bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control ofPhytophthora lateralisRoot Rot of Lawson Cypress with Enterobacter aerogenes
Authors: Utkhede Raj , Stephen Bill , Wong Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe biological agent strain B8 ofEnterobacter aerogenes, applied in June Of 1992,1993,1994, and 1995 as a soil drench at 6.7 × 109colony forming units per tree, was evaluated for control ofPhytophthora lateralisroot rot of Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) trees. The test was conducted under field conditions in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, on naturally infected Lawson cypress trees. Based on four years of observations, strain B8 ofE. aerogenescontrolled the disease and increased the growth of trees. This study showed the potential of strain B8 ofE. aerogenesfor biological control of root rot of Lawson cypress trees.
Effects and Control of Periodical CicadaMagicicada septendecimandMagicicada cassiniOviposition Injury on Urban Forest Trees
Authors: Miller Fredric D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe long-term effect of oviposition by the female periodical cicadas,Magicicada septendecimandM. cassini(Homoptera: Cicadidae) was examined on shade trees at two urban forest sites in northeastern Illinois following the 1991-1993 growing seasons. Minimum branch diameter appears to be a critical factor in ovipositional activity. Plants with stout branching habits do not appear to be suitable for oviposition. Percent canopy flagging, as a function of the number of wounds per branch, may not be an accurate measurement of ovipositional damage. Young trees with stem diameters or main scaffold branches with diameters between 5 and 10 mm may experience significant damage to the main trunk resulting in breakage and significant growth loss. Larger plant material does not appear to be significantly affected by ovipositional damage, which results only in a minor natural pruning event. Chemical control for the prevention of ovipositional wound damage by the female periodical cicada does not appear to be a practical and effective pest management option. Even severe and heavy ovipositional damage does not appear to predispose urban forest trees to attack by secondary insects or pathogens.
Description of the China global Merged Surface Temperature version 2.0
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Yang Yang , Chao Liya , Dong Wenjie , Huang Boyin , Jones Phil , Li Qingxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Global surface temperature observational datasets are the
basis of global warming studies. In the context of increasing global warming
and frequent extreme events, it is essential to improve the coverage and
reduce the uncertainty in global surface temperature datasets. The China
global Merged Surface Temperature Interim version (CMST-Interim) is updated
to CMST 2.0 in this study. The previous CMST datasets were created by
merging the China global Land Surface Air Temperature (C-LSAT) with sea
surface temperature (SST) data from the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface
Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The CMST 2.0 contains three variants:
CMST 2.0 − Nrec (without reconstruction), CMST 2.0 − Imax, and CMST 2.0 − Imin
(according to their reconstruction area of the air temperature over the sea
ice surface in the Arctic region). The reconstructed datasets significantly
improve data coverage, whereas CMST 2.0 − Imax and CMST 2.0 − Imin have improved
coverage in the Northern Hemisphere, up to more than 95 %, and thus
increased the long-term trends at global, hemispheric, and regional scales
from 1850 to 2020. Compared to CMST-Interim, CMST 2.0 − Imax and CMST 2.0 − Imin
show a high spatial coverage extended to the high latitudes and are more
consistent with a reference of multi-dataset averages in the polar regions.
The CMST 2.0 datasets presented here are publicly available at the website of
figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16929427.v4
(Sun and Li, 2021a), and the CLSAT2.0 datasets can be
downloaded at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16968334.v4
(Sun and Li, 2021b). Both are also available at
http://www.gwpu.net (last access: January 2022).
Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach
Authors: Spence Christopher , He Zhihua , Shook Kevin R. , Mekonnen Balew A. , Pomeroy John W. , Whitfield Colin J. , Wolfe Jared D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Significant challenges from changes in climate and land use face sustainable water use in the Canadian Prairies ecozone. The region has experienced significant warming since the mid-20th century, and continued warming of an additional 2 ∘C by 2050 is expected. This paper aims to enhance understanding of climate controls on Prairie basin hydrology through numerical model experiments. It approaches this by developing a basin-classification-based virtual modelling framework for a portion of the Prairie region and applying the modelling framework to investigate the hydrological sensitivity of one Prairie basin class (High Elevation Grasslands) to changes in climate. High Elevation Grasslands dominate much of central and southern Alberta and parts of south-western Saskatchewan, with outliers in eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. The experiments revealed that High Elevation Grassland snowpacks are highly sensitive to changes in climate but that this varies geographically. Spring maximum snow water equivalent in grasslands decreases 8 % ∘C−1 of warming. Climate scenario simulations indicated that a 2 ∘C increase in temperature requires at least an increase of 20 % in mean annual precipitation for there to be enough additional snowfall to compensate for enhanced melt losses. The sensitivity in runoff is less linear and varies substantially across the study domain: simulations using 6 ∘C of warming, and a 30 % increase in mean annual precipitation yields simulated decreases in annual runoff of 40 % in climates of the western Prairie but 55 % increases in climates of eastern portions. These results can be used to identify those areas of the region that are most sensitive to climate change and highlight focus areas for monitoring and adaptation. The results also demonstrate how a basin classification-based virtual modelling framework can be applied to evaluate regional-scale impacts of climate change with relatively high spatial resolution in a robust, effective and efficient manner.
Rectification and validation of a daily satellite-derived Antarctic sea ice velocity product
Authors: Tian Tian R. , Fraser Alexander D. , Kimura Noriaki , Zhao Chen , Heil Petra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Antarctic sea ice kinematics plays a crucial role in shaping the
Southern Ocean climate and ecosystems. Satellite passive-microwave-derived
sea ice motion data have been used widely for studying sea ice motion and
deformation, and they provide daily global coverage at a relatively low spatial resolution (in the order of 60 km × 60 km). In the Arctic,
several validated datasets of satellite observations are available and used
to study sea ice kinematics, but far fewer validation studies exist for the
Antarctic. Here, we compare the widely used passive-microwave-derived
Antarctic sea ice motion product by Kimura et al. (2013) with buoy-derived
velocities and interpret the effects of satellite observational
configuration on the representation of Antarctic sea ice kinematics. We
identify two issues in the Kimura et al. (2013) product: (i) errors in two
large triangular areas within the eastern Weddell Sea and western Amundsen
Sea relating to an error in the input satellite data composite and (ii) a
more subtle error relating to invalid assumptions for the average sensing
time of each pixel. Upon rectification of these, performance of the daily
composite sea ice motion product is found to be a function of latitude,
relating to the number of satellite swaths incorporated (more swaths further
south as tracks converge) and the heterogeneity of the underlying satellite
signal (brightness temperature here). Daily sea ice motion vectors
calculated using ascending- and descending-only satellite tracks (with a
true ∼ 24 h timescale) are compared with the widely used
combined product (ascending and descending tracks combined together, with an
inherent ∼ 39 h timescale). This comparison reveals that
kinematic parameters derived from the shorter-timescale velocity datasets
are higher in magnitude than the combined dataset, indicating a high degree
of sensitivity to observation timescale. We conclude that the new
generation of “swath-to-swath” (S2S) sea ice velocity datasets,
encompassing a range of observational timescales, is necessary to advance
future research into sea ice kinematics.
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments
Authors: Stoll Patrick Johannes 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones developing in marine polar air masses. This study presents a new global climatology of polar lows based on the ERA5 reanalysis for the years 1979–2020. Criteria for the detection of polar lows are derived based on a comparison of five polar-low archives with cyclones derived by a mesoscale tracking algorithm. The characteristics associated with polar lows are considered by the following criteria: (i) intense cyclone (large relative vorticity), (ii) mesoscale (small vortex diameter), and (iii) development in the marine polar air masses (a combination of low potential static stability and low potential temperature at the tropopause). Polar lows develop in all marine areas adjacent to sea ice or cold landmasses, mainly in the winter half year. The length and intensity of the season are regionally dependent. The highest density appears in the Nordic Seas. For all ocean sub-basins, forward-shear polar lows are the most common, whereas weak-shear polar lows and those propagating towards warmer environments are second and third most frequent, depending on the area. Reverse-shear polar lows and those propagating towards colder environments are rather seldom, especially in the Southern Ocean. Generally, polar lows share many characteristics across ocean basins and wind-shear categories. The most remarkable difference is that forward-shear polar lows often occur in a stronger vertical wind shear, whereas reverse-shear polar lows feature lower static stability. Hence, the contribution to a fast baroclinic growth rate is slightly different for the shear categories.
Use of laboratory equipment for analysis of external quality of food maize kernel
Authors: Angelovič Marek , Angelovič Michal , Jobbágy Ján , Krištof Koloman 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the parameters of the grain air-sieve cleaner in laboratory conditions on the external quality of food maize (Zea mays L.) kernel in terms of the design for the selection of a suitable sieve mesh for cleaning procedures. The object of the research was maize kernel, variety Pionier P0216, year of cultivation 2019. The available laboratory equipment was used in the study. To evaluate the external quality of food maize kernel, indicators were determined, which were investigated before and after cleaning. An Asus notebook computer with software from Microsoft Windows XP and Ofice 2010 was used to evaluate the measurement results. These results were achieved: an average bulk density of 846.77 kg.m-3 was found in the input sample of food maize kernel after harvest, admixtures before cleaning reached an average of 19.1% and impurities of 2.76%, cleanliness of kernels before cleaning averaged 76.9%, the output after cleaning expressed in terms of bulk density reached an average value of 851.15 kg.m-3, admixtures after cleaning reached 0.07% and impurities 4.21%, clean kernels after cleaning reached 94.86% and damage kernels after cleaning decreased slightly by separation of fragments and chipped kernels. In conclusion, it was stated that the laboratory technique for post-harvest treatment of grain is at a high level worldwide. Currently, the issue of post-harvest processing of grain in Slovakia is addressed at an average level. Post-harvest processing and storage of grain in terms of enginery and technological and economic aspects is little researched in the Slovak Republic, so these issues are open to further research.
Enunciados jurídicos y proposiciones normativas
Authors: Navarro Pablo E 
Published: April 2022

Uno de los rasgos más importantes asociados a la existencia del derecho es que las acciones humanas son –en algún sentido– obligatorias 1 . Por ello, el conocimiento del derecho es inseparable de la capacidad de discriminar entre enunciados verdaderos y falsos acerca de aquellas conductas jurídicamente obligatorias, prohibidas o permitidas. En adelante, estos enunciados serán denominados enunciados jurídicos 2 . por ejemplo, “Los mayores de edad deben inscribirse en el censo electoral”, “El presidente del gobierno no podrá abandonar el territorio del estado sin la autorización expresa del parlamento”, “las mujeres menores de edad no pueden abortar sin consentimiento de sus padres o tutores”, o “los jueces tienen la obligación de fundamentar sus decisiones en normas válidas”.
Juspositivismo crítico y democracia constitucional
Authors: Ferrajoli Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Según una opinión muy difundida, el constitucionalismo de nuestros días marcaría una revancha del jusnaturalismo sobre el positivismo jurídico. Existe, ciertamente, un argumento en sostén de esta tesis: allí donde el positivismo jurídico, en ausencia de constituciones rígidas, confiaba únicamente a la forma de la producción de las leyes –independientemente de sus contenidos– el criterio de reconocimiento tanto de su existencia como de su validez, el constitucionalismo jurídico condiciona la validez de las leyes también a la sustancia de las decisiones, o sea, a la coherencia de sus contenidos con los principios de justicia establecidos por las constituciones.
Sobre Violencias contra las mujeres: relaciones en contexto
Authors: Rey Aramendía Matilde 
Published: April 2022

Esta reseña analiza las principales ideas vertidas en el libro Violencias contra las mujeres: relaciones en contexto. Asumiendo que el derecho es un instrumento que responde a la lógica patriarcal, la obra señala la necesidad de aplicar una metodología de género para estudiar la violencia contra las mujeres, teniendo en cuenta el contexto y empleando un enfoque relacional. La reseña se articula, al igual que el libro, alrededor de cuatro ejes temáticos: 1) principios y conceptos, 2) derecho penal y violencia contra las mujeres, 3) violencia sexual, 4) violencia contra las mujeres y protección de derechos humanos.
O espaço físico institucional da creche e a educação das relações étnico–raciais
Authors: Santos Aretusa , Moreira Ana Rosa Costa Picanço , Duque Letícia de Souza 
Published: April 2022

O trabalho discute uma experiência de formação em serviço de educadores de uma creche municipal de Juiz de Fora/MG, focalizando as implicações do espaço físico enquanto elemento importante e indispensável da proposta curricular de cuidado e educação da infância de 0 a 3 anos. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos estão ancorados na abordagem sócio-histórico-cultural de Vigotski, para a qual o ser humano constitui-se nas e pelas relações sociais e culturais marcadas por suas historicidades, em diálogo com autores que problematizam as três áreas envolvidas nessa experiência: espaço, infância e relações étnico-raciais no Brasil. Entendemos que as desigualdades raciais são produzidas por meio de classificações sócio-espaciais racializadas, que não podem ser compreendidas de modo superficial. As ações formativas ocorreram por meio de “encontros reflexivos”, que são contextos de discussão das práticas pedagógicas. Esses encontros foram realizados com todos os educadores da creche, durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2016, com o propósito de pensar crítica e colaborativamente sobre o planejamento e a organização dos espaços da instituição. Foram discutidas com os educadores fotos e observações produzidas pelas autoras, problematizando escolhas e localizações de brinquedos, painéis, entre outros elementos espaciais. Os resultados apontaram para a emergência de olhares mais críticos para as questões étnico-raciais presentes na organização espacial reverberando em algumas transformações dos ambientes que levaram em conta aspectos étnicos e culturais dos adultos e crianças que conviviam nessa creche. Acreditamos que essa experiência abre portas para possibilidades efetivas de promoção da igualdade racial na instituição, bem como para a discussão do espaço físico/ambiente como instrumento para a construção de práticas educativas na creche mais inclusivas e equânimes, comprometidas com a educação das relações étnico-raciais.
What do T cells see in SARS-CoV2?
Authors: Gustiananda Marsia 
Published: April 2022

The current epidemic caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 as well as two previously documented pandemic caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV imposes that a spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans is a continuous threat. The zoonotic nature of the infection contributes to the unpredictability of the pandemic. In such situations, the availability of the ‘off the shelf’ vaccines that target the conserved region of the coronavirus might help in preventing the spread of the diseases. Therefore, efforts to generate such vaccines should be considered as a priority. The whole genome of SARS-CoV2 is readily available in the public database one month after the first case was identified. The platform technology known as the “genome to vaccine” approach would provide useful start to identify parts of the virus proteome which can be the candidate for vaccine components. This study used an immunoinformatic approach to identify T cell epitopes from SARS-CoV2 ORF1ab polyprotein in an attempt to design a genome-derived epitope-based universal coronavirus vaccine.
Comparison of measured and estimated crop evapotranspiration over Egypt
Authors: OMAR MH , MEHANNA AM 
Published: April 2022

Mehanna (1976) estimated potential evapotranspiration (PE) for a number of meteorological stations in Egypt, using Penman's method with adjustment of the constants of the radiation term and the aerodynamic term, such that they would agree with measurements of radiation in Egypt and with estimates by Omar ( 1971) of PE in a large field at Giza. Omar and Mehanna (1984) compared seasonal measurements of PE at Bahtim (near Cairo) using potential evapotranspirometers with Mehanna's estimates of PE at Bahtim and with estimates by the methods given in the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No.24 on "Crop Water Requirements” by Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977). The main features of the comparisons were that Mehanna, and three of thc FAO estimates (Blanev-Cridd1e, radiation, and pan evaporation) are within +- 10% of the measurements while the Penman estimate was 15% higher.
Mehanna's estimates of FE were used to calculite ET- crop (as -defined in 1he FAO paper) for 4 main crops in Egypt [cotton, maize, wheat and berseem (cover] at 9 meteorological stations, using crop coefficients given in the FAO paper. The estimated ET crop values- at meteorological stations enabled to calculate ET crop at a number of agricultural research stations. Estimates of ET crop were compared with measurements of crop evapotranspiration in conditions--similar-to those of ET crop, and also with measurements in all conditions including those of ET crop. The average ratio, for the four crops, of measured to estimated evapotranspiration was 0.95 and 0.80 respectively. Average ratios were also given corresponding to cases when the FAO Blaney.Criddle,' radiation and Penman methods were used to estimate PE. It is concluded that the comparisons may probably confirm the reliability of applying Mehanna's estimates of PE to the crop coefficients given in the FAO paper to estimate ET crop over Egypt.
Throughfall, stemflow and interception losses of rainfall from coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.)
Authors: RAO ASAMBASIVA , VAMADEVAN VK 
Published: April 2022

The throughfall, stemfiow and interception losses of rainfall from coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) were quantified based on 108 days of storm records in a high rainfall region at Pelicode. The coconut has a storage capacity of 0.4 mm and the observed interception losses from it were up to 10 mm per storm. The relationship, throughfall (mm) = -0.441+ 0.875 X Rainfall (mm) (r= 0.943, at 0.01 level) has accounted for 89 per cent in the through fall from storm rainfall. The stem flow was very low and its relationship with storm rainfall was; stemflow X 10-3mm =-22.154+23.629 X Log Rainfall (mm) (r= 0.683, at 0.05 level). The influence of wind direction on the lateral distribution of throughfall below coconut canopy was also quantified.
Hubungan Masa Kerja dan Motivasi Bidan terhadap Kelengkapan Pengisian Partograf di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Poso Pesisir Tahun 2021
Authors: Tasnim Mahmud Tasnim , Muslimin Dian 
Published: April 2022

Angka kematian ibu merupakan salah satu indikator untuk melihat derajat kesehatan perempuan, Kematian ibu sebagaian besar (50%) disebabkan oleh kematian terjadi pada saat persalinan, partograf merupakan panduan observasi persalinan yang akan memudahkan penolong persalinan dalam mengindentifikasi secara dini kasus kegawatdaruratan dan penyulit pada ibu dan janin. tujuan Mengetahui hubungan masa kerja dan motivasi bidan terhadap kelengkapan pengisian partograf, Metode desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 45 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner hasil berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan uji chi square diperoleh hasil ada hubungan (masa kerja) bidan terhadap kelengkapan pengisian partograf di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poso Pesisir dengan nilai p. 0,00, ada hubungan (motivasi) bidan terhadakapan kelengkapan pengisian partograf di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poso Pesisir dengan nilai p. 0,02 Kesimpulan Terdapat hubungan masa kerja dan motivasi bidan terhadap kelengkapan pengisian partograf di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poso Pesisir tahun 2021.
Prevalence of Preeclampsia in Adolescent
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Mohammed Shaher Bano , Sohail Maria , Ashraf Hafiza Sana , Safdar Zainab , Asghar Marya 
Published: April 2022

Adolescent pregnancy is one of the most highlighted social and public health issues present at a global level with varying prevalence rate. It represents a massive risk group in reproductive terms due to the excessive burden of growth along with reproduction. Pregnancy at such a young age may lead to premature delivery, pre-eclampsia, and massive fetal deaths. These adverse outcomes are influenced by in adequate prenatal care, poor socioeconomic status, and weight gain during pregnancy. The prevalence rate of preeclampsia is twice as higher in teenagers than any other age group of women. Objective: To know the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in adolescent pregnancy and to find out the relationship of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index, and education of pregnant young girls. Methods: An observational (cross-sectional) study was conducted on 383 females selected through a nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital within the duration of 5 months after approval of the synopsis. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Chi-square and person correlation tests were used to find out the association of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index and education. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20±1 years. Total 383 females were chosen for the study. Results showed that n=114 (29.8%) were suffering from preeclampsia while n 269 (70.23%) were not. There was a significant relationship of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: The prevalence is quite prominent in pregnant females showing that are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the study also shows that the majority of women suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension were illiterate. Therefore, health literacy is important for females to interpret and apply healthcare information for making accurate health decisions in such a critical aspect of life.