bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of remote monitoring and integrated platform for the evaluation of sleep quality in adult-onset idiopathic cervical dystonia
Authors: Bailey Grace A. , Matthews Clare , Szewczyk-krolikowski Konrad , Moore Peter , Komarzynski Sandra , Davies Elin Haf , Peall Kathryn J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Up to 70% of individuals diagnosed with adult-onset idiopathic focal cervical dystonia (AOIFCD) report difficulties with sleep. Larger cohort studies using wrist-worn accelerometer devices have emerged as an alternative to smaller polysomnography studies, in order to evaluate sleep architecture.

Methods
To measure activity during the sleep/wake cycle, individuals wore a consumer-grade wrist device (Garmin vivosmart 4) continuously over 7 days on their non-dominant wrist, while completing a daily sleep diary and standardised sleep and non-motor questionnaires via a dedicated app. Sleep measures were derived from the captured raw triaxial acceleration and heart rate values using previously published validated algorithms.

Results
Data were collected from 50 individuals diagnosed with AOIFCD and 47 age- and sex-matched controls. Those with AOIFCD self-reported significantly higher levels of excessive daytime sleepiness (p = 0.04) and impaired sleep quality (p = 0.03), while accelerometer measurements found the AOIFCD cohort to have significantly longer total sleep times (p = 0.004) and time spent in NREM sleep (p = 0.009), compared to controls. Overall, there was limited agreement between wearable-derived sleep parameters, and self-reported sleep diary and visual analogue scale records.

Discussion
This study shows the potential feasibility of using consumer-grade wearable devices in estimating sleep measures at scale in dystonia cohorts. Those diagnosed with AOIFCD were observed to have altered sleep architecture, notably longer total sleep time and NREM sleep, compared to controls. These findings suggest that previously reported disruptions to brainstem circuitry and serotonin neurotransmission may contribute to both motor and sleep pathophysiology.
Statistical framework to assess long-term spatio-temporal climate changes: East River mountainous watershed case study
Authors: Faybishenko B. , Arora B. , Dwivedi D. , Brodie E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvaluation of long-term temporal and spatial climatic change in mountainous regions is a critical challenge because of the interactive effects of multiple land and climatic factors and processes. Here we present the application of the statistical framework to the assessment of changes of climatic conditions, using data from 17 meteorological stations across the East River watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado, USA, and spanning the period from 1966 to 2021. The framework is developed based on (1) a time-series analysis of daily, monthly, and yearly averaged meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, etc.), (2) evaluation and time series analysis of potential evapotranspiration (ETo), actual evapotranspiration (ET), aridity index (AI), standard precipitation index (SPI) and standard precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and (3) a temporal-spatial climatic zonation of the studied area based on the hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis of the SPEI, because the SPEI can be considered an integrative characteristic of the changes of climatic conditions. The Budyko model, with the application of the Penman–Monteith equation for the estimation of ETo, was used to determine the ET. The time series analysis of the AI is used to identify the periods with energy limited and water limited conditions. Hierarchical clustering of site locations for the three temporal segments of the SPEI showed a significant temporal-spatial shifts, indicating that dynamic climatic processes drive zonation patterns. Therefore, the watershed climatic zonation requires periodic re-evaluation based on the structural time series analysis of meteorological and water balance data.
The importance of microbiota and terrestrial inflows in controlling seston C:N:P:O:Si:Ca:Mn:Mg:Fe:K:Na:Cl:S:Cu:Zn stoichiometry of a deep coastal fjord
Authors: Erga Svein Rune , Heldal Mikal , Prestegard Siv , Norland Svein , Tsagaraki Tatiana , Storesund Julia E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComprehensive fjord-systems represent major extensions of the coastline and are therefore important transfer zones of materials from land to ocean. Despite increased terrestrial inflows to fjords due to climate changes, we know little about the effects on the ecosystem, especially biogeochemical cycling. We present novel data on spatiotemporal variations of seston multielement stoichiometry in the Sognefjord, the second longest (204 km) and deepest (1308 m) fjord in the world, relative to environmental conditions and microbiota. Concentration of major elements was highest in the upper brackish layer whereas trace metals and minor elements were highest close to the bottom. Seasonally varying microbiota was an important part of the seston in surface waters. None of the seston C:N:P (molar) annual means at specific depths corresponded to the Redfield ratio (106:16:1). At 5 m, annual means of N/P and C/N were 8.4 and 6.5, respectively, while at depth (50–1220 m) N/P were on scale 3 times higher (21–31) and C/N 3 times lower (1.6–2.6), suggesting alternative N-sequestration mechanisms. Overall, correlations between C-Ca and C-S indicate a strong influence from calcite (CaCO3) and organosulfur producing microorganisms, while correlations between particulate Si and Mg–K–Ca–O at depth are consistent with clay and sinking diatom frustules. Mn concentrations increased strongly towards the bottom, likely from resuspension of MnO2 rich sediments and clay particles. Based on seston concentrations, we arrived at the following stoichiometric relationship: C55N16P1Si3.6Ca3.4O16Fe0.74Mn0.51Zn0.33S0.21Cu0.08Cl1.7Na0.68Mg0.71K0.37, although rarely measured, such information is a prerequisite for evaluating environmental impact on coastal ecosystems, biogeochemical cycling, pollution risk analysis and monitoring guidelines.
Effects of choice of baseline on the uncertainty of population and biodiversity indices
Authors: Knape Jonas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany monitoring programs provide annual indices of relative change over time in some quantitative measure of ecological status, such as population abundance or species richness. These indices are usually scaled relative to a reference year so that they represent change in ecological status compared to this particular year. An issue with this approach is that uncertainty about ecological status in the reference year can propagate into large uncertainty in all other index values. Taking instead the mean of the ecological status over several years as the reference—a reference period—may reduce uncertainty in indices. At present, this approach is not commonly used in practice. I quantitatively evaluate how the choice of reference period affects the uncertainty of two variants of population indices, either estimated independently each year or smoothed over several years, for 100 bird species using monitoring data. Short reference periods containing years early in the series lead to reduced uncertainty in independently estimated index values, but not in smoothed indices, compared to when using a single reference year. When a long reference period was used, uncertainty was substantially reduced for independently estimated annual indices in particular, but also for smoothed indices. An exception to the reduction in uncertainty with the length of the reference period was found when indices are constrained to be log-linear. Given an appropriate model and indices that are not strictly log-linear, using smoothing and/or reference the periods can be useful ways of reducing irrelevant uncertainty in the presentation of indices.
Skewness expectations and portfolio choice
Authors: Drerup Tilman H. , Wibral Matthias , Zimpelmann Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany models of investor behavior predict that investors prefer assets that they believe to have positively skewed return distributions. We elicit detailed return expectations for a broad index fund and a single stock in a representative sample of the Dutch population. The data show substantial heterogeneity in individuals’ skewness expectations of which only very little is captured by sociodemographics. Across assets, most respondents expect a higher variance and skewness for the individual stock compared to the index fund. Portfolio allocations increase with the skewness of respondents’ return expectations for the respective asset, controlling for other moments of a respondent’s expectations.
Historical Approach and Scale Reconstruction of Two Medieval Mechanisms from “The Book of Secrets”
Authors: Medina-Sánchez G. , Moreno-Buesa J. , Dorado-Vicente R. , López-García R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract“The Book of Secrets in the Results of Ideas”, usually called “The Book of Secrets” is a codex containing drawings and descriptions of thirty-one artifacts attributed to the engineer Alī Ibn Khalaf al-Murādī, who lived in Andalusia in southern Spain at the beginning of the 11th century. This manuscript is one of the first written testimonies that describe medieval mechanisms with complex precision. The aim of this work is to reconstruct and study from a historical and technological point of view two of the ancient artifacts contained in the “Book of Secrets”, the “Fortress Demolisher” and the “Magic Well”. The “Fortress Demolisher” is a war machine designed to demolish the upper part of the walls or towers and consists of a battering ram mounted on a platform that can be raised several meters above the ground using a scissor mechanism. The “Magic Well” is a mechanism with several pulleys whose purpose is to raise water several meters from the bottom of a well by collecting a small portion of rope. To reconstruct the two artifacts, a digital model and a detailed study of the geometry and operation of the mechanisms, were first carried out. 3D printing, using the Fused Deposition Modelling technology, made the physical reproduction. The digitization and physical reproduction by 3D printing of the mechanisms represent an update of the traditional ways of transmitting knowledge. The use of these new technologies makes the knowledge more accessible, understandable and attractive.
Hydrometeorological Extreme Events in West Africa: Droughts
Authors: Dibi-Anoh Pauline A. , Koné Moussa , Gerdener Helena , Kusche Jürgen , N’Da Christophe K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWest African rainfall is an important part of the global climate system that influences the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, hurricane activities, and dust transport. The water cycle is linked to the monsoon and its interannual to decadal variations. Over the past decades, West Africa has seen major climate variability with extended droughts that had negative effects during the 1970s and 1980s. Indeed, when it is too scarce, rain causes shortages, reduces agricultural yields, and leads to migrations. On the other hand, when it is too abundant, it causes catastrophic floods and poses threats to populations, water resources as well as natural and farmlands. In this paper, drought is considered as part of climate-related hazards and one of the main hydrometeorological extreme events occurring in West Africa. The exposure to drought has made the region more vulnerable. Thus, two sites, namely the Niger river basin and the Bandama watershed (Côte d’Ivoire), are studied in this paper to review and analyze the weather and climate extreme events that affect vast areas of West Africa. Grounded in remote sensing, statistical, and socio-anthropological approaches, this work first reviews drought as observed from space; then assesses rainfall and evapotranspiration between 1970 and 2013 as indicators of risks of water resources scarcity in the hydro-system of the Bandama river in Côte d'Ivoire. The results reveal that the West African region is highly vulnerable to this hydrometeorological extreme event with heavy impacts on people and the economy due to a large dependency on rainfed agriculture. Thus, planning and management of drought require a change of paradigm. In addition, more comprehensive studies on hydrometeorological extreme events are necessary and policies must be better designed to significantly improve the tackling of droughts with better mitigation strategies.
Risk factors for the development of premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Lavallaz Jeanne du Fay , Mézier Julien , Mertz Lara , Mannhart Diego , Serban Teodor , Knecht Sven , Abid Qurrat-ul-ain , Nguyen Tai Tri , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian , Huang Henry , Gold Michael R. , Badertscher Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are a potentially reversible cause of heart failure. However, the characteristics of patients most likely to develop impaired left ventricular function are unclear. Hence, the objective of this study is to systematically assess risk factors for the development of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods
We performed a structured database search of the scientific literature for studies investigating risk factors for the development of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM). We investigated the reporting of PVC-CM risk factors (RF) and assessed the comparative association of the different RF using random-effect meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 26 studies (9 prospective and 17 retrospective studies) involving 16,764,641 patients were analyzed (mean age 55 years, 58% women, mean PVC burden 17%). Eleven RF were suitable for quantitative analysis (≥ 3 occurrences in multivariable model assessing a binary change in left ventricular (LV) function). Among these, age (OR 1.02 per increase in the year of age, 95% CI [1.01, 1.02]), the presence of symptoms (OR 0.18, 95% CI [0.05, 0.64]), non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (VT) (OR 3.01, 95% CI [1.39, 6.50]), LV origin (OR 2.20, 95% CI [1.14, 4.23]), epicardial origin (OR 4.72, 95% CI [1.81, 12.34]), the presence of interpolation (OR 4.93, 95% CI [1.66, 14.69]), PVC duration (OR 1.05 per ms increase in QRS-PVC duration [1.004; 1.096]), and PVC burden (OR 1.06, 95% CI [1.04, 1.08]) were all significantly associated with PVC-CM.

Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, the most consistent risk factors for PVC-CM were age, non-sustained VT, LV, epicardial origin, interpolation, and PVC burden, whereas the presence of symptoms significantly reduced the risk. These findings help tailor stringent follow-up of patients presenting with frequent PVCs and normal LV function.
Self-Compassion as a Means to Improve Job-Related Well-Being in Academia
Authors: Dreisoerner Aljoscha , Klaic Anamarija , van Dick Rolf , Junker Nina M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWorking in academia entails many challenges including rejections by journals, competition for funding or jobs, and uncertain job outlooks (for non-tenure staff), which can result in poor mental health and well-being. Previous studies have suggested self-compassion as a resource for mental health and well-being, but to date no study has been published that has tested interventions targeting self-compassion in academia. In this weekly diary study, 317 academics from Germany, Switzerland, and the US were asked to recall a negative event and were then randomly assigned to either a self-compassionate writing intervention, a three good things intervention, or an active control intervention, respectively. They also completed two surveys on four consecutive Thursdays measuring state positive and negative affect and job-related well-being (i.e., job satisfaction and work engagement). Using multi-level regression modelling, results showed that participants in the self-compassion condition reported more job satisfaction and work engagement due to experiencing less negative affect. Academics in the three good things condition showed no such effects. Results indicated that self-compassion in academia is a resource that enables emotion-oriented coping during difficult times or in challenging situations that may benefit academics’ job-related well-being. The study highlights both the importance of discussing well-being in academia and ways to strengthen it.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of Mexican spotted owl habitat in the southwestern US
Authors: Jones Gavin M. , Shirk Andrew J. , Yang Zhiqiang , Davis Raymond J. , Ganey Joseph L. , Gutiérrez R. J. , Healey Sean P. , Hedwall Shaula J. , Hoagland Serra J. , Maes Ron , Malcolm Karl , McKelvey Kevin S. , Sanderlin Jamie S. , Schwartz Michael K. , Seamans Mark E. , Wan Ho Yi , Cushman Samuel A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Context
Understanding habitat dynamics is essential for effective conservation as landscapes rapidly change. In a companion paper in this issue, Shirk et al. (2023) introduced an automated habitat monitoring system using Google Earth Engine and applied this framework to develop a dynamic model of Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) habitat across the southwestern US from 1986 to 2020.

Objectives
We explored the application of this dynamic model of Mexican spotted owl habitat in the context of the species’ ecology.

Methods
We evaluated environmental correlates of Mexican spotted owl habitat, assessed potential spatial non-stationarity in habitat selection, estimated long-term trends in habitat by quantifying changes in habitat amount and quality between 1986 and 2020, and evaluated the extent to which habitat changes over the past 35 years have been driven by wildfire.

Results
Topography and climate appeared to outweigh reflectance-based (vegetation) metrics in describing Mexican spotted owl habitat and habitat selection was non-stationary across modeling sub-regions. Total habitat area for Mexican spotted owls declined by ~ 21% since 1986 (0.6% annually), but trends varied spatially and some even reversed over the past decade. Wildfire was responsible for between 8 and 35% of total habitat loss, depending on the sub-region considered.

Conclusions
The automated habitat monitoring system allowed trend estimation and accurate assessment of current habitat status for Mexican spotted owls; maps were accurate, spatially detailed, and current. The ability to continually produce accurate maps for large land areas for threatened species such as the Mexican spotted owl facilitates science-based land management on public lands in the southwestern US.
Course characteristics influencing students’ oral participation in higher education
Authors: Mundt Elisabeth , Hänze Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany teachers strive for lively student participation in class. This field study examined aspects of learning environments in higher education with regard to their connection with students’ oral engagement. Overall, six factors that might increase or decrease oral participation were investigated: the number of teacher questions, course atmosphere, level of demand, student preparation (e.g., through homework), class size, and subject discipline. The sample consisted of 80 courses of diverse disciplines at a public university in Germany; variables were measured by trained observers as well as by the attending students. Student oral participation was indicated by the number of student questions, the number of student contributions, and an engagement rate denoting the breadth of participation in a course. Three multiple regression analyses revealed a differentiated pattern of results: Whereas the number of student questions increased with the level of demand and a positive course atmosphere, the number of contributions and the breadth of participation were both closely linked to the number of teacher questions posed, but were also influenced by student preparation, level of demand, and the teaching culture of the subject discipline. Class size did not have a significant effect on any of the three participation measures. With respect to empirical research on student participation, the study shows the necessity for a differential approach and the consideration of teachers’ interactive behaviour. Regarding the design of learning environments and the manner of teaching, three implications for practitioners are to ask questions, to be friendly, and to assign homework.
Temperatures in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from O2 Atmospheric Band Emission Observed by ICON/MIGHTI
Authors: Stevens M. H. , Englert C. R. , Harlander J. M. , Marr K. D. , Harding B. J. , Triplett C. C. , Mlynczak M. G. , Yuan T. , Evans J. S. , Mende S. B. , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) was launched aboard NASA’s Ionospheric Connection (ICON) Explorer satellite in October 2019 to measure winds and temperatures on the limb in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Temperatures are observed using the molecular oxygen atmospheric band near 763 nm from 90–127 km altitude in the daytime and 90–108 km in the nighttime. Here we describe the measurement approach and methodology of the temperature retrieval, including unique on-orbit operations that allow for a better understanding of the instrument response. The MIGHTI measurement approach for temperatures is distinguished by concurrent observations from two different sensors, allowing for two self-consistent temperature products. We compare the MIGHTI temperatures against existing MLT space-borne and ground-based observations. The MIGHTI temperatures are within 7 K of these observations on average from 90–95 km throughout the day and night. In the daytime on average from 99–105 km, MIGHTI temperatures are higher than coincident observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on NASA’s TIMED satellite by 18 K. Because the difference between the MIGHTI and SABER observations is predominantly a constant bias at a given altitude, conclusions of scientific analyses that are based on temperature variations are largely unaffected.