bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of new-onset stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Lin Tsung-Kun , Chen Yong-Hsin , Huang Jing-Yang , Liao Pei-Lun , Chen Mei-Chun , Pan Lung-Fa , Jong Gwo-Ping 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests the association of diabetes with an increased risk of stroke. Clinical studies have investigated the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on new-onset stroke (NOS), but the results are inconsistent.ObjectivesTo determine the association between the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and NOS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study based on the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2016–2019). The primary outcome of the assessment was the risk of incident stroke by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was applied to estimate the adjusted HR of NOS. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.ResultsAmong the 232,101 eligible patients with type 2 DM aged ≥ 20 years, SGLT2-inhibitor users were compared with non-SGLT2-inhibitor users based on age, sex, and the duration of type 2 DM matching at a ratio of 1:2. The event rate per 10 000 person-months was 9.20 (95% CI 8.95 to 9.45) for SGLT2-inhibitor users and 10.5(10.3–10.6) for non-SGLT2-inhibitor users. There was a decreased risk of NOS for SGLT2-inhibitor users (adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.88) compared with non-SGLT2-inhibitor users. Results for the propensity score-matched analyses showed similar results (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84–0.91 for both SGLT2-inhibitor users and non-SGLT2-inhibitor users).ConclusionThe risk of developing NOS was lower in patients with SGLT2-inhibitor users than in non-SGLT2-inhibitor users. The decreased risk of NOS in patients with type 2 DM was greater among patients with concurrent use of statins, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. We, therefore, suggest that the long-term use of SGLT2 inhibitors may help reduce the incidence of NOS in patients with type 2 DM.
Batholith recorded mesozoic multistage tectonic evolution of the South china block: A case study of the guandimiao intrusions
Authors: Qin Jin-Hua , Huang Fan , Wang Deng-Hong 
Published: August 2022

South China is a well-known grand felsic igneous rocks province. However, it is still controversial and not well understood whether the Mesozoic tectono-magmatic pattern is dominated by the subduction of the paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. In this study, we address this question by concentrating on the long-term evolutionary Guandimiao batholith, which has complex lithofacies with different formation ages and can be a superb record of the Mesozoic tectonic evolution in South China. Geochronologically, four stages of magmatism can be identified combined with previous reports: granodiorite (G1, 239 Ma), biotite monzogranite (G2-1) and two-mica monzogranite (G2-2) (230–203 Ma), granite porphyry (G3, 211–190 Ma), and lamprophyre (L4, 121 Ma). G1 and G2-1 have an affinity with I-type granite and were derived from metabasaltic to metatonalitic sources, whereas G2 and G3 show S-type granite characteristics and were derived from the para-metamorphic basement of the Cathaysia block. The L4 was derived from partial melting of garnet and spinel lherzolite and underwent mixing between Mesoproterozoic pelagic and/or terrigenous sediments and the subcontinental lithosphere mantle (SCLM) of South China. The granitoids of the Guandimiao batholith underwent intensely fractional crystallization of feldspar, Ti-bearing minerals, allanite and monazite. The zircon U–Pb dating of L4 in the Guandimiao batholith completely records the six stages of pre-Mesozoic tectonic events in the SCB. During the Mesozoic, the main body of the Guandimiao batholith (G1, G2-1 and G2-2) recorded the closure of the paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Triassic and the subsequent regional extension of the postcollision. G-3 and L4 of the Guandimiao batholith documented the transition of tectonic and dynamic regimes in the early Yanshanian and the rollback and steep subduction of the paleo-Pacific Ocean in the late Yanshanian.
The effects of tropical cyclones on characteristics of barrier layer thickness
Authors: Zhang Zheliang , Ma Zhanhong , Fei Jianfang , Zheng Yunxia , Huang Jiancheng 
Published: August 2022

The impact of tropical cyclones on the characteristics of barrier layer (BL) thickness is investigated in this study in combination with observations and numerical simulations. Statistical results based on Simple Ocean Data Assimilation reanalysis (SODA) data and Argo float measurements reveal a significant effect of TCs on the BL characteristics. The BL thickness increases remarkably with the TC approaching, reaches its maximum 1–5 days after the TC passage, and recovers to its pre-storm state within 30 days on average. The peak increase in BL thickness is slightly rightward biased relative to the TC track, reaching ∼1.31 m (26.93%) relative to the pre-storm state as revealed by SODA data. The changes in BL thickness show a strong correlation with TC characteristics in terms of intensity and translation speed, tending to be more significant with more intense or slower-moving TCs. The thickening of the isothermal layer on the right of TC tracks and shallowing of the mixed layer act together to determine the BL development. The three-dimensional Price–Weller–Pinkel (3DPWP) ocean model is applied to explore the influence of precipitation on BL thickness. The results show that the precipitation tends to decrease the mixed layer depth while the vertical mixing of TCs deepens the isothermal layer depth, both of which act together to increase the BL thickness.
Impact of dyslipidemia on the cumulative pregnancy outcomes after first ovarian stimulation
Authors: Jiang Xue , Lu Xinle , Cai Mingshu , Liu Yu , Guo Yihong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) according to lipid metabolism in patients with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing their first complete in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles.PatientsA total of 1,470 patients with PCOS and 3,232 patients without PCOS who underwent their first complete IVF/ICSI cycles from January 2016 to June 2018 were included. During a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, they had achieved at least one live birth or used all available embryos. The cumulative pregnancy outcomes were compared based on the patients’ blood lipid parameters, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the two populations. Patients with an abnormal level of one or more of these four indicators were considered the dyslipidemia group. Patients whose four indicators were normal were considered the control group.ResultsAmong 1,470 patients with PCOS, the cumulative pregnancy outcomes were similar in the dyslipidemia group and control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the TC levels were significantly negatively associated with the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after adjustment for confounding factors such as age and BMI (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.98, P&lt;0.05). Among the 3,232 patients without PCOS, there was no significant difference in the cumulative pregnancy outcomes between the dyslipidemia group and the control group. No significant correlations were found in other logistic regression analyses.ConclusionsTC negatively impacts the CLBR after first ovarian stimulation in PCOS patients. PCOS patients with dyslipidemia caused by elevated TC may have a poor CLBR.
Association of famine exposure and the serum calcium level in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Yang Yu-ying , Zhang Deng , Ma Ling-ying , Hou Yan-fang , Bi Yu-fang , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Zhao Hong-yan , Sun Li-hao , Tao Bei , Liu Jian-min 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveFamine exposure and higher serum calcium levels are related with increased risk of many disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Whether famine exposure has any effect on serum calcium level is unclear. Besides, the normal reference range of serum calcium is variable among different populations. Our aims are 1) determining the reference interval of calcium in Chinese adults; 2) exploring its relationship with famine exposure.MethodsData in this study was from a cross-sectional study of the epidemiologic investigation carried out during March-August 2010 in Jiading district, Shanghai, China. Nine thousand and two hundred eleven participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60ml/min/1.73m2 were involved to calculate reference interval of total calcium from 10569 participants aged 40 years or older. The analysis of famine exposure was conducted in 9315 participants with complete serum biochemical data and birth year information.ResultsAfter rejecting outliers, the 95% reference interval of total serum calcium was 2.122~2.518 mmol/L. The equation of albumin-adjusted calcium was: Total calcium + 0.019* (49-Albumin), with a 95% reference interval of 2.151~2.500 mmol/L. Compared to the age-balanced control group, there was an increased risk of being at the upper quartile of total serum calcium (OR=1.350, 95%CI=1.199-1.521) and albumin-adjusted calcium (OR=1.381, 95%CI=1.234-1.544) in subjects experienced famine exposure in childhood. Females were more vulnerable to this impact (OR= 1.621, 95%CI= 1.396-1.883 for total serum calcium; OR=1.722, 95%CI= 1.497-1.980 for albumin-adjusted calcium).ConclusionsFamine exposure is an important environmental factor associated with the changes in circulating calcium concentrations, the newly established serum calcium normal range and albumin-adjusted calcium equation, together with the history of childhood famine exposure, might be useful in identifying subjects with abnormal calcium homeostasis and related diseases, especially in females.
Combined spinal-epidural analgesia and epidural analgesia induced maternal fever with a similar timing during labor-A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chu Qinjun , Sun Yan , Bai Lihui , Bai Yafan , Zhang Dongqing , Zheng Ping , Jin Xiaogao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundBoth epidural and combined spinal-epidural (EA and CSEA) analgesia can induce intrapartum maternal fever. CSEA has a more rapid onset and wider nerve block than EA. Therefore, CSEA might have a different profile of intrapartum maternal fever, including higher temperatures or earlier occurrence. This randomized clinical trial was to determine whether CSEA could cause maternal fever earlier than EA.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed on 233 nulliparous full-term pregnant women during vaginal delivery. The pregnant women were randomly allocated into the EA group (n = 113) and the CSEA group (n = 120). The fever latent period, from analgesia start to fever occurrence, was the primary endpoint in this study. The temperature was measured every 30 min using an eardrum thermometer during labor analgesia. The fever was defined as an eardrum temperature of ≥38 °C.ResultsNo difference was found in the maternal fever rate between the EA and the CSEA groups (10/113 vs. 7/120, P = 0.356). There was no significant difference in the fever latent period between the two groups (4.75 ± 0.86 h vs. 3.79 ± 2.2 h, p = 0.305). The temperatures at all points had no differences between EA and CSEA.ConclusionCSEA had a similar latent fever period as EA. A further study is warranted to confirm the similar characteristic between CSEA and EA in the development of intrapartum maternal fever.Clinical trial registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000038793.
Rhythmic cueing, dance, resistance training, and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karpodini Claire Chrysanthi , Dinas Petros C. , Angelopoulou Efthalia , Wyon Matthew A. , Haas Aline Nogueira , Bougiesi Maria , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Koutedakis Yiannis 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence associated with the functional and clinical effectiveness of rhythmic cueing, dance, or resistance training (RT) on motor and non-motor parameters in Parkinson's Disease patients, and to provide a comparative perspective not offered by existing systematic reviews.MethodologyEligibility criteria for selecting studies retained no restrictions in methodological design and included interventions of rhythmic cueing, dance, RT, and measurements of motor and non-motor parameters. Animal studies, reviews, editorials, conferences, magazines, and gray literature articles were excluded. Two independent investigators searched Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus from the date of their inception until 1 June 2021. The ROBINS-I tool was employed for the non-randomized controlled trials, and the updated for Risk of Bias 2 tool of Cochrane Library used for randomized controlled trials. For meta-analyses, the RevMan 5.4.13 software was used. For incompatible meta-analysis studies, a narrative data synthesis was conducted.ResultsA total of 49 studies included in the systematic review involving 3767 PD participants. Meta-analyses revealed that rhythmic cueing training assists gait velocity (p = 0.01), stride length (p = 0.01), and motor symptoms (p = 0.03). Similarly, dance training benefits stride length (p = 0.05), lower extremity function-TUG (p = 0.01), and motor symptoms (p = 0.01), whilst RT improves lower extremity function-TUG (p = 0.01), quality of life (p = 0.01), knee flexion (p = 0.02), and leg press (p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses have shown non-significant differences in gait velocity (p = 0.26), stride length (p = 0.80), functional mobility-TUG (p = 0.74), motor symptoms-UPDRS-III (p = 0.46), and quality of life-PDQ39 (p = 0.44).ConclusionRhythmic cueing, dance, or RT positively affect the examined outcomes, with rhythmic cueing to be associated with three outcomes (Gait, Stride, and UPDRS-III), dance with three outcomes (TUG, Stride, and UPDRS-III), and RT with two outcomes (TUG and PDQ-39). Subgroup analyses confirmed the beneficial effects of these forms of exercise. Clinicians should entertain the idea of more holistic exercise protocols aiming at improving PD manifestations.International Prospective Register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD42020212380).
Speech to noise ratio improvement induces nonlinear parietal phase synchrony in hearing aid users
Authors: Shahsavari Baboukani Payam , Graversen Carina , Alickovic Emina , Østergaard Jan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesComprehension of speech in adverse listening conditions is challenging for hearing-impaired (HI) individuals. Noise reduction (NR) schemes in hearing aids (HAs) have demonstrated the capability to help HI to overcome these challenges. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NR processing (inactive, where the NR feature was switched off, vs. active, where the NR feature was switched on) on correlates of listening effort across two different background noise levels [+3 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and +8 dB SNR] by using a phase synchrony analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.DesignThe EEG was recorded while 22 HI participants fitted with HAs performed a continuous speech in noise (SiN) task in the presence of background noise and a competing talker. The phase synchrony within eight regions of interest (ROIs) and four conventional EEG bands was computed by using a multivariate phase synchrony measure.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the activation of NR in HAs affects the EEG phase synchrony in the parietal ROI at low SNR differently than that at high SNR. The relationship between conditions of the listening task and phase synchrony in the parietal ROI was nonlinear.ConclusionWe showed that the activation of NR schemes in HAs can non-linearly reduce correlates of listening effort as estimated by EEG-based phase synchrony. We contend that investigation of the phase synchrony within ROIs can reflect the effects of HAs in HI individuals in ecological listening conditions.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of the Creatinine/Cystatin C ratio for low muscle mass evaluation among US adults
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Weihua , Chen Kaihong , Liao Ying , Huang Kun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIdentifying patients with low muscle mass is crucial for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Although the Creatinine/Cystatin C (Cr/CysC) is recommended as a simplified indicator to identify patients with low muscle mass, its ability to assess muscle mass and predict a poor prognosis has not been validated. We aimed to determine the diagnosis value of Cr/CysC for low muscle mass and examine the association of Cr/CysC with mortality.MethodsIn this cohort study we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002. Follow-up was conducted up to December, 2015. Appendicular skeletal mass was calculated based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Low muscle mass was defined referring to five international diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic value of Cr/CysC as a replacement indicator of muscle mass was measured using area under the curve, positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement and kappa. Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to examine the association between Cr/CysC and risk of mortality.ResultsThis cohort study of 3,741 adults comprised 1,823 females (48.73%), with a weighted mean (SE) age of 44.46 (0.43) years. The positive percent agreement of Cr/CysC for the diagnosis of low muscle mass was poor (40.23–58.74%), except for Foundation of the National Institute of Health (FNIH) criteria (80.90–58.97%). But the negative percent agreement of Cr/CysC for the diagnosis of low muscle mass was high (males: 62.15–88.17%; females: 55.26–82.30%). Moreover, the risk of death was reduced by 2% per 0.01 unit increase in Cr/CysC (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsCr/CysC performed well not only in identifying non-sarcopenia cases, especially when based on FNIH diagnostic criteria, but also in revealing a positive association with higher risk of mortality. The optimal cut-off values for Cr/CysC were &lt;1.0 in males and &lt;0.8 in females. Expanding the use of Cr/CysC would allow for early and targeted treatment of sarcopenia.
Association of zinc serum level with metabolic syndrome in iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study
Authors: Qorbani Mostafa , Movasaghi Negar , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Daneshzad Elnaz , Shafiee Gita , Ashraf Haleh , Sokoty Leily , Mahdavi-Gorabi Armita , Ebrahimi Mehdi , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a set of metabolic risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Zinc plays an essential role in numerous enzyme functions that may be associated with metabolic dysfunctions. The relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in adolescents has not been specifically studied. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed using data collected in the CASPIAN-V study. In this project, data were collected using interviews, examinations, biochemical assessments, anthropometric studies, and the nutritional status of participants. The variables considered in this study included serum zinc levels, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood sugar, height, weight, abdominal circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ResultsA total of 1371 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 12.24 ± 3.23 years. In total, 12.40% (n = 170) of the study population had metabolic syndrome, of which 55.7% were boys and 44.3% were girls. Mean zinc levels (μg/dL) in patients with and without metabolic syndrome were 107.03 and 110.6, respectively (p-value = 0.211) and 111.8 for boys and 109.10 for girls (p-value = 0.677).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study showed no association between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome in children. Further similar studies and cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed to reveal the exact relationship between serum zinc levels and metabolic syndrome.
Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lei Lifu , Huang Juan , Zhang Longlong , Hong Yuqin , Hui Suocheng , Yang Jian 
Published: August 2022

Background and aimsLow-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and low-fat diets (LFD) have shown beneficial effects on the management of obesity. Epidemiological studies were conducted to compare the effects of the two diets. However, the results were not always consistent. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the long-term effects of LCD and LFD on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search up to 30 March, 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The meta-analysis compared the effects of LCD (carbohydrate intake ≤ 40%) with LFD (fat intake &lt; 30%) on metabolic risk factors and weight loss for ≥6 months. Subgroup analyses were performed based on participant characteristics, dietary energy intake, and the proportions of carbohydrates.Results33 studies involving a total of 3,939 participants were included. Compared with participants on LFD, participants on LCD had a greater reduction in triglycerides (–0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, –0.18 to –0.10 mmol/L), diastolic blood pressure (–0.87 mmHg; 95% CI, –1.41 to –0.32 mmHg), weight loss (–1.33 kg; 95% CI, –1.79 to –0.87 kg), and a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.09 mmol/L) in 6–23 months. However, the decrease of total cholesterol (0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.20 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14 mmol/L) was more conducive to LFD in 6–23 months. There was no difference in benefits between the two diets after 24 months. Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference in the reduction of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure between the two diets in participants with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia.ConclusionThe results suggest that LCD and LFD may have specific effects on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults over 6 months. At 24 months, the effects on weight loss and improvement of metabolic risk factors were at least the same. These indicated that we might choose different diets to manage the overweight and obese subjects. However, the long-term clinical efficacy and effects of various sources of carbohydrates or fat in the two diets need to be studied in the future.