bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid poisoning during pregnancy: prevalence, characteristics, and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Kelty Erin , Pyle Anwyn , Preen David B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While it has been postulated that opioid poisoning during pregnancy may cause adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, the harm associated with opioid poisoning during pregnancy has not been robustly examined. Pregnant women admitted to hospital or presenting to the emergency department (ED) in Western Australia (WA) with a diagnosis of opioid poisoning were identified by linking state midwifery records with hospital and ED administrative data. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared with opioid poisoning that occurred in the 12 months prior to conception or the 12 months following birth. Between 2003 and 2018, 57 neonates were born to women who had experienced opioid poisoning during pregnancy (14.1 per 100,000 births) in WA. The incidence of opioid poisoning in the year prior to pregnancy (IRR: 3.04, 95%CI: 2.30, 4.02) and the year following pregnancy (IRR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.46, 2.64) was significantly higher than during pregnancy. Opioid poisoning during pregnancy was less likely to involve multiple substances and be intentional (rather than accidental). Neonatal conditions associated with in utero hypoxia were significantly less common in neonates born to women who experience opioid poisoning prior to pregnancy compared with during pregnancy (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.80). Opioid poisoning in pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of other serious adverse neonatal outcomes. Opioid poisoning during pregnancy is uncommon and less likely to be intentional and involve multiple substances. Opioid poisoning during pregnancy is likely associated with an increased risk of conditions associated with in utero hypoxia.
A knowledge-driven approach for designing data analytics platforms
Authors: Bandara Madhushi , Rabhi Fethi A. , Bano Muneera 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBig data analytics technologies are rapidly expanding across all industry sectors as organisations try to make analytics an integral part of their everyday decision-making. Although there are many software tools and libraries to assist analysts and software engineers in developing solutions, organisations are looking for flexible analytics platforms that can address their specific objectives and requirements. To minimise costs, such platforms also need to co-exist with existing IT infrastructures and reuse knowledge and resources already accumulated within the organisation. To address such needs, this paper proposes the Data Analytics Solution Engineering (DASE) framework—a knowledge-driven approach supported by semantic web technologies for requirements engineering, design and development of new data analytics platforms. It includes a meta-model that captures data analytics platform requirements via a Knowledge Base, a set of guidelines that organisations can follow in engineering data analytics platforms and a reference architecture that demonstrates how to use these guidelines. We evaluate the DASE framework through two case studies and demonstrate how it can facilitate knowledge-based and requirements-driven data analytics platform engineering. The resulting data analytics platforms are observed to be user friendly, easy to maintain and flexible in handling changes to requirements. This work contributes to the body of knowledge in knowledge-driven requirements engineering, and data analytics platform engineering by providing a meta-model and a reference architecture that can be tailored to different analytics application domains.
Aberrant brain dynamics and spectral power in children with ADHD and its subtypes
Authors: Luo Na , Luo Xiangsheng , Zheng Suli , Yao Dongren , Zhao Min , Cui Yue , Zhu Yu , Calhoun Vince D. , Sun Li , Sui Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children, usually categorized as three subtypes, predominant inattention (ADHD-I), predominant hyperactivity-impulsivity (ADHD-HI), and a combined subtype (ADHD-C). Yet, common and unique abnormalities of electroencephalogram (EEG) across different subtypes remain poorly understood. Here, we leveraged microstate characteristics and power features to investigate temporal and frequency abnormalities in ADHD and its subtypes using high-density EEG on 161 participants (54 ADHD-Is and 53 ADHD-Cs and 54 healthy controls). Four EEG microstates were identified. The coverage of salience network (state C) were decreased in ADHD compared to HC (p = 1.46e-3), while the duration and contribution of frontal–parietal network (state D) were increased (p = 1.57e-3; p = 1.26e-4). Frequency power analysis also indicated that higher delta power in the fronto-central area (p = 6.75e-4) and higher power of theta/beta ratio in the bilateral fronto-temporal area (p = 3.05e-3) were observed in ADHD. By contrast, remarkable subtype differences were found primarily on the visual network (state B), of which ADHD-C have higher occurrence and coverage than ADHD-I (p = 9.35e-5; p = 1.51e-8), suggesting that children with ADHD-C might exhibit impulsivity of opening their eyes in an eye-closed experiment, leading to hyper-activated visual network. Moreover, the top discriminative features selected from support vector machine model with recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) well replicated the above results, which achieved an accuracy of 72.7% and 73.8% separately in classifying ADHD and two subtypes. To conclude, this study highlights EEG microstate dynamics and frequency features may serve as sensitive measurements to detect the subtle differences in ADHD and its subtypes, providing a new window for better diagnosis of ADHD.
Applicability of d-excess and 17O-excess as groundwater tracers for determination of recharge area
Authors: Machida Isao , Ono Masahiko , Kamitani Takafumi , Muranaka Yasuhide 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMethods to determine the recharge elevation of groundwater using the altitude effect of δD and δ18O have been extensively applied in hydrogeological investigations. The secondary parameter d-excess has also been used as a groundwater tracer. In this study, to examine the usefulness of these tracers along with 17O-excess, ~160 groundwater samples were collected from a humid region at the foot of Mt. Fuji, Japan. The sampling area covered 40 × 45 km, with most sampling sites located below 1,000 m above sea level. The relatively low elevation and small scale of the basin allowed for examination of the elevation-dependence of groundwater isotopes. Using high-precision isotope analyses, a low lapse rate but clear elevation-dependence in spring waters was observed for d-excess (0.18‰·100 m−1). The recharge elevation determined by d-excess correlated with those by δD and δ18O, indicating that d-excess has high potential as a groundwater tracer for the determination of recharge elevation. On the other hand, 17O-excess in groundwater held small spatial variation, with an average of 25 per meg in the horizontal direction and a lapse rate of 0.6 per meg·100 m−1. The low lapse rate compared to the analysis error inhibits its usefulness as a tracer. The fact that the recharge elevation determined by δD, δ18O, and d-excess were similar indicates that the combination of these tracers could increase the reliability of the results.
Rare stroke mechanisms in 4154 consecutive patients: causes, predictors, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Vicino Alex , Sirimarco Gaia , Eskandari Ashraf , Lambrou Dimitris , Maeder Philippe , Dunet Vincent , Michel Patrik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Rare mechanisms of stroke (RMS) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have rarely been studied applying a systematic approach. Our aim was to define the frequency, etiologies, predictors, and outcomes of RMS in a consecutive series of AIS.

Methods
Data from consecutive patients from 2003 to 2016 were derived from the Acute STroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL). Frequency of subcategories of RMS was calculated. In a case–control design, RMS were compared to strokes of all other mechanisms. Outcome was assessed with 3-month Rankin-shift and 12-month mortality and recurrence rates.

Results
Out of 4154 AISs, 222 (5.3%) were found to have a RMS (42.0% female, median age 66 years). The most frequent RMS etiologies were medical interventions (25.6%), active oncological disease (22.5%), and vasculitis (11.7%). In multivariate analysis, RMS patients were younger, had more preceding and bilateral strokes, and a higher admission temperature. They were associated with less traditional risk factors and more systemic disease (such as AIDS, coagulopathy, and cancer). RMS also had more early ischemic changes on plain CT, less revascularization treatments, and more symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations. They presented significantly higher 3-month disability (Rankin-shift-ORadj 1.74), 12-month recurrence (ORadj 1.99), and mortality rates (ORadj 2.41).

Conclusions
RMS occurred in 5.3% of a large population of consecutive AISs and are most frequently related to medical interventions, cancer, and vasculitis. RMS patients have less traditional risk factors but more systemic comorbidities, hemorrhagic transformations, recurrences, and a worse long-term outcome. Identification of RMS has direct implications for early treatment and long-term outcome.
Assessing logging residues availability for energy production by using forest management plans data and geographic information system (GIS)
Authors: Nonini Luca , Schillaci Calogero , Fiala Marco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the work was to quantify the mass of logging residues (branches and tops; t yr−1 dry matter, DM) for energy generation starting from Forest Management Plans (FMP) data. The methodology was applied to public stands of an Italian district (area: 3.60 × 104 ha; period: 2009–2018). Compared to the previous preliminary analysis, the potentially available residues were computed considering forest accessibility and road traversability, by combining FMPs data with a geographic information system (GIS). New issues that were assessed here were: (i) representation of stands consisting of multiple disconnected parts; (ii) calculation of producible residues by using different values of biomass expansion factors (Scenario 1, S1; Scenario 2, S2). The potentially available residues computed for the analyzed period were used to quantify the current sustainable supply. Then, the potentially generated heat (thermal energy, TE; GJ yr−1) and electricity (EE; GJ yr−1), and the potentially avoided CO2 emissions into the atmosphere (EM; t yr−1 CO2) related to the final combustion process were computed by assuming that the current supply of residues was used as woodchips in a local centralized heating plant currently operating. For both S1 and S2, the large difference between the potentially producible and the potentially available residues demonstrated that geodata are essential for reliable estimations. Moreover, as the required information for the GIS analysis can be easily found in databases made available by forestry authorities, the proposed approach can be applied also to other areas; this could be helpful to support local decision-makers in defining sustainable practices for residues recovery.
Science advocacy in political rhetoric and actions
Authors: Quigley Mark , Silver Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‘Science’is a proportionately small but recurring constituent in the rhetorical lexicon of political leaders. To evaluate the use of science-related content relative to other themes in political communications, we undertake a statistical analysis of keywords in U.S. Presidential State of the Union (SOTU) addresses and Presidential Budget Messages (PBM) from Truman (1947) to Trump (2020). Hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses reveal proximate affinities between‘science’and‘research’, ‘space’, ‘technology’, ‘education’, and‘climate’. The keywords that are least correlated with‘science’relate to fiscal(‘inflation’, ‘tax’) and conflict-related themes (‘security’, ‘war’, ‘terror’). The most ubiquitous and frequently used keywords are‘economy’and‘tax’. Science-related keywords are used in a positive (promotional) rhetorical context and thus their proportionality in SOTU and PBM corpora is used to define fields of science advocacy (public perception advocacy, funding advocacy, advocacy) for each president. Monte Carlo simulations and randomized sampling of three elements:language(relative frequency of usage of science-related keywords),funding(proposed funding and allocated discretionary funding of science agencies), andactions(e.g. expediency of science advisor appointments, (dis-) establishment of science agencies) are used to generate ascience advocacy score (SAS)for each president. TheSASis compared with independent survey-based measures of political popularity. A myriad of political, contextual, and other factors may contribute to lexical choices, policy, and funding actions. Within this complex environment ‘science’ may have political currency under certain circumstances, particularly where public and political perceptions of the value of science to contribute to matters of priority align.
Effects of Parent-Implemented Interventions on Outcomes of Children with Autism: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Wai Man , Smith Timothy B. , Butler Marshall , Taylor Tina M. , Clayton Devan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to benefit from parent-implemented interventions (PIIs). This meta-analysis improved on prior reviews of PIIs by evaluating RCTs and multiple potential moderators, including indicators of research quality. Fifty-one effect sizes averaged moderately strong overall benefits of PIIs (g = 0.553), with studies having lower risk of research bias yielding lower estimates (g = 0.47). Parent and observer ratings yielded similar averaged estimates for positive behavior/social skills (g = 0.603), language/communication (g = 0.545), maladaptive behavior (g = 0.519), and to a lesser extent, adaptive behavior/life skills (g = 0.239). No other study, intervention, or participant characteristic moderated outcomes. PIIs with children with ASD tend to be effective across a variety of circumstances.
Deep-learning systems for diagnosing cleft palate on panoramic radiographs in patients with cleft alveolus
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Kise Yoshitaka , Fukuda Motoki , Nishiyama Masako , Funakoshi Takuma , Takeuchi Rihoko , Sana Airi , Kojima Norinaga , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to create effective deep learning-based models for diagnosing the presence or absence of cleft palate (CP) in patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft alveolus (CA) on panoramic radiographs.

Methods
The panoramic images of 491 patients who had unilateral or bilateral cleft alveolus were used to create two models. Model A, which detects the upper incisor area on panoramic radiographs and classifies the areas into the presence or absence of CP, was created using both object detection and classification functions of DetectNet. Using the same data for developing Model A, Model B, which directly classifies the presence or absence of CP on panoramic radiographs, was created using classification function of VGG-16. The performances of both models were evaluated with the same test data and compared with those of two radiologists.

Results
The recall, precision, and F-measure were all 1.00 in Model A. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were 0.95, 0.93, 0.70, and 0.63 for Model A, Model B, and the radiologists, respectively. The AUCs of the models were significantly higher than those of the radiologists.

Conclusions
The deep learning-based models developed in the present study have potential for use in supporting observer interpretations of the presence of cleft palate on panoramic radiographs.
Investment in roads and traffic safety: linked to economic development? A European comparison
Authors: Navarro-Moreno José , Calvo-Poyo Francisco , de Oña Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes how economic resources invested in roads may affect mortality, depending on the level of economic development of a country. To this end, 23 European countries were classified into two groups—high-income countries and low-income countries—according to their average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita over the period 1998–2016. The economic resources are considered through the investment in construction and the maintenance expenditure. Further variables are included to control for several factors related to the infrastructure, socioeconomics, legislation, and meteorology. Fixed-effects panel data models were built separately for the interurban road network of each group of countries. These models also capture the international inequalities within each group and the country-specific national trend for the study period. The main results indicate a reduction effect on the fatality rate of road maintenance expenditure (in both groups), and of the investment in construction (in the low-income countries). Other variables—such as proportion of motorways, motorization rate, unemployment rate, GDP per capita, alcohol consumption, Demerit Point System, and mean annual precipitation—showed statistically significant results as well. Finally, the country-specific fixed effects and the country-specific trend were mapped geographically, to better reflect national conditions for achieving lower fatality rates in the high-income countries, and greater progress in reducing fatalities in the low-income countries. In the end, this study provides evidence to policy-makers that can help to achieve a safer and more sustainable transport system, namely, how to tackle an ongoing major problem—traffic-related deaths—when attending and allocating the economic resources that road infrastructure needs.
Pragmatischere randomisierte Studien mit Fokus auf Registerbasierung
Authors: Lange Stefan , Lauterberg Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vom Studiendesign her stark einschränkende randomisiert kontrollierte Studien (RCT) mit hoch selektierten Teilnehmern und Bedingungen liefern Ergebnisse, deren Übertragbarkeit auf die klinische Routineversorgung und Nützlichkeit für Erstattungsentscheidungen bisweilen bezweifelt wird.

Fragestellung
Bieten vor dem erwähnten Hintergrund pragmatisch orientierte RCT und registerbasierte RCT Lösungspotenziale? Welche Chancen und Risiken sind mit pragmatischeren Studien verbunden, und welche methodischen Aspekte sind besonders zu beachten?

Methoden
Der Beitrag zeigt eine narrative Übersicht zu pragmatisch orientierten RCT und registerbasierten RCT mit Vorstellung des PRECIS-2-Ansatzes („pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary“) sowie einer Darstellung von Beispielstudien mit Diskussion methodischer Aspekte.

Ergebnisse
Klinische RCT zur vergleichenden Nutzenbewertung sind auf einem Kontinuum zwischen den Polen „sehr pragmatisch“ und „sehr explanatorisch“ angesiedelt. Eine Grenze, ab der ein RCT als pragmatisch bezeichnet wird, ist nicht konsentiert. Pragmatischere RCT sind häufig gekennzeichnet durch wenig selektierte, aber dafür große Patientengruppen, Einbettung in ein Normalversorgungssetting und patientenrelevante Outcomes. Sie verzichten meist auf nachhaltige Adhärenzsicherung der initial zugeordneten Behandlung, auf Verblindung und aufwendige Zwischenuntersuchungen. Dies kann allerdings zu interpretatorischen Problemen führen, v. a. wenn sich keine Interventionsunterschiede zeigen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Pragmatischere randomisierte Studien und registerbasierte RCT haben das Potenzial, mit ihren Ergebnissen zu wichtigen Entscheidungsgrundlagen für die klinische Praxis, aber auch für die Gesundheitspolitik und Erstattungsfragen zu werden. Um dieses Potenzial zu heben, sind allerdings noch manche Hürden vor allem gesetzlicher Art zu beseitigen.
Activating faith: pro-environmental responses to a Christian text on sustainability
Authors: Ives Christopher D. , Buys Clark , Ogunbode Charles , Palmer Matilda , Rose Aneira , Valerio Ruth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith growing attention on the importance of values, beliefs and worldviews in shaping environmental outcomes, there remains little research on religion and sustainability transformations. We explored the impact of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s environmentally themed Lent Book 2020 “Saying Yes to Life” on environmental values, attitudes and behaviours of lay Christians. An online survey administered before and after reading the book assessed environmental values, New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), connectedness to nature and environmental behaviours, and collected open responses to questions about participants’ perceptions. Follow-up focus groups were also held to understand experiences of cognitive and behavioural change. Analysis of paired data revealed significant increases in environmental behavioural intentions after completing the book, especially for energy use, food and recycling. Some evidence for strengthening of NEP scores and connectedness to nature was also found. Open text responses corroborated with quantitative measures of behaviour change. Additionally, the majority of participants reported some form of reinforcement, confirmation, or further development or change in their beliefs and attitudes. This included a reduction in anthropocentric beliefs and greater appreciation of and obligation towards the natural world. Focus group discussions revealed diverse participant experiences, including having pre-existing theological beliefs affirmed, responding with new practical actions, connecting with spiritual experiences, and discovering systemic origins of unsustainability. Findings suggest potential for environmental interventions within religious contexts to shape mindsets, integrate theological views with environmental concerns, activate latent beliefs, and initiate and sustain pro-environmental behaviour. More intentional engagement with religion may facilitate transformative change for sustainability internally and externally, and across individual, organisational and societal domains.
Muscle and Bone Defects in Metastatic Disease
Authors: Pauk Martina , Saito Hiroaki , Hesse Eric , Taipaleenmäki Hanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The present review addresses most recently identified mechanisms implicated in metastasis-induced bone resorption and muscle-wasting syndrome, known as cachexia.

Recent Findings
Metastatic disease in bone and soft tissues is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Recent studies have identified a number of secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles that contribute to cancer cell growth and metastasis leading to bone destruction and muscle atrophy. In addition, alterations in muscle microenvironment including dysfunctions in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism have been implicated in cancer-induced regeneration defect and muscle loss. Moreover, we review novel in vitro and animal models including promising new drug candidates for bone metastases and cancer cachexia.

Summary
Preservation of bone health could be highly beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and function. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular pathways implicated in bone and muscle crosstalk in metastatic disease may provide new insights and identify new strategies to improve current anticancer therapeutics.