bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconia‐Platinum Nanohybrids for Ultrasound‐Activated Sonodynamic‐Thermodynamic Bimodal Therapy by Inducing Intense Intracellular Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Yongcan , Huang Jiansen , Yu Honglian , Zhao Yinmin , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Xue Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe therapeutic exploration of nano‐zirconia semiconductor largely remains untouched in the field of fundamental science to date. Here, a robust nano‐sonosensitizer of ZrO2−x@Pt is strategically formulated by in situ growth of Pt nanocrystal onto the surface of oxygen‐deficient ZrO2−x. Compared to 3.09 eV of nano‐ZrO2−x, the bandgap of ZrO2−x@Pt Schottky junction is narrowed down to 2.74 eV. The band bending and bandgap narrowing enables an enhanced e−/h+ separation in the presence of aPt electron sink, which facilitates a high yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Moreover, nanozyme Pt with catalase‐mimic activity can promote 1O2 generation by relieving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Upon further modification of 2,2′‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH), US‐stimulated local thermal shock can disintegrate AIPH to create cytotoxic alkyl radicals (•R). US‐triggered reactive oxygen species generation and hyperthermia‐induced alkyl radical production lead to severe and irreversible tumor cell death. Such combinatorial sonodynamic‐thermodynamic therapy benefits the tumor eradication and metastasis inhibition at the animal level, with the aid of immunogenetic cell death and immune checkpoint blockade. Taken together, this proof‐of‐concept paradigm expands the medical use of nano‐zirconia and provides useful insights for its therapeutic perspectives.
Coupling Atomically Dispersed Fe–N5 Sites with Defective N‐Doped Carbon Boosts CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Li Zhao , Jiang Jinxia , Liu Ximeng , Zhu Zhaozhao , Wang Junjie , He Qian , Kong Qingquan , Niu Xiaobin , Chen Jun Song , Wang John , Wu Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtomically dispersed iron immobilized on nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst has attracted enormous attention for CO2 electroreduction, but still suffers from low current density and poor selectivity. Herein, atomically dispersed FeN5 active sites supported on defective N‐doped carbon successfully formed by a multistep thermal treatment strategy with the aid of dicyandiamide are reported. This dual‐functional strategy can not only construct intrinsic carbon defects by selectively etching pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N, but also introduces an additional N from the neighboring carbon layer coordinating to the commonly observed FeN4, thus creating an FeN5 active site supported on defective porous carbon nanofibers (FeN5/DPCF) with a local 3D configuration. The optimized FeN5/DPCF achieves a high CO Faradaic efficiency (>90%) over a wide potential range of −0.4 to −0.6 V versus RHE with a maximal FECO of 93.1%, a high CO partial current density of 9.4 mA cm−2 at the low overpotential of 490 mV, and a remarkable turnover frequency of 2965 h−1. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the synergistic effect between the FeN5 sites and carbon defects can enhance electronic localization, thus reducing the energy barrier for the CO2 reduction reaction and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction, giving rise to the superior activity and selectivity.
Fingolimod mitigates synaptic deficits and psychosis‐like behavior in APP/PSEN1 mice
Authors: Krivinko Josh M. , Erickson Susan L. , MacDonald Matthew L. , Garver Megan E. , Sweet Robert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent treatments for psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a syndrome characterized by more rapid deterioration and reduced synaptic protein abundance relative to non‐psychotic AD, are inadequate. Fingolimod, a currently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved pharmacotherapy for multiple sclerosis, alters synaptic protein expression and warrants preclinical appraisal as a candidate pharmacotherapy for psychosis in AD.MethodsPresenilin and amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) and wild‐type mice were randomized to fingolimod or saline for 7 days. Psychosis‐associated behaviors were quantified by open field testing, pre‐pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response testing, and habituation of the acoustic startle response testing. Synaptic proteins were quantified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in homogenate and postsynaptic density fractions.ResultsFingolimod treatment increased the synaptic protein abundance in cortical homogenates and normalized psychosis‐associated behaviors in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice relative to saline. Mitochondrial‐related proteins were preferentially altered by fingolimod treatment and correlated with improvements in psychosis‐associated behaviors.DiscussionPreclinical studies employing complementary psychosis‐associated behavioral assessments and proteomic evaluations across multiple AD‐related models are warranted to replicate the current study and further investigate fingolimod as a candidate treatment for psychosis in AD.
Stifle hyperextension identified in a dog with an excessively negative tibial plateau angle and a grossly intact cranial cruciate ligament following inappropriate cranial closing wedge ostectomy
Authors: Rial García Alba , Craig Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA cross breed dog was examined due to an abnormal right pelvic limb gait following cranial closing wedge ostectomy surgery. Gait evaluation revealed stifle hyperextension during the stance phase of the gait. Manipulation of the stifle revealed no cranial or caudal drawer and no cranial tibial thrust. Radiographs showed complete healing of the proximal tibial osteotomy, with a tibial plateau angle (TPA) of –14°. Computed tomography showed 20° of external tibial torsion on the right pelvic limb. A mini‐medial stifle arthrotomy revealed no gross damage to the cruciate ligaments and intact menisci. A cranial opening wedge osteotomy of 17° was performed and the torsional alignment corrected, after which the tibia was stabilised with orthogonal plates and an intramedullary pin. The postoperative radiographs confirmed a satisfactory TPA of 3° and normal tibial alignment. At 6 months follow‐up, a video record revealed normal right pelvic limb gait.
A new modification of oxonium trimetaphosphimate monohydrate
Authors: Günther Daniel , Kalischer Christoph , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetaphosphimates are possible precursors for oxonitridophosphates. A new polymorph of trimetaphosphimic acid, in fact an oxonium trimetaphosphimate monohydrate, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. It exhibits coin‐roll‐like stacks of H2(PO2NH)3− anions in a rectangular pattern, whereas these form a hexagonal arrangement in the known polymorph. Ring conformation analysis reveals a state between boat and twist conformations, closer to the boat conformation. Temperature‐dependent powder diffraction shows decomposition upon heating to ca. 100 °C.
Coordination chemistry of pnictogenylboranes towards group 6 transition metal Lewis acids
Authors: Lehnfeld Felix , Hegen Oliver , Balázs Gábor , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coordination behavior of different pnictogenylboranes towards group 6 metal Lewis acids is investigated. The resulting complexes with phosphanylboranes [(CO)4M(PH2BH2 ⋅ NMe3)2] (M=Cr, Mo, W; 1–3), arsanylboranes ([(CO)4M(AsH2BH2 ⋅ NMe3)2] (M=Cr, Mo, W; 4–6) and tBu‐substituted phosphanylboranes [(CO)4M(tBuPHBH2 ⋅ NMe3)2] (M=Cr, W; 7–8) are fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The systematic nature of the approach of the synthesis and the high purity of the compounds enable a comparative investigation of the coordination behavior of pnictogenylboranes. The influences of the metal center, the pnictogen atom and the substituent at the pnictogen atom on the coordination behavior of pnictogenylboranes are compared.
Antibiotic-Free Solutions for the Development of Biofilm Prevention Coatings
Authors: Costa Bruna , Barros Joana , Costa Fabíola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStents and urinary catheters are commonly used medical devices, whose need is forecasted to grow considering not only the world population increase but also its aging and sedentary lifestyle.Independently of the great development on biomaterials and device design, infection represents still a major cause of failure of these devices, with undeniable humane and economical costs. Different antibiotic-based solutions have appeared in the market to try to address the matter. However, there is growing evidence on the impact of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on urinary tract medical-devices infections, and respective outcomes. A broad number of alternatives have been proposed, however, given the wide variability of results for different strategies, there remains a tremendous need to validate their clinical significance, particularly assuring patient safety. Additionally, most of these strategies might be advantageous while in combination with current therapies, so further studies are needed.
Urinary Tract Infections and Encrustation in Urinary Stents
Authors: Herout Roman , Reicherz Alina , Chew Ben H. , Lange Dirk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRegardless clinical benefits of urinary stents, these indispensable tools for everyday practice come with substantial hindrances as they can lead to stent-related symptoms, encrustation, hematuria, infection and hence to an overall reduction in the quality of life of patients. Bacterial colonization of foreign bodies has been a significant problem in Medicine in general and Urology in particular for decades. Studies have shown that around 42–100% of all indwelling ureteral stents are colonized by bacteria. Typically, the bacteria continue to form a more mature biofilm as large, structured communities of bacteria adhere onto surfaces and secret polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins that form an eminently protective cast around the bacteria. Due to the complex biology and interactions between foreign body surfaces, the host and microbes, a simple, one-fits-all solution is not very likely to be developed. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the underlying biology has dramatically expanded, and novel technologies are being tested. Probably the easiest solution is to appraise ureteral stenting critically and omit stenting whenever feasible. However, for patients in need of a ureteral stent the future might bring “ideal” stents that are biodegradable, coated to avoid biofilm formation and incrustation and ideally emit sufficient levels of specific drugs that prevent tissue ingrowth or even dissolve urinary calculi.
Strategies to Improve the Quality of Life of Stented Patients
Authors: Emiliani E. , Kanashiro A. K. , Girón-Nanne I. , Angerri-Feu O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteric stents are one of the most used tools in urology. As they are often necessary it is imperative to correctly indicate a stent placement, following conscious and evidence-based criteria. However, they present a significant drawback, since up to 80% of patients present bothersome symptoms that negatively affect quality of life. There are many strategies to reduce stented patient’s morbidity: First a proper stenting indication is needed to avoid unnecessary stenting; Minimizing stent indwelling time is also crucial; Currently, numerous materials are available including relatively stiff (polyurethane) to relatively soft (silicone), materials that’s seems to influence patient stent-related symptoms; Finally, choosing a proper stent length according to the patients anatomy and a correct placement may reduce further stent bothersome. All these different approaches may be implemented in daily practice to help reduce adverse effects and complications in stented patients.
Quality and Value Appropriation by Colombian Coffee Producers: Starting to Fill the Gap from a Gender Perspective
Authors: Quiñones-Ruiz Xiomara F. , Giraldo-Liévano Tatiana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGender – considered as an intersectional analysis unit – can bring further insights into global value chains from production and processing to retailing and final consumption. This article provides insights on gender-specific constructs from an intersectional research perspective to enrich the understanding of quality attributes and conventions along the global coffee value chain. The exploration uncovers the roles and positions as well as value appropriation of female and male Colombian producers – in particular rural female producers – as they enter the specialty coffee niche characterized by distinctive cup quality (taste of coffee). Recognizing and valuing the contribution of women in all social and economic fields is a fundamental right under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 to combat all forms of discrimination and enhance self-determination of women and girls as well as gender equality.
Forschungsperspektiven zur Hofnachfolge: Eine Systematisierung der wissenschaftlichen Literatur
Authors: Larcher Manuela 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht die agrarsoziologische und sozioökonomische Forschung zur Hofnachfolge. Ausgehend von theoretischen und empirischen Definitionen der Hofnachfolge, Forschungsfragen, empirischen Methoden und der Einbettung in die Literatur werden fünf Forschungsperspektiven erarbeitet: i) Hofnachfolge als langjähriger komplexer sozialer Prozess, ii) Hofnachfolge und Ruhestand als spiegelbildliche Prozesse, iii) Wahrscheinlichkeit der Hofnachfolge als Funktion endogener und exogener Einflussfaktoren, iv) Hofnachfolge als Einflussfaktor auf bäuerliche Haushaltsstrategien und v) Hofnachfolge im Kontext von Überalterung in der Landwirtschaft. Jede Perspektive bietet spezifische Einblicke in die Hofnachfolge in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben.
Armut, Armutsgefährdung, soziale Ausgrenzung: Ursachen und Konsequenzen im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Wiesinger Georg 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungLändliche Armut wird häufig mit bäuerlicher Armut gleichgesetzt, was der Realität aber längst nicht mehr entspricht. Die ländliche Bevölkerung ist heute vielfältig. Bauern und Bäuerinnen sind eine Minderheit. Laut wissenschaftlicher Studien unterscheiden sich städtische und ländliche Armut nicht grundlegend. Es lassen sich zwar ähnliche Armutsfaktoren feststellen, ihre Wirkungsmechanismen sind räumlich aber oft sehr unterschiedlich. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die zentralen Aspekte ländlicher Armut und zeigt, dass eingeschränkte Erwerbsmöglichkeiten, niedrige Einkommen, unzureichendes Angebot an Mobilität und Wohnraum zu ihren strukturellen Ursachen zählen.
Biobaumwollinitiativen und ihre Wirkung auf das Gemeinschaftskapital ländlicher Regionen in Tansania, Indien und Peru
Authors: Altenbuchner Christine , Larcher Manuela 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Anbau von zertifizierter Biobaumwolle wird durch unterschiedliche Initiativen in mehreren Ländern weltweit unterstützt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Wirkung ausgewählter Initiativen auf das Gemeinschaftskapital der beteiligten Bäuerinnen und Bauern unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener naturräumlicher, ökonomischer, sozialer und kultureller Rahmenbedingungen. Mit dem Community Capitals Framework als Analyserahmen werden die Wirkungen in drei Fallbeispielen aus Tansania, Indien und Peru systematisch untersucht und verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nicht nur der Anbau von Biobaumwolle das Gemeinschaftskapital erhöht, sondern auch begleitende Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Selbstermächtigung der Bäuerinnen und Bauern sowie zur Errichtung von gemeinschaftlicher Infrastruktur, beispielsweise von Saatgutbanken oder Brunnen.
Zielpluralismus, Zielkonflikte und berufliche Werthaltungen in der Vergabepraxis
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung Das Kapitel widmet sich dem Wandel der Handlungsorientierungen in der Vergabepraxis. Sowohl die Ermessensspielräume, die der Gesetzgeber in Form der vielen Kann-Regelungen vorsieht, als auch die Pluralität von informellen Normen und Handlungsleitfäden, die Orientierungshilfen im Umgang mit den Ermessensspielräumen bieten, lassen erwarten, dass Kommunen und einzelne Vergabezuständige hier unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte setzen. In den Interviews mit Verwaltungskräften zeichnet sich dabei ein recht deutlicher, branchen- und ortsübergreifender Trend ab, und zwar zugunsten einer stärkeren Gewichtung der Qualität der eingekauften Dienstleistungen, sowie weiterer Ziele, die sich auf das Wohl der Adressat*innen der Dienstleistungen beziehen. Folglich beziehen sich auch viele der wahrgenommenen Herausforderungen und Handlungsdilemmata in erster Linie auf Aspekte, die eine Steigerung der Dienstleistungsqualität erschweren. Gute Arbeitsbedingungen (Sozialpolitisierung) oder der Schutz des Wettbewerbs als Institution (Vermarktlichung) nehmen demgegenüber einen sekundären Platz im Wertekanon der Vergabefachkräfte ein, und werden in erster Linie funktional auf das primäre Leitbild bezogen: Sie gelten also insoweit als nützlich (bzw. schädlich), als sie die Gewährleistung von qualitativ guten Dienstleistungen unterstützen.
Industrielle Beziehungen und Arbeitsregulierung im neuen ‚Experimentierraum‘
Authors: Jaehrling Karen , Stiehm Christin 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel analysiert die Praktiken der sozialverantwortlichen Auftragsvergabe im engeren Sinn. Dabei richtet sich der Blick stärker als bislang auch auf die nichtstaatlichen Akteure, die in Deutschland traditionell eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aushandlung und Durchsetzung von Löhnen und weiteren Arbeitsstandards spielen, nämlich Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbände. Damit stehen hier die Interaktionen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen den alten Arenen industrieller Beziehungen und dem neuem ‚Experimentierraum‘ Vergabepraxis im Zentrum. Als zentrale Stellschrauben in diesem ‚Experimentierraum‘ geht das Kapitel auf die Lern –und Aushandlungsprozesse zu geeigneten Maßnahmen der Durchsetzung und Kontrolle extern gesetzter Lohnstandards (Tariflöhne, Vergabe-Mindestlöhne), zur Ermittlung angemessener Preise (als eine Form der indirekten Lohnsetzung), und zu weiteren Auflagen zu Arbeitsbedingungen bei den beauftragten Firmen ein. Die Analyse bestätigt tendenziell die Annahme eines komplementären Verhältnisses: Neigungen und Fähigkeiten kommunaler Akteure zur sozialverantwortlichen Auftragsvergabe hängen wenigstens partiell auch von den Impulsen und Handlungskapazitäten auf Seiten der Akteure der industriellen Beziehungen ab.
Schubert problems, positivity and symbol letters
Authors: Yang Qinglin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose a geometrical approach to generate symbol letters of amplitudes/integrals in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory, known as Schubert problems. Beginning with one-loop integrals, we find that intersections of lines in momentum twistor space are always ordered on a given line, once the external kinematics Z is in the positive region G+(4, n). Remarkably, cross-ratios of these ordered intersections on a line, which are guaranteed to be positive now, nicely coincide with symbol letters of corresponding Feynman integrals, whose positivity is then concluded directly from such geometrical configurations. In particular, we reproduce from this approach the 18 multiplicative independent algebraic letters for n = 8 amplitudes up to three loops. Finally, we generalize the discussion to two-loop Schubert problems and, again from ordered points on a line, generate a new kind of algebraic letters which mix two distinct square roots together. They have been found recently in the alphabet of two-loop double-box integral with n ≥ 9, and they are expected to appear in amplitudes at k + ℓ ≥ 4.
Rényi entropy and negativity for massless Dirac fermions at conformal interfaces and junctions
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Murciano Sara , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the ground state of a (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) built withMspecies of massless free Dirac fermions coupled at one boundary point via a conformal junction/interface. Each CFT represents a wire of finite lengthL. We develop a systematic strategy to compute the Rényi entropies for a generic bipartition between the wires and the entanglement negativity between two non-complementary sets of wires. Both these entanglement measures turn out to grow logarithmically withLwith an exactly calculated universal prefactor depending on the details of the junction and of the bipartition. These analytic predictions are tested numerically for junctions of free Fermi gases, finding perfect agreement.
Translativity of beta-type functions
Authors: Małolepszy Tomasz , Matkowski Janusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTranslativity of the beta-type function $$B_{f}:I^{2}\rightarrow \left( 0,\infty \right) $$

B
f

:

I
2

→

0
,
∞

, $$\begin{aligned} B_{f}\left( x,y\right) :=\frac{f\left( x\right) f\left( y\right) }{f\left( x+y\right) }, \end{aligned}$$

B
f

x
,
y

:
=

f

x

f

y

f

x
+
y

,

where f is a single variable function defined either on $$I={\mathbb {R}}$$

I
=
R

or $$I=[ 0,\infty )$$

I
=
[
0
,
∞
)

, or $$I=\left( 0,\infty \right) $$

I
=

0
,
∞

, is considered. In each of these three cases a complete solution is given.
Surface generation on titanium alloy through powder-mixed electric discharge machining with the focus on bioimplant applications
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Bhatti Haider Ali , Asad Muhammad , Kumar M. Saravana , Zahoor Sadaf , Khan Aqib Mashood 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe inflammation around poorly osseointegrated bioimplant is one of the root causes of its failure. Therefore, the biomedical industry constantly strives for new ways to develop bioactive surfaces in permanent implants to enhance the service life. In this regard, implant surface modification at micro/nanoscales is carried out to enrich substrate with higher engineering attributes and biocompatibility. Considering the complexities of post-processing of implants, this study evaluates the potentiality of an integrated process of implant machining and surface modification, namely, powder-mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM). Ti6Al4V ELI implant material, as substrate, is machined under two distinct (Si, SiC) mixed additive conditions using a full factorial design of experiments. The surface quality, surface morphology, recast layer depth, surface chemistry, and work hardening have been holistically investigated. The bioactivity analysis of machined surfaces shows more porosity in the case of Si powder particles (200 to 400 nm) compared to SiC (100 to 250 nm). Furthermore, the study optimized the process parameters for minimum roughness and recast layer depth considering 5 g/L powder concentration, 5A pulse current, 50 µs pulse on time for Si, and 100 µs pulse on time for SiC. A comprehensive review of surface features based on process physical science is established, and nanoscale surface topography influencing protein absorption is analyzed.