bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual metaphor activation in Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: Yang Huilan , Reid J. Nick , Mei Yuru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn episodic memory experiment was conducted to examine whether “conceptual metaphors” influence how metaphorical expressions are processed and encoded into memory. Forty Chinese–English bilinguals read lists of expressions in their L1 and L2. The data revealed that after reading a series of metaphorical expressions based on the same underlying conceptual metaphor, participants falsely recognized new sentences that instantiated the same conceptual metaphor mapping more often than control sentences that did not share this mapping. This false memory effect was robust in both participants’ L1 and L2, with the only difference between languages being that participants showed more memory errors for literal sentences related to the source domain of the conceptual metaphors when reading in their second language (i.e., English). These data suggest that although bilinguals can access the appropriate conceptual metaphors in their second language, they have difficulty inhibiting literal meaning when processing metaphorical statements.
Upwelling Shadows Driven by the Low‐Level Jet Along the Subtropical West Coast of South America: Gulf of Arauco, Chile
Authors: Mardones Piero , Wong Zeneida , Contreras‐Rojas Josse , Muñoz Richard , Hernández‐Miranda Eduardo , Sobarzo Marcus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome semienclosed bays in the eastern boundary upwelling systems worldwide display a strong surface temperature gradient between cold water upwelled outside and warmer water inside these bays. This anomalous coastal temperature pattern is known as upwelling shadow (US). Research on this topic has mainly focused on identifying spatiotemporal patterns of US events, but the influence of the atmospheric synoptic variability on the temporal evolution of US events remains less well documented. This study uses observational, satellite‐derived, and reanalysis data to propose a mechanism that relates synoptic‐scale atmospheric phenomena with the development of US events in the Gulf of Arauco (GA), a highly productive and the largest semienclosed bay in central Chile (around 37°S). The mechanism associates the passage of migratory anticyclones over the study area with two key processes. The first process is the formation of a coastal low‐level wind jet, which intensifies the upwelling of cold subsurface waters outside the GA. We strongly suggest that the second one is the development of a coastal low pressure, which usually implies clear skies (increasing the solar radiation input) and weak downwelling favorable winds along the coast, factors that could largely explain the observed surface warming inside this embayment during these events. The presence of cold water upwelled offshore and the enhanced surface warming inside the GA, possibly also modulated by a weakened circulation, results in a strong thermal gradient with average temperature differences of more than 3°C, generating the US.
Observed and Projected Changes of Large‐Scale Environments Conducive to Spring MCS Initiation Over the US Great Plains
Authors: Song Fengfei , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe , Chen Xingchao , Yang Qiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are frequent over the US Great Plains during spring. The link between large‐scale environments and spring MCS initiation were well established. Here, historical and future changes of spring large‐scale environments favorable for MCS initiation are investigated using an MCS tracking data set, ERA5 reanalysis, and 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The frequency of Great Plains low‐level jet (GPLLJ)‐related MCS environments is found to have increased by ∼41% from 1979 to 2019, consistent with the enhanced GPLLJ and more frequent MCSs. Comparing CMIP6 AMIP and historical experiments, we find that the observed GPLLJ strengthening and more frequent MCS environments are mainly due to the decadal sea‐surface temperature variations rather than external forcings. Under a high emission scenario, the frequency of GPLLJ‐related environments favorable for MCS initiation will increase by ∼65% during 2015–2100, along with a stronger GPLLJ, suggesting more frequent MCSs over the US Great Plains in a warming world.
Simulation of Magnetospheric Sawtooth Oscillations: The Role of Kinetic Reconnection in the Magnetotail
Authors: Wang Xiantong , Chen Yuxi , Tóth Gábor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetospheric sawtooth oscillations are observed during strong and steady solar wind driving conditions. The simulation results of our global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model with embedded kinetic physics show that when the total magnetic flux carried by constant solar wind exceeds a threshold, sawtooth‐like magnetospheric oscillations are generated. Different from previous works, this result is obtained without involving time‐varying ionospheric outflow in the model. The oscillation period and amplitude agree well with observations. The simulated oscillations cover a wide range of local times, although the distribution of magnitude as a function of longitude is different from observations. Our comparative simulations using ideal or Hall MHD models do not produce global time‐varying features, which suggests that kinetic reconnection physics in the magnetotail is a major contributing factor to sawtooth oscillations.
Data‐Driven Discovery of Soil Moisture Flow Governing Equation: A Sparse Regression Framework
Authors: Song Wenxiang , Shi Liangsheng , Wang Lijun , Wang Yanling , Hu Xiaolong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConventionally, soil moisture dynamics are mathematically modeled by the Richardson‐Richards equation, whose derivation is based on the conservation of mass and the Buckingham‐Darcy law. However, it is complicated and even impossible to finish such rigorous derivations based on physical principles due to the complexity and uncertainties in the vadose zone. In this work, we propose a data‐driven sparse regression framework. For the first time, we discover the time‐dependent nonlinear soil moisture flow equation from only volumetric water content observations. The framework leverages linear approximations and group sparsity techniques. Except for a few assumptions, it requires no prior information, including a specific constitutive relationship model, boundary conditions, and initial conditions. Several numerical experiments are tested to demonstrate that the framework successfully discovers the underlying soil moisture flow equation from data and tends to discover the parsimonious equation governed by dominant physical processes. Besides, the identified nonlinear coefficients, which represent soil hydraulic properties, fit well with the actual coefficients, although they deviate slightly at near‐saturated ends. The results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework under various scenarios. Despite being based on a homogeneous soil assumption, this study provides a new perspective for deriving soil moisture flow governing equations.
CHIKV infection reprograms codon optimality to favor viral RNA translation by altering the tRNA epitranscriptome
Authors: Jungfleisch Jennifer , Böttcher René , Talló-Parra Marc , Pérez-Vilaró Gemma , Merits Andres , Novoa Eva Maria , Díez Juana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmple evidence indicates that codon usage bias regulates gene expression. How viruses, such as the emerging mosquito-borne Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), express their genomes at high levels despite an enrichment in rare codons remains a puzzling question. Using ribosome footprinting, we analyze translational changes that occur upon CHIKV infection. We show that CHIKV infection induces codon-specific reprogramming of the host translation machinery to favor the translation of viral RNA genomes over host mRNAs with an otherwise optimal codon usage. This reprogramming was mostly apparent at the endoplasmic reticulum, where CHIKV RNAs show high ribosome occupancy. Mechanistically, it involves CHIKV-induced overexpression of KIAA1456, an enzyme that modifies the wobble U34 position in the anticodon of tRNAs, which is required for proper decoding of codons that are highly enriched in CHIKV RNAs. Our findings demonstrate an unprecedented interplay of viruses with the host tRNA epitranscriptome to adapt the host translation machinery to viral production.
PTEN inhibits AMPK to control collective migration
Authors: Peglion Florent , Capuana Lavinia , Perfettini Isabelle , Boucontet Laurent , Braithwaite Ben , Colucci-Guyon Emma , Quissac Emie , Forsberg-Nilsson Karin , Llense Flora , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPten is one of the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor gene in cancer. PTEN is generally altered in invasive cancers such as glioblastomas, but its function in collective cell migration and invasion is not fully characterised. Herein, we report that the loss of PTEN increases cell speed during collective migration of non-tumourous cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further show that loss of PTEN promotes LKB1-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the major metabolic regulator AMPK. In turn AMPK increases VASP phosphorylation, reduces VASP localisation at cell-cell junctions and decreases the interjunctional transverse actin arcs at the leading front, provoking a weakening of cell-cell contacts and increasing migration speed. Targeting AMPK activity not only slows down PTEN-depleted cells, it also limits PTEN-null glioblastoma cell invasion, opening new opportunities to treat glioblastoma lethal invasiveness.
Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2
Authors: Kato Takafumi , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Jin Chunhuan , Zhou Xinyu , Ohgaki Ryuichi , Quan LiLi , Xu Minhui , Okuda Suguru , Kobayashi Kan , Yamashita Keitaro , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Nureki Osamu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlutamate is a pivotal excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian brains, but excessive glutamate causes numerous neural disorders. Almost all extracellular glutamate is retrieved by the glial transporter, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2), belonging to the SLC1A family. However, in some cancers, EAAT2 expression is enhanced and causes resistance to therapies by metabolic disturbance. Despite its crucial roles, the detailed structural information about EAAT2 has not been available. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of human EAAT2 in substrate-free and selective inhibitor WAY213613-bound states at 3.2 Å and 2.8 Å, respectively. EAAT2 forms a trimer, with each protomer consisting of transport and scaffold domains. Along with a glutamate-binding site, the transport domain possesses a cavity that could be disrupted during the transport cycle. WAY213613 occupies both the glutamate-binding site and cavity of EAAT2 to interfere with its alternating access, where the sensitivity is defined by the inner environment of the cavity. We provide the characterization of the molecular features of EAAT2 and its selective inhibition mechanism that may facilitate structure-based drug design for EAAT2.
Topological nature of the liquid–liquid phase transition in tetrahedral liquids
Authors: Neophytou Andreas , Chakrabarti Dwaipayan , Sciortino Francesco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe first-order phase transition between two tetrahedral networks of different density—introduced as a hypothesis to account for the anomalous behaviour of certain thermodynamic properties of deeply supercooled water—has received strong support from a growing body of work in recent years. Here we show that this liquid–liquid phase transition in tetrahedral networks can be described as a transition between an unentangled, low-density liquid and an entangled, high-density liquid, the latter containing an ensemble of topologically complex motifs. We first reveal this distinction in a rationally designed colloidal analogue of water. We show that this colloidal water model displays the well-known water thermodynamic anomalies as well as a liquid–liquid critical point. We then investigate water, employing two widely used molecular models, to demonstrate that there is also a clear topological distinction between its two supercooled liquid networks, thereby establishing the generality of this observation, which might have far-reaching implications for understanding liquid–liquid phase transitions in tetrahedral liquids.
Misinformation of COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Lee Sun Kyong , Sun Juhyung , Jang Seulki , Connelly Shane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study examined various types of misinformation related to the COVID-19 vaccines and their relationships to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Study 1 asked a sample of full-time working professionals in the US (n = 505) about possible misinformation they were exposed to related to the COVID-19 vaccines. Study 2 utilized an online survey to examine U.S. college students’ (n = 441) knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, and its associations with vaccine hesitancy and behavioral intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Analysis of open-ended responses in Study 1 revealed that 57.6% reported being exposed to conspiratorial misinformation such as COVID-19 vaccines are harmful and dangerous. The results of a structural equation modeling analysis for Study 2 supported our hypotheses predicting a negative association between the knowledge level and vaccine hesitancy and between vaccine hesitancy and behavioral intention. Vaccine hesitancy mediated the relationship between the vaccine knowledge and behavioral intention. Findings across these studies suggest exposure to misinformation and believing it as true could increase vaccine hesitancy and reduce behavioral intention to get vaccinated.
Dispersion and stability mechanism of Pt nanoparticles on transition-metal oxides
Authors: Jeong Eun-Suk , Hwang In-Hui , Han Sang-Wook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe heterogeneous catalysts of Pt/transition-metal oxides are typically synthesized through calcination at 500 °C, and Pt nanoparticles are uniformly and highly dispersed when hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is applied before calcination. The influence of H2O2 on the dispersion and the stability of Pt nanoparticles on titania-incorporated fumed silica (Pt/Ti–FS) supports was examined using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements at the Pt L3 and Ti K edges as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The local structural and chemical properties around Pt and Ti atoms of Pt/Ti–FS with and without H2O2 treatment were monitored using in-situ XAFS during heating from room temperature to 500 °C. XAFS revealed that the Pt nanoparticles of H2O2-Pt/Ti–FS are highly stable and that the Ti atoms of H2O2-Pt/Ti–FS support form into a distorted-anatase TiO2. DFT calculations showed that Pt atoms bond more stably to oxidized–TiO2 surfaces than they do to bare- and reduced–TiO2 surfaces. XAFS measurements and DFT calculations clarified that the presence of extra oxygen atoms due to the H2O2 treatment plays a critical role in the strong bonding of Pt atoms to TiO2 surfaces.
Distribution and genetic diversity of Anisakis spp. in cetaceans from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cipriani Paolo , Palomba Marialetizia , Giulietti Lucilla , Marcer Federica , Mazzariol Sandro , Santoro Mario , Alburqueque Renato Aco , Covelo Pablo , López Alfredo , Santos M. Begoña , Pierce Graham J. , Brownlow Andrew , Davison Nicholas J. , McGovern Barry , Frantzis Alexandros , Alexiadou Paraskevi , Højgaard Dánjal Petur , Mikkelsen Bjarni , Paoletti Michela , Nascetti Giuseppe , Levsen Arne , Mattiucci Simonetta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParasite biodiversity in cetaceans represents a neglected component of the marine ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and genetic diversity of anisakid nematodes of the genus Anisakis sampled in cetaceans from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 478 adults and pre-adults of Anisakis spp. was identified by a multilocus genetic approach (mtDNA cox2, EF1 α − 1 nDNA and nas 10 nDNA gene loci) from 11 cetacean species. A clear pattern of host preference was observed for Anisakis spp. at cetacean family level: A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii infected mainly delphinids; A. physeteris and A. brevispiculata were present only in physeterids, and A. ziphidarum occurred in ziphiids. The role of cetacean host populations from different waters in shaping the population genetic structure of A. simplex (s.s.), A. pegreffii and A. physeteris was investigated for the first time. Significant genetic sub-structuring was found in A. simplex (s.s.) populations of the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea compared to those of the Iberian Atlantic, as well as in A. pegreffii populations of the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian Seas compared to those of the Iberian Atlantic waters. Substantial genetic homogeneity was detected in the Mediterranean Sea population of A. physeteris. This study highlights a strong preference by some Anisakis spp. for certain cetacean species or families. Information about anisakid biodiversity in their cetacean definitive hosts, which are apex predators of marine ecosystems, acquires particular importance for conservation measures in the context of global climate change phenomena.
Preservation of glycine coordination compounds under a gamma radiation dose representative of natural mars radioactivity
Authors: Bonales Laura J. , Muñoz-Iglesias Victoria , Prieto-Ballesteros Olga , Mateo-Martí Eva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Martian subsurface is more favorable for organic preservation than its surface because of the shielding effect of rocks from cosmic rays and UV radiation with increasing depth. Nevertheless, the natural radioactivity on Mars owing to U, Th, and K must be considered to study the possible extant and/or extinct life. Here, we demonstrate the importance of natural radiation on the amino acid glycine in two different chemical environments, GlyFeSO4 5H2O and GlyMgSO4 5H2O, which are coordination compounds considered relevant to Mars. The results show that after a 600 kGy dose of gamma radiation, glycine was more stable when it bonded to Mg in the GlyMgSO4 5H2O coordination compound, it was less stable when it bonded to Fe in the GlyFeSO4 5H2O compound. Studies on the effects of gamma radiation on preservation of organic molecules bound to minerals and other potential compounds on Mars are significantly important in the search for biosignatures.
Malicious anchor node extraction using geodesic search for survivable underwater wireless sensor network
Authors: Prateek  , Reddy T. Srinivasa , Chandra Saurabh , Arya Rajeev , Verma Ajit Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLocalization in underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) faces an imminent threat when the triangulating anchor node starts to malfunction. Traditional geometric approaches are insufficient to cope with the survivability of UWSN topology. To address these issues, this paper presents a symplectic geometry for identification of the malicious anchor node. Consequently, a geodesic search algorithm (GSA) based Target localization is proposed which reduces the positioning error by exploiting the phase-space constancy of the underwater acoustic sensor network topology to effectively triangulate the target node despite its mobility. First, a malicious anchor node model is presented. The node movement is expressed in the form of “ripple region”. GSA is then proposed which effectively frees the node metastasis from anchor node geometry, thereby making the underwater system more survivable and resilient. Simulation results evaluate the survivability of the geodesic formalism in terms of the reduced penalty incurred by node movement, as well as the reduced impact of anchor node malfunction. An improvement of 13.46% and 9.26% reveals the utility of the geodesic technique in aquamarine sensor deployments, which would be beneficial in underwater resource exploration and defense planning.
Geriatric nutritional risk index as a potential prognostic marker for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Funamizu Naotake , Sakamoto Akimasa , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Uraoka Mio , Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Iwata Miku , Ito Chihiro , Tamura Kei , Sakamoto Katsunori , Ogawa Kohei , Takada Yasutsugu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn pancreatic cancer, postoperative complications (POCs) are associated with disease outcomes. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is known to predict POCs after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) in patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic tumors, including pancreatic cancer. Through POC occurrence risk, we aimed to determine whether GNRI could predict prognosis in patients who underwent PD or DP for resectable pancreatic cancer. This retrospective study examined 139 patients who underwent radical pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic cancer at Ehime University. All patients were subjected to nutritional screening using GNRI and were followed up for POC diagnosis and patient outcomes such as overall survival (OS). Patients were divided based on the GNRI value of 99 (Low group: N = 74, GNRI < 99; High group: N = 65, GNRI ≥ 99), which was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that GNRI < 99 was statistically correlated with POCs after curative pancreatic resection (p = 0.02). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that GNRI < 99 was significantly associated with long OS (p = 0.04). GNRI could be a potential prognostic marker for resectable pancreatic cancer after curative pancreatic resection despite being a simple and noninvasive approach.
Educational Environments and Secondary School Outcomes Among Students Who Are D/deaf and Hard of Hearing in Special Education
Authors: Epstein Sherise , Christianson Erin , Ou Henry C. , Norton Susan J. , Sie Kathleen C.Y. , Horn David L. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to provide updated national estimates on the annual number, educational environments, and secondary school outcomes of students who are D/deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) receiving special education (SpEd) and related services in the United States.

Method:
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, Section 618 data from 2012 to 2018. Participants included students 6–21 years old in SpEd with “hearing impairment” reported as their primary disability. The general population of students in secondary school served as a comparator, via Current Population Survey data. We described the annual number of students (a) overall, (b) by educational environment, and (c) by reason for exiting SpEd, including the proportion graduating from and dropping out of secondary school. We described variation over time.

Results:
The median annual number of students was 67,655, with minimal variation by year. The proportion in general education (GenEd) for ≥ 80% of the day increased by 4.2% over 6 years from 57.8% to 62.0%, whereas the proportions in GenEd for < 40% and 40%–79% of the day decreased by 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively. Proportions in the remainder of the environments changed < 1.0% each. Of exiters, 86.8% of students graduated, whereas 3.9% dropped out, compared to a dropout rate of 5.0% in the general population.

Conclusion:
From 2012 to 2018, students who are D/HH receiving SpEd in the United States have spent increasingly more time in GenEd, most graduated from high school, and few dropped out, with dropout patterns appearing similar to the general population.