bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic sclerosis in Native Americans of the American Southwest
Authors: Emil N. Suzanne , Vondenberg Jaime A. , Waters Yvonne M. , Muruganandam Maheswari , Ariza‐Hutchinson Angie , Patel Rosemina A. , Nunez Sharon E. , Gibb James I. , McElwee Matthew K. , Poole Janet L. , O’Sullivan Frank X. , Fields Roderick A. , Sibbitt Wilmer L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveMany indigenous non‐Caucasian populations, including Native Americans, have been reported to have higher rates, distinct clinical phenotypes, increased complications, and greater severity of systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, little is known of SSc specifically in Native Americans of the American Southwest. This study compared the clinical and serologic manifestations and outcomes of SSc in Native Americans and non‐Native Americans (non‐Natives) of this region.MethodsThis cross‐sectional retrospective study included 137 SSc patients (109 [80%] were non‐Native and 28 [20%] were Native Americans) followed over a mean of 11.5 ± 7.6 years. Participants were repetitively evaluated with medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, chest imaging, and serologic testing. Disease characteristics and outcomes were statistically compared between Native Americans and non‐Native patients.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of SSc in Native Americans was 40.0 cases/100 000 vs 17.1 cases/100 000 for non‐Natives (odds ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55‐3.55, P < .001). The cohorts were similar in terms age, age of onset, limited vs diffuse cutaneous SSc, telangiectasias, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Raynaud phenomenon, serologies, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, scleroderma renal crisis, cancer prevalence, and overall mortality (all P > .05). However, for Native Americans, mortality specifically from fatal infections was 3.94‐fold that of non‐Natives (hazard ratio 6.88, 95% CI 1.37‐34.64; P < .001).ConclusionIn Native Americans of the American Southwest, SSc is increased in prevalence but is phenotypically similar to SSc in non‐Natives. However, mortality due specifically to infection is increased in Native Americans with SSc.
A case series describing the multidisciplinary management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy: Time for optimism
Authors: Boyers Samuel , Nayyar Roshini , Melov Sarah J. , Tanous David , Brown Jane 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a high‐risk condition during pregnancy, with recent literature describing mortality rates of up to 23%.AimTo describe the course and outcomes of pregnancy for women with PAH in a major Australian metropolitan referral centre over a 15‐year period.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of all pregnant women with PAH over the period 2005–2020.ResultsWe report the outcomes of nine pregnancies in six women. In five women, seven pregnancies proceeded to term with birth of a healthy neonate, five vaginal births and two caesareans. Two women opted for a termination of pregnancy in the first trimester following counselling. The planning of care and patient‐centred decision‐making was individually tailored by a multidisciplinary team. The pulmonary hypertension clinic provided specialist support including the management of pulmonary vasodilators. All women who delivered a live offspring received neuraxial anaesthesia.ConclusionsWomen with this condition are ideally managed in a centre with expertise in PAH; counselling regarding the risks is imperative. Regional anaesthesia, irrespective of the mode of delivery, facilitated safe delivery and improved patient experience. The option of aiming for a term vaginal birth needs to be considered in these complex women.
Clostridium difficile infection risk in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Sanghvi Anuj Pranav , Miles J. Alex , Sayed Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Widespread use of antibiotics for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) opens up the possibility of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for acquiring CDI in patients with HS. We suggest that providers should take risk factors including increased antibiotic class, hospitalizations, and advanced patient age into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for HS.
Dynamic induction of the myelin‐associated growth inhibitor Nogo‐A in perilesional plasticity regions after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Schwaiger Carmen , Haider Thomas , Endmayr Verena , Zrzavy Tobias , Gruber Victoria E. , Ricken Gerda , Simonovska Anika , Hametner Simon , Schwab Jan M. , Höftberger Romana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe myelin‐associated inhibitor Nogo‐A (Reticulon 4, RTN4) restricts axonal outgrowth, plasticity, and neural circuitry formation in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is targeted in clinical interventions starting treatment within 4 weeks post‐SCI. Specifically, Nogo‐A expressed by oligodendroglia restricts compensatory neurite sprouting. To interrogate the hypothesis of an inducible, lesion reactive Nogo‐A expression over time, we analyzed the spatiotemporal Nogo‐A expression at the spinal lesion core (region of tissue necrosis and axonal damage/pruning) and perilesional rim (region of plasticity formation). Spinal cord specimens of SCI subjects (n = 22) were compared to neuropathologically unaltered controls (n = 9). Nogo‐A expression was investigated ranging from acute (0–3 days), early subacute (4–21 days), late subacute (22–90 days) to early chronic–chronic (91 days to 1.5 years after SCI) stages after SCI. Nogo‐A expression in controls is confined to motoneurons in the anterior horn and to oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter. After SCI, the number of Nogo‐A+ and TPPP/p25+ oligodendrocytes (i) inclined at the organizing perilesional rim specifically, (ii) increased further over time, and (iii) peaked at chronic stages after SCI. By contrast, at the lesion core, the number of Nogo‐A+ and TPPP/p25+ oligodendrocytes did not increase. Increasing numbers of Nogo‐A+ oligodendrocytes coincided with oligodendrogenesis corroborated by Nogo‐A coexpression of Ki67+, TPPP/p25+ proliferating oligodendrocytes. Nogo‐A oligodendrocyte expression emerges at perilesional (plasticity) regions over time and suggests an extended therapeutical window for anti‐Nogo‐A pathway targeting interventions beyond 4 weeks in patients after SCI.
Janus kinase inhibitor treatment improved both subcutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis in a patient with glaucoma
Authors: Liu Bei , Yin Hanlin , Yang Shaoying , Lu Liangjing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This is the first case to provide significant evidence that JAK inhibitor is an effective treatment for both subcutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and it is also the first case in which tofacitinib was used in a patient who has a contraindication for corticosteroid therapy.
Fishing gear entanglement threatens recovery of critically endangered North Atlantic right whales
Authors: Knowlton Amy R. , Clark James S. , Hamilton Philip K. , Kraus Scott D. , Pettis Heather M. , Rolland Rosalind M. , Schick Robert S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNorth Atlantic right whales frequently become entangled in fishing gear, which can negatively affect their reproductive output and probability of survival. We estimated individual whale health from a hierarchical Bayesian model fit to photographic indices of health. We reviewed 696 whales sighted from 1980 to 2011 and assigned 1196 entanglement events to 573 individuals in six categories of increasing injury severity and estimated monthly median health scores (0–100 scale) for the duration of their life within the study period. We then quantified the relationship between entanglement injury events and their severity with survival, reproduction, and population health. Severe entanglements resulted in worse health for all whales—males and females with severe injuries were eight times more likely to die than males with minor injuries. Females with severe injuries that survived had the lowest birth rates. Though the relationship between entanglement and fecundity was complex, we found that as the health of reproductively active females declined, their calving intervals increased. Unimpacted whale health scores declined significantly over three decades, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, suggesting food limitations may be contributing to population‐wide health declines. Decadal health scores of entangled whales showed a more notable reduction in health suggesting a clear and perhaps synergistic effect.
Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents and incident malignancy in chronic kidney and end‐stage renal disease: A population‐based study
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shan , Li Ming‐Feng , Lin Mei‐Chen , Ou Shih‐Hsiang , Wang Jen‐Hung , Huang Chien‐Wei , Chou Kang‐Ju , Fang Hua‐Chang , Lee Po‐Tsang , Hsu Chih‐Yang , Chen Jin‐Shuen , Chen Hsin‐Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch investigating incident malignancy risk in erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) users with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is lacking. We aimed to compare the incident cancer risk between ESA and non‐ESA users with CKD or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). In this retrospective cohort study, all adults newly diagnosed with CKD or ESRD between 2000 and 2012 were enrolled. The study population included 98,748 patients. After case–control matching, 7115 patients were included. The defined daily dose (DDD) of ESA was used as the unit for measuring the amount of ESA prescribed. The primary outcome was the risk of incident malignancy. The secondary outcomes were incident malignancy risk in different tertiles of cumulative ESA doses and the risk of different types of cancers. The risk of incident malignancy was 1.84 times higher with ESA treatment than without ESA treatment (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–2.36; p < 0.001). The malignancy risk was positively correlated with the cumulative dose of ESA (p‐for‐trend = 0.001) and a significant difference in the high annual cumulative DDD cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–3.25; p < 0.001). The risk of genitourinary malignancy was 12.55 times higher with ESA treatment than without ESA treatment (HR, 12.55; 95% CI, 5.78–27.24; p < 0.001). ESA usage is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, particularly genitourinary cancers, in patients with CKD or ESRD. Clinicians should be aware of the occurrence of malignancy, and keep ESA dosage as low as possible.
Spatio‐temporal turnover and drivers of bentho‐demersal community and food web structure in a high‐latitude marine ecosystem
Authors: Pecuchet Laurene , Jørgensen Lis Lindal , Dolgov Andrey V. , Eriksen Elena , Husson Berengere , Skern‐Mauritzen Mette , Primicerio Raul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimAssess the spatial and temporal turnover of bentho‐demersal marine fauna by integrating ecological metrics at the community and food web levels and evaluate their main environmental and anthropogenic drivers.LocationBarents Sea.MethodWe analysed data of benthic and bentho‐pelagic fish and megabenthic invertebrates caught in the Barents Sea ecosystem survey in August–September 2009–2017 to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of bentho‐demersal communities and food webs. We used a trait dataset and highly resolved bentho‐demersal food web to calculate community and food web metrics in space and time. We spatially clustered the community and food web based on their properties using archetypal analysis and investigated their co‐variation with environmental and fishing pressure using (hierarchical) redundancy analysis.ResultThe community and food web metrics partitioned the Barents Sea into four sub‐regions where different pressures act on the bentho‐demersal fauna, such as sea ice loss and fisheries. Multiple community metrics (e.g. mean body length and trophic level) varied along an environmental gradient of annual mean sea bottom temperature, trawling intensity and ice‐cover, whereas multiple food web metrics (e.g. nestedness and connectance) varied along an environmental gradient of depth and sediment composition. Communities had higher biomass‐weighted variability in body size and omnivory values in areas where the Atlantic and Arctic water masses mix. Several food web and community metrics co‐varied (e.g. food chain length and mean trophic level). We found no clear temporal trends in the ecological metrics in any of the four sub‐regions, but the metrics had large inter‐annual variability with some local minima or maxima coinciding with high sea temperature and ice‐cover anomalies.ConclusionAnalyses at the community and food web level are seldom integrated in ecological studies, while this integration gives complementary information to assess patterns and drivers of ecosystem state and to better prioritize conservation efforts.
Life history traits modulate the influence of environmental stressors on biodiversity: The case of fireflies, climate and artificial light at night
Authors: Khattar Gabriel , Vaz Stephanie , Braga Pedro Henrique Pereira , Macedo Margarete , Silveira Luiz Felipe Lima da 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimArtificial light at night (ALAN) is an unprecedented stressor recently introduced in the abiotic milieu of natural landscapes. As such, understanding how ALAN and other natural stressors act in concert to shape the spatial distribution of biodiversity is a core goal in conservation ecology. Here, we aim at understanding how ALAN and climate interact with life history traits and courtship signalling systems to dictate the composition of firefly communities in a global biodiversity hotspot.LocationAn extensive elevational gradient in the Atlantic rain forest (Brazil) currently known as the hottest hotspot of fireflies on Earth.MethodsWe used multivariate species distribution models to understand how species traits and courtship signalling systems interact with climate and ALAN to determine species abundance within firefly communities. We also investigated how species‐specific responses to climate and ALAN scale up to determine compositional changes in firefly communities along the elevational gradient.ResultsWe found that climate shapes communities by filtering species according to their body size and trophic position. ALAN dictates the dominant courtship signalling system within communities by affecting the abundance of species that use bioluminescence or a combination of bioluminescence and pheromones in courtship. We also found that associations between beta‐diversity and ALAN were non‐stationary, being higher in regions under low levels of light pollution. This suggests that even incipient increases in ALAN within protected areas can yield fast changes in the composition of firefly communities.Main ConclusionsFirefly responses to climate and ALAN are modulated by traits associated with different facets of their life histories. Given the alarming changes in both stressors predicted for the foreseeable future, our findings indicate that firefly communities are vulnerable to compositional changes even within protected areas.
Host patch quality increases parasitoid locomotor activity despite risk of egg limitation
Authors: Paul Ryan L. , Abram Paul K. , Lee Jana C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Theory predicts that egg load and foraging activity of insects should be positively related. Species that emerge with a low initial egg load and mature additional eggs as they age may limit initial foraging activity to avoid egg limitation. Similarly, females, which deplete their egg supply through oviposition, should decrease activity immediately afterwards and then increase activity as new eggs are matured.
The authors used activity monitors to measure daily locomotor activity separately from exposure to host cues with the stink bug egg parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus. The authors measured activity and egg load as newly emerged wasps aged and tested whether egg depletion from oviposition would reduce activity.
Parasitoid activity increased with age in parallel with egg maturation, with both egg load and activity reaching their maximum about 6–7 days after emergence. Newly emerged wasps began activity later in the day and had lower activity intensity compared with older individuals. When given host experience, females that had laid many offspring, and had thus depleted their egg loads, unexpectedly increased their activity for up to 3 days.
The present study results challenge the generally accepted positive relationship between foraging activity and egg load, suggesting that this relationship may be secondary to host patch quality. The authors provide evidence that host patch quality can influence not only within‐patch but also between‐patch foraging activity.
Plastic responses in activity patterns may allow parasitoids to better exploit rich host environments while minimising foraging costs and decreasing likelihood of egg limitation in low‐quality environments.
Clinician preferences for neurotechnologies in pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Apantaku Glory O. , McDonald Patrick J. , Aguiar Magda , Cabrera Laura Y. , Chiong Winston , Connolly Mary B. , Hrincu Viorica , Ibrahim George M. , Kaal K. Julia , Lawson Ashley , Naftel Robert , Racine Eric , Safari Abdollah , Harrison Mark , Illes Judy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveNovel and minimally invasive neurotechnologies offer the potential to reduce the burden of epilepsy while avoiding the risks of conventional resective surgery. Few neurotechnologies have been tested in randomized controlled trials with pediatric populations, leaving clinicians to face decisions about whether to recommend these treatments with insufficient evidence about the relevant risks and benefits. This study specifically explores the preferences of clinicians for treating pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) with novel neurotechnologies.MethodsA discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) was designed to elicit the preferences of clinicians with experience in treating children with DRE using novel neurotechnological interventions. The preferences for six key attributes used when making treatment decisions (chances of clinically significant improvement in seizures, major and minor risks from intervention, availability of evidence, financial burden for the family, and access to the intervention) were estimated using a conditional logit model. The estimates from this model were then used to predict the adoption of existing novel neurotechnological interventions.ResultsSixty‐eight clinicians completed the survey: 33 neurosurgeons, 28 neurologists, and 7 other clinicians. Most clinicians were working in the United States (74%), and the remainder (26%) in Canada. All attributes, apart from the nearest location with access to the intervention, influenced preferences significantly. The chance of clinically significant improvement in seizures was the most positive influence on clinician preferences, but low‐quality evidence and a higher risk of major complications could offset these preferences. Of the existing neurotechnological interventions, vagus nerve stimulation was predicted to have the highest likelihood of adoption; deep brain stimulation had the lowest likelihood of adoption.SignificanceThe preferences of clinicians are drive primarily by the likelihood of achieving seizure freedom for their patients, but preferences for an intervention are largely eradicated if only low quality of evidence supporting the intervention is available. Until better evidence supporting the use of potentially effective, novel neurotechnologies becomes available, clinicians are likely to prefer more established treatments.
Practical considerations in epilepsy neurostimulation
Authors: Simpson Hugh D. , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Cascino Gregory D. , Fisher Robert S. , Jobst Barbara C. , Sperling Michael R. , Lundstrom Brian N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuromodulation is a key therapeutic tool for clinicians managing patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Multiple devices are available with long‐term follow‐up and real‐world experience. The aim of this review is to give a practical summary of available neuromodulation techniques to guide the selection of modalities, focusing on patient selection for devices, common approaches and techniques for initiation of programming, and outpatient management issues. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (DBS‐ANT), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) are all supported by randomized controlled trials that show safety and a significant impact on seizure reduction, as well as a suggestion of reduction in the risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Significant seizure reductions are observed after 3 months for DBS, RNS, and VNS in randomized controlled trials, and efficacy appears to improve with time out to 7 to 10 years of follow‐up for all modalities, albeit in uncontrolled follow‐up or retrospective studies. A significant number of patients experience seizure‐free intervals of 6 months or more with all three modalities. Number and location of epileptogenic foci are important factors affecting efficacy, and together with comorbidities such as severe mood or sleep disorders, may influence the choice of modality. Programming has evolved—DBS is typically initiated at lower current/voltage than used in the pivotal trial, whereas target charge density is lower with RNS, however generalizable optimal parameters are yet to be defined. Noninvasive brain stimulation is an emerging stimulation modality, although it is currently not used widely. In summary, clinical practice has evolved from those established in pivotal trials. Guidance is now available for clinicians who wish to expand their approach, and choice of neuromodulation technique may be tailored to individual patients based on their epilepsy characteristics, risk tolerance, and preferences.
First report of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Puglia (South‐Eastern Italy)
Authors: Tagarelli Nicola , Avosani Sabina , Tucci Michele , Verrastro Vincenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis is the first report of the presence of the pine tortoise scale Toumeyella parvicornis Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Italian region of Puglia (South‐Eastern Italy). The pine tortoise scale was observed in July 2021 on Pinus pinea in the city of Bari. Pinus halepensis trees growing near infested P. pinea were not found to be infested. None of the monitored plants in the other surveyed municipalities within the region had apparent signs of T. parvicornis infestation. Overall, the rapid expansion of T. parvicornis in the Italian Peninsula represents a serious threat to the Pinus species of the entire Mediterranean basin, thus the development of sustainable integrated management strategies is urgently needed.