bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the ampacity of underground cable lines by optimising the thermal environment and design parameters for cable crossings
Authors: Perović Bojan , Klimenta Dardan , Tasić Dragan , Raičević Nebojša , Milovanović Miloš , Tomović Milan , Vukašinović Jovan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problem of optimising the thermal environment and design parameters of underground cable lines for cable crossings with the aim of increasing the ampacities of cables is considered in this paper. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, formulated as a continuous non‐linear optimisation problem with constraints, for solving this hot spot problem is applied. It is found, using the PSO algorithm, that there are a suitable size of cable bedding and an arrangement of cables within that bedding, which can eliminate or significantly mitigate the hot spot effect without the use of any additional cooling equipment. In this manner, the ampacities of both crossing cable lines increase by about 15% on average with respect to the case of a similar crossing with installation parameters commonly used. In addition, it is shown how the cross‐sectional areas of the conductors and metal screens and the metal screen bonding methods affect the optimal solution.
Dual integration of multi‐model with spatial‐temporal occlusion‐awareness for visual object tracking
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Guixi , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVisual object tracking is a complicated problem due to varied challenges such as occlusion, background clutter, target appearance changes, abrupt target motion, and illumination variations. Different tracking algorithms perform well on different challenges because of their unique strengths. In this paper, a dual‐integration framework that integrates the strengths of multiple models while avoiding their weaknesses is proposed. In the proposed framework, several evaluation criteria and multiple models updated via different processes are combined. To distinguish the target from the distractors caused by different criteria, the motion dynamic model and the forward‐backward analysis is introduced to provide information that is complementary to appearance information. In addition, for discriminating occlusion, a spatial‐temporal occlusion‐aware approach is further proposed. The detected occlusion results are applied in avoiding contamination of the appearance model. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that this proposed method improves the overlap rate of a hand‐crafted feature‐based tracker with relative gains of 4%, 1.6%, 1.9%, 2.2% and 8.5% on OTB‐2015, OTB‐2013, Temple‐Color, UAV123 and UAV20L, respectively. Also, the experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms a deep feature‐based tracker in overlap rate by 1.4%, 1.6%, 2.3%, 2.5% and 3.5% on OTB‐2015, OTB‐2013, Temple‐Color, UAV123 and UAV20L, respectively.
Fabrication of sodium dinitrophenol derived carbon dots and its effect on seed germination of cotton
Authors: Han Shuai , Wang Jiang , Ren Yicheng , Yang Baoxin , Liu Xiaoyu , Yang Jiajia , Liu Lijuan , Meng Ke , Shan Wenrong , Qin Shenjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSodium dinitrophenol, which was a cheap and common plant growth regulator, was used to fabricate novel carbon dots by a simple and green hydrothermal treatment. The sodium dinitrophenol derived CDs (SCDs) obtained were found to possess good water solubility, excellent stability, and unique fluorescence properties. Furthermore, the effect of SCDs on the seed germination of cotton was explored in dark environment. Interestingly, the SCDs could promote seed germination obviously and the optimum concentration was tested to be 0.02 mg/mL. By the analysis of the contents of free water and bound water for the sprouts, it was assumed that the phenomenon might be attributed to the enhancement of the respiration and metabolism by the addition of SCDs, which helped to relieve seed dormancy and promote germination. This work supplied a novel nanomaterials for seed treatment, which could enhance the respiration during germination and showed considerable prospect in biological technology and farming production.
An ultra‐low‐loss superconducting inductor for power electronic circuits
Authors: Chen Xiaoyuan , Gou Huayu , Chen Yu , Zeng Lei , Zhang Mingshun , Jiang Shan , Xie Qi , Shen Boyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo break through the bottlenecks of the loss and size of conventional conductors and magnetic materials, replacing copper inductors by zero‐resistance superconducting inductors can be a promising solution. The experimental, theoretical and numerical investigations into the loss characteristics of an air‐core superconducting inductor have been carried out. All these results show that the loss from a superconducting inductor in the boost chopper circuit was reduced remarkably up to 373 times smaller than the loss from the magnetic‐core copper inductor having the same conditions. Moreover, the actual volume and weight of the superconducting inductor are only 5.61% and 10.97% of those of the copper inductor having the same inductance and current capacities. Advanced numerical models have been built to verify the experiments that their results of superconducting losses as well as the current and frequency dependencies are well matched. A compact, low‐loss and low‐cost cryostat has been designed to accommodate the superconducting inductor, which can further improve the practicability for superconducting inductor to be equipped into various power electronic applications. The superconducting inductor can lead power electronic devices towards ultra‐high‐efficiency power conversion.
Flux-tube-dependent propagation of Alfvén waves in the solar corona
Authors: Sishtla Chaitanya Prasad , Pomoell Jens , Kilpua Emilia , Good Simon , Daei Farhad , Palmroth Minna 
Published: March 2022

Context. Alfvén-wave turbulence has emerged as an important heating mechanism to accelerate the solar wind. The generation of this turbulent heating is dependent on the presence and subsequent interaction of counter-propagating Alfvén waves. This requires us to understand the propagation and evolution of Alfvén waves in the solar wind in order to develop an understanding of the relationship between turbulent heating and solar-wind parameters.
Aims. We aim to study the response of the solar wind upon injecting monochromatic single-frequency Alfvén waves at the base of the corona for various magnetic flux-tube geometries.
Methods. We used an ideal magnetohydrodynamic model using an adiabatic equation of state. An Alfvén pump wave was injected into the quiet solar wind by perturbing the transverse magnetic field and velocity components.
Results. Alfvén waves were found to be reflected due to the development of the parametric decay instability (PDI). Further investigation revealed that the PDI was suppressed both by efficient reflections at low frequencies as well as magnetic flux-tube geometries.
Operative Therapie des malignen Melanoms
Authors: Mechlin Axel 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie operative Therapie ist maßgeblich im Behandlungskonzept des malignen Melanoms. Sie ist essentieller Bestandteil der Diagnosesicherung, des Stagings und der Therapie in allen Stadien der Erkrankung. Die optimale Planung und Durchführung der Primärexzision, der Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie und der Nachexzision mit Sicherheitsabstand legen den Grundstein einer erfolgreichen Behandlung, die neben oder auch in Kombination mit einer modernen Systemtherapie die Metastasen-Chirurgie miteinschließt.
Die Auswirkungen der Krankenhauskonzentration auf die Verweildauer
und stationäre Sterblichkeit in Deutschland
Authors: Valentowitsch Johann , Burr Wolfgang 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Im Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen der
Krankenhauskonzentration auf die durchschnittliche Verweildauer und die
stationäre Sterblichkeit in Deutschland im Zeitablauf untersucht.
Methodik Auf regionalen Paneldaten basierende Regressionsanalyse unter
Berücksichtigung der (unbeobachteten) individuellen
Heterogenität und des Trends in der Modellierung. Um Hinweise auf die
Beziehungsrichtung zu erhalten, wird außerdem der
Instrumentalvariablenansatz angewandt und auf Granger-Kausalität
getestet.
Ergebnisse Die zunehmende Krankenhauskonzentration in Deutschland ist mit
einem negativen und statistisch signifikanten Effekt auf die durchschnittliche
Verweildauer verbunden. Je höher die Konzentration der
Krankenhäuser in einer Region, desto geringer ist (ceteris paribus) die
Verweildauer auf den Stationen. Die Anzahl der Krankenhäuser hat
zugleich keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die
Patientensterblichkeit. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Krankenhauskonzentration und
Verweildauer lässt sich somit als positiver Qualitätseffekt
interpretieren.
Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chowdhury Krishna Roy , Michaud Jonathan , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Yin Hui , Azoulay Laurent , Renoux Christel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus rivaroxaban among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods and Results Using the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics repository, and the Office for National Statistics database, we identified a cohort of patients with NVAF and T2DM newly treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban between 2013 and 2020. Propensity scores with standardized mortality ratio weighting were used to control for confounding. We used weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate separately the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and major adverse limb events associated with the use of apixaban compared with rivaroxaban. We also evaluated whether the risk was modified by age, sex, duration of diabetes, microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, nephropathy, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, and by dose (standard vs. low dose).
Results The cohort included 11,561 apixaban and 8,265 rivaroxaban users. Apixaban was associated with a similar risk of stroke (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.79–1.23), and a 32% reduced risk of major bleeding (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.59–0.78), compared with rivaroxaban. The risk of major adverse limb events was similar between apixaban and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.54–1.04). Overall, the risk of ischemic stroke and major bleeding was consistent in stratified analyses.
Conclusion Among patients with NVAF and T2DM, apixaban was associated with a similar risk of stroke and a lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban.
Magnetostriction and heat-capacity study on the metamagnetic phase transition of Dy2In1-xAlx alloys
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Liu Pu , Chen Jiamin , Cui Weibin 
Published: March 2022

In Dy2In1-xAlx (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) alloys, the hexagonal structure is gradually transformed into orthorhombic one with x = 0.3 as the critical composition. In Dy2In0.7Al0.3 alloy, the highest magnetic entropy change is accompanied with highest saturation magnetostriction ∼995 ppm under 7 T near phase transition temperature, indicating the typical strong magnetoelastic coupling. From heat-capacity (Cp) measurement, a sharp peak is observed on the Cp - T curves for Dy2In1-xAlx (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.3) alloys. Meanwhile, more Al substitution for In leads into the reduced density of state near Fermi level of each alloy judged from Cp/T - T2 curves. The maximized ΔTad for a field of 7 T is slightly increased from 6.5 K in Dy2In to 7 K in Dy2In0.7Al0.3.
Substitution effects on the magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effects in nanolaminated AlFe2B2 alloys
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Liu Pu , Chen Jiamin , Cui Weibin 
Published: March 2022

Substitution effects of V, Ti and C in AlFe2−xVxB2 (x ≤ 0.15), AlFe2−yTiyB2 (y ≤ 0.15) and AlFe2B2−zCz (z ≤ 0.2) alloys have been investigated. The main phase of these alloys is crystallized in the orthorhombic Cmmm-type structure. The Curie temperature (Tc) of these compounds can be tuned from 278 K to be around 300 K depending on the substitution amount. No thermal and magnetic hysteresis can be observed, suggesting the magnetic transition of these alloys is the second-order nature. For a field change of 7 T, the maximum of entropy change (−ΔSmax) of 4.0 J Kg−1 K−1, 4.2 J Kg−1 K−1 and 3.9 J Kg−1 K−1 has obtained in AlFe1.9V0.1B2, AlFe1.9Ti0.1B2 and AlFe2B1.9C0.1 alloys. Tunable Tc and wide temperature span in AlFe2B2 phase suggest that AlFe2B2-base alloys have a potential application as a refrigerant in magnetic refrigeration.
Optimal sheep stocking rates for broad-acre farm businesses in Western Australia: a review
Authors: Young Michael , Vercoe Philip E. , Kingwell Ross S. 
Published: March 2022

Sheep stocking rate influences farm profit significantly; however determining the optimal stocking rate is a difficult task. In this paper, we address this challenge through three main steps. First, we review the definition of stocking rate; second, we examine prior research relevant to the review topic and highlight the factors that need to be considered when determining the optimal stocking rate; and third, we make recommendations for improvements in research on establishing the optimal sheep stocking rate. Inconsistency in the definition of stocking rate can lead to miscommunication among researchers, advisers and farmers. If 10 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha is optimal for one flock, it may not be optimal for another flock because the DSE measure does not fully capture the nuances of different patterns of nutritional requirements among sheep classes and feed availabilities and their respective prices and costs. The optimal stocking rate occurs when the marginal economic benefit of an additional animal equals its marginal cost. Determining this point requires an understanding of the quantity and quality of feed available throughout the year, the optimal liveweight profile throughout the year, the impact of seasonal variation, the impact of labour availability, the cost of alternative feeds, prices of livestock and livestock products, the risk preferences of the farmer, and any emission policies relating to greenhouse gases. Farmers tend to use their own judgement to set their stocking rates, with the aim of maximising utility. However, the complexities listed make it a challenging task. Thus, researchers have used various simulation and programming models to aid decision-making over optimal stocking rates, but most farmers continue to rely on their own personal judgement. Moreover, often a focus of this modelling is for sheep systems in eastern Australia. Generalising this research across Australia is difficult due to differences in climatic conditions and markets across Australia. Often farmers are unaware of the profits they are foregoing when choosing either an overly conservative or excessive stocking rate. Our research has shown that foregone income of up to AUD50 per hectare can occur when a stocking rate 30% below or above the optimum is selected. Thus, despite the complexities that underpin the stocking rate decision, we believe that there are potential rewards from further research on the optimisation of stocking rates.
Factors associated with group sex in heterosexual males and females attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Constantinou Heidi , Fairley Christopher K. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Choi Edmond P. H. , Maddaford Kate , Phillips Tiffany R. , Chow Eric P. F. 
Published: March 2022

Background There have been limited studies of group sex among heterosexual individuals. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with group sex among heterosexual males and females to improve risk assessment guidelines and inform sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening requirements. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among heterosexual males and females aged ≥16 years attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between March and April 2019. The survey asked about group sex participation, methods used to meet sexual partners, number of casual and/or regular partners, and injection drug use (IDU) in the previous 3 months. HIV and STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis) diagnoses were extracted. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with group sex participation. Results A total of 698 participants (325 males, 373 females) were included and 4.7% (33/698) had participated in group sex in the previous 3 months. The proportion who participated in group sex increased with age (2.1% in 16–24 years, 5.5% in 25–34 years, 7.8% in ≥35 years, ptrend = 0.010). Meeting partners at sex venues (e.g. brothels) was associated with the highest odds of participating in group sex (aOR = 5.74, 95% CI: 1.20–27.44), followed by dating apps (aOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.36–6.58), friends/family (aOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.34–6.69) and social venues (e.g. bar) (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.18–6.30). Group sex was strongly associated with STI positivity (aOR = 6.24, 95% CI: 2.41–16.13). There was no association between group sex and sex, casual and/or regular partners, HIV positivity or IDU. Conclusion Heterosexual individuals participating in group sex had a six-fold risk of testing positive for STIs. Including group sex in a sexual history is useful to determine STI risk and inform testing practices. Safe sex messages on group sex that are delivered through multiple methods (e.g. at sex venues, social venues and dating apps simultaneously) would be beneficial.
Replication is the key barrier during the dual-host adaptation of mosquito-borne flaviviruses
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Liang Dening , Yuan Fei , Yan Yiran , Wang Zuoshu , Liu Pan , Yu Qi , Zhang Xing , Wang Xiangxi , Zheng Aihua 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Most viruses have a relatively narrow host range. In contrast, vector-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and Zika virus, maintain their transmission cycle between arthropods and vertebrates, belonging to different phyla. How do these viruses adapt to the distinct cellular environments of two phyla? By comparing the single-host insect--specific flavivirus and dual-host Zika virus, we identified three key molecular factors that determine MBF host tropism. This study will greatly increase the understanding of entry, replication, and cross-species evolution of mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy patient iPSC-derived oligodendrocytes exhibit alpha-synuclein–induced changes in maturation and immune reactive properties
Authors: Azevedo Carla , Teku Gabriel , Pomeshchik Yuriy , Reyes Juan F. , Chumarina Margarita , Russ Kaspar , Savchenko Ekaterina , Hammarberg Anna , Lamas Nuno Jorge , Collin Anna , Gouras Gunnar K. , Klementieva Oxana , Hallbeck Martin , Taipa Ricardo , Vihinen Mauno , Roybon Laurent 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Our results demonstrate the existence of early cellular pathways and network alterations in oligodendrocytes in the alpha-synucleinopathies Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. They further reveal the involvement of an immune component triggered by alpha-synuclein protein, as well as a connection between (epi)genetic changes and immune reactivity in multiple system atrophy. The knowledge generated in this study could be used to devise novel therapeutic approaches to treat synucleinopathies.
Interleukin-2 superkines by computational design
Authors: Ren Junming , Chu Alexander E. , Jude Kevin M. , Picton Lora K. , Kare Aris J. , Su Leon , Montano Romero Alejandra , Huang Po-Ssu , Garcia K. Christopher 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceWhile computational engineering of therapeutic proteins is a desirable goal, in practice the optimization of protein–protein interactions requires substantial experimental intervention. We present here a computational approach that focuses on stabilizing core protein structures rather than engineering the protein–protein interface. Using this approach, we designed thermostabilized interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants that bind tightly to their receptor without experimental optimization, mimicking the properties of the yeast-display engineered IL-2 variant “super-2.” Our results suggest that structure-guided stabilization may be a general method for in silico affinity maturation of protein–protein interactions.
Dynamic circular birefringence response with fractured geometric phase metasurface systems
Authors: Wang Evan W. , Phan Thaibao , Yu Shang-Jie , Dhuey Scott , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Optical activity is a fundamental property of symmetry-broken three-dimensional systems and enables control of the polarization state of electromagnetic waves. This work introduces a type of reconfigurable geometric phase response in which shearing displacements between two Pancharatnam–Berry-phase metasurfaces transduce chiral symmetry breaking within nanoscale waveguide structures. These metasurface systems, termed fractured metasurface waveplates, can be tailored to support dynamically tunable, broadband circular birefringence responses. Polarization modulation is based on microscopic motions and uniquely enables high-speed modulation over large area apertures. Our system paves the way for new classes of nanophotonic devices that feature systems-level symmetry breaking for controlling electromagnetic waves, which is relevant for sensing, imaging, and quantum-control applications.
Finger stability in precision grips
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Venkadesan Madhusudhan 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Hand skills rely on the precision grip to hold objects with the fingertips. In rare instances, our finger’s joints undergo a form of buckling when we push with the fingertip and snap into hyperextension. Suppressing this instability is crucial for hand use, but how the nervous system avoids buckling is unknown. We studied people applying forces with the tip of their index fingers and found that the nervous system relies on the spring-like action of muscles for stability. The muscles cocontract to stabilize the joints but reduce the strength and compliance of our fingers. Thus, the motor skill of precision grip arises from the careful control of muscle cocontraction to balance the trade-off between finger stability, strength, and flexibility.
Crimean Gothicsada‘hundred’,hazer‘thousand’
Authors: Kim Ronald I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Crimean Gothic numeralssada‘hundred’ andhazer‘thousand’ are not of Persian origin, as long assumed in reference works, but loanwords from Alanic or another of the closely related Iranian languages spoken to the north of the Black Sea from the mid-1st millennium BC onwards. With its final vowel,sadareflects Alanic *sade(cf. Osseticsædæ), whereashazercan be from Alanic *hazaror *haz(a)re(cf. Osseticærzæ‘countless number, myriad’). The borrowing could have occurred anytime from the 3rd century onwards, with a date in the late 4th century most likely.