bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Prediction of ENSO Over the Past 137 Years Using the CESM Model
Authors: Liu Ting , Tang Youmin , Wang Chunzai , Song Xunshu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate probabilistic predictability for the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by assessing both actual prediction skill and potential predictability using a long‐term retrospective forecast from a complicated coupled general circulation model (CGCM). Our results indicate that above and below normal events are more predictable than neutral events. The probabilistic prediction skill suffers prominent “Spring Predictability Barrier” and undergoes notable interdecadal variation. For the above and below normal events, the lowest probabilistic prediction skills appear during 1920–1940 and the higher prediction skills occur after the 1960s. The seasonal and interdecadal variability of the probabilistic prediction skill stems mainly from the variability of the ENSO signal intensity. There is much room for improvement for the predictability of all three categories of ENSO events. At least an additional 1 or 2 months of skillful probabilistic predictions can be expected to progress in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a CGCM to evaluate probabilistic predictability for ENSO at various time scales.
Soliton formation and spectral translation into visible on CMOS-compatible 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform
Authors: Wang Chengli , Li Jin , Yi Ailun , Fang Zhiwei , Zhou Liping , Wang Zhe , Niu Rui , Chen Yang , Zhang Jiaxiang , Cheng Ya , Liu Junqiu , Dong Chun-Hua , Ou Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in integrated soliton microcombs open the route to a wide range of chip-based communication, sensing, and metrology applications. The technology translation from laboratory demonstrations to real-world applications requires the fabrication process of photonics chips to be fully CMOS-compatible, such that the manufacturing can take advantage of the ongoing evolution of semiconductor technology at reduced cost and with high volume. Silicon nitride has become the leading CMOS platform for integrated soliton devices, however, it is an insulator and lacks intrinsic second-order nonlinearity for electro-optic modulation. Other materials have emerged such as AlN, LiNbO3, AlGaAs and GaP that exhibit simultaneous second- and third-order nonlinearities. Here, we show that silicon carbide (SiC) -- already commercially deployed in nearly ubiquitous electrical power devices such as RF electronics, MOSFET, and MEMS due to its wide bandgap properties, excellent mechanical properties, piezoelectricity and chemical inertia -- is a new competitive CMOS-compatible platform for nonlinear photonics. High-quality-factor microresonators (Q = 4 × 106) are fabricated on 4H-SiC-on-insulator thin films, where a single soliton microcomb is generated. In addition, we observe wide spectral translation of chaotic microcombs from near-infrared to visible due to the second-order nonlinearity of SiC. Our work highlights the prospects of SiC for future low-loss integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics that could harness electro-opto-mechanical interactions on a monolithic platform.
Characterization of mutant versions of the R-RAS2/TC21 GTPase found in tumors
Authors: Clavaín Laura , Fernández-Pisonero Isabel , Movilla Nieves , Lorenzo-Martín L. Francisco , Nieto Blanca , Abad Antonio , García-Navas Rósula , Llorente-González Clara , Sánchez-Martín Manuel , Vicente-Manzanares Miguel , Santos Eugenio , Alarcón Balbino , García-Aznar José M. , Dosil Mercedes , Bustelo Xosé R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe R-RAS2 GTP hydrolase (GTPase) (also known as TC21) has been traditionally considered quite similar to classical RAS proteins at the regulatory and signaling levels. Recently, a long-tail hotspot mutation targeting the R-RAS2/TC21 Gln72 residue (Q72L) was identified as a potent oncogenic driver. Additional point mutations were also found in other tumors at low frequencies. Despite this, little information is available regarding the transforming role of these mutant versions and their relevance for the tumorigenic properties of already-transformed cancer cells. Here, we report that many of the RRAS2 mutations found in human cancers are highly transforming when expressed in immortalized cell lines. Moreover, the expression of endogenous R-RAS2Q72L is important for maintaining optimal levels of PI3K and ERK activities as well as for the adhesion, invasiveness, proliferation, and mitochondrial respiration of ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. Endogenous R-RAS2Q72L also regulates gene expression programs linked to both cell adhesion and inflammatory/immune-related responses. Endogenous R-RAS2Q72L is also quite relevant for the in vivo tumorigenic activity of these cells. This dependency is observed even though these cancer cell lines bear concurrent gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding RAS signaling elements. Finally, we show that endogenous R-RAS2, unlike the case of classical RAS proteins, specifically localizes in focal adhesions. Collectively, these results indicate that gain-of-function mutations of R-RAS2/TC21 play roles in tumor initiation and maintenance that are not fully redundant with those regulated by classical RAS oncoproteins.
Potential of TCR sequencing in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Goel Manisha , Eugster Anne , Schetelig Johannes , Bonifacio Ezio , Bornhäuser Martin , Link-Rachner Cornelia S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains one of the major complications following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). GvHD can occur in almost every tissue, with the skin, liver, and intestines being the mainly affected organs. T cells are implicated in initiating GvHD. T cells identify a broad range of antigens and mediate the immune response through receptors on their surfaces (T cell receptors, TCRs). The composition of TCRs within a T cell population defines the TCR repertoire of an individual, and this repertoire represents exposure to self and non-self proteins. Monitoring the changes in the TCR repertoire using TCR sequencing can provide an indication of the dynamics of a T cell population. Monitoring the frequency and specificities of specific TCR clonotypes longitudinally in different conditions and specimens (peripheral blood, GvHD-affected tissue samples) can provide insights into factors modulating immune reactions following allogeneic transplantation and will help to understand the underlying mechanisms mediating GvHD. This review provides insights into current studies of the TCR repertoire in GvHD and potential future clinical implications of TCR sequencing.
A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects
Authors: Troja E. , Fryer C. L. , O’Connor B. , Ryan G. , Dichiara S. , Kumar A. , Ito N. , Gupta R. , Wollaeger R. T. , Norris J. P. , Kawai N. , Butler N. R. , Aryan A. , Misra K. , Hosokawa R. , Murata K. L. , Niwano M. , Pandey S. B. , Kutyrev A. , van Eerten H. J. , Chase E. A. , Hu Y.-D. , Caballero-Garcia M. D. , Castro-Tirado A. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of high-energy radiation arising from energetic cosmic explosions. Bursts of long (greater than two seconds) duration are produced by the core-collapse of massive stars1, and those of short (less than two seconds) duration by the merger of compact objects, such as two neutron stars2. A third class of events with hybrid high-energy properties was identified3, but never conclusively linked to a stellar progenitor. The lack of bright supernovae rules out typical core-collapse explosions4–6, but their distance scales prevent sensitive searches for direct signatures of a progenitor system. Only tentative evidence for a kilonova has been presented7,8. Here we report observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 211211A, which classify it as a hybrid event and constrain its distance scale to only 346 megaparsecs. Our measurements indicate that its lower-energy (from ultraviolet to near-infrared) counterpart is powered by a luminous (approximately 1042 erg per second) kilonova possibly formed in the ejecta of a compact object merger.
A plant-derived natural photosynthetic system for improving cell anabolism
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Liu Xin , Gu Chenhui , Zhong Peiyu , Song Nan , Li Mobai , Dai Zhanqiu , Fang Xiangqian , Liu Zhaoming , Zhang Jianfeng , Tang Ruikang , Fan Shunwu , Lin Xianfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInsufficient intracellular anabolism is a crucial factor involved in many pathological processes in the body1,2. The anabolism of intracellular substances requires the consumption of sufficient intracellular energy and the production of reducing equivalents. ATP acts as an ‘energy currency’ for biological processes in cells3,4, and the reduced form of NADPH is a key electron donor that provides reducing power for anabolism5. Under pathological conditions, it is difficult to correct impaired anabolism and to increase insufficient levels of ATP and NADPH to optimum concentrations1,4,6–8. Here we develop an independent and controllable nanosized plant-derived photosynthetic system based on nanothylakoid units (NTUs). To enable cross-species applications, we use a specific mature cell membrane (the chondrocyte membrane (CM)) for camouflage encapsulation. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that these CM-NTUs enter chondrocytes through membrane fusion, avoid lysosome degradation and achieve rapid penetration. Moreover, the CM-NTUs increase intracellular ATP and NADPH levels in situ following exposure to light and improve anabolism in degenerated chondrocytes. They can also systemically correct energy imbalance and restore cellular metabolism to improve cartilage homeostasis and protect against pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Our therapeutic strategy for degenerative diseases is based on a natural photosynthetic system that can controllably enhance cell anabolism by independently providing key energy and metabolic carriers. This study also provides an enhanced understanding of the preparation and application of bioorganisms and composite biomaterials for the treatment of disease.
Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors
Authors: Xiong Qing , Cao Lei , Ma Chengbao , Tortorici M. Alejandra , Liu Chen , Si Junyu , Liu Peng , Gu Mengxue , Walls Alexandra C. , Wang Chunli , Shi Lulu , Tong Fei , Huang Meiling , Li Jing , Zhao Chufeng , Shen Chao , Chen Yu , Zhao Huabin , Lan Ke , Corti Davide , Veesler David , Wang Xiangxi , Yan Huan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and several bat coronaviruses use dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as an entry receptor1–4. However, the receptor for NeoCoV—the closest known MERS-CoV relative found in bats—remains unclear5. Here, using a pseudotype virus entry assay, we found that NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180, can efficiently bind to and use specific bat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) orthologues and, less favourably, human ACE2 as entry receptors through their receptor-binding domains (RBDs) on the spike (S) proteins. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed an RBD–ACE2 binding interface involving protein–glycan interactions, distinct from those of other known ACE2-using coronaviruses. We identified residues 337–342 of human ACE2 as a molecular determinant restricting NeoCoV entry, whereas a NeoCoV S pseudotyped virus containing a T510F RBD mutation efficiently entered cells expressing human ACE2. Although polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies or MERS-CoV RBD-specific nanobodies did not cross-neutralize NeoCoV or PDF-2180, an ACE2-specific antibody and two broadly neutralizing betacoronavirus antibodies efficiently inhibited these two pseudotyped viruses. We describe MERS-CoV-related viruses that use ACE2 as an entry receptor, underscoring a promiscuity of receptor use and a potential zoonotic threat.
Epidemiological characteristics and quarantine assessment of imported international COVID-19 cases, March to December 2020, Chengdu, China
Authors: Zhang Wenqiang , Yue Yong , Hu Min , Du Changhui , Wang Cheng , Tuo Xiaoli , Jiang Xiaoman , Fan Shuangfeng , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Heng , Liang Xian , Luan Rongsheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInternational flights have accelerated the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Determination of the optimal quarantine period for international travelers is crucial to prevent the local spread caused by imported COVID-19 cases. We performed a retrospective epidemiological study using 491 imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu, China, to describe the characteristic of the cases and estimate the time from arrival to confirmation for international travelers using nonparametric survival methods. Among the 491 imported COVID-19 cases, 194 (39.5%) were asymptomatic infections. The mean age was 35.6 years (SD = 12.1 years) and 83.3% were men. The majority (74.1%) were screened positive for SARS-CoV-2, conducted by Chengdu Customs District, the People’s Republic of China. Asymptomatic cases were younger than presymptomatic or symptomatic cases (P < 0.01). The daily number of imported COVID-19 cases displayed jagged changes. 95% of COVID-19 cases were confirmed by PT-PCR within 14 days (95% CI 13–15) after arriving in Chengdu. A 14-day quarantine measure can ensure non-infection among international travelers with a 95% probability. Policymakers may consider an extension of the quarantine period to minimize the negative consequences of the COVID-19 confinement and prevent the international spread of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the government should consider the balance between COVID-19 and socioeconomic development, which may cause more serious social and health crises.
Magnon mode transition in real space
Authors: Iida Kazuki , Kodama Katsuaki , Inamura Yasuhiro , Nakamura Mitsutaka , Chang Lieh-Jeng , Shamoto Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpin excitation of an ilmenite FeTiO3 powder sample is measured by time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. The dynamic magnetic pair-density function DM(r, E) is obtained from the dynamic magnetic structure factor SM(Q, E) by the Fourier transformation. The real space spin dynamics exhibit magnon mode transitions in the spin–spin correlation with increasing energy from no-phase-shift to π-phase-shift. The mode transition is well reproduced by a simulation using the reciprocal space magnon dispersions. This analysis provides a novel opportunity to study the local spin dynamics of various magnetic systems.
Comparative study on mineral dissemination characteristics of phosphate ores by X-ray micro computed tomography and BGRIMM Process Mineralogy Analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Qiu Yueqin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBecause the 2D (two-dimensional) characterization analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics requires complex sample preparation, destroys the sample structure, and produces stereological errors, a new method for analyzing mineral dissemination characteristics in the ore in situ, non-destructively and stereoscopically, is required. The research object in this paper is a medium–low grade calcareous-magnesium phosphate ore in Guizhou, and XMT (X-ray microtomography) and BPMA (BGRIMM Process Mineralogy Analysis) are used to conduct a comparative study of 3D (three-dimensional) and 2D analysis of mineral dissemination characteristics. The results of grain size analysis show that fluorapatite and gangue minerals belong to equal-grain dissemination, with very little fine particle content. The results of 2D analysis are finer than those of 3D analysis, but 3D non-destructive analysis produces more accurate results. In addition to particle size analysis, the binding relationship between minerals analysis results show that, when compared to the 2D distribution of minerals, 3D visualization can more intuitively and stereoscopically observe the distribution of minerals inside the ore and the intergrowth relationship between minerals. Through comparative study, it can be seen that the application of 3D visualization has developed a new method for the study of mineral dissemination characteristics, which makes up for the shortcomings of 2D analysis.
A detailed investigation of dielectric-modulated dual-gate TMD FET based label-free biosensor via analytical modelling
Authors: Kumari Monika , Singh Niraj Kumar , Sahoo Manodipan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, an analytical model is developed for DM-DG-TMD-FET- based Biosensor including Fringing-field effects. The Analytical model has been developed for two different Device structures, namely Device structure-1 (without a gate above the nano-cavity) and Device structure-2 (with a gate above the nano-cavity) based on modulation of the dielectric constant of biomolecules in the nano-cavity region. The proposed model has been validated against both numerical quantum simulation results with the help of a few fitting parameters and it also agrees with the 2-dimensional numeric simulator SILVACO TCAD used in this work. The presence/absence of biomolecules has been detected by the metric of threshold voltage sensitivity $$S_{Vth}$$

S

Vth

and drain current $$I_{d}$$

I
d

for the neutral as well as charged biomolecules. Sensitivities of partially filled nano-cavities arising out of steric hindrance in both the biosensors are compared. Optimization of device dimensions has also been included in this work to enhance the sensitivity of the biosensors. It has been witnessed that the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is $$\sim$$
∼
100% higher in Device structure-1 for neutral biomolecules with dielectric constant $$\kappa$$
κ
= 12, when compared to Device structure-2 for fully filled cavities. Whereas for the charged biomolecules, Device structure-1 shows $$\sim$$
∼
50% enhanced sensitivity than Device structure-2 for $$N_{f}=-1\times 10^{-12}$$

N
f

=
-
1
×

10

-
12

$$\text{C}/\text{cm}^2$$

C
/

cm
2

. Device structure-1 demonstrates $$\sim$$
∼
120% higher sensitivity than Device structure-2 with partially filled cavities (i.e. 66% filled cavity). Finally, benchmarking of the proposed biosensor is presented with contemporary, state-of-the-art biosensors and it is highlighted that $$MoS_{2}$$

M
o

S
2

FET-based biosensor emerges with a superior sensitivity of $$S_{Vth}$$

S

Vth

= 0.81 V for $$\kappa = 12$$

κ
=
12

.
Design of double functionalized carbon nanotube for amphotericin B and genetic material delivery
Authors: Yazdani Sara , Mozaffarian Mehrdad , Pazuki Gholamreza , Hadidi Naghmeh , Gallego Idoia , Puras Gustavo , Pedraz Jose Luis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present work, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were successively functionalized with phospholipid DSPE-PEG carboxylic acid, and then, with ethylenediamine (EDA), to obtain double functionalized single wall carbon nanotube (DFSWCNT). Then, DFSWCNT was applied as a carrier for delivering amphotericin B (Amb) and EGFP plasmid. FSWCNT’s concentration obtained via UV–visible analysis was 0.99 mg/mL. The TGA analysis results provided the lost weights of DSPE-PEG-COOH, EDA, Amb and SWCNT impurities. XPS results showed that carbon atoms’ percentage decreased during the functionalization processes from 97.2% (SWCNT) to 76.4% (FSWCNT) and 69.9% (DFSWNCT). Additionally, the oxygen atoms’ percentage increased from 2.3% (SWCNT) to 21% and 22.5% for FSWCNT and DFSWCNT, respectively. New bonds such as C–N and N–C=O appeared in the synthesized nanocarrier. The IG/ID ratio in Raman analysis decreased from 7.15 (SWCNT) to 4.08 (FSWCNT). The amount of Amb released to phosphate buffer saline medium was about 33% at pH = 5.5 and 75% at pH = 7.4 after 48 h. CCK8 results confirmed that the toxicity of functionalized SWCNT had decreased. In a 2:1 ratio of DFSWCNT/EGFP plasmid, the cell viability (87%) and live transfected cells (56%) were at their maximum values. The results indicate that carbon nanotubes have the potential to be applied as drug/gene delivery systems with outstanding properties such as high loading capacity and easy penetration to cell membrane.
Power mean based image segmentation in the presence of noise
Authors: Rahman Afzal , Ali Haider , Badshah Noor , Zakarya Muhammad , Hussain Hameed , Rahman Izaz Ur , Ahmed Aftab , Haleem Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn image segmentation and in general in image processing, noise and outliers distort contained information posing in this way a great challenge for accurate image segmentation results. To ensure a correct image segmentation in presence of noise and outliers, it is necessary to identify the outliers and isolate them during a denoising pre-processing or impose suitable constraints into a segmentation framework. In this paper, we impose suitable removing outliers constraints supported by a well-designed theory in a variational framework for accurate image segmentation. We investigate a novel approach based on the power mean function equipped with a well established theoretical base. The power mean function has the capability to distinguishes between true image pixels and outliers and, therefore, is robust against outliers. To deploy the novel image data term and to guaranteed unique segmentation results, a fuzzy-membership function is employed in the proposed energy functional. Based on qualitative and quantitative extensive analysis on various standard data sets, it has been observed that the proposed model works well in images having multi-objects with high noise and in images with intensity inhomogeneity in contrast with the latest and state-of-the-art models.
A social media network analysis of trypophobia communication
Authors: Vargas Meza Xanat , Koyama Shinichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrypophobia has attracted scientific attention in recent years. Few related studies have recruited participants using online methods, and even less is known about health communication in an environment where trypophobia was first widely discussed (i.e., the Internet). This study describes communication patterns in a Facebook group for trypophobia by detecting frequent topics, top contributors, and their discourses. We identified key commenters and performed word frequency analysis, word co-occurrence analysis, topic modeling, and content analysis. Impactful users posted and replied more often when discussing peer-reviewed science. Triggering content was actively removed by the group administrators. A wide variety of triggers not discussed in trypophobia-related literature were frequently mentioned. However, there was a lack of discussion on peer-reviewed treatments. The combination of a few expert and many supportive amateur gatekeepers willing to understand trypophobia, along with active monitoring by administrators, might contribute to in-group trust and the sharing of peer-reviewed science by top users of the trypophobia Facebook group.