bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical update on equine grass sickness
Authors: Halliwell Lizzie , Carslake Harry 
Published: October 2022

Background: Equine grass sickness (EGS), also known as equine dysautonomia, is a commonly fatal disease of grazing horses. It has been reported predominantly in Northern Europe and South America, and the UK has the highest prevalence of the disease worldwide. It is a multisystemic neuropathy resulting in neuronal degeneration and loss, particularly from the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. The severity of clinical signs varies, but is proportional to the extent of neuronal damage. Due to the widespread and highly fatal nature of the disease, EGS has received much attention in the veterinary literature in recent years. Research has concentrated particularly on identifying the cause, improving antemortem diagnostic accuracy, prognostic indicators and the development and trial of a potential vaccine.Aim of the article: This article provides a clinical update on EGS, including recent advances in the identification of a causal agent, diagnostics, prognostic indicators and potential avenues for prophylaxis.
Leveraging ambulatory care pharmacist expertise in medication appeals to overcome access barriers: A descriptive report
Authors: Hvisdas Christopher , Goode Natalie , Lee Kevin , Kim Diane , Silvey Michael , Kasbekar Nishaminy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrescription prior authorization (PA) and prohibitive out‐of‐pocket costs are encountered across all specialties of care. These barriers are burdensome for prescribers and patients due to the multiple steps required to gain approval for payer reimbursement for medications.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to characterize clinical pharmacist impact on medication appeals and high cost resolution.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of medication access intervention data collected from January 1, 2021, through July 31, 2021, at an academic medical center where five clinical pharmacists are embedded across 11 specialty and family medicine clinics. Intervention data was documented for both specialty and nonspecialty prescriptions. The primary end point quantified and characterized interventions based on access issues, defined as insurance denial or high out‐of‐pocket cost. Additional end points included time to appeal determination, total time spent on appeal activities, the incidence of denials, duration of the interruption, and assistance dollars secured for cost‐related barriers.ResultsOver the 7‐mo period, there were 531 prescriptions identified for clinical pharmacist access intervention. Of the total interventions collected, 42% (n = 221) were appeals for insurance denials and 58% (n = 310) addressed high out‐of‐pocket cost. The approval rate of appeals was 94% (n = 208). The majority of appeals (89%) were submitted within 3 d. The median time to appeal determination was five calendar days. The estimated time spent on appeal activities by the clinical pharmacists was 6.8 work wk. There were 51 patients of therapy interruption. The total assistance dollars secured for high out‐of‐pocket costs reached an estimated $1 953 200 over the report period.ConclusionThis report characterizes an approach to effectively manage medication appeals and cost resolution through embedded clinical pharmacists. Leveraging embedded pharmacists' clinical knowledge and familiarity with payer processes in medication appeals achieved a 94% approval rate. The current payer process places a burden disproportionately on prescribers and patients, delaying or preventing medication access.
Diseased thyroid tissue classification inOCTimages using deep learning: Towards surgical decision support
Authors: Tampu Iulian Emil , Eklund Anders , Johansson Kenth , Gimm Oliver , Haj‐Hosseini Neda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntraoperative guidance tools for thyroid surgery based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) could aid distinguish between normal and diseased tissue. However, OCT images are difficult to interpret, thus, real‐time automatic analysis could support the clinical decision‐making. In this study, several deep learning models were investigated for thyroid disease classification on 2D and 3D OCT data obtained from ex vivo specimens of 22 patients undergoing surgery and diagnosed with several thyroid pathologies. Additionally, two open‐access datasets were used to evaluate the custom models. On the thyroid dataset, the best performance was achieved by the 3D vision transformer model with a Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.79 (accuracy = 0.90) for the normal‐versus‐abnormal classification. On the open‐access datasets, the custom models achieved the best performance (MCC > 0.88, accuracy > 0.96). Results obtained for the normal‐versus‐abnormal classification suggest OCT, complemented with deep learning‐based analysis, as a tool for real‐time automatic diseased tissue identification in thyroid surgery.
Effect of porosity on mechanical and biological properties of bioprinted scaffolds
Authors: Khajehmohammadi Mehran , Azizi Tafti Roohollah , Nikukar Habib 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTreatment of tissue defects commonly represents a major problem in clinics due to difficulties involving a shortage of donors, inappropriate sizes, abnormal shapes, and immunological rejection. While many scaffold parameters such as pore shape, porosity percentage, and pore connectivity could be adjusted to achieve desired mechanical and biological properties. These parameters are crucial scaffold parameters that can be accurately produced by 3D bioprinting technology based on the damaged tissue. In the present research, the effect of porosity percentage (40%, 50%, and 60%) and different pore shapes (square, star, and gyroid) on the mechanical (e.g., stiffness, compressive and tensile behavior) and biological (e.g., biodegradation, and cell viability) properties of porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds coated with gelatin have been investigated. Moreover, human foreskin fibroblast cells were cultured on the scaffolds in the in‐vitro procedures. MTT assay (4, 7, and 14 days) was utilized to determine the cytotoxicity of the porous scaffolds. It is revealed that the porous scaffolds produced by the bioprinter did not produce a cytotoxic effect. Among all the porous scaffolds, scaffolds with a pore size of about 500 μm and porosity of 50% showed the best cell proliferation compared to the controls after 14 days. The results demonstrated that the pore shape, porosity percentage, and pore connectivity have an important role in improving the mechanical and biological properties of porous scaffolds. These 3D bioprinted biodegradable scaffolds exhibit potential for future application as polymeric scaffolds in hard tissue engineering applications.
“It's the Environment, Not Me”: Experiences shared by transgender and gender diverse adults living in Texas
Authors: Clary Kelly , Goffnett Jacob , King Marley , Hubbard Taylor , Kitchen Rylee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransgender and gender diverse people (TGD) experience elevated rates of behavioral health problems, including depression, anxiety, substance misuse, and suicidality. Minority stressors (e.g., discrimination and victimization) contribute to these poor health outcomes. A salient form of discrimination is the use of gender nonaffirming language, such as using incorrect pronouns or names, yet less is known about other environmental stimuli that may be reined as affirming or nonaffirming. A recent study uncovered the impact symbols (e.g., flags, stickers) may have on invoking positive or negative feelings among TGD youth in the Midwest. Our study further investigates this phenomenon with TGD adults in Texas. During Summer 2021, 3 researchers conducted audio‐recorded semistructured focus groups and interviews with 11 participants who identified as transgender, gender nonconforming, or nonbinary. Interview topics included gender‐affirming and nonaffirming language, positive and negative experiences, nonsupportive and supportive symbolism, and coping mechanisms. In this manuscript, we present findings regarding symbolism. Within our two primary themes, supportive and nonsupportive symbolism, subthemes emerged. Supportive symbolism includes flags and signage, written and oral language and communication, and representation of diversity. Nonsupportive symbolism includes extreme patriotism and religious symbols and highly gendered settings. Further, Texas‐specific culture and a meter of safety were identified as being related to interacting with and observing an array of symbols. Symbolism can have a profound impact on someone's identity development, expression, emotions, coping mechanisms, and access to and engagement with social environments, exemplifying the importance of understanding geographic and cultural‐specific mechanisms within environments TGD people occupy.
Efficient energy recovery from wastewater with high rate activated sludge process: oversights and misguidances
Authors: Orhon Derin , Çokgör Emine Ubay , Sözen Seval 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe major aim of the study was to define a scientific framework to evaluate energy recovery from domestic wastewater, based on model assessment of process stoichiometry and kinetics using relevant experimental data. The evaluation was tailored to reveal and explain all the oversights and misconceptions on the subject. A new approach was adopted to focus specifically on a paper by Liang et al. (2022) to better visualize and indicate scientific ways to remedy the key misguidances. The alternative appraisal utilized the latest available support in terms of the database for chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation and process kinetics.ResultsThe evaluation first demonstrated the inherent deficiencies of high rate activated sludge (HRAS) configurations such as the sequencing batch reactor and contact stabilization; then, it presented a new way to define excess sludge components in terms of fractions of the influent COD, indicating the major handicap for energy recovery and biomass loss in the effluent due to gravity settling. Effective energy conservation was computed to remain between 17% and 37% when the sludge age was reduced from 2.0 d down to 0.5 d.ConclusionsThe study offered conclusive proof that the contact stabilization process with gravity settling was, in fact, inherently unsuitable for energy conservation. Instead, the emerging scientific approach proposed a single‐volume HRAS system with membrane filtration replacing gravity settling. An equally valid suggestion was to replace anaerobic technology for energy recovery with thermochemical technologies, such as high‐rate pyrolysis, with a much higher energy recovery potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mitotic effects of copper oxide nanoparticle on root development and root tip cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds
Authors: Tasar Neslihan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) is used widely in many fields in nanotechnology. For this reason, both production, use, and release to the environment are increasing with each passing day. With the increased use of products that contain nanoparticles (NP) (<100 nm), plants and organisms that constitute the food chain are at risk. In the present study, Phaseolus vulgaris L., a very common food plant, was exposed to metal‐based CuO NPs. The anomalies that were caused by CuO NP in germination and mitosis of P. vulgaris were investigated. In the trials, a total of 4 groups (Control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm) were formed and examined in three replications. The determination of the accumulation and elimination rate because of NPs in P. vulgaris that was used in the study was made through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mapping image, and EDX characteristic spectrum analysis. Also, the mitotic effects on germination, root development, and root tip cells of seeds that were grown by treatment with control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm concentrations were investigated. The study was conducted in three replications in a laboratory setting. All concentrations of CuO NPs caused significant decreases in the mitotic index in the root tip cells of P. vulgaris when compared to the control. The mitotic index reached the lowest level, especially at the highest concentration. Multiple analyzes in the study showed that CuO NPs cause abnormalities in cell division such as C‐metaphase, distorted metaphase, distorted anaphase and telophase, chromosome breakage, asynchronous division, advanced chromosomes, micronucleus, and loss of genetic material. These findings also support that the Cytogenetic Test of P. vulgaris can be used to evaluate the genotoxicity of new nanomaterials that are used in many consumer products. In this respect, NPs that are taken up by the organisms in the food chain may pose a danger to higher consumer organisms when they accumulate in the tissue. A control mechanism must be established for the use and contamination of these particles and wider studies must be conducted regarding their effects.Highlights
The effects of CuO nanoparticle, which has a very wide usage area, on root development and mitosis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant were investigated in the study.
The abnormalities of mitotic division on interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase were visualized.
Evaluation was made considering scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results as well.
Spanning trees in graphs of high minimum degree with a universal vertex I: An asymptotic result
Authors: Reed Bruce , Stein Maya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper and a companion paper, we prove that, if is sufficiently large, every graph on vertices that has a universal vertex and minimum degree at least contains each tree with edges as a subgraph. Our result confirms, for large , an important special case of a recent conjecture by Havet, Reed, Stein and Wood. The present paper already contains an approximate version of the result.
Hamiltonicity of graphs perturbed by a random geometric graph
Authors: Espuny Díaz Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study Hamiltonicity in graphs obtained as the union of a deterministic ‐vertex graph with linear degrees and a ‐dimensional random geometric graph , for any . We obtain an asymptotically optimal bound on the minimum for which a.a.s. is Hamiltonian. Our proof provides a linear time algorithm to find a Hamilton cycle in such graphs.
Versatile imidazole synthesis via multicomponent reaction approach
Authors: Chaudhary Benu , Singla Deepak , Arya Preeti , Dabra Abhishek , Kumar Parveen , Afzal Obaid , Altamimi Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz , Alzarea Sami I. , Kazmi Imran , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. , Gupta Gaurav , Gupta Madan Mohan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemists found Imidazole as a multipurpose nucleus, primarily notable for its biological role in drug discovery. This compilation of the reports gives information regarding the development and the previous background of the synthesis of the nucleus. However, the synthesis through multicomponent is taken to narrow the report. The importance of the multicomponent reactions with many nucleus has been part of the heavy literature; however, the synthesis of the bioactive scaffold as imidazole has been highlighted here with the essential points. The emphasis of the review is to show the multicomponent approach where the multicomponent reaction plays a vital role in the formation of the ring. The MCR approaches align with modern‐day drug discovery, where the library of the molecules is needed for drug development within a limited time frame. The multicomponent also comes under the green chemistry, where the reaction time and fewer reactions step plays a crucial role.
Drawing conclusions: Instructing witnesses to draw what happened to them
Authors: Derksen Daniel G. , Connolly Deborah A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe reviewed the child and the adult literature on the impact of witnesses drawing what happened on the number of details recalled and the accuracy of the reported details. Most experiments reported a beneficial effect of drawing what happened (or drawing the scene) on the number of details reported primarily in free recall and sometimes also in cued recall. The consensus across studies was that drawing protocols did not negatively impact the accuracy of reported details (when accuracy was attainable) unless suggestive details were drawn. These results were largely consistent regardless of interviewer expertise or protocol used. Draw‐and‐tell instructions should be considered by forensic investigators for the following reasons: (1) the beneficial effect on number of details recalled with no detriment to accuracy, (2) the added benefit for children who need additional interviewer support, and (3) the ease at which the instruction can be implemented with minimal expertise or training. However, more ecologically valid research is needed to establish the efficacy of drawing (1) in forensic interviews, (2) in the presence of misinformation, (3) across instances of repeated event memory, and (4) across sequential interviews.
Efficacy of an accelerated vaccination schedule against hepatitis E virus infection in pregnant rabbits
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Zhaogeng , Dai Cong , He Qiyu , Liang Zhaochao , Liu Tianxu , Huang Weijin , Wang Youchun , Wang Lin , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn important goal of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine is to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by different HEV genotypes during pregnancy, but studies directly evaluating maternal vaccination for HEV are lacking. Here we report maternal vaccination using HEV 239 vaccine in a pregnant rabbit model. Two dose of accelerated vaccination schedule (0, 7 days) induced high titers of anti‐HEV protective antibodies in a short period of time in pregnant rabbits, which could protect the pregnant rabbits from HEV infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, the immunized rabbits transfer maternal antibodies to pups through the placenta and breast milk, which protect neonates against HEV infection. Our results suggest that, besides vaccinating nonpregnant individuals, HEV 239 vaccine may also be discreetly considered for maternal vaccination.
Modeling of indoor network channels with dispersive media based on a modifiedCFDTDmethod
Authors: Shi Wen , Wang Jian , Zhang Yan‐Jun , Zhai Meng Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to investigate the electromagnetic (EM) propagation characteristics and further get the channel models for indoor environments, a modified conformal finite‐difference time‐domain (CFDTD) method is introduced in this paper. Specifically, the dispersion characteristics of media are modeled by using the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) technique of the Debye model, and the EM field iterative equation is obtained by weighted‐length of various media in the conformal cells for the curved structure. The proposed method is used to simulate the channels of 2.4 GHz wireless fidelity (Wi‐Fi) network and 5G microcellular network, respectively, for the single‐ and complex multi‐room scenarios. The impulse response, power delay profile and path loss exponent are extracted from the simulation data to analyze the effective ultra‐wideband (UWB) channel characteristics. Compared with the traditional FDTD, the proposed method has the advantage of obtaining a stable and good accuracy solution and reducing the time step without the need to solve high‐order differential equations.
Interleukin‐6 neutralization and regulatory T cells are additive in chondroprotection from IL‐1β‐induced inflammation
Authors: Keller Laura E. , Tait Wojno Elia D. , Begum Laila , Fortier Lisa A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnti‐inflammatory Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in the joints of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) compared to healthy joints. Tregs maintain homeostasis through secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and cell‐to‐cell interactions including immune checkpoint signaling. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by inflamed synoviocytes and chondrocytes that can inhibit or alter Treg function. This study tested the hypothesis that neutralization of IL‐6 would enable Treg anti‐inflammatory function to resolve inflammation and catabolism elicited by IL‐1β in an equine chondrocyte/synoviocyte/Treg tri‐culture OA model. Synoviocyte/chondrocyte co‐cultures were stimulated with IL‐1β, and treated with αIL‐6 neutralizing antibody. Activated Tregs secreting IL‐10 were added in direct contact with synoviocytes to create a tri‐culture. Neutralization of IL‐6 partially restored Treg anti‐inflammatory functions and, in combination, reduced IL‐1β‐stimulated synoviocyte MMP13 expression to control levels and restored Acan expression in chondrocytes. IL‐6 neutralization alone decreased Il6 expression in chondrocytes and synoviocytes, mitigating IL‐6 positive feedback loop. Although Tregs were the primary producers of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 and IL‐4, they also produced pro‐inflammatory IL‐17A, as detected by ELIA, which may have been responsible for incomplete rescue of synoviocyte/chondrocyte homeostasis following IL‐1β stimulation. Treg secretion of IL‐10, IL‐4, and IL‐17A was not altered by tri‐culture conditions or presence of αIL‐6, therefore, it was unlikely that Treg phenotype instability occurred. The significant effect of chondrocyte/synoviocyte donor, but not Treg donor, on gene expression and IL‐6 concentration in conditioned media, indicated that personalized therapy considering the patient's OA status might be needed for successful implementation of immunotherapy in the context of OA.
Directing iPSC differentiation into iTenocytes using combined scleraxis overexpression and cyclic loading
Authors: Papalamprou Angela , Yu Victoria , Chen Angel , Stefanovic Tina , Kaneda Giselle , Salehi Khosrowdad , Castaneda Chloe M. , Gertych Arkadiusz , Glaeser Juliane D. , Sheyn Dmitriy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegenerative therapies for tendon are falling behind other tissues due to the lack of an appropriate and potent cell therapeutic candidate. This study aimed to induce tenogenesis using stable Scleraxis (Scx) overexpression in combination with uniaxial mechanical stretch of iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stromal‐like cells (iMSCs). Scx is the single direct molecular regulator of tendon differentiation known to date. Bone marrow–derived (BM‐)MSCs were used as reference. Scx overexpression alone resulted in significantly higher upregulation of tenogenic markers in iMSCs compared to BM‐MSCs. Mechanoregulation is known to be a central element guiding tendon development and healing. Mechanical stimulation combined with Scx overexpression resulted in morphometric and cytoskeleton‐related changes, upregulation of early and late tendon markers, and increased extracellular matrix deposition and alignment, and tenomodulin perinuclear localization in iMSCs. Our findings suggest that these cells can be differentiated into tenocytes and might be a better candidate for tendon cell therapy applications than BM‐MSCs.