bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
304 The Paternal Programming of Periconception Development
Authors: Morgan Hannah L , Watkins Adam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is now a significant body of human and animal model data which identify common associations between perturbed development during gestation, disproportionate fetal growth and poor adult cardiovascular and metabolic health. Typically, these studies focus on the impact of poor maternal health on offspring development and well-being. However, a growing evidence base now indicates that sub-optimal paternal factors (such as diet) can also program adult offspring ill-health. While the link between paternal health and offspring well-being is becoming established, attention is being focused on defining the underlying mechanism(s). Here, the father may influence post-fertilization development through two main pathways, the integrity and status of the sperm genome (including epigenome) and through components of the seminal plasma. We have used mouse models of poor-quality diet to study the impact sub-optimal paternal nutrition has on the quality and epigenetic status of the sperm, embryonic development and fetal growth. We have also used our models to study the relative seminal plasma and sperm contributions to adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic health. Our studies identify a continuum of changes ranging from testicular morphology, sperm epigenetic status, preimplantation embryo development, fetal growth and adult offspring cardio-metabolic ill-health in response to either over or undernutrition. Interestingly, we also observed that these long-term offspring effects appear mediated through specific sperm and seminal plasma specific mechanisms. Our data highlight the significance of a father’s diet at the time of conception for the development and well-being of his offspring.
308 Evaluation of Implants and Precision Supplementation on Growth and Muscle Accretion in Beef Steers Post Weaning
Authors: Jacobs Joshua L , Greene Maslyn A , Udoka Aliute , Hersom Matt , Andrae John G , Duckett Susan K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgrounding or stocker operations attempt to add value to calves by efficiently adding weight and predominately taking advantage of the protein accretion phase of development, ultimately preparing calves for later stages of production. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of an implant (Revalor-G) or implant plus supplementation on protein accretion patterns in backgrounded beef steers. A 56-day backgrounding study was conducted using Angus-based steers (n = 69; initial BW 233 ± 29 kg) grazing a cow pea and millet mixture. Steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 23 steers per treatment): 1) grazing only (G), 2) grazing with implant (GI), or 3) grazing with implant plus individual animal supplementation via Super Smart Feeder at 0.75% BW (GIS). Steers were weighed and blood was collected every 14 days to determine plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations. Ultrasound measurements of ribeye area and backfat were collected at days 0, 28, and 56 of study. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX function of SAS version 9.4. GIS steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.0004) body weight change than GI or G steers. GI and GIS steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.0117) ribeye area compared with G steers. GI steers had a greater (P &lt; 0.0180) ribeye area to body weight ratio than G steers. When evaluating blood parameters, GI steers had a greater (P&lt; 0.0009) plasma BUN concentration than GIS steers. No treatment differences were observed for plasma creatinine concentrations. G and GI steers had a greater (P ≤ 0.0290) BUN to creatinine ratio than GIS steers. Results of this study suggest that implanted steers may require additional supplementation to optimize growth and muscle accretion.
310 Effects of Stair Step Strategy and Immunomodulatory Feed Ingredient Supplementation on Thermoregulation, Growth, and Reproduction of Grazing Bos Indicus-Influenced Beef Heifers
Authors: de Izquierdo Vinicius Souza , Vendramini Joao , Moriel Philipe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This 2-yr study evaluated the combination of stair step supplementation strategy and OmniGen-AF inclusion on body thermoregulation, growth, and reproduction of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. Brangus heifers (n = 64/year) were stratified by BW and age (257 ± 20 kg; 271 ± 22 d) and allocated into 16 bahiagrass pastures. Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of concentrate dry matter (DM) supplementation at 1.50% of BW from day 0 to 100 (CON) or concentrate DM supplementation at 1.05% of BW from day 0 to 49 and 1.95% of BW from day 50 to 100 (SST), which included or not OmniGen-AF from day 0 to 100 (OMN; 4 g/45 kg of BW). Heifers were submitted to an estrus synchronization protocol from day 100 to 114, inseminated from day 112 to 114, and exposed to bulls from day 120 to 210. Data were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX procedure. Heifer BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) on days 0 and 56, but on days 100 and 210 it was greater (P ≤ 0.01) for SST vs. CON. Intravaginal temperatures from day 26 to 30, between 0830 and 1600h were least (P ≤ 0.03) for SST offered OMN and did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among all remaining treatments. Body surface temperature on day 25 and plasma IGF-1 concentrations on day 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for SST vs. CON. Percentage of pubertal heifers, estrus detection, and pregnancy to AI did not differ (P = 0.36) between SST and CON, but final pregnancy percentage was greater (P = 0.04) for SST. Thus, OMN decreased intravaginal temperature of SST heifers but failed to improve their growth and reproduction, whereas the stair step strategy improved body thermoregulation, growth, and final pregnancy percentage of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers.
311 Administering a Bovine Appeasing Substance to Beef Heifers During an Estrous Synchronization Protocol and its Impacts on Temperament and Pregnancy Rate
Authors: Dias Nicholas W Wege , Pancini Stefania , Goncherenko Guillermo , Currin John , Clark Sherrie , Stewart Jamie L , Cooke Reinaldo , Mercadante Vitor Rodrigues G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of administering a bovine appeasing substance (BAS) to Bos taurus (angus crossed) beef replacement heifers at the initiation of an estrous synchronization (TAI) protocol on their temperament and pregnancy rates. A total of 348 heifers at four locations were stratified by body weight (BW); reproductive tract score (RTS), and temperament score [TS; average of exit velocity (EV) and chute score (CS), determined at the day of initiation of TAI) and assigned to receive BAS (IRSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 173) or placebo (water; CON; n = 175). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each heifer at the initiation of the TAI protocol. Within location, heifers were allocated to pens (6 pens per treatment; pen being the experimental unit) and received a free-choice total mixed ration during the duration of the experiment. Temperament (EV, CS) was assessed three times (days 0, 7 and 9) during the TAI protocol by the same trained technician. Pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography between days 45 and 55 post TAI. Heifer BW (379.5±5 kg), RTS (3.8±0.06), CS on days 0, 7 and 9 (2.33±0.06, 2.08±0.04, and 1.91±0.04, respectively), and EV on days 0, 7 and 9 (1.35±0.03, 1.28±0.03, and 1.39±0.03 m/s, respectively), and estrus expression prior to TAI (40.2±5.9%) were similar (P&gt;0.10) between treatments. Pregnancy rate to TAI differed among locations (P&lt; 0.05); however, it was not affected by treatment (39.7±8.2% and 41.0±3.7% for CON and BAS, respectively), with no treatment by location interaction. In conclusion, administration of BAS to beef heifers at the initiation of a TAI protocol did not alter temperament, measured as CS and EV, and failed to increase pregnancy rates.
315 Recognizing and Balancing Sustainable Trade-Offs in the Swine Industry
Authors: DeRouchey Joel M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recognizing and balancing trade-offs that constitute sustainability, economics, and practical reality is essential for practice adoption. There are many situations where producers have aligned all three criteria. Advancement of in-barn practices such as water cups compared to nipple drinkers provides for improved water conservation and economics. Also, injection of manure slurry directly into the soil decreases atmospheric nitrogen losses, reduces phosphorus runoff, reduces or eliminates inorganic fertilizer applications, and improves soil health and fertility. The use of dietary synthetic amino acids to lower nitrogen excretion or feed additives such as phytase to lower phosphorus excretion are widely used and are economical sustainable practices. Increasing whole farm productivity through improved pig survivability is a means to achieve a win-win tradeoff. Improving pig survivability with advancements in-barn management practices, genetic selection, health and nutritional programs will directly impact the sustainability of pork producers. However, everyday examples are also present where these criteria conflict. The use of feed by-products in diets to reduce feed cost per pig are common. However, these types of dietary ingredients, in particular dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) is lower in protein digestibility then soybean meal and corn, thus increases nitrogen excretion. At a higher inclusion such as 30% of the diet, the nitrogen excretion level would be raised by approximately 15%. Also, as the value of corn oil has increased for other industries, ethanol plants are extracting more oil from DDGS, in turn the net energy concentration is lowered. This results in pigs having poorer feed efficiency, thus increasing total manure production. Thus, the economic feed cost advantage has a tradeoff with increased nitrogen excretion and manure production. Pork producers will continue to be progressive and create opportunities to further combine sustainability, economics, and practical reality of implementation.
323 Effects of Slaughter Weight and sex on Multivariate fat Allometric Coefficients for Determination of Optimal Slaughter Points on Crossbred Angus x Nellore Steers and Bulls
Authors: Franco Arturo Macias , da Silva Aghata Elins Moreira , Fonseca Mozart , De Filho Sebastiao Campos Valhadares 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Animal breed, sex, age, and nutrition dynamically affect tissue deposition and requirements which cumulatively represent economic losses due to suboptimal slaughter points in varied animals. Herein, we investigate the potential implementation of principal components analysis (PCA) of carcass fat and live biometric measures (BM) collected in bulls and steers fed similar dietary regimens for detection of a multivariate representation of allometric growth desirable across sex to determine optimal slaughter points. A total of 40 F1 Angus x Nellore bulls and steers 12.5 ± 0.51 mo. of age, with an average shrunk BW of 233 ± 23.5 and 238 ± 24.6 kg for bulls and steers, respectively, were randomly distributed into a 1 + 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (1 reference group, 2 sexes, and 3 slaughter weights) with eight animals (4 bulls and 4 steers) slaughtered at the start of the trial and served as reference. The rest were slaughtered once average body weights (BW) of the group reached 380 ± 19.5 (6 bulls and 5 steers), 440 ± 19.2 (6 bulls and 5 steers), and 500 ± 19.5 kg (5 bulls and 5 steers). Variance explained by the first principal component (PC1) differed among the slaughter weights and sex. Fat deposition for steers was more homogeneously and highly correlated in the multivariate space (MS) for BW &lt; 380kg, whereas for bulls, fat deposition was more scattered and less correlated. For BW &gt; 380kg, the opposite was observed. Bulls had a more homogeneous distribution in MS with higher correlation, and the steers had a more heterogeneous contribution. The highly significant differences between the MS along PC1 highlight the different dynamics of nutrient deposition for bulls and steers in different stages of growth. Therefore, provided with an adequate nutrition, carcass homogeneity is higher for bulls slaughtered at heavier BW.
324 Factors Affecting Growth, Efficiency, and Carcass Quality of Finishing Dairy x Beef Hybrids
Authors: Womack Addie , Robison Colton A , Farran Garrett , Wilson Blake K , Genther-Schroeder Olivia N , Wistuba Troy , Beck Paul A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our objectives were to determine how pre-finishing plane of nutrition, season, and breed of beef sire affect performance, efficiency, and carcass attributes of dairy-beef hybrid calves. Dairy × beef hybrid steers (3 to 7 d of age) were maintained on either a moderate plane of nutrition or high plane of nutrition from 0 to 12 wk of age. Calves (n = 211, BW = 122 ± 16 kg) were then transported 689 km to the OSU Sparks Beef Research Center at an average age of 92 ± 1.6 d in four blocks. Calves from predominantly Holstein dairies in the Midwest were sired by Angus (n = 147) or Continental breed (n = 64) sires. Steers were processed on arrival and were sorted by BW within previous treatment into 4 to 5 head pens and fed receiving diets. Steers were transitioned to a grower diet from d 14 to 112. Steers were fed a 12% roughage finishing diet from d-112 to 224. A final 8% roughage finishing diet was fed from d 224 to slaughter with ractopamine hydrochloride (300 mg·steer-1·d -1) included the last 28-d before harvest. Increasing plane of nutrition during the milk replacer and starter feeding period increased (P ≤ 0.03) initial BW at arrival and through d 84, but was not affected (P ≥ 0.08) thereafter. Calves received during the winter and spring were heavier (P &lt; 0.01) on arrival through d 168 and at harvest and gained BW faster during the growing phase and final finishing phase than steers received during the summer. Steers sired by Angus sires were heavier throughout finishing (P &lt; 0.01) and gained BW more rapidly (P &lt; 0.01) than steers sired by Continental breeds. Breed of sire and season have a large impact on performance of finishing dairy × beef hybrids.
325 Candidate Plasma Biomarkers Associated with Residual Feed Intake in Beef Steers
Authors: Taiwo Godstime A , Idowu Modoluwamu , Collins Shelby , Sidney Taylor S , Wilson Mathew E , Pech-Cervantes Andres a , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We applied chemical group-based metabolomics to identify blood metabolic signatures associated with residual feed intake in beef cattle. A group of 56 crossbred growing beef steers (average BW = 261 ± 18.5 kg) were adapted to a high-forage total mixed ration in a confinement dry lot equipped with GrowSafe intake nodes for period of 49 d to determine their residual feed intake (RFI) classification. After RFI determination, weekly blood samples were collected three times from beef steers with the least RFI [most efficient (HFE); n = 8; RFI = - 1.93 kg/d] and greatest RFI [least efficient (LFE); n = 8; 2.01 kg/d]. Plasma was prepared by centrifugation and composited for each steer. Metabolome analysis was conducted using a chemical isotope labeling (CIL)/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Analyzed metabolites included those containing amine/phenol-, carboxylic acid-, and carbonyl-chemical groups, which are metabolites associated with metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates, respectively. A total number of 495 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were detected and identified; pathway analysis of all these metabolites showed that arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism were enriched (P &lt; 0.10) in HFE, relative to LFE steers. Biomarker analysis of the amine/phenol-metabolome identified methionine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, 2-aminohexanedioic acid, and 4-chlorolysine as candidate biomarkers of RFI [false discovery rate ≤ 0.05; Area Under the Curve (AUC) &gt; 0.90]. A total of 118 and 330 metabolites containing carbonyl- and carboxylic acid-chemical groups, respectively, were detected and identified; no metabolic pathways associated with these metabolites were altered and only one candidate biomarker (methionine sulfoxide) was identified. These results identified five candidate metabolite biomarkers of RFI in beef cattle which are mostly associated with amino acid metabolism. Further validation using a larger cohort of beef cattle of different genetic pedigree is required to confirm these findings.
340 Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System
Authors: Rush Camron J , Sarturi Jhones O , Henry Darren H , Ciriaco Francine M , Woerner Dale R , Huerta-Leidenz Nelson O , Crossland Whitney L , Lopez Alejandra M , Silva Kaliu G Scaranto , Nardi Kaue Tonelli , Peters Sarah , Manna Mikala Di , Hinds Jordan , Saes Yasmim , Osorio-Doblado Andrea M , Coello Kymberly , Quijada Angel A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of a nutritional packet containing a direct-fed microbial combined with vitamins/electrolytes offered to beef steers in a calf-fed system on growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Angus crossbred steer-calves (n = 60; BW = 234 ± 4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight; steer = experimental unit) and stratified into two treatments: a) control (no packet, finely-ground corn carrier only); and b) 30 g of DM/animal-daily of a nutritional packet [live-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g), Vitamin C (5.4 g/kg of Ascorbic acid), Vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg of Thiamine hydrochloride), and electrolytes of sodium chloride (80 g/kg) and potassium chloride (80 g/kg)]. Animals were individually offered [electronic feed-bunks (Smart-Feed/C-Lock Inc.)] a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum, once daily for 233 d. Treatments were offered during the first (phase-1) and last (phase-2) 60 d on feed. Body weight measurements were taken every 30 d before feeding. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Steers offered the nutritional packet had 14% less (P &lt; 0.01) intake and 18% greater gain efficiency during the initial 30-d on feed, while such advantage did not (P ≥ 0.26) persist when accounting for the initial 60 d for either variable. Overall intake (d0 to d233) was 6% greater (P = 0.02), while carcass-adjusted ADG (1.61 vs. 1.56), and carcass-adjusted gain efficiency (0.198 vs. 0.204) were unaffected (P ≥ 0.44) compared with control, respectively. Dressing percent of steers offered the packet was 1 percentage-unit greater (P = 0.02), while other carcass variables were unaffected (P ≥ 0.33). Calf-fed steers seem to benefit from such nutritional packet during the initial 30 d after feedlot arrival, while both superior intake and dressing percentage appears to last until cattle harvest.
337 Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-Based Microbial Additive Containing Fermentation Products on Health, and Performance of Weaned Beef Steers During a 35-d Receiving Period
Authors: Idowu Modoluwamu , Taiwo Godstime A , Ogunade Ibukun M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based microbial additive containing fermentation products of multiple micro-organisms on health and performance of newly weaned beef steers during a 35-d receiving period. Crossbred beef steers (n = 80; 12-hour post-weaning; 206 ± 12 kg of BW) were stratified by BW into 4 pens (20 steers per pen) such that each pen had similar BW at the beginning of the experiment. The steers were assigned to receive a corn silage-based diet with no additive (CON; 2 pens) or a diet supplemented with a blend of live S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and B. subtilis at an average of 28 g/steer/d for the first 21 d (SYNB; 2 pens). Percentage of steers treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was calculated for each dietary treatment. Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured. Blood samples collected weekly were analyzed for mRNA expression of 84 immune-related genes and plasma metabolome. Compared with CON, supplemental SYNB increased (P ≤ 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and DMI during the first 7 d. During the first 21 d, there was no treatment effect (P &gt; 0.05) on final BW, DMI, and ADG. Over the entire 35-d receiving period, beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had greater (P = 0.01) ADG and had reduced percentage (35 vs. 50%) of animals treated for BRD. Whole blood expression of pro-inflammatory genes was downregulated while that of anti-inflammatory genes was upregulated in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. Six nutrient metabolic pathways of great health benefits were enriched (FDR ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of SYNB during the first 21 d of arrival reduced BRD morbidity, improved the performance, immune, and metabolic status of beef steers over a 35-d receiving period.
343 Effect of Ruminally-Protected Lysine Supplementation to Limit-fed Growing Cattle on Growth and Subsequent Finishing Performance
Authors: Hazlewood Kathryn J , Grant Madeline S , Blasi Dale A , Ducharme Gary A , Titgemeyer Evan C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lysine may be limiting for cattle fed diets based on corn products. Our objective was to supplement ruminally protected lysine to cattle limit-fed a corn-based diet during the growing phase and assess performance during growing and subsequent finishing phases. The 77-d growth trial used 338 crossbred steers allocated to 32 pens limit-fed 2.4% of body weight daily. Steers were implanted (40 mg trenbolone acetate, 8 mg estradiol) at trial initiation. Diets contained 39.5% corn grain, 40% wet corn gluten feed, 13% hay, and 7.5% supplement. Treatments included: no supplemental amino acids (control), 3 g/d metabolizable lysine from Smartamine ML (Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA; Lys-3), 6 g/d metabolizable lysine from Smartamine ML (Lys-6), and supplemental blood meal (Aadvantage; Perdue Agribusiness, Kings Mountain, NC) at 0.89% of dietary dry matter plus 2 g/d metabolizable methionine from Smartamine M (BM). Individual body weights were measured on d 0 and 77. After 77 d, cattle were shipped to a commercial feedlot, commingled in 2 pens, fed a common diet for 185 or 206 d, and slaughtered commercially. Performance during finishing was measured using carcass data from the slaughter facility. During the growing phase, Lys-3 tended to improve average daily gain by 0.11 kg/d (P = 0.12) and feed efficiency (P = 0.08) compared with control. During finishing, Lys-6 tended to have daily gains 0.05 kg/d greater than control and Lys-3 (P = 0.17). Carcass weights were 7.1 and 3.4 kg heavier than control for Lys-6 and Lys-3, respectively. BM did not affect performance during the growing or finishing period and resulting carcass weight. Ruminally protected lysine supplementation during the growing phase tended to improve performance of cattle during growing and/or finishing phases, as well as carcass weights.