bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting advance care planning (ACP) in community health clinics in Israel: Perceptions of older adults with pro-ACP attitudes and their family physicians
Authors: Finkelstein Adi , Resnizky Shirli , Cohen Yafit , Garber Randi , Kannai Ruth , Katz Yisrael , Avni Ohad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe examined barriers and facilitators to patient-family physician discussions in Israel about advance care planning, including preparation of an advance directive by adults over age 65, as part of a program in two community health clinics which afforded family physicians the opportunity to dedicate time to such discussions with patients. To the best of our knowledge, the program is the first of its kind in Israel.MethodWe used thematic analyses of qualitative data collected through 22 interviews with patients with pro-advanced care planning attitudes and three focus groups with eleven family physicians.ResultsOverall, three themes in the interviews with patients and two themes in the focus groups with physicians emerged. The program gave people with pro-advanced care planning attitudes the opportunity to follow through with their ideas. We found that patients viewed their family physicians as facilitators and that the use of an information leaflet was an effective way to promote advance directives. Family physicians expressed positive attitudes toward assisting patients in the preparation of advance directives and welcomed an allotment of time for this endeavor as part of their schedule but expressed hesitation about assisting patients concerning legal and moral issues.Significance of resultsA pro-advanced care planning attitude is not enough for patients to complete the process of creating an advance directive; patients need active encouragement and intervention in order to turn their ideas into action. More patient and physician education are necessary to enable patients to protect their right to self-determination in end-of-life medical decision-making and to support physicians as facilitators of the process.
Physical model-driven deep networks for through-the-wall radar imaging
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Zhang Yue , Xiao Mingcheng , Zhou Huilin , Liu Qiegen , Gao Jianfei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to merge the advantages of the traditional compressed sensing (CS) methodology and the data-driven deep network scheme, this paper proposes a physical model-driven deep network, termed CS-Net, for solving target image reconstruction problems in through-the-wall radar imaging. The proposed method consists of two consequent steps. First, a learned convolutional neural network prior is introduced to replace the regularization term in the traditional iterative CS-based method to capture the redundancy of the radar echo signal. Moreover, the physical model of the radar signal is used in the data consistency layer to encourage consistency with the measurements. Second, the iterative CS optimization is unrolled to yield a deep learning network, where the weight, regularization parameter, and the other parameters are learnable. A quantity of training data enables the network to extract high-dimensional characteristics of the radar echo signal to reconstruct the spatial target image. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve accurate target image reconstruction and was superior to the traditional CS method, in terms of mean squared error and the target texture details.
Under Which Circumstances Does Academic Workload Lead to Stress?
Authors: Koudela-Hamila Susanne , Santangelo Philip S. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W. , Schlotz Wolff 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Academic stress is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes, including detrimental effects on mental health, achievement, and well-being. Numerous studies have shown an association between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and various health and risk factors. Some studies revealed a protective function of the CAR as a stress buffer preventing the stress system from overshooting. We investigated the moderating effect of the CAR on the within-subject association between academic workload and academic stress in participants’ daily lives using ambulatory assessment. We assessed 77 undergraduate university participants for 2 days at the beginning of the semester and approximately 3 months later, individually starting one week before an exam. Participants provided academic stress and academic workload ratings hourly during their waking time using smartphone-based e-diaries and salivary cortisol samples at awakening as well as 30, 45, and 60 min later on two consecutive days during each of the assessment waves. Average within-subject associations between academic workload and academic stress were analyzed using multilevel models. Interactions with indicators of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were included to test moderating effects of the CAR on the workload-stress associations. There was a significant positive within-subject association between academic workload and academic stress. Significant cross-level interactions showed a moderating effect of the CAR on this association. The results point out the importance of the CAR in the regulation of the workload-stress associations in academic life and underscore the relevance of investigating the influence of specific stressor-dependent reciprocal effects of the CAR on learning and experienced stress.
Clear Air Turbulence Observed Across a Tropopause Fold Over the Drake Passage—A Case Study
Authors: Rodriguez Imazio Paola , Dörnbrack Andreas , Urzua Rodrigo Delgado , Rivaben Nicolás , Godoy Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn aircraft turbulence encounter over the Drake Passage is investigated by combining unique high‐frequency flight level data, vertical profiles of a near‐simultaneous radiosonde profile and numerical results from global and regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Meteorological analysis reveals an intense polar low propagating from the Bellinghausen Sea toward the Drake Passage. A small and deep stratospheric intrusion formed a tropopause fold that promoted strong upper‐level frontogenesis and enhanced shear and horizontal deformation of the upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric (UTLS) airflow. In this region, the Basic HALO Measurement and Sensor System (BAHAMAS) aboard the HALO research aircraft flying at FL450 detected large peak‐to‐peak variations in all meteorological parameters. The computed Energy dissipation rate (EDR) values (cubic root of the eddy dissipation rate) indicate moderate to severe turbulence. The location of this turbulence encounter was well‐predicted by the clear air turbulence (CAT) indices derived from the NWP results. The enhanced CAT indices emphasize the large shear and horizontal deformation of the airflow as the cause of the turbulence. Horizontal and vertical energy spectra calculated from the 10 Hz BAHAMAS data show a well‐defined energy cascade toward small scales with Kolmogorov scaling. Maximum EDR values of about 0.35 derived both from the spectra and structure functions for the wind speed agree quantitatively very well. In addition, the structure functions support the detection of turbulent atmospheric conditions with signatures of flow anisotropy generated by enhanced thermal stratification in the UTLS. The scales involved are between the buoyancy length scale LB ≈ 1,500 m and the Ozmidov scale LO ≈ 111 m.
Losses of Radiation Belt Energetic Particles by Encounters With Four of the Inner Moons of Jupiter
Authors: Long Minyi , Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Gu Xudong , Kollmann Peter , Luo Qiong , Zhou Ruoxian , Guo Yingjie , Guo Deyu , Shprits Yuri Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on an improved model of the moon absorption of Jovian radiation belt particles, we investigate quantitatively and comprehensively the absorption probabilities and particle lifetimes due to encounters with four of the inner moons of Jupiter (Amalthea, Thebe, Io, and Europa) inside L < 10. Our results demonstrate that the resultant average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary dramatically between ∼0.1 days and well above 1,000 days, showing a strong dependence on the particle equatorial pitch angle, kinetic energy and moon orbit. The average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons against moon absorption are shortest for Io (i.e., ∼0.1–10 days) and longest for Thebe (i.e., up to thousands of days), with the lifetimes in between for Europa and Amalthea. Due to the diploe tilt angle absorption effect, the average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary markedly below and above = 67°. Overall, the average electron lifetimes exhibit weak pitch angle dependence, but the average proton lifetimes are strongly dependent on equatorial pitch angle. The average lifetimes of energetic protons decrease monotonically and substantially with the kinetic energy, but the average lifetimes of energetic electrons are roughly constant at energies <∼10 MeV, increase substantially around the Kepler velocities of the moons (∼10–50 MeV), and decrease quickly at even higher energies. Compared with the averaged electron lifetimes, the average proton lifetimes are longer at energies below a few MeV and shorter at energies above tens of MeV.
Neutral Air Turbulence in the Mesosphere and Associated Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSEs)
Authors: Mahmoudian A. , Kosch M. J. , Scales W. A. , Rietveld M. T. , Pinedo H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe first true common volume observations of the PMSE source region with 4 radars are presented in this paper. Radar frequencies of 8, 56, 224, and 930 MHz are used in this study. Three days of experimental observations at EISCAT are presented. Numerical simulations of mesospheric dusty/ice plasma associated with the observed radar frequencies are presented. The effect of neutral air turbulence on the generation and strength of plasma density perturbations associated with PMSE using four radar frequencies and in the presence of various dust parameters is investigated. Using the model it is shown that the well‐known neutral air turbulence in the presence of heavy dust particles and neutral air turbulence combined with dust density (dusty turbulence) can largely explain the observed radar cross‐section at four radar frequencies. The effect of neutral air turbulence amplitude along with dust charging and diffusion in the presence of various dust parameters is investigated using the computational model. Specifically, the response of diffusion to charging time scales, plasma density fluctuation amplitude and background dusty plasma parameters are discussed. Several key parameters in the dusty plasma responsible for the PMSE observations are determined. Qualitative comparison of radar echo strength at 4 frequencies with numerical results is provided. Unlike the previous studies that required large dust particles of 20 nm for PMSE formation, the present work demonstrates the possibility of small dust particles to explain the experimental observations.
The anti-osteosarcoma cell activity by the sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor SKI-V
Authors: Sun Xu , Shan Hua-jian , Yin Gang , Zhang Xiang-yang , Huang Yu-min , Li Hai-jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) expression and activity are elevated in human osteosarcoma (OS) and is a promising target of therapy. SKI-V is a non-competitive and highly-efficient non-lipid SphK1 inhibitor. The potential anti-OS cell activity by the SphK1 inhibitor was studied here. In primary OS cells and immortalized cell lines, SKI-V robustly suppressed cell survival, growth and proliferation as well as cell mobility, and inducing profound OS cell death and apoptosis. The SphK1 inhibitor was however non-cytotoxic nor pro-apoptotic in human osteoblasts. SKI-V robustly inhibited SphK1 activation and induced accumulation of ceramides, without affecting SphK1 expression in primary OS cells. The SphK1 activator K6PC-5 or sphingosine-1-phosphate partially inhibited SKI-V-induced OS cell death. We showed that SKI-V concurrently blocked Akt-mTOR activation in primary OS cells. A constitutively-active Akt1 (ca-Akt1, S473D) construct restored Akt-mTOR activation and mitigated SKI-V-mediated cytotoxicity in primary OS cells. In vivo, daily injection of SKI-V potently suppressed OS xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. In SKI-V-administrated OS xenograft tissues, SphK1 inhibition, ceramide increase and Akt-mTOR inhibition were detected. Together, SKI-V exerts significant anti-OS activity by inhibiting SphK1 and Akt-mTOR cascades in OS cells.
Molecular mechanism of Arp2/3 complex inhibition by Arpin
Authors: Fregoso Fred E. , van Eeuwen Trevor , Simanov Gleb , Rebowski Grzegorz , Boczkowska Malgorzata , Zimmet Austin , Gautreau Alexis M. , Dominguez Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPositive feedback loops involving signaling and actin assembly factors mediate the formation and remodeling of branched actin networks in processes ranging from cell and organelle motility to mechanosensation. The Arp2/3 complex inhibitor Arpin controls the directional persistence of cell migration by interrupting a feedback loop involving Rac-WAVE-Arp2/3 complex, but Arpin’s mechanism of inhibition is unknown. Here, we describe the cryo-EM structure of Arpin bound to Arp2/3 complex at 3.24-Å resolution. Unexpectedly, Arpin binds Arp2/3 complex similarly to WASP-family nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) that activate the complex. However, whereas NPFs bind to two sites on Arp2/3 complex, on Arp2-ArpC1 and Arp3, Arpin only binds to the site on Arp3. Like NPFs, Arpin has a C-helix that binds at the barbed end of Arp3. Mutagenesis studies in vitro and in cells reveal how sequence differences within the C-helix define the molecular basis for inhibition by Arpin vs. activation by NPFs.
A robust method for collider bias correction in conditional genome-wide association studies
Authors: Mahmoud Osama , Dudbridge Frank , Davey Smith George , Munafo Marcus , Tilling Kate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEstimated genetic associations with prognosis, or conditional on a phenotype (e.g. disease incidence), may be affected by collider bias, whereby conditioning on the phenotype induces associations between causes of the phenotype and prognosis. We propose a method, ‘Slope-Hunter’, that uses model-based clustering to identify and utilise the class of variants only affecting the phenotype to estimate the adjustment factor, assuming this class explains more variation in the phenotype than any other variant classes. Simulation studies show that our approach eliminates the bias and outperforms alternatives even in the presence of genetic correlation. In a study of fasting blood insulin levels (FI) conditional on body mass index, we eliminate paradoxical associations of the underweight loci:COBLLI;PPARGwith increased FI, and reveal an association for the locus rs1421085 (FTO). In an analysis of a case-only study for breast cancer mortality, a single region remains associated with more pronounced results.
Manipulation of RNA polymerase III by Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Authors: Dremel Sarah E. , Sivrich Frances L. , Tucker Jessica M. , Glaunsinger Britt A. , DeLuca Neal A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes noncoding RNA, including transfer RNA (tRNA), and is commonly targeted during cancer and viral infection. We find that Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) stimulates tRNA expression 10-fold. Perturbation of host tRNA synthesis requires nuclear viral entry, but not synthesis of specific viral transcripts. tRNA with a specific codon bias were not targeted—rather increased transcription was observed from euchromatic, actively transcribed loci. tRNA upregulation is linked to unique crosstalk between the Pol II and III transcriptional machinery. While viral infection results in depletion of Pol II on host mRNA promoters, we find that Pol II binding to tRNA loci increases. Finally, we report Pol III and associated factors bind the viral genome, which suggests a previously unrecognized role in HSV-1 gene expression. These findings provide insight into mechanisms by which HSV-1 alters the host nuclear environment, shifting key processes in favor of the pathogen.
Event boundaries shape temporal organization of memory by resetting temporal context
Authors: Pu Yi , Kong Xiang-Zhen , Ranganath Charan , Melloni Lucia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn memory, our continuous experiences are broken up into discrete events. Boundaries between events are known to influence the temporal organization of memory. However, how and through which mechanism event boundaries shape temporal order memory (TOM) remains unknown. Across four experiments, we show that event boundaries exert a dual role: improving TOM for items within an event and impairing TOM for items across events. Decreasing event length in a list enhances TOM, but only for items at earlier local event positions, an effect we term the local primacy effect. A computational model, in which items are associated to a temporal context signal that drifts over time but resets at boundaries captures all behavioural results. Our findings provide a unified algorithmic mechanism for understanding how and why event boundaries affect TOM, reconciling a long-standing paradox of why both contextual similarity and dissimilarity promote TOM.
CRISPR-Cas9 induces large structural variants at on-target and off-target sites in vivo that segregate across generations
Authors: Höijer Ida , Emmanouilidou Anastasia , Östlund Rebecka , van Schendel Robin , Bozorgpana Selma , Tijsterman Marcel , Feuk Lars , Gyllensten Ulf , den Hoed Marcel , Ameur Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has potential to cure diseases without current treatments, but therapies must be safe. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 editing can introduce unintended mutations in vivo, which are passed on to the next generation. By editing fertilized zebrafish eggs using four guide RNAs selected for off-target activity in vitro, followed by long-read sequencing of DNA from >1100 larvae, juvenile and adult fish across two generations, we find that structural variants (SVs), i.e., insertions and deletions ≥50 bp, represent 6% of editing outcomes in founder larvae. These SVs occur both at on-target and off-target sites. Our results also illustrate that adult founder zebrafish are mosaic in their germ cells, and that 26% of their offspring carries an off-target mutation and 9% an SV. Hence, pre-testing for off-target activity and SVs using patient material is advisable in clinical applications, to reduce the risk of unanticipated effects with potentially large implications.
A population-based cohort study of obesity, ethnicity and COVID-19 mortality in 12.6 million adults in England
Authors: Yates Thomas , Summerfield Annabel , Razieh Cameron , Banerjee Amitava , Chudasama Yogini , Davies Melanie J. , Gillies Clare , Islam Nazrul , Lawson Claire , Mirkes Evgeny , Zaccardi Francesco , Khunti Kamlesh , Nafilyan Vahé 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObesity and ethnicity are known risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes, but their combination has not been extensively examined. We investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 mortality across different ethnic groups using linked national Census, electronic health records and mortality data for adults in England from the start of pandemic (January 2020) to December 2020. There were 30,067 (0.27%), 1,208 (0.29%), 1,831 (0.29%), 845 (0.18%) COVID-19 deaths in white, Black, South Asian and other ethnic minority groups, respectively. Here we show that BMI was more strongly associated with COVID-19 mortality in ethnic minority groups, resulting in an ethnic risk of COVID-19 mortality that was dependant on BMI. The estimated risk of COVID-19 mortality at a BMI of 40 kg/m2 in white ethnicities was equivalent to the risk observed at a BMI of 30.1 kg/m2, 27.0 kg/m2, and 32.2 kg/m2 in Black, South Asian and other ethnic minority groups, respectively.
A silicon singlet–triplet qubit driven by spin-valley coupling
Authors: Jock Ryan M. , Jacobson N. Tobias , Rudolph Martin , Ward Daniel R. , Carroll Malcolm S. , Luhman Dwight R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpin–orbit effects, inherent to electrons confined in quantum dots at a silicon heterointerface, provide a means to control electron spin qubits without the added complexity of on-chip, nanofabricated micromagnets or nearby coplanar striplines. Here, we demonstrate a singlet–triplet qubit operating mode that can drive qubit evolution at frequencies in excess of 200 MHz. This approach offers a means to electrically turn on and off fast control, while providing high logic gate orthogonality and long qubit dephasing times. We utilize this operational mode for dynamical decoupling experiments to probe the charge noise power spectrum in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor double quantum dot. In addition, we assess qubit frequency drift over longer timescales to capture low-frequency noise. We present the charge noise power spectral density up to 3 MHz, which exhibits a 1/fα dependence consistent with α ~ 0.7, over 9 orders of magnitude in noise frequency.
Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies tether viral particles at the surface of infected cells
Authors: Dufloo Jérémy , Planchais Cyril , Frémont Stéphane , Lorin Valérie , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Stefic Karl , Casartelli Nicoletta , Echard Arnaud , Roingeard Philippe , Mouquet Hugo , Schwartz Olivier , Bruel Timothée 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBroadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are promising molecules for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. Beyond neutralization, bNAbs exert Fc-dependent functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and activation of the complement. Here, we show that a subset of bNAbs targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1/V2 or V3 loops inhibit viral release from infected cells. We combined immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunogold staining to reveal that some bNAbs form large aggregates of virions at the surface of infected cells. This activity correlates with the capacity of bNAbs to bind to Env at the cell surface and to neutralize cell-free viral particles. We further show that antibody bivalency is required for viral retention, and that aggregated virions are neutralized. We have thus identified an additional antiviral activity of bNAbs, which block HIV-1 release by tethering viral particles at the surface of infected cells.
Power loss and hotspot analysis for photovoltaic modules affected by potential induced degradation
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Tyrrell Andy M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPotential-induced degradation (PID) of photovoltaic (PV) modules is one of the most severe types of degradation in modern modules, where power losses depend on the strength of the electric field, the temperature and relative humidity, and the PV module materials. Previous studies have only considered single effects of PID; however, this work investigates the power losses, development of hotspots, mm-level defects, and the performance ratio (PR) of 28 PID affected PV modules. Following a standard PID experiment, it was found that (i) the average power loss is 25%, (ii) hotspots were developed in the modules with an increase in the surface temperature from 25 to 45 °C, (iii) 60% of the examined PV modules failed the reliability test following IEC61215 standard, and (iv) the mean PR ratio is equivalent to 71.16%.