bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and morphological characterization of recycled HD-PE bio-composites based on alfa fibers and natural pozzolan
Authors: Achour Bouchra , Ziadi Abdelkader , Belarbi Lahcen , Mokaddem Allel , Lousdad Abdelkader 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research work, waste plastic bottle caps made of high-density polyethylene (HD-PE) were reincorporated as a matrix and reinforced by alfa short fibers and natural pozzolan particles. Using different weight percentages of both fillers of 5 wt% up to 30 wt%, three types of bio-composite materials have been produced; alfa short fibers/HDPE, pozzolan particles/HDPE, and alfa fibers pozzolan/HDPE. Specimens for each type of the biocomposites were prepared through the compression molding method. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different content of alfa short fibers and pozzolan particles on the mechanical and morphological properties of the recycled HDPE matrix. Tensile test results revealed an enhancement in the mechanical properties for the three types of the biocomposites, an increase in tensile strength reached the maximum of 3573 MPa plus an interesting improvement in Young’s modulus with a maximum value of 3696 MPa. The toughness of the neat recycled HD-PE decreased by 212% by adding the natural filler whereas the modulus of resilience exhibited an increase of 138% compared to the neat recycled HD-PE. Therefore, the good rheological behavior of these bio-composites makes it possible to produce competitive materials and allows the reduction of plastic waste in the environment.
Characterizing CaCO3 particle dispersion in blown film
Authors: Radebe Lucky , Wesley-Smith James , Focke Walter Wilhelm , Ramjee Shatish 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A novel method for the visualization and quantification of the state of dispersion of calcium carbonate particles in thin blown polymer films is described. Particle imaging was achieved by elemental mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy. This generated outlines of particles and agglomerates located close to the film surface. ImageJ software facilitated the extraction of the corresponding Feret diameters. Finally, the Bootstrap technique was used to estimate confidence intervals for the kurtosis of the Feret particle size distribution. Kurtosis is a statistic that describes the shape of a distribution’s tails in relation to its overall shape. It therefore provides a measure that characterizes the degree of particle agglomeration. The proposed procedure was applied to analyze high-density polyethylene films prepared using different calcium carbonate masterbatches in which formulation parameters were varied.
Road Use Contributions to Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Two Flexible Pavement Maintenance Strategies
Authors: Poor Noreen , Braham Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions based on a 10-km 4-lane flexible pavement road were calculated for two maintenance strategies: conventional mill and fill treatments for strategy I and preventative treatments and a cold in-place recycling treatment for strategy II. Comparative calculations featured the road maintenance and use stages of a simplified life cycle assessment. The maintenance stage included the material production, mix manufacturing, and material transport that support road maintenance activities. Energy consumption and GHG emissions for maintenance activities were ∼33 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼1.6 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy I, respectively, and ∼22 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼1.4 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy II. Also calculated were the excess energy consumption and excess GHG emissions by vehicles because of road roughness, characterized by the international roughness index. These results were ∼710 GJ/lane/km/yr and 50 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy I, respectively, and ∼300 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼21 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy II. Preventative road maintenance and in-place pavement recycling have the potential for environmental and economic benefits to both road builders and road users.
Monitoring and Simulating the Responses of Four Flexible Pavement Test Sections under Heavy Vehicle Loading
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur , Erlingsson Sigurdur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For mechanistic-empirical design of pavements, it is essential to accurately predict the responses of the structure that are caused by the design traffic loading. The aim of this study was to compare the simulated responses of pavements with real measurements under heavy vehicle loading. With this objective, four instrumented test sections were built in northern Sweden—about 100 km north of the Arctic Circle. These test sections differed in material quality of the various layers. Each test section was instrumented with pressure cells and strain sensors that measured the pavement response to external loading. Climatic variables were monitored through a weather station as well as temperature and moisture sensors installed in the road structures. Response measurements were carried out using 25-m-long 10-axle vehicles with gross weight of 90 tons. For the simulations of the responses of these test structures under the same vehicular loading, a multilayer elastic theory–based program called ERAPave was used. The required material properties for the simulations were based on laboratory testing of core-drilled samples from the sites. For the simulations, three combinations of material characterizations were considered: (a) linear elastic (LE) all layers, (b) nonlinear (NL) unbound layers, and (c) viscoelastic (VE) asphalt layers. Acceptable agreement between the simulations and measured responses were observed. Generally, the responses calculated based on LE and NL analyses were indistinguishable, whereas the VE analyses showed somewhat lower amplitude peaks.
Neural Correlates of Sensory Eye Dominance in Human Visual White Matter Tracts
Authors: Chan Ailene Y. C. , Chang Dorita H. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA significant proportion of the human neurotypical population exhibits some degree of sensory eye dominance (SED), referring to the brain’s preferential processing of one eye’s input versus another. The neural substrates underlying this functional imbalance are not well known. Here, we investigated the relationship between visual white matter tract properties and SED in the human neurotypical population. Observers’ performance on two commonly used dichoptic tasks were used to index SED, along with performance on a third task to address a functional implication of binocular imbalance: stereovision. We show that diffusivity metrics of the optic radiations (ORs) well predict behavioral SED metrics. We found no relationship between SED and stereosensitivity. Our data suggest that SED is not simply reflected by gray matter structural and functional alterations, as often suggested, but relates, at least in part to the microstructural properties of thalamocortical white matter.
Action Observation Network Activity Related to Object-Directed and Socially-Directed Actions in Adolescents
Authors: Lesourd Mathieu , Afyouni Alia , Geringswald Franziska , Cignetti Fabien , Raoul Lisa , Sein Julien , Nazarian Bruno , Anton Jean-Luc , Grosbras Marie-Hélène 
Published: November 2022

The human action observation network (AON) encompasses brain areas consistently engaged when we observe other's actions. Although the core nodes of the AON are present from childhood, it is not known to what extent they are sensitive to different action features during development. Because social cognitive abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the AON response to socially-oriented actions, but not to object-related actions, may differ in adolescents and adults. To test this hypothesis, we scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) male and female typically-developing teenagers (n= 28; 13 females) and adults (n= 25; 14 females) while they passively watched videos of manual actions varying along two dimensions: sociality (i.e., directed toward another person or not) and transitivity (i.e., involving an object or not). We found that action observation recruited the same fronto-parietal and occipito-temporal regions in adults and adolescents. The modulation of voxel-wise activity according to the social or transitive nature of the action was similar in both groups of participants. Multivariate pattern analysis, however, revealed that decoding accuracies in intraparietal sulcus (IPS)/superior parietal lobe (SPL) for both sociality and transitivity were lower for adolescents compared with adults. In addition, in the lateral occipital temporal cortex (LOTC), generalization of decoding across the orthogonal dimension was lower for sociality only in adolescents. These findings indicate that the representation of the content of others' actions, and in particular their social dimension, in the adolescent AON is still not as robust as in adults.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe activity of the action observation network (AON) in the human brain is modulated according to the purpose of the observed action, in particular the extent to which it involves interaction with an object or with another person. How this conceptual representation of actions is implemented during development is largely unknown. Here, using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we discovered that, while the action observation network is in place in adolescence, the fine-grain organization of its posterior regions is less robust than in adults to decode the abstract social dimensions of an action. This finding highlights the late maturation of social processing in the human brain.
Sex differences and risk factors for bleeding in Alagille syndrome
Authors: Hankeova Simona , Van Hul Noemi , Laznovsky Jakub , Verboven Elisabeth , Mangold Katrin , Hensens Naomi , Adori Csaba , Verhoef Elvira , Zikmund Tomas , Dawit Feven , Kavkova Michaela , Salplachta Jakub , Sjöqvist Marika , Johansson Bengt R , Hassan Mohamed G , Fredriksson Linda , Baumgärtel Karsten , Bryja Vitezslav , Lendahl Urban , Jheon Andrew , Alten Florian , Fahnehjelm Kristina Teär , Fischler Björn , Kaiser Jozef , Andersson Emma R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpontaneous bleeds are a leading cause of death in the pediatric JAG1‐related liver disease Alagille syndrome (ALGS). We asked whether there are sex differences in bleeding events in patients, whether Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice display bleeds or vascular defects, and whether discovered vascular pathology can be confirmed in patients non‐invasively. We performed a systematic review of patients with ALGS and vascular events following PRISMA guidelines, in the context of patient sex, and found significantly more girls than boys reported with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. We investigated vascular development, homeostasis, and bleeding in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, using retina as a model. Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice displayed sporadic brain bleeds, a thin skull, tortuous blood vessels, sparse arterial smooth muscle cell coverage in multiple organs, which could be aggravated by hypertension, and sex‐specific venous defects. Importantly, we demonstrated that retinographs from patients display similar characteristics with significantly increased vascular tortuosity. In conclusion, there are clinically important sex differences in vascular disease in ALGS, and retinography allows non‐invasive vascular analysis in patients. Finally, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice represent a new model for vascular compromise in ALGS.
Pelatihan Digitalisasi Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis STEM pada MGMP Guru IPA Kota Semarang
Authors: Widiyatmoko Arif , Taufiq Muhamad , Dewi Novi Ratna , Darmawan Melissa Salma , Lissaadah Luthfiyatul , Saputra Aji 
Published: November 2022

Abstrak. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan tentang digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM kepada MGMP guru IPA Kota Semarang, Indonesia. Pelatihan dilakukan melalui penyampaian materi-materi serta praktik dan implementasi nyata oleh para guru terkait digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pemaparan materi oleh pengabdi, diskusi berupa tanya jawab, pendampingan pelatihan, mendemonstrasikan dan praktik secara langsung digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yaitu dapat meningkatkan pemahaman digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM dan respons peserta terhadap pelatihan adalah positif. Rata-rata pretest pemahaman digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM peserta sebelum adanya pelatihan adalah 61,04%, sedangkan setelah pelatihan meningkat menjadi 90,73%. Peserta memiliki respons positif terhadap aspek kelayakan materi maupun aspek penyajian pelatihan dengan skor rata-rata persentase sebesar 93,33%. Simpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah kegiatan telah berlangsung dengan baik dan meningkatkan pemahaman guru tentang digitalisasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis STEM.
Abstract. The purpose of this community service is to provide training on the digitization of STEM-based science learning to science teachers group in Semarang, Indonesia. The training is carried out through the delivery of materials as well as real practice and implementation by teachers related to the digitization of STEM-based science learning. The method used in this community service is the presentation of material by the community service members, discussions in the form of questions and answers, training assistance, demonstrations and practice of digitizing STEM-based science learning. The results of this community service were able to increase understanding of the digitization of STEM-based science learning and the participant's response to the training was positive. The average pretest understanding of STEM-based science learning digitization of participants before the training was 61.04%, while after the training it increased to 90.73%. Participants had a positive response to the aspects of material feasibility and aspects of training presentation with an average percentage score of 93.33%. The conclusion of this study is the activity has been going well and has increased teachers' understanding of the digitalization of STEM-based science learning.
Hubungan Eating Disorder dan Tingkat Pengetahuan Diet dengan Status Gizi Remaja Putri
Authors: Fitriana Kharisma 
Published: November 2022

Remaja putri umumnya menginginkan bentuk tubuh yang tinggi dan langsing. Eating disorder biasanya dialami oleh remaja putri yang akhirnya mempengaruhi status gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan eating disorder dan tingkat pengetahuan diet dengan status gizi remaja putri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang ditetapkan sebesar 259 dipilih dengan teknik proportional stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, timbangan digital, dan microtoise. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara variabel eating disorder (p=0,015), dan variabel tingkat pengetahuan diet (p=0,004) dengan status gizi remaja putri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan eating disorder dengan status gizi remaja putri. Ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan diet dengan status gizi remaja putri.

Kata Kunci: Eating Disorder, Pengetahuan Diet, Remaja, Status Gizi
Investigating the Effects of Venlafaxine on Oxidative Stress and Exploring its Relationship to Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Alhafi Ladees , Gauvreau Nicole L. , Craig Paul M. 
Published: November 2022

The rise in presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent has had behavioural effects on fish, which this study aimed to investigate.⁴ The pharmaceutical studied was venlafaxine (VEN), a commonly prescribed antidepressant.⁴ Previous studies have shown that venlafaxine contributes to oxidative stress.³ Notably, oxidative stress has been linked to neurodegeneration and plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s in humans.¹
This study applied a novel approach through in vitro methods to directly expose zebrafish brains to varying VEN concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/L) and quantify oxidative stress. Zebrafish brains were used due to their neuroanatomical similarity to humans.¹⁴ Results demonstrated decreases in cell viability, and increases in antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) with rising concentrations of VEN.
These findings demonstrate increases in oxidative stress, which was indirectly measured by antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as the effects of VEN on cell viability and protein amounts in the brain cells. These results indicate a possible link between venlafaxine exposure and increased risk of neurodegeneration in humans. Further investigation should be done to examine the association between venlafaxine concentrations in water and increased incidence of neurodegenerative disease in mammalian brains.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Sepsis Presenting in Inpatient Pediatric Settings
Authors: Schafer Melissa , Gruhler De Souza Heidi , Paul Raina , Riggs Ruth , Richardson Troy , Conlon Patricia , Duffy Susan , Foster Lauren Z. , Gunderson Julie , Hall David , Hatcher Laura , Hess Lauren M. , Kirkpatrick Lauren , Kunar Jillian , Lockwood Justin , Lowerre Tracy , McFadden Vanessa , Raghavan Anita , Rizzi Jennifer , Stephen Rebecca , Stokes Stacey , Workman Jennifer K. , Kandil Sarah B. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
The pediatric sepsis literature lacks studies examining the inpatient setting, yet sepsis remains a leading cause of death in children’s hospitals. More information is needed about sepsis arising in patients already hospitalized to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. This study describes the clinical characteristics, process measures, and outcomes of inpatient sepsis cases compared with emergency department (ED) sepsis cases within the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes data registry from 46 hospitals that care for children.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes sepsis cases from January 2017 to December 2019 with onset in inpatient or ED. We used descriptive statistics to compare inpatient and ED sepsis metrics and describe inpatient sepsis outcomes.

RESULTS
The cohort included 26 855 cases; 8.4% were inpatient and 91.6% were ED. Inpatient cases had higher sepsis-attributable mortality (2.0% vs 1.4%, P = .025), longer length of stay after sepsis recognition (9 vs 5 days, P &lt;.001), more intensive care admissions (57.6% vs 54.1%, P = .002), and greater average vasopressor use (18.0% vs 13.6%, P &lt;.001) compared with ED. In the inpatient cohort, &gt;40% of cases had a time from arrival to recognition within 12 hours. In 21% of cases, this time was &gt;96 hours. Improved adherence to sepsis treatment bundles over time was associated with improved 30-day sepsis-attributable mortality for inpatients with sepsis.

CONCLUSIONS
Inpatient sepsis cases had longer lengths of stay, more need for intensive care, and higher vasopressor use. Sepsis-attributable mortality was significantly higher in inpatient cases compared with ED cases and improved with improved sepsis bundle adherence.
Бінарність політичної ідентичності: теоретико-методологічний аналіз
Authors: Ісаєва Наталя 
Published: November 2022

В статті розкривається бінарний характер концепту «політична ідентичність» у топології сучасного політико-філософського дискурсу, а саме: «індивідуальне / колективне», «національне / наднаціональне», «ми / вони», «минуле / теперішнє». Виявлено, що бінарна опозиція «індивідуальне / колективне» відноситься до сфери сущого або онтологічного рівня політичної ідентичності і розкриває її в межах індивідуального носія, і тут задіяні психологічний напрямок, символічний інтеракціонізм, драматургічна концепція, й у межах колективного носія, і тут залучені концепція зіткнення цивілізацій С. Хантінгтона, конструктивізм А. Вендта, теорія уявного співтовариства Б. Андерсона, по-третє, у комплементарності та колективності.
Встановлено, що бінарна опозиція «норма / цінність» відноситься не до сфери сущого, а до сфери належної або дії, тобто розкриває практичну спрямованість політичної ідентичності. З’ясовано, що бінарна опозиція «національне / наднаціональне» відноситься до культурно-онтологічного рівня політичної ідентичності, й розкриває її як феномен епохи Модерну з його раціональністю, тотальністю секуляризації, атомізацією та омосадуванням суспільства, виникненням націй-держав.
Визначено, що бінарна опозиція «ми / вони» відноситься до маргінального або прикордонного рівня політичної ідентичності та характеризує сукупність та взаємозв'язок соціально-політичних, національних, релігійних процесів ототожнення та відмінності, а також символічних, екзистенційних, соціально-політичних проблем «іншого» та відчуження. Встановлено, що бінарна опозиція «минуле / теперішнє» відноситься до культурно-історичного рівня політичної ідентичності і містить у собі апологію історичного підходу, згідно з яким минуле, завдяки феномену культурної пам'яті, укоріненому в міфах, обрядах, традиціях, впливає на сьогодення та майбутнє, а також апологію антиісторичного підходу з його критикою історицизму та відстоюванням політичних (демократія), економічних (вільний ринок), інтелектуальних (влада розуму та критицизм) ідеалів «відкритого суспільства» на противагу традиціоналістському або закритому.
Український науковий центр у Празі під час радянської окупації навесні 1945 року
Authors: Кокош Артем 
Published: November 2022

Український науковий центр у Празі був основним представником української науки і освіти в Європі з 1921 по 1945. У час радянської окупації України Прага стала єдиним можливим містом для вільних досліджень історії, етнології, української мови, права, економіки, політики та інших наук. Освітні і наукові студії зазначених наук були пов’язані з Українським вільним університетом. Багато українських науковців, які працювали в цих галузях, приїхали до університету з СРСР і з європейських країн. На відміну від інших українських культурних і наукових центрів університет був одним з небагатьох, які здійснювали освітню діяльність.
Відтак, мета дослідження полягає у тому, щоб прослідкувати зміни наукового життя університету після радянської окупації Праги, акцентуючи на проблемі переміщення вищої школи до іншої країни. Така проблема випливала з потреби збереження наукового центру, що діяв у Чехословаччині. Варто згадати, що отримавши підтримку президента Томаша Масарика, університет переїхав до Праги з Відня. Протягом майже двадцяти п’яти років університет був основним науковим і освітнім центром українців у Європі і пройшов різні періоди історії. Разом з Музеєм національно-визвольної боротьби, Українським технічно-господарським інститутом та іншими науковими організаціями, університет міг представляти українську культуру і науку закордоном.
Новизна дослідження випливає зі спроби виокремити основні пропозиції щодо діяльності університету навесні 1945 року – залишитися чи покинути чеську столицю з аналізом подальшої долі українського наукового центру. Результати дослідження доводять, що університет не було перенесено до Баварії, а чеську столицю залишала частина науковців. За рішенням сенату університет продовжив працювати у Празі. Усе майно університету після окупації, більшість матеріалів архіву і бібліотеки були вивезені до СРСР. Професори, які залишилися у місті були заарештовані і ув’язнені в радянських тюрмах. До Баварії могли дістатися кілька професорів, що почали відновлювати університет без зв’язку до Праги.