bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and child factors associated with late neonatal bathing practices in Nigeria: Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Appiah Francis , Adde Kenneth Setorwu , Boakye Kingsley , Fenteng Justice Ofosu Darko , Darteh Andrews Ohene , Salihu Tarif , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Ayerakwah Patience Ansomah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Two-hundred and seventy out of every thousand live births died in Nigeria in 2019. These deaths are attributable to infections, complications of preterm birth and intrapartum-related conditions. The World Health Organization and Save the Children recommend withholding bathing of neonates until 24 hours after birth or until their vital signs become stable to prevent hypothermia. Despite the link between neonatal bathing and thermal control, the subject is understudied in Nigeria. This study aimed at investigating the maternal and child factors associated with late neonatal bathing practices in Nigeria.
Methods
The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and extracted data from the women’s file of the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (2018 NDHS). The unit of analysis was limited to 12,972 women aged 15–49 who had complete data for the study. The outcome variable for the study was “late neonatal bathing (LNB)” conceptualized as delaying bathing of newborns until 24 hours after birth. At 95% confidence interval, two logistic regression models were built with Model I consisting of only maternal factors whilst Model II contained both maternal and child factors. The results of the final model were presented as adjusted odds ratio (aOR).
Results
Descriptively, 12% (CI = 0.122–0.134) of the women aged 15–49 bathed their neonates after 24 hours of delivery. Inferentially, women with secondary/higher education [AOR = 1.30, CI = 1.05–1.61], the rich [AOR = 1.24, CI = 1.03–1.50], those with access to mass media [AOR = 131, CI = 1.15–1.50], women that professed other religions [AOR = 9.28, CI = 4.24–17.56], those who delivered in a health facility [AOR = 1.93, CI = 1.66–2.25], whose child was small in size at birth [AOR = 1.46, CI = 1.21–1.77] and delivered by caesarean section [AOR = 2.50, CI = 1.97–3.18] had higher odds of bathing their neonates 24 hours after birth. The likelihood to bath neonates 24 hours after birth decreased among women who were into sales [AOR = 0.71, CI = 0.52–0.97], women with parity two [AOR = 0.75, CI = 0.61–0.92] and rural residents [AOR = 0.83, CI = 0.74–0.96].
Conclusions
The proportion of women aged 15 to 49 who practiced late neonatal bathing was generally low. To improve the practice of late neonatal bathing, much concerted effort should be directed to women's education and approaches of increasing receptivity of late neonatal bathing among pregnant women through the media. The Nigerian’s Ministry of Health should incorporate routine counseling on the risks of bathing newborns prematurely into ANC and PNC.
Microbial degradation of organophosphorous compounds by Soil bacterial isolates
Authors: Chauhan Vinita , Dhaked Ram Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several bacterial strains that can use organophosphates as a source of carbon have been isolated from the soil, where the synthesis of organophosphorus compound takes places. The enrichment of biodegrading bacteria for OP compound was carried out in mineral salt (MS1) medium. All these organisms synthesize an enzyme called organophosphorus hydrolase in each case the enzyme is encoded by a opd gene. The isolates were grouped together using pyro GC, PAGE and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Two species of bacteria which are degrading OP compound effectively were identified as sp. of Pseudomonas and Acinetobactor. Organophosphates were utilized second preferred after glucose as carbon source by these bacteria whereas acetate and lactose exhibited minimum effect on growth. Degradation of organophosphorus compound by the bacterial isolates was determined by the estimation of concentration of inorganic phosphorus after 12 and 24 h. The biodegradation of methyl parathion, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and sarin proceeded rapidly with the formation of a series of intermediate product, which were analyzed using a combination of GC/MS.
GA-WEO: A Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Heterogeneous Task Scheduling on Cloud Environment
Authors: L Javid Ali , N Gobalakrishnan , K Pradeep 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth of cloud computing is astounding in the business and research domains in the last decade. The popularity of cloud could be attributed to the virtualization technology. To achieve balance and due to resource scarcity during peak load period, a few of those tasks are migrated to other datacenters. The potential of cloud computing can be harvested to its fullest by employing efficient task scheduling techniques. In cloud, focus is on makespan and maximum system utilization phenomenon owing to which tasks may be scheduled on different virtual machines. Meta-heuristic scheduling algorithms could be employed to provide solution to such issues since task scheduling is a NP-hard problem. In this proposed research work, a integration of Genetic Water Evaporation Optimization Algorithm (GWEO) had been presented for efficiently scheduling of tasks on a heterogeneous cloud environment. The proposed research work objective is to minimize the time of task execution, cost and energy consumed by the resources during task execution. The proposed hybrid GWEO algorithm is hybridization of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Water Evaporation Optimization Algorithm (WEO). Different datasets had been employed for evaluating the proposed GWEO algorithm. The proposed hybrid technique performance was evolved for the metrics cost, energy and execution time using CloudSim toolkit. The experimental results obtained through simulation had been compared with other algorithms, which showed that the proposed GWEO technique achieve a significant improvement in the QoS metrics (cost, energy consumption and execution time).
Nearest neighbours weighted composite likelihood based on pairs for (non-)Gaussian massive spatial data with an application to Tukey-hh random fields estimation
Authors: Caamaño-Carrillo Christian , Bevilacqua Moreno , López Cristian , Morales-Oñate Víctor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper we propose a highly scalable method for (non-)Gaussian random fields estimation.In particular, we propose a novel (a)symmetric weight function based on nearest neighboursfor the method of maximum weighted composite likelihood based on pairs (WCLP).
The proposed weight function allows estimating massive (up to millions) spatial datasetsand improves the statistical efficiency of the WCLP method using symmetric weights based on distances, as shown in the numerical examples.
As an application of the proposed method we consider the estimation of a novel non-Gaussian random field named Tukey-hh random field that has flexible marginal distributions, possibly skewed and/or heavy-tailed. In an extensive simulation study we explore the statistical efficiency of the proposed nearest neighbours WCLP method with respect to the WCLP method using weights based on distances when estimating the parameters of the Tukey-hh random field.
In the Gaussian case we also compare the proposed method with the Vecchia approximation from computational and statistical viewpoints.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated by estimating a large dataset of mean temperatures in South-America.Our developments have been implemented in an open-source package for the R statistical environment.
Target organ toxicity in rats after subchronic oral exposure to soil extracts containing a complex mixture of contaminants
Authors: Boamah Bright , Barnsley Sarah , Finch Lian , Briens Jennifer , Siciliano Steven , Hogan Natacha , Hecker Markus , Hanson Mark , Campbell Patrick , Peters Rachel , Manek Aditya , Al-Dissi Ahmad N. , Weber Lynn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Complex mixtures of unknown contaminants present a challenge to identify toxicological risks without using large numbers of animals and labour-intensive screens of all organs. This study examined soil extracts from a legacy contaminated pesticide packaging and blending site. HepG2 cytotoxicity was used as an initial screen of 18 soil samples to identify the most toxic extracts for testing in animals. Then, target organ toxicities were identified following biweekly oral gavage for one month of three soil extracts (0.1% in polyethylene glycol or PEG) compared to vehicle control in male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 9–10/group). Exposure to extract A significantly increased neutrophils and lymphocytes compared to control. In contrast, all extracts increased plasma α-2 macroglobulin and caused mild to moderate lymphocytic proliferation within the spleen white pulp, all indicative of inflammation. Rats exposed to all soil extracts exhibited acute tubular necrosis. Cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in plasma, but not brain, after exposure to extract A compared to control. Increased hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity compared to control was observed following exposure to extracts A and B. Exposure to soil extract C in rats showed a prolonged QTc interval in electrocardiography as well as increased brain lipid peroxidation. Candidate contaminants are organochlorine, organophosphate/carbamate pesticides or metabolites. Overall, HepG2 cytotoxicity did not successfully predict the neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity observed with extract C, but was more successful with suspected hydrocarbon toxicities in extracts A and B. Caution should be taken when extrapolating the observation of no effects from in vitro cell culture to in vivo toxicity and better cell culture lines or assays should be explored.
Potential effects of pyocyanin on the antibacterial action of ampicillin and cefotaxime against human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: AL-Janabi Ali Abdul Hussein S. , Mohamed Jenan Khadem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pyocyanin (PCN) is a blue–green pigment mainly produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has antimicrobial effects on a variety of organisms. Ampicillin (AMP) and cefotaxime (CTX) are widely used against bacterial pathogens as important antibacterial agents. The effect of PCN on the antibacterial action of AMP and CTX has been studied. PCN from P. aeruginosa was extracted by chloroform method. Two PCN concentrations (2 and 4 µg/ml) were combined separately with a variety of AMP and CTX concentrations. Change in the antibacterial activity of AMP and CTX against 14 isolated pathogenic bacteria after combination has been investigated. The antibacterial activity of AMP decreased against 7 bacterial isolates when mixed with 4 µg/ml of PCN, while this activity increased against the majority of bacteria after mixing with 2 µg/ml. CTX activity was also reduced against 12 bacterial isolates by 4 µg/ml of PCN, while it was not generally affected by 2 µg/ml. in conclusion; PCN had variable effects on the antibacterial activity of AMP and CTX, which varied mainly between decreased activity and absence of effects. A low concentration of PCN was more effective in increasing the action of AMP, but had no effect on the action of CTX.
A Prefix Based Approach for Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation in Underwater Communication
Authors: Bhadouria Vijay Singh , Agrawal Monika , Kumar Ritesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Developing a reliable and robust underwater acoustic communication system is a difficult task, due to the complicated nature of the underwater channel, non-stationary noise, and a number of other factors. Indeed, channel estimation or equalization presents numerous challenges in this non-stationary, highly Doppler, multipath environment; as a result, traditional equalizers and PLL-based methods have limited performance. Generally, communication over such time-varying channels is accomplished via packets that contain a prefix/preamble signal for training, a payload containing the actual data, and a silent period for proper alignment. The prefix signal must be designed properly because it is used to estimate the channel and also to determine the start of packet. This paper proposes a novel prefix signal based on the hyperbolic chirp signal, where its Doppler invariance properties enable the extraction of the entire packet even when Doppler and severe multipath are present. Additionally, this proposed prefix enables an efficient and accurate method for fully characterising an underwater channel. The proposed prefix signal is used to estimate the multipath delay and amplitude, and different Doppler scales. Extensive simulations using various channel models are used to determine the proposed method robustness and efficacy under a wide range of conditions. Additionally, the proposed algorithm has been validated on a real-world channel.
Effect of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Blossom-end Rot Incidence in Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Patio Hybrid1
Authors: Halterlein A. J. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of MagAmp as a nutrient source in 6 low Ca media reduced blossom-end rot (BER) incidence in ‘Patio Hybrid’ tomato. When Osmocote alone supplied the nutrients, BER incidence was significantly higher than when MagAmp was the sole nutrient source. A combination of MagAmp and Osmocote significantly reduced BER incidence below that observed when Osmocote was the sole nutrient source. Indirect evidence that Mg may have substituted for Ca in maintaining normal metabolism of the fruit is presented.
Changes in Various Constituents of Onion as Influenced by Two Light Regimes1
Authors: Whiteside William F. , Vandemark Joseph S. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Onions (Allium cepa L. cv. Spanish Beauty) were seeded in a glasshouse and grown with or without supplemental light and then transplanted into the field. Plants harvested at various times were separated into leaves, roots, and bulbs and analyzed for chlorophyll, total carbohydrate, protein and dry weight. Onion leaves increased in all parameters measured for 21 weeks and then declined rapidly. Bulbs steadily increased in total carbohydrate, protein and dry weight. Supplemental light treatments increased onion weight at transplanting and at harvest. The increased weight was due to more carbohydrate and leaves per plant.
Plant Nutrition and Citrus Fruit Crop Quality and Yield
Authors: Embleton Tom W. , Jones Winston W. , Platt Robert G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of plant nutrients on citrus fruit quality cannot be considered independently of their effects on yield. In some cases quality can be improved by sacrificing some yield;however, from the overall economic point of view, it is usually advantageous to sustain maximum fruit yield even though there may be some sacrifice in fruit quality. This report emphasizes the nutrient effects on quality in the ranges in which we expect maximum yield to be sustained. If the deficient ranges for yield are included, the degree of effects on quality is greater. The nutrient ranges and effects discussed are primarily those encountered by the authors under California conditions.
Organic vs. Inorganic Nutrition and Horticultural Crop Quality1
Authors: Barker Allen V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Until the development of modern chemical fertilizers began in about 1840, natural and organic materials supplied virtually all the plant nutrients to the soil. The use of chemical fertilizers increased gradually until about 1940. Since then the total consumption of chemical fertilizers in the United States has increased nearly fivefold to about 40,000,000 tons annually (28). The development and use of modern chemical fertilizers has decreased the relative importance of organic fertilizers. Today, organic materials account for less than 1% of the N fertilizers sold in this country (27). Phosphate rock materials account for about 20% of the present P fertilizer consumption in the United States, and over 85% of these materials are consumed in Illinois and Missouri (4). Natural potassic fertilizers, such as seaweed, greensand, and granite dust, apparently account for an insignificant fraction of the K fertilizer materials sold in this country, since muriate of potash alone accounts for nearly 90% of the commercial K fertilizers consumed here (4).
Effect of Foliar Application of Nutrients on Creasing of ‘Valencia’ Oranges1
Authors: Bar-Akiva A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray applications of ammonium phosphate were more effective than potassium nitrate sprays in reducing creasing of ‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Ammonium phosphate decreased fruit size and increased its soluble solid content. Potassium nitrate applied before or after ammonium phosphate prevented smaller fruit and increased the effectiveness of ammonium phosphate in preventing creasing.
Optimal Management of Greenhouse Crops1
Authors: Goh B. S. , Peng W. Y. , Vincent T. L. , Riley J. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Controlled-environment agriculture gives the greenhouse manager freedom to take advantage of opportunities which are unavailable in open-field agriculture. To take full advantage of this flexibility, a greenhouse manager must be prepared to be responsive to current crop production and market conditions. In this study, the problem of managing greenhouse crops for either maximum production or profit of operation is examined, particularly the question of when to terminate a given crop and to plant new seedlings. The effects on production of dividing the greenhouse to permit crops at different stages of maturity to be grown simultaneously are considered. The annual price fluctuation and its effect on crop scheduling decisions is discussed. A formal mathematical model for crop production is not needed in order to formulate an objective decision making method, rather one may make use of current and past production data to make crop management decisions. A decision-making guideline (an algorithm) based on some simple observations from the definition of a maximum is presented and used throughout as a guide for management.
Obtaining Small Peach Plants Containing All Bud Types for “Rest” and Dormancy Studies1
Authors: Couvillon G. A. , King G. A. , Moore C. M. , Bush Parshall 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method for obtaining small (15-25 cm) plants of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] with all bud types present was developed by rooting peach cuttings following flower bud initiation. These small plants permit studies to be carried out in controlled-environmental chambers. The rest and dormancy periods of the rooted cuttings were similar to large field-grown trees of the same cultivar.
Mechanical Harvester Vibration Rates Related to Winter Kill of Highbush Blueberry Branches1
Authors: Howell G. S. , Stergios B. G. , Stackhouse S. S. , Bittenbender H. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Winter injury to branches of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium australe Small cv. Jersey) resulted when mechanical harvester use caused lesions on the branches during the harvesting process. Of the dead wood collected during 2 years study, more than 99% had such a lesion. The amount of wood lost increased as the vibration rates of the harvester increased and at high rates loss of bearing surface reduced production the following season.
Profile of a Researcher1
Authors: Wittwer S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I first met Bob Carolus 30 years ago at an annual ASHS meeting at St. Louis. Bob had just moved to the then Michigan State College to head up the vegetable program in teaching and research in the Department of Horticulture. As usual, he was promoting something new. This time it was prepackaging of fresh produce for protection and preservation. He had a special meeting and displayed samples – some of the first examples I’d ever seen of plastics – plastics for prepackaging. A package you could see through. There was also stretch film. I was fascinated. Each subsequent contact with him has been stimulating, invigorating, enlightening, and encouraging. Bob Carolus never lacks for vision and ideas.
Effects of Ethephon on Abscission of Vegetative and Reproductive Structures of Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Webster Barbara D. , Craig Mary E. , Tucker C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 250 ppm controlled bud and flower abscission but not young pod abscission of ‘Dark Red Kidney’ bean. Leaf abscission was unaffected, intemodal elongation was temporarily retarded, and the number of seeds but not the number of pods produced exceeded that of untreated plants but the difference in seed production was not significant. Treatment with 500 ppm ethephon resulted in a pattern of abscission similar to that of untreated plants. At higher concentrations (1000 and 2000 ppm) abscission of reproductive structures and of leaves was promoted. Seed production, seed maturity, and seed size were reduced. New leaves were pendant and were smaller than those of untreated plants.
Annual Flowering and Growth Habit in Cabbage—Broccoli Crosses1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Wahlert W. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When inbred lines of cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group)] and green sprouting broccoli [B. oleracea L. (Italica group)] were crossed, F1 plants were annual in flowering, tall, and generally resembled broccoli. Of 2,724 F2 plants, 43% developed visible flower buds during the field-growing season, which appeared to be too short for full expression of annual habit. Annual versus biennial habit and time of flower bud appearance in annual plants seemed to be under quantitative genetic control. Height varied from that of typical cabbage to that of broccoli and greater, and was not related to apparent annual habit or general appearance of the plants. Though some plants resembled cabbage in leaf type and form of the terminal rosette, no typical heading cabbages were recovered.
Comparative Plant Growth-retarding Activities of Ancymidol with ACPC, Phosfon, Chlormequat, and SADH on Ornamental Plant Species1
Authors: Cathey Henry M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemical growth retardants are unique in the history of chemical regulation of plants. All types thus far used by growers have been synthetics. Unlike many other classes of growth regulators, we have thus far not detected the naturally occurring chemicals that account for the development of dwarf plants. For one reason, dwarf plants may result from reduced or degenerated biosynthetic pathways for the natural production of gibberellin-like compounds. Also, they may result from the synthesis of a number of interrelated compounds, which separately have little effect on growth. In certain combinations and concentrations, however, they affect cell division and expansion control systems. Chemical growth retardants permit a direct approach to growth control by retarding internode elongation without seriously disrupting the growth processes that involve chlorophyll and phytochrome. They permit growers to predetermine the size of the plant for many different uses and have become an integral part of many plant production systems (Fig. 1). Florists’ and nurserymen’s catalogs designate cultivars as particularly responsive to a specific chemical growth retardant.