bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases in China
Authors: Sun Xiaoang , Liu Meiyan , Luo Xiaona , Yuan Fang , Wang Chunmei , Wang Simei , Xu Quanmei , Zhang Yuanfeng , Chen Yucai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Research on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-associated disease (MOGAD) among Chinese children is relatively rare. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and analyze the clinical characteristics and prognoses of Chinese children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs) who tested positive or negative for MOG-Ab.

Methods
The clinical data of children with MOGAD who were treated in the Department of Neurology at Shanghai Children's Hospital from January 2017 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected.

Results
Among 90 children with ADSs, 30 were MOG-Ab-positive, and 60 were MOG-Ab-negative. MOG-Ab-positive children experienced more prodromal infections than did MOG-Ab-negative children (P < 0.05). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was the most common ADSs in both groups. There were ten cases of a rebound increase in MOG-Ab titers. There were significant differences in the MOG titer-related prognosis and disease time course between the disease relapse group and the non-relapse group (P < 0.01). Among the MOG-Ab-positive patients, the most affected brain areas detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were the temporal lobe, cerebellar hemispheres, brainstem, and periventricular lesions. The most common shapes of the lesions were commas, triangles, or patches. The average improvement time based on brain MRI was much longer in MOG-Ab-positive than in MOG-Ab-negative children (P < 0.05). The initial treatment time correlated with the disease time course, and the prognosis may be affected by the disease time course and serum MOG-Ab titer (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The clinical characteristics and imaging features of ADSs differed between MOG-Ab-positive and MOG-Ab-negative children. In addition to existing treatment plans, additional diagnoses and treatment plans should be developed to reduce recurrence and improve the prognoses of children with MOGAD.
National COVID-19 lockdown and trends in help-seeking for violence against children in Zimbabwe: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Cerna-Turoff Ilan , Nyakuwa Robert , Turner Ellen , Nherera Charles Muchemwa , Nhenga-Chakarisa Tendai , Devries Karen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
An estimated 1.8 billion children live in countries where COVID-19 disrupted violence prevention and response. It is important to understand how government policies to contain COVID-19 impacted children’s ability to seek help, especially in contexts where there was limited formal help-seeking prior to the pandemic. We aimed to quantify how the national lockdown in Zimbabwe affected helpline calls for violence against children, estimated the number of calls that would have been received had the lockdown not occurred and described characteristics of types of calls and callers before and after the national lockdown.

Methods
We used an interrupted time series design to analyse the proportion of violence related calls (17,913 calls out of 57,050) to Childline Zimbabwe’s national child helpline between 2017 to 2021. We applied autoregressive integrated moving average regression (ARIMA) models to test possible changes in call trends before and after the March 2020 lockdown and forecasted how many calls would have been received in the absence of lockdown. In addition, we examined call characteristics before and after lockdown descriptively.

Results
The proportion of violence related calls decreased in the 90 days after the lockdown and subsequently returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. We estimate that 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0–14.6%) more violence related calls would have occurred in this period had there not been a lockdown. Violence was increasingly reported as occurring in children’s households, with fewer reports from children and formal child protection actors.

Conclusions
Lockdowns dramatically change everyday life and strain populations, which is unlikely to reduce violence prevalence but may reduce help-seeking. The three months after COVID-19 lockdowns may be key time periods when help-seeking for violence decreases drastically. Policy makers should ensure that in-person and remote services support help-seeking. Interventions and campaigns may additionally want to target adult female family members in encouraging reporting of suspected violence cases when they occur within households and are perpetuated by other family members. We suggest a composite approach of scaling-up remote reporting mechanisms that are accessible and geographically well-distributed, establishing non-traditional sites for help seeking within communities and continuing limited in-person home visitation for known cases of violence.
What predicts people’s belief in COVID-19 misinformation? A retrospective study using a nationwide online survey among adults residing in the United States
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Capasso Ariadna , Ali Shahmir H. , Headley Tyler , DiClemente Ralph J. , Tozan Yesim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTackling infodemics with flooding misinformation is key to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet only a few studies have attempted to understand the characteristics of the people who believe in misinformation.MethodsData was used from an online survey that was administered in April 2020 to 6518 English-speaking adult participants in the United States. We created binary variables to represent four misinformation categories related to COVID-19: general COVID-19-related, vaccine/anti-vaccine, COVID-19 as an act of bioterrorism, and mode of transmission. Using binary logistic regression and the LASSO regularization, we then identified the important predictors of belief in each type of misinformation. Nested vector bootstrapping approach was used to estimate the standard error of the LASSO coefficients.ResultsAbout 30% of our sample reported believing in at least one type of COVID-19-related misinformation. Belief in one type of misinformation was not strongly associated with belief in other types. We also identified 58 demographic and socioeconomic factors that predicted people’s susceptibility to at least one type of COVID-19 misinformation. Different groups, characterized by distinct sets of predictors, were susceptible to different types of misinformation. There were 25 predictors for general COVID-19 misinformation, 42 for COVID-19 vaccine, 36 for COVID-19 as an act of bioterrorism, and 27 for mode of COVID-transmission.ConclusionOur findings confirm the existence of groups with unique characteristics that believe in different types of COVID-19 misinformation. Findings are readily applicable by policymakers to inform careful targeting of misinformation mitigation strategies.
Barriers associated with the public use of sports facilities in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Gao Wei , Feng Weisheng , Xu Qianli , Lu Shihui , Cao Keqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Sports and recreational facilities provide an important community resource where physical activity can be promoted among local residents. However, in China, many sports facilities are not fully open to the public and are often underutilized as essential public services. The purpose of this study was to examine the barriers to public entry from the facility management point of view.

Methods
A qualitative study informed by constructivist grounded theory. Individual interviews were conducted with executive managers, marketing staff, and facilities management personnel (n = 15). We took an inductive approach to data synthesis utilizing procedural three-level coding, and used the electronic data management program (NVivo12) to organize the data analysis process.

Results
The 15 participants discussed factors that impacted the sports facilities’ capacity to serve the public. Four key themes emerged from data synthesis: (a) Policy-related restrictions, (b) Management-related factors, (c) Service-related factors, and (d) Supervision factors. Specific barriers affecting facilities’ availability and accessibility involved policies and regulations, administrative pressure, institutional mechanisms, ideas, a professional team, practical ways, content development, schedule setting, spirit building, assessment and supervision, crisis management, and public evaluation.

Conclusion
Findings from this qualitative study provided theoretical ground and empirical support for future research aimed at making sports facilities more accessible to the public in order to maximize physical activity and meet the objectives of the national fitness blueprint in China.
Impact of HPV vaccination on HPV infection and cervical related disease burden in real-world settings (HPV-RWS): protocol of a prospective cohort
Authors: Liu Zhike , Li Pei , Zeng Xueyang , Yao Xiaoying , Sun Yexiang , Lin Hongbo , Shen Peng , Sun Feng , Zhan Siyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and could be prevented by human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. Cervarix, the first available HPV vaccine, has been widely administrated to Chinese women, while little was known about its effect on the prevention and control for HPV related diseases in China. The study aims to assess the impact of Cervarix on HPV infection and cervical related diseases in real world.

Methods
This is a prospective, multi-age birth cohort study to investigate the incidence and continuous status of HPV infection, and relevant cervical diseases by exposure status (with Cervarix vaccination history or without any HPV vaccination history). It is planned to recruit 12,118 eligible women at age of 9 to 45 years from vaccination clinics or hospital outpatient clinics, and then follow up them for three years. The standard questionnaire will be used to collect information such as demographic characteristics, menstruation and obstetrical histories, history of sexual behavior, personal behavior history, history of disease and pathogen infection, medication history, and family history at baseline. After three years, the changes of these behaviors will be investigated again, and other related health status information will be retrieved from the electronic health records during the follow-up period. If available physically and legally, the cervical cancer screening will be performed, including type-specific HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and contingent thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and colposcopy. The free cervical cancer screening will be captured and uploaded timely to the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform (YRHIP); therefore, the long-term outcomes of participants will be monitored.

Discussion
This prospective cohort study will assess the impact of HPV vaccine on HPV infection and related cervical diseases in women aged 9–45 years, which makes up for the lack of evidence in Chinese women. The results of this study will provide support for understanding the impact of HPV vaccination in China, and make a contribution to increasing HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage in China.

Trial registration
This study has been retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05341284) on April 22, 2022.
Associations between sociodemographic factors and receiving "ask and advise" services from healthcare providers in India: analysis of the national GATS-2 dataset
Authors: Ramanadhan Shoba , Xuan Ziming , Choi Jasmin , Mahtani Sitara L. , Minsky Sara , Gupte Himanshu , Mandal Gauri , Jagiasi Dinesh , Viswanath Kasisomayajula 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndia is home to about 12% of the world's tobacco users, with about 1.35 million tobacco-related deaths each year. The morbidity and mortality rates are socially patterned based on gender, rural vs. urban residence, education, and other factors. Following the World Health Organization's guidance, it is critical to offer tobacco users support for cessation as a complement to policy and environmental changes. Such guidance is typically unavailable in low-resource systems, despite the potential for population-level impact. Additionally, service delivery for tobacco control tends to be patterned by sociodemographic factors. To understand current activity in this area, we assessed the percentage of daily tobacco users being asked about tobacco use and advised to quit by a healthcare provider. We also examined social patterning of receipt of services (related to by rural vs. urban residence, age, gender, education, caste, and wealth).MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from India's 2016-2017 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS-2), a nationally representative survey. Among 74,037 respondents, about 25% were daily users of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco. We examined rates of being asked and advised about tobacco use overall and based on rural vs. urban residence, age, gender, education, caste, and wealth. We also conducted multivariate logistic regression to assess the association of demographic and socioeconomic conditions with participants' receipt of “ask and advise” services.ResultsNationally, among daily tobacco users, we found low rates of individuals reporting being asked about tobacco use or advised to quit by a healthcare provider (22% and 19%, respectively). Being asked and advised about tobacco use was patterned by age, gender, education, caste, and wealth in our final regression model.ConclusionsThis study offers a helpful starting point in identifying opportunities to address a critical service delivery gap in India. Given the existing burden on the public health and health systems, scale-up will require innovative, resource-appropriate solutions. The findings also point to the need to center equity in the design and scale-up of tobacco cessation supports so that marginalized and underserved groups will have equitable access to these critical services.
HIV prevalence among transgender women in Northeast Brazil – Findings from two Respondent Driven Sampling studies
Authors: Leite Beo Oliveira , Magno Laio , Soares Fabiane , MacCarthy Sarah , Brignol Sandra , Bastos Francisco Inácio , Dourado Inês 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The HIV epidemic still high among key-populations in Brazil, especially among transgender women (TGW). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV infection among TGW and to analyze factors associated with HIV seropositivity across two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Salvador, Bahia, one of the largest urban centers of Brazil.

Methods
The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2016 and 2016-2017 and employed Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) sampling, comprising 127 and 161 TGW residents of Salvador, Bahia. The outcome was the positive rapid antigen testing for HIV infection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binomial logistic regression.

Results
The HIV prevalence was 9.0% (95%CI: 4.2-18.2) and 24.3% (95%CI: 16.2-34.9). In the first study, factors associated with HIV prevalence were experiencing discrimination by the family (OR 8.22; 95%CI: 1.49-45.48) and by neighbors (OR 6.55; 95%CI: 1.12-38.14) as well as having syphilis (OR 6.56; 95%CI:1.11-38.65); in the subsequent study gender-based discrimination (OR 8.65; 95%CI:1.45-51.59) and having syphilis (OR 3.13; 95%CI: 1.45-51.59) were associated with testing positive for HIV.

Conclusion
We found disproportionately high HIV prevalence among TGW, which underscores the context of vulnerability for this population. The data point to the urgency for intensification and expansion of access to HIV prevention and strategies to stop discrimination in health care and services for this population.
The efficacy of oral vitamin D supplements on fusion outcome in patients receiving elective lumbar spinal fusion—a randomized control trial
Authors: Hu Ming-Hsien , Tseng Yu-Kai , Chung Yu-Hsuan , Wu Nai-Yuan , Li Chi-Huan , Lee Pei-Yuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported that vitamin D supplement could improve fracture healing, but evidence regarding the role of vitamin D supplements in spinal fusion was limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplements on fusion outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion.

Methods
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-designed, active-control trial included the patients who planned for elective lumbar spinal fusion. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either daily vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 800 IU and daily calcium citrate 600 mg (experimental group) or only daily calcium citrate 600 mg (control group). All supplements were given from postoperative day 1 and lasted for 3 months. Primary outcome was postoperative 1-year fusion rate, and secondary outcomes included time to fusion, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain.

Results
Among the included 34 patients (21 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group), baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OHVitD) level was 26.7 (10.4) ng/ml. Preoperative prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 23.5% and 47.1%, respectively. Postoperative 1-year fusion rate was not significantly different between the two groups (95.2% vs. 84.6%, P = 0.544). The experimental group had significantly shorter time to fusion (Kaplan–Meier estimated: 169 days vs. 185 days [interquartile range: 88–182 days vs. 176–324 days], log-rank test: P = 0.028), lower postoperative 6-month ODI (P < 0.001), and lower postoperative 6-month VAS (P < 0.001) than the control group. Time to fusion was significantly and negatively correlated with preoperative, postoperative 3-month, and 6-month 25(OH)VitD levels (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The patient with vitamin D supplements had shorter time to fusion, better spinal function and less pain after elective spinal fusion. Further research is warranted to identify the patients who can benefit the most from vitamin D supplements and the appropriate dose of vitamin D supplements.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05023122. Registered 20 August 2021. Retrospectively registered, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03793530.
Autologous bone fragments for skull reconstruction after microvascular decompression
Authors: Cai Yuankun , Zhang Xiuling , Chen Xiaobin , Dai Xuan , Chai Songshan , Li Guo , Mei Zhimin , Ho Joshua , Chen Jincao , Li Luoqing , Xiong Nanxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Various methods are used to reconstruct the skull after microvascular decompression, giving their own advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using autologous bone fragments for skull reconstruction after microvascular decompression.

Methods
The clinical and follow-up data of 145 patients who underwent microvascular decompression and skull reconstruction using autologous bone fragments in our hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Three patients (2.06%) had delayed wound healing after surgery and were discharged after wound cleaning. No patient developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, incisional dehiscence, or intracranial infection. Eighty-five (58.62%) patients underwent follow-up cranial computed tomography at 1 year postoperatively, showed excellent skull reconstruction. And, the longer the follow-up period, the more satisfactory the cranial repair. Two patients underwent re-operation for recurrence of hemifacial spasm, and intraoperative observation revealed that the initial skull defect was filled with new skull bone.

Conclusion
The use of autologous bone fragments for skull reconstruction after microvascular decompression is safe and feasible, with few postoperative wound complications and excellent long-term repair results.
One-stage posterior surgery combined with anti-Brucella therapy in the management of lumbosacral brucellosis spondylitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Luan Haopeng , Liu Kai , Deng Xiaonan , Sheng Weibin , Mamat Mardan , Guo Hailong , Li Huaqiang , Deng Qiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of one-stage posterior surgery combined with anti-Brucella therapy in the treatment of lumbosacral brucellosis spondylitis (LBS).

Methods
From June 2010 to June 2020, the clinical and radiographic data of patients with LBS treated by one-stage posterior surgery combined with anti-Brucella therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Oswestry Disability Index scores (ODI) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Frankel’s classification system was employed to access the initial and final neurologic function. Fusion of the bone grafting was classified by Bridwell’s grading system.

Results
A total of 55 patients were included in this study with a mean postoperative follow-up time of 2.6 ± 0.8 years (range, 2 to 5). There were 40 males and 15 females with a mean age of 39.8 ± 14.7 years (range, 27 to 57). The Brucella agglutination test was ≥ 1:160 in all patients, but the blood culture was positive in 43 patients (78.1%). A statistical difference was observed in ESR, CRP, VAS, ODI, and JOA between preoperative and final follow-up (P < 0.05). Neurological function was significantly improved in 20 patients with preoperative neurological dysfunction after surgery. According to Bridwell’s grading system, the fusion of bone grafting in 48 cases (87.2%) was defined as grade I, and grade II in 7 cases (12.7%). None of the infestation recurrences was observed.

Conclusion
One-stage posterior surgery combined with anti-Brucella therapy was a practical method in the treatment of LBS with severe neurological compression and spinal sagittal imbalance.
The association between endometriosis and risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Jiatian , Peng Hongling , Huang Xia , Qi Xiaorong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Endometriosis (EMS) is confirmed pathophysiologically to be an estrogen-dependent disease, similar to endometrial hyperplasia/cancer and breast cancer. Epidemiological and biological data on endometriosis might explain links between endometriosis and these cancers. We sought to identify the differences in the risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer between women with and women without endometriosis.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and four Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM) to identify relevant studies published online between January 2011 and March 2021. In our meta-analysis, we used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) to evaluate the design and quality of all studies, and we calculated the pooled risk ratio (RR) using the random model. The Q test and I2 were used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity of eligible studies. We used funnel plots and Begg’s and Egger’s tests to assess publication bias.

Results
Of the 1369 articles, we finally included 14 cohort studies and seven case–control studies. Data from large cohort and case–control studies indicate that women with endometriosis had an increased risk of both endometrial cancer [RR, 1.662; 95% CI, (1.148–2.407)] and breast cancer [RR, 1.082; 95% CI, (1.001–1.169)].

Conclusion
Endometriosis can increase the risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer, and women with endometriosis are recommended to receive routine screening in long-term management.