bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORA47 is a transcriptional regulator of a general stress response hub
Authors: Zeng Liping , Chen Hao , Wang Yaqi , Hicks Derrick , Ke Haiyan , Pruneda‐Paz Jose , Dehesh Katayoon 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYTranscriptional regulators of the general stress response (GSR) reprogram the expression of selected genes to transduce informational signals into cellular events, ultimately manifested in a plant's ability to cope with environmental challenges. Identification of the core GSR regulatory proteins will uncover the principal modules and their mode of action in the establishment of adaptive responses. To define the GSR regulatory components, we employed a yeast‐one‐hybrid assay to identify the protein(s) binding to the previously established functional GSR motif, termed the rapid stress response element (RSRE). This led to the isolation of octadecanoid‐responsive AP2/ERF‐domain transcription factor 47 (ORA47), a methyl jasmonate inducible protein. Subsequently, ORA47 transcriptional activity was confirmed using the RSRE‐driven luciferase (LUC) activity assay performed in the ORA47 loss‐ and gain‐of‐function lines introgressed into the 4xRSRE::Luc background. In addition, the prime contribution of CALMODULIN‐BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 (CAMTA3) protein in the induction of RSRE was reaffirmed by genetic studies. Moreover, exogenous application of methyl jasmonate led to enhanced levels of ORA47 and CAMTA3 transcripts, as well as the induction of RSRE::LUC activity. Metabolic analyses illustrated the reciprocal functional inputs of ORA47 and CAMTA3 in increasing JA levels. Lastly, transient assays identified JASMONATE ZIM‐domain1 (JAZ1) as a repressor of RSRE::LUC activity. Collectively, the present study provides fresh insight into the initial features of the mechanism that transduces informational signals into adaptive responses. This mechanism involves the functional interplay between the JA biosynthesis/signaling cascade and the transcriptional reprogramming that potentiates GSR. Furthermore, these findings offer a window into the role of intraorganellar communication in the establishment of adaptive responses.
Novel insights into chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gray Alexa P. , Sato Yu , Miyadera Keiko , Aguirre Gustavo D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to describe the in vivo microanatomy of typical and atypical chorioretinal and juxtapapillary colobomas in the dog.MethodsThree cross‐breed dogs were found to be affected with colobomas. Two of the cases were NEHJ1 homozygous and Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) affected and had the typical optic nerve head colobomas seen with the disease. The third case had an unexpected atypical coloboma. In vivo retinal photography and non‐invasive retinal imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were done, and the eye affected with the atypical coloboma was collected and processed for histopathological evaluation.ResultsThe majority of the defining features within the CEA defects were similar, with the extent of change to the choroid being of note. Similar to the first two cases, the atypical coloboma demonstrated absent normal retina, RPE, and choroid within the coloboma. Prominent intercalary membranes and vitreal strands attached to the depth of the coloboma were also apparent in all affected eyes. However, unlike the CEA‐associated colobomas, the atypical coloboma possessed normal choroid surrounding the lesion and the depth of the lesion was apparent throughout.ConclusionsAdvanced retinal imaging enables the appreciation of microanatomical changes that occur in the living eye. The ability of OCT to enhance visualization of abnormal retinal structures and detect subtle neurosensory retinal defects has allowed for the in vivo characterization of features observed in typical and atypical colobomas, as well as the appreciation of some of the resulting structural changes not visible by ophthalmoscopy alone.
Antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 improves diabetic wound healing
Authors: Yue Hainan , Song Pu , Sutthammikorn Nutda , Umehara Yoshie , Trujillo‐Paez Juan Valentin , Nguyen Hai Le Thanh , Takahashi Miho , Peng Ge , Ikutama Risa , Okumura Ko , Ogawa Hideoki , Ikeda Shigaku , Niyonsaba François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImpaired keratinocyte functions are major factors that are responsible for delayed diabetic wound healing. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, the antimicrobial peptide derived from insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (AMP‐IBP5) activates mast cells and promotes keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration. However, its effects on diabetic wound healing remain unclear. Human keratinocytes were cultured in normal or high glucose milieus. The production of angiogenic growth factor and cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. Wounds in normal and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were monitored and histologically examined. We found that AMP‐IBP5 rescued the high glucose‐induced attenuation of proliferation and migration as well as the production of angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factors in keratinocytes. The AMP‐IBP5‐induced activity was mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, as indicated by the inhibitory effects of pathway‐specific inhibitors. In vivo, AMP‐IBP5 markedly accelerated wound healing, increased the expression of angiogenic factors and promoted vessel formation in both normal and diabetic mice. Overall, the finding that AMP‐IBP5 accelerated diabetic wound healing by protecting against glucotoxicity and promoting angiogenesis suggests that AMP‐IBP5 might be a potential therapeutic target for treating chronic diabetic wounds.
Sensitivity of an international notification system for wildlife diseases: A case study using the OIE‐WAHIS data on tularemia
Authors: Fanelli Angela , Awada Lina , Caceres‐Soto Paula , Diaz François , Grillo Tiggy , Gizo Itlala , Hamilton Keith , Rolez Christine Leon , Melens Peter , Morales Roberta , Mur Lina , Muset Sophie , Nake Lorenz , Thompson Lesa , Wannous Chadia , Tizzani Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has recently developed a Wildlife Health Framework to respond to the need of members to manage the risk from emerging diseases at the animal–human–ecosystem interface. One of its objectives is to improve surveillance systems, early detection and notification of wildlife diseases. Members share information on disease occurrence by reporting through the OIE World Animal Health Information System (OIE‐WAHIS—formerly known as ‘WAHIS’). To evaluate the capacity of a surveillance system to detect disease events, it is important to quantify the gap between all known events and those officially notified to the OIE. This study used capture–recapture analysis to estimate the sensitivity of the OIE‐WAHIS system for a OIE‐listed wildlife disease by comparing information from publicly available sources to identify undetected events. This article presents a case study of the occurrence of tularemia in lagomorphs among selected North American and European countries during the period 2014–2019. First, an analysis using three data sources (OIE‐WAHIS, ProMED, WHO‐EIOS [Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources]) was conducted. Subsequent analysis then explored the model integrating information from a fourth source (scientific literature collected in PubMed). Two models were built to evaluate both the sensitivity of the OIE‐WAHIS using media reports (ProMED and WHO‐EIOS), which is likely to represent current closer to real‐time events, and published scientific data, which is more useful for retrospective analysis. Using the three‐source approach, the predicted number of tularemia events was 93 (95% CI: 75–114), with an OIE‐WAHIS sensitivity of 90%. In the four‐source approach, the number of predicted events increased to 120 (95% CI: 99–143), dropping the sensitivity of the OIE‐WAHIS to 70%. The results indicate a good sensitivity of the OIE‐WAHIS system using the three‐source approach, but lower sensitivity when including information from the scientific literature. Further analysis should be undertaken to identify diseases and regions for which international reporting presents a low sensitivity. This will enable evaluation and prioritization of underreported OIE‐listed wildlife diseases and identify areas of focus as part of the Wildlife Health Framework. This study also highlights the need for stronger collaborations between academia and National Veterinary Services to enhance surveillance systems for notifiable diseases.
Detection of Cracks in Turbomachinery Blades by Online Monitoring
Authors: Kumar Manish , Heinig Roger , Cottrell Mark , Siewert Christian , Almstedt Henning , Feiner Drew , Griffin Jerry 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe presence of a crack in a blade can change the natural frequencies of that blade. It has long been a goal to detect blade cracks by assessing the change in a measured vibration frequency of the blade over time. It has been found that prior frequency assessment methods can be less accurate than is desirable to reliably detect the relatively small frequency changes that are typically associated with blade crack sizes of practical interest. This paper describes a method in which potential temporal changes in the frequencies of individual blades are assessed by periodically analyzing complete rows of blades using mistuning analysis techniques that treat the blade rows as coupled systems, in contrast to other techniques that consider each blade individually in turn. This method, while computationally complicated and challenging, has been found to be capable of detecting blade root cracks that are much smaller than those that can be detected using other techniques. Moreover, this method has been demonstrated to detect cracks that are much smaller than the critical size for mechanical separation of the blade from the rotor. This improved frequency assessment technique has been used to identify more than 30 blades with frequency changes that were considered to be potential indicators of blade cracks. Subsequent inspections verified indications in all of those blades. In addition to providing operational guidance, the frequency change data were used to infer the time periods during which crack growth had occurred.
Efficient Optimization Design of Vortex Generators in a Highly Loaded Compressor Stator
Authors: Li Jiabin , Li Weiwei , Ji Lucheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Secondary flow transfers the boundary layer from the endwall to suction side corner region, which deteriorates the performance of compressors. Vortex generators (VGs) can attenuate the secondary flow when implemented at the endwall of the blade passage. In order to make an efficient optimization design of the VGs layout, mathematical models are introduced to replace the actual VGs. However, the model is only effective at the small incidence. In this paper, first, a mathematical model is presented to replace the actual VGs facing a lager incidence, and validated by computational fluid dynamics results with actual VGs. Second, an efficient design method for optimizing VGs layout is presented based on VG model and genetic algorithm (GA)-support vector machine (SVM) method. The method is illustrated in a highly loaded compressor stator, and the VGs layout is optimized and applied in the blade passage. The results show that the VGs can prevent the secondary flow from the suction corner, and reduce the total pressure loss coefficient at the trailing edge of the stator by 15%. Finally, the flow mechanism of the VGs is investigated using numerical method. The results show that the VGs can induce a primary vortex at the tip and prevent the circumferential migration of boundary layers. Moreover, the secondary flow can produce a large incidence at the hub of the VGs, thus increasing the aerodynamic losses of the VGs secondary vortex.
The Influence of Ambient Pressure on the Measured Load Capacity of Bump-Foil and Spiral-Groove Gas Thrust Bearings at Ambient Pressures up to 69 Bar on a Novel High-Pressure Gas Bearing Test Rig
Authors: Wilkes Jason , Cater Ryan , Swanson Erik , Passmore Kevin , Brady Jerry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper will show the influence of ambient pressure on the thrust capacity of bump-foil and spiral-groove gas thrust bearings. The bearings were operating in nitrogen at various pressures up to 69 bar and were tested to failure. Failure was detected at various pressures by incrementally increasing the thrust load applied to the thrust bearing until the bearing was no longer thermally stable, or until contact was observed by a temperature spike measured by thermocouples within the bearing. These tests were performed on a novel thrust bearing test rig that was developed to allow thrust testing at pressures up to 207 bar cavity pressure at 260 °C while rotating at speeds up to 120,000 rpm. The test rig floats on hydrostatic air bearings to allow for the direct measurement of applied thrust load through linkages that connect the stationary thrust loader to the rotor housing. Test results on a 65 mm (2.56 in.) bump-foil thrust bearing at 100 krpm show a marked increase in load capacity with gas density, which has not previously been shown experimentally. Results also show that the load capacity of a similarly sized spiral-groove thrust bearing are relatively insensitive to pressure, and supported an order-of-magnitude less load than that observed for the bump-foil thrust bearing. These results are compared with analytical predictions, which agree reasonably with the experimental results. Predicted power loss is also presented for the bump-foil bearing; however, measured power loss was substantially higher.
Heat Transfer and Residence Time in Lean Direct Injection Fuel Galleries
Authors: Walker Thomas D. , Peacock Graham L. , Brend Mark A. , Bonham Clare , Masters Jon D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In radially staged lean direct injection (LDI) systems, pilot fuel plays an important role in cooling the mains fuel gallery in regions of the flight envelope where the mains fuel is stagnant. Under these conditions, managing wetted wall temperatures is vital to avoid the formation of carbonaceous particles, which become deposited on the surfaces of the fuel gallery and can lead to a deterioration in system performance. The prediction of wetted wall temperatures therefore represents an important aspect of the injector design phase. Such predictions are often based on injector thermal models, which tend to rely on the application of convective boundary conditions from empirical heat transfer correlations. The use of these correlations leads to questions over the accuracy of predicted wetted wall temperatures and therefore uncertainty over the probability of deposition. This paper seeks to improve on the current situation by applying the inverse conduction technique to determine heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) specific to the pilot fuel gallery. These HTCs are crucial for determining wetted wall temperatures in the pilot and mains fuel galleries and principally govern the risk of deposition in the stagnant mains. The pilot heat transfer data are further examined alongside measurements of the pilot residence time distribution, which together control the risk of pilot deposition at low fuel flow rates. Both the heat transfer and residence time measurements demonstrate the opportunity for future fuel gallery design refinement and provide the supporting data to facilitate this.
Cuspy and fractured black hole shadows in a toy model with axisymmetry
Authors: Qian Wei-Liang , Chen Songbai , Shao Cheng-Gang , Wang Bin , Yue Rui-Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCuspy shadow was first reported for hairy rotating black holes, whose metrics deviate significantly from the Kerr one. The non-smooth edge of the shadow is attributed to a transition between different branches of unstable but bounded orbits, known as the fundamental photon orbits, which end up at the light rings. In searching for a minimal theoretical setup to reproduce such a salient feature, in this work, we devise a toy model with axisymmetry, a slowly rotating Kerr black hole enveloped by a thin slowly rotating dark matter shell. Despite its simplicity, we show rich structures regarding fundamental photon orbits explicitly in such a system. We observe two disconnected branches of unstable spherical photon orbits, and the jump between them gives rise to a pair of cusps in the resultant black hole shadow. Besides the cuspy shadow, we explore other intriguing phenomena when the Maxwell construction cannot be established. We find that it is possible to have an incomplete arc of Einstein rings and a “fractured” shadow. The potential astrophysical significance of the corresponding findings is addressed.
A generative model for age and income distribution
Authors: Ozhamaratli Fatih , Kitov Oleg , Barucca Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEach individual in society experiences an evolution of their income during their lifetime. Macroscopically, this dynamic creates a statistical relationship between age and income for each society. In this study, we investigate income distribution and its relationship with age and identify a stable joint distribution function for age and income within the United Kingdom and the United States. We demonstrate a flexible calibration methodology using panel and population surveys and capture the characteristic differences between the UK and the US populations. The model here presented can be utilised for forecasting income and planning pensions.
Evaluation of Different Rates of Ampligo Insecticide against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Coastal Savannah Agroecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Osae Michael Y. , Frimpong Justice O. , Sintim Joshua O. , Offei Benjamin K. , Marri Dinah , Ofori Selorm E. K. 
Published: January 2022

The destructive nature of maize fall armyworm has triggered the importation of plenty of plant protection products onto the Ghanaian agrochemical marketplace. These imported chemicals sold at market places sometimes are unregistered for use in the Ghanaian environment. Thus, some importers do not do due diligence in testing the chemical agronomically to ascertain its mode of action and also being not harmful to beneficial insect species in the Ghanaian environment. It was in this view that three Ampligo concentrations or rates (0 ml/ha, 200 ml/ha, and 240 ml/ha) were tested against FAW on maize that were sown at a spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm. Treatments applied to maize were arranged in a randomised complete block design and replicated three times. Ampligo rates caused a very significant (

p

< 0.05) reduction in FAW at 21 and 28 days after maize emergence. The damage to maize leaf on treated maize plot was significantly (

p

< 0.05) different from that on the untreated. Thus, damage of FAW was more visible on maize leaves on control plots compared to the treated ones. A significantly (

p

< 0.05) positive correlation existed between damage rating and FAW number. Furthermore, the Ampligo rates correlated negatively to FAW density at

p

= 0.014 at 21 days after emergence. Also, FAW infestation did not impact maize grain yield. The study, therefore, concluded that Ampligo pesticide falls in low-risk plant protection product category with a very potent active ingredient that reduces FAW populations. We recommend that Ampligo should be applied between 14 and 21 days after emergence; two applications at one-week interval at 200 ml/ha are sufficient to sustain maize for the whole cropping season.
Effect of Statins on Serum level of hs-CRP and CRP in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kandelouei Tahmineh , Abbasifard Mitra , Imani Danyal , Aslani Saeed , Razi Bahman , Fasihi Mahdieh , Shafiekhani Sajad , Mohammadi Keyhan , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Reiner Željko , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: January 2022

Background. Several studies have reported that statins have anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, results of clinical trials concerning the effect of statins on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of statins on CRP and hs-CRP levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods. Literature search of the major databases was performed to find eligible RCTs assessing the effect of statins on serum levels of CRP and hs-CRP from the inception until the last week of April 2021. The effect sizes were determined for weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. 26 studies were identified (3010 patients and 2968 controls) for hs-CRP and 20 studies (3026 patients and 2968 controls) for CRP. Statins reduced the serum levels of hs-CRP (

WMD
=
−
0.97

mg
/
L

; 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.68 mg/L;

P
<
0.001

) and CRP (

WMD
=
−
3.05

mg
/
L

; 95% CI: -4.86 to -1.25 mg/L;

P
<
0.001

) in patients with CVDs. Statins decreased the serum levels of hs-CRP in patients receiving both high-intensity and moderate/low-intensity treatments with these drugs. In addition, the duration of treatment longer than 10 weeks decreased hs-CRP levels. Only high-intensity statin treatment could marginally decrease serum levels of CRP in CVDs patients. Conclusions. This meta-analysis showed the efficacy of statins to reduce the concentrations of CRP and hs-CRP in patients with different types of CVDs.
The Extension Services and the Level of Productivity of Sugarcane Farmers in the Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Oñal, Jr. Paulino A , Jinon Rex J. , Martinez Lloyd B. 
Published: January 2022

Agricultural extension has been an essential strength in agricultural development and social innovation factor. The word “extension” in the modern meaning was first used which refers to informal public education in England in the second half of the 19th century (Demiryurek, 2014).
This descriptive method of research aid at determining the effectivity of extension services and the productivity of sugarcane farmers in the Visayas, Philippines. The 400 sugarcane farmers randomly identified at the 10 locations in the Visayas area of the Philippines. An instrument used was the agency Extension Program Guidelines that measures productivity of the farmers, farm profile and extent of services, among others.
The result shows that the level of productivity of sugarcane farms in the Visayas area was high and a significant difference indicates on the level of productivity of sugarcane farms when grouped as to location. The level of productivity of sugarcane farming in the Visayas in terms of indicators such as size of farm, type of soil, land topography, average rainfall received, distance of the farm to the sugar mill, farming innovations, workers’ availability and expenses per hectare was at low productivity. Significant difference in the productivity of sugarcane farming at the different locations in the Visayas area in terms of size of farm, land topography, distance of the farm to the sugar mill, farming innovations, workers’ availability, and expenses per hectare except for the type of soil and average rainfall. The extent of services does not significantly related to the productivity. Relatively, there is no significant relationship existed between the extent of services and farm profile. Farm profile does not influence the level of productivity, too.