bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land
Authors: Stensrud David J. , Young George S. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) with aspect ratios ≥ 5, called wide HCRs, are observed over land from WSR-88D radar reflectivity observations in clear air over central Oklahoma. Results indicate that wide HCRs are a natural part of the daily HCR life cycle, occurring most frequently from 1500 to 1700 UTC and from 2300 to 2400 UTC, with the HCRs having aspect ratios ∼ 3 during the rest of their lifetime. Wide HCRs are most likely to be observed from HCRs with lifetimes longer than 5 h. Results show that for HCRs lasting for more than 5 h, 12% have aspect ratios ≥ 5 during HCR formation, whereas 50% of have aspect ratios ≥ 5 at dissipation. An evaluation of radar observations from 50 cases of long-lived HCRs suggests the wide HCRs that occur in tandem with HCR formation early in the day develop in situ with a large aspect ratio. In contrast, the cases of wide HCRs that form late in the day most often appear to develop as specific HCR wavelengths are maintained while roll circulations with smaller wavelengths dissipate. These ephemeral wide HCRs over land deserve attention as the mechanisms leading to their formation are unclear.

Significance Statement
The atmospheric boundary layer extends from the ground up to a typical daytime height between 500 m and 3 km. Within this layer, the flow is often turbulent during the daytime, although there are common structures that help to organize the flow patterns. One of these structures is a field of horizontal counterrotating helical circulations, with parallel upwelling and downwelling zones. This study shows that the separation distance between these long parallel lines of upward and downward motion changes during the day and can be quite large when compared to the depth of the boundary layer, both early in the day and late in the day. Reasons for this behavior are unclear and deserve attention, as the boundary layer is where we spend our lives and has a large influence on our daily activities.
Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ball Emily L , Shah Mahnoor , Ross Eilidh , Sutherland Rachel , Squires Charlotte , Mead Gillian E , Wardlaw Joanna M , Quinn Terence J , Religa Dorota , Lundström Erik , Cheyne Joshua , Shenkin Susan D 
Published: August 2022

Background: Stroke survivors are at an increased risk of developing post-stroke cognitive impairment and post-stroke dementia; those at risk could be identified by brain imaging routinely performed at stroke onset. Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify features which are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment (including dementia) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at stroke diagnosis. Summary of review: We searched the literature from inception to January 2022 and identified 10,284 records. We included studies that performed MRI at the time of stroke (0–30 days after a stroke) and assessed cognitive outcome at least 3 months after stroke. We synthesized findings from 26 papers, comprising 27 stroke-populations (N = 13,114, average age range = 40–80 years, 19–62% female). When data were available, we pooled unadjusted (ORu) and adjusted (ORa) odds ratios. We found associations between cognitive outcomes and presence of cerebral atrophy (three studies, N = 453, ORu = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.15–4.62), presence of microbleeds (two studies, N = 9151, ORa = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08–1.70), and increasing severity of white matter hyperintensities (three studies, N = 704, ORa = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06–1.49). Increasing cerebral small vessel disease score was associated with cognitive outcome following unadjusted analysis only (two studies, N = 499, ORu = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12–1.61; three studies, N = 950, ORa = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.96–1.57). Associations remained after controlling for pre-stroke cognitive impairment. We did not find associations between other stroke features and cognitive outcome, or there were insufficient data. Conclusion: Acute stroke MRI features may enable healthcare professionals to identify patients at risk of post-stroke cognitive problems. However, there is still substantial uncertainty about the prognostic utility of acute MRI for this.
Where should Scoliometer and EOS Imaging be Applied when Evaluating Spinal Rotation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis –A Preliminary Study with Reference to CT Images
Authors: Xiao Bin , Zhang Yanbin , Yan Kai , Jiang Jile , Ma Chaoyi , Xing Yonggang , Liu Bo , Tian Wei 
Published: August 2022

Study Design Retrospective study Objective Our purpose was to evaluate spinal rotation measurement by scoliometer or EOS Imagings with reference to that by CT images, and to clarify their applicability in clinical practice. Methods Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who were indicated for surgery were enrolled and the informed consents were obtained. The angle of trunk rotation (ATR) was measured by the scoliometer. Apical vertebral rotation (AVR) was measured with EOS Imaging and CT images. Paired T tests were used to compare the measurements between ATR or AVR-EOS and AVR-CT. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between ATR or AVR-EOS and AVR-CT. Then subgroup analysis was performed. Results Forty-seven consecutive AIS patients with 62 curves were identified. In the whole group, the ATR, as well as AVR-EOS, was significantly smaller than the AVR-CT. Both ATR and AVR-EOS correlated with AVR-CT, although AVR-EOS correlated better. In thoracic group, there was no significant difference between ATR and AVR-CT ( P = .236). A significant correlation was found between ATR and AVR-CT(r = .574, P < .001). In TL/L group, no significant difference was noted between AVR-EOS and AVR-CT ( P = .414), and a significant correlation was found between AVR-EOS and AVR-CT(r = .824, P < .001). Conclusion ATR by scoliometer is numerically similar to AVR by CT and may evaluate the spinal rotation more appropriately in thoracic spine. AVR by EOS is numerically similar to AVR by CT and may be more applicable in TL/L spine. Appropriate methods could be selected according to the location of the curve.
Single-cell genomics in AML: extending the frontiers of AML research
Authors: Ediriwickrema Asiri , Gentles Andrew J. , Majeti Ravindra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The era of genomic medicine has allowed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) researchers to improve disease characterization, optimize risk-stratification systems, and develop new treatments. Although there has been significant progress, AML remains a lethal cancer because of its remarkably complex and plastic cellular architecture. This degree of heterogeneity continues to pose a major challenge, because it limits the ability to identify and therefore eradicate the cells responsible for leukemogenesis and treatment failure. In recent years, the field of single-cell genomics has led to unprecedented strides in the ability to characterize cellular heterogeneity, and it holds promise for the study of AML. In this review, we highlight advancements in single-cell technologies, outline important shortcomings in our understanding of AML biology and clinical management, and discuss how single-cell genomics can address these shortcomings as well as provide unique opportunities in basic and translational AML research.
Headache-related circuits and high frequencies evaluated by EEG, MRI, PET as potential biomarkers to differentiate chronic and episodic migraine: Evidence from a systematic review
Authors: Gomez-Pilar Javier , Martínez-Cagigal Víctor , García-Azorín David , Gómez Carlos , Guerrero Ángel , Hornero Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of migraine is mainly clinical and self-reported, which makes additional examinations unnecessary in most cases. Migraine can be subtyped into chronic (CM) and episodic (EM). Despite the very high prevalence of migraine, there are no evidence-based guidelines for differentiating between these subtypes other than the number of days of migraine headache per month. Thus, we consider it timely to perform a systematic review to search for physiological evidence from functional activity (as opposed to anatomical structure) for the differentiation between CM and EM, as well as potential functional biomarkers. For this purpose, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and PubMed databases were screened.

Findings
Among the 24 studies included in this review, most of them (22) reported statistically significant differences between the groups of CM and EM. This finding is consistent regardless of brain activity acquisition modality, ictal stage, and recording condition for a wide variety of analyses. That speaks for a supramodal and domain-general differences between CM and EM that goes beyond a differentiation based on the days of migraine per month. Together, the reviewed studies demonstrates that electro- and magneto-physiological brain activity (M/EEG), as well as neurovascular and metabolic recordings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), show characteristic patterns that allow to differentiate between CM and EM groups.

Conclusions
Although a clear brain activity-based biomarker has not yet been identified to distinguish these subtypes of migraine, research is approaching headache specialists to a migraine diagnosis based not only on symptoms and signs reported by patients. Future studies based on M/EEG should pay special attention to the brain activity in medium and fast frequency bands, mainly the beta band. On the other hand, fMRI and PET studies should focus on neural circuits and regions related to pain and emotional processing.
Cogito: automated and generic comparison of annotated genomic intervals
Authors: Bürger Annika , Dugas Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Genetic and epigenetic biological studies often combine different types of experiments and multiple conditions. While the corresponding raw and processed data are made available through specialized public databases, the processed files are usually limited to a specific research question. Hence, they are unsuitable for an unbiased, systematic overview of a complex dataset. However, possible combinations of different sample types and conditions grow exponentially with the amount of sample types and conditions. Therefore the risk to miss a correlation or to overrate an identified correlation should be mitigated in a complex dataset. Since reanalysis of a full study is rarely a viable option, new methods are needed to address these issues systematically, reliably, reproducibly and efficiently.

Results
Cogito “COmpare annotated Genomic Intervals TOol” provides a workflow for an unbiased, structured overview and systematic analysis of complex genomic datasets consisting of different data types (e.g. RNA-seq, ChIP-seq) and conditions. Cogito is able to visualize valuable key information of genomic or epigenomic interval-based data, thereby providing a straightforward analysis approach for comparing different conditions. It supports getting an unbiased impression of a dataset and developing an appropriate analysis strategy for it. In addition to a text-based report, Cogito offers a fully customizable report as a starting point for further in-depth investigation.

Conclusions
Cogito implements a novel approach to facilitate high-level overview analyses of complex datasets, and offers additional insights into the data without the need for a full, time-consuming reanalysis. The R/Bioconductor package is freely available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Cogito.html, a comprehensive documentation with detailed descriptions and reproducible examples is included.
Scarf Injury: a qualitative examination of the emergency response and acute care pathway from a unique mechanism of road traffic injury in Bangladesh
Authors: Tupetz Anna , Strand Eleanor , Hoque Kazi Imdadul , Sultana Mohsina , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Staton Catherine , Landry Michel D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Road traffic injuries (RTI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children over 5 and adults aged 18–29. Nonfatal RTIs result in 20–50 million annual injuries. In Bangladesh, a new mechanism of RTI has emerged over the past decade known as a ‘scarf injury.’ Scarf injuries occur when scarves, part of traditional female dress, are caught in the driveshaft of an autorickshaw. The mechanism of injury results in novel, strangulation-like cervical spine trauma. This study aimed to understand the immediate emergency response, acute care pathway, and subsequent functional and health outcomes for survivors of scarf injuries.

Methods
Key informant interviews were conducted with female scarf injury survivors (n = 12), caregivers (n = 6), and health care workers (n = 15). Themes and subthemes were identified via inductive content analysis, then applied to the three-delay model to examine specific breakdowns in pre-hospital care and provide a basis for future interventions.

Findings
Over half of the scarf injury patients were between the ages of 10 and 15. All but two were tetraplegic. Participants emphasized less than optimal patient outcomes were due to unawareness of scarf injuries and spinal cord injuries among the general public and health professionals; unsafe and inefficient bystander first aid and transportation; and high cost of acute health care.

Conclusions
Females in Bangladesh are at significant risk of sustaining serious and life-threatening trauma through scarf injuries in autorickshaws, further worsened through inadequate care along the trauma care pathway. Interventions designed to increase awareness and knowledge of basic SCI care at the community and provider level would likely improve health and functional outcomes.
Surgery for acute cholecystitis in severely comorbid patients: a population-based study on acute cholecystitis
Authors: Osterman Erik , Helenius Louise , Larsson Christina , Jakobsson Sofia , Majumder Tamali , Blomberg Anders , Wickenberg Jennie , Linder Fredrik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
International guidelines recommend emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in patients who are healthy or have mild systemic disease (ASA1-2). Surgery is also an option for patients with severe systemic disease (ASA3) in clinical practice. The study aimed to investigate the risk of complications in ASA3 patients after surgery for acute cholecystitis.

Method
1 634 patients treated for acute cholecystitis at three Swedish centres between 2017 and 2020 were included in the study. Data was gathered from electronic patient records and the Swedish registry for gallstone surgery, Gallriks. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of complications adjusted for confounding factors: sex, age, BMI, Charlson comorbidity index, cholecystitis grade, smoking and time to surgery.

Results
725 patients had emergency surgery for acute cholecystitis, 195 were ASA1, 375 ASA2, and 152 ASA3. Complications occurred in 9% of ASA1, 13% of ASA2, and 24% of ASA3 patients. There was no difference in 30-day mortality. ASA3 patients stayed on average 2 days longer after surgery. After adjusting for other factors, the risk of complications was 2.5 times higher in ASA3 patients than in ASA1 patients. The risk of complications after elective surgery was 5% for ASA1, 13% for ASA2 and 14% for ASA3 patients. Regardless of ASA 18% of patients treated non-operatively had a second gallstone complication within 3 months.

Conclusion
Patients with severe systemic disease have an increased risk of complications but not death after emergency surgery. The risk is lower for elective procedures, but a substantial proportion will have new gallstone complications before elective surgery.
Trial registration: Not applicable.
2-deoxy-d-glucose as an adjunct to standard of care in the medical management of COVID-19: a proof-of-concept and dose-ranging randomised phase II clinical trial
Authors: Bhatt Anant Narayan , Shenoy Srinivas , Munjal Sagar , Chinnadurai Vijayakumar , Agarwal Apurva , Vinoth Kumar A. , Shanavas A. , Kanwar Ratnesh , Chandna Sudhir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
At present, no single efficacious therapeutic exists for acute COVID-19 management and a multimodal approach may be necessary. 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a metabolic inhibitor that has been shown to limit multiplication of SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 2-DG as adjunct to standard care in the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase II, clinical study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 2-DG administered as adjunct to standard of care (SOC). A total of 110 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years with moderate to severe COVID-19 were included. Patients were randomized to receive 63, 90, or 126 mg/kg/day 2-DG in addition to SOC or SOC only. Times to maintaining SpO2 ≥ 94% on room air, discharge, clinical recovery, vital signs normalisation, improvement by 1 and 2 points on WHO clinical progression scale, negative conversion on RT-PCR, requirement for intensive care, and mortality were analyzed to assess the efficacy.

Results
Patients treated with 90 mg/kg/day 2-DG plus SOC showed better outcomes. Time to maintaining SpO2 ≥ 94% was significantly shorter in the 2-DG 90 mg compared to SOC (median 2.5 days vs. 5 days, Hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.3 [1.14, 4.64], p = 0.0201). Times to discharge from isolation ward, to clinical recovery, and to vital signs normalization were significantly shorter for the 2-DG 90 mg group. All three doses of 2-DG were well tolerated. Thirty-three (30.3%) patients reported 65 adverse events and were mostly (86%) mild.

Conclusions
2-DG 90 mg/kg/day as adjunct to SOC showed clinical benefit over SOC alone in the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19. The promising trends observed in current phase II study is encouraging for confirmatory evaluation of the efficacy and safety of 2-DG in a larger phase III trial.
Trial registration: CTRI, CTRI/2020/06/025664. Registered 5th June 2020, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=44369&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2744369det%27.
Optimizing home-based long-term intensive care for neurological patients with neurorehabilitation outreach teams – protocol of a multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (OptiNIV-Study)
Authors: Platz Thomas , Kohlmann Thomas , Fleßa Steffen , Einhäupl Bernadette , Koppelow Martha , Willacker Lina , Gdynia Hans-Jürgen , Henning Esther , Herzog Jürgen , Müller Friedemann , Nowak Dennis A. , Pletz Romy , Schlachetzki Felix , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Schüttler Michael , Straube Andreas , Süss Rebekka , Ziegler Volker , Bender Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Even with high standards of acute care and neurological early rehabilitation (NER) a substantial number of patients with neurological conditions still need mechanical ventilation and/or airway protection by tracheal cannulas when discharged and hence home-based specialised intensive care nursing (HSICN). It may be possible to improve the home care situation with structured specialized long-term neurorehabilitation support and following up patients with neurorehabilitation teams. Consequently, more people might recover over an extended period to a degree that they were no longer dependent on HSICN.

Methods
This healthcare project and clinical trial implements a new specialised neurorehabilitation outreach service for people being discharged from NER with the need for HSICN. The multicentre, open, parallel-group RCT compares the effects of one year post-discharge specialized outpatient follow-up to usual care in people receiving HSICN. Participants will randomly be assigned to receive the new form of healthcare (intervention) or the standard healthcare (control) on a 2:1 basis. Primary outcome is the rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation and/or decannulation (primary outcome) after one year, secondary outcomes include both clinical and economic measures. 173 participants are required to corroborate a difference of 30 vs. 10% weaning success rate statistically with 80% power at a 5% significance level allowing for 15% attrition.

Discussion
The OptiNIV-Study will implement a new specialised neurorehabilitation outreach service and will determine its weaning success rates, other clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness compared to usual care for people in need for mechanical ventilation and/or tracheal cannula and hence HSICN after discharge from NER.

Trial registration
The trial OptiNIV has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) since 18.01.2022 with the ID DRKS00027326.
Association between lower uterine wall thickness measured at 18–22 weeks of gestation and risk of Preterm Birth: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yapan Piengbulan , Wanitpongpan Prapat , Sripang Nawiya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Preterm labour prediction has been relied on history of previous preterm birth and cervical length of current pregnancy. However, universal cervical length measurement has some limitation. We aim to find a surrogate marker of cervical length to close the gap in preterm prevention program and lower uterine wall thickness seems promising. We generate the nomogram of lower uterine wall thickness during 18–22 weeks of gestation and evaluate the accuracy of LUW thickness as a predictor of preterm delivery before 37 weeks.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 524 Thai singleton pregnant women at 18–22 weeks of gestation between November 2016 and October 2017. After signing informed consent, transabdominal ultrasonography was performed to examine fetal anatomical structures and to measure LUW thickness. The results were blinded to the caregivers. The outcomes of all pregnancies were followed. The LUW thickness at 10th percentiles was established and was correlated with the outcomes of pregnancy. The performance of LUW thickness at 10th percentile as a predictor of preterm delivery was calculated. The intra-observer and inter-observer reliability of measurement were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot.

Results
Of the 524 pregnant women, 64 (12.2%) delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. The reference value of lower uterine wall thickness at 18–22 weeks was established. Mean and 10th percentile of LUW thickness were 6.2 and 4.5 mm respectively. The inter-observer and intra-observer variation of measurement were small (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.926 and 0.989 respectively). Using LUW thickness at less than 4.5 mm as a predictor of preterm delivery, we found a 2.37 folds increased risk of preterm delivery after adjustment of other factors (p = 0.037). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 14% (95% CI: 6.64–25.02), 92.8% (95% CI: 90.06–95.12), 22.5% (95% CI: 12.66–36.76) and 88% (95% CI: 86.92–89.08) respectively.

Conclusions
The measurement of LUW thickness by transabdominal ultrasonography is feasible and reproducible. The risk of delivery before 37 weeks of gestation is increased significantly if the LUW thickness at 18–22 weeks is less than 4.5 mm.

Trial registration
The study protocol was approved by institutional ethical committee (COA No. Si 657/2016).