bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen vacancy dynamics in Pt/TiOx/TaOy/Pt memristors: exchange with the environment and internal electromigration
Authors: Leal Martir Rodrigo , José Sánchez María , Aguirre Myriam , Quiñonez Walter , Ferreyra Cristian , Acha Carlos , Lecourt Jerome , Lüders Ulrike , Rubi Diego 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Memristors are expected to be one of the key building blocks for the development of new bio-inspired nanoelectronics. Memristive effects in transition metal oxides are usually linked to the electromigration at the nanoscale of charged oxygen vacancies (OV). In this paper we address, for Pt/TiO
x
/TaO
y
/Pt devices, the exchange of OV between the device and the environment upon the application of electrical stress. From a combination of experiments and theoretical simulations we determine that both TiO
x
and TaO
y
layers oxidize, via environmental oxygen uptake, during the electroforming process. Once the memristive effect is stabilized (post-forming behavior) our results suggest that oxygen exchange with the environment is suppressed and the OV dynamics that drives the memristive behavior is restricted to an internal electromigration between TiO
x
and TaO
y
layers. Our work provides relevant information for the design of reliable binary oxide memristive devices.
Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with 10C, 11C, and 12C beams
Authors: Kostyleva D , Purushothaman S , Dendooven P , Haettner E , Geissel H , Ozoemelam I , Schuy C , Weber U , Boscolo D , Dickel T , Drozd V , Graeff C , Franczak B , Hornung C , Horst F , Kazantseva E , Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein N , Mukha I , Nociforo C , Pietri S , Reidel C A , Roesch H , Tanaka Y K , Weick H , Zhao J , Durante M , Parodi K , Scheidenberger C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Beams of stable ions have been a well-established tool for radiotherapy for many decades. In the case of ion beam therapy with stable 12C ions, the positron emitters 10,11C are produced via projectile and target fragmentation, and their decays enable visualization of the beam via positron emission tomography (PET). However, the PET activity peak matches the Bragg peak only roughly and PET counting statistics is low. These issues can be mitigated by using a short-lived positron emitter as a therapeutic beam. Approach. An experiment studying the precision of the measurement of ranges of positron-emitting carbon isotopes by means of PET has been performed at the FRS fragment-separator facility of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany. The PET scanner used in the experiment is a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Main results. High-quality in-beam PET images and activity distributions have been measured from the in-flight produced positron emitting isotopes 11C and 10C implanted into homogeneous PMMA phantoms. Taking advantage of the high statistics obtained in this experiment, we investigated the time evolution of the uncertainty of the range determined by means of PET during the course of irradiation, and show that the uncertainty improves with the inverse square root of the number of PET counts. The uncertainty is thus fully determined by the PET counting statistics. During the delivery of 1.6 × 107 ions in 4 spills for a total duration of 19.2 s, the PET activity range uncertainty for 10C, 11C and 12C is 0.04 mm, 0.7 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The gain in precision related to the PET counting statistics is thus much larger when going from 11C to 10C than when going from 12C to 11C. The much better precision for 10C is due to its much shorter half-life, which, contrary to the case of 11C, also enables to include the in-spill data in the image formation. Significance. Our results can be used to estimate the contribution from PET counting statistics to the precision of range determination in a particular carbon therapy situation, taking into account the irradiation scenario, the required dose and the PET scanner characteristics.
Development and implementation of a metaphase DNA model for ionizing radiation induced DNA damage calculation
Authors: Sitmukhambetov Satzhan , Dinh Bryan , Lai Youfang , Banigan Edward J , Pan Zui , Jia Xun , Chi Yujie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. To develop a metaphase chromosome model representing the complete genome of a human lymphocyte cell to support microscopic Monte Carlo (MMC) simulation-based radiation-induced DNA damage studies. Approach. We first employed coarse-grained polymer physics simulation to obtain a rod-shaped chromatid segment of 730 nm in diameter and 460 nm in height to match Hi–C data. We then voxelized the segment with a voxel size of 11 nm per side and connected the chromatid with 30 types of pre-constructed nucleosomes and 6 types of linker DNAs in base pair (bp) resolutions. Afterward, we piled different numbers of voxelized chromatid segments to create 23 pairs of chromosomes of 1–5 μm long. Finally, we arranged the chromosomes at the cell metaphase plate of 5.5 μm in radius to create the complete set of metaphase chromosomes. We implemented the model in gMicroMC simulation by denoting the DNA structure in a four-level hierarchical tree: nucleotide pairs, nucleosomes and linker DNAs, chromatid segments, and chromosomes. We applied the model to compute DNA damage under different radiation conditions and compared the results to those obtained with G0/G1 model and experimental measurements. We also performed uncertainty analysis for relevant simulation parameters. Main results. The chromatid segment was successfully voxelized and connected in bps resolution, containing 26.8 mega bps (Mbps) of DNA. With 466 segments, we obtained the metaphase chromosome containing 12.5 Gbps of DNA. Applying it to compute the radiation-induced DNA damage, the obtained results were self-consistent and agreed with experimental measurements. Through the parameter uncertainty study, we found that the DNA damage ratio between metaphase and G0/G1 phase models was not sensitive to the chemical simulation time. The damage was also not sensitive to the specific parameter settings in the polymer physics simulation, as long as the produced metaphase model followed a similar contact map distribution. Significance. Experimental data reveal that ionizing radiation induced DNA damage is cell cycle dependent. Yet, DNA chromosome models, except for the G0/G1 phase, are not available in the state-of-the-art MMC simulation. For the first time, we successfully built a metaphase chromosome model and implemented it into MMC simulation for radiation-induced DNA damage computation.
Foundations of plasmas as ion sources
Authors: Jorns Benjamin , Lafleur Trevor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An overview of low temperature, partially magnetized ion sources is presented. This class of devices is broadly characterized by plasma densities below 1019 m−3, electron temperatures below 100 eV, and magnetic field strength tailored such that electrons are magnetized whereas ions are not. The overarching approach is pedagogical, targeting an audience that does not necessarily have an expertise in low temperature devices. A tutorial is presented on the basic physics of operation of common ion sources including an overview of standard methods for plasma generation and acceleration. Typical diagnostics and common uses of these plasma sources are also reviewed. Special attention is given to applications in plasma propulsion and materials processing. This class of ion sources is then discussed in the context of the current state of the field, key technical and scientific challenges, and future prospects.
Smart material and design solutions for protective headgears in linear and oblique impacts: column/matrix composite liner to mitigate rotational accelerations
Authors: Mosleh Yasmine , Cajka Martin , Depreitere Bart , Ivens Jan , Sloten Jos Vander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Oblique impact is the most common situation that cyclists experience during traffic accidents during which the human head undergoes both linear and rotational (angular) accelerations. Angular acceleration of the head is known to be linked to the majority of traumatic brain injuries. This paper proposes various solutions to mitigate angular accelerations of which an anisotropic column/matrix composite foam design is the most effective. This smart design allows tailor-made adjustment of shear and compressive resistance of the foam liner. Regarding helmet shells, tough fiber-reinforced composite materials such as self-reinforced polypropylene (PP) (Curv®) and silk/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were benchmarked against conventional brittle polycarbonate (PC). Results demonstrate the superior performance of silk/HDPE composite compared to PC in resisting perforation in localized impact involving sharp objects. Regarding the helmet liner, two configurations were studied particularly, a multi-layered and column/matrix design. Their efficacy was benchmarked against single-layer homogenous expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam of equivalent weight and thickness in linear and oblique impact using experimental and finite element methods. The results showed the superior behavior of the column/matrix configuration. Such smart design could be combined with other smart systems such as multi-directional impact protection system (MIPS) technology for possible synergy and enhanced performance in head protection.
Computational design and fabrication of active 3D-printed multi-state structures for shape morphing
Authors: Lumpe Thomas S , Tao Michael , Shea Kristina , Levin David I W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Active structures can change their shape, properties, and functionality as a response to changing operational conditions, which makes them more versatile than their static counterparts. However, most active structures currently lack the capability to achieve multiple, different target states with a single input actuation or require a tedious material programming step. In this work, a computational design and fabrication framework is proposed to generate structures with multiple target states for one input actuation that do not require a separate training step. A material dithering scheme based on multi-material 3D printing is combined with locally applied copper coil heating elements and sequential heating patterns to control the thermo-mechanical properties of the structures and switch between the different deformation modes. A novel topology optimization approach based on power diagrams is used to encode different target states in the structure while ensuring the fabricability of the structures. The numerical and experimental results show that the optimization framework can produce structures that show the desired motion, but experimental accuracy is limited by current fabrication methods. The generality of the proposed method makes it suitable for the development of structures for applications in many different fields from aerospace to robotics to animated fabrication in computer graphics.
Investigation into accuracy of turn-to-turn contact resistance measurement in low-frequency AC method by 3D numerical simulation
Authors: Mato Takanobu , Inoue Ryota , Ueda Hiroshi , Kim SeokBeom , Noguchi So 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss two points: (a) the accuracy of contact resistance measurement using the low-frequency AC (LFAC) method and (b) the relation between the contact resistance and the contact resistivity. The LFAC method is used to measure the turn-to-turn contact resistance of a no-insulation (NI) rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) pancake coil. We have previously shown the validity of the LFAC method by experiment. In this paper, the current distribution of aNI REBCO pancake coil on the applyication of the LFAC method is investigated using numerical simulation. The simulation results show the possibility of improving the measurement accuracy. Hence, a correction method is also proposed using the phase difference of the coil voltage and current. The LFAC simulation results also indicate the inconsistency of the well-known relation between contact resistance and contact resistivity. Therefore, we investigated the relation through the LFAC and sudden-discharging test simulations.
Quantum occupation time
Authors: Potoček Václav , Zatloukal Václav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a possible quantum analogue of occupation time, a random variable studied in random processes, using a quasi-probability distribution over the sample space of quantum particle paths defined by a generalized weak measurement scheme. Taking this approach, a broad range of statistical properties of quantum occupation time can be studied. We illustrate the theory on a discrete-time quantum walk on a line, where we derive two novel results. We introduce the notions of weak recurrence, weak Pólya number, and weak occupation time plateau.
Prolongation structure and integrability of the modified Sawada-Kotera equation
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The modified Sawada-Kotera equation is investigated by prolongation technique and Painlevé singularity analysis. As a result, the Lax pair and conservation laws of the modified Sawada-Kotera equation are formulated. It is proved that this equation pasts the Painlevé test in sense of having enough arbitrary functions at its resonant points. The auto-Bäcklund transformation and exact solutions of the modified Sawada-Kotera equation are obtained explicitly.
Strong nonlocality with genuine entanglement based on GHZ-like states in multipartite quantum systems
Authors: Yang Ying-Hui , Mi Guang-Wei , Geng Shi-Jiao , Liu Qian-Qian , Zuo Hui-Juan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Strong nonlocality with genuine entanglement was first shown by Wang et al using sets of GHZ-like states in tripartite quantum systems (2021 Phys. Rev. A
104, 012 424). However, it is an open problem whether there exists strong nonlocality with genuine entanglement in four or more partite systems. In this paper, we unify two different concepts of strong nonlocality introduced by Halder et al (2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122, 040 403) and by Zhang et al (2019 Phys. Rev. A
99, 062108). That is, we use a concept of k-strong nonlocality instead of these two different types of strong nonlocality. A set of orthogonal quantum states is k-strong nonlocal if it is locally irreducible in every k-partition. In fact, the strong nonlocality that is usually said is 2-strong nonlocality. The smaller the k is, the stronger the nonlocality will be. A set of states is k
+-strong nonlocal if the strong nonlocality of this set is stronger than k-strong nonlocality but weaker than (k − 1)-strong nonlocality. Based on these concepts, firstly, we show 2-strong nonlocality with genuine entanglement by some sets of GHZ-like states with weight d in tripartite systems. These sets are not necessarily complete bases. Secondly, we present 2-strong nonlocality with genuine entanglement for systems with four or more parties. These results solve the open problem raised by Wang et al Finally, we construct a set of GHZ-like states with n
+-strong nonlocality in n-partite quantum systems.
Time-resolved ion energy distribution functions during a HiPIMS discharge with cathode voltage reversal
Authors: Jeckell Zachary , Barlaz David E , Houlahan Thomas , Huber Wolfgang , Haehnlein Ian , Jurczyk Brian , Ruzic David N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The effect on the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) of plasma produced during a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge as the pulse conditions are varied is reported. Pressure was varied from 0.67–2.00 Pa (5–15 mTorr), positive kick pulses up to 200 V tested with a constant 4 μs delay between negative and positive cycles. The results demonstrate that the resulting plasma during the positive cathode voltage reversal is the result of expansion through the largely neutral gas species between the end of the magnetic trap of the target and the workpiece. The plasma potential rises on similar time scale with the evolution of a narrow peak in the IEDF close to the applied bias. The peak of the distribution function remains narrow close to the applied bias irrespective of pulse length, and with only slight pressure dependence. One exception discovered is that the IEDF contains a broad high energy tail early in the kick pulse due to acceleration of ions present beyond the trap from the main pulse separate from the ionization front that follows.
Impact of pressure on the resonant energy and resonant frequency for two barriers Ga1−xAlxAs/GaAs nanostructures
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany B. , Elabsy A M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the effect of hydrostatic pressure on resonant frequency (ν
1) and its associated lifetime (τ
1), and energy (E1) for electrons tunneling through GaAs-AlGaAs two-barrier nanostructure (TBNS). The effective mass mismatch for well and barrier materials is considered using the effective mass theory. Pressure and the Al content, which mainly affect the barrier height and consequently the TBNS’s, are found to have a significant impact on resonant lifetime, resonant frequency, and resonant energy. The current study shows that the resonance lifetime, resonant frequency, and energy are strongly influenced by the barrier thickness and well width. When comparing the results of this study to the data from the experiment, good agreements are found. The GaAs-AlGaAs TBNS’s electronic devices are controlled mainly by the hydrostatic pressure.
Determination of hot-electron drift velocity in (Be)ZnMgO/ZnO 2DEG channels
Authors: Ardaravičius Linas , Kiprijanovič Oleg , Šermukšnis Emilis , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent experimental study of electron transport in ZnO/ZnMgO and BeZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures containing two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channels of two polarities is reported where electrons are accelerated and become hot by a pulsed electric field. The measurements with electrical pulses ranging from 2 ns to 10 ns in duration ensure the control of self-heating effect. Electron transport in the ZnO 2DEG channels located in ZnO layers at the ZnMgO or BeZnMgO barrier or in ZnO 3DEG channels is treated mainly in terms of drift velocity. The highest values of 1.3 × 107 cm/s at 360 kV/cm, 2.0 × 107 cm/s at 270 kV/cm, and 2.5 × 107 cm/s and 320 kV/cm, respectively, are attained and explained by emphasizing the effect of hot phonons.
Effects of oxygen absorption on the electronic and optical properties of armchair and zigzag Silicon Carbide Nanotubes (SiCNTs)
Authors: Saadu Itas Yahaya , Suleiman Abdussalam Balarabe , Ndikilar Chifu E , Lawal Abdullahi , Razali Razif , Idowu Ismail Ibrahim , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Investigation of the effects of oxygen absorption on the two types of single walled silicon carbide nanotubes (SWSiCNTs) with different chiral angles were done. Our calculations were performed using density functional theory with quantum ESPRESSO and YAMBO codes. Changes in electrical and optical properties were analyzed after introducing two molecules of oxygen as absorbing gas to both armchair and zigzag nanotubes. Results demonstrated a new future by SWSiCNT in which oxygen absorption significantly closes the band gap which transformed the materials from semiconducting to metallic. This future revealed its potential for application as automobile gas switches for air conditioners. Results from optical calculations revealed that zigzag SiCNT is not optically potential above 20 eV, generally, the (6, 6) SWSiCNT demonstrate higher transmission with and without oxygen absorption in the ultraviolet region. The first absorption peaks appeared within the range of 1 eV to 3.4 eV for all systems, there is higher absorption by the oxygen absorbed (6, 6) SWSiCNT than the oxygen absorbed (6, 0) SWZSiCNT. This demonstrates that armchair form of SWSiCNT absorbs gases more than the zigzag form. The absorption peaks can be seen to fall above 3.5 eV and then rise again up to 10 eV, this behavior justifies the nanotubes potential in automobile day light sensors.
Prospects for constraining the Yukawa gravity with pulsars around Sagittarius A*
Authors: Dong Yiming , Shao Lijing , Hu Zexin , Miao Xueli , Wang Ziming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The discovery of radio pulsars (PSRs) around the supermassive black
hole (SMBH) in our Galactic Center (GC), Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), will have
significant implications for tests of gravity. In this paper, we predict
restrictions on the parameters of the Yukawa gravity by timing a pulsar around
Sgr A* with a variety of orbital parameters. Based on a realistic timing
accuracy of the times of arrival (TOAs), σ
TOA = 100 μs, and
using a number of 960 TOAs in a 20-yr observation, our numerical simulations
show that the PSR-SMBH system will improve current tests of the Yukawa gravity
when the range of the Yukawa interaction varies between 101–104
AU, and it can limit the graviton mass to be mg
≲ 10-24
eV/c
2.
14.77 MeV neutron-induced nuclear reaction cross sections for zinc, yttrium, and molybdenum targets*
Authors: Ganesapandy T.S. , Bholane G.T. , Patil S.H. , Dahiwale S.S. , Bhoraskar V.N. , Dhole S.D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The cross sections for neutron-induced nuclear reactions on natural zinc, yttrium, and molybdenum targets were measured at a neutron energy of 14.77 ± 0.17 MeV using the activation technique, offline gamma-ray spectrometry, and a detailed covariance analysis. The uncertainty in the statistical model calculations of cross sections for the (n, 2n), (n, p), (n, α), and (n, γ) reactions with natural zinc, yttrium, and molybdenum at neutron energies from 13 to 17 MeV was calculated using the TALYS-1.96 nuclear code. The measured cross sections of the present study were compared with the experimental cross sections reported in the EXFOR database, the cross sections were calculated with the TALYS-1.96 and EMPIRE-3.2.3 nuclear codes and the evaluated nuclear data from the TENDL-2019, JENDL-5, and ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries.
The effect of non-uniform urban illumination upon pedestrians’ alertness and sense of safety
Authors: Jedon R , Haans A , de Kort Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The influence of urban lighting on the visual tasks of pedestrians are well known and, likewise, studies have explored the relationship between urban lighting and pedestrians’ feelings of safety. But there are other, less investigated, possible effects of light in mesopic situations. Research on street lighting for pedestrians has traditionally focused on minimal required illuminance for various visual performance tasks (e.g., obstacle detection and face recognition). However, it is not only pedestrians’ visual performance that is important for safety, but also their general attentiveness to the environment. Despite this, the psychological concepts related to the individuals’ attention, such as alertness, arousal and anxiety, have not been considered in street lighting research to date even though they too can play an important role in pedestrian’s attention and safety. Since proper metrics for these concepts are needed, we conducted a pilot study to test their sensitivity. We decided for a conceptual replication of a field experiment from 1916 and managed to partly replicate the findings. More importantly, we learned meaningful lessons from this endeavour. Implications for future research are discussed.