bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of wind directions on the airflow and pollutant concentrations in the 3D street canyon with different canyon configurations
Authors: Jon Kwang Song , Huang Yuan-dong , Sin Chung Hyok , Cui Peng-yi , Luo Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present study, effects of the wind directions on the airflow and pollutant concentrations in the different canyon configurations (step-up, flat and step-down canyon) are investigated by numerical simulation and the wind-tunnel experiment, respectively. Specifically, five wind directions of α = 90°, 60°, 45°, 30°and 0° (α is the angle between the approaching flow and street canyon) are considered in the step-up, flat and step-down canyons. The results reveal that the wind direction has a vital influence on the flow structures in the different canyon configurations. When α is relatively small (0°, 30°), ventilation capacity is similar in all of the canyon configurations (step-up, flat and step-down canyon). However, under the large α (45°, 60° and 90°) wind direction, the significant difference of ventilation capacity can be obtained among the step-up, flat and step-down canyons. When α = 45°, the ACH of step-up canyon is much higher than that of flat and step-down canyons. When α = 60° and 90°, ventilation capacity is the highest in the step-up canyon and the lowest in the step-down canyon. As for the pollutant concentrations on the building walls under the perpendicular wind direction, the leeward side of the step-up and flat canyons is polluted from the floor to the top and will affect the indoor air quality through the windows. For the step-down canyon, high pollutant occurred at the windward side, which is contrary to that in the flat and step-up canyon. Notably, the pollutant accumulated on the leeward side and then gradually change to concerned on the windward side of step-down canyon with the increases of α. The findings in the present study are conductive to understanding the effects of canyon configurations together with wind directions on the airflow structures and pollutant dispersion inside the canyon, and the results will provide technical support for urban building planning to control air pollution during the urban renewal.
Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharides Prevents Hematopoietic Regression in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hematopoietic Microenvironment
Authors: Jing Pengwei , Song Xiaoying , Xiong Lirong , Wang Biyao , Wang Yaping , Wang Lu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Extrinsic molecular mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) aging are still poorly understood, and a potential protective medication needs to be explored.
Materials and Methods
The senescent parameters of hematopoietic cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) including cell cycle analysis, senescence-associated SA-β-gal staining and signals, hematopoietic factors and cellular junction were analyzed in femur and tibia of rats. Furthermore, Sca-1+ HSPCs and BMSCs co-culture system was established to evaluate the direct effects of BMSC feeder layer to HSPCs. Oxidative DNA damage indicators in Sca-1+ HSCs and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of BMSCs, gap junction intercellular communication between BMSCs, osteogenesis/adipogenisis differentiation balance of BMSCs were detected.
Results
In the D-gal pre-administrated rats, ASP treatment rescued senescence of hematopoietic cells and BMSCs, reserved CFU-GEMM; also, ASP treatment attenuated stromal oxidative load, ameliorated SCF, CXCL12, and GM-CSF production, increased Connexin-43 (Cx43) expression. BMSCs and Sca-1+ HSPCs co-cultivation demonstrated that ASP treatment prevented oxidative DNA damage response in co-cultured Sca-1+ HSPCs induced by D-gal pre-administration of feeder layer and the underlying mechanism may be related to ASP ameliorating feeder layer dysfunction due to D-gal induced senescence via inhibiting secretion of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and RANTES, enhancing Cx43-mediated intercellular communication, improving Runx2 expression whereas decreasing PPARγ expression in BMSCs.
Conclusions
The antioxidant property of ASP may provide a stroma-mediated potential therapeutic strategy for HSPC aging.
Impact of Arterial Location, Pressure Wave Indicators, and Measurement Devices on Arterial Form Factor and Mean and Central Arterial Pressure
Authors: Izzo Joseph , Mukhopadhyay Debduti , Nagpal Sagar , Osmond Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is often estimated from cuff systolic (S) and diastolic (D) blood pressure (BP) using a fixed arterial form factor (FF, usually 0.33). If MAP is measured accurately, a true FF can be calculated: FF = [MAP–DBP] / [SBP–DBP]. Because waveform shapes vary, true measured FF should also vary and MAP accuracy may be affected. We studied factors affecting FF using radial tonography (SphygmoCor, n = 376) or brachial oscillometry (Mobil-O-Graph, n = 157) and to compare devices, 101 pairs were matched precisely for SBP and DBP. SphygmoCor brachioradial FF correlated strongly with central FF (r2 = 0.75), central augmentation index (cAI, r2 = 0.39), and inversely with pulse pressure amplification (PPA) ratio (r2 = 0.44) [all p < 0.000]; brachioradial FF was lower than central (c) FF (0.34 vs 0.44, 95% CI’s [0.23,0.46] and [0.34,0.54], p < 0.000); and on forward stepwise regression, brachioradial FF correlated with PPA ratio, age, heart rate, and cAI (multiple-r2 0.63, p < 0.000). With Mobil-O-Graph: brachial FF was fixed, lower than the corresponding cFF [mean(SD)] 0.46(0.00098) vs 0.57(0.048), p < 0.000], and uncorrelated with other characteristics; MAP and cSBP were higher than SphygmoCor by 6.3 and 2.2 mmHg (p < 0.005) but also had significant systematic negative biases. We conclude that with radial tonometry (SphygmoCor), FF varies with pulse wave morphology within and between individuals and by measurement site, age, and heart rate. With oscillometry (Mobil-O-Graph), brachial FF was unrelated to other clinical variables, fixed and high; MAP and cSBP were higher than tonometry, with systematic negative biases.
Design of Standalone Wireless Impedance Matching (SWIM) System for RF Coils in MRI
Authors: Kandala Sri Kirthi , Sohn Sung-Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The radio frequency (RF) power transfer efficiency of transmit coils and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receive signal chain are directly dependent on the impedance matching condition presented by a loaded coil, tuned to the Larmor frequency. Sub-optimal impedance condition of receive coils significantly reduce coil sensitivity and image quality. In this study we propose a Standalone Wireless Impedance Matching (SWIM) system for RF coils to automatically compensate for the impedance mismatch caused by the loading effect at the target frequency. SWIM uses a built-in RF generator to produce a calibration signal, measure reflected power as feedback for loading change, and determine an optimal impedance. The matching network consists of a capacitor array with micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) RF switches to electronically cycle through different input impedance conditions. Along with automatic calibration, SWIM can also perform software detuning of RF receive coils. An Android mobile application was developed to monitor reflected power in real-time and control the SWIM system wirelessly via Bluetooth. The SWIM system can automatically calibrate the coil to a 33 dB return loss in 3 seconds and the SNR was improved by 24% (26.85 dB to 34.15 dB) when compared to a loaded coil without retuning.
Words Gold – Golden (золотой – Златой – Золотистый) in Russian Poetical Colour and Metaphoric Palette
Authors: Ge Yanlei , Panchenko Olena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the semantic properties of the Russian adjectives gold and golden and their functioning in the Russian poetry. We claim that their metaphorical meaning has been changed regarding different time laps and different authors (Pushkin, Akhmatova, Akhmadullina, Okudzhava, Vysotsky). The aim of this paper is to offer an analysis of these words usage in the Russian poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries. We stated that the peculiarities of usage of the words under consideration changed within time, the main semantic shifts are connected with the author’s individual style and the general turn to pragmatic society at the end of the 20th century. Thus the analysis of indirect senses of the adjectives reveal differences in Russian linguistic world views of different times.
Relationship between manual dexterity and left-right asymmetry of anatomical and functional properties of corticofugal tracts revealed by T2-weighted brain images
Authors: Oka Noriyuki , Sakoh Masaharu , Hirayama Misato , Niiyama Mayu , Gjedde Albert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The corticofugal tracts (CFT) are key agents of upper limb motor function. Although the tracts form high-intensity regions relative to surrounding tissue in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2WI), the precise relations of signal intensities of the left and right CFT regions to hand function are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the different signal intensities between the left and right CFT signify clinically important differences of hand motor function. Eleven right-handed and eleven left-handed healthy volunteers participated in the study. Based on horizontal T2WI estimates, we confirmed the relationship between the signal intensity ratios of the peak values of each CFT in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules (right CFT vs. left CFT). The ratios included the asymmetry indices of the hand motor functions, including grip and pinch strength, as well as the target test (TT) that expressed the speed and accuracy of hitting a target ([right-hand score – left-hand score]/[right-hand score + left-hand score]), using simple linear regression. The signal intensity ratios of each CFT structure maintained significant linear relations with the asymmetry index of the speed (R2 = 0.493, P = 0.0003) and accuracy (R2 = 0.348, P = 0.0004) of the TT. We found no significant association between left and right CFT structures for grip or pinch strengths. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the different signal intensities of the left and right CFT images captured by T2WI serve as biological markers that reflect the dominance of manual dexterity.
Anti-PD1 therapy achieved better outcomes in non-liver cancer patients with HBV infection
Authors: Jin Wenfei , Zhou Jie , Chen Guanming , Wang Jiuling , Zhou Bo , Sun Xuemin , Wang Jinsong , Tang Shu , Xing Xiangju , Hu Xiaofei , Zhao Yang , Peng Yu , Shi Wenjiong , Zhao Tingting , Wu Yuzhang , Hong Ni , Ruan Zhihua , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anti-PD1 therapy has shown promising outcomes in different types of cancer. It is valuable to analyze whether the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy has been impacted in cancer patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) since the comorbidity of HBV and cancer cannot be neglected. We designed a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy on non-liver cancer patients infected with HBV. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients to compare the responses of HBV + ESCC patients and HBV- ESCC patients to anti-PD1 therapy. We found anti-PD1 therapy achieved better outcomes in HBV + non-liver cancer patients than their HBV- counterparts. Further analysis showed cytotoxicity of T cells and antigen presentation capacity of B cells significantly increased after anti-PD1 therapy in the 2 HBV + ESCC patients. We also identified CX3CR1high TEFF, a subset of CD8+ TEFF, associated with better clinical outcome of HBV + patients. Lastly, we found CD8+ TEFF from HBV + patients have higher fraction of Exhaustionhi T and lower cytotoxicity score than their HBV- counterpart. In summary, Anti-PD1 therapy on HBV + non-liver patients is safe and achieves better outcomes than that on HBV- non-liver patients, potentially because HBV + patients had stronger immunosuppression which made them more efficiently respond to anti-PD1 therapy.
Wrist Speed Feedback Improves Elbow Compensation and Reaching Accuracy for Myoelectric Transradial Prosthesis Users in Hybrid Virtual Reaching Task
Authors: Earley Eric J. , Johnson Reva E. , Sensinger Jonathon W. , Hargrove Levi J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Myoelectric prostheses are a popular choice for restoring motor capability following the loss of a limb, but they do not provide direct feedback to the user about the movements of the device - in other words, kinesthesia. The outcomes of studies providing artificial sensory feedback are often influenced by the availability of incidental feedback. When subjects are blindfolded and disconnected from the prosthesis, artificial sensory feedback consistently improves control; however, when subjects wear a prosthesis and can see the task, benefits often deteriorate or become inconsistent. We theorize that providing artificial sensory feedback about prosthesis speed, which cannot be precisely estimated via vision, will improve the learning and control of a myoelectric prosthesis.
Methods
In this study, we test a joint-speed feedback system with six transradial amputee subjects to evaluate how it affects myoelectric control and adaptation behavior during a virtual reaching task.
Results
Our results showed that joint-speed feedback lowered reaching errors and compensatory movements during steady-state reaches. However, the same feedback provided no improvement when control was perturbed.
Conclusions
These outcomes suggest that the benefit of joint speed feedback may be dependent on the complexity of the myoelectric control and the context of the task.
Association between Intergenerational Care based on Living arrangements and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults—The mediation roles of Social activities and Depressive symptoms
Authors: Hou Xuebei , Xiong Yuan , Qiao Guiyuan , Zhou Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: In the context of an ageing population and age-related conditions increasing, more and more middle-aged and older persons are involved in grandchildren care. This study aims to investigate the association between intergenerational care based on living arrangements and cognitive function, and explore the mediating effects of social activities and depressive symptoms on grandchildren care and cognition.Methods: This study selected 5490 Chinese people (≥45 years old) from 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants answered questions related to socio-demographics, Mini-mental State Examination, grandchildren care, the intensity of grandchildren care, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and social activity. Results: This study found that caring for grandchildren and co-habited with spouse had a significant positive effect on cognitive function among the middle-aged and elderly people (B=0.829, p<0.001). Furthermore, providing intensive or no-intensive children care positively influenced cognitive function. In contrast, providing intergenerational care but not co-habited with spouse negatively affected cognition (B=-0.545, p<0.05). Moreover, caring for grandchildren had direct and indirect effects on cognition, as mediated by social activities and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: This study highlights that providing grandchildren care and co-habited with spouse is associated with better cognition. The social activities and depressive symptoms act as moderated roles between caring for grandchildren and cognition. The findings emphasize the living arrangement, social engagement and psychological health could be considered when encouraging grandparenting care as a complement to formal care.
Absolute Dating of Construction Materials and Petrological Characterisation of Mortars from the Santalla de Bóveda Monument (Lugo, Spain)
Authors: Blanco-Rotea Rebeca , Sanjurjo-Sánchez Jorge , Freire-Lista David M. , García Rosa Benavides 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The construction materials of the Santalla de Bóveda Monument, one of the most studied buildings in Galicia (Spain), are analysed to date the mortars and bricks of walls and vaults by combining three dating techniques: optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and thermoluminescence. Petrological characterisation of the mortars themselves is carried out. Until now, the paintings on the vault have been interpreted as Roman, early Christian or pre-Romanesque, depending on the interpretative framework used by the researcher who studied them. There is also no consensus on their functionality. A total of 21 samples were collected and 39 datings were made. The results are conclusive: the original building dates from the second half of the 4th century AD, the paintings date from the beginning of the 7th century or the upper floor from the 10th-12th centuries. These results make it necessary to review the history of Galician architecture between Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval Ages.
Screening of active ingredients in Kaixin Powder for Alzheimer’s disease based on molecular docking
Authors: Cheng Guo-liang , Lei Wei , Liang Hong-bao , Sun Cheng-hong , Yao Jing-chun , Feng Qun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Using molecular docking technique, some active ingredients in Kaixin Powder would be sorted based on the three-dimensional structures of key targets of Alzheimer’s disease.
Methods
The ingredients of Kaixin Powder were obtained by searching relevant literatures. The targets of Alzheimer’s disease were searched from databases like GeneCards, DisGeNET, NCBI, UniProt and KEGG. The core targets of Alzheimer’s disease were obtained by intersection of the above databases. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software to explore the affinity and binding modes between candidate ingredients with the core targets.
Results
The results showed that 112 structures were detected from Kaixin Powder and the ingredients mainly belonged to ginsenosides, polygala saponins, xanthones, oligosaccharide esters and Poria triterpenoids. Eleven targets close to Alzheimer’s disease were summarized from the databases. The combining capacity of active ingredients with APP and MAPT was worse and that with PTGS2, BACE1, ACHE and NMDA was better.
Conclusion
With the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target, there is a component-target-pathway crosstalk in the anti-AD effect and nervous system protection of Kaixin Powder. Molecular docking technique to mine active ingredients is used to facilitate the discovery of novel anti-AD and lead compounds from Chinese herbal medicines.
Impact of Income Inequality on human development in Emerging Economies- a Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Logar Bhavya , Nizami Nausheen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emerging Economies have been experiencing stupendous economic growth since the early 2000s. In spite of the growth, these economies are still plagued with persistent income inequality. Consequently, this gave rise to an imperative debate around the distribution of income and its impact on development. The present research focuses on examining the impact of income inequality (measured by Gini Coefficient) on the development (measured by HDI) in emerging economies using the Standardised World Income Inequality Database (SWIID), 2020. HDI-a composite index comprising of education, health and income indices is coherent with the aim to observe a deeper and wider implications of income inequality on development. The study utilizes panel data for nine emerging economies namely; Argentina, Chile, Russia, Brazil, China, Mexico, India, Indonesia and South Africa from 2008–2017. The paper employs four empirical models of OLS, LSDV, Fixed effect and Random effect for analysis. Drawing from existing literature, it was observed that inequality had a negative impact on transmission channels such as education and health. The research showed a negative correlation of -0.54 between human development and income inequality. Additionally, the empirical models also pointed towards an inverse relationship between human development and income inequality.
Prehospital characteristics of COVID-19 patients transported by emergency medical service and the predictors of a prehospital sudden deterioration in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Demisse Lemlem Beza , Baru Ararso , Alemayehu Michael , Sultan Menbeu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Severally ill COVID- 19 patients may require urgent transport to a specialized facility for advanced care. Prehospital transport is inherently risky; the patient's health may deteriorate, and potentially fatal situations may arise. Hence, early detection of clinically worsening patients in a prehospital setting may enable in selecting the best receiving facility, arranging for swift transportation, and providing the most accurate and timely therapies. The incidence and predictors of abrupt prehospital clinical deterioration among critically ill patients in Ethiopia are relatively limited.Study objectives. It will be useful to show the claims that the researchers are making and to verify that they have achieved their promises in the article's discussion section.Methods. There is no theoretical foundation for this study because no similar study has been conducted in the past. A prospective cohort study of 591 COVID-19 patients transported by a public EMS in Addis Ababa was conducted to determine the incidence of sudden clinical deterioration during prehospital transportation and its predictors. For data entry, Epi data V4.2 and SPSS V 25 was used for analysis. To control the effect of confounders, the candidate variables for multivariable analysis were chosen using a p 0.25 inclusion threshold from bivariate analysis. A statistically significant association was declared at adjusted relative risk (ARR) ≠ 1 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) and a p-value < 0.05 after adjusting for potential confounders.Results. The incidence of prehospital sudden clinical deterioration in this study was 10.8%. The independent predictors of prehospital sudden clinical deterioration were total prehospital time [ARR 1.03(95%; CI: 1.00-1.06)]; queuing delays [ARR 1.03(95%; CI:1.00-1.06)]; initial prehospital respiratory rate [ARR 1.07(95% CI:1.01-1.13)], and diabetic Mellitus [ARR 1.06(95%; CI: 1.01-1.11)]. Conclusion. In the current study, one in every ten COVID-19 patients experienced a clinical deterioration while an EMS provider was present. The factors that determined rapid deterioration were total prehospital time, queueing delays, the initial respiratory rate, and diabetes mellitus. Queueing delays should be managed in order to find a way to decrease overall prehospital time. According to this finding, more research on prehospital intervention and indicators of prehospital clinical deterioration in Ethiopia is warranted.