bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Secondary Metabolite Crude of Metarhizum anisopliea Fungus on the Second Larval Stage of the Housefly Musca domestica
Authors: Kathiar Soolaf A , Al Shammari Hazim Idan , Hammed Aliaa Abdul Aziz 
Published: November 2022

The house flies Musca domestica )Diptera:musidae) are the primary carrier of many pathogens such as cholera, typhoid, anthrax, and others. The use of chemical pesticides as a basic method of control leads to many problems at the environmental and health level. The use of safe alternatives to chemical pesticides has become an urgent necessity. The research aims to find biological alternatives that are environment-friendly and non-pathogenic to humans in controlling house flies through the possibility of extracting and diagnosing some secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and testing their effects on the second larval stage of house flies using different treatment methods that include direct spraying of the larvae, treating the food environment, and the dipping method. Secondary metabolites and toxins of Metarhizium anisopliae were extracted in liquid media PDB using a mixture of organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and methanol. The secondary metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the identification of 10 chemical compounds, including phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl (C14H22O)., Diethyl Phthalate (C12H14O4), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2 ), Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (C23H36O4) , 9,12-Octadecanoic (Z,Z )-, methyl ester ( C19H34O2), 9-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, (C19H36O2), 9,12,15-Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z) (C19H32O2), Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester(C19H38O2), Oleic Acid (C24H38O4), 9-Octadecanoic acid (Z)-,2-hydroxyl (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester(C21H40O4) ,and Di-n-octyl phthalate (C24H38O4 ). The results showed that the crude extract of the fungus cause the best mortality rate in the second instar larvae at concentrations of 3 and 5% after 72 hours of treatment when the mortality rates ranged between 60-100%. The mortality rates were directly proportional to the increase in concentration and time with a significant difference. The results also showed that the treatment of the food media was the most effective in affecting the larvae of flies, recording mortality rates that reached 100%, with a significant difference with direct spraying and dipping methods. These results reveal the significant efficacy of the tested secondary metabolite crude of m.anesopalae against Musca domestica which could be used as an ecofriendly alternative for insect control.
Investigation of the Electron Coefficients of (Ar, He, N2, O2) Gases in the Ionosphere
Authors: Temur Aseel A. , Ahmed Ala F. 
Published: November 2022

In this study, the electron coefficients; Mean energy , Mobility and Drift velocity of different gases Ar, He, N2 and O2 in the ionosphere have been calculated using BOLSIG+ program to check the solution results of Boltzmann equation results, and effect of reduced electric field (E/N) on electronic coefficients. The electric field has been specified in the limited range 1-100 Td. The gases were in the ionosphere layer at an altitude frame 50-2000 km. Furthermore, the mean energy and drift velocity steadily increased with increases in the electric field, while mobility was reduced. It turns out that there is a significant and obvious decrease in mobility as a result of inelastic collisions and in addition little energy gained by the reduced electric field. A clear mathematical model was obtained to find out the electronic coefficient values without a simulation program (BOLSIG +). In addition, this model shows a strong correlation between the current work and the electronic transaction values calculated through the BOLSIG+ program.
Strong father-child relationships and other positive childhood experiences, adverse childhood experiences, and sexual risk factors for HIV among young adults aged 19-24 years, Namibia, 2019: A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Agathis Nickolas Theophilos , Annor Francis B. , Xu Likang , Swedo Elizabeth , Chiang Laura , Coomer Rachel , Hegle Jennifer , Patel Pragna , Forster Norbert P. , O'Malley Gabrielle , Ensminger Alison L. , Kamuingona Rahimisa , Andjamba Helena , Nshimyimana Brigitte , Manyando Molisa , Massetti Greta M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground Understanding what childhood factors influence HIV acquisition risk among young adults, especially young women, is critical as they are disproportionately affected by the global HIV epidemic. Adverse and positive childhood experiences (ACEs and PCEs, respectively), including strong parent-child relationships, may influence HIV acquisition risk among youth (19–24 years) living in sub-Saharan African countries. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey, we assessed the associations between each of 4 PCEs (including having a strong father-child relationship, strong mother-child relationship, or strong caregiver monitoring and supervision, and ever attending secondary school) and ≥ 3 ACEs with 7 individual sexual HIV risk factors, through sex-stratified multivariable hierarchical models. Interaction terms between ≥ 3 ACEs and the relevant PCE were included in each model. For significant interaction terms, multivariable analyses were done stratifying among those with and without the PCE. Results Strong father-child relationships were inversely associated with 2 HIV risk factors among women (lifetime transactional sex [OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7] and recent age-disparate sexual relationship [OR 0.3, CI 95% 0.2–0.5]) and significantly interacted with having ≥ 3 ACEs for 3 HIV risk factors among women and 1 among men. Among women without strong father-child relationships, having ≥ 3 ACEs was positively associated with not knowing a partner’s HIV status (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.7–2.4) or infrequently using condoms (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.1) in the past year, and ever having an STI (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.6); among men without strong father-child relationships, ≥ 3 ACEs was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners in the past year (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.4). Conversely, among women and men with strong father-child relationships, experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs was either not significantly, or inversely, associated with those risk factors. The other PCEs were significantly associated with ≤ 1 HIV risk factor and had no significant interaction terms. Conclusion Among youth in Namibia, strong child-father relationships may reduce HIV acquisition risk and mitigate the effect of childhood adversity on this risk. Improving parent and caregiver support may be an important strategy to reduce the impact of childhood adversity and aid global HIV epidemic control.
Rapid phase transition in 2D active pseudocrystals
Authors: Chen No , Lo Wei-Chang , Lo Chien-Jung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Active matter with continuous energy injection that exhibits various nonequilibrium emergent behaviors, such as swarming and motility induced phase separation, has been extensively studied in the past decades. Achieving desired patterns and phases in fabricating functional materials by assembling active matter is a rising and challenging direction. Nevertheless, the ossibility of a stably ordered structure of active matter remains elusive. Toward this goal, the interplay between the active force and the volume exclusion provides a new way to manipulate mechanical stability. Here, we demonstrate a new type of active, two dimensional (2D) pseudocrystal system consisting of arrays of active rods. The pseudocrystals with tetratic array demonstrate robust stability against the thermal noise. Increasing the active force leads to a phase transition from pseudocrystal to swarming via shear melting. In the traveling pseudocrystals, on the contrary, the synchronized movement of active rods reduces internal stresses and enhances the stability of pseudocrystals. Topological defects quickly propagate in the traveling pseudocrystals and assist the stability. The present framework provides innovative insights into potentially new designs and manipulations of active materials.
PACS numbers:
Impact of abnormal glucose metabolism on the early neurological outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Wang Ling , Hu Ting , Wang Nuo , Liu Haiyan , Wu Tao , Bi Xiaoying , Cheng Qiantao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose:
Abnormal glucose metabolism status (AGM), including prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported to be an important predictor of poor functional outcome in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, conclusions of recent studies are inconsistent about which AGM status increases the risk of post-thrombolysis early neurological deterioration (END). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AGM status on the risk of post-thrombolysis early neurological outcomes. We further investigated the influence of previous glucose control of diabetic patients on the post-thrombolysis early neurological outcomes evaluation.
Methods:
Prediabetes was identified as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) (%) level within the range of 5.7%-6.4%, and diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed based on prior history of diabetes or an HbAlc≥6.5% and patients with HbAlc less than 5.7% were classified as normal glucose metabolism (NGM). Diabetic patients with good PGC had HbAlc <7%, diabetic patients with poor PGC had HbAlc≥7%. END was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSS) ≥ 4, ENI was defined as a ≥4-point decrease in NIHSS score or a complete resolution of neurological deficits, between the time of admission and 24 hours after IV-rtPA.
Results
In total, 261 (32.7%) patients were diagnosed with prediabetes, 91 (11.4%) patients were DM had good PGC and 186 (23.3%) patients were DM had poor PGC. After adjusted for confounders, in model 1, DM with poor PGC associated with the increased risk of post-thrombolysis END and poor functional outcome at discharge (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.220-3.579; P=0.007) (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.165-3.133; P=0.010), both prediabetes and DM with poor PGC were less likely to experience post-thrombolysis ENI (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.377-0.907; P=0.016) (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.255-0.71; P=0.001); in model 2, further adjusted for admission hyperglycemia, the presence of diabetes and DM with poor PGC was still independently related to post-thrombolysis ENI (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.400-0.969; P=0.036) (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.282-0.923; P=0.026).
Conclusion
Prediabetes and DM with poor PGC might be two abnormal blood glucose metabolism states that affects post-thrombolysis early neurological outcome in AIS patients.
Event-based imaging velocimetry using pulsed illumination
Authors: Willert Christian E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The paper addresses the shortcoming of current event-based vision (EBV) sensors in the context of particle imaging.Latency is introduced both on the pixel level as well as during read-out from the array and results in systemic timing errors when processing the recorded event data.Using pulsed illumination, the overall latency can be quantified and indicates an upper bound on the frequency response on the order of 10-20 kHz for the specific EBV sensor. In particle-based flow measurement applications, particles scattering the light from a pulsed light source operating below this upper frequency can be reliably tracked in time.Through the combination of event-based vision and pulsed illumination, flow field measurements are demonstrated at light pulsing rates up to 10 kHz in both water and air flows by providing turbulence statistics and velocity spectra.The described EBV-based velocimetry system consists of only an EBV camera and a (low-cost) laser that can be directly modulated by the camera, making the system compact, portable and cost effective.
Socioeconomic status impact Chinese youth’s internalizing problems: The risk role of psychological insecurity and cognitive fusion
Authors: Tao Zhiyuan , Wang Zhenhai , Lan Yilin , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be associated with more internalizing problems in youth, but the mechanism of this relationship, has not been investigated in Chinese families. We tested the hypotheses that this association would be mediated by the youth’s psychological insecurity, and that there would be a moderating effect of cognitive fusion.
Method
Senior middle school students (N = 780, ages 16–19, 54.45% girls) were recruited to complete a self-report a measure of SES, the anxious/depression subscales of the Youth Self-Report, the Security Questionnaire and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. A moderated mediation model was tested in regression-based analyses.
Results
Results indicated that (1) psychological insecurity fully mediated the relationship between SES and adolescent internalizing problems; (2) high cognitive fusion adolescents show stronger positive association of psychological insecurity and internalizing problems; (3) cognitive fusion also moderated the mediated pathway.
Conclusions
Present results emphasize the important effect of a psychological security and resourced environment on adolescent development and adolescents’ excessive fusion with thoughts of overestimating interpersonal and environmental insecurity may strengthen the indirect pathway from SES to internalizing problems via psychological insecurity. The findings are discussed in terms of their possible practical application in acceptance and commitment therapy.
Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic studies of Cr (VI), Pb (II) &amp; Zn (II) biosorption using Sargassum Wightii
Authors: Yogeshwaran V , Priya A.K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Pb and Zn) present in aqueous solutions has been examined utilizing Sargassum Wightii (SW) - brown algae – as an organic adsorbent. The functional groups of SW were determined by FTIR analysis before and after heavy metal ion adsorption. Because of the strong Van der Walls forces, the SEM/EDX picture reveals the presence of heavy metal ions on the surface of the SW. The influence of adsorption was studied in different settings by adjusting the parameters of pH, SW dosage, metal ion concentration, time of contact and temperature. In addition, the thermodynamic and isotherm investigations were carried out in order to determine the adsorption process and its connection. It was found that by adding 0.3 N H2SO4, the maximal desorption rate was achieved. Around 99.6% of chromium ions, 89.27% of lead ions and 82.39% of zinc ions were removed from the synthetic solutions through batch mode of adsorption studies.
Design of a Wideband Highly-Efficient GaN HEMT Power Amplifier for Multi-Band Applications
Authors: Xuan Xuefei , Cheng Zhiqun , Zhang Zhiwei , Gong Tingwei , Le Chao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A distributed basic matching network (MN) designed method that can achieve multi-octave bandwidth and highly efficient PA for multi-band applications is presented in this letter. The distributed network unit with a left-rotating T-type structure is employed to construct the wideband MN, whose topology and circuit parameters are acquired through optimization. Finally, the impedance realized by the designed MN falls into the target impedance region obtained by load-pull and source-pull technology in the desired frequency band. For the proof of the method, a broadband highly-efficient PA has been designed, fabricated, and measured using commercialized GaN HEMT. The measured results show that the implemented PA achieves a bandwidth of 137.8% from 0.7 to 3.8 GHz. The drain efficiency is between 59% and 70% with an output power of greater than 39 dBm and a gain ranging from 9 to 12.1 dB.
The common fatty acids have a pheromone-like effect, improving the emotion in mice
Authors: Li Yuanhua , Li Yuanhua , Zhang Yao-Hua , Wang Wei-Chao , Wang Zhen-Shan , Zhang Jian-Xu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fatty acids widely exist in some exocrine organs such as mammary glands, sweat glands and vaginas of mammals and have been exemplified to be appeasing pheromones in mammals. Here, we tested the possibility that fatty acids are common pheromones in mammals using mice that had few fatty acids in the main pheromone sources (eg.urine and preputial glands) of known pheromones. Five synthetic fatty acids were equally mixed to form a blend (MA) to be tested and a blend (MP) of hexadecanol and hexadecanol acetate of two identified male pheromones of mice was used as a control. Both MA and MP activated typical brain regions to perceive pheromones via. immunohistochemical staining. The numbers of c-Fos+ neurons activated by MA vs. MP were greater in the AOB and BNST, equal in VMH and smaller in the BLA. Chronic exposure to either MA or MP significantly reduced isolation-induced anxiety and improved sociality and exploring behavior. Especially, the mRNA expression of some behavior-related genes such as BDNF, GluN2B, DRD2, ERβ and 5HT2A was increased or showed a tendency to increase in hippocampus or mPFC of the mice after chronic exposure to either MA or MP. Our results suggested that some fatty acids might be common pheromones probably from the exocrine organs found in all mammals.
A New Quantum Soliton Inspired Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization
Authors: Fallahi Saeed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach to extending the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) characterized by the quantum concept of particle-like solitons, which are the solutions of the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Considering the motion scenario of the present algorithm based on the corresponding probability density function of quantum solitons allows producing new particle positions that overcome the deficiency of particles readily gathering in identical solutions and escaping from local Parato front. We examine the proposed algorithm over a set of known benchmark functions to evaluate the efficiency. Moreover, to achieve a more comprehensive conclusion about the performance, we compare it with the results obtained by two different state-of-the-art multi-objective metaheuristics, namely multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The numerical experiments show that in terms of accuracy, convergence, diversity, and distribution, the proposed algorithm provides promising results compared with other existing multi-objective optimization algorithms.
Development of a Bayesian network model to differentiate between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules
Authors: Huang Wucui , Huang Ziyang , Zhang Bowen , Wang Lile , Zhu Xiaoli , Liu Pei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: To develop a diagnostic prediction model for pulmonary nodules based on a Bayesian network (BN).
Methods: A total of 981 patients with pulmonary nodules were divided into benign and malignant groups on the basis of pathological findings. The patients’ clinical data, radiological features of pulmonary nodules, serum tumor biomarkers and follow-up information were collected. Sixteen related variables were screened out by univariate regression analysis to develop a BN model for pulmonary nodules. To evaluate the effectiveness of this BN model, it was compared with other machine learning models and clinical prediction models.
Results: Among the 981 patients, 334 had benign and 647 had malignant nodules. Sixteen variables were statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.05): age, history of tuberculosis, number of nodules, nodule location, maximum diameter, type, sign of lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation, cavitation, vascular convergence, calcification, CEA, CYFRA21-1, interval between first and last follow-up, and change in the size of nodules during follow-up time. The BN model tested in this study performed well and its sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve were 81.1%, 80.8% and 85.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: We developed a BN model that integrates clinical data, computed tomography characteristics and serum biomarkers, and predicts the probability of pulmonary nodules being benign or malignant. The BN model performs better than clinical prediction models in distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The predictive performance of the BN model was similar to that of common machine learning models and clinical models in prediction. Our BN model overcomes the barriers to clinical application inherent to black-box machine learning models, and visualization of this BN model enhances ease of use for clinicians.
Importance of Trade Integration and Trade Complementarity inflow on the relationship between China and Europe &amp; Central Asia
Authors: Shahzad Umer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The study aim is to investigate the Industrial, Agricultural, and Technological Bilateral Trade relationship between China and the Europe & Central Asia region over the period of 2000 to 2019 by employing the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA export), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI) and Trade Integration Index (TCD). The estimated results showed that there is a strong Bilateral Trade relationship between China and Europe & Central Asia. The estimated results of the Trade Complementarity Index (TCI) indicates that between 20 industries' product 17 have strong TCI between China and Europe, which showed that the export and import between China and Europe & Central Asia are matched, only three of the industries product, which are vegetable, Fuels, and Minerals are not matched strongly, the Trade Integration Index (TCD) between China and Europe from 2000 to 2019 is less than 1 that explains the Trade Integration Index between China and Europe are weak which give us knowledge that Chinese trade didn’t depend strongly on the Europe & Central Asia, estimated results of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA export) between China and Europe examine that there have strong the Revealed Comparative Advantage between China and Europe of all 20 different industries product.
Floral Specialization: what do floral attributes and floral visitors tell us?
Authors: Polatto Leandro Pereira , Alves-Junior Valter Vieira , Tavares Paulo Roberto de Abreu , de Morais Glaucia Almeida , Henrique Jessica Amaral , Netto José Chaud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Floral traits may either facilitate or constrain the gathering of food resources by certain animals. We therefore sought here to define the floral specialization levels of 19 plant species visited by foraging insects, based on their floral attributes and on the behaviors of their respective insect visitors. Based on those two criteria the degree of specialization of each plant-pollinator system was determined. The species studied had eight types of flowers (open, gullet, capitulum, opened with oil-secreting glands, opened with poricidal anthers, brush, tubular, and transition between open and deep polypetalous), and showed a continuum of pollination systems, from the more specialized levels to the most generalized. The most specialized species were visited predominantly by functional group of efficient pollinators, whereas the most generalist species received visitors of four or five functional groups, but they did not act as efficient pollinators. Furthermore, in the more generalist species it was not possible to characterize the floral visitors as pollen vectors or thieves/pillagers of resources. The parts of the insect bodies that transfer pollen to the floral stigmas can be grouped into five regions: the dorsal region of the thorax, the ventral region of the thorax and abdomen, the frontal region of the head, and the tibia and dorsal region of the abdomen. Plants evidencing even the highest levels of floral specialization can nonetheless be visited by floral resource thieves and/or robbers – indicating that floral specialization in itself is not capable of eliminating floral visitors prejudicial to plant reproduction.