bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-term Surgery Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Prasad Nikhil K. , Mayorga-Carlin Minerva , Sahoo Shalini , Englum Brian R. , Turner Douglas J. , Siddiqui Tariq , Lake Rachel , Sorkin John D. , Lal Brajesh K. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Determine mid-term postoperative outcomes among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive (+) patients compared with those who never tested positive before surgery.

Background:
COVID-19 is thought to be associated with prohibitively high rates of postoperative complications. However, prior studies have only evaluated 30-day outcomes, and most did not adjust for demographic, clinical, or procedural characteristics.

Methods:
We analyzed data from surgeries performed at all Veterans Affairs hospitals between March 2020 and 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves compared trends in mortality and Cox proportional hazards models estimated rates of mortality and pulmonary, thrombotic, and septic postoperative complications between patients with a positive preoperative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test [COVID (+)] and propensity score–matched COVID-negative (−) patients.

Results:
Of 153,741 surgical patients, 4778 COVID (+) were matched to 14,101 COVID (−). COVID (+) status was associated with higher postoperative mortality (P<0.0001) with a 6-month survival of 94.2% (95% confidence interval: 93.2–95.2) versus 96.0% (95% confidence interval: 95.7.0–96.4) in COVID (−). The highest mortality was in the first 30 postoperative days. Hazards for mortality and postoperative complications in COVID (+) decreased with increasing time between testing COVID (+) and date of surgery. COVID (+) patients undergoing elective surgery had similar rates of mortality, thrombotic and septic complications, but higher rates of pulmonary complications than COVID (−) patients.

Conclusions:
This is the first report of mid-term outcomes among COVID-19 patients undergoing surgery. COVID-19 is associated with decreased overall and complication-free survival primarily in the early postoperative period, delaying surgery by 5 weeks or more reduces risk of complications. Case urgency has a multiplicative effect on short-term and long-term risk of postoperative mortality and complications.
Intraportal Islet Autotransplantation Independently Improves Quality of Life After Total Pancreatectomy in Patients With Chronic Refractory Pancreatitis
Authors: Chinnakotla Srinath , Beilman Gregory J. , Vock David , Freeman Martin L. , Kirchner Varvara , Dunn Ty B. , Pruett Timothy L. , Amateau Stuart K. , Trikudanathan Guru , Schwarzenberg Sarah J. , Downs Elissa , Armfield Matthew , Ramanathan Karthik , Sutherland David E.R. , Bellin Melena D. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To determine if islet autotransplantation (IAT) independently improves the quality of life (QoL) in patients after total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT).

Background:
TP-IAT is increasingly being used for intractable chronic pancreatitis. However, the impact of IAT on long-term islet function and QoL is unclear.

Methods:
TP-IAT patients at our center >1 year after TP-IAT with ≥1 Short Form-36 QoL measure were included. Patients were classified as insulin-independent or insulin-dependent, and as having islet graft function or failure by C-peptide. The associations of insulin use and islet graft function with QoL measures were analyzed by using a linear mixed model, accounting for time since transplant and within-person correlation.

Results:
Among 817 islet autograft recipients, 564 patients [median (interquartile range) age: 34 (20, 45) years, 71% female] and 2161 total QoL surveys were included. QoL data were available for >5 years after TP-IAT for 42.7% and for >10 years for 17.3%. Insulin-independent patients exhibited higher QoL in 7 of 8 subscale domains and for Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores (P<0.05 for all). Physical Component Summary was 2.91 (SE=0.57) higher in insulin-independent patients (P<0.001). No differences in QoL were observed between those with and without graft function, but islet graft failure was rare (15% of patients). However, glycosylated hemoglobin was much higher with islet graft failure.

Conclusions:
QoL is significantly improved when insulin independence is present, and glycosylated hemoglobin is lower with a functioning islet graft. These data support offering IAT, rather than just performing total pancreatectomy and treating with exogenous insulin.
Mental Health Care Following Firearm and Motor Vehicle-related Injuries
Authors: Ehrlich Peter F. , Pulcini Christian D. , De Souza Heidi G. , Hall Matt , Andrews Annie , Zima Bonnie T. , Fein Joel A. , Chaudhary Sofia , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Fleegler Eric W. , Jeffries Kristyn N. , Goyal Monika K. , Hargarten Stephen W. , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To compare new mental health diagnoses (NMHD) in children after a firearm injury versus following a motor vehicle collision (MVC).

Background:
A knowledge gap exists regarding childhood mental health diagnoses following firearm injuries, notably in comparison to other forms of traumatic injury.

Methods:
We utilized Medicaid MarketScan claims (2010–2016) to conduct a matched case-control study of children ages 3 to 17 years. Children with firearm injuries were matched with up to 3 children with MVC injuries. Severity was determined by injury severity score and emergency department disposition. We used multivariable logistic regression to measure the association of acquiring a NMHD diagnosis in the year postinjury after firearm and MVC mechanisms.

Results:
We matched 1450 children with firearm injuries to 3691 children with MVC injuries. Compared to MVC injuries, children with firearm injuries were more likely to be black, have higher injury severity score, and receive hospital admission from the emergency department (P<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of NMHD diagnosis was 1.55 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.33–1.80] greater after firearm injuries compared to MVC injuries. The odds of a NMHD were higher among children admitted to the hospital compared to those discharged. The increased odds of NMHD after firearm injuries was driven by increases in substance-related and addictive disorders (aOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.63–2.64) and trauma and stressor-related disorders (aOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.55–2.76).

Conclusions:
Children were found to have 50% increased odds of having a NMHD in the year following a firearm injury as compared to MVC. Programmatic interventions are needed to address children’s mental health following firearm injuries.
An environment to genome control loop using RNA interference processing of secreted tRNAs may regulates the C. elegans chemo-sensory behavior
Authors: Remy Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTAlanine tRNAs (UGC) control the development of the innate and the environment-modulated acquired C. elegans chemo-attractive responses. Some Ala-tRNA isomers are required for the development of the chemo-attractive behavior (dev-tRNAs), while others (odor-tRNAs) are made as life-term olfactory imprints of early larval odor-exposures.dev-tRNAs and odor-tRNAs biosynthesis respectively require the tRNA modifying Elongator complex sub-units ELPC-3 and ELPC-1: while elpc-3 mutants are chemo-attraction deficients, elpc-1 mutants do not synthesize odor-tRNAs imprints.Feeding wild-type dev-tRNAs restore a wild-type behavior in elpc-3 mutants. Feeding purified odor-tRNAs enhances odor responses (positive imprinting) in adult wild-type worms, while it decreases odor responses (negative imprinting) in adult imprinting deficient elpc-1 mutants.Both positive and negative imprinting can be stably inherited in worm populations. Crossing experiments indicate that both behavioral phenotypes segregate as monogenic monoallelic alterations, following Mendelian inheritance rules.Co-culture and food conditioning suggest the developmental and the odor-specific regulatory Ala-tRNAs are released in worms environment. Commensal naive acquire odor-specific imprinting from odor-experienced, while co-culture together with wild-type animals fully rescues the chemo-attractive defects of the elpc-3 mutants.Worm to worm communication of imprinting require a number of RNA interference (RNAi) genes as the intestinal RNA transporter SID-2, the initial exogenous RNAi Dicer/RDE-1/DRH-1-2/RDE-4 complexe, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RRF-3. Moreover, a male contribution of the 3’-exonuclease ERI-1 activity determines whether olfactory imprints will be erased or stably fixed and inherited in worms progeny.The RNAi processing of externalized chemosensory regulatory Ala-tRNAs would generate small interfering tRNAs (si-tRNAs) able to target only tRNA complementary sequences present on worm genome, that is the tDNA genes and the transcription independent extra-TFIIIC sites.A model of control loop in which olfactory receptor expression levels in chemosensory neurons could be non-genetically but stably regulated via RNAi processing of secreted constitutive or environment-modified Ala-tRNAs is discussed.
Inhibitors of ROCK kinases induce multiple mitotic defects and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells
Authors: Martino Julieta , Siri Sebastián O. , Paviolo Natalia S. , Garro Cintia , Pansa María F. , Carbajosa Sofía , Brown Aaron C. , Bocco José L. , Gloger Israel , Drewes Gerard , Madauss Kevin P. , Soria Gastón , Gottifredi Vanesa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBRCA2-deficient cells are highly sensitive to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) due to their impaired homologous recombination repair. This increased cytotoxicity is triggered by DNA replication stress induced by PARP trapping on DNA. Thus, it is broadly assumed that DNA damage is a prerequisite for BRCA2 synthetic lethality (SL). Here we show that inhibiting ROCK kinases in BRCA2 deficient cells, triggers SL independently from acute replication stress. In contrast, such SL is preceded by enhanced M-phase defects such as anaphase bridges, and abnormal mitotic figures, which were associated with multipolar spindles, supernumerary centrosomes and multinucleation. SL was also triggered by inhibiting Citron Rho-interacting kinase, another enzyme which, similarly to ROCK kinases, regulates cytokinesis. Together, these observations suggest cytokinesis failure as trigger of mitotic abnormalities and SL in BRCA2 cells. Furthermore, preventing mitotic entry by Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) depletion promoted survival of BRCA2 deficient cells treated with inhibitors of ROCK kinases, thus reinforcing the association between M-phase and the cell death in BRCA2 deficient cells. This novel mechanism of SL induction is in contrast to the one triggered by PARPi and uncovers mitosis as an Achilles heel of BRCA2 deficient cells.
The Math of Margins: A Fresh Look at Bread Loaf Sections, Unchallenged Assumptions, and Citogenesis
Authors: Warne Melissa M. , Klawonn Matthew M. , Brodell Robert T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough there are many possible ways to treat skin cancer, most skin cancers are effectively treated by complete excision followed by standard histologic evaluation to ensure clear margins. The bread loaf technique describes a common method of processing specimens in which multiple slices of tissue are taken perpendicular to the major axis of an excision and submitted for microscopic analysis. Although sections may only be approximately four microns thick (0.000004 meters), this method is associated with high cure rates for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Some authors have stated that this technique assesses less than 1% of the margins. We critically reviewed this assumption. While we confirm that the bread loaf technique often directly visualizes 1% or less of the peripheral and deep margins when considering only the width of sections compared to the entire length of an excisional specimen of the excision, much useful additional information is gained as soon as clear sections are identified towards the tips of a typical excisional specimen. For tumors that tend to grow in a nodular or spherical arrangement such as nodular basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of keratoacanthomatous type, we show that a variable but significant portion of the margin may be considered sampled by proxy when slice faces are clear. We highlight the importance of understanding the principles involved in tissue sectioning in order to allow clinicians to make informed decisions on behalf of patients.
Coupling Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Surveillance and Modelling of SARS-COV-2/COVID-19: Practical Applications at the Public Health Agency of Canada
Authors: Joung Meong Jin , Mangat Chand S , Mejia Edgard , Nagasawa Audra , Nichani Anil , Perez-Iratxeta Carol , Peterson Shelley W , Champredon David 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of SARS-CoV-2 offers a complementary tool for clinical surveillance to detect and monitor Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can shed the virus through the fecal route, WBS has the potential to measure community prevalence of COVID-19 without restrictions from healthcare-seeking behaviors and clinical testing capacity. During the Omicron wave, the limited capacity of clinical testing to identify COVID-19 cases in many jurisdictions highlighted the utility of WBS to estimate disease prevalence and inform public health strategies. However, there is a plethora of in-sewage, environmental and laboratory factors that can influence WBS outputs. The implementation of WBS therefore requires a comprehensive framework to outline an analysis pipeline that accounts for these complex and nuanced factors. This article reviews the framework of the national WBS conducted at the Public Health Agency of Canada to present WBS methods used in Canada to track and monitor SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we focus on five Canadian cities – Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal and Halifax – whose wastewater signals are analyzed by a mathematical model to provide case forecasts and reproduction number estimates. This work provides insights on approaches to implement WBS at the national scale in an accurate and efficient manner. Importantly, the national WBS system has implications beyond COVID-19, as a similar framework can be applied to monitor other infectious disease pathogens or antimicrobial resistance in the community.
Efficacy of AI-assisted personalized microbiome modulation by diet in functional constipation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arslan Naciye Çiğdem , Gündoğdu Aycan , Tunali Varol , Topgül Oğuzhan Hakan , Beyazgül Damla , Nalbantoğlu Özkan Ufuk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent medications and behavioral modifications have limited success in the treatment of functional constipation (FC). An individualized diet based on microbiome analysis may improve symptoms in FC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of microbiome modulation on chronic constipation.MethodsBetween December 2020 December 2021, 50 patients fulfilling Rome IV criteria for functional constipation were randomized into two groups. The Control group received sodium picosulfate plus conventional treatments (i.e., laxatives, enemas, increased fiber, and fluid intake). The study group underwent microbiome analysis and received an individualized diet with the assistance of a soft computing system (Enbiosis Biotechnology, Sariyer, Istanbul). Differences in Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life (PAC QoL) score and complete bowel movements per week (CBMpW) were compared between groups after 6 week intervention.ResultsThe mean age of the overall cohort (n= 45) was 31.5 years with 88.9% female predominance. The customized diet developed for subjects on the study arm resulted in a 2.5 fold increase in CBMpW after 6 weeks (1.7 vs. 4.3). The proportion of the study group patients with CBMpW>3 was 83% at the end of the study and the satisfaction score was increased 4 fold from the baseline (3.1 to 10.7 points). More than 50% improvement in PAC-QoL scores was observed in 88% of the study cohort compared to 40% in the control group (p: 0.001).ConclusionThe AI assisted customized diet based on individual microbiome analysis performed significantly better compared to the conventional therapy based on patient-reported outcomes in the treatment of functional constipation.
The influence of transtibial prosthesis type on gait adaptation: a case study
Authors: Cherni Yosra , Laurendeau Simon , Robet Maxime , Turcot Katia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeGait parameters are altered and asymmetrical in individual with transtibial amputation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of four different prosthetic feet on lower-limb biomechanics during gait.MethodsOne young adult with transtibial ampution performed four gait analysis sessions with four foot-ankle prosthesis (Variflex, Meridium, Echelon, Kinterra). Kinematic, kinetic parameters and gait symmetry were analyzed during different prosthesis conditions.ResultsThe type of prosthesis had little effect on amputee’ spatiotemporal parameters. Throughout the stance phase, an increase hip angle and a reduced knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion were observed in the amputated leg. For kinetic parameters, a reduced propulsive force (SI=0.42–0.65), reduced knee extension moment (mainly during Echelon and Kinterra conditions, SI=0.17 and 0.32, respectively) and an increased knee abduction moment (mainly during the Variflex and Meridium, SI=5.74 and 8.93, respectively) in the amputated leg. Lower support moments were observed in the amputated leg compared to the unaffected leg, regardless of the type of prosthesis (SI=0.61–0.80).ConclusionsThe prostheses tested induced different lower-limb mechanical adaptations. If better gait symmetry between lower limbs is one of the clinical goals, an objective gait analysis could help clinicians to prescribe prosthetic feet based on quantitative measurement indicators.
Seed-based connectivity of ventral tegmental area correlates with decreased physical fitness in schizophrenia
Authors: Hamzehpour Lara , Bohn Tamara , Jaspers Lucia , Grimm Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOverweight and decreased physical fitness are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, represent a major risk factor for cardio-vascular diseases and decrease the patients’ life expectancies. It is thus important to understand the underlying mechanisms that link psychopathology and weight gain. We hypothesize that the dopaminergic reward system plays an important role in this.MethodsWe analyzed the seed-based functional connectivity (FC) of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in a group of schizophrenic patients (n = 32) and age- as well as gender matched healthy controls (n = 27). We then correlated the resting-state results with physical fitness parameters, obtained in a fitness test, and psychopathology.ResultsThe seed-based connectivity analysis revealed decreased functional connections between the VTA and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and increased functional connectivity between the VTA and the middle temporal gyrus in patients compared to healthy controls. The decreased FC between the VTA and the ACC of the patient group could further be associated with increased body fat and negatively correlated with the overall physical fitness. We found no significant correlations with psychopathology.ConclusionAlthough we did not find significant correlations with psychopathology, we could link decreased physical fitness and high body fat with dysconnectivity between the VTA and the ACC in schizophrenia. These findings demonstrate that a dysregulated reward system is not just responsible for symptomatology in schizophrenia but is also involved in comorbidities and could pave the way for future lifestyle therapy interventions.
Capturing the SARS-CoV-2 infection pyramid within the municipality of Rotterdam using longitudinal sewage surveillance
Authors: de Graaf Miranda , Langeveld Jeroen , Post Johan , Carrizosa Christian , Franz Eelco , Izquierdo-Lara Ray.W. , Elsinga Goffe , Heijnen Leo , Been Frederic , van Beek Janko , Schilperoort Remy , Vriend Rianne , Fanoy Ewout , de Schepper Evelien I.T. , Koopmans Marion P.G. , Medema Gertjan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite high vaccination rates in the Netherlands, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to circulate. Longitudinal sewage monitoring was implemented along with the notification of cases as two parts of the surveillance pyramid to validate the use of sewage surveillance for monitoring SARS-CoV-2, as an early warning tool, and to measure the effect of interventions.MethodsSewage samples were collected from nine neighborhoods from September 2020 to November 2021, and compared with reported cases. Comparative analysis and modeling were performed to understand the correlation between wastewater and case trends.FindingsUsing high resolution sampling, normalization of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and ‘normalization’ of reported positive tests for testing delay and intensity, the incidence of reported positive tests could be modeled based on sewage data, and trends in both surveillance systems coincided. The high collinearity implied that high levels of viral shedding around the onset of disease largely determines SARS-CoV-2 levels in wastewater and the observed relation was independent of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination levels.InterpretationWastewater surveillance can accurately display SARS-CoV-2 dynamics for small and large locations, and is sensitive enough to measure small variations in the number of infected individuals within or between neighborhoods. With the transition to a post-acute phase of the pandemic, continued sewage surveillance can help to keep sight on reemergence, but continued “pyramid” validation studies are needed to assess the predictive value of sewage surveillance with new variants.FundingHorizon H2020, Adessium Foundation, STOWA, TKI, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport