bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond educational workshops: How child‐focused NGOs can draw African rural parents out for sustainable intervention in childhoods
Authors: Yeboah Sampson Addo , Abbey Eunice , Boampong Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEducational workshops are channels for raising awareness and implementing childhood interventions in African communities. However, community (in)action during and after workshops can be a dichotomy that is less researched. Using a joint dialogic and ethnographic approach, we analysed and observed the responses and actions of NGO workers and rural folks on the occasion of a childhood intervention project. Findings reveal that community action in childhood during face‐to‐face interaction can be contradictory aftermath. We use the analytical framework of dramaturgy to inform and discuss how NGOs can get to know rural folks' deep‐seated perspectives on childhoods.
Southern Discomfort: Interrogating the Category of the Global South
Authors: Sud Nikita , Sánchez‐Ancochea Diego 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTResearchers in development studies have expressed discomfort at the hierarchy inherent in the use of ‘North’ and ‘South’, and cognate concepts like ‘First’ and ‘Third World’, or ‘emerging economies’. Instead of setting aside the terminology, this article delves into the layered meaning‐making around the notion of the South. Drawing on multi‐ and inter‐disciplinary perspectives, it maps out the South as (1) territory constructed through history, geography and time, and characterized by (2) relations of domination and othering, which are starkly visible in racial divisions wrought on the world through slavery, colonialism and recent struggles around migration. The article then explores Southern ‘talk back’ through analysis initiated in Southern institutions which highlights (3) structures that continue to divide the world through a political economy of underdevelopment. Finally, it turns to (4) politics which challenges these structures of domination through direct action and solidarities. The conclusion revisits the ‘stickiness’ of ‘the South’. It is argued that the South as a territorial, relational, structural and political construct is fundamentally about the distribution of power in the global system. While some uses of the concept enhance power asymmetries, others contribute to reducing them. This article concludes that a critical understanding of the contradictory meanings and uses of the concept within development studies is more important than discursive attempts to replace it.
Does problem‐based learning facilitate enactment of learner agency in undergraduate dental curricula? A Q study
Authors: Ali Kamran , Du Xiangyun , Lundberg Adrian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAddressing a literature gap on leaner agency in health profession education, this study explores students' perceptions on which aspects of a problem‐based learning (PBL) environment cradle their leaner agency enactment.MethodsThirty‐eight students from a newly established undergraduate dental medicine programme in Qatar participated in the study. Q methodology was adopted to collect and analyse data both qualitatively and quantitatively. A 40‐statement Q‐set was established based on a proposed conceptual framework of learner agency in PBL, including three dimensions—intrapersonal, behavioural and environmental.ResultsQ methodological factor analysis identified four significantly different student viewpoints, which underscored participants' enactment of learner agency addressing the intrapersonal, behavioural and environmental dimensions of the conceptual framework. Despite differences in opinion regarding sources of learner agency, the four student viewpoints unanimously underscore the importance of PBL facilitators' expertise to nurture and develop agency amongst undergraduate students. Post‐sorting qualitative data further confirmed the quantitative analysis. Time constraints and workload were identified as the main challenges by the participants.ConclusionsThis study explored enactment of learner agency as perceived by undergraduate dental students in a PBL curriculum. The findings of this study provide new insights into participants' subjective understanding of learner agency in a PBL curriculum in dentistry. Structured support is needed for students having no prior PBL experiences to develop their learner agency at both intrapersonal and behavioural (self‐regulated learning) dimensions, and to ensure they interact with their learning environment proactively.
Development of a core outcome set for quality of life for adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A multistakeholder Delphi consensus study
Authors: Chiang Sharon , Moss Robert , Stern John M. , Hughes Inna , Josephson S. Andrew , Pearce Jennifer R. , Kopald Brandon E. , Patel Anup D. , Rao Vikram R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn 2017, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) convened the AAN Quality Measurement Set working group to define the improvement and maintenance of quality of life (QOL) as a key outcome measure in epilepsy clinical practice. A core outcome set (COS), defined as an accepted, standardized set of outcomes that should be minimally measured and reported in an area of health care research and practice, has not previously been defined for QOL in adult epilepsy.MethodsA cross‐sectional Delphi consensus study was employed to attain consensus from patients and caregivers on the QOL outcomes that should be minimally measured and reported in epilepsy clinical practice. Candidate items were compiled from QOL scales recommended by the AAN 2017 Quality Measurement Set. Inclusion criteria to participate in the Delphi study were adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy diagnosed by a physician, no prior diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures or a cognitive and/or developmental disability, or caregivers of patients meeting these criteria.ResultsA total of 109 people satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria and took part in Delphi Round 1 (patients, n = 95, 87.2%; caregivers, n = 14, 12.8%), and 55 people from Round 1 completed Round 2 (patients, n = 43, 78.2%; caregivers, n = 12, 21.8%). One hundred three people took part in the final consensus round. Consensus was attained by patients/caregivers on a set of 36 outcomes that should minimally be included in the QOL COS. Of these, 32 of the 36 outcomes (88.8%) pertained to areas outside of seizure frequency and severity.SignificanceUsing patient‐centered Delphi methodology, this study defines the first COS for QOL measurement in clinical practice for adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy. This set highlights the diversity of factors beyond seizure frequency and severity that impact QOL in epilepsy.
Divergent response and adaptation of specific leaf area to environmental change at different spatio‐temporal scales jointly improve plant survival
Authors: Liu Zhaogang , Zhao Ming , Zhang Hongxiang , Ren Tingting , Liu Congcong , He Nianpeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecific leaf area (SLA) is one of the most important plant functional traits. It integrates multiple functions and reflects strategies of plants to obtain resources. How plants employ different strategies (e.g., through SLA) to respond to dynamic environmental conditions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the spatial variation in SLA and its divergent adaptation through the lens of biogeographic patterns, evolutionary history, and short‐term responses. SLA data for 5424 plant species from 76 natural communities in China were systematically measured and integrated with meta‐analysis of field experiments (i.e., global warming, drought, and nitrogen addition). The mean value of SLA across all species was 21.8 m2 kg−1, ranging from 0.9 to 110.2 m2 kg−1. SLA differed among different ecosystems, temperature zones, vegetation types, and functional groups. Phylogeny had a weak effect on SLA, but plant species evolved toward higher SLA. Furthermore, SLA responded nonlinearly to environmental change. Unexpectedly, radiation was one of the main factors determining the spatial variation in SLA on a large scale. Conversely, short‐term manipulative experiments showed that SLA increased with increased resource availability and tended to stabilize with treatment duration. However, different species exhibited varying response patterns. Overall, variation in long‐term adaptation of SLA to environmental gradients and its short‐term response to resource pulses jointly improve plant adaptability to a changing environment. Overall SLA‐environment relationships should be emphasized as a multidimensional strategy for elucidating environmental change in future research.
Examining the diversity, stability and functioning of marine fish communities across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Yan Helen F. , Casey Jordan M. , Knowlton Nancy , Duffy J. Emmett , Brandl Simon J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimAs anthropogenic stressors on the biosphere intensify, understanding how communities respond to disturbances is critical. Biodiversity is often thought to promote the stability of communities over time and enhance ecosystem functioning. However, results have been inconsistent, and the multifaceted linkages among diversity, stability and functioning under acute disturbances remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested the responses of marine fish communities to disturbance (i.e., acute habitat loss) across a diversity gradient spanning 35 degrees of latitude in the western Atlantic Ocean to assess the diversity–stability relationship and the interplay between diversity, stability, and fish biomass recovery (as a proxy for function) in marine fish communities.LocationWestern Atlantic Ocean [Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida (USA), Belize and Panama].Time period2016–2017.Major taxa studiedSmall, bottom‐dwelling (‘cryptobenthic’) fishes.MethodsWe experimentally tested the response of marine fish communities to disturbance across a diversity gradient on human‐made dock pilings. We holistically sampled cryptobenthic fish communities, then we imposed a severe disturbance by removing all benthic epifauna. We then compared the community stability, defined as the constancy in community composition, on disturbed and undisturbed pilings after one year.ResultsDiversity showed a negative effect on community stability at both the regional (across docks) and local (within docks) scales. Similarly, local diversity was negatively correlated with ecosystem function. These effects are exacerbated by the habitat loss imposed via our experimental treatment.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that habitat loss may re‐shuffle diverse, tropical communities more intensively than species‐poor, temperate communities, which impacts biomass recovery, our proxy of functioning. Contrary to ecological theory, in small‐bodied, benthos‐associated vertebrate communities, biodiversity may neither promote stability nor functioning, suggesting that human disturbances may be particularly impactful in tropical, high‐diversity ecosystems.
THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE CHAIR
Authors: Riboni Alessandro , Ruge‐Murcia Francisco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the influence exerted by the Federal Reserve chair on monetary policy decisions. We construct a voting model where the chair selects the proposal that is initially put to a vote but is subject to an acceptance constraint that incorporates the preferences of the median Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) member and the probability of counterproposals. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood using real‐time data from FOMC meetings. Results for all chairs in our sample show that the chair's proposal is the result of a compromise, reflecting a stable balance of power within the FOMC.
The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, neurohumoral axis and cardiovascular mortality in LURIC
Authors: Yazdani Babak , Delgado Graciela E. , Kleber Marcus E. , Yücel Gökhan , Husain‐Syed Faeq , Kraemer Thomas D. , Jochims Jan , Leipe Jan , März Winfried , Krämer Bernhard K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough neurohormones and Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone‐System (RAAS) components are important predictors of cardiovascular mortality (CVM), their importance for predicting outcomes in patients with/without RAAS‐blockers and different degrees of arterial stiffness is less understood. We therefore analyzed long‐term data from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study in 3316 patients subdivided according to pulse pressure (PP) and RAAS‐blocker use. Patients on RAAS‐inhibition had higher renin and noradrenaline, lower aldosterone and aldosterone/renin quotient (ARQ). Renin and noradrenaline significantly predicted CVM in patients without RAAS‐blocker (HR = 1.17, 1.15) and in patients receiving angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (HR = 1.17, 1.29), whereas aldosterone predicted CVM only in patients receiving ACE‐inhibitors (HR = 1.13). CVM was predicted independently from PP by renin, noradrenaline and angiotensin II. Independently from RAAS inhibition renin decreased and ARQs increased with rising PP. Furthermore, noradrenaline increased with PP, but only without ACE‐inhibition. The HR for CVM in the ACE‐inhibitor group were 1.29, 1.28, 1.29 for renin in the first, second and third PP quartiles and 1.22, and 1.19 for aldosterone in the second and fourth quartile. Furthermore, we showed that noradrenaline predicts CVM in all PP quartiles in patients with ACE‐inhibition. In the RAAS‐blocker‐free group, the HR for renin for CVM were 1.36 and 1.18 in the third and fourth PP quartiles, but neither aldosterone nor noradrenaline were predictive for CVM within the PP quartiles. Renin and noradrenaline are strong predictors of CVM regardless of RAAS blockade, whereas aldosterone is predictive only in the ACE‐inhibitor group. Catecholamines but not renin are associated with rising PP.
Do preventative care guidelines emphasize behaviour change? A content analysis of three commonly used Australian general practice guidelines
Authors: Prathivadi Pallavi , Advocat Jenny , Ball Lauren , Clark Alex , Williams Lauren T. , Sturgiss Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationalePreventive health is a core part of primary care clinical practice and it is critical for both disease prevention and reducing the consequences of chronic disease. In primary care, the 5As framework is often used to guide behaviour change consultations for smoking, nutrition, alcohol use and physical activity.Aims and ObjectivesOur objective was to analyze the emphasis placed on each 5As term in commonly used guidelines in Australian general practice and compare this to behaviour change terms/concepts essential to effective consultations.MethodA content analysis was undertaken to explore frequency of 5A terms and key behaviour change concepts/terms chapter‐by‐chapter across the three most commonly used guidelines in Australian general practice.ResultsThe prevalence of each 5As term differed in all three guidelines, with ‘Arrange’ being mentioned the least often. Behaviour change concepts and terms, such as patient‐centredness, listening, trust and tailoring, were infrequently used and were often confined to a separate chapter of the guidelines.ConclusionThe language and content of the guidelines contrast with known effective components of behaviour change consultations. Future revisions could reconsider emphasis of 5As terms to avoid paternalistic approaches, improve shared language across guidelines and incorporate behavioural science principles to enhance preventative care delivery.
Nutritional enhancement of fruit bars with omega rich food source fortification
Authors: Rana Alisha , Kaushal Manisha , Vaidya Devina , Gupta Anil , Verma Anil , Gautam Anjali , Sharma Ruchi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsumer awareness of the health benefits of omega‐3 fatty acids is driving the increasing consumption of food fortified with essential fatty acids. Food fortification has been identified as the workable strategy by the WHO and FAO to decrease the incidence of nutrient deficiencies at the global level and fruit/s cereal‐based bars are one of the most economical and convenient functional foods which substitute for fresh fruits and vegetables as a source of various nutritional elements. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has gained importance due to its unique nutrient profile, particularly omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber. Due to its high omega fatty acid content, the present study was proposed to develop and evaluate apple cv. Golden Delicious and apricot cv. New Castle based functional fruit bars fortified with linseed for the benefit of general masses. Linseed fortified fruit leather was prepared by blending individual fruit pulp (apple and apricot) with two different forms of linseed namely, whole and coarsely ground in varying concentration of 5, 10, 15, and 20% where the Total soluble solids (TSS) of fruit pulp was raised to 25°B by adding cane sugar powder and the mixture was well homogenized followed by addition of linseed in varying concentration. Thereafter, the mixture was dried in mechanical dehydrator at 55 ± 2°C to a moisture content of 16–20%. Our investigation on omega fatty acid rich fruit bars concluded that blending of 10.00% unroasted whole linseed and 15.00% coarsely ground linseed was highly acceptable with respect to nutritional and sensory characteristics for the development of functional fruit bars rich in omega fatty acids.Novelty impact statement

Health benefits of omega‐3‐fatty acids.

Fortification of Golden Delicious and apricot cv. New Castle based functional fruit bars fortified with linseed for the benefit of general masses.

The results shows that blending of 10.00% unroasted whole linseed and 15.00% coarsely ground linseed was highly acceptable with respect to nutritional and sensory characteristics for the development of functional fruit bars rich in omega fatty acids.
Production of cream with size differentiated milk fat globules—modified centrifugal separation approach
Authors: Halder Kumaresh , Sahu Jatindra K. , Naik Satya N. , Kumar Anil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study was aimed to produce creams (>25% fat) with size based fractioned fat globules by employing a modified centrifugal separation process, and to evaluate the fatty acid composition and thermal properties of fat fractions. Cream separation was conducted in two stages. First stage was employed for producing cream by partial skimming of whole milk and second stage was used for producing cream by the washing of cream from first stage. Results showed that, two subsequent separation stages were able to produce creams with mean fat globules size of 4.16 and 4.77 μm, respectively from whole cow milk with average fat globule size of 3.52 μm. Washed cream contained higher proportion (32.35%) of large fat globules (>5 μm), significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion (70.79%) of saturated fatty acids, and greater quantity (17.73%) of solid fat at 30°C. In contrast, fully separated cream produced by unmodified separator contained higher proportion (16.14%) of small size globules (<3 μm), significantly higher (p < 0.05) amount of short chain fatty acid (1.11%), monounsaturated fatty acid (25.06%), and greater quantity (54.55%) of fat melted at 10°C.Novelty Impact StatementProduction of cream (i.e. >25% fat) with size differentiated fat globules was done using a modified centrifugal separator and separation process without using any concentration stage. Creams with different diameter classes of fat globules possessed different fatty acid composition and thermal properties, which could impact the properties and qualities of a wide variety of products. The findings of the present study could open the valuable windows for production of creams with size based fractioned fat globules in large scale and opportunity for their application in different products.
Triglyceride, fatty acid profile, antioxidant characteristics, vitamins, lipid oxidation and induction period of ice cream produced from cow and Buffalo Milk
Authors: Khan Imran Taj , Nadeem Muhammad , Ullah Rahman , Imran Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, ice creams were produced from cow and buffalo milk using 15% sugar, 13% fat, 11% milk solids not fat, and 0.5% cremodan (TS 39.5%). Triglycerides from C26 to C36 were significantly higher in buffalo milk ice cream than cow milk ice cream. Milk type and storage both affected the fatty acid composition of ice cream samples. Concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in cow and buffalo milk ice cream samples were 24.4% and 29.9%, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk ice cream was 18% higher than cow milk ice cream. Concentrations of vitamin A and E were significantly higher in buffalo milk ice cream samples. Buffalo milk ice cream had lower peroxide value and higher oxidative stability than cow milk ice cream. Induction period of cow and buffalo milk ice cream was 8.55 h and 10.79 h with no difference in sensory properties of both types of ice creams.Practical applicationsBuffalo milk is widely used for the production of several value‐added dairy products and is the major source of milk in some Asian countries. However, due to limited research work, buffalo milk processing industry could not develop, and buffalo milk based dairy products are not available in markets of these countries. This research work can be helpful for the dairy industries to produce ice cream from buffalo milk at commercial level.
GmFtsH25 overexpression increases soybean seed yield by enhancing photosynthesis and photosynthates
Authors: Wang Li , Yang Yuming , Yang Zhongyi , Li Wenlong , Hu Dezhou , Yu Huilian , Li Xiao , Cheng Hao , Kan Guizhen , Che Zhijun , Zhang Dan , Zhang Hengyou , Wang Hui , Huang Fang , Yu Deyue 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIncreasing plant photosynthetic capacity is a promising approach to boost yields, but it is particularly challenging in C3 crops, such as soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Here, we identified GmFtsH25, encoding a member of the filamentation temperature‐sensitive protein H protease family, as a major gene involved in soybean photosynthesis, using linkage mapping and a genome‐wide association study. Overexpressing GmFtsH25 resulted in more grana thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic efficiency and starch content, while knocking out GmFtsH25 produced the opposite phenotypes. GmFtsH25 interacted with photosystem I light harvesting complex 2 (GmLHCa2), and this interaction may contribute to the observed enhanced photosynthesis. GmFtsH25 overexpression lines had superior yield traits, such as yield per plant, compared to the wild type and knockout lines. Additionally, we identified an elite haplotype of GmFtsH25, generated by natural mutations, which appears to have been selected during soybean domestication. Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which GmFtsH25 modulates photosynthesis and provides a promising strategy for improving the yields of soybean and other crops.