bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic impact of automation in maintenance processes for the manufacturing industry in Colombia:
Authors: Dimas Pastrana Diego Armando , Nieves Pimiento Nayive , Toledo Bueno Carlos Augusto 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Nowadays, diverse manufacturing companies are faced towards the dilemma of whether investing in automation technologies or not, due to the uncertainty when it comes to remuneration in the profitability of the company, on another hand the level of maintenance management at manufacturing companies is insufficient inside the Latin American region.

Methods: For the build-up of this article, literature review was taken into account.

Results: In this bibliographic review the different tools, techniques and processes of automation in processes regarding industrial maintenance are taken discussed, in addition cases of different companies that have implemented automation technologies in their maintenance management are shown, ultimately statistics and data related to the subject in question focusing special attention on Colombian manufacturing companies will be presented, all this in order to give a panoramic vision of the economic impact of automation immersed in industrial maintenance and concurrently take a glance at a horizon of automation in Colombian manufacturing industries.

Conclusions: Although investments in automation technologies have generated profits for companies, these are often high, in addition to costs related to training company staff to properly carry out these processes. It is therefore suggested that companies that desire to start integrating automation technologies into maintenance processes should do so progressively so as not to generate frustrations in relation to the investment.
Aspectos Relacionados à Qualidade da Silagem de Sorgo
Authors: Silva Janaina Tayna , Valentim Jean Kaique , Monção Flávio Pinto , Pires Daniel Ananias de Assis , Leite Gabriela Duarte Oliveira , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro , Junqueira Eleuza Clarete , Durães Héllen Felicidade 
Published: August 2022

Objetivou-se com esta revisão demostrar os principais aspectos relacionados com o processo de ensilagem, abordando os pontos críticos que podem elevar a perda de matéria seca, trazendo ainda as técnicas mais utilizadas para aumentar a recuperação de matéria seca, melhorando assim a qualidade da silagem, contribuindo para uma produção animal sustentável. Buscou-se nas principais bases de pesquisa: Web of Science, Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar, artigos dos vinte últimos anos, que relatavam este tema com enfoque no processo de ensilagem com enfoque na recuperação de matéria seca e nutrientes, discutindo os processos que podem afetar, negativamente, a qualidade da silagem. Utilizaram-se palavras chaves para buscas dos artigos como: “ensilagem”; “aditivos”; qualidade da silagem”; “sorgo”. O processo de ensilagem é complexo e pode ser influenciado por fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, mas quando feito de forma adequada e utilizando as tecnológicas disponíveis, como: filmes plásticos, considerados como boa barreira de oxigênio e aditivos microbiológicos se pode reduzir as perdas, corroborando para melhor composição química bromatológica, reduzindo custos com alimentação e potencializando a produção animal. A silagem de sorgo surge como uma alternativa viável para a regiões áridas e semiáridas, em função de suas características agronômicas e seu bom valor nutricional.

Palavras chave: Aditivos. Estabilidade Aeróbia. Ensilagem. Perdas.

AbstractThe objective of this review was to demonstrate the main aspects related to the silage process, addressing the critical points that can increase the loss of dry matter, while also bringing the most used techniques to increase the dry matter recovery, thus improving the quality of the silage contributing to sustainable animal production. The main research bases were searched such as Web of Science, Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, as well as articles from the last 20 years that reported on this topic with a focus on the silage process with a focus on the recovery of dry matter and nutrients, discussing the processes that can negatively affect the quality of the silage. Keywords were used to search for articles such as: “ensilage”; "additions"; silage quality”; "sorghum". The ensiling process is complex and can be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but when done properly and using available technologies, such as plastic films, considered as a good oxygen barrier and microbiological additives, it is possible to reduce losses, corroborating for better composition chemical chemistry, reducing feed costs and enhancing animal production. Sorghum silage appears as a viable alternative for arid and semi-arid regions, due to its agronomic characteristics and good nutritional value.

Keywords: Additives. Aerobic Stability. Silage. Losses.
Comportamento Alimentar de Aves Silvestres em Reabilitação: Influência do Ambiente
Authors: Deserto Lorhan Barboza dos Santos , Mendes Janaína Palermo , Kaique Valentim Jean , Pietramale Rita Therezinha Rolim , Silva Ariadne Freitas 
Published: August 2022

O Brasil contém uma biodiversidade variada, composta por uma fauna silvestre rica, além de seus ecossistemas singulares. Em função dessa singularidade, o interesse em obter os indivíduos como animais de estimação aumentou expressivamente. Os animais passaram a serem vistos pelos contrabandistas como objetos de valor, sendo tratados sem o mínimo de condição sanitária e de bem-estar. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, observar e compreender como o ambiente, no qual as aves apreendidas são alocadas, pode interferir no comportamento de ingestão de alimentos e de água. Foram coletadas informações sobre as condições de iluminação dos ambientes, nos quais os pássaros apreendidos foram alojados. As aves foram levadas para Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres de Campo Grande/MS e alojadas em ambientes improvisados com dois tipos de iluminação. Eram cinco espécies utilizadas, tais como: o Sabiá-laranjeira, Bem-te-vi, Trinca-ferro, Canário-da-terra-verdadeiro e o Curió. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: 1- ingestão de alimentos por ave em cada ambiente; 2- água ingerida por ave em cada ambiente; 3- ingestão de água e alimento por espécie sem considerar o ambiente. Tanto em ambientes fechados quanto em ambientes bem iluminados o consumo variou entre as espécies.

Palavras-chave: Avifauna Brasileira. Alojamento de Animais em Cativeiro. Consumo Alimentar

Abstract
Brazil retains a variability biodiversity with a rich wildlife, in addition to its unique ecosystems. Owing this, the interest to possess some animals like a pet significantly increased. The animals started be seen by smugglers men asvaluables, being treated without the minimal sanitary conditions and welfare. The goal of this work was to observe and understand how the environment can interfere in animals feed intake and water. The birds were transported to Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres – CRAS of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The birds were housed in two environments, with natural illumination and without illumination or with two types of illumination. Five species were used such as, Turdus rufiventris, Pitangus sulphuratus, Saltator similis, Sicalis flaveola, Soporophila angolensis. The following parameters were analyzed: 1- water intake/bird in every environment; 2- feed intake/bird in every environment; 3- water and feed intake/specie disregarding the environment. Booth indoors and illuminated environment consumption varied among the species.

Keywords: Brazilian Birdlife. Housing of Captivity Animals. Food Consumption.
Impacto da Desfolha Artificial no Desenvolvimento, Produtividade e Qualidade de Fibra do Algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Convencional e Adensado
Authors: Kodama Cassio , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , De Souza Ellen Patricia , Melo Elmo Pontes 
Published: August 2022

A capacidade do algodoeiro de se recuperar após uma desfolha se faz em função do nível de redução da área foliar, estágio de desenvolvimento da planta em que ocorrer a injúria, condições climáticas e práticas do sistema de cultivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da desfolha no desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade de fibra do algodoeiro, nos sistemas de espaçamentos adensado e convencional. Para isso, conduziu-se experimentos em condições de campo, em Dourados (MS), utilizando-se a cultivar NuOpal RR®, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso (com parcelas subdivididas) e quatro repetições em dois sistemas de cultivo (adensado e convencional). Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco fases de desenvolvimento da cultura: V3, B1, F1, F5 e C1, (de acordo com a escala de Marur e Ruano (2001) e quatro níveis de desfolhamento artificial (0%, 33%, 66% e 99% da área foliar). O efeito da desfolha nos índices de produtividade e qualidade de fibras foi dependente do estádio do fenológico em que a cultura se encontrava independente do sistema de cultivo estudado. Já quando as plantas estavam nos estádios B1 e F1 e sofreram desfolha de 99%, este afetou os índices de qualidade de fibras, enquanto a redução de área foliar no estádio C1 não afetou os índices de qualidade e produtividade do algodoeiro.

Palavras chave: Área Foliar. Dano. Sistemas de Cultivo. Algodão.

Abstract
The ability of the cotton plant to recover after defoliation is a function of the level of reduction of the leaf area, stage of development of the plant in which injury occurs, climatic conditions and practices of the cultivation system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of cotton submitted to different levels and times of defoliation in systems of conventional and narrow row cultivation. Experiments were conducted in field conditions, in Dourados (MS), using the cultivar NuOpal RR® in a randomized block design (with subdivided plots) and four replications in two cultivation systems (narrow row and conventional). The treatments consisted of five stages of crop development: V3, B1, F1, F5 and C1, (according to the scale of Marur & Ruano (2001) and four levels of artificial defoliation (0%, 33%, 66 % and 99% of the leaf area artificially eliminated.) The effect of defoliation on the indexes productivity and fiber quality depends on the phenological stage in which the culture was, independent of the cultivation system studied. When the plants were in stages B1 and F1 and suffered defoliation of 99%, this affected the fiber quality indexes, while the reduction of leaf area in the C1 stage did not affect the quality and productivity indexes of the cotton.

Keywords: Leaf Area. Damage. Cultivation Systems. Cotton.
Functional changes in the respiratory system after COVID-19-associated lung injury
Authors: Chernyak A. V. , Karchevskaya N. A. , Savushkina O. I. , Mustafina M. Kh. , Sinitsyn E. A. , Kalmanova E. N. , Samsonova M. V. , Zaryanova E. A. , Zykov K. A. 
Published: August 2022

Since the beginning of the pandemic, COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-2019) has been viewed as a respiratory disease with characteristic symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. However, some patients still have respiratory complaints and post-inflammatory changes in the lung tissue according to high-resolution computed tomography of the chest organs (CT scan) even after discharge from the hospital.The aim. To assess the functional changes in the respiratory system in patients who had COVID-19-associated lung injury using a comprehensive testing of the respiratory function (spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusion test) in the first 6 months after discharge from the hospital.Methods. The study included 434 patients (252 men and 182 women, aged 20 to 79 years), who were divided into 3 groups depending on the time interval between discharge from the hospital and the respiratory function test: Group 1 – 15 – 45 days; Group 2 – 46 – 93 days; Group 3 – 94 – 183 days. All patients underwent a comprehensive testing of respiratory function.Results. The average pulmonary ventilation indicators remained within the normal range both in the general group and in separate groups. A decrease in DLCO was found in most patients: in 53% of people in the general group, in 54, 54 and 51% of cases in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Restrictive ventilation disorders (reduction of TLC below the lower limit of normal (LLN)) were detected in 29 % of people in the general group, 33, 27 and 26% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Obstructive ventilation disorders (decrease in FEV1/FVC below LLN) were detected in 2 % in the general group, and in 3, 1 and 1% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Statistically significant correlations were found between the maximum volume of lung tissue damage in the acute period of COVID-19, the age of the patients, and the respiratory function indicators.Conclusion. The pulmonary ventilation indicators normalized within 6 months after COVID-19, while a decrease in lung diffusion capacity persisted in most patients and required further active follow-up.
Evaluation of thoracic diseases with computed tomography guided biopsy
Authors: Utpat Ketaki , Sharma Sandeep , Verma Ravi , Desai Unnati , Joshi J. M. , Bharmal R. N. 
Published: August 2022

Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous procedures like the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are reliable techniques for diagnosing various thoracic diseases. These modalities are used for diagnosis in suspicious lung, pleural, mediastinal and vertebral and pulmonary lesions.The aim. We conducted a study in a Pulmonary Medicine Department of tertiary care hospital to study the efficacy and safety of CT guided FNCA/FNAB in thoracic diseases.Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center with Information and Ethics committee permission within a total duration of two years. The study included patients presenting with following: 1) mediastinal mass lesions, 2) pulmonary solitary pulmonary nodules/masses, 3) pulmonary cavity, cyst and consolidation of undiagnosed etiology, 4) pleural mass, nodules, loculated collections, 5) extra-pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis suspects with pre/paravertebral abscess. Procedure details, radiological images and pathological and microbiological reports were retrieved from case record book of patients available in department.Results. Study population consisted of 108 patients. Neoplastic diseases were 85 (78.70%) and Non- neoplastic diseases 23 (21.29%). In neoplastic diseases 78.82% patients had lung Cancer of which 85.07% non small cell carcinoma and 14.92% small cell lung cancer. Out of non small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma of lung was the commonest. The most common non neoplastic diseases was tuberculosis. CT guided biopsy procedure was performed without any complications in 61.11%. The most common complication was pneumothorax (27.77%). The yield of CT guided biopsy was 98.14%.Conclusion. Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy is an effective, highly accurate, and safe method of obtaining tissue for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary lesions especially in neoplastic diseases and tuberculosis.
To study the role of sputum cytology in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD
Authors: Tuppekar Balaji G , Patel Shahid M , Nair Girija P , Uppe Abhay G 
Published: August 2022

COPD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. In addition to this, the major factor that is contributing in this disease is smoking. This kind of problem occurs due to airflow obstruction that influences the progressive and accompanied hyper-responsiveness. The patients with Asthma and COPD overlap (ACO) have a poor quality of life and more rapid decline in lung functions and high mortality. Also, they consume a disproportionate amount of health care resources. Moreover, sputum cell counts are extensively used in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The clinical application of sputum cell count in patients with both COPD and asthma remain elusive. The study aims to study the role of sputum cytology in patients with Bronchial Asthma and COPD. It was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, D Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India. The period of the study was from January 2020 to June 2021. The number of healthy patients recruited for the current study was 20, along with 20 asthmatic patients and 30 COPD patients. Spirometry and body plethysmography was used to measure the capacity and volume of the lungs of all the patients. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was conducted for counting the differences in counts of lung function variables and sputum cells. The mean age of healthy patients was 62.78±6.1 years, asthmatic patient was 55.9±12.8 years and COPD patients was 65.8±5.2 years. According to the analysis, the specific airway's conductance for aesthetic patients was [0.60±0.04 kPa.Sec⁻¹] and for the patient who was suffering from COPD, the score was [1.82±0.19 kPa.Sec⁻¹] and the outcome for healthy patients was [1.19±0.12 kPa.Sec⁻¹].The study has found a strong relationship between sGaw and neutrophil and the neutrophil-macrophage ratio of COPD patients. According to the analysis of the study outcome, eosinophils are important for the respiratory inflammatory infiltrates in asthma patients as well as in COPD.
Clinical characteristics of covid 19 (SARS-CoV-2) patients at a tertiary health care centre
Authors: Dugad Sushama , Shinde Ravindra J , Kulkarni Gauri , Subbarao Kappagantu Surya Chaitanya Neeladrirao 
Published: August 2022

Global pandemic started in early December 2019 from Wuhan, China and this didn’t spare any part of the world. Millions of deaths have been reported and the disease treatment has been itself challenging due to varied clinical presentation. Hence, we studied to know the clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated withSARS-CoV-2.Observational study was conducted during period of May 2020 to July 2020 on patients diagnosed positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR method. Study was don’t know the clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcome of the patients.Our study found out of 640 patients admitted, 70.31% were males while females were 29.68% and mostly affected were age group of 30-39 age (26.4%). Fever was observed most commonly in our study group. 77.34% patients didn’t have any coexisting comorbidity in the admitted cases; Hypertension was most common among the admitted cases. We found mortality in 12.66% cases and concomitant diabetes and hypertension was leading comorbidity in the deaths of SARS-CoV-2.COVID 19 has spread like wildfire globally since first reported in Wuhan, China. It has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation with no particular signs and symptoms pinpointing the diagnosis. Appropriate investigations with quicker results are needed to achieve the same.
Outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation in ankle fractures at a tertiary care center
Authors: Sivaram G V Venkata , Jaiswal Ritesh , Reddy S.V.L. Narasimha , Srinath Daruru Venkata 
Published: August 2022

Closed reduction used for management of ankle fractures usually result into delayed healing. It inhibits the healing of the ankle fractures. On the contrary, open reduction and internal fixation helps to preserve the supply of blood not only to soft tissues but also bones. This way it helps in proper and timely healing.To study outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation in ankle fractures A hospital based prospective study was carried out among 40 cases of ankle fractures. Detailed history, general examination were carried out as per the pre-tested, pre-designed study questionnaire. Once patient was found to be eligible for present study, surgical profile and pre-anesthetic check-up was done as per standard guidelines. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation method. Most commonly affected age group was 31-40 years (40%). Males were affected more than females (4:1). Vehicular accident was most common cause (65%) of ankle fracture. 95% had closed fracture. Most common injury pattern (57.5%) was Pronation external rotation. K-wire was most commonly used (40%) operative technique. Among the variables, open type of fracture and other mode of injury were significantly associated with painful gait. There were no other complications recorded. 70% had excellent outcome and 25% had good outcome. Among all factors studied, only open type of fracture was found associated with functional outcome that is not excellent.Thus open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice in case of fracture ankle joint, with very less change of complications
The prevalence of NAFLD in CAD and it’s correlation with their severity
Authors: Parhi Ashirbad , Satpathy Chhabi , Mohanty Nirmal Kumar , Routray Satya Narayan , Dash Bijay Kumar 
Published: August 2022

To study the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Coronary Artery Disease patient and the correlation of Coronary Artery Disease severity in patients of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Study included 124 patients of Coronary Artery Disease who underwent detailed clinical and anthropometric examination and routine blood investigations. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease grading was done. Coronary angiography was done and angiographic severity was calculated by Gensini score. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease was found in 71% of patient. There is a significant difference of Gensini score between patients with and without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. All the stage of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease had a significant difference of Gensini score among them with but there was no difference of Gensini score between stage 1 and 2. The presence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is associated with a higher Gensini score, however a higher grade of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease doesn’t mandate a higher Gensini score.
A prospective comparative study of TZANAKIS score versus ALVARADO score in the effective diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Patel Lincoln Kumar , Dash Koresh Prasad , Mallick Sworupa Nanda , Mishra Anupam 
Published: August 2022

: Multiple scoring systems have been addressed to identify those patients who need emergency appendicectomy as the risk of delay could be avoided. Of these, the consideration of both sore related to the Alvarado and Tzanakis is essential for the study to understand the effective diagnose of acute appendicitis. The study aims to compare and evaluate Alvarado and Tzanakis score for diagnosing the acute appendicitis. This study was conducted in the department of General Surgery associated with the M.K.C.G, Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur from August, 2018 to July, 2020. A total of 96 patients were being considered for carrying out a systematic study after carefully verifying a variety of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To conduct the study in a systematic manner, the doctor has analyzed and given the score of Alvarado and Tzanakis. On the basis of score of these two approaches, the medical team has provided the treatment to these patients. The proper identification of score has helped to select the method of operation and surgery. In addition to this, the comparison of score focusing on the NPV and PPV has also allowed for identifying the sensitivity. The Alvarado and Tzanakis score was found to have sensitivity along with the specificity of 94.44% and 83.33% respectively. However, the PPV and NPV was found to be 98.84% and 50.00% respectively as compared to Alvarado score where sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was found out to be 77.77%, 66.66%, 97.22% and 16.66% respectively. From the study, it has carried out that the Tzanakis scoring system has been addressed a more reliable for analyzing the condition of patients and offering the treatment. Diagnostic. Alvarado score, with the former achieving higher sensitivity and PPV.