bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of oral chemotherapeutic agent, chlorambucil, as palliative treatment of thryoid adenocarcinoma in a golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
Authors: Kruse Tamara N. , Coke Rob L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis case report describes the use of chlorambucil in a 7.5‐year‐old golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) as palliative therapy for thyroid adenocarcinoma. Treatment was initiated at 0.1 mg/kg orally once daily. No physical abnormalities or substantial changes in complete blood cell counts and thyroid hormone levels from serial samples were detected.
Context‐sensitive thinking influences judgments of expected satiation from combinations of foods: The role of individual and cultural variations
Authors: Cheon Bobby K. , Lee Li Ling , Lee Albert , Sim Aaron Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior research has suggested the influence of thinking styles in judgments of foods, with individual and cultural differences. Here, we tested whether context sensitivity may influence judgments of a food's basic characteristics (e.g., expected satiation) in the presence of other foods in the surrounding context. Given their greater sensitivity to contextual information, participants from Singapore (compared with the USA) perceived central/focal food items as more satiating when surrounded by other foods that were low (vs. high) in expected satiation—a tendency positively correlated with measures of holistic and interdependent thinking styles (Study 1). Judgments of a central food were influenced by the foods surrounding it when participants had been experimentally primed into high context sensitivity (vs. low context sensitivity) (Study 2). These findings reveal that context‐sensitivity may contribute to the emergence of individual and cultural diversity in consumers' perceptions and judgments about multiple foods that are encountered together.Practical ApplicationsAlthough context sensitivity is well known for its implications on perceptions and judgments, rarely has it been extended to judgments of food—a domain of everyday life with numerous health implications. We demonstrate how context sensitivity may guide food judgments in the presence of multiple discrete food items in the surrounding context (e.g., a multi‐food meal or display). We show that context sensitivity, both as a tendency that varies across cultures and as a situationally malleable style of cognition, may lead to evaluations of a focal food item in a group being influenced by perceived characteristics of surrounding foods. Given its cultural variance and situational malleability, context sensitivity may be a promising consumer‐oriented target when designing food‐related environments (e.g., food displays or mealscapes), especially in cultures which place greater emphasis on contextual information as a routine in daily thought.
Ultrasonography screening in children and adolescents who have one parent with familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rosario Pedro W , Mourão Gabriela F 
Published: September 2022

AimTo evaluate ultrasonography (US) screening for thyroid cancer in children and adolescents who have one parent with familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) unrelated to known genetic syndromes.MethodsIn this prospective study, we selected 72 children and adolescents (age ≤18 years) without a palpable thyroid nodule or history of radiation exposure, but who have one parent diagnosed with FNMTC (i.e. at least one other affected first‐degree relative). The children and adolescents were evaluated by US during initial assessment and after 5 years.ResultsInitial US revealed pure cysts in five participants and nodules in seven, which were ≥5 mm in five. These patients were submitted to fine needle aspiration, which revealed benign cytology in four and a follicular lesion of undetermined significance in one. Fine needle aspiration was repeated in the last case and in one case with benign cytology but suspicious US. The second cytology was benign in both cases. After 5 years, another two participants with initially normal US had nodules <5 mm in the absence of suspicious findings. The frequency of lesions detected by US was not associated with participant sex or age, number of relatives with thyroid cancer (2 or 3), maternal or paternal origin of tumour, or age of the relatives at diagnosis.ConclusionThe present results suggest that US screening is not necessary in children or adolescents when one parent has a diagnosis of FNMTC (≥2 affected relatives).
DNA metabarcoding suggests adaptive seasonal variation of individual trophic traits in a critically endangered fish
Authors: Villsen Kurt , Corse Emmanuel , Meglécz Emese , Archambaud‐Suard Gaït , Vignes Hélène , Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Chappaz Rémi , Dubut Vincent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDietary studies are critical for understanding foraging strategies and have important applications in conservation and habitat management. We applied a robust metabarcoding protocol to characterize the diet of the critically endangered freshwater fish Zingel asper (the Rhone streber). We conducted modelling and simulation analyses to identify and characterize some of the drivers of individual trophic trait variation in this species. We found that population density and ontogeny had minor effects on the trophic niche of Z. asper. Instead, our results suggest that the majority of trophic niche variation was driven by seasonal variation in ecological opportunity. The total trophic niche width of Z. asper seasonally expanded to include a broader range of prey. Furthermore, null model simulations revealed that the increase of between‐individual variation in autumn indicates that Z. asper become more opportunistic relative to summer and spring, rather than being associated with a seasonal specialization of individuals. Overall, our results suggest an adaptive variation of individual trophic traits in Z. asper: the species mainly consumes a few ephemeropteran taxa (Baetis fuscatus and Ecdyonurus) but seems to be capable of adapting its foraging strategy to maintain its body condition. This study illustrates how metabarcoding data obtained from faeces can be validated and combined with individual‐based modelling and simulation approaches to explore inter‐ and intrapopulational individual trophic traits variation and to test hypotheses in the conventional analytic framework of trophic ecology.
Sagittal Parameters of Spine‐Pelvis‐Hip Joints in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Xu Shuai , Guo Chen , Liang Yan , Zhu Zhenqi , Liu Haiying 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo explore sagittal compensation characteristics, including extra spinal‐pelvic parameters and distal hip parameters, for analysis in middle‐aged to the older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) without spinal deformity and clarify the fitting relationship between the main sagittal parameters.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included 205 patients with LSS in our department from January 2016 to December 2018, including 153 women (74.6%), with an average age of 67.6 ± 7.1 years. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph. Spinal parameters include thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). Pelvic parameters include pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Hip parameters include pelvic rotation (PR) and hip inclination angle (HIA). Spine‐pelvic parameter is spino‐sacral angle (SSA). Sagittal balance parameter is sagittal vertical axis (SVA). PI‐LL, PT, SVA, HIA, and TLK were regarded as primary results, and the others were secondary outcomes. The independent sample t‐test was used to compare gender. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between primary results and secondary results. We take PI‐LL, PT, SVA, and TLK as dependent variables and include relevant factors for analysis.ResultsIn the case of gender, PI, PI‐LL, and PT were found smaller in men than women, but TK is greater in men than women (27.3° ± 6.1° vs 23.3° ± 7.7°, p = 0.033). PI‐LL was positively correlated with PT (r = 0.608, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HIA (r = −0.193, p = 0.010); PT was negatively correlated with HIA (r = −0.289, p < 0.01). As to the relationship between primary and secondary results, HIA was positively correlated with SS and PR (p < 0.01). SVA was positively correlated with SSA (r = 0.341, p = 0.010). The positive influencing factors and risk factors of SVA were SSA, and PI‐LL played a negative regulatory role through proximal TK, the distal PT plays a positive regulatory role. The regulation of PI‐LL was compensated through both TK and PT, with a fitting relationship of PI‐LL = 0.5 × PT − 0.2 × TK.ConclusionThere was a close interaction among spine‐pelvic‐hip sagittal parameters. We found the matching of PI‐LL in the domestic middle‐aged and elderly LSS population is regulated by thoracic spine and pelvis.
Biomechanical Characteristics of the Femoral Isthmus during Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Adult Osteoporosis and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Sun Jianzhong , Zhang Rupeng , Liu Shenghang , Zhao Yuqi , Mao Genwen , Bian Weiguo 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigated the underlying mechanisms of high fracture incidence in the femoral isthmus from a biomechanical perspective.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a total of 923 primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and 355 osteoporosis (OP) patients admitted from January 2010 to January 2018. Through a series of screening conditions, 47 patients from each group were selected for inclusion in the study. The datasets on the unaffected side and affected side of the patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (uDDH) were respectively classified as the normal group (Group I) and he tDDH group (Group II), and that of patients with osteoporosis were classified as the OP group (Group III). In this study, first, we collected computed tomography (CT) images and measured geometric parameters (inner and outer diameters) of the isthmus. Thereafter, to study biomechanical properties, we established six finite element models and calculated values of von Mises stress for each group with the methods of data conversion and grid processing.ResultsCompared with those of patients in the normal group, the values of the inner and outer diameters of femoral isthmus of patients in the DDH group were significantly lower (P < 0.001), while the inner diameters of patients in the OP group were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the outer diameters of patients in the OP group showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). The cortical rates of patients in the normal group and the DDH group appeared insignificant (P > 0.05), and those of patients in normal group were significantly higher than those of patients in the OP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, patients in the DDH group showed a higher von Mises stress value than patients in the normal group (P < 0.001), but statistically speaking the values between patients in the OP and normal groups were insignificant (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe relatively shorter inner and outer diameters of the isthmus in DDH resulted in intensive von Mises stress under the torque of the hip location, and induced a high fracture incidence. However, in patients in the OP group, the geometric morphology exhibited no anatomical variation, and the fracture was not due to the intensity of von Mises stress.
HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by facilitating the brassinosteroid‐related nucleo‐cytoplasmic partitioning of the HSP90‐BIN2 complex
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Duan Meijie , Zhang Limin , Li Jinge , Shan Lele , Zheng Lina , Liu Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe co‐chaperone heat shock protein (HSP)70‐HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) is involved in plant thermotolerance. However, its function in plant salinity tolerance was not yet studied. We found that Arabidopsis HOP1 and HOP2 play critical roles in salt tolerance by affecting the nucleo‐cytoplasmic partitioning of HSP90 and brassinosteroid‐insensitive 2 (BIN2). A hop1/2 double mutant was hypersensitive to salt‐stress. Interestingly, this sensitivity was remedied by exogenous brassinolide application, while the application of brassinazole impeded growth of both wild‐type (WT) and hop1/2 plants under normal and salt stress conditions. This suggested that the insufficient brassinosteroid (BR) content was responsible for the salt‐sensitivity of hop1/2. After WT was transferred to salt stress conditions, HOP1/2, BIN2 and HSP90 accumulated in the nucleus, brassinazole‐resistant 1 (BZR1) was phosphorylated and accumulated in the cytoplasm, and BR content significantly increased. This initial response resulted in dephosphorylation of BZR1 and BR response. This dynamic regulation of BR content was impeded in salt‐stressed hop1/2. Thus, we propose that HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by affecting BR signalling.
Are climate activists protected by the Aarhus Convention? A note on Article 3(8) Aarhus Convention and the new Rapid Response Mechanism for environmental defenders
Authors: Weber Teresa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe parties to the Aarhus Convention recently established a new Rapid Response Mechanism for environmental defenders. This article analyses this mechanism and its guarantees for environmental defenders, with a specific focus on the protection of diverse forms of climate activism. The Convention's Compliance Committee has taken a broad approach towards the definition of ‘environmental defenders’ protected by Article 3(8) of the Convention. This definition includes persons who engage in demonstrations or rallies connected to environmental issues, even if there is no immediate link to the rights provided by the Aarhus Convention. In some cases, direct actions and acts of civil disobedience may fall under Article 3(8) of the Convention. Where environmental defenders suffer harmful acts such as penalization, harassment or persecution either by State authorities or private parties, the State concerned must produce evidence to show that these harmful acts were not a response to the civic engagement of the environmental defenders concerned. If environmental defenders are victims of harmful acts in the sense of Article 3(8) of the Aarhus Convention, they may address the Special Rapporteur who can swiftly issue protection measures. This could be especially relevant for detained persons, persons under police supervision or activists who undergo systematic harassment by the police or private security forces. In these cases, the Special Rapporteur may intervene and use their unique position on the international plane to ensure that environmental defenders do not suffer due to their engagement for the environment.
The Saturated Pairwise Interaction Gibbs Point Process as a Joint Species Distribution Model
Authors: Flint Ian , Golding Nick , Vesk Peter , Wang Yan , Xia Aihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn an effort to effectively model observed patterns in the spatial configuration of individuals of multiple species in nature, we introduce the saturated pairwise interaction Gibbs point process. Its main strength lies in its ability to model both attraction and repulsion within and between species, over different scales. As such, it is particularly well-suited to the study of associations in complex ecosystems. Based on the existing literature, we provide an easy to implement fitting procedure as well as a technique to make inference for the model parameters. We also prove that under certain hypotheses the point process is locally stable, which allows us to use the well-known ‘coupling from the past’ algorithm to draw samples from the model. Different numerical experiments show the robustness of the model. We study three different ecological data sets, demonstrating in each one that our model helps disentangle competing ecological effects on species' distribution.
Sequential One-step Estimator by Sub-sampling for Customer Churn Analysis with Massive Data sets
Authors: Wang Feifei , Huang Danyang , Gao Tianchen , Wu Shuyuan , Wang Hansheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCustomer churn is one of the most important concerns for large companies. Currently, massive data are often encountered in customer churn analysis, which bring new challenges for model computation. To cope with these concerns, sub-sampling methods are often used to accomplish data analysis tasks of large scale. To cover more informative samples in one sampling round, classic sub-sampling methods need to compute sampling probabilities for all data points. However, this method creates a huge computational burden for data sets of large scale and therefore, is not applicable in practice. In this study, we propose a sequential one-step (SOS) estimation method based on repeated sub-sampling data sets. In the SOS method, data points need to be sampled only with probabilities, and the sampling step is conducted repeatedly. In each sampling step, a new estimate is computed via one-step updating based on the newly sampled data points. This leads to a sequence of estimates, of which the final SOS estimate is their average. We theoretically show that both the bias and the standard error of the SOS estimator can decrease with increasing sub-sampling sizes or sub-sampling times. The finite sample SOS performances are assessed through simulations. Finally, we apply this SOS method to analyse a real large-scale customer churn data set in a securities company. The results show that the SOS method has good interpretability and prediction power in this real application.
Ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among young children of different ethnic groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Pektas Fadime , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the ethnic hierarchy in ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children of the dominant White Dutch group (n = 145), and the underrepresented Turkish‐Dutch (n = 78), and Afro‐Dutch (n = 57) groups (55% girls, M = 7.49, SD = .98) in the Netherlands. Results from a social preference task indicated that White Dutch children showed clearly more preference for their own ethnic group (ingroup preference) compared to the two outgroup preferences (Middle Eastern and Black), while Turkish‐ and Afro‐Dutch children showed limited ingroup preference. Both White and Turkish‐Dutch children showed less preference for and more rejection of the Black outgroup compared to Afro‐Dutch children. Younger children showed more Black rejection compared to older children. This study provides much‐needed evidence for the generalizability of prejudice patterns in children beyond the United States, and suggests that interventions aimed at improving interethnic relations are already relevant at primary school age.
In vivo induction of regulatory T cells by anti‐CD45RB antibody causes transferable tolerance to discordant human xenogenic islets
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yang Maozhu , Jia Guiqing , Deng Shaoping , Lei Ji , Markmann James , Zhao Gaoping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of diabetes by islet cell transplantation has become an accepted therapy, with transplantation of xenogeneic islet cells an attractive alternative to the problem. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that anti‐CD45RB induce immune tolerance in human pancreatic islet cells. The current study was to define the mechanism of action of anti‐CD45RB induced nonspecific immune tolerance to heteroantigens.MethodsA total of 1500 IEQ human islets were transplanted to diabetic B6μMT‐/‐ mice, B6 mice, and μMT‐/‐ diabetic mice undergoing thymectomy. These mice were treated short‐term with doses of anti‐CD45RB. CD4+Foxp3+Tregs were detected in the blood, peripheral lymphatic organs by flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, anti‐CD25 mAb was administered to tolerant human islet cells B6μMT‐/‐mice. Mice then were transplanted with other human islet cells and received CD4+CD25+Tregs isolated from tolerant human islets mice to observe islet destruction.ResultsAnti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced tolerance to islets in both immunocompetent and B‐cell‐deficient mice (μMT‐/‐ mice) by processes that were dependent on CD25+ Tregs, but not B cells. Anti‐CD45RB treatment increased the number of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs cells. Anti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced immune tolerance that was antigen nonspecific, with Tregs playing an important role. Anti‐CD45RB treatment‐induced tolerance generated Tregs that could be transferred to another individual to manifest nonspecific immune tolerance.ConclusionThe results of the experiment suggest that anti‐CD45RB induced tolerance to human islet xenografts is mediated by the proliferation of Tregs. These tolerogenic Tregs can be transferred to other mice and induce nonspecific immune tolerance.
Improved phylogenetic resolution within Neritidae (Gastropoda, Nertimorpha) with implications for the evolution of shell traits and habitat
Authors: Qi Lu , Xu Biyang , Kong Lingfeng , Li Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeritidae is a species‐rich family with substantial interspecific morphological and ecological diversities. The current classification of Neritidae is controversial, particularly regarding the taxonomic position of Smaragdiinae. Although several molecular phylogenetic studies have attempted to clarify the phylogeny of Neritidae, the internal evolutionary relationships have not been completely resolved due to limited sampling. We recently sequenced eight mitochondrial genomes of Neritidae, reassembled five previously published transcriptome data, and reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny for Neritidae with mitochondrial genome (13 protein‐coding genes) datasets of up to 23 species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference indicated that the Neritidae were divided into two monophyletic groups, Neritinae and Neritininae, with strong support. A representative of Smaragdiinae, Smaragdia rangiana, was found to nest within Neritininae. Within Neritininae, the monophyly of Clithon and Neritina has not been recovered. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated that the most recent common ancestor of the Neritidae was a smooth shell. Our results imply at least two transitions from marine to brackish habitats within Neritidae.
A Pandemia de Covid-19 e os Precedentes do STF sobre as Competências Constitucionais dos Entes Federativos
Authors: Dantas Andrea de Quadros , Pedrosa Maria Helena Martins Rocha , Pereira Alessandra Lopes da Silva 
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo analisa se as decisões sobre divisão de competências entre os entes federados, proferidas pelo STF em sede de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade no curso da pandemia de Covid-19, representaram uma guinada na jurisprudência da Corte. Para tanto, o estudo parte de uma revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial dos julgamentos do STF, utilizando-se da teoria da revisão judicial do federalismo como fio condutor entre os diversos períodos analisados, de modo a identificar eventual movimento centrípeto ou centrífugo da Corte Constitucional brasileira sobre a estrutura federalista. Verificou-se uma tendência centralista do STF até o ano de 2015, com posterior inclinação descentralizadora, como reflexo de sua função harmonizadora e não propriamente da adoção de uma descentralização focada na autonomia dos entes subnacionais. Por fim, apesar do ineditismo dos julgamentos ocorridos no início da pandemia acerca da competência dos entes para definição de medidas de contenção da Covid-19, observou-se mera inflexão conjuntural da jurisprudência impulsionada pela crise sanitária, a revelar a continuidade da primazia da função integrativa do STF enquanto árbitro da federação.