bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of osteoporosis using ensemble deep learning model with panoramic radiographs and clinical covariates
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Fujimura Ai , Taguchi Akira , Yamamoto Norio , Kitamura Akira , Goto Ryosuke , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is becoming a global health issue due to increased life expectancy. However, it is difficult to detect in its early stages owing to a lack of discernible symptoms. Hence, screening for osteoporosis with widely used dental panoramic radiographs would be very cost-effective and useful. In this study, we investigate the use of deep learning to classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. In addition, the effect of adding clinical covariate data to the radiographic images on the identification performance was assessed. For objective labeling, a dataset containing 778 images was collected from patients who underwent both skeletal-bone-mineral density measurement and dental panoramic radiography at a single general hospital between 2014 and 2020. Osteoporosis was assessed from the dental panoramic radiographs using convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including EfficientNet-b0, -b3, and -b7 and ResNet-18, -50, and -152. An ensemble model was also constructed with clinical covariates added to each CNN. The ensemble model exhibited improved performance on all metrics for all CNNs, especially accuracy and AUC. The results show that deep learning using CNN can accurately classify osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, it was shown that the accuracy can be improved using an ensemble model with patient covariates.
Acoustic Change Over Time in Spastic and/or Flaccid Dysarthria in Motor Neuron Diseases
Authors: Lévêque Nathalie , Slis Anneke , Lancia Leonardo , Bruneteau Gaëlle , Fougeron Cécile 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This study aims to investigate acoustic change over time as biomarkers to differentiate among spastic–flaccid dysarthria associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spastic dysarthria associated with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), flaccid dysarthria associated with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and to explore how these acoustic parameters are affected by dysarthria severity.

Method:
Thirty-three ALS patients with mixed flaccid–spastic dysarthria, 17 PLS patients with pure spastic dysarthria, 18 SBMA patients with pure flaccid dysarthria, and 70 controls, all French speakers, were included in the study. Speakers produced vowel–glide sequences targeting different vocal tract shape changes. The mean and coefficient of variation of the total squared change of mel frequency cepstral coefficients were used to capture the degree and variability of acoustic changes linked to vocal tract modifications over time. Differences in duration of acoustic events were also measured.

Results:
All pathological groups showed significantly less acoustic change compared to controls, reflecting less acoustic contrast in sequences. Spastic and mixed spastic–flaccid dysarthric speakers showed smaller acoustic changes and slower sequence production compared to flaccid dysarthria. For dysarthria subtypes associated with a spastic component, reduced degree of acoustic change was also associated with dysarthria severity.

Conclusions:
The acoustic parameters partially differentiated among the dysarthria subtypes in relation to motor neuron diseases. While similar acoustic patterns were found in spastic–flaccid and spastic dysarthria, crucial differences were found between these two subtypes relating to variability. The acoustic patterns were much more variable in ALS. This method forms a promising clinical tool as a diagnostic marker of articulatory impairment, even at mild stage of dysarthria progression in all subtypes.
Theoretical wind clumping predictions from 2D LDI models of O-star winds at different metallicities
Authors: Driessen F. A. , Sundqvist J. O. , Dagore A. 
Published: April 2022

Context.Hot, massive (OB) stars experience strong line-driven stellar winds and mass loss. As the majority of efficient driving lines are metallic, the amount of wind driving and mass loss is dependent on the stellar metallicityZ.In addition, line-driven winds are intrinsically inhomogeneous and clumpy. However, to date, neither theoretical nor empirical studies of line-driven winds have investigated how such wind clumping may also depend onZ.Aims.We theoretically investigated the degree of wind clumping due to the line-deshadowing instability (LDI) as a function ofZMethods.We performed two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the LDI with an assumed one-dimensional radiation line force for a grid of O-star wind models with fixed luminosity, but with different metal contents by varying the accumulative line strengthQ̄describing the total ensemble of driving lines.Results.We find that, for this fixed luminosity, the amount of wind clumping decreases with metallicity. The decrease is clearly seen in the statistical properties of our simulations, but is nonetheless rather weak; a simple power-law fit for the dependence of the clumping factorfcl≡ 〈ρ2〉 / 〈ρ〉2on metallicity yieldsfcl∝Z0.15±0.01. This implies that empirically derived power-law dependencies of mass-loss rateṀon metallicity – which were previously inferred from spectral diagnostics effectively depending onṀ√fclbut without having any constraints onfcl(Z) – should be only modestly altered by clumping. We expect that this prediction can be directly tested using new data from theHubbleSpace Telescope Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project.
Theory of solar oscillations in the inertial frequency range: Linear modes of the convection zone
Authors: Bekki Yuto , Cameron Robert H. , Gizon Laurent 
Published: April 2022

Context. Several types of global-scale inertial modes of oscillation have been observed on the Sun. These include the equatorial Rossby modes, critical-latitude modes, and high-latitude modes. However, the columnar convective modes (predicted by simulations and also known as banana cells or thermal Rossby waves) remain elusive.
Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of turbulent diffusivities, non-adiabatic stratification, differential rotation, and a latitudinal entropy gradient on the linear global modes of the rotating solar convection zone.
Methods. We numerically solved for the eigenmodes of a rotating compressible fluid inside a spherical shell. The model takes into account the solar stratification, turbulent diffusivities, differential rotation (determined by helioseismology), and the latitudinal entropy gradient. As a starting point, we restricted ourselves to a superadiabaticity and turbulent diffusivities that are uniform in space. We identified modes in the inertial frequency range, including the columnar convective modes as well as modes of a mixed character. The corresponding mode dispersion relations and eigenfunctions are computed for azimuthal orders of m ≤ 16.
Results. The three main results are as follows. Firstly, we find that, for m ≳ 5, the radial dependence of the equatorial Rossby modes with no radial node (n = 0) is radically changed from the traditional expectation (rm) for turbulent diffusivities ≳1012 cm2 s−1. Secondly, we find mixed modes, namely, modes that share properties of the equatorial Rossby modes with one radial node (n = 1) and the columnar convective modes, which are not substantially affected by turbulent diffusion. Thirdly, we show that the m = 1 high-latitude mode in the model is consistent with the solar observations when the latitudinal entropy gradient corresponding to a thermal wind balance is included (baroclinically unstable mode).
Conclusions. To our knowledge, this work is the first realistic eigenvalue calculation of the global modes of the rotating solar convection zone. This calculation reveals a rich spectrum of modes in the inertial frequency range, which can be directly compared to the observations. In turn, the observed modes can inform us about the solar convection zone.
Die Ruptur des M. pectoralis major beim Hobbysportler – seltene Verletzung oder oft übersehen?
Authors: Beck Paula , Reinecke Felix , Polan Christina , Meyer Heinz-Lothar , Schoepp Christian , Burggraf Manuel , Dudda Marcel , Mester Bastian 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Ruptur des M. pectoralis major ist ein zwar insgesamt seltenes, bei Athleten vor allem im Kraftsport jedoch immer wieder beschriebenes Verletzungsmuster. Die Gefahr einer solchen Verletzung besteht vor allem während der exzentrischen Phase der Muskelbelastung. Ein Zusammenhang mit dem Missbrauch von anabolen Steroiden wird beschrieben, die Datenlage hierzu ist allerdings inkohärent. Wir berichten über den besonderen Fall eines jungen Patienten mit normalem Habitus, der sich im Rahmen des Breitensports eine humerale Ruptur des M. pectoralis major zugezogen hat. Anamnestisch bestand weder eine exzessive Kraftsportausübung noch ein Anhalt für die Einnahme anaboler Steroide.
Kasuistik Der 33-jährige Patient berichtete über plötzlich einschießende Schmerzen links pektoral beim Training am Butterfly-Gerät sowie ein peitschenartiges Knallgeräusch, danach hätte initial eine schmerzhafte Bewegungseinschränkung des linken Arms bestanden. Klinisch zeigten sich eine leichte Hämatomverfärbung am linksseitigen medialen Oberarm mit lokalem Druckschmerz sowie eine diskrete Asymmetrie der Kontur der Brustmuskulatur. Aufgrund der typischen Anamnese stellten wir trotz eher diskreter Klinik und laut MRT-Befundung inkompletter Ruptur die Indikation zur operativen Exploration. Intraoperativ fand sich eine vollständige Ruptur der Pars sternocostalis des M. pectoralis major mit deutlicher Retraktion und Hämatomeinblutung. Es erfolgte die Armierung und Reinsertion am Footprint mittels Titan-Ankern (2x 5,5mm Corkscrew FT Fa. Arthrex, Florida). Nach Abschluss der Rekonvaleszenzphase konnte der Patient seine sportlichen Aktivitäten auf prätraumatischem Niveau wieder aufnehmen.
Schlussfolgerung Auch bei Breitensportlern muss bei typischer Anamnese an eine Ruptur des Ansatzes des M. pectoralis major gedacht werden. Die in der Literatur beschriebene typische klinische Symptomatik bezieht sich vorwiegend auf Leistungssportler und Bodybuilder; auch beim Breitensportler kann jedoch mittels subtiler Untersuchung eine korrekte Diagnose gestellt werden. Es besteht dennoch eine erhebliche Gefahr, das Ausmaß der Verletzung zu unterschätzen. Im Zweifel sollte auch beim Breitensportler eine zeitnahe operative Exploration erfolgen. Die operative Refixierung der humeralen Ruptur des M. pectoralis major stellt den Goldstandard dar und sollte nicht nur Hochleistungsathleten vorbehalten bleiben.
Recent Advances of LncRNA H19 in Diabetes
Authors: Bi Ye , Wang Yao , Sun Xianglan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to major organs, including the heart, liver,
brain, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels, threatening the health of the
individuals. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs has important
functions in the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as cancers,
neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac fibroblast phenotypes, hypertension, heart
failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Recently, H19, a lncRNA, has been
reported to shown to participate in the regulatory process of muscle
differentiation, glucose metabolism, and tumor metastasis, as well as
endometrial development. However, the roles of H19 in DM were still not
completely understood. This review was conducted to summarize the functions of
H19 in diabetes and discuss the challenges and possible strategies of H19 in
DM.
Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thrombose
Authors: Hart Christina , Linnemann Birgit 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thromboembolie-Risiko Kombinierte hormonelle Kontrazeptiva (KK) erhöhen das VTE-Risiko signifikant. Gestagen-Monopräparate sind mit Ausnahme der 3-Monatsspritze nicht mit einem erhöhten VTE-Risiko assoziiert und können bei Frauen mit vorausgegangener VTE oder thrombophilen Risikofaktoren mit Wunsch nach hormoneller Verhütung angewandt werden.
Individuelle Risikofaktoren und hormonelle Kontrazeption Vor der Verschreibung einer hormonellen Kontrazeption soll eine sorgfältige Erhebung des VTE-Risikos erfolgen. Eine entsprechende Checkliste findet sich auf der Internetseite des BfArM. Eine routinemäßige Testung auf hereditäre Thrombophilie wird nicht empfohlen.
Kontrazeption unter Antikoagulation Orale Antikoagulanzien sind plazentagängig und prinzipiell embryotoxisch und erfordern somit die Anwendung einer sicheren Empfängnisverhütung. Eine häufige Nebenwirkung unter oraler Antikoagulanzientherapie ist das Auftreten einer Hypermenorrhö. Die hormonelle Kontrazeption kann bei bestehender Antikoagulation auch mit einem Kombinationspräparat fortgeführt werden, sofern spätestens 6 Wochen vor Beendigung der Antikoagulation die Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption erfolgt.
Hormonassoziierte VTE und Rezidivrisiko VTE, die bei Frauen unter Verwendung von hormonellen Kontrazeptiva aufgetreten sind, gelten als provozierte Ereignisse. Das Rezidivrisiko einer hormonassoziierten VTE ist nach Absetzen der Antikoagulation und Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption gering, sodass eine Antikoagulationsdauer von 3–6 Monaten in der Regel ausreichend ist. Nach hormonassoziierter VTE wird während einer künftigen Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett eine medikamentöse VTE-Prophylaxe empfohlen.
When winners win, and losers lose: are altruistic views on immigration always affordable?
Authors: Rhein Susanne , Spilker Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe existing literature postulates that individual-level attitudes toward immigration are partly determined via the effect of immigration on the labor market. In particular, the labor market competition hypothesis states that natives should oppose immigrants with similar qualifications because they threaten their jobs. Empirical findings, however, partly contradict this expectation. In this paper, we argue that one needs to evaluate immigration attitudes in a broader context since the impact of immigration should be mediated by actual job market competition. In industrialized countries, the arrival of high-skilled immigrants happens against a background in which economic globalization positively affects the demand for high-skilled labor. Thus, the influx of high-skilled immigrants should rarely increase job market competition. The opposite occurs for low-skilled workers, for which labor market insecurity is enhanced by both economic globalization and immigration. We find some support for our argument using micro-level data from 19 European countries.
Observation of a four-spin solid effect
Authors: Tan Kong Ooi , Griffin Robert G. 
Published: April 2022

The two-spin solid effect (2SSE) is one of the established continuous wave dynamic nuclear polarization mechanisms that enables enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals. It functions via a state-mixing mechanism that mediates the excitation of forbidden transitions in an electron–nuclear spin system. Specifically, microwave irradiation at frequencies ωμw ∼ ω0S ± ω0I, where ω0S and ω0I are electron and nuclear Larmor frequencies, respectively, yields enhanced nuclear spin polarization. Following the recent rediscovery of the three-spin solid effect (3SSE) [Tan et al., Sci. Adv. 5, eaax2743 (2019)], where the matching condition is given by ωμw = ω0S ± 2ω0I, we report here the first direct observation of the four-spin solid effect (4SSE) at ωμw = ω0S ± 3ω0I. The forbidden double- and quadruple-quantum transitions were observed in samples containing trityl radicals dispersed in a glycerol–water mixture at 0.35 T/15 MHz/9.8 GHz and 80 K. We present a derivation of the 4SSE effective Hamiltonian, matching conditions, and transition probabilities. Finally, we show that the experimental observations agree with the results from numerical simulations and analytical theory.
Demonstrating acoustic camouflage with ultrasonic sensors in the laboratory
Authors: Neel Matthew S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Similar to how stealth materials were developed to reduce the radar wave energy returning from an aircraft, here we explore a low-cost laboratory demonstration that uses similar principles to prevent detection of an object by an ultrasonic sensor. This demonstration setup can be used as a starting point to encourage students to explore the surface properties of materials and the ways in which ultrasonic ranging sensors operate.
Striations in dual-low-frequency (2/10 MHz) driven capacitively coupled CF4 plasmas
Authors: Wang Xiao-Kun , Wang Xiang-Yu , Liu Yong-Xin , Schulze Julian , Donkó Zoltán , Wang You-Nian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In electronegative radiofrequency plasmas, striations (STRs) can appear if the bulk plasma is dominated by positive and negative ions that can react to the driving frequency. Here, we investigate such self-organized structures in dual-frequency (2/10 MHz) capacitively coupled CF4 plasmas by phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations. This choice of the frequencies is made to ensure that the ions can react to both the lower (2 MHz, ‘low frequency’, LF) and the higher (10 MHz, ‘high frequency’, HF) components of the excitation waveform. A strong interplay of the two excitation components is revealed. As the STRs appear in the plasma bulk, their number depends on the length of this region. By increasing the LF voltage, ϕ
LF, the sheath widths at both electrodes increase, the bulk is compressed and the number of STRs decreases. The maximum ion density decreases slightly as a function of ϕ
LF, too, due to the compressed plasma bulk, while the minimum of the ion density remains almost constant. The spatio-temporal distributions of the excitation and ionization rates are modulated both by the LF and HF with maxima that occur at the first HF period that follows the complete sheath collapse at a given electrode. These maxima are caused by a high local ambipolar electric field. At a given phase within a HF period the current density is different at different phases within the LF period because of frequency coupling. The LF components of the F− ion velocity and of the electric field are much lower than the respective HF components due to the lower LF component of the displacement current in the sheaths. The LF component of the total current is dominated by the ion current at low values of ϕ
LF but by the electron current at high values. The HF component of the total current is dominated by the electron current and decreases slightly as a function of ϕ
LF.
Theory of non-equilibrium ‘hot’ carriers in direct band-gap semiconductors under continuous illumination
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Un Ieng-Wai , Sivan Yonatan , Dubi Yonatan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The interplay between the illuminated excitation of carriers and subsequent thermalization and recombination leads to the formation of non-equilibrium distributions for the ‘hot’ carriers and to heating of both electrons, holes and phonons. In spite of the fundamental and practical importance of these processes, there is no theoretical framework which encompasses all of them and provides a clear prediction for the non-equilibrium carrier distributions. Here, a self-consistent theory accounting for the interplay between excitation, thermalization, and recombination in continuously-illuminated semiconductors is presented, enabling the calculation of non-equilibrium carrier distributions. We show that counter-intuitively, distributions deviate more from equilibrium under weak illumination than at high intensities. We mimic two experimental procedures to extract the carrier temperatures and show that they yield different dependence on illumination. Finally, we provide an accurate way to evaluate photoluminescence efficiency, which, unlike conventional models, predicts correctly the experimental results. These results provide a starting point towards examining how non-equilibrium features will affect properties hot-carrier based application.
Highly absorptive and mechanically stable double perovskites Cs2SnI6 and Cs2SnKrI6
Authors: Soni Yashaswi , Agrawal Rohit , Pachori Sanjay , Shukla Akash , Verma Ajay Singh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Numerous double perovskites have demonstrated their astonishing potential in several optoelectronic and optical communication areas. Cs2SnI6 has also attracted attention because of its unique vacancy-ordered structure. However, Cs2SnI6 fitted them as good absorbing material still we have attempted to dope Kr atom at the vacancy site to intensify absorption. Herein, we have enumerated the structural, electronic, optical, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of Cs2SnI6 and Cs2SnKrI6. All these physical properties have been computed using density functional theory based Wien2K simulation code. Cs2SnKrI6 exhibits the indirect band gap of ∼ 1.36 eV and direct band gap of ∼ 1.37 eV. Cs2SnI6 and Cs2SnKrI6 both are optically active in visible and near-infrared regions with high absorption. The optical conductivity and power factor are also increased to a substantial level after doping. We have studied the elastic properties to examine the mechanical stability of these materials. We have found B/G ratio of 2.64 and 2.07 for Cs2SnI6 and Cs2SnKrI6 respectively, which demonstrates the ductile nature. After getting these constructive results, we have concluded that power conversion efficiency will also stimulate up to a great extent by doping.
Multiple-image encryption algorithm based on genetic central dogma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiang , Tian Jingxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A large number of images are generated and distributed in various fields every day. To protect the image information from being stolen during the network transmission, this paper proposes a multiple-image encryption algorithm based on genetic central dogma and three-dimensional (3D) bit planes. This paper simulates the genetic central dogma and defines the 3D bit planes. Firstly, k original images are transformed into 8-bit binary and converted into a 3D matrix; secondly, the 3D matrix is permutated by rotating the bit plane and performing permutation among the bit planes; thirdly, we encode the scrambled 3D matrix into DNA codes. The diffusion is realized by imitating the genetic central dogma and introducing RNA mutations; finally, the encrypted images are obtained by the RNA decoding operation. Experimental results and algorithm analyses indicate that the proposed algorithm has strong security and desirable performance.