bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of Biological Pathways of Integrative Interventions Used to Manage Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children With Cancer
Authors: Kamkhoad Donruedee , Cho Youngmin , Santacroce Sheila Judge 
Published: January 2022

Background
As with pharmacological management approaches, characteristics of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children with cancer should be considered when developing and testing these interventions and reporting the outcomes.

Objectives
This systematic scoping review aimed to identify gaps and weaknesses in CAM and integrative interventions studies to prevent and manage CINV in children being treated for cancer, according to the CINV biological pathways.

Methods
This systematic scoping review was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Included studies were published in English before May 2020 and examined the effects of integrative interventions on CINV in children being treated for cancer. Two authors performed computerized searches and manual reviews; these authors also extracted data about study characteristics, intervention characteristics, and CINV outcomes from the studies included in the review.

Results
Twenty-six studies of 29 CAM interventions met eligibility criteria. Most of these studies used randomized controlled trial designs and measured CINV outcomes at least once prior to and then after the intervention. Some studies did not explicate the interval between exposure to the intervention and outcome measurements. The CAM interventions studied included 15 cognitive–behavioral interventions, 8 acupoint stimulation interventions, 5 herb/supplementation interventions, and 1 educational intervention. One study tested two CAMs and clarified the underlying biological pathways, whereas 25 studies (27 CAMs) did not illustrate pathways; the pathways were deduced from information provided in the articles.

Discussion
Considering the biological pathways underlying CINV while developing integrative interventions, including the CAM component, could improve intervention efficacy. Measurement of biomarkers of activity in these pathways would provide a means to test whether changes in underlying pathways mediate change in CINV. Better reporting of intervention details and study processes is needed to support replication of CAM interventions and inform translation into clinical practice.
Characterization of Serum Samples With Discordant Results in 2 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 IgG Assays
Authors: Prince Harry E. , Batterman Hollis J. , Marlowe Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Our laboratory system tests sera for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) IgG using the DiaSorin Liaison chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA), with the option to confirm positive samples by a laboratory-developed HerpeSelect inhibition assay. As part of the confirmation process, the HerpeSelect HSV-2 IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is performed. This study investigated the relationship between DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG CIA-positive indices and HerpeSelect HSV-2 IgG EIA results.

Methods
HerpeSelect HSV-2 IgG EIA results were compiled for a cohort of consecutive DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG CIA-positive (index ≥1.10) samples. To further characterize DiaSorin CIA-positive samples that were positive (concordant) or negative (discordant) by the HerpeSelect EIA, a separate composite reference study panel was constructed and also tested using the Biokit HSV-2 IgG assay and an HSV-2 IgG inhibition assay developed for the DiaSorin instrument. Samples were classified as DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG true positive or false positive based on a composite reference using HerpeSelect EIA, Biokit, and DiaSorin inhibition results.

Results
Of 2305 consecutive DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG CIA-positive samples, 411 (17.8%) were HerpeSelect HSV-2 IgG EIA negative; 343 of 411 (83%) had DiaSorin indices of 1.10 to 3.00. For the composite reference study panel (N = 120), 59 of 60 discordant samples were classified as DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG false positive based on the composite reference, whereas 58 of 60 concordant samples were classified as true positive.

Conclusions
Nearly all DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG CIA-positive but HerpeSelect HSV-2 IgG EIA-negative sera are falsely positive in the DiaSorin CIA. Furthermore, most DiaSorin false-positive samples exhibit low-positive indices, suggesting that guidelines for confirmatory testing should include low-positive samples by CIA and EIA.
Anatomic Characteristics of the Adolescent Cricothyroid Membrane on Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Kelly Geoffrey S. , Tekes-Brady Aylin , Woltman Nathan Michael 
Published: January 2022

Background
The cricothyroid membrane (CTM) is the most important anatomic structure when performing emergency front-of-neck access (FONA) procedures. Adolescence is a period of rapid morphologic change in laryngeal structures, including the CTM. We hypothesized that the adolescent CTM would be sufficiently different from pediatric or adult anatomy to merit special consideration in FONA.

Objective
The aim of the study was to define the procedurally relevant CTM anatomy in an adolescent population.

Methods
This was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study composed of patients who underwent a diagnostic computed tomography scan during routine clinical care. Inclusion criteria were ages 16 to 19 years and a computed tomography of the neck with or without contrast. The primary outcome was CTM height measured in the midsagittal plane using electronic calipers.

Results
One hundred thirty-four imaging studies met inclusion criteria. The average CTM height was strongly associated with age and ranged between 5.4 and 6.2 mm in male adolescents and 4.6 and 5.8 mm in female adolescents. We predicted that standard cuffed endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes recommended for FONA procedures (5.0- and 6.0-mm devices) could potentially fail for most patients in our cohort.

Conclusions
The adolescent CTM is smaller than previously recognized. We recommend having a variety of equipment sizes readily available at any site where airway management in adolescents may occur.
Severity of Illness Scoring for Pediatric Interfacility Transport
Authors: Mansoor Maha , Hansen Gregory , Bigham Michael , Holt Tanya 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Severity of illness scoring during pediatric critical care transport may provide objective data to determine illness trajectory and disposition and contribute to quality assurance data for pediatric transport programs. The objective of this study was to ascertain the breadth of severity of illness scoring tool application among North American pediatric critical care transport teams.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative survey using REDCap was distributed to 137 North American pediatric transport programs. Baseline team characteristics were established along with questions related to severity of illness tool application.
Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results
There were 55 responses (40%), and of those, 13 (24%) use a severity of illness scoring tool within their practice. A variety of tools were used including: Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability, Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Canadian Triage and Acuity Score, Transport Risk Assessment in Pediatrics, Pediatric Early Warning Scores, Levels of Acuity, Transport Pediatric Early Warning Scores, and an unspecified tool. The timing of scoring, team personnel who applied the score, and the frequency of analysis varied between transport programs.

Conclusions
Severity of illness scoring is not consistently performed by pediatric interfacility transport programs in North America. Among the programs that use a scoring tool, there is variability in its application. There is no universally accepted or performed severity of illness scoring tool for pediatric interfacility transport.
Future research to validate and standardize a pediatric transport severity of illness scoring tool for North America is necessary.
The Korea National Patient Safety Incidents Inquiry Survey: Feasibility of Medical Record Review for Detecting Adverse Events in Regional Public Hospitals
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Seo Hee Jung , Koo Hong Mo , Ock Minsu , Hwang Jee-In , Lee Sang-Il 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
We aimed to examine the Korea National Patient Safety Incidents Inquiry conducted in the Republic of Korea; specifically, we assessed the validity of screening criteria, interreviewer reliability, quality of medical records, and the time required for reviewing medical records.

Methods
A 3-stage retrospective medical record review was performed. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the screening criteria for the adverse events were calculated, and interreviewer reliability was verified using the overall agreement rate and κ value. In addition, the results of medical record quality assessment and time required for review were analyzed.

Results
There were a total of 4159 patients (55.5%) with at least 1 of the 41 screening criteria. In stage 1, the overall percent of agreement was 81.9% when all negatives from the 2 reviewers were included, and the κ value was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.66). In stage 2, 84.6% of cases were a perfect match, and 87.4% were a partial match. The κ values were 0.159 (95% CI, 0.12–0.20) and 0.389 (95% CI, 0.35–0.43), respectively. The mean quality assessment scores were 3.18 of 4 points in stage 1 and 3.05 of 4 points in stage 2. In stage 1, it took an average of 13.02 minutes to asses each patient file; in stage 2, it took an average of 5.06 minutes.

Conclusions
To increase the feasibility of medical record review for detecting adverse events, it is important not only to improve the reliability between reviewers but also to monitor the quality of medical records and the time required for review.
Spinal Cord Stimulators: An Analysis of the Adverse Events Reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration
Authors: Jones Caitlin M. P. , Shaheed Christina Abdel , Ferreira Giovanni , Mannix Liam , Harris Ian A. , Buchbinder Rachelle , Maher Chris G. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Spinal cord stimulators are used to treat intractable pain. Placebo-controlled trials of spinal cord stimulators typically involve short-term treatment and follow-up, so long-term safety and efficacy are unclear.

Aim
The aim of the study was to describe the adverse events relating to spinal cord stimulators reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia between July 2012 and January 2019.

Methods
Adverse events were coded by seriousness, severity, body system affected, type of event, action taken, and attribution of fault. Data on the number of stimulators implanted and removed were sourced from the Admitted Patient Care Minimum Data Set.

Results
Five hundred twenty adverse events were reported for spinal cord stimulators. Most events were rated as severe (79%) or life-threatening (13%). Device malfunction was the most common event (56.5%). The most common action taken in response to an adverse event was surgical intervention with or without antibiotics (80%). The ratio of removals to implants was 4 per every 10 implanted.

Conclusions
Spinal cords stimulators have the potential for serious harm, and each year in Australia, many are removed. In view of the low certainty evidence of their long-term safety and effectiveness, our results raise questions about their role in providing long-term management of intractable pain.
Current international and national guidelines for managing skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Bouza Emilio , Burillo Almudena 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Skin and soft tissue infections account for a significant percentage of both community and nosocomial infections. Several nosological entities are included in this concept. However, there is a very scarce body of doctrine for their treatment based on randomised trials. Therefore, we considered it necessary to review current treatment guidelines to bring new recommendations and improvements to our colleagues. In this review of recent literature, we identified updated guidelines in this area by searching the databases PubMed, evidence-based medicine online, York University reviewers group, Cochrane, MBE-Trip and Sumsearch using the terms: soft tissue infection, therapy, guideline.

Recent findings
Developments focus on using new antimicrobials and on the prescription of shorter antibiotic treatment courses.

Summary
With the development of new drugs and the current evidence of their use, there is a need to refine the appropriate drug's decision-making. Drugs with a long half-life, which allows weekly administration, can reduce hospital admission and length of stay with fewer healthcare resources. Shorter courses of antibiotics are recommended. The role of stewardship programmes will continue to expand. The surgical indication and its value are evident in many patients. Therefore, management should rely on a collaborative group with experience in this disease.
Skin manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Massone Cesare , Vena Antonio , Dettori Silvia , Conforti Claudio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a well established respiratory tract illness. Recent studies in adults and children have shown an increasing number of patients reporting polymorphic cutaneous manifestations during COVID-19, including different types of rashes, from maculopapular, vascular, vesicular to atypical forms.

Recent findings
Although pathogenesis of skin manifestations is still not fully understood, it has been proposed that cutaneous involvement during COVID-19 may be the results of the activation of the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the reactivation or co-infection of herpesviruses or drug hypersensitivity.

Summary
According to available literature, skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19 may be categorized on the basis of their clinical presentations as follows: erythematous rashes, lesions of vascular origin, vesicular rash, urticarial rash and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), erythema multiforme and other polymorphic erythema/atypical reactions. Prompt recognition of these cutaneous manifestations represents a crucial point to facilitate diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.
Mycobacterial skin infection
Authors: Gardini Giulia , Gregori Natalia , Matteelli Alberto , Castelli Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to review the most recent evidences concerning mycobacterial skin infections, limiting the period of literature research to 2020--2021.

Recent findings
Mycobacterial skin infections include a heterogeneous group of cutaneous diseases.
Cutaneous tuberculosis is usually the result of hematogenous dissemination or spread from underlying foci and it must be distinguished from tuberculids, resulting from the immunological reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Leprosy prevalence was drastically reduced after introduction of multidrug therapy in the 1980 s, but cases are still reported due to underdiagnosis, and animal and environmental reservoirs. Recent advances concentrate in the diagnostic field. Specific guidelines for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria skin infections are missing and surgical procedures may be required. Prognosis is better as compared to nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease. Rapid laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of Buruli ulcer may be achieved by the IS2404 PCR. Among new drugs, telacebec is promising in terms of potency, shorter duration and tolerability in animal studies. A clinical trial in humans is planned.

Summary
Mycobacterial cutaneous lesions are nonpathognomonic and clinical suspicion must be confirmed by culture or molecular detection. Long-course multidrug treatment is required based on susceptibility tests. Surgical intervention may also be required. Rehabilitation and psychosocial support reduce long-term physical and mental consequences mostly in Buruli ulcer and leprosy.
Mentorship in Nuclear Medicine—Why and How?
Authors: Parihar Ashwin Singh , Dadparvar Simin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMentorship is a highly gratifying relationship that requires commitment from all involved parties. Several different mentorship models exist that can be modified to suit the requirements of the mentors and mentees, and be fine-tuned for individuals at different career levels. Our proposed framework can be deployed as a pilot design for the trainees and early-career faculty members in nuclear medicine with the scope of appropriate timely modifications based on user feedback.
Performances of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in the Preoperative Evaluation of the Peritoneal Cancer Index in Small Intestine Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Morland David , Jallerat Pascaline , Brixi Hedia , Cadiot Guillaume , Papathanassiou Dimitri , Deguelte Sophie 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) concerns up to 30% of patients with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), especially of the small intestine. Aggressive management of carcinomatosis seems to be justified, especially with regard to possible mechanical complications. 18F-FDOPA PET/CT is known to be the most sensitive imaging modality for the detection of small bowel NET metastases, yet its performance in the detection of PC is not well studied. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the performances of preoperative 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in the prediction of surgical peritoneal cancer index.

Methods
All patients referred to our center for an 18F-FDOPA PET/CT from October 2017 to January 2021 were retrospectively screened. Images were analyzed by a blinded nuclear medicine physician, and peritoneal abnormalities were reported to comply with the surgical peritoneal cancer index standard. Per patient analysis and per region analysis were then conducted.

Results
Thirty-three patients were included; 6 patients (35 regions) presented a peritoneal carcinosis. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) estimated on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT was significantly and strongly correlated to surgical PCI (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). Patient-based sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for 18F-FDOPA PET/CT were 100%, 93%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. The agreement between 18F-FDOPA and surgery regarding PC was excellent (Cohen κ = 0.82 on per patient analysis, 0.74 on per region analysis).

Conclusions
A preoperative estimation of PCI is achievable based on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT for small intestine NET and could allow to optimize surgical procedures and patient selection.
Systematic Review of Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Initiatives in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Paffile Julia , McGuire Connor , Bezuhly Michael 
Published: January 2022

Background
Improving patient care and safety requires high-quality evidence. The objective of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence for patient safety (PS) and quality improvement initiatives in breast reconstruction.

Methods
A systematic review of the published plastic surgery literature was undertaken using a computerized search and following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Publication descriptors, methodological details, and results were extracted. Articles were assessed for methodological quality and clinical heterogeneity. Descriptive statistics were completed, and a meta-analysis was considered.

Results
Forty-six studies were included. Most studies were retrospective (52.2%) and from the third level of evidence (60.9%). Overall, the scientific quality was moderate, with randomized controlled trials generally being higher quality. Studies investigating approaches to reduce seroma (28.3% of included articles) suggested a potential benefit of quilting sutures. Studies focusing on infection (26.1%) demonstrated potential benefits to prophylactic antibiotics and drain use under 21 days. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols (10.9%) overall did not compromise PS and was beneficial in reducing opioid use and length of stay. Interventions to increase flap survival (10.9%) demonstrated a potential benefit of nitroglycerin on mastectomy skin flaps.

Conclusions
Overall, studies were of moderate quality and investigated several worthwhile interventions. More validated, standardized outcome measures are required, and studies focusing on interventions to reduce thromboembolic events and bleeding risk could further improve PS.
Validation of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale in a Thoracic Surgery Clinic
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Deeb Ashley , Dezube Aaron R. , Mazzola Emanuele , Dumontier Clark , Bader Angela M. , Theou Olga , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Frain Laura N. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Examine feasibility and construct validity of Pictorial Fit-Frail scale (PFFS) for the first time in older surgical patients.

Background:
The PFFS uses visual images to measure health state in 14 domains and has been previously validated in outpatient geriatric clinics.

Methods:
Patients ≥65 year-old who were evaluated in a multidisciplinary thoracic surgery clinic from November 2020 to May 2021 were prospectively included. Patients completed an in-person PFFS and Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) during their visit, and a frailty index was calculated from the PFFS (PFFStrans). A geriatrician performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) either in-person or virtually, from which a Frailty Index (FI-CGA) and Frailty Questionnaire (FRAIL) scale were obtained. To assess the validity of the PFFS in this population, the Spearman rank correlations (rspearman) between PFFStrans and VES-13, FI-CGA, FRAIL were calculated.

Results:
All 49 patients invited to participate agreed, of which 46/49 (94%) completed the PFFS so a score could be calculated. The majority of patients (59%) underwent an in-person CGA and the reminder (41%) a virtual CGA. The cohort was mainly female (59.0%), with a median age of 77 (range: 67–90). The median PFFStrans was 0.27 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.12-0.34), PFFS was 11 (IQR 5–14), and 0.24 (IQR 0.13–0.32) for FI-CGA. We observed a strong correlation between the PFFStrans and FI-CGA (rspearman = 0.81, P < 0.001) and a moderate correlation between PFFStrans and VES-13 and FRAIL score (rspearman = 0.68 and 0.64 respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
PFFS had good feasibility and construct validity among older surgical patients when compared to previously validated frailty measurements.