bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol, the Journey of Cannabis from a Social Stigma to a Miracle Drug in Dentistry
Authors: Mishra Abeer , Sedani Shweta , Nikhade Pradnya , Patel Aditya , Adyalkar Nidhi , Umre Utkarsh 
Published: October 2022

In recent years, there has been a surge in the awareness regarding the phyto cannabinoid; cannabidiol. Between the time period from 1963 to 2000, only 460 publications can be found in a PubMed search while using cannabidiol as the keyword. The former pales in comparison to the record of 2769 publications found from 2008 to the present time. However, a limited amount of literature is available that discusses the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, pertaining to the field of dentistry. In 1940, cannabidiol was isolated from cannabis for the first time, its structure being reported much later in 1963. Further research on Cannabis resulted in the declaration that “THC” is the active compound. Subsequent studies were then directed essentially based on the virtual exclusion of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids from cannabis. This was primarily due to the belief that the activity of cannabis was merely psychological activity.
In retrospect, this seems unfortunate as many of the beneficial properties of cannabidiol which might have had a therapeutic benefit were overlooked. In the present review, attention will be focused on the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol and the impact this may have on dentistry with the supplemental vision of encouraging further studies to reveal any other beneficial properties that may be present.
Rising Dementia Cases in Bhutan Needs Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Authors: Islam Qazi Shafayetul , Adhikari Bebak 
Published: October 2022

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Rising Dementia Cases in Bhutan Needs Non-Pharmacological Interventions ”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Bundle appearance validation for peripherally inserted central catheter handling in neonates / Validação de aparência do bundle para manuseio do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos
Authors: Machado Camila Santos , Silva Maria Paula Custódio Silva , Luzeiro Brenda Alves , Texeira Cinthia Lorena Silva Barbosa , Rocha Jesislei Bonolo do Amaral , Contim Divanice 
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: validar a aparência do bundle para manuseio do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos pela equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido durante os meses de novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, em unidades neonatais de um hospital de ensino. A amostra foi composta por 43 membros da equipe de enfermagem e os dados analisados pelo índice de validade de conteúdo acima de 80%. Aplicou-se um instrumento contendo dados de identificação, o bundle e a relevância para prática clínica no Google Formulários. Resultados: todos os itens do bundle apresentaram índice de validade de conteúdo acima de 80% e foram considerados relevantes para prática clínica. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu validar a aparência do bundle junto a equipe de enfermagem e incluiu cuidados relacionados a manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos.
Transfer‐Free Quasi‐Suspended Graphene Grown on a Si Wafer
Authors: Ci Haina , Chen Jingtao , Ma Hao , Sun Xiaoli , Jiang Xingyu , Liu Kaicong , Shan Jingyuan , Lian Xueyu , Jiang Bei , Liu Ruojuan , Liu Bingzhi , Yang Guiqi , Yin Wanjian , Zhao Wen , Huang Lizhen , Gao Teng , Sun Jingyu , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe direct growth of graphene affording wafer‐scale uniformity on insulators is paramount to electronic and optoelectronic applications; however, it remains a challenge to date, because it entails an entirely different growth mode than that over metals. Herein, the metal‐catalyst‐free growth of quasi‐suspended graphene on a Si wafer is demonstrated using an interface‐decoupling chemical vapor deposition strategy. The employment of lower‐than‐conventional H2 dosage and concurrent introduction of methanol during growth can effectively weaken the interaction between the synthesized graphene and the underlying substrate. The growth mode can be thus fine‐tuned, producing a predominantly monolayer graphene film with wafer‐level homogeneity. Graphene thus grown on a 4 inch Si wafer enables the transfer‐free fabrication of high‐performance graphene‐based field‐effect transistor arrays that exhibit almost no shift in the charge neutral point, indicating a quasi‐suspended feature of the graphene. Moreover, a carrier mobility up to 15 000 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 can be attained. This study is anticipated to offer meaningful insights into the synthesis of wafer‐scale high‐quality graphene on dielectrics for practical graphene devices.
Single‐Transistor Neuron with Excitatory–Inhibitory Spatiotemporal Dynamics Applied for Neuronal Oscillations
Authors: Li Hanxi , Hu Jiayang , Chen Anzhe , Wang Chenhao , Chen Li , Tian Feng , Zhou Jiachao , Zhao Yuda , Chen Jinrui , Tong Yi , Loh Kian Ping , Xu Yang , Zhang Yishu , Hasan Tawfique , Yu Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrain‐inspired neuromorphic computing systems with the potential to drive the next wave of artificial intelligence demand a spectrum of critical components beyond simple characteristics. An emerging research trend is to achieve advanced functions with ultracompact neuromorphic devices. In this work, a single‐transistor neuron is demonstrated that implements excitatory–inhibitory (E–I) spatiotemporal integration and a series of essential neuron behaviors. Neuronal oscillations, the fundamental mode of neuronal communication, that construct high‐dimensional population code to achieve efficient computing in the brain, can also be demonstrated by the neuron transistors. The highly scalable E–I neuron can be the basic building block for implementing core neuronal circuit motifs and large‐scale architectural plans to replicate energy‐efficient neural computations, forming the foundation of future integrated neuromorphic systems.
Diamond Surfaces with Clickable Antifouling Polymer Coating for Microarray‐Based Biosensing
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Yang Bingquan , Barton Jan , Stejfova Miroslava , Schäfer Andreas , Koenig Meike , Knittel Peter , Cigler Petr , Hirtz Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiamond enables the construction of various (bio)sensors, including those with quantum‐based detection. However, bare diamond interfaces are susceptible to unspecific adhesion of proteins and other macromolecules from biological media or complex samples. This impairs selectivity in biosensing, leads to low signal‐to‐noise ratio in fluorescence‐based applications, and introduces the need for blocking steps in incubation protocols. Here, a stable, protein‐repellent, and clickable reactive polymer coating is introduced, abolishing unspecific protein adhesion while concurrently enabling covalent immobilization of functional compounds as recognition elements. The polymer coating has two segments, an antifouling poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) and an alkyne‐terminated poly(propargyl methacrylamide) providing the click functionality. The antifouling properties and click‐reactivity of the polymers are demonstrated by selective protein binding assays on micropatterns written by microchannel cantilever spotting (µCS). The assays demonstrated the successful functionalization of both diamond and glass surfaces and the excellent antifouling properties of the polymer coating. The coating procedure is compatible with oxidized diamond surfaces thus well‐suitable for diamond‐based quantum technology. The results can directly impact applications of diamond materials in optically detected quantum sensing or fluorescence sensing in general. The polymer functionalization can also be used for any case where highly specific interaction with low fouling is desired.
Efficient Wet Adhesion through Mussel‐Inspired Proto‐Coacervates
Authors: Huynh Tan‐Phat , Chen Yaqing , Bach‐Gansmo Fiona L. , Dehli Jeppe , Ibsen Vicki N. , Foss Morten , Tvilum Anne S. , Zelikin Alexander N. , Birkedal Henrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdhesion underwater is a major challenge. Mussel‐inspired complex coacervates functionalized with L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) are proposed for underwater adhesives through versatile chemistry of DOPA, however, simple, efficient, controllable, and nontoxic procedures to harness them are still under investigation. In this study, inspired from the mussel byssus formation process, coacervate adhesives are formed underwater by simple injection of an acidic proto‐coacervate of DOPA functionalized polyelectrolytes on underwater surfaces. The proto‐coacervate is initially an acidic liquid, it increased in pH due to water diffusion, resulting in coacervation driven by electrostatic interaction, without the requirement for pH adjustment or organic solvents. Additionally, the pH of liquid–liquid phase separation is tuned by substituting polyelectrolytes with different pKa, which satisfied different pH requirement in real life. The coacervate‐based adhesives on glass substrates exhibit strengths comparable to commercial glues when dry and to mussel glue when wet, showing high biocompatibility in human epidermis in vitro.
Structure Formation of C60 on Insulating CaF2 Substrates: Matching Experiments with Simulations
Authors: Janke William , Höltkemeier Lukas , Kühnle Angelika , Speck Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe epitaxial growth of metallic thin films has been studied intensively, leading to computational models that can predict diverse morphologies depending on thermodynamic and kinetic growth parameters. Much less is known about thin films of organic molecules. Here kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study buckyball C60 molecules on dielectric CaF2(111) substrates is employed. This system undergoes a transition from mostly one‐layered growth to two‐layered growth of triangular cluster morphologies as the temperature is raised. Even though simplified, these simulations still require a large set of parametrized rates for the elementary transitions, the determination of which has been challenging. Here recent results for these parameters to measure cluster densities and second layer occupations are employed. Simulation snapshots of cluster morphologies are compared in a wide range of temperatures to test to which extent rate models can match the experimental observations. While adjustments to free diffusion parameters are necessary to reproduce the experimentally observed cluster densities and sizes, the cluster morphologies are excellently reproduced without further adjustments.
Multifunctional 2D MoS2 Optoelectronic Artificial Synapse with Integrated Arithmetic and Reconfigurable Logic Operations for In‐Memory Neuromorphic Computing Applications
Authors: Sahu Mousam Charan , Sahoo Sandhyarani , Mallik Sameer Kumar , Jena Anjan Kumar , Sahoo Satyaprakash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe hardware implementation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on complex deep learning and machine learning algorithms is constricted by the limitation of conventional Von–Neuman architecture. Emerging neuromorphic computing architecture based on the human brain with in‐memory computing capability could instigate unprecedented breakthroughs in AI technology. In this pursuit, 2D MoS2 optoelectronic artificial synapse imitating complex biological neuromorphic behavior such as short/long‐term memory, paired‐pulse facilitation, and long‐term depression‐potentiation is proposed and demonstrated. Furthermore, the broadband sensitivity of the device can be utilized to emulate Pavlov's classical conditioning for associative learning of the biological brain. More importantly, reconfigurable Boolean AND and OR logic gate operation is demonstrated within the same device by synergistically modulating the device conductance via the persistent photoconductivity and electrical gate stress. The linear response of the photocurrent to the optical stimulus can perform arithmetic operations such as counting, addition, and subtraction within a single device. This novel integration of memory, synaptic behavior, and processing within a single monolayer MoS2 device is believed to put forth a new horizon for the Non‐Von–Neuman type in‐memory computing architecture for highly advanced AI applications based on 2D materials.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles via Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Intramolecular C−N Coupling
Authors: Paveliev Stanislav A. , Segida Oleg O. , Bityukov Oleg V. , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming , Nikishin Gennady I. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative C(sp2)−H/N−H coupling of α,β‐unsaturated hydrazones resulting in substituted pyrazoles has been discovered. The process is catalyzed by hypervalent iodine species generated in situ through anodic oxidation of aryl iodide in fluorinated alcohol media. The formation of hypervalent iodine compound and its key role in the construction of a new C−N bond was confirmed with CV and NMR experiments. A wide range of substituted pyrazoles were obtained in yields ranging from 46% to 88%.magnified image
Emulsion‐Induced Polymersomes Taming Tetrodotoxin for Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia
Authors: Li Xiaosi , Li Qi , Song Shenghan , Stevens Amy O. , Broemmel Zach , He Yi , Wesselmann Ursula , Yaksh Tony , Zhao Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInjectable local anesthetics that can provide a continuous nerve block approximating the duration of a pain state would be a life‐changing solution for patients experiencing post‐operative pain or chronic pain. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a site 1 sodium channel blocker that is extremely potent compared to clinically used local anesthetics. Challengingly, TTX doses are limited by its associated systemic toxicity, thus shortening the achievable duration of nerve blocks. Here, emulsion‐induced polymersomes (EIP) are explored as a drug delivery system to safely use TTX for local anesthesia. By emulsifying hyperbranched polyglycerol‐poly (propylene glycol)‐hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG‐PPG‐HPG) in TTX aqueous solution, HPG‐PPG‐HPG self‐assembles into micrometer‐sized polymersomes within seconds. The formed polymersomes have microscopically visible internal aqueous pockets that encapsulate TTX with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 94%. Moreover, the polymersomes are structurally stable, enabling sustained TTX release. In vivo, the freshly prepared EIP/TTX formulation can be directly injected and increase the tolerated dose of TTX in Sprague–Dawley rats to 11.5 µg without causing any TTX‐related systemic toxicity. In the presence of the chemical penetration enhancer sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), a single perineural injection of EIP/TTX/SOS formulation produces a reliable sciatic nerve block for 22 days with minimal local toxicity.
Semantic Interpretation for Convolutional Neural Networks: What Makes a Cat a Cat?
Authors: Xu Hao , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interpretability of deep neural networks has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and several methods have been created to interpret the “black box” model. Fundamental limitations remain, however, that impede the pace of understanding the networks, especially the extraction of understandable semantic space. In this work, the framework of semantic explainable artificial intelligence (S‐XAI) is introduced, which utilizes a sample compression method based on the distinctive row‐centered principal component analysis (PCA) that is different from the conventional column‐centered PCA to obtain common traits of samples from the convolutional neural network (CNN), and extracts understandable semantic spaces on the basis of discovered semantically sensitive neurons and visualization techniques. Statistical interpretation of the semantic space is also provided, and the concept of semantic probability is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that S‐XAI is effective in providing a semantic interpretation for the CNN, and offers broad usage, including trustworthiness assessment and semantic sample searching.
An Efficient Training Methodology of Hardware Neural Network Based on Wafer‐Scale MoS2 Synaptic Array
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan , Meng Jialin , Li Qingxuan , Wang Tianyu , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei , Chen Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic computing has attracted broad attention in recent years, owing to its break in the bottleneck of traditional von Neumann architecture with its advantages of high efficiency and low power consumption. However, many reported works only focused on the improvement of the performance of a single device, or assumed that each neuron in the artificial neural network (ANN) is ideal and equivalent, which cannot realize the application of device in hardware neural network (HNN). Herein, a top‐gate structured floating‐gate synapse (FG‐Synapse) array is fabricated. Wafer‐level molybdenum sulfide (MoS2 ) channel and hafnium oxide (HfO2 ) dielectric layer are grown by atomic layer deposition. Besides, long‐term potential/depression (LTP/LTD) performance of each device are explored, which showed high consistency. Finally, a three‐layer ANN and proposed as an efficient approximation method to realize the recognition of digital pictures. It is the first time that a 2D device array based on a floating gate structure applied to ANNs. The recognition rate of a single device reaches 92.2%, and the recognition rate of the device array reaches 91.3%. This work is of great significance to provide the possibility for the application of larger‐scale arrays in neuromorphic computing in the future.
Disentangling the relationship of subjective cognitive decline and depressive symptoms in the development of cognitive decline and dementia
Authors: Kleineidam Luca , Wagner Michael , Guski Jannis , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Miebach Lisa , Bickel Horst , König Hans‐Helmut , Weyerer Siegfried , Lühmann Dagmar , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Luppa Melanie , Röhr Susanne , Pentzek Michael , Wiese Birgitt , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , Kornhuber Johannes , Peters Oliver , Frölich Lutz , Wiltfang Jens , Lewczuk Piotr , Hüll Michael , Ramirez Alfredo , Jessen Frank , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Heser Kathrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) and depressive symptoms (DS) frequently co‐occur prior to dementia. However, the temporal sequence of their emergence and their combined prognostic value for cognitive decline and dementia is unclear.MethodsTemporal relationships of SCD, DS and memory decline were examined by latent difference score modeling in a high‐aged, population‐based cohort (N = 3217) and validated using Cox‐regression of dementia‐conversion. In 334 cognitively unimpaired SCD‐patients from memory‐clinics, we examined the association of DS with cognitive decline and with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.ResultsIn the population‐based cohort, SCD preceded DS. High DS were associated with increased risk of dementia conversion in individuals with SCD. In SCD‐patients from memory‐clinics, high DS were associated with greater cognitive decline. CSF Aß42 predicted increasing DS.DiscussionSCD typically precedes DS in the evolution to dementia. SCD‐patients from memory‐clinics with DS may constitute a high‐risk group for cognitive decline.Highlights
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) precedes depressive symptoms (DS) as memory declines.
Emerging or persistent DS after SCD reports predict dementia.
In SCD patients, more amyloid pathology relates to increasing DS.
SCD patients with DS are at high risk for symptomatic progression.
From a Metal–Organic Square to a Robust and Regenerable Supramolecular Self‐assembly for Methane Purification
Authors: Cao Zhong‐Min , Li Guo‐Ling , Di Zheng‐Yi , Chen Cheng , Meng Ling‐Yi , Wu Mingyan , Wang Wei , Zhuo Zhu , Kong Xiang‐Jian , Hong Maochun , Huang You‐Gui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPorous supramolecular assemblies constructed by noncovalent interactions are promising for adsorptive purification of methane because of their easy regeneration. However, the poor stability arising from the weak noncovalent interactions has obstructed their practical applications. Here, we report a robust and easily regenerated polyhedron‐based cationic framework assembled from a metal–organic square. This material exhibits a very low affinity for CH4 and N2, but captures other competing gases (e.g. C2H6, C3H8, and CO2) with a moderate affinity. These results underpin highly selective separation of a range of gas mixtures that are relevant to natural gas and industrial off‐gas. Dynamic breakthrough studies demonstrate its practical separation for C2H6/CH4, C3H8/CH4, CO2/N2, and CO2/CH4. Particularly, the separation time is ≈11 min g−1 for the C2H6/CH4 (15/85 v/v) mixture and ≈49 min g−1 for the C3H8/CH4 (15/85 v/v) mixture (under a flow of 2.0 mL min−1), respectively, enabling its capability for CH4 purification from light alkanes.
Confinement of the Triplet States in π‐Conjugated BODIPY Dimers Linked with Ethynylene or Butadiynylene Bridges: A Different View on the Effect of Symmetry
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ivanov Mikhail , Wang Zhijia , Bousquet Manon H. E. , Liu Xi , Wan Yan , Zhao Jianzhang , Barbon Antonio , Escudero Daniel , Jacquemin Denis , Fedin Matvey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of the excited state wavefunction confinement is crucial for the engineering of the photophysical properties and applications of organic chromophores. In the present contribution, the localization of the triplet state wavefunctions of some symmetric ethyne/butadiyne bridged BODIPY dimers and asymmetric BODIPY derivatives presenting extended π‐conjugation frameworks is studied with time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory computations. Based on the Zero Field Splitting D parameters, we conclude that the triplet state wavefunctions are highly localized on one BODIPY unit in the symmetric dimers, which is consistent with the ab initio modelling that finds delocalized triplet state destabilized by 12–14 kcal mol−1 as compared to its localized counterpart. The result provides a new insight into the study of triplet excited state confinement and the design of molecular wires or photosensitizers for photovoltaics and photocatalysis.
Deciphering Ligand Controlled Structural Evolution of Prussian Blue Analogues and Their Electrochemical Activation during Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Singh Baghendra , Mannu Pandian , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Prakash Ravi , Shen Shaohua , Dong Chung‐Li , Indra Arindam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, we have demonstrated the control over the structure of precatalysts to tune the properties of the active catalysts and their water oxidation activity. The reaction of K3[Fe(CN)6] and Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] with Co(OH)2@CC produced precatalysts PC‐1 and PC‐2, respectively, with distinct structural and electronic features. The replacement of the −CN group with strong π‐acceptor −NO modulates the electronic and atomic structure of PC‐2. As a result, a facile electrochemical transformation of PC‐2 into active catalyst Fe−Co(OH)2‐Co(O)OH (AC‐2) has been attained only in 15 CV cycles while 600 CV cycles are required for the electrochemical activation of PC‐1 into AC‐1. The X‐ray absorption studies reveal the contraction of the Co−O and Fe−O bond in AC‐2 because of the presence of a higher amount of Co3+ and Fe3+ than in AC‐1. The high valent Co3+ and Fe3+ modulates the electronic properties of AC‐2 and assists in the O−O bond formation, leading to the improved water oxidation activity.