bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective method for accounting for the uncertainty of scenarios for the development of emergency situations in nuclear reactors
Authors: Okunev V S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The main goal of the research is to develop a method for accounting for uncertain data on scenarios for the development of emergency situations in nuclear reactors of a new generation. The method involves reducing the number of deterministic analogs (ideally, to two), in which the problems of reactor optimization (mathematical programming) should be solved. The proposed method is much more efficient in comparison with traditional techniques based on the use of uniformly distributed sequences. With the same accuracy, it was possible to reduce the calculation time by an order of magnitude. As an example, the layout of the BN-800 type reactor with sodium coolant and nitride fuel is considered. The most dangerous emergency situations - ATWS (anticipated transient without scram) - are considered. The researches carried out by the author make it possible to obtain the characteristics of a new generation reactor, which are optimal for a given criterion, in which severe accidents are excluded. This is the significance of research. The method can be used to study reactors of various types. The method is relevant at the initial stages of reactor development.
Research of possibility of application of catchment complex geo/morphological characteristic for determination of a wide spectrum of hydrological characteristics
Authors: Shalikovsky D A , Zaslonovskiy V N 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe situation that arises when calculating the hydrological characteristics of poorly studied and unexplored rivers is characterized. The possibility of using the "flow rate" value to determine the runoff characteristics is considered. A calculation method is proposed with the Transbaikal Kray Amur River basin as a study case.
Lichen indication of surface air pollution in CATE Zheleznogorsk
Authors: Koval’ Yu N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article focuses on evaluation of the level of air pollution in the forest territories surrounding the cityborders, using lichen indication. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that earlier this territory was not described for the quality of the surface air. The author notes that this area is exposed to recreational impact. The population living near these forests visit green areas, but do not have up-to-date data on the level of air pollution. According to the results of the study, we discovered 10 species of lichens, which are divided into 5 families and 10 genera. Analysis of ecological groups showed an average level of forest pollution.
Improving the energy efficiency of production processes at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation
Authors: Balogun A A A , Hefei Pi , Zakharova E S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The conclusion of the generating equipment for repair, in the optimal way, is the main one when planning repairs. But to consider this issue, it is necessary to understand the essence of the problem and find ways to solve the identified problem. It is necessary to start with the concept of "reliability", namely the reliability of electrical power systems. The article deals with power systems in general, properties of power systems, elements of power systems. The ratio of the functions and properties of energy systems is analyzed, where the main functions of the objects under consideration are: a function associated with the purpose of production equipment, a function associated with the fact of its creation. The meaning of the assignment function is that the object has some task that is performed. In turn, the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the task is directly related to reliability. Reliability is the property of an object to perform a specified function related to its purpose, subject to specified constraints.
Architectural and space-planning solutions of the research center for urban landscaping
Authors: Kukharenko D A , Fedorov O P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the principles of designing a research centre for urban landscaping. It gives the definition of the objects of this typology and justifies the need for the implementation of such complexes in modern highly urbanised cities, based on environmental and social prerequisites. The article also considers the principles of the placement of such a centre, determines the composition of the main functional zones and outlines the main strategies of its activity. As a result, models of functional blocks are proposed – the principles of space-planning formation inherent in a complex of such a profile.
Geoecological risks of agricultural development in old-developed regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Pashkov S V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of changing of agricultural geoecological risks in the conditions of intensification of crop production in the largest old farming area of Kazakhstan - North Kazakhstan region. As a result of virgin frontal plowing of steppe spaces, such erosion processes as deflation and ravine erosion on prone lands have intensified. The plowing of new land and the exponential growth of land under soil-depleting technical crops in the last decade threaten the environmental sustainability of agriculture in the medium- and long-term period. Due to these problems, a drop in the yield of grain and oilseeds cultures was fixed and this fact indicates the exhaustion of natural agropotential resources. An eventual scenario for the ecologically acceptable development of crop production is the intensified transition to adaptive landscape and accurate (precision) agriculture in combination with the combined use of mineral and biological fertilizers based on local raw materials.
A relationship between weather conditions and a number of forest fires
Authors: Ivchenko O A , Tiutin A V , Kozachenko M A , Pankin K E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work presents an approach to identifying the relationship between weather conditions in the region and a number of wild fires. On the basis on the official data, an assessment of meteorological conditions (average monthly air temperature, average monthly relative humidity, total precipitation, average wind speed) was carried out, and the hydrothermal coefficient was calculated for various areas of the Right-Bank and Left-Bank parts of the Saratov region. The obtained values are compared with the number of fires occurring in the selected territories: the study areas and parts of the Saratov region. It is shown that the best values of the correlation coefficients are observed when comparing data on the average relative air humidity and the number of fires. In some cases, a correlation is observed between the amount of precipitation and the average air temperature. Weather conditions are a combination of air temperature and relative humidity. Both of these parameters can be taken into account by calculating the hydrothermal coefficient, and its comparison with the number of fires may give a more accurate picture. Nevertheless, the calculation of the hydrothermal coefficient and the joint analysis of its values with the number of fires showed low values of the correlation coefficients. Nevertheless, if we combine the change in the values of the hydrothermal coefficient on the graph with the change in the number of forest fires, then it becomes clearly visible that there is a temporary shift in the period of occurrence of forest fires relative to the period of low level of moisture in the territory.
Analysis of environmental and natural factors affecting the justification of the location of the fuel and energy complex
Authors: Oznobikhina L A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The ecological state in the Southern Urals has not improved in recent years. The more industrial enterprises are located in the region, the more the natural habitat suffers. It should be recognized that it will be difficult for the region without stable production facilities. In fact, industrial enterprises provide a significant share of jobs and fill the regional budget to a greater extent. This article is devoted to the problems of removal of industrial facilities from the residential zone of the city. The analysis of the main problems of removal of industrial facilities is carried out. The variants of a land plot for the placement of a machine-building plant are considered.
Statistical aspects in assessment of chemical loads upon water bodies
Authors: Lepikhin A P , Voznyak A A , Sintsova T N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article implores accuracy of statistical estimations of water bodies’ hydro/chemical characteristics used in currently valid regulating documents concerning regulation of non-natural impacts upon water bodies. The authors have considered consistency of equidistributed estimates of values, medians and dispersions both theoretical and practically used distribution functions of hydro/chemical characteristics (ingredients content) of water bodies. Analysis of estimations consistence has been based on Mathcad 13 licensed software use. The calculations performed have demonstrated that the character of the receiving watercourse hydrological regime variability is determinative for consistence of the equidistributed values. With Cv >1 this estimates become inconsistent and errors of their estimates do not decrease with the amount of sampling increase. The authors have as well analyzed (with Mathcad 13) dependence of the root-sum-square uncertainty of the equidistributed values, medians, and dispersions with different functions of the waste water receiving watercourse rate and disposed waste water distributions. It has been shown that median estimations are characterized by incomparably higher statistical stability in comparison with estimations built up on equidistributed characteristics. We have demonstrated unreasonableness of the currently active regulation system with an example of the suspended matters normalization. It is necessary to decrease principally, at least by one order, errors of determination of the suspended alluvium concentration or to increase the value of maximal permissible excess of the alluvium content in the control range in comparison with the background content.
About Electric Energy Additional Losses Reduction at the Phase Currents Unbalancing in the 0.38 kV Operating Networks
Authors: Naumov I V , Podyachikh S V , Tretyakov A N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The materials of operation unbalancing modes studies in operating distribution electric 0.38 kV networks are presented. For research, electric energy parameters systematic measurements materials and its indicators characterizing the power quality have been used. The measurements were made by an electric grid organization order that provides to facilities power supply in the Irkutsk region. To assess the unbalancing modes, in accordance with the developed calculating the currents and voltages unbalance methods, the program “Imbalance-2" was created to determine these indicators. As a minimizing additional losses means, a special shunt-balancing device is used, which has the lowest possible zero-sequence currents resistance, which automatically changes its parameters. The program provides the device parameters determination in accordance with the changing current unbalance level at any time moment. Based on the created algorithm, the indicators characterizing the power quality, as well as additional power and energy losses caused by this unbalance are calculated and analyzed. It is established that the power quality meets the State Standard requirements, but the additional losses level is quite high. The full power total losses in the individual electrical network elements have been determined and the balancing device efficiency degree to reduce these losses are established. The used balancing device economic efficiency is determined.
Changes in the spatial organization of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain nature park
Authors: Kholodenko A V , Istomin S A , Kirillov S N , Slipenchuk M V , Istomin A P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Volga-Akhtuba floodplain is a unique intrazonal ecosystem of the Lower Volga. For many years, the landscapes of the area suffered from an intensive anthropogenic impact, starting with the commissioning of the Volga Hydroelectric Power Plant. Increasing anthropogenic pressure, high ecological value and standing out against the background of semi-desert areas led to the inclusion of this area into the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain Nature Park in 2000. This article analyses the changes in the functional zoning of the nature park at the beginning of active conservation activities and present. The authors reveal the main hotspots of economic activity represented by agriculture in the region and farmsteads, which include settlements, horticultural societies and their linear infrastructure (road and transport network). In addition, they identify forest ecosystems of particular ecological and aesthetic value. The analysis of the economic impact and distribution of unique forest ecosystems provides an assessment of the changes in the spatial organisation of the area.
Analysis of key carbon footprint issues (CO2)
Authors: Pavlova A V , Jalilov T A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the issue of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions into the atmosphere. The study identifies the main problem of gas emissions and describes optimal solutions. Solutions developed by other countries are discussed, and the cost of impelementing these solutions is calculated. To implement new standards, it is necessary to develop a plan, make amendments to the project. Project funding will become a problem for some countries, because the changes will affect people. New technologies should be tested in a simulator and, if necessary, modernized, in order to increase the demand for raw materials.
Development of polyfunctional sorbents based on zeolites for wastewater treatment
Authors: Obuzdina M V , Rush E A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents technological approaches to solving the problem of involving production waste in the technology of sorption treatment of wastewater by component composition. Zeolites of the Holinsky deposit of Eastern Transbaikalia of the klinoptilolite type were taken as the initial matrix for creating a sorbent. We propose to use chloroanic wastes as an adsorbent of heavy metal ions, as which we propose to consider epichlorohydrin. The analysis of existing technologies for the disposal of organochlorine wastes, as well as known sorption materials, using sulfur as one of the modifier components. As a result of the deposition of a sulfur-containing polymer network on the surface of natural zeolite, not only its hydrophobization occurs. Sulfur atoms appear in its composition, which contributes to an increase in the selective ability to heavy metal ions, while copper ions are sorbed most rapidly. Previously, we proposed a method for modifying natural zeolites with highly organosilicon compounds, which made it possible to effectively neutralize oily wastewater.
On the approach to the definition of the indicator and the scale for evaluation of security of population in residential buildings of the chemical contamination of the territory
Authors: Rybakov A V , Ivanov E V , Gorina L N , Kuzmin A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article considers an approach to assessing the indicator of protection of the population in an emergency situation at chemically hazardous facilities, leading to chemical contamination of the territory in a residential area, as well as the further development of this approach. The basis of this indicator is a numerical indicator of the toxic dose in an accident at a chemically dangerous object received by a person inside a residential building in comparison with a person outside buildings or premises. Based on the distribution of the toxic load and the comparison of its values with the studied indicator, the procedure for constructing an estimated scale of the security indicator is revealed, with the possibility of determining intervals for a qualitative assessment of the quantitative values of the security indicator.
Assessment of the impact of industrial activities on environmental quality and public health
Authors: Oznobikhina L A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human economic activity has led to serious pollution of our planet with various industrial wastes. The list of cities in Russia for air pollution increases annually. In modern industrial cities, the air environment is polluted by a complex mixture of substances, the composition of which is closely related to the nature of industrial production. The article deals with environmental problems of atmospheric pollution by chemicals of general industrial enterprises. Industrial enterprises located in a residential area of the city have an adverse effect on human health, the ecological situation, and other components of the natural environment that damage material values.
Assessment of environmental safety at the regional level
Authors: Kashkina E V , Puzyreva E A , Fedorova Yu A , Kashkin O I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In modern conditions of the development of the world economy, the issues of environmental protection and nature management are one of the most important topics. Many states of the world are actively trying to resolve issues related to the environment in order to overcome potential negative trends and prevent possible environmental disasters. In the Russian Federation, issues of nature management and environmental safety are also trying to regularly pay attention and allocate funds and resources aimed at improving the current situation. The issues of environmental safety in the light of the emergence of new diseases are very relevant and promising. Specific recommendations for improving the environmental situation are presented.
Control of zeta potential of polymer layers on selective ion exchange membranes for electrodialysis
Authors: Sabbatovskiy K , Sobolev V , Tsygurina K , Kirichenko E , Kirichenko K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The formation of compositions from polymer layers can significantly increase the monovalent selectivity of ion-conducting materials used in membrane separation processes. It is known that the achieved selectivity strongly correlates with the charge of the upper polymer layer determined through its zeta potential. It is of interest to confirm the strict dependence of the zeta potential on the charge of the upper polymer layer for rough commercial membranes. In this work, we studied the zeta potentials of polyallylamine and sodium polystyrene sulfonate adsorbed on heterogeneous membrane in solutions with different charge numbers of the counterion. It is shown that such coatings are characterized by more negative values of zeta potentials in comparison with those known for smooth coatings and that, upon transition to doubly charged counterions, there is no surface recharge.
Assessment of effects of the anthropogenic disturbance on plant communities and soils in urbanized territories
Authors: Shergina O V , Mironova A S , Mikhailova T A , Badryanova V V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research was conducted in forest and forest park zones of industrial cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Usolie-Sibirskoye, and Shelekhov (Irkutsk region, Eastern Siberia, Russia). The disturbance of biogeocenoses in the urban environment was assessed by a set of visual and morphostructural parameters of trees, the state of the grass cover, morphological and physical properties of soils. The study showed to what extent the structural and functional parameters of trees, grass cover, and soils of urbanized areas have changed in comparison with the background, what is the main trend of their transformation. It has been established that in urban forest parks, under conditions of high recreational load, the morphological and physical parameters of the topsoils are informative, as evidenced by their high correlations with the morphostructural parameters of trees. The results indicate that the most weakened trees grow on soils with a high density of the soil's upper horizons and unfavorable water-air conditions. For recreational areas, an increased level of degradation of organic matter, as well as a reduced content of plant nutrients were found. The selected set of parameters of plants and soils allows to estimate reliably the degree of their disturbance and can be used when substantiating the levels of anthropogenic loads on forest ecosystems within urbanized territories.
Optimization of mechanisms for preventing air pollution
Authors: Provodina E V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study has shown that the atmosphere, being a vital natural resource for humans, is constantly negatively influenced by the side effects of human social activities. As a resource that has no territorial boundaries, the atmosphere needs not only modern technologies to ensure its prosperity, but also intensive methods of protection. In this connection, the purpose of this article is to determine the necessary directions for optimizing the mechanisms for preventing atmospheric pollution. The isolation of mechanisms that control and guarantee the observance of the procedure for using this natural object, ensuring respect for the interaction of human society with the specified component of the environment, as well as identifying problems that create an obstacle to the full implementation of atmospheric pollution prevention mechanisms, contribute to the achievement of the set goal and predetermine the results of this study.
Comparative analytical study of landfill soil and soil from sanitary protection zone of the solid municipal waste landfill of the Irkutsk city for 2014 and 2019
Authors: Ulanova O V , Begunova L A , Kanenkin E I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The largest SMW landfill in the Irkutsk region is that in the Irkutsk city. In 2014, high heavy metal contents were registered in landfill soil samples taken at the landfill site, and it was proposed to perform monitoring outside the landfill in 2019 and determine the pollution distribution area. In this article, the comparative analysis of the degree of heavy metal pollution of the landfill soil and soil from sanitary protection zone is presented. It was established that the studied landfill soil refers to extremely hazardous soils with heavy metal contents that are up to 68 times higher than TLV. Soil samples from the landfill-affected area also contain heavy metals in high concentrations. The manufacturing supervision of the SMW landfill should include the continuous observation of the soil, water, and air condition in the zone of possible impact of the landfill for taking timely environmental protection measures and preventing further negative impact of the landfill on the ecosystem.