bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Non-Physicians to Assess Respiratory Distress in the Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Donovan Jake K. , Burton Samuel O. , Jones Samuel L. , Meadley Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:The use of ultrasound in the out-of-hospital environment is increasingly feasible. The potential uses for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) by paramedics are many, but have historically been limited to traumatic indications. This study utilized a scoping review methodology to map the evidence for the use of POCUS by paramedics to assess respiratory distress and to gain a broader understanding of the topic.Methods:Databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and PUBMED were searched from January 1, 1990 through April 14, 2021. Google Scholar was searched, and reference lists of relevant papers were examined to identify additional studies. Articles were included if they reported on out-of-hospital POCUS performed by non-physicians for non-traumatic respiratory distress.Results:A total of 591 unique articles were identified, of which seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles reported various different scan protocols and, with one exception, suffered from low enrolments and low participation. Most articles reported that non-physician-performed ultrasound was feasible. Articles reported moderate to high levels of agreement between paramedics and expert reviewers for scan interpretation in most studies.Conclusion:Paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) have demonstrated the feasibility of lung ultrasound in the out-of-hospital environment. Further research should investigate the utility of standardized education and scanning protocols in paramedic-performed lung ultrasound for the differentiation of respiratory distress and the implications for patient outcomes.
Modern ornament in fin de siècle Paris: Antonin Raguenet’s Matériaux et documents d’architecture et de sculpture
Authors: He Gary Huafan 
Published: May 2022

This article examines the work of Antonin Raguenet (1839–1920), who directed from his studio in Paris between 1872 and 1914 a vast project of architectural taxonomy, the Matériaux et documents d’architecture et de sculpture. Though unique in its vast geographic scope and empiricist approach, Raguenet’s project remains relatively obscure in the current scholarship of art and architectural history. Published monthly in eight-page pamphlets totaling over five hundred serialised issues, the Matériaux et documents ultimately contained over fourteen thousand illustrations of ornaments collected from buildings, plazas, monuments, and cemeteries across the European continent.Raguenet’s ornamental gaze moves seamlessly from Haussmann-era apartment buildings, to universal expositions in Paris and abroad, to the façades of Lavirotte, Schoellkopf, and Guimard, reflecting the production and reproduction of ornament literature during the period of the Belle Époque. The collecting and cataloguing of architecture elements into categories – windows, cartouche, doors, capitals, balconies, etc. – is aided by the maturation of print media, the passenger railroad industry, and the rise of photographic reproduction in the late nineteenth century. This reading of the Matériaux et documents will introduce its context, contents, and methodology, as well as the role of ornament in imagining and observing the emergence of a new ‘modern style’ at the end of the nineteenth century.
Fluvial Depositional Systems of the African Humid Period: An Analog for an Early, Wet Mars in the Eastern Sahara
Authors: Zaki A. S. , Davis J. M. , Edgett K. S. , Giegengack R. , Roige M. , Conway S. , Schuster M. , Gupta S. , Salese F. , Sangwan K. S. , Fairén A. G. , Hughes C. M. , Pain C. F. , Castelltort S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA widely hypothesized but complex transition from widespread fluvial activity to predominantly aeolian processes is inferred on Mars based on remote sensing data observations of ancient landforms. However, the lack of analysis of in situ martian fluvial deposits hinders our understanding of the flow regime nature and sustainability of the martian fluvial activity and the hunt for ancient life. Studying analogs from arid zones on Earth is fundamental to quantitatively understanding geomorphic processes and climate drivers that might have dominated during early Mars. Here we investigate the formation and preservation of fluvial depositional systems in the eastern Sahara, where the largest arid region on Earth hosts important repositories of past climatic changes. The fluvial systems are composed of well‐preserved single‐thread sinuous to branching ridges and fan‐shaped deposits interpreted as deltas. The systems' configuration and sedimentary content suggest that ephemeral rivers carved these landforms by sequential intermittent episodes of erosion and deposition active for 10–100s years over ∼10,000 years during the late Quaternary. Subsequently, these landforms were sculpted by a marginal role of rainfall and aeolian processes with minimum erosion rates of 1.1 ± 0.2 mm/yr, supplying ∼96 ± 24 × 1010 m3 of disaggregated sediment to adjacent aeolian dunes. Our results imply that similar martian fluvial systems preserving single‐thread, short distance source‐to‐sink courses may have formed due to transient drainage networks active over short durations. Altogether, this study adds to the growing recognition of the complexity of interpreting climate history from orbital images of landforms.
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential of Alternate Wetting and Drying for Rice Production at National Scale—A Modeling Case Study for the Philippines
Authors: Kraus David , Werner Christian , Janz Baldur , Klatt Steffen , Sander Björn Ole , Wassmann Reiner , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWorldwide, rice production contributes about 10% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agricultural sector, mainly due to CH4 emissions from continuously flooded fields. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) is a promising crop technology for mitigating CH4 emissions and reducing the irrigation water currently being applied in many of the world's top rice‐producing countries. However, decreased emissions of CH4 may be partially counterbalanced by increased N2O emissions. In this case study for the Philippines, the national mitigation potential of AWD is explored using the process‐based biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC. Simulated mean annual CH4 emissions under conventional rice production for the time period 2000–2011 are estimated as 1,180 ± 163 Gg CH4 yr−1. During the cropping season, this is about +16% higher than a former estimate using emission factors. Scenario simulations of nationwide introduction of AWD in irrigated landscapes suggest a considerable decrease in CH4 emissions by −23%, while N2O emissions are only increased by +8%. Irrespective of field management, at national scale, the radiative forcing of irrigated rice production is always dominated by CH4 (>95%). The reduction potential of GHG emissions depends on, for example, number of crops per year, residue management, amount of applied irrigation water, and sand content. Seasonal weather conditions also play an important role since the mitigation potential of AWD is almost double as high in dry as compared to wet seasons. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the importance of temporal continuity, considering off‐season emissions and the long‐term development of GHG emissions across multiple years.
LOEN: Lensless opto-electronic neural network empowered machine vision
Authors: Shi Wanxin , Huang Zheng , Huang Honghao , Hu Chengyang , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMachine vision faces bottlenecks in computing power consumption and large amounts of data. Although opto-electronic hybrid neural networks can provide assistance, they usually have complex structures and are highly dependent on a coherent light source; therefore, they are not suitable for natural lighting environment applications. In this paper, we propose a novel lensless opto-electronic neural network architecture for machine vision applications. The architecture optimizes a passive optical mask by means of a task-oriented neural network design, performs the optical convolution calculation operation using the lensless architecture, and reduces the device size and amount of calculation required. We demonstrate the performance of handwritten digit classification tasks with a multiple-kernel mask in which accuracies of as much as 97.21% were achieved. Furthermore, we optimize a large-kernel mask to perform optical encryption for privacy-protecting face recognition, thereby obtaining the same recognition accuracy performance as no-encryption methods. Compared with the random MLS pattern, the recognition accuracy is improved by more than 6%.
Differential expression of gene co-expression networks related to the mTOR signaling pathway in bipolar disorder
Authors: Park Sung Woo , Seo Mi Kyoung , Webster Maree J. , Lee Jung Goo , Kim Sanghyeon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness characterized by episodes of depression and mania. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, we performed transcriptome studies using RNA-seq data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with BPD and matched controls, as well as data from cell culture and animal model studies. We found 879 differentially expressed genes that were also replicated in an independent cohort of post-mortem samples. Genes involving the mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway were down-regulated, while genes interrelated with the mTOR pathway such as Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway were up-regulated. Gene co-expression network analyses identified a module related to the mTOR pathway that was up-regulated in BPD and also enriched for markers of endothelial cells. We also found a down-regulated co-expression module enriched for genes involved in mTOR signalling and in mTOR related pathways and enriched with neuronal markers. The mTOR related modules were also replicated in the independent cohort of samples. To investigate whether the expression of the modules related to mTOR signalling pathway could be differentially regulated in different cell types we performed comparative network analyses in experimental models. We found both up-regulated modules in the PFC significantly overlapped with an up-regulated module in the brain endothelial cells from mice treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and mTOR related pathways such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt and ribosome were enriched in the common genes. In addition, the down-regulated module in the PFC significantly overlapped with a down-regulated module from neurons treated with the mTOR inhibitor, Torin1 and mTOR signalling, autophagy, and synaptic vesicle cycles were significantly enriched in the common genes. These results suggest that co-expression networks related to mTOR signalling pathways may be up- or down-regulated in different cell types in the PFC of BPD. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BPD.
The emerging role of ubiquitin-specific protease 20 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics
Authors: Li Qiong , Ye Chanqi , Tian Tian , Jiang Qi , Zhao Peng , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Feiye , Shan Jianzhen , Ruan Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a critical member of the ubiquitin-specific proteolytic enzyme family, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20) regulates the stability of proteins via multiple signaling pathways. In addition, USP20 upregulation is associated with various cellular biological processes, such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Emerging studies have revealed the pivotal role of USP20 in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and adult T cell leukemia. In our review, we highlight the different mechanisms of USP20 in various tumor types and demonstrate that USP20 regulates the stability of multiple proteins. Therefore, regulating the activity of USP20 is a novel tumor treatment. However, the clinical significance of USP20 in cancer treatment merits more evidence. Finally, different prospects exist for the continued research focus of USP20.
Novel roles of RTN4 and CLIMP-63 in regulating mitochondrial structure, bioenergetics and apoptosis
Authors: Carter Rachel J. , Milani Mateus , Beckett Alison J. , Liu Shiyu , Prior Ian A. , Cohen Gerald M. , Varadarajan Shankar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recruitment of DRP1 to mitochondrial membranes prior to fission is facilitated by the wrapping of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes around the mitochondria. To investigate the complex interplay between the ER membranes and DRP1 in the context of mitochondrial structure and function, we downregulate two key ER shaping proteins, RTN4 and CLIMP-63, and demonstrate pronounced mitochondrial hyperfusion and reduced ER-mitochondria contacts, despite their differential regulation of ER architecture. Although mitochondrial recruitment of DRP1 is unaltered in cells lacking RTN4 or CLIMP-63, several aspects of mitochondrial function, such as mtDNA-encoded translation, respiratory capacity and apoptosis are significantly hampered. Further mechanistic studies reveal that CLIMP-63 is required for cristae remodeling (OPA1 proteolysis) and DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission, whereas both RTN4 and CLIMP-63 regulate the recruitment of BAX to ER and mitochondrial membranes to enable cytochrome c release and apoptosis, thereby performing novel and distinct roles in the regulation of mitochondrial structure and function.
LncRNA LYPLAL1-DT screening from type 2 diabetes with macrovascular complication contributes protective effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells via regulating the miR-204-5p/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Liu Yihan , Cui Jia , Lv Jianyi , Li Changlong , Lu Jing , Huo Xueyun , Dou Jingtao , Bai Zhigang , Chen Zhenwen , Du Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diabetes related diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with macrovascular complication (DMC) has seldomly been recognized. This study screened lncRNA profiles of leukocytes from DMC patients and explored protective role of lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT in endothelial cells (EC) under high glucose (HG) and inflammatory conditions (IS). Between DMC and healthy controls, 477 differential expression lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified. The enrichment and pathway analysis showed that most of the DE-lncRNAs belonged to inflammatory, metabolic, and vascular diseases. A total of 12 lncRNAs was validated as significant DE-lncRNAs in expanding cohorts. Furthermore, these DE-lncRNAs were shown to be significantly related to hypoxia, HG, and IS in EC, especially lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT. LYPLAL1-DT overexpression results in the promotion of the proliferation, and migration of EC, as well as an elevation of autophagy. Overexpressed LYPLAL1-DT reduces the adhesion of monocytes to EC, boosts anti-inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory molecules secreted in the medium. Mechanistically, LYPLAL1-DT acts as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by downregulating miR-204-5p, therefore enhancing SIRT1 and protecting EC autophagy function; thus, alleviating apoptosis. Finally, exosome sequencing revealed LYPLAL1-DT expression was 4 times lower in DMC cells than in healthy samples. In general, we identified LYPLAL1-DT having protective effects on EC as ceRNA mediated through the miR-204-5p/SIRT1 pathway. Therefore, it inhibits the autophagy of EC as well as modulating systemic inflammation. This approach could be regarded as a new potential therapeutic target in DMC.
Derivation of totipotent-like stem cells with blastocyst-like structure forming potential
Authors: Xu Yaxing , Zhao Jingru , Ren Yixuan , Wang Xuyang , Lyu Yulin , Xie Bingqing , Sun Yiming , Yuan Xiandun , Liu Haiyin , Yang Weifeng , Fu Yenan , Yu Yu , Liu Yinan , Mu Rong , Li Cheng , Xu Jun , Deng Hongkui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to derive totipotent stem cells in vitro that functionally and molecularly resemble cells from totipotent embryos. Here, we report that a chemical cocktail enables the derivation of totipotent-like stem cells, designated as totipotent potential stem (TPS) cells, from 2-cell mouse embryos and extended pluripotent stem cells, and that these TPS cells can be stably maintained long term in vitro. TPS cells shared features with 2-cell mouse embryos in terms of totipotency markers, transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation patterns. In vivo chimera formation assays show that these cells have embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potentials at the single-cell level. Moreover, TPS cells can be induced into blastocyst-like structures resembling preimplantation mouse blastocysts. Mechanistically, inhibition of HDAC1/2 and DOT1L activity and activation of RARγ signaling are important for inducing and maintaining totipotent features of TPS cells. Our study opens up a new path toward fully capturing totipotent stem cells in vitro.
Fast and accurate population admixture inference from genotype data from a few microsatellites to millions of SNPs
Authors: Wang Jinliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModel-based (likelihood and Bayesian) and non-model-based (PCA andK-means clustering) methods were developed to identify populations and assign individuals to the identified populations using marker genotype data. Model-based methods are favoured because they are based on a probabilistic model of population genetics with biologically meaningful parameters and thus produce results that are easily interpretable and applicable. Furthermore, they often yield more accurate structure inferences than non-model-based methods. However, current model-based methods either are computationally demanding and thus applicable to small problems only or use simplified admixture models that could yield inaccurate results in difficult situations such as unbalanced sampling. In this study, I propose new likelihood methods for fast and accurate population admixture inference using genotype data from a few multiallelic microsatellites to millions of diallelic SNPs. The methods conduct first a clustering analysis of coarse-grained population structure by using the mixture model and the simulated annealing algorithm, and then an admixture analysis of fine-grained population structure by using the clustering results as a starting point in an expectation maximisation algorithm. Extensive analyses of both simulated and empirical data show that the new methods compare favourably with existing methods in both accuracy and running speed. They can analyse small datasets with just a few multiallelic microsatellites but can also handle in parallel terabytes of data with millions of markers and millions of individuals. In difficult situations such as many and/or lowly differentiated populations, unbalanced or very small samples of individuals, the new methods are substantially more accurate than other methods.
Novel NARS2 variant causing leigh syndrome with normal lactate levels
Authors: Tanaka Ryosuke , Takeguchi Ryo , Kuroda Mami , Suzuki Nao , Makita Yoshio , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeigh syndrome is the most genetically heterogenous phenotype of mitochondrial disease. We describe a patient with Leigh syndrome whose diagnosis had not been confirmed because of normal metabolic screening results at the initial presentation. Whole-exome sequencing identified pathogenic variants in NARS2, the gene encoding a mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. One of the biallelic variants was novel. This highlights the essential role of genetic testing for a definite diagnosis of Leigh syndrome.
Genome and transcriptome mechanisms driving cephalopod evolution
Authors: Albertin Caroline B. , Medina-Ruiz Sofia , Mitros Therese , Schmidbaur Hannah , Sanchez Gustavo , Wang Z. Yan , Grimwood Jane , Rosenthal Joshua J. C. , Ragsdale Clifton W. , Simakov Oleg , Rokhsar Daniel S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCephalopods are known for their large nervous systems, complex behaviors and morphological innovations. To investigate the genomic underpinnings of these features, we assembled the chromosomes of the Boston market squid, Doryteuthis (Loligo) pealeii, and the California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, and compared them with those of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. The genomes of the soft-bodied (coleoid) cephalopods are highly rearranged relative to other extant molluscs, indicating an intense, early burst of genome restructuring. The coleoid genomes feature multi-megabase, tandem arrays of genes associated with brain development and cephalopod-specific innovations. We find that a known coleoid hallmark, extensive A-to-I mRNA editing, displays two fundamentally distinct patterns: one exclusive to the nervous system and concentrated in genic sequences, the other widespread and directed toward repetitive elements. We conclude that coleoid novelty is mediated in part by substantial genome reorganization, gene family expansion, and tissue-dependent mRNA editing.
Origin of high thermal conductivity in disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films: ballistic phonons within enlarged crystals
Authors: Kim Taeyong , Drakopoulos Stavros X. , Ronca Sara , Minnich Austin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe thermal transport properties of oriented polymers are of fundamental and practical interest. High thermal conductivities ( ≳ 50 Wm−1K−1) have recently been reported in disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films, considerably exceeding prior reported values for oriented films. However, conflicting explanations have been proposed for the microscopic origin of the high thermal conductivity. Here, we report a characterization of the thermal conductivity and mean free path accumulation function of disentangled UHMWPE films (draw ratio ~200) using cryogenic steady-state thermal conductivity measurements and transient grating spectroscopy. We observe a marked dependence of the thermal conductivity on grating period over temperatures from 30–300 K. Considering this observation, cryogenic bulk thermal conductivity measurements, and analysis using an anisotropic Debye model, we conclude that longitudinal atomic vibrations with mean free paths around 400 nanometers are the primary heat carriers, and that the high thermal conductivity for draw ratio ≳ 150 arises from the enlargement of extended crystals with drawing. The mean free paths appear to remain limited by the extended crystal dimensions, suggesting that the upper limit of thermal conductivity of disentangled UHMWPE films has not yet been realized.