bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of SumithionR as a Protectant for Dried Fruits and Tree Nuts
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insects were reared and tested at 26.7±1°C and 60% RH. Thompson variety raisins were treated with SumithionR by placing calculated (wt/wt) concentrations diluted in 5 ml of tap water into 0.5 kg lots of field-run raisins in 3.8 liter glass jars and tumbling the jars at 30 rpm for 30 min. Control raisins had 5 ml of tap water placed thereon. After the sealed jars had been held for 1 day or for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo., they were opened, and lots of 50 g raisins were placed in a 500 ml paper container with 25 0- to 2- week old adults of a species. The test was replicated 10 times for each concentration. Mortality was determined after 45 days.
Blatticides for Cockroach Control, 1977
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in 74.3-m2 (800-ft2) apartments in a complex of several two-story stucco buildings, each with 7-10 living units. Pre- and posttreatment infestation levels were determined by trapping in each apartment with two 0.95-liter, wide-mouth jars baited with a slice of fresh white bread. Each trap contained ca. 30 g powdered dry clay (Olancha) to capture and kill cockroaches attracted to the bread. A trap was placed behind or next to the stove or refrigerator. Both traps were left in place 7 days. The contents of the traps were screened (20 mesh) and counted. Apartments were trapped 1 wk before treatments were applied and periodically up to 12 wks posttreatment. The degree of control was based on comparisons of trap catches before and after treatment (Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test). Approximately 0.9 liter (1 qt) finish spray/apt. was applied to runoff from a 3.9-liter (1-gal) B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Co. Multeejet fan nozzle (No. 800067). Dilute synergized pyrethrins in petroleum solvent (1 sec. spray/cabinet = ca. 62 g spray/apt.) applied from pressurized cans were used in some apartments as a flushing agent 20 min after test sprays were applied.
Chickens, Evaluation of SD 43775 Water Dispersible Liquid for the Control of Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (C&F) on Cage Layers, 1977
Authors: Combs Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chickens (200) with a heavy infestation of northern fowl mite were individually selected from a cage-layer house at Starkville, Mississippi. Population determination for initial selection and for rating throughout the test was scored on parting of the feathers in 3 areas below the vent. Scoring system used was: 0 = no mites, L = less than 10 mites, M = more than 10 mites, and H = mites too numerous to count. Scores were recorded for each bird at time of selecting birds, 1 week later, 1 day pre-treatment, 1 and 3 days posttreatment, and at weekly intervals for 9 weeks posttreatment. Three groups were treated with a 10% water dispersible liquid formulation of SD 43775. Group A (44 birds) a concentration of 0.0125% (a.i.), group B (43 birds) a concentration of 0.025% (a.i.), and group C (43 birds) was treated with a concentration of 0.05% (a.i.). Group D (41 birds) was treated with a concentration of 0.5% (a.i.) of 80% carbaryl WP.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1977
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied dilute with a Bean, 35 gallon per minute sprayer operating at 540 psi to 20 year old Rome trees. The trees were sprayed to run-off. The treatments were applied to single trees and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made 6 times on the following dates: May 12 (except azinphosmethyl), May 25, June 16, July 6 and 22, and August 10. Other materials used during the season were: Captan (6 applications), Captan Topsin M (1 application), and Dikar (1 application). These fungicide applications were made to all treatments at 3X concentrations (100 gal/acre). At harvest time, September 22 and 23, 250 apples (50/rep) were examined for injury and finish rating.
Apple, Variegated Leafroller Suppression with Two Bacillus Thuringiensis Formulations and Guthion, 1977
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Parrella M. P. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays of Dipel 3.2W, .56 kg/ha and Thuricide HPC, 7.015 litresAa were applied to one side of each row of trees in two separate 1.6 ha. plots at Massies Mill, VA on June 3, 13, 23 and 27’77. The side of the row sprayed was alternated on each successive spray date. The Golden Delicious trees on MM106 rootstock were 6 years old, well pruned and uniform in size. All experimental materials were applied with a “Swanson” air blast sprayer with 6.5 kg/cm2 pump pressure that delivered 467.68 litres per ha at 3.2 km per hour. The standard 9.6 ha “grower sprayed” block was also treated with the alternate row spraying technique. A “Bean speed sprayer” calibrated to deliver 1870.76 litres per ha was the commercial sprayer unit ;used. Following the application of the four B. thuricide treatments Imidan 50W and Zolone 25W were used to contain the leafroller populations for the remainder of the season. Spray schedules are pre-sented in Table 1. Leafroller larvae found in a three minute search period on each of four trees per plot on June 6, July 7 and 29, and August 10 and 23 were averaged and are presented in Table 2 as larvae per minute of search. There was a slight drop in the number of larvae per minute following the August 9 application of Zolone 50W to the thuricide block but no such decrease followed an August 5 application of Imidan to the Dipel treated plot. On August 23, 5 samples of 100 apples each were taken from each plot and examined for leafroller injury. Data were recorded as percent damaged fruit.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1977
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. , Asquith Dean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to severe infestations of the rosy apple aphid during 1977, various insecticide trials were conducted to select the materials that could be used for controlling this insect. Insecticides were applied by 3 different application methods to established populations. The 3 types of sprayers and amounts/acre were: (1) Friend Airmaster 393 (50 gal/acre): (2) John Bean High pressure sprayer, 35 gpm pump (ca. 400 gal/acre, amounts expressed per 100 gal in Tables); (3) Agtec Sprayall 3002 (20 gal/acre). Various orchard-blocks were involved in the tests dependent on where populations of the rosy apple aphid were severe. All treatments were replicated at least 3 times. Effectiveness of the materials on the rosy apple aphid was evaluated by examining 10 infested leaf clusters/replicate and determining the percent injured leaves/cluster, the number of leaves with 1-10 live aphids, and the number of leaves with 11+ live aphids. Various predators of the rosy apple aphid were collected from some of the treatments and their identification and tolerance to the treatments were determined.
Methods of Evaluating Insecticides for Control of Plum Curculio, 1975
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three methods were used to evaluate 23 insecticides against adults of the Georgia strain of laboratory-reared plum curculios. All tests were conducted in a screened insectary during May and June under constant flourescent light with unsexed beetles 1-3 weeks old. Method I involved dipping thinning apples into aqueous preparations of insecticides that contained 0.03% Tween 20. After drying, apples were divided equally among three 16-oz cups. After 0 or 4 days, 20 beetles/cup were confined with water wicks in the cups which were covered with cheesecloth. Percentage mortalities after exposure to each residue (3 reps) were averaged for each dose of each insecticide. Method II involved immersion of adult beetles (20/cup) in aqueous preparations of insecticides containing 0.03% Tween 20. After drying, beetles were placed with several clean thinning apples in cups and covered as previously described. Percentage mortalities (3 reps) were averaged after 4 days. Method II was designed to determine effectiveness of residues of foliar sprays in the field. Individual peach trees were sprayed (3 reps); then after 0 or 4 days, branches were brought to the insectary and placed in screen cages with the stem of each branch inserted into a florist’s water vial to keep foliage fresh.
Blueberry Maggot Control, 1977
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In an abandoned blueberry field at Turner, Maine, test materials were first applied to 3 x 4 ft plots when 3-5% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. Replicates A-C were treated on July 6, 15, 20, and 26 and D-F on July 11, 15, and 26. Dusts were placed into test tubes and applied onto the plots with a bicycle hand pump; a cage covered with clear plastic and located over the plot during the dusting was used to confine the dust to the plot. Trithion EC, Guthion, and Dylox were each mixed with water added at a rate of 50 gal per acre and sprayed onto the plots with a hand sprayer. No other pesticides were applied ito the plots. There were 6 replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with each block being generally located on a single blueberry clone. On August 12 all berries were raked from each plot and processed for maggots by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. Generally there were 3-7 oz of berries per plot. July was very dry and maggot population pressure in this field was fairly severe.
Control of Foliar form Grape Phylloxera in Ohio, 1977
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were evaluated for control of grape phylloxera at Wooster. Plots consisted of 2 Clinton vines with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granule formulations were applied on June 16 and incorporated into soil 1.5 ft away from the vine row and 1.5 ft outside the end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5-inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil was moderately dry at time of application so granular treatments were watered in as soon as they were covered with soil. The first application of all aqueous treatments was made on June 20, using a Hudson 6209, 2-gal Favorite sprayer at 40 psi. The second application date for all spray treatments, except as indicated in table, was on July 6 using a CO2 constant pressure sprayer with an 8002 E fan type nozzle at 40 psi. Sprays were applied to vines at rate of 100 gal per acre.
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Management, 1977
Authors: Harris Marvin K. , Ring Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks were extablished at Hidden Valley Farms near Hamilton, TX in Hamilton County in March, 1977. Each block consisted of at least 10 trees. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development and pecan nut casebearer activity were carried out to time treatment application by examining developing shoots for overwintering generation larvae and later inspecting flowers and nutlets for egg deposition and 1st summer generation larval entry. The overwintering population was very light and only a few larvae and pupae were found with the latter encountered the first week in May. Treatments were applied on 18 May 1977 and evaluated on 2 June 1977. Torak was considered to be the treatment standard in the test. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity John Bean Speed Sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was noted from the materials used.
Aerial Application of Bacillus Thuringiensis for Control of Fall Webworm and Walnut Caterpillar, 1976
Authors: Tedders W. L. , Ellis H. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial formulation of Bacillusthuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (HD-1), Dipel (3.2% Al (16,000 IU/mg)) + 1% molasses aqueous solution was applied as an erial spray to a single block of about 10 A of mature pecan trees of mixed variety near Cordele, Georgia. Treatments were applied with a North American Rockwell Thrush Commander aircraft equipped with a Spray Systems spray system having 44 nozzles with No. 5 Whirljet tips. The aircraft was flown at 120 mi/hr applying approximately 10 gallons of spray per acre. Ten acres in the same pecan orchard (separated from the untreated area by a highway) served as an untreated check. Prior to treatment, populations of fall webworm and walnut caterpillar were fairly evenly distributed throughout the 20 A orchard.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Canceladoand Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
’Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was planted May 11 in the greenhouse and transplanted into the field June 10 at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots were a single row 17 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart, with 18-inch in-row plant spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The insecticides were applied July 22 and August 11 with a 2-gal, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer in 137 gal water/acre at ca 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm larvae on 7 plants/plot. Counts were made on July 25 and August 12.
Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1977
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on ‘Empire’ head lettuce grown on Laveen clay loam at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station. Pelleted seed was planted in a dry seed bed on August 25, 1977, with a Stanhay precision planter. Planting was on 40-inch-wide beds with 2 seed rows per bed. Plots were 4 beds wide by 25 ft long and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer, operating at 55 psi and applying 35 gallons of spray mixture per acre. Initially sprays were applied with a boom having 1 hollow-cone nozzle per plant row. As the plants became larger, 2 hollow-cone nozzles per row were used for better coverage. Sprays were applied on September 20, 27, October 4, 13, 20, and 27. All plots were treated on September 6, with Lannate at 0.45 lb ai/acre to protect the seedling stand. Insect counts for cabbage looper eggs and larvae were made by examining 10 plants picked at random from the middle 2 beds of each plot.
Sweet Pepers, Insect Control, 1976
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘California Wonder’ peppers were transplanted on May 3, 1976, near Dunn, North Carolina. Plots consisted of paired rows, 200 ft long, and were replicated 3 times. A series of Furadan 10G split applications (20 + 30 lb) were made using a Demco applicator mounted on a row buster. On August 14, counts were made for European corn borer, corn earworm, and tobacco hornworm.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Goldmar sweet potato sprouts were planted in 3-row plots (32 inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on Jun 1‘78. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All chemicals were applied broadcast with a shaker can. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Preplant treatments were applied May 31 and were incorporated 4-5 inches into the soil with a single disc-ing. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 27°C. Postplant treatments were applied over the foliage at root-swell on Jul 24. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time 100 roots/treatmenr/replicarion were selected at random and examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Control of Wireworm on Sweet Potatoes, 1975
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘California’ sweet potato sprouts were planted on May 22‘75 in 3 row plots (32 inch row spacing) 40 feet in length. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. The pre-plant granular materials were broadcast overall with a shaker can and disced into the top 4-5 inches of soil. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 24°C. The preplant treatment of Bay SRA 12869 (6EC) was applied as a broadcast spray with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The material was mixed in 2.0 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Preplant treatments were applied May 19‘75. The diazinon post-plant treatment was applied broadcast on Jul 18‘75 with a shaker can over the foliage when the roots began to enlarge. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet long. At harvest time 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for wireworm injury.
Control of Wireworm on Sweet Potatoes, 1977
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Goldmar’ sweet potato sprouts were planted in 3 row plots (32-inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on May 27‘77. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All chemicals were applied broadcast with a shaker can. The soil was a Norflok “A” loamy sand. Preplant treatments were applied May 25 and were incorporated 3-5 inches into the soil with a single discing. Soil tern perature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 23°C. Post-plant treatments were applied over the foliage at root-swell on Jul 21 . Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for wireworm injury.
Evaluation of Reduced Rates and Reduced Rates Plus Dipel, Used on Demand, for Pinworm Control, 1978
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Dec 20‘77 in Rockdale soil. Plants were thinned to 1 plant per ft. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and drip irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatment decisions were made weekly based on tomato pinworm counts. These weekly counts were taken by counting the no. of pinworm mines on the 3 expanded top leaves on 10 plants per plot. If the mean no. of mines per plant was 1 or more for a particular treatment, the insecticide was applied that week. They were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. Chevron Spray Sticker was used at the rate of 0.5 pt per 100 gal water. Mature green to ripe fruit was harvested on Apr 28. The fruit was graded and the marketable fruit sized into 4 categories (extra large, large, medium and small). The culls were subdivided into 5 categories (blemished, rots, pinworm, fruitworm, and cutworm). The pinworm build-up was about 2 mo. later than normal; thus, the first treatments were needed on Mar 22. The fruitworm is not usually a pest of tomatoes in S. Fla., but was present during late spring of 1978. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
New Seeding Alfalfa Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on Saranac alfalfa. Crop was seeded and treated May 19’78 in a randomized block design of 3 replications (plot size 10 ft x 10 ft). Pre-plant broadcast systemic granular applications were made to seed bed after Eptam applied and incorporated (land fitted well). Seeding and fertilizer incorporated lightly into 1 inch of topsoil. At planting, winds were calm on a clear day; air temperature was 75°F, and soil temperature 66°F.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1978
Authors: Gesell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field located on the Rock Springs Agricultural Experiment Station Farm had been in continuous corn for five years. The mean root rating on untreated plants grown in the test field in 1977 was 3.15. The corn was conventional-til I planted in 30 inch single row plots each 40 feet long with 4 replications arranged in a randomized block design. Seven insecticides were compared by rate, site of application, or formulation.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larvae Control, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Roskamp G. K. , Wittier Kyle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn root-worm were evaluated in 6 field locations in Illinois during 1978. Corn plots were planted on April 15 at Parkland College, April 26, 27 at Western Illinois University, May 2 at Cerro Gordo, May 19 at Raritan, and May 20 at Cisco. All experiments were in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Indivisual plots were one row approximately 90 ft long on 30 in. centers. Applications were applied over the row in a 7-in. incorporated band. Treatments were evaluated by stand counts, root damage ratings (Iowa 1-6 system), and percent lodging. The differences in the data were calculated by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Effect of Selected Compounds on Thrips Infestation in Cotton, 1977
Authors: Williams B. R. , Boquet D. J. , Walker D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 acid delinted seeds were planted on April 26‘77 at 5 seed per feet of row in a commerce silt loam soil. Treatments were placed in plots 4 rows (40-inch) by 60 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular applications were hand applied with shaker type applicators to the top of rows and immediately incorporated to a 2 to 3 inch depth. Nemagon was injected into the row at a depth of 8 inches on April 19. Nemacur was applied as an in-furrow treatment at planting. Seed treatments were applied to measured amounts of seeds from the same lot one day prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made on May 12 and 23 with an International Cub tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system with 1 X-3 hollow-cone spray tip per row delivering 2.6 gpa at 3.8 mph and 40 psi.
Midge Control on Guar, Chillicothe, Texas, 1978
Authors: Meinke Lance J. , Slosser J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three rates of methyl parathion were compared with the registered Diazinon® rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre for guar midge control. ‘Kinman’ guar was planted June 14 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at Chillicothe. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide, on 40-inch centers, by 100 ft long; and blocks were separated by cleared 25 ft alleys. Plots were sampled semi-weekly to monitor larval populations in guar buds. By August 10 all plots had reached an average of 30% bud infestation, the economic threshold. Insecticide applications were made in early morning of August 11 with a tractor mounted spray rig. With 1 nozzle/row the sprayer delivered 8.6 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plants were examined for phytotoxicity symptoms on August 15. No rainfall occurred during the post-treatment sampling period.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Applied as A Paddy-Water Broadcast for Rice Leafhopper and Planthopper Control. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular formulation of insecticides at the rate of 0.5 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing 45-day-old plants. Ten adult females of each hopper species were caged on a plant at 1,7, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Mortality was determined at 48 hours after caging.