bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loading capacity, rotation loss and torsional oscillation research on an Evershed-type hybrid superconducting bearing used for micro-thrust measurements
Authors: Liu Z X , Yang W J , Zhao P , Deng F W , Yan J Z , Ren J X , Tang H B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Characterized by their very low rotational drag, applications of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) bearings have been expanded in some high-precision instruments. We have developed a sensitive magnetic suspension stand based on an Evershed-type hybrid HTS bearing to measure μN-level thrust. The hybrid HTS bearing uses the strong attractive force of a permanent magnet (PM)-biased bearing to support the main load in the bearing, while instability in the PM-biased bearing is compensated by the magnetic stability from a HTS bearing. Compared with a single PM/HTS bearing, the hybrid HTS bearing is intended not only to support larger loads but also to suppress rotation loss and levitation drift. Loading capacity, loss and damping torque were explored for different design parameters such as bearing gaps L
1, L
2 and the field cooling height (FCH) of bulk HTSs. Spin-down testing suggested that the loss of a hybrid HTS bearing can be reduced by increasing the HTS bearing gap L
2 or reducing the FCH. The hybrid HTS bearing showed a typical oscillation behavior at extreme low frequencies, and torsional pendulum testing suggested that the spring constant k of the hybrid HTS bearing can be as low as 36.39 μN m deg–1. A micro-thrust stand based on the hybrid HTS bearing was established to test an electrospray thruster in a vacuum chamber, and the measurement result of 26.61 μN shows the ability of the micro-thrust stand to achieve μN level testing.
Sugarcane waste based synthesized graphene like nanocarbon (GNC) for shock absorption application
Authors: Gawade Rohini P , Dahotre Sangeeta G , Chinke Shamal L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report on the synthesis, characterization, and shock absorption characteristics of Graphene like Nano Carbon (GNC) prepared by the combustion of biomass (sugarcane waste) using the Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (RT-CVD) technique. Post synthesis, the samples were purified by subjecting them to intercalation and annealing. The synthesised GNCs were then characterised by Raman, Infrared, and UV spectroscopy, together with microscopy. In analysis, the GNCs were observed to be rectangular in shape, thick, having sharp edges and corners, and having an area ∼50–200 μm2 with wrinkles on it. TEM images showed that GNCs exhibit smooth wrinkle contours with bits of dark showing conjugated graphene layers stacked together having multiple defects and dislocations. In Raman spectroscopy, D peak is observed at ∼1335 cm−1 and G peak is observed at ∼1591 cm−1 indicating GNC consists of sp2 and sp3 hybridised complex phases. The Crystalline Length (La), Disordered Length (LD) and Defect Density (nD) have been estimated to be 21.26 nm, 9.60 nm and 1.084 × 10−12/cm2 respectively. FTIR spectra revealed that C-C is present at ∼1420 cm−1 and C-O-C is present at 900 cm−1. In Uv measurements, no typical absorption peak was observed due to the micrometre size of GNC. The shock absorption properties of GNCs were investigated by subjecting them to pressure (~1.5 GPa) using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The obtained mechanical parameters revealed that GNCs absorbed ∼65% of incident energy and ∼15% transmitted, demonstrating their utility in the development of armour, shock and blast mitigating blocks, defense, and space applications.
Stochastic gravitational waves from long cosmic strings
Authors: Camargo Neves da Cunha Disrael , Ringeval Christophe , Bouchet François R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We compute the expected strain power spectrum and energy
density parameter of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) created by a network of long cosmic strings evolving during
the whole cosmic history. As opposed to other studies, the
contribution of cosmic string loops is discarded and our result
provides a robust lower bound of the expected signal that is
applicable to most string models. Our approach uses Nambu-Goto
numerical simulations, running during the radiation, transition and
matter eras, in which we compute the two-point unequal-time
anisotropic stress correlators. These ones act as source terms in
the linearised equations of motion for the tensor modes, that we
solve using an exact Green's function integrator. Today, we find
that the rescaled strain power spectrum (k/ℋ0)2𝒫
h
peaks
on Hubble scales and exhibits, at large wavenumbers, high frequency
oscillations around a plateau of amplitude 100 (GU)2. Most of the
high frequency power is generated by the long strings present in the
matter era, the radiation era contribution being smaller.
Exploiting a future galactic supernova to probe neutrino magnetic moments
Authors: Jana Sudip , Porto-Silva Yago P. , Sen Manibrata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A core-collapse supernova (SN) offers an excellent astrophysical laboratory to test non-zero neutrino magnetic moments. In particular, the neutronization burst phase, which lasts for a few tens of milliseconds post-bounce, is dominated by electron neutrinos and can offer exceptional discovery potential for transition magnetic moments. We simulate the neutrino spectra from the burst phase in forthcoming neutrino experiments like the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), and the Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), by taking into account spin-flavour conversions of supernova neutrinos caused by interactions with ambient magnetic fields. We find that the sensitivities to neutrino transition magnetic moments which can be explored by these experiments for a galactic SN are an order to several orders of magnitude better than the current terrestrial and astrophysical limits. Additionally, we also discuss how this realization might provide light on three important neutrino properties: (a) the Dirac/Majorana nature, (b) the neutrino mass ordering, and (c) the neutrino mass-generation mechanism.
CMB constraints on monodromy inflation at strong coupling
Authors: Copeland Edmund J. , Cunillera Francesc , Moss Adam , Padilla Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We carry out a thorough numerical examination of field theory monodromy inflation at
strong coupling. We perform an MCMC analysis using a Gaussian likelihood, fitting multiparameter
models using CMB constraints on the spectral index and the tensor to scalar ratio. We show that
models with uniquely positive Wilson coefficients are ruled out. If there are coefficients that
can take on both signs, there can be a cancellation of terms that flattens the potentials and
allows one to satisfy current data, and forecasts with strong constraints on the tensor to scalar
ratio. Models of field theory monodromy are naturally enhanced to include a mechanism for
canceling off radiative corrections to vacuum energy, via vacuum energy sequestering (VES).
Although they include a much larger parameter space, we find that a similar numerical examination
yields no significant change in the Bayesian evidence for VES enhanced models, with naturalness
considerations making them more attractive from a theoretical perspective.
Multimodal collaborative brain-computer interfaces aid human-machine team decision-making in a pandemic scenario
Authors: Valeriani Davide , O’Flynn Lena C , Worthley Alexis , Sichani Azadeh Hamzehei , Simonyan Kristina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Critical decisions are made by effective teams that are characterized by individuals who trust each other and know how to best integrate their opinions. Here, we introduce a multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) to help collaborative teams of humans and an artificial agent achieve more accurate decisions in assessing danger zones during a pandemic scenario. Approach. Using high-resolution simultaneous electroencephalography/functional MRI (EEG/fMRI), we first disentangled the neural markers of decision-making confidence and trust and then employed machine-learning to decode these neural signatures for BCI-augmented team decision-making. We assessed the benefits of BCI on the team’s decision-making process compared to the performance of teams of different sizes using the standard majority or weighing individual decisions. Main results. We showed that BCI-assisted teams are significantly more accurate in their decisions than traditional teams, as the BCI is capable of capturing distinct neural correlates of confidence on a trial-by-trial basis. Accuracy and subjective confidence in the context of collaborative BCI engaged parallel, spatially distributed, and temporally distinct neural circuits, with the former being focused on incorporating perceptual information processing and the latter involving action planning and executive operations during decision making. Among these, the superior parietal lobule emerged as a pivotal region that flexibly modulated its activity and engaged premotor, prefrontal, visual, and subcortical areas for shared spatial-temporal control of confidence and trust during decision-making. Significance. Multimodal, collaborative BCIs that assist human-artificial agent teams may be utilized in critical settings for augmented and optimized decision-making strategies.
Photocatalytic removal of an azo dye from solutions using ZnO and modified ZnO: Benzoic acid azo dye as a model
Authors: Al-Gubury Hazim Y , Alrazzak Nour Abd , Saad Suad T , Haider Sara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of azo dyes, a severe water pollution source, on the ecosystem and public health have been widely studied, and more studies were made to remove these dyes from water using chemical, biological, electrochemical and physicochemical methods. This study relies on the photocatalytic degradation process as a clean method to clean water from azo dyes. The 4-((2-methyl-1-hydroxy naphthalene-1-yl) diazenyl) benzoic acid azo dye was used as a model dye in this study and prepared from a coupling reaction of p-aminobenzoic acid with 2-methylnaphthol. The photocatalytic degradation of this dye has been carried out using ZnO and modified ZnO. The dye removal was tested at various weights of ZnO and modified ZnO, different concentrations of the dye under constant light irradiation by using a 250 watts UV lamp. The results showed the dye removal by the modified (ZnO) was 92.4%, which is higher than the removal efficiency by the unmodified ZnO (87.51%). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that modified ZnO removes a high percentage of the dyes; therefore, it is recommended to use it to remove other common pollutants in the Iraqi rivers, such as phosphate and turbidity.
Theoretical study on dye-sensitized solar cells using graphene quantum dot and curcumin, pahthalocyanine dyes
Authors: Abed Hussein Hakim , Al-Aaraji Noor Al-Huda , Salman Jasmin M. , Abduljalil Hayder M. , Al-Seady Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the nanostructures from curcumin dye, Phthalocyanine (Pc) dye and graphene quantum dot GQD (C30H14), as well as, the nanocomposites which include (GQD/ curcumin, 2GQD/ curcumin, GQD/ Pc and 2GQD/ Pc) are considered to investigate the performances in solar sensation. The geometrical optimization and optical properties of the studied structures are done using the density functional theory DFT and time dependent TDDFT method with B3LYP/6-31G level. Examining the evaluated structures as a sensitizer of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by taking the TiO2 electrode and I-/I-3 electrolyte, it was found that the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, charge spatial separations, energy gap, and light harvesting efficiency for GQD/ Pc nanocomposite satisfied the requirements as a sensitizer. Therefore, it is concluded that the GQD/ Pc nanocomposite indicates an equilibrium among the multiple essential factors and it is predicted that it can be preferred as a promising sensitizer in the DSSCs compared with others structures.
Adopting electrocoagulation technology for removing arsenic from contaminated water
Authors: Abdulredha Muhammad , Ismael Hussein Idrees , Khalaf Zahraa D. , Abood Emad Salaam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increasing demand for drinkable water has speeded the expansion of groundwater use. Unfortunately, many geogenic contaminants like arsenic significantly decrease the quality of groundwater. Arsenic in water has harmed at least 0.3 billion people globally. Researchers used various types of treatment technologies to treat arsenic from synthetic wastewater, such as reverse osmoses, adsorption, and electrocoagulation. The electrocoagulation technique has gained popularity due to its increased removal efficiency compared to traditional treatments, low cost, and low sludge generation. This research aims to analyse arsenic treatment and examine the effect of technique variables on the removal performance to determine the best process variables for water purification. The outcome highlighted that arsenic removal improved with higher current densities needing less operating time. As a result, the removal effectiveness of arsenic from water using the electrocoagulation approach went from 88% to 96% in an alkaline environment, which is preferable. The best working settings for arsenic removal include a current density of 6 mA/m2 and a treating time of 30 minutes to reach 81% arsenic removal effectiveness. The best pH level for treating arsenic-contaminated water has been identified as 9.
Effect of temperature, strain rate and chromium content on the flow behavior of high-manganese steels
Authors: Xia Lei , Yan Ling , Zhang Hongmei , Li Yan , Jiang Zhengyi , Li Guanglong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compression tests and metallographic observation were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature (400 °C–1100 °C), strain rate (0.001–10 s−1) and chromium content (0.21–5.44 wt.%) on the flow behavior of high manganese steels for cryogenic application. The results showed that the flow stress reduced with increased temperature and decreased strain rate. The effect of chromium content on the flow stress of steels was not linear. The lowest flow stress was got when the content of chromium was 1.53 wt.%. The influence of strain rate and temperature was obvious while that of chromium content was minor. The maximum flow stress decreased 538 MPa-571 MPa when the temperature rised from 400 °C to 1100 °C at the strain rate 10 s−1. It ascended 146 MPa-149 MPa when the strain rate increased from 0.001 s−1 to 10 s−1 at 400 °C. However, the effect of chromium content on the maximum flow stress of steels did not exceed 50 MPa at tested temperatures and strain rates. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was observed for all tested steels at 1100 °C. Higher temperatures and lower strain rates seemed to promote DRX. The true strain required for DRX was the largest when the chromium content in steels was 1.53 wt.%. It delayed the occurrence of DRX.
Lattice dynamics, elastic, magnetic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of the two-dimensional semiconductors MPSe3 (M = Cd, Fe and NI): a first-principles study
Authors: Musari A A , Kratzer Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adopting Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Hubbard U correction implemented in Quantum Espresso, we have performed a comprehensive first-principles study of MPSe3 (M = Cd. Fe and Ni) monolayers. The computed electronic properties revealed the semi-conductive nature of the monolayers with small indirect bandgaps. A free-standing single layer of MPSe3 can be exfoliated from the parent compound by virtue of its structural stability and high in-plane stiffness. Hence, the elastic and dynamical properties were computed to establish the mechanical and dynamical stability. The results showed that CdPSe3 and NiPSe3 are stable in the trigonal structure while a single negative frequency observed in the phonon dispersion of FePSe3 indicates the possibility to relax to another, less symmetric structure. In addition, these 2D systems showed relatively good response when subjected to strain hence, they can be said to be mechanically stable. The thermodynamic properties, such as internal energies, vibrational free energies, entropies and constant-volume heat capacities have been computed within the harmonic approximations using the phonon density of states. The computed thermoelectric properties show that CdPSe3 and FePSe3 have the peak figure of merit at low temperature of 50 K. This work predicts a thermoelectric performance with an electronic figure of merit of 0.28 for p-doped CdPSe3. Moreover, the DFT+U method predicts an electronic figure of merit of 0.39 and 0.2 for p-doped FePSe3 and NiPSe3, respectively.
Comparative property analysis of fused filament fabrication PLA using fresh and recycled feedstocks
Authors: Dash Aparna , Kabra Shruti , Misra Sidhant , G Hrishikeshan , Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Patterson Albert E , Chadha Utkarsh , Rajan A John , Hirpha Bulcha Bekele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Manufacturing industries generate much waste, which can be converted into raw materials for other allied industries. Thermoplastic wastes can be recycled in many cases. Recently these recycled plastics have been used to manufacture the input filament necessary for material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM). Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most common and potentially useful engineering plastics that can be additively manufactured, but the effect of recycling on the effective properties is still not well known. In this study, the mechanical properties of MEAM-processed PLA were compared for virgin and recycled feedstock. The collected data were analyzed using a full-factorial design of experiments method, providing insight into the effects of layer thickness and infill density on the performance of the material before and after recycling. The results showed a notable degradation in properties after recycling, but this effect was moderated by modifying the studied parameters. This work and its conclusions will serve as a screening study to guide future efforts in this area and promote the wider use of recycled materials in additive manufacturing.
Stretchable printed circuit board integrated with Ag-nanowire-based electrodes and organic transistors toward imperceptible electrophysiological sensing
Authors: Kawabata Rei , Araki Teppei , Akiyama Mihoko , Uemura Takafumi , Wu Tianxu , Koga Hirotaka , Okabe Yusuke , Noda Yuki , Tsuruta Shuichi , Izumi Shintaro , Nogi Masaya , Suganuma Katsuaki , Sekitani Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wearable devices with excellent mechanical stretchability, comparable to that of human skin, are highly desirable for preventing discomfort and dermatitis. Composite material systems that use metal particles and elastomers are promising for realizing intrinsic stretchable electrodes with high conductivity and enhancing mechanical flexibility of wearable devices. However, it is challenging to achieve stable device performance under mechanical deformation using stretchable electrodes. In this study, stretchable electrodes with enhanced conductivity and stretchability are developed and integrated with organic transistors to fabricate a stretchable printed circuit board (PCB) that acts as a voltage amplifier under large strains. The stretchable electrodes are composed of silver microparticles, a small quantity of silver nanowires (AgNWs), and an elastomer matrix, which demonstrated a conductivity of 8.5 × 103 S cm−1 at a curing temperature of 100 °C. The observed conductivity was 3.6 times higher than that of electrodes without AgNWs. Owing to the addition of AgNWs, the durability strain in cyclic stretching increased from 10% to 75%; the increment can be attributed to the suppression of microcrack propagation. Moreover, the proposed stretchable PCB was applied to fabricate a voltage amplifier, which enabled stable amplification by 14 times under 0% and 75% strain owing to a mechanical rigid-soft patterning designed into the substrate according to the rigidness of the mounted components. The stabilization technologies in the proposed stretchable PCB can contribute to the development of wearable devices for long-term usage to assist the early detection of diseases.
Conservation genetics of montane willow populations in Scotland—limited natural recovery despite long-distance gene flow and high genetic diversity
Authors: Finger A , Rao S , Cowie N , MacDonell T , Beck A , Denny B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant species around the world are negatively affected by habitat fragmentation and climate change. Montane willow populations in the UK have declined primarily due to grazing, as well as climate change and muirburn in certain areas. Only small, isolated populations remain, scattered across steep ledges where shrubs escape most grazing animals. We explored the genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic diversity in the largest remaining patches in the UK, which lie in Scotland, for two now restricted and rare montane willow species—Salix myrsinites and Salix lapponum. Using ten microsatellite loci and an almost complete genetic inventory in the central Cairngorms area (S. myrsinites n = 186, S. lapponum n = 91) we showed that genetic diversity (heterozygosity and allelic richness) is relatively high in both species, particularly high for the decaploid S. myrsinites, and clonal reproduction low. Historic gene flow between populations could be demonstrated. Significant inbreeding was detected in both species and observed seed set and numbers of juveniles in the field are low, possibly indicating signs of inbreeding depression. Both species have extremely low numbers of individuals at each site, with many being smaller than ten, and in some cases combined with skewed sex-ratios (mainly female biased). This will likely cause more severe reproductive failures in the next generations unless population numbers are increased. Reinforcing populations of both species under low grazing pressure with new, unrelated individuals, as well as creating new stepping-stone populations will be necessary to help the recovery of these species. Results from this study will inform restoration work in Scotland aiming to create continuous woodland habitats from pinewoods at lower altitudes through to higher altitude downy birch woodlands merging with montane willows.
mHapTk: a comprehensive toolkit for the analysis of DNA methylation haplotypes
Authors: Ding Yi , Cai Kangwen , Liu Leiqin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zheng Xiaoqi , Shi Jiantao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
Bisulfite sequencing remains the gold standard technique to detect DNA methylation profiles at single-nucleotide resolution. The DNA methylation status of CpG sites on the same fragment represents a discrete methylation haplotype (mHap). The mHap-level metrics were demonstrated to be promising cancer biomarkers and explain more gene expression variation than average methylation. However, most existing tools focus on average methylation and neglect mHap patterns. Here, we present mHapTk, a comprehensive python toolkit for the analysis of DNA mHap. It calculates eight mHap-level summary statistics in predefined regions or across individual CpG in a genome-wide manner. It identifies methylation haplotype blocks, in which methylations of pairwise CpGs are tightly correlated. Furthermore, mHap patterns can be visualized with the built-in functions in mHapTk or external tools such as IGV and deepTools.

Availability and implementation
https://jiantaoshi.github.io/mhaptk/index.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.