bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Routine Car Seat Screening and Subsequent Health Care Utilization
Authors: Harrison Wade N. , Ritter Victor S. , Flower Kori B. , Seashore Carl J. , McLaurin-Jiang Skyler 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends preterm newborns undergo car seat tolerance screening (CSTS) before discharge despite limited evidence supporting the practice. We examined subsequent health care utilization in screened and unscreened late preterm and low birth weight newborns.METHODSThis observational study included late preterm (34–36 weeks) and term low birth weight (&lt;2268 g) newborns born between 2014 and 2018 at 4 hospitals with policies recommending CSTS for these infants. Birth hospitalization length of stay (LOS) in addition to 30-day hospital revisits and brief resolving unexplained events were examined. Unadjusted and adjusted rates were compared among 3 groups: not screened, pass, and fail.RESULTSOf 5222 newborns, 3163 (61%) were discharged from the nursery and 2059 (39%) from the NICU or floor. Screening adherence was 91%, and 379 of 4728 (8%) screened newborns failed the initial screen. Compared with unscreened newborns, adjusted LOS was similar for newborns who passed the CSTS (+5.1 hours; -2.2–12.3) but significantly longer for those who failed (+16.1; 5.6–26.7). This differed by screening location: nursery = +12.6 (9.1–16.2) versus NICU/floor = +71.2 (28.3–114.1) hours. Hospital revisits did not significantly differ by group: not screened = 7.3% (reference), pass = 5.2% (aOR 0.79; 0.44–1.42), fail = 4.4% (aOR 0.65; 0.28–1.51).CONCLUSIONSHospital adherence to CSTS recommendations was high, and failed screens were relatively common. Routine CSTS was not associated with reduced health care utilization and may prolong hospital LOS, particularly in the NICU/floor. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate this routine practice for otherwise low-risk infants.
Prediciendo el crimen en ciudades intermedias: un modelo de “machine learning” en Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Gelvez Ferreira Juan David , Nieto-Rodríguez María-Paula , Rocha-Ruiz Carlos-Andrés 
Published: October 2022

El uso de tecnología para prevenir el crimen es una práctica cada vez más frecuente. Sin embargo, la evidencia se ha concentrado en ciudades principales, que cuentan con gran cantidad de datos y mejores capacidades locales. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar los resultados de un modelo de “machine learning” para predecir el delito en Bucaramanga, una ciudad intermedia de Colombia. Se utilizó el procesamiento de señales para grafos y una adaptación al caso del modelo de vectorización de texto TF-IDF. Se identificó que los mejores resultados en la predicción del crimen se dieron con modelos espaciales de grafos por semanas. Además, encontramos evidencia de que existen diversas dificultades de predicción, en dependencia de la periodicidad del modelo. La mejor opción posible (con los datos disponibles) es una periodicidad semanal. El mejor modelo encontrado es un KNN de clasificación, que alcanza un 59 % de exhaustividad(recall) y más de 60 % de exactitud (accuracy.). Concluimosque los modelos de predicción del delito constituyen una herramienta útil para construir estrategias de prevención en ciudades principales; sin embargo, existen limitaciones para su aplicación en ciudades intermedias, que cuentan con poca información.
Abstract
The use of technology to prevent and respond to citizen security challenges is increasingly frequent. However, empirical evidence has been concentrated in major cities with large amounts of data and local authorities' strong capacities. Therefore, this investigation aims to capture a series of policy recommendations based on a machine learning crime prediction model in an intermediate city in Colombia, Bucaramanga (department of Santander). The model used signal processing for graphs and an adaptation of the TF-IDF text vectorization model to the space-time case, for each of the cities’ neighborhoods. The results show that the best crime prediction outcomes were obtained when using the models with spatial relationships of graphs by weeks. Evidence of the difficulty in predictions based on the periodicity of the model is found. The best possible prediction (with available data) is weekly prediction. In addition, the best model found was a KNN classification model, reaching 59 % of recall and more than 60 % of accuracy. We concluded that crime prediction models are a helpful tool for constructing prevention strategies in major cities; however, there are limitations to its application in intermediate cities and rural areas in Colombia, which have little statistical information and few technical capabilities.
Bottom-Up Strategy in Teaching Listening for Academic Purposes for EFL in Pesantren-Based University
Authors: Fachriza Aries , Mafruudloh Naajihah , Dipta Dinar , Virgiyanti Diska Fatima , Nuraini Eka Indah , Nadifa Eta Lica Hanan 
Published: October 2022

Receiving information begins with listening. EFL learners at universities should master listening for academic purposes with appropriate strategies. This article examined the strength of the bottom-up strategy in teaching listening for the academic purpose of the third-semester female students in the Department of English Language Education, the University of Darussalam Gontor, which is a pesantren -based university. This research utilized a quasi-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The participants involved 14 who were regarded in English language teaching. They were tested by pre-and post-treatment listening for academic purposes. The data were analyzed by paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant inequality between the mean score of the pre-test and post-test. The mean score of the post-test of learners was improved than theirs in the pre-test. Thus, the female learners in this research achieved well in promoting teaching listening for academic purposes after being treated using a bottom-up strategy.
Globalization and the Paradigm of Islamic Law Implementation in Aceh
Authors: Murdani Danial 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to identify and describe the global challenges that have influenced the Islamic law implementation in Aceh. Further, this article analyses Aceh's Islamic sharia law implementation paradigm based on these global challenges. This article is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach. The study found that the challenges of globalization that influenced the Islamic sharia law implementation in Aceh have multi-dimension issues. Those multi-dimension issues are privatization of religion, a decrease in family relationships, demographic revolution, the emergence of an artificial environment, the threat of species extinction and dangers to the climate and tropical forests, the emergence of new moral standards, appearance of innovations such as synthetic food, crime-based technology, knowledge-based education, and other disasters. Based on these global challenges, the Islamic sharia law implementation in Aceh needs a new paradigm. A new paradigm has to be connected with values, problems, and responsive and anticipative methods of Islamic sharia implementation. Implementing Islamic values constitutes the mission of protecting human rights, including protecting religion, life, property, generation, reason, honor, and the environment.
Keywords: Globalization, Islamic Sharia, Islamic law implementation in Aceh
Modeling tuberculosis transmission flow in China
Authors: Wang Li , xu Chengdong , Hu Maogui , Wang Jinfeng , Qiao Jiajun , Chen Wei , Zhu Qiankun , Wang Zhipeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: China has the third largest number of TB cases in the world, and the average annual floating population in China is more than 200 million, the increasing floating population across regions has a tremendous potential for spreading infectious diseases, however, the role of increasing massive floating population in tuberculosis transmission is yet unclear in China.
Methods: 14,027 tuberculosis flow data were derived from the new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in China. Spatial interaction model was used to model the tuberculosis flow and the regional socioeconomic factors.
Results: Tuberculosis transmission flow presented spatial heterogeneity. The Pearl River Delta in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta along China’s east coast presented as the largest destination and concentration areas of tuberculosis inflows. Socioeconomic factors were determinants of tuberculosis flow. Some impact factors showed different spatial associations with tuberculosis transmission flow. A 10% increase in per capita GDP was associated with 2.1% decrease in tuberculosis outflows from the provinces of origin, and 0.5% increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations and 18.9% increase in intraprovincial flow. Per capita net income of rural households and per capita disposable income of urban households were positively associated with tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in per capita net income corresponded to 3.6% increase in outflows from the origin, 12.8% increase in inflows to the destinations and 47.9% increase in intraprovincial flows. Tuberculosis incidence had positive impacts on tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in the number of tuberculosis cases corresponded to 1.1% increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations, 2.0% increase in outflows from the origins, and 2.2% increase in intraprovincial flows.
Conclusions: Tuberculosis flows had clear spatial stratified heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation, regional socio-economic characteristics had diverse and statistical significant effects on tuberculosis flows in the origin and destination, and income factor played an important role among the determinants.
Very low incidence of HIV-infection and decreasing incidence of sexually transmitted infections among PrEP users in 2020 after introduction of coverage by health insurance in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Kollan Christian , Bartmeyer Barbara , Bremer Viviane , Schikowski Tim , Friebe Martin , Schellberg Sven , Scholten Stefan , Bickel Markus , Hanhoff Nikola , Rüsenberg Robin , Schewe Knud , group NEPOS study 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
IntroductionObjectives of this study, as part of a nation-wide HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) evaluation project, were to determine the incidence of infections with HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis A/B/C in persons using PrEP, and to describe the health care funded PrEP use in Germany. Additionally, factors associated with chlamydia/gonorrhea and syphilis infections were assessed.MethodsAnonymous data of PrEP users were collected at 47 HIV-specialty centers from 09/2019-12/2020. Incidence rates were calculated per 100 person years (py). Using longitudinal mixed models, we analyzed risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Results4620 PrEP users were included: 99.2% male, median age 38 years (IQR 32-45), 98.6% men who have sex with men (MSM). The median duration of observation was 451 days (IQR 357-488), totaling 5132 py.Four HIV infections were diagnosed, incidence rate 0,078/100py (95% CI 0.029-0.208). For two suboptimal adherence was reported and in the third case suboptimal adherence and resistance to emtricitabine was observed. One infection was likely acquired before PrEP start.Incidence rates were 21.6/100py for chlamydia, 23.7/100py for gonorrhea, 10.1/100py for syphilis and 55.4/100py for any STI and decreased significantly during the observation period. 65.5% of syphilis, 55.6% of chlamydia and 50.1% of gonorrhea cases were detected by screening of asymptomatic individuals. In a multivariable analysis among MSM younger age, PrEP start before health insurance coverage and daily PrEP were associated with greater risk for chlamydia/gonorrhea. Symptom triggered testing and a history of STI were associated with a higher risk for chlamydia/gonorrhea and syphilis. A significantly lower risk for chlamydia/gonorrhea and syphilis was found for observations during the covid-19 pandemic period.ConclusionsWe found that HIV-PrEP is almost exclusively used by MSM in Germany. A very low incidence of HIV-infection and decreasing incidence rates of STIs were found in this cohort of PrEP users. The results were influenced by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rollout of PrEP covered by health insurance should be continued to prevent HIV infections. Increased PrEP availability to people at risk of HIV infection through the elimination of barriers requires further attention. Investigation and monitoring with a longer follow-up would be of value.
Absence of microbiome triggers extensive changes in the transcriptional profile of Hermetia illucens during larval ontology
Authors: Auger Laurence , Bouslama Sidki , Deschamps Marie-Hélène , Vandenberg Grant , Derome Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSF, Hermetia illucens) have gained much attention for their industrial use as biowaste recyclers and as a new source of animal proteins. The functional effect that microbiota has on insect health and growth performance remains largely unknown. This study clarifies the role of microbiota in BSF ontogeny by investigating the differential genomic expression of BSF larvae in axenic conditions (i.e., germfree) relative to non-axenic (conventional) conditions. We used RNA-seq to measure differentially expressed transcripts between axenic and conventional condition using DESeq2 at day 4, 12 and 20 post-hatching. Gene expression was significantly up or down-regulated for 2476 transcripts mapped in gene ontology functions, and axenic larvae exhibited higher rate of down-regulated functions. Up-regulated microbiota-dependant transcriptional gene modules included the immune system, the lipid metabolism, and the nervous system. Expression profile showed a shift in late larvae (day 12 and 20), exposing a significant temporal effect on gene expression. These results provide the first evidence of host functional genes regulated by microbiota in the BSF larva, further demonstrating the importance of host-microbiota interactions on host ontology and health. These results open the door to optimization of zootechnical properties in alternative animal protein production, biowaste revalorization and recycling.
Volatiles from the endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. T6 confer Verticillium resistance in cotton
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wang Yu , Lei Shengwei , Zhang Hongxin , Liu Ziyang , Yang Jianwei , Niu Qiuhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, leads to significant losses in cotton yield worldwide. Biocontrol management is a promising way to suppress verticillium wilt. The purpose of the study is to obtain and analyze the endophytic bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistant activities from the root of the cotton Gossypium barbadense ‘Xinhai15’ and to explore the interactions between soil and plants.
Results: An endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. T6 was obtained from the Verticillium wilt-resistant cotton Gossypium barbadense ‘Xinhai15’, which showed significant antagonistic abilities against cotton Verticillium wilt. The bioassay results showed that the strain possessed strong antagonistic abilities that inhibited V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth without contact, and thus, it was speculated that the active factor of the bacteria might be volatile compounds. A total of 46 volatile substances were detected via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The pure product verification experiment confirmed that the styrene produced by the TW11 strain was the main virulence factor. Transcriptome analysis showed that following styrene induction, 247 genes in V. dahliae, including four hydrolase genes, eight dehydrogenase genes, 11 reductase genes, 17 genes related to transport and transfer were upregulated. Additionally, 72 genes, including two chitinase genes, two protease genes, five transport-related genes, and 33 hypothetical protein genes, were downregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR results confirmed that the expression of the four genes VDAG_02838, VDAG_09554, VDAG_045572, and VDAG_08251 was increased by 3.18, 78.83, 2.71, and 2.92 times, respectively, compared with the uninduced control group.
Conclusions: The research provides a new reference for the development and application of the volatile compounds of endophytic bacteria as new biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products.
New Tetracyclic Systems Integrated Thienopyridine Scaffold As An Anti-Dementia Lead: In Silico Study And Biological Screening
Authors: Mahmoud Zeinab , Mohamed Lamia W. , Mohamed Khaled O. , Sayed Hadeer S. , Fattah May A. Abd El , El-Malah Afaf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial incurable neurodegenerative disorder. To date, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) are the mainstay line of treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of AD. Tacrine and donepezil are considered two important cornerstones as anti-dementia drugs with potent inhibitory effects. Accordingly, novel series of hexahydrobenzo-thienocyclopentapyridines, octahydrobenzo-thienoquinolines, hexahydrocyclopenta-(thienoquinoline/thienodipyridine) and octahydropyrido-thienoquinolines were efficiently synthesized from readily available reagents e.g. cyclohexanones, cyclopentanone, and 1-methylpiperidin-4-one to afford fourteen new compounds. All new compounds were screened against their acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-amyloid protein inhibition. In acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, compound 3,7-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octahydrobenzo[4, 5]thieno[2,3-b]quinolin-11-amine (2h) showed IC50 value 9.24 ± 0.01 µM x10− 2 excelling tacrine itself. Compound 1,7-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octahydrobenzo[4, 5]thieno[2,3-b]quinolin-11-amine (2e) possessed excellent IC50 values 0.58 ± 0.02 µM x10− 2 and 0.51 ± 0.001 µM x10− 4 for both the butyrylcholinesterase and β-amyloid protein inhibition assays, sequentially. In silico ADME studies were investigated for the promising members (octahydrobenzo-thienoquinolines 2c, 2d, 2e, 2h, 2i, and octahydropyrido-thienoquinolines 4e) and all the results were illustrated. A comparative docking study was conducted between the promising members and both tacrine and donepezil in both acetyl and butyryl choline active sites. The results revealed extra binding patterns and good agreement with the biological results.
A ten-gene retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid complex diagnosis signature for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Li Heyan , Dong Li , Zhou Wen Da , Wu Haotian , Li Yi-Fan , Zhang Ruiheng , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease in the elderly with a prominent genetic basis. This study aimed to apply machine learning method to develop a novel diagnostic model for AMD based on gene biomarkers in RPE/choroid complex, which may be potential therapeutic targets.
Methods: We collected RPE/choroid tissue gene expression profiles of AMD and normal patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as training and validation cohorts. After differential expression analysis and the selection of gene biomarkers by random forest algorithms, selected genes were applied to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression to construct a diagnostic model in the training cohort. The diagnostic ability of the model was further tested in the validation cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune cell assessment were also conducted for further analyses.
Results：A noval diagnostic model based on ten genes (BMPR2, CNOT3, CRLF1, FXYD6, HRASLS5, KRTDAP, NUDT16L1, PI16, PLAGL1, SART1) was constructed in the training cohort. The AUC in the training cohort reached 0.908 (95% CI: 0.823-0.975), while it remained 0.809 (95% CI: 0.522-0.889) in the validation cohort. According to the GSEA analysis, glutathione metabolism and phototransduction pathway are the two shared enriched pathways in the training and validation cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis and immune cell evaluation demonstrated that AMD was significantly correlated with both adaptive and innate immune cells, and the levels of neutrophil in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group in both training and validation datasets
Conclusion: We identified and validated a novel ten-gene-based diagnostic model with high accuracy for AMD. The current study provided a promising tool to be used as a precise and cost-effective non-invasive test in clinical practice.
Measuring Vulnerability to Assess Households Resilience to Flood Risks in Karonga District, Malawi
Authors: Mwalwimba Isaac Kadono , Manda Mtafu Zeleza , Ngongondo Cosmo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Many parts of Malawi are prone to natural hazards with varying degrees of risk and vulnerability. This study aimed to quantify vulnerability of the households to flood risks in Karonga District in northern Malawi, specifically in Group Village Headman (GVH) Matani Mwakasangila of Traditional Authority Kilupula. The study used cross-sectional survey and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. This study applied Flood Vulnerability Index and statistical methods to quantify and analyse vulnerability of households in the aspect of exposure, susceptibility and resilience characteristics. Proportional Odds Model also known as Ordered Logistic Regression was used to identify factors that determine vulnerability of households to flood risks. The results show that households headed by females and elders of age (at least 61 years) were the most vulnerable to flood disasters. Households with houses built of mud, thatched and very old with no protective wall were more and most vulnerable to flood disaster in the area. The model also was used to model vulnerability in the respect of exposure, susceptibility and resilience of households to floods. The level of vulnerability was increasing with an increase in the number of households exposed and susceptible to floods. With an increase in resilience to flood disasters, vulnerability level was decreasing. Post analysis was also considered to have predictive margins of vulnerability levels among the villages in GVH Matani Mwakasangila. The likelihoods of vulnerability levels were not significantly different among the villages. However, villages with more exposed, susceptible and not resilience households were most vulnerable to floods in GVH Matani. Therefore, this study recommends that indigenous people and most vulnerable (women and elders) should be included in both Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) planning and implementation. Their representation should also play a major role, including leadership in national DRR arrangement as a way of increasing resilience to flood disasters.