bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear damping in micromachined bridge resonators
Authors: Farokhi Hamed , Rocha Rodrigo T. , Hajjaj Amal Z. , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study presents a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation on the nonlinear damping of in-plane micromachined electromechanical resonators. More specifically, experiments are conducted on an electrically actuated bridge resonator, and the primary resonance response of the system is obtained at various AC and DC voltages. A nonlinear theoretical model is developed using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory while accounting for the geometric, electrostatic (including fringing field effect), and damping nonlinearities. Two damping models are considered in the theoretical model: the Kelvin–Voigt model, which for this system is a nonlinear damping model due to the presence of geometric nonlinearities. The second damping model consists of linear, quadratic, and cubic damping terms. A high-dimensional discretisation is performed, and the nonlinear dynamics of the resonator are examined in detail in the primary resonance regime by constructing the frequency response diagrams at various AC and DC voltages. Thorough comparisons are conducted between the experimental data and the theoretical results for different damping conditions. It is shown that the microresonator displays strong nonlinear damping. Detailed calibration procedures for the nonlinear damping models are proposed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each nonlinear damping model are discussed.
A Composite Indicator to Compare the Performance of Male and Female Students in Educational Systems
Authors: Segovia-González M. M. , Contreras I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComposite indicators have proved to be a suitable tool for the evaluation of complex phenomena, by enabling a large amount of information to be concentrated in a unique value. In this paper, a methodology based on geometric aggregation and free-selection of weights is proposed for the evaluation of the educational systems of OECD countries. In an effort to carry out a global evaluation, not only is a group of indicators considered to measure the academic outcomes, but also a group of indicators that measure the social dimension of the educational system and the self-perceptions of the students regarding their academic stage. The features of the proposed methodology enable the results for male and female students to be compared separately, since not only identify the contribution of each aspect to the global indicator, but also ascertain the sources of the differences between the values obtained for the male and female subgroups.
Trends in Income Inequality: Evidence from Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Makhlouf Yousef 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe use a novel approach to answer questions like: is there a secular trend and shift in inequality across developing and/or developed countries? Do the developing countries converge the inequality level of developed countries? Unlike some recent studies that rely on casual observation of the time series, we conduct recent econometric techniques that allow us to check if there are statistically significant trends and whether these trends are deterministic or stochastic. We also test the inequality gap between developed countries and different developing country groups using convergence test. Using data of 34 countries over the 1960–2020 period, we find that inequality has been either increasing or stable in developed countries; in developing countries, both improvements and deterioration in inequality are observable. We show also that few developing countries reduce the inequality gap with developed countries. These heterogeneous trends suggest that the inequality in the last half-century is driven by national rather than global contexts. Our analysis of the Official Development Assistance and inequality nexus supports this inference.
Existentialism, existentialists, and Marxism: From critique to integration within the philosophical establishment in Socialist Romania
Authors: Hîncu Adela , Baghiu Ştefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss how existentialism was criticized, disseminated, and gradually autochthonized in the main philosophical journals of Socialist Romania. We show that the early critique of existentialism was both a statement against contemporary bourgeois philosophy in general and a condemnation of the local philosophical production of the interwar period. In the 1950s, this kind of critique was attuned to the growing fame of several Romanian authors who had emigrated to the West (e.g., Emil Cioran, Mircea Eliade) and targeted both past and contemporary irrationalism. Following a period of critique of existentialism without existentialists (i.e., without reference to individual authors), the 1960s discussions of existentialism were mainly driven by interest in a small number of existentialist authors. In particular, the evolution of Jean-Paul Sartre’s work and politics was analyzed as it straddled existentialism and Marxism. The 1970s saw the integration of selected existentialist concepts and themes, in an attempt to offer a Marxist alternative to existentialism in the form of philosophical anthropology. This led to a period of engagement with existentialists without existentialism across an increasing number of separate disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. In the 1980s, following the failure of Marxist philosophical anthropology and at the height of national communism, existentialism could also be autochthonized through the recovery of selected philosophers from the interwar period whose work had been previously criticized as irrationalist.
The Psyche Gravity Investigation
Authors: Zuber Maria T. , Park Ryan S. , Elkins-Tanton Linda T. , Bell J. F. , Bruvold Kristoffer N. , Bercovici David , Bills Bruce G. , Binzel Richard P. , Jaumann R. , Marchi Simone , Raymond Carol A. , Roatsch T. , Wang Charles C. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Wenkert Daniel , Wieczorek Mark A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of the NASA Psyche mission gravity science investigation is to map the mass distribution within asteroid (16) Psyche to elucidate interior structure and to resolve the question of whether this metal-rich asteroid represents a remnant metal core or whether it is a primordial body that never melted. Measurements of gravity will be obtained via the X-band telecommunication system on the Psyche spacecraft, collected from progressively lower mapping altitudes. Orbital gravity will allow an estimate of$GM$GMto better than 0.001 km3 s−2. A spherical harmonic model of gravity to degree and order 10 will be achievable and, in concert with spherical harmonic data sets from topography and magnetometry, as well as surface composition data, will provide information regarding the spatial and radial distribution of mass that will be used to constrain the origin and evolution of (16) Psyche.
Alternative antiviral approaches to combat influenza A virus
Authors: Wong Ka Heng , Lal Sunil K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfluenza A (IAV) is a major human respiratory pathogen that contributes to a significant threat to health security, worldwide. Despite vaccinations and previous immunisations through infections, humans can still be infected with influenza several times throughout their lives. This phenomenon is attributed to the antigenic changes of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins in IAV via genetic mutation and reassortment, conferring antigenic drift and antigenic shift, respectively. Numerous findings indicate that slow antigenic drift and reassortment-derived antigenic shift exhibited by IAV are key processes that allow IAVs to overcome the previously acquired host immunity, which eventually leads to the annual re-emergence of seasonal influenza and even pandemic influenza, in rare occasions. As a result, current therapeutic options hit a brick wall quickly. As IAV remains a constant threat for new outbreaks worldwide, the underlying processes of genetic changes and alternative antiviral approaches for IAV should be further explored to improve disease management. In the light of the above, this review discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of mutations and reassortments that contribute to IAV’s evolution. We also discuss several alternative RNA-targeting antiviral approaches, namely the CRISPR/Cas13 systems, RNA interference (RNAi), and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) as potential antiviral approaches against IAV.
„S.P.A.S.S.“ – eine „Systemic Personal Assistance Service Solution“ zur Unterstützung von Mitarbeiter:innen zwischen sozialer Einsamkeit und Überforderung
Authors: Schiermayr Franz , Sweet Charlotte 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDas beschriebene Projekt fokussiert Auslassungen der Digitalisierung insbesondere dort, wo Mitarbeitende vorwiegend im Homeoffice arbeiten. Es wurden die bereits bekannten Belastungsfaktoren bei der Nutzung digitaler Medien in einer qualitativen Erhebung bestätigt und um individuelle sowie Covid-19 bedingte Aspekte erweitert. Um den Einschränkungen durch die digitale Systematik konstruktiv entgegenzuwirken, wurde ein flexibel anwendbarer S.P.A.S.S. (Systemic Personal Assistance Service Solution) Workshop als Tool entwickelt. Dieses Coaching-Tool fördert betriebliche Kommunikation sowie die Selbstorganisation und Reflexion der Mitarbeitenden zur konstruktiven Gestaltung von Arbeit.
Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects
Authors: Liang Sai , Zhong Qiumeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapid socioeconomic development has caused numerous environmental impacts. Human production and consumption activities are the underlying drivers of resource uses, environmental emissions, and associated environmental impacts (e.g., ecosystem quality and human health). Reducing environmental impacts requires an understanding of the complex interactions between socioeconomic system and environmental system. Existing studies have explored the relationships among human society, economic system, and environmental system. However, it is unclear about the research progress in the effects of socioeconomic activities on environmental impacts and the potential directions of future research. This critical review finds that existing studies have identified critical regions, sectors, and transmission pathways for resource uses, environmental emissions, and environmental impacts from supply chain perspectives. Moreover, scholars have characterized the impacts of socioeconomic transitions on resource uses and environmental emissions. However, existing studies overlook the dynamic nature of the interconnections among human society, economic system, and environmental system. In addition, the effects of socioeconomic structural transitions on environmental impacts remain unknown. This review proposes four prospects and possible solutions that will contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions among human society, economic system, and environmental system. They can help identify more effective solutions to reduce environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions.
Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program
Authors: Riggs Patricia K. , Chaillon Antoine , Jiang Guochun , Letendre Scott L. , Tang Yuyang , Taylor Jeff , Kaytes Andrew , Smith Davey M. , Dubé Karine , Gianella Sara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Deep tissue HIV reservoirs, especially within the central nervous system (CNS), are understudied due to the challenges of sampling brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. Understanding the cellular characteristics and viral dynamics in CNS reservoirs is critical so that HIV cure trials can address them and monitor the direct and indirect effects of interventions. The Last Gift program was developed to address these needs by enrolling altruistic people with HIV (PWH) at the end of life who agree to rapid research autopsy.

Recent Findings
Recent findings from the Last Gift emphasize significant heterogeneity across CNS reservoirs, CNS compartmentalization including differential sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, and bidirectional migration of HIV across the blood–brain barrier. Our findings add support for the potential of CNS reservoirs to be a source of rebounding viruses and reseeding of systemic sites if they are not targeted by cure strategies.

Summary
This review highlights important scientific, practical, and ethical lessons learned from the Last Gift program in the context of recent advances in understanding the CNS reservoirs and key knowledge gaps in current research.
Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Rostral Zona Incerta Modulate Innate Fear-Induced Defensive Response in Mice
Authors: Lin Shan , Zhu Meng-Yue , Tang Meng-Yu , Wang Mi , Yu Xiao-Dan , Zhu Yi , Xie Shi-Ze , Yang Dan , Chen Jiadong , Li Xiao-Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDefensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus. Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus. Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia. In addition, we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens (Re) mediated fear-like defensive behavior. Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI (SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway). Together, our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.
“Unchain My Heart.” A Defense Industrial Policy Agenda for Germany’s Zeitenwende
Authors: Borchert Heiko , Schütz Torben , Verbovszky Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA Zeitenwende that delivers one of Europe’s most powerful armed forces needs to correct the (non-existent) position of defense industrial issues within German political discourse. This paper therefore develops a defense industrial policy agenda based on four lines of effort: Make daringness Germany’s prime ambition; establish Germany as a defense industrial framework nation; promote German defense industrial diplomacy with foreign partners; solidify a true public-private defense partnership between the German government and the defense industrial base.
Minimum Power Adversarial Attacks in Communication Signal Modulation Classification with Deep Learning
Authors: Ke Da , Wang Xiang , Huang Kaizhu , Wang Haoyuan , Huang Zhitao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Integrating cognitive radio (CR) technique with wireless networks is an effective way to solve the increasingly crowded spectrum. Automatic modulation classification (AMC) plays an important role in CR. AMC significantly improves the intelligence of CR system by classifying the modulation type and signal parameters of received communication signals. AMC can provide more information for decision making of the CR system. In addition, AMC can help the CR system dynamically adjust the modulation type and coding rate of the communication signal to adapt to different channel qualities, and the AMC technique help eliminate the cost of broadcast modulation type and coding rate. Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as one most popular method in AMC of communication signals. Despite their success, DL models have recently been shown vulnerable to adversarial attacks in pattern recognition and computer vision. Namely, they can be easily deceived if a small and carefully designed perturbation called an adversarial attack is imposed on the input, typically an image in pattern recognition. Owing to the very different nature of communication signals, it is interesting yet crucially important to study if adversarial perturbation could also fool AMC. In this paper, we make a first attempt to investigate how we can design a special adversarial attack on AMC. we start from the assumption of a linear binary classifier which is further extended to multi-way classifier. We consider the minimum power consumption that is different from existing adversarial perturbation but more reasonable in the context of AMC. We then develop a novel adversarial perturbation generation method that leads to high attack success to communication signals. Experimental results on real data show that the method is able to successfully spoof the 11-class modulation classification at a model with a minimum cost of about − 21 dB in automatic modulation classification task. The visualization results demonstrate that the adversarial perturbation manifests in the time domain as imperceptible undulations of the signal, and in the frequency domain as small noise outside the signal band.
Transformer-based models for multimodal irony detection
Authors: Tomás David , Ortega-Bueno Reynier , Zhang Guobiao , Rosso Paolo , Schifanella Rossano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIrony is nowadays a pervasive phenomenon in social networks. The multimodal functionalities of these platforms (i.e., the possibility to attach audio, video, and images to textual information) are increasingly leading their users to employ combinations of information in different formats to express their ironic thoughts. The present work focuses on the study of irony detection in social media posts involving image and text. To this end, a transformer architecture for the fusion of textual and image information is proposed. The model leverages disentangled text attention with visual transformers, improving F1-score up to 9% over previous existing works in the field and current state-of-the-art visio-linguistic transformers. The proposed architecture was evaluated in three different multimodal datasets gathered from Twitter and Tumblr. The results revealed that, in many situations, the text-only version of the architecture was able to capture the ironic nature of the message without using visual information. This phenomenon was further analysed, leading to the identification of linguistic patterns that could provide the context necessary for irony detection without the need for additional visual information.
Implementation Reporting Recommendations for School-Based Mindfulness Programs
Authors: Baelen Rebecca N. , Gould Laura F. , Felver Joshua C. , Schussler Deborah L. , Greenberg Mark T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Research on school-based mindfulness programs (SBMPs) indicates promising, albeit mixed, effects. However, there has been a lack of consistency and completeness in implementation reporting, frustrating efforts to draw causal inferences about the implementation elements that influence program outcomes. To address these issues, we crafted a conceptual framework with an accompanying set of key terms for SBMP implementation elements to guide the development of flexible and practical implementation reporting recommendations for studies of SBMPs.

Methods
To develop the framework and recommendations, we drew insights from the implementation science and school-based prevention literature, explored reporting standards across behavioral science fields, and examined reviews and studies of SBMPs that had an implementation focus.

Results
The SBMP Implementation Framework (SBMP-IF) is organized by four broad categories (i.e., the program, participants, context, and implementation), which inform the reporting recommendations. The recommendations nudge researchers toward more complete and consistent reporting of school contextual factors, participant characteristics and responsiveness, and teacher training/competence. They also encourage researchers to explicitly identify and incorporate into their theories of change and measurement strategies the Hypothesized and/or Validated Core Components of the program, as well as the key elements of the Implementation Support System. Finally, the recommendations urge researchers to define and operationalize mindfulness in their theories of change and consider child development when implementing and studying SBMPs.

Conclusions
The recommendations offered are novel for the field of SBMPs and represent a bold effort to strengthen the evidence base and help discern for whom SBMPs work best and under which conditions.
Heterogeneous vascular response after implantation of bare nitinol self-expanding stents in the swine femoropopliteal artery
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Miki Kojiro , Ikutomi Masayasu , Okada Kozo , Ogata Soshiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Honda Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Mechanism of femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis has been underappreciated.

Aim
The aim of this animal study was to elucidate vascular response after femoropopliteal bare nitinol self-expanding stents (SESs) implantation.

Methods
Misago, Smart Flex, or Innova stent was randomly implanted in 36 swine femoropopliteal arteries. At week 4, quantitative vessel analysis (QVA) was performed on 36 legs, of which 18 underwent histological evaluation after angiography. The remaining 18 legs underwent QVA and histological evaluation at week 13.

Results
Fibrin deposition was excessive at week 4. Internal elastic lamina (IEL) progressively enlarged over time, and vessel injury developed from mild level at week 4 to moderate level at week 13. Vessel inflammatory reaction was mild to moderate at week 4, and was moderate to severe at week 13. Increased fibrin deposition was an early-acting, IEL enlargement and increased vessel inflammation were long-acting, and increased vessel injury and giant cells infiltration were late-acting contributors to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Stent type altered time-dependent process of vessel injury, vessel inflammation, eosinophils and giant cells infiltration. Misago had less fibrin deposition and vessel enlargement, and less progressive vessel injury, vessel inflammation, and eosinophils and giant cells infiltration. Net lumen as assessed by percent diameter stenosis or minimum lumen diameter was preserved with Misago, but was not preserved with the other stents.

Conclusions
In the context of bare nitinol SES platform with less progressive mechanical stress and inflammatory reaction, the advantage of less NIH outweighed the disadvantage of less vessel enlargement, leading to net lumen preservation.