bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological evaluation of melanocytic lesions with three-dimensional line-field confocal optical coherence tomography: correlation with histopathology and reflectance confocal microscopy. A pilot study
Authors: Perez-Anker Javiera , Puig Susana , Alos Llucia , García Adriana , Alejo Beatriz , Cinotti Elisa , Orte Cano Carmen , Tognetti Linda , Lenoir Clement , Monnier Jilliana , Machuca Natalia , Castillo Paola , Rosés-Gibert P , Rubegni Pietro , Suppa Mariano , Perrot Jean Luc , del Marmol Veronique , Malvehy Josep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new in vivo emerging technique that provides cellular resolution, allows deep imaging (400 μm) and produces real-time images in both the horizontal and vertical plane and in three dimensions. No previous description of different subtypes of melanocytic lesions and their correlation with histopathology and reflectance confocal microscopy has been reported.

Aim
To describe the features of melanocytic lesions by LC-OCT and their correlation with histopathology and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings.

Methods
Selected melanocytic benign lesions and melanomas were imaged in vivo with RCM and LC-OCT at the Fundación Hospital Clinic (Barcelona, Spain). A minimum area of 4 × 4 mm (block image) at four depths (stratum granulosum, suprabasal, layer dermoepidermal junction and upper dermis) were acquired with RCM and a minimum of three cubes with LC-OCT. Horizontal, vertical sections and three-dimensional (3D) cubes of LC-OCT were matched with RCM (Vivablock two-dimensional composite mosaic) and histopathology, with ~5 μm lateral resolution accuracy (the same cell nuclei were measured in X, Y and Z) and evaluated by three observers experienced in using RCM and histopathology.

Results
In total, 12 melanocytic tumours (2 in situ melanomas, 2 invasive melanomas, 4 atypical naevi, 2 intradermal naevi, 1 compound naevus and 1 junctional naevus) were included. High correlation with 5 μm accuracy between RCM and LC-OCT was observed for each tumour. The 3D images of melanocytic lesions were obtained with cellular resolution and correlated with both RCM and histopathology, allowing an understanding of the architecture and precise correlation at the cellular level with RCM. Similarities between LC-OCT and RCM for the described diagnostic features and architecture (nests of melanocytic cells, ringed and meshwork pattern, and cellular details of tumour cells as dendritic and pagetoid cells) were confirmed. The main advantage of diagnosis by RCM fixed probe was the ability to produce larger scans of the lesion using mosaicing compared with an LC-OCT handheld probe.

Conclusion
LC-OCT allows the architectural and cellular description of different types of melanocytic lesions. LC-OCT showed high correlation with histopathology (vertical sections) and RCM (horizontal sections) in melanocytic lesions. Diagnostic criteria for RCM were similar to those for LC-OCT.
Indigenous insights on human–wildlife coexistence in southern India
Authors: Jolly Helina , Satterfield Terre , Kandlikar Milind , TR Suma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs human–wildlife conflicts escalate worldwide, concepts such as tolerance and acceptance of wildlife are becoming increasingly important. Yet, contemporary conservation studies indicate a limited understanding of positive human–wildlife interactions, leading to potentially inaccurate representations of human–animal encounters. Failure to address these limitations contributes to the design and implementation of poor wildlife and landscape management plans and the dismissal of Indigenous ecological knowledge. We examined Indigenous perspectives on human–wildlife coexistence in India by drawing ethnographic evidence from Kattunayakans, a forest‐dwelling Adivasi community living in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala. Through qualitative field study that involved interviews and transect walks inside the forests, we found that Kattunayakans displayed tolerance and acceptance of wild animals characterized as forms of deep coexistence that involves three central ideas: wild animals as rational conversing beings; wild animals as gods, teachers, and equals; and wild animals as relatives with shared origins practicing dharmam. We argue that understanding these adequately will support efforts to bring Kattunayakan perspectives into the management of India's forests and contribute to the resolution of the human–wildlife conflict more broadly.
A comprehensive review of Strongyloides stercoralis infection after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Abad Cybele Lara R. , Bhaimia Eric , Schuetz Audrey N. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe reviewed the scientific literature to gain insight on the epidemiology and outcome of Strongyloides stercoralis infections after transplantation.MethodsCINAHL, PUBMED, and OVID/MEDLINE were reviewed from inception through March 31, 2022 using key words Strongyloides and transplantation.ResultsOur review identified 108 episodes of Strongyloides infection among 91 solid organ transplant (SOT) and 15 hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Median time to infection was 10.8 (range, .14–417) and 8.8 (range, 0–208) weeks after SOT and HCT, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were frequent (86/108 [79.6%]), while skin rash (22/108 [20.3%]) and fever (31/103 [30%]) were less common. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in half of patients (41/77 [53.2%]). Bacteremia (31/59 [52.5%]) was frequently due to Gram‐negative organisms (24/31 [77.4%]). Abnormal chest radiologic findings were reported in half (56/108 [51.9%]). The majority had hyperinfection syndrome (97/108 [89.8%]) while disseminated strongyloidiasis was less common (11/108 [10.2%]). Thirty‐two cases were categorized as donor‐derived infection (DDI), with donors (23/24 [95.8%]) who had traveled to or lived in endemic areas. Median time to DDI was 8 weeks (range .5–34.3 weeks) after transplantation. Treatment consisted of ivermectin (n = 26), a benzimidazole (n = 27), or both drugs (n = 28). There was high all‐cause mortality (48/107, 44.9%) and a high Strongyloides‐attributable mortality (32/49, 65.3%).ConclusionsStrongyloidiasis should be strongly considered among recipients with epidemiologic risk factors for infection, even in the absence of eosinophilia or rash. A policy that provides guidance on pro‐active screening is needed, to ensure preventive measures are provided to recipients at increased risk.
Are cultural or psychosocial factors associated with patient‐reported outcomes at the conclusion of kidney transplant evaluation?
Authors: Swift Samuel L. , Leyva Yuri , Wang Shu , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Dew Mary Amanda , Shapiro Ron , Unruh Mark , Kendall Kellee , Croswell Emilee , Peipert John Devin , Myaskovsky Larissa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant evaluation (KTE) is a period marked by many stressors for patients, which may lead to poorer patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). Research on the association of cultural and psychosocial factors with PROs during KTE is lacking, even though cultural and psychosocial variables may mitigate the relationship between acceptance status and PROs.MethodsUsing a prospective cohort study of 955 adults referred for KTE, we examined whether cultural factors and psychosocial characteristics, assessed at the initiation of KTE, are associated with PROs at KTE completion, controlling for demographics and medical factors. Also, we analyzed whether these factors moderate the relationship between transplant acceptance status and PROs.ResultsIn multivariable regression models, a stronger sense of mastery was associated with higher physical and mental QOL. A stronger sense of self‐esteem was associated with higher kidney‐specific QOL. Depression was associated with a lower mental QOL, but only in those who were accepted for transplant. Having low levels of external locus of control was associated with better mental QOL in those who were not accepted for transplant. Higher anxiety was associated with poorer kidney‐specific QOL among those who were not accepted for KT, but trust in physician was only associated with greater satisfaction in transplant clinic service for those who were accepted for KT.ConclusionsTargeting interventions to increase patient mastery and external locus of control, and reduce depression and anxiety in patients undergoing kidney transplant evaluation may be useful approaches to improve their experience during this stressful period.
Dual impact of donor service area removal from kidney allocation system and Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on access to transplantation
Authors: Tandukar Srijan , Tandukar Zenith 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDonor service area was removed from kidney and pancreas allocation system in the United States on March 15, 2021 in favor of a distance based policy to provide geographic equity to access to transplantation. The policy change was introduced at a time when ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic cases were declining following the first delta wave.MethodsIn this Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients based study, deceased donor kidney transplant recipients between March 15 and December 2 of 2019, 2020 and 2021 were compared representing pre‐policy change, pre‐COVID cohort; pre‐policy change, early COVID cohort; and post‐policy change, late COVID cohort.ResultsThere were 11336, 11808, and 12914 kidney transplants in the 2019, 2020, and 2021 cohorts, respectively. Proportion of kidney transplants increased from 8798 (78%) to 9496 (80%) to 11152 (86%), and decreased from 2538 (22%) to 2312 (20%) to 1762 (14%) within and beyond 250 nautical miles in subsequent years. Median distance between donor and transplant hospital increased (73 vs. 63 vs. 119 nautical miles, P < .001) and mean cold ischemia time increased (18.1 vs. 17.8 vs. 19.9 h, P < .001). Access to transplantation did not change for various racial groups (P = .07), pediatric patients (P = .29), dialysis vintage of >5 years (P = .21), veterans (P = .07) and decreased for those with calculated PRA of 99% and 100% (P < .001). Rate of kidney discard (19.6% vs. 20.4% vs. 24%) remained high. Although there were numerical increases in transplants from donors with donation after circulatory death, donor acute kidney injury, kidney donor profile index >85% and donor age >60 years in successive years, rates of kidney discard also increased proportionally.ConclusionImprovement in the access to transplantation following the policy change was attenuated by the concurrent prevalence of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Tirzepatide suppresses palatable food intake by selectively reducing preference for fat in rodents
Authors: Geisler Caroline E. , Antonellis Meghan P. , Trumbauer Wolfgang , Martin Jennifer A. , Coskun Tamer , Samms Ricardo J. , Hayes Matthew R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonists alone or combined with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists to regulate palatable food intake and the role of specific macronutrients in these preferences.MethodsTo understand this regulation, we treated mice and rats on several choice diet paradigms of chow and a palatable food option with individual or dual GIPR and GLP‐1R agonists.ResultsIn mice, the dual agonist tirzepatide suppressed total caloric intake, while promoting the intake of chow over a high fat/sucrose diet. Surprisingly, GIPR agonism alone did not alter food choice. The food intake shift observed with tirzepatide in wild‐type mice was completely absent in GLP‐1R knockout mice, suggesting that GIPR signalling does not regulate food preference. Tirzepatide also selectively suppressed the intake of palatable food but not chow in a rat two‐diet choice model. This suppression was specific to lipids, as GLP‐1R agonist and dual agonist treatment in rats on a choice paradigm assessing individual palatable macronutrients robustly inhibited the intake of Crisco (lipid) without decreasing the intake of a sucrose (carbohydrate) solution.ConclusionsDecreasing preference for high‐caloric, high‐fat foods is a powerful action of GLP‐1R and dual GIPR/GLP‐1R agonist therapeutics, which may contribute to the weight loss success of these drugs.
Effects of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in Korean patients with epilepsy
Authors: Ahn Seon‐Jae , Oh Jaeseong , Kim Do‐Yong , Son Hyoshin , Hwang Sungeun , Shin Hye‐Rim , Kim Eun Young , Lee Han Sang , Lee Woo‐Jin , Moon Jangsup , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Park Kyung‐Il , Jung Ki‐Young , Lee SeungHwan , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveMany pharmacokinetic studies of lacosamide (LCM) have been reported, but no large‐scale clinical study has been conducted on genetic polymorphisms that affect the metabolism of LCM. Therefore, we designed a pharmacogenetic study of LCM to explore the effect of genetic polymorphisms on serum LCM concentration. We evaluated the pharmacodynamic characteristics of LCM, including clinical efficacy and toxicity.MethodsAdult patients with epilepsy who received LCM at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained from 115 patients taking LCM for more than 1 month with unchanged doses and were used to analyze the serum LCM concentration, the concentration/dose (C/D) ratio and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 and CYP2C19 genes. In addition, clinical information—including efficacy, toxicity, and concomitant drugs—was collected.ResultsThe serum LCM concentration showed a linear correlation with the daily dose (r = .66, p < .001). In genetic analysis, 43 patients (38.7%) were extensive metabolizers (EMs), 51 (45.9%) were intermediate metabolizers (IMs), and 17 (15.3%) were poor metabolizers (PMs). In the group comparison, mean serum concentrations and the C/D ratio showed significant differences between the three groups (p = .01 and p < .001, respectively). The C/D ratios of IM (27.78) and PM (35.6) were 13% and 39% higher than those of EM (25.58), respectively. In the pharmacodynamic subgroup analysis, patients in the ineffective LCM group had significantly lower serum concentrations (6.39 ± 3.25 vs. 8.44 ± 3.68 μg/ml, p = .024), whereas patients with adverse events had higher serum concentrations than those without adverse events (11.03 ± 4.32 vs. 7.4 ± 3.1 μg/ml, p < .001). Based on this, we suggest a reference range for LCM in the Korean population (6–9 μg/ml).SignificanceGenetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene affect the serum LCM concentration. Because efficacy and toxicity are apparently related to serum LCM levels, the genetic phenotype of CYP2C19 should be considered when prescribing LCM for patients with epilepsy.
Serotonin receptor expression in hippocampus and temporal cortex of temporal lobe epilepsy patients by postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression duration
Authors: Leitner Dominique Frances , Devore Sasha , Laze Juliana , Friedman Daniel , Mills James D. , Liu Yan , Janitz Michael , Anink Jasper J. , Baayen Johannes C. , Idema Sander , van Vliet Erwin Alexander , Diehl Beate , Scott Catherine , Thijs Roland , Nei Maromi , Askenazi Manor , Sivathamboo Shobi , O'Brien Terence , Wisniewski Thomas , Thom Maria , Aronica Eleonora , Boldrini Maura , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveProlonged postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression (PGES) is a potential biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which may be associated with dysfunctional autonomic responses and serotonin signaling. To better understand molecular mechanisms, PGES duration was correlated to 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptor protein expression and RNAseq from resected hippocampus and temporal cortex of temporal lobe epilepsy patients with seizures recorded in preoperative evaluation.MethodsAnalyses included 36 cases (age = 14–64 years, age at epilepsy onset = 0–51 years, epilepsy duration = 2–53 years, PGES duration = 0–93 s), with 13 cases in all hippocampal analyses. 5HT1A and 5HT2A protein was evaluated by Western blot and histologically in hippocampus (n = 16) and temporal cortex (n = 9). We correlated PGES duration to our previous RNAseq dataset for serotonin receptor expression and signaling pathways, as well as weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify correlated gene clusters.ResultsIn hippocampus, 5HT2A protein by Western blot positively correlated with PGES duration (p = .0024, R2 = .52), but 5HT1A did not (p = .87, R2 = .0020). In temporal cortex, 5HT1A and 5HT2A had lower expression and did not correlate with PGES duration. Histologically, PGES duration did not correlate with 5HT1A or 5HT2A expression in hippocampal CA4, dentate gyrus, or temporal cortex. RNAseq identified two serotonin receptors with expression that correlated with PGES duration in an exploratory analysis: HTR3B negatively correlated (p = .043, R2 = .26) and HTR4 positively correlated (p = .049, R2 = .25). WGCNA identified four modules correlated with PGES duration, including positive correlation with synaptic transcripts (p = .040, Pearson correlation r = .52), particularly potassium channels (KCNA4, KCNC4, KCNH1, KCNIP4, KCNJ3, KCNJ6, KCNK1). No modules were associated with serotonin receptor signaling.SignificanceHigher hippocampal 5HT2A receptor protein and potassium channel transcripts may reflect underlying mechanisms contributing to or resulting from prolonged PGES. Future studies with larger cohorts should assess functional analyses and additional brain regions to elucidate mechanisms underlying PGES and SUDEP risk.
Do sheep (Ovis aries) perform third‐party interventions?
Authors: Papadaki Kallirroi , Laliotis George P. , Koutsouli Panagiota , Pafilis Panayiotis , Bizelis Iosif 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost ungulate mammals are social species that live in large groups where agonistic encounters with con‐specifics are common. Such interactions may be a source of distress and can pose a threat to group's cohesion. Group stability may be achieved by third‐party interventions, defined as the behavior of individuals (interveners) interrupting agonistic interactions between two con‐specifics through direct physical contact, interposition, or threats. This can be costly for the intervener but may lead to benefits like reciprocity, group cohesion, and enhance lifetime fitness. The study investigated whether sheep (Ovis aries) perform third‐party interventions. Adult rams (n = 13) reared under intensive farming were observed during three different periods (A, B, C). At period A, rams formed one stable group of eight individuals. Period B started when five familiar rams returned to the group simultaneously and period C, when rams formed one stable group of 13 individuals. Scan sampling was used to record close proximity. Social behaviours between individuals were collectedad libitumto increase the number of social interactions because of the low‐sample size. In total, 125 interventions occurred. Interventions were higher in period B (N = 69; frequency = 2.55) followed by period C (N = 45; frequency = 0.56) and period A (N = 12; frequency = 0.18). Only a few individuals played a crucial role in performing this behaviour. Interventions were positively correlated with agonistic interactions. Interveners were high or middle ranked, rose faster in the social hierarchy and spent more time in social proximity. The supported animals performed more frequent affiliative behaviors. The study presents preliminary evidence of third‐party interventions in agonistic encounters of sheep, suggesting that such behaviour may act as a preventive tool towards the disruption of group stability, by enhancing long‐term fitness of interveners and supported individuals and providing valuable information for sheep welfare.
Sulfur: A potential resource crisis that could stifle green technology and threaten food security as the world decarbonises
Authors: Maslin Mark , Van Heerde Livia , Day Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSulfur in the form of sulfuric acid is a crucial part of our modern industrial society. It is required for the production of phosphorus fertiliser and manufacturing lightweight electric motors and high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. Over 246 million tonnes of sulfuric acid are used annually. Rapid growth in the green economy and intensive agriculture could see demand increase to over 400 million tonnes by 2040. Today over 80% of the global sulfur supply comes from desulfurisation of fossil fuels to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas. Decarbonisation of the global economy to deal with climate change will greatly reduce the production of fossil fuels. This will create a shortfall in the annual supply of sulfuric acid of between 100 and 320 million tonnes by 2040, depending on how quickly decarbonisation occurs. Unless action is taken to reduce the need for sulfuric acid, a massive increase in environmentally damaging mining will be required to fill this resource demand.
“If we don't do it, who will?” Strategies of social reproduction at the margins
Authors: Nassif Gabriella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMigrant domestic workers (MDW) in Lebanon suffer grave human rights abuses as highly exploited social reproduction laborers under the kafala, or visa sponsorship system. Amidst the current economic and political crises in Lebanon, compounded by the spread of COVID‐19, MDW find themselves in an even more precarious situation. As funding from international and local nongovernment organizations is unable to keep up with the increasing demands for support, MDW community leaders and activists have shifted their labor in order to support some of the most marginalized members of this community of workers. To do this, these workers strategically use their often‐minimal personal sources of social reproduction resources to create this network of support. In so doing, the grassroots work of these MDW become yet another “fix” to capital's continuing crises and equally challenge their construction as a class of workers whose social reproduction needs can be disregarded.
PREDICTIONS WITHOUT FUTURES*
Authors: Hong Sun‐ha 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTModernity held sacred the aspirational formula of the open future: a promise of human determination that doubles as an injunction to control. Today, the banner of this plannable future is borne by technology. Allegedly impersonal, neutral, and exempt from disillusionment with ideology, belief in technological change saturates the present horizon of historical futures. Yet I argue that this is exactly how today's technofutures enact a hegemony of closure and sameness. In particular, the growing emphasis on prediction as AI's skeleton key to all social problems constitutes what religious studies calls cosmograms: universalizing models that govern how facts and values relate to each other, providing a common and normative point of reference. In a predictive paradigm, social problems are made conceivable only as objects of calculative control—control that can never be fulfilled but that persists as an eternally deferred and recycled horizon. I show how this technofuture is maintained not so much by producing literally accurate predictions of future events but through ritualized demonstrations of predictive time.