bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive persistence, spatial management, and conservation of metapopulations: An application to seagrass restoration
Authors: Aiken Christopher M. , Navarrete Sergio A. , Jackson Emma L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessing the conditions for persistence of spatially structured populations, especially those that are exploited by humans or threatened by global change, is of critical importance to inform management and conservation efforts. Observations for entire metapopulations are usually incomplete and rarely, if ever, sufficiently long to deduce population persistence from spatial patterns of abundance. Instead, insights based on metapopulation theory are often used for interpreting the demographic trajectories of real populations and for informing management decisions. The classical theoretical tool used to assess conditions for metapopulation persistence is the “invasibility criterion,” which characterizes the asymptotic, or long‐term, stability of a small colonizing population. Essentially, when the linear operator governing the metapopulation dynamics of an invasion event has a positive eigenvalue, recovery and resistance to extinction (resilience) are implied. The converse, however, is not necessarily the case—an invasion may grow over multiple generations, even when the eigenvalues indicate that extinction will eventually occur, a situation referred to here as “reactive persistence.” For the management, restoration, and conservation of real metapopulations subject to continual disturbance, this transient behavior is often more relevant than the asymptotic behavior over long time scales. We develop the theoretical tools for assessing reactive persistence, demonstrating how the conditions for asymptotic and reactive persistence differ in both the patch‐occupancy models suited to many terrestrial populations and those where local patch extinctions can be disregarded in the dynamics, often suited to marine species. After presenting the mathematical basis for generalizing the invasibility criterion to include reactive persistence, we illustrate how these concepts and tools can be applied in practice, using as a case study the population ecology and restoration of the seagrass Zostera muelleri (Irmisch ex Ascherson, 1867) in the Port of Gladstone in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Australia. It is shown how the analysis of the transient dynamics of the Z. muelleri metapopulation can be used to guide restoration efforts. Moreover, it is demonstrated that these reactive persistence concepts provide a more appropriate basis for site prioritization for restoration interventions than traditional stability analysis.
Risk and protective factors for new‐onset binge eating, low weight, and self‐harm symptoms in >35,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Davies Helena L. , Hübel Christopher , Herle Moritz , Kakar Saakshi , Mundy Jessica , Peel Alicia J. , ter Kuile Abigail R. , Zvrskovec Johan , Monssen Dina , Lim Kai Xiang , Davies Molly R. , Palmos Alish B. , Lin Yuhao , Kalsi Gursharan , Rogers Henry C. , Bristow Shannon , Glen Kiran , Malouf Chelsea Mika , Kelly Emily J. , Purves Kirstin L. , Young Katherine S. , Hotopf Matthew , Armour Cherie , McIntosh Andrew M. , Eley Thalia C. , Treasure Janet , Breen Gerome 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health, including increases in eating disorders and self‐harm symptoms. We investigated risk and protective factors for the new onset of these symptoms during the pandemic.MethodData were from the COVID‐19 Psychiatry and Neurological Genetics study and the Repeated Assessment of Mental health in Pandemics Study (n = 36,715). Exposures were socio‐demographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and COVID‐related variables, including SARS‐CoV‐2 infection/illness with COVID‐19. We identified four subsamples of participants without pre‐pandemic experience of our outcomes: binge eating (n = 24,211), low weight (n = 24,364), suicidal and/or self‐harm ideation (n = 18,040), and self‐harm (n = 29,948). Participants reported on our outcomes at frequent intervals (fortnightly to monthly). We fitted multiple logistic regression models to identify factors associated with the new onset of our outcomes.ResultsWithin each subsample, new onset was reported by: 21% for binge eating, 10.8% for low weight, 23.5% for suicidal and/or self‐harm ideation, and 3.5% for self‐harm. Shared risk factors included having a lifetime psychiatric disorder, not being in paid employment, higher pandemic worry scores, and being racially minoritized. Conversely, infection with SARS‐CoV‐2/illness with COVID‐19 was linked to lower odds of binge eating, low weight, and suicidal and/or self‐harm ideation.DiscussionOverall, we detected shared risk factors that may drive the comorbidity between eating disorders and self‐harm. Subgroups of individuals with these risk factors may require more frequent monitoring during future pandemics.Public SignificanceIn a sample of 35,000 UK residents, people who had a psychiatric disorder, identified as being part of a racially minoritized group, were not in paid employment, or were more worried about the pandemic were more likely to experience binge eating, low weight, suicidal and/or self‐harm ideation, and self‐harm for the first time during the pandemic. People with these risk factors may need particular attention during future pandemics to enable early identification of new psychiatric symptoms.
Tooth marker of ecological abnormality: The interpretation of stress in extinct mega herbivores (proboscideans) of the Siwaliks of Pakistan
Authors: Ameen Muhammad , Khan Abdul Majid , Ahmad Rana Manzoor , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Imran Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate affects living ecosystems and defines species physiology. Climate change causes certain stress on animals, recorded as Enamel Hypoplasia (EH). Proboscideans, the mega herbivores, were extensively represented in the Siwaliks of Pakistan between the Middle Miocene to Pleistocene (~15.99–~0.6 Ma). This study was carried out on15species from9genera and4families using319teeth from266individual quarries. Our results revealed that20.06% (64/319) ofteeth were infected by EH. Family Deinotheriidae faced higher stress during the terminal of the Middle Miocene(EH 25%). Dental characters of deinotheres indicated that this family preferred soft vegetation like C3plants and failed to survive in grassland ecology at the onset of the Late Miocene (~10–9 Ma). Gomphotheriidae(EH 21.05%)and Stegodontidae(EH 23.40%)survived through warm and dry climatic conditions of the Late Miocene, but could not survive the cool and dry climate of Plio‐Pleistocene where grasslands were abundant with less browsing activity. Family Elephantidae(EH 8.47%)was successful in drier conditions and utilized the exclusive C4diet in open grasslands as efficient grazers, indicated by their tooth morphology. Elephantids were dominant of the proboscideans in open grassland and drier climate during Plio‐Pleistocene in the Indian subcontinent. We assume that change in the Siwalik palaeoenvironment was governed by a microclimate.
Greenhouse gas emissions hotspots and drivers of urban freshwater bodies in areas of the Yangtze River delta, China
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Dong , Kumar Amit , Wang Hong‐Yan , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Chen Yuan‐Bo , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Lin Jun‐Jie , Han Lei , Yu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the modern era, urban freshwater bodies play a significant role in global carbon (C) budgeting, therefore, impacting climate change under rising global mean temperature. However, the trend, magnitude and drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in these urban freshwater bodies of China remain uncertain. This study investigated temporal changes in GHG emissions in urban water bodies, including artificial lakes, reservoirs, aquaculture ponds and rivers, within a year in Nanjing city in the areas of the Yangtze River delta of China. In addition, meteorological and hydrochemical parameters were measured to elucidate the key drivers of GHG emissions. The results showed that the average annual flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in aquaculture ponds was estimated to be 1355.6 mg CO2 m−2 day−1 and 116.6 mg CH4 m−2 day−1, followed by that of artificial lakes were 1172.2 mg CO2 m−2 day−1 and 44.1 mg CH4 m−2 day−1, rivers reached 775.9 mg CO2 m−2 day−1 and 23.9 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 and reservoirs were 170.1 mg CO2 m−2 day−1 and 7.2 mg CH4 m−2 day−1, respectively. The results further suggest that although artificial lakes and aquaculture ponds occupied only 23% of the cumulative area under lakes and ponds in the Yangtze River delta, contribute approximately 43%, about 27.5 Gg C, of total fluxes. Furthermore, high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and low dissolved oxygen (DO) coincided with the high GHG emissions. The study suggests that DO, DOC, temperature and wind speed are the key factors impacting the potential of GHG emissions in urban freshwater ecosystems. Strategic mitigation measures in the vicinity of the urban freshwater bodies could efficiently reduce carbon emissions in the future.
Functional thresholds alter the relationship of plant resistance and recovery to drought
Authors: Ingrisch Johannes , Umlauf Nikolaus , Bahn Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are crossed. Drought responses are composed of resistance and postdrought recovery. Although it is well established that higher drought intensity increases the impact and, thus, reduces plant resistance, less is known about how drought intensity affects recovery and how resistance and recovery are related. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that resistance, recovery, and their relationship change abruptly upon crossing critical thresholds of drought intensity. We exposed mesocosms of two monospecific stands of the common grassland species Dactylis glomerata and Plantago lanceolata to a large gradient of drought intensity and quantified the resistance and recovery of multiple measures of plant productivity, including gross‐primary productivity, vegetative height, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and aboveground biomass production. Drought intensity had nonlinear and contrasting effects on plant productivity during drought and recovery, which differed between the two species. Increasing drought intensity decreased the resistance of plant productivity and caused rapid compensatory growth during postdrought recovery, the degree of which was highly dependent on drought intensity. Across multiple response parameters two thresholds of drought intensity emerged, upon which we observed abrupt changes in plant resistance and recovery, as well as their relationship. We conclude that across gradients of drought intensity resistance and recovery are tightly coupled and that both the magnitude and the direction of drought effects on resistance and recovery can change abruptly upon specific thresholds of stress intensity. These findings highlight the urgent need to account for nonlinear responses of resistance and recovery to drought intensity as critical drivers of productivity in a changing climate.
State of the art and development trends in numerical simulation for real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Dong Xiaohui , Tang Zhenyun , Du Xiuli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReal‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a novel testing method that combines numerical simulation and physical testing to evaluate the dynamic performance of engineering structures in large specimens using existing experimental facilities, thus eliminating the scaled effect. In recent years, studies on RTHS have expanded beyond traditional engineering structures, such as wind turbines, automobiles, and ocean structures. Thus far, the dimensions of physical substructures in RTHS are still relatively small, limited by the accuracy of system control for physical systems and the real‐time calculation efficiency of numerical simulations. This study summarizes the achievements of real‐time numerical simulations for RTHS, including the dimensions of the physical specimen, strategy of numerical simulation, and integral algorithms of RTHS. Meanwhile, two theoretically feasible methods based on parallel computing and surrogate models are discussed, which may be the development trends needed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of numerical solutions in real‐time and enlarge the application scope of RTHS.
Oxidation of Cyclo‐Lino Peptides in Linseed Oils during Storage
Authors: Brühl Ludger , Bonte Anja , N'Diaye Katharina , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLinseed oil is appreciated for its high level of linolenic acid. In order to avoid oxidation, the precious storage lipids are protected in the seeds by lignans, tocopherols, and cyclo‐lino peptides. Oxidation of specific cyclo‐lino peptides can be attributed to the formation of a bitter off‐taste in cold pressed linseed oils. A complete degradation of tocopherols and of intact cyclo‐lino peptides CLO, ‐M, ‐N, ‐L, and ‐B to oxidized forms is observed with intermediate oxidation products of the peptides containing methionine oxidized to methionine sulfoxide and further to methionine sulfone during a storage period of 25 d at 60 °C in the dark and of 14 weeks at day light and room temperature. The peroxide value increases to 255 meq O2 kg−1 at the same time. However, during storage at room temperature in the dark only a very limited decrease of the initial tocopherols content of 400 mg/100 g is observed contrasted by an increase of the peroxide value to about 50 meq O2 kg−1 and a more or less complete degradation of cyclo‐lino peptides. While at 6 °C in the dark all oxidation parameters keep stable. The tocopherols and cyclo‐lino peptides show different and independent degradation during these storage conditions.Practical Application: This work elucidates the role of cyclo‐lino peptides and tocopherols in the complex reactions taking place during oxidation of linseed oil and enables a first evaluation of the antioxidative power of cyclo‐lino peptides at different storage conditions.
Life expectancy and human capital: New empirical evidence
Authors: Vu Trung V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper re‐examines a well‐established hypothesis postulating that life expectancy augments incentives for human capital accumulation, leading to global income differences. A major distinguishing feature of the current study is to estimate heterogeneous panel data models under a common factor framework, which explicitly accounts for parameter heterogeneity, unobserved common factors (UCFs), and variables' non‐stationarity. In sharp contrast to most previous studies, I find that the impact of health improvements on human capital accumulation turns out to be imprecisely estimated at conventionally accepted levels of statistical significance. I demonstrate that conventional estimates of the educational returns to rising longevity are derived from estimating misspecified models at least partially due to parameter heterogeneity and the presence of UCFs.
A study of patient‐reported pain during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy using local anesthesia alone compared with local anesthesia with intravenous midazolam coadministration at a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa
Authors: Alzanad Fatima , Feyaza Merga , Chapanduka Zivanai C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDuring the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB) procedure, patients report pain of widely variable intensity. There is limited literature on the factors associated with the pain. The use of local anesthesia (LA) only is still widespread although it does not abolish the pain. Midazolam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for conscious sedation. Our center introduced universal midazolam sedation unless there is a contraindication to its use, 4 years ago. This study assessed the impact of the universal use of intravenous midazolam for BMAB compared to use of LA only. The factors associated with the pain of BMAB, were analyzed.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed on adult patients who had a BMAB procedure from July 1, 2018 to March 30, 2019. A questionnaire incorporating a visual analog pain scale, was used for data collection.ResultsA total of 182 BMAB procedures were included in the study. Pain was reported in all procedures performed under LA and only in 29.1% of procedures performed with midazolam. Age, sex, race, level of education, body mass index (BMI), indication and diagnosis had no influence on pain. Patients who had previous BMAB experienced less pain. Experience of operator had a significant effect on pain. Midazolam dose showed a negative correlation with pain.ConclusionLA only is not enough to abolish pain of BMAB. Midazolam conscious sedation used with LA reduces pain to acceptable levels. Patients with previous experience of BMAB under midazolam premedication reported less pain. Furthermore, the experience of operator reduced the pain significantly.
Experimental analysis of evacuated tube solar air heater (ETSAH) with inbuilt sensible thermal energy storage
Authors: Agrawal Anshu , Kumar Amit , Parekh A. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present work, an evacuated tube solar air heater (ETSAH) with inbuilt sensible heat storage material (SHSM) is experimentally evaluated. The system comprises two sets each having 50 evacuated tubes with an H‐type arrangement and a total collector area of 16.92 m2. For the purpose of hot air generation, ETSAH is simultaneously connected in series and in parallel with and without the use of reflectors. Three different mass flow rates of 122.90, 164.87, and 212.83 kg/h were fixed to get 12 diverse cases of ETSAH operation. The highest hot air temperature reported by the system is 121.7°C when it was connected in series with conventional reflectors at 212.83 kg/h of flow rate and 469 W/m2 average solar intensity. The system reported an overall average energy efficiency of 49.76% and an exergy efficiency of 17.97% with the highest average hot air temperature difference of 56.12°C from 09:00 to 20:00 h. Without the incorporation of any additional SHSM, the average hot air temperature delivered by ETSAH (when under the neighbor building shadow) is 49.73°C logged from 17:00 to 20:00 h. The economic analysis is also carried out to ensure its practical application and feasibility. For the best system performance, the annual cost of hot air generation is 0.0194 Rs./kg (0.0002433 $/kg).
Therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with sepsis: Secondary analysis of a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Lai Xiaoyan , Ke Lu , Zhou Jing , Liu Man , Cao Longxiang , Fu Lingyan ,   For the Chinese Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group (CCCNTG)
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionSepsis is life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection‐related inflammatory response. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can remove inflammatory mediators and benefit patients in different disease settings. However, no solid evidence showed the efficacy and safety of TPE in sepsis.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Critically ill patients with sepsis were divided into two groups according to whether treated with TPE. The primary outcome was the delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score from days 1 to 7. Secondary outcomes included new‐onset organ failure, intensive care unit (ICU)‐free and alive days to day 28, and 28‐day mortality. Propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis was applied to control confounders. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression were used to assess the association between TPE and selected outcomes.ResultsAmong the 2772 critically ill patients enrolled in the trial, 742 patients with sepsis were selected and 22 patients received TPE were matched with 22 control patients. No significant difference was found in the delta SOFA score and 28‐day mortality between TPE group and control group. The ICU‐free and alive days in the TPE group were significantly shorter than the control group.ConclusionsTPE may be not associated with improvement of organ failure and mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis and may be associated with a prolonged ICU stay.
Investigations of interaction mechanism and conformational variation of serum albumin affected by artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin
Authors: Zhu Rukui , Liang Yu , Luo Huajian , Cao Huishan , Liu Yi , Huang Shan , Xiao Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, binding interactions of artemisinin (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated thoroughly to illustrate the conformational variation of serum albumin. Experimental results indicated that ART and DHA bound strongly with the site I of serum albumins via hydrogen bond (H‐bond) and van der Waals force and subsequently statically quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of serum albumins through concentration‐dependent manner. The quenching abilities of two drugs on the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA were much higher than the quenching abilities of two drugs on the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. Both ART and DHA, especially DHA, caused the conformational variation of serum albumins and reduced the α‐helix structure content of serum albumins. DHA with hydrophilic hydroxyl group bound with HSA more strongly, suggesting the important roles of the chemical polarity and the hydrophilicity during the binding interactions of two drugs with serum albumins. These results reveal the molecular understanding of binding interactions between ART derivatives and serum albumins, providing vital information for the future application of ART derivatives in biological and clinical areas.
Ventricular arrhythmia events in heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator for primary prevention
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Sonoda Yusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Nakasone Kazutaka , Yamamoto Kyoko , Suzuki Yuya , Tani Ken‐ichi , Iwai Hidehiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Shoda Mitsuhiko , Murakami Atsushi , Yonehara Shogo , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is uncertain whether cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D) provides better survival benefits than a CRT‐pacemaker (CRT‐P) in heart failure patients with a reduced ejection fraction (≦35%, HFrEF) treated with contemporary HF therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the ventricular arrhythmia (VAs; sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation) events in HFrEF patients who underwent CRT without a prior history of VAs or aborted sudden cardiac death before the CRT implantation. Between January/2010 and December/2020, a CRT device was implanted in 79 HFrEF patients (mean age: 69 ± 12 years, male: 57, ischemic cardiomyopathy: 16). CRT‐D and CRT‐P devices were implanted in 50 and 29 patients, respectively, at each physician's discretion. CRT‐Ds were indicated in younger patients than were CRT‐Ps (66 ± 12 vs. 73 ± 12 years, p = 0.03), but the gender distribution did not differ (female, 24% [12 of 50] vs. 35% [10 of 29], p = 0.44). The VA events during a median follow‐up of 3.5‐years (interquartile range [IQR]:1.6–5.5) and their predictors were analyzed.ResultsVA events occurred in 9 patients with CRT‐Ds (18%) and one with a CRT‐P (3%, p = 0.08). The VA event rate was significantly lower in patients without a prior non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT: ≥3 beats; rate, ≥120 bpm; lasting <30 s, HR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01–0.30; p < 0.01) and females (HR 0.11; 95% CI 0.01–0.93; p = 0.04). Of note, no female patients without a prior history of NSVT experienced VA events.ConclusionHFrEF CRT candidates without a prior history of NSVT and females may obtain less benefit from a primary preventive defibrillator indication.