bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Regulators in Pomology: The End of The Beginning
Authors: Martin George C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Historians tend to find what they are looking for. My bias in developing historical aspects of Growth Regulators (GR) in Pomology has been positive, as I believe that control of plant growth will eventually be possible. The thought processes and actions taken by individuals who led the way to eventual use of GR are difficult to access. Perhaps the beginnings were initiated by those who had the time to observe plant growth and write down what they saw. To credit any one individual would be of doubtful accuracy. Historically, the one who accumulates fame for a breakthrough put the finishing touches on an idea which had evolved over a long period of time.
Fruit Breeding — History, Progress, and Perspective
Authors: Fredric Hough L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It would be a laborious task indeed to do justice to my title, on this 75th anniversary of the organization of our Society and just 78 years after the republication of Mendel's experiments, if we did not have the recent, excellent encyclopedia and gospel, the good news about fruit breeding — Advances in Fruit Breeding (14); and if Dr. J. N. Moore (21) had not presented an inspiring summary of breeding research with some of the “small” fruits, together with an optimistic yet, to my mind, very reasonable prognosis for achievements through breeding.
Growth and Development of Landscape Plants: A Science Comes of Age
Authors: Tukey H. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The founding and early administration of the American Society for Horticultural Science was led by those concerned primarily with pomology and to a lesser extent vegetable crops, and these two areas of horticulture dominated Society meetings for half a century. Reports of research with ornamental crops, including both floriculture and nursery plants, did not appear on programs or in the Proceedings for many years, despite the interest of L. H. Bailey, first president of the Society. Bailey mentioned the virtues of floriculture and landscape gardening in his first presidential address (1) and later the “growing taste for ornamental planting” in America (2). Speakers at early meetings summarized research on nursery crops in Europe (16), the benefits of plant exploration in China, and the need for a coordinated effort in establishing a system of plant introduction (2), but it was not until 1913 that Blake's report (3) on roses appeared, the first paper about a floricultural crop. Woody plants were first discussed in 1925-26 (11, 17, 25); but it was not until 1930, 27 years after the founding of the Society, that papers related to nursery plants appeared with any frequency. Thus, the early history in ASHS of growth and development of woody landscape plants is sparse, although at the same time bulletins were being published at several experiment stations and scientists in Europe were publishing regularly.
Blightlike Citrus Tree Declines in South America and South Africa1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. , Schwarz Ralph E. , Campiglia Hector G. , Moreira Celio S. , Rossetti Victoria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Water injection tests and analysis of the outer trunk wood for Zn, K, Mg, CI, and water-soluble phenolics of trees declining of declinamiento or fruta bolita (Argentina), marchit-amiento repentino (Uruguay), declinio (Brazil), and an unnamed decline in South Africa showed that these trees behave like blight-affected trees in Florida. Water uptake of declining trees is reduced, and Zn, K, Mg, and CI levels in the wood are usually higher than in healthy trees. Trees of ‘Valencia’, ‘Westin’, ‘Tarocco’, ‘Calderon’, ‘Natal’, ‘Alidjan’, and ‘Washington navel’ sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), ‘Eureka’ and ‘Lisbon’ lemons (C. limon (L.) Burm. f.), ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (C paradisi Macf.), and ‘Comun’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), rough lemon (C. limon), Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata), and Rangpur (C. reticulata hybrid) rootstocks were used in this study.
Microwave Drying of Nursery Leaf Samples for Elemental Analysis1
Authors: Smith Morris W. , Gaines T. Powell 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nutrient concentration of azalea (Rhododendron sp.), juniper (Juniperus sp.), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.), and camellia (Camellia sp.) did not differ between leaves dried in microwave or conventional ovens.
Interpreting the Metabolic Responses of Plants to Water Stress1
Authors: Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climatic factors-particularly the ranges and mean values of water availability and temperature-were major selective forces in the evolution of crop plants, and it is adaptation to these factors which sets the broad distribution limits for today's crops. The extremes of the ranges of water availability and temperature (the stresses of drought, flooding, cold and heat) likely to be encountered at any location are particularly important in determining the crop species and cultivars which can be profitably grown there, i.e. the adapted genotypes for that environment. The phenomenon of plant adaptation to environment can, in principle, be understood in physiological, biochemical and genetic terms. Current research on crop adaptation to stress-prone environments, research which seeks such an understanding, may influence the future practices in both plant breeding and crop management.
Stress Ethylene Production-A Measure of Plant Response to Stress
Authors: Tingey David T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Data on plant response to stress are used to implement the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Clean Air Act, and other federal regulations. Phytotoxicological data are essential in assessing the environmental hazards inherent in waste, sludge and/or dredge spoil disposal methods and in evaluating the potential or existing impacts of various industrial and/or energy processes.
Response of Forsythia ☓ intermedia to Growth Retardants and Sodium Chloride1
Authors: Ormrod D. P. , Lumis G. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dikegulac-sodium application markedly increased branch number and decreased branch length of Forsythia × intermedia Zab. plants, but salt application to the rooting medium decreased the effectiveness of this growth retardant. Ancymidol reduced branch length without increasing branch number, while daminozide did not affect branch length or number. Salt application did not affect plant response to ancymidol or daminozide.
Evaluation of Root Growth in Varying Medium Densities and through Dissimilar Soil Surfaces1
Authors: Nicolosi Ralph T. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Root penetration of Euonymus data (Thunb.) Siebold ‘Compactus’ through a peat-soil (1:1 v/v) medium and into an unamended mineral soil increased as medium density increased from 1.3 to 1.8 g/cm3. Root penetration was decreased at all medium densities across a glazed interior medium-soil interface.
Differential Cultivar Responses of Tomato Transplants to Ethephon1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Phatak S. C. , Liptay A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) responded differently when (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied at 300 ppm in the transplant stage. The amount of stem root proliferation and the length of these roots were the largest on ‘Ohio 7663’ transplants. ‘Heinz 2653’, ‘Libby 2981’, ‘Heinz 414’, ‘Knox’ and ‘Campbell 28’ showed major stem root proliferation from ethephon, whereas ‘Peto 80’, ‘Campbell 37’, ‘Hunt 62’, and ‘Hunt 208 F’ had a very small amount of stem root proliferation. The average stem diameter for the 18 cultivars treated with ethephon increased from 0.50 to 0.63 cm in 21 days.
The Effect of Dusting Sulfur on Muskmelons1
Authors: Johnson Hunter , Mayberry Keith S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thirty-one cultivars of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were evaluated for their response to foliar dusting sulfur applications. Most cultivars were highly resistant to sulfur injury. Resistance was variable among cantaloupe types (Reticulatus group); all winter melon types (Inodorus group) were resistant.
Anatomical and Morphological Adaptation of Plants to Waterlogging1
Authors: Kawase Makoto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most agricultural crops are mesophytes which require an environment which is neither too wet nor too dry for maximum growth and productivity. Once soil becomes waterlogged, air space is displaced with water. The O2 remaining in the soil, either dissolved in water or trapped in air cavities, is quickly depleted by respiration of plant roots and soil microorganisms (69). O2 replenishment in the soil is very inefficient because of the stow diffusion of atmospheric O2 into the waterlogged soil. Root systems are thus suddenly plunged into an anaerobic condition by waterlogging. If waterlogging continues for a tong period, the reducing processes in the rhizosphere aggravate the plant condition. Waterlogging does not necessarily occur only when the soil is inundated. Rather, waterlogging often occurs when water fills a critical proportion of the soil air spaces, depending upon the species of the plant involved. Such problems are prevalent in fields having poor drainage, that is, when underground and surface drainage is inadequate to remove water from the soil after a rain.
A Compact Automatic System for Measuring CO2 and C2H4 Evolution by Harvested Horticultural Crops1
Authors: Watada Alley E. , Massie David R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A compact automatic system was developed for sampling, analyzing, calculating, and recording rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene production by up to 54 samples. The system consists of rotary stepping valves, microcomputer with printer, cassette tape recorder, and a gas Chromatograph.
Poor Anchorage of Deeply Planted Peach Trees1
Authors: Lyons C. G. , Yoder K. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Strong winds during periods of heavy rainfall in August and Septem ber 1979 either blew over or loosened m any 3- to 5-year-old peach (Prunus persica(L.) Batsch) trees in Northern Virginia. In the spring of 1980, many of these trees grew poorly, failed to produce normal leaves, and in some cases, died.
Increase in Fruit Set of ‘Starking Delicious’ Apple with Triadimefon1
Authors: Strydom D. K. , Honeyborne G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two prebloom and 3 postbloom sprays of the mildewcide triadimefon were applied at 2 rates (25 and 100 ppm) to ‘Starking Delicious’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) The higher rate significantly increased fruit set and seed content and increased yield 30% without any detrimental effect on fruit size.
Thinning ‘Loring’ Peaches with CGA 15281
Authors: Dozier W. A. , Carlton C. C. , Short K. C. , McGuire J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Adequate fruit thinning of ‘Loring’ peach [Prunus persia (L.) Batsch] was achieved with single applications of (2-chloroethyl)-methylbis (phenylmethoxy) silane (CGA 15281) at concentrations of 240, 360, and 480 ppm applied at seed length of 8.8 mm and 2 applications at 240 and 360 ppm applied 7 days apart at 8.8 and 10.8 mm seed lengths in 1978. Additional hand thinning following treatment was required. In 1979 adequate thinning was achieved with 1 application of 240 ppm applied at seed length of 13.9 mm or 480 ppm applied at an 8.5-mm seed length. Yields from these treatments were reduced but did not differ from the control treatment. Multiple applications and higher rates resulted in over-thinning and reduced yields. The sensitivity of fruit to thinning appeared to increase with increased seed length. In 1978, foliage injury occurred at all rates and the severity of injury increased at higher concentrations and multiple applications. However, no foliage injury was observed in 1979.
Growth Response of Foliage Plants to Night and Water Temperatures1
Authors: Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Maranta leuconeura Kerchoviana E. Morr. grew better at 15 than 21°C minimum night temperature (MNT), while Aglaonema commutation Schott. ‘Fransher’ and Aphelandra squar-rosa Nees. ‘Dania’ were unaffected by reduced MNT. Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Marianne’ and Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott. ‘Bostoniensis’ (Boston Fern) grew slightly better at 21 and 18° MNT while growth of Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) Bunt (Golden Pothos) improved with each increase in MNT. Irrigation with 5,10,15 or 20° water had no effect on plant growth or grade.
Influence of Sulfur Dioxide Fumigation on Regrowth of American Sycamore Seedlings Treated with Maleic Hydrazide1
Authors: Roberts B. R. , Domir S. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-year-old containerized seedlings of American sycamore (Platanus occidentals L.) were treated with maleic hydrazide (MH) before, after, or in the absence of sulfur dioxide (S02) fumigation. Exposure to S02 did not reduce the effectiveness of MH in controlling regrowth of this species. A strong negative linear trend was observed between SO2 concentration and sprout growth, either with or without MH treatment. In all instances, exposure to 1.0 ppm S02 resulted in high levels of phytotoxicity.
Effects of Antitranspirants on Hydrangea1
Authors: Tracy T. E. , Lewis A. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Antitranspirants (Exhalt 4-10, Vapor Gard, Wilt Pruf, and Folicote) were more phyto-toxic when applied to detached florets than to detached leaves of hydrangea (Hydrangea macro-phylla Thunb. cv. Improved Merveille). Transpiration was high from hydrangea flowers as well as leaves. Folicote applied to intact flowering plants at concentrations of 1.25–5.00% was effective in reducing transpiration 10–15% compared to untreated plants.
Qualitative Test for Silver in Cut Carnations1
Authors: Gorin Natalio , Zonneveld Hendrik , Spekking Willem T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Receptacles from cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) incubated in silver thiosulfate were digested, neutralized to pH 1.0 and treated with dithizone solution in carbon tetrachloride. Controls were incubated in sodium thiosulfate or in tap water. With silver, the dithizone solution changed from green to yellow and the spectrophotogram had one peak with a maximum at wavelength 462.5 nm. The controls remained green and their spectrophotograms had two peaks at 447.5 nm and 617.5 nm, as did dithizone solution alone. The method is specific for silver ions.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Sydnor T. Davis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The 1980s are predicted to be a decade of change for the academic community. The 1960s were characterized by rapid increases in student numbers in all areas of higher education. Because of the tremendous demand, universities were able to hire additional faculty and staff. The 1970s were characterized by a relatively static enrollment period in most areas of the U.S. Numbers of new positions decreased, while student numbers and demand for services remained reasonably constant. Horticulture’s history during this period was slightly different. While student numbers increased during the 1960s, on a percentage basis, absolute numbers remained reasonably constant. Growth in horticulture came during the 1970s, when the number of new faculty positions being created were lower. The result has been strained budgets and nerves, as horticulture departments have been forced to provide services for a large number of students without the rapidly increasing budgets characteristic of the 1960s.
Developing Cooperation Between Landscape Architecture and Horticulture
Authors: Carpenter Jot D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concerns that I wish to address are ones I have been discussing for a decade. As a student at the University of Georgia, I was in the Department of Landscape Architecture and the College of Agriculture. It is interesting to note that at that time, I did not know a Department of Horticulture existed at The University of Georgia. Unfortunately, this is still the situation on a number of campuses today. At both Georgia and Harvard, the landscape architecture student is taught plant material by a member of the landscape architecture faculty. Yet at many other schools, horticulture faculty teach such courses.
In Vitro Propagation of Thornless Trailing Blackberries1
Authors: Skirvin R. M. , Chu M. C. , Gomez E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rapid proliferation of axillary buds of ‘Thornless Boysenberry’ and ‘Thornless Young-berry’ (Rubus sp.) in tissue culture has been achieved on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoots were induced to root on medium consisting of MS high mineral salts, myo-inositol, and thia-mine·HCl diluted to 1/16 to 1/2 strength and supplemented with full strength sucrose and agar. Rooted plants have been successfully moved to soil and grown in the greenhouse.
Stunt Disease in Rabbiteye Blueberry1
Authors: Dale J. L. , Mainland CM. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tissue of‘Garden Blue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were collected from field-grown plants with typical symptoms of stunt disease in North Carolina. Electron microscopy examination revealed bodies having mycoplasmalike characteristics in the phloem sieve elements indicating that this species can be naturally infected with the stunt disease organism.
Growth of Tomato Seedlings at Sub-atmospheric Pressures1
Authors: Rule D. E. , Staby G. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Growth of ‘Cambell-28’ (C-28) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum. Mill.) seedlings at 250 torr was stimulated over growth at 750 torr but growth appeared to be inhibited at 125 torr. Growth stimulation was measurable after a lag phase.
Effects of Late-season Nitrogen and Foliar Calcium Applications on Sweet Potatoes1,2
Authors: Hammett Larry K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Form, rate, and date of late-season soil application of N and foliar applications of CaCl2 to ‘Jewel’ sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) did not influence root yield, cracking, and mineral, carbohydrate, carotene or ascorbic acid concentrations. Use of CaCl2 foliar sprays and Ca(NOSS3)2 as a top dressing did not increase root Ca levels, firmness, or reduce the incidence of root cracking.
Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar Response to Bluegrass Billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal1
Authors: Lindgren D. T. , Shearman R. C. , Bruneau A. H. , Schaaf D. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A trial of 38 cultivare of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) demonstrated genetic differences to an infestation of bluegrass billbug. The correlation coefficient between injury ratings and billbug larval density in sod samples was r = 0.73. Thatch accumulation was not significantly correlated (r = 0.31) with billbug density.
Vegetative Growth Control of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Hedges with Chlormequat1
Authors: Criley Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) was the most effective of several growth retardants in retarding new growth of field-grown of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. without serious side effects. A reduction by one-third to one-half of non-treated growth occurred for 1000 and 3000 ppm (active ingredient), respectively. Over 3½ year period of repeated shearings plus spray applications, 1500 ppm was the most satisfactory following each shearing, while 3000 ppm could be used with alternate shearings. The growth retarding effect of 3000 ppm chlormequat was carried over from previous applications when sheared growth was untreated.
Nature and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plants: a Review1
Authors: Pearson O. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been described in many of our cultivated crops and is commercially useful in the production of hybrids when pollen vectors will provide the necessary economic levels of seed production. In the more common type, the sporophytic, the development of the microspore is affected by the abnormal growth of the tapetum or mistiming of callose formation and, in corn at least, the mitochondrial complex is involved. In the gametophytic system the factor causing abortion of the pollen apparently resides in the microspore rather than in its environment. Other systems which suggest plasmid-like inclusions associated with CMS have been reported. Transfer to the cytosterile mechanism by cell fusion has been accomplished, but wider application of this technique waits on methods for development of plants from naked protoplasts In more species.
Practical Aspects of Pest Management
Authors: Barnett William W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concept of integrated pest management (IPM) has received widespread acceptance only within the past decade. Evidence of this is reflected in the increased number of articles dealing with pest management being published in scientific journals, and the increased number of papers presented at various scientific meetings. However, it is not all that new. A version of the IPM called supervised control was being practiced in alfalfa and cotton in California over 30 years ago and a sophisticated cotton insect scouting program was being used in Arkansas in the 1950s. Though these early programs were aimed at insect control, they demonstrated the advantages of extensive monitoring, which is the backbone of any pest management program.
A Relationship between Water Loss and Storage Breakdown of ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Increased water loss during storage in air at 0-l°C was associated with reductions of senescent and low temperature breakdown of ‘Mcintosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in 3 storage seasons. Postharvest CaCl2 dip-treatments reduced storage breakdown when water loss was minimal.
Flowering Response of ‘Heritage’ Red Raspberry to Temperature and Nitrogen1
Authors: Lockshin L. S. , Elfving D. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plants of the fall-bearing red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L. cv. Heritage) were grown in 2 day/night temperature regimes (29/24°C and 25.5°/20°) under a 16-hour day with 3 nitrogen levels (0, 5 or 10 mg N/week). Canes flowered 2 weeks earlier and more profusely in the higher temperature. Nitrogen promoted greater cane growth, more flowering nodes per cane, and increased flowering per unit vegetative growth. The combination of high temperature and high nitrogen promoted greatest cane elongation, earliest and most profuse flowering, and the most flowers per unit of cane growth.
Rate of Water Uptake and Sites of Water Entry in Seeds of Different Cultivars of Dry Bean1
Authors: Korban Safi S. , Coyne Dermot P. , Weihing John L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Variations occurred in the rate of water uptake of seeds of different dry bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L). ‘Pinto UI11’ had a higher water uptake by 24 hours than the other 6 cultivars. The micropyle was the main site for water entry in white-seeded ‘Great Northern’ and it is inferred that the raphe and or hilum areas were mainly involved in water uptake in ‘Pinto UI11’. No water uptake through the seed coat of seeds of 7 cultivars occurred by 2, 4, or 8 hours and only a small amount by 24 hours, except ‘GN Star’ where no water uptake was noted indicating that it had an impermeable seed coat during that period.
Influence of Maximum Air Temperatures and Irrigation Frequencies during High Temperature Periods on Growth of Four Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four foliage plants were grown in greenhouses with maximum temperatures of 32, 38 or 44°C, May through October and irrigated 2, 3 or 4 times/week. Good quality Nephrolepis ex-altata (L.) Schott. ‘Bostonienis’ (Boston fern) and Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Perfection’ were grown at 38 and 44° maximum when irrigated 4 times/week. Plant grades of Cala-thea makoyana E. Morr. (peacock plant) were reduced by temperature increase and by frequent irrigation. Chamaedorea elegans Mart, (parlor palm) was unaffected by treatment. After plants were maintained for three months under an interior environment, differences between treatments were less noticeable.