bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency food aid and household food security during COVID‐19: Evidence from a field survey in Senegal
Authors: Diouf Awa , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Fallilou , Faye Cheikh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of food aid in reducing household food insecurity in developing countries has been extensively examined in previous studies. This study explores this issue in the context of COVID‐19, using the example of emergency food aid provided by the Senegalese government. Field survey data were collected from 4500 recipients and non‐recipients, and the matching method was used to examine whether there was a significant difference between the two groups. Several dimensions of food insecurity were explored through five indicators: the food consumption score and the coping strategies index from the World Food Programme and three indicators of simple, moderate and severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale of the US Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The results show that government aid has a negative and significant impact on the diversity and nutritional value of beneficiary households' diets. Nevertheless, this programme prevented the use of extreme coping strategies. Furthermore, government aid has a positive impact on food security as measured by negative experiences related to food access. Ultimately, despite low nutritional intake, the programme had a positive effect on recipients’ food access compared with non‐beneficiaries. Therefore, for future interventions, the government should promote local and more nutritious products to sustainably improve food security.
Exercise builds the scaffold of life: muscle extracellular matrix biomarker responses to physical activity, inactivity, and aging
Authors: Mavropalias Georgios , Boppart Marni , Usher Kayley M. , Grounds Miranda D. , Nosaka Kazunori , Blazevich Anthony J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTSkeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for muscle force production and the regulation of important physiological processes during growth, regeneration, and remodelling. ECM remodelling is a tightly orchestrated process, sensitive to multi‐directional tensile and compressive stresses and damaging stimuli, and its assessment can convey important information on rehabilitation effectiveness, injury, and disease. Despite its profound importance, ECM biomarkers are underused in studies examining the effects of exercise, disuse, or aging on muscle function, growth, and structure. This review examines patterns of short‐ and long‐term changes in the synthesis and concentrations of ECM markers in biofluids and tissues, which may be useful for describing the time course of ECM remodelling following physical activity and disuse. Forces imposed on the ECM during physical activity critically affect cell signalling while disuse causes non‐optimal adaptations, including connective tissue proliferation. The goal of this review is to inform researchers, and rehabilitation, medical, and exercise practitioners better about the role of ECM biomarkers in research and clinical environments to accelerate the development of targeted physical activity treatments, improve ECM status assessment, and enhance function in aging, injury, and disease.
Microinclusive teaching in family science courses
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jacki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide a summary of microaggressive (MA) and microinclusive (MI) issues in college teaching. In MA communications, individuals/groups are treated as invisible or comparatively less desirable. MA can have a detrimental impact on its targets (to whom comments or behaviors are directed) as well as bystanders who witness the aggression. As part of ethics in family scholarship, it is worthwhile for faculty to consider MA and learn about more prosocial/supportive options, such as MI. This article provides a brief overview of MA, MI teaching, ethical approaches to MA/MI guidance, and MI teaching examples in one family science course. These issues are also relevant to coursework in other HDFS department programs or tracks (e.g., developmental, policy and practice, therapy, community education).
The impacts of highways on firm size distribution: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Jiangteng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of highway construction on the size distribution of manufacturing firms using Chinese firm and highway network data. I construct instrumental variables using historical and counterfactual road approaches to identify the causal effects of highway construction. I find that highway construction can increase firm size dispersion and market concentration. Areas near highways have a higher number of firms, more outsourcing activities, and more large firms; while areas further from highways have a higher share of new entry firms.
Perils of limiting the coverage of mandatory pay disclosure: The Korean experience
Authors: Ra Jinhyeok , Kim Woochan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2013, Korea adopted a mandatory pay disclosure rule applicable only to board members paid above a certain threshold (KRW 500 million, roughly equal to USD 5 million). In this study, we find evidence of Korean executives avoiding disclosure through director deregistration, that is, stepping down from the board, but retaining a non‐registered executive position in the same company. This tendency is stronger when deregistration cost is low (in case of family executives), and benefit is high (in case of high executive‐to‐worker pay ratios). We also find that family executives choose pay cuts over deregistration as means of avoidance when their income loss from pay cuts is relatively low. Last, we find that disclosure avoidance prompts negative share price reactions, leads to higher dividend payouts (in case of large pay cuts) and results in smaller board sizes (in case of family deregistration).
Commentary: Promoting positive mental health during pregnancy—reflections on Lähdepuro et al. (2023)
Authors: Henrichs Jens , Witteveen Anke B. 
Published: November 2022

Lähdepuro et al. performed a sound large‐scale prospective pregnancy cohort study showing an association between positive maternal prenatal mental health and a reduced risk of developing clinically diagnosed childhood mental and behavioral disorders. Beneficial effects were also observed among the offspring of mothers experiencing mental health problems before and during pregnancy. The pathbreaking findings of Lähdepuro et al. set the stage for future research to shed more light on the so far almost unknown (neuro)biological mechanisms underlying the link between positive maternal prenatal mental health and child outcomes. More knowledge is needed about prenatal psychological and social factors enacting the potential of positive mental health as a resilience source buffering against maternal prenatal mental health problems and by this protecting subsequent child development. This also calls for further development, optimization, and evaluation of positive mental health‐enhancing interventions during pregnancy, especially for future mothers having mental health problems.
An exploratory study of a hands‐on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff
Authors: Cody Shameka L. , Hines Cheryl B. , Glenn Christina J. , Sharp‐Marbury Rochelle , Newman Sharlene 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSince the COVID‐19 pandemic, an increase in fentanyl‐combined drugs has led to a surge in opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Higher opioid overdose mortality rates are problematic in rural communities, and there are few prevention, treatment, and recovery resources for individuals experiencing opioid use disorder.MethodThis exploratory project aimed to investigate a hands‐on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff. Rural clinicians and staff at two behavioral health centers were recruited to participate in a 30‐min lecture and 30‐min hands‐on intranasal naloxone training using a low‐fidelity mannequin. A pre‐post opioid knowledge questionnaire, rubric based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration toolkit, and investigator‐generated survey were used to evaluate opioid knowledge and response, demonstration of intranasal naloxone administration, and participants' perceptions of the training. Enrollment characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics and paired t‐tests were used to assess mean differences.ResultsOf the nine participants in the project, seven (87.5%) were female and six (75.0%) were Black. Four participants assumed a therapist role, attained a MS or MA degree, and had 5 or more years of experience working in healthcare. The total mean rubric score for all participants was 96.0 (SD = 8.8). No significant pre‐post mean differences among opioid knowledge, overdose risk, and overdose response categories were found, all p > 0.05. However, post‐intervention mean scores were slightly higher in all categories except overdose risk. Most participants (77.8%) responded that they felt comfortable handling an opioid situation and teaching the training to community members. Open‐ended responses indicated that participants liked the demonstrations, examples used, hands‐on nature of the training, and the presentation materials.ConclusionA hands‐on naloxone training is beneficial for training rural clinicians and staff to respond to opioid overdose. This training may be a promising solution to reduce response time between recognition of opioid symptoms and administration of the life‐saving medication, naloxone. Future studies should examine the efficacy of this training in larger samples with the inclusion of rural interdisciplinary teams, trusted community leaders, and family and friends of those impacted by opioid use disorder.Clinical relevanceThis innovative hands‐on naloxone training is designed for rural clinicians and residents who are most likely to witness individuals experiencing opioid toxicity. The primary goal is to reduce response time between recognition of signs and symptoms and administration of the life‐saving medication, Naloxone.
Associations Between Children's Depressive Symptoms, Life Events, and Family Factors Among School‐Aged Children
Authors: Talja Tiina , Rantanen Anja , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Helenius Jenni , Joronen Katja 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAbout 20‐30% of children worldwide report depressive symptoms. This study examined associations between children's depressive symptoms, life events, and family factors.METHODSNationally representative data (n = 95,725) were drawn from the 2017 School Health Promotion Study in Finland. The respondents were 4th and 5th grade pupils (aged 10‐12) in primary schools and their parents/guardians (n = 33,726). Data were analyzed for child‐parent dyads (n = 32,181). Associations were studied using cross tabulation and logistic regression models.RESULTSChildren's reports of poor self‐rated health, problems with family interactions, and the accumulation of life events were statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms, also when controlling for sociodemographic factors. Financial situation and parent's depressed mood, both reported by parents, were associated with children's depressive symptoms when both were included in the regression model. However, this association disappeared when other predictors were added to the model.CONCLUSIONThe results make apparent the complex associations between children's depressive symptoms and family factors. Further research is needed on the discrepancies between parent and child experiences.
CIPK‐B is essential for salt stress signalling in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Tansley Connor , Houghton James , Rose Althea M. E. , Witek Bartosz , Payet Rocky D. , Wu Taoyang , Miller J. Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Calcium signalling is central to many plant processes, with families of calcium decoder proteins having expanded across the green lineage and redundancy existing between decoders. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has fast become a new model plant, but the calcium decoders that exist in this species remain unclear.

We performed phylogenetic analyses to identify the calcineurin B‐like (CBL) and CBL‐interacting protein kinase (CIPK) network of M. polymorpha. We analysed CBL‐CIPK expression during salt stress, and determined protein–protein interactions using yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. We also created genetic knockouts using CRISPR/Cas9.

We confirm that M. polymorpha has two CIPKs and three CBLs. Both CIPKs and one CBL show pronounced salt‐responsive transcriptional changes. All M. polymorpha CBL‐CIPKs interact with each other in planta. Knocking out CIPK‐B causes increased sensitivity to salt, suggesting that this CIPK is involved in salt signalling.

We have identified CBL‐CIPKs that form part of a salt tolerance pathway in M. polymorpha. Phylogeny and interaction studies imply that these CBL‐CIPKs form an evolutionarily conserved salt overly sensitive pathway. Hence, salt responses may be some of the early functions of CBL‐CIPK networks and increased abiotic stress tolerance required for land plant emergence.
The role of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnostic pathway of children with unexplained peripheral eosinophilia
Authors: Hızal Mina , Eryilmaz Polat Sanem , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Cinel Guzin , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany possible underlying causes can be seen in children with unexplained peripheral eosinophilia (UPE) with suspected pulmonary involvement. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the clinical characteristics and diagnoses of children evaluated for UPE who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy.MethodsThirty‐one children who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy for UPE between 2006–2018 were included. Demographic characteristics, bronchoscopy findings and final diagnosis, and treatments were evaluated.ResultsThe median age at the time of diagnosis was 5 (0.25–17.5) years. The final diagnoses of 26 patients were as follows: immunodeficiency (n = 6); hyper‐IgE syndromes (n = 4), DOCK8 deficiency + HES (idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome; n = 1), and severe combined immunodeficiency (n = 1), HES (n = 3), idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP; n = 3), idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (n = 1), B cell lymphoma (n = 1). In one child, an integrin α3 mutation + cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia was detected. Congenital pneumonia was found in one patient, and parasitic infection in another. In two, eosinophilia was attributed to underlying asthma and atopy. In four, the underlying reasons could not be elucidated. Two children with HES and one with ICEP were lost to follow‐up. There was no significant relationship between the peripheral eosinophil count at the time of diagnosis and the percentage of bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils (BAL). Bronchoscopy contributed to the management of 14 (53.9%) patients.ConclusionsBronchoscopy has potential diagnostic contribution in patients with UPE suspected of having pulmonary involvement. Numerous various underlying causes may be present in this patient group. There is no relation between peripheral eosinophil count and BAL eosinophil percentage.
How children tell a (prosocial) lie from an (ironic) joke: The role of shared knowledge
Authors: Aguert Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding counterfactual utterances is a major challenge for children, because of the many ways in which they can be interpreted (pretence, errors, figures of speech, lies). In the present study, 7‐year‐olds and adults determined whether counterfactual utterances were prosocial lies or irony, depending on whether the counterfactuality was known only to the speaker (unshared knowledge) or to both interlocutors (shared knowledge). When the counterfactuality was shared by the interlocutors, both the 7‐year‐olds and the adults were less likely to interpret the speaker's counterfactual utterance as an attempted lie, and more likely to conclude that the speaker was being ironic. Adults were better than children at distinguishing irony from lies, but both age groups exhibited the same response pattern, namely a bias toward lying. This bias did not prevent the adults from deciding that the speaker was being ironic when the counterfactuality was shared, whereas children responded at chance level. In children, the association between task performance and theory‐of‐mind skills was nonsignificant, with a very small effect size. We discuss the possibility that, contrary to widespread belief, distinguishing irony from lies does not necessarily involve theory of mind (ToM).
Distinct mechanisms of CB1 and GABAB receptor presynaptic modulation of striatal indirect pathway projections to mouse globus pallidus
Authors: Sitzia Giacomo , Abrahao Karina Possa , Liput Daniel , Calandra Gian Marco , Lovinger David M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPresynaptic modulation is a fundamental process regulating synaptic transmission. Striatal indirect pathway projections originate from A2A‐expressing spiny projection neurons (iSPNs), targeting the globus pallidus external segment (GPe) and control the firing of the tonically active GPe neurons via GABA release. It is unclear if and how the presynaptic G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), GABAB and CB1 receptors modulate iSPN‐GPe projections. Here we used an optogenetic platform to study presynaptic Ca2+ and GABAergic transmission at iSPN projections, using a genetic strategy to express the calcium sensor GCaMP6f or the excitatory channelrhodopsin (hChR2) on iSPNs. We found that P/Q‐type calcium channels are the primary voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) subtype controlling presynaptic calcium and GABA release at iSPN‐GPe projections. N‐type and L‐type VGCCs also contribute to GABA release at iSPN‐GPe synapses. GABAB receptor activation resulted in a reversible inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ transients (PreCaTs) and an inhibition of GABAergic transmission at iSPN‐GPe synapses. CB1 receptor activation did not inhibit PreCaTs but inhibited GABAergic transmission at iSPN‐GPe projections. CB1 effects on GABAergic transmission persisted in experiments where NaV and KV1 were blocked, indicating a VGCC‐ and KV1‐independent presynaptic mechanism of action of CB1 receptors. Taken together, presynaptic modulation of iSPN‐GPe projections by CB1 and GABAB receptors is mediated by distinct mechanisms.
imageKey points
P/Q‐type are the predominant voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels controlling presynaptic Ca2+ and GABA release on the striatal indirect pathway projections.
GABAB receptors modulate iSPN‐GPe projections via a VGCC‐dependent mechanism.
CB1 receptors modulate iSPN‐GPe projections via a VGCC‐independent mechanism.
Thermodynamically Consistent Modified Lord–Shulman Generalized Thermoelasticity With Strain-Rate
Authors: Sarkar Indranil , Singh Gaurav 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The analysis of thermoelastic wave propagation in continuum solids at micro/nano-seconds is especially significant for ultra-fast heating technologies, where strain relaxation effects will increase significantly. In most cases, it is commonly accompanied by a relatively small strain-rate; however, this is questionable in the environment of transient thermal wave propagation under the ultra-fast heating case. The present work is dedicated to constitutive modeling of a novel generalized thermoelasticity model by introducing an additional strain-rate term associated with a relaxation time parameter in the Lord–Shulman (LS) thermoelasticity with the aid of an extended thermodynamics framework. As an application, the newly developed model is applied to a one-dimensional half-space problem which is traction free at one end; a time-dependent thermal shock is imposed at the same end to analyze transient responses of thermodynamic field variables (temperature, displacement, strain, and stress). The inclusion of strain-rate in the LS model eliminates the probable propagating jump discontinuities of the strain and stress fields at the wavefront. The current work is expected to be useful in the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of thermoelastic processes under an ultra-fast heating environment.
Conceptual Design of a Shape-Adaptive Structure With Tailored Structural Instability
Authors: Wheatcroft Ed , Shen Jiajia , Groh Rainer , Pirrera Alberto , Schenk Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A particular set of requirements is identified for the response of a passively actuated shape-adaptive structure. It is shown that neither conventional structures nor simple structural instabilities have suitable properties in order to meet these requirements. A novel solution is proposed which combines multiple structural instabilities to create a compound instability. This approach enables the shape-adaptive structure to achieve large output displacements only after a triggering input displacement is reached. First, this approach is investigated via an analytical bar-and-spring model, before a parametric sensitivity study demonstrates how the structural response of the model can be ‘tuned’ by varying its governing parameters. Next, a representative candidate structure with an analogous mechanical response is presented, and governing structural parameters are identified. It is found that there is an equivalent governing parameter across both models, and that this parameter can be used to tune the response of candidate structure in a way which mirrors the response of the bar-and-spring model. This analogy allows the simple bar-and-spring model to inform the design of its more complex counterpart, which can then achieve the desired functionality of the morphing structure.
High-Power SMA Bowling Ball Catapult
Authors: Molitor Philipp , Britz Rouven , Goergen Yannik , Motzki Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Today, Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)-based shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are already used in a wide range of commercial actuator applications. The combination of their unique properties, such as their high energy density as well as their biocompatibility provides a broad range of applications. The former in particular allows for designing light-weight actuator systems with high forces using small installation spaces. In systems like emergency brakes or switch disconnectors, which require high forces as well as high actuation speed, the high-power capability of NiTi actuators is exploited. The presented work discusses the development of a giant power catapult demonstrator, that combines the high-speed and high-force capability of SMA wires.
To illustrate the vast force, speed, and power potential of SMA wires, a bowling ball is launched from its resting position into the air using SMA wire bundles. For demonstration purposes a target altitude for the bowling ball of 500 mm is chosen, requiring a theoretical actuation force of F ≅ 920 N. To be able to launch the bowling ball to the desired height, an instantaneous energy release with an overall peak-power of P ≅ 0.5 MW is required.