bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative metabolic pathway of diquat mediated by aldehyde oxidase and its detoxification effect in vitro
Authors: Mao Zhengsheng , Yu Youjia , Wu Yuxuan , Huang Shuainan , Chu Chunyan , Jiang Qiaoyan , Cao Yue , Xie Weiran , Zhang Jinsong , Sun Hao , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a fast-acting herbicide that kills both weeds and grasses and is widely used in the agricultural industry. The reported DQ poisoning cases have significantly increased in recent years. However, there is no effective antidote for the treatment of DQ poisoning. In this study, aldehyde oxidase (AOX) has been validated as the vital enzyme involved in the DQ oxidative metabolism. The metabolism of DQ to diquat monopyridone (DQ M) was significantly inhibited by AOX inhibiters including raloxifene and hydralazine. The source of oxygen atom incorporated into DQ M was proved to be from water with H218O incubation experiment which further corroborated DQ M formation via AOX metabolism. The tissue distribution of DQ M in vivo and generation of DQ M in vitro by tissue co-incubation were consistent with AOX mRNA expression in tissues. The molecular docking analysis results also showed that DQ could bind to AOX. These results collectively demonstrated that AOX played a crucial in the metabolism of DQ to DQ M. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of DQ was higher than DQ M at the same concentrations in HCCLM3, Huh7, A549, 16HBE, HEK293T and GMC cells. This study is the first to reveal the oxidative metabolic enzyme of DQ and the toxicity of DQ and its metabolite providing an important reference for clinical management of DQ poisoning.
Simulating groundstate and dynamical quantum phase transitions on a superconducting quantum computer
Authors: Dborin James , Wimalaweera Vinul , Barratt Fergus , Ostby Eric , O'Brien Thomas , Green Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We optimise a translationally invariant, sequential quantum circuit on a superconducting quantum
device to simulate the groundstate of the quantum Ising model through its quantum critical point.
We further demonstrate how the dynamical quantum critical point found in quenches of this model
across its quantum critical point can be simulated. Our approach avoids finite-size scaling effects by
using sequential quantum circuits inspired by infinite matrix product states. We provide efficient
circuits and a variety of error mitigation strategies to implement, optimise and time-evolve these
states.
Left ventricular myocardial mass index associated with cardiovascular and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Sági Balázs , Késői István , Vas Tibor , Csiky Botond , Nagy Judit , Kovács Tibor József 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction.
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), like in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity are many times higher than in the general population, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for CV disease. This follow-up study investigated the association between left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and renal or cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods.
We examined 118 IgAN patients. LVMI and LV geometry were investigated using echocardiography. The primary combined endpoints were total mortality, major CV events, and end-stage renal disease. Secondary endpoints, i.e. - cardiovascular or renal endpoints, - were also examined separately.
Results.
67% were males, mean age 53.5 ± 13.5. Mean follow-up time: 184 months. LVMI inversely correlated with eGFR (corr. coefficient: -0.365; p < 0.01). We divided the patients into two groups based on the LVMI cut-off suggested by the literature. The presence of LVH caused a worse prognosis in primary (p < 0.001), renal endpoints (p = 0.01), and also in CV endpoints (p = 0.001). The higher LVMI in men significantly worsened the prognosis in all endpoints. Concentric hypertrophy meant a worse prognosis. Independent predictors of LVMI were gender and eGFR in uni- and multivariate regression and hemoglobin levels only in logistic regression. Independent predictors of the primary endpoint were LVMI, eGFR, gender, obesity, HT, DM, and metabolic syndrome in Cox regression analysis.
Conclusion.
Increased LVMI may predict the progression to end-stage renal disease and CV events in IgAN. Determining LVMI may be a useful parameter not only in CV risk but also in the stratification of renal risk in CKD.
In vitro structural maturation of the primordial pre-40S coupled with U3 snoRNA release and central pseudoknot formation
Authors: Hurt Ed , Beckmann Roland , Cheng Jingdong , Berninghausen Otto , Venuta Giuseppe La , Lau Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The 90S>pre-40S transition is a decisive step in eukaryotic small subunit biogenesis leading to a primordial pre-40S (state Dis-C), where the U3 snoRNA keeps the nascent 18S rRNA locally immature. We in vitro reconstitute the ATP-dependent U3 release from this particle, catalyzed by the helicase Dhr1, and follow this process by cryo-EM revealing two successive pre-40S intermediates, Dis-D and Dis-E. The latter has lost not only U3 but all residual 90S factors including the GTPase Bms1. In vitro remodeling likewise induced the formation of the central pseudoknot, a universally conserved tertiary RNA structure that comprises the core of the small subunit decoding center. Thus, we could structurally reveal a key tertiary RNA folding step that is essential to form the active 40S subunit.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Small to Big Satellite Nevus Uncover the Nevogenesis of Large/Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Gu Jieyu , Wei Boxuan , Gao Bowen , Duan Ran , Sheng Lingling , Zheng Danning , Bao Yongyang , Xie Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The nevogenesis of large/giant congenital melanocytic nevus (lgCMN) is a complex biological process involving several integral prenatal stages. Limited by ethical concerns, the understanding of whether lgCMN develops from the epidermis to the dermis or in the opposite direction remains controversial. With the present study of the accompanying satellite nevi, we hypothesized that lgCMN developed from epidermis to dermis. The satellite nevi were subdivided into 3 groups: big (diameter > 10 mm), medium (> 5 mm but ≤ 10 mm), and small (≤ 5 mm). Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining (SOX10, Ki67, p16) were performed to compare the nevocyte infiltration depth as well as the positive-stained cell proportions among these satellite nevi. In small satellite nevi, less deeply the nevocytes infiltrated the dermis, as well as more cells in the epidermis expressed SOX10 and Ki67 and fewer cells in the dermis expressed p16 than in big satellite nevi. Additionally, two specimens were obtained from each of 4 patients who underwent serial resections of lgCMN at an average interval of 1.75 years to examine the histopathological changes between them. In the present study, satellite nevi of different sizes represent different stages of lgCMN from early to late, deepening our comprehension of the sequential stages of lgCMN nevogenesis. Initially, abnormal nevocytes seeded, proliferated and spread along the epidermis. At specific locations, some nevocytes formed nests and gradually penetrated into the dermis. Eventually, the nevocytes infiltrated the dermis and entered a homeostatic state. This study provides new evidence supporting the theory of epidermal-to-dermal nevogenesis in lgCMN.
Development of a new 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17) using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Lin Na , Li Xiaoman , Tian Li , Li Zhihua , Mao Jieli , Zhang Jiafang , Chen Jie , Lu Fan , Deng Ruzhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a new 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17) by Rasch analysis, and to evaluate a score to predict for its clinical application.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021. A total of 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis. Three rounds of Rasch analysis was used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the cut-off value.
Results
Four phases were involved in the analyses. Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19, which has nineteen items and seven options. Phase 1 adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a single one item, then ASQ-18 was obtained. Phase 2 analysis resulted in deleting the 11th item, and the ASQ-17 was obtained. Phase 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17. All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable. Infit and Outfit MnSq values of all items were 0.67 ~ 1.48, the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%~59.40% and 1.50 ~ 1.80 in three dimensions. The curve peak of 0,1,2,3 scores in each dimension were separated from each other and in the same order. PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89, respectively. The functional differences of each item by gender were − 0.23 ~ 0.51logit, by age were − 0.36 ~ 0.62 logit. The mean person location was − 0.80logit. The mean score of dimension A (9.5 ± 4.1 vs 3.5 ± 3.2), B(7.3 ± 3.3 vs 2.5 ± 2.7), C(4.3 ± 2.2 vs 1.4 ± 2.0) and total (21.1 ± 8.1 vs 7.4 ± 7.0) in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than that of non-asthenopia (p values < 0.001). The area under curve(AUC) in two groups was 0.899 (p value < 0.001). Youden’s index was up to the maximum value 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5, and the sensitivity and specificity index were 100% and 78.4%, respectively.
Conclusion
The new ASQ-17 is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value 12.5, which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.
Green synthesis of bioactive hydroxyapatite/cellulose composites from food industrial wastes
Authors: Abdelraof Mohamed , Farag Mohammad M. , Al-Rashidy Zainab Mohammed , Ahmed Hanaa Y. A. , El-Saied Houssni , Hasanin Mohamed S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work aimed at the preparation of cost-effective bioactive composites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and eggshell or hydroxyapatite (HAp) by a green method using bacteria. HAp was prepared from eggshell wastes, and another one was synthesized from chemical precursors for comparison. The BC productivity was evaluated, and the resultant composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDX. Furthermore, the biodegradation and bioactivity were assessed in SBF, and the cell viability was studied against oral normal cells. The results showed that the productivity of BC was not affected by HAp at lower concentrations; however, the yield was decreased at higher concentrations. Moreover, the eggshell was converted to Ca3(PO4)2 in BC/eggshell composite, while HAp in the composites contained either eggshell-derived HAp or chemically-derived HAp was a combination of Ca3(PO4)2 and HAp phases. The in vitro bioactivity test in SBF showed that all composites were induced the formation of a bone-like apatite layer on their surface. Finally, the in vitro cell viability test was confirmed good biocompatibility against the composites which expectedly are as pure as to be used safely in different biomedical applications.
Extensive multiregional urea elevations in vascular dementia point towards a novel shared mechanism of disease amongst the age-related dementias
Authors: Philbert Sasha , Xu Jingshu , Scholefield Melissa , Patassini Stefano , Church Stephanie J. , Unwin Richard D. , Roncaroli Federico , Cooper Garth J.S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is one of the most common causes of dementia amongst the elderly. Despite this, the molecular basis of VaD remains poorly characterised when compared to other age-related dementias. Probably as a result, therapeutic options are largely restricted to repurposing medication currently used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which, however, offer limited therapeutic benefit. Pervasive cerebral elevations of urea have recently been reported in AD, Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD); however, a similar analysis was not yet available for VaD. Here we utilised ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to measure urea levels from seven cerebral regions in post-mortem tissue from cases of VaD (n = 10) and matched controls (n = 8/9). Brain-urea measurements from our previous investigations of AD, HD, and PDD, quantified using corresponding mass-spectrometry techniques, were also used to generate comparisons with VaD. Elevated urea levels ranging from 2.2- to 2.4-fold-change in VaD cases were identified in six out of the seven regions analysed. These elevations are similar in magnitude to those observed in uraemic encephalopathy, a CNS disorder characterised by accumulation of urea in the cerebral tissues. Fold-elevation of urea was highest in the basal ganglia and hippocampus (2.4-fold-change), consistent with the observation that these regions are severely affected in VaD. When compared with other age-related dementias, VaD displayed the lowest overall fold-increase, followed by HD (3.4-fold), PDD (4.3-fold), and AD (5.3-fold). Taken together, these data not only describe, for the first time, a multiregional elevation of brain-urea levels in VaD, but also imply the existence of a common urea-mediated disease mechanism that is now known to be present in at least four of the main age-related dementias. If the precise origin of this urea phenotype can be identified, brain-urea metabolism may be a viable target for the experimental treatment of multiple age-related dementias.
R- and S-ketamine abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior through microglial modulation: a differential anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effect of the enantiomers
Authors: Filho Adriano Chaves , Los Deniele , Soares Michele , Juca Paloma , de Queiroz Tatiana , Silva Francisco Eliclecio Rodrigues da , Saraiva Karina , Silva Amanda , Azul Francisco Vinicius Serra , Leal Luzia Kalyne , Peixoto Christina , Macedo Danielle S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Depression is a disabling mental disorder associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines and glial activation. Ketamine (KET), a racemic mixture of the R- and S-KET enantiomers, emerged as a rapid antidepressant drug. This study investigates the microglial modulatory and synaptogenic effects of R- and S-KET in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model. Male rats were challenged with LPS and, 24h later, received R-KET or S-KET (10 mg/kg, IP). Two h later, these animals were evaluated for depression-like behaviors and adverse psychomimetic effects. Also, BV2 microglial cultures were challenged with LPS and exposed to R- or S-KET. Both enantiomers reversed LPS-induced depression-like behaviors and increased plasma corticosterone. LPS caused intense hippocampal glial activation, demonstrated by microglial (Iba1) and astrocytic (GFAP) markers, accompanied by increased nitrite, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6, and M1 microglial phenotype markers (iNOS and CD86 mRNA). Both enantiomers attenuated Iba1 and GFAP hippocampal increase, but only S-KET induced an M2 phenotype, indicated by the higher arginase activity, IL-4, IL-10, and expression of M2a response genes (LGLAS3 and IGF-1). In the BV2 cells, S-KET increased arginase activity, IL-4, and IL-10 levels. Both enantiomers reversed the LPS-induced changes in synaptic ultrastructure and synaptosome viability. Only S-KET increased the density and the presence of mature spines in the dentate gyrus. Also, S-KET increased hippocampal BDNF maturation and boosted its secretion by BV2 microglia. Therefore, the present study demonstrated, for the first time, the unique immunomodulatory profile of S-KET, promoting a reparative M2 phenotype and protecting synaptic structures from the LPS-associated damage.
Identification and analysis of B cell epitopes of hemagglutinin of H1N1 influenza virus
Authors: Feng Qing , Huang Xiao-Yan , Feng Yang-Meng , Sun Li-jun , Sun Jing-Ying , Li Yan , Xie Xin , Hu Jun , Guo Chun-Yan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The frequent variation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen is the main cause of influenza pandemic. Therefore, the study of B cell epitopes of HA is of great significance in the prevention and control of influenza virus. In this study, the cleavage vaccine of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus was used as immunogen, and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by conventional hybridoma fusion and screening techniques. The characteristics of mAbs were identified by ELISA method, Western-blot test and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Using the obtained mAbs as a tool, the B cell epitopes of HA were predicted by ELISA blocking test, sandwich ELISA method and computer simulation method. Finally, four mAbs against HA antigen of H1N1 influenza virus were obtained. The results of ELISA and computer prediction showed that there were at least two types of epitopes on HA of influenza virus. This study provides experimental data for improving the prediction of HA epitopes of influenza viruses and developing potential influenza vaccines, and also provides a new method for the prediction of other pathogenic microorganisms.
N-acetylcysteine Regulates Dental Follicle Stem Cell Osteogenesis and Oral Bone Repair via ROS scavenging
Authors: Meng Zhaosong , Liu Jiacheng , Feng Zhipeng , Guo Shuling , Wang Mingzhe , Wang Zheng , Sui Lei , Li Hongjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for oral bone regeneration. Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising antioxidant, on the properties of DFSCs and DFSC-based oral bone regeneration.
Methods
DFSCs were cultured in media supplemented with different concentrations of NAC (0–10 mM). Cytologic experiments, RNA-sequencing and antioxidant assays were performed in vitro. Rat maxillary first molar extraction models were constructed, histological and radiological examinations were performed at day 7 post-surgery to investigate oral bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets after local transplantation of NAC, DFSCs or NAC-treated DFSCs.
Results
5 mM NAC-treated DFSCs exhibited better proliferation, less senescent rate, higher stem cell-specific marker and immune-related factor expression with the strongest osteogenic differentiation; 10 mM NAC was not beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. RNA-sequencing identified 803 differentially expressed genes between DFSCs with and without 5 mM NAC. “Developmental process (GO:0032502)” was prominent, bioinformatic analysis of 394 involved genes revealed functional and pathway enrichment of ossification and PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. Furthermore, after NAC treatment, the reduction of ROS levels (ROS, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide), the induction of antioxidant levels (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), the upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling (PI3K-p110, PI3K-p85, AKT, phosphorylated-PI3K-p85, phosphorylated-AKT) and the rebound of ROS level upon PI3K/AKT inhibition were showed. Local transplantation of NAC, DFSCs or NAC-treated DFSCs were safe and promoted oral socket bone formation after tooth extraction, with application of NAC-treated DFSCs possessing the best effect.
Conclusions
The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based oral bone regeneration.
A retrospective clinical comparative study of intramedullary nailing and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for extra-articular distal tibia fractures
Authors: Wang Chaofeng , Huang Qiang , Lu Dongsheng , Duan Ning , Zhang Conming , Wang Qian , Ma Teng , Zhang Kun , Li Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The treatment of extra-articular distal tibia fractures is a difficult challenge. Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nailing (IMN) are satisfactory extra-articular distal tibia fractures. The optimal surgical treatment for extra-articular distal tibia fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with extra-articular distal tibia fractures treated with MIPO or IMN. For this retrospective study, a total of 266 patients with closed extra-articular distal metaphysis (OA type 43-A) or closed distal tibial fracture (AO type 42) were enrolled and included; 110 patients were treated with MIPO, and 156 patients underwent IMN. There was no significant difference in the primary operation union rate, AOFAS score, deep surgical site infection or malalignment between the MIPO and IMN groups. However, there was a longer operation time, more prospective times, more intraoperative blood loss and more frequent anterior knee pain in the IMN groups than in the MIPO group. There was a significantly shorter time to union in the IMN group than in the MIPO group (138.8 ± 11.0 vs. 153.5 ± 17.1 days, p < 0.05) and a lower superficial surgical site infection in the IMN group than in the MIPO group (1.9% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.05). We found that extra-articular distal tibia fractures can be treated satisfactorily with IMN or MIPO. Pollor blocking screws have a main role in improving the efficacy of IMN. Regardless of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and occurrence of anterior knee pain, IMN was recommended as the choice to treat extra-articular distal tibia fractures.
The Motivations, Experiences, Challenges, and Psychological Well-Being during Training and the First Year of Volunteering at a Mental Health Charity
Authors: Yau Maggie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research paper explores experiences of new volunteers during training and first year of volunteering at a mental health charity in UK and Republic of Ireland. This topic is important because volunteering makes significant impact on society, contributing to the global economy, and helping build stronger, more cohesive, safer communities (Wu, 2011). The study consisted of 160 new volunteers; data were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Positive experiences included making new friends and engaging in voluntary work. Negative experiences included dealing with people that misused the service. The challenges of volunteering were dealing with difficult calls and problems with the support system in some branches, which might be a threat to a new volunteer’s psychological well-being and retention. It is recommended that amendments are made to the initial training and the support system in some branches of the charity.