bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Infill Well Placement Optimization Approach for Extra-Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Dai Qinyang , Zhang Liming , Zhang Kai , Chen Guodong , Ma Xiaopeng , Wang Jian , Zhang Huaqing , Yan Xia , Liu Piyang , Yang Yongfei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of infill well placement optimization is to determine the optimal well locations that maximize the net present value (NPV). The most common method of well infilling in oil field is based on the engineer’s knowledge, which is risky. Additionally, numerous optimization techniques have been proposed to address the issues. However, locating the global optimum in a large-scale practical reservoir model is computationally expensive, even more so in the realistic extra-low permeability reservoir, where fractures are generated and underground conditions are complex. Thus, both determining well locations solely through human experience and obtaining them through traditional optimization methods have disadvantages in actual engineering applications. In this paper, we propose an infill well optimization strategy based on the divide-and-conquer principle that divides the large-scale realistic reservoir model into several types of small-scale conceptual models using human knowledge and then uses the surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm to obtain the infill well laws for this reservoir. The diamond inversed nine-spot well patterns are studied and summarized to provide the optimal infill well placement laws for extra-low permeability reservoirs. Additionally, the laws are implemented in W-77 actual reservoir and the oil recovery has an equivalent increase of 2.205%. The results demonstrate the proposed method’s strong engineering potential and application value, as it combines the benefits of human experience and evolutionary algorithms to determine the optimal infill well placement in a realistic extra-low permeability reservoir development scenario.
Performance Analysis of Evaporation and Heat Wheel-Based Building Air Conditioning Systems
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Das Ranjan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Air conditioning in composite weather is relatively more challenging and also carries importance as it resembles conditions of hot-dry, cold, and warm-humid climates. Bifurcation of cooling and ventilation tasks happens to be one of the attractive techniques to design energy-efficient air-conditioning systems. It deals with the concept of providing a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) in conjunction with the air-conditioning unit. This study establishes the electrical energy consumption behavior of a building air-conditioning unit when modifications are done along the air pathway of the desiccant-integrated DOAS. For a 511 m2 building situated in composite weather, simulations in energyplus are carried out after necessary validations with the available standards. Here, two modes are discussed: in the first one, an indirect evaporation cooler (IEC)-based system is analyzed, while in the second mode, a heat wheel has been studied. For regeneration, a solar collector and supplementary electrical heater are provided. For the dynamic pattern of site environmental conditions, variations of room air temperature, humidity, thermal load, electricity, thermal energy, and solar fraction have been studied. Current analysis demonstrates that approximately 2994 kWh of the total thermal energy delivered by solar collector and supplementary electrical heater system can be saved through heat wheel instead of IEC. The usage of a heat wheel in the airflow pathway of the desiccant-integrated DOAS can offer energy savings up to 5.04% of the electrical energy with respect to IEC-integrated DOAS. Furthermore, the suggested design delivers a higher solar fraction.
The Blue Hydrogen Economy: A Promising Option for the Near-to-Mid-Term Energy Transition
Authors: Tetteh Daniel Addokwei , Salehi Saeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen is recently being promoted immensely as the primary energy carrier to replace fossil fuels for the envisioned environmentally friendly and sustainable future energy system, given its peculiar properties and advantages over conventional fuels and other alternative energy sources. Hydrogen is classified into various color categories based on the type of feedstock, technology, and CO2 emissions in its production pathway. This paper focuses on blue hydrogen, discussing its potential as the most promising hydrogen production pathway for the near-to-mid-term transition into a hydrogen economy. First, a comprehensive overview of the hydrogen economy is given with a detailed description of hydrogen's color-code categorization. Blue hydrogen production methods are explained, and blue and green hydrogen are compared on the subject of the grand energy transition. Furthermore, the arguments favoring blue hydrogen as the most promising alternative for the near-to-mid-term energy transition are explained. Finally, a comparative life cycle analysis (LCA) of environmental emissions and resource usage in blue hydrogen and other selected commonly used fuel production pathways is conducted using the greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in technologies (GREET) model to analyze the potentials of the blue hydrogen production pathway. The LCA results showed that more efforts need to be committed to reducing nitrous and sulfur oxides in the blue hydrogen production pathway and improving energy and CO2 capturing efficiencies in carbon capture and storage (CCS) plants.
Evolutionary design of compact counterflow heat exchanger
Authors: Faizan Muhammad , Almerbati Abdulrahman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This investigation includes a geometric optimization for a compact heat exchanger built from hexagonal channels with the rely of Constructal design. A three-dimensional numerical analysis based on the finite volume method (FVM) are conducted to identify hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of the counterflow arrays. We considered several configurations for the inactive channel emerged from packing the hexagonal channels within the compact heat exchanger, considering the easier access for the heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. The hexagonal arrays considered for the CFD study is first assumed to be well insulated. The hot and cold fluids (water) flow with variable Reynolds numbers; 10, 100, 200 and 300. The results are presented in term of heat transfer effectiveness, thermal conductance, and the thermal-to-flow performances ratio. The CFD code was verified with an experiment work to assess the accuracy of the current numerical analysis. Triangular channels (β = 1) employed in the inactive region showed better performance for the counterflow hexagonal bundle. High pressure drop is associated with the trapezoidal shape especially with smaller hydraulic diameter (small cross-sectional area).
Dose–response association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with mortality: a national cohort study of 416 420 US adults
Authors: Coleman Carver J , McDonough Daniel J , Pope Zachary C , Pope C Arden 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the dose–response association of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with all-cause mortality.MethodsNational Health Interview Survey data (1997–2014) were linked to the National Death Index through 2015, which produced a cohort of 416 420 US adults. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations of moderate aerobic PA (MPA), vigorous aerobic PA (VPA) and MSE with mortality risk. Models controlled for age, sex, race-ethnicity, income, education, marital status, survey year, smoking status, body mass index and chronic conditions.ResultsRelative to those who engaged in no aerobic PA, substantial mortality risk reduction was associated with 1 hour/week of aerobic PA (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.86) and levelled off at 3 hours/week of aerobic PA (0.73, 0.71 to 0.75). Similar results were observed for men and women and for individuals younger and older than 60 years. MSE conferred additional mortality risk reduction at 1 time/week (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97) and appeared no longer beneficial at 7 times/week (0.99, 0.94 to 1.04).ConclusionThe minimum effective dose of aerobic PA for significant mortality risk reduction was 1 hour/week of MPA or VPA, with additional mortality risk reduction observed up to 3 hours/week. For older adults, only small decreases in mortality risk were observed beyond this duration. Completing MSE in combination with aerobic PA conferred additional mortality risk reduction, with a minimum effective dose of 1–2 times/week.
Identifying resources used by young people to overcome mental distress in three Latin American cities: a qualitative study
Authors: Toyama Mauricio , Godoy-Casasbuenas Natalia , Olivar Natividad , Brusco Luis Ignacio , Carbonetti Fernando , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Heritage Paul , Hidalgo-Padilla Liliana , Uribe Miguel , Steffen Mariana , Fung Catherine , Priebe Stefan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo explore which resources and activities help young people living in deprived urban environments in Latin America to recover from depression and/or anxiety.DesignA multimethod, qualitative study with 18 online focus groups and 12 online structured group conversations embedded into arts workshops.SettingThis study was conducted in Bogotá (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Lima (Peru).ParticipantsAdolescents (15–16 years old) and young adults (20–24 years old) with capacity to provide assent/consent and professionals (older than 18 years of age) that had experience of professionally working with young people were willing to share personal experience within a group, and had capacity to provide consent.ResultsA total of 185 participants took part in this study: 111 participants (36 adolescents, 35 young adults and 40 professionals) attended the 18 focus groups and 74 young people (29 adolescents and 45 young adults) took part in the 12 arts workshops. Eight categories captured the resources and activities that were reported by young people as helpful to overcome mental distress: (1) personal resources, (2) personal development, (3) spirituality and religion, (4) social resources, (5) social media, (6) community resources, (7) activities (subcategorised into artistic, leisure, sports and outdoor activities) and (8) mental health professionals. Personal and social resources as well as artistic activities and sports were the most common resources identified that help adolescents and young adults to overcome depression and anxiety.ConclusionDespite the different contexts of the three cities, young people appear to use similar resources to overcome mental distress. Policies to improve the mental health of young people in deprived urban settings should address the need of community spaces, where young people can play sports, meet and engage in groups, and support community organisations that can enable and facilitate a range of social activities.
Workplace interventions for cardiovascular diseases: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moretti Anfossi Christian , Tobar Fredes Christian , Pérez Rojas Felipe , Cisterna Cid Francisca , Siques Urzúa Christian , Ross Jamie , Head Jenny , Britton Annie 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, impacting on public and private sectors. Current traditional interventions to prevent CVDs are mainly provided in healthcare centres and even when they are effective, they are not enough to reduce the rising prevalence; therefore, additional strategies are needed. Evidence suggests that health interventions in the workplace supply numerous benefits improving cardiovascular risk factor profiles in individuals. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to collate the evidence from randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies of workplace interventions to determine their effectiveness in terms of improving cardiovascular risk factors and preventing CVDs.Methods and analysisEMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global will be searched to include articles on workplace interventions in adults for CVDs events, cardiometabolic risk factors or behavioural risk factors. The study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and the assessment of the quality of the body of evidence will be conducted by two reviewers working in parallel and disagreements will be resolved by consensus or consultations with a third reviewer. Data synthesis will be done by meta-analysis using random-effects models when possible, otherwise the vote counting method will be applied. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed by a χ2test and I2statistics. The quality of the body of evidence for each outcome will be assessed by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review protocol. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be publicly available.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021276161.
Fragmentation of ambulatory care among older adults: an exhaustive database study in an ageing city in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Makoto , Shinoda Satoru , Shimizu Sayuri , Kuroki Makoto , Nakagami Sachiko , Chiba Taiga , Goto Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesContinuity of care is a core dimension of primary care, and better continuity is associated with better patient outcomes. Therefore, care fragmentation can be an indicator to assess the quality of primary care, especially in countries without formal gatekeeping system, such as Japan. Thus, this study aimed to describe care fragmentation among older adults in an ageing city in Japan.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe most populated basic municipality in Japan.ParticipantsOlder adults aged 75 years and older.InterventionsThis study used a health claims database, including older adults who visited medical facilities at least four times a year in an urban city in Japan. The Fragmentation of Care Index (FCI) was used as an indicator of fragmentation. The FCI was developed from the Continuity of Care Index and is based on the total number of visits, different institutions visited and proportion of visits to each institution. We employed Tobit regression analysis to examine the association between the FCI and age, sex, type of insurance and most frequently visited facility.ResultsThe total number of participants was 413 600. The median age of the study population was 81 years, and 41.6% were men. The study population visited an average of 3.42 clinics/hospitals, and the maximum number of visited institutions was 20. The proportion of patients with FCI >0 was 85.0%, with a mean of 0.583. Multivariable analysis showed that patients receiving public assistance had a lower FCI compared with patients not receiving public assistance, with a coefficient of 0.137.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate care fragmentation in Japan. Over 80% of the participants visited two or more medical facilities, and their mean FCI was 0.583. The FCI could be a basic indicator for assessing the quality of primary care.
Children in the household and risk of severe COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic: a prospective registry-based cohort study of 1.5 million Swedish men
Authors: af Geijerstam Agnes , Mehlig Kirsten , Hunsberger Monica , Åberg Maria , Lissner Lauren 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate whether Swedish men living with children had elevated risk for severe COVID-19 or infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves of the pandemic.DesignProspective registry-based cohort study.Participants1 557 061 Swedish men undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.3 (SD 0.73) years.Main outcome measuresInfection with SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021.ResultsThere was a protective association between preschool children at home and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 during the first and third waves compared with only older or no children at all, with ORs (95% CIs) 0.63 (0.46 to 0.88) and 0.75 (0.68 to 0.94) respectively. No association was observed for living with children 6–12 years old, but for 13–17 years old, the risk increased. Age in 2020 did not explain these associations. Further adjustment for socioeconomic and health factors did not attenuate the results. Exposure to preschool children also had a protective association with testing positive with SARS-CoV-2, with or without hospitalisation, OR=0.91 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.93), while living with children of other ages was associated with increased odds of infection.ConclusionsCohabiting with preschool children was associated with reduced risk for severe COVID-19. Living with school-age children between 6 and 12 years had no association with severe COVID-19, but sharing the household with teenagers and young adults was associated with elevated risk. Our results are of special interest since preschools and compulsory schools (age 6–15 years) in Sweden did not close in 2020.
Comorbidity of long COVID and psychiatric disorders after a hospitalisation for COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gasnier Matthieu , Choucha Walid , Radiguer Francois , Faulet Theo , Chappell Kenneth , Bougarel Aurore , Kondarjian Christian , Thorey Paul , Baldacci Antoine , Ballerini Maryne , Ait Tayeb Abd El Kader , Herrero Hugo , Hardy-Leger Isabelle , Meyrignac Olivier , Morin Luc , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Pham Tài , Noel Nicolas , Jollant Fabrice , Montani David , Monnet Xavier , Becquemont Laurent , Corruble Emmanuelle , Colle Romain 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesLong COVID is a major public health issue. Whether long COVID is comorbid with psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Here, we investigate the association between long COVID, psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsBicêtre Hospital, France, secondary care.ParticipantsOne hundred seventy-seven patients admitted in intensive care unit during acute phase and/or reporting long COVID complaints were assessed 4 months after hospitalisation for an acute COVID.Main outcome measuresEight long COVID complaints were investigated: fatigue, respiratory and cognitive complaints, muscle weakness, pain, headache, paraesthesia and anosmia. The number of complaints, the presence/absence of each COVID-19 complaint as well as lung CT scan abnormalities and objective cognitive impairment) were considered. Self-reported psychiatric symptoms were assessed with questionnaires. Experienced psychiatrists assessed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-based diagnoses of psychiatric disorders.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen (65%) patients had at least one long COVID complaint. The number of long COVID complaints was associated with psychiatric symptoms. The number of long COVID complaints was higher in patients with psychiatric disorders (mean (m) (SD)=2.47 (1.30), p<0.05), new-onset psychiatric disorders (m (SD)=2.41 (1.32), p<0.05) and significant suicide risk (m (SD)=2.67 (1.32), p<0.05) than in patients without any psychiatric disorder (m (SD)=1.43 (1.48)). Respiratory complaints were associated with a higher risk of psychiatric disorder and new-onset psychiatric disorder, and cognitive complaints were associated with a higher risk of psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsLong COVID is associated with psychiatric disorders, new-onset psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Psychiatric disorders and suicide risk should be systematically assessed in patients with long COVID.
Distribution patterns of arterial affection and the influence of glucocorticoids on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Malich Leander , Gühne Falk , Hoffmann Tobias , Malich Ansgar , Weise Tobias , Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter , Freesmeyer Martin , Pfeil Alexander 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGiant cell arteritis (GCA) with the involvement of extracranial vessels is increasingly coming into focus. Isolated aortic involvement in the acute phase of GCA is probably more frequent than estimated because only a minority of patients show typical symptoms. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) is a reliable imaging tool to diagnose patients with extracranial GCA. The aim of this retrospective study was to quantify arterial involvement at the onset of a newly diagnosed GCA by PET/CT and to evaluate the influence of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on the diagnostic performance of this imaging technique.MethodsThe study included 60 patients with GCA at the onset of a GCA. All patients had undergone a PET/CT scan. 44 patients were GC naïve and 16 patients received GC.ResultsThe most affected arteries were the ascending aorta (72%), followed by the brachiocephalic trunk (62%), aortic arch (60%) and descending aorta (60%). The aorta and its branches showed an inflammatory involvement in 83.3% of patients. A singular affection of the aorta and the brachiocephalic trunk was revealed in 20% of cases. GC-naïve patients (95.5%) had more frequently affected arteries compared with GC-treated patients (50%).ConclusionOur study showed the frequent involvement of the thoracic aorta and brachiocephalic trunk in patients with GCA using PET/CT. Since these vascular compartments cannot be visualised by ultrasound, we advocate screening imaging of the aorta with PET/CT when GCA is suspected. Because the use of GC is associated with a marked decrease in the inflamed vascular segment in GCA, PET/CT should be performed as soon as possible.
What impact would tobacco retailer proximity limit have on tobacco availability in New Zealand?
Authors: Marsh Louise , Doscher Crile , Iosua Ella , Quigg Robin , Tomintz Melanie 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionOne policy option to reduce the density of tobacco retailers is to restrict the distance retailers can be located to each other. This study examined the impacts of proximity limits of 150 m, 300 m and 450 m between tobacco retailers in New Zealand and if critical threshold reduction in tobacco retailers of 90%–95% would be achieved.MethodsUsing a spatial modelling approach, tobacco retailers were randomly removed based on a minimum distance between retailers until there were zero retailers within each scenario’s minimum distance. This was repeated for all three proximity limit scenarios and descriptive statistics are provided for each.ResultsImplementation of 150 m, 300 m or 450 m distance restrictions between tobacco retailers would result in an average reduction in availability of 35%, 49% and 58%, respectively. On average, the current median distance to the closest retailer increases from 110 m to 377 m, to 568 m or to 718 m, respectively. The average median distance from a retailer to the closest school also increases across the three proximity limits, from 1017 m to 1087 m, to 1149 m or to 1231 m, respectively. Reduced clustering in deprived areas would be most apparent if a 450 m restriction policy was implemented.ConclusionsA proximity limit of 450 m would reduce retailers by 58%, but would not reach proposed critical behaviour-change threshold of 90%–95% required to reduce smoking prevalence independently. There is a need for a combination of policies, which focus on promoting equity, to achieve this bold endgame goal.