bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the political attitudes of students change during their time in higher education?
Authors: Fryer Tom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperience of higher education (HE) has come to characterise many contemporary political divisions, including those related to Brexit, Trump and coronavirus policy. However, the academic literature is unclear whether HE plays a causal role in changing peoples’ political attitudes or is simply a proxy. Furthermore, in many contexts, there is limited descriptive evidence on whether students’ political attitudes change during HE. This paper focuses on the UK, using data from the British Election Study, to make a twofold contribution. Firstly, the paper introduces recent political science theorising on the nature of contemporary political divisions, which has remained largely outside the HE literature to date. This theorising is illustrated through a cross-sectional analysis, comparing the political attitudes of those with and without experience of HE, showing that the former tend to be more left-leaning and less ethnocentric. Secondly, a longitudinal analysis is performed to assess how students’ political attitudes change during their time in HE. While in HE, students tend to make small movements to the left and become less ethnocentric, representing approximately 20–33% of the overall division between those with and without experience of HE. These findings are interpreted through a critical realist lens—they evidence that HE could have a causal role to play in creating contemporary political divisions. However, to establish whether HE does play a causal role, further intensive research is needed to explore how particular aspects of HE might bring about these changes and how this varies for different students in different contexts.
Disrupting the Link between Corporal Punishment Exposure and Adolescent Aggression: The Role of Teacher-Child Relationships
Authors: Neaverson Aimee , Murray Aja Louise , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious research has identified harsh parenting practices, such as corporal punishment, as a predictor of adolescent behaviour problems such as increased aggression. However, not all children who experience childhood corporal punishment develop increased aggression, making the illumination of factors moderating this link an important question for informing prevention. In the current study, an autoregressive cross-lagged panel model was used to examine teacher-child relationships as both a direct and interactive protective factor (via weakening the effects of corporal punishment exposure) in adolescent aggression. Data was used from the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). Self-reported data was collected at three time points: age 11 (n = 1144, 49% female) age 13 (n = 1366, 49% female) and age 15 (n = 1447, 48% female). Results suggested having a positive teacher-child relationship was a direct protective factor against concurrent aggression. However, there was not consistent evidence for a moderating effect of teacher-child relationships. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Specific properties of shRNA-mediated CCR5 downregulation that enhance the inhibition of HIV-1 infection in combination with shRNA targeting HIV-1 rev
Authors: Cardona Maria E. , Hinkula Jorma , Gustafsson Kristin , Christensson Birger , Wahren Britta , Mohamed Abdalla J. , Smith C. I. Edvard , Arteaga H. Jose 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTreatment with RNAi against HIV-1 transcripts efficiently inhibits viral replication but induces selection of escape mutants; therefore, the CCR5 coreceptor was suggested as an additional target. Blocking viral and host transcripts improved the antiviral effect. We have used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the human CCR5 (shCCR5) or the HIV-1 rev (shRev) transcripts to demonstrate distinctive properties of anti-CCR5shRNA: shCCR5 induced more sustained protection than shRev; partial reduction in CCR5 expression substantially decreased HIV-1 infection, and shCCR5 performed better than shRev in the mixed shRNA-treated and untreated cultures. These observations indicate that CCR5 inhibitors should be conveniently included in HIV-1 gene silencing treatment schedules when only a certain cell fraction is protected to further reduce endogenous virus in a properly ART-treated HIV-1 infected individual.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduce Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Loss by Inhibiting the Activation of Astrocytes via the SGK1/IL-6 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Gao Yanmin , Xie Di , Wang Yang , Niu Lei , Jiang Hua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known to be actively involved in neurological diseases, but their roles in hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury (HIBI) are unclear. In this study, a rat model of HIBI was established, and this study measured the changes in IL-6 and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), in addition to proliferation and apoptosis indicators of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The mechanism of action of SCFA on astrocytes was also investigated. Astrocytes were subjected to hypoxia in vitro, and OPCs were treated with IL-6. The results showed that SCFAs significantly alleviated HIBI-induced activation of astrocytes and loss of OPCs. SCFA pretreatment (1) downregulated the expression of NLRP3, IL-6, CCL2, and IP-10; (2) had no effect on the proliferation of OPCs; (3) ameliorated the abnormal expression of Bax and Bcl-2; and (4) regulated IL-6 expression via the SGK1-related pathway in astrocytes. Our findings revealed that SCFAs alleviated the loss of OPCs by regulating astrocyte activation through the SGK1/IL-6 signalling pathway.
Paclitaxel Regulates TRPA1 Function and Expression Through PKA and PKC
Authors: Sánchez Julio C. , Muñoz Laura V. , Galindo-Márquez María-Leonor , Valencia-Vásquez Aníbal , García Andrés M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPaclitaxel (PTX) is a frequently used anticancer drug that causes peripheral neuropathy. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a plasma membrane calcium channel, has been associated with PTX toxicity and with other chemotherapy agents such as oxaliplatin and vincristine. However, the effect of PTX on the functional expression and calcium currents of TRPA1 has not been determined. The present study shows the effect of PTX on TRPA1 activity in a neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y). The effect of PTX on the expression of TRPA1 was assessed through quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses to determine the relative mRNA and protein expression levels. To assess the effect on calcium flux and currents, cells were exposed to PTX; simultaneously, a specific agonist and antagonist of TRPA1 were added to evaluate the differential response in exposed versus control cells. To assess the effect of PKA, PKC and PI3K on PTX-induced TRPA1 increased activity, selective inhibitors were added to these previous experiments. PTX increased the mRNA and protein expression of TRPA1 as well as the TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ currents and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. This effect was dependent on AITC (a selective specific agonist) and was abolished with HC-030031 (a selective specific antagonist). The inhibition of PKA and PKC reduced the effect of PTX on the functional expression of TRPA1, whereas the inhibition of PI3K had no effects. PTX-induced neuropathy involves TRPA1 activity through an increase in functional expression and is regulated by PKA and PKC signaling. These findings support the role of the TRPA1 channel in the mechanisms altered by PTX, which can be involved in the process that lead to chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.
Structural, optical, dielectric, and surface properties of polyimide hybrid nanocomposites films embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles synthesized from rice husk ash for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ebnalwaled A. A. , Sadek Ahmed H. , Ismail Sameh H. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles previously prepared from the rice husk ash were utilized as nanofillers to fabricate thin films of polyimide/silica hybrid nanocomposites with different ratios (0, 6, 8, 10, and 12%). Subsequently, all hybrid films were further subjected to comprehensive characterization using XRD, SEM, AFM, and contact angle analyzers. The films exhibited a variety of optoelectronic properties depending on the silica nanoparticles' content. Where the silica nanofillers affected the optical clarity of polyimide films and increasing the silica ratio resulted in decreasing in films transmittance which led to reducing the transparency and enhanced the absorption coefficient of films in the UV range. Besides, the dielectric constant value and free charge carrier concentrations have increased which promoted the optical conductivity of the films. Moreover, increasing silica content resulted in converting the films from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surfaces, and has improved their wettability at all pH values.
Graphical abstract
Evaluation of medication-related problems in liver transplant recipients with and without an outpatient medication consultation by a clinical pharmacist: a cohort study
Authors: Mulder Midas B. , Doga B. , Borgsteede S. D. , van den Burg A. M. , Metselaar H. J. , den Hoed C. M. , Hunfeld N. G.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Transplant recipients undergo significant changes in their medication regimen during follow-up and are at an increased risk for medication-related problems (MRPs).

Aim
This study aimed to compare the prevalence and types of MRPs and interventions in liver transplant recipients with and without an outpatient medication consultation by a clinical pharmacist as well as the satisfaction with information about medicines and medication adherence.

Method
We performed a single-center, observational cohort study. A retro- and prospective cohort were used and subdivided in a group that did and did not receive a medication consultation. The prevalence and types of MRPs and interventions were identified and categorized. The satisfaction parameters were evaluated using validated questionnaires.

Results
Included were 291 patients. In total, 368 MRPs were identified in 197 patients in the non-medication consultation cohort (median 1; range 1–3 per patient) and 248 MRPs in 94 patients in the medication consultation cohort (median 2; range 1–4 per patient). In the medication consultation cohort, significantly fewer MRPs as unnecessary drugs (17.3% versus 58.7%, p < 0.001), suboptimal therapy (2.4% versus 9.5%, p < 0.001), untreated indication (2.8% versus 6.8%, p = 0.040) and underdosed drugs (0.4% versus 6.3%, p < 0.001) were identified. In the non-medication consultation cohort significantly more patients used unnecessary drugs (72.1% versus 39.4%, p < 0.001) compared to the medication consultation cohort. Patients in both cohorts are satisfied with the information about medicines and reported a high medication adherence.

Conclusion
Patients in the medication consultation cohort had significantly fewer MRPs and used significantly less unnecessary drugs. Including a clinical pharmacist to the post-transplant care has an added value.
The Families First Program to Prevent Child Abuse: Results of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ruiz-Casares Mónica , Thombs Brett D. , Mayo Nancy E. , Andrina Michelle , Scott Susan C. , Platt Robert William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Families First parenting program is a 10-week paraprofessional-administered adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting program for West Java, Indonesia. It has not been tested in a randomized controlled trial. The objective was to evaluate the effects of Families First on physical and emotional punishment. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial and randomly assigned 20 rural and urban villages in West Java, Indonesia, to intervention or waitlist. Caregivers of children aged 0–7 years in intervention villages received Families First. Between 2017 and 2018, measurements were taken before randomization, immediately post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. Primary outcome was presence versus absence of caregiver-reported physical or emotional punishment immediately post-intervention. Intention-to-treat regression models accounted for clustering within villages and were run to compare between groups. Participants and study personnel could not be blinded. There were 374 caregivers in the 10 intervention villages and 362 in the 10 waitlist villages included in the trial and in outcome analyses. The intervention did not result in a lower proportion of intervention families using punishment immediately post-intervention (odds ratio [OR] for physical or emotional punishment immediately post intervention = 1.20 (95% CI 0.79–1.82). There were no significant differences for positive and involved parenting, setting limits, and opinion on discipline, but caregivers in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of using positive discipline (OR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.53–0.80). Families First did not prevent punishment in a setting with low levels of reported punishment but should be tested in a setting with higher levels or among people selected for risk or presence.
Nonlinear Generation of Fluting Perturbations by Kink Mode in a Twisted Magnetic Tube
Authors: Ruderman M. S. , Petrukhin N. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the excitation of fluting perturbations in a magnetic tube by an initially imposed kink mode. We use the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in the cold-plasma approximation. We also use the thin-tube approximation and scale the dependent and independent variables accordingly. Then we assume that the dimensionless amplitude of the kink mode is small and use it as an expansion parameter in the regular perturbation method. We obtain the expression for the tube boundary perturbation in the second-order approximation. This perturbation is a superposition of sausage and fluting perturbations.
Wittgenstein and the Duty to Believe
Authors: Gómez-Alonso Modesto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is generally assumed that hinge-commitments are deprived of an epistemically normative structure, and yet, that although groundless, the acceptance of Wittgensteinian certainties is still rational. The problem comes from the intellectualist view of hinge-approvals which many recent proposals advance—one that falls short of the necessities and impossibilities pertaining to what would be the right description of how it is like to approve of hinges. I will raise the Newman-inspired worry as how to cash the abstract acceptance of principles of enquiry into real assent, as well as the question about how to extend normativity all the way back to foundations. It is my aim here to argue that ethical normativity is the only kind of normativity capable to ground the rationality of hinges. In defence of this, I will draw some consequences from Ernest Sosa’s claim that hinges about the external world are logically related to the cogito.
Finite Aperture Stereo
Authors: Bailey Matthew , Hilton Adrian , Guillemaut Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMulti-view stereo remains a popular choice when recovering 3D geometry, despite performance varying dramatically according to the scene content. Moreover, typical pinhole camera assumptions fail in the presence of shallow depth of field inherent to macro-scale scenes; limiting application to larger scenes with diffuse reflectance. However, the presence of defocus blur can itself be considered a useful reconstruction cue, particularly in the presence of view-dependent materials. With this in mind, we explore the complimentary nature of stereo and defocus cues in the context of multi-view 3D reconstruction; and propose a complete pipeline for scene modelling from a finite aperature camera that encompasses image formation, camera calibration and reconstruction stages. As part of our evaluation, an ablation study reveals how each cue contributes to the higher performance observed over a range of complex materials and geometries. Though of lesser concern with large apertures, the effects of image noise are also considered. By introducing pre-trained deep feature extraction into our cost function, we show a step improvement over per-pixel comparisons; as well as verify the cross-domain applicability of networks using largely in-focus training data applied to defocused images. Finally, we compare to a number of modern multi-view stereo methods, and demonstrate how the use of both cues leads to a significant increase in performance across several synthetic and real datasets.
Potential for Pastoral Irrigation Using Sulphate-Rich Waters at Macraes Gold Mine, Southern New Zealand
Authors: Rufaut Cathy , Weightman Erin , Craw Dave , Pillai Dhana , Kerr Gemma , Scott James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is growing recognition that elevated dissolved sulphate around mines will lead to significant environmental issues within the industry that need specific management. Various sulphate attenuation engineering methods exist, and so processes that could occur within a mine site are of particular interest. In this pilot study, we investigate the possibility of using high-sulphate mine water (~ 2500 mg/L) for irrigation of farm land. This approach is made feasible from mildly alkaline (pH ~ 8), non-toxic discharge waters at a semi-arid gold mine site. Geochemical models predicted Ca-sulphate will readily precipitate from the mine water at pH 6 and potentially attenuate downstream concentrations of dissolved sulphate. We used the slightly acidic natural soil environment (pH 5–6) of the mine to test initial model predictions in the laboratory and field trials. Ca-sulphate in gypsum formed in experimental soil columns, and the pH of input water lowered by 2–3 units. In the field, only minor soil gypsum was observed, and instead Mg-sulphate and Ca-carbonate were found more readily on evaporation surfaces. Additional terrestrial effects of soil dilution, leaching, and plant uptake of sulphate are discussed. Irrigated pasture had healthy, green plants that supported a potentially dual benefit of mine water irrigation to enhancing farm productivity in the local community. Irrigation is an effective way to manage mine waters with high dissolved sulphate but requires further trials to refine methods and the feed values of pasture.
Susceptibility of caprine mastitis pathogens to tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin: effect of serum on the in vitro potency of current macrolides
Authors: Galecio Juan Sebastian , Escudero Elisa , Corrales Juan Carlos , García-Romero Edgar , de la Fe Christian , Hernandis Verónica , Marin Pedro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMastitis is a significant disease in dairy ruminants, causing economic losses to the livestock industry and severe risks to public health. Antibiotic therapy is one of the most crucial practices to treat mastitis, although the susceptibility of caprine mastitis pathogens to current antibiotics has not been tested under standard or modified incubation conditions. This work evaluated the in vitro activity of tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin against caprine mastitis pathogens incubated following standard conditions of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and deviation method by 25% supplementation with goat serum. Mycoplasma agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from dairy goats with mastitis in Spain. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. The lowest MIC90 under standard conditions was obtained with danofloxacin for mastitis-causing pathogens. An exception was M. agalactiae, where danofloxacin and oxytetracycline obtained low values. However, after adding serum, gamithromycin showed the lowest MIC50 for S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and CNS. The lowest MIC50 was obtained with all the antibiotics tested (< 0.125 µg/ml) against M. agalactiae. Supplementing with serum resulted in a significant variation in tildipirosin and gamithromycin MIC values for CNS, S. aureus, M. agalagtiae, and E. coli. In brief, the MIC for antibiotics used against mastitis should be determined under conditions closely resembling intramammary infections to obtain representative susceptibility patterns against mastitis pathogens. Caprine mastitis pathogens were broadly susceptible to danofloxacin under standard conditions. The potency of macrolides against caprine mastitis pathogens increases when serum is present in culture media.
The Cyrenaica Coastal Survey Project: Documenting Endangered Maritime Heritage in Libya
Authors: Nikolaus Julia , Abdrbba Mohamed O. M. , Emrage Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the Cyrenaica Coastal Survey (CCS), a collaborative project between the Maritime Endangered Archaeology project and the Department of Antiquities (DoA) Cyrenaica in partnership with the Universities of Al Bayda and Benghazi in Libya. Since the Arab Spring in 2011 and the subsequent civil unrest in Libya, heritage professionals, the DoA, and various individuals interested in heritage have struggled to safeguard heritage sites across the country, as policies and laws that protected archaeological sites were no longer reinforced and adhered to in the wake of the revolution. This lack of finances, capacity, and governmental support led to an unprecedented loss of archaeological sites since 2011. The CCS survey records the current condition of maritime sites along the Cyrenaican coast. The project focuses on the smaller, lesser known, coastal heritage sites that are not as well studied as the much larger classical period port towns of Apollonia, Tocra, or Ptolemais. This article will focus on the results of the first phase of the project between ancient Phycus (modern Zawiet el-Hamama) and Kainopolis (modern Al-Ogla). The results of the first stage of the Cyrenaica Coastal Survey provides a snapshot of the damages and threats that coastal heritage faces in Libya, most notably (often unregulated) building activities, clearance, sand mining, and coastal erosion. Furthermore, this article highlights the importance of remote collaboration between UK institutions, in-country partners, and heritage authorities, especially in countries where the discipline of maritime archaeology has been established more recently.