bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of a novel two-stage linear refrigeration compressor
Authors: Shen Hao , Li Zhaohua , Liang Kun , Chen Xinwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Linear compressors have started to apply in refrigeration owing to their oil-free operation, capacity modulation by variable stroke and higher seasonal efficiency. Nevertheless, linear compressors are subject to a high seal leakage loss and piston offset (drift), particularly at high pressure ratios. Meanwhile, there is a reduction in the accuracy of resonant frequency prediction due to very nonlinear gas spring at high pressure ratios, leading to a reduction in the compressor efficiency. Two-stage operation is considered as a feasible solution to the aforementioned issues due to the lower pressure ratio for each stage. A numerical model of two-stage compression system using linear compressors is presented in this study to investigate the system performance under various operating conditions. The proposed numerical model consists of a thermodynamic sub-model, a piston dynamic sub-model and a reed valve dynamic sub-model. Experiments are also conducted based on a refrigeration system with two linear compressors connected in parallel to validate the proposed model. The mean absolute percentage errors of the predicted mass flow rate and power input are 2.47% and 8.49%, respectively. The modeling results show that the coefficient of performance is 5.5 for a two-stage compression system and 2.0 for a single-stage compression system while the condenser temperature and evaporator temperature are 50°C and −23°C, respectively. The two-stage compression system offers superior performance to the single-stage system.
Catalytic biomass gasification of sawdust: integrated experiment investigation with process modeling and analysis
Authors: Lan Weijuan , Ding Huiling , Jin Xin , Yin Dongxue , Wang Yingxian , Ji Jiangtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the investigation of the gasification from biomass using a laboratory scale fluidized bed gasifier. Main influencing factors, such as the temperature, steam flow rate and CaO to biomass mass ratio were studied. A model was developed for hydrogen-rich gas production from biomass via using ASPEN PLUS software. Sawdust was used as raw material for this study. Different operating conditions were considered and the model was verified. The results showed that the production of H2 and CO2 increased while the production of CO and CH4 decreased with increasing temperature. When the steam was used as the gasifying agent at different temperatures, the production of H2 increased significantly and its growth rate was ~48%. The increase of CaO to biomass mass ratio from 0% to 50% resulted in hydrogen content increasing from 40% to 68%. Simulation results showed that the model was suitable for biomass gasification process, which could provide some reference value for further biomass gasification experiment.
Comparative analysis between constant and variable solar radiation reflectivity for exterior walls in the hot-summer and cold-winter zone
Authors: Meng Xi , Wang Jiahui , Liu Shuhan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The thermal and optical performance in coating material of exterior walls affected the thermal action from the outdoor thermal environment indirectly, but there was the contrary thermal requirement in winter and summer, which could not be met by the constant-reflectivity coating. To overcome this drawback, the variable-reflectivity coating was analyzed and evaluated by taking three constant-reflectivity coatings as the references. The thermal transfer model with dynamic radiation reflectivity was built to simulate the thermal process of exterior walls in the whole year. Numerical results showed that the constant-reflectivity coating had poor seasonal adaptability with the best performance in some certain months and the poorest behavior in other months, while the variable-reflectivity coating had the better seasonal adaptability to dampen the heat gain in summer and promote the heat gain in winter. Although the variable-reflectivity coating could not show the optimal in all months, its overall performance played the best in the whole year. And compared with constant-reflectivity coating with radiation reflectivity of 90%, 50% and 10%, the variable-reflectivity coating could reduce the annual heating and cooling loads by 2.45%, 16.67% and 46.46%, respectively, in the studied Nanjing City of China.
Probabilistic methods for approximate archetypal analysis
Authors: Han Ruijian , Osting Braxton , Wang Dong , Xu Yiming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Archetypal analysis (AA) is an unsupervised learning method for exploratory data analysis. One major challenge that limits the applicability of AA in practice is the inherent computational complexity of the existing algorithms. In this paper, we provide a novel approximation approach to partially address this issue. Utilizing probabilistic ideas from high-dimensional geometry, we introduce two preprocessing techniques to reduce the dimension and representation cardinality of the data, respectively. We prove that provided data are approximately embedded in a low-dimensional linear subspace and the convex hull of the corresponding representations is well approximated by a polytope with a few vertices, our method can effectively reduce the scaling of AA. Moreover, the solution of the reduced problem is near-optimal in terms of prediction errors. Our approach can be combined with other acceleration techniques to further mitigate the intrinsic complexity of AA. We demonstrate the usefulness of our results by applying our method to summarize several moderately large-scale datasets.
Error analysis for full discretizations of quasilinear wave-type equations with two variants of the implicit midpoint rule
Authors: Maier Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the full discretization of a general class of first- and second-order quasilinear wave-type problems with the implicit midpoint rule and a linearized variant thereof. Based on a proof by induction, we prove wellposedness and a rigorous error estimate for both schemes, combining energy techniques, inverse estimates and a linearized fixed-point iteration for the analysis of the nonlinear scheme. To confirm the relevance of the general framework, we derive novel error estimates for the full discretization of two prominent examples from nonlinear physics: the Westervelt equation and the Maxwell equations with Kerr nonlinearity.
The Book of Torture: The Gospel of Mark, Crucifixion, and Trauma
Authors: Menéndez-Antuña Luis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiterary analysis of texts dealing with the experiences of tortured bodies faces numerous riddles. For example, the urge to be faithful to the victims’ experience hits a wall because of language’s inadequacy to express torment. Another riddle is the urgency to represent the tortured body outside the logic of torture embodied by the torturer. By incorporating some of Elaine Scarry’s insights in The Body in Pain (1988) and paying close attention to the testimonies of those who have survived torture, this article argues that the crucifixion of Jesus in Mark 15 is a case of torture that expands beyond the crucifixion itself and bleeds into other literary topics such as discipleship and the temple.
A carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak associated with a polymyxin shortage during the COVID pandemic: an in vitro and biofilm analysis of synergy between meropenem, gentamicin and sulbactam
Authors: Chaiben Viviane , Yamada Carolina Hikari , Telles João Paulo , de Andrade Ana Paula , Arend Lavinia Nery Villa Stangler , Ribeiro Victoria Stadler Tasca , Dantas Leticia Ramos , Suss Paula Hansen , Tuon Felipe Francisco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of nosocomial infections caused by MDR pathogens has caused a shortage of polymyxins. Thus, we evaluated the in vitro synergism and antibiofilm activity of antimicrobial combinations and propose a test kit for synergism against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).

Methods
Fifty-six CRAB isolates were tested for synergy between meropenem, gentamicin and ampicillin/sulbactam. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Synergism was tested using chequerboard analysis, followed by a time–kill curve. Additionally, minimum biofilm eradication concentration was determined and the antibiofilm activity of the combinations was evaluated by MTT assay and biomass reduction. A test kit was developed for routine laboratory testing to detect synergism.

Results
All CRAB isolates were resistant to gentamicin and ampicillin/sulbactam. Chequerboard synergism occurred against 75% of the isolates. Meropenem + ampicillin/sulbactam was the most frequent combination with synergism (69%), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam + gentamicin (64%) and meropenem + gentamicin (51%). All combinations presented only bacteriostatic activity and no bactericidal or antibiofilm effects. The routine laboratory test showed 100% accuracy compared with other in vitro assays.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the potential role of antibiotic combinations against planktonic bacteria. In vitro synergism is possible and can be an alternative treatment for patients with CRAB infection during a polymyxin shortage.
Oxidative stress biomarkers and free amino acid concentrations in the blood plasma of moderately exercised horses indicate adaptive response to prolonged exercise training
Authors: Ott Elizabeth C , Cavinder Clay A , Wang Shangshang , Smith Trent , Lemley Caleb O , Dinh Thu T N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by routine physical stressors may negatively impact the performance of equine athletes; thus, the present study identifies oxidative biomarkers in the blood plasma of exercising horses. Stock-type horses were subject to a standardized moderate-intensity exercise protocol 3 times per week for 8 wk. Exercise protocol followed NRC guidelines consisting of 30% walk, 55% trot, and 15% canter, with a target heart rate (HR) of 90 BPM. Blood plasma was collected in wk 1, 2, 7, and 8 immediately before and 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after exercise and analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Data were analyzed as repeated measures with wk, d, time, and their interactions as fixed effects. The TAC on day 2 (0.40 mM Trolox) was 7.5% greater than on day 3 (P = 0.013). There were wk × d × time interactions for SOD, TBARS, and GPx (P &lt; 0.001). The TBARS remained at pre-exercise baseline (d-1 wk-1; 2.7 µM malondialdehyde) for most collection times within weeks 1, 7, and 8 (P ≥ 0.058); however, TBARS increased by 0.24 to 0.41 µM on day 2 of week 2 post-exercise (P &lt; 0.001) and remained similarly elevated on day 3 pre- and immediately post-exercise (P &lt; 0.001). The GPx similarly remained at baseline (172.6 µM/min; P ≥ 0.621) but increased by 48.18 to 83.4 µM/min at most collection times on days 1 and 2 of week 2 (P ≤ 0.023). The SOD remained at baseline (167.2 U/ mL; P ≥ 0.055) until increasing by 11.28 to 15.61 U/mL at 30 min post-exercise on day 1, week 1 and at most collection times on day 3, week 8 (P ≤ 0.043). Amino acids with antioxidant properties such as Met, Tyr, and Trp drastically decreased from weeks 2 to 8 (P &lt; 0.001). Met and Tyr also decreased from −60 to 90 min (P &lt; 0.047), whereas there was no time effect on Trp concentration (P = 0.841). The current study indicates the time-dependent nature of oxidative stress concerning persistent stressors such as exercise.
Engineering Growth
Authors: Maloney William F , Valencia Caicedo Felipe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper offers the first systematic historical evidence on the role of a central actor in modern growth theory: the engineer. We construct a database on the share of engineers in the labor force during the Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1914) at the county level for the United States and the state and national levels for the Americas. These measures are robustly correlated with income today after controlling for literacy, other types of higher-order human capital (college graduates, lawyers, physicians, patenting) and demand-side factors, as well as after instrumenting engineering using the 1862 US Land Grant Colleges program. Differences in engineering density in 1880 accounted for 10% of the higher US county incomes today, while national disparities in engineering density can explain approximately a quarter of the income divergence in the Americas. To document the mechanisms through which engineering density works, we show how it is correlated with higher rates of technology adoption and structural transformation across intermediate time periods and with numerous measures of the knowledge economy today.
Development of Temporal Model for Forecasting of Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) Using Arima and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Narava Ramana , D V Sai Ram Kumar , Jaba Jagdish , P Anil Kumar , G V Ranga Rao , V Srinivasa Rao , Mishra Suraj Prashad , Kukanur Vinod 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) is a polyphagous pest of major crops grown in India. To prevent the damage caused by H. armigera farmers rely heavily on insecticides of diverse groups on a regular basis which is not a benign practice, environmentally and economically. To provide more efficient and accurate information on timely application of insecticides, this research was aimed to develop a forecast model to predict population dynamics of pod borer using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The data used in this study were collected from the randomly installed sex pheromone traps at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad. Several ARIMA (p, d, q) (P, D, Q) and ANN models were developed using the historical trap catch data. ARIMA model (1,0,1), (1,0,2) with minimal BIC, RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and MASE values and higher R2 value (0.53) was selected as the best ARIMA fit model, and neural network (7-30-1) was found to be the best fit to predict the catches of male moths of pod borer from September 2021 to August 2023. A comparative analysis performed between the ARIMA and ANN, shows that the ANN based on feed forward neural networks is best suited for effective pest prediction. With the developed ARIMA model, it would be easier to predict H. armigera adult population dynamics round the year and timely intervention of control measures can be followed by appropriate decision-making schedule for insecticide application.
Hemi-root replacement with diagonal resection of the aortic root preserving the ostium of the left coronary artery and sacrificing the right coronary artery for an infected pseudoaneurysm: a case report
Authors: Isa Hideki , Shirasaka Tomonori , Kunioka Shingo , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Either the Bentall-De Bono operation or the valve-sparing aortic root replacement is commonly chosen for aortic root management. However, if the preoperative condition is poor, a simpler technique is preferred; therefore, we performed hemi-root replacement with diagonal resection of the aortic root preserving the left coronary sinus of Valsalva. Because reimplantation of the left coronary artery is not required, this technique may shorten operative time and reduce coronary malperfusion, a condition characterized by reduced transit flow time and reduced cardiac contractility.
Novel case of a granular cell tumour mimicking breast malignancy and a metachronous axillary skin lesion
Authors: Fink Teagan , Deb Siddhartha , Clouston David , Thornton Chantel , Chakrabarti Anannya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 51-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic screen-detected lesion of the right breast. The core biopsy showed a granular cell tumour (GCT). Twelve months later the woman presented with an incidental finding of a skin lesion in the left axillary fold during her annual breast surveillance review. Histopathology confirmed a second metachronous GCT. GCTs are an uncommon benign tumour of Schwann cell origin that can infrequently be multifocal. Due to the non-specific clinical presentation and radiological features, the gold standard of diagnosis relies on histologic assessment. We describe a novel case of metachronous GCT within the breast tissue mimicking a breast malignancy as a mammography screen-detected lesion, followed by a second GCT mimicking a scar lesion on the contralateral axillary fold.
Observed cosmic evolution of galaxy dust properties with metallicity and tensions with models
Authors: Popping Gergö , Péroux Céline 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The dust abundance of the interstellar medium plays an important role in galaxy physics, the chemical evolution of matter, and the absorption and re-emission of stellar light. The last years have seen a surge in observational and theoretical studies constraining the dust-abundance of galaxies up to z ∼ 5. In this work, we gather the latest observational measurements (with a focus on absorption studies covering metallicities in the range 6.8 &lt; 12 + log (O/H) &lt; 9) and theoretical predictions (from six different galaxy formation models) for the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratio of galaxies. The observed trend between DTG and DTM and gas-phase metallicity can be described by a linear relation and shows no evolution from 0 &lt; z &lt; 5. Importantly, the fit to the DTG-metallicity relation provides a refined tool for robust dust-based gas mass estimates inferred from millimeter dust-continuum observations. The lack of evolution in the observed relations are indicative of a quickly reached balance (already when the Universe was 1.2-Gyr old) between the formation and destruction of dust and a constant time-scale for star formation at fixed metallicities over cosmic time. None of the models is able to reproduce the observed trends over the entire range in metallicity and redshift probed. The comparison between models and simulations furthermore rules out some of the current implementations for the growth and destruction of dust in galaxy formation models and places tight constraints on the predicted time-scale for star formation.
Flute and kink instabilities in a dynamically twisted flux tube with anisotropic plasma viscosity
Authors: Quinn James J , Simitev Radostin D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Magnetic flux tubes such as those in the solar corona are subject to a number of instabilities. Important among them is the kink instability that plays a central part in the nanoflare theory of coronal heating, and for this reason in numerical simulations, it is usually induced by tightly controlled perturbations and studied in isolation. In contrast, we find that fluting modes of instability are readily excited when disturbances are introduced in our magnetohydrodynamic flux tube simulations by dynamic twisting of the flow at the boundaries. We also find that the flute instability, which has been theorized but rarely observed in the coronal context, is strongly enhanced when plasma viscosity is assumed anisotropic. We proceed to investigate the co-existence and competition between flute and kink instabilities for a range of values of the resistivity and of the parameters of the anisotropic and isotropic models of viscosity. We conclude that while the flute instability cannot prevent the kink from ultimately dominating, it can significantly delay its development especially at strong viscous anisotropy induced by intense magnetic fields.
Boundary layers of accretion discs: wave-driven transport and disc evolution
Authors: Coleman Matthew S B , Rafikov Roman R , Philippov Alexander A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Astrophysical objects possessing a material surface (white dwarfs, young stars, etc.) may accrete gas from the disc through the so-called surface boundary layer (BL), in which the angular velocity of the accreting gas experiences a sharp drop. Acoustic waves excited by the supersonic shear in the BL play an important role in mediating the angular momentum and mass transport through that region. Here we examine the characteristics of the angular momentum transport produced by the different types of wave modes emerging in the inner disc, using the results of a large suite of hydrodynamic simulations of the BLs. We provide a comparative analysis of the transport properties of different modes across the range of relevant disc parameters. In particular, we identify the types of modes that are responsible for the mass accretion on to the central object. We find the correlated perturbations of surface density and radial velocity to provide an important contribution to the mass accretion rate. Although the wave-driven transport is intrinsically non-local, we do observe a clear correlation between the angular momentum flux injected into the disc by the waves and the mass accretion rate through the BL. We find the efficiency of angular momentum transport (normalized by thermal pressure) to be a weak function of the flow Mach number. We also quantify the wave-driven evolution of the inner disc, in particular the modification of the angular frequency profile in the disc. Our results pave the way for understanding wave-mediated transport in future three-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic studies of the BLs.
21 new long-term variables in the GX 339−4 field: two years of MeerKAT monitoring
Authors: Driessen L N , Stappers B W , Tremou E , Fender R P , Woudt P A , Armstrong R , Bloemen S , Groot P , Heywood I , Horesh A , van der Horst A J , Koerding E , McBride V A , Miller-Jones J C A , Mooley K P , Rowlinson A , Wijers R A M J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present 21 new long-term variable radio sources found commensally in 2 yr of weekly MeerKAT monitoring of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 339−4. The new sources are vary on time-scales of weeks to months and have a variety of light-curve shapes and spectral index properties. Three of the new variable sources are coincident with multiwavelength counterparts; and one of these is coincident with an optical source in deep MeerLICHT images. For most sources, we cannot eliminate refractive scintillation of active galactic nuclei as the cause of the variability. These new variable sources represent 2.2 ± 0.5 per cent of the unresolved sources in the field, which is consistent with the 1–2 per cent variability found in past radio variability surveys. However, we expect to find short-term variable sources in the field and these 21 new long-term variable sources. We present the radio light curves and spectral index variability of the new variable sources, as well as the absolute astrometry and matches to coincident sources at other wavelengths.
Is magnetically dominated outflow required to explain GRBs?
Authors: Vereshchagin Gregory , Li Liang , Bégué Damien 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe composition of relativistic outflows producing gamma-ray bursts is a long-standing open question. One of the main arguments in favour of magnetically dominated outflows is the absence of photospheric component in their broad-band time-resolved spectra, with such notable example as GRB 080916C. Here, we perform a time-resolved analysis of this burst and confirm the previous detection of an additional spectral component. We show that this subdominant component is consistent with the photosphere of ultrarelativistic baryonic outflow, deep in the coasting regime. We argue that, contrary to previous statements, the magnetic dominance of the outflow is not required for the interpretation of this GRB. Moreover, simultaneous detection of high-energy emission in its prompt phase requires departure from a one-zone emission model.