bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Post-extubation Stridor in Infants With Cuffed vs. Uncuffed Endotracheal Tube: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Bibl Katharina , Pracher Lena , Küng Erik , Wagner Michael , Roesner Imme , Berger Angelika , Hermon Michael , Werther Tobias 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundEndotracheal intubation is a common procedure in Neonatal Intensive Care. While cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) are the standard of care in adults and children, their use in infants is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of post-extubation stridor between uncuffed and cuffed ETTs in infants. We further evaluated the safety of cuffed ETTs in infants with a bodyweight between 2 and 3 kg and performed baseline analysis on development of subglottic stenosis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we screened all infants admitted to two NICUs of the Medical University of Vienna between 2012 and 2019.The study cohort was screened twice: In the first screening we selected all infants who underwent the first intubation when attaining a bodyweight &gt;2 kg (but &lt;6 kg) to analyze the incidence of post-extubation stridor and only considered the first intubation of each included infant. Post-extubation stridor was defined as the administration of either epinephrine aerosol or any corticosteroid within 6 h post-extubation. In the second screening we searched for all infants diagnosed with acquired severe subglottic stenosis during the study period regardless their bodyweight and numbers of intubations.ResultsA total of 389 infants received at least one intubation during the study period. After excluding infants who underwent the first intubation below a bodyweight of 2 kg, 271 infants remained for final analysis with an average gestational age of 38.7 weeks at the time of intubation. Among those, 92 (33.9%) were intubated with a cuffed and 179 (66.1%) with an uncuffed ETT. Seven infants (2.6%) developed a clinically significant stridor: five of those were intubated with a cuffed and two with an uncuffed ETT (71.4 vs. 28.6%, p = 0.053). All of them had a bodyweight &gt;3 kg at the time of intubation. Infants who developed subglottic stenosis were more often intubated with an uncuffed ETT.ConclusionIn this study, no difference in the incidence of post-extubation stridor between cuffed and uncuffed ETTs in infants with a bodyweight from 2 to 6 kg could be found. The use of uncuffed ETTs does not exhibit higher risk for the acquired subglottic stenosis in this cohort.
Practice Change Needed for the Identification of Pediatric Hypertension in Marginalized Populations: An Example From South Africa
Authors: Arnaiz Patricia , Müller Ivan , Seelig Harald , Gerber Markus , Bosma Jacob , Dolley Danielle , Adams Larissa , Degen Jan , Gall Stefanie , Joubert Nandi , Nienaber Madeleine , Nqweniso Siphesihle , Aerts Ann , Steinmann Peter , Randt Rosa du , Walter Cheryl , Utzinger Jürg , Pühse Uwe 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:Hypertension in children has increased globally over the past 20 years; yet, little is known about this issue among disadvantaged communities from low- and middle-income countries. Age-, sex-, and height-adjusted normative tables are the “gold” standard for the diagnosis and estimation of pediatric hypertension worldwide, but it is unclear whether the use of international standards is appropriate for all contexts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare different international references to identify hypertension among South African school-aged children from disadvantaged communities.MethodsBlood pressure, weight, and height were measured in a cohort of 897 children aged 8–16 years from eight peri-urban schools in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Cross-sectional prevalence of hypertension was calculated according to American, German, and global normative tables, as well as pseudo-normative data from the own study population. Isolated systolic hypertension and body mass index (BMI) were considered markers for cardiovascular disease. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the likelihood of blood pressure categorization with increasing BMI levels.ResultsHypertension prevalence ranged from 11.4% with the pseudo-normative study tables to 28.8% based on the German reference. Global guidelines showed the highest agreement both among international standards (92.5% with American guidelines) and with the study reference (72.5%). While the global and the American references presented higher systolic over diastolic hypertension rates (23.6 vs. 10.6% and 24.2 vs. 14.7%, respectively), the American guidelines predicted the highest increased risk for hypertension stage 2 [odds ratio, 1.72 (95% confidence interval: 1.43–2.07)] with raising levels of BMI.ConclusionOur results support the heterogeneity of blood pressure estimates found in the South African literature, and highlight the underrepresentation of African children in international guidelines. We call for caution in the use of international standards in different contexts and advocate for the development of normative tables that are representative of the South African pediatric population necessary to ensure an accurate identification of hypertension both from the clinical and epidemiological perspective.
Measurement Uncertainty of Highly Asymmetrically Curved Elliptical Mirrors Using Multi-Pitch Slope Stitching Technique
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Polack François , Nicolas Josep , Nakhoda Kashmira , Idir Mourad 
Published: May 2022

Soft X-ray off-axis elliptical mirrors bring new challenges for X-ray mirror metrology. These highly asymmetrically curved elliptical cylindrical mirrors with a total slope range &gt;10 mrad are extremely challenging to measure. Their total slope range exceeds the measuring range of most angular sensors used for X-ray mirror inspection. To overcome this problem, it is possible to stitch partial slope data by measuring the mirror at different pitch angles (multi-pitch angles). By revisiting the theory of the multi-pitch Nano-accuracy Surface Profiler (NSP), we derive the sampling position error on the mirror surface as a function of the mirror height profile and the measurement error of the pitch rotation center. When measuring “extreme”, highly asymmetrically curved, elliptical mirrors, the calculation of the mirror height profile with iterative reconstruction outperforms the classical “flat assumption” (i.e., assuming that the mirror sag is negligible). As demonstrated by our simulations, a proper tolerance evaluation on the measurement of pitch rotation center is needed to assess the measurement accuracy (systematic error) for these strongly aspherical mirrors using the multi-pitch NSP technique. Taking a real design of an “extreme” elliptical mirror as a case study, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to mimic the measurement and characterization process to analyze the impact of several error sources. With the measurement uncertainty of the pitch rotation center, the multi-pitch NSP measurement can estimate the grazing angle θ and the chief ray location xo with their uncertainties, as well as the slope residuals.
Assessing Naltrexone Prescribing and Barriers to Initiation for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Multidisciplinary, Multisite Survey
Authors: Leung Jonathan G. , Narayanan Prasanna P. , Markota Matej , Miller Nathaniel E. , Philbrick Kemuel L. , Burton M. Caroline , Kirchoff Robert W. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo survey barriers in prescribing naltrexone for alcohol use disorder.MethodsA 12-question survey related to naltrexone prescribing patterns, perceptions, and knowledge was sent to 770 prescribers in the departments of internal medicine, family medicine, and psychiatry across a health system with sites in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota.ResultsResponses were obtained and included for 146/770 prescribers (19.0% response rate). Most respondents were in the department of internal medicine (n = 94, 64.4%), but the departments of psychiatry (n = 22, 15.1%) and family medicine (n = 30, 20.5%) were also represented. Only 34 (23.3%) respondents indicated they had prescribed naltrexone in the previous 3 months. The most common reasons for not prescribing naltrexone were “unfamiliarity with naltrexone for treatment of alcohol use disorder” and “patients do not have appropriate follow-up or are not in a formal treatment program.” Compared with those representing internal/family medicine, psychiatry respondents were more likely to prescribe naltrexone and answer knowledge questions correctly.ConclusionIn this survey among primarily non-addiction-trained prescribers, a disparity was shown for prescribing naltrexone and in knowledge barriers between staff in internal/family medicine and psychiatry. There exist opportunities for education and quality improvement that promote the prescribing of naltrexone for alcohol use disorder by non-addiction specialists.
Factors Associated With the Vaccination Behavior Among COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitant College Students in Wuhan, China: A Survey Based on Social Psychological Dimension
Authors: Xiong Yifan , Zhao Ying , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Qi , Liu Jun-an 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy (VH) on COVID-19 vaccination still exists in different populations, which has a negative impact on epidemic prevention and control. The objectives were to explore college students' willingness to vaccinate, determine the factors influencing the vaccination behavior of students with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and provide a basis for improving the compliance of college students with COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsThe universities in Wuhan are categorized into three levels according to their comprehensive strength and randomly sampled at each level, of which ten universities were selected. A self-designed anonymous electronic questionnaire was distributed online from May 12 to 31, 2021 to investigate the hesitancy, vaccination status, and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among college students in Wuhan.ResultsOf the 1,617 participants (1,825 students received the electronic questionnaire) surveyed, 19.0% reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Among the vaccine-hesitant students, 40.1% were vaccinated against COVID-19. The binary logistic regression analysis shows that families' attitudes “Uncertain” (odds ratio (OR) = 0.258 [0.132–0.503]), vaccination risk psychology (OR = 0.242 [0.079–0.747]) and wait-and-see mentality (OR = 0.171 [0.068–0.468]) are negative factors for the vaccination behavior of hesitant students, while herd mentality (OR = 7.512 [2.718–20.767]) and uncertainty of free policy's impact on vaccine trust (OR = 3.412 [1.547–7.527]) are positive factors.ConclusionThe vaccine hesitancy among college students in Wuhan was relatively high. Family support, herd mentality and free vaccination strategies can help improve vaccination among hesitant students, while vaccination risk psychology and “wait-and-see” psychology reduce the possibility of vaccination. The vaccination strategy of college students should be strengthened from the perspective of social psychological construction.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Low-Middle- Income Countries, December 2020 to February 2021
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl , Sathirapanya Chutarat , Thitichai Phanthanee , Faria de Moura Villela Edlaine , Rodrigues Zanuzzi Tamara , de Andrade Bandeira Felipe , Bono Suzanna A. , Siau Ching Sin , Chen Won Sun , Hasan M Tasdik , Sessou Philippe , Ditekemena John D. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Dolo Housseini , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Nelson Siewe Fodjo Joseph , Colebunders Robert 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To investigate psychosocial factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods: This online cross-sectional survey included 10,183 adults (median age 45 years) from nine LMICs. Participants were asked about adhering to four COVID-19 preventive measures (physical distancing, wearing a face mask, hand, and cough hygiene); a composite adherence score was calculated, ranging from 0–4 positive responses. Psychosocial measures included worry, anxiety, depression, social and demographic, and COVID-19 related factors.Results: Factors associated with adherence to more preventive measures included being a participant from Malaysia or Bangladesh, older age, higher education, belonging to the healthcare sector (either as or worker), having health personnel as a trusted source of COVID-19 information/advice, possessing correct COVID-19 knowledge, worry or fear about being (re)infected with COVID-19, and screening negative for general anxiety symptoms.Conclusion: Moderate to high adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures was found, with significant variations across countries. Psychosocial factors (worry, anxiety, knowledge, education, age, and country) seemed determinant in predicting the number of measures to which participants adhered.
ADVANCE PROGRAM TO DEVELOP SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SKILLS BY USING GOOGLE SCHOLAR TOOLS AMONG STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TABUK
Authors: Al-Judea Mufleh Qublan B 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the advanced program to develop scientific research skills by using Google Scholar tools among students in education and Art College at Tabuk University. Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study of a specific batch of students from the education and art collage at Tabuk University.Result: There are statistically significant differences on the scale of scientific research skills using the tools of the scientific researcher from Google in pre-measurement and post-measurement after the application.Conclusion: The study showed that the advanced program to develop scientific research skills by using Google Scholar tools among students of the university was statistically significant differences on the scale of scientific research skills using the tools of the scientific researcher from Google scholar tools.
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL DISCOURSE OF UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE DEVELOPMENT IN CLASSICAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Vovk M. 
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the achievements of Ukrainian folkloristic, taking into account the cultural and historical factors of its progress in the second half of the nineteenth century, and outlines the contribution of classical universities teachers in the educational practice of folklore tradition studying. The valuable experience of classical universities teachers in the implementation of folkloristic directed courses, the organization of research work of students, and more are presented, etc. A significant event for the formation of studying folk literature educational practice traditions was the founding of the Department of Russian (Ukrainian) Literature at the University of Jan Casimir in 1848. There were identified the following cultural and historical factors that contributed to the process of studying folkloristic (folk literature) in the classical universities: initiatives of student youth on the establishment of Ukrainian studies departments, teaching in Ukrainian; activities of societies, public organizations, institutions established at classical universities, students' societies, the foundation of periodicals. University teachers were introducing elements of folk literature into the content of linguistic and literary disciplines, working out the folkloristic courses programs, promoting research, collecting activities of future professionals, directing educational work with students, following the contextual, functional, multicultural approaches to the study of folk literature, Ukrainian ethnic group traditional culture, Slavonic peoples, applying interdisciplinary links, methodological principles of other emerging sciences, namely, ethnography, ethnology, historiography, linguistics, literary studies.
Achievements of studying the folk literature theory and practice in the XIX century led to the development of Ukrainian folkloristic, assertion of methodological principles of scientific-folkloristic schools, emergence of future philologists and historians' folkloristic training system, and the foundation of folkloristic areas (textology, linguofolkloristic, source studies, ethnomusicology, etc.).
Hubungan Kontrol Diri Dengan Kenakalan Remaja
Authors: Rahmadani Sari , Okfrima Ria 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kontrol diri dengan kenakalan remaja.Variabel independent dalam penelitian ini adalahkontrol diri dan variabel dependent adalah kenakalan remaja.Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skalakontrol diri dan Skalakenakalan remaja.Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 66 orang.Uji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan teknik Alpha Cronbach.Hasil koefisien validitas pada skala kontrol diri berkisar dari 0,799 sampai 0,913, sedangkan koefisien reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,780.Hasil koefisien validitas pada skala kenakalan remaja berkisar dari 0,783 sampai 0,949, sedangkan koefisien reliabilitasnya sebesar 0,992. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan besarnya koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,644 dengan taraf signifikan p = 0,000. Artinya ada hubungan signifikan dengan arah positif antara kontrol diri dengan kenakalan remaja pada SMA X Padang.Sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Sumbangan efektif variabel kontrol diri terhadap kenakalan remaja adalah sebanyak 41,47%.
Carcinoma adrenocortical: presentación y desenlaces en una institución oncológica
Authors: Fierro Maya Luis Felipe , González Clavijo Angélica María , Imitola Madero Angélica , Cuellar Cuellar Andrés Arturo , Carreño Dueñas José Alexander 
Published: May 2022

El carcinoma adrenocortical es una neoplasia endocrina infrecuente pero con un comportamiento altamente agresivo y pobre pronóstico. Dado su baja prevalencia, la experiencia de los centros de referencia es fundamental para caracterizar los factores asociados a esta entidad.
Métodos: Se elaboró una serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de carcinoma adrenal, tratados en una institución oncológica de referencia entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2017. Se describieron las características clínicas e histopatológicas de los pacientes. Se estimó el tiempo de supervivencia libre de progresión y tiempo de supervivencia global (SG) de forma gráfica y con funciones de tiempo al evento mediante la función de Kaplan-Meier
Resultados: Se identificaron 19 pacientes, 14 de los cuales fueron mujeres con edad media del diagnóstico de 43.4 años (rango 20 – 65). El 58% de los pacientes tuvo secreción hormonal, siendo el síndrome de Cushing el predominante. 7 pacientes tuvieron compromiso metástasico al momento del diagnóstico. Todos los pacientes fueron llevados a adrenalectomía, el estado postquirúrgico en 10 pacientes fue R0. 11 pacientes estaban vivos al momento de finalización del estudio. La mediana promedio de supervivencia libre de progresión fue de 18 meses +/- 7.86 y la mediana de supervivencia global fue de 30 meses +/-19.80. Se encontró asociación del Ki 67 con mortalidad y progresión (p=0.01)
Conclusión: Las características clínicas e histológicas en nuestros pacientes son similares a los estudios de cohorte publicados. El Ki67 >10 fue un factor asociado a progresión y mortalidad.
أثر المعتقدات الدينية في عمارة المعابد والزقورات العراقية القديمة (زقورة بابل انموذجاً)
Authors: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Laftah Rahma Al-Qassir  
Published: May 2022

يعد موضوع المعتقدات الدينية من المواضيع المهمة في حقل الدراسات الاثارية والتاريخية القديمة، إذ شغلت المعتقدات والعبادات والطقوس الدينية حيزاً كبيراً ومهما في حياة الشعوب القديمة وتركت آثارا واضحة على مسيرتها الحضارية. ولعلنا لانكون مخطئين اذا قلنا ان الجانب الديني كان من ابرز العوامل المؤثرة في حضارات الامم القديمة، فهو يسهم في تحديد الاطر العامة للعادات والتقاليد والاعراف والقوانين وله اثره في الحياة الاقتصادية والفنية والادبية. ومهما اختلفت الديانات وتباينت فيمكن القول بصورة عامة انها تفترض وجود قوة أو قوى عليا في الكون يسعى الانسان دائما للتقرب اليها عن طريق عبادات وطقوس معينة تقام في اماكن مخصصة عرفت "بالمعبد" في حضارة بلاد الرافدين. تناول البحث محورين اساسيين، كان الاول منهما: اثر المعتقدات الدينية في عمارة معبد وزقورة بابل القديمة "برج بابل" وتم فيه تناول وتوثيق تاريخ بناء المعبد وزقورته المشهورة، واستعراض اهم الآراء والفرضيات التي طرحت بخصوص اصل تسميته والتاريخ الزمني الصحيح لبنائه وتجديده من قبل ملوك وحكام بلاد الرافدين عبر عصور تاريخية مختلفة في ضوء المصادر المسمارية والادلة الاثارية التي كشفت عنها نتائج التنقيبات الاثارية في مدينة بابل وما يجاورها من مدن قديمة في القرن الماضي المنصرم. في حين تناول المحور الثاني، برج بابل ومدينة بورسبا (برس نمرود) ، وتم فيه تناول العلاقة الجدلية بين برج بابل وزقورة برس نمرود في مدينة بورسبا. كما تم الاشارة الى اهم ما نسج عن زقورة بورسبا وعلاقتها ببرج بابل من قصص خيالية وروايات اسطورية وردت في المصادر التاريخية وغيرها متأثرة بما ورد في روايات كتاب العهد القديم "التوراة" مما اثار ذلك الكثير من التساؤلات والجدل بين اوساط الباحثين والمختصين بل وحتى عامة الناس على ان زقورة بورسبا هي برج بابل. من هنا حاولت هذه الدراسة تقديم بعض الاجوبة على تلك التساؤلات من خلال الاستعانة بالمصادر المسمارية والدراسات ونتائج التنقيبات الاثارية التي جرت في موقع المدينة وما جاورها.
أثر ستراتيجية حوض السمك بأسلوبيه ( المفتوح والمغلق ) في تحصيل طلاب الصف الخامس التطبيقي في مادة الكيمياء
Authors: M. M . Muhannad Yahya Hassan  
Published: May 2022

تتهم مادة الكيمياء – شأنها شأن باقي المواد العلمية الأخرى –بالجمود وتعقد موضوعاتها ،وتفرعها في أحيان عديدة بحيث تحتاج إلى المزيد من الشرح والتفصيل لتوضيح فكرتها ، وهذا مما قد لا يتوفر عند عرضها من قبل مدرسيها ؛ لضيق الوقت أو لازدياد عدد طلبتهم ، وخصوصا في مدارسنا المكتظة ، مما يصعب عليهم معالجة جميع فقراتها ؛ بسبب انشغالهم بمسألة مراعاة الفروق الفردية، فضلا على انشغالهم بضبط بيئتهم الصفية ، وبالتالي فإن هذه المسائل قد تنعكس سلبا على تحصيل طلبتهم . ومن خلال خبرة الباحث المتواضعة في تدريس هذه المادة والتقائه بمجموعة من زملائه في الاختصاص ، تبيين أنهم وعلى الرغم من كل ما أثير ويثار حولها ، فإن مستوى ما يحصل عليه متعلميهم قليل جدا على مستوى التحصيل ؛ وذلك لكونهم يتبعون سبلا وطرقا لعرض مادتهم ، اتسمت بالجمود والنمطية المفرطة ، لذلك لجأ الباحث إلى الاطلاع على الأدبيات التربوية لمعالجة هذه المشاكل ، ودرء التهم عن مادته التي يقوم بتدريسها ،وقام بطرح مشكلة بحثه بالإجابة عن السؤال التالي : هل لإستعمال ستراتيجية حوض السمك بأسلوبيها ( المفتوح والمغلق ) أثرا في زيادة مستوى التحصيل لدى طلاب الصف الخامس التطبيقي في مادة الكيمياء ؟!
تقانات الري الحديثة ودورها في التوسع الزراعي لإنتاج محصول القمح ( محافظة كربلاء المقدسة إنموذجاً )
Authors: د. شهلة ذاكر توفيق  , م .م. علاء عبد الاله فيصل  
Published: May 2022

تستند هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أهم تقانات الري الحديثة المستخدمة في زراعة وإنتاج محصول القمح في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة ومعرفة مدى دورها في التوسع الزراعي لإنتاجه فضلا عن معرفة مدى توفيرها لكميات المياه المستخدمة إذا ما قورنت بطرائق الري التقليدية, والتي قد تبين من خلالها إن أهم تقنات الري الحديثة المستخدمة في إنتاج محصول القمح هي ( الري بالرش الثابت والمحوري ) وإنَّ حجم الاستهلاك المائي للمناطق المستخدمة لتقانات الري الحديثة كان أقل من حجم الاستهلاك المائي لطرائق الري التقليدية بنسبة (67%) وإنه لو استخدمنا طرائق الري الحديثة بدلاً عن طرائق الري التقليدية في منطقة الدراسة سنستطيع أن نوفر كميات من المياه لمساحة يبلغ قدرها (9846) دونم والسبب في ذلك يعود إلى كفاءة طرائق الري الحديثة التي يمكن من خلالها التحكم في كمية المياه المضافة التي يصعب التحكم فيها عند استخدام طرائق الري التقليدية , إضافة إلى ما تمتاز به من عدم وجود فاقد للماء عند نقله من المصدر إلى الحقل , لأنه يتم عن طريق الأنابيب , بينما ينقل الماء بطرائق الري التقليدية بوساطة القنوات المبطنة أو الترابية المفتوحة والتي بسببها في كلا الحالتين يتعرض الماء إلى التبخر والنضح، فضلاً عن كمية من المياه الممتصة من النباتات والحشائش التي تنمو في هذه القنوات . ونتيجة لما تمتاز به هذه التقنات الحديثة من كفاءة إروائية فإن ذلك ساعد على التوسع في زيادة المساحات المزروعة قمحا فيها , فبينما كانت المساحة المزروعة قمحا تقدر بـ (16370)دونم خلال الموسم الزراعي (2010-2011) والذي يعد الموسم الأول لاستخدام طرائق الري الحديثة ( الري بالرش ) ، أصبحت تقدر بـ (66924) دونم خلال الموسم الزراعي (2018-2019) ونتيجة لذلك زادت كمية الإنتاج بشكل ملحوظ حيث إنها وصلت إلى (68713) طن بعد إذ كانت تبلغ (9586)طن خلال الموسم الزراعي (2010-2011) .