bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities and the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyzing un-coordinated responses in social assistance and education
Authors: Segatto Catarina Ianni , Santos Fernando Burgos Pimentel dos , Bichir Renata Mirandola , Morandi Eliana Lins 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to discussions about subnational responses to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in federal countries. In the scholarship on federalism and public policy, few studies seek to understand the factors that shape subnational differences in welfare levels. This article seeks to better understand this issue in Brazil by exploring how, in a context with little national-level coordination, subnational governments tackle the inequalities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzes two social policy areas with distinct national-level coordination mechanisms and federal responsibilities: social assistance and education. Two multi-level cases are examined: the states of Amazonas and São Paulo and the cities of Manaus and São Paulo. This analysis relies on quantitative data, mainly social indicators, and qualitative data collected through documents and in-depth interviews. Social assistance and education policy actors in Amazonas and São Paulo faced at times significant obstacles adapting and/or creating policies to tackle inequalities, resulting in a fend-for-yourself federalism and fragmented subnational policies. Differences in subnational responses can be explained by distinct policy legacies and previous capacity, which were key in organizing a useful response to the pandemic. However, to fully explain subnational responses, the role of actors within institutional contexts must also be taken into account. In social assistance, shared responsibilities among different levels of government led to competition and credit claiming dynamics, reinforcing fragmented and uncoordinated responses. In education, decentralization and more stable funding allowed political leadership to activate and mobilize subnational capacities and other actors at the subnational level, producing more sustainable responses.
Impact of sleep timing on attention, sleepiness, and sleep quality among real-life night shift workers with shift work disorder: a cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Cheng Wan-Ju , Hang Liang-Wen , Kubo Tomohide , Vanttola Päivi , Huang Sheng-Che 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the effect of sleep timing intervention on sleep quality, attention, and sleepiness at work among night shift workers with shift work disorder.

Methods
We recruited 60 real-life night shift workers through advertisements to participate this cross-over clinical trial. Shift work disorder was confirmed with interview and sleep log. Participants were designated to follow evening sleep (15:00–23:00) and morning sleep (09:00–17:00) schedules in a randomized order. Chronotype was confirmed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Sleep behaviors and light exposure were recorded using actigraphy. Outcome measures were sleepiness evaluated by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, sleep quality evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and attention performance assessed with psychomotor vigilance test. Differences in outcome between the morning and evening sleep schedules were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
The participants slept for longer durations during evening sleep schedules compared with morning sleep schedules. Lower sleepiness scores, higher sleep quality, and shorter reaction times and less lapse numbers in the psychomotor vigilance test were observed for participants during evening sleep schedules than morning sleep schedules after adjustment for light exposure and sleep duration. Significant interaction effects were observed for reaction time and lapse number between chronotype and sleep schedule, where the differences between sleep schedules were most prominent among those with late chronotypes.

Conclusions
It is recommended that night shift workers with shift work disorder arrange to sleep in the evening instead of the morning for better sleep and attention performance, especially those with late chronotypes.

Trial registration
Sleep Schedule Intervention Study Among Night Shift Workers, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04160572, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NTC04160572.
Trusts of imperfect obligation
Authors: Wilde David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article seeks to briefly examine what is known about the so-called ‘trusts of imperfect obligation’—valid non-charitable purpose trusts for monuments, animals, and (probably) religious ceremonies. In particular, it considers the suggestions sometimes made that the ‘Pettingall order’ provides an enforcement mechanism for them, or that they are really ‘powers’ misclassified as ‘trusts’.
Evaluation of Different Phyllosphere Sample Types for Parallel Metabarcoding of Fungi and Oomycetes in Vitis vinifera
Authors: Behrens Falk H. , Fischer Michael 
Published: February 2022

Metabarcoding is an effective and cost-efficient approach to study environmental microbiomes and has become a standard method in studying microbial community structures and relative species abundance. In grapevine research on leaf microbial communities, two kinds of sample types, either leaf wash sediments representing the phyllosphere microbiome from leaf surfaces or leaf tissue samples, e.g., leaf disks, including phyllosphere and endosphere microorganisms, are used to characterize leaf microbiomes. The goal of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these sample preparation methods for the characterization of the phyllosphere microbiome by fungal metabarcoding with both sample types being processed from the exact same set of leaves. We used a metabarcoding strategy, which can detect Fungi and Oomycetes, facilitating the parallel analysis of these communities. At each sampling time point, species richness was shown to be higher in leaf wash samples, and differences in the community structure between samples was smaller for this sample type as well. Furthermore, by comparing read count abundance to qPCR measured relative proportions of selected amplicon sequence variants, a higher congruence was observed for leaf wash samples. Therefore, metabarcoding analyses of leaf samples using leaf wash sediments outperform analyses using leaf disks and should be applied to characterize phyllosphere fungal communities. As a second goal, we show that the direct comparison of metabarcoding libraries of both sample types prepared from the exact same set of leaves also provides a new strategy to identify endophytes that may not be culturable. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Effect of Male Sexual Abstinence Periods on the Clinical Outcomes of Fresh Embryo Transfer Cycles Following Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jinhong , Shi Qingquan , Li Xiaohong , Guo Junliang , Zhang Long , Quan Yi , Ma Ming , Yang Yihong 
Published: February 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Mens Health 2020;14:1557988320933758)
Sexual abstinence period (SAP) is an important component affecting semen quality analysis in the evaluation of infertile men. The World Health Organization guidelines currently suggest 2 to 7 days of SAP, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology suggests 3 to 4 days of SAP, and recent studies have reported that less than 2 days of SAP can result in higher pregnancy rates after assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Mortality and PICU Hospitalization Among Pediatric Gunshot Wound Victims in Chicago
Authors: Rhine Maya A. , Hegermiller Emma M. , Kane Jason M. , Slidell Mark B. , Mayampurath Anoop , McQueen Alisa A. , Mbadiwe Nina , Pinto Neethi P. 
Published: February 2022

IMPORTANCE:
Firearm injury accounts for significant morbidity with high mortality among children admitted to the PICU. Understanding risk factors for PICU admission is an important step toward developing prevention and intervention strategies to minimize the burden of pediatric gunshot wound (GSW) injury.

OBJECTIVES:
The primary objective of this study was to characterize outcomes and the likelihood of PICU admission among children with GSWs.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
Retrospective cohort study of GSW patients 0–18 years old evaluated at the University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital Pediatric Trauma Center from 2010 to 2017.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Demographic and injury severity measures were acquired from an institutional database. We describe mortality and hospitalization characteristics for the cohort. We used logistic regression models to test the association between PICU admission and patient characteristics.

RESULTS:
During the 8-year study period, 294 children experienced GSWs. We did not observe trends in overall mortality over time, but mortality for children with GSWs was higher than all-cause PICU mortality. Children 0–6 years old experienced longer hospitalizations compared with children 13–16 years old (5 vs 3 d; p = 0.04) and greater frequency of PICU admission (83.3% vs 52.9%; p = 0.001). Adjusting for severity of illness, children less than 7 years old were four-fold more likely to be admitted to the PICU than children 13–16 years old (aOR range, 3.9–4.6).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Despite declines in pediatric firearm mortality across the United States, mortality did not decrease over time in our cohort and was higher than all-cause PICU mortality. Younger children with GSWs experience longer hospitalizations and require PICU care more often than older children. Our findings suggest that the youngest victims of firearm-related injury may be particularly at-risk of the long-term sequelae of critical illness and injury.
Central Auditory Processing and the Relationship to Perceived Hearing Difficulty: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Shepherd Brandon , Spankovich Christopher , Bishop Charles E. , Su Dan , Valle Karen , Schweinfurth John 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
There are limited population-based studies of central auditory processing (CAP). We aimed to determine the relationship between CAP measures and perceived hearing difficulty (PHD) despite normal pure-tone audiometry in an African-American population.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Jackson, MS.

Subjects:
Participants of an African-American cohort (26% men; age 54.2, standard deviations [SD] 9.2) who self-reported hearing difficulty despite normal hearing sensitivity defined as audiometric pure-tone average (PTA-4: average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) less than or equal to 25 dBHL (n = 911) or across all tested frequencies (PT-AF: 250–8000 Hz) less than or equal to 25 dBHL (n = 516).

Methods:
The Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) and Dichotic Digits, Double Pairs (DDT2) tests were used to assess CAP. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between measures of CAP and PHD; adjusted for age, sex, education, and pure tone audiogram.

Results:
PHD was present in 251 (28%) and 137 (27%) of participants using the PTA-4 and PT-AF models, respectively. Fully adjusted regression models revealed that each one-point increase in QuickSIN increased the odds of reporting PHD by 13.7% (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.19) using the PTA-4 model and 15.0% (OR 1.15, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.23) using the PT-AF model. For DDT2 testing, each 1% reduction in score, increased the odds of reporting PHD by 7.7% (OR 0.92, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97) in a fully adjusted PTA-4 model and 6.6% (OR 0.93, p = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) in the PT-AF model.

Conclusion:
CAP deficits were associated with increased odds of PHD in normal hearing participants within the JHS cohort.
Assessing the Quality of Patient Information for Vestibular Schwannoma on the Open Source Video Sharing Platform YouTube
Authors: Oh Lawrence , Phan Kevin , Jufas Nicholas E. , Patel Nirmal P. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Patients frequently use the internet to gain information and make decisions about their health conditions. This work aims to assess the quality of information about Vestibular Schwannoma on a popular video sharing platform, YouTube (Alphabet Inc.).

Objectives:
To assess quality of the most popular vestibular schwannoma videos using recognized scoring systems and whether video quality metrics correlated with video popularity based on metadata analysis.

Setting:
Public domain.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional Study

Methods:
The YouTube website was systematically searched on separate days with a formal search strategy to identify videos relevant to vestibular schwannoma. Each video was viewed and scored by three independent assessors, using scores for quality and disease specific accuracy. Popularity metrics were analyzed and compared to video quality. Patient surveys were conducted to further assess their perspectives of the included videos.

Results:
A total of 23 YouTube videos were included. In terms of Essential and Ideal Video Completeness Criteria, the mean scores ranged from 4.8 to 5.0 (out of 12), indicating moderate video quality. The average DISCERN score ranged from 30.0 to 36.7, indicating lower reliability. The mean JAMA scores ranged from 1.96 to 2.48, indicating average quality. Based on metrics including DISCERN and JAMA instruments, the information in the YouTube videos were of low to average quality and reliability. Rater scoring was reliable. Viewer engagement correlated poorly with video quality except for JAMA metrics.

Conclusion:
Video quality on YouTube with respect to Vestibular Schwannoma is of low to average quality. Viewer engagement and popularity correlated poorly with video quality. Clinicians should direct their patients to high quality videos and should consider uploading their own high-quality videos.
Moxibustion for diarrhea in COVID-19
Authors: Liu Ningning , Xu Yingxue , Zhang Dongbin , Wang Lianzhu , Hou Yi , Ji Jiafu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that is often accompanied by diarrhea, patients with symptoms such as diarrhea are more likely to develop severe pneumonia, while diarrhea is the most prominent among atypical symptoms. The incidence of diarrhea in COVID-19 patients is 2.0% to 49.5%. Moxibustion has been proven to have a therapeutic effect on diarrhea; however, there is no high-quality evidence on moxibustion for diarrhea in COVID-19 patients. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for the treatment of diarrhea in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials from December 2019 to December 2021 will be included without restrictions on language or publication date. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database will be searched. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data and evaluate study quality. Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Statistical analyses will be performed using the Review Manager V.5.3 and stata 14.0.

Results:
The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
This study will provide evidence for whether moxibustion therapy is beneficial to the treatment of diarrhea in COVID-19.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval is not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms. This review would be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentations.

Prospero registration number:
CRD42022302933.
Aesthetics and Technology Integration in a Community-Based Primary Care Nursing Curriculum
Authors: DeGrande Heather , Acker Katelijne , Monahan Laura , Fomenko Julie , McMillan Sheryl Robinson , Baldwin Sara , Aubrey Margaret , Hoff Julie Anne 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Reconceptualized nursing education can prepare registered nurses to practice at the full scope of licensure on interprofessional teams across care continua while enhancing the quality of health care systems.

Problem:
Traditional nursing programs minimally address primary care competencies. Rapidly changing managed care models demand nurses develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively deliver population health, primary care, care coordination, and disease prevention/management services across care continua.

Approach:
A faculty team built an innovative concept and competency-based accelerated bachelor of science in nursing primary care–focused curriculum integrating behavioral health, aesthetic knowing, and technology.

Outcomes:
The curriculum was implemented twice, with the third cohort mid-program. Program evaluation is ongoing.

Conclusion:
A paradigm shift in nursing education may improve population-based biobehavioral wellness, disease prevention, and chronic disease management. Future research should focus on how this innovative curricular approach builds essential nursing competencies and enhances digital fluency, observation, communication, empathy, and critical thinking skills.
Virtual Health Assessment Laboratory Course Delivery and Nursing Student Clinical Judgment
Authors: Vihos Jill , Chute Andrea , Carlson Sue , Buro Karen , Velupillai Nirudika , Currie Tami 
Published: February 2022

Background:
It is essential to explore virtual learning experiences to identify their impact on nursing students' learning.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the virtual delivery of a health assessment laboratory course and nursing students' clinical judgment.

Methods:
Using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, the investigators appraised the final laboratory examinations of both in-person and virtual delivery cohorts using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) and then interviewed faculty members.

Results:
The LCJR total mean scores (mean = 10.64) and mean scores for Effective Noticing (mean = 3.48) were higher for the virtual delivery students. The faculty reported that virtual delivery advances students' critical appraisal skills related to subjective assessment but advocated for in-person delivery to develop physical examination techniques.

Conclusion:
Although the mean clinical judgment scores were higher for the students whose course delivery was virtual, in-person experiences are necessary to develop psychomotor techniques to prepare students for clinical practice.
Women's Mental Health Services and Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Ghahremani Taylor , Magann Everett F. , Phillips Amy , Ray-Griffith Shona L. , Coker Jessica L. , Stowe Zackary N. 
Published: February 2022

Importance
The importance of women's mental health services is becoming more evident as we learn more about the impact of mental health on maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Objective
The purpose of this review is to identify the importance of mental health issues arising during pregnancy including prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment, and referral to specialized services.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature search was undertaken using the search engines PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The search terms were as follows: “mental health services” or “behavioral health” or “mental health counseling” or “psychological” and “delivery of health care” and “pregnancy” or “pregnant.” The years searched were January 2000 to November 2020. The search was limited to English language.

Results
Of the 255 abstracts identified and reviewed, 35 full-text articles were the basis of this review. Literature summarizing the availability and models of care for mental health services for pregnant women is limited. After reviewing the literature, the themes of depression and anxiety in the antepartum and postpartum periods that emerged as mental health issues, especially during adolescent pregnancies, the coronavirus pandemic, intimate partner violence, and pregnancy loss, are of primary importance to obstetrical providers. All of these issues can have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes and should be addressed during routine practice.

Conclusions and Relevance
Maternal mental health is garnering deserved attention and has enormous implications on maternal and infant outcomes. Obstetrical providers should be comfortable with screening, identification, and basic treatment algorithms including when to refer to specialized services.

Relevance Statement
Mental health issues during pregnancy and the postpartum period can be profound with severe maternal and perinatal consequences.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians, psychiatrists.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the mental health services that are available for pregnant women; outline the common mental illnesses that are present during adolescent pregnancies; explain the risk factors that have been linked with perinatal depression; and describe the management and potential complications of pregnant patients presenting with mental illness.
Just-in-Time In Situ Simulation Training as a Preparedness Measure for the Perioperative Care of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zucco Liana , Chen Michael J. , Levy Nadav , Obeidat Salameh S. , Needham Matthew J. , Hyatt Allison , Keane Jeffrey R. , Pollard Richard J. , Mitchell John D. , Ramachandran Satya Krishna 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Routine workflows were redesigned during the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic to standardize perioperative management of patients and minimize the risk of viral exposure and transmission to staff members. Just-in-time (JIT), in situ simulation training was adopted to implement urgent change, the value of which in a public health crisis has not previously been explored.

Methods
Implementation of workflow changes in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic was accomplished through JIT, in situ simulation training, delivered over a period of 3 weeks to participants from anesthesia, nursing, and surgery, within our healthcare network. The perceived value of this training method was assessed using a postsimulation training survey, composed of Likert scale assessments and free-text responses. The impact on change in practice was assessed by measuring compliance with new COVID-19 workflows for cases of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 managed in the operating room, between March and August 2020.

Results
Postsimulation survey responses collected from 110 of 428 participants (25.7%) demonstrated significant positive shifts along the Likert scale on perceived knowledge of new workflow processes, comfort in adopting them in practice and probability that training would have an impact on future practice (all Ps < 0.001). Free-text responses reflected appreciation for the training being timely, hands-on, and interprofessional. Compliance with new COVID workflows protocols in practice was 95% (121 of 127 cases) and was associated with lower than expected healthcare worker test positive rates (<1%) within the network during this same period.

Conclusions
These findings support JIT, in situ simulation training as a preparedness measure for the perioperative care of COVID-19 patients and demonstrate the value of this approach during public health crises.