bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building organisational resilience capability in small and medium‐sized enterprises: The role of high‐performance work systems
Authors: Zhou Qin , Edafioghor Tinkuma Ejovi , Wu Chia‐Huei , Doherty Bob 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough organisational resilience is crucial to small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in turbulent business environments, research has yet to establish whether and how human resource management (HRM) systems can help build an SME's organisational resilience to influence firm performance. Drawing on the perspective of HRM as an internal capability builder and human capital resource theory, we develop a model that depicts how high‐performance work systems (HPWSs) build organisational resilience capabilities in the forms of bounce‐back and bounce‐forward resilience, leading to firm performance. We test our model using data from 1140 participants (including top management team members, middle‐level managers, and entry‐level employees) from 177 Nigerian SMEs. The structural equation modelling results show that HPWSs contribute to bounce‐back resilience via human capital value but to bounce‐forward resilience via both human capital value and heterogeneity. We also find that bounce‐forward resilience is related to firm performance but bounce‐back resilience is not.
Unraveling the morphological patterns of a subantarctic eelpout: a geometric morphometric approach
Authors: ORREGO Fernanda S. , HÜNE Mathias , BENÍTEZ Hugo A. , LANDAETA Mauricio F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation).
Identifying the location of locoregional recurrences after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer using metabolic parameters of baseline and mid‐treatment 18F‐FDG‐PET scans
Authors: Aren Ewa , Trada Yuvnik , Lee Mark , Deshpande Shrikant , Jameson Michael G , Johnston Meredith , Berry Megan , Estall Vanessa , Fowler Allan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionTumour recurrences after treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are more likely to originate from regions of high‐baseline FDG‐PET uptake. Mid‐treatment functional imaging can potentially predict for higher risk of tumour recurrence. The aim of this study is to correlate the location of locoregional tumour recurrence with baseline FDG‐PET metabolic volumes and mid‐treatment FDG‐PET metabolic volumes in patients with HNSCC following definitive radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 23 patients with 26 local and/or regional recurrences underwent baseline (W0‐PET) and mid‐treatment (W3‐PET) 18F‐FDG PET scans as part of their radiotherapy. FDG‐PET‐based metabolic volumes (MTV20%, MTV40%, MTV60%, MTV80%, SUV2.5, SUVpeak and PET_EDGE) were delineated onto the FDG‐PET scans. The recurrence nidus was identified on FDG‐PET at the time of recurrence (REC‐PET). DIR‐based fusion was performed for REC‐PET to W0‐PET, and REC‐PET to W3‐PET. The location of the recurrence nidus was correlated with the FDG‐PET volumes. Further analysis included a comparison of the recurrence density to FDG‐PET metabolic volumes.ResultsMost recurrences occurred within the MTV20%, MTV40% and SUV 2.5 volumes. Sixty‐nine per cent of recurrences (18 of 26) occurred within both the W0 MTV40% and W3 MTV40% volumes. A higher recurrence density was seen for iso‐SUV contours closer to the maximum SUV for both W0 and W3. For a number of the FDG‐PET volumes, including MTV20%, MTV40% and SUV2.5, the recurrence density was improved for W3 compared to W0, however, this improvement was small in magnitude. The average volume of MTV40% contours was considerably smaller than MTV20% and SUV2.5 contours.ConclusionThe metabolic parameters of SUV2.5, MTV20% and MTV40% delineated on the baseline and mid‐treatment FDG‐PET scans encompassed the majority of recurrences. The MTV40% is significantly smaller, hence, we prefer this volume for future dose escalation studies.
Child safety assessments during a caregiver's evaluation in emergency departments after intimate partner violence
Authors: Butala Nirali , Asnes Andrea , Gaither Julie , Leventhal John M. , O'Malley Shannon , Jubanyik Karen , Aydin Ani , Tiyyagura Gunjan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical abuse of children is reported to occur in 30%–60% of homes with intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV in adult victims presenting to emergency departments (EDs) represents a critical opportunity to evaluate for child safety.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the frequency of child safety assessments (CSAs), defined as any documented inquiry about the presence of children in the household, when adults presented to EDs for IPV. The secondary aims were to assess (1) the impact of demographic factors, ED type, and social work (SW) involvement on the likelihood of CSAs; (2) the nature of children's exposure; and (3) the frequency of child protective services (CPS) reports.MethodsWe performed a chart review of encounters with ICD‐10‐CM codes for patients aged 18–60 with IPV presenting to three EDs in Connecticut from 2017 through 2019.ResultsCSAs were completed in 179/277 encounters (78.9%) and were more likely to be completed in encounters with SW involvement than without (162/171 [94.7%] vs. 17/56 [30.3%], p < 0.001). A total of 143 children lived in the home at the time of the incident; of the 107 children for whom the nature of exposure was known, 10 (9.3%) were physically involved and 26 (24.2%) were direct witnesses to the violence. CPS reports were made in 52.4% of the encounters in which children lived in the home.ConclusionsCSAs were omitted in one‐fifth of encounters for IPV. Given the high prevalence of children involved in IPV episodes, ED encounters for IPV represent an opportunity to improve the safety of children.
Teaching delirium to undergraduate medical students: Exploring the effects of a cross‐professional group objective structured clinical examination compared to standard education
Authors: Montgomery Amy , Baird Louise , Traynor Victoria , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Smerdely Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare a cross‐professional facilitated delirium group objective structured clinical examination (GOSCE) educational intervention with standard delirium education for medical students during clinical placement, and explore the differences in the examiner's written feedback between the two groups.MethodsA non‐randomised clustered controlled designed study at a single metropolitan university across several campuses in Sydney, Australia. A convenience sample of third‐year medical students was recruited. Students' knowledge, communication, and clinical reasoning skills were assessed using a delirium case mock OSCE at the end of the academic year. The OSCE marks and the examiner's feedback for the intervention and control group were compared.ResultsThe intervention group (n = 41) had a higher total mean OSCE mark compared to the control group (n = 29) (36.5, SD 2.9 vs. 33.7, SD 2.9, p < 0.001). Content analysis of the examiner's feedback showed the intervention group had a greater understanding of the need for forward planning and future cognitive assessments, and the roles of the interdisciplinary team in delirium care.ConclusionsThe innovative cross‐professional facilitated delirium GOSCE education was effective in increasing delirium knowledge, communication, and clinical reasoning skills compared to conventional education for medical students during clinical placement. Further studies are needed to investigate how this is translated into practice.
A novel pulsatile blood pump design for cardiothoracic surgery: Proof‐of‐concept in a mock circulation
Authors: Weber Elena , Chong Albert , Liebold Andreas , Hoenicka Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulsatile perfusion during extracorporeal circulation is a promising concept to improve perfusion of critical organs. Clinical benefits are limited by the amount of pulsatile energy provided by standard pumps. The present study investigated the properties of a novel positive displacement blood pump in a mock circulation.MethodsThe pump was attached to an aortic model with a human‐like geometry and compliance as a pseudo patient. Hemodynamic data were recorded while the pump settings were adjusted systematically.ResultsUsing a regular oxygenator, maximum flow was 2.6 L/min at a pressure of 27 mm Hg and a frequency (F) of 90 bpm. Pulse pressure (PP; 28.9 mm Hg) and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE; 26.1% of mean arterial pressure) were highest at F = 40 bpm. Flow and pressure profiles appeared sinusoid. Using a low‐resistance membrane ventilator to assess the impact of back pressure, maximum flow was 4.0 L/min at a pressure of 58.6 mm Hg and F = 40 bpm. At F = 40 bpm, PP was 58.7 mm Hg with an SHE of 33.4%. SHE decreased with increasing flow, heart rate, and systolic percentage but surpassed 10% with reasonable settings.ConclusionsThe present prototype achieved sufficient flow and pressure ranges only in the presence of a low‐resistance membrane ventilator. It delivered supraphysiologic levels of pulse pressure and SHE. Further modifications are planned to establish this concept for adult pulsatile perfusion.
Liver fibrosis in young patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT), understanding the role of steatosis
Authors: Ricchi Paolo 
Published: October 2022

Using transient elastography Padeniya et al. detected steatosis and fibrosis in a cohort of young heavily iron overloaded patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia; steatosis was associated only with increasing body mass index, but not with iron overload and diabetes. Recently, great efforts have been devoted to eliminating or reducing iron overload and hepatitis C infection, which are well‐recognised causes of liver damage. Thus, haematologists should be aware that steatosis and probably more complex metabolism alterations may be encountered very early in these patients and could be responsible for further liver damage.Commentary on: Padeniya et al. The association between steatosis and liver damage in transfusion‐dependent beta thalassaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2023;200:517‐523
Experimental evidence of the impact of framing of actors and victims in conservation narratives
Authors: Shreedhar Ganga , Thomas‐Walters Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedia narratives play a crucial role in framing marine conservation dilemmas by depicting human actors, such as fish consumers or the fishing industry, as responsible for negative effects of their actions on species and ecosystems. However, there is little evidence documenting how such narratives affect preferences for reducing bycatch. Behavioral science research shows that people can act less prosocially when more actors are responsible for a collective outcome (responsibility diffusion effect) and when more victims need to be helped (compassion fade effect); thus, the media's framing of actors and victims may have a significant effect on preferences. We conducted the first test of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade in a marine context in an online experiment (1548 participants in the United Kingdom). In 9 media narratives, we varied the type of actors responsible for fisheries bycatch (e.g., consumers and industry) and victims (e.g., a single species, multiple species, and ecosystems) in media narratives and determined the effects of the narratives on participants’ support for bycatch policies and intentions to alter fish consumption. When responsibility for negative effects was attributed to consumers and industry, the probability of participants reporting support for fisheries policies (e.g., bycatch enforcement or consumer taxes) was ∼30% higher (odds ratio = 1.32) than when only consumers were attributed responsibility. These effects were primarily driven by female participants. Narratives had no effect on personal intentions to consume fish. Varying the type of victim had no effect on policy support and intentions. Our results suggest that neither responsibility diffusion nor compassion fade automatically follows from increasing the types of actors and victims in media narratives and that effects can depend on the type of outcome and population subgroup.
Key informant perspectives on 3 am last drinks legislation in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Miller Peter G. , Farmer Clare , Robertson Narelle , Coomber Kerri , Curtis Ashlee , Baldwin Ryan , Patafio Brittany , Ferris Jason , Puljevic Cheneal , Taylor Nicholas , de Andrade Dominique 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to explore key informant attitudes towards the ‘Last Drinks at 3am’ legislation in Safe Night Precincts in Queensland, Australia.MethodSixty‐six interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders including licensees, law enforcement and frontline health professionals. Interviews were semi‐structured and analysed using thematic analysis. Key informants responded to questions regarding their experiences of, and opinions about, the last drinks legislation.ResultsKey informants reported a range of experiences around the impact of last drinks restrictions, including reduced staffing costs and patron‐related problems within licensed venues. While some venues reported that their businesses lost money, others reported no change in income or that they changed their business model to compensate. Law enforcement and health professionals reported a range of benefits including reduced alcohol‐related anti‐social behaviour, drunkenness and injury.ConclusionsThe majority of key informants reported that the last drinks legislation reduced harm, while having minimal detrimental impact on business.
Head down tilt 15° to preserve salvageable brain tissue in acute ischemic stroke: A pre‐clinical pooled analysis, with focus on cerebral hemodynamics
Authors: Diamanti Susanna , Mariani Jacopo , Versace Alessandro , Riva Matteo , Cuccione Elisa , Cai Ruiyao , Monza Laura , Viganò Martina , Bolbos Radu , Chauveau Fabien , Cho Tae‐Hee , Carone Davide , Ferrarese Carlo , Beretta Simone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurological outcome after ischemic stroke depends on residual salvageable brain tissue at the time of recanalization. Head down tilt 15° (HDT15) was proven effective in reducing infarct size and improving functional outcome in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t‐MCAO) by increasing cerebral perfusion within the ischemic penumbra. In this pooled analysis, individual animal‐level data from three experimental series were combined in a study population of 104 t‐MCAO rats (45 in HDT15 group and 59 in flat position group). Co‐primary outcomes were infarct size and functional outcome at 24 h in both groups. The secondary outcome was hemodynamic change induced by HDT15 in ischemic and non‐ischemic hemispheres in a subgroup of animals. Infarct size at 24 h was smaller in HDT15 group than in flat position group (absolute mean difference 31.69 mm3, 95% CI 9.1–54.2, Cohen's d 0.56, p = 0.006). Functional outcome at 24 h was better in HDT15 group than in flat position group (median [IQR]: 13[10–16] vs. 11), with a shift in the distribution of the neurobehavioural scores in favour of HDT15. Mean cerebral perfusion in the ischemic hemisphere was higher during HDT15 than before its application (Perfusion Unit [P.U.], mean ± SD: 52.5 ± 19.52 P.U. vs. 41.25 ± 14.54 P.U., mean of differences 13.36, 95% CI 7.5–19.18, p = 0.0002). Mean cerebral perfusion in the non‐ischemic hemisphere before and during HDT15 was unchanged (P.U., mean ± SD: 94.1 ± 33.8 P.U. vs. 100.25 ± 25.34 P.U., mean of differences 3.95, 95%, CI −1.9 to 9.6, p = 0.1576). This study confirmed that HDT15 improves the outcome in t‐MCAO rats by promoting cerebral perfusion in the ischemic territory, without disrupting hemodynamics in non‐ischemic areas.
Effect of a high‐fat meal on the relative bioavailability of HMPL‐689 in Chinese healthy volunteers
Authors: Cao Weie , Ding Qichen , Wang Yijun , Liu Shuyun , Sun Shixuan , Jiang Fan , Xu Xiaoyan , Sai Yang , Wang Jian , Chen Qian , Liu Yun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high‐fat meal on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of HMPL‐689 in Chinese healthy volunteers. In this study, 34 eligible male volunteers received a single 30‐mg dose of HMPL‐689 capsules following an overnight fast or a high‐fat breakfast prior to dosing. Blood samples were collected at the designated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Total 32 healthy male volunteers were completed in the study. The GMRs of AUC0−t, AUC0−∞, and Cmax and their 90% CIs were 1.12 (1.09, 1.15), 1.12 (1.09, 1.15), and 0.64 (0.58, 0.70), respectively, in healthy male subjects after oral administration of HMPL‐689 following intake of a high‐fat diet versus under fasting state. The 90% CI of Cmax GMR fell outside the acceptable equivalent range (0.8–1.25). In addition, the median Tmax of HMPL‐689 was 1.0 and 4.0 h under the fasting and the fed conditions. The study indicated that intake of a high‐fat diet had an impact on the in vivo PK profile of HMPL‐689 in healthy Chinese male subjects, which could obviously reduce the oral absorption rate of HMPL‐689 and had little effect on the extent of oral absorption (AUC).
A field incubation approach to evaluate the depth dependence of soil biogeochemical responses to climate change
Authors: Guo Xiaowei , Mao Xiali , Yu Wu , Xiao Liujun , Wang Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Zheng Jinyang , Zhou Hangxin , Luo Lun , Chang Jinfeng , Shi Zhou , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil biogeochemical processes may present depth‐dependent responses to climate change, due to vertical environmental gradients (e.g., thermal and moisture regimes, and the quantity and quality of soil organic matter) along soil profile. However, it is a grand challenge to distinguish such depth dependence under field conditions. Here we present an innovative, cost‐effective and simple approach of field incubation of intact soil cores to explore such depth dependence. The approach adopts field incubation of two sets of intact soil cores: one incubated right‐side up (i.e., non‐inverted), and another upside down (i.e., inverted). This inversion keeps soil intact but changes the depth of the soil layer of same depth origin. Combining reciprocal translocation experiments to generate natural climate shift, we applied this incubation approach along a 2200 m elevational mountainous transect in southeast Tibetan Plateau. We measured soil respiration (Rs) from non‐inverted and inverted cores of 1 m deep, respectively, which were exchanged among and incubated at different elevations. The results indicated that Rs responds significantly (p < .05) to translocation‐induced climate shifts, but this response is depth‐independent. As the incubation proceeds, Rs from both non‐inverted and inverted cores become more sensitive to climate shifts, indicating higher vulnerability of persistent soil organic matter (SOM) to climate change than labile components, if labile substrates are assumed to be depleted with the proceeding of incubation. These results show in situ evidence that whole‐profile SOM mineralization is sensitive to climate change regardless of the depth location. Together with measurements of vertical physiochemical conditions, the inversion experiment can serve as an experimental platform to elucidate the depth dependence of the response of soil biogeochemical processes to climate change.
Diversity in medical PhD curricula: a call for harmonisation
Authors: Grace Samuel G. , van Zundert André A. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlobalisation has increased human movements around the world, spurring greater connectiveness and opportunities to collaborate. In an increasingly connected world, quality assurance among professionals is paramount, particularly in medical research where PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree holders are expected to be at the peak of their field and play advanced‐level research, education and leadership roles. While some regional efforts have been made to ensure comparability in the standards of advanced degree training, no previous study has compared these standards for a PhD in medicine across the globe.AimsTo explore the structural diversity of medical PhD degrees and identify which aspects benefit from greater harmonisation.MethodsIn 2021, the 10 best‐ranked universities from each of the top five Western countries, and the top Asian country, were identified based on Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking. Data were collected for each university based on individual website information regarding the level of degree required to gain entry into a PhD programme in medicine and requirements for completion of coursework, journal publication and oral defence.ResultsSignificant variations exist in the requirements for medical PhDs across the world in terms of prerequisite degree and inclusion of coursework. Oral defence is near universal, but a mandatory requirement for publication is largely absent.ConclusionsHarmonisation of medical PhD degrees through international standards should be considered to encourage quality improvement and benchmarking between institutions, as well as to facilitate greater ease of movement within the medical research community, improving international collaboration and individual career opportunities accordingly.
A stochastic optimization approach for staff scheduling decisions at inpatient units
Authors: Dehnoei Sajjad , Sauré Antoine , Ozturk Onur , Gardner William , Pajer Kathleen , Sheppard Roxanna , Patrick Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a solution approach for stochastic multi‐resource multi‐patient staff scheduling problems in inpatient units. Our solution approach has four steps. First, we classify patients into a number of groups with similar care‐provider requirements. Second, a predictive Markov model captures patients' flow in the inpatient unit and provides a prediction of the number of patients of each group in the future. This predictive model allows us to generate a potentially large set of possible system utilization scenarios over the planning horizon. Third, a mixed‐integer programming model with an expected value objective function seeks to minimize the expected over‐staffing and under‐staffing costs across all possible scenarios. Lastly, we use simulation to sample system utilization scenarios and the sample average approximation method to find a reliable and generalizable solution to the model across all possible scenarios. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution using real data from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario's inpatient mental health unit. The results show that the proposed approach significantly decreases the expected cost of the schedules in comparison to the traditional approaches.