bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decorative Techniques in Oriental Swords: Savoir Faire in Craftsmanship and Artistry
Authors: Lo Betty 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne important aspect in the study and appreciation of arms is the techniques and methods for their decoration. The wide range of materials and techniques used in the creation of swords and daggers were intended to add to the aesthetic qualities of functional items, either for everyday or ceremonial use. Throughout the ages, beautiful swords and daggers were worn by the elite and were presented to warriors and courtiers as gifts to symbolize victory, honor, virility, and to reinforce the bond of loyalty. They were also worn by men as jewelry of prestige and status. Techniques used by artisans to embellish these swords and bladed weapons are the subject of this paper. Examples from museums and private collections are selected to demonstrate the exquisite craftsmanship of gilding and coloring, inlay and damascening, stone and gem-setting, embossing, chasing and engraving, enameling, 3D carving, wiring and filigree, etching and openwork. This chapter focuses on how these techniques were used to produce distinctive details of decorated antique swords and daggers of Eastern origins from the Ottoman empire, Persia, and India.
Stringy multifield quintessence and the Swampland
Authors: Brinkmann Max , Cicoli Michele , Dibitetto Giuseppe , Pedro Francisco G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider quintessence models within 4D effective descriptions of gravity coupled to two scalar fields. These theories are known to give rise to viable models of late-time cosmic acceleration without any need for flat potentials, and so they are potentially in agreement with the dS Swampland conjecture. In this paper we investigate the possibility of consistently embedding such constructions in string theory. We identify situations where the quintessence fields are either closed string universal moduli or non-universal moduli such as blow-up modes. We generically show that no trajectories compatible with today’s cosmological parameters exist, if one starts from matter-dominated initial conditions. It is worth remarking that universal trajectories compatible with observations do appear, provided that the starting point at early times is a phase of kinetic domination. However, justifying this choice of initial conditions on solid grounds is far from easy. We conclude by studying Q-ball formation in this class of models and discuss constraints coming from Q-ball safety in all cases analyzed here.
E-Univex Sets, E-Univex Functions and E-Differentiable E-Univex Programming
Authors: Abdulaleem Najeeb 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new concept of sets and a new class of functions called E-univex sets and E-univex functions, respectively. For an E-differentiable function, the concept of E-univexity is introduced by generalizing several concepts of generalized convexity earlier defined into optimization theory. In addition, some properties of E-differentiable E-univex functions are investigated. Further, also concepts of E-differentiable generalized E-univexity are introduced. Then, the sufficiency of the so-called E-Karush–Kuhn–Tucker necessary optimality conditions are proved for an E-differentiable nonlinear optimization problem in which the involved functions are E-univex and/or generalized E-univex.
Evaluation der COVID-19-Impfung nach breiter Anwendung – ein Zwischenfazit für Deutschland im Juli 2022
Authors: Siedler Anette , Schönfeld Viktoria , Peine Caroline , Perumal Nita , Friedsam Amelie , Stoliaroff-Pépin Anna , Harder Thomas 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit Dezember 2020 stehen in Deutschland Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 zur Verfügung. Zu den Hauptaufgaben des Fachgebiets Impfprävention des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) in der COVID-19-Pandemie gehören die Erhebung von Impfquoten und das Monitoring der Wirksamkeit der Impfung. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die hierfür während der Pandemie etablierten Strukturen, Datengrundlagen und Studien. Ausgehend vom Digitalen Impfquotenmonitoring (DIM), welches für die tagesaktuelle Berechnung der Impfquote in mehreren Altersgruppen verwendet wird, werden die Berechnung der Inzidenzen nach Impfstatus und die Methodik der Impfeffektivitätsschätzung gegen verschiedene Endpunkte (Hospitalisierung, intensivstationäre Betreuung, Tod) beschrieben. Während diese Methode lediglich eine erste Abschätzung der Impfeffektivität erlaubt, kann in bevölkerungsbezogenen nichtrandomisierten Studien eine detailliertere und genauere Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit der COVID-19-Impfstoffe unter Realbedingungen erfolgen. Hierzu wird die gemeinsam mit dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) durchgeführte krankenhausbasierte Fall-Kontrollstudie COViK vorgestellt. Die Vorteile und Limitationen der genannten Strukturen und Instrumente werden diskutiert. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf hieraus resultierende künftige Herausforderungen in der Pandemie und beim Übergang in die endemische Lage gegeben.
Risikofaktorenanalyse zu den Gründen des Ausscheidens aus der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung im Fach Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Brandt Oskar , Tjardes Thorsten , Grimaldi Gina , Mutschler Manuel , Imach Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aktuell liegen keine Daten zu Weiterbildungsabbrüchen und Klinikwechseln im Fach Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (O&U) vor. Ziele der Studie sind die Identifikation von persönlichen und strukturellen Risikofaktoren, die zum Abbruch/Wechsel der Weiterbildung in O&U führen, sowie Lösungsstrategien vorzustellen.

Methodik
Im Sommer 2020 wurde eine deutschlandweite, anonyme Onlinebefragung unter den Weiterbildungsassistenten*innen (WA) in O&U durchgeführt. Dienstliche Mailadressen wurden über das Traumanetzwerk© der DGU und die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft identifiziert (n = 2090). Ein Fragebogen (51 Fragen) wurde mit SurveyMonkey Inc. (San Mateo, California, USA) erstellt. Teilnahmeberechtigt waren alle WA, die in den 6 Jahren vor Umfragebeginn (ab Juli 2014) für mind. einen Monat im Fach O&U tätig waren.
Zur Identifikation der Risikofaktoren wurde eine binär logistische Regression berechnet. Das Signifikanzniveau lag bei p = 0,05.

Ergebnisse
Von den 221 Befragten wechselten 37 % die Weiterbildungseinrichtung, und 5 % brachen die Weiterbildung in O&U vorzeitig ab.
Die Regression ergab 3 signifikante Risikofaktoren, die Klinik zu wechseln.
Das Leben in einer Partnerschaft (p = 0,029, RR: 2,823) und weniger als 2 Tage Hospitationen vor Weiterbildungsbeginn (p = 0,002, RR: 2,4) erhöhen das Risiko für Wechsel. Eine Einteilung der WA für Operationen gemäß dem Weiterbildungsplan/-stand (p = 0,028, RR: 0,48) senkt das Risiko für Wechsel. Signifikante Risikofaktoren für das Ausscheiden aus der Weiterbildung konnten nicht ermittelt werden (zu geringe Fallzahl, n = 11).

Diskussion
Weiterbildungswechsel und -abbrüche in der O&U sind ein relevantes Problem (42 %). Das Geschlecht hat keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Maßnahmen wie längere Hospitationen sowie Op.-Einteilung entsprechend dem Weiterbildungsplan/-stand können das Wechselrisiko minimieren.

Graphic abstract
Regulation of insulin secretion in mouse islets: metabolic amplification by alpha-ketoisocaproate coincides with rapid and sustained increase in acetyl-CoA content
Authors: Panten Uwe , Brüning Dennis , Rustenbeck Ingo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlucose and alpha-ketoisocaproate, the keto acid analogue of leucine, stimulate insulin secretion in the absence of other exogenous fuels. Their mitochondrial metabolism in the beta-cell raises the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio, thereby providing the triggering signal for the exocytosis of the insulin granules. However, additional amplifying signals are required for the full extent of insulin secretion stimulated by these fuels. While it is generally recognized that the amplifying signals are also derived from the mitochondrial metabolism, their exact nature is still unclear. The current study tests the hypothesis that the supply of cytosolic acetyl-CoA is a signal in the amplifying pathway. The contents of acetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA plus CoA-SH were measured in isolated mouse islets. Insulin secretion was recorded in isolated perifused islets. In islets, the ATP-sensitive K+channels of which were pharmacologically closed and which were preincubated without exogenous fuel, 10 mmol/L alpha-ketoisocaproate enhanced the acetyl-CoA content after 5 and 20 min incubations and decreased the acetyl-CoA plus CoA-SH within 5 min, but not after 20 min. In islets not exposed to drugs, the preincubation with 3 mmol/L glucose, a non-triggering concentration, elevated the acetyl-CoA content. This content was further increased after 5 min and 20 min incubations with 30 mmol/L glucose, concurrent with a strong increase in insulin secretion. Alpha-ketoisocaproate and glucose increase the supply of acetyl-CoA in the beta-cell cytosol during both phases of insulin secretion. Most likely, this increase provides a signal for the metabolic amplification.
Managing an open nasofrontal encephalocele after birth
Authors: Apostolou Nicolas , Gräfe Daniel , Knüpfer Matthias , Krause Matthias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Encephaloceles are relatively uncommon in western countries. Most of the reported cases involve occipital encephaloceles. Open frontal encephaloceles comprise a rare entity. Most of them will be detected during early prenatal diagnostic, whereas the majority of the pregnancies will be terminated after the consent of the parents. Open frontal encephaloceles pose a great challenge to neurosurgeons as well as anesthesiologists, as these infants present with a microcephaly, non-physiological intracranial anatomy, and low birth weight, thus making the infant prone to excessive blood loss, hypothermia, and death. Neonates born with an incomplete cutaneous coverage are exposed to an imminent threat to life due to the risk of meningitis, necessitating surgical repair in the first days of life. We represent a rare case of an open nasofrontal encephalocele managed surgically in the first day of life. Surgery did not influence the neurological outcome of the patient.
A rare presentation of a bilateral intracranial parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma mimicking vestibular schwannoma in a two-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Salloum Nadia Liber , Sokol Drahoslav , Kandasamy Jothy , Torgerson Antonia , Wallace Hamish B. , Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntracranial parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas are rare, aggressive, rapidly progressive paediatric malignancies that carry a poor prognosis. The authors report a case of a 2-year-old boy who initially presented with a left facial palsy, ataxia and, shortly after, bloody otorrhoea. MRI imaging was initially suggestive of a vestibular schwannoma. However, there was rapid progression of symptoms and further MRI imaging showed very rapid increase in tumour size with mass effect and development of a similar tumour on the contralateral side. A histological diagnosis of bilateral parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made. Despite treatment, progression led to hydrocephalus and diffuse leptomeningeal disease, from which the patient did not survive. Few intracranial parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas have previously been reported and these report similar presenting symptoms and rapid disease progression. However, this is the first reported case of a bilateral intracranial parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma which, on initial presentation and imaging, appeared to mimic a vestibular schwannoma.
Causes of death after laryngeal cancer diagnosis: A US population-based study
Authors: Afify Abdelrahman Yousry , Ashry Mohamed Hady , Sadeq Mohammed Ahmed , Elsaid Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Several reports examined the survival of laryngeal cancer (LC) patients, most of these studies only focused on the prognosis of the disease, and just a small number of studies examined non-cancer-related causes of death. The objective of the current study is to investigate and quantify the most common causes of deaths following LC diagnosis.

Methods
The data of 44,028 patient with LC in the United States diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and analyzed. We stratified LC patients according to various demographic and clinical parameters and calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of death.

Results
Over the follow-up period, 25,407 (57.7%) deaths were reported. The highest fatalities (11,121; 43.8%) occurred within 1–5 years following LC diagnosis. Non-cancer causes of death is the leading cause of death (8945; 35.2%), followed by deaths due to laryngeal cancer (8,705; 34.3%), then other cancers deaths (7757; 30.5%). The most common non-cancer causes of death were heart diseases (N = 2953; SMR 4.42), followed by other non-cancer causes of death (N = 1512; SMR 3.93), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (N = 1420; SMR 4.90), then cerebrovascular diseases (N = 547; SMR 4.28). Compared to the general population, LC patients had a statistically significant higher risk of death from all reported causes.

Conclusions
Non-cancer causes of death is the leading cause of death in LC patients, exceeding deaths attributed to LC itself. These findings provide important insight into how LC survivors should be counselled regarding future health risks.
Development and external validation of multivariable risk models to predict incident and resolved neuropathic pain: a DOLORisk Dundee study
Authors: Hébert Harry L. , Veluchamy Abirami , Baskozos Georgios , Fardo Francesca , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri , Pearson Ewan R. , Colvin Lesley A. , Crombez Geert , Bennett David L. H. , Meng Weihua , Palmer Colin N. A. , Smith Blair H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain is difficult to treat, and an understanding of the risk factors for its onset and resolution is warranted. This study aimed to develop and externally validate two clinical risk models to predict onset and resolution of chronic neuropathic pain. Participants of Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS; general Scottish population; n = 20,221) and Genetic of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS; n = 5236) were sent a questionnaire on neuropathic pain and followed- -up 18 months later. Chronic neuropathic pain was defined using DN4 scores (≥ 3/7) and pain for 3 months or more. The models were developed in GS using logistic regression with backward elimination based on the Akaike information criterion. External validation was conducted in GoDARTS and assessed model discrimination (ROC and Precision-Recall curves), calibration and clinical utility (decision curve analysis [DCA]). Analysis revealed incidences of neuropathic pain onset (6.0% in GS [236/3903] and 10.7% in GoDARTS [61/571]) and resolution (42.6% in GS [230/540] and 23.7% in GoDARTS [56/236]). Psychosocial and lifestyle factors were included in both onset and resolved prediction models. In GoDARTS, these models showed adequate discrimination (ROC = 0.636 and 0.699), but there was evidence of miscalibration (Intercept = − 0.511 and − 0.424; slope = 0.623 and 0.999). The DCA indicated that the models would provide clinical benefit over a range of possible risk thresholds. To our knowledge, these are the first externally validated risk models for neuropathic pain. The findings are of interest to patients and clinicians in the community, who may take preventative or remedial measures.
Structure of the Muruntau gold ore region in the Kyzyl-Kum desert (Central Asia)
Authors: Mukhin Pavel , Mirkamalov Rustam , Seltmann Reimar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe giant gold deposit Muruntau in most works belongs to the “orogenic type”. However, in the description of the geology of the deposit, there is usually no information about the stages (deformation, metamorphism) and the role of regional processes in the formation of host and mineralized rocks of the deposit. Our fieldwork provides unique geological evidence and previously unpublished data that are not reported in any other publications to date. This article presents the results of a detailed structural study of the terrane hosting the Muruntau gold deposit on the example of four sites and the results of deep drilling of two wells. The conducted studies confirm that the lowest Muruntau megaterrane consists of multi-stage metamorphosed Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic sedimentary-volcanic rocks and Late Paleozoic carbonate sediments overlain by Late Carboniferous flysch and olistostrome in the top. Two main stages (D1 and D2) of rock deformation in the lower part of the megaterrane associated with the Early Paleozoic accretion and two subsequent stages (D3 and D4) associated with the Late Paleozoic accretion and orogeny are described. Thrust processes D2 and D3 caused the formation of recumbent folds of different orientation and vergence. The normal antiform (D4) extending W–E is an orogenic fold. The Muruntau gold deposit is located in a regional synmetamorphic thrust zone called the Main Muruntau Thrust (MMT), which formed during the Early Paleozoic D2 stage. The MMT is responsible for the formation of secondary rock anisotropy along the cleavage of the D2 recumbent folds and conformal lens-like body of mineralized rocks and gently sloping veins with an area of 7.0 × 2.6 km. The internal structure of the deposit retains fragments of deformed gold quartz veins into recumbent folds. These structural data make it possible to link low-grade gold mineralized zones with Early Paleozoic deformations. We suggest that rock anisotropy within the MMT controlled mineralization twice: in the Early Paleozoic as a synmetamorphic flat high-permeable zone and in the Late Paleozoic as a relatively low-permeable zone for post-magmatic fluids.
Examining the potential of VR program Tilt Brush in reducing anxiety
Authors: Tan Janice , Kannis-Dymand Lee , Jones Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent advancement in technology has made virtual reality (VR) more accessible and immersive than ever before, resulting in its increasing utility in various industries. Despite this, VR has remained an underutilised tool within clinical psychology. This study aimed to explore the potential of using VR for therapeutic benefits through examining the level of flow and anxiety-reducing effects of freeform drawing in real life (on paper) versus drawing in VR (using Tilt Brush) via a randomised-controlled trial with 40 participants. State and trait anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, level of flow was measured using the Long Flow State Scale, and level of presence was measured using the iGroup Presence Questionnaire. Overall level of flow was not significantly different between both groups, implying drawing in VR induces as much flow as drawing in real life. Level of flow was positively correlated to level of presence experienced in the VR group (p < .01). Although there was no significant interaction effect, both groups experienced an overall decrease in state anxiety, with the VR group experiencing a significant reduction of state anxiety from pre- to post-test (p < .01).
Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E–mutated colorectal cancer: an early post-marketing phase vigilance study
Authors: Sakata Hidenori , Murase Maki , Kato Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Sugihara Kenichi , Suzuki Shigenobu , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Triplet and doublet regimens of encorafenib plus cetuximab with and without binimetinib, respectively, were approved in Japan for unresectable, metastatic, BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer (mCRC) that had progressed after 1–2 prior chemotherapies. This early post-marketing phase vigilance (EPPV) study collected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from Japanese patients to ensure safety measures as appropriate.

Methods
Patients with BRAF V600E mCRC who received the triplet or doublet regimens in Japan were selected for this study. ADRs were collected as spontaneous reports between November 27, 2020 and May 26, 2021. Serious ADRs were evaluated according to guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation and the EudraVigilance list of Important Medical Event Terms.

Results
An estimated 550 Japanese patients with mCRC received the triplet or doublet regimens during the 6-month EPPV period. Overall, 101 and 42 patients reported ADRs and serious ADRs, respectively. No ADRs leading to death were reported. The most frequently reported ADRs were nausea (17 patients), serous retinal detachment (16), decreased appetite (12), diarrhea (11), and vomiting (11). Among the important identified/potential risks that are defined in the risk management plans for encorafenib and binimetinib, eye disorder-related ADRs were observed in 32 patients, rhabdomyolysis-related ADRs in 12, hemorrhage-related ADRs in 7, and hepatic dysfunction-related ADRs in 7. Of 22 patients with serious eye disorders, 20 recovered or were recovering during the EPPV period.

Conclusion
The safety profile in this EPPV study was similar to that from the phase III BEACON CRC study and no new safety concerns were identified.
Alternative visions of “ethical” dairying: changing entanglements with calves, cows and care
Authors: Thompson Merisa S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFew sectors are more ethically contentious than dairy, with debates tending to be polarised between “intensification” and “abolitionist” narratives which often drown out alternative voices operating in-between. This paper examines the marginal spaces occupied by a group of farmers in the United Kingdom who are attempting to move towards what they see as “more ethical” dairying. Drawing on findings from ethnographic research on five farms which have adopted “cow-calf contact rearing”—which focuses on keeping calves with their mothers longer, in opposition to conventional practices of removing them shortly after birth—it asks what values underpin this alternative approach, and how and why “ethical” dairies seek to dairy ethically. To do this, it draws on a feminist epistemology and methodology that sees ethics as situated and contextual, and finds an “ethics of care” to be central to changing entanglements between humans and nonhuman animals. Instead of casting dairy as either “good” or “bad”, it explores the activities of farms which are trying to move towards what they perceive to be “better”, and draws three conclusions: (a) “ethical” dairying demonstrates a heterogeneity of dairy practices which are grounded in “care” and are happening between narrative extremes of intensification versus abolition; (b) although this practice may be, and could be, commodified, farmers are primarily guided by strong ideological principles and influenced by affective and empathetic “entanglements” with cows and calves, the agency of bovines themselves, and their social and ecological environment; and (c) “cow-calf contact rearing” represents a significant shift from a focus on the broader welfare environment towards centring the quality of individual cows’ lives. Ultimately, the paper argues that we should pay greater attention to alternative economies built on an “ethics of care” when envisaging new sustainable food and agricultural systems.