bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Hearing Preservation Outcomes After Vestibular Schwannoma Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Berger Assaf , Alzate Juan Diego , Bernstein Kenneth , Mullen Reed , McMenomey Sean , Jethanemest Daniel , Friedmann David R. , Smouha Eric , Sulman Erik P. , Silverman Joshua S. , Roland J. Thomas , Golfinos John G. , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
For patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has proven effective in controlling tumor growth while hearing preservation remains a key goal.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate hearing outcomes in the modern era of cochlear dose restriction.

METHODS:
During the years 2013 to 2018, 353 patients underwent Gamma knife surgery for VS at our institution. We followed 175 patients with pre-SRS serviceable hearing (Gardner–Robertson Score, GR 1 and 2). Volumetric and dosimetry data were collected, including biological effective dose, integral doses of total and intracanalicular tumor components, and hearing outcomes.

RESULTS:
The mean age was 56 years, 74 patients (42%) had a baseline GR of 2, and the mean cochlear dose was 3.5 Gy. The time to serviceable hearing loss (GR 3-4) was 38 months (95% CI 26-46), with 77% and 62% hearing preservation in the first and second years, respectively. Patients optimal for best hearing outcomes were younger than 58 years with a baseline GR of 1, free canal space ≥0.041 cc (diameter of 4.5 mm), and mean cochlear dose <3.1 Gy. For such patients, hearing preservation rates were 92% by 12 months and 81% by 2 years, staying stable for >5 years post-SRS, significantly higher than the rest of the population.

CONCLUSION:
Hearing preservation after SRS for patients with VS with serviceable hearing is correlated to the specific baseline GR score (1 or 2), age, cochlear dose, and biological effective dose. Increased tumor-free canal space correlates with better outcomes. The most durable hearing preservation correlates with factors commonly associated with smaller tumors away from the cochlea.
CFD Simulation of Solid and Non-Newtonian Fluid Two-Phase Flow in Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Wu Binxin , Deng Xin , Li Weixiang , Kariyama Ibrahim Denka , Chen Long , Yu Shaoqi , Qi Rui , Zhang Hao , Li Xiaxia , Lin Jian 
Published: August 2022

A CFD model is used to study solid suspension in anaerobic digesters.Simulations of solid and non-Newtonian fluid two-phase flow are performed.Minimum impeller speed for avoiding solid accumulation in the digester is proposed.Major issues arising from the simulation results are discussed.Abstract. A principal goal of solid-liquid flow modelling is to predict the minimum power consumption for avoiding solid accumulation in stirred reactors. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to characterize solid suspension in anaerobic digesters with mechanical mixers where the liquid phase exhibited non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The commercial CFD code Fluent 16.0 was utilized to solve the multiphase flow. The impeller torque and cloud height as a function of impeller speed in a small tank were validated against the experimental data from the literature. The simulation results demonstrate that the impeller torques from CFD modeling match perfectly with those from measurements, and that the predicted cloud heights agree reasonably well with the measured ones. The solid-liquid flow in a large egg-shaped digester with a mechanical draft tube mixer was modeled where the impeller speed ranged from 400 to 750 rpm at 50 rpm increments. A combination of tangent line and uniformity index methods was used to predict the minimum impeller speed to maintain solid suspension in the digester. Moreover, the major issues arising from results were discussed. Keywords: Anaerobic digester, Computational fluid dynamics, Multiphase flow, Non-Newtonian fluid, Solid suspension.
Advances in novel activation methods to perform green organic synthesis using recyclable heteropolyacid catalysis
Authors: Ruiz Diego M. , Pasquale Gustavo A. , Martínez José J. , Romanelli Gustavo P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Highly functionalized, high value added bioactive molecules are generally obtained by synthetic procedures that are highly selective, economical, with high atom economy, and environmentally friendly. Following these guidelines, the use of recoverable solid catalysts, nonpolluting substrates, or toxic organic solvent contributes greatly to these demands. In the last three decades, heteropolyacids (HPAs) and its derivatives have received great attention as recyclable solid catalysts, due to their strong Brönsted acidity, excellent oxidizing capacity under mild conditions, and various reuse cycles without appreciable loss of their catalytic activity. However, new activation methods should be investigated to improve the sustainability of a process using HPAs. In this review, we report the latest advances associated with the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules using more energy efficient alternatives such as microwaves, ultrasound, mechanochemistry, and photochemistry to minimize the energy consumption associated with organic synthesis. The transformations studied include construction reaction, heterocycle synthesis, selective oxidation, and biomass recovery.
The investigation of the frequency of the alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Afsharinasab Mehdi , Akbari Amir Hossein , Mirzaei Vahid , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Hajizadeh Mohammad Reza , Amri Jamal , Khoshdel Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) has different phenotypes. Evidence suggests that the abundance of each of these phenotypes may be associated with a disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of AAT phenotypes in patients with liver cirrhosis as well as in healthy individuals.

Methods
In this study, 42 patients with liver cirrhosis were selected. The results of the previous research done by the researcher on healthy individuals were used to construct the control group. After obtaining informed consent, 5 mL of fasting venous blood sample was taken, and phenotypes were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests at a significant level of 0.05.

Results
The results of this study indicated that all 42 healthy subjects had an MM allele (100%). However, among 42 patients, 35 (83.3%) had an MM allele, 5 (11.9%) had an MS allele, and 2 (4.8%) had MZ allele. The difference between the two groups was significant (p=0.02). There was no difference between men and women in the allele type (p=0.557).

Conclusions
This study revealed that MS and MZ alleles were observed only in patients with liver cirrhosis, and none of these alleles were found in healthy subjects. Therefore, MS and MZ alleles can be further investigated as risk factors for liver cirrhosis.
Tracing Maize History in Northern Iroquoia Through Radiocarbon Date Summed Probability Distributions
Authors: Hart John P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The evolution of maize as an organism, its spread as an agricultural crop, and the evolution of Native American maize-based agricultural systems are topics of research throughout the Western Hemisphere. Maize was adopted in Northern Iroquoia, comprising portions of present-day New York, Ontario, and Québec by 300 BC. By the fourteenth-century AD, maize accounted for >50 to >70% of ancestral Iroquoian diets. Was this major commitment to maize agriculture a gradual incremental evolution, or was there a rapid increase in commitment to maize-based agriculture around AD 1000 as traditional archaeological narratives suggest? Summed probability distributions of direct radiocarbon dates on maize macrobotanical remains and cooking residues containing maize phytoliths combined with maize macrobotanical maize densities at sites and previously published stable isotope values on human bone collagen used with Bayesian dietary mixing models and cooking residues show an initial increase in maize use at AD 1200–1250 and a subsequent increase at AD 1400–1450. These results indicate maize history in Northern Iroquoia followed an exponential growth curve, consistent with Rindos’ (1984) model of agricultural evolution.
Implicações Odontológicas Oriundas do Acometimento pelo Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio 
Published: August 2022

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) mostra-se correlacionado a fatores de ordem biológica e neurológica, relacionando-se ao desenvolvimento neurológico, promovendo a instalação de um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento, constituindo um transtorno neuropsiquiátrico e consta de acometimento complexo oriundo de modificações no comportamento envolvendo limitações motoras. Os achados bucais em pacientes com TEA podem englobar o acometimento por cárie dentária, doenças periodontais, bruxismo, maloclusão, estiramento da língua, hábitos parafuncionais, episódios de ocorrência de trauma na região dos lábios e gengiva e ato de pressionar a língua contra a região dos elementos dentários. O objetivo do presente artigo foi evidenciar como podem proceder as repercussões orais e as manifestações bucais em decorrência do acometimento pelo Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O papel do cirurgião dentista deverá ser o de possuir conhecimento e conscientização prévios acerca das possíveis manifestações bucais do TEA para que possa realizar suas condutas nesses indivíduos de forma correta. Os responsáveis e cuidadores legais desses pacientes devem ser embasados acerca da importância da realização de técnicas corretas e vigorosas de higienização oral, almejando preventivamente evitar agravantes com piora no quadro periodontal. Concluiu-se que uma abordagem multiprofissional precoce, onde se insere a figura do cirurgião dentista possibilita a minimização de complicações e agravantes ocasionados pela doença, possibilitando melhor qualidade de vida aos indivíduos afligidos.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Omicron Surge among Patients Receiving Dialysis: The Role of Circulating Receptor-Binding Domain Antibodies and Vaccine Doses
Authors: Montez-Rath Maria E. , Garcia Pablo , Han Jialin , Cadden LinaCel , Hunsader Patti , Morgan Curt , Kerschmann Russell , Beyer Paul , Dittrich Mary , Block Geoffrey A. , Parsonnet Julie , Chertow Glenn M. , Anand Shuchi 
Published: August 2022

Significance Statement
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enters a potentially endemic phase, with fewer community-level mitigation approaches, clinical parameters that indicate heightened infection risk can guide targeted provision of additional vaccine doses, or other protective measures, among patients receiving dialysis. In our prospective cohort study of 3576 patients, three doses of mRNA vaccines enhanced protection against infection during the Omicron-dominant period in the United States. Irrespective of number of vaccine doses, however, patients with circulating receptor-binding domain semiquantitative index values <506 BAU/ml had a two- to three-fold higher risk for infection than patients with higher values. Low circulating antibody levels can inform need and timing of further vaccine doses or monoclonal antibodies to reduce risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients receiving dialysis.

Background
It is unclear whether circulating antibody levels conferred protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients receiving dialysis during the Omicron-dominant period.

Methods
We followed monthly semiquantitative SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG index values in a randomly selected nationwide cohort of patients receiving dialysis and ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron-dominant period of December 25, 2021 to January 31, 2022 using electronic health records. We estimated the relative risk for documented SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status and by circulating RBD IgG using a log-binomial model accounting for age, sex, and prior COVID-19.

Results
Among 3576 patients receiving dialysis, 901 (25%) received a third mRNA vaccine dose as of December 24, 2021. Early antibody responses to third doses were robust (median peak index IgG value at assay limit of 150). During the Omicron-dominant period, SARS-CoV-2 infection was documented in 340 (7%) patients. Risk for infection was higher among patients without vaccination and with one to two doses (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.8, and RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8 versus three doses, respectively). Irrespective of the number of vaccine doses, risk for infection was higher among patients with circulating RBD IgG <23 (506 BAU/ml) (RR range, 2.1 to 3.2, 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.4 and 95% CI, 2.2 to 4.5, respectively) compared with RBD IgG ≥23.

Conclusions
Among patients receiving dialysis, a third mRNA vaccine dose enhanced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron-dominant period, but a low circulating RBD antibody response was associated with risk for infection independent of the number of vaccine doses. Measuring circulating antibody levels in this high-risk group could inform optimal timing of vaccination and other measures to reduce risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Administration of Coumestrol and/or Dimethyl Sulfoxide Affects Vaginal Epithelium and Sex Hormones in Female Dog
Authors: Peña-Corona S.I. , León-Ortiz P. , Villanueva-Martínez M. , Mendoza-Rodríguez C.A. , Martínez-Maya J.J. , Serrano H. , Vargas-Estrada D. , Villa-Godoy A. 
Published: August 2022

Background: The overpopulation of free dogs represents a risk to public health in some countries. However, current strategies for its control are insufficient; it is convenient to devise new alternatives. Methods: To determine the effects of a single oral administration of coumestrol (COU) on vaginal epithelial cells, serum progesterone and estradiol levels and clinical parameters: periovulatory bitches received a biscuit that contained 600 mg COU/kg diluted in DMSO or with DMSO alone or without additives. Each group was subdivided into animals that had ovulated on day 0 and those that had not. Result: In animals that ovulated, COU did not affect hormonal profiles. In contrast, animals that did not ovulate showed lower circulating P4 concentrations on days 21 and 28 after treatment than the control group. Furthermore, COU reduced parabasal cells and increased superficial anucleate cells. COU and DMSO are estrogenic and their actions depend on the ovulatory status of the animals.
Reaction of Chickpea Germplasm Lines against Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and its Management using Bioagents under Field Condition
Authors: Lala Rayanta Kumar , Ghosh S. Mondal , Chakraborty G. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important food legumes grown worldwide. Its cultivation in India is hampered considerably due to regular occurrence of root knot nematode and reported to reduce the chickpea yield by 9-40%. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate some chickpea germplasm for resistance against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The field experiment was also conducted for the management of root-knot nematode infesting chickpea with seven treatments including an untreated control. Mainly the experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of some biopesticides. Result: The screening result revealed that none of the germplasm was found highly resistant against the root knot nematode, however three germplasms exhibited moderately resistant reaction having root gall index between 2.1 to 3.0. All the treatments were significantly superior over the untreated control in reducing the root-knot nematode population, gall index and increasing yield of chickpea at termination. However, soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 g/m2 + Neem cake @ 100 g/m2 was found to be the most effective in reducing root-knot nematode population (47.88%) and increasing the yield of chickpea (50.20%) at termination. This was followed by soil application of Perpureocillium lilacinum @ 20 g/m2 + Neem Cake @ 100 g/m2. The reduction in root knot nematode population and increase of yield over control were 37.46% and 36.40% respectively.
Science teachers’ opinions on socio-scientific issues
Authors: Fani Hanife , Armağan Fulya Öner 
Published: August 2022

Socio-scientific issues take their content from situations that can be encountered in daily life. Therefore, teaching these subjects is among the important aims of science education. This study aims to determine the views of science teachers on socio-scientific issues. The study was carried out with 26 science teachers (18 women and 8 men) working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the city centre of Kayseri in the 2020–2021 academic year. Open-ended document questions were used as a data collection tool in the study. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the qualitative data obtained in the study. It was concluded that some science teachers did not take any courses related to socio-scientific issues and their teaching in education faculties during their undergraduate education, while the content of existing courses only provided information on some socio-scientific issues.

Keywords: Science education, science teachers, socio-scientific issues;
The Application of "Two-line and Six-stage" Teaching Mode in Teaching Human Anatomy in Nursing
Authors: Jin Xiaofeng , Chen Feier , Wu Chuanling , Duan Kaixuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Human Anatomy always causes major hindrances to the learning of nursing students. We designed this study to observe the effectiveness of the "two-line and six-stage" (TLSS) teaching mode based on model making in teaching Human Anatomy in nursing.Methods: One class in the nursing major in Grade 20 was randomly selected as the control group, in which the traditional teaching mode was adopted; while, another class in the same major and grade was selected as the observation group, in which the TLSS teaching mode was adopted. After the course teaching was completed, these students in both groups were compared from the perspective of the final theoretical examination and physical specimen assessment. Besides, the evaluation of the teaching effectiveness of these students from both groups was also investigated. Results: The observation group outperformed the control group in both theoretical examination and physical specimen assessment, which was specifically manifested in six evaluation items, including the novelty of teaching methods, the elimination of the difficult points of the course, the mobilization of the learning enthusiasm, the interestingness of the course teaching, its effects on clinical thinking training, and the interpretation of the knowledge. Conclusion: The TLSS teaching mode based on model making can improve the effectiveness in teaching Human Anatomy.
Shared Rules between Planetary Orbits in Multi-planet Systems
Authors: Ma Yong , Wen Xiumei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough Mean Motion Resonances (MMRs) only reflect the orbital relations between part planets of some systems, the discovery of MMRs feature has promotes the study of the evolution of multi-planet systems. To better study orbital relations between all planets, we calculated planetary observation data of all multi-planet systems with the concept of ratio parameter and deviation rate. In this way, orbital relations between all planets of any system can be displayed in a clearer quantification way, including MMRs planets. Through comparing ratio parameters and counting deviation rates, we found more orbital features and summarized them into the Shared Rules between Planetary Orbits. The Shared Rules describe common regularities between planetary orbits, embodying the essence of logarithmic spiral. From the Shared Rules, we derived related equations and principles. We will show explanations. Although all systems are controlled by the same central gravitation, not every system clearly displays the Shared Rules because of varying disturbances and observation limitations. Calculations show, of the discovered 96 systems containing four and more exoplanets, 83 display the Shared Rules. Of the 335 period ratios consisting of 431 confirmed exoplanets of the 96 systems, 16.12% ratios show the absolute values of the deviation rates bigger than 40 per cent. Big deviation rates usually suggest some influences, imply planetary absence and migration, and affect the display of the Shared Rules. The Shared Rules can help to show planet migration and absence, calculate the orbits of migratory, disappeared and undetected planets, learn about the changes of planetary configurations, and study the evolution of multi-planet systems.
User Authentication and Verification API with Facial and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Ghann Patricia , Owiredu Joseph Ohene , laryea Samuel Afotey , Bonsu Priscilla , Kabu Leticia Mamley , Tornyie Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using passwords, pin-codes, facial recognition, voice recognition, and the OTP (One Time Password) two-way verification protocol, work fine but are subject to easy access due to human errors. Thus, it is very easy for a hacker to gain access to systems using social engineering techniques. According to SANs, the weakest vulnerability in every system is the end user. We propose a system to patch and reduce the human errors that make these user authentication and verification systems vulnerable. A proposed security API system, verifies user identity remotely and instantaneously using artificial intelligence and facial recognition authentication process where a real-time image and video feed of the user’s face will be matched by comparing the records of the user in a software’s database (three-way verification). This is different from the usual facial recognition system as it uses real-time facial gestures by using different levels of security during user authentication and verification. The standard password authentication is an auxiliary to this new type of authentication, where the two-factor authentication is taken into consideration. The real-time face capture does not take pictures but rather records the facial gestures of the end-user. This is done to prevent hackers from using images to trick the system into thinking the authentication is satisfied. According to research, it is realized that people give out their passwords and pin-codes to others to perform transactions on their behalf. For example, in the case of banking, a user can give out his or her banking credentials to his or her friend to make a withdrawal on his or her behalf. In this scenario, there is no way the banking system will be able to identify the person making the withdrawal since it assumes it is the actual customer due to a successful login. The propose system eliminates these flaws in existing authentication systems by adding a visual authentication.
‘Mover’ a Centralized Job Scheduling and Rapid Routing Solution
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Junejo Faraz , Amin Imran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper covers the design, algorithm and simulation of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) designed for Pakistani industries. The AGV is named as ‘Mover’ and it is designed to carry a load of 30Kg in shortest time possible. Two algorithms were studied and implemented to test its overall productivity. Shortest Job First (SJF) schedules maximum number of jobs in given shift time, based on production time of each job on each station. These scheduled jobs then transported to individual workstations using shortest path using A* routing algorithm. The simulation results state that the comparison between a Mover having capabilities of scheduling and shortest part following with manual labour display a difference of around 80% when it comes to efficiency in a production line. Furthermore, the results also that single AGV processed jobs with 95% efficiency while the two labour processed same jobs with 10.85% of efficiency rate