bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From normalisation to sustainability
Authors: Marí Isidor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The policies of public authorities on the status of Catalan since the political transition have not been planned in a systematic way, and have evolved under the disinterest and adversity of Spanish and supranational powers, without overcoming the fragmentation of regional governments and the discontinuity of actions. This paper analyses in a broad way the stages and frameworks in which these public policies on the status of Catalan have taken place. Until the end of the eighties, a linguistic normalization approach predominated, focusing on the creation of a legal and institutional framework that would allow the process of linguistic substitution to be reversed. The need for general language planning became apparent at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, but since the end of this last decade, the central idea has been the politics of language. More recently, the changes induced by the process of globalization have led to a perspective focused on linguistic sustainability, which has gained ground in the early 21st century. After the judgment 31/2010 of the Spanish Constitutional Court on the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, Spain’s policies have been particularly adverse to Catalan. Without a coordinated action of the Catalan-speaking territories being able to overcome the current subordination, the future of Catalan is uncertain.
Demolinguistics in Catalan-speaking territories
Authors: Torres Joaquim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The article starts by explaining the origins of “demolinguistics” and the reasons behind its emergence and goes on to assess how it has stretched to other parts of the world. The paper then goes into further depth on the emergence of this discipline in the Catalan language domain and, in particular, its evolution in this sphere. This evolution is divided into five stages; two of them date back to the past century and the other three date from the 21st century. The paper then outlines the main issues that demolinguistics deals with in the Catalan sphere and, to conclude, it lists a number of key challenges that the discipline faces.
The linguistic transmission of Catalan
Authors: Mas Miralles Antoni , Montoya Abat Brauli 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article is divided into three parts. Firstly, the introduction deals with the need to regard transmission, which includes interruption and revernacularisation, as a process that is essential for understanding the sociolinguistic reality of a language. This analysis is based on the theoretical principles of Social Psychology, Sociology and Sociolinguistics. Secondly, there is a brief summary of the studies which have been carried out so far in Catalan on this topic, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. And finally, the conclusion outlines some suggestions and proposals, including the need for a specific theoretical-methodological framework and specific terminology, the importance of using this type of combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the possibility of redirecting planning towards the recovery of the Catalan language within the family.
Teaching segmentals and suprasegmentals
Authors: Gordon Joshua , Darcy Isabelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study reports the results of a pronunciation intervention to enhance the comprehensibility, fluency, and accentedness of three groups of second language (L2) learners in an English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) context. Three groups of first-semester EFL students at a small university in Costa Rica underwent a 10-week pronunciation intervention for segmentals, suprasegmentals, or a combination of both using explicit phonetic and phonological instruction and communicative tasks. Spontaneous-speech samples from a pretest and posttest were presented to L1 speakers of English to be rated for comprehensibility, fluency, and accentedness. The group trained on suprasegmentals significantly improved comprehensibility and fluency, as opposed to the other two groups that did not improve. No groups improved in accentedness. Analyses of participants’ speech production revealed key differences that may have contributed to the perception of comprehensibility and fluency in their speech. Pedagogical implications are discussed for the implementation of explicit pronunciation instruction in intact L2 classes.
High-order harmonic generation from periodic asymmetric potentials
Authors: Shao Tian-Jiao , Zou Huan-Qing , Zhang Qiu-Lan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from periodic asymmetric potentials is investigated by solving the real-space time-dependent Schrödinger equations and semi-conductor Bloch equations. Our results show that the periodic asymmetric potential will cause asymmetric excitation and HHG dynamics in the time domain, leading to the signal of even order harmonics. From the k-space perspective, a k-dependent transition dipole moment phase reflects the real-space asymmetry and causes the symmetry breaking of excitation and HHG dynamics. We also illustrate that the dephasing effect competes with the asymmetry of interband HHG dynamics. Large amplitude of the driving field is beneficial for observing the symmetry breaking of interband HHG. However, it is found symmetry breaking of intraband HHG dynamics is less influenced by dephasing. Moreover, a carrier-envelope phase controlled driving laser field can be utilized as an isolated attosecond pulse gating mechanism for HHG from the periodic asymmetric potentials.
Numerical simulation on the characteristics of a micro-hollow cathode discharge with external surface of the cathode covered by a dielectric layer
Authors: Jia Pengying , Ran Junxia , Wu Jiacun , Wang Dongdong , Wu Kaiyue , He Xingran , Li Xuechen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Being able to generate a plasma denser than that in the usual micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) device, a MHCD with the cathode outer surface covered by a dielectric layer has been numerically simulated in atmospheric pressure helium with a two-dimensional fluid model in this paper. Results indicate that before reaching a steady state, the covered MHCD sequentially undergoes three phases. In the initial phase, a strong discharge and a weak discharge appear in the vicinities of the cathode and the anode, respectively. Then, a positive streamer propagates along the axis from the anode to the cathode. After that, the entire gap between the two electrodes is filled with discharges. In addition, the evolution of averaged densities is given for various species. Moreover, voltage and current curves are compared for the covered and uncovered MHCDs in the steady state. As expected, the covered MHCD has an averaged electron density higher than that of the uncovered MHCD in the steady state. These results are helpful in generating an atmospheric pressure plasma with high electron density, which is important for the extensive applications of MHCD.
Landau levels and snake states of pseudo-spin-1 Dirac-like electrons in gapped Lieb lattices
Authors: Jakubský V , Zelaya K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work reports the three-band structure associated with a Lieb lattice with arbitrary nearest and next-nearest neighbors hopping interactions. For specific configurations, the system admits a flat band located between two dispersion bands, where three inequivalent Dirac valleys are identified. Furthermore, quasi-particles are effectively described by a spin-1 Dirac-type equation. Under external homogeneous magnetic fields, the Landau levels are exactly determined as the third-order polynomial equation for the energy can be solved using Cardano’s formula. It is also shown that an external anti-symmetric field promotes the existence of current-carrying states, so-called snake states, confined at the interface where the external field changes its sign.
Utilising nanosecond sources in diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Mozumder Meghdoot , Leskinen Jarkko , Tarvainen Tanja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) use near-infrared light for imaging optical properties of biological tissues. Time-domain (TD) DOT systems use pulsed lasers and measure time-varying temporal point spread function (TPSF), carrying information from both superficial and deep layers of imaged target. In this work, feasibility of nanosecond scale light pulses as sources for TD-DOT is studied. Nanosecond sources enable using relatively robust measurement setups with standard analogue-to-digital converter waveform digitizers, such as digital oscilloscopes. However, this type of systems have some properties, such as variations in source pulses and limited temporal sampling, that could limit their usage. In this work, these different aspects and possible limitations were studied with simulations and experiments. Simulations showed that information carried by TD data of diffuse medium is on low frequencies. This enables usage of relatively slow response time measurement electronics, and image processing using Fourier-transformed TD data. Furthermore, the temporal sampling in measurements needs to be high enough to capture the TPSF, but this rate can be achieved with standard digital oscilloscopes. It was shown that, although variations in light pulses of nanosecond lasers are larger than those of picosecond sources, these variations do not affect significantly on image quality. Overall, the simulations demonstrated the capability of nanosecond sources to be utilised in TD-DOT in diffuse medium. In this work, a prototype TD-DOT experimental system utilising a high-energy nanosecond laser was constructed. The system is relatively robust consisting of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser combined with optical parametric oscillator for light input and optical fibres for guiding the light, and avalanche photodetector and high-bandwidth oscilloscope for TPSF measurements. The system was used in both absolute and difference imaging of two phantoms. The experiments verified that both absorbing and scattering objects can be reconstructed with good accuracy with TD-DOT using a nanosecond laser.
A new approach to simultaneously reducing, nitrogen doping and noble metal coating of graphene oxide via active-screen plasma
Authors: Jing Zhiyuan , Guo Weiling , Yu Helong , Qi Shaojun , Tao Xiao , Qiao Yulin , Zhang Wei , Li Xiaoying , Dong Hanshan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Graphene is widely used for various applications, especially after nitrogen doping and incorporation with metal nanoparticles. Herein, a simultaneous approach to reducing, nitrogen doping and noble metals coating of graphene oxide (GO) is reported using an advanced active-screen plasma (ASP) technique. With a noble metal plate added as an extra lid of active screen cage, the corresponding noble metal, mainly or fully in pure metal state, depending on the noble metal type, as well as a minority of Fe and Cr, is deposited on GO with simultaneous reduction and nitrogen doping. The ASP treated GO exhibits varying levels of improvement in electrical property depending on the type of noble metal nanoparticles hybridized with. Specifically, ASP treated GO incorporated with Pt or Au revealed 2–4 orders of magnitude of improvement in electrical property.
Discrepancy and rectifiability of almost linearly repetitive Delone sets
Authors: Smilansky Yotam , Solomon Yaar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We extend a discrepancy bound of Lagarias and Pleasants for local weight distributions on linearly repetitive Delone sets and show that a similar bound holds also for the more general case of Delone sets without finite local complexity if linear repetitivity is replaced by ɛ-linear repetitivity. As a result we establish that Delone sets that are ɛ-linear repetitive for some sufficiently small ɛ are rectifiable, and that incommensurable multiscale substitution tilings are never almost linearly repetitive.
CT scanner-specific organ dose coefficients generated by Monte Carlo calculation for the ICRP adult male and female reference computational phantoms
Authors: Jansen Jan TM , Shrimpton Paul C , Edyvean Sue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Provide analyses of new organ dose coefficients (hereafter also referred to as normalized doses) for CT that have been developed to update the widely-utilized collection of data published 30 years ago in NRPB-SR250. Approach. In order to reflect changes in technology, and also ICRP recommendations concerning use of the computational phantoms adult male (AM) and adult female (AF), 102 series of new Monte Carlo simulations have been performed covering the range of operating conditions for 12 contemporary models of CT scanner from 4 manufacturers. Normalized doses (relative to free air on axis) have been determined for 39 organs, and for every 8 mm or 4.84 mm slab of AM and AF, respectively. Main results. Analyses of results confirm the significant influence (by up to a few tens of percent), on values of normalized organ (or contributions to effective dose (E
103,phan)), for whole body exposure arising from selection of tube voltage and beam shaping filter. Use of partial (when available) rather than a Full fan beam reduced both organ and effective dose by up to 7%. Normalized doses to AF were larger than corresponding figures for AM by up to 30% for organs and by 10% for E
103,phan. Additional simulations for whole body exposure have also demonstrated that: practical simplifications in the main modelling (point source, single slice thickness, neglect of patient couch and immobility of phantom arms) have sufficiently small (<5%) effect on E
103,phan; mis-centring of the phantom away from the axis of rotation by 5 mm (in any direction) leads to changes in normalized organ dose and E
103,phan by up to 20% and 6%, respectively; and angular tube current modulation can result in reductions by up to 35% and <15% in normalized organ dose and E
103,phan, respectively, for 100% cosine variation. Significance. These analyses help advance understanding of the influence of operational scanner settings on organ dose coefficients for contemporary CT, in support of improved patient protection. The results will allow the future development of a new dose estimation tool.
Effects of neoclassical tearing modes and toroidal field ripple on lost alpha power in the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Braun A E , Kramer G J , Tinguely R A , Scott S D , Sweeney R M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using the SPIRAL Monte Carlo, full particle-orbit simulation code, we investigate the effects of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) and toroidal field (TF) ripple on alpha power losses during steady-state operation of the SPARC primary reference discharge. Model perturbations for TF ripple and the

m

/

n
=
2

/

1

and

3

/

2

NTMs with exaggerated widths selected based on an H-mode plasma approaching thermal quench are added to a simulated SPARC magnetic equilibrium through which marker particles are tracked. The 3/2 and 2/1 NTMs are located at

ρ

p
o
l

∼
0.76

and

ρ

p
o
l

∼
0.86

respectively, well positioned to increase alpha particle transport into and within an outer lossy region of the plasma beyond

ρ

p
o
l

∼
0.8

where over 95% of lost alpha particles are born. Total alpha power losses are shown to increase modestly from 1.73% lost at a minimum to 2.34% lost at a maximum, and alpha particle surface power densities form localized hotspots on the first-wall near the low-field side midplane due to NTMs and TF ripple. We establish a conservative upper limit for first-wall alpha surface power densities on a toroidally symmetric wall for typical, flattop operation and motivate the consideration of NTMs in the design of three dimensional limiter surfaces for SPARC.
Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7−δ
coplanar resonator for microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Roitman Ariel , Shaulov A , Yeshurun Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate an improved YBa2Cu3O7−δ
-based microwave kinetic inductance detector with a quality factor

Q
i

∼
2.5
×

10
4

and noise equivalent power,

∼

10

−
12

W

Hz

−
1

at 10 K. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the resonance characteristics, show substantially different behavior, indicating that both the screening currents and vortices play a role. The ZFC measurements exhibit a sharp decrease of the resonance frequency,

f
r

, and

Q
i

at low fields, up to the full penetration field, revealing the dominant role of the screening currents. In contrast, the FC measurements exhibit a moderate decrease of

f
r

and

Q
i

with field, revealing the role of vortices and reflecting the field dependence of the penetration depth in a d-wave superconductor.
Tensor-network approaches to counting statistics for the current in a boundary-driven diffusive system
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We apply tensor networks to counting statistics for the stochastic particle transport in an out-of-equilibrium diffusive system. This system is composed of a one-dimensional channel in contact with two particle reservoirs at the ends. Two tensor-network algorithms, namely, density matrix renormalization group and time evolving block decimation, are respectively implemented. The cumulant generating function for the current is numerically calculated and then compared with the analytical solution. Excellent agreement is found, manifesting the validity of these approaches in such an application. Moreover, the fluctuation theorem for the current is shown to hold.
Can sub-GeV dark matter coherently scatter on the electrons in the atom?
Authors: Guo Ji-Heng , Sun Yu-Xuan , Wang Wenyu , Wu Ke-Yun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A novel detection of sub-GeV dark matter is proposed in the paper. The electron cloud is boosted by the dark matter and emits an electron when it is dragged back by the heavy nucleus, namely the coherent scattering of the electron cloud of the atom. The survey in the x-ray diffraction shows that the atomic form factors are much more complex than the naive consideration. The results of the relativistic Hartree–Fock (RHF) method give non-trivial shapes of the atoms. The detailed calculation of the recoil of the electron cloud, the kinetics, the fiducial cross section and the corresponding calculation of detection rate are given analytically. The numerical results show that the limits of the RHF form factors are much more stringent than the recoil of a single electron, almost 4 orders stronger, and also give tight limitations compared to the Migdal effect below about several hundred MeV. The physical picture and the corresponding results are promising and need further exploration.
A numerical method to calculate dwell time for electron in semiconductor nanostructure
Authors: Xie Shi-Shi , Lu Mao-Wang , Chen Sai-Yan , Qin Ying-Jie , Wen Li , Chen Jia-Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To some extent, the operational quickness of semiconductor devices depends on the transmission time of an electron through semiconductor nanostructures. However, the calculation of transmission time is very difficult, thanks to both the contentious definition of the transmission time in quantum mechanics and the complicated effective potential functions experienced by electrons in semiconductor devices. Here, based on an improved transfer matrix method to numerically solve the Schrödinger equation and H G Winful’s relationship to calculate the dwell time, we develop a numerical approach to evaluate the transmission time of an electron in semiconductor devices. Compared to the exactly resolvable case of the rectangular potential barrier, the established numerical approach possesses high precision and small error, which may be employed to explore the dynamic response and operating speed of semiconductor devices. This proposed numerical method is successfully applied to the calculation of dwell time for an electron in double rectangular potential barriers and the dependence of transmission time on the number of potential barriers is revealed.
Quantum carpets: efficiently probing fractional revivals in position-dependent mass systems
Authors: Bibi Tooba , Javed Sunia , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Position-dependent-mass systems are of great importance in many physical situations, such as the transport of charge carriers in semiconductors with non-uniform composition and in the theory of many-body interactions in condensed matter. Here we investigate, numerically and analytically, the phenomenon of fractional revivals in such systems, which is a generic characteristic manifested by the wave-packet evolution in bounded Hamiltonian systems. Identifying the fractional revivals using specific probes is an important task in the theory of quantum measurement and sensing. We numerically simulate the temporal evolution of probability density and information entropy density, which manifest self-similarly recurring interference patterns, namely, quantum carpets. Our numerical results show that the quantum carpets not only serve as an effective probe for recognizing the fractional revivals of various order but they efficiently describe the effect of spatially-varying mass on the structure of fractional revivals, which is manifested as a symmetry breaking in their designs.
α-cluster decay from 24Mg resonances produced in the 12C(16O,24Mg)α reaction*
Authors: Wang Dong-Xi , Ye Yan-Lin , Lin Cheng-Jian , Chen Jia-Hao , Ma Kai , Han Jia-Xing , Jia Hui-Ming , Yang Lei , Yang Li-Sheng , Hu Zi-Yao , Chen Ying , Pu Wei-Liang , Li Gen , Tan Zhi-Wei , Zhu Hong-Yu , Luo Tian-Peng , Zhong Shan-Hao , Huang Da-Hu , Lou Jian-Ling , Yang Xiao-Fei , Li Qi-Te , Xu Jin-Yan , Yang Zai-Hong , Wei Kang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A transfer reaction and cluster-decay experiment,

C(

O,

Mg

α+

Ne)α, was performed at a beam energy of 96 MeV. Both recoil and decay α particles were detected in coincidence, allowing us to deduce the energy-momentum of a

Ne fragment. A number of resonant states of

Mg were reconstructed up to an excitation energy of approximately 30 MeV. Owing to the experimentally achieved excellent resolutions of the Q-value and excitation-energy spectra, the relative decay widths for each resonant state in

Mg to various final states of

Ne were extracted, along with the total decay width. The obtained results provide good testing ground for theoretical descriptions of multiple clustering configurations in

Mg.
1SWASP J010313.78+352903.7: A Totally Eclipsing Binary with Components in Poor Thermal Contact
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Zhu Liying , Yuan Kai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We presented photometry for an EB-type totally eclipsing binary, 1SWASP J010313.78+352903.7, observed with the Xinglong 85 cm telescope on 2021 October 22. Light curves in five bands (including the TESS data) were analyzed by employing the Wilson–Devinney method. The photometric solutions show that it is a contact binary with a relatively low mass ratio (q ≃ 0.28), relatively large fill-out factor (f ≃ 40%) and large temperature difference (Δ T ≃ 1700 K). Max.I-Max.II is up to about 9% of variable light amplitude of the asymmetric light curves. It is well described by double-hot spots model on the surface of the cooler secondary. The two hot spots are both in growing and evolving. They may be caused by two different mechanics, i.e., magnetic stellar activity and mass transfer. The large temperature difference between the two contact components indicates that they share a non-thermal equilibrium common envelope.