bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates the cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy in major depression
Authors: Chen Xing , Zhang Tongtong , Shan Xiaoyan , Yang Qun , Zhang Peiyun , Zhu Haijiao , Jiang Fei , Liu Chao , Li Yanzhong , Li Weijun , Xu Jian , Shen Hongmei 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe retrospective study aimed to explore the difference in mood outcomes and cognitive function between high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and electroconvulsive therapy in major depression disorder (MDD) patients and to examine the improvement of HF-rTMS on cognitive impairment evoked by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).Materials and methodsA total of 116 participants with MDD, who completed a 4-week follow-up assessment, were enrolled. The cohort consisted of 26 cases classed as control, 46 participants administrated with HF-rTMS (HF-rTMS group), 22 patients treated with ECT (ECT group), and 23 cases treated with HF-rTMS and ECT at the course of hospitalization (HF-rTMS + ECT group). Medication was kept constant as well in all participants. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14) were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was to elevate cognitive function.ResultsNo statistical significance was found for baseline in sociodemographic, characteristics of depression, anxiety and cognition, and psychopharmaceutic dosages among control, HF-rTMS, ECT, and HF-rTMS + ECT groups (p &gt; 0.05). Compared with baseline level, total scores of HAMD-17 and HAMA-14 significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks after treatment (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the decline in scores of HAMD-17 and its sleep disorder and retardation factors from baseline to post-treatment was greater in HF-rTMS, ECT, and HF-rTMS + ECT group than in control (p &lt; 0.05), and there was a significant difference between control and HF-rTMS group in the decline of psychological factor of HAMA-14 (p &lt; 0.01). ECT treatment evoked total score of MoCA to decrease significantly at the end of 4-week after intervention (p &lt; 0.001), and the decline in scores of MoCA and its delayed recall and language performances from baseline to post-treatment was greater in ECT than control, HF-rTMS, and HF-rTMS + ECT (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionHigh-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improved psychological anxiety and ameliorated the cognition impairment evoked by ECT though it had the same anti-depressant efficacy as ECT.
Neural mechanism of the relationship between sleep efficiency and clinical improvement in major depressive disorder: A longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhao Wenming , Zhang Yu , Yu Jiakuai , Wang Ting , Zhang Jiajia , Li Yifei , Zhu Jiajia , Zhu Dao-min 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAntidepressants represent the most common treatment of choice for major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to explore the status-related changes (acute vs. remitted status) in brain function in patients with MDD.MethodsRegular antidepressant medications (an average of 7 months after the initial visit, remitted status) were received by 48 patients with MDD. All the patients underwent MRI and polysomnography examinations as well as clinical assessment at each visit.ResultsWe found that baseline fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of right superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and middle frontal gyrus could predict depression and anxiety symptoms improvement from acute to remitted status in patients with MDD, respectively. Moreover, we found a significant positive correlation between the fALFF of right SPG and baseline sleep efficiency (SE) in patients with MDD. Further mediation analysis revealed that the fALFF of right SPG mediated the relationship between baseline SE and depressive symptom improvement.ConclusionApart from highlighting the fALFF as a potential prognostic indicator to predict and track disease progression in patients with MDD, these findings might provide a neural mechanism basis for improving sleep quality of patients with MDD and thus promoting the recovery of clinical symptoms, as well as provide a practical basis for clinical interventions in patients with MDD with sleep disorders.
Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) to recruit people who inject drugs (PWID) and other hard-to-reach populations during COVID-19: Lessons learned
Authors: Abadie Roberto , Habecker Patrick , Carrasco Kimberly Gocchi , Chiou Kathy S. , Fernando Samodha , Bennett Sydney J. , Valentin-Acevedo Aníbal , Dombrowski Kirk , West John T. , Wood Charles 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRespondent Driven Sampling (RDS) is an effective sampling strategy to recruit hard-to-reach populations but the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of this strategy in the collection of data involving human subjects, particularly among marginalized and vulnerable populations, is not known. Based on an ongoing study using RDS to recruit and study the interactions between HIV infection, injection drug use, and the microbiome in Puerto Rico, this paper explores the effectiveness of RDS during the pandemic and provided potential strategies that could improve recruitment and data collection.ResultsRDS was employed to evaluate its effectiveness in recruiting a group of people who inject drugs (PWID) and controls (N = 127) into a study in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were distributed among three subsets: 15 were HIV+ and PWID, 58 were HIV- PWID, and 54 were HIV+ and not PWID.FindingsResults show that recruitment through peer networks using RDS was possible across all sub-groups. Yet, while those in the HIV+ PWID sub-group managed to recruit from other-sub groups of HIV- PWID and HIV+, this occurred at a lower frequency.ConclusionDespite the barriers introduced by COVID-19, it is clear that even in this environment, RDS continues to play a powerful role in recruiting hard-to-reach populations. Yet, more attention should be paid at how future pandemics, natural disasters, and other big events might affect RDS recruitment of vulnerable and hard-to-reach populations.
Case report: From anxiety disorders to psychosis, a continuum in transitional age youth?
Authors: Reis Joana , Marchini Simone , Nicolis Hélène , Delvenne Véronique 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionTo date, among individuals meeting ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis, the relationship between the presence of anxiety disorders and the risk of psychotic transition raises several unanswered questions.Case descriptionThis case report describes the clinical progression of a 17-year-old male initially presenting anxious symptoms meeting the DSM-V criteria for panic disorder. The patient also reported social withdraw, mild depressive symptoms, insomnia and fatigue. Over a 6 month period, a gradual onset of subthreshold psychotic symptoms suggested a prodromal phase of a psychotic disorder.Diagnostic assessment and therapeutic interventionA detailed assessment of UHR criteria for psychosis was performed. The overall level of social and occupational functioning was assessed by the SOFAS, which showed a 35% drop over a 12 months period. The CAARMS, has also been administered. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for UHR, APS group. The care plan included psychiatric follow-up, pharmacologic treatment, individual psychological follow-up and individual and familial psychoeducation. Over a 6 months period, the patient did not experienced a first psychotic episode and presented a partial improvement of psychotic symptoms.ConclusionThe DSM-V categorical approach does not seem to adapt well to early clinical presentations in transitional age youth. A transdiagnostic and dimensional approach allows to better identify at-risk patients of psychiatric disorders and implement early intervention strategies.
Effect of intergenerational exchange patterns and intergenerational relationship quality on depressive symptoms in the elderly: An empirical study on CHARLS data
Authors: Zheng Ranran , Yu Mingyang , Huang Li , Wang Fang , Gao Baizhi , Fu Duanduan , Zhu Jinghui , Liu Guilin 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAs the population ages with fewer children, depression symptoms are increasing among the elderly who lack companionship. Intergenerational support is closely related to depression in the elderly; hence how the behavioral patterns and emotional quality of intergenerational support affect depressive symptoms in the elderly should be further explored.ObjectiveTo study the effects of intergenerational exchange patterns and intergenerational relationship quality on depressive symptoms in the elderly.MethodsA total of 8,015 people over 60 years old in CHARLS in 2018 were selected as the object of this study. First, the correlation between demographics, economic conditions, health status, intergenerational support patterns, intergenerational relationship quality, and depressive symptoms in the elderly were analyzed. Three regression analysis models were established to analyze the relationship between control variables, intergenerational support patterns, intergenerational relationship quality, and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Results: Among the intergenerational economic, care, and emotional exchange modes, the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly in the mutual support group was 31.8, 38.4, and 25.5% lower than that in the non-communication group. Compared with the elderly with very poor intergenerational relationship quality, the elderly with good, very good, and excellent intergenerational relationship quality had 74.5, 84.0, and 85.6% lower risk of depressive symptoms.DiscussionDifferent cultural backgrounds also affect intergenerational exchange patterns and depression in the elderly. During the study of depressive symptoms, two aspects relating to intergenerational support should be considered behaviorally and emotionally: the intergenerational exchange model and the intergenerational relationship quality. As depression in the elderly is affected by multiple factors, the participation and joint efforts of the whole society are required to reduce depressive symptoms in the elderly and realize active aging.ConclusionThe intergenerational exchange pattern of mutual support and the higher quality of the intergenerational relationship can significantly reduce the depressive symptoms of the elderly.
Application of a person-centered prescription model improves pharmacotherapeutic indicators and reduces costs associated with pharmacological treatment in hospitalized older patients at the end of life
Authors: Ferro-Uriguen Alexander , Beobide-Telleria Idoia , Gil-Goikouria Javier , Peña-Labour Petra Teresa , Díaz-Vila Andrea , Herasme-Grullón Arlovia Teresa , Echevarría-Orella Enrique , Seco-Calvo Jesús 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate whether applying an adapted person-centered prescription (PCP) model reduces the total regular medications in older people admitted in a subacute hospital at the end of life (EOL), improving pharmacotherapeutic indicators and reducing the expense associated with pharmacological treatment.DesignRandomized controlled trial. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05454644).SettingA subacute hospital in Basque Country, Spain.SubjectsAdults ≥65 years (n = 114) who were admitted to a geriatric convalescence unit and required palliative care.InterventionThe adapted PCP model consisted of a systematic four-step process conducted by geriatricians and clinical pharmacists. Relative to the original model, this adapted model entails a protocol for the tools and assessments to be conducted on people identified as being at the EOL.MeasurementsAfter applying the adapted PCP model, the mean change in the number of regular drugs, STOPPFrail (Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions in Frail adults with limited life expectancy) criteria, drug burden index (DBI), drug–drug interactions, medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) and 28-days medication cost of chronic prescriptions between admission and discharge was analyzed. All patients were followed for 3 months after hospital discharge to measure the intervention's effectiveness over time on pharmacotherapeutic variables and the cost of chronic medical prescriptions.ResultsThe number of regular prescribed medications at baseline was 9.0 ± 3.2 in the intervention group and 8.2 ± 3.5 in the control group. The mean change in the number of regular prescriptions at discharge was −1.74 in the intervention group and −0.07 in the control group (mean difference = 1.67 ± 0.57; p = 0.007). Applying a PCP model reduced all measured criteria compared with pre-admission (p &lt; 0.05). At discharge, the mean change in 28-days medication cost was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (−34.91€ vs. −0.36€; p &lt; 0.004).ConclusionApplying a PCP model improves pharmacotherapeutic indicators and reduces the costs associated with pharmacological treatment in hospitalized geriatric patients at the EOL, continuing for 3 months after hospital discharge. Future studies must investigate continuity in the transition between hospital care and primary care so that these new care models are offered transversally and not in isolation.
Incentives to promote accessing HIV care and viral suppression among HIV self-screening test users who obtain a reactive result
Authors: Majam Mohammad , Phatsoane Mothepane , Wonderlik Theodore , Rhagnath Naleni , Schmucker Laura K. , Singh Leanne , Rademeyer Michael , Thirumurthy Harsha , Marcus Noora , Lalla-Edward Samanta 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAchieving viral suppression in people with HIV is crucial in ending the AIDS epidemic. Among users of HIV self-screening tests, low rates of linkage to care and early retention in care are key obstacles to achieving viral suppression. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of financial incentives in supporting HIV case management.MethodsYoung adults within the inner city of Johannesburg, South Africa and surrounding areas who used HIV self-tests, were able to use WhatsApp to communicate with study personnel, reported a reactive or invalid result, and were confirmed to by HIV-positive were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomised to an intervention arm that received reminders and financial rewards for engaging in care, or to a control arm that received the standard of care. The primary outcome was HIV viral load at six months.ResultsAmong 2,388 HIV self-test kits that were distributed, 1757/2,388 (73,58%) recipients were able to use their phones to send photos to study personnel. 142/1,757 (8,08%) of these recipients reported reactive or invalid results. Upon confirmatory testing, 99/142 (69,71%) participants were identified as being HIV-positive and were enrolled in the study. 2 (1,41%) participants received an HIV negative result, and 41(28,87%) participants were either lost to follow-up or did not complete the confirmatory testing step. 20/99 (20,2%) from the intervention arm and 18/99 (18,18%) from the control arm completed the study (i.e., attended a 6 month follow up and participated in the exit interview). 29/99 (29,29%) were virally suppressed by at 6 months. Of those achieving viral suppression 15 (51,72%) were from the intervention arm.ConclusionFinancial incentives and reminders were not effective in promoting engagement with HIV care and viral suppression in this setting.
L’école à l’épreuve des incertitudes ou de la nécessité de l’institution : les défis à venir au prisme de la crise sanitaire
Authors: Jellab Aziz 
Published: October 2022

Si la crise sanitaire a fortement déstabilisé l’institution scolaire, elle a également mis en lumière sa capacité d’adaptation et d’invention de réponses inédites. Ainsi, plusieurs enseignements peuvent être dégagés de cette crise : elle confirme, à la manière d’un miroir grossissant, l’existence de fortes inégalités sociales face à l’école et aux apprentissages ; elle s’inscrit dans l’émergence et l'installation durable d’un contexte marqué par des incertitudes pointant autant de défis à relever par l’école à venir ; elle dessine enfin de nouvelles perspectives dont les deux principales réfèrent à la promotion chez les élèves d’un esprit éclairé et critique – notamment dans l’usage du numérique –, et à la mise en œuvre d’une réelle politique volontariste en faveur de la mixité sociale. Ces perspectives ne sauraient atteindre leur cible sans une gouvernance repensée du système éducatif.
Interroger la forme scolaire à partir de l’expérience de la continuité pédagogique : analyse comparative des pratiques d’une enseignante avant et pendant le confinement
Authors: Mamede Maíra , Allard Cécile 
Published: October 2022

Avec l’annonce du confinement de mars 2020 en France, les enseignants ont été amenés à improviser pour relever le défi de la continuité pédagogique. Cela s’est fait à partir de leurs propres possibilités et celles de leurs publics, avec des variations importantes et avec un risque d’accroissement des processus d’inégalités à l’œuvre. Le présent article propose une comparaison des pratiques ordinaires d’une enseignante de cycle 3 (double niveau CM1-CM2) en mathématiques, avec ce qu’elle a mis en place lors de la continuité pédagogique, en s’appuyant sur le concept de forme scolaire. Dans son cas, bien que les conditions de la mise en œuvre de la continuité pédagogique soient plutôt favorables, cette expérience n’est pas complètement satisfaisante. Ces résultats renforcent l’idée d’une stabilité de la forme scolaire.
« J’enseigne alors que je suis assistante » : ambiguïté des missions des assistants de maternelle
Authors: Troncy Christel 
Published: October 2022

Dans quelle mesure les missions pédagogiques des assistants de maternelle plus explicitement pointées dans le référentiel-métier depuis 2018 s’assimilent-elles au travail enseignant et redéfinissent-elles les frontières de leur métier ? Comment sont-elles perçues et vécues par les assistants – essentiellement des assistantes d’ailleurs ? Les adaptations imposées subitement aux équipes pédagogiques lors de la pandémie en 2020-2021 font particulièrement ressortir l’ambiguïté de ces missions. Des chercheurs américains, canadiens et français ont effectué auprès d’établissements relevant de la zone Amérique du Nord de l’Agence de l’enseignement français à l’étranger (AEFE) une recherche collaborative (Français Plus) qui portait sur l’adaptation des équipes éducatives en temps de pandémie. Elle met notamment à jour, grâce à un questionnaire et deux entretiens d’assistantes aux profils contrastés, le flou de ces frontières qui séparent le rôle de l’assistant du rôle de l’enseignant, les tensions générées parfois au sein des équipes par cette ambiguïté et les adaptations variées et plus ou moins bien vécues par les acteurs.
Causal complex and directions of organized crime prevention
Authors: Yakhontova Olesja , Trabo Valery 
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the determinants of organized crime and measures to prevent it. To date, the need to implement comprehensive measures aimed at preventing organized crime is obvious. This is pointed out by many experts, including those in the field of criminological science. The paper analyzes various points of view of legal scholars on this topic with the presentation of alternative views of representatives of criminological science on the designated problem.
The authors focuses on a comparative analysis of organized crime statistics from 2018 to the present.This is especially true when the development of rule-making activity in connection with the demands of the Russian society and global trends reaches a new level and many controversial situations arise. Based on a comparative analysis, the article attempts to streamline the author’s and scientific positions on the prevention of organized crime.
The author’s opinion is substantiated on the issue of the relationship between the actual causes and conditions of organized crime and the prevention of this type of crime, conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects for the development of the institutions under consideration for criminological science.
Features of the semantic sphere of the personality of those convicted of corruption crimes
Authors: Guseva Anastasiya , Ganishina Irina , Gordeeva Polina 
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the study of the semantic sphere of the personality is due to the fact that the presence of those convicted of corruption crimes in correctional institutions deprives them of the opportunity to realize the need for a sense of life. Changing living conditions related with isolation from society leads to the transformation of their semantic sphere, exacerbating internal contradictions, causing personal experiences and making the realization of a life plan difficult.
The purpose of this study was to study the features of the semantic sphere of the personality of those convicted of corruption crimes. The study was conducted on the basis of FKU IK-3 UFSIN of Russia in the Ryazan region. It was attended by 60 male convicts serving sentences for corruption crimes. To diagnose the features of the semantic sphere of the personality of those convicted of corruption crimes, the following methods and techniques were used: analysis of personal files, testing with the help of the personal questionnaire «Level of subjective control» (E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, L. M. Etkind).
In the course of the study, the following features of the semantic sphere of the personality of those convicted of corruption crimes were identified: high self-confidence; responsibility for ongoing events; propensity to unjustified risk; the ability to easily build favorable relationships with others, focus to achieve success by any means; a tendency not to shift responsibility for one’s failures onto other people; hard experience of their failures; in critical situations, they are able to behave decisively and calmly.
Knowledge of the psychological characteristics of the semantic sphere of the personality of those convicted of corruption crimes will ensure their psychological support in places of deprivation of liberty.
The admissibility of electronic evidence in modern criminal proceedings
Authors: Kolichenko Artem 
Published: October 2022

With the advent of the phenomenon of electronic evidence in the science of criminal procedure, a new stage in the development of the theory of evidence and proof was marked. Particular attention was paid to issues related to the evaluation of electronic evidence – the applicability of existing criteria or the need to develop new unique criteria. The solution of the urgent problem of determining the criteria for evaluating electronic evidence requires conceptually new views, one can even say the need to develop a modern theory of evaluating electronic evidence, which would encompass the entire spectrum of available knowledge about this phenomenon and would allow solving the tasks of criminal proceedings more effectively and efficiently.
Within the framework of this article, the author attempts to determine the applicability of the admissibility criterion in the evaluation of electronic evidence. The belief has been formed that the criterion of the admissibility of electronic evidence is a legal requirement, compliance with which means the possibility of using specific electronic evidence in proving a criminal case. In order to understand the content and specifics of the criterion for the admissibility of electronic evidence, this article analyzes the judicial and investigative practice, as well as the analysis of the opinions of representatives of the scientific community, defines specific requirements for the admissibility of electronic evidence, and also offers a unique definition of the criterion for the admissibility of electronic evidence.