bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP103: Mitochondrial/endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction Exacerbates Oxidative Damage in Aging White Matter Ischemia
Authors: Baltan Selva , Bastian Chinthasagar , Stahon Katharine , Griffith Shelby , Brunet Sylvain 
Published: March 2022

White matter (WM) is frequently affected by stroke. Aging WM recovers less following stroke compared to younger WM. Free radicals accumulate with aging resulting in increased oxidative stress. Mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions are crucial for protection from oxidative stress. We hypothesized that aging WM is more susceptible to oxidative stress damage mediated by mitochondrial/ER dysfunction, leading to decreased ATP synthesis and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis.
Mouse optic nerves (MON) obtained from C57BL/6J and Thy-1 CFP(+) mice at 1 (young) or 12 months (aging) of age were used. Axon function was quantified by recording evoked compound action potentials. Mitochondrial/ER structure and interactions were determined by 3D-electron microscopy, Western blotting, ATP assays, and CFP (+) fluorescent mitochondrial imaging. Oxidative stress was assessed by NOS and glutathione assays and by Western blotting for oxidative stress markers, 3-NT and 4-HNE. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 60 min resulted in decreased axon function recovery of aging WM. Aging WM showed elevated NOS activity and increased levels of by-products of lipid peroxidation (4-HNE) and protein nitration (3-NT), indicating aggravated oxidative stress. Structurally, aging axons were larger, with thicker myelin, and were characterized by longer and thicker mitochondria due to altered levels of mitochondrial shaping proteins. This was further confirmed by 3D-EM and CFP (+) imaging and may underlie the decreased ATP levels detected in aging WM. Moreover, mitochondrial-ER interactions were compromised due to decreased association between the organelles and due to decrease in levels of mitochondrial trafficking protein miro-2, which suggests defective Ca2+ homeostasis in aging axons. Calnexin, an ER stress response chaperone protein, was decreased under baseline conditions in aging axons, but did not show upregulation following OGD when compared to young axons, suggesting a defect in unfolded protein responses.
We conclude that aging WM is increasingly vulnerable to stroke because of inherent structural changes in axons and mitochondria/ER interactions, leading to depletion of ATP and defective Ca2+ dynamics, resulting in increased oxidative stress.
The Ancient Greek Pharmakos Rituals
Authors: Eidinow Esther 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines the role of mistrust – especially in constructions of purity, impurity, and purification – in ancient Greek religion. It begins by examining so-called scapegoat or pharmakos rituals, in which an individual was expelled from the city, apparently as a purificatory offering to the gods. Recent analyses have argued that these rituals were outlets for community aggression, and/or were resonant with myths of self-sacrifice. This article will suggest a different analysis of the evidence. I offer an alternative way of interpreting these rituals that sets them in a wider context of Greek ritual and belief: it suggests that the ritual of the pharmakos arose in a context of social and spiritual insecurity. This created, I argue, a prevailing dynamic of social and spiritual mistrust, within which the pharmakos ritual emerged – and which it exacerbated.
The Discovery of Principles in Prior Analytics 1.30
Authors: Malink Marko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Prior Analytics 1.27–30, Aristotle develops a method for finding deductions. He claims that, given a complete collection of facts in a science, this method allows us to identify all demonstrations and indemonstrable principles in that science (1.30, 46a21–7). This claim has been questioned by commentators. I argue that the claim is justified by the theory of natural predication presented in Posterior Analytics 1.19–22. According to this theory, natural predication is a non-extensional relation between universals that provides the metaphysical basis for demonstrative science.
Prophetism in African Christianity and Biblical Traditions
Authors: Aryeh Daniel Nii Aboagye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines the portrayal of prophetism in the works of J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu and compares it with the depiction of prophetism by the author of the gospel of Luke. Prophetism is a recurrent religious phenomenon in the Christian faith, particularly in Africa. Many scholars have undertaken seminal works on the subject, depending on the popularity and effect of the experience on contemporary Christianity. Many Christian denominations have suffered schism due to the erupting of prophetic ministry and have also benefitted from the phenomenon by negotiating for religious innovations that resonate with the worldview of members of the congregation. Often, the questions asked are whether these strands of prophetism are aligned with the biblical philosophy of prophetism and which genre of the Bible contemporary prophetism reflects. This study engages the narrative research method to discuss critically how Asamoah-Gyadu writes about prophetism in contemporary African Christianity and how the author of Luke portrays it and draws lessons for scholars, contemporary prophets, and Christian denominations in which the experience is not common.
Expression patterns of clock genes in the kidney of two Lasiopodomys species
Authors: Song Hongjie , Cheng Yuyang , Fan Linchao , Sun Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previous studies showed that the kidney has its own molecular circadian clock expression regulation that maintains the homeostasis of physiological processes. However, limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms of the kidney circadian rhythm in subterranean rodents. Here, we report circadian gene expression in the kidney of subterranean Mandarin voles and the related aboveground Brandt’s voles, reared under 12L:12D (LD) or dark (DD) conditions, respectively. The results showed that the rhythmic genes were represented in Brandt’s voles in higher numbers under LD than DD conditions, but the number of rhythmic genes in Mandarin voles was similar between the two treatment conditions. The gene expression levels at different timepoints all showed reduced results under DD conditions compared with those in the LD cycle in Brandt’s voles, whereas the expression levels of the tested genes at certain Zeitgeber timepoints showed higher results than in the LD cycle in Mandarin voles. The gene expression peak showed chaotic resetting under DD conditions in both voles. We thus suggest that Mandarin and Brandt’s voles have different molecular circadian clock expression adjustment patterns in the kidney as an adaptation to different living environments. Mandarin voles seem to be more adapted to the dark environment, while Brandt’s voles are more dependent on external light conditions.
Virgin Creatrix / Bountiful Womb
Authors: Natarajan Kanchana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article explores the ambivalent view of women that is frequently found in siddha thought and poetry. The first section describes the Siddhars’ attitude toward women in various sources, some of which explicate the notion of the gendered “ghost” and warn of corrupting or malign influences. This attitude contrasts sharply with the “virgin” goddess Vālai, who is seen as a generative force and goddess of learning and knowledge. The second section explores the siddha cosmology of Vālai and the linkage with vālai (mercury) in siddha alchemy. The third section focuses on the objectification of the female body present in some Siddhars’ views. It concludes that the anticaste and anti-Brahminical perspective prominent in some siddha writings does not permit an egalitarian view of gender: women in general are often presented as limited and primarily reproductive beings, inscribed in reductive terms that are a glaring contrast to the exaltation of Vālai.
Mercurial Medicines
Authors: Sieler Roman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using ethnographic data, this article suggests that the therapeutic use of various mercury compounds in siddha medicine has so far not decreased despite international regulation of the substance and discussions surrounding the safety of mercury. Siddha practitioners portray mercury as central to their therapeutics. The article demonstrates this for different contexts, including the preparation of mercuric medicines; the production of mercury amulets; and recent research studies on mercury-based siddha drugs, targeting, for instance, dementia-related syndromes. Contextualizing siddha mercurial procedures and preparations through interlinking therapeutic, historical, and global frames underscores the fact that mercury use in siddha medicine today derives from alchemical traditions, but also transcends them. It is embedded in political contexts of science and healthcare in India, as it answers to concerns about safety and toxicity and at the same time takes center stage in negotiating siddha medical specialty and alterity vis-à-vis other medical practices, most notably ayurveda.
توثيق الرواة في حالات مخصوصة عند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل وأثره في الحكم على مروياتهم
Authors: Al Kubaisi AbdelAziz Shaker Hamdan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research tackles the documentation of a weak narrator in certain cases and specific bodies, and its impact on judging the narrator, determining his rank, knowing the degree of hadiths authenticity, distinguishing hadiths, and investigating all that in the light of Imam Ahmad’s extrapolation of sayings and rulings, which are among the oldest sources on hadith weaknesses and narrators. These compilations are a major reference for those who came after him, and for the classifications that adopted collecting his sayings, questions of his students to him, the analysis of those sayings and conclusions drawn from his sayings, highlighting its implications, and comparing that with that of other hadith narrators and critics. This matter is one of the most majestic issues of hadith sciences that should be well taken care of and singled out for classification, due to the need for it in weighing hadith authenticity and its narrators. The research has showed the need to take care of relative documentation that is associated with a sheikh, student, place, time, or others, because of its great impact on the narrator and the narrative, what is narrated. It is imperative to consider these aspects when judging narrators and hadiths. Some narrators according to Imam Ahmad may be in a different situation as their sheikh’s circumstances are different, or different place of their narrative, or time difference of narration. The author has tracked down these aspects and has compared them with other opinions of hadith critics who may agree or disagree with him. The research has also showed that Imam Ahmad had done relative documentation of some narrators comparing himself to other narrators. The researcher has concluded that most of these relative documenters are peers in terms of age and hadith memorization, and that their authenticity ranks are similar to each other. Hadith narrators and critics may differ with Imam Ahmad in this comparison, or agree with him.
Back at It. Italy’s Struggle for a Law against Homophobia and Transphobia
Authors: Schillaci Angelo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 27 October 2021, the Italian Senate decided not to proceed further in the discussion of the so called Zan bill against homophobia and transphobia. Although such a vote does not prevent the Senate from resuming the discussion after six months, it has made clear that there is no majority to approve this bill in the Senate. Nevertheless, the paper focuses on the main issues discussed in the public debate regarding the bill and particularly on the deep conflict between, on the one hand, the recognition of different identities in the public space and, on the other, the protection of freedom of expression and its connection with pluralism of opinions.
Double Degree of Jurisdiction in International Adjudication
Authors: Asta Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This review essay discusses Loris Marotti’s “Il doppio grado di giudizio nel processo internazionale”. The book represents an important contribution to the study not only of the specific topic of double degree of jurisdiction in the international legal order but also of international adjudication at large. The purpose of the present essay is to highlight some of the most valuable aspects of the book, namely, the conceptual model adopted, the “functional” approach chosen to compare a variety of mechanisms of double degree of jurisdiction and the unveiling of the multi-layered tensions stemming from their establishment. The essay will conclude with some reflections on the current and prospective relevance of the theorised conceptual framework.
Summertime Marine Boundary Layer Cloud, Thermodynamic, and Drizzle Morphology over the Eastern North Atlantic: A Four-Year Study
Authors: Zheng Qiuxuan , Miller Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Summertime remote sensor and in situ data from 2016 to 2019 collected at the ARM Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) Observatory are combined with aircraft measurements from the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) campaign to quantify marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud, thermodynamic, and drizzle morphology in the region. A radar reflectivity–rainfall rate relationship (Z–R) is developed from aircraft data and 6-h cloud morphological regimes are identified from ENA data using a k-means algorithm driven by three independent inputs quantifying cloud thickness, drizzle intensity, and cloud field geometric complexity. Four separate MBL structural regimes representing non- or weakly drizzling single-layer stratocumulus, drizzling stratocumulus and cumulus-coupled stratocumulus, deep convection, and broken clouds embedded in northerly flow are identified. Single-layer stratocumulus is indicated when weak subtropical anticyclones are significantly west of the ENA site, and the MBL is cooler and drier than when drizzling and cumulus-coupled stratocumulus and broken clouds are observed. Drizzling and cumulus-coupled stratocumulus clouds are observed on the eastern flank of strong subtropical anticyclones in deep warm moist air masses with wind speeds exceeding 7 m s−1 and strong near-surface wind shear. Broken clouds exhibit strong wind shear near the inversion, while single-layer stratocumulus clouds have lower wind speeds and minimal shear. Net latent heat fluxes in the subcloud layer resulting from a combination of the ocean surface heat flux and evaporating drizzle average near zero over long periods in drizzling and cumulus-coupled stratocumulus. The ECMWF reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) is found to accurately represent single-layer stratocumulus properties, while producing significant discrepancies when drizzling stratocumulus and cumulus-coupled stratocumulus are observed.
Effectiveness of Wii sports- based strategy training in reducing risk of falling, falls and improving quality of life in adults with idiopathic Parkinson's disease- a randomized comparative trial
Authors: Alagumoorthi G. , D. Beulah Jebakani , Thirunavukarasu Suresh , V. Ramachandaran , A. Kumaresan 
Published: March 2022

Objective To assess the effectiveness of Wii sports-based strategy training on risk of falling, falls and quality of life in adults with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Design Single blind, Randomised comparative trial. Setting Hospital and home Subjects Diagnosed as idiopathic Parkinson's disease, Hoehn-Yahr stage 2.5 to 4, history of at least 3 falls in the last 3 months. Intervention Experimental group participated in 30–40 min of Wii training, 3 session/week for 12 weeks and control group participated for the same duration in traditional balance training. During each session both the group received 30 min of conventional physiotherapy. Outcomes Number of fallers, Fall rate, Berg balance scale, Timed up and go test, Parkinson's disease questionnaire 39, at baseline, 12th and 36th week after baseline. Results We randomised 192 participants. Participant's characteristics were similar between Wii and control group at base line, in age 69.7 ± 10, 68.5 ± 9.8, disease severity 3.43 ± 0.56, 3.42 ± 0.59, and fall rate 10.47 ± 15.78, 11.80 ± 18.95 (in mean ± SD). At 12th week 28%(27), 51%(49) & 36th week 45%(42), 60%(57) in Wii-group, control group fell at least once, respectively. Wii group improved more than control group at 12th, 36th week in number of fallers (−23%, p < 0.001) (−15%, p < 0.039), fall rates −2.635(−5.38 to 0.112), −1.476(−5.09 to 2.142) (difference in mean, Confidence Interval) and bodily discomfort component of PDQ 39. Conclusion A 12 weeks exercise training using the Wii sports-based strategy decreases the number of fallers, fall rate, measures of risk of falling but did not alter the quality of life in adults with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Mortality and disease related comorbidities in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from an Egyptian cohort
Authors: Mohammed Reem Hamdy A , Lotfy Fayed Hala , Ibrahim Emara Nouran 
Published: March 2022

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder with significant disease-related comorbidity and considerably high mortality. Aim of the work Explore the survival rates and the spectrum of disease related comorbidities in an Egyptian cohort afflicted by SLE. Methods This is a single center observational cohort study performed in one of the leading medical Schools governmental hospitals for teaching and training in the North African region and Middle East sectors Kasr Alainy School of Medicine—Cairo University. Inclusion criteria: the investigators of the research question went for planned review of the medical records of adult SLE patients ≥16 years classified according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 SLE classification criteria set forth by Hochberg, 1997 who received longitudinal clinical care during the time period from 1999 to 2019. Exclusion criteria: patients seen only once, other collagen vascular diseases, endocrinal, cardiovascular, or other multisystem disease diagnosed prior to the onset of SLE. Data analysis Survival was determined from the time of SLE diagnosis to the last contact or date of death. The cumulative probability of survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. Differences in survival between patient groups were determined using the long-rank test. Results The study included records of two hundred and two SLE patients, 184 (91.1%) were females and 18 (8.9%) patients were males. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 26.71 ± 7.93 years with a mean follow-up between mean: 6.6 ± 4.58 years, 34.15% had damage in at least one of the organ systems by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics American college of rheumatology damage index SLICC/ACR-DI in the first 6 months. Considering an outcome label of dead or alive at the end of follow-up period, results showed a total of 52 mortalities, 88.5% were females and 11.5% were males, mean age at death onset was 30.9 ± 8.8 years. Results of the Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed an overall cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after SLE diagnosis was 82.9, 68.8, 51.4, and 20.4%, respectively. Conclusion The cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after SLE diagnosis was 82.9, 68.8, 51.4, and 20.4%, respectively.
Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with mixed Class III/IV + V and pure proliferative lupus nephritis: A single-center experience
Authors: Ahn Sung Soo , Yoo Juyoung , Lee Sang-Won , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Jung Seung Min 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) is a crucial complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study evaluated the clinical implications of coexistence of membranous LN in proliferative LN in terms of clinical characteristics and long-term outcome. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with SLE who underwent renal biopsy between 2005 and 2018. Patients with proliferative LN based on the 2003 International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification were subclassified into pure (Class III or IV only) and mixed (Class III or IV + Class V) proliferative LN. The clinical features at the time of renal biopsy, incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and all-cause mortality were compared between patients with mixed or pure proliferative LN. Results Of the 171 patients, 30 and 141 were classified into mixed and pure proliferative LN groups, respectively. Patients with pure proliferative LN showed higher anti-dsDNA antibody and lower hemoglobin, platelet, and complement 3 levels than patients with mixed proliferative LN. The SLE disease activity index was also higher in patients with pure proliferative LN ( p = 0.047). The pure proliferative LN group showed a higher proportion of Class IV and higher histologic activity index scores ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). During the follow-up period of 58.3 months, 18 patients developed ESRD and 15 patients died. ESRD was exclusively observed in patients with pure proliferative LN, although the incidence of ESRD was not statistically different ( p = 0.055). All-cause mortality was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion Pure proliferative LN was associated with higher clinical and histological activities and modestly increased risk of ESRD. Active immunosuppressive treatment would be required to control the renal inflammation in patients with proliferative LN, regardless of the coexistence of membranous LN.
An Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Decreases the Use of Narcotics in Infrainguinal Bypass Patients
Authors: Sadri Lili , Shan Deepak , Mejia-Sierra Luis , Lam QuynhDiem , Heilman Jaclyn G. , Balchander Divya , Noonan Kristin , Pineda Danielle M. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives “Enhanced recovery after surgery” (ERAS) protocols use a multisystem approach to target homeostatic physiology via opioid-minimizing analgesia. The aim of this study is to determine if an ERAS protocol for lower extremity bypass surgery improves pain control and decreases narcotics. Methods From July 2020 through June 2021, all patients that underwent infrainguinal lower extremity bypass procedures were subject to the ERAS protocol and compared to a “pre-ERAS” group between June 2016 through May 2020. Preoperatively, ERAS patients were given celecoxib, gabapentin, and acetaminophen while postoperatively they were given standing acetaminophen, gabapentin, ketorolac, and tramadol with as needed use of oxycodone. Pain scores were recorded using a numerical rating pain scale. Demographics, length of stay, 30-day complications, and disposition metrics were recorded. Results There were 50 patients in the ERAS group, compared to 114 before its implementation. The mean age was 70.5 (ERAS group) versus 68.7 (pre-ERAS group) and a majority were male ( P > .05). Enhanced recovery after surgery patients were less likely to have chronic kidney disease ( P = .01). Enhanced recovery after surgery patients had improved length of stay (3.6 ± 2.3 days vs 4.8 ± 3.2 days, ERAS vs pre-ERAS, P = .01). There was no significant difference between groups for the remaining demographics ( P > .05). One patient (2%) in the ERAS group used patient-controlled analgesia, compared to 30 patients (26%) in the pre-ERAS group ( P < .001). Cumulative pain control in the first 12 hours was significantly better in the ERAS group ( P = .05). Pain control at discharge was similar between the 2 groups (3 pain score vs 3 pain score, pre-ERAS vs ERAS, P > .05) Conclusion Our study utilized a multisystem approach to optimize the physiologic stress response to vascular surgery while reducing high potency narcotic use. We show that an ERAS protocol provides noninferior pain control with less potent pain medication and improves the length of stay for patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass surgery.