bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleuropulmonary pathologies in the early phase of acute pancreatitis correlate with disease severity
Authors: Luiken Ina , Eisenmann Stephan , Garbe Jakob , Sternby Hanna , Verdonk Robert C. , Dimova Alexandra , Ignatavicius Povilas , Ilzarbe Lucas , Koiva Peeter , Penttilä Anne K. , Regnér Sara , Dober Johannes , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Brill Richard , Michl Patrick , Rosendahl Jonas , Damm Marko 
Published: February 2022

Background
Respiratory failure worsens the outcome of acute pancreatitis (AP) and underlying factors might be early detectable.

Aims
To evaluate the prevalence and prognostic relevance of early pleuropulmonary pathologies and pre-existing chronic lung diseases (CLD) in AP patients.

Methods
Multicentre retrospective cohort study. Caudal sections of the thorax derived from abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) performed in the early phase of AP were assessed. Independent predictors of severe AP were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. A one-year survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank test was performed.

Results
358 patients were analysed, finding pleuropulmonary pathologies in 81%. CECTs were performed with a median of 2 days (IQR 1–3) after admission. Multivariable analysis identified moderate to severe or bilateral pleural effusions (PEs) (OR = 4.16, 95%CI 2.05–8.45, p<0.001) and pre-existing CLD (OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.17–7.32, p = 0.022) as independent predictors of severe AP. Log rank test showed a significantly worse one-year survival in patients with bilateral compared to unilateral PEs in a subgroup.

Conclusions
Increasing awareness of the prognostic impact of large and bilateral PEs and pre-existing CLD could facilitate the identification of patients at high risk for severe AP in the early phase and thus improve their prognosis.
Beyond inclusion: Enacting team equity in precision medicine research
Authors: Jeske Melanie , Vasquez Emily , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Saperstein Aliya , Bentz Michael , Foti Nicole , Shim Janet K. , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
To identify meanings of and challenges to enacting equitable diversification of genomics research, and specifically precision medicine research (PMR), teams.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 102 individuals involved in three U.S.-based precision medicine research consortia and conducted over 400 observation hours of their working group meetings, consortium-wide meetings, and conference presentations. We also reviewed published reports on genomic workforce diversity (WFD), particularly those relevant to the PMR community.

Results
Our study finds that many PMR teams encounter challenges as they strive to achieve equitable diversification on scientific teams. Interviewees articulated that underrepresented team members were often hired to increase the study’s capacity to recruit diverse research participants, but are limited to on-the-ground staff positions with little influence over study design. We find existing hierarchies and power structures in the academic research ecosystem compound challenges for equitable diversification.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that meaningful diversification of PMR teams will only be possible when team equity is prioritized as a core value in academic research communities.
Irritable bowel syndrome and long-term risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Yuan Changzheng , Liu Si , Zhang Qian , Yang Zhirong , Sun Feng , Zhan Siyan , Zhu Shengtao , Zhang Shutian 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
To investigate the prospective association of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with long-term risk of overall, site-specific cancer and cancer specific mortality in general population.

Methods
Participants free of inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and any cancer at baseline from the UK Biobank were included, with IBS patients as exposure group and non-IBS patients as reference group. Primary outcome was the incidence of overall cancer and cancer specific mortality. Secondary outcomes included site-specific cancers and types of digestive cancers. Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the associated risk of incident malignancies and related mortality.

Results
Among 449,595 participants, 22338(5.0%) were diagnosed with IBS. During a median of 12.2-year follow-up, 2937 cases of incident cancer were identified in IBS patients (11.47 per 1000 person-years), compared with 60,556 cases in reference individuals (12.51 per 1000 person-years). Of these cases, 512 and 12,282 cancer specific deaths occurred in IBS and non-IBS groups. Compared with non-IBS, the adjusted hazard ratio for overall cancer and cancer specific mortality was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93-1.00, P=0.062) and 0.83 (0.76-0.91, P<0.001) among IBS patients. Specifically, decreased risk of digestive [0.79 (0.71-0.89)], particularly colon [0.75 (0.62-0.90)] and rectal [0.68 (0.49-0.93)] cancers were observed in IBS patients. Further sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis by age and gender indicated similar results.
Discussion Compared with the general population, IBS does not increase the overall risk of cancer. Conversely, IBS is associated with lower risk of incident colorectal cancer and cancer specific mortality.
ALIENASI TERHADAP ALAM: KRITIK EKOFEMINIS TERHADAP KARYA BARBARA KINGSOLVER, HOMELAND
Authors: Susanti Wulandari Rini 
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to present ecofeminist insights into the connection between the domination toward women and nature through reading of Barbara Kingsolver’s short story, Homeland. Environment destruction that has occurred in decades endangers the life on earth. Based on the ecofeminism, the one who gets the worst impact of this devastation is women. Furthermore, the ecofeminists say that there is a very close relation between women and nature. Clean water, forest, farming, and health become women’s concern. In short, these two ideas let women become aware of the environmental issues. They will take action or speak out whenever environment is mistreated or abused. In Homeland, Kingsolver presents a picture of American Indian descendants life that gives high appreciation to nature embedded in their traditional values and customs through the female characters. She brings us to the fascinating exploration of the values that shows the connection between domination over women and nature. However, modernism brings about alienation toward her ancestor’s land.
Demand forecast for parking spaces and parking areas in Olomouc
Authors: Cempírek Václav , Turek Michal , Kalupová Blanka , Šaradín Pavel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study focuses on the issue of parking in Olomouc and in two localities of this city: the Foerstrova and Hodolany areas. In the first part of the manuscript, general data, approaches, and methods regarding the process of designing parking areas as well as the demand forecasting for parking spaces, when explaining the principles of regression analysis itself, are presented. The second part of the article, which represents a crucial section of the conducted research study, discusses the very analysis of the parking situation and parking demand forecasting for both areas being investigated. As for major findings, an increasing trend related to the number of cars per 1,000 inhabitants in Olomouc can be observed. Furthermore, following the performed analyses and forecasts, it can be stated that there is a parking deficiency issue, which needs to be addressed in the future.
Neutron diffraction study of the low-temperature ageing of martensite in dual-phase steel
Authors: Waterschoot Tom , De Cooman Bruno C. , Vandeputte Sven , Conlon Kelly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements were used to obtain a better understanding of the ageing behaviour in dual-phase ferrite + martensite steels. Therefore, the influence of different ageing treatments on the tempering of low-alloyed 0.4 and 0.7% C FeMnCrMo-martensite and 0.1% C FeMnCrMo dual-phase steels was investigated. On tempering at 170 and 350 °C, the sequential precipitation of g- and h-carbides, as well as the loss of tetragonality was observed in the martensite. The decrease in austenite lattice parameter after tempering is due to stress relaxation in the material. These observations offer an acceptable explanation for the large yield stress increase after ageing at 170 °C.
Investigation of interfacial reactions between Sn–Ag–Bi–In solder and (Cu, electroless Ni–P/Cu) substrate
Authors: Yoon Jeong-Won , Lee Chang-Yong , Lee Chang-Bae , Yoo Choong-Sik , Jung Seung-Boo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The growth kinetics of intermetallic compound layers formed between Sn–3Ag–8Bi – 5In solder and (Cu, electroless Ni – P/Cu) substrate were investigated at temperatures between 70 and 170 °C for 1 to 60 days. The layer growth of the intermetallic compounds in the Sn–Ag– Bi – In/Cu and Sn–Ag –Bi – In/electroless Ni –P systems satisfied the parabolic time law. As a whole, because the values of time exponent have approximately 0.5, the layer growth is mainly controlled by diffusion. The apparent activation energies for the growth of the Cu6Sn5 and Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compounds are 81.4 and 67.1 kJ/mol, respectively.
Fatigue life and cyclic deformation behaviour of quenched and tempered steel AISI 4140 at two-step stress- and total-strain-controlled push–pull loading
Authors: Schulze V. , Lang K.-H. , Macherauch E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of steels at multi-step cyclic loading was explored up to now almost exclusively in fatigue-life-oriented investigations. Thus, only few works exist dealing with the cyclic deformation behaviour at two- and multi-step loading. Therefore, the cyclic deformation behaviour at two-step experiments with a single amplitude change (2-block experiments) and with multiple changes between two blocks of certain length and different amplitudes (multi-block experiments) was investigated in this work at the technically important steel AISI 4140 (German grade 42CrMo4).
Untersuchungen zur Anrisslebensdauervorhersage gekerbter Proben mit dem örtlichen Konzept am Beispiel des Stahls Cm15
Authors: Laue Sascha , Bomas Hubert , Mayr Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Eine zutreffende Lebensdauervorhersage für gekerbte Proben mit dem örtlichen Konzept auf der Basis von Daten, die an glatten Proben ermittelt wurden, setzt voraus, dass bei identischer zyklischer Beanspruchung ein vergleichbarer Schädigungsablauf an der glatten und der gekerbten Probe auftritt. Die an einem normalgeglühten Stahl Cm15 durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die an glatten Proben beobachtete Bildung und Ausbreitung von Ermüdungslüdersbändern und die damit verbundene Aufrauung der Probenoberfläche bei inhomogener Beanspruchung eingeschränkt wird, was zu einer Verletzung des oben angeführten Äquivalenzprinzips und damit zu deutlichen Unterschieden der Anrisslebensdauern bei gleicher örtlicher Beanspruchung führen kann. Durch eine Grobkornglühung des Werkstoffes gewinnt die Rissbildung an den Korngrenzen oder an Ermüdungsgleitbändern an Bedeutung. Dadurch wird der Effekt der Lüdersdehnung verringert, wodurch sich eine Verbesserung der Vorhersagegenauigkeit mit dem örtlichen Konzept erzielen ließ.
Slow fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 and Ti-6Al-4V at low and ultrasonic frequency
Authors: Mayer H. , Holper B. , Zettl B. , Stanzl-Tschegg S. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 has been studied in ambient air and in vacuum at load ratios R = –1, R = 0.05 and R = 0.5 using ultrasonic equipment (cycling frequency 20 kHz) and servo-hydraulic equipment (20 Hz). In vacuum, no strain rate influences were found and similar growth rates and threshold stress intensities were measured at both frequencies. In ambient air, threshold stress intensities were similar at 20 Hz and 20 kHz and were 53 –62% of the respective values measured in vacuum. Above threshold, fatigue crack growth rates at ultrasonic frequency are slower (at R = –1) or similar (at R = 0.5) to growth rates at 20 Hz. Ultrasonic fracture mechanics tests in Ti-6Al-4V at load ratios R = 0.1, R = 0.5 and R = 0.8 in ambient air delivered threshold values similar to cycling frequency 50 Hz, whereas growth rates above threshold are approximately a factor of 3 higher at 20 kHz. The compressive part of a load cycle under fully reversed loading condition causes additional fatigue damage, and the maximum stress intensity factor at threshold is lower at R = –1 than at R = 0.05 or R = 0.1.
Oxide dispersion-strengthened silver: manufacturing and properties
Authors: Grundmann Uta , Heilmaier Martin , Martin Ulrich , Oettel Heinrich , Schultz Ludwig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Novel oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) silver alloys were synthesised by mechanical alloying and subsequent consolidation via hot pressing in protective atmosphere. The effect of dispersoid size and volume fraction on the electrical and mechanical properties is exemplified with Cr2O3, CaO and Y2O3 as model candidates for a systematic study of the principles of particle selection. The results for the development of the microstructure under different processing conditions show that control of the impurity level is of primary importance for achieving high-quality, fully dense material. Hence, a modified cryo-milling technique at liquid-N2 temperature was applied. Data at ambient temperature are presented, revealing that the mechanical and electrical properties can be tailored within a wide range as a function of the microstructure. These results are explained by microstructural concepts for room temperature yielding and electrical conductivity.
Intercrystalline defects and some properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys
Authors: Aust Karl T. , Hibbard Glenn , Palumbo Gino , Erb Uwe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Experimental results are presented concerning the influence of primary intercrystalline defects, i. e., grain boundaries and triple junctions, on the properties of nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys. The properties considered are largely based on nanostructured materials relatively free of secondary defects introduced during synthesis, such as porosity, residual amorphous regions, lattice dislocations and extrinsic grain boundary dislocations. These property studies include thermal stability and grain growth, mechanical, electrical, corrosion and hydrogen transport.
Annealing treatments to enhance thermal and mechanical stability of ultrafine-grained metals produced by severe plastic deformation
Authors: Mughrabi H. , Höppel H. W. , Kautz M. , Valiev R. Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals produced by techniques of severe plastic deformation, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), exhibit extraordinary strength properties. However, in the as-ECAP-processed state, the heavily deformed microstructure of such UFG metals is rather unstable and is prone to undergo grain coarsening (recrystallization) at moderate temperatures. This microstructural instability is enhanced in the presence of modest mechanical stressing as, for example, in cyclic deformation. Thus, all measures to enhance the thermal stability are also considered as beneficial for the improvement of the mechanical stability.
One main objective of the present work is to analyse the thermal and mechanical stability of ECAP-processed metals during specific annealing and cyclic deformation tests. As a by-product, some conclusions relating to the separate effects of dislocation density, grain size (in the UFG regime) and internal stresses on the (micro)yielding behaviour will be drawn. Another goal is to explore the potential of different annealing treatments with respect to the stabilization of the microstructure and the optimization of the mechanical properties of ECAP-processed UFG metals in terms of an optimal combination of strength and ductility. In order to demonstrate the potential and the limitations of this approach, experimental work performed on UFG copper, aluminium and α-brass produced by ECAP will be reported and discussed. The results presented indicate strongly that a heat treatment leading to a bimodal grain size distribution provides the best compromise between strength and ductility.
Impact of grain boundary character on grain boundary kinetics
Authors: Molodov D. A. , Shvindlerman L. S. , Gottstein G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current research on grain boundary dynamics in metals is reviewed. The boundary dynamics, i. e., the boundary reaction to applied forces, is strongly dependent on the grain boundary character, which is commonly reduced to the orientation relationship between adjacent grains and impurity segregation at the boundary. The misorientation dependence of the motion of specific capillary driven grain boundaries, the effect of inclination on the mobility of planar boundaries and the dislocation absorption by moving boundaries are considered. The role of segregation behaviour and boundary crystallography for the orientation dependence of boundary mobility is addressed. The compensation effect for the motion of structurally different grain boundaries is discussed.
Nanostructure formation and thermal stability of nanophase materials prepared by mechanical means
Authors: Fecht H.-J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mechanical attrition, mechanical alloying and other methods of extreme plastic deformation (high pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing) have been developed as versatile alternatives to other physical and chemical processing routes in preparing nanophase materials. Here several examples are discussed including the deformation-induced nanophase formation in powder particles, in thin-foil sandwich structures and at the surface of alloys exposed to friction-induced wear, leading to the formation of nanocrystals and, in some cases, amorphous nanostructures. This opens exciting perspectives in preparing nanostructured materials with a number of different interface types in terms of structure (crystalline/crystalline, crystalline/amorphous) as well as atomic bond (metal/metal, metal/semiconductor, metal/ ceramic etc.). It is expected that the study of nanostructure formation by mechanical means in the future not only opens new processing routes for a variety of advanced nanophase materials but also improves the understanding of technologically relevant deformation processes on a nanoscopic level.
The kinetics of phase formation in an ultra-thin nanoscale layer
Authors: Apalkov V. M. , Boyko Y. I. , Slezov V. V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The peculiarities of the kinetics of phase formation in an ultra-thin (≈ 10 nm) crystalline layer, which is formed from two components on the surface of a substrate, have been studied theoretically. It has been shown that by varying the conditions during the growth of the layer (the temperature, the vapour pressure, the type of substrate) it is possible to control the phase composition of the layer.
Timing of belief as a key to cross-linguistic variation in common ground management
Authors: Heim Johannes M. , Wiltschko Martina E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the notion of Timing of Belief (ToB) as a relevant factor of variation in common ground (CG) management in sentence-peripheral particles across different languages. CG management traces the epistemic development of mutual beliefs between speaker and addressee. Evidence for the relevance of ToB comes from a small-scale acceptability study which tested the relevance of ToB for particles in English, German, and Spanish. While these languages all possess grammaticalized structures to encode different types of knowledge asymmetries between speaker and addressee, they vary with respect to the sensitivity or encoding of ToB. The evident relevance of ToB for CG management suggests that models which focus on the dynamic character of CG development require further expansion. We hope that the fine-graded differences in CG management reported here serve to inspire an engagement with the notion of ToB and the variation we find across languages and dialects.
Intranasal application of stem cells and their derivatives as a new hope in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia: a review
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Saied , Jurek Benjamin , Karimi-Haghighi Saeideh , Nezhad Nahid Jashire , Mousavi Seyedeh Maryam , Hooshmandi Etrat , Safari Anahid , Dianatpour Mehdi , Haerteis Silke , Miyan Jaleel A. , Pandamooz Sareh , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intranasal delivery of stem cells and conditioned medium to target the brain has attracted major interest in the field of regenerative medicine. In pre-clinical investigations during the last ten years, several research groups focused on this strategy to treat cerebral hypoxia/ischemia in neonates as well as adults. In this review, we discuss the curative potential of stem cells, stem cell derivatives, and their delivery route via intranasal application to the hypoxic/ischemic brain. After intranasal application, stem cells migrate from the nasal cavity to the injured area and exert therapeutic effects by reducing brain tissue loss, enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, and modulating cerebral inflammation that leads to functional improvements. However, application of this administration route for delivering stem cells and/or therapeutic substances to the damaged sites requires further optimization to translate the findings of animal experiments to clinical trials.
Halide-sodalites: thermal expansion, decomposition and the Lindemann criterion
Authors: Wolpmann Marius , Robben Lars , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwelve cubic sodalites |Na8X2|[T1T2O4]6(T1 = Al3+, Ga3+; T2 = Si4+, Ge4+; X = Cl−, Br−, I−) were examined using high-temperature (HT) X-ray diffraction experiments and TGA-DSC measurements. Temperature-dependent structure data was obtained by Rietveld refinements. Decomposition temperatures were determined using TGA-DSC data for all compounds. The temperature-dependent volume expansion was used to determine Debye and Einstein temperatures using DEA fits. Distinct relations between thermal expansion, bond lengths and the decomposition temperature could not be found. Determination of Lindemann constants of all compounds enables a classification of the sodalites in three groups.