bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the temperature‐dependent isomerization of all‐trans‐1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene in solution: A reappraisal
Authors: Catalán Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we present absorption, emission, and excitation of emission spectra of all‐trans‐DPH obtained in solution between 77 and 363 K. The analysis of these spectra allows to evaluate that this molecular probe, widely used in biophysics, does not isomerizes in solution to s‐cis‐DPH at the temperatures explored. These results are in contradiction to those reported by previous studies that emphasize that (a) all‐trans‐DPH isomerizes to s‐cis‐DPH when dissolved and the temperature ranges from 283 to 373 K and (b) the molar fraction of s‐cis‐conformer equals, or even exceeds, the molar fraction of the all‐trans‐conformer at the highest temperature studied. In this work, we show how we can infer the changes taking place in the molecular structure of DPH looking at the wavenumber (ν) shift of the peaks on the absorption and emission spectra as a function of temperature. The analysis of these band shifts allows us to corroborate the change, determined by Ogawa et al. by X‐ray diffraction, that occurs in the structure of DPH in the crystalline phase through a bicycle pedal process with temperature.
Prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal pain in patients with dizziness—A systematic review
Authors: Moen Unni , Magnussen Liv Heide , Wilhelmsen Kjersti Thulin , Goplen Frederik Kragerud , Nordahl Stein Helge Glad , Meldrum Dara , Knapstad Mari Kalland 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeMusculoskeletal disorders are among the leading causes of disability globally, but their role in patients with dizziness and imbalance is not well understood or explored. Such knowledge may be important as musculoskeletal pain and dizziness can mutually influence each other, leading to a complex condition requiring more comprehensive approaches to promote successful recovery. We conducted a systematic review to examine the extent and characteristic of reported musculoskeletal pain in patients with dizziness.MethodsA comprehensive literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Amed, Google Scholar, SveMed+, and Web of Science was conducted in March 2021. Inclusion criteria were studies examining patients with a vestibular diagnosis, patients with cervicogenic dizziness and patients included based on having dizziness as a symptom; and reported musculoskeletal pain. Data regarding age, sex, sample size, diagnosis and musculoskeletal pain was extracted. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used for assessing methodical quality of the included studies.ResultsOut of 1507 screened studies, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total sample consisted of 1144 individuals with dizziness. The frequency of patients reporting pain ranged between 43% and 100% in the included studies. Pain intensity were scored between 5 and 7 on a 0–10 scale. Pain in the neck and shoulder girdle was most often reported, but musculoskeletal pain in other parts of the body was also evident.DiscussionIn the included studies, musculoskeletal pain was highly prevalent in patients with dizziness, with pain intensity that may have a moderate to severe interference with daily functioning. Pain in the neck and shoulder is well documented, but there are few studies addressing musculoskeletal pain in additional parts of the body. More research is needed to understand the relations between dizziness and musculoskeletal pain.
Why is motilin active in some studies with mice, rats, and guinea pigs, but not in others? Implications for functional variability among rodents
Authors: Sanger Gareth J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) hormone motilin helps control human stomach movements during hunger and promotes hunger. Although widely present among mammals, it is generally accepted that in rodents the genes for motilin and/or its receptor have undergone pseudonymization, so exogenous motilin cannot function. However, several publications describe functions of low concentrations of motilin, usually within the GI tract and CNS of mice, rats, and guinea pigs. These animals were from institute‐held stocks, simply described with stock names (e.g., “Sprague–Dawley”) or were inbred strains. It is speculated that variation in source/type of animal introduces genetic variations to promote motilin‐sensitive pathways. Perhaps, in some populations, motilin receptors exist, or a different functionally‐active receptor has a good affinity for motilin (indicating evolutionary pressures to retain motilin functions). The ghrelin receptor has the closest sequence homology, yet in non‐rodents the receptors have a poor affinity for each other's cognate ligand. In rodents, ghrelin may substitute for certain GI functions of motilin, but no good evidence suggests rodent ghrelin receptors are highly responsive to motilin. It remains unknown if motilin has functional relationships with additional bioactive molecules formed from the ghrelin and motilin genes, or if a 5‐TM motilin receptor has influence in rodents (e.g., to dimerize with GPCRs and create different pharmacological profiles). Is the absence/presence of responses to motilin in rodents’ characteristic for systems undergoing gene pseudonymization? What are the consequences of rodent supplier‐dependent variations in motilin sensitivity (or other ligands for receptors undergoing pseudonymization) on gross physiological functions? These are important questions for understanding animal variation.
Reliable and rapid identification of glyphosate‐resistance in the invasive weed Amaranthus palmeri in China
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Wu Qianmei , Wan Fanghao , Guo Jianying , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate‐resistant invasive plants, including Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, have greatly challenged management of new invasions. Elucidating their glyphosate resistance levels rapidly and accurately will better inform management strategies. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) has been used to identify glyphosate resistance in A. palmeri by detecting gene copy numbers of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme inhibited by glyphosate. However, qPCR can only indirectly determine copy numbers because it requires a calibrator sample; it also lacks standardization, thus limiting its usefulness. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a new method to detect copy number directly and precisely. We evaluated ddPCR as a tool to determine glyphosate‐resistance level while using qPCR and glyphosate dose response (GDR) assays as reference technologies to compare performance and efficiency between methods.RESULTSWe identified seven susceptible and seven resistant populations of A. palmeri using the GDR assay. Resistant levels detected by qPCR and ddPCR were generally consistent with the GDR results. Although detected values obtained by qPCR and ddPCR were highly correlated (R2 = 0.94), ddPCR results had a lower proportion of non‐ideal values (36%) with better accuracy (100%) and specificity (100%) than those of qPCR results.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate that ddPCR offers improved accuracy and specificity in detecting EPSPS gene copy numbers and is a robust and rapid method for glyphosate‐resistance identification in A. palmeri. Our research is the first to measure glyphosate resistance in A. palmeri by ddPCR assay and will shed light on future applications of ddPCR in identifying herbicide resistance in other invasive weeds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sample size re‐estimation for response‐adaptive randomized clinical trials
Authors: Li Xin , Hu Feifang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClinical trials usually take a period of time to recruit volunteers, and they become a steady accumulation of data. Traditionally, the sample size of a trial is determined in advance and data is collected before analysis proceeds. Over the past decades, many strategies have been proposed and rigorous theoretical groundings have been provided to conduct sample size re‐estimation. However, the application of these methodologies has not been well extended to take care of trials with adaptive designs. Therefore, we aim to fill the gap by proposing a sample size re‐estimation procedure on response‐adaptive randomized trial. For ethical and economical concerns, we use multiple stopping criteria with the allowance of early termination. Statistical inference is studied for the hypothesis testing under doubly‐adaptive biased coin design. We also prove that the test statistics for each stage are asymptotic independently normally distributed, though dependency exists between the two stages. We find that under our methods, compared to fixed sample size design and other commonly used randomization procedures: (1) power is increased for all scenarios with adjusted sample size; (2) sample size is reduced up to 40% when underestimating the treatment effect; (3) the duration of trials is shortened. These advantages are evidenced by numerical studies and real examples.
Nonuniform piecewise membership function approximation methods based robust tracking control design of T‐S fuzzy systems
Authors: Xie Wen‐Bo , Xu Bo‐Lin , Peng Chen , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor the stability analysis issue of a T‐S fuzzy system, improved piecewise membership functions dependent approach is proposed to reduce conservatism. Based on a least‐square method, the nonlinear membership functions are approximated by a series of decoupled polynomial functions. Then the piecewise vertices are chosen by a newly proposed derivative‐integral nonuniform division approach. For the robust tracking control task, a series of convex robust stable conditions are obtained. Finally, a mass‐spring‐damper (MSD) simulation example is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed method.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant robust control based on radial basis function neural network for a class of mechanical systems with input constraints
Authors: Gao Shiqi , Liu Jinkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy based on hyperbolic tangent function is proposed for a class of mechanical systems with unknown disturbance and unknown nonlinear friction model. The robust adaptive FTC algorithm proposed in this paper can maintain the system performance even after partial failure occurs in the actuator. Different from the traditional fault‐tolerant control algorithms, the proposed algorithm uses the hyperbolic tangent function and a projection algorithm to limit the control input within a known upper bound. In addition, radial basis function neural network is used to approximate the unknown continuous nonlinear function that contains the friction model in the mechanical system. The control target of the system is realized; and the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is proved via the Lyapunov direct method. Finally, the numerical simulation results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Modeling the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak on environment, health sector and energy market
Authors: Armeanu Daniel Stefan , Gherghina Stefan Cristian , Andrei Jean Vasile , Joldes Camelia Catalina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global outbreak of COVID‐19 disease had a significant impact on the entire globe. Such a notable public health event can be seen as a “black swan” that brings unpredictable and unusual forces into the economic context and that it could typically lead to a chain of adverse reactions and market disruptions. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine how COVID‐19 affects the environment, health, and the oil and energy markets. To achieve this objective, we used daily data for several measures that refer to the environment, health, and oil and energy, for the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (December 31, 2019–May 22, 2020). The variable integration mix led to the approach of the ARDL model, and the Granger causality test was also employed. These empirical techniques allowed us to examine the cointegration between variables and causal relationships. The econometric results of the ARDL models exhibited that the global new cases and new deaths of COVID‐19 have short and long‐term effects on the environment, the health sector, the oil, and energy measures. However, no significant causal connection was found between the pandemic and the environment, the health sector, or the oil and energy industry, according to the Granger causality test. The uniqueness of current approach consists in the investigation of pandemic impact on the health, environment, oil, and energy sector by applying the ARDL model that permits the analysis of cointegration both in the long run and in the short term. This study provides important insights for investors and policy makers.
Synthesis of Accordion‐like Ti3CN MXene and its Structural Stability in Aqueous Solutions and Organic Solvents
Authors: Zhao Zefeng , Qian Xukun , Zhu Hailin , Miao Yigao , Ye Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMXene materials have shown promising applications in selective separation membranes and many other fields. However, their structural stability which is critically important to applications in the presence of aqueous solutions and organic solvents remains largely unexplored. In this work, we have conducted a systematic study on the synthesis of accordion‐like Ti3CN MXene and its stability in aqueous solutions, ethanol and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Based on the XRD, SEM and TEM results, 20 % HF acid and an etching time of 24 h is regarded as the optimal parameter to synthesize accordion‐like Ti3CN MXene. Ti3CN MXene exhibits limited stability in the aqueous solutions. Ti3CN MXene partially transforms to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles in pH=1 and 7 aqueous solutions, and amorphous TiO2 nanowires in pH=14 aqueous solution after a 7‐day test at 25 °C. When the testing temperature is increased to 80 °C, this structure transformation rate is increased remarkably. Meanwhile, Ti3CN MXene shows excellent stability in C2H5OH and DMF up to 7‐day at 25 and 80 °C, respectively. It is believed that these findings are helpful for guiding the controllable synthesis of Ti3CN MXene and seeking the potential applications in the presence of aqueous solutions, ethanol and DMF.
Ultrasound diagnosis of renal arteriovenous malformation in a young adult: An underrecognized cause of recurrent haematuria
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRenal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) although uncommon are the most underrecognized cause of recurrent haematuria especially in young patients. Although renal AVMs are commonly incidentally detected, life threatening complications such as gross haematuria and AVM rupture have been implicated. Ultrasound is the first line imaging investigation which has a crucial role in treatment planning, post‐procedural, long‐term follow‐up, and assessment of complications associated with renal AVMs. This is a report of a rare case of spontaneous renal AVM in a patient without prior history of renal biopsy or previous trauma. A 26‐year‐old male presented for an ultrasound with recurrent haematuria. This case report highlights the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis, follow‐up and assessment of treatment related complications of renal AVMs.
Computational thinking for using models of water flow in environmental systems: Intertwining three dimensions in a learning progression
Authors: Gunckel Kristin L. , Covitt Beth A. , Berkowitz Alan R. , Caplan Bess , Moore John C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNearly a decade ago, the Framework for K‐12 Science Education argued for the need to intertwine science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts in performance expectations. However, there are few empirical examples for how intertwining three dimensions facilitates learning. In this study, we used a learning progressions approach to examine how student engagement in computational thinking (science and engineering practice) intertwines with learning about the flow of water through environmental systems (disciplinary core ideas) and understanding of systems and system models (crosscutting concept). We developed three secondary‐level curriculum units situated in current groundwater contamination and urban flooding contexts. Units included specially designed NetLogo computational models. Post‐assessments measured student performances in computational thinking processes and understanding of hydrologic systems. Using item response theory in our analysis, we identified distinct levels of performance on a learning progression. At the lower end, literal model users interacted with models and manipulated model interfaces to achieve a specified goal. In the middle, Model Technicians used computational models to solve real‐world problems. At the upper end, principle‐based model users used computational thinking processes and principles related to systems modeling and hydrology to explain how the models worked to predict water flow. Differences between performances of literal model users, model technicians, and principle‐based model users reflected shifts in how students made sense of the systems and system models crosscutting concept. These shifts in performances aligned with progress in computational thinking practices and finally with use of hydrology disciplinary core ideas. These findings contribute to understanding of how science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts intertwine during learning; how computational thinking practices develop; and how computational thinking about system models facilitates learning for environmental science literacy.
Comprehending Character: Unlocking the Potential of Perspective‐taking
Authors: Brewer Brittany M. , Phillippe Allison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore how character perspective‐taking can support students’ reading comprehension, as well as opportunities to engage social‐emotional learning (SEL). We start by defining character perspective‐taking and SEL. Then, we present strategies for practicing character perspective‐taking in classrooms, how these strategies are connected by research to improved reading comprehension skills, and how they can benefit SEL. More specifically, we outline three strategies to support incorporating perspective‐taking in the classroom including practicing perspective‐taking in small groups, building students’ emotion vocabulary, and including images and sounds when engaging students with texts, each of which correlates with improved narrative comprehension. By building a practice of perspective‐taking in our classrooms, we are not only growing our students’ reading comprehension and building space for SEL, but we are honoring what our students bring to the table as readers and as people.
Selecting Picture Books for EL beginners in Panama: Tellability
Authors: Lado Ana , Hauth Clara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTeachers spend a lot of time finding ‘just right’ picture books for their students. However, much of what is known about a book's difficulty level was developed with native English speakers. More needs to be developed with the distinctive characteristics of English Learners (ELs). This study reports on the selection of picture books to teach in an intensive week‐long intervention with Spanish‐speaking ELs in a low SES community in Panama. It applies the concept of tellability rather than readability. Tellability considers who is speaking about what to whom and in what circumstances. Novice teachers who were not fluent in Spanish learned to successfully select and instruct using carefully selected books for teaching English in science‐themed lessons. These teachers considered features of books that matched the ELs’ oral and written English abilities as well as matched specific language teaching strategies for EL beginners.
Do socioeconomic factors impact management of suspected canine multicentric lymphoma in UK first opinion practice?
Authors: Rigas Konstantinos , Singleton David A. , Radford Alan D. , Amores‐Fuster Isabel , Killick David R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to describe the management of cases of suspected and confirmed canine multicentric lymphoma (ML) in first opinion practice (FOP) and investigate whether socioeconomic factors are associated with initial management.MethodsClinical narratives from electronic health records collected by the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) were searched to identify dogs with peripheral lymphadenomegaly in which ML was the major differential. Cases were grouped as either ML confirmed (ML‐C) or ML suspected but not confirmed (ML‐S). Associations between initial management and socioeconomic factors were assessed via multivariable logistic regression.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐four cases with ML‐C and 410 with ML‐S were identified. There was an increased probability that owners of ML‐C cases resided in less deprived areas. Moreover, a diagnosis was made more commonly in insured dogs. Only insured pets were more likely to be treated with chemotherapy following diagnosis. The majority of dogs in both groups were treated with corticosteroids alone (ML‐S, n = 256/410; ML‐C, n = 123/264). A small minority were referred (n = 30/674).ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities appear to be associated with the diagnosis and management of dogs with suspected or confirmed ML in FOP. Most dogs with suspected multicentric lymphoma (in the UK) are managed in FOP (n = 644/674). Consequently, expanding the knowledge base relevant to this setting offers an opportunity to improve the management of canine lymphoma.
Analysis of leading edge protection application on wind turbine performance through energy and power decomposition approaches
Authors: Latiffianti Effi , Ding Yu , Sheng Shawn , Williams Lindy , Morshedizadeh Majid , Rodgers Marianne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWind power production is driven by, and varies with, the stochastic yet uncontrollable wind and environmental inputs. To compare a wind turbine's performance, a direct comparison on power outputs is always confounded by the stochastic effect of weather inputs. It is therefore crucial to control for the weather and environmental influence. Toward that objective, our study proposes an energy decomposition approach. We start with comparing the change in the total energy production and refer to the change in total energy as delta energy. On this delta energy, we apply our decomposition method, which is to separate the portion of energy change due to weather effects from that due to the turbine itself. We derive a set of mathematical relationships allowing us to perform this decomposition and examine the credibility and robustness of the proposed decomposition approach through extensive cross‐validation and case studies. We then apply the decomposition approach to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition data associated with several wind turbines to which leading‐edge protection was carried out. Our study shows that the leading‐edge protection applied on blades may cause a small decline to the power production efficiency in the short term, although we expect the leading‐edge protection to benefit the blade's reliability in the long term.