bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Outcomes of Ultrasound‐Guided Saline Enema in the Treatment of Pediatric Intussusception
Authors: Zhang Min , Jin Linyuan , Tang Xianpeng , Zhou Xiaohui , Hu Qiang , Huang Shaobin , Yu Feng , Yao Zhiguang , Xiao Yaocheng 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesOutcomes of ultrasound‐guided saline enema include successful treatment, unsuccessful treatment, or recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasonic parameters of the ileocecal region during hydrostatic reduction to predict enema outcomes.MethodsUltrasound images of patients diagnosed with ileocolic intussusception and treated with ultrasound‐guided saline enema at two different institutions between January 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to assess ileocecal‐valve diameter (ICVD), intussusceptum thickness (IT), and the ratio of IT to ICVD (I/I). Logistic regression analysis was used to explore correlations between ICVD, IT, I/I, and patient characteristics (sex, age, symptom duration, and enema outcome).ResultsOf 291 patients with ileocolic intussusception (207 boys; mean ICVD, 8.6 [SD: 0.1] mm; mean IT, 26 [SD: 0.2] mm; mean I/I, 3.0 [SD: 0.01]), 268 had first successful reduction; 23, first failed reduction; 7, final failed reduction; and 41, early recurrence. Significant risk factors for failed reduction included symptom duration >24 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 10, P = .012), ICVD ≤ 8.5 mm (OR = 8, P = .01), and I/I > 3.25 (OR = 16, P < .001). Significant risk factors for early recurrence post‐enema included age >1 year (OR = 10, P = .028), ICVD > 8.5 mm (OR = 4, P = .003), and I/I ≤ 2.95 (OR = 6, P < .001).ConclusionsICVD and IT measured during ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction can predict enema outcomes. The mismatch between IT and ICVD is the primary cause of poor outcomes.
Rare and common manifestations of COVID‐19 in children
Authors: Colonna Cristiana , Restano Lucia , Monzani Nicola A. , Zussino Martina , Ponziani Alessandra , Cambiaghi Stefano , Cavalli Riccardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt has been almost 2 years since the first reports on cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19. Those reported in children are different and include macular, papular, lichenoid, vesicular, urticarial, and vascular morphologies, among others. The prognosis of isolated cutaneous involvement in COVID‐19 in children is usually self‐limiting but the extreme variety of clinical presentations complicates the clinical approach.MethodsNumerous reviews have been systematically drafted and edited giving the clinicians a future direction for skin presentations during pandemics.Results and DiscussionHereby we report the rare and common manifestations of COVID‐19 in children and question the recurrence phenomena and age‐related distribution of the eruptions.
The effect of septal deviation on postoperative quality of life in patients undergoing radiofrequency‐assisted turbinate reduction
Authors: Carmel Neiderman Narin N. , Eisenberg Netanela , Caspi Inbar , Halevy Nir , Shpigel Iris , Ziv Baran Tomer , Horowitz Gilad , Ringel Barak , Warshavsky Anton , Abergel Avraham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesInferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) and nasal septum deviation are leading causes of chronic nasal obstruction. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hypertrophic inferior turbinates is effective for improving quality of life (QOL). We aim to assess QOL among patients with nasal obstruction associated with ITH and major deviated nasal septum.MethodsA prospective cohort study comparing the difference in improved QOL among patients with and without septal deviation following RFA treatment between March 2016 and June 2019. The patients formed two groups according to their grade of septal deviation. Patients participating filled in QOL questionnaires (Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 [SNOT‐22] and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation [NOSE]) Pre‐ and 2 months postprocedure.ResultsAll patients demonstrated QOL improvement with no significant difference between those with and those without any degree of deviated septum, as demonstrated by their responses to the SNOT‐22 questionnaire (p = .29), the NOSE questionnaire (p = .93), and the degree of nasal obstruction (question 22 in the SNOT‐22 questionnaire) (p = .14).ConclusionWe conclude that septal deviation to certain degree does not preclude treatment of ITH with RFA nor does it negatively affect subjective improvement of the patient's QOL. Both those with and those without septal deviation will benefit similarly with regards to subjective QOL improvement.
Smart Diffraction Gratings Based on the Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Sun Xiang‐Chao , Zhang Zhi‐Peng , Sun Zhi‐Juan , Zheng Jia‐Xin , Liu Xue‐Qing , Xia Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe shape memory effect is the capability of a structure or a material that can be deformed into a certain temporary shape under external stimulus, and the shape will be fixed without the stimulus. The recovery process can be triggered by the same stimulus. The intelligent tunable device based on the shape memory effect has a wide range of applications in many fields. In the optical field, smart diffraction gratings can accomplish in situ optical diffractions according to requirements, meeting the high demand in the next generation of smart optical systems. However, it is essential to construct high‐precision grating structures based on shape memory materials. Here, a smart diffraction grating based on UV‐curable shape memory polymers (SMPs) via two‐beam interference is reported, with nano‐scale precision, excellent deformability and recovery ability, and adjustable spectroscopic performance. More importantly, based on the shape memory effect, grating structures that surpass the precision of the fabrication system can be obtained. The smart grating exhibits rapid deformation and recovery upon heating and long‐term storage capability, which facilitates them to be applied in optics, electronics, and integrated sensing.
On critical N‐Kirchhoff type equations involving Trudinger–Moser nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Limin , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Ning 
Published: February 2022

In the present paper, we deal with the existence of nontrivial solutions and Nehari‐type ground state solutions to the Kirchhoff type elliptic equations of the form:

where
is a smooth bounded domain,
is a Kirchhoff function, and f(x, s) has critical exponential growth on s which behaviors as
with α0 > 0. Based on a deep analysis and some detailed estimate, we can determine a fine upper bound for the minimax level under weaker assumption on
. Our results generalize and improve the ones in Chen et al. (2021) (Lemma 3.1) and Figueiredo and Severo (2016) (Theorems 1.3 and 1.4) for
and Goyal et al. (2016) (Theorem 1.3) for N ≥ 2.
Technical note: Proton beam dosimetry at ultra‐high dose rates (FLASH): Evaluation of GAFchromic™ (EBT3, EBT‐XD) and OrthoChromic (OC‐1) film performances
Authors: Villoing Daphnée , Koumeir Charbel , Bongrand Arthur , Guertin Arnaud , Haddad Ferid , Métivier Vincent , Poirier Freddy , Potiron Vincent , Servagent Noël , Supiot Stéphane , Delpon Grégory , Chiavassa Sophie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe ARRONAX cyclotron facility offers the possibility to deliver proton beams from low to ultra‐high dose rates (UHDR). As a good control of the dosimetry is a prerequisite of UHDR experimentations, we evaluated in different conditions the usability and the dose rate dependency of several radiochromic films commonly used for dosimetry in radiotherapy.MethodsWe compared the dose rate dependency of three types of radiochromic films: GAFchromic™ EBT3 and GAFchromic™ EBT‐XD (Ashland Inc., Wayne, NJ, USA), and OrthoChromic OC‐1 (OrthoChrome Inc., Hillsborough, NJ, USA), after proton irradiations at various mean dose rates (0.25, 40, 1500, and 7500 Gy/s) and for 10 doses (2–130 Gy). We also evaluated the dose rate dependency of each film considering beam structures, from single pulse to multiple pulses with various frequencies.ResultsEBT3 and EBT‐XD films showed differences of response between conventional (0.25 Gy/s) and UHDR (7500 Gy/s) conditions, above 10 Gy. On the contrary, OC‐1 films did not present overall difference of response for doses except below 3 Gy. We observed an increase of the netOD with the mean dose rate for EBT3 and EBT‐XD films. OC‐1 films did not show any impact of the mean dose rate up to 7500 Gy/s, above 3 Gy. No difference was found based on the beam structure, for all three types of films.ConclusionsEBT3 and EBT‐XD radiochromic films should be used with caution for the dosimetry of UHDR proton beams over 10 Gy. Their overresponse, which increases with mean dose rate and dose, could lead to non‐negligible overestimations of the absolute dose. OC‐1 films are dose rate independent up to 7500 Gy/s in proton beams. Films response is not impacted by the beam structure. A broader investigation of the usability of OC‐1 films in UHDR conditions should be conducted at intermediate and higher mean dose rates and other beam energies.
Experimental and numerical studies on low‐velocity impact damage of composite laminates toughened by nickel‐coated carbon fiber veil
Authors: Liu Hui , Qu Peng , Guo Yunli , Zhou Yong , Wan Guoshun , Jia Yuxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe low‐velocity impact response of carbon fiber composite laminates toughened by nickel‐coated carbon fiber (NiCF) veil interleaves was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental results indicated that the impact resistance of laminates with a layer of NiCF veil of 34 g/m2inserted in the midplane was improved, especially in terms of increased peak impact force and residual compressive strength (by 16.15%), and reduced damage area (by 30.92%). The enhancement mechanisms were attributed to the breakage, pull‐out, and crack bridging of the NiCF veil, as well as the peeling of nickel coating, which enhanced the carbon fiber/resin interfacial adhesion. A numerical model based on continuum damage mechanics and cohesive zone model was developed and its validity was verified. The simulation results confirmed that NiCF veils reduced energy absorption by enhancing the interlaminar properties of laminates, thereby reducing impact damage. Moreover, laminates with higher areal density and more layers of NiCF veils had higher impact force and smaller damage area, and thus had better impact resistance.
The effective thermal conductivity of polymer composites filled with high conductive particles and the shell structure
Authors: Abbasov Hakim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe addition of fillers with high thermal properties to polymer matrices increases the thermal conductivity of the composites in comparison with pure polymers. In the literature, various models have been proposed for predicting the thermal conductivity of polymer composites, where, in order to agree with the experimental data, some control parameters are introduced, the physical meaning of which is sometimes in doubt. In the present paper, a new effective thermal conductivity model of polymers filled with highly conductive particles is proposed. According to this model, the structure of a polymer composite is represented as the sum of two different parts: a structure with uniformly dispersed in polymer and not in contact with each other filler particles, and a structure with randomly distributed polymer particles, completely covered by monolayers of aggregated filler particles (“shell structure”). The comparison shows good agreement between the results of the proposed model and experimental data, in contrast to the results of the Lichtenecker and Mamunya models. Based on the proposed model, the aggregation abilities of filler particles for some polymer composites have been determined.
Evaluating the feasibility of remotely administered curriculum‐based measurement for students with autism: A pilot study
Authors: Mire Sarah S. , Keller‐Margulis Milena A. , Izuno‐Garcia Amy K. , Jellinek Emily R. , Loría Garro Elías S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudents with autism may struggle to develop the academic skills necessary for success in school and beyond. Understanding and improving academic skills performance requires appropriate measurement approaches. One such option that has been minimally studied with students with autism is curriculum‐based measurement (CBM). Coinciding with the need to study different approaches to academic skills measurement for students with autism was the global pandemic which forced a shift to remote service delivery with little warning. While some autistic students struggled with this shift, others thrived, raising questions about how to further support students with autism in virtual formats. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using remotely administered CBM for autistic students by studying both the practicality and acceptability of this approach. Five students with autism (Grades 2–5) participated in this pilot study, completing reading, math, and writing CBMs at three time points. Student behavior and assessor fidelity were collected to examine practicality; assessor ratings of usability provided insight regarding the acceptability of the approach. Results indicated that remotely administered CBM is feasible for some students with autism: all participants completed the study tasks with minimal behavioral difficulties, and assessor ratings of acceptability were high.
Bayesian two‐stage design for phase II oncology trials with binary endpoint
Authors: Chen Lichang , Pan Jianhong , Wu Yanpeng , Wang Jingxian , Chen Fangyao , Zhao Jun , Chen Pingyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn phase II oncology trials, two‐stage design allowing early stopping for futility and/or efficacy is frequently used. However, this design based on frequentist statistical approaches could not guarantee a high posterior probability of attending the pre‐specified clinically interesting rate from a Bayesian perspective. Here, we proposed a new Bayesian design enabling early terminating for efficacy as well as futility. In addition to the clinically uninteresting and interesting response rate, a prior distribution of response rate, the minimum posterior threshold probabilities and the lengths of the highest posterior density intervals were specified in the design. Finally, we defined the feasible design with the highest total effective predictive probability. We studied the properties of the proposed design and applied it to an oncology trial as an example. The proposed design ensured that the observed response rate fell within prespecified levels of posterior probability. The proposed design provides an alternative design to single‐arm two‐stage trials.
From product system to ecosystem: How firms adapt to provide an integrated value proposition
Authors: Stonig Joachim , Schmid Torsten , Müller‐Stewens Günter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryEcosystems represent a key challenge for established firms, shifting their focus from products to system‐level collaboration around integrated value propositions. This longitudinal case study of a machine manufacturer reports how an established firm created an ecosystem to enhance its focal product. Drawing on an activity system lens, we develop a model how firms can achieve fit around an integrated value proposition through mutual adaptation of product and ecosystem activities. This strategic transformation is supported by a shift towards collaborative organizational design. We elaborate on how firms can create non‐generic complementarities between products and the emerging ecosystem through product adaptations, demonstrate the role of internal and external collaboration in developing ecosystem orchestration capabilities, and highlight data generation and processing as critical factors in realizing complementarities.Managerial SummaryDigital ecosystems that enable new integrated value propositions pose a challenge for established firms, as these new activities often fundamentally conflict with the existing product business. Our case study of a machine manufacturer shows how a firm can leverage its product‐focused activities to establish itself as an ecosystem leader through the mutual adaptation of its product and ecosystem activities. The focal firm modularized its products and enhanced their information‐processing capacities while simultaneously embedding them in an integrative platform with open interfaces for partner components. The firm was thus able to realize data‐driven complementarities between the platform and its components. Supporting the ecosystem‐creation process required a shift of the organizational design towards collaboration, both internally and with partners.
Theoretical diversity and inclusivity in science and environmental education research: A way forward
Authors: Hunter Roberta Howard , Richmond Gail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs distinct communities of practice (COP), science education research (SER) and environmental education research (EER) have both matured a great deal in recent decades, coming to include a greater diversity of theoretical perspectives, worldviews, and researcher and participant voices. In this paper, we present a view of theoretical inclusivity that promises a rich, robust research landscape for both EER and SER through the deliberate inclusion of non‐Western theories. This view has several components: it requires researchers to be explicit and clear about their theoretical stances and to use critical reflection to evaluate their research; and it encourages the field to expansively explore phenomena and issues using multiple epistemologies and continue to deepen their focus on developing praxis. EER's interdisciplinary and cross‐disciplinary nature make it uniquely positioned to model such inclusivity and move forward together with SER to create knowledge that is more robust and more just. We identify and discuss three key imperatives for the two fields to embrace this theoretical inclusivity now and the paths forward to support scholars doing work in both EER and SER and for the productive future of these fields.
Naringin alleviates acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 via CHAC2 upregulation
Authors: Zhai Xiaohan , Dai Tiantian , Chi Zhongchao , Zhao Zirui , Wu Gaolei , Yang Shilei , Dong Deshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSevere acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced hepatic damage is the second most common cause for hepatic transplantation. Clinically, hepatic damage caused by APAP is treated using N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, which can induce numerous side effects. Naringin, a bioflavonoid abundant in grapefruit and other citrus fruits, displays marked antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism underlying naringin‐mediated protection against APAP‐induced acute hepatotoxicity. We observed that naringin afforded protection against APAP‐induced acute liver failure in mice. Importantly, pretreatment with naringin before APAP administration further increased antioxidant enzyme expression, inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and activated apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we observed that the protective effect was associated with the upregulation of cation transport regulator‐like protein 2 (CHAC2) and nuclear factor erythroid derived‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Notably, CHAC2 knockdown inhibited Nrf2 activation and naringin‐mediated antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects in APAP‐induced liver injury. Likewise, si‐Nrf2 blocked the protective effect of naringin against APAP‐induced liver injury. Collectively, our results indicate that naringin may be a potent CHAC2 activator, alleviating APAP‐induced hepatitis via CHAC2‐mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway. These data provide new insights into mechanisms through which CHAC2 regulates APAP‐induced liver injury by targeting Nrf2, which should be considered a novel therapeutic target.
Validation of DNA marker‐assisted selection for forage biomass productivity under deficit irrigation in alfalfa
Authors: Singh Lovepreet , Pierce Chris , Santantonio Nicholas , Steiner Robert , Miller Don , Reich Jon , Ray Ian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrought and limited irrigation resources threaten agricultural sustainability in many regions of the world. Application of genomic‐based breeding strategies may benefit crop variety development for these environments. Here, we provide a first report on the effect of deploying DNA marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for the drought resilience quantitative trait in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The goals of this study were to validate the effect of several quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with alfalfa forage and crown–root (CR) biomass during drought and to determine their potential to improve forage yield of elite germplasm under water‐limited conditions. Marker assisted selection was employed to introgress favorable or unfavorable DNA marker alleles affiliated with 10 biomass QTL into three elite backgrounds. Thirty‐two populations were developed and evaluated for forage productivity over 3 yr under continuous deficit irrigation management in New Mexico, USA. Significant yield differences (ranging from −13 to 26%) were detected among some MAS‐derived populations in all three elite backgrounds. Application of QTL MAS generally resulted in expected phenotypic responses within an elite genetic background that was similar to that in which the QTL were originally identified. However, relative performance of the populations varied substantially across the three genetic backgrounds. These outcomes indicate that QTL MAS can significantly affect forage productivity of elite alfalfa germplasm in drought‐stressed environments. However, if biomass QTL are detected in donor germplasm that is genetically dissimilar to targeted elite populations, characterization of donor alleles may be warranted within elite backgrounds of interest to confirm their phenotypic effects prior to implementing MAS‐based breeding.
Wirtschafts- bzw. Unternehmensethik: Eine Analyse des Forschungsstandes
Authors: Fuchs Florian 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem nun im vorigen Kapitel die Relevanz einer reflektierten Beschäftigung mit wirtschaftsethischen Fragen für die Betriebswirtschaftslehre als praktisch-normative Disziplin erarbeitet wurde, befasst sich die Arbeit im Folgenden mit dem aktuellen Forschungsstand der Wirtschafts- und insbesondere der Unternehmensethik. Nach einer terminologischen Präzisierung einiger zentraler Begriffe erfolgt eine Systematisierung der Forschungsrichtungen der Ethik sowie die Einordnung der Wirtschaftsethik als Teildisziplin der angewandten Ethik. Darüber hinaus wird das klassische Dreiebenenmodell der Wirtschaftsethik präsentiert, in welchem die Unternehmensethik auf der Mesoebene verankert wird.
Investigating the Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Classroom Practices of Out-of-Field, In-Field, and Upskilled Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Goos Merrilyn , Guerin Aoife 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study that we report in this chapter contributes to our broader research agenda for evaluating the impact of a national professional development programme that upskills out-of-field post-primary mathematics teachers in Ireland. The aim of the study was to compare the self-efficacy beliefs, perceived and observed classroom practices of six post-primary mathematics teachers (three groups of 2) who were either out-of-field, upskilled via the professional development programme, or in-field. The teachers completed surveys of their self-efficacy beliefs and approaches to teaching mathematics. Video recordings of three mathematics lessons taught by each teacher were analysed using the Productive Pedagogies classroom observation framework. The findings showed that there were similarities and differences between the three groups of teachers; however, the upskilled teachers were developing self-efficacy beliefs and pedagogical practices that are similar to those of in-field teachers of mathematics.