bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult medulloblastoma: a case report
Authors: Mduma Emmanuel , Awuor Adagi , Lugina Emmanuel L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Medulloblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that is common in children but very uncommon in adults, especially those older than 40 years, accounting for less than 1% of all primary brain tumors in adults. Although surgery and radiotherapy play an important role treatment of adult medulloblastoma, the use of chemotherapy is controversial. This is the first instance of adult medulloblastoma at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania.

Case description
We report the case of a 51-year-old female of African ethnicity who was diagnosed with high-risk hemispheric posterior cranial fossa medulloblastoma of classic type with World Health Organization central nervous system grade 4 and Chang stage M0. Immunohistochemistry, reticulin stain, and molecular subtyping could not be done because they were not available. She was treated by subtotal posterior cranial fossa tumor resection followed by adjuvant concurrent chemo-craniospinal radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Even in adults over 50 years old, medulloblastoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of posterior fossa tumor. Adult medulloblastoma is a very rare and very heterogeneous tumor, but it has a good prognosis. Immunohistochemistry and molecular subclustering are difficult to implement in low-income countries such as Tanzania owing to cost. Treatment of adult medulloblastoma is highly heterogeneous among (and even within) facilities. There is no evidence that the extent of resection enhances survival. While craniospinal radiation therapy improves survival, there is controversy about the role of chemotherapy in managing adult MB.
Infantile Sandhoff disease with ventricular septal defect: a case report
Authors: Sahyouni Jamal Khaled , Odeh Luma Bassam Mahmoud , Mulla Fahad , Junaid Sana , Kar Subhranshu Sekhar , Al Boot Almarri Naheel Mohammad Jumah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Infantile Sandhoff disease is a rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, and is classified under lysosomal storage disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disorder of sphingolipid metabolism that results from deficiency of the lysosomal enzymes β-hexosaminidase A and B. The resultant accumulation of GM2 ganglioside within both gray matter nuclei and myelin sheaths of the white matter results in eventual severe neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

Case presentation
We evaluated a 3.5-year-old Comorian girl from the United Arab Emirates who presented with repeated chest infections with heart failure due to ventricular septal defect, neuroregression, recurrent seizures, and cherry-red spots over macula. She had macrocephaly, axial hypotonia, hyperacusis, and gastroesophageal reflux. Organomegaly was absent. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic tests, and genetic mutations confirmed the diagnosis. Despite multidisciplinary therapy, the girl succumbed to her illness.

Conclusion
Though early cardiac involvement can be seen with novel mutations, it is extremely rare to find association of ventricular septal defect in infantile Sandhoff disease. Neuroregression typically starts around 6 months of age. We report this case because of the unusual association of a congenital heart disease with underlying infantile Sandhoff disease and symptomatic heart failure in the first month of life with eventual fatal outcome.
Shared phytochemicals predict efficacy of essential oils against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) in the greenhouse
Authors: Durr Tiffany D. , Stratton Chase A. , Dosoky Noura S. , Satyal Prabodh , Murrell Ebony G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis; Thysanoptera: Thripidae), or WFT, are a global pest of commercial crops, particularly those grown in greenhouses. Current management recommendations often involve judicious use of pesticides to which WFT have evolved multiple resistance phenotypes. Essential oils (EOs) have shown promise as a less toxic alternative for WFT greenhouse management. However, challenges remain in predicting which EOs are most likely to be insecticidal to WFT and ensuring that the efficacy of EOs under bioassay conditions reflect performance in whole-plant application scenarios. To address these challenges, 9 EOs were tested for contact toxicity against WFT in small container assays, then gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) profiles of each EO were used to quantify concentrations of 22 chemicals shared by at least 5 or more of the plant species. Of these, 13 compounds were positively correlated with thrips mortality. Effective compounds were a mixture of sesquiterpenes, cyclic monoterpenes, and noncyclic monoterpenes. Interestingly, no bicyclic monoterpenes shared among the essential oils tested correlated with thrips mortality. Whole-plant assays of the four best EOs from the container assay showed significant reduction in the number of thrips per plant, although mortality in EO treatments in the whole plant assay was lower than in the container assay. In addition, all four EOs were as efficacious as the conventional insecticide flonicamid. Identifying other EOs with high concentrations of the efficacious compounds that were identified in this study and using container assays to screen these oils for WFT thrip mortality and phytotoxicity could help integrated pest management (IPM) practitioners and greenhouse staff to more rapidly accumulate a suite of EOs as low toxicity alternatives for management of WFT in greenhouse settings.

Graphical Abstract
A novel Bayesian approach for disentangling solar and geomagnetic field influences on the radionuclide production rates
Authors: Nguyen Long , Suttie Neil , Nilsson Andreas , Muscheler Raimund 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCosmogenic radionuclide records (e.g., 10Be and 14C) contain information on past geomagnetic dipole moment and solar activity changes. Disentangling these signals is challenging, but can be achieved by using independent reconstructions of the geomagnetic dipole moment. Consequently, solar activity reconstructions are directly influenced by the dipole moment uncertainties. Alternatively, the known differences in the rates of change of these two processes can be utilized to separate the signals in the radionuclide data. Previously, frequency filters have been used to separate the effects of the two processes based on the assumption that millennial-scale variations in the radionuclide records are dominated by geomagnetic dipole moment variations, while decadal-to-centennial variations can be attributed to solar activity variations. However, the influences of the two processes likely overlap on centennial timescales and possibly millennial timescales as well, making a simple frequency cut problematic. Here, we present a new Bayesian model that utilizes the knowledge of solar and geomagnetic field variability to reconstruct both solar activity and geomagnetic dipole moment from the radionuclide data at the same time. This method allows for the possibility that solar activity and geomagnetic dipole moment exhibit variations on overlapping timescales. The model was tested and evaluated using synthetic data with realistic noise and then used to reconstruct solar activity and the geomagnetic dipole moment from the 14C production record over the last two millennia. The results agree with reconstructions based on independent geomagnetic field models and with solar activity inferred from the Group Sunspot number. Our Bayesian model also has the potential to be developed further by including additional confounding factors, such as climate influences on the radionuclide records.
Graphical Abstract
Determinants of dietary practice among pregnant women at the public hospitals in Bench-Sheko and Kaffa Zones, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Abel , Genetu Amare , Ayalew Ermias , Getachew Dawit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundsThe frequency of poor dietary practice due to inappropriate dietary habits is higher during pregnancy compared to any other stage of the life cycle. Suboptimal dietary practices during pregnancy can increase the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, anemia, prenatal and infant mortality, and morbidity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the dietary practice and associated factors among pregnant women at the public hospitals of Bench-Sheko and Kaffa zone.MethodologyAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 566 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the public hospitals of the Bench-Sheko and Kaffa zones. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study units. The data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software for further analysis. Both Binary and Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. The Crude Odd Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence interval (CI) were calculated and the variable withP-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultAccording to this study, only 23.7% (95% CI: 20.1, 27.4) of the study participants had a good dietary practice. The urban residents (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI:1.18, 5.92), monthly income of > 2000ETB (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.31,4.65), having nutrition information (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.14,5.52), good dietary knowledge (AOR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.48,5.27), mothers occupation of employer (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04,3.42) and a family size < 5 (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.32,8.65) were determinate of dietary practice.ConclusionGenerally, the prevalence of good dietary practice is suboptimal in the study area. Urban residency, monthly income > 2000ETB, good dietary knowledge, having nutrition information, family size < 5, and government employed mothers were the predictors of the good dietary practice in the Bench-Sheko and Kaffa zone. Therefore, providing in-service training for health professionals and assigning nutritionist to each public hospital should be done to provide health and nutrition education; and strengthen the existed nutrition counseling service for pregnant women. Moreover, the government should create sustainable income-generating activities for pregnant women.
Exosomes in craniofacial tissue reconstruction
Authors: Salah Muhja , Naini Farhad B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy gained interest among scientists following the discovery of its therapeutic potential. However, their clinical use has been hindered due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Relatively recently, it has been unveiled that the mechanism by which MSC promote healing is by secreting exosomes. This raised the interest in developing cell-free therapy, avoiding the obstacles that deterred the translation of MSC therapy into clinical practice.ReviewThis comprehensive narrative review summarises the current understanding of exosome biogenesis and content. Moreover, the existing research on exosome use in bone tissue engineering is discussed.ConclusionsExosome-based therapy may provide excellent potential in the field of bone tissue engineering and craniofacial reconstructive surgery. Further investigation is required before the technology can be translated into clinical practice.
Early acquisition of [18F]FDOPA PET/CT imaging in patients with recurrent or residual medullary thyroid cancer is safe—and slightly better!
Authors: Kjærulff Mette Louise Gram , Dias André H. , Iversen Peter , Gormsen Lars Christian , Hjorthaug Karin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare early (15 min) and late (60 min) [18F]FDOPA PET/CT acquisition times in the detection of recurrence/residual disease in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-two dual-phase [18F]FDOPA PET scans were retrospectively reviewed. Scan indications were (1) suspected recurrence of MTC, (2) treatment monitoring, or (3) restaging. In four scans, no final verification could be obtained, and one scan was excluded due to non-consistency with the acquisition protocol. Images were analyzed visually and semiquantitatively (using SUVmax). On both per-scan and per-lesion basis, early (median time 15 min) and late (median time 60 min) acquisition were compared by number and SUVmax of detected MTC lesions, and a washout rate between the two acquisitions was calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of early and late acquisition were also compared.

Results
Out of the 27 eligible PET scans, twenty were classified as PET positive and 7 as PET negative. By subsequent histology and/or combination of imaging and clinical data during follow-up, the MTC diagnosis was verified, showing a scan-based sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 87.5%, respectively, for the early acquisition, and for the late acquisition both were 100%. However, there were no statistically significant difference in detection rate between the two acquisitions. Lesions on the early acquisition were significantly more intense compared to lesions on the late acquisition (median washout rate of − 33% (− 57 to + 50%)).

Conclusion
Our study confirms that it is safe to omit the late [18F]FDOPA PET/CT acquisition in the detection of recurrent/residual MTC.
Functional recovery from refractory hepatic encephalopathy following angiographic obliteration of a large, spontaneous portal-umbilical portosystemic shunt: a case report
Authors: Ngu Natalie L. Y. , Saxby Edward , Farmer Caitlin C. , Lyon Stuart , Le Suong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as a consequence of cirrhosis with portal hypertension has a profound impact on quality of life for both patients and caregivers, has no gold-standard diagnostic test, and is a risk factor for mortality. Spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) are common in patients with cirrhosis, can be challenging to identify, and in some cases, can drive refractory HE. Cross-sectional shunt size greater than 83mm2 is associated with liver disease severity, overt HE, and mortality.

Case presentation
We report a patient with refractory HE and frequent hospitalization in the context of an occult spontaneous portal-umbilical portosystemic shunt with an estimated cross-sectional area of 809mm2. Following identification and angiographic retrograde transvenous obliteration of the SPSS using plugs, coils and sclerosant, there was improvement in neurocognitive testing and no further hospitalization for HE.

Conclusion
SPSS in the context of cirrhosis with portal hypertension can contribute to the debilitating effects of refractory HE. This case highlights the opportunity to search for SPSS in patients with HE unresponsive to therapy as angiographic obliteration is usually safe, well-tolerated, and clinically effective.
Fielding, Opera, and Oratorio: The Case of Handel
Authors: Trainor Charles 
Published: August 2022

It is generally stated without qualification that Fielding was a great admirer of Handel. This is understandable given that his works of the 1740s and 1750s are replete with praise of the composer. Curiously, however, during the 1730s, his compliments to Handel are few and far between. True, in his ballad operas from that period, he borrowed a number of the composer's melodies, but in multiple instances, he attached comic lyrics that mocked their seriousness. This paper contends that Fielding's apparent change in attitude in the 1740s was rooted in Handel's own change as he moved away from Italian opera and toward English oratorio. While Fielding was critical of the former, the latter genre aligned with his aesthetic ideal, which favored word-centric music performed in English with a minimum of “Tinsel, or . . . Ostentation.” Indeed, it is arguable that in his ballad-opera adaptations of Handel, which he often assigned to performers whom Handel also employed, Fielding was prefiguring on a lesser scale what would later make Handel his ideal of all an English composer should be.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations-Eligible Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ilyas Adeel , Chen Ching-Jen , Abecassis Isaac Josh , Al-Saiegh Fadi , Ironside Natasha , Jabbour Pascal M. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch M. Reid , Lee Cheng-Chia , Sheehan Jason P. , Ding Dale 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) were controversial, and they suggested that intervention is inferior to medical management for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, several studies have shown that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an acceptable therapy for unruptured AVMs.

OBJECTIVE:
To test the hypothesis that ARUBA intervention arm's SRS results are meaningfully inferior to those from similar populations reported by other studies.

METHODS:
We performed a literature review to identify SRS studies of patients who met the eligibility criteria for ARUBA. Patient, AVM, treatment, and outcome data were extracted for statistical analysis. Regression analyses were pooled to identify factors associated with post-SRS obliteration and hemorrhage.

RESULTS:
The study cohort included 8 studies comprising 1620 ARUBA-eligible patients who underwent SRS. At the time of AVM diagnosis, 36% of patients were asymptomatic. The mean follow-up duration was 80 months. Rates of radiologic, symptomatic, and permanent radiation-induced changes were 45%, 11%, and 2%, respectively. The obliteration rate was 68% at last follow-up. The post-SRS hemorrhage and mortality rates were 8%, and 2%, respectively. Lower Spetzler-Martin grade (odds ratios [OR] = 0.84 [0.74-0.95], P = .005), lower radiosurgery-based AVM score (OR = 0.75 [0.64-0.95], P = .011), lower Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (OR = 0.86 [0.78-0.95], P = .003), and higher margin dose (OR = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], P = .025) were associated with obliteration.

CONCLUSION:
SRS carries a favorable risk to benefit profile for appropriately selected ARUBA-eligible patients, particularly those with smaller volume AVMs. Our findings suggest that the results of ARUBA do not reflect the real-world safety and efficacy of SRS for unruptured AVMs.
Angioarchitectural Analysis of Arteriovenous Shunts in Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Kim Byung Moon , Park Keun Young , Lee Jae Whan , Kim Yong Bae , Chung Joonho , Kim Dong Joon 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Detailed understanding of the angioarchitecture of arteriovenous shunts in dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) is essential when planning endovascular treatment.

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze shunt patterns and their clinical implications in transverse-sigmoid sinus and superior sagittal sinus DAVFs.

METHODS:
A total of 48 DAVFs treated with endovascular embolization between January 2010 and June 2021 were investigated. The preprocedural and intraprocedural digital subtraction angiograms were examined to characterize the shunt patterns of DAVFs in terms of anatomic relations to the sinuses and cortical veins. Treatment characteristics and outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS:
The shunt patterns were categorized into 4 types: the direct sinus fistula (n = 8/48, 16.7%), compartmental sinus channel (n = 14/48, 29.1%), mural channel (n = 13/48, 27.1%), and bridging vein shunt (n = 13/48, 27.1%). Mural channel lesions revealed direct (n = 4/13, 30.8%) and indirect (n = 6/13, 46.2%) cortical venous connections. Multiple shunt types were seen in 7 patients. Overall, complete or near-complete occlusion was achieved in 43 patients (89.6%) after the final embolization. Patients with mural channels received the most embolization sessions (1.4 sessions per patient). Procedural venous drainage-related complications occurred in patients with multiple shunt types including mural channel shunts (n = 3). All bridging vein shunts were completely occluded during a single transarterial embolization session.

CONCLUSION:
The 4 shunt patterns of DAVFs demonstrate distinct characteristics for the fistula, sinus and cortical vein connection. Meticulous analysis of the angioarchitectural characteristics and clinical implications is warranted for safe and effective treatment.
The flavonoid rutin protects the bumble bee Bombus impatiens against cognitive impairment by imidacloprid and fipronil
Authors: Riveros Andre J. , Gronenberg Wulfila 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The ongoing decline of bee populations and its impact on food security demands integrating multiple strategies. Sublethal impairments associated with exposure to insecticides, affecting the individual and the colony levels, have led to insecticide moratoria and bans. However, legislation alone is not sufficient and remains a temporary solution to an evolving market of insecticides. Here, we asked whether bees can be prophylactically protected against sublethal cognitive effects of two major neurotoxic insecticides, imidacloprid and fipronil, with different mechanisms of action. We evaluated the protective effect of the prophylactic administration of the flavonoid rutin, a secondary plant metabolite, present in nectar and pollen, and known for its neuroprotective properties. Following controlled or ad libitum administration of rutin, foragers of the North American bumble bee Bombus impatiens received oral administration of the insecticides at sublethal realistic dosages. Learning acquisition, memory retention and decision speed were evaluated using olfactory absolute conditioning of the proboscis extension response. We show that the insecticides primarily impair acquisition but not retention or speed of the conditioned proboscis extension response. We further show that the administration of the flavonoid rutin successfully protects the bees against impairments produced by acute and chronic administration of insecticides. Our results suggest a new avenue for the protection of bees against sublethal cognitive effects of insecticides.