bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A life path different from one of labour in the Gulf’: Ongoing mobility among Nepali labour migrants in Qatar and their families
Authors: Limbu Amrita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLabour migration is commonly attached to the idea of a ‘better’ future for the migrants and their families, but there is less emphasis on how this does not materialize for many labour migrants. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among Nepalis working in Qatar and select families in Nepal, this article focuses on the intergenerational migration cycle or migration as open‐ended and ongoing across generations. While the Gulf migration scholarship has mostly concentrated on low‐skilled workers, I draw on the cases of migrants across different skill/income levels to show how the migrants’ and/or families’ desires for ‘ongoing mobility’ to the Gulf or the West panned out differently. I argue that despite wanting a different and better life path for the future generation, one unlike theirs of labour in the Gulf, many Gulf migrants are unable to meet these familial expectations; rather, migration histories repeat in a continual quest to overcome economic constraints.
Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth
Authors: Murray Peter E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review guidance is a work in progress because the limitations of regenerative endodontics are still being discovered. The endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth with a necrotic pulp can vary considerably among endodontic practitioners. Whereas, regenerative endodontic treatments are growing in popularity and are creating ever more complex treatment protocols, involving revascularization and/or autologous platelet‐rich plasma and scaffolds to elicit host stem cell de novo tissue formation to reestablish the vitality of immature teeth for the purpose of continuing root maturation. Despite much evolving controversy about their potential benefits, risks, prognosis, and contraindications, this review is aimed to discuss how to ensure that regenerative endodontic treatments are successful, by strictly adhering to case selection criteria, and following precise steps to accomplish and monitor the success of the treatment. A review of the endodontic literature was performed, together with practical observations of the problems and outcomes of performing regenerative endodontic treatments. Traditionally, apexification has long been the treatment of choice provided to immature teeth with a necrotic pulp. Regenerative endodontics may be provided as an alternative to apexification, if the tooth and patient meet all the case selection criteria, and if there are no contraindications. Regenerative endodontics has the unique potential advantage of being able to continue the root development in immature permanent teeth, thereby potentially saving the teeth for the lifetime of the patient. Whereas, conventional endodontic root canal treatment, Cvek partial pulpotomy, apexogenesis, and apexification, should always be provided when these treatments are more likely to benefit the patient because they can be more successful than regenerative endodontics.
Hole‐doped high entropy ferrites: Structure and charge compensation mechanisms in (Gd0.2La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Y0.2)1−xCaxFeO3
Authors: Eiselt Luis , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst , Sarkar Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh entropy oxides (HEOs) can be defined as single‐phase oxide solid solutions with five or more cations in near equiatomic proportion occupying a given cation sub‐lattice. The compositional flexibility while retaining the phase purity can be considered one of the major strengths of this materials class. Taking advantage of this aspect, here we explore the extent to which an aliovalent hole dopant can be incorporated into a perovskite‐HEO system. Nine systems, (Gd0.2La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Y0.2)1−xCaxFeO3, with varying amount of Ca content (x = 0–.5) are synthesized using nebulized spray pyrolysis. Single‐phase orthorhombic (Pbnm) structure can be retained up to 20% of Ca doping. Beyond 20% of Ca, a secondary rhombohedral (R‐3c) phase emerges. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra indicate that charge compensation occurs only via oxygen vacancy formation in the single‐phase systems containing up to 15% of Ca. In addition, partial transition from Fe3+ to Fe4+ occurs in the 20% Ca‐doped case. Room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy further reflects the coexistence of multiple magnetic phases in crystallographic single‐phase (Gd0.2La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Y0.2)1−xCaxFeO3, which is supported by magnetometry measurements. These initial results show the potential of charge doping to tune structural–magneto–electronic properties in compositionally complex HEOs, warranting further research in this direction.
Shear failure evolution and its dispersion of plain woven ceramic matrix composites z‐pin structure
Authors: Yu Guoqiang , Ni Zheng , Shi Jian , Xie Chuyang , Gao Xiguang , Song Yingdong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the digital image correlation technique was applied to the shear test of 2D SiC/SiC composites z‐pin with the purpose of analyzing the shear behavior of the plain woven pin and studying the structure factors of test results dispersion. After obtaining the strain–stress curves of the joint's connection region, the evolution of z‐pin shear failure process was investigated. The z‐pin's failure fractures were observed, and the main factors of its dispersion of shear mechanical properties were discussed. Changing the yarn parameter of model building and importing into Workbench for calculation, the average stress results in the shear plane were obtained. Different simulation results show that optimization of plain‐woven pin structure parameters can effectively improve its shear strength.
Effect of disability severity on home‐based care quality among families with Uygur and Kazakh disabled older adults in far western rural China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhao Shu Hua , He Bin , Tang Xue Ting , Wang Xing Le , Zhang Meng Meng , Zhou Jia , Wang Yu Huan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore how family functioning and family resilience mediate the relationship between disability severity and quality of home‐based care among families with disabled older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 431 families with Uygur and Kazakh disabled older adults in Xinjiang, China, in 2020. The data were collected using the Katz Activity of Daily Living Scale; Mini‐Mental State Examination; Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve Index Scale; Family Resilience Assessment Scale; and Family Caregiving Consequences Inventory Scale. All mediation effects were estimated in SPSS26.0.ResultsDisability severity, family functioning and family resilience were all significantly correlated with home‐based care quality. Disability severity had a 46.16% direct effect on home‐based care quality and a 53.84% indirect effect on home‐based care quality independently and in series through family functioning and family resilience.ConclusionsDisability severity directly affected home‐based care quality and had an indirect influence via family functioning and family resilience. Multidisciplinary care teams should focus on families with disabled older adults and help them improve family functioning and family resilience by implementing targeted interventions, so as to improve home‐based care quality.
Synergistic effect of self‐efficacy and social support on regular participation in leisure‐time physical activity among nursing staff
Authors: Zhang Yuan , El Ghaziri Mazen , de Castillero Elizabeth Ronan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThis exploratory study, using mixed methods research, aimed to (1) examine the associations among self‐efficacy, social support and regular leisure‐time physical activity of nursing staff, and (2) identify motivators and barriers to leisure‐time physical activity.BackgroundIt is important to engage nursing staff in regular leisure‐time physical activity as a countermeasure against high occupational stress and poor health. Limited research has examined nursing staff's participation in leisure‐time physical activity and associated factors.MethodsNursing staff employed at a community hospital in the northeastern United States were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional survey with close‐ and open‐ended questions in March 2016.ResultsA total of 363 nurses and nursing assistants responded, among whom, 59.8% reported regular leisure‐time physical activity. Poisson regression models suggested that self‐efficacy and social support had an interactive association with increased prevalence of regular leisure‐time physical activity.ConclusionSelf‐efficacy and social support have an important synergistic association with regular leisure‐time physical activity of nursing staff. Effective interventions intending to facilitate nursing staff's leisure‐time physical activity should consider improving their self‐efficacy and social support. Qualitative comments suggested that work‐out areas in the workplace with release time and organized activity may promote regular leisure‐time physical activity of nursing staff.
Human mobility in the context of environmental and climate change: Recent data collection tools from the International Organization for Migration to address key methodological and conceptual issues
Authors: Nicoletti Alessandro , Melde Susanne , Guadagno Lorenzo , Bilsborrow Richard E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper outlines recent data collection tools and methodologies that the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been using in order to gather information on human mobility as influenced by environmental factors and their impacts. It looks at alternative ways for collecting and analysing data in the face of methodological challenges related to the multicausality of movements, the voluntary/involuntary continuum in human (im)mobility decisions in the context of environmental and climate change, and the policy and epistemological imperative from viewing migration as an adaptation strategy. The paper finds that certain data collection approaches can be quickly deployed in rapid‐onset disasters as well as applied in contexts of gradual, slow‐onset environmental change to provide information useful for operational responses to immediate crises and/or for developing policies in response. Some of the tools can be useful in both contexts and may support both immediate and long‐term operational, policy and research objectives.
27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Siying , Li Yichun , Wei Lulu , Fang Fang , Jiang Yulan , Chen Keyan , Yang Xiaotian , Liu Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and the need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease. A systematic literature search up to June 2022 was performed and 1264 subjects with the vitreoretinal disease at the baseline of the studies; 562 of them were using the 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery, and 722 were using 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and the need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease using the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had a significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative wound complication (OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.95, P = .02), and wound suture number (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.71, P = .002), and best corrected visual acuity (MD, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.001, P = .02) compared with 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. However, 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had no significant difference in the wound closure time (MD, −8.45; 95% CI, −23.44 to 6.55, P = .27), operation time (MD, 0.85; 95% CI, −1.17 to 2.86, P = .41), intraocular pressure at postoperative day 1 (MD, 0.42; 95% CI, −1.45‐2.28, P = .66), primary anatomical success rate (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.42‐1.63, P = .58), and central macular thickness (MD, 1.81; 95% CI, −21.76 to 25.37, P = .88) compared to 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. The 27‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had a significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative wound complication, wound suture number, and best corrected visual acuity, and no significant difference in the wound closure time, operation time, intraocular pressure at postoperative day 1, primary anatomical success rate, and central macular thickness compared to 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of 12 out of 15 studies in the meta‐analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Electrochemical characterization of TiNb2O7 as anode material synthesized using microwave‐assisted microemulsion route
Authors: Liang Kai‐Hsiang , Som Sudipta , Gupta Karan Kumar , Lu Chung‐Hsin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTiNb2O7 materials were synthesized via a microwave‐assisted microemulsion technique and a conventional solid‐state reaction route. Microwave‐assisted microemulsion process produced TiNb2O7 powders with small particle sizes (50–100 nm) and increased surface area (22.4 m2/g) in comparison to the samples synthesized from solid‐state method. Micelles in the microemulsion acted as nano‐reactors and confined the grain growth of TiNb2O7. The microwave‐assisted microemulsion‐derived TiNb2O7 powders presented a high discharge capacity of 333.2 mAh/g at 0.1C. The materials also delivered 94.8% retention at 5C after 100 cycles. The solid‐state derived samples only processed the 283.2‐mAh/g discharge capacity at 0.1C with 83.2% retention at 5C after 100 cycles. The amended capacity and cyclability of microwave‐assisted microemulsion‐derived TiNb2O7 resulted from the augmented Li+ diffusion and the diminished charge transfer resistance. It was also found that the microwave‐assisted microemulsion‐derived TiNb2O7 delivered 208 mAh/g discharge capacity at 10C, which was higher than solid‐state derived samples (92 mAh/g). The improved capacity was owing to the enhancement in pseudocapacitive contribution. Present research indicated that the microwave‐assisted microemulsion method effectively enhanced the electrochemical performance of TiNb2O7 powders.
Simulation and evaluation of float glass furnace with different electrode positions
Authors: Han Jianjun , Li Luyao , Wang Jing , Chen Shuyong , Liu Chao , Li Congyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the glass manufacturing industry, electric melting would greatly improve the energy efficiency and reduce the pollution emission, which agrees with the target of peak carbon and carbon neutrality. In this work, electric boosting system is introduced into float glass furnace, and the influence of varied electrodes positions on glass melting process is investigated. The glass temperature and velocity fields of glass melting tank are obtained using numerical modeling. According to the temperature and velocity fields, the glass trajectories at glass melting tank are tracked, and the residence time distribution and quality indexes of glass melt are statistic as well. Ultimately, the evaluation method is proposed to predict the glass quality and melting efficiency of glass furnace, which is based on the quality indexes of critical particles and longest residence time of glass melt. The accelerated batch melting process and stable convection flow are obtained as the electrodes are installed under batch blanket. Furthermore, the improved glass quality and melting efficiency of glass furnace is obtained. The study is expected to promote the application and optimization of electric boosting system in large‐scale float furnace, which would accelerate the use of clean energy in glass manufacturing industry.
Identification of a novel quinoline-based UV-protective pigment from a psychrotrophic Arctic bacterium
Authors: Mandal Sukhendu , Kundu Shampa , Uddin Md Raihan , Das Prasenjit , Paul Payel , Roy Pranab , Tribedi Prosun , Sahoo Prithidipa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Psychrotrophs are extremophilic microorganisms that grow optimally in low temperature having many unique bioactive molecules of biotechnological applications. In this study, we characterized a pigment from an arctic bacterium with protective activity towards UV exposure.

Methods and results
The present research reports isolation and characterization of a psychrotrophic bacteria, RSAP2, from the soil sample of NyAlesund (78°56"N, 11°54"E), Svalbard, Norway. The strain showed closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%) with Kocuria indica NIO-1021. RSAP2 is a Gram-positive, coccoid aerobe which produces a yellow pigment. The optimal parameters for pigment production while grown in LB medium were 3% (w/v) NaCl and 4 days of incubation of the culture at 20°C and pH 9 with shaking (180 rpm). The pigment was extracted in methanol and acetone (2:1) and further purified through column chromatography. It was characterized by mass spectrometry, UV–visible, fluorescence, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and CHNS/O analysis. The pigment has a molecular weight of about 258 daltons and the molecular formula was determined as C15H18N2O2 and is a quinoline derivative. We show that the pigment can protect Escherichia coli against UV-mediated mutagenesis. We further demonstrate that the pigment displays a significant antimicrobial effect and in sublethal concentrations it impairs biofilm formation ability of the model organism Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusions
The pigment of a psychrotrophic Arctic bacterium, most likely a strain of K. indica, was purified and its chemical structure was determined. The quinoline-based pigment has the ability to protect live cells from UV induced damage.

Significance and impact of study
Analysis and characterization of this newly isolated quinoline-based pigment is a potential candidate for future application in skin care products.
Impact of atrioventricular junction ablation and CRT‐D on long‐term mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, permanent, refractory atrial fibrillation, and narrow QRS: Results of a propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Palmisano Pietro , Ziacchi Matteo , Ammendola Ernesto , Dell'Era Gabriele , Guerra Federico , Donateo Paolo , Del Giorno Giuseppe , Laffi Mattia , Coluccia Giovanni , Bartoli Lorenzo , Gaggioli Germano , Carbone Angelo , Senes Jacopo , Dello Russo Antonio , Patti Giuseppe , Nigro Gerardo , Biffi Mauro , Accogli Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation (PEAF) and narrow QRS, atrio‐ventricular junction ablation (AVJA) plus cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is superior to medical therapy in reducing heart failure (HF) hospitalization and all‐cause mortality. To compare the mortality of a population of patients with HF, reduced EF (rEF), and PEAF treated with AVJA plus CRT with that of a contemporary cohort of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) with similar baseline characteristics.Methods and ResultsIn this prospective, multicentre, observational study, all‐cause mortality in a group of consecutive patients undergoing AVJA and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) combined with CRT implantation for HFrEF, narrow QRS, and PEAF with uncontrolled ventricular rate was compared with that of a contemporary cohort of patients in SR undergoing ICD implantation (not combined with CRT) for HFrEF and narrow QRS. Individual 1:1 propensity matching of baseline characteristics was performed. A total of 824 patients were enrolled. Propensity matching yielded 107 matched pairs. After a median follow‐up of 52 months, all‐cause mortality was similar in patients treated with AVJA plus CRT and in the control group (p = .434). In AVJA plus CRT patients, mortality was significantly lower than in control group patients with a history of paroxysmal/persistent AF (n = 45, p = .020), and similar to that of patients without a history of AF (n = 62, p = .459).ConclusionsAfter adjustment for patient characteristics, the long‐term prognosis of patients with HFrEF, narrow QRS, and PEAF who underwent AVJA plus CRT was similar to that of a population of patients in SR with similar characteristics.
Sex differences and adherence of patients treated with wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator: Insights from an international multicenter register
Authors: Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Dreher Tobias C. , Rosenkaimer Stephanie , Röger Susanne , Erath Julia W. , Klein Norbert , Kovacs Boldizsar , Duru Firat , Saguner Ardan M. , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTreatment with the wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) may protect against sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a bridging therapy until a cardioverter‐defibrillator may be implanted. We analyzed in a multicenter setting a consecutive patient cohort wearing WCD to explore sex differences.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed 708 consecutive patients, 579 (81.8%) from whom were males and 129 (18.2%) females (age, 60.5 ± 14 vs. 61.6 ± 17 years old; p = .44). While the rate of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) as a cause of prescription of WCD was significantly higher in males as compared to females (42.7% vs. 26.4%; p = .001), females received it more frequently due to nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) (55.8% vs. 42.7%); p = .009). The wear time of WCD was equivalent in both groups (21.1 ± 4.3 h/days in males vs. 21.5 ± 4.4 h/days in females; p = .27; and 62.6 ± 44.3 days in males vs. 56.5 ± 39 days in females; p = .15). Mortality was comparable in both groups at 2‐year‐follow‐up (6.8% in males vs. 9.7% in females; p = .55). Appropriate WCD shocks and the incidence of ICD implantations were similar in both groups (2.4% in males vs. 3.9% in females; p = .07) (35.1% in males vs. 31.8% in females; p = .37), respectively. In age tertile analysis, compliance was observed more in 73–91 years old group as compared with 14–51 years old group (87.8% vs. 68.3%; p < .001).ConclusionCompliance for wearing WCD was excellent regardless of sex. Furthermore, mortality and the incidence of ICD implantations were comparable in both sexes. Appropriate WCD shocks were similar in both sexes.
Can asymmetric punishment deter endogenous bribery
Authors: Hu Lin , Oak Mandar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of asymmetric punishment of bribery on both bribery and compliance with regulations. The bribe amount is decided via Nash bargaining and regulatory compliance and whistle‐blowing are strategic decisions. Moreover, investigations of bribery and noncompliance occur in a manner that may be interdependent. We show that, under symmetric punishment, inducing whistle‐blowing has no effect on the frequency of bribery. When the bribery and noncompliance investigations are independent, a switch from symmetric to asymmetric punishment either makes no difference or induces more nonharassment bribery. Only when bribery detection increases the chance of noncompliance detection and asymmetric punishment leads to whistle‐blowing for both types of entrepreneurs, can the shift succeed in reducing noncompliance. The result is robust to the case where legalization of bribe‐giving is not feasible for nonharassment bribes.