bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria
Authors: Till Benedikt , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Background
Unwillingness to get vaccinated against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major barrier in managing the pandemic. Previous studies have explored predictors of hesitancy to be vaccinated against COVID-19, but evidence on these predictors was partly mixed, and the number of assessed predictors was often limited. This study aimed to explore a wide range of potential predictors of vaccine hesitancy in a population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods
We assessed associations of vaccine hesitancy with individuals’ fears about the future, social media use, and sociodemographics in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Data were collected via online questionnaires in a population-based cross-sectional study with 4018 respondents representative of the Austrian adult population between October and December 2020.

Results
Vaccine hesitancy was predicted by freedom-related fears (i.e., fears regarding the political situation, particularly loss of personal freedoms), but were negatively associated with health-related fears (i.e., fears about physical or mental health) and society-related fears (i.e., fears regarding societal issues such as solidarity, distance learning, and isolation). Social media use as well as female gender, younger age, lower education, lower income, and living in rural regions were further predictors of vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion
The study confirms that public health efforts targeting unvaccinated persons need to address freedom-related fears and social media discourse in order to improve vaccine uptake in the population. Particularly individuals in socially and economically disadvantaged groups and social media users need to be targeted to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Smartphone-based digital image colorimetry for the determination of vancomycin in drugs
Authors: Mermer Karolina , Paluch Justyna , Kozak Joanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple smartphone-based digital image colorimetry is proposed for the determination of vancomycin in drugs. The analytical method relied on the reaction of vancomycin with copper(II) in ethanol–water medium with pH 4.3. The reaction resulted in the formation of a blue–grey complex, presenting an absorption maximum at 555 nm. A mobile application was used for smartphone-based analysis to decompose the individual channels of the colour model representations. The determination was performed using three smartphones followed by a comparison of the outcomes with spectrophotometric measurements. The most optimal analytical parameters were achieved for the H channel. The linear ranges obtained for the smartphone-based method proved to be comparable to the spectrophotometric range of 0.044–1.500 g dm−3 and were 0.049–1.500 g dm−3, 0.057–1.500 g dm−3, and 0.040–1.500 g dm−3 for Smartphones 1–3, respectively. Moreover, the determined coefficients of variance (CV, n = 9) and limits of detection (LOD) were 2.3% and 0.015 g dm−3, 6.2% and 0.017 g dm−3, and 2.5% and 0.012 g dm−3, respectively. Whereas for spectrophotometry, the obtained precision, CV was of 0.9% and a LOD of 0.013 g dm−3. The accuracy of the method was verified using model samples, generally the results were obtained with accuracy better than 10.9% (relative error). The method was applied to the determination of vancomycin in drugs. The results obtained by smartphone-based colorimetry did not differ from the expected values for more than 2.6%, were consistent with each other and with the results of spectrophotometric determinations.
Graphical abstract
Education of complementary and alternative medicine in adult education centers in Germany: a web-based survey
Authors: Ott Kai-Uwe , Keinki Christian , Kaesmann Lukas , Huebner Jutta 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Background
Adult education centers are an important part of health education worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate the courses offered by German adult education centers with regard to complementary medicine and nutrition.

Methods
A systematic web-based search was done for the websites of German adult education centers and courses were analyzed considering topics, scientific soundness, and qualification of instructors.

Results
Our search revealed 502 courses, 360 (71.7%) related to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and 176 courses on nutrition (35.1%). CAM courses most often presented methods with a focus on traditional Eastern medicine with yoga and similar mind–body practices (41.9%), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM; 13.3%), and ayurvedic medicine (11.4%). Content concerning nutrition mainly included controversial fasting methods like alkaline fasting, detox diets, and therapeutic fasting (43.8%), as well as Eastern traditional diets from TCM and ayurveda (21.7%). Most of the courses were given by non-medical practitioners (NMPs; 36.4%), while only very few physicians were engaged.

Conclusion
There are substantial doubts on the scientific background of many courses offered for lay adult health education. Besides direct misinformation, many courses reinforce alternative and non-evidence-based notions in society. Adult education centers should reconsider the topics of their courses as well as the professional qualifications of the instructors.
Implementation Science for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV among Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vorkoper Susan , Tahlil Kadija M. , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Tucker Joseph D. , Livinski Alicia A. , Fernando Frances , Sturke Rachel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite many evidence-based adolescent and young adult (AYA) HIV interventions, few are implemented at scale in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A growing implementation science literature provides important context for scaling up AYA HIV interventions in this high HIV-burden region. This scoping review examined the use of implementation research in AYA HIV studies conducted in SSA. We searched five databases and included articles which focused on AYA (10–24 years old), addressed HIV prevention or treatment, were conducted exclusively in SSA countries, and included an implementation science outcome. We included 44 articles in 13 SSA countries. Most were in East (52.3%) and South Africa (27.3%), and half focused exclusively on HIV prevention components of the care continuum. Acceptability and feasibility were the most cited implementation science outcomes. Only four articles used an established implementation science framework. The findings informed our recommendations to guide the design, implementation, and dissemination of further studies and health policymaking.
The Polar Fox Lagoon in Siberia harbours a community of Bathyarchaeota possessing the potential for peptide fermentation and acetogenesis
Authors: Berben Tom , Forlano Bó Franco , in ‘t Zandt Michiel H. , Yang Sizhong , Liebner Susanne , Welte Cornelia U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArchaea belonging to the phylum Bathyarchaeota are the predominant archaeal species in cold, anoxic marine sediments and additionally occur in a variety of habitats, both natural and man-made. Metagenomic and single-cell sequencing studies suggest that Bathyarchaeota may have a significant impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either through direct production of methane or through the degradation of complex organic matter that can subsequently be converted into methane. This is especially relevant in permafrost regions where climate change leads to thawing of permafrost, making high amounts of stored carbon bioavailable. Here we present the analysis of nineteen draft genomes recovered from a sediment core metagenome of the Polar Fox Lagoon, a thermokarst lake located on the Bykovsky Peninsula in Siberia, Russia, which is connected to the brackish Tiksi Bay. We show that the Bathyarchaeota in this lake are predominantly peptide degraders, producing reduced ferredoxin from the fermentation of peptides, while degradation pathways for plant-derived polymers were found to be incomplete. Several genomes encoded the potential for acetogenesis through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, but methanogenesis was determined to be unlikely due to the lack of genes encoding the key enzyme in methanogenesis, methyl-CoM reductase. Many genomes lacked a clear pathway for recycling reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogen metabolism was also hardly found: one type 4e [NiFe] hydrogenase was annotated in a single MAG and no [FeFe] hydrogenases were detected. Little evidence was found for syntrophy through formate or direct interspecies electron transfer, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the metabolism of these organisms.
Analysis of floor-to-column pounding of buildings founded on different soil types
Authors: Miari Mahmoud , Jankowski Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the soil type on buildings experiencing floor-to-column pounding during earthquakes. Five buildings with 4-storeys, 6-storeys, and 7-storeys were considered. Three types of the 4-storey building with different total heights were taken into account which leads to floor-to-column pounding at 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the height of the impacted column. Two pounding scenarios were considered, i.e. pounding between the 4-storey and 6-storey buildings (three cases when collisions occur at 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the height of the impacted column) and pounding between the 4-storey and 7-storey buildings (three cases when collisions occur at 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the height of the impacted column). In the first part of this study, the shear demands of the columns at the contact area were studied and compared with the no pounding case to investigate the effect of the floor-to-column pounding. Then, the shear demands of the columns at the contact area were studied for buildings founded on different soil types to investigate the effect of the soil type on the structural response. The results of this study illustrate that the shear demands of the impacted column significantly increase due to collisions and it exceeds the shear strength in all cases. Moreover, impacted column experiences higher shear demands for buildings founded on the soft clay soil, then for buildings founded on the stiff soil, then for buildings founded on very dense soil and soft rock, and finally for buildings founded on the rock and hard rock.
Mutual Intersection Points of Reduced Collision Integrals for Lennard–Jones (n-m), Hulburt–Hirschfelder, and Tang–Toennies Potential Energy Functions
Authors: Hohm Uwe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the reduced collision integrals $$\Omega ^{(\ell ,s)*}(T^*)$$

Ω

(
ℓ
,
s
)

∗

(

T
∗

)

for $$1 \le \ell \le 4$$

1
≤
ℓ
≤
4

, $$\ell \le s \le 7$$

ℓ
≤
s
≤
7

and $$\ell + s \le 8$$

ℓ
+
s
≤
8

for several isotropic potential energy functions: the Lennard–Jones $$(n-m)$$

(
n
-
m
)

, the Hulburt–Hirschfelder, and Tang–Toennies potential. It is observed that for a given $$\ell$$
ℓ
and s, $$\Omega ^{(\ell ,s)*}(T^*)$$

Ω

(
ℓ
,
s
)

∗

(

T
∗

)

shows a mutual intersection region at a reduced temperature $$0.39< T^*=T^*_{\ell s} < 2.22$$

0.39
<

T
∗

=

T

ℓ
s

∗

<
2.22

which is nearly independent of the potential energy function used.
Parallelization of Swarm Intelligence Algorithms: Literature Review
Authors: de Melo Menezes Breno Augusto , Kuchen Herbert , Buarque de Lima Neto Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSwarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms are frequently applied to tackle complex optimization problems. SI is especially used when good solutions are requested for NP hard problems within a reasonable response time. And when such problems possess a very high dimensionality, a dynamic nature, or present intrinsic complex intertwined independent variables, computational costs for SI algorithms may still be too high. Therefore, new approaches and hardware support are needed to speed up processing. Nowadays, with the popularization of GPU and multi-core processing, parallel versions of SI algorithms can provide the required performance on those though problems. This paper aims to describe the state of the art of such approaches, to summarize the key points addressed, and also to identify the research gaps that could be addressed better. The scope of this review considers recent papers mainly focusing on parallel implementations of the most frequently used SI algorithms. The use of nested parallelism is of particular interest, since one level of parallelism is often not sufficient to exploit the computational power of contemporary parallel hardware. The sources were main scientific databases and filtered accordingly to the set requirements of this literature review.
Mothers’ Experiences Post-Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Davies Jenny , O’Connor Moira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvery year in Australia, ~770 children aged under 15 years of age are diagnosed with cancer. Due to the increasing incidence and survival rates of paediatric cancer more families are contending with life post-childhood cancer. Research has demonstrated that mothers of children with cancer experience significant psychological distress. Our study explored the lived experiences of mothers of children diagnosed with cancer after completion of treatment. We recruited participants via notices distributed at a childhood cancer support group and on childhood cancer social media sites. The sample consisted of 14 mothers (aged 35–57 years, M = 45) whose children had completed treatment. Children’s age at diagnosis ranged from 14 months to 16 years old, 57% (n = 8) were male and 42% (n = 6) female. Our study employed a qualitative design using a phenomenological approach. Mothers participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Six themes were identified: cast adrift; fear never ends; guilt and loss (containing two sub-themes: siblings: ongoing guilt & lost opportunities; lack of self-care; everything is different (containing three sub-themes: lost connections; reassessment; and peer support); and a way forward. Our findings suggest mothers experience substantial negative effects. They often struggled to manage complex emotions and develop a new way of ‘mothering’ their children following cancer treatment. Mothers feared relapse and late effects and felt guilt about impact on siblings. These findings contribute to an understanding of mothers’ lived experience of childhood cancer, highlighting the need to improve post-treatment services. Findings can be used to formulate improvements in end of treatment.
On amine treated polyoxymethylene (POM) blends with low formaldehyde emission for metal injection moulding (MIM)
Authors: Lim Keemi , Hayat Muhammad Dilawer , Jena Kumar Debajyoti , Zhang Wen , Cao Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen polyoxymethylene (POM)—a common polymer used in metal injection moulding feedstock—is exposed to heat and oxygen during compounding, it can be easily decomposed, releasing undesired gaseous formaldehyde products. In order to reduce the formaldehyde emission from POM, amine treatment was performed. The effectiveness of propylamine at different concentrations and its role as a formaldehyde scavenger was studied via the UV–vis Spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infra-red, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and melt flow index. The results proved that a simple amine, such as propylamine, is a promising candidate for scavenging formaldehyde in POM. It is also demonstrated that the best concentration of propylamine is 2 wt.% (POM-PA2) with a minimum formaldehyde emission of 1.44 mg/L. Further, when used in formulating metal injection moulding feedstock (MIM), the POM-PA2 reveals good rheological properties and high green strength. These advantages make the modified polyoxymethylene (POM-PA2) a promising binder system for MIM feedstock.
Current observations on and around a deep-ocean island/reef: northern Palau and Velasco Reef
Authors: Teague William J. , Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Wang David W. , Hallock Zachariah R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent and hydrographic measurements were made in the equatorial Pacific Ocean between the westward-flowing North Equatorial Current and the eastward-flowing North Equatorial Counter Current. Nine moorings containing current profilers and hydrographic sensors were deployed on and around Velasco Reef, just north of Palau Island, from May 2016 to March 2017, when the Pacific Ocean was relaxing after the 2015/16 El Niño. Currents and their interactions with this abrupt bathymetric feature are characterized on spatial scales of 10–30 km, and frequencies from semidiurnal to intraseasonal. Currents near the reef displayed a two-layer structure and were not stationary due to the shifting of the major currents and eddy passages. Energy was significant at tidal and inertial periods, and at periods longer than ten days. Tides and higher frequency currents were responsible for about half the energy on the reef but for only about 20% of the energy in the deep water. Cyclonic (anticyclonic) vorticity occurred on the western (eastern) side of the reef during westward (eastward) flows, indicating recirculation on the leeward side of the reef. Vorticity west of the reef was much stronger than vorticity on the east side. When the cyclonic vorticity was large, the divergence flow patterns supported strong upwelling in the upper layer. Differences in both vertical and horizontal velocity coherences and correlations between moorings indicated that the reef affected the currents. The reef seemed to significantly impact water exchange. Currents near the reef are difficult to be described, particularly at depth by satellite products, making their prediction problematic.
A Novel Assay in Whole Blood Demonstrates Restoration of Mitochondrial Activity in Phagocytes After Successful HSCT in Hyperinflamed X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Migliavacca Maddalena , Basso Ricci Luca , Farinelli Giada , Calbi Valeria , Tucci Francesca , Barzaghi Federica , Ferrua Francesca , Cicalese Maria Pia , Darin Silvia , Barzaghi Lina Raffaella , Giglio Fabio , Peccatori Jacopo , Fumagalli Francesca , Nicoletti Roberto , Giannelli Stefania , Sartirana Claudia , Bandiera Alessandro , Esposito Maria , Milani Raffaella , Mazzi Benedetta , Finocchi Andrea , Marktel Sarah , Assanelli Andrea , Locatelli Franco , Ciceri Fabio , Aiuti Alessandro , Bernardo Maria Ester 
Published: August 2022

AbstractX-linked chronic granulomatous disease is a rare disease caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. While more extensive knowledge is available on genetics, pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic options, mitochondrial activity and its implications on patient monitoring are still not well-characterized. We have developed a novel protocol to study mitochondrial activity on whole blood of XCGD patients before and after transplantation, as well as on XCGD carriers. Here we present results of these analyses and of the restoration of mitochondrial activity in hyperinflamed X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, we show a strong direct correlation between mitochondrial activity, chimerism, and DHR monitored before and after transplantation and in XCGD carriers. In conclusion, based on these findings, we suggest testing this new ready-to-use marker to better characterize patients before and after treatment and to investigate disease expression in carriers.
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VI from Human Milk and Saliva
Authors: Yrjänäinen Alma , Patrikainen Maarit S. , Azizi Latifeh , Tolvanen Martti E. E. , Laitaoja Mikko , Jänis Janne , Hytönen Vesa P. , Nocentini Alessio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Parkkila Seppo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and take part in many essential physiological processes. In humans, 15 CAs are characterized, including the only secreted isoenzyme CA VI. CA VI has been linked to specific processes in the mouth, namely bitter taste perception, dental caries, and maintenance of enamel pellicle, and implicated in several immunity-related phenomena. However, little is known of the mechanisms of the above. In this study, we characterized human CA VI purified from saliva and milk with biophysical methods and measured their enzyme activities and acetazolamide inhibition. Size-exclusion chromatography showed peaks of salivary and milk CA VI corresponding to hexameric state or larger at pH 7.5. At pH 5.0 the hexamer peaks dominated. SDS- PAGE of milk CA VI protein treated with a bifunctional crosslinker further confirmed that a majority of CA VI is oligomers of similar sizes in solution. Mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that both of the two putative N-glycosylation sites, Asn67 and Asn256, are heterogeneously glycosylated. The attached glycans in milk CA VI were di- and triantennary complex-type glycans, carrying both a core fucose and 1 to 2 additional fucose units, whereas the glycans in salivary CA VI were smaller, seemingly degraded forms of core fucosylated complex- or hybrid-type glycans. Mass spectrometry also verified the predicted signal peptide cleavage site and the terminal residue, Gln 18, being in pyroglutamate form. Thorough characterization of CA VI paves way to better understanding of the biological function of the protein.
A vision-based deep learning approach for independent-users Arabic sign language interpretation
Authors: Balaha Mostafa Magdy , El-Kady Sara , Balaha Hossam Magdy , Salama Mohamed , Emad Eslam , Hassan Muhammed , Saafan Mahmoud M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMore than 5% of the people around the world are deaf and have severe difficulties in communicating with normal people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). They face a real challenge to express anything without an interpreter for their signs. Nowadays, there are a lot of studies related to Sign Language Recognition (SLR) that aims to reduce this gap between deaf and normal people as it can replace the need for an interpreter. However, there are a lot of challenges facing the sign recognition systems such as low accuracy, complicated gestures, high-level noise, and the ability to operate under variant circumstances with the ability to generalize or to be locked to such limitations. Hence, many researchers proposed different solutions to overcome these problems. Each language has its signs and it can be very challenging to cover all the languages’ signs. The current study objectives: (i) presenting a dataset of 20 Arabic words, and (ii) proposing a deep learning (DL) architecture by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). The suggested architecture reported 98% accuracy on the presented dataset. It also reported 93.4% and 98.8% for the top-1 and top-5 accuracies on the UCF-101 dataset.