bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Olsen and Barrett-universal II; two intraocular lens power calculation formulas for monofocal intraocular lens, in Iranian patients; Kermanshah; 2018-2020
Authors: safarzadehkhoushabi ashkan , eidizadeh mojtaba , ebadi-soofloo leila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: With improvements in the formulas, the accuracy of predicting IOL power in emmetropic eyes with an axial length (AL) of 22.0 to 24.5 mm can now be guaranteed. On the other hand, as the condition of the fundus is complex in highly myopic eyes, many formulas are unable to predict the IOL power accurately; in such cases. Myopia, associated with long axial length (AL), is a global public health issue. The estimated incidence of myopia has been reported between 25 to 46.4%.The IOL power calculation formulas are less accurate in long eyes, which is commonly defined as AL longer than 24.5 mm.Material and methods:This prospective cohort study protocol was reviewed and approved by the local university Institutional Ethics Committee and the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed throughout the study. A written informed consent was obtained from each patient and only those who were consenting and willing for follow‑up were enrolled into the study.Results: Before being included in the study, all patients were informed of its purpose and gave their written consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kermanshah University Medical Sciences and health services, and the study complied with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. Of the 423 eyes underwent cataract surgery during the study period, Inclusion criteria were met by 250 eyes. 173 eyes were excluded from the study due to inadequate biometry data (N = 136); associated ocular comorbidities and previous intraocular surgeries (N = 19) or postoperative complications (N = 18).Discussion:In our cohort study on 250 eyes in Iranian patients during 2018 to 2020, the BU II formula was found to be most accurate than Olsen in normal and short axial length eyes; neither long axial length eyes. It also had the lowest MAE, standard deviation of error, median absolute error, and highest percentage of eyes within ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D, and ± 1.00 D; all significantly meaningful (p-value < 0.005).Conclusion:Our study on 250 Iranian eyes underwent phacoemulsification surgery (microincision cataract surgery) with posterior chamber IOL implantation, and received an in-the-bag insertion of a monofocal IOL between March 2018 to August 2020. After measurement of some refractive information with Lenster L900; data analyses revealed that BUII formula perfoming more accurately than Olsen formula in eyes with normal or short axial length.
Down-regulation of S1PR2 is Correlated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yan Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) are the second leading cause of deaths from malignant tumors in women, while their therapeutic and diagnostic aims are still finited. A growing body of evidence indicated that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) plays essential roles in the occurrence and development about several human cancers. Nevertheless, the key mechanism and role mechanism of S1PR2 in CESC are still unclear.
Methods
we first used Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Genotypic Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to perform pan-cancer analysis on the expression and prognosis of S1PR2, and found that S1PR2 may have a potential impact on CESC. To generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database. The clusterProfiler package is used for feature-rich analysis. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource was used to determine the connection between S1PR2 mRNA expression and immune infiltrates.
Results
S1PR2 expression in CESC tissues was down-regulated compared with adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that compared with patients with high expression of S1PR2, CESC patients with low S1PR2 expression had a worse prognosis. Reduced S1PR2 expression is associated with patients with high clinical stage, more histological types of squamous cell carcinoma, and poor primary treatment outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic curve of S1PR2 was 0.870. Correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of S1PR2 was related to immune infiltrates and tumor purity.
Conclusion
down-regulated S1PR2 expression is related to poor survival and immune infiltration in CESC. S1PR2 is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and as a potential target for CESC immune therapy.
Barriers Faced by Medical Students in Seeking Mental Healthcare: A Scoping Review
Authors: Berliant Maria , Rahman Nabiha , Mattice Christopher , Bhatt Chirayu , Haykal Kay-Anne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Medical students commonly encounter psychological illness in both the classroom and in clinical settings, but unfortunately also face a variety of mental health issues themselves. Despite the availability of professional help on medical campuses, help-seeking continues to be a challenge for some students (Rotenstein et al., 2016). Our review aimed to identify the barriers medical students face when seeking professional mental healthcare.
Question
What are the barriers to seeking professional mental healthcare faced by medical students?
Methods
A MeSH search was created for articles using the databases PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify articles specifically about medical students and their barriers to professional mental healthcare. 454 articles were identified and screened by title/abstract and then full text. Data was extracted from 33 articles using an independent framework. Barriers identified were compiled and reported.
Results
From a total of 33 articles, the most commonly identified barriers to seeking mental healthcare were fear of negative effect on residency/career opportunities, fear of confidentiality breach, stigma and fear of shaming from peers, lack of perceived seriousness/normalization of symptoms, lack of time, and fear of documentation on academic record. Students also preferred to seek care outside of their institution from fear of provider being an academic preceptor.
Discussion
Many of the barriers to mental healthcare faced by medical students relate to a fear of academic/career reprisal and fear of confidentiality breach. It appears that despite recent efforts to decrease stigma surrounding mental illness, many medical students struggle to seek appropriate support. Access to mental health care can be improved by increasing transparency regarding what information will be displayed on academic records, dispelling common myths about mental healthcare and increasing awareness about available resources for medical students.
Connectivity of Hydrogen Bond Networks in EDL Dominates the Kinetical pH Effect of Hydrogen Electrocatalysis on Pt
Authors: Li Peng , Jiang Yaling , Hu Youcheng , Men Yana , Liu Yuwen , Cai Wenbin , Chen Shengli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Pt and other noble metals often undergo ~2 orders of magnitude decrease in reaction kinetics when changing the electrolyte pH from acid to alkaline regime. The origin of this kinetic pH effect remains far from a consensus, hindering the rational design of pH-specific electrocatalysts. Herein, by meticulously comparing the electric double layer (EDL) structures of acid and alkaline interfaces from the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, and the computational vibration spectra of water molecules in the AIMD-simulated interfaces with the results of in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS), we conclude that neither the hydrogen adsorption strength nor the water dissociation barrier is responsible for the greatly reduced HER kinetics on Pt in alkaline media, because the alkaline interface could have more favorite hydrogen adsorption strength and lower barriers for individual Volmer reactions; it is the significantly different connectivity of hydrogen bond networks in EDL that cause the huge kinetic pH effect of HER. What’s further, using Pt-Ru alloy as model, our results reveal an unprecedented role of OH adsorption in improving the kinetics of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis on Pt-based catalysts, namely, by increasing the connectivity of hydrogen bond networks in EDL rather than by directly affecting the energetics of surface steps. These findings should add significant new insights into the key roles of EDL structures in electrocatalysis. Meanwhile, this study offers a referential research paradigm for exploring the atomic structures of electrochemical interfaces by combining AIMD simulations, computational spectroscopy, and experimental spectroscopy.
Construction of an m6A-related lncRNA model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Jin-hai , Shen Hong-yu , Zhang Jin , Xu Di , Xu Zheng , Liang Mingxing , Chen Wen-quan , Xia Wen-jia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: Gene expression data and clinical data of LUAD patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database. Combined with clinical information, the prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs were identified through differential lncRNA expression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to establish the prognostic risk model. We evaluated and validated the predictive performance of this model via survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The expression of immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity of patients in different risk groups were analyzed separately. Results: A total of 19 prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs were identified and then the prognostic risk model was well established. The patients were divided into high- and low-risk group based on the median value of the risk scores. Compared with the patients in the low-risk group, the prognosis of the patients in the high-risk group was relatively poor. The ROC curves showed that this model had excellent sensitivity and specificity. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk score could be used as an independent prognostic risk factor. The expression levels of immune checkpoint CD276, PVR, and VTCN1 were significantly increased in the high-risk group. Finally, we found that the risk scores were correlated with immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity. Conclusion: We constructed a prognostic risk model in LUAD patients based on m6A-related lncRNAs. This model was also associated with the expression of immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity, which will provide new insights into immunotherapy for LUAD patients in the future.
Elucidation of a Novel Mechanism of Presepsin Production by Monocyte/macrophage Phagocytosis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Ikegame Akishige , Kondo Akihiro , Kitaguchi Ken , Sasa Kanami , Miyoshi Masashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Presepsin, a biomarker discovered in Japan, has been clinically applied as a diagnostic aid for sepsis. Recently, however, it has been reported that presepsin levels are elevated in patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus without infection, suggesting the existence of a production mechanism that does not involve bacterial phagocytosis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of presepsin production without bacterial phagocytosis and explore the clinical significance of presepsin. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were induced by Escherichia coli and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in neutrophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. NET induction alone did not increase presepsin levels, but co-culturing with monocytes significantly increased them. The addition of a NET formation inhibitor also suppressed presepsin levels, suggesting that presepsin production is greatly influenced by monocyte phagocytosis of NETs. Phagocytosis of NETs by THP-1 and U937 cells, which was induced by CD14 expression, also increased presepsin levels. This study suggests that presepsin can be used to assess the severity of inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, and monitor treatment effects.
Wireless Muometric Navigation System
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K.M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While satellite-based global navigation systems have become essential tools in our daily lives, their effectiveness is often hampered by the fact that the signals cannot be accessed in underground, indoor, or underwater environments. Recently, a novel navigation system has been invented to address this issue by utilizing the characteristics of the ubiquitous and highly penetrative cosmic-ray muons. This technique, muometric navigation, does not require active signal generation and enables positioning in the aforementioned environments within a reference coordinate defined by the three-dimensional positions of multiple detectors. In its first phase of development, these reference detectors had to be connected to the receivers via a wired configuration to guarantee precise time synchronization. This work describes more versatile, wireless muometric navigation system (MuWNS), which was designed in conjunction with a cost-effective, crystal-oscillator-based grandmaster clock and a performance evaluation is reported for shallow underground/indoor, deep underground and undersea environments. It was confirmed that MuWNS offers a navigation quality almost equivalent to aboveground GPS-based handheld navigation by determining the distance between the reference frame and the receivers within a precision range between 1 m and 10 m.
Fractal Geometry Based Chakra-shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Vehicular Communications Under 5G Environments
Authors: RAHIM ABDUL , Malik Praveen Kumar , Das Sudipta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, fractal geometry based two printed antenna structures are proposed for vehicular communication in 5G wireless communication networks. Initially, a 48×39 mm2 single element fractal patch antenna is designed and tested which shows dual band resonance at around 28.1 GHz and 32.5 GHz. In order to improve different antenna characteristic descriptors such as bandwidth, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain, number of fractal radiating elements have been increased to four and constructed an array of patches such that it can be used for multiple applications in the field of vehicular communications. For better performance, the antenna is replicated in the form of a 2×2 patch array such that the performance can be increased by at least 20%. The proposed array model is fabricated on a Rogers RT duroid 5880tm material of size 115×82 mm2 and tested using Agilent Technologies N5247A VNA. The measured results confirm the validity of the designed model for intended applications. The proposed array antenna operates at distinct quintuple bands in the frequency range of 25—36 GHz for vehicular communication within the proposed lower fifth generation (5G) channel. The proposed array configuration shows a good peak gain of 6.72dB within the operating bands.
MoS 2 -based absorbers: whole visible spectrum coverage with high efficiency
Authors: Hashemi Mahdieh , Ansari Narges , Vazyefi Mahsa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To design highly efficient and broadband nanometer-sized absorbers based on the atomically thin transition metal dichalco-genides (TMDCs), we propose utilizing inclined gold gratings on MoS 2 monolayer. In the case of gold gratings with zero inclination, coverage of the absorption spectrum in the entire visible range occurs between the values of 42% to 73%. Considerable increase in the absorbed light occurs by introducing 13 nm inclination to the gold gratings with equal values of the grating’s period and width as 60 nm. With the application of this grating, maximum absorption of 88% is reached and the absorption bandwidth covers the entire visible spectrum with only 12% variation of the absorption value relative to this maximum (88%). Footprints of resonant excitation of two different modes in the absorber structure are evident: the named "reflection" mode and localized surface plasmons (LSPs). Inclination of the gratings leads the LSP modes to slide toward the MoS 2 and causes a remarkable increment in the absorption efficiency. An impressive absorption value of 56% in MoS 2 monolayer is gained by the gold grating’s inclination of 17 nm. The designed absorber paves a new way in designing TMDC-based absorbers with extended bandwidths and higher efficiencies.
PD-L1 Mediates Triple Negative Breast Cancer Evolution by Regulating TAM/M2 Polarization
Authors: meng ziqi , Zhang Rui , Wu Xuwei , Zhang Meihua , Jin Tiefeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to explore the role of αPD-L1 (PD-L1 inhibitor) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells metastasis and angiogenesis by regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization and its possible molecular mechanism.
Methods
The effects of αPD-L1 on tumor metastasis and TAMs polarization were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of M2-type macrophages (TAM/M2) and M1-type macrophages (TAM/M1) surface markers were detected by flow cytometry, western blot and IF staining assays. The effects of αPD-L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of TAM/M2 were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assays. The effects of αPD-L1 on the migration capability of TNBC cells were detected by wound healing and transwell assays. The effects of angiogenesis were detected by endothelial tube formation and western blot assays. The effects of αPD-L1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and stemness of TNBC cells were detected by western blot and IF staining assays. The expression and location of STAT3 and p-STAT3 proteins in cells were detected by western blot and IF staining assays.
Results
In this study, we demonstrated that αPD-L1 significantly inhibited IL-13-induced TAM/M2 polarization in vitro. αPD-L1 inhibited EMT process and stemness of TNBC cells mediated by reversing TAM/M2 polarization, thus inhibiting the migration and angiogenesis of TNBC cells. αPD-L1 prevented STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, resulting in TAM/M2 polarization arrest. αPD-L1 reduced the number of lung metastases without affecting tumor growth in vivo. αPD-L1 reduced the expression of TAM/M2, EMT, stemness, and vascular markers in tumor tissues.
Conclusions
Taken together, these data suggest that αPD-L1 plays a vital role in anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis of TNBC in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting TAM/M2 polarization.
The impassable gap between experiential and symbolic values
Authors: Garcia Basile , Lebreton Maël , Bourgeois-Gironde Sacha , Palminteri Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To choose between options of different natures, standard decision models presume that a single representational system ultimately indexes their subjective value on a common scale, regardless of how they are constructed. To challenge this assumption, we systematically investigated hybrid decisions between experiential options, whose value is built from past outcomes experience, and symbolic options which describe probabilistic outcomes. We show that participants' choices exhibited a pattern consistent with a systematic neglect of the experiential values. This normatively irrational decision strategy held after accounting for alternative explanations, and persisted when it bore an economics cost. Overall, our results demonstrate that experiential and symbolic values are not symmetrically considered in hybrid decisions, suggesting that they are not commensurable and recruit different representational systems which may be assigned different priority levels in the decision process. These findings challenge the dominant models commonly used in value-based decision-making research.
An Iterative Model for Identifying Essential Proteins based on the Whole Process Network of Protein Evolution
Authors: Zhu Yaocan , Liu Xin , Chen Zhiping , Zhang Zhen , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Essential proteins play important roles in cell growth and regulation. However, due to high cost and low efficiency of traditional biological experiments to identify essential proteins, in recent years, with the development of high-throughput technologies and bioinformatics, more and more computational models have been proposed to infer key proteins based on Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks.Result: In order to improve the predictive accuracy of computational methods, a novel prediction model named MWPNPE (Model based on the Whole Process Network of Protein Evolution) was proposed to infer potential basic proteins in this manuscript. In MWPNPE, known PPI data and gene expression data were first downloaded from benchmark databases and adopted to construct the whole process network of protein evolution. And then, considering that the interaction between proteins is a kind of dynamic process, a new measure was designed to estimate the relationships between proteins, based on which, an improved iterative algorithm was put forward to evaluate the importance of proteins. Finally, in order to verify the predictive performance of MWPNPE, we compared it with state-of-the-art representative computational methods, and experimental results demonstrated that the recognition accuracy of MWPNPE in the top 100, 200 and 300 candidate key proteins can reach 89, 166 and 233 respectively, which is significantly better than the predictive accuracies achieved by these competitive methods.Conclusions: Through combining a variety of data sources of proteins, a whole process network of protein evolution was constructed first in this manuscript, which greatly reduced the noises and errors existing in original PPI networks. Moreover, through considering the dynamic process of interactions between proteins in the network, a new measure was designed to estimate the relationship between proteins, which improved the predictive accuracy of the newly proposed model effectively. Hence, it can be seen that MWPNPE may be a useful tool for the development of key protein recognition in the future.