bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saliva-Based, COVID-19 RT-PCR Pooled Screening Strategy to Keep Schools Open
Authors: Perea Sofia , Tretina Kyle , O’Donnell Kirk N. , Love Rebecca , Bethlendy Gabor , Wirtz Michael , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
As of March 2020, governments throughout the world implemented business closures, work from home policies, and school closures due to exponential increase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, leaving only essential workers being able to work on site. For most of the children and adolescent school closures during the first lockdown had significant physical and psychosocial consequences. Here, we describe a comprehensive Return to School program based on a behavior safety protocol combined with the use of saliva-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) pooled screening technique to keep schools opened.

Methods:
The program had 2 phases: before school (safety and preparation protocols) and once at school (disease control program: saliva-based RT-PCR pooled screening protocol and contact tracing). Pooling: Aliquots of saliva from 24 individuals were pooled and 1 RT-PCR test was performed. If positive, the initial 24-pool was then retested (12 pools of 2). Individual RT-PCR tests from saliva samples from positive pools of 2 were performed to get an individual diagnosis.

Results:
From August 31 until December 20, 2020 (16-wk period) a total of 3 pools, and subsequent 3 individual diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease were reported (2 teachers and 1 staff).

Conclusion:
Until COVID-19 vaccine can be administered broadly to all-age children, saliva-based RT-PCR pooling testing is the missing piece we were searching for to keep schools opened.
Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Sites at Three Medical Centers in the United States: Strengths and Challenges Assessment to Inform COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Public Health Emergency Use
Authors: Lambrou Anastasia S. , Redd John T. , Stewart Miles A. , Rainwater-Lovett Kaitlin , Thornhill Jonathan K. , Hayes Lynn , Smith Gina , Thorp George M. , Tomaszewski Christian , Edward Adolphe , Elías Calles Natalia , Amox Mark , Merta Steven , Pfundt Tiffany , Callahan Victoria , Tewell Adam , Scharf-Bell Helga , Imbriale Samuel , Freeman Jeffrey D. , Anderson Michael , Kadlec Robert P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Monoclonal antibody therapeutics to treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Many barriers exist when deploying a novel therapeutic during an ongoing pandemic, and it is critical to assess the needs of incorporating monoclonal antibody infusions into pandemic response activities. We examined the monoclonal antibody infusion site process during the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted a descriptive analysis using data from 3 sites at medical centers in the United States supported by the National Disaster Medical System. Monoclonal antibody implementation success factors included engagement with local medical providers, therapy batch preparation, placing the infusion center in proximity to emergency services, and creating procedures resilient to EUA changes. Infusion process challenges included confirming patient severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity, strained staff, scheduling, and pharmacy coordination. Infusion sites are effective when integrated into pre-existing pandemic response ecosystems and can be implemented with limited staff and physical resources.
Transforming the legal profession: an interview study of change managers in law
Authors: Rogers Justine , Bell Felicity 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA lively debate progresses about change to the professions, including law, especially change in the form of managerialism. ‘Managerialism’ covers the methods and beliefs of managers within organisations, used to actively influence, evaluate, and ‘market’ professional work. But what about when that managerialism is change itself? How do we understand managerialism-as-change? This paper reports on an interview study with change managers, or ‘transformation leaders’ in the legal profession. Transformation leaders offer rich insights into the dynamics of professional change because they are incontrovertibly change agents. They are also themselves a form of managerial change as a new cadre of managers within the professions; managers with ‘hybrid’ identities whose legitimacy in professional settings is not assured. The findings presented include: the change leaders’ identities; the types of change being introduced; the constraints on and affordances for change in legal practices; and how change leaders secure, and sometimes struggle to secure, the authority needed to implement change. The concluding discussion highlights the study's contributions to our understanding of professional change and managerialism in the legal context – both what changes are being pursued and how they are materialising through certain ‘managerial’ goals, strategies, and the interactions of those with mixed identities and status.
A Study of One Local‐Scale Convective Precipitation Event Over Central Tibetan Plateau With Large Eddy Simulations
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Shi Yueqin , Gao Wenhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with Large Eddy Simulation was employed to investigate a local‐scale convective precipitation event at Naqu (altitude of 4.5 km) over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) on 24 July 2014. The WRF‐LES simulations with horizontal grid spacing of 200 m (CTRL) basically reproduced the rainfall pattern and evolution process compared to the observations. Five sensitivity experiments including removal the hills in east of Naqu (TER), decrease or increase of surface sensible heat flux (HFX0.67, HFX1.5), and surface latent heat flux (QFX0.67, QFX1.5) were implemented, respectively. Results show that the increase of surface heat flux and the eastern hills both enhanced the convection, which was triggered by the low‐level wind convergence. The QFX0.67 simulated the weakest precipitation among six runs, and the QFX1.5 simulated the earliest and strongest convection due to the enhanced atmospheric instability. It is found that the HFX0.67 caused the earlier convection initiation than CTRL and HFX1.5 owing to the lowest lifting condensation level and wettest low troposphere in it. Over the flat terrain in west of Naqu, weak convection was mostly affected by the surface heat flux. The product of 4.8 km wind convergence and difference between 7 km and 4.8 km equivalent potential temperature (>2 × 10−2 K/s) can partly indicate the development of low‐layer turbulence and the subsequent convection in free atmosphere. In addition, water vapor condensation (extending to 10 km) and raindrop evaporation (below 6 km) were two key phase‐change microphysical processes during the convective period even the quite low 0°C layer (∼6.5 km) over TP.
Explaining the Variability in High‐Frequency Nitrate Export Patterns Using Long‐Term Hydrological Event Classification
Authors: Winter C. , Tarasova L. , Lutz S. R. , Musolff A. , Kumar R. , Fleckenstein J. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRunoff events play an important role in nitrate export from catchments, but the variability of export patterns between events and catchments is high and the dominant drivers remain difficult to disentangle. Here, we rigorously asses if detailed knowledge on runoff event characteristics can help to explain this variability. To this end, we conducted a long‐term (1955–2018) event classification using hydro‐meteorological data, including rainfall characteristics, soil moisture and snowmelt, in six neighboring mesoscale catchments with contrasting land use. We related these event characteristics to nitrate export patterns from high‐frequency nitrate concentration monitoring (2013–2017) using concentration‐discharge (CQ) relationships. Our results show that low‐magnitude rainfall‐induced events with dry antecedent conditions exported lowest nitrate concentrations and loads but exhibited highly variable CQ relationships. We explain this by a low fraction of active flow paths, revealing the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate sources within the catchments and by an increased impact of biogeochemical retention processes. In contrast, high‐magnitude rainfall or snowmelt‐induced events exported highest nitrate concentrations and loads and converged to similar chemostatic export patterns across all catchments, without exhibiting source limitation. We explain these homogeneous export patterns by high catchment wetness that activated a high number of flow paths and by higher nitrate availability during high‐flow seasons. Long‐term hydro‐meteorological data indicated an increased number of events with dry antecedent conditions in summer and a decreased number of snow‐influenced events. These trends will likely continue and cause increased nitrate concentration variability during low‐flow seasons and changes in the timing of nitrate export peaks during high‐flow seasons.
Audit of donor centre: guidelines by the World Marrow Donor Association Quality and Regulation Working Group
Authors: Weber Maren , Sacchi Nicoletta , Haun Sherry , Tistl Ingrid , Thompson Stephanie , Sengomona Hirasine , Ahmed Salmah Mahmood , Kürsteiner Oliver , Schwarz Carolin , Wuchter Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccording to the Standards of the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) 2020 [1] unrelated stem cell donor registries are responsible for compliance of their donor centres with these Standards. To ensure high stem cell product quality and high standards for safety and satisfaction of voluntary unrelated stem cell donors, we present here guidelines for audits of donor centres (DC) that can be used by new and established donor registries. They have been developed for registries relying on independent national or international DCs for the recruitment and management of Unrelated Donors (UD) for verification typing (VT)/extended tying (ET), work up processes and Hemopoietic Progenitor Cell (HPC) donation. The main goal of these guidelines is to support registries in verifying and auditing their affiliated DCs to ensure they are compliant with the WMDA Standards, as well as WMDA recommendations. We define the general requirements and recommendations for collaboration with the DC and guidelines to manage the UD, step by step from recruitment to follow-up. We also provide a checklist, intended to serve as a resource for auditors performing an audit at a DC.
ALKBH5-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of TRERNA1 promotes DLBCL proliferation via p21 downregulation
Authors: Song Wei , Fei Fei , Qiao Fengchang , Weng Zuyi , Yang Yuanxun , Cao Bei , Yue Jing , Xu Jiaxuan , Zheng Meihong , Li Juan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial functions in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancers. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism in various malignancies. Nevertheless, the mechanism of m6A-modified lncRNA in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has remained poorly defined. In the present study, we showed that lncRNA TRERNA1 was associated with the poor prognosis of DLBCL patients. TRERNA1 with internal m6A modification was highly correlated with the demethylase ALKBH5 expression. We further demonstrated that TRERNA1 was a potential downstream target of ALKBH5-mediated m6A modification by m6A-RNA sequencing and m6A-RIP assays. Decreased m6A methylation of TRERNA1 regulated by ALKBH5 was shown to regulate cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The results of mechanism analyses revealed that TRERNA1 recruited EZH2 to epigenetically silence the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21 by H3K27me3 modification of its promoter region. In addition, ALKBH5 further inhibited p21 expression. Taken together, our results elucidate the functional roles and epigenetic alterations of TRERNA1 through m6A modification in DLBCL. TRERNA1, the expression of which is upregulated by ALKBH5, acts as a scaffold that decreases p21 expression. The results of the present study provide novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL.
Lung emphysema and impaired macrophage elastase clearance in mucolipin 3 deficient mice
Authors: Spix Barbara , Butz Elisabeth S. , Chen Cheng-Chang , Rosato Anna Scotto , Tang Rachel , Jeridi Aicha , Kudrina Veronika , Plesch Eva , Wartenberg Philipp , Arlt Elisabeth , Briukhovetska Daria , Ansari Meshal , Günsel Gizem Günes , Conlon Thomas M. , Wyatt Amanda , Wetzel Sandra , Teupser Daniel , Holdt Lesca M. , Ectors Fabien , Boekhoff Ingrid , Boehm Ulrich , García-Añoveros Jaime , Saftig Paul , Giera Martin , Kobold Sebastian , Schiller Herbert B. , Zierler Susanna , Gudermann Thomas , Wahl-Schott Christian , Bracher Franz , Yildirim Ali Önder , Biel Martin , Grimm Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLung emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Excess macrophage elastase MMP-12, which is predominantly secreted from alveolar macrophages, is known to mediate the development of lung injury and emphysema. Here, we discovered the endolysosomal cation channel mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) as a regulator of MMP-12 reuptake from broncho-alveolar fluid, driving in two independently generated Trpml3−/− mouse models enlarged lung injury, which is further exacerbated after elastase or tobacco smoke treatment. Mechanistically, using a Trpml3IRES-Cre/eR26-τGFP reporter mouse model, transcriptomics, and endolysosomal patch-clamp experiments, we show that in the lung TRPML3 is almost exclusively expressed in alveolar macrophages, where its loss leads to defects in early endosomal trafficking and endocytosis of MMP-12. Our findings suggest that TRPML3 represents a key regulator of MMP-12 clearance by alveolar macrophages and may serve as therapeutic target for emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Extendable stapling of unprotected peptides by crosslinking two amines with o-phthalaldehyde
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Lan , Chen Xiangxiang , Chu Xin , Tang Hong , Zhang Jie , He Gang , Li Li , Chen Gong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeptide modification methods that do not rely on the cysteine residue are underdeveloped, and their development could greatly expand the current toolbox for peptide chemistry. During the course of preliminary investigations into the classical ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-amine-thiol condensation reaction, we found that in the absence of thiol, OPA readily condenses with two primary alkyl amines to form a class of underexplored isoindolin-1-imine compounds under mild aqueous conditions. From the intramolecular version of this OPA-2amines reaction, an efficient and selective methodology using mild reaction conditions has been developed for stapling unprotected peptides via crosslinking of two amino groups in both an end-to-side and side-to-side fashion. The stapling method is superfast and broadly applicable for various peptide substrates with the reacting amino groups separated by a wide range of different amino acid units. The macrocyclization reactions of selected substrates are completed within 10 seconds at 5 mM concentration and within 2 minutes at 50 μM concentration. Importantly, the resulting cyclized peptides with an isoindolinimine linkage can be extended in a one-pot sequential addition manner with several different electron-deficient π electrophiles, thereby generating more complex structures.
Unconventional mechanism and selectivity of the Pd-catalyzed C–H bond lactonization in aromatic carboxylic acid
Authors: Xu Li-Ping , Qian Shaoqun , Zhuang Zhe , Yu Jin-Quan , Musaev Djamaladdin G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe search for more effective and highly selective C–H bond oxidation of accessible hydrocarbons and biomolecules is a greatly attractive research mission. The elucidating of mechanism and controlling factors will, undoubtedly, help to broaden scope of these synthetic protocols, and enable discovery of more efficient, environmentally benign, and highly practical new C–H oxidation reactions. Here, we reveal the stepwise intramolecular SN2 nucleophilic substitution mechanism with the rate-limiting C–O bond formation step for the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H lactonization in aromatic 2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. We show that for this reaction, the direct C–O reductive elimination from both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) (oxidized by O2 oxidant) intermediates is unfavorable. Critical factors controlling the outcome of this reaction are the presence of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and K+–O(carboxylic) interactions. The controlling factors of the benzylic vs ortho site-selectivity of this reaction are the: (a) difference in the strains of the generated lactone rings; (b) difference in the strengths of the η3-(π-benzylic)–Pd and η2-(π-phenyl)–Pd interactions, and (c) more pronounced electrostatic interaction between the nucleophilic oxygen and K+ cation in the ortho-C–H activation transition state. The presented data indicate the utmost importance of base, substrate, and ligand in the selective C(sp3)–H bond lactonization in the presence of C(sp2)–H.
Design high-entropy carbide ceramics from machine learning
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Biao , Xiong Yaoxu , Ma Shihua , Wang Zhe , Wu Zhenggang , Zhao Shijun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-entropy ceramics (HECs) have shown great application potential under demanding conditions, such as high stresses and temperatures. However, the immense phase space poses great challenges for the rational design of new high-performance HECs. In this work, we develop machine-learning (ML) models to discover high-entropy ceramic carbides (HECCs). Built upon attributes of HECCs and their constituent precursors, our ML models demonstrate a high prediction accuracy (0.982). Using the well-trained ML models, we evaluate the single-phase probability of 90 HECCs that are not experimentally reported so far. Several of these predictions are validated by our experiments. We further establish the phase diagrams for non-equiatomic HECCs spanning the whole composition space by which the single-phase regime can be easily identified. Our ML models can predict both equiatomic and non-equiatomic HECs based solely on the chemical descriptors of constituent transition-metal-carbide precursors, which paves the way for the high-throughput design of HECCs with superior properties.
A machine learning analysis of the relationship of demographics and social gathering attendance from 41 countries during pandemic
Authors: Szaszi Barnabas , Hajdu Nandor , Szecsi Peter , Tipton Elizabeth , Aczel Balazs 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKnowing who to target with certain messages is the prerequisite of efficient public health campaigns during pandemics. Using the COVID-19 pandemic situation, we explored which facets of the society—defined by age, gender, income, and education levels—are the most likely to visit social gatherings and aggravate the spread of a disease. Analyzing the reported behavior of 87,169 individuals from 41 countries, we found that in the majority of the countries, the proportion of social gathering-goers was higher in male than female, younger than older, lower-educated than higher educated, and low-income than high-income subgroups of the populations. However, the data showed noteworthy heterogeneity between the countries warranting against generalizing from one country to another. The analysis also revealed that relative to other demographic factors, income was the strongest predictor of avoidance of social gatherings followed by age, education, and gender. Although the observed strength of these associations was relatively small, we argue that incorporating demographic-based segmentation into public health campaigns can increase the efficiency of campaigns with an important caveat: the exploration of these associations needs to be done on a country level before using the information to target populations in behavior change interventions.
A countrywide analysis of 27 solar power plants installed at different climates
Authors: Ozden Talat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe world is still heavily using nonconventional energy sources, which are worryingly based on carbon. The step is now alternative energy sources hoping that they will be more environmentally friendly. One of the important energy conversion forms by using these sources is photovoltaic solar systems. These type of power plants is on the increase in everyday on the world. Before investment a solar power plant in a specified region, a techno-economic analyse is performed for that power plant by using several meteorological data like solar irradiance and ambient temperature. However, this analyses generally lacks evaluation on effects of climatic and geographical conditions. In this work, 5 years of data of 27 grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are investigated, which are installed on seven different climate types in Turkey. Firstly, the power plants are categorized considering the tilt angles and Köppen–Gieger climate classification. The performance evaluations of the plants are mainly conducted using monthly average efficiencies and specific yields. The monthly average efficiencies, which were classified using the tilts and climate types were from 12 to 17%, from 12 to 16% and from 13 to 15% for tilts 30°/10°, 25° and 20°, respectively. The variation in the specific yields decrease with elevation as y(x) =  − 0.068x + 1707.29 (kWh/kWp). As the performances of photovoltaic systems for some locations within the Csb climatic regions may relatively lower than some other regions with same climate type. Thus, techno-economic performance for PVPP located in this climate classification should be carefully treated.
Use of the proteomic tool MALDI-TOF MS in termite identification
Authors: Hasnaoui Bouthaina , Diarra Adama Zan , Berenger Jean-Michel , Medkour Hacène , Benakhla Ahmed , Mediannikov Oleg , Parola Philippe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proved effective for the identification of many arthropods. A total of 432 termite specimens were collected in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Senegal, Switzerland and France. Morphologically, 22 species were identified, including Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Amitermes evuncifer, Cryptotermes brevis, Cubitermes orthognathus, Kalotermes flavicollis, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes ivorensis, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Microcerotermes parvus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes latericius, Procubitermes sjostedti, Promirotermes holmgreni, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Trinervitermes geminatus, Trinervitermes occidentalis, Trinervitermes togoensis, Trinervitermes sp., Trinervitermes trinervoides and Trinervitermes trinervius. Analysis of MALDI-TOF MS spectra profiles from termites revealed that all were of high quality, with intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity. Blind testing of the spectra of 389 termites against our updated database with the spectra of 43 specimens of different termite species revealed that all were correctly identified with log score values (LSVs) ranging from 1.65 to 2.851, mean 2.290 ± 0.225, median 2.299, and 98.4% (383) had LSVs > 1.8. This study is the first on the use of MALDI-TOF for termite identification and shows its importance as a tool for arthropod taxonomy and reinforces the idea that MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool in the field of entomology.