bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil, Money and Decolonization in South Asia
Authors: Shutzer Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Why did oil become a privileged object for debating economic sovereignty during the Cold War? Recent scholarship has attempted to answer this question by drawing attention to decolonizing struggles for oil nationalization across Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. At the core of these inquiries is the presumption that a global proliferation of oil production after 1945 — now referred to as ‘the great acceleration’ — reflected a growth in global demand for fossil fuels, and that oil’s economic significance thus motivated new political claims over national oil reserves. This article takes a different position by turning to one of the earliest projects to build a post-colonial national oil programme, India’s Oil and Natural Gas Commission, under the socialist politician K. D. Malaviya. Using Malaviya’s project to trace the international politicization of oil in the 1950s and 1960s, it demonstrates how sovereignty over oil was used to contest the structures of unequal currency valuation and foreign debt enforced by the Bretton Woods institutions and the Western bloc. Rather than a source of fuel, Indian politicians understood the struggle over oil as a struggle about money, and the power of global financial interdependence in demarcating the political horizons of post-colonial sovereignty.
Diminished Auxin Signaling Triggers Cellular Reprogramming by Inducing a Regeneration Factor in the LiverwortMarchantia polymorpha
Authors: Ishida Sakiko , Suzuki Hidemasa , Iwaki Aya , Kawamura Shogo , Yamaoka Shohei , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kohchi Takayuki , Nishihama Ryuichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRegeneration in land plants is accompanied by the establishment of new stem cells, which often involves reactivation of the cell division potential in differentiated cells. The phytohormone auxin plays pivotal roles in this process. In bryophytes, regeneration is enhanced by the removal of the apex and repressed by exogenously applied auxin, which has long been proposed as a form of apical dominance. However, the molecular basis behind these observations remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, the level of endogenous auxin is transiently decreased in the cut surface of decapitated explants, and identify by transcriptome analysis a key transcription factor gene, LOW-AUXIN RESPONSIVE (MpLAXR), which is induced upon auxin reduction. Loss of MpLAXR function resulted in delayed cell cycle reactivation, and transient expression of MpLAXR was sufficient to overcome the inhibition of regeneration by exogenously applied auxin. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MpLAXR caused cell proliferation in normally quiescent tissues. Together, these data indicate that decapitation causes a reduction of auxin level at the cut surface, where, in response, MpLAXR is up-regulated to trigger cellular reprogramming. MpLAXR is an ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1/DORNRÖSCHEN, which has dual functions as a shoot regeneration factor and a regulator of axillary meristem initiation, the latter of which requires a low auxin level. Thus, our findings provide insights into stem cell regulation as well as apical dominance establishment in land plants.
Low-energy phenomena of the lepton sector in an A4 symmetry model with heavy inverse seesaw neutrinos
Authors: Nguyen T Phong , Thuc T T , Si D T , Hong T T , Hue L T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An extension of the two Higgs doublet model including inverse seesaw neutrinos and neutral Higgs bosons was constructed based on the A4 symmetry in order to explain the recent neutrino oscillation data. This model can distinguish two well-known normal and inverted order schemes of neutrino data once both the effective masses mβ in tritium beta decays and 〈m〉 in the neutrinoless double beta decay are observed. The lepton flavor violating decays of the charged leptons eb → eaγ, μ → 3e, the Standard Model-like Higgs boson decays h → ebea, and the μ–e conversions in some nuclei are generated from loop corrections. The experimental data on the branching ratio Br(μ → eγ, 3e) predict that the upper bounds of Br(τ → μγ, eγ) and Br(h → eaeb) are much smaller than the planned experimental sensitivities. In contrast, the μ–e conversions are promising signals for experiments.
Manifestly gauge invariant exact renormalization group for quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Miyakawa Yuki , Sonoda Hidenori , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We formulate quantum electrodynamics on the basis of gauge (or BRST) covariant diffusion equations of fields. This is a particular example of the gradient flow exact renormalization group (GFERG). The resulting Wilson action fulfills a simple gauge Ward–Takahashi identity. We solve the GFERG equation around the Gaussian fixed point to the second order in gauge coupling and obtain the 1-loop beta function and anomalous dimensions. The anomalous dimension of the electron field coincides with that of the fermion field diffused by a gauge covariant flow equation of Lüscher.
Performance of the systemic lupus erythematosus risk probability index in a cohort of undifferentiated connective tissue disease
Authors: Erden Abdulsamet , Apaydın Hakan , Fanouriakis Antonis , Güven Serdar Can , Armagan Berkan , Akyüz Dağlı Pınar , Konak Hatice Ecem , Polat Bünyamin , Atalar Ebru , Esmer Serdar , Karakaş Özlem , Özdemir Bahar , Eksin Mehmet Akif , Omma Ahmet , Kücüksahin Orhan , Bertsias George K , Boumpas Dimitrios T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to evaluate the performance of the SLE Risk Probability Index (SLERPI) for identification of SLE in a large cohort of patients with UCTD.

Methods
The SLERPI was applied in a cohort of patients who met classification criteria for UCTD and did not fulfil any classification criteria for other defined CTD including SLE. Patients with a SLERPI score of &gt;7 were ‘diagnosed’ as SLE. Patients diagnosed with SLE and those not were compared in terms of disease characteristics and index parameters.

Results
A total of 422 patients with UCTD were included in the study. Median (interquartile range) SLERPI was 4.25 (2.5) points, while 39 (9.2%) patients had a SLERPI score &gt;7 and were diagnosed as SLE. Patients with younger age (P = 0.026) and presence of malar rash (P &lt; 0.0001), mucosal ulcer (P &lt; 0.0001), alopecia (P &lt; 0.0001), ANA positivity (P &lt; 0.0001), low C3 and C4 (P = 0.002), proteinuria &gt;500 mg/24 h (P = 0.001), thrombocytopenia (P = 0.009) or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (P &lt; 0.0001) were more likely to fulfil criteria for SLE by the SLERPI.

Conclusion
SLERPI enabled a significant proportion of patients to be identified as SLE in our UCTD cohort. This new probability index may be useful for early identification of SLE among patients with signs of CTD without fulfilling any definite criteria set.
TRITIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Momoshima Noriyuki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Environmental tritium are natural and anthropogenic origins, the distribution has spread in atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere as a variety of chemical forms. The natural tritium is produced by nuclear reactions of neutron with N and O in the upper atmosphere, the production rate changes with 11-year cycle of the solar activity. The production and radioactive decay of natural tritium is balanced on the whole earth, results in the inventory of about 1 EBq. Anthropogenic tritium by nuclear weapons testing had been released in 1950s–1960s, at highest intensity just before the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963, and the total release would be 186 EBq. In accordance with a peaceful use of nuclear energy, tritium has been releasing to the environment as airborne and liquid effluents from nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. The release from the nuclear power plants depends on the reactor type. Other sources are the tritium production facility of military purpose and the consumer products that use tritium as luminescent energy and disposed to landfill site. Internal dose is only concerned on tritium due to low decay energy, suggesting tritium concentrations in drinking water and food are critical for dose evaluation.
The Diagnostic Value of Presepsin in Acute Appendicitis and Reference Ranges for Healthy Children
Authors: Seçilmiş Yilmaz , Sağiroğlu Pinar , Doğan Ahmet Burak , Gümüştekin Seda , Öztürk Mehmet Adnan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of presepsin, a new inflammatory marker for paediatric appendicitis, and to determine a reference range of presepsin for children.

Methods
This single-center prospective study was conducted in our paediatric emergency department between 1 February 2021 and 1 July 2021. Patients aged 0–18 years diagnosed with acute appendicitis, which was pathologically confirmed, and healthy volunteers in the same age group were included in the study. Serum presepsin levels were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. In addition to presepsin, other acute-phase reactants, paediatric appendicitis scores and imaging methods were evaluated.

Results
There were 94 patients in the acute appendicitis group and 102 healthy volunteers in the control group. Median values were compared between the two groups, and no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.544). In addition, no statistically signivficant differences in presepsin levels were found between the acute and perforated appendicitis groups (p = 0.344). The median (IQ1–IQ3) reference range for presepsin in healthy children was 0.9950 (0.7575–1.610) ng/mL.

Conclusion
Presepsin is not a suitable marker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. We observed that serum presepsin levels were not elevated in paediatric appendicitis, which is a local infection, in contrast to previous studies.
Pharmacologic Treatment for Perinatal Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Goulding Alison N. , Metz Torri D. , Middleton Jennifer Cook , Hoffman M. Camille , Miller Emily S. , Moore Simas Tiffany A. , Stuebe Alison , Viswanathan Meera , Gaynes Bradley N. 
Published: January 2022

A central question for patients and clinicians is whether potential benefits of pharmacologic treatments for perinatal mental health disorders outweigh potential harms. Given lack of consensus on best practices, we completed a robust systematic review of pharmacologic interventions for perinatal mental health disorders; full results have been published previously and will be summarized here. Unfortunately, many important clinical questions remain unanswered. This commentary aims to summarize and interpret the current state of evidence and provide expert guidance when data are lacking. The review found sparse evidence on benefits of pharmacotherapy and voluminous, low-quality evidence on harms. Confounding by indication was a notable limitation for most studies. We suggest several key points to share with clinicians and patients: 1) untreated perinatal mental health disorders have maternal and child risks; 2) research in nonpregnant populations shows that pharmacotherapy effectively treats many mental health disorders; 3) few high-quality studies in perinatal individuals have been conducted; 4) limited evidence suggests some benefit of pharmacologic treatment; and 5) some studies, primarily of low quality, indicate potential risks of pharmacologic treatment, although the absolute risk is often low. Given the complexities surrounding treatment of perinatal mental health disorders, shared decision making is important, and consultation with a mental health professional may be warranted in certain clinical scenarios.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42019124057.
Medically Assisted Reproduction Treatment Types and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Pelikh Alina , Smith Ken R. , Myrskylä Mikko , Goisis Alice 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To compare risks of adverse birth outcomes among pregnancies conceived with and without medically assisted reproduction treatments.

METHODS:
Birth certificates were used to study birth outcomes of all neonates born in Utah from 2009 through 2017. Of the 469,919 deliveries, 52.8% (N=248,013) were included in the sample, with 5.2% of the neonates conceived through medically assisted reproduction. The outcome measures included birth weight, gestational age, low birth weight (LBW, less than 2,500 g), preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation), and small for gestational age (SGA, birth weight less than the 10th percentile). Linear models were estimated for the continuous outcomes (birth weight, gestational age), and linear probability models were used for the binary outcomes (LBW, preterm birth, SGA). First, we compared the birth outcomes of neonates born after medically assisted reproduction and natural conception in the overall sample (between-family analyses), before and after adjustment for parental background and neonatal characteristics. Second, we employed family fixed effect models to investigate whether the birth outcomes of neonates conceived through medically assisted reproduction differed from those of their naturally conceived siblings (within-family comparisons).

RESULTS:
Neonates conceived through medically assisted reproduction weighed less, were born earlier, and were more likely to be LBW, preterm, and SGA than neonates conceived naturally. More invasive treatments (assisted reproductive technology [ART] and artificial insemination [AI] or intrauterine insemination) were associated with worse birth outcomes; for example, the proportion of LBW and preterm birth was 6.1% and 7.9% among neonates conceived naturally and 25.5% and 29.8% among neonates conceived through ART, respectively. After adjustments for various neonatal and parental characteristics, the differences in birth outcomes between neonates conceived through medically assisted reproduction and naturally were attenuated yet remained statistically significant; for example, neonates conceived through ART were at 3.2 percentage points higher risk for LBW (95% CI 2.4–4.1) and 4.8 percentage points higher risk for preterm birth (95% CI 3.9–5.7). Among siblings, the differences in the frequency of adverse outcomes between neonates conceived through medically assisted reproduction and neonates conceived naturally were small and statistically insignificant for all types of treatments.

CONCLUSION:
Medically assisted reproduction treatments are associated with adverse birth outcomes; however, those risks are unlikely to be associated with the infertility treatments itself.
Patterns of Care in Maintenance Therapy in US Patients Undergoing Definitive Chemoradiation for Stage 3 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Liu Jason , Bratton Emily , Yu Xinyan , Ladbury Colton , Wagner Joseph , West Howard , Massarelli Erminia , Salgia Ravi , Pathak Ranjan , Villaflor Victoria , Villalona-Calero Miguel , Amini Arya 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The recommended treatment for patients with unresectable stage 3 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is definitive chemoradiation followed by 1 year of maintenance durvalumab. Our objective was to assess the rate of maintenance durvalumab use after chemoradiation.

Methods:
Analyses were conducted in both open claims (IQVIA pharmacy and medical claims data) and adjudicated closed claims (IQVIA PharMetrics Plus Health Plan Claims Database). Patients with a lung cancer diagnosis between November 2017 and November 2020 who received definitive chemoradiation were included.

Results:
Of the 5802 NSCLC patients included in the open claims source, 1794 (31%) received durvalumab, 1403 (24%) received maintenance chemotherapy, and 2605 (45%) did not receive any maintenance therapy. Of the 239 NSCLC patients included in the closed claims source, 127 (53%) received durvalumab, 40 (17%) received maintenance chemotherapy, and 72 (30%) did not receive any maintenance therapy. The most common maintenance chemotherapy agents patients received were carboplatin, pemetrexed, and paclitaxel.

Conclusions:
The rate of durvalumab utilization was overall low in both the open and closed claims data sources (31% and 53%, respectively). It remains unknown what percent of eligible patients end up receiving durvalumab, as our analysis was unable to filter out patients who were unfit for durvalumab or if they had progression after chemoradiation. Future efforts are needed to increase maintenance durvalumab utilization and to determine how best to manage patients who are unfit for durvalumab.
Plasma and Platelet Transfusions Strategies in Neonates and Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass or Neonates and Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: From the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding
Authors: Cholette Jill M. , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Ibla Juan C. , Emani Sitaram , Steiner Marie E. , Vogel Adam M. , Parker Robert I. , Nellis Marianne E. , Bembea Melania M. ,   for the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB), in collaboration with the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To present the recommendations and consensus statements with supporting literature for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding.

Design:
Systematic review and consensus conference of international, multidisciplinary experts in platelet and plasma transfusion management of critically ill children.

Setting:
Not applicable.

Patients:
Critically ill neonates and children following cardiopulmonary bypass or supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A panel of nine experts developed evidence-based and, when evidence was insufficient, expert-based statements for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill neonates and children following cardiopulmonary bypass or supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These statements were reviewed and ratified by the 29 Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding experts. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, from inception to December 2020. Consensus was obtained using the Research and Development/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. Results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. We developed one good practice statement, two recommendations, and three expert consensus statements.

Conclusions:
Whereas viscoelastic testing and transfusion algorithms may be considered, in general, evidence informing indications for plasma and platelet transfusions in neonatal and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or those requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is lacking.
Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Strategies in Critically Ill Children With Malignancy, Acute Liver Failure and/or Liver Transplantation, or Sepsis: From the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Karam Oliver , Stanworth Simon J. , Goobie Susan M. , Crighton Gemma , Goel Ruchika , Lacroix Jacques , Nellis Marianne E. , Parker Robert I. , Steffen Katherine , Stricker Paul , Valentine Stacey L. , Steiner Marie E. ,   for the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB), in collaboration with the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To present the consensus statements with supporting literature for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill neonates and children with malignancy, acute liver disease and/or following liver transplantation, and sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation from the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding.

Design:
Systematic review and consensus conference of international, multidisciplinary experts in platelet and plasma transfusion management of critically ill children.

Setting:
Not applicable.

Patients:
Critically ill neonates and children with malignancy, acute liver disease and/or following liver transplantation, and sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A panel of 13 experts developed evidence-based and, when evidence was insufficient, expert-based statements for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill neonates and children with malignancy, acute liver disease and/or following liver transplantation, and sepsis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation. These statements were reviewed and ratified by the 29 Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding experts. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, from inception to December 2020. Consensus was obtained using the Research and Development/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. Results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. We developed 12 expert consensus statements.

Conclusions:
In the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative–Control/Avoidance of Bleeding program, the current absence of evidence for use of plasma and/or platelet transfusion in critically ill children with malignancy, acute liver disease and/or following liver transplantation, and sepsis means that only expert consensus statements are possible for these areas of practice.