bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency and equity of input subsidies: Experimental evidence from Tanzania†
Authors: Giné Xavier , Patel Shreena , Ribeiro Bernardo , Valley Ildrim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInput subsidy programs (ISP) often have two conflicting targeting goals: selecting individuals with the highest marginal return to inputs on efficiency grounds, or the poorest individuals on equity grounds, allowing for a secondary market to restore efficiency gains. To study this targeting dilemma, we implement a field experiment where beneficiaries of an ISP were selected via a lottery or a local committee. In lottery villages, we find evidence of displacement of private fertilizer and of a secondary market as beneficiaries are more likely to sell inputs to non‐beneficiaries. In contrast, in non‐lottery villages we find no evidence of displacement nor of elite capture. The impacts of the ISP on agricultural productivity and welfare are limited, suggesting that resources should be directed at complementary investments, such as improving soil quality and irrigation.
Democracy, Legitimacy, and Mega‐Project Politics: The Evolution of Lahore’s First BRT Corridor
Authors: Sajjad Fizzah , Javed Umair 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the politics surrounding the implementation of Pakistan’s first mass transit project, the Lahore Bus Rapid Transit corridor completed in 2013, to interrogate the role that infrastructure mega‐projects hold in highly factional and democratising polities of the global South. Drawing on the Lahore BRT as a case study, this paper posits that infrastructure development is increasingly interwoven with conceptions of political legitimacy and “modernising” governance, especially under conditions of nascent democratic competition. We argue that democratisation‐led transformations in the political‐institutional context of state power has helped fashion new roles for mega‐projects, which partly explains why state power is mobilised for projects that had been ignored for several decades. Finally, this paper cautions that this new role for infrastructure, while marking a departure from previous patterns, can simultaneously constrain the possibilities for sustainable interventions going forward.
Cross‐lagged analyses between gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress, and disability in emerging adults
Authors: Ross Emily Jayne , Cassisi Jeffrey E. , Joseph Dana , Dunn Michael E. , Jex Steve 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe gut–brain connection refers to communication between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) are characterized by GI symptoms that accompany distress and disability. Epidemiological research has suggested DGBI rates in emerging adults are increasing. This study investigated the relationship between GI health, distress, and disability in emerging adults across time. Emerging adults were recruited. A repeated‐measure design with a 1‐month time lag was used to collect data via an online survey (N = 861) across five academic semesters (Spring 2019 to Summer 2020). Measurement equivalence across time was established and a cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) was specified. Distress at Time 1 predicted GI symptoms at Time 2 (β = .206, SE = .084, p < .05). GI symptoms at Time 1 predicted disability at Time 2 (β = .117, SE = .039, p < .01). Higher disability at Time 1 predicted distress at Time 2 (β = .092, SE = .027, p < .01). The cross‐lagged design offers stronger causal inferences than cross‐sectional studies used to study the effects of GI symptoms. Findings provide initial evidence of a directional pathway between brain and gut rather than a bidirectional network. Findings highlight the importance of psychogastroenterology.
Increase of high‐risk tramadol use and harmful consequences in France from 2013 to 2018: Evidence from the triangulation of addictovigilance data
Authors: Roussin Anne , Soeiro Thomas , Fouque Charlotte , Jouanjus Emilie , Frauger Elisabeth , Fouilhé Nathalie , Mallaret Michel , Micallef Joëlle , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse ,   the French Addictovigilance Network (FAN)
Published: March 2022

AimsThe aim of this paper is to assess recent developments in non‐medical tramadol use, tramadol use disorder, illegal procurement and deaths.MethodsThis study used repeated cross‐sectional analysis of data collected nationwide from 2013 to 2018. Analysis was conducted through multisource monitoring of the French Addictovigilance Network of: (1) validated reports of high‐risk tramadol use, (2) record systems collecting information from toxicology experts investigating analgesic‐related deaths (DTA) and deaths related to substance abuse (DRAMES), and pharmacists for forged prescriptions (OSIAP), and (3) survey of drug users, with investigation of patterns of use while visiting addiction‐specialised institutions (OPPIDUM).ResultsDespite a plateauing level of tramadol exposure in the French population, the proportion of tramadol reports increased 1.7‐fold (187 cases in 2018, 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.74–3.63%), versus 1.9% (95% CI: 1.49–2.42% in 2013). Trends were similar in OSIAP: 11.9% of forged prescriptions in 2018 (95% CI: 10.56–13.45%); 1.7‐fold increase; in OPPIDUM: 0.76% (95% CI: 0.55–1.02); 2.2‐fold increase; and DRAMES: 3.2% of drug abuse‐related deaths in 2018 (95% CI: 1.89–5.16) versus 1.7% in 2013 (95% CI: 0.65–3.84). Tramadol was the primary opioid in analgesic‐related deaths in DTA (45% in 2018). Two profiles of high‐risk tramadol users were identified: (1) patients treated for pain or with tramadol persistence when pain disappeared (mainly women; mean age 44 years), and (2) individuals with non‐medical use for psychoactive effects (mainly men; mean age 36 years).ConclusionThe triangulation of the data obtained through addictovigilance monitoring evidenced a recent increase in high‐risk tramadol use. These findings have a practical impact on the limitation of the maximal duration of tramadol prescriptions.
Disruption and adaptation in response to the coronavirus pandemic – Assets as contextual moderators of enactment of health behaviours
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Belderson Pippa , Hanson Sarah , Ward Emma , Brown Tracey J. , Naughton Felix ,   the COVID‐19 health behaviour, wellbeing tracker study group
Published: March 2022

PurposeDuring the COVID‐19 UK first national lockdown (March–July 2020) enactment of healthy behaviours was fundamentally changed due to social restrictions. This study sought to understand perspectives on health behaviour change, as part of a wider study tracking reported health behaviour change over time.MethodsA purposive sample was selected.N = 40 qualitative interviews were conducted remotely (phone/video) from participants across England and Wales, and transcribed verbatim. Descriptive case studies were shared at regular analysis meetings. Inductive reflexive thematic coding was undertaken and coding was discussed using a team approach to agreeing analytical codes. A multiple lens theoretical perspective was adopted to illuminate the perceived influences and restrictions on participants' reports of health behaviour change.ResultsThere was a clear progressive narrative for all participants, through initial responses and reactions to the pandemic, framed as ‘disruption’, then, as lockdown was acclimatized to, evidence of ‘adaptation’. Adaptation was seen in terms of modification, substitution, adoption, discontinuation/cessation, stultification, maintenance and recalibration of health behaviours. An illustrative case study exemplifies the narrative encompassing these features and demonstrating the complex non‐linear interactions between context and enacted health behaviours.ConclusionsIndividuals responded to pandemic‐related social restrictions in complex ways. Those in contexts with existing social assets, community links and established patterns of healthy behaviours were able to respond positively, adapting by modifying behaviour and using technology to engage in healthy behaviours in new and innovative ways. For those in more vulnerable contexts, enacting (negative) health behaviour change was an expression of frustration at the limitations imposed by social restrictions.
Unusual skin manifestations in an elderly man
Authors: Azad Afshaun , Naidoo Khimara , Jassal-Prior Pooja , Ershadi Madiha , Svec Alexandr , Azad Jaskiran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 77-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of a widespread scaly erythematous patches affecting his trunk and limbs. This case report discusses the differential diagnosis in a patient with unusual lumps. It explores the common pitfalls in examining such cases and provides key learning points.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone concentration is associated with central adiposity and reproductive hormones in expectant fathers
Authors: Hadlow Narelle C. , Brown Suzanne J. , Lim Ee Mun , Prentice David , Pettigrew Simone , Cronin Sophie L. , Prescott Susan L. , Silva Desiree , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryObjectiveThe role of the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) as an indicator of physical and reproductive health in men is unclear. We assessed the relationships between AMH and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and metabolic parameters, in a cohort of expectant fathers.DesignORIGINS Project prospective cohort study.SettingCommunity‐dwelling men.ParticipantsPartners of pregnant women attending antenatal appointments.Main Outcome MeasuresSerum AMH, FSH, LH, testosterone, and metabolic parameters.ResultsIn 485 expectant fathers, median age 33 years, median AMH was 40 pmol/L (quartiles 29, 56). AMH was inversely correlated with FSH, age, and body mass index (BMI) (correlation coefficients: −.32, −.24, and −.17 respectively). The age association was nonlinear, with peak AMH between 20 and 30 years, a decline thereafter, and somewhat steady levels after 45 years. The inverse association of AMH with FSH was log‐linear and independent of age and BMI (β: −.07, SE: 0.01, p < .001). AMH was inversely correlated with waist circumference and directly associated with sex hormone‐binding globulin. Testosterone was moderately correlated with AMH (correlation coefficient: .09, β: .011, SE: 0.004, p = .014): this association was mediated by an inverse relationship with BMI (mediated proportion 0.49, p < .001).ConclusionsIn reproductively active men, lower AMH is a biomarker for advancing age, and for poorer metabolic and reproductive health. The inverse association between AMH and FSH is independent of age and BMI, whereas the association of AMH and testosterone is mediated via BMI. The utility of AMH to predict reproductive and cardiometabolic outcomes in men warrants further investigation.
Prognostic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression or favorable outcomes after peri‐implantitis surgical therapy
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Siqueira Rafael , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Kaur Gurpreet , Giannobile Anthony , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Wang Chin‐Wei , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of the peri‐implantitis remains complex and challenging with no consensus on which is the best treatment approach.PurposeTo examine the key local and systemic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression, or favorable outcomes after surgical peri‐implantitis therapy.Materials and MethodsRecords of patients treated for peri‐implantitis were screened. Patient‐, implant‐ and surgery‐related variables on and prior to the day of the surgery were collected (T0: time of peri‐implantitis treatment). If the treated implant was still in function when the data was collected, the patient invited to participate for a recall study visit (T1, longest follow‐up after treatment). Impacts of the variables on the implant survival, success, and peri‐implant bone change after treatment were investigated.ResultsEighty patients with 121 implants with a mean follow‐up of 42.6 ± 26.3 months were included. A total of 22 implants (18.2%) were removed during the follow‐up period. When relative bone loss (%) was in range 25%–50%, risk for implant removal increased 15 times compared to lower bone loss <25% (OR = 15.2; CI: 2.06–112.7; p = 0.008). Similarly, relative bone loss of >50% increased 20 times the risk of implant failure compared to the <25% (OR = 20.2; CI: 2.42–169.6; p = 0.006). For post‐treatment success rate, history of periodontitis significantly increased the risk of unsuccess treatment (OR = 3.07; p = 0.04) after resective surgery).ConclusionSevere bone loss (>50%) poses significantly higher risk of treatment failure.
Early crestal bone loss around implants placed at previously failed sites compared with initially integrated implants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oh Se‐Lim , Shiau Harlan J. , Ashour Izoh , Chen Hegang , Cruz Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is minimal information on early crestal bone loss (CBL) associated with implants placed at failed sites.PurposeThis retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate CBL of surviving and restored implants placed at previously failed sites (replaced implants [RIs]) compared to that of implants initially integrated and restored (pristine implants [PIs]), within the same subjects from implant placement to 17 months post‐delivery of restoration.MethodsSubjects who had both PI(s) and RI(s) were recruited. The following data were retrieved: patient demographics, implant locations, types of implant failure, use of bone graft procedure(s), and intraoral radiographs at implant placement (T0), restoration delivery (T1), and the post‐restoration follow‐up (T2). A blinded evaluator measured crestal bone levels at T0, T1, and T2.ResultsForty‐four implants (22 in the RI and 22 in the PI group) from the 22 subjects were reviewed. The 22 implants in the RI group were placed either at early failure (17) or late failure (5) sites. There was a 4.6 times higher likelihood of bone graft procedures performed in association with RIs compared to PIs when using a generalized linear mixed model. Differences in crestal bone levels were compared between the two groups at each time point. There were no significant differences in the mesial and mean crestal bone levels between the PI and RI groups. The RI group exhibited lower crestal bone levels on the distal side compared to the PI group at all time points. However, this difference was due to crestal bone level at T0 (p = 0.039) not due to implant replacement (p = 0.413) or bone graft procedure (p = 0.302) when using mixed regression modeling.ConclusionThe effect of replacements of implants at failed sites on CBL was not significant. RIs, once integrated, exhibited the same pattern of CBL as pristine implants.
The impact of deproteinized bovine bone particle size on histological and clinical bone healing outcomes in the augmented sinus: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kamolratanakul Paksinee , Mattheos Nikos , Yodsanga Somchai , Jansisyanont Pornchai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of different deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particle sizes on bone healing in maxillary sinus floor augmentation remains unclear. This study compared the newly formed tissue and angiogenesis‐related bone healing after sinus floor augmentation using large or small DBBM particles.Materials and MethodsOverall 32 patients were randomly divided into two groups using either large (1–2 mm) or small (0.25–1 mm) DBBM particles for sinus floor augmentation. After 6 months, the mineralized tissue volume was calculated using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis. The newly formed tissue composition was histomorphometrically analyzed. Angiogenesis was also examined by means of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Implant failure and marginal bone loss were measured at a 1‐year follow‐up. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t‐test.ResultsMicro‐CT analysis demonstrated that grafting with large particles resulted in higher bone volume (6.99 ± 2.72 mm3, p = 0.002) and Bone Volume/Tissue Volume (0.25 ± 0.1, p = 0.03) compared with small particles (3.76 ± 1.83 mm3 and 0.14 ± 0.13, respectively). Small particles showed higher non‐mineralized tissue volume (26.31 mm3) compared with large particle group (17.4 ± 5.34 mm3) with p = 0.001. The histological data revealed significantly higher area of newly formed bone (32.15% ± 14.04% for the large particle and 15.99% ± 14.12% for the small particle groups, p = 0.004). Likewise, non‐mineralized tissue was significantly greater in the small particle group (66.48% ± 20.97%) compared with the large particle group (44.36%, p = 0.016). Moreover, use of large particles resulted in a significantly higher VEGF staining intensity score and VEFG positive cells. No implant failure was recorded in both groups, while no difference was found in terms of marginal bone loss at the 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsSinus floor augmentation using large DBBM particles resulted in more angiogenesis expression, higher bone volume, and new bone formation at 6 months after sinus augmentation. However, clinical outcomes with regards to implant placement were similar in both groups.
Immediate implant placement vs. early implant treatment in the esthetic area. A 1‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Puisys Algirdas , Auzbikaviciute Viktorija , Vindasiute‐Narbute Egle , Pranskunas Mindaugas , Razukevicus Dainius , Linkevicius Tomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of implant placement and temporization timing on esthetic outcomes of single maxillary anterior implants with intact bone walls and interproximal bone.Materials and methodsTest group patients received an immediate implant with immediate provisional restoration and socket preservation, while patients in the control group received an early implant placement with guided bone regeneration and delayed loading. Patients were followed for 1 year after final prosthetic and pink esthetic score (PES), mid‐buccal mucosal level (MBML), crestal bone changes (CBC), and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters, and patient chair time was recorded.ResultsFifty patients received the intended treatment (25 test and 25 control). No implants failed. PES after 1 year was 12.8 ± 1.19 for the test group and 12.5 ± 1.36 for the control group (p = .362). MBML difference between baseline (after final crown delivery) and the 1‐year follow‐up was gain of 0.2 ± 1.02 mm for the test group (p = .047) and no change in the control group. CBC after 1 year were 0.1 mm ± 0.21 mm (mesial) and 0.2 mm ± 0.22 mm (distal) for the test group and 0.2 mm ± 0.25 mm (mesial) and 0.3 mm ± 0.19 mm (distal) for the control group, p = .540 (mesial) and p = .462 (distal). Test group required half the chair time (127 ± 13 min) when compared to the control group (259 ± 15 min, p < .001).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this trial, both treatment protocols resulted in excellent esthetic outcomes with PES >12 after 1‐year follow‐up.
Stock price forecasting based on improved time convolution network
Authors: Guo Wenchao , Li Zhigang , Gao Chuang , Yang Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStock forecasting is difficult because of its complexity and uncertainty. To better predict stock prices and then provide stockholders with reasonable suggestions, this paper proposes an improved time convolution network (TCN) model for predicting stock prices. The model used can make up for some of the shortcomings of the traditional neural network, use the trading data in the stock market, and put the preprocessed data of financial news into the model for training to improve the accuracy of prediction. Using the Shanghai Securities Exchange (SSE) 50 Index (Shanghai Securities Exchange 50 Index selects the most representative 50 stocks with large scale and good liquidity in Shanghai stock market as sample stocks) and news text crawled from financial web pages as samples, predict the direction of the SSE 50 Index's rise and fall. After using different network structure hyperparameters to adjust the model structure, the prediction effect is compared with other models, and it is found that the proposed improved TCN model can effectively improve the effect of predicting the rise and fall of the SSE 50 index, and can complete the model training and predict the stock price faster.
Mobility, educational, and social performance of children with learning problems in Taiwan: A 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Lin Lien‐Chieh , Liou Tsan‐Hon , Chi Wen‐Chou , Yen Chia‐Feng , Liao Hua‐Fang , Wu Chin‐Wen 
Published: March 2022

AimThis study evaluated the performance of children with learning problems in Taiwan by using the Taiwan Data Bank of Persons with Disability.MethodWe included 3854 children (2343 males, 1511 females; mean [SD] age 9y 11mo [2y 4mo]) with specific learning disorder (SLD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, epilepsy, or intellectual disabilities for analysis. We used the Functioning Scale of the Disability Evaluation System‐Child version to investigate performance at follow‐up for at least 3 years.ResultsThese participants demonstrated improvement across all the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability including for mobility, learning, social participation, and daily living. The children with SLD (p=0.3) and epilepsy (p=0.442) did not demonstrate significant improvement in learning, whereas those with ADHD (p<0.001), autism (p<0.001), and intellectual disabilities (p<0.001) did. The children with epilepsy displayed the most impairment and least improvement.InterpretationThis cross‐diagnostic study of learning problems indicated the children with autism or ADHD received more structural education. However, education strategies for those with SLD or epilepsy required improvement. Finally, SLD is possibly underdiagnosed in children, and children with epilepsy are affected in multiple aspects.What this paper adds

Specific learning disorder (SLD), ADHD, autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability can cause learning problems in children.

Children with ADHD and autism showed more improvement in academic performance.

SLD has been neglected and underdiagnosed, resulting in poor improvement.

Children with epilepsy have multiple impairments and exhibited minimal improvement.
Assessing the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health
Authors: Fagre Anna C. , Cohen Lily E. , Eskew Evan A. , Farrell Max , Glennon Emma , Joseph Maxwell B. , Frank Hannah K. , Ryan Sadie J. , Carlson Colin J , Albery Gregory F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans to animals, and its potential to threaten conservation and public health. To assess this threat, we reviewed published evidence of human‐to‐wildlife transmission events, with a focus on how such events could threaten animal and human health. We identified 97 verified examples, involving a wide range of pathogens; however, reported hosts were mostly non‐human primates or large, long‐lived captive animals. Relatively few documented examples resulted in morbidity and mortality, and very few led to maintenance of a human pathogen in a new reservoir or subsequent “secondary spillover” back into humans. We discuss limitations in the literature surrounding these phenomena, including strong evidence of sampling bias towards non‐human primates and human‐proximate mammals and the possibility of systematic bias against reporting human parasites in wildlife, both of which limit our ability to assess the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission. We outline how researchers can collect experimental and observational evidence that will expand our capacity for risk assessment for human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission.