bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of patent assertion entities on inventor behavior
Authors: Chari Mukund , Steensma H. Kevin , Connaughton Charles , Heidl Ralph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch summaryPatent assertion entities (PAEs) are intermediaries that acquire patents from inventors and license them to firms that use the intellectual property to develop products. We consider how PAE intermediation influences inventor behavior by reducing the costs to monetize their inventions. Using a proprietary dataset that tracks PAE lawsuits, we find that, as PAE intermediation for a given class of technologies increases, larger numbers of focused inventors (i.e., small firms, universities, and labs) that typically lack commercializing capabilities begin to produce inventions in this class. Further, we find that, compared to their larger counterparts, focused inventors are particularly responsive to increasing PAE intermediation by producing greater numbers of inventions, albeit inventions that likely advance the state of the art only incrementally.Managerial summaryPatent assertion entities (PAEs) serve as brokers of intellectual property by purchasing patents from inventors and licensing these patents to firms that develop products based on them. We investigate how PAE brokerage activities influence inventors. We find that as PAEs become more active in a particular class of patents, inventors who lack commercialization capabilities (e.g., small firms, universities, and research labs) are particularly prone to both begin patenting and increase their rate of producing patented inventions in this patent class. We also find, however, that as PAEs become more active in a given patent class, patented inventions produced by inventors lacking commercialization capabilities are increasingly incremental in nature as compared to patented inventions produced by larger firms that commercialize products.
Observing Mesoscopic Nucleic Acid Capacitance Effect and Mismatch Impact via Graphene Transistors
Authors: Zhang Mingfeng , Li Zhibo , Jia Yuan , Wang Fuquan , Tian Jinpeng , Zhang Cuiping , Han Tingting , Xing Ruiqing , Ye Weixiang , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work reports a molecular‐scale capacitance effect of the double helical nucleic acid duplex structure for the first time. By quantitatively conducting large sample measurements of the electrostatic field effect using a type of high‐accuracy graphene transistor biosensor, an unusual charge‐transport behavior is observed in which the end‐immobilized nucleic acid duplexes can store a part of ionization electrons like molecular capacitors, other than electric conductors. To elucidate this discovery, a cascaded capacitive network model is proposed as a novel equivalent circuit of nucleic acid duplexes, expanding the point‐charge approximation model, by which the partial charge‐transport observation is reasonably attributed to an electron‐redistribution behavior within the capacitive network. Furthermore, it is experimentally confirmed that base‐pair mismatches hinder the charge transport in double helical duplexes, and lead to directly identifiable alterations in electrostatic field effects. The bioelectronic principle of mismatch impact is also self‐consistently explained by the newly proposed capacitive network model. The mesoscopic nucleic acid capacitance effect may enable a new kind of label‐free nucleic acid analysis tool based on electronic transistor devices. The in situ and real‐time nucleic acid detections for virus biomarkers, somatic mutations, and genome editing off‐target may thus be predictable.
Using composition trees to matching software requirements—An external agency's approach to support software acquisition
Authors: Zhang Shaoyang , Wen Lian , Anwer Sajid , Liu Baoxing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo improve their competitiveness, companies should acquire the latest software systems. However, many small or medium‐sized companies might not be able to afford a proper software acquisition process without the resource and technical support essential for acquiring the right software system. This article proposes a meta‐process, software acquisition with an external agent (SAEA), that includes a new industry role, external agent, to substitute for that support. SAEA will significantly reduce the cost of the software acquisition process. For implementing SAEA, the authors also introduce composition trees as a modelling language to collect, integrate, and compare all software requirements from different stakeholders and to identify issues during the software acquisition process. Finally, a real industry case study, for which this process has been successfully implemented, has been provided to illustrate our approach.
Effective recycling of end‐of‐life polyvinyl chloride foams in ethylene–propylene diene monomers rubber
Authors: Mahmood Haroon , Nart Fabiano , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRigid cross‐linked interpenetrated network polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams are widely used as core materials in the composite industry. Nevertheless, no recycling methods exist today for these materials that are currently landfilled at the end of life (EoL). In this work, various amounts of EoL PVC cross‐linked foams in the form of chips were mixed with ethylene–propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and carbon black (CB) at 60°C for 15 min. The obtained rubber mixtures were vulcanized at 160°C for 20 min to create compacted square sheets of EPDM‐CB‐PVC composites using compression molding technique. Tensile tests revealed a progressive increase in modulus of EPDM‐CB with increasing PVC content while a subsequent decrease of the elongation‐at‐break values of the composites was noticed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous dispersion of PVC particles with the EPDM‐CB matrix. Improved interfacial adhesion of filler in the matrix was also observed at higher PVC content as well. Hardness tests revealed an increased Shore A values by 25% with added PVC waste in EPDM‐CB. Concurrently, a steady increase in compression set was observed in the rubber composites with the added PVC filler. Additionally, due to added filler, thermal conductivity was decreased by 35% compared to pure EPDM‐CB.
Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zhu Jingmin , Li Jiana , Chapman Emma C. , Shi Huahong , Ciocan Corina M. , Chen Kai , Shi Xiaodong , Zhou JunLiang , Sun Peiying , Zheng Yueyao , Rotchell Jeanette M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis preliminary survey analysed mussel atresia incidences, estrogen-responsive and apoptotic-specific molecular end points, and aqueous and gonadal levels of selected estrogens from the East China coast. Estrogen levels were low (e.g. < LOD-28.36 ng/L, < LOD-3.88 ng/g wet weight of tissue for BPA) relative to worldwide freshwater environments, but high oocyte follicle atresia incidences (up to 26.6%) occurred at selected sites. Expression of estrogen-responsive ER2 was significantly increased in males relative to females at sites with high atresia incidences in females. A second estrogen-responsive gene, V9, was significantly increased at two sites in April in females relative to males; the opposite was true for the remaining two sites. Apoptosis-specific genes (Bcl-2, fas) showed elevated expression in males relative to females at the site with the highest atresia incidence. These results provide coastal estrogen levels and the utility of several estrogen-specific molecular-level markers for marine mussels.
Higher healing rate after meniscal repair with concomitant ACL reconstruction for tears located in vascular zone 1 compared to zone 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gerritsen L. M. , van der Lelij T. J. N. , van Schie P. , Fiocco M. , van Arkel E. R. A. , Zuurmond R. G. , Keereweer S. , van Driel P. B. A. A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the percentage of completely healed meniscal tears after arthroscopic repair combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for the different vascular zones of the meniscus.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Emcare were searched on 19 May 2020 for articles reporting healing rates after arthroscopic meniscal repair with concomitant ACLR for the different meniscal vascular zones as assessed by second-look arthroscopy. Data on meniscal tears were extracted as located in zones 1, 2 or 3, according to the Cooper classification. Studies were graded in quality using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled analyses were performed utilizing a random-effects model. Meta-analyses were performed using R version 3.6.2 and SPSS statistical software version 25.0. The study was registered with PROSPERO (ID:CRD42020176175).

Results
Ten observational cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, accounting for 758 meniscal tear repairs in total. The pooled overall proportion of healing was 78% (95% CI 72–84%). The mean weighted proportion of healing was 83% (95% CI 76–90%) for studies (n = 10) reporting zone 1 tears and 69% (95% CI 59–79%) for studies (n = 9) reporting zone 2 tears. No study reported healing rates for zone 3 tears. The pooled overall odds ratio was 2.5 (95% CI 1.00−6.02), indicating zone 1 tears as 2.5 times more likely to heal than zone 2 tears.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that meniscal tears localized in vascular zone 1 were more likely to heal than those in zone 2.

Level of evidence
IV.
Therapeutic effect of an ayahuasca analogue in clinically depressed patients: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: van Oorsouw Kim , Toennes S. W. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Studies have suggested mental health improvements following the use of the psychotropic plant concoction ayahuasca in non-clinical and clinical samples.

Objectives
The present observational study assessed depressive symptomatology in 20 clinically depressed patients (symptom score > 13 on the Beck’s Depression Inventory) before attendance of an ayahuasca ceremony and 1 month and 1 year after. Secondary measures included ratings of altered states of consciousness and ego dissolution during the ayahuasca ceremony as well as global measures of mindfulness, satisfaction with life, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results
Twenty participants completed baseline and 1-day follow-up, 19 completed measures at 1-month follow-up, and 17 completed measures at 1-year follow-up. BDI scores reduced from baseline (M = 22.7) to all post-ceremony measures (Ms 11.45, 12.89, and 8.88, for 1-day, 1-month, and 1-year follow-up, respectively). After 1 day, 12/20 participants were in remission (BDI < 13). Remission rates after 1 month and 1 year were 13/19 and 12/17, respectively. Three participants remained mildly depressed (BDI 14–19) at the 1-month and 1-year follow-up. Two participants did not respond and remained at a moderate/severe level of depression at 1-year follow-up. Reductions on the secondary mental health measures and increases in mindfulness and satisfaction with life were found up to 1 year post-ceremony. Improvements in clinical depression and mental health correlated with levels of experienced ego dissolution and oceanic boundlessness during the ceremony up to 1 month after the ceremony. Engagement in additional mental health treatments or use of another psychedelic during study participation may have contributed to improved mental health ratings at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion
Ayahuasca produces long-term mental health improvements in clinically depressed patients, which highlights its therapeutic potential.
Cardy Algebras, Sewing Constraints and String-Nets
Authors: Traube Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn Schweigert and Yang (Methods Appl Symmetry Integr Geom, 2021) it was shown how string-net spaces for the Cardy bulk algebra in the Drinfeld center $${\mathsf {Z}}({\mathsf {C}})$$

Z
(
C
)

of a modular tensor category $${\mathsf {C}}$$
C
give rise to a consistent set of correlators. We extend their results to include open-closed world sheets and allow for more general field algebras, which come in the form of $$({\mathsf {C}}|{\mathsf {Z}}({\mathsf {C}}))$$

(
C
|
Z
(
C
)
)

-Cardy algebras. To be more precise, we show that a set of fundamental string-nets with input data from a $$({\mathsf {C}}|{\mathsf {Z}}({\mathsf {C}}))$$

(
C
|
Z
(
C
)
)

-Cardy algebra gives rise to a solution of the sewing constraints formulated in Kong et al. (Adv Math 262:604–681, 2014) and that any set of fundamental string-nets solving the sewing constraints determine a $$({\mathsf {C}}|{\mathsf {Z}}({\mathsf {C}}))$$

(
C
|
Z
(
C
)
)

-Cardy algebra up to isomorphism. Hence we give an alternative proof of the results in Kong et al. (2014) in terms of string-nets.
Homotopical Analysis of 4d Chern-Simons Theory and Integrable Field Theories
Authors: Benini Marco , Schenkel Alexander , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed study of 4-dimensional Chern-Simons theory on $$\mathbb {R}^2\times \mathbb {C}P^1$$

R

2

×
C

P
1

for an arbitrary meromorphic 1-form $$\omega $$
ω
on $$\mathbb {C}P^1$$

C

P
1

. Using techniques from homotopy theory, the behaviour under finite gauge transformations of a suitably regularised version of the action proposed by Costello and Yamazaki is investigated. Its gauge invariance is related to boundary conditions on the surface defects located at the poles of $$\omega $$
ω
that are determined by isotropic Lie subalgebras of a certain defect Lie algebra. The groupoid of fields satisfying such a boundary condition is proved to be equivalent to a groupoid that implements the boundary condition through a homotopy pullback, leading to the appearance of edge modes. The latter perspective is used to clarify how integrable field theories arise from 4-dimensional Chern-Simons theory.
The Impact of Major and Trace Elements in Serum and Bone on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Derived Hip Strength
Authors: Miazgowski Tomasz , Rył Aleksandra , Szylińska Aleksandra , Rotter Iwona 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish associations between both serum levels and bone content of a wide range of elements (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Pb), with hip strength (HS) indices derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The study population consisted of a number of male patients aged 56–77 years following hip replacement due to osteoarthritis of the hip. Bone specimens were taken from the femoral head and neck during arthroplasty. The elemental analyses were carried out using coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The following DXA-HS parameters were assessed: buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA) and its moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus, and Femoral Strength Index (FSI). Age was positively correlated with Na, K, and Cu in the bone. Ca in the bone was positively associated with BR and negatively with SM and CSMI. Of all the DXA-HS parameters, the weakest associations of elements in the bone were found with FSI and the strongest with BR. Among the elements in the serum, the strongest negative associations were found for K, Cr, Mn, and Zn with CSA, while the majority of bone elements were associated either positively (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu) or negatively (Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cr) with BR. In conclusion, the interactions between individual elements in blood serum and bone with DXA-HS could not be unequivocally established.
Relationship Among Blastocystis, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio and Chronic Stress in Mexican University Students
Authors: Guangorena-Gómez Janeth Oliva , Lozano-Ochoa Iliana Itzel , Rivera-Medina Ilse Lizeth , Méndez-Hernández Alejandra , Espinosa-Fematt Jorge Antonio , Muñoz-Yáñez Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role played by Blastocystis in humans has been a subject of discussion due to its intestinal effects and modifications in the intestinal microbiota. We aimed to analyze the relationship between Blastocystis subtypes ST1-4 and 7, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) of fecal microbiota, and chronic stress in university students. This study had a cross-sectional design with a sample of 202 students. We analyzed fecal and hair samples, and stress inventories were applied to the students. The results showed a frequency of Blastocystis-colonized students of 52.97%. Regarding fecal microbiota, a median RAU of 0.801 for Firmicutes and 0.82 of Bacteroidetes were obtained, with an F/B ratio of 0.83. A low F/B ratio (66.04%) was more frequent in Blastocystis-colonized students, whereas a high F/B ratio (68.09%) (p =  < 0.0001) was found in the Blastocystis-non-colonized. Only Blastocystis ST3 did not significantly correlate with a low F/B ratio (p = 0.290). The ST4 was associated with lower values of cortisol (p = 0.030), psychological stress (p = 0.040), and lower frequency of constipation (p = 0.010). Only two students with the ST1 had abdominal pain (p = 0.007). Our results suggest that colonization by Blastocystis subtypes can modify the intestinal microbiota due to a decreased ratio between the two most representative phyla (F/B). Also, the results of this study show that ST4 colonization is related to a lower level of chronic stress.
Graphical abstract
Spatial visualization of drug uptake and distribution in Fasciola hepatica using high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Morawietz Carolin M. , Peter Ventura Alejandra M. , Grevelding Christoph G. , Haeberlein Simone , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding drug penetration, distribution, and metabolization is fundamental for understanding drug efficacy. This also accounts for parasites during antiparasitic treatment. Recently, we established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in blood flukes and liver flukes. This label-free technique is capable of visualizing the molecular distribution of endogenous and exogenous molecules, such as drug compounds. Here, we conducted atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe MALDI MSI (AP-SMALDI MSI) of tissue sections of adult Fasciola hepatica that have been treated in vitro with 100 µM of triclabendazole (TCBZ), the drug of choice for treatment of fasciolosis, and its main metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO). Measurements covered an m/z mass range of 250–1,000 and provided a high spatial resolution using a pixel size of 10 µm. To support the interpretation of drug distribution, we first identified endogenous lipids that mark characteristic tissues such as the gastrodermis, the tegument, and the parenchyma. The obtained results suggested an early tegumental route of TCBZ uptake within 20 min, followed by spreading throughout the parasite after 4 h, and an even distribution in most tissues after 12 h. This coincided with a strong reduction of parasite vitality. TCBZ-SO treatment demonstrated the accumulation of this metabolite in the same tissues as the parent drug compound. These data demonstrate the auspicious potential of MALDI MSI to visualize uptake and distribution patterns of drugs or drug-candidate compounds in parasites, which might contribute to preclinical drug discovery in liver fluke research and beyond.
Wahrnehmungen zum Umgang mit Opioiden: Fokus COVID-19
Authors: Peuckmann-Post Vera , Hagedorn Carolin , Krumm Norbert , Rolke Roman , Elsner Frank 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Obwohl Opioide wirksam Schmerzen und Dyspnoe lindern, findet dies in Leitlinien zur Symptomkontrolle unterschiedliche Gewichtung. Hierdurch können auch bei COVID-19 Unsicherheiten bezüglich Indikationen und ethischer Implikationen im Umgang mit Opioiden entstehen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir untersuchten die persönliche Wahrnehmung des Umgangs mit Morphin/Opioiden (M/O) zur Symptomkontrolle inner- und außerhalb der Palliativmedizin (PM), auch bei der Betreuung COVID-19-Erkrankter, durch Befragung von Mitgliedern der Fachgesellschaften für Palliativmedizin, Innere Medizin, Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin.

Material und Methoden
Mittels Survey Monkey® (Momentive Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA) wurden die Mitglieder anonymisiert nach ihrer eigenen Wahrnehmung des Umgangs mit M/O zur Symptomkontrolle befragt. Diese Ergebnisse wurden bereits publiziert. Zur systematischen und strukturierten Auswertung aller Kommentare des Freitextfelds wurde Phillip Mayrings Methode der zusammenfassenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse gewählt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Von 2202 Personen schrieben 339 im Freitextfeld „Weitere Anmerkungen“ zusätzliche Kommentare. Das induktiv entwickelte Kategoriensystem umfasste fünf Hauptkategorien: 1) Eigene Wahrnehmungen mit COVID-19-Erkrankten, 2) Anwendungsgebiet und Wirkung von M/O, 3) Beobachtungen im Bereich der Palliativmedizin, 4) Vermittlung von Wissen zum Umgang mit Opioiden bzw. Palliativmedizin, und 5) Ergänzendes.

Fazit
Einige Teilnehmende berichteten sehr persönliche Wahrnehmungen und wiesen insbesondere im Umgang mit COVID-19 auf Defizite im Gesundheitssystem hin. Einheitliche interdisziplinäre Leitlinien zur Symptomkontrolle, mehr Lehre und Unterstützung durch in der Symptomkontrolle kompetente Expert:innen erscheinen erforderlich.
Real-time detection of uncalibrated sensors using neural networks
Authors: Muñoz-Molina Luis J. , Cazorla-Piñar Ignacio , Dominguez-Morales Juan P. , Lafuente Luis , Perez-Peña Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowadays, sensors play a major role in several fields, such as science, industry and everyday technology. Therefore, the information received from the sensors must be reliable. If the sensors present any anomalies, serious problems can arise, such as publishing wrong theories in scientific papers, or causing production delays in industry. One of the most common anomalies are uncalibrations. An uncalibration occurs when the sensor is not adjusted or standardized by calibration according to a ground truth value. In this work, an online machine-learning based uncalibration detector for temperature, humidity and pressure sensors is presented. This development integrates an artificial neural network as the main component which learns from the behavior of the sensors under calibrated conditions. Then, after being trained and deployed, it detects uncalibrations once they take place. The obtained results show that the proposed system is able to detect the 100% of the presented uncalibration events, although the time response in the detection depends on the resolution of the model for the specific location, i.e., the minimum statistically significant variation in the sensor behavior that the system is able to detect. This architecture can be adapted to different contexts by applying transfer learning, such as adding new sensors or having different environments by re-training the model with minimum amount of data.