bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can medical students do anything useful to support the antimicrobial resistance agenda?
Authors: Launer David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a current and future challenge for patients and clinicians, but the role of medical students in combating AMR is not well established. The most important role for students would be supporting the agenda of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), which is an effective and evidence-based set of actions that mitigate the emergence of resistance. Medical students can be seen as unlikely activists, who have a strong track record of becoming activists for other causes. If they could extend this activist role to AMR/AMS, they could have outsized impact. In order to achieve this, it is imperative that students begin to organize in their own institutions, in collaboration with those working in other disciplines.
Effects of limestone solubility on the efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant to improve mineral digestibility, retention, and bone ash in young broilers fed low-calcium diets containing no added inorganic phosphate
Authors: Bello Abiodun , Kwakernaak Cees , Dersjant-Li Yueming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of limestone solubility on the capacity of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to improve phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility, retention, and utilization in low-Ca broiler diets containing no added inorganic phosphate (Pi). Male Ross 308 broilers (n = 1,152) were fed one of 16 experimental diets from 11 to 21 d of age in a randomized complete design (12 birds/cage, 6 cages/treatment). Diets comprised three positive controls (PC3, PC2, and PC1) containing 1.8, 1.2, or 0.6 g/kg MCP-P and 7.7, 7.0, or 6.2 g/kg Ca, respectively, and a negative control (NC) containing no added Pi (4.4 g/kg P; 2.8 g/kg phytate-P) and 5.5 g/kg Ca from either low or high solubility limestone (LSL or HSL, respectively, [with 42% and 97% solubility after 5 min at pH 3.0]), supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Fecal samples collected on days 18 to 20 and ileal digesta collected on day 21 were analyzed for titanium dioxide, Ca, P, and phytate (IP6, inositol hexakisphosphate). Tibias (day 21) were analyzed for ash content. Data were analyzed by factorial analysis (2 limestone solubilities × 4 MCP-P levels and 2 limestone solubilities × 5 phytase dose levels) and exponential regression. Increasing dose levels of PhyG resulted in an exponential increase (P &lt; 0.01) in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P, ileal digestible P content of the diet, ileal IP6 content, and IP6 disappearance in birds fed either HSL or LSL diets, but AID Ca and ileal digestible Ca were exponentially increased by the phytase only in HSL diets (P &lt; 0.01). Relative to HSL, the LSL increased AID P, ileal digestible P, and IP6 disappearance (P &lt; 0.05) but reduced AID Ca, ileal digestible Ca, and retainable Ca (P &lt; 0.05), resulting in reduced retainable P and tibia ash. Phytase exponentially increased the apparent total tract digestibility of P, retainable P, and tibia ash in HSL and LSL diets, but at or above 500 FTU/kg values were higher in HSL than LSL (interaction P &lt; 0.05). The findings highlight that phytase dose–response effects on mineral digestibility and utilization are different for high- and low-solubility limestones, and it is therefore recommended to use digestible rather than total Ca content during diet formulation to ensure an optimal balance of Ca and P, especially in low-Ca diets. In diets containing HSL, higher phytase dose levels may be needed to compensate for the low digestible P content of the basal diet.
Shifts in bacterial communities in the rumen, vagina, and uterus of beef heifers receiving different levels of concentrate
Authors: Pickett Autumn T , Cooke Reinaldo F , Mackey Shea J , Brandão Alice P , Colombo Eduardo A , Oliveira Filho Ramiro V , de Melo Gabriela Dalmaso , Pohler Ky G , Poole Rebecca K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine microbiota of beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included diets based on (as-fed) 100% grass hay (HF), 60% grass hay + 40% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% body weight. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine samples were collected on days 0 and 28 of each period. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic), using results from day 0 as independent covariates and heifer as the experimental unit. Ruminal pH on day 28 decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as concentrate inclusion increased. Uterine and vaginal pH on day 28 were not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.35). Within the rumen samples, Bacteriodetes was the most abundant phylum and its relative abundance linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Prevotella was the most abundant genus within the rumen but was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.44). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% (average across treatments) in the rumen that were impacted by treatments (P ≤ 0.01) included Bacteroides, Pedobacter, Dysgonomonas, Caloramator, and Ruminococcus. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the vagina and uterus, but it was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.16). Prevotella was the most abundant genus in the vagina, and its relative abundance increased (P &lt; 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Other genera with relative abundance ≥1% that were significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments were Clostridium, Pedobacter, Roseburia, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Caloramator, Paludibacter, Rhodothermus, and Porphyromonas. In uterine samples, Prevotella was the most abundant genus but was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% in the uterus that were significantly affected (P &lt; 0.01) by treatments were Caloramator, Paludibacter, and Thalassospira. Collectively, inclusion of concentrate in the diet altered the bacterial composition within the rumen as well as shifting bacterial populations within the vagina and uterus. Research is warranted to further understand the impacts of these diet-induced microbiota changes on reproductive function and performance of beef heifers.
Utility of multi-omics data to inform genomic prediction of heifer fertility traits
Authors: Tahir Muhammad S , Porto-Neto Laercio R , Reverter-Gomez Toni , Olasege Babatunde S , Sajid Mirza R , Wockner Kimberley B , Tan Andre W L , Fortes Marina R S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiologically informed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact genomic prediction accuracy of the target traits. Our previous genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics work identified candidate genes related to puberty and fertility in Brahman heifers. We aimed to test this biological information for capturing heritability and predicting heifer fertility traits in another breed i.e., Tropical Composite. The SNP from the identified genes including 10 kilobases (kb) region on either side were selected as biologically informed SNP set. The SNP from the rest of the Bos taurus genes including 10-kb region on either side were selected as biologically uninformed SNP set. Bovine high-density (HD) complete SNP set (628,323 SNP) was used as a control. Two populations—Tropical Composites (N = 1331) and Brahman (N = 2310)—had records for three traits: pregnancy after first mating season (PREG1, binary), first conception score (FCS, score 1 to 3), and rebreeding score (REB, score 1 to 3.5). Using the best linear unbiased prediction method, effectiveness of each SNP set to predict the traits was tested in two scenarios: a 5-fold cross-validation within Tropical Composites using biological information from Brahman studies, and application of prediction equations from one breed to the other. The accuracy of prediction was calculated as the correlation between genomic estimated breeding values and adjusted phenotypes. Results show that biologically informed SNP set estimated heritabilities not significantly better than the control HD complete SNP set in Tropical Composites; however, it captured all the observed genetic variance in PREG1 and FCS when modeled together with the biologically uninformed SNP set. In 5-fold cross-validation within Tropical Composites, the biologically informed SNP set performed marginally better (statistically insignificant) in terms of prediction accuracies (PREG1: 0.20, FCS: 0.13, and REB: 0.12) as compared to HD complete SNP set (PREG1: 0.17, FCS: 0.10, and REB: 0.11), and biologically uninformed SNP set (PREG1: 0.16, FCS: 0.10, and REB: 0.11). Across-breed use of prediction equations still remained a challenge: accuracies by all SNP sets dropped to around zero for all traits. The performance of biologically informed SNP was not significantly better than other sets in Tropical Composites. However, results indicate that biological information obtained from Brahman was successful to predict the fertility traits in Tropical Composite population.
Breast Cancer Among Transgender and Nonbinary Patients: Paradigms for Improving Data Collection and Inclusion in Breast Imaging Settings
Authors: Ly David , Hoyt Anne C , Weimer Amy , Chang Emery H , Capiro Nina , Xie Christine , Chow Lucy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer incidence among transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals is not well characterized owing to the absence of robust data collection among this patient population. Consequently, breast cancer risks are largely unknown, and screening guidelines are not based on robust evidence. Additionally, TGNB patients experience barriers to access health care. A first step in improving data collection, research, and ultimately care of TGNB individuals is the identification of group members and demonstration to patients that our breast imaging centers are champions of LGBTQ+ health. At our institution, patients who present for breast imaging complete an iPad-administered breast imaging history and breast cancer risk assessment survey. Using the modified Tyrer-Cuzick model, the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is estimated, and additional key history that may impact breast care and future breast imaging is collected. Under the previous clinic workflow, patients are identified as either “male” or “female” and complete a corresponding gender-specific survey. To improve care, we revised the survey using gender-inclusive language and developed four versions to allow patients to separately self-report their sex assigned at birth and gender identity. Relevant queries relating to hormone use and gender-affirming chest/breast surgery that are concordant with six gender-identity groups were added. Long-term collection of these inclusive data by imaging centers has the potential to enhance the data set available to improve breast care and better understand breast cancer risk and outcomes among TGNB populations.
Occurrence of the Sylvatic Yellow Fever Vector Mosquito Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest Fragment of the Touristic State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Silva Shayenne Olsson Freitas , de Mello Cecilia Ferreira , Érico Guimarães Anthony , José Leite Paulo , Alencar Jeronimo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The yellow fever virus is estimated to cause 30,000 deaths each year worldwide, with the majority of cases and deaths occurring in Africa. The virus is also endemic to Central and South America, including northern and western Brazil. The sylvatic cycle of the virus is related to wild and rural areas, with nonhuman primates as the primary host and wild mosquitoes, specifically from the genera Haemagogus, as vectors. The diversity of the mosquito community plays a significant role in the increase of pathogen transmission to humans. In the present study, we detected fluctuation in populations of vector mosquitoes using ovitraps for Culicidae egg collection. The study area is a forest fragment of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in Brazil. This biome has been suffering significant deforestation due to anthropic activity. Worryingly, the proximity of human populations to forest environments increases the risk of spreading disease from forest fragments to urban areas. Our findings showed that the highest egg abundance occurred in December 2019, with a significant difference (p = 0.005) between rainy and dry seasons. Most eggs were collected during the rainy period. Subsequent quantification of specimens from epidemiologically relevant species hatched from field-collected eggs resulted in 1,131 (86%) Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924), 111 (8%) Aedes terrens (Walker, 1856), 47 (4%) Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), and 21 (2%) Haemagogus janthinomys (Dyar, 1921). Finally, we assessed the behavior of different vector species performing oviposition on the same breeding site. The highest correlation coefficient was observed between Ae. albopictus and Ae. terrens (rho = 0.52) concerning other Culicidae species. Therefore, we believe that Culicidae population surveillance is crucial for disease monitoring since the increase in specimens of a number of vector species influences the emergence of yellow fever cases in nonhuman primates and human populations.
Climbing the Velvet Drainpipe: Class Background and Career Progression within the UK Civil Service
Authors: Friedman Sam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although the theory of representative bureaucracy originates from concerns about the class composition of the public sector workforce, questions of class background have been notably absent in subsequent scholarship. In this article, I take advantage of new data on the class backgrounds of UK civil servants (N = 308, 566) to, first, explore descriptively how class shapes the composition of the civil service, both vertically in terms of occupational grade and horizontally in terms of department, location, and profession. I show that those from working-class backgrounds are not only under-represented in the Civil Service as a whole but also this skew is particularly acute in propulsive departments like the Treasury, locations like London and in the Senior Civil Service. This initial descriptive analysis then acts as the staging point for the central qualitative component of my analysis, drawing on 104 in-depth interviews across 4 case-study departments. Here, I identify three unwritten rules of career progression that tend to act as barriers for those from working-class backgrounds; access to accelerator jobs; organizational ambiguity in promotion processes; and sorting into operational (versus policy) tracks that have progression bottlenecks. This analysis highlights the need for more work on class representation, as well as underlining how representative bureaucracy may be impeded by patterns of horizontal as well as vertical segregation, particularly in work areas that have an outsized influence on policy design.
How can Mexican migrants reduce the risk of being abandoned by smugglers while clandestinely crossing the US–Mexico border?
Authors: Hernández Campos Carlos , Torre Cantalapiedra Eduardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the abandonments of Mexican migrants by their smugglers while crossing clandestinely the US–Mexico border. Drawing on the Emif-Norte survey, we examine the diversity of forms of abandonments and their adverse impacts to migrants while crossing the border; we discuss the agency capacity of migrants to anticipate and control the migration process in order to manage the risks of clandestine travel; and we use a logistic regression model to analyze the role played by the selection of the smuggler and the physical fitness of migrants in the risk of migrants to be abandoned by smugglers. Our findings suggest the presence of migrants with profiles vulnerable to abandonment (i.e. women, not having previous migration experience to the USA, hiring smugglers in border towns, or paying low smuggler fees), and preventive and protective strategies to reduce such risk (i.e. hiring smugglers in the place of origin, physical training prior to the journey or traveling accompanied by family members and friends), which are within the reach of some migrants more than others.
Promoting Military Women’s Health Through Research Design
Authors: Iobst Stacey E , Best Natasha , Smith Denise C , Phillips Major Angela K , Wilson Candy , Trego Lori 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Although active duty women (ADW) represent over 17% of the total U.S. Armed Forces, there are few evidence-based guidelines to promote the health of women who serve in contemporary military roles. The existing body of evidence does not support guideline development because much of the evidence is not generalizable to ADW. The authors of this commentary recently conducted seven scoping reviews of the literature relevant to ADW’s health and healthcare. While completing the literature reviews, it was noted that a substantial proportion of military studies either do not include ADW as research participants or fail to examine findings according to sex and/or active duty status. The authors of this commentary outline a rigorous, step-by-step approach to research design in which ADW are accounted for at every stage of the process. Furthermore, this team of authors identifies opportunities for key stakeholders to provide oversight of the research process to ensure rigorous methodology that includes ADW. Implementing these strategies is critical to building the evidence on which to support the health and healthcare of ADW, who represent a substantial and growing component of the U.S. Military. Optimizing the health of this population is critical to maintaining the strength and readiness of our U.S. Armed Forces.
The multiwavelength afterglow emission of magnetar giant flare-like event GRB 200415A
Authors: Li Hua-Yang , He Hao-Ning , Wei Da-Ming , Jin Zhi-Ping 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Giant flares are the brightest and rarest outbursts from magnetars, with isotropic energies of 1044–1046 erg. GRB 200415A is suggested as a magnetar giant flare from NGC 253. Fermi Large Area Telescope detected the GeV afterglow emission from the flare, which is the first time that the GeV emission is detected from a giant flare. In this paper, we study the multiwavelength afterglow radiation of electrons accelerated by the forward and reverse shocks, produced via interactions between the ejecta and the circumburst medium in the afterglow phase of GRB 200415A. We found that in the GeV band, the forward shock emission is usually higher than the reverse shock emission, and can explain observations well, while in the optical and infrared bands, contributions from the forward and reverse shocks can be comparable for reasonable parameter sets, and the brightness of the forward-shock emission can reach 20 mag (AB). We predict that future telescopes such as Wide Field Survey Telescope, Chinese Space Station Telescope, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, and James Webb Space Telescope can detect the optical and infrared afterglow emission from giant flares similar to GRB 200415A. In addition, we consider two cases where the ejecta are dominated by protons or electron–positron pairs. We find that the reverse shock emission is comparable in these two cases for a hard electron spectrum, while for a soft electron spectrum, the reverse shock emission is much weaker in the pair-dominating case..
Inner third-body perturbations including the inclination and eccentricity of the perturbing body
Authors: Cinelli Marco 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In the field of the orbital perturbations dealt with an approach based on the mean orbital elements theory, the outer third-body gravitational attraction has been widely investigated. On the contrary, since it represents a less common case in the Solar system, the inner third-body perturbation has only recently been considered. The aim of this paper is to provide a more rigorous formulation of the inner third-body perturbation using a double-averaged analytical model. The disturbing potential function of the inner third-body is expanded in Legendre polynomials up to the second order. Afterwards, it is averaged first with respect to the orbital period of the disturbing body and then with respect to the orbital period of the probe. This procedure eliminates the short periodic motion terms. By applying to the double-averaged disturbing potential, the Lagrange planetary equations, the equations which describe the long-term and the secular variations of the classical orbital elements have been obtained: they present an analogy with those related to the planetary oblateness. Lastly, several cases of inner third-body perturbation in the Solar system are discussed, with the conclusion that this is a disturbance of relevance for binary asteroidal systems.
Global accretion properties of black hole X-ray binaries: A phenomenological perspective
Authors: Jana Arghajit 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) show rich phenomenology in the spectral and timing properties. We collected the spectral data of 20 BHXBs from the literature across different spectral states. The spectral properties are studied in the forms of the inner disc temperature (Tin), photon index (Γ), hot electron temperature (kTe), X-ray flux (FX), and luminosity (LX). We studied various correlations among different spectral parameters to understand the accretion process on a global scale. In the thermal soft states (TSS), we find most of the sources followed $F_{\rm disc} \propto T_{\rm in}^4$ relation. A ‘V’-shaped correlation is found between Γ and total luminosity (Ltot) in the hard Comptonized state (HCS). The Comptonized luminosity is observed to be correlated with the disc luminosity in the HCS and TSS. No notable correlation is observed in the intermediate state (IMS). The evolution of the inner disc radius (Rin) is unclear in the HCS and IMS. We also discuss how the hot electron temperature changes with other spectral parameters. We observe that the iron line flux correlates with disc and Comptonized fluxes. The strength of the reprocessed emission is found to vary across spectral states.
Establishing the accuracy of asteroseismic mass and radius estimates of giant stars – II. Revised stellar masses and radii for KIC 8430105
Authors: Thomsen J S , Brogaard K , Arentoft T , Slumstrup D , Lund M N , Grundahl F , Miglio A , Jessen-Hansen J , Frandsen S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismic scaling relations can provide high-precision measurements of mass and radius for red giant (RG) stars displaying solar-like oscillations. Their accuracy can be validated and potentially improved using independent and accurate observations of mass, radius, effective temperature and metallicity. We seek to achieve this using long period SB2 eclipsing binaries hosting oscillating RGs. We explore KIC 8430105, for which a previous study found significant asteroseismic overestimation of mass and radius when compared with eclipsing binary measurements. We measured dynamical masses and radii for both components to be significantly lower than previously established, increasing the discrepancy between asteroseismic and dynamical measurements. Our dynamical measurements of the RG component were compared to corresponding measurements of mass and radius using asteroseismic scaling relations. Uncorrected scaling relations overestimated the mass of the RG by $26{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, the radius by $11{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and the average density by $7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, in agreement with studies for other systems. However, using a theoretical correction to Δν, we managed to obtain an asteroseismic average density that is 1σ consistent with our dynamical result. We obtained several measurements of νmax that are not fully consistent. With νmax = 76.78 ± 0.81 $\mu$Hz, the Δν correction provided 2σ consistent mass and radius for the giant. The age of the system was estimated to be 3.7 ± 0.4 Gyr.