bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: EOR Modeling (January 2022)
Authors: Gupta Subodh 
Published: February 2022

No one will be surprised to learn of the reduction in the produced literature on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) this past year measured in terms of papers produced through various SPE forums. The constraints created by the COVID-19 pandemic have been unprecedented. More encouraging and noteworthy is the fact that, even in such hard times, the wheels of knowledge have kept turning.
Statistics are important in knowing where the sharp minds of SPE members are investing their energies. Typically, this is also in proportion to what those members need. Hence, it is noteworthy that more than a fifth of the papers were about CO2-based EOR, indicating not only renewed interest but also the motivation for carbon capture, use, and storage. You will find CO2-based EOR represented in the recommended-reading papers by a paper that describes use of simple techniques to predict fieldwide behavior using the Pulser method. What’s more, old is new again. In an enhanced shale gas recovery technique, as summarized in this issue, you will recognize repurposing of a much-discussed coalbed-methane method from a couple of decades ago.
CO2-EOR literature is closely followed by continued momentum in the area of data science (DS) and machine learning but with a perceptible degree of maturity in the types of application. As opposed to the “everything goes in the Wild West” approach of a couple of years ago, more and more researchers are realizing that a practical application of DS must respect the underlying fundamentals. No wonder, then, that we are seeing a gradual return of physics, though now strengthened with the power of DS. A good examples of this is found in a paper summarized here that presents data-driven approaches for waterﬂoods.
The other two inclusions presented in this feature combine learnings from other areas to extend and strengthen the frontiers of EOR modeling—namely, a coupled geomechanical and wellbore model, and an elegant manner of simulating phase appearance/disappearance in thermal simulations in the recommended-reading papers.
I hope this brief primer will not only bring you up to date with the trends in the EOR literature but also equip you with a good sense of emerging tools and their applications.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 200390 - Pulser Model: Updated Framework and Lessons Learned From Applications in Forecasting CO2 Flood Performance by Deepanshu Kumar, Occidental Petroleum, et al.
SPE 203912 - Development of a Thermal Stability Method for Phase Appearance and Disappearance Handling in Thermal Compositional Simulators by Mohammad Reza Heidari, Schlumberger, et al.
Study Examines Capacitance/Resistance Modeling for Waterflooding
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 205650, “Practical Considerations When Using Capacitance/Resistance Modeling for Waterflood Optimization,” by Srungeer Simha, SPE, Manu Ujjwal, SPE, and Gaurav Modi, SPE, Shell. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Popular implementation of capacitance/resistance modeling (CRM) uses only production or injection data as input and makes simplifying assumptions that pressure maintenance and injection are the primary drivers of production. While these assumptions make CRM a quick plug-and-play technique that can be replicated easily between assets, they also lead to major pitfalls because these assumptions are often invalid. The complete paper explores these pitfalls and discusses workarounds and mitigations to improve the reliability of CRM.

Introduction
The study focuses on three large onshore mature reservoirs currently in the waterﬂood phase. These reservoirs each have over 100 active producers and 20–30 active injectors, most of which are deviated or vertical, with the newer inﬁll wells being predominantly horizontal. All three reservoirs are undersaturated; two are layered clastic reservoirs, while the third is a layered carbonate formation. The sublayers in the clastic reservoirs are noncommunicating, whereas the layers in the carbonate formation are in communication. The two clastic reservoirs also have mild to moderate aquifer support, whereas the carbonate reservoir has none.
After a long depletion phase, the development philosophy in these reservoirs shifted to that of pattern waterﬂooding supported by aggressive drilling campaigns. Thus, a need exists for a nimbler data-driven technique that can be used for waterﬂood optimization in these reservoirs.
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2022)
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2022

Almost every aspect of the upstream industry has been forced to adapt best practices and methodologies in signiﬁcant ways over the last 2 years, and even the core discipline of assuring well integrity is no exception. Against a backdrop of global uncertainty and challenging economics, well integrity subject-matter experts have continued to prioritize human and environmental safety in production while pivoting their skills toward areas of growing importance such as carbon capture and sequestration. New technologies and simulation methods have allowed the authors of the three SPE papers in this year’s feature to provide a path forward that suggests new possibilities that retain the central goals of safety and productivity.
Paper SPE 204385 describes the use of polymer capsules, embedded in cement and with semipermeable shells, that react with antagonistic gases downhole, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to form a more-benign and -beneﬁcial material. The author writes that, from this reaction with CO2, a mineral precipitate seals fractures in cement and aids in the recovery of wells.
Part of the industry emphasis on decarbonization constitutes the repurposing of depleted ﬁelds as CO2 storage sites, as the authors of paper SPE 205537 describe in their discussion of such an eﬀort oﬀshore Sarawak. They use leakage-rate modeling to perform the critical task of estimating well integrity and re-entering existing plugged and abandoned wells.
The authors of paper SPE 206052 explore various well-construction concepts and analyze the ability of cement to withstand long-term well loads. They write that, while reduction of cement stresses remains a challenge, one viable option is the use of cementless solutions, including a technology based on metal expandable packers that can seal long wellbore sections through metallic-to-rock isolation.
No matter the specialized purpose or characteristics of any well, its integrity is the linchpin of production and safety. The SPE papers in this year’s feature display a versatility and willingness to tackle long-standing issues with new technologies and approaches that the upstream industry will always value.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 204374 - Epoxy Resin Exhibits Long-Term Durability and Chemical Stability as a Well Sealant by Fred Sabins, Riteks, et al.
OTC 30299 - Big Data and Machine Learning: Effective Tools or Ensuring Well Integrity by Marcus Blane Savini, Frank’s International, et al.
SPE 206252 - Development of a Digital Twin for Well Integrity Management in Underground Gas Storage Fields by Carlo Busollo, Snam, et al
DLVO Modeling to Predict Critical Salt Concentration to Initiate Fines Migration Pre- and Post-Nanofluid Treatment in Sandstones
Authors: Muneer Rizwan , Hashmet Muhammad R. , Pourafshary Peyman 
Published: February 2022

Summary
The critical salt concentration (CSC) of injected water used for various water-based oil recovery operations is the salt concentration below which fine particles are released and their migration starts within sandstone reservoirs containing clays. This phenomenon could be one of the potential causes of formation damage and associated injectivity and productivity declines. This paper proposes a novel method of quantifying surface forces between fines and sand grains and using DLVO (named after Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) modeling to predict a CSC pre- and post-nanofluid treatment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of varying concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in controlling fines migration and reducing CSC was modeled by the DLVO approach and experimentally validated. The experimental CSC was determined by performing corefloods and analyzing effluent turbidity and absorbance under various salinities of the injected brine to validate the developed models. The zeta potentials of sand-fine-brine (SFB) systems were measured and ranged from −35.2 to 29.5 mV. The average size of fine particles was 800 to 900 nm based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Using DLVO modeling before the application of nanoparticles (NPs), the CSC was predicted to be 0.11 M (6,400 ppm) NaCl brine, at which the total DLVO interaction energy shifted from attraction to repulsion. Moreover, another DLVO model was developed considering the effect of SNPs. Models predicted 0.085 M (4,900 ppm) and 0.075 (4,400 ppm) NaCl CSC values after the application of 0.05 and 0.1 wt% SNPs, respectively. Afterward, corefloods were performed that showed that the experimental results of CSC with and without SNPs treatment were in close agreement with the DLVO models. Fines migration was observed at 0.08 M (4,700 ppm) and 0.07 M (4,100 ppm) salinity after nanofluid treatments. Many oil recovery processes, including but not limited to low-salinity waterflooding and alkaline flooding, require the estimation of the CSC to avoid formation damage. The proposed DLVO model is instrumental to predict the CSC for monovalent NaCl brine pre- and post-nanofluid application without requiring extensive experimental work. Moreover, the use of nanofluid showed promising results in terms of fines migration control and reduction in CSC.
The Cognitive Profile of Friedreich Ataxia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: naeije gilles , Schul Jörg Bernhard , Corben Louise 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStudy the cognitive profile of individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and seek evidence for correlations between clinical, genetic and imaging characteristics and neuropsychological impairments.MethodsBased on PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was realized using the Pubmed and Scopus databases to identify studies (1950–2021) reporting neuropsychological test results in genetically confirmed FRDA and control participants in at least one of the following cognitive domains: attention/executive, language, memory and visuo-spatial functions as well as emotion. Studies using identical outcomes in a minimum of two studies were pooled. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d.ResultsEighteen studies were included. Individuals with FRDA displayed significantly lower performance than individuals without FRDA in most language, attention, executive function, memory visuospatial function, emotion regulation and social cognitive tasks. Among the included studies, thirteen studies examined the relationship between neuropsychological test results and clinical parameters and reported significant association with disease severity and six studies reviewed the relationship between neuroimaging measures and cognitive performance and mainly reported links between reduced cognitive performance and changes in cerebellar structure.ConclusionsIndividuals with FRDA display significantly lower performances in many cognitive domains compared to control participants. The spectrum of the cognitive profile alterations in FRDA and its correlation with disease severity and cerebellar structural parameters suggest a cerebellar role in the pathophysiology of FRDA cognitive impairments.
Investigation of the Fano Lineshapes in Plasmonic Asymmetric Silver Nanosphere Dimer
Authors: Gu Jiexuan , Dong Dandan , Xiong Tao , Wang Wei , Sun Cheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The plasmonic properties of an asymmetric dimer, comprising of two silver nanospheres with different radii, are studied by the finite difference time domain method. The extinction efficiencies of the plasmonic dimer are numerically calculated in the visible and near-infrared regime, i.e., from 950THz to 150THz. Two distinguishable Fano resonances are observed when the separation between the nanospheres is narrowed within a certain value, e.g., less than 10nm. The extinction spectrum that presents two Fano resonances, associated with two electromagnetic modes, is well fitted using a model consisting of two Fano lineshape functions. The resonance frequencies, the spectral widths, and the characteristic q values are obtained via the best fit parameters, and their trends are revealed with varying the radii of the nanospheres. The fitting scheme proposed in this work may be useful in the study of other plasmonic nanostructures with multiple Fano resonances.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy bearing warped space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
The Role of AgNOR in Improving the Efficacy of FNA in the Detection of Breast Lumps.
Authors: Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , Suliman Ahmed Abdelbadie Mohamed , Adam Elsadig Ahmed , Hussain Nazik Almalika Obeid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Breast cancer is prevalent and common across the globe.One in every nine women in developed countries and one in every 20 in less developed areas may have the risk of breast cancer.This study aimed to evaluate the role of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) stain in improving the efficacy of the fine needle aspiration (FNA) technique in the detection of cytological changes in breast lumps among Sudanese women.Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Khartoum state (Sudan), among Sudanese women who presented with breast lumps to governmental and private cytology clinics.FNA samples were collected from each patient. Wet fixed smears were stained with AgNOR and air-dried smears with Pap staining techniques. For the evaluation the numeric results (The mean and standard deviation (mAgNOR ± SD) of AgNOR dots in 100 tumor nuclei and the Proliferative Index (pAgNOR), the percentage of cells having 5 or more AgNOR dots per nucleus in 100 nuclei ). Pearson correlation coefficient (p-value) and ANOVA tests were used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 21) to compare the values observed in each cytological category and the values observed for counting 50 and 100 tumor nuclei.Results: The mean values and SD of AgNOR (mAgNOR) and proliferative Index (pAgNOR) were 3.66±2.8 and 2.22±2.1, respectively. On the other hand, ANOVA test showed a significant increase in the mean values of the malignant findings in both parameters. The correlation between cytological changes categories and the means of AgNOR (mAgNOR) showed a statistically significant test (P = 0.001). Also the correlation between cytological assessment categories and the means of proliferative Index (pAgNOR) showed a statistically significant test. Conclusions:The estimate breast cellular proliferative activity by means of AgNORs per nucleus quantification and cytological atypia improve the accuracy of FNA in comparison with standard Pap stains.
A Bibliometric study on the Sustainable Economic growth
Authors: mustafa othman mohammad ahmed , Lengyel Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Economic growth plays a vital role in climate change which can be negatively affecting the climate by depleting the natural resources continuously and increasing the greenhouse gas emissions, it can be turned into a positive effect by applying sustainability in the different Economic practices in order to save our natural resources, decrease the amount of waste and decrease the greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable Economic growth can stop the environmental issues which affect the Economic itself in the present and in the future in a way that ensures economic growth with environmentally friendly practices by changing the macroeconomic policies to imply that the growth can be maintained for the long term. There’s a need to study and discover the research work in the area of Economic growth in more depth to get a better insight about how this term has been studied and developed and what the researchers have achieved in this area to define the research gaps and to open up the field for future studies.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Bedside Lung Ultrasound And Chest Radiography Compared To Thoracic Computed Tomography In Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Sosa Fernando Ariel , Kleinert Mercedes , Matarrese Agustín , Criniti Juan , Folco Juan José , Saavedra Santiago , Dorotesky Graciela , Roberti Javier , Tamagnone Francisco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) is being adopted in intensive care units (ICU) with a higher diagnostic accuracy for consolidation, interstitial syndrome, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax than chest radiography (CXR).Aims: To compare the diagnostic performance of LUS and CXR for the detection of pathologic abnormalities in critically ill patients in the ICU using thoracic computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard.Methods. Prospective and descriptive single-center study. Prior to CT, we performed bedside LUS and CXR, evaluated hemithoraces and characterized them as positive or negative for each of four abnormalities (consolidation syndrome, interstitial syndrome, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax). We decided therapeutic intervention after CT.Results. A total of 58 patients and 126 hemithoraces were evaluated by three imaging techniques. LUS and CT did not show significant differences in any of the conditions. CRX and CT showed significantly different proportions of consolidation, interstitial syndrome and pleural effusion. LUS performed better than CXR, with a higher sensitivity for four pathologies. CXR had a marginally higher specificity than LUS for consolidation, interstitial syndrome and pneumothorax. In 79% of patients, we performed a subsequent action based on the information provided by LUS.Conclusion. In ICU patients, bedside LUS offers a better diagnostic performance than CRX for the diagnosis of common pathologic conditions and could be an alternative to CT.
Clinical Outcomes of Single Excision Versus Kidner Procedure for Type II Accessory Navicular Associated With Flatfoot in Adults: Does Accessory Navicular Induce Flexible Flatfoot?
Authors: Tao Xu , Yang Qian dong , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Wei , Tang Kang Lai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with type II accessory navicular (AN) originally complain of the medial pain of foot. With increasing frequency, some of them has been recognized flexible flatfoot (FFF) at the first weightbearing radiographic examination. Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction is widely accepted as a significant contributor to FFF. However, the PTT was not affected in these patients. The relationship between AN and FFF remains controversial. The contribution of AN to FFF was designed in this study.Methods: Adult patients who complained of medial pain and bone eminence between January 2014 and January 2020 were included. 61 patients were confirmed to have the AN with flatfoot and randomly divided into two operative groups. The AN was excised in Group A, and the PTT was reconstructed to the navicular region with an anchor in Group B. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were performed, including clinical evaluations, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) mid-foot scale, a visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic assessments of Meary’s angle, Pitch angle, talonavicular coverage, Kite’s angle and naviculocuboid overlap. PTT decline angle (PDA) and AN-Navicular joint inclination angle (ANJCA) in the lateral view were designed to evaluate the effect of AN on FFF.Results: Fifty-six patients (56 feet) were included in this study because 5 patients were excluded. The mean follow-up period was 22.29 months with single excision (Group A) and 20.86 months with Kidner procedure (Group B). The AOFAS mid-foot score improved from 70.39±7.78 pre-operationally to 89.46±7.06 at the last follow-up in Group A and from 67.14±8.14 pre-operationally to 89.64±6.88 at the last follow-up in Group B. The VAS score decreased from 2.82±0.39 and 2.86±0.36 to 0.89±0.31 and 0.79±0.42, respectively. The radiographic results representing flatfoot significantly increased in the two groups. In the lateral view, PDA significantly increased after the operation, and the effect of PTT on the arch upward was induced by pull angulations and shorter distances. Conclusion: The FFF with AN may be induced by AN and its synchondrosis. The weakened plantar ligament of synchondrosis was impaired under chronic tension and shear forces may be implicated as the etiologic biomechanical mechanism. AN excision or it with PTT reconstruction could release the pain and benefit the PTT pulling sufficiency. Level of evidence: Level IV, comparative serial cases.
Information Needed For Coastal Management: Perceptions Of Research And Protection Of Shorebirds On A Coastal Beach Are Influenced By Visitor Type, Age And Gender
Authors: Burger J. , Dey Amanda , Niles Larry , Feigin Stephanie , Ng Kelly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Protection of shorebirds along coasts where they congregate during migration is an important conservation goal, yet little is known about the reasons that attract people to beaches. Data on perceptions can be used to develop and implement educational and conservation programs, enhancing both visitor experiences and shorebird survival. Urbanization is encroaching on many beaches and estuaries that are necessary stopover sites for migrant birds. This study examines perceptions of visitors at 9 Delaware Bay beaches during the critical northward shorebird migration using interviews (N = 279). We examine the hypothesis that visitors come to Delaware Bay beaches mainly to see the shorebirds (including Red Knots, Calidris canutus rufa) and the crabs whose eggs sustain the shorebirds. Only 60 % of visitors were there primarily to see the shorebirds and crabs, the rest were there for the scenery, tranquility, fishing, or other recreation activities, despite access restrictions. Even when asked what makes the beach attractive, from 17 % (people interested in birds) to 62 % (people interested in crabs) listed tranquility and scenery. Older people rated the importance of research and protection of shorebirds (and crabs) higher than younger people. Over 40 % did not want to see any changes to beaches, while 28 % wanted to see improvements, and 24 % wanted to see more restoration and conservation. Nearly 60% said these beaches would be less attractive if there were more people. These perceptions can aid managers, conservationists and communities improve beaches for both migratory shorebirds and human use.