bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing nursery diets for post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass: Growth performance, body composition, and feed utilization on open‐formulated and commercial starter diets
Authors: Alam Md Shah , Watanabe Wade O. , Carroll Patrick M. , Gabel Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to optimize nursery diets for post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass by evaluating growth performance, whole‐body proximate and fatty acid composition, and utilization of University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)‐formulated and commercial diets under laboratory conditions. A feeding trial was conducted to compare two UNCW‐formulated diets (D1 and D2) for black sea bass (54% crude protein = CP and 14% crude lipid = CL) and two premium, commercial marine finfish fry diets, Otohime (Reed Mariculture Inc., Campbell, CA, CP = 48% and CL = 14%, CD3) and Gemma Diamond (Skretting, Nutreco, Canada, CP = 57%, CL = 15%, CD4). The UNCW‐formulated diet 1 (D1) contained high fish meal (FM, 40% of diet), whereas UNCW‐formulated diet 2 (D2) replaced 50% FM protein by high‐quality poultry by‐product meal (PBM) protein. Post‐metamorphic stage black sea bass (~0.60 g, d40ph) were stocked in each of sixteen 75‐L tanks at a density of 1 fish per L (75 per tank), with four replicate aquaria per treatment. Fish were fed four times per day (0800, 1100, 1400, and 1600 h) to apparent satiation for 30 days. Final body weight (5.70–5.74), specific growth rate (7.40–7.45%/d), and percent body weight gain (834–848%) of fish fed the UNCW‐formulated D1 (FM‐based) and D2 (FM + PBM‐based) were higher (p < .05) than in fish fed the commercial diets CD3 and CD4 (4.66–5.21 g, 6.80–7.15%/d, and 668–756%, respectively). Feed intake (% body weight/d was significantly lower for fish fed commercial diet (CD4) (3.94) compared with fish fed CD3 (4.20), but feed intake for CD3 was not significantly different compared with the UNCW‐formulated diets D1 and D2 (4.10–4.12). Feed conversion ratios (0.76–0.82) were significantly higher for fish fed CD3 (0.82) than for fish fed D1 and CD4 (0.76). Survival was high (99–100%) in all diet treatments. Final whole‐body crude protein content (15.2 to 15.9% wet basis), moisture (68.9–69.6%), and ash (4.31–4.77%) showed no significant differences; however, whole‐body crude lipid was lower in fish fed CD3 (9.67%) than in fish fed the other diets (9.96–10.22%). Final whole‐body fatty acid composition reflected the diet composition. Higher feed consumption and growth of fish fed the UNCW‐formulated diets were attributed to a more optimal combination of marine (fish, squid, and krill meals), terrestrial plant (soybean meal) protein sources, and the addition of chemo‐attractants, which provided both higher nutritional quality and palatability. The study suggests that the species‐specific starter diets may improve growth performance and fingerling quality and may therefore lower production costs under intensive nursery conditions.
Predictive metabolomics of multiple Atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience
Authors: Dussarrat Thomas , Prigent Sylvain , Latorre Claudio , Bernillon Stéphane , Flandin Amélie , Díaz Francisca P. , Cassan Cédric , Van Delft Pierre , Jacob Daniel , Varala Kranthi , Joubes Jérôme , Gibon Yves , Rolin Dominique , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Pétriacq Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Current crop yield of the best ideotypes is stagnating and threatened by climate change. In this scenario, understanding wild plant adaptations in extreme ecosystems offers an opportunity to learn about new mechanisms for resilience. Previous studies have shown species specificity for metabolites involved in plant adaptation to harsh environments.

Here, we combined multispecies ecological metabolomics and machine learning‐based generalized linear model predictions to link the metabolome to the plant environment in a set of 24 species belonging to 14 families growing along an altitudinal gradient in the Atacama Desert.

Thirty‐nine common compounds predicted the plant environment with 79% accuracy, thus establishing the plant metabolome as an excellent integrative predictor of environmental fluctuations. These metabolites were independent of the species and validated both statistically and biologically using an independent dataset from a different sampling year. Thereafter, using multiblock predictive regressions, metabolites were linked to climatic and edaphic stressors such as freezing temperature, water deficit and high solar irradiance.

These findings indicate that plants from different evolutionary trajectories use a generic metabolic toolkit to face extreme environments. These core metabolites, also present in agronomic species, provide a unique metabolic goldmine for improving crop performances under abiotic pressure.
On the hybrid origin of the C2Salsola divaricata agg. (Amaranthaceae) from C3 and C4 parental lineages
Authors: Tefarikis Delphine T. , Morales‐Briones Diego F. , Yang Ya , Edwards Gerald , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: March 2022

Summary

C2 photosynthesis is characterised using recapturing photorespiratory CO2 by RuBisCo in Kranz‐like cells and is therefore physiologically intermediate between C3 and C4 photosynthesis. C2 can be interpreted as an evolutionary precursor of C4 and/or as the result of hybridisation between a C3 and C4 lineage.

We compared the expression of photosynthetic traits among populations of the Salsola divaricata agg. (C2) from humid subtropical to arid habitats on the coasts of the Canary Islands and Morocco and subjected them to salt and drought treatments. We screened for enhanced C4‐like expression of traits related to habitat or treatment. We estimated species trees with a transcriptome dataset of Salsoleae and explored patterns of gene tree discordance. With phylogenetic networks and hybridisation analyses we tested for the hybrid origin of the Salsola divaricata agg.

We observed distinct independent variation of photosynthetic traits within and among populations and no clear evidence for selection towards C4‐like trait expression in more stressful habitats or treatments. We found reticulation and gene tree incongruence in Salsoleae supporting a putative hybrid origin of the Salsola divaricata agg.

C2 photosynthesis in the Salsola divaricata agg. combines traits inherited from its C3 and C4 parental lineages and seems evolutionarily stable, possibly well adapted to a wide climatic amplitude.
Effect of Substituents on the Photodynamic Action of Anthraquinones: EPR, Computational and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Sokkar Pandian , Babu Anish , Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan , Daison Felsis Angelene , Ramachandran Murugesan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAnthraquinone class of compounds possesses a broad spectrum of therapeutic applications. Cancer cell targeting ability, together with photogeneration of reactive oxygen species, renders anthraquinones an interesting class of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Screening of newer compounds for better singlet oxygen generation is of current interest to improve the practical usability in PDT. In this study, we investigate the photodynamic activity of nine commercially available anthraquinones, using EPR spectroscopy and computational techniques, to identify the role of substituents on singlet oxygen yield. Three anthraquinone derivatives, 1,5‐diaminoanthraquinone, 15‐dihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,2,7‐trihydroxyanthraquinone, showed highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (0.21, 0.18 and 0.15, respectively) relative to Rose Bengal. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations indicate the singlet oxygen quantum yield of anthraquinones inversely correlate well with the excited singlet–triplet (S1‐T1) energy gap. Electron‐donating substituents present at positions 1, 2 and 5 of anthraquinone seem to reduce the S1‐T1 energy gap, facilitating inter‐system crossing and the production of singlet oxygen. This would greatly aid in the design of newer anthraquinone‐based photosensitizers. This study also highlights the suitability of 1,5‐diaminoanthraquinone for PDT applications as demonstrated by in vitro experiments of photoinduced DNA cleavage and photocytotoxicity in Dalton’s lymphoma ascites.
Pervasive fungicide resistance in Botrytis from strawberry in Norway: Identification of the grey mould pathogen and mutations
Authors: Nielsen Katherine A. G. , Skårn Magne N. , Strømeng Gunn Mari , Brurberg May Bente , Stensvand Arne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControl of grey mould, caused by Botrytis spp., is a major challenge in open field strawberry production. Botrytis was isolated from plant parts collected from 19 perennial strawberry fields with suspected fungicide resistance in the Agder region of Norway in 2016. Resistance to boscalid, pyraclostrobin and fenhexamid was high and found in 89.1%, 86.0% and 65.4% of conidia samples, respectively. Multiple fungicide resistance was common; 69.6% of conidia samples exhibited resistance to three or more fungicides. Botrytis group S and B. cinerea sensu stricto isolates were obtained from 19 and 16 fields, respectively. The sdhB, cytb, erg27 and mrr1 genes of a selection of isolates were examined for the presence of mutations known to confer fungicide resistance to boscalid, pyraclostrobin, fenhexamid and pyrimethanil plus fludioxonil, respectively. Allele‐specific PCR assays were developed for efficient detection of resistance‐conferring mutations in cytb. Among B. cinerea isolates, 84.7%, 86.3% and 61.3% had resistance‐conferring mutations in sdhB, cytb and erg27, respectively. A triplet deletion in mrr1, resulting in ΔL497, commonly associated with the multidrug resistance phenotype MDR1h, was detected in 29.2% of Botrytis group S isolates. High frequencies of resistance to several fungicides were also detected in Botrytis from both imported and domestically produced strawberry transplants. Fungicide resistance frequencies were not different among fields grouped by level of grey mould problem assessed by growers, indicating factors other than fungicide resistance contributed to control failure, a fact that has important implications for future management of grey mould.
Another brick in the wall. Immigration and electoral preferences: Direct evidence from state ballots
Authors: Bargain Olivier , Stephane Victor , Valette Jérôme 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of immigration on electoral outcomes at the census tract level in California between 2010 and 2018. Information on actual ballot propositions is used to investigate immigrant‐related motives underlying a shift in political preferences. A rise in immigration is associated with a decrease in the support for Democratic candidates and measures. This effect is driven by policies pertaining to redistribution, public good provision, and justice/crime. It is stronger when immigrants are less assimilated and originate from poor and culturally distant countries.
Enablers and barriers in dental attendance in Rett syndrome: an international observational study
Authors: Lai Yvonne Yee Lok , Downs Jenny Anne , Wong Kingsley , Zafar Sobia , Walsh Laurence James , Leonard Helen Margaret 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsIntellectual and developmental disabilities are heterogeneous in aetiology and presentation, and one cannot make assumptions about the oral health barriers of those with Rett syndrome (RTT) based on findings from generic studies. This study investigated caregivers’ perceptions regarding access to dental care for those with (RTT), and associations of dental treatments received by those with RTT with their caregivers’ perceived value of oral health and perception of their own as well as their daughter's dental anxiety.Methods and resultsRetrospective observational data of a subset of individuals with confirmed MECP2 mutations in the InterRett database (n = 216) were used to explore caregiver‐related factors and their relationships with longitudinal data on dental service utilisation, using negative binomial regression. The main reported barriers to dental care access for individuals with RTT were primarily dentist‐related in nature, regardless of dental service history. Those with reported dental nonattendance were of older age. Increasing levels of caregiver‐reported dental fear were associated with less frequent dental check‐ups or for any appointments for affected individuals.ConclusionsDentist‐related barriers and caregiver‐reported anxiety may both adversely affect dental attendance for those with RTT. Future research should explore caregivers’ beliefs and oral health literacy.
Analysing Long Term Spatial Mobility Patterns of Individuals and Large Groups Using 3D‐GIS: A Sport Geographic Approach
Authors: Rauch Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndividual mobility and human patterns analyses is receiving increasing attention in numerous interdisciplinary studies and publications using the concept of time‐geography but is largely unknown to the subdiscipline of sports geography. Meanwhile the visualization and evaluation of large data of individual patterns are still a major challenge. While a qualitative, microscale view on spatial‐temporal topics is more common in today's pattern research using mostly 24h time intervals, this work examines a quantitative approach focusing on an extended period of life. This paper presents a combination of time‐geographic approaches with 3D‐geoinformation systems and demonstrates their value for analysing individual mobility by implementing a path‐homogeneity factor (HPA). Using the example of professional athletes, it is shown which groups display greater similarities in their career paths. While a high homogeneity suggests that groups make similar decisions through socially influenced processes, low values allow the assumption that external processes provide stronger, independent individual structures.
Effect of center of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy on ex vivo stifle joint stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscal release with and without a hamstring load
Authors: Mazdarani Parisa , Pedram Mir Sepehr , Miles James E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of center of rotation of angulation (CORA)‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) and hamstring load on stifle stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx) and medial meniscal release (MMR).Study designEx vivo experimental study.Sample populationCadaver hind limb preparations (n = 7).MethodsAfter instrumentation, constant quadriceps and gastrocnemius loads with an optional hamstring load in a 3:1:0.6 ratio were applied, and stifles were extended from fully flexed using an electrical motor during fluoroscopic recording. The recording process was repeated after each of CCLx, MMR and CBLO and the extracted landmark coordinates were used for calculation of cranial tibial translation (CTT) and patellar ligament angle (PTA).ResultsMean initial tibial plateau angle was 28.1°: post‐CBLO the mean was 9.7°. Cranial tibial translation developed from 50° and 75° with CCLx and MMR respectively (p < .04, < .02) without hamstring loading. Hamstring loading mitigated CTT due to CCLx and delayed CTT until 120° for MMR (P < .02) in this model. CBLO prevented CTT, except at 140° without hamstring loading (P = .01). Similar results were seen for PTA, but CBLO curves were parallel to and lower than intact values at all tested angles (P < .04), consistent with induced effective joint flexion.ConclusionCBLO to a target tibial plateau angle of 10° largely eliminated CTT induced by CCLx and MMR. Hamstring loads of 20% quadriceps load improved stifle stability in this model.ImpactStifle stability following CBLO appears to be multifactorial and depends on meniscal integrity, joint angle, and hamstring strength.
Igualdade de Gênero nos Tribunais pelo Quinto Constitucional: Um Caminho Pela Paridade no Sistema Eleitoral da OAB e a Participação Feminina nas Cúpulas Judiciais
Authors: Feitosa Gustavo Raposo Pereira , De Almeida Davi Everton Vireira , Dias Thaís Araújo 
Published: March 2022

Em 2020, a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) acolheu a paridade de gênero em seu sistema eleitoral. Este artigo objetiva analisar as possíveis repercussões da adesão à paridade eleitoral de gênero pela OAB no âmbito do quinto constitucional. Como itinerário metodológico, tem-se como corte epistêmico a Justiça Estadual. Examinou-se a produção científica sobre a participação feminina no Poder Judiciário alinhada a uma pesquisa quantitativa sobre os currículos e as trajetórias profissionais dos desembargadores (217) integrantes do quinto constitucional de 19 Tribunais de Justiça dos estados. Os dados revelam a baixa inserção feminina; assim, a teoria das elites, de Pierre Bourdieu, por sua vez, os justifica. O quinto constitucional, como forma de acesso ao cargo de desembargador, vincula-se à conquista de capital simbólico obtido pela participação nos órgãos de representação de classe. As advogadas se encontram distantes da composição da cúpula da OAB e por isso têm dificuldade de acessar a magistratura pelo recrutamento proposto no art. 94 da Constituição. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que a paridade de gênero adotada pela OAB se apresenta como um instrumento com potencial para redução das desigualdades de gênero em sua própria cúpula, com reflexos no acesso à magistratura na modalidade do quinto constitucional.
Direct Democracy and the Rights of Sexual Minorities
Authors: Bari Michele Di 
Published: March 2022

Direct democracy is now being regarded as both an alternative of and an adjustment for representative constitutional democracy. Nevertheless, as is discussed in this article, direct democracy devices, particularly in those legal systems where no quorum is provided for validating referendums, can harm minorities. The analysis of “same-sex marriage referendums” can provide an emblematic example of how a minority groups can be easily outnumbered, when decisions are taken using direct popular voting.
El Derecho de Autodeterminación y Registro Civil de las Personas Intersexuales
Authors: Gagliardi Adriana Ruzzante , Gonçalves Rubén Miranda , Moura do Carmo Valter 
Published: March 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento dado por el Consejo Federal de Medicina a las personas nacidas intersexuales y la normativa existente sobre el registro civil de los niños nacidos con sexo indefinido. Para ello, se analizaron la Resolución nº 1664/2003 del Consejo Federal de Medicina, la ADI nº 4.275/DF, las normas emitidas por las Corregidurías de Justicia de los Estados de São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná y Maranhão y los principios de Yogyakarta, la Opinión Consultiva nº 24/2017 de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos, las decisiones y políticas internacionales sobre el registro civil de la persona intersexual, siempre bajo el enfoque del principio de dignidad humana, fundamento y objetivo de la República Federativa de Brasil. Para obtener los resultados deseados, el enfoque seguido fue dialéctico, utilizando la investigación bibliográfica y legislativa. En conclusión, demostramos la necesidad imperiosa de revisar la mencionada Resolución del Consejo Médico Federal y de regular el procedimiento de registro civil de las personas de sexo desconocido en otros Estados brasileños
Correlation Between Rockwell and Brinell Hardness Measurements
Authors: Chen Bo , Leiste Ulrich H. , Chen Qiongyu , Fourney William L. , Li Teng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There exist various types of experimental measurement of hardness, yet a unified understanding of various hardness measurements lacks. Here, by testing the hardness of a wide range of materials, we show that Rockwell and Brinell hardness tests, the two most used hardness measurements, are closely related. The experimental measurements agree well with the theoretical prediction of such a correlation, which is further validated by finite element simulations. The findings of the correlation between Rockwell and Brinell hardness help address the challenges in measuring the hardness of certain materials.
An Exploration of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Assistant Coaches’ Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration
Authors: Raabe Johannes , Tolentino Kim , Readdy Tucker 
Published: March 2022

According to basic psychological needs theory, the quality of individuals’ cognition, affect, and behavior is determined by their perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The purpose of this study was to investigate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I assistant coaches’ basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration and the respective influence of the behavior of the head coach for whom they work on those perceptions. A total of N = 445 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I assistant coaches (191 women and 254 men; Mage = 34.9 ± 9.6 years) participated in the research. Participants reported relatively high levels of both satisfaction and frustration (i.e., compared with previous research) for all three basic psychological needs. A structural equation model (root mean square error of approximation = .06; comparative fit index = .95; Tucker–Lewis index = .95; standardized root mean square residual = .04) indicated that participants’ need satisfaction was significantly associated with the degree to which they perceived their head coaches to engage in need-supportive, need-thwarting, and need-indifferent behavior. Similarly, perceived need-supportive and need-thwarting behavior was also related with assistant coaches’ sense of need frustration. Findings highlight not only the importance of head coaches in shaping assistant coaches’ psychological functioning but also multiple important avenues for future research.
Remote data collection speech analysis and prediction of the identification of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in people at risk for Alzheimer’s disease dementia: the Speech on the Phone Assessment (SPeAk) prospective observational study protocol
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Linz Nicklas , König Alexandra , Langel Kai , Pullen Hannah , Luz Saturnino , Harrison John , Ritchie Craig W 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionIdentifying cost-effective, non-invasive biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a clinical and research priority. Speech data are easy to collect, and studies suggest it can identify those with AD. We do not know if speech features can predict AD biomarkers in a preclinical population.Methods and analysisThe Speech on the Phone Assessment (SPeAk) study is a prospective observational study. SPeAk recruits participants aged 50 years and over who have previously completed studies with AD biomarker collection. Participants complete a baseline telephone assessment, including spontaneous speech and cognitive tests. A 3-month visit will repeat the cognitive tests with a conversational artificial intelligence bot. Participants complete acceptability questionnaires after each visit. Participants are randomised to receive their cognitive test results either after each visit or only after they have completed the study. We will combine SPeAK data with AD biomarker data collected in a previous study and analyse for correlations between extracted speech features and AD biomarkers. The outcome of this analysis will inform the development of an algorithm for prediction of AD risk based on speech features.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Edinburgh Medical School Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 20-EMREC-007). All participants will provide informed consent before completing any study-related procedures, participants must have capacity to consent to participate in this study. Participants may find the tests, or receiving their scores, causes anxiety or stress. Previous exposure to similar tests may make this more familiar and reduce this anxiety. The study information will include signposting in case of distress. Study results will be disseminated to study participants, presented at conferences and published in a peer reviewed journal. No study participants will be identifiable in the study results.