bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection rate and factors affecting close contacts of COVID‐19 cases: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yunxuan , Tan Jing , Tan Suoyi , Zhou Yilong , Sai Bin , Dai Bitao , Lu Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveContact tracing plays an essential role in mitigating the impact of an epidemic. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, studies of those who have been in close contact with confirmed cases offer critical insights to understand the epidemiological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 better. This study conducts a meta‐analysis of existing studies' infection rates and affecting factors.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI from the inception to April 30 2022 to identify systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate pooled estimates by using Stata/SE 15.1 software.ResultsThere were 47 studies in the meta‐analysis. Among COVID‐19 close contacts, older age (RR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.70, 2.21), contacts in households (RR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.20, 3.65), and people in close contact with symptomatic infections (RR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.88, 6.96) were associated with higher infection rates.ConclusionOn average, each primary infection corresponded to 5.8 close contacts. Among COVID‐19 close contacts, older age and contacts in households were associated with higher infection rates, and people in close contact with symptomatic infections had three times higher risk of infection compared to people in close contact with asymptomatic infections. In general, there are significantly more studies from China about close contacts, and the infection rate among close contacts was lower compared to other countries.
PIT‐tagging Italian spined loach (Cobitis bilineata): Methodology, survival and behavioural effects
Authors: Nyqvist Daniel , Schiavon Alfredo , Candiotto Alessandro , Mozzi Gloria , Eggers Florian , Comoglio Claudio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Italian spined loach (Cobitis bilineata) is an elongated, small‐sized (<12 cm) spined loach native to northern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. As for loaches in general, little is known about the individual movements of this loach in nature. Passive integrated transponders (PIT‐tags) are small (typically 7–32 mm), relatively cheap and allow tracking of individual fish movements and behaviour. A fundamental assumption in animal telemetry is that the performance of a tagged animal does not deviate substantially from its natural performance. Although PIT‐tagged fish often display high survival and tag retention, the effect varies between species and contexts, and few studies have looked at behavioural effects of PIT‐tagging. Here we demonstrate a PIT‐tagging methodology for spined loaches, and compare survival, activity and provoked escape response (maximum swimming speed) between tagged and control fish. We also track tag retention in the tagged fish. Italian spined loaches tagged with 12 mm PIT‐tags displayed high tag retention and no extra mortality, and no effects of tagging on activity or maximum swimming speed were observed. The tag‐to‐fish weight and length ratios in our study ranged from 2% to 5% and from 10% to 16%, respectively, and we conclude that PIT‐tagging, within these ratios, appears suitable for Italian spined loach.
American Board of Dental Public Health diplomate survey, 2021: Competency domains and practice
Authors: Macek Mark D. , Zavras Athanasios , Tomar Scott L. , Cappelli David , McKernan Susan , Timothe Peggy , Okunseri Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe current Dental Public Health diplomates and list the competency domains that diplomates considered either essential or optional elements of their practice.MethodsThe American Board of Dental Public Health administered an electronic survey to active and life member diplomates during September 2021. The survey included 101 items in three sections: (1) Education and Work Experience; (2) Dental Public Health Tasks; and (3) Demographics. The Dental Public Health Tasks section asked individuals how essential work‐related tasks were to their current practice. Descriptive analyses were conducted using SAS.ResultsThe overall response rate was 82.6% (157 eligible of 190 returned). Most respondents were women, 35 to 54 years of age, and either non‐Hispanic white or non‐Hispanic Asian. Twice as many had DDS or DMD degrees than BDS degrees. The vast majority completed a Dental Public Health residency and received masters level training from an accredited program. About three‐fourths worked in the United States and held a U.S. license. More than 37% reported a second doctoral degree and 70% worked in academia. Responses to questions about tasks closely aligned with working in academia and less so with positions related to advocacy, regulation, and program evaluation.ConclusionsCurrent diplomates are concentrated in academia. If this trend continues, it may be necessary to restructure the competencies, so training and skills acquisition remain timely and relevant. The specialty may also need to encourage future generations to consider non‐academic positions so Dental Public Health remains an impactful component of the public health care system.
Metacognition in Second Language Speech Perception and Production
Authors: Kartushina Natalia , Soto David , Martin Clara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we assessed metacognition in nonnative language speech perception and production. Spanish novice learners of French identified and produced the French vowel contrast /ø/–/œ/ and, on each trial, rated their confidence in their responses. Participants’ confidence in perception predicted their identification accuracy, suggesting that novice learners’ metacognitive skills in nonnative speech perception are efficient at the onset of language learning. However, participants’ confidence in production did not align with a fine‐grained precision measure of their own production (indexed by Mahalanobis distance to the native French target‐vowel space) nor with a categorical measure of production (in terms of being within/outside the native speakers’ zone), indicating that metacognition in nonnative sound production is not yet efficient in novice learners. Overall, confidence ratings were similar and highly correlated between the perception and production tasks, but there was no association between the two domains in task performance or metacognitive ability. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for language learning theories and language teaching strategies as well as for the ongoing debate about the perception–production relationship.
Vertical and temporal distribution of chytrids infecting diatoms in the Gulf of Naples (Italy, Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Reñé Albert , Timoneda Natàlia , Sarno Diana , Piredda Roberta , Zampicinini Gianpaolo , Zingone Adriana , Montresor Marina , Garcés Esther 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe presence of phytoplankton parasites along the water column was explored at the Long‐Term Ecological Station MareChiara (LTER‐MC) in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) in October 2019. Microscopy analyses showed diatoms dominating the phytoplankton community in the upper layers (0–20 m). Metabarcoding data from the water column showed the presence of Chytridiomycota predominantly in the upper layers coinciding with the vertical distribution of diatoms. Laboratory incubations of natural samples enriched with different diatom cultures confirmed parasitic interactions of some of those chytrids—including members of Kappamyces—with diatom taxa. The temporal dynamics of diatoms and chytrids was also explored in a 3‐year metabarcoding time‐series (2011–2013) from surface waters of the study area and in sediment samples. Chytrids were recurrently present at low relative abundances, and some taxa found to infect diatoms in the incubation experiments were also identified in the ASV time‐series. However, co‐occurrence analyses did not show any clear or recurrent pairing patterns for chytrid and diatom taxa along the 3 years. The chytrid community in the sediments showed a clearly different species composition compared with that recorded in the water column samples, with higher diversity and relative abundance. The combination of observations, incubations, and metabarcoding confirmed that parasites are a common component of marine protist communities at LTER‐MC. Host–parasite interactions must be determined and quantified to understand their role and the impact they have on phytoplankton dynamics.
Grassland ecosystem type drives AM fungal diversity and functional guild distribution in North American grasslands
Authors: Kasanke Christopher P. , Zhao Qian , Alfaro Trinidad , Walter Christopher A. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Cheeke Tanya E. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNutrient exchange forms the basis of the ancient symbiotic relationship that occurs between most land plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Plants provide carbon (C) to AM fungi and fungi provide the plant with nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). Nutrient addition can alter this symbiotic coupling in key ways, such as reducing AM fungal root colonization and changing the AM fungal community composition. However, environmental parameters that differentiate ecosystems and drive plant distribution patterns (e.g., pH, moisture), are also known to impact AM fungal communities. Identifying the relative contribution of environmental factors impacting AM fungal distribution patterns is important for predicting biogeochemical cycling patterns and plant‐microbe relationships across ecosystems. To evaluate the relative impacts of local environmental conditions and long‐term nutrient addition on AM fungal abundance and composition across grasslands, we studied experimental plots amended for 10 years with N, P, or N and P fertilizer in different grassland ecosystem types, including tallgrass prairie, montane, shortgrass prairie, and desert grasslands. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found ecosystem type, not nutrient treatment, was the main driver of AM fungal root colonization, diversity, and community composition, even when accounting for site‐specific nutrient limitations. We identified several important environmental drivers of grassland ecosystem AM fungal distribution patterns, including aridity, mean annual temperature, root moisture, and soil pH. This work provides empirical evidence for niche partitioning strategies of AM fungal functional guilds and emphasizes the importance of long‐term, large scale research projects to provide ecologically relevant context to nutrient addition studies.
Either (Nietzsche) / Or (Aristotle)? Macintyre's modernity and the enduring relevance of Kierkegaard
Authors: Rasmussen Joel D. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay situates Alasdair MacIntyre's typology of moral enquiry in Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry relative to his critique of Søren Kierkegaard in After Virtue to offer an alternative reading of Kierkegaard's Either/Or to the one MacIntyre proposes. The essay shows that MacIntyre's reading of Kierkegaard's Either/Or fails to register that in important respects Kierkegaard's counterpoint of rival perspectives in Either/Or bears striking resemblance to the scenario of mutual antagonisms that MacIntyre identifies among the genres of genealogy, encyclopaedia, and tradition‐informed moral enquiry. The essay then proposes a reading of Either/Or that implicitly questions not just the approach of the encyclopaedists, but also the approach of all genealogists of modernity (including the genealogy of Friedrich Nietzsche). Finally, contrary to MacIntyre's unfortunate judgement that “Kierkegaard's doctrine” is “at once the outcome and the epitaph of the Enlightenment's systematic attempt to discover a rational justification for morality,” the essay argues instead that what we can learn from Kierkegaard has been and ought to remain of enduring relevance for “tradition‐informed” philosophical and theological thinking in modernity.
The propaganda of Italian colonial imperialism in Africa through postage stamps (1903–1941)
Authors: Prieto‐Andrés Antonio , Corral García Alfonso , Fernández Romero Cayetano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractItaly had a colonial empire in Africa in the areas of Libya and East Africa during the first half of the 20th century. The postage stamps issued for these areas served as instruments of propaganda for that empire. This paper uses the method of quantitative content analysis to determine which themes and ideological messages appear on the postage stamps of the Italian African colonies. The results show that, although more than half of them have an attitude of respect for the life of the indigenous population or the civilizational benefit of the colonial government, with the purpose of expressing the benevolence of its power, almost a quarter reflect attitudes of domination, especially in East Africa. Overall, an image of exoticism emerges that reinforces the idea of the Italian nation as a new empire that aimed to show itself to the world as such, especially starting in the 1930s.
Not just civic or ethnic, but mostly cultural: Conceptions of national identity and opinions about immigration in Quebec
Authors: Gagnon Audrey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is well documented that individuals' conceptions of national identity influence their opinions about immigration. The most well‐known ideal types to capture conceptions of national identity are the civic and ethnic conceptions. Yet, this dichotomy does not reflect contemporary debates about immigration, which are framed in cultural terms. Scholars have thus proposed a cultural conception of national identity. The relationship between this conception and immigration, however, remains contested. Using an innovative approach to studying public opinion, this research analyses qualitative interviews conducted with individuals from the general public to investigate how each conception of national identity influences opinions about immigration in the context of Quebec, Canada. It shows that the cultural conception of national identity is related to both positive and negative opinions about immigration. This is explained by an evaluation mechanism whereby individuals evaluate if immigrants are included or excluded from the national group based on their (non)conformity to specific markers of identity. This evaluation is subjective and is often informed and substantiated by mediatised information about immigration‐related issues.
Personality and national identity: How the Big Five relate to civic and ethnic conceptions of nationhood
Authors: Hofstetter Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of national identity has recaptured the imagination of public opinion research and with it individuals' conceptions of what it takes to be a “true” member of their nation. This investigation aims to add to the explanation of varying conceptions of nationhood by scrutinising their personality‐based foundations. It provides the first systematic analysis of a yet unstudied link between the Big Five personality traits and two ideal‐typical conceptions of nationhood: civic and ethnic national identity. Using 18 samples from six European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, and the United Kingdom), each containing around 1000 individuals, we uncover psychological underpinnings of attitudes towards national membership, revealing several consistent trait patterns. We find a negative relationship between openness to experience and an ethnic national identity, while conscientiousness associates positively with the civic ideal type of national identity content. The findings presented extend current understandings of how people conceptualise national belonging and provide evidence that distinct conceptions of nationhood are related to different dispositional foundations.
Direct Anterior Approach Provides Superior Prosthesis Adaptability in the Early Postoperative Period of Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Shen Jing , Ji Ruiqing , Yao Sai , Ruan Pengfei , Zhu Zhouwei , Wang Xiang , Sun Huihui , Chen Jie , Ruan Hongfeng , Ji Weifeng 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesProsthesis awareness is the perception of foreign bodies, which has a critical effect on the function of the prosthetic joint. In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the direct anterior approach (DAA) has more advantages than the posterior approach (PA), including superior rehabilitation outcomes. This study was to evaluate the recovery of “prosthesis awareness” through these two approaches.MethodsThree hundred and seventy‐six patients who received THA with either DAA (n = 41) or PA (n = 335) from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12), Harris hip score (HHS), and visual analog scale (VAS) analyses were used to evaluate the recovery of “prosthesis awareness” in these patients 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The student t‐test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi‐square test, and MANOVA were used to compare the differences among groups.ResultsWe found that DAA patients had higher FJS‐12 scores than PA patients at 2 weeks (42.15 ± 3.36 vs. 38.09 ± 3.28, p = 0.042), 1 month (49.06 ± 5.14 vs. 41.11 ± 5.21, p = 0.038), and 3 months (53.23 ± 4.07 vs. 48.09 ± 3.71, t = 3.152, p = 0.045). And the recovery rates of FJS‐12 scores in DAA and PA groups at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery were 75.46% ± 6.04%, 84.05% ± 6.57%, 91.37% ± 7.13%, and 74.14% ± 5.54%, 78.16% ± 6.01%, 88.23% ± 6.42%, respectively. To compare the recovery effects of the two procedures in more detail, we classified the 12 items in FJS‐12 that evaluate different types of gravity center motions into three categories: low‐movement group (LG), middle‐movement group (MG), and high‐movement group (HG). Interestingly, DAA patients had significantly higher HG than PA patients at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after operation (t = 3.225, p = 0.022 at 2 weeks, t = 3.081, p = 0.041 at 1 month and t = 2.783, p = 0.046 at 3 months), whereas no significant differences were observed in LG‐ and MG‐related items. In addition, there were no significant differences in HHS and VAS scores between DAA and PA patients at 2 weeks (p = 0.102, p = 0.093), or from 1 month to 12 months (each p > 0.05).ConclusionsDAA‐mediated THA is superior to PA in terms of prosthesis adaptability and recovery of hip joint motion in the first 3 months after surgery, especially concerning high‐movement gravity center motions.
Correlation of unipolar electrogram modification with ablation index during pulmonary vein isolation: A pilot study
Authors: Paymard Mohammad , Deyell Marc W. , Laksman Zachary W. , Yeung‐Lai‐Wah John A. , Chakrabarti Santabhanu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency catheter ablation is a widely accepted therapy for drug‐refractory atrial fibrillation patients. Elimination of the negative component of the local unipolar electrogram (UEGM) during PVI is a marker of transmural lesion formation. The ablation index (AI) can predict the quality of ablation lesion. Combining these two parameters could make PVI safer and efficient. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the correlation between UEGM modification characteristics of the different target areas of left atrium and the associated AI values during PVI.MethodsWe analyzed 10 patients who underwent PVI using radiofrequency energy. The local electrophysiological properties and ablation parameters of 15 designated areas of interest in the left atria targeted by radiofrequency catheter ablation were collected.ResultsOut of the 10 patients, six were men (mean age 66 years) and 80% had paroxysmal AF. The mean time to achieve the UEGM modification in the posterior wall was shorter than that of the anterior wall (8.9 seconds vs. 11.1 s, respectively). The UEGM modification for every lesion was achieved at significantly lower AI values than conventional AIs (p < .001).ConclusionDuring PVI, the AIs deduced according to the local UEGM modification are markedly shorter than those generally recommended AIs in contemporary practice. This indicates that conventionally recommended AIs could be safely reduced while ensuring the efficacy and quality of radiofrequency ablation during PVI. This approach would probably reduce to risk of collateral thermal injuries.
Diversity, classification, and EST‐SSR‐based association analysis of caladium ornamental traits
Authors: Zhou Yiwei , Ye Yuanjun , Zhu Genfa , Xu Yechun , Tan Jianjun , Liu Jinmei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCaladium (Caladium × Hortulanum Birdsey) is a popular ornamental plant with a wide range of vibrant leaf color among Araceae. Even after years of breeding, creating new caladium leaf color variations is extremely difficult. Molecular marker‐assisted selection is an effective approach for accelerating breeding, but few studies on the molecular markers associated with caladium traits have been performed. In the current study, 144 caladium accessions were used to examine 12 phenotypic characteristics. The coefficient of variation for four numerical characters ranged from 23.94% to 43.22%, and the Shannon–Wiener indexes for eight descriptive characters ranged from 0.13 to 1.52. Based on L*, a*, b*, C, h° values determined by a colorimeter and hierarchical cluster analysis, the leaf color can be divided into four groups: pale green, green, light pink, and red. Furthermore, 7708 new SSR loci were identified by transcriptome sequencing, and 26 SSR markers with high polymorphism and reproducibility were screened. Genetic structure, NJ clustering, and PCoA analysis revealed that 144 accessions could be divided into three clusters, with genetic structure being closely related to germplasm origin. An association analysis revealed that the SSR markers 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 1 were mainly associated with petiole color, main vein color, blade upperside glossiness, and C, b*, and L* of leaf color (p < 0.01). These findings will serve as a valuable reference for evaluating germplasm resources and caladium molecular marker‐assisted breeding.
School dropout and overeducation in developing economies: Feasibility of a budgetary solution†
Authors: Gooptu Sayoree , Mukherjee Vivekananda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh rates of school dropout and overeducation are typical problems faced by developing economies. This paper addresses these issues in a unique theoretical model that accounts for complementarity between household and infrastructural investment in education production function on the one hand, and school and higher education on the other hand. The results derived in this paper show that a reallocation of the education budget in favor of school education can solve both problems at the same time if certain conditions are satisfied. Otherwise, reallocation aggravates the problems. This paper questions the efficacy of the widely practiced budget reallocation policy in favor of school education, and in turn, shows that reallocation cannot eliminate school dropouts.