bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium genavense Infections in Immunocompromised Patients Without HIV: Case Series of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Literature Review
Authors: Baldolli Aurélie , Chocron Richard , Dargère Sylvie , Michon Jocelyn , Daurel Claire , Thuillier-Lecouf Angélique , Verdon Renaud 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium genavense infection is rare and can occur in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods
We describe 2 cases of M genavense infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and we performed a literature review of immunocompromised patients without HIV.

Results
Fifty-two cases are reported. Predisposing factors were receipt of SOT (40.4%) and autoimmune disease (36.5%). Infection was disseminated in 86.5% of cases. Organs involved were lymph nodes (72.3%), gastrointestinal tract (56.5%), lung (35.5%), and bone marrow (28.8%). Most patients were treated with at least 3 antimycobacterial agents (98%), with a clinical cure achieved in 54.9%. In multivariate analysis, lack for cure was associated with age of the time infection (odds ratio [OR], 15.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.92–152.93]; P = .011) and positive bone marrow culture (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01–1.12]; P = .042).

Conclusions
Mycobacterium genavense infection is a rare and generally disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. Optimal treatment regimen and its duration remain to be defined.
Performance of Nanopore and Illumina Metagenomic Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptome Analysis in Infantile Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Horiba Kazuhiro , Torii Yuka , Aizawa Yuta , Yamaguchi Makoto , Haruta Kazunori , Okumura Toshihiko , Suzuki Takako , Kawano Yoshihiko , Kawada Jun-ichi , Hara Shinya , Saitoh Akihiko , Giske Christian G , Ogi Tomoo , Ito Yoshinori 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Infantile central nervous system infections (CNSIs) can be life-threatening and cause severe sequelae. However, the causative microorganism remains unknown in &gt;40% of patients with aseptic infections. This study aimed to analyze the metagenome for detection of pathogens and the transcriptome for host immune responses during infection in a single cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample using 2 different next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, Nanopore and Illumina.

Methods
Twenty-eight CNSIs patients (&lt;12 months) were enrolled, and 49 clinical samples (28 CSF and 21 blood) were collected. The DNA extracted from all 49 samples was sequenced using the Illumina sequencer for the detection of pathogens. Extracted RNA was obtained in sufficient quantities from 23 CSF samples and subjected to sequencing on both Nanopore and Illumina platforms. Human-derived reads subtracted during pathogen detection were used for host transcriptomic analysis from both Nanopore and Illumina sequencing.

Results
RNA metagenomic sequencing using both sequencing platforms revealed putative viral pathogens in 10 cases. DNA sequencing using the Illumina sequencer detected 2 pathogens. The results of Nanopore and Illumina RNA sequencing were consistent; however, the mapping coverage and depth to the detected pathogen genome of Nanopore RNA sequencing were greater than those of Illumina. Host transcriptomic analysis of Nanopore sequencing revealed highly expressed genes related to the antiviral roles of innate immunity from pathogen-identified cases.

Conclusions
The use of Nanopore RNA sequencing for metagenomic diagnostics of CSF samples should help to elucidate both pathogens and host immune responses of CNSI and could shed light on the pathogenesis of these infections.
Tourism and Visual Culture
Authors: Young Patrick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between tourism and visual culture has been an intimate, interdependent and ever-evolving one from the middle of the eighteenth century to the present. Over this period, tourist visual culture played a vital role in organizing, and conventionalizing, specifically modern (and now-global) ways of seeing, and of representing the seen. This is evident, for example, in the development and elaboration of discourses of the picturesque, which invested specific landscapes and sites with visual, emotional, and experiential qualities and criteria of value. Tourist visual culture was also essential to the production of colonial knowledge and difference, contributing both to the making of empire and also its unmaking. A now-global tourist industry remains instrumental in the production and dissemination of destination imagery and place myths, though actual and potential tourists themselves play a greater role as “coproducers” of the tourist image.
Alpine Tourism
Authors: Mathieu Jon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climbing, skiing, and hiking are widely popular touristic activities with roots in the early days of tourism history. This chapter traces the complex global development of “Alpine” or “mountain” tourism from the early modern period to the present day. The first section offers a short glance at mountain cults in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The second focuses on Europe during its expansion in the long nineteenth century, and follows the evolution of the Alpine tourism model. The last section deals with the global development of mountain-related sports in the twentieth century, when the Alpine model was used and refashioned in many ways.
Tourism Alone and in Groups
Authors: Barton Susan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tourism’s development as a mass activity depended on the breaking down of the barriers of time, cost, and fear of the unknown. In preindustrial times, extensive leisure travel was the preserve of those without the time constraints of work, and who had the wealth to meet the expense of staying away from home for long periods, typified by the Grand Tour. These barriers to travel began to be broken down by technological changes. Beginning with railways, then flight, combined with the bundling together of accommodation, entertainment, and travel for sale as a package became increasingly attractive, not least for its cost savings. Traveling in a group was economical and provided support for nervous travelers. As prices fell and incomes rose in the twentieth century, tourism became available beyond a privileged elite. From the 1990s, the internet combined with budget airlines and online booking platforms, facilitated a boom in solo travel for confident tourists.
Homosociality, Sexual Misconduct and Gendered Violence in England’s Pre-Modern Legal Profession
Authors: McVitty Amanda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century evidence shows that common lawyers and law students regularly engaged in sexual misconduct and violence against women. Social histories of the early legal profession give little attention to such incidents, treating them as aberrations or as the ‘natural’ excess of privileged youth. By contrast, this article uses gender analysis to argue that sexual misconduct and gendered violence were structural features of all-male legal culture, contributing to homosocial bonding and to lawyers’ performance of masculinity. Records from the Inns of Court, London civic administration and royal government reveal law students asserting manhood through shared involvement in sexual misconduct and violence. However, it is significant for the history of the profession that young men were not the only offenders. While senior practitioners condemned misconduct and violence in rules and disciplinary regulations, in practice they shielded fellow lawyers from consequences and participated themselves. As perpetrators went on to become barristers, serjeants-at-law, judges and public office-holders, a tradition of toleration and intergenerational complicity was sustained across time. These findings generate new insights into how the training and socialization of lawyers contributed to the gendered violence inherent in the patriarchal judicial system of pre-modern England.
Formation and Preservation of Brucite and Awaruite in Serpentinized and Tectonized Mantle in Central British Columbia: Implications for Carbon Mineralization and Nickel Mining
Authors: Steinthorsdottir Katrin , Dipple Gregory M , Cutts Jamie A , Turvey Connor C , Milidragovic Dejan , Peacock Simon M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The serpentinized and tectonized mantle in the Decar area in central British Columbia, including rocks that host the Baptiste Ni Deposit, consists of several ultramafic protolith lithologies that were variably altered to serpentinite, ophicarbonate, soapstone and listvenite. Alteration minerals include brucite (Mg[OH]2), which can be used to sequester atmospheric CO2 and awaruite (Ni3Fe), which is an economically attractive nickel alloy. This study examines the formation and preservation of brucite (up to 13 wt%) and awaruite (up to 0.12 wt%) in the Decar area and demonstrates that both minerals are formed during serpentinization and destroyed during carbonate alteration of mantle rocks. We distinguish five alteration stages that occurred primarily in a continental environment: (1) low-temperature lizardite serpentinization from meteoric fluids at &lt;300°C, (2) high-temperature antigorite (±metamorphic olivine) serpentinization from metamorphic fluids at &gt;300°C, (3) carbonate alteration, (4) chrysotile veining (±antigorite) serpentinization, and (5) later carbonate alteration from crustal fluids. Brucite formed primarily during late lizardite serpentinization and is most abundant in rocks that originally had high olivine–pyroxene ratios. Awaruite formed during both late lizardite serpentinization and during antigorite serpentinization and is most abundant in serpentinized olivine-rich harzburgite. The stability and abundance of brucite and awaruite are controlled by both the host rock composition and degree of serpentinization. The coexistence of brucite and awaruite reflects formation in serpentinized olivine-rich peridotite and creates an opportunity for carbon-neutral nickel mining.
The coiled-coil protein gene WPRb confers recessive resistance to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
Authors: Cai Lingmin , Liu Jie , Wang Shuchang , Gong Zihui , Yang Siyu , Xu Fengyuan , Hu Zhongyuan , Zhang Mingfang , Yang Jinghua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is one of the major global quarantine viruses and causes severe symptoms in Cucurbit crops, particularly with regard to fruit decay. However, the genetic mechanisms that control plant resistance to CGMMV have yet to be elucidated. Here, we found that WPRb, a weak chloroplast movement under blue light 1 and plastid movement impaired 2-related protein family gene, is recessively associated with CGMMV resistance in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). We developed a reproducible marker based on a single non-synonymous substitution (G1282A) in WPRb, which can be used for marker-assisted selection for CGMMV resistance in watermelon. Editing of WPRb conferred greater tolerance to CGMMV. We found WPRb targets to the plasmodesmata (PD) and biochemically interacts with the CGMMV movement protein, facilitating viral intercellular movement by affecting the permeability of PD. Our findings enable us to genetically control CGMMV resistance in planta by using precise genome editing techniques targeted to WPRb.
Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Providers
Authors: Fisher Mary Insana , Cohn Joy C , Harrington Shana E , Lee Jeanette Q , Malone Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common side effect of cancer treatment. Regular surveillance is recommended, but few clinical practice guidelines transparently assess study bias, quality, and clinical utility in deriving recommendations of screening and assessment methods. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide recommendations for the screening and assessment of CRF for health care professions treating individuals with cancer. Following best practices for development of a CPG using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Statement and Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI) Guidelines Trust Scorecard, this CPG included a systematic search of the literature, quality assessment of included evidence, and stakeholder input from diverse health care fields to derive the final CPG. Ten screening and 15 assessment tools supported by 114 articles were reviewed. One screen (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Quality of Life Questionnaire–30 Core Questionnaire) and 3 assessments (Piper Fatigue Scale–Revised, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Fatigue-SF) received an A recommendation (“should be used in clinical practice”), and 1 screen and 5 assessments received a B recommendation (“may be used in clinical practice”). Health care providers have choice in determining appropriate screening and assessment tools to be used across the survivorship care continuum. The large number of tools available to screen for or assess CRF may result in a lack of comprehensive research evidence, leaving gaps in the body of evidence for measurement tools. More research into the responsiveness of these tools is needed in order to adopt their use as outcome measures.

Impact
Health care providers should screen for and assess CRF using one of the tools recommended by this CPG.
Type H vessels—a bridge connecting subchondral bone remodelling and articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis development
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xie Hui-Qi , Shen Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link subchondral bone remodelling and angiogenesis in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Type H vessels are a newly identified bone blood vessel characterized by high expression of CD31 and endomucin that are coupled with osteogenesis. Factors including mechanical loading, TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor type BB, the osteoprotegerin–RANK ligand–RANK system, osteopontin, mechanistic target of rapamycin, VEGF, stromal cell-derived factor l and prostaglandin E2 participate in the formation of type H vessels in osteoarthritic subchondral bone. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of type H vessels in knee OA, as well as the signalling pathways involved and potential therapeutic medicines. In future, the pathogenesis of knee OA could be further clarified by connecting type H vessels and the design of new disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. However, further experiments are needed to determine the upstream signals regulating type H vessel formation in osteoarthritic subchondral bone.
DOSIMETRY AND CANCER RISK ESTIMATIONS FOR DIFFERENT RADIATION PROTECTION SOLUTIONS AT DECOMMISSIONING A CONTAMINATED NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE
Authors: Andersson Martin , Eckerman Keith , Ören Ünal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Contaminated sediments originating from dredging activities in a nuclear power plant site were placed in a pond, which has to be taken into consideration during the future decommissioning process. The sediments have to be handled to free release the site. The radionuclides Co-60 and Cs-137 were identified and the activity concentrations (Bq/kg) were quantified in the range of 10–6000 and 5–50 Bq kg−1, respectively. The absorbed dose rate to individuals of various ages and sex present at the site of the dry pond area was estimated. The radiological impact in terms of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) and effective dose were calculated. For a 30-year-old male exposed during one year without any action regarding the sediments in the dried out pond, the LAR was predicted to be 0.0027, which recalculated to effective dose corresponds to 7.6 mSv year−1. The calculations show that countermeasures will be needed for the contaminated site.
Longitudinal Network Analysis Reveals Interactive Change of Schizophrenia Symptoms During Acute Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Sun Yaoyao , Zhang Yuyanan , Lu Zhe , Yan Hao , Guo Liangkun , Liao Yundan , Lu Tianlan , Wang Lifang , Li Jun , Li Wenqiang , Yang Yongfeng , Yu Hao , Lv Luxian , Zhang Dai , Bi Wenjian , Yue Weihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisComplex schizophrenia symptoms were recently conceptualized as interactive symptoms within a network system. However, it remains unknown how a schizophrenia network changed during acute antipsychotic treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the interactive change of schizophrenia symptoms under seven antipsychotics from individual time series.Study DesignData on 3030 schizophrenia patients were taken from a multicenter randomized clinical trial and used to estimate the partial correlation cross-sectional networks and longitudinal random slope networks based on multivariate multilevel model. Thirty symptoms assessed by The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale clustered the networks.Study ResultsFive stable communities were detected in cross-sectional networks and random slope networks that describe symptoms change over time. Delusions, emotional withdrawal, and lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation featured as central symptoms, and conceptual disorganization, hostility, uncooperativeness, and difficulty in abstract thinking featured as bridge symptoms, all showing high centrality in the random slope network. Acute antipsychotic treatment changed the network structure (M-test = 0.116, P &lt; .001) compared to baseline, and responsive subjects showed lower global strength after treatment (11.68 vs 14.18, S-test = 2.503, P &lt; .001) compared to resistant subjects. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms kept higher centrality across random slope networks of different antipsychotics. Quetiapine treatment network showed improvement in excitement symptoms, the one featured as both central and bridge symptom.ConclusionOur findings revealed the central symptoms, bridge symptoms, cochanging features, and individualized features under different antipsychotics of schizophrenia. This brings implications for future targeted drug development and search for pathophysiological mechanisms.
Quality of Care and Cost-effectiveness: Optimizing Wound Care in the Netherlands
Authors: Brekelmans Wouter , Borger van der Burg Boudewijn L. S. , Tolen Nicole J. , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Previously, the authors implemented a “fast-track protocol” in the Netherlands to shorten the time to referral for patients when diagnostic testing was deemed necessary given suspicion of underlying pathology preventing wound healing. This subanalysis of the cross-sectional study presents the cost reduction of using that fast-track protocol.

METHODS
The cross-sectional study data were collected at the Alrijne Wound Centre between January 2017 and January 2018 and included patients from two general practitioner practices and a large home-care organization who had a new occurrence of wounds. The cost-effectiveness analysis consisted of an analysis of the mean reduction in care, wound dressing materials, and reduction in unnecessary hospital referrals.

RESULTS
In 2017, a total of 415 patients received wound care of the general practitioners or home-care organization. By using the “fast-track” protocol, costs were reduced in all areas. After extrapolation, the minimum mean cost reduction in wound care was €129,949,638; on wound dressings, it was €2,623,920, and on the reduction of unnecessary hospital referrals, the average recovery was €2,436,000.

CONCLUSIONS
Prompt triage, analyses, and treatment of underlying causes by specialized doctors in a multidisciplinary setting offer enormous potential for cost savings. The conservative estimate is that approximately €135,000,000 to €293,000,000 can be saved in annual healthcare costs in the Netherlands using this protocol.
Influence of Health Education on Podiatric Knowledge, Self-care, and Conditions in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernández-León Paula , Palomo-Toucedo Inmaculada C. , Carvajal-Moreno Lidia , Domínguez-Maldonado Gabriel , Sánchez-Sánchez Sandra , Reina-Bueno María 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine if health education has an influence on podiatric knowledge, self-care, and conditions in adults with diabetes mellitus.

DATA SOURCES
The authors conducted a literature search for Spanish-, English-, and Portuguese-language publications using PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet, and CUIDEN.

STUDY SELECTION
Selected keywords related to diabetes, health education, (diabetic) foot, and self-care were searched, and the titles, abstracts, and relevant full-text articles were screened. Thirteen studies were selected with a total of 1,296 participants. Four were randomized controlled trials, and nine were quasi-experimental studies.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data pertaining to preventive intervention and study outcomes were extracted.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The preventive interventions used varied from traditional educational workshops and one-on-one patient education to new technological strategies. Three different outcomes were evaluated in each study: podiatric knowledge (n = 4), foot self-care (n = 13), and foot problems (n = 2).

CONCLUSIONS
Health education interventions increase podiatric self-care in adults with diabetes mellitus. These interventions appear to contribute positively to foot health and podiatric knowledge.
Anatomic Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction With Single Graft Tibial Socket Fixation
Authors: Swift Brendan , Alzahrani Mohammad , Potter Jeffrey M. , Pickell Michael 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
The posterolateral corner (PLC) is comprised of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament. Injuries to the PLC are associated with significant morbidity and functional limitation, most frequently manifested through a varus thrust gait. In the previous 2 decades, advances have been made in understanding the importance of the PLC and as a result, many techniques have been developed to address its reconstruction.

Material and Methods:
The Laprade technique is a previously described anatomic reconstruction of the PLC. We propose some modifications to this technique, which involve dissection of the posterolateral tibia to allow direct protection of the popliteal neurovascular bundle while establishing tibial fixation. A single hamstring graft is utilized for the reconstruction, is routed through the fibular tunnel and subsequently secured with the use of a dual-expanding tenodesis anchor, placed in a tibial socket removing the need for a tibial tunnel.

Conclusion:
The present study describes a novel anatomic technique that allows for improved protection of neurovascular structures, better control of graft tensioning and tunnel management, and the judicious use of a single tendon autograft while maintaining the described benefits of the anatomic Laprade technique.