bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inter-pupillary Distance on Stereo-acuity
Authors: Iqbal Fatima , Atta Komal , Khan Hashim Ali , Iqbal Amna 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the effect of interpupillary distance (IPD) on stereopsis and to compare this affect in male and female population.
Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 individuals of either gender with age ranging from 15 to 30 years. Sample was recruited by non-probability convenient sampling technique at Ophthalmology department of Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad from August 2018 to December 2018. Individuals with any ocular pathology, un-corrected refractive error or drug users were excluded. Near IPD was measured using millimeter scale and stereopsis was evaluated using titmus fly test. Data was analyzed by SPSS21. P value ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Our study comprised of 30 subjects of aged range 15-30 years. 15 participants were male and 15 were females. IPD values for both genders were ranged between 62 – 66 mm. mean IPD was 65± 1.01 mm for male and 64.8± 1.14 mm for female ,no significant difference was observed in mean IPD among gender ( P value = 0.41) by t test. Both male and females have high IPD and low depth of perception (< 40 sec of arc), no significant difference in levels of Stereopsis was noted among gender (P value= 0.36). Pearson's correlation showed significant relation between IPD and stereopsis. (P value= 0000*).
Conclusion: We found higher IPD and low depth of perception among both genders.
Screening of Barbers for Hepatitis B and C in Faisalabad
Authors: Raja Khurram Sohail , Naz Shakeela , Aslam Faria , Arshad Noor , Hayat Amer 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To screen the barbers for Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Faisalabad.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed by the forensic medicine department of private medical college of Faisalabad after approval from institutional ethical committee. The camp for screening barbers was arranged in September 2019 at Sargodha road, Faisalabad. Barbers from different Hair Saloons of the city were invited 2-3 days before arranging the camp. Fifty-five barbers joined the camp for screening. All relevant information was noted on predesigned pro forma. Informed consent was taken and blood samples were drawn from each participant for qualitative detection of hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs Ag) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using one step rapid test devices (Accurate) that are based on a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay technique. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 21. Percentages and frequencies for Reactive and Non- Reactive tests HBs Ag and anti-HCV were determined.
Results: During this study 55 barbers were screened for hepatitis C and hepatitis B. The age range of the screened barbers was 18-35 years. We found that 3 (5.4%) of the barbers were seropositive for hepatitis C and 1 (1.8%) barber was co- infected with hepatitis C and hepatitis B, In contrast to this none of the barbers was found to have hepatitis B only.
Conclusion: HCV infection is an occupational hazard for barbers, while HBV infection is not found in barbers despite low infectious dose.
Impact of consanguinity marriage on developing type 1 diabetes of beta thalassemia children
Authors: Khurshid Dr. Rukhshan , Fatima Dr.Nafisa , Hamza Dr.Muhammad Shahroz , Ahmad Dr.Shakil , Fayyaz Dr.Iram , Ashraf Dr.Huma 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To find impact of consanguinity marriage on developing diabetes in a group of thalassemia children.
Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out from October 2016 to June 2017at thalassemia centers of Lahore city. One hundred and fifty beta thalassemia major children with age range 4 to 8 years receiving regular blood transfusion were recruited by purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires were filled by the consented parents of children.
Results: Among total number of thalassemia patients, the frequency of male was100 and of female was 50. The frequency of male and female diabetic thalassemia children was 25 (25 %) and 25 (50%) respectively. Frequency of general consanguinity was 148(98.66%). Weak correlation of fasting blood sugar with consanguinity in diabetic thalassemia children was observed.
Conclusion: Consanguinity marriages may have a role on developing diabetes in thalassemia children.
DURAL REPAIR: EFFICACY ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES, A CADAVERIC STUDY COMPARING THE NAKED EYE AND SURGICAL LOUPES
Authors: Chitragran Roongrath , Panyaporn Sakpan , Poopitaya Sompob 
Published: February 2022

Background: Watertight dural repair is crucial to achieve successful dural tear sutures. Microscopic or surgical loupes are recommended to use to magnify and assist repairing the dura. However, many spine surgeons repair dural tears under the naked eye. The efficacy of repairing dural tears by the naked eye compared with microscopic or surgical loupes has never been studied.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of dural repairing techniques using the naked eye or surgical loupes.
Methods: A cadaveric experimental study was conducted. Four fresh human cadaveric specimens were used to harvest the spinal cord. Dural tear and CSF leakage were simulated with a water pressure control system (Arthrex AR-6475 arthroscopic pump). We compared surgical repair using the naked eye and surgical loupes. Surgical closure was achieved using Prolene 6-0 and Durepair®. A total of 32 experimental dural tears were subdivided to four groups. The 4 groups were Prolene6-0 with the naked eye (n=8), Prolene 6-0 with surgical loupe (n = 8), Durepair® with the naked eye (n=8) and Durepair® with surgical loupe (n=8). The total time used for sutures and postsuture CSF water leakage pressure were recorded and compared among the subgroups.
Results: Our results showed that surgical loupe assisted dural closure and sutures were significantly faster than the naked eye in both Prolene 6-0 (surgical loupe = 4.87±0.19 min, naked eye = 7.18±0.36 min, p <0.001) and Durepair® groups (surgical loupe = 9.84±0.21 min naked eye = 13.27±0.42 min, p <0.001). CSF Leakage pressure in the surgical loupe groups were higher than in the naked eye groups in both Prolene 6-0 (surgical loupe = 100.00±5.35 mmHg, naked eye = 96.88±7.99 mmHg, p = 0.373) and Durepair® (surgical loupe = 96.88±4.58 mmHg, naked eye = 95.63±4.17 mmHg, p = 0.577) but without significant difference. Prolene 6-0 was significantly faster to use for sutures than Durepair® in both sutures by the naked eye and surgical loupe assisted (p <0.001). Prolene 6-0 showed a higher leakage pressure than Durepair® in both the naked eye and surgical loupe assisted sutures but without significant difference (naked eye, p = 0.701, surgical loupe, p = 0.230)
CONCLUSION: Repairing a dural tear without using surgical loupes consumed more time and did not achieve similar maximum leak pressure compared with using surgical loupes. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of CSF leakage pressure. Durepair® consumed more time than Prolene 6-0 while leakage pressure was similar. We recommended the use of surgical loupes when performing dural repair. Durepair® is suitable to repair larger dural defects that cannot be closed using a simple suture technique.
PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D INADEQUACY AMONG ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS
Authors: Phruetthiphat Ong-Art , Kusuwannakul Nopphadon , Khuangsirikul Saradej , Tutaworn Teerapat Tutaworn, , Songpatanasilp Thawee , Chotanaphuti Thanainit 
Published: February 2022

Background: Indoor workers including healthcare professionals are at high risk to develop vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, due to lifestyle and limited sunlight exposure. Additionally, common health problems in aging men are vitamin D inadequacy, hypogonadism and prostate cancer.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) among orthopedic surgeons with different ages and regions of residence.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the annual meeting of the Royal College of Orthopedic Surgeons of Thailand (RCOST) in October 2017. All participants were orthopedic surgeons working in different regions in Thailand. They received blood examination for vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels, total testosterone and total PSA serum levels.
Results: A total of 257 orthopedic surgeons participated in the study. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 71.98%. Old age group (≥60 years old) had significantly higher total vitamin D than young age group (<60 years old) (p=0.014). Participants from eastern region had significantly higher total vitamin D than Bangkok and southern regions (p=0.015). Interestingly, the prevalence of low testosterone levels was 13% which occurred significantly in the age group ≥40 year (p=0.004). Additionally, the prevalence of high PSA levels was 4.67%. Even though the old age group had significantly higher PSA than the young age group (p< 0.001), no correlation was found between region and total PSA level.
Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among Thai orthopedic surgeons was surprisingly high. This data provide important information to promote greater self-awareness to reduce the possible consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy. Vitamin D supplementation including prevention strategies need to be promoted among healthcare professionals.
A comparative study of the 5 mm-layer Vickers hardness model with bulk-fill resin-based composites
Authors: Aytaç Bal Fatma , Ağaccıoğlu Merve , Demir Osman 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the Vickers hardness numbers (VHNs) of two bulk-fill resin-based composites (BFRBC) and a conventional hybrid resin-based composite (RBC) through the layers of a 5mm thickness model with two different light-curing time intervals.
Methodology: In the present study, a sonic-activated and dual-cure BFRBC, and a conventional hybrid RBC were used. Semi-cylindrical specimens 4 mm in radius and 5 mm in height were prepared using a two-piece stainless-steel mold (n=10). The BFRBCs allowed a single 5mm increment to be introduced into the molds, whereas hybrid RBC was incremented (2+2+1 mm). Two different time intervals were applied for the light-curing (irradiance of 1200 mW/cm2) of each material (hybrid-sonic-activated bulk-fill, 20 s and 40 s; dual-cure bulk-fill, 7 s and 15 s). VHN measurements were carried out from top to bottom at every 1 mm of the specimen thickness. Data were analyzed using three-way and two-way ANOVA for the VHN and bottom/top ratios and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p=0.05).
Results: For each layer and time interval groups, there was a significant difference between the materials. The highest VHN was found within hybrid groups, whereas dual-cure bulk-fill groups showed the lowest results. Sonic-activated bulk-fill had the lowest bottom/top ratios, which were significantly different from those of the other materials. There was no significant difference between the different time intervals for bottom/top ratios within each material.
Conclusion: Increased irradiation intervals positively affected the VHN of hybrid and dual-cure bulk-fill. BFRBCs showed clinically acceptable bottom/top hardness ratios.

How to cite this article: Aytaç Bal F, Ağaccıoğlu M, Demir O. A comparative study of the 5 mm-layer Vickers hardness model with bulk-fill resin-based composites. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):172-9. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no3.6

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Molecular detection of E. faecalis in oral samples of a population associated with secondary endodontic infection
Authors: Kesim Bertan , Tezcan Ülger Seda , Cudal Hamza , Aslan Gönül , Ersoy Leyla , Aslan Tuğrul , Küçük Mustafa Öner 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in samples of oral rinse and tongue dorsum of endodontic patients with secondary/persistent infections (EPSI) using the PCR method.
Methodology: Oral rinse samples (ORS) and tongue swab samples (TSS) of 22 patients (EPSI group) and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were collected. DNA isolation from the TSS and ORS samples was performed using the modified classical phenol-chloroform and chloroform method. To detect E. faecalis strains directly from the TSS and ORS samples, the 310 base pair (bp) segment of the 16S rDNA of the E. faecalis genome was amplified by PCR using specific primers. The prevalence of E. faecalis was compared between healthy and sick individuals using the Chi-square test, significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: In the ORS samples, there was a significant difference between the healthy individuals (n = 11, 34%) and the EPSI group (n = 15, 68%) in terms of the presence of E. faecalis (p = 0.026). In the TSS, the presence of E. faecalis was also investigated, and a significant difference was found between healthy individuals (n = 3, 9%) and the EPSI group (n = 11, 50%) (p = 0.001). In the EPSI group, no statistically significant difference was present in the prevalence rate of E. faecalis between the samples of ORS (68%) and TSS (50%) (p = 0.358).
Conclusion: The prevalence of E. faecalis was found to be statistically significantly higher in multi-site oral samples of a population with secondary endodontic infection than healthy individuals.

How to cite this article: Kesim B, Tezcan Ülger S, Cudal H, Aslan G, Ersoy L, Aslan T, Küçük MÖ. Molecular detection of E. faecalis in oral samples of a population associated with secondary endodontic infection. Int Dent Res 2021;11(3):180-4. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no3.7

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Male vs. Female
Authors: Hofheinz Albrecht 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Security vs. Fear
Authors: Høigilt Jacob 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Sentidos atribuídos à satisfação sexual por mulheres que vivenciam o trabalho sexual: estudo fenomenológico
Authors: Santos Couto Pablo Luiz , Da Silva Flores Tarcísio , Souza da Costa Pereira Samantha , Porcino Carle , Benemérita Alves Vilela Alba 
Published: February 2022

The objective was to understand the meanings attributed to sexual satisfaction by women who experience sex work. It is a qualitative study, based on the phenomenological approaches of Sartre and Heidegger. It was carried out with 30 sex workers from the Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano region. It was evident that women have their senses about sexual satisfaction, structured in the financial dimension in interface with self-esteem and the sexual act, explained from the experiences learned, while they inserted in the sexual service. These senses reveal that pleasure in connection with money is survival and subsistence. The orgasm itself refers to the self-esteem and emotions felt by those who have affection. These nuances show that sexual service is more than just a job, the context that allows them to be in a space with possibilities for multifaceted experiences, such as sexual freedom, in a temporality that is a reflection of subjectivities that go beyond natural determinism.
Objetivou-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos à satisfação sexual por mulheres que vivenciam o trabalho sexual. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado nas abordagens fenomenológicas de Sartre e Heidegger. Foi realizado com 30 trabalhadoras sexuais da região do Alto Sertão Produtivo Baiano. Evidenciou-se que as mulheres têm os sentidos sobre satisfação sexual, estruturados na dimensão financeira em interface à autoestima e ao ato sexual, explicadas a partir das experiências aprendidas, enquanto são/estão inseridas no serviço sexual. Esses sentidos revelam que o prazer em conexão ao dinheiro é a sobrevivência e subsistência. Já o orgasmo propriamente dito, remete à autoestima e às emoções sentidas por quem nutre afeto. Essas nuances, mostram que o serviço sexual é além de ofício, o contexto que permite elas ser/estar em um espaço com possibilidades de vivências multifacetadas, como a liberdade sexual, em uma temporalidade que é reflexo de subjetividades que extrapolam o determinismo natural.
Atención en centros asistenciales para la mujer víctima de violencia de género de Coirós (Galicia) y Cartagena de Indias: un análisis comparado
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro , Quintana Angélica , Riveira Begoña 
Published: February 2022

This paper is a descriptive-comparative analysis of the services provided by two care centres for women victims of abuse. The first one, a public centre in Spain [Centro de Información a la mujer (CIM) in the municipality of Coiros (N=63), and the second one, a private centre from Colombia [Centro de Orientación a la Mujer (COM) located in Cartagena de Indias (N=43)]. The profiles of the women that accessed these centres was also analized. In order to compile the information needed to support this analysis, specific surveys were designed, and modified according to the needs of each centre. The information obtained allowed the identification of the satisfaction levels from the services offered, and also evidenced the lack of knowledge regarding the purpose of both centres. Another result obtained from this comparison were the sociodemographical differences in the profiles of abused women coming to this centres.
En el presente estudio descriptivo-comparativo se analizaron los servicios prestados por dos centros asistenciales a mujeres, víctimas de maltrato, de España [Centro de Información a la Mujer (CIM) del municipio gallego de Coirós, de potestad pública (N = 63)] y Colombia [Centro de Orientación a la Mujer (COM) situado en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, de responsabilidad privada (N = 43)] y el perfil de las usuarias que acudían a estos espacios de atención gratuita. Por medio de encuestas diseñadas especialmente para este estudio, y modificadas para cada entidad específica, se identificó que los niveles de satisfacción por los servicios prestados y el desconocimiento previo de la utilidad de ambos centros fue muy elevada, observándose diferencias sociodemográficas respecto el perfil de la mujer maltratada que acudía a cada entidad.
Evaluation of the Dietary Pattern of Rural Residents in the South of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Borba Brenda Gersanti , Silverio Alicia Pupin , Sodré Amaral Pedro Ivo , Ardisson Miranda Lidiane Paula , Caetani Machado Simone , Pupin Silvério Alessandra Cristina 
Published: February 2022

Objective: We tried to learn about the eating habits and their possible consequences on the health of rural residents in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil in view of the importance of knowing dietary habits in the face of globalization and the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Methods: For this, 1344 people were stratified and interviewed between January 2015 and November 2019, individuals aged 18 years or over, working or residing in the rural area of ​​the micro-region studied were included. Epidemiological, anthropometric and clinical data and assessment of dietary pattern were collected. A survey built and validated by Vigitel was used, and the interviewees received scores referring to food consumption in recent weeks. Thus, they were divided into 3 groups, according to their score, with the highest scoring tertile classified as “adequate”, the medium tertile as “intermediate” and the lowest as “inadequate”.
Results: As a result, most interviewees were men (62.7%), overweight (54.03%), between 44.1 years old, and the average educational level of 6.64 years. Women had higher averages of schooling time and higher values ​​of BMI and waist circumference when compared to males. In addition, a higher percentage of women fit the high dietary pattern when compared to men. Most respondents (54.03%) were classified as overweight, followed by normal weight (41.8%) and underweight (4.06%) when assessing BMI. Older age and level of education varied and were associated to a better quality of diet. It is remarkable that the eating habits of the rural population are increasingly like those in urban areas. Even with better food quality, women have worse anthropometric indices than men. Even though food consumption has changed, it does not appear in the habits of older people.
Conclusion: However, it is concluded that public policies that promote healthy eating for rural residents are needed.
COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Characteristics: Correlation with Blood Group, Age, Gender, Symptoms and their Association with SARS CoV-2 Antibody Levels: A Bi-centric Study from India
Authors: Dogra Mitu , Setia Rasika , Pathak Sangeeta , Prasath Thangavel Gokhula , Chakraborty Tamojit , Singh Surjit , Handoo Anil 
Published: February 2022

Background: Understanding demographics and collection characteristics of Convalescent Plasma (CP) donors is the corner stone for maintaining a viable inventory of high titre CP products in an acute-crisis setting. The Specific objectives of this study were to find a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 antibody level with age, gender and blood group in CP donors.
Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective study was conducted at blood centres of two multispecialty hospitals in Delhi from 1st November 2020 to 31st January 2021. 936 consenting COVID-19 recovered individuals were screened and underwent a medical interview for eligibility for CP donation from both blood centres, of which 750 qualified for CP collection. 400/ 750 (53.3%) CP donations were from centre A and 350/750 (46.7%) were from centre B. Donor characteristics data for both centres was retrieved from the blood bank donor management database and records from both the centres.
Results: The results of this study revealed that majority were males 727 (96.93%) and 23 (3.07%) were females with mean age was 35.09±8.7 years. 41-50 years showed higher median SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of the 936 donors screened for CP collection, 186 donors got deferred due to various reasons, resulting in a mean deferral rate of 19.87%. The commonest reason (15.05%) was absence of detectable/low SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Group-wise median antibody levels were AB>B>A>O at both centres. Moderate correlation (correlation coefficient =0.721) between number of symptoms and SARS CoV-2 antibody levels was observed; high symptom scores showed high SARS CoV-2 antibodies values (correlation coefficient=0.721; p < 0.00001). The individual symptom-wise predictors like fever (p= 0.002) and acute gastroenteritis (GE) or (GE-like syndrome) (p < 0.001) were positive predictors for high SARS CoV-2 antibodies. Cold (p = 0.006) and absence of symptoms (p = 0.060) were negative predictors. To summarize a collective significant effect exists between the symptoms and SARS CoV-2 antibody levels. Donors with symptoms like fever and GE or GE like syndrome showed significantly higher SARS Cov-2 antibodies. Female donors as compared to male donor, donors in age group of 41-50 years and donors with blood group AB compared with other groups had higher median levels of SARS CoV-2 antibodies.
Conclusion: Awareness of CP donor characteristics, post-screening deferrals, and correlates of antibody values with age, symptoms and blood group will help improve collection outcomes and give better preparedness for future recurrent waves due to evolution of more virulent SARS-CoV-2 strains and fill treatment gap till availability of more specific treatment.