bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of steep Trendelenburg position on postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Katayama Satoshi , Mori Keiichiro , Pradere Benjamin , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Mostafaei Hadi , Quhal Fahad , Motlagh Reza Sari , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Grossmann Nico C. , Rajwa Pawel , Aydh Abdulmajeed , König Frederik , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Araki Motoo , Nasu Yasutomo , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntraoperative physiologic changes related to the steep Trendelenburg position have been investigated with the widespread adoption of robot-assisted pelvic surgery (RAPS). However, the impact of the steep Trendelenburg position on postoperative complications remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare RAPS to laparoscopic/open pelvic surgery with regards to the rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE), cardiac, and cerebrovascular complications. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate the influence of confounding risk factors. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 47 non-randomized controlled studies (NRSs), with a total of 380,125 patients, were included. Although RAPS was associated with a decreased risk of VTE and cardiac complications compared to laparoscopic/open pelvic surgery in NRSs [risk ratio (RR), 0.59; 95% CI 0.51–0.72, p < 0.001 and RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.58–1.50, p = 0.78, respectively], these differences were not confirmed in RCTs (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.52–1.62, p = 0.77 and RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.58–1.50, p = 0.78, respectively). In subgroup analyses of laparoscopic surgery, there was no significant difference in the risk of VTE and cardiac complications in both RCTs and NRSs. In the meta-regression, none of the risk factors were found to be associated with heterogeneity. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in cerebrovascular complications between RAPS and laparoscopic/open pelvic surgery. Our meta-analysis suggests that the steep Trendelenburg position does not seem to affect postoperative complications and, therefore, can be considered safe with regard to the risk of VTE, cardiac, and cerebrovascular complications. However, proper individualized preventive measures should still be implemented during all surgeries including RAPS to warrant patient safety.
Optimized isolation of 7,7′-biphyscion starting from Cortinarius rubrophyllus, a chemically unexplored fungal species rich in photosensitizers
Authors: Hammerle Fabian , Steger Lisa-Maria , Zhou Xuequan , Bonnet Sylvestre , Huymann Lesley , Peintner Ursula , Siewert Bianka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMushrooms such as the dermocyboid Cortinarius rubrophyllus are characterized by strikingly colorful fruiting bodies. The molecular dyes responsible for such colors recently experienced a comeback as photoactive compounds with remarkable photophysical and photobiological properties. One of them—7,7′-biphyscion—is a dimeric anthraquinone that showed promising anticancer effects in the low nanomolar range under blue-light irradiation. Compared to acidic anthraquinones, 7,7′-biphyscion was more efficiently taken up by cells and induced apoptosis after photoactivation. However, seasonal collection of mushrooms producing this compound, low extraction yields, and tricky fungal identification hamper further developments to the clinics. To bypass these limitations, we demonstrate here an alternative approach utilizing a precursor of 7,7′-biphyscion, i.e., the pre-anthraquinone flavomannin-6,6′-dimethyl ether, which is abundant in many species of the subgenus Dermocybe. Controlled oxidation of the crude extract significantly increased the yield of 7,7′-biphyscion by 100%, which eased the isolation process. We also present the mycochemical and photobiological characterization of the yet chemically undescribed species, i.e. C. rubrophyllus. In total, eight pigments (1–8) were isolated, including two new glycosylated anthraquinones (1 and 2). Light-dependent generation of singlet oxygen was detected for the first time for emodin-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) [photophysical measurement: Φ∆ = 0.11 (CD3OD)]. Furthermore, emodin (7) was characterized as promising compound in the photocytotoxicity assay with EC50-values in the low micromolar range under irradiation against cells of the cancer cell lines AGS, A549, and T24.
Graphical abstract
Improving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework
Authors: Nicholson George , Lehmann Brieuc , Padellini Tullia , Pouwels Koen B. , Jersakova Radka , Lomax James , King Ruairidh E. , Mallon Ann-Marie , Diggle Peter J. , Richardson Sylvia , Blangiardo Marta , Holmes Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider population and exhibit test positivity rates that are biased upwards compared with the true population prevalence. Such data are routinely used to infer infection prevalence and the effective reproduction number,Rt, which affects public health policy. Here, we describe a causal framework that provides debiased fine-scale spatiotemporal estimates by combining targeted test counts with data from a randomized surveillance study in the United Kingdom called REACT. Our probabilistic model includes a bias parameter that captures the increased probability of an infected individual being tested, relative to a non-infected individual, and transforms observed test counts to debiased estimates of the true underlying local prevalence andRt. We validated our approach on held-out REACT data over a 7-month period. Furthermore, our local estimates ofRtare indicative of 1-week- and 2-week-ahead changes in SARS-CoV-2-positive case numbers. We also observed increases in estimated local prevalence andRtthat reflect the spread of the Alpha and Delta variants. Our results illustrate how randomized surveys can augment targeted testing to improve statistical accuracy in monitoring the spread of emerging and ongoing infectious disease.
Comparative de novo transcriptome analysis identifies salinity stress responsive genes and metabolic pathways in sugarcane and its wild relative Erianthus arundinaceus [Retzius] Jeswiet
Authors: Vignesh P. , Mahadevaiah C. , Parimalan R. , Valarmathi R. , Dharshini S. , Nisha Singh , Suresha G. S. , Swathi S. , Mahadeva Swamy H. K. , Sreenivasa V. , Mohanraj K. , Hemaprabha G , Bakshi Ram , Appunu C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractErianthus arundinaceus[Retzius] Jeswiet, a wild relative of sugarcane has a high biomass production potential and a reservoir of many genes for superior agronomic traits and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A comparative physiological, anatomical and root transcriptome analysis were carried out to identify the salt-responsive genes and metabolic pathways associated with salt-tolerantE. arundinaceusgenotype IND99-907 and salinity-sensitive sugarcane genotype Co 97010. IND99-907 recorded growth of young leaves, higher proline content, higher relative water content, intact root anatomical structures and lower Na+/K+, Ca2+/K+and Mg2+/K+ratio as compared to the sugarcane genotype Co 97010. We have generated four de novo transcriptome assemblies between stressed and control root samples of IND99-907 and Co 97010. A total of 649 and 501 differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.01) were identified from the stressed and control libraries of IND99-907 and Co 97010 respectively. Genes and pathways related to early stress-responsive signal transduction, hormone signalling, cytoskeleton organization, cellular membrane stabilization, plasma membrane-bound calcium and proton transport, sodium extrusion, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cellular transporters related to plasma membrane-bound trafficking, nucleobase transporter, clathrin-mediated endocytosis were highly enriched in IND99-907. Whereas in Co 97010, genes related to late stress-responsive signal transduction, electron transport system, senescence, protein degradation and programmed cell death, transport-related genes associated with cellular respiration and mitochondrial respiratory chain, vesicular trafficking, nitrate transporter and fewer secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes were highly enriched. A total of 27 pathways, 24 biological processes, three molecular functions and one cellular component were significantly enriched (FDR≤ 0.05) in IND99-907 as compared to 20 pathways, two biological processes without any significant molecular function and cellular components in Co 97010, indicates the unique and distinct expression pattern of genes and metabolic pathways in both genotypes. The genomic resources developed from this study is useful for sugarcane crop improvement through development of genic SSR markers and genetic engineering approaches.
Electrostatic theory of rectangular waveguides filled with anisotropic media
Authors: Moradi Afshin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrostatic (or, in a better word, quasi-electrostatic) theory of waves propagation in a long, rectangular waveguide having perfect electric conductor walls that filled with an anisotropic medium (here, a medium of nanowire-based hyperbolic metamaterials) is presented. Some data on characteristics of these waves are prepared. The presented results include electrostatic field configurations (modes) that can be supported by such structures and their corresponding cutoff frequencies, group velocities, power flows and storage energies.
The mediating role of resilience in the effects of physical exercise on college students’ negative emotions during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Li Xuening , Yu Huasen , Yang Ning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to its suddenness and unpredictability, COVID-19 caused strife and effects on public mental health, resulting in a surge of negative emotions. The study explores the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions in home-based college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the mediating role of resilience, thus providing a new basis for understanding the role of physical exercise in improving negative emotions in college students; A total of 1214 college students were investigated with the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Negative Emotion Scale and Resilience Scale; Both physical exercise and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions in college students (r = − 0.25, − 0.33, P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and resilience (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). Physical exercise had a direct effect on the negative emotions of college students (β = − 0.14, P < 0.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect between physical exercise and the negative emotions of the college students, with a mediating effect value of 0.14 and a mediating effect contribution rate of 50.00%; The study found that physical exercise not only directly affected the negative emotions of college students but also improved their resilience by slowing down their negative emotions and promoting their mental health.
Poor Adherence to Common Recommendations and Associated Factors among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Police Hospital of Ethiopia
Authors: Shimels Tariku , Abebaw Melesse , Gebretekle Gebremedhin Beedemariam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Poor adherence to medication and healthy lifestyle managements, such as diet and regular exercise, remains to be a challenge for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of adherence to common recommendations, reasons, and factors associated with poor overall adherence among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a police hospital of Ethiopia.
Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was done between 15 October 2016 and 15 January 2017. Systematic random sampling method was applied to recruit participants. A semistructured interview guide with an observation checklist was used to collect data. SPSS v.20.0 was used in the analysis.
Results Out of 361 participants, over half (56.5%) participants were male and 235 (65.1%) participants were military. Nearly half (49%) of the participants were on oral combination therapy. Only 194 (53.7%) of the patients showed good adherence for diet. Half (50.1%) of the respondents had poor adherence to all recommendations. Reasons for poor adherence included lack of adequate knowledge (68.9%) for diet, carelessness (37.8%) for exercise, and lack of adequate knowledge (34.8%) followed by carelessness (28.3%) and forgetfulness (19.6%) for medication. Intake of herbal medicines doubled the likelihood of good adherence.
Conclusion Adherence of patients to diet was found to be suboptimal. Lack of adequate knowledge, carelessness, and forgetfulness were among the reasons mentioned. Only use of herbal medicine showed statistical significance with adherence. Patient education on dietary practice is required in the study setting.
Perinatal Outcomes in Obese Women with One Abnormal Value on 3-Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Greenberg Victoria R. , Lundsberg Lisbet S. , Reddy Uma M. , Grobman William A. , Parker Corette B. , Parry Samuel , Post Rebecca J. , Shanks Anthony L. , Silver Robert M. , Simhan Hyagriv , Wapner Ronald J. , Merriam Audrey A. 
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine if one abnormal value of four on the diagnostic 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in obese women.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective study of nulliparous women in eight geographic regions. Women with body mass index <30 kg/m2 and pregestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were excluded. Four groups were compared: (1) normal 50-g 1-hour glucose screen, (2) elevated 1-hour glucose screen with normal 100-g 3-hour diagnostic OGTT, (3) elevated 1-hour glucose screen and one of four abnormal values on 3-hour OGTT, and (4) GDM. Using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for covariates, the women in the groups with dysglycemia were compared with those in the normal screen group for maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Results Among 1,713 obese women, 1,418 (82.8%) had a normal 1-hour glucose screen, 125 (7.3%) had a normal 3-hour diagnostic OGTT, 72 (4.2%) had one abnormal value on their diagnostic OGTT, and 98 (5.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. The one abnormal value group had increased risk of large for gestational age (LGA) neonates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–3.82), cesarean delivery (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.34–3.58), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.32–3.63) compared with normal screens. The one abnormal value group also had an increased risk of preterm birth <37 weeks (aOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.43–4.84), neonatal respiratory support (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.23–4.60), and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08–3.71). There was no association between one abnormal value with shoulder dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia.
Conclusion For obese women, one abnormal value on the 3-hour OGTT confers increased perinatal adverse outcomes. These women should be studied further to determine if nutrition counseling and closer fetal monitoring improve outcomes even in the absence of a diagnosis of GDM.
Key Points
Effectiveness of 17-OHP for Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wylie Blair J. , Beam Andrew L. , Hakim Joe B. , Zhou Amy , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Hart Jessica M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHP) has been recommended by professional societies for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth, but subsequent clinical studies have reported conflicting efficacy results. This study aimed to contribute to the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of 17-OHP in clinical practice using real-world data.
Study Design A total of 4,422 individuals meeting inclusion criteria representing recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) were identified in a database of insurance claims, and 568 (12.8%) received 17-OHP. Crude and propensity score-matched recurrence rates and risk ratios (RRs) for the association of receiving 17-OHP on recurrent sPTB were calculated.
Results Raw sPTB recurrence rates were higher among those treated versus not treated; after propensity score matching, no association was detected (26.3 vs. 23.8%, RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.4).
Conclusion We failed to identify a beneficial effect of 17-OHP for the prevention of spontaneous recurrent preterm birth in our observational, U.S. based cohort.
Key Points
Decellularized Pulmonary Xenograft Matrix PplusN versus Cryopreserved Homograft for RVOT Reconstruction during Ross Procedure in Adults
Authors: Penov Kiril , Haugen Matz Andreas , Radakovic Dejan , Hamouda Khaled , Gorski Armin , Leyh Rainer , Bening Constanze 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Decellularized pulmonary homografts are being increasingly adopted for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in adult patients undergoing the Ross procedure. Few reports presented Matrix PplusN xenograft (Matrix) in a negative light. The objective of this study was to compare our midterm outcomes of Matrix xenograft versus standard cryopreserved pulmonary homograft (CPHG).
Methods Eighteen patients received Matrix xenograft between January 2012 and June 2016, whereas 66 patients received CPHG. Using nonparametric statistical tests and survival analysis, we compared midterm echocardiographic and clinical outcomes between the groups.
Results Except for significant age difference (the Matrix group was significantly older with 57 ± 8 years than the CPHG group, 48 ± 9 years, p = 0.02), the groups were similar in all other baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary bypass times (208.3 ± 32.1 vs. 202.8 ± 34.8) or in cross-clamp times (174 ± 33.9 vs. 184.4 ± 31.1) for Matrix and CPHG, respectively. The Matrix group had significantly inferior freedom from reintervention than the CPHG group with 77.8 versus 98.5% (p = 0.02). Freedom from pulmonary valve regurgitation ≥ 2 was not significantly different between the groups with 82.4 versus 90.5% for Matrix versus CPHG, respectively. After median follow-up of 4.9 years, Matrix xenograft developed significantly higher peak pressure gradients compared with CPHG (20.4 ± 15.5 vs. 12.2 ± 9.0 mm Hg; p = 0.04).
Conclusion After 5 years of clinical and echocardiographic follow-up, the decellularized Matrix xenograft had inferior freedom from reintervention compared with the standard CPHG. Closer follow-up is necessary to avoid progression of valve failure into right ventricular deterioration.
Mental Health of Siblings of Children with Rare Congenital Surgical Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boettcher Johannes , Nazarian Rojin , Fuerboeter Mareike , Liedtke Anna , Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of our society, particularly vulnerable groups, such as families with children suffering from rare diseases. However, the psychosocial influences of COVID-19 on the healthy siblings of children with rare diseases have not been investigated yet. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the mental health of healthy siblings of children with rare congenital surgical diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and methods Siblings of children with rare congenital surgical diseases were investigated cross-sectionally between April 2020 and April 2021. Data on mental health were collected using the parent-version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Results Out of 104 families, 81 (77.88%) participated in the survey. Healthy siblings presented with comparable levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties compared with population norms before the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with studies that surveyed child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of siblings in this study reported a significantly lower impairment rate. Psychosocial and disease-specific risk factors of the respective outcomes in healthy siblings were identified through regression analysis models.
Conclusion In general, health-care professionals should be aware of the possibility of siblings' mental health being at risk. Therefore, screening for psychosocial deficits may be essential in preventing psychiatric disorders in this population, especially during pandemics.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04382820 (registered April 8, 2020)
Psychology of Hair Loss Patients and Importance of Counseling
Authors: Dhami Lakshyajit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is highly prevalent in society, affecting both men and women. More than the sociological meaning of hair loss, it has become a very important part of self-identity or “body image.” A psychological concept of body image refers to one's thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behavioral changes related to one's physical looks. In spite of alopecia's common occurrence, it often leads to psychological disturbance and distress. Hair thinning and perceived hair loss also has a very important negative impact on the psyche of the individual. The common emotional aspects associated are self-consciousness, embarrassment, frustration, and jealousy. Knowledge of these effects among the clinicians managing hair loss patients is beneficial. The clinician must make an active effort to identify the borderline group of patients with body dysmorphic syndrome so as to manage them with psychotherapeutic medication for their hair loss prior to hair transplantation. This article aims to provide important information and an understanding of how the psychology gets affected due to hair loss, particularly AGA and its management to the practicing hair transplant surgeons.
How long should clinicians spend sampling the pharynx for gonorrhoea culture specimens?
Authors: Stuart Sarah , Richardson Daniel , Iwuji Collins , Soni Suneeta 
Published: December 2021

There are few data on the length of time clinicians should take sampling the pharynx to optimise the sensitivity of gonorrhoea culture specimens and we aimed to gain a consensus on sampling time. The estimated mean time clinicians reported that they spent sampling the pharynx for gonorrhoea culture specimens was 4.63 s (s.d. ± 2.04). There was no significant difference in sampling times between clinicians who had worked in sexual health for over and under 10 years, (4.7 (s.d. ±2.02) vs 4.6 (s.d. ± 2.3); P = 0.45). We are now using these findings to design an educational tool with the aim of improving pharyngeal gonorrhoea culture sensitivity.