bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Ramezani Jahandar , Beveridge Tegan L. , Rogers Raymond R. , Eberth David A. , Roberts Eric M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe spectacular fossil fauna and flora preserved in the Upper Cretaceous terrestrial strata of North America’s Western Interior Basin record an exceptional peak in the diversification of fossil vertebrates in the Campanian, which has been termed the ‘zenith of dinosaur diversity’. The wide latitudinal distribution of rocks and fossils that represent this episode, spanning from northern Mexico to the northern slopes of Alaska, provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into dinosaur paleoecology and to address outstanding questions regarding faunal provinciality in connection to paleogeography and climate. Whereas reliable basin-wide correlations are fundamental to investigations of this sort, three decades of radioisotope geochronology of various vintages and limited compatibility has complicated correlation of distant fossil-bearing successions and given rise to contradictory paleobiogeographic and evolutionary hypotheses. Here we present new U–Pb geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS method for 16 stratigraphically well constrained bentonite beds, ranging in age from 82.419 ± 0.074 Ma to 73.496 ± 0.039 Ma (2σ internal uncertainties), and the resulting Bayesian age models for six key fossil-bearing formations over a 1600 km latitudinal distance from northwest New Mexico, USA to southern Alberta, Canada. Our high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework for the upper Campanian of the Western Interior Basin reveals that despite their contrasting depositional settings and basin evolution histories, significant age overlap exists between the main fossil-bearing intervals of the Kaiparowits Formation (southern Utah), Judith River Formation (central Montana), Two Medicine Formation (western Montana) and Dinosaur Park Formation (southern Alberta). Pending more extensive paleontologic collecting that would allow more rigorous faunal analyses, our results support a first-order connection between paleoecologic and fossil diversities and help overcome the chronostratigraphic ambiguities that have impeded the testing of proposed models of latitudinal provinciality of dinosaur taxa during the Campanian.
Motor unit number index (MUNIX) in the D50 disease progression model reflects disease accumulation independently of disease aggressiveness in ALS
Authors: Ebersbach Theresa , Roediger Annekathrin , Steinbach Robert , Appelfeller Martin , Tuemmler Anke , Stubendorff Beatrice , Schuster Simon , Herdick Meret , Axer Hubertus , Witte Otto W. , Grosskreutz Julian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe neurophysiological technique motor unit number index (MUNIX) is increasingly used in clinical trials to measure loss of motor units. However, the heterogeneous disease course in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) obfuscates robust correlations between clinical status and electrophysiological assessments. To address this heterogeneity, MUNIX was applied in the D50 disease progression model by analyzing disease aggressiveness (D50) and accumulation (rD50 phase) in ALS separately. 237 ALS patients, 45 controls and 22 ALS-Mimics received MUNIX of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. MUNIX significantly differed between controls and ALS patients and between ALS-Mimics and controls. Within the ALS cohort, significant differences between Phase I and II revealed in MUNIX, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit size index (MUSIX) of APB as well as in MUNIX and CMAP of TA. For the ADM, significant differences occurred later in CMAP and MUNIX between Phase II and III/IV. In contrast, there was no significant association between disease aggressiveness and MUNIX. In application of the D50 disease progression model, MUNIX can demonstrate disease accumulation already in early Phase I and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions in future therapeutic trials independent of individual disease aggressiveness.
Effects of vigor at work and weekly physical activity on job stress and mental health
Authors: Cortés-Denia Daniel , Isoard-Gautheur Sandrine , Lopez-Zafra Esther , Pulido-Martos Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explores the role of personal resources, specifically vigor at work (a positive affect generated by the ongoing interactions in the workplace) and weekly physical activity (PA), in the stress-mental health relationship, given the positive relationships found between PA and levels of vigor experienced on health. Thus, we hypothesized that vigor at work would mediate the relationship between job stress and workers' mental health, whereas weekly PA would moderate the relationship between stress and vigor at work. Five hundred and twenty-seven workers completed self-report scales for stress, weekly PA, vigor at work, and mental health. The results showed that vigor at work was related to better mental health, whereas stress was related to high psychological problems and low vigor at work. The interaction between stress and weekly PA on vigor was significant, indicating a counterproductive effect of weekly PA. Specifically, the negative relationship between stress and vigor at work was greater when doing weekly PA. In this vein, high levels of weekly PA would not have a favorable impact when workers experience high levels of stress, consuming part of vigor at work and reducing the positive effect of vigor at work on mental health by coping with stress.
An efficient and accurate interpolation method for parametric curve machining
Authors: Wei Juan , Sun Chao , Zhang Xue-jing , Wang Er-jie , Law Deify 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA subsection interpolation method based on the curve curvature threshold is proposed to resolve the incompatible problem of machining accuracy and machining efficiency in parametric curve machining. In the pre-interpolation stage, the curve curvature threshold is calculated based on geometric and kinematic constraints. The subsection interpolation key points and their nominal velocities are then determined from the curvature threshold points and the start and end points of the curve, and the arc length of each subsegment can be calculated based on the adaptive Simpson method. As a result, the S-type speed planning algorithm and the bidirectional speed scanning algorithm are used to update and realize the global speed curve to reduce the speed fluctuation. In the real-time interpolation stage, the curve interpolation parameters are calculated using the parametric modified second-order Runge–Kutta method, which could improve the interpolation accuracy significantly and also shorten the interpolation time. Finally, it is found using numerical cases that the proposed method can smooth the overall interpolation speed, reduce the speed fluctuation effectively and improve the real-time performance of the interpolation.
Controlled transitions between metastable states of 2D magnetocapillary crystals
Authors: Collard Ylona , Piñan Basualdo Franco N. , Bolopion Aude , Gauthier Michaël , Lambert Pierre , Vandewalle Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetocapillary interactions between particles allow to self-assemble floating crystals along liquid interfaces. For a fixed number of particles, different states possessing different symmetrical features, known as metastable states, coexist. In this paper, we demonstrate how to trigger the transition from one state to another, either by rearranging the crystal, or by controlling its growth. First, we show that externally controlled magnetic fields can squeeze the entire crystal to induce structural modifications, that upon relaxation can lead to a modified state. Second, we propose localized laser-induced thermocapillary flows that can be used to guide new particles towards an existing crystal in a desired direction, thus favoring a particular resulting state. The control of the formation of metastable states is a key ingredient to functionalize such assemblies, paving the way to self-assembled microrobots.
Actomyosin contractility as a mechanical checkpoint for cell state transitions
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Saradha , Sreekumar Dyuthi , Ratna Prasuna , Shivashankar G. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCell state transitions induced by mechano-chemical cues result in a heterogeneous population of cell states. While much of the work towards understanding the origins of such heterogeneity has focused on the gene regulatory mechanisms, the contribution of intrinsic mechanical properties of cells remains unknown. In this paper, using a well-defined single cell platform to induce cell-state transitions, we reveal the importance of actomyosin contractile forces in regulating the heterogeneous cell-fate decisions. Temporal analysis of laterally confined growth of fibroblasts revealed sequential changes in the colony morphology which was tightly coupled to the progressive erasure of lineage-specific transcription programs. Pseudo-trajectory constructed using unsupervised diffusion analysis of the colony morphology features revealed a bifurcation event in which some cells undergo successful cell state transitions towards partial reprogramming. Importantly, inhibiting actomyosin contractility before the bifurcation event leads to more efficient dedifferentiation. Taken together, this study highlights the presence of mechanical checkpoints that contribute to the heterogeneity in cell state transitions.
The Golgi-localized sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase is indispensable for Leishmania major
Authors: Okundaye Brian , Biyani Neha , Moitra Samrat , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase (SPP) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into sphingosine, the reverse reaction of sphingosine kinase. In mammals, S1P acts as a potent bioactive molecule regulating cell proliferation, migration, and immunity. In Leishmania, S1P production is crucial for the synthesis of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids, and cell survival under stress conditions. To better understand the roles of S1P, we characterized a SPP ortholog in Leishmania major which displays activity towards S1P but not structurally related lipids such as ceramide-1-phosphate or lysophosphatidic acid. While this enzyme is found in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells, L. major SPP is localized at the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, chromosomal SPP alleles cannot be deleted from L. major even with the addition of a complementing episome, suggesting that endogenously expressed SPP is essential. Finally, SPP overexpression in L. major leads to a slower growth rate and heightened sensitivity to brefeldin A and sodium orthovanadate. Together, these results suggest that the equilibrium between S1P and sphingosine is vital for the function of Golgi apparatus in Leishmania.
Automated detection of enlarged extraocular muscle in Graves’ ophthalmopathy with computed tomography and deep neural network
Authors: Hanai Kaori , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Nagasato Daisuke , Tanabe Mao , Masumoto Hiroki , Miya Sakurako , Nishio Natsuno , Nakamura Hirohiko , Hashimoto Masato 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a diagnostic software system to evaluate the enlarged extraocular muscles (EEM) in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) by a deep neural network.This prospective observational study involved 371 participants (199 EEM patients with GO and 172 controls with normal extraocular muscles) whose extraocular muscles were examined with orbital coronal computed tomography. When at least one rectus muscle (right or left superior, inferior, medial, or lateral) in the patients was 4.0 mm or larger, it was classified as an EEM patient with GO. We used 222 images of the data from patients as the training data, 74 images as the validation test data, and 75 images as the test data to “train” the deep neural network to judge the thickness of the extraocular muscles on computed tomography. We then validated the performance of the network. In the test data, the area under the curve was 0.946 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.894–0.998), and receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated 92.5% (95% CI 0.796–0.984) sensitivity and 88.6% (95% CI 0.733–0.968) specificity. The results suggest that the deep learning system with the deep neural network can detect EEM in patients with GO.
Head-to-head comparison of 99mTc-PSMA and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in diagnosing prostate cancer bone metastasis: a prospective, comparative imaging trial
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Zhiyi , Li Tao , Wei Yongbao , Yu Mingdian , Ye Liefu , Cai Yuqing , Yang Shengping , Zhang Yanmin , Shi Yuanying , Chen Wenxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe most common site of metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) is bone. Skeletal-related events can increase the risk of death in patients with PCa by 28%. Due to the low detection rate of lesions in patients with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the value of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy is limited. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a small molecular probe that can efficiently and specifically detect PCa lesions. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the difference between 99mTc-PSMA single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in the detection of bone metastasis in PCa. A total of 74 men with pathologically confirmed PCa from October 2019 to November 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this study. The median age was 70 (range, 55–87) years. All patients underwent both 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT at an average interval of 12.1 (range, 1–14) days. The detected imaging-positive bone lesions were scored as “typical metastasis” or “equivocal metastasis” by a standard reporting schema. Subsequent therapy modality details were observed through follow-up. Twenty-five of the 74 patients were diagnosed with bone metastases. 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT detected 20 and 18 bone metastases, with sensitivities of 80.0% (20/25) and 72.0% (18/25), specificities of 100.0% (49/49) and 81.3% (40/49), and AUCs of 88.0% and 84.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the AUC between the two imaging methods (P < 0.001). In an analysis of the number of bone metastasis lesions, the proportion of “typical metastasis” versus “equivocal metastasis” detected by the two imaging methods was 26.3:1 (PSMA) and 2.9:1 (MDP), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was a significant difference in the detection of bone metastatic lesions by 99mTc-PSMA and 99mTc-MDP when the maximum diameter of the lesions was ≤ 0.6 cm (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value for PSA was 2.635 ng/mL (PSMA) and 15.275 ng/mL (MDP). 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT led to a change in management to a more individualized therapy modality for 11 of 74 men (14.9%). 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT was superior to 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in the detection of bone metastases in PCa, especially for small lesions and in patients with low PSA levels, and demonstrated an additional benefit of providing information on extraskeletal metastases. With regard to therapy, 99mTc-PSMA scans might have utility in improving the subsequent therapy modality.
Thermal inactivation of African swine fever virus in feed ingredients
Authors: Songkasupa Tapanut , Boonpornprasert Prakit , Suwankitwat Nutthakarn , Lohlamoh Walaiporn , Nuengjamnong Chackrit , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV is highly stable and easily transmitted by consumption of contaminated swine feed and pork products. Heat treatment of feed ingredients is a means to minimize the risk of contamination through swine feed consumption. The objectives of this study were to determine the thermal inactivation of ASFV in non-animal and animal origin feed ingredients. The rate of thermal inactivation is represented by decimal reduction time (DT) or time required to reduce ASFV per 1 log at temperature T. The mean D60, D70, D80 and D85 of meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), and maize grain (MZ) are in the ranges 5.11–6.78, 2.19–3.01, 0.99–2.02, and 0.16–0.99 min, respectively. DT is used to compare the heat resistance of ASFV in the feed ingredient matrices. The mean DT of ASFV in MBM, SBM and MZ was not statistically significant, and the heat resistance of ASFV in MBM, SBM, and MZ was not different at 60, 70, 80, or 85 °C. The multiple DT was used to develop a DT model to predict DT at various inactivation temperatures. The DT models for MBM, SBM, and MZ are log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{32.08}} \right)$$

T

32.08

+ 2.69, log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{31.77}} \right)$$

T

31.77

+ 2.55, and log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{18.96}} \right)$$

T

18.96

+ 4.01. To expand and ease the field applications, a spreadsheet predicting the DT and the inactivation time (with 95% confidence interval) from these DT models is available to download.
Experimental investigations on the growth of wall-attached bubble in total dissolved gas supersaturated water
Authors: Lin Lu , Li Ran , Feng Jingjie , Liu Shengyun , Zou Qin , Cheng Xiaolong , Lin Honghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to dam discharge, waterfalls, sudden increases in water temperature and oxygen production by photosynthesis, the total dissolved gas (TDG) in water is often supersaturated, which may have serious effects on aquatic ecology. When the atmospheric pressure is lower than the TDG pressure in water, the supersaturated dissolved gas in water will slowly release into air. Wall-attached bubbles were formed during the TDG release process. The generation and departure of wall-attached bubbles influence the release process of TDG in water. To simulate the growth period of the wall-attached bubbles under different pressures, a decompression experimental device was designed to record the supersaturated TDG release process. Based on experimental data and mathematical calculations, the quantitative relationship between the bubble growth rate and environmental pressure was obtained. The supersaturated TDG dissipation rate increases monotonically with increasing relative vacuum degree. Applied the calculation method about the wall-attached bubble growth rate, a formula of the supersaturated TDG adsorption flux was proposed, and a prediction method of the TDG release coefficient was established. The simulation results show that with the increasing relative vacuum degree, the TDG release coefficient increases correspondingly, and the adsorption from wall surface area can be obviously promoted. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the accurate calculation of the TDG release process and provides a scientific basis for the accurate prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of supersaturated TDG under different pressure and solid wall conditions.
Ranking the environmental factors of indoor air quality of metropolitan independent coffee shops by Random Forests model
Authors: Lin Yu-Wen , Tang Chin-Sheng , Liu Hsi-Chen , Lee Tzu-Ying , Huang Hsiao-Yun , Hsu Tzu-An , Chang Li-Te 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndependent coffee shops are the alternative workplaces for people working remotely from traditional offices but are not concerned about their indoor air quality (IAQ). This study aimed to rank the environmental factors in affecting the IAQ by Random Forests (RFs) models. The indoor environments and human activities of participated independent coffee shops were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive days including weekdays and weekend during the business hours. The multi-sized particulate matter (PM), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO, CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. RFs models ranked the environmental factors. More than 20% of the 15-min average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. Occupant density affected TVOCs, p-PAHs and CO2 concentrations directly. Tobacco smoking dominated PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and p-PAHs concentrations mostly. CO concentration was affected by roasting bean first and tobacco smoking secondly. The non-linear relationships between temperature and these pollutants illustrated the relative low concentrations happened at temperature between 22 and 24 °C. Tobacco smoking, roasting beans and occupant density are the observable activities to alert the IAQ change. Decreasing CO2 and optimizing the room temperature could also be the surrogate parameters to assure the IAQ.
Construction of hematoxylin–eosin, immunohistochemistry, and EBER-ISH methodology after trichloroisocyanuric acid treatment in melanin-containing tissues
Authors: Wang Chaoshan , Yang Xia , Wang Ting , Wang Ya , Shi Jiong , Sun Qi , Wang Yihua , Wu Hongyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) on the bleaching and morphology of melanin-containing pathological sections. The pathological sections of 27 patients with high melanin content were bleached with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and different concentrations of TCCA. Significant differences were found among the blank control group, 1% TCCA group (P < 0.0001). The hematoxylin–eosin (HE) score of the "recovery pH" HE staining group after treatment with 1% TCCA was similar to that of the "Conventional HE" scheme group (P > 0.05). The morphological diagnostic scores of 50 cases of pathological sections with different melanin content before and after TCCA bleaching were compared. The results showed a significant difference in the diagnostic score between the middle- and high-melanin content groups before and after 1% TCCA bleaching (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining was performed on meningeal melanoma tissue. For this, 8% TCCA solution was used to remove melanin after Ki67, S100, and β-catenin immunohistochemical staining. After bleaching with TCCA, the staining and positioning of each marker with different localization were accurate and the background was clear. The same results were also shown with EBER-ISH. This study concluded that 1% TCCA could be used for HE staining of pathological sections containing melanin, and "restore pH" HE scheme as the staining method after TCCA melanin removal. Further, 8% TCCA was used for bleaching after immunohistochemical DAB staining. Melanin can be completely removed, and sections can meet diagnostic needs.