bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neonicotinoid pesticide alters how nectar chemistry affects bees
Authors: Richman Sarah K. , Maalouf Isabelle M. , Smilanich Angela M. , Marquez Sanchez Denyse , Miller Sharron Z. , Leonard Anne S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Neonicotinoid pesticides in the nectar and pollen of managed crops and wildflowers contribute to the global declines of bees. These chemicals can have detrimental effects on bees' physiology, behaviour and reproduction. Floral nectar also contains secondary chemistry with its own effects on bee health. How nectar secondary chemistry may act additively or synergistically with neonicotinoids is unknown.

Here, we asked how an acute exposure to a common neonicotinoid, imidacloprid (IMD) affected the longevity, immune function and behaviour of bumble bee Bombus impatiens workers maintained on diets enriched with one of three nectar secondary metabolites (NSMs; the alkaloid caffeine, the terpenoid thymol or the cardiac glycoside digoxin). A factorial design allowed us to assess the potential for additive and interactive effects of each NSM and IMD combination on multiple health outcomes.

Without IMD exposure, different dietary NSMs each had positive effects on life span (caffeine), immune function (digoxin) and activity levels (caffeine, thymol), although these came with trade‐offs. A single sublethal IMD exposure overshadowed these NSM effects, and in two cases, an NSM‐enriched diet magnified the negative effects of pesticide exposure.

In summary, we show that even a single acute exposure to a pesticide has the potential to reshape interactions between pollinators and plants mediated by nectar secondary chemistry.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Small Actions Can Make a Big Difference: Voluntary Employee Green Behaviour at Work and Affective Commitment to the Organization
Authors: Ren Shuang , Tang Guiyao , Zhang Shujie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the workplace, discretionary pro‐environmental actions made by employees are referred to as voluntary employee green behaviour (VEGB). This is increasingly recognised as a contribution to both the environmental and the financial sustainability of the organisation. However, the implications of VEGB beyond its original environmental domain largely remain underspecified, thus constraining the theoretical development of the field and advocacy for organisations in practice. This study thus investigates how VEGB associates with the employee outcome of affective commitment, which especially impacts the psychological relationships that employees develop with their organisations. Drawing on two studies, we found that VEGB was positively associated with affective commitment, as enabled by three mediating mechanisms that enhanced the sense of warm glow and moral credit for employees while protecting them against emotional exhaustion. Moreover, we found that perceived organisational support for the environment served as a boundary condition for VEGB and its mediation by moral credit and emotional exhaustion. Implications for theory and practice are discussed in the paper.
The Degenerative Tendencies of Long‐Serving Governments…1963…1996…2009…the Conservatives in 2022?
Authors: Roe‐Crines Andrew S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIs Boris Johnson's government suffering from the degenerative tendencies of long‐serving government as identified by Timothy Heppell? For his 2008 study, Heppell identified five symptoms of governing degeneration, namely: governing competence; leadership credibility; ideological division; abuses of power; and a renewed opposition/sense that it is time for a change. This approach was tested by Heppell on the longstanding Conservative administrations of 1951–64 and 1979–97, and the Labour administration between 1997 and (at the time of original publication) 2008. Thus, my hypothesis asks whether the similarly long‐serving Conservative government from 2010 to‐date might be exhibiting signs of similar governing degeneration on each of Heppell's criteria. I ask whether the Conservatives under Boris Johnson appear to lack the clear direction of travel and purpose that characterised the final period of the Macmillan/Home, Major, and Brown premierships. Whilst it is by no means the aim of this article to produce an electoral prediction, there is evidence to suggest the current Conservative administration has met the level of governing degeneration that affected the last years of the longstanding administrations evaluated by Heppell.
Arachnoiditis ossificans associated with syringomyelia in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Chung Pui‐man , Chan Allan Ngo‐lun , Po Yin‐chung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of arachnoiditis ossificans with syringomyelia in a 58‐year‐old man with mixed connective tissue disease and history of tuberculous meningitis in childhood, presenting with progressive spastic paraplegia and double incontinence.
Octopaminergic neurons function in appetitive but not aversive olfactory learning and memory in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Yu Jin‐Xin , Xiang Qian , Qu Jia‐Bao , Hui Yan‐Min , Lin Tao , Zeng Xin‐Nian , Liu Jia‐Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biogenic amine octopamine (OA, invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline) plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior. Historically, OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees, fruit flies (Drosophila), and crickets. However, this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through a β‐adrenergic‐like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learning. Here, we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis. We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol, a male lure, with N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methyl benzoyl amide (DEET) punishment. We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test. Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward, while aversive learning and memory retention with DEET punishment remained intact. Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B. dorsalis through OA receptors.
Morphological, histological and ultra‐structural studies on the ultimobranchial body of goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Beheiry Rasha R. , Goda Nehal I. A. , Ali Sozan A. , El sayed Shafika A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltimobranchial body (UBB) remnant was considered as an enigma till the last few years, then it was recognized as a necessary organ where it is the origin of the parafollicular cells. The samples were fixed and processed for the histological and electron microscopic examination. Macroscopically, the UBB remnant appeared as a white mass at the end of the cranial one‐third of the thyroid lobe. It was composed of solid cell nest, cluster of cells and small thyroid follicles. Transmission electron microscope showed some round cells containing euchromatic nuclei, numerous parafollicular cells with darkly stained granules and paler ones. It also showed some mast cells with heterochromatic nuclei and large darkly stained granules. The parafollicular cells were distributed throughout the thyroid gland but concentrated within the UBB remnant. To our knowledge, our findings represent very unique histological manifestations specially the ultra‐structural ones which revealed an original finding about the new clear type of cells suggested to be a UBB remnant and ensure those of the light microscope.
Clinicopathological characteristics of new primary melanomas in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Pennington Thomas E , Zhao Cathy Yunjia , Colebatch Andrew J , Fernandez‐Peñas Pablo , Guitera Pascale , Burke Hazel , Scolyer Richard A , Menzies Alexander M , Carlino Matteo S , Lo Serigne , Long Georgina V , Saw Robyn PM 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival in advanced stage melanoma patients. Rates of new primary melanomas (NPM) in patients with prior melanoma have been reported to be as high as 12%. Little is currently known regarding the frequency or characteristics of NPMs occurring in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.AimTo determine the frequency and describe clinicopathologic characteristics of NPMs diagnosed in patients during or after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Melanoma Institute Australia and Westmead Hospital Dermatology databases. Clinicopathological data for the initial primary melanoma (IPM) and NPM were compared.ResultsBetween 2013–2017, 14 NPMs in 13 patients (out of a total of 1047) treated with checkpoint inhibitors were identified. NPMs were significantly thinner than the IPM (median Breslow thickness 0.35 mm vs 2.0 mm, P = 0.0003), less likely to be ulcerated (0/14 vs 6/13, P = 0.004) and less likely to have nodal metastases (0/14 vs 6/13, P = 0.004). NPMs were significantly more likely to be detected in the in‐situ stage (6/14 vs 0/13, P = 0.0016).ConclusionNPMs are infrequent in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. When they occur, they are usually detected at an early stage and have features associated with a favourable prognosis, most likely reflecting close surveillance. Further study is required to determine long‐term risk in patients achieving a durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and to determine whether the immunotherapy itself influences both their development and biology.
Delayed gastric emptying as an independent predictor of mortality in gastroparesis
Authors: Gourcerol Guillaume , Melchior Chloé , Wuestenberghs Fabien , Desprez Charlotte , Prevost Gaëtan , Grosjean Julien , Leroi Anne Marie , Tavolacci Marie Pierre 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundWhether gastroparesis is associated with a shortened life expectancy remains uncertain as no systematic study has evaluated the impact of gastroparesis on mortality, based on gastric emptying (GE) tests.AimThis study aimed to assess whether delayed GE was predictive of mortality.MethodsGE was measured using a 13C‐octanoic acid breath test in 1563 consecutive patients. Delayed GE at baseline defined the gastroparesis group. Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.9 years, yielding 13 466 patients per year. Mortality was assessed using the French CepiDc database with data from local civil registries. The cause of death was determined from medical records. Mortality rates were assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and hazard ratio (HR) was calculated using the Cox regression model.ResultsAge and symptoms severity were not different among patients with normal GE (n = 1179) and with delayed GE (n = 384) while diabetes mellitus was more frequent in the gastroparesis group. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed increased mortality in the gastroparesis group compared to patients with normal GE. Cox regression model identified delayed GE as independently associated with increased mortality (HR = 1.63[1.09‐2.42]; P = 0.02). Other independent factors associated with increased mortality included age, male sex, and diabetes. No difference was observed between groups for the cause of death, with cancer and cardiovascular disease being the leading causes.ConclusionThis study has shown that gastroparesis, diagnosed on GE tests, was associated with increased mortality, independently of age, sex, BMI or diabetes status (NCT04918329).
Clinical outcome of infantile‐onset inflammatory bowel disease in 102 patients with interleukin‐10 signalling deficiency
Authors: Ye Ziqing , Qian Lai , Hu Wenhui , Miao Shijian , Wang Yuhuan , Lu Junping , Zhou Ying , Lu Xiaolan , Zhang Ye , Zheng Cuifang , Sun Hua , Tang Wenjuan , Tang Zifei , Sun Song , Dong Kuiran , Qian Xiaowen , Zhai Xiaowen , Huang Ying 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundInfantile‐onset inflammatory bowel disease can be caused by defects in interleukin‐10 signalling. The natural history and clinical outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, medical treatment and surgery have not been thoroughly described.AimsThis study evaluates disease progression and clinical outcome in patients with interleukin‐10 signalling deficiency.MethodsOne hundred and nine patients with interleukin‐10 signalling deficiency were retrospectively reviewed from a single tertiary centre. The Kaplan‐Meier method was applied to calculate probabilities of survival and interval between transplant and stoma closure.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients were reviewed, and 102 patients were included in the survival analysis. One hundred and eight patients were identified with IL10RA mutations, and one patient harboured IL10RB mutation. Seventy‐three patients received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The overall survival after transplantation was 64.2% (95% confidence interval, 52.8 to 75.6), and without transplantation, it was 47.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.8 to 80.2, P = 0.47). The median timeframe between transplant and stoma closure was 19.6 months. The probability of survival was significantly lower in patients with perforation (P < 0.001), ileus (P = 0.038) and without thalidomide treatment (P < 0.001) among patients who did not receive haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The survival probability was not associated with timeframe between transplant and onset, graft source and genotypes.ConclusionsThe survival probability was not significantly different between patients with transplantation and the non‐transplanted patients.
Generalized granuloma annulare resolution following biopsy: a remote reverse Koebner phenomenon
Authors: Anjaneyan Gopikrishnan , Sreenivaasan Nandhetha , Eapen Malini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis generalized granuloma annulare case of palisading type, with extensive lesions of 10 months duration resolving 1 week post biopsy without any treatment is the most exceptional depiction of this poorly understood remote reverse Koebner phenomenon.
A robust object detection system with occlusion handling for mobile devices
Authors: Chilukuri Devi M. , Yi Sun , Seong Younho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep learning techniques help computer vision automatically learn the intrinsic patterns within complex data. This research mainly concentrates on creating a mobile application based on augmented reality for elderly mobile users that helps in identifying the traffic signals and other signboards in real‐time using deep learning techniques. TensorFlow serves as an implementation platform to build the object detection system with deep learning. The single shot multibox detector (SSD) model and the two‐stage faster‐regional convolutional neural network (RCNN) models from TensorFlow's object detection application programming interface (API) are compared in this study. The SSD model with MobileNet as a backbone network serves well for this study as it is faster than the RCNN model with comparable accuracy. However, unconstrained environments like occlusions can be an obstacle to the effective performance of an object detection system. This research provides a solution to handle occlusions by developing a robust object detection system through image segmentation techniques. The model introduced is based on the SSD MobileNet model which enables it to be deployable on mobile devices for real‐time offline detection. The developed model exhibits faster performance than the state‐of‐the‐art instance segmentation model, Mask RCNN with comparable accuracy. Elaborated implementation of this system and results are presented in further sections.
Changes in alcohol use during theCOVID‐19 pandemic in Europe: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Kilian Carolin , O'Donnell Amy , Potapova Nina , López‐Pelayo Hugo , Schulte Bernd , Miquel Laia , Paniello Castillo Blanca , Schmidt Christiane Sybille , Gual Antoni , Rehm Jürgen , Manthey Jakob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssuesNumerous studies have examined the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on alcohol use changes in Europe, with concerns raised regarding increased use and related harms.ApproachWe synthesised observational studies published between 1 January 2020 and 31 September 2021 on self‐reported changes in alcohol use associated with COVID‐19. Electronic databases were searched for studies evaluating individual data from European general and clinical populations. We identified 646 reports, of which 56 general population studies were suitable for random‐effects meta‐analyses of proportional differences in alcohol use changes. Variations by time, sub‐region and study quality were assessed in subsequent meta‐regressions. Additional 16 reports identified were summarised narratively.Key FindingsCompiling reports measuring changes in overall alcohol use, slightly more individuals indicated a decrease than an increase in their alcohol use during the pandemic [3.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00–7.6%]. Decreases were also reported more often than increases in drinking frequency (8.0%, 95% CI 2.7–13.2%), quantity consumed (12.2%, 95% CI 8.3–16.2%) and heavy episodic drinking (17.7%, 95% CI 13.6–21.8%). Among people with pre‐existing high drinking levels/alcohol use disorder, high‐level drinking patterns appear to have solidified or intensified.ImplicationsPandemic‐related changes in alcohol use may be associated with pre‐pandemic drinking levels. Increases among high‐risk alcohol users are concerning, suggesting a need for ongoing monitoring and support from relevant health‐care services.ConclusionOur findings suggest that more people reduced their alcohol use in Europe than increased it since the onset of the pandemic. However high‐quality studies examining specific change mechanisms at the population level are lacking.
A nationwide survey of Italian Centers for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia on the provision of care for international migrants
Authors: Canevelli Marco , Cova Ilaria , Remoli Giulia , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Salvi Emanuela , Maestri Giorgia , Nicotra Alessia , Valletta Martina , Ancidoni Antonio , Sciancalepore Francesco , Cascini Silvia , Bargagli Anna Maria , Pomati Simone , Pantoni Leonardo , Vanacore Nicola ,   ImmiDem Study Network,   ImmiDem Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMore than 500,000 dementia cases can be estimated among migrants living in Europe. There is the need to collect “real world” data on the preparedness of healthcare services to support the inclusion of migrants in the public health response to dementia. The present study aimed (i) to estimate the number of migrants referred to Italian memory clinics (Centers for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia [CCDDs]) and (ii) to identify possible barriers and resources for the provision of diversity‐sensitive care.MethodsA survey of all Italian CCDDs was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021. An online questionnaire was developed to obtain information on the number of migrants referred to Italian CCDDs in 2019, the challenges encountered in the diagnostic approach, and possible facilitators in the provision of care.ResultsOverall, 343 of the 570 contacted CCDDs completed the survey questionnaire (response rate: 60.2%). Nearly 4527 migrants were referred to these services in 2019. Migrants accounted for a median 1.1% (IQR: 0.9%–2.8%) of overall CCDD referrals. More than one‐third of respondents reported that the number of migrants referred to their facilities had increased in the last 5 years. The overall quality of the migrants' cognitive assessment was deemed to be very poor or insufficient in most cases. A minority of CCDDs had translated information material on dementia and reported the possibility to contact cultural mediators and interpreters.ConclusionsA relevant number of migrants are being referred to Italian CCDDs that are still not adequately prepared to deliver diversity‐sensitive care and support.
BETWEEN FIGHTING SPIRIT AND DESPAIR: THE GROWING DISTRUST OF LANGUAGE IN ERNST TOLLER'S WORK IN EXILE
Authors: Reimers Kirsten 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIt was only by a lucky coincidence that Ernst Toller escaped arrest in National Socialist Germany. The author understood his own survival as an obligation to stand up for the victims of National Socialism and to fight against fascism. He dedicated his whole life to this task. Until his suicide in May 1939, Toller was mainly acting as a public speaker on the situation in Nazi Germany. Although Toller wrote two plays as late as 1939, he was still struggling with the English language. He wrote in German and depended on the help of others to translate his plays. As he said himself, he felt imprisoned in the German language. In addition, the audience he actually wanted to reach and stir up was the German population. Whereas Toller had experimented with form and expression in his plays of the Weimar era, searching for ever‐new ways to capture political commitment in contemporary literary form, his works written in exile were much more conventional. What influence did the exile experience and the language barrier have on Toller's dramatic writing, and how did this change his self‐image as an author and his conceptions of literary theory? These questions will be addressed in this article.
Rheological study of cowpea puree ‘adowè’ and the influence of saliva on the puree viscosity
Authors: Teko Ekoué , Ako Komla , Yousefi Alireza , Munialo Claire D. , Osseyi Elolo 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe traditional preparation of adowè is laborious, time, water, and fuel consuming and this has resulted in a decline in its consumption. We investigated the characteristics of adowè where powder‐based products were used to formulate the traditional puree as a means of reducing the cost of the dish. In the absence of additional salt, the cooking of cowpea seeds was characterised by two activation energy domains from the swelling kinetics below and above 60 °C ± 5 °C of ≈15.30 and ≈28.35 kJ mol−1, respectively. Decorticated seeds were completely cooked after ≈60 min at 95 °C and the puree of 31% ± 2% (w/w) exhibited an apparent viscosity of ≈6 kPa s at ≈0.1 s−1 and 23 °C, as determined by the back extrusion method. The purees exhibited a shear‐thinning flow, time decreasing viscosity at constant shear rate, and a partially recoverable capacity. At a shear rate of 50 s−1 and for a shearing time of 80 s, the viscosity increased sharply by a factor 200 as the concentration was increased from 12% to 20% (w/w) by a factor 1.67. In the presence of saliva, the viscosity was shown to remarkably decline with a greater impact for concentrations ≈15% (w/w).
The ‘Monarchy’ of God the Father
Authors: Lombardo Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to the Eleventh Council of Toledo (675), God the Father ‘takes his origin from no one’ and is ‘the font and origin of all divinity’. This article clarifies and defends these declarations about God the Father and the patristic consensus on which they rely. First, it documents the patristic consensus about the Father’s fontal role within the Trinity. Afterwards, it responds to revisionist narratives that deny the universality of certain aspects of this consensus. Then, setting aside historical questions, it argues that Christian confession of the Trinity cannot fail to acknowledge the Father’s status as principle without principle and source of all deity without descending into incoherence. Finally, it takes the results of this study and applies them to the contested category of monarchy and what it means to speak about the ‘monarchy’ of God the Father.