bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Clinical Features and Diagnosis Pattern of Duchene Muscular Dystrophy in Southern India
Authors: Sattenapalli Nigama Chandra , Areti Anka Rao , G. S.N. Koteswara Rao , Kulandaivelu Uma Sankar , Alavala Rajasekhar Reddy , Manne Ravi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle disorder that is characterized by proximal muscle weakness followed by a premature death in young boys. There is a low index of reports on diagnosis ratio and clinical features in Southern India.

Objective The present study aimed to conduct an observational survey on preliminary analysis, family history, associated complaints, and diagnosis ratio of DMD in southern regions of India.

Materials and Methods A systematic observation and survey were conducted on clinically confirmed DMD patients registered between 2019 and 2021 through the questionnaire. The questionnaire and pattern of study were identified by exploring published and unpublished studies available from electronic databases and critical assessment criteria considered by physicians. Preliminary analysis such as onset criteria, motor difficulties, milestone delay; family history and consanguinity analysis; chief complaints (ambulatory status, lordosis, respiratory, and cardiac outcomes), associated complaints such as enlarged tongue, oral hygiene, behavioral problems; and other similar parameters were studied. An assessment of the diagnosis rate and pattern was performed.

Statistical analysis The data were reviewed and interpreted through statistical methods mean ± standard deviation represented as a percentage.

Results In total, 400 DMD patients were included and 250 participated in the study. The onset age group was 2 to 5 years in 37% of the population. Milestone delay was seen in 86%; consanguinity marriage of parents was reported in 39%. Frequent falls were reported in 62% in 5 to 8 years old group. Wheelchair status was reported in 65% in 9 to 12 years old. Cervical and lumbar lordoses were seen in 57 and 69%, respectively, in above 13 years old. Respiratory and cardiac complications were 88 and 78% reported in above 13 years old, respectively. Other major associated complaints such as enlarged tongue were reported in 79%. Fifty-one percent underwent genetic diagnosis and 79% of the population underwent serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) analysis for the confirmation of DMD.

Conclusion In this study population of South India, milestone delay was a major observation. Although there was a slight margin, family history shows “no blood relation among parents” in the majority of the study population. Chief complaints were predominantly severe above 13-year age group population. Serum CPK was the first choice for the first investigation, which is followed by a genetic diagnosis.
The synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC): Shifting the paradigm of cell therapy in regenerative engineering
Authors: Shah Shiv , Esdaille Caldon Jayson , Bhattacharjee Maumita , Kan Ho-Man , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
This paper presents the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC) system: a versatile therapy which provides the ability to tailor paracrine responses of different cells and provide a more potent regenerative effect for targeted tissues. Upon challenging the SASC system against an osteoarthritis model, we demonstrate that the factors combined tailored for chondrogenesis have a potent antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effect. This paper also demonstrates the in vivo capacity of SASC to attenuate proteoglycan depletion in the cartilage extracellular matrix while also improving biomechanical properties of the resulting cartilage. We report the first of many applications of the SASC system, which provides a promising step toward clinical translation of a minimally immunogenic stem cell with many commercial advantages over its biological counterpart.
Effective potential of scalar-tensor gravity with quartic self-interaction of scalar field
Authors: Arbuzov A , Latosh B , Nikitenko A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One-loop effective potential of scalar-tensor gravity with a quartic scalar field self-interaction is evaluated up to first post-Minkowskian order. The potential develops an instability in the strong field regime which is expected from an effective theory. Depending on model parameters the instability region can be exponentially far in a strong field region. Possible applications of the model for inflationary scenarios are highlighted. It is shown that the model can enter the slow-roll regime with a certain set of parameters.
Assessing the compact-binary merger candidates reported by the MBTA pipeline in the LIGO–Virgo O3 run: probability of astrophysical origin, classification, and associated uncertainties
Authors: Andres N , Assiduo M , Aubin F , Chierici R , Estevez D , Faedi F , Guidi G M , Juste V , Marion F , Mours B , Nitoglia E , Sordini V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We describe the method used by the multi-band template analysis (MBTA) pipeline to compute the probability of astrophysical origin, p
astro, of compact binary coalescence candidates in LIGO–Virgo data from the third observing run (O3). The calculation is performed as part of the offline analysis and is used to characterize candidate events, along with their source classification. The technical details and the implementation are described, as well as the results from the first half of the third observing run (O3a) published in GWTC-2.1. The performance of the method is assessed on injections of simulated gravitational-wave signals in O3a data using a parameterization of p
astro as a function of the MBTA combined ranking statistic. Possible sources of statistical and systematic uncertainties are discussed, and their effect on p
astro quantified.
Γ-convergence of Onsager–Machlup functionals: II. Infinite product measures on Banach spaces
Authors: Ayanbayev Birzhan , Klebanov Ilja , Lie Han Cheng , Sullivan T J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We derive Onsager–Machlup functionals for countable product measures on weighted ℓ

p
subspaces of the sequence space

R

N

. Each measure in the product is a shifted and scaled copy of a reference probability measure on

R

that admits a sufficiently regular Lebesgue density. We study the equicoercivity and Γ-convergence of sequences of Onsager–Machlup functionals associated to convergent sequences of measures within this class. We use these results to establish analogous results for probability measures on separable Banach or Hilbert spaces, including Gaussian, Cauchy, and Besov measures with summability parameter 1 ⩽ p ⩽ 2. Together with part I of this paper, this provides a basis for analysis of the convergence of maximum a posteriori estimators in Bayesian inverse problems and most likely paths in transition path theory.
Consistency of Bayesian inference with Gaussian process priors for a parabolic inverse problem
Authors: Kekkonen Hanne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the statistical non-linear inverse problem of recovering the absorption term f > 0 in the heat equation

∂

t

u
−

1

2

Δ
u
+
f
u
=
0

on

O
×

(

0
,
T

)

u
=
g

on

∂
O
×

(

0
,
T

)

u

(

⋅
,
0

)

=

u

0

on

O
,

where

O
∈

R

d

is a bounded domain, T < ∞ is a fixed time, and g, u
0 are given sufficiently smooth functions describing boundary and initial values respectively. The data consists of N discrete noisy point evaluations of the solution u

f
on

O
×

(

0
,
T

)

. We study the statistical performance of Bayesian nonparametric procedures based on a large class of Gaussian process priors. We show that, as the number of measurements increases, the resulting posterior distributions concentrate around the true parameter generating the data, and derive a convergence rate for the reconstruction error of the associated posterior means. We also consider the optimality of the contraction rates and prove a lower bound for the minimax convergence rate for inferring f from the data, and show that optimal rates can be achieved with truncated Gaussian priors.
Evaluation of the impact of abnormal grains on the performance of Sc0.15Al0.85N-based BAW resonators and filters
Authors: Liu Chen , Li Minghua , Chen Bangtao , Zhang Ying , Zhu Yao , Wang Nan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sc
x
Al1−x
N is a promising piezoelectric material for radio frequency communication applications with excellent electro-acoustic properties. However, the growth of abnormally oriented grains is widely observed in the Sc doped AlN films deposited by sputtering. In this work, for the first time, the impact of the abnormal grains in the Sc0.15Al0.85N films on the performance of bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters is systematically evaluated by both simulations and measurements. The correlation between the device performance and the abnormal grain parameters, including the density, dimension, crystal orientation, growth height and the total volume of the abnormal grains, is evaluated and quantified. Simulation results show that the total volume of all abnormal grains in the whole device is the most critical factor among the parameters. Abnormal grains with randomly distributed parameters and around 6% total volume of the film can degrade the effective coupling coefficient of the resonator from 13.6% to 11%, leading to a 10.6% decrement of the filter bandwidth. Wafer-level device characterizations and measurements are performed, and the results are consistent with the simulations. This study provides a practical method for predicting the performance of the resonators and filters with abnormal grains, and a guideline for film quality evaluation.
Tunable and programmable topological valley transport in photonic crystals with liquid crystals
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Liang Feng , Wang Xiangru , Zhao Deshuang , Wang Bing-Zhong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Topological valley transport in photonic crystals (PCs) has attracted great attention owing to its edge modes immune to backscattering. However, flexibly dynamically controlling and reconfiguring the pathway of the topological one-way propagation is still challenging. Here, we propose a tunable and programmable valley PC structure based on nematic liquid crystals (LCs). Inversion symmetry breaking and topological transition are implemented through controlling the relative permittivity of the LC cells. Topological protection of valley edge states and valley-locked beam splitting are demonstrated. Moreover, the LC-based PC can be discretized to a number of supercells, each of which can be coded with ‘0’ or ‘1’. The wave propagation pathway can be dynamically reconfigured by programming different coding patterns.
Low-field magnetic anisotropy of Sr2IrO4
Authors: Nauman Muhammad , Hussain Tayyaba , Choi Joonyoung , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai , Kang Woun , Jo Younjung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) is essential because of its strong spin–orbit coupling and crystal field effect. In this paper, we present a detailed mapping of the out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic anisotropy in Sr2IrO4 for different sample orientations using torque magnetometry measurements in the low-magnetic-field region before the isospins are completely ordered. Dominant in-plane anisotropy was identified at low fields, confirming the b axis as an easy magnetization axis. Based on the fitting analysis of the strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, we observed that the main anisotropic effect arises from a spin–orbit-coupled magnetic exchange interaction affecting the OOP interaction. The effect of interlayer exchange interaction results in additional anisotropic terms owing to the tilting of the isospins. The results are relevant for understanding OOP magnetic anisotropy and provide a new way to analyze the effects of spin–orbit-coupling and interlayer magnetic exchange interactions. This study provides insight into the understanding of bulk magnetic, magnetotransport, and spintronic behavior on Sr2IrO4 for future studies.
Three-dimensional graphene encapsulated hollow CoSe2-SnSe2 nanoboxes for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Kainan , Zheng Ke , Zhang Zhifang , Li Kuan , Bian Ziyao , Xiao Qian , Zhao Kuangjian , Li Huiyu , Cao Haijing , Fang Zebo , Zhu Yanyan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Construction of metal selenides with a large specific surface area and a hollow structure is one of the effective methods to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. However, the nano-material easily agglomerates due to the lack of support, resulting in the loss of electrochemical performance. Herein, we successfully design a three-dimensional graphene (3DG) encapsulation-protected hollow nanoboxes (CoSe2-SnSe2) composite aerogel (3DG/CoSe2-SnSe2) via a co-precipitation method coupled with self-assembly route, followed by a high temperature selenidation strategy. The obtained aerogel possesses porous 3DG conductive network, large specific surface area and plenty of reactive active sites. It could be used as a flexible and binder-free electrode after a facile mechanical compression process, which provided a high specific capacitance of 460 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1, good rate capability of 212.7 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 The capacitance retention rate is 80% at 2 A g−1 after 5000 cycles due to the fast electron/ion transfer and electrolyte diffusion. With the as-prepared 3DG/CoSe2-SnSe2 as positive electrodes and the AC (activated carbon) as negative electrodes, an asymmetric supercapacitor (3DG/CoSe2-SnSe2//AC) was fabricated, which delivered a high specific capacity of 38 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 and an energy density of 11.89 Wh kg−1 at 749.9 W kg–1, as well as excellent cycle stability. This work provides a new method for preparing electrode material.
A conceptual model for changes in finger photoplethysmograph signals caused by hand posture and isothermic regulation
Authors: Keogh C , Drummond G B , Bates A , Mann J , Arvind D K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. To observe changes in baseline position and pulsatile light absorbance (photoplethysmograph, PPG) in the finger-tip, by raising the hand above the horizontal plane in recumbent subjects. We applied current knowledge of the circulation to the finger-tip, particularly arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs), and the physiology of the venous circulation. Approach.We studied healthy young volunteers in a quiet thermoneutral environment. A finger plethysmograph on the non-dominant hand recorded transmission of red and infra-red light, with observations expressed as absorbance to allow comparisons within and between subjects. Breathing movements were recorded unobtrusively to assess any effect on absorbance and the pulse amplitude of the signals. All body movements were passive: the study arm was elevated in a trough to about 40° above the horizontal plane. The following conditions were studied, each for 15 min, using the last 10 min for analysis: recumbent, study arm elevated, study arm horizontal, and both legs elevated by 40°. Main results. We found a substantial time-related effect, and considerable variation between subjects. Arm elevation reduced red light absorbance and increased the range of amplitudes of the PPG waveform: only in subjects with large absorbances, did waveform amplitude increase. Spontaneous, thermoregulatory decreases in absorbance were large and associated with decreases in waveform amplitude. Significance. Finger-tip vessels distend with blood and light absorbance increases when AVAs open. The vessels pulsate more strongly when the hand is raised: venous collapse allows the vessels to become more compliant. The postcapillary circulation is likely to be an important source of pulsation.
How reliable is measurement of posture during sleep: real-world measurement of body posture and movement during sleep using accelerometers
Authors: Smits Esther J , Salomoni Sauro , Costa Nathalia , Rodríguez-Romero Beatriz , Hodges Paul W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Understanding sleeping behaviours could improve prevention and treatment of sleep problems and associated health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate a method to assess body posture and movement during sleep using trunk-worn accelerometers for 28 nights. Approach. Participants (50 adults with low back pain (66% female); aged 32(±9) years) wore two activPAL-micro sensors (thigh, trunk) during their normal daily life for 28 consecutive days. Parameters related to body posture (e.g. time spent lying supine or prone) and movement (e.g. number of turns) during sleep were calculated for each night. Average values for each parameter were identified for different periods, the Spearman–Brown Prophecy Formula was used to estimate the minimum number of nights required to obtain a reliable estimate of each parameter, and repeatability of measures between different weeks was calculated. Main results. Participants spent 8.1(±0.8) h asleep and most time (44%) was spent in a supine posture. The minimum number of nights required for reliable estimates varied between sleep parameters, range 4–21 nights. The most stable parameters (i.e. requiring less than seven nights) were ‘average activity’, ‘no. of turns’, ‘time spent prone’, and ‘posture changes in the first hour’. Some measures differed substantially between weeks. Significance. Most sleep parameters related to body posture and movement require a week or more of monitoring to provide reliable estimates of behaviour over one month. Notably, one week may not reflect behaviour in another week, and the time varying nature of sleep needs to be considered.
An efficient and fast multi-band focused bioimpedance solution with EIT-based reconstruction for pulmonary embolism assessment: a simulation study from massive to segmental blockage
Authors: Nguyen Minh Duc , Duong Trong Luong , McEwan Alistair 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an acute condition that blocks the perfusion to the lungs and is a common complication of Covid-19. However, PE is often not diagnosed in time, especially in the pandemic time due to complicated diagnosis protocol. In this study, a non-invasive, fast and efficient bioimpedance method with the EIT-based reconstruction approach is proposed to assess the lung perfusion reliably. Approach. Some proposals are presented to improve the sensitivity and accuracy for the bioimpedance method: (1) a new electrode configuration and focused pattern to help study deep changes caused by PE within each lung field separately, (2) a measurement strategy to compensate the effect of different boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions on the perfusion signals and (3) an estimator to predict the lung perfusion capacity, from which the severity of PE can be assessed. The proposals were tested on the first-time simulation of PE events at different locations and degrees from segmental blockages to massive blockages. Different object boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions were included in the simulation to represent for different populations in real measurements. Results. The correlation between the estimator and the perfusion was very promising (R = 0.91, errors <6%). The measurement strategy with the proposed configuration and pattern has helped stabilize the estimator to non-perfusion factors such as the boundary shapes and varied respiration conditions (3%–5% errors). Significance. This promising preliminary result has demonstrated the proposed bioimpedance method’s capability and feasibility, and might start a new direction for this application.
Dispersive MUSIC algorithm for Lamb wave phased array
Authors: Xu Caibin , Zuo Hao , Deng Mingxi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By controlling the excitation time delay on each element, the conventional phased array can physically focus signals transmitted by different elements on a desired point in turn. An alternative and time-saving strategy is that every element takes turns to transmit the excitation and the remaining elements receive the corresponding response signals, which is known as the full matrix capture (FMC) method for data acquisition, and then let the signals virtually focus on every desired point by post-processing technique. In this study, based on the FMC, a dispersive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for Lamb wave phased array is developed to locate defects. The virtual time reversal is implemented to back propagate the wave packets corresponding to the desired focusing point and a window function is adopted to adaptively isolate the desired packets from the other components. Then those wave packets are forward propagated to the original focusing point at a constant velocity. For every potential focusing point and all receivers, the virtual array focuses the signals from all transmitters so as to obtain the focusing signals. The MUSIC algorithm with the obtained focusing signals is adopted to achieve Lamb wave imaging. Benefiting from the post-processing operations, the baseline subtraction as well as the estimation for the number of the scattering sources is no longer required in the proposed algorithm. Experiments on an aluminum plate with three artificial defects and a compact circular PZT array are implemented and the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Dynamic resistance and total loss in a three-tape REBCO stack carrying DC currents in perpendicular AC magnetic fields at 77 K
Authors: Sun Yueming , Fang Jin , Sidorov Gennady , Badcock Rodney A , Long Nicholas J , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In many high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, HTS-coated conductors carry a DC current under an external AC magnetic field. In such operating conditions, dynamic resistance will occur when the traversing magnetic flux across the HTS conductors. Consequently, AC loss within the superconductors is composed of the dynamic loss component arising from dynamic resistance and the magnetization loss component due to the AC external magnetic field. This AC loss is one of the critical issues for HTS applications, such as persistent current switches, flux pumps, and rotating machines. In this work, the dynamic resistance and the total loss in a three-tape HTS coated conductor stack were measured at 77 K under perpendicular AC magnetic fields up to 80 mT and DC currents (I
dc) up to the critical current (I
c). The stack was assembled from three serial-connected 4 mm wide Superpower wires. The measured dynamic resistance results for the stack were well supported by the results from 2D H-formulation finite element modelling (FEM) and broadly agree with the analytical values for stacks. The FEM analysis shows asymmetric transport DC current profiles in the central region of the superconductor. We attribute the result to the superposition of DC currents and the induced subcritical currents which explains why the measured magnetization loss values increase with DC current levels at low magnetic field. The onset of dynamic loss for the stack for low i (I
dc/I
c) values is much slower when compared to that of the single tape and hence the contribution of the dynamic loss component to the total loss in the stack is much smaller than that of the single tape. Dynamic loss in the stack becomes comparable to the magnetization loss at i = 0.5 and becomes greater than the magnetization loss at i = 0.7. Both magnetization loss and dynamic loss in the stack are smaller than those of the single tape due to shielding effects. The difference between the Q
total behaviours in the stack and single tape is due to the variation of the penetration depths of the stack and single tape at the different magnetic field amplitudes.