bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IR Theory and the Core–Periphery Structure of Global IR: Lessons from Citation Analysis
Authors: Risse Thomas , Wemheuer-Vogelaar Wiebke , Havemann Frank 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article contributes to two debates about international relations (IR) as a discipline: first, how global is IR, and how is it structured? Second, what is the state of theory in IR? We conducted (co-) citation analyses of both Web of Science (WoS) and—for the first time— non-WoS publications from Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. With regard to the first question, we find that global IR resembles a core–periphery structure as a “hub and spoke” system whereby transatlantic core nodes are interconnected to each other and to some periphery nodes, while the periphery nodes are connected to the core but not to each other. IR scholarship in the periphery quotes the transatlantic theory cluster but is not linked to each other, not even in the same region. Knowledge produced in the periphery has to go through the transatlantic core in order to be recognized globally. As to the transatlantic core, we identify two major (co-) citation clusters: one committed to IR theory-building across issue areas from a variety of perspectives and the other focused on security studies with a strong emphasis on quantitative methods. With regard to the second question, global IR hangs together through references to the IR theory cluster consisting of North American and European authors who appear to define what IR theory is. Scholars in the periphery refer to this transatlantic IR theory cluster when engaging in theory-building. IR theories have become rather diverse and pluralistic, even in the core. While scholars still refer to the big “isms,” they use them around the globe in a synthesizing manner.
Digital vaccine passports and digital health diplomacy: an online model WHO simulation
Authors: Godinho Myron Anthony , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Kanjo Chipo , Marin Heimar F , Martins Henrique , Quintana Yuri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the wake of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several nations have sought to implement digital vaccine passports (DVPs) to enable the resumption of international travel. Comprising a minimum dataset for each unique individual, DVPs have the makings of a global electronic health record, broaching key issues involved in building a global digital health ecosystem. Debate simulations offer a safe, interactive space to foster participatory policy discussions for advancing digital health diplomacy. This study used an online simulation of a Model World Health Assembly to critically analyze the sociotechnical issues associated with the global implementation of DVPs, and to generate useful insights and questions about the role of diplomacy in global digital health. The debate arguments addressed and provided insights into the technological, scientific, ethical, legal, policy, and societal aspects of DVPs. Reflecting on the simulation, we discuss its opportunities and challenges for the digitalization, decolonization, decentralization, and democratization of participatory policymaking.
Astragalus polysaccharide mitigates transport stress-induced hepatic metabolic stress via improving hepatic glucolipid metabolism in chicks
Authors: Zhao Bi-Chen , Tang Yi-Xi , Qiu Bai-Hao , Xu Hao-Liang , Wang Tian-Hao , Elsherbeni Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed , Gharib Hassan Bayoumi Ali , Li Jin-Long 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, newly hatched chicks are unavoidably transported from the hatching to the rearing foster. Stress caused by multiple physical and psychological stressors during transportation is particularly harmful to the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) possesses multiple benefits against hepatic metabolic disorders. Given that transport stress could disturb hepatic glucolipid metabolism and the role of APS in metabolic regulation, we speculated that APS could antagonize transport stress-induced disorder of hepatic glucolipid metabolism. Firstly, newly hatched chicks were transported for 0, 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively. Subsequently, to further investigate the effects of APS on transport stress-induced hepatic glucolipid metabolism disturbance, chicks were pretreated with water or APS and then subjected to transport treatment. Our study suggested that APS could relieve transport stress-induced lipid deposition in liver. Meanwhile, transport stress also induced disturbances in glucose metabolism, reflected by augmented mRNA expression of key molecules in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Surprisingly, APS could simultaneously alleviate these alterations via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Moreover, APS treatment regulated the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), thereby alleviating transport stress-induced alterations of VLDL synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipid oxidation, synthesis, and transport-related molecules. These findings indicated that APS could prevent the potential against transport stress-induced hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders via PGC-1α/SIRT1/AMPK/PPARα/PPARγ signaling system.
Design of three-dimensional Voronoi strut midsoles driven by plantar pressure distribution
Authors: Cheng Huaqin , Liu Bin , Liu Meiying , Cao Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The customized production pattern has brought significant innovation to the design and manufacturing of footwear. To improve the matching degree between the consumer’s feet and deepen the customization of the sole’s personalized function, a three-dimensional (3D) Voronoi strut midsole structural design method driven by plantar pressure distribution is proposed in this paper, which not only realizes the functional requirements but also takes into account the aesthetic of midsoles. In this method, the foot characteristics and pressure information obtained by the foot measuring system are employed as the data-driven basic of the midsole structural design, and a weighted random sampling strategy is introduced for constructing the Voronoi sites. Moreover, a Voronoi clipping algorithm is proposed to make the 3D Voronoi diagram adaptive to the midsole boundary. And then, taking the clipped 3D Voronoi edges as skeleton lines, the smooth and continuous 3D Voronoi strut midsoles are generated by the implicit surface modelling technology and implicit function fusion. All the algorithms are integrated into a digital framework by independent programming. And both the static and dynamic tests show that the 3D Voronoi strut midsole can make the plantar pressure distribution more homogenous and can effectively reduce the load on the metatarsal and heel region. What is more, it can provide superior energy absorption and cushioning properties, offer better resilience, bring consumers a more comfortable wearing experience and reduce the probability of joint injury caused by the abnormal plantar pressure concentration.
Youths as targets: factors of online hate speech victimization among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Obermaier Magdalena , Schmuck Desirée 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A significant number of adolescents and young adults are targeted by online hate speech. The effect of such hateful utterances can involve severe psychological harm, especially for youths who have to master developmental tasks. Therefore, drawing on criminology’s routine activity theory, this study investigates the factors that help explain why youths become victimized through online hate speech. We conducted a national quota-based quantitative online survey that was representative of adolescent and young adult online users (N = 1,180). In the results, we identified six latent profiles of young targets with overall high or low online hate speech victimization, victimization due to gender, migration background, religion, or political engagement on behalf of the queer community. While relative subjective deprivation, political participation, and lower digital media literacy positively predicted overall victimization through online hate speech, being targeted was more likely for members of the aforementioned social groups and those showing political engagement.
The early Universe was dust-rich and extremely hot
Authors: Viero Marco P , Sun Guochao , Chung Dongwoo T , Moncelsi Lorenzo , Condon Sam S 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the dust properties and star-formation signature of galaxies in the early Universe by stacking 111 227 objects in the recently released COSMOS catalogue on maps at wavelengths bracketing the peak of warmed dust emission. We find an elevated far-infrared luminosity density to redshift 8, indicating abundant dust in the early Universe. We further find an increase of dust temperature with redshift, reaching $100\pm 12\,\mathrm{ K}$ at $\mathit{z}$ ∼ 7, suggesting either the presence of silicate rich dust originating from Population ii stars, or sources of heating beyond simply young hot stars. Lastly, we try to understand how these objects have been missed in previous surveys, and how to design observations to target them. All code, links to the data, and instructions to reproduce this research in full are located at https://github.com/marcoviero/simstack3/.
Ionizing protoplanetary discs in pebble collisions
Authors: Wurm Gerhard , Jungmann Felix , Teiser Jens 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We introduce collisions of solids as a new and efficient ionization mechanism for gas in protoplanetary discs, which especially operates in the dense midplane of protoplanetary discs. This idea is sparked by laboratory experiments where we found that charge, which is exchanged by grains in mutual collision (tribocharging), is not tied to their surfaces alone. As kind of collateral effect, charges also become entrained into the gas phase, i.e. collisions ionize the protoplanetary disc. Therefore, solids are not only sinks of charges in discs but also sources. A first estimate shows that ionization rates in the midplane at 1 AU in the range of $10^{-19}\!-\!10^{-15}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$ seem feasible depending on the assumption of rather calm or highly turbulent conditions with radial particle pile up.
The direct effect of fibroblast growth factor 23 on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function
Authors: Vergara Noemi , de Mier M Victoria Pendón-Ruiz , Rodelo-Haad Cristian , Revilla-González Gonzalo , Membrives Cristina , Díaz-Tocados Juan M , Martínez-Moreno Julio M , Torralbo Ana I , Herencia Carmen , Rodríguez-Ortiz María Encarnación , López-Baltanás Rodrigo , Richards Williams G , Felsenfeld Arnold , Almadén Yolanda , Martin-Malo Alejandro , Ureña Juan , Santamaría Rafael , Soriano Sagrario , Rodríguez Mariano , Muñoz-Castañeda Juan R 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with cardiovascular mortality. The relationship between FGF23 and heart hypertrophy has been documented, however, it is not known whether FGF23 has an effect on vasculature. Vascular smooth muscle cells VSMCs may exhibit different phenotypes; our hypothesis is that FGF23 favours a switch from a contractile to synthetic phenotype that may cause vascular dysfunction. Our objective was to determine whether FGF23 may directly control a change in VSMC phenotype.

Methods
This study includes in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments and evaluation of patients with CKD stages 2–3 studying a relationship between FGF23 and vascular dysfunction.

Results
In vitro studies show that high levels of FGF23, by acting on its specific receptor FGFR1 and Erk1/2, causes a change in the phenotype of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic. This change is mediated by a downregulation of miR-221/222, which augments the expression of MAP3K2 and PAK1. miR-221/222 transfections recovered the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. Infusion of recombinant FGF23 to rats increased vascular wall thickness, with VSMCs showing a synthetic phenotype with a reduction of miR-221 expression. Ex-vivo studies on aortic rings demonstrate also that high FGF23 increases arterial stiffening. In CKD 2–3 patients, elevation of FGF23 was associated with increased pulse wave velocity and reduced plasma levels of miR-221/222.

Conclusion
In VSMCs, high levels of FGF23, through the downregulation of miR-221/222, causes a change to a synthetic phenotype. This change in VSMCs increases arterial stiffening and impairs vascular function, which might ultimately worsen cardiovascular disease.
The transcriptional repressors VAL1 and VAL2 mediate genome-wide recruitment of the CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liang Zhenwei , Yuan Liangbing , Xiong Xiangyu , Hao Yuanhao , Song Xin , Zhu Tao , Yu Yaoguang , Fu Wei , Lei Yawen , Xu Jianqu , Liu Jun , Li Jian-Feng , Li Chenlong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PICKLE (PKL) is a chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain 3 (CHD3) chromatin remodeler that plays essential roles in controlling the gene expression patterns that determine developmental identity in plants, but the molecular mechanisms through which PKL is recruited to its target genes remain elusive. Here, we define a cis-motif and trans-acting factors mechanism that governs the genomic occupancy profile of PKL in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that two homologous trans-factors VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1) and VAL2 physically interact with PKL in vivo, localize extensively to PKL-occupied regions in the genome, and promote efficient PKL recruitment at thousands of target genes, including those involved in seed maturation. Transcriptome analysis and genetic interaction studies reveal a close cooperation of VAL1/VAL2 and PKL in regulating gene expression and developmental fate. We demonstrate that this recruitment operates at two master regulatory genes, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 and AGAMOUS-LIKE 15, to repress the seed maturation program and ensure the seed-to-seedling transition. Together, our work unveils a general rule through which the CHD3 chromatin remodeler PKL binds to its target chromatin in plants.
Class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 modulates key brassinosteroid-responsive genes
Authors: Spears Benjamin J , McInturf Samuel A , Collins Carina , Chlebowski Meghann , Cseke Leland J , Su Jianbin , Mendoza-Cózatl David G , Gassmann Walter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family is most closely associated with regulating plant developmental programs. Recently, TCPs were also shown to mediate host immune signaling, both as targets of pathogen virulence factors and as regulators of plant defense genes. However, comprehensive characterization of TCP gene targets is still lacking. Loss of function of the class I TCP gene AtTCP8 attenuates early immune signaling and, when combined with mutations in AtTCP14 and AtTCP15, additional layers of defense signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we focus on TCP8, the most poorly characterized of the three to date. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing to identify TCP8-bound gene promoters and differentially regulated genes in the tcp8 mutant; these datasets were heavily enriched in signaling components for multiple phytohormone pathways, including brassinosteroids (BRs), auxin, and jasmonic acid. Using BR signaling as a representative example, we showed that TCP8 directly binds and activates the promoters of the key BR transcriptional regulatory genes BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT2 (BZR2/BES1). Furthermore, tcp8 mutant seedlings exhibited altered BR-responsive growth patterns and complementary reductions in BZR2 transcript levels, while TCP8 protein demonstrated BR-responsive changes in subnuclear localization and transcriptional activity. We conclude that one explanation for the substantial targeting of TCP8 alongside other TCP family members by pathogen effectors may lie in its role as a modulator of BR and other plant hormone signaling pathways.
Rice co-expression network analysis identifies gene modules associated with agronomic traits
Authors: Zhang Yu , Han Ershang , Peng Yuming , Wang Yuzhou , Wang Yifan , Geng Zhenxing , Xu Yupu , Geng Haiying , Qian Yangwen , Ma Shisong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentifying trait-associated genes is critical for rice (Oryza sativa) improvement, which usually relies on map-based cloning, quantitative trait locus analysis, or genome-wide association studies. Here we show that trait-associated genes tend to form modules within rice gene co-expression networks, a feature that can be exploited to discover additional trait-associated genes using reverse genetics. We constructed a rice gene co-expression network based on the graphical Gaussian model using 8,456 RNA-seq transcriptomes, which assembled into 1,286 gene co-expression modules functioning in diverse pathways. A number of the modules were enriched with genes associated with agronomic traits, such as grain size, grain number, tiller number, grain quality, leaf angle, stem strength, and anthocyanin content, and these modules are considered to be trait-associated gene modules. These trait-associated gene modules can be used to dissect the genetic basis of rice agronomic traits and to facilitate the identification of trait genes. As an example, we identified a candidate gene, OCTOPUS-LIKE 1 (OsOPL1), a homolog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) OCTOPUS gene, from a grain size module and verified it as a regulator of grain size via functional studies. Thus, our network represents a valuable resource for studying trait-associated genes in rice.
The different effect of tongue motor task training (TTT) and strength training (ST) on the modulation of genioglossus corticomotor excitability and upper airway stability in rats
Authors: Li Wen-Yang , Jin Hongyu , Zou Ying , Huang Hong , Wei Zhijing , Kang Jian , Xue Yixue , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The mechanical efficiency of upper airway (UA) muscles are pivotal in maintaining UA stability. We aimed to investigate if different tongue training approaches could differently induce signs of neuroplastic in the corticomotor pathways and upper airway stability changes.

Methods
36 Sprague–Dawley rats were trained daily for eight weeks to lick an isotonic force-sensing disc at targeting forces using 30%–50% of maximal achieved lick force (MALF) for tongue task training (TTT) or targeting force set above 50%, 60%, and 70% of MALF progressively for tongue strength training (TST). Corticomotor excitability was dynamically assessed by GG response to transcortical magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different sessions. GG EMG activity, GG ultrastructure and myosin heavy chain (MHC), UA dynamics were assessed after eight weeks.

Results
After 4 weeks, GG TMS latencies decreased in both tongue training groups when compared with the control group (p &lt; .05) and this excitability was more stable in TTT group. After 8 weeks, both GG TMS response and EMG activity revealed increased excitability in TTT and TST groups. The apoptotic pathological morphology changes of GG ultrastructure were observed in TST group, but not TTT. Percentage of GG MHC type I fibers in TST group was higher than the control and TTT groups (p &lt; .05). The UA Pcrit decreased significantly in TTT group (p &lt; .05) and tend to decrease in TST group (p = .09).

Conclusion
TTT could improve the UA stability and induce the neuroplastic changes more efficiently without training-induced muscle injury, while TST revealed a fatigue-resistance change in GG.
ARPIP: Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction with Insertions and Deletions under the Poisson Indel Process
Authors: Jowkar Gholamhossein , Pečerska Jūlija , Maiolo Massimo , Gil Manuel , Anisimova Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Modern phylogenetic methods allow inference of ancestral molecular sequences given an alignment and phylogeny relating present-day sequences. This provides insight into the evolutionary history of molecules, helping to understand gene function and to study biological processes such as adaptation and convergent evolution across a variety of applications. Here, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm for fast joint likelihood-based reconstruction of ancestral sequences under the Poisson Indel Process (PIP). Unlike previous approaches, our method, named ARPIP, enables the reconstruction with insertions and deletions based on an explicit indel model. Consequently, inferred indel events have an explicit biological interpretation. Likelihood computation is achieved in linear time with respect to the number of sequences. Our method consists of two steps, namely finding the most probable indel points and reconstructing ancestral sequences. First, we find the most likely indel points and prune the phylogeny to reflect the insertion and deletion events per site. Second, we infer the ancestral states on the pruned subtree in a manner similar to FastML. We applied ARPIP (Ancestral Reconstruction under PIP) on simulated data sets and on real data from the Betacoronavirus genus. ARPIP reconstructs both the indel events and substitutions with a high degree of accuracy. Our method fares well when compared to established state-of-the-art methods such as FastML and PAML. Moreover, the method can be extended to explore both optimal and suboptimal reconstructions, include rate heterogeneity through time and more. We believe it will expand the range of novel applications of ancestral sequence reconstruction. [Ancestral sequences; dynamic programming; evolutionary stochastic process; indel; joint ancestral sequence reconstruction; maximum likelihood; Poisson Indel Process; phylogeny; SARS-CoV.]
Joint attention in infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder and the association with thalamic and hippocampal macrostructure
Authors: Montenegro Julia T P , Seguin Diane , Duerden Emma G 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Infants diagnosed with ASD can show impairments in spontaneous gaze-following and will seldom engage in joint attention (JA). The ability to initiate JA (IJA) can be more significantly impaired than the ability to respond to JA (RJA). In a longitudinal study, 101 infants who had a familial risk for ASD were enrolled (62% males). Participants completed magnetic resonance imaging scans at 4 or 6 months of age. Subcortical volumes (thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, ventral diencephalon, and cerebellum) were automatically extracted. Early gaze and JA behaviors were assessed with standardized measures. The majority of infants were IJA nonresponders (n = 93, 92%), and over half were RJA nonresponders (n = 50, 52%). In the nonresponder groups, models testing the association of subcortical volumes with later ASD diagnosis accounted for age, sex, and cerebral volumes. In the nonresponder IJA group, using regression method, the left hippocampus (B = −0.009, aOR = 0.991, P = 0.025), the right thalamus (B = −0.016, aOR = 0.984, P = 0.026), as well as the left thalamus (B = 0.015, aOR = 1.015, P = 0.019), predicted later ASD diagnosis. Alterations in thalamic and hippocampal macrostructure in at-risk infants who do not engage in IJA may reflect an enhanced vulnerability and may be the key predictors of later ASD development.