bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Response to Prone Positioning in Mechanically-ventilated Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Protti Alessandro , Santini Alessandro , Pennati Francesca , Chiurazzi Chiara , Ferrari Michele , Iapichino Giacomo E. , Carenzo Luca , Corte Francesca Dalla , Lanza Ezio , Martinetti Nicolò , Aliverti Andrea , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundProne positioning improves survival in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) unrelated to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-2019). This benefit is probably mediated by a decrease in alveolar collapse and hyperinflation and a more homogeneous distribution of lung aeration, with fewer harms of mechanical ventilation. Herein we aimed to verify whether prone positioning causes analogue changes in lung aeration in COVID-2019. A positive result would support prone positioning even in this other population. MethodsFifteen mechanically-ventilated patients with COVID-19 underwent a lung computed tomography in the supine and prone position within three days of endotracheal intubation and with a constant positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Using quantitative analysis, we measured the volume of the non-aerated, poorly-aerated, well-aerated, and over-aerated compartments and the gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung. In addition, we expressed the heterogeneity of lung aeration with the standardized median absolute deviation of the ten vertical gas-to-tissue ratios, with lower values indicating less heterogeneity. ResultsBy the time of the study, PEEP was 12 (10-14) cmH2O and the PaO2:FiO2 107 (84-173) mmHg in the supine position. With prone positioning, the volume of the non-aerated compartment decreased by 82 (26-147) ml, of the poorly-aerated compartment increased by 82 (53-174) ml, of the normally-aerated compartment did not significantly change, and of the over-aerated compartment decreased by 28 (11-186) ml. In eight (53%) patients, the volume of the over-aerated compartment decreased more than the volume of the non-aerated compartment. The gas-to-tissue ratio of the ten vertical levels of the lung decreased by 0.34 (0.25-0.49) ml/g per level in the supine position and by 0.03 (-0.11-0.14) ml/g in the prone position (p<0.001). The standardized median absolute deviation of the gas-to-tissue ratios of those ten levels decreased in all patients, from 0.55 (0.50-0.71) to 0.20 (0.14-0.27) (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn fifteen patients with COVID-19, prone positioning decreased alveolar collapse and hyperinflation, and homogenized lung aeration. A similar response has been observed in other ARDS, where prone positioning improves outcome. Therefore, our data provide a pathophysiological rationale to support prone positioning even in COVID-19.
Qualitative phytochemical exploration guided in vitro antibacterial activity studies on crude stem bark extract of stereospermum kunthainum (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Ameja Lamessa Bekele , Ayana Misganew Tegegne , Derese Zelalem Bitew , Tariku Yinebeb , Yihun Fantahun Aklog , Kassa Mulugeta Tesemma , Bahiru Legesse Adane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Stereospermum kunthianum plant is known by local name Botoro, in Ethiopia and widely used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of venereal diseases, dysentery and to treat toothache in different regions of the country. Objective: The study was designed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of the crude stem bark extracts of S.kunthianum based on the result obtained from phytochemical exploration test. Methods: The plant part was collected from Wayu Tuka district, and air dried. The powdered plant material was subjected to gradient extraction with solvent system using maceration technique and the constituent matter was concentrated, separated and collected for further investigation. Preliminary phytochemical screening test was made using the dried extract. Results: Qualitative phytochemical exploration results showed that, the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, Phenolics and tannins. The crude extract of the respected solvent containing relatively many phytochemicals was subjected to in vitro antibacterial evaluation using disc diffusion method against clinically isolated bacterial strains. In this study a promising results were recorded at higher concentration (500 ppm) of methanol extract against gram positive bacteria S. progens and S. aurous with zone of inhibition of 23± 1.46 and 21 ± 0.71, respectively and against gram negative strain, E.coli with zone of inhibition of 20 ± 1.63 showing close comparable antibacterial result with the antibiotics used as standard. Conclusion: in vitro antibacterial result of this study depicts that, antibacterial effect of methanol stem bark extracts of S.kunthianum was positively associated due to the presence tannins and phenolic phytochemicals.
Microstructured Optical Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance for Dual-Optofluidic-Channel Sensing
Authors: Wu Jixuan , Li Ye , Song Binbin , Zhang Cheng , Wang Qian , Gao Xinliang , Huang Kaixing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is designed and theoretically investigated for dual-channel optofluidic sensing. The design of the MOF consists of a solid silica core surrounded with double air holes, and the hollow section is coated with thin Ag film to excite the surface plasmon waves on the dielectric interface. The optofluidic sensing characteristics of the individual channel have been analyzed based on mode-coupling theory between core and plasma modes. By filling the dual channel with different liquid analyte, the resonance wavelengths are adjusted away from each other to achieve dual-optofluidic-channel sensing. When the refractive index (RI) of liquid samples varies from 1.33 to 1.39 RIU, the optofluidic sensing sensitivities of channel 1 and channel 2 in MOF are 1439.29 nm/RIU and 4003.57 nm/RIU, respectively. The proposed SPR-based MOF is appropriate for multi-channel biological and chemical sensing fields.
ROS Deficiency Exacerbates Donor T Cell-mediated hyperacuteGVHD And Its Predictive Value in Allogeneic HSCT in Human Patients.
Authors: Cao Yigeng , Wang Jiali , Jiang Shan , Sakai Jiro , Zhang Shiyue , Sun Lu , Zhang Sudong , Wang Tong , Lyu Mengnan , Feng Sizhou , Feng Xiaoming , Luo Hongbo R. , Zhou Jiaxi , Han Mingzhe , Jiang Erlie , Xu Yuanfu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as a severe and lethal disorder frequently occurs within 2 weeks followed by allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Molecular mechanisms underlying allo-HSCT triggered hyperacute GVHD remain elusive. Method: Using a genetic NADPH-oxidase deficient CGD murine hyperacute GVHD model, we measured the proportion and related function of donor-derived T cells and recipient-derived myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSC) by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species(ROS), a key molecule of immunosuppressive function, was evaluated by luminometer in murine model and cohort patients who received allo-HSCT with or without hyperacute GVHD. We also performed related interventions such as MDSC depletion and ROS agonist to discern the clinical significance of MDSC-NADPH-ROS axis on immune homeostasis. The underlying mechanism on the process of hyperacute GVHD was determined by RNA-sequence assay and cytokine profiling. Results: Here we surprisedly found that MDSC derived ROS potently prevents hyperacute GVHD by suppressing T cells activation. Moreover, in CGD mice receiving transplantation, the donor derived T cells triggered an immense allo-reactive T cell response and gained killing capacity during hyperacute GVHD. MDSCs, a main cell type for ROS production, exhibited defective suppressive effects on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Similarly, pharmacological depletion of MDSCs by an anti-Gr1antibody reproduced the hyperacute GVHD phenotype as seen in CGD mice. Conversely, a gain-of-function approach using a ROS agonist prevented development of hyperacute GVHD. Transcriptional analysis showed that T-cell dysregulation during hyperacute GVHD. In a cohort of 17 patients who received allo-HSCT, ROS levels were reversely correlated with hyperacute GVHD development. Together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into the MDSC-NADPH-ROS suppressive functions in development of allo-HSCT.Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we propose a new therapeutic paradigm by delivery of ROS agonists for effective prevention and treatment of hyperacute GVHD.
Pragmatic implementation research study for In Our DNA SC: a protocol to identify multi-level factors that support the implementation, adaptation, and sustainment of a population-wide genomic screening initiative in diverse populations
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn 2021, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) partnered with Helix, a population genetic testing company, to offer population-wide genomic screening for CDC Tier 1 conditions to 100,000 individuals in South Carolina. We developed an implementation science protocol to study the multi-level factors that influence successful implementation of the In Our DNA SC initiative. MethodsWe will use a convergent parallel mixed-methods study design to evaluate the implementation of planned strategies and associated outcomes for In Our DNA SC. Aims focus on monitoring participation to ensure engagement of racially and ethnically diverse populations, assessing contextual factors that influence implementation in community and clinical settings, describing implementation work group facilitators and barriers, and tracking program adaptations. We report details about each data collection tool and analyses planned, including: surveys, interview guides, and tracking logs to capture and code work group meetings, adaptations, and technical assistance needs. DiscussionThe goal of In Our DNA SC is to provide population-level screening for actionable genetic conditions and to foster ongoing translational research. The use of implementation science can help better understand how to support the success of In Our DNA SC, identify barriers and opportunities associated encountered during the implementation of strategies to promote In Our DNA SC to various audiences, and can insure the sustainability of population-level genetic testing. The model-based components of our implementation science protocol can support identification of best practices to streamline the expansion of similar population genomics programs at other institutions
Robotic surgery in a 12-year-old girl to achieve Cholecystectomy and total Splenectomy indicated for complications of hereditary spherocytosis: Case report
Authors: NTSOBE TOBIE ERIC , WEI PENG , HAIJIN LIU , FENG CHEN , HAIJIN HUANG 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
AIM: The application of robotic-assisted laparoscopy in pediatric surgery.MATERIALS AND METHOD: We used robotic-assisted laparoscopy to perform cholecystectomy and total splenectomy in a 12-year-old girl suffering from complications of chronic anemia due to hereditary spherocytosis. This report has been approved by our hospital Ethical Committee and we got a consent statement from her mother. Patient confidentiality has been respected and the intention of this work is mainly for scientific consideration.RESULTS: We successfully removed the gallbladder and spleen with accessories using a robotic system. This intervention was safe and less risky for our patient. She improved rapidly and has been discharged after 11 days. The total length of hospital stay was 25 days. The first post-operative visit has been planned after 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted laparoscopy is giving another issue to perform major surgeries in children. Such surgeries have since been considered more invasive with conventional laparoscopy.
Fluctuating nanofluid environments induce prebiotic RNA formation in water
Authors: de Herrera A. Greiner , Markert T. , Trixler F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A long-standing, crucial problem in the research on the chemical evolution towards the origin of life is the so-called ‘water paradox’. It states that although water is essential to life, key chemical reactions such as the synthesis of RNA are inhibited by it. Current hypotheses addressing this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when taking the conservative nature of evolution into account. Here, we report spontaneous abiotic RNA formation in aqueous environments. The synthesis is driven by nanofluid phenomena that alter critical properties of water. Our findings provide a solution to the paradox in a multifaceted way: abiotic, temporal nanofluid confinements allow prebiotic condensation reaction pathways in water under stable, moderate conditions, emerge in aqueous particle suspensions of varied composition as a geologically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment, and are consistent with the principle that evolution builds on existing pathways, as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water.
High-Baseline Tumor Burden–Associated Macrophages Promote Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Restrain Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy Through the IGFBP2–STAT3–PD-L1 Pathway
Authors: Wen Zhaowei , Zhou Rui , Sun Huiying , Zhang Zhihua , Zheng Yannan , Zheng Siting , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In recent decades, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a conspicuous promising treatment. However, there are still some problems such as limited effective rate and undefined suitable patients. With increasing attention to the influence of baseline tumor burden on the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs, most researchers are currently of the view that patients with high-baseline tumor burden (HTB) have shorter overall survival and poor immunotherapy efficacy; nevertheless, recent studies have been limited to clinical phenomena without deep mechanistic exploration. Methods: RNA-seq and Single-cell RNA sequencing were used to reveal the difference of microenvironment between low-baseline tumor burden (LTB) and HTB tumor. Mice model construction, flow cytometry and cytokine antibody array were used to identify the phenomenon and mechanism of HTB effects on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and ICIs effcacy.Results: HTB caused a significantly higher infiltration with M2-type macrophages expressing a high level of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to block the infiltration by CD8+ T cells and impaired the therapeutic effect of ICIs. HTB-derived IGFBP2 induced the macrophages’ polarization and PD-L1 expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, these HTB–activated macrophages exerted a pro-tumor effect by inhibiting proliferation and cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. Disappointingly, total tumor burden did not affect the microenvironment or the immunotherapy efficacy of any single tumor. Moreover, macrophage inhibitor in HTB and palliative surgery were not able to increase the therapeutic efficacy in HTB. Only in the early stage of tumor with LTB, the macrophage inhibitor PLX3397 significantly improved the efficacy of ICIs on HTB. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that HTB induced the production of PD-L1+ M2-macrophages through the IGFBP2–STAT3 signaling pathway to generate the suppressive TIME, thereby reducing the efficacy of ICIs. These results further clarify the effects and illuminate a novel mechanism of HTB effects on ICI efficacy, and also provide functional evidence for an earlier use of macrophage inhibitors or combination treatment to reshape the tumor microenvironment.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings as a necessary part of the gravitational field. Obtaining new physical formulas and indicators: the formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, the formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string, the minimum distance of action of gravitational forces etc.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study introduces scientific concepts such as gravitational cells and gravitational strings. This innovation made it possible to move from general ideas about the gravitational interaction of bodies in space to a more detailed understanding of this physical process and to obtain significant scientific results. These results include: obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, obtaining the formula for the gravitational quantum, obtaining the formula for the electron mass, obtaining the formula for the mass of the hydrogen atom, obtaining the formula for the vibrational velocity of the gravitational string, obtaining the value of the minimum distance of gravitational interaction, obtaining a new physical formula for the speed of a body in a gravitational field, obtaining the formula for the limit of action of gravitational forces. The calculations made according to the new formulas completely coincided with the experimental data. In this work, Planck's constant was successfully applied to the gravitational interaction (with its help, the minimum distance of the gravitational interaction was determined, the mass of the hydrogen atom was calculated with an accuracy of 10−7, etc.). A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that most of the new formulas contain only fundamental physical constants.
Multi-omics analysis of the symbiotic green algae, Chlorella variabilis, revealing the genetic basis of the obligate endosymbiotic lifestyle
Authors: Ogura Atsushi , Minei Ryuhei , Hoshina Ryo , Higuchi Rina , Chen Lin , Akizuki Yuki , Terabayashi Yasunobu , Kira Satoshi , Kitagawa Masanari , Suzaki Toshinobu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Photosynthetic eukaryotes have evolved through the acquisition of plastids by secondary endosymbiosis, a process that requires several steps. Immediately before plastid acquisition, the genome of the symbiont is known to be dramatically reduced, but few studies have focused on the genomic changes in the symbiont at the early stages of secondary endosymbiosis. Methods: To investigate the genetic basis of the transition from facultative to obligate endosymbiosis, we compared the genomes of Chlorella variabilis, a representative symbiotic alga, with that of Paramecium bursaria, to compare closely related free-living species and transcriptomes between organisms in symbiotic and non-symbiotic conditions. Results: We found that the non-reduced genome of C. variabilis and its genes play a crucial role in endosymbiosis, being involved in cell wall biogenesis and degradation, and metabolic exchanges with the host. Our results suggest that the genetic mechanism underlying the enhancement of photosynthesis under symbiosis is the increasing light absorption efficiency and carbon fixation capacity of the endosymbiont, resulting in an increase in the supply of maltose to P. bursaria.
OPTIMALISASI APLIKASI E-COMMERCE SHOPEE FOOD SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMASARAN UMKM DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Dewi Adhita Maharani 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK Dampak pandemic Covid 19 mengakibatkan banyak perusahaan gulung tikar, sehingga terpaksa melakukan pemutusan hubungan kerja terhadap karyawan. Sisi positif dari pemutusan hubungan kerja, muncul UMKM baru yang bergerak dibidang kuliner. Pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh UMKM melibatkan e-commerce. Salah satu e-commerce yang konsisten melakukan perubahan terhadap fitur – fiturnya adalah Shopee. Ditahun 2020 Shopee meluncurkan fitur baru yaitu Shopee food. Lewat fitur ini UMKM bisa mendaftar sebagai penjual. Shopee food menawarkan beberapa kemudahan bagi konsumen maupun penjual. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran ecommerce shopee food sebagai media pemasaran bagi UMKM dimasa pandemic covid 19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesiner melalui google form. Varibel X dalam penelitian ini adalah diskon, cash back dan shopee pay. Sedangkan variable Y adalah Keputusan Pembelian. Varibel X memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hasil dari penelitian ini variabel yang paling dominan adalah diskon. Toko yang memberikan diskon secara berkesinambungan akan menimbulkan minat beli konsumen yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci : keputusan pembelian, diskon, cash back, shopee pay. ABSTRACT The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in many companies going out of business, so they were forced to lay off their employees. The positive side of the termination of employment, new MSMEs are emerging that are engaged in the culinary field. Marketing carried out by MSMEs involves e-commerce. One of the e-commerce companies that consistently makes changes to its features is Shopee. In 2020 Shopee launched a new feature, namely Shopee food. Through this feature, MSMEs can register as sellers. Shopee food offers several conveniences for consumers and sellers. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the role of shopee food e-commerce as a marketing medium for MSMEs during the covid 19 pandemic. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires via google form. X variables in this study are discounts, cash back and shopee pay. While the variable Y is the Purchase Decision. Variable X has a positive influence on purchasing decisions. The result of this research is the most dominant variable is discount. Stores that provide discounts on an ongoing basis will lead to higher consumer buying interest. Keywords: buying decision, discount, cash back, shopee pay.
Inhibitors Element of Bumdes in Promoting Rural Resilience in Indonesia
Authors: Kusmulyono Muhammad Setiawan , Dhewanto Wawan , Famiola Melia 
Published: January 2022

Rural has become a prime headline for Indonesia’s development since the enactment of the Rural Act in 2014. Since the ratification, rural governments in Indonesia have more authority to manage their village economy through the establishment of a village-owned social enterprise (VOSE). In 2019, 45,549 VOSEs were established from the total of 83,931 villages in Indonesia. Unfortunately, although several VOSEs show good performance, most have problems that hamper their growth. This article stems from the researchers’ desire to observe the contribution of entrepreneurial activities in the village to rural resilience. This research applied qualitative research by interviewing rural stakeholders in nine Bumdes. The findings of the study indicate that low commitment from village heads and Bumdes directors, low motivation from Bumdes management, inadequate business knowledge from Bumdes management, rural political dynamics, and fluctuations in community participation are all obstacles to Bumdes’ ability to promote rural resilience. This research demonstrates that in order to attain rural resilience, Bumdes requires a more holistic strategy to promote stakeholder attachment.