bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ainda assim, a docência...
Authors: Dos Santos Lorene , Almeida Júnior Admir Soares de , Gariglio José Ângelo 
Published: February 2022

Ainda assim, a docência... Experiências formativas e reafirmação da escolha pelo magistério
Resumo: Este artigo relata os achados de uma pesquisa que buscou identificar e compreender quais experiências formativas vividas por estudantes bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) atua de forma a potencializar os processos de socialização profissional que ratificam a escolha inicial pela docência. O estudo é de caráter qualitativo e valeu-se do grupo focal como técnica de produção de dados. A pesquisa foi realizada em 16 cursos de licenciatura, de cinco Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de Minas Gerais, e revelou que a metodologia de trabalho proporcionada pelo Pibid atua de forma decisiva no processo de descoberta da profissão, em especial as experiências de ensino na sala de aula e o trabalho coletivo em comunidades de práticas.
Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Formação inicial; Licenciatura; Pibid.

Even so, teaching... Training experiences and reaffirmation of choice for teaching
Abstract: His article reports the findings of a research that sought to identify and understand which training experiences undergone by scholarship students from the Institutional Scholarship Program (Pibid) works in a way that enhances professional socialization processes that ratify the initial choice of teaching. The study is qualitative in nature and used the focal group as a technique for producing data. The research was carried out in 16 undergraduate courses, from five Higher Education Institutions (IES) of Minas Gerais, and revealed that the work methodology provided by Pibid plays a decisive role in the process of discovering the profession, especially teaching experiences in the classroom and collective work in communities of practice.
Keywords: Teacher training; Initial formation; Graduation; Pibid.

Todavía, enseñando... Experiencias formativas y reafirmación de elección por el magisterium
Resumen: Este artículo reporta los hallazgos de una investigación que buscó identificar y comprender qué experiencias formativas vividas por los becarios del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Docente (Pibid) actúan para potenciar los procesos de socialización profesional que ratifican la elección inicial de enseñando. El estudio es cualitativo y utilizó el grupo focal como técnica para la producción de datos. La investigación se realizó en 16 cursos de pregrado, de cinco Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en Minas Gerais, y reveló que la metodología de trabajo brindada por Pibid actúa de manera decisiva en el proceso de descubrimiento de la profesión, especialmente en las experiencias docentes. en el aula y trabajo colectivo en comunidades de práctica.
Palabras clave: Formación docente; Formación inicial; Graduación; Pibid.

Data de registro: 29/10/2020
Data de aceite: 22/09/2021
MW-assisted hydrolysis of phosphinates in the presence of PTSA as the catalyst, and as a MW absorber
Authors: Harsági Nikoletta , Keglevich György 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The hydrolysis of phosphinic esters is an important transformation that may be performed under acidic or basic conditions on conventional heating. A series of cyclic phosphinates, 1-alkoxy-3-methyl or 3,4-dimethylphospholane oxides, has now been hydrolyzed under microwave (MW) conditions in the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 equivalents of p-toluenesulfonic acid that served not only as the catalyst but also as a MW absorber. The later phenomenon was proved separately. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for the hydrolyses performed by the new approach were determined and a reactivity order was setup. The model reactions investigated were transplanted into flow MW accomplishment.
Superior photocatalytic degradation performance for gaseous toluene by 3D g-C3N4-reduced graphene oxide gels
Authors: Lu Chan , Gou Zenghui , Li Shan , Mai Zhongao , Li Xiaolong , Yang Yuhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major gaseous pollutants and one of the main causes of environmental problem, which can be extremely harmful to human health. Previous research has shown that photocatalytic oxidation is regarded as a promising technology to remove VOCs. However, for the time being, the photocatalytic performance in the field of removing VOCs by multiple reported photocatalysts cannot meet the demand of the practice. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of 3D gel composites with g-C3N4 (GC) and graphite oxide as precursors by a simple hydrothermal and freeze-drying method, which shows good photocatalytic degradation performance for gas toluene as model VOCs. The highest photocatalytic degradation ratio for gaseous toluene is about 86% in 180 min, which is about 3 times that of pure GC. The reason for the results is due to the strong adsorption capacity and very fast electrical conductivity of three dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This study implies that the 3D GC-RGO gels have potential usefulness for removing VOCs to meet the demand of the practice.
Stability of spouted bed during spray cold coating on the surface of carrier particles
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Linsong , Xu Qing , Tian Wei , Li Zhanyong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rapid freezing of droplets on the surface of cold carrier particles can reduce the spray freeze-drying time. The coating freezing process can be treated in batch by using a spouted bed and the bed stability is the key. The freezing process of droplets would agglomerate the carrier particles. By analyzing the standard deviation of the bed pressure drop and the fluctuation of the bed pressure, the stable operating conditions of the spouted bed under cold coating were studied, and a dynamic adjustment method of the inlet air velocity to maintain stable spouting was proposed. The results show that the stable operating air velocity range can be described useing the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations. Before bed collapse occurs, it will experience an unstable spouting process, which causes the bed pressure to fluctuate a standard deviation of less than 15 Pa after more than 40 Pa.
Inverse geodetic problem for long distance based on improved Vincenty’s formula
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Sun Yunlong , Dai Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Solutions of geodetic problem is an important technical problem in geodesy. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of Bessel’s formula and Vincenty’s formula, an improved algorithm is proposed. Firstly, arctangent formula is replaced by arccosine formula to calculate spherical surface angular distance. Secondly, Bessel’s formula is used to replace Vincenty’s formula in the singular region. Finally, the test formulas of geodetic line and azimuth are given. According to the test formula, four points are selected for the test, which are located in the equator, low latitude, middle latitude and high latitude. The geodesic length range of the test is 1000–18000 km and the azimuth range is

0

∘

0{\hspace{0.1667em}^{\circ }}

–

360

∘

360{\hspace{0.1667em}^{\circ }}

. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can solve the problem of singularity and quadrant judgment well. The solution precision of geodetic line is better than 1 mm, and the precision of azimuth is less than 0.0001 second.
Ipsilateral Stimulus Encoding in Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of Awake Mice
Authors: Pala Aurélie , Stanley Garrett B. 
Published: February 2022

Lateralization is a hallmark of somatosensory processing in the mammalian brain. However, in addition to their contralateral representation, unilateral tactile stimuli also modulate neuronal activity in somatosensory cortices of the ipsilateral hemisphere. The cellular organization and functional role of these ipsilateral stimulus responses in awake somatosensory cortices, especially regarding stimulus coding, are unknown. Here, we targeted silicon probe recordings to the vibrissa region of primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortex of awake head-fixed mice of either sex while delivering ipsilateral and contralateral whisker stimuli. Ipsilateral stimuli drove larger and more reliable responses in S2 than in S1, and activated a larger fraction of stimulus-responsive neurons. Ipsilateral stimulus-responsive neurons were rare in layer 4 of S1, but were located in equal proportion across all layers in S2. Linear classifier analyses further revealed that decoding of the ipsilateral stimulus was more accurate in S2 than S1, whereas S1 decoded contralateral stimuli most accurately. These results reveal substantial encoding of ipsilateral stimuli in S1 and especially S2, consistent with the hypothesis that higher cortical areas may integrate tactile inputs across larger portions of space, spanning both sides of the body.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTactile information obtained by one side of the body is represented in the activity of neurons of the opposite brain hemisphere. However, unilateral tactile stimulation also modulates neuronal activity in the other, or ipsilateral, brain hemisphere. This ipsilateral activity may play an important role in the representation and processing of tactile information, in particular when the sense of touch involves both sides of the body. Our work in the whisker system of awake mice reveals that neocortical ipsilateral activity, in particular that of deep layer excitatory neurons of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), contains information about the presence and the velocity of unilateral tactile stimuli, which supports a key role for S2 in integrating tactile information across both body sides.
Morphology and Dendrite-Specific Synaptic Properties of Midbrain Neurons Shape Multimodal Integration
Authors: Weigel S. , Kuenzel T. , Lischka K. , Huang G. , Luksch H. 
Published: February 2022

Multimodal integration facilitates object recognition and response to sensory cues. This depends on spatiotemporal coincidence of sensory information, recruitment of NMDA-type glutamate receptors and inhibitory feedback. Shepherd's crook neurons (SCNs) in the avian optic tectum (TeO) are an ideal model for studying cellular mechanism of multimodal integration. They receive different sensory modalities through spatially segregated dendrites, are important for stimulus selection and have an axon-carrying dendrite (AcD). We performed whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in chicken midbrain slices of both sexes. We emulated visual and auditory inputin vitroby stimulating presynaptic afferents electrically. Simultaneous stimulation enhanced responses inversely depending on stimulation amplitude demonstrating the principle of inverse effectiveness. Contribution of NMDA-type glutamate receptors prolonged postsynaptic events for visual inputs only, causing a strong modality-specific difference in synaptic efficacy. We designed a multicompartment model to study the effect of morphological and physiological parameters on multimodal integration by varying the distance between soma and axonal origin and the amount of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) contribution. These parameters changed the preference of the model for one input channel and adjusted the range of input rates at which multimodal enhancement occurred on naturalistic stimulation. Thus, the unique morphology and synaptic features of SCNs shape the integration of input at different dendrites and generates an enhanced multimodal response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultimodal integration improves perception and responses to objects. The underlying cellular mechanism depends on a balance between excitation and inhibition, and NMDA-type glutamate receptors that are involved in the multiplicative nature of enhancement following the principle of inverse effectiveness. Based on a detailed analysis of an identified multimodal cell type in the vertebrate midbrain, we studied the influence of cellular morphology and unimodal synaptic properties on multimodal integration. We can show that the combination of cellular morphology and modality-specific synaptic properties including NMDA receptor (NMDAR) contribution is optimal for nonlinear, multimodal enhancement and determines the dynamic response range of the integrating neuron. Our findings mechanistically explain how synaptic properties and cellular morphology of a midbrain neuron contribute to multimodal enhancement.
Behavioral Timescale Cooperativity and Competitive Synaptic Interactions Regulate the Induction of Complex Spike Burst-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: O'Dell Thomas J. 
Published: February 2022

Although Hebbian LTP has an important role in memory formation, the properties of Hebbian LTP cannot fully account for, and in some cases seem incompatible with, fundamental properties of associative learning. Importantly, findings from computational and neurophysiological studies suggest that burst-dependent forms of plasticity, where dendritic spikes and bursts of action potentials provide the postsynaptic depolarization needed for LTP induction, may overcome some of the limitations of conventional Hebbian LTP. Thus, I investigated how excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells interact during the induction of complex spike (CS) burst-dependent LTP in hippocampal slices from male mice. Consistent with previous findings, theta-frequency trains of synaptic stimulation induce a Hebbian form of plasticity where postsynaptic CS bursts provide the depolarization needed for NMDAR activation and LTP induction. However, in contrast to conventional Hebbian plasticity, where cooperative LTP induction requires coactivation of synapses on a timescale of tens of milliseconds, cooperative interactions between synapses activated several seconds apart can induce CS burst-dependent LTP. A novel, retroactive form of heterosynaptic plasticity, where activation of one group of synapses triggers LTP induction at other synapses that were active seconds earlier, also contributes to cooperativity in CS burst-dependent LTP. Moreover, competitive synaptic interactions that emerge during prolonged bouts of postsynaptic CS bursting potently regulate CS burst-dependent LTP. Together, the unusual properties of synaptic cooperativity and competition in CS burst-dependent LTP enable Hebbian synapses to operate and interact on behavioral timescales.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile EPSP-evoked complex spike (CS) bursting induces LTP at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, the properties of synaptic interactions during the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP have not been investigated. Here I report that interactions between independent synaptic inputs during the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP exhibit a number of novel, computationally relevant properties. Unlike conventional Hebbian LTP, the induction of CS burst-dependent LTP is regulated by proactive and retroactive cooperative interactions between synapses activated several seconds apart. Moreover, activity-dependent, competitive interactions between synapses allow strongly activated synapses to suppress LTP induction at more weakly activated synapses. Thus, CS burst-dependent LTP exhibits a number of the unique properties that overcome significant limitations of standard Hebbian plasticity rules.
The EU Member States’ Diverging Experiences and Policies on Refugees and the New Pact on Migration and Asylum
Authors: Kużelewska Elżbieta , Piekutowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The refugee crisis in 2015 revealed the lack of solidarity and the divergent migration policies of the EU Member States. It showed clearly that when faced with the problem of migration, the EU countries fail to cooperate and support one another. The EU Member States with more experience with migration coped better and were more open to migrants. The South European countries took in a huge inflow of migrants and expected (in vain) support from other EU members. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe were unwilling to receive refugees. These diverging approaches to refugees presented by particular Member States resulted in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, which was adopted by the European Commission in September 2020.The purpose of the pact was to provide humanitarian aid to migrants, since one of the human rights is the right to migrate, but it was not its only objective. The New Pact on Migration and Asylum was supposed to be a guarantee of solidarity and efficient management of the migration process.
The Important Interest of the Service as an Optional Reason for Dismissal from Service in the Form of a General Clause
Authors: Witoszko Wioletta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Among the prerequisites for optional dismissal from service, which are specified and do not leave the authorities any leeway in their assessment, a general reason, such as an important interest of the service, has been normalized. The concept of an “important interest of the service” is not defined, so this premise should be specified in each case by indicating both objective and subjective circumstances. The interest of the service is a set of values that the normal system should uphold when tasks in the field of safety and public order are carried out. One element of officer protection is the requirement to consult a company trade union organization before issuing a decision on dismissal from service due to an important interest of the service. Moreover, the decision to dismiss someone from the service may be issued only by the higher superior, who guarantees that the correct decision will be made and has greater competence in assesing the needs of the service and its interests.
Objective Reasons on the Part of the Employer as a Premise for Entering into an “Unlimited” Fixed-Term Employment Contract
Authors: Łapiński Karol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current wording of Art. 251 § 4 point 4 of the Labor Code, valid since 22.02.2016, is an example of a general clause in labor law. At the same time, the “objective reasons” of the so--called “unlimited” fixed-term contracts entered into belong to the clauses that change their meaning depending on the person who applies an established rule of law. The use of “objective reasons on the part of the employer” on purpose to limit the abuse of “temporary employment” should generally be assessed as incorrect. According to this, the Court of Justice of the European Union may judge this regulation to be illegal according to Clause 5 of Council Directive 99/70 / EC of 28 June 1999, and as incompatible with the purpose and the effectiveness of the framework agreement. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the general clause used by the legislator with further, more specific premises of “objective reasons” for entering into “unlimited” fixed-term employment contracts.
Efek antihipertensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbing L.) dengan Metode Non-invasiv
Authors: Novitri Suci Ahda , Nurmeilis Nurmeilis Nurmeilis , Kamal Dea Raudya 
Published: February 2022

Daun belimbing wuluh digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk menurunkan tekanan darah oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, untuk menguji aktivitas tersebut, dilakukan penelitian terhadap ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa blimbii L.) pada tikus jantan galur Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi dengan NaCl 2% dan Prednison 1,5 mg/KgBB. . Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda non-invasiv (CODA non-invasive blood pressure) dengan rancangan pre-test dan post-test matched control group. Tiga puluh ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif (NaCMC 5%), kontrol positif (kaptopril 2,5 mg/kgBB) dan tiga kelompok uji (ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh 50, 100 dan 200 mg/KgBB). Pemberian NaCl 2% dan Prednison 1,5 mg/KgBB dilakukan selama 14 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ekstrak uji selama 7 hari secara oral. Pada hari ke-0, ke-14, dan ke-21 dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah sistol, diastol dan heart rate tikus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA atau Kruskal Walis dan Paired T-test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak uji (50, 100 dan 200 mg/KgBB) dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistol dan diastol secara bermakna terhadap kontrol negatif (p≤0,05), namun penurunan heart rate tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB, presentase penurunan tekanan darah sistolik tertinggi yaitu 31,69% dan diastolik 33,31%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, ekstrak uji memiliki efek antihipertensi.
Faktor Resiko Penyebab Multidrug Resistant Tuberkulosis: Sistematik Review
Authors: Restinia Mita , Khairani Sondang , Manninda Reise 
Published: February 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kedua dengan jumlah kasus tuberkulosis terbanyak di dunia. Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Indonesia semakin sulit dengan munculnya Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko yang menyebabkan terjadinya MDRT-TB di Indonesia. Sistematik review dilakukan terhadap artikel dengan studi case control. MDR-TB sebagai kelompok kasus dan Non MDR-TB sebagai kelompok kontrol. Artikel yang dipilih adalah artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2015-2020. Artikel dicari melalui database google schoolar dan dianalisa menggunakan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Terdapat 9 original artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisa. Faktor resiko terjadinya MDR-TB dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu karakteristik responden, Riwayat TB dan pengobatan, dan komorbiditas. Karakteristik responden yang signifikan mempengaruhi terjadinya MDR TB adalah dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan, usia, dan akses ke fasilitas kesehatan. Tidak patuh minum obat, adanya riwayat pengobatan TB, tidak aktif pengawas minum obat, efek samping obat dan adanya komorbiditas juga merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya MDR-TB. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa identifikasi faktor resiko terjadinya MDR TB perlu dilakukan dengan baik. Selain itu, Pasien TB yang memiliki faktor resiko perlu diberikan edukasi yang lebih komprehensif dan pengawasan minum obat secara lebih ketat untuk mencegah terjadinya MDR TB.
Anti-Parkinson Drug from Chemical Medicines and Herbal Medicines: A Review
Authors: Yeni Yeni , Wu Xia , Arman Budi 
Published: February 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of the central nervous system. It is a progressive disorder, meaning it gets worse over time. PD usually characterized by tremor, rigidity, akinesia and postural autonomic instability. In addition, it may also cause a series of non-motor symptoms (NMSs). This disease affects a small area of cells in the middle of the brain. This area is called the substantia nigra (SNc). The cells slowly lose their ability to produce a chemical called dopamine. The disease usually appears in the age over 60 years. Nowadays, a lot of anti-Parkinson drugs have been found either from that of chemicals or herbs. In this essay anti-Parkinson drugs from chemical medicine and herbal medicines especially from china will be discussed. Anti-Parkinson's drugs are derived from chemical medicines include levodopa (l-dopa), dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, anticholinergics and amantadine. Meanwhile, anti-Parkinson drugs derived from herbal medicine include Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., green tea (Camellia sinensis L.), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, Panax Notoginseng Wall. var notoginseng (Burkill.) F.H. Chen, Gastrodia elata Blume and Polygala tenuifoliaWilld.. These drugs have the same effects to help ease symptoms of Parkinson’s and can increase the amount of dopamine in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). However, some chemical drugs have more side effects although herbal medicines are less clear, more tests need to be planned.