bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine prescribing during follow-up of a first-episode psychosis cohort
Authors: Rowntree R. , Fanning F. , Keating D. , Murray S. , Szigeti A. , Doyle R. , Mcwilliams S. , Clarke M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOf those with schizophrenia, one third develop treatment-resistant illness. Nearly 60% of these benefit from clozapine- the only antipsychotic medication licensed in this group.ObjectivesAs treatment-resistant illness developed in the follow-up of a first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort, clozapine was prescribed. This study retrospectively compared the clozapine prescribing patterns, within this cohort, to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. In addition, impact on hospitalisation, physical health monitoring and augmentation strategies employed following clozapine initiation were examined. Factors delaying initiation of clozapine treatment or contributing to its discontinuation were also explored.MethodsThe study included 339 individuals resident within an Irish community mental health team catchment area, referred with FEP from 1 January 2005 to 31 August 2016. Data were extracted from electronic medical records.ResultsWithin the cohort, clozapine was prescribed to 32 individuals (9.4%). The mean number of adequate trials of antipsychotic prior to starting clozapine was 2.74 (SD 1.13; range 1–5). The mean time to clozapine trial was 2.1 years (SD 1.95; range 0.17–6.25). Following initiation of clozapine, mean hospital admissions per year fell from 2.3 to 0.3 (p=0.00). Mean inpatient days pre- and post-clozapine also decreased (147 vs. 53; p=0.00). In all, 18 patients ceased use of clozapine, 5 temporarily and 13 permanently.ConclusionsPatients are being prescribed clozapine earlier than previously demonstrated. However, delayed treatment remains common, and many patients discontinue clozapine. Further research is necessary to describe and address factors which contribute to its discontinuation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The usage of clozapine in a patient with schizophrenia and epilepsy: A case report
Authors: Karnickas M. , Bulotaite G. , Rutkauskas V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe usage of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy raises many challenges due to the epileptogenic effects of the drug. There is little data about using clozapine for treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) accompanied by epilepsy.ObjectivesTo present a case report illustrating a patient diagnosed with epilepsy and TRS, successfully treated with clozapine.MethodsA literature review on “PubMed” database was conducted, using the keywords: clozapine, antipsychotics, epilepsy, seizures, psychoses. Information regarding the clinical case was obtained by consulting the patient’s file.ResultsWe present a woman, 33 years old with mild intellectual disability and a 10-year history of schizophrenia. At the age of 24, the patient lost consciousness and experienced tonic – clonic seizure, but epilepsy was not diagnosed. The patient was hospitalized multiple times due to positive symptoms of schizophrenia and suicidal thoughts. Various combinations of neuroleptics and electroconvulsive therapy were used for treatment without therapeutic effect. At the age of 32, a diagnosis of TRS was established, leading to treatment with a moderate clozapine dose (400mg/day). At the fifth month of treatment with clozapine un episode of generalized seizures occurred, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Since then, the patient was treated with levetiracetam and the dosage of clozapine was lowered to 275mg/d. The seizures did not re-occur and clinical response to the psychiatric treatment was positive.ConclusionsThis case report highlights how clozapine can be used safely and effectively for patients with TRS and epilepsy and how the epileptogenic effects can be moderated by using antiepileptics in the overall treatment scheme.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impact of early use of long acting paliperidone (1 and 3 monthly) in a first-episode psychosis sample
Authors: Lopez P. Gil , Rodriguez J.M. , Fernandez L. Garcia , Martin E. Fernandez , Gayoso N. Fernandez , Estevez V. Sanchez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRelapse prevention is a key objetive for patients with a First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and the low adherence to antipsychotic (AP) treatment is the main reason for relapse after a FEP.ObjectivesThere are no clear recommendations about the early use of long-acting injectables (LAIs) in FEP. We review the impact on hospitalization rates of the early use (earlier than 1 year after the inclusion in our Early Intervention Service “Lehenak”) of LAI paliperidone in a FEP sample.MethodsWe evaluated in a naturalistic study a sample (N=384) of patients with a FEP. We carried out a mirror-design study to compare the numer of hospitalizations before and after the introduction of LAI paliperidone (1 and 3 monthly) in early users (<1 year) vs late users (>1 year).ResultsA total of 384 FEP patients with LAI paliperidone were assessed.Early Paliperidone LAI (n=201)Late Paliperidone LAI (n=173)Within groups comparisons t (p)
Hospitalizations pre-LAI mirror period (media, standard deviation)1.76 (1.97)2.22 (2.60)1,87 (0.06)Days in hospital pre-LAI mirror period21.42 (28.28)28.02 (38.27)1.87 (0.06)Hospitalizations post-LAI mirror period0.68 (1.61)0.80 (1.74)0.73 (0.46)Days in hospital post-LAI mirror period15.17 (40.58)18.78 (45.24)0.81 (0.42)ConclusionsThere was no difference between the early and late introduction of LAI Paliperidone in the number of hospitalizations after treatament. There was a trend to present more previous hospitalizations and days in hospital in late users. This could support an earlier use of paliperidone LAI to prevent an excess of hospitalizations due to late introduction.DisclosureThe presenting author has received honouraria for lectures or advisory boards from Janssen, Otsuka, Lundbeck and Angelini in the last five years.
Schizoaffective disorder about 57 cases
Authors: Kammoun I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizoaffective disorder remains relatively unknown today compared to other psychiatric disorders. This disorder is however recognized by the international medical classifications DSM 5 and mainly affects many people.ObjectivesDescribe the socio-demographic and contextual clinical characteristics of patients with schizoaffective disorderMethodsWe conducted a descriptive retrospective study including patients with schizoaffective disorder (DSM 5) in the psychiatric department G at Razi hospital and who were hospitalized for a period of 1 year from 1 January to 21 December 2020. We collected 57 patients.ResultsThe average age of our sample is 40.16 years. The majority of patients (75.4%) were single and the school level did not exceed secondary studies in 64.9% of cases. Most of these patients were unemployed previously working as a day laborer in 47.4%. In addition, the type of schizoaffective disorder was dominated by the bipolar type (94.7%). These patients had a personality disorder in 26.3% mainly schizoid. The psychiatric interview of these patients revealed irritable mood in 47.4%, inappropriate affects in 59.6%, speech of a maniac in 52.6%, delusions of persecution and grandeur in 70.2% with intuitive mechanism (47.4%) and hallucinatory (auditory 45.6%). Disorganized behavior in 50% and catatonic behavior in 5.3% Mental automatism and morbid rationalism in 29.8% Insomnia: 94.7% and concentration disorder: 56.1% Type of treatment was the combination of atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines 33.3% with regular follow-up in 49.1%ConclusionsSchizoaffective disorder is one of the most misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in clinical practice and the need to know its characteristics is a necessity.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Deviations in psycho-sexual development of teenage girls and its legal consequences in modern society
Authors: Baranskaya L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWhen studying the multiple aspects of the problem of criminal offences of a sexual character committed by adult males towards teenage girls, the role of digital communication technologies is not taking into account.ObjectivesTo reveal the negative aspects of social and family connections and the influence of digital communications on the formation of deviations in psycho-sexual development of teenage girls who had become victims of sexual delicts of a non-violent character.MethodsWe have studied the specifics of psycho-sexual behavior of seventeen teenage girls, aged 12-16 and their Internet and SMS correspondence with adult males by analysis of semantics and pathos-psychological markers.ResultsIntellectually, all the teenage girls are within normal age limits. They were bringing up in full, materially well-off families. Most of the girls’ parents experience a formal attitude towards them. The disrupted emotional ties of the teenage girls with mother or both parents leads to deviations in the development of normal teenage reactions, sexual attitudes. Their feeling of loneliness within the family, forces them to turn towards support to Internet-society or other adults of the opposite sex to their parents’ acquaintances. The desire to ascertain perfectionist expectations and self-assertion leads the teenagers to the realization of various forms of auto-destructive sexual behavior. They actively demonstrate in the Internet obscene photos of their genitals. While trying out their sexual importance, they persistently urge adult males towards sexual contacts.ConclusionsThus, the negative aspects of psycho-sexual development of teenage girls can disrupt their sexual behavior in adulthood.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Social representations of different generations about everyday life of homosexuals in modern Russia
Authors: Lianguzova V. , Rikel A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe problem of homosexuality is constantly in the spotlight of the mass media, social media and politicians. At the same time, the cultural and national specificity of attitudes towards the phenomenon of homosexuality seems obvious, as well as a significant polarization of opinions within Russian society itself. With significant attention to this issue, there are not many attempts to analyze the socio-psychological basis of representations about homosexuality. At the same time, in a number of foreign studies it was revealed that the modern Z Gen is distinguished by greater tolerance and freedom of views in terms of attitude towards traditionally segregated social groups.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify representations about homosexuality among different generations of modern Russians.MethodsThe methodological basis of the research was the study of the structure of social representations (Vergesse methodique). The research methods implied the author’s questionnaire aimed at identifying representations about homosexuality and a modified version of the RAHI questionnaire. The sample was N = 444 (residents of Russia, age 16-65).ResultsThere was shown a significant difference between the Z Gen in terms of tolerance of representations about homosexuality. So called ‘double standards’ were identified in terms of attitudes towards male and female homosexuality. The rooted concept of homosexuality as a relationship based, rather, on a sexual rather than a romantic-spiritual level of relationships, was stated.ConclusionsMain hypothesis was confirmed: an inverse relationship between age and perceptions of homosexuality as normative was revealed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Overcommitment to work as a mediator of the association between effort-reward imbalance and insomnia among shift working nurses
Authors: Gustavsson K. , Wichniak A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionToday, approximately one fifth of employees in the European Union works in the shift system. Insomnia is one of the most common consequences of occupational stress and shift work. Identifying factors contributing to poor sleep quality among shift workers, especially in healthcare professions, is important because insomnia increases the risks for numerous health disorders and impacts work ability.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to investigate to what extend does an inability to withdraw from work influences the link between occupational stress and insomnia among shift workers. We operationalized occupational stress within the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI). An imbalance between individual effort and reward obtained at work leads to experiencing a stressful work environment.Methods153 shift working female nurses completed a short questionnaire about work schedule, the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire with the Overcommitment (OC) scale and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). To estimate the mediating effect of OC on the association between ERI and ISI, we conducted a mediation analysis using PROCESS v3.4 macro in SPSS.ResultsThe model including ERI and OC accounted for 12.25% of the variance in ISI scores. ERI significantly predicted OC and OC significantly predicted insomnia. The direct effects of ERI on ISI remained significant after controlling for the effects of overcommitment. 35.07% of the effect of ERI on ISI was through OC.ConclusionsAbility to detach from work-related thoughts during leisure time is crucial for successful recovery from occupational stress. The research is supported by a grant no. 2019/33/N/HS6/02572 from the National Science Center in Poland.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A case of incubus phenomenon
Authors: Tjokrodipo L. , Sneep A. , Michielsen P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe incubus phenomenon is a paroxysmal sleep-related disorder in which patients experience sleep paralysis and compound hallucinations. The symptoms of this phenomenon contain: sensed presence, fear, visual and auditory hallucinations, unusual body experiences such as out-of-body experience and feelings of floating/paralysis, experiencing a pressure on the thorax, difficulties breathing and a feeling of pain(1). This phenomenon appears to be universal, but has different cultural explanations(2).ObjectivesWe present a case of possible incubus phenomenon to raise awareness about this specific condition.MethodsA literature search in English was performed using PubMed with the following mesh term: ‘incubus phenomenon’.ResultsWe present a 29-year old man, known with an intellectual disability (IQ=74), psychotic disorder and a cannabis use disorder. After neurological examination, he was diagnosed with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Over the past weeks there had been an increase of hallucinations that appear before, during or after sleep. The patient’s thoughts included sexual approaches by caregivers, difficulties in breathing and a moving sensation while laying down in bed and experiencing pressure on the thorax assuming a woman was sitting on his chest. Literature search shows a lifetime prevalence of 0.11 % in general population versus 0.41 % in psychiatric patients(2.)ConclusionsLiterature review shows only a few cases describing the incubus phenomenon. The prevalence is four times higher in patients with a psychiatric history(2) and should not be confused with psychotic disorder. Recognizing is important for proper treatment, as reoccurring attacks can be treated with anxiolytics, antidepressants, anticholinergics or anti-epileptics, and sleep hygiene methods(1.)DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Telephone interviews among a cohort of gambling patients at the time of COVID-19
Authors: Levari E. , Negri A. , Simonato P. , Tomasi G. , Branz G. , Coppola A. , Gianfranceschi P. , Leoni E. , Mistretta P. , Stefani M. , Vanzetta M. , Corazza O. , Franceschini A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBackground: Little is known about the modifications in gambling patterns during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has shown signs of increase, particularly for individuals with preexisting gambling problems.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the behaviour of a cohort of patients in the Trentino Region.MethodsA semi structured questionnaire containing Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as well as open-ended questions on gambling activities, specifically online gambling, was administred over the telephone. The survey was administred for two months over the lockdown period (april-june 2020) and took approximately 20 minutes to complete.ResultsAbout 50 responsens were collected. Data are currently been analyzed and will be avaiable at the time of the Congress.ConclusionsWill be show at the time of the Congress.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Stigmatization as a barrier in opioid substitution therapy patients
Authors: Gonçalves M.J. , Sereijo C. , André R. , Andrade G. , Saraiva R. , Linhares L. , Chendo I. , Abreu M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGoffman defined stigma as an “attribute that is deeply discrediting” and in the last two decades research on this subject grew substantially.Opioids were ranked as the second most common form of illicit drug used worldwide and there is consensus in the literature that opioid substitution therapy (OST), methadone or buprenorphine, are the most effective treatments, although remain underutilized. People with an history of substance use disorders (SUD) are widely stigmatized, a significant barrier to detection and treatment efforts. Care workers were cited as the second most common source of stigma.ObjectivesThe aim is to do a review of the literature of stigma as a significant barrier to OST and present several potential strategies to reduce stigma.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the last 5 years; by searching the Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: Opioid Use Disorder; Stigma; Opioid Substitution TherapyResultsOST providers should actively bring up the topic of stigma in clinic appointments to determine whether the patient is experiencing stigma, and if so, whether it is adversely affecting their ability to continue in the treatment. More active measures need to be taken to help reducing the stigma through public awareness campaigns at local levels, continuing education of health care providers regarding substance OST, and greater incorporation of family members into the program.ConclusionsIn conclusion, further research is required to understand and address this issue.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with long-term remission with buprenorphine / naloxone in opiate use disorder
Authors: Kahya Y. , Erdogan A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBuprenorphine/Naloxone (BP/NLX) is an effective drug combination used in long-term maintenance therapy in opiate use disorder (OUD). In some studies, abstinence over 180 days was defined as long-term remission (1).ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients in long-term remission with BP/NLX.Methods
In this study, 30 patients who were followed up with OUD at Akdeniz University Addiction Center and were in remission with BP/NLX for at least 180 days were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsSociodemographic and clinical characteristics are summarized in table 1.ConclusionsOUD is associated with lower quality of life and employment rate (2). In our study, the rate of working in a regular job is high. It can be concluded that prolonged remission improves functionality in patients. Although patients are in remission for a long time in terms of opiate use, 20% of patients continue to use cannabis and 10% continue to use cocaine. In a study, there was no difference in productivity and quality of life between BP users with and without current cannabis use. Continued use of cannabis by patients may be related to this condition. However, cannabis use increases many mental illnesses, especially psychosis (4). In patients in remission with BP/NLX, studies should also be carried out to avoid other substances than opiates. In our study, in accordance with the literature (5), no negative effects on kidney and liver functions were observed with long-term BP/NLX treatment. BP/NLX appears to be safe in prolonged use.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Risk and protective factors for opioid overdose during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wong J. , Westenberg J. , Mathew N. , Azar P. , Krausz R.M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPeople who use drugs (PWUD) are now at the intersection of two public health emergencies – the Covid-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis. They may be at heightened risk of overdose due to increased isolation, worsened mental health, and changes to the illicit drug supply. The province of British Columbia (BC) in Canada is anticipated to experience a record-breaking year of overdose deaths as over 1,500 people (32.9 deaths per 100,000) have died from overdose in 2020. In response, BC released new clinical guidelines in March to allow the prescribing of pharmaceutical alternatives aiming to reduce PWUD’s risk of overdose and contracting Covid-19.ObjectivesWe examined the risk and protective factors for overdose during these dual crises. We explored how the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health and substance use of PWUD and their access to treatment and harm reduction services.MethodsWe are conducting a survey among patients with opioid use disorder at a major hospital in Vancouver, BC. It includes the following domains: sociodemographic characteristics; mental and physical health; substance use patterns; opioid overdose history; access to treatment, harm reduction services; impacts of Covid-19.ResultsWe anticipate collecting data from 200 participants. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis will be conducted to describe the sample and determine the risk, protective factors for overdose.ConclusionsWe will gain a better understanding of overdose risk in PWUD who are now navigating the complex challenges created by the dual crises. This will in turn inform the establishment of evidence-based strategies to reduce their overdose risk.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Systematic review about the screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates
Authors: Gonzalez-Mota A. , Covacho-Gonzalez M. , Valriberas-Herrero I. , Roncero C. , De La Iglesia-Larrad J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCannabis use in pregnancy is related to developmental and mental disorders. The acknowledgement of prenatal exposure frequently depends on the mother’s report, which can often be omitted. There exists little bibliography of the different methods to detect the use of cannabis during pregnancy, with no standardized screening available.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to review the available bibliography about screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates and to analyze the different methods of prenatal screening being used in clinical practice.MethodsA systematic review of the methods of screening of cannabis use during pregnancy and neonates was carried out in PubMed (July 2020) in English, French and Spanish(10 years) with the keywords: screening, test, detection, analysis, urine, blood, hair, meconium.107 studies were analyzed: 52 included and 55 excluded (Figure 1.).ResultsThe studies analyzed stand out for its large heterogeneity. Self-report of pregnant women, meconium and maternal urine analysis are used the most. The type of analysis technique is not reported or chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and enzyme-linked inmunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) is used(Figure 2.). Urine seems to be the most accurate method for maternal testing. Neonatal meconium and umbilical cord tissue indicates fetal exposure during second and third trimester, neonatal hair third trimester exposure and maternal serum and hair can also be used (Figure 3.).ConclusionsNowadays, the available bibliography is heterogeneous and lacks information. Consequentially, further investigation needs to be carried out in order as to establish standardized prenatal screening of cannabis during pregnancy to draw more comparable and precise conclusions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.