bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Kouakou Jocelin Kimou , Ollo Kambiré , Sylvestre Koffi Konan , Kouakou Etienne Kouadio , Souleymane Koné , Lassiné Ouattara 
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the electrochemical behavior of iohexol in its commercial formulation omnipaque on a boron-doped diamond electrode using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The dependence of the anodic peak current density vs. iohexol concentration is linear and can be applied to the determination of the substrate concentration in environmental samples and pharmaceuticals. The iohexol electrooxidation on boron-doped diamond electrode is diffusion-controlled process and proceed via two ways: a direct electron transfers at the surface of boron-doped diamond electrode and an indirect oxidation mediated by in situ oxidative species. The iohexol electrooxidation in pH range from 2 to 6 includes exchange of 4 electrons and 1 proton, at pH superior to 6 it includes an exchanged of 2 electrons and 1 proton. The values of activation energy, anodic transfer coefficient, heterogenous rate constant, diffusion coefficient and the catalytic rate constant were 14.164 kJ mol-1, 0.428, 1.06 s-1, 4.47 cm2 s-1 and 3.61 M-1 s-1 respectively. It appears from those results that, on our electrode, for the high potential scan rates, few actives sites mainly those located at the electrode surface are involved in the iohexol oxidation process. As the potential scan rate decreases, more actives sites are involved in the process.
Isolated Pattern of Microorganism among Pediatric Patients with Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) in a Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi
Authors: Khan Faiza , Khan Maqsood Ahmed , Alam Shazia , Zeb-Un-Nisa . , Kafeel Bisma , Shumail . , Shafiq Sara , Gulraiz Muhammad , Shahnaz Saira 
Published: March 2022

Background: The Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common condition with inflammation of lungs. The patients on mechanical ventilation or artificial breathings for 48 to 72 hours tend to developed this condition., which is a type of Nosocomial Pneumonia.
Objective: To assess the causative agent and treatment pattern among the patients suffering from ventilator associated pneumonia.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted for the period of 8 months at a tertiary health care setup of the Karachi Pakistan among the patient’s with VAP. Total of 72 patients with confirmed diagnosis of VAP were included in the study. Data was collected from the children intensive care units on a structed questionnaire. The required variables were obtained from the patients files/Records after the ethical approval was obtained before the collection of data Results were evaluated using the SPSS version 20.0.
Results: The study found out that the VAP is most type of hospital acquired pneumonia form the health care system., showed 59.8% (n=61) males and 34.3% (n=35) females’ patients with VAP diagnosis. The age group revealed majority of the patients 46.1% (n=47) were 0–1-year-old, 11.8% (n=12) patients were above 2- 3 years old. 18.6% patients (n=19) were >3 years-4years old. The study also assesses ventilators support >48 hours have around 20-30% (Mean 6.9 days CI: 1.16-3.65) chance to develop the VAP. The subsequent effects of VAP shows the two-fold rates of mortality hence requiring the more length of stay at hospital and extra charges.
Conclusion: The VAP occurs among the considerable numbers of patients on the ventilator supports, the findings suggests that an appropriate management, prevention strategies and effective treatment is needed to reduces the mortality and complications of VAP.
Sphaerochaetaceae
Authors: Nazina Tamara N. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , Grouzdev Denis S. , Löffler Frank E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Sphae.ro.chae.ta.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Sphaerochaeta
type genus of the family; L. suff. –
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Sphaerochaetaceae
the family of the genus
Sphaerochaeta
.

Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Sphaerochaetaceae

The family
Sphaerochaetaceae
accommodates the genera
Sphaerochaeta, Parasphaerochaeta,
and
Pleomorphochaeta
. Pleomorphic, anaerobic spirochetes with fermentative metabolisms. Gram‐negative spherical or pleomorphic cells occur singly, in pairs, or assembled in aggregates. Motile cells with spiral (helical) morphology are rare but may occur in the growth cycle in some species. Mesophilic or psychrophilic. Freshwater and marine; some species are halotolerant. Neutrophilic. Chemoorganoheterotrophic anaerobes. Fermentative growth is observed with carbohydrates including pentose and hexose monosaccharides, disaccharides, and soluble starch. Carbohydrate fermentation yields various products including acetate. No growth with cellulose or via H
2
/CO
2
reductive acetogenesis. May require yeast extract for growth. Oxidase‐negative. Isoprenoid quinones absent. Genome sizes range from 2.2 to 3.6 Mb. Free‐living, in microbial assemblages, or host associated.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 28.7–51 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Sphaerochaeta
Ritalahti et al. 2012
VP
emend. Abt et al. 2012, Miyazaki et al. 2014, Arroua et al. 2017, Bidzhieva et al. 2020.
Achieving 16% Efficiency for Polythiophene Organic Solar Cells with a Cyano‐Substituted Polythiophene
Authors: Yuan Xiyue , Zhao Yunli , Zhang Yue , Xie Dongsheng , Deng Wanyuan , Li Junyu , Wu Hongbin , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolythiophenes (PTs) are promising electron donors in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple structures and excellent synthetic scalability. However, the device performance of PT‐based OSCs is rather poor due mainly to large photon energy losses and an unfavorable active layer morphology. Herein, the authors report a new PT, which is abbreviated as P5TCN‐2F and features cyano‐group substituents for high‐efficiency OSCs. The cyano‐group endows P5TCN‐2F with a deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, which thereby contributed to high open‐circuit voltage in OSCs as a result of reduced non‐radiative recombination energy loss. Moreover, the cyano‐group leads to strong interchain interaction, improved polymer crystallinity, and appropriate miscibility with the prevailing non‐fullerene acceptors. Consequently, P5TCN‐2F offers over 15% power conversion efficiency when blended with various Y‐series non‐fullerene acceptors (Y6, Y6‐BO, eC9, and L8‐BO). Particularly, a champion efficiency of 16.1% is obtained by the P5TCN‐2F:Y6 blend, which is largely higher than that of any previous PT‐based OSCs. Moreover, the average figure of merit of the active layer based on P5TCN‐2F is much superior to that of benzodithiophene‐based polymers. These results suggest the renaissance of PT‐based OSCs and have opened an avenue to access high‐performance materials for the large‐scale production of OSC modules.
Thermoplasmonics in Solar Energy Conversion: Materials, Nanostructured Designs, and Applications
Authors: Yang Bei , Li Chenyu , Wang Zhifeng , Dai Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe indispensable requirement for sustainable development of human society has forced almost all countries to seek highly efficient and cost‐effective ways to harvest and convert solar energy. Though continuous progress has advanced, it remains a daunting challenge to achieve full‐spectrum solar absorption and maximize the conversion efficiency of sunlight. Recently, thermoplasmonics has emerged as a promising solution, which involves several beneficial effects including enhanced light absorption and scattering, generation and relaxation of hot carriers, as well as localized/collective heating, offering tremendous opportunities for optimized energy conversion. Besides, all these functionalities can be tailored via elaborated designs of materials and nanostructures. Here, first the fundamental physics governing thermoplasmonics is presented and then the strategies for both material selection and nanostructured designs toward more efficient energy conversion are summarized. Based on this, recent progress in thermoplasmonic applications including solar evaporation, photothermal chemistry, and thermophotovoltaic is reviewed. Finally, the corresponding challenges and prospects are discussed.
Polymer‐Functionalized Mitochondrial Transplantation to Plaque Macrophages as a Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Haoran , Wu Suhong , Lee Hyunho , Baudo Gherardo , Massaro Matteo , Zhang Aijun , Hamilton Dale J. , Blanco Elvin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pro‐inflammatory microenvironment that contributes to atherosclerotic plaque progression is sustained by M1 macrophages. Metabolic reprogramming toward heightened glycolysis accompanies M1 macrophage polarization, with approaches aimed at lessening glycolytic metabolism in macrophages standing to impact disease progression. The objective is to decrease the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic lesions by inducing favorable metabolic phenotypes in macrophages using an innovative mitochondrial transplantation strategy. The hypothesis is that delivery of mitochondria, functionalized with a dextran and triphenylphosphonium (Dextran‐TPP) polymer conjugate for enhanced cellular transplantation, to atherosclerotic plaques properly regulates M1 macrophage bioenergetics, attenuating inflammatory processes and preventing plaque progression. Dextran‐TPP mitochondria transplantation to M1 macrophages has profound effects on cell bioenergetics, resulting in increased oxygen consumption rate and reduced glycolytic flux that coincides with a decreased inflammatory response. Upon intravenous delivery to ApoE−/− mice fed a high fat diet, Dextran‐TPP mitochondria accumulate in aortic plaques and co‐localize with macrophages. Importantly, Dextran‐TPP mitochondria treatment reduces the plaque burden in ApoE−/− mice, improving cholesterol levels, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Findings highlight Dextran‐TPP mitochondria as a novel biological particle for the treatment of atherosclerosis, underlining the potential for macrophage metabolic regulation as a therapy in other diseases.
Macroscale Robust Superlubricity on Metallic NbB2
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Chang , Miao Kaifei , Zhang Kan , Zheng Weitao , Chen Changfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRobust superlubricity (RSL), defined by concurrent superlow friction and wear, holds great promise for reducing material and energy loss in vast industrial and technological operations. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in finding materials that exhibit RSL on macrolength and time scales and possess vigorous electrical conduction ability. Here, the discovery of RSL is reported on hydrated NbB2 films that exhibit vanishingly small coefficient of friction (0.001–0.006) and superlow wear rate (≈10−17 m3 N−1 m−1) on large length scales reaching millimeter range and prolonged time scales lasting through extensive loading durations. Moreover, the measured low resistivity (≈10−6 Ω m) of the synthesized NbB2 film indicates ample capability for electrical conduction, extending macroscale RSL to hitherto largely untapped metallic materials. Pertinent microscopic mechanisms are elucidated by deciphering the intricate load‐driven chemical reactions that generate and sustain the observed superlubricating state and assessing the strong stress responses under diverse strains that produce the superior durability.
Mantle cell lymphoma in 2022—A comprehensive update on molecular pathogenesis, risk stratification, clinical approach, and current and novel treatments
Authors: Jain Preetesh , Wang Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe field of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has witnessed remarkable progress due to relentless advances in molecular pathogenesis, prognostication, and newer treatments. MCL consists of a spectrum of clinical subtypes. Rarely, atypical cyclin D1‐negative MCL and in situ MCL neoplasia are identified. Prognostication of MCL is further refined by identifying somatic mutations (such as TP53, NSD2, KMT2D), methylation status, chromatin organization pattern, SOX‐11 expression, minimal residual disease (MRD), and genomic clusters. Lymphoid tissue microenvironment studies demonstrated the role of B‐cell receptor signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), colony‐stimulating factor (CSF)‐1, the CD70‐SOX‐11 axis. Molecular mechanism of resistance, mutation dynamics, and pathogenic pathways (B‐cell receptor (BCR), oxidative phosphorylation, and MYC) were identified in mediating resistance to various treatments (bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors [ibrutinib, acalabrutinib]. Treatment options range from conventional chemoimmunotherapy and stem cell transplantation (SCT) to targeted therapies against BTK (covalent and noncovalent), Bcl2, ROR1, cellular therapy such as anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CAR‐T), and most recently bispecific antibodies against CD19 and CD20. MCL patients frequently relapse. Complex pathogenesis and the management of patients with progression after treatment with BTK/Bcl2 inhibitors and CAR‐T (triple‐resistant MCL) remain a challenge. Next‐generation clinical trials incorporating newer agents and concurrent translational and molecular investigations are ongoing.
Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Access to Diastereoselective Benzo[5,6]oxepino[2,3‐c]pyrroles via Formal (5+2)‐Annulation of Donor‐/Acceptor‐Type Aryl Vinyl Diazosuccinimide with Ketones
Authors: Laha Debasish , Meher Kajal B. , Bankar Onkar S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA silver triflimide catalyzed one‐pot protocol for the diastereoselective synthesis of dihydrobenzoxepines has been developed. Silver triflimide was found to be an efficient catalyst for the formal (5+2)‐cycloaddition to access dihydrobenzoxepines as a single diastereomer using vinyl diazosuccinimides as 5‐C‐synthons and ketones. An unmet challenge of utilizing the donor‐/acceptor‐type vinyl diazosuccinimides as 5‐C‐synthons under silver‐catalysis is presented. This protocol was found to be highly regio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselective, and works well with aliphatic as well as aromatic methyl ketones bearing electron deactivating as well as donating groups to afford dihydrobenzo[5,6]oxepino[2,3‐c]pyrroles. The control experiments and time‐dependent NMR studies revealed the plausible mechanism of this transformation. The protocol also proved to be scalable on the gram‐scale synthesis.
Dismutation von Tricyanoborblei‐Verbindungen: Das homoleptische Tetrakis(tricyanoboryl)plumbat‐Tetraanion
Authors: Häring Mathias , Kerpen Christoph , Ribbeck Tatjana , Hennig Philipp T. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Finze Maik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEine Serie unerwartet luftstabiler Tricyanoborylplumbat‐Anionen wurde ausgehend vom Bor‐zentrierten Nukleophil B(CN)32− und Triorganylbleihalogeniden erhalten. Unterschiedliche an der Luft und bei Raumtemperatur stabile Salze mit den Anionen [R3PbB(CN)3]− (R=Ph, Et) wurden isoliert. Die Reaktionen ausgehend von Me3PbHal (Hal=Cl, Br) lieferten Mischungen der Anionen [Me4−nPb{B(CN)3}n]n− (n=1, 2). Das [Et3PbB(CN)3]−‐Ion dismutiert in wässriger Lösung stufenweise zu [Et4−nPb{B(CN)3}n]n− (n=2–4) mit PbEt4 als Nebenprodukt. Die Geschwindigkeit der Umsetzungen steigt mit abnehmendem pH‐Wert des wässrigen Reaktionsmediums oder beim Durchleiten von O2. Die selektive Synthese von Salzen mit den Anionen [Et4−nPb{B(CN)3}n]n− (n=1–4) einschließlich des homoleptischen Tetraanions [Pb{B(CN)3}4]4− wurde durch Anpassen der Reaktionsbedingungen erreicht.
Beta cyclodextrin modified polyvinylidene fluoride adsorptive mixed matrix membranes for removal of Congo red
Authors: Ndlovu Lloyd N. , Malatjie Kgolofelo I. , Chabalala Mandla B. , Mishra Ajay K. , Mishra Shivani B. , Nxumalo Edward N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work reports the adsorptive removal of congo red using as‐fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes modified with beta cyclodextrin (β–CD). Diverse techniques were used to characterize the membranes' performance and microstructural and morphological properties. The effect of pH, dye initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time on adsorption efficiency were investigated. Filtration studies were carried out using a dead‐end cell. The results showed that the introduction of β–CD in membrane matrix improved membrane performance, adsorption, and filtration properties. Bulk porosity increased from 61.46% to 87.55% and contact angle decreased from 84.170 to 67.930. Water flux at 1 bar improved from 12.42 to 269.08 L.m−2.hr−1. Maximum adsorption for congo red was obtained at pH 7, with PVDF/β–CD membranes removing 96.15% and pristine PVDF removing 54.27% of congo red. The adsorptive removal of congo red was best described by the pseudo‐second order kinetics and best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. According to the findings, the adsorption mechanism is credited to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and inclusion complexation introduced by β–CD molecules. The dye removal efficiency through filtration was 77.28%. This work indicates that the PVDF/β–CD membranes can be used in the removal of anionic dyes from wastewater through adsorption and filtration techniques. Thus, the distinctiveness of this work is on the mechanistic characteristics of adsorptive mixed matrix PVDF/β–CD membranes on removal of Congo red.
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles using a green solvent
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Cran Marlene J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiopolymer nanoparticles (NPs) produced from poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) are typically formed by first dissolving the polymer in organic solvents. In order to eliminate the use of toxic solvents, an alternative “green” solvent system using glacial acetic acid was used in this study for the preparation of NPs via nanoprecipitation. The influence of various factors on the resulting particle size was investigated including the use of an emulsifying agent, temperatures of stock and receiving solutions, and concentration of stock solution. The addition of emulsifier significantly reduced the NP size, whereas temperature had minimal influence on the particle size over the tested range. By varying the concentration of the stock solution, the size of the NPs can be adequately controlled. The minimum size of NPs prepared using a stock solution of 0.5 ml at 80°C into a 100 ml receiving solution was 70 nm with a narrow size distribution. Imaging by scanning electron microscopy revealed smooth spherical NPs and thermal and structural analysis showed only minor changes in properties in comparison with the source PHBV powder. Overall, the results show that glacial acetic acid is an appropriate alternative solvent for the dissolution of PHBV and the subsequent formation of biopolymer NPs.
Effect of pyrolysis carbon black and carbon nanotubes on properties of natural rubber conductive composites
Authors: Yan Gang , Han Deshang , Li Wenchao , Qiu Jian , Jiang Chaojie , Li Li , Wang Chuansheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCarbon based materials with excellent conductivity such as conductive carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are often used in the preparation of conductive polymer composites. Pyrolysis carbon black, as a recycled material of waste rubber, can be used as a substitute for other carbon black in some fields, which can greatly reduce the production cost and promote reuse of used rubber. In this article, pyrolysis carbon black is mixed with CNT and added to natural rubber by mechanical blending method to get the composite material. The synergistic effect of pyrolysis carbon black and CNT, 3D network structure and formation of conductive network are investigated, and the properties of composites are analyzed. The results show that the 3D “grape cluster” network structure formed by the synergistic action of the pyrolysis carbon black and CNT, which led to the improvement of the curing properties and mechanical properties of the composites, increase the Payne effect, decrease the dispersion of the filler, and significant reduction the volume resistivity of the composites. With the increasing of CNT content, the variation of the properties of the composites changed and stabilized. In general, when 40 phr pyrolysis carbon black and 4 phr CNT are mixed into rubber matrix, the composite has the best comprehensive performance, and the volume resistivity is 9.25E5. Our results provide new thoughts in preparing natural rubber conductive composites. By adding highly CNT and inexpensive pyrolysis carbon black, the problem of easy aggregation of a single filler is overcome, which is more economical than adding two highly conductive fillers, and the process is simpler and time‐saving compared to the modified solution. More studies need to be done in order to reveal the effects of pyrolysis carbon black in practical conductive composites.
Improving the swelling, mechanical, and electrical properties in natural rubber latex/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Effect of the sonication method
Authors: Barbosa Rafael , Gonçalves Roger , Tozzi Kaique Afonso , Saccardo Matheus Colovati , Zuquello Ariel Gustavo , Scuracchio Carlos Henrique 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConductive polymeric composites are exciting for future electronic applications given the possibility to ally electrical conductivity and flexibility. However, the high viscosity of plasticized elastomers difficult the dispersion of conductive fillers in an elastomeric matrix is difficult. This research aimed to compare the use of bath or probe sonication to disperse multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the lower‐viscosity natural rubber latex. The MWCNT concentration varied from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, and the coagulated compounds were vulcanized after compounding in a two‐roll mill. Nanocomposite's swelling behavior was determined by Flory–Rehner crosslink density and Kraus theory, indicating better dispersion in probe sonication, which also was conducted in lesser time and applied lower energy than bath sonication. This result is evidenced through tensile strength and hardness tests, as the better MWCNT dispersion improved the reinforcement due to greater filler–matrix interaction. The electrical response was obtained by impedance spectroscopy, with higher conductivities also found in tip‐sonicated samples. In addition, cyclic strain fatigue test was realized from 20% to 100% strain during 20,000 cycles with simultaneous impedance measurement, reinforcing the better distribution of MWCNT in the probe‐sonicated nanocomposites with higher tensile stress (Payne's effect) and conductivity retention than bath sonicated.