bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of capmatinib degradation in stress conditions including degradation product characterization using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry and stability‐indicating analytical method development
Authors: Bhangare Dhiraj , Rajput Niraj , Jadav Tarang , Sahu Amit Kumar , Sengupta Pinaki 
Published: October 2022

RationaleCapmatinib (CMT) has been recently approved for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Till date, the degradation mechanism of CMT in different stress conditions is not known. Moreover, degradation products (DPs) of the drug are yet to be identified. Characterization study on degradation products of CMT has not been reported before. Furthermore, no previously reported literature is available on the stability‐indicating method of CMT.MethodsOwing to the lack of such scientific reports, we developed a sensitive, stability‐indicating method for CMT which can resolve it from all its degradation products. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH Q2 [R1]) guideline. We studied and established the degradation mechanism of CMT in different stress conditions. One degradation product (DP2) was isolated and characterized using 1H NMR.ResultsThe degradation products (DP1, DP2 and DP3) of the drug have been identified and characterized for the first time by using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. CMT was found to become degraded under acidic, basic and photolytic stress conditions in the solution phase to yield three major DPs. The drug was found to be stable in neutral hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal stress conditions.ConclusionsDP1 was formed under acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions, whereas DP2 and DP3 were formed under photolytic conditions. Characterization of all the DPs has been carried out to establish their structures and understand the molecular mechanism behind the degradation of the drug. Few studies reported quantitative analysis of CMT and its metabolites in biological fluids. However, this is the first study to identify the unknown DPs of CMT and the mechanism of its degradation. Moreover, this article reports a stability‐indicating analytical method for CMT which has not yet been reported in any literature.
Stealthy switching attacks on sensors against state estimation in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Huo Jian‐Ru , Li Xiao‐Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on designing sensor attacks to deteriorate the state estimation in cyber‐physical systems. The scenario that the malicious attack signals can be injected into different but limited number of sensor communication channels is considered. The state estimation error variations and innovation variations are adopted to measure attack performance and attack stealthiness, respectively. A switching attack strategy is proposed, under which the estimation error variations are driven to the predesigned target value and the norm of innovation variations remains at a small level. The switching attack design problem is formulated as a discrete switched optimal control problem which can be solved by dynamic programming, while the computational burden is heavy. To overcome this difficulty, by using pruning technique to remove the redundant matrices generated in dynamic programming, the quadratic optimization problem becomes numerically tractable. In this way, the suboptimal attack signal sequence and switching sequence can be acquired. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed attack strategy.
The role of affluence, urbanization, and human capital for sustainable forest management in China: Robust findings from a new method of Fourier cointegration
Authors: Yilanci Veli , Ulucak Recep , Zhang Yaoqi , Andreoni Valeria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAffluence and planned urbanization may have a crucial role in conserving forests and decreasing forest footprint with rising awareness and human development. Productivity rise from technological progress is key to facilitating the underlying mechanisms of theoretically expected changes in all those processes. They are seen as an alternative way to transform the current habits into one that is conservative and respectful to the environment while keeping the economic welfare at the same time. By following the theoretical underpinnings of such expectations, this article investigates how the development changes of China have impacted on the forest footprint. In this frame, the study is an attempt to empirically inquire underlying mechanisms of the forest transition hypothesis, which supports the idea that affluence, urbanization, human capital, and productivity can help to save forests. The transition process is depicted by a hump‐shaped curve mostly attributed to the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the literature. The period 1961–2017 is particularly relevant as it precedes and follows the Chinese open‐door policy of the 1980s. This study reaches robust findings and new insights for sustainable forest management. Results show that income growth did not contribute to reducing the forest footprint, as the forest footprint has increased with income rises. On the contrary, urbanization, human capital, and total factor productivity have reduced the forest footprint. Based on the evidence provided, policymakers should devote increasing attention to education that serves human capital formation, and efficiency gains for sustainable forestry simultaneously.
Design Aspects of a Continuous Flow Photocatalytic Reactor and its Application to Degrade Methylene Blue and Textile Wastewater
Authors: Sahoo Chittaranjan , Panda Binod Bihari , Gupta Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA continuous flow photocatalytic reactor was developed by combining the reaction kinetics and mass balance concept. The concept of cascade aerator was also considered in designing it as a stepped reactor. The reactor was used to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by Ag+ doped TiO2 (2 g/L) under UV irradiation by 15 W UV lamps (254 nm). Methylene blue solution (20 ppm) was found to be decolorized by >99, 97, 85 and 57 % under flow rates of 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively after 120 minutes. The corresponding mineralization was >80, 78, 75 and 54 %, respectively. At higher flow rates (Re number 208.2 and 415.5) >99 % decolourization was achieved by recycling the solution 5 and 7 times with fresh doses of photocatalyst. At steady state, maintained by repeating the addition of photocatalyst at fixed time intervals, the dye solution could be decolourized continuously by >99, 97 and 76 % at flow rates of 1, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively while the mineralization was >82, 79 and 62 %, respectively. The reactor was also effectively used to mineralize textile wastewater collected from a textile mill in Kolkata. The mineralization was greater than 75, 73 and 64 % at flow rates of 1, 2 and 3 L/h, respectively after 120 minutes. The efficiency of the reactor depended upon the residence time of the contaminant in the reactor. At steady state, the design data simulated well with the corresponding experimental data.
Biomimetic Mineralization of Metal Ion‐Doped Lipase into ZIF‐8 Framework for Enhanced Hydrolytic Activity in Biphasic System
Authors: Lin Jiale , Cheng Yongfa , La,i Oi‐Ming , Tan Chin‐Ping , Panpipat Worawan , Shen Cai , Cheong Ling‐Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPresent work encapsulated metal ion dopped‐Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) into ZIF structure through biomimetic mineralization and evaluated hydrolytic activity of the immobilized lipase using a biphasic system. Magnesium ion (Mg2+) doped‐CRL with high hydrolytic activity (237 % of free CRL) was successfully synthesized. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed Mg2+ doping has changed the conformation of CRL resulted in enhanced structural stability of CRL. The synthesized CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 had a mesoporous (3.88 nm) structure with good crystallinity. Mg2+ doping increased the catalytic activity, substrates affinity (lower Km of 0.4102 mM) and catalytic stability of immobilized CRL. Catalytic activity of CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 (0.25±0.012 U) was two‐fold higher than that of CRL@ZIF‐8 (0.10±0.008 U). The synthesized CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 was used in biosensing of a protox‐inhibiting herbicides (nitrofen) in fruit samples. CRL/Mg2+@ZIF‐8 can be used for biosensing of nitrofen with wide detection range (0‐50 μM), low detection limit (0.47 μM) and good recovery rate.
Surface Characterization of the Solution‐Processed Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Zhao Han , Ma Kang , Li Jianmin , Fu Yikai , Qin Ying , Zhao Dongbing , Dai Haitao , Hu Zhixin , Sun Zhixiang , Gao Hong‐Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe surface properties of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites can strongly affect the efficiency and stability of corresponding devices. Even though different surface passivation methods are developed, the microscopic structures of solution‐processed perovskite film surfaces are not systematically studied. This study uses low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to study the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films, MA0.4FA0.6PbI3 and MAPbI3, synthesized by the spin‐coating method. Flat surface structures, atomic steps, and crystal grain boundaries are resolved at an atomic resolution. The surface imperfections are also characterized, as well as the dominant defects. Simulations on different types of iodine vacancy configurations are performed by density functional theory calculations. In addition, it is observed that the surface iodine lattice structure is unstable during scanning. Tip scanning can also cause the vertical migration of surface iodine ions. The measurements provide the direct visualizations of the surface imperfections of the solution‐processed perovskite films. They are essential for understanding the surface‐related optoelectronic effects and rationally designing more efficient surface passivation methods.
Multifunctional Epoxy‐Based Electronic Packaging Material MDCF@LDH/EP for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, Thermal Management, and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Qian Yongxin , Luo Yubo , Haruna Abubakar Yakubu , Xiao Bo , Li Wang , Li You , Xiong Tianshun , Jiang Qinghui , Yang Junyou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sharp reduction in size and increase in power density of next‐generation integrated circuits lead to electromagnetic interference and heat failure being a key roadblock for their widespread applications in polymer‐based electronic packaging materials. This work demonstrates a multifunctional epoxy‐based composite (MDCF@LDH/EP) with high electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy performance. In which, the synergistic effect of porous structure and heterointerface promotes the multiple reflection and absorption, and dielectric loss of EMW. A low reflection loss of −57.77 dB, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.20 GHz are achieved under the fillings of only 10 wt%. Meanwhile, a 241.4% enhanced thermal conductivity of EP is due to the high continuous 3D melamine‐derived carbon foams (MDCF), which provides a broad path for the transport of phonons. In addition, MDCF@LDH/EP composite exhibits high thermal stability and flame retardancy, thanks to the physical barrier effect of MDCF@LDH combined with the high temperature cooling properties of NiAl‐LDH‐CO32−. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release rate are reduced by 19.4% and 30.7%, respectively. Such an excellent comprehensive performance enables MDCF@LDH/EP to a promising electronic packaging material.
A transformer‐based approach for improving app review response generation
Authors: Zhang Weizhe , Gu Wenchao , Gao Cuiyun , Lyu Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMobile apps are becoming an integral part of people's daily life by providing various functionalities, such as messaging and gaming. App developers try their best to ensure user experience during app development and maintenance to improve the rating of their apps on app platforms and attract more user downloads. Previous studies indicated that responding to users' reviews tends to change their attitude towards the apps positively. Users who have been replied are more likely to update the given ratings. However, reading and responding to every user review is not an easy task for developers since it is common for popular apps to receive tons of reviews every day. Thus, automation tools for review replying are needed. To address the need above, the paper introduces a Transformer‐based approach, named TRRGen, to automatically generate responses to given user reviews. TRRGen extracts apps' categories, rating, and review text as the input features. By adapting a Transformer‐based model, TRRGen can generate appropriate replies for new reviews. Comprehensive experiments and analysis on the real‐world datasets indicate that the proposed approach can generate high‐quality replies for users' reviews and significantly outperform current state‐of‐art approaches on the task. The manual validation results on the generated replies further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Phylogenetic analyses of Phaseolinae (Leguminosae) reveal a new genus endemic to limestone outcrops in Seasonally Dry Forests of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Santos Felipe , Snak Cristiane , Ribeiro Carolina Lima , Silva Christian , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhaseolinae is one of the most diverse groups within the family Leguminosae, characterized by a style bearing a pollen brush and seeds with an epihilum. This subtribe has a complex taxonomic history and has undergone several changes over time. In the early 2000s, our research team found a phaseoloid liana growing in a limestone outcrop in western Bahia, Brazil. Its identity remained a mystery until recently, when we revisited the locality to study it in more detail and gathered material to generate nuclear ITS and plastid trnK/matK sequences. These sequences were included in a broadly sampled Phaseolinae matrix used to perform phylogenetic analyses and an ancestral character states reconstruction. Our results demonstrate that the enigmatic taxon represents a new lineage within subtribe Phaseolinae, sister to the genus Sigmoidotropis. This new lineage, along with Sigmoidotropis and Ancistrotropis, forms a clade here called the Sigmoid‐keel clade, since all representatives present flowers with sigmoid keel petals. The new taxon is here described as Delgadoa bambuicola gen. & sp. nov., a new genus and a new species of woody lianas known from only two localities in the state of Bahia. We also present an identification key to the genera of the Sigmoid‐keel clade, descriptions, illustrations, a distribution map, taxonomic comments, and a conservation status assessment of the new genus.
A proposed association between subjective nonpulsatile tinnitus and migraine
Authors: Lee Ariel , Abouzari Mehdi , Akbarpour Meleeka , Risbud Adwight , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTinnitus is defined as the perception of sound in the absence of an external source. We propose the hypothesis that migraine can cause exacerbation of tinnitus in some patients.MethodsEnglish literature from PubMed has been reviewed.ResultsStudies have reported a high prevalence of cochlear symptoms in patients with migraine headaches and up to 45% of tinnitus patients have been shown to concomitantly suffer from migraine. Both conditions are thought to stem from central nervous system disturbances, involving disruption of the auditory and trigeminal nerve pathways. One proposed mechanism of this association is the modulation of sound sensitivity by trigeminal nerve activation of the auditory cortex during migraine attacks, resulting in tinnitus fluctuation in some patients. Increased brain and inner ear vascular permeability resulting from trigeminal nerve inflammation, can also cause observed headache and auditory symptoms. Tinnitus and migraine also share a number of symptom triggers including stress, sleep disturbances, and dietary factors. These shared features may help explain promising results of migraine therapies for the treatment of tinnitus.ConclusionGiven the complex association between tinnitus and migraine, further investigation is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms and determine the optimal treatment strategies for managing migraine‐related tinnitus patients.
Thermo‐mechanical nonlinear stability analysis of geometrically imperfect functionally graded plates with microstructural defects using logarithmic structure kinematics: An unified expression
Authors: Rajput Mohit , Gupta Ankit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, thermo‐mechanical stability analysis of geometrically imperfect porous functionally graded plates (FGP) with geometric nonlinearity is presented. The equilibrium, stability, and compatibility equations are derived using Logarithmic structural kinematics in conjunction with the von‐Karman type of geometric nonlinearity. A logarithmic‐based shear‐strain function has been used for the first time for the buckling response of functionally graded material (FGM) plates. Generic imperfection function has been implemented to incorporate the various imperfection modes like sin‐type or global type in the formulation. The effective materials properties of the plates with porosity inclusion have been computed using modified power law. The plate is subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compression as well as combined compression and tension along with thermal loading. An exact expression for the critical buckling load and critical buckling thermal load of geometrically imperfect porous FGM plate for each loading case has been developed. After confirming the excellent accuracy of the current exact solutions, the effect of geometric imperfection, porosity inclusion, and geometric configurations on the nonlinear stability of the FGM plate have been discussed extensively. The results presented in this paper will be used as a benchmark for future research.
Spatial Design Considerations for Interactive Audio in Virtual Reality
Authors: Deacon Thomas , Barthet Mathieu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpace is a fundamental feature of virtual reality (VR) systems, and more generally, human experience. Space is a place where we can produce and transform ideas and act to create meaning. It is also an information container. When working with sound and space interactions, making VR systems becomes a fundamentally interdisciplinary endeavour. To support the design of future systems, designers need an understanding of spatial design decisions that impact audio practitioners’ processes and communication. This chapter proposes a typology of VR interactive audio systems, focusing on their function and the role of space in their design. Spatial categories are proposed to be able to analyse the role of space within existing interactive audio VR products. Based on the spatial design considerations explored in this chapter, a series of implications for design are offered that future research can exploit.
Comments on QCD3 and anomalies with fundamental and adjoint matter
Authors: Lohitsiri Nakarin , Sulejmanpasic Tin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
’t Hooft anomaly matching is powerful for constraining the low energy phases of gauge theories. In 3d one common anomaly is the parity anomaly in a T-symmetric theory where one cannot gauge the global symmetry group without breaking the time-reversal symmetry. We find that a T-symmetric SU(N) gauge theory with either fermionic or bosonic matter in the fundamental representation of the gauge group has a parity anomaly between the flavor group and T-symmetry provided that there is also a massless Majorana fermion in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. In particular, there is always a mixed anomaly between T and U(1) baryon symmetry. We then analyze the parity anomaly in this theory, together with the more recent mod 16 time-reversal anomaly, and give some free fermion proposals as candidates for the low energy phases consistent with the anomalies. We make brief comments about the large N limit and the T-broken regimes in the conclusion as well as related anomalies in 4d.
Optimisation of Thimble simulations and quantum dynamics of multiple fields in real time
Authors: Woodward Simon , Saffin Paul M. , Mou Zong-Gang , Tranberg Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We apply the Generalised Thimble approach to the computation of exact path integrals and correlators in real-time quantum field theory. We first investigate the details of the numerical implementation and ways of optimizing the algorithm. We subsequently apply the method to an interacting two-field system in 0+1 dimensions, illustrating the scope for addressing realistic physical processes using real-time Generalised Thimble computations.
Individual dental and skeletal age assessment according to Demirjian and Baccetti: Updated norm values for Central-European patients
Authors: Paddenberg Eva , Dees Adrian , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronological age often differs from dental and skeletal age. With orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms, dental and skeletal development can be determined according to the methods published by Demirjian et al. and Baccetti et al. However, gender and skeletal class as possible confounders were frequently not considered and available norm values are not up-to-date. This retrospective cross-sectional study thus aimed to evaluate effects of skeletal class and gender on dental and skeletal age of growing patients and to generate updated norm values for contemporary Central-European patients.

Methods
A total of 551 patients were included in the dental and 733 in the skeletal age assessment, respectively. Dental analysis was based on tooth mineralisation stages in orthopantomograms (Demirjian) and skeletal age was defined by cervical vertebrae maturation stages (CVMS) in lateral cephalograms (Baccetti). Skeletal class was determined by the individualised ANB angle of Panagiotidis/Witt. With nonlinear regression analysis a formula for determining dental age was established. Effects of gender and skeletal class were evaluated and updated norm values generated.

Results
Inter- and intrarater reliability tests revealed at least substantial measurement concordance for tooth mineralisation and CVMS. Demirjian stages and CVMS significantly depended on gender with girls developing earlier. Skeletal class significantly affected skeletal age only, but without clinical relevance. Updated norm values for dental age differed significantly from the original values of Demirjian and the values for skeletal age differed from those published by Baccetti.

Conclusion
Optimised norms, separated by gender, increase precision in determining individual dental and skeletal age during orthodontic treatment planning. Further studies analysing the effect of skeletal class on dental and skeletal development are needed.