bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing et communication politique
Authors: Dosquet Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

Ce chapitre se propose de présenter les théories permettant de mieux comprendre le choix électoral ainsi que les facteurs d’influence de celui-ci, parmi lesquels la communication. De nombreux travaux issus de multiples disciplines sont ici regroupés en deux parties. Ceux qui se basent sur la sociologie dans un premier temps, puis dans un second, ceux qui privilégient – comme semble l’indiquer la tendance actuelle du marketing politique – la psychologie. Ces travaux, qu’ils se rejoignent ou s’opposent, sont complémentaires et permettent au lecteur de mieux appréhender la complexité de cet acte, qui, si rapide soit-il dans l’isoloir, n’en n’est pas moins le fruit d’un processus aux contours encore incertains. Cette incertitude est paradoxalement une opportunité pour les chercheurs qui, loin d’avoir écumé la matière, ont devant eux des perspectives de travail notamment avec l’apport actuel des neurosciences (Droulers et Roullet, 2008). Du côté des praticiens, cette incertitude pèse. Au vu des investissements considérables dédiés à la communication politique, il serait opportun de mieux rentabiliser les efforts fournis. Enfin, du côté des démocrates, ne pas savoir exactement comment fonctionne l’électeur est sans doute la garantie de la pérennité de la liberté et l’éloignement d’une manipulation « scientifique ». À la croisée des pouvoirs et de l’action, les sciences politiques et de gestion permettent donc dans l’union de leur champ respectif, d’améliorer la connaissance.
Penser le temps dans la philosophie japonaise
Authors: Bouso Raquel , Dubost Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2022

Dans la philosophie japonaise, le temps, traditionnellement, n’a jamais été pensé comme séparé de l’espace. Plutôt que de concevoir l’espace-temps de manière abstraite, elle a toujours eu tendance à penser l’expérience d’une temporalité indissociable de la spatialité, une « temporalité spatiale ». À partir de deux créations conceptuelles japonaises, l’une médiévale et l’autre contemporaine, l’une ontologico-existentielle et l’autre esthétique, uji et kire respectivement, nous explorerons deux façons d’exprimer la nature vivante du temps à partir du flux du devenir, celles de Dōgen Kigen et Ōhashi Ryōsuke. Elles ne traitent pas le temps comme une succession d’instants ou comme le récipient neutre du flux des événements, mais comme le cours de la vie appréhendé à partir d’une situation et d’un moment spécifiques.
Intervenants sociaux pour intervenants sociaux : la nécessité d’un espace de soutien transnational à l’intersection de crises multiples
Authors: Elias Berna , Richard Myriam , Caron Roxane , Bogossian Aline , Khoury Emmanuelle , Greisler Élisabeth , Fadel Yara , Jomaa Maryse 
Published: July 2022

La pandémie mondiale de COVID-19 a eu des impacts profonds et a aggravé les fragilités et inégalités existantes dans plusieurs endroits dans le monde (Dubost et al. , 2020 ; Côté et al. , 2020 ; Bozon, 2020). Ce contexte d’urgence sanitaire n’a pas pour autant fait cesser l’avènement de multiples catastrophes humaines et naturelles dont les effets se sont multipliés pour les populations touchées de même que pour les intervenants sociaux qui les soutiennent. L’ensemble de ces personnes ont déployé leur agentivité et puisé dans leurs ressources personnelles et communautaires. Elles se sont néanmoins retrouvées à faire face à des situations de vulnérabilité et de trauma qui ont eu pour effet de renforcer les inégalités existantes. C’est dans ce cadre que des initiatives transnationales prennent un sens certain quand elles visent à soutenir l’intervention, les intervenants de même que la réflexion sur et dans l’action. Cet article propose d’effectuer un retour critique et réflexif sur une initiative mise sur pied à la suite de deux événements spécifiques dont les effets se sont combinés à la pandémie de COVID-19 : l’explosion dans le port de Beyrouth le 4 août 2020 et la guerre du Haut-Karabakh qui a débuté le 27 septembre 2020. L’objectif de notre initiative était de co-créer un espace de dialogue et de collaboration transnationale réunissant intervenants, professeurs et étudiants en travail social au Liban, en Arménie et au Canada, et cela, afin de promouvoir l’entraide et le soutien psychosocial. L’article se divisera en deux parties où nous décrirons d’abord la genèse et l’évolution de cette initiative qui est passée, avec l’évolution du temps, d’un espace de soutien à un espace de solidarité puis à un espace de réflexion et d’apprentissage. Puis, nous élaborerons sur les défis de réunir des acteurs vivant certes les effets de crises similaires, mais de manières très différentes. En conclusion, nous discutons du processus de recherche d’équilibre entre nos émotions, nos actions et nos positionnements sociaux. Ce processus, qui a fait partie de la genèse et de notre retour réflexif, a été guidé par nos valeurs et certains fondements de l’approche féministe transnationale.
Restructurer une activité hospitalière en adoptant une technologie numérique : enjeux d’attractivité et de refonte des métiers
Authors: Cavalcante Rafael , Kletz Frédéric , Sardas Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2022

L’hôpital public en France souffre depuis plusieurs années d’un problème d’attractivité, situation aggravée par la pandémie de COVID. Face à un contexte réglementaire strict, au-delà des négociations sur les effectifs, les médecins et cadres du secteur public hospitalier peuvent s’efforcer d’innover, en repensant eux-mêmes leurs organisations (Nobre, 2013b), afin de les rendre plus attractives aux soignants. Cet article propose d’étudier la question de l’attractivité à travers l’investigation du lien entre structure, technologie et métier . Comment articuler les choix organisationnels (structure et processus opérationnels) et l’implantation d’une nouvelle technologie afin d’atteindre un objectif d’attractivité des métiers ? Nous essayons de répondre à ces questions grâce à un étude de cas unique (Yin, 2018), dont les sources empiriques viennent d’un travail de recherche-intervention (Moisdon, 2015) mené au sein d’un pôle réunissant les quatre services d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques (ACP) d’un groupe hospitalier universitaire. Ces services se sont engagés dans l’acquisition d’une nouvelle technologie – la numérisation de lames par scanner – impliquant de nouvelles perspectives de restructuration de l’environnement de travail. Le projet propose un géo-regroupement physique du processus technique de fabrication de lames et un télé-regroupement médical, avec une mise en commun des expertises diagnostiques des quatre services. Nous montrons que, afin de soutenir et de faire de ce processus un levier d’attractivité et de performance, deux dynamiques identitaires critiques semblent émerger (Sardas et al ., 2011). La première, de nature individuelle, concerne l’accompagnement de la transformation des métiers. La deuxième, de nature plus collective, concerne l’espace de développement des liens transverses entre les services, afin de remettre en perspective leurs possibilités de collaboration et d’intégration. Les résultats de notre étude nous permettent également de proposer une nouvelle façon d’envisager le rôle des pôles à l’hôpital, en tant que cadre permettant la maturation et la gestion de projets ayant du sens pour les acteurs de terrain (Vallejo et al ., 2020).
La gouvernance hospitalière publique, une question de régulation conflictuelle
Authors: Kono Abe Jean-Max , Lissouck Elisabeth Anne 
Published: July 2022

L’étude du lien entre gouvernance et création de valeur est souvent conduite dans une logique essentiellement disciplinaire. Les théoriciens de l’agence abordent la notion de valeur sous l’angle d’une minimisation des conflits d’agence. Or, la création de valeur ne se réduit pas à un simple problème de discipline ; elle comporte également une dimension cognitive, notamment dans le cas des organisations innovantes (Wirtz, 2006) telles que les hôpitaux. Ainsi, ces structures impliquent des mécanismes capables d’enrayer les conflits. La régulation par les pratiques administratives de la productivité dans le domaine hospitalier révèle que les gestionnaires modélisent de plus en plus le développement de la performance de leurs établissements sanitaires et médico-sociaux. De ce fait, la présente recherche envisage de contribuer à un effort d’intégration des explications disciplinaire et cognitive des phénomènes de gouvernance en milieu hospitalier public, en analysant l’influence des conflits socioprofessionnels sur le lien entre gouvernance et création de valeur. Notre cheminement méthodologique déductif nous permet de procéder à des analyses métriques de nature exploratoire, factorielle, et confirmatoire. Il en ressort que les mécanismes de gouvernance affectent positivement la valeur hospitalière en jugulant les conflits d’intérêt et les conflits cognitifs entre cliniciens.
A Cross Sectional Study on the Impact of Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic on the Training of Interns in a Medical College Hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Suresh Roopa , Reddy A. C Sanjay , Krishnamurthy Suresh , Anil R. , Reddy Y. J Visweswara , Janakiraman P. , Harsha P. J , Rao H. R. Krishna , Ryali VS Subba Rao 
Published: July 2022

Background:
A Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) graduate will gain the required skills and competencies under supervision during the internship training. Many factors influence the competency levels. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic could be one of those factors.

Objectives:
The objectives were to assess the competency levels among medical interns, postinternship, during the COVID pandemic and also to assess the association between the competency levels with their final year results.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 interns using a self-assessment questionnaire. Self-perception about the competencies was graded into three categories as low, moderate, and high. The Chi-square test was used for analysing statistical association between self-perception and MBBS final year part II results.

Results:
The level of self-perception about the competencies among the interns was found to be high in-analysis, display and interpretation of information; hypothesis formulation and decision-making (45.1%) and interpersonal communication, management, organizing health care system and professionalism (42.5%), whereas it was low for obtaining information from the patients and their families (29.2%) and procedural skills (18.6%). About 75.2% and 76.1% of the interns had low self-perception for endo-tracheal intubation and lumbar puncture, respectively. High level of self-perception was noted for urethral catheterization (84.2%) and intramuscular drug administration (76.1%). It was found that none of the competencies were statistically associated with the grade based on marks obtained in final year part II.

Conclusion:
COVID pandemic has affected the interns training to a significant extent. There was no statistically significant association between final year grades and the competencies.
Scutellarein Apoptosis Mediated by Mitochondria in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Birundadevi Markandan , Sivashankar Rangasamy , Mathukumar Sivagnanam 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The growth of several cancers can be inhibited by naturally occurring medicinal plants. A flavone called Scutellarein found in the perennial herb Scutellaria lateriflora does have a wide range of biological functions. Scutellarein was studied to determine whether it could induce apoptosis and cause cytotoxicity.

Methods:
On oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cell lines, Scutellarein's cytotoxic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Scutellarein was added to KB cells at concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 g/mL for 24 h. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was also used to investigate apoptotic induction potential in Scutellarein-incubated KB cell lines by analyzing Bcl-2 protein and gene expression.

Results:
In KB-cell lines treated with scutellarein, cytotoxicity and anticancer effects were observed, as well as inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In comparison to the cells not treated with scutellarein, KB cells that had been exposed to scutellarein displayed reduced Bcl-2 expression.

Conclusion:
KB cells were treated with scutellarein to induce apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a chemo preventative agent. This activity appears to be mediated through the modulation of Bcl-2, a cytotoxic gene.
Correlation between Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Hematological Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Kalal Akanksha Ashok , Shetty Vijith Vittal , Shetty Kailkere Padma , Arumugam Meenakshi , Shetty Reshma Arun , Kulkarni Nagaraj Venkatesh , Shetty Deyyenthody Prasanth 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of clonal plasma cells. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are prognostic factors and biomarkers of systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine a correlation between NLR, PLR, and hematological parameters in patients with MM.

Methods:
The clinical data of 50 MM patients were collected from hospital medical records. NLR and PLR were calculated from data obtained from clinical records.

Results:
The median age was 60 years at diagnosis. The study cohort was divided into two groups based on cutoff points taken from previously published data (NLR: 2.56 and PLR: 157). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood urea, uric acid, platelet count, and absolute neutrophil count were higher in patients with high NLR than in patients with low NLR. A significant association between NLR and blood urea was seen (P < 0.0018). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation for blood urea and NLR, uric acid and NLR, and blood urea and PLR.

Conclusion:
Thus, combined applications of NLR and PLR could be used as a cost-effective diagnostic predictor of MM patients.
ECOG performance status as a representative of deficits in older Indian patients with cancer
Authors: Gattani Shreya , Ramaswamy Anant , Noronha Vanita , Castelino Renita , Kumar Sharath , Rao Abhijith Rajaram , Dhekale Ratan , Krishnamurthy Jyoti , Kannan Sadhana , Gota Vikram , Prabhash Kumar , Banavali Shripad , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) is a standard assessment in older patients with cancer, but the correlation of the individual components of the geriatric assessment (GA) with the ECOG PS is less well studied, especially in Indian patients.

Objective:
To study the correlation of the ECOG PS with the individual components of the GA and with the burden of deficits as estimated in the GA.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the geriatric oncology clinic of the Tata Memorial Hospital, a tertiary cancer center in Mumbai, India, with approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Function and falls, comorbidities, nutrition, psychological status, and cognition were evaluated as a part of the GA. The primary outcome was defined as the presence of ≥2 abnormalities on the 5 tested domains in the GA, while the independent variable was ECOG PS (0–3) which was assessed as a discrete variable. The discriminatory power of the ECOG PS in identifying ≥2 geriatric abnormalities as well as deficits in the individual geriatric domains was calculated via logistic regression receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves using area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were divided into ≥0.8, <0.8–≥0.65, and <0.65 to represent excellent, moderate, and poor discriminant ability, respectively.

Results:
Between May 2018 and Jan 2021, we enrolled 594 patients in the study. Their median age was 69 years (range, 60–100), and 80% patients had an ECOG PS of 1 or 2. Abnormalities in at least 2 domains were detected in 77% patients. An ECOG PS ≥1 was predictive of abnormalities in at least 2 geriatric abnormalities with an AUC = 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.74), sensitivity of 95.4%, and specificity of 18.4%. With each 1 unit increase in the ECOG PS, the odds of having ≥2 geriatric abnormalities increased by 4.69 (95% CI, 2.53–8.68). The ECOG PS correlated moderately well with deficits in cognition (AUC = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.61–0.72]), function and falls (AUC = 0.73 [95% CI, 0.69–0.77]), and psychological domains (AUC = 0.65 [95% CI, 0.60–0.70]) and poorly correlated with nutritional status (AUC = 0.63 [95% CI, 0.58–0.68]) and comorbidities (AUC = 0.55 [95% CI, 0.49–0.61]).

Conclusions:
Older patients with cancer with an ECOG PS ≥1 are very likely to harbor non-oncological vulnerabilities, and should therefore undergo a GA. The ECOG PS correlates moderately well with abnormalities in function and falls, psychological assessment, and cognition, while it poorly correlates with nutritional status and comorbidities. (Clinical Trials Registry – India number: CTRI/2020/04/024675).
Qualitative and dosimetric assessment of radiation-induced xerostomia in patients with oral cancers treated with 3DCRT versus IMRT
Authors: Reddy Navaneeth , Kapoor Ankita Rungta , Bhalavat Rajendra , Chandra Manish , Pareek Vibhay , Srivastava Amrita , Moosa Zaiba , Bauskar Pratibha , Kapoor Akhil 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Xerostomia is an important complication in patients with head-and-neck cancer treated with radiotherapy. It is caused by the radiation dose to the salivary glands situated in the lateral facial and submandibular regions, which are commonly included in or are close to the target volume.

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to evaluate xerostomia in patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). We also aimed to identify the risk factors for the development of xerostomia and the treatment-related and dosimetric parameters associated with xerostomia in patients with oral cancers receiving radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 100 patients with oral cancers between Sept 2015 and Apr 2018 who were planned for adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients were treated with unilateral portals in 3DCRT or IMRT. Xerostomia was assessed using the Wake Forest National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program Research Base (WF NCORP RB) # 97115 Questionnaire at baseline, treatment completion, and at 1, 4, and 7 months following the completion of radiotherapy. Detailed salivary gland dosimetric parameters including the minimum (Dmin), maximum (Dmax), and mean dose (Dmean) and other dose and volume parameters (e.g., D25, D50, D75, and V10–V60) were assessed through cumulative dose volume histograms (DVH). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with the development of xerostomia and assess the correlation with dosimetric parameters.

Results:
At a median follow-up of 20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8–32) months, the V20, V25, V30, V40, V45, V50, V60, Dmin, and Dmean received by the ipsilateral parotid gland were significantly lower in patients treated with IMRT compared to those treated with 3DCRT (P < 0.001). After the completion of radiotherapy, the mean xerostomia scores at each follow-up were significantly lower in the patients who had received IMRT, compared to 3DCRT. At 7 months of completion of treatment, the mean score of xerostomia in the 3DCRT arm was 44.4, compared to 33.8 in the IMRT arm (P = 0.023). On multivariate analysis, Dmin, V30, V40, V45, V60, history of substance abuse, advanced age, and lower body weight were found to be associated with higher chances of xerostomia.

Conclusion:
Compared to 3DCRT, IMRT results in lower rates of xerostomia based on dosimetric as well as subjective analysis.
Challenges faced by caregivers of patients with cancer in the sub-Himalayan region
Authors: Gupta Sweety , Rohilla Kusum K. , Bachheti Yamini , Kalyani Vasantha C. , Gupta Amit , Sundriyal Deepak , Gupta Manoj 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients with cancer and their caregivers have multiple needs. The majority of these concerns are not adequately addressed, which increases their psychological distress and impacts their quality of life.

Objectives:
Our goal was to understand the challenges faced by caregivers of patients with cancer visiting our institute.

Materials and Methods:
This exploratory survey was conducted between Nov 2019 and Feb 2020 on the caregivers of patients with cancer. A standardized questionnaire was validated by experts and then given to all the participants to evaluate the difficulties faced by the caregivers. The questionnaire included questions regarding the details of the socio-demographic profile, disease-related information, and financial and psychosocial issues.

Results:
Of the 310 caregivers evaluated for the survey, 280 completed the questionnaire. Most of the caregivers (93, 33.2%) were aged between 41 and 50 years. The educational status of one-third of the caregivers (97, 34.6%) was only primary schooling. Regarding the type of cancer-directed therapy received by the patients, 37 (13.2%) were only on palliative care for symptom management without any active oncological management. Family responsibility was considered one of the most common liabilities among 132 (47.1%) respondents. A total of 136 (48.5%) caregivers felt a loss of privacy and/or personal time because of patient care, 154 (55%) experienced sleep disturbances because of caring, 228 (87.4%) felt worried that they would not be able to manage work, and 67 (23.9%) had similar concerns regarding an inability to manage family responsibilities.

Conclusions:
Cancer caregivers bear the burden of care, which affects their health and well-being, but their persistent efforts despite numerous issues play a vital role in improving the patients' outcomes and quality of life. Support from healthcare professionals is key to improving the ability of caregivers to cope with the difficulties encountered by patients with cancer.
Information needs assessment and development of information booklet for patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Varghese Smita D. , Pai Radhika R. , Udupa Karthik 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients with cancer require a wide variety of information during their illness. Identifying their need for information and providing education are vital responsibilities of nurses and physicians.

Objectives:
We aimed to assess the information needs of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. We then aimed to develop and validate an information booklet, based on the needs assessment.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted among patients with cancer visiting the day care center for chemotherapy at the Shirdi Saibaba Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Kasturba Medical College, a tertiary cancer center in Manipal, India. The information needs of the patients were assessed through a questionnaire. The chemotherapy information module developed was then given to five subject experts for validation.

Results:
Between Dec 2018 and Feb 2019, we enrolled 245 patients in the study. Of these, 108 (44.1%) expressed a desperate need for information, 136 (55.5%) had a preferred need for information, and 1 (0.4%) did not require any information. The information considered as the absolute need to know by over half (52.7%) the participants was regarding the disease (severity, recurrence, malignancy, and effect on the body), followed by the side-effects of chemotherapy and their management (49%) and psychological support (45.3%).

Conclusion:
Patients with cancer have the desire to be well informed about their disease, treatment, and side-effects. Education sessions can be planned to improve the chemotherapy-related knowledge of patients with cancer. Regular appraisal of the need for information among patients with cancer is critical, considering the changing needs of the health-care seekers. (Clinical Trials Registry-India number CTRI/2018/11/016378)