bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Forcelini Cassiano Mateus , Chichelero Estevão Ramon , de Oliveira Alexandra Toazza , Tres da Silva Francisco , Durigan Pietro Henrique Barbosa , Ramos Nathália Orso , Bianchini Larissa , Battistel Bárbara Luiza Inocêncio , Borghetti Vinicius 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common compressive neuropathy linked to disability in severe cases. Tools capable of distinguishing the severity spectrum median nerve entrapment in clinical practice are desirable.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 58 CTS patients assisted in a Brazilian neurologic clinic. Participants were naive of surgical interventions and answered to Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). CTS was classified as mild, moderate, and severe according to electrodiagnostic testing.

Results:
There was no significant difference in BCTQ scores across the severity spectrum of median nerve entrapment, not even comparing mild cases with the group moderate/severe. Mild cases were younger (mean ± SD: 46.5 ± 9.2 years) than severe ones (60.0 ± 13.5, P = 0.04) and the group moderate/severe (55.5 ± 14.5, P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Results suggest that BCTQ is not adequate to assess the interpatient severity of median nerve entrapment on clinical practice.
Differences in Weight Gain Following Residential Relocation in the Moving to Health (M2H) Study
Authors: Cruz Maricela , Drewnowski Adam , Bobb Jennifer F. , Hurvitz Philip M. , Vernez Moudon Anne , Cook Andrea , Mooney Stephen J. , Buszkiewicz James H. , Lozano Paula , Rosenberg Dori E. , Kapos Flavia , Theis Mary Kay , Anau Jane , Arterburn David 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Neighborhoods may play an important role in shaping long-term weight trajectory and obesity risk. Studying the impact of moving to another neighborhood may be the most efficient way to determine the impact of the built environment on health. We explored whether residential moves were associated with changes in body weight.

Methods:
Kaiser Permanente Washington electronic health records were used to identify 21,502 members aged 18–64 who moved within King County, WA between 2005 and 2017. We linked body weight measures to environment measures, including population, residential, and street intersection densities (800 m and 1,600 m Euclidian buffers) and access to supermarkets and fast foods (1,600 m and 5,000 m network distances). We used linear mixed models to estimate associations between postmove changes in environment and changes in body weight.

Results:
In general, moving from high-density to moderate- or low-density neighborhoods was associated with greater weight gain postmove. For example, those moving from high to low residential density neighborhoods (within 1,600 m) gained an average of 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0, 5.9) lbs 3 years after moving, whereas those moving from low to high-density neighborhoods gained an average of 1.3 (95% CI = −0.2, 2.9) lbs. Also, those moving from neighborhoods without fast-food access (within 1600m) to other neighborhoods without fast-food access gained less weight (average 1.6 lbs [95% CI = 0.9, 2.4]) than those moving from and to neighborhoods with fast-food access (average 2.8 lbs [95% CI = 2.5, 3.2]).

Conclusions:
Moving to higher-density neighborhoods may be associated with reductions in adult weight gain.
Time to source control and outcome in community-acquired intra-abdominal infections
Authors: Roger Claire , Garrigue Delphine , Bouhours Guillaume , Dupont Hervé , Bouzat Pierre , Bardon Jean , Pottecher Julien , Montravers Philippe , Michelet Pierre , Perbet Sébastien , Aymart Katia , Incagnoli Pascal , Lloret Sophie , Louart Benjamin , Harrois Anatole 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Optimal management of community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (IAI) requires timely surgical source control and adequate anti-infective treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the initial management of community-acquired IAI admitted to the emergency department and assess the association between the length of time to either diagnosis or therapeutic procedures and patient outcomes.

DESIGN
A prospective, multicentre, observational study.

SETTING
Thirteen teaching hospitals in France between April 2018 and February 2019.

PATIENTS
Two hundred and five patients aged at least 18 years diagnosed with community-acquired IAI.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. The secondary outcome was hospital mortality.

RESULTS
Patients had a mean age of 56 (± 21) years and a median [interquartile] SAPS II of 26 [17 to 34]. Among the study cohort, 18% were postoperatively transferred to intensive care unit and 7% had died by day 28. Median [IQR] time to imaging, antibiotic therapy and surgery were 4 [2 to 6], 7.5 [4 to 12.5] and 9 [5.5 to 17] hours, respectively. The length of time to surgical source control [0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98 to 0.99], SOFA greater than 2 [0.36 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.651)], age greater than 60 years [0.65 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94)], generalized peritonitis [0.7 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.89)] and laparotomy surgery [0.657 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.78)] were associated with longer hospital length of stay. The duration of time to surgical source control [1.02 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04)], generalized peritonitis [2.41 (95% CI, 1.27 to 4.61)], and SOFA score greater than 2 [6.14 (95% CI, 1.40 to 26.88)] were identified as independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.

CONCLUSION
This multicentre observational study revealed that the time to surgical source control, patient severity and generalized peritonitis were identified as independent risk factors for increased hospital LOS and mortality in community-acquired IAI. Organisational strategies to reduce the time to surgical management of intra-abdominal infections should be further evaluated.

STUDY REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov on 1 April 2018, NCT03544203.
Reducing Topical Drug Waste in Ophthalmic Surgery: Multi-society Position Paper
Authors: Palmer David J. , Robin Alan L. , McCabe Cathleen M. , Chang David F. ,   for the Ophthalmic Instrument Cleaning and Sterilization Task Force
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
This position paper on reducing topical drug waste with ophthalmic surgery was written by the Ophthalmic Instrument Cleaning and Sterilization task force, comprised of representatives of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Glaucoma Society, and the Outpatient Ophthalmic Surgery Society. Drug waste significantly increases the costs and carbon footprint of ophthalmic surgery. Surgical facilities should be permitted to use topical drugs in multidose containers on multiple patients until the manufacturer’s labeled date of expiration, if proper guidelines are followed. Surgical patients requiring a topical medication not used for other patients should be allowed to bring that partially used medication home for postoperative use. These recommendations are based on published evidence and clarification of policies from multiple regulatory and accrediting agencies with jurisdiction over surgical facilities. Surveys suggest that most ambulatory surgery centers and hospitals performing cataract surgery are wasting topical drugs unnecessarily.
HIV Care Disengagement and Antiretroviral Treatment Discontinuation in Mexico: A Qualitative Study Based on the Ecological Model Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Aguilera-Mijares Santiago , Martínez-Dávalos Araczy , Vermandere Heleen , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In 2018, 24% of Mexican men living with HIV were disengaged from HIV care, which impedes their use of antiretroviral treatment (ART). To identify HIV care disengagement and/or ART discontinuation factors using an ecological framework, we conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with men who have sex with men from the HIV state clinic of Tabasco, Mexico. HIV care disengagement was attributed to interpersonal, organizational, and community factors, whereas ART discontinuation was attributed to intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Intrapersonal factors were burden of ART, substance use, mental health problems, and feeling well or ill. Interpersonal factors included family stigma or support, and partner discouragement. Factors at the organizational level were HIV care-related: inconvenient follow-ups, negative provider interactions, and reentry obstacles; and work-related: absences, work stigma, and travel. Community factors were social stigma and economic means. Interventions should target multiple levels of interdependent factors, distinguishing between HIV care disengagement and ART discontinuation factors.
Ceftriaxone resistance and adequacy of initial antibiotic therapy in community onset bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Van Besien Richard F. , Hampton Nicholas , Micek Scott T. , Kollef Marin H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Much remains unknown about the impact of initial antibiotic adequacy on mortality in community onset bacterial pneumonia (COBP). Therefore, we performed a study to determine how the adequacy of initial antibiotic therapy affects in-hospital mortality for patients with COBP.
We carried out a retrospective cohort study among the 11 BJC Healthcare community and academic hospitals in Missouri and Illinois. The electronic medical records for BJC Healthcare were queried to obtain a set of patient admissions with culture positive (respiratory or blood) COBP admitted from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2019. Patients with COBP required an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnostic code for pneumonia, admission to the hospital through an emergency department, a chest radiograph with an infiltrate, an abnormal white blood cell count or temperature, an order for 1 or more new antibiotics, and a positive respiratory or blood culture. Antibiotic selection was deemed adequate if the patient had organisms susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics received according to in vitro testing using standard laboratory breakpoints.
Among 36,645 screened pneumonia admissions, 1843 met criteria for culture positive COBP. Eight hundred nineteen (44.4%) had ceftriaxone-resistant (CTX-R) organisms and 1024 had ceftriaxone-sensitive (CTX-S) organisms. The most common CTX-R pathogens were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (46.9%), Pseudomonas species (38.4%), and Escherichia coli (4.5%). On the day of admission 71% of all patients were given adequate antibiotic treatment (62.2% of CTX-R and 77.9% of CTX-S). Unnecessarily broad initial treatment was administered to 57.1% of CTX-S patients. In a logistic regression model accounting for comorbidities and severity of illness, inadequate therapy on the day of admission was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (P = .005). Among CTX-S patients who were adequately treated, initial use of unnecessarily broad antibiotics was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (P = .003).
Ceftriaxone resistance was common in this cohort of culture positive COBP patients. Inappropriate coverage on day of admission was associated with greater likelihood of in-hospital mortality.
Epidemiology of ascites fluid infections in patients with cirrhosis in Queensland, Australia from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Ratnasekera Isanka U. , Johnson Amy , Powell Elizabeth E. , Henderson Andrew , Irvine Katharine M. , Valery Patricia C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a common infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the epidemiology of ascites fluid infections over time in an Australian population, including patient demographics, trends in mortality, length of hospital stay and the nature and antibiotic resistance profile of causative organisms.
An observational descriptive population-based epidemiological study of patients with cirrhosis admitted to public hospitals in Queensland during 2008–2017 was performed, linking demographic/clinical and microbiology data.
Among 103,165 hospital admissions of patients with cirrhosis, ascites was present in 16,550 and in 60% (9977) a sample of ascitic fluid was tested. SBP was diagnosed in 770 admissions (neutrophil count >250/ml) and bacterascites in 552 (neutrophil count <250/ml with positive culture). The number of admissions with an ascites fluid infection increased by 76% from 2008 to 2017, paralleling an 84% increase in cirrhosis admissions over the same timeframe. Patients with SBP had a longer hospital stay (median 15.7 vs 8.3 days for patients without SBP, P < .001) and higher in-hospital mortality, although this decreased from 39.5% in 2008 to 2010 to 24.8% in 2015 to 2017 (P < .001). Common Gram-positive isolates included coagulase negative staphylococci (37.9%), viridans group streptococci (12.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.2%). Common Gram-negative isolates included Escherichia coli (13.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.1%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2.6%). The prevalence of resistance to any tested antibiotic was <10%.
SBP remains associated with high in-hospital mortality and long hospital stay. Typical skin and bowel pathogens were common, therefore, empirical antibiotic therapy should target these pathogens. This study provides valuable evidence informing infection management strategies in this vulnerable patient population.
A retrospective controlled study of postoperative fever after posterior lumbar interbody fusion due to degenerative lumbar disease
Authors: Lee Jung Jae , Kim Jeong Hee , Jeon Ju Hee , Kim Myeong Jong , Park Byong Gon , Jung Sang Ku , Jeon Sang Ryong , Roh Sung Woo , Park Jin Hoon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative fever is a common feature of spinal surgery. When fever occurs postoperatively in patients, surgeons are eager to rule out an infection. There are many reports about postoperative fever and infection; however, only a few have described the relationship between degenerative spinal disease and postoperative fever. This study aimed to investigate the causes of postoperative fever in patients with degenerative lumbar disease undergoing posterior screw fixation and interbody fusion and compare patients with non-pathologic fever and infected febrile patients.

Methods:
From March 2015 to February 2016, 263 patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent posterior lumbar screw fixation and interbody fusion surgery in our institution. We performed risk factor analysis by categorizing patients as afebrile and febrile. Comparisons were made between afebrile patients and patients with non-pathologic fever, and an analysis was performed between patients with non-pathologic fever and patients with febrile infection. We compared each group by examining the demographic factors before surgery, surgery features, drain duration, and postoperative transfusion. The postoperative day (POD) of fever onset, postoperative fever duration, and blood sample results in patients with fever were investigated.

Results:
The drain duration was found to be an important factor between the afebrile febrile groups and between the non-pathologic fever and afebrile groups. POD of fever occurred earlier in the non-pathologic group than in the infection group (p = 0.04), and the duration of fever was shorter in the non-pathologic fever group than in the infection group (p = 0.01). Higher procalcitonin levels were observed at POD 5 in the infection group than in the non-pathologic fever group. (p < 0.01) The accidental dural rupture rate was higher in the infected group (p = 0.02); this was thought to be caused by the long non-ambulatory period after surgery.

Conclusion:
This study identified risk factors and differences between infectious diseases associated with postoperative fever. A significant risk factor for postoperative non-pathological fever was a shorter catheter drainage period. Fever after 3 days, fever for more than 4 days and higher procalcitonin levels after surgery suggest infection.
Wasting condition as a marker for severe disease in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Jin Wook , Yang Dong-Hwa , Tchah Hann , Kwon Kwang-An , Kim Jung-Ho , Jeong Su-Jin , Hahm Ki-Baik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, studies have shown different results, and the association between prognosis and wasting conditions in pediatric patients with CD is uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance of wasting in pediatric CD patients.
We retrospectively analyzed data on wasting syndrome in patients diagnosed with CD at the Pediatric Department of Gachon University Gil Medical Center between January 1995 and January 2018.
Of 105 patients diagnosed with CD, 39.0% were classified into the wasting group (weight-for-age z-score ≤−1) and 61.0% into the nonwasting group (weight-for-age z-score >−1). Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age z-scores at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with wasting (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Additionally, wasting was significantly associated with low levels of hemoglobin (P < .001), high levels of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (P = .005) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = .04), and a smaller surface area of the gluteus maximus muscle (P < .001). Interestingly, since the site of CD involvement and other markers for nutrition did not correlate with wasting syndrome, wasting appears to be a marker for the severity of pediatric CD. Lastly, the wasting group tended to have a greater use of biologic therapy after first-line therapy failed to improve wasting syndrome.
Wasting syndrome, including sarcopenia, can serve as a marker for the severity of pediatric CD.
Head-to-head comparison of the efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Yu Wenfeng , Shen Yanqin , Zhu Pengfei , Chen Da 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) and Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) head-to-head using meta-analysis method.

Methods:
On May 12, 2021, we searched multiple databases for reports that used Xpert Ultra and Xpert for TBP diagnosis head-to-head and screened eligible studies for inclusion. Accuracy of Xpert Ultra and Xpert were compared to that of the composite reference standard (CRS) and culture. When heterogeneity was evident, sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analyses.

Results:
Five articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. When results from different specimens or different reference standards were reported in the same article, we analyzed them as separate studies. Thus, 6 studies compared Xpert Ultra and Xpert with CRS, 5 studies compared Xpert Ultra and Xpert with culture. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert Ultra were 52% and 98% compared to CRS, and 82% and 77% compared to culture. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were 22% and 99% compared to CRS, and 48% and 94% compared to culture. Significant heterogeneity in sensitivity was observed compared to CRS.

Conclusion:
The sensitivity of Xpert Ultra was moderate but better than that of the Xpert; however, its specificity was lower. The role of Xpert Ultra and Xpert in the early and rapid diagnosis of TBP was limited.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the 2023 Magnet® Application Manual
Authors: Bryant Tiffany , Pruski Beth B. , Yarbrough Carey B.R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The mission and vision of the Magnet Recognition Program® is to continually elevate patient care and transform healthcare globally through an environment where nurses and the interprofessional team flourish. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) affect healthcare workers and patients. The Commission on Magnet Recognition further integrated structures and processes involving DEI into the 2023 Magnet® Application Manual to emphasize the importance of organizations' enculturation of these initiatives as a part of the mission and vision. This Magnet Perspectives column reviews the organizational overview items and sources of evidence addressing DEI in the 2023 Magnet Application Manual and offers resources for nursing leadership.
Reversing the Great Resignation in Nursing
Authors: Boston-Fleischhauer Carol 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Much has been written about the impact of COVID-19 on the US labor market, most recently described as the Great Resignation of employees in American industries. The question for healthcare executives is whether factors prompting massive resignations in other industries have any bearing on efforts to retain the healthcare workforce, particularly in nursing, and what nursing leaders can do to address this trend.
Years of life lost to cancer among the US HIV population, 2006–2015
Authors: Luo Qianlai , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Noone Anne-Michelle , Horner Marie-Josèphe , Engels Eric A. , Shiels Meredith S. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
We estimated years of life lost (YLLs) to all causes of death and YLL lost to cancer among persons with HIV (PWH) in the United States.

Design:
Linked HIV and cancer registry data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among PWH in 11 regions of the United States during 2006–2015.

Methods:
Mean YLL (MYLL) to all causes of death and MYLL to cancer during 2006–2015 were derived from the restricted mean survival estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models. MYLLs were then upweighted to the national population of PWH to obtain all-cause total YLL (TYLL) and cancer-related TYLL in the United Staets during 2006–2015.

Results:
Among 466 234 PWH in the study population, 25 772 (5.5%) developed cancer during 2006–2015. Nationally, an estimated 134 986 years of life were lost to cancer of all types during 2006–2015 among PWH, representing 9.6% of TYLL to all causes. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Kaposi sarcoma, anal cancer, and lung cancer were the four largest cancer contributors (45% of TYLL to cancer). The largest fraction of TYLL occurred among back PWH, MSM, and PWH aged 40–59 years old.

Conclusion:
PWH have higher mortality rates after developing cancer. NHL, Kaposi sarcoma and anal and lung cancers were large contributors to YLL to cancer in the United States population of PWH, highlighting opportunities to reduce cancer mortality through improved access to antiretroviral treatment, prevention, and screening.