bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work Content of General Practitioners in Beijing, China: A Multi-method Study
Authors: Wei Yun , Wang Feiyue , Pan Zhaolu , Jin Guanghui , Wang Dawei , Lu Xiaoqin , Cao Qiumei 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDespite the dramatic growth of primary care in China, little evidence showed what general practitioner (GP) do and how GP provided medical service in Beijing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the work content of GPs in primary care in Beijing.MethodsA multi-method study was conducted in five community health service institutions using non-participant observation and critical incident technique interview. Eleven GPs was recruited by purpose sampling, with each GP recording details of 100 patient encounters. Health problems of patients and activities of GPs were observed in consultations. Then, critical incident technique interviews were conducted focusing on GPs' works out of clinics and challenge.ResultsA total of 1, 100 patients encounters and 1,897 reasons for encounter (RFEs) were recorded from 11 GPs. There were 1897 RFEs (1.72 per encounter) and 2,762 health problems (2.51 per encounter) from 1,100 encounters during our observation. GPs' work related to consultation was focus on disease diagnoses and treatment. Physical examination and investigations were performed in only 15.5 and 17.1% consultations, respectively. Procedures for chronic disease management were infrequently provided to patients (0.4–26.6%). Time spent in each work process in consultations ranged from 0.68 ± 0.27 min for reservation to 4.00 ± 2.45 min for surgical treatment. In addition to clinical work, there were tasks about health files, contracted family doctor services, health education, teaching students, and scientific research.ConclusionThis study illustrated the complexity of GPs' work and heavy workload in Beijing, China. More attention and effort are needed to develop GPs performance and release GPs' work workload in primary care.
Outcomes of Opioid-Free Pathways Post-Ureteroscopy: Joint Analysis From Two Academic Centers
Authors: Awad Mohannad A. , Assmus Mark A. , Berg Adrian N. , Lee Matthew S. , Hallgarth Luke A. , Krambeck Amy E. , Sternberg Kevan M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo combat alarming postoperative opioid prescribing in the United States (U.S.), many surgical specialties implement pathways to limit routine use of opioids with the goal of zero opioid prescribing. We sought to examine outcomes after implementing non-opioid post ureteroscopy (URS) pathways at two academic centers in the U.S.Materials and MethodsWe examined patients who underwent URS utilizing a non-opioid postoperative pathway from November 1, 2016 – March 31, 2020. Primary outcomes included adverse events (Emergency Department (ED) presentation, and office phone calls for postoperative genitourinary symptoms).ResultsIn total, 699 patients underwent URS with stent placement. Of these, 652 (89.4%) were discharged without opioids and 74 (10.6%) received opioids. Of those discharged without opioids, 484 (77.4%) received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Compared to patients discharged without opioids, patients prescribed opioids were more likely to present to the ED (67 (10.7%) vs 14 (19.9%), p=0.037) and call the clinic (102 (16.3%) vs 22 (29.7%), p=0.004). In a multivariate analysis, patients prescribed opioids post URS (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 – 3.5, p=0.024) and patients who had an opioid prescription preop (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 – 4.5, p=0.032) were associated with higher odds of calling the clinic. Older patients (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 – 0.99, p=0.006) were less likely to call.ConclusionsThe study highlights almost 90% of patients can be discharged safely without opioids following URS. In our cohort, patients prescribed opioids experienced higher postoperative healthcare interactions. We hope our results encourage consideration of non-opioid pathways.
The Current State of Vascular Surgery Presence in Bilibili Video Platform of China
Authors: Wu Haoliang , Wang Zhiwei , Li Mingxing , Sun Peng , Zhang Liwei , Zhang Cong , Wei Shunbo , Xie Boao , Lou Chunyang , Qiao Zhentao , Liu Yuanfeng , Bai Tao , Bai Hualong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWith the development of the Internet, more and more patients search for disease-related information on video platforms during the treatment process, and physicians also look for learning materials through these video platforms. Bilibili is one of the most popular video platforms in China. This study evaluated information on various interesting topics, and related surgical procedures searched through Bilibili.MethodThe Bilibili platform was independently queried for 12 common vascular diseases or related surgical procedures between October and November 2021 by two independent authors using the Baidu search engine. Information about the video and uploader was collected, and descriptive analyses of the overall and first-page results were performed.ResultsA total of 3,998 search results were retrieved by searching 12 vascular-related topics, of which 2,225 actual videos (55.7%) were finally confirmed to be related to medicine. Videos for the public accounted for 84.8% of these 2,225 videos. In addition, 50.5% of the video results were uploaded by vascular surgeons, 12.4% by other specialties, 17.7% by organizations, and 19.4% by other individuals. The total number of videos searched for varicose vein and peripheral vascular diseases was the largest, and the total number of leg amputation videos was the smallest. The largest number of videos for medical professionals was about pulmonary embolism, and the smallest was about leg amputation. On the first pages, 168 results (70.0%) were actually medically relevant, and only 7.7% of the videos were uploaded by vascular surgeons.ConclusionOn the Bilibili platform, videos about vascular diseases are extensive but not comprehensive. The videos uploaded by vascular surgeons are rare, and the results searched are not precise. The online presence of vascular surgeons needs to be improved, which may partially solve the problem of low-quality videos due to the lack of strict management and censorship.
Genetic Alteration Analysis of IDH1, IDH2, CDKN2A, MYB and MYBL1 in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Barinfeld Orit , Zahavi Alon , Weiss Shirel , Toledano Helen , Michowiz Shalom , Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate pediatric low-grade gliomas for alterations in IDH1, IDH2, CDKN2A, MYB, and MYBL1.Materials and MethodsDNA and RNA were extracted from 62 pediatric gliomas. Molecular methods included PCR, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing; Sanger sequencing was used for validation.ResultsAnalysis for hotspot genetic alterations in IDH1 R132 and IDH2 R172 (45 and 33 samples) was negative in all cases. CDKN2A deletions were detected in exons 1 and 2 in 1 (pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) sample of 9 samples analyzed. Of 10 samples analyzed for MYB translocation, 4 each were positive for translocations with exon 2 and exon 3 of PCDHGA1. Six samples showed MYBL rearrangement. The lack of IDH1/2 genetic alterations is in accordance with the literature in pediatric tumors. Alterations in MYB, MYBL were recently reported to characterize diffuse grade II, but not grade I, gliomas.ConclusionWe optimized methods for analyzing gene variations and correlated the findings to pathological grade. The high incidence of MYB and MYBL need further evaluation. We also compared DNA, RNA, and RNA sequencing results for fusion, translocation, and genetic alterations. More accurate identification of the underlying biology of pediatric gliomas has implications for the development of targeted treatment.
Treatment of Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation with a Transforaminal Endoscopic Technique
Authors: Wang Zuowei , Jian Fengzeng , Wu Hao , Wang Xingwen , Wang Kai , Duan Wanru , Liu Zhenlei , Chen Zan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) in the treatment of upper lumbar disc herniation (LDH).MethodsTwenty-two patients, 14 males and 8 females with ages ranging from 23 to 76 years, who had upper LDH and were treated with PETD from April 2015 to April 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery of Xuanwu Hospital, were selected to evaluate the surgical efficacy by the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).ResultsAll patients underwent successful completion of PETD surgery. The operation time was 80.4 ± 18.0 min; intraoperative fluoroscopy was used 17.1 ± 8.7 times; and the hospital stay was 3.2 ± 0.6 days. The VAS scores were 7.9 ± 1.2, 2.3 ± 1.5, 2.2 ± 1.3, and 2.1 ± 1.0 before the operation, 1 day and 3 months after the operation, and during the last follow-up, respectively. The postoperative VAS score was significantly lower than that before the operation (P &lt; 0.01). The ODI scores before and 3 months after the operation were 59.8 ± 16.8 and 15.3 ± 8.2, respectively; thus, the postoperative score was decreased (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionUpper lumbar discs have unique anatomical structures, and PETD is a safe and effective surgical method for the treatment of upper LDH.
Procalcitonin, Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein Levels Predict Renal Adverse Outcomes and Mortality in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Chen Xuelian , Zhou Jiaojiao , Fang Miao , Yang Jia , Wang Xin , Wang Siwen , Yang Lichuan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAcute type A aortic coarctation (AAAD) is a highly deadly and serious life-threatening disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the predictive value of peak procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels on adverse renal outcomes and mortality in patients undergoing surgery for AAAD.MethodsPerioperative peak PCT, CRP, and IL-6 levels were retrospectively collected in 331 patients hospitalized with AAAD from 2009 to 2021. The primary endpoints were AKI stage 2–3 and mortality. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive values of peak PCT, CRP, and IL-6 for different clinical outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to find risk factors for AKI and 30-day mortality.ResultsThe incidence of AKI stage 2–3 following AAAD was 50.8% (168/331). The 30-day and overall mortality were significantly greater in the AKI 2–3 group than in the AKI 0–1 group (P = 0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that peak PCT, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.712, was a more accurate predictor of adverse renal outcomes than peak IL-6 and CRP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PCT &gt; 0.39 ng/mL was an independent risk factor for AKI stage 2–3. Peak IL-6 &gt; 259 pg/mL was found to be an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality.ConclusionIn patients with surgery for AAAD, peak PCT provides a well-predictive indicator of AKI stage 2–3 and peak IL-6 indicates a favorable predictor of 30-day mortality.
Occupational Factors Affecting Women Workers’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Oil, Gas, and Mining Industry: A Scoping Review
Authors: Razafimahefa Rina Hariniaina , Pardosi Jerico Franciscus , Sav Adem 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Globally, female workers workforce in Oil, Gas, and Mining (OGM) industry have increased significantly. The complexities of the OGM operations and the extensive exposure to workplace hazards potentially affect the health status of workers, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of female workers. Yet, the current state of knowledge on SRH issues in OGM contexts seems to be limited and fragmented. This scoping review aims to identify the occupational factors that influence women’s SRH outcomes in OGM industry.Methods: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines (PRISMA) and was conducted in five databases, including the citation chaining via Google Scholar and manual search through relevant organisations and Government websites. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.Results: Despite the scarcity of evidence, chemical and physical are found to be the predominant factors greatly influencing women workers’ SRH outcomes in OGM. Most studies showed menstrual and cycle disorders, and risky pregnancy as key SRH issues. However, menstruation disorder was considerably linked with psychological and organisational factors.Conclusion: This review suggests further empirical research on the relationship between OGM occupational hazards and women workers’ SRH. This will contribute to improvements in workplace safety legislations, measures, policies, and management systems taking into account women’s needs.
Accurate Characterization of the Properties of the Rare-Earth-Doped Crystal for Laser Cooling
Authors: Duan Xuelu , Zhong Biao , Lei Yongqing , Wang Chaoyu , Xu Jiajin , Zhang Ziheng , Ding Jingxin , Yin Jianping 
Published: April 2022

We present a method for calibrating a commercial thermal camera adopted to accurately measure the temperature change of the sample in a laser-induced temperature modulation spectrum (LITMoS) test, which is adopted for measuring two crucial parameters of the external quantum efficiency ηext and the background absorption coefficient αb for assessing the laser cooling grade of the rare-earth-doped materials. After calibration, the temperature resolution of the calibrated thermal camera is better than 0.1 K. For the cooling grade Czochralski-grown 5% Yb3+:LuLiF4 crystal, the corresponding values of ηext and αb are LITMoS = measured to be ηext=99.4 (±0.1)% and αb=1.5 (±0.1)×10−4 cm−1, respectively.
Real-time temperature monitoring at the bus stop in São Carlos / Monitorização da temperatura em tempo real na paragem de autocarro em São Carlos
Authors: Calvi Felipe Antunes , Ghiglieno Filippo 
Published: April 2022

This paper aimed to investigate, both by simulations and experiments, the report from the passengers that use the bus stop located in Praça dos Voluntários, next to the Municipal Market in São Carlos, in the countryside of São Paulo state, Brazil. Since the installation, users have claimed an excessive increase in the temperature in the region below the covering. We started characterizing in the laboratory the optical properties for the polymeric material used for the structure, and we simulated refraction and reflection effect at the covering surface. From the experimental point of view, we designed, fabricated and tested a low-cost monitoring station with the purpose of collecting in-situ data to correlate our model with the measurements. Once installed the station, the measurements showed a good agreement with the theoretical optical model developed for the architectural structure. Moreover, we showed that also if the material is probably the main responsible for influencing excessive heat and temperature increase, the shape and geometry amplify the studied optical phenomena. The reflection and the refraction at the covering add up getting worse the thermal situation and compromising the role of the roofing at the bus stops: to protect the passengers from the sunlight and to reduce the heat detected above the architectural structure.
Análise da operação de parques eólicos em regime permanente / Analysis of wind farm operation under permanent regime
Authors: Xavier Yhasminie Karine da Silva , Torres Igor Cavalcante , Negreiros Gustavo Fernandes de , Lobo Fábio Xavier , Tiba Chigueru , Junior Luiz Carlos Pires de Souza , Ferreira Sergio Clodoaldo Santos 
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar e analisar os impactos causados na rede de distribuição decorrentes inserção de geradores eólicos. Foi analisada uma rede de distribuição real, funcionando dentro dos padrões normativos para que os resultados pudessem ser mais realistas. O estudo foi realizado com o programa PowerWorld, considerando o sistema em regime permanente para a demanda de carga e da geração eólica. Foi utilizado o método estático de avaliação da estabilidade de tensão. O sistema simulado foi submetido à inserção de geradores eólicos injetando 30MW de potência ativa, com fator potência (FP) variando de 0.95 (indutivo) a 0.95(capacitivo). Foram analisadas as alterações de tensão nas barras selecionadas para o FP indutivo variando de 1 a 0.95 em situação de contingência (desligamento de parte da carga) e para o FP capacitivo variando de 1 a 0.95 em situação de contingência (desligamento do banco capacitor). Por meio das simulações pode ser concluído que com o percentual de geração de 22% fornecido pela geração eólica e variando o fator de potência entre 0,95 indutivo e 0,95 capacitivo, o parque eólico colabora com uma pequena parcela para a estabilidade de tensão do sistema, quando conectado ao sistema através de linhas de transmissão curtas, e o controle da tensão chega a ser mais relevante no ponto de conexão e nas regiões próximas ao parque eólico.
Potencial de migração de aditivos em filmes comerciais de PVC esticável / Migration potential of additives in commercial stretch PVC films
Authors: Bernardo Paulo Eduardo Masselli , Murata Lúcia Tieco Fukushima 
Published: April 2022

Os filmes plásticos flexíveis e esticáveis de PVC com aditivos incorporados na matriz polimérica são os mais utilizados em residências e estabelecimentos comerciais para proteger diversos tipos de produtos alimentícios. Os aditivos são substâncias adicionadas aos materiais plásticos para alcançar um efeito técnico no produto final. O material plástico quando utilizado em contato direto com alimentos, nas condições previsíveis de uso, não devem ceder aos mesmos, substâncias indesejáveis, tóxicas ou contaminantes, que representem um risco à saúde humana. A metodologia analítica para o controle de embalagens e equipamentos poliméricos encontra­-se descrita em regulamentos e normas técnicas. Os filmes plásticos foram imersos em solventes simulantes de alimentos aquosos não ácidos (simulante A); alimentos aquosos ácidos (simulante B); e alimentos gordurosos (simulante D), em diferentes condições de tempo e temperatura. O uso de filmes plásticos flexiveis de PVC em contato direto com alimentos gordurosos, favoreceu a migração de substâncias químicas acima do limite máximo de migração total estabelecido na legislação vigente. Os dados obtidos neste estudo demonstram a importância do ensaio de migração total na avaliação do potencial de migração de aditivos adicionados ao material polimérico e a necessidade de contínuo monitoramento. Evideciam, também, a necessidade de ações orientativas, informativas e fiscalização no controle da formulação desses produtos, visando garantir a fabricação de embalagens plásticas e o consumo de alimentos mais seguros por parte da população.
Compósitos minerais produzidos com matriz de gesso e reforçados com resíduos de algodão (Gossypium herbaceum L.) / Mineral composites produced with gypsum matrix and reinforced with cotton waste (Gossypium herbaceum L.)
Authors: Lopes Thaynara Andrade , Ferreira Raphael Leite , Garcia Hudson Venâncio Silva , Brito Flávia Maria Silva , Mendes Lourival Marin , Júnior José Benedito Guimarães 
Published: April 2022

A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de compósitos à base de gesso reforçados com partículas de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e resíduos provenientes da cultura do algodão. Foram adotadas as seguintes proporções de substituição do eucalipto pelo resíduo de algodão: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% em relação à massa total de partículas. A densidade nominal foi 1,20 g/cm³ e as dimensões finais dos compósitos foram de 20,0 cm x 20,0 cm x 1,5 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura, respectivamente). Em relação às propriedades dos compósitos, verificou-se que a substituição do eucalipto pelo resíduo de algodão não alterou o teor de umidade e nem a densidade. Por outro lado, houve um aumento das propriedades de absorção de água e inchamento em espessura, em ambos os tempos avaliados, evidenciando redução estabilidade dimensional com o acréscimo do resíduo. Em relação às propriedades mecânicas houve um aumento na resistência a compressão, além disso, uma inserção equivalente a 25,17% de resíduo de algodão, pode gerar uma resistência superior à 2,0 MPa como é exigido pela norma. Em relação ao módulo de ruptura (MOR), não houve efeito significativo da substituição do eucalipto pelo resíduo de algodão, porém o valor médio obtido (1,70 MPa) foi superior ao estipulado pela EN 13279-2 (EN, 2006) para compósitos de matriz de gesso. De forma geral, os compósitos reforçados com resíduo de algodão, demonstraram boa resistência mecânica, uma vez que atenderam as normas utilizadas, porém devem ser utilizados em ambientes secos e internos, devido à baixa estabilidade dimensional.
O uso de tabaco e o desenvolvimento do COVID-19 em adultos de 18 a 59 anos, uma breve revisão de literature / Tobacco use and the development of COVID-19 in adults aged 18 to 59 years, a brief literature review
Authors: Peixer Carolina Malard , Camargo Theo Rezende , Silva Lucianna Lima Leal , Colnago Luisa Athayde , Ferronatto Luiza Letti , Lindenberg Guilherme Mandelli 
Published: April 2022

Introdução: O tabagismo é considerado, pela OMS, uma pandemia. Tendo em vista os prejuízos fisiológicos do ato e suas alterações no funcionamento do organismo, existem pesquisas a respeito do seu potencial risco para o comprometimento de casos da COVID-19. Objetivos: O presente artigo teve como objetivo principal revisar a relação entre o tabagismo e o risco do desenvolvimento e agravo da COVID-19 em adultos de 18 à 59 anos. Como objetivos secundários: explicar as alterações fisiopatológicas provocadas pela prática do tabagismo; explicar a etiologia e as alterações fisiopatológicas causadas pelo COVID-19; relacionar as alterações fisiopatológicas desencadeadas pelo tabagismo com os fatores de risco do Covid-19. Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa nas plataformas Scielo, PubMed, Google Acadêmico com a seleção de artigos de 2000 até 2020 usando os marcadores OR e AND nas pesquisas. Além do uso de livros de fisiologia para a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos com as patologias. Resultados: Em uma análise de 19 artigos pré-revisados com um total de 11.590 pacientes que tiveram a COVID-19 2.133 (18.4%) com a doença severa e 731 (6.3%) com histórico de fumante; um total de 217 pacientes com histórico de fumante (29.8%) experienciou uma progressão grave da doença, em comparação com 17.6% de pacientes não fumantes. A meta-análise mostrou uma significativa associação entre o ato de fumar e uma progressão grave da COVID-19 (1.91,95% intervalo de confiança [CI] 1.42-2.59, p= 0.001). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os fumantes com ou sem doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), apresentam maior risco de morrer e o dobro de risco de serem intubados em comparação aos não fumantes, o avanço da Covid-19 sobre os fumantes foi 14 vezes mais agressivo que em pessoas não tabagistas. Tal fato pode estar correlacionado às inflamações causadas pelo tabaco e cigarros eletrônicos no organismo que prejudicam os mecanismos de defesa do organismo e provocam aumento na sucetibilidade a infecções por corpos estranhos. Outrossim, existe uma associação positiva entre o tabagismo e o desenvolvimento da COVID-19, sendo esse considerado um fator de risco em adultos fumantes.