bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Febuxostat Protects Human Aortic Valve Endothelial Cells From Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein–Induced Injury and Monocyte Attachment
Authors: Liang Xiangwen , Li Ping , Xie Wenchao , Lin Zhihai , Wang Zhengdong , Zeng Shuyi , Liu Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AS is closely related to endothelial dysfunction, which is mainly induced by oxidative stress, inflammation, and enhanced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells on the vessel wall. Febuxostat is a novel antigout agent recently reported to exert protective effects on endothelial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the protective capacity of febuxostat against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury and monocyte attachment to endothelial cells. Human aortic valve endothelial cells (HAVECs) were stimulated with ox-LDL in the presence or absence of febuxostat (5 and 10 μM) for 6 hours. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were measured using MitoSox red staining, and the level of protein carbonyl was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, tissue factor (TF), VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were evaluated with qRT-PCR assay and ELISA. Calcein-AM staining was used to determine the attachment of U937 monocytes to HAVECs. quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to measure the expression level of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in HAVECs. First, the elevated expression of LOX-1, activated oxidative stress, excessive secreted inflammatory factors, and promoted expression of TF induced by stimulation with ox-LDL were significantly reversed by febuxostat, indicating a protective effect of febuxostat against endothelial dysfunction. Second, the upregulated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, as well as the increased proportion of adhered monocytes to HAVECs induced by ox-LDL, were significantly alleviated by febuxostat. Finally, the promoted expression level of Egr-1 induced by ox-LDL was pronouncedly suppressed by febuxostat. We conclude that febuxostat protected HAVECs from ox-LDL–induced injury and monocyte attachment.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of Abdominal Wall after Lipoabdominoplasty: Complication following Medical Tourism
Authors: Shrestha Sabi , Lue Melinda , Wang Howard T. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is an acute life-threatening complication of cosmetic surgery. We present a case study of a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with NSTI of the abdominal wall following liposuction, abdominoplasty, and ventral hernia repair performed in Latin America. In the operating room, bowel perforation at the hepatic flexure was observed requiring emergent fascial debridement, bowel resection, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. She required multiple washouts and split-thickness skin grafts. Complications such as NSTI are possible after lipoabdominoplasty and are prevalent in cosmetic medical tourism, due, in part, to varying institutional standards and accreditations, and in some cases lack of consistent adherence to set standards. Complications after medical tourism contribute a significant burden to medical staff and the healthcare system in patients’ home countries. Patient education by their surgeons and plastic surgery societies should be prioritized. It is important for domestic emergency physicians, plastic surgeons, and other care providers to understand complications postcosmetic surgery to promote timely management.
Sex differences in ambulatory blood pressure levels, control and phenotypes of hypertension in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Marieta P. , Karagiannidis Artemios G. , Alexandrou Maria-Eleni , Polychronidou Georgia , Karpetas Antonios , Giannakoulas George , Papagianni Aikaterini , Sarafidis Pantelis A. 
Published: July 2022

Background and aims:
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) control is worse in men than women with chronic kidney disease or kidney transplantation. So far, no study investigated possible sex differences in the prevalence, control, and phenotypes of BP according to predialysis and 48-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hemodialysis patients. Further, no study has evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of predialysis BP in male and female hemodialysis patients.

Method:
One hundred and twenty-nine male and 91 female hemodialysis patients that underwent 48-h ABPM were included in this analysis. Hypertension was defined as: (1) predialysis SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive agents, (2) 48-h SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥80 mmHg or use of antihypertensive agents.

Results:
Predialysis SBP did not differ between groups, while DBP was marginally higher in men. 48-h SBP (137.2 ± 17.4 vs. 132.2 ± 19.2 mmHg, P = 0.045), DBP (81.9 ± 12.1 vs. 75.9 ± 11.7 mmHg, P < 0.001) and daytime SBP/DBP were higher in men. The prevalence of hypertension was not different between groups with the use of predialysis BP or 48-h ABPM (92.2% vs. 89%, P = 0.411). However, concordant lack of control was more frequent in men than women (65.3% vs. 49.4%, P = 0.023). The prevalence of white-coat and masked hypertension did not differ between groups; the misclassification rate with the use of predialysis BP was marginally higher in women. In both sexes, predialysis BP showed low accuracy and poor agreement with ABPM for diagnosing ambulatory hypertension [area-under-the-curve in receiver-operating-curve analyses (SBP/DBP): men, 0.681/0.802, women: 0.586/0.707].

Conclusion:
Ambulatory BP levels are higher in male than female hemodialysis patients. Although hypertension prevalence is similar between sexes, men have worse rates of control. The diagnostic accuracy of predialysis BP was equally poor in men and women.
Update on the Corneal Dystrophies—Genetic Testing and Therapy
Authors: Weiss Jayne S. , Willoughby Colin E. , Abad–Morales Víctor , Turunen Joni A. , Lisch Walter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
One major purpose of the IC3D Corneal Dystrophy Nomenclature Revision was to include genetic information with a goal of facilitating investigation into the pathogenesis, treatment, and perhaps even prevention of the corneal dystrophies, an ambitious goal. Over a decade has passed since the first publication of the IC3D Corneal Dystrophy Nomenclature Revision. Gene therapy is available for an early-onset form of inherited retinal degeneration called Leber congenital amaurosis, but not yet for corneal degenerations. We review the current state of affairs regarding our original ambitious goal. We discuss genetic testing, gene therapy [RNA interference (RNAi) and genome editing], and ocular delivery of corneal gene therapy for the corneal dystrophies. Why have gene therapy techniques not yet been introduced for the corneal dystrophies?
Mini-DMEK for the Treatment of Chronic Focal Corneal Endothelial Decompensation
Authors: Händel Alexander , Siebelmann Sebastian , Matthaei Mario , Cursiefen Claus , Bachmann Björn 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of mini-descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (“Mini-DMEK,” graft diameter <5 mm) for the treatment of chronic focal corneal endothelial decompensation for reasons other than acute hydrops in patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
Of the 3010 patients registered in the prospective Cologne DMEK database, 16 patients with focal corneal endothelial decompensation treated with Mini-DMEK were identified. After exclusion of patients with acute hydrops in keratoconus (n = 9), indications for focal corneal endothelial decompensation were either defects in Descemet membrane after intraocular surgeries (n = 5) or corneal edema in the area of Haab striae in buphthalmus (n = 2). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, corneal thickness in the affected area, and rebubbling rates served as main outcome measures.

Results:
All patients showed a postoperative increase in the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity from preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.1 (±0.7) to logMAR 0.3 (±0.2) after the first month (P = 0.046) and to logMAR 0.3 (±0.2) after half a year (5–7 months) (P = 0.025). The corneal thickness decreased from preoperative 757 μm (±125) to 603 μm (±121) after the first month (P = 0.031) and to 593 μm (±131) after half a year (5–7 months) (P = 0.031). Rebubbling was necessary in 43% of patients (3 of 7 eyes). In 2 patients, Mini-DMEK was performed as triple Mini-DMEK including cataract surgery.

Conclusions:
Mini-DMEK is an effective treatment option for focal chronic corneal endothelial decompensation caused by tears in Descemet membrane or other defects such as Haab striae. Mini-DMEK can also be performed as a triple procedure including cataract surgery (triple Mini-DMEK).
Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2a for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Park Jongyeop , Han Jisang , Chung Tae-Young , Lim Dong Hui , Choi Chul Young 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to introduce the initial experience in the use of topical pegylated interferon alpha 2a (PegIFN-α-2a) for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods:
A retrospective medical record review of 8 eyes of 8 patients diagnosed with OSSN and treated with PegIFN-α-2a was performed. All cases were diagnosed of noninvasive OSSN both clinically and histologically. The pegIFN-α-2a was prescribed at a concentration of 20 μg/mL and applied 4 times a day for at least 3 months.

Results:
In all 8 cases, topical PegIFN-α-2a was well-tolerated and did not lead to discomfort or any adverse side effects. It resulted in reduction in lesion size and extent in all cases and complete resolution of the lesions.

Conclusions:
Topical PegIFN-α-2a might be an effective and safe treatment option for noninvasive OSSN.
Long Term Effect of Canaloplasty on IOP and use of IOP-Lowering Medications in Patients with Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Ondrejka Simon , Körber Norbert , Dhamdhere Kavita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of canaloplasty in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and use of IOP-lowering medications in eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Setting:
Surgical center (Augencentrum Köln, Köln, Germany).

Design:
Retrospective study of 206 eyes from 130 patients.

Methods:
Canaloplasty was performed using the VISCO360® or OMNI® surgical system as a stand-alone procedure in 22 eyes and concomitantly with cataract extraction (CE) in 185 eyes with chronic OAG insufficiently controlled or intolerant to IOP-lowering medications. The number of hypotensive medications and IOP were recorded at baseline, Day 1, Week 1, Month 1, Month 3, and every three months thereafter, with the last follow-up visit at 36±6 months post-surgery. Patients were stratified by baseline IOP (Group 1, IOP >18 mmHg; Group 2, IOP ≤18 mmHg). Treatment success in Group 1 was defined as a reduction in IOP and the use of IOP-lowering medications; Group 2 success was defined as maintenance of a lower IOP and a reduction in medication use.

Results:
Preoperative mean IOP of both Groups was 21.1±8.8 mmHg, with an average 2.0±0.9 hypotensive medications. The primary success endpoint was met by 73% of patients, with a mean IOP reduction in Group 1 (131 eyes; 21.8 to 15.6 mmHg, p < 0.0001), and a maintenance of IOP control in Group 2 (76 eyes; 15.4 to 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.24). Medications decreased from 2.2±0.9 to 0.9±1.1 in Group 1 (P = 0.024) and from 1.8±0.8 to 0.7±1.0 in Group 2 (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Canaloplasty alone or in conjunction with CE with the VISCO360 or OMNI surgical system is a safe, tissue-sparing and effective MIGS, using a clear corneal incision in phakic or pseudophakic eyes. Canaloplasty performed with both evaluated devices achieved statistically significant, consistent and clinically meaningful reductions in IOP and use of IOP-lowering medications in adult patients with OAG. In the consistent cohort (n=42), the IOP lowering effect lasted up to 42 months, with ongoing data collection expected to describe long-term effectiveness of this intervention.
Effect of the Preparatory School FAST Stroke Educational Program
Authors: Salam Abdul , Shuaib Ashfaq , Kamran Saadat , Hassanin Iman , Shahid Nosheen , Al-Darwish Mohammed S. , Bibi Rubina , Saqqur Maher , Amir Numan , Miller Elaine T. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of FAST stroke educational program among all preparatory school students in the state of Qatar. METHODS: The pretest-posttest experimental research design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the FAST educational program in Qatar. A 30-minute audiovisual presentation was given to improve knowledge of stroke. We included grade 7 to 9 students during the academic year 2018–2019. The FAST program consisted of a pretest, an educational intervention, and immediate and long-term posttests at 2 months. RESULTS: A sample of 1244 students completed presurvey and immediate postsurvey, with an average age of 13.5 (1.12) years (range, 11–18 years) and 655 (53%) females. Students had significantly (P < .01) greater knowledge of stroke signs, symptoms, and risk factors at intermediate posttest (5.9 [2.6] and 6.2 [2.4]) and at 2 months posttest (5.6 [2.8] and 5.6 [2.7]) compared with pretest (4.8 [2.6] and 4.9 [2.6], respectively). Students also had a higher self-efficacy to seek assistance, which was sustained from pretest to long-term posttest. CONCLUSION: The FAST program improved stroke knowledge that was retained at 2 months.
Nutrition in acute pancreatitis: when, what and how
Authors: Fostier Romane , Arvanitakis Marianna , Gkolfakis Paraskevas 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
This review intends to discuss recently available evidence in three topics related to nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis, namely timing of refeeding, type of nutritional therapy and its route of administration.

Recent findings
Recent lines of research confirm that early oral feeding leads to shorter length of stay, fewer complications and lower costs in patients with acute pancreatitis. Moreover, early (<48 h) enteral nutrition led to decreased hospital mortality in patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis; thus, in case of intolerance to oral feeding or severe disease, nutritional therapy should be offered within 24–72 h. Furthermore, enteral nutrition should be preferred against parenteral nutrition, as it is related to shorter length of stay and less complications, while initial data bring to light the potential role of the soluble dietary fibre polydextrose as an agent that could lead to faster achievement of energy goal with concomitant lower rates of feeding intolerance. Finally, enteral nutrition can be administered through gastric or jejunal feeding, depending on digestive tolerance, whereas latest data also address the safety of percutaneous gastrostomy with a jejunal extension for enteral nutrition administration. However, more data about its real benefit are warranted.

Summary
Accumulating evidence confirms the importance of early oral refeeding or early administration of enteral nutrition as vital parts of the armamentarium for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis.
Alteration of interleukin-10-producing Type 1 regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Gregori Silvia , Amodio Giada , Passerini Laura , Santoni de Sio Francesca Romana 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
This review highlights findings describing the role of interleukin (IL)-10-producing Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in controlling autoimmune diseases and possible approaches to restore their function and number.

Recent findings
Reduced frequency and/or function of cell subsets playing a role in Tr1 cell induction (e.g., DC-10 and Bregs), was found in patients with autoimmunity and may impact on Tr1 cell frequency.

Summary
IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with fundamental anti-inflammatory functions acting as negative regulator of immune responses. IL-10 is critically involved in the induction and functions of Tr1 cells, a subset of memory CD4+ T cells induced in the periphery to suppress immune responses to a variety of antigens (Ags), including self-, allogeneic, and dietary Ags. Alterations in IL-10-related pathways and/or in the frequency and activities of Tr1 cells have been associated to several autoimmune diseases. We will give an overview of the alterations of IL-10 and IL-10-producing Tr1 cells in Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, and Celiac Disease, in which similarities in the role of these tolerogenic mechanisms are present. Current and future approaches to overcome Tr1 cell defects and restore tolerance in these diseases will also be discussed.
Update on myelin imaging in neurological syndromes
Authors: Balaji Sharada , Johnson Poljanka , Dvorak Adam Vladimir , Kolind Shannon Heather 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Myelin water imaging (MWI) is generally regarded as the most rigorous approach for noninvasive, in-vivo measurement of myelin content, which has been histopathologically validated. As such, it has been increasingly applied to neurological diseases with white matter involvement, especially those affecting myelin. This review provides an overview of the most recent research applying MWI in neurological syndromes.

Recent findings
Myelin water imaging has been applied in neurological syndromes including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, cerebral small vessel disease, leukodystrophies and HIV. These syndromes generally showed alterations observable with MWI, with decreased myelin content tending to correlate with lower cognitive scores and worse clinical presentation. MWI has also been correlated with genetic variation in the APOE and PLP1 genes, demonstrating genetic factors related to myelin health.

Summary
MWI can detect and quantify changes not observable with conventional imaging, thereby providing insight into the pathophysiology and disease mechanisms of a diverse range of neurological syndromes.
Saltatory axonal conduction in the avian retina
Authors: Block Christoph T. , Ahlers Malte T. , Puller Christian , Manackin Max , Pradhan Dipti R. , Greschner Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn contrast to most parts of the vertebrate nervous system, the ganglion cell axons in the retina typically lack any myelination. Ganglion cell axons of most species only become myelinated once they leave the retina to form the optic nerve. The avian retina is a well known exception in that ganglion cell axons are partly myelinated in the retinal nerve fiber layer. However, the functional and structural properties of myelination in the nerve fiber layer remain elusive. Here, we used large-scale multi-electrode array recordings in combination with immunohisto-chemistry and fluorescence microscopy of European quail and pigeon retinas to investigate myelination of retinal ganglion cell axons. Intraretinal myelination was accompanied by the formation of nodes of Ranvier. The internode length was positively correlated with the axon diameter. The variability of internode lengths along each axon was significantly smaller than across axons. Saltatory conduction of action potentials was observed in a large population of recorded cells. On average, myelinated axons had higher conduction velocities than unmyelinated axons. However, both groups showed a significant overlap at low velocities. The number of simultaneously active nodes was positively correlated with the conduction velocity. In contrast, the internode length and the time it took a node to activate were weak predictors for the conduction velocity. However, the conduction velocity was well described by the number of activated nodes, the internode length, and the activation time in concert.Significance StatementMyelination of axons serves saltatory signal conduction, which greatly decreases the time it takes for an action potential to travel along an axon. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, as part of the central nervous system, are usually devoid of myelin in mammals, whereas avian RGC axons are myelinated well before they enter the optic nerve. Using high resolution multi electrode arrays, we were able to image the saltatory propagation of a spike across an axon. Most axons with saltatory conduction were faster than non-saltatory axons. Surprisingly, a large number of saltatory axons had low conduction velocities. The signal conduction patterns were more diverse than expected. The velocity could be explained by the number of simultaneously activated nodes of Ranvier, the internode length and their activation time.
YgfB increases β-lactam resistance inPseudomonas aeruginosaby counteracting AlpA-mediatedampDh3expression
Authors: Eggers Ole , Renschler Fabian , Michalek Lydia Anita , Wackler Noelle , Walter Elias , Smollich Fabian , Klein Kristina , Sonnabend Michael , Egle Valentin , Angelov Angel , Engesser Christina , Borisova Marina , Mayer Christoph , Schütz Monika , Bohn Erwin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractYgfB-mediated β-lactam resistance was recently identified in multi drug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa. Weshow that YgfB upregulates expression of the β-lactamase AmpC by repressing the function of the regulator of the programmed cell death pathway AlpA. In response to DNA damage, the antiterminator AlpA induces expression of thealpBCDEautolysis genes and of the peptidoglycan amidase AmpDh3. YgfB interacts with AlpA and represses theampDh3expression.Thus, YgfB indirectly prevents AmpDh3 from reducing the levels of cell wall-derived 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-peptides, required to induce the transcriptional activator AmpR in promoting theampCexpression and β-lactam resistance. Ciprofloxacin-mediated DNA damage induces AlpA-dependent production of AmpDh3 as previously shown, which should reduce β-lactam resistance. YgfB, however, counteracts the β-lactam enhancing activity of ciprofloxacin by repressingampDh3expression and lowering the benefits of this drug combination.Altogether, YgfB represents a new player in the complex regulatory network of AmpC regulation.
Saints and ghosts: nation-building and narratives of punishment in Taiwan’s prison museums
Authors: Murphy Helen , Chang Ya-Ling 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper explores two museums in Taiwan, both former sites of incarceration, and asks how they reflect Taiwan’s evolving relationship with the past. Taiwan has successfully emerged from its authoritarian past into a democratic present; yet, it still bears the scars of its traumatic and violent history in the places where trauma and pain was exacted over Taiwanese people by different regimes. Two of these places are former prisons, now museums with common histories of incarceration, but very different approaches to presentation of traumatic pasts. This paper aims to understand the selective presentation of narratives of punishment in prison museums in Taiwan and what they reflect about Taiwan’s national identity.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used a qualitative ethnographic methodology, approaching prison museums as research sites with multidimensional textual, spatial and visual data. This study used a narrative ethnology approach to analyse the content, structure and social context surrounding the stories told about punishment at the sites.

Findings
While the Jingmei White Terror Memorial Park documents past abuses under the authoritarian Kuomindang Government (1945–1987), the narratives presented at the Chiayi Prison Museum, constructed under Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945), ignore past colonial violence. This study argues that the invisibility of past colonial violence in Chiayi prison museum acts to strengthen Taiwan’s multicultural national identity, while Jingmei WTMP acts to valorise political prisoners as heroic fighters for Taiwan’s democracy and human rights.

Originality/value
This research makes a contribution to the museum studies literature through extending understanding of the relationship between former carceral spaces and national identity projects.