bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effects of siblings and twin testosterone transfer on autistic traits
Authors: de Wit Melanie M. , Begeer Sander , Nivard Michel G. , van Bergen Elsje 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHaving twin and non‐twin siblings might influence autistic traits both prenatally and postnatally. The twin testosterone transfer hypothesis suggests that girls with a twin brother are exposed to higher levels of prenatal testosterone than girls with a twin sister, and that increased testosterone exposure masculinizes neural development and increases autistic traits. Postnatally, siblings may provide example behaviour, which could reduce autistic traits.MethodsWe studied pre‐ and postnatal influences of twin and non‐twin siblings on mother and teacher‐reported autistic traits in 7714 dizygotic twins. We examined the effect of sex of the proband child and of the siblings. We fitted regression models (for boys and girls separately) with sex of co‐twin and having older and/or younger siblings of each sex as predictors.ResultsGirls' mother‐reported autistic traits were slightly lower for those with a twin brother than those with a twin sister (β = −.08, p = .001, Cohen's d = −.13). This difference was not replicated in teacher‐reported autistic traits (β = .01, p = .734). Boys' (mother and teacher‐reported) autistic traits were not related to the sex of their co‐twin (ps > 0.50). Teacher‐reported autistic traits were slightly higher if girls had an older brother (β = .07, p = .013, Cohen's d = .12). Other than this small effect, we found no effect of non‐twin siblings on autistic traits in either girls or boys (ps > .18).ConclusionsWe did not find increased autistic traits in girls with a twin brother compared to girls with a twin sister. This finding contributes to a body of literature that rejects the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis. In addition, we found little evidence for pre‐ and postnatal sibling influences. Our findings align with high heritability and absence of shared‐environmental influences in ASD.
Dextromethorphan reduces prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure‐induced dopaminergic neuronal loss and cytokine changes in offspring
Authors: Huang Chia‐Yu , Wang Sabrina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaternal infection during pregnancy may affect fetal brain development and increase the risk of developing neurological and mental disorders later in life in offspring. In this study, we used low‐dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to mimic mild maternal infection at a critical time window for fetal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) neuron development. The affected offspring exhibited reduction of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons and anxiety‐ and depression‐related behaviors in adulthood. In the current study, we evaluated whether dextromethorphan (DM, 30 mg/kg), an over‐the‐counter antitussive drug with anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, could reduce the adverse effects of maternal infection mimicked by LPS exposure. We discovered that DM application did not change the baseline serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels in the LPS‐exposed offspring. However, DM treatment could reduce the heightened immune responses induced by a postnatal LPS challenge test in prenatal LPS‐exposed offspring. The neuroprotective effect of DM was only seen in DA neurons but not in 5‐HT neurons. We concluded that DM treatment can partially protect the offspring against the adverse effects of LPS‐induced maternal immune activation. The reduction in heightened immune responses and dopaminergic neuronal loss in LPS‐exposed offspring could potentially reduce the risk of DA‐related neurological and psychiatric disorders later in life.
Evolution of modular and pleiotropic enhancers
Authors: Murugesan Suriya N. , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCis‐regulatory elements (CREs), or enhancers, are segments of noncoding DNA that regulate the spatial and temporal expression of nearby genes. Sometimes, genes are expressed in more than one tissue, and this can be driven by two main types of CREs: tissue‐specific “modular” CREs, where different CREs drive expression of the gene in the different tissues, or by “pleiotropic” CREs, where the same CRE drives expression in the different tissues. In this perspective, we will discuss some of the ways (i) modular and pleiotropic CREs might originate; (ii) propose that modular CREs might derive from pleiotropic CREs via a process of duplication, degeneration, and complementation (the CRE‐DDC model); and (iii) propose that hotspot loci of evolution are associated with the origin of modular CREs belonging to any gene in a regulatory network.
A stability theorem for maximal C2k+1 ${C}_{2k+1}$‐free graphs
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Shipeng , Yang Weihua , Yuan Xiaoli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor any positive integer , we show that every maximal ‐free graph with at least edges contains an induced complete bipartite subgraph on vertices. We also show that this is the best possible.
Graph colorings with restricted bicolored subgraphs: I. Acyclic, star, and treewidth colorings
Authors: Bradshaw Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that for any fixed integer , a graph of maximum defiggree has a coloring with colors in which every connected bicolored subgraph contains at most edges. This result unifies previously known upper bounds on the number of colors sufficient for certain types of graph colorings, including star colorings, for which colors suffice, and acyclic colorings, for which colors suffice. Our proof uses a probabilistic method of Alon, McDiarmid, and Reed. This result also gives previously unknown upper bounds, including the fact that a graph of maximum degree has a proper coloring with colors in which every bicolored subgraph is planar, as well as a proper coloring with colors in which every bicolored subgraph has treewidth at most 3.
How is aid used to exert power? Gender equality promotion and migration control in Senegal
Authors: Olivié Iliana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes how aid‐influence mechanisms previously identified by academic literature (aid conditionality, tied aid, consultants, people‐to‐people exchanges and the support of like‐minded donors) are triggered in a selection of six aid projects implemented by Spain and Germany and involving the EU in Senegal, in the domains of gender equity and migration control. Aid‐influence nexuses might prove ineffective if there is a lack of political will on the part of the partner, an insufficient involvement of its Administration or local actors, a mis‐selection of people involved in the aid‐influence link, or if the scale of the project is too small.
Identification of aroma‐active compounds responsible for the floral and sweet odors of Congou black teas using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry, odor activity value, and chemometrics
Authors: Xue Jinjin , Guo Guiyi , Liu Panpan , Chen Lin , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Jianyong , Yin Junfeng , Ni Dejiang , Engelhardt Ulrich H. , Jiang Heyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFloral and sweet odors are two typical characteristic aromas of Congou black tea, but their aroma‐active compounds are still unclear. Characterizing the key aroma‐active compounds can provide a theoretical foundation for the practical aroma quality evaluation of Congou black tea and directional processing technology of high‐quality black tea with floral or sweet odors. Gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) combined with odor activity value (OAV) is often used to screen key aroma‐active substances, but the interaction between aroma components and their impact on the overall sensory quality is ignored. Therefore, in this study, OAV combined with variable importance in projection (VIP) and Spearman correlation analysis (SCA) were used to characterize the aroma‐active components of Congou black teas with floral and sweet odors.RESULTSEighty‐five volatiles were identified in these samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Twenty‐three compounds were identified as potential markers for the floral and sweet odors of Congou black teas from orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Eighteen compounds were selected as candidate aroma compounds based on GC‐O analysis and OAV calculations. In addition, 26 compounds were screened as crucial aroma compounds based on SCA. Finally, 19 compounds were evaluated as key aroma compounds by the comprehensive evaluation of VIP, OAV, and SCA. Terpenoids are the main active compounds that contribute to the floral odor of Congou black tea, whereas aldehydes are the key compounds for the sweet odor.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method can effectively screen the aroma‐active compounds and can be used for comprehensive quality control of products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanistic modeling and simulation of a complex low and high loading elution behavior of a polypeptide in cation exchange chromatography
Authors: Koch Jonas , Scheps Daniel , Gunne Matthias , Boscheinen Oliver , Hafner Mathias , Frech Christian 
Published: March 2022

The mechanistic modeling of preparative liquid chromatography is still a challenging task. Nonideal thermodynamic conditions may require activity coefficients for the mechanistic description of preparative chromatography. In this work, a chromatographic cation exchange step with a polypeptide having a complex elution behavior in low and high loading situations is modeled. Model calibration in the linear range of the isotherm is done by applying counterion‐induced linear gradient elution experiments between pH 3.3 and 4.3. Inverse fitting with column loads up to 25 mg/mLCV is performed for parameter estimation in the nonlinear range. The polypeptide elution peak shows an anti‐Langmuirian behavior with fronting under low loading conditions and a switch to a Langmuirian behavior with increasing load. This unusual elution behavior could be described with an extended version of the sigmoidal Self‐Association isotherm including two activity coefficients for the polypeptide and counterion in solution. The activity coefficient of the solute polypeptide shows a strong influence on the model parameters and is crucial in the linear and nonlinear range of the isotherm. The modeling procedure results in a unique and robust model parameter set that is sufficient to describe the complex elution behavior and allows modeling over the full isotherm range.
The role of sensory marketing and brand experience in building emotional attachment and brand loyalty in luxury retail stores
Authors: Shahid Shadma , Paul Justin , Gilal Faheem Gul , Ansari Shiveen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrior studies on the in‐store experience focus on the impact of store atmosphere. Sensory marketing and brand experience, on the other hand, have been found to be significant in providing a better consumer experience in recent studies. Thus, the goal of this paper is to broaden the scope of this study by examining the causal effect of sensory marketing cues and brand experience on emotional attachment, and subsequent brand loyalty in a luxury retail store setting. We also studied the moderating role of store image in the relationships. To this end, the three separate but related studies (Study 1, N = 409, Study 2, N = 294, Study 3, N = 139) were conducted. Study 1 shows that sensory marketing cues positively contribute to enhancing the luxury retail brand experiences. Both sensory marketing and brand experiences appeared promising in increasing emotional attachment and subsequent brand loyalty. Study 2 findings further suggest that sensory marketing cues and brand experience interact significantly with store image to improve consumers' emotional attachment with luxury brands. Study 3 replicated the pattern observed in Studies 1 and 2 and further suggested that consumers in the luxury store setting expressed stronger emotional attachment and brand loyalty than consumers in the nonluxury store environment.
Pseudo Polyampholytes with Sensitively Ion‐Responsive Conformational Transition Based on Positively Charged Host–Guest Complexes
Authors: Qin Hai‐Yue , Liu Zhuang , Yang Xue‐Dan , Liu Yu‐Qiong , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Wang Wei , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiological polyampholytes are ubiquitous in living organisms with primary functions including serving as transporters for moving chemical molecular species across the cell membranes. Synthetic amphoteric macromolecules that can change their phase states depending on the environment to simulate some properties of natural polyampholytes are of great interest. Here, the implementation of synthetic pseudo polymeric ampholytes is explored with ion‐recognition‐triggered conformational change. The phase transition behaviors of the ion‐recognition‐creative polyampholytes that contain deprotonated carboxylic acid groups as negative charges and 18‐crown‐6 units for forming positively charged host–guest complexes are systematically investigated. The ion‐recognition‐triggered phase transition behaviors of pseudo polyampholytes significantly depend on cation species and concentrations. Only those specific ions such as K+, Ba2+, Sr2+ and Pb2+ ions that can form 1:1 host–guest complexes with 18‐crown‐6 units in polymers enable control over conformational change like that of traditional pH‐dependent polyampholytes. By regulating the content of carboxylic acid groups to match the content of ion‐recognized positive charges provided by the host–guest complexes, the pseudo polyampholytes are more sensitive to the recognizable cations. Such ion‐recognition‐triggered amphoteric characteristics make the pseudo polyampholytes act like biological proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes as molecular transporters, genetic code storage, and biocatalysts in artificial systems.
Population‐based screening of Uruguayan Ashkenazi Jews for recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variants
Authors: Castillo Cecilia , Artagaveytia Nora , Brignoni Lucia , Laitman Yael , Camejo Natalia , Hernández Ana Laura , Krygier Gabriel , Cayota Alfonso , Delgado Lucia , Friedman Eitan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) three recurring pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs) are detected in ~2.5% of the general population in the BRCA1 (c.68_69del = 185delAG, c.5266dup = 5382insC), and BRCA2 (c.5946del = 6174delT). Population‐based screening for these PSVs in AJ women is part of the health basket in Israel. To assess the feasibility and outcome of BRCA genotyping in the Jewish population of Uruguay, AJ in the greater Montevideo area were recruited using ethically approved protocol and without pretest counseling were genotyped for the three predominant AJ PSVs in the BRCA genes. Independently confirmed PSV carriers were counseled, and genetic testing was offered to additional family members. Overall, 327 participants were enrolled: 312 (95%) female, 261 (80%) had all four grandparents AJ, and 14 (4%) women were breast cancer survivors with a mean age ± standard deviation (SD) 50 ± 11.5 years. The BRCA1 c.68_69del PSV was detected in three cancer free participants (0.92%, CI 95% 0.31–2.6), all with a suggestive family history. No carriers of the other two recurrent PSVs were detected. Online oncogenetic counseling was provided for all carriers. In conclusion, the rate of the BRCA1 c.68_69del PSV was similar with the rate in other AJ communities. AJ population BRCA genotyping screens in Uruguay seem feasible and should be promoted.
Population Dynamics and Harvest Management of the Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Fishery in Bear Lake, Idaho–Utah
Authors: Heller Megan R. , Dillon Jeffrey C. , Tolentino Scott A. , Watkins Carson J. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Land-use disturbances and associated losses in habitat quantity and quality negatively affected the Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (BCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii utah population in Bear Lake, Idaho–Utah, in the early 1900s. Bear Lake BCT follow an adfluvial life history strategy, and without access to suitable spawning habitat, the population of wild BCT was nearly extirpated by the early 1950s. In response to this decline, supplementation of the population with hatchery BCT began in 1973. Production of wild BCT was minimal until conservation efforts shifted towards improving fish habitat and access to spawning tributaries. In 2002, only 5% of the population consisted of wild fish; by 2017, nearly 70% of BCT in annual population surveys were wild. As a result, rule changes have been proposed to allow for regulated harvest of wild BCT. However, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the population dynamics of BCT in Bear Lake is critical before changes are made to management of the fishery. The objectives of this study were to describe the population dynamics of wild and hatchery BCT in Bear Lake and evaluate different management options. We evaluated population demographics of hatchery and wild BCT in Bear Lake and used age-structured population models to assess a variety of management scenarios associated with wild fish harvest regulations (e.g., bag limits). Bonneville Cutthroat Trout grew at relatively fast rates, and females began to mature at age 5. We observed considerable differences in the length and age structure of the hatchery population (i.e., exploited) versus the wild population (i.e., unexploited) of BCT. In general, BCT in Bear Lake were larger and older than Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii in other systems. The current rate of exploitation for hatchery BCT was estimated as 0.27 (i.e., two-fish daily limit). If the limit were changed to a six-fish daily limit, the rate of exploitation would be approximately 0.47. A yield-per-recruit model evaluating spawning potential ratio indicated that a limit of two wild fish would be a sustainable level of exploitation, whereas a six-wild-fish limit would result in recruitment overfishing. This research has provided baseline population dynamics of BCT in Bear Lake that will provide insight for future monitoring efforts. Under current conditions, allowing harvest of either origin BCT in Bear Lake would satisfy angler values while ensuring the persistence of an ecologically and recreationally important population.
General analytical solutions for the equal‐strain consolidation of prefabricated vertical drain foundation in unsaturated soils under time‐dependent loading
Authors: Qin Aifang , Li Xinhao , Li Tianyi , Jiang Lianghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExternal disturbances were scarcely considered in the consolidation of unsaturated vertical drain foundation, in which the ideally permeable or impermeable boundary conditions were always adopted to investigated the consolidation patterns. In view of this, by taking the flows along the vertical and radial orientations simultaneously, this study proposes the general analytical solutions for the axisymmetric consolidation of prefabricated vertical drain foundations in unsaturated soils which consider drain resistance, smear effect, and time‐dependent loading under the equal‐strain assumption. Through theories related to consolidation in unsaturated soils, the governing equations of air and water phases in the matrix form are proposed. Subsequently, Fourier series expansion, matrix analysis and decoupling method are used to acquire the analytical solutions. The separate expressions of smear coefficient and drain resistance factors, which can represent the potential influence of the external boundaries more obviously, are included in the solutions. Degradation validity method is used to verify the credibility of the current solutions, and the vertical flow is found to promote the consolidation process under external conditions. Finally, the solutions obtained in this paper can provide guidance for more complicated consolidation problems in unsaturated soils.
Delivering patient‐centered care through shared decision making in overactive bladder
Authors: Paudel Roshan , Lane Giulia I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMen and women living with overactive bladder (OAB) face many treatment decisions as they progress through the treatment pathway. Decisions to pursue specific therapies are highly preference sensitive and ideal for shared decision making (SDM). The aim of this narrative review is to provide urologists with a practical summary of methods to elicit preferences and facilitate SDM to promote patient‐centered care for OAB.MethodsWe explore OAB as a preference sensitive condition through a review of treatment outcomes and present available data on prediction tools, patient preferences, and decision aids. We propose a paradigm for applyingEveryday SDMto OAB care.ResultsClinical outcome data points to equipoise (balanced outcomes) between options for first‐, second‐, and third‐line OAB therapies, making OAB preference sensitive and appropriate for SDM. Methods to personalize care through individualized outcome prediction calculators and tools to elicit patient preferences are emerging. While patient information about OAB is readily available, we identified few OAB decision aids that facilitate patient preference elicitation and SDM.ConclusionsOAB is a preference sensitive condition, where treatment is largely based on the patient's preferences and values. SDM is an ideal approach to supporting patients through these treatment decisions. We propose the application ofEveryday SDM, a personalized, clinically efficient methodology as a method to support patient‐centered OAB care.
Beyond appetite regulation: Targeting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and lean mass preservation for sustainable weight loss
Authors: Christoffersen Berit Østergaard , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , John Linu Mary , Ryan Donna H. , Raun Kirsten , Ravussin Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew appetite‐regulating antiobesity treatments such as semaglutide and agents under investigation such as tirzepatide show promise in achieving weight loss of 15% or more. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and lean mass preservation are important determinants of weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance beyond appetite regulation. This review discusses prior failures in clinical development of weight‐loss drugs targeting energy expenditure and explores novel strategies for targeting energy expenditure: mitochondrial proton leak, uncoupling, dynamics, and biogenesis; futile calcium and substrate cycling; leptin for weight maintenance; increased sympathetic nervous system activity; and browning of white fat. Relevant targets for preserving lean mass are also reviewed: growth hormone, activin type II receptor inhibition, and urocortin 2 and 3. We endorse moderate modulation of energy expenditure and preservation of lean mass in combination with efficient appetite reduction as a means of obtaining a significant, safe, and long‐lasting weight loss. Furthermore, we suggest that the regulatory guidelines should be revisited to focus more on the quality of weight loss and its maintenance rather than the absolute weight loss. Commitment to this research focus both from a scientific and from a regulatory point of view could signal the beginning of the next era in obesity therapies.