bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of fog‐assisted Industrial Internet of Things: A systematic review
Authors: Raja Sree Thankaraja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe manufacturing industry is benefiting a lot since the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) deploys sensors and actuators to calibrate, audit, and analyze data to enhance efficiency and profitability, thereby automating systems in the industrial sector. The exponential growth of smart devices in the industrial sector requires real‐time connectivity, low latency, nearby storage, secure communication, and reliability. To meet this demand, fog computing is effectively used in IIoT applications. Fog computing solves most of the problems in the fourth industrial revolution, which is the interface between end‐user devices and cloud/web services. Fog also allows for local processing with minimal acceptable latency. This article focuses on how fog computing becomes part of IIoT and also explores the architecture of fog‐assisted IIoT applications. The taxonomy is built by classifying the existing literature to reveal the salient features of fog computing in IIoT. This article also discusses IIoT security solutions as well as research problems of fog‐assisted IIoT. This article also outlines the research challenges of fog‐assisted IIoT and also discusses the security solutions of IIoT.
Piezo channels contribute to the regulation of myelination in Schwann cells
Authors: Acheta Jenica , Bhatia Urja , Haley Jeanette , Hong Jiayue , Rich Kyle , Close Rachel , Bechler Marie E. , Belin Sophie , Poitelon Yannick 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerves and Schwann cells have to sustain constant mechanical constraints, caused by developmental growth as well as stretches associated with movements of the limbs and mechanical compressions from daily activities. In Schwann cells, signaling molecules sensitive to stiffness or stretch of the extracellular matrix, such as YAP/TAZ, have been shown to be critical for Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve regeneration. YAP/TAZ have also been suggested to contribute to tumorigenesis, neuropathic pain, and inherited disorders. Yet, the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in myelinating Schwann cells is vastly unexplored. Here we comprehensively assessed the expression of mechanosensitive ion channels in Schwann cells and identified that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are among the most abundant mechanosensitive ion channels expressed by Schwann cells. Using classic genetic ablation studies, we show that PIEZO1 is a transient inhibitor of radial and longitudinal myelination in Schwann cells. Contrastingly, we show that PIEZO2 may be required for myelin formation, as the absence of PIEZO2 in Schwann cells delays myelin formation. We found an epistatic relationship between PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, at both the morphological and molecular levels. Finally, we show that PIEZO1 channels affect the regulation of YAP/TAZ activation in Schwann cells. Overall, we present here the first demonstration that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 contribute to mechanosensation in Schwann cells as well myelin development in the peripheral nervous system.
Radiative heat transfer due to solar radiation in MHD Sisko nanofluid flow
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Bisht Arvind Singh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the mathematical model for the solar thermal collectors is considered in the form of a nonlinearly stretching sheet. The radiative heat transfer due to solar radiation in magnetohydrodynamic Sisko nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of variable thermal conductivity and a heat source is analyzed effectively. The Sisko fluid has been used as a working fluid in the solar collector. The governing boundary value problem is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation technique, which is then solved numerically using the finite difference method combined with the quasilinearization technique. The results shown graphically are discussed for the effects of the thermal conductivity parameter, radiation parameter, and heat source parameter on the flow regime. It is observed that increasing values of radiation parameters imply greater thermal conduction and less thermal radiation, as a result of which the nanofluid temperature in the fluid regime will decrease.
Weight and skeletal muscle loss with cabozantinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Colomba Emeline , Alves Costa Silva Carolina , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Elmawieh Jamie , Afonso Daniel , Benchimol‐Zouari Axelle , Guida Annalisa , Derosa Lisa , Flippot Ronan , Raynard Bruno , Escudier Bernard , Bidault François , Albiges Laurence 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCabozantinib, a standard of care metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), may be associated with weight and muscle loss. These effects of new generation VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on muscle mass loss are poorly described.MethodsAll cabozantinib‐treated mRCC patients from January 2014 to February 2019 in our institution were included. Clinical data including weight were collected during therapy. Computed tomography images were centrally reviewed for response assessment, and axial sections at the third lumbar vertebrae were used to measure the total muscle area. Toxicities and cabozantinib outcomes were evaluated. Co‐primary endpoints included skeletal muscle loss and weight loss (WL), longitudinally evaluated during treatment. WL has been classified according to CTCAEv5.0: Grade 1 (loss of 5 to <10% of baseline body weight), Grade 2 (loss of 10% to <20% of baseline body weight), and Grades 3–4 (loss >20% of baseline body weight).ResultsPatients were mostly men (70.3%), median age was 59.2 (range: 22.0–78.0) years, and median baseline body mass index was 25.0 (range: 16.4–49.3) kg/cm2. Prognosis according to International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score was good, intermediate, and poor for 13 (13.0%), 63 (63.0%), and 24 (24.0%) patients, respectively. Out of a total of 120 patients, 101 patients with a median follow‐up of 22.3 months (range: 4.5–62.2) were eligible for analysis; 85 experienced muscle loss and muscle loss >10% increased during cabozantinib exposition, especially after 6 months of treatment. At cabozantinib baseline, 71 patients (70.3%) had sarcopenia, and 16/30 (53.3%) non‐sarcopenic patients developed sarcopenia during treatment. Baseline sarcopenia was associated with lower response rates (P = 0.031) and higher grades 3–4 toxicities (P = 0.001). Out of 92 patients included in the WL analysis, 44 (47.8%) and 12 (13.0%) experienced grades 2 and 3 WL, respectively.ConclusionsWe report a high incidence of grades 3–4 WL, fourth times higher than reported in prior pivotal trials, and half of the patients developed sarcopenia while on cabozantinib treatment. Weight and muscle mass loss with cabozantinib are underreported and may require further investigations and early management.
Role of sarcopenia in the frailty transitions in older adults: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Álvarez‐Bustos Alejandro , Carnicero‐Carreño Jose Antonio , Davies Betty , Garcia‐Garcia Francisco Javier , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio , Alonso‐Bouzón Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty and sarcopenia are age‐associated syndromes that have been associated with the risk of several adverse events, mainly functional decline and death, that usually coexist. However, the potential role of one of them (sarcopenia) in modulating some of those adverse events associated to the other one (frailty) has not been explored. The aim of this work is to assess the role of sarcopenia within the frailty transitions and mortality in older people.MethodsData from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging (TSHA) were used. TSHA is a cohort of community‐dwelling older adults ≥65. Frailty was assessed according with the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and the Frailty Trait Scale‐5 (FTS5) at baseline and at follow‐up. Basal sarcopenia status was measured with the standardized Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression model were used to determine if sarcopenia modified the transition of frailty states (median follow‐up of 2.99 years) and Cox proportional hazard model was used for assessing mortality.ResultsThere were 1538 participants (74.73 ± 5.73; 45.51% men) included. Transitions from robustness to prefrailty and frailty according to FP were more frequent in sarcopenic than in non‐sarcopenic participants (32.37% vs. 15.18%, P ≤ 0.001; 5.76% vs. 1.12%; P ≤ 0.001, respectively) and from prefrailty‐to‐frailty (12.68% vs. 4.27%; P = 0.0026). Improvement from prefrail‐to‐robust and remaining robust was more frequent in non‐sarcopenic participants (52.56% vs. 33.80%, P ≤ 0.001; 80.18% vs 61.15%, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). When classified by FTS5, this was also the case for the transition from non‐frail‐to‐frail (25.91% vs. 4.47%, P ≤ 0.001) and for remaining stable as non‐frail (91.25% vs. 70.98%, P ≤ 0.001). Sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of progression from robustness‐to‐prefrailty [odds ratio (OR) 2.34 (95% confidence interval, CI) (1.51, 3.63); P ≤ 0.001], from prefrailty‐to‐frailty [OR(95% CI) 2.50 (1.08, 5.79); P = 0.033] (FP), and from non‐frail‐to‐frail [OR(95% CI) 4.73 (2.94, 7.62); P‐value ≤ 0.001]. Sarcopenia does not seem to modify the risk of death associated with a poor frailty status (hazard ratios (HR, 95%) P > 0.05).ConclusionsTransitions within frailty status, but not the risk of death associated to frailty, are modulated by the presence of sarcopenia.
Resting‐State Brain Temperature: Dynamic Fluctuations in Brain Temperature and the Brain–Body Temperature Gradient
Authors: Sung Dongsuk , Risk Benjamin B. , Wang Kelly J. , Allen Jason W. , Fleischer Candace C. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWhile fluctuations in healthy brain temperature have been investigated over time periods of weeks to months, dynamics over shorter time periods are less clear.PurposeTo identify physiological fluctuations in brain temperature in healthy volunteers over time scales of approximately 1 hour.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 30 healthy volunteers (15 female; 26 ± 4 years old).Sequence and Field Strength3 T; T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) and semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) single‐voxel spectroscopy.AssessmentsBrain temperature was calculated from the chemical shift difference between N‐acetylaspartate and water. To evaluate within‐scan repeatability of brain temperature and the brain–body temperature difference, 128 spectral transients were divided into two sets of 64‐spectra. Between‐scan repeatability was evaluated using two time periods, ~1–1.5 hours apart.Statistical TestsA hierarchical linear mixed model was used to calculate within‐scan and between‐scan correlations (Rw and Rb, respectively). Significance was determined at P ≤ .05. Values are reported as the mean ± standard deviation.ResultsA significant difference in brain temperature was observed between scans (−0.4 °C) but body temperature was stable (P = .59). Brain temperature (37.9 ± 0.7 °C) was higher than body temperature (36.5 ± 0.5 °C) for all but one subject. Within‐scan correlation was high for brain temperature (Rw = 0.95) and brain–body temperature differences (Rw = 0.96). Between scans, variability was high for both brain temperature (Rb = 0.30) and brain–body temperature differences (Rb = 0.41).Data ConclusionSignificant changes in brain temperature over time scales of ~1 hour were observed. High short‐term repeatability suggests temperature changes appear to be due to physiology rather than measurement error.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Neutralizing antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern including Delta and Omicron in subjects receiving mRNA‐1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines
Authors: Zhang George Fei , Meng Wen , Chen Luping , Ding Ling , Feng Jian , Perez Joseph , Ali Abid , Sun Shenyu , Liu Zhentao , Huang Yufei , Guo Haitao , Gao Shou‐Jiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines have contributed to the control of COVID‐19 in some parts of the world. However, the constant emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) challenges the effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines over time. In particular, Omicron contains a high number of mutations in the spike (S) protein gene, on which most vaccines were developed. In this study, we quantitated neutralizing antibodies in vaccine recipients at various times postvaccination using S protein‐based pseudoviruses derived from wild type (WT) SARS‐CoV‐2 and five VOCs including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). We found that two‐dose mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against WT, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, but wanned after 6 months with a faster decline observed for BNT162b2. Both mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 elicited weak neutralizing antibodies against Omicron. One dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine induced weaker neutralizing antibodies against WT and most VOCs than mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2 did but moderate neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron, which lasted for 6 months. These results support current recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for a booster 5 months after full immunization with an mRNA‐based vaccine and the use of an mRNA‐based vaccine 2 months after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
Initial introduction and spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2 AY.4.2.1 Delta variant in Bulgaria, a genomic insight
Authors: Alexiev Ivailo , Giovanetti Marta , Cella Eleonora , Ivanov Ivan , Stoikov Ivan , Donchev Deyan , Grigorova Lubomira , Gancheva Anna , Dimitrova Reneta , Korsun Nelly , Trifonova Ivelina , Philipova Ivva , Dobrinov Veselin , Grigorova Iliana , Kantardjiev Todor , Christova Iva , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants carrying mutations in the spike protein raises concerns about the possibility of accelerated transmission in the ever‐evolving COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide. AY.4.2, a sublineage of the Delta variant, was considered a variant under investigation (VUI) and also gained the nickname “Delta Plus,” due to its extra mutations, Y145H and A222V. In this study, using genomic epidemiology, we provide the first insights into the introduction of AY.4.2 in Bulgaria and the AY.4.2.1 sublineage that found larger dissemination only in Bulgaria and the United Kingdom.
Clinical outcome for heart failure hospitalizations in patients with leadless pacemaker
Authors: Katsuki Tomonori , Nagashima Michio , Kono Hiroyuki , Sadohara Yohei , Hirokami Jun , Kuji Rei , Korai Kengo , Fukunaga Masato , Hiroshima Kenichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe long‐term performance of leadless pacemaker (LPM) has not been well evaluated.MethodsBetween September 2017 and January 2021, 929 consecutive patients who underwent pacemaker implantation were grouped according to the types of pacemakers: LPM (LPM group, n = 368) and conventional pacemaker (PM group, n = 561).ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 1.7 years (interquartile range 0.8–2.6 years). Hospitalization rate for heart failure in the LPM group was 9.3%, 15.6%, and 21.6% at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively. The LPM group had a significantly higher adjusted heart failure hospitalization risk than the PM group [hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.64, p = .01]. More patients with symptomatic bradycardia caused by sinus node dysfunction (SND) in the LPM group (n = 150) were admitted to the hospital for heart failure compared to those in the PM group (n = 219) (HR 2.02, 95%CI 1.04–3.90, p = .03), whereas no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the patients with bradycardia caused by atrial fibrillation (LPM group, n = 71; PM group, n = 18) or atrioventricular block (LPM group, n = 147; PM group, n = 324).ConclusionsPatients who received LPM implantation had greater hospitalization risk for heart failure, compared to those who received conventional pacemaker implantation. The increased risk was mainly attributed to patients with SND.
Economic Viability of Penicillin Allergy Testing to Avoid Improper Clindamycin Surgical Prophylaxis
Authors: Liu Matthew Y. , Challa Megana , McCoul Edward D. , Chen Philip G. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivePatients mislabeled with a penicillin allergy are often unnecessarily given prophylactic clindamycin. Thus, otolaryngologists may cause harm due to clindamycin's associated risk of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) and surgical site infections (SSI). The objective of this study was to determine the economic feasibility of penicillin allergy testing in preventing unnecessary clindamycin use among patients with an unconfirmed penicillin allergy prior to otolaryngologic surgery.MethodsA break‐even analysis was performed using the average cost of penicillin allergy testing and a CDI/SSI to calculate the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in baseline CDI/SSI rate due to clindamycin required for penicillin testing to be economically sustainable. The binomial distribution was used to calculate the probability that current penicillin testing can achieve this study's ARR.ResultsPreoperative penicillin testing was found to be economically sustainable if it could decrease the baseline CDI rate by an ARR of 1.06% or decrease the baseline SSI rate by an ARR of 1.34%. The probability of penicillin testing achieving these ARRs depended on the baseline CDI and SSI rates. When the CDI rate was at least 5% or the SSI rate was at least 7%, penicillin allergy testing was guaranteed to achieve economic sustainability.ConclusionIn patients mislabeled with a penicillin allergy, preoperative penicillin allergy testing may be an economically sustainable option to prevent the unnecessary use of prophylactic clindamycin during otolaryngologic surgery. Current practice guidelines should be modified to recommend penicillin allergy testing in patients with an unconfirmed allergy prior to surgery.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1086–1091, 2023
Cryogenic freezing: A reliable preservation method of samples for seawater nutrient analysis
Authors: Rho TaeKeun , Son Purena , Choi Sang‐Hwa , Kang Dong‐Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFreezing is a strongly recommended preservation method of samples for seawater nutrient analysis when onboard analysis is not available. Previous studies on the effects of freezing methods have explored issues including freezing period, prefiltration, and freezing speed. In this study, the effects of various freezing and storage temperatures on seawater nutrient analysis were examined using a domestic freezer (−18°C), scientific freezer (−23°C), and cryogenic freezer (−80°C). The results showed no difference between the fresh and frozen samples stored in the cryogenic freezer. The observed differences between samples from the domestic freezer and those from the scientific freezers can be attributed to the freezer auto‐defrost function. Transferring samples between the scientific and cryogenic freezers maintained their condition during freezing and storage when a scientific freezer without an auto‐defrost function was used. Silicate concentrations in frozen samples in the cryogenic freezer were similar to those of the fresh samples, even when the frozen samples were analyzed several hours after thawing. Therefore, a cryogenic freezer is highly recommended for freezing and storing seawater nutrient samples because of its stability and independence from silicate polymer formation.
Preparation of CO2‐Based Cationic Polycarbonate/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers with an Optimal Fibrous Microstructure for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Lin Zheng‐Ian , Tsai Han‐Lin , Liu Guan‐Lin , Lu Xie‐Hong , Cheng Pei‐Wen , Chi Pei‐Ling , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Wang Chih‐Chia , Yang Jason Hsiao Chun , Ko Bao‐Tsan , Chen Chih‐Kuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUtilizing CO2 as one of the monomer resources, poly(vinylcyclohexene carbonates) (PVCHCs) are used as the precursor for preparing cationic PVCHCs (CPVCHCs) via thiol‐ene click functionalization. Through the functionalization, CPVCHC‐43 with a tertiary amine density of 43% relative to the backbone is able to display a significantly antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Blending CPVCHC‐43 with polyacrylonitrile (PAN), CPVCHC/PAN nanofiber meshes (NFMs) have been successfully prepared by electrospinning. More importantly, two crucial fibrous structural factors including CPVCHC/PAN weight ratio and fiber diameter have been systematically investigated for the effects on the antibacterial performance of the NFMs. Sequentially, a quaternization treatment has been employed on the NFMs with an optimal fibrous structure to enhance the antibacterial ability. The resulting quaternized NFMs have demonstrated the great biocidal effects against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Moreover, the excellent biocompatibility of the quaternized NFMs have also been thoroughly evaluated and verified.
Photo‐Rewritable Glaring Patterns Composed of Stripe Domains in Nematic Elastomers
Authors: Ohzono Takuya , Koyama Emiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDynamic ordered micropatterns in polymeric materials provide an effective approach for the on‐demand tuning of optical properties toward a smart optical material. In this study, it is shown that glaring patterns exhibiting strong anisotropic light diffusion can be developed at specific locations in nematic liquid‐crystal elastomers with light‐sensitive azobenzene units. Glaring originates from the stripe domains of the nematic directors that self‐organize in light‐irradiated regions after a simple uniaxial stretching and releasing process without any complicated lithographic technique. The nematic order transiently reduced by the photo‐induced cis azobenzene isomers unlocks entropic elasticity, which induces local uniaxial shrinkage that causes buckling of the directors forming stripe domains. The written pattern on the film is tangibly visible with the backlight owing to the difference in anisotropic light diffusion. Furthermore, this pattern can be erased by light irradiation or thermal annealing. These films can be applied to optical elements for achieving augmented luminaries, security labeling, and sign‐sheeting applications.
Conformational Effects of Mutations and Spherical Confinement in Small Peptides through Hybrid Multi‐Population Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Gonzalez‐Olvera Marcos A , Olivares‐Quiroz Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work the role of spherical confinement combined with single and block mutations in small peptides on the onset of specific conformational states is analyzed. An intramolecular potential for the polypeptide chain, composed by a bending term plus a Lennard‐Jones type long range potential is proposed. For the intermolecular interaction with the sphere an integrated Lennard‐Jones (LJ) type potential is used between monomers and the sphere surface. To compute the set of minima values for the total intra and intermolecular potential a combination of a multi‐population genetic algorithm and an hybridized Nelder—Mead simplex algorithm are used, that yield to a larger degree of precision in the prediction of the set of minima potential energy values. To characterize the conformational states of the peptides the gyration tensor, radius of gyration, the asphericity, and the linear anisotropy are computed, and the influence of single‐point and block mutations on the most energetically stable conformations are assed. Results suggest that the spherical confinement does have a significant influence of the polymer conformations; and single‐point mutations introduced along the chain also have a prominent role on peptide's folded states. This opens up the possibility to targeted‐designed peptides with particular and desired properties upon folding.