bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological status of Lake Nasser Khors, Egypt, before operating the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Authors: Abdel-Aal Eman I. , Haroon Amany M. , Ibrahim Shaimaa M. , Abd El-Aziz Ghada S. , Sabae Soaad A. , Gaber Khadiga M. , Goher Mohamed E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLake Nasser is an artificial reservoir that represents the national freshwater reserve of Egypt and has a number of khors (side extensions) along its eastern and western banks. These khors covered approximately 79% of the lake’s total surface area and have an important effect on water quality and fish production in the lake. This study aimed to monitor and assess the water quality, distribution, and structure of the biotic community, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, epiphytes, and macrobenthos in two main khors (Tushka West and Dahmeit) during postflood and preflood periods. There was urgency associated with the study, as it was the last opportunity before the storing of the water behind the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which had begun to fill in July 2020. Although the study confirmed that the water quality of Lake Nasser was good, it is classified as a eutrophic lake (depending on the levels of Chlorophyll-a and nutrients). This study found that pH, NO2, SiO4, NH4, PO4, and temperature were the factors with the greatest effect on the biota community, especially in Dahmeit Khor. In contrast to the phytoplankton and macrobenthos, the highest total density of zooplankton and epiphytic microalgae were detected during the postflood period. This study could be useful in monitoring possible changes in the Lake Nasser environment after the complete filling of the GERD reservoir.
Understanding the Unique Barriers and Facilitators that Affect Men’s Initiation and Retention in HIV Care: A Qualitative Study to Inform Interventions for Men Across the Treatment Cascade in Malawi
Authors: Coursey Kate , Phiri Khumbo , Choko Augustine T. , Kalande Pericles , Chamberlin Stephanie , Hubbard Julie , Thorp Marguerite , Hoffman Risa , Coates Thomas J. , Dovel Kathryn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMen in sub-Saharan Africa are underrepresented in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. Our secondary analysis of 40 in-depth interviews with Malawian men living with HIV examined barriers and facilitators for ART initiation versus retention. Interviewees included men who never initiated or initiated ART late (initiation respondents, n = 19); and men who initiated ART but were late for an appointment (retention respondents, n = 21). Transcribed interviews were coded using deductive and inductive coding techniques and analyzed using constant comparison methods. Long wait times, frequent facility visits, and insufficient in-clinic privacy were barriers for initiation and retention. Poor knowledge of ART was primarily a barrier for initiation; unexpected travel was a barrier for retention. Key facilitators for initiation and retention included previous positive experiences with health facilities. Having examples of successful men using ART primarily facilitated initiation; support from spouses and male peers facilitated retention. Results may inform interventions to increase men’s engagement in ART services.
Trait Aggression is Reflected by a Lower Temporal Stability of EEG Resting Networks
Authors: Kleinert Tobias , Nash Kyle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrait aggression can lead to catastrophic consequences for individuals and society. However, it remains unclear how aggressive people differ from others regarding basic, task-independent brain characteristics. We used EEG microstate analysis to investigate how the temporal organization of neural resting networks might help explain inter-individual differences in aggression. Microstates represent whole-brain networks, which are stable for short timeframes (40–120 ms) before quickly transitioning into other microstate types. Recent research demonstrates that the general temporal stability of microstates across types predicts higher levels of self-control and inhibitory control, and lower levels of risk-taking preferences. Given that these outcomes are inversely related to aggression, we investigated whether microstate stability at rest would predict lower levels of trait aggression. As males show higher levels of aggression than females, and males and females express aggression differently, we also tested for possible gender-differences. As hypothesized, people with higher levels of trait aggression showed lower microstate stability. This effect was moderated by gender, with men showing stronger associations compared to women. These findings support the notion that temporal dynamics of sub-second resting networks predict complex human traits. Furthermore, they provide initial indications of gender-differences in the functional significance of EEG microstates.
Substrate type induces plastic responses in the craniofacial morphology of a winnowing cichlid
Authors: Gilbert Michelle C. , Piggott Sofia N. , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how local populations respond to specific changes in the environment can help us better predict how populations respond to such change. With this topic in mind, we followed up on a previous study by exploring the capabilities of a Geophagini cichlid, known for its unique feeding strategy, to mount a plastic response. We exposedSatanoperca daemon, a winnowing cichlid, to three different substrate types, two of which encouraged winnowing behaviors and a third that prevented winnowing entirely. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified aspects of craniofacial anatomy to test for morphological differences between the treatments and to test for the integration of different traits across the head. We found significant differences across our experimental populations in both shape and disparity. We report evidence in support of wide-spread integration across craniofacial traits. A notable exception to this pattern was the epibranchial lobe, a structure unique to the Geophagini, which exhibited more modular variation. Since anthropogenic alterations such as the damming of rivers can impact substrate type, these data offer insights into how Geophagini cichlids may respond to environmental change. In addition, this work further illuminates the functional morphology of winnowing foraging behaviors.
The emergence of human metapneumovirus G gene duplication in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infection, India, 2016–2018
Authors: Parida Preetiparna , N Sudheesh , E.R Sanjay , Jagadesh Anitha , Marate Srilatha , Govindakaranavar Arunkumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the family Pneumoviridae. It is one of the emerging respiratory viruses causing both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. HMPV has two genotypes: A and B. These genotypes are classified into lineage A1, A2, B1 and B2. Lineage-A2 is further classified as A2a, A2b and A2c. Similarly, B2 is classified as B2a and B2b. Studies have shown the circulation of A2b, B1 and B2 lineages in India. However, a limited amount of data is available on the current circulating genotypes of HMPV in India.

Methods
Throat swab samples positive for HMPV by real-time RT- PCR, archived at Manipal Institute of Virology as a part of a hospital-based acute febrile illness surveillance study, was used from April 2016 to August 2018 by purposive sampling method. We performed the conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for twenty samples targeting the G gene and then subjected them to sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was done using MEGA X software by the Maximum Likelihood method.

Results
All the twenty sequences belonged to the A2c subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from the study have genetic relation with circulating strains in Japan, China and Croatia. Seven out of the twenty sequences showed 180-nucleotide duplication and eleven sequences showed 111-nucleotide duplication. Two sequences did not show any duplications.

Conclusion
In the current study, we report that A2c is the sub-lineage in India from April 2016 to August 2018. This study is the first retrospective study reporting the circulation of the A2c sub-lineage among adults in India with 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications in the G gene of human metapneumovirus.
The management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum
Authors: Maher Jacqueline Yano , Gomez-Lobo Veronica , Merke Deborah P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of steroidogenesis of the adrenal cortex, most commonly due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Although women with CAH have decreased fecundity, they are able to conceive; thus, if pregnancy is not desired, contraception options should be offered. If fertility is desired, women with classic CAH should first optimize glucocorticoid treatment, followed by ovulation induction medications and gonadotropins if needed. Due to the possible pregnancy complications and implications on the offspring, preconception genetic testing and counseling with a high-risk obstetrics specialist is recommended. For couples trying to avoid having a child with CAH, care with a reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialist to utilize in vitro fertilization can be offered, with or without preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders. Prenatal screening and diagnosis options during pregnancy include maternal serum cell free-DNA for sex of the baby, and chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis for diagnosis of CAH. Pregnant women with classic CAH need glucocorticoids to be adjusted during the pregnancy, at the time of delivery, and postpartum, and should be monitored for adrenal crisis. Maternal and fetal risks may include chorioamnionitis, maternal hypertension, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, and small for gestational age infants. This review on CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency highlights reproductive health including genetic transmission, contraception options, glucocorticoid management, fertility treatments, as well as testing, antenatal monitoring, and management during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum.
An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals
Authors: Samir Haney , ElSayed Mohamed I. , Radwan Faten , Hedia Mohamed , Hendawy Hanan , Hendawy Amin Omar , Elbadawy Mohamed , Watanabe Gen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In all organs, control of blood flow is important but might be particularly critical for testicular functions. This is because of the very low oxygen concentration and high metabolic rate of the seminiferous tubules, the physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity. Many factors affect the characteristics of TBF in farm and companion animals, such as environment (thermal and seasonal effects) and physiological (species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity). Thermal environment stress has detrimental effects on spermatogenesis and consequently has more serious impacts on both human and animal fertility. Numerous studies have been performed to assess TBF in different animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with varied results. Hence, assessment of TBF by Doppler ultrasonography is of great importance to estimate the effect of high environment temperature on testicular functions. Also, differences observed in the TBF may result from different technical aspects such as the identification of the segment of the testicular artery to be examined. In the current review, we focused on the imperative roles of TBF in various animal species. Besides, we discussed in detail various factors that could affect TBF. These factors can significantly modify the TBF and thus should be considered when establishing reference values in farm animals for better clinical diagnosis. The information provided in this review is valuable for researchers and veterinarians to help them a better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the proper evaluation of breeding soundness examination in males.
ER-Protein Creld kontrolliert die Bildung von ROS in den Mitochondrien
Authors: Kucharowski Nicole , Bülow Margret H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria interact and exchange material in healthy neurons. Mutants for the ER protein Creld show strong, Parkinson’s disease-like locomotion deficits. We found that Creld facilitates phospholipid flux at the ER-mitochondria interface, thereby enabling the formation of hydrogen peroxide at respiratory complex I, which is required for dopaminergic neuron activity.
Mindfulness-Based Pain Management (MBPM) for Chronic Pain: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pérez-Fernández José Ignacio , Salaberria Karmele , Ruiz de Ocenda Álvaro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Chronic
pain affects 1 in 5 Europeans, with a prevalence in Spain of 11%. It is one of the main causes of medical consultation and is associated with high personal, social, and economic costs with diverse psychological repercussions. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of psychological therapies in the treatment of chronic pain, including mindfulness-based therapies. In this regard, mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM) has evidenced significant positive changes in patients with chronic pain, but so far, no RCT study has been conducted. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore the results of the MBPM program with chronic pain patients. Additionally, we will analyze the differential efficacy of the MBPM program on fibromyalgia versus non-fibromyalgia chronic pain patients.

Methods
Ninety patients with chronic pain were randomized to experimental group MBPM (50 patients) and wait-list control group (40 patients) and assessed at pre- and post-treatment in demographic and pain-related variables, psychopathological symptoms, cognitive variables, resilience, and quality of life.

Results
Findings showed moderate to large effects in favor of the experimental group in pain management and acceptance, use of analgesics, psychopathological symptoms, general negative thoughts, self-blame, mental-health-related quality of life, and resilience. Non-fibromyalgia chronic pain patients benefited significantly more than participants with fibromyalgia.

Conclusions
The positive impact of the MBPM program on critical variables related to chronic pain provides evidence of its efficacy, which could be enhanced with the inclusion of complementary therapeutic CBT components to address sleep problems, need for control, and rumination.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03992612).
Quantifying acid diversion efficiency through NMR tortuosity measurements
Authors: Elsayed Mahmoud , BinGhanim Ahmed , Aljawad Murtada Saleh , El-Husseiny Ammar , Al-Abdrabalnabi Ridha , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe diversion efficiency measures the acid capacity to change its flow direction to the lower permeability reservoir sections. A good acid diverter creates a tortuous (zigzagged) wormhole within the acidized core sample in a laboratory setup. Here, we studied two different acid diverters compared to the conventional hydrochloric acid (HCl) to investigate their efficiency in changing the wormhole direction inside the rock core. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to measure the 3D tortuosity of a rock sample; hence, we propose it as a tool to measure acid diversion efficiency because it can be applied in the field and in the laboratory. Two acid systems were utilized: straight 15 wt.% HCl acid and gelled acid consisting of 15 wt.% HCl acid and polyacrylamide polymer (PAM). Four coreflooding experiments were conducted on 1.5 inch-diameter × 3 inch-length Indiana limestone samples, two with straight HCl acid and two with gelled HCl acid at different PAM concentrations. NMR was utilized to measure the T2 distribution of the rock samples and diffusion tortuosity in two orthogonal directions. Also, X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the acidized samples was taken to visualize the wormholes. Results showed that the polymer-based acid-created zigzagged paths, and more acid volume was consumed to create the wormholes using CT. NMR diffusion tortuosity measurements showed that the tortuosity was reduced along the wormhole direction in all experiments. Nevertheless, the gelled acid treatments showed a significant reduction of the tortuosity orthogonal to the main wormhole path. The diversion efficiency of the 50 lbm/ 1000 gal PAM-gelled acid was 35% higher compared to the straight HCl acid. On the contrary, the 30 lbm/ 1000 gal PAM-gelled acid gave only 10% improvement in the diversion. The index could screen quantitatively which diverting acid is more efficient. We introduced a new diversion index based on the NMR diffusion measurements in this study to quantify the diversion capacity of an acid system in carbonate rock.
Sensitivity and specificity of monocyte distribution width (MDW) in detecting patients with infection and sepsis in patients on sepsis pathway in the emergency department
Authors: Cusinato Martina , Sivayoham Narani , Planche Timothy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeMonocyte distribution width (MDW) is a biomarker for the early identification of sepsis. We assessed its accuracy in patients presenting with suspected sepsis in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis was a single gate, single centre study in consecutive adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to the ED with suspected sepsis and clinical history compatible with infection, between 01 January and 31 December 2020 (n = 2570).ResultsThe overall median MDW was 22.0 (IQR 19.3, 25.6). Using Sepsis-3 (qSOFA) to define sepsis, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) relationship was 0.59 (95% CI 0.56, 0.61). Discrimination was similar using other clinical scores, and to that of C-reactive protein. At an MDW cutoff of 20.0, sensitivity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.73, 0.80) and specificity 0.35 (95% CI 0.33, 0.37) for Sepsis-3. MDW showed better performance to discriminate infection, with AUC 0.72 (95% CI 0.69, 0.75). At MDW 20.0, sensitivity for infection was 0.72 (95% CI 0.70, 0.74) and specificity 0.64 (95% CI 0.59, 0.70). A sensitivity analysis excluding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admissions (n = 552) had no impact on the AUC. MDW distribution at admission was similar for bacteraemia and COVID-19.ConclusionsIn this population of ED admissions with a strong clinical suspicion of sepsis, MDW had a performance to identify sepsis comparable to that of other commonly used biomarkers. In this setting, MDW could be a useful additional marker of infection.
Reconceiving Reproductive Health Systems: Caring for Trans, Nonbinary, and Gender-Expansive People During Pregnancy and Childbirth
Authors: Kukura Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the barriers to quality health care for transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people (TGE) who become pregnant and give birth, identifying three central themes that emerge from the literature. These insights suggest that significant reform will be necessary to ensure access to safe, appropriate, gender-affirming care for childbearing TGE people. After illustrating the need for systemic changes that untether rigid gender norms from the provision of perinatal care, the article proposes that the Midwives Model of Care offers a set of values and clinical practices that are well-suited to meet the needs of many TGE patients during pregnancy and childbirth and which should be incorporated into the healthcare system more broadly.
Improving “Life Chances”: Surveying the Anti-Transgender Backlash, and Offering a Transgender Equity Impact Assessment Tool for Policy Analysis
Authors: Kinney M. Killian , Pearson Taylor E. , Ralston Aoki Julie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransgender inclusion within policy is critical yet often missing. We propose a policy tool to assesses human rights, access to resources and opportunities, language, and implications for transgender and nonbinary individuals. Acknowledging trans communities as standard policy practice can serve as an essential practice to shift dialogue and norms.
State Laws for Autonomous Vehicle Safety, Equity, and Insurance
Authors: Ehsani Johnathon P. , Hellinger Andrew , Stephens Daniel K. , Shin Mi Ran , Michael Jeffrey , McCourt Alexander , Vernick Jon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article reviews existing state laws related to autonomous vehicle (AV) safety, equity, and automobile insurance. Thirty states were identified with relevant legislation. Of these, most states had one or two relevant laws in place. Many of these laws were related to safety and insurance requirements. Data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these laws in order to guide further policy development.
The Use and Ethics of Digital Twins in Medicine
Authors: Iqbal Jeffrey David , Krauthammer Michael , Biller-Andorno Nikola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDigital Health Technologies (DHTs) are currently the subject of much debate both in terms of their technological frontiers as well as their ethical, legal and societal implications (ELSI). Regulation of such technologies as medical devices currently lacks behind their level of adoption. Digital Twins are the next evolution step of such DHTs and provide an opportunity to anticipate and act on ELSI before adoption again leaps before the necessary review. This paper introduces the concept and use cases of digital twins in medicine, then frames the debate through the lens of related technologies, machine learning and personalized medicine, and maps ethical challenges stemming from those. Finally, we lay out how digital twins may change and challenge the future practice of medicine.
A qualitative exploration of adolescents’ experiences of digital Dialectical Behaviour Therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ramzan Natasha , Dixey Rebecca , Morris Andre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe UK government implemented national social-distancing measures in response to the global COVID19 pandemic. As a result, many appointments in the National Health Service (NHS) took place virtually, including psychological interventions in out-patient settings. This study explored the experiences of adolescents participating in a dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT-A) programme via teletherapy (i.e. via video or telephone call) in a Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). Thirteen adolescents with emotion dysregulation and related problems completed an online qualitative survey about their experience and acceptance of DBT-A delivered virtually. Thematic analysis was conducted on the survey data and generated three over-arching themes: (1) sense of loss; (2) feeling uncontained; and (3) benefits of virtual DBT. These over-arching themes were composed of eight subthemes (‘loss of connection with group and therapist’; ‘loss of skills-building opportunities’; ‘limited privacy’; ‘lack of safe therapy space’; ‘difficult endings’; ‘home comforts’; ‘convenience and accessibility’; and ‘easier to participate with others’). This study suggests that adolescents doing virtual DBT-A need approaches that acknowledge and address the additional relational, emotional and practical challenges of online therapy while maintaining fidelity to the evidence-based treatment model. Suggestions for further research and preliminary practice guidelines are discussed.Key learning aims(1)To learn about the experiences of adolescents participating in a DBT programme for adolescents (DBT-A) conducted virtually, including the challenges and benefits they identified.(2)To learn about implications for clinical practice and future research directions.