bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and anti-trichomunas characteristics of local landraces of Lawsonia inermis L.
Authors: Fatahi Bafghi M. , Salary S. , Mirzaei F. , Mahmoodian H. , Meftahizade H. , Zareshahi R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Henna (Lawsonia inermis) with anti-bacterial properties has been widely used in traditional medicine especially Persian medicine. Henna oil is suggested for diseases of infectious origin, such as cervical ulcers. Group B Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Trichomonas vaginalis are involved in the infection of women especially cervicitis. Henna grows in dry and tropical regions. The main important landraces of henna landraces are cultivated in Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr provinces in Iran.
Proper use of antimicrobial agents, use of new antimicrobial strategies, and alternative methods, such as herbal methods may help reduce drug resistance in the future. This study’s objective was to investigate the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of three different henna landraces and antimicrobial effects against group B Streptococcus agalactiae and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods
Total phenol content was measured by Folin ciocaltu method. Antibacterial effect of landraces of Henna against P. aeruginosa and S. agalactiae were assayed by well diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assessments were done using the broth micro-dilution technique. Anti-Trichomonas effect of Henna landraces were assayed by Hemocytometery method.

Results
Total phenol content of Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj was 206.51, 201.96, and 254.85 μg/ml, respectively. Shahdad, Rudbar-e-Jonub, and Qaleh Ganj had MIC against GBS at 15, 15 and, 4 μg/ml. The growth inhibition diameter of the most effective henna (Shahdad landrace) at a concentration of 20 μg/ml on P. aeruginosa was 2.46 ± 0.15 cm and in the MIC method at a concentration of 5 μg/ml of Shahdad landrace, P. aeruginosa did not grow. IC50 of shahdad Henna after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h was 7.54, 4.83 and 20.54 μg/ml, respectively. IC50 of Rudbar-e-Jonub extract was 5.76, 3.79 and 5.77 μg/ml in different days. IC50 of Qaleh Ganj extract was 6.09, 4.08 and 5.74 μg/ml in different days.

Conclusions
The amount of total phenol in Qaleh Ganj was higher than the other varieties. In the well diffusion method, Qaleh Ganj was more effective against group B Streptococcus (Gram-positive bacterium) than the other two landraces, and Shahdad landrace was more effective against P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacterium) than other. In the MIC method, the same result was obtained as in the well diffusion method, but at a lower concentration.
Health literacy training program for community healthcare providers using hybrid online team-based learning in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Jyh-Gang , Yu Jui-Hung , Wang Ying-Wei , Wei Mi-Hsiu , Chang Mei-Chuan , Wu Chao-Chun , Chia Shu-Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Health literacy (HL) has proven to be a determining factor influencing the health of individuals. Community health providers (CHPs) work on the front line of improving public HL. Increasing their understanding of HL and their ability to incorporate HL into healthcare can reduce obstacles in healthcare services. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an HL training program for CHP by using the hybrid online team-based learning (TBL) model.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study and focused group interviews were conducted. We developed a six weeks HL online course for CHPs. The program included teaching videos for pre-class preparation, a 90-min online TBL model, and a case discussion in the last two weeks. Team application activities were designed for each class to enhance knowledge application. A total of 81 CHPs from 20 public health centers took the course and provided complete data for analysis. Learning effectiveness was evaluated based on the familiarity, attitude, and confidence in implementing HL practices, course satisfaction, and participants’ learning experiences.

Results
The comparison showed that the participants’ familiarity with HL (4.29 ± 1.76 vs 6.92 ± 1.52, p < .001), attitude (7.39 ± 1.88 vs 8.10 ± 1.44, p = .004), and confidence in implementing HL practices (6.22 ± 1.48 vs 7.61 ± 1.34, p < .001) increased after the course. The average satisfaction with the teaching strategies was 4.06 ± .53 points, the average helpfulness to practice was 4.13 ± .55 points, and the overall feedback on satisfaction with learning was 4.06 ± .58 points (the full score was 5 points). According to the learning experience of the 20 participants in the focus group discussion, the experiences of teaching strategies and the learning experiences of the HL course were summed up into two categories, seven themes, and 13 subthemes. The results showed a positive experience with the hybrid online TBL program.

Conclusion
The use of hybrid online TBL model is a feasible and valid approach for the HL training of CHPs. The result can serve as a reference for the on-the-job training of various healthcare workers.
A multi-layer soft lattice based model for Chinese clinical named entity recognition
Authors: Guo Shuli , Yang Wentao , Han Lina , Song Xiaowei , Wang Guowei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveNamed entity recognition (NER) is a key and fundamental part of many medical and clinical tasks, including the establishment of a medical knowledge graph, decision-making support, and question answering systems. When extracting entities from electronic health records (EHRs), NER models mostly apply long short-term memory (LSTM) and have surprising performance in clinical NER. However, increasing the depth of the network is often required by these LSTM-based models to capture long-distance dependencies. Therefore, these LSTM-based models that have achieved high accuracy generally require long training times and extensive training data, which has obstructed the adoption of LSTM-based models in clinical scenarios with limited training time.MethodInspired by Transformer, we combine Transformer with Soft Term Position Lattice to form soft lattice structure Transformer, which models long-distance dependencies similarly to LSTM. Our model consists of four components: the WordPiece module, the BERT module, the soft lattice structure Transformer module, and the CRF module.ResultOur experiments demonstrated that this approach increased the F1 by 1–5% in the CCKS NER task compared to other models based on LSTM with CRF and consumed less training time. Additional evaluations showed that lattice structure transformer shows good performance for recognizing long medical terms, abbreviations, and numbers. The proposed model achieve 91.6% f-measure in recognizing long medical terms and 90.36% f-measure in abbreviations, and numbers.ConclusionsBy using soft lattice structure Transformer, the method proposed in this paper captured Chinese words to lattice information, making our model suitable for Chinese clinical medical records. Transformers with Mutilayer soft lattice Chinese word construction can capture potential interactions between Chinese characters and words.
Mobile health application for Thai women: investigation and model
Authors: Kongjit Chalermpon , Nimmolrat Acrapol , Khamaksorn Achara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Women’s mobile health (m-health) applications are currently widely used for health education, medication, prevention of illness, etcetera. However, women are extremely sensitive to their design. While the number of m-health applications for women is increasing, many are of poor quality and have development issues.

Objective
This paper aims to develop and evaluate an m-health application for Thai women based on a user-centred design (UCD). Current women’s m-health applications were investigated to identify any lack of development in usability, functionality and graphical user interface. The results were evaluated and used to create criteria for the trial of a prototype application.

Methods
UCD methodology was used to design a graphical user interface, analyse the application’s functionality, and enhance its usability. Data from thirty female end-users were collected and maintained locally, and thirteen information technology (IT) experts provided feedback on the prototype trial. Interviews and questionnaires were used to gather user data and identify problems.

Results
The average scores of the evaluation by the end-users (n = 30) and IT experts (n = 13) were compared using a t-test statistical analysis. For the first version, the end-users gave higher usability scores (average = 4.440), with no statistical significance and a P value of 0.05. In comparison, lower scores for functionality were given by the IT experts (average = 4.034), with no statistical significance and a P value of 0.05. For the second version, the average scores from the end-users were higher than those from the IT experts. The highest score was related to usability (average = 4.494), with no statistical significance and a P value of 0.05. The lowest score was for the user interface from the group of IT experts (average = 4.084), with no statistical significance and a P value of 0.05.

Conclusion
A UCD was utilised to construct a process taxonomy to understand, analyse, design and develop an application suitable for Thai women. It was found from an evaluation of the currently-available women’s m-health applications that usability is their main weakness; therefore, this aspect needed to be prioritised in the new design. According to the results, IT experts’ perspective of the development of an m-health application was different from that of end-users. Hence, it was evident that both end-users and IT experts needed to be involved in helping developers to analyse, prioritise and establish a strategy for developing an m-health application, particularly one for women’s health. This would give researchers an in-depth understanding of the end-users’ expectations.
Access to surgical care in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional retrospective data review
Authors: Meshesha Berhane Redae , Sibhatu Manuel Kassaye , Beshir Hassen Mohammed , Zewude Wuletaw Chane , Taye Desalegn Bekele , Getachew Edlawit Mesfin , Merga Kassa Haile , Kumssa Tsegaye Hailu , Alemayue Endawoke Amsalu , Ashuro Akililu Alemu , Shagre Mulatu Biru , Gebreegziabher Senedu Bekele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Access to emergency and essential surgical care is still unmet and accessibility is disproportionately inequitable in Ethiopia and other low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess surgical care access in terms of capability, capacity, and timeliness of care in different levels of health care in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with retrospective data review was conducted in 172 health facilities from December 30, 2020 to June 10, 2021. Descriptive statistics such as median with interquartile range and proportion were computed using STATA Version 15 statistical software.

Results
Within a 90-day interval of the study period, 69,717 major and minor surgeries, and 33,052 bellwether procedures were performed, and major surgeries accounted for 58% of the surgeries. About 1.6%, 23.56%, 25.34%, and 32.2% of both major and minor, and 3.1%, 12.8%, 27.6%, and 45.3% of bellwether procedures were performed in health center OR blocks, primary, general, and specialized hospitals, respectively. Private hospitals performed 17.33% of major and minor and 11.2% of bellwether procedures for the period. The average pre-admission waiting time for surgical patients in primary, general, and specialized hospitals was 9.68, 37.6, and 35.9 days, respectively, whereas, in private hospitals, the average pre-admission waiting time was 1.42 days. On average, surgical patients traveled 5 Hrs, 11 Hrs, 28.4 Hrs, and 21.3 Hrs to access surgical services in primary, general, specialized, and private hospitals, respectively. The surgical workforce to the population served ratio was 7.5, 1.15, and 1.31/100.000 population in primary, specialized and general hospitals, respectively.

Conclusion
Most surgical procedures were performed in specialized hospitals, indicating that there is a burden in these health facilities. The pre-admission waiting time for surgical patients was long in higher-level public hospitals. Surgical patients traveled a long distance to access surgical service in higher level hospitals. The ratio of surgical workforce per 100,000 population served was low in all levels of public health facilities in general, and in higher level hospitals in particular. Efforts should therefore be made to strengthen all levels of the health system and improve surgical care access in terms of capacity, capability, and timeliness in the country.
Communication sheet eases barriers for Japanese patients and health professionals
Authors: Sonoda Kento , Takedai Teiichi , Salter Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Language and cultural barriers can affect healthcare outcomes of minority populations. However, limited data are available on communication tools developed to address health disparities resulting from language and cultural barriers. Our study aimed to reduce communication barriers between Japanese patients and non-Japanese-speaking clinic staff by developing a Japanese-English Communication Sheet (JECS) to create more equitable clinical environments for Japanese patients in ambulatory care.

Methods
This study was conducted at a family health center in a United States urban setting, in the city of Pittsburgh, between November 2019 and August 2020. This study included Japanese adult patients who had health care office visits with one of two Japanese-speaking physicians and who completed a survey about the JECS. The JECS, written in Japanese and English, targets common sources of confusion by presenting common health questions, written in Japanese, and by explaining differences between common healthcare processes in Japan and the United States. Clinic staff who used the JECS with Japanese-speaking patients also were surveyed about the tool.

Results
Sixty Japanese patients met inclusion criteria and completed the survey. More than half of participants found the JECS useful, and those with self-reported limited English proficiency were most likely to report that the JECS was useful (p = 0.02). All nine non-Japanese speaking staff surveyed found the sheet helpful.

Conclusions
The JECS is a useful communication tool for addressing common barriers faced by Japanese patients seeking care at an American health center where Japanese-speaking physicians work but no clinic staff speak Japanese. A focused communication sheet can facilitate communication between patients and clinic staff and also reduce health inequities resulting from linguistic and cultural barriers. Additionally, using a communication sheet can advance quality and safety of patient care at the individual and institutional level.
Deficient DNA base-excision repair in the forebrain leads to a sex-specific anxiety-like phenotype in mice
Authors: Mueller Flavia S. , Amport René , Notter Tina , Schalbetter Sina M. , Lin Han-Yu , Garajova Zuzana , Amini Parisa , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Markkanen Enni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are common, multi-factorial and multi-symptomatic disorders. Ample evidence implicates oxidative stress, deficient repair of oxidative DNA lesions and DNA damage in the development of these disorders. However, it remains unclear whether insufficient DNA repair and resulting DNA damage are causally connected to their aetiopathology, or if increased levels of DNA damage observed in patient tissues merely accumulate as a consequence of cellular dysfunction. To assess a potential causal role for deficient DNA repair in the development of these disorders, we behaviourally characterized a mouse model in which CaMKIIa-Cre-driven postnatal conditional knockout (KO) of the core base-excision repair (BER) protein XRCC1 leads to accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage in the forebrain.

Results
CaMKIIa-Cre expression caused specific deletion of XRCC1 in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG), CA1 and CA2 and the amygdala and led to increased DNA damage therein. While motor coordination, cognition and social behaviour remained unchanged, XRCC1 KO in the forebrain caused increased anxiety-like behaviour in males, but not females, as assessed by the light–dark box and open field tests. Conversely, in females but not males, XRCC1 KO caused an increase in learned fear-related behaviour in a cued (Pavlovian) fear conditioning test and a contextual fear extinction test. The relative density of the GABA(A) receptor alpha 5 subunit (GABRA5) was reduced in the amygdala and the dorsal CA1 in XRCC1 KO females, whereas male XRCC1 KO animals exhibited a significant reduction of GABRA5 density in the CA3. Finally, assessment of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive (PV) GABAergic interneurons revealed a significant increase in the density of PV+ cells in the DG of male XRCC1 KO mice, while females remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage in the forebrain alters the GABAergic neurotransmitter system and causes behavioural deficits in relation to innate and learned anxiety in a sex-dependent manner. Moreover, the data uncover a previously unappreciated connection between BER deficiency, unrepaired DNA damage in the hippocampus and a sex-specific anxiety-like phenotype with implications for the aetiology and therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Clinical performance testing of the automated haematology analyzer XN-31 prototype using whole blood samples from patients with imported malaria in Japan
Authors: Komaki-Yasuda Kanako , Kutsuna Satoshi , Kawaguchi Miki , Kamei Mina , Uchihashi Kinya , Nakamura Keiji , Nakamoto Takato , Ohmagari Norio , Kano Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The automated haematology analyzer XN-31 prototype (XN-31p) is a new flow cytometry-based device developed to measure the number and the ratio of malaria-infected red blood cells (MI-RBC) with a complete blood count (CBC). The XN-31p can provide results in about one minute and also can simultaneously provide information on the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) species. In this study, clinical testing of the XN-31p was performed using blood samples from patients with imported malaria in Japan.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 80 patients who visited the hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, for malaria diagnosis from January 2017 to January 2019. The test results by the XN-31p were compared with those by other standard methods, such as microscopic observation, rapid diagnostic tests and the nested PCR.

Results
Thirty-three patients were diagnosed by the nested PCR as being malaria positive (28 Plasmodium falciparum, 2 Plasmodium vivax, 1 Plasmodium knowlesi, 1 mixed infection of P. falciparum and Plasmodium malariae, and 1 mixed infection of P. falciparum and Plasmodium ovale), and the other 47 were negative. The XN-31p detected 32 patients as “MI-RBC positive”, which almost matched the results by the nested PCR and, in fact, completely matched with the microscopic observations. The ratio of RBCs infected with malaria parasites as determined by the XN-31p showed a high correlation coefficient of more than 0.99 with the parasitaemia counted under microscopic observation. The XN-31p can analyse the size and nucleic acid contents of each cell, and the results were visualized on a two-dimensional cytogram termed the “M scattergram”. Information on species and developmental stages of the parasites could also be predicted from the patterns visualized in the M scattergrams. The XN-31p showed a positive coincidence rate of 0.848 with the nested PCR in discriminating P. falciparum from the other species.

Conclusions
The XN-31p could rapidly provide instructive information on the ratio of MI-RBC and the infecting Plasmodium species. It was regarded to be of great help for the clinical diagnosis of malaria.
“We think about the quantity more”: factors influencing emerging adults’ food outlet choice in a university food environment, a qualitative enquiry
Authors: Mensah Daniel Opoku , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent decades, the food environment has seen rapid transformation globally, altering food availability and access along with how people interact with the food environment and make food-related choice.

Objectives & method
This explorative study aimed to identify the factors that shape the decision-making process for food outlet choices among emerging adults in a Ghanaian University food environment. The study uses focus group discussions in combination with novel dyadic interviews with best friend pairs. Verbatim transcripts were analysed thematically using NVivo 12.

Results
Drawing on socio-ecological model (SEM) of behaviour, the study used testimony from 46 participants aged 18–25, 47% female, including individuals from major ethnicities and religions in Ghana, and identified three interwoven levels of influence shaping emerging adults’ choices of food outlet. The main factors influencing food outlet choice were identified as food prices, spatial accessibility, budget, and food quantity/satiety with additional factors including hygiene, variety of foods, food quality and taste preferences as well as societal factors such as ambience and peer influence.

Conclusion
Multi-component approaches that combine structural level interventions in food retailing along with individual level components may be effective at changing emerging adult consumption behaviour in SSA, although this needs to be studied.
Long-term intra- and inter-individual biological variation of serum lipid of HIV-infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Authors: Aziz Najib , Gjertson David W. , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Azarkman Chantel D. , Soto Rey , Alexopoulos Nicole , Detels Roger 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the long-term biological coefficient of variation within individuals (CVI) and between individuals (CVG), effect of aging and cholesterol lowering drugs on blood levels of lipids in HIV-1-infected and -uninfected men.

Methods
Bloods were analyzed every six months over 17 years for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 140 HIV-uninfected (38–66 years old) and 90 HIV-treated infected (48–64 years old) white Caucasian men to examine CVI, CVG, and the effect of cholesterol lowering drugs (CLDs) on lipid levels, and estimated changes per year of biomarkers.

Results
With exception of HDL-C, the long term CVI compared with CVG were higher for serum levels of TC, TGs, and LDL-C in both HIV-1 infected and uninfected men not taking CLDs. Excluding results of TGs in HIV positive men, the CVI compared with CVG were lower for serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in both groups not taking CLDs.
There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the median serum values of lipid biomarkers among 77 HIV negative men taking and 63 not taking CLDs. Also, with exception of HDL, there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the median values of TC, TGs and LDL-C among 28 HIV positive men taking or not taking CLDs.

Conclusion
Long term CVI and CVG of biomarkers will be useful for monitoring antiviral therapy side effects on lipid profiles in HIV-infected men. CVI of HIV-infected men for TC, TGs, HDL, LDL were higher significantly than CVI of HIV-uninfected men. Interestingly the long term CVI were higher than CVG for the men, who were on CLDs compared to men not on CLDs. The long-term pattern of CVI and CVG of lipid markers in both HIV-infected and uninfected men on CLDs differed from their short-term pattern.