bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectra-assisted laser focusing in quantitative analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for copper alloys
Authors: LI Shoujie , ZHENG Ronger , DEGUCHI Yoshihiro , YE Wangquan , TIAN Ye , GUO Jinjia , LI Ying , LU Yuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a capable technique for elementary analysis, while LIBS quantitation is still under development. In quantitation, precise laser focusing plays an important role because it ensures the distance between the laser and samples. In the present work, we employed spectral intensity as a direct way to assist laser focusing in LIBS quantitation for copper alloys. It is found that both the air emission and the copper line could be used to determine the position of the sample surface by referencing the intensity maximum. Nevertheless, the fine quantitation was only realized at the position where the air emission (e.g. O (I) 777.4 nm) reached intensity maximum, and also in this way, a repeatable quantitation was successfully achieved even after 120 days. The results suggested that the LIBS quantitation was highly dependent on the focusing position of the laser, and spectra-assisted focusing could be a simple way to find the identical condition for different samples’ detection. In the future, this method might be applicable in field measurements for LIBS analysis of solids.
Attraction ofMyzus persicae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Volatiles Emitted From the Entomopathogenic FungusBeauveria bassiana
Authors: Geedi Ruchika , Canas Luis , Reding Michael E , Ranger Christopher M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin infects a wide variety of insects, including the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Volatiles emitted from B. bassiana can act as semiochemical attractants or repellents, with most responses reported to date resulting in insects avoiding B. bassiana. Since insects can detect ‘enemy-specific volatile compounds’, we hypothesized the preference behavior of M. persicae would be influenced by volatile emissions from B. bassiana. We conducted Petri dish and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to characterize the preference of M. persicae to B. bassiana strain GHA. During Petri dish bioassays, more apterous and alate M. persicae were recorded in the vicinity of agar colonized by B. bassiana compared to agar, or Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and Ambrosiella grosmanniae Mayers, McNew, & Harrington as representatives of nonentomopathogenic fungi. Petri dish bioassays also determined that apterous and alate M. persicae preferred filter paper saturated with 1 × 107, 1 × 106, and 1 × 105B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween 80. Y-tube bioassays documented that more apterous and alate M. persicae oriented upwind to volatiles from B. bassiana mycelia compared to agar. Apterous and alate Myzus persicae were also preferentially attracted to 1 × 107 and 1 × 106B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween-80 during Y-tube bioassays. These results complement a previous finding that the mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) Liston is attracted to volatiles from B. bassiana. Future studies aimed at characterizing the olfactory mechanism leading to the attraction of M. persicae to B. bassiana could aid in optimizing lure-and-kill strategies.
The Nirenberg Problem on Half Spheres: A Bubbling-off Analysis
Authors: Ahmedou Mohameden , Ben Ayed Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we perform a refined blow-up analysis of finite energy approximated solutions to a Nirenberg-type problem on half spheres. The latter consists of prescribing, under minimal boundary conditions, the scalar curvature to be a given function. In particular, we give a precise location of blow-up points and blow-up rates. Such an analysis shows that the blow-up picture of the Nirenberg problem on half spheres is far more complicated that in the case of closed spheres. Indeed, besides the combination of interior and boundary blow ups, there are nonsimple blow-up points for subcritical solutions having zero or nonzero weak limit. The formation of such nonsimple blowups is governed by a vortex problem, unveiling an unexpected connection with Euler equations in fluid dynamic and mean fields type equations in mathematical physics.
On the Equations of Poizat and Liénard
Authors: Freitag James , Jaoui Rémi , Marker David , Nagloo Joel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the structure of the solution sets in universal differential fields of certain differential equations of order two, the Poizat equations, which are particular cases of Liénard equations. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for strong minimality for equations in this class and a complete classification of the algebraic relations for solutions of strongly minimal Poizat equations. We also give an analysis of the non-strongly minimal cases as well as applications concerning the Liouvillian and Pfaffian solutions of some Liénard equations.
A Phase 1 pharmacokinetic study of a single-dose bioadhesive clindamycin 2% gel for bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Mauck Christine K , Atiee George J , McCulloh Jennifer , Reynolds Laurie , Zack Nadene , Friend David R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of an investigational 2% clindamycin phosphate vaginal gel in healthy women by assessment of plasma and vaginal clindamycin concentrations over 7 days, and assess safety.

Methods
Single-centre, Phase 1, single-dose PK study. Blood and vaginal samples were collected daily and safety was evaluated through to Day 7.

Results
Twenty-one subjects were enrolled; 20 completed the study. Plasma clindamycin concentrations demonstrated quantifiable values in all subjects through to 24 h post-dose, remaining above the limits of quantification (LOQ) through to 48 h for the majority of subjects. Systemic exposure (AUC0–t) was 1179 (range 62–3822) h·ng/mL. Arithmetic mean AUC0–24 was 818 (range 51–3287) h·ng/mL. Vaginal clindamycin phosphate levels were relatively high 24 h following administration in 15/21 subjects (6 subjects had values &gt;400 µg/g and 9 had values of 100–400 µg/g). The levels dropped in most participants to below the LOQ 2 days following dosing. In a few participants, levels remained elevated for several days. Maximal amounts of vaginal clindamycin occurred on Day 2 with a mean value of 30.3 µg. One treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) of moderate-severity headache not related to study drug was reported and resolved on Day 1. No TEAEs were related to physical examinations, pelvic examinations, laboratory values or vital signs.

Conclusions
The vaginal concentrations of clindamycin phosphate plus the clindamycin plasma profile over time are consistent with release of drug from the investigational gel over 24 to 72 h. A single dose was well tolerated.
Retrospective study of outcomes of short versus long duration of antibiotic therapy for residual osteomyelitis in surgically resected diabetic foot infection
Authors: Motaganahalli S , Batrouney A , Perera D , Vogrin S , Trubiano J A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionOptimal treatment duration for residual osteomyelitis (OM) post-amputation in diabetic foot infection (DFI) remains unclear, with resultant heterogeneity in prescribing noted in clinical practice. We aimed to identify a difference in outcomes of long duration of antibiotics (LD) with short duration (SD) in patients with culture-positive proximal bone specimen post-amputation.MethodsIn this single-centre retrospective cohort study (Melbourne, Australia), we analysed antibiotic duration of DFI patients requiring amputation with culture-positive proximal bone specimen over a 31 month period (January 2019–September 2021). Primary outcome was reamputation or debridement at the same and/or contiguous site of amputation at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were readmission to hospital and/or recommencement of antibiotics for DFI at the same and/or contiguous site at 6 months.ResultsAmong 92 patients (83% male, median age 67 years), 26 received &lt;4 weeks (SD) and 66 received ≥4 weeks (LD) antibiotic therapy. In the SD group, primary outcome occurred in 9 patients (35%) compared with 15 patients (23%) in the LD group (P = 0.246). Both secondary outcomes occurred in 12 patients (46%) in the SD group compared with 18 patients (27%) in the LD group (P = 0.086). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed SD was not significantly associated with primary outcome [OR 1.12 (95% CI 0.38–3.31)] or secondary outcomes [OR 1.67 (95% CI 0.60–4.66)].ConclusionsThis single-centre experience did not demonstrate significant difference in outcomes between antibiotic duration of &lt;4 weeks and ≥4 weeks in DFI patients with culture-positive proximal bone specimen post-amputation. These data provide background for larger international randomized control trials to establish optimal treatment duration.
Effects of lowering dietary protein content without or with increased protein-bound and feed-grade amino acids supply on growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and acute-phase protein of finishing pigs under daily cyclic heat stress
Authors: José Karpeggiane de Oliveira Marllon , Diego Brandão Melo Antonio , Alves Marçal Danilo , Alves da Cunha Valini Graziela , Alisson Silva Cleslei , Mari Veira Alini , Zem Fraga Alícia , Righetti Arnaut Pedro , Henrique Reis Furtado Campos Paulo , Sousa dos Santos Luan , Khun Kyaw Htoo John , Gastmann Brand Henrique , Hauschild Luciano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a low-protein diet with or without an increase in dietary protein and feed-grade amino acids (AAs) on the growth performance, body composition, metabolism, and serum acute-phase proteins of finishing pigs reared in thermoneutrality or cyclic heat stress conditions. A total of 90 gilts (67.7 ± 6.2 kg) were distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two ambient temperatures and three diets). Ambient temperatures (AT) were thermoneutral (TN, 22 °C for 24 h) and cyclic heat stress (CHS, 12 h to 35 °C and 12 h to 22 °C). The evaluated diets (D) were high crude protein (HP); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets (LPAAs); low CP-free AA-supplemented diets and digestible Lys level (+20%), and Lys:AA ratios above recommendations (LPAA+). The experimental period lasted 48 d (two experimental phases: days 0–27 and days 28–48, respectively). CHS pigs had higher skin temperature (P &lt; 0.05) than TN pigs. Pigs in CHS had higher rectal temperature (P &lt; 0.05) than TN pigs until day 38 but similar (P &gt; 0.10) to TN pigs from 38 to 45 d. For the entire experiment, CHS pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and daily feed intake, net energy intake, body lipid, bone mineral, lipid deposition, energy retention, Lys and CP intake, and nitrogen excretion than TN pigs. The level of CP intake impacted nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention efficiency, and urea as pigs fed HP had the highest values, and pigs fed LPAA had the lowest values (P &lt; 0.05). On day 27, CHS pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) free triiodothyronine than TN pigs. LPAA+ pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) insulin than LPAA. On day 48, CHS pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) thyroxine, albumin, and lactate than TN pigs. On day 27, pigs fed LPAA+ had higher (P &lt; 0.05) lactate than pigs fed HP or LPAA. Both AT and D were enough to stimulate the immune system as CHS pigs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) transferrin and 23-kDa protein levels than TN pigs, and HP pigs had higher haptoglobin than LPAA on day 27. These results confirm the deleterious effects of high AT on performance, body composition, metabolism, and immune system stimulation in finishing pigs. These data also show that a diet with low levels of CP can be provided to pigs in CHS without affecting performance and body composition while reducing nitrogen excretion. However, the use of a diet with an AA level above the requirements obtained by increasing intact protein and free AA did not attenuate the impact of CHS on performance and body composition of pigs.
Removal of an Aminopeptidase N From Midgut Brush Border Does Not Affect Susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae to Four Insecticidal Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae)
Authors: Wang Can , Deng Zhimin , Yuan Jin , Xu Kexin , Sha Li , Guan Xiong , Huang Zhipeng , Shao Ensi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Spodoptera litura is one of the most destructive lepidopteran insects of cabbages and cauliflowers in the world. Cry1 and Vip3 toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis have been reported to show toxicity in multiple lepidopteran insects. Binding of toxic molecules to specific receptors on the midgut epithelial cells is known to be a key step in the action mode of Bt toxins. Aminopeptidase N (APN) -like proteins have been reported to be binding sites of multiple Cry toxins in the midgut of Cry susceptible insects. In the present study, we identified six midgut APNs by analysis of the genome and midgut transcriptome of S. litura. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene-knockout system was utilized to mutate the GPI-anchor signal peptide at the C terminus of SlAPN1. SlAPN1 was verified to be removed from the midgut brush border membrane vesicles of a homozygous knockout strain of S. litura (SlAPN1-KO). Bioassay results indicated that susceptibility of the SlAPN1-KO strain to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ca, and Vip3Aa toxins was close to that of the wild-type strain of S. litura. RT–qPCR results showed that the transcriptional level of SlAPN2-6 was not up-regulated after knockout of the SlAPN1. Results in this study indicated that the SlAPN1 did not play a critical role in the pathway of toxicity of Cry1Aa, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ca, and Vip3Aa toxins in S. litura.
Multi-institutional phase II study of ultra-hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer in Japan: Kyoto Radiation Oncology Study Group (UPBEAT study)
Authors: Mitsuyoshi Takamasa , Ono Yuka , Ashida Ryo , Yamashita Mikiko , Tanabe Hiroaki , Takebe Sayaka , Tokiwa Mariko , Suzuki Eiji , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Yoshimura Michio , Yamauchi Chikako , Mizowaki Takashi , Kokubo Masaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The UK-FAST-Forward study showed that ultra-hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (ultra-HF-WBI) involving five fractions of 26 Gy radiation over 1 week was not inferior to HF-WBI. However, it is not used in Japan due to safety concerns. In April 2022, we commenced a multi-institutional, single-arm, phase II trial. Our aim is to confirm the safety of ultra-HF-WBI after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer in Japanese women.

Method
We plan to enroll 98 patients from 13 institutions. The primary endpoint is the proportion of late adverse events of grades ≥2 within 3 years.

Discussion
We believe that this highly promising clinical study can positively impact the Japanese guidelines for breast cancer treatment. The results will help us decide whether or not ultra-HF-WBI can be used as a more convenient alternative to WBI.

Registration number and date
This trial was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000047080) on March 4, 2022.
Highlights of Urban Entomology 2021: Chemical, Nonchemical, and Alternative Approaches to Urban Pest Management as We Adapt, Advance, Transform
Authors: Tay Jia-Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The 2021 annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America with the theme of “Adapt. Advance. Transform” guided the highlight compilation of urban entomology papers. Integrated pest management of urban pests relies on techniques and tools that adapt, advance, and transform over time to develop into new usable tactics and technologies; the review covers the following three themes: first, how science, researchers, and pest management professionals adapt to the changing environments; second, how urban pest management approaches and technologies advance using conventional and alternative strategies; and last, how transformation happens, leading to technological advances and sustainable pest management success. I selected papers on four groups of urban pests—ants, termites, bed bugs, and cockroaches—that were in the context of pest management in this highlights publication. Emphasis was placed on research regarding the efficacy of chemical (e.g., conventional pesticides, insect growth regulators), nonchemical, and alternative approaches (e.g., the use of heat, naturally derived compounds) for urban pests that help improve and implement sustainable pest management plans. These papers demonstrate the achievements of the urban entomology community while emphasizing the current challenges that we face from the far-reaching impact of climate change and insect pest adaptation and what should be prioritized.
Translocations are induced in hematopoietic stem cells after irradiation of fetal mice
Authors: Hamasaki Kanya , Matsumoto Tomoko , Cologne John , Mukai Mayumi , Kodama Yoshiaki , Noda Asao , Nakamura Nori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although mammalian fetuses have been suggested to be sensitive to radiation, an increased frequency of translocations was not observed in blood lymphocytes from atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors who were exposed to the bomb in utero and examined as adults. Since experiments using hematopoietic cells of mice and rats confirmed this finding, it was hypothesized that either irradiated fetal hematopoietic stem cells (f-HSCs) cannot generate exchange-type chromosomal aberrations or cells bearing induced aberrations are eliminated before the animals reach adulthood. In the present study, pregnant mice (12.5–15.5 days post coitum [dpc]) were irradiated with 2 Gy of X-rays and long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) were isolated 24 h later. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) analysis of LT-HSC clones proliferated in vitro showed that nine out of 43 (21%) clones from fetuses and 21 out of 41 (51%) clones from mothers bore translocations. These results indicate that cells with translocations can arise in mouse f-HSCs but exist at a lower frequency than in the mothers 24 h after X-ray exposure. Thus, it seems likely that translocation-bearing f-HSCs are generated but subsequently disappear, so that the frequency of lymphocyte translocations may decrease and reach the control level by the time the animals reach adulthood.
Statistical Analysis of Mortality Rates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Japan Across the 4C Mortality Score Risk Groups, Age Groups, and Epidemiological Waves: A Report From the Nationwide COVID-19 Cohort
Authors: Baba Hiroaki , Ikumi Saori , Aoyama Shotaro , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Asai Yusuke , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Ohmagari Norio , Kanamori Hajime , Tokuda Koichi , Ueda Takuya , Kawakami Eiryo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been changed across the epidemiological waves. The aim was to investigate the differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 patients in Japan across the 6 epidemiological waves stratified by age group and Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (4C) mortality score risk group.

Methods
A total of 56 986 COVID-19 patients in the COVID-19 Registry Japan from 2 March 2020 to 1 February 2022 were enrolled. These patients were categorized into 4 risk groups based on their 4C mortality score. Mortality rates of each risk group were calculated separately for different age groups: 18–64, 65–74, 75–89, and ≥90 years. In addition, mortality rates across the wave periods were calculated separately in 2 age groups: &lt;75 and ≥75 years. All calculated mortality rates were compared with reported data from the United Kingdom (UK) during the early epidemic.

Results
The mortality rates of patients in Japan were significantly lower than in the UK across the board, with the exception of patients aged ≥90 years at very high risk. The mortality rates of patients aged ≥75 years at very high risk in the fourth and fifth wave periods showed no significant differences from those in the UK, whereas those in the sixth wave period were significantly lower in all age groups and in all risk groups.

Conclusions
The present analysis showed that COVID-19 patients had a lower mortality rate in the most recent sixth wave period, even among patients ≥75 years old at very high risk.
How Fast Do Investors Learn? Asset Management Investors and Bayesian Learning
Authors: Schwarz Christopher , Sun Zheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the speed with which investors learn about managers’ skills by examining how quickly investor and managers’ beliefs converge. After showing our measure proxies for the change in the dispersion of beliefs, we find that hedge fund investors learn as fast as suggested by Bayes’ rule. However, we find mutual fund investors learn more slowly than suggested by Bayes’ rule. Mutual fund investors’ slow learning is not due to the use of different performance measures, institutional frictions, or lack of sophistication, but could be due to a low payoff from learning. Our results indicate learning speed depends on financial participants’ incentives.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Stratified Entry into Illegality: How Immigration Policy Shapes Being Undocumented
Authors: Aptekar Sofya , Hsin Amy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch shows that legal status is a critical axis of stratification in the United States but is less clear about the variably permeable boundaries around illegality and the systematic ways in which migrants are channeled into and out of the liminal states of illegality. Drawing on analysis of 105 interviews with a diverse group of undocumented or formerly undocumented immigrant young adults in New York City collected in 2018–19, we introduce the concept of stratified entry into illegality to illustrate how migrants’ nationality, race, and socioeconomic status shape their mode of entry which, in turn, shapes opportunities to adjust legal status. Our comparison of migrants who entered the United States without inspection and those who overstayed visas reveals key differences in experience of illegality, including fear of deportation and future plans. We discuss the role of mandatory re-entry bans and hardship waivers on immigrants’ relationships, the “fix” of advance parole for the more privileged Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients, and the gendered and racialized risks and pressures faced by visa overstayers seeking to adjust their status through marriage. Our comparison of undocumented young adults with and without DACA across mode of entry demonstrates how DACA serves as a class- and race-based filtering mechanism. We embed analysis of stratified entry into illegality within the US immigration regime and a global regime of racialized criminalization of migrants rooted in colonial and neocolonial relations of power and extraction.