bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales for Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Schwartz Lisa A , Lewis Amanda M , Alderfer Melissa A , Vega Gabriela , Barakat Lamia P , King-Dowling Sara , Psihogios Alexandra M , Canter Kimberly S , Crosby Lori , Arasteh Kamyar , Enlow Paul , Hildenbrand Aimee K , Kassam-Adams Nancy , Pai Ahna , Phan Thao-Ly , Price Julia , Schultz Corinna L , Sood Erica , Wood Jordan , Kazak Anne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
To understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adolescents and young adults (AYAs), we adapted the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS; Kazak et al., 2021) for AYAs. Here, we report on the development, structure, and psychometric properties of the CEFIS-AYA.

Methods
The CEFIS-AYA was developed by a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team using a rapid iterative process. Data from 3,912 AYAs from 21 programs at 16 institutions across the United States were collected from May 2020 to April 2021. We examined the underlying structure of the CEFIS-AYA using principal component analysis (PCA), calculated internal consistencies, and explored differences in scores by gender and age.

Results
Participants reported exposure to a range of COVID-19-related events (M = 9.08 events, of 28). On the bidirectional 4-point Impact scale, mean item scores were mostly above the midpoint, indicating a slightly negative impact. Kuder–Richardson 20/Cronbach’s Alpha was good for Exposure (α = .76) and excellent for Impact (α = .93). PCA identified seven factors for Exposure (Severe COVID-19, Loss of Income, Limited Access to Essentials, COVID-19 Exposure, Disruptions to Activities, Disruptions to Living Conditions, and Designation as an Essential Worker) and five for Impact (Self and Family Relationships, Physical Well-Being, Emotional Well-Being, Social Well-Being, and Distress). Gender and age differences in CEFIS-AYA scores were identified.

Discussion
Initial reliability data are strong and support use of the CEFIS-AYA for measuring the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on AYAs in research and clinical care.
Health economic potential of oral aMMP-8 biomarker diagnostics for personalised prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Arweiler Nicole B , Sorsa Timo A , Volland Gerd , Gaßmann Georg , Fietz Cornelia , Thiem Helena , Rychlik Reinhard P T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) biomarkers can be used in chair side tests for the detection of periodontitis or peri-implantitis and for targeting and monitoring individual therapy. Combined with effective secondary preventive measures, this procedure can reduce tooth loss and related costs. The authors evaluated whether out-of-pocket costs for the patient can be saved additionally.

Methods
A health economic evaluation of the total costs for secondary preventive versus prosthodontic measures was performed from the patient’s perspective using a Markov-based state transition model with three health states of periodontitis. The intervention group used aMMP-8 biomarker diagnostics in addition to standard prevention services in Germany; the control group received standard care only. Starting age of the patients was 35 years; the modelled period was 50 years. Additionally, a first estimate of the costs for patients with implants for a period of three decades was made.

Key findings
In the first decade (age group 35–44 years), patients from the intervention group initially have to bear additional costs of 929.53 € compared with the control group. From the age group 45–54 years, the savings potential for the patient increases continuously. Total costs of the intervention group, including additional aMMP-8 assessments, are 32 310.82 € compared with 47 452.04 € in the control group for the 50-year period. The greatest savings potential for patients with aMMP-8 screening and monitoring is in the field of dentures (−18.521.91 €). For the subgroup of patients with implants, the first cost statement leads to costs of 12 672.66 € with additional use of aMMP-8 biomarker diagnostics (control group: 23 185.83 €).

Conclusions
Despite higher initial costs, secondary prevention not only improves oral health but also importantly can save significant costs in the long run. Especially in implant patients, need-based prevention can prolong the lifetime of dental implants and thus significantly save long-term treatment costs.
Evaluation of ayurvedic and herbal product advertisements on electronic and print media in a developing country
Authors: Rufaideen Fathima , Liyanage Chiranthi K , Ranasinghe Chathuranga , Ranasinghe Priyanga 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the content and frequency of ayurvedic and herbal product advertisements in electronic and print media in Sri Lanka.

Methods
Advertisements on ayurvedic and herbal products that did not contain any known allopathic medicine/substance with a label that claimed to have curative/preventive health benefits/indications were included in this study. Data were collected over a 2-month period from 5 national television (TV) channels and 3 radio channels, 7 national newspapers and 10 websites.

Key findings
In total, 285 ayurvedic and herbal product advertisements were identified. There were high number of TV advertisements (n = 165; 57.9%). Among TV advertisements, 80.6% of advertisements were from private TV channels. The majority of the advertisements were in the Sinhala language (67.4%). The price of the product was mentioned in 71.5% of TV advertisements. All newspaper and radio advertisements mentioned indication. Many therapeutic and non-therapeutic claims were mentioned in the advertisements. None of the advertisements mentioned about side effects. Only 8.1% of all advertisements mentioned the ayurvedic registration number of the product. Contact details (contact number or address of manufacturer) were included in only 53.3% (n = 152) of the advertisements overall, although this was given in all newspaper advertisements. In contrast, a lesser number of advertisements contained contact details on TV (n = 58; 20.4%).

Conclusions
Contents of advertisements varied between and within different media, with a significant proportion not including key information. Most advertisements included unsubstantiated therapeutics and non-therapeutic claims. There is a necessity to implement and enforce stringent guidelines to ensure the health and safety of the population.
A scoping systematic assessment for post-marketing abuse drug withdrawal
Authors: Al-Taie Anmar , Büyük Ayşe Şeyma , Sardaş Semra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the post-marketing withdrawal of medicines due to their adverse drug reactions (ADRs)-related abuse effects and to examine the types of evidence, mechanisms and patterns for the withdrawal decisions after their approval across different geographical regions.

Methods
By searching through different databases that focused on withdrawn drugs due to their ADRs-related abuse effects between 1930 and 2021 that could provide findings of evidence used in making withdrawal decisions based on the tools of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) criteria alongside sources derived from authorities based on their withdrawal. The outcomes were categorized, and the average time between the launch date of exposure and withdrawal was calculated and stratified.

Key findings
A total of 33 abused withdrawn drugs. The withdrawals occurred between 1961 and 2007. Psychostimulant drugs accounted for most of the abuse withdrawals (42.4%). Most of the withdrawals occurred between 1981 and 1990 (n = 18, 54.5%). Most withdrawn drugs were in Europe (41, 46.6%) with a minimum withdrawal period of 5 years and an average time of withdrawal of 28.8 years.

Conclusions
Psychostimulant drugs presented the most abuse withdrawals based on the evidence of case–control studies, and the most withdrawals were in Europe. The duration of withdrawn drugs was different from region to region in different continents. More intensive research is required to further reduce the time duration between drug marketing and withdrawal, which will help improve decision-making processes with favourable benefit-risk ratio outcomes.
Development of a self-check programme for improvement in quality of care in outpatient chemotherapy centres
Authors: Saito Yoshimasa , Kaizu Mikiko , Udagawa Ryoko , Asanabe Mihoko , Sakai Rika , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Tamura Kenji , Yamamoto Rie , Takahashi Hirokazu , Wakao Fumihiko , Kondo Shunsuke , Kato Masashi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to develop a self-check programme as a tool for multidisciplinary teams to improve the quality of care provided in outpatient chemotherapy centres.

Methods
We used the modified Delphi method to reach a group consensus. Potential indicators were submitted to each panel member, who was asked to rate each using a 9-point scale (1, extremely inappropriate; 5, equivocal; 9, extremely appropriate). The panellists rated a list of indicators over four iterative rounds according to two perspectives. (1) From a short-term perspective, if the indicators are not achieved, improvement is required in 6 months to 1 year; (2) from a medium-term perspective, although indicators are less crucial, efforts should be made to operate a higher-quality outpatient chemotherapy centre.

Key findings
Our Delphi panel comprised 12 experts: 4 physicians, 4 pharmacists and 4 nurses. All 12 panellists responded to the first- and second-round surveys and 11 (92%) responded to the third- and fourth-round surveys. Moreover, nine (75%) experts participated in each panel meeting. After the Delphi survey, 49 indicators were selected from a short-term perspective and 16 from a medium-term perspective for the self-check programme. Finally, the selected indicators were accepted by the consensus of all members.

Conclusions
We developed a self-check programme to improve the quality of care related to outpatient chemotherapy centres. It comprises 65 indicators across nine domains. We plan to conduct a pilot study to assess the usefulness and uptake of the self-check programme.
The current knowledge, attitude, perceptions and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst community pharmacists in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Gordhan Avisha , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of the study were to determine the current ADR knowledge, awareness of ADR reporting requirements and procedures, barriers to reporting, attitudes and perceptions towards ADRs and to assess ADR reporting practices amongst community pharmacists in South Africa.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study was disseminated as an electronic survey questionnaire from a contact list provided by the South African Pharmacy Council, to community pharmacists in Gauteng. The Microsoft Forms application was used to administer the questionnaire anonymously. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the results using SPSS version 27.

Key findings
A total of 107 participants were analysed in this study. The results from this study indicated that community pharmacists have a good overall ADR knowledge (72.9%). Attitudes and perceptions towards ADRs were good since they acknowledged the importance (86.9%) and felt the need (81.3%) to report ADRs. Awareness of reporting procedures was low with only 62.6% who knew where to report and 48.6% aware of the electronic ADR reporting options. ADR reporting rates were low (51.3%) and clinical knowledge, ADR understanding and time constraints were the main barriers to reporting. Low ADR reporting was also associated with complacency, low confidence, avoiding additional work and poor understanding of ADRs and reporting processes.

Conclusion
Pharmacists acknowledged their role and responsibility in ADR reporting however were not adequately reporting. While ADR knowledge and attitudes were good, the detection, clinical understanding and awareness of the latest developments in reporting procedures for ADRs needs strengthening, to support and encourage further reporting.
Inappropriate prescribing in patients with renal impairment
Authors: Antoniak Kairi Marlen , Szijj Janis Vella , Juurmaa Julius , Azzopardi Lilian M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing (IP) in an acute care hospital and to identify medication classes that are inappropriately prescribed. IP occurs in patients with poor renal function in hospital and in outpatient settings. The extent of IP among patients with impaired renal function varies between countries and medical specialties.MethodsThe retrospective descriptive study included patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted to hospital for more than 24 h with documented estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and were receiving at least one systemic medication. Patient data, medications and eGFR results were compiled from the electronic health records. IP was assessed taking into consideration the eGFR, absolute glomerular filtration rate (absGFR) and estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl).Key findingsThe study included 399 patients (63% female; 37% male) with an average age of 79 years (range 42–99). At least one inappropriate prescription was prescribed to 236 (59.1%) patients and 90 patients (38.1%) received ≥3 inappropriately prescribed medications. The prevalence of IP was 32.0% (n = 790), 29.2% (n = 568) and 30.6% (n = 596) when eGFR, absGFR and eCrCl values were used, respectively. Anticoagulants (n = 261, 43.6%) were the most inappropriately prescribed class of medication followed by analgesics (n = 85, 33.9%) and antidiabetic agents (n = 55, 39.6%).ConclusionsResults of the study show that dosage adjustment of medication in renal impairment to avoid IP needs to be addressed. Choice of renal function estimate did not significantly affect the overall prevalence of IP among the study population.
The Precision of Estimates of Nonresponse Bias in Means
Authors: Eckman Stephanie , Unangst Jennifer , Dever Jill A , Antoun Christopher 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurvey data producers increasingly provide estimates of nonresponse bias in several variables when they release or analyze data. Researchers understand that sample estimates of population values should be reported with appropriate measures of uncertainty, such as standard errors or confidence intervals. However, few studies acknowledge that nonresponse bias estimates vary across samples. Using simulations, we study the precision of estimates of nonresponse bias in means and how that precision is affected by features such as clustering and response rates. Results show that low response rates and clustering increase the variability of bias estimates. We then evaluate three methods to estimate the sampling variance of nonresponse bias in means: a method developed by Lee, jackknife replication, and linearization. We find that the Lee approach works well for simple random samples but overestimates variability for clustered samples. Linearization and replication work well with all populations studied, and we give an algorithm for the implementation of these approaches. We also apply the three methods to the LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences) panel and the General Social Survey, providing practical confirmation of the simulation results.
What is the age of flowering plants?
Authors: Sauquet Hervé , Ramírez-Barahona Santiago , Magallón Susana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The origin of flowering plants (angiosperms) was one of the most transformative events in the history of our planet. Despite considerable interest from multiple research fields, numerous questions remain, including the age of the group as a whole. Recent studies have reported a perplexing range of estimates for the crown-group age of angiosperms, from ~140 million years (Ma; Early Cretaceous) to 270 Ma (Permian). Both ends of the spectrum are now supported by both macroevolutionary analyses of the fossil record and fossil-calibrated molecular dating analyses. Here, we first clarify and distinguish among the three ages of angiosperms: the age of their divergence with acrogymnosperms (stem age); the age(s) of emergence of their unique, distinctive features including flowers (morphological age); and the age of the most recent common ancestor of all their living species (crown age). We then demonstrate, based on recent studies, that fossil-calibrated molecular dating estimates of the crown-group age of angiosperms have little to do with either the amount of molecular data or the number of internal fossil calibrations included. Instead, we argue that this age is almost entirely conditioned by its own prior distribution (typically a calibration density set by the user in Bayesian analyses). Lastly, we discuss which future discoveries or novel types of analyses are most likely to bring more definitive answers. In the meantime, we propose that the age of angiosperms is best described as largely unknown (140–270 Ma) and that contrasting age estimates in the literature mostly reflect conflicting prior distributions. We also suggest that future work that depends on the time scale of flowering plant diversification be designed to integrate over this vexing uncertainty.
PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS: a promising tool to improve crop productivity
Authors: Cordeiro André M , Andrade Luis , Monteiro Catarina C , Leitão Guilherme , Wigge Philip A , Saibo Nelson J M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight is a key determinant for plant growth, development, and ultimately yield. Phytochromes, red/far-red photoreceptors, play an important role in plant architecture, stress tolerance, and productivity. In the model plant Arabidopsis, it has been shown that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs; bHLH transcription factors) act as central hubs in the integration of external stimuli to regulate plant development. Recent studies have unveiled the importance of PIFs in crops. They are involved in the modulation of plant architecture and productivity through the regulation of cell division and elongation in response to different environmental cues. These studies show that different PIFs have overlapping but also distinct functions in the regulation of plant growth. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which PIFs regulate plant development is crucial to improve crop productivity under both optimal and adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of PIFs acting as integrators of light and other signals in different crops, with particular focus on the role of PIFs in responding to different environmental conditions and how this can be used to improve crop productivity.
Temporal networks of ‘Contrafacta’ in the first three troubadour generations
Authors: Milonia Stefano , Mazzamurro Matteo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe scope of this research is that of revealing the interconnected nature of medieval Romance lyric by looking at musical imitations. In the Middle Ages, melodic imitation was an essential part of artistic creation as old melodies were constantly borrowed by new authors, a practice known as contrafaction. In this study, we propose to analyse the complex relations between medieval lyricists resulting from this practice using temporal networks. We construct networks by representing each author’s body of work as a single node and connecting a lyricist’ corpus to that of another lyricist via a directed link when the latter author borrowed a melody from the former. To each directed link, we associate the temporal information of when the imitation was composed. Such networks provide a convenient visualization tool to explore the dataset and its connections in an intuitive fashion and are available online at: https://medmus.warwick.ac.uk/networks. They also provide an analytical tool: we use the networks to show how ideas might have spread among lyricists along time-respecting paths, and obtain measures of the authors’ centrality and influence on the overall literary corpus. We compare the results obtained with the temporal networks with those obtained via more traditional centrality measures computed for corresponding static networks, and explain why the temporally informed measures may provide a more accurate depiction of authors’ influence.
Are translated Chinese Wuxia fiction and western heroic literature similar? A stylometric analysis based on stylistic panoramas
Authors: Wu Kan , Li Dechao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which English translations of Chinese Wuxia fiction and Western heroic literature in modern English are stylistically similar through stylometric analyses. It adds to literary translation research by highlighting possible stylistic connections between heroic literature in the East and that in the West, clues that may help understand the current reception of Wuxia translations. It also contributes to stylometric studies by introducing the stylistic panorama, a novel concept proposed to describe the stylistic picture of a (translated) text in a relatively holistic and functional way. Examining six English translations of Wuxia novels and twelve chivalric stories and heroic fantasies in modern English, the study finds that the Wuxia translations differ from the two Western subgenres in stylistic panoramas built by formal features (dispersion of word lengths and average sentence length), as well as the most frequent words (MFW) and the MFW-sequences. Such differences have foregrounded the unique stylistic features (richer Wuxia-specific vocabularies and shorter paragraph lengths) of these translations, which has contributed in part to their favorable reception among English-speaking readers. It is hoped that this study will encourage new applications for the concept of stylistic panoramas in future stylometric studies.
Could a Divine-Command Theory of Moral Obligations Justify Horrible Acts? Some Kierkegaardian Reflections
Authors: Evans C Stephen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper considers whether a divine-command theory of moral obligation (DCT) could justify morally horrible acts, partly by examining Kierkegaard’s writings. It argues that only the commands of a God who is essentially good could be morally justified, and thus no defensible version of a DCT could actually justify horrible acts. In Works of Love Kierkegaard defends such a DCT, and thus is committed to the claim that any actual commands of God must be aimed at the good. This is consistent with the claim that if we knew that a command that is alleged to be from God is directed at what is bad, the command must not be authentic. The issue raised by Fear and Trembling, where Kierkegaard’s pseudonym Johannes de Silentio considers the “binding of Isaac” story, thus raises crucial epistemic issues, which cannot be settled without considering how one might come to know that a purported revelation from God is authentic, as well as how one might come to believe that some particular moral belief is wrong. The paper defends the view that if one knew that a revelation from God was authentic, then one could be justified in holding a moral view on some particular issue, such as veganism, that clashes with the dominant views of one’s contemporaries.