bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employer impact on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among nursing and social care employees in Austria
Authors: Ruf Ann-Kathrin , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Eitenberger Magdalena , Gabriel Marcus , Klager Elisabeth , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Klomfar Sophie , Teufel Anna , Wochele-Thoma Thomas 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSince becoming available, vaccines against COVID-19 have been a focus of public debate. This is particularly relevant among healthcare and social workers, who interact with vulnerable patients and clients on a daily basis. With employers implementing educational programs and offering incentives to raise vaccine willingness among their staff, it is crucial to understand drivers of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy as well as the impact employers can play on vaccine decision-making.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study via computer-assisted telephone and web interviews. We recruited from a pool of employees from nursing and social care institutions in Vienna and Lower Austria operated by one healthcare NGO. Variables included in the analysis were socio-demographic attributes, reasons for or against the vaccine, sources of information, opinions of mandatory vaccination, and whether respondents had previously been infected with COVID-19 or knew someone who had.Results86.2% of respondents had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. 13.8% were unvaccinated. Vaccinated respondents' main reason for getting the vaccine was to protect themselves (79.6%) as well as others (74.1%), while non-vaccinated respondents cited a fear of short or long-term side effects (58.8 and 42.4%, respectively) as their primary reason for not getting vaccinated. 72.8% of the unvaccinated said no incentive would make them change their mind, while 17.4% specified abstract concepts or systemic change as effective incentives. Monetary incentives were not seen as a motivator. Unvaccinated respondents were significantly more worried about the future than vaccinated respondents (78.8 vs. 26.3%, p &lt; 0.001). They were also significantly more likely to view their employers' vaccine recommendations as “manipulative” (50.6 vs. 12.4%, p &lt; 0.001), while vaccinated respondents were significantly more likely to view them as “supportive” (68.0 vs. 25.9%, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWhile employers have the means to mediate public health decision-making by providing information, deciding to become vaccinated is a more complex process including public debate, world views, political influences, and the uptake of information. Employers can act as mediators for public health decision-making, moving policy measures beyond an individualized view of health choices and health literacy toward more structural, systemic, and community-based efforts.
Rural residents' willingness to participate in basic medical insurance and influential factors: A survey of three provinces in China
Authors: Tian Guomei , Xu Jinpeng , Zhang Ting , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Jian , Shi Qi , Deng Fangmin , Chen Fangting , He Jingran , Wu Qunhong , Kang Zheng , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRural residents' participation in medical insurance has a significant relationship to the affordability of their medical care. This study aims to investigate the willingness of rural residents to participate in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and its determinants so as to enhance their willingness to participate in medical insurance.MethodsData were obtained from 1,077 validated questionnaires from rural residents. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze determinants of rural residents' willingness to participate in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.Results94.3% of respondents were willing to participate in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and this was associated with the familiarity with the medical insurance policies [OR = 2.136, 95% CI (1.143, 3.989)], the reasonability of medical insurance premiums [OR = 2.326, 95% CI (0.998, 5.418)], the normality of doctors' treatment behavior [OR = 3.245, 95% CI (1.339, 7.867)] and the medical insurance's effectiveness in reducing the economic burden of disease [OR = 5.630, 95% CI (2.861, 11.079)].ConclusionEven though most respondents were willing to participate in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, some aspects need to be improved. The focus should be on promoting and regulating the behavior of medical staff. Financing policies and reimbursement of treatment costs need to be more scientifically developed. A comprehensive basic healthcare system needs to be optimized around the core function of “hedging financial risks”.
An approach to psychosocial health among middle-aged and older people by remote sharing of photos and videos from family members not living together: A feasibility study
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Sato Michi , Saito Tami 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAs an approach to the psychosocial health of people in later adulthood, information and communication technology (ICT) is attracting attention. However, because there is still a disparity issue in ICT use, particularly for older people, considering age-friendly digital interventions is important. We examined the feasibility of an intervention by an age-friendly digital service, remote sharing of photos/videos from families not living together, for psychosocial health in middle-aged and older people.MethodsThis single-arm study recruited Japanese adults aged ≥ 50 years from web-pages of the social service, Mago-Channel (Chikaku Inc., Japan). Participants used this service for 3 months to receive photos/videos from the smartphones of their families not living together on a device set up on their home TVs and watched them there. Families not living together were encouraged to send photos/videos at least once a week, but no other restrictions on their lives, including their interactions, were imposed. After 3 months, the level of user satisfaction and changes in psychosocial health were assessed.ResultsFinally, 115 participants were included, and 106 completed the intervention; the dropout rate from the intervention was low (7.8%), and satisfaction with the program was high, indicating high feasibility. While depressive symptoms and loneliness did not change markedly, satisfaction with the relationship of families living together increased significantly, and social interactions improved, including those with families not living together.ConclusionsHigh feasibility of this age-friendly digital intervention and its potential benefits on social relationships were shown, encouraging further trials with a confirmatory study design.
Analysis on alteration of road traffic casualties in western China from multi-department data in recent decade
Authors: Qiu Jinlong , Liu Guodong , Yang Ao , Li Kui , Zhao Hui , Qin Mingxin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRoad traffic safety has considerably improved in China. However, the changes may differ in the economically backward and altitude higher western region. This study aims to investigate changes in the occurrence and severity of traffic casualties in western China and illuminate several key causal factors.Materials and methodsTraffic accident data from the Annual Traffic Accident Statistics Report combined with population and vehicle data from the China Statistics Bureau between 2009 and 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Traffic accident numbers, fatalities, human injury (HI), case fatality rates (CFR), mortality per 100,000 population (MRP), and mortality per 10,000 vehicles (MRV) were compared between the western and eastern regions. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP between the four groups based on the altitude of cities, below 500 meters, 500 to 1,500 meters, 1,500 to 3,000 meters, and over 3,000 meters, were compared using one-way analysis of variance. One hundred and seventy-eight cases of extremely serious traffic accidents were further analyzed in terms of accident occurrence time, vehicle type, road grade, road shape, accident pattern, and accident reason. The differences of accident characteristics between the eastern and western regions were compared using the chi-square test.ResultsThe number of traffic accidents and fatalities decreased in low-altitude areas in western China. However, there was a significant increasing trend in the high altitude area. The HI, CFR, MRV, and MRP were higher in the western region than that in the eastern and national. Those accident indicators tended to increase with increasing altitude. And there were statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) among groups from different altitudes. Chi-square test results show that there are statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in term of road grade, road shape, accident pattern between eastern and western. Low-grade roads, combined curved and sloping roads, and rollover were significant features associated with traffic accidents in the western region. Bad roads were the main cause of rollover accidents in western China, which will lead to more serious casualties. Over speeding, overloading, bad weather, vehicle failure, and driver error were the top five accident causes.ConclusionTraffic accidents are increasing in high-altitude areas of western China, and they lead to more severe casualties. The characteristics of serious traffic accidents in this part of the country differ from those of the eastern regions. Improving road safety facilities, restrictions of speed, and improving medical treatment at accident scenes may be effective measures to reduce traffic accidents related injuries in the western region.
Gender dimensions of youth vulnerability toward access to cigarettes in South-East Asia: Evidence from global youth tobacco survey
Authors: Satpathy Nancy , Jena Pratap Kumar , Epari Venkatarao 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundYouths are lured to smoking to make them tobacco customers. Limiting access to tobacco products by youths is a proven strategy to reduce youth tobacco use. This study aimed to examine the burden of cigarette smoking and access to tobacco by youth in South-East Asia (SEA).MethodsThe burden along with the physical (methods of obtaining cigarettes), financial (cigarette affordability by pocket money), and illegal (sale to minors) access to cigarettes among school-going boys and girls were examined by analyzing the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data (2013–2016) from seven SEA member countries. Descriptive statistics using country-specific GYTS sample weight was used to estimate parameters with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe proportion of youths reporting cigarette smoking was highest in East Timor [boys: 55.57 % (51.93–59.21) and girls: 11.35% (9.12–13.59)] and lowest in Sri Lanka [boys: 2.96% (2.91–3.0) and girls: 0%]. Smoking prevalence was higher among boys than girls. Smoking among boys and girls was positively correlated (r = 0.849, p = 0.032). The most common method of obtaining cigarettes was “buying it from a store/kiosk/street hawker” and “other sources.” Except in Indonesia, financial access was limited for most youths. Financial access had a positive but negligible influence on cigarette smoking. Despite legal restrictions on sales to minors, students could obtain cigarettes from vendors.ConclusionContextual cigarette smoking and access to cigarettes by youths despite the legal ban and unaffordability is a concern. Country-specific socio-cultural-economic and legal dimensions need to be examined to limit cigarette use among youths.
Association between water source and chronic gastrointestinal diseases in Chinese: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Hehua , Xia Yang , Chang Qing , Zhang Xiangsu , Zhao Yuhong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundGastrointestinal health is closely associated with the quality of the water supply. However, long-term associations between the water supply type and chronic gastrointestinal disease (CGD) are unclear.MethodThe water supply was categorized as “tap-water” or “non-tap water” use. Changes in water source use were categorized into four types: “non-tap water both at baseline and in follow-ups,” “non-tap water at baseline and tap-water in follow-ups,” “tap-water at baseline and non-tap water in follow-ups,” or “tap-water at baseline and in follow-ups.” We explored the association between tap-water use (and changes therein) and the risk of CGD in a cross-sectional and longitudinal population study based on national cohort data from 2011 to 2018.ResultsAfter the inclusion and exclusion process, 13,332 and 9,688 participants were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Tap-water use was associated with fewer CGD cases at baseline (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.07). Tap-water use at baseline was associated with significantly lower incidence of CGD in follow-ups (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.90). Compared with consistent non-tap water use in both baseline and follow-ups, switching from non-tap water to tap-water use in follow-ups was associated with a lower risk of CGD (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.97), tap water use at both baseline and in follow-ups was associated with a lower risk of CGD (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.88). The decreased risk of CGD followed a linear trend (Pfortrend &lt; 0.01). Adjustment for indoor solid fuel use and outdoor air pollution exposure to PM2.5 did not change the association between tap water use and CGD.ConclusionTap water use was associated with a reduced risk of incident CGD. The results from this study should aid in effect assessment for water purification strategies and public decision support for gastrointestinal health management.
Analysis of intention and influencing factors on mobile information follow-up service in HIV/AIDS in a city in China
Authors: Li Chuancang , Wang Pengli , Zhang Mengge , Qu Mengbing , Cai Qian , Meng Jingjing , Fan Haohao , Sun Liang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the willingness of patients with HIV/AIDS in Henan province to accept mobile information follow-up, to find the key factors that affect behavioral willingness to accept such follow-up, to explore the internal mechanism of the mobile service, and to provide a theoretical rationale for the further promotion of mobile follow-up.MethodsThis study used the technology acceptance model (TAM) as its main theoretical tool, which adopted a stratified random sampling method, and investigated 284 patients with HIV/AIDS in area six of Sanmenxia City. An on-site questionnaire survey method was adopted for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for structural validity, with Cronbach's coefficient used for reliability. Data analysis mainly used SPSS23.0 and AMOS23.0 software.ResultsThe acceptance rate of the HIV/AIDS mobile follow-up service was 68.53%. In the study, product factors (PFs) were considered important in the indirect path of the TAM. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived innovativeness (PI) of the service were significant in improving mobile health (mHealth) acceptance among patients with HIV/AIDS in China. Subjective norms (SNs) also contributed to popularizing the service in the HIV/AIDS community. The model fitting was considered acceptable (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA = 0.074; goodness of fit index, GFI = 0.905; comparative fit index, CFI = 0.963, and Tucker-Lewis index, TLI = 0.593).ConclusionPFs and SNs exerted an important influence on the behavioral intentions of the patients with HIV/AIDS who accepted mobile health. PU was another important factor affecting behavioral intention. The practicality of mHealth services was crucial. Convenience and the innovativeness of the experience with the service will be conducive to the promotion and use of mHealth follow-up services.
Spatiotemporal change analysis for snowmelt over the Antarctic ice shelves using scatterometers
Authors: Luis Alvarinho J. , Alam Mahfooz , Jawak Shridhar D. 
Published: November 2022

Using Scatterometer-based backscatter data, the spatial and temporal melt dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves were tracked from 2000 to 2018. We constructed melt onset and duration maps for the whole Antarctic ice shelves using a pixel-based, adaptive threshold approach based on backscatter during the transition period between winter and summer. We explore the climatic influences on the spatial extent and timing of snowmelt using meteorological data from automatic weather stations and investigate the climatic controls on the spatial extent and timing of snowmelt. Melt extent usually starts in the latter week of November, peaks in the end of December/January, and vanishes in the first/second week of February on most ice shelves. On the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), the average melt was 70 days, with the melt onset on 20 November for almost 50% of the region. In comparison to the AP, the Eastern Antarctic experienced less melt, with melt lasting 40–50 days. For the Larsen-C, Shackleton, Amery, and Fimbul ice shelf, there was a substantial link between melt area and air temperature. A significant correlation is found between increased temperature advection and high melt area for the Amery, Shackleton, and Larsen-C ice shelves. The time series of total melt area showed a decreasing trend of −196 km2/yr which was statistical significant at 97% interval. The teleconnections discovered between melt area and the combined anomalies of Southern Annular Mode and Southern Oscillation Index point to the high southern latitudes being coupled to the global climate system. The most persistent and intensive melt occurred on the AP, West Ice Shelf, Shackleton Ice Shelf, and Amery Ice Shelf, which should be actively monitored for future stability.
Management of acutely injured cattle by on farm emergency slaughter: Survey of veterinarian views
Authors: McDermott Paul , McKevitt Aideen , Santos Flávia H. , Hanlon Alison 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFitness to transport is a key provision in animal welfare regulations in the European Union, and for the management of acutely injured cattle. Whilst treatment may be appropriate for some injuries, three common production outcomes for acutely injured cattle are; on farm emergency slaughter (OFES), casualty slaughter (CS) or euthanasia. The aims of this study were to evaluate the perceptions of veterinarians, working in Ireland, on the use of OFES for the management of acutely injured cattle and to evaluate the influence of capacity, willingness and opportunity on their ability to operate OFES.MethodologyTwo online surveys of veterinarians working in Ireland, Private Veterinary Practitioners (PVPs) and Official Veterinarians (OVs), were conducted through QualtricsXM over a 7-week period between April and June of 2021. Quantitative and qualitative questions were developed and analyzed using the tripartite framework of capacity, willingness, and opportunity to collect relevant data about the management of acutely injured cattle and the provision of OFES in Ireland by veterinarians.Results43 OVs and 85 PVPs participated in the survey. OVs regulated on average 4.2 abattoirs, of which 21.6% accepted OFES. Participants reported 343 and 377 OFES and CS, respectively, in 2020. 62.4% PVPs had not certified cattle for OFES, or CS. Limb fracture accounted for 79% OFES, 34.5% CS and 47.9% euthanized acutely injured cattle. 63.3% OVs and 44% PVPs were not aware of abattoirs providing OFES within 100 km of their workplace. Lack of availability of OFES negatively associated with PVP knowledge of the procedure. Regulations and guidelines were the most common source of information on OFES for PVPs.ConclusionIncreasing the availability of OFES may help to improve the management of acutely injured cattle, especially those with limb fractures that are unfit for transport.
CircRNA screening and ceRNA network construction for milk fat metabolism in dairy cows
Authors: Feng Xiaofang , Cai Zhengyun , Mu Tong , Yu Baojun , Wang Ying , Ma Ruoshuang , Liu Jiaming , Wang Chuanchuan , Zhang Juan , Gu Yaling 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMilk fat is one of the main reference elements for evaluating milk quality and is a primary objective trait in dairy cattle breeding. In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to play crucial roles in many biological processes. However, the function and expression profiles of circRNAs in milk fat synthesis in cows are not completely understood. We performed RNA sequencing to analyze the genome-wide expression of circRNA transcripts in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) from cows with extreme differences in milk fat percentage. We identified candidate differential circRNAs associated with milk fat metabolism using functional enrichment analysis and constructed a lipid metabolism-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interactive regulatory network.ResultsA total of 290 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE-circRNAs) in high milk fat percentage (HMF) cows compared to that in low milk fat percentage (LMF) cows. Of the 290 circRNAs, 142 were significantly upregulated and 148 were significantly downregulated. Enrichment analysis (Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) identified four DE-circRNAs (circ_0001122, circ_0007367, circ_0018269, and circ_0015179) that potentially regulate milk fat metabolism. Among them, circ_0001122, circ_0007367, and circ_0015179 had relatively high expression levels in cow mammary gland tissue compared to other tissues (heart, liver, kidney, uterus, ovaries, and small intestine) of cows. The regulatory networks circ_0001122:miR-12043:LIPG, circ_0007367:miR-331-3p:CIDEA/PML, and circ_0018269:miR-11989:RORC/HPX are potential networks to explore the mechanism of milk fat regulation.ConclusionsThese results reveal the possible role of circRNAs in milk fat metabolism in dairy cows. Several important circRNAs and ceRNAs affecting milk fat synthesis were identified, providing insights into the complex biology of milk fat synthesis as well as a novel theoretical perspective for future research on lactation, milk quality, and breed improvement in dairy cows.
Predicting Low Cognitive Ability at Age 5—Feature Selection Using Machine Learning Methods and Birth Cohort Data
Authors: Bowe Andrea K. , Lightbody Gordon , Staines Anthony , Kiely Mairead E. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Murray Deirdre M. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: In this study, we applied the random forest (RF) algorithm to birth-cohort data to train a model to predict low cognitive ability at 5 years of age and to identify the important predictive features.Methods: Data was from 1,070 participants in the Irish population-based BASELINE cohort. A RF model was trained to predict an intelligence quotient (IQ) score ≤90 at age 5 years using maternal, infant, and sociodemographic features. Feature importance was examined and internal validation performed using 10-fold cross validation repeated 5 times. Results The five most important predictive features were the total years of maternal schooling, infant Apgar score at 1 min, socioeconomic index, maternal BMI, and alcohol consumption in the first trimester. On internal validation a parsimonious RF model based on 11 features showed excellent predictive ability, correctly classifying 95% of participants. This provides a foundation suitable for external validation in an unseen cohort.Conclusion: Machine learning approaches to large existing datasets can provide accurate feature selection to improve risk prediction. Further validation of this model is required in cohorts representative of the general population.