bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel missense variant in endothelin‐2 (EDN2) causes a growth and respiratory lethal syndrome in bovine
Authors: Eusebi Paulina G. , Cortés Óscar , Contreras Elisabeth , Cañón Javier , Dunner Susana , Sevane Natalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high level of fragmentation of the Spanish Lidia cattle breed, divided into lineages called ‘castas’ and into herds within lineages based on reproductive isolation, increases the risk of homozygosity and the outbreak of recessive genetic defects. Since 2004, an increasing number of calves have been identified in a Lidia herd with signs of severe growth retardation, respiratory alterations and juvenile lethality, which constitutes a novel inherited syndrome in cattle and was subsequently termed growth and respiratory lethal syndrome. We performed a genome‐wide association study on a cohort of 13 affected calves and 24 putative non‐carrier parents, mapping the disease to a wide 6 cM region on bovine chromosome 3 (p < 10−7). Whole genome re‐sequencing of three affected calves and three putative non‐carrier parents identified a novel missense variant (c.149G>A|p.Cys50Tyr) in exon 2 of the endothelin 2 (EDN2) gene. Bioinformatic analyses of p.Cys50Tyr effects predicted them to be damaging for both the structure and the function of the edn2 protein, and to create a new site of splicing that may also affect the pattern of pre‐mRNA splicing and exon definition. Sanger sequencing of this variant on the rest of the sample set confirmed the segregation pattern obtained with whole genome re‐sequencing. The identification of the causative variant and the development of a diagnostic genetic test enable the efficient design of matings to keep the effective population size as high as possible, as well as providing insights into the first EDN2‐associated hereditary disease in cattle or other species.
The biodiversity of birch stands in agricultural landscapes of Estonia is associated with past land use, restoration approach, site and landscape variables
Authors: Tullus Tea , Lutter Reimo , Randlane Tiina , Saag Andres , Tullus Arvo , Kaasik Ants , Sopp Reeno , Ots Katri , Kaivapalu Marju , Pärtel Meelis , Tullus Hardi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuestionsAbandonment of agricultural land followed by tree planting or natural regeneration has increased forest area in Europe. We asked how restoration approach, past land use, site and landscape variables affected the richness and composition of vascular plants (field and shrub layers), bryophytes and lichens in middle‐aged forests.LocationThirty‐three birch stands in Estonia.MethodsData were collected from stands on former agricultural land that originated from plantations (PL‐A) or natural regeneration (NR‐A), and for reference, from native forest land (NR‐F). In every stand a 10 m × 10 m survey plot was established. Generalised Linear Mixed Models were used to test the effect of restoration approach, past land use, soil, light, stand and landscape variables on species richness estimates. Compositional patterns were analysed using Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and indicator species analysis.ResultsAltogether 215 vascular plant, 70 bryophyte and 63 lichen species were found. The effects of restoration approach, past land use, and site and landscape variables on the species richness varied depending on the taxonomic and ecological groups of species. The richness of shrubs and bryophytes was higher in NR‐A than in PL‐A, and both variables were also related to soil properties. The richness of the field layer was related to past land use because previous croplands hosted fewer forest species than previous grasslands and stands on forest land. Higher current forest cover around the studied stands increased the richness of lichens, which were also affected by light and soil conditions. Species composition differed among the three stand types; however, the previous land use (agriculture vs forest) had a stronger effect than the restoration approach.ConclusionsAlthough natural forest regeneration promoted biodiversity the most, plantations also supported the recovery of biodiversity at abandoned agricultural sites. Therefore, on a regional scale both restoration approaches are recommended.
‘Internet is easy if you know how to use it’: Doing online research with people with learning disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mikulak Magdalena , Ryan Sara , Russell Siabhainn , Caton Sue , Keagan‐Bull Richard , Spalding Rebecca , Ribenfors Francesca , Hatton Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic changed the way we live, work, interact and do research. Many activities moved online, and digital inclusion became an urgent issue for researchers working with people with learning disabilities and other groups at risk of exclusion. This has generated new questions about how we conduct research and what it means to go into ‘the field’.MethodsWe discuss our experience working across four qualitative research projects involving 867 participants with learning disabilities, conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.FindingsMoving research online resulted in often‐swift adaptations to research designs and practice, bringing new insights and benefits to our studies. The changing circumstances fostered innovation and greater flexibility and contributed to research becoming more accessible to many. However, doing research online also posed new challenges as well as amplified existing ones.ConclusionsThe pandemic has made it easier for some people with learning disabilities to participate in research, but more needs to be done to improve the reach and quality of that participation. Researchers should make the process of participation as accessible as possible. It is also their job to question and challenge the conditions that create barriers to participation in research and to look for ways to change these. We make some recommendations on how this can be achieved.
Teaching dermatology to medical students: a Scoping Review of published interventional studies
Authors: Bernges Felix , Zielbauer Sebastian , Weberschock Tobias , Ochsendorf Falk 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIt is unclear how dermatology should be optimally taught to medical students. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted aiming to identify and structure all published interventional studies that investigated dermatological teaching approaches with medical students. The methodology of this scoping review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The databases Medline and Embase were searched without restriction until 30.06.2020. A categorization and a descriptive analysis of the studies published as full articles were performed. The database search yielded 36,627 hits. 114 studies met all inclusion criteria. These came from 19 countries, were mainly published since 2010 and were distributed across 64 different journals. 32 randomized controlled trials were identified. A wide variety of teaching approaches was found, including both E‐learning and conventional teaching formats. The results of the studies are presented in structured tables. This scoping review documents a large number of studies published worldwide on teaching dermatology to medical students. The teaching of dermatology appears to be successful with numerous teaching approaches, whereby interventions that incorporate didactic principles were verifiably more successful. This literature review can serve as an aid for evidence‐based teaching design in dermatology as well as a basis for future research approaches.
Dynamic lobbying: Evidence from foreign lobbying in the U.S. Congress
Authors: You Hye Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow do interest groups decide which member of Congress to target when decisions are made collectively? Do lobbying strategies change as legislation advances? Answering these questions is challenging due to a lack of systematic observations of lobbying contacts. I answer these questions using a novel data set constructed from reports submitted by lobbyists on behalf of South Korea regarding its free trade agreement with the United States for 10 years. I show that a diverse set of politicians are contacted but the timing, intensity, and strategy of lobbying contacts vary by politicians' institutional positions as well as their predisposed preferences for free trade.
Sign‐tracking modulates reward‐related neural activation to reward cues, but not reward feedback
Authors: Duckworth Jay J. , Wright Hazel , Christiansen Paul , Rose Abigail K. , Fallon Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch shows cognitive and neurobiological overlap between sign‐tracking [value‐modulated attentional capture (VMAC) by response‐irrelevant, discrete cues] and maladaptive behaviour (e.g. substance abuse). We investigated the neural correlates of sign‐tracking in 20 adults using an additional singleton task (AST) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants responded to a target to win monetary reward, the amount of which was signalled by singleton type (reward cue: high value vs. low value). Singleton responses resulted in monetary deductions. Sign‐tracking—greater distraction by high‐value vs. low‐value singletons (H > L)—was observed, with high‐value singletons producing slower responses to the target than low‐value singletons. Controlling for age and sex, analyses revealed no differential brain activity across H > L singletons. Including sign‐tracking as a regressor of interest revealed increased activity (H > L singletons) in cortico‐subcortical loops, regions associated with Pavlovian conditioning, reward processing, attention shifts and relative value coding. Further analyses investigated responses to reward feedback (H > L). Controlling for age and sex, increased activity (H > L reward feedback) was found in regions associated with reward anticipation, attentional control, success monitoring and emotion regulation. Including sign‐tracking as a regressor of interest revealed increased activity in the temporal pole, a region related to value discrimination. Results suggest sign‐tracking is associated with activation of the ‘attention and salience network’ in response to reward cues but not reward feedback, suggesting parcellation between the two at the level of the brain. Results add to the literature showing considerable overlap in neural systems implicated in reward processing, learning, habit formation, emotion regulation and substance craving.
More future synergies and less trade‐offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
Authors: Mazziotta Adriano , Lundström Johanna , Forsell Nicklas , Moor Helen , Eggers Jeannette , Subramanian Narayanan , Aquilué Núria , Morán‐Ordóñez Alejandra , Brotons Lluís , Snäll Tord 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy, and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate‐smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi‐)natural forests is a major component of “natural climate solution” (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non‐wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non‐wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020–2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade‐offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade‐offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non‐wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.
The atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palaearctic butterflies
Authors: Dapporto Leonardo , Menchetti Mattia , Vodă Raluca , Corbella Cecilia , Cuvelier Sylvain , Djemadi Imed , Gascoigne‐Pees Martin , Hinojosa Joan C. , Lam Nok Ting , Serracanta Maria , Talavera Gerard , Dincă Vlad , Vila Roger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationButterflies represent a model in biology and a flagship group for invertebrate conservation. We provide four new resources for the Western Palaearctic butterflies: (1) an updated checklist comprising 552 species; (2) a curated dataset of 32,126 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for 532 species, including a de novo reference library for the Maghreb (Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia) and Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands); (3) seven indexes of intraspecific genetic variation (IGV): observed and expected number of haplotypes, haplotype and nucleotide diversity, two fixation indexes and maximum p‐distance; and (4) species‐level maps illustrating the distribution of COI variability and haplotype networks. The updated checklist will be fundamental for any application dealing with butterfly diversity in the Western Palaearctic. The IGV indexes provide measures for genetic polymorphism and spatial structure and represent proxies for dispersal capacity. These resources will facilitate comparative studies of macrogenetics, foster integrative taxonomy and aid conservation strategies.Main types of variables containedA complete species checklist in table format, 32,126 mitochondrial DNA barcodes provided with metadata (species membership, WGS84 coordinates and sequence length) and a book in PDF format, including the IGV atlas and indexes, are provided.Spatial location and grainThe checklist encompasses Europe up to the Urals in the east, north Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands) and the Maghreb (Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia). COI sequences have been retained in the geographical interval of −31.3 to 67.5° of longitude and 27.5–71.2° of latitude.Time period and grainCOI sequences originate from studies published between 1998 and 2022 and from de novo sequencing of 2541 specimens done between 2007 and 2022.Major taxa and level of measurementButterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), analysed from individual to species level.Software formatData and functions to manage the dataset are provided in the iodatabase R package (https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase) and in Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bjj).
The ‘borderlands’ of the science–policy interface
Authors: Kass Gary , Milner Alice M , Dodds Klaus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this commentary, using the UK as our example, we focus on what we describe as the borderlands of the science–policy interface (SPI) and use two case studies to sketch out where we think there are further opportunities for geographers and others interested in advocating and engaging. As authors we bring to the topic different professional backgrounds and experiences at the SPI, ranging from ex‐Deputy Chief Scientist at Natural England with a recent secondment to Defra to two academic geographers who have worked with and for Defra to other roles including acting as specialist adviser to the Houses of Parliament. As geographers and environmental scientists, we believe that there is much to be gained by working with both policy development and practice in the pursuit of positive outcomes for economy, society and environment.
Suspicious symptom monitoring for leprosy: an optimal practice for early detection under a low endemic situation in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Shen Yun‐Liang , Kong Wen‐Ming , Yu Mei‐Wen , Wu Li‐Mei , Fei Li‐Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease that causes disabilities and deformities. Early detection is a major strategy for leprosy control. This study reported a new practice of suspicious symptom monitoring for early detection of leprosy.MethodsA descriptive and comparative analysis between a non‐strategy group of pre‐implementation of suspicious symptom monitoring in 2005–2011 and a strategy group of strategy implementation in 2012–2018 was conducted through indicators of the number of times of misdiagnoses, delayed period, proportion of early detected cases, and proportion of disabilities.ResultCompared with the non‐strategy group in 2005–2011, the median number of times of misdiagnoses was decreased from two times to zero times (z = 4.387, P < 0.001), and the median delayed period of newly detected cases were shortened from 24 months to 13 months (z = 2.381, P < 0.001), the proportion of early detected cases was increased from 43.7% to 75.2% (χ2 = 29.464, P < 0.001), the proportion of grade 2 disabilities was decreased from 28.6% in the highest year of 2005 to 4.0% in the lowest year of 2014, and the average proportion of disabilities was decreased from 33.5% to 17.6% (χ2 = 9.421, P = 0.002) in the strategy group in 2012–2018, respectively.ConclusionSuspicious symptom monitoring promoted early detection of cases by reducing the number of times misdiagnosis of leprosy patients, shortening the delayed period, increasing the proportion of early detection, and decreasing the proportion of disabilities. It is an important and recommendable public health strategy for leprosy prevention and control in a low epidemic condition.
Fc Fragment of IgE Receptor Ig (FCER1G) acts as a key gene involved in cancer immune infiltration and tumour microenvironment
Authors: Yang Riwei , Chen Zude , Liang Leqi , Ao Shan , Zhang Jinhu , Chang Zhenglin , Wang Zuomin , Zhou Yuhao , Duan Xiaolu , Deng Tuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough recent studies have revealed the relationship between Fc Fragment of IgE Receptor Ig (FCER1G) and human tumours, there is still a lack of a more comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of FCER1G as an immune‐related gene. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and prognostic value of FCER1G based on multiple databases. Subsequently, we further explored the role of FCER1G in tumour proliferation and metastasis, as well as its genomic alterations and DNA methylation levels, we next assessed the association between FCER1G and the immune infiltrating cells of the tumour microenvironment in different cancers and verified it by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between FCER1G and immune checkpoint genes expression and its predictive power in the immune checkpoint blockade treatment cohorts were used to evaluate the importance of FCER1G in immunotherapy. Enrichment analysis of FCER1G‐associated partners was also performed. In addition, we substantiated the expression of FCER1G in specific cell types of different tumours using single‐cell RNA sequencing data from different databases. Our research results showed that FCER1G is up‐regulated in most tumour. Positive associations were found between FCER1G expression and tumour prognosis, proliferation, and metastasis, we also found that FCER1G is closely related to the tumour microenvironment and tumour immunity. Moreover, FCER1G‐associated partners were enriched in pathways associated with neutrophils activation. Finally, we confirmed that FCER1G was mainly expressed in monocyte/macrophages of the tumour microenvironment. In conclusion, our findings provided a comprehensive understanding of FCER1G in oncogenesis and tumour immunology among various tumours and demonstrated its potential value in prognosis prediction and tumour immunotherapy.
Neuroinflammation: Extinguishing a blaze of T cells
Authors: Benallegue Nail , Kebir Hania , Alvarez Jorge I. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryInflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well‐protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS‐intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
Clinical manifestations of COVID‐19: An overview of 102 systematic reviews with evidence mapping
Authors: Luo Xufei , Lv Meng , Zhang Xianzhuo , Estill Janne , Yang Bo , Lei Ruobing , Ren Mengjuan , Liu Yunlan , Wang Ling , Liu Xiao , Wang Qi , Meng Min , Chen Yaolong ,   the COVID‐19 evidence and recommendations working group
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly spread worldwide, but there is so far no comprehensive analysis of all known symptoms of the disease. Our study aimed to present a comprehensive picture of the clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 using an evidence map.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library from their inception to March 16, 2021. We included systematic reviews reporting the clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 patients. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two individuals independently. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using AMSTAR. We visually presented the clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 and their prevalence.ResultsA total of 102 systematic reviews were included, of which, 68 studies (66.7%) were of high quality, 19 studies (18.6%) of medium quality, and 15 studies (14.7%) of low quality. We identified a total of 74 symptoms including 17 symptoms of the respiratory system, 21 symptoms of the neurological system, 10 symptoms of the gastrointestinal system, 16 cutaneous symptoms, and 10 ocular symptoms. The most common symptoms were fever (67 studies, ranging 16.3%–91.0%, pooled prevalence: 64.6%, 95%CI, 61.3%–67.9%), cough (68 studies, ranging 30.0%–72.2%, pooled prevalence: 53.6%, 95%CI, 52.1%–55.1%), muscle soreness (56 studies, ranging 3.0%–44.0%, pooled prevalence: 18.7%, 95%CI, 16.3%–21.3%), and fatigue (52 studies, ranging 3.3%‐58.5%, pooled prevalence: 29.4%, 95%CI, 27.5%–31.3%). The prevalence estimates for COVID‐19 symptoms were generally lower in neonates, children and adolescents, and pregnant women than in the general populations.ConclusionAt least 74 different clinical manifestations are associated with COVID‐19. Fever, cough, muscle soreness, and fatigue are the most common, but attention should also be paid to the rare symptoms that can help in the early diagnosis of the disease.