bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communities of Practice in Crop Diversity Management: From Data to Collaborative Governance
Authors: Louafi Selim , Thomas Mathieu , Jankowski Frédérique , Leclerc Christian , Barnaud Adeline , Baufumé Servane , Guichardaz Alexandre , Joly Hélène , Labeyrie Vanesse , Leclercq Morgane , Ndiaye Alihou , Pham Jean-Louis , Raimond Christine , Rey Alexandrine , Saïdou Abdoul-Aziz , Temple Ludovic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstablishing linkage among data of diverse domains (e.g. biological, environmental, socio-economical, and geographical) is critical to address complex multidimensional issues such as food security or sustainable agriculture. The complexity of this challenge increases with the level of heterogeneity of the data but also with the social context of production of datasets, a dimension usually less considered. Building on the experience of a transdisciplinary project on the diversity of crop diversity management systems in West Africa (CoEx), this chapter reflects on the importance to better account for agency for more meaningful, responsible and efficient plant data linkage. The chapter addresses sequentially the cognitive and political challenges related to data work and the way they could be addressed simultaneously within the same social unit. To do this, we rely on the concept of community of practice (CoP) which gained enormous popularity in relation to data and knowledge management. More than simply a social mechanism for community knowledge management, we show in this contribution that CoP needs to be approached as a social experiment and a terrain of collective situated learning in order to address each challenge and their linkages with respect to data work.
In “The Cloud”: Figuring and Inhabiting Media Milieus
Authors: Wark Scott 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStarting with the premise that figures are woven through the vernacular language we use to describe media, this chapter argues that figures are essential for making sense of the shaping and conditioning influence that media-technical systems exercise on contemporary life. It develops this proposition by placing the example of cloud computing in dialogue with Donna J. Haraway’s concept of figures. Cloud computing is a figure that renders heterogeneous, complex, and often-unrepresentable media-technical systems inhabitable. That is, this figure constructs a distributed media-technical system as an inhabitable “milieu.” Conversely, cloud computing also reveals figures’ methodological potential for “figuring”: that is, they can also be used to understand how computational systems construct modes of inhabitation.
The Gardener and the Walled Garden
Authors: Day Sophie , Smith Jayne , Ward Helen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlatforms for standardising and sharing data between research and care are in construction, as they have been for some years. Currently, they take the form of creating a large ‘knowledge bank’ linking health records and biological samples with explicit consent for research use. Researchers will be able to work with the data without being able to identify patients, through pseudonymising techniques. This virtual research space is described as a walled garden. In this chapter, we ask what/who/when is a person as they are disassembled, transformed, layered and valued; emerging from and disappearing into data that are disaggregated and segregated. Together—an anthropologist, an epidemiologist and a patient who is fortuitously known as the gardener and has participated in many research studies since 2013—we hope to re-aggregate data and reconstruct a fuller history in which the patient is recognisable. This enquiry necessarily raises questions about the different ways in which a person is figured and distributed through personal experience, ethnography and biomedicine.
Open-string integrals with multiple unintegrated punctures at genus one
Authors: Kaderli André , Rodriguez Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study integrals appearing in intermediate steps of one-loop open-string amplitudes, with multiple unintegrated punctures on the A-cycle of a torus. We construct a vector of such integrals which closes after taking a total differential with respect to the N unintegrated punctures and the modular parameter τ. These integrals are found to satisfy the elliptic Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard (KZB) equations, and can be written as a power series in α′ — the string length squared- in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms (eMPLs). In the N-puncture case, the KZB equation reveals a representation of B1,N, the braid group of N strands on a torus, acting on its solutions. We write the simplest of these braid group elements — the braiding one puncture around another — and obtain generating functions of analytic continuations of eMPLs. The KZB equations in the so-called universal case is written in terms of the genus-one Drinfeld-Kohno algebra $$ \mathfrak{t} $$
t
1,N ⋊ $$ \mathfrak{d} $$
d
, a graded algebra. Our construction determines matrix representations of various dimensions for several generators of this algebra which respect its grading up to commuting terms.
Complete SMEFT predictions for four top quark production at hadron colliders
Authors: Aoude Rafael , El Faham Hesham , Maltoni Fabio , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study four top quark production at hadron colliders in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We perform an analysis at the tree-level, including all possible QCD- and EW-coupling orders and relevant dimension-six operators. We find several cases where formally subleading terms give rise to significant contributions, potentially providing sensitivity to a broad class of operators. Inclusive and differential predictions are presented for the LHC and a future pp circular collider operating at 100 TeV. We estimate the sensitivity of different operators and perform a simplified chi-square fit to set limits on SMEFT Wilson coefficients. In so doing, we assess the importance of including subleading terms and differential information in constraining new physics contributions. Finally, we compute the SMEFT predictions for the double insertion of dimension-six operators and scrutinise the possible enhancements to the sensitivity induced by a specific class of higher order terms in the EFT series.
Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance evaluation of nickel-based super-alloy–Udimet 720 machined using WEDM process
Authors: Chaudhari Rakesh , Ayesta Izaro , Doshi Mikesh , Khanna Sakshum , Patel Vivek K. , Vora Jay , De Lacalle Luis Norberto López 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe diverse capabilities of nickel-based super-alloy (Udimet 720), like robust mechanical strength, ductility, resistance to excessive temperature deformation, and advanced corrosion and oxidation resistance, make it suitable for use in multiple applications. These super-alloys are identified as extremely difficult materials for machining to meet feature and manufacturing requirements. In the present work, we demonstrated the machining of Udimet 720 by employing the wire-electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technique. Pulse-on-time (Ton), pulse-off-time (Toff), current, and MWCNT amount were preferred as input variables. The effect of selected design variables was studied on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and recast layer thickness (RLT). Box-Behnken design was utilized to design an experimental matrix. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed. From ANOVA, the current had the highest contributor with 35.85% to affect MRR, while MWCNT amount was found to be the highest contributor for deciding the values of both SR and RLT with contributions of 42.66% and 40.07%, respectively. The addition of MWCNT at 1 g/L has substantially improved MRR from 0.8546 to 1.2199 g/min, SR reduced from 5.88 µm to 2.98 µm, and reduction in RLT from 17.8 to 11.61 µm. The passing vehicle search (PVS) algorithm was implemented, and the results of single-objective optimization presented the largest MRR of 1.8883 g/min, least SR of 1.89 µm, and least RLT of 9.70 µm. Additionally, a set of non-dominated solutions was obtained through Pareto optimal fronts. A small acceptable deviation was detected among the actual and forecasted results from PVS algorithm. It clearly reveals the acceptance of the PVS technique in the present study for Udimet 720. Lastly, the significance of MWCNT amount on surface textures was revealed by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Advancement and obstacles in microfluidics-based isolation of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Havers Megan , Broman Axel , Lenshof Andreas , Laurell Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a great need for techniques which enable reproducible separation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biofluids with high recovery, purity and throughput. The development of new techniques for isolation of EVs from minute sample volumes is instrumental in enabling EV-based biomarker profiling in large biobank cohorts and paves the way to improved diagnostic profiles in precision medicine. Recent advances in microfluidics-based devices offer a toolbox for separating EVs from small sample volumes. Microfluidic devices that have been used in EV isolation utilise different fundamental principles and rely largely on benefits of scaling laws as the biofluid processing is miniaturised to chip level. Here, we review the progress in the practicality and performance of both passive devices (such as mechanical filtering and hydrodynamic focusing) and active devices (using magnetic, electric or acoustic fields). As it stands, many microfluidic devices isolate intact EV populations at higher purities than centrifugation, precipitation or size-exclusion chromatography. However, this comes at a cost. We address challenges (in particular low throughput, clogging risks and ability to process biofluids) and highlight the need for more improvements in microfluidic devices. Finally, we conclude that there is a need to refine and standardise these lab-on-a-chip techniques to meet the growing interest in the diagnostic and therapeutic value of purified EVs.
Graphical abstract
Proposal and multicentric validation of a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery ontology
Authors: Lavanchy Joël L. , Gonzalez Cristians , Kassem Hasan , Nett Philipp C. , Mutter Didier , Padoy Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Phase and step annotation in surgical videos is a prerequisite for surgical scene understanding and for downstream tasks like intraoperative feedback or assistance. However, most ontologies are applied on small monocentric datasets and lack external validation. To overcome these limitations an ontology for phases and steps of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is proposed and validated on a multicentric dataset in terms of inter- and intra-rater reliability (inter-/intra-RR).

Methods
The proposed LRYGB ontology consists of 12 phase and 46 step definitions that are hierarchically structured. Two board certified surgeons (raters) with > 10 years of clinical experience applied the proposed ontology on two datasets: (1) StraBypass40 consists of 40 LRYGB videos from Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France and (2) BernBypass70 consists of 70 LRYGB videos from Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
To assess inter-RR the two raters’ annotations of ten randomly chosen videos from StraBypass40 and BernBypass70 each, were compared. To assess intra-RR ten randomly chosen videos were annotated twice by the same rater and annotations were compared.
Inter-RR was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Additionally, for inter- and intra-RR accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and application dependent metrics were applied.

Results
The mean ± SD video duration was 108 ± 33 min and 75 ± 21 min in StraBypass40 and BernBypass70, respectively. The proposed ontology shows an inter-RR of 96.8 ± 2.7% for phases and 85.4 ± 6.0% for steps on StraBypass40 and 94.9 ± 5.8% for phases and 76.1 ± 13.9% for steps on BernBypass70. The overall Cohen’s kappa of inter-RR was 95.9 ± 4.3% for phases and 80.8 ± 10.0% for steps. Intra-RR showed an accuracy of 98.4 ± 1.1% for phases and 88.1 ± 8.1% for steps.

Conclusion
The proposed ontology shows an excellent inter- and intra-RR and should therefore be implemented routinely in phase and step annotation of LRYGB.
Der Wert des Privaten für Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Buhr Eike , Schweda Mark 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der Privatheit markiert eine erstaunliche Leerstelle in der Diskussion um die Pflege von Menschen mit Demenz (MmD). Der sonst intensiv geführte pflegeethische Diskurs über Fragen der Privatheit scheint hier nahezu vollständig zu verstummen, so als verlören MmD im Verlauf ihrer Erkrankung jedes nachvollziehbare Interesse an einer Privatsphäre und verfügten über keinerlei privaten Bereich mehr, den man bei ihrer pflegerischen Versorgung beachten oder schützen müsste. Eine solche Vorstellung widerspricht allerdings nicht nur verbreiteten moralischen Intuitionen, sondern auch den Auffassungen und Bedürfnissen der Betroffenen selbst. Vor diesem Hintergrund gehen wir der Frage nach, inwieweit sich die Bedeutung von Privatheit für MmD ethisch verständlich und plausibel machen lässt. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst die Herkunft und die verschiedenen Bedeutungsdimensionen des Privatheitsbegriffs selbst umrissen, um anschließend seine Schwierigkeiten und Grenzen im Kontext demenzieller Erkrankungen aufzuzeigen. Wie sich dabei herausstellt, kann insbesondere der ausgeprägte Autonomiebezug vorherrschender liberaler Privatheitskonzepte ein erhebliches Hindernis für eine angemessene Konzeptualisierung der Bedeutung der Privatheit für MmD darstellen. Aus diesem Grund loten wir im Anschluss unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten aus, wie sich der „Wert des Privaten“ im Kontext demenzieller Erkrankungen auch losgelöst vom Recht auf individuelle Selbstbestimmung konzeptualisieren ließe. Während autonomiebasierte Konzepte von Privatheit in frühen Stadien noch tragen mögen, wird mit Blick auf den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf daher auch der Relevanz von erkennbaren persönlichen Präferenzen sowie objektiven Bedingungen von Würde und Wohlergehen nachgegangen. Auf diesem Weg lässt sich differenziert aufzeigen, inwiefern Privatheit auch für MmD von Bedeutung sein und im pflegerischen Umgang mit ihnen angemessen berücksichtigt werden kann.
General practice in the German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)
Authors: Bruns Florian , König Christian , Frese Thomas , Schildmann Jan 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundIn the 1950s the socialist health policy in East Germany did not follow a clear-cut course with regard to outpatient medical care. Whilst state-run policlinics gradually took the place of doctors in private practice, the required qualifications of physicians working in outpatient care remained unclear. After preparatory lobbying by committed physicians from the outpatient sector, the 1960 Weimar Health Conference finally paved the way for the preservation and professionalization of general practice in East Germany.AimThe article analyzes the formation of general practice as a specialty in East Germany between 1945 and 1990. We scrutinize the status of general practitioners and their field in the socialist health system as well as the foundation of their medical society. Our paper aims to contribute to a broader history of general practice in Germany.MethodsWe draw on literature from that time, unpublished archival material, and interviews with contemporary witnesses.ResultsAfter the establishment of standards for specialist training in the early 1960s, general practice was introduced as a field of specialty in 1967. By this, East Germany had a compulsory specialist training in general practice much earlier than West Germany. In 1971, a specialist society for general practice was founded in East Germany. However, institutionalization at the medical faculties was still lacking. Meanwhile, the nationalization of outpatient care continued. In the years that followed, primary medical care was increasingly provided in policlinics. In 1989, of 40,000 physicians in the GDR, only about 340 were still practicing in their own offices.ConclusionWithin the nationalized GDR health system a committed group of physicians, under difficult political circumstances, pushed for professionalization of general practice and its recognition as a field of specialty. When general medicine was recognized as a specialty in 1967, this happened earlier than in other countries and constituted an important milestone.
Human interaction with virtual reality: investigating pre-evacuation efficiency in building emergency
Authors: Wang Zihao , He Renke , Rebelo Francisco , Vilar Elisângela , Noriega Paulo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current manuscript verifies the use of virtual reality (VR)-based methodology as a helpful way to study human behavior during the pre-evacuation period, considering the influence of pre-emergency activity (competitive tasks). Two conditions with different engagement levels (i.e., low and high) were set up, and sixty company workers were distributed across conditions randomly. Five types of evacuation behaviors were defined, and compliance behavior results showed most participants (66.7%) evacuated with the ISO-type evacuation alarm in low engagement condition, whereas only 20% of participants evacuated in high engagement situation. Statistical results confirmed the influence of pre-emergency activity on evacuation efficiency. Open-ended questions summarized three levels of knowledge background that justified the reasons/motivations behind pre-evacuation behaviors. simulator sickness, presence, and usability questionnaires confirmed the variable control between conditions. In summary, the VR-based methodology successfully reproduced evacuation behaviors similar to real situations, with the influence of pre-emergency activity. This study added a step to the efficacy of using VR as a tool to study human behavior during the pre-evacuation period and pointed out the need for the next generation of alarms, which will improve human safety in building emergencies.
Exact G$$_{\mathbf{2}}$$-structures on compact quotients of Lie groups
Authors: Fino Anna , Martín-Merchán Lucía , Raffero Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show that the compact quotient $$\Gamma \backslash {\mathrm G}$$

Γ
\
G

of a seven-dimensional simply connected Lie group $${\mathrm G}$$
G
by a co-compact discrete subgroup $$\Gamma \subset {\mathrm G}$$

Γ
⊂
G

does not admit any exact $${\mathrm G}_2$$

G
2

-structure which is induced by a left-invariant one on $${\mathrm G}$$
G
.
Thermoelectric properties of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array with embedded bismuth telluride
Authors: Tseng Shih Chun , Wang Chin-An , Chu Hsu Shen , Tsai Hung-Yin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, thermoelectric (TE) devices have attracted much attention because they have no moving parts, simple structures, high reliability, and environmental friendly, when compared to other green energy techniques. In this paper, we report a novel thermoelectric composite constructed one with a self-assembled highly oriented Sb doped Bi2Te3 and one without doping nanoflake layer deposited on regular vertically aligned checkerboard-patterned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays (500 nm squares and 1 µm pitch) on insulated SiO2/Si substrates. The height of Bi2Te3/Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3, MWCNTs and volumetric ratio of MWCNT to Bi2Te3/ Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 are about 3 μm, 1.5 μm, and 25%, respectively. The blending of regular vertically aligned MWCNT patterns into Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 results in a dramatically enhancement of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient and power factor of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3-MWCNTs show a maximum value of 600 μV/K and 60 μW/cm-K2 at 160 K and gradually decrease to 409 μV/K, and about 14.1 μW/cm-K2 at 300 K, respectively. The significant records of the low temperature Seebeck coefficients and relative electrical properties are extremely important for the fundamental understanding of vertically aligned MWCNT embedded thermoelectric composites.
Plant extracts and compounds for combating schistosomiasis
Authors: El-Seedi Hesham R. , Khalifa Shaden A. M. , Mohamed Azza H. , Yosri Nermeen , Zhao Chao , El-Wakeil Nabil , Attia Nour F. , Xu Baojun , AbdElhafez AbdElhafez R. , Boskabady Mohammad H. , Elseedy Sherif , Efferth Thomas , Verpoorte Rob 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a vector-borne water-based disease caused by Schistosoma blood flukes. It mostly affects people in low-income regions, 90% of reported cases being in developing countries. Schistosoma has a complex lifecycle, alternately infecting mammalian hosts and snails. The snails hosting the parasite are the most viable targets. Selective preparations for reducing the parasite pool in snails and infected water are required as current molluscicides are also nontoxic to other organisms, including fish, and thus affect food supplies in infected areas. Plants (e.g. Annona crassiflora Mart., A. muricata L., and A. montana Macfad.) are attractive potential sources as alternative molluscicides and novel entity to treat the disease owned to their diverse biologically potent compounds including; saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins. Additionally, they can be locally cultivated, providing income for farmers and reducing treatment costs. Here, we review plants, plant extracts and isolated compounds that have shown activities against the host snails or Schistosoma in various parts of its life cycle. Plants have a lot of potential and will continue to contribute feasible, effective medicines and/or pesticides; more research is warranted to fully explore their future applications.
Graphical abstract
Research on near field sound pressure of circular piston source based on angular spectrum method
Authors: Yi-shu Zhang , Jie-yuan Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accuracy of ultrasonic nondestructive examination is limited by the limitation of near field diffraction. With the development of nearfield optical, angular spectrum method is introduced into the acoustic field, which provides a significant direction for the ultrasonic diffraction limit resolution detection. The main research of this paper is the transmission of near field ultrasound in thin workpiece and the law of the interaction of tiny flaws. The paper establishes the relationship between the longitudinal wave signal and the structure of the workpiece and the types of flaws. A method is found that whether there are flaws can be determined near field area by analysing the acoustic field characteristics of workpiece surface. Finally, comparing the calculation results with the finite element simulation, they verify each other, the method turns out to be correct in this paper. The model can also be used to improve the ultrasonic noise reduction algorithm and the extraction of minimal defect feature. It has a greatly practical significance.