bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving stability in two-dimensional transistors with amorphous gate oxides by Fermi-level tuning
Authors: Knobloch Theresia , Uzlu Burkay , Illarionov Yury Yu. , Wang Zhenxing , Otto Martin , Filipovic Lado , Waltl Michael , Neumaier Daniel , Lemme Max C. , Grasser Tibor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectronic devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors suffer from limited electrical stability because charge carriers originating from the semiconductors interact with defects in the surrounding insulators. In field-effect transistors, the resulting trapped charges can lead to large hysteresis and device drifts, particularly when common amorphous gate oxides (such as silicon or hafnium dioxide) are used, hindering stable circuit operation. Here, we show that device stability in graphene-based field-effect transistors with amorphous gate oxides can be improved by Fermi-level tuning. We deliberately tune the Fermi level of the channel to maximize the energy distance between the charge carriers in the channel and the defect bands in the amorphous aluminium gate oxide. Charge trapping is highly sensitive to the energetic alignment of the Fermi level of the channel with the defect band in the insulator, and thus, our approach minimizes the amount of electrically active border traps without the need to reduce the total number of traps in the insulator.
Yellow fever surveillance suggests zoonotic and anthroponotic emergent potential
Authors: Aliaga-Samanez Alisa , Real Raimundo , Segura Marina , Marfil-Daza Carlos , Olivero Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractYellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes among human and non-human primates. In the last decades, infections are occurring in areas that had been free from yellow fever for decades, probably as a consequence of the rapid spread of mosquito vectors, and of the virus evolutionary dynamic in which non-human primates are involved. This research is a pathogeographic assessment of where enzootic cycles, based on primate assemblages, could be amplifying the risk of yellow fever infections, in the context of spatial changes shown by the disease since the late 20th century. In South America, the most relevant spread of disease cases affects parts of the Amazon basin and a wide area of southern Brazil, where forest fragmentation could be activating enzootic cycles next to urban areas. In Africa, yellow fever transmission is apparently spreading from the west of the continent, and primates could be contributing to this in savannas around rainforests. Our results are useful for identifying new areas that should be prioritised for vaccination, and suggest the need of deep yellow fever surveillance in primates of South America and Africa.
Citraconate inhibits ACOD1 (IRG1) catalysis, reduces interferon responses and oxidative stress, and modulates inflammation and cell metabolism
Authors: Chen F. , Elgaher W. A. M. , Winterhoff M. , Büssow K. , Waqas F. H. , Graner E. , Pires-Afonso Y. , Casares Perez L. , de la Vega L. , Sahini N. , Czichon L. , Zobl W. , Zillinger T. , Shehata M. , Pleschka S. , Bähre H. , Falk C. , Michelucci A. , Schuchardt S. , Blankenfeldt W. , Hirsch A. K. H. , Pessler F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of itaconate have been studied extensively, it is not known whether its naturally occurring isomers mesaconate and citraconate have similar properties. Here, we show that itaconate is partially converted to mesaconate intracellularly and that mesaconate accumulation in macrophage activation depends on prior itaconate synthesis. When added to human cells in supraphysiological concentrations, all three isomers reduce lactate levels, whereas itaconate is the strongest succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor. In cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV), all three isomers profoundly alter amino acid metabolism, modulate cytokine/chemokine release and reduce interferon signalling, oxidative stress and the release of viral particles. Of the three isomers, citraconate is the strongest electrophile and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) agonist. Only citraconate inhibits catalysis of itaconate by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), probably by competitive binding to the substrate-binding site. These results reveal mesaconate and citraconate as immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative and antiviral compounds, and citraconate as the first naturally occurring ACOD1 inhibitor.
A 0.7 V R‐2R SAR ladder‐based temperature sensor with less supply sensitivity
Authors: Xie Shuang , Yu Ting , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 0.7 V, R‐2R SAR ladder‐based temperature sensor with less supply sensitivity is presented, intended for Very Large‐Scale Integration thermal management. Its silicided and non‐silicided resistors in the R‐2R ladders serve as both thermal sensing and quantization elements. The only active component it requires is the comparator, which is compatible with low power supply voltage. The post‐layout simulation results show it has an inaccuracy of 0.5°C between –40°C and 125°C for TT, FF and SS corners.
Two modified DFT‐based algorithms for fundamental phasor estimation
Authors: Afrandideh Saeed , Arabshahi Mohammad Reza , Fazeli Seyed Mahdi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a powerful phasor estimation algorithm conventionally used in digital relaying applications. The DFT‐based phasor estimation is usually accompanied by oscillatory error due to the presence of the decaying DC (DDC) components in fault current signals. Accordingly, two modified DFT‐based phasor estimation algorithms are proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithms accurately estimate the exact fundamental phasor by extracting the DDC components using successive outputs of the conventional DFT algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithms is validated by the mathematically generated and PSCAD‐simulated signals and is compared with previous algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms in this paper are more robust than other ones. Moreover, they are applicable in the DFT algorithm with different data windows.
A dual‐stopband FSS using knitted and strong‐coupled structures with excellent angular stability and polarisation insensitivity
Authors: Li Chenchen , Yan Mingbao , Wang Weiyu , Wang Jiafu , Xia Song , Bai Hui , Wang He , Li Songyan , Qin Zhe , Qu Shaobo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel dual‐stopband frequency selective surface (FSS) based on the knitted and strong‐coupled structures is proposed. The proposed FSS works stably at frequencies of 2.51 and 5.06 GHz for both TE and TM mode, even when the incident angles vary from 0° to 75°. The element size and thickness of the proposed structure are λ0/16 and λ0/170, respectively, where λ0 represents the free‐space wavelength. To clarify the operating principle, a general equivalent circuit model (ECM) is developed. A prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and measured. It is demonstrated that the proposed structure has good angular stability, polarisation insensitivity, and independent operation in the dual‐stopband. Importantly, the proposed structure has good prospects for application in dual‐band electromagnetic shielding in complex environments.
Continuous Flow Microreactor Promoted the Catalytic N-Oxidation Reaction of Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Qian Bo , Chen Siyuan , Yang Shanxiu , Wang Hao , Niu Yanning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA simple continuous flow microreactor was successfully constructed for the N-oxidation of pyridine. The continuous flow microreactor used titanium silicalite (TS-1) in a packed-bed microreactor and H2O2 (in methanol as solvent) as the catalytic oxidation system for the formation of various pyridine N-oxides in up to 99% yields. This process is a safer, greener, and more highly efficiency process than using a batch reactor. The device was used for over 800 hours of continuous operation with the catalyst maintaining great activity thus providing great potential for large-scale production.
Posttreatment Imaging of the Knee: Cruciate Ligaments and Menisci
Authors: Heuck Andreas , Woertler Klaus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal surgery are frequently performed for restoration of knee joint stability and function after cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries, and they contribute to the prevention of secondary osteoarthritis. In cruciate ligaments, the most common procedure is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Meniscal surgery most frequently consists of partial meniscectomy and suture repair, rarely of a meniscus transplant. In patients with symptoms following surgery, imaging reevaluation for a suspected intra-articular source of symptoms is indicated and mainly consists of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. For proper imaging assessment of cruciate ligament grafts and the postoperative meniscus, it is crucial to understand the surgical techniques applied, to be familiar with normal posttreatment imaging findings, and to be aware of patterns and specific findings of recurrent lesions and typical complications. This article presents an updated review of the techniques and the imaging of cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscus surgery, recurrent lesions, treatment failure, and potential complications.
Overcoming Challenges to Inclusive User-based Testing of Health Information Technology with Vulnerable Older Adults: Recommendations from a Human Factors Engineering Expert Inquiry
Authors: Peute Linda W. , Wildenbos Gaby-Anne , Engelsma Thomas , Lesselroth Blake J. , Lichtner Valentina , Monkman Helen , Neal David , Van Velsen Lex , Jaspers Monique W. , Marcilly Romaric 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Involving representative users in usability testing of health information technology (HIT) is central to user-centered design. However, (vulnerable) older adults as representative users have unique requirements. Aging processes may affect physical capabilities and cognitive skills, which can hamper testing with this demographic and may require special attention and revised protocols. This study was performed to provide expert-based recommendations for HIT user-testing with (vulnerable) older adults to support inclusive HIT design and evaluation.
Methods: First, we conducted a structured workshop with ten experts in HIT implementation and research, recruited through purposeful sampling, to generate insights into how characteristics of older adults may influence user-testing. Next, five Human Factor researchers experienced in HIT user-testing with (vulnerable) older adults validated the results and provided additional textual insights to gain consensus on the most important recommendations. A thematic analysis was performed on the resulting inquiries. Applied codes were based on the User-Centered Design framework.
Results: The analysis resulted in nine recommendations for user-testing of HIT with older adults, divided into three main themes: (1) empathetic approach and trust-building, (2) new requirements for testing and study design, and (3) adjustments to usability evaluation methods. For each theme a checklist of relevant items to follow-up on the recommendation is provided.
Conclusions: The recommendations generated through expert inquiry contribute to more effective usability testing of HIT with older adults. This provides an important step towards improved accessibility of HIT amongst older adults through inclusive user-centered design.
A scintillator attenuation spectrometer for intense gamma-rays
Authors: Liang E. , Zheng K. Q. , Yao K. , Lo W. , Hasson H. , Zhang A. , Burns M. , Wong W. H. , Zhang Y. , Dashko A. , Quevedo H. , Ditmire T. , Dyer G. 
Published: June 2022

A new type of compact high-resolution high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometer for short-pulse intense gamma-rays (250 keV to 50 MeV) has been developed by combining the principles of scintillators and attenuation spectrometers. The first prototype of this scintillator attenuation spectrometer (SAS) was tested successfully in Trident laser experiments at LANL. Later versions have been used extensively in the Texas Petawatt laser experiments in Austin, TX, and more recently in OMEGA-EP laser experiments at LLE, Rochester, NY. The SAS is particularly useful for high-repetition-rate laser applications. Here, we give a concise description of the design principles, capabilities, and sample preliminary results of the SAS.
Systematic monitoring of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-derived redox signals unveiled its role in attenuating carbon assimilation rate
Authors: Lampl Nardy , Lev Raz , Nissan Idan , Gilad Gal , Hipsch Matanel , Rosenwasser Shilo 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Identifying the intrinsic factors that regulate leaf photosynthetic rate may pave the way toward developing new strategies to enhance carbon assimilation. While the dependence of photosynthesis on the reductive activation of the Calvin–Benson cycle enzymes is well established, the role of oxidative signals in counterbalancing the reductive activity is just beginning to be explored. By developing 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-based genetically encoded biosensors, we demonstrated the induction of photosynthetically derived oxidative signals under habitual light conditions, a phenomenon typically masked by the dominance of the reductive power. Moreover, we unraveled the simultaneous activation of reductive and oxidative signals during photosynthesis induction phase and showed that 2-Cys peroxiredoxin activity attenuates carbon assimilation rates, demonstrating the restrictions imposed on photosynthetic performance by oxidative signals.
Mediation and uptake in manuscript revision
Authors: Shaw Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In line with recent interest in mediation as a widespread phenomenon in multilingual academic publication in English, this paper describes and exemplifies a method of researching production practices that is based on text histories. The evolution of rhetorical patterning in two published articles by established Spanish biomedical authors is used to explore the authors’ writing and how their texts were evaluated by an in-house language editor and later by journal gatekeepers. Semi-structured interviews with the two authors using talk around texts reveals commonalities and differences in author orientations towards mediation from discourse community members (journal gatekeepers) and the language professional (the in-house editor). Textual analysis as exemplified by a single rhetorically significant modification proposed by the language editor to each of the two manuscripts is used to compare the selective engagement of one author with the language editor’s contributions against the extensive reassessment of the other author in response to similar feedback. Discussion highlights the advantages and limitations of the modified text history and genre approach to understanding mediation and author orientations to mediation. Implications for textual mediation practices are discussed.
The dynamics of academic knowledge making in a multilingual world
Authors: Lillis Theresa , Curry Mary Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of ‘text history’ and ‘text trajectory’ constitutes an epistemological break from historically static approaches to the study of academic writing for publication. However, there is a need to further develop dynamic approaches to professional academic text production in ways which are robustly grounded in scholars’ lived practices. The paper briefly reviews the use of ‘text history’ and ‘text trajectory’, signalling their value and some limitations, and offers a heuristic foregrounding the importance of chronotope (Bakhtin, 1981 [1935];Blommaert, 2018), ‘text cluster’, and multi/translingual practice. Drawing on a range of data relating to 12 multilingual scholars in four national sites from the longitudinal study Professional Academic Writing in a Global Context – interviews, observations, curriculum vitae – the paper foregrounds three key chronotopic dimensions in the dynamics of textual academic knowledge making:micro time, specific moments of text production;meso timetrajectories of texts; andmacro time, text production practices over scholars’ life trajectories. The paper challenges the widely repeated and taken-for-granted mantra that English is currently the (only) language of science and academic knowledge production and, as such, seeks to contribute to strategies of ‘delinking’ (Mignolo, 2007) in the field of academic writing studies.
Barrier-discharge source of cold hydrogen atoms in supersonic beams: Stark effect in the 1s–2s transition
Authors: Scheidegger Simon , Schlander David , Agner Josef A , Schmutz Hansjürg , Jansen Paul , Merkt Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An intense source of cold hydrogen atoms in a supersonic beam is presented. H and D atoms are produced from pure samples of H2 and D2 using a barrier discharge near the orifice of a cryogenic pulsed valve. The atoms are entrained in the supersonic expansion of the precursor molecules and cool down to translational temperatures as low as

∼
15

mK. The H-atom density at a distance of 1.2 m from the valve orifice is estimated to be around 108 cm−3. The mean velocity of the supersonic beam containing the H (D) atoms can be adjusted between 2600 and 1200 m s−1 (between 1850 and 820 m s−1). The barrier discharge also produces

H

n

+

and

D

n

+

ions with n ranging from 2 to 8, which can be deflected off the beam by electric fields. The use of this H-atom source in spectroscopic measurements is demonstrated by an investigation of the Stark effect in the 1s–2s two-photon transition of H and D. A near-Fourier-transform-limited pulsed laser generating pulses of UV radiation of adjustable pulse length between 10 and 200 ns near 243 nm is used to record spectra with full resolution of the hyperfine structure in the s states, providing a textbook example of the Stark effect in the simplest set of near-degenerate states of one-electron atoms.
Predicting power–voltage characteristics and mode transitions in the COST reference microplasma jet
Authors: Mouchtouris Sotiris , Kokkoris George , Boudouvis Andreas G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A 2D cross-field plasma fluid model (CFPM) is applied to He and He/O2 discharges in the CΟoperation in Science and Technology (COST) reference microplasma jet to investigate the operating modes, namely α-, α–γ, and γ-mode. The model not only captures the measured spatiotemporal behavior of He excitation to He metastable but also quantitatively predicts measured power–voltage (PV) characteristics for He/O2 discharges; although not addressed by previous studies, this is a prerequisite for the reliability of the model predictions for the critical-for-applications densities of reactive species. Through a comparison to time-averaged emission profiles and allowed by the dimensionality of the CFPM, the localized, close to the outlet of the discharge channel, onset of γ-mode for He discharges is predicted and justified. Τhe sheath boundary is defined by the maximum of the electron density derivative and the model results compare well to measurements of time-averaged sheath width. Criteria for the transition between the operating modes are formulated. It is considered that when the production rate of He metastable in the sheaths reaches 10% of its total production rate, transition from α- to α–γ mode takes place. When this percentage reaches ∼50%, i.e. α- and γ- modes have an almost equal contribution to the discharge, the electron temperature becomes maximum. Finally, the sensitivity of PV characteristics on the secondary electron emission coefficients, condition of the electrode surface, and fabrication or assembly mishits of the COST jet, is investigated.
Critical structure and emergent symmetry of Dirac fermion systems
Authors: Zhou Jiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Emergent symmetry in Dirac system means that the system acquires an enlargement of two basic symmetries at some special critical point. The continuous quantum criticality between the two symmetry broken phases can be described within the framework of Gross–Neveu–Yukawa (GNY) model. Using the first-order ε expansion in

4
−
ϵ

dimensions, we study the critical structure and emergent symmetry of the O(N)-GNY model with N

f
flavors of four-component Dirac fermions coupled strongly to an O(N) scalar field under a small O(N)-symmetry breaking perturbation. After determining the stable fixed point, we calculate the inverse correlation length exponent and the anomalous dimensions (bosonic and fermionic) for general N and N

f
. Further, we discuss the emergent-symmetry and the emergent supersymmetric critical point for

N
⩾
4

on the basis of O(N)-GNY model. It turns out that the O(N)-GNY universality class is physically meaningful if and only if

N
<
2

N
f

+
4

. On this premise, the small O(N)-symmetry breaking perturbation is always irrelevant in the O(N)-GNY universality class. Our studies show that the emergent symmetry in Dirac systems has an upper limit

O
(
2

N
f

+
3
)

, depending on the flavor numbers N

f
. As a result, the emergent-O(4) and O(5) symmetries are possible to be found in Dirac systems with fermion flavor

N
f

=
1

, and the emergent-O(4), O(5), O(6) and O(7) symmetries are expected to be found in the systems with fermion flavor

N
f

=
2

. Our result suggests some richer transitions with emergent-

Z
2

×
O
(
2
)
×
O
(
3
)

symmetry, and so on. Interestingly, in the O(4)-GNY universality class, we find that there is a new supersymmetric critical point which is expected to be found in Dirac systems with fermion flavor

N
f

=
1

.
Surface nanopatterning by ion beam irradiation: compositional effects
Authors: Vázquez L , Redondo-Cubero A , Lorenz K , Palomares F J , Cuerno R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Surface nanopatterning induced by ion beam irradiation (IBI) has emerged as an effective nanostructuring technique since it induces patterns on large areas of a wide variety of materials, in short time, and at low cost. Nowadays, two main subfields can be distinguished within IBI nanopatterning depending on the irrelevant or relevant role played by the surface composition. In this review, we give an up-dated account of the progress reached when surface composition plays a relevant role, with a main focus on IBI surface patterning with simultaneous co-deposition of foreign atoms. In addition, we also review the advances in IBI of compound surfaces as well as IBI systems where the ion employed is not a noble gas species. In particular, for the IBI with concurrent metal co-deposition, we detail the chronological evolution of these studies because it helps us to clarify some contradictory early reports. We describe the main patterns obtained with this technique as a function of the foreign atom deposition pathway, also focusing in those systematic studies that have contributed to identify the main mechanisms leading to the surface pattern formation and development. Likewise, we explain the main theoretical models aimed at describing these nanopattern formation processes. Finally, we address two main special features of the patterns induced by this technique, namely, the enhanced pattern ordering and the possibility to produce both morphological and chemical patterns.