bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary Event on Carbonate Productivity of a Tethyan Platform and Slope
Authors: Fleischmann Sarah , Picotti Vincenzo , Caves Rugenstein Jeremy K. , Cobianchi Miriam , Bernasconi Stefano M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explore the effects of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary Event (P–ToBE) on tropical carbonate productivity in the interior to margin and slope of the Venetian Platform (Northern Italy). We document the P–ToBE for the first time in the shallow‐water platform margin, and we bio‐ and chemostratigraphically tie it to transgressive/regressive cycles. Following the latest Pliensbachian sea‐level drop and emersion, transgressive grainstones at the platform edge record the P–ToBE negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 1–1.5‰, also found in marl/limestone couplets on the slope. Recovery of platform productivity was ephemeral, as the platform drowned right after the peak negative CIE and was covered by deep‐sea thin‐bedded micritic limestones. The end of the P–ToBE correlates with a regression and renewed recovery of carbonate productivity. The negative CIE of the subsequent Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event is recorded in open‐sea cherty limestones both at the marginal and interior platform. These limestones document an even wider transgression and the renewed partial drowning of the platform in the Serpentinus Zone. We investigate the causes of the carbon perturbation at the P–ToBE, using a simple carbon cycle model. The duration and magnitude of the CIE suggest a rapid release of methane in driving the CIE, perhaps related to the preceding sea‐level drop and associated cryosphere perturbation, or to thermogenic alteration of coals near the Karoo‐Ferrar Large Igneous Province (LIP). The extent of the warming and the magnitude of the P–ToBE CIE implies a contribution of volcanogenic carbon dioxide from the Karoo‐Ferrar LIP.
Source Characteristics and Exacerbated Tsunami Hazard of the 2020 Mw 6.9 Samos Earthquake in Eastern Aegean Sea
Authors: Hu Gui , Feng Wanpeng , Wang Yuchen , Li Linlin , He Xiaohui , Karakaş Çağıl , Tian Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOn 30 October 2020, an Mw 6.9 normal faulting earthquake occurred off the northern coasts of Samos Island, Greece. The earthquake with moderate magnitude generated the largest tsunami in the eastern Mediterranean since the 1956 Amorgos event. Here, we investigate the earthquake source characteristics and examine the factors contributing to the exacerbated tsunami using an integrated approach, including the source inversion from InSAR and GPS data, tsunami simulation, and spectral analysis of tsunami waveforms. The results show that a set of conjugate faults, determined in this study, can explain the geodetic surface deformation equally well. Our tsunami modeling results indicate that the shallow north‐dipping fault was most likely responsible for the mainshock. With the key features of our preferred source models, we infer that the tsunami was intensified by several conditions: (a) the spatial distribution of major coseismic slips coincided with the deepest portion of the Samos Basin which served as an energy reservoir for the tsunami generation; (b) the tsunami was generated in a semi‐closed bay which trapped most of the tsunami energy; (c) the east‐west orientation of the mainshock fault and the location of the concentrated coseismic slips directed the majority of the tsunami energy toward Sığacık Bay, which formed the extremely high tsunami of 3.8 m; (d) the primary tsunami wave period, close to natural oscillation frequency of the harbor, resulted in the observed significant oscillation. We conclude that the tsunami of the 2020 Samos earthquake was exacerbated by both the source characteristics and tsunami resonance property.
Holocene Paleosecular Variations Recorded by Relict Magnetic Minerals in the Anoxic Black Sea Sediments
Authors: Liu Jiabo , Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Jiang Xiaodong , Zhong Yi , Wirth Richard , Liu Qingsong , Arz Helge W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous paleosecular variations reconstructed from sedimentary archives have remarkably deepened our insights into the dynamics of the Earth's magnetic field as well as the chronological purpose. Nevertheless, to construct reliable sedimentary paleomagnetic records in diagenetic reducing sediments is challenging generally due to the pervasive magnetic mineral diagenesis. The relict magnetic minerals are residuals after diagenesis and probably able to record a depositional remanent magnetization, thus it is worthy to explore their paleomagnetic potentials. For this study, two Black Sea sediment cores covering the past 8 ka were subjected to mineralogical and paleo‐ and rock magnetic analyses. Paramagnetic pyrite framboids are pervasive in the studied sediments deposited under anoxic bottom water conditions in the Black Sea. In addition, relict magnetic minerals of ferrous hemoilmenite, Fe‐Mn and Fe‐Cr spinels, and magnetite inclusions are also present in the studied cores. Compared to the previous published paleomagnetic results from the same cores over the last glacial period (20–30 ka) which are dominated by detrital (titano‐)magnetite particles, the studied relict magnetic mineral samples exhibit a similar behavior in recording the depositional remanent magnetization. Furthermore, the obtained paleosecular variations spanning the past 8 ka reproduce the high intensity patterns observed in the regional archeomagnetic and volcanic datasets. Thus, the successful reconstruction of paleomagnetic secular variations from the anoxic Black Sea sediments greatly extend the application of paleomagnetism in sediments deposited in water with a reducing sub‐surface environments from where paleomagnetic data are generally sparse.
The scaffold protein NEDD9 is necessary for leukemia-cell migration and disease progression in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rusyn Lisa , Reinartz Sebastian , Nikiforov Anastasia , Mikhael Nelly , vom Stein Alexander , Kohlhas Viktoria , Bloehdorn Johannes , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Lohneis Philipp , Buettner Reinhard , Robrecht Sandra , Fischer Kirsten , Pallasch Christian , Hallek Michael , Nguyen Phuong-Hien , Seeger-Nukpezah Tamina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe scaffold protein NEDD9 is frequently upregulated and hyperphosphorylated in cancers, and is associated with poor clinical outcome. NEDD9 promotes B-cell adhesion, migration and chemotaxis, pivotal processes for malignant development. We show that global or B-cell-specific deletion of Nedd9 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) mouse models delayed CLL development, markedly reduced disease burden and resulted in significant survival benefit. NEDD9 was required for efficient CLL cell homing, chemotaxis, migration and adhesion. In CLL patients, peripheral NEDD9 expression was associated with adhesion and migration signatures as well as leukocyte count. Additionally, CLL lymph nodes frequently expressed high NEDD9 levels, with a subset of patients showing NEDD9 expression enriched in the CLL proliferation centers. Blocking activity of prominent NEDD9 effectors, including AURKA and HDAC6, effectively reduced CLL cell migration and chemotaxis. Collectively, our study provides evidence for a functional role of NEDD9 in CLL pathogenesis that involves intrinsic defects in adhesion, migration and homing.
Diaphragmatic electromyography during a spontaneous breathing trial to predict extubation failure in preterm infants
Authors: Williams Emma E. , Arattu Thodika Fahad M. S. , Chappelow Imogen , Chapman-Hatchett Nicole , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Premature attempts at extubation and prolonged episodes of ventilatory support in preterm infants have adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether measuring the electrical activity of the diaphragm during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) could predict extubation failure in preterm infants.

Methods
When infants were ready for extubation, the electrical activity of the diaphragm was measured by transcutaneous electromyography (EMG) before and during a SBT when the infants were on endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure.

Results
Forty-eight infants were recruited (median (IQR) gestational age of 27.2 (25.6–30.4) weeks). Three infants did not pass the SBT and 13 failed extubation. The amplitude of the EMG increased during the SBT [2.3 (1.5–4.2) versus 3.5 (2.1–5.3) µV; p < 0.001]. In the whole cohort, postmenstrual age (PMA) was the strongest predictor for extubation failure (area under the curve (AUC) 0.77). In infants of gestational age <29 weeks, the percentage change of the EMG predicted extubation failure with an AUC of 0.74 while PMA was not associated with the outcome of extubation.

Conclusions
In all preterm infants, PMA was the strongest predictor of extubation failure; in those born <29 weeks of gestation, diaphragmatic electromyography during an SBT was the best predictor of extubation failure.

Impact

Composite assessments of readiness for extubation may be beneficial in the preterm population.

Diaphragmatic electromyography measured by surface electrodes is a non-invasive technique to assess the electrical activity of the diaphragm.

Postmenstrual age was the strongest predictor of extubation outcome in preterm infants.

The change in diaphragmatic activity during a spontaneous breathing trial in extremely prematurely born infants can predict subsequent extubation failure with moderate sensitivity and specificity.
Porous microcapsules encapsulating β cells generated by microfluidic electrospray technology for diabetes treatment
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Yu Yunru , Liu Dechen , Li Jingbo , Sun Ji , Wei Qiong , Zhao Yuanjin , Pandol S. J. , Li Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide and needs effective clinical treatment methods. β-Cell replacement therapy has become a safe alternative for diabetes treatment in recent years, and encapsulation methods have been proposed to facilitate this type of therapy. Here, we used coaxial microfluidic electrospray technology to generate microcapsules allowing high cell viability (>90%) with porous alginate shells and β cell-containing cores in less than half an hour. Benefitting from microfluidic electrospray, the sizes of the generated microcapsules were adjustable. The biocompatible porous hydrogel shell not only protected β cells from immune rejection but also allowed the exchange of small molecular nutrients during transplantation, and the liquid core guaranteed the high viability of the encapsulated cells. This constructed living cell biosystem further demonstrated its potential as an artificial islet after transplantation into the omental pouches of diabetic mice to control blood glucose levels and thus treat diabetes. We consider that this system, with an elaborate structure and an abundance of highly viable encapsulated β cells to improve treatment performance, could be applied in a wide range of clinical situations.
Beating Carnot efficiency with periodically driven chiral conductors
Authors: Ryu Sungguen , López Rosa , Serra Llorenç , Sánchez David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClassically, the power generated by an ideal thermal machine cannot be larger than the Carnot limit. This profound result is rooted in the second law of thermodynamics. A hot question is whether this bound is still valid for microengines operating far from equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate that a quantum chiral conductor driven by AC voltage can indeed work with efficiencies much larger than the Carnot bound. The system also extracts work from common temperature baths, violating Kelvin-Planck statement. Nonetheless, with the proper definition, entropy production is always positive and the second law is preserved. The crucial ingredients to obtain efficiencies beyond the Carnot limit are: i) irreversible entropy production by the photoassisted excitation processes due to the AC field and ii) absence of power injection thanks to chirality. Our results are relevant in view of recent developments that use small conductors to test the fundamental limits of thermodynamic engines.
The immune checkpoint B7x expands tumor-infiltrating Tregs and promotes resistance to anti-CTLA-4 therapy
Authors: John Peter , Pulanco Marc C. , Galbo Phillip M. , Wei Yao , Ohaegbulam Kim C. , Zheng Deyou , Zang Xingxing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint molecules play critical roles in regulating the anti-tumor immune response, and tumor cells often exploit these pathways to inhibit and evade the immune system. The B7-family immune checkpoint B7x is widely expressed in a broad variety of cancer types, and is generally associated with advanced disease progression and poorer clinical outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that transduction and stable expression of B7x in multiple syngeneic tumor models leads to the expansion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, B7x does not cause increased proliferation of Tregs in tumors, but instead promotes the conversion of conventional CD4+ T cells into Tregs. Further, we find that B7x induces global transcriptomic changes in Tregs, driving these cells to adopt an activated and suppressive phenotype. B7x increases the expression of the Treg-specific transcription factor Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells by modulating the Akt/Foxo pathway. B7x-mediated regulation of Tregs reduces the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 treatment, a therapeutic that partially relies on Treg-depletion. However, combination treatment of anti-B7x and anti-CTLA-4 leads to synergistic therapeutic efficacy and overcomes the B7x-mediated resistance to anti-CTLA-4. Altogether, B7x mediates an immunosuppressive Treg-promoting pathway within tumors and is a promising candidate for combination immunotherapy.
Regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD)-mediated reprograming of lipid metabolism in cancer
Authors: Almanza Aitor , Mnich Katarzyna , Blomme Arnaud , Robinson Claire M. , Rodriguez-Blanco Giovanny , Kierszniowska Sylwia , McGrath Eoghan P. , Le Gallo Matthieu , Pilalis Eleftherios , Swinnen Johannes V. , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Chevet Eric , Gorman Adrienne M. , Samali Afshin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIRE1α is constitutively active in several cancers and can contribute to cancer progression. Activated IRE1α cleaves XBP1 mRNA, a key step in production of the transcription factor XBP1s. In addition, IRE1α cleaves select mRNAs through regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD). Accumulating evidence implicates IRE1α in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the roles of XBP1s and RIDD in this process remain ill-defined. In this study, transcriptome and lipidome profiling of triple negative breast cancer cells subjected to pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α reveals changes in lipid metabolism genes associated with accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). We identify DGAT2 mRNA, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in TAG biosynthesis, as a RIDD target. Inhibition of IRE1α, leads to DGAT2-dependent accumulation of TAGs in lipid droplets and sensitizes cells to nutritional stress, which is rescued by treatment with the DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439. Our results highlight the importance of IRE1α RIDD activity in reprograming cellular lipid metabolism.
Stress-induced protein disaggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum catalysed by BiP
Authors: Melo Eduardo Pinho , Konno Tasuku , Farace Ilaria , Awadelkareem Mosab Ali , Skov Lise R. , Teodoro Fernando , Sancho Teresa P. , Paton Adrienne W. , Paton James C. , Fares Matthew , Paulo Pedro M. R. , Zhang Xin , Avezov Edward 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProtein synthesis is supported by cellular machineries that ensure polypeptides fold to their native conformation, whilst eliminating misfolded, aggregation prone species. Protein aggregation underlies pathologies including neurodegeneration. Aggregates’ formation is antagonised by molecular chaperones, with cytoplasmic machinery resolving insoluble protein aggregates. However, it is unknown whether an analogous disaggregation system exists in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) where ~30% of the proteome is synthesised. Here we show that the ER of a variety of mammalian cell types, including neurons, is endowed with the capability to resolve protein aggregates under stress. Utilising a purpose-developed protein aggregation probing system with a sub-organellar resolution, we observe steady-state aggregate accumulation in the ER. Pharmacological induction of ER stress does not augment aggregates, but rather stimulate their clearance within hours. We show that this dissagregation activity is catalysed by the stress-responsive ER molecular chaperone – BiP. This work reveals a hitherto unknow, non-redundant strand of the proteostasis-restorative ER stress response.
An instantly fixable and self-adaptive scaffold for skull regeneration by autologous stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis
Authors: Lu Gonggong , Xu Yang , Liu Quanying , Chen Manyu , Sun Huan , Wang Peilei , Li Xing , Wang Yuxiang , Li Xiang , Hui Xuhui , Luo En , Liu Jun , Jiang Qing , Liang Jie , Fan Yujiang , Sun Yong , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLimited stem cells, poor stretchability and mismatched interface fusion have plagued the reconstruction of cranial defects by cell-free scaffolds. Here, we designed an instantly fixable and self-adaptive scaffold by dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid chelating Ca2+ of the microhydroxyapatite surface and bonding type I collagen to highly simulate the natural bony matrix. It presents a good mechanical match and interface integration by appropriate calcium chelation, and responds to external stress by flexible deformation. Meanwhile, the appropriate matrix microenvironment regulates macrophage M2 polarization and recruits endogenous stem cells. This scaffold promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, as well as significant ectopic mineralization and angiogenesis. Transcriptome analysis confirmed the upregulation of relevant genes and signalling pathways was associated with M2 macrophage activation, endogenous stem cell recruitment, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Together, the scaffold realized 97 and 72% bone cover areas after 12 weeks in cranial defect models of rabbit (Φ = 9 mm) and beagle dog (Φ = 15 mm), respectively.
Cryo-EM structures of thylakoid-located voltage-dependent chloride channel VCCN1
Authors: Hagino Tatsuya , Kato Takafumi , Kasuya Go , Kobayashi Kan , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Hamamoto Shin , Sobajima Tomoaki , Fujiwara Yuichiro , Yamashita Keitaro , Kawasaki Hisashi , Maturana Andrés D. , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Nureki Osamu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the light reaction of plant photosynthesis, modulation of electron transport chain reactions is important to maintain the efficiency of photosynthesis under a broad range of light intensities. VCCN1 was recently identified as a voltage-gated chloride channel residing in the thylakoid membrane, where it plays a key role in photoreaction tuning to avoid the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of Malus domestica VCCN1 (MdVCCN1) in nanodiscs and detergent at 2.7 Å and 3.0 Å resolutions, respectively, and the structure-based electrophysiological analyses. VCCN1 structurally resembles its animal homolog, bestrophin, a Ca2+-gated anion channel. However, unlike bestrophin channels, VCCN1 lacks the Ca2+-binding motif but instead contains an N-terminal charged helix that is anchored to the lipid membrane through an additional amphipathic helix. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrate that these structural elements are essential for the channel activity, thus revealing the distinct activation mechanism of VCCN1.
Stable inheritance of H3.3-containing nucleosomes during mitotic cell divisions
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Duan Shoufu , Hua Xu , Li Zhiming , He Richard , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNewly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3 histones are assembled into nucleosomes by different histone chaperones in replication-coupled and replication-independent pathways, respectively. However, it is not clear how parental H3.3 molecules are transferred following DNA replication, especially when compared to H3.1. Here, by monitoring parental H3.1- and H3.3-SNAP signals, we show that parental H3.3, like H3.1, are stably transferred into daughter cells. Moreover, Mcm2-Pola1 and Pole3-Pole4, two pathways involved in parental histone transfer based upon the analysis of modifications on parental histones, participate in the transfer of both H3.1 and H3.3 following DNA replication. Lastly, we found that Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4 mutants defective in parental histone transfer show defects in chromosome segregation. These results indicate that in contrast to deposition of newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3, transfer of parental H3.1 and H3.3 is mediated by these shared mechanisms, which contributes to epigenetic memory of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability.
Tunability of the bandgap of SnS by variation of the cell volume by alloying with A.E. elements
Authors: Kawamura Fumio , Song Yelim , Murata Hidenobu , Tampo Hitoshi , Nagai Takehiko , Koida Takashi , Imura Masataka , Yamada Naoomi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe clarified that the bandgap of inorganic materials is strongly correlated with their effective coordination number (ECoN) via first-principles calculations and experimental confirmations. Tin mono-sulphide (Pnma) and germanium mono-sulphide (Pnma) were selected as model cases since these materials successively alter the ECoN as the cell volume changes and show an uncommon relationship between cell volume and bandgap. Contrary to the common semiconductors, the bandgaps of SnS (Pnma) and GeS (Pnma) have a positive relationship with respect to cell volume. This unique phenomenon was explained by incorporating the concept of ECoN into the theoretical studies. The theory proposed in this study is widely applicable to semiconductors with low-symmetry structures. Further, we experimentally demonstrated that the bandgap of SnS (Pnma) can be broadly tuned by changing the unit cell volume via alloying with alkali-earth (A.E.) metals, which could allow SnS to be applied to Si-based tandem photovoltaics. Alloying with A.E. elements also stabilised Cl as an n-type donor, which enabled n-type conduction in the bandgap-widened SnS film in the SnS-based semiconductors.
Silica nanolayer coated capillary by hydrothermal sol–gel process for amines separation and detection of tyramine in food products
Authors: Obma Apinya , Hemwech Pattamaporn , Phoolpho Sittisak , Bumrungpuech Rawiwan , Wirasate Supa , Kaowphong Sulawan , Wilairat Prapin , Chantiwas Rattikan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA hydrothermal sol–gel method for reproducible formation of silica nanolayer on the wall of silica capillaries was developed for electrochromatography. The formulation was optimized by observation of uniform gel formation on an optical microscope. The variables of the formulation include types of solvent, water-TEOS ratio, CTAB and urea contents, and mixing method. The procedure produced a coating of silica ca. 100 nm thick layer on the wall of the capillary. Surface morphology of the coating was characterized by SEM, contact angle and chemical composition by FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The coating reduced the electroosmotic mobility producing enhanced separation performance. Eight standard amines (including tyramine and benzhydrylamine, as an internal standard) were separated with peak resolution Rs ≥ 2 for all adjacent peaks and plate number N ≥ 3.0 × 104 m-1. Calibration was linear from 5 to 200 µg L-1, with r2 > 0.9985 and instrumental LOD of 4.9 μg L-1. Five samples of food products were diluted and analyzed for the amines using the coated capillary and only tyramine was detected. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 1.2%RSD. Percent recoveries of spiked tyramine in samples were 95 ± 3 to 106 ± 7% (n = 3).