bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedentary behaviour and physical activity following multimodal exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Kambic T , Sarabon N , Hadzic V , Lainscak M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Slovenian Research Agency

Background
Despite high levels of sedentary behaviour (SB) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), there is still limited evidence on the efficacy of multimodal exercise interventions combined with physical activity (PA) counselling on SB and PA in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Such combined modalities in CR may provide additional benefits for PA and SB, although this remains to be investigated.

Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of multimodal exercise training combined with brief PA counselling on PA and SB according to sedentary status of patients with CAD.

Methods
We randomised 79 patients with CAD to low-load (LL) resistance training (RT) + aerobic training (AT) (30%-40% of one repetition maximum [1-RM]), high load RT+AT (70%-80% of 1-RM) and AT alone. The study was completed by 57 patients, with [mean (SD)] age = 61 (8) years, height = 171.8 (8.5) cm, weight = 85.12 (15.59) kg and left ventricular ejection fraction = 53 % (45,60) [median (first, third quartile)]. During the study, each patient received an hour of PA counselling and written PA brochure. Step count, daily SB, light intensity PA (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were measured at baseline and post-training using triaxial accelerometer. Following baseline measurement, we stratified patients to quartiles based on their levels of SB: most sedentary, sedentary, less sedentary, least sedentary.

Results
Upon enrolment to CR patients have surpassed daily PA recommendation (+21 min, p &lt; 0.001). All measures of PA and SB remained unchanged following training intervention (all p &gt; 0.388). Patients classified as the most sedentary have decreased SB (-52 min/day, p = 0.001) and increased LIPA (+27 min/day, p = 0.009), while the least sedentary patients increased SB (+69 min/day, p = 0.006) and decreased LIPA (-25 min/day, p = 0.038) following the intervention. The improvement in PA was greater in the most sedentary patients (SB: +27%, p = 0.002; LIPA: +24%, p = 0.004) and in sedentary patients (SB: +24%, p = 0.009) compared to the least sedentary patients. After the training intervention, LIPA was improved more in less sedentary patients compared to the least sedentary patients (+19 %, p = 0.031). Two-way analysis of variance has demonstrated non-significant effect of time x training modality interaction on all PA and SB variables (p = 0.285-0.819).

Conclusions
The addition of RT and brief PA counselling to standard CR showed limited effects on post-training improvement in SB and MVPA. Individually tailored PA behavioural counselling based on patients’ sedentary status along with regular PA monitoring during CR should be implemented to enhance the effects of combined RT and AT in patients with CAD.
Comparison of the 2010 and 2020 World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity in patients with percutaneous coronary interventions early after hospital discharge
Authors: Eser P , Gonzalez-Jaramillo N , Weber S , Femiano R , Werner C , Casanova F , Bano A , Franco OH , Wilhelm M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss heart foundation

Background
Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with mortality and adverse outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease, and can be objectively measured by accelerometry. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has updated their recommendations on PA for adults including those with chronic conditions, omitting the 10 min bout criterion.[1] The aim of this study was to determine the proportions of cardiac patients immediately after hospital discharge from percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) who fulfil the old [2] and updated WHO PA criteria, and compare the results with established step-based cut-off values.

Methods
Patients after PCI for acute or chronic coronary syndrome with a maximal age of 80 and eligible for ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation were recruited for this observational single centre study. They were provided with a wrist-worn tri-axial accelerometer without display that recorded movement data starting from the day following hospital discharge for the subsequent 18 days. Acceleration data was analysed with the widely used free GGIR package. The proportions of patients fulfilling recommendations for moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined according to the 2010 and 2020 WHO guidelines as well as 7,500 [3] and 10,000 steps.[4]

Results
159 patients (41%) participated in this study. Data from 135 patients (85%), who had at least 7 days of ≥12 h wear-time were included in the analyses. Their median age was 62 (1st quartile 56, 3rd quartile 68), 22 (16%) were women, and 15 and 120 patients had a CCS and ACS, respectively. Their median wear time was 18 (16, 18) days. 102 (75.6%) had at least 30 min of MVPA on an average day and hence fulfilled the 2020 WHO guidelines. When MVPA was determined using the 2010 WHO guidelines, which only counted MVPA of bouts of at least 10 min, only 23 patients (17.8%) achieved at least 30 min of MVPA on an average day (Figure 1). 67.4% of our patients achieved ≥7,500 steps/d and 71 patients (52.6%) performed ≥10,000 steps/d.

Conclusion
In cardiac patients early after PCI most of the MVPA was accumulated in bouts shorter than 10 min. Applying the 2010 and 2020 WHO PA criteria to objectively measured PA led to a fourfold discrepancy. The 7,500 step cut-off corresponded with the 2020 WHO recommendations. Since achievement of intensity- or step-based cut-offs is greatly dependent on device type, wearing location, data sampling and analysis, it is currently poorly defined and not suited for patient classification and counselling. The clinical implication of this observation will be assessed in a cardiovascular outcome analysis.
Association of socioeconomic status measures with physical activity and subsequent frailty in older adults
Authors: Kheifets M , Goshen A , Goldbourt U , Witberg G , Eisen A , Kornowski R , Gerber Y 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Despite increased recognition, frailty remains a significant public health challenge.

Methods
Using a population-based cohort of older adults, this study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) factors, physical activity and frailty. The study included 1,799 participants (mean [SD], age 75[6]; 53% women) from the "National Health and Nutrition Survey of Older Adults Aged 65 and Over in Israel", conducted in 2005-2006. A follow-up interview was performed 12-14 years later in a subgroup of 601 subjects (mean [SD], age 84[4]; 56% women). Extensive data including self-reported leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and SES measures were assessed at baseline. Frailty was measured at follow-up.

Results
All SES measures were strongly and positively associated with LTPA (all p&lt;0.001). Eighty-two participants (14%) were classified as frail at follow-up. After age and sex adjustment and accounting for attrition bias using inverse probability weighting, baseline LTPA (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.57-4.90, for inactivity; OR=1.41, 95% CI: 0.75-2.68, for insufficient activity, compared with sufficient activity, Ptrend&lt;0.001) was inversely associated with incident frailty. The association persisted after further adjustment for SES and comorbidity.

Conclusion
Among older individuals, multiple SES measures were positively associated with LTPA, which was a strong predictor of lower subsequent frailty risk.
Acute and long-term mortality rates among participants of mass-participation sport events versus the general population
Authors: Bakker EA , Aengevaeren VL , Eijsvogels TMH 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The work of T.M.H.E is supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation.

Background
Exercise training improves cardiovascular health and lowers the risk for morbidity and mortality. However, an acute bout of exercise transiently increases the risk for sudden death. It is unknown how participation in a mass-participation exercise event impacts mortality risk compared to non-participation.

Purpose
To assess the acute and long-term mortality risk among participants of mass-participation exercise events and to place these risks into perspective.

Methods
Data was collected among participants of Dutch running, cycling and long-distance walking events between 1995 and 2017. We retrieved age, sex, exercise type from the database of event organizers. The survival status and date of death were extracted from the Dutch Population Register (DPR). A time-stratified case-crossover design with an 8-day risk and reference period was used to examine if deceased athletes more frequently participated in mass-participation exercise events at 0 to 8 days before their death compared to the reference period (i.e., 14 to 21 weeks before death). Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We also retrieved controls (i.e., individuals not partaking in mass-participation exercise events) from the DPR (n=211,592) and compared long-term mortality risks between athletes and controls using stratified Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models.

Results
547,014 athletes (age 41 years [Q25 31; Q75 50], 56% male, 72% runners, 11% cyclists) and 211,592 controls (age 41 years [Q25 31; Q75 50], 67% male) were included in this study. Participation in mass-participation exercise events was higher at 0 to 8 days before death (i.e., risk period, n=23 deceased athletes) compared to 14 to 21 days before death (i.e., reference period, n=12 deceased athletes), but the mortality risk was not significantly elevated after participation in an exercise event (OR 1.92; 95%CI 0.95-3.85). During a median follow-up of 3.3 years [Q25 1.1; Q75 4.8], 4,625 (0.8%) athletes and 2,494 (1.2%) controls died. Amateur athletes had a 30% lower risk of death (hazard ratio 0.70; 95% CI 0.67-0.74, Figure 1) compared to controls, after adjustment for age and sex.

Conclusion
Participants of a mass-participation exercise event had a non-significant increased odds of death within 8-days after the event. In contrast, mortality risk was significantly lower for amateur athletes compared to controls from the general population during long-term follow-up, emphasizing that the health benefits of exercise and participation in a mass-participation exercise event outweigh the risks.
Figure 1. Stratified Kaplan-Meier curves with hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for age and sex for amateur athletes compared to controls.
Postexercise hypotension in African and Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bersaoui M , Bisai A , Toelsie J , Goessler K , Baldew SM , Cornelissen VA 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Worldwide, raised blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (HT) is the global leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, with the highest prevalence found in Asian and African-origin populations. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) defined as a sustained reduction in BP after a single bout of exercise is an important physiological phenomenon in BP management which can last up to 24 hours. However, little is known about the hypotensive effect of a single bout of exercise in non-Caucasian populations.

Objectives
To systematically summarize the acute effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in a population of African or Asian origin.

Methods
We searched the MEDLINE database identifying randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise on BP in African or Asian populations with optimal BP, high normal BP or HT published in a peer reviewed journal up to August 2021. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed using random effect models fitted to estimate effect sizes.

Results
We identified 10 aerobic exercise trials of individuals of Asian origin (n= 156; mean age: 27.05 years: 72% male; baseline SBP/DBP: 114.93 [99,142] / 67.34 [61,74] mmHg) and 11 aerobic exercise trials involving individuals of African origin (n=112; mean age: 41.37 years; 62% male; baseline SBP/DBP: 125.77 [106.6,140.2] / 79.72 [69.9, 84.3] mmHg). Non-significant moderate reductions in office SBP and DBP at 30 minutes postexercise (-2.25 [-6.38, 1.88] mmHg, p = 0.28 / -1.02 [-2.51, 0.47] mmHg, p = 0.18) and 60 minutes postexercise (-2.80 [-7.90, 2.28], p = 0.27 / -1.95, [-5.66, 1.75], p = 0.3) were observed compared to control group. No statistically significant differences were found between ethnic groups (p &gt; 0.05). Ambulatory BP was reported only in the African groups. No effect was found on 24h-SBP post-exercise, but 24h-DBP was statistically signficantly reduced (-1.89 [-3.47, -0.31] mmHg, p &lt; 0.01) after a bout of aerobic exercise.

Conclusions
A single bout of aerobic exercise did not significantly reduce BP immediately in the African and Asian group. In the African group a small though statistically significant lower 24h-DBP was observed. Unfortunately, no data was found on the 24h-BP response in Asians. The low number of studies in both ethnic groups and lack of data on isometric and resistance exercise in African and Asian populations warrant more research to improve quality of evidence.
Correlation between maximal aerobic power and longitudinal vital signals during high-intensity activities of daily living
Authors: Frade MCM , Beltrame T , Linares SN , Petronilho A , Sanches GLA , Tonello SCGM , Gois MO , Catai AM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP);Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)

Background
Higher activity levels are linked with better cardiovascular health. Maximum aerobic power (measured by the maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an index of cardiovascular health and represents the maximum ability of the aerobic system to supply energy. Moreover, it is known that high-intensity activities of daily living (hiADL) are associated with higher VO2max, and were three times more beneficial than low-intensity activities, such as light walking. However, little is known about the physiological responses during these hiADL that are associated with better health outcomes. So far, only the levels and intensities of the physical activities have been investigated, but the physiological responses at these activities remain unclear.

Purpose
Verify the associations between VO2max and longitudinal vital signals from wearables during hiADL.

Methods
43 volunteers (32 males, 39.91±15.87 years; 75.41±13.12 kg; 173.67±9.04 cm) with different levels of VO2max (31.08±8.73 ml/kg/min) wore a wearable device (smart t-shirt, Hexoskin) with embedded cardiac, respiratory, and movement sensors to collect unobtrusive data for 7 days (9.31±1.36 hours per day). These sensors continuously measure heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (Vt), hip acceleration (ACC), and walking cadence (Cad). The hiADL were classified based on the Cad response where values higher than 124 steps per minute were labelled as hiADL. At hiADL, the average response for all variables was calculated. Finally, the Pearson or Spearman correlations were computed considering a statistical significance level of 5%.

Results
hiADL corresponded to just 1% of the physical activities (or 35.11±43.30 minutes per week). The average response of the vital signals at hiADL were: HR (118.2±20.36 bpm), BR (30.7±8.0 rpm), VE (52.21±35.54l), Vt (1.63±0.71 l/min), Acc (0.87±0.6g), and Cad (143.69±10.13). The correlations were statistically (p&lt;0.05) high and positive between VO2max and BR, VE, Vt, and Cad; also, moderate, and positive between VO2max and HR and with the percentage of the time spent at hiADL, as described in figure 1.

Conclusion
The VO2max (or cardiovascular health) is related to the time spent in hiADL and with the hemodynamic and respiratory response magnitudes at these high-intensity activities.
Cholesterol and hypertension treatment but not time-dependent covariates or competing risks improve coronary risk prediction: the REGICOR study
Authors: Degano IR , Subirana I , Camps-Vilaro A , Elosua R , Marrugat J , Tizon H , Palomo I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute Agency for Management of University and Research Grants

Background
Cardiovascular (CV) risk functions are the recommended tool to identify high-risk individuals. However, discrimination of CV risk functions is not optimal. While the effect of biomarkers in CV risk prediction has been extensively studied, there is no data of CV risk functions including time-dependent covariates, competing risks and treatments.

Aim
To examine the effect of including time-dependent covariates, competing risks and treatments in CV risk prediction.

Methods
Participants from the REGICOR population cohorts (North-Eastern Spain) aged 35-74 years without previous history of cardiovascular disease were included (n=8,470). Coronary and stroke events, and mortality due to other CV causes or to cancer were recorded during the follow-up (median=12.6 years). A multi-state Markov model was constructed to include competing risks and time-dependent classical risk factors and treatments (2 measurements). This model was compared to Cox models with the basal measurement of classical risk factors, treatments or competing risks. Models were cross-validated and compared by their discrimination (area under the ROC curve), calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test) and reclassification (categorical net reclassification index).

Results
Cancer mortality was the event with the highest cumulative incidence. In coronary event prediction, cholesterol and hypertension treatment addition to classical risk factors, improved significantly discrimination by 2% and reclassification by 7-9%. In stroke event prediction, inclusion of time-dependent covariates decreased significantly discrimination by 3-5%.

Conclusion
Coronary risk prediction improves when cholesterol and hypertension treatment are included in risk functions. Coronary/stroke prediction does not improve with 2 measurements of covariates or with competing risks.
Contributing risk factors overview of high Castelli risk index-i of police officer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ardiana MEITY , Firmanda DWIKA , Sufiyah I , Harsoyo PM , Hermawan HO 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease, many studies have shown that lipid ratios can be used to predict cardiovascular disease more effectively than individual lipid levels.

Objective/Aims
This study aims to evaluate the potential risk factors contributing to high Castelli Risk Index–I (CRI–I) in police officer.

Methods
This observational-descriptive with cross-sectional design study enrolled 3,018 members of East Java police officer. Data was obtained using physical and laboratory examinations that includes systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), low density lipoprotein-C (LDL–C), high density lipoprotein–C (HDL–C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC). BMI was classified into &lt; 25 (normal BMI) and &gt; 25 (higher than normal BMI). High blood pressure (BP) was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. CRI-I was calculated using the formula of TC/HDL–C and was defined &gt;5 as at risk and &lt;5 as normal. Statistics were performed on SPSS version 25 and cross-tabulation test was performed on the CRI–I, BP, and BMI in a table form.

Result
927 (30.7%) respondents had a CRI–I score &gt; 5. Result of the cross-tabulation test of the high CRI–I score with the physical examination showed association with high BP (OR=1.394; p=0.0), and higher than normal BMI (OR=1.184; p=0.043).

Conclusion
There was a significant associations between high CRI-I and high blood pressure and higher than normal BMI among a clinical sample of Police Officers.
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet effects on ventricular premature complexes
Authors: Kuyumcu M S , Kuyumcu A , Ulusan S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Rhythm disturbances in the heart significantly affect the quality of life of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ventricular premature complexes (VPC) and The dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet (DASH) score.

Material-Method
This study was conducted on 50 patients with palpitations who were referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic and had more than 10000 VES per day as a result of a 24-hour holter, and 50 patients who presented with palpitations but had less than 10000 VES in the holter. Three-day food consumption records of the patients were questioned. DASH diet compliance scale was used for patients. The achievement of nine nutrients to the targeted quantities with food consumption records was evaluated by scoring method (between 0 and 9 points). All data were compared between groups.

Results
There was no difference between the two groups in terms of clinical and demographic characteristics. DASH scores were found to below in the VPC group (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant negative correlation found between VPC and DASH diet score (p&lt;0.001, r = -0.458).

Discussion
The protective role of DASH type nutrition on the frequency of VPC was observed in our study. This study, which is one of the limited number of studies examining the relationship between DASH diet and VPC, may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of VPC.