bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of DSL: didactic system of learning for children with special educational needs
Authors: Hernández María Luisa Morales , González Marisol Calderón , Urquieta José David Alanis , Mora Paulo Daniel Vázquez , Lara Daniel Díaz , Aca Alan Hernández , Ruiz Hugo Enrique Reyes 
Published: June 2022

In this paper the tool DSL (SDA: Sistema Didáctico de Aprendizaje, by its acronym in Spanish) is presented. This tool was designed for the Multiple Attention Center located at Santa Ana Xalmimilulco, Huejotzingo, Puebla, with the aim to help in the in the educative process, as didactic auxiliary in the cognitive process corresponding to the subjects of math and Spanish in the center by means of automation. The main aim is the production of an educational software, focused to didactic of basic cognitive functions. This skills and abilities it is develop in an environment of special education and taking as a base the specialized bibliography of the own Multiple Attention Center. The system was done in C#, taking in advantage the object oriented programming and the interface of the environment of development. Moreover the software it was developed by means of the prototypes paradigm, using Unified Modelling Language, UML, which is a graphic language to visualize, specify, build and document a system, backed up by the OMG (object Management Group). It offer a standard in order to describe a “plane” of the system (model),including the conceptual aspects such as business process and functions of the system, and concrete aspects as expressions of programming languages, data base schemas and reusable components. The results obtained as product of the development of this system was valued by the CAM’s personal. The system developed it is found currently operating in the installations of the center. It is a software with adequate characteristics to the environment, flexible, usable and verifiable that complies with the characteristics of an educational software fully. In future works it is could achieve the realization of software packages portables to other platforms and adaptable to run into web.
Les procédures d’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique en République Centrafricaine
Authors: Ngana Félix 
Published: June 2022

En République Centrafricaine, l’Etat détient le pouvoir d’exproprier une personne physique ou morale d’un bien foncier. Cette pratique se justifie par la mise en œuvre des Projets d’Intérêt Général dont l’Etat seul est garant. La corruption n’est pas absente dans le mécanisme. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à analyser les procédures d’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique en Centrafrique et relever les cas de corruption quand il s’agit d’indemniser les victimes. Les méthodes analytique et descriptive ont été utilisées pour la réalisation de ce travail. La consultation des documents juridiques appuyés par des enquêtes et des entretiens dans les services concernés ont permis de collecter les données relatives à cette recherche. Les textes de loi sur l’expropriation ont été examinés en vue de distinguer la responsabilité de l’autorité administrative de celle de l’autorité judiciaire. La procédure comporte une phase administrative et une phase judiciaire. La procédure administrative englobe les enquêtes sur la zone à dégagée et la population à exproprier en vue de l’élaboration de l’acte annonçant l’utilité publique en fonction de l’Article 2 de la Loi 61.262. La procédure judiciaire permet de résoudre les litiges sur l’expropriation et les mécanismes de l’indemnisation. Le Juge Civil intervient dans ce cadre conformément à l’Article 4, de la Loi 61.262 du 23 Décembre 1961. C’est à deux phases qu’il aura à intervenir : pour le transfert de la propriété privée en propriété publique et pour la fixation de l’indemnité. L’Etat utilise le terme de « retour au domaine » pour les terrains attribués et non mis en valeur après 5 ans. Cette disposition est à l’origine de plusieurs exemples d’expropriation à problème même pour les investisseurs internationaux. D’autres formes d’expropriation sont pratiquées en violation du droit de propriété de la population vulnérable. Il s’agit des Pygmées qui sont expropriés pour cause d’exploitation forestière et les groupes armés qui expulsent les gens par la force sur leurs patrimoines fonciers. Cet article vise à fournir des informations sur les démarches que mène l’administration publique pour procéder à l’expropriation et les problèmes que pose l’indemnisation dans un pays post-conflit comme la République Centrafricaine.
لماذا لم يتشيّع المصريون تحت الحكم الفاطمي؟
Authors: MAHMOUD Ramy 
Published: June 2022

يعتبر التاريخ الفاطمي أحد الفترات الأساسية للتاريخ الإسلامي لمصر، فلا نستطيع أن نتحدّث عن الحاضرة الثقافية لمصر مدينة القاهرة، دون ذكر مؤسسها جوهر الصقلي قائد الخليفة الفاطمي المعز لدين الله الفاطمي، فهو الذي بنى مدينة القاهرة لتكون الحاضنة الأولى للفاطميين وجهزها لمجيء المعز الفاطمي، وينطبق الأمر نفسه على الجامع الأزهر، الذي منذ تأسيسه حتى الآن اكتسب شهرة عالمية في العالم الإسلامي، على مر المراحل التاريخية، أضف إلى هذا الكثير من الآثار الفاطمية المنتشرة في القاهرة القديمة كالجوامع والمدارس والأزقة، فكل هذا يظهر عند التحدّث عن مصر بشكل عام وعن مصر الإسلامية بشكل خاص.
لقد سعى الفاطميون في الاستيلاء على القطر المصري كثيرًا حيث قامت حملتان عسكريتان من شمال إفريقيا إلى مصر باءت كلٌّ منهما بالفشل، ثم نجحت الحملة الثالثة بقيادة جوهر الصقلي بعد أن أعدَّ الخليفة الفاطمي المعزّ العدة هذه المرة ورتّب الجيش ترتيبًا جيدًا، وكان قد سبق ذلك بإرسال دعاة إلى هذه الجغرافيا عن طريق مدينة الإسكندرية وغيرها، يبشرون بزوال الدولة الإخشيدية ومجيء المنقذ من هذا الظلم والركود الاقتصادي الذي وقعت تحته مصر، وبعد أن وصل جوهر الصقلي القائد الفاطمي أسس مدينة القاهرة كي تستقبل الخليفة الفاطمي، ثم من بعده الجامع الأزهر، وقام بعدة إجراءات يحاول من خلالها إعلان السيطرة الفاطمية على القطر المصري.

هل سعى الفاطميون في فرض المذهب الشيعي الإسماعيلي على المصريين؟ نسعى من خلال هذا البحث في الإجابة على هذا السؤال، ولكي نصل إلى نتيجة سليمة، تطرَّق البحث أولا إلى إلقاء الضوء على التاريخ المذهبي لمصر قبل الدخول الفاطمي، كي يرى البحث ما نوع الميول الاعتقادية لدى المصريين في هذه الفترة، سنيّة كانت أو شيعية، ثم عرّج على الدخول الفاطمي لمصر؛ مركِّزًا على أهم الأحداث التي قام بها الفاطميون يظهر من خلالها أنهم كانوا يسعون بالفعل لفرض المذهب الإسماعيلي على المصريين، عن أن تأسيس القاهرة كان الهدف من ورائه أن تكون هذه المدينة مركزًا للإشعاع الإسماعيلي، فإن الجامع الأزهر وما لحقه من مكتبة احتوت على خزائن التراث الإسماعيلي مثَّل مركز انطلاق للفكر الإسماعيلي، وكانت الكتب الإسماعيلية تدرّس فيه بانتظام على يد الكثير من علماء الاعتقاد على رأسهم القاضي النعمان، وكانت عائلة القاضي تتولّى السيطرة الدعوية والعلمية والقضائية في البلاد.
لقد سعى وفدٌ من المصريين في أن يحصلوا على عهد من القائد الفاطمي جوهر الصقلي، يطمئنهم ويزيل مخاوفهم خاصة فيما يتعلق بمعتقداتهم وأمورهم الدينية، وبالفعل أصدر القائد الفاطمي هذا العهد الذي تضمّن الكثير من الأمور تطمئن المصريين، من بينها أن الصحابة من أجلِّ الناس عكس المعتقد الشيعي المشهور وأن كلا سيترك على معتقده، لكن ما لبث هذا العهد حتى اخترمته الكثير من الأمور.
يركّز بحثنا هنا على هذه الأمور التي كانت في غالبها شد وجذب، انقسم البحث إلى ثلاث نقاطٍ أساسية الأولى التاريخ المذهبي لمصر قبل الدخول الفاطمي، والثاني محاولات فرض المذهب الشيعي على المصريين، أما النقطة الأخيرة هي المقاومة أو الأمور التي حدثت عرقلة هذا الفرض، وكانت سببا في أن جعلت انحسار التأثير الفاطمي على الأبنية والجوامع والآثار الفاطمية
CHLORINE CONTENTS AND BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SWIMMING POOLS WATER IN JAYAPURA
Authors: Kurniawan Fajar Bakti , Wima Krisna Alfreda Yulianus , Asrianto Asrianto , Taufik Sahli Indra , J Imbiri Meidy , Hartati Risda , Purwati Rina , H Wardhani Afika , Sabrina Sitompul Loly 
Published: June 2022

Chlorine is a chemical that functions as water disinfection, often used in swimming pools to kill microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria in the water. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between chlorine levels, and microbiological quality in swimming pool water in Jayapura City. This type of research is descriptive research with a cross-sectional design. Determination of residual chlorine content, and microbiological quality in this study was carried out using Spectrophotometry, and MPN Test methods. The results showed that the chlorine content of the swimming pool Wa 5.00 mg/l, Fu 0.23 mg/l, and Aj 0.13 mg/l. The examination of the coliform bacteria population showed that the MPN value in Wa coliform swimming pool water was 0/100 ml, and coliform stools were 0/100 ml. Swimming pool Fu coliform as much as 91/100 ml, and fecal coliform as much as 23 /100 ml. Swimming pool Aj coliform as much as >1100/100 ml, and fecal coliform as 20/100 ml. This study concludes that the chlorine levels in the Wa swimming pools, and the MPN swimming pools of Fu, and Aj are not under the Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 years 2017.
Keywords : Coliform, Swimming pool, MPN
The CORRELATION BETWEEN 3-D MAGNETOTELLURIC INVERSION MODEL WITH DRILLING DATA IN PATUHA GEOTHERMAL FIELD
Authors: Iskandar Chevy , Daud Yunus 
Published: June 2022

The Patuha geothermal field is located in West Java Province, Indonesia and developed by state owned company PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero). The Commercial Operation Date (COD) for Patuha was in September 2014 with plant capacity of 1x60 MW. Until now, Patuha Unit I geothermal field has been running for almost 7 years. The current production wells have experienced a natural decline, which is showed by a reduction in production capacity to the initial production. This causes the steam supply to the Power Plant Unit I to be not optimal, so a make-up well program is needed. Furthermore, to support the addition of electricity production capacity from geothermal energy in Indonesia, the development of the Patuha Geothermal Field is planned to be carried out for the next Power Plant Unit’s expansion (Unit 2 and Unit 3). Nevertheless, determining the location for both make-up and development drilling might still pose high risks. This is especially because the development area (where production and injection wells are located) is only concentrated in the eastern area of the contract area. Geophysical data especially Magnetotelluric (MT) has an indispensable role considering the limited data and the limited number of existing wells that cover the entire Patuha prospect area. To understanding the subsurface feature and see the correlation between MT model with well results in Patuha Geothermal Field, MT and TDEM survey were conducted in the eastern and western parts of Patuha area with total 100 stations. Considering the complexity of the subsurface condition in volcanic area, 3-D inversion of the MT data will be the most representative approach to investigate geothermal system in Patuha Geothermal Field. An obvious subsurface resistivity distribution revealed by the 3-D inversion showed a good agreement with well results especially in mapping the temperature distribution both vertically and horizontally. Generally, the resistivity distribution consists of a conductive zone (1–10 ohm-m) at the shallow part overlying a reservoir zone with a rather higher resistivity range (20–60 ohm-m). The conductive zone (<10 ohm-m) is correlated with Base of Conductor (BOC) of the wells that indicated by the presence of the argillic mineral. Meanwhile, the resistivity value around 15-20 ohm-m is correlated with Top of Reservoir of the production or injection well which is characterized by the presence of a convective temperature. In addition, from the results of resistivity mapping there is a very good correlation also in determining of reservoir boundary which is characterized by the presence of reverse temperature from the well. These results can be used as a guidance for better development strategy and drilling prognosis for the next drilling campaign especially in the area which limited number of wells.
Pengaruh Interval Pemberian Konsorsium Bakteri Endofit dan Jenis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis
Authors: Heru Waskito  , Eny Wahyuning Purwanti  , Iqomatus Sa’diyyah  , Budianto  
Published: June 2022

Jagung manis sebagai komoditas penting dan selalu diminati konsumen karena rasa manis serta kandungan nutrisi dimilikinya. Tanaman ini dapat tumbuh pada hampir seluruh jenis tanah terutama yang menggunakan olah tanam minimum yang mampu menyediakan kebutuhan hara dengan baik. Pentingnya pemberian pupuk kandang untuk perbaikan kadar hara dalam tanah diharapkan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hara jagung manis yang ditanam di lahan yang memiliki frekuensi tinggi untuk penanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi tanaman jagung manis pada perbedaan interval aplikasi konsorsium bakteri endofit dan penggunaan berbagai jenis pupuk organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bedali, Kecamatan Lawang, Kabupaten Malang yang berlangsung mulai bulan Agustus 2019 sampai Desember 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis pupuk kandang sedangkan faktor kedua adalah interval pemberian konsorsium bakteri endofit. Hasil pengukuran bobot tongkol menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi pupuk kandang sapi dan interval aplikasi konsorsium bakteri endofit dengan interval 5 hari sekali, menunjukkan hasil paling baik. Bobot per tongkol berkisar antara 203 gram sampai dengan 225 gram. Jika dikonversikan dalam bedengan (9 m2 populasi tanaman 60 tanaman) proyeksi hasilnya adalah 13,5 kg atau dalam luasan 1 ha sekitar 15 ton per ha.
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Karakter Agronomi Beberapa Varietas True Shallot Seed di Tanah Vertisol
Authors: Rajiman  , Ananti Yekti  , Sari Megawati  , Arif Anshori  
Published: June 2022

Permintaan bawang merah yang meningkat membutuhkan terobosan teknologi peningkatan produktivitas, termasuk di tanah vertisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil True Shallot Seed di tanah vertisol. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Plembutan, Kapanewon Playen, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul pada September-Desember 2021 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial 3 ulangan. Faktor Pertama adalah dosis pupuk kandang sapi (T); T1 = 10 ton/ha; T2 = 20 ton/ha; dan T3 = 30 ton/ha. Faktor kedua adalah Varietas (V): V1 = Maserati, V2 = Lokananta, dan V3 = Sanren. Parameter pengamatan adalah tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun 3, 5 dan 7 mst, bobot segar dan bobot kering oven 6 mst, serta produktivitas. Data dianalisis dengan anova dan DMRT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis pupuk kandang sapi tidak nyata berinteraksi dengan varietas TSS pada semua parameter. Peningkatan dosis pupuk kandang sapi nyata berpengaruh terhadaap jumlah daun 7 mst, bobot segar tanaman 6 mst, tetapi tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman 3-7, jumlah daun 3 dan 5 mst, bobot kering oven 6 mst dan produktivitas. Produktivitas bawang merah yang terbaik diperoleh pada dosis pupuk kandang sapi 30 ton/ha. Varietas TSS nyata mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman 3-7 dan jumlah daun 7 mst, bobot segar dan bobot kering oven 6 mst, tetapi tidak nyata pada jumlah daun 3 dan 5 mst dan produktivitas. Produktivitas tertinggi pada varietas Lokananta, diikuti Sanren dan Maserati.
Physiological Response of Etawa Goats by Offering Complete Feed Containing Flour of Various Types of Banana Plant Weevil
Authors: Purwanta  , Bangkit Lutfiaji Syaefullah  , Aswandi  
Published: June 2022

The objective of this research was to observe the Physiological response of Etawa goats which are given complete feed containing flour of various types of banana plant weevil. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design with treatment in the form of 6 complete types of feed with different formulations, consisting of T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 containing different varieties of banana weevil flour and control treatment (T0). Each treatment in this study was repeated 5 times, so that in total there were 30 experimental units. The media used in this study the form of rumen fluid taken from 30 (thirty) Etawa goats were given a complete feed containing banana weevil flour for 90 days, the Etawa goats used were 30 male. The rumen liquid is sucked using a vacuum pump. Etawa goat mean initial body weight, 18.89 ± 1.87 kg (CV: 12.32%) aged 15-18 months. Livestock are given complete feed containing banana weevil flour for 90 days. Loss-shaped cage measuring 24 mx 6 m as many as 2 units of cages, with a stage-floored construction as high as 140 cm from the ground, inside the cage there is an experimental cage plot measuring 1 x 1 m with a height of 130 cm for Etawa goats. Variables pH, Acetic Acid (mM), Propionic (mM), Butyric Acid (mM) and C2/C3 ratio. Complete feed containing various banana weevil flours had no significant effect on (P> 0.05), while Acid Acetic, Propionic Acid were significantly different (P<0.01).
Tipologi Kebun Campuran Petani Tradisional Hatam di Pegunungan Arfak
Authors: Indrawati  , Sumarno  , Zaenal Kusuma  , Bambang Tri Raharjo  
Published: June 2022

Penelitian yang bersubyek pada petani tradisional Arfak dari Subsuku Hatam telah dilaksanakan di Kampung Syoubri, Kwau dan Mokwam Distrik Warmare Kabupaten Manokwari yang bertujuan mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan tipologi kebun campuran petani Hatam eksisting dan permasalahannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei deskriptif yang didesain menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik yang dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat terkait fakta-fakta, karakteristik serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diteliti. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah primary methods yang menggunakan beberapa teknik sekaligus seperti teknik partisipasi, observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dan studi literasi/pustaka (Morrisan, 2016). Jumlah sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 5 orang per kampung dan menggunakan teknik sampling bola salju mengingat subyek penelitian bersifat homogen (Yunus, 2010).Variabel yang diamati adalah karakteristik kebun campuran meliputi lama bera, luas lahan, jenis tanaman, cara bercocok tanam, produksi, dan pemasaran.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebun campuran petani tradisional Hatam saat ini termasuk dalam tipologi agroforesti sederhana semi subsisten, yang dicirikan dengan masa bera 2 -5 tahun, terbatasnya jenis tanaman yang ditanam, terdiri dari tanaman hortikultura dan tanaman pangan semusim, tidak menggunakan input kimia, tanpa olah tanah dan pola tanam tidak teratur, produksi terbatas dengan kualitas yang rendah dimana hasil kebun separuh untuk kebutuhan sendiri dan lainnya untuk dijual. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi antara lain pendapatan rendah dari hasil kebun, meningkatnya kebutuhan ekonomi, rendahnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani karena belum adanya pembinaan yang intens dari Dinas terkait, terbatasnya lahan pertanian potensial yang dapat dikelola, faktor resiko kegagalan panen cukup tinggi akibat bencana alam dan ketiadaan lembaga tataniaga yang membantu pemasaran produk petani.
Karaktererősségek a nyelvórán – Pozitív pszichológiai intervenciók az egyetemi nyelvoktatási gyakorlatban
Authors: Valóczi Marianna 
Published: June 2022

A nyelvoktatás módszertanának nagy kihívása, hogy hogyan tudjuk a nyelvtanulók képességeit minél eredményesebben kibontakoztatni, köztük a jelenleg az oktatásban és a munkaerőpiacon is fókuszban lévő XXI. századi képességeket. A pozitív pszichológia képviselői rámutattak, hogy a pszichés jóllét hatékonyabb tanulási folyamatot eredményez (Seligman et al., 2009), így vélhetően a pozitív pszichológia elméleti elgondolásai és gyakorlati intervenciói az oktatás, így a nyelvoktatás területén is érvényesek lehetnek. A karaktererősségek fejlesztésére szolgáló pozitív pszichológiai intervenciók egy jól alkalmazható keretrendszert jelentenek, amelyek pozitívan hatnak az egyéni, illetve csoportos jóllét összetevőire, például az élettel való elégedettségre, a belső motivációra, a stresszkezelésre, a megküzdésre, a feladat iránti elkötelezettségre, a csoportban való együttműködésre és a rezilienciára (Cable et al., 2015; Harzer-Ruch, 2015; Meyers & Van Woerkom, 2016).
A tanulmány célja, hogy szakirodalmi áttekintéssel bemutassa a pozitív pszichológia eszme- áramlatának főbb irányvonalait és az ebből kiinduló pozitív pedagógiai hatásrendszer alapgondola- tait, majd megvizsgálja a pozitív pszichológia egyik központi fogalmát, a karaktererősségeket és az ezekre épülő, az oktatásban alkalmazható intervenciókat, amelyeknek hatékonysága kutatásokkal igazolt. A tanulmány kitér arra is, hogy a karaktererősségekre építő pozitív pszichológiai interven- ciókat hogyan lehet a nyelvoktatásban, a nyelvórai gyakorlatban alkalmazni, a középiskolás-egyete- mista korosztály viszonylatában.
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS): Prenatal Diagnosis and Perinatal Intervention – A Case Report
Authors: Mohd Baki Addina , Wan Draman Wan Nur Anis , Ismail Hashimah , Mohamad Irfan 
Published: June 2022

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare life-threatening fetal anomaly which occurs as a result of either partial or complete obstruction of the upper fetal airway. Prenatal recognition is important for multidisciplinary team management. We present a case with CHAOS diagnosed antenatal imaging and the baby was delivered via ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure. The airway managed to be secured via tracheostomy while maintaining the fetus on feto-placental circulation. However, oxygen saturation started to decline despite successfully securing the upper airway. Unfortunately, we lost the baby despite active resuscitation possibly due to insufficient lung function secondary to chronic obstruction prenatally.
Double Tongue Appearance of Huge Ranula
Authors: Zamaili Ahmad Mahfuz , Abdul Mohsin Abdul Hafeez Asyraf , Che Yusop Che Yusfarina , Mohamad Irfan 
Published: June 2022

A ranula is a cystic, translucent lesion usually seen on the floor of the mouth. It usually occurs unilaterally, and bilateral occurrences are extremely rare. We report a case of a young girl presented huge cystic lesion on the floor of mouth diagnosed clinically as simple ranula resembling a double tongue appearance. It is associated with mild discomfort when chewing and speaking. She was successfully managed via aspiration of the ranula under local anaesthesia in a clinic setting. This case highlights the role of aspiration of ranula, which is important for immediate relief of symptoms.
Learning Arabic as an L2
Authors: Desriwita Elni , Ahmad Lahmi  , Riki Saputra  
Published: June 2022

Arabic as a foreign language for Indonesians is an important part, but in reality learning Arabic as L2 is faced with various serious problems, this is further exacerbated by the learning carried out in Covid-19. This research aims to reveal the impact of online learning on learners' Arabic language skills particularly on aspects of speaking skills. This research is carried out with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques are carried out with observations, interviews and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study, it was found that online learning greatly impacted the speaking competence Arabic language. Learning Arabic as L2 in boarding schools that are carried out online causes many learners who do not hear both arabic words and sentences spoken by teachers, the desire to repeat the teacher's speech and students are afraid because it is not clear what will be said. This reality may be due to inadequate and inaccuracy in the selection of media, but from the existing data the ability of learners to speak using Arabic does not show an increase. The recommendation of this study is that learning Arabic as L2 should maximize offline learning forms.