bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflektierte Führer in der Allianz der Toleranz: 9/11 und die Suche nach dem „gemäßigten Islam“
Authors: Fuchs Simon Wolfgang , Balistreri Alexander E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The attacks of September 11, 2001 spurred an intense interest in “moderate Islam” in U.S. government circles. Some high-ranking officials, for example, saw “moderate Muslims” as necessary allies in the “War on Terror.” In this article, we examine how the United States went about making allies in the Muslim world after the attacks. The goal was supposedly straightforward: “moderate” Muslims were to be strengthened and empowered to act as an antidote to radical groups. Yet such plans ran into numerous problems. First was the notoriously difficult definition of “moderate Islam,” which ranged from a simple rejection of the primacy of jihad to the acceptance of basic democratic values. Second, in reaching out to the Muslim world, the United States could not solve its own dilemma of being torn between a preference for stability provided by autocrats and the commitment to promote “Islamic” forms of democracy. These tensions resurfaced in the deepened partnership with two countries that were touted as manifestations of moderate Islam’s new promise: Turkey and Pakistan. Given their past efforts in fighting communism, both countries were seen to be potentially equally reliable partners in fighting the new “radical Islamic menace.” As we show, however, these visions did not materialize as hoped. The U.S. government overestimated the room local actors had to maneuver while underestimating the political costs that came with being tied too closely to American interests.
On missing out on „the real George W. Bush“: Die Radikalisierung der Republikaner und die Polarisierung der Politik nach 9/11
Authors: Christ Birte 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay imagines the contemporary American political landscape without the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and their consequences in order to gauge the impact of “9/11” on domestic politics. It suggests that the current political polarization among American voters and within the American party system, which ultimately enabled the election of Donald Trump, would not be that extreme had it not been for the Bush administration’s War on Terror at home and abroad. As the essay outlines, the erosion of the justice system, the US’s disregard for international human rights, and the curbing of citizens’ rights that marked the immediate post-9/11 era led directly to the political polarization, even radicalization, that we witness today. Inversely, this essay speculates that had it not been for 9/11, George W. Bush could have been a moderate conservative force, bridging the chasm between the American right and left, and rallying the nation behind the cause of fighting poverty – the “real George W. Bush” might have had a chance, and the United States as well as the Republican party would look different today.
Human centered design workshops as a meta-solution to diagnostic disparities
Authors: Wiegand Aaron A. , Dukhanin Vadim , Sheikh Taharat , Zannath Fateha , Jajodia Anushka , Schrandt Suzanne , Haskell Helen , McDonald Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic errors – inaccurate or untimely diagnoses or failures to communicate diagnoses – are harmful and costly for patients and health systems. Diagnostic disparities occur when diagnostic errors are experienced at disproportionate rates by certain patient subgroups based, for example, on patients’ age, sex/gender, or race/ethnicity. We aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a human centered design workshop series that engages diverse stakeholders to develop solutions for mitigating diagnostic disparities.

Methods
We employed a series of human centered design workshops supplemented by semi-structured interviews and literature evidence scans. Co-creation sessions and rapid prototyping by patient, clinician, and researcher stakeholders were used to generate design challenges, solution concepts, and prototypes.

Results
A series of four workshops attended by 25 unique participants was convened in 2019–2021. Workshops generated eight design challenges, envisioned 29 solutions, and formulated principles for developing solutions in an equitable, patient-centered manner. Workshops further resulted in the conceptualization of 37 solutions for addressing diagnostic disparities and prototypes for two of the solutions. Participants agreed that the workshop processes were replicable and could be implemented in other settings to allow stakeholders to generate context-specific solutions.

Conclusions
The incorporation of human centered design through a series of workshops promises to be a productive way of engaging patient-researcher stakeholders to mitigate and prevent further exacerbation of diagnostic disparities. Healthcare stakeholders can apply human centered design principles to guide thinking about improving diagnostic performance and to center diverse patients’ needs and experiences when implementing quality and safety improvements.
Circular shape monopole antenna with modified ground plane proclaiming SWB characteristics
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Sinha Rashmi , Choubey Arvind , Mahto Santosh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModern communication systems require an antenna with miniaturized size and large bandwidth with high data rate. In this article, a circular monopole antenna is presented with hexagonal patch on both sides of microstrip feedline and an I- shaped rectangular slot etched at the center of feedline to provide impedance matching. The modified loaded ground reduces the coupling between ground plane and radiation patch. This antenna has compact dimension of 30 mm × 25 mm with electrical size of 0.25λ × 0.20λ.This antenna has been designed and simulated in HFSS commercial software and fabricated on FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm with relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02. The experimental results are compared with simulated one, which are in close agreement. It attains a frequency band ranging from 2.4 to 56.6 GHz with reflection coefficient <−10, percentage bandwidth of 183.72%, Bandwidth Ratio (BR) 23.58:1, and Bandwidth Dimension Ratio (BDR) of 3674.40. The peak gain and radiation efficiency of this antenna is 12.77 dBi and 98.82% at 45.84 and 5.6 GHz respectively. Time domain analysis has been done, which proclaims that the proposed antenna has SWB characteristics. It may be useful for high data rate transmission, medical imaging, and other SWB applications.
Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering and Heat Treatment on Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing Produced Ledeburitic Cold Work Tool Steel*
Authors: Wieczorek L. , Katzwinkel T. , Blüm M. , Löwer M. , Röttger A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, the possibility of manufacturing complex-shaped components from a carbon-martensitic hardenable cold-work steel (1.2379; X153CrMoV12; D2) is investigated. For this purpose, cube-shaped samples with an edge length of 10 mm were produced using the fused-filament fabrication process, which were post-compacted after solvent debinding by supersolidus liquid-phase sintering. Using the knowledge of liquid phase volume content as a function of temperature, supersolidus liquid phase sintering experiments were performed. The microstructure formation process was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microstructure and hardness of the processed samples were compared in the heat-treated condition with the properties of the same steel 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; D2) in the as-cast, deformed and heat-treated condition. The results demonstrate effective post-densificationc close to theoretical density of cold-work tool steel samples fabricated by fused-filamet fabrication using supersolidus liquid-phase sintering at 1280 °C. The defect-free microstructure in the heat-treated state is characterized by a martensitic matrix and eutectic Cr-rich M7 C3 and small amounts of V-rich MC carbides. The hardness of the annealed Supersolidus liquid phase sintering samples are 681 ± 5 HV10, which is above the level of the reference material 1.2379 (629 ± 7 HV10) in the as-cast, formed and heat-treated condition.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets prepared by microwave sintering
Authors: Tang Siwen , Zhang Hao , Yang Zhifu , Liu Qian , Lv Zheng , Ouyang Cong , Qiu Xinyi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study shows the application of microwave sintering (MS) on preparing NbC–10Ni and NbC–12Ni cermets, as well as the effect of its microstructure, phase formation, and mechanical properties. Results indicated that NbC–Ni cermets with a fine and uniform structure can be obtained by MS in a relatively short time. And the sintering temperature greatly influenced the microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets, whereas the effect of dwell time is relatively small. With the increase of the sintering temperature, the microstructure of NbC–Ni cermets experienced sintering densification and grain growth. The strength and toughness increased first and then decreased, and the hardness increased with the increase of sintering temperature. According to the comprehensive mechanical properties, the optimized sintering process is 1,390°C and the dwell time is 15 min. At this time, no new phase formed, but the diffraction peak of the Ni phase shifted. Through analysis, it is found that the improvement mechanisms for comprehensive mechanical properties of NbC–Ni cermets mainly include grain refinement, crack deflection and bridging, and energy absorption of the ductile phase of Ni.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCuX high-entropy alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Luo Wenqi , Zou Qin , Li Yanguo , Ye Xihui , Yang Xiaowei , Song Jintao , Luo Yongan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
CoCrNiCuX (X = Mn, MnFe, FeAl) high-entropy alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The relationship between microstructural and mechanical properties of CoCrNiCuX powders and bulks was investigated. The effects of the addition and substitution of elements on crystal structure transition, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties were assessed. The results indicated that, with the addition of Fe, the crystal structure of the alloys was transformed from fcc phase to a mix of fcc and bcc phases. By substituting Mn with Fe and Al, the formation of bcc phase was promoted, which caused precipitation hardening that significantly improved the hardness and compression strength of the investigated high-entropy alloys.
The role of self-construal in EFL vocabulary learning
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVocabulary learning is often assigned as out-of-class learning, which learners need to autonomously initiate and be motivated to sustain. Under such learning modes, though independent learners may need less motivational scaffolding, learners who prefer a more interactive study environment may need to be provided with assistance to boost their motivation. Focusing on such personal determinants, this study examines the role of self-construal in vocabulary learning by employing self-determination theory. The participants were 155 engineering students from a Japanese technical college. Path and mediation analyses were performed based on vocabulary test scores and questionnaire responses. Results revealed that independent self-construal had a significant impact on more self-determined types of both motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) and amotivation, but interdependent self-construal was statistically irrelevant to them, in the context of vocabulary learning. Furthermore, perceived autonomy and competence mediated the relationship between independent self-construal and motivation. These findings indicate that vocabulary learning motivation is shaped and regulated by self-construal and may be enhanced through support of the mediators.
Evaluating molecular representations in machine learning models for drug response prediction and interpretability
Authors: Baptista Delora , Correia João , Pereira Bruno , Rocha Miguel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to guide drug discovery processes. When applying ML approaches to chemical datasets, molecular descriptors and fingerprints are typically used to represent compounds as numerical vectors. However, in recent years, end-to-end deep learning (DL) methods that can learn feature representations directly from line notations or molecular graphs have been proposed as alternatives to using precomputed features. This study set out to investigate which compound representation methods are the most suitable for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer cell lines. Twelve different representations were benchmarked on 5 compound screening datasets, using DeepMol, a new chemoinformatics package developed by our research group, to perform these analyses. The results of this study show that the predictive performance of end-to-end DL models is comparable to, and at times surpasses, that of models trained on molecular fingerprints, even when less training data is available. This study also found that combining several compound representation methods into an ensemble can improve performance. Finally, we show that a post hoc feature attribution method can boost the explainability of the DL models.
KaIDA: a modular tool for assisting image annotation in deep learning
Authors: Schilling Marcel P. , Schmelzer Svenja , Klinger Lukas , Reischl Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep learning models achieve high-quality results in image processing. However, to robustly optimize parameters of deep neural networks, large annotated datasets are needed. Image annotation is often performed manually by experts without a comprehensive tool for assistance which is time- consuming, burdensome, and not intuitive. Using the here presented modular Karlsruhe Image Data Annotation (KaIDA) tool, for the first time assisted annotation in various image processing tasks is possible to support users during this process. It aims to simplify annotation, increase user efficiency, enhance annotation quality, and provide additional useful annotation-related functionalities. KaIDA is available open-source athttps://git.scc.kit.edu/sc1357/kaida.
Performance analysis of WDM-ROF network with different receiver filters
Authors: Gupta Anuj Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radio over fiber (ROF) is a very attractive technology for the increasing demand for flexibility and transmission capacity and due to its high bandwidth and low attenuation, it offers an economic advantage. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is used to multiplex the different wavelengths signals within a single optical fiber. In this paper, WDM-ROF system is analysed with different filters using an optisystem. Results were compared using max Q factor, min BER, and eye height parameters.
Pronominalization and clitic doubling in Syrian and Omani Arabic
Authors: Hallman Peter , Al-Balushi Rashid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article treats cliticization of a pronoun to a syntactic host and doubling of the clitic pronoun with a non-pronominal counterpart in Syrian and Omani Arabic. Although the two varieties are closely related and the morphological paradigms they display are very similar, the pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns they display are quite different. We trace this difference to a basic difference in whether the relevant syntactic processes are sensitive to intervention effects in the two dialects, with the result being that the restrictiveness of pronominalization and clitic pronoun doubling patterns parallel the restrictiveness of basic word order patterns – whether double-object constructions are ‘symmetric’ or ‘asymmetric’ – with Syrian being the more restrictive of the two varieties.
The Russian prepositional TIPA and VRODE in online student discourse: evidence of attraction?
Authors: Kolyaseva Alena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article scrutinizes the use of two competing Russian prepositions, tipa and vrode ‘like, such as’, in online student discourse. Both are associated with the crosslinguistically attested grammaticalization of taxonomic nouns, with tipa having derived from the noun tip ‘type’ and vrode from the noun rod ‘kind’. A prior study contemporary to the fairly recent grammaticalization of tipa forecasted a substitution scenario for the two competing forms. Forty years later, the present article shows that in the current discourse of younger speakers (i) there is indeed a selectional bias in favor of the prepositional tipa (which does not extend to the items’ particle uses) and (ii) the two prepositions demonstrate a high degree of attraction. However, this article also provides quantitative evidence that suggests the presence of a counterforce – subjectification. The selection is modeled on the basis of the items’ functions, realizations of the right- and left-side slots, the speaker’s gender, their evaluative attitude to the referent of the construction, and the perceived casualness of the discourse situation proxied by neutral or markedly informal expression styles.
Spatial analysis of economic predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Richard , Osayomi Tolulope , Iyanda Ayodeji , Alabede Opeyemi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobally, under-five mortality rates declined from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 38 in 2019. Despite the remarkable progress in reducing under-five mortality globally, it is still significantly high in Nigeria with 117 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning that 1 in 8 children die before the age of 5. The extant literature on the risk factors of under-five mortality in Nigeria have been largely limited to maternal socio-economic characteristics and environmental factors, with little known about the macroeconomic predictors within a spatial context. As a result, this study examines the macroeconomic predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria. The data were analysed using spatial statistics. Results show that some parts of northern Nigeria are hotspots of under-five mortality. The study also discovers that inflation rate is a risk factor of under-five mortality in southern Nigeria while internally generated revenue is the predictor in the northern region. The study recommends region-specific interventions such as controlling the high rate of inflation and improving internally generated revenue to reduce under-five mortality in the country.
Cryo ion polishing and high-resolution electron microscopy on a layered PEM composite of an automotive fuel cell
Authors: Kopp A. , Niedermeier J. , Nagel A. , Bernthaler T. , Schneider G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gas and ion diffusivity within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are of central importance for the functioning of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. These properties are, among other things, directly impacted by the microstructure of the layering and the morphology of the individual layers. Different types of preparation were used to prepare the inner layer composite of the MEA/PEM of a fuel cell. The preparation quality provided for high resolution electron microscopy and the microstructure quantification were compared. The conventional mechanical preparation is compared to planar ion polishing, and cryo ion polishing at -80 °C. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed by way of examples related to the microstructure such as porosity, elemental distribution, and the measurement of the layer thickness. It is shown that cryo ion polishing facilitates a largely artifact-free preparation of the highly thermo-sensitive, partially highly porous layered PTFE composites, and the porous catalyst layers. Thus, not only easily ascertainable layer thicknesses but also qualitative features and important quantitative microstructural parameters, such as nanometer-sized pore structures and the porosity of the various composite layers can be revealed.
Comparison of preparation techniques used for the identification of microstructural constituents in the microcrystalline structure of the eutectoid cold-work steel 80CrV2 (1.2235) after austempering
Authors: Holm C. , Gittel H.-J. , Krieg R. , Theiß R. , Dültgen P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Strip material made of 80CrV2 was bainitized for a further development of the master blade steels for thin-cutting circular and band saw blades. Severe distortion after tempering of the material led to the search for a metallographic preparation method to identify the microstructural constituents retained austenite and martensite. Mechanical preparation followed by chemical etching was unsuccessful because the surface was too rough to identify the targeted phases under SEM. Performing an electrolytic preparation produced a less rough surface with sharp phase boundaries, which allowed identification at high magnifications under the SEM. Microhardness testing was used to distinguish between the microstructural constituents of retained austenite and martensite.
Extended N

b
-cone metric spaces over Banach algebra with an application
Authors: Fernandez Jerolina , Malviya Neeraj , Kumar Santosh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this manuscript, we present a new notion which is named as extended N

b
-cone metric space over Banach algebra and investigate some fixed point results in the new setting. In order to examine the validity of the underlying space we gave an application for existence and uniqueness of solution for a system of Fredholm integral equation. At last, we present some interesting examples to illustrate our work.
Arabic songs: an affective forum for combating COVID-19 and other insecurities
Authors: Habib Rania 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLike other literary genres, songs can be a successful outlet for achieving certain goals. Using a qualitative and descriptive approach utilizing the stancetaking framework, this study examines the development and use of more than 50 Arabic songs as a vehicle to not only inform the public about COVID-19, but also take affective stances that connect the current distressing situation of the Arab people due to COVID-19 with past hardships and crises. These stances invoke salient sociocultural values that are understood and evaluated similarly by Arab people. Evaluating and positioning the insecurity of the pandemic against insecurities of the past activates the affects and messages of the stance, which align with the evaluations and affects of the listeners. That Arab people from different countries share similar evaluations of their insecurities and invoke similar sociocultural values in response to their dreadful situations is indicative of the co-construction of a shared Arab identity through the sociocognitive intersubjectivity of the stances that are indexed to shared repertoires, sociocultural values, and affects.
The relationship between ionic conductivity and structural characteristics of melt-grown KR
3F10 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Y) single crystals
Authors: Karimov Denis N. , Buchinskaya Irina I. , Sorokin Nikolay I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The temperature dependences of the ionic electrical conductivity of fluorite-type (sp. gr.

F
m

3
‾

m

$Fm\overline{3}m$

, Z = 8) KDy3F10 and KHo3F10 single crystals grown by the Bridgman technique have been studied by impedance spectroscopy for the first time. The correlation between the conductometric and structural characteristics of KR
3F10 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Y) crystal family from the point of view of the observed size effect in the ionic conductivity is discussed. With decrease in the unit-cell volume V
1F per fluorine atom in a series of crystals with R = Tb, Dy, Ho and Y, the activation energy Eσ of ion transfer decreases from 1.57 to 1.16 eV respectively and the fluorine-ion conductivity value increases from 3.0 × 10−5 to 4.4 × 10−4 S cm at 773 K, i.e. the nature of the conductivity change is linearly antibatic. This phenomenon can be useful for developing approaches and search strategies for new ionic conductors.