bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information use and literacy of healthcare staff at a large teaching hospital in the UK.
Authors: Lagojda Lukasz , O'Connell Bridget , Brown Anna , Dekker Natasha S. den 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Healthcare staff need evidence-based information to support their decisions. As library services play pivotal roles in the retrieval of scattered information and in providing information literacy training, it is important to understand how clinicians acquire information and the barriers they face during information seeking.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of evidence-based information at a busy teaching hospital, the aspects of information seeking behaviours employed by clinicians, and the barriers faced by individual clinical professions in accessing evidence-based information.
Methods: Online staff survey.
Results: Data showed that evidence-based information is mainly used to support patient care and education. Information-seeking behaviours seeking behaviours varied based on how often this information was needed. The barriers varied between clinical professions, but ‘time’ was the most consistent factor. The belief of information use in practice being not part of the job role was the overwhelming factor for not using evidence-based information.
Discussion: The findings are consistent with current literature and outline distinct patterns of information use and barriers to evidence-based information.
Conclusion: There is a potential need for clinical libraries to provide information literacy training to healthcare assistants and support workers, nurses, and midwives, and those needs should be investigated periodically.
Enhanced Sestrin expression through Tanshinone 2A treatment improves PI3K-dependent inhibition of glioma growth
Authors: Williams Robin , Schaf Judith , Shinhmar Sonia , Zeng Qingyu , Pardo Olivier , Beesley Philip , Syed Nelofer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Glioblastomas are a highly aggressive cancer type which respond poorly to current pharmaceutical treatments, thus novel therapeutic approaches need to be investigated. One such approach involves the use of the bioactive natural product tanshinone IIA (T2A) derived from the Chinese herb Danshen, where mechanistic insight for this anti-cancer agent is needed to validate its use. Here, we employ a tractable model system, Dictyostelium discoideum, to provide this insight. T2A potently inhibits cellular proliferation of Dictyostelium, suggesting molecular targets in this model. We show that T2A rapidly reduces phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB) activity, but surprisingly, the downstream complex mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is only inhibited following chronic treatment. Investigating regulators of mTORC1, including PKB, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), suggests these enzymes were not responsible for this effect, implicating an additional molecular mechanism of T2A. We identify this mechanism as the increased expression of sestrin, a negative regulator of mTORC1. We further show that combinatory treatment using a PI3K inhibitor and T2A gives rise to a synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation. We then translate our findings to human and mouse-derived glioblastoma cell lines, where both a PI3K inhibitor (Paxalisib) and T2A reduces glioblastoma proliferation in monolayer cultures and in spheroid expansion, with combinatory treatment significantly enhancing this effect. Thus, we propose a new approach for cancer treatment, including glioblastomas, through combinatory treatment with PI3K inhibitors and T2A.
Dynamic Response of Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) under Structural Vibration
Authors: Talukder Sujoy , Dankesreiter Benjamin T. , Yeo Chang-Dong , Kuether Robert J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many types of electrical connectors are used in traditional and emerging technology sectors such as electric vehicles, traditional automobiles, and aircraft, in which they need to maintain a stable and low electrical contact resistance (ECR). However, external shock and vibration can cause a sudden increase in ECR, which can lead to system failures due to electrical discontinuities or power transfer loss. In this study, the impact of structural dynamics on the ECR response is investigated using an analytical modeling and simulation. A structural vibration of 100 Hz with a surface displacement amplitude of 3 nm is applied to an electrical connector system, and the dynamic ECR response is analyzed with respect to the structural stiffness and damping ratio. At the onset of structural vibration, the system shows a high frequency ECR response with large amplitude variation, which decays over the elapsed time. From the parametric simulations and statistical data analysis, it is observed that the magnitude of ECR fluctuation decreases with the structural stiffness and damping ratio. Within the tested range of structural properties, the ECR fluctuation is more sensitive to the stiffness than the damping ratio.
Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Diversity in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with Antibiotic- associated Diarrhea
Authors: Rong Xingyu , Wang Yuezhi , Wu Yonglin , Pan MiaoMiao , Xia Xinyuan , Wang Hong , Yang Hao , Qu Yifan , Xiao Zhenming , Chen Xiejiu , Wang Tongyao , Zhang Yu , Zhao chao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Although a lot of research has confirmed that antibiotics caused microbiota disturbance, the correlation between microbiota and antibiotic treatments in hospitalized elderly patients has not been well studied. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common and important ailment in elderly patients, and therefore there is a need for clues to guide antibiotic usage in hospitalized elderly patients.
Methods: Thirty-eight elderly patients who were admitted to a medium-sized ward in Huashan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, were divided into various subgroups according to the length of hospitalization and occurrence of AAD. For the identification of microbes, microbial genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing followed by microbial analysis.
Results: The antibiotic regimen significantly altered the composition of fecal microbiota, irrespective of the length of hospitalization. In general, lower microbial alpha-diversity, involving decreased abundance of Bifidobacteriumand increased abundance of Enterococcus, was found in all antibiotic-treated patients. Interestingly, the composition of microbiota was significantly different between patients with or without AAD even under similar antibiotic regimens. The supplementation of probiotics benefited AAD patients by protecting against Enterococcus colonization.
Conclusions: The fecal microbiota of hospitalized elderly patients was significantly affected by antibiotic usage. Under similar antibiotic regimens, altered microbiota composition was closely related to the occurrence of AAD. The results revealed the importance of microbiota analysis and appropriate interventions during intensive antibiotic usage among hospitalized elderly patients.
The transcription factor ZNF148 promotes the malignant transformation of dendritic cells after cross-talk with glioma stem cells by upregulating PTX3
Authors: Cheng Shan , Liu Liang , Wang DeLin , Li Yongdong , Li Suwen , Yuan Jiaqi , Huang Shilu , Dong Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The recent development of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has resulted in advances in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment. However, the cell fate of DCs in the GBM microenvironment, especially in microenvironments in which glioma stem cell (GSC)-mediated remodeling has resulted in highly immuno-suppressive conditions, has not yet been fully investigated. The current study observed direct and active mutual interactions between GSCs and primary cultured DCs in a dual-color tracing model. Highly proliferative DCs could be monoclonal and continuously passaged, and these cells exhibited acquired tumorigenicity in vivo, indicating their malignant transformation. Transformed DCs (t-DCs) still expressed DC-specific surface markers, namely, CD80 and CD11c, and immune-related costimulatory molecules, namely, CD80, CD86, CD40, and ICAM-1. However, the expression levels of these molecules in t-DCs decreased moderately compared to those in naive DCs. Mechanistic studies revealed the upregulation of the proliferation-related gene pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in t-DCs. Stable overexpression of PTX3 further promoted the proliferation and migration of t-DCs in vitro, decreased the expression of costimulatory molecules, and increased the tumorigenicity of t-DCs in vivo. Bioinformatics prediction, qRT‒PCR verification, and luciferase reporter gene analysis indicated that the transcription factor zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148) directly bound to the PTX3 promoter region and enhanced PTX3 expression. Downregulation of ZNF148 significantly decreased PTX3 expression and reduced the proliferation and migration of t-DCs. Overexpression of ZNF148 significantly increased PTX3 expression and promoted the proliferation and migration of t-DCs, achieving the same biological effects as PTX3 overexpression in t-DCs. Simultaneously, downregulation of ZNF148 partially reversed the effect of PTX3 overexpression in t-DCs. In conclusion, the ZNF148/PTX3 axis played an important role in regulating the malignant transformation of DCs after cross-talk with GSCs, and this axis may serve as a new target for sensitizing GBM to DC-based immunotherapy.
Ultrafine ZnSe/CoSe Nanodots Encapsulated in Core-shell MOFs-Derived Hierarchically Porous N-doped Carbon Nanotubes for Superior Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Ling , Zhang Qiang , Chen Meng-Li , Zhu Xi-Xi , Zhao Chen-Fan , Cao Fu-Hu , Li Hao , Cong Huai-Ping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rational design and development of hierarchical composite structures are of great significance for high-performance lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. In this work, core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 nanotubes and polydopamine-derived hierarchically porous N-doped carbon composite with uniformly encapsulated ZnSe/CoSe nanodots (ZnSe@CoSe@CN) were constructed for enhanced lithium/sodium storage. Benefiting from the heterogeneous phase interface of ultrafine ZnSe/CoSe nanodots that can enhance the Li+/Na+ diffusion and storage, and the assembled hierarchically porous structured N-doped carbon nanotubes with high electronic conductivity and structural integrity, the bifunctional ZnSe@CoSe@CN anode delivers improved pseudo-capacitive contribution for both lithium and sodium storage, providing excellent rate capabilities (650.8 and 331 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 for lithium and sodium storage, respectively) and long-term cycling stability (a high reversible capacity of 1500 and 622.3 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1, and 600 and 397.3 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1 for lithium and sodium storage, respectively). This work provides an efficient design perspective to construct high-performance electrodes for energy storage devices.
Involvement of superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery is adverse prognostic factors in patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma before and after chemoradiotherapy comparing T category between American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Japan Pancreas Society (JPS)
Authors: Hayasaki Aoi , Mizuno Shugo , Nagata Motonori , Kaluba Benson , Maeda Koki , Shinkai Toru , Ito Takahiro , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Tanemura Akihiro , Murata Yasuhiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Isaji Shuji , Kishiwada Masashi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: T category for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the Classification of Pancreatic Cancer by the Japan Pancreas Society (JPS) is quite different from that in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). The aim is to compare prognosis in PDAC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) based on T categories of JPS and AJCC, focusing on extrapancreatic extension.
Methods: This study involved 344 PDAC patients who underwent CRT from 2005 to 2019. T-category variables were re-evaluated on computed tomography (CT) images before and after CRT. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was compared based on T categories of JPS and AJCC. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors.
Results: Based on T categories of the AJCC on CT-scan images before and after CRT, 5-year DSS of T3 (57.1% and 50%) were better than that of T2 (37.4% and 34.6%). This reversed phenomenon was not observed based on the JPS. The involvement of superior mesenteric vein (PVsm1) and superior mesenteric artery (Asm1) were significant prognostic factors before and after CRT. Our new T classification, which introduced PVsm1 and Asm1, reflected well the prognosis of patients undergoing CRT.
Conclusions: The PVsm1 and Asm1 may be practical for T category in PDAC patients undergoing CRT.
Synthetic lethality between CCNE1 hyperactivity and PARG inhibition in breast cancer
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Hu Hsien-Ming , Jacobo Mauricio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown wide utility in targeting cancers with defects in homologous recombination. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), reverses the action of PARP enzymes and may also be an anti-cancer target. Genetic mapping of cellular factors dictating response to a PARG inhibitor by siRNA and CRISPR screens revealed chemical synthetic lethality with loss of base excision repair (BER) machinery also reflected in synergies with therapeutics that induce BER-dependent DNA damage. In a pharmacogenomic screen, Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression predicted PARG inhibitor efficacy across a panel of breast cancer cell lines and genetic induction of CCNE1 leads to drug sensitivity. PARG inhibitors cause excessive PAR formation, resulting in loss of cellular NAD + leading to necrosis. Hence, PARG inhibitors selectively kill cells with elevated PAR turnover, by impinging on the BER pathway or CCNE1-induced replication stress, and stalling PAR recycling may lead to runaway PAR accumulation and energy dependent cell death.
Wearable device and smartphone data can track ALS disease progression and may serve as novel clinical trial outcome measures
Authors: Johnson Stephen , Karas Marta , Burke Katherine , Straczkiewicz Marcin , Scheier Zoe , Clark Alison , Iwasaki Satoshi , Lahav Amir , Iyer Amrita , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Berry James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapeutic development has largely relied on staff-administered functional rating scales to determine treatment efficacy. We sought to determine if mobile applications (apps) and wearable devices can be used to quantify ALS disease progression through active (surveys) and passive (sensors) data collection. Forty ambulatory adults with ALS were followed for 6-months. The Beiwe app was used to administer self-entry ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-RSE) and the Rasch Overall ALS Disability Scale (ROADS) surveys every 2-4 weeks. A wrist-worn activity monitor (ActiGraph's Insight Watch) or an ankle-worn activity monitor (Modus' StepWatch) was used continuously by each participant. Wearable device wear and app survey compliance were adequate. ALSFRS-R highly correlated with ALSFRS-RSE. Several wearable data daily physical activity measures demonstrated statistically significant change over time and associations with ALSFRS-RSE and ROADS. Active and passive digital data collection hold promise for novel ALS trial outcomes development.
Survival of adult female worms of Onchocerca change in gerbils and hamsters: implications for the development of an in vivo macrofilaricide screening model
Authors: Ayiseh Rene Bilingwe , Mbah Glory Enjong , Manfo Faustin Pascal Tsague , Kulu Tessy-Koko , Njotu Fabrice Ngoh , Monya Elvis , Ndi Emmanuel Menang , Tumanjong Irene Memeh , Mainsah Evans Ngandung , Sakanari Judy , Lustigman Sara , Cho-Ngwa Fidelis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Onchocerciasis, the second leading infectious cause of blindness, afflicts approximately 21 million people globally. Its control is limited to the use of the microfilaricidal drugs, ivermectin and moxidectin. Both drugs are unable to kill the adult worms which can survive for up to 15 years in patients, justifying the urgent need for potent and novel macrofilaricides that kill adult worms. The development of such drugs has been mired by the lack of an appropriate small laboratory animal model to evaluate potential drug candidates in vivo. This study assessed the survival of O. change female worms and their embryos over time in two laboratory rodents: gerbils and hamsters and tested using ‘proof-of-concept’ studies, whether known macrofilaricidal drugs can kill these worms. Animals were surgically implanted with mechanical or enzyme-liberated O. change female worms, and sacrificed at various time points to test for survival. Recovered worms were assessed for viability by biochemical analysis (MTT/formazan assay) or fecundity (embryogram). Flubendazole (FBZ) administered at 20 mg/kg body weight was used to validate both rodent models. By day 26 post-implantation, 58.6 ± 7.5% female worms were recovered from hamsters, and 20 ± 3.5% from gerbils. Those recovered from gerbils were mostly disintegrated or fragmented, with significantly higher fragmentation observed with enzymatically-liberated worms. FBZ had no significant effect on the number worms recovered, but enhanced embryo degradation in gerbils and reduced worm viability in hamsters. This exploratory study has revealed the gerbil and hamster as permissible rodents to adult female worms of O. change. The hamsters appeared to maintain the worms longer, compared to gerbils.
The abnormality of retinal function in early type 2 diabetes patients without retinopathy
Authors: Li Rong-Rong , Li Huan , Cai Yi , Yuan Li-Fei , Miao Hui , Shao Chang-Liang , Wang Yun-Chang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
To study the changes of retinal function in early type 2 diabetes patients without obvious macroscopic retinopathy via multifocal electroretinogram.
Methods
Thirty-six subjects (72 eyes) without visible diabetes retinopathy were selected as the experimental group, and 35 healthy subjects (70 eyes) were selected as the control group. All subjects were underwent multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG).
Results
Compared with the control group, the implicit time delay of the P1 wave in the first ring, third ring, fourth ring, and fifth ring of the experimental group was significant (t = -3.154, p = 0.004, t = -8.21, p = 0.000, t = -3.067, p = 0.004, t = -4.443, p = 0.000, respectively). The implicit time of the N1 wave in the fourth- and fifth-ring were also significantly delayed compared with the control group (t = -3.549, p = 0.001, t = 2.961, and p = 0.005, respectively). The implicit time of the P1 wave and N1 wave in the temporal region was later than that in the nasal region (t = -2.148, p = 0.037, t = -2.834, p = 0.007, respectively). There was no difference in the implicit time and amplitude density of the N1 and P1 waves in the nasal region between the experimental group and the control group. The multifocal electroretinogram complex parameters showed better specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of diabetes retinopathy.
Conclusion
The multifocal electroretinogram can detect abnormal changes in the retina of early type 2 diabetes patients without visible diabetic retinopathy. The multifocal electroretinogram complex parameter is a potential indicator for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.
Community Engagement in Social Innovation Research: A Global Sequential Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Ahumuza Emmanuel , Moscibrodzki Patricia , Tucker Joseph D , Awor Phyllis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Social innovation in health provides innovative solutions to address healthcare delivery gaps and it relies on engaging community. However, little is known about factors that influence community engagement in health research. The study sought an in-depth understanding of elements of community engagement in social innovations identified by the global social innovation in health initiative network.

Methods

The study employed a sequential mixed methods study approach, which involved a series of semi-structured interviews with 27 social innovators followed by an online survey among social innovation researchers. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using NVivo 11. Themes identified from the qualitative study informed the development of a survey instrument on community engagement. The survey data were analyzed using STATA version-14 and descriptive statistics were presented.

Results

Community engagement in social innovation was mostly utilized during during delivery of interventions (213; 79.2%), intervention identification and design (179; 66.5%), and problem identification (167; 62.1%). About half of the social innovations (135; 52.1%) had collaborate or shared leadership level of community engagement. We noted differential participation of community stakeholders at different stages of community engagement in social innovations. Social innovations built capacity of community stakeholders to offer health services to communities. Community engagement in social innovations resulted into intervention acceptance, and improved sustainability and community ownership of interventions.

Conclusion

The study shows moderate community engagement in social innovations in health. Creating strong governance structures as well as co-creating interventions with communities are vital towards achieving high community engagement in social innovation in health.
Experimental study on characteristic of ultrathin sapphire wafer polishing with Layer Stacked Clamping (LSC) method
Authors: Chen Zhixiang , Han Shunkai , Feng Ming , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Xianglei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultrathin sapphire wafer is of great significance in the semiconductor field. In order to explore the effective clamping method of ultrathin sapphire wafer in double-side polishing, this paper studied the characteristic of Layer stacked clamping (LSC) method on polishing ultrathin sapphire wafer with double-side polishing machine. A self-made friction force test platform was built for learning the friction force between sapphire wafer and baseplate with different baseplate (stainless steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy) and different baseplate surface roughness (Ra 3.6 nm, 68.2 nm, 210.1 nm, 517.9 nm). Single factor polishing experiments were carried out on baseplate with different flatness (PV value 5.3 µm, 9.8 µm, 19.9 µm, 29.7 µm) and different thicknesses (0.082 mm, 0.104 mm, 0.119 mm). The double-side polishing experiments were carried out to compare the polishing performance on the ultrathin sapphire polishing between LSC method and traditional paraffin bonding method. The results show that the friction force of stainless steel and iron increase under the adsorption of droplets. Stainless steel performs higher friction force and is more suitable for making the baseplate. The inner fringe of limiter was cut off by the edge of the sapphire wafer and a slope was thereby formed. According to polishing results, LSC method has higher processing efficiency per unit time. The surface roughness, flatness and material removal rate are better than paraffin bonding. Finally, a smooth surface with surface roughness (Ra) 1.3 nm and flatness (PV) 0.988 µm was obtained with LSC method.