bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an advance directive ’communication tool’ relevant for patients with advanced cancer in six European countries: Experiences from the ACTION trial
Authors: Arnfeldt Caroline Moeller , Groenvold Mogens , Johnsen Anna Thit , Červ Branka , Deliens Luc , Dunleavy Lesley , van der Heide Agnes , Kars Marijke C. , Lunder Urška , Miccinesi Guido , Pollock Kristian , Rietjens Judith A. C. , Seymour Jane ,   On behalf of the ACTION consortium
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe ACTION trial evaluated the effect of a modified version of the Respecting Choices´ advance care planning programme in patients with advanced cancer in six European countries. For this purpose, an advance directive acceptable for all six ACTION countries to be used for documenting the wishes and preferences of patients and as a communication tool between patients, their caregivers and healthcare staff, was needed.AimTo describe the development of a multinational cancer specific advance directive, the ´My Preferences form´, which was first based on the 2005 Wisconsin ‘Physician Orders of Life Sustaining Treatment´ Form, to be used within the ACTION trial.MethodsFramework analysis of all textual data produced by members of the international project team during the development of the ACTION advance directives (e.g. drafts, emails, meeting minutes…).Setting/participantsACTION consortium members (N = 28) with input from clinicians from participating hospitals (N = 13) and ´facilitators´ (N = 8) who were going to deliver the intervention.ResultsTen versions of the ACTION advance directive, the ´My Preferences form´, were developed and circulated within the ACTION consortium. Extensive modifications took place; removal, addition, modification of themes and modification of clinical to lay terminology. The result was a thematically comprehensive advance directive to be used as a communication tool across the six European countries within the ACTION trial.ConclusionThis article shows the complex task of developing an advance directive suitable for cancer patients from six European countries; a process which required the resolution of several cross cultural differences in law, ethics, philosophy and practice. Our hope is that this paper can contribute to a deeper conceptual understanding of advance directives, their role in supporting decision making among patients approaching the end of life and be an inspiration to others wishing to develop a disease-specific advance directive or a standardised multinational advance directive.
Time to recovery of neonatal sepsis and determinant factors among neonates admitted in Public Hospitals of Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Oumer Mohammed , Abebaw Dessie , Tazebew Ashenafi 
Published: July 2022

Background
Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Time to recovery is an indicator of the severity of sepsis, and risk factors varied significantly according to study population and settings. Moreover, published literature regarding the time to recovery of neonatal sepsis is scarce.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the time to recovery of neonatal sepsis and determinant factors among neonates admitted in the Public Hospitals of Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based prospective follow-up study design was conducted among 631 neonates with sepsis. A structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. The median time to recovery, life-table, the Kaplan Meier curve, and the log-rank test were computed. Both bi-variable and multivariable Cox regression models were applied to analyze the data.

Results
Of all septic neonates, 511 successfully recovered. They were followed for a total of 4,740-neonate day’s observation and the median time to recovery was 7 days (IQR = 5–10 days). After adjusting for covariates, intrapartum fever (AHR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.99), induced onset of labor (AHR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.94), chest indrawing (AHR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.46, 0.99), late onset sepsis (AHR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.75), non-oral enteral feeding (AHR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.50), assisted with bag and mask (AHR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.93), normal birth weight (AHR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.94), gestational age of 37–42 weeks (AHR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.32, 2.84), septic shock (AHR = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.39), infectious complications (AHR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.61), being in critical conditions (AHR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.89), and early recognition of illness (AHR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.27, 2.63) were independently associated with the time to recovery of neonatal sepsis.

Conclusions and recommendations
The time to recovery of this study was moderately acceptable as compared to the previous studies. The above-mentioned factors could be used for the early identification of neonates with sepsis at risk for protracted illness and it could guide prompt referral to higher centers in primary health sectors. This also will provide prognostic information to clinicians and families as longer recovery time has economic and social implications in our country.
Health inequities as measured by the EQ-5D-5L during COVID-19: Results from New York in healthy and diseased persons
Authors: Lubetkin Erica I. , Long Di , Haagsma Juanita A. , Janssen Mathieu F. , Bonsel Gouke J. 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable psychological and physical effects in healthy and diseased New Yorkers aside from the effects in those who were infected. We investigated the relationship between known risk-enhancing and health-promoting factors (social and medical), comorbidity indicators, and, as the primary outcome, health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsBetween April 22 and May 5, 2020, a market research agency (Dynata) administered a digital survey including the EQ-5D-5L and items related to individual characteristics, social position, occupational and insurance status, living situation, exposures (smoking and COVID-19), detailed chronic conditions, and experienced access to care to an existing internet panel representative of New Yorkers.Results2684 persons completed the questionnaire. The median age was 48 years old, and most respondents were non-Hispanic white (74%) and reported at least higher vocational training or a university education (83%). During COVID-19, mean HRQoL scores were 0.82 for the EQ-5D-5L index and 79.3 for the EQ VAS. Scores varied for healthy and diseased respondents differently by the above determinants. Lower age, impaired occupational status, loss of health insurance, and limited access to care exerted more influence on EQ-5D-5L scores of diseased persons compared to healthy persons. Among diseased persons, the number of chronic conditions and limited access to health care had the strongest association with EQ-5D-5L scores. While EQ-5D-5L scores improved with increasing age, gender had no noticeable effect. Deprivation factors showed moderate effects, which largely disappeared in (stratified) multivariable analysis, suggesting mediation through excess chronic morbidity and poor healthcare access. Generally, modifying effects were larger in the EQ-5D-5L as compared to the EQ VAS.ConclusionsAlmost all factors relating to a disadvantaged position showed a negative association with HRQoL. In diseased respondents, pre-existing chronic comorbidity and experienced access to health care are key factors.
“Imitation (In)Security” and the Polysemy of Russian Disinformation: A Case Study in How IRA Trolls Targeted U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Bean Hamilton , Hartnett Stephen J. , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush , Jafarian Haadi , Koutsoukos Alex 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Russian disinformation activities imitate divisive U.S. political discourse within a polarized social media ecosystem. As part of a multipronged response, U.S. citizens have been urged to increase their personal vigilance and to identify inauthentic messages, hence flagging foreign-made disinformation by studying its content. However, by applying Taylor's concept of “imitation (in)security” to a set of Kremlin-linked Internet Research Agency (IRA) Facebook and Instagram advertisements, this article explains why content-centered approaches to combatting disinformation need to be reimagined. Building upon imitation (in)security, we propose that the strength of the IRA disinformation campaign was not its ability to foist falsehoods upon unsuspecting Americans, but, rather, its uncanny imitation of prevalent themes, images, and arguments within American civic life. Our analysis of IRA-generated advertisements targeting U.S. military veterans demonstrates how IRA “trolls” were imitating American communication patterns to amplify existing positions within a deluge of messages marked by polysemy. Our analysis suggests readers should be less concerned by such Russian-made imitations than was suggested in much of the breathless 2016 post-election coverage, for the traction of such disinformation hinges on domestic crises and injustices that long predate Russian interference. Pointing to foreign-made social media content stokes a sense of threat and crisis—the essence of national insecurity and a main objective of the IRA's efforts—yet our actual security weaknesses are homemade.
Free volumes in mixed-tacticity poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) determined by viscosimetry and their correlations with structural features and mechanical properties
Authors: Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Kretschmer Martin , Lieleg Oliver , Zollfrank Cordt 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The viscosities of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with mixed tacticities were determined as functions of temperature and shearing rate via plate–plate viscosimetry, and fitted by a combined Herschel–Bulkley–Cross–Doolittle model while applying Carvalho et al.’s single-point correction. They were compared to values of slit viscosimetry, obtained during processing at a temperature of 428 K. In both cases, measured values and fitted model parameters as a function of tacticity exhibited a discontinuous behaviour at a fraction of meso diads of 0.7. To further investigate, we calculated values of vibrational and excess free volume. We found that these correlate with structural and external properties, some of which were reported in earlier works, namely the paracrystalline contents and specific volumes of the materials at room temperature, as well as their energies of fracture during tensile testing. These, in turn, correlate with the statistical averages of relative lengths of chain segments of similar a- or iso-tacticity. Hence, we found that expressing changing tacticities simply by a continuous progression of the fraction of meso diads is insufficient to trace associated discontinuities of the flow behaviour in mixed-tacticity PHB. We conclude that free volume is generated by polymer chain conformational disorder, which should be treated on the oligomeric chain segment level.
Evolutionary trend of SARS-CoV-2 inferred by the homopolymeric nucleotide repeats
Authors: Yin Changchuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, in which millions of lives have been lost. Understanding the zoonotic evolution of the coronavirus may provide insights for developing effective vaccines, monitoring the transmission trends, and preventing new zoonotic infections. Homopolymeric nucleotide repeats (HP), the most simple tandem repeats, are a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic genomes. Yet the HP distributions and roles in coronavirus genome evolution are poorly investigated. In this study, we characterize the HP distributions and trends in the genomes of bat and human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results show that the SARS-CoV-2 genome is abundant in HPs, and has augmented HP contents during evolution. Especially, the disparity of HP poly-(A/T) and ploy-(C/G) of coronaviruses increases during the evolution in human hosts. The disparity of HP poly-(A/T) and ploy-(C/G) is correlated to host adaptation and the virulence level of the coronaviruses. Therefore, we propose that the HP disparity can be a quantitative measure for the zoonotic evolution levels of coronaviruses. Peculiarly, the HP disparity measure infers that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants have a high disparity of HP poly-(A/T) and ploy-(C/G), suggesting a high adaption to the human hosts.
On the continuity of Weil-Petersson volumes of the moduli space weighted points on the projective line
Authors: Tambasco Salvatore 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work we show that the Weil-Petersson volume (which coincides with the CM degree) in the case of weighted points in the projective line is continuous when approaching the Calabi-Yau geometry from the Fano geometry. More specifically, the CM volume computed via localization converges to the geometric volume, computed by McMullen with different techniques, when the sum of the weights approaches the Calabi-Yau geometry.
Common reducing subspaces and decompositions of contractions
Authors: Pal Sourav 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A commuting triple of Hilbert space operators

(
A
,
B
,
P
)

{(A,B,P)}

, for which the closed tetrablock

𝔼
¯

{\overline{\mathbb{E}}}

is a spectral set, is called a tetrablock-contraction or simply an

𝔼

{\mathbb{E}}

-contraction, where

𝔼
=

{

(

x
1

,

x
2

,

x
3

)

∈

ℂ
3

:

1
-

x
1

⁢
z

-

x
2

⁢
w

+

x
3

⁢
z
⁢
w

≠

0
⁢
whenever
⁢

|
z
|

≤

1
⁢
and
⁢

|
w
|

≤
1

}

⊂

ℂ
3

,

\mathbb{E}=\bigl{\{}(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})\in\mathbb{C}^{3}:1-x_{1}z-x_{2}w+x_{3}%
zw\neq 0\text{ whenever }\lvert z\rvert\leq 1\text{ and }\lvert w\rvert\leq 1%
\bigr{\}}\subset\mathbb{C}^{3},

is a polynomially convex domain which is naturally associated with the μ-synthesis problem. By applications of the theory of

𝔼

{\mathbb{E}}

-contractions, we obtain the following main results in this article:

(i)
It is well known that any number of doubly commuting isometries admit a Wold-type decomposition. Also, examples from the literature show that such decomposition does not hold in general for commuting isometries. We generalize this result to any number of doubly commuting contractions. Indeed, we present a canonical decomposition to any family of doubly commuting contractions

𝒰
=

{

T
λ

:

λ
∈
Λ

}

{\mathcal{U}=\{T_{\lambda}:\lambda\in\Lambda\}}

acting on a Hilbert space

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

and show that

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

continues to decompose orthogonally into joint reducing subspaces of

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

until all members of

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

split together into unitaries and completely non-unitary (c.n.u.) contractions. Naturally, as a special case we achieve an analogous Wold decomposition for any number of doubly commuting isometries.

(ii)
Further, we show that a similar canonical decomposition is possible for any family of doubly commuting c.n.u. contractions, where all members jointly orthogonally decompose into pure isometries (i.e. unilateral shifts) and completely non-isometry (c.n.i.) contractions.

(iii)
We give an alternative proof to the canonical decomposition of an

𝔼

{\mathbb{E}}

-contraction and apply that to establish independently the following result due to Eschmeier: for any finitely many commuting contractions

T
1

,
…
,

T
n

{T_{1},\dots,T_{n}}

acting on a Hilbert space

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

, the space

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

admits an orthogonal decomposition

ℋ
=

ℋ
1

⊕

ℋ
2

{\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_{1}\oplus\mathcal{H}_{2}}

, where

ℋ
1

{\mathcal{H}_{1}}

is the maximal common reducing subspace for

T
1

,
…
,

T
n

{T_{1},\dots,T_{n}}

such that

T
1

|

ℋ
1

,
…
,

T
n

|

ℋ
1

{T_{1}\lvert_{\mathcal{H}_{1}},\dots,T_{n}\lvert_{\mathcal{H}_{1}}}

are unitaries.
Spiritualität am Arbeitsplatz aus Sicht von Führungskräften – Ergebnisse einer Fokusgruppendiskussion
Authors: Linseisen Elisabeth , Flick Wolfram , Frick Eckhard , Mächler Ruth 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund:Spiritualität am Arbeitsplatz wird international im Managementbereich zunehmend diskutiert. Die Sichtweise von Führungskräften im Gesundheitswesen ist aber noch kaum erforscht, obwohl Spiritualität und Spiritual Care (SC) in diesem Setting aufgrund der Versorgung von verletzlicher Klientel noch relevanter als in anderen Branchen sind.Ziele:Durch zwei Fokusgruppendiskussionen mit Führungskräften aus dem Gesundheitswesen sollte eruiert werden, welche Bedeutung Spiritualität und SC für die Einrichtung aus der Perspektive der Führungskräfte haben und inwiefern ggf. Implementierungsansätze für SC in der eigenen Einrichtung gesehen werden.Ergebnisse:Führungskräfte aus Einrichtungen, in denen Spiritualität in einem weit gefassten Verständnis bereits in der Unternehmenskultur verankert ist, erleben Spiritualität und SC als relevant und wertvoll, aber auch als herausfordernd für ihre Führungstätigkeit. Sie sehen Zusammenhänge in den Kontexten Organisation, Mitarbeitende, Klientel der Einrichtung und mit ihrer Führungsrolle. Seelsorge wird als Querschnittsthema betrachtet.Diskussion:Die Auseinandersetzung mit Spiritualität und SC kann für Führungskräfte wertvolle Hinweise für ihr Handeln in Gesundheitseinrichtungen geben. Zentrales Element ist der Umgang mit Werten.
Neurofilament Transport Is BidirectionalIn Vivo
Authors: Boyer Nicholas P. , Julien Jean-Pierre , Jung Peter , Brown Anthony 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeurofilaments are abundant space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that are transported into and along axons. During postnatal development, these polymers accumulate in myelinated axons causing an expansion of axon caliber, which is necessary for rapid electrical transmission. Studies on cultured nerve cells have shown that axonal neurofilaments move rapidly and intermittently along microtubule tracks in both anterograde and retrograde directions. However, it is unclear whether neurofilament transport is also bidirectionalin vivo. Here, we describe a pulse-spread fluorescence photoactivation method to address this in peripheral nerves dissected fromhThy1-paGFP-NFMtransgenic mice, which express a photoactivatable fluorescent neurofilament protein. Neurofilaments were photoactivated in short segments of myelinated axons in tibial nerves at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of age. The proximal and distal spread of the fluorescence due to the movement of the fluorescent neurofilaments was measured over time. We show that the directional bias and velocity of neurofilament transport can be calculated from these measurements. The directional bias was ∼60% anterograde and 40% retrograde and did not change significantly with age or distance along the nerve. The net velocity decreased with age and distance along the nerve, which is consistent with previous studies using radioisotopic pulse labeling. This decrease in velocity was caused by a decrease in both anterograde and retrograde movement. Thus, neurofilament transport is bidirectionalin vivo, with a significant fraction of the filaments moving retrogradely in both juvenile and adult mice.
Hedging Bets in Linguistic Prediction: Younger and Older Adults Vary in the Breadth of Predictive Processing
Authors: Haeuser Katja I. , Kray Jutta , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: July 2022

Language processing is predictive in nature, but it is unknown whether language users generate multiple predictions about upcoming content simultaneously or whether spreading activation from one pre-activated word facilitates other words downstream. Simultaneously, developmental accounts of predictive processing simultaneously highlight potential tension among spreading activation vs. multiple activation accounts.
We used self-paced reading to investigate if younger and older readers of German generate (multiple) graded predictions about the grammatical gender of nouns. Gradedness in predictions was operationalized as the difference in cloze probability between the most likely and second-most likely continuation that could complete a sentence. Sentences with a greater probabilistic difference were considered as imbalanced and more biased towards one gender. Sentences with lower probabilistic differences were considered to be more balanced towards multiple genders.
Both young and older adults engaged in predictive processing. However, only younger adults activated multiple predictions, with slower reading times (RTs) when gender representations were balanced, but facilitation when one gender was more likely than others. In contrast, older adults’ RTs did not pattern with imbalance but merely with predictability, showing that, while able to generate predictions based on context, older adults did not predict multiple gender continuations. Hence, our findings suggest that (younger) language users generate graded predictions about upcoming content, by weighing possible sentence continuations according to their difference in cloze probability. Compared to younger adults, older adults’ predictions are reduced in scope. The results provide novel theoretical insights into the developmental mechanisms involved in predictive processing.
GSDMD drives canonical inflammasome‐induced neutrophil pyroptosis and is dispensable for NETosis
Authors: Chauhan Dhruv , Demon Dieter , Vande Walle Lieselotte , Paerewijck Oonagh , Zecchin Annalisa , Bosseler Leslie , Santoni Karin , Planès Rémi , Ribo Silvia , Fossoul Amelie , Gonçalves Amanda , Van Gorp Hanne , Van Opdenbosch Nina , Van Hauwermeiren Filip , Meunier Etienne , Wullaert Andy , Lamkanfi Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeutrophils are the most prevalent immune cells in circulation, but the repertoire of canonical inflammasomes in neutrophils and their respective involvement in neutrophil IL‐1β secretion and neutrophil cell death remain unclear. Here, we show that neutrophil‐targeted expression of the disease‐associated gain‐of‐function Nlrp3A350V mutant suffices for systemic autoinflammatory disease and tissue pathology in vivo. We confirm the activity of the canonical NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in neutrophils, and further show that the NLRP1b, Pyrin and AIM2 inflammasomes also promote maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β in cultured bone marrow neutrophils. Notably, all tested canonical inflammasomes promote GSDMD cleavage in neutrophils, and canonical inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis and secretion of mature IL‐1β are blunted in GSDMD‐knockout neutrophils. In contrast, GSDMD is dispensable for PMA‐induced NETosis. We also show that Salmonella Typhimurium‐induced pyroptosis is markedly increased in Nox2/Gp91Phox‐deficient neutrophils that lack NADPH oxidase activity and are defective in PMA‐induced NETosis. In conclusion, we establish the canonical inflammasome repertoire in neutrophils and identify differential roles for GSDMD and the NADPH complex in canonical inflammasome‐induced neutrophil pyroptosis and mitogen‐induced NETosis, respectively.