bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α‐Amino Radical Halogen Atom Transfer Agents for Metallaphotoredox‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Couplings of Distinct Organic Halides
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Kaur Jaspreet , Yakubov Shahboz , Barham Joshua P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstractα‐Amino radicals from simple tertiary amines were employed as halogen atom transfer (XAT) agents in metallaphotoredox catalysis for cross‐electrophile couplings of organic bromides with organic iodides. This XAT strategy proved to be efficient for the generation of carbon radicals from a range of partners (alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl iodides). The reactivities of these radical intermediates were captured by nickel catalysis with organobromides including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl bromides, enabling six diverse C−C bond formations. Classic named reactions including Negishi, Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions were readily achieved in a net‐reductive fashion under mild conditions. More importantly, the cross coupling was viable with either organic bromide or iodide as limiting reactant based on the availability of substrates, which is beneficial to the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. The scalability of this method in batch and flow was investigated, further demonstrating its applicability.
A stochastic computing architecture for local contrast and mean image thresholding algorithm
Authors: Xu Wenbing , Xie Guangjun , Wang Shaowei , Lin Zhendong , Han Jie , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImage binarization algorithms in document image analysis divide pixel values into two groups, including white as background and black as foreground. Among others, the local contrast and mean (LCM)‐based thresholding algorithm offers excellent performance in processing degraded documents. This algorithm, however, is susceptible to noise and requires significant hardware resources. In this paper, an energy‐efficient and fault‐tolerant architecture is proposed for implementing the LCM algorithm in stochastic computing (SC). Leveraging correlated input bitstreams, this architecture saves energy and improves the fault tolerance of the implementation. Experimental results show that the proposed LCM stochastic architecture significantly outperforms the stochastic implementation of the Sauvola algorithm in terms of both binarization accuracy and hardware overhead and energy consumption. Even using 16‐bit streams, the proposed circuit produces an error rate lower than 5%. The stochastic implementation of the LCM algorithm using a 16‐bit length FSM‐based LD sequence is 22 times less in area, 26 times less in total power, 28 times less in energy consumption and more fault‐tolerant than the conventional 8‐bit bit‐width weighted binary with the same frequency constraints.
High diversity of lysis‐resistant cells upon the application of targeted physical and chemical lysis to environmental samples originating from three different water bodies
Authors: Junier Thomas , Paul Christophe , Corona Ramírez Andrea , Filippidou Sevasti , Fatton Mathilda , Lehmann Anaël , Chain Patrick S. , Ariztegui Daniel , Vennemann Torsten , Viollier Patrick H. , Junier Pilar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn most habitats, fluctuating environmental conditions create periods of compromised survival for metabolically active organisms. In response, various survival strategies have evolved, including the formation of resilient resting cells. We assessed the biodiversity of the lysis‐resistant bacteria in three different environments by applying a harsh physicochemical treatment to the samples. The bacterial diversity of the lysis‐resistant fraction was compared with the bacterial diversity from the same environmental samples without the application of the enrichment method. As expected, in the lysis‐resistant fraction, a significantly higher relative abundance of endospore‐forming Firmicutes (for instance, Bacillus, Clostridium and Paenisporosarcina) was observed in comparison with the untreated samples. However, genera from which the existence of a resistant cell form is not yet reported were also highly enriched in comparison with the untreated samples. Our results suggest a more diversified repertoire of bacterial resistant cellular structures than previously thought.
Pectin with various degrees of esterification differentially alters gut microbiota and metabolome of healthy adults
Authors: Huang Wenqi , Fang Qingying , Fan Linlin , Hong Tao , Tan Huizi , Nie Shaoping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPectin with various degrees of esterification (DE) leads to different food processing directions and has the distinct potential for modulating human health. Investigations of pectin–gut microbiota interactions may contribute towards better understanding of the structure–function mechanism. In this study, in vitro batch fermentation (artificial colon model) was used to illustrate the differential impacts of pectin with different DE on the gut microbiota and metabolome of healthy adults. The results indicated that low‐esterified pectin L13 showed better‐sustained abilities in terms of the diversity of microbiota and promoted the abundance of Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae at family levels, and Bacteroides and Lachnospira at genus levels. High‐esterified pectin H121 induced less Enterococcus and Clostridium. Data from untargeted metabolomics revealed the alterations of intracellular metabolites including fatty acids, amino acids, and organic molecules by various types of pectins. Inositol was the unique intracellular metabolite that was significantly upregulated by low‐esterified pectin L13. All types of pectins could increase the level of acetic acid, but butyric acid was only enriched by pectin L13.
Forecasting the performance of a diffusion absorption refrigeration system using optimal fluid blend—A neural network approach
Authors: Valiyandi Sreenesh , Thampi Gireeshkumaran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the diffusion absorption system has gained special attention in several types of research due to its ability to promote sufficient cooling effect from the use of low‐grade heat. Normally, in the diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) system, ammonia works as a refrigerant, helium as an inert gas, and water as an absorbent. These refrigerant combinations cause certain environmental issues such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, toxic gas formation, etc. This work aims to formulate an environment‐friendly DAR system from among six different alternative refrigerant blends. The refrigeration performances such as coefficient of performance (COP), exergy analysis, heat supplied in the generator, mass flow rate, refrigeration effect, and cooling capacity are determined for different evaporator temperatures. Harris hawk optimization (HHO) screened the optimal refrigerant blend and validated using hybrid Elman recurrent neural network (ERNN)‐based HHO methods. It is observed that the performance of the DAR is optimal when isobutane + dimethylformamide + helium is used as the working fluid.
Principal component analysis reveals multiple consistent responses to naturalistic stimuli in children and adults
Authors: Di Xin , Biswal Bharat B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) study of naturalistic conditions, for example, movie watching, usually focuses on shared responses across subjects. However, individual differences have been attracting increasing attention in search of group differences or associations with behavioral outcomes. Individual differences are typically studied by directly modeling the pair‐wise intersubject correlation matrix or projecting the relations onto a single dimension. We contend that it is critical to examine whether there are one or more consistent responses underlying the whole sample, because multiple components, if exist, may undermine the intersubject relations using the previous methods. We propose to use principal component analysis (PCA) to examine the heterogeneity of brain responses across subjects and project the individual variability into higher dimensions. By analyzing an fMRI dataset of children and adults watching a cartoon movie, we showed evidence of two consistent responses in the supramarginal gyrus and other regions. While the first components in many regions represented a response pattern mostly in older children and adults, the second components mainly represented the younger children. The second components in the supramarginal network resembled a delayed version of the first PCs for 4 s (2 TR), indicating slower responses in the younger children than the older children and adults. The analyses highlight the importance of identifying multiple consistent responses in responses to naturalistic stimuli. This PCA‐based approach could be complementary to the commonly used intersubject correlation to analyze movie‐watching data.
Synbiotic containing extensively hydrolyzed formula improves gastrointestinal and atopic symptom severity, growth, caregiver quality of life, and hospital‐related healthcare use in infants with cow's milk allergy
Authors: Hubbard Gary P. , Atwal Kiranjit , Graham Lynne , Narayanan Sankara , Cooke Lisa , Casewell Catherine , Denton Sally‐Ann , Gavin Joan , Browne Robert M. , Kinnear Fiona J. , McHardy Ailsa J. , Evans Debbie , Vallis Rachel , Venkataraman Devasmitha , Cawood Abbie L. , Donohoe Sarah , Steele Victoria , Armstrong Sonia , Stratton Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthy gut microbiota is important for prognosis in cow's milk allergy (CMA). The application of synbiotics (specific pre‐ and probiotics) in extensively hydrolyzed formulae (eHFs) is a relatively new concept.AimsTo evaluate a synbiotic‐containing, whey‐based eHF (SeHF) with galacto‐oligosaccharides, fructo‐oligosaccharides, and bifidobacterium breve M‐16V in infants with CMA.Materials and MethodsA 31‐day one‐arm pilot study in 29 infants with CMA (mean age 30.8 weeks [SD 11]) was undertaken, with outcomes including gastrointestinal tolerance, atopic dermatitis symptoms, dietary intake, growth, SeHF acceptability, caregiver quality of life, and hospital‐related healthcare use.ResultsSignificant improvements (p < .05) in the severity of abdominal pain (in 57%), burping (in 46%), flatulence (in 79%), constipation (in 14%), rhinitis (41%), and itchy eyes (73%), as well as atopic dermatitis in those with severe baseline symptoms (PO‐SCORAD©reduction: 34.7–18.2 (p = .003),n = 6) were observed over time. Growth and caregiver quality of life scores significantly increased (+26.7%,p < .05) over time. Hospital visits and medications significantly reduced (−1.61 and −2.23, respectively,p < .005) in the 6 months after SeHF initiation.DiscussionIn this small, single‐arm, pilot study, the use of SeHF enhanced the management of infants with non‐IgE mediated CMA who were already established on eHF. Conclusion: Whilst this study adds to the evidence base for the use of SeHF in CMA, further robust research to explore the longer‐term benefits of synbiotics, specifically the blend used in this study, for the clinical management of infants with CMA is warranted.
Diagnosing temporomandibular joint disorders using second harmonic imaging of collagen fibers
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Jing‐Ying , Xu Ying , Chui Hsiang‐Chen , Han Jiajia , Li Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis proposed optical imaging method is a nondestructive, real‐time and high‐resolution approach to distinguish healthy and injured temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues. And the TMJ health index was invented. TMJ pathologies are commonly and reported frequently. It could be associated with the damage of collagen, cartilage and bone tissue. The second harmonic generation images could be obtained by a femtosecond laser pulses, so the aligned information of the collagen fibers in all directions for the TMJ disorders was collected. The disorder degree of collagen fibers was quantified and ranked using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The TMJ health index can effectively present the TMJ healthy condition and the disorder degree of collagen fibers, a valuable objective tool for tissue characterization for TMJ healthy condition. Integrated with the staining methods, we can provide the scaling information at different injury degree.
The erythropoietin‐derived peptide ARA 284 reduces tissue wasting and improves survival in a rat model of cancer cachexia
Authors: Palus Sandra , Elkina Yulia , Braun Tanja , von Haehling Stephan , Döhner Wolfram , Anker Stefan D. , Cerami Anthony , Brines Michael , Springer Jochen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia (CC) is a severe complication during the last stages of the disease, which is characterized by the substantial loss of muscle and fat mass. Currently, there is no effective treatment of CC. Erythropoietin plays tissue‐protective role in different tissues. Based on the structure of erythropoietin, small non‐erythropoietic peptides were synthesized, which activate tissue‐protective signalling pathways.MethodsHere, we investigated the influence of the tissue‐protective peptide ARA 284 on CC in rats using the Yoshida hepatoma model.ResultsTreatment with ARA 284 (1.7 μg/kg/day) counteracted the loss of body weight (12.46 ± 4.82% ARA 284 vs. 26.85 ± 0.88% placebo, P < 0.01), fat mass (P < 0.01), and lean mass (P < 0.01). It improved spontaneous activity of ARA 284‐treated animals. Further, gastrocnemius mass was increased (13.2% ARA 284 vs. placebo, P < 0.01) in association with induced p‐Akt (P < 0.01) and decreased in p‐p38 MAPK, GSK‐3β, and myostatin (all P < 0.01), suggesting an induction of anabolic pathways. At the same time, we observed the significant increase in the survival of animals by high‐dose ARA 284 treatment (hazard ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.94, P = 0.0325).ConclusionsTaken together these results suggest that ARA 284 can be considered beneficial in experimental CC and it remains to be seen, if it can have similar beneficial effects in CC patient.
Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl2
Authors: Walvekar Rashmi , Saputra Ricky , Khalid Mohammad , Vaka Mahesh , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Dharaskar Swapnil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new types of tunable solvents that have attracted a large scientific community due to their versatile applications and attractive physical properties. Ammonium‐based solvents are widely used in desulfurization processes, but they are toxic and expensive. Thus, to replace the conventional ammonium‐based solvents, this work aims to synthesize novel ammonium–ethylene glycol (EG)‐based ternary DESs (TDESs). The thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, density, acidity, stability, degradation point, melting point, conductivity, refractivity and miscibility, were measured in this study.ResultsThe TDESs were prepared using varying molar ratios ranging from 1:3 to 1:5 by combining a hydrogen bond donor (EG) with ZnCl2 and three ammonium‐based hydrogen bond acceptors, namely ethylammonium chloride, diethylammonium chloride and diethylethanolammonium chloride. It was found that most properties are significantly superior to those of the constituent components of the TDESs. Arrhenius and linear equation fittings with respect to temperatures ranging from 20 to 100 °C predict R2 values close to unity. The viscosity, pH and density decrease while electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature.ConclusionSuch interesting observations are mainly caused by the particles’ excitation phenomena that increase their kinetic energy and volume. Furthermore, the lower melting point of TDESs compared to the constituent components is attributed to the charge delocalization through hydrogen bonding between donor and acceptor molecules. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A new liver regeneration molecular mechanism involving hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and glucose‐regulated protein 78 as a new hepatotrophic factor
Authors: Hagiwara Kei , Harimoto Norifumi , Yamanaka Takahiro , Ishii Norihiro , Yokobori Takehiko , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Watanabe Akira , Araki Kenichiro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Shirabe Ken 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeTo overcome liver failure, we focused on liver regeneration mechanisms by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs). It is known that the HSC‐secreted Mac‐2‐binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) activates KC in the fibrotic liver. However, its importance for liver regeneration of the HSCs/M2BPGi/KCs axis after hepatectomy is still unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the HSC‐derived M2BPGi can activate KCs after hepatectomy, and elucidate the new molecular mechanism of liver regeneration.MethodsWe examined the effect of M2BPGi on human hepatocytes and KCs, and explored secretory factors from M2BPGi‐activated KCs using proteomics. Furthermore, the effect on liver regeneration of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) as one of the M2BPGi‐related secreted proteins was examined in vitro and in murine hepatectomy models.ResultsAlthough M2BPGi had no hepatocyte‐promoting effect, M2BPGi promoted the production of GRP78 in KCs. The KC‐driven GRP78 promoted hepatocyte proliferation. GRP78 administration facilitated liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy and increased the survival rate after 90% hepatectomy in mice.ConclusionsThe M2BPGi‐activated KCs secrete GRP78, which facilitates liver regeneration and improves the survival in a lethal mice model. Our data suggest that the new hepatotrophic factor GRP78 may be a promising therapeutic tool for lethal liver failure.
The global monsoon system representation in BAM‐v1.2 and HadGEM3 climate simulations
Authors: Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. , Souza Dayana C. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Figueroa Silvio N. , Baker Jessica C. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe features of monsoon systems in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are analysed in climate simulations of two atmospheric models: the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model version 1.2 (BAM‐v1.2) and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3). The results are compared to GPCP precipitation and ERA5 datasets. Although they have different configurations and parameterizations, the purpose is to evaluate their ability in representing key features of the global monsoon system. The spatial extent of the monsoon domains is well simulated by the models, as well as the main characteristics of the monsoons, although precipitation biases are noticed in the regions affected by the systems, consistent with vertical motion and moisture flux biases. The largest precipitation biases are found in the West Pacific Monsoon Region, extended to the east, and in the Australia Monsoon Region extended to the Maritime continent. Deficiencies in precipitation can be related to inaccuracy of vertical motion and humidity flux, as well as to the lack of air–sea interaction. However, the atmospheric circulation features at low and high levels are well represented in all monsoon regions, as well as the annual cycle of precipitation in those regions by both models. The divergence at high levels and convergence at low levels associated with ascending air movement and precipitation in monsoon regions are well represented by the models. An analysis of two monsoon indices at eight monsoon regions showed the models are generally able to simulate the relationship between precipitation and circulation features. In the majority of years, the signs of indices from the models agree with observations. Correlations of precipitation and circulation indices between models and observations show statistically significant values for some monsoon regions. The results obtained contribute to improving knowledge about global monsoon features and their representation in the two models.
Intercomparisons of methods for extracting the internal climate variability from the observed records over the Indo‐Pacific sector
Authors: Miyaji Yuma , Hasegawa Takuya , Tanimoto Youichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA careful isolation of the externally forced component (EFC) and the internal climate variability (ICV) embedded in the observed records as well as the climate simulations is critical to investigate an actual response to the external radiative forcing and/or background dynamics in the ICV. Employing three different methods, we evaluate the EFCs contained in the observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) fields in the Indo‐Pacific region. After removing these EFCs, we obtain the respective ICVs as the remaining anomalies. The remaining SST and SLP anomalies are then evaluated on decadal time scales in a combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of different spatial portions: the tropical Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the whole Indo‐Pacific region. After making statistical intercomparisons of the spatial patterns and associated time series of the EOF analyses, we found that the EFCs of the individual grid point values (GPVs) were appropriately estimated by regressing onto the multi‐model ensemble global mean surface temperature (GMSTMME) and were less well approximated by the conventional linear trend and the multi‐model ensemble mean of the simulated GPVs. The regressed SST anomalies of the individual historical simulations onto the GMSTMME were much larger than the observed anomalies, illustrating that the ICV‐to‐EFC variance ratio is a performance‐improvement indicator of climate models.
Temporal variation and landcover influence survival in adult female mottled ducks
Authors: Bonczek Elizabeth S. , Ringelman Kevin M. , Marty Joseph R. , Collins Samantha A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdult survival is a key driver of waterfowl population growth and is subject to temporal and spatial variation. Mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) are native to the Gulf Coast and peninsular Florida, USA, and have suffered population declines over the past decade, especially in Texas and Louisiana, USA. Although the cause of this decline is not well understood, previous research concluded variation in survival contributed to nearly a third of variation in the species' population growth rate. We used global positioning system‐groupe spécial mobile (GPS‐GSM) transmitters to study temporal and spatial variation in survival of adult female western Gulf Coast mottled ducks in southwestern Louisiana, 2017–2020. We evaluated weekly survival models parameterized with combinations of hunted and non‐hunted periods, biological seasons, and landcover types that were used by mottled ducks. There were 3 competitive survival models, and all contained 4 parameters that parsed the annual cycle into the non‐hunted period, first part of the general waterfowl season, and second part of the waterfowl season, and included the proportion of GPS locations in agricultural lands. Weekly survival was 0.979 during the first part of the general waterfowl hunting season, and 0.996 during the second part of the general waterfowl season. Daily survival rate increased with an increasing proportion of locations logged in agricultural lands. Annual survival rates were similar to other waterfowl that are not experiencing population declines, which suggests survival is not limiting population growth of mottled ducks along the western Gulf Coast. Managers should ensure the availability of refuge areas where hunting is prohibited during the first part of the general waterfowl season, when mottled ducks are at an increased risk of mortality, in addition to the targeted conservation of agricultural lands that provide cover and forage.