bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and offspring with overweight/obesity at preschool age: The possible role of epigenome‐wideDNAmethylation changes in cord blood
Authors: Chang Ruixia , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Jiahong , Xu Ke , Li Chunan , Zhang Jingli , Mei Wenhua , Zhang Hongzhong , Zhang Jianduan 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundEpigenome‐wide association studies have identified some DNA methylation sites associated with body mass index (BMI) or obesity. Studies in the Asian population are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine the association of cord blood genome‐wide DNA methylation (GWDm) changes with maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and children's BMI‐z score at preschool age. Additionally, we also explored the genome‐wide differentially methylated regions and differentially methylated probes between preschoolers with overweight/obesity and normal‐weight counterparts.MethodsThis two‐stage study design included (1) a GWDm analysis of 30 mother–child pairs from 633 participants of the Zhuhai birth cohort with data on newborn cord blood, maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, and children's BMI at 3 years of age; and (2) a targeted validation analysis of the cord blood of ten children with overweight/obesity and ten matched controls to validate the CpG sites.ResultsIn the first stage, no significant CpG sites were found to be associated with children's BMI‐z score at preschool age afterFDRcorrection with thep‐values of the CpG sites inFOXN3(cg23501836) andZNF264(cg27437574) being close to 1 × 10−6. In the second stage, a significant difference of CpG sites inAHRR(chr5:355067‐355068) andFOXN3(chr14: 89630264‐89630272 and chr14: 89630387‐89630388) was found between the ten children with overweight/obesity and ten controls (p < 0.05). The CpG sites inFOXN3(chr14:89630264‐89630272 and chr14:89630295‐89630296) andZNF264(chr19: 57703104‐57703107 and chr19: 57703301‐57703307) were associated with children's BMI‐z score; and the CpG sites inFOXN3(chr14: 89630264‐89630272 and chr14: 89630387‐89630388) were associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI.ConclusionsDNA methylation inFOXN3andAHRRis associated with overweight/obesity in preschool‐aged children, and the methylation inFOXN3andZNF264might be associated with children's BMI‐z score.FOXN3methylation may be associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, suggesting its potential role in the children's BMI‐z score or overweight/obesity. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of children's obesity.
Clinical trials for renal allograft tolerance induction through combined hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A narrative review
Authors: Hotta Kiyohiko , Hirose Takayuki , Kawai Tatsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the last four decades, development of effective immunosuppressants has significantly improved short‐term results of organ transplantation. However, long‐term results have not been satisfactory due to chronic rejection or complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, induction of immunological tolerance of the transplanted organ is considered essential to improve the long‐term results. Despite numerous tolerance strategies that have been successful in murine models, inducing hematopoietic chimerism through donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only method that reproducibly induces kidney allograft tolerance in nonhuman primates or humans. Combining kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to achieve allograft tolerance has now been attempted with different chimerism strategies. This review summarizes the status of current clinical trials on the induction of allograft tolerance. We also summarize recent studies to extend the chimerism approach to deceased donor transplant recipients.
Prospective randomized trial of 2 versus 12‐weeks of postoperative antibiotics after percutaneous nephrolithotomy in complex patients with infection‐related kidney stones
Authors: Chew Ben H. , Reicherz Alina , Krambeck Amy E. , Miller Nicole L. , Hsi Ryan S. , Scotland Kymora B. , Miller David , Paterson Ryan F. , Wong Victor K. F. , Semins Michelle J. , Lange Dirk 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTreatment of struvite kidney stones requires complete surgical stone removal combined with antibiotic therapy to eliminate urinary tract infections and preventive measures to reduce stone recurrence. The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy is unknown. We sought to determine if 2‐ or 12‐weeks of antibiotics post percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for infection stones resulted in better outcomes for stone recurrence and positive urine cultures.Material and methodsThis multi‐center, prospective randomized trial evaluated patients with the clinical diagnosis of infection stones. Patients were randomized to 2‐ or 12‐weeks of postoperative oral antibiotics (nitrofurantoin or culture‐specific antibiotic) and included if residual fragments were ≤4 mm on computed tomography imaging after PNL. Imaging and urine analyses were performed at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐procedure.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were enrolled and randomized to either 2‐weeks (n = 20) or 12‐weeks (n = 18) of antibiotic therapy post‐PNL. Eleven patients were excluded due to residual fragments >4 mm, and 3 patients were lost to follow‐up. The primary outcome was the stone‐free rate (SFR) at 6 months post‐PNL. At 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months follow‐up, SFRs were 72.7% versus 80.0%, 70.0% versus 57.1%, 80.0% versus 57.1% (p = ns), between 2‐ and 12‐week‐groups, respectively. At 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐months follow‐up, positive urine cultures were 50.0% versus 37.5%, 50.0% versus 83.3%, and 37.5% versus 100% between 2‐ and 12‐week groups, respectively (p = ns).ConclusionsFor patients with stone removal following PNL, neither 2‐weeks nor 12‐weeks of postoperative oral antibiotics is superior to prevent stones and recurrent positive urine cultures.
Trends in direct oral anticoagulant use in patients presenting with acute stroke
Authors: Teow Kang H. , Tan Peter S. , Frost Tanya , Dewey Helen M. , Borosak Marija , Choi Philip M. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute ischaemic strokes occur despite the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). A retrospective review was conducted at a high‐volume primary stroke centre over a 3‐year period to assess the acute management of stroke presentations in patients prescribed DOACs. During the time period of the study, 103 of 195 anticoagulated stroke patients presented within the timeframe for thrombolysis and only 15 patients had DOAC plasma level assays performed. Of these 103, 5 received thrombolysis; however, DOAC level was not a factor in these cases.
Perpetuating Crisis as a Supply Strategy: The Role of (Nativist) Populist Governments in EU Policymaking on Refugee Distribution
Authors: Zaun Natascha , Ripoll Servent Ariadna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe still know very little of how populist governments behave as compared to mainstream governments in Council decision‐making. Studying the ‘crucial case’ of negotiations around refugee distribution in the EU, an issue which allows populists to mobilize both anti‐EU and anti‐immigrant sentiment, we demonstrate that populist governments differ from mainstream ones in three important ways: First, they reject formal and informal rules of Council decision‐making if these are not conducive to their preferred outcome; second, they reject traditional means of ensuring compromise such as package‐deals and side‐payments; third, they reject the final solution and exploit the ensuing deadlock to prove that the EU is weak and dysfunctional. We show that populist governments adopt such a behaviour even when they would benefit from the adoption of a policy solution. However, we expect populists to engage in such political games only when the negative effects of non‐decisions are not immediate.
It's all about cognitive trajectory: Accuracy of the cognitive charts–MoCA in normal aging, MCI, and dementia
Authors: Bernier Patrick J. , Gourdeau Christian , Carmichael Pierre‐Hugues , Beauchemin Jean‐Pierre , Voyer Philippe , Hudon Carol , Laforce Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is an established cognitive screening tool in older adults. It remains unclear, however, how to interpret its scores over time and distinguish age‐associated cognitive decline (AACD) from early neurodegeneration. We aimed to create cognitive charts using the MoCA for longitudinal evaluation of AACD in clinical practice.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (9684 participants aged 60 years or older) who completed the MoCA at baseline. We developed a linear regression model for the MoCA score as a function of age and education. Based on this model, we generated the Cognitive Charts‐MoCA designed to optimize accuracy for distinguishing participants with MCI and dementia from healthy controls. We validated our model using two separate data sets.ResultsFor longitudinal evaluation of the Cognitive Charts‐MoCA, sensitivity (SE) was 89%, 95% confidence interval (CI): [86%, 92%] and specificity (SP) 79%, 95% CI: [77%, 81%], hence showing better performance than fixed cutoffs of MoCA (SE 82%, 95% CI: [79%, 85%], SP 68%, 95% CI: [67%, 70%]). For current cognitive status or baseline measurement, the Cognitive Charts‐MoCA had a SE of 81%, 95% CI: [79%, 82%], SP of 84%, 95% CI: [83%, 85%] in distinguishing healthy controls from mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Results in two additional validation samples were comparable.ConclusionsThe Cognitive Charts‐MoCA showed high validity and diagnostic accuracy for determining whether older individuals show abnormal performance on serial MoCAs. This innovative model allows longitudinal cognitive evaluation and enables prompt initiation of investigation and treatment when appropriate.
Mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived social support and burnout among Chinese palliative nurses
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Guan Chang , Jiang Jianjun , Zhu Chuanmei , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo detect the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived social support and burnout in Chinese palliative nurses.BackgroundPalliative nurses are a group that is vulnerable to burnout. Perceived social support may contribute to decreasing palliative nurses' burnout and facilitating their personal resilience, and resilience may be associated with lower levels of burnout. However, these relationships were unclear in the Chinese context.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe STROBE guideline was performed to report this study. A mixed sampling method including convenience sampling and stratified sampling was used to recruit participants, and a total of 319 palliative nurses completed the Nursing Burnout Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale from May 2021 to September 2021. Influencing factors were primarily identified using independent‐sample t tests and one‐way ANOVA. Bootstrap method was used to detect the mediating effect of resilience.ResultsThe level of burnout in palliative nurses (23.4 ± 7.68) was higher than that of general nurses in China. Education level, health condition and monthly income were influencing factors of burnout. Resilience was detected as a mediator in the relationships between perceived social support and dimensions of burnout.ConclusionsChinese palliative nurses experience a relatively high level of burnout, which may be influenced by several sociodemographic variables. Resilience could mediate the effect of perceived social support on the dimensions of burnout. Problem‐oriented and palliative‐tailored strategies should be developed to further address burnout in Chinese palliative nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse managers and policy makers should support nurse ongoing education, adopt health‐promoting interventions and optimise salary systems. In addition, perceived social support resources and resilience training programmes are also warranted.Patient or public contributionAll participants were invited to complete the informed consent form and paper questionnaires. Human resource managers helped us collect some subjective data through the personnel management system. Nurse managers of palliative units conducted regular staff meetings to promote the data collection process.
A 3‐year prospective cohort on the incidence of prosthodontic complications associated with three implant treatment options for the edentulous mandible
Authors: de Araújo Sara Cristina , Hartmann Roberto , Curado Thalita Fernandes Fleury , Schimmel Martin , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective study assessed the number and reasons for post‐treatment visits due to prosthodontic complications in patients treated with three types of implant treatment for the edentulous mandible.MethodsStudy groups comprised patients treated with single‐implant overdenture (G‐I; n = 11), 2‐implant overdenture (G‐II; n = 13), and 4‐implant fixed prosthesis (G‐III; n = 13). Programmed recall visits occurred at the 6‐, 12‐ and 36‐month follow‐ups. The management of prosthodontic complications occurred continuously in unscheduled appointments. Data analysis included calculation of incidence rates, chi‐square and Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and Poisson regression with robust error variance to model the occurrence of visits due to prosthodontic complications.ResultsThere were 89 unscheduled appointments during the entire follow‐up period, ranging from 0 to 7 (mean = 2.41; SD = 2.2) per patient. No between‐group differences were found regarding the frequency of unscheduled visits. However, the duration of the appointments (scheduled and unscheduled) was significantly higher for G‐III (p < .001). The length of follow‐up was the only predictor of the number of post‐insertion visits (p = .004). The frequency of prosthodontic events was higher for G‐I and G‐II compared to G‐III (p < .001). Nearly half of the events in G‐I and G‐II were matrix replacements, and artificial teeth fracture was more frequent in G‐III.ConclusionsAll patients were at risk of post‐delivery prosthodontic complications and required regular recall visits to achieve satisfactory function and to prevent further problems. Overdentures required higher rates of maintenance visits, particularly for replacement of the retentive inserts, while fixed implant prostheses required longer clinical times for management of complications when compared to overdentures.
Expression profile analysis of long noncoding RNA and messenger RNA during mouse cementoblast mineralization
Authors: Huang Hantao , Wang Xiaoxuan , Liao Haiqing , Ma Li , Jiang Chenxi , Yao Siqi , Liu Huan , Cao Zhengguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEmerging evidence has uncovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) exert biofunctions on cellular mineralization and bone formation. In this study, we aimed to identify lncRNA–mRNA expression profiles and expression patterns, and explore their underlying biofunctions during cementoblast mineralization.Materials and MethodsCementoblasts were cultured in mineralized medium for 0, 7, and 14 days. We used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot (WB) to detect expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and Osterix (Osx). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining (ARS) were conducted to detect ALP activity and number of mineralized nodule. Total RNA was extracted from cells and used for high‐throughput sequencing. EBSeq package was applied to analyze differentially expressed genes. Mfuzz R package was used to identify gene expression patterns. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to explore co‐expressed mRNAs of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were adopted by Clusterprofile R package.ResultsCementoblasts were successfully induced by osteogenic medium. Compared with those on day 0, 384 DElncRNAs and 4255 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), respectively, were found on day 7. Meanwhile, 645 DElncRNAs and 4717 DEmRNAs were detected on day 14. Both DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were classified into six clusters with different expression patterns. DEmRNAs and co‐expressed mRNA of DElncRNAs were predominantly related to cell process, binding, phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)‐Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) signaling pathway, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and hippo signaling pathway.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that both noncoding and coding RNAs were involved in the process of mineralization in cementoblasts, which may provide a new database for further study.
The evolutionary rate of leaf osmotic strength drives diversification of Primulina species in karst regions
Authors: Wu Gui‐Lin , Ye Qing , Liu Hui , Chen De‐Xiang , Zhou Zhang , Kang Ming , Kong Hang‐Hui , Qiu Zhi‐Jing , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeaf water storage capacity and osmotic strength are important traits enabling species to adapt to environments that are often moisture limited. However, whether these drought tolerance traits are correlated with the species diversification rate (DR) of plant lineages is yet to be determined. In this study, we selected a species‐rich genus (Primulina) of plants widely distributed in karst regions in which species frequently experience variable periods of drought. We measured water storage capacity‐related traits (including leaf thickness and water content per mass) and saturated osmotic strength in the leaves of 58 Primulina species growing in a common garden. Subsequently, using phylogenetic methods, we examined the relationships between the rate of species diversification and the drought tolerance traits and between the species DR and evolutionary rates of these traits. We found that neither water storage capacity nor saturated osmotic strength showed significant relationships with the rate of species diversification. However, the evolutionary rate of saturated osmotic strength showed a significant correlation with the species DR, although no comparable significant relationship was detected regarding the evolutionary rate of water storage capacity. Our study indicates that the diversification among Primulina species has typically been accompanied by an extensive divergence of leaf osmotic strength but not a divergence in leaf water storage capacity. These findings will enhance our current understanding of how drought tolerance influences the diversification of plant species in karst regions.
Significance of different milling methods on white proso millet flour physicochemical, rheological, and baking properties
Authors: Doddabematti Prakash Shivaprasad , Nkurikiye Eric , Rajpurohit Bipin , Li Yonghui , Siliveru Kaliramesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProso millet is a nutritious, sustainable, and gluten free food which is currently underutilized. They can be incorporated into the grain industry and provide much needed healthy alternatives. Efficient grinding method should be adopted for easy incorporation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different methods of grinding namely, roller milling (RM), pin milling (PM), and hammer milling (HM) on proso millet flour rheology and baking properties for food application. The milling flow sheet was developed toward the production of the quality whole grain flour. The particle size distribution of all the flours showed bi‐modal distribution except for the RM flour. The PM produced the flour with the finest particles with geometric mean diameter of 82 μm. The study also revealed that starch damage in the PM flour (4.64%) was higher than RM (2.46%) and HM flour (2.51%). The nutritional composition was not significantly affected by different grinding methods. Pasting properties of the flour were also affected by the grinding method applied. Rapid Visco Analysis profile showed pin mill flour to have a higher peak viscosity (PV) (2,295 cP) compared to HM (2,065 cP) and RM flour (2,130 cP). Finally, this study demonstrated that the production of bread from proso millet flour with desirable quality and texture is possible. The grinding method did not affect the specific volume of bread loaves and C‐cell characteristics. The specific volume of the breads ranged from 2.40 to 2.52 cm3/g. This study will help in promoting and producing value‐added proso millet food products with enhanced nutritional quality.
The exodomain of the impaired oomycete susceptibility 1 receptor mediates both endoplasmic reticulum stress responses and abscisic acid signalling during downy mildew infection of Arabidopsis
Authors: Giordano Laïla , Schimmerling Marion , Panabières Franck , Allasia Valérie , Keller Harald 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates cell growth and plant development, and contributes to defence responses to pathogens. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis malectin‐like domain leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase (MLD‐LRR‐RLK) impaired oomycete susceptibility 1 (IOS1) attenuates ABA signalling during infection with the oomycete downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The exodomain of IOS1 with its MLD retains the receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it interacts with the ribophorin HAP6 to dampen a pathogen‐induced ER stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The down‐regulation of both ABA and UPR signalling probably provides the pathogen with an advantage for infection. Here, we show that ABA‐related phenotypes of the ios1‐1 mutant, such as up‐regulated expression of ABA‐responsive genes and hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA application, were reverted by expression of the IOS1 exodomain in the mutant background. Furthermore, knockdown mutants for ER‐resident HAP6 showed similarly reduced UPR and ABA signalling, indicating that HAP6 positively regulates both pathways. Our data suggest that the IOS1 exodomain and HAP6 contribute in the ER to the IOS1‐mediated interference with ABA and UPR signalling.