bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles Promote Bacterial Antibiotic Tolerance via Inducing Hyperosmotic Stress Response
Authors: Zhang Peng , Qiu Yun , Wang Yulan , Xiao Leyi , Yu Shimin , Shi Miusi , Ni Yueqi , Miron Richard J. , Pu Yingying , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in all fields of life. Nowadays, NPs have shown extraordinary antimicrobial activities and become one of the most popular strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Whether they are equally effective in combating bacterial persistence, another important reason leading to antibiotic treatment failure, remains unknown. Persister cells are a small subgroup of phenotypic drug‐tolerant cells in an isogenic bacterial population. Here, various types of NPs are used in combination with different antibiotics to destroy persisters. Strikingly, rather than eradicating persister cells, a wide range of NPs promote the formation of bacterial persistence. It is uncovered by PCR, thermogravimetric analysis, intracellular potassium ion staining, and molecular dynamics simulation that the persister promotion effect is achieved through exerting a hyperosmotic pressure around the cells. Moreover, protein mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscope images, and SDS‐PAGE indicate NPs can further hijack cell osmotic regulatory circuits by inducing aggregation of outer membrane protein OmpA and OmpC. These findings question the efficacy of using NPs as antimicrobial agents and raise the possibility that widely used NPs may facilitate the global emergence of bacterial antibiotic tolerance.
Capsaicin‐Decorated Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Light‐Controlled Calcium‐Overload/Photodynamic Combination Therapy
Authors: Ni Xiaoyue , Shi Wenheng , Liu Yaxin , Yin Likun , Guo Zixin , Zhou Wen , Fan Quli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCalcium‐overload cancer therapy has gained more and more attention owing to its good therapeutic efficacy with low side effect. However, conventional calcium‐overload therapy is achieved by introducing an additional calcium element into the tumor site by nanomedicines, which may also lead to the calcium‐overload of normal organs, causing an undesirable side effect. To address such issues, capsaicin‐decorated semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (CSPN) are designed to modulate the calcium ion channel of cancer cells for calcium‐overload cancer therapy without adding an additional calcium element. CSPN is composed of a near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing semiconducting polymer (SP) PCPDTBT and a capsaicin‐conjugated amphiphilic copolymer, PEG‐PHEMA‐Cap. Under NIR laser irradiation, PCPDTBT can generate singlet oxygen (1O2), which not only triggers the release of capsaicin, but also induces photodynamic therapy (PDT). The released capsaicin can further activate transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) of U373 cancer cells, leading to an influx of calcium ions into cells. In addition, the intense NIR‐II fluorescence signal of CSPN makes it suitable for tumor imaging. Thus, this study develops a tumor specific nanotheranostic system for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided calcium‐overload/PDT combination therapy.
Facile Synthesis of Single Iron Atoms over MoS2 Nanosheets via Spontaneous Reduction for Highly Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Li Zhijun , Li Honghong , Yang Zening , Lu Xiaowen , Ji Siqi , Zhang Mingyang , Horton J. Hugh , Ding Honghe , Xu Qian , Zhu Junfa , Yu Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe facile creation of high‐performance single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is intriguing in heterogeneous catalysis, especially on 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides. An efficient spontaneous reduction approach to access atomically dispersed iron atoms supported over defect‐containing MoS2 nanosheets is herein reported. Advanced characterization methods demonstrate that the isolated iron atoms situate atop of molybdenum atoms and coordinate with three neighboring sulfur atoms. This Fe SAC delivers exceptional catalytic efficiency (1 atm O2 @ 120 °C) in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, with 99% selectivity under almost 100% conversion. The turnover frequency is calculated to be as high as 2105 h−1. Moreover, it shows admirable recyclability, storage stability, and substrate tolerance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the high catalytic activity stems from the optimized electronic structure of single iron atoms over the MoS2 support.
Seeded Growth of Gold–Copper Janus Nanostructures as a Tandem Catalyst for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products
Authors: Zheng Yiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Ma Zesong , Zhang Gongguo , Zhang Haifeng , Fu Xiaowei , Ma Yanyun , Liu Feng , Liu Maochang , Huang Hongwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGold–copper (Au‐Cu) Janus nanostructures (Au‐Cu Janus NSs) are successfully prepared using N‐oleyl‐1,3‐propanediamine as capping agent and Cu(acac)2 as the precursor in a typical seeded growth strategy. By preferably depositing Cu atoms on one side of concave cubic Au seeds, the Cu part gradually grows larger as more Cu precursors are added, making the size tuning feasible in the range of 74–156 nm. When employed as an electrocatalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), the Au‐Cu Janus NSs display superior performance to Au@Cu core‐shell NSs and Cu NPs in terms of C2+ products selectivity (67%) and C2+ partial current density (−0.29 A cm–2). Combined experimental verification and theoretical simulations reveal that CO spillover from Au sites to the nearby Cu counterparts would enhance CO coverage and thus promote C–C coupling, highlighting the unique structural advantages of the Au‐Cu Janus NSs toward deep reduction of CO2. The current work provides a facile strategy to fabricate tandem catalyst with a Janus structure and validates its structural advantages toward CO2RR, which are of critical importance for the rational design of efficient CO2RR catalyst.
Circulating cell-specific extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic liver diseases
Authors: Newman Lauren A. , Muller Kate , Rowland Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic liver diseases represent a burgeoning health problem affecting billions of people worldwide. The insufficient performance of current minimally invasive tools is recognised as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a rich source of circulating biomarkers closely linked to pathological processes in originating tissues. Here, we summarise the contribution of EVs to normal liver function and to chronic liver pathologies; and explore the use of circulating EV biomarkers, with a particular focus on techniques to isolate and analyse cell- or tissue-specific EVs. Such approaches present a novel strategy to inform disease status and monitor changes in response to treatment in a minimally invasive manner. Emerging technologies that support the selective isolation and analysis of circulating EVs derived only from hepatic cells, have driven recent advancements in EV-based biomarker platforms for chronic liver diseases and show promise to bring these techniques to clinical settings.
On conjectures of Hovey–Strickland and Chai
Authors: Barthel Tobias , Heard Drew , Naumann Niko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove the height two case of a conjecture of Hovey and Strickland that provides a K(n)-local analogue of the Hopkins–Smith thick subcategory theorem. Our approach first reduces the general conjecture to a problem in arithmetic geometry posed by Chai. We then use the Gross–Hopkins period map to verify Chai’s Hope at height two and all primes. Along the way, we show that the graded commutative ring of completed cooperations for Morava E-theory is coherent, and that every finitely generated Morava module can be realized by a K(n)-local spectrum as long as $$2p-2>n^2+n$$

2
p
-
2
>

n
2

+
n

. Finally, we deduce consequences of our results for descent of Balmer spectra.
Gender preferences for robots and gender equality orientation in communication situations
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Nomura Tatsuya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe individual physical appearances of robots are considered significant, similar to the way that those of humans are. We investigated whether users prefer robots with male or female physical appearances for use in daily communication situations and whether egalitarian gender role attitudes are related to this preference. One thousand adult men and women aged 20–60 participated in the questionnaire survey. The results of our study showed that in most situations and for most subjects, “males” was not selected and “females” or “neither” was selected. Moreover, the number of respondents who chose “either” was higher than that who chose “female.” Furthermore, we examined the relationship between gender and gender preference and confirmed that the effect of gender on the gender preference for a robot weakened when the human factor was eliminated. In addition, in some situations for android-type robots and in all situations for machine-type robots, equality orientation in gender role attitudes was shown to be higher for people who were not specific about their gender preferences. It is concluded that there is no need to introduce a robot that specifies its gender. Robots with a gender-neutral appearance might be more appropriate for applications requiring complex human–robot interaction and help avoid reproducing a gender bias.
Should Radiological Assessment be Part of Core General Surgery Competency? A Survey of the General Surgery Residents
Authors: Aziz Hassan , Drumm Gavin , Gleason Augustus , Han Sam M. , Alvi Saba , Palotai Miklos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiological assessment is an important skill to develop in general surgery training. Therefore, we aimed to determine general surgery residents' points of view on receiving formal radiology didactics.MethodsWe performed an anonymous survey of general surgery residents throughout the USA. The survey queried the residents’ postgraduate year, training program type, diagnostic radiology education in their training program, as well as the residents' comfort level in interpreting various imaging modalities, followed by a series of images to assess the residents' ability to interpret images showing various surgical disease processes.ResultsA total of 365 residents responded to the survey. In total, 76.6% of the respondent states that there is no structured didactic session in their program on radiological studies. However, 66.3% felt that interpretation of radiological images should be used to determine surgical competency and promotion to the next academic year. In terms of accurately reading images—68.7% of the residents were able to read an X‐ray showing cecal volvulus correctly, 51.9% were able to read a cholangiogram correctly, and 95.3% were correctly read an X‐ray showing free under the diaphragm.ConclusionMost residents favored having radiological assessments as part of the competency evaluation. Furthermore, a curriculum and inbuilt training structure that aims to ensure residents develop competent clinical image interpretation abilities may enhance the development and retention of such skills, ultimately influencing patient outcomes.
Sleeve Gastrectomy and Cholecystectomy are Safe in Obese Patients with Asymptomatic Cholelithiasis. A Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Habeeb Tamer A. A. M. , Kermansaravi Mohammad , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Manangi Mallikarjuna N. , Elghadban Hosam , Abdelsalam Samar A. , Metwalli Abd‐Elrahman M. , Baghdadi Muhammad Ali , Sarhan Abdelrahman A. , Moursi Adel Mahmoud , El‐Taher Ahmed K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a severe health problem. Gallstones may symptomatize after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Concomitant laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with SG is controversial. The effects of SG and LC versus delayed LC following SG in obese patients with asymptomatic gallbladder stones were evaluated.MethodsA randomized trial of 222 morbidly obese patients with gallbladder stones divided them into two equal groups: SG + LC and SG‐only. This multicenter study conducted from January 2016 to January 2019.ResultsExcept for operative time and postoperative hospital stay, there was no statistically significant difference between LSG + LC group and SG group (P < 0.001). In SG + LC group, LC added 40.7 min to SG, three patients (3%) required conversion, early postoperative complications occurred in 9 cases (9/111, 9%), three cases required re‐intervention (3%). In SG group, the complicated cases required LC were 61 cases (61/111, 55%). Acute cholecystitis (26/61, 42.7%) was the most common gallstone symptoms. Most complicated cases occurred in the first‐year follow‐up (52/61, 85%). In the delayed LC group (61 patients), operative time was 50.13 ± 1.99 min, open conversion occurred in 2 cases (2/61, 3.2%), early postoperative complications occurred in four patients (4/61, 6.4%) and postoperative re‐intervention were due to bile leaks and cystic artery bleeding (2/61, 3.2%).ConclusionsSG with LC prolongs the operative time and hospital stay, but the perioperative complications are the same as delayed LC; LC with SG minimizes the need for a second surgery. Concomitant LC with SG is safe.
Species composition, distribution and relative abundance of the inshore fish community off the Argentine Islands, Bellingshausen Sea
Authors: Trokhymets Vladlen , Savytskiy Oleksander , Zinkovskyi Artem , Gupalo Olena , Dykyy Ihor , Lutsenko Dmytro , Berezkina Anna , La Mesa Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last three decades, several interdisciplinary studies investigated the marine ecosystems off the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most impacted areas of the Southern Ocean by the global warming. Although the extent of near-shore habitats along the WAP is wider than elsewhere in Antarctica, the coastal fish communities have been rarely studied. Complementing these previous studies, we provide new data on the species composition, population structure and relative abundance of the inshore fish community living off the Argentine Islands (Bellingshausen Sea). Fish samples were caught all the year round during four different periods spread over ten years (from 2006 to 2017). The fish fauna consisted of fourteen high-Antarctic and low-Antarctic species of notothenioids, most of them belonging to the Nototheniidae. Notothenia coriiceps was by far the most abundant species, followed in decreasing abundance by Chaenocephalus aceratus, Notothenia rossii, Trematomus newnesi and Trematomus bernacchii. Our findings provide context for future ecological studies as this area represents either a spawning and nursery area for multiple species in this study. More generally, the inshore waters off the Argentine Islands represent the southern limit of distribution for several low-Antarctic species, and our results provide critical baseline data for assessing possible disruptions in population dynamics driven by the ongoing climate change.
Cup positioning and its effect on polyethylene wear of vitamin E- and non-vitamin E-supplemented liners in total hip arthroplasty: radiographic outcome at 5-year follow-up
Authors: Baghdadi Josef , Alkhateeb Shareef , Roth Alexander ,   VITAS-Group, Jäger M , Busch A , Alkhateeb S , Landgraeber S , Serong S , Haversath M , vonWasen A , Windhagen H , Flörkemeier T , Budde S , Kubilay J , Noll Y , Delank KS , Baghdadi J , Willburger R , Dücker M , Wilke A , Hütter F , Jäger Marcus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Aseptic loosening remains a challenging problem after total hip arthroplasty. Accurate cup placement and supplementation of antioxidants in acetabular liners might reduce material failure rates. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the cup position on the wear behaviour of UHMWPE-XE and UHMWPE-X liners in vivo using virtual radiographs.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. Clinical data of 372 probands were analyzed. Anteroposterior pelvic X-rays of 324 patients immediately postoperatively and after 1 and 5 years were evaluated by the RayMatch® analysis software regarding cup position and wear behaviour.

Results
Mean cup anteversion was 20.3° (± 7.4) and inclination was 41.9° (± 7.0) postoperatively. 62.3% of all patients had an anteversion and inclination within the Lewinnek safe zone. Anterior and anterolateral approaches led to significantly higher cup anteversion compared to lateral approaches (27.3° ± 5.5; 20.9° ± 7.2; 17.5° ± 6.6; p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Mean anteversion increased to 24.6° (± 8.0) after 1 year (p < 0.001). Only one revision occurred because of implant dislocation. Wear rates from UHMWPE-X and UHMWPE-XE did not differ significantly. Anteversion angles ≥ 25° correlated to increased polyethylene wear (23.7 µm/year ± 12.8 vs. 31.1 µm/year ± 22.8, p = 0.012) and this was amplified when inclination angles were ≥ 50° (23.6 µm/year ± 12.8 vs. 38.0 µm/year ± 22.7, p = 0.062).

Conclusion
Anterior approaches lead to the highest inaccuracy of cup placement, but cup positioning outside the Lewinnek safe zone does not necessarily cause higher dislocation rates. Moreover, mean anteversion increased by approximately four degrees within the first year after operation, which is expected to be functional due to a regularization of pelvic tilt after intervention. Mid-term wear rates of UHMWPE-X and UHMWPE-XE liners are comparable, but steep cup positions lead to significantly increased polyethylene wear. In summary, a re-evaluation of target zones for intraoperative cup positioning might be considered. In the long-term reduced oxidative embrittlement could lead to superior wear behaviour of vitamin E-blended liners.
A retrospective analysis of hearing after cholesteatoma surgery: the bony obliteration tympanoplasty versus canal wall up and canal wall down without mastoid obliteration
Authors: van der Toom Hylke F. E. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Metselaar Mick , van Linge Anne , Vroegop Jantien L. , Pauw Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate and compare the hearing outcome after the bony obliteration tympanoplasty (BOT), canal wall up (CWU) without mastoid obliteration and canal wall down (CWD) without mastoid obliteration in a large patient cohort. As the aeration of the middle ear is associated with hearing outcome, we hypothesized that the post-operative hearing after the BOT may be better compared to CWU and CWD without obliteration.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study on all adult patients who underwent the BOT, CWU without obliteration or CWD without obliteration for primary or revision cholesteatoma between January 2003 and March 2019 with audiological follow-up at our institution. Pre-operative, short-term post-operative and long-term post-operative hearing tests were analyzed and potential factors influencing post-operative hearing were assessed.

Results
626 ears were included. We found no significant differences between the short-term and long-term post-operative audiometry. The pre-operative air–bone gap (ABG) was the factor with the largest effect size on change in air–bone gap (ABG) between pre- and post-operative. When stratifying for this factor along with the type of ossicular chain reconstruction to account for differences at baseline, no significant differences in post-operative ABG were found between BOT and non-obliteration CWU and CWD.

Conclusion
In this large retrospective cohort study, we found no significant differences in post-operative ABG between the BOT and the non-obliteration CWU and CWD. A solid comparison of hearing between groups remains very challenging as hearing outcome seems to be dependent on many different factors. Hearing outcome seems to be no additional argument to choose for BOT over non-obliteration surgery.
Duration of symptom control following intratympanic dexamethasone injections in Meniere’s disease
Authors: Hilton Aidan , McClelland Alison , McCallum Rhona , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Intratympanic (IT) injections of corticosteroids have emerged as a non-ablative alternative to gentamicin in the management of refractory Meniere’s disease. However, currently, the duration of the symptom control achieved via intratympanic corticosteroids is under reported.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the notes of all patients who underwent IT injections of dexamethasone for the treatment of definite Meniere’s disease at a single tertiary referral university centre over a 6-year period. We included demographic information, the number of procedures patients required, duration of symptom-control achieved (time interval between repeat IT injections), and the presence of co-morbidities, with a focus on the presence of autoimmune disease.

Results
We identified 27 patients who underwent a total of 42 procedures; 23/27 (85.2%) patients demonstrated clinical response with a median period of symptom control of 14.5 months (range 1–64, IQR 10.25). The median longest asymptomatic period per patient was 19 months (range 11–64, IQR: 18). Interestingly, all patients with autoimmune disease (7/27) demonstrated a clinical response; autoimmune disease was found to be a statistically significant predictor of response to treatment (p = 0.002). In patients who received repeated treatment following disease relapse, there was no difference in duration of symptom-control achieved.

Conclusions
IT steroids can provide an effective alternative to gentamicin ablation. Symptom control is achieved for a median of 14.5 months, and treatment can be repeated with no loss of efficacy. Those patients who have an underlying autoimmune co-morbidity are more likely to demonstrate a clinical response to therapy, which may provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of Meniere’s disease.
Biological and molecular characterization of fEg-Eco19, a lytic bacteriophage active against an antibiotic-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolate
Authors: Badawy Shimaa , Baka Zakaria A. M. , Abou-Dobara Mohamed I. , El-Sayed Ahmed K. A. , Skurnik Mikael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCharacterization of bacteriophages facilitates better understanding of their biology, host specificity, genomic diversity, and adaptation to their bacterial hosts. This, in turn, is important for the exploitation of phages for therapeutic purposes, as the use of uncharacterized phages may lead to treatment failure. The present study describes the isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage effective against the important clinical pathogen Escherichia coli, which shows increasing accumulation of antibiotic resistance. Phage fEg-Eco19, which is specific for a clinical E. coli strain, was isolated from an Egyptian sewage sample. Phage fEg-Eco19 formed clear, sharp-edged, round plaques. Electron microscopy showed that the isolated phage is tailed and therefore belongs to the order Caudovirales, and morphologically, it resembles siphoviruses. The diameter of the icosahedral head of fEg-Eco19 is 68 ± 2 nm, and the non-contractile tail length and diameter are 118 ± 0.2 and 13 ± 0.6 nm, respectively. The host range of the phage was found to be narrow, as it infected only two out of 137 clinical E. coli strains tested. The phage genome is 45,805 bp in length with a GC content of 50.3% and contains 76 predicted genes. Comparison of predicted and experimental restriction digestion patterns allowed rough mapping of the physical ends of the phage genome, which was confirmed using the PhageTerm tool. Annotation of the predicted genes revealed gene products belonging to several functional groups, including regulatory proteins, DNA packaging and phage structural proteins, host lysis proteins, and proteins involved in DNA/RNA metabolism and replication.