bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P18.09.A Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery for large parasellar meningiomas
Authors: Emad Eldin R M , Abdel Karim K M , Reda W A , Tawadros S R , Nabil A M , El Shehaby A M N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of single-session stereotactic radiosurgery for large (10 cc or more) perioptic intracranial benign meningiomas.

Material and Methods
In this retrospective study we included 175 patients with large perioptic benign meningiomas (≥ 10 cc) who were treated by single-session SRS. Perioptic meningiomas were defined as meningiomas touching, compressing or within 3 mm of the optic pathway. The median tumor volume was 15 (10-57.3 cc (IQR 8.4 cc)). The median prescription dose was 12 Gy (9-14 Gy (IQR 1 Gy)).

Results
The median follow up period was 72 months (13-217 months (IQR 65 months)). The tumor control rate was 92%. The PFS at 5- and 10- years was 97% and 80%. Favorable (better/stable) visual outcome was reported in 169 patients (97%) and unfavorable (worse) outcome in 6 patients (3%). Temporary adverse radiation effects were observed in 21 patients (12%) but only 7 (4%) were symptomatic. Sixty-three patients had a blind/non-useful eye according the pre-treatment visual field examination. Visual improvement was observed in blind/non-useful eye in 17 patients (27%) while vision remained unchanged in 46 patients (73%). Ocular nerve palsy improved in 36 patients (61%). Tumor shrinkage was not a prerequisite for cranial nerve improvement.

Conclusion
Stereotactic radiosurgery provides an effective and safe treatment option for large perioptic meningiomas.
Risk factors for decompensation and death following umbilical hernia repair in patients with end-stage liver disease
Authors: Malik Abdullah K. , Varghese Chris , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Sen Gourab , Robinson Stuart , McPherson Stuart , Dyson Jessica , Manas Derek M. , Masson Steven , Hammond John S. ,   on behalf of the Newcastle Liver Unit
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Symptomatic umbilical hernias are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). This study set out to characterise the factors predicting outcome following repair of symptomatic umbilical hernias in ESLD at a single institution.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of all patients with ESLD who underwent repair of a symptomatic umbilical hernia between 1998 and 2020. Overall survival was predicted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of decompensation and 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality.

Results
One-hundred-and-eight patients with ESLD underwent umbilical hernia repair (emergency n = 78, 72.2%). Transjugular shunting was performed in 29 patients (26.9%). Decompensation occurred in 44 patients (40.7%) and was predicted by emergency surgery (OR, 13.29; P = 0.001). Length of stay was shorter in elective patients compared to emergency patients (3-days vs. 7-days; P = 0.003). Thirty-day, 90-day and 1-year survival was 95.2, 93.2 and 85.4%, respectively. Model for ESLD score >15 predicted 90-day mortality (OR, 18.48; P = 0.030) and hyponatraemia predicted 1-year mortality (OR, 5.31; P = 0.047). Transjugular shunting predicted survival at 1 year (OR, 0.15; P = 0.038).

Conclusions
Repair of symptomatic umbilical hernias in patients with ESLD can be undertaken with acceptable outcomes in a specialist centre, however, this remains a high-risk intervention. Patients undergoing emergency repair are more likely to decompensate postoperatively, develop wound-related problems and have a longer length of stay. Transjugular shunting may confer a benefit to survival, but further prospective trials are warranted.
The association between temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate in children aged under 16 years attending urgent and emergency care settings
Authors: Heal Calvin , Harvey Anna , Brown Stephen , Rowland Andrew Graeme , Roland Damian 
Published: September 2022

Background and importance
Body temperature is considered an independent determinant of respiratory rate and heart rate; however, there is limited scientific evidence regarding the association. This study aimed to assess the association between temperature, and heart rate and respiratory rate in children.

Objective
The objective of this study was to validate earlier findings that body temperature causes an increase of approximately 10 bpm rise in heart rate per 1 °C rise in temperature, in children aged under 16 years old.

Design
A prospective study using anonymised prospectively collected patient data of 188 635 attendances, retrospectively extracted from electronic patient records.

Settings and participants
Four Emergency or Urgent Care Departments in the North West of England. Participants were children and young people aged 0–16 years old who attended one of the four sites over a period of 3 years.

Outcome measures and analysis
Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for prespecified confounders (including oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, site of attendance, age), were used to examine the influence of various variables on heart rate and respiratory rate.

Main results
Among the 235 909 patient visits (median age 5) included, the mean temperature was 37.0 (SD, 0.8). Mean heart rate and respiratory rate were 115.6 (SD, 29.0) and 26.9 (SD, 8.3), respectively. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, heart rate will on average be 12.3 bpm higher (95% CI, 12.2–12.4), after accounting for oxygen saturation, location of attendance, and age. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, there is on average a 0.3% decrease (95% CI, 0.2–0.4%) in respiratory rate.

Conclusion
In this study on children attending urgent and emergency care settings, there was an independent association between temperature and heart rate but not between temperature and respiratory rate.
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide prevents chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment via regulating CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in hippocampus
Authors: Shen Jun , Yang Lu , Wei Wenshi 
Published: September 2022

Background
Stress is not scarce in peoples’ daily life that may result in mental diseases and cognitive impairments. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is a well-validated animal model used to investigate the mechanism of stress-associated depression and cognitive impairments. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic, promoting neurogenesis and neuroplasticity that exerts neuroprotective effects. However, the effects of NBP on CRS-induced depression and cognitive impairments remain unclear.

Methods
C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into the control group, stress group and stress+NBP group. Mice were exposed to CRS for three consecutive weeks and mice in the NBP treatment group were administered with NBP before the CRS procedure. After that, depression and cognition behaviors were evaluated followed by phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins expression, immunohistochemistry of hippocampal postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin, and hippocampal morphology.

Results
Our results showed that mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and cognitive deficits after 3 weeks exposure to CRS. Additionally, CRS downregulated CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, reduced PSD95 and synaptophysin expression and induced hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus ment significantly reversed the hippocampal pathological and molecular changes induced by CRS.

Conclusion
In conclusion, these results reveal that NBP exerts a neuroprotective effect on depression and cognitive deficit through activating CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway, enhancing PSD95 and synaptophysin expression and protecting hippocampal morphology.
A matter of availability: Neural representations of task-relevant stimulus features are sharper when stimuli are memorized rather than perceived
Authors: Chota Samson , Gayet Surya , Kenemans J. Leon , Olivers Chris N.L. , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur visual environment is relatively stable over time and an optimized visual system ought to capitalize on this by not devoting any representational resources to objects that are still present. Subjective experience, however, suggests that externally available (i.e., perceived) information is more strongly represented in neural signals than memorized information. To distinguish between these possibilities, we use EEG multivariate pattern analysis to quantify the strength of representation of task-relevant features (color or spatial frequency) in anticipation of a change-detection task. Perceptual availability was manipulated between experimental blocks by either keeping the stimulus on the screen during a two second delay period (perception) or removing it shortly after its initial presentation for the same time period (memory). We find that task-relevant (i.e., attended) memorized features are more strongly represented than irrelevant features. More importantly, we find significantly weaker representations for available (perceived and attended) features than for unavailable (memorized and attended) features. Contrary to what subjective experience suggests, our findings demonstrate that vividly perceived and attended stimuli elicit weaker neural representations (in terms of detectable multivariate information) than stimuli maintained in visual working memory. We hypothesize that an efficient visual system spends little of its limited resources on the internal representation of information that is externally available anyway.
Compartmentation of Putrescine Synthesis in Plants
Authors: Joshi Kumud , Ahmed Sheaza , Ge Lingxiao , Phuntumart Vipaporn , Kalinoski Andrea , Morris Paul F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree plant pathways for the synthesis of putrescine have been described to date. These are the synthesis of putrescine from ornithine, by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC); and the synthesis of putrescine from arginine by arginine decarboxylase, agmatine iminohydrolase (AIH) and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (NLP1); or arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase. Several enzymes associated with putrescine synthesis have yet to be localized. Here we showed that ODC in soybeans and rice was localized to the ER. In rice, agmatinase is localized to the mitochondria. In A. thaliana there are five isoforms of AIH and three isoforms of NLP1. Stable GFP-tagged transformants of the longest isoforms of AIH and NLP1 showed that both proteins were localized to the ER in leaves and roots of A. thaliana. Four of the isoforms of AIH and all of the isoforms of NLP1 were localized to the ER. However, AIH1.4 was localized to both the ER and the chloroplast. Combining these results with other published data, reveal that putrescine synthesis is excluded from the cytoplasm and is spatially localized to the chloroplast, ER and likely the mitochondria. Synthesis of putrescine in the ER may facilitate cell to cell transport via plasmodesmata, or secretion via vesicles. Differential expression of these pathways may enable putrescine-mediated activation of hormone-responsive genes.
Sustainability practices in manufacturing companies: analysis of an emerging economy
Authors: Rampasso Izabela Simon , Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Pavan Serafim Milena , Simão Victor Gomes , Costa Luiz Felipe M. , Anholon Rosley 
Published: September 2022

PurposeConsidering the high impacts caused by manufacturers on sustainability, this research aims to analyse how Brazilian manufacturing companies deal with sustainability issues. To do this, sustainability parameters are analysed to verify possible improvement opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and grey relational analysis (GRA) to analyse data from a survey with Brazilian professionals regarding aspects of sustainability in Brazilian manufacturers. The average score levels and the ranking of these aspects are evaluated.FindingsThrough the analysis performed, it was possible to verify that manufacturers in Brazil still have a long path to travel in the search for sustainability. Comparatively, it was observed that practices related to local communities received the lowest scores, on average. In contrast, on average, practices related to productivity and efficiency, occupational accidents and diseases, and compliance with environmental legislation received the highest scores.Practical implicationsThe results presented in this paper show that there are several improvement opportunities to be sought by Brazilian manufacturing companies regarding sustainability aspects. Particular attention should be given to local community practices. Besides companies, policymakers can also use this analysis to guide their future actions, encouraging manufacturing companies to better support the local community. Researchers can use the instrument of analysis (TOPSIS and GRA) to analyse other realities and compare them with the findings presented.Originality/valueThe analysis of Brazilian manufacturing companies’ reality regarding sustainability practices and considering a model based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance (IBGC) is novel in the literature. The use of TOPSIS and GRA, as well as comparing their findings, generated interesting insights for companies, policymakers and researchers. The analysis presented shows the need for more significant concern for local communities and can be used to support further debates and action plans to minimise this gap.
Leader secure-base support and organizational learning culture: synergetic effects on employee state promotion focus and approach job crafting
Authors: Tu Yan , Jiang Lixin , Long Lirong , Wang Linlin 
Published: September 2022

PurposeLeader secure-base support, consisting of leader availability, noninterference and encouragement of growth, has important implications for stimulating employee proactivity. This study is aimed at examining whether, why and when leader secure-base support may motivate employees to engage in approach job crafting behavior. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory, we propose leader secure-base support is positively associated with employee approach job crafting via employee state promotion focus. Based on cue consistency theory, we further examine the moderating role of organizational learning culture in the associations of leader secure-base support with employee state promotion focus and subsequent approach job crafting.Design/methodology/approachTwo-wave data were collected from 281 Chinese workers. Path analyses with Mplus 7 were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsAs predicted, we found that leader secure-base support was positively related to employee state promotion focus and, in turn, facilitated employee approach job crafting. Moreover, organizational learning culture accentuated the impact of leader secure-base support on employee job crafting process.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the influence of leader secure-base support on employee job crafting. It also identifies a boundary condition for such an influence.
Differences in the organizational-commitment–rewards relationship between Chinese managers and Japanese expatriates in manufacturing companies in China
Authors: Kokubun Keisuke , Yasui Misako 
Published: September 2022

PurposeAs China attracts more and more foreign enterprises today, it is getting more important to consider how to enhance the organizational commitment (OC) of host country employees. This paper aims to examine the differences in the relationship between OC and rewards among Chinese managers and Japanese expatriates who work for Japanese manufacturing companies in China.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze survey data gathered from 539 Chinese managers and 354 Japanese expatriates working for a total of 19 Japanese manufacturing companies in China.FindingsThe findings reveal that, for Chinese managers, role clarity had a stronger influence and autonomy had a weaker influence on OC than for Japanese expatriates. A possible reason is the ethnocentric culture of Japanese companies that leads to Japanese expatriates not sufficiently empowering local human resources. Moreover, there was no difference between senior- and junior-level Chinese managers in the association of any kind of reward with OC.Research limitations/implicationsThe most significant limitation concerns its generalizability. The authors recommend that future research use other nations' expatriates as reference groups to objectively clarify the characteristics of Chinese workers, thus testing the validity of this research.Practical implicationsThe results of this research may be used to reshape future human-resource-management practices in several types of the company located in China to facilitate attracting and employing the employees most able to make long-term contributions to the company.Originality/valueAlthough previous research has elucidated OC–rewards relation in particular countries, it has not met the potential requirements of the expatriates who face the difference in OC–rewards relation with host country national managers. In this sense, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research was the first attempt to tackle this theme by contributing to the literature.
The association of physical development density, prevalence and types of microbes in colonized façade finishes in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Isiofia Lawrence A. , Nna Emmanuel , Uzuegbunam Francis O. , Ibem Eziyi O. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis research examines the association of physical development density, prevalence and types of microbes in colonized façade finishes of buildings in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachSurvey and experimental research designs were adopted. A total of 383 buildings were investigated with samples collected from those with colonized façade finishes. The microbes were identified using the standard procedure for genomic sequencing with descriptive statistics, and the chi-square test used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results revealed a 64% prevalence of microbial colonization and a significant association between this and physical development density with 71.0% of the colonized buildings located in high-density neighbourhoods of the metropolis. The sequencing also showed 24 different microbes with Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichoderma harzianum species being the most common in the colonized façade finishes.Practical implicationsThe research informs building professionals and owners of the specific microbes involved in the colonization of façade finishes of buildings in high-density urban areas. It also provides a clue about the nature of damages and defects associated with microbial colonization of building façades and the type of biocide additives required for the production of microbial-resistant façade finishes in the hot-humid tropical environment of Nigeria and beyond.Originality/valueThe study has shown that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of urban land use and microbial colonization of façade finishes of buildings. It also identified some new or less known microbes responsible for the biodeterioration of façade finishes and the effects this has on the buildings and public health in the hot-humid tropics of Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.
How are economic policy uncertainty shocks transmitted to capital structure? Chinese evidence
Authors: Li Xiao-Ming , Qiu Mei 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of transmitting economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks to capital structure.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a novel approach that bridges the asset pricing implications of EPU and the debt-financing decisions of Chinese firms by introducing a variable “policy-risk-induced equity return” (PRER). PRER is the product of the EPU beta and the EPU shock. Differentiating firms as per the signs of the EPU beta helps to shed light on the deep questions of whether their respective leverage targets and speeds of adjustment are different and how the targets and speeds are determined.FindingsThe empirical evidence shows that it is the equity market that channels EPU shocks to capital structure through PRER in China. Firms with positive (negative) EPU betas have PRER impact negatively (positively) the leverage target, conforming to the market-timing theory. EPU and non-policy uncertainty shocks cause the speed of adjustment to change over time. Overall, the intertemporal relation between EPU and leverage is negative. These results are robust to alternative leverage measures and after controlling for non-policy uncertainty shocks and conventional firm characteristics and have implications for academic research, policymaking, market stability, and corporate financing.Originality/valueThis study is the first to probe for, and provide insights into, the underlying reason why EPU impacts capital structure by connecting asset pricing to corporate financing for a large sample of Chinese publicly traded firms.
Occupational segregation, microaggression, social exclusion, and turnover intentions: mediating and moderating impact of social invisibility and felt obligation
Authors: Batool Sadia , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study investigates occupational segregation, microaggression, and social exclusion as antecedents of social invisibility to predict employee intentions to leave. Furthermore, the authors question whether felt obligation moderates the relationship between social invisibility and intentions to leave. Finally, researchers explore various forms of occupational segregation, miscoaggression, and social exclusion from employee's perspective.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies are conducted. Study 1 is quantitative where the data were collected from 273 nurses employed in various hospitals in Pakistan. Study 2 is qualitative where twelve confirmatory interviews were conducted to enrich our contextual understanding of the proposed relationships. The quantitative data are analyzed using partial least square methods via SmartPLS. The qualitative data analysis is based on a content analysis of interviews.FindingsSurprisingly, occupational segregation does not predict social invisibility. Moreover, the relationship between occupational segregation and intentions to leave is not mediated via social invisibility. The issues such as social hierarchy and high power distance are reflected via the findings of the qualitative study.Practical implicationsThe results provide insightful strategies to counter feelings of social invisibility among individuals performing those jobs which are considered stigmatized occupations.Originality/valueThis study uniquely presents three antecedents of social invisibility, its mediating role, and the moderation of felt obligation between social invisibility and intentions to leave.