bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dural arteriovenous fistulae at the lateral foramen magnum: A series of two microsurgical cases
Authors: Law Him Pui , Zhuang Tin Fong , He Elvin Zhexi , Lui Hannaly Cheuk Hang , Wong George Kwok Chu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo study specific vascular anatomy of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) locating at the foramen magnum in patients admitted to our centre in the past year (2019–2020), and to evaluate effectiveness of microsurgical disconnection of DAVFs alone.Patients and MethodsTwo male patients were included. Neuroimaging results obtained on admission, including computer tomography, digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, were studied and compared. Digital subtraction angiography with selective injection to the external carotid artery was particularly explored to trace main feeding arteries and draining veins of DAVFs.ResultsBoth patients had diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), particularly anterior to the medulla on initial computer tomography of the brain. Branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery were identified as main feeding arteries. Draining veins included anterior/posterior spinal veins and pterygopalatine venous plexus. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed DAVFs at the level of foramen magnum to C1 vertebra. Complete occlusion was achieved with far‐lateral microsurgical approach, with intra‐operative indocyanine green injection confirming no filling of venous pouch. Post‐operative follow‐up digital subtraction angiography demonstrated no angiographic evidence of residual DAVFs or new haemorrhages.ConclusionDAVFs at the foramen magnum could present as SAH. A combination of neuroimaging methods aid diagnosis and identification of underlying vascular anatomy. Satisfactory outcomes with complete occlusion were achieved with microsurgical approach alone.
Vertebroplasty with high‐viscosity cement versus conventional kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kou Yu‐hui , Zhang Dian‐ying , Zhang Jin‐dong , Han Na , Yang Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity cement (PVP‐HVC) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) with normal‐viscosity cement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).MethodsPertinent studies were retrieved by searching five electronic databases up to July 2021. Additional records were identified via hand‐searching of related references. Risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD), with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was done for cement leakage.ResultsTwelve studies, embracing 1050 patients with OVCFs, were included. PVP‐HVC was superior to PKP with normal‐viscosity cement regarding risk of cement leakage (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.83, I2: 45.1%) and operation time (WMD: −11.26, 95% CI: −14.78 to −8.34, I2: 88.8%). However, TSA revealed that a sufficient level of evidence for leakage reduction may have yet to be reached. PKP groups had a significant decrease in Cobb's angles postoperatively (within 1 month, WMD: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.85–3.48, I2: 0%; after 1 year, WMD: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.35–4.01, I2: 0%). There are no significant differences between the two procedures pertaining to injected cement volume, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and risk of adjacent vertebral fractures.ConclusionPVP‐HVC and PKP with normal‐viscosity cement are safe and effective treatments for the management of OVCF, but the former is superior to the latter in terms of procedure time. The potential of PVP‐HVC in reducing cement leaks remains to be validated by more well‐designed studies.
A new overlapped delta‐shaped anastomosis technique using linear staplers with reinforced bioabsorbable material for intracorporeal anastomosis during laparoscopic colectomy
Authors: Hokonohara Kentaro , Nepal Pramod , Mori Shinichiro , Kita Yoshiaki , Tanabe Kan , Kurahara Hiroshi , Arigami Takaaki , Matsushita Daisuke , Sasaki Ken , Nakajo Akihiro , Ohtsuka Takao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTotally laparoscopic colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) is associated with less surgical trauma and wound related complications compared to laparoscopy‐assisted colectomy with extracorporeal anastomosis. Delta shaped anastomosis is a widely popular IA technique. In this study, we discuss a construction technique for an overlapped delta‐shaped anastomosis using a linear stapler with a reinforced bioabsorbable material.MethodsWe excised the bowel at a point 10 cm from the tumour on either sides and laid them in an overlapped fashion. The entry hole was created at a point 3 cm proximal to the right stump and 7 cm distal to the left stump on the antimesenteric side. Then, a 60‐mm linear stapler with reinforced bioabsorbable material was inserted inside each lumen and fired. Finally, the common entry hole was fixed with a suture in the middle, the bowel was elevated holding the bioabsorbable material, and closed using the linear stapler in a delta‐shaped manner.ResultsThe technique was applied in five patients with tumours in the ascending, transverse, and descending colon. The median surgery time, anastomosis construction time and postoperative stay was 329 min (range 285–682 min), 19 min (range 14–29 min), and 12 days (range 9–15 days), respectively. There were no perioperative complications and only one postoperative complication.ConclusionThe overlapped delta‐shaped anastomosis technique using linear staplers with reinforced bioabsorbable material appears to be both safe and feasible.
Preliminary study of carotid variables under ultrasound analysis as predictors for the risk of coronary arterial atherosclerosis
Authors: Cai Wen‐Bin , Wang Yi , Wang Jia , Guo Wan‐Gang , Duan Yun‐You , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarotid atherosclerosis by ultrasound scanning can be considered as an ideal window to reflect systemic artery atherosclerosis, which has aroused wide concern for predicting the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis clinically. Ultrasound radio frequency (RF) data technology has enabled us to evaluate the carotid structure and elastic function precisely, for predicting the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis.MethodsPatients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent coronary angiography and were assigned to four groups according to whether atherosclerotic plaque was found or not and it caused stenosis. Carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness were investigated by quality intima‐media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) techniques during ultrasound scanning. Univariable and multivariable modeling were used to investigate correlations of carotid parameters to coronary artery atherosclerosis. Receive operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic performance of these ultrasound variables.ResultsCarotid IMT and stiffness variables pulse wave velocity (PWV), α, β and compliance coefficient (CC) were statistically different between every two‐group's comparisons. IMT correlated with stiffness variables significantly with r = 0.70, 0.77, 0.63, and −0.39, respectively. All variables correlated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis with the odd ratio (OR) of 1.73, 1.67, 1.19, 1.23, and 0.56 accordingly as IMT, PWV, α, β and CC were concerned. The AUC of IMT, PWV, α, β and CC were 0.9257, 0.8910, 0.8016, 0.9383, 0.8581 with correctly classified rate of 88.16%, 83.77%, 78.07%, 86.84%, and 81.58%, respectively.ConclusionsCarotid artery IMT and stiffness variable PWV, α, β and CC presented favorable predicting and differentiating values for patients with coronary atherosclerosis of different severity.
Group threat and voter turnout: Evidence from a refugee placement program
Authors: Heller‐Sahlgren Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of refugee inflows on voter turnout in Sweden in a period when shifting immigration patterns made the previously homogeneous country increasingly heterogeneous. Analyzing individual‐level panel data and exploiting a national refugee placement program to obtain plausibly exogenous variation in immigration, we find that refugee inflows significantly raise the probability of voter turnout. Balancing tests on initial turnout as well as placebo tests regressing changes in turnout on future refugee inflows support the causal interpretation of our findings. The results are consistent with group‐threat theory, which predicts that increased out‐group presence spurs political mobilization among in‐group members.
Insights from auditory cortex for GABA+ magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of aging
Authors: Dobri Simon , Chen J. Jean , Ross Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChanges in levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) may underlie aging‐related changes in brain function. GABA and co‐edited macromolecules (GABA+) can be measured with MEGA‐PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The current study investigated how changes in the aging brain impact the interpretation of GABA+ measures in bilateral auditory cortices of healthy young and older adults. Structural changes during aging appeared as decreasing proportion of grey matter in the MRS volume of interest and corresponding increase in cerebrospinal fluid. GABA+ referenced to H2O without tissue correction declined in aging. This decline persisted after correcting for tissue differences in MR‐visible H2O and relaxation times but vanished after considering the different abundance of GABA+ in grey and white matter. However, GABA+ referenced to creatine and N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), which showed no dependence on tissue composition, decreased in aging. All GABA+ measures showed hemispheric asymmetry in young but not older adults. The study also considered aging‐related effects on tissue segmentation and the impact of co‐edited macromolecules. Tissue segmentation differed significantly between commonly used algorithms, but aging‐related effects on tissue‐corrected GABA+ were consistent across methods. Auditory cortex macromolecule concentration did not change with age, indicating that a decline in GABA caused the decrease in the compound GABA+ measure. Most likely, the macromolecule contribution to GABA+ leads to underestimating an aging‐related decrease in GABA. Overall, considering multiple GABA+ measures using different reference signals strengthened the support for an aging‐related decline in auditory cortex GABA levels.
Comparison of clinical and neuroimaging features between NOTCH3 mutations and nongenetic spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hao , Chu Yung‐Tsai , Chen Ya‐Fang , Ko Tzu‐Yu , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Lee Ming‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Lung , Tang Sung‐Chun , Jeng Jiann‐Shing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe NOTCH3 mutation is a common cause of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and may be a cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). The aim was to investigate the clinical/imaging features for identifying the NOTCH3‐mutation‐related ICH.MethodsThe study was based on a cohort of 749 CSVD patients in Taiwan who received next‐generation sequencing of CSVD genes including NOTCH3. Patients with a history of ICH (n = 206) were included for analysis. The CSVD neuroimaging markers were compared between the patients with NOTCH3 and those without known genetic mutations.ResultsAfter excluding patients with other causes of ICH (structural lesions, systemic/medication related or amyloid angiopathy) and those without neuroimaging, 45 NOTCH3 mutation patients and 109 nongenetic ICH patients were included. The NOTCH3 mutation patients were more likely to have thalamic haemorrhage, a family history of stroke and more severe CSVD neuroimaging markers. A five‐point NOTCH3‐ICH score was constructed and consisted of a history of stroke in siblings, thalamic haemorrhage, any deep nuclei lacunae, any hippocampal cerebral microbleed (CMB) and a thalamic CMB >5 (one point for each). A score ≥2 had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 64.2% in identifying the NOTCH3 mutation. The NOTCH3 mutation patients had a higher risk of recurrent stroke (9.1 vs. 4.5 per 100 person‐years, log‐rank p = 0.03) during follow‐up.ConclusionThe patients with NOTCH3‐mutation‐related ICH had a higher burden of CMBs in the hippocampus/thalamus and a higher recurrent stroke risk. The NOTCH3‐ICH score may assist in identifying genetic causes of ICH.
Recent trends in abundance and fishing pressure of agency‐assessed small pelagic fish stocks
Authors: Hilborn Ray , Buratti Claudio C. , Díaz Acuña Erich , Hively Daniel , Kolding Jeppe , Kurota Hiroyuki , Baker Nicole , Mace Pamela M. , de Moor Carryn L. , Muko Soyoka , Osio Giacomo Chato , Parma Ana M. , Quiroz Juan‐Carlos , Melnychuk Michael C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmall pelagic fishes are used for human consumption, fishmeal and fish oil. They constitute 25% of global fish catch and have been of considerable conservation concern because of their intermediate position in aquatic food webs, often being a dominant dietary component of marine predators. This paper provides an overview of trends in abundance and fishing pressure on small pelagic fish stocks from single‐species scientific assessments that constitute 60% of global small pelagic catch. While most individual stocks have exhibited wide variability in abundance (typical of small pelagics compared with other fish taxa), across stocks there has been remarkable stability in average fishing pressure and biomass since 1970. On average, since 1970, the biomass of assessed small pelagic stocks is estimated to have been slightly above the biomass that would produce maximum sustainable yield, but estimation of this quantity for highly fluctuating stocks is quite uncertain. There were significant differences among assessed regions, with the Mediterranean and Black Sea of greatest concern for high and growing fishing pressure. The 40% of global small pelagic fish catch not covered by single‐species quantitative stock assessments since 1970 comes largely from Asia, where catches have continued to increase. At regional levels, the average abundance of assessed small pelagic fish is largely unrelated to average fishing pressure, which we argue results both from the portfolio effect, where numerous stocks fluctuate with little correlation in abundance, and from the short life span of small pelagics coupled with recruitment largely independent of spawning abundance.
Design of a novel creep testing machine to investigate the creep life history of austenitic steel foil at elevated temperature
Authors: Farokhi Nejad Ali , Mohammed K. AL‐Fatlwe Fatima , Rahimian Koloor Seyed Saeid , Alipour Roozbeh , Davoudi Mohammadmahdi , Hamdi Mohd , Tamin Mohd Nasir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel creep testing machine was designed to test austenitic steel foil AISI 347 under the elevated temperature of 700°C. The creep test was repeated in five stress levels from low‐stress 55 MPa to severe applied stress 220 MPa for 0.25 mm thickness samples. The machine was equipped with a shield inert gas injection system, and tests were repeated in a nonoxidative area. The creep rupture behavior of the foil is well represented using the modified three‐parameter Theta Projection Concept model. Each model parameter is best represented as a function of the applied stress. Comparison between the results of creep life in different mediums shows that the oxidation effect was the dominant phenomenon in the creep process. Moreover, avoiding oxidation affects the steady‐state stage growth, and afterward, the creep life was increased by more than 40%. Post analyses of ruptured creep samples compare the creep cavitation at triple grain boundaries in a different environment.
Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming
Authors: Bishop Ian W. , Anderson Stephanie I. , Collins Sinead , Rynearson Tatiana A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the potential of standing genetic variation to rescue communities and shape future adaptation to climate change, high levels of uncertainty are associated with intraspecific trait variation in marine phytoplankton. Recent model intercomparisons have pointed to an urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change, including Southern Ocean (SO) surface waters, which are among the most rapidly warming habitats on Earth. Because SO phytoplankton growth responses to warming sea surface temperature (SST) are poorly constrained, we developed a high‐throughput growth assay to simultaneously examine inter‐ and intra‐specific thermal trait variation in a group of 43 taxonomically diverse and biogeochemically important SO phytoplankton called diatoms. We found significant differential growth performance among species across thermal traits, including optimum and maximum tolerated growth temperatures. Within species, coefficients of variation ranged from 3% to 48% among strains for those same key thermal traits. Using SO SST projections for 2100, we predicted biogeographic ranges that differed by up to 97% between the least and most tolerant strains for each species, illustrating the role that strain‐specific differences in temperature response can play in shaping predictions of future phytoplankton biogeography. Our findings revealed the presence and scale of thermal trait variation in SO phytoplankton and suggest these communities may already harbour the thermal trait diversity required to withstand projected 21st‐century SST change in the SO even under severe climate forcing scenarios.
Ancestors and Descendants
Authors: Steiner Hillel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThis article explores the implications of responsibility‐sensitive justice for one set of intergenerational rights and duties. It focuses on the distinctive set of rights and duties, pertaining to procreation and parenting, that can be derived from Left Libertarianism's foundational entitlements. Broadly speaking, those implied rights and duties are such that all children's ability levels should be of equal value at the threshold of adulthood.
Phenotypic and genetic diversity of domestic yak (Bos grunniens) in high‐altitude rangelands of Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan
Authors: Hameed Asif , Schlecht Eva , Tariq Muhammad , Buerkert Andreas , Scheper Carsten , König Sven , Roessler Regina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to climate change, irrigated agriculture may become restricted in the mountain valleys in northern Pakistan in the future. Hence, the importance of yak (Bos grunniens) keeping in the mountain ranges as risk‐mitigating strategy for mountain dwellers will potentially increase. However, little is known about the current status of the domestic yak in this region. We therefore used phenotypic characteristics and 13 microsatellite loci to determine the phenotypic differences and the level of genetic differentiation between populations of six valleys. Larger body measures and partially different physical appearance were observed in Shimshal and Khaplu yaks, especially when compared with yaks in the Chapurson valley. Overall, the mean observed heterozygosity was similar to the mean expected heterozygosity. Average genetic diversity was highest in the Hopar population and lowest in the Haramosh population. A low FIS value indicated that individuals were less related than expected under a model of random mating. Three distinct genetic clusters were found for the six yak populations under study. Genetic distances were largest between Shimshal and Khaplu populations, and lowest between populations of Phandar and Hopar. It is concluded that yaks of Shimshal, Khaplu and Haramosh valleys were genetically distinct from yak populations in Chapurson, Hopar and Phandar valleys, indicating that the free‐range conditions and pastoral yak rearing system in the region have preserved the underlying genetic diversity of the yak populations.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on inactivation, morphological damage, and enzyme activity of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Deng Haotian , Cao Jijuan , Wang Dianfu , Zhu Jinyan , Ma Lidan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a nonthermal processing technology that can maintain the original color, flavor and nutritional components of food during preservation. In this study, the mechanism of HHP to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 was studied and clarified. Along with the increase of treatment pressure, the total number of viable bacteria decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Different HHP treatments destroyed the integrity of E. coli O157:H7 cell membrane and had a certain effect on the content and activity of the whole protein profiles. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that HHP caused membrane damage of E. coli O157:H7. In addition, the effects of HHP on enzyme activity, glucose metabolism and iodonitrotetrazolium chloride metabolic reduction activity showed that HHP could interfere with glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway of E. coli O157:H7. In general, HHP has multiple targets for the inactivation mechanism of E. coli O157:H7.
Early SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated acute transverse myelitis: A case for neurotropism?
Authors: Lu Irene F. , Cornish Jack S. , Ashok Aadith , Chen Siew Kar , Athan Eugene , Hughes Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere are increasing reports of immune‐mediated and para‐infectious syndromes beyond the well‐known respiratory manifestations of severe‐acute‐respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, the spectrum of severe neurological sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains undefined. We present the case of a 66‐year‐old female with rapidly progressive lower limb neurology 3 days post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Clinical and radiological findings were in keeping with transverse myelitis and treatment success was achieved with methylprednisolone and remdesivir. This report will discuss the associations between SARS‐CoV‐2 and acute transverse myelitis. We believe this is one of few described cases of early SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated transverse myelitis secondary to neurotropism and the first successfully treated with the inclusion of remdesivir in the therapeutic regimen.
The morality of vengeance: Confucianism and Tutuism in dialogue
Authors: Cordeiro‐Rodrigues Luís , Lee Ting‐mien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes two main pro‐vengeance Confucian arguments in light of Desmond Tutu's thinking. In the absence of just authority, Confucianism argues that carrying out blood vengeance is fulfillment of filial piety and fulfillment of moral duty for deterring crime and reforming the wrongdoer's character. Confucianism does not propose a systematic theory of blood vengeance after laws have been installed to prohibit act of revenge. As Confucian ethics focuses on virtue cultivation and advocates moral learning over punishment, it may find the Tutuist approach of addressing wrongdoing compatible and complementary. In line with Tutuism, we argue that revenge is not justified because engaging in vengeance fuels negative and obsessive emotions, which undermine virtue and may lead to undesirable results, such as escalation of violence and harming of the innocent. Moreover, we defend that more conditions need to be met than the ones enunciated by the pro‐vengeance standpoint to justify an act of revenge.