bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On rational nature management and environmental policy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Letyagina E A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article presents the results of the study of problems of rational nature management and state environmental policy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The study defines the concept of “rational nature management”, characterizes and analyzes in detail all the constituent elements of rational nature management, reflecting the essential content of this phenomenon and determining the relationship of its elements and their essence. Moreover, the issues of the implementation of each element in practice in the territory of the Russian Federation are analyzed, the problems of functioning of all the elements are presented, and the ways of solving these problems are indicated. The paper also provides a brief description of the features of the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a region of the Russian Federation. Additionally, it analyzes in temporal dynamics the data on the influence of various spheres of economic activity of the Krasnoyarsk territory on the surrounding natural ecosystem, allowing to identify the main economic areas that require introduction of technologies for rational nature management, resource-saving technologies and environmental measures. Moreover, the study outlines the prospects for further development of the policy of rational nature management and protection of the environment and natural riches (resources).
Development of a methodology for calculating the integral toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine running on alternative fuels
Authors: Lopatin O P , Likhanov V A , Belov A A , Vasiliev A O , Alekseev E P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Currently, most methods for assessing the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases (EG) of diesel internal combustion engines (DICE) differ in research programs that simulate the most significant operating modes of a tractor or motor vehicle DICE in ordinary operating conditions. And to assess their toxicity, such different methods are used as a study under steady-state operating modes that ensure the constancy of the performance of a DICE, and its study under changing parameters in transient modes. DICE of tractors, self-propelled agricultural machines and other off-road equipment are tested at a stand equipped with a loading device and measuring instruments for monitoring tests and collecting data necessary for processing test results. Emissions are determined during the sequential operation of the DICE at steady-state modes. Each mode has its own weighting coefficient, which characterizes the contribution of this mode to environmental pollution during the operation of a DICE.
Dynamics of crop production and rational use of agricultural lands
Authors: Belous N M , Vaskin V F , Kuzmitskaya A A , Kubyshkin A V , Schmidt Yu I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the dynamics, structure of crop production, development trends, issues of rational and efficient use of agricultural land, problems of the industry. The main indicators of the development of the plant growing industry, the efficiency of the use of arable land, the productivity of the main agricultural crops for the period from 1990 to 2020 have been studied. The main problems facing the industry are outlined.
The influence of modern means of protection of grain crops on the potential yield in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Kozulina N S , Bobrovskiy A V , Vasilenko A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the experience results of studying protection means of spring wheat crops. The experiment was carried out at the stationary “Minino” of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, located in the forest-steppe zone. The study results showed that the use of the seed treater VialTrust influenced improvement of spring wheat sowing material of, reducing overall clogging of the sown seeds. The use of a herbicides tank mixture Eraser Top and Ballerina Super successfully destroyed weeds in sowing, the protection effect was 100.0%. The effect of protection against the use of the fungicide Kolosal PRO was 89.2%. The studied protection scheme made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat - a significant increase of 6.1 c/ha or 22.7% was obtained in comparison with the control.
Research of the movement of raw cotton and heavy impurities in the working chamber of pneumatic transport of a new design
Authors: Sidikov Akbarhon , Khusanov Sadi , Kambarov Elmurod , Abdujalilov Durbek , Sarimsakov Olimjon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Technology of cotton primary processing provides for the cleaning of cotton from weed impurities of two types, i.e. from small (less than 10 mm) and large (over 10 mm) impurities. Nevertheless, cleaning the cotton in these cleaners from heavy, especially solid impurities, regardless of their size is impossible because of the cleaning processes take place in an impact mode, and such impurities upon impacts cause breaking and deformation of the working members of machines, as well as the revival of sparks causing fire phenomena. Therefore, the fall of solid impurities into the chambers of the cleaners and subsequent technological machines is not allowed, which is ensured by the use of linear cleaners, i.e. traps of heavy impurities as part of pneumatic conveying installations. Device for separating heavy cotton blends is installed in the pneumatic conveying system of the cotton plant. This article covers the movement of cotton feathers, as well as patterns in the working chamber of a new type of stone trap based on theoretical solutions.
General theory of ensuring environmental safety: state and directions for improvement
Authors: Dmitrieva I A , Mileshko L P , Prokof’eva E V , Ivanova N A , Rakitina M S , Rudina S E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Progress in maintaining the ecological balance at the global, regional and local levels of human activity is inextricably linked with the continuous improvement of the general theory of environmental safety. The authors believe that new successes in further research can be expected in the use of the provisions of environmental safety in the economic sphere. It was also noted that the possibilities of the culturological approach make it possible to make a great contribution to ensuring environmental safety in various fields.
Efficient use of secondary energy resources at an organic synthesis enterprise by the method of energy-technological combination
Authors: Bronskaya V V , Balzamov D S , Yu Balzamova E , Kamalova G I , Ignashina T V , Garifullina E V , Kharitonova O S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Organic synthesis enterprises are characterized by multi-stage technological processes and large volumes of production of various products, the production of which is associated with a huge consumption of energy resources. First of all, the technological processes of such enterprises are associated with the conversion and consumption of water vapor and electric energy, which are transformed from external sources. Currently, there is a tendency in the energy industry to replace outdated capacities with new ones by the installation of efficient combined cycle power units, the construction of which is costly both financially and resource-wise, requiring the involvement of highly qualified personnel. All this leads to an increase in energy tariffs, which affects the financial performance of large consumers, including organic synthesis enterprises, whose technological processes are associated with the formation of secondary energy resources in the form of water steam, flue gases, combustion gases, hot water. This article offers a variant of the useful use of water steam for technological processes and the generation of electrical energy for the own needs of the enterprise.
Calculation of the main characteristics of polymer branching taking into account the exchange of activity between polymerization centres
Authors: Bronskaya V V , Garifullina E V , Ignashina T V , Aminova G A , Manuyko G V , Kharitonova O S , Balzamov D S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The calculation of the main characteristics of the branching of the polymer is presented in the article using the example of polymerization of butadiene in the presence of an organolithium catalytic system modified with polyfunctional sodium and magnesium alcoholates. The addition of a modifier to the catalytic system leads to the participation in the polymerization of at least two types of active centers, which is the reason for some branching of macromolecules. The complemented mathematical model of the periodic process, taking into account the exchange of activity between the two centers, allows to calculate the main characteristics of branching.
Models of technogenic pollution by dust and gas components at protection facilities
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Samofalova A S , Sazonova S A , Kulneva V V , Popova N S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The negative impact of the open method development of mining and processing enterprises of the Kursk magnetic anomaly on the environment is considered. The volume of unorganized emissions of dust and harmful gases into the atmosphere during blasting operations at the Lebedinsky GOK quarry is calculated. When processing the results of the experiment, the article used the “STATISTIKA” software package. Calculations of concentrations of harmful substances at the time of blasting showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Industrial general technical preventive measures aimed at reducing the emission of dust particles during serial explosions of iron-containing rocks at the facility are recommended. An engineering and technical solution has been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant. The method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is applied. Aqueous solutions with an anion active substance based on triethanolamine salts are recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.
Tectonic factors of the chemical compound’s composition of plains’ groundwater
Authors: Budarina V A , Kosinova I I , Lependin D G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tectonic factors within the platform areas determine the features of the near-surface part of the lithosphere, including groundwater. The pattern of tectonic disturbances affects both the features of the occurrence of aquifers and their hydrogeochemical composition. The purpose of this work is to determine the sources of boron intake into the groundwater of some districts of the Lipetsk region. The assessment of these processes was carried out by us using remote sensing and hydrogeological studies of a number of areas of the Eastern European Platform. Increased concentrations of boron in groundwater confined to neotectonic structures, including the valley of the Don River flowing through the Losev seam zone separating the Central Russian Upland and the Oka-Don lowland, were revealed. The increased boron contents (more than 0.5 mg/dm3) are confined to underground aquifers of Devonian age. It is revealed that these concentrations are mainly characteristic of structures of a negative sign. Deep tectonic processes are designated as the main source of boron intake.
Evaluation of the working process of the grain disinfection line
Authors: Yu Bulatov S , Nechaev V N , Sergeev A G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the work of the line for the disinfection of grain crops before feeding them. Tests of the laboratory installation were carried out at the plant of the organization “ASR Region” LLC, located in the city of Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod region. Barley grain was used as a raw material. The operation of the plant was evaluated according to the following criteria: total power consumption, specific power consumption, grain moisture at the outlet of the air conditioner, grain temperature at the outlet of the air conditioner, the content of mold and yeast, the number of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms in the grain after its heat treatment. The results of the experiment showed the possibility of using the developed installation for the disinfection of grain before feeding it to farm animals. Regression models are obtained to describe optimization criteria for grain disinfection at the developed plant. Shortcomings in the operation of the installation are identified and measures to eliminate them are proposed.
Technological and design principles of grain quality improvement, taking into account natural and climatic conditions
Authors: Maslov G G , Yudina E M , Rinas N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The new and known technological and design principles for improving the grain quality of wheat vigorous varieties, have been substantiated. The proposed seven technological principles show the features of the use of new wheat varieties and their cultivation according to the best forecrops in the natural climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the features of seed preparation for sowing, soil cultivation, plant protection, and the application of fertilizers and the organization of harvesting. In the block of four design features, new technical solutions are proposed for the design of ejection-slot sprayers for seed treaters and spraying devices, the advantages of multifunctional machine units in wheat cultivation technology are substantiated, a design and technological scheme of a grain-harvester separator, modernized for cleaning the combed heap, the advantages of wheat harvesting technology with a harvester, combing growing crops, are presented in comparison with traditional technology. The possibility of increasing the wheat grain quality of a vigorous variety “Olkhon” from the 3rd to the 2nd class, due to harvesting with rotary separators, post-harvest grain ripening and sorting by pneumatic separators (PSM) and sieves with oblong holes, has been proven. The work has been performed at the Kuban State Agrarian University in 2015-2020. The purpose of the article is to justify new technological and constructive principles for improving the wheat grain quality.
Improving the reliability of the hammer grain crusher by optimal design of the paddle wheel
Authors: Dorodov P V , Kasatkin V V , Petrov V A , Kasatkina N Y , Lebedev L Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Now in agricultural production there are significant changes in the fleet of equipment due to the renewal of the material and technical base with improved parameters for quality, reliability, durability and operability in difficult operating conditions. However, the manufacturing industry still has a large number of outdated equipment that requires modernization through optimal design of machine components and parts. So, in the process of feed preparation, closed-type grain crushers are widely used, working on the principle of suction of the source material and injection of the finished product. This type of crushers undergoes significant abrasive wear of working bodies (drums, hammers, sieves, etc.) due to their suboptimal geometric shape of transition surfaces, where local stresses accumulate, as well as in areas of contact of parts with particles of gas-dispersed material. The blades of the drum wheel are subjected to particularly severe wear, for the restoration of which significant material costs are required during major repairs. The paper presents theoretical studies of contact stresses during wear of working surfaces, a criterion and condition for the optimal position of the blade are proposed. The optimal position of the blade has been determined - it must be positioned at an angle of 10 ° to the axis of the drum wheel. The results of field tests of the upgraded crusher allow us to conclude that the reliability indicators (durability of the blade drum and reliability of the crusher) increase by more than 3 times.
Generating a computational grid when modeling the intake system of a tractor diesel engine to reduce the impact on the environment
Authors: Zholobov L A , Pasin A V , Novozhilov A I , Korobkov M P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The processes in the intake system of agricultural tractor diesel internal combustion engines (TDICE) have a spatial and non-stationary character, accompanied by heat exchange and energy dissipation. The complex configuration of the exhaust system elements, which is also determined by the existing dimensional restrictions, leads to the fact that it is not possible to talk about any orderly flow in these areas. Due to such a complex nature, a detailed study of the flow parameters even for one modification of the exhaust system on a working TDICE is associated with significant time and money. If we take into account that in order to reduce the environmental impact, it is necessary to find a more optimal form, and for this it is necessary to test several different configurations of intake systems, then it becomes clear that researchers want to simplify the task in some way in order to obtain a positive effect by spending less money and time. And here it becomes indispensable to use physical models that more or less correspond to the parameters of the intake systems of the prototype TDICE.
Polymer materials in concrete technology
Authors: Schepochkina Yu A , Orekhovskaya A A , Sokolova V A , Malikov V N , Lopareva S G , Loparev D V , Klyosov D N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Possible directions of rational use of polymer materials in cement concrete technology are proposed. Introduction of crushed plastics into the concrete mixture in an amount of 0.5-2 wt. % helps to increase the strength of concrete during bending and compression. As a water-retaining polymer additive for cement composites, it is proposed to use sodium polyacrylate, and such an additive should be pre-prepared by holding the granules in water until swelling, followed by grinding. The use of styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate monomers as impregnating materials for concrete is considered. Monomers must be applied to the concrete surface together with 2% of the initiating system “benzoyl – dimethylaniline peroxide” (1:0.5). Benzoyl peroxide in this system acts as an initiator, and dimethylaniline is an accelerator for the decay of the initiator into free radicals. The specified maintenance of the initiating system ensures the completeness of the transformation and high strength of the polymer.
Environmental problems of small rivers in the Volga and Dneprovsky basin in the territory of the Kaluga region
Authors: Lykov I N , Melenchuk V I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the geoecological problems of small rivers of the Volga and Dnieper basins in the Kaluga region. The analysis of water resources of the Kaluga region is given. It is shown that intensive use of river runoff, transformation of natural landscapes, agromelioration and urbanization, anthropogenic and technogenic load have led to a violation of the hydrological regime of small rivers. This led to a change in the intra-annual distribution of runoff on the territory of the Kaluga Region and neighboring regions, stimulated the progressive process of shallowing and disappearance of small rivers as a result of violation of natural flow-forming complexes. Heavy damage to small rivers, which are very sensitive to pollution, is caused by storm drains, which are often comparable to urban sewage
Assessment of energy efficiency of units for preparation of liquid feed mixtures of continuous and batch action
Authors: Solonshickov P N , Luchnikov A N , Tolstoukhova I A , Kuznetsovsky D V , Rotar P V , Lipovtsev A A , Chervotkin K A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers the problem of assessing the energy efficiency of installations for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures of continuous and batch action. The lowest total energy consumption for the unit, productivity, allowing to work under changing conditions at a necessary mode; the best quality of mixing and dissolution, determined by a stable state of the mixture; free access to the working bodies of the unit for its quick cleaning, washing and troubleshooting; the minimum dimensions and weight and the lowest energy consumption for the drive of the unit are determined.
Analysis of the impact of anthropogenic transformation of organisms on the homeostasis of ecosystems
Authors: Lomskov M A , Pimenov N V , Ivannikova R F , Selina M V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article, the authors, based on their own practical observations and research, as well as previously formulated theoretical generalizations, discuss a set of problems related to the issues of animal cultivation in modern conditions of anthropogenic changes in the biosphere. Unfortunately, at present, the theoretical provisions of biological science related to the transformation of the environment and organisms by humans are relatively poorly developed and require further study. First of all, such knowledge is necessary for the development of rationally justified ways of exploiting the resources of the animal world, for example, when working with domesticated organisms and when breeding wild organisms, in particular, in order to restore the number of individuals of certain small species.
Assessment of the biota condition of the Specially Protected Natural Territory “Sosnovaya Rosha” in the vicinity of a multi-lane road under construction
Authors: Turmukhametova N V , Bedova P V , Vorobeva I G , Drobot V I , Zabiyakin V A , Ryzhova L V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of a reconnaissance assessment of the state of biota in the area of the highway of Specially Protected Natural Territory “Sosnovaya Rosha” under construction in the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Republic of Mari El, Russia). The studied plant communities, especially mixed forests, in the forest park are characterized by a rather considerable diversity. A decrease in vitality was recorded in coniferous trees caused by low-quality drainage works. Assessment of environmental quality by IFA of the lamina of B. pendula trees has shown reasonably favorable conditions. All reservoirs are characterized by a high abundance of invertebrates. Currently, no sharp decline in the abundance of pedobionts have been noted. The diversity of dendrobiont insects with low abundance and the optimal ratio of phytophagous to predatory insects may indicate stable relationships between consorts and the determinant, a tree species. The distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the SPNT has mosaic character. We have also noted trends toward a decrease in species diversity and populations density of ornithofauna. At the moment, the road is not open for transport yet, and no sharp decline in species diversity or abundance of individuals in populations is observed.