bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth experiences of vulnerable clients living in Tasmania
Authors: Van Dam Pieter Jan , Caney Diane , Turner Richard C. , Griffin Phoebe , Dwyer Mitchell , Prior Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the experiences of vulnerable clients who used telehealth during the Coronavirus pandemic.DesignThe study employed a qualitative enquiry, utilising semi‐structured interviews lasting 30‐60 minutes with a thematic analysis approach to explore factors influencing client experience with telehealth.SettingA wide range of locations across Tasmania, Australia.ParticipantsTwelve participants who were considered to be vulnerable on a number of domains, including: health and human wellbeing factors, social risk factors, functional limitations, and individual behavioural factors.InterventionsThe provision of telehealth consultations to vulnerable clients.Main outcome measuresFour global themes were discovered: i) Telehealth saves time, money and energy; ii) User friendly technology facilitates care; iii) Rapport and confidentiality helps clients to feel safe; and iv) Fit for purpose telehealth provides a quality service.ResultsThe discovered themes entailed the major finding that most participants were satisfied with the overall quality of the telehealth service they received and the convenience of this service. Concerns were raised regarding the limitations around social interaction, physical examination, and access to fit‐for‐purpose telehealth devices.ConclusionThis research with vulnerable clients, from Tasmania, supports the evidence that the utilisation of telehealth allows more convenient access to care. To optimise the service, however, concerns regarding the desire for social interaction, appropriate physical examination, and access to fit‐for‐purpose telehealth devices will need to be addressed.
Who do you like? Who will you vote for? Political ideology and person perception in the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Authors: Godbole Maya A. , Flores‐Robles Grace , Malvar Noelle A. , Valian Virginia V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work separately applies two psychology frameworks—the three dimensions along which people are evaluated (competence, morality, and warmth) and individual sociopolitical attitudes (modern sexism [MS], right‐wing authoritarianism [RWA], and social dominance orientation (SDO)—to explore voter evaluations of Donald Trump and Joseph Biden both prior to (Study 1), and in the month following (Study 2), the 2020 U.S. presidential election. At both time points, Democrats and Republicans rated their own party's candidate similarly on the three trait dimensions and overall favorability. They differed, however, in evaluations of the other party's candidate. Republicans viewed Biden more positively both overall and on the trait dimensions than Democrats viewed Trump. Favorability ratings and trait perceptions for one's own party candidate were comparable pre‐ and postelection but were more negative postelection for the opposite party's candidate. RWA predicted favorability toward Trump, above and beyond political affiliation and sociodemographic factors, at both time points in addition to MS preelection and SDO postelection; RWA negatively predicted favorability toward Biden pre‐ but not postelection. Moreover, RWA predicted a vote for Trump versus Biden above and beyond political affiliation, highlighting the importance of considering sociopolitical attitudes in political decision‐making.
Cryodevices developed for minimum volume cooling vitrification of bovine oocytes
Authors: Hochi Shinichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnfertilized bovine oocytes can be efficiently cryopreserved only when an extremely rapid cooling rate (>20,000°C/min) is applied to oocytes with a very limited amount of surrounding vitrification solution. This protocol is defined as minimum volume cooling (MVC) vitrification. Various types of cryodevices, such as open pulled straw, Cryoloop, and Cryotop, have been developed to accelerate the cooling efficacy. Furthermore, hollow fibers with nano‐scale pores, triangle nylon mesh sheets, and multilayer silk fibroin sheets have been optimized for the loading of large quantities of oocytes and/or the subsequent removal of excess vitrification solution, without requiring skillful operation to transfer individual oocytes using fine capillaries. This article provides an up‐to‐date review of cryodevices suitable for the MVC vitrification of bovine oocytes at the immature (germinal vesicle‐) and mature (metaphase II‐) stages.
Successive approximation of horses to their first work on a treadmill: The effect of previous loading into a trailer
Authors: Maśko Małgorzata , Lewczuk Dorota , Szarska Ewa , Domino Małgorzata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA horse learning about the entrance to narrow, cage‐shaped places may be challenging both for the horses as well as for the owners. For some behaviors, such as loading into a trailer or climbing onto a treadmill, the final behavioral goal can be achieved by working towards it in stages. This study compared the successive approximation of horses to their first work on a treadmill with horses hardly ever loaded (HE L) and regularly loaded (R L) into a trailer. Fourteen horses were divided into two groups (HE L n = 7 and R L n = 7) based on their experiences of entering into a trailer. All horses were taught using four stages of successive approximation. The average lead time was longer in the HE L than in the R L group, both in the first (HE L: 33.8 ± 12.4 s; R L: 17.6 ± 12.9 s; p = 0.035) and last stages (HE L: 12.0 ± 10.3 s; R L: 3.7 ± 1.0 s; p = 0.032) of trials. With the subsequent repetitions of each step, the heart rate decreased in both groups. Very few behaviors indicating fear or unwillingness (“rearing,” “sideways,” and “backwards”) were observed. Horses that were regularly loaded exhibited signs of relaxation. The successive approximation of horses to the first work on a treadmill differed and may depend on the previous experiences with loading and travelling in the confined space of a trailer.
The proxy dilemma: Informed consent in paediatric clinical research ‐ a case study of Thailand
Authors: Varadan Sheila , Sirinam Salin , Limkittikul Kriengsak , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInformed consent is an essential requirement for the ethical conduct of research. It is also a necessary requirement for the lawful conduct of research. Informed consent provides a legal basis to enrol human subjects in clinical research. In paediatric research, where children do not generally enjoy a presumption of competence, a legal representative must authorise a child's enrolment. Determining who should act on behalf of the child is a matter of law, rather than ethical principle. But, if national laws are lacking or do not reflect socio‐cultural realities, legal uncertainty can arise, which can have implications for children's enrolment in clinical research. Using Thailand as its case study, this paper contemplates how international legal frameworks, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, could be leveraged to navigate legal uncertainty in the informed consent process, enabling more children to access and participate in paediatric clinical research.
Electrophysiological hallmarks of location‐based and object‐based visual multiple objects tracking
Authors: Merkel Christian , Hopf Jens‐Max , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConverging evidence shows that our visual system can track multiple visual, independently moving items over time. This is accomplished location‐based by maintaining the individual spatial information of each target item or object‐based by constructing an abstract object‐based representation out of the tracked items. Previous work showed specific behavioural, electrophysiological and haemodynamic markers for location‐based or object‐based representations of the relevant targets by probing the encoded information subsequently after tracking. However, domain‐specific differences of representational correlates during visual tracking itself have not been reported yet. The current study aims to identify spectral properties of the electrophysiological signal during tracking that might indicate location‐based versus object‐based maintenance of visual information. Subjects had to covertly track four out of eight visually identical items for several seconds while electrophysiological signals were recorded. Subsequently, a probe consisting of four items appeared and the subjects had to indicate with a button press whether the probe matched all targets or not. Subjects employing an object‐based strategy showed an enhanced gamma response during the presentation of the target items at the beginning of the trial. On the other hand, subjects using a location‐based strategy showed enhanced gamma synchronization throughout the tracking itself. Both the object‐ and location‐based gamma responses yielded identical spatial topographical field distributions. These results indicate that object‐based tracking is supported by enhanced encoding during the initial presentation of the targets to be tracked. Location‐based tracking is characterized by the sustained maintenance of the individual targets during the entire tracking period in that same processing network.
LncRNA NONRATT009773.2 promotes bone cancer pain progression through the miR‐708‐5p/CXCL13 axis
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lu Cui'e , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Lin , Chen Jia , Ji Fuhai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBone cancer pain (BCP) is the most frequently observed chronic cancer pain, and its development remains largely unexplored. Dysregulation of non‐coding RNAs greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of BCP. In the present study, we found a new long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), NONRATT009773.2, and investigated its role in the spinal cord of BCP rats. Our results showed that NONRATT009773.2 was significantly up‐regulated in BCP model rats, whereas depletion of NONRATT009773.2 attenuated BCP. In contrast, overexpression of NONRATT009773.2 triggered pain‐like symptoms in normal animals. Moreover, NONRATT009773.2 functioned as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge to absorb miR‐708‐5p and up‐regulated miRNA downstream target CXCL13, which plays fundamental roles in the initiation and maintenance of neuroinflammation and hyperalgesia. Collectively, our current findings indicated that NONRATT009773.2 could be employed as a new therapeutic target for BCP.
Repeatability of alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins: Effects of colony, approach speed, and weather
Authors: Hammer Tracey L. , Bize Pierre , Saraux Claire , Gineste Benoit , Robin Jean‐Patrice , Groscolas René , Viblanc Vincent A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) are popular measures used to explore the reaction of prey to approaching predators, and thus the economics underlying optimal escape strategies. AD likely mirrors the effort invested into vigilance, while FID provides an estimate of the perceived risk of an approaching threat. Although individual variation in AD and FID is influenced by environmental factors such as variation in predation pressure and human disturbance, the repeatabilities of these traits (especially AD), and therefore their designation as personality traits, remain under‐investigated. Here, we studied the repeatability of AD, FID, and the decision to flee in a flightless, ground‐breeding seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). A single experimenter approached three times over three consecutive days 47 incubating king penguins from two different colonies with varying human disturbance levels. We explored the effects of weather, time of day, and approach speed of the experimenter on these behaviors. Weather had an effect on all three behaviors. In warm, sunny weather AD increased. In rainy, windy weather birds were more likely to flee, but waited longer before initiating flight. Faster approach speeds between AD and FID increased FID. Weather conditions and speed of approach affected repeatability estimates, highlighting the need to consider external sources of variation when refining such estimates. FID and the decision to flee were significantly and moderately repeatable (r = 0.26 and 0.57, respectively), while AD was not. There was no evidence of behavioral habituation or sensitization in either colony.
One hundred‐seventy years of stressors erode salmon fishery climate resilience in California’s warming landscape
Authors: Munsch Stuart H. , Greene Correigh M. , Mantua Nathan J. , Satterthwaite William H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeople seek reliable natural resources despite climate change. Diverse habitats and biologies stabilize productivity against disturbances like climate, prompting arguments to promote climate‐resilient resources by prioritizing complex, less‐modified ecosystems. These arguments hinge on the hypothesis that simplifying and degrading ecosystems will reduce resources’ climate resilience, a process liable to be cryptically evolving across landscapes and human generations, but rarely documented. Here, we examined the industrial era (post 1848) of California's Central Valley, chronicling the decline of a diversified, functional portfolio of salmon habitats and life histories and investigating for empirical evidence of lost climate resilience in its fishery. Present perspectives indicate that California's dynamic, warming climate overlaid onto its truncated, degraded habitat mosaic severely constrains its salmon fishery. We indeed found substantial climate constraints on today's fishery, but this reflected a shifted ecological baseline. During the early stages of a stressor legacy that transformed the landscape and ‐‐ often consequently ‐‐ compressed salmon life history expression, the fishery diffused impacts of dry years across a greater number of fishing years and depended less on cool spring‐summer transitions. The latter are important given today's salmon habitats, salmon life histories, and resource management practices, but are vanishing with climate change while year‐to‐year variation in fishery performance is rising. These findings give empirical weight to the idea that human legacies influence ecosystems’ climate resilience across landscapes and boundaries (e.g., land/sea). They also raise the question of whether some contemporary climate effects are recent and attributable not only to increasing climate stress, but to past and present human actions that erode resilience. In general, it is thus worth considering that management approaches that prioritize complex, less‐modified ecosystems may stabilize productivity despite increasing climate stress and such protective actions may be required for some ecological services to persist into uncertain climate futures.
Weight‐based cybervictimization: Implications for adolescent health
Authors: Lessard Leah M. , Puhl Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundDespite the ubiquity of cybervictimization among youth, attention to weight‐based cybervictimization is scarce.AimsThis study assessed the prevalence of electronic forms of weight‐based peer victimization (i.e., cybervictimization) and its associations with adolescent health, as indicated by somatic symptoms, stress, depression, and sleep trouble.Materials & MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted online with a community sample of 452 adolescents aged 11–17 years old (Mage = 14.91 years).ResultsThirty‐three percent of adolescents reported at least one experience of weight‐based cybervictimization, with elevated rates among those with overweight (45%) and obesity (60%). Weight‐based cybervictimization was associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms (β = 0.24; p < 0.001), stress (β = 0.22; p < 0.001), depression (β = 0.27; p < 0.001), and sleep trouble (β = 0.20; p < 0.001); these associations were consistent across adolescent weight status.Discussion and ConclusionFindings suggest that the health implications of weight‐based victimization extend to the electronic context, and underscore the importance of addressing weight‐based cybervictimization in antibullying initiatives to support healthy adolescent well‐being.
Effectiveness of telemedicine psychoeducational interventions for adults with non‐oncological chronic disease: A systematic review
Authors: Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Carmen , Gil‐García Eugenia , Rivera‐Sequeiros Adriana , López‐Millán José M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine psychoeducational interventions (PIs) in adult patients on the clinical management of chronic non‐oncological diseases compared with another therapeutic option or no treatment.DesignSystematic review of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesSix databases were searched between January 2011 and August 2021.Review methodsA systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. A third arbiter was available if discrepancies.ResultsA total of 719 articles were reviewed and 17 studies met the inclusion and quality criteria. The included studies related to smoking, chronic pain, obesity and mental illness. Most interventions were based on cognitive behavioural theory. Most of the included studies (12/17, 70.5%) showed improvements in health and significant reductions in anxiety, pain and depression with variable effect sizes. Patients reported a high satisfaction rate and indicated lectures or self‐report writings as helpful in their recovery compared with more interactive items. Only financial incentives demonstrated greater adherence. A specific intervention format or complementary professional support was not associated with health outcomes.ConclusionsTelemedicine PIs are a safe and effective option for the clinical management of adults with chronic diseases. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the impact of these interventions on chronic physical and mental disease, evaluating the quality of life, morbidity and mortality.ImpactThe results reinforce the telemedicine PIs with effects on clinical management similar to those of the face‐to‐face modality and can be carried out in a safe environment for patients at a lower cost to the health system. These conditions make them suitable for comprehensive care in the epidemiological COVID‐19 context with the highest safety conditions for the patients and professionals.
Kin recognition by cannibals is modulated by hunger level in a generalist predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Zhang Keshi , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCannibalism is a commonly found behaviour in the animal kingdom. The biggest concern of cannibalism is that it reduces the inclusive fitness of the cannibals by eliminating close relatives. Kin recognition is a strategy used by many cannibals to benefit from cannibalism without the cost of reducing their inclusive fitness by eating close relatives. Most members of the family Phytoseiidae are cannibalistic. Previous studies suggest that specialist phytoseiids practice kin recognition, while generalists use species recognition or discrimination due to the diet specification and frequent intraspecific interactions. We examined whether kin recognition is used by a type‐III generalist phytoseiid, Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The cannibalistic adults with different hunger levels (0‐, 24‐ and 48‐hr starvation) were given a choice of kin and a non‐kin larva. Kin recognition of A. herbicolus was affected by the hunger level. Adults not starved before the test significantly preferred cannibalizing non‐kin larva. Conversely, adults starved for 24 and 48 hr showed no statistically significant preference between kin and non‐kin larvae. Furthermore, the latency reflected hunger level, where not starved adults had the most prolonged latency, while adults starved for 24 and 48 hr had intermediate and shortest latency. This study suggests A. herbicolus use innate recognition mechanisms to avoid kin cannibalism since the adults and larvae had no prior association before the experiment. The effect of familiarization on kin recognition in A. herbicolus should be further investigated.
Digital and microscopic tools for ultimate esthetics and precision
Authors: Mykhaylyuk Nazariy , Mykhaylyuk Bogdan , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis clinical report describes and illustrates step‐by‐step protocols for interdisciplinary esthetic treatment with current digital and microscopic tools.Clinical ConsiderationsDigital dentistry is no longer limited to impression making and restoration fabrication but starts already in the diagnostic and treatment planning phase. In particular, digital smile design tools have significantly improved clinical and laboratory workflows, allowing for natural and facially driven smiles, based on the patient's specific needs and preferences. Digital technologies also facilitate high precision and accuracy in the laboratory, which are interconnected with the quality of the clinical care. Precision and minimally invasive dentistry require visual magnification aids through high‐power loupes or, even better, surgical microscopes. For optimal clinical success, however, these tools must be integrated into efficient workflows and made part of a comprehensive clinical and laboratory concept.ConclusionsDigital and high‐magnification tools in clinics and dental laboratories facilitate highly esthetic and precise outcomes when integrated into a comprehensive treatment concept.Clinical SignificanceWhile a plethora of new tools and technologies is available for the dental laboratory and clinical practice, they can be daunting. Clear step‐by‐step workflows and protocols must be followed to apply them in a most efficient and effective manner for optimal outcomes.
The effect of contemporary finishing and polishing systems on the surface roughness of bulk fill resin composite and nanocomposites
Authors: Gömleksiz Seda , Gömleksiz Oğuzhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of various finishing and polishing (F/P) systems regarding the surface roughness (Ra) value of two nanocomposites and a bulk fill resin composite.Methods and MaterialsThree resin composites (Filtek Z550, Filtek Ultimate Body, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior) were tested. Forty disk‐shaped specimens of each material were cured under Mylar strip and then randomly divided into four subgroups according to the F/P method (n = 10): Control, Sof‐Lex Spiral Wheels, Astropol, and Clearfil Twist Dia. Ra values was measured and the surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed by generalized linear models (p < 0.05).ResultsThe Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior had the highest Ra value while Filtek Ultimate Body was the resin composite with the lowest roughness (p < 0.05). Considering the average Ra values after polishing, while the lowest Ra in all groups was obtained with the control group, the Clearfil Twist Dia showed similar Ra to the control group (p > 0.05). The samples polished with Sof‐Lex Spiral Wheels had the highest Ra (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn addition to the resin composite type, the F/P technique greatly affected the Ra value of resin composite. The nanocomposites exhibited with the lowest Ra compared to the bulk fill resin composite after F/P. It was observed that the diamond containing‐polishing system created smoother surfaces than the aluminum oxide containing‐ and silicon carbide containing‐polishing systems.Clinical SignificanceIn terms of Ra, the nanocomposites exhibited better performance than the bulk fill resin composites. Nowadays, newly developed polishing systems containing diamonds can be successful at a comparable level to existing polishing systems. For this reason, these systems are preferable for polishing both nanocomposites and bulk fill resin composites.