bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking and measuring plumes from sailing ships using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Zhou Fan , Zhu Letian , Zou Jing , Bai Xiangen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMeasuring sailing ship plumes provides comprehensive and real‐time emission data. However, accurately tracking and measuring ship plumes still requires research. This study describes a tracking and measurement method of ship plumes using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A UAV ship exhaust measurement system and monitoring process were developed. Data from an automatic identification system (AIS) was used to improve the Gaussian plume diffusion model to facilitate the initial location of the plume on sailing ships. Based on the real‐time gas measurement values obtained by the UAV, the UAV flight method was optimized to accurately track and measure the ship's plume. The Pudong Maritime Safety Administration used this system in 2019 to effectively monitor the plumes of 27 sailing ships as part of maritime law enforcement. Consequently, four cases of excessive fuel sulphur content (FSC) were detected in situ for the first time, indicating that China's maritime authorities can use the technology to supervise and control the FSC of sailing ships.
Secure authentication scheme in 6G‐enabled mobile Internet of things for online English education
Authors: Yin Jiming , Cui Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the mobile Internet of Things (MIoT) for online English education has quickly become an important means and main tool for people to learn and communicate English due it has characteristics and advantages such as high efficiency and no geographical restrictions. However, most MIoT for online English education is vulnerable to security attacks because of the online learning device's weak security protection measures and their communication channels with open wireless nature. To address these issues, herein, a novel secure authentication scheme in 6G‐enabled MIoT for online English education is proposed. The proposed authentication scheme does not rely on the ideal tamper‐proof device. In this scheme, the certificate and key are updated in real‐time to resist side‐channel attacks, and pseudonym seeds are used to generate pseudonyms to hide user's identity information and realise identity privacy protection. The scheme allows the attacker to continuously obtain private key information. Detailed security analysis proves that the authors’ scheme is unforgeable to adaptive selection message attacks and can satisfy the security requirements of 6G‐enabled MIoT for online English education. In addition, compared with other related studies, the proposed scheme achieves better performance in terms of computation and communication costs.
Enabling low‐latency service function chains by merging duplicate match operations
Authors: Zhang Dong , Guo Kaiwei , Chen Xiang , Liu Xuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractService function chains (SFCs) built by network functions (NFs) are usually required to be low‐latency, especially in some tight latency scenarios such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) defense. However, different NFs in SFCs are likely to perform identical operations of matching specific packet header fields (e.g., source IP address). Such a processing redundancy inevitably increases the overall end‐to‐end processing latency of SFCs, which in turn affects network management applications in their decision‐making process of handling short‐lived network events (e.g., microbursts). To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel NFV framework, DMO, that aims to eliminate those identical and redundant match operations among different NFs in input SFCs while maintaining the original SFC semantics of packet processing. To achieve this goal, our design proposes a semantic‐preserving mechanism that merges duplicate match operations between different NFs and also preserves original SFC semantics. Also, to avoid potential conflicts among NF rules at runtime, DMO further offers another mechanism that resolves unnecessary conflicts among different NF rules by assigning reasonable priorities to these rules. We have implemented a prototype of DMO. Our experiments indicate that DMO achieves 26.7%–67.3% latency reduction for real‐world SFCs.
Synthetic Next Generation Very Large Array line observations of a massive star-forming cloud
Authors: Juvela M. , Mannfors E. , Liu T. , Tóth L. V. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Studies of the interstellar medium and the pre-stellar cloud evolution require spectral line observations that have a high sensitivity and high angular and velocity resolution. Regions of high-mass star formation are particularly challenging because of line-of-sight confusion, inhomogeneous physical conditions, and potentially very high optical depths.
Aims. We wish to quantify to what accuracy the physical conditions within a massive star-forming cloud can be determined from observations. We are particularly interested in the possibilities offered by the Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) interferometer.
Methods. We used data from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of star formation in a high-density environment. We concentrated on the study of a filamentary structure that has physical properties similar to a small infrared-dark cloud. We produced synthetic observations for spectral lines observable with the ngVLA and analysed these to measure column density, gas temperature, and kinematics. Results were compared to ideal line observations and the actual 3D model.
Results. For a nominal cloud distance of 4kpc, ngVLA provides a resolution of ~0.01 pc even in its most compact configuration. For abundant molecules, such as HCO+, NH3, N2H+, and CO isotopomers, cloud kinematics and structure can be mapped down to subarcsecond scales in just a few hours. For NH3, a reliable column density map could be obtained for the entire 15″ × 40″ cloud, even without the help of additional single-dish data, and kinetic temperatures are recovered to a precision of ~1 K. At higher frequencies, the loss of large-scale emission becomes noticeable. The line observations are seen to accurately trace the cloud kinematics, except for the largest scales, where some artefacts appear due to the filtering of low spatial frequencies. The line-of-sight confusion complicates the interpretation of the kinematics, and the usefulness of collapse indicators based on the expected blue asymmetry of optically thick lines is limited.
Conclusions. The ngVLA will be able to provide accurate data on the small-scale structure and the physical and chemical state of star-forming clouds, even in high-mass star-forming regions at kiloparsec distances. Complementary single-dish data are still essential for estimates of the total column density and the large-scale kinematics.
Influence of the drag force on the leading edge of a coronal mass ejection
Authors: Sudar D. , Vršnak B. , Dumbović M. , Temmer M. , Čalogović J. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The drag based model (DBM) is frequently used to analyse the kinematics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space. The DBM incorporates a 2D solution with the leading edge of the CME.
Aims. Certain aspects of the evolution of the CME leading edge in the DBM have not been fully and accurately described previously. The main goal of this paper is to clarify these issues.
Methods. We analysed the behaviour of the leading edge according to the DBM equations by studying the dependence of the radial distance of each segment of the leading edge on the angular coordinate, ϕ, and observed the limits as time goes to infinity. We also analysed the behaviour of the velocity profile, v(ϕ).
Results. We showed that for isotropic solar wind conditions, the distance between the apex and the flank is a monotonically increasing function of time that converges at infinity to a constant value. The leading edge never becomes fully circular. The analysis of the v(ϕ) profile shows that the speed of all CME leading-edge segments converges towards the solar wind speed, w, but the speed of the CME flank never exceeds that of the apex.
Conclusions. The drag force alone cannot flatten the leading edge of a CME in isotropic solar wind conditions. This also holds for any model that uses the drag as a description of the CME kinematics if the typical initial assumption that the flank is slower and farther behind than the apex is used. On the other hand, non-isotropic solar wind conditions can change this conclusion and even introduce a deformation of the leading edge. A similar effect can be obtained with temporal variations in solar wind conditions along the path of the CME, or by introducing other forces.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Arhinia
Authors: Zemtsov Gregory E. , Swartz Anthony E. , Kuller Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArhinia is a rare congenital anomaly that is not typically associated with known genetic mutations and is usually discovered after an affected infant is born. Prenatal diagnosis is important because neonates with arhinia often require specialized respiratory support with creation of an artificial airway. We present a case of isolated arhinia diagnosed on second-trimester ultrasound. A patient presented for routine ultrasound at 18 weeks gestation, and nasal tissues were absent in an otherwise morphologically normal appearing fetus. Cell free fetal DNA was unremarkable. The patient elected to undergo termination of pregnancy by dilation and evacuation. Subsequent genetic analysis confirmed a normal fetal karyotype and microarray, and no examination of fetal structural anatomy was possible. Antenatal diagnosis of arhinia is important to guide maternal–fetal care decisions and requires methodical sonographic evaluation to identify this malformation prior to delivery.
Controversial border and territory issues between the Mac dynasty (Dai Viet) and Ming dynasty (China)
Authors: Thi My Hanh Nguyen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn 1527–1541, the Mac dynasty was at risk of invasion from its northern neighbor in China and had to fight consecutively with the Revival Le dynasty in Dai Viet. Therefore, in relations with China, the Mac dynasty during this period tried to maintain peaceful relations and avoid war between the two sides. Owing to the return of several former Chinese lands to China during this period, many people, especially historians of medieval Vietnam, have condemned the humility of the Mac dynasty, especially the humility of border and territorial issues, and said that it was the surrender and betrayal of their national interests. However, based on specific evidence from both Vietnamese and Chinese sides, the current article proves that the modesty of the Mac dynasty was only a formality and strategic ploy; in essence, the Mac dynasty was independent in relation to China at that time.
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-pandemic era
Authors: Zhao Wenwu , Yin Caichun , Hua Ting , Meadows Michael E. , Li Yan , Liu Yanxu , Cherubini Francesco , Pereira Paulo , Fu Bojie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose substantial challenges to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Exploring systematic SDG strategies is urgently needed to aid recovery from the pandemic and reinvigorate global SDG actions. Based on available data and comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper highlights ongoing challenges facing the SDGs, identifies the effects of COVID-19 on SDG progress, and proposes a systematic framework for promoting the achievement of SDGs in the post-pandemic era. Progress towards attaining the SDGs was already lagging behind even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inequitable distribution of food–energy–water resources and environmental crises clearly threaten SDG implementation. Evidently, there are gaps between the vision for SDG realization and actual capacity that constrain national efforts. The turbulent geopolitical environment, spatial inequities, and trade-offs limit the effectiveness of SDG implementation. The global public health crisis and socio-economic downturn under COVID-19 have further impeded progress toward attaining the SDGs. Not only has the pandemic delayed SDG advancement in general, but it has also amplified spatial imbalances in achieving progress, undermined connectivity, and accentuated anti-globalization sentiment under lockdowns and geopolitical conflicts. Nevertheless, positive developments in technology and improvement in environmental conditions have also occurred. In reflecting on the overall situation globally, it is recommended that post-pandemic SDG actions adopt a “Classification–Coordination–Collaboration” framework. Classification facilitates both identification of the current development status and the urgency of SDG achievement aligned with national conditions. Coordination promotes domestic/international and inter-departmental synergy for short-term recovery as well as long-term development. Cooperation is key to strengthening economic exchanges, promoting technological innovation, and building a global culture of sustainable development that is essential if the endeavor of achieving the SDGs is to be successful. Systematic actions are urgently needed to get the SDG process back on track.
The Contribution of Chronic Conditions to Hospitalization, Skilled Nursing Facility Admission, and Death: Variation by Race
Authors: Quiñones Ana R , McAvay Gail J , Peak Katherine D , Vander Wyk Brent , Allore Heather G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) is a common and important marker of aging. To better understand racial differences in multimorbidity burden and associations with important health-related outcomes, we assessed differences in the contribution of chronic conditions to hospitalization, skilled nursing facility admission, and mortality among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White older adults in the United States. We used data from a nationally representative study, the National Health and Aging Trends Study, linked to Medicare claims from 2011–2015 (n = 4,871 respondents). This analysis improved upon prior research by identifying the absolute contributions of chronic conditions using a longitudinal extension of the average attributable fraction for Black and White Medicare beneficiaries. We found that cardiovascular conditions were the greatest contributors to outcomes among White respondents, while the greatest contributor to outcomes for Black respondents was renal morbidity. This study provides important insights into racial differences in the contributions of chronic conditions to costly health-care utilization and mortality, and it prompts policy-makers to champion delivery reforms that will expand access to preventive and ongoing care for diverse Medicare beneficiaries.
Assays Specific for BNP1-32 and NT-proBNP Exhibit a Similar Performance to Two Widely Used Assays in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure
Authors: Lewis Lynley K , Raudsepp Sara D , Whitlow Joanna C , Appleby Sarah , Pemberton Christopher J , Yandle Timothy G , Mark Richards A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Secretion of cardioprotective B-type natriuretic peptide 1–32 (BNP1-32) is increased proportionately with cardiac dysfunction, but its measurement in plasma is difficult. Therefore, less specific BNP and amino-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) assays that detect the precursor molecule proBNP alongside BNP or NT-proBNP metabolites were developed to reflect BNP1-32 secretion and are now mandated in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF). We compared the diagnostic performance of 2 widely used clinical assays: the Roche proBNPII assay, and Abbott BNP assay, against our recently developed in-house assays that measure either intact BNP1-32 or NT-proBNP.

Methods
EDTA plasma samples obtained from patients presenting with breathlessness (n = 195, 60 [31%] with clinically adjudicated HF) were assayed using the Roche NT-proBNP and our specific in-house BNP1-32 and NTBNP assays. A subset (n = 75) were also assessed with the Abbott BNP assay.

Results
Roche NT-proBNP was highly correlated with BNP1-32 and NTBNP (Spearman rho = 0.92 and 0.90, respectively, both Ps &lt; 0.001), and all 3 assays similarly discriminated acute HF from other causes of breathlessness (ROC analysis areas under the curve 0.85–0.89). The Abbott BNP assay performed similarly to the other assays. Roche NT-proBNP and BNP1-32 assays had similar sensitivity (83% and 80%), specificity (83% and 84%), positive (70% and 71%) and negative (91% and 90%) predictive values, and accuracy (both 83%) at their optimal cutoffs of 1536 and 12 ng/L, respectively.

Conclusions
Since all assays exhibited similar performance in the diagnosis of HF, currently mandated assays provide a reliable proxy for circulating concentrations of active BNP1-32 in HF diagnosis.
Drivers and barriers for secure hardware adoption across ecosystem stakeholders
Authors: Tomlinson Andrew , Parkin Simon , Shaikh Siraj Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The decisions involved in choosing technology components for systems are poorly understood. This is especially so where the choices pertain to system security and countering the threat of cybersecurity attack. Although common in some commercial products, secure hardware chips provide security functions such as authentication, secure execution and integrity validation on system start, and are increasingly deemed to have a role in devices across sectors, such as IoT devices, autonomous vehicle systems and critical infrastructure components. To understand the decisions and opinions regarding the adoption of secure hardware, we conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with senior decision-makers from companies spanning a range of sectors, sizes and supply-chain roles. Our results consider the business propositional drivers, barriers and economic factors that influence the adoption decisions. Understanding these would help those seeking to influence the adoption process, whether as a business decision, or as a trade or national strategy.
NetREx: Network-based Rice Expression Analysis Server for abiotic stress conditions
Authors: Sircar Sanchari , Musaddi Mayank , Parekh Nita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent focus on transcriptomic studies in food crops like rice, wheat and maize provide new opportunities to address issues related to agriculture and climate change. Re-analysis of such data available in public domain supplemented with annotations across molecular hierarchy can be of immense help to the plant research community, particularly co-expression networks representing transcriptionally coordinated genes that are often part of the same biological process. With this objective, we have developed NetREx, a Network-based Rice Expression Analysis Server, that hosts ranked co-expression networks of Oryza sativa using publicly available messenger RNA sequencing data across uniform experimental conditions. It provides a range of interactable data viewers and modules for analysing user-queried genes across different stress conditions (drought, flood, cold and osmosis) and hormonal treatments (abscisic and jasmonic acid) and tissues (root and shoot). Subnetworks of user-defined genes can be queried in pre-constructed tissue-specific networks, allowing users to view the fold change, module memberships, gene annotations and analysis of their neighbourhood genes and associated pathways. The web server also allows querying of orthologous genes from Arabidopsis, wheat, maize, barley and sorghum. Here, we demonstrate that NetREx can be used to identify novel candidate genes and tissue-specific interactions under stress conditions and can aid in the analysis and understanding of complex phenotypes linked to stress response in rice.
Database URL: https://bioinf.iiit.ac.in/netrex/index.html
Anger frequency and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Authors: Titova Olga E , Baron John A , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAnger may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but previous findings are inconclusive and large prospective studies are needed. We investigated whether frequency of strong anger is associated with the incidence of specific CVDs and CVD mortality, and if sex, age, and cardiometabolic risk factors modify these associations.Methods and resultsWe used data from a population-based cohort of 47 077 Swedish adults (56–94 years of age) who completed questionnaires regarding their experience of anger, lifestyle habits, and health characteristics. Participants were followed for incident cardiovascular outcomes and death up to 9 years through linkage to the Swedish National Patient and Death Registers. Hazard ratios and confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders were assessed.In multivariable analyses, frequent episodes of strong anger were associated with an increased risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CVD mortality [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) = 1.19 (1.04–1.37), 1.16 (1.06–1.28), and 1.23 (1.09–1.40), respectively]. The link between anger frequency and heart failure was more pronounced in men and participants with a history of diabetes. No evidence of an independent association of anger frequency with risk of myocardial infarction, aortic valve stenosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm was found.ConclusionOur findings indicate that anger may contribute to the development of specific CVDs and CVD mortality, especially heart failure in men and in those with diabetes.
Patient motivation and adherence to an on-demand app-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring for atrial fibrillation management: data from the TeleCheck-AF project
Authors: Gawałko Monika , Hermans Astrid N L , van der Velden Rachel M J , Betz Konstanze , VM Verhaert Dominique , Hillmann Henrike A K , Scherr Daniel , Meier Julia , Sultan Arian , Steven Daniel , Terentieva Elena , Pisters Ron , Hemels Martin , Voorhout Leonard , Lodziński Piotr , Krzowski Bartosz , Gupta Dhiraj , Kozhuharov Nikola , Pison Laurent , Gruwez Henri , Desteghe Lien , Heidbuchel Hein , Evens Stijn , Svennberg Emma , de Potter Tom , Vernooy Kevin , Pluymaekers Nikki A HA , Manninger Martin , Duncker David , Sohaib Afzal , Linz Dominik , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this TeleCheck-AF sub-analysis was to evaluate motivation and adherence to on-demand heart rate/rhythm monitoring app in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
Patients were instructed to perform 60 s app-based heart rate/rhythm recordings 3 times daily and in case of symptoms for 7 consecutive days prior to teleconsultation. Motivation was defined as number of days in which the expected number of measurements (≥3/day) were performed per number of days over the entire prescription period. Adherence was defined as number of performed measurements per number of expected measurements over the entire prescription period.
Data from 990 consecutive patients with diagnosed AF [median age 64 (57–71) years, 39% female] from 10 centres were analyzed. Patients with both optimal motivation (100%) and adherence (≥100%) constituted 28% of the study population and had a lower percentage of recordings in sinus rhythm [90 (53–100%) vs. 100 (64–100%), P &lt; 0.001] compared with others. Older age and absence of diabetes were predictors of both optimal motivation and adherence [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% coincidence interval (95% CI): 1.01–1.04, P &lt; 0.001 and OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.86, P = 0.013, respectively]. Patients with 100% motivation also had ≥100% adherence. Independent predictors for optimal adherence alone were older age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04, P = 0.014), female sex (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.29–2.23, P &lt; 0.001), previous AF ablation (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.07, P = 0.028).

Conclusion
In the TeleCheck-AF project, more than one-fourth of patients had optimal motivation and adherence to app-based heart rate/rhythm monitoring. Older age and absence of diabetes were predictors of optimal motivation/adherence.