bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A report of short term spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar disc.
Authors: UNNITHAN AJAYA KUMAR AYYAPPAN 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 58-year lady presented with backache, left leg pain, and weakness for 3 months. A magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan of lumbosacral spine, taken three months back, showed L3-4 disc extrusion and canal stenosis. She had improvement with conservative treatment. But she had recurrence of symptoms 10 days back. Straight leg raising test was positive at 40 degree on left side. Dorsiflexion was grade 4 on left side. Sensations of touch and vibration were reduced in L4 dermatomal region. A repeat MRI scan was done to plan surgery. The disc extrusion at L3-4 had shrunk. She was given gabapentin, methylcobolamine, and physiotherapy. She improved over 1 week. Spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs over a course of time is documented in literature. But the concomitant relief of symptoms is not seen always. The reports of regression within 3 months are a few. Kim ES et al reported about the peroperative identification of regression of an extruded disc fragment, during microdiscectomy 2 months after the magnetic resonance imgaging(MRI). So it is better to do a repeat imaging before planning surgery for a patient with a prior diagnosis of disc herniation. Thus an unnecessary surgery can be avoided.
Analytical modeling of side grinding of orthogonal laminated SiCf/SiC composites based on effective elastic properties
Authors: Zhang Zikang , Yuan Songmei , Gao Xiaoxing , Xu Weiwei , Zhang Jiaqi , An Wenzhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
SiCf/SiC composites have been applied in numerous fields because of their outstanding properties like high specific strength and high specific modulus. However, defects can be produced during grinding because the composites are hard and brittle. Moreover, the fabrication process of laminated SiCf/SiC composites is complicated and unstable, resulting in large differences in their elastic properties. Therefore, the effective elastic properties of composites needs to be obtained through theoretical analysis. In this study, the anisotropy of orthogonal laminated SiCf/SiC composites and the fracture removal mechanism of the brittle material were both considered to develop a more accurate model. The effective elastic constants of the laminated composites were calculated using a macromechanical analysis. The grinding process was divided into the ductile, ductile-to-brittle transition, and brittle stages for analysis by the critical cutting depth. The modeling development was based on the interaction between the diamond grains and workpiece. Substituting the effective elastic constants into the model, the predicted value is consistent well with the experimental value. The cutting force value presents a non-linear decreasing trend with increasing spindle speed but increases linearly with increasing feed rate and cutting width. The spindle speed and cutting width have more influence on the cutting force than the feed rate. Increasing the spindle speed and decreasing the feed rate and cutting width can reduce the cutting force. The model can be applied to adequately evaluate the effective elastic properties of laminated SiCf/SiC composites and effectively improve the grinding processes and machining efficiency in future applications.
Relationship between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases among a sample of Yemeni Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Kalisi Milad , Al-Hajri Manal , Al-Rai Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) are defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb), and PDs in a sample of Yemeni population. A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental teaching clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University. Of the 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Participants of both genders were involved with slight increase in males (n = 134, 58.5%) and most of the study sample was at the age group of (18–35) (n = 209, 91.3%). Regarding to habits, only (n = 43, 18.2%) of patients were smokers and about half of participants (n = 136, 59.4%) were khat chewers. Most of cases had a mild undernutrition according to BMI (n = 139, 60.7%) and normal Alb level (n = 213, 93%). Regarding the periodontal diagnosis, most of the participants were diagnosed with gingivitis (n = 186, 81.2%). BMI and albumin level were non significantly associated with PDs. PDs were statistically significant with the participant’s age, gender, level of education and smoking (P ≤ 0.05). Whereas, BMI, khat chewing, and Albumin level were non-significant factors of periodontal diseases among Yemeni participants (P > 0.05). In both genders, variables such as age of the patients, smoking, khat chewing and PDs were non-significantly associated with BMI. This study showed that the majority of the participants had diagnosed with gingivitis but there was not an association between PDs and undernutrition This paper is presented on research square URL:// https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-429796/v1 with DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-429796/v1
Trabajo social y ambiente, un escenario para la innovación y la intervención pertinente
Authors: Castrillón Nancy Lorena , Posada Muñoz Eliana María 
Published: February 2022

Esta ponencia, es una reflexión del proceso vivido por el semillero de investigación: Ambiente Planeación, Desarrollo y Trabajo Social, durante el periodo 2018-2020-1, desde las investigaciones: Prácticas y saberes de intervención en el escenario ambiental, desde la experiencia de los departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas; y, Aprendizajes para la intervención del Trabajo Social a partir de las prácticas y saberes de los movimientos y organizaciones sociales en el marco de la justicia medio ambiental en Antioquia. Estas experiencias contextualizan al semillero para reconocer la importancia del trabajo social ante las problemáticas ambientales contemporáneas, por ende, la necesidad de incluir en la formación académica y profesional, el tema ambiental; dado el constante deterioro al medio ambiente requiere intervenciones eficaces desde la particularidad de los contextos, para propiciar espacios de participación con las comunidades afectadas, desde las cuales se apueste por el fortalecimiento del tejido social.
N1-Methylnicotinamide: Is it Time to Consider it as a Dietary Supplement for
Athletes?
Authors: Nejabati Hamid Reza , Ghaffari-Novin Mahsa , Fathi-Maroufi Nazila , Faridvand Yousef , Holmberg Hans-Christer , Hansson Ola , Nikanfar Saba , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Exercise is considered to be a “medicine” due to its modulatory roles in metabolic disorders, such as
diabetes and obesity. The intensity and duration of exercise determine the mechanism of energy production by
various tissues of the body, especially by muscles, in which the requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
increases by as much as 100-fold. Naturally, athletes try to improve their exercise performance by dietary
supplementation with, e.g., vitamins, metabolites, and amino acids. MNAM, as a vitamin B3 metabolite, reduces
serum levels and liver contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, and induces lipolysis. It stimulates gluconeogenesis
and prohibits liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis through the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1).
It seems that MNAM is not responsible for the actions of NNMT in the adipose tissues as MNAM inhibits the
activity of NNMT in the adipose tissue and acts as an inhibitor of its activity. NNMT-MNAM axis is more
activated in the muscles of individuals undergoing the high-volume-low-intensity exercise and caloric
restriction. Therefore, MNAM could be an important myokine during exercise and fasting where it provides the
required energy for muscles through the induction of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver and adipose
tissues, respectively. Increased levels of MNAM in exercise and fasting led us to propose that the consumption
of MNAM during training, especially endurance training, could boost exercise capacity and improve performance.
Therefore, in this review, we shed light on the potential of MNAM as a dietary supplement in sports
medicine.
Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment: A Review of Marine-derived Polysaccharides
Authors: Atmaca Harika , Oguz Ferdi , Ilhan Suleyman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the spread of cells to other
tissues and remains one of the worldwide problems waiting to be solved. There are various treatment strategies
for cancer, such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, although it varies according to its
type and stage. Many chemotherapeutic agents have limited clinical use due to lack of efficacy, off-target toxicity,
metabolic instability, or poor pharmacokinetics. One possible solution to this high rate of clinical failure is
to design drug delivery systems that deliver drugs in a controlled and specific manner and are not toxic to normal
cells. Marine systems contain biodiversity, including components and materials that can be used in biomedical
applications and therapy. Biomaterials such as chitin, chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, hyaluronan,
agarose, and ulvan obtained from marine organisms have found use in DDSs today. These polysaccharides are
biocompatible, non-toxic, biodegradable, and cost-effective, making them ideal raw materials for increasingly
complex DDSs with a potentially regulated release. In this review, the contributions of polysaccharides from
the marine environment to the development of anticancer drugs in DDSs will be discussed.
Anti-HIV Aptamers: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Serumula William , Fernandez Geronimo , Gonzalez Victor M. , Parboosing Raveen 
Published: February 2022

:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to be a significant health burden
in many countries around the world. Current HIV treatment through a combination of different
antiretroviral drugs (cART) effectively suppresses viral replication, but drug resistance and crossresistance
are significant challenges. This has prompted the search for novel targets and agents,
such as nucleic acid aptamers. Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotides that attach to the target
sites with high affinity and specificity. This review provides a target-by-target account of research
into anti-HIV aptamers and summarises the challenges and prospects of this therapeutic strategy,
specifically in the unique context of HIV infection.
Clozapine-induced Myocarditis: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Implications
for Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Rabkin Simon W. , Tang Jacky K. K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Clozapine, a superior treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia can cause poten-tially life-threatening myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. While the occurrence of this condi-tion is well known, its molecular mechanisms are unclear and may be multifactorial. Putative mech-anisms warrant an in-depth review not only from the perspective of toxicity but also for understand-ing the molecular mechanisms of the adverse cardiac effects of clozapine and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Clozapine-induced cardiac toxicity encompasses a diverse set of pathways, including (i) immune modulation and proinflammatory processes encompassing an IgE-mediated (type I hypersensitivity) response and perhaps a cytokine release syndrome (ii) catechol-aminergic activation (iii) induction of free radicals and oxidative stress (iv) activation of cardiomy-ocyte cell death pathways, including apoptosis, ischemia through impairment in coronary blood flow via changes in endothelial production of NO and vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine as well as other factors released from cardiac mast cells. (v) In addition, an extensive examination of the effects of clozapine on non-cardiac cellular proteins demonstrates that clozapine can impair enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, such as pyruvate kinase, mitochondrial malate dehydro-genase, and other proteins, including α-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase and cofilin, which might explain clozapine-induced reductions in myocardial energy generation for cell viability as well as contractile function. Pharmacologic antagonism of these cellular protein effects may lead to the development of strategies to antagonize the cardiac damage induced by clozapine
An Overview of Biotechnological Applications in Ayurveda: Amalgamation
of Modern Techniques and Science
Authors: Chauhan Ashutosh , Semwal Deepak Kumar , Joshi Sunil Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Health trends are constantly evolving, and so are health systems. No health system is perfect, hence the needed complement. Therefore, Western medicine (WM) practitioners are looking for traditional medicine (TM) and vice versa, as WM has an edge in an emergency while TM has in chronic diseases. However, the purpose of both systems is similar, which is a relief, despite different philosophies and methodologies. Globally, acceptance of TM by the scientific community is limited due to the lack of scientific evidence of benefits and efficiency, despite its potential. Ayurveda is one kind of the oldest TM systems of the world, serving humankind without changing a little, despite changes in geography, environment, weather conditions, and soil composition, which result in new diseases. Hence, the challenge of good health is arising. Therefore, there is a need to carry out research that would apply in its own way and satisfy the tenets of biomedical research too. The best way of doing this is multidisciplinary research by involving technology and Ayurvedic experts. Biotechnology can offer techniques from diagnosis to treatment of disease through substances of natural origin, including plants, animals and minerals. The present review is merely an overview of the possibilities which may be applied in Ayurveda in the present scenario. Ayurveda is the “science of life, and biotechnology is like “the service provider.” Therefore, biotechnology has all those techniques to serve Ayurveda up to the maximum and humankind at large. Even it may give rise to a new approach by combining Ayurveda and biotechnology.
Regional Politics: Penetrating Indigenous Rights in Regional Expansion in Nagari Salareh Aia, Palembayan District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province in 2020
Authors: Ishak Ishak , Ernanda Oksa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:	The regional expansion was carried out to facilitate access to public services. The implementation of regional expansion was initially carried out in defining territorial boundaries. In the demarcation of this territory, there are protests due to the lack of involvement of indigenous peoples. As residents of the original domicile, the indigenous peoples fight for their land ownership rights, which are involved in the regional expansion plan. It happened in the expansion of the Nagari Salareh Aia area, Palembayan District, Agam Regency. After the enactment of Regent Regulation No. 15 of 2017 regarding the preparation of Nagari guardians. There were many protests against the boundaries set by the government through these instruments. Researchers try to explore this phenomenon through social law by examining aspects of regional politics, in this case, the rights of indigenous peoples, social capital in conflict resolution, and an assessment of the impact of these two issues in resolving regional division conflicts. Through a set of studies and discussions, it was found that the government and the community must work together and make decisions that do not ignore regional wisdom. Through this synergy, it was hoped that regional expansion would be conducted appropriately, which can provide benefits to the community and regional government.
Evaluation of mHealth Apps for Diverse, Low-Income Patient Populations: Framework Development and Application Study
Authors: Sharma Shreya , Gergen Barnett Katherine , Maypole John (Jack) , Grochow Mishuris Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Background
The use of mobile technology or smartphones has grown exponentially in the United States, allowing more individuals than ever internet access. This access has been especially critical to households earning less than US $30,000, the majority of whom indicate that smartphones are their main source of internet access. The increasing ubiquity of smartphones and virtual care promises to offset some of the health disparities that cut through the United States. However, disparities cannot be addressed if the medical information offered though smartphones is not accessible or reliable.

Objective
This study seeks to create a framework to review the strengths and weaknesses of mobile Health (mHealth) apps for diverse, low-income populations.

Methods
Focusing on smoking cessation, diabetes management, and medication adherence as models of disease management, we describe the process for selecting, evaluating, and obtaining patient feedback on mHealth apps.

Results
The top 2 scoring apps in each category were QuitNow! and Smoke Free-Quit Smoking Now for smoking cessation, Glucosio and MyNetDiary for diabetes management, and Medisafe and MyMeds for medication adherence.

Conclusions
We believe that this framework will prove useful for future mHealth app development, and clinicians and patient advisory groups in connecting culturally, educationally, and socioeconomically appropriate mHealth apps with low-income, diverse communities and thus work to bridge health disparities.
Student-Run Online Journal Club Initiative During a Time of Crisis: Survey Study
Authors: Ozkara Burak Berksu , Karabacak Mert , Alpaydin Duygu Demet 
Published: February 2022

Background
Since the closure of university campuses due to COVID-19 in spring 2020 necessitated a quick transition to online courses, medical students were isolated from hospitals and universities, negatively impacting their education. During this time, medical students had no opportunity to participate in academic discussions and were also socially isolated. Furthermore, medical doctors and professors of medical schools were given additional responsibilities during the pandemic because they were the frontliners in the fight against COVID-19. As a result, they did not have enough time to contribute effectively to medical student education.

Objective
This paper describes the establishment of the Cerrahpasa Neuroscience Society Journal Clubs, a group of entirely student-run online journal clubs at Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa.

Methods
The website, mass emailing, and social media accounts were used to announce the online journal clubs. Only medical students were eligible to apply. Journal clubs included psychiatry, neuroradiology, neurosurgery, neurology, and neuroscience. Following the last journal club meeting, a questionnaire created by the society’s board was distributed to the participants. SPSS Statistics (version 26) was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Since March 15, 2021, synchronous online journal club meetings have been held every 2 weeks on a weekday using Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, or Zoom. Meetings of each journal club lasted approximately 1 hour on average. Interstudent interaction across multiple institutions was achieved since a total of 45 students from 11 different universities attended the meetings on a regular basis. Students on the society’s board served as academic mentors for the clubs. The clubs received excellent feedback from participants, with an overall contentment score of 4.32 out of 5.

Conclusions
By establishing these clubs, we have created a venue for academic discussions, which helps to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on education. In addition, we believe it greatly aided students in staying in touch with their peers, thereby reducing the sense of isolation. We realize that traditional journal clubs are run by faculty; however, we believe that this experience demonstrated that medical students could run a journal club on their own since the feedback from participants was excellent. Additionally, as a medical student, being a journal club academic mentor is a challenging responsibility; however, having this responsibility significantly improved our academic mentors’ leadership abilities.
Predicting Changes in Depression Severity Using the PSYCHE-D (Prediction of Severity Change-Depression) Model Involving Person-Generated Health Data: Longitudinal Case-Control Observational Study
Authors: Makhmutova Mariko , Kainkaryam Raghu , Ferreira Marta , Min Jae , Jaggi Martin , Clay Ieuan 
Published: February 2022

Background
In 2017, an estimated 17.3 million adults in the United States experienced at least one major depressive episode, with 35% of them not receiving any treatment. Underdiagnosis of depression has been attributed to many reasons, including stigma surrounding mental health, limited access to medical care, and barriers due to cost.

Objective
This study aimed to determine if low-burden personal health solutions, leveraging person-generated health data (PGHD), could represent a possible way to increase engagement and improve outcomes.

Methods
Here, we present the development of PSYCHE-D (Prediction of Severity Change-Depression), a predictive model developed using PGHD from more than 4000 individuals, which forecasts the long-term increase in depression severity. PSYCHE-D uses a 2-phase approach. The first phase supplements self-reports with intermediate generated labels, and the second phase predicts changing status over a 3-month period, up to 2 months in advance. The 2 phases are implemented as a single pipeline in order to eliminate data leakage and ensure results are generalizable.

Results
PSYCHE-D is composed of 2 Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm–based classifiers that use a range of PGHD input features, including objective activity and sleep, self-reported changes in lifestyle and medication, and generated intermediate observations of depression status. The approach generalizes to previously unseen participants to detect an increase in depression severity over a 3-month interval, with a sensitivity of 55.4% and a specificity of 65.3%, nearly tripling sensitivity while maintaining specificity when compared with a random model.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that low-burden PGHD can be the basis of accurate and timely warnings that an individual’s mental health may be deteriorating. We hope this work will serve as a basis for improved engagement and treatment of individuals experiencing depression.