bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural‐urban survival disparities for patients with surgically treated lung cancer
Authors: Logan Charles D. , Feinglass Joe , Halverson Amy L. , Lung Kalvin , Kim Samuel , Bharat Ankit , Odell David D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common diagnosis among patients living in rural areas and small towns who face unique challenges accessing care. We examined differences in survival for surgically treated rural and small‐town patients compared to those from urban and metropolitan areas.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify surgically treated NSCLC patients from 2004 to 2016. Patients from rural/small‐town counties were compared to urban/metro counties. Differences in patient clinical, sociodemographic, hospital, and travel characteristics were described. Survival differences were examined with Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe study included 366 373 surgically treated NSCLC patients with 12.4% (n = 45 304) categorized as rural/small‐town. Rural/small‐town patients traveled farther for treatment and were from areas characterized by lower income and education(all p < 0.001). Survival probabilities for rural/small‐town patients were worse at 1 year (85% vs. 87%), 5 years (48% vs. 54%), and 10 years (26% vs. 31%) (p < 0.001). Travel distance >100 miles (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.16, vs. <25 miles) and living in a rural/small‐town county (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) were associated with increased risk for death.ConclusionsRural and small‐town patients with surgically treated NSCLC had worse survival outcomes compared to urban and metropolitan patients.
Regional control after precision lymph node dissection for clinically evident melanoma metastasis
Authors: Lynch Kevin T. , Hu Yinin , Farrow Norma E. , Song Yun , Meneveau Max O. , Kwak Minyoung , Lowe Michael C. , Bartlett Edmund K. , Beasley Georgia M. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Slingluff Craig L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCompletion lymph node dissection (CLND) for microscopic lymph node metastases has been replaced by observation; however, CLND is standard for clinically detectable nodal metastases (cLN). CLND has high morbidity, which may be reduced by excision of only the cLN (precision lymph node dissection [PLND]). We hypothesized that same‐basin recurrence risk would be low after PLND.MethodsRetrospective review at four tertiary care hospitals identified patients who underwent PLND. The primary outcome was 3‐year cumulative incidence of isolated same‐basin recurrence.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent PLND for cLN without synchronous distant metastases. Reasons for forgoing CLND included patient preference (n = 11), comorbidities (n = 5), imaging indeterminate for distant metastases (n = 2), partial response to checkpoint blockade (n = 1), or not reported (n = 2). A median of 2 nodes (range: 1–6) were resected at PLND, and 68% contained melanoma. Recurrence was observed in 33% overall. Only 1 patient (5%) developed an isolated same‐basin recurrence. Cumulative incidences at 3 years were 5.0%, 17.3%, and 49.7% for isolated same‐basin recurrence, any same‐basin recurrence, and any recurrence, respectively. Complications from PLND were reported in 1 patient (5%).ConclusionsThese pilot data suggest that PLND may provide adequate regional disease control with less morbidity than CLND. These data justify prospective evaluation of PLND in select patients.
Hydrolysis of polyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid‐glycerophosphocholines by Group IIA, V, and X secretory phospholipases A2
Authors: Kuksis Arnis , Pruzanski Waldemar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that unesterified polyunsaturated ω‐6 and ω‐3 fatty acids (PUFA) are converted through various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to a range of oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins), among which the polyhydroxides of unesterified PUFA have recently been recognized as cell signaling molecules with anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties, known as specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). This study investigates the mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy 16:0/PUFA‐GPCs, and the corresponding 16:0/SPM‐GPC, in plasma lipoproteins. We describe the isolation and identification of mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy AA, EPA, and DHA‐GPC in plasma LDL, HDL, HDL3, and acute phase HDL using normal phase LC/ESI‐MS, as previously reported. The lipoproteins contained variable amounts of the polyhydroxy‐PUFA‐GPC (0–10 nmol/mg protein), likely the product of lipid peroxidation and the action of various lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes on both free fatty acids and the parent GPCs. Polyhydroxy‐PUFA‐GPC was hydrolyzed to variable extent (20%–80%) by the different secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s), with Group IIA sPLA2 showing the lowest and Group X sPLA2 the highest activity. Surprisingly, the trihydroxy‐16:0/PUFA‐GPC of APHDL was largely absent, while large amounts of unidentified material had migrated in the free fatty acid elution area. The free fatty acid mass spectra were consistent with that anticipated for branched chain polyhydroxy fatty acids. There was general agreement between the masses determined by LC/ESI‐MS for the polyhydroxy PUFA‐GPC and the masses calculated for the GPC equivalents of resolvins, protectins, and maresins using the fatty acid structures reported in the literature.
Sulfate biosensor for environmental applications
Authors: Marzocchi Ugo , Revsbech Niels Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSulfate is present in all freshwater and marine environments and is reduced to toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide by anaerobic bacteria. By measuring depth profiles of sulfate in sediments, it is possible to obtain estimates of sulfate reduction rates (SRRs). A whole‐cell microscale biosensor for sulfate was constructed by placing a mixture of sulfate‐reducing and aerobic bacteria in front of a hydrogen sulfide microsensor. The bacteria were supplied with electron donors from a reservoir behind the bacterial biomass. The aerobic bacteria ensured anaerobic conditions in deeper parts of the 150‐μm‐thick bacterial layer, so that the sulfate reducers could be active. A typical tip diameter of a sulfate biosensor is 50 μm. The calibration curve was close to linear in the 0–2 mM range, with a detection limit of about 10 μM. The 90% response time varied between 90 and 220 s, slowest response at low concentrations. Oxygen and ferrous iron at environmental concentrations gave no interference, but there was a 6% signal difference between stirred and stagnant liquid medium. The sensitivity of the biosensor could be modulated by applying a charge between sensor interior and an external electrode. The lifetime is usually a few weeks. The biosensor was used to measure sulfate profiles in a freshwater sediment.
Chirality‐Reversed Bidirectional High‐Efficiency Dichroic Metalens based on Hybrid Helical Surfaces
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Wang Chinhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA conventional chiral metalens based on helical structures have the disadvantages of fixed chirality and low conversion efficiency of cross‐circular polarization. In this study, a chirality‐reversed bidirectional high‐efficiency dichroic metalens based on hybrid helical surfaces (HHSs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is composed of a pair of half‐pitch helical surfaces with left‐ and right‐handedness. It is found that the cross‐polarization conversion efficiency of the hybrid structure reaches 78.5%, which is ≈20 times higher than that (≈4%) of a conventional normal helical structure. The chirality of the hybrid structure can be flexibly switched between left‐ and right‐handedness by simply flipping the metalens by 180°, rendering a chirality‐reversed bidirectional operation. A comprehensive analysis of the physical mechanism and experimental verification are conducted. Two‐photon laser direct writing and electron beam evaporation are employed to fabricate the dichroic metalens with a scale of a 101 × 101 HHS array, and dichroism focusing and imaging are successfully realized by lock‐in thermography in the IR wavelength range from 3 to 5 μm. The demonstrated high‐efficiency bidirectional dichroic metalens promises important applications in polarimetric imaging and biomedical chirality detection.
Coupling‐Induced Tunable Broadband Superradiance in 2D Metal‐Dielectric‐Metal Nanocavity Arrays
Authors: Liang Zhengchen , Wang Dong , Ziegler Mario , Hübner Uwe , Xie Peng , Ding Qi , Zhang Hong , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSubradiance/superradiance, cooperative effects causing suppressed/enhanced radiative decay, are of particular interest in plasmonic systems as they play a very important role in modulating dampings and optical properties of resonant systems. However, subradiance/superradiance are generally limited in narrow spectral range with inaccessible tunability. Realizing broadband subradiant and superradiant plasmon modes with flexible tuning is still challenging. Here, a 2D periodic multilayer metal‐dielectric‐metal (MDM) nanostructure is rationally designed and fabricated to realize a tunable superradiant mode over a broad visible range. Angle‐resolved spectroscopy combined with full quantum calculations reveal a sufficient hybridization of delocalized guided plasmons with localized plasmons and a plasmonic cavity mode, leading to an emissive superradiant hybrid mode over a broadband visible range, which can be readily tuned by controlling the spectral three‐mode overlap. Greatly shortened polariton lifetimes down to 4 fs are achieved as direct consequence of the Rabi phases and considerable incoherent coupling strengths between interacting subsystems. Such a control of plasmon damping by cooperative mode interactions paves the way toward efficient manipulation of light emission for applications requiring bright, fast‐emitting photon sources.
Biodegradable and Electrically Conductive Melanin‐Poly (3‐Hydroxybutyrate) 3D Fibrous Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Agrawal Lokesh , Vimal Sunil Kumar , Barzaghi Paolo , Shiga Takashi , Terenzio Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the severity of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI), treatment options for patients are limited. In this context, biomaterials designed to promote regeneration and reinstate the lost function are being explored. Such biomaterials should be able to mimic the biological, chemical, and physical cues of the extracellular matrix for maximum effectiveness as therapeutic agents. Development of biomaterials with desirable physical, chemical, and electrical properties, however, has proven challenging. Here a novel biomaterial formulation achieved by blending the pigment melanin and the natural polymer Poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is proposed. Physio‐chemical measurements of electrospun fibers reveal a feature rich surface nano‐topography, a semiconducting‐nature, and brain‐tissue‐like poroviscoelastic properties. Resulting fibers improve cell adhesion and growth of mouse sensory and motor neurons, without any observable toxicity. Further, the presence of polar functional groups positively affect the kinetics of fibers degradation at a pH (≈7.4) comparable to that of body fluids. Thus, melanin‐PHB blended scaffolds are found to be physio‐chemically, electrically, and biologically compatible with neural tissues and could be used as a regenerative modality for neural tissue injuries. A biomaterial for scaffolds intended to promote regeneration of nerve tissue after injury is developed. This biomaterial, obtained by mixing the pigment melanin and the natural polymer PHB, is biodegradable, electrically conductive, and beneficial to the growth of motor and sensory neurons. Thus, it is believed that this biomaterial can be used in the context of healthcare applications.
Role of Exosomes Derived from Adipose Tissue under Obese Conditions in Skeletal Muscle and Liver Cells: Commonalities and Differences
Authors: Kim Yujeong , Son Taesang , Park Jeongjin , Jun Woojin , Kim Ok‐Kyung 
Published: September 2022

ScopeTo determine the correlation between obesity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver tissues, this study isolates exosomes from adipose tissue under obese conditions and investigates the effect of adipose tissue‐derived exosomes (Ad‐exosomes) in mouse muscle (C2C12 cells) and liver cell lines (AML12 cells).Methods and resultsThe study isolates exosomes from the adipose tissue of normal diet‐fed mice or high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed obese mice and confirms the uptake into differentiated C2C12 and AML12 cells. Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed mice induce insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG) accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in both C2C12 and AML12 cells. Interestingly, the study finds that the TG accumulation induces by Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice is dramatically increased in AML12 cells compared with that in the differentiated C2C12 cells, and glucose uptake following the same treatment is decreased in C2C12 cells and increased in AML12 cells. In addition, Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice cause not only TG accumulation but also lipogenesis in AML12 cells.ConclusionsThe results suggest that Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice cause insulin resistance in both the muscles and liver, but their effects on metabolism during the development of insulin resistance vary between tissues.
Testing Bayesian models of belief updating in the context of depressive symptomatology
Authors: Feldmann Matthias , Kube Tobias , Rief Winfried , Brakemeier Eva‐Lotta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesPredictive processing approaches to belief updating in depression propose that depression is related to more negative and more precise priors. Also, belief updating is assumed be negatively biased in comparison to normative Bayesian updating. There is a lack of efficient methods to mathematically model belief updating in depression.MethodsWe validated a novel performance belief updating paradigm in a nonclinical sample (N = 133). Participants repeatedly participated in a non‐self‐related emotion recognition task and received false feedback. Effects of the feedback manipulation and differences in depressive symptoms on belief updating were analysed in Bayesian multilevel analyses.ResultsBeliefs were successfully manipulated through the feedback provided. Depressive symptoms were associated with more negative updating than normative Bayesian updating but results were influenced by few cases. No evidence of biased change in beliefs or overly precise priors was found. Depressive symptoms were associated with more negative updating of generalised performance beliefs.ConclusionsThere was cautious support for negatively biased belief updating associated with depressive symptoms, especially for generalised beliefs. The content of the task may not be self‐relevant enough to cause strong biases. Further explication of Bayesian models of depression and replication in clinical samples is needed.
Fast Catalyst Ratio Estimate in Gas Phase Polyethylene Dual Catalyst System
Authors: Reimers Jay L. , Chiang Hsu , Shi Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne approach used in the industry to improve the properties of polyethylene is to use multi‐reactor with a single catalyst or multiple catalysts in a single reactor. In the latter case, two catalysts with distinct kinetics are selected to achieve the desired product properties. Such mixed catalyst systems enable tailored and advantageous properties at the cost of more challenging process control, because the ratio of the two catalysts serves as an additional manipulated variable. A fast method to estimate the ratio of active catalysts using headspace gas chromatography measurements is proposed here. In this method, a small perturbation in the feed rate is introduced to induce transient responses in the gas phase concentration. Ideally, with known responses from each individual catalyst, the active catalyst ratio can be estimated. To demonstrate this concept, a process model is developed in Aspen Plus. A set of dynamic simulation is performed to understand the responses of each catalyst and the mixed catalyst system, to changes in feed comonomer concentration. The results demonstrate that this method has significantly faster responses compared to feedback from bulk polymer properties and induces minimal process upset or product off‐spec due to small perturbations in a short period of time.
High‐field ex vivo and in vivo two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in murine brain: Resolving and exploring the molecular environment
Authors: Martinho Ricardo P. , Jain Mukul G. , Frydman Lucio 
Published: September 2022

The structural and chemical complexities within the brain pose a challenge that few noninvasive techniques can tackle with the dexterity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Still, even with the advent of ultrahigh fields and of cryogenically cooled coils for in vivo research, the superposition of metabolic resonances arising from the brain remains a challenge. The present study explores the potential to tackle this milieu using a combination of two‐dimensional (2D) NMR techniques, implemented on murine brains in vivo at 15.2 T and ex vivo at 14.1 T. While both experiments were affected by substantial inhomogeneous broadenings conveying distinct elongated lineshapes to the cross‐peaks, the ability of increased fields to resolve off‐diagonal resonances was clear. A comparison between the corresponding conventional and double quantum‐filtered correlated spectroscopy traces enabled an improved assignment of in vivo resonances on the basis of more sensitive ex vivo 2D acquisitions, foremost on the basis of homonuclear cross‐relaxation–driven correlations for peaks resonating downfield from water, and of heteronuclear correlations at natural abundance for the upfield protons. With the aid of such 2D correlations approximately 29 metabolites could be resolved and identified. This enhanced resolution was used to explore features related to the metabolites' diffusivities, their exposure to water, and their facility to undergo magnetization transfers to amide/amine/hydroxyl resonances. Cross‐peaks from main murine brain biomolecules, including choline, creatine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, N‐acetyl aspartate, glutamine, and glutamate, showed enhancements in several of these various features, opening interesting vistas about metabolite compartmentalization as viewed by these 2D NMR experiments.
Clinically feasible B1 field correction for multi‐organ sodium imaging at 3 T
Authors: Vaeggemose Michael , Schulte Rolf F. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: September 2022

Sodium MRI allows the non‐invasive quantification of intra‐organ sodium concentration. RF inhomogeneity introduces uncertainty in this estimated concentration. B1 field corrections can be used to overcome some of these limitations. However, the low signal‐to‐noise ratio in sodium MRI makes accurate B1 mapping in reasonable scan times challenging. The study aims to evaluate Bloch–Siegert off‐resonance (BLOSI) B1 field correction for sodium MRI using a 3D Fermat looped, orthogonally encoded trajectories (FLORET) read‐out trajectory.We propose a clinically feasible B1 field map correction method for sodium imaging at 3 T, evaluating five healthy subjects' brain, heart blood, kidneys, and thigh muscle. We scanned the subjects twice for repeatability measures and used sodium phantoms to determine organ total sodium concentration. Conventional proton scans were compared with sodium images for organ structural integrity. The BLOSI approach based on the 3D FLORET read‐out trajectory was used in B1 field correction and 3D density‐adapted radial acquisition for sodium imaging.Results indicate improvements in sodium imaging based on B1 field correction in a clinically feasible protocol. Improvements are determined in all organs by enhanced anatomical representation, organ homogeneity, and an increase in the total sodium concentration after applying a B1 field correction.The proposed BLOSI‐based B1 field correction using a 3D FLORET read‐out trajectory is clinically feasible for sodium imaging, which is shown in the brain, heart, kidney, and thigh muscle. This supports using fast B1 field mapping in the clinical setting.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and care preference of family members of Chinese older adults related to palliative care
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Li Xiran , Su Ting , Liang Jin , Wang Lijie , Huang Qiuna , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Shuang , Wang Ning , Xiang Rihui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and validate a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, behaviour and care preference of family members of Chinese older adults related to palliative care.DesignA descriptive study design and STROBE checklist were applied in this research.MethodsThe theoretical framework of the questionnaire was knowledge–attitude–behaviour model. An additional dimension of palliative care preference of family members was set up in the questionnaire. Items were generated from a rapid review of international literature and interviews with 61 family members of the older adults living either in an aged care service organization or the community. The content validity was examined by five experts. A preliminary questionnaire with 69 items was then set up, and its psychometric property was assessed.ResultsA final version of questionnaire with 42 items under four dimensions was constructed. The content validity index of the overall questionnaire was 0.93 and of each item ranged 0.80–1.00. The factor loading of all items was higher than 0.50 as per exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; the average variance extracted for each dimension was higher than 0.50; the composite reliability was higher than 0.90; and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of each dimension was <0.50 and less than the square root of the average variance extracted. The Cronbach's alpha value and the split‐half reliability value of the overall questionnaire were 0.93 and 0.97, respectively.ConclusionsThis questionnaire has good validity and reliability, but needs further testing in multi‐centered settings.