bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative prey species detection in predator guts across multiple trophic levels by mapping unassembled shotgun reads
Authors: Paula Débora P. , Timbó Renata V. , Togawa Roberto C. , Vogler Alfried P. , Andow David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantifying species trophic interaction strengths is crucial for understanding community dynamics and has significant implications for pest management and species conservation. DNA‐based methods to identify species interactions have revolutionized these efforts, but a significant limitation is the poor ability to quantify the strength of trophic interactions, that is the biomass or number of prey consumed. We present an improved pipeline, called Lazaro, to map unassembled shotgun reads to a comprehensive arthropod mitogenome database and show that the number of prey reads detected is quantitatively predicted from the prey biomass consumed, even for indirect predation. Two feeding bioassays were performed: starved coccinellid larvae consuming different numbers of aphids (Prey Quantity bioassay), and starved coccinellid larvae consuming a chrysopid larvae that had consumed aphids (Direct and Indirect Predation bioassay). Prey taxonomic assignment against a mitochondrial genome database had high accuracy (99.8% positive predictive value) and the number of prey reads was directly related to the number of prey consumed and inversely related to the elapsed time since consumption with high significance (r2 = .932, p = 4.92E‐6). Aphids were detected up to 6 h after direct predation plus 3 h after indirect predation (9 h in total) and detection was related to the predator‐specific decay rates. Lazaro enabled quantitative predictions of prey consumption across multiple trophic levels with high taxonomic resolution while eliminating all false positives, except for a few confirmed contaminants, and may be valuable for characterizing prey consumed by field‐sampled predators. Moreover, Lazaro is readily applicable for species diversity determination from any degraded environmental DNA.
Experiences and perspectives of cancer stakeholders regarding COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Bartley Nicci , Havard Polly , Butow Phyllis , Shaw Joanne ,   COVID‐19 Cancer Stakeholder Authorship Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe risk of dying from COVID‐19 is higher for those who are older, immune‐compromised, or chronically ill. Vaccines are an effective strategy in reducing mortality and morbidity from COVID‐19. However, for COVID‐19 vaccination programs to reach full potential, vaccines must be taken up by those at greatest risk, such as cancer patients. Understanding the perspectives of all stakeholders involved in cancer patient COVID‐19 vaccine uptake will be critical to ensuring appropriate support, and information is provided to facilitate vaccination. The aim of this research was to explore the longitudinal views of cancer stakeholders regarding COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with cancer patients (n = 23), family members (n = 10), cancer health professionals (n = 19), and representatives of cancer nongovernment organizations (n = 7) across Australia 6 and 12 months postrecruitment. Transcripts were thematically analyzed, using an inductive approach.ResultsAll stakeholder groups expressed mostly positive attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination, with the following key themes identified: (1) high motivation—vaccination perceived as offering health protection and hope; (2) hesitancy—concern about vaccine hesitancy among the general population, with a minority hesitant themselves; (3) confusion and frustration—regarding the vaccine rollout and patient eligibility; (4) uncertainty—about vaccination in the context of cancer; (5) access to vaccination; and (6) desire for expert individualized advice—on vaccine interaction with cancer treatments.ConclusionThese findings highlight the COVID‐19 vaccine concerns and information needs of cancer stakeholders. Policymakers need to provide clear tailored information regarding vaccine eligibility, accessibility, benefits, and risks to facilitate vaccine uptake.
Postpartum anaemia in three New Zealand district health board regions: An observational study of incidence and management
Authors: Calje Esther , Marriott Joy , Oyston Charlotte , Dixon Lesley , Bloomfield Frank , Groom Katie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe incidence of postpartum anaemia (PPA) in New Zealand, and the extent of intravenous iron (IV‐iron) use in its treatment, are unknown.AimsTo report the incidence of PPA in three district health board (DHB) regions and describe current management of moderate to severe PPA, including by ethnicity.Materials and MethodsRetrospective observational study of PPA (haemoglobin (Hb) <100 g/L) in three DHBs from July–December 2019. Cases with moderate to severe PPA (Hb <90 g/L) were reviewed and management compared to local and national guidance. Logistic regression examined demographic associations of PPA.ResultsThere were 8849 women who gave birth during the study period: 4076 (46%) had postpartum Hb testing and 1544 (38%) had PPA. Of those tested, and after adjusting for deprivation and region, European women had lower adjusted odds ratios compared to Māori for being identified as having PPA (0.46, 95% CI 0.37–0.57, P < 0.01). Of 681 women with Hb <90 g/L, 278 (41%) received IV‐iron only, 66 (10%) red blood cell transfusion (RBC‐T) only and 155 (23%) both. Of those receiving RBC‐T, 40/221 (18%) were actively bleeding. Māori (92/138, 67%) and Pacific (127/188, 68%) women with Hb <90 g/L had the highest incidence of IV‐iron use. No guidelines provided recommendations for haemodynamically stable women without active bleeding.ConclusionThe incidence and management of PPA differs by ethnicity but fewer than half of the women had Hb testing, making precise determination of incidence impossible. The majority of women with Hb <90 g/L received IV‐iron, with or without RBC‐T.
Learning Human Viewpoint Preferences from Sparsely Annotated Models
Authors: Hartwig S. , Schelling M. , Onzenoodt C. v. , Vázquez P.‐P. , Hermosilla P. , Ropinski T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractView quality measures compute scores for given views and are used to determine an optimal view in viewpoint selection tasks. Unfortunately, despite the wide adoption of these measures, they are rather based on computational quantities, such as entropy, than human preferences. To instead tailor viewpoint measures towards humans, view quality measures need to be able to capture human viewpoint preferences. Therefore, we introduce a large‐scale crowdsourced data set, which contains 58k annotated viewpoints for 3220 ModelNet40 models. Based on this data, we derive a neural view quality measure abiding to human preferences. We further demonstrate that this view quality measure not only generalizes to models unseen during training, but also to unseen model categories. We are thus able to predict view qualities for single images, and directly predict human preferred viewpoints for 3D models by exploiting point‐based learning technology, without requiring to generate intermediate images or sampling the view sphere. We will detail our data collection procedure, describe the data analysis and model training and will evaluate the predictive quality of our trained viewpoint measure on unseen models and categories. To our knowledge, this is the first deep learning approach to predict a view quality measure solely based on human preferences.
Turnover of Local Government Officials and Local Air Quality
Authors: He Lingyun , Chen Nini 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper constructs a fixed effect model to study the impact of turnover of local government officials on local air quality, and the mechanism through which this effect takes place, using data from 282 prefecture‐level cities in China from 2015 to 2019. This research shows that turnover of local government officials led to a decline in local air quality, mainly due to a “responsibility gap period.” It also found that the heterogeneity of officials and the difference in the implementation of political initiatives by cities affected the length of the “responsibility gap period” – the shorter it was, the lower the air pollution was during official turnover. Air pollution in China is still severe and the Chinese central government should therefore further reform the turnover system to improve local air quality during the turnover of key local officials by shortening the “responsibility gap period.”
Study on preformed and in situ spinel containing alumina castable for steel ladle: Effect of fume silica content
Authors: Kumar Satyam , Sarkar Ritwik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of fume silica content on preformed and in situ spinel containing alumina spinel castable was studied by varying fume silica content at 1 and 4 wt.%. Spinel content for preformed alumina spinel castables varied from 10 to 30 wt.% and MgO content for in situ alumina spinel castables varied from 2.8 to 8.4 wt.%, respectively, and the distribution coefficient (q value) was maintained at .21 and .29 as per Dinger and Funk model. Different castable compositions were processed as per conventional processing technique and further evaluated for densification and strength studies after heat treatment at 110, 1000, and 1550°C. Fired samples at 1550°C were further evaluated for the hot modulus of rupture study at 1400°C and phase analysis study of the matrix phase. Also, the fired samples were studied for microstructural evaluation.
JUN activation modulates chromatin accessibility to drive TNFα‐induced mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma
Authors: Lv Xuejiao , Li Qian , Liu Hang , Gong Meihan , Zhao Yingying , Hu Jinyang , Wu Fan , Wu Xudong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChromatin dynamics as well as genetic evolution underlies the adaptability of tumour cells to environmental cues. Three subtypes of tumour cells have been identified in glioblastoma, one of the commonest malignant brain tumours in adults. During tumour progression or under therapeutic pressure, the non‐mesenchymal subtypes may progress to the mesenchymal subtype, leading to unfavourable prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms for this transition remain poorly understood. Here taking a TNFα‐induced cellular model, we profile the chromatin accessibility dynamics during mesenchymal transition. Moreover, we identify the JUN family as one of the key driving transcription factors for the gained chromatin accessibility. Accordingly, inhibition of JUN phosphorylation and therefore its transcription activity successfully impedes TNFα‐induced chromatin remodelling and mesenchymal transition. In line with these findings based on experimental models, JUN activity is positively correlated with mesenchymal features in clinical glioblastoma specimens. Together, this study unveils a deregulated transcription regulatory network in glioblastoma progression and hopefully provides a rationale for anti‐glioblastoma therapy.
Primary care access to radiology: Characteristics of trauma patients referred to the emergency department
Authors: Kusters Renske W. J. , Peters Nathalie A. L. R. , van Osch Frits H. M. , Simons Petra C. G. , Hulsbosch Mark H. H. M. , Janzing Heinrich M. J. , Barten Dennis G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesLow‐urgent Emergency Department (ED) attendances are a known contributing factor to ED crowding. In the Netherlands, general practitioners (GPs) have direct access to radiology facilities during office hours. Patients with radiographically confirmed traumatic injuries are subsequently referred to the ED. We analysed these ED trauma patients' characteristics, provided treatments and ED discharge diagnoses to identify the possibility of alternative care pathways.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective observational study of trauma patients referred to the ED by the radiology department during office hours (January 2017–December 2017). Data were obtained from patient records. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the extracted data.ResultsA total of 662 patients were included. The median age was 42 years (range: 1–100, interquartile range (IQR): 15–63) and patients presented to the ED with a median delay of 1 day (range: 0–112 days, IQR: 0–5). Most patients were referred for injuries involving the upper extremities (61.5%) and lower extremities (30%). A total of 48 additional diagnoses were made in the ED. The majority of injuries was classified as ‘minor’ (29.5%) or ‘moderate’ (68.3%) on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The median length of stay in the ED was 65 min (range: 7–297 min, IQR: 43–102).ConclusionMost patients presented with low acuity injuries and often with a notable delay to the ED. This suggests that the majority of these patients do not necessarily need ED treatment, which may provide an opportunity to counter ED crowding.
Out of the classroom, into the home: Medical and dental students' lessons learned from a Geriatrics home visit
Authors: Goldlist Kady , Beltran Christine P. , Rhodes‐Kropf Jennifer , Sullivan Amy M. , Schwartz Andrea Wershof 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHome visits are an important part of Geriatrics education for medical and dental students (MS), and the lessons learned by students from these experiences inform further curriculum development. A mixed methods analysis of students' lessons learned from a single Geriatrics home visit shapes the future focus and impact of similar educational programs to ultimately improve the care of older adults.MethodsOver a 3‐year period at Harvard Medical School, approximately 495 first year MS participated in an educational Geriatrics home visit to learn about the geriatric assessment. Three hundred and forty‐eight students completed voluntary anonymous evaluation forms, rating whether their interest in geriatrics increased after the home visit and describing two lessons learned. We analyzed the student responses and conducted a qualitative content analysis of the lessons learned, identifying major themes within the Geriatrics 5Ms Framework (Mobility, Mind, Medications, Multicomplexity, and Matters Most).ResultsMost students (70.7%) reported their interest in Geriatrics somewhat or greatly increased after the home visit. Three hundred and ten students (89% of participants) reported 605 lessons learned; 174 students' lesson learned related to Multicomplexity (56.1%), and 158 students reported a lesson related to Mobility (51%).DiscussionAfter a Geriatrics home visit, a majority of students report an increase interest in Geriatrics. The most common lessons learned relate to Mobility and Multicomplexity, essential areas of focus in a Geriatrics curriculum. Educational home visits are an important opportunity to increase student interest in geriatrics and build their skills to improve the care of older adults using the Geriatrics 5Ms Framework.
Long‐term follow‐up and predictors of recurrence of Cushing's disease
Authors: Guignat Laurence , Bertherat Jérôme 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranssphenoidal surgery is the first‐line treatment for Cushing's disease to selectively remove the tumor. The rate of postoperative remission is estimated around 70%–80% in expert centers. However, the long‐term remission rate is lower because of recurrence during follow‐up that can be observed in 15% to 25% of the patients depending on the studies and duration of follow‐up. There is no significant predictive factor of recurrence before surgery, but postoperative corticotroph insufficiency and its duration has been found to be a protective factor for recurrence in many studies. The persistence of a positive response to desmopressin after surgery is associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Long term monitoring for recurrence with annual clinical and hormonal investigations after the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis postoperative recovery is advised. The biological tests used for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (24 h‐urinary‐free cortisol [UFC], late‐night salivary or serum cortisol, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test) can be used to screen for recurrence. Several studies report that increased late night cortisol and alterations of dynamic testing can be observed before the increased 24 h‐UFC. For this reason it is suggested that late‐night salivary cortisol would be a very sensitive tool to diagnose recurrence, pending the realization of several assays in case of borderline or discrepant result. This review will summarize the knowledge about recurrence of Cushing's disease after pituitary surgery and the current recommendations for its monitoring and diagnosis.
Ontogenetic characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of Quasipaa spinosa revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Hou J. , Long J. , Xiang J. , Pan W. , Li D. , Liu X. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To analyse the correlation between the intestinal microbiota (IM) and differential development of Quasipaa spinosa across different stages of metamorphosis, we focused on four key developmental periods (15 days post-hatch [dph; Gosner stage, GS23], 60 dph [GS25], 90 dph [GS41] and 150 dph [GS25, GS41, GS42, GS46]) and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that IM diversity in Q. spinosa was related to life history. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the aquatic and terrestrial stages, and IM diversity increased with age. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in tadpoles, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla at the metamorphosis stages. The composition of the IM at different stages and ages varied considerably, but the changes were not substantial among different development stages at 150 dph. This was probably because age has a greater influence than growth factors, and host selective pressure increases with age. This study provides a theoretical reference for subsequent studies on the IM, as well as for the prevention of amphibian endogenous pathogenic microbial diseases.
The influence of psychological safety on feedback conversations in general practice training
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Bearman Margaret , Sheldrake Michelle , Brumpton Kay , O'Shannessy Megan , Dick Marie‐Louise , French Matthew , Noble Christy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionFostering trainee psychological safety is increasingly being recognised as necessary for effective feedback conversations. Emerging literature has explored psychological safety in peer learning, formal feedback and simulation debrief. Yet, the conditions required for psychologically safe feedback conversations in clinical contexts, and the subsequent effects on feedback, have not been explored.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using interviews and longitudinal audio‐diaries with 12 rural general practice trainees. The data were analysed using framework thematic analysis to identify factors across the data and as individual participant case studies with illustrative vignettes of dynamic interleaving of factors in judgements about feedback conversations.FindingsFindings identify the influence of intrapersonal (e.g. confidence and comfort to seek help), interpersonal (e.g. trust and relationship) and sociocultural factors (e.g. living and working in a rural community) that contribute to psychological safety in the context of everyday feedback conversations. Multiple factors interplayed in feedback conversations where registrars could feel safe and unsafe within one location and even at the one time.DiscussionParticipants felt psychologically safe to engage their educators in sanctioned systems of conversation related to the immediate care of the patient and yet unsafe to engage in less patient related performance conversations despite the presence of multiple positive interpersonal factors. The concept of a safe ‘container’ (contained space) is perhaps idealised when it comes to feedback conversations about performance in the informal and emergent spaces of postgraduate training. More research is needed into understanding how clinical environments can sanction feedback conversations in clinical environments.
Theistic Arguments from Horrendous Evils
Authors: Ooi Daryl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile the existence of horrendous evils has generally been taken to be evidence against the existence of God, some philosophers have suggested that it may be evidence for the existence of God. This paper introduces three main kinds of theistic arguments from horrendous evils: the argument from objectively horrifying evils, the pragmatic argument from evil, and an argument from reasonable responses. For each of these arguments, I will first reconstruct a standard version of the argument, before suggesting ways the argument may be challenged, or further developed.
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during landscape fire events and the risk of cardiorespiratory emergency department attendances: a time-series study in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Shirangi Adeleh , Lin Ting , Iva′nova′ Ivana , Yun Grace , Williamson Grant J , Franklin Peter , Jian Le , Burch Rowena , Dewan Ashraf , Santos Bradley , Eaton Nathan , Xiao Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLandscape fires (LFs) are the main source of elevated particulate matter (PM2.5) in Australian cities and towns. This study examined the associations between daily exposure to fine PM2.5during LF events and daily emergency department attendances (EDA) for all causes, respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsDaily PM2.5was estimated using a model that included PM2.5measurements on the previous day, remotely sensed aerosols and fires, hand-drawn tracing of smoke plumes from satellite images, fire danger ratings and the atmosphere venting index. Daily PM2.5was then categorised as high (≥99th percentile), medium (96th–98th percentile) and low (≤95th percentile). Daily EDA for all-cause and cardiorespiratory conditions were obtained from the Western Australian Emergency Department Data Collection. We used population-based cohort time-series multivariate regressions with 95% CIs to assess modelled daily PM2.5and EDA associations from 2015 to 2017. We estimated the lag-specific associations and cumulative risk ratios (RR) at lags of 0–3 days, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, weather and time.ResultsAll-cause EDA and overall cardiovascular presentations increased on all lagged days and up to 5% (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.06) and 7% (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12), respectively, at the high level. High-level exposure was also associated with increased acute lower respiratory tract infections at 1 (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.29) and 3 (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.23) days lags and transient ischaemic attacks at 1 day (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.53) and 2 (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.42) days lag.ConclusionsExposure to PM2.5concentrations duringLFswas associated with an increased risk of all-cause EDA, overall EDA cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory tract infections and transient ischaemic attacks.