bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro evaluation of dental color stability using various esthetic restorative materials after immersion in different drinks
Authors: Faris Tavga Mustafa , Abdulrahim Rukhosh Hasan , Mahmood Mohammed Abdullah , Mhammed Gollshang Ahmed , Hamakareem Sarhang Sarwat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Currently, the demands for restorations have increased considerably; thus, improvements and modifications have been made in dental composite technologies especially using materials that have claimed to improve color stability.
Objective
This study aimed to determine the effect of restorative materials on dental color stability in vitro using various solutions.
Methods
In this study, the study samples were composed of 45 discs from different restorative materials (15 micro-hybrids, 15 nano-hybrids, and 15 glass ionomers). These discs were immersed in various beverages an hour a day for one month at room temperature. The color stability was measured using a spectrophotometer before/after immersion (days 7 and 30).
Results
We realized a significant difference in color change with Coca-Cola and tea after 7 days and 30 days (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in the samples immersed in DM after seven days and 30 days (p > 0.05) was found. The highest value of lightness (∆L), and stainability (∆a) was seen in micro-hybrid after 30 days of immersion in tea solution (-12.16 ± 1.74 and 11.4 ± 3.82, respectively), while most samples had a positive ∆b value.
Conclusion
The black-tea affected the color stability of all used restorative materials after one month. In addition, micro-hybrid had higher color stability than nano-hybrid and glass ionomer.
The testing of skydiving equipment in the context of global warming and its impact on the vertical rate of the parachute descent
Authors: Kalavsky Peter , Rozenberg Robert , Tobisova Alica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change has impacts on various areas of our lives. The aim of the article is to point out the impact of climate change in a very specific area, namely in the field of skydiving. The article is devoted to the issue of increasing the vertical speed of parachutes due to global warming and the impact of this increased speed on the overload acting on the human body during landing. This issue is a key stage in testing equipment for the skydiving and also for the paragliding and for the parachute rescue of flight crews. For these purposes, the vertical speed of the selected parachute was determined by means of test jumps using the classical method of measuring the vertical speed of parachutes. The article presents the theoretical basis of this method, the measurement methodology itself and the results of verification measurements (testing parachute jumps). Part of the article is the analysis of influencing factors and quantification of their impact on the accuracy of measuring the vertical speed of the parachute using this method. The experimental data thus obtained are then used to quantify the effect of temperature change on the rate of descent of the parachute and on the overload acting on the human body during the landing with the parachute in the context of global warming.
Association between healthy sleep patterns and depressive trajectories among college students: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dan Zhang , Qu Yang , Zhai Shuang , Li Tingting , Xie Yang , Tao Shuman , Zou Liwei , Tao Fangbiao , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to identify different develpment trajectories of depression symptoms during college period, and prospectively investigate the associations healthy sleep patterns with trajectories of depression symptoms among college students from freshman through junior year.
Methods: A total of 999 participants from the College Student Behavior and Health Cohort Study were included between April 2019 and June 2021. Healthy sleep patterns were defined by chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. Latent growth curve model was used to identify trajectories of depression symptoms. Then binary logistic regression was used to examine association of the healthy sleep patterns with these trajectories.
Results:In baseline survey, we found that a total of 100 (10.0%) participants had healthy sleep patterns’score equal to 5. Then, we used 5 surveys’data to identify 2 distinct trajectories of depression symptoms during college (decreasing: 82.5%; increasing: 17.5%). The healthy sleep patterns were associated with these trajectories, the better healthy sleep patterns significantly decrease the risk of increasing trajectories of depression symptoms in males (OR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54~0.97, P=0.031). Moreover, we found out that the healthy sleep patterns of college students can predict the future depressive symptoms in this study (all P<0.001).
Conclusion:Our findings indicate that the better healthy sleep patterns may significantly decrease the risk of increasing trajectory of depression symptoms only in male college students. The results speak to a need for college student with depression symptoms to identify and address sleep problems when present, which could prevent or reduce depression detriments in later life.
Protective effects of the postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MD35 on bone loss in an ovariectomized mice model
Authors: Myeong Ju-Yeong , Jung Hye-Yeon , Chae Hyo-Seok , Cho Hyang Hyun , Kim Don-Kyu , Jang You-Jee , Park Jae-Il 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by estrogen deficiency; it impairs the homeostatic balance of the bone, resulting in bone loss owing to increased osteoclastic resorption without a corresponding increase in osteoblastic activity. Postbiotics have several pharmaceutical properties, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporotic activities. However, the beneficial effects of postbiotic MD35 of Lactobacillus plantarum on bone have not been studied. In this study, we demonstrated that the postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MD35, isolated from young radish water kimchi influenced osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) culture. In addition, it was effective in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In BMM cells, postbiotic MD35 inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation by significantly suppressing resorption activity and downregulating the expression of RANKL-mediated osteoclast-related genes; this was achieved by attenuating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase. In the animal model, the oral administration of postbiotic MD35 remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and alleviated the destruction of femoral plate growth. Therefore, postbiotic MD35 could be a potential therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of osteoclast-related molecular mechanisms.
Are percentages of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) suitable for prescribing resistance exercise in cancer survivors? - Comparability and prediction accuracy of frequently used 1-RM testing procedures
Authors: Schneider Justine , Schlüter Kathrin , Rosenberger Friederike , Wiskemann Joachim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To prescribe resistance training (RT) using percentages of (%) maximal strength (Smax), it is prerequisite that (I) methods for testing Smax are valid and (II) the relationship between %Smax and the corresponding number of repetitions (NOR) is known. This has never been investigated in cancer survivors (CS) and was the purpose of the present study.
Methods
Twenty breast (58 ± 10y) and 20 prostate CS (68 ± 6y), 3.6 ± 2.4 months after primary therapy, completed one one-repetition maximum (1-RM) test, one hypothetical 1-RM (h1-RM) test and three RT sessions (three sets at six different strength machines (SM)). H1-RM was calculated using two commonly used equations (after Brzycki and Epley), resulting in three Smax values for each SM, which were then compared to each other (1-RM as a reference). Each RT session was performed at a different intensity (92%, 69% and 47% of 1-RM/h1-RM). CS performed repetitions to fatigue and the resulting NOR were compared to the predicted NOR.
Results
Smax values differed between 1-RM and h1-RM values for each SM and between h1-RM values for some SM. Differences between performed and predicted NOR occurred among all intensities and methods.
Conclusion
Different strength tests yield different results for Smax and a certain %1-RM/h1-RM does not necessarily correspond to a specific NOR in all individuals, which questions the use of (I) h1-RM tests for determining Smax and (II) prescribing RT intensities based on %1-RM/h1-RM which is still the most common method used for RT intensity prescription in healthy individuals and patient populations, including CS.
Evaluation of Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization and Cost of Illness for Sickle Cell Disease in Ghana: A Private Medical Insurance Claims Database Study
Authors: Marfo Kwaku , Dei-Adomakoh Yvonne , Segbefia Catherine , Dwomoh Duah , Edgal Adeline , Ampah Nancy , Ramachandrachar Badarinath , Subramanyam Kumaresan , Natarajan Ashok , Egbujo Olufolake , Ataga Kenneth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for nearly 75% of the global disease burden. The current analysis evaluated patient characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization and associated costs in patients with SCD, based on a Private Medical Insurance Database in Ghana. Methods This retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted using a e-claims database from Ghana (01 January 2015 to 31 March 2021). Patients were stratified by age (0 month to < 2 years, ≥ 2 years to ˂6 years, ≥ 6 years to < 12 years, ≥ 12 years to < 16 years; ≥16 years) and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (< 1, ≥ 1 to < 3, and ≥ 3 per year). Results The study included 2,863 patients (mean age: 20.1 years; Min age: 0; Max age: 83; females 56.1%). Overall, 52.2% (n = 1,495) of SCD patients were ≥ 16 years and 17.0% (n = 486) were in the ≥ 2 to ˂6-years age group. The majority of patients aged ≥ 16 years (62.5%) in the database did not have reported VOC episodes while 35.9% of patients had 1 to 3 VOC episodes per year during the follow-up period. Consultation-based prevalence of SCD was 0.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0%-1.3%] − 1.4% [CI: 0.6%-2.2%]. Malaria, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and sepsis were the common complications of SCD. Analgesics were the most frequently prescribed medications followed by anti-infectives, hematinics, and antimalarials. SCD patients had median cost incurred for consultation/hospital services of $11.3 (Interquartile range [IQR] $6.2 - $27.2). For patients with VOC, maximum median cost was incurred for medications ($10.9 [IQR $5.0-$32.6]). Overall median healthcare cost was highest for individuals with ≥ 3 VOCs per year ($166.8 [IQR $70.3-$223.5]). Conclusion SCD imposes a significant healthcare burden in Ghana, especially in patients with VOC. There is a need for reimbursed treatment options that could reduce the long-term burden associated with SCD and VOC.
Introducing or removing heparan sulfate binding sites does not alter brain uptake of the blood-brain barrier shuttle scFv8D3
Authors: Rosa Andres de la , Metzendorf Nicole G. , Morrison Jamie I. , Faresjö Rebecca , Rofo Fadi , Petrovic Alex , O’Callaghan Paul , Syvänen Stina , Hultqvist Greta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the delivery of protein-based drugs into the brain and is a major obstacle for the treatment of brain disorders. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) is a strategy for transporting protein-based drugs into the brain, which can be utilized by using TfR-binding BBB transporters, such as the TfR-binding antibody 8D3. In this current study, we investigated if binding to heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the brain uptake of a single chain fragment variable of 8D3 (scFv8D3). We designed and produced a scFv8D3 mutant, engineered with additional HS binding sites, HS(+)scFv8D3, to assess whether increased HS binding would improve brain uptake. Additionally, a mutant with a reduced number of HS binding sites, HS(-)scFv8D3, was also engineered to see if reducing the HS binding sites could also affect brain uptake. Heparin column chromatography showed that only the HS(+)scFv8D3 mutant bound HS in the experimental conditions.Ex vivoresults showed that the brain uptake was unaffected by the introduction or removal of HS binding sites, which indicates that scFv8D3 is not dependent on the HS binding sites for brain uptake. Conversely, introducing HS binding sites to scFv8D3 decreased its renal excretion while removing them had the opposite effect.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SAUR gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)
Authors: Ma Xiaoqian , Dai Shutao , Qin Na , Zhu Cancan , Qin Jiafan , Li Junxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Auxin performs important functions in plant growth and development processes, as well as abiotic stress. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) is the largest gene family of auxin-responsive factors. However, the knowledge of the SAUR gene family in foxtail millet is largely obscure.
Results
In the current study, 72 SiSAUR genes were identified and renamed according to their chromosomal distribution in the foxtail millet genome. These SiSAUR genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes and were classified into three groups through phylogenetic tree analysis. Most of the SiSAUR members from the same group showed similar gene structure and motif composition characteristics. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that many hormone and stress response elements were identified in the promoter region of SiSAURs. Gene replication analysis revealed that many SiSAUR genes were derived from gene duplication events. We also found that the expression of 10 SiSAURs was induced by abiotic stress and exogenous hormones, which indicated that SiSAUR genes may participated in complex physiological processes.
Conclusions
Overall, these results will be valuable for further studies on the biological role of SAUR genes in foxtail development and response to stress conditions and may shed light on the improvement of the genetic breeding of foxtail millet.
Automated Early-stage Enterobius vermicularis diagnosis using segmentation model applied to the deep learning method
Authors: Mirzaei Omid , Guler Emrah , Akkaya Nurullah , Bilgehan Bülent , Suer Kaya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infectious disease is small in size and needs careful analysis. This disease is usually seen in children and causes serious damage if early signs are not detected. Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common helminth infections in the world. Humans are the only natural host of this parasitic disease. living in crowded environments is a risk factor for transmission. In this study, the deep learning method was applied to the small-scale pinworm disease that could be overlooked with a bare eye examination. The deep learning method(ResU-Net and U-Net) is trained with 365 Images to have high accuracy detection of the infection. The method was tested with 56 Images and the highest achievement dice score was 0.95%. This work has a unique future based on a segmentation mask that produces immediate visualization. The method is superior to the existing models. The segmentation mask method produces less error compared with the classical methods and uses less human resources, time and cost.
Porous activated carbon derived from natural waste honeycomb and paper wasp hive and its application in quasi-solid-state supercapacitor
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Nath Gaurav , Singh Pramod K. , Yahya M. Z.A , Savilov Serguei V. , Kakroo Sunanda , farid Aalia , Khan Marium , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Singh Abhimanyu , Singh Manoj K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPorous activated carbons are derived from natural waste honeycomb (HC) and paper wasps hive (PW) via carbonization and chemical activation. Both the activated carbons are characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and Raman studies. Both of them offered approximately the same BET surface area, but different pore structure confirmed by SEM images. The HC-based activated carbon offers a higher degree of disorder compared to PWAC which is confirmed by Raman studies. Two EDLC cells are fabricated using ionic liquid incorporated GPE (PVdF-HFP/ EMImTCM) and activated carbons electrodes (HCAC and PWAC). The EDLC cells are characterized using electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The PWAC-based EDLC cell (Cell#2) has been offered large specific capacitance ~ 88 F g− 1in comparison to HCAC- based EDLC cell (Cell#1) ~ 66 F g− 1. Initial performance of Cell#2 is high due to the micropore nature of PW-based activated carbon as compared to HC-based activated carbon, and its value decreases after certain cycles confirmed by cycling tests. The Cell#1 (HCAC) is offered high-rate performance as compared to Cell#2 (PWAC) which is revealed by EIS studies. It is further confirmed by CV studies that CV profiles of Cell#1 are more rectangular as compared to Cell#2. The voltage range of both cells are optimized and found to be 1.0 V. The cycle performance of both cells was tested and found that Cell#1 is more stable (~ 78% of initial capacitance) as compared to Cell#2 in 2000 cycles.
Arthroscopic treatment of unstable scaphoid fracture and nonunion with two headless compression screws and distal radius bone graft
Authors: Cheng Cong , Jiang Zongyuan , Sun Haoran , Hu Jiaping , Ouyang Yanggang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The treatment of unstable scaphoid fracture and nonunion remains a challenging problem for hand surgeons. Minimally invasive treatment have become the preferred method of treatment. We present an arthroscopic technique with two headless compression screws (HCS) fixation and distal radius bone grafting for the treatment of unstable scaphoid fracture and nonunion, aiming to evaluate its clinical and radiological outcomes.
Purpose
This study aims to introduce the arthroscopic technique with two headless compression screws fixation and distal radius bone grafting for the treatment of unstable scaphoid fracture and nonunion, aiming to evaluate its clinical and radiological outcomes.
Methods
It was a retrospective study. From January 2019 to February 2021, a total of 23 patients were included in the current study. Among them, 13 patients with unstable scaphoid fracture underwent arthroscopic treatment with two HCS; 10 patients with scaphoid nonunion underwent arthroscopic treatment with two HCS and a distal radius bone graft. The range of motion (ROM) of the wrist, visual analog scale (VAS), grip strength, the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score, and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were collected at preoperatively and the final follow-up. a Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the wrist was performed on each patient to analyzed for union and postoperative osteoarthritis during the follow-up period.
Results
Significant improvement was only observed in wrist extension. Clinical outcomes including grip strength, VAS pain score, MMWS, PRWE score, and DASH score were significantly improved at final follow-up. In the subgroup analysis, both patients stabilized with either two HCS or a distal radius bone graft and two HCS have improved clinical outcomes after surgery, respectively. All patients achieved union. No screw fixation failure occurred, and no other postoperative complication was observed in any of the patients.
Conclusions
The arthroscopic technique with two HCS fixation and distal radius bone grafting is a reliable and effective technique for the treatment of unstable scaphoid fracture and nonunion, providing satisfactory union rates and clinical outcomes.
Molecular and Structural Comparisons of C3 Cotyledons with C4 Leaves in Species of Salsoloideae (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Ceylan Faik , Cömertpay Sabahattin , Kocacinar Ferit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractC4plants had evolved from C3as a response to decreasing atmospheric CO2levels and conditions promoting photorespiration. C4plants evolved from C3ancestors at least in more than 60 independent lineages of angiosperms for suppressing of photorespiration.Salsola,PetrosimoniaandCyathobasisgenera of Salsoloideae subfamily contain some species with C3cotyledons followed by C4leaves. The aim of this study was to compare the biochemical and structural differences between C3cotyledons and C4leaves in these genera. The results showed that there were dorsiventral C3cotyledons inSalsola grandisandCyathobasis fruticulosa, while salsoloid type C4Kranz anatomy was present in mature leaves.Petrosimonia nigdeensishad isobilateral C3cotyledons and a salsoloid type C4leaves. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) enzymes were absent or sparse in cotyledons of these species, whereas they were abundant in their C4leaves. Glycolate oxidase (GOX) and glycine decarboxylase- H subunit (GDC-H) were generally higher in cotyledons than leaves. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) enzyme content was lower in C4leaves compared to C3cotyledons. Transcript levels of these enzymes were generally consistent with their protein content except for GOX inS. grandisandS. tragus, and glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) inS. tragus. As a result, we demonstrate that not only the protein amounts and transcript levels of the enzymes required in C4pathway increased but also the levels of C3and photorespiratory enzymes were lowered during transition from C3cotyledons into C4leaves. These results are important in terms of shedding light on understanding of evolutionary transition from C3to C4biochemical pathway in a single plant and contributing to C4engineering.