bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irritable bowel syndrome and diet
Authors: Weber H. Christian 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The diagnosis of IBS is based on the presence of defined clinical Rome IV criteria in the absence of alarm features. The majority of patients with IBS report of food triggers eliciting typical IBS symptoms and trying to modify their dietary intake.

Recent findings
FGID including IBS are defined as disorders of the gut-brain interaction. A large proportion of individuals with IBS link their symptoms to dietary factors, and recent clinical studies have shown benefits of a diet low in FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols) on IBS symptoms and quality of life. Dietary interventions mediate directly changes of luminal gut contents affecting chemosensing-enteroendocrine cells in the modulation of the gut brain microbiome axis in IBS patients. Long-term assessment of clinical outcomes in patients on a low FODMAP diet is needed. Professional guidelines have incorporated the suggestion to offer IBS patients a diet low in FODMAPs.

Summary
The FGIDs, including IBS, are defined as gut-brain disorders. Low FODMAP diet has been shown in clinical trials to reduce IBS symptoms but long-term efficacy and nutritional side-effects remain uncertain.
PIEZO1, sensing the touch during erythropoiesis
Authors: Caulier Alexis , Garçon Loïc 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Awarding the 2021 Nobel to Ardem Patapoutian for the discovery of the PIEZO mechanotransducers has emphasized the importance of touch-sensing mechanisms in cell physiology. It is well known that PIEZO1 is expressed at the surface of red blood cells where it adjusts their hydration status under mechanical constraints. Besides this, recent findings suggest that PIEZO1 plays a broader role in erythroid lineage. This review aims to actualize the knowledge on PIEZO1 functions all along erythropoiesis.

Recent findings
PIEZO1 is expressed in erythroid progenitors, and controls proliferation and differentiation of nucleated cells, as well as maturation of reticulocytes. As PIEZO1 detects displacements in the range of cell–cell interactions, it might mediate the interaction between the differentiating cells and their microenvironment through an inside-out activation of integrins on human erythroblasts as suggested by in-vitro data. Moreover, PIEZO1 is also expressed at the surface of macrophages where it regulates red blood cells clearance through erythrophagocytosis.

Summary
These new findings on PIEZO1 suggest a continuous effect of mechanotransduction all over erythropoiesis from progenitors to clearance of red blood cells. Therefore, they open a new era in the understanding of hereditary xerocytosis pathophysiology, helping identify new potential therapeutic targets for the future.
Prediction of Pediatric Patient Admission/Discharge in the Emergency Department
Authors: Hannon Colm , Roland Damian , O'Sullivan Ronan 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Irish Paediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS), the Paediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS), and the Irish Children's Triage System (ICTS) to predict patient disposition pathways in an emergency department (ED) setting.

Methods
Data were prospectively collected on patients aged less than 16 years presenting to an Irish mixed adult/pediatric ED over 3 weeks during December 2018. After calculating a once-off PEWS, POPS, and ICTS, we investigated the ability of the scoring systems to predict admission or discharge from the ED. Primary comparison of the index tests was conducted using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
A total of 550 patients were included in this study. There were 114 admissions (20.7%) and 436 discharges (79.3%). The POPS had an area under the ROC curve of 0.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–0.75]. The PEWS had an area under the ROC curve of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.53–0.64). The ICTS had an area under the ROC curve of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.53–0.63).

Conclusions
The POPS has greater accuracy as a predictor of admission from the ED than PEWS and ICTS. Possible future implementation of POPS into pediatric EDs as a cognitive prompt before admission decision seems to be merited. Further multicenter validation in Ireland would be helpful.
Tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots predicts future viremia in persons with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy in South Africa
Authors: Jennings Lauren , Robbins Reuben N. , Nguyen Nadia , Ferraris Christopher , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Dolezal Curtis , Hsiao Nei-yuan , Mgbako Ofole , Joska John , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R. , Myer Landon , Anderson Peter L. , Remien Robert H. , Orrell Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is used as a biomarker of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Recent treatment studies have shown that TFV-DP predicts future viremia in persons with HIV (PWH) but there are few data from high-burden settings. We investigated whether TFV-DP in DBS predicts future viral breakthrough in South African PWH.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort.

Methods:
We enrolled 250 adults receiving tenofovir-containing regimens, currently virally suppressed (<50 copies/ml) but at risk of future viral breakthrough, from four primary health clinics in Cape Town. Paired viral load and DBS for TFV-DP were collected monthly for 12 months. Viral breakthrough was the first confirmed viral load greater than 400 copies/ml. Logistic regression estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for future viral breakthrough at the next visit.

Results:
Participants provided 2944 paired DBS and viral load samples. Median (IQR) age was 34 (27–42) years; median duration on ART at study entry was 11 (4–12) months;78% were women. Twenty-one (8%) participants developed viral breakthrough. Participants with TFV-DP 400 fmol/punch or less had an adjusted OR of 16.1 (95% CI: 3.9–67.4; P < 0.001) for developing viral breakthrough 1 month later compared with participants with TFV-DP greater 800 fmol/punch.

Conclusion:
TFV-DP in DBS strongly predicted future viral breakthrough in a clinical cohort of South African PWH. A biomarker able to identify PWH at risk for future viral breakthrough has the potential to improve health outcomes through timely intervention. Future studies exploring the clinical use of TFV-DP in DBS in conjunction with viral load in ART monitoring are warranted.
Improving Influenza Vaccination Rates in an Underserved Primary Care Clinic Using a Simple Educational Tool
Authors: Baltes Matthew , Pronovost Emma , Kanuch Stephanie , Caron Aleece 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives:
Influenza is a preventable communicable illness that has a significant impact on people of all ages. In 2018, it was estimated that 80 000 people died of influenza-related illnesses. In the 2018-2019 influenza season, only 34.9% of individuals in the 18 to 49 years age group received the influenza vaccine. Despite the low vaccination rate for influenza, the vaccine has multiple evidence-based benefits that demonstrate the importance of improving its uptake among adults. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the vaccine prevented around “6.2 million influenza illnesses, 3.2 million influenza-associated medical visits 91 000 influenza-associated hospitalizations, and 5700 influenza-associated deaths” in the 2017-2018 influenza season. In a suburban family medicine clinic, a primary care provider (PCP) observed that greater than 50% of adult patients in his family medicine practice declined influenza vaccine when offered during the 2018-2019 season compared with the site rate of 43.4% and the department rate of 47.9%.

Methods:
The goal of this project was to educate patients who initially decline the vaccine to agree to receive the vaccine and to increase the percentage of patients who get an influenza vaccine from 43.4% to 50% in adult patients at a suburban primary care clinic by having them read the CDC document and asking them after they read the document whether they would like to receive the vaccine. From October 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, adult patients in a primary care clinic were asked whether they wanted to receive the influenza vaccination and responses were recorded. During this time, 589 patients were questioned, with 56% (n = 330) answering no, or 43% of patients receiving the influenza vaccination.

Results:
In total, 658 patients were offered the flu shot during the intervention period, representing 27.7% of the patients seen in this clinic. While there was some monthly variation, the PCP was able improve the percentage of patients receiving the influenza vaccination from 43% to 60.9% with this simple educational intervention. The overall clinic rate for this time frame increased from 56.6% to 58.2%.

Conclusions:
This simple intervention was effective in improving influenza vaccine rates for one provider in a suburban safety-net clinic. It added minimal workload to the provider, and the intervention is easily replicable in other settings.
Improving Utilization of an After-Hours Phone Triage Service: A Resident Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Abraham Claire , Avis Emily , Caddle Steve , Lane Mariellen , Friedman Suzanne 
Published: February 2022

Background/Objective:
Phone triage systems are increasingly used by primary care clinics to improve patient satisfaction and direct low-acuity patients to appropriate care settings. Despite the prevalence of telephone triage, the majority of pediatric training programs do not include this practice in their curricula. Our aim was to increase the volume of after-hours patient phone calls per week by 25% and to secondarily reduce “treat and release” emergency department (ED) visits by 5% over the course of a 9-month quality improvement (QI) study.

Methods:
A resident-led QI project was conducted from 2017 to 2019 at a mixed faculty-resident pediatric primary care practice providing care for an urban, primarily immigrant, underserved population. Eight Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were developed on the basis of identified key drivers and included efforts to increase the visibility of the call service to patient families. After-hours calls were tracked and compared with similar practices, and ED visits for the first week of each month were reviewed using the electronic medical record system.

Results:
After promoting the service via various modalities, the number of after-hours calls increased by 30%, from an average of 6.5 calls per week to 8.5. Treat and release ED visits decreased by 6%, from a baseline of 64.3 to 60.3 visits per week.

Conclusions:
The increased patient awareness of and availability of a reliable after-hours call service in pediatric practices are promising tools for reducing unnecessary ED visits, leveraging resident direction and implementation to promote the service through varying modalities.
Physician Satisfaction With Telehealth: A Systematic Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Hoff Timothy , Lee Do-Rim 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives:
The use of telehealth has risen dramatically due to the Covid-19 pandemic and is expected to be a regular part of patient care moving forward. We know little currently about how satisfied physicians are with this type of patient care. The present systematic review examines physician satisfaction with telehealth, as physician acceptance remains vital to telehealth gaining wider and more permanent adoption.

Methods:
A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)–guided systematic review of empirical articles published between 2010 and 2020 that contain a finding examining physician satisfaction with using telehealth, using 4 article databases (PubMed, Web of Science, COCHRANE, and CINAHL), to identify relevant studies. A standardized data abstraction Excel sheet was used to extract relevant information from each of the included studies. Relevant study findings related to physician satisfaction with telehealth were reviewed for each of the 37 studies by the coauthors.

Results:
A total of 37 published studies were included in the review. Thirty-three of the 37 (89%) studies reviewed were classified as having findings showing moderate to high levels of physician satisfaction with telehealth. Just under 60% of the studies focused on physician satisfaction with providing telemedicine to patients (21/37). Twelve other studies focused on physician satisfaction with teleconsultations with other providers. Four studies examined physician satisfaction with both. The type of patient telemedicine or provider teleconsultation performed varied greatly across the 37 studies, with several different diagnoses or care situations included. Research designs used in the studies were less robust, with all studies using primary data for assessing physician satisfaction but only one study providing any type of multivariate analysis of physician satisfaction with telehealth.

Conclusion:
The results of this review support the observation that physicians across different specialties, geographic locations, practice locations, and care situations appear satisfied with engaging in telehealth for both patient care and consultations with other physicians. The research on telehealth should be enhanced, given how ubiquitous telehealth has become due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This enhancement should include larger physician sample sizes in studies of telehealth satisfaction; more research focused on telehealth in the primary care setting; and the types of virtual modalities that have become more commonplace for physicians to use due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Pterygoid Implant-Based “VIV” Design for Rehabilitation of Extreme Maxillary Atrophy
Authors: Ren Jie , Shu Ling 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Rehabilitation of severe maxillary atrophy using implant-supported fixed prostheses is challenging due to limited bone volume. Although the all-on-4 concept offers a potential treatment option, sufficient residual bone in the anterior region remains a prerequisite for these prostheses. Pterygoid implants have been used in conjunction with the all-on-4 technique to eliminate the cantilevered prosthetic design, with good long-term results reported. However, when the bone volume in the anterior region is limited or the bucco-palatal dimension is insufficient, use of the traditional all-on-4 approach is problematic. This article describes the clinical management and good short-term success achieved in the treatment of severe maxillary atrophy with a novel ‘‘VIV’’ design, using a combination of 3 anterior and 2 pterygoid implants.
Solitary Neurofibroma of the Zygoma: Three-Dimensional Virtual Resection and Patient-Specific Polyetheretherketone Implant Reconstruction
Authors: Shi Huan , Yin Xuelai , Hu Yongjie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Intraosseous benign lesions rarely involve the zygoma, and intraosseous venous malformation is most commonly reported condition in the previous literature. A neurofibroma (NF) arising from the zygoma has not been reported before. Here, the authors present a 37-year-old female who developed solitary NF of the right zygoma. Surgical intervention is usually required for the treatment of a solitary NF. However, the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the zygoma increases the difficulty of the reconstruction for the operating surgeon. In this case, a preoperative digital surgical design was used to promote the efficiency of the surgery. A 3D printing surgical guide plate was used intraoperatively, and the defect was reconstructed by a patient-specific polyetheretherketone implant. Postoperative computed tomography imaging confirmed the accuracy of the reconstruction and that there was no recurrence of the tumor. The authors believe that the 3D print guide plate-assisted accurate resection combined with polyetheretherketone implant reconstruction is an ideal methodology for benign lesions of the zygoma.
Acoustic Epidemiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) & Covid19 leveraging AI/ML
Authors: Pathri Rahul , Jha Shekhar , Tandon Samarth , GangaShetty Suryakanth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvoluntary cough is a prominent symptom for many a Lung Ailments ranging from Infectious to non-Infectious diseases. Early research around human cough established that the spectral signatures do not vary between Involuntary and Voluntary coughs. The study aimed at evaluating voluntary human cough sounds recorded under a stringent clinical protocol. India’s ambitious goal to eliminate and eradicate TB by 2025 shall be facilitated by Machine Learning tools that address subjectivity in that the healthcare worker can now take the solution as a screening modality to the last mile as a part of outreach programs without having to rely on infrastructure & connectivity. In this paper we present the findings of Clinical Trials for Pulmonary TB registered at CTRI/2019/02/017672 conducted independently and included Covid19 during the pandemic as a part of Bi-Directional screening modality. The reference standards used were CBNAAT (Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) & CXR (Chest X-Ray) for TB while for Covid19; RT-PCR was used as the reference standard. As a non-invasive and contactless screening modality, a sophisticated third party Microphone Array was used to record the cough under a stringent infection control protocol. Sensitivity achieved across the sites for TB ranged between 80% - 83% and Specificity was to the tune of 92% while using CBNAAT as a reference standard. CXR when used as a reference standard for TB achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 60% respectively. Covid19 achieved a sensitivity & specificity of 92% and 96% while using RT-PCR as the reference standard. The study was primarily focused on the Frequency domain that paved way for feature extraction and explainable Machine Learning Models operating upon lossless WAV files hypothesizing acoustic theory and demographic inputs. The solution titled “TimBre” can now be added to the healthcare workers arsenal in situations where a RT-PCR or CXR is not available and seamlessly conduct bi-directional screening with a single recording of cough and also offer insights into Non-Communicable diseases as a part of differential diagnosis.
Comparable Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants
Authors: Yu Jingyou , Collier Ai-ris Y. , Rowe Marjorie , Mardas Fatima , Ventura John D. , Wan Huahua , Miller Jessica , Powers Olivia , Chung Benjamin , Siamatu Mazuba , Hachmann Nicole P. , Surve Nehalee , Nampanya Felix , Chandrashekar Abishek , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has three major lineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.31. BA.1 rapidly became dominant and has demonstrated substantial escape from neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced by vaccination2-4. BA.2 has recently increased in frequency in multiple regions of the world, suggesting that BA.2 has a selective advantage over BA.1. BA.1 and BA.2 share multiple common mutations, but both also have unique mutations1 (Fig. 1A). The ability of BA.2 to evade NAbs induced by vaccination or infection has not yet been reported. We evaluated WA1/2020, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 NAbs in 24 individuals who were vaccinated and boosted with the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine5 and in 8 individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Table S1).
The use of social media platforms by migrant and ethnic minority populations during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Goldsmith Lucy P , Rowland-Pomp May , Hanson Kristin , Deal Anna , Crawshaw Alison F , Hayward Sally E. , Knights Felicity , Carter Jessica , Ahmad Ayesha , Razai Mohammad , Vandrevala Tushna , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent and nature of social media use in migrant and ethnic minority communities for COVID-19 information, and implications for preventative health measures including vaccination intent and uptake.DesignA systematic review of published and grey literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesEligibility Criteria for study selectionGlobal research reporting the use of social media by migrants and/or ethnic minority groups in relation to COVID-19.Data extractionWe extracted data on key outcomes, study design, country, population under study, and sample size.Results1849 unique records were screened, and 21 data sources included in our analysis involving migrant and ethnic minority populations in the UK, US, China, Jordan, Qatar, and Turkey. We found evidence of consistent use of a range of social media platforms for COVID-19 information in some migrant and ethnic minority populations (including WeChat, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube), which may stem from difficulty in accessing COVID-19 information in their native languages or from trusted sources. There were positive and negative associations with social media use reported, with some evidence suggesting circulating misinformation and social media use may be associated with lower participation in preventative health measures, including vaccine intent and uptake, findings of which are likely relevant to multiple population groups.ConclusionsSocial media platforms are an important source of information about COVID-19 for some migrant and ethnic minority populations. Urgent actions and further research are now needed to better understand the use of social media platforms for accessing health information by different population groups – particularly groups who are marginalised from health systems – effective approaches to tackling circulating misinformation, and to seize on opportunities to make better use of social media platforms to support public health communication and improve vaccine uptake.RegistrationThis study has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021259190).
A novel independent job rescheduling strategy for cloud resilience in the cloud environment
Authors: Xie Fei , Yan Jun , Shen Jun 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Although proactive fault handling plans are widely spread, many unexpected data center outages still occurred. To rescue the jobs from faulty data centers, the authors propose a novel independent job rescheduling strategy for cloud resilience to reschedule the task from the faulty data center to other working-proper cloud data centers, by jointly considering job nature, timeline scenario and overall cloud performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A job parsing system and a priority assignment system are developed to identify the eligible time slots for the jobs and prioritize the jobs, respectively. A dynamic job rescheduling algorithm is proposed.

Findings
The simulation results show that our proposed approach has better cloud resiliency and load balancing performance than the HEFT series approaches.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the cloud resilience by developing a novel job prioritizing, task rescheduling and timeline allocation method when facing faults.