bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral correction of initial and model errors in system of multigrid NLS‐4DVar data assimilation for numerical weather prediction (SNAP)
Authors: Zhang Hongqin , Tian Xiangjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModel error has a marked influence on forecast error, and integral correction of the initial and model errors in a novel four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) method (i4DVar) has recently been developed. Unlike traditional 4DVar, in which the analysis increment focuses only on the initial time point, i4DVar introduces an averaged integral correction term to correct the error evolution at multiple times with the same time interval in the assimilation window; that is, the assimilation window is divided into several sub‐windows. In this study, we incorporated i4DVar into the System of Multigrid Nonlinear Least‐squares‐4DVar Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) (SNAP), hereafter referred to as SN‐i4DVar, and explored its impacts on NWP. The effectiveness and performance of SN‐i4DVar were evaluated using two extreme rainstorm cases assimilating conventional and satellite observations, respectively. The results indicated that integral correction of the initial and model errors reduced analysis error and forecast error growth rates. SN‐i4DVar performed better in precipitation forecasting than the original SNAP and exhibited generally better forecasting capability in terms of the horizontal wind speed (u and v), temperature, and humidity variables, indicating that SN‐i4DVar simultaneously countered initial model errors to improve NWP capability. Meanwhile, the 4DEnVar method, which considers the optimal analysis in the ensemble space, benefits from the improved ensemble space generated according to the formulas of i4DVar, and the observation information can be more effectively absorbed and a more accurate analysis can be obtained by SN‐i4DVar.
Performance of the Shiryaev‐Roberts‐type scheme in comparison to the CUSUM and EWMA schemes in monitoring weibull scale parameter based on Type I censored data
Authors: Yu Dan , Mukherjee Amitava , Li Jin , Jin Li , Wen Kai , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a process monitoring scheme based on the Shiryaev‐Roberts (SR) procedure for Type I right‐censored Weibull lifetime data for detecting shifts in the scale parameter for a fixed value of the shape parameter. The performance of the new charting scheme is evaluated under different censoring rates and sample sizes via Monte Carlo simulation. Comparison with two existing schemes, namely, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and cumulative sum (CUSUM) schemes, is performed in terms of average run length (ARL). Both zero‐state and steady‐state shifts are considered in this study for impartial comparisons. The numerical results based on simulation are highly encouraging in favour of the SR procedure. Our findings show that the new scheme outperforms the other two schemes in some cases. An illustrative example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed scheme.
Can sustainability be achieved through sustainable oriented innovation practices? Empirical evidence of micro, small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Khurana Sonal , Luthra Sunil , Haleem Abid , Kumar Anil , Mannan Bisma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn today's scenario, where companies are driven by fast changes, their survival depends on their ability to pursue sustainable development through innovation. This issue has led to the discussion about how companies should manage innovation to meet the demands of sustainability. Recently, researchers have identified that bringing changes into various managerial aspects has the potential to support both innovation and sustainability. The present study contributes to this field by analysing the causal relationships amongst the sustainability capabilities at the organisational level through the structural equation modelling method. The responses of 301 owners and managers of micro, small and medium scale enterprises in an emerging economy context are examined. A more holistic approach, as promoted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is used in order to achieve the multi‐dimensional mix of environmental, social and economic performance indicators. The findings of this study reveal that government initiatives influence firm size and technological resources significantly. Financial resources have a significant influence on collaboration capability. Moreover, capacity building has emerged to be a significant determinant affecting sustainable oriented innovation. This study also makes a contribution to the contingent resource‐based theory by providing an understanding of the significance of various contingencies and integration of resources for application of sustainable practices. The authors hope that the present research is able to help government and managers so that they can provide every support to indigenous manufacturing, innovation and implementation of climate resilient technologies.
Does the Histopathological Subtype of Primary Basal Cell Carcinoma Predict the Subtype of Secondary Tumours? What Role do Genetic Mutations Play?
Authors: Turner Liam D. , Zarkovic Andrea , Lee Siew Hua Jessica , Chan Weng , Ogra Siddharth , Brettell Daniel , Ohana Oded , Gounder Pavindran , Hayes Mark , Madge Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The frequency of histopathological subtypes and the distribution on the body of BCC has been well documented. Less has been written on the nature of secondary tumours. The genetics of BCC is starting to be understood, particularly with the advent of newer medical treatments (hedgehog inhibitors).

Objectives
To determine if primary basal cell carcinoma histopathological subtype predicts secondary tumour subtype, as well as their anatomical distribution.

Methods
A retrospective case series of patients over the age of 18 was performed from 2009 to 2014, with at least two separate diagnoses of BCC.

Results
In 394 identified patients, a total of 1355 BCCs arose in the cohort over the 6-year study period. The number of secondary BCCs per patient ranged from 2 to 19 tumours. Nodular BCC was the most likely to reoccur in secondary tumours (53.3%), followed by mixed subtypes (45.7%).

Conclusions
Within our study, we did find a predisposition for secondary BCCs to be of the same histopathological subtype as the primary, particularly with respect to nodular and mixed tumours. Furthermore, we found that secondary tumours were also more likely to occur on the same anatomical site as the primary tumour. We are only just beginning to under the genetic mutations involved in subtype formation.
A Class of Shark‐Derived Single‐Domain Antibodies can Broadly Neutralize SARS‐Related Coronaviruses and the Structural Basis of Neutralization and Omicron Escape
Authors: Feng Bo , Chen Zhilong , Sun Jing , Xu Tingting , Wang Qian , Yi Haisu , Niu Xuefeng , Zhu Jiabin , Fan Mengzhu , Hou Ruitian , Shao Ying , Huang Sihui , Li Cuiyun , Hu Peiyu , Zheng Pingqian , He Ping , Luo Jia , Yan Qihong , Xiong Xiaoli , Liu Jinsong , Zhao Jincun , Chen Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe identification of a novel class of shark‐derived single domain antibodies, named vnarbodies that show picomolar affinities binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Wuhan and Alpha, Beta, Kappa, Delta, Delta‐plus, and Lambda variants, is reported. Vnarbody 20G6 and 17F6 have broad neutralizing activities against all these SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses as well as other sarbecoviruses, including Pangolin coronavirus and Bat coronavirus. Intranasal administration of 20G6 effectively protects mice from the challenges of SARS‐CoV‐2 Wuhan and Beta variants. 20G6 and 17F6 contain a unique “WXGY” motif in the complementary determining region 3 that binds to a hidden epitope on RBD, which is highly conserved in sarbecoviruses through a novel β‐sheet interaction. It is found that the S375F mutation on Omicron RBD disrupts the structure of β‐strand, thus impair the binding with 20G6. The study demonstrates that shark‐derived vnarbodies offer a prophylactic and therapeutic option against most SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and provide insights into antibody evasion by the Omicron variant.
Supporting a young age for the North American deserts: Historical biogeography of Grusonia (Cylindropuntieae) in a Plio‐Pleistocene temporal framework
Authors: Bárcenas Rolando T. , Hernández Héctor M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrusonia is an opuntioid genus in the Cylindropuntieae, Cactaceae, endemic to the North American deserts in Mexico and the United States. The monophyletic status of the genus and the degrees of endemicity of its species make Grusonia a suitable study group in order to test biogeographic hypotheses such as vicariant or dispersal events, biogeographic barriers and time‐calibrated phylogenies in order to propose speciation events in the group. The statistical dispersal‐vicariance analysis (S‐DIVA) and a statistical dispersal‐local extinction‐cladogenesis (S‐DEC) analyses show general congruence postulating ancestral ranges for the species of Grusonia. They disagree, however, in a clade with four species from the Sonoran Desert, the Baja California Peninsula and one species endemic to the central portion of the Chihuahuan Desert Region. The time‐calibrated phylogeny here proposed shows an average age of 3.7 Ma for the genus. Grusonia has two internal clades comprising species most likely generated by allopatric speciation under a vicariant scenario. The results of this study support a young age for the North American deserts and identify the end of the Pliocene and mainly the Plio‐Pleistocene boundary as the starting point of the cladogenetic events that gave rise to the two main clades of Grusonia.
Targeting DEAD‐box RNA helicases: The emergence of molecular staples
Authors: Naineni Sai Kiran , Robert Francis , Nagar Bhushan , Pelletier Jerry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRNA helicases constitute a large family of proteins that play critical roles in mediating RNA function. They have been implicated in all facets of gene expression pathways involving RNA, from transcription to processing, transport and translation, and storage and decay. There is significant interest in developing small molecule inhibitors to RNA helicases as some family members have been documented to be dysregulated in neurological and neurodevelopment disorders, as well as in cancers. Although different functional properties of RNA helicases offer multiple opportunities for small molecule development, molecular staples have recently come to the forefront. These bifunctional molecules interact with both protein and RNA components to lock them together, thereby imparting novel gain‐of‐function properties to their targets.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule‐RNA Interactions
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Yeast as a biological platform for vitamin D production: A promising alternative to help reduce vitamin D deficiency in humans
Authors: Kessi‐Pérez Eduardo I. , González Adens , Palacios José L. , Martínez Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVitamin D is an important human hormone, known primarily to be involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, but it is also involved in various nonskeletal processes (molecular, cellular, immune, and neuronal). One of the main health problems nowadays is the vitamin D deficiency of the human population due to lack of sun exposure, with estimates of one billion people worldwide with vitamin D deficiency, and the consequent need for clinical intervention (i.e., prescription of pharmacological vitamin D supplements). An alternative to reduce vitamin D deficiency is to produce good dietary sources of it, a scenario in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae seems to be a promising alternative. This review focuses on the potential use of yeast as a biological platform to produce vitamin D, summarizing both the biological aspects of vitamin D (synthesis, ecology and evolution, metabolism, and bioequivalence) and the work done to produce it in yeast (both for vitamin D2 and for vitamin D3), highlighting existing challenges and potential solutions.
Higgs probes of top quark contact interactions and their interplay with the Higgs self-coupling
Authors: Alasfar Lina , de Blas Jorge , Gröber Ramona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe calculate the dominant contributions of third generation four-quark operators to single-Higgs production and decay. They enter via loop corrections to Higgs decays into gluons, photons and$$ b\overline{b} $$bb¯, and in Higgs production via gluon fusion and in association with top quark pairs. We show that these loop effects can, in some cases, lead to better constraints than those from fits to top quark data. Finally, we investigate whether these four-fermion operators can spoil the determination of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling from fits to single-Higgs data.
Climatology of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) Observed with GPS Networks in the North African Region
Authors: Oluwadare Temitope Seun , Jakowski Norbert , Valladares Cesar E. , Akala Andrew Oke-Ovie , Abe Oladipo E. , Alizadeh Mahdi M. , Schuh Harald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present for the first time the climatology of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) by using Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver networks on geomagnetically quiet days (Kp ≤ 3) over the North African region during 2008–2016. The ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) were estimated from the dual-frequency GPS measurements, and the TEC perturbations (dTEC) data were derived from the estimated TEC data. We focused on the TEC perturbations (dTEC) associated MSTIDs and statistically analyzed its characteristics, occurrence rate, diurnal and seasonal behavior as well as the interannual dependence. The results show that MSTID is a local and seasonal dependence. The result reveals that occurrence of MSTIDs increases with solar activity. It also shows that MSTIDs predominantly propagates towards the South (equatorward). The MSTIDs event period is (12 ≤ period ≤ 53 min), while the dominant peak-to-peak amplitude is (0.08 ≤ amp ≤  ~ 1.5 dTECU). The study also shows that the amplitude of MSTIDs is higher at the northwest (Lat: ~ 32° N to ~ 38° N, Long: ~ 2° W to ~ 15° W) when compared with northeast (Lat: ~ 28° N to ~ 38° N, Long: ~ 23° E to ~ 40° E), and the disturbance occurrence time is more frequent within the hours of (1200–1600 LT), and (1000—1400 LT) in December solstice at daytime for stations located in the northwest and northeast part of the African region, respectively. While at the nighttime, the MSTIDs also exhibits variability in disturbance occurrence time around (northwest: 2100–0200 LT) and (northeast: 1900-0200 LT) in June solstice, but get extended to March equinox during solar maximum (2014). The mean phase velocity in daytime MSTIDs is higher than the nighttime in every season, except during June solstice.
Health Physics (보건 물리학) in South Korea: Building a Research Community in a Post-Colonial Society, 1959–early 1970s
Authors: DiMoia John P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper traces the diverse contexts of radiation protection from liberation in post-1945 South Korea to its professionalization by the early 1970s, using the emerging field of health physics (보건 물리학) as the focus. The Korean nuclear center, AERI (Atomic Energy Research Institute/한국 원자력 연구소, 1959), started two affiliates, RRIA (Radiation Research Institute for Agriculture/방사선 농업연구소, 1966) and RRIM (Radiation Research Institute for Medicine/방사선 의학연구소, 1963) in the early 1960s. In particular, RRIM emphasized the use of radiation within cancer research, especially the use of cobalt in treating patients. In this context, health physics initially took the form of “radiation medicine.”With the two institutes returning to AERI’s fold in 1973, health physics took another turn: the second major subfield, following “radiation medicine,” invoked a broader conception of “radiation protection,” which now referred to a cluster of related interests, including the environment and the effects of industrialization.Rather than a simple transfer of American and international models after 1953, Korean health physics reflects its origins in a post-colonial research setting, one more diverse than its “official” institutional context at AERI.
Does spiked tibial cement spacer reduce spacer-related problems in two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for infection?
Authors: Jung Kwang-Hwan , Lee Chae-Chil , Kim Tae-Hoon , Han Jung-Won , Park Ki-Bong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Articulating cement spacers are frequently used in staged approaches for infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study investigated whether a tibial cement spacer (TCS) with spikes could reduce spacer-related problems in two-stage revision TKA (R-TKA).

Methods
A total of 27 patients (27 knees; 10 men and 17 women) who underwent two-stage R-TKA for infected TKA were retrospectively analyzed. Group A comprised 12 patients who used TCS with spikes added to the bottom surface, whereas group B consisted of 15 patients who used conventional TCS with a flat bottom. For each group, plain radiographs were obtained after cement spacer implantation and before R-TKA to measure mediolateral (ML) translation and TCS’s tilting angle. Patients’ demographic data, ML translation of the TCS, and changes in the TCS’s tilting angle between the groups were analyzed.

Results
The mean ML translation was significantly lower in group A than that in group B (1.7 mm vs. 5.4 mm, p = 0.04). The mean change in the tilting angle was significantly lower in group A than that in group B (4.5° vs. 19.4°, p = 0.047).

Conclusion
The spiked TCS in two-stage R-TKA provides superior stability compared to the TCS with a conventional design.
Impact of climate change on volcanic processes: current understanding and future challenges
Authors: Aubry Thomas J. , Farquharson Jamie I. , Rowell Colin R. , Watt Sebastian F. L. , Pinel Virginie , Beckett Frances , Fasullo John , Hopcroft Peter O. , Pyle David M. , Schmidt Anja , Sykes John Staunton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate are increasingly well understood, but the mirror question of how climate changes affect volcanic systems and processes, which we term “climate-volcano impacts”, remains understudied. Accelerating research on this topic is critical in view of rapid climate change driven by anthropogenic activities. Over the last two decades, we have improved our understanding of how mass distribution on the Earth’s surface, in particular changes in ice and water distribution linked to glacial cycles, affects mantle melting, crustal magmatic processing and eruption rates. New hypotheses on the impacts of climate change on eruption processes have also emerged, including how eruption style and volcanic plume rise are affected by changing surface and atmospheric conditions, and how volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle, radiative forcing and climate impacts are modulated by background climate conditions. Future improvements in past climate reconstructions and current climate observations, volcanic eruption records and volcano monitoring, and numerical models all have a role in advancing our understanding of climate-volcano impacts. Important mechanisms remain to be explored, such as how changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation will affect the volcanic ash life cycle. Fostering a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to climate-volcano impacts is critical to gain a full picture of how ongoing climate changes may affect the environmental and societal impacts of volcanic activity.
Translating research into operational procedures for reducing the risk from volcanic eruptions
Authors: Solana Carmen , Kilburn Christopher R. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this perspective piece, we reflect on scientific progress in volcanic risk reduction and its prospects for future development. In spite of recent advances, a dichotomy still exists between the products of academic research and the desire for practical applications. The main themes to emerge are (1) the need to find the most effective ways to explain the ever growing amount and complexity of volcanological data to non-specialist stakeholders, and (2) how to transfer to future generations of applied scientists the lessons from practical experience that are often missed by theoretical guidelines. Recommendations for sustaining progress in these fields include improving the accessibility of knowledge and data, embracing novel tools to communicate volcanic risk and uncertainty for decision making, and investing effort on transferring practical experience across generations.En este breve artículo, reflexionamos sobre los adelantos científicos para la reducción del riesgo de erupciones volcánicas y en las oportunidades para continuar progresando. A pesar de avances recientes, todavía existe un desfase entre los resultados de investigaciones científicas y su aplicación práctica. Los temas clave que identificamos son (1) la necesidad de encontrar maneras más efectivas de explicar la cantidad incremental de información volcanológica (y su creciente complejidad) a todos los grupos interesados, especialmente los no-especialistas y (2) cómo transmitir y transferir, a futuras generaciones de cientificos, la experiencia y los aprendizajes prácticos que no figuran en directrices y manuales. Recomendaciones para mantener avances en estos campos incluyen: mejorar la accesibilidad de la información y datos científicos, adoptar nuevas técnicas para comunicar: el riesgo volcánico, la incertidumbre en información científica y para apoyar la toma de decisiones, e invertir en transferir experiencia práctica a las generaciones futuras.
The SAGES MASTERS program presents: the 10 seminal articles for the Laparoscopic Right Colectomy Pathway
Authors: Keller Deborah S. , Dapri Giovanni , Grucela Alexis L. , Melich George , Paquette Ian M. , Shaffer Virginia O. , Umanskiy Konstantin , Kuhnen Angela H. , Lipman Jeremy , Mclemore Elisabeth C. , Whiteford Mark , Sylla Patricia ,   the Colorectal Committee Right Colon Subcommittee
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background

As one of the 12 clinical pathways of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Masters Program, the Colorectal Pathway intends to deliver didactic content organized along 3 levels of performance (competency, proficiency and mastery) each represented by an anchoring procedure (laparoscopic right colectomy, laparoscopic left/sigmoid colectomy, and intracorporeal anastomosis during minimally invasive (MIS) ileocecal or right colon resection). In this article, the SAGES Colorectal Task Force presents focused summaries of the top 10 seminal articles selected for laparoscopic right colectomy which surgeons should be familiar with.

Methods

Using a systematic literature search of Web of Science, the most cited articles on laparoscopic right colectomy were identified, reviewed, and ranked by the SAGES Colorectal Task Force and invited subject experts. Additional articles not identified in the literature search were included if deemed impactful by expert consensus. The top 10 ranked articles were then summarized, with emphasis on relevance and impact in the field, findings, strengths and limitations, and conclusions.

Results
The top 10 seminal articles selected for the laparoscopic right colectomy anchoring procedure include articles on surgical techniques for benign and malignant disease, with anatomical and video illustrations, comparative outcomes of laparoscopic vs open colectomy, variations in technique with impact on clinical outcomes, and assessment of the learning curve.

Conclusions
The top 10 seminal articles selected for laparoscopic right colectomy illustrate the diversity both in content and format of the educational curriculum of the SAGES Masters Program to support practicing surgeon progression to mastery within the Colorectal Pathway.