bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal interventions and the development of childhood obesity
Authors: Fortin‐Miller Sara , Plonka Brendel , Gibbs Heather , Christifano Danielle , Hull Holly 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundExcess maternal adiposity during pregnancy has lasting effects on child outcomes including increased risk of overweight/obesity, which drives disease development. Prenatal interventions are a potential avenue to curb childhood obesity rates, but little is known on their long‐term influence on offspring adiposity.ObjectiveReview the evidence for lasting effects of prenatal interventions on child adiposity.MethodsThree databases were searched for follow‐up studies of completed prenatal RCTs that involved a diet, exercise, or combined (diet and exercise) intervention, and assessed offspring adiposity‐related outcomes beyond birth.ResultsA total of 18 follow‐up studies describing 4277 offspring were included. Anthropometrics were collected in all studies while body composition was measured in 15 of the studies. Diet or exercise interventions did not have a consistent significant effect on child adiposity. Three combined interventions resulted in lower levels of child adiposity at 3, 6, and 12 months.ConclusionsNo strong association was found between prenatal diet, exercise, or combined interventions and child adiposity. Data are limited due to 63.6% overall retention rate for the follow‐up studies and heterogeneity of intervention approach and child adiposity measures. Findings suggest combined interventions initiated early in pregnancy may decrease offspring adiposity in the first year of life.
Does apple replant disease affect the soil patch selection behaviour and population growth of Collembolans?
Authors: Wadu Thanthri Nilupuli Thushangi , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractApple replant disease (ARD) is common to all major apple‐growing regions in the world. It occurs when new apple trees are replanted on sites where previously the same or closely related crop species were grown. Biotic (fungi, bacteria and nematodes) and abiotic soil factors (poor soil structure, nutrition) contribute to the development and severity of ARD. However, the aetiology of ARD and effects on higher trophic levels are still unknown. In that sense, Collembola might play an important role, since they are one of the dominant mesofauna groups in many soils. They act as decomposer, fungivores and predators, representing different trophic levels in soil food webs. Therefore, any effect of ARD on the occurrence of Collembola could have ecological impacts on the soil quality and health. Here, we examined the colonization behaviour of two Collembolan species,Folsomia candidaandSinella curviseta, in choice tests and population growth tests using Apple Replant Diseased soil (ARD) and non‐ARD soil samples from different field sites and standardized laboratory bioassays. Additionally, Collembola behaviour was quantified by continuous video observations to investigate short‐term behavioural changes. Results showed that both Collembolan species significantly preferred colonization of the non‐ARD soils compared with ARD soils, independent of the origin of the soil samples or specific disinfection treatments. Moreover, the detailed video analysis of the foraging behaviour indicates rapid colonization of soil samples and low dispersal rates. Most likely, volatile compounds and to a lesser extent feeding stimulants play a vital role for the colonization process for both Collembolan species. Finally, results showed negative effects of ARD on population growth of both Collembolan species already after an 8‐week period, implying strong nutritional deficiencies in ARD affected soils. The hypothesis that ARD causing microorganisms directly affected orientation, colonization and population development of Collembola is discussed.
Bio‐ethical issues in oncology during the first wave of the COVID‐19 epidemic: A qualitative study in a French hospital
Authors: Stoeklé Henri‐Corto , Ladrat Laure , Landrin Terence , Beuzeboc Philippe , Hervé Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUsing a specific bioethical theory (=global bioethics) and method (=a posteriori), we try here to identify and evaluate the bio‐ethical issues raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and possible solutions, to improve the management of cancer patients at the hospital in future pandemics, before the emergence of vaccines or scientifically validated treatments.Materials & MethodsOur work is based primarily on the clinical experience of three oncologists from the oncology department of Foch Hospital in France, who were on the frontline during the first wave of the epidemic. We compared their perceptions with published findings, to complete or nuance their views.ResultsThree bio‐ethical issues were identified, and possible solutions to these problems were evaluated: (1) scientific evidence versus lack of time → the creation of emergency multidisciplinary team meetings (MTM); (2) healthcare equality versus lack of resources → the development of telemedicine; (3) individual liberties versus risk of contamination → role of cancer patients' associations, psychologists and bioethicists.ConclusionWe consider the creation of an emergency MTM, in particular, in addition to a true ethics committee with real competence in bioethics, to be a first solution that would be easy to implement in hospitals in many countries.
Nonlinear Employment Effects of Tax Policy
Authors: FERRARO DOMENICO , FIORI GIUSEPPE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the nonlinear propagation mechanism of tax policy in a heterogeneous‐agent equilibrium business cycle model with search frictions in the labor market and an extensive margin of employment adjustment. The model exhibits endogenous job destruction and endogenous hiring standards in the form of occasionally‐binding zero‐surplus constraints. After parameterizing the model using U.S. data, we find that the dynamic response of employment to a temporary change in the labor income tax is highly nonlinear, displaying sizable asymmetries and state dependence. Notably, the response to a tax rate cut is at least twice as large in a recession as in an expansion.
Suspected spontaneous early hemorrhagic transformation of multiple ischemic strokes secondary to primary splenic torsion in a German Shepherd dog
Authors: Van Caenegem Nicolas , Troupel Thibaut , Mortier Jeremy , Thibaud Jean‐Laurent , Blot Stéphane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 3‐year‐old female German Shepherd dog was presented with generalized tonic‐clonic epileptic seizures, right‐sided central vestibular syndrome, and right trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Acute lacunar ischemic strokes within both thalami, right side of the mesencephalon, left side of the myelencephalon, both sides of the cervical spinal cord, and acute hemorrhagic strokes within the rostral part of the right cerebellar hemisphere and right rostral colliculus were identified on magnetic resonance imaging. Additional evaluation identified multiple renal infarcts and complete splenic torsion, with entrapment of the left pancreatic lobe. Medical management, splenectomy, partial pancreatectomy, and intensive physical rehabilitation led to clinical improvement. The histology of the spleen was consistent with hemorrhagic infarction. Three months after onset, neurological examination identified only mild vestibular sequelae. The final diagnosis was multiple ischemic strokes secondary to primary splenic torsion. Spontaneous early hemorrhagic transformation, a well‐known condition in human medicine, also was found in this case.
Interventricular septum angle obtained from cardiac computed tomography for origin differentiation of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia between left and right
Authors: Zhu Xiaomei , Chen Shumin , Ma Kefan , Chen Zenghong , Chen Chun , Jiang Zhixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsOur objective was to explore whether the accuracy of the transitional zone index (TZI) for outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OT‐VAs) origin is affected by cardiac rotation and the additive value of interventricular septum angle (IVSa) obtained from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsStandard 12‐lead ECGs of OT‐VAs with inferior axis in consecutive patients undergoing both CCTA examination and successful ablation were retrospectively analyzed. The IVSa was defined as an angle between the long axis of IVS and sagittal axis of the body from CCTA.Results64 patients (31 men; mean age 54.2 ± 11.6 years) were enrolled. The OT‐VAs exhibited right ventricular outflow tract origin in 46 (71.9%) patients and 36 (78.3%) were diagnosed correctly by TZI. The left ventricular outflow tract origin OT‐VAs was observed in 18 (28.1%) patients and 16 (88.9%) were diagnosed correctly by TZI. The patients were then divided into TZI correct group (n = 52) and TZI incorrect group (n = 12). In the TZI incorrect group, 11/12 (91.7%) cases were R/S transition in lead V3 with the TZ score during premature ventricular contractions [2.8(2.5−3.4)], and the TZI between −1.5 and 0. The IVSa was significantly larger in the TZI incorrect group than correct group (52.0 ± 6.9° vs. 39.0 ± 6.1°; p < .0001). The IVSa ≥46° predicted TZI incorrect with 92% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 94% accuracy.ConclusionThe IVSa is a novel cardiac rotation index that reliably improves TZI to differentiate the OT‐VAs origin, especially for the OT‐VAs with lead V3 R/S transition.
Levobupivacaine plasma concentrations following repeat caudal anesthetics
Authors: Frawley Geoff , Cortinez Luis Ignacio , Anderson Brian J. , Bjorksten Andrew , King Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimA single caudal anesthetic at the start of lower abdominal surgery is unlikely to provide prolonged analgesia. A second caudal at the end of the procedure extends the analgesia duration but total plasma concentrations may be associated with toxicity. Our aim was to measure total plasma levobupivacaine concentrations after repeat caudal anesthesia in infants and to generate a pharmacokinetic model for prediction of plasma concentrations after repeat caudal anesthesia in neonates, infants and children.MethodsInfants undergoing definitive repair of anorectal malformations or Hirschsprung's disease received a second caudal anesthesia at the end of the procedure. Total levobupivacaine concentrations were assayed 3–4 times in the first 6 h after the initial caudal. These data were pooled with data from four studies describing plasma concentrations after levobupivacaine caudal or spinal anesthesia. Population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Covariates included postmenstrual age and body weight. Parameter estimates were used to simulate concentrations after a repeat levobupivacaine 2.5 mg kg−1 caudal at 3 or 4 h following an initial levobupivacaine 2.5 mg kg−1 caudal.ResultsTwenty‐one infants (postnatal age 11–32 weeks, gestation 37–39 weeks, weight 5.2–8.6 kg) were included. The measured peak plasma concentration after repeat caudal levobupivacaine 2.5 mg kg−1 4 h after initial caudal was 1.38 mg L−1 (95% prediction interval 0.60–2.6 mg L−1) and 3 h after initial caudal was 1.46 mg L−1 (0.60–2.80) mg L−1. Simulation of total plasma concentrations in neonates (7 kg, 57 weeks postmenstrual age) given caudal levobupivacaine 4 h after the initial caudal were 1.76 mg L−1 (0.68–3.50) mg L−1 if 2.5 mg kg−1 levobupivacaine was used and 0.88 mg L−1 (0.34–1.73) mg L−1 if 1.25 mg kg−1 of 0.125% levobupivacaine was used. In simulated older children (20 kg, 6 years), the mean maximum concentration was 1.43 mg L−1 (0.60–2.70) mg L−1 if 2.5 mg kg−1 levobupivacaine was repeated at 3 h.ConclusionRepeat caudal levobupivacaine 2.5 mg kg−1 at 3 h after an initial 2.5 mg kg−1 dose does not exceed the concentration associated with systemic local anesthetic toxicity. In 2.5% of simulated neonates (weight 3.8 kg, PMA 40 weeks), repeat caudal anesthesia demonstrates broaching of the lower concentration limit associated with toxicity at both 3 and 4 h after initial caudal.
Storage-Coupled Nuclear Combined Cycle
Authors: Conlon William M. , Forsberg Charles W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new design paradigm for nuclear power plants is needed to complement the increasing adoption of low marginal cost variable renewable energy resources. The situation is reflected in the wholesale electricity price–duration curve with four distinct economic opportunities: (a) a hundred or so hours per year of high-value peaking power; (b) about 4000–5000 h of moderate electric prices; (c) about 2000 h per year when renewables set the marginal price at or near zero; and (d) about 1000 h of flexible ramping between the b and c regions. The current approach to the low-carbon energy transition reduces the need for baseload power and requires curtailment of conventional, nuclear, and even renewable generation, decreasing their capacity factors and increasing their fixed charges for electricity generation. Flexible low-carbon dispatchable power plants capable of daily cycling along with storage and time shifting of low-cost nondispatchable renewable power will be needed. Although nuclear power plants have demonstrated load-following capability, cycling can be limited by reactor kinetics (xenon poisoning) as well as by thermal stresses and fatigue considerations in the steam cycle. Storage of nuclear heat is hampered by the relatively low operating temperatures of existing nuclear reactors (but not advanced reactors) that lowers thermal to electric conversion efficiency, which in turn increases the required quantity of storage medium and the cost of storage. The quantity of storage medium can be reduced by integration of thermal energy storage with high-grade heat as in the liquid salt combined cycle (LSCC). The LSCC uses high-temperature gas turbine exhaust heat to increase the electricity output per unit of storage medium, uses the stored energy to add operating flexibility to a bottoming steam cycle, and substantially reduces the fuel heat rate. The low fuel heat rate improves economic competitiveness compared to alternative gas turbine-based power plants, especially when burning expensive fuels such as hydrogen. LSCC could be coupled to a nuclear power plant for time shifting both nuclear and renewable electricity and could support high utilization of a co-located hydrogen electrolysis plant. Further cost reduction could be achieved by using solid media for thermal energy storage, with the liquid salt used as a heat transfer medium.
Supplemental Material: Topographic development of a compressional mountain range, the western Transverse Ranges of California, USA, resulted from localized uplift along individual structures and regional uplift from deeper shortening
Authors: Onderdonk N. , al. et 
Published: September 2022

<p>Contains PDF and radial plots of luminescence data (Item A), log-log plots of cumulative incision vs age for fluvial terraces (Item B), and profiles of terrace surfaces displaced by faults (Item C)</p>
Complications with hot, cold and altitude environments in disaster management
Authors: Bainbridge Abigail , Wolfe A , Hartley M 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDisaster management is the process of preparing, responding and recovering to an emergency whether that be natural or man-made. It is a time-consuming, resource-heavy process with the aim of reducing the risk of certain events and, where not possible, reducing the impact of said disaster, ensuring that the risks have been identified and appropriate rescue and recovery plan is in place.MethodsWe carried out a thorough literature search on the complications of hot, cold and altitude environments in disaster management and distilled the learnings into this article.ResultsThe incidence of disasters of natural, man-made and complex origin is likely to continue increasing as global temperatures continue to rise.ConclusionDisaster management in the extreme environments of hot, cold and high altitude is fraught with unique challenges, especially around the physiological response of rescuers, resource constraints and logistics. Recognising these challenges is an important aspect of planning and preparation for disaster management in these environments.
Predicting nonlinear dynamics of short-lived penaeid shrimp species in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Han , Munch Stephan B. , Masi Michelle D. , Pollack Adam G. 
Published: September 2022

Predicting the dynamics of harvested species is essential for assessing stock status and establishing index-based management strategies. However, conventional approaches for short-lived species predict dynamics poorly, possibly because unobserved interactions with other species and abiotic factors are often treated as noise. Alternatively, the empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) approach, which uses the time delays of the observed states to compensate for unobserved interactions, may improve the predictions for short-lived species. We test this idea using time series data of two federally managed, short-lived penaeid shrimp species, whose abundances were surveyed over 30 years (1987–2018) across the US Gulf of Mexico. We show that ( i) abundance dynamics of these annual shrimp stocks are well-predicted by EDM, ( ii) the dynamics are spatially similar across most of the gulf, and ( iii) the stock dynamics are characterized by nonlinear density-dependent interaction and vary with temperature. Our findings suggest that EDM may be more responsive than single-species, catch-at-age models in assessing the stock dynamics for short-lived penaeid shrimp species.
An open-source tool for the calculation of field deliverability and cushion-gas requirements in volumetric gas-reservoir storage sites
Authors: Scafidi Jonathan , Schirrer Laurent , Vervoort Isabelle , Heinemann Niklas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Regional estimates of hydrogen storage capacities in porous rocks currently rely on uncertain assumptions of cushion-gas requirements. This paper describes an open-source tool developed in Python that estimates the cushion- and working-gas capacities, and calculates flow rates and energy flows from volumetric gas reservoirs using basic reservoir data. The tool is validated against data from four real fields: Cousland (UK), Grijpskerk (The Netherlands), Hatfield Moors (UK) and Rough (UK). The results show that the cushion-gas requirement is dependent on several factors including the number of wells and the well diameter, and the plateau rate. A very basic economics model also indicates that drilling more wells could result in lower total costs.
Intelligent Recognition System of Sports Athletes’ Wrong Actions Based on AI+IoT
Authors: Zhang Jie , Du Xiru , Bi Ran 
Published: September 2022

How to effectively identify errors in athletes’ movements, and then achieve the goal of correcting or eliminating them, is a problem that the sports world is currently trying to solve. Sports field is a field where sensor-based human movement recognition can play a role. Obtaining human body data through sensors can provide data basis for research on the characteristics of human movement, improvement of sports level, and technical movement analysis of sports. The main research direction of this paper is the AI+IoT joint recognition of human movements. The target human movements involved include standing, walking, running, shooting, jump shot, jumping, dribbling, walking dribbling, and running dribbling. Computer vision, as a branch of the artificial intelligence research field, uses computers to simulate human visual cognitive ability, excavate useful information from digitized images or videos without manual intervention, and strive to achieve human understanding of visual signals, and realize the ability to understand visual signals from a low level. Conversion of data input to high-level knowledge output. The system scoring module is the core functional module of the system. It extracts the angle feature of the trainer’s skeleton data, finds the corresponding frame to correspond, and prompts the trainer’s current standard degree of movement in the form of score. In terms of judgment accuracy, the accuracy of all subjects after watching the complete video is higher than the accuracy of the time blocking point, with extremely significant differences,

r

= -10.80, df =52,

p
<
0.001

. This research improves the universality of target detection and extraction in the real natural environment of the machine vision system and improves the complexity and robustness of human action recognition.
A Proposed Design Method for Sparse Array Antenna by Using the Spacing Coefficient Algorithm
Authors: Sandi Efri , Diamah Aodah , Yuliatmojo Pitoyo , Maruddani Baso 
Published: September 2022

One of the major challenges in developing various practical communication systems is reducing device complexity and development costs. In this study, a linear sparse array antenna design problem is addressed and a new approach for density taper element spacing by using the spacing coefficient algorithm is proposed. This method is a mathematical approach to obtain the distance between array elements by developing a spacing coefficient

d

n

for each element to achieve radiation performances with a minimum number of antenna elements. The simulation and measurement results show a significant improvement in array performance compared to other sparse array design methods, such as the CDS sparse array method in our previous work.