bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bluthochdruck und Omega-3 – studienbasierte Zusammenhänge?
Authors: Engelbert Christian W. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie essenzielle Rolle von Omega-3-Fettsäuren erlangt immer größere Bekanntheit und Akzeptanz. Regelmäßig fragen nun Patienten, ob Omega-3 auch gegen Bluthochdruck helfe. Welche seriösen Empfehlungen können den Patienten dazu an die Hand gegeben werden? Mittlerweile liegen zahlreiche Studien vor, die die Wirksamkeit und Tragweite von Omega-3-Fettsäuren beweisen. Vor der Betrachtung des Themas Bluthochdruck und Omega-3 greift der Artikel die Fettsäuren sowie die beiden Gruppen der bedeutsamen Omega-Fettsäuren heraus, beleuchtet diese näher und geht auch auf die beiden neuesten Studien JELIS und REDUCE-IT ein.
Fettleber, Prädiabetes und Arteriosklerose – Darmmikrobiom als Marker und Therapieziel
Authors: Ellwanger Thomas 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der westlichen Welt leiden immer mehr Menschen an einer Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) und an Typ-2-Diabetes 1. Dabei sind es nicht immer „die Dicken“, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für Wohlstandserkrankungen haben. Falsche Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Stress verändern auch bei scheinbar Gesunden die Darmmikrobiota, die über ihre Metaboliten und Oberflächenmoleküle den menschlichen Stoffwechsel negativ beeinflussen kann. Mit der Therapie des intestinalen Ökosystems und damit der Mikrobiota-Darm-Leber-Achse sowie der Mikrobiota-Darm-Stoffwechsel-Achse können erfreuliche Verbesserungen – ja sogar Remissionen – drohender Stoffwechselentgleisungen sowie Fettlebererkrankungen erreicht werden. Hilfreich erweist sich dabei die gezielte Diagnostik umfangreicher Störeinflüsse der intestinalen Mikrobiota – anhand funktioneller Gruppen, Schlüsselorganismen und ihrer Stoffwechselprodukte mittels des KyberBiom und der CardioHeparMetabolic-Erweiterung.
Ethical Aspects of Prenatal DNA Testing
Authors: Stanić Žana , Hrgović Zlatko , Fureš Rajko , Vusić Iva , Lagančić Marko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) first-trimester screening for fetal aneuploidies, as a
non-invasive, safe, and rather accurate method, has changed prenatal screening
policies all over the world. Owing to aggressive marketing, cfDNA screening
tests exhibit global popularity and a rapid spread in routine prenatal care.
However, wide availability of the tests, together with observed difficulties in
the test’s interpretation, bring to light several serious ethical
concerns. To date it is vital to identify and address the most important
ethical, legal, and social issues regarding prenatal screening tests.
Furthermore, guidelines and restrictions in certain cfDNA screening advancements
that may provide information regarding fetal genetic traits of unknown clinical
significance, conditions with variable penetrance, or late-onset conditions,
should be considered.
Kräuter aus Sicht der TCM gegen Blutstagnationen zur Behandlung chronischer Durchblutungsstörungen
Authors: Ploberger Florian 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEntsprechend dem Thema „Durchblutungsstörungen“ sollen im folgenden Artikel zwei TCM-Rezepturen und ihre Entsprechungen aus westlichen Kräutern, die Blutstagnationen entgegenwirken und somit zur Behandlung chronischer Durchblutungsstörungen eingesetzt werden können, vorgestellt werden.
A Method for Pyrrole Synthesis through Intramolecular Cyclization of γ-Alkynyl Oximes Promoted by SmI2
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Wang Yiqiong , Zhang Lingyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of pyrrole through intramolecular cyclization of γ-alkynyl oximes promoted by SmI2 is reported for the first time. In contrast to the prior methods, the selection of oxime instead of oxime ether or ester as substrate makes the synthetic method without accompaniment of organic waste (ArCO2H, AcOH, or ROH) because the hydroxyl group in oxime acts as the leaving group and is finally removed in the form of water molecule in the reaction. From a synthetic point of view, a series of pyrroles were obtained in this one-pot reaction with a broad scope of substrates and feasible reaction conditions.
A Consecutive Ring-Expansion Strategy towards the Macrocyclic Core of the Solomonamide Natural Products
Authors: Unsworth William P. , Yang Zhongzhen , Swanson Christopher R. B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA synthetic strategy based on the application of three consecutive ring-expansion reactions has been used in the synthesis of analogues of the macrocyclic core of the solomonamide natural products. Starting from a simple, readily available tetrahydrocarbazole, oxidative ring expansion is followed by two further 3- and 4-atom ring-expansion reactions, enabling the insertion of amino acid and hydroxy acid derived linear fragments into 15- to 17-membered-ring-enlarged macrocyclic products.
A 360 Evaluation of Neonatal Care Quality at a Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit when Delivered Using a Hybrid Telemedicine Service
Authors: Hallford Henry G. , Szyld Edgardo , McCoy Michael , Makkar Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

Objective In 2013, the Section of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine at the University of Oklahoma's Children's Hospital began providing advanced care to a regional level II neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), using a hybrid telemedicine program. This project compares health care providers' and parents' assessments of health care quality using this program.
Study Design This is a prospective, anonymous, nonrandomized survey of health care providers and parents of neonates using our hybrid telemedicine services. Physicians, neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs), nurses, and parents completed pencil-and-paper surveys based on their participatory roles. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained at OU Medical Center and Comanche County Memorial Hospital. Surveys consisted of 5-point Likert's scale questions. Descriptive statistics compared the level of agreement with each question across participant groups. A service quality (SQ) composite score was created by summing responses from six SQ questions. Between-group analysis was done on the SQ score using the Mann–Whitney U-test.
Results Nine physicians, 10 NNPs, 12 nurses, and 40 parents completed the survey. Providers agreed (90%) that telemedicine can effectively deliver advanced neonatal care; the care patients receive is comparable to direct patient care (87%); telemedicine enhanced overall patient care quality (90%); providers can effectively interact with each other and families using telemedicine (90.3%), and overall telemedicine experience was good (90%). In total, 61% of providers reported telemedicine improves physician-patient interaction. Parents of newborns agreed that they were well informed about telemedicine use for their child's care (88%), were able to communicate routinely with neonatologists (85%), and were comfortable with their child's physical examinations (93%). Provider's versus family's (SQ) score was not significantly different.
Conclusion All survey participants, including neonatologists, NNPs, nurses, and patient families, reported high levels of satisfaction with the hybrid telemedicine model developed and implemented at this institution which may be comparable to in-person direct patient care.
Key Points
Just-in-Time Electronic Health Record Retraining to Support Clinician Redeployment during the COVID-19 Surge
Authors: Jin Da P. , Samuel Sunil , Bowden Kristin , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background In response to surges in demand for intensive care unit (ICU) care related to the COVID-19 pandemic, health care systems have had to increase hospital capacity. One institution redeployed certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) as ICU clinicians, which necessitated training in ICU-specific electronic health record (EHR) workflows prior to redeployment. Under time- and resource-constrained settings, clinical informatics (CI) fellows could effectively be lead instructors for such training.
Objective This study aimed to deploy CI fellows as lead EHR instructional trainers for clinician redeployment as part of an organization's response to disaster management.
Methods CI fellows led a multidisciplinary team alongside subject matter experts to develop and deploy a tailored EHR curriculum comprising in-person classes and online video modules, leveraging high-fidelity simulated patient cases. The participants completed surveys immediately after the in-person training session and after deployment.
Results Eighteen CRNAs participated, with 15 completing the postactivity survey (83%). All felt the training was useful and improved their EHR skills with a Net Promoter score of +87. Most (93%) respondents indicated the pace of the session was “just right,” and 100% felt the clarity of instruction was “just right” or “extremely easy” to understand. Twelve participants (67%) completed the postdeployment survey. The training increased comfort in the ICU for all respondents, and 91% felt the training prepared them to work in the ICU with minimal guidance. All stated that the concepts learned would be useful in their anesthesia role. Fifty-eight percent viewed the online video library.
Conclusion This case report demonstrates that CI fellows with dual domain expertise in their clinical specialty and informatics are uniquely poised to deliver clinician redeployment EHR training in response to operational crises. Such opportunities can achieve fellowship educational goals while conserving physician resources which can be a strategic option as organizations plan for disaster management.
Current Landscape of Uveitis Specialists in the United States
Authors: Tsui Edmund , Crowell Eric L. , Gangaputra Sapna , Moussa Kareem , Shantha Jessica G. , Shusko Alexander J. , Thompson Ian A. , Pham Derek C. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Venkat Arthi G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose This study characterizes the current landscape of uveitis specialists and their practice settings in the United States.
Methods An anonymous Internet-based survey with questions pertaining to training history and practice characteristics was distributed via REDCap to the American Uveitis Society and Young Uveitis Specialists listservs.
Results Forty-eight uveitis specialists in the United States responded to the survey out of 174 uveitis specialists that identify as practicing in the United States. Twenty-five of 48 respondents (52%) completed an additional fellowship. These additional fellowships ranged from surgical retina (12/25, 48%), cornea (8/25, 32%), and medical retina (4/25, 16%). Two-thirds of uveitis specialists managed their own immunosuppression, while one-third comanaged immunosuppression with rheumatologists. Thirty-three of 48 (69%) maintained a surgical practice.
Conclusion This is the first survey of uveitis specialists across the United States to provide understanding into training and practice characteristics. These data will provide insight into career planning, practice building, and assist in resource allocation.
Improved resonance method for fatigue test of full-scale wind turbine blades
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Shi Jinlei , Ma Yi , Xu Xiufeng 
Published: August 2022

To further reduce the power of exciter in the common fatigue testing methods and increase the testing frequency to decrease the fatigue testing time, this paper proposes an improved fatigue testing method—Tug Fatigue Testing system (TFTs). The advantages of this new fatigue testing method are low power and high testing frequency of its exciter due to no exciter with moving masses attached to the blade. In TFTs, exciters mounted on the ground or fixed bracket can be used to excite the blade in the uniaxial or biaxial fatigue test. In this paper, the mechanical model of TFTs is established to compare the motor power required by exciters in TFTs and the inertial exciters and the shear load on the blades in both ways. Furthermore, a test of a 56.5 m blade will be performed to verify the feasibility of the new method. In addition, the bending moment distribution of an 80 m blade excited by TFTs was measured and compared with the bending moment distribution of the same blade excited by inertial resonance excitation to evaluate its excitation effect. The test results prove that this improved method needs lower power of exciter, produces smaller shear loads, and provides a higher test frequency in the flap-wise test direction than common inertial resonance excitation. Biaxial fatigue tests can also be conducted by this new method.
Development of a controlled-atmosphere, rapid-cooling cryogenic chamber for tribological and mechanical testing
Authors: Vaught Louis , Tsigkis Vasilis , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: August 2022

Mechanical testing of seals, bearing materials, and mechanisms in cryogenic environments is a rapidly growing field of research, as it promises improvements in equipment performance and reliability for applications such as space exploration, liquid hydrocarbon storage, and superconducting devices. Cooling of test equipment is usually performed within a well-insulated test chamber, via direct or indirect evaporation of liquid cryogen. State-of-the-art equipment is frequently insufficient for rigorous testing, being expensive and cumbersome, cooling slowly, struggling to replicate relevant environmental conditions, and/or failing to reach the temperature of the cryogen. Herein, we employ a rapid prototyping approach using polymer 3D printing to iteratively refine cryogen-based cooling of a tribometer. The final design greatly exceeds the minimum temperature of state-of-the-art equipment, cooling a chamber to liquid nitrogen temperatures (−196 °C) while maintaining dry test conditions. When modified for use on a cryogenic tensile tester, the design cools to −150 °C in 149 s, significantly improving upon state-of-the-art performance. By utilizing this 3D-printed equipment, we find that components produced via Fused Deposition Modeling with unmodified, commodity polylactic acid have favorable mechanical properties in a cryogenic environment: tensile strength of 110 MPa, elongation at break of 10%, and specific wear of 5.6 × 10−5 mm3/Nm against stainless steel. By leveraging 3D printing for rapid manufacture of production-quality parts, highly refined cooling chamber designs have been experimentally developed for both a tribometer and a load frame in rapid succession, enabling significant improvements in cryogenic test capabilities.
Nitrogen reduction on crystalline carbon nitride supported by homonuclear bimetallic atoms
Authors: Le Yaqian , Wei Changgeng , Xue Weichao , Li Yi , Zhang Yongfan , Lin Wei 
Published: August 2022

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a new method for sustainable NH3 production, which has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the low Faradaic efficiency due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and inert N≡N triple bond activation hinders its practical application. To find highly efficient electrocatalysts with excellent activity, stability and selectivity, we have studied a series of transition metal dimers (TM2) loaded on poly triazine imide, (PTI) a crystalline carbon nitride, by density functional theory calculations. The results show that most of the metal dimers have good stability. Finally, among 26 homonuclear diatomic catalysts, Mo2@PTI, Re2@PTI, and Pt2@PTI exhibit strong capability for suppressing HER, with a favorable limiting potential of −0.53, −0.36, and −0.63 V, respectively, and hence, can be used as efficient electrocatalysts for NRR. In this study, a homonuclear diatomic eNRR catalyst was designed and screened to provide not only a theoretical basis for the experiments but also an alternative approach for sustainable synthesis of ammonia.
Sequence-dependent mechanochemical coupling of helicase translocation and unwinding at single-nucleotide resolution
Authors: Laszlo Andrew H. , Craig Jonathan M. , Gavrilov Momčilo , Tippana Ramreddy , Nova Ian C. , Huang Jesse R. , Kim Hwanhee C. , Abell Sarah J. , deCampos-Stairiker Mallory , Mount Jonathan W. , Bowman Jasmine L. , Baker Katherine S. , Higinbotham Hugh , Bobrovnikov Dmitriy , Ha Taekjip , Gundlach Jens H. 
Published: August 2022

We used single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers (SPRNT) to resolve the millisecond single-nucleotide steps of superfamily 1 helicase PcrA as it translocates on, or unwinds, several kilobase-long DNA molecules. We recorded more than two million enzyme steps under various assisting and opposing forces in diverse adenosine tri- and diphosphate conditions to comprehensively explore the mechanochemistry of PcrA motion. Forces applied in SPRNT mimic forces and physical barriers PcrA experiences
in vivo
, such as when the helicase encounters bound proteins or duplex DNA. We show how PcrA’s kinetics change with such stimuli. SPRNT allows for direct association of the underlying DNA sequence with observed enzyme kinetics. Our data reveal that the underlying DNA sequence passing through the helicase strongly influences the kinetics during translocation and unwinding. Surprisingly, unwinding kinetics are not solely dominated by the base pairs being unwound. Instead, the sequence of the single-stranded DNA on which the PcrA walks determines much of the kinetics of unwinding.
Novel antiinflammatory biologics shaped by parasite–host coevolution
Authors: Ryan Stephanie M. , Ruscher Roland , Johnston Wayne A. , Pickering Darren A. , Kennedy Malcolm W. , Smith Brian O. , Jones Linda , Buitrago Geraldine , Field Matt A. , Esterman Adrian J. , McHugh Connor P. , Browne Daniel J. , Cooper Martha M. , Ryan Rachael Y. M. , Doolan Denise L. , Engwerda Christian R. , Miles Kim , Mitreva Makedonka , Croese John , Rahman Tony , Alexandrov Kirill , Giacomin Paul R. , Loukas Alex 
Published: August 2022

Parasitic helminth infections, while a major cause of neglected tropical disease burden, negatively correlate with the incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). To evade expulsion, helminths have developed sophisticated mechanisms to regulate their host’s immune responses. Controlled experimental human helminth infections have been assessed clinically for treating inflammatory conditions; however, such a radical therapeutic modality has challenges. An alternative approach is to harness the immunomodulatory properties within the worm’s excretory–secretory (ES) complement, its secretome. Here, we report a biologics discovery and validation pipeline to generate and screen in vivo a recombinant cell-free secretome library of helminth-derived immunomodulatory proteins. We successfully expressed 78 recombinant ES proteins from gastrointestinal hookworms and screened the crude in vitro translation reactions for anti-IBD properties in a mouse model of acute colitis. After statistical filtering and ranking, 20 proteins conferred significant protection against various parameters of colitis. Lead candidates from distinct protein families, including annexins, transthyretins, nematode-specific retinol-binding proteins, and SCP/TAPS were identified. Representative proteins were produced in mammalian cells and further validated, including ex vivo suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion by T cells from IBD patient colon biopsies. Proteins identified herein offer promise as novel, safe, and mechanistically differentiated biologics for treating the globally increasing burden of inflammatory diseases.
Identification of cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity against bunyaviruses
Authors: Toba Shinsuke , Sato Akihiko , Kawai Makoto , Taoda Yoshiyuki , Unoh Yuto , Kusakabe Shinji , Nobori Haruaki , Uehara Shota , Uemura Kentaro , Taniguchi Keiichi , Kobayashi Masanori , Noshi Takeshi , Yoshida Ryu , Naito Akira , Shishido Takao , Maruyama Junki , Paessler Slobodan , Carr Michael J. , Hall William W. , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Arikawa Jiro , Matsuno Keita , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Sasaki Michihito , Orba Yasuko , Sawa Hirofumi , Kida Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by members of the order
Bunyavirales
comprise endemic and emerging human infections that are significant public health concerns. Despite the disease severity, there are few therapeutic options available, and therefore effective antiviral drugs are urgently needed to reduce disease burdens. Bunyaviruses, like influenza viruses (IFVs), possess a cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) that mediates the critical cap-snatching step of viral RNA transcription. We screened compounds from our CEN inhibitor (CENi) library and identified specific structural compounds that are 100 to 1,000 times more active in vitro than ribavirin against bunyaviruses, including Lassa virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and Junin virus. To investigate their inhibitory mechanism of action, drug-resistant viruses were selected in culture. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that amino acid substitutions in the CEN region of drug-resistant viruses were located in similar positions as those of the CEN α3-helix loop of IFVs derived under drug selection. Thus, our studies suggest that CENi compounds inhibit both bunyavirus and IFV replication in a mechanistically similar manner. Structural analysis revealed that the side chain of the carboxyl group at the seventh position of the main structure of the compound was essential for the high antiviral activity against bunyaviruses. In LCMV-infected mice, the compounds significantly decreased blood viral load, suppressed symptoms such as thrombocytopenia and hepatic dysfunction, and improved survival rates. These data suggest a potential broad-spectrum clinical utility of CENis for the treatment of both severe influenza and hemorrhagic diseases caused by bunyaviruses.
A Stellar Life
Authors: Abt Helmut A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this autobiography of 70+ yr of publishing astronomical papers, I summarize some of my major fields of research, such as (1) hfs in the solar spectrum, (2) the atmospheres of supergiants, (3) shock waves in Cepheids, (4) the Crab Nebula, (5) frequencies of binaries, (6) exoplanets, (7) starting Kitt Peak National Observatory, (8) catalogs, (9) China, (10) editing the Astrophysical Journal, (11) blue stragglers, (12) the Local Interstellar Bubble, and (13) publication studies.
Revealing Double White Dwarf Mergers with Multi-messenger Signals
Authors: Yang He-Wen , Thomas Tam Pak-Hin , Yang Lili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A significant number of double white dwarfs (DWDs) are believed to merge within the Hubble time due to the gravitational wave (GW) emission during their inspiraling phase. The outcome of a DWD system is either a type Ia Supernova as the double-degenerate model, or a massive, long-lasting merger remnant. Expected multi-messenger signals of these events will help us to distinguish detailed merging physical processes. In this work, we aim to provide a generic scenario of DWD merging, investigate the emission of all major messengers, with a focus on GWs and neutrinos. Our goal is to provide some guidance for current and future (collaborative) efforts of multi-messenger observations. Throughout the merging evolution of a DWD system, different messengers (GW, neutrino and electromagnetic wave) will dominate at different times. In this work, we show that DWD merger events located at the distance of 1 kpc can indeed produce detectable signals of GWs and neutrinos. The GW frequency is in 0.3–0.6 Hz band around 10 days before tidal disruption begins. We estimate that in optimistic situations, the neutrino number detected by upcoming detectors such as JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande can reach O(1) for a DWD merging event at ∼1 kpc.