bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intestinal microbiota on pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine a in rats
Authors: Zhou Jinping , Zhang Rui , Guo Pengpeng , Li Peixia , Huang Xixi , Wei Ye , Yang Chunxiao , Zhou Jiali , Yang Tingyu , Liu Yani , Shi Shaojun 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIntestinal microbiota has been confirmed to influencing the pharmacokinetic processes of a variety of oral drugs. However, the pharmacokinetic effects of the gut microbiota on cyclosporine A, a drug with a narrow therapeutic window, remain to be studied.MethodTwenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups: (a) control group (CON), (b) antibiotic treatment group (ABT) and (c) fecal microbe transplantation group (FMT). The ABT group was administrated with water containing multiple antibiotics to deplete microorganisms. FMT was with the same treatment, followed by oral administration of conventional rat fecal microorganisms for normalization.ResultThe bioavailability of CSA increased by 155.6% after intestinal microbes were consumed by antibiotics. After intestinal microbiota reconstruction by fecal transplantation, the increased bioavailability was significantly reduced and basically returned to the control group level. Changes in gut microbiota alter the protein expression of CYP3A1, UGT1A1 and P-gp in liver. The expressions of these three proteins in ABT group were significantly lower than those in CON and FMT groups. The relative abundance of Alloprevolleta and Oscillospiraceae UCG 005 was negatively correlated with CSA bioavailability while the relative abundance of Parasutterella and Eubacterium xylanophilum group was negatively correlated with CSA bioavailability.ConclusionIntestinal microbiota affects the pharmacokinetics of CSA by regulating the expression of CYP3A1, UGT1A1 and P-GP.
Therapeutic efficacy of n-Docosanol against velogenic Newcastle disease virus infection in domestic chickens
Authors: Orabi Ahmed , Hussein Ashraf , Saleh Ayman A. , Megahed Ayman M. , Metwally Mohamed , Moeini Hassan , Metwally Aya Sh. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe control of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection depends solely on vaccination which in most cases is not sufficient to restrain the consequences of such a highly evolving viral disease. Finding out substances for preparing an efficient anti-ND drug would be of high value. n-Docosanol is a saturated fatty alcohol with an inhibitory effect against many enveloped viruses. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of n-docosanol on NDV infection and shedding in chickens.MethodsChickens infected with a highly virulent NDV were treated with low to high concentrations of n-docosanol (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg body weight) for 4-successive days, once they showed the disease symptoms. Survival and curative rates, virus load, histopathological scoring, and virus shedding were defined.ResultsSymptoms development was found to discontinue 24–72 hours post-treatment. Survival rate in the NDV-infected chickens raised 37.4–53.2% after the treatment. n-Docosanol treatment was also found to significantly reduce virus load in the digestive (26.2–33.9%), respiratory (38.3–63%), nervous (26.7–51.1%), and lymphatic (16.4–29.1%) tissues. Histopathological scoring of NDV lesions revealed prominent rescue effects on the histology of different tissues. Importantly, n-docosanol treatment significantly reduced virus shedding in oropharyngeal discharge and feces thereby allowing the restriction of NDV spread.ConclusionOur findings suggest n-docosanol as a promising remedy in the control strategy of Newcastle disease in the poultry industry.
The divergent effects of moderate climate warming on the gut microbiota and energetic state of cold-climate lizards from open and semi-closed microhabitats
Authors: Liu Wanli , Yang Jing , Meng Yu , Wu Danyang , Cui Luoxin , Li Teng , Sun Baojun , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the physiological responses to warming temperatures is critical for evaluating the vulnerabilities of animals to climate warming. The physiological responses are increasingly affected by gut microbiota. However, the interactions between physiological responses and the gut microbiota of sympatric animals from various microhabitats in the face of climate change remain largely unknown.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of warming temperatures on animals from different microhabitats, we compared locomotor performance, metabolic rate, growth, survival, and gut microbiota of two sympatric ectothermic species (Eremias argus and Takydromus amurensis) from open and semi-closed microhabitats under present and moderate warming climate conditions, respectively.Results and discussionWe found that locomotor performance and growth rates of snout-vent length (SVL) were enhanced in both lizard species by warming climate. Interestingly, warming temperatures enhanced resting metabolic rates (RMR) in the open-habitat lizard, E. argus, but depressed them in the semi-closed habitat lizard, T. amurensis. Reversely, the metabolism-related gut microbiota was not affected by warming in E. argus, whereas it was significantly enhanced by warming in T. amurensis, indicating a plausible compensatory effect of the gut microbiota on the metabolic regulation of T. amurensis. Furthermore, warming likely improved immunity in both lizard species by significantly reducing pathogenic bacteria while increasing probiotics. This study found that high-latitude sympatric lizards from both open and semi-closed habitats were beneficial to warming temperatures by physiological modification and regulation of the gut microbiota and highlighted the importance of integrating the physiology and gut microbiota in evaluating the vulnerability of animals to climate warming.
Research trend of microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease based on CiteSpace (2012–2021): A bibliometrics analysis of 608 articles
Authors: Li Zi-Long , Ma Hao-Tian , Wang Meng , Qian Yi-Hua 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundRecently, research on the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has received increasing attention, and the number of studies related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased rapidly, but there is currently a lack of summary of MGBA in AD.ObjectiveTo capture research hotspots, grasp the context of disciplinary research, and explore future research development directions.MethodsIn the core dataset of Web of Science, documents are searched according to specific subject words. CiteSpace software is used to perform statistical analysis on measurement indicators such as the number of published papers, publishing countries, institutions, subject areas, authors, cocited journals, and keywords, and to visualize of a network of relevant content elements.ResultsThe research of MGBA in AD has shown an upward trend year by year, and the cooperation between countries is relatively close, and mainly involves the intersection of neuroscience, pharmacy, and microbiology. This research focuses on the relationship between MGBA and AD symptoms. Keyword hotspots are closely related to new technologies. Alzheimer’s disease, anterior cingulate cortex, inflammatory degeneration, dysbiosis, and other research are the focus of this field.ConclusionThe study revealed that the research and development of MGBA in AD rapidly progressed, but no breakthrough has been made in the past decade, it still needs to be closely combined with multidisciplinary technology to grasp the frontier hotspots. Countries should further strengthen cooperation, improve the disciplinary system, and increase the proportion of empirical research in all research.
Using inflammatory indexes and clinical parameters to predict radiation esophagitis in patients with small-cell lung cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Qiu Jianjian , Ke Dongmei , Lin Hancui , Yu Yilin , Zheng Qunhao , Li Hui , Zheng Hongying , Liu Lingyun , Li Jiancheng 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveRadiation esophagitis (RE) is a common adverse effect in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy. We aim to develop a novel nomogram to predict the acute severe RE (grade≥2) receiving chemoradiation in SCLC patients.Materials and methodsthe risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression, and a nomogram was constructed based on multivariate analysis results. The clinical value of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The correlations of inflammation indexes were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsEighty-four of 187 patients (44.9%) developed grade ≥2 RE. Univariate analysis indicated that concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT, p &lt; 0.001), chemotherapy cycle (p = 0.097), system inflammation response index (SIRI, p = 0.048), prognostic-nutrition index (PNI, p = 0.073), platelets-lymphocyte radio (PLR, p = 0.026), platelets-albumin ratio (PAR, p = 0.029) were potential predictors of RE. In multivariate analysis, CCRT [p &lt; 0.001; OR, 3.380; 95% CI, 1.767-6.465], SIRI (p = 0.047; OR, 0.436; 95% CI, 0.192-0.989), and PAR (p = 0.036; OR, 2.907; 95% CI, 1.071-7.891) were independent predictors of grade ≥2 RE. The AUC of nomogram was 0.702 (95% CI, 0.626-0.778), which was greater than each independent predictor (CCRT: 0.645; SIRI: 0.558; PAR: 0.559). Calibration curves showed high coherence between the predicted and actual observation RE, and DCA displayed satisfactory clinical utility.ConclusionIn this study, CCRT, SIRI, and PAR were independent predictors for RE (grade ≥2) in patients with SCLC receiving chemoradiotherapy. We developed and validated a predictive model through these factors. The developed nomogram with superior prediction ability can be used as a quantitative model to predict RE.
Disparities in efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor among patients with different extents of renal dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hu Suiyuan , Lin Chu , Cai Xiaoling , Zhu Xingyun , Lv Fang , Yang Wenjia , Ji Linong 
Published: November 2022

Background: The pleiotropic efficacy of SGLT2is in patients with different eGFR levels has not been well-understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the disparities in the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i treatment across stratified renal function.Methods: We searched four databases from inception to December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with reported baseline eGFR levels and absolute changes from baseline in at least one of the following outcomes: HbA1c, body weight, blood pressure, and eGFR. Continuous outcomes were evaluated as the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Categorical outcomes were evaluated as odds ratios (ORs) and accompanying 95% CIs.Results: In total, 86 eligible RCTs were included. SGLT2is produces a substantial benefit in glycemic control, weight control, and blood pressure control even in patients with impaired renal function. HbA1c and weight reductions observed in SGLT2i users were generally parallel with the renal function levels, although there was an augmented weight reduction in severe renal dysfunction stratum [HbA1c: −0.49% (−0.58 to −0.39%) for normal renal function, −0.58% (−0.66 to −0.50%) for mild renal function impairment, −0.22% (−0.35 to −0.09%) for moderate renal function impairment, and −0.13% (−0.67 to 0.42%) for severe renal function impairment (p &lt; 0.001 for subgroup differences); weight: −2.12 kg (−2.66 to −1.59 kg) for normal renal function, −2.06 kg (−2.31 to −1.82 kg) for mild renal function impairment; −1.23 kg (−1.59 to −0.86 kg) for moderate renal function impairment; −1.88 kg (−3.04 to −0.72 kg) for severe renal function impairment (p = 0.002 for subgroup differences)]. However, the blood pressure reduction observed in SGLT2i users was independent of renal function. When compared with the placebo, the occurrence of hypoglycemia was more frequent in patients with favorable renal function rather than in those with substantial renal dysfunction.Conclusion: The HbA1c and body weight reductions observed in SGLT2i users were generally parallel with their baseline eGFR levels, while blood pressure reductions in SGLT2i users were independent of their baseline eGFR levels. Consistently, when compared with the placebo, hypoglycemia was more frequent in patients with favorable renal function, where the HbA1c reduction was profound.
Economic impact of industry-sponsored clinical trials in inflammatory bowel diseases: Results from the national institute of gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”
Authors: Polignano Maurizio Gaetano , Pasculli Giuseppe , Trisolini Pietro , Di Lorenzo Michele Albino , Dalfino Giuseppe , Giannelli Gianluigi 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The majority of the money spent on possible new medications’ clinical trials is accounted for by the innovative pharmaceutical sector, which also stimulates the economy of a nation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical industry-sponsored clinical trials (ISCTs) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) towards the national health service (NHS) in terms of avoided costs and leverage effect.Methodology: The research was conducted at National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio De Bellis”, Castellana Grotte (Apulia, Italy) collecting data from profit ISCTs of pharmaceutical products conducted over the time period 2018-2020 with focus on inflammatory bowel diseases. After the quantification of health services and drug costs from the latter studies, avoided costs and leverage effects were then estimated.Results: The results on the avoided costs for healthcare facilities deriving from the conduct of clinical studies show that, in relation to the sample of five drug companies participating in our 2018-2020 analysis, out of a total of 235,102.46 €, identified as direct investment, 628,158.21 € of avoided costs for the NHS were measured, with an additional saving (leverage effect) for the NHS of 3.67 € for each € invested by the companies promoting clinical trials.Conclusion: Conducting profit clinical trials has practical benefits and a favourable macroeconomic impact that, by completing its limited resources, helps to sustain one country NHS thanks to the avoided costs while also contributing to locational and industrial policy while guaranteeing novel therapeutics and health services for the patients enrolled.
Binge drinking indirectly predicts a negative emotional memory bias through coping motivations and depressive symptoms: The role of sex/gender
Authors: Johnstone Samantha , Courtenay Kesia , Girard Todd A. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIn this three-part study, we investigate whether the associations between binge and problematic drinking patterns with a negative emotional memory bias (NMB) are indirectly related through coping motivations and depressive symptoms. We also address potential sex differences in these relations.MethodsParticipants (N = 293) completed the Timeline Followback to assess binge drinking, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess problematic alcohol use, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised to assess coping motivations, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 to assess depression. Participants were asked to identify whether 30 emotional sentences were self-referent or not in an incidental encoding task; 24 h later they were asked to recall as many sentences as possible and a negative memory bias score was calculated.ResultsAcross all three studies, we found significant bivariate relations between AUDIT scores, coping, depression, and an NMB, particularly for sentences participants deemed self-referent. In two undergraduate samples, there were significant indirect effects through coping motivations and depressive symptoms between binge drinking and an NMB in females as well as between AUDIT scores and an NMB in females only. In the community sample, there was only an indirect effect through coping motives, but this was observed in both females and males.ConclusionThese findings support a relation between binge drinking as well as problematic alcohol use and a self-referent NMB in the context of coping motivations for alcohol use and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the pattern of findings suggests this model primarily holds for females, yet may also apply to males at higher levels of problematic alcohol use.
Financial hardship and mental health among cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the US COVID-19 Household Impact Survey
Authors: Islam Jessica Y. , Turner Kea , Saeb Huda , Powell Margaux , Dean Lorraine T. , Camacho-Rivera Marlene 
Published: November 2022

PurposeOur objective was to (1) identify associated characteristics of financial hardship (FH), and (2) evaluate associations of FH with mental health symptoms among cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUsing data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey, we defined cancer survivors as those with a self-reported diagnosis of cancer (n = 854,7.6%). We defined FH using the following question: “Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for an unexpected $400 expense?” Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to identify associated characteristics of FH and associations of FH with mental health symptoms among cancer survivors overall and by age (18–59 years/60+ years).ResultsForty-one percent of cancer survivors reported FH, with 58% in 18–59 and 33% in 60+ year old respondents. Compared to cancer survivors aged 60+ years, those aged 30–44 (aPR:1.74,95% CI:1.35–2.24), and 45–59 years (aPR:1.60,95% CI:1.27–1.99) were more likely to report FH. Compared to non–Hispanic(NH)–White cancer survivors, NH–Black cancer survivors had a 56% higher prevalence of FH (aPR:1.56; 95% CI: 1.23–1.97). Among 60+ years aged cancer survivors, NH–Black (aPR:1.80; 95% CI: 1.32–2.45) and NH–Asian cancer survivors (aPR:10.70,95% CI:5.6–20.7) were more likely to experience FH compared to their NH–White counterparts. FH was associated with feeling anxious (aPR:1.51,95% CI:1.11–2.05), depressed (aPR:1.66,95% CI:1.25–2.22), and hopeless (aPR:1.84,95% CI:1.38–2.44).ConclusionMinoritized communities, younger adults, and cancer survivors with low socioeconomic status had a higher burden of FH, which was associated with feelings of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness.
Post-consultation acute respiratory tract infection recovery: a latent class-informed analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda , Stuart Beth , Zhu Shihua , Yao Guiqing , Moore Michael , Löffler Christin , Little Paul , Kenealy Timothy , Gillespie David , Francis Nick A , Bostock Jennifer , Becque Taeko , Arroll Bruce , Altiner Attila , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Hay Alastair D 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere is a lack of evidence regarding post-consultation symptom trajectories for patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and whether patient characteristics can be used to predict illness duration.AimTo describe symptom trajectories in patients with RTIs, and assess baseline characteristics and adverse events associated with trajectories.Design and settingThe study included data about 9103 adults and children from 12 primary care studies.MethodA latent class-informed regression analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials and observational cohort studies was undertaken. Post-consultation symptom trajectory (severity and duration), re-consultation with same or worsening illness, and admission to hospital were assessed.ResultsIn total, 90% of participants recovered from all symptoms by 28 days, regardless of antibiotic prescribing strategy (none, immediate, and delayed antibiotics). For studies of RTI with cough as a dominant symptom (n= 5314), four trajectories were identified: ‘rapid (6 days)’ (90% of participants recovered within 6 days) in 52.0%; ‘intermediate (10 days)’ (28.9%); ‘slow progressive improvement (27 days)’ (12.5%); and ‘slow improvement with initial high symptom burden (27 days)’ (6.6%). For cough, being aged 16–64 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.72 to 3.85 compared with <16 years), higher presenting illness baseline severity (OR 1.51, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.03), presence of lung disease (OR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.21), and median and above illness duration before consultation (≥7 days) (OR 1.99, 95% CI = 1.68 to 2.37) were associated with slower recovery (>10 days) compared with faster recovery (≤10 days). Re-consultations and admissions to hospital for cough were higher in those with slower recovery (ORs: 2.15, 95% CI = 1.78 to 2.60 and 7.42, 95% CI = 3.49 to 15.78, respectively).ConclusionOlder patients presenting with more severe, longer pre-consultation symptoms and chronic lung disease should be advised they are more likely to experience longer post-consultation illness durations, and that recovery rates are similar with and without antibiotics.
Residência pedagógica e os caminhos para docência
Authors: Victor da Silva Oliveira André , Aparecida Domingos Pinheiro Fernanda 
Published: November 2022

O presente escrito trata da experiência de iniciação docente no Programa Residência Pedagógica, do subprojeto de História da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (Unilab). Analisa-se como tal prática contribuiu para a formação docente em meio às incertezas e anseios do primeiro contato com o ser professor(a). Ambientado em municípios da região do Maciço de Baturité, no interior do Ceará, esta formação foi dividida em três ciclos, sendo cada um deles vivenciado em uma escola diferente, correspondendo aos níveis de ensino fundamental II e médio, incluindo uma escola de tempo integral. Esta experiência fortaleceu conhecimentos significantes sobre a ação no chão da escola em conexão com as diversas realidades, o que contribuiu para um aprendizado significativo, e possibilitou a promoção de uma consciência sobre a importância do ensino de História.
A divulgação do conhecimento histórico entre e fora dos pares
Authors: Varela Singulane Dalila , Siqueira Bittencourt Ana Beatriz , Saporetti Carolina 
Published: November 2022

Um tema em voga hoje é o debate em torno da História Pública e seus desdobramentos. Neste caminho, e no contexto atual de nosso país, a divulgação científica torna-se cada vez mais significativa e necessária para o combate a desinformação sistemática e na construção de um entendimento mais apurado acerca dos processos vividos. Com uma extensa experiência na área, o entrevistado desta edição é o idealizador e coordenador do Café História, maior portal de divulgação científica de história no Brasil, se destacando como um dos grandes nomes da área.
O professor Dr. Bruno Leal Pastor de Carvalho é Professor Adjunto do Departamento de História da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História desta mesma universidade. Tendo sido também professor-colaborador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Pública da Universidade Estadual do Paraná (2019-2022), e professor do Departamento de História da Universidade Federal Fluminense (2015-2017). É membro da Rede Brasileira de História Pública e da Associação das Humanidades Digitais. Possui estágio pós-doutoral em História Social pela UFRJ, Doutorado em História Social (UFRJ, 2015), Mestrado em Memória Social (UNIRIO, 2009), Especialização em História Contemporânea (PUCRS, 2010), Graduação em História (UERJ, 2008) e Comunicação Social (UFRJ, 2006). Tem dedicado sua pesquisa principalmente aos temas de História Pública e Divulgação Científica, desenvolvendo também, estudos sobre crimes nazistas e justiça no pós-guerra.
Agradecemos ao professor pela entrevista. Esperamos que a leitura desta dispare o seu olhar para a necessidade da produção de um conhecimento que não esteja limitado pelos muros da academia, mas que seja experimentado em meio a sociedade que vivemos.
Boa leitura!