bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic Outcomes of Precision Irrigation Management Technologies with Varying Complexity
Authors: Thorp Kelly R. , Calleja Sebastian , Pauli Duke , Thompson Alison L. , Elshikha Diaa Eldin 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsCotton yield and water productivity were measured for different precision irrigation management solutions.Agronomic improvements from site-specific irrigation based on spatial FAO-56 crop coefficient data were minor.Thermal remote sensing data from unoccupied aircraft systems were able to identify crop water limitations.Integrated sensing and modeling tools that can achieve intended agronomic outcomes should be prioritized.Abstract. Diverse technologies, methodologies, and data sources have been proposed to inform precision irrigation management decisions, and the technological complexity of different solutions is highly variable. Additional field studies are needed to identify solutions that achieve intended agronomic outcomes in simple and cost-effective ways. The objective of this study was to compare cotton yield and water productivity outcomes resulting from different solutions for scheduling and conducting precision irrigation management. A cotton field study was conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, in 2019 and 2020 that evaluated the outcomes of four management solutions with varying technological complexity: (1) a stand-alone evapotranspiration-based soil water balance model with field-average soil parameters (MDL), (2) using site-specific soil data to spatialize the modeling framework (SOL), (3) driving the model with spatial crop coefficients estimated from an unoccupied aircraft system (UAS), and (4) using commercial variable-rate irrigation technology for site-specific irrigation applications (VRI). Soil water content data and thermal UAS data were also collected but used only in post hoc data analysis. Applied irrigation, cotton fiber yield, and water productivity were statistically identical for MDL and SOL. As compared to MDL, the UAS crop coefficient approach significantly reduced applied irrigation by 7% and 14% but also reduced yield by 5% and 26% in 2019 and 2020, respectively (p = 0.05). In 2019 only, the VRI approach maintained yield while significantly reducing applied irrigation by 8% compared to MDL, and water productivity was significantly increased from 0.200 to 0.211 kg m-3 when one outlier datum was removed (p = 0.05). Post hoc data analysis showed that crop water stress information, particularly from UAS thermal imaging data, would likely benefit the irrigation scheduling protocol. Efforts to develop integrated sensing and modeling tools that can guide precision irrigation management to achieve intended agronomic outcomes should be prioritized and will be relevant whether irrigation applications are site-specific or uniform. Keywords: Cotton, Crop coefficient, Drone, FAO-56, Irrigation scheduling, Remote sensing, Site-specific irrigation, Soil mapping, Unoccupied aircraft system, Variable-rate irrigation, Water stress.
Field Performance of Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Manufactured from Thin Treated Lamina
Authors: Stirling Rod , Knudson Robert M. , Feng Martin W. , Morris Paul I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Glued Laminated Timber, commonly referred to as Glulam, is an important structural wood product, suitable for use in exterior applications provided it is protected against decay by building design, natural durability, or treatment. Bonding treated lamina made from refractory species is challenging because resurfacing after treatment can remove much of the treated zone and create a waste disposal challenge. It was hypothesized that use of roll-pressing rather than resurfacing could address this. When an adhesive modifier was used to prevent the adverse effects of wood preservatives on adhesive bonding, treated lamina that were replaned before gluing had similar shear strength to untreated planed lamina. However, the treated lamina that were roll-pressed before gluing had lower shear strength than the replaned lamina. The consequence of this weakening was evident in an above-ground field test where delamination was observed in several test units after 12 years of exposure. Decay resistance was evaluated in above-ground, ground contact, and ground proximity tests. The decay resistance of treated glulam was high with only low levels of decay reported in all tests, while untreated controls showed advanced decay or failure. Yellow cedar glulam, included as a reference in the ground proximity test, showed moderate decay after 10 years of exposure.
Innovation and demonstration of optical service unit-based metro-optimized OTN technologies
Authors: Jing Ruiquan , Zhang Chengliang , Zhou Heng , Li Junjie , Qiuyou Wu , Zhang Yuanbin , Wang Yaqin , Su Wei , Gong Yadong , Huo Xiaoli 
Published: January 2022

To efficiently support the transport of sub-1-Gbps services, an optical service unit (OSU)-based metro-optimized optical transport network (M-OTN) technology framework is proposed and described. The proposed M-OTN/OSU technologies have been implemented by major OTN equipment vendors and verified in a network operator’s lab for the first time to our knowledge. Moreover, a multivendor interoperability test has been conducted in a real-time field trial. The experimental results show that M-OTN/OSU has clear advantages over existing SDH VC/packet-enhanced OTN technologies in several key aspects, e.g., low latency, massive connections, and agile hitless bandwidth adjustment. M-OTN/OSU will be valuable for network operators providing high-quality leased line services and video/VR services in modern OTNs with unprecedented scalability and performance.
Diversifying history: A large-scale analysis of changes in researcher demographics and scholarly agendas
Authors: Risi Stephan , Nielsen Mathias W. , Kerr Emma , Brady Emer , Kim Lanu , McFarland Daniel A. , Jurafsky Dan , Zou James , Schiebinger Londa 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, interest has grown in whether and to what extent demographic diversity sparks discovery and innovation in research. At the same time, topic modeling has been employed to discover differences in what women and men write about. This study engages these two strands of scholarship to explore associations between changing researcher demographics and research questions asked in the discipline of history. Specifically, we analyze developments in history as women entered the field.MethodsWe focus on author gender in diachronic analysis of history dissertations from 1980 (when online data is first available) to 2015 and a select set of general history journals from 1950 to 2015. We use correlated topic modeling and network visualizations to map developments in research agendas over time and to examine how women and men have contributed to these developments.ResultsOur summary snapshot of aggregate interests of women and men for the period 1950 to 2015 identifies new topics associated with women authors: gender and women’s history, body history, family and households, consumption and consumerism, and sexuality. Diachronic analysis demonstrates that while women pioneered topics such as gender and women’s history or the history of sexuality, these topics broaden over time to become methodological frameworks that historians widely embraced and that changed in interesting ways as men engaged with them. Our analysis of history dissertations surface correlations between advisor/advisee gender pairings and choice of dissertation topic.ConclusionsOverall, this quantitative longitudinal study suggests that the growth in women historians has coincided with the broadening of research agendas and an increased sensitivity to new topics and methodologies in the field.
Risk factors for hypertension and diabetes comorbidity in a Korean population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chi Jeong Hee , Lee Bum Ju 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHypertension and diabetes are risk factors for severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities. No studies have examined the associations of various risk factors related to anthropometry, bone mineral density and body composition of specific body regions with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity (HDC). This study explored the association between HDC and various risk factors related to specific body regions.MethodA total of 7,978 subjects (3,451 men and 4,527 women) aged ≥ 50 years were included in the analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis based on complex sample data analysis was conducted to examine associations between the normal and diabetes groups, between the normal and hypertension groups, and between the normal and HDC groups.ResultsAmong Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years, 11.27% of men and 10.05% of women had both diabetes and hypertension. The HDC prevalence was higher in men than in women. In men, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, adjusted OR = 1.63 [1.22–2.18], adjusted p<0.001) exhibited a more significant association with HDC than other indices, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.61 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0009) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.60 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0007) displayed strong negative associations with diabetes, and left leg lean mass (adjusted OR = 0.77 [0.67–0.89], adjusted p = 0.0002) and trunk fat mass (adjusted OR = 1.28 [1.07–1.52], adjusted p = 0.0062) were significantly associated with hypertension. In women, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.29 [0.22–0.39], adjusted p<0.0001) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.32 [0.23–0.45], adjusted p<0.0001) exhibited strong negative associations with HDC, waist circumference (WC) (adjusted OR = 2.15 [1.40–3.30], adjusted p = 0.0005) showed a stronger association with diabetes than did other indices, and WC (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.11–1.74], adjusted p = 0.0040) and WHtR (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.09–1.76], adjusted p = 0.0075) were significantly associated with hypertension.DiscussionHDC was more strongly associated with fat and lean mass than diabetes and hypertension. The association between HDC and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men.
Business Success in Perception of Polish and Romanian Farmers
Authors: Toader Cosmina-Simona , Zajdel Małgorzata , Michalcewicz-Kaniowska Małgorzata , Feher Andrea Ana 
Published: January 2022

A business represents the organized effort of a group of individuals who seek to obtain and market goods and services that meet the demands of society in order to make a profit. Agricultural business are unique in that they requires the application of a specific set of principles and concepts. Business success has different dimensions, some business owners associate success with financial rewards, while others can define success as satisfaction and completion. In the present article authors want to reveal the perception of Polish and Romanian farmers regarding business success. The perception of farmers regarding business success is emphasized by a study based on a quantitative method. Data were collected through a survey, using as research instrument a questionnaire. The research methodology involved: questionnaire design, questionnaire testing, application the questionnaire, analysis and interpretation of data and drawing conclusions. The survey was made using the application provided by Google (Google Forms), questionnaires were filled online. The questionnaire, was applied among farmers from 2 countries, all respondents manage small and medium sized farms. More precise, authors want to reveal what means success for farmers, which are the factors that determines success in their opinion, what do they do to obtain success in their business
Apple Core Lesions and Ulcerative Masses Due to Disseminated Yersinia enterocolitica in an Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Tsai Christina , Apte Manisha , Curley Michael A. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A 68-year-old man with previous heart transplantation from a cytomegalovirus-positive donor presented with midabdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. A computed tomography scan noted apple core lesions in the hepatic and splenic flexures, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and hypoattenuating hepatic lesions concerning for malignancy. Colonoscopy visualized deep, cratered ulcers at both flexures, with extensive scattered ulcers throughout the colon. Biopsies were unrevealing for dysplasia, viral, and fungal causes. Liver lesion aspirates and stool culture eventually grew Yersinia enterocolitica. By diagnosis, the patient had gone into septic shock but improved after antibiotic initiation and remains clinically stable 4 months later.
Stabilization of Spine Synaptopodin by mGluR1 Is Required for mGluR-LTD
Authors: Speranza Luisa , Inglebert Yanis , De Sanctis Claudia , Wu Pei You , Kalinowska Magdalena , McKinney R. Anne , Francesconi Anna 
Published: January 2022

Dendritic spines, actin-rich protrusions forming the postsynaptic sites of excitatory synapses, undergo activity-dependent molecular and structural remodeling. Activation of Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) by synaptic or pharmacological stimulation, induces LTD, but whether this is accompanied with spine elimination remains unresolved. A subset of telencephalic mushroom spines contains the spine apparatus (SA), an enigmatic organelle composed of stacks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whose formation depends on the expression of the actin-bundling protein Synaptopodin. Allocation of Synaptopodin to spines appears governed by cell-intrinsic mechanisms as the relative frequency of spines harboring Synaptopodin is conservedin vivoandin vitro. Here we show that expression of Synaptopodin/SA in spines is required for induction of mGluR-LTD at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses of male mice. Post-mGluR-LTD, mushroom spines lacking Synaptopodin/SA are selectively lost, whereas spines harboring it are preserved. This process, dependent on activation of mGluR1 but not mGluR5, is conserved in mature mouse neurons and rat neurons of both sexes. Mechanistically, we find that mGluR1 supports physical retention of Synaptopodin within excitatory spine synapses during LTD while triggering lysosome-dependent degradation of the protein residing in dendritic shafts. Together, these results reveal a cellular mechanism, dependent on mGluR1, which enables selective preservation of stronger spines containing Synaptopodin/SA while eliminating weaker ones and potentially countering spurious strengthening byde novorecruitment of Synaptopodin. Overall, our results identify spines with Synaptopodin/SA as the locus of mGluR-LTD and underscore the importance of the molecular microanatomy of spines in synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-term changes in functional synaptic strength are associated with modification of synaptic connectivity through stabilization or elimination of dendritic spines, the postsynaptic locus of excitatory synapses. How heterogeneous spine microanatomy instructs spine remodeling after long-term synaptic depression (LTD) remains unclear. Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 induce a form of LTD critical to circuit function in physiological and disease conditions. Our results identify spines containing the protein Synaptopodin, which enables local assembly of a spine apparatus, as the locus of expression of mGluR-LTD and demonstrate a specific role of mGluR1 in promoting selective loss after mGluR-LTD of mature dendritic spines lacking Synaptopodin/spine apparatus. These findings highlight the fundamental contribution of spine microanatomy in selectively enabling functional and structural plasticity.
Magnetooptical Study of Spin-Orientation Phase Transition in NdFe3(BO3)4 Single Crystal
Authors: Bedarev V.A. , Pashchenko M.I. , Merenkov D.N. , Bezmaternykh L.N. , Temerov V.L. 
Published: January 2022

The magnetic field dependences of birefringence in a NdFe3(BO3)4 single crystal have been measured in the case where the direction of light propagation coincides with the trigonal crystal axis C3 (k ║ C3), and the external magnetic field is oriented along the second-order axis C2 (H ║ C2). In the temperature range, in which an incommensurate phase exists with the formation of a long-period antiferromagnetic helix, the strongly pronounced jumps in the field dependence of birefringence are revealed and identified as a first-order spin-orientation phase transition. The phase transition was accompanied by a hysteresis in the field dependences of birefringence. The H–T phase diagram for a NdFe3(BO3)4 single crystal has been plotted in the case where the magnetic field is oriented along the crystal axis C2 (H ║ C2).
Analysis of the 2019 Mw 5.8 Silivri Earthquake Ground Motions: Evidence of Systematic Azimuthal Variations Associated with Directivity Effects
Authors: Türker Elif , Cotton Fabrice , Pilz Marco , Weatherill Graeme 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main Marmara fault (MMF) extends for 150 km through the Sea of Marmara and forms the only portion of the North Anatolian fault zone that has not ruptured in a large event (Mw&gt;7) for the last 250 yr. Accordingly, this portion is potentially a major source contributing to the seismic hazard of the Istanbul region. On 26 September 2019, a sequence of moderate-sized events started along the MMF only 20 km south of Istanbul and were widely felt by the population. The largest three events, 26 September Mw 5.8 (10:59 UTC), 26 September 2019 Mw 4.1 (11:26 UTC), and 20 January 2020 Mw 4.7 were recorded by numerous strong-motion seismic stations and the resulting ground motions were compared to the predicted means resulting from a set of the most recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The estimated residuals were used to investigate the spatial variation of ground motion across the Marmara region. Our results show a strong azimuthal trend in ground-motion residuals, which might indicate systematically repeating directivity effects toward the eastern Marmara region.
Descentralización política e impuestos en la Carta de 1991
Authors: Patiño Rojas Jorge Enrique 
Published: January 2022

En cualquier forma de Estado, las entidades territoriales tienen la posibilidad de establecer los elementos de alguno o algunos impuestos (hecho generador, base gravable, sujetos activo y pasivo, y tarifa). Estos pueden ser previamente determinados por la ley, la cual sería la forma más genuina de descentralización política; sin embargo, en Colombia, por disposición constitucional de 1886 a la fecha, la competencia impositiva entre la Nación y las entidades territoriales ha sido decidida en favor de aquella. Soslayándose de esta manera dos posibilidades de descentralización política que a través de tributos establece la vigente Constitución. No obstante, la primera con arraigo en 1886; la segunda con fuente en 1991, y por omisión política del Congreso y tácita anuencia de la Corte Constitucional, en cuanto finalmente no se ha expedido adecuadamente la respectiva ley orgánica de ordenamiento territorial que lo permita. Esta situación que propicia que la Nación continúe manteniendo su preeminencia, casi sesquicentenaria, en el tema político-impositivo.
Penerapan Metode Bernyanyi Dalam Penguasaan Huruf Mudhoro’ah Fi’il Mudhori Melalui Google Classroom
Authors: Ulfa meilina Sarah Nur 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan saat masa pandemi covid-19 sehingga dilakukan secara online melalui Google Clasroom. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya penguasaan siswa MTs Al-Musyawarah Lembang mengenai materi huruf mudhoro’ah fi’il mudhori di kelas VIII. Selain itu kurangnya penggunaan metode dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, sehingga siswa merasa bosan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group desain. Hasil analisis data: (1) Nilai rata-rata pre-test kelas eksperimen sebesar 54,7, sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 66,7. (2) Setelah treatment rata-rata nilai post-test kelas eksperimen sebesar 77,3 sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 70. (3) Hasil uji N-Gain Score setelah penerapan metode bernyanyi pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 50,5% berada dalam kategori Average, Sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 5,5 % berada di kategori Low. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode bernyanyi cukup berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menguasai huruf mudhoro’ah fi’il mudhori.
RENDAHNYA MOTIVASI SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB SECARA DARING
Authors: Nadawiyah Kamila - 
Published: January 2022

Sejak pandemi COVID-19 masuk ke Indonesia, pemerintah mulai melakukan pembatasan di seluruh sektor, termasuk sektor Pengajaran. Dari tingkat taman kanak-kanak hingga perguruan tinggi, seluruh pelajar melakukan pembelajaran secara daring di rumah masing-masing. Pembelajaran daring tentu saja memiliki dampak yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap Pengajar maupun siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar apalagi bagi siswa tingkat menengah yang masih membutuhkan pengawasan dalam melaksanakan belajar. Pengajaran secara daring sangat mempengaruhi motivasi siswa dalam belajar, terutama pelajaran bahasa Arab yang tergolong masuk ke dalam mata pelajaran sulit. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, objek penelitian ini merupakan psikologis siswa yaitu motivasi siswa, adapun subjek penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas menengah pertama berbasis Islami. Dari data yang di temukan bahwa siswa cenderung tidak memiliki motivasi dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab karena tidak adanya teman untuk diskusi dan kurangnya dukungan lingkungan sekitar. Untuk menanggapi hal tersebut di perlukan metode yang kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran dan dibutuhkan dukungan dari orang tua untuk terus mengawasi dan memberikan dukungan positif untuk siswa.