bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RUNX1-deficient human megakaryocytes demonstrate thrombopoietic and platelet half-life and functional defects
Authors: Lee Kiwon , Ahn Hyun Sook , Estevez Brian , Poncz Mortimer 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heterozygous defects in runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) are causative of a familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPDMM). Because RUNX1-deficient animal models do not mimic bleeding disorder or leukemic risk associated with FPDMM, development of a proper model system is critical to understanding the underlying mechanisms of the observed phenotype and to identifying therapeutic interventions. We previously reported an in vitro megakaryopoiesis system comprising human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that recapitulated the FPDMM quantitative megakaryocyte defect through a decrease in RUNX1 expression via a lentiviral short hairpin RNA strategy. We now show that shRX-megakaryocytes have a marked reduction in agonist responsiveness. We then infused shRX-megakaryocytes into immunocompromised NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice and demonstrated that these megakaryocytes released fewer platelets than megakaryocytes transfected with a nontargeting shRNA, and these platelets had a diminished half-life. The platelets were also poorly responsive to agonists, unable to correct thrombus formation in NSG mice homozygous for a R1326H mutation in von Willebrand Factor (VWFR1326H), which switches the species-binding specificity of the VWF from mouse to human glycoprotein Ibα. A small-molecule inhibitor RepSox, which blocks the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway and rescued defective megakaryopoiesis in vitro, corrected the thrombopoietic defect, defects in thrombus formation and platelet half-life, and agonist response in NSG/VWFR1326H mice. Thus, this model recapitulates the defects in FPDMM megakaryocytes and platelets, identifies previously unrecognized defects in thrombopoiesis and platelet half-life, and demonstrates for the first time, reversal of RUNX1 deficiency–induced hemostatic defects by a drug.
The Boundary Between Volume and Surface-Driven Magnetic Properties in Spinel Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Muscas Giuseppe , Congiu Francesco , Concas Giorgio , Cannas Carla , Mameli Valentina , Yaacoub Nader , Hassan Rodaina Sayed , Fiorani Dino , Slimani Sawssen , Peddis Davide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite modern preparation techniques offer the opportunity to tailor the composition, size, and shape of magnetic nanoparticles, understanding and hence controlling the magnetic properties of such entities remains a challenging task, due to the complex interplay between the volume-related properties and the phenomena occurring at the particle’s surface. The present work investigates spinel iron oxide nanoparticles as a model system to quantitatively analyze the crossover between the bulk and the surface-dominated magnetic regimes. The magnetic properties of ensembles of nanoparticles with an average size in the range of 5–13 nm are compared. The role of surface anisotropy and the effect of oleic acid, one of the most common and versatile organic coatings, are discussed. The structural and morphological properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The size dependence of the surface contribution to the effective particle anisotropy and the magnetic structure are analyzed by magnetization measurements and in-field Mössbauer spectrometry. The structural data combined with magnetometry and Mössbauer spectrometry analysis are used to shed light on this complex scenario revealing a crossover between volume and surface-driven properties in the range of 5–7 nm.Graphical Abstract
Deep learning algorithm reveals two prognostic subtypes in patients with gliomas
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhu Mingzhen , Ren Zijing , Zhao Qiang , Wang Puqing , He Colin K. , Zhang Min , Peng Xiaochun , Wu Beilei , Feng Rujia , Fu Minglong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Gliomas are highly complex and heterogeneous tumors, rendering prognosis prediction challenging. The advent of deep learning algorithms and the accessibility of multi-omic data represent a new approach for the identification of survival-sensitive subtypes. Herein, an autoencoder-based approach was used to identify two survival-sensitive subtypes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and DNA methylation (DNAm) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The subtypes were used as labels to build a support vector machine model with cross-validation. We validated the robustness of the model on Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset. DNAm-driven genes were identified by integrating DNAm and gene expression profiling analyses using the R MethylMix package and carried out for further enrichment analysis.

Results
For TCGA dataset, the model produced a high C-index (0.92 ± 0.02), low brier score (0.16 ± 0.02), and significant log-rank p value (p < 0.0001). The model also had a decent performance for CGGA dataset (CGGA DNAm: C-index of 0.70, brier score of 0.21; CGGA RNA-seq: C-index of 0.79, brier score of 0.18). Moreover, we identified 389 DNAm-driven genes of survival-sensitive subtypes, which were significantly enriched in the glutathione metabolism pathway.

Conclusions
Our study identified two survival-sensitive subtypes of glioma and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma development; thus, potentially providing a new target for the prognostic prediction of gliomas and supporting personalized treatment strategies.
Alcohol consumption patterns and the risk of sarcopenia: a population-based cross-sectional study among chinese women and men from Henan province
Authors: Zhai Junya , Ma Baihui , Qin Jin , Lyu Quanjun , Khatun Pipasha , Liang Rui , Cong Minghua , Guo Lijun , Kong Yongxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Sarcopenia is a clinically relevant syndrome with health, social, and economic implications. Alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors for sarcopenia, but it has not been fully investigated in Chinese populations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption patterns (including the volume and frequency of alcohol consumption) and sarcopenia or its elements among Chinese women and men from Henan Province.

Method
A cross-sectional study was designed to collect information about nutrition and health in Henan Province, China, and a total of 680 individuals were studied. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria updated in 2019. Alcohol consumption was calculated in grams per day and divided into three groups. Drinking frequency was divided into four groups. We assessed the likelihood that sarcopenia was associated with drinking patterns using multiple logistic regression analysis by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) after multiple adjustments.

Results
We found that men who consumed > 25 g of ethanol per day were approximately three times more likely to have low muscle mass (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.10–17.05) or low grip strength (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.33–9.92) than nondrinkers after multiple adjustments. In addition, males who consumed alcohol more than 4 times per week were approximately threefold to fivefold more likely to have low muscle mass (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.24–25.55) or low grip strength (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.40–8.74) than nondrinkers. Unfortunately, we did not find a relationship between alcohol consumption patterns and sarcopenia or gait speed among males, and there was no association between alcohol consumption patterns and sarcopenia or any elements.

Conclusion
Heavy alcohol consumption and frequent drinking are important risk factors for low muscle mass and muscle strength in Chinese men from Henan province.
Pandemic-related socioeconomic disruptions and adverse health outcomes: a cross-sectional study of female caregivers
Authors: Brown Erika M. , Fernald Lia C.H. , Hamad Rita , Hoskote Mekhala , Jackson Kaitlyn E. , Gosliner Wendi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to mitigate transmission resulted in sudden and widespread socioeconomic disruptions including school and child care closures, unemployment and underemployment, and housing precarity. Understanding the extent to which these disruptions may have contributed to adverse health outcomes is critical for establishing policy priorities that can mitigate further harm.MethodsWe explored the associations between pandemic-related child care, employment, and housing disruptions with depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and food security status among a sample of economically disadvantaged and racially diverse female caregivers of young children (n=464). Data were derived from the Assessing California Communities’ Experiences with Safety Net Supports (ACCESS) study, which conducted survey-based interviews with California caregivers with low-income from August 2020 – May 2021. We implemented a series of multivariable Poisson regressions with robust standard errors to assess the potency of each exposure, independently and within the context of one another.ResultsMost caregivers experienced disruptions to child care (70%) and employment (63%); few experienced major housing disruptions (8%). Women that experienced child care and housing disruptions had greater depressive symptoms, lower self-rated health, and greater food insecurity, although the relationships for housing and depressive symptoms were modified by the timing of participants’ interviews. Employment disruptions were not associated with any of the examined adverse health outcomes.ConclusionIn the wake of socioeconomic stressors brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, attending to structural deficits in the child care system and increasing housing supports may be critical for protecting the health of caregivers.
Effectiveness of rectal artesunate as pre-referral treatment for severe malaria in children under 5 years of age: a multi-country observational study
Authors: Hetzel Manuel W. , Okitawutshu Jean , Tshefu Antoinette , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Awor Phyllis , Signorell Aita , Brunner Nina C. , Kalenga Jean-Claude , Akano Babatunde K. , Ayodeji Kazeem , Okon Charles , Yusuf Ocheche , Athieno Proscovia , Kimera Joseph , Tumukunde Gloria , Angiro Irene , Delvento Giulia , Lee Tristan T. , Lambiris Mark J. , Kwiatkowski Marek , Cereghetti Nadja , Visser Theodoor , Napier Harriet G. , Cohen Justin M. , Buj Valentina , Burri Christian , Lengeler Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To prevent child deaths from severe malaria, early parenteral treatment is essential. Yet, in remote rural areas, accessing facilities offering parenteral antimalarials may be difficult. A randomised controlled trial found pre-referral treatment with rectal artesunate (RAS) to reduce deaths and disability in children who arrived at a referral facility with delay. This study examined the effectiveness of pre-referral RAS treatment implemented through routine procedures of established community-based health care systems.

Methods
An observational study accompanied the roll-out of RAS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Uganda. Children <5 years of age presenting to a community-based health provider with a positive malaria test and signs of severe malaria were enrolled and followed up during admission and after 28 days to assess their health status and treatment history. The primary outcome was death; covariates of interest included RAS use, referral completion, and post-referral treatment.

Results
Post-roll-out, RAS was administered to 88% of patients in DRC, 52% in Nigeria, and 70% in Uganda. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 6.7% (135/2011) in DRC, 11.7% (69/589) in Nigeria, and 0.5% (19/3686) in Uganda; 13.8% (865/6286) of patients were sick on day 28. The CFR was higher after RAS roll-out in Nigeria (16.1 vs. 4.2%) and stable in DRC (6.7 vs. 6.6%) and Uganda (0.7 vs. 0.3%). In DRC and Nigeria, children receiving RAS were more likely to die than those not receiving RAS (aOR=3.06, 95% CI 1.35–6.92 and aOR=2.16, 95% CI 1.11–4.21, respectively). Only in Uganda, RAS users were less likely to be dead or sick at follow-up (aOR=0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.79). Post-referral parenteral antimalarials plus oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), a proxy for appropriate post-referral treatment, was protective. However, in referral health facilities, ACT was not consistently administered after parenteral treatment (DRC 68.4%, Nigeria 0%, Uganda 70.9%).

Conclusions
Implemented at scale to the recommended target group, pre-referral RAS had no beneficial effect on child survival in three highly malaria-endemic settings. RAS is unlikely to reduce malaria deaths unless health system issues such as referral and quality of care at all levels are addressed.

Trial registration
The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03568344.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and New-onset Type 2 Diabetes in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mori Yuichiro , Duru O Kenrik , Tuttle Katherine R , Fukuma Shingo , Taura Daisuke , Harada Norio , Inagaki Nobuya , Inoue Kosuke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
The preventive effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for new-onset diabetes was investigated in secondary analyses of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, the results were inconsistent.

Objective
This work aimed to synthesize available evidence and evaluate whether SGLT2 inhibitors are effective in preventing new-onset diabetes.

Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through February 11, 2022. Two independent authors screened the search results and extracted summary data from eligible RCTs (including original and post hoc analyses) comparing SGLT2 inhibitors and placebo for the risk of new-onset diabetes among adults with prediabetes. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs.

Results
We included 4 RCTs with 5655 participants who had prediabetes. Based on the random-effects meta-analysis, SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset diabetes (relative risk, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.93). The relative risks of new-onset diabetes in dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52-0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.72-1.04), respectively (P-for-heterogeneity = .14). The frequency of severe hypoglycemia was not elevated in the SGLT2 inhibitors group compared to the placebo group.

Conclusion
In this meta-analysis, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes among adults with prediabetes and heart failure or chronic kidney disease. These findings indicate the potential usefulness of SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing diabetes among high-risk populations with prediabetes.
Acoustic tethering of microorganisms
Authors: Rode M. , Bioue A. , Miano F. , Bruus H. , Kiørboe T. , Andersen A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We show how to construct and apply a setup to acoustically tether and enable behavioral observations of individual microorganisms using simple laboratory equipment and a standard light microscope. We explore the capability of the setup with the freely swimming dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum as the study organism. The setup allows us to tether cells in focus in the mid-plane of the sample chamber and make observations of individual organisms at high magnification without affecting their flagellar beat frequencies. We discuss the prospect of the method to explore appendage motion and swimming kinematics of other flagellates and ciliates, and we argue that the method will be applicable to a broad range of cell sizes and shapes.
Pele branca, máscaras negras
Authors: Garcia Lucas , Da Silva Cabral Gladir 
Published: October 2022

O presente texto reflete sobre o racismo recreativo, tendo em vista a prática da blackface, a partir de um modelo analítico-interpretativo de três textos jornalísticos, presentes na Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira, que noticiaram um quadro teatral intitulado de “Macumba do Morro” no ano de 1931, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizamos, para sustentar nossas considerações e análise, a obra de Adilson Moreira Racismo Recreativo, de modo a questionar algumas consequências do projeto colonial, em especial como a dinâmica da branquitude, impôs a manutenção de privilégios e a restrição de acessos, gerando exclusão, ausências e desigualdades, sem deixar de apontar as manifestações culturais como prática de resistência ao projeto colonial.
Can early pregnancy decorin levels be a potential predictor for preterm birth?
Authors: Ozgen Levent , Ozgen Gülten 
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study investigates the role of maternal decorin levels measured in the early second trimester of pregnancy in detecting the potential for preterm birth in late pregnancy.
Methods: The prospective, case-control study was carried out in tertiary university hospital from June to December 2021.Maternal serum samples were collected from 350 women aged 18–40 years with a singleton pregnancy during early second-trimester screening for aneuploidy, and stored at -80°C. All participants were followed up until delivery and 25 patients diagnosed with preterm birth group and 40 full-term healthy women were included in the study.
Results: The median maternal serum decorin level was 3.82 (1.15–12.37) ng/ml in the preterm birth (PTB) group and 4.63 (1.20–10.02) ng/ml in the control group, there was no statistically difference between the groups (p = 0.111). The mean gestational age was statistically significantly lower in the preterm birth group (33.1±2.7 weeks) than in the control (39±1.16 weeks) (p <0.001). The mean fetal weight was statistically significantly lower in the preterm birth group (2023.8±477 g) than in the control group (3309.7±353 g) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Early second-trimester serum levels of decorin alone may not be a sufficiently accurate biomarker as a biochemical model for the prediction of preterm birth in asymptomatic women.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6551
How to cite this:Ozgen L, Ozgen G. Can early pregnancy decorin levels be a potential predictor for preterm birth? Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6551
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η επίπτωση του τύπου της προσωπικότητας, των κοινωνικών ρόλων και των επαγγελματικών απαιτήσεων στην οπτική ικανότητα και στην ικανοποίηση ασθενών με ψευδοφακική πολυεστιακή διόρθωση πρεσβυωπίας
Authors: Ντόντη Παναγιώτα 
Published: October 2022

Σκοπός: Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή έχει ως ζητούμενο την αξιολόγηση της επίπτωσης του τύπου της προσωπικότητας, των κοινωνικών ρόλων και των επαγγελματικών απαιτήσεων στην οπτική ικανότητα και ικανοποίηση ασθενών με πολυεστιακή διόρθωση της πρεσβυωπίας. Τα αποτελέσματα από την παρούσα διατριβή θα βοηθήσουν στη κατανόηση των αναγκών- επιθυμιών των πρεσβυωπικών ατόμων που αναζητούν χειρουργική διόρθωση.Μέθοδος: Σε ασθενείς που προσέρχονται λόγω καταρράκτη γίνεται ενημέρωση σχετικά με τα οφέλη και τα μειονεκτήματα μιας αμφοτερόπλευρης πολυεστιακής διόρθωσης. Σε όλους τους συμμετέχοντες διαμοιράστηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο ΤΕΧΑΠ 5, το οποίο αξιολογεί την προσωπικότητα. Έπειτα από 6 μήνες μετά την αποθεραπεία από την πολυεστιακή διόρθωση, η αξιολόγηση του βαθμού ικανοποίησής τους εξετάστηκε με τα ερωτηματολόγια NEI- VFQ 25. Η μέθοδος των decision trees, καθώς και η ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τον καθορισμό της συνεισφοράς των στοιχείων προσωπικότητας στις επιλογές και την μετεγχειρητική ικανοποίηση των ασθενών.Αποτελέσματα: Από τους 120 συμμετέχοντες (60 άντρες και 60 γυναίκες), οι 81 (67.5%, 24 άντρες και 57 γυναίκες) επέλεξαν την πολυεστιακή πρεσβυωπική διόρθωση. Στους άντρες, τα χαμηλά ποσοστά νευρωτισμού και τα υψηλά ποσοστά εξωστρέφειας ήταν τα πιο σημαντικά για την επιλογή της πολυεστιακής πρεσβυωπικής διόρθωσης. Στις γυναίκες, όλα τα στοιχεία προσωπικότητας συμμετείχαν στη διαδικασία επιλογής. Ακόμη, οι γυναίκες ήταν πιο απαιτητικές σχετικά με τη μετεγχειρητική τους μακρινή οπτική οξύτητα από τους άντρες (0.1 vs 0.2 logMAR). Η δεκτικότητα στην εμπειρία, η ευσυνειδησία και η εξωστρέφεια ήταν σημαντικά στοιχεία στην τελική ικανοποίηση όλων των ασθενών.Συμπεράσματα: Παρατηρούνται διαφορές ανάμεσα στα δύο φύλλα, όσον αφορά στην διαδικασία επιλογής μιας πολυεστιακής πρεσβυωπικής διόρθωσης, καθώς και διαφορές στην προσδοκώμενη μετεγχειρητική οπτική οξύτητα. Η προσωπικότητα του ασθενούς φαίνεται να διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στο συνολικό μετεγχειρητικό αποτέλεσμα.
Co-designing personalised self-management support for people living with long Covid: The LISTEN protocol
Authors: Heaton-Shrestha Celayne , Torrens-Burton Anna , Leggat Fiona , Islam Ishrat , Busse Monica , Jones Fiona 
Published: October 2022

Background
Long Covid is recognised as a complex condition characterised by multiple, interacting and fluctuating symptoms which impact everyday life in diverse ways. The extent of symptom clusters and variability supports interventions that can accommodate heterogeneity, such as personalised self-management support. This approach is also advocated by people living with long Covid and guidelines published by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Long Covid Personalised Self-managemenT support co-design and EvaluatioN (LISTEN) is one of 15 research projects funded by the UK’s National Institute of Health Research long Covid research programme. LISTEN aims to work with people living with or recovered from long Covid to co-design self-management resources, and a training programme for rehabilitation practitioners to deliver personalised support. The intervention will focus on people not hospitalised for Covid. The protocol presented here details the co-design of the LISTEN intervention which, on completion, will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial.

Methods
The study will utilise an Accelerated Experience-Based Co-Design approach, and involve 30 people from England and Wales with lived experience of long Covid, and 15 rehabilitation practitioners living with, or supporting people with, long Covid. Through online meetings, participants will share their stories of long Covid, their challenges and strategies to live better with or recover from long Covid, their priorities for self-management resources and the practitioner training andcreate, review and refine these resources and the training. Throughout, LISTEN will draw upon the UK standards of public involvement in research.

Discussion
If effective and cost-effective, the intervention will be available across the UK’s National Health Service. The first of its kind, this study could make a difference to the lives of people with long Covid. To ensure impact, we have developed strategies to involve people from diverse backgrounds and mitigate potential barriers to involvement.