bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect a-theorem and a-maximization
Authors: Wang Yifan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Conformal defects describe the universal behaviors of a conformal field theory (CFT) in the presence of a boundary or more general impurities. The coupled critical system is characterized by new conformal anomalies which are analogous to, and generalize those of standalone CFTs. Here we study the conformal a- and c-anomalies of four dimensional defects in CFTs of general spacetime dimensions greater than four. We prove that under unitary defect renormalization group (RG) flows, the defect a-anomaly must decrease, thus establishing the defect a-theorem. For conformal defects preserving minimal supersymmetry, the full defect symmetry contains a distinguished U(1)R subgroup. We derive the anomaly multiplet relations that express the defect a- and c-anomalies in terms of the defect (mixed) ’t Hooft anomalies for this U(1)R symmetry. Once the U(1)R symmetry is identified using the defect a-maximization principle which we prove, this enables a non-perturbative pathway to the conformal anomalies of strongly coupled defects. We illustrate our methods by discussing a number of examples including boundaries in five dimensions and codimension-two defects in six dimensions. We also comment on chiral algebra sectors of defect operator algebras and potential conformal collider bounds on defect anomalies.
Haplotype mapping uncovers unexplored variation in wild and domesticated soybean at the major protein locus cqProt-003
Authors: Marsh Jacob I. , Hu Haifei , Petereit Jakob , Bayer Philipp E. , Valliyodan Babu , Batley Jacqueline , Nguyen Henry T. , Edwards David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Key message
The major soy protein QTL, cqProt-003, was analysed for haplotype diversity and global distribution, and results indicate 304 bp deletion and variable tandem repeats in protein coding regions are likely causal candidates.

Abstract
Here, we present association and linkage analysis of 985 wild, landrace and cultivar soybean accessions in a pan genomic dataset to characterize the major high-protein/low-oil associated locus cqProt-003 located on chromosome 20. A significant trait-associated region within a 173 kb linkage block was identified, and variants in the region were characterized, identifying 34 high confidence SNPs, 4 insertions, 1 deletion and a larger 304 bp structural variant in the high-protein haplotype. Trinucleotide tandem repeats of variable length present in the second exon of gene Glyma.20G085100 are strongly correlated with the high-protein phenotype and likely represent causal variation. Structural variation has previously been found in the same gene, for which we report the global distribution of the 304 bp deletion and have identified additional nested variation present in high-protein individuals. Mapping variation at the cqProt-003 locus across demographic groups suggests that the high-protein haplotype is common in wild accessions (94.7%), rare in landraces (10.6%) and near absent in cultivated breeding pools (4.1%), suggesting its decrease in frequency primarily correlates with domestication and continued during subsequent improvement. However, the variation that has persisted in under-utilized wild and landrace populations holds high breeding potential for breeders willing to forego seed oil to maximize protein content. The results of this study include the identification of distinct haplotype structures within the high-protein population, and a broad characterization of the genomic context and linkage patterns of cqProt-003 across global populations, supporting future functional characterization and modification.
Isolierte bilaterale kranielle Hundebissverletzung bei einem Neugeborenen
Authors: Doberentz Elke , Wegner Anja , Madea Burkhard 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch Hundeangriffe können lebensgefährliche Verletzungen verursacht werden. Die Lokalisationen von Hundebissen korrelieren mit dem Alter und den motorischen Fähigkeiten des Opfers. Bei Kindern unter 6 Jahren finden sich im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen und älteren Kindern häufiger schwere Bisswunden, v. a. im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Es wird der Fall eines 20 Tage alten Neugeborenen mit einer schweren Form der Osteogenesis imperfecta vorgestellt, das mit 2 Hunden allein gelassen und attackiert wurde und eine isolierte, bilaterale Kopfschwartenverletzung und intrakranielle Verletzungen erlitt. Besonderheiten von Hundebissen werden mit besonderem Augenmerk auf Säuglinge und Kinder diskutiert. Isolierte schwere Kopfverletzungen nach Hundebissen sind ein seltenes Phänomen.
Settlements in corporate bribery cases: an illusion of choice?
Authors: Søreide Tina , Vagle Kasper 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite prosecutors’ difficulties in proving corporate bribery, nearly all enforcement actions end with a settlement at the pretrial stage. Compared to court proceedings, settlement-based enforcement provide prosecutors with flexibility to reward offenders’ self-reporting and cooperation, and reach quicker conclusions to complex cases. In this article, we explain, such enforcement needs regulation to minimize potentially harmful side-effects. When the difference between a court and settlement sanction exceeds a certain size, the alleged offender accepts a settlement regardless of actual responsibility of misconduct. For the prosecutor, the option of offering a lenient settlement means weaker incentives to ascertain the material facts of the case. Society receives less information about the blameworthy act, little opportunity to evaluate the sanction, and less reason to expect sanctions to deter bribery. We show why such consequences result in under-deterrence of bribery and weaker rule of law. The use of settlement may have a self-escalating effect because the enforcement mode can reduce the predictability of the law, while a defendant’s inclination to accept a settlement offer depends on the predictability of the law. Our results suggest that United Kingdom’s current escalation of enforcement of corporate bribery laws will lead to a mixture of settlements and court decisions, while in the United States firms will continue to negotiate settlements as if there were no opportunity to have their cases tested in court.
A retrieval challenge exercise for the Ariel mission
Authors: Barstow Joanna K. , Changeat Quentin , Chubb Katy L. , Cubillos Patricio E. , Edwards Billy , MacDonald Ryan J. , Min Michiel , Waldmann Ingo P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Ariel mission, due to launch in 2029, will obtain spectroscopic information for 1000 exoplanets, providing an unprecedented opportunity for comparative exoplanetology. Retrieval codes - parameteric atmospheric models coupled with an inversion algorithm - represent the tool of choice for interpreting Ariel data. Ensuring that reliable and consistent results can be produced by these tools is a critical preparatory step for the mission. Here, we present the results of a retrieval challenge. We use five different exoplanet retrieval codes to analyse the same synthetic datasets, and test a) the ability of each to recover the correct input solution and b) the consistency of the results. We find that generally there is very good agreement between the five codes, and in the majority of cases the correct solutions are recovered. This demonstrates the reproducibility of retrievals for transit spectra of exoplanets, even when codes are not previously benchmarked against each other.
Mass removal efficiencies in water and consequences after a river diversion into coastal wetlands: second thoughts
Authors: Turner R. Eugene , Swenson Erick M. , Lee James M. , Milan Charles S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSalinity control, nutrient additions, and sediment supply were directly or indirectly the rationale for a $220 million coastal wetland restoration project (Davis Pond River Diversion) that began in 2002. We sampled Mississippi River water going in and out of the receiving basin from 1999 to 2018 to understand why wetland loss increased after it began. There was a reduction in inorganic sediments, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations within the ponding area of 77%, 39% and 34%, respectively, which is similar to that in other wetlands. But the average sediment accumulation of 0.6 mm year−1 inadequately balances the present-day 5.6 mm year−1 sea level rise or the 7.9 ± 0.13 mm year−1 accretion rates in these organic soils. Nutrients added likely reduced live belowground biomass and soil strength, and increased decomposition of the organic matter necessary to sustain elevations. The eutrophication of the downstream aquatic system from the diversion, principally by P additions, increased Chl a concentrations to a category of ‘poor’ water quality. We conclude that this diversion, if continued, will be a negative influence on wetland area and will eutrophy the estuary. It is a case history example for understanding the potential effects arising from proposed river diversions.
Promoting access to decent work: career counselors’ experiences with career construction counseling
Authors: Dalene Kirsten Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article is based on career counselors’ experiences with how career construction counseling (CCC) can benefit clients, and the results are discussed according to the psychological perspective of decent work in the psychology of working theory (PWT). The article argues that CCC can promote access to decent work by creating inward and outward meaning making, which refer to internal anchoring promoting the will to change. Hence, CCC’s focus on the individual, together with contextualization, is considered a strength regardless of culture. Additionally, the article suggests that career counselors may affect whether CCC ultimately promotes access to decent work.
TGF-β activates NLRP3 inflammasome by an autocrine production of TGF-β in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Kang Hwansu , Seo Eunhui , Oh Yoon Sin , Jun Hee-Sook 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of liver disease, and inflammasome activation has been identified as a major contributor to the amplification of liver inflammation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key regulator of liver physiology, contributing to all stages of liver disease. We investigated whether TGF-β is involved in inflammasome-mediated fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells. Treatment with TGF-β increased priming of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by increasing NLRP3 levels and activating TAK1-NF-kB signaling. Moreover, TGF-β increased the expression of p-Smad2/3-NOX4 in LX-2 cells and consequently increased ROS content, which is a trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Elevated expression of NEK7 and active caspase-1 was also shown in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells, and this level was reduced by (5Z)-oxozeaenol, a TAK inhibitor. Finally, TGF-β-treated cells significantly increased TGF-β secretion levels, and their production was inhibited by IL-1β receptor antagonist treatment. In conclusion, TGF-β may represent an endogenous danger signal to the active NLRP3 inflammasome, by which IL-1β mediates TGF-β expression in an autocrine manner. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising approach for the development of therapies for TGF-β-induced liver fibrosis.
Ecohydrology and flood risk management under climate vulnerability in relation to the sustainable development goals (SDGs): a case study in Nagaa Mobarak Village, Egypt
Authors: Aly Marwa M. , Refay Neveen H. , Elattar Hoda , Morsy Karim M. , Bandala Erick R. , Zein Samir A. , Mostafa Mohamed K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article aims to provide a thorough assessment of water quality and quantity incorporating the estimation of future patterns as a result of climate change from economic, environmental and social perspectives. Its scope extends from studying the physical parameters and rainfall patterns to maintaining an environmental flow with a better water quality using ecohydrological techniques. The village of Nagaa Mobarak in Souhag, Egypt, is taken as a case study being in a critical location that is vulnerable to flash floods. This paper managed to quantify change in water quantity and quality due to the impacts of flash floods and climate change. Several traditional engineering alternatives are proposed for flood management such as constructing a dam, a storage pond and a routing channel to the nearest water body; as well as non-traditional ecohydrological alternatives such as constructing a dam with vegetated foreshore, natural levees and constructed wetlands. The results of applying these methods for our case study showed that a hybrid solution that employs both traditional and non-traditional solutions for flood management is optimal. A constructed wetland along a section of the constructed channel for diverting flow into the Nagaa Hammade Canal would decrease the runoff volume and peak time so that the capacity of the Canal is not exceeded in a flood event and purifies the incoming stormwater improving its quality and the health of the ecosystem within the canal. Moreover, our proposed approach was investigated and found to target 10 out of the 17 UN SDGs.
Topological duals of locally convex function spaces
Authors: Pennanen Teemu , Perkkiö Ari-Pekka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies topological duals of locally convex function spaces that are natural generalizations of Fréchet and Banach function spaces. The dual is identified with the direct sum of another function space, a space of purely finitely additive measures and the annihilator of $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

. This allows for quick proofs of various classical as well as new duality results e.g. in Lebesgue, Musielak–Orlicz, Orlicz–Lorentz space and spaces associated with convex risk measures. Beyond Banach and Fréchet spaces, we obtain completeness and duality results in general paired spaces of random variables.
Effectiveness of a patient-centred sleep study report in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Srinivasan Meera , Duncan Joseph M. , Hibbert Michael W. O. , Joffe David , Mohammadieh Anna M. , Cohen Gary L. , Cistulli Peter A. , Chan Andrew S. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition with a range of short- and long-term health implications. Providing patient-centred care is a key principle to ensure patients are well informed and empowered to participate in clinical decision making. This study aimed to develop a patient-centred sleep study report for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and to determine whether or not its implementation led to improved patient understanding of their disease.

Methods
The study was performed in two phases. The first phase utilised the Delphi-survey technique to develop and critically appraise a patient-centred sleep study report (PCSR) for patients with OSA, to accurately and simply convey key components of the patient’s diagnosis and management. The second phase was a prospective, randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of the PCSR on patient knowledge, self-efficacy, and understanding as measured through validated patient questionnaires.

Results
The PCSR was developed on key concepts deemed to be important by the surveyed physicians, senior sleep scientists and patients. This included ensuring the results were customised, highlighting the patient’s apnoea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index and arousal index and limiting technical information to a few key pieces. Patients randomised to receive the PCSR had improved understanding and perceived patient-physician interaction compared to those randomised to standard care.

Conclusion
The development and implementation of the PCSR was feasible and improved patient understanding and perceived patient-physician interaction in patients with moderate to severe OSA. Whether or not use of the PCSR will translate to improved compliance with therapy will require further evaluation.
Thiel embalming in neonates: methodology and benefits in medical training
Authors: Sanchez-Ferrer Francisco , Grima-Murcia Maria Dolores , Sánchez-del-Campo Francisco , Sánchez-Ferrer Maria Luisa , Fernández-Jover Eduardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent teaching and training methods for surgical techniques in the pediatric population involve artificial models (manikins), animals or adult human cadavers embalmed using various techniques. We found no references in the literature concerning the use of the Thiel method in the pediatric population. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the viability of using pediatric human cadavers embalmed through Thiel’s technique and to compare them with standard pediatric manikins. After donation of a 24-week stillborn, the Thiel technique was carried out for fixation following the usual protocol. A video recording with eye-tracking glasses was used to perform an examination, and techniques. The same procedures were conducted on a pediatric manikin. Medical students, medical residents and physicians were asked to respond to questions in an online survey after being shown the video. A total of 92 responses were obtained. The Thiel-embalmed stillborn was assessed as superior to the manikin in all items. Our study confirmed that this technique is feasible even with extremely small donors. The value of this form of preservation for medical training is not widely known though it is receiving increasing interest. Our results show that Thiel fixation in pediatrics is clearly more highly valued than a manikin and offers great potential. This innovative application of the Thiel method in the pediatric population is technically possible. It poses no additional difficulties and is very positively assessed for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
Condylar Reshape in Orthognathic Surgery: Morphovolumetric and Densitometric Analysis Based on 3D Imaging and Digital Workflow
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Audino Giovanni , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni , Friscia Marco , Bonavolontà Paola , Lo Faro Carmelo , Committeri Umberto , Cuéllar Carlos Navarro , Iaconetta Giorgio , Califano Luigi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Condylar remodelling (CR) is a complex of phenomena that generates in response of the temporo-mandibular joint to forces and stress to maintain a morphological, functional and occlusal homeostasis. The most worrying aspect of the condylar reshape is the condylar resorption which implies fast loss of vertical dimension (>6% of pre-surgical value), mandibular retraction and open bite with preserved articular function.

Materials and Methods
Six parameters were analysed to study the condyles of twelve patients that underwent orthognathic surgery. The digital workflow was then described to make it reproducible enabling a more in-depth study of the reshaping processes that involving the condyle after a great stress like the surgery.

Results
The results of our study showed many statistically significant variations of the studied parameters. In all patients, it was noticed a decreased bone density (p = 0,002 per side).

Objectives
The aim of our study, with the aid of the contemporary 3D imaging and digital modelling and workflow technologies, is to investigate and analyse quantitatively and qualitatively the adaptative processes occurring in CR following bimaxillary repositioning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only paper that investigates the CR considering six different variables at once.
Does the Brain Think?
Authors: Owesen Erlend Winderen Finke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is common in cognitive science to ascribe psychological predicates to the brain, i.e. to assert that the brain sees, feels, thinks, etc. This has prompted philosophical debate. According to the Nonsense View, the relevant locutions of cognitive scientists are nonsensical or false (Bennett and Hacker 2003, 2007). According to the Literal View, they are literal truths and report the psychological properties of brains (Dennett 2007; Crane 2015; Figdor 2018). In this paper, I propose the Synecdoche View, according to which cognitive scientists’ locutions are figurative, with ‘brain’ referring to the human being, such that ‘the brain thinks’ reports the thinking of the human being, not the thinking of the brain. I compare this view to the dominant views in the literature and argue that it is a plausible alternative. One consequence of this is that there is no reason to believe that the locutions of cognitive scientists indicate empirical support for the claim that brains possess psychological properties.
Human microglial models to study HIV infection and neuropathogenesis: a literature overview and comparative analyses
Authors: Gumbs Stephanie B. H. , Kübler Raphael , Gharu Lavina , Schipper Pauline J. , Borst Anne L. , Snijders Gijsje J. L. J. , Ormel Paul R. , van Berlekom Amber Berdenis , Wensing Annemarie M. J. , de Witte Lot D. , Nijhuis Monique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHIV persistence in the CNS despite antiretroviral therapy may cause neurological disorders and poses a critical challenge for HIV cure. Understanding the pathobiology of HIV-infected microglia, the main viral CNS reservoir, is imperative. Here, we provide a comprehensive comparison of human microglial culture models: cultured primary microglia (pMG), microglial cell lines, monocyte-derived microglia (MDMi), stem cell–derived microglia (iPSC-MG), and microglia grown in 3D cerebral organoids (oMG) as potential model systems to advance HIV research on microglia. Functional characterization revealed phagocytic capabilities and responsiveness to LPS across all models. Microglial transcriptome profiles of uncultured pMG showed the highest similarity to cultured pMG and oMG, followed by iPSC-MG and then MDMi. Direct comparison of HIV infection showed a striking difference, with high levels of viral replication in cultured pMG and MDMi and relatively low levels in oMG resembling HIV infection observed in post-mortem biopsies, while the SV40 and HMC3 cell lines did not support HIV infection. Altogether, based on transcriptional similarities to uncultured pMG and susceptibility to HIV infection, MDMi may serve as a first screening tool, whereas oMG, cultured pMG, and iPSC-MG provide more representative microglial culture models for HIV research. The use of current human microglial cell lines (SV40, HMC3) is not recommended.
Memory-based variable neighborhood search for green vehicle routing problem with passing-by drivers: a comprehensive perspective
Authors: Cao Lei , Ye Chun-ming , Cheng Ran , Wang Zhen-kun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA business delivery model with professional vehicles as well as occasional passing-by vehicles is investigated in this paper. The drivers deliver parcels from the distribution center to customers and the passing-by driver can get a certain amount of compensation in return. To give a satisfactory solution from the perspective of platform owner, customers, professional drivers, occasional drivers, and authority, a multi-layer comprehensive model is proposed. To effectively solve the proposed model, we introduce an improved variable neighborhood search (VNS) with a memory-based restart mechanism. The new algorithm is evaluated on instances derived from Solomon’s benchmark and real-life beer delivery instances. Taguchi experiment is used to tune parameters in the proposed VNS, followed by component analysis and real-life experiments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed strategies are effective and the new delivery model in this paper has some advantages over traditional and single-delivery ones from the comprehensive perspectives of stakeholders in the crowdsourcing logistics system.