bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer responses to the COVID‐19 crisis: evidence from bank account transaction data*
Authors: Andersen Asger Lau , Hansen Emil Toft , Johannesen Niels , Sheridan Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we use transaction‐level bank account data from Denmark to study the dynamics of consumer spending during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We document that aggregate spending initially dropped by almost 30 percent but recovered almost fully after the first wave. While spending plummeted in categories severely affected by supply restrictions, it increased in unaffected categories. Individual exposure to health risks and supply restrictions was associated with much larger spending cuts than exposure to income risk and unemployment. The findings suggest that the contraction was mainly caused by temporary health risks and supply restrictions, with a limited role for persistent negative spillovers.
Teletrabajo y trabajo en casa: tendencias contemporáneas de contratación laboral en Colombia
Authors: Molina Betancur Carlos Mario , Roncancio Bedoya Andrés Felipe 
Published: July 2022

En épocas de pandemia, el derecho laboral ha dado un giro de ciento ochenta grados, anunciando el inicio de una nueva era en las relaciones empleado-empleador. En efecto, después de casi dos años de encierro por el confinamiento anticontagio, el Gobierno nacional debió expedir una nueva legislación sobre el trabajo en casa que viene a completar la ya existente sobre el teletrabajo. Dichas medidas son producto de la globalización pandémica, donde aparecen nuevas formas de relaciones laborales entre los seres humanos.
El presente documento es una actualización y revisión del producto de investigación “El teletrabajo como tendencia contemporánea”, Medellín, Universidad de Medellín, 2016 y el Grupo de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la Universidad de Medellín. Además, es una actualización y revisión del producto de la investigación presentado en el 1.er Encuentro Internacional de Grupos de Investigación, Universidad Mariana de Pasto. También es el inicio de una reflexión más amplia del nuevo proyecto de investigación “Ética, Innovación y Paz” del Centro de Investigaciones Carlos Mauro Hoyos del Instituto de Estudios del Ministerio Público de la Procuraduría General de la Nación, el cual pretende demostrar los resultados de los efectos de la pandemia en las relaciones laborales que han generado nuevos escenarios en la contratación y modificación de la legislación laboral, pero que, aun cuando se han dado algunas, hace falta por complementar, quedando, de esta manera, un reto importante para los gobernantes de turno y los legisladores del país, quienes deberán adecuar la normatividad a las necesidades actuales de la sociedad.
A Numerical Scheme for Anisotropic Reactive Nonlinear Viscoelasticity
Authors: Ateshian Gerard A. , Petersen Courtney A. , Maas Steve A. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Reactive viscoelasticity is a theoretical framework based on the theory of reactive constrained mixtures that encompasses nonlinear viscoelastic responses. It models a viscoelastic solid as a mixture of strong and weak bonds that maintain the cohesiveness of the molecular constituents of the solid matter. Strong bonds impart the elastic response while weak bonds break and reform into a stress-free state in response to loading. The process of bonds breaking and reforming is modeled as a reaction where loaded bonds are the reactants and bonds reformed into a stress-free state are the products of a reaction. The reaction is triggered by the evolving state of loading. The state of stress in strong bonds is a function of the total strain in the material, whereas the state of stress in weak bonds is based on the state of strain relative to the time that these bonds were reformed. This study introduces two important practical contributions to the reactive nonlinear viscoelasticity framework: (1) normally, the evaluation of the stress tensor involves taking a summation over a continually increasing number of weak bond generations, which is poorly suited for a computational scheme. Therefore, this study presents an effective numerical scheme for evaluating the strain energy density, the Cauchy stress, and spatial elasticity tensors of reactive viscoelastic materials. (2) We provide the conditions for satisfying frame indifference for anisotropic nonlinear viscoelasticity, including for tension-bearing fiber models. Code verifications and model validations against experimental data provide evidence in support of this updated formulation.
Analytical Sensitivity Analysis of a Spent Nuclear Fuel Cask
Authors: Remedes Tyler J. , Ramsey Scott D. , Baciak James E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nuclear science and engineering is a field increasingly dominated by computational studies resulting from increasingly powerful computational tools. As a result, analytical studies, which previously pioneered nuclear engineering, are increasingly viewed as secondary or unnecessary. However, analytical solutions to reduced-fidelity models can provide important information concerning the underlying physics of a problem and aid in guiding computational studies. Similarly, there is increased interest in sensitivity analysis studies. These studies commonly use computational tools. However, providing a complementary sensitivity study of relevant analytical models can lead to a deeper analysis of a problem. This work provides the analytical sensitivity analysis of the one-dimensional (1D) cylindrical mono-energetic neutron diffusion equation using the forward sensitivity analysis procedure (FSAP) developed by Cacuci. Further, these results are applied to a reduced-fidelity model of a spent nuclear fuel cask, demonstrating how computational analysis might be improved with a complementary analytic sensitivity analysis.
Protocol for Home-Based Solution for Remote Atrial Fibrillation Screening to Prevent Recurrence Stroke (HUA-TUO AF Trial): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wong Chun Ka , Hai Jo Jo , Lau Yuk-Ming , Zhou Mi , LUI Hin-Wai , Lau Kui Kai , Chan Koon-Ho , Mok Toi Meng , Liu Yong , Feng Yingqing , Tan Ning , Tam Weng-Chio , Tam Kun-Chong , Feng Xiuhua , Zuo Ming-Liang , Yin Li-Xue , Tan Jing , Zhang Wen-Jun , Jiang Xiaofei , Huang Xiaoyu , Ye Jianfeng , Liang Yan , Jiang Wei , Lei Zhen , Huang Duo , Yue Wen-Sheng , Tan Guanming , Yan Bryan P , Evora Mario Alberto , Chen Ji-yan , Siu Chung-Wah 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCurrent international guidelines recommend ECG monitoring after an ischaemic stroke to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to prevent stroke recurrence. However, optimal strategies to detect AF and the downstream management to prevent stroke recurrence remain to be established. The objective of the study was to explore the use of long-term home-based ECG monitoring for AF detection and stroke prevention in patients with a history of stroke.Methods and analysisThis prospective, randomised, open-label trial with blinded endpoint adjudication aimed to evaluate the efficacy of long-term home-based ECG monitoring for AF detection and stroke prevention in a 24-month period. Patients aged >18 years with a history of ischaemic stroke will be stratified according to the time from the index ischaemic stroke: <1, 1–3 and >3 years and then randomised in 1:1 to (1) home-based AF screening and (2) control. The home-based AF screening system comprises (1) a handheld single-lead ECG recorder (Comfit Healthcare Devices, Hong Kong SAR, China) and (2) a patient-facing smartphone application specially designed for the study. Patients randomised to the home-based AF group will record a 30 s single-lead ECG using a specially designed handheld ECG device every morning or when symptomatic. All remotely obtained data will be automatically transmitted in real-time through the study smartphone application to a secured cloud hosting and analysed using an artificial intelligence-based diagnostic system. When a diagnosis of AF is made with the system, the patients will be called back for a formal cardiology consultation within 1 week. The primary endpoint is the time to first detection of AF at 24 months of follow-up. Secondary endpoints include recurrent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, initiation of long-term anticoagulation therapy, hospitalisation for heart failure, cardiovascular death and all-cause death.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the institutional review board of The University of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04523649.
Effects of prophylactic antibiotic administration and antibiotic timing on culture results and clinical outcomes of paediatric musculoskeletal infection: a protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Xia Yongjie , Deng Chao , Zhou Yibiao , Wu Dechao , Liu Zhiyong , Xie Liangfu , E Bing , Han Jingming , You Chao 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionMusculoskeletal infection (MSI) is a common cause of morbidity among the paediatric population. Some clinicians recommend withholding prophylactic antibiotics until culture collection with an aim to improve the culture sensitivity. However, a recent retrospective study reported that prophylactic antibiotic administration did not affect culture sensitivities in either disseminated or local MSI in paediatric population, which is surprising. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of prophylactic antibiotic administration and the timing of antibiotic administration on culture sensitivity and clinical outcomes of paediatric MSI.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled clinical trial will be carried out. Individuals aged 0–18 years with a diagnosis of MSI will be screened and evaluated at the Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. The participants will be randomly allocated into four groups, and they will receive the antibiotic treatment at different time points, that is, 1 week, 3 days, 1 day prior to tissue culture collection and 1 day after tissue culture collection, respectively. The primary outcome will be culture sensitivity. In addition, the disease-related markers including white blood cell count, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, vital signs as well as the length of hospital stay will be measured or recorded accordingly. Using χ2 tests, the rates of positive cultures will be compared between different groups. Statistical comparisons between the different patient groups regarding the confounding and outcome variables will be conducted using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, χ2 tests and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate with the significance level set to 5% (p<0.05).Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated both in scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100041631.
Perspectives on adapting a mobile application for pain self-management in neurofibromatosis type 1: results of online focus group discussions with individuals living with neurofibromatosis type 1 and pain management experts
Authors: Grau Lauretta E , Larkin Kaitlyn , Lalloo Chitra , Stinson Jennifer N , Zempsky William T , Ball Samuel A , Buono Frank D 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder in which chronic pain commonly occurs. The study sought to understand the needs of individuals with NF1 and pain management experts when adapting a pain self-management mobile health application (app) for individuals with NF1.DesignWe conducted a series of online, audio-recorded focus groups that were then thematically analysed.SettingOnline focus groups with adults currently residing in the USA.ParticipantsTwo types of participants were included: individuals with NF1 (n=32 across six focus groups) and pain management experts (n=10 across three focus groups).ResultsSix themes across two levels were identified. The individual level included lifestyle, reasons for using the mobile app and concerns regarding its use. The app level included desired content, desired features and format considerations. Findings included recommendations to grant free access to the app and include a community support feature for individuals to relate and validate one another’s experience with pain from NF1. In addition, participants noted the importance of providing clear instructions on navigating the app, the use of an upbeat, hopeful tone and appropriate visuals.ConclusionsBoth participant groups endorsed the use of iCanCope (iCC) as an NF1 pain self-management mobile app. Differences between groups were noted, however. The NF1 group appeared interested in detailed and nuanced pain tracking capabilities; the expert group prioritised tracking information such as mood, nutrition and activity to identify potential associations with pain. In tailoring the existing iCC app for individuals with NF1, attention should be paid to creating a community support group feature and to tailoring content, features and format to potential users’ specific needs.
Assessment of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using thermography and machine learning: a fast and automated technique
Authors: Morales-Ivorra Isabel , Narváez Javier , Gómez-Vaquero Carmen , Moragues Carmen , Nolla Joan M , Narváez José A , Marín-López Manuel Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesSensitive detection of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial to the success of the treat-to-target strategy. In this study, we characterise a novel machine learning-based computational method to automatically assess joint inflammation in RA using thermography of the hands, a fast and non-invasive imaging technique.MethodsWe recruited 595 patients with arthritis and osteoarthritis, as well as healthy subjects at two hospitals over 4 years. Machine learning was used to assess joint inflammation from the thermal images of the hands using ultrasound as the reference standard, obtaining a Thermographic Joint Inflammation Score (ThermoJIS). The machine learning model was trained and tuned using data from 449 participants with different types of arthritis, osteoarthritis or without rheumatic disease (development set). The performance of the method was evaluated based on 146 patients with RA (validation set) using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC), average precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and F1-score.ResultsThermoJIS correlated moderately with ultrasound scores (grey-scale synovial hypertrophy=0.49, p<0.001; and power Doppler=0.51, p<0.001). The AUROC for ThermoJIS for detecting active synovitis was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.86; p<0.001). In patients with RA in clinical remission, ThermoJIS values were significantly higher when active synovitis was detected by ultrasound.ConclusionsThermoJIS was able to detect joint inflammation in patients with RA, even in those in clinical remission. These results open an opportunity to develop new tools for routine detection of joint inflammation.
C reactive protein utilisation, a biomarker for early COVID-19 treatment, improves lenzilumab efficacy: results from the randomised phase 3 ‘LIVE-AIR’ trial
Authors: Temesgen Zelalem , Kelley Colleen F , Cerasoli Frank , Kilcoyne Adrian , Chappell Dale , Durrant Cameron , Ahmed Omar , Chappell Gabrielle , Catterson Victoria , Polk Christopher , Badley Andrew , Marconi Vincent C 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveCOVID-19 severity is correlated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. In the phase three LIVE-AIR trial, lenzilumab an anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody, improved the likelihood of survival without ventilation (SWOV) in COVID-19, with the greatest effect in participants having baseline CRP below a median of 79 mg/L. Herein, the utility of baseline CRP to guide lenzilumab treatment was assessed.DesignA subanalysis of the randomised, blinded, controlled, LIVE-AIR trial in which lenzilumab or placebo was administered on day 0 and participants were followed through Day 28.ParticipantsHospitalised COVID-19 participants (N=520) with SpO2 ≤94% on room air or requiring supplemental oxygen but not invasive mechanical ventilation.InterventionsLenzilumab (1800 mg; three divided doses, q8h, within 24 hours) or placebo infusion alongside corticosteroid and remdesivir treatments.Main outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was the time-to-event analysis difference in SWOV through day 28 between lenzilumab and placebo treatments, stratified by baseline CRP.ResultsSWOV was achieved in 152 (90%; 95% CI 85 to 94) lenzilumab and 144 (79%; 72 to 84) placebo-treated participants with baseline CRP <150 mg/L (HR: 2.54; 95% CI 1.46 to 4.41; p=0.0009) but not with CRP ≥150 mg/L (HR: 1.04; 95% CI 0.51 to 2.14; p=0.9058). A statistically significant interaction between CRP and lenzilumab treatment was observed (p=0.044). Grade ≥3 adverse events with lenzilumab were comparable to placebo in both CRP strata. No treatment-emergent serious adverse events were attributed to lenzilumab.ConclusionHospitalised hypoxemic patients with COVID-19 with baseline CRP <150 mg/L derived the greatest clinical benefit from treatment with lenzilumab.Trial registration numberNCT04351152
Importance of skeletal muscle lipid levels for muscle function and physical function in older individuals
Authors: Yoshiko Akito , Maeda Hisashi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Koike Teruhiko , Tanaka Noriko , Akima Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

The skeletal muscle contains lipids inside (intramyocellular lipids, IMCL) or outside (extramyocellular lipids, EMCL) its cells. The muscle lipid content increases with age; however, the characteristics of IMCL and EMCL in older individuals are not well known. We aimed to examine the characteristics of skeletal muscle lipids by investigating their relationship with muscle function and physical functions. Seven elderly men and 16 elderly women participated. The skeletal muscle lipid content, including IMCL and EMCL, was measured in the vastus lateralis by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isometric knee extension with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and time-to-task failure for knee extension with 50% MVC were measured as muscle functions. The participants performed six physical function tests: preferred gait speed, maximal gait speed, Timed Up and Go, chair sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, and stand from the floor. The time to knee extension task failure had a significant relationship with the IMCL ( rs = −0.43, P < 0.05), but not with the EMCL content. Significant relationships were confirmed in the EMCL content with the sit-to-stand ( rs = −0.48, P < 0.05) and stand-from-the-floor ( rs = 0.53, P < 0.05) tests. These findings indicated that muscle lipids are associated with muscle and physical functional performances in older individuals. Novelty: No relationship was confirmed between IMCL and EMCL in older individuals. Muscle endurance performance had a relationship with IMCL, but not with EMCL. Relationships between EMCL and physical functional tests (e.g., sit-to-stand and stand from the floor) were confirmed.
Factors influencing the presence of parasitic trombiculids on red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) in a temperate archipelago
Authors: Mallinger Elyse C. , Olson Erik R. , Vincent Geoffrey P. , Van Stappen Julie , Van Deelen Timothy R. 
Published: July 2022

Parasites can influence host population health and dynamics and are often an overlooked aspect of the ecology of ecosystems. Understanding the impacts of ecological interactions between parasites and small mammals can provide insights into ecosystem dynamics. We live trapped small mammals within the Apostle Islands archipelago (2017–2020) and assessed factors influencing the presence of mites from the Trombiculidae family. Archipelagos provide unique research opportunities because in small mammal–parasitic trombiculid systems, they are essentially closed systems. We detected trombiculids on 47% of red-backed vole ( Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)) individuals but rarely detected trombiculids on other species. We developed and ranked a set of a priori logistic regression models of trombiculid presence relative to habitat quality, host abundance, body condition, sex, and sexual maturity to identify factors significant in predicting trombiculid infection for M. gapperi. Parasitic trombiculids were more likely when M. gapperi abundance was high and body condition was poor; however, it is unknown whether trombiculids affect condition or if trombiculids are more likely to parasitize hosts in poor condition. The significance of host abundance may indicate density-dependent transmission. Our work suggests that host density and body condition are important factors influencing parasitism by trombiculids in M. gapperi populations.
A method for estimating songbird abundance with drones
Authors: Wilson Andrew M. , Glass Darren B. , Immordino Marisa A. , Ozoh Precious S. , Sherman Lauren B. , Somers McKenzie D. 
Published: July 2022

Using drones to conduct airborne bioacoustics surveys is a potentially useful new way to estimate the abundance of vocal bird species. Here we show that by using two audio recorders suspended from a quadcopter drone it is possible to estimate distances to birds with precision. In an experimental test, the mean error of our estimated distances to a broadcast song across 11 points between 0 and 100 m away was just 3.47 m. In field tests, we compared 1 min airborne counts with 5 min terrestrial counts at 34 count locations. We found that the airborne counts yielded similar data to the terrestrial point counts for most of the 10 songbird species included in our analysis, and that the effective detection radii were also similar. However, airborne counts significantly under-detected the Northern Cardinal (χ29 = 22.8, post-hoc test P = 0.007), which we attribute to a behavioral response to the drone. Airborne counts work best for species that vocalize close to the ground and have high-frequency-range songs. Under those circumstances, airborne bioacoustics could have several advantages over ground-based surveys, including increased precision, increased repeatability, and easier access to difficult terrain. Further, we show that it is possible to do rapid surveys using airborne techniques, which could lead to the development of much more efficient survey protocols than are possible using traditional survey techniques.
Temporal and spatial significance of volcanic particles in sand(stone): implications for provenance and palaeotectonic reconstructions
Authors: Critelli Salvatore , Criniti Sara , Ingersoll Raymond V. , Cavazza William 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Volcanic particles have particular geodynamic significance. Despite abundant datasets on volcanic-derived sand(stone), the distinction between spatial and temporal distribution of volcanic particles within the sedimentary record is poorly documented. One of the most intricate tasks in optical analysis of volcaniclastic sand(stone) is the distinction of grains eroded from ancient volcanic rocks (palaeovolcanic, noncoeval grains) from grains generated by active volcanism during sedimentation (neovolcanic coeval grains). Petrologic methods are useful for deciphering temporal significance of volcanic particles in detail between palaeovolcanic and neovolcanic, and for active volcanism to decipher syneruptive v. posteruptive processes during deposition in sedimentary basins close to volcanoes. Sedimentary processes during syneruptive, intereruptive and posteruptive phases are well described in continental environments in terms of changing sedimentary facies, for example, the architecture (from body scale to stratigraphic scale), width/depth ratios of palaeochannels, palaeosols and composition of fluvial-channel deposits, whereas they are less documented in deep-marine environments. Examples of volcaniclastic sedimentation derived from both palaeovolcanic and neovolcanic sources are found in diverse geotectonic settings.