bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective choice with heterogeneous time preferences
Authors: Pakhnin Mikhail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews recent research on the aggregation of heterogeneous time preferences. Main results are illustrated in a simple Ramsey model with many agents with additively time‐separable utility functions who differ in their discount factors. We employ an intertemporal view on this model and argue that preferences of a decision maker should be represented by a sequence of utility functions. This allows us to clarify the issue of dynamic inconsistency and relate it to simple properties of discounting. We distinguish between private and common consumption cases. In the private consumption case, we discuss the properties of sequences of additively time‐separable social welfare functions (SWFs) and explain why the notion of Pareto optimality under heterogeneous time preferences becomes problematic. In the common consumption case, we focus on the problem of collective choice under heterogeneous time preferences, discuss the difficulties with dynamic voting procedures, and review some ways to overcome them. We conclude by highlighting the implications of our discussion for the problem of choosing an appropriate social discount rate (SDR).
Quality assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasonography: Scoping literature review and Delphi protocol
Authors: Hirzallah Mohammad I. , Lochner Piergiorgio , Hafeez Muhammad Ubaid , Lee Andrew G. , Krogias Christos , Dongarwar Deepa , Manchanda Ramneek , Ouellette Lara , Hartman Nicholas D. , Ertl Michael , Schlachetzki Felix , Robba Chiara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe optic nerve is surrounded by the extension of meningeal coverings of the brain. When the pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid increases, it causes a distention of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), which allows the use of this measurement by ultrasonography (US) as a noninvasive surrogate of elevated intracranial pressure. However, ONSD measurements in the literature have exhibited significant heterogeneity, suggesting a need for consensus on ONSD image acquisition and measurement. We aim to establish a consensus for an ONSD US Quality Criteria Checklist (ONSD US QCC).MethodsA scoping systematic review of published ultrasound ONSD imaging and measurement criteria was performed to guide the development of a preliminary ONSD US QCC that will undergo a modified Delphi study to reach expert consensus on ONSD quality criteria. The protocol of this modified Delphi study is presented in this manuscript.ResultsA total of 357 ultrasound studies were included in the review. Quality criteria were evaluated under five categories: probe selection, safety, positioning, image acquisition, and measurement.ConclusionsThis review and Delphi protocol aim to establish ONSD US QCC. A broad consensus from this process may reduce the variability of ONSD measurements in future studies, which would ultimately translate into improved ONSD clinical applications. This protocol was reviewed and endorsed by the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine.
Rapid detection of Broad bean wilt virus 2 and Turnip mosaic virus in Pseudostellaria heterophylla by reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay
Authors: Liang Shuang , Chen Xiangru , Liu Yu , Feng Wenzhuo , Li Cheng , Chen Xiangsheng , Li Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPseudostellaria heterophylla (P. heterophylla) is a widespread Chinese herb that is widely used as medicine, especially for the treatment of lung disease and nourishing the spleen. Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) threaten the quality and yield of P. heterophylla. To improve the detection efficiency of P. heterophylla viral disease pathogens, a rapid, simple, intuitive, accurate, sensitive and economical reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) method was established. Primers were designed based on the conserved sequences of BBWV2 and TuMV coat protein nucleotide sequences. The specificity of the primers and sensitivity of the LAMP method to the cDNA template were analysed by real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative PCR, SYBR Green I staining, and agarose gel electrophoresis. No cross‐reactions occurred with other viruses tested in P. heterophylla. The detection limit of RT‐LAMP was 10 pg/μl and was found to be 10 times more sensitive on comparing with RT‐LAMP and reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, the tube‐closed dye method facilitated the inspection of the LAMP reaction while avoiding cross‐contamination. This detection assay could serve as an important tool for field samples diagnoses and forecasting P. heterophylla viral disease intensities.
Competition for nutrients increases invasion resistance during assembly of microbial communities
Authors: Wagner Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe assembly of microbial communities through sequential invasions of microbial species is challenging to study experimentally. Here, I used genome‐scale metabolic models of multiple species to model community assembly. Each such model represents all known biochemical reactions that a species uses to build biomass from nutrients in the environment. Species interactions in such models emerge from first biochemical principles, either through competition for environmental nutrients, or through cross‐feeding on metabolic by‐products excreted by resident species. I used these models to study 250 community assembly sequences. In each such sequence, a community changes through successive species invasions. During the 250 assembly sequences, communities become more species‐rich and invasion‐resistant. Resistance against both constructive and destructive invasions – those that entail species extinction – is associated with high community productivity, high biomass, and low concentrations of unused carbon. Competition for nutrients outweighs the influence of cross‐feeding on the growth rate of individual species. In a community assembly network of all communities that arise during the 250 assembly sequences, some communities occur more often than expected by chance. These include invasion resistant “attractor” communities with high biomass that arise late in community assembly and persist preferentially because of their invasion resistance. Genome‐scale metabolic models can reveal generic properties of microbial communities that are independent of the resident species and the environment.
Modeling side slopes in vertical alignment resource road construction using convex optimization
Authors: Momo Nusrat Suzana , Hare Warren , Lucet Yves 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new convex quadratically‐constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) model is proposed for modeling side‐slopes volumes in the minimization of earthwork operations to compute the vertical alignment of a resource road while satisfying design and safety constraints. The new QCQP model is convex but nonlinear; it is compared to a state‐of‐the‐art mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The QCQP model can be viewed as the limit of this MILP model. Numerical results show that for roads with less than 100 stations, the QCQP model has similar computation time to the MILP model. However, the QCQP model significantly outperforms the MILP model for other roads, in some cases finding a global optimum in minutes while the MILP model fails to find any solution in hours. The technique is directly applicable for resource roads and has potential for other types of road.
Effect of a new offshore gas platform on harbor porpoises in the Dogger Bank
Authors: Todd Victoria L. G. , Williamson Laura D. , Couto Ana S. , Todd Ian B. , Clapham Phillip J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOffshore Oil and Gas (O&G) exploration and production has been cycling from cradle to grave for over 100 years, spanning many generations of marine fauna. Despite global occurrence of offshore infrastructure, implications of their presence for apex predators, including cetaceans, is understudied. We analyzed data from autonomous underwater passive‐echolocation‐click detectors (C‐PODs) deployed at an offshore O&G production platform and at control locations to investigate acoustic activity of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from 2015 to 2020, before, during, and after platform construction. Despite a statistically significant decrease in porpoise detections following platform construction and initial drilling operations (2015–2016), detections returned to baseline levels within five months. We detected no long‐term effects of platform presence on porpoise‐detection rates. While additional study is required to further understand activity of porpoise at O&G platforms during continued operation through to decommissioning, our findings, nonetheless, have important implications for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), which do not currently consider effects of platform presence on marine mammals in any context other than short‐term noise mitigation. While we know porpoise forage at ageing platforms, this is the first study to demonstrate porpoise also utilize space around new platforms, which must be accommodated in long‐term EIA processes.
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis reveals many novel genotypes and a high level of genetic diversity in Candida tropicalis isolates from Italy and Africa
Authors: Dougue Aude Ngueguim , El‐Kholy Mohammed A. , Giuffrè Letterio , Galeano Grazia , D′Aleo Francesco , Kountchou Cyrille Levis , Nangwat Claude , Dzoyem Jean Paul , Giosa Domenico , Pernice Ida , Shawky Sherine M. , Ngouana Thierry Kammalac , Boyom Fabrice Fekam , Romeo Orazio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCandida tropicalis is a human pathogenic yeast frequently isolated in Latin America and Asian‐Pacific regions, although recent studies showed that it is also becoming increasingly widespread throughout several African and south‐European countries. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about its global patterns of genetic variation as most of existing multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data come from Asia and there are no genotyped African isolates.ObjectivesWe report detailed genotyping data from a large set of C. tropicalis isolates recovered from different clinical sources in Italy, Egypt and Cameroon in order to expand the allele/genotype library of MLST database (https://pubmlst.org/ctropicalis), and to explore the genetic diversity in this species.MethodsA total of 103 C. tropicalis isolates were genotyped using the MLST scheme developed for this species. All isolates were also tested for in vitro susceptibility to various antifungals to assess whether certain genotypes were associated with drug‐resistance.Results and ConclusionsA total of 104 different alleles were detected across the MLST‐loci investigated. The allelic diversity found at these loci resulted in 51 unique MLST genotypes of which 36 (70.6%) were novel. Global optimal eBURST analysis identified 18 clonal complexes (CCs) and confirm the existence of a specific Italian‐cluster (CC36). Three CCs were also statistically associated with fluconazole resistance, which was elevated in Cameroon and Egypt.Our data show high genetic diversity in our isolates suggesting that the global population structure of C. tropicalis is still poorly understood. Moreover, its clinical impact in Italy, Egypt and Cameroon appears to be relevant and should be carefully considered.
Autoimmunity to glutamate receptor channels
Authors: Kawachi Izumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlutamate and its receptors are involved in pleiotropic roles including experience‐dependent synaptic plasticity and brain development as the main fast excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. There are two main families of the glutamate receptors: (1) ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that are ligand‐gated ion channel receptors accessible for fast synaptic transmission, and (2) metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G‐protein‐coupled receptors modulating slow synaptic transmission through intracellular second messengers. Here, we summarize the current concepts of autoimmunity to these glutamate receptors in neurological disorders: anti‐GluN1 subunit of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDARs) for anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, anti‐GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPARs) for anti‐AMPAR encephalitis, and anti‐mGluR5 subunit for Ophelia syndrome. Most identified autoimmunity to glutamate receptors can lead to unique synaptopathies or neuronal antibody‐mediated encephalopathies. Evidence‐based optimal management guidelines and new disease‐modifying therapies need to be developed for patients with autoimmune encephalitis including anti‐glutamate receptor encephalitis.
Reflection and conditionalization: Comments on Michael Rescorla
Authors: van Fraassen Bas C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRescorla explores the relation between Reflection, Conditionalization, and Dutch book arguments in the presence of a weakened concept of sure loss and weakened conditions of self‐transparency for doxastic agents. The literature about Reflection and about Dutch Book arguments, though overlapping, are distinct, and its history illuminates the import of Rescorla's investigation. With examples from a previous debate in the 70s and results about Reflection and Conditionalization in the 80s, I propose a way of seeing the epistemic enterprise in the light of practical requirements to be met by demands for synchronic coherence and probability updating policies. This includes a defense of principles rejected by Rescorla, while allowing for the value of his results in the borderland between theories of cognition and formal epistemology.
Credal imprecision and the value of evidence
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is about a tension between two theses. The first is Value of Evidence: roughly, the thesis that it is always rational for an agent to gather and use cost‐free evidence for making decisions. The second is Rationality of Imprecision: the thesis that an agent can be rationally required to adopt doxastic states that are imprecise, i.e., not representable by a single credence function. While others have noticed this tension, I offer a new diagnosis of it. I show that it arises when an agent with an imprecise doxastic state engages in an unreflective inquiry, an inquiry where they revise their beliefs using an updating rule that doesn't satisfy a weak reflection principle. In such an unreflective inquiry, certain synchronic norms of instrumental rationality can make it instrumentally irrational for an agent to gather and use cost‐free evidence. I then go on to propose a diachronic norm of instrumental rationality that preserves Value of Evidence in unreflective inquiries. This, I suggest, may help us reconcile this thesis with Rationality of Imprecision.
Trihelix transcription factors GTL1 and DF1 prevent aberrant root hair formation in an excess nutrient condition
Authors: Shibata Michitaro , Favero David S. , Takebayashi Ryu , Takebayashi Arika , Kawamura Ayako , Rymen Bart , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Sugimoto Keiko 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Root hair growth is tuned in response to the environment surrounding plants. While most previous studies focused on the enhancement of root hair growth during nutrient starvation, few studies investigated the root hair response in the presence of excess nutrients.

We report that the post‐embryonic growth of wild‐type Arabidopsis plants is strongly suppressed with increasing nutrient availability, particularly in the case of root hair growth. We further used gene expression profiling to analyze how excess nutrient availability affects root hair growth, and found that RHD6 subfamily genes, which are positive regulators of root hair growth, are downregulated in this condition.

However, defects in GTL1 and DF1, which are negative regulators of root hair growth, cause frail and swollen root hairs to form when excess nutrients are supplied. Additionally, we observed that the RHD6 subfamily genes are mis‐expressed in gtl1‐1 df1‐1. Furthermore, overexpression of RSL4, an RHD6 subfamily gene, induces swollen root hairs in the face of a nutrient overload, while mutation of RSL4 in gtl1‐1 df1‐1 restore root hair swelling phenotype.

In conclusion, our data suggest that GTL1 and DF1 prevent unnecessary root hair formation by repressing RSL4 under excess nutrient conditions.
Architecture in the mind
Authors: Jaklewicz Karolina Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPinpointing the precise nature of the relation that a viewer has to an artwork s/he is appreciating is not an easy question. Understanding exactly what is the nature of our relationship to a specific art, such as architecture, is even less obvious. To tackle this intricate issue, there will be a common thread, which is the work of Constantine Cavafy, a Greek poet whose life and poetry were closely tied to his beloved city: Alexandria. Through his work, we will aim to grasp better the nature of this particular relationship one can have to one's own city: what such a relation consists of and what its properties are. A main hypothesis put forth is that the relationship between the viewer–citizen and their own city is imposed and inescapable and, as such, the architecture of one’s city, is not only outside us—“in the city”—but also within us— “in our mind.” To make this claim more precise, we will examine some metaphysical properties of the city, as an ontological category, and in particular, its relation to time.
Abuse and neglect of older people in health facilities from the perspective of nursing professionals: A cross‐sectional study from Croatia
Authors: Neuberg Marijana , Pudmej Ešegović Veronika , Križaj Mateja , Cikač Tina , Meštrović Tomislav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbuse and neglect of older people represent a salient public health issue that remains understudied in the current literature. However, most studies have focused on estimating the prevalence of mistreatment of older people, while litter priority has been put on healthcare professionals and their role in addressing this problem.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to determine nurses' perceptions of neglect and abuse of older persons within health facilities in Croatia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with convenience sampling approach was conducted on 632 nursing professionals between 26 March and 26 April 2020. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. A questionnaire from Drennan et al. (NCPOP, University College Dublin, Dublin, 2012), previously adapted by Neuberg et al. (Arch Ind Hyg Toxicol, 68, 2017, 190), was used as a survey instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics has been used, as well as multivariable methods (reliability analysis). Significance was set at p < .05 (two‐tailed).ResultsAbuse/neglect of older people was observed by 13.8% to 57.4% of nursing professionals, depending on the incident type. The most prevalent incidents observed were ignoring the call of an older person (57.4%), shouting at an older person in anger (41.1%) and force‐feeding an older person (34.5%), while the least prevalent incidents observed were denial of food or some privileges as a form of punishment (13.8%). Male nursing professionals reported observing various forms of abuse significantly more often than their female counterparts (p = .038), without statistically significant age‐related differences. Furthermore, mistreatment of older people was much more frequently observed in nursing homes (p = .013), with suboptimal the ratio of caregivers and care recipients, as well as by nursing professionals who work in shifts (p = .012). Reliability analysis demonstrated a satisfactory level of internal consistency for the used questionnaire.ConclusionsThis study reinforces neglect and abuse of older people as a growing public health problem and puts the emphasis on its perception; hence, there is a need for systematic and continuous training of nursing professionals on preventing, identifying and responding to such mistreatment, with the aim of enhancing the quality of life in this vulnerable group.Implications for practiceThis study contributes to the growing body of research on the quality of evidence‐based nursing care of older people, most notably from providers' perspective ‐ with direct implications for policy, practice, research and training.
Correlation Analysis between Tibial Tuberosity‐Trochlear Groove Distance and Other Patellar Stability Parameters in Young and Middle‐aged Populations
Authors: Qi Yang , Liu Jingyan , Sun Man , Wang Zhi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe exact mechanism of patellofemoral instability has not been clearly clarified. The current study aims to explore the correlation between the tibial tuberosity‐trochlear groove (TT‐TG) distance and other patellar stability parameters.MethodsA total of 60 individuals aged 18 to 40 years who underwent knee computed tomography (CT) examination between September 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively recruited. Five reference sites were selected on the femoral trochlear articular surface in every CT image. The TT‐TG distance and the trochlear groove angles (TGA) at the five reference sites were measured. The patellar ligament length (PLL), patellar length (PL), medial patellar retinaculum length (MPRL) and lateral patellar retinaculum length (LPRL) were quantitatively analyzed. The TT‐TG distances on different knee sides or in different sexes were compared. The relationships between the TT‐TG distance and TGA, PLL/PL, MPRL, and LPRL were analyzed by Spearman's method. Comparison analysis among patellar stability parameters was analyzed using ANOVA or two‐tailed Student's t test.ResultsVariance analysis revealed no significant differences in the TT‐TG distances among the five positions of the femoral trochlea (F = 0.67, P = 0.62) but significant differences among the five femoral TGAs at the five reference sites (F = 380.37, P < 0.01). Notably, an increasing tendency of the TT‐TG distance was observed in the sexes (male, range 16.61–19.68 mm; female, range 14.37–17.38 mm) and knee sides (left knee, range 14.37–18.43 mm; right knee, range 15.80–19.68 mm). The TGA at site 1 of the femoral trochlear cartilage was the largest, with an angle of 151.97° ± 10.4°, and then gradually decreased to the smallest when the cartilage disappeared at site 5, with an angle of 92.05° ± 10.01°. Interestingly, there was a positive relationship between the TT‐TG distance at site 1 and TGA in the right knees of males (r = 0.490, P = 0.033) as well as LPRL in the left knees of males (r = −0.420; P = 0.046). There were no correlations between the TT‐TG distance and the other patellar stability parameters, including TGA, PLL/PL, MPRL, and LPRL.ConclusionAmong young and middle‐aged populations, patella surgeries should be carefully determined based on the comprehensive consideration of these patellar stability parameters rather than the TT‐TG distance alone. Differences in sex and knee side should also be considered.
Catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia originated from the left atrial epicardium
Authors: Wang Shixin , Yang Gang , Ju Weizhu , Sun Xingxing , Chen Hongwu , Chen Minglong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA patient was referred with frequent atrial tachycardia (AT) attacks. Activation mapping showed that the left atrium (LA) roof was earlier activated with a broad region, and right atrial activation was delayed. The far‐field A wave corresponding to the pulmonary artery area was advanced with failed ablation. Therefore, the AT could be left atrial epicardial origin, which was further confirmed by the successful ablation at earliest activated site at the epicardium.