bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequities and Research Gaps in Ophthalmology
Authors: Hemmerich Christian , Jones Garrett , Staggs Jordan , Anderson Reece M. , Bacani Rigel , Vassar Matt 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceDeficient ophthalmologic care is costly to patients, making the identification of groups not receiving adequate care of vital importance. The current landscape of equity in ophthalmic care has yet to be thoroughly investigated and is important to ensure inclusivity and patient-centered care.ObjectiveTo perform a scoping review of the literature pertaining to health care inequities in the field of ophthalmology.Evidence ReviewA comprehensive database search using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Ovid Embase was done in July 2022. English-language articles published from 2016 to 2021 were included and encompassed all article types except commentaries or correspondence. The search modeled the National Institutes of Health list of designated US health inequity populations, which includes income, education level, occupational status, rural and underresourced area, sex and gender, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identity, and race and ethnicity. A total of 8170 abstracts and titles were screened by 2 independent investigators, and 189 studies were assessed in full text for eligibility. For inclusion, articles needed to be an ophthalmic study discussing health inequities. In a masked, duplicate fashion, 2 independent investigators screened 75 full-text studies for data extraction using a pilot-tested form. Data extraction included general publication characteristics and health inequity data based on the National Institutes of Health’s defined inequity groups.FindingsA total of 75 publications were included. Notable inequities were found among Black and Hispanic patients associated with negative ophthalmic outcomes and mixed associations regarding sex or gender. Overall, lower-income patients were more likely to have vision impairment, use eye care services less, and have lower adherence to eye examinations. No articles within our sample examined LGBTQ inequities among ophthalmology patients since the 2016 National Institutes of Health classification of sexual and gender minority populations. Substantial research gaps were observed within the ophthalmic literature pertaining to the LGBTQ community, race and ethnicity, and rural and underresourced areas.Conclusions and RelevanceThis scoping review found substantial findings associated with the LGBTQ community, race and ethnicity, and the role of telemedicine in rural and underresourced areas. Because of the importance of ophthalmic care in overall patient health, it is vital to understand the various inequities present and strive to improve the current gaps in the literature. Future studies should (1) examine barriers to clinical study and medical trainee recruitment as well as patient values and preference studies and (2) investigate the implementation of telemedicine in underresourced areas.
Laser Shock‐Induced Polycrystallization Engineering for Plasmon Damping Tuning of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: He Yali , Liu Jian , Hu Yizhong , Hu Yaowu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, lattice defect engineering provides an effective route for plasmon damping adjustment. To address the low efficiency of defect introduction in nanoparticles, a laser shock‐induced polycrystallization strategy is proposed. The results demonstrate that Au nanoparticles undergoing the ultrahigh‐strain‐rate compression process exhibit effective grain boundary defect introduction and plasmonic damping tuning effects. The size dependence of the polycrystallization process and plasticity mechanism of nanoparticles are comprehensively explored. The correlation between the optical properties and microstructure of the deformed nanoparticles is established. The proposed process provides a facile strategy for optical loss tuning and complements the plastic deformation mechanism of plasmonic nanoparticles in extreme deformations.
Early childhood growth in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern Kenya: Distinct patterns of faltering in linear growth and weight gain
Authors: Swanson Zane S. , Nzunza Rosemary , Bethancourt Hilary J. , Saunders Jessica , Mutindwa Fionah , Ndiema Emmanuel , Braun David R. , Rosinger Asher Y. , Pontzer Herman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesInvestigations of early childhood growth among small‐scale populations are essential for understanding human life history variation and enhancing the ability to serve such communities through global public health initiatives. This study characterizes early childhood growth trajectories and identifies differences in growth patterns relative to international references among Daasanach semi‐nomadic pastoralist children living in a hot, arid region of northern Kenya.MethodsA large sample of height and weight measures were collected from children (N = 1756; total observations = 4508; age = 0–5 years) between 2018 and 2020. Daasanach growth was compared to international reference standards and Daasanach‐specific centile growth curves and pseudo‐velocity models were generated using generalized additive models for location scale and size.ResultsCompared to World Health Organization (WHO) reference, relatively few Daasanach children were stunted (14.3%), while a large proportion were underweight (38.5%) and wasted (53.6%). Additionally, Daasanach children had a distinctive pattern of growth, marked by an increase in linear growth velocity after 24 months of age and relatively high linear growth velocity throughout the rest of early childhood.ConclusionsThese results identify a unique pattern of early childhood growth faltering among children in a small‐scale population and may reflect a thermoregulatory adaptation to their hot, arid environment. As linear growth and weight gain remain important indicators of health, the results of this study provide insight into growth velocity variations. This study has important implications for global public health efforts to identify and address sources of early growth faltering and undernutrition in small‐scale populations.
Applying the polio model to New Zealand: The contingent role of socioeconomic status in infectious disease mortality
Authors: Battles Heather T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe traditional polio model depicts a positive relationship between the disease and socioeconomic status (SES), with higher SES associated with exposure to the poliovirus beyond infancy/early childhood and a higher mortality rate. This study uses occupation data from non‐Māori New Zealand death registrations and the Census to assess evidence for differential mortality by SES during the polio epidemics of 1916, 1924–25, and 1936–37.Materials and MethodsPolio deaths were classified by father's occupation using the Caversham Project scheme, which includes nine collapsible urban occupational strata and codes rural occupations separately. Evidence for differential mortality and differences in age at death between rural and urban areas and among urban occupational strata was assessed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Jonckheere‐Terpstra, and chi‐square tests.ResultsThere was limited evidence of either differential mortality or differences in age at death among collapsed urban strata, mainly in 1924/25, only partially meeting the expectations of the traditional polio model. For 1916 only, the rural group had a higher proportion of deaths (χ2 (1, n = 95) = 8.341, p = 0.0039, φ = 0.30)) and higher age at death (U = 828.00, p = 0.026, r = −0.23).DiscussionThese results suggest that rural New Zealand was more isolated from poliovirus infection prior to 1916, but thereafter rural and urban groups faced more similar exposure patterns and mortality—at least among non‐Māori. The degree to which occupational categories reflect conditions of exposure requires further research.
Demographic model and biological adaptation inferred from the genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data reveal tripartite origins of southernmost Chinese Huis
Authors: He Guanglin , Fan Zhi‐Quan , Zou Xing , Deng Xiaohui , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Wang Zheng , Liu Jing , Xu Quyi , Chen Ling , Deng Xiao‐Hua , Wang Chuan‐Chao , Liu Changhui , Wang Mengge , Liu Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe culturally unique Sanya Hui (SYH) people are considered descendants of ancient Cham people in Central Vietnam and exhibit a scenario of complex migration and admixture history. We aimed to characterize the genetic structure, origin, and admixture history of SYH people and explore the effect of the cultural admixture from Central/South Asia and East Asia on their genetic admixture.Materials and MethodsWe sampled 94 Hui individuals from Hainan and genotyped these samples using the Infinium Global Screening Array version 2 with over 717K SNPs. We then investigated the demographic history of SYH people by combining currently available modern and ancient genome‐wide SNP data and leveraging shared allele‐ and haplotype‐based strategies.ResultsPatterns of genetic differentiation showed that SYH people were genetically different from the northern Hui but harbored a close genomic affinity with indigenous Vietnamese. SYH had a relatively distant relationship with the Cham, which confirmed the hypothesis of the documented recent historical migration from Central Vietnam and assimilation with the Hainan indigenous people. The fitted three‐way admixture models and the reconstructed demographic frameworks showed that SYH was the admixture result with primary ancestry from East Asia and mainland Southeast Asia and minor ancestry related to Central/South Asia. GLOBETTRTER and ALDER‐based admixture time estimation revealed that genetic contact with Central Asia occurred around 28 generations ago. Our model was consistent with the frequent cultural communication along the Southern Maritime Silk Road and extensive interaction with East Asia. Besides, analyses focused on natural‐selected signatures of SYH people revealed some candidate loci associated with metabolism and immune function.DiscussionThe SYH people are considered to be Cham refugees' descendants. A long‐standing hypothesis posits that SYH derives from different genetic and cultural origins, which hypothesizes that the genetically attested admixture history of SYH people is different from northern Hui people possessing prominent Han‐related ancestry and minor western Eurasian ancestry. We found that the genetic structure of SYH people was different from Vietnam Cham and geographically diverse Hui people. Generally, three genetically attested genealogies from Central Vietnam, East Asia, and Central/South Asia in modern SYH people supported their tripartite model of genomic origins.
Spatiotemporal fluctuations of population structure in the Americas revealed by a meta‐analysis of the first decade of archaeogenomes
Authors: Campelo dos Santos Andre Luiz , Lavalle Sullasi Henry Socrates , Gokcumen Omer , Lindo John , DeGiorgio Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesSince 2010, genome‐wide data from hundreds of ancient Native Americans have contributed to the understanding of Americas' prehistory. However, these samples have never been studied as a single dataset, and distinct relationships among themselves and with present‐day populations may have never come to light. Here, we reassess genomic diversity and population structure of 223 ancient Native Americans published between 2010 and 2019.Materials and MethodsThe genomic data from ancient Americas was merged with a worldwide reference panel of 278 present‐day genomes from the Simons Genome Diversity Project and then analyzed through ADMIXTURE, D‐statistics, PCA, t‐SNE, and UMAP.ResultsWe find largely similar population structures in ancient and present‐day Americas. However, the population structure of contemporary Native Americans, traced here to at least 10,000 years before present, is noticeably less diverse than their ancient counterparts, a possible outcome of the European contact. Additionally, in the past there were greater levels of population structure in North than in South America, except for ancient Brazil, which harbors comparatively high degrees of structure. Moreover, we find a component of genetic ancestry in the ancient dataset that is closely related to that of present‐day Oceanic populations but does not correspond to the previously reported Australasian signal. Lastly, we report an expansion of the Ancient Beringian ancestry, previously reported for only one sample.DiscussionOverall, our findings support a complex scenario for the settlement of the Americas, accommodating the occurrence of founder effects and the emergence of ancestral mixing events at the regional level.
TDP‐43 pathology effect on volume and flortaucipir uptake in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carlos Arenn F. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Petersen Ronald C. , Nguyen Aivi T. , Reichard R. Ross , Dickson Dennis W. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) patients ≥70 years show smaller medial temporal volumes despite less 18F‐flortaucipir‐positron emission tomography (PET) uptake than younger counterparts. We investigated whether TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) was contributing to this volume‐uptake mismatch.MethodsSeventy‐seven participants with flortaucipir‐PET and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging underwent postmortem AD and TDP‐43 pathology assessments. Bivariate‐response linear regression estimated the effect of age and TDP‐43 pathology on volume and/or flortaucipir standardized uptake volume ratios of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal, inferior temporal, and midfrontal cortices.ResultsOlder participants had lower hippocampal volumes and overall flortaucipir uptake. TDP‐43‐immunoreactivity correlated with reduced medial temporal volumes but was unrelated to flortaucipir uptake. TDP‐43 effect size was consistent across the age spectrum. However, at older ages, the cohort mean volumes moved toward those of TDP‐43‐positives, reflecting the increasing TDP‐43 pathology frequency with age.DiscussionTDP‐43 pathology is a relevant contributor driving the volume‐uptake mismatch in older AD participants.Highlights
TDP‐43 pathology affects medial temporal volume loss but not tau radiotracer uptake.
Greater TDP‐43 pathology effect is seen in old age due to its increasing frequency.
TDP‐43 pathology is a relevant driver of the volume‐uptake mismatch in old AD patients.
Use of didactic training and feedback to improve quality and acceptability of progress notes written by direct‐care staff on a psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Romani Patrick W. , Ladyga Rileigh , McCleary Matthew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWriting progress notes represent a critical activity of practicing clinicians in a variety of settings. They provide a way for medical practitioners, insurance companies, and others to communicate in a timely fashion regarding ongoing clinical care. Previous research showed that intervention components like didactic training, using note templates, and feedback improved the quality of progress notes. At least two questions remain despite several studies already addressing progress note writing. First, previous research most often used multiple intervention components to improve progress notes. Thus, the relative impact of two common components of interventions, such as didactic training and feedback, is unclear. Second, previous research has not evaluated the acceptability of improved progress notes for the practitioners that actually utilize them. Thus, the purpose of the current study evaluated the components of didactic training and feedback on improved progress note writing for four direct staff employed by a psychiatric inpatient unit. A second purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of the training procedures by both (a) the direct‐care staff participating in this study and (b) four members of the psychiatric treatment team that used direct‐care staff progress notes to inform their clinical care. Results showed that feedback was necessary to improve the accuracy of progress notes for three of four participants. The direct‐care staff reported the training procedures as acceptable and the treatment team noted improvements in the quality of the progress notes after intervention. These data will be discussed in terms of ways to arrange effective training programs to improve direct‐care staff's progress notes.
Critical network factors for eco‐innovation in manufacturing: A Delphi study from a triple helix perspective
Authors: Janahi Noora A. , Durugbo Christopher M. , Al‐Jayyousi Odeh R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManaging networks for eco‐innovation remains a top priority in manufacturing due to industrial collaborations being the de facto mode of functioning for modern manufacturing firms. Accordingly, an awareness of critical network factors is imperative for strategies that lead to successful sustainability‐focused partnerships and profitable collaborations. This study applies a group‐based multi‐criterion decision‐making technique—the Delphi methodology—to evaluate critical network factors for eco‐innovation in manufacturing from the viewpoint of 116 experts within the triple helix, that is, university, industry and government experts. The study uniquely frames the eco‐innovation strategy challenge for manufacturing from a network perspective. Review of literature and an online survey identifies 63 network motivational, configurational and transformational factors. Subsequent polled results show heterogeneity during Delphi selection (Cochran's Q: p < 0.001) and prioritisation (Friedman's Q: p < 0.001) rounds with ‘environmental concern by top management’, ‘innovative organisational strategies’, and ‘integrity norms of signed contract’ as the top motivational, configurational and transformational factors. The study also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the study for triadic orientations and triple helix framing of eco‐innovation networks and concludes by identifying research limitations and potential future research areas.
Linkages between smart, lean, and resilient manufacturing for sustainable development
Authors: Benkhati Imane , Belhadi Amine , Kamble Sachin S. , Ezahra Touriki Fatima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a highly competitive and changing environment, manufacturers are called to adopt the paradigms of smart, sustainable, resilient, and lean manufacturing (SSRL). However, despite the growing interest in the topic and the potential of smart manufacturing features to enable sustainable development, little is known about these interactions in the system of SSRL. Therefore, to address this gap, this study investigates the moderating effect of SM on lean manufacturing and resilient manufacturing for SP while examining the existing relationship between lean and resilience. Drawing upon a hybrid methodology including the partial least squares‐structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and machine learning algorithms, this research paper develops and tests the hypothetical model using collected data from 399 organizations in China, Africa, and Europe. The findings reveal important implications regarding the fostering effect of SM on the components of the SSRL system and how firms can be both lean and resilient and achieve high sustainable performance simultaneously.
Applications of digital Medicine in oncology: Prospects and challenges
Authors: Ge Hewei , Li Lixi , Zhang Di , Ma Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current state of oncology medical services is not encouraging and is unable to fully meet the needs of patients with cancer. In recent years, rapidly developing artificial intelligence technology and gradual advancements in mobile phones, sensors, and wearable devices, which have made these more compact, affordable, and popular, have greatly expanded the development of digital medicine. Digital medicine refers to clinical evidence‐based technology and products with a direct impact on disease management and research. Integrating digital medicine into clinical practice has the advantages of broader applicability, greater cost‐effectiveness, better accessibility, and improved diagnostic and therapeutic performance. Digital medicine has emerged in different clinical application scenarios, including cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as clinical trials. Additionally, big data generated from digital medicine can be used to improve levels of clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, digital medicine also faces many challenges, including security regulation and privacy protection, product usability, data management, and optimization of algorithms. In summary, the application and development of digital medicine in the field of cancer face numerous opportunities and challenges.
Pyrotinib‐associated acute kidney injury: A case report
Authors: Miao Kang , Zhang Li , Si Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPyrotinib is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Previous studies of pyrotinib showed that it is mainly excreted through the gastrointestinal tract rather than the kidneys, with little effect on renal function. Here, we report a patient with HER2‐mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) after receiving pyrotinib treatment. This case alerts clinicians to the adverse renal effects of HER2 TKIs, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, tumor treatment should remain a priority in clinical practice. In this case, AKI induced by pyrotinib was reversible. Therefore, there is no need to restrict the use of HER2 TKIs due to concerns about possible nephrotoxicity.
Preventing radicalization leading to violence: Insights from the significance quest theory and its 3N model
Authors: Da Silva Caroline , Amadio Nicolas , Sarg Rachel , Domingo Bruno , Tibbels Sarah , Benbouriche Massil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadicalization leading to violence is a major societal issue all over the globe. In order to prevent its increase and expansion, measures need to be taken at different instances and levels. In the present narrative review, to inform evidence‐based practices, we bring together numerous applied recommendations made by scholars studying the psychological underpinnings of radicalization within the framework of the Significance Quest Theory and its 3N model. The applied recommendations target at least one of the three elements of the 3N model (i.e., need, narrative, and network) in at least one of the three levels of prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary). In the discussion, we highlight which of these are still lacking empirical evaluation, which might be problematic and why, and how policymakers, practitioners, and researchers can work together to provide an integrative model of intervention addressing both the need for significance and the influence of radical narratives and groups. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.