bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delimitation of the concepts of «gift» and «illegal benefit» in administrative and criminal law
Authors: Habuda Andrii , Danchenko Kateryna 
Published: July 2022

The article raises issues of interpretation and application of anti-corruption terminology, in particular, the definitions of "gift" and "illegal benefit". It is noted that the correct delineation of these concepts is important not only for legal science in the application of applied research but also for rulemaking and law enforcement. It was found that courts allow different applications of Art. 172-5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and Art. 368 of the Criminal Code and as a consequence – incorrect qualification and incorrect definition of a liability. Also, we noticed that the problems of delimitation of gifts and improper benefits are not so much a problem of legislation as to the distorted practice of its application.
Considering doctrinal developments and normative provisions of anti-corruption legislation, the author's approach to determining the differences between the studied terms is proposed. The principle position is substantiated, according to which, when delimitation of illegal benefit and a gift, violation of restrictions on receiving which constitutes an administrative offense, first of all, it should be borne in mind that illegal benefit is always provided for what act using the powers, authority or official position given to him. A gift is received by such a person not for committing or not committing an act with the use of the powers or powers granted to him, but for free, free of charge. Given that the dilemma of the gift and illegal benefit becomes acute in the law enforcement sphere, the authors propose to eliminate it by determining the relevant law enforcement guidelines by the Supreme Court.
"Success fee" of an advocate: on the way to the unity of judicial practice
Authors: Popov Oleksandr 
Published: July 2022

The presented work is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the "success fee" as a form of attorney’s remuneration for the provision of legal assistance, as well as to the consideration of the possibilities of applying the structure of such remuneration in the national legal field.
The review of the current legislation of Ukraine, as well as the legislation of other countries on the perception and legal regulation of the "success fee", based on the traditional division of law systems into Anglo-Saxon and Continental, was carried out. It is noted that the "success fee" by its nature is an additional remuneration to a lawyer, that is, a premium (bonus) that is paid to the latter in the event of a successful resolution of the client’s case, in addition to the fee that is payable for the provision of services provided by the lawyer under the contract for the provision of legal assistance.
Based on the fundamental function of the Supreme Court to ensure the unity of judicial practice, the dynamics of law enforcement approaches is traced at the level of its legal opinions, affecting the nature of the "success fee" and its legality. It is argued that the current practice of the Supreme Court has weakened its categorical attitude to the "success fee" and proceeds from the acceptability of this form of additional attorney’s remuneration, the payment of which depends on the outcome of the case. Also, the conclusions of the Supreme Court on the application of certain norms of procedural laws consider the possibility of resolving the issue of compensation for the costs incurred by a person to pay the “success fee” when the court decides on the distribution of court costs.
According to the results of the study, in order to avoid any differences in law enforcement approaches in the future, separate proposals were made for the proper settlement of the issue of "success fee" in national law.
Simplified validation of the ELISA kit determination of Microcystins in surface water
Authors: Fan Liang , Jeanne Huang Jinhui , Lo Ching Y. , Zhou Bin , Fu Xujin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as a universal method for the determination of Microcystins, is of great significance for the rapid detection of Microcystins pollution. This study aimed to propose a simplified validation method for Microcystins ELISA kit by summarizing related documents and guidelines. After summarizing and clarifying from 20 validation parameters, 11 parameters were selected to simplify the validation of Microcystins ELISA kit. In addition, the acceptable range and validation details of each parameter were analyzed. The results indicated that the coefficient of determination of the Microcystin-LR standard curve was higher than 0.99. The concentration of quality control samples was within control limits. The accuracy of spiked and proficient samples was within 70%–130%. The variability of intra-assay, inter-assay, and reproducibility was less than 11, 15 and 21%, respectively. The LOD and LLOQ were 0.002 μg/L and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. When the concentration of Microcystins exceeded 5 μg/L, it was recommended to dilute the samples to the working range before detection. The specificity was estimated with seven Microcystin analogues and three amino acids, indicating that the cross-reactivity was less than 30%. These results revealed that the ELISA kit was satisfactory for detecting Microcystins in water.
Job satisfaction: Its mediating role in the effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance
Authors: Santya I Made Maha Dwija , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Manuati 
Published: July 2022

Employee performance is the foundation of a company, because the company's progress is the collective effort of all its employees. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of transformational leadership, organizational culture, and job satisfaction on employee performance and the role of job satisfaction in mediating the effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. The population of this study are all employees actively working at PT Sinar Nusrapress Utama in Bali Province. The sample size was 157 employee determined by saturated sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed by using Variance-Based Structural Equation Modelling, namely Partial Least Square. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of transformational leadership style and organizational culture on employee performance. For PT Sinar Nusrapress Utama, this research can be used as a reference that transformational leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction are important to maintain company performance and progress.
Integrated tourism policy: The Buffer area development impact of Borobudur world heritage
Authors: Harsono Dwi , Wijayanto Ibnu 
Published: July 2022

This article addresses the development policy practice by the Borobudur Authority Agency. The policy can synchronize different autonomous local government policies and avoid conflictual approaches to its neighborhoods. Even though a top-down policy may reduce the creativity of local governments to develop their tourism programs, this research shows the impact of the integrated tourism policy of the Borobudur National Tourism Strategic Area benefited accelerating tourism development. The economic impact on the surrounding community is creating job opportunities and increasing people’s financial revenue. The effects on the social dimension show that tourism development activities under borderless policy sites increase interaction and bonds among communities and preserve the cultures and folklores within the research sites that are administratively separated regions. When viewed from the environmental aspect, tourism development activities have implemented a sustainable approach by applying nomadic tourism concepts and building construction that does not damage the soil structure. By informing those impacts, this paper suggests newsworthiness as a guiding principle to communicate the successful implementation of a public policy.
Refining a Multicomponent Intervention to Increase Perceived HIV Risk and PrEP Initiation: Focus Group Study Among Black Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Dangerfield II Derek T , Anderson Janeane N , Wylie Charleen , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Bluthenthal Ricky N , Beyrer Christopher , Farley Jason E 
Published: July 2022

Background
Increased preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation is needed to substantially decrease HIV incidence among Black sexual minority men (BSMM). However, BSMM perceive others as PrEP candidates instead of themselves and are less likely than other groups to use PrEP if prescribed. Peers and smartphone apps are popular HIV prevention intervention tools typically used independently. However, they could be useful together in a multicomponent strategy to improve perceived HIV risk and PrEP initiation for this group. Information regarding attitudes and preferences toward this multicomponent strategy is limited.

Objective
The goal of this study is to obtain attitudes and perspectives regarding the design of a multicomponent intervention that uses a smartphone app and a peer change agent (PCA) to increase perceived HIV risk and PrEP initiation. The intervention will be refined based on thematic findings for a culturally responsive approach.

Methods
Data were obtained guided by life course theory and the health belief model using 12 focus groups and 1 in-depth interview among HIV-negative BSMM from Baltimore, MD, between October 2019 and May 2020 (n=39). Groups were stratified by the following ages: 18 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, and 35 years and older. Participants were provided details regarding an existing mobile app diary to self-monitor sexual behaviors and a hypothetical PCA with whom to review the app. Facilitators posed questions regarding perceived HIV risk, attitudes toward the app, working with a PCA, and preferences for PCA characteristics and approaches.

Results
Most participants identified as homosexual, gay, or same gender-loving (26/38, 68%), were employed (26/38, 69%), single (25/38, 66%), and interested in self-monitoring sexual behaviors (28/38, 68%). However, themes suggested that participants had low perceived HIV risk, that self-monitoring sexual behaviors using a mobile app diary was feasible but could trigger internalized stigma, and that an acceptable PCA should be a possible self for BSMM to aspire to but they still wanted clinicians to “do their job.”

Conclusions
HIV-negative BSMM have dissonant attitudes regarding perceived HIV risk and the utility of a mobile app and PCA to increase perceived HIV risk and PrEP initiation. Future research will explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of implementing the multicomponent intervention on perceived HIV risk and PrEP initiation among BSMM in a pilot study.
Comparison of the Impact of Insulin Degludec U100 and Insulin Glargine U300 on Glycemic Variability and Oxidative Stress in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pilot Study for a Randomized Trial
Authors: Vrebalov Cindro Pavle , Krnić Mladen , Modun Darko , Vuković Jonatan , Tičinović Kurir Tina , Kardum Goran , Rušić Doris , Šešelja Perišin Ana , Bukić Josipa 
Published: July 2022

Background
There is an ongoing discussion about possible differences between insulin degludec (IDeg-100) and glargine U300 (IGlar-300). There is little data and head-to-head comparison of IDeg-100 and IGlar-300 regarding their simultaneous impact on glycemic variability and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective
In our randomized, open-label, crossover study, we compared the impact of IDeg-100 and IGlar-300 on glycemic variability and oxidative stress in insulin-naive patients with T2DM.

Methods
We recruited a total of 25 adult patients with T2DM (7 females) whose diabetes was uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥7.5%) on two or more oral glucose-lowering drugs; a total of 22 completed the study. Mean age was 57.3 (SD 6.99) years and duration of diabetes was 9.94 (SD 5.01) years. After the washout period, they were randomized alternately to first receive either IDeg-100 or IGlar-300 along with metformin. Each insulin was administered for 12 weeks and then switched. At the beginning and end of each phase, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. On 3 consecutive days prior to each control point, patients performed a 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose profile. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring thiol groups and hydroperoxides (determination of reactive oxygen metabolites test) in serum.

Results
IGlar-300 reduced mean glucose by 0.02-0.13 mmol/L, and IDeg-100 reduced glucose by 0.10-0.16 mmol/L, with no significant difference. The reduction of the coefficient of glucose variation also did not show a statistically significant difference. IGlar-300 increased thiols by 0.08 µmol/L and IDeg-100 increased thiols by 0.15 µmol/L, with no significant difference (P=.07) between them. IGlar-300 reduced hydroperoxides by 0.040 CARR U and IDeg-100 increased hydroperoxides by 0.034 CARR U, but the difference was not significant (P=.12).

Conclusions
The results of our study do not show a significant difference regarding glycemic variability between patients receiving either insulin IDeg-100 or IGlar-300, although IGlar-300 showed greater dispersion of data. No significant difference in oxidative stress was observed. In a larger study, doses of insulins should be higher to achieve significant impact on glycemic parameters and consequently on glycemic variability and oxidative stress.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04692415; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04692415
Exploiting Missing Value Patterns for a Backdoor Attack on Machine Learning Models of Electronic Health Records: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Joe Byunggill , Park Yonghyeon , Hamm Jihun , Shin Insik , Lee Jiyeon 
Published: July 2022

Background
A backdoor attack controls the output of a machine learning model in 2 stages. First, the attacker poisons the training data set, introducing a back door into the victim’s trained model. Second, during test time, the attacker adds an imperceptible pattern called a trigger to the input values, which forces the victim’s model to output the attacker’s intended values instead of true predictions or decisions. While backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the reliability of machine learning–based medical diagnostics, existing backdoor attacks that directly change the input values are detectable relatively easily.

Objective
The goal of this study was to propose and study a robust backdoor attack on mortality-prediction machine learning models that use electronic health records. We showed that our backdoor attack grants attackers full control over classification outcomes for safety-critical tasks such as mortality prediction, highlighting the importance of undertaking safe artificial intelligence research in the medical field.

Methods
We present a trigger generation method based on missing patterns in electronic health record data. Compared to existing approaches, which introduce noise into the medical record, the proposed backdoor attack makes it simple to construct backdoor triggers without prior knowledge. To effectively avoid detection by manual inspectors, we employ variational autoencoders to learn the missing patterns in normal electronic health record data and produce trigger data that appears similar to this data.

Results
We experimented with the proposed backdoor attack on 4 machine learning models (linear regression, multilayer perceptron, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent units) that predict in-hospital mortality using a public electronic health record data set. The results showed that the proposed technique achieved a significant drop in the victim’s discrimination performance (reducing the area under the precision-recall curve by at most 0.45), with a low poisoning rate (2%) in the training data set. In addition, the impact of the attack on general classification performance was negligible (it reduced the area under the precision-recall curve by an average of 0.01025), which makes it difficult to detect the presence of poison.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose a backdoor attack that uses missing information from tabular data as a trigger. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrated that our backdoor attack can inflict severe damage on medical machine learning classifiers in practice.
The Effect of Alleged Financial Statement Fraud on Audit Fees and Short Interest
Authors: Lee Sam (Sunghan) , Rezaee Zabihollah 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine auditors' consideration of audit risk information from the disclosure of alleged financial statement fraud (FSF) by investigating whether audit fees are higher for firms that allegedly committed fraud and for firms with ongoing FSF challenges and high short interest. We find a positive association between audit fees and FSF disclosures, and this association increases with the level of short interest. Auditors also consider ongoing FSF challenges reflected in the level of short interest when determining their audit fees. We find, however, that short sellers do not consider increased audit fees associated with the public disclosure of alleged FSF. Short sellers do not appear to contemplate audit fees and audit risk in analyzing the business risk of alleged FSF in determining their short positions. Our study has policy, practical, and educational implications for auditors, short sellers, and forensic accountants who investigate FSF.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from the sources identified in the study.
JEL Classifications: G32, M40, M42.
PERILAKU ONLINE PADA PEREMPUAN MILENIAL DI ERA PANDEMIC
Authors: Muslimah Khusnul , Aprilani Deddy , Nugeraha Prasetya 
Published: July 2022

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh online customer review dan reference group terhadap keputusan pembelian online produk fashion Shopee. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan perempuan generasi milenial di Bandar Lampung. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa online customer review dan reference group secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian online. Faktor tertinggi yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian online adalah online customer review. Untuk meningkatkan keputusan pembelian online di Shopee, disarankan bagi pihak Shopee untuk mempertahankan fitur online customer review dan bagi penjual di Shopee agar dapat mengelola review produk dengan baik.

Kata Kunci: Online Customer Review, Reference Group, dan Keputusan Pembelian Online
PERSPEKTIF GREEN MARKETING TOOLS PADA PEMBELIAN PRODUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Khairunnisa Widya , Efendi A. , Subagja Ghia 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the level significance effect of green products, green advertising, and green packaging on consumer purchasing decisions Love Beauty and Planet products with an explanatory quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling on 100 respondents. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was an effect of green product, green advertising, and green packaging partially and simultaneously on purchasing decisions. The biggest effect in this study was green advertising variable with advertisements that display the characteristics of eco-friendly products, so as to instill a good impression in the minds of consumers and encourage purchase decisions. However, the message elements contained in green advertising have low value for consumers, so that efforts are needed to improve these aspects. The research implication proves that eco-friendly marketing stimuli have a positive effect on purchasing decisions.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikansi pengaruh green product, green advertising, dan green packaging terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen produk Love Beauty and Planet melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah 100 responden. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh signifikan green product, green advertising, dan green packaging secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pengaruh terbesar terletak pada variabel green advertising dengan iklan yang menampilkan karakteristik produk ramah lingkungan sehingga menanamkan kesan baik di benak konsumen dan mendorong keputusan pembelian. Namun, elemen pesan yang terdapat dalam green advertising memiliki nilai yang rendah bagi konsumen, sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan pada aspek tersebut. Implikasi penelitian membuktikan bahwa stimulus pemasaran yang ramah lingkungan berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Pengembangan Wisata Bukit Tinggi dalam Prespektif Hifdz Mal
Authors: Sanjani Arafat 
Published: July 2022

Wisata halal merupakan penyesuaian dari negara non Organisasi Konferensi Islam (OKI) yang menangkap potensi besar dari meningkatnya muslim diseluruh dunia. Wisata Halal ini awalnya diadakan sebagai wadah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beribadah wisatawan muslim di negara-negara non OKI. Wisata halal di sumenep merupakan tawaran strategis yang secara sosiologis dapat menjadi kanal alternatif bagi masyarakat dalam memilih destinasi pelancongan. Keberadaan Madura dengan karakter masyarakatnya yang religius dan islami adalah modal sosial yang tak dapat dinafikan. Tersedianya destinasi pariwisata yang bernuansa agama (Islam) selayaknya menjadi tuntutan sekaligus tuntunan bagi khalayak baik di Madura khususnya maupun dari luar Pulau sumenep pada umumnya.
Mengacu pada perkembangan tersebut, sangatlah penting bagi masyarakat madura untuk membangun pariwisata halal. Salah satu daerah yang dinilai sangat baik di madura untuk pengembangan wisata halal adalah kota sumenep yang memiliki banyak pulau dan geografisnya sangat luas, hal ini merupakan kesempatan bagi pulau di madura untuk mensejahterakan namanya di masa depan nanti, melaluli mengembangkan pariwisata-pariwisata halal di madura, di samping itu madura juga dikenal dengan serambi madinah mayoritas masyarakatnya yang sangat berpegang teguh terhadap syariat islam . Walaupun banyak pakar yang telah memposisikan pentingnya hukum dalam pembangunan ekonomi suatu bangsa, namun sampai sekarang Presiden belum menjadikan pembangunan hukum sebagai prioritas utama untuk menopang pembangunan ekonomi. Saat ini, pembangunan yang dilakukan sepertinya dibiarkan mengalir begitu saja tanpa orientasi.
Riset ini menggunakaan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan situs penelitian meliputi dokumen kebijakan pariwisata Sumenep serta survei lapangan langsung ke destinasi wisata Bukit Tinggi. Data penelitian primer dan sekunder diperoleh dengan metode dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam (depth interview). Metode analisis memadukan antara studi literatur (konten), analisis dokumen dari regulasi pemerintah kabupaten/dinas pariwisata setempat serta analisis dan komparasi data dengan lapangan tempat survei penelitian.