bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression profiles of CD47 in the tumor microenvironment of salivary gland cancers: a next step in histology-driven immunotherapy
Authors: Votava Michal , Bartolini Robin , Capkova Linda , Smetanova Jitka , Jiri Vachtenheim , Kuchar Martin , Kalfert David , Plzak Jan , Bartunkova Jirina , Strizova Zuzana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are extremely rare malignancies with only limited treatment options for the metastatic phase of the disease. Treatment with anti-CD47 antibodies could represent a potent therapy for SGCs by promoting the phagocytic clearance of tumor cells through various mechanisms. However, the efficacy of anti-CD47 therapy is largely dependent on the expression of CD47 within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Materials and Methods
In 43 patients with SGC, we were the first to investigate the CD47 expression in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) in the center and periphery of primary tumors. We also correlated the data with the clinicopathological variables of the patients and offered novel insights into the potential effectiveness of anti-CD47 therapy in SGCs.

Results
We observed that the CD47+ tumor cells are outnumbered by CD47+ TIICs in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In the tumor center, the proportion of CD47+ tumor cells was comparable to the proportion of CD47+ TIICs in most histological subtypes. In low-grade tumors, significantly higher expression of CD47 was observed in TIICs in the periphery of the tumor as compared to the center of the tumor.

Conclusion
The reason for a high expression of ‘don’t eat me’ signals in TIICs in the tumor periphery is unclear. However, we hypothesize that in the tumor periphery, upregulation of CD47 in TIICs could be a mechanism to protect newly recruited leukocytes from macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, while also allowing the removal of old or exhausted leukocytes in the tumor center.
Status of the latest 2016 World Health Organization recommended frequency of antenatal care contacts in Sierra Leone: a nationally representative survey
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Musaba Milton W. , Kamara Kassim , Mutisya Linet M. , Mukunya David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimely and increased frequency of quality antenatal care (ANC) contacts is one of the key strategies aimed at decreasing maternal and neonatal deaths. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the ANC guidelines to recommend at least eight ANC contacts instead of four. This study aimed to determine the proportion of women who received eight or more ANC contacts and associated factors in Sierra Leone.MethodsWe used Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2019 data of 5,432 women aged 15 to 49 years who had a live birth, within three years preceding the survey. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with utilisation of eight or more ANC contacts using SPSS version 25 complex samples package.ResultsOut of 5,432 women, 2,399 (44.8%) (95% CI: 43.1–45.7) had their first ANC contact in the first trimester and 1,197 (22.0%) (95% CI: 21.2–23.4) had eight or more ANC contacts. Women who had their first ANC contact after first trimester (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 0.58, 95% CI 0.49–0.68) and women aged 15 to 19 years had less odds of having eight or more contacts (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.91). Working (aOR 1.33, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.62) and wealthier women had higher odds of having eight or more contacts compared to poorer ones and those not working respectively. Women residing in the southern region, those using internet and less parous (less than five) women were associated with higher odds of having eight or more ANC contacts. Women who had no big problem obtaining permission to go health facilities also had higher odds of having eight or more ANC contacts compared to those who had big problems.ConclusionSierra Leone’s adoption of eight or more ANC contacts is low and less than half of the women initiate ANC in the first trimester. To ensure increased access to recommended ANC visits, timely ANC should be encouraged. Attributes of women empowerment such as workings status, socio-economic status, and decision-making should also be emphasized.
Prevalence and pathology of Cephalopina titillator infestation in Camelus bactrianus from Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yao Huaibing , Liu Mengli , Ma Wanpeng , Yue Haitao , Su Zhanqiang , Song Ruiqi , Ma Qiang , Li Ling , Wu Zhuangyuan , Ma Yingjun , Chen Gangliang , Chen Baojiang , Yang Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In camels, nasopharyngeal myiasis is caused by the larvae of Cephalopina titillator, which parasitize the tissues of nasal and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. C. titillator infestation adversely affects the health of camels and decreases milk and meat production and even death. However, the C. titillator infestation in Bactrian camels has not been widely studied.

Methods
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of C. titillator in Bactrian camels of northwestern Xinjiang. Suspected larvae recovered from infested camels were evaluated for C. titillator by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequences of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) and cytochrome b (CYTB) genes from the C. titillator of camels were aligned from the NCBI database. Furthermore, the gross and histopathological alterations associated with C. titillator infestation were evaluated via pathological examination.

Results
Of 1263 camels examined 685 (54.2%) camels were infested with suspected C. titillator larvae. Different larval stages were topically detected in the nasal passages and pharynx of the camel heads. Microscopy analysis of the pharyngeal mucosa tissue revealed necrotic tissue debris and some inflammatory cells. Molecular detection of the larval COX1 and CYTB genes indicated that pathogen collected in Bactrian camels was C. titillator. The epidemiological study demonstrated that the prevalence rate of C.titillator infestation was significantly higher in camels of Bestierek Town Pasture (67.2%) and Karamagai Town Pasture (63.6%) compared to Kitagel Town Pasture (38.7%) and Qibal Town Pasture (35.8%) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the prevalence rates in male (52.6%) and female (54.6%) camels (P > 0.05). The prevalence was higher in warm (64.2%) than that in cold (48.4%) seasons (P < 0.001). The prevalence in camels with non-nomadic method (67.2%) was significantly higher than in animals with nomadic method (47.5%) (P < 0.001). The prevalence of C.titillator infestation was significantly higher in animals of aged 5–10 (60.1%) and aged > 10 (61.1%) years old compared to those of aged < 5 (31.7%) years old camels (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results confirm that there is a high prevalence of C. titillator in Bactrian camels from Xinjiang, closely related to age, season, pasture environment, and husbandry methods. Developing prevention, diagnosis, and control programs to prevent transmission is necessary.
Results of a prospective observational study of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell therapy for no-option critical limb-threatening ischemia and severe diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Panunzi Andrea , Madotto Fabiana , Sangalli Elena , Riccio Federica , Sganzaroli Adriana Barbara , Galenda Paolo , Bertulessi Amelia , Barmina Maria Francesca , Ludovico Ornella , Fortunato Orazio , Setacci Francesco , Airoldi Flavio , Tavano Davide , Giurato Laura , Meloni Marco , Uccioli Luigi , Bruno Antonino , Spinetti Gaia , Caravaggi Carlo Maria Ferdinando 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cell therapy with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs) may help restore limb perfusion in patients with diabetes mellitus and critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) deemed not eligible for revascularization procedures and consequently at risk for major amputation (no-option). Fundamental is to establish its clinical value and to identify candidates with a greater benefit over time. Assessing the frequency of PB circulating angiogenic cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may help in guiding candidate selection.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, non-controlled, observational study on no-option CLTI diabetic patients that underwent intramuscular PB-MNCs therapy, which consisted of more cell treatments repeated a maximum of three times. The primary endpoint was amputation rate at 1 year following the first treatment with PB-MNCs. We evaluated ulcer healing, walking capability, and mortality during the follow-up period. We assessed angiogenic cells and EVs at baseline and after each cell treatment, according to primary outcome and tissue perfusion at the last treatment [measured as transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2)].

Results
50 patients were consecutively enrolled and the primary endpoint was 16%. TcPO2 increased after PB-MNCs therapy (17.2 ± 11.6 vs 39.1 ± 21.8 mmHg, p < .0001), and ulcers healed with back-to-walk were observed in 60% of the study population (88% of survivors) during follow-up (median 1.5 years). Patients with a high level of TcPO2 (≥ 40 mmHg) after the last treatment showed a high frequency of small EVs at enrollment.

Conclusions
In no-option CLTI diabetic patients, PB-MNCs therapy led to an improvement in tissue perfusion, a high rate of healing, and back-to-walk. Coupling circulating cellular markers of angiogenesis could help in the identification of patients with a better clinical benefit over time.
Interpretation of the role of germline and somatic non-coding mutations in cancer: expression and chromatin conformation informed analysis
Authors: Pudjihartono Michael , Perry Jo K. , Print Cris , O’Sullivan Justin M. , Schierding William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
There has been extensive scrutiny of cancer driving mutations within the exome (especially amino acid altering mutations) as these are more likely to have a clear impact on protein functions, and thus on cell biology. However, this has come at the neglect of systematic identification of regulatory (non-coding) variants, which have recently been identified as putative somatic drivers and key germline risk factors for cancer development. Comprehensive understanding of non-coding mutations requires understanding their role in the disruption of regulatory elements, which then disrupt key biological functions such as gene expression.

Main body
We describe how advancements in sequencing technologies have led to the identification of a large number of non-coding mutations with uncharacterized biological significance. We summarize the strategies that have been developed to interpret and prioritize the biological mechanisms impacted by non-coding mutations, focusing on recent annotation of cancer non-coding variants utilizing chromatin states, eQTLs, and chromatin conformation data.

Conclusion
We believe that a better understanding of how to apply different regulatory data types into the study of non-coding mutations will enhance the discovery of novel mechanisms driving cancer.
TUCAN: A molecular identifier and descriptor applicable to the whole periodic table from hydrogen to oganesson
Authors: Brammer Jan C. , Blanke Gerd , Kellner Claudia , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja , Schatzschneider Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTUCAN is a canonical serialization format that is independent of domain-specific concepts of structure and bonding. The atomic number is the only chemical feature that is used to derive the TUCAN format. Other than that, the format is solely based on the molecular topology. Validation is reported on a manually curated test set of molecules as well as a library of non-chemical graphs. The serialization procedure generates a canonical “tuple-style” output which is bidirectional, allowing the TUCAN string to serve as both identifier and descriptor. Use of the Python NetworkX graph library facilitated a compact and easily extensible implementation.Graphical Abstract
Allosteric probe initiated triple signal recycles for sensitive analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Authors: Chen Lin , Yu Lu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is closely associated with a variety of pathophysiological process, providing energy for cell activities. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop a simple and sensitive ATP detection method. Herein, we describe an ultrasensitive approach for ATP detection by using an elegantly designed allosteric probe to bind with targets and to induce DNAzyme assisted triple signal recycles. To establish the approach, the allosteric probe is designed with three functional parts to bind with target ATP, to induce signal recycles and to assist chain extension. After recognition of ATP by allosteric probe, the triple signal recycles are initiated, including (i) released ATP-allosteric probe complex unfolds H1 probe, constituting the first signal recycle; (ii) DNAzyme based cleavage induces the second signal recycle; and (iii) chain extension induced release of ATP is the third signal recycle. Through a series of experiments, the approach exhibits a favorable ATP detection performance and shows a high anti-interference ability, indicating a potential application value in early diagnosis of diseases.
Investigation of the relationship between geomagnetic activity and solar wind parameters based on a novel neural network (potential learning)
Authors: Kitajima Ryozo , Nowada Motoharu , Kamimura Ryotaro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPredicting geomagnetic conditions based on in-situ solar wind observations allows us to evade disasters caused by large electromagnetic disturbances originating from the Sun to save lives and protect economic activity. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the Kp index, representing global magnetospheric activity level, and solar wind conditions using an interpretable neural network known as potential learning (PL). Data analyses based on neural networks are often difficult to interpret; however, PL learns by focusing on the “potentiality of input neurons” and can identify which inputs are significantly utilized by the network. Using the full advantage of PL, we extracted the influential solar wind parameters that disturb the magnetosphere under southward Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The input parameters of PL were the three components of the IMF (Bx, By, Bz), solar wind flow speed (Vx), and proton number density (Np) in geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates obtained from the OMNI solar wind database between 1998 and 2019. Furthermore, we classified these input parameters into two groups (targets), depending on the Kp level: Kp = 6–9 (positive target) and Kp = 0 to 1 + (negative target). Negative target samples were randomly selected to ensure that numbers of positive and negative targets were equal. The PL results revealed that solar wind flow speed is an influential parameter for increasing Kp under southward IMF conditions, which was in good agreement with previous reports on the statistical relationship between the Kp index and solar wind velocity, and the Kp formulation based on the IMF and solar wind plasma parameters. Based on this new neural network, we aim to construct a more correct and parameter-dependent space weather forecasting model.
Graphical Abstract
Rare earth element identification and quantification in millimetre-sized Ryugu rock fragments from the Hayabusa2 space mission
Authors: Tack Pieter , De Pauw Ella , Tkalcec Beverley , Lindner Miles , Bazi Benjamin , Vekemans Bart , Brenker Frank , Di Michiel Marco , Uesugi Masayuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nakamura Tomoki , Amano Kana , Matsumoto Megumi , Fujioka Yuri , Enokido Yuma , Nakashima Daisuke , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Sei-Ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi , Vincze Laszlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMillimetre-sized primordial rock fragments originating from asteroid Ryugu were investigated using high energy X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, providing 2D and 3D elemental distribution and quantitative composition information on the microscopic level. Samples were collected in two phases from two sites on asteroid Ryugu and safely returned to Earth by JAXA’s asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, during which time the collected material was stored and maintained free from terrestrial influences, including exposure to Earth’s atmosphere. Several grains of interest were identified and further characterised to obtain quantitative information on the rare earth element (REE) content within said grains, following a reference-based and computed-tomography-assisted fundamental parameters quantification approach. Several orders of magnitude REE enrichments compared to the mean CI chondrite composition were found within grains that could be identified as apatite phase. Small enrichment of LREE was found for dolomite grains and slight enrichment or depletion for the general matrices within the Ryugu rock fragments A0055 and C0076, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Efficacy of antifungal substances of three Streptomyces spp. against different plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Ghanem Gamal A. M. , Gebily Doha A. S. , Ragab Mona M. , Ali Ayat M. , Soliman Nour El-Deen K. , El-Moity Tawfik H. Abd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi with a wide host range of crops cause a significant limitation on the global production of agronomic crops. Applications of synthetic pesticides are an important tool for managing plant diseases, but have deleterious influences on the environment as well as its incompatibility with organic agriculture. Recently, Streptomyces spp. became one of the best bio-control agents as a promising environmentally eco-friendly method for effective management of plant diseases.

Results
In a previous research, three species of Streptomyces spp., i.e., S. griseus (MT210913 “DG5”), S. rochei (MN700192 “DG4”) and S. sampsonii (MN700191 “DG1” strains) were identified, as exhibiting potent antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and greenhouse. GC–Mass analysis revealed the presence of 44, 47 and 54 substances of S. sampsonii DG1, S. griseus DG5 and S. rochei DG4, respectively. GC–MS revealed substances, with bio-control activity, were categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fatty acids and plant growth regulators, etc. GC–MS analysis exhibited the presence of 7, 13 and 20 volatile compounds produced by S. sampsonii, S. rochei and S. griseus, respectively. These substances exhibited potent antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, i.e., Botrytis cinerea, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and S. sclerotiorum in vitro, by dual-culture assay. The three strains inhibited all the pathogenic fungi in dual-culture assay in the range of 30–73.67%. Also, the produced substances were applied in vivo (in the field) and supported their potential biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum as well as possessed significant biological properties for plant health and growth. Applying Streptomyces spp. culture broth in the field enhanced physiological responses of phenols, sugar, chlorophyll, protein contents and parameters as well as the yield of bean plants.

Conclusion
In field experiments, foliar application of Streptomyces spp. and their metabolites proved to be a great potential, as promising biocontrol agents, for controlling S. sclerotiorum and enhanced plant growth and yield. S. rochei and S. griseus proved to be strong antifungal, plant growth promoters and environmentally eco-friendly fungicides.
Shifts in therapeutic practices and decline of medicinal cannabis in Indian North-Eastern Frontier (1826–1925)
Authors: Bania Gita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of colonial medicine in the North-Eastern Frontier witnessed different phases of consistent competition and resistance. Herbs such as cannabis provided native physicians with a coherent power to resist colonial medical intervention. Before British rule, cannabis assumed great significance in the socio-economic, cultural, and religious spheres. The colonizers’ bioprospection of cannabis shifted the production and use of cannabis from a medical and recreational plant to an industrial and commercial commodity. British policies on cannabis caused its ban leading to natives’ reliance on colonial cannabis products. As a result, the native medical practitioners resisted for reviving cannabis in the indigenous therapeutics. This paper mainly aims to investigate the decline of medicinal cannabis in indigenous therapeutics, causing subtle resistance of the native physicians of the North-Eastern Frontier.MethodsThis paper follows a nomadology method based on primary and secondary sources to understand the impact on native physicians after the ban on private use, cultivation, and sale of cannabis. The primary sources/data have been collected from the Directorate of Archives: Government of Assam and Directorate of State Archives and Research Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal. Secondary sources have been collected from books, articles, and theses accessed from various libraries and websites.ResultsBan on cannabis led to dual responses from the indigenous population of the frontier. First is the interest of the native physicians resisting the revival of cannabis in indigenous therapeutics. The second is the interest of the frontier’s elites, who viewed cannabis as a “dangerous drug.” The British policies of control and restrictions on cannabis, the rift of response from the natives, and the over-powering of the indigenous therapeutics by the colonial medical system led to the decline of medicinal uses of cannabis in the North-Eastern Frontier.DiscussionsVarious pre-colonial and colonial factors helped colonial medical practices to get the upper hand over indigenous therapeutics. Such a shift led to the decline of indigenous medicinal cannabis causing native resistance, which was patient and silent.ConclusionsBritish ban on cannabis resulted in a rift of native responses, resistance, and decline of cannabis in the indigenous therapeutics of the North-Eastern Frontier.