bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sero-prevalence of 19 infectious pathogens and associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yao Pang , Millwood Iona , Kartsonaki Christiana , Mentzer Alexander J , Allen Naomi , Jeske Rima , Butt Julia , Guo Yu , Chen Yiping , Walters Robin , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Plummer Martyn , de Martel Catherine , Clifford Gary , LI Li-ming , Waterboer Tim , Yang Ling , Chen Zhengming 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically assess the sero-prevalence and associated factors of major infectious pathogens in China, where there are high incidence rates of certain infection-related cancers.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting10 (5 urban, 5 rural) geographically diverse areas in China.ParticipantsA subcohort of 2000 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank.Primary measuresSero-prevalence of 19 pathogens using a custom-designed multiplex serology panel and associated factors.ResultsOf the 19 pathogens investigated, the mean number of sero-positive pathogens was 9.4 (SD 1.7), with 24.4% of participants being sero-positive for >10 pathogens. For individual pathogens, the sero-prevalence varied, being for example, 0.05% for HIV, 6.4% for human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, 53.5% for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and 99.8% for Epstein-Barr virus . The sero-prevalence of human herpesviruses (HHV)-6, HHV-7 and HPV-16 was higher in women than men. Several pathogens showed a decreasing trend in sero-prevalence by birth cohort, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) (51.6% vs 38.7% in those born <1940 vs >1970), HPV-16 (11.4% vs 5.4%), HHV-2 (15.1% vs 8.1%), Chlamydia trachomatis (65.6% vs 28.8%) and Toxoplasma gondii (22.0% vs 9.0%). Across the 10 study areas, sero-prevalence varied twofold to fourfold for HBV (22.5% to 60.7%), HPV-16 (3.4% to 10.9%), H. pylori (16.2% to 71.1%) and C. trachomatis (32.5% to 66.5%). Participants with chronic liver diseases had >7-fold higher sero-positivity for HBV (OR=7.51; 95% CI 2.55 to 22.13).ConclusionsAmong Chinese adults, previous and current infections with certain pathogens were common and varied by area, sex and birth cohort. These infections may contribute to the burden of certain cancers and other non-communicable chronic diseases.
Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children: a cross-sectional study in Thanhhoa City, Vietnam
Authors: Le Giang Ba , Dinh Dai Xuan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among primary school children (6–11 years old) in Thanhhoa city in 2021.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSeven primary schools in Thanhhoa city, Vietnam.Participants782 children (and their parents).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwo-stage cluster random sampling was used for selecting children and data were collected from January to February 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed for children and their parents. Children’s height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores were computed using the WHO Anthro software V.1.0.4. Data were analysed using R software V.4.1.2. The associations between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Variables were selected using the Bayesian Model Averaging method.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school children in Thanhhoa city was 35.93% (overweight 21.61% and obesity 14.32%). The proportion of overweight girls was nearly equal to that of boys (20.78% and 22.52%, respectively, p=0.6152) while the proportion of boys with obesity was four times as many as that of girls (23.86% and 5.62%, respectively, p<0.0001). Child’s sex was the factor significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Boys had double the risk of being overweight/obese than girls (adjusted OR: aOR=2.48, p<0.0001). Other potential factors which may be associated with childhood overweight/obesity included mode of transport to school, the people living with the child, mother’s occupation, father’s education, eating confectionery, the total time of doing sports, and sedentary activities.ConclusionOne in every three primary school children in Thanhhoa city were either overweight or obese. Parents, teachers and policy-makers can implement interventions in the aforementioned factors to reduce the rate of childhood obesity. In forthcoming years, longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine the causal relationships between potential factors and childhood overweight/obesity.
Effect of goal-directed mobilisation intervention compared with standard care on physical activity among medical inpatients: protocol for the GoMob-in randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liechti Fabian D , Heinzmann Jeannelle , Schmidt Leuenberger Joachim M , Limacher Andreas , Wertli Maria M , Verra Martin L 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDespite the fact that immobilisation is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, patients hospitalised in general internal medicine (GIM) wards spend up to 50% of time in bed. Previous studies in selected patient populations showed increased mobility after implementation of goal-directed mobilisation (GDM). Due to the study design used so far, the degree of evidence is generally low. The effect of GDM on clinical outcomes and economically relevant indicators in patients hospitalised in GIM wards is currently unknown. This study aims to evaluate a GDM intervention compared to standard care on physical activity (de Morton Mobility Index, DEMMI) in medical inpatients.Methods and analysisGoMob-in is a randomised, controlled, open-label study with blinded outcome assessment. We plan to enrol 160 inpatients with indication for physiotherapy on GIM wards of a tertiary hospital in Bern, Switzerland. Adult patients newly hospitalised on GIM wards will be included in the study. The primary outcome will be the change in the DEMMI score between baseline and 5 days. Secondary outcomes are change of DEMMI (inclusion to hospital discharge), mobilisation time (inclusion to day 5, inclusion to discharge), in-hospital delirium episodes, number of in-hospital falls, length of stay, number of falls within 3 months, number of re-hospitalisations and all-cause mortality within 3 months, change in independence during activities of daily living, concerns of falling, and quality of life within 3 months and destination after 3 months. Patients in the intervention group will be attributed a regularly updated individual mobility goal level made visible for all stakeholders and get a short educational intervention on GDM.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the responsible Ethics Board (Ethikkommission Bern/2020–02305). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants before study inclusion. Results will be published in open access policy peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04760392.
Effects of mobile-based mindfulness meditation for mental health of nurses: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Bin , Yang Ting , Tao Lin , Song Yuqing , Liu Ying , Wang Yan , Xiao Lei , Xu Changxia , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionExisting studies have shown that mobile-based mindfulness meditation (MMM) can have a certain impact on nurses’ mental health problems, but its specific effect and the effect on specific mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, well-being and resilience are not clear.Methods and analysisThis study protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols guidelines. Electronic search through PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Embase and three Chinese databases namely CNKI, Wan Fang and Chinese Biology Medicine disc. The inclusion criteria follow the PICO principle, which is defined translate the question into a searchable and answerable question . P (patient/population): clinical characteristics of patients; I (intervention or exposure): treatment measures or exposure factors of concern; C (comparison): control measure.; O (outcome): outcome indicator of concern. Registered nurses, preregistered nurses, midwives and nursing students will all be included, studies using MMM as intervention to improve mental health of nurses, compared with waitlist controls or traditional methods groups, outcomes assessment of stress, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, well-being and resilience will meet the inclusion criteria. Studies designed randomised controlled trails (RCTs) of quasiexperimental and written in English or Chinese will be eligible. Search time was from inception of each database to July 2022. Two reviewers screen and assess studies for inclusion and extract data independently; any dispute will be settled through discussion. If the discussion still fails, the third author will make a decision. For RCT, risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2), and for non-RCT studies, risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool will be performed. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan software if sufficient number of comparable studies are retrieved.Ethics and disseminationThis is a study protocol of meta-analysis; no primary data will be collected, and no ethics assessment is required. The study results will be presented in a peer-reviewed scientific publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021277932.
Effectiveness of video consultations in type 1 diabetes patients treated with insulin pumps in the outpatient clinic: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schultz Anders Nikolai Ørsted , Christensen Robin , Bollig Georg , Kidholm Kristian , Brandt F 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of video consultations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with insulin pumps in the outpatient clinic.Methods and analysisA 52 weeks’ duration, open-label, randomised controlled trial will be conducted, enrolling 100 patients with type 1 DM currently treated with insulin pump.Patients will be recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinic at Hospital of Southern Jutland, Department of internal medicine, Sønderborg. Participants will be randomised to either video consultations (experimental intervention) or standard care (control comparator). Participants in the video consultation group will follow their standard care treatment but will have all of their scheduled and non-scheduled appointments by video consultation. The control group will follow their standard care treatment as usual, having all their appointments at the outpatient centre. Primary outcome will be change from baseline of time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L).Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Committe on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark, S-20200039G Acadre 20/12922. We will present the results of the trial at international conferences as well as publish the results of the trial in (a) peer-reviewed scientific journal(s).Trial registration numberNCT04612933.
Equity of timely access to liver and stomach cancer surgery for Indigenous patients in New Zealand: a national cohort study
Authors: Gurney Jason , Sarfati Diana , Stanley James , Kerrison Clarence , Koea Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesWhen combined, liver and stomach cancers are second only to lung cancer as the most common causes of cancer death for the indigenous Māori population of New Zealand—with Māori also experiencing substantial disparities in the likelihood of survival once diagnosed with these cancers. Since a key driver of this disparity in survival could be access to surgical treatment, we have used national-level data to examine surgical procedures performed on Māori patients with liver and stomach cancers and compared the likelihood and timing of access with the majority European population.Design, participants and settingWe examined all cases of liver and stomach cancers diagnosed during 2007–2019 on the New Zealand Cancer Registry (liver cancer: 866 Māori, 2460 European; stomach cancer: 953 Māori, 3192 European) and linked these cases to all inpatient hospitalisations that occurred over this time to identify curative and palliative surgical procedures. As well as descriptive analysis, we compared the likelihood of access to a given procedure between Māori and Europeans, stratified by cancer and adjusted for confounding and mediating factors. Finally, we compared the timing of access to a given procedure between ethnic groups.Results and conclusionsWe found that (a) access to liver transplant for Māori is lower than for Europeans; (b) Māori with stomach cancer appear more likely to require the type of palliation consistent with gastric outlet obstruction; and (c) differential timing of first stomach cancer surgery between Māori and European patients. However, we may also be cautiously encouraged by the fact that differences in overall access to curative surgical treatment were either marginal (liver) or absent (stomach).
Developing a profile of activities of daily living for bipolar disorder: a systematic review protocol and meta-analysis
Authors: Aniserowicz Anna M , Safi Fatima , Colquhoun Heather , Stier J , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental health disorder that affects 2% of the adult population. Individuals with this disorder are at a higher risk for morbidity and functional difficulties. They may also experience significant challenges in their activities of daily living (ADLs). This systematic review will identify all available studies that examine subsets of ADLs that impact individuals with BD.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO will be searched to identify observational studies that examined functioning, independence or performance across a variety of ADLs. Title and abstract, full-text screening and a risk of bias assessment will be conducted in duplicate. An overarching table that summarises the level of functioning across different ADLs or an ‘ADL profile’ will be developed, and if there are sufficient data, these will be separated based on the phases of BD, such as manic/hypomanic, depressed and euthymic.Ethics and disseminationAs this systematic review uses information from previous literature, this review does not require ethics approval. This review will help identify the trends in daily activities that individuals struggle with and can help healthcare practitioners identify specific areas of need for support. We plan to disseminate the results in a peer-reviewed journal and conferences targeting occupational therapists and mental health clinicians.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021255089.
Prevalence and associations of rural practice location in early-career general practitioners in Australia: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Fielding Alison , Moad Dominica , Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Bentley Michael , FitzGerald Kristen , Kirby Catherine , Turnock Allison , Spike Neil , van Driel Mieke L , Magin Parker 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo: (1) establish the prevalence of urban, regional, rural and remote practice location of early-career general practitioners (GPs); and (2) examine demographic and training-related characteristics associated with working in regional, rural or remote areas post attainment of vocational general practice qualifications.DesignCross-sectional, questionnaire-based study, combined with contemporaneously collected data from participants’ prior vocational training.SettingAustralian general practice.ParticipantsNewly vocationally qualified GPs (ie, within 6 months–2 years post fellowship) who had completed vocational training with regional training organisations in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, eastern Victoria, and Tasmania between January 2016 and July 2018.Primary outcome measureRurality of post-fellowship practice location, as defined by Modified Monash Model (MMM) geographical classifications, based on current practice postcode. Prevalence of regional/rural/remote (‘rural’) practice was described using frequencies, and associations of rural practice were established using multivariable logistic regression, considering a range of demographic factors and training characteristics as independent variables.ResultsA total of 354 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 28%) with 319 providing information for their current practice location. Of these, 100 (31.4%) reported currently practising in a rural area (MMM2-7). Factors most strongly associated with practising in a rural area included having undertaken vocational GP training in a rural location OR 16.0 (95% CI 6.79 to 37.9); p<0.001; and undertaking schooling in rural area prior to university OR 4.21 (1.98, 8.94); p<0.001.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that vocational training experience may have a role in rural general practice location post fellowship, attenuating the previously demonstrated ‘leakage’ from the rural practice pipeline.
Identifying credible attribution sources for cigarette health warning labels in China: results from a cross-sectional survey of Chinese adults
Authors: Czaplicki Lauren , Hardesty Jeffrey , Crespi Elizabeth , Yang Tingzhong , Kennedy Ryan David 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends health warning labels (HWLs) include an attribution source. Little is known regarding the perceived credibility and effectiveness of different message sources. This study examined perceptions of four HWL attribution sources among adults in China – the world’s largest consumer of cigarettes.DesignCross-sectional experimental survey design.ParticipantsData were collected in 2017 from a convenience sample of 1999 adults across four cities in China; 80% of the sample were current smokers.Main outcome measuresParticipants viewed four versions of the same HWL, each with a different attribution source: the China Center for Disease Control (ref. group); the regulatory arm of China’s domestic tobacco company (STMA); Liyuan Peng, China’s first lady; and the WHO. Respondents indicated which HWL was the most: (1) credible, (2) effective at making people quit and (3) effective at preventing youth initiation.ResultsMultinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) of the three outcomes. Controlling for demographics and smoking status, HWLs attributed to STMA and Liyuan Peng, respectively, were perceived as significantly less credible (aRRR=0.81, p<0.001; aRRR=0.31, p<0.001), less effective at making people quit (aRRR=0.46, p<0.001; aRRR=0.24, p<0.001) and less effective at preventing young smoking (aRRR=0.52, p<0.001; aRRR=0.39, p<0.001) than the China CDC HWL. There were no significant differences in perceived effectiveness of between the WHO and China CDC HWLs. Participants viewed the WHO HWL as significantly more credible (aRRR=1.21, p<0.001) than the China CDC HWL.ConclusionResults suggest the unique role of health organisations in conveying smoking-related messages that appear credible and effective at motivating others to quit smoking or never start smoking in China. Findings can inform global recommendations regarding HWL attribution sources.
‘Low-value’ clinical care in general practice: associations of low value care in GP trainees’ practice, including formative and summative examination performance – protocol for cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study analyses using the QUestionable In Training Clinical Activities (QUIT-CA) index
Authors: Magin Parker , Ralston Anna , Tapley Amanda , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , van Driel Mieke L , Davey Andrew , Klein Linda , FitzGerald Kristen , Spike Neil , Fielding Alison 
Published: May 2022

Introduction‘Low value’ clinical care and overuse of medical services are ‘questionable’ clinical activities that entail provision of medical services that are more likely to cause harm than good or whose beneﬁt is disproportionately low compared with its cost. This study will seek to establish clinical practice associations of a non-observed work-based assessment of general practitioner (GP) trainees’ (registrars’) questionable practice (the QUestionable In Training Clinical Activities (QUIT-CA) index). We will also explore association of the QUIT-CA index with a formative observed work-based assessment, and will establish if registrars’ QUIT-CA indexes are associated with summative examination performance.Methods and analysisWe will conduct three analyses, all using data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study. ReCEnT is an ongoing (from 2010) cohort study in which Australian GP registrars record details of their in-consultation clinical and educational practice. The QUIT-CA index is compiled from ReCEnT consultation data. A cross-sectional analysis, using negative binomial regression, will establish clinical practice associations of the QUIT-CA index. A cross-sectional analysis using linear regression will be used to establish associations of QUIT-CA index with formative observed in-practice assessment (the General Practice Registrar-Competency Assessment Grid). A retrospective cohort study analysis using linear regression will be used to establish associations of the QUIT-CA index with summative examination performance (Royal Australian College of General Practice fellowship examinations results).Ethics and disseminationThe study has ethical approval from the University of Newcastle HREC(H-2009-0323). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.
Improving the perception of respect for and the dignity of inpatients: a systematic review
Authors: Eduardo Pereira Dutra Pablo , Quagliato Laiana Azevedo , Nardi Antonio Egidio 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review is to find evidence to determine which strategies are effective for improving hospitalised patients’ perception of respect and dignity.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. The MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases were searched on 9 March 2021. Observational studies, prospective studies, retrospective studies, controlled trials and randomised controlled trials with interventions focused on improving respect for patients and maintaining their dignity were included. Case reports, editorials, opinion articles, studies <10 subjects, responses/replies to authors, responses/replies to editors and review articles were excluded. The study population included inpatients at any health facility. Two evaluators assessed risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions criteria: allocation, randomisation, blinding and internal validity. The reviewers were blinded during the selection of studies as well as during the quality appraisal. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.Results2515 articles were retrieved from databases and 44 articles were included in this review. We conducted a quality appraisal of the studies (27 qualitative studies, 14 cross-sectional studies, 1 cohort study, 1 quali-quantitative study and 1 convergent parallel mixed-method study).DiscussionA limitation of this study is that it may not be generalisable to all cultures. Most of the included studies are of good quality according to the quality appraisal. To improve medical and hospital care in most countries, it is necessary to improve the training of doctors and other health professionals.ConclusionMany strategies could improve the perception of respect for and the dignity of the inpatient. The lack of interventional studies in this field has led to a gap in knowledge to be filled with better designed studies and effect measurements.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021241805.