bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological mechanism underlying vegetation restoration across climatic gradients in a karst ecosystem
Authors: Xiao Dan , He Xunyang , Zhang Wei , Hu Peilei , Sun Mingming , Wang Kelin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacteria, fungi, and protist are important in driving nutrient cycling. The microbiological mechanism underlying vegetation restoration during different temperature and precipitation gradients remains unclear. To determine the relationship between microbes and nutrients, we examined the changes in soil bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity and community composition under two different temperatures in a plantation forest and shrubland as well as reference cropland in a karst region. Bacterial and protist diversity in the warm and low‐altitude region of Guangxi (average temperature 20.9°C) was higher in cropland than in shrubland or plantation forest. By contrast, fungal richness was lower in cropland than in shrubland. A co‐occurrence network revealed higher numbers of correlated links among the bacterial, fungal, and protist taxa in the cool and high‐altitude region of Guizhou (average temperature 14.6°C) than in the warm and low‐altitude region of Guangxi. Stronger interactions were observed among microbial taxa under cropland than in vegetation restoration. The protist groups Cercozoa and Lobosa showed the highest numbers of links with the bacterial phyla Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria and with the fungal phylum Ascomycota. The numbers of Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Cercozoa were most correlated with soil nutrient levels of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Overall, microbial interactions were higher at low temperatures than at high temperatures, consequently intensifying the predation of bacteria and fungi by protists at a low‐temperature level. Furthermore, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Cercozoa were the keystone taxa linked to nutrient availability; hence, effective monitoring of these dominant groups may be beneficial for increasing nutrient accumulation during vegetation restoration.
Direct Imaging of Weak‐to‐Strong‐Coupling Dynamics in Biological Plasmon–Exciton Systems
Authors: Yuan Zhiyi , Huang Shih‐Hsiu , Qiao Zhen , Gong Chaoyang , Liao Yikai , Kim Munho , Birowosuto Muhammad D. , Dang Cuong , Wu Pin Chieh , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOptical coupling plays a pivotal role in nanophotonic systems, which can be divided into weak, intermediate, and strong‐coupling regimes. Monitoring optical coupling strength is, therefore, the key to understanding light–matter interactions. State‐of‐the‐art approaches based on spectral measurements offer the power to quantify and characterize optical coupling strength at a single cavity level. However, it remains challenging to dynamically characterize coupling strength during the transition from strong‐ to weak‐coupling regimes for many systems simultaneously. Here, a far‐field imaging technique is reported that can directly monitor optical coupling dynamics in plasmon–exciton systems, allowing multiple nanocavity emissions to be characterized from weak‐ to strong‐coupling regimes. Light‐harvesting biomolecules—chlorophyll‐a—is employed to study dynamic light–matter interactions in strongly coupled plasmonic nanocavities. Identification of coupling strength is achieved by extracting red, green, and blue (RGB) values from dark‐field images and an enhancement factor from fluorescence images. Lastly, the ability to monitor subtle changes of coupling dynamics in bioplasmonic nanocavity is demonstrated. These findings may deepen the understanding in light–matter interactions, paving new avenues toward applications in quantum‐based biosensing and imaging.
Telomere length is associated with intima‐media thickness in pediatric liver transplant patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Memaran Nima , Wilke Hannes , Sugianto Rizky I. , Baumann Ulrich , Bauer Elena , Swallow Maxine , Beuke Esther , Junge Norman , Pfister Eva D. , Grabitz Carl , Richter Nicolas , Goldschmidt Imeke , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Melk Anette 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker for biological age. Pediatric liver transplant recipients show a high rate of subclinical atherosclerosis, indicated by elevated intima‐media thickness (IMT). We hypothesized that atherosclerosis is associated with biological age in these patients and investigated the course of LTL over time. We measured LTL from peripheral blood leukocytes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and IMT from 97 pediatric patients after liver transplantation in a prospective cohort study. Of the patients, 71% (n = 69) had two or more assessments (total, 228 observations; median follow‐up, 1.1 years). Lower LTL was associated with higher IMT (β = −0.701, p = 0.01) and higher aspartate aminotransferase (β = −0.001, p = 0.02), adjusted for age, sex, and age at transplantation. Of the patients, 45% showed decreasing LTL over time, whereas 55% exhibited stable LTL. Patients with stable LTL showed a decrease in IMT (median, −0.02 mm/year) and a decrease of tacrolimus trough levels (median, −0.08 μg/L/year). LTL is associated with IMT independent of age in pediatric liver transplant patients, suggesting that early aging contributes to the high burden of subclinical cardiovascular damage and may furthermore negatively affect the graft.
Design of New Functional Flame‐Retardant System for High‐Performance Epoxy Thermosets Enabled by Bifunctional Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus and Synergistic Strategy
Authors: Pan Juncheng , Wu Minghong , Chu Hanghang , Nie Shifeng , Fu Liyun , Cao Bo , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing , Xie Weiqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new highly effective functional flame‐retardant system is designed and fabricated by the combination of bifunctional amino‐functionalized few‐layer black phosphorus (BP‐NH2) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), and BP‐NH2 is utilized as both the flame‐retarded synergistic agent of DOPO and the reinforcing agent for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxy thermoset. The cured epoxy thermoset with a low phosphorus loading (EP/DOPO‐0.4/BP‐NH2‐0.3, P content = 0.5 wt%) passes the UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 34.5%. EP/DOPO‐0.4/BP‐NH2‐0.3 also shows 20.8% and 16.0% reduction in the peak heat release rate and total heat release as compared to that of pure epoxy thermoset. Furthermore, EP/DOPO‐0.4/BP‐NH2‐0.3 exhibits significant enhancements in tensile modulus and strength, which are, respectively, increased by 11.4% and 18.0%. Thus, by combining a synergistic effect strategy and the bifunctional BP‐NH2, the fabrication of epoxy thermosets with high comprehensive (outstanding flame‐resistance and mechanical properties) performance can be achieved. This paper offers a facile and scalable approach to construct a highly‐effective functional flame‐retardant system and new insight into the versatility of BP‐NH2, possessing great potential for scalable production and utilization in fire‐safe high‐performance matrix materials.
How useful are crowdsourced air temperature observations? An assessment of Netatmo stations and quality control schemes over the United Kingdom
Authors: Coney Jonathan , Pickering Ben , Dufton David , Lukach Maryna , Brooks Barbara , Neely Ryan R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObservations of the real‐time state of the atmosphere are required in order to initialize numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. As NWP resolution improves, more observations are needed, to better capture regional variations in atmospheric conditions. In particular, surface observations are necessary to reflect conditions experienced on the surface. One proposed opportunity to increase the number of surface observations available for assimilation into NWP is to crowdsource the data from home weather stations. This study investigates the outdoor air temperature measurements made by Netatmo home weather stations, through validation against a calibrated laboratory chamber and by evaluating quality control schemes that are applied to a UK‐wide network of Netatmo stations. In a series of controlled lab experiments, it was found that the Netatmo temperature sensor was accurate to 0.3°C. The response to fluctuations in temperature is lagged, with τ (the time taken for 63% of the change to be measured) calculated as 12.7 min for a near‐instantaneous decrease in temperature. Netatmo temperature observations were compared with Met Office MIDAS hourly weather observations. A warm bias in excess of 1°C was present in the Netatmo temperature observations, which was lessened by the three quality control schemes tested, but still in excess of 0.5°C. Hence, Netatmo temperature measurements have potential to be assimilated in NWP in the United Kingdom, but work is required to find a suitable agreed quality control scheme to filter out anomalous observations in the United Kingdom.
Effects of the HEARTY exercise randomized controlled trial on eating behaviors in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Alberga Angela S. , Edache Iyoma Y. , Sigal Ronald J. , von Ranson Kristin M. , Russell‐Mayhew Shelly , Kenny Glen P. , Doucette Steve , Prud'homme Denis , Hadjiyannakis Stasia , Cameron Jameason D. , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are well‐recognized benefits of behavioral interventions that include exercise for children and adolescents with obesity. However, such behavioral weight management programs may precipitate unintended consequences. It is unclear if different exercise modalities impact eating behaviors differently in youth with obesity.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on eating attitudes and behaviors (uncontrolled eating, restrained eating, emotional eating, external eating and food craving) among adolescents with overweight and obesity.MethodsN = 304 (70% female) adolescents with overweight and obesity participated in the 6‐month Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) randomized controlled trial. All participants were inactive post‐pubertal adolescents (15.6 ± 1.4 years) with a mean BMI = 34.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2. The Food Craving Inventory (food cravings), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (restrained eating, emotional eating, external eating), and the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (uncontrolled eating) were used to assess eating attitudes and behaviors.ResultsAll exercise groups showed within‐group decreases in external eating and food cravings. Participants randomized to the Combined training group and were more adherent showed the greatest improvements in eating behaviors and cravings.ConclusionsA 6‐month exercise intervention produced improvements in disordered eating behaviors and food cravings, but effects may be gender and modality‐specific. Findings highlight the need to tailor exercise intervention to participant characteristics for the promotion of healthier eating and weight management outcomes in youth with obesity.Clinical Trial Registration # and Date: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT00195858, September 12, 2005
Utilising the ‘COM‐B’ bio‐psychosocial approach to aid diabetes management
Authors: McCrossan Tracy , Lannon Rosa , Tarling Rachel , Dooher Mary , Forshaw Mark , Poole Helen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith many individuals living with diabetes failing to make the necessary behaviour change to optimise glycaemic control1 it is imperative that staff involved in their care have the skills required to guide them in this respect. The COM‐B assists in this regard as it provides a behaviour‐change model based on scientific evidence and theory in a practical and accessible format, which enables non‐specialists to design and implement behaviour‐change interventions. This paper reports a case of psychological assessment, formulation and intervention in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus associated anxiety and sub‐optimal diabetes management. It highlights: (1) the importance of a bio‐psychological approach to assessment and formulation; (2) the value of involving the patient in their care from the outset; and (3) the ease at which the COM‐B can be routinely applied in clinical settings. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Challenges and opportunities to diabetes and endocrinology training during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vathenen Ramu , Khan Jansher , Edwards Amy , Gelding Susan V , Khanji Mohammed Y , Gunganah Kirun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic posed unprecedented new challenges to diabetes and endocrinology (D&E) training. We reflect from our local experience on its impact and lessons we can learn.Necessary restructuring of clinical services resulted in more general medicine and less inpatient specialty exposure. Outpatient clinic opportunities were reduced as clinics were postponed and virtual consultations became more frequent. Training opportunities such as local teaching and conferences were cancelled, and academic training often put on hold. Together these had a significant impact on training in D&E.However, the necessary restructuring can also be used to change D&E training for the better. Virtual consultations could improve opportunities for clinic attendance as physical space is a lesser issue. Remote access to clinical systems should be more widely available, thus promoting flexible working for trainees. The necessity for virtual teaching has seen the emergence of on‐demand services and the option of online attendance. Barriers to attending teaching, such as travel time and leave, are a lesser issue than ever before, particularly for conferences. The wellbeing of doctors is also being supported increasingly after the pandemic.The lessons we learn from this pandemic should be used to transform the face of D&E training and improve flexibility and job satisfaction. Such solutions can be applied to other current and future demands on specialty training. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Highly branched polyethylene used as sorbents for oil‐spill cleanup and separation
Authors: Song Shao‐Fei , Wang Cheng , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHighly branched polyethylene (HBPE) was developed into practical application as highly efficient sorbent material for oil‐spill cleanup and oil/water separation. To obtain large‐scale production of HBPE, a thermal stable Ni(II)‐α‐diimine catalyst for ethylene polymerization in our previous work has been employed to prepare the polyolefin material in a 10‐liter polymerization reactor with a high activity (>106 gPE/mol[Ni] h). The structure, molecular weight and distribution, thermal and mechanical properties were systematically characterized by NMR, ATR‐FTIR, GPC, DSC, DMA, and TGA, respectively. Through simple but feasible cross‐linking process, the HBPE‐based oil‐absorption materials with contact angles up to 111.5° were directly applied into absorption test using various oil and pure hydrocarbons. Reusability and recovery of the absorption materials and oil or solvents were probed by drying or using the distillation method. Oil/water separation was made to determine the hydrophobic and oleophilic nature of this material. Flory‐Rehner polymer swelling theory is employed to study the structure–property relationship via determining the network structure including cross‐linking densityρcand average molecular weightMcbetween two cross‐links. The mixture of sorbent material after absorbing oil was regarded as crude oil component to simulate oil refinery process by thermogravimetric analysis, providing an alternative approach for oil‐collection.
Polysaccharide extract from Isatidis Radix inhibits multiple inflammasomes activation and alleviate gouty arthritis
Authors: Ren Lutong , Li Qiang , Li Hui , Zhan Xiaoyan , Yang Ruichuang , Li Zhiyong , Fang Zhie , Liu Tingting , Wei Ziying , Zhao Jia , Lin Li , Mou Wenqing , Dai Wenzhang , Bai Zhaofang , Xu Guang , Cao Junling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe polysaccharide extract from Isatidis Radix exhibits potent antiinflammatory and antiviral activities, but the mechanism of Isatidis Radix polysaccharide (IRP) remains obscure. Herein, we reported that IRP blocked the activation of nod‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to the inhibiting of caspase‐1 cleavage and IL‐1β secretion. Mechanistically, IRP did not inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome through suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production. However, IRP can significantly suppress the oligomerization of apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC) and subsequently block the formation of inflammasome. Next, we evaluate the role of IRP in monosodium urate (MSU)‐induced gout in vivo which is a NLRP3‐associated disease. We also observed that oral administration of IRP can reduce the increased ankle thickness and the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐18, IL‐6, TNF‐α and MPO of the mouse ankle joints caused by MSU crystals. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis highlighted a significant modulation of T helper 17 cells (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) following IRP treatment in MSU induced gout. Overall, our findings suggest that IRP has comprehensive and potent antiinflammatory effects and provide a reasonable therapeutic strategy in preventing inflammasome‐associated diseases, such as inflammatory gouty arthritis.
Robotic colorectal surgery in elderly patients: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Hannan Enda , Feeney Gerard , Fahad Ullah Mohammad , Condon Eoghan , Coffey John Calvin , Peirce Colin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) undergoing robotic colorectal surgery (RCRS) in comparison with non‐elderly patients.Materials and MethodsData was collected on elderly and non‐elderly patients who underwent RCRS from a prospectively maintained database.ResultsA total of 89 elderly and 73 non‐elderly patients were identified. No statistically significant differences in postoperative complication, reoperation, wound infection, anastomotic leak or mortality were observed. The median length of stay was 1 day longer in elderly patients (p = 0.007). Subgroup analysis of octogenarians demonstrated outcomes that compared favourably with younger patients.ConclusionRCRS in elderly patients is safe and effective, with outcomes that do not differ significantly with younger patients. Older age should not be considered to be a specific exclusion criteria for RCRS. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest in the literature to examine outcomes specifically in elderly patients undergoing RCRS.
Atomically Dispersed CoN3C1‐TeN1C3 Diatomic Sites Anchored in N‐Doped Carbon as Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Synergistic Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Minmin , Zheng Xiuhui , Qin Donglin , Li Min , Sun Kaian , Liu Chuhao , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Liu Zhi , Chen Yanju , Liu Shoujie , Wang Bin , Li Yanpeng , Liu Yunqi , Liu Chenguang , Yang Xuan , Feng Xiang , Yang Chaohe , Chen Chen , Pan Yuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA encapsulation–adsorption–pyrolysis strategy for the construction of atomically dispersed Co‐Te diatomic sites (DASs) that are anchored in N‐doped carbon is reported as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The as‐constructed catalyst shows the stable CoN3C1‐TeN1C3 coordination structure before and after HER and ORR. The *OOH/*H intermediate species are captured by in situ Raman and in situ attenuated total reflectance‐surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, indicating that the reactant O2/H2O molecule has a strong interaction with the Co site, revealing that Coδ+ is an effective active site. Theoretical calculations show that the Coδ+ has adsorption‐activation function and the neighboring Teδ+ acts as an electron donor adjusting the electronic structure of Coδ+, promoting the dissociation of H2O molecules and the adsorption of H and oxygen‐containing intermediates in HER and ORR. In the meanwhile, the nearest C atom around Co also profoundly affects the adsorption of H atoms. This results in the weakening of the OH adsorption and enhancement of H adsorption, as well as the more stable water molecule dissociation transition state, thus significantly boosting ORR and HER performance.
Achieving Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes via N, N‐Dimethylacetamide Enabled Zn‐Ion Solvation Regulation
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Chen Yuchao , Chen Yulong , Yin Ruilian , Feng Yancong , Zheng Dong , Xu Xilian , Shi Wenhui , Liu Wenxian , Cao Xiehong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough aqueous zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for scalable energy storage application, the actual performance of ZIBs is hampered by the irreversibility. Optimization of electrolyte composition is a relatively practical and facile way to improve coulombic efficiency (CE) and Zn plating/stripping reversibility of ZIBs. N,N‐Dimethylacetamide (DMA) has a higher Gutmann donor number (DN) than that of H2O, abundant polar groups, and economic price. Herein, a mixture electrolyte containing 10 vol% DMA and ZnSO4, which has an enhanced Zn reversibility almost fourfold higher than that of pure ZnSO4 electrolyte, is demonstrated. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation and spectroscopic analysis reveal DMA has the ability to reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn2+ and capture free water molecules via forming Hbonds. The inhibited dendrite growth on Zn anode is further clarified by an in situ characterization. This work provides a feasible way for the development of long‐lifespan ZIBs.
Aspects affecting the nonlinear behavior of precast prestressed hollow‐core units failing in shear
Authors: Sarkis Ana I. , Büker Frank , Sullivan Timothy J. , Elwood Kenneth J. , Brunesi Emanuele , Hogan Lucas S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the extrusion manufacturing process, hollow‐core units in New Zealand do not have transverse shear reinforcement. The prestressing strands will not be fully developed near the ends of the hollow‐core units, which significantly affects the shear capacity and makes them prone to transverse and web cracking under deformation demands. In addition, initial end slip of the strands caused during cutting of the units in the production process may exacerbate this effect. This vulnerability of hollow‐core slabs was remarked during the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, where an estimated 22% of the damaged buildings presented transverse cracking to hollow‐core units, sometimes accompanied by evident web cracking. The observed damaged, produced by earthquake‐imposed deformations, highlighted the urgency to advance the understanding of the behavior of hollow‐core floors. Subsequently, an experimental testing program was initiated to investigate the properties of extruded concrete and the shear strength of hollow‐core units under different shear span‐to‐depth or aspect ratios. The 200 mm deep specimens were loaded well beyond the peak shear force to study the postpeak behavior of the hollow‐core units. Additionally, the present study evaluates the effect of initial end slip of the prestressing strands on the pre and postpeak capacity of the units. The results obtained are compared against the formulations provided by commonly used design standards such as the New Zealand concrete standard NZS3101:2006, the ACI 318‐19, as well as the fib Model Code 2010 and the BS EN 1168:2005.