bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of E-commerce in Agriculture Digitization Promoting Rural Development in Rwanda
Authors: RUKUNDO Prince , Mbanzabugabo Jean Baptiste , Gilbert UWITONZE 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper sought to analyze pros and cons of the current e-commerce and agriculture digitization in Rwanda and how rural development benefits from them. Since the country emerge in social and economic transformation, ICT has been a prominent tool to inject a rapid Economic growth among Rwanda’s citizens. Agriculture digitization has been successfully implemented, different national and international organization sponsored this ultimate initiative, Rwanda become one of the fewest African country with an electronic world trade platform in Africa. Though a promising progress is noticeable, the researcher found some barrier towards a successful migration from a longstanding model towards an advanced and ultramodern agriculture’s e-commerce and digitization platform.
Endothelial Progenitor-Derived exosomes Induce Macrophage M2 Polarization via SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 axis and Improve the Outcome of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yuan Feifei , Peng Wei , Yang Yuying , Xu Jiaqi , Liu Yudong , Xie Yong , Huang Tingmo , Shi Chaoran , Ding Yinghe , Xie Shanshan , Lu Hongbin , Huang Jianjun , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Macrophage in the spinal cord injury (SCI) area imparts a chronic pro-inflammation effect that challenges the recovery of SCI. Previously, endothelial progenitor cell-produced exosomes (EPC-EXOs) have been noticed to facilitate revascularization and inflammation control after SCI. However, their effects on macrophage polarization remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the EPC-EXOs' role in macrophage polarization and reveal its underlying mechanism.
Methods
We extracted the macrophages and EPC from the bone marrow suspension of C57BL/L mice by centrifugation. After cell identification, the EPC-EXOs were collected by ultra-high-speed centrifugation and exosome extraction kits and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Then, macrophages were cultured with EPC-EXOs in different concentrations. We labeled the exosome to confirm its internalization by macrophage and detected the macrophage polarization marker level both in vitro and in vivo. We further estimated EPC-EXOs' protective effects on SCI by mice spinal cord tissue H&E staining and motor behavior evaluation. Finally, we performed RT-qPCR to identify the upregulated miRNA in EPC-EXOs and manipulate its expression to estimate its role in macrophage polarization, SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation, and motor behavior improvement.
Results
We found that EPC-EXOs decreased the macrophages’ M1 polarization marker expression and increased their M2 polarization marker expression on the 7 and 14 days after SCI. The spinal cord H&E staining results showed that EPC-EXOs raised the tissue-sparing area rate significantly after 28 days of SCI and the motor behavior evaluation indicated an increased BMS score and motor evoked potential by EPC-EXOs treatment after SCI. The RT-qPCR assay identified that miR-222-3P was specifically upregulated in EPC-EXOs and its miRNA-mimic also decreased the M1 polarization and increased the M2 polarization of macrophages. Additionally, miR-222-3P mimic activated the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibition blocked miR-2223P’s effects on macrophage polarization and mouse motor behavior.
Conclusion
Comprehensively, we discovered that EPC-EXOs-derived miR-222-3P affected macrophage polarization via SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and promoted mouse functional repair after SCI. This reveals EPC-EXOs’ role in macrophage polarization and will provide a novel interventional strategy to induce the poste-SCI recovery.
Android Applications Classification with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mohammed Mustapha Adamu , Asante Michael , Alornyo Seth , Essah Bernard Obo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an effort to foster the growth of Android in the mobile operating system market and keep current consumers, Google has made millions of applications, some of which are free and others of which are paid apps, available in the Google Play store. Users have, however, regu- larly complained that the store is full of malicious apps and low quality apps, putting their devices and personal information at risk. Detec- tion of mobile applications vulnerabilities remains a significant challenge due to the constant evolution of methods to obfusticate and circumvent current detection and security schemes.The ability to correctly classify and categorize mobile applications, especially those built for Android, is crucial for separating malignant applications from benign ones thereby protecting the many more devices of unsuspecting users.This paper presents a deep neural network technique to classify android applications into legitimate and malware applications. Specifically,we first proposed applications classification model based on deep belief neural network classifier.The neural network was built and trained on real dataset to classify android-based applications using TensorFlow library and imple- mented on python programming language. We further trained and tested our neural network’s classification performance against that of four tra- ditional deep feed-forward neural networks and seven baseline models based on machine learning algorithms on the same data. According to experimental results, a deep belief neural network-based model could accurately categorize Android apps into benign and malicious cate- gories with 98.7% of the time. Compared to all previous deep learning and machine learning methods, this represents a significant improve- ment. Also,the categorization accuracy of the DBN model is better than that of numerous other models examined by earlier researchers.
WITHDRAWN: Helicobacter pylori Primary and Secondary Antimicrobial Resistance through 22 Years of Culture Experience (2000-2021)
Authors: de Arbulo Marta Gomez-Ruiz , Tamayo Esther , Bujanda Luis , Mendibil Leire , Mendiola Josune , Cilla Gustavo , Montes Milagrosa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori gastritis is considered to be an infectious disease, irrespective of an individual’s symptoms and stage of disease. Until now, most consensus recommendations were based on empirical treatments conditional on local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The aim of this study was to provide information about the primary and secondary antimicrobial resistance rates in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain, and to share the experience of H. pylori culture followed by susceptibility testing.
Methods
In total, 31,406 gastroduodenal biopsies and 2,641 string tests from patients over the age of 15 were plated on selective media, isolating H. pylori in 36.7% of biopsies and 50.7% of string tests. Antibiograms could be performed in 96.6% (12,399/12,835) of H pylori isolates. Overall, 10.8% (1,343/12,399) of antibiograms were obtained from second or subsequent samples from the same patient. PCRs were also used to detect H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance.
Results
Primary resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was unusual, 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively. Primary resistances to clarithromycin and metronidazole remained constant through the 22-years of study, around 14% and 30% respectively. Primary resistance to levofloxacin tripled from 7.6% in 2000 to 21.7% in 2021 (p < 0.001) and grew with patient’s increasing age. Simultaneous resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin was 1.8%. Secondary resistance to all antimicrobials was significantly higher than primary resistance.
Conclusion
We encourage Microbiology laboratories to perform culture and/or PCR of H. pylori followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, allowing physicians to follow a tailored treatment strategy.
Complete thoracoscopic S9 and/or S10 segmentectomy through a pulmonary ligament approach: a case control study
Authors: Mitsuboshi Shota , Matsumoto Takako , Omata Motoka , Shidei Hiroaki , Ogihara Akira , Koen Akihiro , Aoshima Hiroe , Isaka Tamami , Kanzaki Masato 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The high resolution of computed tomography has found the pulmonary ligaments that consists of a double serous layer of visceral pleura, forms the intersegmental septum, and enters the lung parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the clinical feasibility of thoracoscopic segmentectomy (TS) of the lateral basal segment (S9), posterior basal segment (S10), and both through the pulmonary ligament (PL).
Methods
Between February 2009 and November 2021, 542 patients underwent segmentectomy for malignant lung tumors at Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). This study included 51 patients. Among them, 40 underwent a complete TS of the S9, S10, or both by the PL approach (PL group), and the remaining 11 by the interlobar fissure approach (IF group).
Results
Patients’ characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the PL group, 34 underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and 6 underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the IF group, all 11 underwent VATS. Operation duration, estimated blood loss, and postoperative complication frequency were not significantly different between these groups, but the maximum tumor diameter showed a significant difference. Local recurrence was observed in only 2 patients from the IF group.
Conclusions
Complete TS of the S9, S10, and both through the PL is a reasonable option for tumors located in such segments.
Comparison of Reproductive Performance of Black Sea Salmon Broodstock (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) Reaching First Sexual Maturity at Different Ages
Authors: Özel Osman Tolga , Çakmak Eyüp , Çankırılıgil Ekrem Cem , Düzgüneş Zehra Duygu , Çimagil Recayi , Batir Esin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the individual first maturation age diversity in hatchery originated F6 generation Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) broodstock created by applying a selective breeding program. The study was carried out in freshwater ponds and marine net cage systems between 2018–2021. In the study, 136 broodstock reaching the first sexual maturity at the age of 22 months, 87 of the broodstock reaching the age of 34 months and 3 of those reaching the age of 46 months were evaluated. Total egg production, relative egg production, egg diameter and fertilization rates were determined at the first stripping of broodstock that reached sexual maturity at different ages. The first gonadal development measurements and stripping studies were carried out for broodstock aged 22 months in 2018–2019, 34 months in 2019–2020 and 46 months in 2020–2021. Total egg yields of 22, 34 and 46 months old broodstock, which were stripped, were calculated 1108.98 ± 40.73, 3869.02 ± 138.43 and 5899.52 ± 1143.78 egg/broodstock, relative egg yields were calculated 3024.87 ± 87, 2291.90 ± 89.52 and 1816.00 ± 284.51 egg/broodstock, egg diameters were measured 4,40 ± 0,00, 5,07 ± 0,00 and 5,35 ± 0,00 mm, fertilization rate were determined %92,21 ± 0,87, %95,69 ± 1,65 and 89,83 ± 2,77 respectively. In the broodstock, individuals with a first maturation age of 22 months have predominantly red spots with a white halo around the perimeter, individuals with a first maturation age of 34 months have predominantly silvery coloration with black spots, individuals with a first maturation age of 46 months have completely silvery coloration with black spots.
A new approach to peer review assessments: Score, then rank
Authors: Gallo Stephen A. , Pearce Michael , Lee Carole J. , Erosheva Elena A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: In many peer review settings, proposals are selected for funding onthe basis of some summary statistics – such as the mean, median, or percentile –of review scores. There are numerous challenges to working with scores. Theseinclude low inter-rater reliability, epistemological differences, susceptibility tovarying levels of leniency or harshness of reviewers, and the presence of ties. Adifferent approach that is able to mitigate some of these issues would be toadditionally collect rankings such as top-k preferences or paired comparisons andincorporate them in the analysis of review scores. Rankings and pairedcomparisons are scale-free and can enforce demarcation between proposals bydesign. However, analyzing scores and rankings simultaneously has not been doneuntil recently due to the lack of tools for principled modeling.
Methods: We first introduce an innovative protocol for collecting rankingsamong top quality proposals. This rankings collection is done as an add-on to thetypical peer review procedures focused on scores and does not require reviewersto rank all proposals. We then present statistical methodology for obtaining anintegrated score for each proposal, and from the integrated scores an inducedpreference ordering, that captures both types of peer review inputs: scores andrankings. Our statistical methodology allows for the collected rankings to differfrom the score-implied rankings; this feature is essential when the two qualityassessments disagree which, as we find empirically, often happens in peer review.We illustrate how our method quantifies the uncertainty in order to betterunderstand reviewer preferences among similarly scored proposals.
Results: Using artificial “toy” examples and real peer review data, wedemonstrate that incorporating top-k rankings into scores allows us to betterlearn when reviewers can distinguish between proposals. We also examine therobustness of this system to partial rankings, inconsistencies between ratings andrankings, and outliers. Finally, we discuss how, using panel data, this method canprovide information about funding priority that provides a level of accuracy in aformat that is well suited for the types of decisions research funders make.
Conclusions: The gathering of both rating and ranking data and the use ofintegrated scores and its induced preference ordering can have many advantagesover methods relying on ratings alone, leveraging more information to mostaccurately distill reviewer opinion into a useful output to make the most informedfunding decision.
Detecting Deception using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning in Datasets on Covid-19 and Climate Change
Authors: Brzic Barbara , Boticki Ivica , Babac Marina Bagic 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Deception in computer-mediated communication represents a threat and there is a growing need to develop efficient methods of detecting it. Machine learning models have, through natural language processing, proven to be extremely successful in detecting lexical patterns related to deception. In this study, four selected machine learning models are trained and tested on data collected through a crowdsourcing platform on the topics of Covid-19 and climate change. The performance of the models was tested by analyzing n-grams (from unigrams to trigrams), and by using psycho-linguistic analysis. A selection of important features was carried out and further deepened by additional testing of the models on different subsets of the obtained features. The developed models were tested using own and alternative data in order to examine their applicability. The performance of the models trained on combined data are examined, to gain insight into the possibility of generalization and models’ applicability to different datasets. This study concludes that the domain of the collected data, more precisely the subjectivity of the collected data topic, greatly affects the performance of machine learning models in detecting hidden linguistic features of deception. The psycho-linguistic analysis alone and in combination with n-grams achieves better classification results than n-gram analysis while testing the models on own data, but also while examining the possibility of generalization, especially on trigrams where the combined approach achieves notably higher accuracy. The n-gram analysis proved to be a more robust method during the testing of the mutual applicability of the models, while psycho-linguistic analysis remained most inflexible.
Steering the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis under oxygen-limited conditions with anode assisted electro-fermentation
Authors: Sun Yu , Kokko Marika , Vassilev Igor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Bacillus subtilis is generally regarded as a ubiquitous facultative anaerobe. Oxygen is the major electron acceptor of B. subtilis, and when oxygen is absent, B. subtilis can donate electrons to nitrate or perform fermentation. An anode electrode can also be used by microorganisms as the electron sink in systems called anodic electro-fermentation. The facultative anaerobic character of B. subtilis makes it an excellent candidate to explore with different electron acceptors, including an anode. This study aimed to optimise industrial aerobic bioprocesses using alternative electron acceptors. In particular, the change of metabolism and end product spectrum of B. subtilis with different electron acceptors, including anode from the electro-fermentation system, was investigated.
Results: B. subtilis was grown using three electron acceptors, i.e., oxygen, nitrate, and anode (poised at a potential of 0.70 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). The results showed oxygen had a crucial role for cells to remain metabolically active. When nitrate or anode was applied as the sole electron acceptor anaerobically, immediate cell lysis and limited glucose consumption were observed. In anode assisted electro-fermentation with a limited aeration rate, acetoin, as the main end product showed the highest yield of 0.78 ± 0.04 molproduct/molglucose, 2-fold higher than without poised potential (0.39 ± 0.08 molproduct/molglucose).
Conclusions: Oxygen controls B. subtilis biomass growth, alternative electron acceptors utilisation and metabolites formation. Limited oxygen/air supply enabled the bacteria to donate excess electrons to nitrate or anode, leading to steered metabolic pathways. The anode assisted electro-fermentation showed its potential to boost acetoin production for future industrial biotechnology applications.
100 important questions about Bitcoin’s energy use and ESG impacts
Authors: Rudd Murray A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBitcoin currently consumes about 0.4% of global electricity and some vocal critics have argued that widespread Bitcoin production and adoption will exacerbate global warming. Bitcoin advocates, on the other hand, have been dismayed by critics’ apparent lack of willingness to scrutinize Bitcoin’s potential role in helping improve the economics of renewable energy investments, reduce net emissions from methane venting and flaring, increase electricity grid efficiency, and provide higher-order environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. Given the disparate views, there is a pressing need to identify key knowledge needs regarding Bitcoin’s net energy use, carbon emissions, and direct and indirect ESG impacts. I used a variation on the ‘key questions’ horizon scanning approach to identify 100 questions that, if answered, could help provide credible evidence to support policy-makers’, investors’, and research funders’ decision-making on issues relating to the impact of Bitcoin production and adoption. The questions are distributed across 13 themes (Bitcoin energy use – the big picture; mitigating methane emissions; electricity grid transition; Bitcoin mining – site choices and costs; Bitcoin security; retail, institutional, and national Bitcoin adoption; governance; values and beliefs; inflation and discount rate; adaptive capacity; narratives; knowledge creation and communication; and social impacts). The breadth of knowledge required to answer key questions highlights the need to develop a prioritized research agenda, build research capacity, and encourage collaborative cross-sectoral and -disciplinary research. Defensible policy analyses that consider the net impact of interacting factors are needed to support evidence-based decision-making by investors, regulators, and policy-makers.
Left Ventricular Inflow to Outflow Angle and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Post- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Tsuda Masaki , Egami Yasuyuki , Nakamura Hitoshi , Yasumoto Koji , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga-Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) indicates poor clinical outcomes. Limited information exists on the predictors of increased BNP. This study aimed to evaluate whether the left ventricular inflow to outflow (LVIO) angle, assessd using computed tomography, is associated with BNP increase post-TAVI.
Methods
We assessed 144 consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI for native aortic stenosis without new-onset atrial fibrillation and pacemaker implantation post-TAVI. Based on the BNP ratio (BNP at 30 days post-TAVI / BNP pre-TAVI), we divided the patients into the BNP-rise (BNP ratio > 1) and non BNP-rise groups (BNP ratio ≤ 1), and compared the LVIO angle, as well as baseline, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics between them.
Results
Forty-five (31%) patients were classified as BNP-rise. The systolic LVIO angle was significantly smaller in the BNP-rise than the non BNP-rise group (119.2° ± 7.2° vs. 124.3° ± 7.2°, P < 0.01); although, the mean aortic gradient, BNP level, and calcium volume of the aortic valve at baseline were significantly lower in the BNP-rise group. Procedural characteristics did not differ between the groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the systolic LVIO angle of < 118° was independently associated with increased BNP levels post-TAVI (Odd ratio 7.01, 95% confidence interval 2.37–20.79, P < 0.01), in addition to the mean aortic gradient and aortic valve calcium volume.
Conclusions
The systolic LVIO angle correlated with increase in BNP levels post-TAVI, independent of pre-procedural aortic stenosis severity. A small systolic LVIO angle may necessitate close follow-up post-TAVI.
Contribution of prophylactic administration of flurbiprofen for mesenteric traction syndrome to postoperative leakage or bleeding in gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Suzuki Manzo , Shibata Junpei , Mochizuki Toshiaki , Bito Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mesenteric traction syndrome sometimes occurs during abdominal surgery. Prophylactic administration of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, prevents the development of mesenteric traction syndrome. However, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for postoperative pain increases the incidence of postoperative bleeding. Our aim was to examine the effect of prophylactic flurbiprofen administration on postoperative leakage or bleeding after gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods
A retrospective observational study on patients who underwent open or laparoscopic abdominal surgery was conducted. Perioperative, anesthesia and medical records were reviewed. Patients who did (Group F) or did not receive (Group C) prophylactic flurbiprofen administration were compared. Then, Group F (Group FM and Group FC) and Group C (Group CM and Group CC) were each divided into patients who did or did not develop mesenteric traction syndrome, respectively.
Results
This study included 188 patients (Group FM, 1 patient; Group FC, 31 patients; Group CM, 59 patients; Group CC, 97 patients). Seventeen patients developed postoperative leakage or bleeding. Eleven group CM patients (18.6%), 4 group FC patients (12%), and only 2 group CC patients (2%) developed postoperative leakage or bleeding.
Conclusion
Prophylactic flurbiprofen administration increased the risk of postoperative leakage or bleeding among patients who did not develop mesenteric traction syndrome.