bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der atypische chondrogene Tumor
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Lehner Burkhard , Omlor Georg , Igrec Jasminka , Brcic Iva , Bergovec Marko , Galsterer Sabrina , Gilg Magdalena Maria , Leithner Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Atypische chondrogene Tumoren (ACT) der kurzen und langen Röhrenknochen, früher als Chondrosarkome G1 bezeichnet, verhalten sich lokal aggressiv, haben aber ein sehr geringes Metastasierungspotenzial. Die Abgrenzung zu benignen Enchondromen ist aus klinischer, radiologischer und histopathologischer Sicht komplex.

Ziel der Arbeit
Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie von ACT unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Abgrenzung zu Enchondromen werden dargestellt.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgt die Zusammenfassung der internationalen Fachliteratur zu ACT und Enchondromen.

Ergebnisse
Die Inzidenz von Enchondromen, und mehr noch von ACT, ist über die Jahre angestiegen, was auf häufiger werdende Diagnostik hinweist. Im Gegensatz zu Enchondromen können ACT mit Schmerzen verbunden sein und radiologische Zeichen aggressiven Wachstums, wie tiefes endosteales Scalloping, aufweisen. Die alleinige Biopsie zur Differenzierung zwischen Enchondromen und ACT ist oft nicht hilfreich, da aufgrund der punktuellen Probegewebsentnahme ein „sampling error“ resultieren kann. Die definitive operative Therapie von ACT der langen und kurzen Röhrenknochen hat sich über die letzten Jahre gewandelt, weg von einer radikalen Tumorentfernung hin zu intraläsionaler Kürettage. Ein Zuwarten ist bei radiologischem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen eines Enchondroms regelmäßigen Verlaufskontrollen mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) möglich.

Schlussfolgerungen
ACT weisen im Gegensatz zu Enchondromen radiologische Zeichen eines aggressiven Wachstums auf. Die heutzutage bevorzugte Therapie besteht aus einer intraläsionalen Kürettage. Sowohl Diagnostik als auch Therapie und Nachsorge von kartilaginären Tumoren sollten an einem spezialisierten Tumorzentrum erfolgen.
Minimum adjusted Rand index for two clusterings of a given size
Authors: Chacón José E. , Rastrojo Ana I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe adjusted Rand index (ARI) is commonly used in cluster analysis to measure the degree of agreement between two data partitions. Since its introduction, exploring the situations of extreme agreement and disagreement under different circumstances has been a subject of interest, in order to achieve a better understanding of this index. Here, an explicit formula for the lowest possible value of the ARI for two clusterings of given sizes is shown, and moreover a specific pair of clusterings achieving such a bound is provided.
Development of a New Index Based on Preoperative Serum Lipocalin 2 to Predict Post-LSG Weight Reduction
Authors: Li Nannan , Xu Bei , Zeng Jiangping , Lei Shihui , Gu Lei , Feng Lijin , Zhu Bing , Huang Yueye , Wang Lu , Su Lili , Qu Shen , Cheng Xiaoyun , Bu Le 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for obesity, but targeted weight reduction is not always achieved. Serum lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is closely associated with obesity, but its impact on weight loss after surgery is unknown. We aimed to access the reliability of LCN2 levels and other parameters as effective predictors of excellent weight loss (≥ 75% excess weight loss (EWL)) 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated 450 patients (aged 18–65 years) with obesity at 3 months and 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) surgery. Seventy-four patients who underwent LSG surgery and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Serum LCN2, thyroid function, and metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed. Weight reduction was expressed as %EWL and percent total weight loss (%TWL) at 3 months and 1 year post surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to evaluate predictors of ≥ 75%EWL.

Results
In our cohort, %EWL and %TWL were both strongly associated with preoperative serum LCN2 levels. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative LCN2, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin were independent predictors of excellent weight loss.

Conclusions
Based on these results, we determined a new P index with better predictive value for excellent weight reduction (≥ 75%EWL) 1 year after LSG surgery.

Graphical abstract
New Omnivorism: a Novel Approach to Food and Animal Ethics
Authors: Milburn Josh , Bobier Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew omnivorismis a term coined by Andy Lamey to refer to arguments that – paradoxically – our duties towards animals require us to eat some animal products. Lamey’s claim to have identified a new, distinctive position in food ethics is problematic, however, for some of his interlocutors are not new (e.g., Leslie Stephen in the nineteenth century), not distinctive (e.g., animal welfarists), and not obviously concerned with eating animals (e.g., plant neurobiologists). It is the aim of this paper to bolster Lamey’s argument that he has identified a novel, unified, and intriguing position (or set of positions) in animal ethics and the philosophy of food. We distinguish new omnivorism from four other non-vegan positions and then differentiate three versions of new omnivorism based on the kinds of animal products they propose we consume. We conclude by exploring a range of argumentative strategies that could be deployed in response to the new omnivore.
Quinpi: Integrating Conservation Laws with CWENO Implicit Methods
Authors: Puppo G. , Semplice M. , Visconti G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany interesting applications of hyperbolic systems of equations are stiff, and require the time step to satisfy restrictive stability conditions. One way to avoid small time steps is to use implicit time integration. Implicit integration is quite straightforward for first-order schemes. High order schemes instead also need to control spurious oscillations, which requires limiting in space and time also in the linear case. We propose a framework to simplify considerably the application of high order non-oscillatory schemes through the introduction of a low order implicit predictor, which is used both to set up the nonlinear weights of a standard high order space reconstruction, and to achieve limiting in time. In this preliminary work, we concentrate on the case of a third-order scheme, based on diagonally implicit Runge Kutta ($$\mathsf {DIRK}$$
DIRK
) integration in time and central weighted essentially non-oscillatory ($$\mathsf {CWENO}$$
CWENO
) reconstruction in space. The numerical tests involve linear and nonlinear scalar conservation laws.
Could combination chemotherapy be more effective than monotherapy in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis? A systematic review of preclinical evidence
Authors: Bastos Daniel S. S. , Silva Adriana C. , Novaes Rômulo D. , Souza Ana Claudia F. , Santos Eliziária C. , Gonçalves Reggiani V. , Marques-Da-Silva Eduardo A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrom a systematic review framework, we assessed the preclinical evidence on the effectiveness of drug combinations for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment. Research protocol was based on the PRISMA guideline. Research records were identified from Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Animal models, infection and treatment protocols, parasitological and immunological outcomes were analysed. The SYRCLE's (SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) toll was used to evaluate the risk of bias in all studies reviewed. Fourteen papers using mice, hamster and dogs were identified.Leishmania donovaniwas frequently used to induce VL, which was treated with 23 drugs in 40 different combinations. Most combinations allowed to reduce the effective dose, cost and time of treatment, in addition to improving the parasitological control ofLeishmaniaspp. The benefits achieved from drug combinations were associated with an increased drug's half-life, direct parasitic toxicity and improved immune defences in infected hosts. Selection, performance and detection bias were the main limitations identified. Current evidence indicates that combination chemotherapy, especially those based on classical drugs (miltefosine, amphotericin B antimony-based compounds) and new drugs (CAL-101, PAM3Cys, tufisin and DB766), develops additive or synergistic interactions, which trigger trypanocidal and immunomodulatory effects associated with reduced parasite load, organ damage and better cure rates in VL.
‘Losing the illusion of control and predictability of life’: experiences of grief and loss among ageing US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Statz Tamara L. , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Finlay Jessica M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBereavement and grief are frequently experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic given widespread mortality. However, losses extend beyond deaths to include cancelled plans and routines, separation from family and friends, and unemployment. It is essential to better understand the multifaceted and complex losses experienced by older adults throughout the pandemic. We analysed 2,587 open-ended survey responses collected online in May to July 2020 from the COVID-19 Coping Study, a mixed-methods study of US adults aged 55 and older. Participants were on average 67 years old (standard deviation = 7.2), over two-thirds female and largely white. Qualitative thematic analysis identified diverse sources of grief, sadness and loss. Themes ranged from death and bereavement to anticipatory grief, loss of agency, cancelled plans and missed milestones, losing social contact and physical touch, health struggles, loss of normalcy and daily routines, and societal and economic woes. The results highlight the varied and highly personal nature of everyday grief and loss among ageing adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sources of grief extended beyond death to include both tangible and intangible losses with expectations of long-term consequences. These findings may inform the development of family and community supports, including mental health services, to address complex subjective experiences of grief and loss since the pandemic onset. Interventions are needed to support healing and hope in vulnerable and resilient ageing populations.
Space and Materiality in Recent Studies of Labor and Class in the Middle East and Islamic World
Authors: Cuyler Zachary Davis , Young Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review article proposes new directions for the field of labor studies in the Middle East and Islamic world. It does so by examining a diverse array of recent works that are not framed as studies of labor and class per se, but that illustrate what this field might look like through their respective concerns with space and materiality. Taking such concerns together unites these otherwise disparate studies of class, oceanic connections, gender, urban transformation, and the environment. We have organized this essay around the themes of space and materiality because of the utility that they hold for the study of labor and class in the Middle East and Islamic world. They enable us to attend to the basic aims of older scholarship on labor and political economy while also internalizing the critiques of that tradition mounted by scholars of race, gender, and colonialism. We moreover suggest that the theoretical developments outlined here can inform scholarship on labor and class across regional divides.
Beyond categories and boundaries: transmarine mobility and coastal governance of Northeast Asia in the sixteenth century
Authors: Liu Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the growth of cross-border movement and migration in the northern portion of the Yellow Sea during the sixteenth century, which generated ongoing interactions and tensions with the coastal governance of Chosŏn Korea and Ming China. The fluid flow of private seafarers reconnected the northern Yellow Sea and revitalised its maritime economy, making this space an integral part of wider trade networks. Meanwhile, the Chosŏn and Ming authorities also attempted to discern, categorise, and institutionalise this transmarine mobility in their discursive, administrative, and geographic spaces. Instead of considering the two polities as land based and inward looking, this article foregrounds the dynamics of their coastal control mechanisms, while at the same time paying close attention to their constraints on filtering and scrutinising maritime violence.
New Insights Into the Non‐Conservative Behaviors of Nutrients Triggering Phytoplankton Blooms in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Gao Lei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFour research cruises were carried out during March and July in 2015 and 2016 in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary and the adjacent shelf. Nutrient concentrations (regarded as static parameters) were measured in the surface and bottom waters collected at 86–99 stations over the course of these cruises. In addition, unfiltered seawater samples were incubated onboard for 48 hr to measure the potential change rates of nutrients (regarded as dynamic parameters). These parameters can help directly elucidate non‐conservative behaviors of nutrients in order to determine whether seawater serves as a source or a sink. Large nutrient sinks (with more negative variation rates) were consistently found at the surface during the two July cruises at the stations just along the outside edge of the turbidity maximum zone near the mouth of the river. Negative rates, although with much smaller magnitudes, were also found in most bottom water samples in July and at both the surface and bottom in March. The high net nutrient uptake rates at the surface in the summer triggered bloom events later at the seaward stations, showing that high net nutrient uptake is the cause and high chlorophyll‐a is the consequence of the bloom. Such information about biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and the mechanisms and development of bloom events occurring in large river estuarine and coastal areas could not have been obtained if these static and dynamic parameters had not been studied together.
Increasing Incidence of Droughts Since Later Part of Little Ice Age Over North‐Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Vikram , Misra Krishna G. , Singh Arun D. , Yadav Ram R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDroughts are recurring phenomena in the north‐western Himalaya causing severe socioeconomic hardships. Our understanding on temporal and spatial occurrence of such extreme droughts in long‐term perspective is constrained due to limited short‐term weather records. Toward fulfilling such a large data void, we developed a network of ring‐width chronologies of Himalayan cedar from seven moisture stressed high‐elevation sites in Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir. Moisture responsive ring‐width chronologies were used to develop the annual Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI from previous year June to current year May (SPI12‐May)) extending back to 1613 CE. The SPI reconstruction revealed annual to decadal‐scale variability in droughts, which strikingly were more frequent and of larger magnitude during 1760s–2017 CE in comparison to the earlier part of the reconstruction (1613–1750s CE). Our SPI12‐May record revealed strong consistency with other tree‐ring‐based hydrological records from the western Himalaya. Spatial correlation analyses revealed strong linkage of the SPI with Tropical Pacific Ocean surface temperature.
Estimated effect of vitamin A supplementation on anaemia and anthropometric failure of Indian children
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
India has an unacceptably high burden of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children aged 6–59 months. To mitigate VAD and its adverse effects on child health, the Indian government runs a nationwide vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programme. However, the effect of VAS in reducing child morbidity and mortality remains inconclusive and has been debated globally. In this paper, we estimate the effect of VAS on two indicators of child nutrition—anaemia (categorized into any anaemia, and mild/moderate anaemia) and anthropometric failure (categorized into stunting, wasting, and underweight) among children aged 6–59 months.

Methods
Using the nationally representative 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey data set from India, we set up a quasi-experimental study design and estimated household and mother fixed-effects of VAS on select types of child anaemia and anthropometric failure.

Results
Findings from both the household fixed-effects and mother fixed-effects analysis showed that VAS does not influence any types of childhood anaemia and anthropometric failure in India. We discussed the findings considering existing literature and possible limitations of the study.

Conclusions
The infirm effect of Vitamin A on anaemia and anthropometric failure is probably indicative of targeted VAS intervention, as opposed to a universal VAS programme.

Impact

Effects of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in treating child morbidity and mortality remain inconclusive, which calls for further rigorous studies.

This study set up a quasi-experimental research design and estimated the null effect of VAS on child anaemia and childhood anthropometric failure.

While the cautious interpretation of findings is urged, this study reliably supports targeted intervention of VAS, instead of the universal VAS programme.

The use of nationally representative data and robust research protocol are the primary strengths of this study.
Sox2 induces glioblastoma cell stemness and tumor propagation by repressing TET2 and deregulating 5hmC and 5mC DNA modifications
Authors: Lopez-Bertoni Hernando , Johnson Amanda , Rui Yuan , Lal Bachchu , Sall Sophie , Malloy Maureen , Coulter Jonathan B. , Lugo-Fagundo Maria , Shudir Sweta , Khela Harmon , Caputo Christopher , Green Jordan J. , Laterra John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten–eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes (TET1, TET2, TET3) that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5mC are widely reported in human cancers and loss of 5hmC correlates with poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms leading to 5hmC loss and its role in oncogenesis will advance the development of epigenetic-based therapeutics. We show that TET2 loss associates with glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells and correlates with poor survival of GBM patients. We further identify a SOX2:miR-10b-5p:TET2 axis that represses TET2 expression, represses 5hmC, increases 5mC levels, and induces GBM cell stemness and tumor-propagating potential. In vivo delivery of a miR-10b-5p inhibitor that normalizes TET2 expression and 5hmC levels inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival of animals bearing pre-established orthotopic GBM xenografts. These findings highlight the importance of TET2 and 5hmC loss in Sox2-driven oncogenesis and their potential for therapeutic targeting.
Tunable chirality of noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetals in rare-earth carbides
Authors: Ray Rajyavardhan , Sadhukhan Banasree , Richter Manuel , Facio Jorge I. , van den Brink Jeroen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEven if Weyl semimetals are characterized by quasiparticles with well-defined chirality, exploiting this experimentally is severely hampered by Weyl lattice fermions coming in pairs with opposite chirality, typically causing the net chirality picked up by experimental probes to vanish. Here, we show this issue can be circumvented in a controlled manner when both time-reversal- and inversion symmetry are broken. To this end, we investigate chirality disbalance in the carbide family RMC2(R a rare-earth and M a transition metal), showing several members to be Weyl semimetals. Using the noncentrosymmetric ferromagnet NdRhC2as an illustrating example, we show that an odd number of Weyl nodes can be stabilized at its Fermi surface by properly tilting its magnetization. The chiral configuration endows a topological phase transition as the Weyl node transitions across the Fermi sheets, which triggers interesting chiral electromagnetic responses. Further, the tilt direction determines the sign of the resulting net chirality, opening up a simple route to control its sign and strength.
Full efficacy and long-term immunogenicity induced by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate MVA-CoV2-S in mice
Authors: Lázaro-Frías Adrián , Pérez Patricia , Zamora Carmen , Sánchez-Cordón Pedro J. , Guzmán María , Luczkowiak Joanna , Delgado Rafael , Casasnovas José M. , Esteban Mariano , García-Arriaza Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo doses of the MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein protected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. This vaccination regimen prevented virus replication in the lungs, reduced lung pathology, and diminished levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. High titers of IgG antibodies against S and receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins and of neutralizing antibodies were induced against parental virus and variants of concern, markers that correlated with protection. Similar SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were observed at prechallenge and postchallenge in the two-dose regimen, while the single-dose treatment does not avoid vaccine breakthrough infection. All vaccinated animals survived infection and were also protected to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Furthermore, two MVA-CoV2-S doses induced long-term memory S-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in C57BL/6 mice, 6 months after immunization. The efficacy and immunological benefits of the MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate against COVID-19 supports its consideration for human clinical trials.
Diurnal effects of polypharmacy with high drug burden index on physical activities over 23 h differ with age and sex
Authors: Tran Trang , Mach John , Gemikonakli Gizem , Wu Harry , Allore Heather , Howlett Susan E. , Little Christopher B. , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAging, polypharmacy (concurrent use of ≥ 5 medications), and functional impairment are global healthcare challenges. However, knowledge of the age/sex-specific effects of polypharmacy is limited, particularly on daily physical activities. Using continuous monitoring, we demonstrated how polypharmacy with high Drug Burden Index (DBI—cumulative anticholinergic/sedative exposure) affected behaviors over 23 h in male/female, young/old mice. For comparison, we also evaluated how different drug regimens (polypharmacy/monotherapy) influenced activities in young mice. We found that after 4 weeks of treatment, high DBI (HDBI) polypharmacy decreased exploration (reduced mean gait speed and climbing) during the habituation period, but increased it during other periods, particularly in old mice during the transition to inactivity. After HDBI polypharmacy, mean gait speed consistently decreased throughout the experiment. Some behavioral declines after HDBI were more marked in females than males, indicating treatment × sex interactions. Metoprolol and simvastatin monotherapies increased activities in young mice, compared to control/polypharmacy. These findings highlight that in mice, some polypharmacy-associated behavioral changes are greater in old age and females. The observed diurnal behavioral changes are analogous to drug-induced delirium and sundowning seen in older adults. Future mechanistic investigations are needed to further inform considerations of age, sex, and polypharmacy to optimize quality use of medicines.