bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is known about clinician researcher careers in allied health? A scoping review of the last decade
Authors: Brandenburg Caitlin , Raatz Madeline , Ward Liz 
Published: April 2022

PurposeAlthough the benefits of clinician researchers for health services are now more clearly recognised, their career development is not well understood. Hence, the purpose of this paper, a scoping review, is to determine what has been discussed in the literature about career opportunities for allied health (AH) clinician researchers in health services.Design/methodology/approachA structured literature search was completed in December 2020 for literature published 2010–2020 in English. A total of 2,171 unique abstracts were found and screened by two reviewers and 206 articles progressed to full text screening.FindingsForty-six studies were ultimately included; however, only two of these had aims directly related to AH clinician researcher careers, with the remainder containing only incidental data on this topic. Over half (56.5%) of the included studies were conducted in Australia, with a variety of AH professions represented. In terms of research design, 52.2% used cross-sectional survey designs, while case studies and qualitative research designs were also common. Key observations were that varying terminology and definitions were used, and there was little information about the inclusion of research in clinical positions or opportunities for formal clinical researcher positions in health services. There was some evidence to support that there are limited career opportunities after PhD completion, and that current career pathways are insufficient. There was conflicting evidence on whether engagement in research is beneficial for clinical career progression.Originality/valueThis review highlights a lack of research on this topic and outlines future directions to better support career pathways for AH clinician researchers.
Linguistic imperialism: countering anti Black racism in world language teacher preparation
Authors: Austin Tasha 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to highlight the planning, process and results of drawing on engaged pedagogy to humanize Blackness in world language (WL) teacher education. The activities were designed to center lived experiences, augment self-reflection and model instructional differentiation for WL preservice teachers (PSTs).

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative research paper uses a self-study in teacher education practices (S-STEP) method. It explores how tailored resources, peer and self-assessments and a responsive environment can increase awareness of antiBlackness in instruction and curricula among WL PSTs during a semester-long methods course.

Findings
Findings suggest that centering Blackness in WL methods initiates an awareness of antiBlack racism in WL pedagogy through opportunities for self-reflection and accountability through assessment. To varying degrees, participants demonstrated shifts in their understanding and valuing of Blackness in WL instruction as facilitated through a differentiated environment in which PSTs had access both to the instructor and to one another’s critical feedback.

Originality/value
Linguicism through antiBlack linguistic racism, native speakerism, idealized whiteness and other constructs has been demonstrated to decrease Black and minoritized participation in language teaching. What has yet to be addressed is this same pushout from an inclusive Black diasporic approach to WL teacher preparation. This study highlights nationalism, ableism, accentism, racism, anti-immigrant sentiments and racial stereotypes as different entry points to understanding antiBlackness within WL teacher preparation.
Leveraging mega-threats to reduce prejudice: a model for multi-level changes
Authors: Waples Ethan P. , Botsford Morgan Whitney 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe paper introduces a multi-level model to reduce prejudice through supporting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) at the institutional, organizational, and individual levels. The purpose of the model is to provide theoretically undergirded pathways to explain how societal events calling for systemic changes in DEI practices can engage and inculcate such systemic changes in organizations and institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe model draws upon macro-level (i.e. institutional theory and institutional logics) theories from sociology and strategic management, meso-level theories from leadership and strategy, and micro-level organizational behavior and human resource management theories.FindingsResting on open systems theory (Katz and Kahn, 1966) as a backdrop, the authors address how institutional changes result in organizational level changes driving multi-level outcomes of increased DEI, reduced prejudice in work-related settings, and performance gains. The authors suggest the recursive nature of the model can trigger institutional level shifts in logics or result in isomorphic pressures that further change organizational fields and organizations.Originality/valueThe contribution rests in a multi-level examination to help understand how environmental pressures can motivate organizations to enact broader changes related to social justice, specifically increasing efforts in DEI inside the operational aspects of the organization. By enacting these changes, the authors suggest the resultant positive changes in organizations will enhance culture and performance, creating isomorphic pressure for industry wide changes that may begin to move the needle on addressing systemic problems that feed prejudicial behavior in the workplace.
Potential sport tourists’ decision-making during the pandemic
Authors: Cho Heetae , Joo Dongoh , Koh Jin Kai 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study examined potential sport tourists’ decision-making regarding a sporting event rescheduled due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn extended model of goal-directed behavior – encompassing the perception of COVID-19, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, positive anticipated emotion, negative anticipated emotion, desire and behavioral intention – was built and tested using survey data and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe perception of COVID-19 significantly influenced attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and positive anticipated emotion, which then collectively led to desire. Desire, alongside optimism bias, had a substantial impact on behavioral intention. However, the perception of COVID-19 was not related to negative anticipated emotion.Originality/valueThe findings highlight the roles that optimism bias and the perception of COVID-19 play in shaping individuals’ intentions to engage in sport tourism, suggesting how marketers and managers of sporting events should respond to the pandemic.
Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass: A revisional procedure for failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Elmahdy Tamer M. , Elsherpiny Waleed Y. , Barakat Hossam B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe indications for bariatric surgery revision are weight loss failure, complications or weight regain so laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass (LOAGB) is a promising revisional bariatric procedure for failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).AIM OF STUDYThe aim was to evaluate LOAGB as a revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG regarding weight loss, improvement in comorbidities and complications.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis prospective study was carried out at the Gastrointestinal and Laparoscopic Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Tanta University, between Jan 2018 and June 2019. It included 40 patients who underwent LOAGB as a revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG.RESULTSThe study population included 32 females and 8 males with a mean age of 28.20 ± 7.22 years. The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 45.54 ± 5.24 kg/m2. The mean operative time was 80.59 ± 35.42 min and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.35 days. Neither conversion to open or to other bariatric procedures, nor mortality occurred. Revisional surgery was performed 45 ± 10.5 months after primary LSG Concomitant procedures were cholecystectomy in 4 patients (10%) and re‐sleeve for wide proximal pouch occurred in 15 patients (37.5%). Early complications were encountered in 4 patients (10%), intraluminal bleeding was recorded in 1 patient (2.5%). Late complications included 8 patients (20%). The mean postoperative excess body weight loss percent achieved was 45.23 ± 12.35 at 1 year, 58.85 ± 14.60 at 2 years. The mean BMI achieved was 34.52 ± 4.26 at 1 year, 29.37 ± 6.95 at 2 years.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass is an easy, safe and effective revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG producing satisfactory weight loss and improvement or resolution of comorbidities with low perioperative complications.
Method development and optimization for measuring chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities
Authors: Liu Keshun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtease inhibitors of protein nature are rich in seeds of legume crops. There are two common types: Kunitz inhibitor, which mainly inhibits trypsin, and Bowman–Birk inhibitor, which inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin. Historically, trypsin inhibitor activity in legume products has been of primary interest for measurement. However, as plant proteins are increasingly used for food or feed in recent years, there is a growing interest in monitoring chymotrypsin inhibitor activity (CIA) in these products as well. Reported methods for CIA assay vary greatly and are incompletely described. No standardized or official method is available. The present study focused on developing a robust method for accurately measuring CIA, using N‐benzoyl‐L‐tyrosine p‐nitroanilide (BTpNA) as a substrate. Since BTpNA is not water soluble, a water‐miscible organic solvent must be present. After investigating the effects of several factors, such as absorption spectra, organic solvent type and concentration, substrate and enzyme concentrations, inhibitor levels (which affected % chymotrypsin inhibition), the sequence of adding reagents, extractant and extraction time, and so forth, an optimized method for CIA measurement was finally developed. It features dimethylformamide as the organic solvent, the enzyme‐last sequence, 5 ml total assay volume, and calculation of the inhibitor activity based on 40% chymotrypsin inhibition. The method can also be slightly modified for measuring chymotrypsin activity. The robust performance of the method was verified by measuring 11 assorted protein products, paving a way for standardization.Practical ApplicationWith an increasing use of plant proteins, there is an urgent need to measure chymotrypsin inhibitor activity in various protein products with accuracy. After thoroughly investigating several factors, an optimized method for measuring chymotrypsin inhibitor activity in various protein products was developed. The proposed method is sensitive and robust, providing a basis for standardization. It can also be used for measuring chymotrypsin activity.
Treatment outcomes of patients with stage III non–small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases receiving intensity‐modulated radiation therapy: A single‐center experience of 85 cases
Authors: Wu Linfang , Zhao Shijun , Huang Hui , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Tao , Zhou Zongmei , Feng Qinfu , Liang Jun , Xiao Zefen , Hui Zhouguang , Lv Jima , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhether curative‐intent radiotherapy could be safely applied to lung cancer patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) remains unclear. We aim to evaluate radiation induced lung toxicities (RILTs) and the efficacy of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in these patients. ILD is characterized by inflammation or fibrosis in the interstitial tissue of the lung.Materials and MethodsStage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD patients treated with curative‐intent IMRT between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Pre‐radiation computed tomography (CT) was scored according to a thin‐section CT scoring system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.ResultsA total of 85 of 1261 stage III NSCLC patients were found with ILD. Seventeen (20%) of them developed G3+ (greater than or equal to grade 3) RILTs. The incidence abruptly dropped to 11.1%, 3.8%, and 0% for patients with honeycombing score ≤1, V20 <20%, or both, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that honeycombing score >1 and V20 ≥20% were independently associated with higher risk of G3+ RILTs. The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 14.0 months and 7.4 months in the whole group, whereas 26.5 months and 10.6 months in the low‐risk group (patients with honeycombing score <1 and V20 <20%). In the univariate analysis for overall survival, G3+ RILTs were evaluated as risk factors (p = 0.026) and low‐risk group as the only protective factor (p = 0.063). In the multivariate analysis, G3+ RILTs were the only independent risk factor for OS.ConclusionHoneycombing score >1 and V20 ≥20% were associated with high incidence of RILTs. However, patients with low risk might benefit from IMRT with acceptable toxicities and durable OS.
Clinical xenotransplantation seems close: Ethical issues persist
Authors: Entwistle John W. , Sade Robert M. , Drake Daniel H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScientific barriers that have prevented successful xenotransplantation are being breached, yet many ethical issues remain. Some are broad issues that accompany the adoption of novel and expensive technologies, and some are unique to xenotransplantation. Major ethical questions include areas such as: viral transmission; zoonoses and lifetime surveillance; interfering with nature; efficacy, access, and expense; treatment of animals; regulation and oversight.
Hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Differences between central venous catheters and arterio‐venous fistulas
Authors: Cunha Mayara Dumont , Ottoni Marcelo Henrique Fernandes , da Silva Natalia Cristina , Araújo Samuel Jorge Teixeira , Duarte Rita Carolina Figueiredo , Lucas Thabata Coaglio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailure to mature the fistula in patients undergoing hemodialysis leads to prolonged use of the central venous catheter (CVC) and can compromise the patency of the catheter and the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) due to thrombus development.ObjectiveTo evaluate hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis with prolonged use of CVC or AVF.MethodCross‐sectional study with a total of 200 adult participants who were divided into the following groups: I:control; II: patients who had 5–8 months of CVC insertion; III: patients who had 9–36 months of insertion; IV patients who had 5–8 months of AVF; and V: patients who had 9–36 months of AVF. Platelet activation was investigated by expressions of GPIIb/IIIa and p‐selectin using flow cytometry. The Elisa‐thrombomodulin (TM) test was used to compare groups III and V.ResultsThe p‐selectin percentage expression of group I was 15.30 (12.30–16.80), II 23.25 (20.75–30.55); and III 54.00 (44.75–59.29) were significant (p < 0.001). Groups I, IV, and V were also significant (p < 0.001). The median fluorescence for GPIIb/IIIa for groups I, II, and III were significant (p < 0.0001). As for the Elisa test, an increased absorbance of TM was verified in patients who used the CVC 4372 (3951–4733) compared with those patients who used the AVF 2162 (1932–2485) (p < 0.0001).ConclusionIt can be concluded that CVC patients had a larger platelet expression of GPIIb/IIIa and p‐selectin than AVF patients. The high concentration of TM in CVC patients may suggest a greater stimulation of the intrinsic than extrinsic coagulation pathways.
Cognitive and behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without Attention‐Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Rosello Rocio , Martinez‐Raga Jose , Tomas Jose Manuel , Mira Alvaro , Cortese Samuele 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding the developmental trajectories of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without comorbid ADHD is relevant to tailor care plans. This prospective study assessed, for the first time, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and learning outcomes in adolescence of children with ASD−ADHD and in those with ASD+ADHD in childhood. Possible predictors of severity of ASD core symptoms in adolescence were also evaluated.MethodsForty‐five adolescents without intellectual disability, 26 diagnosed in childhood with ASD−ADHD and 19 with ASD+ADHD, were evaluated at baseline (mean age: 8.6 ± 1.3) and at 5‐year follow‐up (mean age: 12.9 ± 0.9). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on executive functions, theory of mind (ToM), emotional/behavioral difficulties (EBD), and learning style at both time points..ResultsOverall different developmental trajectories for the two groups were found. In general, deficits in metacognition processes, ToM skills, EBD, and learning abilities were more pronounced in the ASD+ group. Over time, the ASD+ADHD group, but not the ASD−ADHD, tended to improve in EBD and metacognition but their level of development continued to be lower compared with ASD+ADHD. EBD in childhood were significant predictors of autism core symptoms of adolescents.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of an early identification of comorbid ADHD symptoms in ASD to offer treatment strategies based on specific developmental trajectories.
Methyl benzoate and cinnamate analogs as modulators of DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Castro‐Vazquez Diana , Sánchez‐Carranza Jessica Nayelli , Alvarez Laura , Juárez‐Mercado Karina Eurídice , Sánchez‐Cruz Noberto , Medina‐Franco José L. , Antunez‐Mojica Mayra , González‐Maya Leticia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhenolic acids represent a large collection of phytochemical molecules present in the plant kingdom; they have an important role as epigenetic regulators, particularly as inhibitors of DNA methylation. In the present study, 14 methyl benzoate and cinnamate analogs were synthesized (11–24). Their cytotoxic activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) and immortalized human hepatocyte cells was then evaluated. In addition, its effect on the inhibition of global DNA methylation in Hep3B was also determined. Our results showed that the cinnamic derivatives 11–14 and 20–22 were more potent than the free caffeic acid (IC50 109.7–364.2 µM), being methyl 3,4‐dihydroxycinammate (12) the most active with an IC50 = 109.7 ± 0.8 µM. Furthermore, 11–14, 20–23 compounds decreased overall DNA methylation levels by 63% to 97%. The analogs methyl 4‐hydroxycinnamate (11), methyl 3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamate (14), methyl 4‐methoxycinnamate (21), and methyl 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamate (22) showed relevant activities of both cytotoxicity and global DNA methylation inhibition. The molecular docking of 21 and 14 suggested that they partly bind to the SAH‐binding pocket of DNA methyltransferase 1. These results emphasize the importance of natural products and their analogs as potential sources of DNA methylation modulating agents.
A meta‐analysis of forgiveness education interventions’ effects on forgiveness and anger in children and adolescents
Authors: Rapp Hannah , Wang Xu Jiahe , Enright Robert D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForgiveness education interventions instruct children and adolescents in understanding forgiveness and its role in healthy relationships. In this meta‐analytic review, 20 studies involving 1472 youth (51% female; Mage = 11.66) from 10 countries (studies: 40% North American, 25% East Asian, 20% Middle Eastern, 15% European) were retrieved to determine forgiveness education interventions’ effects on youth outcomes. Hedges’ g and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. Findings suggest that forgiveness education interventions have a significant positive effect on forgiveness (g = 0.54, 95% CI [0.36, 0.73]) and anger (g = 0.29, 95% CI [0.11, 0.47]). Results lend support to the idea that children and adolescents who experience hurt from the unjust actions of others may benefit from learning about the process of forgiveness.
Are victims of bullying primarily social outcasts? Person‐group dissimilarities in relational, socio‐behavioral, and physical characteristics as predictors of victimization
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Laninga‐Wijnen Lydia , Lodder Gerine M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExisting literature has mostly explained the occurrence of bullying victimization by individual socioemotional maladjustment. Instead, this study tested the person‐group dissimilarity model (Wright et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50: 523–536, 1986) by examining whether individuals’ deviation from developmentally important (relational, socio‐behavioral, and physical) descriptive classroom norms predicted victimization. Adolescents (N = 1267, k = 56 classrooms; Mage = 13.2; 48.7% boys; 83.4% Dutch) provided self‐reported and peer‐nomination data throughout one school year (three timepoints). Results from group actor–partner interdependence models indicated that more person‐group dissimilarity in relational characteristics (fewer friendships; incidence rate ratios [IRR]T2 = 0.28, IRRT3 = 0.16, fewer social media connections; IRRT3 = 0.13) and, particularly, lower disruptive behaviors (IRRT2 = 0.35, IRRT3 = 0.26) predicted victimization throughout the school year.
A syndrome of severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, failure to thrive, dysmorphism, and thinning of corpus callosum maps to chromosome 7q21.13‐q21.3
Authors: Halperin Daniel , Agam Nadav , Hallak Maher , Feinstein Miora , Drabkin Max , Yogev Yuval , Wormser Ohad , Shavit Eitan , Gradstein Libe , Shelef Ilan , Mijalovsky Aanalia , Flusser Hagit , Birk Ohad S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSix individuals of consanguineous Bedouin kindred presented at infancy with an autosomal recessive syndrome of severe global developmental delay, positive pyramidal signs, unique dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and severe failure to thrive with normal birth weights. Patients had a profound intellectual disability and cognitive impairment with almost no acquired developmental milestones by 12 months. Early‐onset axial hypotonia evolved with progressive muscle weakness, reduced muscle tone, and hyporeflexia. Craniofacial dysmorphism consisted of a triangular face with a prominent forehead and midface hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated thinning of the corpus callosum and paucity of white matter. Genome‐wide linkage analysis identified a single ~4 Mbp disease‐associated locus on chromosome 7q21.13‐q21.3 (LOD score>5). Whole‐exome and genome sequencing identified no nonsynonymous pathogenic biallelic variants in any of the genes within this locus. Following the exclusion of partially resembling syndromes, we now describe a novel autosomal recessive syndrome mapped to a ~4Mbp locus on chromosome 7.