bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic recovery of impulse propagation in myocardial infarction via silicon carbide semiconductive nanowires
Authors: Lagonegro Paola , Rossi Stefano , Salvarani Nicolò , Lo Muzio Francesco Paolo , Rozzi Giacomo , Modica Jessica , Bigi Franca , Quaretti Martina , Salviati Giancarlo , Pinelli Silvana , Alinovi Rossella , Catalucci Daniele , D’Autilia Francesca , Gazza Ferdinando , Condorelli Gianluigi , Rossi Francesca , Miragoli Michele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMyocardial infarction causes 7.3 million deaths worldwide, mostly for fibrillation that electrically originates from the damaged areas of the left ventricle. Conventional cardiac bypass graft and percutaneous coronary interventions allow reperfusion of the downstream tissue but do not counteract the bioelectrical alteration originated from the infarct area. Genetic, cellular, and tissue engineering therapies are promising avenues but require days/months for permitting proper functional tissue regeneration. Here we engineered biocompatible silicon carbide semiconductive nanowires that synthetically couple, via membrane nanobridge formations, isolated beating cardiomyocytes over distance, restoring physiological cell-cell conductance, thereby permitting the synchronization of bioelectrical activity in otherwise uncoupled cells. Local in-situ multiple injections of nanowires in the left ventricular infarcted regions allow rapid reinstatement of impulse propagation across damaged areas and recover electrogram parameters and conduction velocity. Here we propose this nanomedical intervention as a strategy for reducing ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction.
Hyphal compartmentalization and sporulation in Streptomyces require the conserved cell division protein SepX
Authors: Bush Matthew J. , Gallagher Kelley A. , Chandra Govind , Findlay Kim C. , Schlimpert Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFilamentous actinobacteria such as Streptomyces undergo two distinct modes of cell division, leading to partitioning of growing hyphae into multicellular compartments via cross-walls, and to septation and release of unicellular spores. Specific determinants for cross-wall formation and the importance of hyphal compartmentalization for Streptomyces development are largely unknown. Here we show that SepX, an actinobacterial-specific protein, is crucial for both cell division modes in Streptomyces venezuelae. Importantly, we find that sepX-deficient mutants grow without cross-walls and that this substantially impairs the fitness of colonies and the coordinated progression through the developmental life cycle. Protein interaction studies and live-cell imaging suggest that SepX contributes to the stabilization of the divisome, a mechanism that also requires the dynamin-like protein DynB. Thus, our work identifies an important determinant for cell division in Streptomyces that is required for cellular development and sporulation.
TASOR epigenetic repressor cooperates with a CNOT1 RNA degradation pathway to repress HIV
Authors: Matkovic Roy , Morel Marina , Lanciano Sophie , Larrous Pauline , Martin Benjamin , Bejjani Fabienne , Vauthier Virginie , Hansen Maike M. K. , Emiliani Stéphane , Cristofari Gael , Gallois-Montbrun Sarah , Margottin-Goguet Florence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex constituted of TASOR, MPP8 and Periphilin recruits the histone methyl-transferase SETDB1 to spread H3K9me3 repressive marks across genes and transgenes in an integration site-dependent manner. The deposition of these repressive marks leads to heterochromatin formation and inhibits gene expression, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that TASOR silencing or HIV-2 Vpx expression, which induces TASOR degradation, increases the accumulation of transcripts derived from the HIV-1 LTR promoter at a post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we identify new TASOR partners involved in RNA metabolism including the RNA deadenylase CCR4-NOT complex scaffold CNOT1. TASOR and CNOT1 synergistically repress HIV expression from its LTR. Similar to the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex found in fission yeast, we show that TASOR interacts with the RNA exosome and RNA Polymerase II, predominantly under its elongating state. Finally, we show that TASOR facilitates the association of RNA degradation proteins with RNA polymerase II and is detected at transcriptional centers. Altogether, we propose that HUSH operates at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to repress HIV proviral expression.
Metal oxide charge transfer complex for effective energy band tailoring in multilayer optoelectronics
Authors: Kim Moohyun , Kwon Byoung-Hwa , Joo Chul Woong , Cho Myeong Seon , Jang Hanhwi , Kim Ye ji , Cho Hyunjin , Jeon Duk Young , Cho Eugene N. , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal oxides are intensively used for multilayered optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Many approaches have been explored to improve device performance by engineering electrical properties. However, conventional methods cannot enable both energy level manipulation and conductivity enhancement for achieving optimum energy band configurations. Here, we introduce a metal oxide charge transfer complex (NiO:MoO3-complex), which is composed of few-nm-size MoO3 domains embedded in NiO matrices, as a highly tunable carrier injection material. Charge transfer at the finely dispersed interfaces of NiO and MoO3 throughout the entire film enables effective energy level modulation over a wide work function range of 4.47 – 6.34 eV along with enhanced electrical conductivity. The high performance of NiO:MoO3-complex is confirmed by achieving 189% improved current efficiency compared to that of MoO3-based green OLEDs and also an external quantum efficiency of 17% when applied to blue OLEDs, which is superior to 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile-based conventional devices.
Integrated near-infrared spectral sensing
Authors: Hakkel Kaylee D. , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Ou Fang , van Klinken Anne , Pagliano Francesco , Liu Tianran , van Veldhoven Rene P. J. , Fiore Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpectral sensing is increasingly used in applications ranging from industrial process monitoring to agriculture. Sensing is usually performed by measuring reflected or transmitted light with a spectrometer and processing the resulting spectra. However, realizing compact and mass-manufacturable spectrometers is a major challenge, particularly in the infrared spectral region where chemical information is most prominent. Here we propose a different approach to spectral sensing which dramatically simplifies the requirements on the hardware and allows the monolithic integration of the sensors. We use an array of resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors, each featuring a distinct spectral response in the 850-1700 nm wavelength range. We show that prediction models can be built directly using the responses of the photodetectors, despite the presence of multiple broad peaks, releasing the need for spectral reconstruction. The large etendue and responsivity allow us to demonstrate the application of an integrated near-infrared spectral sensor in relevant problems, namely milk and plastic sensing. Our results open the way to spectral sensors with minimal size, cost and complexity for industrial and consumer applications.
Topographic mapping of the glioblastoma proteome reveals a triple-axis model of intra-tumoral heterogeneity
Authors: Lam K. H. Brian , Leon Alberto J. , Hui Weili , Lee Sandy Che-Eun , Batruch Ihor , Faust Kevin , Klekner Almos , Hutóczki Gábor , Koritzinsky Marianne , Richer Maxime , Djuric Ugljesa , Diamandis Phedias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer with well-established patterns of intra-tumoral heterogeneity implicated in treatment resistance and progression. While regional and single cell transcriptomic variations of glioblastoma have been recently resolved, downstream phenotype-level proteomic programs have yet to be assigned across glioblastoma’s hallmark histomorphologic niches. Here, we leverage mass spectrometry to spatially align abundance levels of 4,794 proteins to distinct histologic patterns across 20 patients and propose diverse molecular programs operational within these regional tumor compartments. Using machine learning, we overlay concordant transcriptional information, and define two distinct proteogenomic programs, MYC- and KRAS-axis hereon, that cooperate with hypoxia to produce a tri-dimensional model of intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Moreover, we highlight differential drug sensitivities and relative chemoresistance in glioblastoma cell lines with enhanced KRAS programs. Importantly, these pharmacological differences are less pronounced in transcriptional glioblastoma subgroups suggesting that this model may provide insights for targeting heterogeneity and overcoming therapy resistance.
Structural assessment of HLA-A2-restricted SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes recognized by public and private T-cell receptors
Authors: Wu Daichao , Kolesnikov Alexander , Yin Rui , Guest Johnathan D. , Gowthaman Ragul , Shmelev Anton , Serdyuk Yana , Dianov Dmitry V. , Efimov Grigory A. , Pierce Brian G. , Mariuzza Roy A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractT cells play a vital role in combatting SARS-CoV-2 and forming long-term memory responses. Whereas extensive structural information is available on neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, such information on SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) bound to their peptide–MHC targets is lacking. Here we determine the structures of a public and a private TCR from COVID-19 convalescent patients in complex with HLA-A2 and two SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes (YLQ and RLQ). The structures reveal the basis for selection of particular TRAV and TRBV germline genes by the public but not the private TCR, and for the ability of the TCRs to recognize natural variants of RLQ but not YLQ. Neither TCR recognizes homologous epitopes from human seasonal coronaviruses. By elucidating the mechanism for TCR recognition of an immunodominant yet variable epitope (YLQ) and a conserved but less commonly targeted epitope (RLQ), this study can inform prospective efforts to design vaccines to elicit pan-coronavirus immunity.
A star-nose-like tactile-olfactory bionic sensing array for robust object recognition in non-visual environments
Authors: Liu Mengwei , Zhang Yujia , Wang Jiachuang , Qin Nan , Yang Heng , Sun Ke , Hao Jie , Shu Lin , Liu Jiarui , Chen Qiang , Zhang Pingping , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObject recognition is among the basic survival skills of human beings and other animals. To date, artificial intelligence (AI) assisted high-performance object recognition is primarily visual-based, empowered by the rapid development of sensing and computational capabilities. Here, we report a tactile-olfactory sensing array, which was inspired by the natural sense-fusion system of star-nose mole, and can permit real-time acquisition of the local topography, stiffness, and odor of a variety of objects without visual input. The tactile-olfactory information is processed by a bioinspired olfactory-tactile associated machine-learning algorithm, essentially mimicking the biological fusion procedures in the neural system of the star-nose mole. Aiming to achieve human identification during rescue missions in challenging environments such as dark or buried scenarios, our tactile-olfactory intelligent sensing system could classify 11 typical objects with an accuracy of 96.9% in a simulated rescue scenario at a fire department test site. The tactile-olfactory bionic sensing system required no visual input and showed superior tolerance to environmental interference, highlighting its great potential for robust object recognition in difficult environments where other methods fall short.
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) dynamics: conformational transition from open to closed states
Authors: Takahashi Diane T. , Gadelle Danièle , Agama Keli , Kiselev Evgeny , Zhang Hongliang , Yab Emilie , Petrella Stephanie , Forterre Patrick , Pommier Yves , Mayer Claudine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEukaryotic topoisomerases I (TOP1) are ubiquitous enzymes removing DNA torsional stress. However, there is little data concerning the three-dimensional structure of TOP1 in the absence of DNA, nor how the DNA molecule can enter/exit its closed conformation. Here, we solved the structure of thermostable archaeal Caldiarchaeum subterraneum CsTOP1 in an apo-form. The enzyme displays an open conformation resulting from one substantial rotation between the capping (CAP) and the catalytic (CAT) modules. The junction between these two modules is a five-residue loop, the hinge, whose flexibility permits the opening/closing of the enzyme and the entry of DNA. We identified a highly conserved tyrosine near the hinge as mediating the transition from the open to closed conformation upon DNA binding. Directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the hinge flexibility, and linked the enzyme dynamics with sensitivity to camptothecin, a TOP1 inhibitor targeting the TOP1 enzyme catalytic site in the closed conformation.
Cryo-EM demonstrates the in vitro proliferation of an ex vivo amyloid fibril morphology by seeding
Authors: Heerde Thomas , Rennegarbe Matthies , Biedermann Alexander , Savran Dilan , Pfeiffer Peter B. , Hitzenberger Manuel , Baur Julian , Puscalau-Girtu Ioana , Zacharias Martin , Schwierz Nadine , Haupt Christian , Schmidt Matthias , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies showed that seeding of solutions of monomeric fibril proteins with ex vivo amyloid fibrils accelerated the kinetics of fibril formation in vitro but did not necessarily replicate the seed structure. In this research we use cryo-electron microscopy and other methods to analyze the ability of serum amyloid A (SAA)1.1-derived amyloid fibrils, purified from systemic AA amyloidosis tissue, to seed solutions of recombinant SAA1.1 protein. We show that 98% of the seeded fibrils remodel the full fibril structure of the main ex vivo fibril morphology, which we used for seeding, while they are notably different from unseeded in vitro fibrils. The seeded fibrils show a similar proteinase K resistance as ex vivo fibrils and are substantially more stable to proteolytic digestion than unseeded in vitro fibrils. Our data support the view that the fibril morphology contributes to determining proteolytic stability and that pathogenic amyloid fibrils arise from proteolytic selection.
Maternal regulation of biliary disease in neonates via gut microbial metabolites
Authors: Jee Jai Junbae , Yang Li , Shivakumar Pranavkumar , Xu Pei-pei , Mourya Reena , Thanekar Unmesha , Yu Pu , Zhu Yu , Pan Yongkang , Wang Haibin , Duan Xufei , Ye Yongqin , Wang Bin , Jin Zhu , Liu Yuanmei , Cao Zhiqing , Watanabe-Chailland Miki , Romick-Rosendale Lindsey E. , Wagner Michael , Fei Lin , Luo Zhenhua , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Tang Shao-tao , Bezerra Jorge A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaternal seeding of the microbiome in neonates promotes a long-lasting biological footprint, but how it impacts disease susceptibility in early life remains unknown. We hypothesized that feeding butyrate to pregnant mice influences the newborn’s susceptibility to biliary atresia, a severe cholangiopathy of neonates. Here, we show that butyrate administration to mothers renders newborn mice resistant to inflammation and injury of bile ducts and improves survival. The prevention of hepatic immune cell activation and survival trait is linked to fecal signatures of Bacteroidetes and Clostridia and increases glutamate/glutamine and hypoxanthine in stool metabolites of newborn mice. In human neonates with biliary atresia, the fecal microbiome signature of these bacteria is under-represented, with suppression of glutamate/glutamine and increased hypoxanthine pathways. The direct administration of butyrate or glutamine to newborn mice attenuates the disease phenotype, but only glutamine renders bile duct epithelial cells resistant to cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Thus, maternal intake of butyrate influences the fecal microbial population and metabolites in newborn mice and the phenotypic expression of experimental biliary atresia, with glutamine promoting survival of bile duct epithelial cells.
Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin
Authors: Adaixo Ricardo , Steiner Eva M. , Righetto Ricardo D. , Schmidt Alexander , Stahlberg Henning , Taylor Nicholas M. I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe thyroglobulin (TG) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth and serves as intraglandular iodine storage. Its architecture is conserved among vertebrates. Synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones depends on the conformation, iodination and post-translational modification of TG. Although structural information is available on recombinant and deglycosylated endogenous human thyroglobulin (hTG) from patients with goiters, the structure of native, fully glycosylated hTG remained unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of native and fully glycosylated hTG from healthy thyroid glands to 3.2 Å resolution. The structure provides detailed information on hormonogenic and glycosylation sites. We employ liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to validate these findings as well as other post-translational modifications and proteolytic cleavage sites. Our results offer insights into thyroid hormonogenesis of native hTG and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant mutations.
Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures
Authors: Sprenkle R. Tucker , Silvestri L. G. , Murillo M. S. , Bergeson S. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNew facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.
Single-atom Cu anchored catalysts for photocatalytic renewable H2 production with a quantum efficiency of 56%
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Zhao Jianhong , Wang Hui , Xiao Bin , Zhang Wen , Zhao Xinbo , Lv Tianping , Thangamuthu Madasamy , Zhang Jin , Guo Yan , Ma Jiani , Lin Lina , Tang Junwang , Huang Rong , Liu Qingju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts anchoring offers a desirable pathway for efficiency maximization and cost-saving for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the single-atoms loading amount is always within 0.5% in most of the reported due to the agglomeration at higher loading concentrations. In this work, the highly dispersed and large loading amount (>1 wt%) of copper single-atoms were achieved on TiO2, exhibiting the H2 evolution rate of 101.7 mmol g−1 h−1 under simulated solar light irradiation, which is higher than other photocatalysts reported, in addition to the excellent stability as proved after storing 380 days. More importantly, it exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency of 56% at 365 nm, a significant breakthrough in this field. The highly dispersed and large amount of Cu single-atoms incorporation on TiO2 enables the efficient electron transfer via Cu2+-Cu+ process. The present approach paves the way to design advanced materials for remarkable photocatalytic activity and durability.
Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen controls the pathogen-stimulated type I interferon cascade in human monocytes by transcriptional regulation of IRF7
Authors: Gu Lili , Casserly David , Brady Gareth , Carpenter Susan , Bracken Adrian P. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Unterholzner Leonie , Bowie Andrew G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractType I interferons (IFNs) are critical for anti-viral responses, and also drive autoimmunity when dysregulated. Upon viral sensing, monocytes elicit a sequential cascade of IFNβ and IFNα production involving feedback amplification, but how exactly this cascade is regulated in human cells is incompletely understood. Here we show that the PYHIN protein myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is required for IFNα induction in monocytes. Unlike other PYHINs, this is not due to a pathogen sensing role, but rather MNDA regulated expression of IRF7, a transcription factor essential for IFNα induction. Mechanistically, MNDA is required for recruitment of STAT2 and RNA polymerase II to the IRF7 gene promoter, and in fact MNDA is itself recruited to the IRF7 promoter after type I IFN stimulation. These data implicate MNDA as a critical regulator of the type I IFN cascade in human myeloid cells and reveal a new role for human PYHINs in innate immune gene induction.
Endosomal trafficking defects alter neural progenitor proliferation and cause microcephaly
Authors: Carpentieri Jacopo A. , Di Cicco Amandine , Lampic Marusa , Andreau David , Del Maestro Laurence , El Marjou Fatima , Coquand Laure , Bahi-Buisson Nadia , Brault Jean-Baptiste , Baffet Alexandre D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrimary microcephaly and megalencephaly are severe brain malformations defined by reduced and increased brain size, respectively. Whether these two pathologies arise from related alterations at the molecular level is unclear. Microcephaly has been largely associated with centrosomal defects, leading to cell death. Here, we investigate the consequences of WDR81 loss of function, which causes severe microcephaly in patients. We show that WDR81 regulates endosomal trafficking of EGFR and that loss of function leads to reduced MAP kinase pathway activation. Mouse radial glial progenitor cells knocked-out for WDR81 exhibit reduced proliferation rate, subsequently leading to reduced brain size. These proliferation defects are rescued in vivo by expressing a megalencephaly-causing mutant form of Cyclin D2. Our results identify the endosomal machinery as an important regulator of proliferation rates and brain growth, demonstrating that microcephaly and megalencephaly can be caused by opposite effects on the proliferation rate of radial glial progenitors.