bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up-regulated serum levels of soluble CD25 and soluble CD163 in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mostafa Gehan Ahmed , Ibrahim Hanan Mohamed , Al Sayed Shehab Abeer , Gendy Yasmin Gamal El , Aly Dina Medhat Mohamed , Shousha Ghada Abdel Haleem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSimilar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), some patients with SARS-CoV-2 have cytokine storm. Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) and soluble CD163 (sCD163) are potential diagnostic biomarkers for HLH that help in guiding its treatment. This study was the first to investigate serum sCD25 and sCD163 levels in SARS-CoV-2. Serum sCD25 and sCD163 were measured by ELISA in 29 patients with SARS-CoV-2, aged between 2 months and 16 years (13 had COVID-19 and 16 had multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)), in comparison to 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control children and 10 patients with HLH. Levels of these markers were re-measured in 21 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were followed up 3 months after recovery. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 had significantly higher serum sCD25 and sCD163 than healthy control children (P < 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 patients had significantly higher sCD25 than patients with HLH (P < 0.05). Serum sCD25 was a good differentiating marker between patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HLH. Although there was a significant decrease of serum sCD25 and sCD163 of the 21 SARS-CoV-2 patients who were followed up, these levels were still significantly higher than the healthy controls levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum sCD25 and sCD163 levels were up-regulated in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Serum sCD25 was a good differentiating marker between SARS-CoV-2 and HLH. This initial report requires further studies, on large scales, to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and both sCD25 and sCD163, including the disease severity and outcome. The therapeutic role of sCD25 and sCD163 antagonists should also be studied in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

What is Known:• Similar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), some patients with COVID-19 have cytokine storm due to excessive pro-inflammatory host response.• Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) and soluble CD163 (sCD163) are potential diagnostic biomarkers for HLH. Monitoring of serum sCD25 and sCD163 levels can also help in guiding the treatment.

What is New:• Serum sCD25 and sCD163 levels are up-regulated in patients with COVID-19, including patients presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).• Serum sCD25 is a good differentiating marker between SARS-CoV-2 and HLH.
Analysis of the 2020 Taal Volcano tephra fall deposits from crowdsourced information and field data
Authors: Balangue-Tarriela M. I. R. , Lagmay A. M. F. , Sarmiento D. M. , Vasquez J. , Baldago M. C. , Ybañez R. , Ybañez A. A. , Trinidad J. R. , Thivet S. , Gurioli L. , de Vries B. Van Wyk , Aurelio M. , Rafael D. J. , Bermas A. , Escudero J. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAfter 43 years of dormancy, Taal Volcano violently erupted in January 2020 forming a towering eruption plume. The fall deposits covered an area of 8605 km2, which includes Metro Manila of the National Capital Region of the Philippines. The tephra fall caused damage to crops, traffic congestion, roof collapse, and changes in air quality in the affected areas. In a tropical region where heavy rains are frequent, immediate collection of data is crucial in order to preserve the tephra fall deposit record, which is readily washed away by surface water runoff and prevailing winds. Crowdsourcing, field surveys, and laboratory analysis of the tephra fall deposits were conducted to document and characterize the tephra fall deposits of the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption and their impacts. Results show that the tephra fall deposit thins downwind exponentially with a thickness half distance of about 1.40 km and 9.49 km for the proximal and distal exponential segments, respectively. The total calculated volume of erupted fallout deposit is 0.057 km3, 0.042 km3, or 0.090 km3 using the exponential, power-law, and Weibull models, respectively, and all translate to a VEI of 3. However, using a probabilistic approach (Weibull method) with 90% confidence interval, the volume estimate is as high as 0.097 km3. With the addition of the base surge deposits amounting to 0.019 km3, the volume translates to a VEI of 4, consistent with the classification for the observed height and umbrella radius of the 2020 main eruption plume. VEI 4 is also consistent with the calculated median eruption plume height of 17.8 km and sub-plinian classification based on combined analysis of isopleth and isopach data. Phreatomagmatic activity originated from a vent located in Taal Volcano’s Main Crater Lake (MCL), which contained 42 million m3 of water. This eruptive style is further supported by the characteristics of the ash grain components of the distal 12 January 2020 tephra fall deposits, consisting dominantly of andesitic vitric fragments (83–90%). Other components of the fall deposits are lithic (7–11%) and crystal (less than 6%) grains. Further textural and geochemical analysis of these tephra fall deposits contributes to better understand the volcanic processes that occurred at Taal Volcano, one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) because of its destructive nature and proximity to densely populated areas. The crowdsourcing initiative provided a significant portion of the data used for this study while at the same time educating and empowering the community to build resilience.
Influence of wettability and surface design on the adhesion of terrestrial cyanobacteria to additive manufactured biocarriers
Authors: Scherer Kai , Soerjawinata Winda , Schaefer Susanne , Kockler Isabelle , Ulber Roland , Lakatos Michael , Bröckel Ulrich , Kampeis Percy , Wahl Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProductive biofilms are gaining growing interest in research due to their potential of producing valuable compounds and bioactive substances such as antibiotics. This is supported by recent developments in biofilm photobioreactors that established the controlled phototrophic cultivation of algae and cyanobacteria. Cultivation of biofilms can be challenging due to the need of surfaces for biofilm adhesion. The total production of biomass, and thus production of e.g. bioactive substances, within the bioreactor volume highly depends on the available cultivation surface. To achieve an enlargement of surface area for biofilm photobioreactors, biocarriers can be implemented in the cultivation. Thereby, material properties and design of the biocarriers are important for initial biofilm formation and growth of cyanobacteria. In this study, special biocarriers were designed and additively manufactured to investigate different polymeric materials and surface designs regarding biofilm adhesion of the terrestrial cyanobacteriumNostoc flagelliforme(CCAP 1453/33). Properties of 3D-printed materials were characterized by determination of wettability, surface roughness, and density. To evaluate the influence of wettability on biofilm formation, material properties were specifically modified by gas-phase fluorination and biofilm formation was analyzed on biocarriers with basic and optimized geometry in shaking flask cultivation. We found that different polymeric materials revealed no significant differences in wettability and with identical surface design no significant effect on biomass adhesion was observed. However, materials treated with fluorination as well as optimized biocarrier design showed improved wettability and an increase in biomass adhesion per biocarrier surface.
A comparison of herbarium and citizen science phenology datasets for detecting response of flowering time to climate change in Denmark
Authors: Iwanycki Ahlstrand Natalie , Primack Richard B. , Tøttrup Anders P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhenology has emerged as a key metric to measure how species respond to changes in climate. Innovative means have been developed to extend the temporal and spatial range of phenological data by obtaining data from herbarium specimens, citizen science programs, and biodiversity data repositories. These different data types have seldom been compared for their effectiveness in detecting environmental impacts on phenology. To address this, we compare three separate phenology datasets from Denmark: (i) herbarium specimen data spanning 145 years, (ii) data collected from a citizen science phenology program over a single year observing first flowering, and (iii) data derived from incidental biodiversity observations in iNaturalist over a single year. Each dataset includes flowering day of year observed for three common spring-flowering plant species: Allium ursinum (ramsons), Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut), and Sambucus nigra (black elderberry). The incidental iNaturalist dataset provided the most extensive geographic coverage across Denmark and the largest sample size and recorded peak flowering in a way comparable to herbarium specimens. The directed citizen science dataset recorded much earlier flowering dates because the program objective was to report the first flowering, and so was less compared to the other two datasets. Herbarium data demonstrated the strongest effect of spring temperature on flowering in Denmark, possibly because it was the only dataset measuring temporal variation in phenology, while the other datasets measured spatial variation. Herbarium data predicted the mean flowering day of year recorded in our iNaturalist dataset for all three species. Combining herbarium data with iNaturalist data provides an even more effective method for detecting climatic effects on phenology. Phenology observations from directed and incidental citizen science initiatives will increase in value for climate change research in the coming years with the addition of data capturing the inter-annual variation in phenology.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the flow in a cylindrical cavity with an unsteady rotating lid
Authors: David J. S. , Vernet A. , Grau F. X. , Pallares J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the flow in a cylindrical cavity of aspect ratioH/R= 2, with a top lid rotating with a sinusoidal time-varying speed. The Reynolds numbers, based on the time-averaged rotating speed and the radius of the cavity (Re =$$ \Omega _0 R^2/\nu $$Ω0R2/ν) are 2800, 3500 and 4100. Particle Image velocimetry measurements and numerical simulations are performed to determine the effect on the flow of different imposed frequencies on the rotating lid. The acceleration and deceleration of the lid produce a marked pulsatile flow behaviour. It is found that at low Reynolds numbers the frequencies measured in the flow coincide with the frequency imposed on the rotating lid, while at the largest Re considered the flow frequencies are significantly lower, especially when the frequency of the disk is large. The fluctuations induced in the vertical velocity component are about 100% of the instantaneous values while for the angular component the fluctuations are of the same order as the instantaneous values.
Is clindamycin effective in preventing infectious complications after oral surgery? Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Arteagoitia Iciar , Sánchez Fabio Rodríguez , Figueras Amaia , Arroyo-Lamas Nagore 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of clindamycin in the prevention of infection after oral surgery.

Material and Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement, the PICO-framework and included only randomized controlled clinical trials. In all studies clindamycin was administered to prevent infections in patients who underwent oral surgery. Two independent researchers conducted the search, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Included studies were classified by the type of oral surgery. Besides, data of patients, procedures and outcome variables were collected. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using Mantel–Haenszel model and the number needed to treat (NNT). Finally, any potential sources of heterogeneity were estimated.

Results
Seven trials of 540 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Four articles assessing the effect of oral clindamycin in third molar surgery were quantitatively analyzed. The overall RR was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.38–1.16), being non-statistically significant (p = 0.15). There was no heterogeneity between the studies I2 = 0, p = 0.44. The NNT was 29 (95% CI = 12- -57).

Conclusions
The effectiveness of clindamycin could not be evaluated except in third molar extraction. Oral clindamycin is ineffective in preventing infection in third molar surgery.

Clinical Relevance
There is a lack of high-quality evidence supporting the prescription of clindamycin to prevent infections after oral surgery, despite being frequently prescribed as an alternative for penicillin-allergic patients. Oral clindamycin has not been shown to be effective after third molar extractions.
Pain and suicidality in children and adolescents: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Hinze Verena , Karl Anke , Ford Tamsin , Gjelsvik Bergljot 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuicidality is a common public health concern in young people. Previous research has highlighted pain as a key correlate of suicidality in young people. However, the long-term experience of pain may vary between individuals, and the relationship between distinct pain trajectories and suicidality is poorly understood. This study aims to describe the number and nature of distinct pain trajectories, their demographic and clinical correlates, including baseline suicidality, and whether identified pain trajectories may predict future suicidality. Secondary data analyses were performed, using longitudinal data from the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (N = 7977), collected at five timepoints between 2004 and 2007 on a population-based sample of UK youth (5–16 years). Data were collected from up to three respondents (parents, teachers, and 11 + year-olds). Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to identify distinct pain trajectories, explore predictors of these trajectories, and establish whether trajectories predicted future suicidality. We identified the following four pain trajectories: increasing (33.6%), decreasing (4.5%), persistent/recurrent probability of pain (15.7%), and no pain (46.2%). Pain trajectories were associated with unique demographic and clinical correlates. Only the persistent/recurrent (vs. no-pain) trajectory was predicted by baseline suicidality (aOR = 2.24; 95% bootstrap-CI = 1.59–3.26). Furthermore, the persistent/recurrent trajectory predicted future suicidality (aOR = 1.03, 95% bootstrap-CI = 1.01–1.06), after controlling for baseline suicidality, psychiatric disorder, age, and gender. Findings provide a better understanding of correlates associated with distinct pain trajectories and long-term risk of suicidality in young people, suggesting a bidirectional pain–suicidality association and emphasising the need of targeted support for young people with persistent/recurrent pain.
Parental personality disorder symptoms and children’s social skills: a prospective community study
Authors: Wichstrøm Lars , Borgen Anna Emilie , Steinsbekk Silje 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcquiring age-appropriate social skills, arguably a major prerequisite for favorable psychosocial development in children, is targeted in a range of interventions. Hence, identifying factors that limit this acquisition may inform preventative and treatment efforts. Personality disorders are characterized by pervasive and enduring dysfunctional interpersonal functioning, including parenting, and could thus entail risk for offspring in not developing adaptive interpersonal skills. However, no study has tested this possibility. A representative sample drawn from two birth cohorts of Norwegian 4-year-olds (n = 956) and their parents was followed up at ages 6, 8, and 10 years. Parents’ personality disorder symptoms were measured dimensionally with the DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire, and children’s social skills were evaluated by the Social Skills Rating System. A difference-in-difference approach was applied to adjust for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders, and parental symptoms of depression and anxiety were entered as covariates. Increased Cluster B symptoms in parents of children aged 4 to 6 years predicted decreased social skill development in offspring (B = −0.97, 95% CI −1.58, −0.37,p = 0.002). On a more granular level, increased symptoms of borderline (B = −0.39, CI −0.65, −0.12,p = 0.004), histrionic (B = −0.55, CI −0.99, −0.11,p = 0.018), and avoidant (B = −0.46, CI−0.79, −0.13,p = 0.006) personality disorders in parents predicted decreased social skill development in offspring. Subclinical levels of borderline, histrionic and avoidant personality disorders in parents may impair the development of social skills in offspring. Successfully treating these personality problems or considering them when providing services to children may facilitate children’s acquisition of social skills.
Spared, shared and lost—routes for maintaining the Scandinavian Mountain foothill intact forest landscapes
Authors: Svensson Johan , Bubnicki Jakub W. , Angelstam Per , Mikusiński Grzegorz , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntact forest landscapes harbor significant biodiversity values and pools of ecosystem services essential for conservation, land use and rural development. Threatened by fragmentation and loss by transitions to industrial clear-cut forestry, those landscapes are of pivotal interest for protection that secures their intact character. With wall-to-wall land-cover data, we explored opportunities for maintaining intact forest landscapes through comprehensive spatial planning across a 2.5 million hectares boreal to sub-alpine forest region along the eastern slopes of the Scandinavian Mountain range. We analyzed forest and woodland types that are protected, need protection or potentially can be subject to continued forest management. We established that the fraction of already clear-cut forest is very small and that the forest landscape of the Scandinavian Mountain foothills contains a high proportion of protected high conservation value forests, covering almost 2 million ha, and that over 500,000 ha (27%) remains unprotected and may be subject to future protection or continued adapted forest management. We found evident north to south differences with respect to forest landscape configuration, distribution of unprotected forests and land ownership. With a focus on non-industrial private landowners, we conclude that sustainable land-use requires integrative, multi-functional approaches that rely on further protection, forest and forest landscape restoration and a much larger share of continuous cover forestry than presently. Our results provide input into ongoing policy implementation and green infrastructure planning in the context of securing intact forest values and integrative opportunities for rural livelihood and regional development based on multiple value chains.
Refugee Food Insecurity & Technology: Surfacing Experiences of Adaptation, Navigation, Negotiation and Sharing
Authors: Talhouk Reem , Montague Kyle , Ghattas Hala , Araujo-Soares Vera , Ahmad Balsam , Balaam Madeline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the Syrian crisis still ongoing, 91% of Syrian refugee families in Lebanon do not have adequate access to safe and sufficient food. There has been a drive for technological innovation in humanitarian food assistance. To further inform such innovation, we used an Experience-Centred Design approach to gain a holistic understanding of the experiences of refugee food insecurity and how refugees envision technologies can support them. Design engagements with 13 women in an informal refugee settlement in Lebanon were conducted. The findings presented in this paper highlight that coping with food insecurity consists of experiences of adaptation, navigation, negotiation and sharing. We found that a multitude of technologies may be designed to enhance the aforementioned experiences and enable refugees to better cope with food insecurity. Through the lens of our findings, we discuss how technologies may support information sharing, the furthering of new practices and sharing of resources to support refugee food security.
The “Seili-index” for the Prediction of Chlorophyll-α Levels in the Archipelago Sea of the northern Baltic Sea, southwest Finland
Authors: Hänninen Jari , Mäkinen Katja , Nordhausen Klaus , Laaksonlaita Jussi , Loisa Olli , Virta Joni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo build a forecasting tool for the state of eutrophication in the Archipelago Sea, we fitted a Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) to marine environmental monitoring data, which were collected over the years 2011–2019 by an automated profiling buoy at the Seili ODAS-station. The resulting “Seili-index” can be used to predict the chlorophyll-α (chl-a) concentration in the seawater a number of days ahead by using the temperature forecast as a covariate. An array of test predictions with two separate models on the 2019 data set showed that the index is adept at predicting the amount of chl-a especially in the upper water layer. The visualization with 10 days of chl-a level predictions is presented online at https://saaristomeri.utu.fi/seili-index/. We also applied GAMMs to predict abrupt blooms of cyanobacteria on the basis of temperature and wind conditions and found the model to be feasible for short-term predictions. The use of automated monitoring data and the presented GAMM model in assessing the effects of natural resource management and pollution risks is discussed.
Institutional interplay in global environmental governance: lessons learned and future research
Authors: Elsässer Joshua Philipp , Hickmann Thomas , Jinnah Sikina , Oberthür Sebastian , Van de Graaf Thijs 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, the growing proliferation of international institutions governing the global environment has impelled institutional interplay as a result of functional and normative overlap across multiple regimes. This article synthesizes primary contributions made in research on institutional interplay over the past twenty years, with particular focus on publications withInternational Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics.Broadening our understanding about the different types, dimensions, pathways, and effects of institutional interplay, scholars have produced key insights into the ways and means by which international institutions cooperate, manage discord, engage in problem solving, and capture synergies across levels and scales. As global environmental governance has become increasingly fragmented and complex, we recognize that recent studies have highlighted the growing interactions between transnationally operating institutions in the wake of polycentric governance and hybrid institutional complexes. However, our findings reveal that there is insufficient empirical and conceptual research to fully understand the relationship, causes, and consequences of interplay between intergovernmental and transnational institutions. Reflecting on the challenges of addressing regulatory gaps and mitigating the crisis of multilateralism, we expound the present research frontier for further advancing research on institutional interplay and provide recommendations to support policy-making.