bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Application of Game Theory to Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Endgame
Authors: Azodi Kaveh , Khazai Sara , Sabbagh Mahmoud Reza Ghorban 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Waiting for Godot and Endgame are rich in terms of interaction between characters and their surrounding contexts. The present paper examines these interactions according to the mathematical theory of games proposed by Steven J. Brams in Divine Games: Game Theory and the Undecidability of a Superior Being. The framework of Search Decision is used to examine the differences between the two plays in terms of interaction between the “state of nature” and Person, which provides a clear understanding of the reasons behind strategies characters may take within uncertain environments.
Collaboration and Conflict at Chief Minister’s Initiative on Primary Healthcare (CMIPHC)
Authors: Bashir Mohsin , Ahmad Ferhana 
Published: August 2022

This case study is about the organization Chief Ministers Initiative on Primary Health Care (CMIPHC). The organization was created as a collaboration between the Government of Punjab province in Pakistan and a local nonprofit organization named Punjab Rural Support Program (PRSP). CMIPHC was given control of Basic Health Units (BHU) in 12 out of 36 districts of Punjab. However, the provincial health department retained the infrastructure in other aspects of public health. Despite signs of success, CMIPHC had come under criticism from the provincial health department officials and the local government administration throughout its operation. In 2014, the conflict had reached a point where the provincial government had started considering the closure of CMIPHC and returning BHUs to the provincial health department. The final decision was to be taken after a third-party evaluation. While the CMIPHC leadership was confident that a third-party evaluation would favour the collaboration, they were still concerned about the financial and functional stability of their organization. This was because the leadership felt that some officials from the local health department were resentful of the fact that PRSP was treading on their turf. This instruction manual uses a resource dependency framework to analyse the facts presented by the case and aims to help the students better understand the opportunities and threats posed by collaborative approaches to public service delivery.
Prospective evaluation of in situ screw fixation for stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: DeVries Clarabelle A , Badrinath Raghav , Baird Samuel G , Bomar James D , Upasani Vidyadhar V 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: We aimed to determine which variables were associated with persistent symptoms or need for further surgery in patients treated with in situ fixation for stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We hypothesized that patients with greater proximal femoral deformity would require revision surgical intervention. Methods: We prospectively collected data on stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients who underwent in situ screw fixation at a single institution. Demographic and radiographic information, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were collected. Results: Forty-six patients (54 hips) with an average follow-up of 3.5 years (range: 2.0–8.5) and mean pre-op Southwick slip angle of 40.5° ± 19.4° were studied. We observed one complication following the index procedure (2%). Twelve hips (22%) went on to have a secondary procedure 2.7 ± 2.2 years after the index surgery. Severe slips were 14.8× more likely to undergo a secondary procedure than mild and moderate slips ( p < 0.001). We found no correlation between slip severity and patient-reported outcomes ( p > 0.6). Hips requiring a secondary procedure had significantly lower Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores (76.8 ± 18.4) at final follow-up compared to hips that did not require additional surgery (86.8 ± 15.7) ( p = 0.042). Conclusion: With minimum 2-year follow-up, 22% of patients required a secondary surgery. Patient-reported outcomes did not correlate with slip severity, but were found to be significantly higher in slipped capital femoral epiphysis patients that did not require a secondary procedure. Prophylactic treatment of all slip-related cam deformity was not found to be necessary in this prospective cohort. Patients with moderate-to-severe slips may require secondary surgery. Level of Evidence: Level II
Prevalence of and factors independently associated with digital ischemic complications in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Guayboon Theerajet , Muangchan Chayawee 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of and independent predictors for digital ischemic complications in patients with systemic sclerosis. Method: Patients enrolled in the Siriraj Systemic Sclerosis Cohort registry during 2013–2019 were classified as having or not having digital ischemic complications at the baseline and 1-year timepoints. Results: A total of 171 patients with systemic sclerosis were included. The prevalence of digital pulp loss, digital pitting scar, digital ulcer, and digital amputation at baseline and 1 year was 41.5%, 39.8%, 3.5%, 7.6% and 37.4%, 43.9%, 14.1%, 6.4%, respectively. Over half (58.5%) of overall systemic sclerosis had developed new digital ischemic complications during the 1-year follow-up. Those with digital ischemic complications at baseline were at high risk for developing new digital ischemic complications (odds ratio: 15.9). Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis is associated with digital ischemic complications (odds ratio: 6.0), digital pitting scar (odds ratio: 4.9), and digital pulp loss (odds ratio: 6.4). Tendon friction rub is associated with digital pitting scar (odds ratio: 5.0). Salt-and-pepper skin appearance is associated with digital pulp loss (odds ratio: 3.0) and digital ulcer (odds ratio: 6.9). Disease duration > 3 years is associated with digital ulcer (odds ratio: 4.4). Male gender is associated with digital ulcer (odds ratio: 5.4). Conclusion: Digital pulp loss, digital pitting scar, digital ulcer, and digital amputation were common manifestations of digital ischemic complications, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis was the strongest of the six independent predictors.
New data on melanostibite, Mn2Fe3+Sb5+O6
Authors: Musetti Silvia , Biagioni Cristian , Hålenius Ulf , Bonaccorsi Elena , Zaccarini Federica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFollowing the identification of a new occurrence of melanostibite from the Apuan Alps, the crystal chemistry of this mineral has been re-examined using specimens from its type locality, Sjögruvan, Örebro County, Sweden, and from the new occurrence, the Scortico–Ravazzone Mn ore deposit, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. Both specimens were examined through electron microprobe analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data; Mössbauer spectroscopy was used for the Swedish specimen. Electron microprobe data indicate a close to ideal composition Mn2Fe3+Sb5+O6 for both samples, whereas Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the trivalent oxidation state of Fe. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the Swedish and Italian specimens points to the acentric nature of melanostibite, space group R3. Refined unit-cell parameters of melanostibite from Scortico–Ravazzone and Sjögruvan are a = 5.2351(3), c = 14.3645(8) Å, V = 340.93(4) Å3, and a = 5.2314(2), c = 14.3518(8) Å, V = 340.15(3) Å3, respectively. Melanostibite is an homeotypic derivative of pyrophanite.
Determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score among newborns delivered by cesarean section at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: an unmatched case control study
Authors: Ajibo Bahiru Darma , Wolka Eskinder , Aseffa Andualem , Nugusu Mitiku Ayele , Adem Abdi Oumer , Mamo Mebratu , Temesgen Ashagrie sintayehu , Debalke Getachew , Gobena Negeso , Obsa Mohammad Suleiman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Apgar score is used to evaluate the neonates’ overall status and response to resuscitation, as well as its prognosis beyond the neonatal period. Low fifth minute Apgar scores is more frequent and is associated with markedly increased risks of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of birth asphyxia is high (22.52%). Birth asphyxia contributes to significant neonatal morbidities and mortalities due to severe hypoxic-ischemic multi-organ damage, mainly brain damage. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score among newborns delivered by cesarean section.

Methods
An unmatched case control study design was conducted. The Apgar score is based on measures of heart rate, respiratory effort, skin color, muscle tone, and reflex irritability. The data collection tool or checklist was adapted from previous study done at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In this study, cases were all newborns with Apgar score < 7 whereas controls were all newborns with Apgar score >  = 7. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS software version 24. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent effect of different factors at P < 0.05.

Result
Factors associated with low Apgar score were fetal birth weight < 2.5 kg [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 ‒ 64.59] P = 0.046, skin incision to delivery time (AOR = 5.27; 95% CI: 2.20 ‒ 12.60) P = 0.001, pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.75 ‒ 11.92) P = 0.002, antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.75 ‒ 8.94) 0.001, general anesthesia (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.72 ‒ 6.62) P = 0.001, meconium stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.32 ‒ 7.12) P = 0.009 and emergency cesarean section (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.13 ‒ 4.15) P = 0.019.

Conclusions
Fetal birth weight < 2.5 kg, skin incision to delivery time, pregnancy induced hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage, type of anesthesia, meconium stained amniotic fluid and type of cesarean section were factors independently associated with Apgar score. Therefore, it is important to work on identified risk factors to reduce the impacts low fifth minute Apgar score in the in early adulthood..
Face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: how risk perception, experience with COVID-19, and attitude towards government interact with country-wide policy stringency
Authors: Wismans Annelot , van der Zwan Peter , Wennberg Karl , Franken Ingmar , Mukerjee Jinia , Baptista Rui , Marín Jorge Barrientos , Burke Andrew , Dejardin Marcus , Janssen Frank , Letina Srebrenka , Millán José María , Santarelli Enrico , Torrès Olivier , Thurik Roy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments imposed numerous regulations to protect public health, particularly the (mandatory) use of face masks. However, the appropriateness and effectiveness of face mask regulations have been widely discussed, as is apparent from the divergent measures taken across and within countries over time, including mandating, recommending, and discouraging their use. In this study, we analyse how country-level policy stringency and individual-level predictors associate with face mask use during the early stages of the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
First, we study how (self and other-related) risk perception, (direct and indirect) experience with COVID-19, attitude towards government and policy stringency shape face mask use. Second, we study whether there is an interaction between policy stringency and the individual-level variables. We conduct multilevel analyses exploiting variation in face mask regulations across countries and using data from approximately 7000 students collected in the beginning of the pandemic (weeks 17 through 19, 2020).

Results
We show that policy stringency is strongly positively associated with face mask use. We find a positive association between self-related risk perception and mask use, but no relationship of mask use with experience with COVID-19 and attitudes towards government. However, in the interaction analyses, we find that government trust and perceived clarity of communication moderate the link between stringency and mask use, with positive government perceptions relating to higher use in countries with regulations and to lower use in countries without regulations.

Conclusions
We highlight that those countries that aim for widespread use of face masks should set strict measures, stress self-related risks of COVID-19, and use clear communication.
A randomized controlled trial of simulation training in teaching coronary angiographic views
Authors: Lee Kwan S. , Natarajan Balaji , Wong Wei X. , Yousman Wina , Koester Stefan , Nyotowidjojo Iwan , Lee Justin Z. , Kern Karl B. , Acharya Deepak , Fortuin David , Hung Olivia , Voelker Wolfram , Indik Julia H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Simulation technology has an established role in teaching technical skills to cardiology fellows, but its impact on teaching trainees to interpret coronary angiographic (CA) images has not been systematically studied. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to test whether structured simulation training, in addition to traditional methods would improve CA image interpretation skills in a heterogeneous group of medical trainees.

Methods
We prospectively randomized a convenience sample of 105 subjects comprising of medical students (N = 20), residents (N = 68) and fellows (N = 17) from the University of Arizona. Subjects were randomized in a stratified fashion into a simulation training group which received simulation training in addition to didactic teaching (n = 53) and a control training group which received didactic teaching alone (n = 52). The change in pre and post-test score (delta score) was analyzed by a two-way ANOVA for education status and training arm.

Results
Subjects improved in their post-test scores with a mean change of 4.6 ± 4.0 points. Subjects in the simulation training arm had a higher delta score compared to control (5.4 ± 4.2 versus 3.8 ± 3.7, p = 0.04), with greatest impact for residents (6.6 ± 4.0 versus 3.5 ± 3.4) with a p = 0.02 for interaction of training arm and education status.

Conclusions
Simulation training complements traditional methods to improve CA interpretation skill, with greatest impact on residents. This highlights the importance of incorporating high-fidelity simulation training early in cardiovascular fellowship curricula.
Abortion beyond 13 weeks in Argentina: healthcare seeking experiences during self-managed abortion accompanied by the Socorristas en Red
Authors: Keefe-Oates Brianna , Tejada Chelsea G. , Zurbriggen Ruth , Grosso Belén , Gerdts Caitlin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In Argentina, a group of feminist activists, the Socorristas en Red, provide information and accompaniment to people seeking abortions, including beyond 13 weeks gestation. Recently-released WHO guidelines for abortion care acknowledge that abortion trajectories vary and people may seek services and support from a range of settings in the process of an abortion. It follows, therefore, that people who self manage abortions beyond 13 weeks with the support of accompaniment groups may interact with health professionals in the public and/or private sector. Understanding the reasons for and experiences with these interactions can help to inform best practice.

Methods
In 2016, we conducted 23 exploratory interviews among women who self managed abortions beyond 13 weeks gestation accompanied by Socorristas, to understand healthcare-seeking decisions and experiences. We used narrative inquiry as an interview technique and coded interviews using first a holistic coding and, second, a content analysis technique to identify emergent themes in the text and subsequently identify themes relevant to study aims.

Results
We found that many participants had disclosed their abortion intentions to health professionals prior to their abortions. Some were provided with emotional support and referrals to the Socorristas, while others were admonished and warned of serious health consequences. Most participants sought post-abortion care in public or private-sector health facilities; for fear of legal repercussions, many participants did not share that they had used abortion medications with post-abortion care providers. During care seeking, some participants reported poor treatment, in several cases because they were suspected of inducing abortion, while others reported supportive care from health professionals who had previously-established relationships with the Socorristas.

Conclusions
This study illuminates the important role that supportive health professionals can play to ensure that, regardless of the trajectory of an abortion, people feel comfortable accessing clinical services during their abortion process, even in restrictive settings. Feminist activists can help build bridges with the medical system to ensure that providers who interact with people seeking abortion-related services are empathic, understand their legal rights, and provide supportive care.
Nesfatin-1 alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through regulating inflammatory response associated with macrophages modulation
Authors: Cheng Hongbing , Zhu Yanfang , Chen Liangji , Wang Yalan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes associated with uncontrolled excessive lung inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of ALI is still complicated and effective clinical pharmacological management is required. Various signaling pathways are involved in the inflammatory responses of ALI. Here, we aimed to explore the role of nesfatin-1, an amino-acid peptide with anti-inflammatory action, in an LPS-induced ALI mice model, and its role in regulating macrophages in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. This was to clarify the underlying mechanisms of regulating the inflammatory response in the development of ALI. The results show that nesfatin-1 expression was downregulated in the lung tissues of ALI mice compared to control mice. Nesfatin-1 treatment ameliorated the inflammatory response and lung tissue damage in LPS-induced ALI in mice. In vitro studies showed that nesfatin-1 attenuated the generation and release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Nesfatin-1 also inhibited reactive oxygen species production and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 exerted a crucial role in regulating the LPS-mediated activation of M1 macrophages. Further mechanism investigations indicated that nesfatin-1 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK/c-Jun and NF-κB pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of p-p38, p-c-Fos, and p-p65. Overall, nesfatin-1 alleviated LPS-induced ALI, which might be attributed to regulating inflammatory response through macrophages modulation.
Measurement of health-related quality of life post aortic valve replacement via minimally invasive incisions
Authors: Abd Al Jawad Mohammed , Mourad Faisal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive aortic surgery is growing in popularity among surgeons. Although many clinical reports have proven both the safety and efficacy from a surgical point of view, there are few data regarding its impact on patients’ quality of life and whether there is a difference between ministernotomy and minithoracotomy from the patient perspective.

Methods
This prospective, questionnaire-based, nonrandomized study included 189 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement via a minimally invasive incision between May 2014 and December 2020 and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. The study uses the RAND SF 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 to assess and compare health-related quality of life between ministernotomy and minithoracotomy.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in the minithoracotomy group with regard to physical functioning, role limitation due to a physical problem, and social functioning (79.69 ± 20.72, 75.28 ± 26.52, 87.91 ± 16.98) compared to the ministernotomy group (70.31 ± 22.88, 58.59 ± 31.17, 66.15 ± 27.32) with p values (0.0036, 0.0001, < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusions
Both minimally invasive aortic valve incisions positively impacted patient quality of life. The minithoracotomy incision showed significant improvements in physical capacity and successful patient re-engagement in daily physical and social activities. This, in turn, positively improved their general health status compared to the 1-year preoperative status.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, under the number code (FWA 000017585, FAMSU R 91 /2021).
Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications
Authors: Hossain Rajib , Quispe Cristina , Khan Rasel Ahmed , Saikat Abu Saim Mohammad , Ray Pranta , Ongalbek Damira , Yeskaliyeva Balakyz , Jain Divya , Smeriglio Antonella , Trombetta Domenico , Kiani Roghayeh , Kobarfard Farzad , Mojgani Naheed , Saffarian Parvaneh , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Sarkar Chandan , Islam Mohammad Torequl , Keriman Dılhun , Uçar Arserim , Martorell Miquel , Sureda Antoni , Pintus Gianfranco , Butnariu Monica , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Cho William C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPropolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees from various plant sources, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine for several purposes all over the world. The precise composition of propolis varies according to plant source, seasons harvesting, geography, type of bee flora, climate changes, and honeybee species at the site of collection. This apiary product has broad clinical applications such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic as well asimmunomodulatory effects. It is also well known from traditional uses in treating purulent disorders, improving the wound healing, and alleviating many of the related discomforts. Even if its use was already widespread since ancient times, after the First and Second World War, it has grown even more as well as the studies to identify its chemical and pharmacological features, allowing to discriminate the qualities of propolis in terms of the chemical profile and relative biological activity based on the geographic place of origin. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out and new insights into the pharmaceutical prospects of this bee product in the management of different disorders, have been highlighted. Specifically, the available literature confirms the efficacy of propolis and its bioactive compounds in the reduction of cancer progression, inhibition of bacterial and viral infections as well as mitigation of parasitic-related symptoms, paving the way to the use of propolis as an alternative approach to improve the human health. However, a more conscious use of propolis in terms of standardized extracts as well as new clinical studies are needed to substantiate these health claims.