bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Governance Antagonisms: Policy Stability and Repoliticization
Authors: Paterson Matthew , Tobin Paul , VanDeveer Stacy D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this forum, we highlight a discord in strategies around climate change policy and politics. On one hand, there is widespread concern for the pursuit of climate policy stability: stability in the design of policy and institutions, but particularly making policy and institutional development irreversible. However, much recent literature has revived an insistence on the inevitability of political conflict for pursuing the often large transitions needed to mitigate and adapt to accelerating climate change. Here, addressing climate change requires conflict, to weaken the power of incumbent actors that have blocked ambitious climate policy enactment for decades. Scholarship deploying each perspective tends to explicitly accept the need for radical sociotechnical transformations to address the climate crisis, but each entails radically different approaches to how to pursue decarbonization. The article outlines a research agenda focused on thinking about how these two apparently contradictory dynamics in climate politics interact, to advance our understanding of what sorts of strategies might open up political space for rapid transformations.
From Progress to Delay: The Quest for Data in the Negotiations on Greenhouse Gases in the International Maritime Organization
Authors: Aalbu Kjersti , Longva Tore 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines the quest for data in the negotiations on the reduction of greenhouse gases in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) from 2012 to 2020. We find that the collection of data was invoked in two different manners: holding back decision-making on emission-reduction regulations and helping the greenhouse gas negotiations move forward out of gridlock. We draw on insights from literature in science and technology studies on the politics of data and boundary objects to explore how these strategies are entangled over time. We argue that aligning around data collection and an ambiguous “three-step approach” to decision-making initially facilitated collaboration between IMO delegations despite disagreement on details. We examine how the three-step approach later morphs into what we call a mechanism for delay over the course of the negotiation period, challenging regulatory development at the pace required by opening for continuous calls for more data.
Transmission of Income Variations to Consumption Variations: The Role of the Firm
Authors: Jin Miao , Liu Yu-Jane , Meng Juanjuan , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We use matched employer-employee data to study the role of the firm in the transmission of income growth into consumption growth. We find that growth in income relative to the firm average (the within-firm component) translates significantly less into consumption than growth in firm average income (the between-firm component). These findings are explained by the lower persistence of the within-firm component of income, better self-insurance for workers more exposed to variations in income growth from the within-firm component, and peer effects in the workplace. Quantitatively, income persistence provides 43% of the explanatory power, self-insurance provides 35%, and peer effects provide 22%.
Fiscal Multipliers and Financial Crises
Authors: Faria-e-Castro Miguel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I study the effects of the U.S. fiscal policy response to the Great Recession, accounting for both standard tools and financial sector interventions. A nonlinear model calibrated to the United States allows me to study the state-dependent effects of different fiscal policies. I combine the model with data on the fiscal policy response to find that the fall in consumption would have been one-third larger in the absence of that response, for a cumulative loss of 7.18%. Transfers and bank recapitalizations yielded the largest fiscal multipliers through new transmission channels that arise from linkages between household and bank balance sheets.
Migration and Knowledge Diffusion: The Effect of Returning Refugees on Export Performance in the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Bahar Dany , Hauptmann Andreas , Özgüzel Cem , Rapoport Hillel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the early 1990s, Germany offered temporary protection to 700,000 Yugoslavian refugees fleeing war. By 2000, many had been repatriated. We exploit this natural experiment to investigate the role of returning migrants in boosting export performance upon their return. Using confidential German administrative data, we find that industries with 10% more returning refugees exhibit larger exports between the pre- and postwar periods by 1% to 1.6%. We use exogenous allocation rules for asylum seekers within Germany as an instrument to deal with endogeneity concerns. We show evidence pointing to productivity shifts as the main mechanism behind our results. Consistently, we find our results are driven by refugees in occupations more likely to transfer knowledge, technologies, and best practices.
Empirical Decomposition of the IV-OLS Gap with Heterogeneous and Nonlinear Effects
Authors: Ishimaru Shoya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study proposes an econometric framework to interpret and empirically decompose the difference between instrumental variables (IV) and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates given by a linear regression model when the true causal effects of the treatment are nonlinear in treatment levels and heterogeneous across covariates. I show that the IV-OLS coefficient gap consists of three estimable components: the difference in weights on the covariates, the difference in weights on the treatment levels, and the difference in identified marginal effects that arises from endogeneity bias. Applications of this framework to return-to-schooling estimates demonstrate the empirical relevance of this distinction in properly interpreting the IV-OLS gap.
Tracking Weekly State-Level Economic Conditions
Authors: Baumeister Christiane , Leiva-León Danilo , Sims Eric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a novel dataset of weekly economic conditions indices for the 50 U.S. states going back to 1987 based on mixed-frequency dynamic factor models with weekly, monthly, and quarterly variables that cover multiple dimensions of state economies. We find considerable cross-state heterogeneity in the length, depth, and timing of business cycles. We illustrate the usefulness of these state-level indices for quantifying the main contributors to the economic collapse caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and for evaluating the effectiveness of the Paycheck Protection Program. We also propose an aggregate indicator that gauges the overall weakness of the U.S. economy.
Assessment of the Clinical Use of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials and the Video Head Impulse Test in the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Berkiten Güler , Tutar Belgin , Atar Sevgi , Kumral Tolgar Lütfi , Saltürk Ziya , Akan Onur , Sari Hüseyin , Onaran Öykü , Biltekin Tuna Ömür , Uyar Yavuz 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To explore the usefulness of vestibular tests including “ vestibular evoked myogenic potentials” (VEMPs) and the video head impulse test (vHIT) in the early diagnosis of “ idiopathic Parkinson’s disease” (PD). Materials and methods: The study involved 80 participants including 40 patients (24 males, 16 females; age average 63.20 ± 7.94 years) with PD and 40 healthy individuals (18 males and 22 females; age average of 60.36 ± 7.68 years). The Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale was used to measure how Parkinson’s symptoms progress and the level of disability. Patients with PD underwent cVEMPs, oVEMPs, and vHIT and the results were compared with those of 40 age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. vHIT results and VEMP responses were registered in all patients and HCs. Results: One-sided absent cVEMP responses were found in 6 (15%) patients with PD and 8 (20%) patients had bilaterally absent responses. Five (12.5%) patients had 1-sided absent oVEMP responses and it was bilateral in 6 (15%). Patients with PD had significantly shorter cVEMP P1, N1 latency, lower cVEMP amplitudes, and oVEMP amplitudes than the HC group. The cVEMP and oVEMP amplitude asymmetry ratio was significantly higher in the PD group ( P < .05). Evaluation of vHIT results and vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain between the groups revealed that anterior canal and posterior canal VOR gains results were remarkably lower in the PD group than in the HCs ( P < .05). There was no difference in right and left lateral canal VOR gains between the groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that cVEMP and vHIT can be used to evaluate the vestibular system in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease.
Effects of HMGA2 gene silencing on cell cycle and apoptosis in the metastatic renal carcinoma cell line ACHN
Authors: Chen Qian , Fu Qizhong , Pu Lin , Liu Xianfeng , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2022

Objective To explore the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Methods The renal carcinoma cell line ACHN was transiently transfected with small interfering RNA to knock down the expression of the HMGA2 gene. Cell cycle analysis was undertaken using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and caspase-9 were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results The mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2 were significantly higher in renal carcinoma cell lines compared with the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HKC. After HMGA2 gene-specific silencing, more cells entered the G0/G1 phase, while fewer cells entered the G2/M phase; and the cells exhibited early and late apoptosis. HMGA2 gene-specific silencing significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of E2F1, cyclin D1, CDK6 and Bcl-2; and increased the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusion The HMGA2 gene may be involved in the tumorigenesis and development of renal cancer, thus inhibiting HMGA2 gene expression might provide a potential therapeutic target in the future.
Celiac disease may be rare among children in South China
Authors: Liang Cui-ping , Geng Lan-Lan , Chen Pei-Yu , Li Hui-Wen , Ren Lu , Gong Si-Tang 
Published: February 2022

Objective The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies geographically and ethnically; however, the prevalence among children in South China remains unknown. We therefore determined the occurrence of CD among Chinese children in South China. Methods Serum samples were collected from children and assessed for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (anti-tTG-IgA) and total IgA. Anti-tTG-IgA+ participants underwent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 determination. Samples with serum total IgA <0.05 g/L were also analyzed for anti-tTG-IgG, and for HLA-DQ2/DQ8 if the values were above borderline. Participants who were anti-tTG-IgA/IgG+ and HLA-DQ2+ and/or HLA-DQ8+ underwent small bowel biopsy. Results A total of 8794 children were enrolled, of whom 479 had chronic unexplained abdominal symptoms. Three (0.034%) children were anti-tTG-IgA+ and ten (0.114%) had serum total IgA <0.05 g/L, all of whom were anti-tTG-IgG−. The three positive children were all HLA-DQ2+ and/or HLA-DQ8+. Two underwent gastroscopy, and histopathology of small intestinal biopsy showed duodenal villous blunting in one and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes in the other, neither consistent with a diagnosis of CD. Conclusion Our study showed a prevalence of CD autoimmunity of 0.034% and failed to identify any cases of CD, suggesting a low prevalence of CD among children in South China.
Mg–6Zn alloys promote the healing of intestinal anastomosis via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in regulation of collagen metabolism as compared with titanium alloys
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Luyan , Zhang Xiaonong , Zhang Shaoxiang , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2022

There is a great clinical need for biodegradable materials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium alloy stapler nails on intestinal anastomosis healing mediated via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, as reflected in collagen metabolism in rabbits. Side-to-side ileo-ileostomy was performed with linear stapler loaded with the two nails. The results showed that no obvious postoperative complications such as abdominal infection and anastomotic leakage were observed. General observation and scanning electron microscope showed that Mg–6Zn alloy nails remained intact in the first week, degraded significantly in the second week, and were little left in the third week, while the titanium alloy nails showed intact substrate throughout the experimental period. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of TGF-β1 in Mg–6Zn alloy group was higher than that in titanium alloy group after 1 week, but it increased slowly, arrived at a lower level in the third week. Collagen I showed an increased expression in Mg–6Zn alloy group, but decreased with time in titanium alloy group. An enhanced expression of collagen III in Mg–6Zn alloy group in the first week but much lower in the third week as compared to the titanium alloy group. The expression of smad2 in Mg–6Zn alloy group maintained a steady level, while in titanium alloy group it showed a general upward trend. The expression of smad3 in both groups held steady after 2 weeks, then in the third week, it showed a strong uptrend in Mg–6Zn alloy group, while decreased immediately in titanium alloy group. Our findings suggest that Mg–6Zn alloy nails degraded significantly within 3 weeks and could provide stability of intestinal anastomosis in the reconstruction of intestinal tract. TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may play a role in regulation of baseline collagen synthesis throughout the process.
Dose dependent slurred speech and laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia due to oxaliplatin
Authors: Varghese Diana , Castelino Renita , Simha Vijay , Krishnamurthy Manjunath Nookala , Gota Vikram 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Oxaliplatin is a platinum containing alkylating agent commonly used in the management of colorectal cancers. The most common dose-limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is peripheral neuropathy, which can be severe enough to cause treatment discontinuation. We present a case of dysarthria and laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia (LPD) that developed during the first dose of oxaliplatin, which showed dose-dependent reduction in severity in subsequent cycles. Case report A 52-year-old female patient with adenocarcinoma of rectum (pT4N2M0) was prescribed oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) and capecitabine(2000mg/m2). She developed heaviness in the tongue, slurred speech, jaw pain, perioral paresthesia within 30 min after the end of 3 h infusion of oxaliplatin in the first cycle. The symptoms subsided without any sequelae in two days. However, in the subsequent cycles as the dose of the oxaliplatin was reduced, similar symptoms reappeared but were of reduced in severity. No dysesthesia symptoms were observed in the 4th cycle when the oxaliplatin was administered at 85 mg/m2. Management and outcome As and when the patient developed symptoms – slurred speech, jaw pain during the first three cycles, she was managed with inj. Hydrocortisone (100 mg i.v.) and one ampoule of pheniramine (45 mg i.v.). Discussion Occurrence of laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia due to oxaliplatin does not warrant drug withdrawal, dose titration can be helpful, thereby preventing the drug withdrawal for the patient management.
Endovascular Surgery of Descending Thoracic Aorta Involved in T4 Lung Tumor
Authors: Di Tommaso Luigi , Di Tommaso Ettorino , Giordano Raffaele , Mileo Emilio , Santini Mario , Pilato Emanuele , Iannelli Gabriele 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Surgical treatment of primary lung T4 tumors is controversial especially when the cancer invades the mediastinal structures or the descending thoracic aorta. Conventional surgical treatment is associated with a high perioperative mortality and morbidity rate. Thoracic EndoVascular Aortic Repair has emerged as a valid off-label alternative to conventional surgery. We aimed to assess perioperative and midterm aortic-related outcome of patients who have undergone aortic stent-graft implantation, followed by en bloc surgical treatment of the involved aorta and lung cancer resection. Materials and Methods: From July 2017 to May 2020, we treated 5 patients diagnosed with a T4 lung cancer by the involvement of the descending thoracic aorta. When only the descending thoracic aorta is involved, a 2-stage procedure was considered, with aortic stent-graft implantation performed before tumor resection. One-stage strategy, with stent-graft implantation carried out before thoracotomy, was preferred for patients with the involvement of cardiac and/or other vascular mediastinal structures. Results: The mean age was 58.4 ± 6.2 years. All patients were affected by non–small cell lung cancer. All 5 patients required a single stent-graft to completely cover the involved segment of aorta. Four patients underwent a 2-stage procedure. One patient, with the involvement of the left inferior pulmonary vein, required a 1-stage en bloc resection of the left lower lobe, aortic wall adventitia, left inferior pulmonary vein, and reconstruction of the left atrial wall. Primary procedural success was achieved in all. At follow-up, no patient developed aortic-related complications. One patient died 2 years after surgery, due to local recurrence of the tumor. Conclusion: T4 lung resection combined with aortic stent-graft implantation can be safely performed. Endovascular surgery, by avoiding the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping, and graft replacement, can reduce significant morbidity and mortality rate. Postoperative and long-term outcome of these patients treated with endovascular surgery is mainly related to pulmonary disease, not to aortic treatment.
Ovarian cancer surgery in Germany: An analysis of the nationwide hospital file 2005–2015
Authors: Trocchi Pietro , Mach Pawel , Kimmig Karl Rainer , Stang Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Nationwide hospitalization data on the surgical management of ovarian cancer are scant. We assessed type of surgery, surgical approach, length of stay, surgery-related complications and in-hospital mortality among women with ovarian cancer in Germany. We analyzed nationwide hospitalization file of 2005 through 2015 including 77,589 ovarian cancer-related hospitalizations associated with ovarian surgery. Methods: We calculated the relative frequency of the surgical approaches by type of surgery and calendar time. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate relative risk of in-hospital mortality (including 95% confidence intervals) according to complications. About 63% of the hospitalizations included an additional hysterectomy besides ovariectomy. Results: About 85% of the surgeries were performed by laparotomy. However, from 2005–2006 through 2013–2015, the proportion of laparoscopic ovariectomies (±salpingectomy) increased from 14% to 35%. The in-hospital mortality risks for laparotomic and laparoscopic surgery were 2.9% and 0.4%, respectively. Adjusted mortality risk ratios varied from 1.35 (95% confidence interval = 0.94–1.94) for bleedings requiring blood transfusion to 3.65 (95% confidence interval = 3.31–4.03) for postoperative infections. Conclusion: We observed a tendency away from laparotomy toward laparoscopy for ovariectomies (±salpingectomy) over time. Compared with laparotomy, laparoscopy was associated with lower risk of complications and death. All complications studied were associated with higher in-hospital mortality risk.
High parity is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies
Authors: Tekalegn Yohannes , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Woldeyohannes Demelash , Atlaw Daniel , Degno Sisay , Desta Fikreab , Bekele Kebebe , Aseffa Tesfaye , Gezahegn Habtamu , Kene Chala 
Published: February 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. High parity has long been suspected with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Evidence from the existing epidemiological studies regarding the association between parity and cervical cancer is variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the best available evidence on the epidemiological association between parity and cervical cancer. Methods: Case–control studies reporting the association between parity and cervical cancer were systematically searched in databases like MEDLINE/PubMed, HINARI, Google scholar, Science direct, and Cochrane Libraries. All studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and published between 2000 and 7 March 2020 were included in this meta-analysis. This study reported according to PRISMA guideline. Cochran’s Q-statistics and I2 tests were performed to assess heterogeneity among included studies. Egger’s regression analysis was performed to assess publication bias. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to compute pooled odds ratio of the association between parity and cervical cancer. Results: A total of 6685 participants (3227 patients and 3458 controls) were incorporated in the 12 studies included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that women with high parity had 2.65 times higher odds of developing cervical cancer compared to their counterparts (odds ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval = 2.08–3.38). Conclusion: High parity is positively associated with cervical cancer. Strong epidemiological studies are recommended to further explore the mechanisms and role of parity in the causation of cervical cancer.