bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Injuries and Medical Care, Assistance, and Losses Recounted by Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors after Nearly a Quarter Century
Authors: North Carol S. , McDonald Katy , Surís Alina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Terrorist incidents occur with alarming frequency. Much is known about acute injuries and psychopathology arising from terrorism, as well as medical care and functional status assessed in early post-disaster periods. Survivors’ memories of these experiences may change over subsequent decades, and their perspectives may evolve. Little information is available on how survivors describe these experiences decades later.Study Objective:This longitudinal qualitative study of directly-exposed survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing was conducted nearly a quarter century after the disaster. It collected systematic, open-ended descriptions of survivors’ injuries and medical care, assistance received and given, and disaster-associated losses. It sought to illuminate whether survivors recall long-term consequences of disaster exposure so long after the event, providing important details with great clarity and associated emotion, or alternatively lose memory and sharpness of recollection for these aspects of their bombing experience.Methods:A sample of 182 bombing survivors was randomly recruited from a state registry of 1,092 bombing survivors and interviewed at approximately six months after the bombing (71% participation). The sample was re-interviewed an average of 23 years after the disaster (72% follow-up participation) using an open-ended interview with survivors describing in their own words their personal experience of the bombing and its effects on their lives. The interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Themes were identified in the text of the interviews, and passages were coded using qualitative software, achieving excellent inter-rater reliability for each theme. This article covers three of twelve total themes identified.Results:Nearly a quarter century after the bombing, this highly trauma-exposed Oklahoma City bombing survivor sample had memories that were still vivid, graphic, and evocative. They described injuries and medical care, assistance given and received, and losses with great detail and intensity. Despite the continuing strong emotions expressed by these survivors in relation to the bombing, the qualitative content suggested that lasting psychopathology was not a central concern.Conclusion:This is one of the longest prospective longitudinal, qualitative studies ever conducted with highly trauma-exposed survivors of a terrorist bombing. These findings are critical to disaster emergency response and effective management of the disaster response and early care for the survivors, as the effects of the disaster may shape the rest of their lives.
Underestimated but Undeterred: The 27th Amendment and the Power of Tenacious Citizenship
Authors: Elkins Zachary S. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe 200-year gestation and birth of the 27th Amendment to the US Constitution is nothing short of miraculous in its duration and improbable finish. The 27th Amendment represents a story of tenacity and personal vindication in the face of steep odds. This article recounts the event and its meaning through interviews with the protagonists.
Stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner trainees: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Owen Joel , Cross Solange , Mergia Vasiliki , Fisher Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, a convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to explore stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP) trainees (n = 90) at the beginning of their training. Psychometric tests were used to measure levels of self-reported stress, resilience and dispositional coping styles. Open-text survey data regarding the perceived sources of stress at the beginning of training were also qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Results indicated that in the early weeks of their training, trainees reported lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stress than those found in the general population. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between stress and resilience, and between stress and the coping styles ‘Planning’, and ‘Active Coping’. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between stress and the coping styles of ‘Denial’ and ‘Focus on and Venting of Emotions’. The qualitative findings provided a context within which to understand these quantitative results. The three themes ‘I can find the unknown quite unsettling’, ‘I question my competences’ and ‘Learning, consolidating and putting it all into practice’ were generated through the qualitative analysis. These themes were connected by an over-arching theme which suggests that the perceived responsibility of the role is an important source of stress for PWP trainees. Implications for future research and the training of PWPs are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
To establish the levels and perceived sources of stress in trainee PWPs at the beginning of their training.

(2)
To identify relationships between stress and resilience, and between stress and styles of coping at the beginning of training.

(3)
To use a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive account of stress at the outset of training.
Investigating the Physical Drivers for the Increasing Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Hazard in the United States
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate both the changes of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall hazard in the United States under climate change and the relative importance of the factors that cause the changes. We find that under the SSP5 8.5 scenario, the 100‐year TC rainfall level can increase by up to 320% along the U.S. coastline by the end of this century. The influence of TC rainfall‐producing ability increase is more significant than the influence of TC frequency increase on the increase of the 100‐year TC rainfall level (up to 180% vs. 60% increase). Among the different physical drivers for the increase in storm rainfall‐producing ability, the increase of TC intensity is the leading factor, followed by changes in TC duration and atmospheric temperature. The projected increase of TC rainfall hazard is robust against the uncertainty in the TC frequency projection.
Diurnal Variability in EMIRS Daytime Observations of Water Ice Clouds During Mars Aphelion‐Season
Authors: Atwood Samuel A. , Smith Michael D. , Badri Khalid , Edwards Christopher S. , Christensen Philip R. , Wolff Michael J. , Forget François , Anwar Saadat , Smith Nathan , El‐Maarry M. R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiurnal analyses of water ice cloud optical depths retrieved from thermal infrared spectra by the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer showed changing cloud abundance throughout the Martian day. Observations began with the start of the Emirates Mars Mission science phase near the beginning of aphelion‐season in Mars Year 36 and included the prominent aphelion cloud belt (ACB) and orographic clouds in the vicinity of volcanoes. A midday minimum with higher morning and afternoon optical depths was typical for the ACB, though with considerable spatial variability in this diurnal pattern. Clouds near volcanoes reached a minimum before local noon and tended to increase in abundance throughout the afternoon. Comparisons against the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique global circulation model showed analogous spatial patterns in the diurnal signal, which suggested thermal tides and topographic effects to be the predominant drivers of ACB variability, while more localized circulations affected volcano clouds.
Competing Controls of Effective Stress Variation and Chloritization on Friction and Stability of Faults in Granite: Implications for Seismicity Triggered by Fluid Injection
Authors: Zhang Fengshou , Huang Rui , An Mengke , Min Ki‐Bok , Elsworth Derek , Hofmann Hannes , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluids injection for hydraulic stimulation and fracturing, typical in the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in granites, can reactivate deep faults and induce seismicity. Such faults typically contain chlorite coatings as an alteration product that may impact styles of deformation—aseismic through seismic. We performed low velocity shear experiments on simulated granite fault gouges under conditions typifying a geothermal reservoir at ∼4‐km depth with a confining pressure of 110 MPa, a temperature of 150°C, fluid pressures of 21–80 MPa, and chlorite contents of 0–100%, to investigate the influence of variation in effective stress and mineral composition on fault strength and stability. Our results show a transition from velocity‐strengthening to velocity‐weakening behavior in simulated granite gouge when the effective confining pressure was reduced from 89 to 30 MPa, characterized by a transition from fault compaction to dilation—as revealed by microstructural observations—with implications in enabling unstable failure. Conversely, increasing chlorite content stabilizes slip but reduces frictional strength. The microstructures of these mixed gouges exhibit shear localized on chlorite‐enriched planes and promoting fault sliding. These results suggest that earthquake ruptures occurring during fluid injection can be facilitated by effective stress variations and that both controlling fluid overpressures (effective stresses) and being aware of the presence of alteration minerals are both important controls in mitigating such injection‐induced seismic risks.
A CRISPRi/a platform in human iPSC-derived microglia uncovers regulators of disease states
Authors: Dräger Nina M. , Sattler Sydney M. , Huang Cindy Tzu-Ling , Teter Olivia M. , Leng Kun , Hashemi Sayed Hadi , Hong Jason , Aviles Giovanni , Clelland Claire D. , Zhan Lihong , Udeochu Joe C. , Kodama Lay , Singleton Andrew B. , Nalls Mike A. , Ichida Justin , Ward Michael E. , Faghri Faraz , Gan Li , Kampmann Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroglia are emerging as key drivers of neurological diseases. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a screening platform to systematically elucidate functional consequences of genetic perturbations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. We developed an efficient 8-day protocol for the generation of microglia-like cells based on the inducible expression of six transcription factors. We established inducible CRISPR interference and activation in this system and conducted three screens targeting the ‘druggable genome’. These screens uncovered genes controlling microglia survival, activation and phagocytosis, including neurodegeneration-associated genes. A screen with single-cell RNA sequencing as the readout revealed that these microglia adopt a spectrum of states mirroring those observed in human brains and identified regulators of these states. A disease-associated state characterized by osteopontin (SPP1) expression was selectively depleted by colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1R) inhibition. Thus, our platform can systematically uncover regulators of microglial states, enabling their functional characterization and therapeutic targeting.
The Leaf Clinical Trials Corpus: a new resource for query generation from clinical trial eligibility criteria
Authors: Dobbins Nicholas J. , Mullen Tony , Uzuner Özlem , Yetisgen Meliha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdentifying cohorts of patients based on eligibility criteria such as medical conditions, procedures, and medication use is critical to recruitment for clinical trials. Such criteria are often most naturally described in free-text, using language familiar to clinicians and researchers. In order to identify potential participants at scale, these criteria must first be translated into queries on clinical databases, which can be labor-intensive and error-prone. Natural language processing (NLP) methods offer a potential means of such conversion into database queries automatically. However they must first be trained and evaluated using corpora which capture clinical trials criteria in sufficient detail. In this paper, we introduce the Leaf Clinical Trials (LCT) corpus, a human-annotated corpus of over 1,000 clinical trial eligibility criteria descriptions using highly granular structured labels capturing a range of biomedical phenomena. We provide details of our schema, annotation process, corpus quality, and statistics. Additionally, we present baseline information extraction results on this corpus as benchmarks for future work.
3D Paper-based milk adulteration detection device
Authors: Patari Subhashis , Datta Priyankan , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMilk adulteration is a common problem in developing countries, and it can lead to fatal diseases in humans. Despite several studies to identify different adulterants in milk samples, the effects of multiple adulterants remain unexplored. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) paper-based microfluidic device is designed and fabricated to simultaneously detect multiple chemical adulterants in milk. This device comprises a top cover, a bottom cover, and a middle layer composed of transportation and a detection zone. By making cuts on the middle layer’s support, the device’s flow path is characterised by optimum and uniform velocity. For the first time, seven adulterants (urea, detergents, soap, starch, hydrogen peroxide, sodium-hydrogen-carbonate, and salt) are detected in the milk sample simultaneously with specificity evaluation and detailed color interference analysis. Only 1–2 mL of sample volume is required to detect 7 adulterants at one time. We have used only 10 $$\upmu$$
μ
L of the reagent’s volume for the colorimetric reaction and found the results within a few seconds. Observation reveals that the limit of detection (LOD) of the adulterants lies in the range between $$0.05\%$$

0.05
%

(vol./vol.) to $$0.2\%$$

0.2
%

(vol./vol.) using the colorimetric detection technique. The unknown quantity of the added adulterants is measured using the calibration curves obtained from the experiments results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the process, sensitivity, and the linear range of detection of the calibration curves and the statistical study of the color intensity data are thoroughly analysed herein. In any resource-limited setting, this simple, portable, and user-friendly 3D microfluidic device is expected to be used for testing liquid foods before consumption.
Pivotal models and biomarkers related to the prognosis of breast cancer based on the immune cell interaction network
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Xin , Quan Yuhang , Tang Yiyin , Lai Yafang , Wang Maohua , Wu Anhao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of breast cancer heterogeneity on prognosis of patients is still unclear, especially the role of immune cells in prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, single cell transcriptome sequencing data of breast cancer were used to analyze the relationship between breast cancer heterogeneity and prognosis. In this study, 14 cell clusters were identified in two single-cell datasets (GSE75688 and G118389). Proportion analysis of immune cells showed that NK cells were significantly aggregated in triple negative breast cancer, and the proportion of macrophages was significantly increased in primary breast cancer, while B cells, T cells, and neutrophils may be involved in the metastasis of breast cancer. The results of ligand receptor interaction network revealed that macrophages and DC cells were the most frequently interacting cells with other cells in breast cancer. The results of WGCNA analysis suggested that the MEblue module is most relevant to the overall survival time of triple negative breast cancer. Twenty-four prognostic genes in the blue module were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis and KM survival analysis. Multivariate regression analysis combined with risk analysis was used to analyze 24 prognostic genes to construct a prognostic model. The verification result of our prognostic model showed that there were significant differences in the expression of PCDH12, SLIT3, ACVRL1, and DLL4 genes between the high-risk group and the low-risk group, which can be used as prognostic biomarkers.
Large carnivores and naturalness affect forest recreational value
Authors: Giergiczny Marek , Swenson Jon E. , Zedrosser Andreas , Selva Nuria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecreation is a crucial contribution of nature to people, relevant for forest ecosystems. Large carnivores (LCs) are important components of forests, however, their contribution to forest recreational value has not yet been evaluated. Given the current expansion of LC populations, the ongoing forest conservation debate, and the increasing use of nature for recreational purposes, this is a timely study. We used discrete choice experiments and willingness-to-travel to determine people’ preferences for both forest structural characteristics and presence of four LC species in Poland (N = 1097 respondents) and Norway (N = 1005). In both countries, two-thirds of the respondents (termed ‘wildness-positive’) perceived LCs as contributing positively to forest recreational value and preferred to visit old forests with trees of different species and ages and presence of dead wood (i.e. natural forests). Respondents with negative preferences towards LCs preferred more intensively managed forest (‘wildness-negative’); their preferences were stronger than in wildness-positive respondents and in Norway. Preferences towards wild nature were highly polarized and there were hardly neutral people. Our results showed a strong link between preferences for LC presence and forest structure, and reflected the dualism of human-nature relationships. This study highlights the need to consider the contribution of forests and LCs to human recreation services in ecosystem management policies.
Multiobjective reconfiguration of unbalanced distribution networks using improved transient search optimization algorithm considering power quality and reliability metrics
Authors: Alanazi Mohana , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Almadhor Ahmad , Memon Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new intelligent algorithm named improved transient search optimization algorithm (ITSOA) integrated with multiobjective optimization for determining the optimal configuration of an unbalanced distribution network. The conventional transient search optimization algorithm (TSOA) is improved with opposition learning and nonlinearly decreasing strategies for enhancing the convergence to find the global solution and obtain a desirable balance between local and global search. The multiobjective function includes different objectives such as power loss reduction, enhancement of voltage sag and unbalance, and network energy not supplied minimization. The decision variables of the reconfiguration problem including opened switches or identification of optimal network configuration are determined using ITSOA and satisfying operational and radiality constraints. The proposed methodology is implemented on unbalanced 13-bus and 118-bus networks. The results showed that the proposed ITSOA is capable to find the optimal network configuration for enhancing the different objectives in loading conditions. The results cleared the proposed methodology's good effectiveness, especially in power quality and reliability enhancement, without compromising the different objectives. Comparing ITSOA to conventional TSOA, particle swarm optimization (PSO), gray wolf optimization (GWO), bat algorithm (BA), manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO), and ant lion Optimizer (ALO), and previous approaches, it is concluded that ITSOA in improving the different objectives.
Performance of abbreviated protocols versus unenhanced MRI in detecting occult breast lesions of mammography in patients with dense breasts
Authors: Chen Peipei , Shao Guangrui , Li Baijie , Zhang Huikun , Xiao Juan , Zhao Suhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo assess the diagnostic ability of abbreviated protocols of MRI (AP-MRI) compared with unenhanced MRI (UE-MRI) in mammographically occult cancers in patients with dense breast tissue. The retrospective analysis consisted of 102 patients without positive findings on mammography who received preoperative MRI full diagnostic protocols (FDP) between January 2015 and December 2018. Two breast radiologists read the UE, AP, and FDP. The interpretation times were recorded. The comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of each MRI protocol, and the sensitivity of these protocols in each subgroup of different size tumors used the Chi-square test. The paired sample t-test was used for evaluating the difference of reading time of the three protocols. Among 102 women, there were 68 cancers and two benign lesions in 64 patients and 38 patients had benign or negative findings. Both readers found the sensitivity and specificity of AP and UE-MRI were similar (p > 0.05), whereas compared with FDP, UE had lower sensitivity (Reader 1/Reader 2: p = 0.023, 0.004). For different lesion size groups, one of the readers found that AP and FDP had higher sensitivities than UE-MRI for detecting the lesions ≤ 10 mm in diameter (p = 0.041, p = 0.023). Compared with FDP, the average reading time of UE-MRI and AP was remarkably reduced (p < 0.001). AP-MRI had more advantages than UE-MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers, especially for breast tumors ≤ 10 mm in diameter.