bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tests of a New Solar Flare Model Against D and E Region Ionosphere Data
Authors: Siskind David E. , Jones McArthur , Reep Jeffrey W. , Drob Doug P. , Samaddar Srimoyee , Bailey Scott M. , Zhang Shun‐Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present results from a suite of models designed to simulate solar flare effects on the D and E region of the ionosphere. This suite includes models of the solar spectrum, the ionosphere and of HF radiowave propagation. A central component of this system is the development of photoelectron ionization enhancement factors with higher energy resolution in the soft X‐ray spectral region that can be used to supplement existing ionization schemes currently implemented in upper atmospheric general circulation models. We tested this photoelectron model in the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere‐ Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME‐GCM) and in a photochemical model of the D region. In both cases, we compared predicted flare response using two different input solar flare spectra. One is the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) and the other is a physics based model called NRLFLARE. Our predictions for the E region were compared with incoherent scatter radar data and suggest that enhanced flux in the 1–2 nm spectral region, as indicated by NRLFLARE, is important for reproducing the observations. For the D region, we combined our theoretical results for the X1.3 flare of 7 September 2017 with ray tracing calculations that suggest 20–40 db of 6.4 MHz absorption. This agrees with previously published observations and model estimates, all of which suggest greater HF absorption than the operational D region absorption prediction model (swpc.noaa.gov/products/d‐region‐absorption‐predictions‐d‐rap). Finally, our theoretical comparison with previously published empirical models derived from very low frequency data was less clear due, in part, to large differences between the different empirical models.
Multi‐instance inflated 3D CNN for classifying urine red blood cells from multi‐focus videos
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Ming , Wu Yongfei , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Zhang Lifeng , Ping Xinbo , Zhang Xingna , Zheng Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClassifying urine red blood cells (U‐RBCs) is the core operation in diagnosing urinary system diseases (USDs). In this paper, based on a novel data type named multi‐focus video, a multi‐instance inflated 3D convolutional neural network (MI3D) is proposed. In order to accurately classifying U‐RBCs, the MI3D integrates inflated inception‐V1 with multi‐instance learning models. Compared with the existent U‐RBC classification methods relying on single focus images, the MI3D using multi‐focus videos effectively avoids the misclassification caused by the significant deformation of U‐RBCs with the focus of microscope changing. In addition, the MI3D can learn the typical shapes and deformation patterns of U‐RBCs from multi‐focal videos simultaneously. Therefore, the accuracy of MI3D exceeds the mainstream video classification models. There are totally 597 multi‐focus videos that include four types of U‐RBCs collected to verify the effectiveness of MI3D. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of MI3D is inspiring with 94.4%, which is obviously higher than that of existed U‐RBC classification method (85.6%). The accuracy of MI3D also achieves the comparable level with the results by junior microscopist (95.6%). Lastly, the MI3D has powerful real‐time performance, whose classification speed reaches 1.4 times than that of the microscopist.
A non‐isolated high step‐up MIMO DC–DC converter for renewable energy applications
Authors: Azmoon‐Asmarood Saeed , Maalandish Mohammad , Shoghli Ibrahim , Nazemi‐Oskuee Seyed Hamid Reza , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article offers a non‐isolated DC–DC converter with dual‐ports for input and dual‐ports for output with high step‐up ability. The converter has different levels of output voltage. The benefits of the proposed topology consist of the capability of giving high voltage gains with low duty cycle amount, the simple control of each duty cycle, and low per‐unit peak voltage stress (PPVS) over the semiconductors. The presented structure is suitable for clean energy applications. The operation principles, steady‐state analysis, voltage, and current equations extraction in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are carried out. To confirm the superiority of the proposed topology, the efficiency of the converter is compared to other multi‐input (MI) and multi‐output (MO) converters which were recently published in the literature. Eventually, an implemented prototype in the laboratory is used to verify the performance of the proposed structure.
Similarity of Protection Conferred by Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection and by BNT162b2 Vaccine: A 3-Month Nationwide Experience From Israel
Authors: Goldberg Yair , Mandel Micha , Woodbridge Yonatan , Fluss Ronen , Novikov Ilya , Yaari Rami , Ziv Arnona , Freedman Laurence , Huppert Amit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The worldwide shortage of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection while the pandemic still remains uncontrolled has led many countries to the dilemma of whether or not to vaccinate previously infected persons. Understanding the level of protection conferred by previous infection compared with that of vaccination is important for policy-making. We analyzed an updated individual-level database of the entire population of Israel to assess the protection provided by both prior infection and vaccination in preventing subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe disease, and death due to COVID-19. Outcome data were collected from December 20, 2020, to March 20, 2021. Vaccination was highly protective, with overall estimated effectiveness of 94.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 94.3, 94.7) for documented infection, 95.8% (95% CI: 95.2, 96.2) for hospitalization, 96.3% (95% CI: 95.7, 96.9) for severe illness, and 96.0% (95% CI: 94.9, 96.9) for death. Similarly, the overall estimated level of protection provided by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was 94.8% (95% CI: 94.4, 95.1) for documented infection, 94.1% (95% CI: 91.9, 95.7) for hospitalization, and 96.4% (95% CI: 92.5, 98.3) for severe illness. Our results should be considered by policy-makers when deciding whether or not to prioritize vaccination of previously infected adults.
L-graph Automata And Some Applications
Authors: Raisi Sarbizhan Elham , Mehdi Zahedi Mohammad , Shamsizadeh Marzieh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper defines a novel graph constructed on a residuated lattice using a specific definition of the fuzzy graph (called $L$-graph). These types of graphs also have applications in libraries, pharmacies and machine facilities. Among these applications, this research presents the $L$-graph automaton related to the $L$-graph constructed by a minimum zero forcing set. The $L$-graph automaton is used to find efficient searching for diseases that have the most similar symptoms. It has been demonstrated that if two $L$-graphs are isomorphic, then the related $L$-graph automata are isomorphic but not necessarily vice versa. New notions, $L^{\prime\prime}$-graph automata, pseudo-isomorphism and self-sufficiency are proved. Besides, by taking advantage of the properties of the residuated lattice, it has been proven that the two $L$-graph automata are equivalent if and only if the $L^{\prime}$-graph automata contracted of $L$-graph automata are equivalent. Ultimately, in light of the above, some related theorems are proved and several examples are provided to illustrate these new notions.
Tangential errors of tensor surface finite elements
Authors: Hardering Hanne , Praetorius Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe discretise a tangential tensor field equation using a surface-finite element approach with a penalisation term to ensure almost tangentiality. It is natural to measure the quality of such a discretisation intrinsically, i.e., to examine the tangential convergence behaviour in contrast to the normal behaviour. We show optimal-order convergence with respect to the tangential quantities in particular for an isogeometric penalisation term that is based only on the geometric information of the discrete surface.
Pectointercostal fascial plane block for rescue pain management of traumatic sternal fracture following inadequate thoracic epidural block: a case report
Authors: Hsu Michael , Kinthala Sudhakar , Huang Jordan , Kapoor Neel , Saththasivam Poovendran , Porter Burdett 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdequate pain control after multisystem trauma including the chest wall is essential for improved patient outcomes, especially with sternum and rib fractures. The thoracic epidural is considered the gold standard in pain management of thoracic injury; however, failure or patchy epidural is not uncommon. Pectointercostal fascial plane block (PIFB) is regularly used in cardiac surgery to provide analgesia to the anterior chest wall; however, there are few reports of PIFB being used as a primary block for the management of thoracic injuries. We present a case in which PIFB was used as a rescue block for the successful management of sternal pain following patchy thoracic epidural block in a patient with thoracic polytrauma.
Spontaneous Cervicocerebral Artery Dissections
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines cervicocerebral artery dissections (CAD), which are a not uncommon but frequently underrecognized cause of severe headache associated with neurological disturbances in young patients. Dissections most commonly involve the extracranial portion of the artery, and the cervical segment is most often affected. Clinically, carotid dissection may present in several ways. Headache is usually the inaugural symptom, occasionally associated with neck pain. A painful Horner syndrome should suggest the possibility of a silent carotid dissection until proven otherwise. Although conventional angiography has long been considered the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of carotid dissection, noninvasive imaging techniques have become the preferred first step in diagnosis, with angiography used in younger patients when there is a high clinical suspicion for dissection not seen with noninvasive imaging procedures. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with fat saturation and magnetic resonance angiography and cranial computed tomography (CT) with CT angiography have been reported to have similar sensitivity and specificity for establishing the diagnosis. Upon establishing the diagnosis, treatment is aimed at preventing stroke. Antiplatelet therapy is recommended in cases of extracranial dissections without ischemic symptoms to prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism.
Acute Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Headache recurrence refers to the return of an episodic headache during the same migraine attack (within 24 hours) following the use of an acute treatment. This chapter on the acute treatment of migraine provides tips on questions to ask patients during the history to help clarify migraine attack frequency, headache frequency, and acute medication use to truly capture the complete clinical picture. The chapter provides a summary of traditional acute treatment options for migraine, specifically the triptans, and also summarizes the new acute options for migraine, including gepants and lasmiditan. In addition, the chapter provides commentary to help choose between these new options for a given patient who might not have found triptans helpful or has contraindications to using them.
Headache Treatment in Addiction
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains headache treatment in addiction. Opioids are occasionally effective as adjunctive treatment in the setting of acute migraine, but their use as a regular abortive treatment is limited, particularly in cases in which there are medication addiction concerns. Although there may be some benefit to adding them to other analgesic/abortive agents in very select cases of headache patients, regular use of opioids for headaches often leads to abuse and, at the very least, tolerance and increasing doses. Diverting opioids for the purpose of illicit selling for profit is an increasing problem as well. When opioid use is considered reasonable and necessary, strict limits on amounts should be set. Patients should also sign an opioid medication contract that includes the agreement to undergo polydrug testing on a regular basis. In patients with known prior substance abuse, opiates should always be avoided.
Headaches in Pregnancy
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by headaches during pregnancy include the urgency of ruling out serious vascular or other intracranial pathology and the paucity of useful pharmacological agents that are unlikely to put the mother or fetus at risk. Pregnancy is often a time of reduced migraine attacks, but that is not universal. Nonpharmacological therapy can help migraines in pregnancy, but judicious supplementation with pharmaceutical treatments is reasonable, particularly in severe cases. New types of head pain should raise suspicion for a secondary cause. The workup of headaches in pregnancy is outlined in this chapter, and the best treatment options, including medications believed to be relatively safe for mother and fetus, are discussed.
Chronic Headache in an Adolescent
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses chronic headache in adolescents. Chronic migraine is disabling and has a significant impact on the adolescent’s self-esteem, quality of life (QOL), family and social functioning, and scholastic success. Yet, chronic migraine in this age group remains underdiagnosed, undertreated, and inadequately studied. The goals of migraine prevention are primarily to reduce the frequency and severity of individual attacks and to improve QOL. Typically, preventive treatments are initiated when attacks occur 4 or more days monthly or when migraine is disabling or negatively impacts QOL. In general, choosing migraine prevention is often based on the presence or absence of other comorbidities or co-occurring conditions. Migraine prevention encompasses lifestyle modifications as well as nonpharmacologic and pharmacological therapies. Lifestyle modifications include regular sleep patterns, eating habits, exercise routines, hydration, and stress reduction. Currently, only one preventive therapy (topiramate) is specifically approved for the prevention of migraine in adolescents, yet several are often used off-label.
Post-Traumatic Headache
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Levin Morris , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Michael Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter on post-traumatic headache discusses the medical and legal perspectives of providing care to patients who have post-traumatic headache and the considerations involved when deciding to provide testimony regarding causation. The chapter also describes post-traumatic headache, headache due to whiplash, and postconcussive syndrome. Mild head and/or neck trauma can lead to chronic headaches, although the specific mechanisms are not clear. Headache is commonly a component of the postconcussive syndrome. Associated injuries to superficial nerves and the cervical spine can be the cause of post-traumatic headaches. Finally, this chapter also provides commentary on the similarities and differences between the various entities.
The EHRA Book of Pacemaker, ICD and CRT Troubleshooting Vol. 2
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas , Theuns Dominic AMJ 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Following the success of the first volume of the EHRA Book of Pacemaker, ICD and CRT Troubleshooting, a second volume with new cases has now been developed. A timely addition to the European Society of Cardiology’s portfolio, as device therapy has seen many new developments since the first volume, including the advent of leadless pacing, conduction system pacing, and subcutaneous ICDs, amongst other novelties. These new technologies are covered in the book, as are general device troubleshooting issues that were not presented in the first volume.
Case 5
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 27-year-old man with congenital heart disease and sick sinus syndrome had been implanted with an epicardial dual-chamber PM, with inactivation of the ventricular lead due to loss of capture. He was admitted to the emergency room because of palpitations and breathlessness upon exertion.
Case 32
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency room via ambulance reporting multiple conscious shocks from his device. He had a VVI ICD implanted 3 years previously for dilated cardiomyopathy with severe LV systolic dysfunction and haemodynamically unstable VT.
Case 39
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 53-year-old man attended the emergency department reporting shocks from his ICD followed shortly by syncope. Two weeks prior, he had been implanted with a single-chamber ICD for primary prevention of sudden death in the setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Past medical history included permanent AF.
Case 42
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 68-year-old man attends the pacing clinic following an unprovoked syncopal episode. He had a VVI ICD implanted 4 years previously for ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NYHA class II) with severe LV systolic dysfunction and normal QRS duration.
Case 46
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 30-year-old man with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a history of non-sustained VT had been implanted with an S-ICD for primary prevention of sudden death. He consulted after having received a shock. A stored event was retrieved from the device memory.
Case 50
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A patient with idiopathic VF and resuscitated sudden death was referred after having been implanted with an S-ICD. At implantation, the S-ICD failed to defibrillate induced VF at 65 J and 80 J, which required external defibrillation.
Case 53
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, LV ejection fraction of 25%, and NYHA class II heart failure under optimal medical therapy was implanted with a CRT-D. She presented with worsening dyspnoea 8 weeks after implantation.
Case 57
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A patient complained of persistent heart failure symptoms 6 months after CRT implantation. Device follow-up showed excellent capture thresholds with 99% VP and no sustained arrhythmias. The paced AVI had been programmed at the default value of 130 ms.
Case 65
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 45-year-old woman with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, classified as NYHA class III, and reduced LVEF had been implanted with a cardiac resynchronization defibrillator. During follow-up, an event classified as CRT pacing interruption was transmitted by remote monitoring.
Case 68
Authors: Burri Haran , Johansen Jens Brock , Linker Nicholas J. , Theuns Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit with acute pulmonary oedema requiring intubation. She had a past medical history of myocardial infarction with LVEF of 25%, NYHA class III heart failure, and LBBB for which an Abbott CRT-D had been implanted. The doctors on the intensive care unit were concerned as they saw intermittent loss of pacing spikes on telemetry.
Overview: Ketogenic Diets and Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Kossoff Eric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When the classic ketogenic diet was created in 1921, now 100 years ago, it was one of the few treatments in existence for epilepsy. As a result, its use was widespread, and publications were plentiful. The advent of modern antiseizure drugs and lack of collaboration and mentorship by ketogenic diet experts in the field in the 1940s led to relative disuse of the ketogenic diet for many decades, however, until the Charlie Foundation reinvigorated interest and research in 1994. Today, there are five major diets available, there are myriad methods for starting and managing patients on this therapy, and growing numbers of adolescents and adults are being treated. This section, “Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy in the Clinic” discusses all the advances in practical implementation of dietary therapy. In addition, chapters focus on the “indications” for dietary therapy that are both proven and investigational currently. Last, methods to prevent side effects are outlined. The section has been fully updated for the second edition.
Ketogenic Diet Therapies in Adults
Authors: Johnson Emily L. , Cervenka Mackenzie C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKetogenic diet therapy for epilepsy has been used in adults for over 100 years. Adults with medically refractory epilepsy as well as children on diet therapies transitioning to adult care need specialty providers to support diet use. About 20% to 60% of adults report at least a 50% improvement in seizure frequency on diet therapy, and many patients report improvement in cognition and other areas as well. Diet therapy is also used in status epilepticus, with resolution of refractory status epilepticus reported in over 70% of patients. Long-term cardiovascular effects and the effects of diet therapy in pregnancy are areas of ongoing study.
How Do You Implement the Diet?
Authors: Bergqvist A. G. Christina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow the ketogenic diet (KD) is implemented varies between centers. Some randomized published data now exist, to support implementation practices, differences are center specific and preference based. In an attempt to unify practices, a consensus statement was written in 2008 and was updated in 2018. The KD can be safely used in patients of all ages, can be modified for specific dietary needs, and can be administered as food, formula, or intravenous alimentation. Effectiveness, compliance, and minimization of side effects are achieved using a team-based, family-centered support structure. The KD is commonly initiated in an inpatient setting with a gradual increase in the fat content. A few centers still initiate the KD with a brief fast. Outpatient initiation with slower advancement to a full diet can be challenging but can be safely executed. Time to determine response and duration of treatment vary. Side effects are now better understood and best managed proactively by monitoring, but they cannot always be prevented and must be weighed against the benefits of continuing the therapy.