bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and thermodynamics of Cr (VI) reduction by Tamarindus indica methanol leaves extract under optimized reaction conditions
Authors: Katsayal Babangida Sanusi , Sallau Abdullahi Balarabe , Muhammad Aliyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental contamination with Cr (VI) has recently attracted public attention because of its high concentration in soil and wastewater originating majorly from anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is a feasible method for minimizing chromium pollution. This work aimed at characterizing the effects of Cr (VI) reduction conditions in a batch experiment such as temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, time, and reactant concentrations, as well as kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction using Tamarindus indica methanol leaves extract as a reductant. Cr (VI) reduction was meaningfully affected by temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, reaction time, and reactant concentrations. The reaction followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.997) at pH of 2; at the neutral and alkaline pH (7 and 9), the reaction predominantly obeyed first order (R2 = 0.988) and pseudo-first order (R2 = 0.758), respectively. Under various hydrogen ion concentrations, the reaction retains negative free energies, enthalpy change, and a positive entropy. The findings from this study suggested the reaction to be spontaneous, exothermic, and orderly unstable. We concluded that phytocompounds present in tamarind methanol leaves extract demonstrated a strong potentials for converting Cr (VI) to Cr (III) and, thus, could be applicable in Cr (VI) contaminated wastewater treatment.
Therapeutic applications of engineered chimeric antigen receptors-T cell for cancer therapy
Authors: Hussain Amina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFindings of new targeted treatments with adequate safety evaluations are essential for better cancer cures and mortality rates. Immunotherapy holds promise for patients with relapsed disease, with the ability to elicit long-term remissions. Emerging promising clinical results in B-cell malignancy using gene-altered T-lymphocytes uttering chimeric antigen receptors have sparked a lot of interest. This treatment could open the path for a major difference in the way we treat tumors that are resistant or recurring.Main bodyGenetically altered T cells used to produce tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors are resurrected fields of adoptive cell therapy by demonstrating remarkable success in the treatment of malignant tumors. Because of the molecular complexity of chimeric antigen receptors-T cells, a variety of engineering approaches to improve safety and effectiveness are necessary to realize larger therapeutic uses. In this study, we investigate new strategies for enhancing chimeric antigen receptors-T cell therapy by altering chimeric antigen receptors proteins, T lymphocytes, and their relations with another solid tumor microenvironment (TME) aspects. Furthermore, examine the potential region of chimeric antigen receptors-T cells therapy to become a most effective treatment modality, taking into account the basic and clinical and practical aspect.Short conclusionsChimeric antigen receptors-T cells have shown promise in the therapy of hematological cancers. Recent advancements in protein and cell editing, as well as genome-editing technologies, have paved the way for multilayered T cell therapy techniques that can address numerous important demands. At around the same time, there is crosstalk between various intended aspects within the chimeric antigen receptors-T cell diverse biological complexity and possibilities. These breakthroughs substantially improve the ability to comprehend these complex interactions in future solid tumor chimeric antigen receptor-T cell treatment and open up new treatment options for patients that are currently incurable.
3D ground-penetrating radar attribute classification: A case study from a paleokarst breccia pipe in the Billefjorden area on Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: Allroggen Niklas , Heincke Björn H. , Koyan Philipp , Wheeler Walter , Rønning Jan S. 
Published: April 2022

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a method that can provide detailed information about the near subsurface in sedimentary and carbonate environments. The classical interpretation of GPR data (e.g., based on manual feature selection) often is labor-intensive and limited by the experience of the interpreter. Novel attribute-based classification approaches, typically used for seismic interpretation, can provide faster, more repeatable, and less biased interpretations. We have recorded a 3D GPD data set collected across a paleokarst breccia pipe in the Billefjorden area on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. After performing advanced processing, we compare the results of a classical GPR interpretation to the results of an attribute-based classification. Our attribute classification incorporates a selection of dip and textural attributes as the input for a k-means clustering approach. Similar to the results of the classical interpretation, the resulting classes differentiate between undisturbed strata and breccias or fault zones. The classes also reveal details inside the breccia pipe that are not discerned in the classical interpretation. Using nearby outcropping breccia pipes, we infer that the intrapipe GPR facies result from subtle differences, such as breccia lithology, clast size, or pore-space filling.
Effect of gravitational field on collective motion of fish
Authors: Ito S. , Uchida N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fish exhibit various patterns of collective motion, in which individual fish sense the gravitational field and tend to move horizontally. We study the effect of gravity on the collective patterns by incorporating suppression of vertical motion in an agent-based model. The gravitational factor induces a rotating cylinder which is a vertically and highly elongated form of a torus. The vortex axis becomes almost identical to the vertical axis even when the gravitational factor is weak compared to the interaction between fish. We also obtained a vertically elongated polarized school with high frontal density. Our results clarify the effect of gravity on the shape of clusters, individual-level motion, and mobility of the entire cluster.
Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Somatrogon vs Daily Somatropin in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Phase 3 Study
Authors: Deal Cheri L , Steelman Joel , Vlachopapadopoulou Elpis , Stawerska Renata , Silverman Lawrence A , Phillip Moshe , Kim Ho-Seong , Ko CheolWoo , Malievskiy Oleg , Cara Jose F , Roland Carl L , Taylor Carrie Turich , Valluri Srinivas Rao , Wajnrajch Michael P , Pastrak Aleksandra , Miller Bradley S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Somatrogon is a long-acting recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in development for once-weekly treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Objective
We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly somatrogon with once-daily somatropin in prepubertal children with GHD.

Methods
In this 12-month, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 study, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive once-weekly somatrogon (0.66 mg/kg/week) or once-daily somatropin (0.24 mg/kg/week) for 12 months. A total of 228 prepubertal children (boys aged 3-11 years, girls aged 3-10 years) with GHD, impaired height and height velocity (HV), and no prior rhGH treatment were randomized and 224 received ≥1 dose of study treatment (somatrogon: 109; somatropin: 115). The primary endpoint was annualized HV at month 12.

Results
HV at month 12 was 10.10 cm/year for somatrogon-treated subjects and 9.78 cm/year for somatropin-treated subjects, with a treatment difference (somatrogon-somatropin) of 0.33 (95% CI: −0.24, 0.89). The lower bound of the 2-sided 95% CI was higher than the prespecified noninferiority margin (−1.8 cm/year), demonstrating noninferiority of once-weekly somatrogon vs daily somatropin. HV at month 6 and change in height standard deviation score at months 6 and 12 were similar between both treatment groups. Both treatments were well tolerated, with a similar percentage of subjects experiencing mild to moderate treatment-emergent adverse events in both groups (somatrogon: 78.9%, somatropin: 79.1%).

Conclusion
The efficacy of once-weekly somatrogon was noninferior to once-daily somatropin, with similar safety and tolerability profiles. (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02968004).
The impact of diet quality on the velocity, morphology and normality of sperm in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata
Authors: McDiarmid Callum S. , Hurley Laura L. , Le Mesurier Madiline , Blunsden Andrew C. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Sperm traits can influence fertilisation success, but there is still much we do not understand about sperm condition dependence, that is, how much sperm traits depend on the male's energy acquisition and allocation. This is especially pronounced in avian taxa, despite extensive observational studies and sampling in wild populations. In this study, we collected sperm samples before and after experimentally reducing diet quality of wild-derived captive zebra finches in small mixed-sex groups, which we compared with individuals on a control diet. We measured the length of sperm components (head, midpiece, flagellum and total sperm length), the proportion of sperm with normal morphology, the proportion of sperm that were progressively motile and sperm swimming velocity (curvilinear velocity; VCL). The only sperm trait we found to be impacted by reduced diet quality was a significant decrease in sperm midpiece length. This is consistent with emerging evidence in other non-model systems, as well the fact that diet can alter mitochondrial density and structure in other tissue types. There was also a significant decrease in sperm velocity and the proportion of motile sperm over the course of the experiment for both experimental groups (i.e. unrelated to diet). This decrease in sperm velocity with largely unchanged sperm morphology emphasizes that there are other important determinants of sperm velocity, likely including seminal fluid composition.
Pharmacists’ perceived role in supporting diabetes education and self-management in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: Cooney Eva , O'Riordan David , McSharry Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

Background: Support for people with diabetes is necessary for optimal self-management. Structured diabetes education programmes fulfil this need, but attendance rates are consistently low. The role of pharmacists has expanded but the profession remains underutilised in chronic disease management. The objective of this study is to explore pharmacists’ perceived role in the support of diabetes education and self-management behaviours. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of community pharmacists in Ireland was conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Ten pharmacists were interviewed. The four themes identified illustrate the juxtaposition of pharmacists’ potential in diabetes care with the realities of current pharmaceutical practice. One theme outlined the relationship between the person with diabetes and the pharmacist, ‘Patient or customer: the nature of the pharmacist relationship’. Two themes described the pharmacists’ role in supporting diabetes education and self-management, ‘Beyond medication: pharmacists’ current and potential role in diabetes management’ and ‘Need for diabetes education’. The final theme highlighted the barriers to a more engaged role in patient care, ‘Barriers: “all the stuff that gets in the way”’. Conclusion: The relationship between pharmacists and people with diabetes could facilitate pharmacists in supporting diabetes self-management. However, variability across pharmacists’ level of involvement and consistent resource barriers were noted. Pharmacists were poorly informed about structured diabetes education programmes. Further research is needed to explore this variability but there may be potential to enhance the pharmacist role in promoting attendance at structured diabetes education programmes.
Strict topologies on spaces of vector-valued functions
Authors: Hõim Terje , Robbins David A. 
Published: April 2022

Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space, and {Ex : x ∈ X} a collection of non-trivial locally convex topological vector spaces indexed by X. Let E be their disjoint union. We investigate a species of strict topology on a vector space F of choice functions σ : X → E (σ(x) ∈ Ex), and obtain Stone–Weierstrass and spectral synthesis analogues. We also obtain completeness results in some special cases.
Challenges faced by people with a stoma: peristomal body profile risk factors and leakage
Authors: Martins Lina , Andersen Birgitte Dissing , Colwell Janice , Down Gillian , Forest-Lalande Louise , Novakova Svatava , Probert Rosalind , Hedegaard Chris Juul , Hansen Anne Steen 
Published: April 2022

Aim: The Ostomy Life Study 2019 aimed to obtain a better understanding of the challenges faced by people with stoma. Methods: Online survey with participants from 17 countries. Findings: Of the 54 614 individuals invited to take part, 5187 responded; 62% of the respondents avoided physical and social activities because of their stoma and 37% had never consulted their stoma care nurse to have the fit of their stoma product checked. In a subgroup receiving questions on leakage (n=4209), output under the baseplate and leakage onto clothes were experienced within the previous month by 76% and 26% of respondents, respectively. Higher chance of leakage was associated with an irregular stoma shape and peristomal body profile; a stoma level at or below the skin surface; and the presence of creases, folds and other changes in the peristomal area. Conclusion: Leakage and access to a stoma care nurse to provide the necessary care and guidance remain important concerns for individuals with a stoma.
Sub-epidermal moisture assessment as a prompt for clinical action in treatment of pressure ulcers in at-risk hospital patients
Authors: Ousey Karen , Stephenson John , Blackburn Joanna 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study assesses anonymous patient-level data on the use of sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) assessment technology as a tool in the prevention of pressure ulceration in at-risk hospital patients. Method: The relationship between technology-generated prompts for clinical action (patient turning, application of pressure redistributing equipment, heel protection or cream) and consequent clinical action was evaluated using data cross-tabulations (using data aggregated over multiple anatomical sites); in a multilevel model with patients clustered within wards, clustered in turn within hospitals, and controlling for additional patient- and institution-level factors; and using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of anatomy-specific data. The ability of the SEM assessment technology to detect deep and early-stage pressure ulcers/injuries on specific anatomical areas of a patient's body on admission, earlier than visual and tactile skin tissue assessments (STA), was assessed. Results: A total of 15,574 patient assessments (‘cases’) were reported on 1995 patients. Most incidences of nurse action were in response to a prompt from SEM assessments (4944/5494; 90.0%). An SEM delta (Δ)≥0.6 resulted in nurse action in 4944/13,071 cases (37.8%). The multilevel model revealed strong evidence that SEM Δ prompts were significantly associated with nurse action (p<0.001; adjusted odds ratio: 1.99). Conclusion: In this study, SEM assessment technology effectively prompted nurse action moreso than skin reddening diagnosed via trained clinician judgement and STAs. While baseline responses of nurses' actions remained low, with or without SEM Δ prompts, findings verified the ‘clinical utility’ of SEM assessment technology as an objective prompt for early clinical action over and above existing mechanisms.
Risk categorisation of patients attending a diabetic foot screening clinic in Suez
Authors: Metwally Tayseer 
Published: April 2022

Objective:To identify risk factors and assess diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and amputation risk category (according to the 2015 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidance) among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Suez governorate, Egypt.Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the diabetic foot screening clinic of Suez General Hospital. A comprehensive sample of patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetes clinic every Saturday were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to their history and foot examination: without neuropathy (Group 0); with neuropathy (Group 1); with neuropathy associated with deformity and/or vascular disorders (Group 2); and with foot ulcer or amputation history (Group 3).Results:A total of 220 patients were included in the study. Mean age of participants was 54.6±10.3 years and 70.5% of patients were female. The patients were divided into four groups: 37.3% were in group 0; 37.7% in group 1; 11.8% were in group 2; and 13.2% were in group 3. Male sex and diabetic complications (particularly neuropathy, cardiovascular disease and retinopathy) had the most significant effect on risk classification.Conclusion:This study showed that 62.7% of patients with diabetes enrolled in the study were at risk of developing a DFU and amputation. Physicians should conduct a foot assessment and risk categorisation for all patients with diabetes as early management or referral could prevent further complications.
Does tibial design modification improve implant stability for total knee arthroplasty? An experimental cadaver study
Authors: Jaeger Sebastian , Eissler Marvin , Schwarze Martin , Schonhoff Mareike , Kretzer J. Philippe , Bitsch Rudi G. 
Published: April 2022

Aims One of the main causes of tibial revision surgery for total knee arthroplasty is aseptic loosening. Therefore, stable fixation between the tibial component and the cement, and between the tibial component and the bone, is essential. A factor that could influence the implant stability is the implant design, with its different variations. In an existing implant system, the tibial component was modified by adding cement pockets. The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to investigate whether additional cement pockets on the underside of the tibial component could improve implant stability. The relative motion between implant and bone, the maximum pull-out force, the tibial cement mantle, and a possible path from the bone marrow to the metal-cement interface were determined. Methods A tibial component with (group S: Attune S+) and without (group A: Attune) additional cement pockets was implanted in 15 fresh-frozen human leg pairs. The relative motion was determined under dynamic loading (extension-flexion 20° to 50°, load-level 1,200 to 2,100 N) with subsequent determination of the maximum pull-out force. In addition, the cement mantle was analyzed radiologically for possible defects, the tibia base cement adhesion, and preoperative bone mineral density (BMD). Results The BMD showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. Group A showed for all load levels significantly higher maximum relative motion compared to group S for 20° and 50° flexion. Group S improved the maximum failure load significantly compared to group A without additional cement pockets. Group S showed a significantly increased cement adhesion compared to group A. The cement penetration and cement mantle defect analysis showed no significant differences between both groups. Conclusion From a biomechanical point of view, the additional cement pockets of the component have improved the fixation performance of the implant. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(4):229–238.
Applications of the SWAT Model for Coastal Watersheds: Review and Recommendations
Authors: Upadhyay Pawan , Linhoss Anna , Kelble Chris , Ashby Steve , Murphy Naja , Parajuli Prem B. 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsA systematic review was performed of SWAT applications in coastal watersheds.Three percent of SWAT applications have occurred in coastal watersheds.SWAT performed better at a monthly time step versus a daily time step.Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was the most common metric used for evaluating simulations.More research should be conducted on coupling SWAT with hydrodynamic models in tidal systems.Abstract. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a watershed to river basin scale model widely used to simulate the quality and quantity of surface water and groundwater. SWAT has been applied in a wide variety of geographical landscapes around the world. This review presents a comprehensive summary of SWAT applications for coastal watersheds. Thirty-four articles were identified as coastal applications of SWAT, which account for 3% of the total published studies using SWAT. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was the most common metric used to evaluate SWAT simulations. The SWAT model calibration and validation studies in coastal watersheds reported higher NSE values for monthly flow simulation (NSE up to 0.95) than for daily flow simulation (NSE up to 0.89). Among all the studies, 34% of the reported NSE values (flow and water quality combined) were &gt;0.75. The majority (58%) of flow values were reported daily, while the majority (81%) of water quality values were reported monthly. Only two studies combined SWAT with a hydrodynamic model to account for tide-storm surge processes. SWAT may be applied more readily and successfully to coastal watersheds if a user-friendly method is developed for coupling SWAT with hydrodynamic models to simulate the tidal influence. Keywords: Bay, Coast, Estuary, Gulf, Hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Water quality model, Watershed model.
Standoff CARS spectroscopy and imaging using an ytterbium-based laser system
Authors: Gatti Davide , Lamperti Marco , Zilli Attilio , Canella Francesco , Cerullo Giulio , Galzerano Gianluca , Laporta Paolo , Coluccelli Nicola 
Published: April 2022

A laser system for standoff coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of various materials under ambient light conditions is presented. The system is based on an ytterbium laser and an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier for the generation of a broadband pump tunable from 880 to 930 nm, a Stokes at 1025 nm, and a narrowband probe at 512.5 nm. High-resolution Raman spectra encompassing the fingerprint region (400-1800 cm−1) are obtained in 5 ms for toluene, and 100 ms for two types of sugars, glucose and fructose, at a distance of 1 m. As a demonstration of the potential of the setup, hyperspectral images of a 2×2-cm2 target area are collected for a toluene cuvette and a glucose/fructose pressed disk. Our approach is suitable for implementation of a portable system for standoff CARS imaging of chemical and biological materials.