bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak population genetic structure in Eurasian spruce bark beetle over large regional scales in Sweden
Authors: Ellerstrand Simon Jacobsen , Choudhury Shruti , Svensson Kajsa , Andersson Martin N. , Kirkeby Carsten , Powell Daniel , Schlyter Fredrik , Jönsson Anna Maria , Brydegaard Mikkel , Hansson Bengt , Runemark Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is a major pest, capable of killing spruce forests during large population outbreaks. Recorded dispersal distances of individual beetles are typically within hundreds of meters or a few kilometers. However, the connectivity between populations at larger distances and longer time spans and how this is affected by the habitat is less studied, despite its importance for understanding at which distances local outbreaks may spread. Previous population genetic studies in I. typographus typically used low resolution markers. Here, we use genome‐wide data to assess population structure and connectivity of I. typographus in Sweden. We used 152 individuals from 19 population samples, distributed over 830 km from Strömsund (63° 46′ 8″ N) in the north to Nyteboda (56° 8′ 50″ N) in the south, to capture processes at a large regional scale, and a transect sampling design adjacent to a recent outbreak to capture processes at a smaller scale (76 km). Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) markers capturing 1409–1997 SNPs throughout the genome, we document a weak genetic structure over the large scale, potentially indicative of high connectivity with extensive gene flow. No differentiation was detected at the smaller scale. We find indications of isolation‐by‐distance both for relative (FST) and absolute divergence (Dxy). The two northernmost populations are most differentiated from the remaining populations, and diverge in parallel to the southern populations for a set of outlier loci. In conclusion, the population structure of I. typographus in Sweden is weak, suggesting a high capacity to disperse and establish outbreak populations in new territories.
Seasonal and annual dynamics of western Canadian boreal forest plant communities: A legacy data set spanning four decades
Authors: Hesketh Amelia V. , Loesberg Jenna A. , Bledsoe Ellen K. , Karst Justine , Macdonald S. Ellen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs boreal forests rapidly warm due to anthropogenic climate change, long‐term baseline community data are needed to effectively characterize the corresponding ecological changes that are occurring in these forests. The combined seasonal dynamics (SEADYN) and annual dynamics (ANNDYN) data set, which documents the vegetative changes in boreal forests during the snow‐free period, is one such source of baseline community data. These data were collected by George H. La Roi and colleagues in Alberta, Canada from 1980 to 2015 within permanent sampling plots established in the Hondo‐Slave Lake area (eight stands; 1980–2015) in central Alberta and the Athabasca Oil Sands (AOS) region (17 stands; 1981–1984) near Fort McMurray in northeastern Alberta. Various data were collected, with temporal and spatial coverage differing by data set. These data sets include, but are not limited to, cover of each identified vascular plant and bryoid (moss, liverwort, and lichen) species; forest mensuration; forest litter production; and soil temperature and moisture. Notably, permanent sampling plots were set up as a grid, which will facilitate analyses of spatial relations. These data can be used to analyze long‐term changes in seasonal dynamics and succession within boreal forest communities and serve as a baseline for comparison with future forest conditions in unmanaged, managed, and reclaimed forests. Data are released under a CC‐BY license; please cite this data paper when using the data for analyses.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous OPC‐61815 compared with oral tolvaptan in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Sato Naoki , Uno Shingo , Kurita Yuka , Kim Seongryul ,   the OPTION‐HF Investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThis multicentre, randomized, controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group Phase III study was conducted to confirm the non‐inferiority of OPC‐61815 (tolvaptan sodium phosphate) intravenous injections to oral tolvaptan tablets in patients with congestive heart failure and volume overload despite receiving diuretics other than vasopressin antagonists.Methods and resultsCongestive heart failure patients with volume overload despite receiving diuretics other than vasopressin antagonists were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive OPC‐61815 (16‐mg injection; n = 149) or oral tolvaptan (15‐mg tablet; n = 145) once daily for 5 days. Most patients were male; the mean age and weight were 74.7 years and 62.1 kg, respectively; other demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. In this study, the primary endpoint was the change in body weight from baseline to the day after the last dose. Secondary endpoints included improvement from baseline in congestive findings and New York Heart Association classification. The change in body weight was −1.67 kg [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.93, −1.41] and −1.36 kg (95% CI: −1.62, −1.10) in the OPC‐61815 group and tolvaptan group, respectively; the difference in the least squares mean between the groups was −0.31 kg (95% CI: −0.68, 0.06). Given the upper CI did not exceed the pre‐specified limit of 0.48, this confirmed the non‐inferiority of injectable OPC‐61815 to oral tolvaptan. Daily urine volume and daily fluid intake increased, and daily fluid balance was negative throughout the treatment period; changes were similar for both groups. All evaluated congestive symptoms and New York Heart Association classifications showed improvement and safety findings were similar between the groups. The incidence of hyperkalaemia was higher in the OPC‐61815 group, and the incidence of thirst and dry mouth was higher in the tolvaptan group. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild to moderate; one serious treatment‐emergent adverse event of hyperkalaemia in the OPC‐61815 group was considered treatment related.ConclusionsOPC‐61815 (16‐mg injection) was confirmed as non‐inferior to oral tolvaptan (15‐mg tablet) in patients with congestive heart failure and inadequate response to diuretics; no new safety concerns were observed.
Biomarker‐driven prognostic models in chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the EMPEROR–Preserved trial
Authors: Pocock Stuart J. , Ferreira João Pedro , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez , Filippatos Gerasimos , Kondo Toru , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Januzzi James L. , Iwata Tomoko , Salsali Afshin , Butler Javed , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAimsBiomarker‐driven prognostic models incorporating N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are lacking. We aimed to generate a biomarker‐driven prognostic tool for patients with chronic HFpEF enrolled in EMPEROR‐Preserved.Methods and resultsMultivariable Cox regression models were created for (i) the primary composite outcome of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death, (ii) all‐cause death, (iii) cardiovascular death, and (iv) HF hospitalization. PARAGON‐HF was used as a validation cohort. NT‐proBNP and hs‐cTnT were the dominant predictors of the primary outcome, and in addition, a shorter time since last hospitalization, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), insulin‐treated diabetes, low haemoglobin, and a longer time since HF diagnosis were key predictors (eight variables, all p < 0.001). The consequent primary outcome risk score discriminated well (c‐statistic = 0.75) with patients in the top 10th of risk having an event rate >22× higher than those in the bottom 10th. A model for HF hospitalization alone had even better discrimination (c = 0.79). Empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients across all risk levels. NT‐proBNP and hs‐cTnT were also the dominant predictors of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality followed by history of COPD, low albumin, older age, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, NYHA class III or IV and insulin‐treated diabetes (eight variables, all p < 0.001). The mortality risk model had similar discrimination for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (c‐statistic = 0.72 for both). External validation provided c‐statistics of 0.71, 0.71, 0.72, and 0.72 for the primary outcome, HF hospitalization alone, all‐cause death, and cardiovascular death, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of NT‐proBNP and hs‐cTnT along with a few readily available clinical variables provides effective risk discrimination both for morbidity and mortality in patients with HFpEF. A predictive tool‐kit facilitates the ready implementation of these risk models in routine clinical practice.
One‐cycle controlled standalone solar water pumping system
Authors: Nisha R. , Gnana Sheela K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses with the development of an effective standalone solar photovoltaic (PV)‐fed brushless DC (BLDC) motor water pumping system with battery storage. The system guarantees continuous water supply in all operating environments. Boost converter is selected as the DC‐DC converter linking the PV array and voltage source inverter. Maximum power point tracking is achieved through perturb and observe algorithm. The bidirectional buck‐boost converter is intended for the transfer of power between the battery and solar panels. Charging and discharging control of battery is achieved through one‐cycle control of bidirectional converter which provides quick response and zero steady‐state error. The BLDC motor works with electronic commutation providing smooth and fundamental frequency operation of the voltage source inverter. Simple battery management system using digital integrated circuits for controlling the power transfer amidst the solar panel and the load enhances the system efficiency. The performance of the proposed system is checked for various operating modes like normal conditions, discharging conditions and charging conditions of the battery, and is validated through simulation results. Comparison with existing topologies proves the efficacy of the system under all operating conditions.
Effects of packaging and ripeness on plantain flour characteristics during storage
Authors: Honfo Fernande G. , Togbe Euloge C. , Dekker Matthijs , Akissoe Noël 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing implication of plantain flour in various food formulations calls for the need to evaluate the effects of ripening stage, packaging materials, and storage duration on its proximal composition and functional properties. For this study, plantain flours were produced from the cultivar Alloga at unripe and semiripe stage 3. They were stored both in transparent polyethylene bags and in an opaque aluminum foil. Physicochemical analyses and functional characterization of the plantain flour were performed on samples taken prior to storage and on monthly basis for 6 months during storage. Ash and carbohydrate contents decreased while the yellowness and redness increased with ripening. Pasting viscosity drastically decreased with ripening. During storage, significant differences in color and among most functional characteristics were observed as a consequence of both storage duration and packaging materials. Based on this research, flour from semiripe plantain could be recommended for use in formulations requiring low viscosity. Besides, it is suggested to store plantain flours in opaque containers to reduce the variability in its properties, thus maintaining its original quality.
Impact of vitamin D on maternal and fetal health: A review
Authors: Arshad Rizwan , Sameen Aysha , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Sharif Hafiz Rizwan , Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq  , Dawood Sahifa , Ahmed Zahoor , Nemat Arash , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of vitamin D in improving maternal health and reducing the risk of developmental disorders in fetus has been an important domain of research since the past few years. Vitamin D, owing to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, developmental roles, and regulating calcium homeostasis, is predicted to have a significant influence on maternal and fetal health status. Several observational studies and clinical trials, determining the impact of vitamin D on gestational diabetes, C‐section, postpartum depression, pre‐eclampsia, miscarriages, and preterm delivery, have been elaborated in this review. In addition, fetal birth defects including neurological development, reduced birth weight, respiratory infections, bone development, and altered anthropometrics have also been summarized with available evidences. Other important mechanisms related to the roles of vitamin D in the body are also explained. Furthermore, recent studies determining the effect of vitamin D at genetic level will also help in understanding and future design of research in the area of maternal and fetal health.
Study on the differences in aroma components and formation mechanisms of “Nasmi” melon from different production areas
Authors: Shao Xupeng , He Weizhong , Fan Yingying , Shen Qi , Mao Jiancai , Li Meihua , Hu Guozhi , Liu Fengjuan , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAroma is an important factor that guides consumers in purchasing and is thus very important in melon research. To our knowledge, the number of studies with a focus on the aroma differences of the same melon variety in different production areas is largely limited. In this study, the differences in aroma components of “Nasmi” melons from two different production regions were analyzed using gas‐phase ion migration spectroscopy. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for analyzing fragrance‐related genes. Results showed that there were significant differences in the aroma components between products from the two regions. The total amount of aroma compounds from the Turpan region (TT) was 1.7 times higher than that from the Altay region (AT). Through the analysis of transcriptome data, the key genes encoding melon aroma components in different regions were identified as ethanol dehydrogenase, 3‐hydroxyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, acyl‐CoA oxidase, long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl‐CoA acyltransferase. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) showed that the verified genes were similar to the transcriptome. In this study, the main aroma components of the same variety of melon that differed in different production areas and the key genes causing these differences were identified. In addition, the aroma metabolic pathway of melon in different regions was preliminarily elucidated. These results could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the formation mechanism of melon aroma and breeding.
Regional gene expression patterns are associated with task‐specific brain activation during reward and emotion processing measured with functional MRI
Authors: Komorowski Arkadiusz , Murgaš Matej , Vidal Ramon , Singh Aditya , Gryglewski Gregor , Kasper Siegfried , Wiltfang Jens , Lanzenberger Rupert , Goya‐Maldonado Roberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe exploration of the spatial relationship between gene expression profiles and task‐evoked response patterns known to be altered in neuropsychiatric disorders, for example depression, can guide the development of more targeted therapies. Here, we estimated the correlation between human transcriptome data and two different brain activation maps measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects. Whole‐brain activation patterns evoked during an emotional face recognition task were associated with topological mRNA expression of genes involved in cellular transport. In contrast, fMRI activation patterns related to the acceptance of monetary rewards were associated with genes implicated in cellular localization processes, metabolism, translation, and synapse regulation. An overlap of these genes with risk genes from major depressive disorder genome‐wide association studies revealed the involvement of the master regulators TCF4 and PAX6 in emotion and reward processing. Overall, the identification of stable relationships between spatial gene expression profiles and fMRI data may reshape the prospects for imaging transcriptomics studies.
Mental health effects of education
Authors: Kondirolli Fjolla , Sunder Naveen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe analyze the role of education as a determinant of mental health. To do this, we leverage the age‐specific exposure to an educational reform as an instrument for years of education and find that the treated cohorts gained more education. This increase in education had an effect on mental health more than 2 decades later. An extra year of education led to a lower likelihood of reporting any symptoms related to depression (11.3%) and anxiety (9.8%). More educated people also suffered less severe symptoms – depression (6.1%) and anxiety (5.6%). These protective effects are higher among women and rural residents. The effects of education on mental well‐being that we document are potentially mediated through better physical health, improved health behavior and knowledge, and an increase in women's empowerment.
Research on the magnetic resonance imaging brain tumor segmentation algorithm based on DO‐UNet
Authors: Huang Tongyuan , Liu Yao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the social and economic development and the improvement of people's living standards, smart medical care is booming, and medical image processing is becoming more and more popular in research, of which brain tumor segmentation is an important branch of medical image processing. However, the manual segmentation method of brain tumors requires a lot of time and effort from the doctor and has a great impact on the treatment of patients. In order to solve this problem, we propose a DO‐UNet model for magnetic resonance imaging brain tumor image segmentation based on attention mechanism and multi‐scale feature fusion to realize fully automatic segmentation of brain tumors. Firstly, we replace the convolution blocks in the original U‐Net model with the residual modules to prevent the gradient disappearing. Secondly, the multi‐scale feature fusion is added to the skip connection of U‐Net to fuse the low‐level features and high‐level features more effectively. In addition, in the decoding stage, we add an attention mechanism to increase the weight of effective information and avoid information redundancy. Finally, we replace the traditional convolution in the model with DO‐Conv to speed up the network training and improve the segmentation accuracy. In order to evaluate the model, we used the BraTS2018, BraTS2019, and BraTS2020 datasets to train the improved model and validate it online, respectively. Experimental results show that the DO‐UNet model can effectively improve the accuracy of brain tumor segmentation and has good segmentation performance.
Long‐term outcomes of surgical approaches for bilateral hepatolithiasis: A real‐world six‐decade experience at a single center
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Zhi , Wang Lixin , Hou Chunsheng , Wang Gang , Cui Long , Zhang Lingfu , Ling Xiaofeng , Xiu Dianrong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBilateral hepatolithiasis is an intractable disease and repeated attacks of acute cholangitis seriously threaten patient health. The surgical approaches evolve along with gradually greater understanding of its pathophysiology.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study for bilateral hepatolithiasis from January 1958 to December 2018. Before May 1993 (Group A, n = 70), three surgical approaches were adopted: 37 patients with common bile duct exploration (CBDE), 29 with choledochoenterostomy (CE) and four with partial hepatectomy (PH). After June 1993 (Group B, n = 150), 101 patients underwent Oddi sphincter‐preserved cholangioplasty with hepatico‐subcutaneous stoma (OSPCHS), and 16 with CBDE, 21 with CE, 12 with PH. The perioperative and long‐term outcomes were compared.ResultsAfter 1993, the cholangitis recurrence rate significantly decreased from 49.2% to 20.9%, and the stone recurrence rate from 76.3% to 37.1% (both P < .001). Also, the stone‐/cholangitis‐free durations were prolonged significantly (median: 50.8 vs 26.4/49.6 vs 16.2 months, both P < .001). Preoperative cholangitis was an independent risk factor for stone recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.863, P = .018), and residual stone for cholangitis recurrence (HR = 2.838, P < .001). OSPCHS and PH were protective surgical approaches for recurrent stone (CBDE: reference; OSPCHS: HR = .469, P = .016, PH: HR = .219, P = .018) and cholangitis (CBDE: reference; OSPCHS: HR = .421, P = .010, PH: HR = .283, P = .093).ConclusionsFor bilateral hepatolithiasis, the management should focus on hepatobiliary lesion eradication and Oddi sphincter function preservation.
Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine as a promising scaffold for the development of antibacterial agents
Authors: Mishra Nilima Priyadarsini , Mohapatra Seetaram , Das Tapaswini , Nayak Sabita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe fascinating molecular structure and versatile bioactivity of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine scaffold attracts the scientific community to develop new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine based antibacterial agent in current situation. This systematic review provides a deep insight into the recent advances of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives and its antibacterial activities from 2010 to 2021. Moreover, the structure–activity relationship and synthetic approaches are also cautiously summarized throughout the review which affords a clear vision for the medicinal chemists to design new antibacterial agents.
Neat multicomponent assembly of highly functionalized Acenaphtho[1,2‐b]pyrroles, in vitro evaluation for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Vinodhini Chandrasekar , Kiruthika Selvarangam E. , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai , Chitra Krishnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile one‐pot multicomponent route for the synthesis of acenaphtho[1,2‐b] pyrroles from acenaphthenequinone using amines and activated alkynes is reported. The method involves the formation of a zwitterionic intermediate through Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition reaction of amines and activated alkynes. The solvent free method was found to be superior than conventional methods in terms of reaction resulted in excellent yields in the presence of electron releasing and halogen containing substituents on the primary aromatic amine and on altering the alkyl substituents of the acetylenic ester. Antioxidant activity of the titled derivatives (4a‐j) was investigated by the Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Compounds 4b and 4j showed relative radical scavenging potential comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 25.20 μg/mL). Cell growth inhibition testing was carried out using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in two different human cancer cell lines colon (HT‐ 29) and breast (MCF‐7). Compound 4j is comparatively effective against HT‐29 cells (GI50 = 23.6 ± 0.11) in comparison with standard 5‐FU (GI50 = 25.5 ± 0.29) and also moderately effective against MCF‐7 cells (GI50 = 10.3 ± 0.12) in comparison with standard Doxorubicin (GI50 = 2.6 ± 0.06) among the other evaluated derivatives. The results revealed the promising lead compounds 4j for further optimization toward the discovery and development of new anti‐cancer agents.