bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Redox Chemistry in Pyrrolidinium‐Based TEMPO Radical and Extended Viologen for High‐Voltage and Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Pan Mingguang , Gao Liuzhou , Liang Junchuan , Zhang Pengbo , Lu Shuyu , Lu Yan , Ma Jing , Jin Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are regarded as a promising candidate for grid‐scale, low‐cost and sustainable energy storage. However, their performance is restricted by low aqueous solubility and the narrow potential gap of the organic redox‐active species. Herein, a highly‐soluble organic redox pair based on pyrrolidinium cation functionalized TEMPO and extended viologen, namely Pyr‐TEMPO and [PyrPV]Cl4, which exhibits high cell voltage (1.57 V) and long cycling life (over 1000 cycles) in AORFBs is reported. The intrinsic hydrophilic nature of the pyrrolidinium group enables high aqueous solubilities (over 3.35 m for Pyr‐TEMPO and 1.13 m for [PyrPV]Cl4). Furthermore, the interaction of nitroxyl radicals with water is observed, which may be helpful to prevent collision‐induced side reactions or structure decomposition. Notably, the assembled AORFBs realize a high energy density of 16.8 Wh L‐1 and a peak power density of 317 mW cm‐2. The evidence is provided to clarify the capacity degradation mechanism of TEMPO/viologen AORFB systems by a series of comprehensive characterizations. Furthermore, the reversible consumption and re‐generation of the nitroxyl radicals upon charging and discharging are well understood. This work presents effective electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches to clarify the redox chemistry and capacity degradation mechanism of radical incorporating AORFB systems.
Activity of decitabine as maintenance therapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Senapati Jayastu , Shoukier Mahran , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Wang Xuemei , Patel Keyur , Kadia Tapan , Ravandi Farhad , Pemmaraju Naveen , Ohanian Maro , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney , Alvarado Yesid , Aldrich Jeffrey , Borthakur Gautam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPosttherapy measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML) is associated with shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS). Elimination of MRD measured via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) for disease specific transcripts can potentially lead to better outcomes in CBF‐AML.MethodsWe prospectively monitored the MRD using qRTPCR and flow cytometry on bone marrow samples in patients with newly diagnosed CBF‐AML who received decitabine (DAC) maintenance therapy after fludarabine/cytarabine/G‐CSF (FLAG)‐based induction/consolidation regimen. Negative qRTPCR (CMR) was defined as fusion transcript <0.01%.ResultsThirty‐one patients with CBF‐AML including 14 with t(8;21) and 17 with inv(16) received parenteral DAC as maintenance therapy. Fifteen patients (48.3%) had completed FLAG‐based induction/consolidation but with positive MRD (0.35%, range = 0.01%–0.91%) (Group 1). Sixteen patients (51.7%) could not complete recommended consolidations with FLAG‐based regimen (due to older age or complications) and were switched to DAC maintenance (Group 2). In Group 2, eight patients (50%) had undetectable MRD (Group 2A) (all had qRTPCR ≤ 0.01%) and the other eight patients (50%) had residual fusion product by qRTPCR (0.1%, range = 0.02%–0.36%) (Group 2B) prior to starting DAC. Amongst the 23 patients who had a PCR ≥ 0.01% before maintenance therapy (Groups 1 and 2B), 12 patients (52%) attained a CMR as their best response (responders). The median pre‐DAC qRTPCR amongst responders were 0.03% compared to 0.14% in nonresponders (p = .002). The median estimated molecular RFS amongst responders were 93.9 months. At a median follow‐up of 59.3 months (13.2–106 months) from DAC initiation, 16 patients (51.6%) had to be initiated on a second line of therapy (40%, 25%, and 100% patients, respectively, in Groups1, 2A, and 2B). The median estimated time to new treatment between responders was 112.4 versus 5.8 months in nonresponders (hazard ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.54); however, there were no difference in overall survival between these groups (p = .37).ConclusionDAC is an effective maintenance therapy for CBF‐AML patients with persistent fusion transcript at a low level after FLAG‐based regimen. Attainment of CMR with DAC maintenance can lead to long‐term remission in patients who have persistent MRD positive after FLAG‐based regimen or are unable to receive the full course of consolidation therapy.
Comparing Natural History of Early and Late Onset Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: De Meo Ermelinda , Filippi Massimo , Trojano Maria , Comi Giancarlo , Patti Francasco , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Salemi Giuseppe , Onofrj Marco , Lus Giacomo , Cocco Eleonora , Fonderico Mattia , Torri Clerici Valentina , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Valentino Paola , Bertolotto Antonio , Lugaresi Alessandra , Bergamaschi Roberto , Rovaris Marco , Sola Patrizia , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Pesci Ilaria , Aguglia Umberto , Cavalla Paola , Maimone Davide , Granella Franco , Vianello Marika , Simone Marta , Portaccio Emilio , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to describe and compare disease course and prognosis of early (ie, disease onset before age 11 years) and late (ie, disease onset after age 11 years) onset pediatric multiple sclerosis.MethodsProspectively collected clinical information from Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register of 1993 pediatric multiple sclerosis patients, of whom 172 had early onset, was analyzed. Cox models adjusted for sex, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and disease‐modifying treatments and stratified for diagnostic criteria adopted (Poser vs McDonald) were used to assess the risk of reaching irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 3, 4, and 6, and conversion to secondary progressive phenotype in early versus late onset pediatric patients. Prognostic factors were also evaluated.ResultsA greater proportion of males, isolated brainstem involvement, and longer time interval between first and second clinical episode were observed in early versus late onset pediatric patients. Compared to late onset, early onset pediatric patients took longer from disease onset to convert to secondary progressive phenotype and to reach all disability milestones. Recovery from first demyelinating event, time to first relapse, annualized relapse rate during the first 3 years of disease, and disease‐modifying treatment exposure were independent predictors for long‐term disability in early onset pediatric patients. In late onset pediatric patients, isolated optic neuritis, multifocal symptoms, and progressive course at disease onset were additional predictors for long‐term disability.InterpretationThese findings point toward the existence of a different natural history in early versus late onset pediatric multiple sclerosis patients. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:483–495
Electrochromism of Nanographenes in the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Matsumoto Ikuya , Sekiya Ryo , Fukui Hiroji , Sun Ren‐De , Haino Takeharu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanographene (NG) is a potential candidate for organic EC materials because of its large π‐conjugated system, chemical stability, absorption band covering the visible region, and tunable optical properties by postsynthetic modification. We show that NGs carrying redox‐active triphenylamine (TPA) units covalently linked to the NG edge function as EC materials in the NIR region. The hybrid materials can be obtained by the installation of TPA units onto the NG edge and display changes in the absorption spectrum in the NIR region extending to a wavelength of over 2000 nm upon one‐electron oxidation and reduction at low potentials (<1.1 V). Time‐dependent unrestricted density functional theory calculation of a model NG at the UB3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory suggests that a narrow energy gap between the basal plane and the oxidized TPA unit is responsible for the observed EC function in the NIR region.
Fabrication of magnetic Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/polypyrrole heterostructure for efficient adsorption of Mn7+ from aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Wenjiao , Zheng Mingming , Ren Jiajia , Ma Mingliang , Yin Xunqian , Li Tingxi , Ma Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnetic Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/polypyrrole (PPy) heterostructure as adsorbent for adsorbing Mn7+ was synthesized by combining hydrothermal method and chemical oxidation method. The heterostructure was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Its saturation magnetization is 18.88 emu/g, so it is easy to separate it from the solution. The feasibility of Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/PPy heterostructure to remove Mn7+ was researched in detail. It is found that the optimal pH is 2. The initial adsorption rate can reach 4.60 mg/g min. At 288.15 K, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity is 202.8 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo second order model, as well as is determined by through membrane diffusion processes. The Langmuir isotherm model is used to describe the adsorption isotherm behavior. Besides, thermodynamic parameters indicate spontaneous adsorption behavior, and entropy of the endothermic reaction increases. Finally, the cycle test results show that the adsorbent has better cycle performance, displaying broad application prospects.
Distributed sensing based real‐time process monitoring of shape memory polymer components
Authors: Herath Madhubhashitha , Emmanuel Chris , Jeewantha Janitha , Epaarachchi Jayantha , Leng Jinsong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShape memory polymer (SMP) materials have the capacity to undergo large deformations imposed by mechanical loading, hold a temporary shape, and then recover their original shape upon exposure to a particular external stimulus. The fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with enhanced structural performances give a boost to breakthrough technologies for large‐scale engineering applications. This article presents a novel technique for distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) embedded SMPCs intended for real‐time process monitoring of large‐scale engineering applications such as deployable space structures. Herein a carbon fiber reinforced SMPC was tested under a three‐point flexural shape memory process and the DOFS data were acquired through optical backscatter reflectometry. Experiments were conducted in a temperature controlled thermal chamber coupled with a 10 kN electromechanical testing system. DOFSs offered unique advantages for spatially distributed dynamic temperature and strain measurements during the shape memory process. Compared to the standard test method dynamic mechanical analysis, larger samples can be tested effectively by using a single DOFS with large strain levels and shape complexity. The proposed technique demonstrated the ability of embedded DOFSs for in‐situ shape memory characterization such as shape fixity ratio, shape recovery ratio and recovery rate. This technique will eliminate the challenges hindering the process monitoring and performance evaluation of large SMPC components operating in their real working environments.
Using competing stimuli with an adult with stereotypic skin picking: A case study of assessment, treatment, and generalization
Authors: Jeglum Sara R. , Luehring Mathew C. , Kurtz Patricia F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe competing stimulus assessment (CSA) is used to identify stimuli that are associated with high levels of engagement and low levels of problem behavior. However, few studies have used CSA results for adults with problem behavior. The goal of this study was to expand on previous literature by targeting an adult's self‐injurious skin picking, while incorporating caregivers into treatment and examining reduction maintenance. Noelle was a 27‐year‐old female diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability referred to an intensive outpatient clinic. Functional assessment results suggested that skin picking was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Treatment included noncontingent access to competing stimuli identified via a CSA with response disruption and response promotion tactics. This intervention reduced skin picking to near zero rates, was effectively implemented by caregivers, and treatment gains were maintained over 5 months. Limitations and future considerations for behavior reduction procedures with adults are discussed.
Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis guides to further enhance the biosynthesis of erythromycin by an overproducer
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Ke Xiang , Qiao Lijia , Sui Yufei , Chu Ju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOmics approaches have been applied to understand the boosted productivity of natural products by industrial high‐producing microorganisms. Here, with the updated genome sequence and transcriptomic profiles derived from high‐throughput sequencing, we exploited comparative omics analysis to further enhance the biosynthesis of erythromycin in an industrial overproducer, Saccharopolyspora erythraea HL3168 E3. By comparing the genome of E3 with the wild type NRRL23338, we identified fragment deletions inside 56 coding sequences and 255 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms over the genome of E3. A substantial number of genomic variations were observed in genes responsible for pathways which were interconnected to the biosynthesis of erythromycin by supplying precursors/cofactors or by signal transduction. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data suggested that genes involved in the biosynthesis of erythromycin were significantly upregulated constantly, whereas some genes in biosynthesis clusters of other secondary metabolites contained nonsense mutations and were expressed at extremely low levels. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, l‐glutamine/l‐glutamate and 2‐oxoglutarate were identified as reporter metabolites. Around the node of 2‐oxoglutarate, genomic mutations were also observed. Based on the omics association analysis, readily available strategies were proposed to engineer E3 by simultaneously overexpressing sucB (coding for 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 component) and sucA (coding for 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component), which increased the erythromycin titer by 71% compared to E3 in batch culture. This study provides more promising molecular targets to engineer for enhanced production of erythromycin by the overproducer.
BioSin UFMG Club: Engaging a multilevel and multidisciplinary community in synthetic biology
Authors: Gervásio João , Sampaio Yala , Muniz Paulo , Yamada Camila , Felicori Liza F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLearning synthetic biology is often seen as a far distant possibility, restricted to those who have the privilege of an academic career. We propose a student‐centered discussion group around synthetic biology, aimed at people from high school onwards with different backgrounds to interact and learn about synthetic biology. We developed a 14‐week long program with three modules: “Leveling,” “Introducing,” and “Discussion.” By completing the first two modules, the members should be more comfortable with biological names, structures, concepts, and techniques. The modules developed are available in Portuguese, Spanish, and English via the Open Lab Idea Real website (https://ideareal.org/clube-de-biologia-sintetica/) and can be used to implement the Club either in place or virtually around the world. We put it to practice at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) creating the Club named BioSin. There are programs such as the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition focused on disseminating synthetic biology. Although iGEM is one fantastic way of learning about synthetic biology, there is a high cost. Because of that, a study and discussion Club is a tool to spread knowledge and engage with the study area.
Toward optimal clearance: A universal affinity‐based mass spectrometry approach for comprehensive ELISA reagent coverage evaluation and HCP hitchhiker analysis
Authors: Seisenberger Christina , Graf Tobias , Haindl Markus , Wegele Harald , Wiedmann Michael , Wohlrab Stefanie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the control strategy for process related impurities in biopharmaceuticals, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the method of choice for the quantification of host cell proteins (HCPs). Besides two dimensional‐western blots (2D‐WB), the coverage of ELISA antibodies is increasingly evaluated by affinity purification‐based liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (AP‐MS) methods. However, all these methods face the problem of unspecific binding issues between antibodies and the matrix, involving the application of arbitrarily defined thresholds during data evaluation. To solve this, a new approach (optimized AP‐MS) was developed in this study, for which a cleavable linker was conjugated to the ELISA antibodies enabling the subsequent isolation of specifically interacting HCPs. By comparing both approaches in terms of method variability and the number of false positive or negative hits, we could demonstrate that the optimized AP‐MS method is very reproducible and superior in the identification of antibody detection gaps, while previously described strategies suffered from over‐ or underestimating the coverage. As only antibody associated HCPs were identified, we demonstrated that the method is beneficial for hitchhiker analysis. Overall, the method described herein has proven as a powerful tool for reliable coverage determination of ELISA antibodies, without the need to arbitrarily exclude HCPs during the coverage evaluation.
Identification of CXCL5 expression as a predictive biomarker associated with response and prognosis of immunotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Deng Jie , Ma Xuejiao , Ni Yang , Li Xiaomin , Xi Wenjing , Tian Minqi , Zhang Xing , Xiang Manyu , Deng Wanglong , Song Chao , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe breakthrough of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a limited part of patients could derive clinical benefits. To study how immune microenvironment (IME) of patients could influence the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, we evaluated the response patterns of NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors and analyzed the molecules related to prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy.MethodsTumor samples were collected from 47 NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors. RNA expressions of tumor immune‐related 289 genes were analyzed using NanoString nCounter. Immune infiltration and correlation between clinical information and expression of immune‐related genes were assessed.ResultsUnsupervised clustering analysis revealed two groups infiltrated with different immune cells and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including CXCL5, CXCL9, IDO1, and LAG3 were found between groups. Stratification based on DEGs indicated that the group with high expression of CXCL5 was characterized by neutrophils. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis further demonstrated that CXCL5 mRNA expression was positively associated with worse progression free survival (PFS). Logistic analyses indicated high CXCL5 was associated with worse response to immunotherapy.ConclusionsCXCL5 may be a potential biomarker for prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy and may be a novel preventive and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Understanding the psychosocial impact of colorectal cancer on young‐onset patients: A scoping review
Authors: Khoo Athena Ming‐Gui , Lau Jerrald , Loh Xin‐Sheng , Ng Celeste Wen‐Ting , Griva Konstadina , Tan Ker‐Kan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of young‐onset (<50 years) colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasing internationally. The psychosocial experience of younger cancer patients is vastly different from older patients, especially in domains such as financial toxicity, body image, and sexual dysfunction. What is unknown is the cancer type‐specific experience. The aim of the current scoping review was to examine (1) the psychosocial factors and/or outcomes associated with young‐onset CRC and (2) other determinants that influences these outcomes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO) from inception to December 2020 using key terms and combinations. Primary literature that examined the psychosocial (e.g., quality‐of‐life, emotional, social, sexual) impact of young‐onset CRC were included.ResultsA total of 1389 records were assessed by four reviewers, with a total of seven studies meeting inclusion criteria (n = 5 quantitative, n = 1 qualitative and n = 1 case series). All studies indicated there was significant psychosocial impact in younger CRC patients, including emotional impact, social impact, physical burden, sexual impact, work impact, unmet needs, financial impact and global quality of life. Three studies explored other determinants that influenced the psychosocial experience and found that socioeconomic background (e.g., being female, lower education), CRC treatment (e.g., chemotherapy) and health status were associated with worse psychosocial impact.ConclusionsYoung‐onset CRC patients face severe psychosocial impact unique to this age group, such as self‐image and sexual impact. Social support services and resources needs to be uniquely tailored. More empirical investigations are required to understand its long‐term impact and influence of other psychosocial domains.
Multi‐omics data identified TP53 and LRP1B as key regulatory gene related to immune phenotypes via EPCAM in HCC
Authors: Shi Liang , Cao Jie , Lei Xin , Shi Yifen , Wu Lili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany studies showed that the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was significantly associated with the expressions of TP53 and LRP1B. However, the potential influence of the two genes on the malignant progression of HCC is still to be expounded.MethodsAccording to the correlation analysis between immune cells and expression levels of TP53 and LRP1B, we filtered the immune cells to perform unsupervised clustering analysis. Integration of multi‐omic data analysis identified genetic alteration and epigenetic alteration. In addition, pathway analysis was used to explore the potential function of the differentially expressed mRNAs. According to the differentially expressed genes, we established an interaction network to seek the hub gene. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to build a prognosis model.ResultsThe unsupervised clustering analysis showed that the cluster A1 showed the highest immune cell levels and the cluster B2 showed the lowest immune cell levels. Multi‐omics data analysis identified that somatic mutations, copy number variations, and DNA methylation levels had significant differences between cluster A1 and cluster B2. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the upregulated mRNAs in the cluster A1 were mainly concentrated in T cell activation, external side of plasma membrane, receptor ligand activity, and cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction. Importantly, the EPCAM was identified as a critical node in the lncRNAs–miRNAs–mRNAs regulatory network correlated with the immune phenotypes. In addition, based on differentially expressed genes between cluster A1 and cluster B2, the prognostic model established by LASSO could predict the overall survival (OS) of HCC accurately.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the TP53 and LRP1B acted as the key genes in regulating the immune phenotypes of HCC via EPCAM.