bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Temporal Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality and Outcomes*
Authors: Morgan Ryan W. , Wolfe Heather A. , Reeder Ron W. , Alvey Jessica S. , Frazier Aisha H. , Friess Stuart H. , Maa Tensing , McQuillen Patrick S. , Meert Kathleen L. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Sharron Matthew P. , Siems Ashley , Yates Andrew R. , Ahmed Tageldin , Bell Michael J. , Bishop Robert , Bochkoris Matthew , Burns Candice , Carcillo Joseph A. , Carpenter Todd C. , Dean J. Michael , Diddle J. Wesley , Federman Myke , Fernandez Richard , Fink Ericka L. , Franzon Deborah , Hall Mark , Hehir David , Horvat Christopher M. , Huard Leanna L. , Manga Arushi , Mourani Peter M. , Naim Maryam Y. , Notterman Daniel , Pollack Murray M. , Sapru Anil , Schneiter Carleen , Srivastava Nerraj , Tabbutt Sarah , Tilford Bradley , Viteri Shirley , Wessel David , Zuppa Athena F. , Berg Robert A. , Sutton Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in adaptations to pediatric resuscitation systems of care. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal association between the pandemic and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) process of care metrics, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) quality, and patient outcomes.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective analysis of a dataset comprising observations of IHCA outcomes pre pandemic (March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021).

Setting:
Data source was the ICU-RESUScitation Project (“ICU-RESUS;” NCT028374497), a prospective, multicenter, cluster randomized interventional trial.

Patients:
Children (≤ 18 yr) who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation while admitted to the ICU and were enrolled in ICU-RESUS.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Among 429 IHCAs meeting inclusion criteria, occurrence during the pandemic period was associated with higher frequency of hypotension as the immediate cause of arrest. Cardiac arrest physiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality metrics, and postarrest physiologic and quality of care metrics were similar between the two periods. Survival with favorable neurologic outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score 1–3 or unchanged from baseline) occurred in 102 of 195 subjects (52%) during the pandemic compared with 140 of 234 (60%) pre pandemic (p = 0.12). Among survivors, occurrence of IHCA during the pandemic period was associated with a greater increase in Functional Status Scale (FSS) (i.e., worsening) from baseline (1 [0–3] vs 0 [0–2]; p = 0.01). After adjustment for confounders, IHCA survival during the pandemic period was associated with a greater increase in FSS from baseline (+1.19 [95% CI, 0.35–2.04] FSS points; p = 0.006) and higher odds of a new FSS-defined morbidity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.03–3.46]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Using the ICU-RESUS dataset, we found that relative to the year prior, pediatric IHCA during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with greater worsening of functional status and higher odds of new functional morbidity among survivors.
Statins Utilization in Adults With HIV: The Treatment Gap and Predictors of Statin Initiation
Authors: Coburn Sally B. , Lang Raynell , Zhang Jinbing , Palella Frank Joseph , Horberg Michael A. , Castillo-Mancilla Jose , Gebo Kelly , Galaviz Karla I. , Gill M. John , Silverberg Michael J. , Hulgan Todd , Elion Richard A. , Justice Amy C. , Moore Richard D. , Althoff Keri N. ,   for the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA
Published: September 2022

Background:We characterized trends in statin eligibility and subsequent statin initiation among people with HIV (PWH) from 2001 to 2017 and identified predictors of statin initiation between 2014 and 2017.Setting:PWH participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) enrolled in 12 US cohorts collecting data on statin eligibility criteria/prescriptions from 2001 to 2017.Methods:We determined the annual proportion eligible for statins, initiating statins, and median waiting time (from statin eligibility to initiation). Eligibility was defined using ATP III guidelines (2001–2013) and ACC/AHA guidelines (2014–2017). We assessed initiation predictors in 2014–2017 among statin-eligible PWH using Poisson regression, estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results:Among 16,409 PWH, 7386 (45%) met statin eligibility criteria per guidelines (2001–2017). From 2001 to 2013, statin eligibility ranged from 22% to 25%. Initiation increased from 13% to 45%. In 2014, 51% were statin-eligible, among whom 25% initiated statins, which increased to 32% by 2017. Median waiting time to initiation among those we observed declined over time. Per 10-year increase in age, initiation increased 46% (aPR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.67). Per 1-year increase in calendar year from 2014 to 2017, there was a 41% increase in the likelihood of statin initiation (aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.58).Conclusions:There is a substantial statin treatment gap, amplified by the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Measures are warranted to clarify reasons we observe this gap, and if necessary, increase statin use consistent with guidelines including efforts to help providers identify appropriate candidates.
Volumetric Pancreas Segmentation on Computed Tomography: Accuracy and Efficiency of a Convolutional Neural Network Versus Manual Segmentation in 3D Slicer in the Context of Interreader Variability of Expert Radiologists
Authors: Khasawneh Hala , Patra Anurima , Rajamohan Naveen , Suman Garima , Klug Jason , Majumder Shounak , Chari Suresh T. , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Goenka Ajit Harishkumar 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to compare accuracy and efficiency of a convolutional neural network (CNN)–enhanced workflow for pancreas segmentation versus radiologists in the context of interreader reliability.

Methods
Volumetric pancreas segmentations on a data set of 294 portal venous computed tomographies were performed by 3 radiologists (R1, R2, and R3) and by a CNN. Convolutional neural network segmentations were reviewed and, if needed, corrected (“corrected CNN [c-CNN]” segmentations) by radiologists. Ground truth was obtained from radiologists' manual segmentations using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation algorithm. Interreader reliability and model's accuracy were evaluated with Dice-Sorenson coefficient (DSC) and Jaccard coefficient (JC). Equivalence was determined using a two 1-sided test. Convolutional neural network segmentations below the 25th percentile DSC were reviewed to evaluate segmentation errors. Time for manual segmentation and c-CNN was compared.

Results
Pancreas volumes from 3 sets of segmentations (manual, CNN, and c-CNN) were noninferior to simultaneous truth and performance level estimation–derived volumes [76.6 cm3 (20.2 cm3), P < 0.05]. Interreader reliability was high (mean [SD] DSC between R2-R1, 0.87 [0.04]; R3-R1, 0.90 [0.05]; R2-R3, 0.87 [0.04]). Convolutional neural network segmentations were highly accurate (DSC, 0.88 [0.05]; JC, 0.79 [0.07]) and required minimal-to-no corrections (c-CNN: DSC, 0.89 [0.04]; JC, 0.81 [0.06]; equivalence, P < 0.05). Undersegmentation (n = 47 [64%]) was common in the 73 CNN segmentations below 25th percentile DSC, but there were no major errors. Total inference time (minutes) for CNN was 1.2 (0.3). Average time (minutes) taken by radiologists for c-CNN (0.6 [0.97]) was substantially lower compared with manual segmentation (3.37 [1.47]; savings of 77.9%–87% [P < 0.0001]).

Conclusions
Convolutional neural network–enhanced workflow provides high accuracy and efficiency for volumetric pancreas segmentation on computed tomography.
Collaborative Use of Lung Mechanics Simulation for Testing and Iterative Design for Three Emergency Use Ventilation Device Projects
Authors: Fanning Ruth M. , Gaba David M. 
Published: September 2022

Summary Statement
We describe our collaboration with engineering, clinical, and simulation colleagues to use a lung simulator (IngMar Medical ASL 5000) to aid in the development of 3 open-source ventilation devices for patients with COVID-19.
Twenty-nine test conditions were created by programming software lung models of varying disease severity in the ASL 5000 to test basic functionality, safety features, and compliance with regulatory requirements for emergency use authorization for the 3 projects' prototypes. More than 200 simulations were performed, with the design team present to enable rapid troubleshooting and design iteration in real time.
Working with 3 separate simultaneous ventilation device projects allowed us to rapidly learn from each, improving our ability to successfully collaborate with the different design/build teams.
This project illustrates the role of simulation in facilitating collaborative innovation in health care, both in emergency and everyday settings that extend beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Coverage and correlates of COVID-19 vaccination among children aged 5-11 years in Alberta, Canada
Authors: MacDonald Shannon E. , Reifferscheid Laura , Paudel Yuba Raj , Robinson Joan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn Alberta, Canada, the COVID-19 vaccination program for children aged 5-11 years opened on November 26, 2021. Our objectives were to determine the cumulative vaccine coverage, stratified by age, during the first seven months of vaccine availability, and investigate factors associated with vaccine uptake.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used population-based administrative health data to assess COVID-19 vaccination coverage among children aged 5-11 years in Alberta, Canada. We determined cumulative vaccine coverage since the time of vaccine availability and used a modified Poisson regression to evaluate factors associated with vaccine uptake.ResultsOf 377,753 eligible children, 43.8 % (n=165,429) received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine during the study period (11.2% received only one dose, while 32.5 % received 2 doses). Almost 90% of initial doses were received within the first two months of vaccine availability. Of those eligible for a second dose, only 75.1% (n=122,973) received it during the study time period. We found a step-wise relationship between increasing child age and higher vaccine coverage. Other factors associated with higher vaccine coverage included living in a neighborhood with higher income, in a more densely populated area, and in certain geographic health zones. Registration in a private school was associated with lower vaccine coverage.ConclusionsMessaging around COVID-19 vaccine safety and need should be tailored to child age, rather than uniform across the 5-11 year age range. Opportunities for targeted vaccination interventions should be considered.
Risk of lung cancer among welders and flame cutters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gupta Saptorshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe process of flame-cutting and welding is believed to highly hazardous for workers involved in related industries. The study aims to provide a comprehensive quantitative effect of the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to welding fumes.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to extract published estimates of odd’s ratio of the association of lung cancer and exposure to welding fumes, till 2022. Studies were extracted from the PubMed database with clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies from all parts of the world were considered. A meta-analysis with random effects model was conducted resulting in formation of forest plot, influence analysis, sensitivity analysis and checking for publication bias using a funnel plot.ResultsThe meta-analysis yielded an OR of 1.256 (95% CI 1.055-1.496), with a moderately high heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 68.78% ; τ2 = 0.039; Q = 36.115(p < 0.001)). The sensitivity and influence analysis confirmed the absence of highly influential studies that may have led to potentially distorted outcomes. The funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias among the studies included in this analysis.ConclusionAs the association of lung cancer and occupational hazards from exposure to welding fumes is certain, there is a need to control and regulate industrial activities that involve welding and flame cutting. Already, restrictions on safe levels of fume in workplace is in operation.
Nucleotide and structural polymorphisms of the eastern oyster genome paint a mosaic of divergence, selection, and human impacts
Authors: Puritz Jonathan B. , Zhao Honggang , Guo Ximing , Hare Matthew P. , He Yan , LaPeyre Jerome , Lotterhos Katie E. , Lundgren Kathryn Markey , Modak Tejashree , Proestou Dina , Rawson Paul , Fernandez Robledo Jose Antonio , Weedop K. Bodie , Witkop Erin , Gomez-Chiarri Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe eastern oyster,Crassostrea virginica, is a valuable fishery and aquaculture species that provides critical services as an ecosystem engineer. Oysters have a life-history that promotes high genetic diversity and gene flow while also occupying a wide range of habitats in variable coastal environments from the southern Gulf of Mexico to the southern waters of Atlantic Canada. To understand the interplay of genetic diversity, gene flow, and intense environmental selection, we used whole genome re-sequencing data from 90 individuals across the eastern United States and Gulf of Mexico, plus 5 selectively bred lines. Our data confirmed a large phylogeographic break between oyster populations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of the USA. We also demonstrated that domestication has artificially admixed genetic material between the two ocean basins, and selected lines with admixed ancestry continue to maintain heterozygosity at these sites through several generations post admixture, possibly indicating relevance to desirable aquaculture traits. We found that genetic and structural variation are high in both wild and selected populations, but we also demonstrated that, when controlling for domestication admixture across ocean basins, wild populations do have significantly higher levels of nucleotide diversity and copy number variation than selected lines. Within the Atlantic coast, we detected subtle but distinct population structure, introgression of selected lines within wild individuals, an interaction between structural variation and putatively adaptive population structure, and evidence of candidate genes responding to selection from salinity. Our study highlights the potential for applying whole genome sequencing to highly polymorphic species and provides a road map for future work examining the genome variation of eastern oyster populations.
Cardiac pericytes are necessary for coronary vasculature integrity and cardiomyocyte differentiation
Authors: Cornuault Lauriane , Hérion François-Xavier , Rouault Paul , Foussard Ninon , Alzieu Philippe , Chapouly Candice , Gadeau Alain-Pierre , Couffinhal Thierry , Renault Marie-Ange 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction: While the critical role of pericytes in maintaining vascular integrity has been extensively demonstrated in the brain and in the retina, very little is known about their role in the heart. Objective: We aim to investigate structural and functional consequences of partial pericyte depletion (about 60%) in the heart of adult mice. Methods: To deplete pericyte in adult mice, we used Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2; Rosa-DTA mice and compared their phenotype to the one of control mice (Rosa-DTA) chosen among their littermates. Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography and left ventricle (LV) catheterization one month after the first tamoxifen injection. Results: Mice depleted with pericytes displayed increased coronary endothelium leakage and activation which was associated with increased CD45 + cell infiltration in the heart. Pericyte depletion also modified the phenotype of cardiomyocytes with an increased expression of Myosin Heavy Chain 7, a decreased expression of ATPase Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Transporting 2, Connexin 43 and a decreased phosphorylation of Phospholamban suggesting cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and impaired contractility. As a consequence, mice depleted with pericytes had a reduced LV ejection fraction and an increased end-diastolic pressure demonstrating both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Accordingly, mice depleted with pericytes presented a decreased LV contractility and an increased LV relaxation time (dP/dtmin). Besides this study reveals that cardiac pericytes may undergo strong remodeling upon injury. Conclusion: Cardiac pericyte depletion induces both systolic and diastolic dysfunction suggesting that pericyte dysfunction may contribute to the occurrence of cardiac diseases.
X chromosome dosage drives statin-induced dysglycemia and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Peixiang , Munier Joseph J. , Vergnes Laurent , Wiese Carrie B. , Link Jenny C. , Abbasi Fahim , Ronquillo Emilio , Muñoz Antonio , Kuang Yu-Lin , Liu Meng , Sanchez Gabriela , Oni-Orisan Akinyemi , Iribarren Carlos , McPhaul Michael J. , Nomura Daniel K. , Knowles Joshua W. , Krauss Ronald M. , Medina Marisa W. , Reue Karen 
Published: September 2022

SummaryStatin drugs lower blood cholesterol levels for cardiovascular disease prevention. Women are more likely than men to experience adverse statin effects, particularly new-onset diabetes (NOD) and muscle weakness. We determined that female mice are more susceptible than males to glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and muscle weakness after short-term statin treatment. Lipidomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical analyses identified reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and impaired redox tone and mitochondrial respiration specifically in statin-treated female mice. Statin adverse effects could be prevented in females by complementation with a source of DHA. Statin adverse effects segregated with XX chromosome complement, and specifically dosage of the Kdm5c gene, which regulates fatty acid gene expression and has differential expression levels in females and males. In humans, we found that women experience more severe reductions than men in DHA levels after short-term statin administration, and that DHA reduction was correlated with increases in fasting glucose levels. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells derived from women, but not men, who developed NOD exhibited impaired mitochondrial function when treated with statin. Overall, our studies identify biochemical mechanisms, biomarkers, and a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to statin adverse effects, and point to DHA supplementation as a preventive co-therapy.
Generalizable electroencephalographic classification of Parkinson’s Disease using deep learning
Authors: Sugden Richard James , Diamandis Phedias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in using electroencephalography (EEG) and deep learning (DL) to aid in the diagnosis of neurological conditions like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Many existing DL approaches to classify PD from EEG data cite performance metrics in the high 90% accuracies, but may be grossly overestimating their real-word capabilities due to information-leakage between training and testing data. Our aim was to characterize the potential of deep learning for classifying PD using a conservative training approach with unseen external testing data. We used publicly available resting-state EEG data from patients with PD from two seperate centers (University of New Mexico (n = 54) and University of Iowa (n = 28)) for our training and testing sets, respectively. We implemented a channelwise convolutional neural network and tuned it using a subjectwise cross validation approach. We found that an approach commonly cited in the literature overestimated performance in excess of 20%, while our pipeline more conservatively estimated performance by epoch (accuracy: 69.2%; sensitivity: 66.5%; specificity: 72.2%) and by subject (accuracy: 77.4%, sensitivity: 76.9%, specificity: 77.8%). Moreover, we show that our model generalized well to an unseen and external testing dataset without degradation in performance by epoch (accuracy: 77.2; sensitivity: 83.5%; specificity: 71.0%) and by subject (accuracy: 83.8%, sensitivity: 88.6%, specificity: 79.0%). These results highlight the effect of information leakage and serve as a new benchmark for future generalization of DL approaches to classify PD using EEG data.
Clostridioides difficile PCR Positivity on Successive Days after Treatment Initiation
Authors: Shrestha Nabin K. , Shu Jeffrey , Shrestha Nishan K. , Gordon Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAmong 1282 patients with a positive Clostridioides difficile PCR test who were retested within 14 days, the proportion of positive tests rapidly decreased on successive days within the first week since initiation of treatment. Between days 7 and 14 after treatment initiation, approximately 25% of tests remained positive.
Colorimetric and fluorometric reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for diagnosis of SARS-COV-2
Authors: Alhamid Galyah , Tombuloglu Huseyin , Motabagani Dalal , Motabagani Dana , Rabaan Ali A. , Unver Kubra , Dorado Gabriel , Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam , Unver Turgay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide, since it infected humans almost three years ago. Improvements of current assays and development of new rapid tests or to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 are urgent. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a rapid and propitious assay, allowing to detect both colorimetric and/or fluorometric nucleic-acid amplifications. This study describes the analytical and clinical evaluation of RT-LAMP assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2, by designing LAMP primers targeting N (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein), RdRp (polyprotein), S (surface glycoprotein) and E (envelope protein) genes. The assay’s performance was compared with the gold-standard RT-PCR, yielding 94.6% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. Among the tested primer sets, the ones for S and N genes had the highest analytical sensitivity, showing results in about 20 minutes. The colorimetric and fluorometric comparisons revealed that the latter is faster than the former. The limit of detection (LoD) of RT-LAMP reaction in both assays is 50 copies/µl of reaction mixture. However, the simple eye-observation advantage of the colorimetric assay (with a color change from yellow to red) serves a promising on-site point-of-care testing method anywhere, including, for instance, laboratory and in-house applications.