bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacing Equilibrium in First Price Auction Markets
Authors: Conitzer Vincent , Kroer Christian , Panigrahi Debmalya , Schrijvers Okke , Stier-Moses Nicolas E. , Sodomka Eric , Wilkens Christopher A. 
Published: April 2022

Mature internet advertising platforms offer high-level campaign management tools to help advertisers run their campaigns, often abstracting away the intricacies of how each ad is placed and focusing on aggregate metrics of interest to advertisers. On such platforms, advertisers often participate in auctions through a proxy bidder, so the standard incentive analyses that are common in the literature do not apply directly. In this paper, we take the perspective of a budget management system that surfaces aggregated incentives—instead of individual auctions—and compare first and second price auctions. We show that theory offers surprising endorsement for using a first price auction to sell individual impressions. In particular, first price auctions guarantee uniqueness of the steady-state equilibrium of the budget management system, monotonicity, and other desirable properties, as well as efficient computation through the solution to the well-studied Eisenberg–Gale convex program. Contrary to what one can expect from first price auctions, we show that incentives issues are not a barrier that undermines the system. Using realistic instances generated from data collected at real-world auction platforms, we show that bidders have small regret with respect to their optimal ex post strategy, and they do not have a big incentive to misreport when they can influence equilibria directly by giving inputs strategically. Finally, budget-constrained bidders, who have significant prevalence in real-world platforms, tend to have smaller regrets. Our computations indicate that bidder budgets, pacing multipliers, and regrets all have a positive association in statistical terms. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: D. Panigrahi was supported in part by the National Science Foundation [Awards CCF 1535972, CCF 1750140, and CCF 1955703]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4310 .
Early initiation of rivaroxaban after reperfusion therapy for stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Koge Junpei , Yamagami Hiroshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Yasaka Masahiro , Hirano Teruyuki , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Nagao Takehiko , Yoshimura Shinichi , Fujishige Masahito , Tempaku Akira , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Mori Etsuro , Koga Masatoshi , Minematsu Kazuo 
Published: April 2022

Background
The optimal timing of initiating oral anticoagulants after reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke is unknown. Factors related to early initiation of rivaroxaban and differences in clinical outcomes of stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who underwent reperfusion therapy was investigated.

Methods
From data of 1,333 NVAF patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in a prospective multicenter study, patients who started rivaroxaban after intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy were included. The clinical outcomes included the composite of ischemic events (recurrent ischemic stroke, TIA, or systemic embolism) and major bleeding at 3 months.

Results
Among the 424 patients, the median time from index stroke to starting rivaroxaban was 3.2 days. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, infarct size (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95%CI, 0.99–1.00) was inversely and successful reperfusion (OR, 2.13; 95%CI, 1.24–3.72) was positively associated with initiation of rivaroxaban within 72 hours. 205 patients were assigned to the early group (< 72 hours) and 219 patients (≥ 72 hours) to the late group. Multivariable Cox regression models showed comparable hazard ratios between the two groups at 3 months for ischemic events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.18; 95%CI, 0.03–1.32) and major bleeding (HR, 1.80; 95%CI, 0.24–13.54).

Conclusions
Infarct size and results of reperfusion therapy were associated with the timing of starting rivaroxaban. There were no significant differences in the rates of ischemic events and major bleeding between patients after reperfusion therapy who started rivaroxaban < 72 hours and ≥ 72 hours after the index stroke.

Clinical trial registration
Unique identifier: NCT02129920; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia: Cox-gamma shared frailty model
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Arefaynie Mastewal , Bitew Gedamnesh , Amsalu Erkihun Tadesse , Kefale Bereket , Muche Amare , Fentaw Zinabu , Genetu Chanie Muluken , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Adane Bezawit , Damtie Yitayish , Adane Metadel , Ayele Wolde Melese , Andargie Assefa , Dewau Reta 
Published: April 2022

Background
Under-five mortality (U5M) is one of the most important and sensitive indicators of the health status of the community. Despite there having been a substantial reduction in U5M since 1990, its rate is still high in Sub-Saharan African countries. Thus, this study aimed to assess time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
This study utilized a secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 9,807 weighted under-five children selected at different stages were included in the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s-gamma shared frailty models were used to estimate survival time and to identify predictors of under-five mortality, respectively. An adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to measure the effect size and direction of the association.

Results
The study indicated that 6.69% (95% CI: 6.13, 7.30) of children died before celebrating their fifth birthday in rural Ethiopia. Of all the deaths, the median time to death was 27 months. After controlling the effect of cluster and other confounding factors, female sex (AHR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.75), ever born greater than five children (AHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83), very large size at birth (AHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03 1.71), very small size at birth (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), twin pregnancy (AHR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.47, 4.88), not ever breastfeeding (AHR = 11.29, 95% CI: 9.03, 14.12), unimproved latrine (AHR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.17), covered by health insurance (AHR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.70) were predictors of under-five mortality.

Conclusions
Still under-five mortality was high in rural Ethiopia as compared to the global under-five mortality rate. In the final model, sex of a child, the total number of children ever born, children’s size at birth, type of pregnancy, breastfeeding, type of toilet, and being covered by health insurance were significant predictors of under-five mortality. Further emphasis should be given to twin and not breastfeeding children, as well as households’ better encouraging membership of community health insurance and utilization of improved latrines.
Community Radio Policies in South Asia: A Deliberative Policy Ecology Approach, Preeti Raghunath (2020)
Authors: Mollgaard Matt 
Published: April 2022

Review of: Community Radio Policies in South Asia: A Deliberative Policy Ecology Approach, Preeti Raghunath (2020)
Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 370 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-81155-628-9, h/bk, €109.99
Fibroblast growth factor‐23 and parathyroid hormone suppress small intestinal magnesium absorption
Authors: Suksridechacin Nasisorn , Thongon Narongrit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the systemic and direct effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) on duodenal, jejunal, and ileal Mg2+ absorption. The rats were injected with FGF‐23 or PTH for 5 h before collecting the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for Mg2+ transport analysis in Ussing chambers. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were directly exposed to FGF‐23, PTH, or FGF‐23 plus PTH with or without cell signaling inhibitors for 150 min in Ussing chambers prior to performing the Mg2+ transport study. The small intestinal tissues were also subjected to western blot analyses for FGF receptor (FGFR), PTH receptor (PTHR), Klotho, transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6), and cyclin as well as the cystathionine β‐synthase domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 4 (CNNM4) expression. The small intestine abundantly expressed FGFR and PTHR proteins, whereas, Klotho was not expressed in rat small intestine. Systemic PTH or FGF‐23 injection significantly suppressed transcellular Mg2+ transport in the duodenum and jejunum. Direct FGF‐23‐, PTH‐, or FGF‐23 plus PTH exposure also suppressed transcellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum and jejunum. There was no additional inhibitory effect of PTH and FGF‐23 on intestinal Mg2+ absorption. The inhibitory effect of PTH, FGF‐23, or FGF‐23 plus PTH was abolished by Gö 6850. Systemic PTH‐ or FGF‐23‐injection significantly decreased membranous TRPM6 expression, but increased cytosolic CNNM4 expression in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the present study, we propose a novel magnesiotropic action of PTH and FGF‐23 by modulating small intestinal Mg2+ absorption.
Effects of amiloride on acetylcholine‐dependent arterial vasodilation evolve over time in mice on a high salt diet
Authors: Mutchler Stephanie M. , Kleyman Thomas R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe maintenance of endothelial health is required for normal vascular function and blood pressure regulation. The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in endothelial cells has emerged as a new molecular player in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide production and vascular stiffness. While ENaC expression in the kidney is negatively regulated by high [Na+], ENaC expression in isolated endothelial cells has been shown to increase in response to a high extracellular [Na+]. In culture, this increased expression leads to cellular stiffening and decreased nitric oxide release. In vivo, the effects of high salt diet on endothelial ENaC expression and activity have varied depending on the animal model utilized. Our aim in the present study was to examine the role of endothelial ENaC in mediating vasorelaxation in the C57Bl/6 mouse strain. We utilized pressure myography to test the responsiveness of thoracodorsal arteries to acetylcholine in mice with increased sodium consumption both in the presence and absence of increased aldosterone. ENaC’s contribution was assessed with the use of the specific inhibitor amiloride. We found that while aldosterone had very little effect on ENaC's contribution to acetylcholine sensitivity, a high salt diet led to an amiloride‐dependent shift in the acetylcholine response of vessels. However, the direction of this shift was dependent on the length of high salt diet administration. Overall, our studies reveal that ENaC's role in the endothelium may be more complicated than previously thought. The channel does not simply inhibit nitric oxide generation, but instead helps preserve a homeostatic response.
Personal Digital Archiving: Eine neue Aufgabe für Öffentliche und Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
Authors: Zangerl Lina Maria , Peters-Kottig Wolfgang , Oßwald Achim 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Sicherung und längerfristige Archivierung persönlich relevanter Dokumente und Dateien, in der Fachliteratur als Personal Digital Archiving (PDA) bezeichnet, ist eine für Privatpersonen zunehmend wichtiger werdende Aufgabe. Praktische Anleitungen und weiterführende Hinweise zur Umsetzung dieser Aufgabe gibt die auf unterschiedliche Nutzer:innenperspektiven ausgerichtete Webseite meinDigitalesArchiv.de, die seit 2020 von der nestor-AG PDA bereitgestellt wird. Mit den Informationen dieser Webseite können und sollten Bibliotheken und andere Einrichtungen, die Informationskompetenz vermitteln, Privatpersonen für die Sicherung ihrer persönlichen digitalen Daten sensibilisieren und schulen. Mit der Umsetzung dieser Aufgabe können Öffentliche wie Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken zur Sicherung auch gesamtgesellschaftlich relevanter Erinnerungsbausteine beitragen.
Students’ and teachers’ perceptions for composition of ionic compounds
Authors: Wisudawati Asih Widi , Barke Hans-Dieter , Lemma Abayneh , Agung Salamah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate how chemistry-teacher students and teachers interpret chemical equations regarding the sub-microscopic level of solid ionic salts and their solutions. Addressing participants’ skills in making sense of chemical formulas might significantly influence students’ conceptual understanding: ionic salts formulas like Na2CO3(s), CaCO3(s), MgO(s) were established in the questionnaire. A coding system used to reveal participants’ reasoning correspond to their misconceptions. The enrolled participants were 101 undergraduate chemistry education students from Indonesia and Ethiopia and 24 chemistry teachers from Indonesia and Tanzania. Our results showed students’ and teachers’ difficulties in figuring out the involved ions of provided salts and interpreting the chemical formulas. Consequently, general chemistry learning should provide better fundamental knowledge on the submicroscopic level based on involved particles like atoms, ions, and molecules. It would also be helpful to introduce an appropriate sequence of historical ideas to find the existence of atoms, ions, and molecules.
Shining a Light on Eyvind Johnson’s Sidelined Novel, Nittonhundrasjutton
Authors: Thorup Thomsen Bjarne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article offers a re-assessment of a little-known novel by Eyvind Johnson, Nittonhundrasjutton (1930–31), which was published purely in periodical form and has received very limited critical attention hitherto. The article approaches the novel through the theoretical lens of the widening and softening tendencies that characterise current understandings of the field of modernist literature. The appreciation of Johnson’s novel is informed, furthermore, by new insights into the role of interwar modernism in registering and responding to the afterlife of war as well as the spectre of a future war. The article argues that the sidelining of the novel in the reception of Johnson’s work is attributable more to its unusual publication mode than to any lack of artistic merit. After providing perspectives on the circumstances that surrounded Johnson’s creation of the novel, the article goes on to substantiate and scrutinise the novel’s modernist display of innovative temporalities and spatialities as well as its satirical sophistication. The article concludes that the novel deserves recognition for its original depiction of the fractured reality of wartime as it is lived and felt hundreds of kilometres from the core war zone.
Thermal stability, mechanical, and optical properties of novel RTV silicone rubbers using octa(dimethylethoxysiloxy)-POSS as a cross-linker
Authors: Huang Xing , Song Guomin , Shi Jianjun , Ren Jiafei , Guo Ruilu , Li Chunyuan , Chen Guangxin , Li Qifang , Zhou Zheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Octa(dimethylethoxysiloxy) POSS (ODES) was synthesized successfully and used as the novel curing agent to prepare RTV silicone rubber (SROD) with outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability. Compared with the silicone rubber cross-linked by tetraethoxysilane (SRTE), the novel RTV silicone rubber using octa(dimethylethoxysiloxy) POSS as a cross-linker had better mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. The highest tensile strength of SROD reached 1.26 MPa, which is three times that of SRTE. Besides, the decomposition temperature of 10% weight loss reached 507.7°C, exceeding that of SRTE by nearly 150°C. In addition, it was remarkable that due to the good compatibility of ODES with the silicone rubber matrix, the series of SROD showed good transmittance, greater than 87%. The thermal decomposition process of SROD was investigated by TGA coupled with real-time FTIR, and the results revealed the rigid structure and large steric hindrance of ODES that efficiently blocked the “backbiting” of the polysiloxy chains and delayed the end-induced ring decomposition, and consequently, improved the thermal stability of SROD significantly.
Evaluating Digital Divide Based on Big Wireless Logs: A Case Study among Remote Tribes in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ssu-Han , Li Huan-Chung , Liaw Yi-Ching , Hsu Chien-Lung , Le Tuan-Vinh , Luo Wei-Ling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research attempts to explore digital divide among tribes in Taiwan and to reveal relevant important tribal contextual features. Firstly, we collect residents’ connection event logs from the free wireless Internet, i-Tribe. Those connect behaviors are quantified as average of daily connection frequency, daily connection time, daily data transmission, inter-login time, Internet speed, and connection quality which are corresponding to evaluate how often, how long, how much, how active, how fast and the effectiveness of the information and communication technology (ICT) accessibility of tribes. Then the tribes are grouped into tribal clusters optimally by a rank aggregation algorithm and are asked if there are significant differences among them by three stages of hypothesis testing. After the phenomenon of digital divide is confirmed, some important contextual features, longitude, female dependency ratio, network environment level, economic service level, and policy cooperation level, are identified using the ordinal regression model (ORM).
Influence of testers on the ISE effect
Authors: Petrík Jozef , Blaško Peter , Domovcová Lucia , Sedlák Richard , Guzanová Anna , Ťavodová Miroslava , Pribulová Alena , Futaš Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the micro-hardness range of the load, the measurement is complicated by the occurrence of the Indentation Size Effect (ISE) – the measured value of the micro-hardness is affected by the value of the applied load. The paper aims to study the influence of the automatic testers on the character type and size of the ISE. Ten testers and five standard reference blocks were involved in the “round-robin test”. Parameters of the ISE were evaluated using Meyer’s, Hays–Kendall, and PSR methods and also by statistical methods (ANOVA,t-test, regression, and cluster analysis). Despite the assumptions, a statistically significant impact of the hardness tester was found not only on the measured value but also on the character and size of ISE.
Prediction and optimization of thrust force during the drilling of AISI 2080 steel
Authors: Ozsoy Neslihan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drilling is one of the critical processes in machining. High cutting forces that occur during drilling cause energy loss and wear of tools. Therefore, optimization of drilling parameters plays a significant role. The effects of drilling parameters on thrust force on AISI 2080 steel was investigated in this study. Drilling conditions were optimized to minimize the thrust force (Fz) by the Taguchi method. Experiments were conducted using two parameters (feed rate and cutting velocity) with three levels. A mathematical model for the Fz was obtained by the response surface methodology. The effect ratio of parameters on the results was determined by the analysis of variance. Optimum cutting parameters had been 30 m.min−1 for cutting velocity and 0.05 mm.rev−1 for feed rate. In addition, the results obtained according to the regression model generated and the results estimated by the Taguchi method were compared with the actual experimental results. Considering the error rates, it is observed that both methods were usable.
Bias in Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Rejmaniak Rafał 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence systems are currently deployed in many areas of human activity. Such systems are increasingly assigned tasks that involve taking decisions about people or predicting future behaviours. These decisions are commonly regarded as fairer and more objective than those taken by humans, as AI systems are thought to be resistant to such influences as emotions or subjective beliefs. In reality, using such a system does not guarantee either objectivity or fairness. This article describes the phenomenon of bias in AI systems and the role of humans in creating it. The analysis shows that AI systems, even if operating correctly from a technical standpoint, are not guaranteed to take decisions that are more objective than those of a human, but those systems can still be used to reduce social inequalities.
Is the Traditional Method of Regulation (the Legislative Act) Sufficient to Regulate Artificial Intelligence, or Should It Also Be Regulated by an Algorithmic Code?
Authors: Szostek Dariusz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The issue of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the significant challenges faced by the EU at present. Most researchers focus on the substantive scope of AI regulation, including state law, ethical norms and soft law. In addition to the substantive and legal scope of the regulation, it is worthwhile considering the manner of such regulation.1 Since AI is an algorithmic code, it seems correct to regulate (restrict) AI not so much with traditional law established in natural (human) language as with one implemented into algorithms. They may operate as a tool supporting traditional legislation (RegTech), but it is possible to go further with the issue and create regulation algorithms which implement the law as the effective law. However, this requires a new approach to law and legislation – the law as algorithmic code.
Net Interest Margin and Capital Adequacy ratio: Mediating influence of Bank Profitability
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Kiswanto Kiswanto , Nuhaaya Ailin 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to analyze liquidity, credit risk, and operating efficiency on bank profitability as proxied by Return on Assets and analyze the role of Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as an intervening variable.Methodology: The population in this study was banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2015-2019‎. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling technique with 37 companies and 167 analysis units. The data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software as an analysis tool.Findings: The results show that liquidity and operating efficiency have a significant effect on profitability. Credit risk has a significant negative impact on profitability. On the other hand, NIM and CAR have a significant positive impact on profitability. Liquidity has a significant positive effect on NIM and CAR, credit risk has an insignificant negative impact on NIM but a significant positive on CAR, and operational efficiency has a significant negative impact on NIM. Meanwhile, NIM and CAR can only mediate liquidity to profitability. Otherwise, CAR can be mediating credit risk to profitability.Originality: NIM and CAR can be mediate the effect of liquidity on profitability, and in particular, CAR mediates market risk on profitability. Therefore, investors should pay attention to financial banking ratios to not fail in making investments.