bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale discovery of non-conventional peptides in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) through peptidogenomics
Authors: Pei Mao-Song , Liu Hai-Nan , Wei Tong-Lu , Yu Yi-He , Guo Da-Long 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Non-conventional peptides (NCPs), which are peptides derived from previously unannotated coding sequences, play important biological roles in plants. In this study, we used peptidogenomic methods that integrated mass spectrometry (MS) peptidomics and a six-frame translation database to extensively identify NCPs in grape. In total, 188 and 2021 non-redundant peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera L. protein database at Ensembl/URGI and an individualized peptidogenomic database were identified. Unlike conventional peptides, these NCPs derived mainly from intergenic, intronic, upstream ORF, 5′UTR, 3′UTR, and downstream ORF regions. These results show that unannotated regions are translated more broadly than we thought. We also found that most NCPs were derived from regions related to phenotypic variations, LTR retrotransposons, and domestication selection, indicating that the NCPs have an important function in complex biological processes. We also found that the NCPs were developmentally specific and had transient and specific functions in grape berry development. In summary, our study is the first to extensively identify NCPs in grape. It demonstrated that there was a large amount of translation in the genome. These results lay a foundation for studying the functions of NCPs and also provide a reference for the discovery of new functional genes in grape.
Constitutional design for dynamic democracies: A framework for analysis
Authors: Nwokora Zim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over time, a constitution may become suboptimal for the political system that it is meant to support and yet remain in place, largely unchanged. Thus, we might ask how a constitution might be designed to remain ideal for a democracy as it evolves, and indeed whether this is even possible. This practical dilemma has not been rigorously analyzed in the literature on constitutional design, however, because this research agenda has tended to downplay the potential for democracies to transform over time. To remedy this gap, this article sketches an explicitly temporal approach to design, which takes account of a wide range of political system dynamics. The framework contributes insights into the various ways that constitutional structures can be designed to operate over time; the alignment between these setups and different political system dynamics; and the means by which a constitutional design process might be reconfigured to give more weight to the prospect of fundamental political change.
Reporting of patient safety incidents in minimally invasive thoracic surgery: a national registered thoracic surgeons experience for improvement of patient safety
Authors: Bottet Benjamin , Rivera Caroline , Dahan Marcel , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Jaillard Sophie , Baste Jean-Marc , Seguin-Givelet Agathe , de la Tour Richard Bertrand , Bellenot Francois , Rind Alain , Gossot Dominique , Thomas Pascal-Alexandre , D’Journo Xavier Benoit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The reporting of patient safety incidents (PSIs) occurring in minimally invasive thoracic surgery (MITS) is crucial. However, previous reports focused mainly on catastrophic events whereas minor events are often underreported.

METHODS
All voluntary reports of MITS-related PSIs were retrospectively extracted from the French REX database for ‘in-depth analysis’. From 2008 to 2019, we retrospectively analysed and graded events according to the WHO classification of PSIs: near miss events, no harm incidents and harmful incidents. Causes and corrective measures were analysed according to the human-technology-organization triad.

RESULTS
Of the 5145 cardiothoracic surgery PSIs declared, 407 were related to MITS. Among them, MITS was performed for primary lung cancer in 317 (78%) and consisted in a lobectomy in 249 (61%) patients. PSIs were: near miss events in 42 (10%) patients, no harm incidents in 81 (20%) patients and harmful incidents in 284 (70%) patients (mild: n = 163, 40%; moderate: n = 78, 19%; severe: n = 36, 9%; and deaths: n = 7, 2%). Human factors represented the most important cause of PSIs with 267/407 (65.6%) cases, including mainly vascular injuries (n = 90; 22%) and non-vascular injuries (n = 43; 11%). Pulmonary arteries were the most affected site with 57/91 cases (62%). In all, there were 7 deaths (2%), 53 patients required second surgery (13%) and 30 required additional lung resection (7%).

CONCLUSIONS
The majority of reported MITS -related PSIs were non-catastrophic. Human factors were the main cause of PSIs. Systematic reporting and analysis of these PSIs will allow surgeon and his team to avoid a large proportion of them.
Non-equilibrium growth of a binary alloy
Authors: Fowler A C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present an interpretation of the phase diagram for a binary alloy from the point of view of reaction dynamics. We consider a model system in which the two-component liquid phase is an ideal solution, but the solid phase can be non-ideal, with its non-ideality increasing with reducing temperature. We show how a ‘batch’ model for the evolution of the two-component solid–liquid system, in which the interfacial growth rates are proportional to free energy differences, leads to a set of four differential equations, whose equilibria correspond to the familiar solidus and liquidus curves. In addition, we explain how the transitions between them depend on the bifurcation structure of the solutions. We show that locally stable mixed-phase solutions can exist below the eutectic temperature, thus providing an alternative explanation for the observation of super-cooled liquids, and we also explain why complete solidification ‘normally’ occurs below the eutectic temperature, despite the fact that this temperature has no intrinsic dynamic significance, being simply a value at which two completely different equilibrium states happen to share a common liquid concentration.
Antitrust and Innovation Competition
Authors: Spulber Daniel F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Innovation competition presents challenges for antitrust law and enforcement policy. Innovation has generated changes in the nature of competition as firms introduce new transaction techniques, product designs, and production processes. Innovation competition is driving the ‘Business Revolution’ in retail, wholesale, manufacturing, services, and financial technology. Transaction innovation in online platforms and multi-sided markets has raised antitrust concerns about anticompetitive conduct, vertical restraints, consumer privacy, and barriers to entrepreneurship. The article argues that although antitrust policy makers recognize the importance of innovation competition, they need to update their economic frameworks. Antitrust policy makers need to move beyond traditional analysis based on the twin frameworks of perfect competition and imperfect competition. The article provides an introduction to the emerging Economics of Technology & Innovation and examines some implications for antitrust policy. First, antitrust policy should shift its focus from price competition without technological change to address non-price aspects of innovation competition. Secondly, antitrust policy should apply economic analysis that recognizes the critical role of Intellectual Property and technology standards in innovation competition. Thirdly, antitrust policy toward horizontal and vertical mergers should consider developments in the economic analysis of innovation competition.
Influence of hempseed cake inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and blood parameters in finishing heifers
Authors: Winders Thomas M , Serum Eric M , Smith David J , Neville Bryan W , Mia Golam K , Amat Samat , Dahlen Carl R , Swanson Kendall C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As the hemp industry continues to develop in the United States, there is an increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. A completely randomized design experiment using crossbred finishing heifers (initial body weight [BW] ± SE = 494 ± 10 kg) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and plasma parameters. Dietary treatments were the inclusion of 20% (dry matter [DM] basis) of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS, n = 16) or hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15). Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were monitored using the Insentec feeding system. Cattle were fed treatment diets for 111 d, and every 14 d BW were measured and blood samples were collected. Blood plasma was analyzed for glucose, urea nitrogen, and individual amino acids, and results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis in SAS. Final BW, average daily gain, gain:feed, and hot carcass weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 2.3%, 7.7%, 7.7%, and 2.6%, respectively, in heifers fed the HEMP diet than in heifers fed the DDGS diet. Net energy for maintenance and gain (Mcal/kg of feed, DM basis), estimated based on heifer intake and performance, were greater (P = 0.02) for the DDGS diet than for the HEMP diet. All other performance and carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. Heifers fed the HEMP diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentration in samples from each collection day compared with heifers fed the DDGS diet, although there was a treatment-by-day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) because of variability in the magnitude of treatment differences over time. Plasma glucose concentration was not influenced (P = 0.17) by dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of total amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and essential amino acids were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.09), although there were several interactions between treatment and day (P ≤ 0.04) for individual amino acids. These data suggest that hempseed cake has a lower net energy for maintenance and gain relative to DDGS when adequate metabolizable protein is supplied, while still providing adequate nutrition to support the acceptable performance of finishing cattle.
Body weight of newborn and suckling piglets affects their intestinal gene expression
Authors: Villagómez-Estrada Sandra , Pérez José F , Melo-Durán Diego , Gonzalez-Solè Francesc , D’Angelo Matilde , Pérez-Cano Francisco J , Solà-Oriol David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Modern hyperprolific sows must deal with large litters (16–20 piglets) which reduce piglet birthweight with a concomitant increase in the proportion of small and intrauterine growth retarded piglets. However, larger litters do not only have a greater variation of piglet weights, but also a greater variation in colostrum and milk consumption within the litter. To further understand the impact that body weight has on piglets, the present study aimed to evaluate the degree of physiological weakness of the smallest piglets at birth and during the suckling period (20 d) compared to their middle-weight littermates through their jejunal gene expression. At birth, light piglets showed a downregulation of genes related to immune response (FAXDC2, HSPB1, PPARGC1α), antioxidant enzymes (SOD2m), digestive enzymes (ANPEP, IDO1, SI), and nutrient transporter (SLC39A4) (P &lt; 0.05) but also a tendency for a higher mRNA expression of GBP1 (inflammatory regulator) and HSD11β1 (stress hormone) genes compared to their heavier littermates (P &lt; 0.10). Excluding HSD11β1 gene, all these intestinal gene expression differences initially observed at birth between light and middle-weight piglets were stabilized at the end of the suckling period, when others appeared. Genes involved in barrier function (CLDN1), pro-inflammatory response (CXCL2, IL6, IDO1), and stress hormone signaling (HSD11β1) over-expressed compared to their middle-weight littermates (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, at birth and at the end of suckling period, light body weight piglets seem to have a compromised gene expression and therefore impaired nutrient absorption, immune and stress responses compared to their heavier littermates.
Contracts and Induced Institutional Change
Authors: Harstad Bård , Mideksa Torben 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study agents’ incentives to form horizontal coalitions before a principal offers vertical contracts. When a vertical contract generates negative externalities on other agents, the agents may collude in order to obtain better deals; when one contract benefits other agents, the agents may decentralize, instead. Contractually induced institutional changes always harm the principal and the negative effect can outweigh the direct effects of the contracts, making the contracts counterproductive. The model is tractable and sufficiently flexible to be relevant for applications such as regulation of pollution, payments for forest conservation, and mergers between firms in a supplier–franchisee relationship. (JEL D86, H23, H87, Q58).
Parallel Appearance of Polyglutamine and Transactivation-Responsive DNA-Binding Protein 43 and Their Complementary Subcellular Localization in Brains of Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: Koyano Shigeru , Yagishita Saburo , Tada Mikiko , Doi Hiroshi , Uchihara Toshiki , Tanaka Fumiaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by mutations in the ATXN2 gene in which toxic effects are triggered by expanded polyglutamine repeats within ataxin-2. SCA2 is accompanied by motor neuron degeneration as occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the distribution patterns of ataxin-2 and transactivation-responsive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a major disease-related protein in ALS, in the CNS of 3 SCA2 patients. Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43)-positive lesions were widely distributed throughout the CNS and generally overlapped with 1C2 (expanded polyglutamine)-immunoreactive lesions. This distribution pattern is different from the pattern in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. In SCA2, double immunostaining of TDP-43 and 1C2 in motor neurons revealed 3 staining patterns: cytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, nucleocytoplasmic 1C2 and nuclear TDP-43, and nuclear 1C2 and cytoplasmic TDP-43, which reflect the early, active, and final stages of pathological change, respectively. The translocation of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm along with the translocation of 1C2 in the opposite direction indicates that nuclear accumulation of the disease-specific protein ataxin-2 affects the intracellular dynamics of TDP-43. Such a close interrelationship between mutant ataxin-2 and TDP-43 in the cell might account for the similarity of their distribution in the CNS of patients with SCA2.
New Hands in US Public Lands Management: The Role and Influence of Nonagency Partners in Forest Service Stewardship Agreements
Authors: Cowan Emery R , Grimm Kerry E , Davis Emily Jane , Nielsen Erik A , Waltz Amy E M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe USDA Forest Service (USFS) is increasingly turning to partnership tools such as stewardship agreements (SAs) to accomplish land management objectives. In these arrangements, nonagency partners (partners) often bring resources, capabilities, and preferences that can influence management processes and activities. We explored the nature of partner influence in SAs through interviews with USFS and partner staff in four SA case studies in Arizona, California, and New Mexico. Interviewees perceived that partners influenced project prioritization; implementation pace, scope, and approach; and SA participants’ ways of working. Influence was linked to partners’ involvement in SA project selection; contribution of resources, expertise, and capabilities; and assumption of some project implementation responsibilities. USFS-partner relationships also appeared to encourage partnership-oriented approaches beyond the original project. Our research suggests SA partners are uniquely influential in the implementation of USFS management activities and recommends additional exploration of SAs in the context of collaborative implementation.
Middle mediastinal cavernous hemangioma: a case report of clinical, pathologic and radiologic features
Authors: Turner Darren , Nwatu Daniel , Kodia Karishma , Huerta Carlos Theodore , Villamizar Nestor R , Briski Lawrence , Nguyen Dao M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Benign vascular tumors of the mediastinum are rare, representing only 0.5% of all mediastinal masses. Given their rare presentation, they are infrequently considered in the workup of a middle mediastinal mass. We present a unique case describing the clinical, imaging and pathologic characteristics of a middle mediastinal cavernous hemangioma which was initially misdiagnosed as a bronchogenic cyst and ultimately required surgical resection with the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Covert gastroduodenal intussusception: a case report
Authors: Al-Roubaie Aymen , Withanage Indrajith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gastroduodenal intussusception is extremely rare and usually symptomatic in adults. Authors here report a case of a 99-year-old female with a gastroduodenal intussusception with no obstructive signs and symptoms or an obvious leading point showed on imaging modality. The index case presented with a three-day history of upper abdominal pain radiated to the back and right shoulder. Examination was unremarkable except for mild tenderness in the epigastric and right hypochondrial areas. A diagnosis of a small gastroduodenal intussusception was made by abdominal CT scan. The patient and family refused gastroscopy. Therefore, a conservative approach was followed, and the patient was discharged home on analgesia after two days of admission in the surgical ward.
Combination treatment by the cervical approach with mediastinal drainage and continuous saline irrigation for descending necrotizing mediastinitis type IIb: a three-case series
Authors: Ohashi Takuya , Kawago Mitsumasa , Ota Fuminori , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Kiyoi Megumi , Miyasaka Miwako , Yata Yumi , Kawaji Mari , Fusamoto Aya , Iguchi Hideto , Nakanishi Hitomi , Nakaya Takahito , Fujiwara Yuki , Nishimura Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a severe, life-threatening disease and requires prompt treatment. The primary treatment for DNM is cervical and mediastinal drainage in addition to antibiotic treatment. However, the most appropriate drainage approach and the effectiveness of additional treatment remain unclear. In this study, we performed cervical and mediastinal drainage for three patients with type IIB DNM using the cervical approach alone. Continuous saline irrigation was administered as additional treatment. There is little evidence for the use of saline irrigation for DNM. We propose that this combination treatment may be more effective and has the potential to improve patient prognosis. In our report, the average drainage duration was 13 days, and the average hospital stay was 30 days. Furthermore, both drainage duration and hospital stay were shorter than those in previously reported cases. Our case series provides valuable insight into the use of combination treatment to treat DNM.
ʿAttīḏ-Compounds in Middle Aramaic: Discursive Functions and Tense-Aspect-Modal Characteristics
Authors: Tsolin Dmytro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite the frequent use of ʿattīḏ-compounds in Middle Aramaic,1 their syntactic and discourse functions as well as the tense-aspect-modal (TAM) characteristics are represented in modern works on Aramaic grammar in a rather fragmentary fashion. On the whole, ʿattīḏ-compounds are considered as competing with yiqṭul-imperfect periphrastic verbal forms that function predominantly in prophetic discourse with the meaning of distant future. However, the range of the discourse functions of ʿattīḏ-compounds goes beyond the scope of prophecy and their TAM-characteristics need to be reconsidered. In this article, compounds with an ʿattīḏ-auxiliary are viewed as possessing the modal meaning of intention originally, and it is this distinctive seme that determines other specificities of their functions. This paper presents the results of cross-dialectical analysis of ʿattīḏ-compounds in Jewish Aramaic dialects, Samaritan Aramaic, Classical Syriac and Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and includes biblical texts translated from Hebrew as well as the original writings in these Middle Aramaic languages.
Chemerin Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Ashfaq Mohammad Zeeshan , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Ismaiel Mohamed , Ensar Ismaiel Dilara , Popa Stefan-Lucian , Dumitrascu Dan L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
We evaluated the relevant published studies exploring the association between chemerin concentrations and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs).

Methods
A systematic search was performed in October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. We included full articles and assessed their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa score.

Results
We found 6 studies in the systematic review and 5 of these were included in our meta-analysis. Mean difference (MD) of 41.69 ng/mL (95% CI, 10.07–73.30), 132.14 ng/mL (95% CI, −102.12–366.40), and 62.10 ng/mL (95% CI, 10.31–113.89) in chemerin levels was seen in ACS patients vs control subjects, ACS patients vs stable angina pectoris patients (SAP), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ACS patients vs nondiabetic ACS patients, respectively.

Conclusion
Chemerin levels were significantly elevated in patients with ACS compared to controls, as well as in T2DM–ACS patients compared to nondiabetic ACS patients. However, no significant MD in chemerin levels was observed between SAP and ACS patients.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa M , Allard Rhonda J , Esquivel Carlos R 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine the efficacy of steroid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the setting of acute noise-induced hearing loss.

Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis of noise-induced hearing loss treatment studies that reported on patients who (1) reported individual frequencies up to 8,000 Hz with mean and SDs; (2) were treated only with steroids ± HBOT; and (3) sustained acute acoustic trauma. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias across cohorts. Data sources were Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Databases (via Ovid EBM Reviews), and PubMed.

Results
Four studies were of retrospective cohorts and one of a prospective cohort. Only one study examined blast acoustic trauma, and the remaining four examined gunfire acoustic trauma. This meta-analysis used a random-effects model for pure tone average (PTA) (0.5, 1, and 2 kHz) and “high-frequency” PTA (HPTA) (4, 6, and 8 kHz) for the five studies included. Steroid therapy demonstrated a 6.55-dB (95% CI, 0.08-13.17 dB) PTA (n = 55) improvement and a 9.02-dB (95% CI, 1.45-16.59 dB) HPTA (n = 71) improvement. Steroid with HBOT demonstrated a 7.00-dB (95% CI, 0.84-13.17 dB) PTA (n = 133) improvement and a 12.41-dB (95% CI, 3.97-20.86 dB) HPTA (n = 150) improvement. According to our statistical analysis of the pooled studies’ heterogeneity, there was moderate inconsistency in the cross-study results of both treatment groups.

Conclusion
Steroids with or without HBOT appear to improve both low and high hearing thresholds following acoustic trauma. Future studies will require inclusion of control groups, precise definition of acoustic trauma intensity and duration, and genetic polymorphisms.