bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergonomics in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ryan Matthew T. , Montgomery Emily A. , Fryer Jacob , Yang Alex W. , Mills Channah , Watson Nora , Noller Michael , Riley Charles A. , Tolisano Anthony M. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of otolaryngologists with work‐related musculoskeletal discomfort (WRMD) and to review objective ergonomic data that contribute to WRMD.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature identified 1121 articles for initial review of which 19 (3563 participants) met criteria for qualitative discussion and eight (2192 participants) met criteria for meta‐analysis. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to estimate the proportion of otolaryngologists reporting WRMD.ResultsThe overall proportion (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of general otolaryngologists reporting WRMD was 0.79 (0.66, 0.88) for any symptoms; 0.54 (0.40, 0.67) for neck symptoms; 0.33 (0.20, 0.49) for shoulder symptoms; and 0.49 (0.40, 0.59) for back symptoms. Surgeons performing primarily subspecialty cases had a lower estimated overall prevalence of WRMD versus those performing general ENT cases, however the odds ratio (OR) was not statistically significant (OR [95% confidence interval] 0.53 [0.22, 1.25]). 23%–84% of otolaryngologists underwent medical treatment for WRMD. 5%–23% took time off work and 1%–6% stopped operating completely as a result of WRMD. 23%–62.5% of otolaryngologists believed WRMD negatively impacted their quality of life. Objective measures of ergonomic posture indicate moderate to severe risk of injury during the routine clinic and surgical procedures with none found to be low risk.ConclusionsErgonomic stressors among otolaryngologists contribute to a high rate of WRMD across all subspecialties with notable impact on productivity, longevity, and quality of life. Laryngoscope, 133:467–475, 2023
Creating a provincial post COVID‐19 interdisciplinary clinical care network as a learning health system during the pandemic: Integrating clinical care and research
Authors: Levin Adeera , Malbeuf Michelle , Hoens Alison M , Carlsten Christopher , Ryerson Christopher J , Cau Alessandro , Bryan Stirling , Robinson Jaclyn , Tarling Tamsin , Shum Joanne , Lavallee Danielle C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) affects multiple organ systems in the acute phase and also has long‐term sequelae. Research on the long‐term impacts of COVID‐19 is limited. The Post COVID‐19 Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Network (PC‐ICCN), conceived in July 2020, is a provincially funded resource that is modelled as a Learning Health System (LHS), focused on those people with persistent symptoms post COVID‐19 infection.MethodsThe PC‐ICCN emerged through collaboration among over 60 clinical specialists, researchers, patients, and health administrators. At the core of the network are the post COVID‐19 Recovery Clinics (PCRCs), which provide direct patient care that includes standardized testing and education at regular follow‐up intervals for a minimum of 12 months post enrolment. The PC‐ICCN patient registry captures data on all COVID‐19 patients with confirmed infection, by laboratory testing or epi‐linkage, who have been referred to one of five post COVID‐19 Recovery Clinics at the time of referral, with data stored in a fully encrypted Oracle‐based provincial database. The PC‐ICCN has centralized administrative and operational oversight, multi‐stakeholder governance, purpose built data collection supported through clinical operations geographically dispersed across the province, and research operations including data analytics.ResultsTo date, 5364 patients have been referred, with an increasing number and capacity of these clinics, and 2354 people have had at least one clinic visit. Since inception, the PC‐ICCN has received over 30 research proposal requests. This is aligned with the goal of creating infrastructure to support a wide variety of research to improve care and outcomes for patients experiencing long‐term symptoms following COVID‐19 infection.ConclusionsThe PC‐ICCN is a first‐in‐kind initiative in British Columbia to enhance knowledge and understanding of the sequelae of COVID‐19 infection over time. This provincial initiative serves as a model for other national and international endeavors to enable care as research and research as care.
DNA Hydrogels in the Perspective of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Cao Dengjie , Xie Yujie , Song Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTailoring the mechanical properties has always been a key to the field of hydrogels in terms of different applications. Particularly, DNA hydrogels offer an unambiguous way to precisely tune the mechanical properties, largely on account of their programmable sequences, abundant responding toolbox, and various ligation approaches. In this review, DNA hydrogels from the perspective of mechanical properties, from a synthetic standpoint to different applications, are introduced. The relationship between the structure and their mechanical properties in DNA hydrogels and the methods of regulating the mechanical properties of DNA hydrogels are specifically summarized. Furthermore, several recent applications of DNA hydrogels in relation to their mechanical properties are discussed. Benefiting from the tunability and flexibility, rational design of mechanical properties in DNA hydrogels provided unheralded interest from fundamental science to extensive applications.
Clp ATPases differentially affect natural competence development in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pandey Satya D. , Biswas Indranil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn naturally competent bacteria, DNA transformation through horizontal gene transfer is an evolutionary mechanism to receive extracellular DNA. Bacteria need to maintain a state of competence to accept foreign DNA, and this is an energy‐driven phenomenon that is tightly controlled. In Streptococcus, competence development is a complex process that is not fully understood. In this study, we used Streptococcus mutans, an oral bacterium, to determine how cell density affects competence development. We found that in S. mutans the transformation efficiency is maximum when the transforming DNA was added at low cell density and incubated for 2.5 h before selecting for transformants. We also found that S. mutans cells remain competent until the mid‐logarithmic phase, after which the competence decreases drastically. Surprisingly, we observed that individual components of Clp proteolytic complexes differentially regulate competence. If the transformation is carried out at the early growth phase, both ClpP protease and ClpX ATPase are needed for competence. In contrast, we found that both ClpC and ClpE negatively affect competence. We also found that if the transformation is carried out at the mid‐logarithmic growth phase ClpX is still required for competence, but ClpP negatively affects competence. While the exact reason for this differential effect of ClpP and ClpX on transformation is currently unknown, we found that both ClpC and ClpE have a negative effect on transformation, which was not reported before.
Locus Coeruleus Integrity from 7 T MRI Relates to Apathy and Cognition in Parkinsonian Disorders
Authors: Ye Rong , O'Callaghan Claire , Rua Catarina , Hezemans Frank H. , Holland Negin , Malpetti Maura , Jones P. Simon , Barker Roger A. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Robbins Trevor W. , Passamonti Luca , Rowe James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Spatial precision of LC imaging is improved with ultrahigh field 7 T magnetic resonance imaging.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of LC pathological change in PD and PSP and the transdiagnostic relationship between LC signals and neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsTwenty‐five people with idiopathic PD, 14 people with probable PSP‐Richardson's syndrome, and 24 age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Participants underwent clinical assessments and high‐resolution (0.08 mm3) 7 T‐magnetization‐transfer imaging to measure LC integrity in vivo. Spatial patterns of LC change were obtained using subregional mean contrast ratios and significant LC clusters; we further correlated the LC contrast with measures of apathy and cognition, using both mixed‐effect models and voxelwise analyses.ResultsPSP and PD groups showed significant LC degeneration in the caudal subregion relative to controls. Mixed‐effect models revealed a significant interaction between disease‐group and apathy‐related correlations with LC degeneration (β = 0.46, SE [standard error] = 0.17, F(1, 35) = 7.46, P = 0.01), driven by a strong correlation in PSP (β = −0.58, SE = 0.21, t(35) = −2.76, P = 0.009). Across both disease groups, voxelwise analyses indicated that lower LC integrity was associated with worse cognition and higher apathy scores.ConclusionsThe relationship between LC and nonmotor symptoms highlights a role for noradrenergic dysfunction across both PD and PSP, confirming the potential for noradrenergic therapeutic strategies to address transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral features in neurodegenerative disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Functional validation of a novel AAAS variant in an atypical presentation of Allgrove syndrome
Authors: Macke Erica L. , Morales‐Rosado Joel A. , Macklin‐Mantia Sarah K. , Schmitz Christopher T. , Oskarsson Björn , Klee Eric W. , Wierenga Klaas J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAchalasia‐addisonianism‐alacrima syndrome, frequently referred to as Allgrove syndrome or Triple A syndrome, is a multisystem disorder resulting from homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene encoding aladin (AAAS). Aladin is a member of the WD‐repeat family of proteins and is a component of the nuclear pore complex. It is thought to be involved in nuclear import and export of molecules. Here, we describe an individual with a paternally inherited truncating variant and a maternally inherited, novel missense variant in AAAS presenting with alacrima, achalasia, anejaculation, optic atrophy, muscle weakness, dysarthria, and autonomic dysfunction.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed in the proband, sister, and parents. Variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The localization of aladin to the nuclear pore was assessed in cells expressing the patient variant.ResultsFunctional testing of the maternally inherited variant, p.(Arg270Pro), demonstrated decreased localization of aladin to the nuclear pore in cells expressing the variant, indicating a deleterious effect. Follow‐up testing in the proband's affected sister revealed that she also inherited the biallelic AAAS variants.ConclusionsReview of the patient's clinical, pathological, and genetic findings resulted in a diagnosis of Triple A syndrome.
Myelin water fraction mapping from multiple echo spin echoes and an independent B1+ map
Authors: Mehdizadeh Nima , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeMyelin water fraction (MWF) is often obtained from a multiple echo spin echo (MESE) sequence using multi‐component T2 fitting with non‐negative least squares. This process fits many unknowns including B1+ to produce a T2 spectrum for each voxel. Presented is an alternative using a rapid B1+ mapping sequence to supply B1+ for the MWF fitting procedure.MethodsEffects of B1+ errors on MWF calculations were modeled for 2D and 3D MESE using Bloch and extended phase graph simulations, respectively. Variations in SNR and relative refocusing widths were tested. Human brain experiments at 3 T used 2D MESE and an independent B1+ map. MWF maps were produced with the standard approach and with the use of the independent B1+ map. Differences in B1+ and mean MWF in specific brain regions were compared.ResultsFor 2D MESE, MWF with the standard method was strongly affected by B1+ misestimations arising from limited SNR and response asymmetry around 180°, which decreased with increasing relative refocusing width. Using an independent B1+ map increased mean MWF and decreased coefficient of variation. Notable differences in vivo in 2D MESE were in areas of high B1+ such as thalamus and splenium where mean MWF increased by 88% and 31%, respectively (P < 0.001). Simulations also demonstrated the advantages of this approach for 3D MESE when SNR is <500.ConclusionFor 2D MESE, because of increased complexity of decay curves and limited SNR, supplying B1+ improves MWF results in peripheral and central brain regions where flip angles differ substantially from 180°.
Segmenting electroencephalography wires reduces radiofrequency shielding artifacts in simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T
Authors: Lê Thanh Phong , Gruetter Rolf , Jorge João , Ipek Özlem 
Published: May 2022

PurposeSimultaneous scalp electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) enable noninvasive assessment of brain function with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, at ultra‐high field, the data quality of both modalities is degraded by mutual interactions. Here, we thoroughly investigated the radiofrequency (RF) shielding artifact of a state‐of‐the‐art EEG‐fMRI setup, at 7 T, and design a practical solution to limit this issue.MethodsElectromagnetic field simulations and MR measurements assessed the shielding effect of the EEG setup, more specifically the EEG wiring. The effectiveness of segmenting the wiring with resistors to reduce the transmit field disruption was evaluated on a wire‐only EEG model and a simulation model of the EEG cap.ResultsThe EEG wiring was found to exert a dominant effect on the disruption of the transmit field, whose intensity varied periodically as a function of the wire length. Breaking the electrical continuity of the EEG wires into segments shorter than one quarter RF wavelength in air (25 cm at 7 T) reduced significantly the RF shielding artifacts. Simulations of the EEG cap with segmented wires indicated similar improvements for a moderate increase of the power deposition.ConclusionWe demonstrated that segmenting the EEG wiring into shorter lengths using commercially available nonmagnetic resistors is effective at reducing RF shielding artifacts in simultaneous EEG‐fMRI. This prevents the formation of RF‐induced standing waves, without substantial specific absorption rate (SAR) penalties, and thereby enables benefiting from the functional sensitivity boosts achievable at ultra‐high field.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant containment control for stochastic nonlinear multi‐agent systems with input saturation
Authors: Cheng Shen , Cheng Zhijian , Ren Hongru , Lu Renquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article considers the fault‐tolerate containment control problem for stochastic nonlinear multi‐agent systems in the presence of input saturation and sensor faults. In order to solve the problem of input saturation, a smooth function is used to approximate the controller saturation function. Due to the excellent approximation characteristic, neural network (NN) is used to deal with unknown nonlinear functions and unknown sensor faults. Meanwhile, by using the auxiliary system and combining adaptive backstepping technique with adaptive NN control, a fault‐tolerant containment control approach is proposed. By using graph theory and stochastic Lyapunov stability theory, it can be proved that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in probability. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Effect of ultrasonic vibration time on the molecular stacking structure and mechanical properties of the injection molding workpiece
Authors: Zou Dejian , Yu Tongmin , Duan Chunzheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo study the effect of the high‐frequency vibration time on the mechanical properties of the injection molding workpieces, apply an improved ultrasonic vibrator which contains the original ultrasonic vibrator and the mold insert to change the crystal structure during the melt cooling stage. The crystallinity, crystal perfection, and yield stress characteristics of the workpieces under three injection temperatures were compared with those without ultrasonic vibration. Results manifested that the change of the yield stress and cross‐section crystallinity of the sample obeys the Gaussian distribution at a specific ultrasonic vibration time. The maximum yield strength and the maximum change of the workpiece were 39.06 MPa (220°C, 8 s) and 12.70% (240°C, 10 s), respectively. With the ultrasonic vibration time increased, the crystallinity of the specimen surface decreased; the transition layer and crystal perfection increased first and then decreased. Therefore, considering the relationship between the ultrasonic vibration time and the yield stress, the vibration effect played a critical role at the initial stage of the ultrasonic vibration; the vibration induced the thermodynamics effect required a certain vibration time. This study contributed to changing the mechanism of crystal structure and yield stress under different ultrasonic vibration time.
Therapist‐led interventions for the treatment of traumatic stress symptoms in cancer survivors: A systematic literature review
Authors: D’Errico Danila , Schröder Thomas , Gresswell Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe reviewed the evidence regarding the effectiveness of therapist‐led interventions for reducing symptoms of traumatic stress in cancer survivors.MethodsThis systematic review was completed in accordance with the guidelines illustrated by Popay and colleagues and the following online databases, PsychInfo, Medline, CINAHL, were searched for peer‐reviewed literature. Further studies were searched through Google Scholar and manually scanning the reference lists of all included studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to report results.ResultsSixteen studies were identified, their quality varied and the interventions broadly fell into two categories: CBT‐based and non‐CBT interventions. Effect sizes were small to moderate in 12 studies and large in four. Drop‐out rates were mostly low.ConclusionThis review has demonstrated that the research in this field is still scarce and due to the data mostly suggesting a small to moderate effect, firm conclusions cannot be drawn on the effectiveness of the included interventions.
Ag2S Nanoparticles Evolved into Luminescent AgInS2@In2S3 Heteronanoparticles through Dual Formation Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Chang Cheng , Liu Peifeng , Lei Junyu , Cai Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA deep understanding of the growth kinetics and mechanism of metal sulfide nanostructure is helpful in preparing nanomaterials with controllable structures. This study reports a facile synthetic protocol for the luminescent AgInS2@In2S3 core@shell heteronanoparticles through the reaction of preformed Ag2S nanoparticles with excess [(C4H9)2NCS2]3In in dodecanethiol. A dual formation mechanism for the orthorhombic AgInS2 (o‐AgInS2) component is proposed, that is, the cation exchange of partial Ag+ in Ag2S nanoparticle by In3+ to produce the metastable AgInS2 and alloying of the In2S3 formed through direct decomposition of [(C4H9)2NCS2]3In with Ag2S nanoparticles to produce AgInS2. Following the dual formation mechanism, the Ag2S nanoparticle first evolves into the intermediate Ag2−3δInδS/o‐AgInS2 Janus heteronanoparticle without band‐edge emission of o‐AgInS2, then converts to the o‐AgInS2 nanoparticle, and finally transforms to the o‐AgInS2@In2S3 core@shell heteronanoparticle with band‐edge emission of o‐AgInS2. The appearance of band‐edge emission might be attributed to the removal of the surface defects of the o‐AgInS2 core by coating the In2S3 shell. This study would provide a facile protocol for the synthesis of IB‐IIIA‐VIA2 nanomaterials with controlled architecture and benefit the development of monochromatic luminescent apparatus.
Neurocognitive monitoring in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome with the NIH Toolbox®
Authors: Welbel Remi Z. , Rand Casey M. , Zhou Amy , Fadl‐Alla Allaa , Chen Maida Lynn , Weese‐Mayer Debra E. , Zelko Frank A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCongenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare neurocristopathy, caused by mutations in the paired‐like homeobox gene PHOX2B, which alters control of breathing and autonomic nervous system regulation, necessitating artificial ventilation as life‐support. A broad range of neurocognitive performance has been reported in CCHS, including an array of cognitive deficits. We administered the NIH Toolbox® Cognition Battery (NTCB), a novel technology comprised of seven tasks presented via an interactive computer tablet application, to a CCHS cohort and studied its convergent and divergent validity relative to traditional clinical neurocognitive measures. The NTCB was administered to 51 CCHS participants, including a subcohort of 24 who also received traditional clinical neurocognitive testing (Wechsler Intelligence Scales). Age‐corrected NTCB scores from the overall sample and subcohort were compared to population norms. Associations between NTCB indices and Wechsler Intelligence scores were studied to determine the convergent and divergent validity of the NTCB. NTCB test results indicated reduced Fluid Cognition, which measures new learning and speeded information processing (p < 0.001), but intact Crystallized Cognition, which measures past learning, in CCHS relative to population norms. Moderate to strong associations (r > 0.60) were found between age‐corrected NTCB Fluid and Crystallized indices and comparable Wechsler indices, supporting the convergent and discriminant validity of the NTCB. Results reveal deficits of Fluid Cognition in individuals with CCHS and indicate that the NTCB is a valid and sensitive measure of cognitive outcomes in this population. Our findings suggest that the NTCB may play a useful role in tracking neurocognition in CCHS.
Research on Impact‐Induced Reactive Characteristics of Reactive Materials Under Low Air Pressure
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Xingyun , Li Biaobiao , Quan Jialin , Geng Wanjun , Yuan Baohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReactive materials (RMs) are usually prepared from metal/non‐metal mixed powders through hot processing. The main feature of the material is that it will react and release energy when impacted. However, the impact‐induced chemical energy release during impact has a complicated mechanism and needs to be further explored. This work investigated the impact‐induced chemical process by split Hopkinson pressure bar and low‐pressure experimental system, different atmospheric pressure environment has been simulated. Moreover, High‐speed photography was used to reveal the macroscopic ignition phenomena. Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the material composition of raw and recovered specimens. The results of the experiments described here clearly show that metal reacts with oxygen and PTFE at atmospheric environment, which reaction produces are metal oxides and metal‐fluoropolymers. However, the material only undergoes fluorination reaction at low pressure, which reaction produces only has metal‐fluoropolymers. Meanwhile, the reactive ratio of the material increases with the pressure increase, furthermore, the maximum reaction ratio of the material in an atmospheric pressure environment is about 29.5 %, which reaction ratio is 4.7 times more than the pressure of 750 Pa.