bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Eyelid Transcutaneous Blepharoplasty, Minimizing Complications and Correction of Lower Eyelid Malposition
Authors: Yapa Sharinie , Raghavan Ullas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe periocular area is one of the first and most noticeable areas affected by ageing. Common signs of lower lid ageing include rhytids, prominent eye bags caused by prolapse of orbital fat pads, increased lid laxity leading to lid malpositioning, and deepening of tear troughs, all of which give a sunken aged appearance. Lower lid transcutaneous blepharoplasty can correct most of these problems providing excellent long-term aesthetic outcomes with minimal downtime for the patient. However, lower eyelid anatomy is complex, and a thorough understanding of its structure and function is needed to avoid serious complications such as lid malpositioning and blindness. In this review, we present the anatomy of the lower lid and useful surgical techniques to circumvent and avoid such complications.
On naming drones: a European perspective
Authors: Gräf Bettina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the naming of military drone technology by different actors. It thus explores the tension between producing, using, and experiencing drone technology. I will look at, among other things, the project of a drone called the Euro Hawk while reflecting on the experiences and perceptions of people from “outside” Europe. For my investigation, I used three types of journalistic texts in Arabic: (1) texts produced by professional platforms that are financed by European governments like Deutsche Welle and Qantara.de, (2) texts published on the news platform Aljazeera.net and (3) entries at the popular online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
Heterogeneous silicon-on-lithium niobate electro-optic modulator for 100-Gbaud modulation
Authors: Mao Jiawei , Sato Hiromu , Lu Guo-Wei , Yokoyama Shiyoshi 
Published: November 2022

Integrated lithium niobate (LN) electro-optic (EO) modulators are emerging for applications in next-generation optical fiber communication networks. To date, LN crystal waveguides have led the technology for high-speed modulators. On the other hand, on-chip LN modulators are expected to realize scalable signaling devices with mature complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. In this study, a silicon-loaded LN modulator on the insulator substrate featuring a small footprint, a low driving voltage, and high-speed EO modulation is designed and fabricated. No etching or patterning of the LN is required. The measured halfwave-voltage length product is 1.9 V cm with a static modulation extinction ratio of 17.9 dB. The fabricated LN modulator has a modulation bandwidth of 60 GHz and supports high-speed signaling at a data rate up to 200 Gbit/s.
Heat conduction in general relativity
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Chan , Lee Youngone 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of heat conduction in general relativity by using Carter’s variational formulation. We write the creation rates of the entropy and the particle as combinations of the vorticities of temperature and chemical potential. We pay attention to the fact that there are two additional degrees of freedom in choosing the relativistic analog of Cattaneo equation for the parts binormal to the caloric and the number flows. Including the contributions from the binormal parts, we find anewheat-flow equations and discover their dynamical role in thermodynamic systems. The benefit of introducing the binormal parts is that it allows room for a physical ansatz for describing the whole evolution of the thermodynamic system. Taking advantage of this platform, we propose a proper ansatz that deals with the binormal contributions starting from the physical properties of thermal equilibrium systems. We also consider the stability of a thermodynamic system in a flat background. We find thatnew‘Klein’ modes exist in addition to the known ones. We also find that the stability requirement is less stringent than those in the literature.
Pressure, directional dependent mechanical anisotropies and phase transition studies of β-5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO) and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Authors: Rao Eelaprolu Narsimha , Rao Vepa Kameswara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work highlights the effect of pressure ranging from 0 to 9 GPa on structural, directional dependent mechanical properties and unravel the previously unknown phase transitions of two important high energy molecular solids namely monoclinic-β-Nitrotriazole (NTO) and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB). The projected augmented plane wave method with generalized gradient approximation Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional with the D2 van der Waals corrections method of Grimme is used to reproduce the experimental data within ∼1% error. The structural optimization results reveal that β-NTO undergoes a previously unknown structural phase transition at 9 GPa which is evident from the abrupt change of calculated lattice vectors, volume (V), lattice angle β at 9 GPa. The single crystal elastic properties analysis also supports these findings and NTO voilate the Born’s mechanical stability criteria at 9 GPa. Besides to it, all the calculated volumetric and directional dependent shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (B), compressibility results of β-NTO in (100), (010), (001) planes also suggest a possible phase transition around 9 GPa. The directional dependent polycrystalline compressibility anisotropy analysis of TATB with pressure in (100), (010), (001) planes unreveal the origin of experimentally reported new phase transition around 4 GPa. The calculated Pugh B/G ratio suggests that, both the materials found to be brittle in the studied pressure range except NTO at 9 GPa. The degree of mechanical anisotropy of β-NTO found to increase with increasing pressure from (100)–

>

(010)–

>

(001) planes, while the TATB anisotropy results were found to be relatively small and stable. The Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (σ), P-wave modulus, universal elastic anisotropy (A

U

), Chung-Buessen anisotropy (A

c

), Vickers hardness coefficient (H

v

), sound velocities ((V

m

) average, (V

l

) longitudinal, (V

t

) transverse) and (θ

D
) Debye temperature are also predicted. The calculated intermolecular interaction strength contribution to the total Hirsh Field Surface at different pressures confirms the initial decomposition mechanism of NTO, TATB and the results are good in agreement with previous observations. Thus our work has accentuated the reasons behind the impact and friction sensitivity differences of β-NTO, TATB through the two new phase transitions.
Depth dependence of power spectrum in underwater turbulence
Authors: Gerçekcioğlu Hamza , Baykal Yahya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Depth variations of the power spectrum of underwater turbulence are obtained. Considered specific medium is the Atlantic Ocean at mid and low latitudes. Associated temperature and salinity changes at low latitude, mid latitude–summer and mid latitude-winter are found for the Nikishovs’ spectrum model. By employing the equations for the temperature and salinity changes, figures for the rate of dissipation of the mean squared refractive index fluctuation, rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid and the relative strength of temperature and salinity fluctuations against the depth in underwater are provided. Additionally, plots of the power spectra of underwater turbulence are presented against the changes in the depth.
Low-energy X-ray spectroscopy with RGB-HD SiPMs coupled to CsI(Tl) scintillator
Authors: Merzi Stefano , Acerbi Fabio , Capasso Massimo , Mazzi Alberto , Paternoster Giovanni , Pepponi Giancarlo , Zorzi Nicola , Gola Alberto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The continuous improvement of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) characteristics opens new perspectives for the application of these detectors in middle to low energy X-ray scintillation light readout. Compared to traditional PET detectors this application poses an additional challenge because of the much lower number of photons generated in the scintillator. Many SiPM characteristics influence the energy resolution of the detected radiation, including Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE), primary noise and Excess Noise Factor (ENF). The most recent development of the RGB-HD SiPM technology at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, Italy) provides a PDE up to 40% at 550 nm while keeping the Dark Count Rate (DCR) below 500 kc.p.s./mm2. A low DCR value is fundamental in improving the energy resolution for soft X-rays. In this work we coupled a 1×1 mm2 RGB-HD SiPM to a 0.9×0.9×2 mm3 CsI(Tl) crystal allowing the detection of 55Fe 5.9 keV photons with an energy resolution of 39% FWHM. A 4×4 mm2 RGB-HD SiPM with a 3×3×5 mm3 CsI(Tl) was used for the readout of a 57Co source (6.4 keV, 14.4 keV and 122 keV) in order to prove the dynamic range of the system. The energy resolution of these three peaks shows different trends with respect to the SiPM bias and to the signal integration time. This is related to the fact that SiPM parameters such as PDE, DCR and ENF, and readout parameters such as integration time, become more or less relevant depending on the energy of the primary photon.
A wrist-inspired suspended tubercle-type tensegrity joint with variable stiffness capacity
Authors: Xie Xiongdun , Xiong Dezhu , Wen James Zhiqing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In complex and unpredictable environments or in situations of human–robot interaction, a soft and flexible robot performs more safely and is more impact resistant compared to a traditional rigid robot. To enable robots to have bionic features (flexibility, compliance and variable stiffness) similar to human joints, structures involving suspended tubercle tensegrity are researched. The suspended tubercle gives the joint compliance and flexibility by isolating two moving parts. The variable stiffness capacity is achieved by changing the internal stress of tensegrity through the simultaneous contraction or relaxation of the driving tendons. A wrist-inspired tensegrity-based bionic joint is proposed as a case study. It has variable stiffness and two rotations with a total of three degrees of freedom. Through theoretical derivation and simulation calculation in the NASA Tensegrity RobotToolkit (NTRT) simulator, the range of motion, stiffness adjustable capacity, and their interaction are studied. A prototype is built and tested under a motion capture system. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical simulation. Our experiments show that the suspended tubercle-type tensegrity is flexible, the stiffness is adjustable and easy to control, and it has great potential for bionic joints.
A brief review of the development and optimization of the three-dimensional magnetic configuration system in the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: JIANG Zhonghe , DING Yonghua , RAO Bo , WANG Nengchao , LI Yangbo , HUANG Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) magnetic configuration system in the J-TEXT tokamak has featured in many experimental studies. The system mainly consists of three subsystems: the static resonant magnetic perturbation (SRMP) system, the dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation (DRMP) system and the helical coil system. The SRMP coil system consist of two kinds of coils, i.e. three six-loop coils and two five-loop coils. It can suppress tearing modes with a moderate strength, and may also cause mode locking with larger amplitude. The DRMP coil system consists of 12 single-turn saddle coils (DRMP1) and 12 double-turn saddle coils (DRMP2). Its magnetic field can be rotated at a few kHz, leading to either acceleration or deceleration of the tearing mode velocity and the plasma rotation. The helical coil system consists of two closed coils, and is currently under construction to provide external rotational transform in J-TEXT. The 3D magnetic configuration system can suppress tearing modes, preventing and avoiding the occurrence of major disruption.
An N-annulated perylene butyl tetraester for alcohol processed semiconducting organic thin films
Authors: Wolfe Kathryn M , Mooney Madison , Crep Chloe , Rondeau-Gagné Simon , Welch Gregory C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of an N-annulated perylene butyl tetraester (PTEN-H) for use in alcohol processed semiconducting films. PTEN-H was contrasted with the known N-annulated perylene diimide (PDIN-H) where the former has ring-opened imide positions which in turn lowers the electron affinity (i.e. rendering hole transporting) and improves polar green solvent solubility. PTEN-H can be solubilized in 1-butanol up to 10 mg ml−1 with gentle heating and can be spin-cast or slot-die coated to form uniform thin films on glass and/or plastic substrates. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated using PTEN-H in the active material layer which was deposited from solution using 1-butanol as the solvent. While hole mobilities were achieved (0.39 × 10−4 cm2 Vs−1), blending the molecular material with a previously reported green solvent processable semiconducting polymer, IIG20-OH, was done to boost performance. This led to increased mobilities for not only the native molecular PTEN-H material, but for the native IIG20-OH polymer as well. Furthermore, a blend of PTEN-H and IIG20-OH were slot-die coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate giving uniform thin films suitable for large area device fabrication.
Current Status of Five Warm Season Diptera Species in Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval
Authors: Bambaradeniya Y T B , Magni P A , Dadour I R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The accurate estimation of the time of death (Post-Mortem Interval, PMI) is of great importance when reconstructing the actual events at a crime scene following the recovery of a body. The reliability of the PMI is vital to validate witness statements and suspect alibis. The PMI estimation based on insects collected from remains relies on two fundamental principles. Firstly, the development of an insect is proportionate to its surrounding environmental condition, and secondly, colonization by insects and other arthropods typically occur according to predictable sequences subjected to seasonality, environment in which the decomposition takes place, and the possible presence of xenobiotics in the food substrate (e.g., drugs). Dipteran species of the family Calliphoridae are the most common species colonizing a corpse and carcass, and a large body of research in entomology is focused on their developmental data. Such data is used forensically to estimate the PMI via three types of calculation: accumulated degree day/hour, table of growth, and isomegalen/isomorphen diagram. Much of this research has been documented during the 20th century, in different countries, using different experimental designs and analyses. This review tabulates development data obtained from 74 manuscripts published between 1933 and 2021 for five cosmopolitan blowfly species associated with the early stages of decomposition during the warmer seasons: Chrysomya megacephala, Ch. rufifacies, Ch. albiceps, Lucilia sericata, and L. cuprina. This review highlights the importance of establishing a standardized protocol to conduct future development studies and maintaining a system for retrieval of this data for future PMI calculations.
The Clinical Significance of Light Chain Predominant Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Arinze Nkechi , Singh Gurmukh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clonal proliferation of terminally differentiated B- lymphocytes. It accounts for 1.6% of all cancers and about 10-15% of all hematological malignancies in the United States. Monoclonal immunoglobulins provide an indication of tumor burden in patients with plasma cell neoplasm. Recent development has shown that a proportion of intact immunoglobulin producing multiple myeloma secrete much higher amounts of free light chains than usual; i.e. light chain predominant multiple myeloma (LCPMM). About 18% of multiple myeloma secreting intact immunoglobulins secrete higher amount of free light compared to other intact immunoglobulin secreting myelomas and are associated with significantly poorer clinical outcomes. In this study, a retrospective investigation comparing the laboratory and clinical findings in conventional MM and LCPMM was undertaken. Three hundred and sixteen patients with conventional MM and seventy-one patients with LCPMM were studied. The results were remarkable for marked increase in death rate in the LCPMM group compared to the conventional MM group, 35.2% and 13.6% respectively; P-value .00001. The occurrence of dialysis was also markedly increased in the LCPMM group compared with the conventional MM; 18.3% vs. 3.5% P-value .00001. A markedly lower eGFR was observed in patients with LCPMM group compared to patients with conventional MM with an average value of 46.3 versus 69.4 ml respectively P value .0000003. In conclusion, light chain predominant plasma cell myeloma confers a significant disease burden, poor clinical outcomes and shorter survival. Further prospective trial will be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis, the course, and management of the disease. An assay for serum free monoclonal light chains has been described and could serve as a marker for minimal residual disease in such patients. We aim to further study the clinical impact of light chain predominant plasma cell myeloma (LCPMM) to increase the current knowledge of the disease and investigate therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of Ordering Practices, Microbial Yield, and Clinical Utility of Urinary Stone Cultures
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , Potter Robert , Zaydman Mark , Jackups Ron , Yarbrough Melanie , Burnham Carey-Ann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Urinary stones are a global problem. While it has been established that microorganisms can be associated with urinary stone formation, data on best practices for microbial culture and clinical interpretation of microbial culture of urinary stone specimens are limited. Our objective was to investigate the microorganisms present in urinary stone cultures (usc) and companion urine cultures. We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiry hospital examining cultures submitted between October 2018 and October 2021. We collected data from electronic medical records of patients who had at least at least one usc performed. As part of routine clinical workup, all urinary stone specimens submitted for culture were ground using a disposable tissue grinder and inoculated on a tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood agar plate (BAP), a chocolate agar plate (CHOC), and a MacConkey agar plate (MAC), streaked for isolation and incubated in 5% CO2 at 35°C for up to three days. Urine cultures were performed using the Kiestra TLA system with 10 µL of inoculum onto each of a BAP and MAC, and plates were examined at 16 and 24 hours of incubation. For urine specimens submitted from a straight or “in and out” catheter, 10,000 CFU/mL was the threshold for workup. From clean-voided, midstream, ileostomy, nephrostomy, or indwelling/Foley catheter specimens, 100,000 CFU/mL was the threshold for workup. The final clinical significance of cultures is determined by evaluating the culture result in light of the patient’s clinical presentation. For usc and urine cultures, clinically insignificant growth was considered no growth or when no pathogens were recovered in culture. Urine cultures with more than 3 species over threshold were considered contaminated. A total of 1,049 usc were performed from 854 patients (55.3% female). The median patient age was 61 years (IQR 49-70). The most frequent microorganisms reported in usc cultures were Proteus mirabilis (N=98), Enterococcus faecalis (N=75), and Escherichia coli (N=73). No pathogen was identified from 57% of usc. 441 usc were performed in a context of urine culture (+/-2 days) in 336 (39.3%) patients. In addition, 138 patients (16.1%) had more than 1 usc, being the maximum as 11 usc performed in one patient. The most common urine/USC concordant result was no growth in 165 of 441 cultures (37.4%), followed by coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Cohen’s kappa obtained from usc and urine culture results was 0.45, which is not the minimum acceptable agreement. A pathogen was identified from usc in 43% of cases. Usc and urine cultures rarely resulted in concordant results, but the most common concordant result was no growth in culture. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of usc results on patient care, including antimicrobial use and correlation of microbes isolated with stone chemical composition.
A strategy for detecting an anomalous batch of kappa serum free light chains measurements using nonparametric analysis of patient deltas
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , Gronowski Ann , Zaydman Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Patient-based quality control (PBQC) involves monitoring for shifts in patient results to detect analytical problems. Established methods perform well, but only for assays with high volumes and approximately normal result distributions. Recent publications have described monitoring the average of patient deltas (AOD) as a way generalize PBQC methods more broadly. Here we propose a nonparametric analysis of patient deltas (NPAOD). To illustrate the concept we present a case of an analytical issue in the kappa serum free light chain assay (kappa sFLC) caused by a bad reagent pack and how it could have been detected using NPAOD. We were alerted to a possible issue by the ordering clinicians who noticed a series of unexpectedly high results. Significantly lower values were observed when the samples were repeated with a new reagent pack (median [IQR]: 5.3 [3.12-13.52] versus 2.52 [0.95-4.25], p &lt; 0.5 e-7 by paired Wilcoxon test). To evaluate the use of PBQC in detecting this error, we analyzed one year of retrospective data comprising 7657 results from 3061 patients. The distribution of kappa sFLC values was positively skewed (mean = 14.5 g/dL, median = 2.2 g/dL, skew = 26.6). Both volumes and distributions varied significantly by day of the week following the scheduling of subspecialty clinics. These properties make the conventional approach of simple moving averages poorly suited for monitoring kappa sFLC at our institution. We computed delta values as the difference between the current result and the most recent previous result and produced delta values for 4596/7657 (60%) of the samples. The distribution of deltas was zero centered and symmetric (mean = 0.03 g/dL, median = 0.01 g/dL). Using the historical distribution as a reference, we found that the average of deltas was not significantly different for the results of the bad reagent pack (p = 0.78 by Student’s T test). In contrast, a nonparametric approach yielded a significant difference whether by comparison of medians using a Wilcoxon test (p = 0.0004) or comparison of empirical distributions using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p = 1e-7). The latter approach may offer several benefits. First, the Komogorov-Smirnov test has greater statistical power because it considers both the position and the shape of the distribution. Second, an algorithm based on comparison of empirical distributions may have fewer hyperparameters to tune. We continue this work with an in-silico characterization of detection and false alarm rates at different magnitudes of analytical bias. In conclusion, this case study provides initial evidence that a nonparametric analysis of patient deltas may help to extend PBQC to additional assays that have unfavorable distributions and volumes for the simple moving average algorithm.