bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of commercial vehicles with different tail fins
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , Yu Tianxing , You Zeyu , Guo Wei , Liu Tong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To improve the fuel economy of commercial vehicles, this paper designs two types of commercial vehicle tailfin shapes from the perspective of reducing the wind resistance at the rear of the vehicle, aiming to reduce the influence of the vortex at the rear of the commercial vehicle on the driving performance. Based on the aerodynamic principle, the STAR-CCM+ simulation tool was utilized to simulate the no-tail model, three-surface tail model, and four-surface tail model for the two cases of commercial vehicles with flat compartments and concave compartments, to study the effect of the tail fins of commercial vehicles on the reduction of the tail wind resistance coefficient of commercial vehicles. The results of the study show that the commercial vehicle model with three-side tail fins can reduce the wind resistance by 25.6% in the case of a flat compartment surface and 24% in the case of a concave and convex compartment surface of the commercial vehicle compared to the model without tail fins. In comparison, the four-side tail fins commercial vehicle model only reduces the wind resistance by 22.5% and 16.2% in the same cases. The experiments confirm that the rear wing of the commercial vehicle can effectively mitigate the rear wind resistance. The three-surface tail model has better stability than the four-surface tail model, and the optimization effect is better when the side compartment surface is flat.
Numerical simulations of the compressive fracture behavior for polymer bonded explosives using phase field method
Authors: Hou Jun , Yi Linfu , Liu Xiao , Dong Shengquan , Zhang Jinhan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) frequently encounter compressive forces, including those resulting from projectile penetration and accidental drops, throughout their operational lifespan. Utilizing the principles of variational fracture theory in conjunction with the generalized Maxwell viscoelastic constitutive framework, we have developed a viscoelastic phase field constitutive model for PBX, and the mechanical behavior of PBX under compression load is simulated. Firstly, mesh convergence was explored by comparing experimental results and determining two key parameters of the phase field model: mesh size (h) and length size (l
0). Furthermore, the damage and failure modes of PBX under compression load were studied at a strain rate of 891/s. Additionally, through simulating the PBX compression process under different strain rate loads, the force exerted on PBX was examined by analyzing changes in the ratio of Young’s modulus between polymer matrix and explosive particles as well as variations in elastic strain energy and viscous energy during compression. The research findings offer valuable insights into the design of optimized structures, as well as enhancing transportation and storage security for high-performance PBX.
Numerical simulation of impact characteristics of NEPE solid propellant fragments
Authors: Li Siqi , Ma Ji , Lu Chunrui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To study the impact initiation characteristics of nitrate plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant, the fragments, shell casing, thermal layer, and propellant were simulated and the model was established. The effect of fragments on the initiation performance of the NEPE propellant model at different initial velocities was analyzed. When the initial velocity of the fragment increases from 1, 000 m/s to 5, 000 m/s, the time of the occurrence of the explosion is gradually advanced, the detonation area is gradually enlarged, and the peak value is narrower with the increase in velocity.
Research on enhanced turbine blades point cloud registration based on design benchmarks
Authors: Sun Tianyu , Tang Wei , Wang Changxi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the issue of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm often yielding optimal registration results instead of accurate ones during the point cloud registration of turbine blades, this study proposes an improved ICP registration algorithm based on design standards. First, the design standard is introduced into the coarse-registered manufacturing point cloud using a ball-filtering algorithm. Then, the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is used to solve the registration process and obtain the registration matrix. Finally, the rigidity of the registration is assessed by calculating extrema to determine if it is a local optimum. Iterative adjustments are made until the optimal solution is achieved. Through multiple experiments, it has been shown that the proposed algorithm reduces the average error by approximately 42.9% compared to the classical ICP algorithm and shortens the registration time by about 47.82%.
Determination of precipitation temperature of the precipitated phase of steel containing B enamel
Authors: Fu Xuejian , Xu Chun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
B-containing low carbon microalloy hot-rolled enamel steel has good scale explosion resistance and high strength. In order to determine the precipitation temperature of the precipitated phase, the DSC curve was obtained by STA499F3 synchronous thermal analyzer, combined with electrolytic extraction and XRD test analysis. The results showed that the precipitation temperature range of Ti4C2S2 was 883°C~898°C, and that of Fe3C was 733°C~763°C.
Structure and properties of Au/N-G composites prepared based on different nitrogen sources
Authors: Song Yan , Xu Jinhan , Sun Yiming , Xu Xinnan , Tan Xin , Du Ming , Hu Jiacheng , Shi Zixuan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study looked at different nitrogen sources used to make nitrogen-doped graphene composites loaded with gold. The structures and properties of the different composites were compared. Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were loaded into the samples to make Au/N-G composites. The properties of nitrogen-doped materials prepared with different nitrogen sources as well as gold nano-nitrogen-doped composites (Au/N-G) were compared by TEM, SEM, XPS, and Cyclic voltammetry scanning. Adding urea to N-G materials makes them have more surface pleats and folds, a larger surface area of graphene, and better electrical conductivity. The Au/N-G composites prepared with urea as the nitrogen source have potential for use in electrochemical sensors.
Study on fatigue properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum materials fabricated by SLM additive manufacturing
Authors: Yang Fan , Shen Peiliang , Ye Dongsen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the most widely used metal material in civil aerospace, aluminum alloy additive manufacturing has great potential for performance and application. Due to the particularity of additive manufacturing processes, defects such as cracks, pores, and inclusions are prone to occur during the manufacturing process, which can affect the fatigue performance of metal materials. This paper takes SLM additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum alloy powder as the research object and compares it with the 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet as the benchmark, and its fatigue performance is studied based on the CFQ analysis method engineering system. The results show that the fatigue performance of SLM additive-manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr specimens is related to the printing direction. The CFQ value of the specimens printed in the X-Y direction is about 15% higher than that in the Z direction. Meanwhile, the fatigue performance of SLM additive manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr specimens in the X-Y and Z directions is lower than that of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet parts.
Effect of aging temperature on the exfoliation corrosion behavior of Al-Cu-Li alloy
Authors: Li Shenlan , Liu Chuansheng , Qiu Xiaohui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The performance of Al-Cu-Li alloy in terms of its susceptibility to exfoliation corrosion under varying aging temperature conditions was studied, and the effects of aging temperature and time on the exfoliation corrosion resistance were analyzed. The experiments revealed that at the same aging time, increasing the aging temperature has a negative impact on the alloy’s ability to resist exfoliation corrosion. When aged at 150°C and 175°C, the alloy’s exfoliation corrosion resistance continuously decreases as the aging time prolongs. However, when aged at 200°C, the alloy exhibits better exfoliation corrosion resistance in the over-aged state compared to the under-aged and peak-aged states. When the aging temperature is lower than 175°C, the number of T1 phase is crucial in determining the extent of exfoliation corrosion. However, when the aging temperature reaches 200°C, the quantity and arrangement of large secondary particles are the key determinants of the alloy’s resistance to exfoliation corrosion.
Preparation of epoxy porous sound-absorbing material and its sound-absorbing performance research
Authors: Yang Fu , Li Mei , Zhang Xinyang , Lu Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared with epoxy resin as the matrix and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the blowing agent. Orthogonal experiments were designed, and nine groups of specimens were tested for tensile properties, compressive properties, sound-absorbing properties, and soundproofing properties, respectively. The results of the experiments were analyzed in terms of extreme deviation, and the role of thickness on sound-absorbing properties was also explored. The results showed that the new porous sound-absorbing material had the best overall performance when the additions of epoxy resin and foaming agent were 30% and 10% of the total mass, respectively, in which the average sound absorption coefficient of the material amounted to 0.78, the average sound insulation amounted to 22.2 dB, the compressive strength was 0.75 MPa, the tensile strength was 0.5 MPa, and the abrasion amount was 0.049 g/cm2. When the thickness of the material is 15 mm, the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.82, and its sound absorption effect is optimized.
Topological optimization design of multiphase materials under multiple operating conditions
Authors: Wang Dongtao , Liu Zhen , Tang Chengtie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In existing structural topology optimization methods, the main focus is on the topology optimization problem under single operating conditions. However, under various operating conditions, there is uncertainty and complexity among the operating conditions. This paper, based on the topology optimization technology of continuum structures in multiphase materials, conducts relevant research on the structural optimization problem of multiphase materials under multiple working conditions with volume constraints and minimum structural flexibility as the objective. The results show that under multiple operating conditions, the optimized structural topology is clear and has good 0/1 characteristics.
Preface
Authors: Gao Tianpeng 
Published: February 2025

Since its inception in 2018, IWEG conferences (International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience) were successfully held for last seven years, Hangzhou (2018, 2019, 2021), online (2020, 2022, 2023, 2024) attracted delegates from a lot of countries and regions including China, Australia, Poland, Slovenia, Japan and so on. As an annual international conference, IWEG aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Environment and Geoscience.
There were about 40 experts and scholars attending the conference. Three sessions were included: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, covering a wide range of Environment and Geoscience. There were 3 keynote speakers, 4 oral presenters and 6 poster presenter sharing their latest research results and ideas with the audience.
This conference proceeding included 6 accepted articles selected from 49 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.
List of Technical Program Committee is available in this pdf.
Study of the characteristics of the mountainous cultural landscape in Yemen: mountain cities, mountain villages, and cultivated terraces
Authors: Al-Attar Amal , Wu Yao , Fetzer Ellen , Alwah AbdulFattah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cultural landscapes enhance the spiritual relationship between people and their environment. They represent civilized evidence of peoples’ interaction with nature and exploiting its resources to build civilization. Yemeni urban and rural environments are rich in many cultural landscape elements that reflect the ingenuity of Yemeni people interacting with nature. Unfortunately, there is a severe shortage of research studies that discuss the cultural landscapes in Yemen and the mechanisms for their preservation. Therefore, this study aimed to shed light on the types of mountain cultural landscapes in Yemen and discuss the means of their preservation. The study achieved its objectives through a theoretical review of available studies and field visits to some sites in Ibb, Jableh, and Taiz cities. The authors visited three mountainous cities in May and June 2021: the historic city of Jableh, the historic city of Taiz, and the old city of Ibb. The authors also visited some mountain villages and cultivated terraces in Sana’a, Ibb, and Taiz in July and August 2021. The study highlighted the human contribution to these sites and elements and showed the Yemenis’ skills in adapting to nature and benefiting from it ideally. The results indicate the environmental, social, and economic aspects that Yemenis have reaped through their fruitful use of nature and landscapes. This study can guide the competent authorities in assessing, developing, and protecting cultural landscape sites in Yemen.
Automatic recognition for cracks in aging rubber materials
Authors: Xu Yunhui , Wang Shifeng , Tu Hui , Xin Zhenghua , Xu Haifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rubber materials are extensively used in the industrial sector, where aging is a critical factor affecting the performance of various rubber materials in industrial applications. After aging, rubber surfaces exhibit crazing, a type of crack that currently relies on subjective visual observation. This method suffers from issues such as subjective judgment bias, difficulty in dynamic tracking, and quantification challenges. This study proposes an objective and effective method for identifying and analyzing the degree of erosion of rubber surfaces due to aging. The results of this research provide an automated recognition scheme for a deeper understanding of the rubber material aging process, making it possible to record the dynamic process of crack propagation and establish a relationship between morphology and performance. Furthermore, it provides process data for developing strategies to improve the aging resistance of rubber materials.
Preparation and microstructure of BaTiO3 thin films by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Zhang Zhengjie , Zhang Ruoxi , Zhang Feng , Ma Xinguo , Cheng Zhengwang , Wang Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The preparation of high-quality films is a key challenge in building high-performance electro-optic modulators and achieving ultra-high-speed optical communication. In this research, we used magnetron sputtering to precisely prepare BaTiO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates, and systematically studied the effects of process parameters on their crystallinity and microstructure. Under optimized process conditions—a sputtering power of 60 W, chamber pressure of 1.0 Pa, argon-oxygen ratio of 6:1, substrate temperature of 350 °C, and a sputtering duration of 60 minutes—the thin film exhibited a <200> preferred orientation, a grain size of 38.7 nm, X-ray diffraction <200> half-peak full width is 0.288°, and demonstrated high crystalline quality and microstructural order. This research provides scientific evidence for the preparation of high-performance electro-optic modulator materials and has important academic and practical value for the development of Si-based photonic integration technology.
Study on crack extension behavior of epoxy resin composites under typhoon conditions
Authors: Huang Ruodong , Zhou Fusheng , Gao Chao , Yang Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For the problem of accelerated expansion of epoxy resin cracks in tub insulators under typhoon conditions, this paper establishes an accelerated evolution model of epoxy resin crack defects based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion, simulates the crack expansion process of epoxy resin materials under different typhoon levels, grasps the characteristic parameters of the crack expansion behaviors under the influence of the three major typhoon levels, and achieves the prediction of the crack expansion path and fatigue life of the epoxy resin materials under extreme environments. The results show that the type I stress intensity factor at the crack tip of the epoxy resin material increases linearly with the crack extension length, the type II stress intensity factor reaches the peak at the early stage of crack extension and then decreases to 0, the type III stress intensity factor tends to float up and down to 0, and the fatigue life decreases linearly with the increase in typhoon level; the results of the paper have an important theoretical application value for the prediction of crack extension of tub insulators under the action of typhoon loads. The results of this paper have important theoretical application value for carrying out crack prediction of basin insulators under typhoon loading.
Analysis of fire test methods and airworthiness requirements for materials in the cabin of civil aircraft
Authors: Huang Weixing , Yang Tonghui , Lv Zhengye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The safety of aircraft cabin materials is related to the safety of passengers and aircraft. With the development of science and technology, the types of materials are becoming more and more abundant, with frequent applications in the aircraft cabin, cargo compartment, and other locations. A large number of these materials improve the economic comfort of the aircraft. When a fire occurs, the performance of the materials involved can significantly influence the fire’s progression, which in turn affects the safety of passengers and the aircraft. Additionally, it can impact emergency evacuation procedures. To enhance safety in aircraft research, development, and manufacturing, it is essential to understand the flame-retardant properties of materials used in aircraft. Scientific methods must be employed to verify the fireproofing capabilities of these materials, and data-driven evaluations should assess their flame-retardant properties. This is crucial to ensure the safety of passengers and the aircraft itself. In the event of a fire, effective materials can slow the spread of flames, allowing passengers to evacuate promptly and increasing their chances of survival. By analyzing the cabin material fire test verification method and airworthiness requirements, the aircraft cabin material fire requirements are outlined to provide guidelines for the commercial aircraft cabin material fire verification work, to guide the aircraft design process of cabin material selection, and to accelerate the pace of airworthiness certification.
Investigation of thermodynamic properties of sheet molding compound based on molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Duan Wei , Li Shaobin , Cao Hangwei , Zhao Xuefeng , Pu Lu , Sun Haofei , Duan Xiongying , Ju Zeli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) composed of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) reinforced with sheets of glass fiber, has been widely used in fireproof support projects for tube corridors and tunnels. The crosslinking degree is a key factor affecting the internal structure of UPR. In this study, based on the molecular dynamic simulations, UPR models were constructed at varying degrees of cross-linking. Important intrinsic parameters, including the glass transition temperature and elastic modulus of the material, were obtained. It was found that both the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the material improved with the increase of the crosslinking degree. Besides, a UPR/glass fiber interface model was developed at an 80% cross-linking degree to study the interfacial bonding at different temperatures. The microscopic compactness of the interface across various temperatures was further analyzed.
Effects of the chain extenders on the properties of waterborne polyurethanes
Authors: Ren Xiue , Huang Yiqiang , Yu Jiacheng , Zheng Zenan , Fan Tingbin , Wang Sihong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different chain extenders on the properties and degradability of waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs). Three types of waterborne polyurethanes were prepared by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with the addition of isosorbide (IS), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and imidazolidinyl urea (IU) as chain extender, respectively. The experimental results showed that the waterborne polyurethanes with imidazolidinylurea (IU) as the chain extender performed better in terms of mechanical properties and degradability, and displayed good hydrophilicity and solubility. These findings are of great significance for the design and application of polyurethane materials with environmental friendliness.
Thermal stability of Pd-Au core-shell nanostructures in an in-situ liquid TEM
Authors: Meng Dehuan , Liu Shuai , Wang Weiping , Wang Zixin , Hu Xiaoyan , Zhang Xue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The investigation of the thermal stability and evolution of Pd-Au core-shell nanostructures across various temperatures proceeded with in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with spectral analysis techniques. In situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to examine the morphology and elemental distribution of core-shell nanostructures composed of Pd0.5-Au0.5 and Pd0.9-Au0.1, which were synthesized via the seed growth technique. Compared with the Pd0.5-Au0.5 core-shell nanostructures, the Pd0.9-Au0.1 core-shell nanostructures have better thermal stability.