bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Emission from the Jets and Lobes of the Spiderweb
Authors: Carilli Christopher L. , Anderson Craig S. , Tozzi Paolo , Pannella Maurilio , Clarke Tracy , Pentericci L. , Liu Ang , Mroczkowski Tony , Miley G. K. , Rottgering H. J. , Borgani S. , Norman Colin , Saro A. , Nonino M. , Di Mascolo L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deep Chandra and Very Large Array imaging reveals a clear correlation between X-ray and radio emission on scales ∼100 kpc in the Spiderweb radio galaxy at z = 2.16. The X-ray emission associated with the extended radio source is likely dominated by inverse Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background photons by the radio-emitting relativistic electrons. For regions dominated by high surface brightness emission, such as hot spots and jet knots, the implied magnetic fields are ∼50–70 μG. The nonthermal pressure in these brighter regions is then ∼9 × 10−10 dynes cm−2, or three times larger than the nonthermal pressure derived assuming minimum energy conditions, and an order of magnitude larger than the thermal pressure in the ambient cluster medium. Assuming ram pressure confinement implies an average advance speed for the radio source of ∼2400 km s−1 and a source age of ∼3 × 107 yr. Considering the lower surface brightness, diffuse radio-emitting regions, we identify an evacuated cavity in the Lyα emission coincident with the tail of the eastern radio lobe. Making reasonable assumptions for the radio spectrum, we find that the relativistic electrons and fields in the lobe are plausibly in pressure equilibrium with the thermal gas and close to a minimum energy configuration. The radio morphology suggests that the Spiderweb is a high-z example of the rare class of hybrid morphology radio sources (or HyMoRS), which we attribute to interaction with the asymmetric gaseous environment indicated by the Lyα emission.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Understanding Ionized Gas Turbulence Using Integral Field Spectroscopy of 4500 Star-forming Disk Galaxies
Authors: Law David R. , Belfiore Francesco , Bershady Matthew A. , Cappellari Michele , Drory Niv , Masters Karen L. , Westfall Kyle B. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Bundy Kevin , Pan Kaike , Yan Renbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey MaNGA program has now obtained integral field spectroscopy for over 10,000 galaxies in the nearby universe. We use the final MaNGA data release DR17 to study the correlation between ionized gas velocity dispersion and galactic star formation rate, finding a tight correlation in which σ
Hα
from galactic H ii regions increases significantly from ∼18–30 km s−1, broadly in keeping with previous studies. In contrast, σ
Hα
from diffuse ionized gas increases more rapidly from 20–60 km s−1. Using the statistical power of MaNGA, we investigate these correlations in greater detail using multiple emission lines and determine that the observed correlation of σ
Hα
with local star formation rate surface density is driven primarily by the global relation of increasing velocity dispersion at higher total star formation rate, as are apparent correlations with stellar mass. Assuming H ii region models consistent with our finding that σ
[O III] < σ
Hα
< σ
[O I], we estimate the velocity dispersion of the molecular gas in which the individual H ii regions are embedded, finding values σ
Mol = 5–30 km s−1 consistent with ALMA observations in a similar mass range. Finally, we use variations in the relation with inclination and disk azimuthal angle to constrain the velocity dispersion ellipsoid of the ionized gas σ

z
/σ

r
= 0.84 ± 0.03 and σ

ϕ
/σ

r
= 0.91 ± 0.03, similar to that of young stars in the Galactic disk. Our results are most consistent with the theoretical models in which turbulence in modern galactic disks is driven primarily by star formation feedback.
Embedded Young Massive Star Clusters in the Antennae Merger
Authors: He Hao , Wilson Christine , Brunetti Nathan , Finn Molly , Bemis Ashley , Johnson Kelsey 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The properties of young massive clusters (YMCs) are key to understanding the star formation mechanism in starburst systems, especially mergers. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array high-resolution (∼10 pc) continuum (100 and 345 GHz) data of YMCs in the overlap region of the Antennae galaxy. We identify six sources in the overlap region, including two sources that lie in the same giant molecular cloud (GMC). These YMCs correspond well with radio sources in lower-resolution continuum (100 and 220 GHz) images at GMC scales (∼60 pc). We find most of these YMCs are bound clusters through virial analysis. We estimate their ages to be ∼1 Myr and that they are either embedded or just beginning to emerge from their parent cloud. We also compare each radio source with a Paβ source, and find they have consistent total ionizing photon numbers, which indicates they are tracing the same physical source. By comparing the free–free emission at ∼10 pc scale and ∼60 pc scale, we find that ∼50% of the free–free emission in GMCs actually comes from these YMCs. This indicates that roughly half of the stars in massive GMCs are formed in bound clusters. We further explore the mass correlation between YMCs and GMCs in the Antennae and find it generally agrees with the predictions of the star cluster simulations. The most massive YMC has a stellar mass that is 1%–5% of its host GMC mass.
The Value-added Catalog for LAMOST DR8 Low-resolution Spectra
Authors: Wang Chun , Huang Yang , Yuan Haibo , Zhang Huawei , Xiang Maosheng , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a value-added catalog containing stellar parameters estimated from 7.10 million low-resolution spectra for 5.16 million unique stars with spectral signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) higher than 10 obtained by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Galactic spectroscopic surveys. The catalog presents values of stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature T
eff, surface gravity log g, metallicity [Fe/H]/[M/H]), α-element to metal abundance ratio [α/M], carbon and nitrogen to iron abundance ratios [C/Fe] and [N/Fe], and 14 bands’ absolute magnitudes deduced from LAMOST spectra using the neural network method. The spectrophotometric distances of those stars are also provided based on the distance modulus. For stars with a spectral S/N larger than 50, precisions of T
eff, log g, [Fe/H], [M/H], [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [α/M] are 85 K, 0.098 dex, 0.05 dex, 0.05 dex, 0.052 dex, 0.082 dex, and 0.027 dex, respectively. The errors of 14 band’s absolute magnitudes are 0.16–0.22 mag for stars with a spectral S/N larger than 50. The spectrophotometric distance is accurate to 8.5% for stars with a spectral S/N larger than 50 and is more accurate than the geometrical distance for stars with a distance larger than 2.0 kpc. Our estimates of [Fe/H] are reliable down to [Fe/H] ∼−3.5 dex, significantly better than previous results. The catalog provides 26,868 unique very metal-poor star candidates ([Fe/H] ≤−2.0). The catalog would be a valuable dataset to study the structure and evolution of the galaxy, especially the solar neighborhood and the outer disk.
Optical Spectral Variations of a Large Sample of Fermi Blazars
Authors: Zhang Bing-Kai , Zhao Xiao-Yun , Wu Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the optical spectral behavior of a large sample of Fermi blazars (40 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 13 BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs)), and found two new universal optical spectral behaviors. In the low state the optical spectrum gradually becomes softer (steeper) or harder (flatter), but more and more slowly as the brightness increases, and then tends to stabilize in the high state. These are briefly named the redder-stable-when-brighter (RSWB) and bluer-stable-when-brighter (BSWB) behaviors, respectively. Thirty-four FSRQs and 7 BL Lacs exhibit clear RSWB behavior, and 2 FSRQs and 5 BL Lacs show distinct BSWB behavior, which means that FSRQs favor more RSWB than BSWB behavior, while BL Lacs have no clear preference between both behaviors. We have put forward a unified nonlinear formula to quantitatively characterize the optical spectral behaviors of FSRQs and BL Lacs, which can fit both kinds of behaviors very well. We argue that the RSWB and BSWB behaviors originate from the same mechanism, and that they are the universal optical spectral behaviors for blazars. The frequently observed redder-when-brighter and bluer-when-brighter trends can be considered to be the approximations of the RSWB and BSWB behaviors, respectively. The rarely observed stable-when-brighter trend can also be viewed as an approximation or a special case of the RSWB or BSWB behaviors. We have developed a model with two constant-spectral-index components, which cannot only explain the two kinds of optical spectral behaviors well, but also successfully interpret the differential behaviors between FSRQs and BL Lacs.
Occultation Mapping of Io’s Surface in the Near-infrared. I. Inferring Static Maps
Authors: Bartolić Fran , Luger Rodrigo , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Howell Robert R. , Rathbun Julie A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With hundreds of active volcanoes varying in intensity on different timescales, Jupiter’s moon Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Io has been observed from Earth using high-cadence near-infrared photometry during occultations by Jupiter and other Galilean moons since the 1980s. These observations encode a wealth of information about the volcanic features on its surface. We built a generative model for the observed occultation light curves using the code starry, which enables fast, analytic, and differentiable computation of occultation light curves in emitted and reflected light. Using this model, we are able to recover surface thermal emission maps of Io containing known volcanic hot spots without having to make assumptions about the locations, shapes, or number of hot spots. Our model is also directly applicable to the problem of mapping the surfaces of stars and exoplanets.
Poor Glycaemic Control and its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Southern Part of Peninsular Malaysia: A Registry-based Study
Authors: Amsah Norizzati , Md Isa Zaleha , Kassim Zaid 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern that is likely to reach a pandemic level by 2030 and is one of the leading causes of death globally. Recently, T2DM has been causing an increase in premature mortality including in developing countries.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with poor glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Segamat, Malaysia.
METHOD: The study population was selected from the National Diabetic Registry (NDR) database between June 2019 and September 2020 which included a total of 3,100 patients. General and clinical information were retrieved from the registry. Glycaemic control was categorised as good (HbA1c ≤6.5 %) or poor (HbA1c >6.5%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the factors of poor glycaemic control
RESULTS: More than half (59.2%) of the patients had poor glycaemic control. As high as 55.1% of older patients (≥60 years old) had poorer glycaemic control. Most patients with poor glycaemic control (62.0%) were obese. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (≥60 years old), ethnicity (Malay and Indian), more than 10 years of diabetes, obesity, early diabetes onset before 40 years, and dyslipidaemia were associated with poor glycaemic control.
CONCLUSION: These findings can provide the necessary guidance for the stakeholders in identifying T2DM patients at risk of poor glycaemic control so that early preventive measures and organised care can be provided for the patients.
Evaluation of entrepreneurial behavior of technology-based companies in stages of the business life cycle
Authors: Michelin Cláudia , Minello Italo Fernando , Siluk Julio Cezar , Gerhardt Vinícius , Dos Santos Jordana , Neuenfeldt Alvaro 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the entrepreneurial behavior of managers of technology-based companies in specific stages of the business life cycle.Design/methodology/approach: Structured questionnaire based on the entrepreneurial behavior characteristics was applied to the thirty-one managers of the technology-based companies mapped for the paper. The collected data were processed by the Hierarchical Process Analysis (AHP) technique in a multicriterial approach to measure the entrepreneurial behavior according stages of the business life cycle. Findings: The results of the paper show that the level of entrepreneurial behavior of managers follows the development of the company. Managers working in technology-based companies at later stages of the business life cycle showed more entrepreneurial characteristics. The results showed that the experience that the manager acquires as the company evolves influences his or her behavior and consequently the company's performance. Moreover, certain characteristics could be related to the particularities of each stage of the business life cycle. Originality: The results of this paper can provide managers with understanding of how entrepreneurial behaviors diversify according to the stage of the technology-based company. Since both entrepreneurial behavior and the stages of the business life cycle influence the performance of technology-based companies, the results provide important knowledge for managers to improve their businesses. These managers can use the contributions of the paper as a management practice throughout the stages of their existence, which may provide the adoption of more appropriate strategies, being a connection between the theory studied and the business practices.
EVALUATION OF POLICIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION IN CHINA: AN IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gan Xiaolong , Liu Lanchi , Wen Tao 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPrefabricated construction (PC) has been regarded as a critical approach to address the challenges confronted by the construction industry in achieving sustainable development. Despite the Chinese government having issued various policies to promote the development of PC, this field remains in its infancy, thus suggesting an unsatisfactory policy system. Few studies have been conducted on the policy evaluation of target stakeholders who are closely related to the policy goal. To fill this knowledge gap, this study innovatively adopts importance-performance analysis to evaluate the policies on PC development with reference to the policy framework, including environmental, demand, and supply instruments. First, the explicit importance and perceived performance levels of policy instruments were investigated through a questionnaire survey conducted in Chongqing, China. Gap analysis indicated that all these policy instruments failed to meet the demand of target stakeholders. The implicit importance of policy instruments was obtained by using partial correlation analysis. Grid analysis revealed that the policy instruments can be divided into basic, key, excitement, and secondary factors, and finally, the most crucial areas of policy improvement were determined. The results of this study indicate different policy instruments were perceived with different importance in improving the policy system of PC development, and stakeholders showed heterogeneous needs of policy instruments of PC development. Generally, all the policy instruments were perceived as negative, and more attention should be paid to the policy instruments of infrastructure construction, technical development, talent support, economic incentives, public services, and guide information. This study confirmed the applicability of importance-performance analysis in policy evaluation and provided new insights into effectively improving the efficacy of policy system in promoting the development of PC.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF STUDENTS’ AIR CONDITIONING ENERGY USE BEHAVIOR IN UNIVERSITY DORMITORIES—A CASE OF NANJING, CHINA
Authors: Tian Lingling , Xiong Lilin , Liu Hui , Mao Peng , Li Hongyang , Dai Zhaohua 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
People’s lifestyle and energy use behavior have been shown to influence the energy consumption of buildings. Since university dormitories consume a significant amount of energy, it is important to investigate the energy use behavior of students in such dormitories. The aim of this study was therefore to improve students’ energy use behavior in order to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in university dormitories. Based on a review of relevant literature, air conditioning energy use behavior was defined, and influencing factors were identified from demographic characteristics, indoor characteristics of personnel, as well as physiological and psychological factors. Students’ air conditioning energy use behavior during the summer and influencing factors of students’ energy use behavior was then revealed by an analysis of 332 respondents to a questionnaire survey. The results indicated that differences in energy use behavior are influenced by: age, major and monthly living expense of students; indoor characteristics such as the number of students in the dormitory, time spent in the dormitory, distance to an air conditioning unit; physiological factors including body comfort, clothing, and activity intensity; and psychological factors including cognition degree, values, living habits, attitude, perceived behavior control, and subjective norms. Based on these findings, suggestions for reducing energy consumed by air conditioning were proposed and intervention studies then conducted to confirm that energy use behavior had improved, with subsequent consumption savings after the intervention. This study adds to the body of knowledge in the field of energy use behavior and provides guidance for the sustainable development of green universities.
H3K27me3 Demethylase UTX Restrains Plasma Cell Formation
Authors: Kania Anna K , Price Madeline J , George-Alexander Lou-Ella , Patterson Dillon G , Hicks Sakeenah L , Scharer Christopher D , Boss Jeremy M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
B cell differentiation is associated with substantial transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic remodeling, including redistribution of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is associated with a repressive chromatin state and gene silencing. Although the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 (Enhancer of zeste homolog 2) in B cell fate decisions has been well established, it is not known whether H3K27me3 demethylation is equally important. In this study, we showed that simultaneous genetic deletion of the two H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3 (double-knockout [Utxfl/flJmjd3fl/flCd19cre/+] [dKO]) led to a significant increase in plasma cell (PC) formation after stimulation with the T cell–independent Ags LPS and NP-Ficoll. This phenotype occurred in a UTX-dependent manner as UTX single-knockout mice, but not JMJD3 single-knockout mice, mimicked the dKO. Although UTX- and JMJD3-deficient marginal zone B cells showed increased proliferation, dKO follicular B cells also showed increased PC formation. PCs from dKO mice upregulated genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and exhibited increased spare respiratory capacity. Mechanistically, deletion of Utx and Jmjd3 resulted in higher levels of H3K27me3 at proapoptotic genes and resulted in reduced apoptosis of dKO PCs in vivo. Furthermore, UTX regulated chromatin accessibility at regions containing ETS and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factor family motifs, including motifs of known repressors of PC fate. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the H3K27me3 demethylases restrain B cell differentiation.
Comparison of Reptilian Genomes Reveals Deletions Associated with the Natural Loss of γδ T Cells in Squamates
Authors: Morrissey Kimberly A , Sampson Jordan M , Rivera Megan , Bu Lijing , Hansen Victoria L , Gemmell Neil J , Gardner Michael G , Bertozzi Terry , Miller Robert D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
T lymphocytes or T cells are key components of the vertebrate response to pathogens and cancer. There are two T cell classes based on their TCRs, αβ T cells and γδ T cells, and each plays a critical role in immune responses. The squamate reptiles may be unique among the vertebrate lineages by lacking an entire class of T cells, the γδ T cells. In this study, we investigated the basis of the loss of the γδ T cells in squamates. The genome and transcriptome of a sleepy lizard, the skink Tiliqua rugosa, were compared with those of tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, the last living member of the Rhynchocephalian reptiles. We demonstrate that the lack of TCRγ and TCRδ transcripts in the skink are due to large deletions in the T. rugosa genome. We also show that tuataras are on a growing list of species, including sharks, frogs, birds, alligators, and platypus, that can use an atypical TCRδ that appears to be a chimera of a TCR chain with an Ab-like Ag-binding domain. Tuatara represents the nearest living relative to squamates that retain γδ T cells. The loss of γδTCR in the skink is due to genomic deletions that appear to be conserved in other squamates. The genes encoding the αβTCR chains in the skink do not appear to have increased in complexity to compensate for the loss of γδ T cells.
Evaluating the impact of social distancing on COVID-19 hospitalizations using interrupted time series regression
Authors: James Alecia , Malagón-Morris Rikki , Gurusinghe Shari , Roblin Patricia , Bloem Christina , Wise Tyler , Joseph Michael A. , Arquilla Bonnie , Daniel Pia 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The quasi-experimental approach of interrupted time series analysis has been used to assess public health interventions by statistically comparing preintervention and postintervention rates. In this study, we apply interrupted time series to assess the effectiveness of social distancing on COVID-19 hospitalizations in a patient population in New York City.

Materials and Methods:
An interrupted time series design was used to evaluate the impact of the New York State on PAUSE executive order (social distancing measure), on admitted COVID-19 patients, and patients on ventilators, at a single center hospital in Brooklyn, NY. Time series data were collected from March 10, 2020 to April 28, 2020 and were modeled using segmented regression analysis, assuming a 2-week delay in the intervention's effect. ARIMA forecasting was also performed to determine the projected COVID-19 hospitalizations and ventilator use in the absence of social distancing.

Results:
There was a significant change (decrease) in the upward daily trend in the mean number of COVID-19 admissions and patients on ventilators after the assumed effective date of the New York State on PAUSE mandate. For admitted patients, the coefficient of the variable “time after intervention,” or change in slope, was − 9.30 (P = 0.0009), and the corresponding value was − 2.27 (P < 0.0001) for patients on ventilators.

Conclusion:
The assumed effective period of the implementation of the New York State on PAUSE executive order was shown to be significantly correlated with decreased COVID-19 hospitalizations and ventilator use in the population measured. Similar social distancing measures should be adopted in other cities and locales that are currently seeing a surge in COVID-19 transmissions with an assumption of a 2-week delay in impact.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice.