bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on the influence of modal nonlinearities of paintings under mechanical loads
Authors: Gao Yulong , Ziegler Pascal , Heinemann Carolin , Hartlieb Eva , Eberhard Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the traditional transportation of paintings and the design of the packaging systems, paintings are usually assumed to behave like a linear system. In order to verify this hypothesis, in this contribution, by means of a hammer experiment and a sweep excitation experiment to simulate the shock and vibration during transportation, respectively, the modal nonlinearities of two real paintings and a dummy painting are experimentally studied. The experimental results show that paintings can be treated as a linear system only when being subjected to shock, but the modal nonlinearities of paintings cannot be ignored when being subjected to vibration. The general behaviour of the paintings modal nonlinearities is then summarised based on experimental results, and their consequences for painting transportation are discussed. First of all, the offset of the resonance frequency is the most important problem which will lead to failure of the original vibration isolation measures. Further, the decrease in the resonance peak amplitude will increase the probability of the eigenmode being excited. Besides, it is also necessary to attenuate the harmonic vibrations of paintings. Lastly, the different modal characteristics obtained by a sweep with increasing and decreasing frequency make the analysis of different excitation schemes more complicated. Therefore, the identification of the paintings modal nonlinearities is necessary and important.
Effect of rapid weight loss incorporating hot salt water immersion on changes in body mass, blood markers, and indices of performance in male mixed martial arts athletes
Authors: Connor John , Germaine Mark , Gibson Conor , Clarke Philip , Egan Brendan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of rapid weight loss (RWL), incorporating comparison of hot water immersion (HWI) in fresh or salt water, on changes in body mass, blood markers, and indices of performance in mixed martial arts athletes.

Methods
In a crossover design comparing fresh water (FWB) to salt water (SWB; 5.0%wt/vol Epsom salt) bathing, 13 males performed 20 min of HWI (~ 40.3 °C) followed by 40 min wrapped in a heated blanket, twice in sequence (2 h total). Before bathing, ~ 26 to ~ 28 h of fluid and dietary restriction was undertaken, and ~ 24 to ~ 26 h of a high carbohydrate diet and rehydration was undertaken as recovery.

Results
During the entire RWL process, participants lost ~ 5.3% body mass. Body mass lost during the 2 h hot bath protocol was 2.17 ± 0.81 kg (~ 2.7% body mass) and 2.24 ± 0.64 kg (~ 2.8% body mass) for FWB and SWB, respectively (P = 0.647 between trials). Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, chloride, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased (all P < 0.05), and plasma volume was decreased (~ 14%; P < 0.01), but did not differ between FWB and SWB, and were similar to baseline values after recovery. No indices of performance (e.g., countermovement jump, isometric strength, and functional threshold power) were impacted when RWL was followed by the recovery process.

Conclusion
Under the conditions of this hot bath protocol, fluid loss was not augmented by the addition of ~ 5.0%wt/vol of Epsom salt during HWI, and RWL of ~ 5.3% body mass followed by > 24 h of recovery did not impact indices of performance.
Peridynamic Galerkin method: an attractive alternative to finite elements
Authors: Bode T. , Weißenfels C. , Wriggers P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work presents a meshfree particle scheme designed for arbitrary deformations that possess the accuracy and properties of the Finite-Element-Method. The accuracy is maintained even with arbitrary particle distributions. Mesh-based methods mostly fail if requirements on the location of evaluation points are not satisfied. Hence, with this new scheme not only the range of loadings can be increased but also the pre-processing step can be facilitated compared to the FEM. The key to this new meshfree method lies in the fulfillment of essential requirements for spatial discretization schemes. The new approach is based on the correspondence theory of Peridynamics. Some modifications of this framework allows for a consistent and stable formulation. By applying the peridynamic differentiation concept, it is also shown that the equations of the correspondence theory can be derived from the weak form. Likewise, it is demonstrated that special moving least square shape functions possess the Kronecker-$$\delta $$
δ
property. Thus, Dirichlet boundary conditions can be directly applied. The positive performance of this new meshfree method, especially in comparison to the Finite-Element-Method, is shown in the calculation of several test cases. In order to guarantee a fair comparison enhanced finite element formulations are also used. The test cases include the patch test, an eigenmode analysis as well as the investigation of loadings in the context of large deformations.
Streamflow modelling and forecasting for Canadian watersheds using LSTM networks with attention mechanism
Authors: Girihagama Lakshika , Naveed Khaliq Muhammad , Lamontagne Philippe , Perdikaris John , Roy René , Sushama Laxmi , Elshorbagy Amin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the capability of sequence-to-sequence machine learning (ML) architectures in an effort to develop streamflow forecasting tools for Canadian watersheds. Such tools are useful to inform local and region-specific water management and flood forecasting related activities. Two powerful deep-learning variants of the Recurrent Neural Network were investigated, namely the standard and attention-based encoder-decoder long short-term memory (LSTM) models. Both models were forced with past hydro-meteorological states and daily meteorological data with a look-back time window of several days. These models were tested for 10 different watersheds from the Ottawa River watershed, located within the Great Lakes Saint-Lawrence region of Canada, an economic powerhouse of the country. The results of training and testing phases suggest that both models are able to simulate overall hydrograph patterns well when compared to observational records. Between the two models, the attention model significantly outperforms the standard model in all watersheds, suggesting the importance and usefulness of the attention mechanism in ML architectures, not well explored for hydrological applications. The mean performance accuracy of the attention model on unseen data, when assessed in terms of mean Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency and Kling-Gupta Efficiency is, respectively, found to be 0.985 and 0.954 for these watersheds. Streamflow forecasts with lead times of up to 5 days with the attention model demonstrate overall skillful performance with well above the benchmark accuracy of 70%. The results of the study suggest that the encoder–decoder LSTM, with attention mechanism, is a powerful modelling choice for developing streamflow forecasting systems for Canadian watersheds.
Instant-Hybrid Neural-Cryptography (IHNC) based on fast machine learning
Authors: Badr Assem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNowadays, cryptographic systems’ designers are facing significant challenges in their designs. They have to constantly search for new ideas of fast unbreakable algorithms with a very powerful key generator. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid neural-cryptography methodology. It depends on new rule of very fast Backpropagation (BP) instant machine learning (ML). This proposed Hybrid Cryptography system is constructed from Encryptor and Decryptor based on the asymmetric Autoencoder type. The Encryptor encrypts and compresses a set of data to be instant code (i-code) using public key. While the Decryptor recovers this i-code (ciphered-data) based on two keys together. The first is the private key and the other is called instant-key (i-key). This i-key is generated from 3 factors as well (the original data itself, the generated i-code and the private key). The i-key is changing periodically with every transformation of plain data set, so it is powerful unpredictable key against the brute force.
Atypical patterns of spinal segment degeneration in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Farshad-Amacker Nadja A. , Farshad Mazda , Galley Julien , Sutter Reto , Götschi Tobias , Pfammatter Thomas , Puippe Gilbert , Muehlematter Urs J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) affect the vascular perfusion of the lumbar spine. The treatment of AAAs with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) completely occludes the direct vascular supply to the lumbar spine. We hypothesized that patients with AAA who undergo EVAR show a different pattern of spinal degeneration than individuals without AAA.

Methods
In this retrospective institutional review board-approved study, 100 randomly selected patients with AAA who underwent EVAR with computed tomography (CT) scans between 2005 and 2017 were compared with age- and gender-matched controls without AAA. In addition, long-term follow-up CT images (> 6 months before EVAR, at the time of EVAR, and > 12 months after EVAR) of the patients were analysed to compare the progression of degeneration from before to after EVAR. Degeneration scores, lumbar levels with the most severe degeneration, and lumbar levels with progressive degeneration were analysed in all CT images. Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for statistical analyses.

Results
Compared with the control group (n = 94), the most severe degeneration was more commonly detected in the mid-lumbar area in the patient group (n = 100, p = 0.016), with significantly more endplate erosions being detected in the lumbar spine (p = 0.015). However, EVAR did not result in significant additional acceleration of the degenerative process in the long-term follow-up analysis (n = 51).

Conclusion
AAA is associated with atypical, more cranially located spinal degradation, particularly in the mid-lumbar segments; however, EVAR does not seem to additionally accelerate the degenerative process. This observation underlines the importance of disc and endplate vascularization in the pathomechanism of spinal degeneration.

Level of evidence I
Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Should the global community welcome new oil discoveries?
Authors: Bialek Sylwia , Weichenrieder Alfons J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOil discoveries affect global well-being through multiple channels. Focusing on the change in pollution, consumption and extraction cost paths, we build a multi-period model with (endogenous) oil phase out that allows us to assess whether oil windfalls may be welfare-enhancing. The assessment depends on the quality of the discovered resource, expressed as the extraction cost. Our findings suggest that even when faced with high environmental externalities and no internalization mechanism for them, new oil finds can be conducive to welfare. However, there may be no simple threshold below which the discovery is beneficial, but rather multiple intervals into which the extraction costs may fall.
Herb assemblage dynamics over seven years in different cocoa production systems
Authors: Marconi Luis , Seidel Renate , Armengot Laura 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth agronomic practices and spatial position can determine the assemblage of herbaceous species. We assess the dynamics and the contribution of these two aspects over time to the herb assemblages of different cocoa production systems. Braun-Blanquet surveys were performed over seven years in a long-term trial in Bolivia to compare different cocoa production systems: successional agroforestry (SA) with no external inputs, organic agroforestry (OA) and organic monoculture (OM), both including a leguminous perennial cover crop, conventional agroforestry (CA) and conventional monoculture (CM), where agrochemicals were applied. Using general linear models and multivariate analysis we found that assemblages were mainly driven by spatial position only at the beginning. After this, a very dynamic selection process related to the different management practices took place, which became more stable over the years. We observed a decline in species in both the CA and OA systems, due to the loss of heliophilous species and the low number of new species established in them. The OM presented the most conservative pattern, with the lowest number of new species and species lost, due to the presence of the cover crop. Both the most intensively managed system (CM) and the most diverse and least intensive one (SA) had the highest number of new species recorded over time, which led to highly specialized assemblages, with worldwide distributed and herbicide resistant species in the first case and secondary forest species, in the second. We conclude that the promotion of organic management and agroforestry systems, especially highly divers and successional agroforestry sytems would favour herb assemblages with high conservation value and prevent the establishment of globally distributed species.
A review of megatrends in the global dairy sector: what are the socioecological implications?
Authors: Bojovic Milena , McGregor Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global dairy industry is undergoing a period of expansion and consolidation, alongside heightened critique and competition from non-dairy alternatives. This review identifies four key megatrends within the global dairy sector, focusing in on the socioecological challenges associated with each. The megatrends were identified through a literature review of recent publications within the dairy science and social science fields, as well as a review of grey literature from intergovernmental and institutional reports. Key findings include geographical range shifts in production and consumption of dairy milk from the Global North to the Global South; intensification of production agendas that strive for mechanisation, standardisation, and corporatisation of the sector; increasing awareness of the ecological impacts of intensive dairying; and finally, disruptions to the sector driven by plant-based milks and, potentially, synthetic milks. We identify under-researched socioecological challenges associated with each of these trends. Although dairy milk may be homogenous in its final form, the sector remains heterogenous in its impacts across spaces, places, and scales, as increasingly intensive dairying systems fundamentally reshape human–cattle relations. The combined impacts of these trends bring into question the mythologies of milk and the assumed desirability of ever-expanding dairy industries. Our review finds that the future of dairy is not clear nor uncontroversial and that more attention needs to be directed to maximising and broadening the social benefits of the dairy and dairy alternatives, minimising the human and non-human costs, and limiting contributions to global climate change.
On the complexity of rational verification
Authors: Gutierrez Julian , Najib Muhammad , Perelli Giuseppe , Wooldridge Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRational verification refers to the problem of checking which temporal logic properties hold of a concurrent/multiagent system, under the assumption that agents in the system choose strategies that form a game theoretic equilibrium. Rational verification can be understood as a counterpart to model checking for multiagent systems, but while classical model checking can be done in polynomial time for some temporal logic specification languages such as , and polynomial space with specifications, rational verification is much harder: the key decision problems for rational verification are 2-complete with specifications, even when using explicit-state system representations. Against this background, our contributions in this paper are threefold. First, we show that the complexity of rational verification can be greatly reduced by restricting specifications to , a fragment of that can represent a broad and practically useful class of response properties of reactive systems. In particular, we show that for a number of relevant settings, rational verification can be done in polynomial space and even in polynomial time. Second, we provide improved complexity results for rational verification when considering players’ goals given by mean-payoff utility functions—arguably the most widely used approach for quantitative objectives in concurrent and multiagent systems. Finally, we consider the problem of computing outcomes that satisfy social welfare constraints. To this end, we consider both utilitarian and egalitarian social welfare and show that computing such outcomes is either -complete or -complete.
A Qualitative Examination of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals with Neuro-developmental Disabilities and their Families
Authors: Nicholas David B. , Mitchell Wendy , Ciesielski Jill , Khan Arisha , Lach Lucyna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndividuals with neuro-developmental disabilities (NDD) have been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on focus groups with 24 service providers supporting this population, using an Interpretive Description approach, we examined perceived impacts of the pandemic on individuals with NDD and their families. The results highlight pandemic-related experiences which include: service reduction, the need for financial supports, relying on natural supports, and school-related challenges. Interruptions in services have resulted in intensified mental health issues for individuals with NDD and family caregivers, with particular concern for those with added social determinants of health-related barriers. Mitigating factors have also emerged, such as resilience and technology utilization to facilitate communication. Recommendations for resource flexibility and sufficiency as well as navigational support are offered.
Getting policy done in educational practice: What happens when multiple central government policies meet clusters of organization routines in schools
Authors: Waslander Sietske , Hooge Edith H. , Theisens Henno C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a new, broader, and more realistic lens to study (lacking) linkages between government policy and school practices. Drawing on recent work in organization theory, we advance notions on cluster of organization routines and the logic of complementarities underlying organizational change. This lens allows looking at how schools do (not) change a cluster of organization routines in response to multiple, simultaneous demands posed by government policies. Thirteen purposively selected Dutch secondary schools responding to three central government policies calling for concurrent change were analyzed, taking the schedule of a school as an exemplary case of a cluster of organization routines. Five distinct responses were distinguished, which can be sorted according to their impact on the whole organization. The study finds that ten of the thirteen schools did not change anything in response to at least one of the three policies we studied. However, all schools changed their cluster of organization routines, which impacted the whole organization in response to at least one of the three government policies. Therefore, looking at combinations of responses and considering the impact of change on school organizations qualifies ideas about schools being resistant to policy or unwilling to change and improve.
Control of Unfair Terms Under Cypriot Contract Law
Authors: Mouttotos Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe introduction of the EU Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive in the legal system of Cyprus was the first instrument specifically dealing with the problems that arise with standard form contracts and the issue of consent. However, the Directive only generated caselaw approximately twenty years after its adoption, whereas the principle-based approach of the test for unfairness (significant imbalance test and good faith requirement) was interpreted in the common law notion of absence of dishonesty. Hence, Cypriot courts interpreted good faith as “honesty in fact”. Under this interpretation, it seems that both procedural and substantive unfairness are not captured under the test. It is understood that whereas the statute codifying the contract law of Cyprus has incorporated the [civil law] will theory of contracts, no tools for the invalidation and scrutiny of terms that may be deemed unfair were provided. The statute placed considerable emphasis on procedural fairness, however, Cypriot courts seemed unwilling to adapt their approach and deal with the problems that standard form contracting poses, failing also to follow the developments in the UK. Thus, even after the adoption of EU consumer law directives, Cypriot courts show an unwillingness to scrutinize the parties’ initial allocation of risk, even though such allocation was done in a standardized manner by one party. Despite the mixed character of the legal system, consumer law directives and the introduction of content control can be seen as legal irritants.
High order direct parametrisation of invariant manifolds for model order reduction of finite element structures: application to large amplitude vibrations and uncovering of a folding point
Authors: Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Opreni Andrea , Salles Loïc , Frangi Attilio , Touzé Cyril 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates model-order reduction methods for geometrically nonlinear structures. The parametrisation method of invariant manifolds is used and adapted to the case of mechanical systems in oscillatory form expressed in the physical basis, so that the technique is directly applicable to mechanical problems discretised by the finite element method. Two nonlinear mappings, respectively related to displacement and velocity, are introduced, and the link between the two is made explicit at arbitrary order of expansion, under the assumption that the damping matrix is diagonalised by the conservative linear eigenvectors. The same development is performed on the reduced-order dynamics which is computed at generic order following different styles of parametrisation. More specifically, three different styles are introduced and commented: the graph style, the complex normal form style and the real normal form style. These developments allow making better connections with earlier works using these parametrisation methods. The technique is then applied to three different examples. A clamped-clamped arch with increasing curvature is first used to show an example of a system with a softening behaviour turning to hardening at larger amplitudes, which can be replicated with a single mode reduction. Secondly, the case of a cantilever beam is investigated. It is shown that invariant manifold of the first mode shows a folding point at large amplitudes. This exemplifies the failure of the graph style due to the folding point on a real structure, whereas the normal form style is able to pass over the folding. Finally, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) micromirror undergoing large rotations is used to show the importance of using high-order expansions on an industrial example.