bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E in a Portuguese cohort of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: High seroprevalence but no chronic infections
Authors: Filipe Rita , Prista‐Leão Beatriz , Silva‐Pinto André , Abreu Isabel , Serrão Rosário , Costa Rosário , Guedes Edite , Sobrinho‐Simões Joana , Sarmento António , Koch Carmo , Santos Lurdes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes zoonotic hepatitis in Europe, with a higher risk of complications in immunocompromised hosts. HEV natural history in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients is not fully understood, and its prevalence is unknown.ObjectivesTo study the seroprevalence of HEV and prevalence of chronic HEV in HIV‐positive patients from Porto, Portugal.MethodsWe randomly selected patients from the cohort of HIV‐positive patients followed in our hospital. We performed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to search for immunoglobulin G for HEV. When the absorbance/cut‐off was inferior to 3.5, the test was repeated, and a confirmatory test executed in that sample. For reactive tests and for immunosuppressed patients (CD4 count < 200/mm3) with nonreactive test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also performed.ResultsWe included 299 patients. The mean age was 48 and 75.3% were men. Regarding HIV infection, the median follow‐up time was 10 years, the acquisition was mainly heterosexual contact, and 94% were on antiretroviral therapy. Seventy‐six patients (25.4%) had reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) hepatitis E serology. Patients with a reactive test were older (statistically significant difference). Otherwise, there was no difference between groups concerning birthplace, rural residence, chronic viral hepatitis coinfection, or cirrhosis. Nadir and actual TCD4+ lymphocyte counts did not differ significantly from patients with HEV reactive and nonreactive serology. Gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) was higher in patients with reactive IgG HEV. All serum HEV PCR tests were negative.ConclusionsSeroprevalence of HEV was 25.4% in HIV‐positive patients. Older age and higher GGT correlated to HEV reactive IgG test. No cases of current hepatitis E were found.
New infinite classes of 2‐chromatic Steiner quadruple systems
Authors: Ji Lijun , Liu Shuangqing , Yang Ye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 1971, Doyen and Vandensavel gave a special doubling construction that gives a direct construction of 2‐chromatic Steiner quadruple system of order (SQS) for all or . The first author presented a construction for 2‐chromatic SQSs based on 2‐chromatic candelabra quadruple systems and ‐fan designs. In this paper, it is proved that a 2‐chromatic SQS also exists if , or if .
Hybrid model of compounded and multichamber bag parenteral nutrition for adults with chronic intestinal failure
Authors: Harrison Simon , Kopczynska Maja , Leahy Gavin , Taylor Michael , Farrer Kirstine , Barrett Maria , Mallawaarachchi Pearl , Abraham Arun , Teubner Antje , Lal Simon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough international guidelines support the use of commercially available multichamber bags (MCBs), the majority of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in the United Kingdom has been compounded PN, tailored to the patient. However, national capacity limitations in aseptic facilities have necessitated the increased use of MCBs. There are no studies evaluating the appropriateness or benefits of using a “hybrid” regimen incorporating both MCBs and compounded PN in patients already established on compounded HPN.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional audit evaluation conducted on September 1, 2021, at a national United Kingdom reference center. All HPN‐dependent adults prescribed HPN for chronic intestinal failure were assessed by a multidisciplinary team for their potential of being switched to a “hybrid” regimen of MCBs and compounded PN.ResultsOf 180 patients currently receiving compounded HPN that included intravenous nitrogen with glucose ± lipid, 65 (36.1%) were deemed clinically suitable for a hybrid PN regimen, with minimal variance in PN constituents per week (volume 0%, non‐nitrogen kilocalories 0%, nitrogen 0%, fat −0.2%, glucose 0%, sodium 0%, potassium 0%, calcium 0%, magnesium 0%, and phosphate −0.1%) and requiring no additional central venous catheter manipulations. The potential reduction in compounded PN would reduce by 3627 bags per year, equating to a cost saving of £141,453 per year (equivalent to $178,885).ConclusionWider use of hybrid MCB/compounded HPN regimens could lead to a reduction in the need for compounded PN to be produced by aseptic facilities. Further evaluation of acceptability and tolerance of hybrid regimens by patients already receiving compounded HPN is required.
Plant functional groups shift their nitrogen uptake during restoration of degraded alpine grasslands
Authors: Liu Min , Zhu Tongbin , Tian Yuqiang , Xu Xingliang , Wang Yanfen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlpine grasslands are undergoing severe degradation and are mainly restored through fencing. Numerous studies have explored the patterns, processes, and mechanisms of plant and soil during degradation, but few have been conducted on nitrogen (N) uptake by plant functional groups during restoration. An alpine meadow and an alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau were chosen to carry outin situ15N labelling experiments in the forms of NH4+, NO3−, and glycine during restoration. Short‐, moderate‐, and long‐term restoration periods were explored, and plants were classified by functional groups into grasses, sedges, and forbs. Our results found biomass of grasses increased and that of sedges decreased with restoration in alpine meadow. In alpine steppe, forbs gradually became dominant in the community biomass by 58% during restoration. Long‐term restoration increased NH4+uptake by grasses in alpine meadow. The total N uptake rates by grasses increased, but by forbs decreased during restoration in alpine meadow. Restoration decreased the total N uptake rates of grasses and forbs in alpine steppe. Chemical niche in N uptake was discovered during long‐term restoration in alpine meadow and during moderate‐term restoration in alpine steppe. We conclude that restoration alters the biomass composition of grasses, sedges, and forbs in alpine grasslands and shifts N uptake partitions. Chemical niche in N uptake by different functional groups in grasslands during restoration can decrease the fierce competition for N. Our results provide a synthesis for plant N utilization from soil during restoration of degraded grasslands from the perspective of shifting N uptake strategies.
The anatomy of the foramina and efferent nerve fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion in posterolateral nasal wall
Authors: Ogi Kazuhiro , Valentine Rowan , Suzuki Masanobu , Fujieda Shigeharu , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe advance of endoscopic surgery has enabled selective section of the postganglionic nerve branches from pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) as a modification of the vidian neurectomy. Recent microanatomic studies have suggested that the nasal mucosa is also innervated by multiple efferent rami associated with the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) in the procedure “posterior nasal neurectomy.” This anatomic cadaveric study aims to identify all postganglionic nerve fibers in the lateral nasal wall which should inform future surgical procedures aimed at interrupting these nerve fibers.MethodsTwo cadaver heads, with a total of three individual sides, were dissected. All neurovascular structures penetrating the vertical plate of palatine bone were carefully identified following meticulous removal of the overlying mucosa layers. The efferent nerve fibers were identified and dissected back to their origin—the PPG or greater palatine nerve.ResultsSeveral foramina with efferent PPG nerves were identified on the vertical plate of the palatine bone and medial pterygoid plate. The superior, middle, and inferior turbinates (IT) were innervated by efferent nerves from the PPG via the anterior region of the SPA. The IT was innervated from nerves originating from behind the SPA through bony foramina. The lateral wall of inferior meatus was innervated by efferent nerves that originated from greater palatine nerve and pharyngeal nerve.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the anatomical positions of the postganglionic nerves that innervate the lateral nasal wall. These nerves are located anterior to the SPA as well as posterior to the SPA, where they penetrate the palatine bone.Level of evidence: NA.
A multi‐institutional study evaluating and describing atypical parathyroid tumors discovered after parathyroidectomy
Authors: Tang Alice L. , Aunins Benjamin , Chang Katherine , Wang James C. , Hagen Matthew , Jiang Lan , Lee Cortney Y. , Randle Reese W. , Houlton Jeffery J. , Sloan David , Steward David L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe common intraoperative and pathologic findings of atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) and evaluate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy.MethodsIn this multi‐institutional retrospective case series, data were collected from patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2000 to 2018 from three tertiary care institutions. APTs were defined according to the AJCC eighth edition guidelines and retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, recurrence of disease, and disease‐specific mortality.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were identified with a histopathologic diagnosis of atypical tumor. Mean age was 56 years (range, 23–83) and 68% (19/28) were female. All patients had an initial diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism with 21% (6/28) exhibiting clinical loss of bone density and 32% (9/28) presenting with nephrolithiasis or renal dysfunction. Intraoperatively, 29% (8/28) required thyroid lobectomy, 29% (8/28) had gross adherence to adjacent structures and 46% (13/28) had RLN adherence. The most common pathologic finding was fibrosis 46% (13/28). Postoperative complications include RLN paresis/paralysis in 14% (4/28) and hungry bone syndrome in 7% (2/28). No patients with a diagnosis of atypical tumor developed recurrent disease, however there was one patient that had persistent disease and hypercalcemia that is being observed. There were 96% (27/28) patients alive at last follow‐up, with one death unrelated to disease.ConclusionDespite the new AJCC categorization of atypical tumors staged as Tis, we observed no recurrence of disease after resection and no disease‐specific mortality. However, patients with atypical tumors may be at increased risk for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and incomplete resection.
Local Populations of Eastern Oyster from Louisiana Differ in Low-Salinity Tolerance
Authors: Swam Lauren M. , La Peyre Megan K. , Callam Brian R. , La Peyre Jerome F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica support a critical commercial industry and provide many ecosystem services to coastal estuaries yet are currently threatened by changing estuarine conditions. A changing climate and the effects of river and coastal management are altering freshwater inflows into productive oyster areas, causing more frequent and extreme salinity exposure. Although eastern oysters are tolerant to a wide range of salinity means and variations, more frequent and extreme exposure to low salinity (&lt;5‰) impacts oyster populations and aquaculture operations. This study assessed four Louisiana eastern oyster stocks to explore population-specific responses to low-salinity exposure. Hatchery-produced progeny (10–25 mm) were deployed in baskets kept off-bottom on longline systems in a low-salinity (mean ± 1 standard error of the mean daily salinity = 8.7 ± 0.2‰; range = 1.2–19.0‰) and a moderate-salinity (16.8 ± 0.3‰; 4.8–30.0‰) environment for 1 year, beginning in December 2019, with growth and mortality determined monthly. Significant differences in cumulative mortality between stocks at the end of the study were found at the low-salinity site, with the greatest increase in cumulative mortality occurring mid-July to mid-August. Mortality differences between stocks suggest that some eastern oyster populations (i.e., stocks) may be better suited to low salinity or low-salinity events than others. This difference may be attributed to similarity between site of origin and grow-out site conditions and/or to greater salinity variability and therefore higher phenotypic plasticity in some eastern oyster populations compared with others. The identification of oyster stocks able to survive under extreme low-salinity conditions may facilitate the development of “low-salinity-tolerant” broodstock to support aquaculture in areas experiencing and predicted to experience low-salinity events.
Non‐statistical dynamics for the allene oxide to cyclopropanone conversion
Authors: Rush Lydia A. , Gallo Kara F. , Stumetz Kyle S. , Rodríguez‐Pérez Ismael A. , Cremeens Matthew E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhether one is interested in mode selective chemistry or non‐statistical reaction dynamics, understanding which vibrational modes contribute to a reaction is important. We investigated the ring‐opening of 2‐methylideneoxirane (a.k.a., allene oxide) to the oxyallyl diradical and subsequent ring‐closure to cyclopropanone using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and atom centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) molecular dynamics in Gaussian. DFT calculations for this ring‐opening and subsequent ring‐closure show that the energetics allow for the possibility of non‐statistical events, as suggested by the similarities between the imaginary vibrational modes and a twisting motion. ADMP simulations starting near the ring‐opening transition state lead to faster ring‐closure than for simulations starting from the intermediate diradical with the same energy. Analysis of the simulation data identified the presence of a vibrational state near 200 cm−1, corresponding to a disrotatory twisting motion. Selectively exciting this mode leads to a fast reaction time of 50 fs. This work predicts non‐statistical dynamics in the conversion of allene oxide to cyclopropanone.
Insights into the influence of functional groups on the properties of graphene from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Liang Sihao , Gao Peng , Wang An , Zeng Chunhua , Bao Guirong , Tian Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are a kind of popular carbon nanomaterials with many functional groups that can be used in catalysis. However, in terms of calculation and simulation, most researchers choose to simplify CDs to pure graphene (GR) or graphene doped with nitrogen, boron, oxygen, and other elements due to the complexity of the calculation. In this study, the effects of adsorption of some functional groups (carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl) on the properties of graphene have been investigated through first‐principles calculations. The calculated results suggest that the adsorbed carboxyl group on graphene is relatively unstable, while the amino and hydroxyl groups can form covalent bonds with carbon atoms on the graphene and capture some electrons. When the bi‐functional groups are adsorbed on the para or ortho position, it is beneficial for enhancing their stability on the graphene. However, when the bi‐functional groups are adsorbed on the meta position, it will reduce the stability of the functionalized graphene. This research is beneficial for evaluating the specific functional groups on the surface of CDs, and it has particular significance for the simulation and modeling of CDs.
Nano‐Scale Particle Separation with Tilted Standing Surface Acoustic Wave: Experimental and Numerical Approaches
Authors: Taatizadeh Erfan , Dalili Arash , Tahmooressi Hamed , Tasnim Nishat , Li Isaac T. S. , Hoorfar Mina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo eliminate the precise microchannel alignment requirement for parallel surface acoustic wave (pSSAW) fabrication, a tilted standing surface acoustic wave (tSSAW) is incorporated in many studies recently. In tSSAW, the microchannel is tilted at a specific angle (θ) instead of being parallel to interdigital transducer fingers. This causes the pressure node lines to be formed in the tilted direction to the fluid flow, which leads to better controllability in the separation or manipulation of the particles and higher efficiency. In this study, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) simulation to study the effect of the tSSAW device parameters to maximize its performance in particle separation. The outcomes of the 3D simulation of tSSAW devices indicate that the optimum values of the microchannel tilt angle (θ) and the aperture length must be between 5° ≤ θ ≤ 15° and the same as the microchannel length, respectively. The optimum values are considered in the fabrication of the tSSAW device, where it is tested with 20 μm, 15 μm, and 600 nm polystyrene particles.
MicroRNAs miR‐14 and miR‐2766 regulate tyrosine hydroxylase to control larval–pupal metamorphosis in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Shen Zhong‐Jian , Zhu Fang , Liu Yan‐Jun , Li Zhen , Moural Timothy W. , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a worldwide polyphagous pest, causing huge economic losses in vegetable, cotton and corn crops, among others. Owing to long‐term exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, evolution of resistance has been detected in this pest. As a conservative and effective neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA) has an important role in insect growth and development. In this study, we investigated the regulatory functions of DA and its associated non‐coding RNA in metamorphosis in H. armigera.RESULTSExpression profiles indicated that DA and DA pathway genes were highly expressed during larval–pupal metamorphosis in H. armigera. RNA interference and pharmacological experiments confirmed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase, vesicular amine transporter and DA receptor 2 are critical genes related to the development of H. armigera from larvae to pupae. We also found that miR‐14 and miR‐2766 targeted the 3′ untranslated region to post‐transcriptionally regulate HaTH function. Application of miR‐2766 and miR‐14 antagomirs significantly increased levels of HaTH transcripts and proteins, while injection of miR‐2766 and miR‐14 agomirs not only suppressed messenger RNA and protein levels of HaTH, but also resulted in defective pupation in H. armigera.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that DA deficiency inhibits larval–pupal metamorphosis in H. armigera. Potentially, DA pathway genes and their microRNAs could be used as a novel target for H. armigera management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of wax‐based bait stations for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Lin Jia , Hao Xuxing , Yue Guoqing , Yang Deqing , Lu Ningfeng , Cai Pumo , Ao Guofu , Ji Qinge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBactrocera dorsalis is a notorious pest and spraying of insecticides has been the major approach to controlling its damage. However, insecticide abuse has led to negative impacts on public health and insecticide resistance; hence, sustainable strategies, such as bait stations, need to be developed and taken into account for B. dorsalis management. In this study, we integrated insecticide, sugar, olfactory and visual elements into a wax matrix to formulate a long‐lasting bait station. We determined its efficacy against B. dorsalis under field conditions.RESULTSThe optimal bait station was a wax matrix incorporated with 1% spinetoram, 1% yellow pigment, and 3% ammonium acetate, and was spherical in shape with a 6 cm diameter. The longevity of this bait station was at least 10 weeks under field conditions. In a release and recapture experiment performed in Orchard 1, the bait stations were as effective as bait spray in controlling sterile fly populations, and more effective than the control. In a 2‐year field trial conducted in Orchard 2, the number of female B. dorsalis and fruit infestation in the area where bait stations had been deployed was similar to the areas treated with cover spray. In Orchard 3, deployment of bait stations combined with chemical cover spray treatment decreased the population of female B. dorsalis and fruit damage more effectively than cover spray alone.CONCLUSIONSOverall, wax‐based bait stations can be regarded as a viable alternative to insecticides or a synergistic method for managing B. dorsalis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Association of residual pulmonary hypertension with survival after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kallonen Janica , Korsholm Kasper , Bredin Fredrik , Corbascio Matthias , Jønsson Andersen Mads , Ilkjær Lars Bo , Mellemkjær Søren , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated whether residual pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as early postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥30 mmHg, after undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) was associated with long‐term survival. All patients who underwent PEA for CTEPH at two Scandinavian centers were included in this study. Baseline characteristics and vital statuses were obtained from patient charts and national health‐data registers. The patients were then categorized based on residual PH measured via right heart catheterization within 48 h after undergoing PEA. Crude and weighted flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate the association between residual PH and all‐cause mortality and to quantify absolute survival differences. From 1992 to 2020, 444 patients underwent surgery. We excluded 6 patients who died on the day of surgery and 12 patients whose early postoperative pulmonary hemodynamic data was unavailable. Of the total study population (n = 426), 174 (41%) and 252 (59%) patients had an early postoperative mPAP <30 and ≥30 mmHg, respectively. After weighting, there was a significant association between residual PH and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–3.87), and the absolute survival difference between the groups at 10 and 20 years was –22% (95% CI: –32% to –12%) and–32% (95% CI: –47% to –18%), respectively. A strong and clinically relevant association of residual PH with long‐term survival after PEA for CTEPH was found. After accounting for differences in baseline characteristics, the absolute survival difference at long‐term follow‐up was clinically meaningful and imply careful surveillance to improve clinical outcomes in these patients. Early postoperative right heart catheter measurements of mPAP seem to be helpful for prognostication following PEA for CTEPH.