bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated invasion through the evolution of dispersal behaviour
Authors: Narimanov Nijat , Bauer Tobias , Bonte Dries , Fahse Lorenz , Entling Martin H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe continuous spread of invasive species is attributed to demographic processes and high dispersal rates. Both can change and evolve during range expansion, eventually accelerating spread dynamics. Here, we document such an accelerated spread for one of the most invasive spiders in Europe, the dwarf spider Mermessus trilobatus, and test whether dispersal, reproduction or competitive ability is at the source of this pattern.LocationEurope.Time period1981–2021.Major taxon studiedMermessus trilobatus (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae).MethodsFirst, we collected records from 21 countries across Europe to document the speed of progression of the invasion front over the last 40 years. Second, we collected live individuals from populations in the longest and more recently invaded areas and compared the dispersal propensity of offspring raised under standardized conditions. Third, we compared the reproduction and competitive ability of females derived from the populations of long‐invaded areas against areas with more recent establishment.ResultsThe progression of the invaded range increased from about 150 km in the 1980s to some 400 km between 2010 and 2020. Dispersal‐related behaviour was nearly twice as frequent in offspring from invasion front populations compared to the core area. By contrast, we found no differences in reproduction or competitive ability among the studied populations. Further, neither joint inheritance nor trade‐offs of dispersal, reproduction or competitive ability were identified.Main conclusionAs high dispersal is recessively inherited in M. trilobatus, our results suggest that the accelerated invasion is due to the accumulation of dispersive but not more reproductive or competitive genotypes in newly colonized areas. Given the high climatic amplitude of the species in North America, we expect it to spread over the remaining parts of Europe and large parts of Asia in the coming decades. Accelerated range expansion through the evolution of dispersal behaviour could play a role in numerous arthropod invasions worldwide.
In/visible: The intersectional experiences of women of color in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine in Australia
Authors: Nash Meredith , Moore Robyn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is now well‐established that science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) institutions globally should invest in building diverse and inclusive workforces. However, women of color remain underrepresented in STEMM in Australia and their organizational experiences are under‐researched. To address this gap, we used a qualitative approach to explore the complex intersections of race/ethnicity and gender that may contribute to women's underrepresentation in Australian STEMM. Primary data encompassed interviews with 30 self‐identified women of color working in academia, industry, and government STEMM organizations. We drew on intersectionality theory to explore participants' experiences of their working environments and grounded theory in our analysis. This article focuses on an understudied area related to the maintenance of white male power in STEMM and everyday experiences of “in/visibility”—the paradoxical space of invisibility and hypervisibility that women of color occupy within STEMM fields. For example, various features of women of color's identities, such as physical appearance, cultural background, accent, and name, led to participants feeling “different” and hypervisible in STEMM workplaces in Australia, in which the stereotype of a white male scientist predominates. Women also felt hypervisible as race/gender tokens when they were expected to do the diversity work of the institution. In contrast, participants felt invisible when they were professionally and socially excluded from networking events, such as after‐work drinks. Women of color's experiences of having to work much harder than white colleagues to gain recognition of their organizational value also contributed to feelings of invisibility. The study findings provide deep insight into Australian STEMM cultures by foregrounding how in/visibility shows up in the experiences of women of color. This study builds on our understanding of women's STEMM careers as inextricably linked to intersectional features of social identity and white masculine power dynamics in organizations and society more broadly. We conclude by advocating for a more nuanced understanding of “women in STEMM” in Australia (e.g., via more sophisticated data collection and analysis) to ensure that national policies and initiatives benefit all women.
Patient and general practitioner experiences of implementing a medication review intervention in older people with multimorbidity: Process evaluation of the SPPiRE trial
Authors: McCarthy Caroline , Pericin Ivana , Smith Susan M. , Kiely Bridget , Moriarty Frank , Wallace Emma , Clyne Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe SPPiRE cluster randomized controlled trial found that a general practitioner (GP)‐delivered medication review that incorporated screening for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP), a brown bag review and a patient priority assessment, resulted in a significant but small reduction in the number of medicines and no significant reduction in PIP. This process evaluation aims to explore the experiences of GPs and patients and the potential for system‐wide implementation.MethodsThe trial included 51 general practices and 404 participants with multimorbidity aged ≥65 years, prescribed ≥15 medicines. The process evaluation used mixed methods and ran parallel to the trial. Quantitative data was collected from the SPPiRE intervention website and analysed descriptively. Qualitative data on medication changes were collected from intervention GPs (18/26) and a purposive sample of intervention patients (27/208) via semi‐structured telephone interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated using a triangulation protocol.ResultsThe analysis generated two themes, intervention implementation and mechanisms of action, and both were underpinned by the theme of context. Intervention delivery varied among practices and 45 patients (28%) had no review, primarily due to insufficient GP time. 80% of reviewed patients had ≥1 PIP identified, 59% had ≥1 problem identified during the brown bag review and 79% had ≥1 priority recorded. The brown bag review resulted in the most deprescription of medications. GPs and patients responded positively to the intervention but most GPs did not engage with the patient priority‐setting process. GPs identified a lack of integration into practice software and resources as barriers to future implementation.ConclusionThe SPPiRE intervention had a small effect in reducing the number of medicines and this was primarily mediated through the brown bag review. The context of resource shortages and deep‐seated views around medical decision‐making influenced intervention implementation.Patient or Public ContributionQualitative data on the implementation of the medication review and their wider views on their medicines was collected from older people with multimorbidity through semi‐structured telephone interviews.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe SPPiRE trial was registered prospectively on the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN12752680).
A content analysis on the perceptions of LGBTQ+ (centred) health care on Twitter
Authors: Van Diepen Cornelia , Rosales Valdes Diego 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLGBTQ+ individuals have experienced many barriers to receiving quality health care, but the worldwide implementation of person‐centred care should make a positive change. However, as forthright disclosures are difficult to find using traditional methods, novel approaches should be utilized to uncover opinions and experiences on LGBTQ+ health care. Twitter could be a place where people post on this topic.AimThis study aimed to explore tweets mentioning LGBTQ+ (centred) health care.MethodsThe methods consisted of an explorative qualitative content analysis of tweets. The tweets were collected between 26 February and 30 March 2021, resulting in 2524 tweets of which 659 were relevant for content analysis.ResultsThe results showed an excess of political tweets involving LGBTQ+ health care. Many tweets included general statements on the need for LGBTQ+ health care. The few tweets on personal experiences in LGBTQ+ health care showed the overwhelming need for quality care that has been made difficult by political developments.ConclusionMost tweets were made to inform others of the necessity of quality health care for LGBTQ+ individuals, but the utilization of person‐centred care is hardly noticeable.Public ContributionThis study was conducted with the involvement of a public partner (second author) who contributed to the design, data analyses and writing of the paper. Moreover, this study involves the analysis of data provided by the public and published on social media.
Little amounts of carbon nanotubes as anti‐wear reinforcement for alumina in dry sliding
Authors: Goswami Sourav , Ghosh Kunal , Ghosh Ranajit , Mandal Nilrudra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a leading choice for reinforcing oxide and nitride ceramics, but investigations into the tribological performance of CNT–ceramic composites remain inconclusive. Here, we show that reinforcement with only .1 wt% multi‐walled CNTs improves the antifriction and anti‐wear performance of zirconia‐toughened alumina by up to 23% and 51%, respectively. Dry sliding tests under normal loads of 40–60 N for a sliding distance of 1000 m reveal a load‐dependent transition in the lubrication mechanism—CNTs retain their tubular morphology at low loads and reduce friction via a sliding–rolling response, whereas high sliding loads trigger the formation of a uniform, thin lubricating film by the repeated crushing and smearing of exfoliated nanotubes. Raman spectra analyses confirmed that the carbon‐rich tribo‐film possesses a graphitic structure. Well‐dispersed CNTs prevent wear loss by mechanisms, such as crack bridging and grain anchoring. The present work opens up new frontiers for the application of CNT–alumina tribo‐ceramics in anti‐wear, unlubricated, and high contact stress applications, such as in the manufacturing and mining industries.
Buy and buy again: The impact of unique reference points on (re)purchase decisions
Authors: Willows Gizelle D. , Richards Daniel W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBehavioral finance has uncovered that investor engage emotionally when trading. We investigate how three psychological factors influence purchase and repurchase decisions: representativeness, the influence of prior gains, and reference points. Using trading data of 7200 UK investors we find that purchase decisions are influenced by representative heuristic and repurchase decisions are influenced by both representative heuristic and prior profitability. Further survival analysis showed that investors use the prior selling price as a unique reference point. Investors are more likely to repurchase a stock when trading above its reference point, but more likely to initiate the repurchase when trading below. Investors are influenced by previous experience and engage learning behavior when they seek to reinforce past success. As reference points are inferred but infrequently researched, this research adds to the literature and provides important and robust results for those engaging with financial planning clients.
Level of maternal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleoprotein at birth and risk of RSV very severe lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Receveur Matthieu , Ottmann Michèle , Reynes Jean‐Marc , Eleouet Jean‐François , Galloux Marie , Receveur Aurore , Ploin Dominique , Fiorini Sylvie , Rivat Nathalie , Valette Martine , Lina Bruno , Casalegno Jean‐Sebastien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe nucleoprotein (N protein) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a candidate antigen for new RSV vaccine development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between maternal antibody titers against the RSV N protein at birth and the newborns' risk of developing very severe lower respiratory tract infection (VS‐LRTI).MethodsIn this single‐center prospective cohort study, 578 infants born during the RSV epidemic season in France were included. Among these, 36 were hospitalized for RSV VS‐LRTI. A generalized linear model was used to test the occurrence of a VS‐LRTI in function of sex, mode of delivery, parity of the mother, type of pregnancy, date of birth in relation to the peak of the epidemic, and antibody titer against N protein.ResultsAll cord blood samples had detectable antibodies against N protein. The mean titers were significantly lower in newborns with risk factors for RSV severe LRTI (preterm infants, birth before the peak epidemic, multiparous mother). There was no association between antibody titer against the N protein and a protection against VS‐LRTI.ConclusionsFurther studies are needed to support the hypothesis that transfer of maternal antibodies against the RSV N protein can provide a significant immune protection early in infancy and that N protein candidate vaccine may be a suitable target for maternal vaccine.
The clinical effectiveness of an integrated multidisciplinary evidence‐based program to prevent intraoperative pressure injuries in high‐risk children undergoing long‐duration surgical procedures: A quality improvement study
Authors: Ciprandi Guido , Crucianelli Serena , Zama Mario , Antonielli Giancarlo , Armani Riccarda , Aureli Stefano , Barra Gianmarco , Beetham Charlie Joseph Charles , Bernardini Giulio , Cancani Federica , Carai Andrea , Cajozzo Marta , Carlesi Laura , Cialdella Alessandra , Ciaralli Italo , Ciliento Gaetano , Corsetti Tiziana , De Chirico Benedetta , Di Corato Paolo , Dotta Andrea , Filippelli Sergio , Franci Marina , Frattaroli Jacopo , Grussu Francesca , Lico Silvia , Losani Patrizia , Giergji Marjola , Magli Simonetta , Marino Simone Faustino , Mongelli Antonella , Nazzarri Martina , Pace Mauro , Palmieri Giancarlo , Pannacci Ilaria , Paparozzi Franca , Pomponi Manuel , Portanova Anna , Preziosi Alessandra , Ragni Angela , Raponi Massimiliano , Renzetti Tommaso , Rizzo Mirialda , Roberti Marco , Sasso Eleonora , Savarese Immacolata , Secci Simone , Selvaggio Daniele , Serafini Laura , Spuntarelli Giorgio , Urbani Urbano , Vanzi Valentina , Permatunga Roshani , Santamaria Nick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prevention of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) in children undergoing long‐duration surgical procedures is of critical importance due to the potential for catastrophic sequelae of these generally preventable injuries for the child and their family. Long‐duration surgical procedures in children have the potential to result in high rates of HAPI due to physiological factors and the difficulty or impossibility of repositioning these patients intraoperatively. We developed and implemented a multi‐modal, multi‐disciplinary translational HAPI prevention quality improvement program at a large European Paediatric University Teaching Hospital. The intervention comprised the establishment of wound prevention teams, modified HAPI risk assessment tools, specific education, and the use of prophylactic dressings and fluidized positioners during long‐duration surgical procedures. As part of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the program in reducing intraoperative HAPI, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 200 children undergoing long‐duration surgical procedures and compared their outcomes with a matched historical cohort of 200 children who had undergone similar surgery the previous year. The findings demonstrated a reduction in HAPI in the intervention cohort of 80% (p < 0.01) compared to the comparator group when controlling for age, pathology, comorbidity, and surgical duration. We believe that the findings demonstrate that it is possible to significantly decrease HAPI incidence in these highly vulnerable children by using an evidence‐based, multi‐modal, multidisciplinary HAPI prevention strategy.
Impact of negative pressure wound drainage compared with natural wound drainage after thyroid tumour surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Imam Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Sattar Randa M. , Alamri Amr S. , Alqurashi Abdullah M. , Amer Alnefaie Ahmed M. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe conducted a meta‐analysis to compare the effectiveness of negative pressure wound drainage to that of spontaneous wound drainage after thyroid tumour surgery. A thorough analysis of the literature up to July 2022 revealed that, of the 1234 patients who used surgery for thyroid tumours, 615 used negative pressure wound drainage and 619 used natural wound drainage. To measure the influence of negative pressure wound drainage in comparison to natural wound drainage following thyroid tumour surgery, mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured using the contentious and dichotomous approaches with a random or fixed‐effect model. Subjects who used negative pressure wound drainage had significantly higher averages for drained material (OR, 12.52; 95% CI, 6.78‐18.26, P = 0.001), shorter drain placement times (MD, −1.06; 95% CI, 1.57 to −0.55, P = .001), lower rates of infection at the surgical site (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.60, P = .006), higher rates of wound healing (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.56‐22.34, P = .009), and lower rate of wound seroma (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.10‐0.42, P < .001) in subjects after thyroid tumour surgery in comparison to subjects who used natural wound drainage after thyroid tumour surgery. Those who used negative pressure wound drainage had significantly higher averages of drained material, shorter drain placement times, lower rates of wound infection at the surgical site, higher rates of wound healing, and lower rates of wound seroma. Care must be used when analysing the results because of the small sample size of 7 of the 13 studies included in the meta‐analysis and the lack of studies in several comparisons.
Improved microwave dielectric characteristics in CaHf1−xTixO3 ceramics
Authors: Wang Xi , Shi Jun Zuo , Zhu Xiao Li , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present work, effects of Ti‐substitution for Hf upon microwave dielectric characteristics for CaHfO3 ceramics were investigated. CaHf1−xTixO3 solid solution in space group Pnma was determined in the present ceramics with x = 0–0.075, and only minor amount of secondary phases of CaHfO3 (R, 1.3 wt%) and Ca2Hf7O16 (R, 0.8 wt%) was detected. The significantly improved microwave dielectric characteristics were achieved with Ti‐substitution in CaHfO3 ceramics. With increasing x, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf was substantially tuned from negative to positive through zero, which was caused by the decrease of oxygen octahedral tilting, and the Qf value was apparently improved simultaneously and reached the maximum of 43670 GHz at x = 0.025, while the dielectric constant εr increased monotonously. The remarkable improvement of Qf was attributed to the enhancement of octahedral framework rigidity and the decreased nonuniform distribution of inner chemical bonding in crystal based on the change of chemical bond parameters calculated by the Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine bond theory, which was further confirmed by the higher frequency and narrower width of stretch mode of octahedron (i.e., A1g(O) near 730 cm−1) in Raman spectra. An interesting phenomenon was found in titanium‐containing perovskite ceramics that they had consistent trend of τf changing with tolerance factor, which was helpful to design temperature‐stable perovskite microwave dielectric ceramics. The best combination of microwave dielectric characteristics was achieved at x = 0.035: εr = 27.2, Qf = 42 870, and τf = +3 ppm/°C. For practical applications of the present ceramics, further improvement of Qf is required, and it is expected to be achieved through microstructure optimization.
‘Go Tell the Spartans, Passerby’: Whom to Remember Ahead of Whom?
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe dead are among us. We are reminded of their names through the books we read, the hoovers we buy, the sandwiches we consume, the tarmac we travel on, the wellingtons we wear, or, frequently, the buildings we visit. Even if we settled on the criteria for being worthy of commemoration, what should we do about the fact that there seem to be so many people who would likely meet them? Commemoration is a form of attention giving, and attention is a scarce resource. It is scarce even if it could be permissibly commanded at will. It is even more scarce when commanding attention may violate someone's freedom to decide for themselves where to bestow it. I will argue that when it comes to public commemorative attention, there are duties that fall on us all to remember the now dead victims of injustice. I will also offer reasons for why such duties would normally mean that we need to prioritize the remembrance of the victims of injustice ahead of remembrance that might be owed to those who had expectations of being remembered or even took steps by donations to secure such remembrance.
A survival analysis of bipolar steroid‐eluting and unipolar nonsteroid‐eluting epicardial leads
Authors: Fazelifar Amir Farjam , Taghavyan Nina Jalily , Moeeni Mahdi , Baharestani Bahador , Shahandashti Farshad Jalili , Haghjoo Majid , Hoseini Saeed , Kamali Farzad , Madadi Shabnam , Yoonesi Ali Asghar , Koolaji Sogol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEpicardial pacemakers are known as an alternative for endocardial pacemakers in some cases such as heart block, and complex congenital heart diseases. Considering recent advances and improvement of epicardial lead subtypes, it is essential to investigate the long‐term function of them. In this study, we aimed to assess the sensing and pacing characteristics, and survival of bipolar steroid‐eluting and unipolar nonsteroid‐eluting epicardial pacemakers.MethodsWe conducted an entirely concentrated search on the documents of all patients who had undergone epicardial lead implantation in the Shaheed Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center during 2015–2018. Implant, and follow‐up data were extracted. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Weibull regression hazards model were applied for the survival analysis.ResultsEighty‐nine leads were implanted for 77 patients. Of the total leads, 52.81%, 53.93%, and 47.19% were implanted in children (under 18‐year‐old), females, and patients with congenital heart diseases, respectively. Bipolar steroid‐eluting leads comprised 33.71% of 89 leads. The pacing threshold of unipolar nonsteroid‐eluting leads that were implanted on the left ventricle and right atrium increased significantly during the follow‐up to greater records than bipolar steroid‐eluting leads. Survival analysis also revealed that bipolar steroid‐eluting leads are significantly better in 48‐month survival (Weibull hazard ratio [HR]: 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.99), p = .049). Age, ventricular location of the lead, and acute pacing characteristics were not associated with survival.ConclusionsBipolar steroid‐eluting epicardial leads have an acceptable survival compared with unipolar nonsteroid‐eluting, without a significant difference regarding patients age. Therefore, they could be an excellent alternative for endocardial ones.