthma Control Test (ACT), and a final survey assessing perceptions regarding asthma management and environmental trigger reduction.ResultsAs of October 2022, 147 participants were enrolled, and 52 had consented and received at least one virtual home visit. Approximately 77% of virtual visit recipients were children, 76% were non-Hispanic Black persons, and 90% were from ‘extremely low’ or ‘low’ income families. Asthma symptoms improved across the whole group, with a median increase of 2.39 points on the ACT score. Knowledge tests revealed that 86% of participants learned about at least one new asthma trigger, with a larger fraction of virtual visit recipients (68% vs. 36% non-recipients) showing an improved score post-intervention. About 75% of participants reported feeling more empowered to self-manage their asthma after participating in the program, and reported a significant improvement in their quality of life due to asthma.ConclusionsThe program successfully provided virtual asthma education to underserved, at-risk communities, and improved asthma outcomes for participants. Similar virtual models can be used to promote health equity, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare.Summary BoxWhat is the current understanding on this subject?Home-based interventions are known to be beneficial for improving asthma outcomes, especially among children; however, in-person visits have been a challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic.What does this report add to the literature?This report suggests that virtual, home-based models for asthma education are a viable alternative to in-person visits. As such, they can be an important tool for promoting health equity, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare.What are the implications for public health practice?Public health practitioners should be educated regarding the benefits of home-based asthma interventions, including virtual programs, as an adjuvant to standard clinical practices.
Reduced glymphatic function after traumatic brain injury measured using diffusion MRI
Authors: Butler Tracy , Zhou Liangdong , Ozhasin Ilker , Wang Xiuyuan Hugh , Garretti Jacob , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kai , Jamison Keith , de Leon Mony J. , Li Yi , Kuceyeski Amy , Shah Sudhin A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe glymphatic system is a perivascular fluid clearance system, most active during sleep, considered important for clearing the brain of waste products and toxins. Glymphatic failure is hypothesized to underlie brain protein deposition in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease. Preclinical evidence suggests that a functioning glymphatic system is also essential for recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI), which involves release of debris and toxic proteins that need to be cleared from the brain.We estimated glymphatic clearance using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along Perivascular Spaces (DTI-ALPS), an MRI-derived measure of water diffusivity surrounding veins, in 13 non-injured controls and 37 subjects with TBI (∼5 months post). We additionally measured plasma concentrations of Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of injury severity, in a subset of subjects.DTI-ALPS was significantly lower in TBI subjects compared to controls, after controlling for age, and significantly, negatively correlated with NfL.Glymphatic impairment after TBI could be due to mechanisms such as mis-localization of glymphatic water channels, inflammation, proteinopathy and/or sleep disruption. Additional work, including longitudinal studies, are needed to confirm results and assess glymphatic associations with outcome. Understanding post-TBI glymphatic functioning could inform novel therapies to improve short-term recovery and reduce later risk of neurodegeneration.
Impact ofAPOEgenotype on cognition in idiopathic and genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Koros Christos , Brockmann Kathrin , Simitsi Athina-Maria , Bougea Anastasia , Liu Hui , Hauser Ann-Kathrin , Schulte Claudia , Lerche Stefanie , Pachi Ioanna , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Antonelou Roubina , Zahou Athina , Wurster Isabel , Efthymiopoulou Efthymia , Beratis Ion , Maniati Matina , Moraitou Marina , Michelakakis Helen , Paraskevas Georgios , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Potagas Constantin , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Bozi Maria , Stamelou Maria , Gasser Thomas , Stefanis Leonidas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOEε4) genotype may be associated with the development of cognitive decline in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease i(PD), however its effect in genetic PD is understudied.ObjectivesIn the current work we aimed to assess the impact ofAPOEgenotype on cognition in iPD as well as in genetic PD with mutations in theAlpha-synuclein(SNCA) andGlycocerebrosidase(GBA1) genes.MethodsTwo independent PD cohorts were analyzed: The first cohort (Athens) included 50 iPD patients, 35 patients with the p.A53TSNCAmutation and 59 patients withGBA1mutations (13 mild /46 severe). The second cohort (Tübingen) included 292 patients withGBA1mutations (170 risk/ 52 mild/ 70 severe). All patients underwent cognitive testing and were genotyped forAPOE.ResultsIn the iPD subgroup, carriers of at least oneAPOEε4 exhibited lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA) score as compared to non-carriers (p=0.044). Notably, in the p.A53TSNCAsubgroup,APOEε4 carriers also had lower MoCA scores compared to non-carriers (p=0.039). There were noAPOEε4-related differences in the twoGBA1subgroups (Athens, p=0.729; Tübingen p=0.585).ConclusionsWe confirm the impact ofAPOEε4 on cognitive decline in iPD and for the first time report a similar effect in p.A53TSNCAmutation carriers, who represent the prototypical genetic synucleinopathy. Contrary, the lack of such an effect in two independent cohorts ofGBA1mutation carriers, who are thought to also manifest a predominant alpha-synuclein-driven cognitive decline, suggests differences in factors associated with cognitive dysfunction between different genetic forms of synucleinopathies.
Exploration of the gut microbiome in Thai patients with major depressive disorder uncovered a specific bacterial profile with depletion of theRuminococcusgenus as a putative biomarker
Authors: Maes Michael , Vasupanrajit Asara , Jirakran Ketsupar , Klomkliew Pavit , Chanchaem Prangwalai , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Payungporn Sunchai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaes et al. (2008) published the first paper demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by abnormalities in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as evidenced by elevated serum IgM/IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, such asMorganella morganiiandKlebsiella Pneumoniae. The latter aberrations, which point to increased gut permeability (leaky gut), are linked to activated neuro-immune and oxidative pathways in MDD. To delineate the profile and composition of the gut microbiome in Thai patients with MDD, we examined fecal samples of 32 MDD patients and 37 controls using 16S rDNA sequencing and analyzed α-(Chao and Shannon indices) and β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) and conducted Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Neither α-nor β-diversity differed significantly between MDD and controls.Rhodospirillaceae, Hungatella, Clostridium bolteae, Hungatella hathewayi, andClostridium propionicumwere significantly enriched in MDD, while Gracillibacteraceae family,Lutispora, and Ruminococcus genus, Ruminococcus callidus, Desulfovibrio piger, Coprococcus comes, andGemmiger, were enriched in controls. Contradictory results have been reported for all these taxa, with the exception ofRuminococcuswhich is depleted in 6 different MDD studies (one study showed increased abundance), many medical disorders that show comorbidities with MDD, and animal MDD models. Our results may suggest a specific profile of compositional gut dysbiosis in Thai MDD patients with increases in some pathobionts and depletion of some beneficial microbiota. The results suggest that depletion ofRuminococcusmay be a more universal biomarker of MDD that maybe contributes to increased enteral LPS load, LPS translocation, and gut-brain axis abnormalities.