bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myopie(progression) – welche präventiven Ansätze sind sinnvoll?
Authors: Wabbels Bettina 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungWeltweit nimmt die Anzahl myoper Menschen stark zu, und damit wird zukünftig auch die Zahl der Patienten mit Folgeerkrankungen wie myoper Makulopathie und Netzhautablösungen steigen. Daher
sind präventive Ansätze in den Fokus gerückt, die die Progression der Myopie im Kindes- und Jugendalter reduzieren sollen. Neben der Modifikation von Umweltfaktoren sind pharmakologische und
optische Methoden möglich.
Tonometrie: Rückblick und Ausblick (Teil 1)
Authors: Yaïci Rémi , Geerling Gerd 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer intraokulare Druck (IOD) ist ein wichtiger physikalischer Parameter der Physiologie des Auges. Ein erhöhter IOD wurde früh als Ätiologie für Augenerkrankungen vermutet. In diesem 1.
Teil des Beitrags wird neben den physiologischen Grundlagen die Kontakttonometrie vorgestellt, die sowohl die erste instrumentelle Methode mit den Indentationstonometern als auch den
Goldstandard mit dem Goldmann-Applanationstonometer darstellt.
Assessment of DOAC in GEriatrics (Adage Study): Rivaroxaban/Apixaban Concentrations and Thrombin Generation Profiles in NVAF Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Foulon-Pinto Geoffrey , Lafuente-Lafuente Carmelo , Jourdi Georges , Guen Julien Le , Tall Fatoumata , Puymirat Etienne , Delrue Maxime , Rivière Léa , Ketz Flora , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Mullier François , Gaussem Pascale , Pautas Eric , Lecompte Thomas , Curis Emmanuel , Siguret Virginie 
Published: November 2022

Background Although a growing number of very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), multiple conditions, and polypharmacy receive direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), few studies specifically investigated both apixaban/rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in such patients.
Aims To investigate: (1) DOAC concentration–time profiles; (2) thrombin generation (TG); and (3) clinical outcomes 6 months after inclusion in very elderly AF in-patients receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban.
Methods Adage-NCT02464488 was an academic prospective exploratory multicenter study, enrolling AF in-patients aged ≥80 years, receiving DOAC for at least 4 days. Each patient had one to five blood samples at different time points over 20 days. DOAC concentrations were determined using chromogenic assays. TG was investigated using ST-Genesia (STG-ThromboScreen, STG-DrugScreen).
Results We included 215 patients (women 71.1%, mean age: 87 ± 4 years), 104 rivaroxaban and 111 apixaban, and 79.5% receiving reduced-dose regimen. We observed important inter-individual variabilities (coefficient of variation) whatever the regimen, at C
max [49–46%] and C
min [75–61%] in 15 mg rivaroxaban and 2.5 mg apixaban patients, respectively. The dose regimen was associated with C
max and C
min plasma concentrations in apixaban (p = 0.0058 and p = 0.0222, respectively), but not in rivaroxaban samples (multivariate analysis). Moreover, substantial variability of thrombin peak height (STG-ThromboScreen) was noticed at a given plasma concentration for both xabans, suggesting an impact of the underlying coagulation status on TG in elderly in-patients. After 6-month follow-up, major bleeding/thromboembolic event/death rates were 6.7%/1.0%/17.3% in rivaroxaban and 5.4%/3.6%/18.9% in apixaban patients, respectively.
Conclusion Our study provides original data in very elderly patients receiving DOAC in a real-life setting, showing great inter-individual variability in plasma concentrations and TG parameters. Further research is needed to understand the potential clinical impact of these findings.
Comparison of bleeding following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy in patients treated with and without direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Konishi Takaaki , Ono Sachiko , Okada Akira , Matsui Hiroki , Tanabe Masahiko , Seto Yasuyuki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and study aims Despite the widespread use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), the association between DOAC use and complications (e. g., bleeding) following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate complications after biopsy in patients treated with DOACs in Japan, where biopsies would be generally performed without DOAC withdrawal based on guideline recommendations.Patients and methods Using a Japanese nationwide database, we identified patients taking DOACs who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy (n  = 2,769, DOAC group) and those not taking DOACs (n = 129,357, control group) from April 2015 to November 2020. We conducted 1:4 propensity score (PS) matching and overlap PS-weighting analyses with adjustment for background characteristics to compare occurrence of post-procedure hemorrhage and stroke within 1 week after biopsy, and thrombin use on the day of biopsy without a diagnosis of hemorrhage.Results In total, 578 patients (0.44 %) developed post-procedure hemorrhage, and 13 patients (0.01 %) developed stroke. The DOAC group had more comorbidities than the control group. The PS matching analysis revealed no significant differences in post-procedure hemorrhage (odds ratio, 1.52 [95 % confidential interval, 0.96–2.41]) or stroke (1.00 [0.21–4.71]), whereas the DOAC group received thrombin more often than the control group (1.60 [1.30–1.95]). The results were equivalent in the overlap PS-weighting analysis.Conclusions The PS analyses showed no significant differences in complications following gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy between DOAC users and non-users. These results suggest the safety of endoscopic biopsy without DOAC withdrawal although the need for careful hemostasis remains.
Particle characterization using optical measurements and neural networks
Authors: Moon Chi Young , Edwards Caitlyn , Byun Gwibo , Lowe K Todd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a novel optical particle sensor technique using artificial neural networks. This method relies on observations of light scattering and extinction by particles as input features to a trained neural network, which provides relevant particle distribution and representative shape for an integrated particle mass flow estimation. The models are trained on artificial data, generated for particles that the sensor is likely to encounter. The feasibility of our method is demonstrated through an experimental measurement of solid sand particles injected into a high-speed wind tunnel. The results show accurate estimations of the injected sand mass flow and particle size statistics, with a sand mass flow root-mean-square error of 0.28 g min−1 or 4.1

%

from the monitored rate using a precision scale. This measurement framework paves the way for sensor applications in harsh operating environments with limited optical access.
Surface-directed and bulk spinodal decomposition compete to decide the morphology of bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Pankaj P , Bhattacharyya S , Chatterjee S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An embedded-domain phase-field formalism is used for studying phase transformation pathways in bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs). Competition of bulk and surface-directed spinodal decomposition processes and their interplay with capillarity are identified as the main determinants of BNP morphology. Two dimensionless groups are found to reflect this competition and interaction: (a) the ratio of bulk to capillary driving forces (

Δ

f
˜

), and (b) ratio of difference in surface energies to the interfacial energy which relates to the three-phase contact angle (θ). The simulated morphologies, namely, core–shell, Janus and inverse core–shell, are found to cluster neatly into distinct regions of the

Δ

f
˜

-θ space. To connect phase-field simulations with specific BNP systems, the variation of θ with

Δ

f
˜

as a function of temperature is computed for Ag–Cu using a CALPHAD approach. The computed

Δ

f
˜

-θ trajectory for Ag–Cu, when superimposed on the morphology map derived from simulations, enabled the prediction of different morphological transitions as a function of temperature. Therefore, by providing an alternative and efficient approach to connect phase-field simulations with CALPAHD, the study demonstrates a unique computational framework that can assist in tailoring nanoparticle morphology through a variation of processing parameters.
Improvising an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones
Authors: Gabunilas Lowell M , Santos Katrina Jhoanne M , Buar Cara Luz , Castillo Judy Mae L , Pili Unofre B 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaboratory experience is integral to science education. However, access to quality science laboratory equipment is a major challenge faced by many educational institutions in developing countries. This paper reports on an improvisation of an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones and materials that are easy to obtain from the community. The Kundt’s Tube is a traditional apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in air. In science education, it is used as an instructional tool for teaching sound waves in high school physics and introductory college physics. Our improvised Kundt’s tube utilized a Polyvinyl chloride pipe for the main tube and two smartphones for producing and sensing sound. Using the improvised apparatus, we were able to create longitudinal standing waves and measure the speed of sound in air to within 3.76% of the theoretical value. Thus, the improvised Kundt’s tube is fit for use in high school physics and general physics laboratories. In addition, the materials used are easily accessible and readily available which makes the apparatus very economical.
Observations of Brillouin scattering process in Particle-In-Cell simulations for laser pulse interacting with magnetized overdense plasma
Authors: Goswami Laxman Prasad , Dhalia Trishul , Juneja Rohit , Maity Srimanta , Das Sathi , Das Amita 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Parametric processes play an important role in applications related to laser plasma interaction [P K Kaw, Review of Modern Plasma Physics, 1.1 (2017)]. Occurrence of these processes has primarily been reported in the context of laser interacting with an un-magnetized plasma. The regime of magnetized plasma, on the other hand, has remained largely unexplored from this perspective. Recent technological advancements in the production of high magnetic fields [Nakamura, Daisuke, et al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 89.9, 095106 (2018)] bring the area of laser interaction with magnetized plasma targets to the forefront of investigation. In this study, the parametric process of Brillouin scattering for a magnetised plasma target has been demonstrated with the help of one dimensional Particle-in-cell simulations using the platform of OSIRIS-4.0. The external magnetic field has been chosen to be directed along the laser propagation direction. This geometry supports the propagation of right (R) and left (L) circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in the plasma when the laser frequency falls in the appropriate pass band of the respective dispersion curves. A detailed study identifying the scattering process with differing strengths of the applied external magnetic field, and for various polarizations of the incident electromagnetic pulse has been carried out. The conditions favouring the excitation of parametric Brillouin scattering process has been outlined. The nonlinear regime of the scattering process has also been investigated.
Improved RF-DC characteristics and reduced gate leakage in GaN MOS-HEMTs using thermally grown Nb2O5 gate dielectric
Authors: Bhardwaj Navneet , Upadhyay Bhanu B , Parvez Bazila , Pohekar Prachi , Yadav Yogendra , Sahu Arpit , Patil Mahalaxmi , Basak Subhajit , Sahu Jyoti , Sabiha Farheen Shamim Ahmed , Ganguly Swaroop , Saha Dipankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work demonstrates the improvement in DC and RF characteristics and a reduction in the gate leakage current for thermally grown Nb2O5 as a gate dielectric in AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron-mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs). The MOS-HEMTs with an amorphous 10 nm thick Nb2O5 as the gate dielectric show a reduced gate leakage current of 10−9 A mm−1. Nb2O5 thin film creates a tensile strain in the AlGaN layer, enhancing the density of two-dimension electron gas (2-DEG). The performance of the device also improves in terms of saturation drain current, peak transconductance, subthreshold swing, and unity current gain frequency. An increase in the source-to-drain ON/OFF current ratio to 108 and a significant reduction in the subthreshold leakage current by at least two orders of magnitude are measured compared to the control HEMTs.
The Bonnor-Melvin magnetic 2 + 1 + p-brane solution in gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we present a 2 + 1 + p-brane solution in Einstein’s gravity coupled to the nonlinear electrodynamic with the Lagrangian density

−

F

μ
ν

F

μ
ν

powered by a true uniform magnetic field. The three and four-dimensional solutions coincide with the recently reported Bonnor-Melvin universe with a cosmological constant in gravity coupled with Maxwell’s linear Lagrangian in [50] and [7], respectively. The magnetic fields are produced by electric currents through coil-type wires located periodically with the discreet radii. The invariants of the spacetime are regular/constant everywhere but nonzero and proportional to Maxwell’s invariant.
High photoluminescence intensity of heterostructure AlGaN-based DUV-LED through uniform carrier distribution
Authors: Hairol Aman Mohammad Amirul , Ahmad Fajri Faris Azim , Ahmad Noorden Ahmad Fakhrurrazi , Daud Suzairi , Bahadoran Mahdi , Abdul Kadir Muhammad Zamzuri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report a numerical analysis of the variation of Aluminium (Al) composition in Al Gallium Nitride (AlGaN)-based Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED) and its effects on the carrier concentration, radiative recombination, and photoluminescence (PL). Three different structures with different Al compositions are compared and analyzed. The radiative recombination of the DUV-LED is less efficient due to the imbalance of carrier distribution. The findings show that the uniform electrons and holes distribution significantly improve the radiative recombination for structure with a thin step-shaped quantum well (QW). The simulated structure emits a wavelength of 302.874 nm, categorized in the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) spectrum. Our results imply that carrier uniformity in QW is required to enhance the light intensity of DUV-LED. Remarkably, the uniformity enhances the PL intensity drastically, at least six times higher than the first structure and twice higher than the second structure.
A simple quantum model for solving two-electron diatomics approximately
Authors: Pérez Paz Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Analytical expressions are obtained for the total energy of two-electron heteronuclear diatomics using a minimal basis set consisting of a 1S-Gaussian orbital centered on each atom and a Heitler-London trial wavefunction. The equations are applied to the recently discovered helium hydride cation (2019, Nature
568, 357–9) to understand its stability. Special attention was given to the fulfillment of the virial theorem and the different limiting cases (homonuclear diatomics, short and long internuclear distances). The correctness of equations and numerical results was confirmed via a brute-force Metropolis Monte Carlo integration. Expressions for the moments of the electron density (including the dipole moments) were obtained. The effect of the spin state on the dipole moment is discussed and the model agrees qualitatively with results from more advanced ab initio calculations. I also applied the model to study the metastable helium dimer dication (

He

2

++

) and the predicted bond length (0.7359 Å) is in good agreement with the experimental value (0.75 ± 0.02 Å). The advantages and limitations of this simple quantum model are discussed.
Group 14 elements in the Cmcm phase with a direct band structure for photoelectric application
Authors: Fan Qingyang , Sun Yichao , Zhao Yingbo , Song Yanxing , Yun Sining 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work presents two novel group 14 element allotropes, oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24, and the physical properties of oC24 C24, oC24 Si24, and oC24 Ge24 are studied in detail by means of first-principles calculations. The mechanical stability, dynamic stability, and thermodynamic stability of oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 are proven by the elastic parameters, phonon spectrum, and relative enthalpy, respectively. According to the B/G value, all oC24 C24, oC24 Si24, and oC24 Ge24 are brittle materials. By analysing the directional dependence of Young’s modulus, it is clear that oC24 Si24 possesses the largest mechanical anisotropy. From the electronic properties, it can be concluded that oC24 Si24 is a semiconductor material with a direct band gap of 1.047 eV, which suggests that oC24 Si24 may be suitable to make solar cells. More importantly, the light absorption ability of oC24 Si24 is stronger than that of diamond Si in the visible light region. In addition, the κ

min
of oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 have better thermal conductivity, indicating that oC24 Si24 and oC24 Ge24 have great application potential in solar cells, optoelectronic devices and other microelectronic devices.
Constraining CMB physical processes using Planck 2018 data
Authors: Ruiz-Granda M. , Vielva P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to perform a phenomenological parametrisation of the standard cosmological
model, ΛCDM, to weigh the different physical processes that define the pattern of the
angular power spectra of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. We use six
phenomenological amplitudes to account for the Sachs-Wolfe, early and late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe,
polarization contribution, Doppler and lensing effects. To do so, we have adapted the
CLASS Boltzmann code and used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler of
Cobaya to explore the Planck 2018 likelihood to constrain different combinations of
cosmological and phenomenological parameters. Observing deviations of the mean values of the
phenomenological amplitudes from the predictions of the ΛCDM model could be useful to
resolve existing cosmological tensions. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the
physical processes of the CMB has been performed using the Planck 2018 temperature, polarization
and lensing power spectra. In a previous work, the phenomenological amplitudes were constrained
using only the TT data, however, by including the polarization and lensing data we find that the
constraints on these physical contributions are tighter. In addition, some degeneracies that
appear only when considering TT data are completely broken by taking into account all Planck 2018
data. Consequently, models with more than three phenomenological amplitudes can be studied, which
is prohibitive when only the temperature power spectrum is used. The results presented in this
paper show that the Planck experiment can constrain all phenomenological amplitudes except the
late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. No inconsistencies were found with the ΛCDM model, and
the largest improvements were obtained for the models that include the lensing parameter, AL
.
Realization of the triple point of carbon dioxide in a transportable cell using long-stem SPRTs
Authors: Liang Yu , Zhang J T , Feng X J , Qiu P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The action of the Minamata Convention requests in the near term to develop alternative fixed points to replace the mercury triple point (Hg TP) from the set of the defining points of the International Temperature Scale (ITS) of 1990. Carbon dioxide (CO2) TP is a candidate that exhibits the advantages of high chemical and physical stability and low health risk, and the disadvantage of relatively high pressure at room temperature. We report our study on the realization of the CO2 TP using long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs). We present a novel design for a CO2 TP cell with thermometer immersion depth extending from 110 –200 mm with no increase in sample gas pressure. The outer dimension of the new cell is suitable for a drop-in compatible replacement of a normal cell for the Hg TP. We realized 14 plateaus of the CO2 TP using two long-stem SPRTs over a span of 12 months. The mean temperature at the CO2 TP is 216.591 30 (36) K at the melt fraction F = 0.5 and 216.591 36 (37) K at F = 1.0. Within the given uncertainties, the uncertainty arising from the transformation to ITS-90 contributes a major part of 0.29 –0.30 mK. The uncertainty formed by the pressure-head effect and the axial heat leak through the thermometer well of the new cell, the impurities of the sample gas and the inaccuracy of the electronic instruments contribute a smaller part of 0.21 –0.22 mK. The plateaus consistently exhibit small slopes of heights of less than 0.21 mK and time spans from 147 –347 h between F = 0.3 and F = 0.75. The small slopes of the plateaus demonstrate the repeatability of 0.056 and 0.059 mK, respectively, for the melt fraction F = 0.5 and 1.0, and the long-term stability of 0.031 mK.
Safe liquid scintillators for large scale detectors
Authors: Bonhomme A. , Buck C. , Gramlich B. , Raab M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many experiments in particle physics, in particular in the field of neutrino searches, rely on organic liquid scintillators as target and detection material. The size of these detectors was continously growing in the last decades, up to the kiloton scale. In several cases these detectors are located at sites with enhanced safety requirements such as underground laboratories or in the vicinity of nuclear reactors. Therefore, there is strong demand in liquids which are safe with respect to aspects such as fire protection, human health or environmental pollution. The flash point, the vapor pressure or the toxicity need to be significantly improved as compared to classical solvents such as xylene or pseudocumene. We present and compare the performance and optical properties of scintillators based on high flash point solvents. In particular, polysiloxane based scintillators are characterized by outstanding properties in terms of safety.