bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RadOrgMiner pipeline: Automated genotyping of organellar loci from RADseq data
Authors: Laczkó Levente , Jordán Sándor , Sramkó Gábor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Different versions of Restriction‐site‐Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) have become powerful and popular tools in molecular ecology. Although RADseq datasets are generally regarded as representative of the nuclear genome, reduced representation genomic libraries may also sample the organellar (i.e. the mitochondrial and, in the case of plants, the plastid) DNA. This cytoplasmic genetic variance provides a better understanding of evolutionary history by uncovering past hybridisation and identifying maternal or, rarely, paternal lineage due to rapid lineage sorting.

We developed a pipeline that is based on existing bioinformatic tools to automatically mine and genotype organellar loci from RADseq libraries. The efficacy of our pipeline is tested on eight publicly available datasets spanning different phylogenetic levels (i.e. from family‐level phylogenies to phylogeography) and RADseq methods (sdRAD, ddRAD, ezRAD, GBS) for genotyping mitochondrial and plastid loci, which were subject to phylogenetic tree reconstruction.

In all cases, organellar phylogenies adequately supplemented the original studies by corroborating the large‐scale picture based on RADseq or by bringing additional evidence on past or contemporary hybridisation. RADseq methods designed to achieve larger horizontal coverage (i.e. ddRAD, ezRAD) yielded longer organellar alignments, but sdRAD and GBS still provided valuable polymorphic organellar loci at no additional sequencing effort.

Our newly developed pipeline can be run under a Unix‐like operating system and is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619190
The Australia and New Zealand Congenital Outcomes Registry for Surgery (ANZCORS): methodology and preliminary results
Authors: Marathe Supreet P. , Suna Jessica , Betts Kim S. , Merlo Greg , Konstantinov Igor E. , Iyengar Ajay J. , Venugopal Prem , Alphonso Nelson ,   ANZCORS Collaborative
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of multi‐institutional data and benchmarking is an accepted accreditation standard in cardiac surgery. Such a database does not exist for congenital cardiac surgery in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). To fill this gap, the ANZ Congenital Outcomes Registry for Surgery (ANZCORS) was established in 2017.MethodsInclusion criteria included all cardiothoracic and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedures performed at five participating centres. Data was collected by data managers, validated by the surgical team, and securely transmitted to a central repository.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2019, 9723 procedures were performed in 7003 patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass was utilized for 59% and 9% were ECMO procedures. Fifty‐seven percent (n = 5531) of the procedures were performed in children younger than 1 year of age. Twenty‐four percent of procedures (n = 2365) were performed in neonates (≤28 days) and 33% (n = 3166) were performed in children aged 29 days to 1 year (infants). The 30‐day mortality for cardiac cases (n = 6572) was 1.3% and there was no statistical difference between the participating centres (P = 0.491). Sixty‐nine percent of cases had no major post‐operative complications (5121/7456). For cardiopulmonary bypass procedures (n = 5774), median stay in intensive care and hospital was 2 days (IQR 1, 4) and 9 days (IQR 5, 18), respectively.ConclusionANZCORS has facilitated pooled data analysis for paediatric cardiac surgery across ANZ for the first time. Overall mortality was low. Non‐risk‐adjusted 30‐day mortality for individual procedures was similar in all units. The continued evaluation of surgical outcomes through ANZCORS will drive quality assessment in paediatric cardiac surgery across ANZ.
Birth during off‐hours: Impact of time of birth, staff´s seniority, and unit volume on maternal adverse outcomes—a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 87 065 deliveries
Authors: Pfniss Isabella , Gold Daniela , Holter Magdalena , Schöll Wolfgang , Berger Gerhard , Greimel Patrick , Lang Uwe , Reif Philipp 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether time of birth, unit volume, and staff seniority impact the incidence of maternal complications in deliveries ≥34 + 0 gestational weeks.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 87 065 deliveries occurring between 2004 and 2015 in ten public hospitals in Styria, Austria. A composite adverse maternal outcome measure of uterine atony, postpartum hysterectomy, postpartum bleeding, impaired wound healing, postpartum infections requiring antibiotic treatment, sepsis, or maternal death was used to compare outcomes by time of birth, unit volume, and staff seniority. Based on delivery data, generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to calculate the risk of maternal adverse outcomes.ResultsMaternal adverse events occurred in 1.33% of deliveries. Incidence of maternal adverse events was highest for units with >1000 deliveries (adjusted OR 1.40; CI 95%: 1.16–1.69) and higher for perinatal centers (adjusted OR 1.35; CI 95%: 1.15–1.57) compared with reference units (500–1000 deliveries/year). Delivery during the daytime compared with the afternoon and nighttime did not affect the incidence of maternal complications (P = 0.765 and P = 0.136, respectively). Compared with resident‐guided deliveries, the odds ratio for an adverse event was the same when a consultant attended the delivery (adjusted OR 1.13; CI 95%: 0.98–1.30) but lower in deliveries managed by midwives only (adjusted OR 0.21; CI 95%: 0.07–0.64).ConclusionProcedures performed during the night shift were not associated with increased complication rates. Delivery volume and high‐volume centers were associated with the highest risk of maternal complications, and units with 500–1000 deliveries per year were the lowest. With increasing odds of pregnancy risks, these results change, and delivering in a high‐volume center becomes at least as safe as delivering in a smaller unit.
A new strategy to clarify the thickness effect on the fatigue crack growth rate in high‐strength steels
Authors: Li He‐Fei , Cui Zhao‐Jia , Peng Lin‐Kai , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Duan Shu‐Yong , Zhang Jian‐Chao , Yang Shao‐Pu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is generally recognized that the fatigue failure of the cracked engineering components is a crucial issue, especially considering the sample thickness effect. Although numerous methods have been proposed, it is still unclear about the sample thickness effect on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate of metallic materials. Based on the plasticity‐induce crack closure and crack tunneling effect, we established an improved FCG model with a thickness factor T by the load analysis near the crack tip. The thickness factor could clarify the sample thickness effect on the FCG rate of high‐strength steels. Numerous fatigue data demonstrates that the improved model displays a fairly good relationship between the sample thickness and FCG rate. It would provide a new strategy to the FCG rate prediction of cracked structures through small size specimen.
Neuronal calcium sensor 2 is key to moulting and oocyte development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Lu , Cheng Xu , Tao Shuai , Peng Lu‐Yao , Zhu Zhen , Bao Yan‐Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntracellular calcium (Ca2+) is vital for signal transduction in many cellular events. Several Ca2+‐binding proteins mediate the transduction of intracellular calcium signals. The EF‐hand motifs containing neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins are mainly expressed in the nervous system, where they have important roles in the regulation of a variety of neuronal functions. NCS1 has four EF‐hand motifs and well‐defined neuronal development functions in a variety of eukaryotes. However, NCS2 has only been identified in invertebrates such as insects and nematodes thus far. The functions of NCS2 remain largely unknown. Here, we identified an orthologous NCS2 in the hemipteran Nilaparvata lugens. Based on qRT‐PCR, this gene was found to be primarily expressed in the brain. Knockdown of NCS2 in each nymphal instar by RNA interference led to lethality and caused aggradation and disordered arrangement of lipid droplets in the ovaries and testes of adults, which were associated with the absence of mature oocytes in female ovaries and reduction of spermiation in male adults. Our findings revealed a novel function for NCS2 as a regulator in development and reproduction and suggested that this protein had an important role in modulating lipid droplet remodelling in ovary and testis of N. lugens adults.
Sugar content in infant formula: Accuracy of labeling and conformity to guidelines
Authors: Awad Rawan , Kowash Mawlood , Hussein Iyad , Salami Anas , Abdo Mohamed , Al‐Halabi Manal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfant formulae are a primary source of nutrition during the first years of life, to which sugars are frequently added. This may contribute to adverse dental health problems if consumed excessively when coupled with prolonged and nocturnal feeding habits.AimTo assess the amount and type of dietary sugars in commercially available infant formulae in the UAE.DesignSucrose, glucose, and fructose were measured in 71 different brands of commercially available infant formulae for retail sale in the UAE. Analysis was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. Sugar values were compared with the reported levels on the nutritional labels. A comparison between findings, product labels, and international standards for infant formulae was performed.ResultsOf the 71 samples, 23 had detectable sugar levels, varying between sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Ten samples were found to have sugars contributing to more than 5% of total energy intake ranging between 5.68% and 27.06%. All infant formula packages had carbohydrate levels mentioned on the labels, but very few mentioned the added sugar content.ConclusionsMany infant formula products tested contained sugars that exceeded the standard recommended intake. Tighter regulations that monitor the amount of sugar in infant formulae and guidelines for comprehensive labeling systems are required.
Home‐based transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for high‐normal blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Jing‐Wen , Liu Jun‐Hong , Qi You‐Sheng , Tu Jian‐Feng , Tian Zhong‐Xue , Shi Guang‐Xia , Yan Shi‐Yan , Wang Li‐Qiong , Liu Cun‐Zhi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe authors investigated the effectiveness of home‐based transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with lifestyle modification on blood pressure (BP) control and explored the feasibility of the trial design in this prospective, randomized controlled trial. The authors recruited individuals with high‐normal BP who had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120–139 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80–89 mm Hg, or both. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either lifestyle modification combined with TEAS four times weekly for 12 weeks at home (intervention group) or solely lifestyle modification (control group). The primary outcome was the change in mean SBP at week 12 from the baseline measurement. A total of 60 participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio, and an intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed on all of the outcomes. The mean difference in the change in SBP for the intervention group (compared to the control) at week 12 was −3.85 mm Hg (95% CI: −7.58 to −.12; p = .043); for the DBP, the change was −2.27 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.76 to 1.23; p = .199). There was no difference in the proportion of progression to hypertension, quality of life, body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. In addition, two participants reported TEAS‐related adverse events. The authors found a reduction in SBP control in the pragmatic, home‐based intervention by using TEAS combined with lifestyle modification in adults with high‐normal BP.Trial Registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 1900024982) on August 6, 2019.
A clinical evaluation of a permanent hair dye designed to reduce allergic contact dermatitis and hair damage
Authors: Draelos Zoe Diana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPermanent hair dye is the most commonly used anti‐aging procedure used by both men and women. However, permanent hair dye can cause irritant contact dermatitis due to ammonia and allergic contact dermatitis due to paraphylenediamine (PPD).MethodsThis research examined an ammonia‐free and PPD‐free permanent hair dye in 50 ethnically diverse females 21–91 years of age who were current users of permanent hair dyes. Subjects were patch tested prior to dyeing. Two dye sessions were undertaken at baseline and 2–6 weeks post‐baseline depending on the dyeing habits of the subject.Results50/50 subjects successfully completed the study with no incidence of allergic or irritant contact dermatitis. After 2 dyeing procedures, the dermatologists rated an 87% improvement in hair shine, 90% improvement in hair color, 88% improvement in hair moisturization, 87% improvement in hair porosity, and 88% improvement in hair combability.ConclusionsA MEA‐based ammonia‐free cream hair color without PPD or resorcinol was safe for use on the hair and scalp of females with diverse hair types and textures.
The history and pharmacology of buprenorphine: New advances in cats
Authors: Clark Terrence P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpiates have a long history of medical use as effective analgesics associated with well‐described side effects, including euphoria, respiratory depression, constipation, bradycardia, and histamine release, among others. The search for opiate analogs that retain effective analgesic qualities without detrimental side effects has yielded numerous compounds, including buprenorphine. Early studies of buprenorphine demonstrated analgesic effectiveness with a favorable safety profile, leading to the approval of formulations for use in humans. Since then, advances in receptor theory and molecular cloning of opioid receptors have led to a deeper understanding of buprenorphine pharmacology. More recent studies of receptor affinity and intrinsic activity have shown that buprenorphine is a μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptor agonist, a nociceptin orphanin peptide agonist, and a δ‐opioid receptor antagonist. Buprenorphine appears to have a primary spinal analgesic mechanism with complex supraspinal actions. It is considered a full agonist for pain but a partial agonist for other clinical endpoints such as respiratory depression. In feline medicine, buprenorphine is approved as low‐ and high‐concentration injectable solutions, in addition to the most recently introduced long‐acting transdermal formulation. Several investigational and compounded formulations have also been evaluated. There are contrasting differentiable features that include pharmacokinetics, onsets‐ and durations‐of‐action, routes of administration, and formulation constituents. Available buprenorphine formulations allow clinicians to select a formulation based on the anticipated duration of pain associated with various surgical procedures, and to provide interventions as needed. In light of the newly approved transdermal buprenorphine solution in cats and progress in buprenorphine pharmacology, the objective of this review is to examine the history and pharmacology of buprenorphine relative to full opioid agonists, where appropriate, integrating these insights into advances within feline medicine.
Computationally Efficient Simulations of Stochastically Perturbed Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Breunung Thomas , Balachandran Balakumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A probabilistic approach is needed to address systems with uncertainties arising in natural processes and engineering applications. For computational convenience, however, the stochastic effects are often ignored. Thus, numerical integration routines for stochastic dynamical systems are rudimentary compared to those for the deterministic case. In this work, the authors present a method to carry out stochastic simulations by using methods developed for the deterministic case. Thereby, the well-developed numerical integration routines developed for deterministic systems become available for studies of stochastic systems. The convergence of the developed method is shown and the method's performance is demonstrated through illustrative examples.
Medication-related Medical Emergency Team activations: a case review study of frequency and preventability
Authors: Levkovich Bianca J , Orosz Judit , Bingham Gordon , Cooper D James , Dooley Michael , Kirkpatrick Carl , Jones Daryl A 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesDespite recognition of clinical deterioration and medication-related harm as patient safety risks, the frequency of medication-related Rapid Response System activations is undefined. We aimed to estimate the incidence and preventability of medication-related Medical Emergency Team (MET) activations and describe the associated adverse medication events.MethodsA case review study of consecutive MET activations at two acute, academic teaching hospitals in Melbourne, Australia with mature Rapid Response Systems was conducted. All MET activations during a 3-week study period were assessed for a medication cause including identification of the contributing adverse medication event and its preventability, using validated tools and recognised classification systems.ResultsThere were 9439 admissions and 628 MET activations during the study period. Of these, 146 (23.2%) MET activations were medication related: an incidence of 15.5 medication-related MET activation per 1000 admissions. Medication-related MET activations occurred a median of 46.6 hours earlier (IQR 22–165) in an admission than non-medication-related activations (p=0.001). Furthermore, this group also had more repeat MET activations during their admission (p=0.021, OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.59). A total of 92 of 146 (63%) medication-related MET activations were potentially preventable. Tachycardia due to omission of beta-blocking agents (10.9%, n=10 of 92) and hypotension due to cumulative toxicity (9.8%, n=9 of 92) or inappropriate use (10.9%, n=10 of 92) of antihypertensives were the most common adverse medication events leading to potentially preventable medication-related MET activations.ConclusionsMedications contributed to almost a quarter of MET activations, often early in a patient’s admission. One in seven MET activations were due to potentially preventable adverse medication events. The most common of these were omission of beta-blockers and clinically inappropriate antihypertensive use. Strategies to prevent these events would increase patient safety and reduce burden on the MET.
Discussões em torno da história e filosofia da biologia aplicadas ao ensino de biologia
Authors: Souza Pedro Leal de , Schwantes Lavínia 
Published: July 2022

A história e a filosofia da biologia buscam compreender, principalmente, como a biologia emergiu, se desenvolveu e estabeleceu. Sendo assim, estudos de história e filosofia da biologia oferecem diversas possibilidades para o ensino de biologia, no sentido de promover uma abordagem que busque contextualizar e aproximar a ciência biológica dos estudantes. Tendo isso em mente, buscamos neste trabalho, mapear a produção da revista Filosofia e História da Biologia, dedicada à história, filosofia da biologia e suas interfaces. Nesse sentido, analisamos um total de 262 artigos publicados no período entre 2006 e 2020, que correspondem a todas as publicações presentes na revista até a finalização desta pesquisa. Como resultado, encontramos: a) estudos que abordam a construção de conceitos específicos da Biologia; b) o desenvolvimento histórico e filosófico das subáreas da Biologia como, por exemplo, Evolução e Genética; c) a contribuição de autores específicos para estas áreas; d) e além dos artigos que tratam particularmente do ensino de biologia. Concluímos que, apesar de a maior parte das pesquisas não possuir como tema principal a educação, elas podem fornecer subsídios teóricos tal como diversas estratégias para a prática docente, como contextualizar a ciência biológica, aproximá-la dos estudantes e desenvolver um ensino de biologia menos fragmentado.
Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With Increased Cardiac Corin Expression But Decreased Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide Conversion Activity
Authors: Yang Shang‐Feng , Li Szu‐Yuan , Lin Feng‐Yen , Hsieh Tsung‐Han , Huang Po‐Hsun , Lin Shing‐Jong 
Published: July 2022

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin converts proatrial natriuretic peptide into its active form after being activated by PCSK6 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) protease. It remains unknown whether the PCSK6/corin/atrial natriuretic peptide pathway plays a role in CKD‐induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results
Serum corin, left ventricular mass index, and corin–left ventricular mass index correlation were compared between outpatients with versus without CKD. Cardiac corin expression and activity as well as serum corin were compared between 5/6 nephrectomy CKD animal models and sham controls. The effects of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, on cardiomyocytes were examined in vitro in H9c2 cells. A total of 543 patients were enrolled in this study. Serum corin levels were elevated in patients with CKD compared with levels in patients without CKD. Serum corin levels correlated negatively with left ventricular mass index in participants without CKD, but not in patients with CKD. Compared with sham controls, CKD mice had higher serum corin levels and increased cardiac expression of corin but reduced cardiac corin conversion activity. Indoxyl sulfate stimulated corin expression while suppressing serine protease activity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Lower PCSK6 expression in CKD mouse hearts and indoxyl sulfate–treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts may explain, at least partly, the observed CKD‐associated reduction in corin activity.

Conclusions
In CKD, cardiac and serum levels of corin are increased, yet corin activity is suppressed. The latter may be attributable to reduced PCSK6 expression. These findings suggest that corin dysfunction may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CKD‐associated cardiomyopathy.