bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Syringoid Eccrine Carcinoma of the Upper Lip and Nasal Base Treated with Resection and Subsequent Innovative Reconstruction using an Abbé Flap, Turbinate Flaps and Three-stage Forehead Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Pink Richard , Heinz Petr , Michálek Jaroslav , Krsička Petr 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although syringoma is a common benign tumor of the sudoriferous gland, there is also an extremely rare malignant form known as syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC). While this type of tumor usually exhibits slow growth with deep invasion and a frequent tendency to relapse, it usually does not metastasize. Few patients with SEC have been described in the literature.Case presentation: In this case, a 70-year-old man was diagnosed with an SEC at the same location as a benign syringoma of the upper lip and nasal base that had undergone primary excision 7 years prior. Primary radical resection was performed with immediate Abbé flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, histology revealed positive margins, and 3 additional re-excisions were needed to achieve clear margins. Four months after the initial resection, the patient had undergone an innovative reconstruction technique including not only the Abbé flap but also turbinate flap harvested with functional endonasal surgery and a three-stage forehead flap.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the malignant transformation of a benign syringoma after 7 years. In addition, from oncoplastic and reconstructive points of view, the bilateral use of the turbinate flap for reconstructing the intranasal lining of the alar base is unusual, and the use of functional endonasal surgery in nasal reconstruction for reducing the risk of damaging the vascular supply of the flap is innovative and has never been reported for SEC in the literature.
Tormentic acid, a triterpenoid compound isolated from the fruits of Chaenomeles speciose, protected indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion via modulating miR-139 and CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/ PKC/Rho A/MLC pathway
Authors: He Junyu , Ngwa Adeline Ngeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Haibo , He Yumin , Xu Daoxiang , Wang Xiao , Li Jie , Zhang Jihong , Xu Guofan , Wang Junzhi , Zou Kun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that pentacyclic triterpenoids from the fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa had prominent treatment functions on gastric damage patients and animals. However, little has been known about the pharmacological activity and mechanism of its each triterpene component (oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 3-O-acetyl ursolic acid, 3-O-acetyl pomolic acid, tormentic acid (TA)). In current study, we found that TA possessed stronger cell protective effect and promoted proliferation activity on IND-damaged GES-1 cells than other triterpenoids from the fruits of Chaenomeles speciose by bioscreening. Therefore, we selected TA for further research. The results demonstrated that TA might ameliorate the gastric mucosal injury induced by IND, which was associated with accelerating the damaged GES-1 cell proliferation and migration, meliorating the injured rat GBF, ulcer inhibitor, ulcer area and pathologic changes of gastric mucous tissue, reducing the total acidity and volume of the gastric effluents, and raising the gastric pH; Further empirical research indicated that TA dramatically suppressed miR-139 mRNA expression, elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expressions, p-PLC, p-PKC, Rho A, MLCK and p-MLC protein expressions. these data demonstrated that TA avoided gastric mucosal injury by suppressing miR-139 expression and activating the CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/PKC/Rho A/MLC pathway, thereby boosting the epithelial cell proliferation and migration, and promoting the gastric damaged healing.
Determination of the Positional Relationship of the Second Houston Valve and Peritoneal Reflection Using Computed Tomographic Colonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Murai Shin , Kawai Kazushige , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Abe Shinya , Nagai Yuzo , Anzai Hiroyuki , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The second Houston valve is used as a surrogate for estimating the position of the peritoneal reflection; however, the concordance between the positions of the valve and peritoneal reflection has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to clarify this positional relationship.Methods: The positions of the second Houston valve and peritoneal reflection were assessed using tomographic colonography and magnetic resonance imaging. In total, 117 patients were enrolled in this study. Results: The positions of the second Houston valve and peritoneal reflection were nearly concordant, although the space between them ranged from -20.7 to 33.9 mm. A peritoneal reflection located further from the anal verge than the second Houston valve was defined as a shallow peritoneal reflection. Male sex, high body weight, and high body mass index showed a significant correlation with a shallower peritoneal reflection as determined by univariate analysis (sex: P=0.0138, weight: P=0.0097, body mass index: P=0.0311). Multivariate analysis revealed significantly shallower peritoneal reflection in males (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-6.56, P=0.023).Conclusions: The second Houston valve is located near the peritoneal reflection and can be a useful surrogate marker for estimating its position. In heavier males, the peritoneal reflection tends to be located more cranially than the second Houston valve.
Serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 responses in patients after major trauma: a prospective observational two centre study
Authors: Jones M. , Hanison J. , Apreutesei R. , Allarakia B. , Namvar S. , Ramaswamy D. S. , Horner D. , Smyth L. , Body R. , Columb M. , Nirmalan M. , Nirmalan N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThere is a need to develop objective risk stratification tools to define efficient care pathways for trauma patients. Biomarker-based point of care testing may strengthen existing clinical tools currently available for this purpose. The dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of organ failure is well recognised. This preliminary study was carried out to evaluate whether blood concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-6:IL-10 ratios in the early stages of the illness are significantly different in patients with worsening organ function. MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 on days 1, 3 and 5 were measured in 91 major trauma patients using cytometric bead arrays. A composite measure of adverse outcome - defined as SOFA ≥ 2 or mortality at 7 days, was the primary outcome. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in early samples (days 1, 3 & 5) in patients who developed SOFA ≥ 2 on day 7 were compared against those who did not. Comparing cytokine concentrations against similar composite outcome groups at day 5 and in groups with worsening or improving SOFA scores (ΔSOFA) at Days 7 and 5 was undertaken as secondary analyses.ResultsOn day 7, 44 (48 %) patients showed adverse outcomes, associated with significantly greater IL-6 concentrations on days 1 and 5. (Day 1: 47.65 [23.24-78.68] pg/mL Vs 73.69 [39.93 – 118.07], P =0.040 and Day 5: 12.85 [5.80-19.51] pg/mL Vs 28.90 [8.78-74.08] pg/mL; P =0.0019). Similarly, IL-10 levels on days 3 and 5 were significantly greater in the adverse outcome group (Day 3: 2.54 [1.76-3.19] Vs 3.16 [2.68-4.21] pg/mL; P =0.044 and Day 5: 2.03 [1.65-2.55] Vs 2.90 [2.00-5.06] pg/mL; P <0.001). IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were also significantly elevated in the adverse outcome groups on day 5. Conclusions Early IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations are significantly greater in patients who develop worsening organ functions downstream. These differences may provide an alternate biomarker-based approach to further strengthen risk stratification in trauma patients.
A novel pattern-based reversible data hiding technique for video steganography
Authors: Roselinkiruba R. , Shar T. Sree , Julina J. K.Josephine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper explains a novel pattern based color video data hiding technique based on moving regions detection. In the proposed system first the video gets separated into frames, and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) compression is applied for every frame. Then, moving objects in the frames are detected and the image is separated into Red, Green, Blue (RGB) channel 2×3 pixel blocks. Further, Euclidean Distance (ED) is used to pair the left over moving pixels into blocks. Based on the hiding capacity of block in each channel, pattern based data hiding process in each channel is implemented. Applying same data hiding methods on all the three channels may affect the quality of the stego image. This can be solved by varying the different data hiding techniques applied on each channels. The proposed Reversible Data Hiding Interpolation with Pixel Value Differencing (RDHI+PVD) method hides the data into the up-scaled image by considering the weights between the pixels. In first channel and second channel, proposed RDHI+PVD and in third channel, only LSB data hiding is applied. Experimental results reveals that the average PSNR, average capacity, RS and PVD histogram analysis attacks obtained on the proposed method performs better than other state-of-the-art techniques.
In-hospital mortality due to extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to clinical and ultrasound features in Chókwè District, Mozambique. Retrospective hospital-based cohort study (2016-2020)
Authors: Nacarapa Edy , Munyangaju Isabelle , Osório Dulce , Zindoga Pereira , Mutaquiha Claudia , Jose Benedita , Macuacua Artur , Chongo Bartolomeu , de-Almeida Marcelo , Verdu Maria-Elisa , Ramos-Rincon Jose-Manuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionIn resource-limited settings, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has great potential to support the timely diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).ObjectivesWe aim to determine the in-hospital mortality due to EPTB according to clinical and ultrasound features and risk factors in newly diagnosed patients hospitalized for EPTB in Chókwè district, Mozambique.MethodsWe analyzed routinely collected data from paper medical files and electronic ultrasound records of EPTB in infected patients aged 15 years or older and admitted to Carmelo Hospital of Chókwè from 2016 to 2020. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to model predictors of mortality and time to death.ResultsThe 390 included inpatients with EPTB and ultrasound data contributed a total of 6240 in-hospital person-days of observation. The overall mortality rate was 2.16 per 100 person-days. Adjusted Cox regression showed a higher risk of death in those with abdominal tenderness (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.82, p = 0.050), antiretroviral treatment (ART) for more than 90 days (aHR 4.03, 95% CI 1.50–10.78, p = 0.006), and mixed patterns on kidney ultrasound (aHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.38–6.10, p = 0.005). An optimal immunovirological response to ART was a protective factor against death [aHR] 0.12, 95% CI 0.04–0.35, p < 0.001).ConclusionVariables associated with an increased risk of death were male sex, abdominal pain, ART for more than three months (with immunovirological failure or non-response to ART) and having a mixed pattern of kidney ultrasound characteristics. Early detection of these risk factors may have a direct impact on reducing TB mortality, and the POCUS approach to diagnosing EPTB provides a simple, feasible and affordable intervention in resource-limited settings like Mozambique.
Optimal Design of Broadband Optical Waveguide Coupler Using Social Spider Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In photonic integrated circuits (PICs), one of the most crucial building blocks is optical waveguide couplers, which are usually utilized in Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based devices, for instance, power monitors, filters, and N-by-N optical switches.Such devices’ responses are needed to be wavelength insensitively for increment the operating bandwidths, particularly more than the C+L band for real-time applications (the wavelength’s spectral range = 1530 - 1630 nm). Hence, an optical waveguide coupler including a precise and broadband is necessary. In the platform of silicon-on-insulator (SOI), the typical directional couplers have containedtwo parallel waveguides and are broadly utilized in PICs due to their compactness and integrability. To achieve effectiveness in broadband optical waveguide coupler, a new design has been proposed in this work. For optimally designing broadband optical waveguide coupler, Social Spider Optimization algorithm is utilized. The proposed approach is implemented in the platform of MATLAB. And the simulated results have shown that the proposed approach has provided a better Optimal Design of Broadband Optical Waveguide Coupler than the existing approach.
Onychomycosis in Underrepresented Groups: An All of Us Database Analysis
Authors: Moseley Isabelle , Ragi Sara D. , Ouellette Samantha , Rao Babar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Few research studies evaluating the impact of dermatologic diseases in the United States (US) have adequately included underrepresented groups. All of Us (AoU) is an ongoing precision medicine-based research initiative by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that facilitates research in populations traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research by prioritizing them for data collection. Our objective was to evaluate the burden of onychomycosis in underrepresented groups defined by the framework provided by AoU. The AoU Registered Tier dataset version 5 was used which includes data collected between May 30, 2017 and April 1, 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis linking survey and electronic health record (EHR) data to estimate the prevalence of onychomycosis in underrepresented groups defined by race, ethnicity, age (≥75 years), disability, sexual orientation/gender identity (LGBTQIA+), income (annual household income ≤$35 000) and education (less than a high school degree). The latest All of Us data release includes 329,038 participants. Of these, 251,597 (76%) had EHR data and 13,874 had onychomycosis (overall prevalence, 5.5%; 95% CI, 5.4– 5.6). Multivariate analyses adjusted by tinea pedis, diabetes mellitus, immune compromise, nail psoriasis, and insurance status, in addition to the aforementioned variables, revealed that, compared with White participants, Black and Hispanic participants had a higher adjusted odds of onychomycosis (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23–1.36 and OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17–1.31, respectively). Higher adjusted odds of onychomycosis were also observed in underrepresented groups. Our findings suggest a disproportionately high burden of onychomycosis in underrepresented groups, although further studies are needed to replicate our findings and address this disparity.
Proteomic Alterations Associated with Residual Disease in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treated Ovarian Cancer Tissues
Authors: Penick Emily R. , Bateman Nicholas W. , Rojas Christine , Magana Cuauhtemoc , Conrads Kelly , Zhou Ming , Hood Brian L. , Wang Guisong , Parikh Niyati , Huang Ying , Darcy Kathleen M. , Casablanca Yovanni , Mhawech-Fauceglia Paulette , Maxwell G. Larry , Conrads Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Optimal cytoreduction to no residual disease (R0) correlates with improved disease outcome for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Treatment of HGSOC patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, however, may select for tumor cells harboring alterations in hallmark cancer pathways including metastatic potential. This study assessed this hypothesis by performing proteomic analysis of matched, chemotherapy naïve and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)-treated HGSOC tumors obtained from patients who had suboptimal (R1, n=6) versus optimal (R0, n=14) debulking at interval debulking surgery (IDS). Methods: Tumor epithelium was harvested by laser microdissection from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from matched, pre- and post-NACT treated tumors for twenty HGSOC patients and analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Results: Differential analysis of patient matched pre- and post-NACT treated tumors revealed proteins associated with cell survival and metabolic signaling to be significantly altered in post-NACT treated tumor cells. Comparison of pre-NACT treated tumors from suboptimal (R1) versus optimally (R0) debulked patients identified proteins associated tumor cell viability and invasion signaling enriched in R1 patients. We identified five proteins altered between R1 and R0 patients in pre- NACT treated tumors that significantly correlated with PFS in an independent cohort of HGSOC patients, including Fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2), a protein elevated in R1 that correlated with disease progression in HGSOC patients (multivariate Cox HR=1.65, Wald p = 0.022) and increased metastatic potential in solid-tumor malignancies. Conclusions: This study identified distinct proteome profiles in patient matched pre- and post-NACT HGSOC tumors that correlate with NACT resistance and that may predict residual disease status at IDS that collectively warrant further pre-clinical investigation.
Hofmeister series salts have an unusual effect on the stability of Toxoplasma gondii Ferredoxin NADP+ Reductase
Authors: Singh Kulwant , Akhtar Md. Sohail 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ionic interactions play an important role in the stabilization of native conformation of proteins. Toxoplasma gondii Ferredoxin NADP+ Reductase (TgFNR) remains stable at pH 4.0 however the modulation of ionic interactions leads to the compaction and non-cooperativity in the folding of domains. To gain further insights into the role of ionic interactions in the stability of TgFNR, stabilized at neutral and acidic pH, salt dependent changes in the structure and thermodynamic stability was investigated. The kosmotropic salts (sodium fluoride and sodium sulphate) appears to induce the biphasic response on the structure and stability TgFNR. At pH about 4.0, the addition of low concentrations of kosmotropic salts significantly perturb the existing native like secondary structure of TgFNR, whereas higher quantities of salt reversed the denaturing impact. This is a one-of-a-kind situation that we are unaware of in any other protein. The urea-induced unfolding of TgFNR in the presence of a low dose of salt (100 mM) drastically affected the protein's thermodynamic stability at neutral pH. Increased salt concentrations, on the other hand, reversed the destabilizing effect, and the salts now behave according to their Hofmeister series ranking. Our findings imply that electrostatic interactions are exceptionally significant in the structure and stability of TgFNR, and the abnormal behaviour of the salts may be mediated by the existence of salt bridges, which stabilizes the native conformation of enzyme.
Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: the evolution of technique during pandemic and new scoring protocols. Are we closer to CT scan now? im N I Pirogova Minzdrava Rossii: FGBU Nacional'nyj mediko- hirurgiceskij Centr imeni N I Pirogova Ministerstva zdravoohranenia Rossijskoj Federacii
Authors: Щепарев Иван , Теплые Борис , Киреева Галина Галина , Проценко Денис , Коцюбинский Денис , Бронов Олег , Баланюк Элеонора 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background. Triage of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is very time-sensitive. It allows effective rearrangement of hospital resources and can ultimately result in saving the life of the patient. Challenges of using CT scan in the overwhelmed healthcare system require the search for additional methods to differentiate severe COVID-19 pneumonia. We are proposing a new lung ultrasound (LUS) scoring protocols with good diagnostic characteristics to determine the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia which could be used along with CT scan during triage in emergency settings
Materials and methods. We retrospectively collected data from 161 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, who underwent both CT scan and LUS within 24 hours of admission. Three consecutive LUS protocols, including two originated by the authors (LUS NMHC), have been tested to find the most reliable for the accurate COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis (in terms of correlation with chest CT scan). We also tested the ability of LUS to differentiate between disease severity, as found on CT scans, as well as between different outcomes.
Results. Both 16-zone LUS NMHC and 12-zone LUS NMHC protocols showed good ability to differentiate between moderate (50% on CT scan) and severe lung damage (>50% on CT scan). AUC for the ROC curves were almost identical with 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.90) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.73-0.88) for 16-zone LUS NMHC and 12-zone LUS NMHC protocols, respectively. The 16-zone LUS NMHC had optimal cutoff score of 20 with a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 82%, while 12-zone LUS NMHC provided optimal cutoff score of 15 with the same sensitivity but lower specificity of only 73%. Scores from neither 16-zone or 12-zone LUS NMHC protocols were predictive of the patient outcome.
Conclusion. Newly developed 16-zone LUS NMHC and 12-zone LUS NMHC protocols for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia proved to be feasible and had strong correlation with CT-findings. The 16-zone LUS NMHC protocol was more efficient in the triage of patients who had more than 50% of lung damage on CT. Both protocols could be useful in emergency settings and in the healthcare facilities with limited or no access to CT.
Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Non-linear relationship of maternal age with risk of spontaneous abortion: a case-control study in the China Birth Cohort
Authors: Zhang Man , Yang Bo-Yi , Sun Yongqing , Qian Zhengmin , Xaverius Pamela K. , Aaron Hannah E. , Liu Ruixia , Zhao Xiaoting , Zhang Zheng , Dong Guang-Hui , Yin Chenghong , Yue Wentao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose Spontaneous abortion is one of the prevalent adverse reproductive outcomes, which seriously threatens maternal health around the world. The current study is aimed to evaluate the association between maternal age and risk for spontaneous abortion among adults in China.Methods This was a case-control study based on the China Birth Cohort, we compared 338 cases ending in spontaneous abortion with 1352 controls resulting in live births. The main exposure indicator and outcome indicator were maternal age and spontaneous abortion, respectively. We used both a generalized additive model and a two-piece-wise linear model to determine the association. We further performed interactive analyses to test the robustness of the association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion in different subgroups.Results We observed a J-shaped relationship between maternal age and spontaneous abortion risk, after adjusting for multiple covariates. Further, we found that the optimal threshold age was 29.68 years old. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of spontaneous abortion were 0.97 (0.90-1.06) on the left side of the turning point and 1.25 (1.28-1.31) on the right side. Additionally, none of the covariates studied modified the association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion (P > 0.05).Conclusions Advanced maternal age (>30 years old) was significantly associated with increased spontaneous abortion, supporting a J-shaped association between maternal age and spontaneous abortion.