bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport barrier onset and edge turbulence shortfall in fusion plasmas
Authors: Dif-Pradalier Guilhem , Ghendrih Philippe , Sarazin Yanick , Caschera Elisabetta , Clairet Frédéric , Camenen Yann , Donnel Peter , Garbet Xavier , Grandgirard Virginie , Munschy Yann , Vermare Laure , Widmer Fabien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic confinement fusion offers the promise of sustainable and safe energy production on Earth. Advanced experimental scenarios exploit the fascinating yet uncommon ability of confined plasmas to bifurcate into states of enhanced performance upon application of additional free energy sources. Self-regulation of small-scale turbulent eddies is essential to accessing these improved regimes. However, after several decades, basic principles for these bifurcations are still largely debated and clarifications from first principles lacking. We show here, computed from the primitive kinetic equations, establishment of a state of improved confinement through self-organisation of plasma microturbulence. Our results highlight the critical role of the interface between plasma and material boundaries and demonstrate the importance of propagation of turbulence activity beyond regions of convective drive. These observations strongly suggest a paradigm shift where the magnetised plasma at the onset of enhanced performance self-organises into a globally critical state, ‘nonlocally’ controlled by fluxes of turbulence activity.
Electrochemical Intramolecular Oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H Coupling for the Synthesis of 4-Quinolones
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Jin Kejun , Wang Ruiyou , Wang Xingyu , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhong Liangcheng , Liu Jianguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient electrochemical approach for the synthesis of 4-quinolones via intramolecular C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H cross-coupling has been developed under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions. This electrochemical approach provides a simple and efficient route to construct useful 4-quinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Serum Uromodulin in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus and Controls: Its Potential Role in Kidney Health
Authors: Schiel Ralf , Block Mathias , Steveling Antje , Stein Günter , Lücking Sarah , Scherberich Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Uromodulin is a kidney-specific tubular protein, and its
assessment in serum (sUMOD) reveals the potential as a novel marker for function
and the integrity of renal parenchymal cells and does not directly depend on the
glomerular filtration rate. Early diabetic nephropathy parallels glomerular
hyperfiltration, often leading to diagnostic misinterpretation. Moreover,
traditional kidney function markers are not able to diagnose structural lesions.
Recent data show that sUMOD is linked to glucose intolerance in adults. Thus, we
launched to assess the hypothesis that sUMOD is also associated with kidney
function, biometric data, and quality of metabolic control in
children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Patients and methods Patients with type 1 diabetes (n=135) and
healthy controls (n=69) were recruited to participate in the trial.
Clinical, biometrical data, sUMOD, and other laboratory parameters were
assessed.
Results The mean concentrations of sUMOD in diabetic patients and controls
were comparable (201.19±103.22 vs.
198.32±84.27 ng/mL, p=0.832). However, in
contrast to healthy controls, sUMOD levels in patients with diabetes were
associated with serum-creatinine (r=−0.368, p<0.0001),
age (r=−0.350, p<0.0001), height
(r=−0.379, p<0.0001), body weight
(r=−0.394, p<0.0001), Body mass index
(r=−0.292, p=0.001), daily insulin dosage
(r=−0.300, p<0.0001), HbA1c (%)
(r=−0.190, p=0.027), standardized HbA1c/IFCC
(mmol/mol) (r=−0.189, p=0.028), and systolic
(r=−0.299, p<0.0001) and diastolic
(r=−0.235, p=0.006) arterial blood pressure.
Conclusions Our study shows that children/adolescents with type 1
diabetes disclose similar sUMOD concentrations as healthy controls. Serum UMOD
appears to indicate higher risks for kidney tissue remodeling and possibly
subsequent cardiovascular alterations. However, further studies are mandatory to
settle these findings.
Therapeutic Bronchoscopy for Lung Nodules: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Folch Erik , Guo Yanglin , Senitko Michal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLobar resection has been the established standard of care for peripheral early-stage non—small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over the last few years, surgical lung sparing approach (sublobar resection [SLR]) has been compared with lobar resection in T1N0 NSCLC. Three nonsurgical options are available in those patients who have a prohibitive surgical risk, and those who refuse surgery: stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), percutaneous ablation, and bronchoscopic ablation. Local ablation involves placement of a probe into a tumor, and subsequent application of either heat or cold energy, pulsing electrical fields, or placement of radioactive source under an image guidance to create a zone of cell death that encompasses the targeted lesion and an ablation margin. Despite being in their infancy, the bronchoscopic ablative techniques are undergoing rapid research, as they extrapolate a significant knowledge-base from the percutaneous techniques that have been in the radiologist's armamentarium since 2000. Here, we discuss selected endoscopic and percutaneous thermal and non-thermal therapies with the focus on their efficacy and safety.
Resection of Femoral Head–Neck Junction Osteoid Osteoma via Minimally Invasive Direct Anterior Approach: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Mortazavi SM Javad , Moharrami Alireza , Razzaghof Mohammadreza , Kaseb Mohammad Hasan , Shafiei Hossein , Ghasemi Mohammad Ali , Jamshidi Seyed Mir Mansour Moazen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur aim was to introduce a new minimally invasive approach for surgical excision of femoral head–neck junction osteoid osteoma (FHNJOO) and review the available literature regarding its clinical manifestations and treatment methods. We included nine patients with FHNJOO in this series, who underwent resection via the minimally invasive direct anterior approach (DAA), from January 2010 to 2013. The functional outcomes were hip range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), and Harris hip score (HHS), which were assessed pre- and postoperatively at 3 months at the last follow-up. We had nine patients with a mean age of 17.25 ± 6.75 years. The mean diagnosis delay was 23.56 ± 4.67 months. We had a mean follow-up of 93.67 ± 18.02 months. The hip ROM, VAS, and HHS were significantly improved from 97.78 ± 8.70 degrees to 121.11 ± 4.86 degrees, 63.93 ± 10.47 to 99.11 ± 1.76 degrees, and 7.3 ± 1.5 to 0.1 ± 0.3 degrees at 3-month and the last follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). We observed no recurrence or complications. The minimally invasive DAA approach for surgical resection of FHNJOO can provide immediate pain relief and improve hip functional scores with no complication or recurrence on long-term follow-up. It provides easy and complete access to the lesion and causes no morbidity due to minimal dissection.
Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bertoletti Laurent , Couturaud Francis , Sanchez Olivier , Jimenez David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent and devastating chronic respiratory disease. COPD is ranked among the top five causes of death worldwide. Patients with COPD suffer from persistent dyspnea, with periods of acute worsening, called exacerbations. Such exacerbations may be severe. In fact, one-third of COPD patients will be hospitalized because of an exacerbation. Hospitalization due to respiratory failure has been identified as a powerful predisposing risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) for many years. Therefore, COPD is recognized as a moderate risk factor for VTE, with an odds ratio between 2 and 9, similar to other risk factors such as estrogen-containing contraceptives or (any) cancer. However, unlike other risk factors such as contraception, the presence of COPD can modify the initial presentation of VTE and worsen the short-term prognosis of patients who have acute pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly during a COPD exacerbation. It is not only that both stable COPD and acute exacerbations of COPD might increase the risk of VTE, but PE itself may mimic the symptoms of a COPD exacerbation. Hence, some authors have evaluated the prevalence of PE among COPD patients with acute worsening. This clinical review (1) gives an update on epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and prognosis of PE associated with COPD; (2) presents the results of the Prevalence de l'Embolie Pulmonaire chez les patients admis pour exacerbation de BPCO study, which aimed at determining the frequency of PE in COPD patients hospitalized for an acute exacerbation; (3) discusses the results of the Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations study, the first randomized trial having compared the efficacy of a systematic search for PE versus routine care on admission for a COPD exacerbation; and (4) provides a selection of remaining unmet needs on the association between COPD and PE.
Primary Intracranial Choriocarcinoma in the Suprasellar Region: A Case Report
Authors: Vargas Bryan Camilo , de la Maza María Verónica , Aracena Joaquín 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 17-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with history of headache, nausea, and visual field disturbances for about a year. A suprasellar tumor was found by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsy of this lesion showed primary intracranial choriocarcinoma on histopathological examination. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level was measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after the biopsy, and was elevated in both. The patient went into chemotherapy and surgery with no complications or recurrence. If young patients present with a suprasellar lobulated mass with hemorrhage, the serum hCG level should be measured before surgery.
Using television series to teach comparative and European politics
Authors: Stenberg Matthew , Switek Niko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite increasing access to high quality television (TV) series in the golden age of television, political scientists (and especially scholars of comparative politics) have not systematically considered the possibilities that television series might offer for instruction. This article aims to fill this gap by illustrating the opportunities for teaching political science using TV series and outlining ways of integrating television series into the classroom using selected clips, screening full episodes, or using an entire series as a text. We then illustrate these methods by discussing ways that television series might be used in a typical introductory course on European politics.
Rotating alternating current field measurement testing system with TMR arrays for arbitrary-angle crack on nonferromagnetic pipes
Authors: Zhao Jianming , Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Yin Xiaokang , Ding Jianxi , Chen Qinyu , Yang Huimin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonferromagnetic pipes are widely used in power plants such as fluid transportation and heat exchanger devices. Due to the severity of the environments, including corrosion, high temperature, etc, they are subject to surface arbitrary-angle cracks. In view of this background, this paper proposed a rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) testing system for arbitrary-angle cracks on nonferromagnetic pipes. The RACFM pipe detection model is established and the unidirectional excitation coil and the orthogonal excitation coils are simulated separately. The testing system and the probe with tunnel magneto resistance sensor arrays and flexible orthogonal excitation coils are built to detect cracks at different angles on the pipe. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the RACFM detection system has high sensitivity for arbitrary-angle cracks on the outer surface of the pipe, and it can effectively measure the lengths and angles of the cracks.
Analytical approximations for the self-field distribution of a superconducting tape between iron cores
Authors: Hao Luning , Dong Fangliang , Yang Jiabin , Patel Ismail , Wei Haigening , Wang Qi , Hu Jintao , Tian Mengyuan , Shah Adil , Shen Boyang , Coombs Tim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnetic switches apply AC magnetic fields to DC current-carrying high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes to generate DC voltages and are commonly used in the persistent current switches (PCSs) and flux pumps to charge HTS-coated conductor magnets. Normally, they are made of copper field coils and iron cores with narrow air gaps for the HTS tape to pass through. However, the perpendicular components of the self-field of the HTS tape in the air gap can be enhanced by the iron cores and cause a critical current reduction of up to 40% to the tape. If ignored, this reduction, rather than the magnets themselves, will limit the current carrying capability of the HTS magnets. To tackle this problem, we present analytical approximations to calculate the self-field distribution of a superconducting tape between iron cores. The approximate solutions are based on the method of images in electromagnetics to simplify the derivation and are then verified by the experiments and 3D finite element method models using the T–A formulation. The solutions are universal and can be applied to almost all the magnetic switches currently in use. A case study of typical magnetic switches shows that the solutions can be used to determine the critical current reduction quickly and accurately, analyse the influence of different parameters, and simplify the design process of magnetic switches. The results can significantly benefit the design and optimisation of PCSs and flux pumps for HTS magnet charging systems in the future.
Noisy pursuit and pattern formation of self-steering active particles
Authors: Goh Segun , Winkler Roland G , Gompper Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider a moving target and an active pursing agent, modeled as an intelligent active Brownian particle capable of sensing the instantaneous target location and adjusting its direction of motion accordingly. An analytical and simulation study in two spatial dimensions reveals that pursuit performance depends on the interplay between self-propulsion, active reorientation, limited maneuverability, and random noise. Noise is found to have two opposing effects: (i) it is necessary to disturb regular, quasi-elliptical orbits around the target, and (ii) slows down pursuit by increasing the traveled distance of the pursuer. For a stationary target, we predict a universal scaling behavior of the mean pursuer–target distance and of the mean first-passage time as a function of Pe2/Ω, where the Péclet number Pe characterizes the activity and Ω the maneuverability. Importantly, the scaling variable Pe2/Ω depends implicitly on the level of thermal or active noise. A similar behavior is found for a moving target, but modified by the velocity ratio α = u
0/v
0 of target and pursuer velocities u
0 and v
0, respectively. We also propose a strategy to sort active pursuers according to their motility by circular target trajectories.
Performance optimization of electret air filter
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ma Xingchen , Chang Li , Liu Jianqing , Liao Julong , Zhang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of the society, the severe haze weather caused by particulate matters (PMs) occurs frequently. Electret air filters have been playing an important role in purifying the air and alleviating the pollution. In this work, electret air filters were fabricated based on the polypropylene (PP) materials to investigate their filtering performance to the PMs. First, the electret performance of the PP-based films was mainly focused on. The charge storage stability of the electret films was found to be associated with the material recipe and the electret technique. Introducing 1% of tourmaline into the isotactic PP can realize the best charge storage stability, while adding the graphene can weaken the charge stability. And the electret techniques including the high-temperature pre-aging and polarization at elevated temperature were adopted to optimize the charge storage performance. Then, based on the optimized electret materials and electret technique, the purification performance of the electret filter elements dependent on the polarization condition was evaluated. The present work can provide an optimization strategy to improve the performance of electret materials and electret air filters.
Bilayer metal halide perovskite for efficient and stable solar cells and modules
Authors: Zhu Yanqing , Hu Min , Xu Mi , Zhang Bo , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To reach the target of carbon neutral, a transition from fossil energy to renewable energy is unavoidable. Photovoltaic technology is considered one of the most prominent sources of renewable energy. Recently, metal halide perovskite materials have attracted tremendous interest in the areas of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of processing and outstanding performance. To date, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown high power conversion efficiency up to 25.7% and 31.3% for the perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells, which promises to revolutionize the PV landscape. However, the stability of PSCs under operating conditions has yet to match state-of-the-art silicon-based solar cell technology, in which the stability of the absorbing layer and relevant interfaces is the primary challenge. These issues become more serious in the larger area solar modules due to the additional interfaces and more defects within the perovskite. Bilayer perovskite film composed of a thin low dimensional perovskite layer and a three-dimensional perovskite layer shows great potential in fabricating solar cells with high efficiency and stability simultaneously. In this review, recent advancements, including composition design and processing methods for constructing bilayer perovskite films are discussed. We then analyze the challenges and resolutions in deposition bilayer perovskite films with scalable techniques. After summarizing the beneficial effect of the bilayer structure, we propose our thinking of feasible strategies to fabricate high efficiency perovskite solar modules with a long lifetime. Finally, we outline the directions for future work that will push the perovskite PV technology toward commercialization.
Hydraulic characteristics and carbon metabolism of Haloxylon ammodendron under different water–salt content
Authors: Yang Fang , Lv Guanghui , Qie Yadong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drought and salt stress are important abiotic stressors that adversely affect the growth, resistance and survival of plants. Haloxylon ammodendron is a strong halophyte, and its hydraulic characteristics and carbon metabolism response to drought and salt stress under natural conditions have not been widely studied. With H. ammodendron as the research object, three sample plots with different water and salt contents (high water and high salt, medium salt in reclaimed water, low water and low salt) were selected to determine their water physiology, photosynthetic physiology, carbon physiology and growth status under different water and salt conditions. Studies have shown that drought and salinity affect the hydraulic properties of H. ammodendron, reducing the water content and water potential of assimilation branches and secondary branches and increasing the hydraulic conductivity per unit cross-sectional area of biennial shoots. Affected by drought, the content of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in assimilation branches and secondary branches was significantly reduced, and the NSC content of assimilating branches was significantly higher than that in secondary branches. The transportation of NSCs to the secondary branches caused obstacles, and more accumulated in the assimilating branches. In addition, drought reduced H. ammodendron photosynthesis and carbon assimilation and limited carbon uptake, resulting in slower growth. Under the influence of drought and salinity, the anisohydric properties of H. ammodendron weakened its stomatal regulation ability and made it susceptible to water transport obstacles, but the degree of carbon limitation was relatively small.
A chronotherapeutics-applicable multi-target therapeutics based on AI: Example of therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Liu Fei , Jiang Xiangkang , Yang Jingyuan , Tao Jiawei , Zhang Mao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the complexity of disease mechanisms and the inadequacy of single-target therapies in restoring the biological system have inevitably instigated the strategy of multi-target therapeutics with the analysis of each target individually. However, it is not suitable for dealing with the conflicts between targets or between drugs. With the release of high-precision protein structure prediction artificial intelligence, large-scale high-precision protein structure prediction and docking have become possible. In this article, we propose a multi-target drug discovery method by the example of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). First, we performed protein structure prediction for all protein targets of each group by AlphaFold2 and RoseTTAFold. Then, QuickVina 2 is used for molecular docking between the proteins and drugs. After docking, we use PageRank to rank single drugs and drug combinations of each group. The ePharmaLib was used for predicting the side effect targets. Given the differences in the weights of different targets, the method can effectively avoid inhibiting beneficial proteins while inhibiting harmful proteins. So it could minimize the conflicts between different doses and be friendly to chronotherapeutics. Besides, this method also has potential in precision medicine for its high compatibility with bioinformatics and promotes the development of pharmacogenomics and bioinfo-pharmacology.
TPD: a web tool for tipping-point detection based on dynamic network biomarker
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhong Jiayuan , Yang Kun , Zhang Xuhang , Chen Yingqi , Liu Rui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tipping points or critical transitions widely exist during the progression of many biological processes. It is of great importance to detect the tipping point with the measured omics data, which may be a key to achieving predictive or preventive medicine. We present the tipping point detector (TPD), a web tool for the detection of the tipping point during the dynamic process of biological systems, and further its leading molecules or network, based on the input high-dimensional time series or stage course data. With the solid theoretical background of dynamic network biomarker (DNB) and a series of computational methods for DNB detection, TPD detects the potential tipping point/critical state from the input omics data and outputs multifarious visualized results, including a suggested tipping point with a statistically significant P value, the identified key genes and their functional biological information, the dynamic change in the DNB/leading network that may drive the critical transition and the survival analysis based on DNB scores that may help to identify ‘dark’ genes (nondifferential in terms of expression but differential in terms of DNB scores). TPD fits all current browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera, Safari and Internet Explorer. TPD is freely accessible at http://www.rpcomputationalbiology.cn/TPD.