bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippo‐YAP signaling activation and cross‐talk with PI3K in oral cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Rodríguez‐Santamarta Tania , Corte Daniela , García‐de‐la‐Fuente Vanessa , Rodríguez‐Torres Nerea , Lequerica‐Fernández Paloma , Lorz Corina , García‐Pedrero Juana M. , de Vicente Juan C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic relevance of the Hippo‐YAP transactivators YAP1 and TAZ in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their possible relationship with PI3K/mTOR pathway activation.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of YAP1, TAZ, PIK3CA (p110α), p‐AKT (Ser473), and p‐S6 (Ser235) was performed in paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from 165 OSCC patients. Correlations between protein expression and clinical data were further assessed.ResultsYAP1 expression was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells, whereas TAZ expression was only found in the nucleus. Nuclear YAP1 was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.03), neck lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), TNM stage (p = 0.02), and poor differentiation (p = 0.04). Nuclear TAZ was associated with tobacco (p = 0.03) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.04), and poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1, nuclear TAZ, p110α expression, and mTORC1 activation p‐S6 (S235). Combined expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1 was prognostic in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Active nuclear YAP1 was significantly and independently associated with poor disease‐specific (p = 0.005, HR = 2.520; 95% CI = 1.319–4.816) and overall survival (p = 0.015, HR = 2.126; 95% CI = 1.155–3.916).ConclusionNuclear YAP1 is an independent predictor of poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Immunogenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in adolescents with cardiac disease
Authors: Hayashi Hiroki , Narita Jun , Ishii Ryo , Hirose Masaki , Hashimoto Kazuhisa , Yamagishi Yoshiaki , Ozono Keiichi , Nakagami Hironori , Ishida Hidekazu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough widely reported to affect older adults more, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) also affects adolescents, especially those with co‐morbidities, including heart diseases. The safety and efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) mRNA vaccines has been established in healthy adolescents, yet there are few data for humoral and cellular immunogenicity in adolescents with cardiac diseases.MethodsWe evaluated anti‐spike antibodies, neutralizing activities, and interferon‐gamma production prior to and after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in adolescents with cardiac diseases and healthy controls.ResultsFive healthy adolescents and 26 patients with cardiac diseases, including congenital heart disease (CHD, n = 10), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 4), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH, n = 4), and those post‐heart transplantation (post‐HTx, n = 8) were enrolled. No severe adverse events, including myocarditis and pericarditis, were noted, even in patients with severe heart failure. Febrile events were noted after 21 of 62 injections (34%). All the healthy adolescents and 21 of the 26 patients (81%) showed sufficient elevation of neutralizing antibodies after the second dose of vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity were absent in four of the eight post‐HTx patients and one with single ventricle CHD. There was no correlation between the anti‐spike and neutralizing antibody titers and interferon‐gamma levels. When comparing the clinical characteristics of the patients post‐HTx who did or did not acquire antibodies, there was no significant difference in the immunosuppressant types and trough levels.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine has efficient immunogenicity for adolescents with CHD, IPAH, and DCM. Half of post‐HTx patients could not acquire sufficient humoral immunity.
Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐fibrotic and schistosomicidal properties of plumbagin in murine schistosomiasis
Authors: Bakery Heba H. , Allam Gamal A. , Abuelsaad Abdelaziz S. A. , Abdel‐Latif Mahmoud , Elkenawy Ayman E. , Khalil Rehab G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis is still a major health problem affecting nearly 250 million people worldwide and causes approximately 280,000 deaths per year. The disease causes a serious granulomatous inflammatory response that produces significant mortality. Plumbagin reportedly displays anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrotic, antioxidant and anthelmintic properties. This study further elucidates these properties. Mice were infected with schistosomes and divided into five groups: non‐infected untreated (C); infected untreated (IU); non‐infected treated with plumbagin (P); infected treated with plumbagin (PI) and infected treated with praziquantel (PZ). Mice treated with 20 mg plumbagin/kg body weight showed reduction of 64.28% and 59.88% in male and female animals, respectively. Also, the number of eggs/g tissue was reduced 69.39%, 68.79% and 69.11% in liver, intestine and liver/intestine combined, respectively. Plumbagin alleviated schistosome‐induced hepatosplenomegaly and reduced hepatic granuloma and liver collagen content by 62.5% and 35.26%, respectively while PZQ reduced hepatic granuloma and liver collagen content by 41.11% and 11.21%, respectively. Further, plumbagin treatment significantly (p < .001) reduced IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐17, IL‐37, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β and TNF‐α levels and significantly (p < .001) upregulated IL‐10. Plumbagin treatment restored hepatic enzymes activity to nearly normal levels and induced an increase in catalase, SOD, GSH, total thiol and GST in liver tissue homogenate. NO and LPO content was, however, decreased. Moreover, serum IgG levels significantly increased. The present study is the first to report immunomodulatory and schistosomicidal activities of plumbagin in schistosomiasis.
Minimal invasiveness in soft tissue augmentation at dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Strauss Franz J. , Mancini Leonardo , Gasser Thomas J. W. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) of soft tissue substitutes versus autogenous grafts for soft tissue augmentation procedures at implant sites. Comprehensive and systematic literature searches were performed until December 2021. A focused question was formulated based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome criteria (PICO): In patients with dental implants undergoing soft tissue augmentation (P), do soft tissue substitutes (I) compared to autogenous soft tissue graft (SCTG [subepithelial connective tissue graft]) (C) limit the post‐operative morbidity and other patient reported‐outcomes measures (O). Randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective‐, retrospective‐ and case‐series studies were included. Meta‐analyses were performed whenever possible and the results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). A total of 29 clinical studies were included. For mucosal thickness gain, soft tissue substitutes significantly reduced the pain perception compared to SCTG (n = 4; WMD = 14.91 Visual Analog Scale [VAS] units; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.42‐23.40; P < .0006) based on a 0‐100 VAS scale. Based on a 0‐10 VAS scale, a borderline significance of pain reduction was found when soft tissue substitutes were applied (n = 4; WMD = 1.62 VAS units; 95% CI 0.01‐3.23; P = .05). For keratinized tissue gain, soft tissue substitutes significantly reduced the pain perception after keratinized tissue augmentation compared to SCTG based on a 0‐100 VAS scale (n = 2; WMD = 21.43 VAS units; 95% CI 12.58‐30.28; P < .0001). Based on the 0‐10 VAS scale, soft tissue substitutes significantly reduced the pain as compared to SCTG (n = 4; WMD = 1.65 VAS units; 95% CI 0.66‐2.64; P = .001). Regarding pain medication, soft tissue substitutes required less painkillers (n = 6; WMD = 1.56 tablets; 95% CI 1.22‐1.91; P < .00001) after soft tissue augmentation. The surgery time was significantly reduced when soft tissue substitutes were used (n = 5; WMD = 10.9 minutes; 95% CI 4.60‐17.19; P < .00001). There were no significant differences in satisfaction, aesthetics, and quality of life (OHIP‐14) between soft tissue substitutes and autogenous grafts following soft tissue augmentation at implants sites. Soft tissue substitutes, compared to autogenous grafts, significantly improve PROMs following soft tissue augmentation at implant sites. Soft tissue substitutes can reduce pain perception, amounts of painkillers and surgery time while achieving similar levels of patient´s satisfaction as autogenous grafts without impairing the clinical outcomes. The current evidence indicates that they constitute a valid and reliable alternative to minimize the invasiveness in soft tissue augmentation procedures at implant sites.
Phylogeny of Membracoidea (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) based on transcriptome data
Authors: Hu Yanhua , Dietrich Christopher H. , Skinner Rachel K. , Zhang Yalin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe suborder Auchenorrhyncha (“true hoppers”) comprises nearly half of known Hemiptera, with >43,000 known species of sap‐sucking herbivores distributed worldwide, including many important agricultural pests and vectors of plant disease. More than half of the known Auchenorrhyncha belong to superfamily Membracoidea (leaf‐ and treehoppers), which has been a source of phylogenetic contention for many years. To construct an improved backbone phylogeny of this superfamily, we obtained transcriptome data for multiple representatives of all 5 previously established extant families and nearly all subfamilies to test their monophyly and relationships. 138 taxa (132 Membracoidea and 6 outgroups) were sampled with an emphasis on families Cicadellidae and Membracidae, which were paraphyletic as previously defined by most authors, several problematic subfamilies (Aphrodinae, Eurymelinae, Ledrinae, Nicomiinae, Stegaspidinae and Tartessinae). We analysed different combinations of data sets (amino acid, complete nucleotide and degeneracy‐coded nucleotide) using different modelling schemes. The resultant trees based on different analyses are congruent in most nodes. Discordant nodes mainly pertain to relationships among cicadellid subfamilies and tribal relationships within Aphrodinae and Eurymelinae. Analyses of gene‐ and site concordance factors and quartet scores indicate that this instability is largely attributable to an overall lack of informative characters across genes and sites rather than strongly supported conflict among genes. According to the congruent nodes, we make the following revisions: combine Stegaspidinae and Centrotinae into a single subfamily, Centrotinae sensu lato; restore Stenocotini from Tartessinae to its original position in the Ledrinae; and transform Holdgatiella Evans from Nicomiinae to Melizoderinae. In addition, to solve the paraphyly of both Cicadellidae and Membracidae, a preferred option would be to combine all five previously recognized families into a single family, Membracidae sensu lato; the other option could be to render Cicadellidae monophyletic by excluding Megophthalminae and Ulopinae from Cicadellidae and elevating them to status as separate families.
Homand Honiara: Interpreting, importing, and adapting “home” in Solomon Islands
Authors: Maggio Rodolfo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe residents of Gilbert Camp, an illegal settlement on the outskirts of Honiara, the capital city of Solomon Islands, recurrently declare that life in town is hard. However, they have been migrating there, they keep doing so notwithstanding great challenges, and create the conditions for others to settle too. The apparent contradiction between their ideas and behaviours is resolved by looking at their home‐making practices, and interpreting negative statements as commentaries. These commentaries evaluate their efforts to turn Honiara into a home and a place where they can live the “good” life. Home is not just a matter of urban belonging and place‐making, neither it is just a matter of surviving in the “hard” urban context; rather it is a complex negotiation between cultural priorities, the specific needs of local communities, and their commitment to create a home away from home.
Prevalence, epidemiology and associated healthcare burden of Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia in the adult population of Gibraltar
Authors: Kovács Dénes Botond , Szekely Andrea , Hubai Andras Gabor , Palsson Olafur 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveGibraltar is a unique densely populated multicultural British Overseas Territory for which no population data on disorders of gut–brain interaction have existed.We aimed to provide the first-ever assessment of prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia in Gibraltar in relation to their diagnostic recognition and healthcare burden.DesignAn internet survey was carried out in Gibraltar in 2019–2020. The study survey included demographic questions, the Rome IV diagnostic questions for functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, relevant medical history, previous surgeries, medication use, healthcare visit frequency and a quality-of-life questionnaire.Results888 individuals (3.5% of all Gibraltar adults) completed the survey anonymously. Irritable bowel syndrome prevalence was 5.2% (95% CI 3.7% to 6.6%). Functional dyspepsia prevalence was 9.9% (95% CI 7.9% to 11.9%). The two conditions overlapped substantially. Women had higher mean prevalence than men of both disorders. People meeting criteria for either or both disorders were prone to surgeries, had more frequent healthcare visits, higher medication use and lower quality-of-life scores compared with people without these disorders. Diagnostic recognition by healthcare providers was low, leaving 58.3% of irritable bowel syndrome and 96.9% of functional dyspepsia individuals undiagnosed.ConclusionThis first-ever population-based study of Rome IV defined irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia in Gibraltar indicates that the prevalence rates of these disorders are similar to the recently reported data for the UK and Spain, but they remain poorly recognised despite substantially affecting the quality of life of individuals who have them in the Gibraltar community.
Understanding community health worker employment preferences in Malang district, Indonesia, using a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Gadsden Thomas , Sujarwoto Sujarwoto , Purwaningtyas Nuretha , Maharani Asri , Tampubolon Gindo , Oceandy Delvac , Praveen Devarsetty , Angell Blake , Jan Stephen , Palagyi Anna 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving accessibility to primary healthcare. In many settings CHW programmes do not have formalised employment models and face issues of high attrition and poor performance. This study aims to determine the employment preferences of CHWs in Malang district, Indonesia, to inform policy interventions.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted with 471 CHWs across 28 villages. Attributes relevant to CHW employment were identified through a multistage process including literature review, focus group discussions and expert consultation. Respondents’ choices were analysed with a mixed multinomial logit model and latent class analyses.ResultsFive attributes were identified: (1) supervision; (2) training; (3) monthly financial benefit; (4) recognition; and (5) employment structure. The most important influence on choice of job was a low monthly financial benefit (US$~2) (β=0.53, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.63), followed by recognition in the form of a performance feedback report (β=0.13, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.20). A large monthly financial benefit (US$~20) was most unappealing to respondents (β=−0.13, 95% CI=−0.23 to −0.03). Latent class analysis identified two groups of CHWs who differed in their willingness to accept either job presented and preferences over specific attributes. Preferences diverged based on respondent characteristics including experience, hours’ worked per week and income.ConclusionCHWs in Malang district, Indonesia, favour a small monthly financial benefit which likely reflects the unique cultural values underpinning the programme and a desire for remuneration that is commensurate with the limited number of hours worked. CHWs also desire enhanced methods of performance feedback and greater structure around training and their rights and responsibilities. Fulfilling these conditions may become increasingly important should CHWs work longer hours.
Impact of secondary and tertiary neonatal interventions on neonatal mortality in a low- resource limited setting hospital in Uganda: a retrospective study
Authors: Kirabira Victoria Nakibuuka , Nakaggwa Florence , Nazziwa Ritah , Nalunga Sanyu , Nasiima Ritah , Nyagabyaki Catherine , Sebunya Robert , Latigi Grace , Pirio Patricia , Ahmadzai Malalay , Ojom Lawrence , Nabwami Immaculate , Burgoine Kathy , Blencowe Hannah 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of secondary and tertiary level neonatal interventions on neonatal mortality over a period of 11 years.DesignInterrupted time series analysis.SettingNsambya Hospital, Uganda.InterventionsNeonatal secondary interventions (phase I, 2007–2014) and tertiary level interventions (phase II, 2015–2020).ParticipantsNeonates.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome: neonatal mortality. Secondary outcome: case fatality rate (CFR) for prematurity, neonatal sepsis and asphyxia.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 25 316 neonates were admitted, of which 1853 (7.3%) died. The average inpatient mortality reduced from 8.2% during phase I to 5.7% during phase II (p=0.001). The CFR for prematurity reduced from 16.2% to 9.2% (p=0.001). There was a trend in reduction for the CFR of perinatal asphyxia from 14.9% to 13.0% (p=0.34). The CFR for sepsis had a more than a twofold increase (3%–6.8% p=0.001) between phase I and phase II.ConclusionImplementation of secondary and tertiary neonatal care in resource-limited settings is feasible. This study shows that these interventions can significantly reduce the neonatal mortality, with the largest impact seen in the reduction of deaths from perinatal asphyxia and prematurity. An increase in sepsis related deaths was observed, suggesting emphasis on infection control is key.
Cancer treatment decision-making among parents of paediatric oncology patients in Guatemala: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Graetz Dylan E , Rivas Silvia , Wang Huiqi , Vedaraju Yuvanesh , Ferrara Gia , Fuentes Lucia , Cáceres-Serrano Ana , Antillon-Klussmann Federico , Devidas Meenakshi , Metzger Monika , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Mack Jennifer W 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo examine treatment decision-making priorities and experiences among parents of children with cancer in Guatemala.SettingThis study was conducted at Guatemala’s National Pediatric Cancer Center in Guatemala City.ParticipantsSpanish-speaking parents of paediatric patients (≤18 years of age) diagnosed with any form of cancer within the 8 weeks prior to study enrolment. The quantitative portion of this study included 100 parent participants; the qualitative component included 20 parents. Most participants were Catholic or Evangelical Spanish-speaking mothers.OutcomesPriorities and experiences of cancer treatment decision-making including decision-making role and experienced regret.ResultsA range of paediatric ages and cancer diagnoses were included. Most Guatemalan parents surveyed (70%) made decisions about their child’s cancer together and almost all (94%) without input from their community. Surveyed parents predominately preferred shared decision-making with their child’s oncologist (76%), however 69% agreed it was best not to be provided with many options. Two-thirds of surveyed parents (65%) held their preferred role in decision-making, with fathers more likely to hold their preferred role than mothers (p=0.02). A small number of parents (11%) experienced heightened decisional regret, which did not correlate with socio-demographic characteristics or preferred decision-making role. Qualitative results supported quantitative findings, demonstrating a decision-making process that emphasised trust and honesty.ConclusionsGuatemalan parents preferred to make decisions with their medical team and appreciated providers who were honest and inclusive, but directive about decisions. This study reinforces the importance of the provider–parent relationship and encourages clinicians in all settings to ask about and honour each parent’s desired role in decision-making.
Depression, stigma and social isolation: the psychosocial trifecta of primary chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a cross-sectional and path analysis
Authors: Drenkard Cristina , Theis Kristina A , Daugherty Timothy T , Helmick Charles G , Dunlop-Thomas Charmayne , Bao Gaobin , Aspey Laura , Lewis Tené T , Lim S Sam 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveDepression is common in individuals with chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE). However, how CCLE may impact patients’ psychological well-being is poorly understood, particularly among disproportionally affected populations. We examined the relationships between depression and psychosocial factors in a cohort of predominantly Black patients with primary CCLE (CCLE without systemic manifestations).MethodsCross-sectional assessment of individuals with dermatologist-validated diagnosis of primary CCLE. NIH-PROMIS short-forms were used to measure depression, disease-related stigma, social isolation and emotional support. Linear regression analyses (ɑ=0.05) were used to test an a priori conceptual model of the relationship between stigma and depression and the effect of social isolation and emotional support on that association.ResultsAmong 121 participants (87.6% women; 85.1% Black), 37 (30.6%) reported moderate to severe depression. Distributions of examined variables divided equally among those which did (eg, work status, stigma (more), social isolation (more), emotional support (less)) and did not (eg, age, sex, race, marital status) significantly differ by depression. Stigma was significantly associated with depression (b=0.77; 95% CI0.65 to 0.90), whereas social isolation was associated with both stigma (b=0.85; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.97) and depression (b=0.70; 95% CI0.58 to 0.92). After controlling for confounders, stigma remained associated with depression (b=0.44; 95% CI0.23 to 0.66) but lost significance (b=0.12; 95% CI −0.14 to 0.39) when social isolation (b=0.40; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.62) was added to the model. Social isolation explained 72% of the total effect of stigma on depression. Emotional support was inversely associated with depression in the univariate analysis; however, no buffer effect was found when it was added to the multivariate model.ConclusionOur findings emphasise the psychosocial challenges faced by individuals living with primary CCLE. The path analysis suggests that stigmatisation and social isolation might lead to depressive symptoms. Early clinical identification of social isolation and public education demystifying CCLE could help reduce depression in patients with CCLE.