bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing better in nature: contrast enhancement by near infrared imaging
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Shaw Joseph A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present paper deals with the question: why is long-distance contrast improved when imaging in the near infrared? This is intimately related to the even broader question, why do we see what we see? The latter is a fundamental general question of optics, connecting the fields of imaging with human and/or camera vision. We first describe the concepts of perception and contrast in general and then discuss the physics background by comparing visible and near infrared images of various natural scenes. Our focus is on the often utilized contrast enhancement in the near infrared range, i.e. on the question of how much clearer we might be able to see if we could see in the near infrared.
Comparative analysis and tests for an improved frequency tuning area-varying electrode considering the influence of fringe capacitance
Authors: Wang Xuetong , Zheng Xudong , Wu Haibin , Shen Yaojie , Liu Guowen , Jin Zhonghe , Ma Zhipeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an improved area-varying tuning electrode with better immunility to fringe capactor is proposed, analyzed and tested, which is mainly used for frequency tuning of micromechanical gyroscopes. Based on the existing area-varying tuning electrode Hu et al (2013 J. Microelectromech. Syst.
22 909–18), this paper firstly analyzes the capacitance of the tuning electrode, and obtains the relationship between the capacitance and the displacement using both the analytic formula and finite element analysis, verifying that the fringe capacitance in area-varying tuning electrode decreases the tuning ability of both up-tuning electrode and down-tuning electrode. Then, parametric scanning method is used to optimize the geometry parameter of the tuning electrode, which reduces the influence of fringe capacitance and increases the tuning ability of the tuning electrode. Contrast experiments and tests are carried with gyroscope samples with tuning electrodes before and after optimizing. The tested mean value of tuning ability of the improved tuning electrode is improved by 95.7% after opimization.
Theoretical study of high-order harmonic generation in solutions
Authors: Xia Chang-Long , Liu Jia-Qi , Lü Ling-Jie , Zeng Ai-Wu , Li Zheng-Liang , Bian Xue-Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in disordered systems is investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We reveal the vital role of Anderson localization in this situation. It allows us to develop a new and efficient sampling method for the large disordered system, which could significantly reduce the computation cost. It can be applied to both pure liquids and solutions. The structures and cutoffs of the harmonic spectrum are simulated with different field strengths and statistical parameters in the solution. Compared with HHG in pure liquids, the harmonic signal changes little in dilute solutions. HHG from different solutes and concentrations is simulated to confirm this point. This should be the first theoretical study on HHG in solutions. Our results shed light on the way to investigate the ultrafast processes in the solution.
Methane detection to 1 ppm using machine learning analysis of atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectra
Authors: Shah Mansouri Tahereh , Wang Hui , Mariotti Davide , Maguire Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Optical emission spectroscopy from a small-volume, 5 μl, atmospheric pressure RF-driven helium plasma was used in conjunction with partial least squares-discriminant analysis for the detection of trace concentrations of methane gas. A limit of detection of 1 ppm was obtained and sample concentrations up to 100 ppm CH4 were classified using a nine-category model. A range of algorithm enhancements were investigated including regularization, simple data segmentation and subset selection, feature selection via Variable Importance in Projection and wavelength variable compression in order to address the high dimensionality and collinearity of spectral emission data. These approaches showed the potential for significant reduction in the number of wavelength variables and the spectral resolution/bandwidth. Wavelength variable compression exhibited reliable predictive performance, with accuracy values >97%, under more challenging multi-session train—test scenarios. Simple modelling of plasma electron energy distribution functions highlights the complex cross-sensitivities between the target methane, its dissociation products and atmospheric impurities and their impact on excitation and emission.
Giant magnetoresistance in spin valves realized by substituting Y-site atoms in Heusler lattice
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Binyuan , Jiang Liwei , Zheng Yisong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
‘All-Heusler’ spin-valve constructed by two half-metallic Heusler electrodes and a non-magnetic Heusler spacer contains two interfaces that have a crucial influence on the magnetoresistance. In order to reduce the disorder at the interface and protect the half metallicity of the electrode at the same region, we propose a scheme to construct a spin valve by replacing the Y-site atoms in the half-metallic Heusler electrode to obtain the corresponding non-magnetic spacer based on the Slater–Pauling rule. In this way, the lattice and band match of the two materials can be ensured naturally. By using Co2FeAl as electrode and Co2ScAl as the spacer materials, we construct the Co2FeAl/Co2ScAl/Co2FeAl(001)-spin valve. Based on the first-principles calculation, the most stable FeAl/CoCo-interface is determined both from the phonon spectra and the formation energy when the spacer Co2ScAl grows on the FeAl-terminated (001) surface of electrode material Co2FeAl. By comparing the projected density of states of the interfacial atoms with the corresponding density of states of the bulk electrode material, only the value of spin-up state of Al changes from 0.17 states/atom/eV to 0.06 states/atom/eV before and after substitution, the half metallicity at the interface is maintained. As a result, the spin-dependent transport properties show significant theoretical magnetoresistance MRop which can reach up to 1010% and much larger than 106% reported before.
Monomeric-to-pentameric aggregation of molecular Cs4PbBr6 halide perovskite: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Wenguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The zero-dimensional halide perovskite, including the molecular state of the halide perovskite represented by A4BX6, has received much attention for their optoelectronic applications. In this manuscript, we employ first-principles calculations to systematically investigate the aggregation of the molecular Cs4PbBr6 halide perovskite. The monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric and pentameric forms of Cs4PbBr6 are constructed. The structures of the aggregates are stabilized via the halogen bonds and the sharing of the A-site cations, and the charge transfer features from the halogen to the cesium species are observed upon the light excitation. Monotonic electronic band gap reductions and systematic red-shifts in the UV–vis absorption spectra are observed as the aggregation shifts to the higher degree. The detailed structural and electronic properties of the aggregates are further examined via the calculation of the Fukui function, electrostatic potential and frontier orbital energy levels. The present study facilitates the fundamental understanding of the higher-degree aggregates of the molecular halide perovskites and their structure-properties relationships for the optoelectronic applications such as the solar cells and photodetectors where the band gaps and the light-absorbing properties are essential.
Development of 2NN MEAM potential for Fe–Al and atomistic investigation of surface and interface properties of the inhibition layer in galvanized Fe
Authors: Chen Kefan , Mun Sungkwang , Baskes Michael , Horstemeyer Mark , Li Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hot-dip Zn coating or galvanizing is an important process for high strength steels that are extensively used in automotive industries. During galvanizing, Fe in the steel substrate quickly reacts with Al that is dissolved in the Zn bath and an inhibition layer is formed. To better understand the formation of the inhibition layer that occurs on a small scale (typically ∼100 nm), it is necessary to understand the physical properties of the interfacial phases on the atomic scale. In the present work, we develop a second nearest neighbor Fe–Al modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potential to calculate the surface and interface properties of the inhibition layer. The as-developed potential is able to well describe the complex crystal structure of the inhibition layer. Also, this potential satisfies three criteria for the experimentally observed phases: phase stability, convex hull, and elastic stability. The calculation results show a negative interfacial energy between Fe and the inhibition layer, a manifestation of the high affinity between Fe and Al. The formation of the inhibition layer on the Fe surface lowers the interfacial energy. Our results also show that the crystal orientation of Fe strongly affects the interfacial energy, and the (110) plane gives the lowest interfacial energy. The work of adhesion is also calculated with the developed MEAM potential, and the results agree well with the results obtained by other methods.
Glutathione-sensitive IPI-549 nanoparticles synergized with photodynamic Chlorin e6 for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Yang Mengjia , Lv Xiaojun , Zhan Siwen , Lu Mengli , Zhang Xueqiong , Qiu Tong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We combined phosphoinositol-3-kinin inhibitor IPI-549 and photodynamic Chlorin e6 (Ce6) on carboxymethyl chitosan to develop a novel drug delivery nanoparticle (NP) system (Ce6/CMCS-DSP-IPI549) and evaluate its glutathione (GSH) sensitivity and targeting ability for breast cancer treatment. The NPs were spherical with a uniform size of 218.8 nm, a stable structure over 7 days. The maximum encapsulation efficiency was 64.42%, and NPs drug loading was 8.05%. The NPs released drugs within tumor cells due to their high GSH concentration, while they maintained structural integrity in normal cells, which have low GSH concentration. The cumulative release rates of IPI-549 and Ce6 at 108 h were 70.67% and 40.35% (at GSH 10 mM) and 8.11% and 2.71% (at GSH 2 μM), respectively. The NPs showed a strong inhibitory effect on 4T1 cells yet did not affect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After irradiation by a 660 nm infrared laser for 72 h, the survival rate of 4T1 cells was 15.51%. Cellular uptake studies indicated that the NPs could accurately release drugs into tumor cells. In addition, the NPs had a good photodynamic effect and promoted the release of reactive oxygen species to damage tumor cells. Overall, the combination therapy of IPI-549 and Ce6 is safe and effective, and may provide a new avenue for the treatment of breast cancer.
Hyperbolic approximation of the BBM equation
Authors: Gavrilyuk Sergey , Shyue Keh-Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is well known that the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equation can be seen as the Euler–Lagrange equation for a Lagrangian expressed in terms of the solution potential. We approximate the Lagrangian by a two-parameter family of Lagrangians depending on three potentials. The corresponding Euler–Lagrange equations can be then written as a hyperbolic system of conservations laws. The hyperbolic BBM system has two genuinely nonlinear eigenfields and one linear degenerate eigenfield. Moreover, it can be written in terms of Riemann invariants. Such an approach conserves the variational structure of the BBM equation and does not introduce the dissipation into the governing equations as it usually happens for the classical relaxation methods. The state-of-the-art numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws such as the Godunov-type methods are used for solving the ‘hyperbolized’ dispersive equations. We find good agreement between the corresponding solutions for the BBM equation and for its hyperbolic counterpart.
Insights into the growth of hexagonal Si crystals using Al-based nano absorber
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hwa , Lee Gang Seok , Ahn Hyung Soo , Lee Jae Hak , Kim Jongseok , Chun Young Tea , Yang Min , Yi Sam Nyung , Hwang Sun-Lyeong , Kim Suck-Whan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough hexagonal (2H) silicon (Si) semiconductors exhibit excellent optical properties owing to their quasi-direct bandgap, their growth conditions, which require extremely high pressures, preclude their widespread use in industrial applications. The current study, therefore, proposes a novel approach for the facile growth of hexagonal Si at atmospheric pressure via a unique phenomenon known as Al-based nano absorber. A mixed-source hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) method was used for the growth of the hexagonal Si single crystals employing a rapid interaction between GaCl3, AlCl, and SiClngases at a high temperature of 1200 °C using a source mixture of Ga, Al, and Si. In this process, the Al-based nano absorber was formed, which resulted in the absorbance of Si atoms, rather than the growth of Al-based nano absorber, to form the Si crystals due to the subsequent lack of GaCl3and AlCl sources. The hexagonal Si structure of these Si crystals was confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Thus, the current study establishes atmospheric pressure mixed-source HVPE as a facile approach for growing various allotropic crystals such as Si, C, or Ge via absorption of other atoms by an Al-based nano absorber.
Database of the effect of stabilizer on the resistivity and thermal conductivity of 20 different commercial REBCO tapes
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Suo Hongli , Wang Lei , Ma Lin , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Zili , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The world’s first database on the effect of stabilizers on the resistivity and thermal conductivity of 20 different commercial REBa2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO) tapes was established. The resistivity and thermal conductivity in the radial and circumferential directions were listed. The charging loss and self-protection ability of 20 different commercial REBCO tapes in the no-insulation coils were evaluated via simulation. By comparing and analyzing the data, the Cu/Ag interface was found to be the most probable primary factor determining the resistivity and thermal conductivity of REBCO tapes. Such a database can support abundant data for the design of the REBCO magnet or even the choice of REBCO switch or current lead. Another goal was to help the REBCO manufacturers find a feasible way to adjust the resistivity and thermal conductivity, thereby meeting different requirements of the REBCO magnet.
Minimal quantum thermal machine in a bandgap environment: non-Markovian features and anti-Zeno advantage
Authors: Xu Meng , Stockburger J T , Kurizki G , Ankerhold J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A minimal model of a quantum thermal machine is analyzed, where a driven two level working medium (WM) is embedded in an environment (reservoir) whose spectrum possesses bandgaps. The transition frequency of the WM is periodically modulated so as to be in alternating spectral overlap with hot or cold reservoirs whose spectra are separated by a bandgap. Approximate and exact treatments supported by analytical considerations yield a complete characterization of this thermal machine in the deep quantum domain. For slow to moderate modulation, the spectral response of the reservoirs is close to equilibrium, exhibiting sideband (Floquet) resonances in the heat currents and power output. In contrast, for faster modulation, strong-coupling and non-Markovian features give rise to correlations between the WM and the reservoirs and between the two reservoirs. Power boost of strictly quantum origin (‘quantum advantage’) is then found for both continuous and segmental fast modulation that leads to the anti-Zeno effect of enhanced spectral reservoir response. Such features cannot be captured by standard Markovian treatments.
More accurate ro-vibrational energies for SiF
+(X
1Σ+) molecule
Authors: Yanar Hilmi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The most appropriate potential energy function for the X
1Σ+ state of SiF+ molecule has been specified by comparing the vibrational energies obtained via special cases of the general molecular potential (GMP) which are Morse, improved Rosen-Morse, modified Rosen-Morse, improved Manning-Rosen and Tietz potentials with the vibrational energies obtained in the presence of improved generalized Pöschl-Teller (IGPT) potential and experimental data. It has been shown that the improved Rosen-Morse potential is better than the other well-known potential energy functions in fitting experimental energies of SiF
+(X
1Σ+) molecule. By using relativistic rotational-vibrational energy eigenvalue relation for Rosen-Morse potential in improved form which is acquired by solving the Dirac equation under the GMP and Pekeris type approximation, the more accurate ro-vibrational energies of SiF
+(X
1Σ+) molecule have been obtained. It has been demonstrated for SiF
+(X
1Σ+) molecule that in order to procure more proper ro-vibrating energies for the SiF
+(X
1Σ+) molecule, a Pekeris-type approach to the centrifugal term is better than the improved Greene-Aldrich in getting more accurate ro-vibrational energies.
BOSS Correlation Function analysis from the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure
Authors: Zhang Pierre , D'Amico Guido , Senatore Leonardo , Zhao Cheng , Cai Yifu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
After calibrating the predictions of the Effective Field
Theory of Large-Scale Structure against several sets of simulations,
as well as implementing a new method to assert the scale cut of the
theory without the use of any simulation, we analyze the Full Shape
of the BOSS Correlation Function. Imposing a prior from Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis on the baryon density, we are able to measure all
the parameters in ΛCDM + massive neutrinos in normal
hierarchy, except for the total neutrino mass, which is just
bounded. When combining the BOSS Full Shape with the Baryon
Acoustic Oscillation measurements from BOSS, 6DF/MGS and eBOSS, we
determine the present day Hubble constant, H
0, the present day
matter fraction, Ωm, the amplitude of the primordial power
spectrum, A
s, and the tilt of the primordial power spectrum,
n
s, to 1.4 %, 4.5 %, 23.5% and 7.6% precision,
respectively, at 68 %-confidence level, finding H
0=68.19 ±
0.99 (km/s)/Mpc, Q
m=0.309± 0.014, ln (1010
A
s
)=3.12+0.21
-0.26 and n
s=0.963+0.062
-0.085, and we
bound the total neutrino mass to 0.87 eV at 95 %-confidence
level. These constraints are fully consistent with Planck results
and the ones obtained from BOSS power spectrum analysis. In
particular, we find no tension in H
0 or σ8 with Planck
measurements, finding consistency at 1.2σ and 0.6σ,
respectively.
Possibility of Searching for Accreting White Dwarfs with the Chinese Space Station Telescope
Authors: Xie Wei , Chen Hai-Liang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accreting WDs are very important for the studies of binary evolution, binary population synthesis and accretion physics. So far, there are a lot of accreting WD binaries with low accretion rates, such as cataclysmic variables, detected by different surveys. However, few accreting WD binaries with high accretion rates have been detected. In this paper, we studied the spectrum properties of accreting WD binaries and investigated whether accreting WD binaries with high accretion rates can be detected by the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST). We found that some accreting WD binaries with high accretion rates can be distinguishable from other types of stars with (NUV − y, u − y), (NUV − r, u − g), (NUV − i, u − g), (NUV − z, u − g) and (NUV − y, u − g) color–color diagrams. Therefore, some accreting WD binaries with high accretion rates can be detected by the CSST.
Fast-ion transport and toroidal rotation response to externally applied magnetic perturbations at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Cano-Megias P. , Viezzer E. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Sanchis L. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Cruz-Zabala D.J. , McDermott R.M. , Rivero-Rodriguez J.F. , Snicker A. , Suttrop W.A. , Willensdorfer M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of 3D magnetic perturbations (MPs) on fast-ion confinement, and its impact on the toroidal rotation velocity profile. Two low collisionality H-mode experiments carried out at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak have been analysed. The two discharges feature different magnetic field helicity (q
95), and differences in the velocity-space and level of fast-ion losses are observed. A new analysis technique has been developed that sheds light on the dependencies between fast-ion losses and toroidal rotation, providing for the first time correlation patterns resolved in radius and velocity space of the lost fast-ions. The correlation intensifies towards the plasma edge and is strongly dependent on the orbit topology of the lost fast-ions. The ASCOT orbit following code has been used to characterize the fast-ion resonant transport and beam driven torques, using the vacuum approach and including plasma response (PR). The change of the toroidal canonical momentum, which serves as figure of merit for resonant fast-ion transport, has been calculated with ASCOT. The beam geometry and q
95 are found to have a strong impact on the fast-ion transport and losses. The fast-ion transport induced by the MPs affects the beam driven torques. The effect of the changes of the j × B and collisional torques on plasma rotation is analysed using the torques simulated by ASCOT and simple momentum balance calculations. For the low q
95 = 3.8 discharge, which benefits from a resonant amplification, we find excellent agreement with the measured variation of the toroidal velocity. For the high q
95 = 5.5 discharge, the inclusion of the PR improves the comparison with experimental data with respect to the vacuum estimation, but still some differences with experiments are observed. This suggests that other non-resonant effects could play a role for the determination of the toroidal rotation profile.
A study of non-linear Langevin dynamics under non-Gaussian noise with quartic cumulant
Authors: Jana Chandan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a non-linear Langevin equation in presence of non-Gaussian noise originating from non-linear bath. We claim, the parameters in the Langevin equation are not physical. The physical parameters are obtained from a path-integral description of the system, where the Langevin parameters are related to the physical parameters by renormalisation flow equations. Then we compute both numerically and analytically the velocity two point function and show that it saturates to the bath temperature even in presence of non-linearity. We also find the velocity four point function numerically and show that it saturates to the analytically evaluated thermal velocity four point function when the non-linear fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) Chakrabarty and Chaudhuri (2019 SciPost Phys.
7 013) is satisfied. When the non-linear FDR, which is a manifestation of time reversibility of thermal bath, is violated then the system does not seem to thermalise. Rather, its velocity four point function settles to a steady state.