bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutively‐expressed and induced immune effectors in the house fly (Musca domestica) and the transcription factors that may regulate them
Authors: Asgari Danial , Saski Christopher A. , Meisel Richard P. , Nayduch Dana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInsects possess both infection‐induced and constitutively expressed innate immune defences. Some effectors, such as lysozymes and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are constitutively expressed in flies, but expression patterns vary across tissues and species. The house fly (Musca domestica L.) has an impressive immune repertoire, with more effector genes than any other flies. We used RNA‐seq to explore both constitutive and induced expression of immune effectors in flies. House flies were fed either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, or sterile control broth, and gene expression in the gut and carcass was analysed 4 h post‐feeding. Flies fed either bacterium did not induce AMP expression, but some lysozyme and AMP genes were constitutively expressed. Prior transcriptome data from flies injected with bacteria also were analysed, and these constitutively expressed genes differed from those induced by bacterial injection. Binding sites for the transcription factor Myc were enriched upstream of constitutively expressed AMP genes, while upstream regions of induced AMPs were enriched for NF‐κB binding sites resembling those of the Imd‐responsive transcription factor Relish. Therefore, we identified at least two expression repertoires for AMPs in the house fly: constitutively expressed genes that may be regulated by Myc, and induced AMPs likely regulated by Relish.
Development of inflammatory bowel disease patient education and medical information sheets: serving an unmet need
Authors: Al‐Ani Aysha ,   GESA IBD Patient Information Materials Working Group*, Garg Mayur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal condition that necessitates life‐long healthcare engagement and management. Empowering patients with knowledge is fundamental to enhance health literacy, improve health outcomes and facilitate complex decision‐making regarding medication and potential surgery. A working group was formed to develop concise, comprehensive patient information sheets to meet this unmet need in the Australian setting.
Who donates and how? New evidence on the tax incentives in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Lideikyte Huber Giedre , Pittavino Marta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present study is the first large‐scale empirical legal analysis of tax incentives for charitable giving in Switzerland, and one of the few studies globally. Using unique longitudinal data including household income and wealth of the entire taxpayers' population of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, we study patterns of charitable deductions and characteristics of donors making such deductions. Our study period extends over a decade (2001‐2011), this period also encompassing a legal reform that raised ceilings for charitable deductions. We observe that an overwhelming majority of donors make deductions that never reach the legal ceiling, especially after the reform. Nonetheless, we identify a subset of donors that are potentially tax‐incentive sensitive, because their deductions constantly reach (or exceed) this ceiling. Deductions made by those donors amount to 30%–54% of all such deductions in the canton of Geneva. If compared to all donors, the donors in this particular subset are older (in their mid‐late 60s), mostly single, wealthier and more regular givers (deducters). Analyzing the deduction patterns in the entire donors' population, we observe that deducting charitable donations have become increasingly popular during the study period. In addition, we find that donors' relative generosity tends to decrease when their income and wealth increase. Those results have important tax policy implications and relevance in modeling tax incentives for charitable giving, in both Switzerland and elsewhere.
Upstream market structure and downstream partial ownership
Authors: Shuai Jie , Xia Mengyuan , Zeng Chenhang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExisting studies on partial ownership usually overlook the effects of vertically related markets. Our paper highlights the importance of the upstream market on downstream firms' incentives to acquire partial ownership and the consequent welfare implications. In the main model, we assume that there are three firms in the downstream market, two of which may form a partial ownership arrangement. We find several results that are in contrast to those in the literature. First, the two firms will engage in partial ownership if the upstream market is an oligopoly (triopoly or duopoly). Second, partial ownership may raise total production, consumer surplus, and social welfare. This happens when the upstream market consists of a duopoly and the two firms involved in partial ownership are supplied by different suppliers. Third, the outsider, commonly known as a free rider in the literature, may become a victim of partial ownership. Our results are robust to several extensions, including a general ‐firm framework, product differentiation, and uniform pricing by upstream firms. We also provide the conditions under which the curvature of the demand function and the convexity of the cost function motivate firms to form partial ownership.
Effectiveness of telehealth‐based exercise interventions on pain, physical function and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yajie , Li Sitian , Cai Ying , Zhang Qi , Ge Pu , Shang Shaomei , Han Hongbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth‐based exercise intervention on pain, physical function and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsSix databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched for relevant randomised controlled trials published from database inception to 3 June 2021. Reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and used the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool for quality assessment. A meta‐analysis and subgroup analyses, stratified by control condition, intervention duration and delivery type, were conducted by Revman 5.4. The study was reported in compliance with PRISMA statement.ResultsA total of 9 independent RCTs with 861 participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed that the telehealth‐based exercise interventions significantly reduced pain in KOA patients (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI [−0.49, −0.08], p < .01) and produced similar effects to controls in terms of physical function and quality of life. Subgroup analysis revealed that telehealth‐based exercise interventions were superior to the use of exercise booklet and usual care in terms of pain and physical function and were similar to face‐to‐face exercise treatment; a long‐term (>3 months) intervention and the use of web and smartphone APPs to deliver exercise interventions were associated with better pain relief and physical function.ConclusionsTelehealth‐based exercise intervention is an effective strategy for KOA management during the COVID‐19 epidemic, and it is significantly better than usual care in reducing knee pain and improving physical function and was able to achieve the effects of traditional face‐to‐face exercise treatment. Although the duration and type of delivery associated with the effect of the intervention have been identified, patient preference and acceptability need to be considered in practice.
Species delimitation of the liquorice tribe (Leguminosae: Glycyrrhizeae) based on phylogenomic and machine learning analyses
Authors: Duan Lei , Han Li‐Na , Liu Bin‐Bin , Leostrin Artem , Harris AJ , Wang Lin , Arslan Emine , Ertuğrul Kuddisi , Knyazev Mikhail , Hantemirova Elena , Wen Jun , Chen Hong‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe liquorice tribe Glycyrrhizeae is a leguminous herbaceous group of plants comprised of the genera Glycyrrhiza and Glycyrrhizopsis. Some Glycyrrhiza taxa contain glycyrrhizin, a pharmacologically significant sweet substance that also has applications in crafting industrial materials. Here, we utilized an expanded taxon sampling of Glycyrrhizeae to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships in the tribe based on genome skimming data, including whole chloroplast genomes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and low‐copy nuclear DNA. We also launched machine learning analysis (MLA) for one species pair with controversial taxonomic boundary. The integrated results indicated Glycyrrhizopsis should be split from Glycyrrhiza, while the former genus Meristotropis should be treated as part of Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhizopsis includes two species, Glycyrrhizopsis asymmetrica and Glycyrrhizopsis flavescens, and we recognize 13 species in Glycyrrhiza: Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa, Glycyrrhiza astragalina, Glycyrrhiza bucharica, Glycyrrhiza echinata, Glycyrrhiza foetida, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Glycyrrhiza macedonica, Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora, Glycyrrhiza squamulosa, Glycyrrhiza triphylla, and Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis. We propose a broader G. glabra that includes former Glycyrrhiza aspera, G. glabra s.s., Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and represents the glycyrrhizin‐contained medicinal group. Our ancestral state inferences show the ancestor of Glycyrrhiza lacked glycyrrhizin, and the presence of glycyrrhizin evolved twice within Glycyrrhiza during the last one million years. Our integrative phylogenomics‐MLA study not only provides new insights into long‐standing taxonomic controversies of Glycyrrhizeae, but also represents a useful approach for future taxonomic studies on other plant taxa.
The potential role of Bifidobacterium spp. as a preventive and therapeutic agent in controlling inflammation via affecting inflammatory signalling pathways
Authors: Aghamohammad S. , Sepehr A. , Miri S.T. , Najafi S. , Pourshafie M.R. , Rohani M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapses and periods of remission. Forasmuch as, dysregulation of the immune system is one of the triggers of IBD, taking probiotics as one of the immunomodulators in the gut, could help to control inflammation and IBD via influencing signalling pathways. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of five selected Bifidobacterium strains in modulating JAK/STAT and NF-kB inflammatory signalling pathways via using the in vitro assay. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyse the expression of JAK/STAT and inflammatory genes followed by potential probiotic treatments before, after and simultaneously with the inflammation induction (sonicated pathogen). The production of IL-6 and IL-1β after probiotic treatment was evaluated. Probiotic treatment resulted in the downregulation of TIRAP, IRAK4, NEMO and RIP genes in the NF-kB pathway, as well as JAK genes compared to sonicate-treated cells. The expression of STAT genes was different after our selected Bifidobacterium strains treatment. The production of IL-6 and IL-1β decreased after probiotic treatment. These strains of Bifidobacterium spp. showed anti-inflammatory effects on HT-29 cells via modulation of JAK/STAT and NF-kB signalling pathways. The use of Bifidobacterium spp. could be considered as a suitable preventive and complementary treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Mitochondrial activity and biogenesis during resurrection of Haberlea rhodopensis
Authors: Ivanova Aneta , O′Leary Brendan , Signorelli Santiago , Falconet Denis , Moyankova Daniela , Whelan James , Djilianov Dimitar , Murcha Monika W. 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Haberlea rhodopensis is a resurrection plant that can tolerate extreme and prolonged periods of desiccation with a rapid restoration of physiological function upon rehydration. Specialized mechanisms are required to minimize cellular damage during desiccation and to maintain integrity for rapid recovery following rehydration.

In this study we used respiratory activity measurements, electron microscopy, transcript, protein and blue native‐PAGE analysis to investigate mitochondrial activity and biogenesis in fresh, desiccated and rehydrated detached H. rhodopensis leaves.

We demonstrate that unlike photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration was almost immediately activated to levels of fresh tissue upon rehydration. The abundance of transcripts and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis were at comparable levels in fresh, desiccated and rehydrated tissues. Blue native‐PAGE analysis revealed fully assembled and equally abundant OXPHOS complexes in mitochondria isolated from fresh, desiccated and rehydrated detached leaves. We observed a high abundance of alternative respiratory components which correlates with the observed high uncoupled respiration capacity in desiccated tissue.

Our study reveals that during desiccation of vascular H. rhodopensis tissue, mitochondrial composition is conserved and maintained at a functional state allowing for an almost immediate activation to full capacity upon rehydration. Mitochondria‐specific mechanisms were activated during desiccation which probably play a role in maintaining tolerance.
Clinical Outcomes of the Modified Stoppa Combined with Iliac Fossa Approach for Complex Acetabular Fractures: A Medium‐ and Long‐term Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Yun , Tang Ting‐ting , Zou Chang , Fang Yue 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach has gained increasing popularity. Although early clinical outcomes have been satisfactory, extensive long‐term clinical outcomes are relatively scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medium‐ and long‐term outcomes of this approach for complex acetabular fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 57 patients with complex acetabular fractures from January 2009 to January 2016. All fractures were treated with the modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach. Follow‐up was at least 5 years. Primary outcome measures, including quality of reduction and clinical outcomes, were recorded by an independent observer. Secondary outcome measures included time to surgery, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative complications.ResultsFifty‐seven patients (range, 18–80 years) included 46 males and 11 females. There were 32 cases on the left side and 25 cases on the right side. The most common associated injury was pulmonary contusion. According to the Judet–Letournel classification, there were 27 both‐column fractures, 16 anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fractures and 14 T‐type fractures. The average time from injury to surgery was 7.3 days. The average intraoperative blood loss and transfusion were 750.9 ml and 564.3 ml, respectively. All fractures healed within 6 months after surgery. The average follow‐up time was 7.7 years, and there was no loss of follow‐up. The quality of reduction was graded as anatomical in 23 cases (40.4%), imperfect in 22 cases (38.6%), and poor in 12 cases (21.0%). According to grading system of Merle d’ Aubigne and Postel, clinical outcomes at 1 year follow‐up were excellent in 17 cases (29.8%), good in 25 cases (43.9%), fair in four cases (7.0%), and poor in 11 cases (19.3%). The excellent and good rate was 73.7% and the difference was not statistically significant compared with the clinical outcomes at the last follow‐up. Intraoperative complications included four cases of obturator nerve injury and two cases of vascular injury. Postoperative complications included one case of wound delayed healing, two cases of deep vein thrombosis, two cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head, three cases of heterotopic ossification and five cases of post‐traumatic arthritis. Only one of these patients underwent reoperation for femoral head necrosis.ConclusionsThe modified Stoppa combined with iliac fossa approach can achieve satisfactory reduction quality and hip function. It might be a valuable alternative to the ilioinguinal approach for the surgical management of acetabular fractures.
COVID‐19‐induced governance transformation: How external shocks may spur cross‐organizational collaboration and trust‐based management
Authors: Bentzen Tina Ø. , Torfing Jacob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPersistent efforts to meet the demand for cross‐organizational collaboration and trust‐based management have been halted by a mixture of bureaucratic inertia and entrenched New Public Management thinking. This article explores whether the COVID‐crisis has broken the reform deadlock. Based on a handful of recent surveys and interviews conducted by Danish public sector organizations, we look at the crisis‐induced transformations in local public administration. The main finding is that the pandemic has forced administrative agencies to collaborate with each other to solve new and pressing problems in a turbulent environment. Similarly, it has urged public managers to trust the skills and motivation of their employees, who must solve administrative tasks in innovative ways and with limited managerial support, supervision and monitoring. While changes may amount to little more than a temporary departure from normalcy, lesson‐drawing, learning retention and proactive leadership may help to produce a sustainable transformation.
Sun‐protective Properties of Technical Sportswear Fabrics 100% Polyester: The Influence of Moisture and Sweat on Protection against Different Biological Effects of Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
Authors: Aguilera José , Navarrete‐de Gálvez Enrique , Sánchez‐Roldán Cristina , Herrera‐Ceballos Enrique , de Gálvez María V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of technical sportswear is now widespread, but the degree of protection these fabrics offer against UV radiation is not known. We have analyzed the capacity of different types of technical sportswear fabrics to protect against different UV biological effects. A sample of 34 100% polyester t‐shirts from different manufactures was classified by color, fabric structure, cover factor, and due to different tonalities, dark, and clear color. Ultraviolet protection factor was calculated according to UNE‐EN13758. The protection factor for other biological effects as pre‐vitamin D3 production, non‐melanoma skin cancer, photoimmunosuppression, and photoaging was analyzed. The effects of moisture and sweat in protection were also evaluated. From the analyzed sample garments, more than 75% achieved an excellent protection value (protection factor 40–50+). Higher values were found in double‐layer type (P < 0.05). Cover factor was the main determinant of biological protection factors with correlation coefficients of 0.81 for UPF (erythema), 0.77 for NMSC, and 0.63 for photoimmunosuppression. Water or sweat humidity saturation increased biological protection factors over a 20% (P < 0.05). The 83% of the fabrics analyzed showed less than 5% of transmittance with labeling as UVA protective elements. No effect of fabric color was found related to biological protection factors. The 100% polyester sports T‐shirts of the analyzed sample offer general protection against UV for different biological effects that can be increased by humidity but no affected by fabric color.
Impacts of sex steroids and aromatase inhibitor on performances, carcass characteristics and gonadal histology of broiler chickens slaughtered at different ages
Authors: Younis Mona E. M. , Alaryani Fatima S. , Jaber Fatima A. , Aboelnour Asmaa , Shukry Mustafa , Taha Ayman E. , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Losacco Caterina , Abo Ghanima Mahmoud M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis experiment was established to evaluate the influence of synthetic steroid hormone and aromatase inhibitor on performance, carcass characteristics, hormonal profile and gonadal structure of broiler chickens slaughtered at two different ages. A total of 360 Cobb Avian48 chicks were sexed and distributed randomly into three groups: Tam10 group; birds received Tamoxifen10mg (Tamfen 10 mg@) orally at a level of 10 mg/kg body weight daily from the 3rd till the 9th day of age; BOL group: birds injected intramuscularly with Boldenone undecylenate (BOLD‐GAN@ 0.1 mg/kg) at the 5th and the 9th day of age; and Control group. BOL injection or Tam supplementation improved performance traits compared with the control group. Although Tam positive effect appeared early before the 5th week of age, the BOL effect was delayed to the 6th week. BOL injection improved carcass characteristics of both sexes at both 5 and 6 weeks slaughtering ages. Regardless of treatment effect, the mortality% was higher in the late weeks of age than in the early weeks. Moreover, BOL treatment increased comb% compared with control and Tam treatments. Generally, males had significantly higher testosterone levels and lower oestrogen levels than females. Males treated with Boldenone had the highest testosterone level, although testosterone levels did not differ considerably among females of the various groups. BOL treatment females had the lowest oestrogen level. Both Tam10 and Boldenone had adverse effects on testicular and ovarian histology, affecting the typical structures. Finally, we concluded that the anabolic effect of Tam10 may be achieved in griller broilers production without changing the sex hormones assay. Although Boldenone achieved an anabolic effect without changing blood sex hormone levels, this effect is induced early with females and delayed with males, which prolongs the marketing period. The goal is to shorten this period. Therefore, this material can only be used with the possibility of separating females from males to be used with females only.
First report of transfusing low‐titer cold‐stored type O whole blood to an extremely‐low‐birth‐weight neonate after acute blood loss
Authors: Carr Nicholas R. , Hulse Whitley L. , Bahr Timothy M. , Davidson Jessica M. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple reports suggest that cold‐stored low‐titer type O whole blood (LTOWB) is becoming a preferred transfusion product for resuscitating massive hemorrhage across trauma, obstetrical, and pediatric services. However, we know of no reports of using this product for emergency transfusion of newborn infants after acute severe hemorrhage.Case ReportWe report our experience with emergency transfusion of re‐warmed LTOWB using a fluid warmer for the resuscitation of a hypotensive 25‐week gestation neonate following acute and severe placental abruption. The transfusion was tolerated well, without evidence of hemolysis or other complications.ConclusionsThis is the first report of which we are aware of transfusing warmed LTOWB to a preterm neonate. Our positive experience leads us to speculate that this product could have a role for neonates following acute severe blood loss.