bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed H. , Degner Daniel A. , Stanley Bryden J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum.Study designExperimental anatomic study.AnimalsIntact male canine cadavers (n = 10).MethodsBarium sulfate was injected into the internal iliac artery (n = 7) or into the pudendoepigastric trunk (n = 3). The perineal, scrotal, and prescrotal skin was sharply dissected from cadavers and radiographed. Angiograms were subjectively reviewed by 3 investigators.ResultsAngiograms were completed successfully in all 10 dogs, with no difference between frozen and fresh cadavers. The dominant blood supply to the scrotum was consistently identified as arising from the ventral perineal arteries, originating from the internal pudendal arteries, coursing ventrally and cranially toward the caudal scrotum before terminating as the dorsal scrotal arteries (n = 7). The blood supply to the cranial scrotum was more limited (n = 3) as only the cranial border of the scrotum was perfused by the ventral scrotal arteries.ConclusionBased on this anatomic perfusion study, the dorsal scrotal arteries appear to supply a larger area than the ventral scrotal arteries.Clinical significanceThese results provide evidence to justify further consideration of a scrotal flap using the caudal perineal skin as the main cutaneous pedicle to reconstruct defects located on the caudal, medial, and lateral thighs in dogs. Such a flap should be based on the caudal blood supply and the base of this flap should be located caudal to the scrotum to preserve its main blood supply.
Medical‐surgical nurses' EBP beliefs and competencies
Authors: Yoder Linda H. , Cengiz Adem , Hinkley Terri , Hertel Robin A. , Gallagher‐Ford Lynn , Koshy Thomas Bindu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of evidence‐based practice (EBP) knowledge and inability to implement EBP among nurses is a major barrier to quality nursing care. The literature shows that nurses highly value the use of EBP, however, they lack necessary EBP competencies. Although medical‐surgical nurses were included in studies examining cross‐sections of the nursing workforce, no studies exist specifically investigating their EBP beliefs and EBP competencies.AimsThe purpose of this study was to describe medical‐surgical nurses’ self‐reported EBP beliefs and competencies.MethodA descriptive, cross‐sectional design employing survey methodology was used.ResultsA total of 1,709 medical‐surgical nurses participated for a response rate of 13%. The findings revealed that medical‐surgical nurses had positive beliefs about EBP. However, they rated themselves competent in only 2 EBP competencies of 24. Medical‐surgical nurses working in units or organizations that had a special designation such as Academy of Medical‐Surgical Nurses Premier Recognition in the Specialty of Med‐Surg (AMSN PRISM; p = .001) or Pathway to Excellence (p = .006) reported greater EBP competency scores. Also, nurses educated at the master's level or higher had better EBP competency scores (p < .0001).Linking Evidence to ActionMedical‐surgical nurses need support at the personal and organizational levels to improve their EBP competence and increase uptake of EBP in their practice. Therefore, individual nurses must reflect on their EBP competence level and pursue opportunities to develop these essential attributes. Leaders must also create practice environments where EBP is valued, and barriers to EBP implementation are eliminated. Faculty in prelicensure and graduate programs should integrate EBP into their curricula and assess students’ EBP competencies.
Zoonotic bacteria in clinically healthy goats in petting zoo settings of zoological gardens in Germany
Authors: Göttling Jannis , Heckel Jens‐Ove , Hotzel Helmut , Fruth Angelika , Pfeifer Yvonne , Henning Klaus , Kopp Peter , Mertens‐Scholz Katja , Rietschel Wolfram , Pfeffer Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGoats and other small ruminants are frequently used as contact animals in petting zoo settings of zoological gardens. However, they are capable to carry a broad spectrum of zoonotic pathogens without clinical signs. In this study, we analysed the presence of different zoonotic pathogens in 300 clinically healthy goats from 14 zoological gardens in Germany. Rectal and nasal swabs were investigated with a series of cultural and molecular techniques. In addition, vaginal swabs of the 230 female goats were investigated for the presence of Coxiella burnetii by real‐time PCR. Antibodies against C. burnetii were tested in milk and serum by ELISA. Campylobacter spp. were found in 22.7%, Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli in 20.0% and Arcobacter spp. were found in 1.7% of the tested 300 goats after culture from rectal swabs and subsequent PCR. One sample contained an Escherichia fergusonii isolate with a blaCTX‐M‐1‐encoded extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase phenotype. Neither Yersinia spp. nor Salmonella spp. were found. Nasal swabs of 20.7% of the goats yielded Staphylococcus aureus including one mecC‐positive methicillin‐resistant isolate. Neither Yersinia spp. nor Salmonella spp. were found, and none of the 230 vaginal swabs was positive for C. burnetii. Attempts to detect dermatophytes failed. In conclusion, a possible risk of transmission of zoonotic bacteria from goats in petting zoos to visitors should be considered. Appropriate information and facilities for hand washing and disinfection should be provided in all zoological gardens using goats as contact animals due to the regular presence of zoonotic bacteria in the collection.
An Active Flow Control Approach for Spatially Growing Mixing Layer
Authors: Kaul Upender K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A control approach is proposed in this study that controls the growth of a spatially growing mixing layer in an open loop. Due to the similarity of the mixing layer dynamics in the temporal and spatial domains, the control is exercised in the temporal domain that leads to optimization of the layer in the spatial domain. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control in the temporal domain uses Navier–Stokes equations as the plant model. Apart from being prohibitively expensive, control in the spatial domain presents convective time delay problems. These barriers are circumvented by solving the control problem in the temporal domain very rapidly, based on a given set point in the linear regime. Once the set point in the temporal domain is reached, the corresponding initial conditions in the temporal domain are mapped to inflow boundary conditions in the spatial domain. With these mapped inflow boundary conditions in the spatial domain, the spatial development of the mixing layer is followed, which confirms the efficacy of control in the spatial domain. The present control methodology offers a new paradigm for control of the spatially growing mixing layer.
Making the Urban Sky View Factor With Numerical Models Consistent With Radiation Heat Transfer Theory
Authors: Rehman N. U. , Anderson T. N. , Nates R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a method for removing the inconsistency between the numerical models used for determining the sky view factor (SVF) in an urban environment and fundamental radiation heat transfer theory. For this purpose, a transformation of the coordinate system from global to surface was developed, which corrected the measurement of the angular coordinates of the elements in the discretized sky vault. The transformation was deployed in a published numerical model and was validated in a non-urban environment with a widely used analytical expression for the SVF, with which it was found to be in excellent agreement. The method was subsequently applied to an urban scenario, and the results were compared with the original numerical model. The proposed method provides a better determination of the SVF as a function of the surface azimuth and tilt angle.
Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance of Multiple Triangular Air Flow Passages in Parallel With Inclined Fins for Flat Plate Solar Air Heater
Authors: Karwa Rajendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents results of a study of heat transfer performance of multiple equilateral triangular parallel air flow passages below a uniformly heated flat plate having inclined fins of different thickness, length, and material covering a part of the side walls of the duct for transition to early turbulent regimes using appropriate experimental heat transfer coefficient and friction factor correlations from the literature. The heat transfer performance enhancement at equal pumping power has been measured in terms of a performance parameter (hA/hsAs), where hA is the product of heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer area for the finned triangular duct, and hsAs is the product for the triangular duct with heated flat plate without fins and adiabatic side walls. The values of the performance parameter for steel fins integral with the heated plate are found to be 1.71–1.78 for 1.0 mm thick fins of 15 mm length and 1.94–2.04 for 1.5 mm thick fins of 20 mm length. For aluminum fins, the performance parameter is 2.36–2.54 for 30 mm long fins of 1–1.5 mm thickness. The results of the presented novel scheme of the finned heated plate can be utilized for the development of enhanced performance solar air heater with the finned absorber plate. Since the presented scheme enhances heat transfer without increased pumping power penalty, the existing smooth rectangular duct solar collectors can be modified for enhanced performance.
Characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults aged 50 years and above in England (8 December 2020–17 May 2021): a population-level observational study
Authors: Tessier Elise , Rai Yuma , Clarke Eleanor , Lakhani Anissa , Tsang Camille , Makwana Ashley , Heard Heather , Rickeard Tim , Lakhani Shreya , Roy Partho , Edelstein Michael , Ramsay Mary , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , White Joanne , Andrews Nick , Campbell Colin N J , Stowe Julia 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine coverage among individuals aged 50 years and above in England since the beginning of the programme.DesignObservational cross-sectional study assessed by logistic regression and mean prevalence margins.SettingCOVID-19 vaccinations delivered in England from 8 December 2020 to 17 May 2021.Participants30 624 257/61 967 781 (49.4%) and 17 360 045/61 967 781 (28.1%) individuals in England were recorded as vaccinated in the National Immunisation Management System with a first dose and a second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, respectively.InterventionsVaccination status with COVID-19 vaccinations.Main outcome measuresProportion, adjusted ORs and mean prevalence margins for individuals not vaccinated with dose 1 among those aged 50–69 years and dose 1 and 2 among those aged 70 years and above.ResultsOf individuals aged 50 years and above, black/African/Caribbean ethnic group was the least likely of all ethnic groups to be vaccinated with dose 1 of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, of those aged 70 years and above, the odds of not having dose 2 was 5.53 (95% CI 5.42 to 5.63) and 5.36 (95% CI 5.29 to 5.43) greater among Pakistani and black/African/Caribbean compared with white British ethnicity, respectively. The odds of not receiving dose 2 was 1.18 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.20) higher among individuals who lived in a care home compared with those who did not. This was the opposite to that observed for dose 1, where the odds of being unvaccinated was significantly higher among those not living in a care home (0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91)).ConclusionsWe found that there are characteristics associated with low COVID-19 vaccine coverage. Inequalities, such as ethnicity are a major contributor to suboptimal coverage and tailored interventions are required to improve coverage and protect the population from SARS-CoV-2.
Adherence to UNRWA’s anaemia treatment guidelines in the Jerash Camp Health Centre, Jordan: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Harada Yuriko , Kishk Nada Abu , Hajat Shakoor , Akita Mio , Horino Masako , Albaik Shatha , Naqera Khalil Abu , Hababeh Majed , Habash Rami , Seita Akihiro 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides primary healthcare to 2.2 million Palestinian refugees in Jordan. This study aimed to measure patient and doctor adherence to the UNRWA guidelines for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in moderate to severe anaemia children, defined as haemoglobin (Hb) level <10.0 g/L.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective observational study was conducted by analysing the electronic health records of 717 children (353 boys and 364 girls) children aged 12 months old in 2018 in the Jerash Camp Health Centre, Jordan.OutcomePatient adherence to the UNRWA guidelines was calculated by the proportion of health centre visits and doctor adherence by the proportions of Hb tests and iron supplementation among moderate to severe anaemia children at screening, first, second and third follow-up visits, respectively using STATA.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to severe anaemia was 15.6% among 12-month-old children. After 1 month of iron supplementation, 83.7% of anaemic children improved their Hb status: mean±SD from 9.1±0.6 g/L to 10.1±1.0 g/L. Patient and doctor adherence to the UNRWA guidelines was above 80% at the screening visit but progressively decreased at follow-up visits, especially patient adherence at the third follow-up visit of 34.4%. The analysis revealed unnecessary health centre visits and iron supplementation being given to mildly anaemic children (Hb level=10.0 g/L–10.9 g/L). Additionally, children visited the health centre at an age significantly later compared with that recommended by the UNRWA guidelines for the screening, first and second follow-up visits (p-value<0.05).ConclusionAdherence to the UNRWA guidelines was above 80% at screening but much lower at follow-up visits. Urgent action is needed to improve adherence at follow-up visits and to minimise any unnecessary health centre visits and iron supplementation to mildly anaemic children.
Efficacy and safety of autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction in patients with thin endometrium: a protocol for a single-centre, longitudinal, prospective self-control study
Authors: Yang Shuo , Liu Fen-Ting , Peng Tian-Liu , Yu Yang , Li Rong 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionEndometrial thickness is an important parameter to evaluate endometrial receptivity. An appropriate endometrial thickness is necessary for both embryo implantation and maintaining normal pregnancy. Women with thin endometrium are one of the critical challenges in the clinic, and current therapeutic strategies for thin endometrium remain suboptimal. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue contains a variety of cells, mainly adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and adipose cells. Recently, adipose tissue-derived SVF showed tremendous potential for treating thin endometrium due to its capacity to repair and regenerate tissues. The application of SVF in animal models for treating thin endometrium has been investigated. However, limited evidence has demonstrated the efficacy and safety of autologous SVF in patients with thin endometrium.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-centre, longitudinal, prospective self-control study to investigate the preliminary efficacy and safety of autologous SVF in improving the pregnancy outcome of infertile patients with thin endometrium. Thirty patients diagnosed with thin endometrium will be recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The SVF suspension will be transferred into the uterine cavity via an embryo transfer catheter. Then, comparisons between pretreatment and post-treatment will be analysed, and the outcomes, including endometrial thickness, menstrual volume and duration, frequency and severity of adverse events and early pregnancy outcomes, will be measured within a 3-month follow-up, while late pregnancy outcomes and their offspring will be followed up via telephone for 2 years. The proportion of patients with improved symptoms will be calculated and compared.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (reference number: REC2020-165). Written informed consent will be provided for patients before being included. The results will be presented at academic conferences and a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000035126.
Consolidation of the clinical and genetic definition of aSOX4-related neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Angelozzi Marco , Karvande Anirudha , Molin Arnaud N , Ritter Alyssa L , Leonard Jacqueline M M , Savatt Juliann M , Douglass Kristen , Myers Scott M , Grippa Mina , Tolchin Dara , Zackai Elaine , Donoghue Sarah , Hurst Anna C E , Descartes Maria , Smith Kirstin , Velasco Danita , Schmanski Andrew , Crunk Amy , Tokita Mari J , de Lange Iris M , van Gassen Koen , Robinson Hannah , Guegan Katie , Suri Mohnish , Patel Chirag , Bournez Marie , Faivre Laurence , Tran-Mau-Them Frédéric , Baker Janice , Fabie Noelle , Weaver K , Shillington Amelle , Hopkin Robert J , Barge-Schaapveld Daniela Q C.M , Ruivenkamp Claudia AL , Bökenkamp Regina , Vergano Samantha , Seco Moro Maria Noelia , Díaz de Bustamante Aranzazu , Misra Vinod K , Kennelly Kelly , Rogers Caleb , Friedman Jennifer , Wigby Kristen M , Lenberg Jerica , Graziano Claudio , Ahrens-Nicklas Rebecca C , Lefebvre Veronique 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA neurodevelopmental syndrome was recently reported in four patients withSOX4heterozygous missense variants in the high-mobility-group (HMG) DNA-binding domain. The present study aimed to consolidate clinical and genetic knowledge of this syndrome.MethodsWe newly identified 17 patients withSOX4variants, predicted variant pathogenicity using in silico tests and in vitro functional assays and analysed the patients’ phenotypes.ResultsAll variants were novel, distinct and heterozygous. Seven HMG-domain missense and five stop-gain variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant (L/PV) as they precluded SOX4 transcriptional activity in vitro. Five HMG-domain and non-HMG-domain missense variants were classified as of uncertain significance (VUS) due to negative results from functional tests. When known, inheritance was de novo or from a mosaic unaffected or non-mosaic affected parent for patients with L/PV, and from a non-mosaic asymptomatic or affected parent for patients with VUS. All patients had neurodevelopmental, neurological and dysmorphic features, and at least one cardiovascular, ophthalmological, musculoskeletal or other somatic anomaly. Patients with L/PV were overall more affected than patients with VUS. They resembled patients with other neurodevelopmental diseases, including theSOX11-related and Coffin-Siris (CSS) syndromes, but lacked the most specific features of CSS.ConclusionThese findings consolidate evidence of a fairly non-specific neurodevelopmental syndrome due toSOX4haploinsufficiency in neurogenesis and multiple other developmental processes.
Association of TNF-Alpha, MBL2, NOS2, and G6PD with Malaria Outcomes in People in Southern Ghana
Authors: Futagbi Godfred , Otu Paulina S , Abdul-Rahman Mubarak , Aidoo Ebenezer K , Lo Aminata C , Gyan Ben A , Afrane Yaw A , Amoah Linda E 
Published: March 2022

Background. One major issue that has set back the gains of the numerous malaria control interventions that national malaria control programs have implemented is asymptomatic malaria. Certain host genetic factors are known to influence symptomatic malaria; however, not much is known about how host genetics influences the acquisition of asymptomatic malaria. Methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood collected from 60 symptomatic and 149 nonfebrile (asymptomatic, N = 109, and uninfected, N = 40) volunteers aged between 2 and 69 years from a high (Obom) and a low (Asutsuare) malaria transmission setting in Southern Ghana. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to determine polymorphisms at the MBL2 54, TNF-α 308, NOS2 954, and G6PD 202/376 gene loci. Results. Polymorphisms at the MBL2 54 and TNF-α 308 loci were significantly different amongst the three categories of volunteers in both Asutsuare (p = 0.006) and Obom

p
=
0.05

. In Asutsuare, a low malaria transmission area, the allele G has significantly higher odds (3.15) of supporting asymptomatic malaria as against symptomatic malaria. There were significantly higher odds of TNF-α genotype GA being associated with symptomatic malaria as against asymptomatic malaria in both sites, Obom

p
=
0.027

and Asutsuare

p
=
0.027

. The allele B of the G6PD gene was more prevalent in symptomatic rather than asymptomatic parasite-infected individuals in both Obom

p
=
0.001

and Asutsuare

p
=
0.003

. Conclusion. Individuals in Southern Ghana carrying the TNF-α 308 GA genotype are more likely to exhibit symptoms of malaria when infected with the malaria parasite as opposed to harboring an asymptomatic infection. Also, the B allele of the G6PD gene is likely to prevent a P. falciparum-infected person from exhibiting symptoms and thereby promote asymptomatic parasite carriage.
Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sheriff Faheem , Xu Haolin , Maud Alberto , Gupta Vikas , Vellipuram Anantha , Fonarow Gregg C. , Matsouaka Roland A. , Xian Ying , Reeves Mathew , Smith Eric E. , Saver Jeffrey , Rodriguez Gustavo , Cruz‐Flores Salvador , Schwamm Lee H. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Endovascular therapy (EVT) use increased following clinical trials publication in 2015, but limited data suggest there may be persistent race and ethnicity differences.

Methods and Results
We included all patients with acute ischemic stroke arriving within 6 hours of last known well and with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥6 between April 2012 and June 2019 in the Get With The Guidelines‐Stroke database and evaluated the association between race and ethnicity and EVT use and outcomes, comparing the era before versus after 2015. Of 302 965 potentially eligible patients; 42 422 (14%) underwent EVT. Although EVT use increased over time in all racial and ethnic groups, Black patients had reduced odds of EVT use compared with non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] before 2015, 0.68 [0.58‒0.78]; aOR after 2015, 0.83 [0.76‒0.90]). In‐hospital mortality/discharge to hospice was less frequent in Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients compared with NHW. Conversely discharge home was more frequent in Hispanic (29.7%; aOR, 1.28 [1.16‒1.42]), Asian (28.2%; aOR, 1.23 [1.05‒1.44]), and Black (29.1%; aOR, 1.08 [1.00‒1.18]) patients compared with NHW (24%). However, at 3 months, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) occurred less frequently in Black (37.5%; aOR, 0.84 [0.75‒0.95]) and Asian (33%; aOR, 0.79 [0.65‒0.98]) patients compared with NHW patients (38.1%).

Conclusions
In a large cohort of patients treated with EVT, Black versus NHW patient disparities in EVT use have narrowed over time but still exist. Discharge related outcomes were slightly more favorable in racial and ethnic underrepresented groups; 3‐month functional outcomes were worse but improved across all groups with time.