bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source-Reservoir Characteristics and Accumulation of Gas Chimney-Type Gas Hydrates in Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Fan Qi , Li Qingping , Zhou Shouwei , Li Lixia , Zhu Zhenyu , Lv Xin 
Published: April 2022

The Qiongdongnan Basin is an important gas hydrate exploration area in the South China Sea, but the gas hydrate accumulation process is poorly understood. By selecting an Lingshui (LS) target area and using first-hand geochemical data, three-dimensional seismic data, and an independent thermal insulation and pressure maintaining shipborne core analysis system, in this study, comprehensive geological evaluation was carefully conducted around the gas source and reservoir of the gas chimney hydrates, and the accumulation process was investigated. Geochemical data for a total of 47 sets of gas samples revealed that the gas source of the hydrates in the study area was mainly thermogenic gas supplemented by mixed gas. It was predicted that the contribution of the thermogenic gas to the hydrate accumulation was up to 70%. Using the independent shipborne core analysis system, the characteristics of the low-temperature combustible gas hydrates were determined, and the reservoir in the study area was characterized as non-diagenetic to weakly diagenetic, rich in clay and silt (D50 = 15.1–34.1 μm), weakly self-sustaining, and strongly heterogeneous. Based on the differentiated seismic response of the hydrate layer-gas bearing hydrate layer-shallow gas layer at the top of the gas chimney, the accumulation process in the target area was determined to be as follows: remote thermogenic gas transportation, local microbial genetic gas accumulation, episodic dynamic gas chimney reservoir formation, and source-reservoir control. In addition, the exploration ideas of an effective supply from a gas source and a shallow large-scale sand body are emphasized. The results of this study provide an important reference for the trial production of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea.
Structural Analysis and Evolution Model of the Longmaxi Formation in the Yanjin–Junlian Area of the Southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Wang Huaimin , Fan Cunhui , Fang Yi , Zhao Shengxian , Shi Xiangchao , Liu Jianfeng , Yang Hongfeng , Hu Jun , Lian Chengbo 
Published: April 2022

The Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin is an important target for shale gas exploration and development. The characteristics and stages of structural development significantly impact shale gas preservation and enrichment. Taking the Longmaxi Formation in the Yanjin–Junlian area of the southern Sichuan Basin as an example and based on the results of surface and underground structural analysis, fluid inclusion tests, apatite fission track experiments, and burial-thermal evolution history analysis, a comprehensive study of the development characteristics and structural stages of the Longmaxi Formation was carried out, and an evolution model was developed. (1) The Longmaxi Formation of the Yanjin–Junlian area has been affected by multistage structural movements and exhibits structural compounding and superposition corresponding to different stages. The formation of surface tracks of the folds and faults has been affected by multidirectional extrusion stresses of the near SN, NE, and near EW. There are three stages of underground faults in the Longmaxi Formation, and the strikes are nearly EW, NE, and nearly SN. (2) Three distribution intervals for the homogenization temperature ranges of fracture fillings are 161–195°C, 121–143°C, and 74–105°C. The apatite thermal history simulation reveals that the Longmaxi Formation experienced three stages of tectonic movement after its formation. (3) There were clearly three stages in the structural development of the Longmaxi Formation in this area: the late Jurassic–Palaeocene (55 ± 5–38 ± 2 Ma), Eocene–early Miocene (38 ± 2–15.5 ± 3.5 Ma), and late Miocene-present (15.5 ± 3.5 Ma–present). Thus, a compound fracture system with superimposed structural deformations in different directions and at different stages formed in the study area. (4) A model for the stages and development of structural tracks in the Longmaxi Formation was established in conjunction with structural analysis and geomechanical theory. The results have guiding significance for the evaluation of shale gas preservation conditions and accumulation in the study area.
Quercetin Attenuates Osteoporosis in Orchiectomy Mice by Regulating Glucose and Lipid Metabolism via the GPRC6A/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sun Jie , Pan Yalan , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Lining , Liu Mengmin , Tu Pengcheng , Wu Chengjie , Xiao Jirimutu , Han Qiuge , Da Weiwei , Ma Yong , Guo Yang 
Published: April 2022

Quercetin, a flavonoid found in natural medicines, has shown a role in disease prevention and health promotion. Moreover, because of its recently identified contribution in regulating bone homeostasis, quercetin may be considered a promising agent for improving bone health. This study aimed to elucidate the role of quercetin in androgen deprivation therapy-induced osteoporosis in mice. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to orchiectomy, followed by quercetin treatment (75 and 150 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. Bone microstructure was then assessed by micro-computed tomography, and a three-point bending test was used to evaluate the biomechanical parameters. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining was used to examine the shape of the distal femur, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver. The balance motion ability in mice was evaluated by gait analysis, and changes in the gastrocnemius muscle were observed via Oil red O and Masson’s staining. ELISA and biochemical analyses were used to assess markers of the bone, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Western blotting analyses of glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expression was performed, and expression of the GPCR6A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins was also assessed. After 8 weeks of quercetin intervention, quercetin-treated mice showed increased bone mass, bone strength, and improved bone microstructure. Additionally, gait analysis, including stride length and frequency, were significantly increased, whereas a reduction of the stride length and gait symmetry was observed. H&amp;E staining of the gastrocnemius muscle showed that the cross-sectional area of the myofibers had increased significantly, suggesting that quercetin improves balance, motion ability, and muscle mass. Bone metabolism improvement was defined by a reduction of serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, whereas levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and high-density lipoprotein were increased after quercetin treatment. Expression of proteins involved in glucose uptake was increased, whereas that of proteins involved in lipid production was decreased. Moreover, the GPRC6A and the phospho-AMPK/AMPK expression ratio was elevated in the liver and tibia tissues. In contrast, the phospho-mTOR/mTOR ratio was reduced in the quercetin group. Our findings indicate that quercetin can reduce the osteoporosis induced by testosterone deficiency, and its beneficial effects might be associated with the regulation of glucose metabolism and inhibition of lipid metabolism via the GPCR6A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
HOXA10 Regulates the Synthesis of Cholesterol in Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Yu Meixing , Tang Jia , Huang Yanqing , Guo Chenbing , Du Peng , Li Ning , Quan Qingli 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe expression of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in endometrial stromal cells is regulated by steroid hormones, especially by estrogen. As a precursor molecule of estrogen, abnormal cholesterol metabolism is significantly positively correlated with endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the regulation of HOXA10 on cholesterol synthesis in endometrial stromal cells.MethodmRNA expression data of eutopic endometrial stromal cell (ESC) and ovarian endometriotic cysts stromal cell (OESC) were download from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Overexpression and silence of HOXA10 were conducted in cultured ESC and subjected to mRNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected by analyzing the sequencing data. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify the key genes associated with HOXA10. The methylation rate of HOXA10 CpGs and the correlation between HOXA10 expression and the methylation in eutopic endometrial tissue (EU) and ovarian cyst (OC) were analyzed.ResultsHOXA10 in ESC was significantly higher expressed than that in OESC. Six key genes (HMGCR, MSMO1, ACAT2, HMGCS1, EBP, and SQLE), which were regulated by HOXA10, were identified from the salmon4 module by WGCNA. All these key genes were enriched in cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the expression of HOXA10 was negatively related to its CpGs methylation rate.ConclusionIn this study, six key genes that were regulated by HOXA10 were selected, and all of them were enriched in cholesterol synthesis. This finding provided a new insight into the metabolic mechanism of cholesterol in ESC. It also provided a potential treatment strategy for cholesterol metabolism maladjustment in patients with ovarian endometriosis.
Exosomal RNA Expression Profiles and Their Prediction Performance in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Macrosomia
Authors: Yuan Yingdi , Li Ying , Hu Lingmin , Wen Juan 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionExosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many biological fluids. Exosomal RNAs in cord blood may allow intercellular communication between mother and fetus. We aimed to establish exosomal RNA expression profiles in cord blood from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia (GDM-M) and evaluate their prediction performance.MethodsWe used microarray technology to establish the differential messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in cord blood exosomes from 3 patients with GDM-M compared with 3 patients with GDM and normal neonatal weight, followed by qPCR validation in an additional 40 patients with GDM. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and graphical nomogram were applied to evaluate the performance of exosomal RNA (in peripheral blood) in macrosomia prediction.ResultsA total of 98 mRNAs, 372 lncRNAs, and 452 circRNAs were differentially expressed in cord blood exosomes from patients with GDM-M. Pathway analysis based on screening data showed that the differential genes were associated with Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3acK)-Akt signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway, insulin resistance, glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. After validation by qPCR, the expressions of GDF3, PROM1, AC006064.4, lnc-HPS6-1:1, and circ_0014635 were significantly increased and the expression of lnc-ZFHX3-7:1 was significantly decreased in cord blood exosomes of an additional 20 patients with GDM-M. The risk prediction performance of the expression of these validated genes (in peripheral blood exosomes) for GDM-related macrosomia was also evaluated. Only GDF3 expression and AC006064.4 expression showed well prediction performance [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78 and 0.74, respectively]. Excitingly, the model including maternal age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, GDF3 expression, and AC006064.4 expression in peripheral blood exosomes had better prediction performance with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.75–0.97).ConclusionThese results showed that exosomal RNAs are aberrantly expressed in the cord blood of patients with GDM-M and highlighted the importance of exosomal RNAs in peripheral blood for GDM-M prediction.
Influence of Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow on Cavitation of Tubular Turbine Blades Under Combined Conditions
Authors: Cheng Chuang , Li Zhenggui , He Fubing , Wu Siyuan , Zeng Chuchu , Zhang Kui , Zheng Jing 
Published: April 2022

The influence of sediment media on the blade pressure and cavitation of a tubular turbine was investigated in this study. The Zwart–Geber–Belamri cavitation model and the shear stress transport k–w turbulence model were applied to numerically simulate and experimentally validate the full flow path of the tubular turbine under combined conditions for sediment particle sizes of 0.01 and 0.05 mm and concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The results show that the pressure of the blade increases with the sediment concentration. Cavitation mainly occurs between the blade shroud and the leading edge. The higher the sediment concentration, the lower the vapor volume fraction at the same sediment particle size. The presence of sediments inhibits further cavitation development, and the inhibition effect is significant. At the same concentration, the larger the particle size of the sediment, the lower the vapor volume fraction. Thus, the increase in the particle size inhibits cavitation, but the inhibition effect is not significant.
Establishment and Application of a Prognostic Risk Score Model Based on Characteristics of Different Immunophenotypes for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Hong , Liu Yanhong , Hu Yue , Ge Meiling , Ding Jie , Ye Qing 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. Tumor mutations and the immune microenvironment play important roles in LUAD development and progression. This study was aimed at elucidating the characteristics of patients with different tumor immune microenvironment and establishing a prediction model of prognoses and immunotherapy benefits for patients with LUAD.Materials and Methods: We conducted a bioinformatics analysis on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (training and test sets, respectively). Patients in the training set were clustered into different immunophenotypes based on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). The immunophenotypic differentially expressed genes (IDEGs) were used to develop a prognostic risk score (PRS) model. Then, the model was validated in the test set and applied to evaluate 42 surgery patients with early LUAD.Results: Patients in the training set were clustered into high (Immunity_H), medium (Immunity_M), and low (Immunity_L) immunophenotype groups. Immunity_H patients had the best survival and more TIICs than Immunity_L patients. Immunity_M patients had the worst survival, characterized by most CD8+ T and Treg cells and highest expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. The PRS model, which consisted of 14 IDEGs, showed good potential for predicting the prognoses of patients in both training and test sets. In the training set, the low-risk patients had more TIICs, higher immunophenoscores (IPSs) and lower mutation rates of driver genes. The high-risk patients had more mutations of DNA mismatch repair deficiency and APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like). The model was also a good indicator of the curative effect for immunotherapy-treated patients. Furthermore, the low-risk group out of 42 patients, which was evaluated by the PRS model, had more TIICs, higher IPSs and better progression-free survival. Additionally, IPSs and PRSs of these patients were correlated with EGFR mutations.Conclusion: The PRS model has good potential for predicting the prognoses and immunotherapy benefits of LUAD patients. It may facilitate the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment decision-making for LUAD patients.
Differences in Circulating Extracellular Vesicle and Soluble Cytokines in Older Versus Younger Breast Cancer Patients With Distinct Symptom Profiles
Authors: Sass Dilorom , Fitzgerald Wendy , Wolff Brian S. , Torres Isaias , Pagan-Mercado Glorivee , Armstrong Terri S. , Miaskowski Christine , Margolis Leonid , Saligan Leorey , Kober Kord M. 
Published: April 2022

Because extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated cytokines, both encapsulated and surface bound, have been associated with symptom severity, and may vary over the lifespan, they may be potential biomarkers to uncover underlying mechanisms of various conditions. This study evaluated the associations of soluble and EV-associated cytokine concentrations with distinct symptom profiles reported by 290 women with breast cancer prior to surgery. Patients were classified into older (≥60 years, n = 93) and younger (&lt; 60 years, n = 197) cohorts within two previously identified distinct symptom severity profiles, that included pain, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and fatigue (i.e., High Fatigue Low Pain and All Low). EVs were extracted using ExoQuick. Cytokine concentrations were determined using Luminex multiplex assay. Mann Whitney U test evaluated the differences in EV and soluble cytokine levels between symptom classes and between and within the older and younger cohorts adjusting for Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, body mass index (BMI), and stage of disease. Partial correlation analyses were run between symptom severity scores and cytokine concentrations. Results of this study suggest that levels of cytokine concentrations differ between EV and soluble fractions. Several EV and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines had positive associations with depressive symptoms and fatigue within both age cohorts and symptom profiles. In addition, in the older cohort with High Fatigue Low Pain symptom profile, EV GM-CSF concentrations were higher compared to the All Low symptom profile (p &lt; 0.05). Albeit limited by a small sample size, these exploratory analyses provide new information on the association between cytokines and symptom profiles of older and younger cohorts. Of note, unique EV-associated cytokines were found in older patients and in specific symptom classes. These results suggest that EVs may be potential biomarker discovery tools. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie distinct symptom class profiles categorized by age may inform intervention trials and offer precision medicine approaches.
Impact of Long Noncoding RNA LINC00673 Genetic Variants on Susceptibility to Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Chuang Chih-Chun , Yang Yi-Sun , Kornelius Edy , Huang Chien-Ning , Hsu Min-Yen , Lee Chia-Yi , Yang Shun-Fa 
Published: April 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play critical roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of long intergenic noncoding RNA 00673 (LINC00673) affects the clinical characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of three loci of LINC00673 SNPs (rs6501551, rs9914618, and rs11655237) were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 276 and 454 individuals with and without DR, respectively. Our results revealed that LINC00673 SNP rs11655237 CT genotype (AOR: 1.592, 95% CI: 1.059–2.395, p = 0.026), CT + TT genotype (AOR: 1.255, 95% CI: 1.029–1.531, p = 0.025), and allele T (AOR: 1.185, 95% CI: 1.004–1.397, p = 0.044) yielded higher ratios in the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) subgroup than in the non-DR group. Furthermore, the interval of diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly shorter in the LINC00673 SNP rs11655237 CT + TT variant than that in the LINC00673 SNP rs11655237 wild type (10.44 ± 7.10 vs. 12.98 ± 8.34, p = 0.009). In conclusion, the LINC00673 SNP rs11655237 T allele is associated with a higher probability of NPDR development. Patients with the LINC00673 SNP rs11655237 CT + TT variant exhibited a short DM interval.
Exposing Obstetric Violence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Review of Women's Narratives of Disrespect and Abuse in Childbirth
Authors: Khalil Merette , Carasso Kashi Barbara , Kabakian-Khasholian Tamar 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundObstetric violence (OV) threatens the provision of dignified, rights-based, high-quality, and respectful maternal care (RMC). The dearth of evidence on OV in the Eastern Mediterranean Region poses a knowledge gap requiring research to improve rights-based and respectful health practice and policy. While efforts to improve the quality of maternal health have long-existed, women's experiences of childbirth and perceptions of dignity and respect are not adequately or systematically recorded, especially in the said region.AimThis study centered on the experiences of women's mistreatment in childbirth to provide an overview of OV and offer recommendations to improve RMC.MethodsA scoping review was conducted, and a total of 38 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using Bowser and Hill's framework of the seven typologies of Disrespect and Abuse (D&amp;A) in childbirth. D&amp;A in childbirth (or violations to RMC) is a manifestation of OV and served as a proxy to analyze its prevalence in the EMR.Findings and DiscussionThis study indicated that across the EMR, women experienced every type of D&amp;A in childbirth. This happens regardless of health systems' strength or country's income, with 6 out of 7 types of D&amp;A found in almost two-thirds of included countries. In the EMR, the most common types of D&amp;A in childbirth are physical abuse (especially overused routine interventions) and non-dignified care (embedded in patriarchal socio-cultural norms). The intersections of these abuses enable the objectification of women's bodies and overuse of unconsented routine interventions in a hierarchical and patriarchal system that regards the power and autonomy of doctors above birthing women. If unchecked, the implications include acceptance, continuation, and underreporting of D&amp;A in childbirth, as well as passivity toward human-rights violations, which all further cause the continuing the cycle of OV.ConclusionIn order to eliminate OV, a paradigm shift is required involving infrastructure changes, education, empowerment, advocacy, a women-centered and gender-sensitive approach to health system strengthening, and policy development. Recommendations are given at individual, community, health systems, and policy levels to ensure that every woman achieves her right to health and birth in a dignified, respectful, and empowered manner.