bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heliosphere and Local Interstellar Medium from Neutral Atom Observations at Energies Below 10 keV
Authors: Galli André , Baliukin Igor I. , Bzowski Maciej , Izmodenov Vladislav V. , Kornbleuth Marc , Kucharek Harald , Möbius Eberhard , Opher Merav , Reisenfeld Dan , Schwadron Nathan A. , Swaczyna Paweł 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the heliosphere moves through the surrounding interstellar medium, a fraction of the interstellar neutral helium, hydrogen, and heavier species crossing the heliopause make it to the inner heliosphere as neutral atoms with energies ranging from few eV to several hundred eV. In addition, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms originating from solar wind protons and from pick-up ions are created through charge-exchange with interstellar atoms.This review summarizes all observations of heliospheric energetic neutral atoms and interstellar neutrals at energies below 10 keV. Most of these data were acquired with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer launched in 2008. Among many other IBEX breakthroughs, it provided the first ever all-sky maps of energetic neutral atoms from the heliosphere and enabled the science community to measure in-situ interstellar neutral hydrogen, oxygen, and neon for the first time.These observations have revolutionized and keep challenging our understanding of the heliosphere shaped by the combined forces of the local interstellar flow, the local interstellar magnetic field, and the time-dependent solar wind.
Implementing and Sustaining Brief Addiction Medicine Interventions with the Support of a Quality Improvement Blended-eLearning Course: Learner Experiences and Meaningful Outcomes in Kenya
Authors: Clair Veronic , Atkinson Kaitlin , Musau Abednego , Mutiso Victoria , Bosire Edna , Gitonga Isaiah , Small Will , Ndetei David , Frank Erica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuality improvement methods could assist in achieving needed health systems improvements to address mental health and substance use, especially in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Online learning is a promising avenue to deliver quality improvement training. This Computer-based Drug and Alcohol Training Assessment in Kenya (eDATA-K) study assessed users’ experience and outcome of a blended-eLearning quality improvement course and collaborative learning sessions. A theory of change, developed with decision-makers, identified relevant indicators of success. Data, analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, were collected through extensive field observations, the eLearning platform, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The results showed that 22 community health workers and clinicians in five facilities developed competencies enabling them to form quality improvement teams and sustain the new substance-use services for the 8 months of the study, resulting in 4591 people screened, of which 575 received a brief intervention. Factors promoting course completion included personal motivation, prior positive experience with NextGenU.org’s courses, and a certificate. Significant challenges included workload and network issues. The findings support the effectiveness of the blended-eLearning model to assist health workers in sustaining new services, in a supportive environment, even in a LMIC peri-urban and rural settings.
The role of stereotactic radiotherapy in addition to immunotherapy in the management of melanoma brain metastases: results of a systematic review
Authors: Lancellotta Valentina , Del Regno Laura , Di Stefani Alessandro , Fionda Bruno , Marazzi Fabio , Rossi Ernesto , Balducci Mario , Pampena Riccardo , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Mangoni Monica , Lebbe Celeste , Garbe Claus , Longo Caterina , Schinzari Giovanni , Tagliaferri Luca , Peris Ketty 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAim of this study was to systematically review the literature to assess efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in combination with immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma brain metastases (MBM). The literature was searched using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Studies comparing SRT plus immunotherapy versus SRT or immunotherapy alone were deemed eligible for inclusion. Two studies showed improved overall survival after SRT plus immunotherapy in melanoma cancer patients with brain metastases. Three studies reported data on LC and DFS showing as SRT plus immunotherapy did not improve local control and DFS rates. G3-G4 toxicity was reported in only one study (20% in the SRT plus immunotherapy group versus 23% in the immunotherapy group). Despite SRT plus concurrent immunotherapy seems associated with possible survival advantage and low ≥ G3 late toxicity rates, the quality of evidence is very low. Therefore, in patients with brain metastases from melanoma, SRT plus immunotherapy should be evaluated on an individual basis after discussion by a multidisciplinary team.
Learning-based autonomous vascular guidewire navigation without human demonstration in the venous system of a porcine liver
Authors: Karstensen Lennart , Ritter Jacqueline , Hatzl Johannes , Pätz Torben , Langejürgen Jens , Uhl Christian , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The navigation of endovascular guidewires is a dexterous task where physicians and patients can benefit from automation. Machine learning-based controllers are promising to help master this task. However, human-generated training data are scarce and resource-intensive to generate. We investigate if a neural network-based controller trained without human-generated data can learn human-like behaviors.

Methods
We trained and evaluated a neural network-based controller via deep reinforcement learning in a finite element simulation to navigate the venous system of a porcine liver without human-generated data. The behavior is compared to manual expert navigation, and real-world transferability is evaluated.

Results
The controller achieves a success rate of 100% in simulation. The controller applies a wiggling behavior, where the guidewire tip is continuously rotated alternately clockwise and counterclockwise like the human expert applies. In the ex vivo porcine liver, the success rate drops to 30%, because either the wrong branch is probed, or the guidewire becomes entangled.

Conclusion
In this work, we prove that a learning-based controller is capable of learning human-like guidewire navigation behavior without human-generated data, therefore, mitigating the requirement to produce resource-intensive human-generated training data. Limitations are the restriction to one vessel geometry, the neglected safeness of navigation, and the reduced transferability to the real world.
Suicide Risk Assessments: A Scientific and Ethical Critique
Authors: Smith Mike 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are widely held premises that suicide is almost exclusively the result of mental illness and there is “strong evidence for successfully detecting and managing suicidality in healthcare”(Hogan and Grumet, 2016). In this context, ‘zero-suicide’ policies have emerged, andsuicide risk assessmenttools have become a normative component of psychiatric practice. This essay discusses how suicide evolved from a moral to a medical problem and how, in an effort to reduce suicide, a paternalistic healthcare response emerged to predict those at high risk. The evidence for the premises is critiqued and shown to be problematic; and it is found that strongpaternalistic interventions are being used more often than acknowledged. Using a Principles approach, the ethics of overriding autonomy in suicide prevention is considered. Ethical concerns are identified with the current approach which are potentially amplified by the use of these risk assessments. Furthermore, it is identified that the widespread use of risk assessments in health settings is equivalent to screening without regard to the ethical principles of screening. The essay concludes that this is unethical; that we should abandon the use of standardized suicide risk assessments and ‘zero-suicide’ policy; and that this may improve outcomes.
Awareness of sex and gender dimensions among physicians: the European federation of internal medicine assessment of gender differences in Europe (EFIM-IMAGINE) survey
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Marra Alberto M. , Ambrosino Immacolata , Barbagelata Elena , Basili Stefania , de Graaf Jacqueline , Gonzalvez-Gasch Asunción , Kaaja Risto , Karlafti Eleni , Lotan Dor , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Perticone Maria , Politi Cecilia , Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Vilas-Boas Andreia , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine , Gans Emma A. , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Pilote Louise , Proietti Marco , Raparelli Valeria ,   Internal Medicine Assessment of Gender differences IN Europe (IMAGINE) Working group within the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM), Montano Nicola , Pàllson Runòlfur , Korokin Valentin , Corbella Xavier , Sereni Daniel , Gans Rijk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSociocultural gender is a complex construct encompassing different aspects of individuals’ life, whereas sex refers to biological factors. These terms are often misused, although they impact differently on individuals’ health. Recognizing the role of sex and gender on health status is fundamental in the pursuit of a personalized medicine. Aim of the current study was to investigate the awareness in approaching clinical and research questions on the impact of sex and gender on health among European internists. Clinicians affiliated with the European Federation of Internal Medicine from 33 countries participated to the study on a voluntary basis between January 1st, 2018 and July 31st, 2019. Internists’ awareness and knowledge on sex and gender issues in clinical medicine were measured by an online anonymized 7-item survey. A total of 1323 European internists responded to the survey of which 57% were women, mostly young or middle-aged (78%), and practicing in public general medicine services (74.5%). The majority (79%) recognized that sex and gender are not interchangeable terms, though a wide discrepancy exists on what clinicians think sex and gender concepts incorporate. Biological sex and sociocultural gender were recognized as determinants of health mainly in cardiovascular and autoimmune/rheumatic diseases. Up to 80% of respondents acknowledged the low participation of female individuals in trials and more than 60% the lack of sex-specific clinical guidelines. Internists also express the willingness of getting more knowledge on the impact of sex and gender in cerebrovascular/cognitive and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biological sex and sociocultural gender are factors influencing health and disease. Although awareness and knowledge remain suboptimal across European internists, most acknowledge the underrepresentation of female subjects in trials, the lack of sex-specific guidelines and the need of being more informed on sex and gender-based differences in diseases.
Prelog Chow rings and degenerations
Authors: Böhning Christian , von Bothmer Hans-Christian Graf , van Garrel Michel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor a simple normal crossing variety X, we introduce the concepts of prelog Chow ring, saturated prelog Chow group, as well as their counterparts for numerical equivalence. Thinking of X as the central fibre in a (strictly) semistable degeneration, these objects can intuitively be thought of as consisting of cycle classes on X for which some initial obstruction to arise as specializations of cycle classes on the generic fibre is absent. Cycle classes in the generic fibre specialize to their prelog counterparts in the central fibre, thus extending to Chow rings the method of studying smooth varieties via strictly semistable degenerations. After proving basic properties for prelog Chow rings and groups, we explain how they can be used in an envisaged further development of the degeneration method by Voisin et al. to prove stable irrationality of very general fibres of certain families of varieties; this extension would allow for much more singular degenerations, such as toric degenerations as occur in the Gross–Siebert programme, to be usable. We illustrate that by looking at the example of degenerations of elliptic curves, which, although simple, shows that our notion of prelog decomposition of the diagonal can also be used as an obstruction in cases where all components in a degeneration and their mutual intersections are rational. We also compute the saturated prelog Chow group of degenerations of cubic surfaces.
Public Policies for Geodiversity in Brazil
Authors: Kuhn Caiubi Emanuel Souza , Santos Flávia Regina Pereira , de Jesuz Cleberson Ribeiro , de Andrade Kolya André , Augusto Gomes Vieira Reis Fábio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnsuring the legal protection of geosites, or areas that have relevant geodiversity, and obtaining resources for the development of programs and actions in these territories are two of the great challenges in Brazil. This article presents an analysis of Brazilian legislation, seeking to identify the responsible bodies, sources of funds, and how each specific policy can relate to the protection and promotion of geodiversity. In addition, the proposed public policy for geodiversity, geotourism, and geoparks in the state of Mato Grosso is presented and discussed. For this, documentary research of national legislation was carried out, and existing records in the Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso were analyzed for the Thematic Sectorial Chamber to debate the Geopark Project of Chapada dos Guimarães. The information was discussed based on a bibliographic survey with national and international references. The results show that although some geodiversity elements, such as fossils and caves, have specific legislation, there is no articulated national public policy on geodiversity that guarantees the identification, protection, and continuous management of geosites or even structural and financial support for the development of geoparks in Brazil. The creation of policies at the state or national level, aimed at establishing a managing body and permanent sources of funds, can be an important step to enable the development of actions related to the protection and dissemination of geodiversity, linked or not to geopark proposals. At the international level, the creation of a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) convention that establishes clear bases for the dissemination and protection of geodiversity could encourage the development of policies in different countries as an international framework to guide themes.
Whole-body vibration training for inpatient children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for first cancer diagnosis: an exploratory feasibility study
Authors: Oschwald Vanessa , Prokop Aram , Maas Volker , Streckmann Fiona , Bloch Wilhelm , Baumann Freerk T. , Daeggelmann Julia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhole-body vibration (WBV) is a feasible and potentially beneficial exercise strategy for managing neuromuscular impairments like decreased strength or flexibility, mobility limitations and bone health in pediatric cancer survivors. However, as starting rehabilitation as early as possible is recommended to preserve physical function, this study investigated the feasibility of WBV for patients receiving cancer treatment for first cancer diagnosis. Eleven patients (various types of cancer, ages 7–17) participated in the supervised WBV intervention concomitant to acute cancer treatment, which involved chemotherapy. Training was implemented as part of a general exercise program and offered 3 days per week during hospitalization (warm-up, four progressive training exercises comprising 60–120 s, 21–27 Hz, 2 mm peak-to-peak-displacement). Feasibility, which was defined as the absence of WBV-related serious adverse events leading to study dropout, was primarily evaluated. Training documentation was additionally analyzed. As a main result, no serious adverse events leading to study dropout were reported. However, two incidents of bleeding (adverse events) were observed in patients with bleeding tendencies and low platelets (thrombocytes < 30,000/μL). After adjusting the platelet count threshold for WBV participation to 30,000/μL, no further incidents occurred. Moreover, due to WBV-related side effects like physical exhaustion, 11% of all training sessions had to be stopped and another 11% required reductions in the vibration load. Patients participated in 48% of the planned sessions. While main reasons for non-attendance were medical issues (35%), only few WBV sessions were missed, not completed or needed modifications due to motivational issues. Consequently, WBV seems to be feasible for inpatient pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy for first cancer diagnosis, given a sufficiently high platelet count of at least 30,000/μL. Although WBV tolerance and training motivation appear high, patient’s reduced medical condition during hospitalization can negatively impact training progression and attendance. Future research is required to confirm our findings on feasibility and to assess efficiency of WBV training for pediatric cancer patients receiving cancer treatment.
Biological seed treatments promote crop establishment and yield: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Lamichhane Jay Ram , Corrales David Camilo , Soltani Elias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeeds are a vector of genetic progress and, as such, they play a significant role in the sustainability of the agri-food system. The current global seed market is worth USD 60 billion that is expected to reach USD 80 billion by 2025. Seeds are most often treated before their planting with both chemical and biological agents/products to secure good seed quality and high yield by reducing or preventing losses caused by diseases. There is increasing interest in biological seed treatments as alternatives to chemical seed treatments as the latter have several negative human health and environmental impacts. However, no study has yet quantified the effectiveness of biological seed treatments to enhance crop performance and yield. Our meta-analysis encompassing 396 studies worldwide reveals for the first time that biological seed treatments significantly improve seed germination (7±6%), seedling emergence (91±5%), plant biomass (53±5%), disease control (55±1%), and crop yield (21±2%) compared to untreated seeds across contrasted crop groups, target pathogens, climatic regions, and experimental conditions. We conclude that biological seed treatments may represent a sustainable solution to feed the increasing global populations while avoiding negative effects on human health and ensuring environmental sustainability.
Comparison of models for leaf blotch disease management in wheat based on historical yield and weather data in the Nordic-Baltic region
Authors: Andersson Björn , Djurle Annika , Ørum Jens Erik , Jalli Marja , Ronis Antanas , Ficke Andrea , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup 
Published: May 2022

AbstractValidation of models for plant disease management is a crucial part in the development of decision support systems in plant protection. Bespoke field trials are usually conducted to determine the performance of a model under practical conditions. However, field trials are very resource-demanding, and the use of already existing field trial data could significantly reduce costs for model validation. In this study, we took this novel approach to verify the performance of models for determining the need of fungicide applications against leaf blotch diseases in wheat by utilising historical weather data and yield data available from fungicide efficacy field trials. Two models based on humidity factors were used in the study. To estimate how specific humidity settings in the two models affect the number of recommended fungicide treatments per season, historical weather data from a 5-year period from weather stations in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Lithuania was used. The model output shows major differences between seasons and regions, typically recommending between one and three treatments per season. To determine the prediction potential of the models, data on yield gains from either one or two fungicide applications in fungicide efficacy trials conducted in wheat over a 5-year period in the five countries was utilised. The yield responses from fungicide treatments in the efficacy trials varied considerably between years and countries, as did the proportion of predictions of profitable treatments. In general, there was a tendency for the models to overestimate the need to apply fungicides (low specificity), but they rarely failed to recommend an application that was needed (high sensitivity). Despite the importance of having specific trials across regions in order to adjust models to local cropping and weather conditions, our study shows that historical weather data and existing field trial data have the potential to be used in model validation.
Available water capacity from a multidisciplinary and multiscale viewpoint. A review
Authors: Cousin Isabelle , Buis Samuel , Lagacherie Philippe , Doussan Claude , Le Bas Christine , Guérif Martine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil–plant–atmosphere models and certain land surface models usually require information about the ability of soils to store and release water. Thus, a critical soil parameter for such reservoir-like models is the available water capacity (AWC), which is usually recognized as the most influential parameter when modeling water transfer. AWC does not have a single definition despite its wide use by scientists in research models, by regional managers as land-management tools and by farmers as decision-aid tools. Methods used to estimate AWC are also diverse, including laboratory measurements of soil samples, field monitoring, use of pedotransfer functions, and inverse modeling of soil-vegetation models. However, the resulting estimates differ and, depending on the method and scale, may have high uncertainty. Here, we review the many definitions of AWC, as well as soil and soil–plant approaches used to estimate it from local to larger spatial scales. We focus especially on the limits and uncertainties of each method. We demonstrate that in soil science, AWC represents a capacity—the size of the water reservoir that plants can use—whereas in agronomy, it represents an ability—the quantity of water that a plant can withdraw from the soil. We claim that the two approaches should be hybridized to improve the definitions and estimates of AWC. We also recommend future directions: (i) adapt pedotransfer functions to provide information about plants, (ii) integrate newly available information from soil mapping in spatial inverse-modeling applications, and (iii) integrate model-inversion results into methods for digital soil mapping.