bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative transfer in axisymmetric dust clouds
Authors: Efstathiou Andreas , Rowan-Robinson Michael 
Published: February 2022

Summary
In this paper we present a method of solution of the equation of radiative transfer for an axisymmetric distribution of dust around a central source. There is abundant observational evidence that points towards the existence of flattened density structures around a wide range of systems of astrophysical interest such as protostars, stars with circumstellar dust shells, reflection nebulae, active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies. Results obtained with spherically symmetric models are clearly inappropriate in these cases and earlier attempts to solve the axisymmetric problem adopt simplifying assumptions that do not allow realistic modelling. The programme we have developed integrates the equation of radiative transfer exactly in the sense that it does not neglect any terms in the equation and treats multiple anisotropic scattering. The emergent spectral energy and intensity distributions are obtained for different viewing angles for models with different density distributions and optical depths. The method applies to an arbitrary density distribution, but in this paper we are presenting models of clouds in which the thickness of the disc increases linearly with distance from the central source and the disc is symmetric about the equatorial plane. The density is assumed to decline with radius as r−2 and with a power-law dependence on azimuthal angle Θ.
We also present a model that gives an excellent fit to the spectrum of VY CMa, a late M supergiant which has long been thought to be surrounded by a circumstellar disc. The model predicts an unusual viewing angle, just inside the surface of the flared disc.
Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Tezcan Dilek , Onmaz Duygu Eryavuz , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Körez Muslu Kazım , Hakbilen Selda , Gülcemal Semral , Yılmaz Sema 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and aseptic polyserositis. Subclinical inflammation generates a hidden threat to the development of FMF complications such as amyloidosis in attack-free intervals. The kynurenine pathway (KP) has been considered an important player in inflammation and immune response. The study was aimed to measure serum levels of KP metabolites in patients with FMF in the attack-free period.MethodsA total of 161 participants were recruited from the rheumatology department in this single-centre, case–control study. Participants meeting the eligibility criteria were divided into healthy controls (n = 80) and FMF (n = 81). The laboratory data were obtained from the electronic registration database. Serum tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) concentrations were measured with tandem mass spectrometry. Laboratory findings of FMF patients and healthy controls subjects were compared and evaluated.ResultsSerum TRP and KYNA levels were significantly decreased in both FMF groups compared to the control group, while the levels of KYN, QUIN, 3HK, the KYN/TRP ratio, and red cell distribution width were higher.ConclusionTRP degradation by the KP is increased in patients with FMF. KP metabolites can be useful in demonstrating subclinical inflammation.
Board Invited Review: Crossbreeding beef × dairy cattle for the modern beef production system
Authors: Basiel Bailey L , Felix Tara L 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent trends in the United States dairy industry suggest that crossbred beef × dairy calves are replacing a proportion of the calf-fed Holstein steers slaughtered for beef each year. Economic pressures value preweaned beef × dairy calves at a premium over preweaned dairy bull calves; however, there is little modern data to support that intensively fed crossbred calves maintain their premium value over dairy steers across the supply chain. Data from international production systems and from historic research suggests that beef × dairy cattle had greater average daily gains and converted feed to gain more efficiently than dairy steers. Regarding carcass characteristics, across the literature crossbreds consistently yielded heavier carcasses that had lower proportions of trim than dairy steers. Fewer comparisons of beef × dairy and dairy steers exist in the literature for other economically relevant carcass characteristics such as ribeye area, backfat, marbling, tenderness, and eating quality. Existing published data are inconsistent among studies, highlighting the necessity for more research tailored to the United States beef production system
Eveningness intensifies the association between musculoskeletal pain and health-related quality of life: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study 1966
Authors: Heikkala Eveliina , Paananen Markus , Merikanto Ilona , Karppinen Jaro , Oura Petteri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
People with an evening (E)-type preference (ie, chronotype) experience musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) more often than morning (M) types. Musculoskeletal pain is a well-established contributor to reduced HRQoL. This study aimed to evaluate whether eveningness amplifies the association between MSK pain and HRQoL in contrast to morningness. Questionnaire data on MSK pain dimensions (intensity, disability at work, number of pain sites [NPSs], and frequency), chronotype, covariates (sex, sufficiency of sleep duration, mental distress, and presence of coexisting diseases), and HRQoL (measured by 15D) were collected among 46-year-old individuals belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 4257). Individuals without any MSK pain were excluded. General linear models were conducted to estimate the associations between chronotypes, MSK pain dimensions, and HRQoL. The interaction terms (chronotype × pain dimension) were tested in the models. There were 13% E-types and 43% M-types in the study sample. Each pain dimension and chronotype were related to HRQoL. In the sex-adjusted chronotype-specific models, the reduction in HRQoL in relation to pain appeared to be stronger among E-types than among M-types in respect to all pain dimensions. After adjustments, this was particularly seen in terms of NPS and pain frequency. Our findings suggest that eveningness intensifies the association between MSK pain and HRQoL, and, thus, they are indicative of E-types being more sensitive than M-types to the consequences of MSK pain. As such, MSK pain treatment and rehabilitation actions to improve HRQoL should be especially targeted at E-types.
Hyperoxia improves repeated-sprint ability and the associated training load in athletes
Authors: Cyr-Kirk Shannon , Billaut François 
Published: February 2022

1AbstractThis study investigated the impact of hyperoxic gas breathing (HYP) on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and on the associated training load (TL). Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes performed 6-s all-out sprints with 24-s recovery until exhaustion (power decrement ≥ 15% for two consecutive sprints) under normoxic (NOR: FIO2 0.21) and hyperoxic (HYP: FiO2 0.40) conditions in a randomized, single-blind and crossover design. The following variables were recorded throughout the tests: mechanical indices, arterial O2 saturation (SpO2), oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle with near-infrared spectroscopy, and electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles. Session TL (work x rate of perceived exertion) and neuromuscular efficiency (work/EMG) were calculated. Compared with NOR, HYP increased SpO2 (2.7 ± 0.8%, Cohen’s effect size ES 0.55), the number of sprints (14.5 ± 8.6%, ES 0.28), the total mechanical work (13.6 ± 6.8%, ES 0.30) and the session TL (19.4 ± 7.0%, ES 0.33). Concomitantly, HYP increased the amplitude of muscle oxygenation changes during sprints (25.2 ± 11.7%, ES 0.36) and recovery periods (26.1 ± 11.4%, ES 0.37), as well as muscle recruitment (9.9 ± 12.1%, ES 0.74) and neuromuscular efficiency (6.9 ± 9.0%, ES 0.24). We conclude that breathing a hyperoxic mixture enriched to 40% O2 improves the total work performed and the associated training load during an open-loop RSA session in trained athletes. This ergogenic impact may be mediated by metabolic and neuromuscular alterations.
AI-Generated Virtual Libraries Could Help Uncover RNA-Specific Regions of Chemical Space
Authors: Xu Ziqiao , Frank Aaron T. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTRNAs can recognize small-molecule ligands. However, the extent to which the molecules that they recognize differ from those recognized by proteins remains an open question. Cheminformatics analysis of experimentally validated RNA binders strongly suggests that RNA binders occupy a specific region of chemical space. However, less than 100 validated small molecule ligands are currently known. Here, we demonstrate how structure-based approaches could be used to navigate vast regions of the chemical space specific to ligand binding sites in five highly-structured RNAs. Our method involves using generative-AI to design target- and site-specific virtual libraries and then analyzing them using similar cheminformatics approaches as those used to assess experimentally validated RNA binders. Despite employing a completely orthogonal strategy, our results essentially reproduce the trends observed by analyzing the experimentally validated RNA binders. Large-scale generation of target and site-specific libraries may therefore prove to be helpful in simultaneously mapping the regions of chemical space unique to RNA and generating libraries that could be mined to identify novel RNA binders.TOC IMAGE
A chromosome-level phased Citrus sinensis genome facilitates understanding Huanglongbing tolerance mechanisms at the allelic level in an irradiation-induced mutant
Authors: Wu Bo , Yu Qibin , Deng Zhanao , Duan Yongping , Luo Feng , Gmitter Frederick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSweet orange (SWO) originated from introgressive hybridization of pummelo and mandarin resulting in a highly heterozygous genome. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level phased Valencia SWO (DVS) genome with ∼98.5% completeness, high accuracy (QV=50.6), and the highest annotation BUSCO completeness (99.2%) thus far in citrus. DVS harbors a high level of allelic variances and enables study of allelic somatic structural mutations and corresponding allelic expression alteration in two SWO mutants, one with high Huanglongbing tolerance (T19) and one more sensitive (T78). In T78, a large deletion on the pummelo-origin chr8 causes regional allelic expression absence. In T19, seven upregulated genes are located at one terminal of a translocated segment, including three genes related to heat shock protein (HSP) regulation. Furthermore, 68 of 133 HSPs are significantly upregulated in T19, which may be related to its enhanced HLB tolerance by preventing phloem necrosis. The DVS will advance allelic level studies in citrus.
Blocking Gi/o-coupled signaling eradicates cancer stem cells and sensitizes breast tumors to HER2-targeted therapies to inhibit tumor relapse
Authors: Lyu Cancan , Ye Yuanchao , Weigel Ronald J. , Chen Songhai 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors that are resistant to anti-tumor therapies, making them a likely origin of tumor relapse after treatment. In many cancers including breast cancer, CSC function is regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), making GPCR signaling an attractive target for new therapies designed to eradicate CSCs. Yet, CSCs overexpress multiple GPCRs that are redundant in maintaining CSC function, so it is unclear how to target all the various GPCRs to prevent relapse. Here, in a model of HER2+ breast cancer (i.e., transgenic MMTV-Neu mice), we were able to block tumorsphere- and tumor-forming capability of CSCs by targeting GPCRs coupled to Gi/o proteins (Gi/o-GPCRs). Similarly, in HER2+ breast cancer cells, blocking signaling downstream of Gi/o-GPCRs in the PI3K/AKT and Src pathways also enhanced HER2-targeted elimination of CSCs. In a proof-of-concept study, when CSCs were selectively ablated (via a suicide gene construct), loss of CSCs from HER2+ breast cancer cell populations mimicked the effect of targeting Gi/o-GPCR signaling, suppressing their capacity for tumor initiation and progression and enhancing HER2-targeted therapy. Thus, targeting Gi/o-GPCR signaling in HER2+ breast cancer is a promising approach for eradicating CSCs, enhancing HER2+ targeted therapy and blocking tumor reemergence.
Role of Covid vaccine in determining ICU admission and death due to Covid-19 in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Selvavinayagam T S , Parthipan K , Subramaniam Sudharshini , Somasundaram A , Sampath P , Kumar Vinay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic threatened the world in terms of its rapid spread, strain on health infrastructure and many people lost their lives due to COVID. Mass Vaccination of public against Covid-19 were done with the notion that it protects against the severe form of the disease and death due to Covid-19. Covid vaccination was rolled out in Tamil Nadu from 16th January 2021 in a phased manner. This study was done using secondary data to assess the role of COVID vaccination in preventing ICU admission and death due to Covid-19 in Tamil Nadu for the period of August – December 2021. Unvaccinated individuals contributed to a higher proportion of hospitalization (60.9%) and ICU admission (65.5%) among Covid-19 infected during this period. Similarly, among patients who died due to Covid-19, 75.5% were unvaccinated. Odds of ICU admission and death among unvaccinated was 2.01 and 3.19 - times higher compared to fully vaccinated individuals infected with Covid-19. Unvaccinated Covid-19 patients had 2.73- and 1.46- times increased odds of dying and ICU admission respectively, compared to partially vaccinated. Population Attributable Risk showed that receiving at least one dose of vaccine could have reduced the mortality among Covid patients by 54% and ICU admission by 23.3%. This article emphasizes the need for vaccination against Covid-19 to reduce ICU admission and death among those infected with Covid-19.
Sub-10 nm fluorescence imaging
Authors: Helmerich Dominic A. , Beliu Gerti , Taban Danush , Meub Mara , Streit Marcel , Kuhlemann Alexander , Doose Sören , Sauer Markus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvances in superresolution microscopy demonstrated single-molecule localization precisions of a few nanometers. However, translation of such high localization precisions into sub-10 nm spatial resolution in biological samples remains challenging. Here, we show that resonance energy transfer between fluorophores separated by less than 10 nm results in accelerated fluorescence blinking and consequently lower localization probabilities impeding sub-10 nm fluorescence imaging. We demonstrate that time-resolved fluorescence detection in combination with photoswitching fingerprint analysis can be used advantageously to determine the number and distance even of spatially unresolvable fluorophores in the sub-10 nm range. In combination with genetic code expansion (GCE) with unnatural amino acids and bioorthogonal click-labeling with small fluorophores photoswitching fingerprint analysis enables sub-10 nm resolution fluorescence imaging in cells.
Does the type of sales position matter? A multi-group analysis of inside vs outside sales
Authors: Matthews Lucy , Edmondson Diane 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the differences between inside and outside business-to-business salespeople. Although prior research has highlighted a need to compare these two distinct sales positions, limited research examines the two. Specifically, this study investigates differences between inside and outside salespeople for the following constructs: positivity, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
A Qualtrics panel of 210 business-to-business salespeople from a variety of US industries was used, with 43.8% classifying themselves as inside. Multi-group analysis using partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted where job type serves as the moderator for the entire model.

Findings
Results indicated four of six significant differences based on position. Specifically, positivity had a significant impact on emotional exhaustion for outside salespeople only. For extrinsic motivation, inside salespeople exhibited a stronger impact on emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the impact of emotional exhaustion on turnover intentions was stronger for outside salespeople. The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intentions was stronger for inside salespeople. These results are supported by social exchange theory and distraction conflict theory.

Practical implications
This research highlights that sales managers and organizations need to consider different policies based on position type to increase job satisfaction and reduce turnover intentions. Practical guidelines for effectively managing the two positions are provided.

Originality/value
The value of this paper is that it indicates that there are indeed significant differences between these two types of sales positions, and thus, future research should not combine them into a single sample.
Employee’s regulatory focus and intrapreneurship: modeling the mediating role of creative self-efficacy and thriving
Authors: Muavia Muhammad , Hussain Ghulam , Sahibzada Umar Farooq , Wan Ismail Wan Khairuzzaman 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This research aims to investigate the direct and indirect (via creative self-efficacy [CSE] and thriving) effects of regulatory focus (RF) on employee intrapreneurship (EI) in Pakistan’s small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
A time-lagged (six weeks apart) design is used to collect data through self-administered questionnaires. The researchers retrieved 492 usable responses from frontline employees working in SMEs.

Findings
The results showed the positive direct and indirect (via CSE and thriving) effects of promotion focus on EI. As expected, the results showed negative direct and indirect effects of prevention focus on intrapreneurship. The follow-up analysis revealed the mediating effect of CSE is stronger for the promotion focus and intrapreneurship, and the mediating effect of thriving is stronger for prevention focus and intrapreneurship.

Practical implications
This study reveals the importance of RF facets as important predictors of EI. The study highlights the importance of intrapreneurship in emerging economies, but expecting such behavior from every employee is a fallacy. Thus, decision-makers in organizations can nurture prevention-focused employees to engage in intrapreneurship.

Originality/value
This is a pioneer study to include RF (promotion focus and prevention focus) in an emerging country – Pakistan – to reveal its significance in EI. It establishes CSE and thriving as mediating mechanisms between RF and EI for the first time to offer new insights into theory and practice.
Determinants of on-demand ridesharing: the role of awareness of environmental consequences
Authors: Sajid Muhammed , Zakkariya K.A. , Peethambaran Meera , George Anoop 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe primary goal of this study is to determine the predictors of on-demand ridesharing intention in an emerging economy. For this purpose, the study uses the theoretical underpinnings of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachThe study surveyed 347 frequent users of ridesharing services using a set of pre-validated scales. The resulting data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM).FindingsThe results of SEM analysis disclosed that the significant factors contributing to ridesharing intention are awareness of environmental consequences, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and attitude (towards ridesharing).Practical implicationsThis empirical research provides statistically robust insights for developing marketing strategies that attract more individuals toward ridesharing services.Originality/valueThis research has remarkable significance as it is one of the pioneering studies that critically examine the determinants of ridesharing intention from a South Asian emerging economy. Further, the extended TPB framework proposed in this study explains 71.4% variance in ridesharing intention, which is significantly higher than existing studies, with none of them explaining more than 70% variance.
Concept maps and visualisation as a means of triangulation in management accounting and control research
Authors: Bruesch Antje , Quinn Martin 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Interpretive research in management accounting and control provides rich insights from empirically based studies, but it has been criticised for lacking generalisability and potential subjectivity. On the latter, triangulation is useful, and this paper aims to offer some insights on a triangulation technique thus far not commonly reported in management accounting/control research.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a study of the roles of management accountants in performance management systems, this paper offers some insights from empirical experiences on the use of concept maps as a tool to assist triangulation and improve understanding of complex empirical phenomena.

Findings
The concept maps as utilised revealed additional insights which were not recounted by interviewees during the normal interview time. This is a potentially important finding for consideration of future researchers.

Practical implications
In this paper, how concept maps were used is detailed, and it is hoped that future researchers will find their use beneficial in interview settings.

Originality/value
Thus far, concept maps seem under-utilised in management accounting and control research. This paper gives some initial insights on how they may be used in case study settings.