bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Bone Mineral Density in the Femoral Neck and Lumbar
Spine using Texture Analysis of Chest and Pelvis Computed Tomography
Hounsfield Unit
Authors: Min Young-Kyung , Lee Dong-Ha , Yoo Jae-Heung , Park Man-Jun , Huh Jung-Wook , Kim MinWoo 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to establish an academic basis for using a computed tomography
(CT) model for predicting osteoporosis in the clinical setting by illustrating the effectiveness of
morphometric texture analysis. We introduce texture analysis and quantitative approaches using CT
Hounsfield units (HU) to screen osteoporosis.

Methods:
From March 6th, 2013, to August 11th, 2020, a total of 4,333 cases (1,766 patients) were
included in the study. After applying exclusion criteria concerning the patient status and scan interval
between CT and DXA, we selected only 1,647 samples (736 patients) and analyzed both their CT and
DXA bone mineral density (BMD) results. BMD was measured in the femoral neck and L1 spine
body. A region of interest (ROI) was extracted from each patient’s CT as the maximum trabecular area
of the L1 spine body and femoral neck. A total of 45 texture features were extracted from every ROI
using gray-level co-occurrence matrices. Machine-learning techniques, including linear regression
(LR) and artificial neural network (ANN), were applied to predict BMD.

Results:
We assigned samples to (1) Set 1 (857 lumbar spine samples in chest model, L1 spine DXA
BMD), (2) Set 2 (392 lumbar spine samples in lumbar spine CT model, L1 spine DXA BMD), (3) Set
3 (1,249 lumbar spine samples in both chest and lumbar spine CT model, L1 spine DXA BMD), (4)
Set 4 (398 femoral neck samples in hip and pelvis CT model, femoral neck DXA BMD), and (5) Set 5
(a total of 1,647 samples). When we applied LR, the correlation coefficients between estimated and
reference values for Sets 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.783, 0.784, 0.757, and 0.652, respectively. For total
samples (Set 5), LR and ANN provided correlation coefficients of 0.707 and 0.782, respectively.

Conclusion:
The modality using morphometric texture analysis with CT HU can be an additional diagnostic
tool for osteoporosis and an alternative for DXA.
Urinary Tract Infection in Infants <1 Month of Age: Demographic,
Clinical, and Microbiological Characteristics
Authors: Firouzi Majid , Karamian Armin , Modiri Roshanak , Hosseinirad Hossein 
Published: November 2022

Background:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 infants aged <1 month with
proven UTI admitted to three major teaching hospitals for the period 2010-2018 to assess clinical,
demographic, and laboratory findings of urinary tract infection in this age group.

Methods:
All information was extracted from the medical records. Urinary tract infection was defined
as ≥ 50,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of a single uropathogen isolated from a catheterized or
suprapubic aspiration or greater than 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter from a midstream,
clean-catch sample.

Results:
The most common pathogen isolated was E. coli (78.4%), followed by Enterobacter and
Klebsiella, accounting for 12.1 and 4.7% respectively. The main presenting clinical manifestation was
jaundice, which was found in 54.7% of cases; it was followed by restlessness (45.6%) and fever (40%).

Conclusion:
During infancy, the signs and symptoms of UTI are often nonspecific and although urine
culture is a gold standard diagnostic tool specimen collection is challenging and urine contamination is
common in children, therefore it makes the diagnosis difficult. UTI in infants may indicate underlying
genitourinary abnormalities; therefore, appropriate diagnosis and immediate initiation of antibiotic
therapy are crucial to decrease long-term complications like renal scarring. According to our study, the
most common clinical features were jaundice, restlessness, and fever, therefore it is suggested that
urine culture should be performed for all infants presenting with these signs and symptoms.
Safety of Soluplus® in Pediatrics
Authors: Schmitt Georg 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
This paper provides information on the risk and acceptability of the polymeric solubilizer
Soluplus® as an excipient in pediatric formulations. The assessment was performed based on
safety data available from the manufacturer and publicly available data sources. Soluplus® is virtually
non-toxic in rats and dogs after oral administration, consistent with its negligible systemic exposure.
The non-toxic dose levels established in animals translate into a substantial Human Equivalent
Dose (>300 mg/kg). Clinical safety data in adult subjects further support the presumed safe use
of Soluplus® in pediatric clinical formulations. Based on existing data, additional toxicology studies
in juvenile animals are not warranted. Overall, the use of Soluplus® as an excipient in pediatric
oral clinical formulations in 300 mg or 30 mg/kg can be considered reasonably safe.
Incidence and Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in South Korea: Retrospective Analysis of National Claims Data
Authors: Ryu Gi Wook , Park Young Shin , Kim Jeewuan , Yang Yong Sook , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Mona 
Published: November 2022

Background
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) causes blood vessel narrowing that decreases blood flow to the lower extremities, with symptoms such as leg pain, discomfort, and intermittent claudication. PAD increases risks for amputation, poor health-related quality of life, and mortality. It is estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide have PAD, although the paucity of PAD research in the East detracts from knowledge on global PAD epidemiology. There are few national data–based analyses or health care utilization investigations. Thus, a national data analysis of PAD incidence and prevalence would provide baseline data to enable health promotion strategies for patients with PAD.

Objective
This study aims to identify South Korean trends in the incidence and prevalence of PAD and PAD treatment, in-hospital deaths, and health care utilization.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of South Korean national claims data from 2009 to 2018. The incidence of PAD was determined by setting the years 2010 and 2011 as a washout period to exclude previously diagnosed patients with PAD. The study included adults aged ≥20 and <90 years who received a primary diagnosis of PAD between 2011 and 2018; patients were stratified according to age, sex, and insurance status for the incidence and prevalence analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to assess incidence, prevalence, endovascular revascularization (EVR) events, amputations, in-hospital deaths, and the health care utilization characteristics of patients with PAD.

Results
Based on data from 2011 to 2018, there were an average of 124,682 and 993,048 incident and prevalent PAD cases, respectively, in 2018. PAD incidence (per 1000 persons) ranged from 2.68 to 3.09 during the study period. From 2012 to 2018, the incidence rate in both sexes showed an increasing trend. PAD incidence continued to increase with age. PAD prevalence (per 1000 persons) increased steadily, from 3.93 in 2011 to 23.55 in 2018. The number of EVR events varied between 933 and 1422 during the study period, and both major and minor amputations showed a decreasing trend. Health care utilization characteristics showed that women visited clinics more frequently than men, whereas men used tertiary and general hospitals more often than women.

Conclusions
The number of incident and prevalent PAD cases generally showed an increasing trend. Visits to tertiary and general hospitals were higher among men than women. These results indicate the need for attention not only to Western and male patients, but also to Eastern and female patients with PAD. The results are generalizable, as they are based on national claims data from the entire South Korean population, and they can promote preventive care and management strategies for patients with PAD in clinical and public health settings.
Assessment and Improvement of Drug Data Structuredness From Electronic Health Records: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Reinecke Ines , Siebel Joscha , Fuhrmann Saskia , Fischer Andreas , Sedlmayr Martin , Weidner Jens , Bathelt Franziska 
Published: November 2022

Background
Digitization offers a multitude of opportunities to gain insights into current diagnostics and therapies from retrospective data. In this context, real-world data and their accessibility are of increasing importance to support unbiased and reliable research on big data. However, routinely collected data are not readily usable for research owing to the unstructured nature of health care systems and a lack of interoperability between these systems. This challenge is evident in drug data.

Objective
This study aimed to present an approach that identifies and increases the structuredness of drug data while ensuring standardization according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification.

Methods
Our approach was based on available drug prescriptions and a drug catalog and consisted of 4 steps. First, we performed an initial analysis of the structuredness of local drug data to define a point of comparison for the effectiveness of the overall approach. Second, we applied 3 algorithms to unstructured data that translated text into ATC codes based on string comparisons in terms of ingredients and product names and performed similarity comparisons based on Levenshtein distance. Third, we validated the results of the 3 algorithms with expert knowledge based on the 1000 most frequently used prescription texts. Fourth, we performed a final validation to determine the increased degree of structuredness.

Results
Initially, 47.73% (n=843,980) of 1,768,153 drug prescriptions were classified as structured. With the application of the 3 algorithms, we were able to increase the degree of structuredness to 85.18% (n=1,506,059) based on the 1000 most frequent medication prescriptions. In this regard, the combination of algorithms 1, 2, and 3 resulted in a correctness level of 100% (with 57,264 ATC codes identified), algorithms 1 and 3 resulted in 99.6% (with 152,404 codes identified), and algorithms 1 and 2 resulted in 95.9% (with 39,472 codes identified).

Conclusions
As shown in the first analysis steps of our approach, the availability of a product catalog to select during the documentation process is not sufficient to generate structured data. Our 4-step approach reduces the problems and reliably increases the structuredness automatically. Similarity matching shows promising results, particularly for entries with no connection to a product catalog. However, further enhancement of the correctness of such a similarity matching algorithm needs to be investigated in future work.
The Good Talk! A Serious Game to Boost People’s Competence to Have Open Conversations About COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elkin Javier A , McDowell Michelle , Yau Brian , Machiri Sandra Varaidzo , Pal Shanthi , Briand Sylvie , Muneene Derrick , Nguyen Tim , Purnat Tina D 
Published: November 2022

Background
Vaccine hesitancy is one of the many factors impeding efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Exacerbated by the COVID-19 infodemic, misinformation has undermined public trust in vaccination, led to greater polarization, and resulted in a high social cost where close social relationships have experienced conflict or disagreements about the public health response.

Objective
The purpose of this paper is to describe the theory behind the development of a digital behavioral science intervention—The Good Talk!—designed to target vaccine-hesitant individuals through their close contacts (eg, family, friends, and colleagues) and to describe the methodology of a research study to evaluate its efficacy.

Methods
The Good Talk! uses an educational serious game approach to boost the skills and competences of vaccine advocates to have open conversations about COVID-19 with their close contacts who are vaccine hesitant. The game teaches vaccine advocates evidence-based open conversation skills to help them speak with individuals who have opposing points of view or who may ascribe to nonscientifically supported beliefs while retaining trust, identifying common ground, and fostering acceptance and respect of divergent views. The game is currently under development and will be available on the web, free to access for participants worldwide, and accompanied by a promotional campaign to recruit participants through social media channels. This protocol describes the methodology for a randomized controlled trial that will compare participants who play The Good Talk! game with a control group that plays the widely known noneducational game Tetris. The study will evaluate a participant’s open conversation skills, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual both before and after game play.

Results
Recruitment will commence in early 2023 and will cease once 450 participants complete the study (225 per group). The primary outcome is improvement in open conversation skills. Secondary outcomes are self-efficacy and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual. Exploratory analyses will examine the effect of the game on implementation intentions as well as potential covariates or subgroup differences based on sociodemographic information or previous experiences with COVID-19 vaccination conversations.

Conclusions
The outcome of the project is to promote more open conversations regarding COVID-19 vaccination. We hope that our approach will encourage more governments and public health experts to engage in their mission to reach their citizens directly with digital health solutions and to consider such interventions as an important tool in infodemic management.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/40753
Regular Testing of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections With Self-Collected Samples From Multiple Anatomic Sites to Monitor Sexual Health in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wong Ngai Sze , Kwan Tsz Ho , Chan Denise P C , Lui Grace C Y , Lee Shui Shan 
Published: November 2022

Background
Regular HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for men who have sex with men (MSM) is an important means of infection prevention, the adoption of which remains suboptimal in the community.

Objective
On the hypothesis that engagement plays an important role in sexual health monitoring, this study aimed to pilot-test internet-based HIV and STI testing with self-sampling to enhance engagement of MSM with regular testing.

Methods
This 1-year cohort study was conducted on HIV-negative MSM aged 18 years or older. A designated website was set up to enable participants to make appointments for baseline and follow-up visits at 3-monthly intervals. On-site blood sampling was performed for HIV and syphilis tests, along with self-collection of pharyngeal swabs, rectal swabs, and urine samples for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) testing. Full engagement, as defined by having made at least 3 visits over a 6-12 months’ follow-up period, was compared with partial engagement in the bivariable logistic regression model.

Results
Between August 2019 and October 2020, 204 MSM were recruited, after the exclusion of 2 baseline HIV-positive MSM. The majority (189/204, 92.7%) were Chinese, the median age was 31 (IQR 26-39) years, and 58.0% (116/200) had experience with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at baseline. Full engagement (146/204, 71.6%) was associated with incident STI during the follow-ups (odds ratio [OR] 4.23, 95% CI 1.63-10.94), seeking a medical referral after STI detection (OR 10.25, 95% CI 3.25-29.79), and a synchronized schedule of HIV and STI testing with PrEP visits (OR 51.85, 95% CI 19.30-139.34). No incident HIV was detected in the follow-up period. At baseline, the overall STI (CT, NG, or syphilis) prevalence was 30%, with CT at 18%, NG at 13%, and syphilis at 5%. During follow-up, the incidences were 59.08/100 person-years (py) for any STI, 33.05/100 py for CT, 29.86/100 py for NG, and 10.4/100 py for syphilis. The detection rates of CT and NG in urine samples were lower than with pharyngeal swabs and rectal swabs. The scores for convenience, confidence of correct sampling, and accuracy of self-sampling were high (7 to 8 out of 10).

Conclusions
Both baseline prevalence and incidence of STI were high among MSM engaged in regular testing. A high degree of engagement in regular STI and HIV testing was positively associated with incident STI, history of health-seeking behaviors, and perceived convenience of self-sampling. Self-sampling could be introduced as a means of enhancing engagement in regular HIV and STI testing.
Robust cellular immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in T2DM individuals in Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Shahriar , Akther Tahmina , NESSA AFZALUN 
Published: November 2022

Background: Diabetes, one of the most common comorbidities of
COVID-19, is prioritized for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. To evaluate the
T-cell mediated immune responses, this study assessed and compared IFN-γ
and IL-2 secreting PBMCs against the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in
individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this
longitudinal study, 19 known cases of type 2 diabetes and 16 healthy
controls were included through purposive sampling and were regularly
sampled before 1 dose, 4 weeks after
1 dose and 2-4 weeks after 2dose
of vaccination. Ex-vivo ELISpot assays for IFN-γ and IL-2 were done
using isolated PBMCs. HbA1c status was determined by an automated
analyzer before 1 dose and SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific
IgG antibody were assessed by CLIA 4 weeks after
1dose. A p -value <0.05 was
considered significant. Results: All participants were
seroconverted after 1 dose and showed a robust rise
of IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting PBMCs counts in type 2 diabetic participants
irrespective of hypertension, gender and age after two doses of
vaccination. However, IFN-γ secreting PBMCs counts were significantly
lower in type 2 diabetic group than healthy control group after
1 dose. Substantial negative correlations of HbA1c
(%) to IFN-γ secreting PBMCs counts after 2 dose
were also found in this study. Conclusion: Although type 2
diabetic participants had a lower response initially, BNT162b2 mRNA
vaccine overall induces a robust T-cell mediated immune response.
Medical Costs Associated with Diabetes Complications in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years or Older with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Ping , Shao Hui , Andes Linda J. , Imperatore Giuseppina 
Published: November 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Aims: To estimate medical costs associated with 17 diabetes complications and treatment procedures among Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years old with type 1 diabetes.</p>
<p>Methods: Using the 2006–2017 100% Medicare claims database for beneficiaries enrolled in fee-for-service plans and Part D, we estimated the annual cost of 17 diabetes complications and treatment procedures. Type 1 diabetes and its complications and procedures were identified using ICD 9/10 codes, procedure codes, and diagnosis-related group codes. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were followed from the year when their diabetes was initially identified in Medicare (2006–2015) until death, discontinuing plan coverage, or December 31, 2017. Fixed-effect regression was used to estimate costs in the complication occurrence years and subsequent years. The cost-proportion of a complication was equal to the total cost of the complication, calculated by multiplying prevalence by the per person cost, divided by the total cost for all complications. All costs were standardized to 2017 US dollars.</p>
<p>Results: Our study included 114,879 persons with type 1 diabetes with lengths of follow-up from 3 to 10 years. The costliest complications per person were kidney failure treated by transplantation (occurrence year $77,809; subsequent years $13,556), kidney failure treated by dialysis ($56,469; $41,429), and neuropathy treated by lower-extremity amputation ($40,698; $7,380). Sixteen percent of the total medical cost for diabetes complications was for treating congestive heart failure. </p>
<p>Conclusions: Costs of diabetes complications were large and varied by complications. Our results can assist in cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments and interventions for preventing or delaying diabetes complications in Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with type 1 diabetes.</p>
Pengaruh Net Ekspor dan Kebijakan Fiskal Terhadap Kebijakan Hutang Pemerintah di Indonesia
Authors: Elia Silfi , Triani Mike 
Published: November 2022

This research aims to determine (1) the effect of net export on government debt in Indonesia, (2) the effect of fiscal policy on government debt in Indonesia, (3) the effect of net export and fiscal policy on government debt in Indonesia. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The research type is descriptive research while the data used is time series data from 1987-2016 obtained from documentation of Bank Indonesia, and BPS Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that (1) net export has a significant positive effect on government debt in Indonesia (2) fiscal policy has a significant positive effect on government debt in Indonesia (3) net export and fiscal policy has a significant positif effect on government debt in Indonesia. Based on this research is expected to provide information about government debt as well as the factors that influence, and so the government and society can monitor and increase efforts to reduce government debt.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Industri Kecil Sulaman di Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Aizat Aninda , Sentosa Sri Ulfa 
Published: November 2022

This study.aim to examine of the factors that influence the production of small embroidery industries in West Sumatra Province with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) selected. The data used is panel data during the 2014-2018 period, with documentation data collection techniques and literature study obtained from related institutions and agencies. The variables used are Capital (X1), Labor (X2) and Business Units (X3). The research method used is: OLS. estimation results show the capital has positive, insignifican. Effect.on embroidery production in West Sumatra. Furthermore, Labor has a negative and insignificant effect on embroidery production in West Sumatra. And the business unit has a positive and significant effect on embroidery production in West Sumatera. Together., capital, labor and business units have a significant effect on embroidery production in West Sumatra.
Pengaruh Stabilitas Politik, Kriminalitas dan Daya Saing Global Terhadap Investasi Asing Langsung di 6 Negara Asean
Authors: Sari Willa Novita , Satrianto Alpon 
Published: November 2022

Study aims to determine the effect of political stability, crime and global competitiveness on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries by using secondary data from 2013 to 2019 and using panel data regresi analysis techniques. The results show that political stability has a positive and significant impact on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. crime has a negative and significant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Global competitiveness has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. And economic growth as a control variable has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Together, political stability, crime, global competitiveness and economic growth affect foreign direct investment in foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries.