bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a geriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinic on the management of older patients receiving dental treatment under general anaesthetic or conscious sedation: A service evaluation
Authors: Prasad Ria , Edwards Julie , Newton Paul , Gerbasi Rodrigues Taianny , Curl Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe main objectives of the study were to review patient characteristics, recommendations made and treatment outcomes of frail/older patients referred to a specialist multidisciplinary geriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinic (PROKARE), prior to patients receiving dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) or conscious sedation (CS).BackgroundAlthough the use of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment to improve pre/peri and postoperative mortality has been reported for many surgical domains, its use prior to dental surgery has not been reported previously.MethodsThe data were collected retrospectively from the dental notes of 52 patients referred from the Special Care Dental (SCD) Department to the PROKARE service for optimisation prior to dental treatment under GA/CS using a case note study approach. The data extracted included patient demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical management and the treatment outcomes for each patient. The data extracted was analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsKey reasons for referral were caries management, retained roots and poor co‐operation. Multiple co‐morbidities were noted among the patients referred, with 14 (27%) having four or more co‐morbidities. The PROKARE assessment identified issues such as treatment could be carried out under CS instead of GA; consent; and the need for medication change and/or further medical investigations. As per recommendations from PROKARE, 39 patients (75%) received dental treatment while five (10%) did not receive treatment, and a further eight (15%) died prior to treatment.ConclusionGeriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinics in the dental management of frail, elderly patients having treatment under GA or CS techniques is valuable, but further research and assessment of current service provision are needed to increase the evidence base.
Clinical implications of severe sarcopenia in Japanese patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Honda Shigefumi , Uemura Yusuke , Shibata Rei , Sekino Takahisa , Takemoto Kenji , Ishikawa Shinji , Murohara Toyoaki , Watarai Masato 
Published: April 2022

AimSarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia is inconsistent between different populations and is still evolving. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and clinical implications of severe sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria in Japanese patients with acute heart failure (HF).MethodsOverall, 272 patients admitted for acute HF were evaluated for sarcopenia using the AWGS 2019 criteria.ResultsThere were 46 patients with severe sarcopenia, accounting for approximately 75% of patients who were diagnosed as having sarcopenia. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with severe sarcopenia had a higher incidence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF 1 year post‐discharge than those with non‐severe sarcopenia or without sarcopenia (log‐rank P = 0.006). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe sarcopenia was independently correlated with the occurrence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF after adjusting for other prognostic factors (hazard ratio 2.580, 95% confidence interval: 1.404–4.740, P = 0.002).ConclusionsSevere sarcopenia constituted most sarcopenia diagnoses using the AWGS 2019 cut‐off values, and was independently associated with 1‐year incidence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF post‐discharge in Japanese patients with acute HF. The assessment of sarcopenia may provide useful information for HF management. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 477–482.
A meta‐analysis of the elaboration likelihood model in the electronic word of mouth literature
Authors: Moradi Masoud , Zihagh Fereshteh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have been conducted to determine the factors influencing online consumers to adopt the information embedded in electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The amount of existing research and the inconsistency of certain conclusions need the development of an all‐encompassing model capable of synthesizing previous findings. Thus, this meta‐analysis study synthesizes current research on eWOM, which will aid in reconciling results about the variables impacting eWOM adoption and consumers' behavioural intentions. This study utilizes data from 89 research in a two‐stage structural equation model (TSSEM). The findings show that eWOM usefulness and credibility impact behavioural intentions, and eWOM adoption plays a mediating role in these relationships. The results further signify the moderating effects of social networking sites (SNS) and e‐commerce platforms on the adoption behaviour. Building on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study shows that the central route to persuasion is the dominant predictor of eWOM adoption on e‐commerce sites. In contrast, the peripheral route tends to dominate on social networking sites. The findings improve the current understanding of the diffusion of online information, which can alter consumers' behavioural intentions. The study finally provides managers with specific recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of eWOM propagation through online channels.
Microscopic structure, viscoelastic behaviour and 3D printing potential of milk protein concentrate‐hydrocolloid complex coacervates
Authors: Liu Yaowei , Wang Keyu , Zhou Peng 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTo prepare a milk protein‐enriched ink for extrusion‐based 3D food printing, this study investigated the effects of a wide range of hydrocolloids on the microstructures, viscoelastic characteristics and 3D printing performance of milk protein concentrate (MPC). The distributions of hydrocolloids and milk protein in mixed coacervates were characterised by fluorescent covalent labelling and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the microstructure of the coacervates was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the rheological properties of prepared protein coacervates, including steady shear test, dynamic oscillatory test, thixotropy and creep recovery were investigated. Meanwhile, Burger’s model was fitted to the creep behaviour to further study their viscoelastic properties. The results showed that κ‐carrageenan, pectin, guar gum and sodium alginate significantly increased the zero‐shear viscosity, thixotropy and solid‐like behaviour while xanthan showed an opposite phenomenon. Results showed that the presence of hydrocolloids improved the 3D printability of MPC by forming a complex network between protein particles and hydrocolloids, and guar gum, pectin and κ‐carrageenan better help maintain the deposited 3D structures of MPC ink than xanthan.
Different air velocity drying impacts on browning reaction and antioxidant activity of apple cube and its storage counterparts
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Bi Jinfeng , Li Xuan , Wu Xinye , Yu Qingting , Feng Shuhan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe colour quality and functional activity of dried fruits are important quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat pump drying with different air velocity on browning‐related reactions and antioxidant activities of products and their storage counterparts. The results showed that apple cubes possessed different Maillard reaction levels, polyphenol and pectin variation, and antioxidant capacity, which could be controlled by different drying air velocity when the temperature is constant. In present work, high air velocity (2.0–2.5 m/s) drying (HHD) apple cubes possessed 22.58% more browning comparing to low air velocity (0.02–0.50 m/s) drying (LHD), which correlated with its 8.13 μg/g, 132.35 μg/g and 6.21% more of 5‐HMF, chlorogenic acid and DE level of pectin, respectively. Interestingly, the b value of HHD and LHD samples decreased after storage, which was related to the DE, GalA, structural properties (Ratio1, Ratio2 and Ratio3) and conformational properties (PDI, RG and RC) of pectin in samples. Besides, HHD treatment promoted higher DPPH and FRAP capacity than LHD, which significantly involved Mw of pectin. The research would provide a new insight from the perspective of pectin for regulating the browning and antioxidant activity in apple thermal process.
Sugar‐sweetened beverages intake and the risk of obesity in children: An updated systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Mohammadi Tofigh Arash , Jahangiri Leila , Nikniaz Zeinab , Nikniaz Leila 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide and has reached alarming proportions. Contradictive results from studies and reviews have fuelled an endless debate on the role of SSBs in the development of childhood obesity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake on body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and waist circumference (WC) among children.MethodsDatabases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to August 2021. Observational studies reporting the relation between SSBs intake and BMI, BFP, and WC were included. STATA version 15 was used to analyse the data.ResultsIn this meta‐analysis, 33 studies with 121 282 subjects were included. Excessive SSBs intake was associated with 0.75 kg/m2 increase in BMI in children and adolescents (WMD: 0.75; CI 0.35–1.15; p < 0.001). In addition, high SSBs intake was significantly associated with higher WC (WMD: 2.35 cm; 95% CI, 1.34, 3.37; p = 0.016) and BFP (WMD: 2.81; CI 2.21–3.41; p < 0.001). No departure from linearity was detected in dose–response meta‐analysis between SSBs consumption and changes in BMI, WC, and BFP.ConclusionHigh SSBs consumption was associated with increased BMI, WC, and BFP among children and adolescents. Further large prospective long‐term interventions are recommended to confirm the observed relationships.
Effectiveness of a competence‐based planting support training programme for development agents in Ethiopia
Authors: Tarekegne Chalachew , Wesselink Renate , Biemans Harm J. A. , Mulder Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCompetence‐based education and training (CBE/T) has been implemented in Ethiopia to develop the competences of (future) professionals and to improve their performance. However, empirical evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of CBE/T is scarce. Positioning the study within the theory of strategic alignment and comprehensive competence‐based training, we used the authentic core job task ‘On‐Site Helping of Farmers during the Planting of Maize’, of Development Agents as problem context and conducted an experimental‐longitudinal research study including multirater performance assessment. The study compared competence development of the Development Agents who received training that could be characterized as ‘High‐CBT’ (N = 33) and ‘Low‐CBT’ (N = 32). ‘High‐CBT’ means that in these training programmes, principles of competence‐based training were used more completely than in the ‘Low‐CBT’ programmes. Experts rated the competence levels of the Development Agents and Development Agents rated their own competence levels. Both groups did that before and after the training. Individual Development Agent performance was also rated by Trained Assessors. Longitudinally, Development Agent performance data was collected during one production year at three points in time. Development Agent's competence development in the ‘High‐CBT’ training condition was higher than in the ‘Low‐CBT’ condition. Observations made on each Development Agent's performance by Trained Assessors both in the Farmer Training Centres and in the authentic job situations, generally confirmed better performance of the ‘High‐CBT’ group compared with the ‘Low‐CBT’ group. The finding contributes to the state of research on the relationship between competence development and performance improvement, which is theoretically postulated although less empirically tested.
The influence of ‘soft’ fair work regulation on union recovery: A case of re‐recognition in the Scottish voluntary social care sector
Authors: Cunningham Ian , James Philip , Baluch Alina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal case study contributes to debates concerning how ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ forms of regulation can interact to contribute to the advancement of worker rights. More specifically, the article explores the contribution of Scotland's soft fair work (FW) programme and the UK's hard statutory recognition procedure to union re‐recognition in a voluntary sector social care provider. In combination, hard and soft regulations are found to have added breadth to the pressures for re‐recognition exerted by the union, bringing reputational and financial costs associated with derecognition to the employer. Concerns nevertheless arose regarding the depth of impact from this interaction due to union compromises on key issues in the final recognition agreement. Due to the specific public service context of the study, doubts are also expressed regarding the potential for unions in other hard to organise sectors to achieve similar outcomes.
Tildrakizumab efficacy and safety in patients with psoriasis and concomitant metabolic syndrome: post hoc analysis of 5‐year data from reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2
Authors: Fernandez A.P. , Dauden E. , Gerdes S. , Lebwohl M.G. , Menter M.A. , Leonardi C.L. , Gooderham M. , Gebauer K. , Tada Y. , Lacour J.P. , Bianchi L. , Egeberg A. , Pau‐Charles I. , Mendelsohn A.M. , Rozzo S.J. , Mehta N.N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available on long‐term efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a common comorbidity.ObjectivesThis analysis updates tildrakizumab efficacy and safety for up to 5 years in patients with and without MetS.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 reSURFACE 1 (NCT01722331) and reSURFACE 2 (NCT01729754) trials in adult patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Analyses included data through Week 244 from patients who continuously received tildrakizumab 100 (TIL100) or 200 mg (TIL200) and entered the extension studies, stratified by baseline MetS status. Efficacy was assessed via Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores. Safety was evaluated from exposure‐adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsreSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 analyses included 26 and 44 TIL100‐treated patients with MetS, 98 and 167 TIL100‐treated patients without MetS, 34 and 30 TIL200‐treated patients with MetS, and 111 and 130 TIL200‐treated patients without MetS, respectively. There were no clinically relevant differences in PASI 75/90/100 response rates at Week 244 between patients with vs without MetS. The proportion of patients with vs without MetS achieving absolute PASI score <3 at Week 244 was 53.8% vs 69.4% and 77.3% vs 80.8% in reSURFACE 1 and 2, respectively, for TIL100‐treated patients and 58.8% vs 72.1% and 63.3% vs 72.3%, respectively, for TIL200‐treated patients. In both studies, median reduction from baseline PASI score at all time points in patients with vs without MetS was >83% vs >89% for TIL100 and >85% vs >90% for TIL200. Pooled EAIRs of TEAEs, serious TEAEs, and TEAEs of special interest were similar in patients with and without MetS.ConclusionsTildrakizumab maintains efficacy and a favorable safety profile over 5 years in patients with psoriasis regardless of MetS status.
Molecular evolutionary analysis of the SM and SNARE vesicle fusion machinery in ciliates shows concurrent expansions in late secretory machinery
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Richardson Elisabeth , Kamra Komal , Dacks Joel B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtists in the phylum Ciliophora possess a complex membrane‐trafficking system, including osmoregulatory Contractile Vacuoles and specialized secretory organelles. Molecular cell biological investigations in Tetrahymena thermophila have identified components of the protein machinery associated with the secretory organelles, mucocysts. The Qa‐SNARE Syn7lp plays a role in mucocyst biogenesis as do subunits of the CORVET tethering complex (specifically Vps8). Indeed, Tetrahymena thermophila possesses expanded gene complements of several CORVET components, including Vps33 which is also a Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein that binds Qa‐SNAREs. Moreover, the Qa‐SNAREs in Paramecium tetraurelia have been localized to various endomembrane organelles. Here, we use comparative genomics and phylogenetics to determine the evolutionary history of the SM and Qa‐SNARE proteins across the Ciliophora. We identify that the last ciliate common ancestor possessed the four SM proteins and six Qa‐SNAREs common to eukaryotes, including the uncommonly retained Syntaxin 17. We furthermore identify independent expansion of these protein families in several ciliate classes, including concurrent expansions of the SM protein‐Qa SNARE partners Sec1:SynPM in the oligohymenophorean ciliates lineage, consistent with novel Contractile Vacuole specific innovations. Overall, these data are consistent with SM proteins and Qa‐SNAREs being a common set of components for endomembrane modulation in the ciliates.
A review on the encapsulation of bioactive components using spray‐drying and freeze‐drying techniques
Authors: Kandasamy Sengodan , Naveen Rajshri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBioactive compounds are a type of chemical substance found in plant sources. Lycopene, carotenoids, phytochemicals, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanin are a few bioactive compounds. These compounds are rich in antimicrobial, antioxidant, and free radical‐scavenging properties. But these compounds are easily degraded. In order to enhance the chemical stability and the retention properties of functional ingredients, encapsulation is indispensable. This paper reviews the two important methods of encapsulation of bioactive components and the novelties in these techniques. Spray‐drying and freeze‐drying techniques are commonly used for encapsulation in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The former is a quick and high‐temperature process, while the latter is a time‐consuming and low‐temperature procedure. The inlet temperature during spray drying is maintained between 120 and 190°C, whereas during freeze drying, a temperature of −80°C to −20°C is maintained. For effective encapsulation, the optimization of the process conditions such as the temperature, pressure, feed rate, airflow rates, and selection of wall materials are essential. In this paper, the influence of these parameters on encapsulation efficiency and product stability is also discussed.Practical ApplicationsThe spray‐drying and freeze‐drying techniques find their application in the food and chemical industries for the purpose of encapsulation and drying. The former technique helps transform liquid foods to powder and thereby extending their shelf life. The encapsulation of some biologically active components helps better retention and delivery of the components. Spray drying is a technique in which liquid foods are converted to powdered form. These techniques have been used for a very long time in the dairy industry. But in recent times, they have been used in the pharmaceutical industries as well. Their main application in the pharmaceutical industry is drug delivery. Freeze drying is a low‐temperature encapsulation process which is mainly used for the encapsulation of functional foods. The most commonly spray‐dried active materials include oleoresins, natural food colors, natural antioxidants, lipids, flavors, and functional foods. Probiotic sources such as bacterial cultures are the main freeze‐dried products. In this review, the practical applications of the techniques are elaborated.
Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase dynamics as a biomarker for advanced fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ha Yeonjung , Chon Young Eun , Kim Mi Na , Lee Joo Ho , Hwang Seong Gyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIt is unclear whether changes in lipid profile and liver biochemistry are associated with advanced fibrosis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) between 2009 and 2017 were included. The changes in blood tests were calculated as follows: [(value at 6 months − value at baseline)/value at baseline] × 100. The endpoint was advanced fibrosis determined by the NAFLD fibrosis score, calculated every year from diagnosis until 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors predicting advanced fibrosis.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 31.7 (19.4–50.8) months, advanced fibrosis occurred in 64 (6.3%) of 1021 patients. Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels (72.9 vs 51.1 IU/L; P = 0.23) and ΔGGT (+6.0% vs −6.9%; P = 0.06) were higher in the advanced fibrosis group. ΔGGT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with advanced fibrosis after adjusting for age and platelet count. The positive ΔGGT group showed a higher incidence of advanced fibrosis and the 1‐standard deviation increment in ΔGGT showed a significant association with advanced fibrosis both in statin users (HR, 1.35) and in non‐users (HR, 1.31; Ps < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model identified a positive correlation between ΔGGT and the NAFLD fibrosis scores (P < 0.001). ΔGGT showed sensitivity of 64.2%, specificity of 52.6%, and negative predictive value of 98.3% in predicting advanced fibrosis.ConclusionsΔGGT calculated at 6 months following NAFLD diagnosis is associated with advanced fibrosis.