bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the Alfven eigenmode stability in CFETR steady state discharges
Authors: Varela J. , Huang J. , Spong D.A. , Chen J. , Chan V. , Garcia L. , Wingen A. , Ghai Y. , Zou Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the stability of Alfven eigenmodes (AE) in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) plasma for steady state operations. The analysis is done using the gyro-fluid code FAR3d including the effect of the acoustic modes, EP finite Larmor radius damping effects and multiple energetic particle populations. Two high poloidal β scenarios are studied with respect to the location of the internal transport barrier (ITB) at r/a ≈ 0.45 (case A) and r/a ≈ 0.6 (case B). Both operation scenarios show a narrow TAE gap between the inner-middle plasma region and a wide EAE gap all along the plasma radius. The AE stability of CFETR plasmas improves if the ITB is located inwards, case A, showing AEs with lower growth rates with respect to the case B. The AEs growth rate is smaller in the case A because the modes are located in the inner-middle plasma region where the stabilizing effect of the magnetic shear is stronger with respect to the case B. Multiple EP populations effects (NBI driven EP + alpha articles) are negligible for the case A, although the simulations for the case B show a stabilizing effect of the NBI EP on the n = 1 BAE caused by α particles during the thermalization process. If the FLR damping effects are included in the simulations, the growth rate of the EAE/NAE decreases up to 70%, particularly for n > 3 toroidal families. Low n AEs (n < 6) show the largest growth rates. On the other hand, high n modes (n = 6 to 15) are triggered in the frequency range of the NAE, strongly damped by the FLR effects.
Using public participation within land use change scenarios for analysing environmental and socioeconomic drivers
Authors: Penny Jessica , Djordjević Slobodan , Chen Albert S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to improve the understanding of environmental and socioeconomic drivers on land use change (LUC) through public participation (PP), and provide recommendations for long-term policy making to support sustainable land use (LU) management. PP was necessary to help understand and address the problem and concerns of stakeholders within the study area. Through two collaboration workshops seven individual future LU scenarios were created. Using the future land use simulation model, LU was projected up till 2060, after which logistic regression analysis took place to find the most significant driver. Results found that LUC within the baseline scenario and the ones chosen by stakeholders were very different, however concluded that Paddy field extent would decrease in the future to be replaced by more drought resilient agriculture; Perennials & Orchards and Field Crops. Outcomes from future scenarios propose that future LUC was driven by environment spatial factors such as elevation and climate, not soil suitability. With, first hand interviews suggesting it is indirect external factors such as, crop price that drive LUC. Overall the study provides steps towards dynamic LUC modelling where future scenarios have been tailored to details specified by the public through their participation.
High-temperature corrosion behavior of TP91, C22 alloy and C22 based on laser coatings in simulated reducing corrosion environment
Authors: Liu Congcong , Liu Zongde , Gao Yuan , Wang Xinyu , Zheng Chao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To explore corrosion characteristics of TP91, C22 alloy and C22 laser coatings in reducing environment caused by low-nitrogen combustion at 500 °C–600 °C, a synthetic corrosive medium containing 0.2 vol% H2S-0.1 vol% O2–N2 were selected. Results showed that the order of corrosion resistance is: C22 laser coatings>C22 alloy>TP91. 550 °C was the limit corrosion temperature for C22 alloy and C22 laser coatings. The reason for the strong corrosion resistance of C22 alloy and C22 laser coatings is that a dense layer of Cr-rich corrosion products due to the is produced in the inner layer, thus protecting the matrix from direct corrosion by corrosive gas. Finer grains before corrosion tests and the formation of dense Cr2O3 inner layers in much speedier process were the main reasons for the best corrosion resistance of C22 laser coatings.
Effect of friction stir processing parameters on the microstructure and properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Hu Yijie , Sun Youping , He Jiangmei , Fang Dejun , Zhu Jiaxin , Meng Xiangchao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Friction stir processing is an important method for acquiring ultrafine-grained materials. In this paper, 3 mm ZK60 magnesium alloy sheet was carried for friction stir processing. The best processing parameters with a small grain size and maximum mechanical properties were obtained by comparing different rotation speeds and processing speeds. Fine recrystallized grains and high-angle grain boundaries were observed in stirring zone under different processing parameters. With increasing rotation speed, the grain size and high-angle grain boundary ratio increase; while with increasing processing speed, the grain size decrease, and the ratio of high-angle grain boundaries increase. When rotation speed and processing speed are 1400 r·min−1 and 100 mm·min−1, the processing plate have the largest ultimate tensile strength are 267.52 Mpa, that reached 84.62% of the base metals, and the yield strength, elongation and grain size are 166.97 Mpa, 15.32% and 1.12 ± 1.64 μm, respectively. The processing plate has more excellent damping performance than rolled.
Mechanical properties and constitutive model of Sn-58Bi alloy
Authors: Zhang Kebin , Li Wenbin , Song Ping , Zhao Changfang , Zhang Kewen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sn-58Bi alloy is a strain-rate-sensitive material. To study the mechanical properties of Sn-58Bi alloy, an MTS universal testing machine and split-Hopkinson pressure bar were used to conduct quasi-static and dynamic testing on Sn-58Bi alloy, obtaining the stress-strain curve of Sn-58Bi alloy at the strain rate of 0.001–6316 s−1. By comparing the tensile and compressive stress–strain curves of Sn-58Bi alloy under quasi-static conditions, it is found that Sn-58Bi alloy is brittle, with its tensile yield strength lower than its compressive yield strength. By comparing the compressive stress–strain curves of Sn-58Bi alloy at different strain rates, it is found that the yield strength of Sn-58Bi alloy increases with increasing strain rate, and a strain-hardening phenomenon is manifested at high strain rate. By revising the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, the constitutive model of Sn-58Bi alloy at different strain rates was established, with the calculated results of the model in good agreement with the experimental results.
Recent advances in g-C3N4 based gas sensors for the detection of toxic and flammable gases: a review
Authors: Bhati Vijendra Singh , Takhar Vishakha , Raliya Ramesh , Kumar Mahesh , Banerjee Rupak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, many 2D nanomaterials like graphene, MoS2, phosphorene, and metal oxide nanosheets have been investigated for gas sensing applications due to their excellent properties. Amongst other 2D nanomaterials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant attention owing to its simple synthesis process, tunable electronic properties, and exceptional physicochemical properties. Such remarkable properties assert g-C3N4 as a potential candidate for the next-generation high-performance gas sensors employed in the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Although several articles and reviews are available on g-C3N4 for their synthesis, functionalities, and applications for the detection of humidity. Few of them have focused their attention on gas sensing using g-C3N4. Thus, in this review, we have methodically summed up the recent advances in g-C3N4 and its composites-based gas sensor for the detection of toxic and flammable gases. Moreover, we have also incorporated the synthesis strategies and the comprehensive physics of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Additionally, different approaches are presented for the enhancement of gas sensing/detecting properties of g-C3N4 based gas sensors. Finally, the challenges and future scope of g-C3N4 based gas sensors for real-time monitoring of gases have been discussed.
Elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide and High Brachial Pulse Pressure in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Patin Charlotte , Bonnin Philippe , Vidal-Trecan Tiphaine , Paven Elise , Gautier Jean-François , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Amah Guy , Henry Patrick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Heart failure (HF) is frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and early detection improves prognosis. We investigated whether analysis of brachial blood pressure (BP) in daily practice can identify patients with DM and high risk for subsequent HF, as defined by brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) &gt;50 pg/ml.

METHODS
3,367 outpatients with DM without a history of cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a prospective study.

RESULTS
Age (mean ± SD) was 56 ± 14 years, 57% were male, 78% had type 2 DM, and HbA1C was 7.4 ± 1.4%. A history of hypertension was recorded in 43% of patients and uncontrolled BP was observed in 13%. BNP concentration (mean ± SD) was 21 ± 21 ng/l and 9% of patients had high risk of incident HF. Brachial pulse pressure (PP) was the best BP parameter associated with high risk of incident HF compared with diastolic, systolic, or mean BP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.70, 0.65, 0.57, and 0.57, respectively). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that elevated PP was independently associated with high risk of incident HF (odds ratio [95% confidence interval, CI]: 2.1 [1.5–2.8] for PP ≥65 mm Hg). Study of central aortic BP and pulse wave velocity on 117 patients demonstrated that high risk of incident HF was associated with increased arterial stiffness and subendocardial ischemia. After a mean follow-up of 811 days, elevated PP was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.7 [1.1–2.8]).

CONCLUSIONS
Brachial PP is powerful and independent “easy to record” BP parameter associated with high risk of incident HF in diabetic patients.
Improving the Quality of Neuropsychological Assessment Practice: The Development of a Self-Assessment Audit Tool
Authors: King Lorraine , Hirst Ruth E , Methley Abigail , Javed Humma M , Bowman Alan R , Stevens Lucy H 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveStrict competency frameworks exist for training in, and provision of, clinical neuropsychological assessment practice. However, as in all disciplines, daily clinical practice may drift from the gold standard practice without routine monitoring and audit. A simple-to-use, but thorough and evidence-based audit tool has been developed to facilitate the tracking, maintenance, and discussion of best practice over time.MethodA literature search and liaison with experienced neuropsychology colleagues did not unearth any pre-existing audit standards. Therefore, 39 new standards were generated, which were guided by best practice literature and clinical neuropsychology colleague discussions, to form the proposed self-assessment audit tool. Due to the diverse nature of services, both core and supplementary standards are proposed to enable the audit to be tailored to suit individual services’ needs.ResultsDuring its development, the tool has so far been trialed in two U.K. National Health Service clinical services in different localities, on three occasions, with a total patient population of N = 78 in order to refine the standards and to generate practice recommendations.ConclusionsThis audit tool is presented for services to self-assess their neuropsychological assessment practice. The authors plan to take this work forward with the British Psychological Society’s Division of Neuropsychology as a policy document for self-assessment and peer review. Other potential developments include contributing to clinical neuropsychology training tools and refining audit standards for use more widely, such as in pediatric services, or internationally with diverse populations.
Quantifying and correcting slide-to-slide variation in multiplexed immunofluorescence images
Authors: Harris Coleman R , McKinley Eliot T , Roland Joseph T , Liu Qi , Shrubsole Martha J , Lau Ken S , Coffey Robert J , Wrobel Julia , Vandekar Simon N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMotivationMultiplexed imaging is a nascent single-cell assay with a complex data structure susceptible to technical variability that disrupts inference. These in situ methods are valuable in understanding cell–cell interactions, but few standardized processing steps or normalization techniques of multiplexed imaging data are available.ResultsWe implement and compare data transformations and normalization algorithms in multiplexed imaging data. Our methods adapt the ComBat and functional data registration methods to remove slide effects in this domain, and we present an evaluation framework to compare the proposed approaches. We present clear slide-to-slide variation in the raw, unadjusted data and show that many of the proposed normalization methods reduce this variation while preserving and improving the biological signal. Furthermore, we find that dividing multiplexed imaging data by its slide mean, and the functional data registration methods, perform the best under our proposed evaluation framework. In summary, this approach provides a foundation for better data quality and evaluation criteria in multiplexed imaging.Availability and implementationSource code is provided at: https://github.com/statimagcoll/MultiplexedNormalization and an R package to implement these methods is available here: https://github.com/ColemanRHarris/mxnorm.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hydrosurgical and conventional debridement of burns: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Legemate Catherine M. , Kwa Kelly A. A. , Goei Harold , Pijpe Anouk , Middelkoop Esther , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Beerthuizen Gerard I. J. M. , Nieuwenhuis Marianne K. , van Baar Margriet E. , van der Vlies Cornelis H. ,   HyCon Study Group, Dokter J. , Gardien K. L. M. , Hiddingh J. , Hofland H. W. C. , Lucas Y. , Meij-de Vries A. , Nijhuis T. H. J. , Oen I. M. M. H. , Roodbergen D. T. , Scholten-Jaegers S. M. H. J. , Stoop M. , Vlig M. , Trommel N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTangential excision of burned tissue followed by skin grafting is the cornerstone of burn surgery. Hydrosurgery has become popular for tangential excision, with the hypothesis that enhanced preservation of vital dermal tissue reduces scarring. The aim of this trial was to compare scar quality after hydrosurgical versus conventional debridement before split-skin grafting.MethodsA double-blind randomized within-patient multicentre controlled trial was conducted in patients with burns that required split-skin grafting. One wound area was randomized to hydrosurgical debridement and the other to Weck knife debridement. The primary outcome was scar quality at 12 months, assessed with the observer part of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Secondary outcomes included complications, scar quality, colour, pliability, and histological dermal preservation.ResultsSome 137 patients were randomized. At 12 months, scars of the hydrosurgical debrided wounds had a lower POSAS observer total item score (mean 2.42 (95 per cent c.i. 2.26 to 2.59) versus 2.54 (95 per cent c.i. 2.36 to 2.72; P = 0.023)) and overall opinion score (mean 3.08 (95 per cent c.i. 2.88 to 3.28) versus 3.30 (95 per cent c.i. 3.09–3.51); P = 0.006). Patient-reported scar quality and pliability measurements were significantly better for the hydrosurgically debrided wounds. Complication rates did not differ between both treatments. Histologically, significantly more dermis was preserved with hydrosurgery (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOne year after surgery scar quality and pliability was better for hydrosurgically debrided burns, probably owing to enhanced histological preservation of dermis.Registration numberTrial NL6085 (NTR6232 (http://www.trialregister.nl)).
Measuring heritable contributions to Alzheimer’s disease: polygenic risk score analysis with twins
Authors: Karlsson Ida K. , Escott-Price Valentina , Gatz Margaret , Hardy John , Pedersen Nancy L. , Shoai Maryam , Reynolds Chandra A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The heritability of Alzheimer’s disease estimated from twin studies is greater than the heritability derived from genome-based studies, for reasons that remain unclear. We apply both approaches to the same twin sample, considering both Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk scores and heritability from twin models, to provide insight into the role of measured genetic variants and to quantify uncaptured genetic risk. A population-based heritability and polygenic association study of Alzheimer’s disease was conducted between 1986 and 2016 and is the first study to incorporate polygenic risk scores into biometrical twin models of Alzheimer’s disease. The sample included 1586 twins drawn from the Swedish Twin Registry which were nested within 1137 twin pairs (449 complete pairs and 688 incomplete pairs) with clinically based diagnoses and registry follow-up (Mage = 85.28, SD = 7.02; 44% male; 431 cases and 1155 controls). We report contributions of polygenic risk scores at P &lt; 1 × 10−5, considering a full polygenic risk score (PRS), PRS without the APOE region (PRS.no.APOE) and PRS.no.APOE plus directly measured APOE alleles. Biometric twin models estimated the contribution of environmental influences and measured (PRS) and unmeasured genes to Alzheimer’s disease risk. The full PRS and PRS.no.APOE contributed 10.1 and 2.4% to Alzheimer’s disease risk, respectively. When APOE ɛ4 alleles were added to the model with the PRS.no.APOE, the total contribution was 11.4% to Alzheimer’s disease risk, where APOE ɛ4 explained 9.3% and PRS.no.APOE dropped from 2.4 to 2.1%. The total genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease risk, measured and unmeasured, was 71% while environmental influences unique to each twin accounted for 29% of the risk. The APOE region accounts for much of the measurable genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease, with a smaller contribution from other measured polygenic influences. Importantly, substantial background genetic influences remain to be understood.
Regulation of lysosomal trafficking of progranulin by sortilin and prosaposin
Authors: Du Huan , Zhou Xiaolai , Feng Tuancheng , Hu Fenghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the progranulin protein is a leading cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Accumulating evidence support a crucial role of progranulin in the lysosome. Progranulin comprises 7.5 granulin repeats and is known to traffic to lysosomes via direct interactions with prosaposin or sortilin. Within the lysosome, progranulin gets processed into granulin peptides. Here, we report that sortilin and prosaposin independently regulate lysosomal trafficking of progranulin in vivo. The deletion of either prosaposin or sortilin alone results in a significant decrease in the ratio of granulin peptides versus full-length progranulin in mouse brain lysates. This decrease is further augmented by the deficiency of both prosaposin and sortilin. A concomitant increase in the levels of secreted progranulin in the serum was observed. Interestingly, while the deletion of both prosaposin and sortilin totally abolishes lysosomal localization of progranulin in neurons, it has a limited effect on lysosomal trafficking of progranulin in microglia, suggesting the existence of a novel sortilin and prosaposin independent pathway mediating progranulin lysosomal trafficking. In summary, our studies shed light on the regulation of lysosomal trafficking and processing of progranulin in vivo.
Case report: epipericardial fat necrosis—a rare cause of chest pain
Authors: van den Heuvel Frederik M A , Dimitriu-Leen Aukelien C , Habets Jesse , Nijveldt Robin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Epipericardial fat necrosis (EFN) is a rare cause of chest pain, which is often unrecognized.

Case summary
A 58-year-old man previously known with a transient ischaemic attack presented with a sharp, substernal chest pain. Pulmonary embolism was ruled out by computed tomography (CT) angiography. However, CT angiography revealed an inhomogeneous epipericardial mass. On cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, the mass had an inhomogeneous signal intensity without infiltration of surrounding tissue. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging showed subtle hyperenhancement. Tissue characterization by means of parametric mapping revealed very low native T1 relaxation times and increased T2 relaxation times. In conclusion, the epipericardial mass showed fibrofatty inflammatory markers, suggestive of EFN. The chest pain resolved spontaneously. Follow-up CT 3 months later showed a marked regression of the mass which confirmed the diagnosis EFN.

Discussion
Epipericardial fat necrosis is a benign and self-limiting inflammatory cause of chest pain, which can be diagnosed with multi-modality imaging and must not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute pleuritic chest pain.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I after coronary artery bypass grafting for post-operative decision-making
Authors: Omran Hazem , Deutsch Marcus A , Groezinger Elena , Zittermann Armin , Renner André , Neumann Johannes T , Westermann Dirk , Myles Paul , Ramosaj Burim , Pauly Markus , Scholtz Werner , Hakim-Meibodi Kavous , Rudolph Tanja K , Gummert Jan , Rudolph Volker 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Current troponin cut-offs suggested for the post-operative workup of patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are based on studies using non-high-sensitive troponin assays or are arbitrarily chosen. We aimed to identify an optimal cut-off and timing for a proprietary high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay to facilitate post-operative clinical decision-making.

Methods and results
We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing elective isolated CABG at our centre between January 2013 and May 2019. Of 4684 consecutive patients, 161 patients (3.48%) underwent invasive coronary angiography after surgery, of whom 86 patients (53.4%) underwent repeat revascularization. We found an optimal cut-off value for peak hs-cTnI of &gt;13 000 ng/L [&gt;500× the upper reference limit (URL)] to be significantly associated with repeat revascularization within 48 h after surgery, which was internally validated through random repeated sampling with 1000 iterations. The same cut-off also predicted 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality after a median follow-up of 3.1 years, which was validated in an external cohort. A decision tree analysis of serial hs-cTnI measurements showed no added benefit of hs-cTnI measurements in patients with electrocardiographic or echocardiographic abnormalities or haemodynamic instability. Likewise, early post-operative hs-cTnI elevations had a low yield for clinical decision-making and only later elevations (at 12–16 h post-operatively) using a threshold of 8000 ng/L (307× URL) were significantly associated with repeat revascularization with an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.88–0.95).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that for hs-cTnI, higher cut-offs than currently recommended should be used in the post-operative management of patients following CABG.