bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Dynamic Characteristics of Electrorheological Dampers Using a Combination of Least Squares and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Techniques
Authors: Jahani Kamal , Sandri Stefano , Afagh Fred , Langlois Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dynamic characteristics of electrorheological dampers are identified using a procedure that includes dynamic testing, modelling, and a combination of least squares and radial basis function neural networks techniques. A two-step computationally efficient and experimentally affordable approach is chosen to achieve this objective. In the first step, the response of the damper at a certain number of applied command voltages to harmonic excitation is determined and, using the least squares technique, the corresponding damper parameters are identified based on the Bingham viscoplastic model. Since the number of experiments is limited to discrete values of voltage, in the second step the radial basis function neural networks technique is implemented to identify the parameters of the model for any value of the command voltage in the experimentally investigated range. Comparison of the predicted responses of the investigated damper with the corresponding experimental results from the first step and examining of the generalization capability of the radial basis function neural networks in the second step, verified the ability of the whole procedure to successfully identify the model parameters for any arbitrary applied command voltages. Furthermore, by considering the flow index number in a Herschel–Bulkley model to be equal to 1 for the damper at higher speeds, the preliminary estimation of the impact response of the damper is determined using the identified parameters.
Spatial Localization of Air Inclusions in Carbon Fiber T-Beam, by Use of Wavelet Entropy Time Series From Hammer Tap Test
Authors: Brouzas Spyridon , Georgiou Ioannis T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a vibration-based method, called wavelet entropy time series, for non-destructive testing of carbon fiber specimens is introduced and demonstrated experimentally. The wavelet transform of vibration signals, acquired after an impact excitation of the specimen, is combined with Shannon’s informational entropy to quantify a trend in the disorder of the signal. Notions such as wavelet entropy, wavelet entropy time series are defined and utilized to assist in structural health monitoring. The scientific merit of the method was investigated both experimentally and computationally. Wavelet entropy time series was able to identify patterns in the complexity of signals making the method suitable for other signal processing applications, outside the scope of non-destructive testing.
Experimental Analysis for a New Design of Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud , Elmozughi Ali , Pokharel Pranaya , Krahl Madison , Aldawsari Musaad , Holmes Clayton , Rolle Theo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accumulative knowledge on Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is imperative in society today because technology is ever expanding, opening doors for improved innovation that is more sustainable to our environment. TES has a multitude of uses; from simply boiling a kettle of water on a stove to more complex applications such as solar power generation. This research focuses on the application of a thermal energy storage unit introduced to a selected Phase Change Material (PCM) to undergo controlled experimentation. It helpful to gain understanding of how the TES unit will perform in a typical laboratory environment. A PCM is any substance capable of absorbing or releasing sufficient energy to undergo a phase transition. For specified purposes of this work was, the relevant states of matter liquid and solid; hence the use of a paraffin wax was the ideal for the experimental work model where the phase transition from solid to liquid occurs in a relatively low temperature. The objective of this work was determining the amount of energy that can be stored, and the power that can be generated by using paraffin wax. The setup of the experimental work for this project was consisting of a wax chamber, corrugated steel plates, and gaskets compressed within two plexiglass frames with an inlet and outlet. Tap water was used the medium of transferring thermal energy, and a JULABO heating unit was used to generate enough thermal energy for the steel plates. PCM was used to absorb the energy and transfer it to the cold water during the PCM transformation. A normal faucet was to provide cool enough water to lower the temperature within the system initiating the liquid to solid phase transition. Hoses was used to connect the main TES unit, JULABO unit, and faucet, as well as allowing flow throughout the system. Experiential work and calculation model results shows that the energy recovery was effected by flow rates, melting temperatures, and PCM. Other factors were considered in this work including mass, volume, density, specific heat, latency, turbulence flow, Reynolds number, limitations, and factor of safety. The results of this work can be used to get useful energy especially in isolated location such as desert, ships in occasion, and military locations.
Development of an Organisational Framework for the Optimal and Efficient Selection of Actuators
Authors: Hanna Pavlos , Carmichael Marc , Clemon Lee 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Actuators are a vital component, and more often than not one of the limiting factors in robotics and robotics related applications. For the use of actuators in robotics related to humanoids, exoskeletons, prosthetics and orthoses, there are more factors that influence the selected actuator than the basic mechanical outputs, size, backlash, material and power consumption. The main interest within these applications is that because the device is being carried by the human user, thus weight, power consumption and form factor are important selection parameters. The correct selection of an actuator for these applications is a difficult and lengthy process to perform. This paper creates an organizational framework and database for searching the wide range of actuators. This dataset is organized into a design tool that plots the properties of each actuator on varying graphs creating trade-off Ashby charts to rapidly narrow the selection space for designers. A case study is performed to demonstrate the use of this design tool in human-centric actuation applications. The database is utilized in the selection of the ideal actuator based on lines of best fit and a multivariate regression analysis for the optimization of parameters about the required specifications. In addition, a meta-analysis identifies clusters of current actuators, gaps for new developments, and trends. This work provides research direction into developing specific actuators to fit into these trend gaps which offers substantial benefits to humanoids, exoskeletons, prosthetics and orthosis.
Theoretical Analysis of Geometrically Modified Dew Point Evaporative Cooler
Authors: Patunkar Prashant , Dingare Sunil V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Human thermal comfort being one of major aspect of increasing demand of energy consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) sector. The vapor compression refrigeration systems are predominantly used in the conditioning of the air. Such systems are energy intensive on account of the mechanically driven compressor, hence, not to be considered as a long-term option. It is the need of an hour to propose alternative and sustainable method for the cooling requirements.
The evaporative cooling is considered one of alternative cooling method. Such technique helps to cool the incoming air only up to the wet bulb temperature of the air. The continuous development in the past have proposed the indirect cooling methods to achieve the purpose. This method helps to achieve the temperature closer to the dew point temperature of the incoming air. Dew point evaporative cooler is an indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) technique to lower temperature of incoming air below its wet bulb temperature and near to dew point temperature. Performance parameters of dew point evaporative cooler are significantly influenced by configuration and structural arrangement of heat exchanger. The different arrangements of heat exchangers commonly used are counterflow, cross flow and counter-cross flow. This work presents performance analysis of geometrically modified dew point evaporative cooler. The commonly used geometries for the construction of heat and mass exchangers are flat plates, corrugated plates, plates with the perforations etc. In this work, the plate geometry shape is modified to corrugated trapezoidal plates for the theoretical analysis. The modified geometry helps to provide more heat exchange area for the same heat exchanger volume. The cooling efficiencies and temperatures at the outlet of the cooler were investigated for different intake air temperatures and moisture content. The incoming air temperatures are varied from 25°C to 45°C and moisture content from 7 g/kg to 26g/kg for the fixed inlet velocity of 2.5 m/s. The wet bulb and dew point efficiencies ranged from 80% to 131% and 58% to 89% respectively. The trapezoidal corrugated plates predict 17.5 % and 8.5% higher wet bulb efficiency as compared to flat plates and corrugated plate, while the dew point efficiency remains almost same.
Microstructural Analysis and Tensile Property Studies on Spray Cooled Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy 2014
Authors: Mohamed Rafi Afrith Noor , Augustine Michael Duke Mystica , Santhanam Senthil Kumar Velukkudi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Conventional Friction Stir Welding has increased heat generation which results in improper dissolution of precipitates in Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) which develop the weakest section of the weld. In order to dissipate the heat beyond Thermo-Mechanical Affected Zone (TMAZ), spray nozzle with water and compressed air is used in this study. Friction Stir Welding assisted with cooling has been shown to improve the microstructure properties of the weld than normal friction stir welding process (FSW). This is because the grain structures in the nugget zone become finer when water is used as a cooling medium to dissipate the excess heat. Refined grain structure is known to improve the tensile strength and ductile properties of the weld. The welding was carried out using the spray setup at 1000 rpm and 44 mm/min. The flow rate of the nozzle setup was set to 72 ml/min. The tensile behavior of the welded specimen was then tested. The ultimate tensile strength of water cooled was obtained and compared with air cooled weld. Fracture analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the results are then compared. Microhardness values of various zones were then measured and compared. It was found that the weld obtained with water cooled friction stir welding possesses balanced hardness and tensile properties suitable for real life applications.
Compression Analysis Tests for Prototypes Made of Different Polymers
Authors: Deemyad Taher , Akula Vincent , Sebastian Anish 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we tested and compared the failure loading conditions for allowed pressure over prototypes of smart toilet seats with custom shapes and materials (Polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) & Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)). These tests were conducted to identify the allowable maximum loading condition on these prototypes. The main challenge in designing these tests, was the application of load, specific to the custom shape of the prototype seats. A custom loading platform was designed to facilitate the application of a distributed force, to find the maximum allowable weight to identify any weak/critical sections, and failing point/s for each of the designs. However, because of the deflection of the seats, which causes a nonlinear condition for compression analysis, combined with their complex shapes, simulation of the models in SolidWorks was not very accurate. To circumvent this shortcoming an actual test bed was built and used a high accuracy electromechanical tensile & compression testing machine to subject and compare the maximum allowable loading of the seats. The results showed the seats passed the compression tests but have some differences in the locations for failures and maximum allowable pressure.
Characterization of Electric Fan Noise Generation Due to Blade Geometry
Authors: Cole Liliosa-Eyang , Barez Fred 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The flow surrounding the propeller of an electric fan contributes significantly to the noise emitted by low-pressure electronic fans designed to cool electronic equipment such as desktop computers. This study characterizes fan noise based on modification of geometrical features such as its hub diameter, blade length, blade thickness, blade angle of attack and number of blades.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Aeroacoustics simulations were employed to analyze sound pressure level on the fan rotor. A commercially available computer cooling fan was selected as a reference fan. Two constant rotational speeds were tested, 2,400 rpm and 4,500 rpm, yielding OASPL of 31.94 dB and 48.99 dB, respectively. The sound pressure levels visualized from the reference fan were within the range of noise emission advertised by two manufacturers for the same size of fan, with number of blades and rated voltage. Velocity magnitude profiles and pressure profile distributions were also generated to visualize the flow patterns and validate aerodynamic theories citing turbulent flow in the vicinity of the rotor, characterized by a vortex field, wakes and eddies in the Trailing Edge.
A reduction in hub diameter and an increase in the blade’s thickness resulted in considerable noise reduction. Consequently, an improved fan geometry was created by superimposing these design modifications yielding a 5.02 dB and 3.53 dB noise reduction for the two respective rotational speeds.
A Comparative Study of Adaptive Mode Decomposition Methods for Modal Response Extraction
Authors: Liao Yabin , Sensmeier Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adaptive mode decomposition (AMD) methods have received significant interest in recent years as an effective means for analyzing signals of multi-components and high complexity. This paper investigates the feasibility of integrating AMD methods and modal response extraction, and performs a comparative study of few representative AMD methods including the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), local mean decomposition (LMD), empirical wavelet transform (EWT), variational mode decomposition (VMD), nonlinear mode decomposition (NMD), and adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF) methods. The fusion of AMD and modal analysis adds adaptivity and flexibility into data processing and helps automate the modal analysis process. The comparative study will provide insights on the advantages and disadvantages of the AMD methods as to the application of modal analysis. In this comparative study, the six representative AMD methods are first applied to the free response of a simulated three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) system, to extract the modal responses associated with the three modes. After that, the methods are applied to a measured free-response signal of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beam to assess their capability of analyzing real signals. Finally, the findings are summarized and conclusions are drawn.
Analysis of Surface Roughness in End-Milling of Aluminium Using an Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Balonji Serge , Okokpujie I. P. , Tartibu L. K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
End-milling is considered one of the well-known cutting processes that machines surface using cutter tools that operate at relatively high speed. In order to manufacture mechanical parts, existing studies suggest that minimum roughness could be obtained if the radial and axial depth of the cut, the feed rate, and the spindle speed is adequately adjusted. This study considers the results of an experimental investigation conducted on 30 samples of aluminum alloy AL-6061 using a CNC machine and analyzes the relationship between independent input parameters, taken within well-defined ranges, that characterize the machine setting and output performance of surface roughness. Because the surface finish is a major concern, the present study considers an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for the modeling: The paper presents results of surface roughness prediction using ANFIS. Emphasis is put upon shapes of membership functions, types of FIS generation, and FIS training optimum methods as these configurations affect the most performance of the ANFIS model. Results expressed in terms of an accuracy tool named root mean square error (RMSE) are compared. ANFIS has a strong learning capacity, prediction accuracy and can capture nonlinearity problems. In addition, The ANFIS surface roughness prediction model is expected to improve the cutting processes and the manufacturing process in the industry through sustainable prediction analysis.
Effect of Geometry on Small Scale Venturi Nozzle Performance
Authors: O’Hern Hannah , Zhang Xiang , Abbasi Bahman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A parametric study was conducted on small scale, subsonic Venturi nozzles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different operating conditions and different geometric parameters on the performance of the nozzle. In this study, the performance of the nozzle was defined as the ratio of suction mass flow to motive mass flow, or the suction ratio. The parametric study included 15 different nozzle geometries, under various operating conditions, for a total of 55 case studies. The parametric study was conducted using CFD in Ansys Fluent. Additionally, experimental validation was conducted for several 3D printed nozzles. Dimensional analysis of the parameters was completed to determine the form of a dimensionless correlation for the suction ratio as a function of the other parameters. The case studies were run through a constrained multi-variable global optimization code to determine the dependency on each dimensionless group. This correlation can be used as a design guide for Venturi nozzles. If operating conditions dictate an optimum suction ratio, the ideal nozzle geometry can be determined. Alternatively, based on the geometry of a given nozzle, the resulting suction ratio can be determined.
Computational Modeling and Analysis of Turbulent Flows in the Humidification Unit of the Continuous Positive Airways Pressure Device
Authors: Vuong Tung Xuan , Al-Jumaily Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an investigation into the dynamics flow behaviour of a humidifier unit is carried out using the numerical simulation method. The Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) with a hybrid approach is conducted in the ANSYS software environment.
The CFD simulations were used to investigate the internal flow behaviours of the humification fluid model. The predicted results have shown the internal flow characteristics combined with scatters, circulations, and separation behaviours. These behaviours are due to the installation of a baffle unit inside the humification unit. Turbulent and pressure fluctuations were used to predict the noise level generated within the system. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results for validation. The comparison shows the predicted results agreed with the experimental result with some differences in frequency analysis.
In summary, the numerical model was developed for the CPAP humidifier unit to study the internal flow behaviours and the potential noise source location. The predicted results have explained and identified some locations of interest. These findings were used as guidelines to optimise and further develop to improve the future product. It also concludes that the CAA approach can be considered as a potential cost-effective tool in the early product development process for a better product design.
Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Silica Particle-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Langat Hassan K. , Keraita J. K. , Mwema F. M. , Akinlabi E. T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polymer based composites are currently used in several fields including automobile, aerospace, biomedical, and domestic applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and other attractive properties. In the current study, silica particles are evaluated as reinforcement for three polymers namely, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE. The composites were prepared by varying the weight of silica particles in relation to the polymer matrix and then tensile, impact and thermal properties were evaluated using universal tensile testing machine, Charpy impact and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) respectively.
The mechanical results showed that for HIPS-Silica composite, the tensile strength increased with increased silica content from 13.6 MPa for pure HIPS to 13.9 MPa at 5% silica and 14.8 GPa at 31% Silica. GPPS-Silica showed slight increase in tensile strength from 16.2 MPa for pure to 33.8 MPa at 5% silica and reduced to 21.5 MPa at 31%. The rLDPE-silica composite showed reduced tensile strength from 10.4 MPa for recycled HDPE to 10.2 MPa at 5% silica and an increase at 31% silica to 11.7 MPa. The modulus of elasticity for all the samples increased with the increasing silica content. The impact strength was found to increase from 5.6 kJ/m2 for pure PS - GPPS to 8.1 kJ/m2 at 5% silica. There was no remarkable increase in impact strength at 31% silica for PS-PPS. For HIPS composite, the impact reduced from 47 kJ/m2 for pure HIPS to 37 kJ/m2 at 5% silica and 11 kJ/m2 at 31% silica.
Thermal results of the composites at 31% silica were compared with pure respective polymers. In terms of thermal and mechanical properties, the general-purpose polystyrene had the highest heat absorption capacity and tensile strength. The modulus of elasticity was also reported highest in the general-purpose polystyrene composite. The results showed slight change in glass transition temperature and an increased heat absorption property when silica was added to respective polymers. Based on the results, natural silica (diatomite)-based composites may be used as green construction materials.