bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Mental Health Knowledge Among Young People in Ghana
Authors: Asare Mavis , Asare Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Mental health problems have been identified among young people. A few number of young people however, receive treatment at mental health centres. The study therefore investigated mental health knowledge in young people. Researchers checked the understanding of a variety of mental health conditions. Mental health knowledge on depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive problem, schizophrenia and bipolar were assessed.
Methods
Participants were 150 students whose ages ranged from 12 to 19 years old (mean age = 15 years). The participants comprised 52 (34.7%) males and 98 (65.3%) females. Participants were given questionnaires comprising mental health conditions. They were to indicate their understanding of the mental condition presented, using response options of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
Results
The findings of the study indicated that students have inadequate knowledge about mental health problems. Only 25% of the students understood common mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and stress disorders. Less than 10% of the students understood severe mental health conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The findings imply that mental health information should be provided to young people in Ghana. This would help young people to talk to parents and teachers about their mental health symptoms in order for them to receive professional interventions at the mental health centres.
A comparative study on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of different total solid content sludges produced in a long sludge-retention-time system
Authors: WANG YI , Wang Miao , Peng Jun , Wang Linping , Yang Jie , Kou Xiaomei , Chai Baohua , Gao Lijuan , Han Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Most waste sludge belongs to long sludge-retention-time (SRT) sludge in China, but its outlet is becoming a severe environmental problem nowadays. In this study, the characteristics of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of long SRT sludge was investigated under different total solid content (TSC) of 4%, 6%, and 8% in batch reactors. The results showed that the methane production potential (P0) and methane production rate (Rmax) of thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) were increased by about 60% and 200% compared with that of the mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) at 4% TSC. In TAD groups, the P0 of 240.95 L/kg-VS and Rmax of 22.17 L/kg-VS/d were achieved in the reactor of 4% TSC while the inhibition concentration of propionate and free ammonia reached 1022 mg/L and 603 mg/L in the reactor of 8% TSC. Although the diversity of microbial community was poor in TAD, Coprothermobacter was enriched in TAD, which could degrade protein efficiently. In addition, the dewaterability of digested sludge in TAD was poorer than that in MAD, and both got worse with the increased TSC. Therefore, it is appropriate for the long SRT sludge to anaerobic digestion under thermophilic condition and lower TSC. So, thermophilic anaerobic digestion with lower TSC might be an alternative approach for the treatment and resource utilization of long SRT sludge.
Photocatalytic degradation activity of goji berry extract-mediated green synthesized antibacterial silver-zinc oxide nanocomposites under simulated solar light irradiation
Authors: Sharwani Abdulrahman Ahmed , Narayanan Kannan Badri , Khan Mohammad Ehtisham , Han Sung Soo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green synthesis has gained extensive attention in material science because of its sustainability and eco-friendliness in producing a wide range of nanomaterials. This study demonstrated the photocatalytic and antimicrobial abilities of green synthesized silver-embedded zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag@ZnO NCs). Zinc oxide with a unique mesoporous ellipsoidal morphology in size range of 0.59 ± 0.11 × 0.33 ± 0.09 µm (length × width) was synthesized using the aqueous extract of goji berry (ZnO-GB) by calcination in the air. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of a hexagonal phase of wurtzite (WZ) structure. The average crystallite size of ZnO-GB was 23.74 ± 4.9 nm as calculated using Debye–Scherrer’s equation. It also possesses higher thermal stability with the surface area, pore-volume, and pore size of 11.77 m2/g, 0.027 cm3/g, and 9.52 nm, respectively. Furthermore, different mesoporous Ag@ZnO NCs embedded with face-centered cubic (fcc) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the range of 90–160 nm were synthesized by GB extract as a reducing and capping agent on the surface of ZnO-GB after calcination. The immobilization of Ag NPs was confirmed by XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), FE-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that Ag0.2@ZnO NC (0.2 wt% of Ag) showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of both methylene blue (MB) (cationic) and congo red (CR) (anionic) dyes under simulated solar irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of 99.3 ± 0.35% MB and 98.5 ± 1.3% CR occurred in 90 and 55 min, respectively, at room temperature by Ag0.2@ZnO NC. Besides, these NCs also showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanistic concept of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron and hole charge (e‾/h+) carriers seems to be responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of commercial dyes and antibacterial activities by Ag@ZnO NCs. Thus, these as-prepared green Ag@ZnO NCs are promising candidates as photocatalysts for industrial/wastewater treatment as well as in antimicrobial therapeutics.
Viable Vaccine Supply Chain Network Design by Considering Risk and Robustness
Authors: Lotfi Reza , Shafiei Reza Mohammad , Komeleh Masoumeh Ghavami , Pasha Fatemeh Gholizadeh , Ferasat Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:This research suggests a novel network design as a Viable Vaccine Supply Chain Network Design (VVSCND) by integrating sustainability, resiliency, and agility approach with risk and robustness. We propose a hybrid robust stochastic optimization by minimizing weighted expected and maximum cost function. We add sustainable, resiliency and agility requirements. These requirements include CO2 emission, flexible capacity with reliable and redundancy facilities and responsive SCND. Results:We locate SCND components and assign flow in the healthcare industry. The results show that the cost function of VVSCND is almost 0.04% greater than VSCND without risk and worst case. If the conservative coefficient increases up to 50%, the cost function will change 0.04%, but the time solution changes slightly. By growing 10% for agility coefficient, the cost function changed 0.34%. In addition, growing the resiliency coefficient increases the cost function, too. When the scale of problems increases, the time solution and cost function increase.Conclusions:Finally, this research suggests sustainability, agility, and resiliency for VSCND by considering risk and robustness for the first time. These requirements include CO2 emission, flexible capacity with reliable facilities and responsive SCND. As a result, we, as researchers and designers of SC, try to apply this type of VSCND to delivering vaccines on time because it causes to face pandemics and epidemics like COVID-19 as well as possible. It is possible to consider viability to increase cost, but we complied with sustainable, resiliency, and agility requirements. Effect of this form designing is a long time and decrease CO2 emissions, improve the level of responding to citizen and customers. Therefore, as a designer of VVSCND, we suggest to healthcare managers to use and apply comprehensive designing like VVSCND.
Precipitation Frequency in Med-CORDEX and EURO-CORDEX Ensembles from 0.44° to Convection-Permitting Resolution: Impact of Model Resolution and Convection Representation
Authors: Ha Minh Truong , Bastin S. , Drobinski P. , Fita L. , Polcher J. , Bock O. , Chiriaco M. , Belušić D. , Caillaud C. , Dobler A. , Fernandez J. , Goergen K. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Kartsios S. , Katragkou E. , Lavin-Gullon A. , Lorenz T. , Milovac J. , Panitz H.-J. , Sobolowski S. , Truhetz H. , Warrach-Sagi K. , Wulfmeyer V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent studies using convection-permitting (CP) climate simulations have demonstrated a step-change in the representation of heavy rainfall and rainfall characteristics (frequency-intensity) compared to coarser resolution Global and Regional Climate models. The goal of this study is to better understand what explains the weaker frequency of precipitation in the CP ensemble by assessing the triggering process of precipitation in the different ensembles of regional climate simulations available over Europe. We focus on the statistical relationship between tropospheric temperature, humidity and precipitation to understand how the frequency of precipitation over Europe and the Mediterranean is impacted by model resolution and the representation of convection (parameterized vs. explicit). We employ a multi-model data-set with three different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced in the context of the MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study "Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean" (FPSCONV). The multi-variate approach is applied to all model ensembles, and to several surface stations where the integrated water vapor (IWV) is derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The results show that all model ensembles capture the temperature dependence of the critical value of IWV (IWVcv), above which an increase in precipitation frequency occurs, but the differences between the models in terms of the value of IWVcv, and the probability of its being exceeded, can be large at higher temperatures. The lower frequency of precipitation in convection-permitting simulations is not only explained by higher temperatures but also by a higher IWVcv necessary to trigger precipitation at similar temperatures, and a lower probability to exceed this critical value. The spread between models in simulating IWVcv and the probability of exceeding IWVcv is reduced over land in the ensemble of models with explicit convection, especially at high temperatures, when the convective fraction of total precipitation becomes more important and the influence of the representation of entrainment in models thus becomes more important. Over lowlands, both model resolution and convection representation affect precipitation triggering while over mountainous areas, resolution has the highest impact due to orography-induced triggering processes. Over the sea, since lifting is produced by large-scale convergence, the probability to exceed IWVcv does not depend on temperature, and the model resolution does not have a clear impact on the results.
Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression to Model the Impact of Rainfall Genesis on the Performance of Storm Overflows: Case Study
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Suligowski Roman , Majewski Grzegorz , Bralewski Adrian , Bralewska Karolina , Anioł Ewa , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , De Paola Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, a mathematical model was proposed to analyze the performance of storm overflows. The model included the influence of rainfall genesis on the duration of storm overflow, its volume, and the maximum instantaneous flow. The multinomial logistic regression model, which has not been used to model objects located in a stormwater system, was used to simulate the duration of storm overflow. The Iman–Conover method, involving theoretical cumulative distributions determined based on 30-year rainfall sequences, was adopted to simulate the rainfall characteristics describing the overflow performance (total and maximum 30-min rainfall depth and rainfall duration). Simulations showed a significant impact of rainfall genesis on the parameters of the storm overflow. The model presented in this work and the results obtained can be used at the dimensioning stage of storm overflows and to create an early warning system against undesirable phenomena in the stormwater system within urban catchments.
Assessment Of Nurses Knowledge And Associated Factors Toward Prevention And Management Of Cytotoxic Extravasation In Selected Public Hospitals Oncology Units, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Adugna Girma , Argaw Zeleke , Berhane Emebet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic extravasation is a major adverse effect than the combinations of sepsis, neutropenia, mucositis and gastrointestinal disorders. Pain, immobility, irreversible damage to nerves, tissues and tendons, skin grafting and loss of extremities are the significant morbidities secondary to extravasation.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nurse’s knowledge and associated factors toward prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College that was purposely selected. A convenience sampling technique was employed for the selection of study participants. The data were collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data entry and cleaning were done by using Epi-Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25. A logistic regression analysis technique was employed to evaluate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Statistical significance was declared at p</=0.05. The data description is presented in the text, tables and graphic representation.Result: A total of 124 nurses voluntarily participated in the study with a response rate of 93.2% and 58.1% were female nurses. The majority (45.2%) of study participants are from the age group of 20-29 years. The mean (±SD) age was 31.86 (±5.987) years. A total of 34.7% of respondents had a good levels of knowledge to prevent and manage cytotoxic extravasation. Nurses who received training were 6.6 times more likely to have good knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation; [AOR= 6.602 (2.705-16.109)].Conclusion and recommendation: Generally 65.3% of study participants had poor knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation. A high number (66.9%) of nurses’ were not trained on cytotoxic extravasation. Supporting nurses working in cancer centers with continuous training programs to enhance their knowledge on extravasation should be a primary task.
Multiple isoforms of both HSP70 and HSP90 families required for betanodavirus multiplication in medaka cells
Authors: Okinaka Yasushi , Zenke Kosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and have recently been revealed to function as host factors (HFs) for virus multiplication in fish as well as in mammals, plants, and insects. HSPs are classified into some families and have some isoforms in each family. However, no comprehensive studies were performed to clarify the biological importance of multiple isoforms in a certain HSP family for fish virus multiplication. Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in cultured marine fish and cause very high mortality. Although the viral genome and encoded proteins have been characterized extensively, information on HFs for the virus is limited. In this study, therefore, we focused on HSP70 and HSP90 families to examine the importance of many isoforms in the families for betanodavirus multiplication. We found that HSP inhibitors (17-AAG, radicicol, and quercetin) suppressed viral RNA replication and production of progeny virus in infected medaka (Oryzias latipes) cells. A thermal stress or virus infection up-regulated the expression of some isoform genes and facilitated virus multiplication. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of some isoform genes revealed that HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-5, HSP90-α1, HSP90-α2, and HSP90-β isoforms played positive roles in virus multiplication in medaka. Collectively, these results suggest that not a few isoforms in fish HPS families serve as HFs for betanodavirus multiplication.
Correlation and clinical significance of serum amino acid level changes with TNM stage in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiao Shifeng , Feng Yang , Gao Yu , Yue Chuanchao , Ma Xueqian , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Jinhao , Chen Yanlei , Wang Yanping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the correlation between the changes of serum amino acid levels in colorectal cancer patients and TNM staging from the perspective of amino acid levels in human peripheral blood.Methods: The data of 723 colorectal cancer patients were collected and evaluated, and they were divided into T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups. The changes of amino acid levels in different stages and the correlation between serum amino acid levels and TNM stages were compared.Results: There were significant differences in the levels of Ala, Pro, and Val in different TNM stages (P<0.05). Serum Ala, Pro, and Val were negatively correlated with TNM stages (P<0.05).Conclusions: Serum Ala Pro Val level is correlated with TNM stage in patients with colorectal cancer. The higher TNM stage is, the lower serum Ala, Pro and Val level is. The identification of specific targeting factors required for tumor metabolism may lead to more effective therapies that limit the nutritional pathways of fatal cancers.
Hospital ethics committees in Japan: Current Status from an exploratory survey 2012–2015
Authors: Dowa Yuri , Takimoto Yoshiyuki , Kawai Masahiko , Shiihara Takashi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Hospital ethics committees have gained importance in Japan. But there is no current status report for the last decade. Aim: To ascertain the status of Japanese hospital ethics committees, to clarify whether the prevalence of such committees differs based on the number of hospital beds, and to identify the requirements for sustaining such committees in practice. Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to 2,433 hospitals accredited by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Results: Of the 472 participating hospitals (19.4% response rate), 394 (83.5%) had established/were establishing their hospital ethics committee at the time of the study. The main reason for this was the evaluation of hospital functions by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Clinical ethics consultations were performed in 239 out of 394 hospitals (60.6%). A full ethics committee was adopted by 149 out of 239 hospitals (62.3%). Conclusion: Full ethics committees are common in Japan. Clinical ethics consultations have not yet been recognized as an activity for hospital ethics committees to carry out.
Unsupervised strategies for identifying optimal parameters in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Moussa Charles , Wang Hao , Bäck Thomas , Dunjko Vedran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As combinatorial optimization is one of the main quantum computing applications, many methods based on parameterized quantum circuits are being developed. In general, a set of parameters are being tweaked to optimize a cost function out of the quantum circuit output. One of these algorithms, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm stands out as a promising approach to tackle combinatorial problems, due to many interesting properties. However finding the appropriate parameters is a difficult task. Although QAOA exhibits concentration properties, they can depend on instances characteristics which may not be easy to identify, but may nonetheless offer useful information to find good parameters. In this work, we study unsupervised Machine Learning approaches for setting these parameters without optimization. We perform clustering with the angle values but also instances encodings (using instance features or the output of a variational graph autoencoder), and compare different approaches. These angle-fiding strategies can be used to reduce calls to quantum circuits when leveraging QAOA as a subroutine. We showcase them within Recursive-QAOA up to depth 3 where the number of QAOA parameters used per iteration is limited to 3, achieving a median approximation ratio of 0.94 for MaxCut over 200 Erdős-Rényi graphs. We obtain similar performances to the case where we extensively optimize the angles, hence saving numerous circuit calls.
Environmentally Relevant Atrazine Exposure Leads to Increases in DNA Damage and Changes in Morphology in the Hepatopancreas of Crayfish (Faxonius Virilis)
Authors: Belanger Rachelle , Hadeed Mohammad , Castiglione Carlie , Chammout Diana , Crile Karen , Abdulelah Sara , Rampuri Ebrahim , Grabowski Gregory , Maalhagh-Fard Ali , Saleem Sayf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Exposure to the herbicide atrazine at environmentally relevant concentrations has been shown to negatively impact aquatic organisms, including crayfish. Because xenobiotics are concentrated in the crayfish hepatopancreas (digestive gland), we examined changes in morphology and DNA damage in hepatopancreatic tissue structure and cells following a 10-day exposure to atrazine (0, 10, 40, 80, 100 and 300 ppb). We found that there were marked morphological changes, post-exposure, for all atrazine concentrations tested. Hepatopancreatic tissue exhibited degenerated tubule epithelium with necrosis of microvilli, tubule lumen dilation and vacuolization of the epithelium. These changes increased in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, we also performed a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay which showed the percentage of cells with DNA damage increased following atrazine exposure. Crayfish hepatopancreatic tissue displayed significant increases in TUNEL-positive cells following exposure to atrazine at 100 ppb and above. Overall, exposure to atrazine at environmentally relevant concentrations damages hepatopancreatic tissue, leading to an inability to detoxify atrazine and a potential to bioaccumulate atrazine long-term.