bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns and driving factors of carbon stocks in mangrove forests on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Meng Yuchen , Gou Ruikun , Bai Jiankun , Moreno‐Mateos David , Davis Charles C. , Wan Luoma , Song Shanshan , Zhang Hongsheng , Zhu Xiaoshan , Lin Guanghui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimMangrove forests are important coastal wetlands for the blue carbon budget and play a significant role in mitigating global climate change. However, spatial patterns of carbon stocks in mangrove forests on an island scale have not been quantified owing to methodological limitations and lack of understanding of controlling factors. We took the entire Hainan Island as a case study and aimed to carry out a comprehensive investigation of the spatial patterns and driving factors of carbon stocks in mangrove forests.LocationSouthern China.Time period2017–2020.Major taxa studiedMangrove forest.MethodsThe upscaling method combined with field surveys and Sentinel‐2 imagery analysis were used to compare different models for optimization of mangrove ecosystem carbon stock estimations. We also used structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the factors driving the distributional patterns of mangrove carbon stocks on an island scale.ResultsThe current total mangrove carbon stock of the entire Hainan Island was estimated to be 703,181 Mg C (with a mean density of 192 Mg C/ha), with the above‐ and below‐ground carbon stocks averaging at 44.7 and 147.3 Mg C/ha, respectively. The mangrove carbon storage in the north‐eastern region of the island was the highest and in the west region the lowest. Sediment nitrogen content and plant species diversity had the most positive driving effects on the distribution of total carbon stock for Hainan Island mangroves.Main conclusionsThe combination of field surveys and Sentinel‐2 imagery analysis can be applied to regional‐scale estimations of carbon stocks for mangrove forests. Spatial pattens of mangrove carbon stocks vary among locations on Hainan Island, and soil nutrient (especially nitrogen) availability is the dominant factor regulating carbon stock variations along the land‐to‐sea gradient. Our findings have significant implications for better understanding the distribution of mangrove carbon stocks and quantification of the global blue carbon budget.
Bringing political science back into public administration research
Authors: Peters B. Guy , Pierre Jon , Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper critically reviews the consequences of a bifurcation of Political Science and Public Administration. This divorce of two closely related academic fields has removed political explanations to key developments in the public service from Public Administration research and thus it tends to provide a partial view of the reality that it seeks to capture. There are several developments underway in the public sector, which underscore the political nature of public administration. These developments include the rise of administration politics; a growing emphasis on strategic management; governance‐driven democratization and administrative micro‐politics; the increasing significance of interactive and collaborative forms of governance; the rise of multilevel governance; and the development toward a more active citizenship. We find that in all of these areas, public administration research would benefit from incorporating a political science understanding of power, democracy, governance and citizenship.
Social exclusion and consumer responses: A comprehensive review and theoretical framework
Authors: Rawat Gargi , Dewani Prem Prakash , Kulashri Aditya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile social exclusion in the consumption context has gained significant interest recently, its literature remains fragmented and underexplored due to restricted categorization and limited conceptual lenses. This systematic review attempts to broaden social exclusion literature by including multiple possible aspects of social exclusion, and providing a nuanced approach to identifying changes in the consumption response of excluded individuals. Using the ‘Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Review’ (SPAR‐4‐SLR) protocol to assemble, arrange and assess studies published between 2010 and 2021, we selected 83 studies as the basis of this review. With the objective of providing a synthesized view of the existing literature and presenting possible explanations for inconsistencies, this article (a) undertakes a systematic review of the existing research in the domain, (b) introduces a conceptual framework and (c) provides a taxonomy to categorize diverse strands of consumption responses. Identifying gaps, this study also provides directions for future research using the Theory, Characteristics, Context and Methodology (TCCM) framework. This study can thus enable marketers, advertisers and public policymakers to understand the needs of socially excluded individuals, and subsequently make more inclusive decisions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of in vitro urine flow in single and tandem stented ureters subject to extrinsic ureteral obstruction
Authors: Dror Ishai , Harris Talia , Kalchenko Vyacheslav , Shilo Yaniv , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo quantify the relative volumetric flows in stent and ureter lumina, as a function of stent size and configuration, in both unobstructed and externally obstructed stented ureters.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging was used to measure flow in stented ureters using a phantom kidney model. Volumetric flow in the stent and ureter lumina were determined along the stented ureters, for each of four single stent sizes (4.8F, 6F, 7F, and 8F), and for tandem (6F and 7F) configurations. Measurements were made in the presence of a fully encircling extrinsic ureteral obstruction as well as in benchmark cases with no extrinsic ureteral obstruction.ResultsUnder no obstruction, the relative contribution of urine flow in single stents is 1–10%, while the relative contributions to flow are ~6 and ~28% for tandem 6F and 7F, respectively. In the presence of an extrinsic ureteral obstruction and single stents, all urine passes within the stent lumen near the extrinsic ureteral obstruction. For tandem 6F and 7F stents under extrinsic ureteral obstruction, relative volumetric flows in the two stent lumina are ~73% and ~81%, respectively, with the remainder passing through the ureter lumen.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance imaging demonstrates that with no extrinsic ureteral obstruction, minimal urine flow occurs within a stent. Stent lumen flow is significant in the presence of extrinsic ureteral obstruction, in the vicinity of the extrinsic ureteral obstruction. For tandem stents subjected to extrinsic ureteral obstruction, urine flow also occurs in the ureter lumen between the stents, which can reduce the likelihood of kidney failure even in the case of both stent lumina being occluded.
Nursing policy and practice in Mongolia: Issues and the way forward
Authors: Dovdon Baigalmaa , Park Claire Su‐Yeon , McCarley Nigel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal inequality exists in the availability of a nursing workforce, supported evidentially by the ratio, in low‐income countries, of only 9.1 nurses per 10 000 people versus 107.7 nurses per 10 000 people in high‐income countries. Mongolia is no exception with 42.14 nurses per 10 000 people and a nursing shortage severe enough to endanger patient safety and well‐being. This paper details both a policy analysis and contextually well‐designed recommendations to strengthen Mongolia's nursing science and practice systems. Obstacles that significantly affect the successful development of nursing and midwifery professions in Mongolia include (1) a lack of strategic planning and regulation; (2) low status of nurses and midwives; (3) absence of professional representation for nurses and midwives; and (4) a dearth of strategic programs for postgraduate training of nurses and midwives. The suggested recommendations include the appointment of a chief nursing office within the government and a cohort of nurse leaders to work to establish a nursing and midwifery board as an independent, professional regulatory body in Mongolia to develop and implement standards to ensure best practice, higher standards of nurse education, and regulate the profession.
Blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and preterm delivery: A prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Chan Fanfan , Shen Songying , Huang Peiyuan , He Jianrong , Wei Xueling , Lu Jinhua , Zhang Lifang , Xia Xiaoyan , Xia Huimin , Cheng Kar Keung , Thangaratinam Shakila , Mol Ben Willem , Qiu Xiu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWomen's blood pressure (BP) changes throughout pregnancy. The effect of BP trajectories on preterm delivery is not clear. The authors aim to evaluate the association between maternal BP trajectories during pregnancy and preterm delivery. The authors studied pregnant women included in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study in China between February 2012 and June 2016. Maternal BP was measured at antenatal visits between 13 and 40 gestational weeks, and gestational age of delivery data was collected. The authors used linear mixed models to capture the BP trajectories of women with term, and spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery. BP trajectories of women with various gestational lengths (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 weeks) were compared. Of the 17 426 women included in the analysis, 618 (3.55%) had spontaneous preterm delivery; 158 (.91%) had iatrogenic preterm delivery; and 16 650 (95.55%) women delivered at term. The BP trajectories were all J‐shaped curves for different delivery types. Women with iatrogenic preterm delivery had the highest mean BP from 13 weeks till delivery, followed by those with spontaneous preterm delivery and term delivery (p < .001). Trajectory analysis stratified by maternal parity showed similar results for nulliparous and multiparous women. Excluding women with pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH) significantly attenuated the aforementioned association. Also, women with shorter gestational length tend to have higher BP trajectories during pregnancy. In conclusion, Women with spontaneous preterm delivery have a higher BP from 13 weeks till delivery than women with term delivery, while women with iatrogenic preterm delivery have the highest BP.
The effect of mountaineering on the association between blood pressure and physical activity: A new multi‐sensor ambulatory blood‐pressure monitoring device. The Mount Fuji Study
Authors: Komori Takahiro , Hoshide Satoshi , Kanazawa Hidenori , Taki Mizuri , Suzuki Noriyasu , Kotruchin Praew , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has not been fully investigated whether the response of blood pressure (BP) to activity at high altitudes differs from that at low altitudes or how temperature is involved in these differences. The author compared BP response to accelerometer measurements during mountaineering and daily living. In 15 healthy people (mean age 33 ± 6 years), a new multi‐sensor ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) device equipped with barometer, thermometer, and accelerometer was used to measure BP responses to activity during a trip to Mt. Fuji and during daily living. Associations between physical activity (log‐transformed 5‐min average values of accelerometer just before each ambulatory BP) and the corresponding BP were obtained from 843 and 676 readings during the Mt. Fuji trip and daily living, respectively. All ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) parameters were significantly higher during the Mt. Fuji trip than during daily living (all p < .01). There were significant positive correlations between physical activity and corresponding BPs in both mountaineering and daily living (all p < .01), and there was an interaction between BPs and physical activity according to the two conditions (p < .01). On Mt. Fuji, multivariate regression analysis showed increased physical activity and lower temperature were associated with increased 24‐h SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) (all p < .05). The goodness‐of‐fit values of the association between activity and 24‐h SBP or DBP were improved by adding temperature to the model of both 24‐h SBP and DBP. However, these associations were not found in the daily living model. BP response to activity was more pronounced during mountaineering than daily living.
Evaluation of application protocol of the 4% hydrogen peroxide for at‐home bleaching: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Paula Alexandra M. , Hanzen Taíse Alessandra , de Andrade Heloísa Forville , Grokoski Eduardo , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveFew studies evaluated low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide protocols. The aim of this paper was evaluated two application protocols using 4% hydrogen peroxide in at‐home bleaching.Materials and MethodsEighty‐six patients with upper canines' shade A2 or darker were randomly allocated under two experimental conditions: two daily applications of 1 h each or a 2‐h single application. Color change was evaluated using Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide, and digital spectrophotometer weekly and 1 month after the bleaching procedure through one‐way ANOVA. The risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) was assessed through visual and numeric rating scale and measured by Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney test and one‐way ANOVA respectively.ResultsAfter 3 weeks, the mean difference for the ΔSGU Vita Classical (1.0; 95% CI −0.1 to 2.0), ΔEab (0.7; 95% CI −1.4 to 2.8), ΔE00 (0.1; 95% CI −1.4 to 1.6) and Wi (1.8; 95% CI ‐1.9 to 5.5) presented no difference (p > 0.08). The relative risk for TS was 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) without significant difference neither in the risk (p = 0.6) nor in the TS intensity for both pain scales (p > 0.65).ConclusionsThe application protocols evaluated (two daily applications of 1 h each or a 2‐h single application) for at‐home bleaching with 4% hydrogen peroxide did not showed differences in color change and tooth sensitivity.Clinical RelevanceHigher amount of active hydrogen peroxide in two daily applications for at‐home bleaching neither accelerate bleaching nor increase the risk or intensity of tooth sensibility.
Overlapping functions of YDA and MAPKKK3/MAPKKK5 upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in plant immunity and growth/development
Authors: Liu Yidong , Leary Emma , Saffaf Obai , Frank Baker R. , Zhang Shuqun 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTArabidopsis MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MAPK3 or MPK3) and MPK6 play important signaling roles in plant immunity and growth/development. MAPK KINASE4 (MKK4) and MKK5 function redundantly upstream of MPK3 and MPK6 in these processes. YODA (YDA), also known as MAPK KINASE KINASE4 (MAPKKK4), is upstream of MKK4/MKK5 and forms a complete MAPK cascade (YDA–MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6) in regulating plant growth and development. In plant immunity, MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5 function redundantly upstream of the same MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6 module. However, the residual activation of MPK3/MPK6 in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 double mutant in response to flg22 pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment suggests the presence of additional MAPKKK(s) in this MAPK cascade in signaling plant immunity. To investigate whether YDA is also involved in plant immunity, we attempted to generate mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants. However, it was not possible to recover one of the double mutant combinations (mapkkk5 yda) or the triple mutant (mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda) due to a failure of embryogenesis. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) approach, we generated weak, N‐terminal deletion alleles of YDA, yda‐del, in a mapkkk3 mapkkk5 background. PAMP‐triggered MPK3/MPK6 activation was further reduced in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda‐del mutant, and the triple mutant was more susceptible to pathogen infection, suggesting YDA also plays an important role in plant immune signaling. In addition, MAPKKK5 and, to a lesser extent, MAPKKK3 were found to contribute to gamete function and embryogenesis, together with YDA. While the double homozygous mapkkk3 yda mutant showed the same growth and development defects as the yda single mutant, mapkkk5 yda double mutant and mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants were embryo lethal, similar to the mpk3 mpk6 double mutants. These results demonstrate that YDA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 have overlapping functions upstream of the MKK4/MKK5–MPK3/MPK6 module in both plant immunity and growth/development.
Melatonin use and the risk of 30‐day mortality among US veterans with sepsis: A retrospective study
Authors: Sutton S. Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H. , Hardin James W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrior research suggests melatonin has beneficial effects that could improve survival among sepsis patients. This exploratory analysis sought to compare 30‐day survival among melatonin treated and untreated patients with sepsis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with a primary inpatient admission diagnosis for sepsis utilizing the International Classification of Diseases, versions 9 and 10, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM) diagnosis codes between 2000 and 2021. Propensity score weighting was utilized, accounting for demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors. Weighted Cox models were estimated for 30‐day in‐hospital and 30‐day overall survival. A total of 9386 patients were included in the study with 593 exposed to melatonin within the first day of hospitalization. Propensity score weighted Cox models reveal melatonin was associated with a 37.9% decreased risk of 30‐day in‐hospital mortality (HR = 0.621; 95% CI = [0.415–0.931]) and a 33.5% decreased risk of 30‐day overall mortality (HR = 0.665; 95% CI = [0.493–0.897]). Factors associated with higher risk of both in‐hospital and overall mortality include male sex, white race, age, higher Charlson comorbidity burden, sodium and potassium levels, intensive care unit stay, invasive ventilation, and vasopressor use. Higher serum albumin levels are associated with lower mortality risks. Among patients diagnosed with sepsis, exposure to melatonin was associated with a lower in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality. Additional research is warranted to fully understand the role of melatonin in sepsis.
Melatonin mitigates aflatoxin B1‐induced liver injury via modulation of gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis in mice
Authors: Liu Shuiping , Kang Weili , Mao Xinru , Ge Lei , Du Heng , Li Jinyan , Hou Lili , Liu Dandan , Yin Yulong , Liu Yunhuan , Huang Kehe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread contaminant in foods and feedstuffs, and its target organ is the liver. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate inflammation in organs and remodel gut microbiota in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanism by which MT alleviates AFB1‐induced liver injury remains unclear. In the present study, MT pretreatment markedly increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin, and Claudin‐1), decreased intestinal permeability, reduced production of gut‐derived Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and remodeled gut microbiota, ultimately alleviated AFB1‐induced liver injury in mice. Interestingly, MT pretreatment failed to exert beneficial effects on the intestine and liver in antibiotic‐treated mice. Meanwhile, MT pretreatment significantly increased the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression of ileum, and decreased the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway‐related messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p‐p65, and p‐IκBα) expression in livers of AFB1‐exposed mice. Subsequently, pretreatment by Gly‐β‐MCA, an intestine‐selective FXR inhibitor, blocked the alleviating effect of MT on liver injury through increasing the liver‐specific expression of TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway‐related mRNA and proteins (TLR4, MyD88, p‐p65, and p‐IκBα). In conclusion, MT pretreatment ameliorated AFB1‐induced liver injury and the potential mechanism may be related to regulate gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis, which provides a strong evidence for the protection of gut‐derived liver inflammation.
MZB1 targeted by miR‐185‐5p inhibits the migration of human periodontal ligament cells through NF‐κB signaling and promotes alveolar bone loss
Authors: Li Dingyi , Zhu Yiting , Zhang Lu , Shi Luyao , Deng Li , Ding Zhiqiang , Ai Rongshuang , Zhang Xiaonan , He Yujuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the role of Marginal Zone B and B‐1 Cell‐Specific Protein (MZB1), a novel molecule associated with periodontitis, in migration of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and alveolar bone orchestration.BackgroundMZB1 is an ER‐localized protein and its upregulation has been found to be associated with a variety of human diseases. However, few studies have investigated the effect and mechanism of MZB1 on hPDLCs in periodontitis.MethodsGene expression profiles in human gingival tissues were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and candidate molecules were then selected through bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, we identified the localization and expression of MZB1 in human gingival tissues, mice, and hPDLCs by immunofluorescence, RT‐qPCR, and Western blot. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was applied to assess the binding of miR‐185‐5p to MZB1. Furthermore, the effects of MZB1 on cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis in vitro were investigated by wound‐healing assay, transwell assay, CCK‐8 assay, and flow cytometry analysis. Finally, Micro‐CT analysis and H&E staining were performed to examine the effects of MZB1 on alveolar bone loss in vivo.ResultsBioinformatic analysis discovered that MZB1 was one of the most significantly increased genes in periodontitis patients. MZB1 was markedly increased in the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients, in the mouse models, and in the hPDLCs treated with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS‐PG). Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that MZB1, as a target gene of miR‐185‐5p, inhibited migration of hPDLCs. Overexpression of MZB1 specifically upregulated the phosphorylation of p65, while pretreatment of MZB1‐overexpressed hPDLCs with PDTC (NF‐κB inhibitor) notably reduced the p‐p65 level and promoted cell migration. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were inhibited in MZB1‐overexpressed hPDLCs and miR‐185‐5p inhibitor treated hPDLCs, respectively. In vivo experiments showed that knockdown of MZB1 alleviated the loss of alveolar bone.ConclusionAs a target gene of miR‐185‐5p, MZB1 plays a crucial role in inhibiting the migration of hPDLCs through NF‐κB signaling pathway and deteriorating alveolar bone loss.
The legal protection of new plant varieties in Algerian and American system
Authors: Mousseddek Kheira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe importance of plants in almost all fields yields for a continuous international effort to determine the protection of innovations in plants, especially with the tendency of countries to make huge investments in this area. Though, most of the world's countries agreed to set‐up effective protection for new plant varieties, they differ over the type and nature of proper legal protection. This discrepancy in international positions on legal protection frameworks leads the researchers to investigate the most appropriate legal adaptations of innovative new plant varieties; are they inventions or an independent intellectual property right? And what are the suitable ways to protect it? Thereby, a comparative analysis of the national texts with some foreign legislation has been conducted. The study structure is twofold. The first section dealt with the legal protection of plant varieties within an independent legal system: a study in the Algerian law, while the second one presented the possibility of protecting a new plant variety under a patent: a study in the American legislation. The results showed that the adoption of a patent protection system is of great importance. It is, thus, preferable for the legislator to approve the dual protection of new plant varieties.