bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrazinamide related prolonged drug-induced liver injury: A case report
Authors: Wang Yeh-Chin , Chen Kai-Hsiang , Chen Yen-Lin , Lin Shu-Wen , Liu Wang-Da , Wang Jann-Tay , Hung Chien-Ching 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a common side effect causing treatment discontinuation during tuberculosis (TB) treatment, and pyrazinamide (PZA) usually leads to a delayed and prolonged abnormal liver function of the 4 standard anti-tuberculosis regimens. However, a prolonged hepatitis lasting more than 4 months is rarely reported.

Patient concerns:
A 78-year-old man presented with general weakness and poor appetite on his seventh week of anti-TB treatment for tuberculosis lymphadenitis.

Diagnosis:
Drug induced liver injury, PZA-related. NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype was accidentally found during workup of DILI.

Intervention:
A liver biopsy was performed and PZA-related DILI was suspected. All anti-TB medications were therefore discontinued.

Outcome:
After withholding all anti-TB medications for 4 months, the elevations of aminotransferases and hyperbilirubinemia completely resolved. Anti-TB therapy was switched to ethambutol and levofloxacin for 15 months without adverse events. Long-term ultrasound follow-up was performed and cervical lymphadenopathy completely resolved.

Conclusion:
Our patient presents with PZA related prolonged DILI resolved after drug discontinuation for 4 months. NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype may be related to this condition through unknown mechanisms.
Esophageal Bougienage for Management of Lodged Esophageal Coins
Authors: Warner Tessa N. , Genereux Madeline , Price Amanda B. , Titus M. Olivia , Moake Matthew M. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study are to evaluate outcomes of esophageal bougienage for management of lodged esophageal coins and to assess the extent of bougienage usage and barriers among emergency providers.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with single lodged esophageal coins presenting to our single academic pediatric emergency department between November 2012 and December 2018. We compared procedural outcomes, complications, length of stay (LOS), and cost between those managed with bougienage and with endoscopy. We further surveyed emergency physicians to assess the extent of bougienage usage and barriers to utilization across different institutions.

Results
We identified 205 patients with single lodged esophageal coins presenting during our study window. One hundred forty-seven patients ultimately underwent bougienage with 97% success and no major complications. Fifty-six patients were managed by endoscopy with 100% success and one major complication. Bougienage had significantly lower LOS (median 2.18 vs 11.92 hours, P < 0.001) and hospital charges (median $3533 vs $12,679, P < 0.001) compared with endoscopy. We received 242 completed surveys representing 38 states from primarily academic pediatric emergency physicians. The majority of respondents (90%) used specialist consult with only 4.5% performing bougienage. A total of 36.4% of respondents had never heard of the procedure and only 16.1% had ever performed it. Barriers to usage included lack of provider training (95.6%), perceived risk of complications (94.4%), and perceived lack of success (80.5%).

Conclusions
Bougienage is safe and effective with significant LOS and cost benefits compared with endoscopy. Despite these advantages, the procedure is underused, because of lack of provider education and concerns regarding safety, efficacy, and both family and specialist preference, which are not supported by current literature. These data support the need for broader education regarding the bougienage technique, as well as larger prospective studies of its safety and outcomes.
A Von Hippel-Lindau Disease–Associated Microcystic Adenoma of the Ethmoid Sinus Mimicking Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tsukamoto Suzune , Koyasu Sho , Sugimoto Akihiko , Matsunaga Mami , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 38-year-old man with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and a history of renal cell carcinoma presented with a 2-month history of recurrent epistaxis. MRI revealed a microcystic tumor in the left ethmoid sinus with strong contrast enhancement. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed FDG uptake (SUVmax, 4.2) in the lesion. Under the suspicion of renal cell carcinoma metastasis, the patient underwent 2 surgical resections. However, based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, the patient was finally diagnosed with a VHL-associated microcystic adenoma of the ethmoid sinus, which is an extremely rare tumor that occurs in VHL disease.
Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18F-THK5351
Authors: Imabayashi Etsuko , Saitoh Yuji , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Sakata Masuhiro , Takano Harumasa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Alzheimer disease (AD) brain is characterized microscopically by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles consisting of phosphorylated tau aggregations. 18F-THK5351 is a first-generation PET tau tracer that also binds to monoamine oxidase B, which represents astrogliosis, and is useful to evaluate some non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. We examined the utility of 18F-THK5351 in preclinical AD using 3-dimensional stereotactic surface projection images optimized for its pathological accumulation by comparison with a normal dataset. By using this 18F-THK5351 3-dimensional stereotactic surface projection procedure, which can evaluate phosphorylated tau and neuroinflammation, we could diagnose preclinical AD effectively.
Serious Condylar Head Absorption in Children With Intracapsular Condylar Fractures Treated Operatively With Long Screws
Authors: Xu Jun-Yi , Zhou Hai-Hua , Lv Kun , Yang Rong-Tao , Li Zhi , Li Zu-Bing 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
This study was performed to explore bone remodelling in children with intracapsular condylar fractures after the condylar fracture fragments were fixed using long screws and to offer possible explanations about the underlying mechanism.

Patient and Methods:
Records of children (less than 12 y old) who sustained intracapsular condylar fractures and fixed with long screws from May 2012 to January 2015 were retrieved. Age, gender, dates of injury, admission, and discharge, mechanism of trauma, location and pattern of fracture, other mandibular fractures, treatment methods, and time of review were recorded and analyzed. Image dates of pretreatments and posttreatments, including the date of review, were also recorded.

Results:
A total of 8 patients completed their follow-up, and all patients (n=5) who were followed up after more than 3 months showed serious resorption of the condylar head. The condylar head resorbed until the height (or articular surface) dropped and aligned with the surface of the screw. The shortest time of absorption, as shown by the computed tomography scan was 106 days, and the longest time was 171 days (average time of 141.8 d).

Conclusions:
Intracapsular condyle fractures in children should be managed conservatively as much as possible. However, if the height of the fracture fragments drops remarkably, open reduction and rigid internal fixation become possible choices.
Ultrathin Supratrochlear Artery Cutaneous Branch Flaps for Large Defects Around Eyebrows
Authors: Liu Ying , Dai Xinyue , Li Ning , Lv Tianqi , Che Dehui , Han Jiyu , Dai Yue , Xiao Zhibo 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The key point of repairing large defects around eyebrows is to keep the eyebrow undistorted. The limited skin elevates the application difficulty of conventional methods such as direct suture or local flap. Forehead pedicle flaps do well in tension control. However, most of them are too thick for defects because the frontalis muscle must be included. Recently, 1 stable supratrochlear artery cutaneous branch was found, which provides an opportunity to make an ultrathin forehead flap with a good blood supply. This study aims to investigate whether the supratrochlear artery cutaneous branch flap could perform good esthetic reconstruction for defects around the eyebrow.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively included 15 patients whose defect around the eyebrows was repaired by the supratrochlear artery cutaneous branch flap from June 2017 to June 2020. The authors followed up about their flap color and texture, scar, abnormal sensation, any complication, recurrence, and patient satisfaction for at least 6 months online or face-to-face.

Results:
All of the flaps survived, without distortion of the eyebrows or inner canthi. Similar flap color, texture, and thickness with the nearby skin were obtained, except 2 patients reported pigmentation. Donor and receptor scars were acceptable. There was no recurrence or other complications. All of the patients were satisfied with the surgery effect.

Conclusions:
The supratrochlear artery cutaneous branch flap is a valuable alternative method to repair large defects around the eyebrows. It can avoid facial distortion and achieve good esthetic outcomes in single-stage surgery.
Intraoperative Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Surgery: A Scoping Review of Current Development Stages and Levels of Autonomy
Authors: Vasey Baptiste , Lippert Karoline A.N. , Khan Danyal Z. , Ibrahim Mudathir , Koh Chan Hee , Layard Horsfall Hugo , Lee Keng Siang , Williams Simon , Marcus Hani J. , McCulloch Peter 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify intraoperative artificial intelligence (AI) applications for robotic surgery under development and categorize them by (1) purpose of the applications, (2) level of autonomy, (3) stage of development, and (4) type of measured outcome.

Background:
In robotic surgery, AI-based applications have the potential to disrupt a field so far based on a master-slave paradigm. However, there is no available overview about this technology’s current stage of development and level of autonomy.

Methods:
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched between January 1, 2010 and May 21, 2022. Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. The level of autonomy was defined according to the Yang and colleagues’ classification and stage of development according to the Idea, Development, Evaluation, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up framework.

Results:
One hundred twenty-nine studies were included in the review. Ninety-seven studies (75%) described applications providing Robot Assistance (autonomy level 1), 30 studies (23%) application enabling Task Autonomy (autonomy level 2), and 2 studies (2%) application achieving Conditional autonomy (autonomy level 3). All studies were at Idea, Development, Evaluation, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up stage 0 and no clinical investigations on humans were found. One hundred sixteen (90%) conducted in silico or ex vivo experiments on inorganic material, 9 (7%) ex vivo experiments on organic material, and 4 (3%) performed in vivo experiments in porcine models.

Conclusions:
Clinical evaluation of intraoperative AI applications for robotic surgery is still in its infancy and most applications have a low level of autonomy. With increasing levels of autonomy, the evaluation focus seems to shift from AI-specific metrics to process outcomes, although common standards are needed to allow comparison between systems.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PSYCHOEDUCATION OF ELDERLY WITH DEPRESSION IN PUBLIC HEALTH: PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY
Authors: Nurhidayati Tri , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Nadya Cindy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe increasing number of elderly is a new challenge for the government and health care. The elderly can experience psychological disorders, one of which is depression. The phenomenon of depression that occurs can make sadness and affect the risk of suicide in the elderly. The lack of integration between mental health and primary healthcare services and the shortage of mental health specialists in the public health system contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of depression.One of the strategy to reduce depression is psychoeducation. The purpose of this study was to describe appropriate psychoeducation for elderly people with depression in public health.Methodologythis research design is a literature review, and article using 4 databases, science direct, ProQuest, PubMed, and CINHAL. 16 Article reviewed from 2018 to 2022. The keywords used in the literature search were: 1) psychoeducatioan AND depression AND elderly OR geriatric 2) Depression AND elderly OR geriatric. Protocol and evaluation of literature review using PRISMA checklist and Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline.ResultsPsychoeducation can be carried out with various themes, namely providing health information for the elderly such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, maintaining daily routines, stress management, solving depression problems, social skills, breathing exercises, and information on drug side effects. Psychoeducation is more effective with involving friends, family, and the community.ConclusionDepression among the elderly will become the world’s problem in the future. Therefore, the quality of elderly depression care needs to be improved. Psychoeducation is more effective by involving family, friends and social environment. Hence, specific psychoeducation for elderly depression can be one of the standards in nursing competencies.
Mutational spectra distinguish SARS-CoV-2 replication niches
Authors: Ruis Christopher , Peacock Thomas P. , Polo Luis Mariano , Masone Diego , Alvarez Maria Soledad , Hinrichs Angie S. , Turakhia Yatish , Cheng Ye , McBroome Jakob , Corbett-Detig Russell , Parkhill Julian , Floto R. Andres 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExposure to different mutagens leaves distinct mutational patterns that can allow prediction of pathogen replication niches (Ruis 2022). We therefore hypothesised that analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutational spectra might show lineage-specific differences, dependant on the dominant site(s) of replication and onwards transmission, and could therefore rapidly infer virulence of emergent variants of concern (VOC; Konings 2021). Through mutational spectrum analysis, we found a significant reduction in G>T mutations in Omicron, which replicates in the upper respiratory tract (URT), compared to other lineages, which replicate in both upper and lower respiratory tracts (LRT). Mutational analysis of other viruses and bacteria indicates a robust, generalisable association of high G>T mutations with replication within the LRT. Monitoring G>T mutation rates over time, we found early separation of Omicron from Beta, Gamma and Delta, while the mutational burden in Alpha varied consistent with changes in transmission source as social restrictions were lifted. This supports the use of mutational spectra to infer niches of established and emergent pathogens.
Simple Neurofeedback via Machine Learning: Challenges in real time multivariate assessment of meditation state
Authors: Kuriakose Sruthi Susan , Swamy Aishwarya , Venugopal Rahul , Sasidharan Arun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAttaining proficiency in meditation is difficult, especially without feedback since the mind may be easily distracted with thoughts and only long term efforts see any impact. Self-regulation would be much more effective if provided real time assessment and this can be achieved through EEG neurofeedback. Therefore, this work proposes a scheme for assessing meditation-like state in real time from short EEG segments, using low computational settings. Signal processing techniques are used to extract features from long term meditation practitioners’ multichannel EEG data. An autoencoder model is then trained on these features such that the model can be run in real time. Its reconstruction errors or its latent variables are used to provide non typical feedback parameters which are used to establish an objective measure of meditation ability. Our approach is optimised to have lightweight architectures handling small blocks of data and can be conveniently used on low density EEG acquisition systems as it requires only a few channels. However, our experimental results suggest that the meditation state has substantial overlap even in terms of multivariate EEG features and show prominent temporal dynamics, both of which are not captured using simple one class algorithms. Being an extremely flexible one-class model, we have described multiple improvements to the proposed autoencoder model to address the above issues and develop simple yet high precision neurofeedback protocols.
Pronounced State Level Disparities in Medicaid Prescribing of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder (2019-2020)
Authors: Dana Sydney R. , Nichols Stephanie D. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze buprenorphine prescription distribution across states in Medicaid patients during 2019-2020.MethodsBuprenorphine prescriptions per Medicaid enrollee per state was calculated for 2019 and 2020. The totals of monoproduct buprenorphine were divided over the total of combination buprenorphine/naloxone in 2019 and 2020 to obtain the ratio of mono/combo. Data analysis was conducted with generic and brand name formulations of buprenorphine, and transmucosal buprenorphine/ naloxone combinations FDA-approved for OUD using Microsoft Excel. Formulations of buprenorphine indicated for pain were excluded. States outside 95% confidence intervals (mean +1.96*SD) were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall change in buprenorphine prescribing between 2019 and 2020 was modest (+3.6%) but highly variable with > 10% increases in 17 states (Iowa = +100.5%, p < 0.05) but > 10% decrease in nine states (Alabama = −68.5%, p < 0.05). Total amount reimbursed in 2019 increased (+9.9%) to $1.42 billion in 2020. Branded formulations accounted for two-fifths (39.5%) of prescribing but over two-thirds (66.8%) of spending in 2020. There was a 50-fold difference in prescribing between the highest (Vermont = 219.5 prescription / 1,000 enrollees, p < 0.05) and lowest (Texas = 4.4) states in 2019. This disparity increased in 2020 resulting in a 278-fold difference.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated state-level disparities in buprenorphine prescribing for OUD among Medicaid patients. Legislation on buprenorphine waivered providers and Medicaid expansion may explain the statistically significant percent changes in state buprenorphine prescriptions.
Differences in cardiac vagal modulation and cortisol response in adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Thoen Anoushka , Alaerts Kaat , Steyaert Jean , Pleysier Sophie , Van Damme Tine 
Published: September 2022

PurposePrevious research pointed towards a need of enhanced understanding of cardiac vagal modulation during resting and stress conditions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This cross-sectional study addressed the following hypotheses: lower values of cardiac vagal modulation will be found in adolescents with ASD in comparison to typically developing (TD) peers; different levels of cardiac vagal reactivity and recovery will be found in adolescents with ASD; lower cardiac vagal modulation in adolescents with ASD is associated with lower psychosocial functioning and higher cortisol levels.MethodsAge and gender matched groups of adolescents (13-17 year) with ASD (n=47) and TD peers (n=47) were included. Heart rate, breathing frequency and cortisol levels were determined during baseline and a standardized stress-provoking assessment. Behavioral data concerning autism and behavioral characteristics were collected prior to the assessment.ResultsAdolescents with ASD displayed lower levels of cardiac vagal modulation during baseline and stress-provocation compared to their TD peers. However, levels of cardiac vagal reactivity and recovery were similar across groups. Weak to moderate associations were found between the level of cardiac vagal modulation and self- and parent-reported measures of autism characteristics and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with ASD. No significant associations were found between baseline cortisol levels and cardiac vagal modulation in both groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest a parasympathetic hypo-activity in adolescents with ASD and, although the level of reactivity and recovery was the same as TD peers, this hypo-activity is related to several aspects of psychosocial functioning.
Superposition of Droplet and Aerosol risk in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: McCarthy John E. , Dewitt Barry D. , Dumas Bob A. , Bennett James S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesConsidering three viral transmission routes: fomite contact, aerial transmission by droplets, and aerial transmission by aerosols, the aerial routes have been the focus of debate about the relative role of droplets and aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We seek to quantify infection risk in an enclosed space via short-range airborne transmission from droplets and long-range risk from aerosols toward focusing public health measures.MethodsData from three published studies were analyzed to predict relative exposure at distances of 1 m and farther, mediated by droplet size divided into two bins: larger than 8 µm and smaller than 75 µm (medium droplets) and smaller than 8 µm (small droplets or aerosols). The results at 1 m from an infectious individual were treated as a boundary condition to model infection risk at greater distance. At all distances, infection risk was treated as the sum of exposure to small and medium droplets. It was assumed that number of virions is proportional to droplet volume.ResultsThe largest infection risk (as exposure to droplet volume) came from medium droplets, close to the infectious individual out to approximately 1 m. Farther away, the largest risk was due to aerosols. For one model, medium droplet exposure disappeared at 1.8 m.ConclusionsPolicy concerning social distancing for meaningful infection reduction relies on droplet exposure as a function of distance, yet within this construct droplet size determines respiratory deposition. This two-fold distance effect can be used to evaluate additional measures such as plexiglass barriers and masking.
Effect of COVID-19 on Food Choices and Eating Behaviour: a study protocol
Authors: McCormack Jessica C. , Doughty Emily , Ebron Shaina , Peng Mei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsResearch suggests that many individuals infected with COVID-19 experience changes in taste and smell that can persist for months after the initial infection. These sensory changes can potentially have long-term impacts on dietary choices, nutrition, and body weight. The aim of this study is to explore COVID-related changes in dietary intake among University Students.MethodsA retrospective cohort design will be used to compare a cohort of University Students who experienced COVID-19 infection versus pre-existing data collected from a similar cohort prior to the pandemic. Specifically, the pre-existing data were collected between July 2017 and July 2021. Both datasets comprise of a weighed Food Record and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. The cohort will also be asked about their experience with COVID-19 and changes in their eating behaviour since before the pandemic. Total daily energy intake, macronutrient intake and composition, will be compared across groups using an ANCOVA analysis controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity.DiscussionUnderstanding the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection is crucial. While COVID-related sensory changes are hypothesised to have impacts on eating behaviour and dietary choices, it is challenging to perform controlled cohort studies due to the high prevalence of undetected infections. The proposed temporal analyses provide a unique opportunity to test for COVID-related impacts on eating behaviour.