bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How COVID-19 has impacted access to healthcare and social resources among individuals experiencing homelessness in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Maretzki Maxine , Geiger Rachael , Buxton Jane A 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesIn Canada, individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH) rely on public health and social services for healthcare, food and basic necessities. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected marginalised populations, in part by impacting their access to such services. We performed a scoping review to identify from the published literature how access to services has changed for Canadian IEH during the pandemic.Data sourcesOVID Medline, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL and OVID EmCare databases, and websites for the Salvation Army, Homeless Hub, Canadian Alliance to End Homelessness, Canadian Network for the Health and Housing of People Experiencing Homelessness and BC Centre for Disease Control.Study designWe used the scoping review methodology developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and defined access to healthcare and social services using the 10-component Levesque framework. Academic databases and grey literature searches were used, with the final searches for each taking place 24 May and 1 June 2021, respectively. Data were compiled into an Excel spreadsheet. Title and abstract screening and full-text review were completed by two independent reviewers (RG and MM). Data extraction was completed by MM and cross checked by RG.ResultsIn total, 17 academic and grey literature articles were included. Positive and negative changes in service access were reported in the literature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to social and healthcare resources was generally reduced for Canadian IEH. A new component of access, digital connectivity, was identified. Unexpectedly, coordination and collaboration of services improved, as did the number of outreach services.ConclusionsPositive changes to service access such as improved coordination of services should be scaled up. Further work should be done to improve access to digital technologies for IEH.
Temperature measurement of babies born in the pre-hospital setting: analysis of ambulance service data and qualitative interviews with paramedics
Authors: Goodwin Laura , Voss Sarah , McClelland Graham , Beach Emily , Bedson Adam , Black Sarah , Deave Toity , Miller Nick , Taylor Hazel , Benger Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundBirth before arrival at hospital (BBA) is associated with unfavourable perinatal outcomes and increased mortality. An important risk factor for mortality following BBA is hypothermia, and emergency medical services (EMS) providers are well placed to provide warming strategies. However, research from the UK suggests that EMS providers (paramedics) do not routinely record neonatal temperature following BBA. This study aimed to determine the proportion of cases in which neonatal temperature is documented by paramedics attending BBAs in the South West of England and to explore the barriers to temperature measurement by paramedics.MethodsA two-phase multi-method study. Phase I involved an analysis of anonymised data from electronic patient care records between 1 February 2017 and 31 January 2020 in a single UK ambulance service, to determine 1) the frequency of BBAs attended and 2) the percentage of these births where a neonatal temperature was recorded, and what proportion of these were hypothermic. Phase II involved interviews with 20 operational paramedics from the same ambulance service, to explore their experiences of, and barriers and facilitators to, neonatal temperature measurement and management following BBA.ResultsThere were 1582 ‘normal deliveries’ attended by paramedics within the date range. Neonatal temperatures were recorded in 43/1582 (2.7%) instances, of which 72% were below 36.5°C. Data from interviews suggested several barriers and potential facilitators to paramedic measurement of neonatal temperature. Barriers included unavailable or unsuitable equipment, prioritisation of other care activities, lack of exposure to births, and uncertainty regarding responsibilities and roles. Possible facilitators included better equipment, physical prompts, and training and awareness-raising around the importance of temperature measurement.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a lack of neonatal temperature measurement by paramedics in the South West following BBA, and highlights barriers and facilitators that could serve as a basis for developing an intervention to improve neonatal temperature measurement.
Secure app-based secondary healthcare clinical decision support to deployed forces in the UK Defence Medical Services
Authors: Naumann David N , McMenemy L , Beaven A , Bowley D M , Mountain A , Bartels O , Booker R J 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundModern instant messaging systems facilitate reach-back medical support for Defence Medical Services (DMS) by connecting deployed clinicians to remote specialists. The mobile app Pando (Forward Clinical, UK) has been used for this purpose by the DMS via the ‘Ask Advice’ function. We aimed to investigate the usage statistics for this technology in its first 1000 days to better understand its role in the DMS.MethodsAn observational study was undertaken using metadata extracted from the prospective database within the application server for clinical queries between June 2019 and February 2022. These data included details regarding number and name of specialties, timings, active users per day and the number of conversations.ResultsThere were 29 specialties, with 298 specialist users and 553 requests for advice. The highest volume of requests were for trauma and orthopaedics (n=116; 21.0%), ear, nose and throat (n=67; 12.1%) and dermatology (n=50; 9.0%). There was a median of 164 (IQR 82–257) users logged in per day (range 2–697). The number of requests during each day correlated with the number of users on that day (r=0.221 (95% CI 0.159 to 0.281); p<0.001). There were more daily users on weekdays than weekends (215 (IQR 123–277) vs 88 (IQR 58–121), respectively; p<0.001). For the top 10 specialties, the median first response time was 9 (IQR 3–42) min and the median time to resolution was 105 (IQR 21–1086) min.ConclusionIn the first 1000 days of secure app-based reach-back by the DMS there have been over 500 conversations, responded to within minutes by multiple specialists. This represents a maturing reach-back capability that may enhance the force multiplying effect of defence healthcare while minimising the deployed ‘medical footprint’. Further discussions should address how this technology can be used to provide appropriately responsive clinical advice within DMS consultant job-planned time.
Particle dynamics and gravitational weak lensing around black hole in the Kalb-Ramond gravity
Authors: Atamurotov Farruh , Ortiqboev Dilmurod , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Mustafa G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied the particle dynamics, gravitational lensing and energy processes around the black hole (BH) in Kalb–Ramond (KR) gravity. The motion of particles is considered with parameters in KR BH and investigated for massive and massless particles. From this work, we have got the horizon structure, photon orbit of photon and ISCO (inner stable circular orbit) of a mass particle with parameters in KR gravity. The effective potential is also studied for the massless and mass particles. Additionally, we tested energy extracted from BH using the BSW (Banados–Silk–West) method and derived the expression of center mass-energy in KR gravity. The impact of the model parameters$$\gamma $$γand$$\lambda $$λis checked to study the size of the BH shadow in the KR gravity. Gravitational weak lensing has been explored using the general method and the derived deflection angle of light rays around the BH for the plasma of various concentration distributions. The magnification of brightness is obtained using the angle of deflection of the light rays.
Cryptanalysis and improvement on two party quantum private comparison based on seven-qubit and eight-qubit states
Authors: Tsai Chia-Wei , Lin Jason , Chao Han-Chieh , Yang Chun-Wei 
Published: August 2022

Ji et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34, 1950229 (2019)] and Fan et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 37, 2250026 (2022)] proposed two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocols based on 7-qubit and 8-qubit states, respectively. However, these two QPC protocols did not consider third-party (TP) attacks. Therefore, this study focuses on TP attacks and demonstrates that the property of a 7-qubit or 8-qubit entanglement state is useless in this attack situation; that is, the participant wastes resources to maintain the qubits. For the same assumption environment proposed by Ji et al. and Fan et al., this study proposes an improvement and simplification protocol that allows participants to reach the goal of private comparison by using only classical computation and the classical communication channel without any entanglement state.
Ptolemy diagrams and cotorsion pairs in m-cluster categories of type A
Authors: Chang Huimin , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we give a complete classification of cotorsion pairs in [Formula: see text]-cluster categories of type [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], via certain configurations of [Formula: see text]-diagonals, called Ptolemy diagrams. As applications, we classify [Formula: see text]-rigid subcategories of [Formula: see text], which gives Jacquet–Malo’s classification of [Formula: see text]-cluster tilting subcategories of [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text], this generalizes the work of Holm et al. [Ptolemy diagrams and torsion pairs in the cluster category of Dynkin type [Formula: see text], J. Algebraic Combin. 34 (3) (2011) 507–523] for the classification of torsion pairs in cluster categories of type [Formula: see text].
Face mask detection using deep learning on NVIDIA Jetson Nano
Authors: Abdul Hassan Noor Faleh , Abed Ali A. , Abdalla Turki Y. 
Published: August 2022

<span>In December 2019, the coronavirus pandemic started. Coronavirus desease-19 (COVID-19) is transmitted directly from contaminated surfaces via direct touch. To combat the virus, a multitude of equipment is needed. Masks are a vital element of personal protection in crowded places. As a result, determining if a person is wearing a face mask is critical to assimilating to contemporary society. To accomplish the objective, the model presented in this paper used deep learning libraries and OpenCV. This approach was chosen for safety concerns due to its high resource efficiency during deployment. The classifier was built using the MobileNetV2 structure, which was designed to be lightweight and capable of being utilized in embedded devices such as the NVIDIA Jetson Nano to do real-time mask recognition. The stages of model construction were collecting, pre-processing, splitting data, creating the model, training the model, and applying the model. This system utilized image processing techniques and deep learning to process a live video feed. When someone is not wearing a mask, the output eventually produces an alarm sound through a built-in buzzer. Experimental results and testing were used to verify the suggested system's performance. Including both training and testing, the achieved recognition rate was 99%.</span>
Deep convolutional network based real time fatigue detection and drowsiness alertness system
Authors: Sharma Vijay Prakash , Yadav Jitendra Singh , Sharma Vivek 
Published: August 2022

<span>Fatigue and drowsiness detection techniques based on the external features are under progress, and the methods of facial feature extraction require further development. This paper discusses the innovative processes, efficient methods, and recent advancements in the field of drowsiness and fatigue detection. In this proposed model, a wide application is planned in the field of artificial intelligence by defining the fundamentals of human-computer interaction, facial expression recognition and driver fatigue-sleepiness determination. This research outlines an efficient and effective three-phase strategy for detecting drowsiness. Viola Jones is used to detect facial traits in these three phases. Detection of yawning and tracking once the face has been identified, the segmenting the skin, the system becomes lighting invariant portion by itself, focusing on the chromatic components based on skin, and to reject most of non-face image backdrops. The color eye tracking and yawning detection are carried out by template matching with the correlation coefficient. The vectors of features based on each of the above phases is concatenated, and a binary result is obtained. The analysis of sound and successive frames into fatigue and non-fatigue states has been classified. If the time in fatigue state exceeds the threshold, the system will sound an alarm. </span>
Are Traditional Health Practitioners in Tanzania Walking a Tightrope? Lessons from the Policy and Legal Frameworks Guiding Health Service Delivery in Tanzania
Authors: Kabyemela Matrona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Tanzania Traditional Medicine (TM) provides primary health services to more than 60% of the population. Tanzania incorporated TM into the 1996 Health Policy and enacted the Traditional Medicine Act, 2002, to formalise TM practices. This article argues that the legal and policy frameworks guiding the provision of health services in the country undermine the practices of Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) with respect to the provision of primary health services in the rural areas. This study was conducted in Bukoba District, Tanzania, to find out how TM coexisted with the biomedical system in the provision of health services. Data was collected by reviewing the National Health Policy and the Traditional Medicine Act, 2002, observing the facilities that THPs used and interviewing 50 respondents who were purposefully selected. The findings of the study revealed that the government didn’t fund TM, that there was no proper administrative coordination of TM, poor representation of THPs in the TM administration organs and that THPs were unaware of the laws that guided their practices. We recommend reviewing the health policy to includes a detailed administrative structure for TM, a source of funds for TM and proper representation of THPs in the TM administration organs.
Shades of green
Authors: Ponton Douglas Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Discursive interaction involves the co-construction of meaning between interlocutor/s and intended audience, a process which involves both explicit and implicit meanings (Kecskes 2016). However, since language is at best an imprecise tool for describing reality, even so-called explicit meanings are found to require effort to disambiguate, and true precision may not be attainable, despite sincerity on the part of the speaker/s. These aspects are especially relevant in considering public discourse on the environment, which represents a macro topic whose component discursive features are frequently big words in the sense originally identified by George Orwell (2013), i.e. nature, pollution, fossil fuels, conservation, green energy, global warming, climate change, etc. That is to say, their use signals the presence of ideologies (Fairclough 2003), deontologies (Roderick 2013), presuppositions (Levinson 1983) and naturalisations (Barthes 1957) which imply the use of meanings that are seldom self-evident, though they are presented as such. This paper explores interactions in the public domain about the current environmental crisis, showing how a pragmatic perspective that focuses on situated understandings of shared dialogue can illuminate these issues.
Online comments as inwards and outwards-directed acts in Polish and English
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main focus of the paper is to analyse selected English and Polish online comments on the Russia-Ukraine war (2022) from the perspective of dialogical discourse and define to what extent the exchanges satisfy the criteria of different types of dialogism with regard to their self- or other-referential character, i.e., inwards- or ingroup- directed, and what other circumstances are decisive in the determination of the exchange profiles. The materials are derived from selected Twitter comments referring to the war in Ukraine and its refugees, which dominate large segments of today’s online discourse. The research methodology employed is an interactional discourse analysis, which assumes that meanings are dynamic and created in interaction, and shaped by the cognitive and social potential of the participants, and their ideological preferences. The outcomes of the analysis indicate a complex character of the exchanges from a dialogical typology dilemma perspective and shed some light on the speakers’ argumentation. The analysis also shows a lower radicalization axis than in comparable samples referring to earlier refugee crisis scenarios in the years 2016–2020.
Alprazolam-related deaths in Scotland, 2004–2020
Authors: Corkery John Martin , Guirguis Amira , Chiappini Stefania , Martinotti Giovanni , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: August 2022

Background: The benzodiazepine drug alprazolam, a fast-acting tranquiliser, cannot be prescribed on the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. Illicit alprazolam supply and consumption have increased. Concern about increasing numbers of alprazolam-related fatalities started circulating in 2018. However, statistics on this issue are very limited. This study examined patterns in such mortality in Scotland. Methods: Statistics on deaths where alprazolam was mentioned in the ‘cause of death’ were obtained from official mortality registers. Anonymised Scottish case-level data were obtained. Data were examined in respect of the characteristics of decedents and deaths using descriptive statistics. Results: Scotland registered 370 deaths in 2004–2020; 366 of these occurred in 2015–2020: most involved males (77.1%); mean age 39.0 (SD 12.6) years. The principal underlying cause of death was accidental poisoning: opiates/opioids (77.9%); sedatives/hypnotics (15.0%). Two deaths involved alprazolam alone. Main drug groups implicated: opiates/opioids (94.8%), ‘other benzodiazepines’ (67.2%), gabapentinoids (42.9%), stimulants (30.1%), antidepressants (15.0%). Two-thirds (64.2%) involved combinations of central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Discussion: Alprazolam-related deaths are likely due to an increasing illicit supply. The fall in deaths in 2019–2020 is partially due to increased use of designer benzodiazepines. Treatment for alprazolam dependence is growing. Clinicians need to be aware of continuing recreational alprazolam use. When such consumption occurs with CNS depressants, overdose and death risks increase. Conclusions: More awareness of alprazolam contributing to deaths, especially in conjunction with other CNS depressants, is needed by consumers and clinicians. Improved monitoring of illicit supplies could identify emerging issues of medicines’ abuse.
Transplantation of Parathyroid Hormone–Treated Achilles Tendon Promotes Meniscal Regeneration in a Rat Meniscal Defect Model
Authors: Nishino Kazuya , Hashimoto Yusuke , Nishida Yohei , Orita Kumi , Takigami Junsei , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

Background: Autologous tendon grafts are used for meniscal reconstruction of surgically removed knee joint meniscus. However, as meniscal reconstruction cannot prevent the progression of cartilage degeneration, additional procedures that confer meniscus-like histological properties to the transplanted tendon are required for improved outcomes. Hypotheses: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-34) induces cartilage formation in the rat tendon, and transplantation of PTH-treated tendon promotes meniscal regeneration. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rat Achilles tendon–derived cells were cultured with or without PTH for 28 days and stained with Alcian blue to determine chondrogenic differentiation. After 14 and 28 days of incubation, gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In an in vivo study, rat Achilles tendon was injected with PTH and then transplanted onto a medial meniscal defect. Macroscopic and histological assessments of the regenerated meniscus and of cartilage degeneration in the tibial plateau were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Results: In vitro, PTH-treated cells showed better staining with Alcian blue than the control (normal medium) group. PTH1R, Col2a1, Sox9, and RUNX2 were significantly upregulated in PTH-treated cells ( P < .05). Macroscopically, the in vivo results revealed more prominent meniscal coverage and lesser progression of articular cartilage degeneration in the PTH group than in the phosphate-buffered saline–injected group. Histologically, toluidine blue staining revealed metachromasia in the PTH-injected tissue at 4 and 8 weeks. The PTH-treated regenerated meniscus showed positive immunostaining for type II collagen in the area exhibiting metachromasia. Moreover, PTH-treated tendon had an enhanced histological score compared with the untreated group at 4 and 8 weeks ( P < .05). Conclusion: PTH(1-34) induced cartilage formation in the rat tendon. Transplantation of PTH(1-34)–treated Achilles tendon in a rat meniscal defect model induced meniscal regeneration and preserved knee articular cartilage. Macroscopically, PTH groups showed a greater coverage of the regenerated meniscus. Histologically, the regenerated meniscus had higher cartilaginous matrix content in rats transplanted with PTH-treated tendons. PTH(1-34) stimulated tendon-derived cells to promote chondrogenic differentiation. Clinical Relevance: Meniscal transplantation using PTH-injected autologous tendon grafts might promote meniscal regeneration and prevent progression of cartilage degeneration by stimulating chondrogenic differentiation of tendon-derived cells.