bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dietary Management Using Artificial Intelligence and Human Interventions: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Okaniwa Fusae , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Background
There has been an increase in personal health records with the increased use of wearable devices and smartphone apps to improve health. Traditional health promotion programs by human professionals have limitations in terms of cost and reach. Due to labor shortages and to save costs, there has been a growing emphasis in the medical field on building health guidance systems using artificial intelligence (AI). AI will replace advanced human tasks to some extent in the future. However, it is difficult to sustain behavioral change through technology alone at present.

Objective
This study investigates whether AI alone can effectively encourage healthy behaviors or whether human interventions are needed to achieve and sustain health-related behavioral change. We examined the effectiveness of AI and human interventions to encourage dietary management behaviors. In addition, we elucidated the conditions for maximizing the effect of AI on health improvement. We hypothesized that the combination of AI and human interventions will maximize their effectiveness.

Methods
We conducted a 3-month experiment by recruiting participants who were users of a smartphone diet management app. We recruited 102 participants and divided them into 3 groups. Treatment group I received text messages using the standard features of the app (AI-based text message intervention). Treatment group II received video messages from a companion, in addition to the text messages (combined text message and human video message intervention by AI). The control group used the app to keep a dietary record, but no feedback was provided (no intervention). We examine the participants’ continuity and the effects on physical indicators.

Results
Combined AI and video messaging (treatment group II) led to a lower dropout rate from the program compared to the control group, and the Cox proportional-hazards model estimate showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.078, which was statistically significant at the 5% level. Further, human intervention with AI and video messaging significantly reduced the body fat percentage (BFP) of participants after 3 months compared to the control group, and the rate of reduction was greater in the group with more individualized intervention. The AI-based text messages affected the BMI but had no significant effect on the BFP.

Conclusions
This experiment shows that it is challenging to sustain participants' healthy behavior with AI intervention alone. The results also suggest that even if the health information conveyed is the same, the information conveyed by humans and AI is more effective in improving health than the information sent by AI alone. The support received from the companion in the form of video messages may have promoted voluntary health behaviors. It is noteworthy that companions were competent, even though they were nonexperts. This means that person-to-person communication is crucial for health interventions.
Vascular Aging Estimation Based on Artificial Neural Network Using Photoplethysmogram Waveform Decomposition: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Park Junyung , Shin Hangsik 
Published: March 2022

Background
For the noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness, a well-known indicator of arterial aging, various features based on the photoplethysmogram and regression methods have been proposed. However, whether because of the existing characteristics not accurately reflecting the characteristics of the incident and reflected waveforms of the photoplethysmogram or because of the lack of expressive power of the regression model, a reliable arterial stiffness assessment technique based on a single photoplethysmogram has not yet been proposed.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to discover highly correlated features from the incident and reflected waves decomposed from a photoplethysmogram waveform and to develop an artificial neural network-based regression model for the assessment of vascular aging using newly derived features.

Methods
We obtained photoplethysmograms from 757 participants. All recorded photoplethysmograms were segmented for each beat, and each waveform was decomposed into incident and reflected waves by the Gaussian mixture model. The 26 basic features and 52 combined features were defined from the morphological characteristics of the incident and reflected waves. The regression model of the artificial neural network was developed using the defined features.

Results
In correlation analysis, the features from the amplitude of the reflected wave and the skewness of the photoplethysmogram showed a relatively strong correlation with the participant’s real age. In the estimation of real age, the artificial neural network model showed 10.0 years of root mean square error. Its estimated age and real age had a strong correlation of 0.63 (P<.001).

Conclusions
This study proved that the features defined from the reflected wave and skewness of the photoplethysmogram are useful to assess vascular aging. Moreover, the regression model of artificial neural network using these features shows the feasibility for the estimation of vascular aging.
App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ramos Giovanni , Aguilera Adrian , Montoya Amanda , Lau Anna , Wen Chu Yin , Cruz Torres Victor , Chavira Denise 
Published: March 2022

Background
People of color (POC) who experience race-related stress are at risk of developing mental health problems, including high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Mindfulness meditation may be especially well suited to help POC cope, given its emphasis on gaining awareness and acceptance of emotions associated with discriminatory treatment. However, mindfulness meditation rarely reaches POC, and digital approaches could reduce this treatment gap by addressing traditional barriers to care.

Objective
This study will test the effectiveness of a self-directed app-based mindfulness meditation program among POC who experience elevated levels of race-related stress. Implementation outcomes such as treatment acceptability, adherence, and satisfaction will be examined.

Methods
Participants (n=80) will be recruited online by posting recruitment materials on social media and sending emails to relevant groups. In-person recruitment will consist of posting flyers in communities with significant POC representation. Eligible participants will be block randomized to either the intervention group (n=40) that will complete a self-directed 4-week mindfulness meditation program or a wait-list control condition (n=40) that will receive access to the app after study completion. All participants will complete measures at baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment. Primary outcomes include changes in stress, anxiety, and depression, and secondary outcomes constitute changes in mindfulness, self-compassion, rumination, emotion suppression, and experiential avoidance. Exploratory analyses will examine whether changes in the secondary outcomes mediate changes in primary outcomes. Finally, treatment acceptability, adherence, and satisfaction will be examined descriptively.

Results
Recruitment began in October 2021. Data will be analyzed using multilevel modeling, a statistical methodology that accounts for the dependence among repeated observations. Considering attrition issues in self-directed digital interventions and their potential effects on statistical significance and treatment effect sizes, we will examine data using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this will be the first study to provide data on the effectiveness of a self-directed app-based mindfulness meditation program for POC recruited based on elevated race-related stress, a high-risk population. Similarly, meaningful clinical targets for POC affected by stressors related to race will be examined. Findings will provide important information regarding whether this type of intervention is an acceptable treatment among these marginalized groups.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05027113; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05027113

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/35196
Effectiveness of Serious Games for Improving Executive Functions Among Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Alhuwail Dari , Ahmed Arfan , Househ Mowafa 
Published: March 2022

Background
Executive functions are one of the known cognitive abilities that decline with age. They are the high-order cognitive processes that enable an individual to concentrate, plan, and take action. Serious games, which are games developed for specific purposes other than entertainment, could play a positive role in improving executive functions. Several systematic reviews have pooled the evidence about the effectiveness of serious games in improving executive functions; however, they are limited by some weaknesses.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of serious games for improving executive functions among older adults with cognitive impairment.

Methods
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. To retrieve relevant studies, 8 electronic databases were searched. Further, reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews were screened, and we checked studies that cited our included studies. Two reviewers independently checked the eligibility of the studies, extracted data from the included studies, assessed the risk of bias, and appraised the quality of the evidence. We used a narrative and statistical approach, as appropriate, to synthesize results of the included studies.

Results
Of 548 publications identified, 16 RCTs were eventually included in this review. Of the 16 studies, 14 studies were included in 6 meta-analyses. Our meta-analyses showed that serious games are as effective as no or passive interventions at improving executive functions (P=.29). Surprisingly, conventional exercises were more effective than serious games at improving executive functions (P=.03). Our subgroup analysis showed that both types of serious games (cognitive training games, P=.08; exergames, P=.16) are as effective as conventional exercises at improving executive functions. No difference was found between adaptive serious games and nonadaptive serious games for improving executive functions (P=.59).

Conclusions
Serious games are not superior to no or passive interventions and conventional exercises at improving executive functions among older adults with cognitive impairment. However, our findings remain inconclusive due to the low quality of the evidence, the small sample size in most included studies, and the paucity of studies included in the meta-analyses. Accordingly, until more robust evidence is available, serious games should not be offered by health care providers nor used by patients for improving executive functions among older adults with cognitive impairment. Further reviews are needed to assess the long-term effect of serious games on specific executive functions or other cognitive abilities among people from different age groups with or without cognitive impairment.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021272757; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=272757
QUALITY STANDARDIZATION OF LONGAN SEED EXTRACT (EUPHORIA LONGAN STEND)
Authors: RATNAH ST. , SALASA ALFRIDA MONICA 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Economic development in urban areas is a big attraction that causes urbanization so that the population increases. This has an impact on health, including skin health. One of the skin disorders is acne. Acne can be overcome with the use of traditional medicine. Longan Fruit Seed Extract contains phytochemical compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to obtain scientific data on the standardization of the quality of longan seed extract.
Methods: Longan seeds were made simplicia, extracted by sokhletasi method and tested for standardization of extract quality.
Results: The results of this study for specific parameters obtained extract identity, organoleptic test data form thick (sticky), glossy brown color, has a distinctive odor like longan flesh and sweet taste. The content of water-soluble compounds was 67.02±1.84, ethanol-soluble was 25.62±0.57. The total flavonoid content calculated as quercetin was 0.27±0.041. Non-specific parameters obtained data on water content 27.80 %±0.82, total ash content 1.58%±0.05, acid insoluble ash content 0.066 %±0.04, ALT 64x102 colonies/g, AKK 7x102 colonies/g, 0.0094 ppm Hg, 0.96 ppm As and 0.031 ppm Pb.
Conclusion: Longan seed extract meets the requirements for standardization of extract quality.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION DUE TO LOW HAEMOGLOBIN COUNT
Authors: S. HARIKRISHNAN , SUMEDHA  , ANAND VIJAY 
Published: March 2022

Objective: It has been shown that low haemoglobin count is associated with psychological consequences and psychiatric morbidity. The association between low haemoglobin count and psychological depression has not been properly interpreted with standard values. Hence the purpose of this pilot study is to know whether there is a relation between the haemoglobin levels and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders and morbidities.
To find out if there is any relationship between low haemoglobin count and depression in a rural healthcare setup.
Methods: Patients from the Psychiatry Department in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were taken. Adults over the age of 18 were included. The period between the months September 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of psychiatric depression and their associated blood haemoglobin values.
Results: Among the other types of psychiatric disorders, the female patients with low haemoglobin count were associated with a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders, depression and adjustment disorders. Furthermore, patients with normal haemoglobin levels were associated with a significantly lower risk of psychiatric morbidities.
Conclusion: The undergone study indicates that patients with psychiatric disorders such as depression, adjustment disorders and anxiety are related with significantly low haemoglobin counts in women and not in men.
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA AND MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA IN MICE
Authors: KHARE PRAGATI , KISHORE KAMAL , SHARMA DINESH KUMAR 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia, which belongs to Leguminosae and Sapotaceae, respectively, is traditionally used in India for the cure of many diseases. This study represents the result of acute oral toxicity of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia on swiss albino mice.
Methods: Following acute oral administration of 2500 mg/kg crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia to swiss albino mice, no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects were observed.
Results: The results of this study agree with those of in vitro experiments, indicating that the use of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia leaves is scientifically validated.
Conclusion: The result was in agreement with that of in vitro experiments, whereby the crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia did not show toxicity. Based on the outcome of acute toxicity in experimental mice, the crude extracts of both Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia could be regarded as safe in experimental mice. Further toxicity study over a longer period of time involving detection of effects on vital organ functions would ensure that the plants are safe for human consumption.
A review of stakeholder recommendations for defining fit-for-purpose real-world evidence algorithms
Authors: Beyrer Julie , Abedtash Hamed , Hornbuckle Kenneth , Murray James F 
Published: March 2022

Aim:The credibility and value of real-world evidence (RWE) are either supported or undermined by the algorithms (i.e., operational definitions) used.Methods:We conducted a targeted evidence review of key RWE decision makers' published recommendations on RWE algorithms through April 2021. Stakeholders were regulatory bodies, other governmental agencies and payer organizations.Results:Our review identified recommended criteria: relevance, validity, reliability, responsiveness, transparency and replicability, safety, feasibility and quality process. Stakeholders routinely recommended accuracy measures, subgroups evaluation and specific considerations for assessing exposures and covariates and the underlying real-world data (RWD) quality.Conclusion:The importance of stakeholder guidance on fit-for-purpose RWE algorithms is growing. We highlight gaps that future guidance and stakeholder recommendations could address.
An approach to modeling the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers at an oil refinery
Authors: Samarin I. V. , Kryuchkov A. V. , Strogonov A. Yu. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The authors draw attention to the importance of the pre-explosive concentration detectors to assure the fire safety (FS) of fire and explosion hazardous facilities at oil refineries. The problem of the principle of pla­cing detectors close to sources of potential leaks is identified. The subject of research is the process of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers and their detectors installed around open-air facilities (OAF).Theoretical fundamentals. The notion of the discipline of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers is addressed in this section. The authors justify the choice of this type of devices according to the classification based on physical methods of analysis. Maintenance as a process, focused on the fire and explosion safety at oil refineries, depends on environmental and meteorological parameters, as well as the parameters of the process equipment. The release of catalytic poisons in the process of oil refining at OAFs, which negatively affect the sensitive elements (SE) of thermochemical detectors, and weather conditions may reduce calibration adjustment intervals or cause an accelerated failure of sensitive elements. The impact of environmental factors makes it necessary to adjust the detector calibration dates with account taken of the standard ones specified in the engineering documentation.Research results. The work sets the goals in terms of the values of the function of groups of parameters that substantiate the implementation of measures focused on the maintenance of detectors in the condition required by the documentation. The maintenance evaluation criterion is expressed as a vector of objective functions that convey the dependencies between groups of climatic, personnel work performance, specific, and other parameters. The integral criterion of the maintenance efficiency is provided in the form of a rectangular matrix and a convolution that takes into account three vectors of objective functions. The discipline of the maintenance of gas analyzers is presented in the form of a discrete subprocess of the process of fire and explosion safety assurance.Conclusions. This research work addresses an approach to modeling the discipline of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers installed around the open-air facilities (OAF) of an oil refinery. In further studies it is necessary to analyze the spatial location of the gas analyzer detectors to determine their number depending on the perimeter of the oil refinery’s open-air facilities.
Pseudodiverticulose intramural do esôfago
Authors: Mazucato Juliana , Ferrarezi Fernando Carpentieri , Almodova Emiliano de Carvalho , Luiza Cavalero de Lima  
Published: March 2022

Relato de dois casos de Pseudodiverticulose Intramural do Esôfago (PDIE), doença rara, com outros 240 casos relatados em toda literatura mundial desde 1960. Sua etiologia e patogênese ainda não são completamente conhecidas, porém, acredita-se que haja uma hipertrofia das glândulas submucosas com inflamação crônica, fibrose e consequente estenose esofágica, causando disfagia, que é a principal manifestação da PDIE. O exame radiológico do esôfago com contraste baritado (Esofagograma) e a Endoscopia Digestiva Alta (EDA) são os principais métodos de diagnostico. Os dois casos relatados foram tratados com dilatação endoscópica. Exemplificando a segurança e efetividade de tal opção terapêutica para o tratamento da disfagia nestes indivíduos.
The Role of Gender in the Aggressive Questioning of CEOs During Earnings Conference Calls
Authors: Comprix Joseph , Lopatta Kerstin , Tideman Sebastian A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of gender on the aggressiveness of sell-side analysts' questions during earnings conference calls. Our tests reveal that the verbal aggressiveness of analysts' questions is significantly associated with both the gender of the analyst asking the question and the gender of the CEO fielding the question. First, we find that male analysts are more verbally aggressive than female analysts. Specifically, male analysts' questions are more direct and more likely to be followed with further questions, to have a preface statement, and to be negative, all of which are consistent with verbal aggressiveness. Second, male analysts' questions to female CEOs are more aggressive than their questions to male CEOs. Gender-based verbal aggressiveness appears to be associated with analysts' career trajectories: female analysts who ask aggressive questions have a higher likelihood of becoming “star” analysts, whereas we fail to find such evidence for male analysts.
JEL Classifications: D83; J16; M14; M40; M41; Z13.
Hyperparathyroidism and Associated Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Memon Shoukat , Alam Ashar , Saeed Faiza , Chughtai Javeria , Imtiaz Salman , Ahmed Shahzad , Tariq Sobia 
Published: March 2022

Background: The normal axis of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) come under stress when chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses beyond stage 3(GFR<30 ml/kg/1.732). This results in increased secretion of iPTH which is known as secondary hyperparathyroidism. This exacerbates further if simultaneous deficiency of nutritional vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) is also found. Secondary hyperparathyroidism results in vascular calcification and increases cardiac mortality. Early intervention in form of dietary modification (low phosphorus, low potassium), correcting vitamin D deficiency along with the addition of active vitamin D (calcitriol) would help in alleviating patients’ suffering and saving costs as well.
Material and method: This study was conducted from Jan 2017 to Jan 2018 at The Indus Hospital, Karachi with the age group ≥14 years of either gender who were suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients on dialysis, chronic liver disease, and vitamin D supplementation were excluded. Their history, demographic, BMI, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase, 25-Hyydorxyvitamin D, albumin, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were all noted.
Results: 265 patients were enrolled for final analysis in this data with a male to female ratio of 1:1.03 (146/121). Hyperparathyroidism (iPTH> 68 pg/ml) was seen in 190 (71.2%) patients. Mean values of all quantitative variables were not statistically significant when compared hyper parathyroid with normal parathyroid. Hyperparathyroidism was found significant in late CKD in comparison to early CKD (P-value <.001), While vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with hyperparathyroidism in early CKD but not in late CKD.
Conclusion: Hyperparathyroidism is significantly present in CKD which is contributed by CKD progression and vitamin D deficiency.