bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Health in Cis Women Living in Germany
Authors: Batz Falk , Lermer Eva , Hatzler Laura , Vilsmaier Theresa , Schröder Lennard , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Behr Joachim , Mahner Sven , Buspavanich Pichit , Thaler Christian J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreliminary research shows a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s sexual health, whereby empirical work on sexual well-being of minoritized sexual identities is still rare.AimThe objective of this study was to explore sexual health in heterosexual, lesbian and bisexual cis women during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.MethodsAn anonymous nationwide online survey was conducted among cis women during the first nationwide lockdown in Germany from April 20th to July 20th, 2020. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail, online chats and social-media platforms.OutcomesDemographic variables and self-report measures from the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-G) "before the pandemic" and "since the pandemic" were collected.ResultsA total of 1,368 cis women participants were included: heterosexual women (n = 844), lesbian women (n = 293), bisexual women (n = 231). Results indicate overall decrease in frequency of sexual contacts and masturbation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding differences before and during the pandemic lesbian women showed significant changes in sexual arousal whereas heterosexual women showed significant changes in all dimensions except capability to enjoy sexual intercourse. The data of bisexual women showed significant changes in almost all dimensions except for frequency of sexual intercourse and sexual arousal. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that being younger than 36 years-old, and being in a relationship as well as being heterosexual (compared with being lesbian) is positively associated with general satisfaction with sexual life during the pandemic.Clinical ImplicationsThe findings suggest that during a pandemic sexual and mental health care for (cis) women should be provided and address the specific needs of sexual minority groups.Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first study to describe sexual behavior in heterosexual, lesbian and bisexual women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Limitations, however, include the fact that the data described were obtained at only one time point so there is a possibility of recall bias, and that the results cannot be generalized because of the underrepresentation of women over age 46.ConclusionThis study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social constraints on the sexual health of particular groups of lesbian and bisexual women, which may improve preparedness for future public health and policy crises.
A network analysis of dissemination and implementation research expertise across a university: Central actors and expertise clusters
Authors: Yousefi Nooraie Reza , Roman Gretchen , Fiscella Kevin , McMahon James M. , Orlando Elissa , Bennett Nancy M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Although dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is a growing field, many health researchers with relevant D&I expertise do not self-identify as D&I researchers. The goal of this work was to analyze the distribution, clustering, and recognition of D&I expertise in an academic institution.

Methods:
A snowball survey was administered to investigators at University of Rochester with experience and/or interest in D&I research. The respondents were asked to identify their level of D&I expertise and to nominate others who were experienced and/or active in D&I research. We used social network analysis to examine nomination networks.

Results:
Sixty-eight participants provided information about their D&I expertise. Thirty-eight percent of the survey respondents self-identified as D&I researchers, 24% as conducting D&I under different labels, and 38% were familiar with D&I concepts. D&I researchers were, on average, the most central actors in the network (nominated most by other survey participants) and had the highest within-group density, indicating wide recognition by colleagues and among themselves. Researchers who applied D&I under different labels had the highest within-group reciprocity (25%), and the highest between-group reciprocity (29%) with researchers familiar with D&I. Participants significantly tended to nominate peers within their departments and within their expertise categories.

Conclusions:
Identifying and engaging unrecognized clusters of expertise related to D&I research may provide opportunities for mutual learning and dialog and will be critical to bridging across departmental and topic area silos and building capacity for D&I in academic settings.
Effectiveness of Mask-Wearing on Respiratory Illness Transmission in Community Settings: A Rapid Review
Authors: Baier Megan , Knobloch Mary Jo , Osman Fauzia , Safdar Nasia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Respiratory illnesses, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have resulted in millions of deaths globally. Guidance on mask-wearing in community settings has been inconsistent. This review examined the effectiveness of mask-wearing on respiratory virus transmission in community settings.

Methods:
A search was conducted for English language reports of randomized controlled trials of mask-wearing in the community and effect on laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections or influenza-like illness. Investigators abstracted study characteristics and assessed bias. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk estimates.

Results:
Eleven studies were included. In 7 studies that evaluated influenza-like illness symptoms as an outcome (3029 participants), this study found mask-wearing associated with a decreased risk of influenza-like illness (overall risk ratio [RR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96). Studies examining laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as an outcome (10,531 participants) showed no statistically significant association between mask-wearing and infections (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.60-1.80). However, masking combined with enhanced hand hygiene was associated with a decreased risk for both influenza-like illness symptoms (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.51-1.51) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.52-1.18).

Conclusions:
Masking in community settings decreases transmission of influenza-like illness. Mask-wearing combined with enhanced hand hygiene reduces transmission of influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection.
Monolithic edge-cladding process for the elliptical disk of N31-type Nd-doped high-power laser glass
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Qian Min , Chen Youkuo , Wang Xin , Tang Jingping , Wen Lei , Hu Junjiang , Chen Wei , Chen Shubin , Hu Lili 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the monolithic edge-cladding process for the elliptical disk of N31-type Nd-doped phosphate laser glass, which will be utilized under liquid cooling conditions for high-power laser systems. The thermal stress, interface bubbles and residual reflectivity, which are due to high-temperature casting and bonding during the monolithic edge-cladding process, are simulated and determined. The applied mould is optimized to a rectangular cavity mould, and the casting temperature is optimized to 1000°C. The resulting lower bubble density makes the mean residual reflectivity as low as 6.75 × 10−5, which is enough to suppress the amplified spontaneous emission generated in the Nd-glass disk, and the resulting maximum optical retardation is converged to 10.2–13.3 nm/cm, which is a favourable base for fine annealing to achieve the stress specification of less than or equal to 5 nm/cm. After fine annealing at the optimized 520°C, the maximum optical retardation is as low as 4.8 nm/cm, and the minimum transmitted wavefront peak-to-valley value is 0.222 wavelength (632.8 nm). An N31 elliptical disk with the size of 194 mm × 102 mm × 40 mm can be successfully cladded by the optimized monolithic edge-cladding process, whose edge-cladded disk with the size of 200 mm × 108 mm × 40 mm can achieve laser gain one-third higher than that of an N21-type disk of the same size.
Double Colonization: A Voice of the Voiceless in Leila Abouzeid's Year of the Elephant
Authors: Rashed Redhwan Qasem Ghaleb 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany Afro-Arab women novelists, if not all, have been addressing feminist issues for ages while homeland issues have been masculinized. Against this trend, Leila Abouzeid's academic interests span not only women's issues, but also those of men and of her country as well. Her book shows how a woman is dominated by patriarchy and colonization and how she herself appears to be an executioner. It also shows her struggle and resistance against patriarchy and imperial power, without sacrificing her commitment to her national and religious identity. In contrast to secular feminism, Abouzeid views religion as a source of relief and solace. The study also argues that the men happily adopt the colonial culture whereas their women resist it. Tackling the experience of double colonization in Year of the Elephant captures the experiences of millions of women in both the eastern and western hemispheres who rebel over the laws that govern their lives.
Invasive slipper limpetsCrepidula fornicataare hosts for sterilizing digenean parasites
Authors: Quinn Emma A. , Thomas Jessica E. , Malkin Sophie H. , Eley Molly-Jane , Coates Christopher J. , Rowley Andrew F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvasion and spread of alien species can drive ecosystem changes, such as, the dynamics of infectious diseases. The non-native, marine gastropodCrepidula fornicatahas become established across European coastlines over the last century, but there remains little insight into its disease carrying capacity and potential role as a source/sink of parasites. To address this knowledge gap, we surveyed limpets from two sites in South Wales, UK for signatures of disease/pathology using polymerase chain reaction-based methods (haemolymph) and histology (solid tissue). We encountered trematode-like parasites in ~1% individuals (5 out of 462). Three limpets displayed gross damage in the gonad, i.e. castration, and encysted metacercariae were found in the muscle of two other individuals. On the basis of 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 genomic targets, we identified the gonad-infecting trematodes as members of the family Microphallidae – putative novel species related to the genusLongiductotrema. Earlier reports suggest thatC. fornicatais not a host for trematode parasites in either its native or alien range but may act as a sink due to its filter feeding lifestyle. We provide clear evidence thatC. fornicatais parasitized by at least one trematode species at two sites in Wales, UK, and likely act as a spillback or accidental host among native littorinids.
Adapting to children’s individual language proficiency: An observational study of preschool teacher talk addressing monolinguals and children learning English as an additional language
Authors: CHAN Kin Chung Jacky , MONAGHAN Padraic , MICHEL Marije 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn an increasingly diverse society, young children are likely to speak different first languages that are not the majority language of society. Preschool might be one of the first and few environments where they experience the majority language. The present study investigated how preschool teachers communicate with monolingual English preschoolers and preschoolers learning English as an additional language (EAL). We recorded and transcribed four hours of naturalistic preschool classroom activities and observed whether and how preschool teachers tailored their speech to children of different language proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds (monolingual English: n = 13; EAL: n = 10), using a suite of tools for analysing quantity and quality of speech. We found that teachers used more diverse vocabulary and more complex syntax with the monolingual children and children who were more proficient in English, showing sensitivity to individual children’s language capabilities and adapting their language use accordingly.
Introduction to the Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project)
Authors: Ikeda Shuichi , Silapunt Phumin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Southeast Asia is the second biggest region in the world in terms of the total number of natural disasters since 1900. Therefore, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) initiated regional challenges toward strengthening regional collaboration for disaster prevention and response since the earthquake of Sumatra in Indonesia occurred in 2004. Moreover, ASEAN Leaders signed “the ASEAN Declaration on One ASEAN, One Response” in 2016. Under these circumstances, ASEAN decided to implement the Project for Strengthening the ASEAN Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH Project).Objectives:The objective of the ARCH Project is to strengthen coordination on disaster health management (DHM) for rapid and effective response to disasters occurring in the ASEAN region and to enhance the capacity of each ASEAN Member State (AMS) on DHM. This article aims to overview the outline and its strategy, and review the progress of the project.Methods:ARCH Project is an ASEAN official project supported by Japan’s official development assistance. Five outputs were launched for: (1) coordination platform on DHM; (2) framework of regional collaboration practices; (3) tools for effective regional collaboration; (4) enhancement of academic network on DHM; and (5) capacity development activities for each AMS. The Project was reviewed in terms of accomplishment and evaluation criteria.Results:Regional Coordination Committee on DHM was established as a coordination platform to: Oversee the implementation of the ARCH Project for the Output 1; Regional Collaboration Drill was developed and conducted for the Output 2; The standard operating procedure for coordination of emergency medical teams (EMTs) in ASEAN was developed for the Output 3; Various presentations on ARCH were made in academic conferences for the Output 4; and Several training programs and educational curricula were developed for the Output 5. The Project has accomplished its Project Purpose and satisfied all the indicators set. ARCH Project has high Relevance, Impact, Sustainability, and Effectiveness, while some improvements in Efficiency are needed.Conclusions:ARCH Project is the first-ever successful regional cooperation mechanism and standardization of DHM in ASEAN, one of the most disaster-prone regions. It also contributes to the capacity building of AMS. The ARCH Project has a remarkable impact on the resilience and flexible medical response to disasters, although continuous efforts of stakeholders to make this initiative sustainable are necessary.
Social Cognition in Temporal and Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Clinical Recommendations
Authors: Ziaei Maryam , Arnold Charlotte , Thompson Kate , Reutens David C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:Despite the importance of social cognitive functions to mental health and social adjustment, examination of these functions is absent in routine assessment of epilepsy patients. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on four major aspects of social cognition among temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, which is a critical step toward designing new interventions.Method:Papers from 1990 to 2021 were reviewed and examined for inclusion in this study. After the deduplication process, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 and 40 articles, respectively, involving 113 people with frontal lobe epilepsy and 1482 people with temporal lobe epilepsy were conducted.Results:Our results indicated that while patients with frontal or temporal lobe epilepsy have difficulties in all aspects of social cognition relative to nonclinical controls, the effect sizes were larger for theory of mind (g = .95), than for emotion recognition (g = .69) among temporal lobe epilepsy group. The frontal lobe epilepsy group exhibited significantly greater impairment in emotion recognition compared to temporal lobe. Additionally, people with right temporal lobe epilepsy (g = 1.10) performed more poorly than those with a left-sided (g = .90) seizure focus, specifically in the theory of mind domain.Conclusions:These data point to a potentially important difference in the severity of deficits within the emotion recognition and theory of mind abilities depending on the laterlization of seizure side. We also suggest a guide for the assessment of impairments in social cognition that can be integrated into multidisciplinary clinical evaluation for people with epilepsy
Cross-linguistic influence during online sentence processing in bilingual children
Authors: van Dijk Chantal , Dijkstra Ton , Unsworth Sharon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo assess the presence of cross-linguistic influence, this study compared the processing of Dutch sentences by English–Dutch and German–Dutch bilingual and Dutch monolingual children in a self-paced listening task. We combined insights from studies on child bilingualism and adult second language acquisition. Sentence structures showing partial overlap between languages were investigated (long passives), as well as structures with complete or no overlap (verb second and verb third sentences). We found evidence for syntactic co-activation of overlapping structures in the form of inhibition during listening. Syntactic, and possibly lexical, overlap between languages, and language dominance modulated effects. In particular, online cross-linguistic influence was visible only in the German–Dutch group. Furthermore, effects were most pronounced when structures partially overlapped and were absent in non-overlapping structures. Effects of online cross-linguistic influence became stronger the more German-dominant children were. Our results indicate that syntactic co-activation across languages affects sentence processing in bilingual children.
Fungal plant pathogens observed on perennial cereal crops in New York during 2017–2018
Authors: Fulcher Michael R. , Law Eugene P. , Wayman Sandra , Ryan Matthew R. , Bergstrom Gary C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerennial grain crops are emerging as a promising addition to sustainable agricultural systems because of their low-input requirements and delivery of ecosystem services. However, adoption of these crops is expected to bring novel management challenges, including those related to plant diseases. In New York, fungal pathogens of annual grains have a significant impact on crop yield and value and are generally controlled through a combination of host resistances, cultural practices and chemical fungicides. Without the availability of crop rotation and soil tillage practices, disease control in perennial grain systems may be problematic, and little is known about perennial grain crop susceptibility to local plant pathogen populations. During 2017 and 2018, ongoing field trials of two perennial grain crops recently introduced in New York, intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium) and perennial cereal rye (PCR; Secale cereale), were assessed for the presence of putative fungal pathogens on actively growing plants, overwintered crop residue and harvested grain. A total of nine potential host–pathogen combinations were recorded based on symptomology, pathogen morphology and DNA sequences. Common annual crop pathogens were recovered most frequently, but, at one site, Phyllachora graminis, causal fungus of tar spot and a pathogen not previously reported on crops in New York, was found on IWG. Residue colonization by an important toxigenic pathogen (Fusarium graminearum) was high in both crops, though mycotoxin levels in associated grain were low, indicating either the hosts or environment were unsuitable for disease development. Seed-borne fungal communities differed across crops and locations, and black point, a condition caused by Alternaria and Bipolaris fungi and indicative of compromised grain quality, was prevalent in PCR under some conditions. Growing PCR with intercropped red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) resulted in less Stagonospora colonization of stem residue, and PCR grown with an oat (Avena sativa L.) nurse crop had a reduced incidence of black point. These alternative cultural practices may prove useful for managing disease in perennial grains. Our results suggest that the incorporation of perennial crops into the agricultural landscape will lead to familiar plant disease problems requiring new solutions as well as new problems that may require significant research investments.
A novel modified circular ring-based broadband polarization-insensitive angular stable circuit analog absorber (CAA) for RCS applications
Authors: Shukoor Mohammad Abdul , Dey Sukomal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a compact modified circular ring-based circuit analog absorber (CAA) is proposed. It comprises a resistor-loaded frequency selective surface (FSS) underneath an FR-4 substrate, and the other end is terminated with a perfect electric conductor (PEC) separated by an air-spacer. The proposed design shows a minimum −10 dB reflectance from 10.55 to 36.03 GHz (25.48 GHz bandwidth and 109.4% fractional bandwidth) with two dips at 13.5 GHz and 35.23 GHz having reflectivity −17.18 dB and −24.9 dB, respectively. The existing four-fold circular symmetry architecture shows insensitivity for different polarization angles under normal incidences and up to 45° stability for Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes under oblique incidences. The proposed cell is compact with a periodicity of 0.193λL, and a thickness of 0.09λL, where λL is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the absorption band. The novelty of the design lies in the topology of using an underneath FSS to take advantage of effective permittivity control for both broader bandwidth and better angular stability. To demonstrate the ability of the proposed design, a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna prototype is fabricated, and its radar cross section (RCS) is measured after loading with the absorber. A 15.15 dBsm RCS reduction is observed in comparison with the PEC. The authors strongly believe that the proposed design has potential applications such as RCS reduction and radio-frequency energy harvesting.
Novel measurement technique to detect breast tumor based on the smallest form factor of UWB patch antenna
Authors: Zerrad Fatima-Ezzahra , Taouzari Mohamed , Makroum El Mostafa , Aoufi Jamal , Nasraoui Hanane , Aksoy Fadima Gülsever , Karaaslan Muharrem , Islam Md Tarikul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA small ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for microwave breast imaging (MWI) applications is shown off in this paper. However, to improve the antenna performance relating to the bandwidth (BW), the radiating element of the suggested antenna is modified by adding slits in the patch as well as the ground plane. The proposed prototype has a relatively small size of 20 × 19 × 1.6 mm3and it accomplishes a return loss below −10 dB (S11< −10 dB) at an overall BW of 7 GHz (4–11 GHz) with more than 3 dBi realized gain. The antenna is designed and simulated by using a finite integration technique-based simulator. In this way, the characteristics of the fabricated antenna are measured to examine the antenna performance. Indeed, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are also noticed for the same frequency range. In the final analysis, a simulation model of the antennas, that operate as a transceiver, and a breast phantom model with tumor sample is proposed for detecting cancerous tumor cells within the breast. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for UWB based MWI applications in tumor cell detection.