bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Flexible Quinacridone‐Derivatives‐Based Photothermal Evaporaters for Solar Steam and Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Shen Meihua , Zhao Xinpeng , Han Lu , Jin Nanxi , Liu Song , Jia Tao , Chen Zhijun , Zhao Xiuhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial vaporization by localizing solar‐thermal energy conversion to the air−water interface has attracted tremendous attention. In the process of converting solar energy into heat energy, photothermal materials play an essential role. Herein, a flexible solar‐thermal material di‐cyan substituted 5,12‐dibutylquinacridone (DCN−4CQA)@Paper was developed by coating photothermal quinacridone derivatives on the cellulose paper. The DCN−4CQA@Paper combines desired chemical and physical properties, broadband light‐absorbing, and shape‐conforming abilities that render efficient photothermic vaporization. Notably, synergetic coupling of solar‐steam and solar‐electricity technologies by integrating DCN−4CQA@Paper and the thermoelectric devices is realized without trade‐offs, highlighting the practical consideration toward more impactful solar heat exploitation. Such solar distillation and low‐grade heat‐to‐electricity generation functions can provide potential opportunities for fresh water and electricity supply in off‐grid or remote areas.
Computational study of a novel catheter for liver radioembolization
Authors: Ortega Julio , Antón Raúl , Ramos Juan Carlos , Rivas Alejandro , S. Larraona Gorka , Sangro Bruno , Bilbao José Ignacio , Aramburu Jorge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRadioembolization (RE) is a medical treatment for primary and secondary liver cancer that involves the transcatheter intraarterial delivery of micron‐sized and radiation‐emitting microspheres, with the goal of improving microsphere deposition in the tumoral bed while sparing healthy tissue. An increasing number of in vitro and in silico studies on RE in the literature suggest that the particle injection velocity, spatial location of the catheter tip and catheter type are important parameters in particle distribution. The present in silico study assesses the performance of a novel catheter design that promotes particle dispersion near the injection point, with the goal of generating a particle distribution that mimics the flow split to facilitate tumour targeting. The design is based on two factors: the direction and the velocity at which particles are released from the catheter. A series of simulations was performed with the catheter inserted at an idealised hepatic artery tree with physiologically realistic boundary conditions. Two longitudinal microcatheter positions in the first generation of the tree were studied by analysing the performance of the catheter in terms of the outlet‐to‐outlet particle distribution and split flow matching. The results show that the catheter with the best performance is one with side holes on the catheter wall and a closed frontal tip. This catheter promotes a flow‐split‐matching particle distribution, which improves as the injection crossflow increases.
Crime activities prediction system in video surveillance by an optimized deep learning framework
Authors: Kumar Kadari Kishore , Venkateswara Reddy Husnabad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe video surveillance technology is used to find crime events in public places and capture live public events. Hence, detecting the criminalist before the crime actions is the most needed event to catch the criminalist. However, the presence of noise content in the trained video has raised the difficulties in crime specification by maximizing the complexity range of the data. To overcome this issue, this research has designed a novel lion‐based deep belief neural paradigm (LbDBNP) to identify criminals by their activities and handling tools. Initially, three types of datasets were trained to the system then the training flaws were eliminated in the preprocessing layer. Hereafter, the cleaned data is imported to the classification module to detect the crime events present in the video. Subsequently, the designed model is implemented using the Python framework in Windows 10 platform. To evaluate the efficiency of the designed model, the attack is launched in the proposed model after those metrics are calculated. In addition, the robustness of the designed system is verified by three datasets, such as UCSDped1, UCSDped2, and avenue crime. Also, the key parameters of the designed model have been evaluated and compared with other existing schemes to verify the proposed model's robustness by achieving the finest outcomes.
Approaches to minimize the effects of P‐glycoprotein in drug transport: A review
Authors: Husain Athar , Makadia Vishal , Valicherla Guru R. , Riyazuddin Mohammed , Gayen Jiaur R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a transporter protein that is come under the ATP binding cassette family of proteins. It is situated on the surface of the intestine epithelium, where P‐gp substrate binds to the transporter and is pumped into the intestine lumen by the ATP‐driven energy‐dependent process. In this review, we summarize the role of the P‐gp efflux transporter situated on the intestine, the clinical importance of P‐gp related drug interactions, and approaches to minimize the effect of P‐gp in drug transport. This review also focuses on the impact of P‐gp on the bioavailability of the orally administered drug. Many drug's oral bioavailabilities can improve by concomitant use of P‐gp inhibitors. Multidrug resistance are reduced by using some naturally occurring compounds obtained from plants and several synthetic P‐gp inhibitors. Formulation strategies, one of the most important approaches to mimic the P‐gp transporter's action, finally enhancing the oral bioavailability of the drug by inhibiting its P‐gp efflux. Vitamin E TPGS, Gelucire 44/14 and other pharmaceutical/formulation excipients inhibit the P‐gp efflux. A prodrug approach might be a useful strategy to overcome drug resistance. Prodrug helps to enhance the solubility or alter the pharmacokinetic properties but does not diminish the pharmacological action.
Landscape‐scale conservation mitigates the biodiversity loss of grassland birds
Authors: Pavlacky David C. , Green Adam W. , George Thomas Luke , Iovanna Rich , Bartuszevige Anne M. , Correll Maureen D. , Panjabi Arvind O. , Ryder Thomas Brandt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe decline of biodiversity from anthropogenic landscape modification is among the most pressing conservation problems worldwide. In North America, long‐term population declines have elevated the recovery of the grassland avifauna to among the highest conservationpriorities. Because the vast majority of grasslands of the Great Plains are privately owned, the recovery of these ecosystems and bird populations within them depend on landscape‐scale conservation strategies that integrate social, economic, and biodiversity objectives. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program for private agricultural producers administered by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides financial incentives to take cropland out of production and restore perennial grassland. We investigated spatial patterns of grassland availability and restoration to inform landscape‐scale conservation for a comprehensive community of grassland birds in the Great Plains. The research objectives were to (1) determine how apparent habitat loss has affected spatial patterns of grassland bird biodiversity, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of CRP for offsetting the biodiversity declines of grassland birds, and (3) develop spatially explicit predictions to estimate the biodiversity benefit of adding CRP to landscapes impacted by habitat loss. We used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of habitat loss and restoration on both the occupancy and species richness of grassland specialists within a continuum‐modeling framework. We found the odds of community occupancy declined by 37% for every 1 SD decrease in grassland availability [loge(km2)] and increased by 20% for every 1 SD increase in CRP land cover [loge(km2)]. There was 17% turnover in species composition between intact grasslands and CRP landscapes, suggesting that grasslands restored by CRP retained considerable, but incomplete, representation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Spatially explicit predictions indicated that absolute conservation outcomes were greatest at high latitudes in regions with high biodiversity, whereas the relative outcomes were greater at low latitudes in highly modified landscapes. By evaluating community‐wide responses to landscape modification and CRP restoration at bioregional scales, our study fills key information gaps for developing collaborative strategies, and for balancing conservation of avian biodiversity and social well‐being in the agricultural production landscapes of the Great Plains.
Increasing fire frequency and severity will increase habitat loss for a boreal forest indicator species
Authors: Palm Eric C. , Suitor Michael J. , Joly Kyle , Herriges Jim D. , Kelly Allicia P. , Hervieux Dave , Russell Kelsey L. M. , Bentzen Torsten W. , Larter Nicholas C. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change will lead to more frequent and more severe fires in some areas of boreal forests, affecting the distribution and availability of late‐successional forest communities. These forest communities help to protect globally significant carbon reserves beneath permafrost layers and provide habitat for many animal species, including forest‐dwelling caribou. Many caribou populations are declining, yet the mechanisms by which changing fire regimes could affect caribou declines are poorly understood. We analyzed resource selection of 686 GPS‐collared female caribou from three ecotypes and 15 populations in a ~600,000 km2 region of northwest Canada and eastern Alaska. These populations span a wide gradient of fire frequency but experience low levels of human‐caused habitat disturbance. We used a mixed‐effects modeling framework to characterize caribou resource selection in response to burns at different seasons and spatiotemporal scales, and to test for functional responses in resource selection to burn availability. We also tested mechanisms driving observed selection patterns using burn severity and lichen cover data. Caribou avoided burns more strongly during winter relative to summer and at larger spatiotemporal scales relative to smaller scales. During the winter, caribou consistently avoided burns at both spatiotemporal scales as burn availability increased, indicating little evidence of a functional response. However, they decreased their avoidance of burns during summer as burn availability increased. Burn availability explained more variation in caribou selection for burns than ecotype. Within burns, caribou strongly avoided severely burned areas in winter, and this avoidance lasted nearly 30 years after a fire. Caribou within burns also selected higher cover of terrestrial lichen (an important caribou food source). We found a negative relationship between burn severity and lichen cover, confirming that caribou avoidance of burns was consistent with lower lichen abundance. Consistent winter avoidance of burns and severely burned areas suggests that caribou will experience increasing winter habitat loss as fire frequency and severity increase. Our results highlight the potential for climate‐induced alteration of natural disturbance regimes to affect boreal biodiversity through habitat loss. We suggest that management strategies prioritizing protection of core winter range habitat with lower burn probabilities would provide important climate‐change refugia for caribou.
Troubled spots: Human impacts constrain the density of an apex predator inside protected areas
Authors: Rogan Matthew S. , Distiller Greg , Balme Guy A. , Pitman Ross T. , Mann Gareth K. H. , Dubay Shannon M. , Whittington‐Jones Gareth M. , Thomas Lisa H. , Broadfield Joleen , Knutson Thandiwe , O'Riain M. Justin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEffective conservation requires understanding the processes that determine population outcomes. Too often, we assume that protected areas conserve wild populations despite evidence that they frequently fail to do so. Without large‐scale studies, however, we cannot determine what relationships are the product of localized conditions versus general patterns that inform conservation more broadly. Leopards’ (Panthera pardus) basic ecology is well studied but little research has investigated anthropogenic effects on leopard density at broad scales. We investigated the drivers of leopard density among 27 diverse protected areas in northeastern South Africa to understand what conditions facilitate abundant populations. We formulated 10 working hypotheses that considered the relative influence of bottom‐up biological factors and top‐down anthropogenic factors on leopard density. Using camera‐trap survey data, we fit a multi‐session spatial capture–recapture model with inhomogenous density for each hypothesis and evaluated support using an information theoretic approach. The four supported hypotheses indicated that leopard density is primarily limited by human impacts, but that habitat suitability and management conditions also matter. The proportion of camera stations that recorded domestic animals, a proxy for the extent of human impacts and protected area effectiveness, was the only predictor variable present in all four supported models. Protected areas are the cornerstone of large felid conservation, but only when the human–wildlife interface is well managed and protected areas shelter wildlife populations from anthropogenic impacts. To ensure the long‐term abundance of large carnivore populations, reserve managers should recognize the ineffectiveness of “paper parks” and promote contiguous networks of protected areas that offer leopards and other large mammal populations greater space and reduced human impacts.
Stereotyped B‐cell responses are linked to IgG constant region polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lindeman Ida , Polak Justyna , Qiao Shuo‐Wang , Holmøy Trygve , Høglund Rune A. , Vartdal Frode , Berg‐Hansen Pål , Sollid Ludvig M. , Lossius Andreas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClonally related B cells infiltrate the brain, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, but the mechanisms driving the B‐cell response and shaping the immunoglobulin repertoires remain unclear. Here, we used single‐cell full‐length RNA‐seq and BCR reconstruction to simultaneously assess the phenotypes, isotypes, constant region polymorphisms, and the paired heavy‐ and light‐chain repertoires in intrathecal B cells. We detected extensive clonal connections between the memory B cell and antibody‐secreting cell (ASC) compartments and observed clonally related cells of different isotypes including IgM/IgG1, IgG1/IgA1, IgG1/IgG2, and IgM/IgA1. There was a strong dominance of the G1m1 allotype constant region polymorphisms in ASCs, but not in memory B cells. Tightly linked to the G1m1 allotype, we found a preferential pairing of the immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable (IGHV)4 gene family with the κ variable (IGKV)1 gene family. The IGHV4‐39 gene was most used and showed the highest frequency of pairing with IGKV1‐5 and IGKV1(D)‐33. These results link IgG constant region polymorphisms to stereotyped B‐cell responses in MS and indicate that the intrathecal B‐cell response in these patients could be directed against structurally similar epitopes.
Application of partial wire mesh and particle image velocimetry for rectangular phase change material containers as efficient thermal energy storage systems
Authors: Nabilou Hamoun , Gharali Kobra , Ebadi Soroush , Maleki Dastjerdi Sajad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn experimental setup is built to improve the charging process of a bio‐based phase change material inside a rectangular latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system. In addition to experimenting with different porosities of full‐coverage wire mesh, a novel method of partial wire mesh placement at a proper location is used for improving conduction and maintaining natural convection, proven by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. Although acquiring PIV images from coconut oil is challenging because of the laser reflection, the image capturing and processing have been completed successfully. Temperatures inside the enclosure were measured using four K‐type thermocouples, and the melt fraction was calculated using captured images. The full‐size mesh results in a more uniform temperature distribution, and its charging time for porosities of 88% and 82% is decreased by 41% and 52%, respectively. The results of partial wire mesh placements indicate that a top‐only approach leads to a time reduction of only 7%. However, the bottom‐only approach yields a time reduction of 34% and the value of 3.8 for the charging time reduction over the porosity reduction parameter, which is the highest among all experiments. Additionally, this placement eliminates sudden temperature spikes, which improves the performance of the LHTES system and results in an economical and practical configuration. Moreover, the PIV test shows sustained convective velocities at the top half of the enclosure with a partial mesh at the bottom, demonstrating improved natural convection compared to that of a full‐size mesh implementation which weakens convection. Therefore, contrary to full‐size meshes used in previous works, a bottom‐only mesh placement can enhance conduction and convection simultaneously, which can be utilized in practical applications.
Protective effect of feruloylated oligosaccharides on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats
Authors: Gong Lingxiao , Hu Linlin , Wang Hongna , Chen Rui , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFeruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs), comprising ferulic acid and arabinoxylans, have already been proved to possess beneficial properties that are closely related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims at investigating the protective effect of FOs on chronic UC rats and its regulatory mechanisms. The study demonstrated that FOs alleviated the chronic UC through a combination of pharmacological mechanisms, including antioxidant, inhibiting the inflammatory response, improving the gut barrier and modulating the overall structure of gut microbiota. FOs showed immunomodulatory effect by downregulating the relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in colon tissue. In addition, the FOs exhibited antioxidant activity by increasing SOD activity but reducing MDA content, iNOS activity and NO content. In terms of intestinal barrier, FOs inhibited gut barrier damages by enhancing tight junction protein expression (claudin‐3, occluding, and ZO‐1) and recovering the ultrastructure of intestinal barrier. Moreover, FOs also could partially restore the intestinal biodiversity in the DSS‐induced UC rats and increased the species richness of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Roseburia. These findings provide novel insights into the FOs‐mediated alleviation of chronic UC and will facilitate the preventive strategies for chronic UC.
Soft‐tissue sarcoma with MN1‐BEND2 fusion: A case report and comparison with astroblastoma
Authors: Yoshida Akihiko , Satomi Kaishi , Kobayashi Eisuke , Ryo Eijitsu , Matsushita Yuko , Narita Yoshitaka , Ichimura Koichi , Kawai Akira , Mori Taisuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMN1‐BEND2 is considered as a defining gene fusion of astroblastoma. Herein, we report the first case of soft‐tissue sarcoma with this fusion. The tumor developed in the abdominal wall of an 87‐year‐old woman, and consisted of a striking storiform growth of low‐grade spindle cells admixed with a dense proliferation of oval cells with a higher nuclear atypia and mitotic activity. The sarcoma was immunohistochemically positive for actin but negative for S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Olig2. Targeted RNA sequencing identified an in‐frame MN1 (exon 1)‐BEND2 (exon 11) fusion transcript, which was validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and MN1 break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. DNA methylation profiling revealed that the tumor did not match any sarcoma classes based on the DKFZ classifier. Using T‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis, the sarcoma was plotted close to the provisional class “Sarcoma (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor‐like),” despite no phenotypic resemblance. Copy number analysis using methylation data demonstrated losses at 2q, 8p, 9p, 11p, 14q, 19q, and 22q. When compared with a cerebral astroblastoma sample with MN1 (exon 1)‐BEND2 (exon 9) fusion, the sarcoma showed no resemblance in histology, immunophenotype, or DNA methylation profile, although they shared copy number loss at 14q, 19q, and 22q. The present report demonstrated that MN1‐BEND2 is another example of a pleiotropic fusion gene that is shared among different tumor types.
Understanding the impacts of predecessor rain events on flood hazard in a changing climate
Authors: Khatun Amina , Ganguli Poulomi , Bisht Deepak Singh , Chatterjee Chandranath , Sahoo Bhabagrahi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study, for the first time, investigates the physical association between Predecessor Rain Events (PREs) and peak runoff generation in seven catchments over the Upper Mahanadi River basin (UMRB), India. A statistical–dynamical framework is developed to assess the compounding impact of PREs (as preconditioned events) versus riverine floods during both retrospective and projected climate. Based on models' fidelity to capture historical climatology, we select four out of nine Global Climate Models (GCMs) during historical (1980–2005), and the three projected time windows, that is, near future (2010–2039), mid‐century (2040–2069), and the far future (2070–2099) planning horizons with RCP8.5 emission scenario. We assess changes in compound flood hazards in historical versus projected periods using a newly proposed Bivariate Hazard Ratio (BHR) index, which represents the ratio between bivariate return periods during the projected versus the historical time windows. Assessing bivariate return periods (characterized by ‘AND’ operator) of rainfall‐driven compound floods shows decreased flood hazard in the mid‐century and far‐future planning horizons. Accounting ranges of uncertainty from climate model simulations and the propagation of uncertainty across the numerical model chain, overall we show considering PRE as the covariate, floods in larger catchments show an increase in compound flood hazard in the projected period.