bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe und arterielle Hypertonie
Authors: Zagorski Tabea , Arzt Michael , Stadler Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland leiden rund 19 Mio. Patienten an einer diagnostizierten arteriellen Hypertonie (aHT). Die Schnittmenge zwischen Menschen mit aHT und obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) ist groß. Aufwachreaktionen und Hypoxämie im Rahmen einer OSA können zu einem gesteigerten Sympathikotonus und endothelialer Dysfunktion und somit zu aHT führen.

Fragestellung
Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel soll die Zusammenhänge zwischen OSA und aHT sowie Behandlungsmöglichkeiten darstellen.

Materialien und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche von Original- und Übersichtsartikeln, die bis 2021 in der PubMed-Datenbank veröffentlicht wurden.

Ergebnisse
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe kann sowohl die Entstehung als auch die Verschlechterung einer aHT verursachen. Betroffene profitieren von einer CPAP-Behandlung mit einer durchschnittlichen Senkung des systolischen Blutdrucks um −4,4 mm Hg sowie des diastolischen Blutdrucks um −2,9 mm Hg. Prädiktoren für eine Reduktion des Blutdrucks unter kontinuierlicher Positivdrucktherapie (CPAP) sind junges Alter, therapieresistente aHT, schwere OSA-bedingte Sauerstoffentsättigungen und ein „Non-Dipping-Blutdruckmuster“.

Schlussfolgerung
Die adäquate Behandlung einer aHT fordert häufig einen multimodalen Ansatz. Neben einer medikamentösen antihypertensiven Therapie und einer Modifikation des Lebensstils sollte auch die Diagnose und gegebenenfalls die Behandlung einer OSA berücksichtigt werden.
A review of Ghana’s planting for food and jobs program: implementation, impacts, benefits, and costs
Authors: Pauw Karl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFarm input subsidies are widely used in Sub-Saharan African countries as a response to low adoption of fertilizers and seeds. While subsidy programs traditionally focused on helping farmers access inputs, new generation market smart subsidies additionally emphasize careful targeting, development of input supply systems, and complementary production and marketing support mechanisms. Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative, launched in 2017, is one example of such an evolved subsidy program; yet, despite its scale and prominence, the current government monitoring and evaluation system is not well equipped to accurately assess its impacts. This paper triangulates evidence from multiple public sources and independent evaluations to develop a simple and effective impact assessment model for PFJ that can easily be adopted by the government. It can also be adapted to other contexts with minimal adjustment. Model results reveal that maize and rice production levels are more than 40 percent higher than they would have been in the absence of PFJ, thus contributing significantly to food and calorie availability in Ghana. However, there is much room for efficiency improvements that would increase the return on investment-currently, program benefits roughly equal public and private costs of the program. In this regard, several recommendations are made relating to beneficiary targeting, crowding out of commercial input sales, input use efficiency, marketing support to farmers, and improvements in the monitoring and evaluation system, all of which have relevance for other countries implementing or considering similar programs.
Mathematics Students’ Characteristics of Basic Mental Models of the Derivative
Authors: Greefrath Gilbert , Oldenburg Reinhard , Siller Hans-Stefan , Ulm Volker , Weigand Hans-Georg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe concept of derivative is characterised with reference to four basic mental models. These are described as theoretical constructs based on theoretical considerations. The four basic mental models—local rate of change, tangent slope, local linearity and amplification factor—are not only quantified empirically but are also validated. To this end, a test instrument for measuring students’ characteristics of basic mental models is presented and analysed regarding quality criteria.Mathematics students (n = 266) were tested with this instrument. The test results show that the four basic mental models of the derivative can be reconstructed among the students with different characteristics. The tangent slope has the highest agreement values across all tasks. The agreement on explanations based on the basic mental model of rate of change is not as strongly established among students as one would expect due to framework settings in the school system by means of curricula and educational standards. The basic mental model of local linearity plays a rather subordinate role. The amplification factor achieves the lowest agreement values. In addition, cluster analysis was conducted to identify different subgroups of the student population. Moreover, the test results can be attributed to characteristics of the task types as well as to the students’ previous experiences from mathematics classes by means of qualitative interpretation. These and other results of students’ basic mental models of the derivative are presented and discussed in detail.
Attractor Reconstruction for Quantifying the Arterial Pulse Wave Morphology During Device-Guided Slow Breathing
Authors: Hörandtner Carina , Bachler Martin , Sehnert Walter , Mikisek Ines , Mengden Thomas , Wassertheurer Siegfried , Mayer Christopher C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAttractor reconstruction is a new way to quantify the morphology of a cardiovascular waveform by plotting all data points in the three-dimensional phase space, generating a trajectory of overlapping loops. The aim of this study is to show the feasibility of an automatic approach to quantify pulse wave attractors from a device-guided breathing study, and to link attractor features to pulse waveform features. The recently developed feature extraction technique is applied to arterial pulse waveform data of 30 patients with treated hypertension. The patients performed a device-guided slow breathing exercise. The generated attractors were categorized into three different shapes: triangular attractors, bent attractors and attractors with overlapping arms. The average height of the attractors continuously and progressively dropped from 41.8 [35.4, 55.1] AU to 34.5 [25.4, 47.3] AU (p < 0.001) during the breathing exercise. We have shown that the novel approach to quantify pulse wave attractors is feasible and can be used to detect changes in the morphology of arterial pulse waveforms. Device-guided slow breathing exercise has a shrinking effect on the average height of the attractors, which may indicate a reduction in blood pressure.
Extracellular polysaccharides purified (Polycan) from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 improves pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice
Authors: Kim Young-Suk , Lim Jong-Min , Shin Jae Suk , Kim Hyun Jun , Park Kwang-Il , Oh Tae Woo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a hereditary muscular disease involving degeneration (i.e. atrophy and loss of muscle fibres) of skeletal muscles, including the diaphragm, and progressively severe functional decline. A previous study shows Polycan, a type of β-glucan derived from the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (SM-2001), promotes osteogenicity and bone loss, and possesses anti-inflammatory activity to induce inflammatory cytokines in human immune and cancer cells.

Objective
In this study, we evaluated changes in exercise load behaviour measurements and changes in muscle-related physiological indicators following oral administration of Polycan in mdx mice, an experimental animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Result
In mdx mice, Polycan prevented weight loss and thickness of skeletal muscle. In addition, by monitoring increases in running time of mice on treadmills and performing a grip strength test, we confirmed reduced muscle function was recovered to some extent after administering Polycan to mdx mice. In addition, we confirmed that Polycan significantly altered mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, whereby myogenic transcription factors (MyoD, Myf5 and Myogenin) increased and FoxO3α, MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 decreased. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of action in Polycan on energy metabolism of p-AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC1α with apoptosis expression levels as factors related to signalling pathways. Expression ratios of cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in the Polycan extract-administered group increased compared with the control group.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that Polycan can improve and protect muscle atrophy by preventing apoptosis via pathway regulation related to myogenic transcription factors and energy metabolism in mdx mice.
Phenotypes of prediabetes and metabolic risk in Caucasian youths with overweight or obesity
Authors: Di Bonito P. , Licenziati M. R. , Corica D. , Wasniewska M. G. , Di Sessa A. , del Giudice E. Miraglia , Morandi A. , Maffeis C. , Faienza M. F. , Mozzillo E. , Calcaterra V. , Franco F. , Maltoni G. , Valerio G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes phenotypes, i.e., impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), increased HbA1c (IA1c), and their association with metabolic profile and atherogenic lipid profile in youths with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 1549 youths (5–18 years) with OW/OB followed in nine Italian centers between 2016 and 2020. Fasting and post-load measurements of glucose, insulin, and HbA1c were available. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) by reciprocal of fasting insulin. The atherogenic lipid profile was assessed by triglycerides-to-HDL ratio or cholesterol-to-HDL ratio. Insulinogenic index was available in 939 youths, in whom the disposition index was calculated.

Results
The prevalence of overall pre-diabetes, IFG, IGT and IA1c was 27.6%, 10.2%, 8% and 16.3%, respectively. Analyzing each isolated phenotype, IGT exhibited two- to three-fold higher odds ratio of family history of diabetes, and worse metabolic and atherogenic lipid profile vs normoglycemic youths; IFG was associated only with IR, while IA1c showed a metabolic and atherogenic lipid profile intermediate between IGT and IFG.

Conclusion
Prevalence of pre-diabetes was high and IA1c was the most prevalent phenotype in Italian youths with OW/OB. The IGT phenotype showed the worst metabolic and atherogenic lipid profile, followed by IA1c. More studies are needed to assess whether HbA1c may help improving the prediction of diabetes.
The emergence of temporality in attitudes towards cryo-fertility: a case study comparing German and Israeli social egg freezing users
Authors: Rimon-Zarfaty Nitzan , Schicktanz Silke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssistive reproductive technologies are increasingly used to control the biology of fertility and its temporality. Combining historical, theoretical, and socio-empirical insights, this paper aims at expanding our understanding of the way temporality emerges and is negotiated in the contemporary practice of cryopreservation of reproductive materials. We first present an historical overview of the practice of cryo-fertility to indicate the co-production of technology and social constructions of temporality. We then apply a theoretical framework for analysing cryobiology and cryopreservation technologies as creating a new epistemic perspective interconnecting biology and temporality. Thereafter, we focus on the case of ‘social egg freezing’ (SEF) to present socio-empirical findings illustrating different reproductive temporalities and their connection to the social acceptance of and expectations towards the practice. SEF is a particularly interesting case as it aims to enable women to disconnect their reproductive potential from their biological rhythms. Based on 39 open interviews with Israeli and German SEF users, the cross-cultural comparative findings reveal three types of attitudes: postponing motherhood/reproductive decisions (German users); singlehood and “waiting” for a partner (Israeli and German users); and the planning of and hope for multiple children (Israeli users). For theory building, this analysis uncovers temporality formations embedded in gender and reproductive moral values; including the ‘extended present’, ‘waiting’, and ‘reproductive futurism’. We conclude by discussing the contribution of our findings by advancing the theoretical framework of ‘cryopolitics’ highlighting the theoretical implications and importance of gendered and cultural imaginaries (re)constructing medical technological innovations and related temporalities.
Häufigkeit von Schlafproblemen bei Intensivpflegenden: Eine Post-hoc-Analyse einer Querschnittstudie
Authors: Möckel Luis , Hönl Ann-Kathrin , Gräfe Samantha , Jantz Florian , Werner Natalie S. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Intensivpflegende haben durch den Schichtdienst unregelmäßige und ungewöhnliche Arbeitszeiten, welche den natürlichen Hell-Dunkel-Rhythmus stören und somit ein Risiko für Schlafstörungen darstellen können.

Ziele der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Post-hoc-Analyse war es, die Prävalenz selbstberichteter Schlafprobleme sowie damit assoziierte Faktoren bei in Deutschland tätigen Intensivpflegenden zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Hierbei handelte es sich um eine Post-hoc-Analyse der Daten einer Querschnittstudie, welche als Online-Befragung durchgeführt wurde. Es wurden soziodemografische, arbeitsbezogene sowie gesundheitsbezogene Daten erhoben. Mithilfe der Daten wurden die Prävalenz und das dazugehörige 95 %-Konfidenzintervall (95 %-KI) von Schlafproblemen berechnet sowie mittels Chi2-Tests, Fisher’s Exact Tests und logistischer Regression Faktoren identifiziert, welche mit diesen assoziiert waren.

Ergebnisse
Der Befragungslink wurde insgesamt 1163-mal angeklickt, und 490 nahmen an der Befragung teil. In die finale Analyse eingeschlossen wurden 432 Intensivpflegende, von denen 82,87 % Frauen waren. Insgesamt berichteten 57,64 % (95 %-KI: 52,83 %; 62,35 %) von Schlafproblemen. Signifikant mit Schlafproblemen assoziiert waren unter anderem das Alter (50 bis 59 Jahre Odds Ratio [OR]: 2,05 [95 %-KI: 1,00; 4,21], p = 0,047 vs. 20 bis 29 Jahre) sowie das Leben in einer Familie (OR: 0,50 [95 %-KI: 0,27; 0,93], p = 0,029 vs. Single/alleinlebend). Außerdem waren das Depressions- (OR: 1,09 [95 %-KI: 1,06; 1,12], p ≤ 0,001), Angst- (OR: 1,10 [95 %-KI: 1,06; 1,14], p ≤ 0,001) und Stresslevel (OR: 1,09 [95 %-KI: 1,06; 1,12], p ≤ 0,001) signifikant mit Schlafproblemen assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Schlafprobleme lagen bei jeder zweiten teilnehmenden Intensivpflegekraft vor, und insbesondere die mentale Gesundheit war mit Schlafproblemen assoziiert.
Indigenous cultural considerations during disclosures of child abuse
Authors: Ettinger Tara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhat are cultural considerations for Indigenous children involved within the Canadian child welfare system and what challenges do they pose during disclosures of abuse within child abuse investigations? A literature search was used to find resources relevant to the research question; this was obtained through Google Scholar and the University of British Columbia (UBC) library. A review of the literature was summarized to reveal themes regarding cultural considerations for Indigenous children during disclosures of abuse. Culture is a very deeply rooted phenomenon with multiple layers. We know from research that culture is a factor that can have an influence on children’s disclosures of abuse during investigations. Involved professionals who work with children from a different culture than their own, need to ensure culturally aware and safe practices. Especially when cultures have traumatic histories, such as with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.But what does this really mean during investigations of child abuse? And how does one know if a culturally safe practice is being achieved?The Eurocentric origins of the Canadian child welfare system needs to be acknowledged in order to understand how it continues to be visible in practice today. Even though Canadian provinces have recognized the need for reconciliation and culturally safe practices with Indigenous communities, literature is still lacking on specific knowledge about Indigenous children’s needs and safe approaches during their disclosures of abuse within investigations. Directly involving Indigenous communities to understand specific cultural factors and collaboration with multidisciplinary work within Child Advocacy Centres is a step in the right direction and another step toward reconciliation. It may hold the key to creating an understanding for what Indigenous children need during disclosures of abuse.
Role of CCUS in carbon neutral power system
Authors: Zheng Yawen , Gao Lin , Dong Rui , He Song 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAchieving carbon neutrality by 2060 is an ambitious goal to promote the green transition of economy and society in China. Highly relying on coal and contributing nearly half of CO2 emission, power industry is the key area for reaching carbon-neutral goal. On basis of carbon balance, a criterial equation of carbon neutral for power system is provided. By means of the equation, the different effects of three technical approaches to achieve carbon neutrality, including energy efficiency improvement, shifting energy structure and CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, had been evaluated. The results indicate that building a carbon-neutral power system requires comprehensive coordination between energy efficiency, renewable energy and CCUS technology. In particular, the unique role of CCUS in achieving carbon neutral target was investigated. For any power systems with fossil energy input, CCUS and negative emission technologies is indispensable to reach carbon neutrality. However, rather high energy consumption and costs is the critical gas deterring the large scale deployment of CCUS. Considering the specific conditions of China’s power industry, before the time window between 2030 and 2040 being closed, CCUS would either be ready for large scale deployment by reducing energy consumption and costs, or be phased out along with the most coal power plants. Conclusively, carbon neutral scenario will give CCUS the last chance to decarbonize the fossil fuel, which has great significance for China.
Formal leadership training among orthopaedic surgeons in leadership positions
Authors: Huang Carrie , Kale Nisha N. , Samora Julie B. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine what formal leadership training orthopaedic leaders had pursued to develop the leadership skills necessary to be in their current leadership roles, and what perceptions they have on including formal leadership training in medical education.

Methods
An anonymous survey was distributed via email to 255 orthopaedic surgeons in leadership positions. Statistical analysis focused on differences in leadership training between different demographic groups, their formal leadership experience, and perception about the importance of formal leadership training.

Results
The survey was distributed to 247 potential recipients, of which 76 responded (response rate = 30.8%). Sixty-five of 76 (85.5%) current orthopaedic surgeons in leadership positions have received formal leadership training. The three most common types of leadership training included: institutional leadership training (n = 36; 54.5%); AOA Kellogg Leadership Series (n = 25; 37.9%); and AOA Emerging Leaders Program (n = 13; 19.7%). 77% of respondents agreed that this training helped prepare them to become a more effective leader. 79.7% of respondents agreed that formal leadership training should be incorporated, with the majority (50.8%), indicating that they believed it should be included during medical school, orthopaedic residency, and fellowship.

Conclusion
The majority of orthopaedic surgeons in leadership positions have received formal leadership training and believe that this helped them become a more effective leader. Providing formal leadership opportunities for a more diverse set of surgeons could catalyze an increase in minority representation. Informal leadership training, such as mentoring throughout medical school and residency, could also be beneficial, especially for minorities.
A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation of HSD17B3 Gene Identified in a Patient With 46,XY Difference of Sexual Development
Authors: Cocchetti Carlotta , Baldinotti Fulvia , Romani Alessia , Ristori Jiska , Mazzoli Francesca , Vignozzi Linda , Maggi Mario , Fisher Alessandra Daphne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Deficiency of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17 β-HSD3) is a rare autosomal recessive 46,XY Difference of sex development (DSD), resulting from pathogenetic variants in the HSD17B3 gene, which lead to absent or reduced ability to convert Δ4-androstenedione to testosterone in the fetal testes.

Aim
This study aimed to present the clinical and genetic characteristics of an Italian patient receiving a diagnosis of 17 β-HSD3 deficiency in adulthood. The patient was raised as female and underwent early surgical interventions to correct virilized genitalia, leading to a significant sexual distress.

Methods
At the time of the referral, a 20-gene Next Generation Sequencing custom-panel for DSD was performed on patient's genomic DNA.

Results
A novel compound heterozygous mutation in HSD17B3 gene was identified, detecting a new variant (c.257_265delAGGCCATTG, p.)

Conclusion
Novel genotype causing 17 β-HSD3 deficiency is presented. Furthermore, the patient's clinical history stresses the importance to actively involve these individuals in the decision-making process avoiding surgical intervention when the patient is not able to give fully informed consent.
A retrospective on claims regarding clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation, after use of an internal teat sealant in the dry period
Authors: Hillerton J Eric , Berry Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfusion of an internal teat sealant into the mammary gland of the dairy cow at drying off has been claimed to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis over many months in the subsequent lactation, despite the absence of any ingredient of the sealant remaining for that long. However, these claims have been poorly substantiated, often by lack of identification on when the infection occurred in the period from calving to disease, if the infection was present at post calving sampling and if the pathogen causing the disease was that causing an earlier infection. Moreover, no hypothesis on how any effect on clinical mastitis might occur has been advanced in any of the publications claiming the effect. That the effect might occur is only reported in a minority of publications, and the possibility that this is relatively specific to Gram-negative pathogens is reviewed.