bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of ultrasound treatment to extract mannan polysaccharide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Eom Su Jin , Park Jong‐Tae , Kang Min‐Cheol , Lee Nam Hyouck , Song Kyung‐Mo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe threat of food shortages has increased the demand for sustainable technology worldwide. We investigated the use of ultrasonic waves to extract polysaccharides from yeast for use as a feed source. Saccharomyces cerevisiae polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasound treatment (output: 400–1000 W, frequency: 20 kHz, operating hour: 2–8 h, and operating temperature: 70°C). To extract polysaccharides from the ultrasonic extract, the supernatant was recovered by treatment with .4% α‐amylase and 1% alcalase after ethanol precipitation. Monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and structure of crude polysaccharide were analyzed using ion chromatography, rapid separation liquid chromatography, and H1‐nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in RAW 264.7 cells using Griess reagent. The ultrasonicated extracts comprised mannose polysaccharides with an α‐(1→6) backbone and α‐(1→2) and α‐(1→3) side chain linkages with molecular weight of 31–34 kDa. This extract increased the nitric oxide content in RAW264.7 cells. Although the ultrasonic intensity did not significantly affect polysaccharide structure or NO production, extraction time did. Overall, our findings established a strategy to enable the eco‐friendly production of feed materials with immune enhancement effects.Practical ApplicationsIt is a well‐established fact that yeast polysaccharides exhibit immune‐enhancing effects. Chemical and physical extraction methods are used to extract these polysaccharides. In this study, we employed ultrasonic extraction technology to meet the demand for eco‐friendly technology development. Consequently, we were able to reduce the use of chemical solvents and obtain high polysaccharide yields. Notably, we discovered that polysaccharides of 31–34 kDa molecular weights had potent immune‐enhancing effects. Lastly, we developed functional polysaccharide materials as alternatives to antibiotics used in the animal feed industry.
To be young, conscious and Black: The cumulative witnessing of racial violence for Black youth and families
Authors: Anderson Leslie A. , Morton LaRen , Trejo Andrea N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article identifies the increased exposure of racialized violence against Black Americans directly and via the media as potentially posing a deleterious threat to the emotional health and well‐being of Black youth. We consider this process of cumulative witnessing to be a form of racial trauma that is deserving of adequate attention in family science. Drawing on previous race‐related trauma scholarship, we present a conceptualization of cumulative witnessing that is particularly salient for Black youth and families. We identify both the potential negative effects of increased exposure to racial violence, but also acknowledge the potential for critical consciousness‐raising through the familial process of racial socialization. Racial socialization efforts can also be augmented by clinicians who recognize the stress, emotional injury, and trauma related to racism and seek to address these offenses in a clinical context.
Role of exosomes in skin diseases
Authors: Kose Osman , Botsali Aysenur , Caliskan Ercan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundExosomes, as a family member of extracellular vesicles, are cell‐secreted nanoscale structures that play pivotal roles in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes of the skin. Exosomes induce communication between cells and are responsible for transporting cellular components such as microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and cell‐surface proteins. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials searched the contribution of exosomes to skin functions and disorders. Thus, exosomes are gaining increasing attention within investigational dermatology. In advance, stem‐cell‐derived exosomes were integrated into the functional cosmetics industry nominated as cell‐free regenerative medicine.ObjectiveThis review aims to demonstrate the roles of exosomes in inflammatory skin disorders, stem cell, and tumor biology through a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic perspectives.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using key words ''exosomes'', ''skin'', ''wound healing''.ConclusionExosomes are regarded as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various skin diseases. Future prospects are repurposing exosomes to treat skin disorders, either as drug carriers or drugs themselves.
Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 overcomes cisplatin chemoresistance by targeting cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tavares Marcela Oliveira , Milan Thaís Moré , Bighetti‐Trevisan Rayana Longo , Leopoldino Andréia Machado , de Almeida Luciana Oliveira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemoresistance is associated with recurrence and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation is highly resistant to therapy, and they are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. HDACs are histone deacetylase enzymes that epigenetically regulate gene expression. HDAC6 acts on several physiological processes, including oxidative stress, autophagy and DNA damage response, and its accumulation is associated with cancer. Here, we investigate the role of HDAC6 in CSC‐mediated chemoresistance in oral carcinoma in addition to its application as a therapeutic target to reverse chemoresistance.MethodsWild‐type oral carcinoma cell lines (CAL27 WT and SCC9 WT), cisplatin‐resistant (CAL27 CisR and SCC9 CisR), and the subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSC+) and non‐stem (CSC−) derived from CisR cells were investigated. HDAC6 accumulation was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence; DNA damage was evaluated by immunofluorescence of phospho‐H2A.X; the qPCR for PRDX2, PRDX6, SOD2, and TXN and ROS assay assessed oxidative stress. Apoptosis and CSC accumulation were investigated by flow cytometry.ResultsWe identified the accumulation of HDAC6 in CisR cell lines and CSC. Cisplatin‐resistant cell lines and CSC demonstrated a reduction in DNA damage and ROS and elevated expression of PRDX2. The administration of tubastatin A (a specific HDAC6 inhibitor) increased oxidative stress and DNA damage and decreased PRDX2. Tubastatin A as a monotherapy induced apoptosis in CisR and CSC and reduced the stemness phenotype.ConclusionHigh levels of HDAC6 sustain CSC subpopulation and chemoresistance in OSCC, suggesting HDAC6 as a pharmacological target to overcome resistance and perhaps prevent recurrence in OSCC.
The effects of superheating and cooling rate on olivine growth in chondritic liquid
Authors: Auxerre Marion , Faure François , Lequin Delphine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChondrules, the major constituent of chondrites, are millimeter‐sized igneous objects resulting from the crystallization of silicate liquids produced by the partial or complete melting of chondritic precursors, whose exact nature remains disputed. Various chondrule textures are observed as a function of the extent of the initial melting event. Here, we report dynamic crystallization experiments performed with a broad range of cooling rates (2–750 °C h−1) from superliquidus or subliquidus initial conditions to demonstrate the control of nucleation on the final chondrule texture. Classical crypto‐porphyritic, micro‐porphyritic, and porphyritic olivine textures were reproduced in subliquidus experiments in which heterogeneous nucleation dominates. In contrast, we were unable to reproduce barred olivine textures, regardless of the cooling rates investigated from superliquidus conditions; instead, macro‐porphyritic textures were systematically obtained at low cooling rates (<10 °C h−1). The small number and large size of crystals in the macro‐porphyritic texture are consistent with the initial step of superheating and the presence of long embayments that indicate an initial episode of rapid growth due to delayed nucleation. Crystals then acquired polyhedral shapes during a subsequent episode of slow growth. When the growth rate is too slow to decrease the degree of supersaturation in the liquid, a new episode of rapid growth produces a new generation of melt inclusions.
Dialysis modality utilization patterns and mortality in older persons initiating dialysis in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Ethier Isabelle , Campbell Scott B. , Cho Yeoungjee , Hawley Carmel M. , Isbel Nicole M. , Krishnasamy Rathika , Roberts Matthew A. , Semple David , Sypek Matthew , Viecelli Andrea K. , Johnson David W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe benefits of dialysis in the older population remain highly debated, particularly for certain dialysis modalities. This study aimed to explore the dialysis modality utilization patterns between in‐centre haemodialysis (ICHD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home haemodialysis (HHD) and their association with outcomes in older persons.MethodsOlder persons (≥75 years) initiating dialysis in Australia and New Zealand from 1999 to 2018 reported to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry were included. The main aim of the study was to characterize dialysis modality utilization patterns and describe individual characteristics of each pattern. Relationships between identified patterns and survival, causes of death and withdrawal were examined as secondary analyses, where the pattern was considered as the exposure.ResultsA total of 10 306 older persons initiated dialysis over the study period. Of these, 6776 (66%) and 1535 (15%) were exclusively treated by ICHD and PD, respectively, while 136 (1%) ever received HHD during their dialysis treatment course. The remainder received both ICHD and PD: 906 (9%) started dialysis on ICHD and 953 (9%) on PD. Different individual characteristics were seen across dialysis modality utilization patterns. Median survival time was 3.0 (95%CI 2.9–3.1) years. Differences in survival were seen across groups and varied depending on the time period following dialysis initiation. Dialysis withdrawal was an important cause of death and varied according to individual characteristics and utilization patterns.ConclusionThis study showed that dialysis modality utilization patterns in older persons are associated with mortality, independent of individual characteristics.
Nutritional strategies to attenuate postprandial glycemic response
Authors: Pasmans Kenneth , Meex Ruth C. R. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMaintaining good glycemic control to prevent complications is crucial in people with type 2 diabetes and in people with prediabetes and in the general population. Different strategies to improve glycemic control involve the prescription of blood glucose‐lowering drugs and the modulation of physical activity and diet. Interestingly, lifestyle intervention may be more effective in lowering hyperglycemia than pharmaceutical intervention. Regulation of postprandial glycemia is complex, but specific nutritional strategies can be applied to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. These strategies include reducing total carbohydrate intake, consuming carbohydrates with a lower glycemic index, the addition of or substitution by sweeteners and fibers, using food compounds which delay or inhibit gastric emptying or carbohydrate digestion, and using food compounds which inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. Nevertheless, it must be noted that every individual may respond differently to certain nutritional interventions. Therefore, a personalized approach is of importance to choose the optimal nutritional strategy to improve postprandial glycemia for each individual, but this requires a better understanding of the mechanisms explaining the differential responses between individuals.
Naturally segregating genetic variation in circadian period exhibits a regional elevational and climatic cline
Authors: McMinn Rob , Salmela Matti J. , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCircadian clocks confer adaptation to predictable 24‐h fluctuations in the exogenous environment, but it has yet to be determined what ecological factors maintain natural genetic variation in endogenous circadian period outside of the hypothesized optimum of 24 h. We estimated quantitative genetic variation in circadian period in leaf movement in 30 natural populations of theArabidopsisrelativeBoechera strictasampled within only 1° of latitude but across an elevation gradient spanning 2460–3300 m in the Rocky Mountains. Measuring ~3800 plants from 473 maternal families (7–20 per population), we found that genetic variation was of similar magnitude among versus within populations, with population means varying between 21.9 and 24.9 h and maternal family means within populations varying by up to ~6 h. After statistically accounting for spatial autocorrelation at a habitat extreme, we found that elevation explained a significant proportion of genetic variation in the circadian period, such that higher‐elevation populations had shorter mean period lengths and reduced intrapopulation ranges. Environmental data indicate that these spatial trends could be related to steep regional climatic gradients in temperature, precipitation, and their intra‐annual variability. Our findings suggest that spatially fine‐grained environmental heterogeneity contributes to naturally occurring genetic variation in circadian traits in wild populations.
Refractory angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: Complete resolution with low dose thalidomide
Authors: Khurana Ananta , Savitha B 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a difficult‐to‐treat and rare benign vascular proliferative condition which presents as painless, solitary, or multiple vascular papules or nodules in the head and neck area, with predilection for the ear. We report a case of ALHE that failed multiple therapeutic interventions but achieved complete resolution when treated with thalidomide.
Profiles of patients using emergency departments or hospitalized for suicidal behaviors
Authors: Fleury Marie‐Josée , Cao Zhirong , Armoon Bahram , Grenier Guy , Lesage Alain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study identified profiles of patients with suicidal behaviors, their sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and assessed the risk of death within a 12‐month follow‐up period.MethodsBased on administrative databases, this 5‐year study analyzed data on 5064 patients in Quebec who used emergency departments (ED) or were hospitalized for suicidal behaviors over a 2‐year period. Latent class analysis was used for patient profiles, bivariate analysis for patient correlates over 2 years, and survival analysis for risk of death within a 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsFour profiles were identified: high suicidal behaviors and high service use (Profile 1: 23%); low suicidal behaviors and moderate service use (Profile 2: 46%); low suicidal behaviors and low service use (Profile 3: 25%); and high suicidal behaviors and high acute care, but low outpatient care (Profile 4: 6%). Profiles 1 and 4 patients had more serious conditions, with a higher risk of death in Profile 1 versus Profiles 2 and 3. Profile 2 patients had relatively more common mental disorders, and Profile 3 patients had less severe conditions. Profiles 3 and 4 included more men and younger patients.ConclusionPrograms better adapted to patient profiles should be deployed after ED use and hospitalization in coordination with outpatient services.
How do world class top 5 Giro d'Italia finishers train? A qualitative multiple case study
Authors: Gallo Gabriele , Mateo‐March Manuel , Gotti Daniel , Faelli Emanuela , Ruggeri Piero , Codella Roberto , Filipas Luca 
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to describe individual training strategies in preparation to Giro d'Italia of three world class road cyclists who achieved a top 5 in the general classification. Day‐to‐day power meter training and racing data of three road cyclists (age: 26, 27, 25 years; relative maximum oxygen consumption: 81, 82, 80 ml·min−1·kg−1; relative 20‐min record power output: 6.6, 6.6, 6.4 W kg−1) of the 22 weeks (December–May) leading up to the top 5 in Giro d'Italia general classification were retrospectively analyzed. Weekly volume and intensity distribution were considered. Cyclists completed 17, 22, 29 races, trained averagely for 19.7 (7.9), 16.2 (7.0), 14.7 (6.2) hours per week, with a training intensity distribution of 91.3–6.5‐2.2, 83.6–10.6‐5.8, 86.7–8.9‐4.4 in zone 1‐zone 2‐zone 3 before the Giro d'Italia. Two cyclists spent 55 and 39 days at altitude, one did not attend any altitude camp. Cyclists adopted an overall pyramidal intensity distribution with a relevant increase in high‐intensity volume and polarization index in races weeks. Tapering phases seem to be dictated by race schedule instead of literature prescription, with no strength training performed by the three cyclists throughout the entire periodization.
The virtual good farmer: Farmers’ use of social media and the (re)presentation of “good farming”
Authors: Riley Mark , Robertson Bethany 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper advances the literature on the ‘good farmer’ by considering the role social media may play in the presentation, refinement and reworking of notions of good farming. In exploring these ideas, the paper brings current understandings of the good farmer into conversation with those literatures on online capital exchange and the extensions of Goffman's ideas of identity performance. The paper draws on analysis of 5,000 farming tweets and interviews with 22 farmers who utilize Twitter. The paper considers how social media offers a change to the geographies and temporalities of good farming as it allows connection to a broader, geographically unrestricted, audience, might open up the previously un(der)observed or inaccessible microspaces of the farm, and allow the multifarious and often ephemeral aspects of farming practices to be captured. In moving, conceptually, beyond the idea of identity performance toward one of curation, the paper introduces the idea of didactic text, which serves to contextualize what is seen as good (and bad) farming practice. The paper shows how social media's ability to offer this regular and contextual information allows us to move beyond abstracted and decontextualized symbols of good farming toward recognizing the context‐specific nature of the ‘rules of the game,’ and how a broader audience beyond the farming community may be beginning to play a role in (re)shaping the symbols and practices of good farming.
TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh‐A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation in humans in vivo
Authors: Fujii Naoto , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P. , Mündel Toby , Lei Tze‐Huan , Honda Yasushi , Kondo Narihiko , Nishiyasu Takeshi 
Published: June 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) blockers modulate the activation of heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation?

What are the main finding and its importance?
Relative to the vehicle control site, TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh‐A01 and benzbromarone had no effect on sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance during whole‐body heating inducing a 1.1 ± 0.1°C increase in core temperature above baseline resting levels. These results suggest that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh‐A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole‐body heat stress.

AbstractAnimal and in vitro studies suggest that transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, contributes to regulating eccrine sweating. However, direct evidence supporting this possibility in humans is lacking. We assessed the hypothesis that TMEM16A blockers attenuate sweating during whole‐body heating in humans. Additionally, we assessed the associated changes in the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilatation to determine if a functional role of TMEM16A may exist. Twelve young (24 ± 2 years) adults (six females) underwent whole‐body heating using a water‐perfused suit to raise core temperature 1.1 ± 0.1°C above baseline. Sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (normalized to maximal conductance via administration of sodium nitroprusside) were evaluated continuously at four forearm skin sites treated continuously by intradermal microdialysis with (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control), (2) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) serving as a vehicle control, or (3) TMEM16A blockers 1 mM T16Ainh‐A01 or 2 mM benzbromarone dissolved in 5% DMSO solution. All drugs were administered continuously via intradermal microdialysis. Whole‐body heating increased core temperature progressively and this was paralleled by an increase in sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance at all skin sites. However, sweat rate (all P > 0.318) and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≥ 0.073) did not differ between the vehicle control site relative to the TMEM16A blocker‐treated sites. Collectively, our findings indicate that TMEM16A blockers T16Ainh‐A01 and benzbromarone do not modulate the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during whole‐body heating in young adults in vivo.
Abordaje práctico de la heterogeneidad en la lectura crítica de revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis
Authors: Pineda Álvarez Mateo , Zapata Ospina Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2022

Las revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura (RSL) y metaanálisis (MA) son estudios que se encuentran en la cima de la pirámide de la medicina basada en evidencia por su alto poder y precisión al combinar los resultados provenientes de estudios primarios. Uno de los problemas más frecuentes es que los resultados de los estudios varíen de manera significativa entre sí lo que se conoce como heterogeneidad, que puede ser definida como la variabilidad que existe entre los resultados de estudios primarios sobre un desenlace, que puede deberse a las diferencias inherentes a cada estudio. Se puede identificar a través de métodos estadísticos y gráficos. Una vez identificada, se deben ahondar las causas que la expliquen para comprender cómo pueden aplicarse los resultados. También es posible incorporar la heterogeneidad en el MA y minimizarla a través de los modelos estadísticos para combinar los efectos. En la presente revisión narrativa de la literatura se pretende definir la heterogeneidad en las RSL y MA y ofrecer un abordaje práctico para la lectura crítica de estos estudios secundarios.