bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel Public
Authors: Blaylock Sara 
Published: March 2022

How East German artists made their country's experimental art scene a form of (counter) public life.
Experimental artists in the final years of the German Democratic Republic did not practice their art in the shadows, on the margins, hiding away from the Stasi's prying eyes. In fact, as Sara Blaylock shows, many cultivated a critical influence over the very bureaucracies meant to keep them in line, undermining state authority through forthright rather than covert projects. In Parallel Public, Blaylock describes how some East German artists made their country's experimental art scene a form of (counter) public life, creating an alternative to the crumbling collective underpinnings of the state.
Blaylock examines the work of artists who used body-based practices—including performance, film, and photography—to create new vocabularies of representation, sharing their projects through independent networks of dissemination and display. From the collective films and fashion shows of Erfurt's Women Artists Group, which fused art with feminist political action, to Gino Hahnemann, the queer filmmaker and poet who set nudes alight in city parks, these creators were as bold in their ventures as they were indifferent to state power.
Parallel Public is the first work of its kind on experimental art in East Germany to be written in English. Blaylock draws on extensive interviews with artists, art historians, and organizers; artist-made publications; official reports from the Union of Fine Artists; and Stasi surveillance records. As she recounts the role culture played in the GDR's rapid decline, she reveals East German artists as dissenters and witnesses, citizens and agents, their work both antidote to and diagnosis of a weakening state.
Characterization and Catalytic Property of Surfactant‐Laccase Complex in Organic Media
Authors: Okazaki Shin‐ya , Goto Masahiro , Wariishi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Hiroo , Furusaki Shintaro 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine catalyzed in anhydrous organic solvents by surfactant‐laccase complex was investigated. The complex was prepared by utilizing a novel preparation technique in water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. The surfactant‐laccase complex effectively catalyzed the oxidation reaction in various dry organic solvents, while laccase, lyophilized from an aqueous buffer solution in which its activity was optimized, exhibited no catalytic activity in nonaqueous media. To optimize the preparation and reaction conditions for the surfactant‐enzyme complexes, we examined the effects of pH in the water pool of W/O emulsions, the concentration of enzyme and surfactant at the preparation stage, and the nature of organic solvents at the reaction stage on the laccase activity in organic media. Surfactant‐laccase complex showed a strong pH‐dependent catalytic activity in organic media. Its optimum activity was obtained when the complex was prepared at a pH of about 3. Interestingly, native laccase in an aqueous buffer solution exhibited an optimum activity at the same pH of 3. The optimum preparation conditions of surfactant‐laccase complex were [laccase] = 0.8 mg/mL and [surfactant] = 10 mM, and the complex showed the highest catalytic activity in toluene among nine anhydrous organic solvents. The effect of a cosolubilized mediator (1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT)) on the reaction was also investigated. The addition of HBT at the preparation stage of the enzyme complex did not accelerate the catalytic reaction because HBT was converted to an inactive benzotriazole (BT) by laccase. However, the addition of HBT at the reaction stage enhanced the catalytic performance by a factor of five compared to that without HBT.
Synthesis Rates of Cellular Proteins Involved in Translation and Protein Folding Are Strongly Altered in Response to Overproduction of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Rinas Ursula 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe cellular response to temperature‐induced production of human basic fibroblast growth (bFGF) factor by recombinant E. coli (bacteriophage λ PRPL promoter/cI857 repressor expression system) was studied by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Temperature shift from 30 to 42 °C caused the induction of heat‐shock protein synthesis and the repression of synthesis of ribosomal proteins and the protein folding catalyst trigger factor. Compared to control cells, carrying the expression vector without structural bFGF gene cells, producing the heterologous protein exhibited a stronger increase in the synthesis rate of heat‐shock proteins ClpB (HtpM), DnaK, HtpG, GroEL, GrpE, and IbpB (HtpE) in response to temperature upshift. Unexpectedly, formation of the chaperone heat‐shock protein GroES was not detected after temperature shift to 42 °C in cells producing bFGF. In addition to amplified heat‐shock protein formation, the syntheses of ribosomal proteins and of the protein folding catalyst trigger factor were more severely repressed after temperature upshift in cells producing bFGF. In conclusion, the normal cellular stress response caused by the high inducing temperature was strongly amplified by heterologous protein synthesis. In particular, syntheses of proteins involved in translation and protein folding were affected by the overproduction of the heterologous protein.
Effects of Long‐Term Passaging of BTI‐Tn5B1–4 Insect Cells on Growth and Recombinant Protein Production
Authors: Donaldson Michael S. , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe BTI‐Tn‐5B1–4 insect cell line from Trichopulsi ni has enabled better secretion and higher productivity of recombinant proteins in the baculovirus expression system. An early passage stock of this cell line is compared here to the commercially available “High Five” cell line stock. The early passage Tn5B1–4 cells grew to over 11 × 106 cells/mL and expressed 2.5‐fold more recombinant secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) than the High Five cells. While the specific productivity on a cell number basis was only slightly higher, the early passage Tn5B1–4 cells maintained this productivity at higher cell densities, increasing their volumetric productivity to 50 μg/mL under elevated oxygen conditions. We propose that the difference in these two stocks of cells is the length of time they have been cultured, 130 total passages for the early passage versus 360 passages for the High Five cells. This conclusion is supported by the facts that the early passage Tn5B1–4 cells are smaller in diameter by 4 μm, smaller in cellular protein content (206 versus 270 μg of protein/106 cells), have an increased propensity to clump in suspension culture, and are less susceptible to dispersion of these clumps by dextran sulfate compared to the High Five cells.
A light microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation of scars
Authors: Kamath Nandan V. , Ormsby Adrian , Bergfeld Wilma F. , House Nancy S. 
Published: July 2002

Background: Scars are commonly encountered by dermatopathologists and usually do not present a diagnostic challenge. However, in some cases, the pathologist may need to consider a broad differential diagnosis including fibrohistiocytic tumors, smooth muscle tumors, myofibroblastic proliferations and desmoplastic malignant melanoma. Although specific histologic aspects of scars have been well studied, a complete histochemical profile of scars, especially at various stages of evolution, has not been described.Methods: Twenty‐five cases of scars including 8 normal scars, 5 hypertrophic scars and 12 keloids were studied. Sections were examined with Verhoeff van Giesson, colloidal iron, Giemsa, smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD34, Factor XIIIa and S‐100.Results: All scars were negative for CD34 expression. Factor XIIIa immunostaining identified only rare dermal dendrocytes. S‐100 was absent in 23 of 25 cases and stained scattered cells (less than 10%) in the other 2 cases. SMA was positive in 14 of 25 cases with 6 of these showing staining of up to 50% of spindled cells. Elastic fibers were markedly reduced or absent in all cases, mucin showed moderate or marked staining in three‐fourths of the cases and dermal mast cells showed a moderate increase in 5 cases.Conclusions: These findings confirm prior reports that negative staining with CD34, Factor XIIIa and S‐100 can help differentiate scars from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, dermatofibroma and desmoplastic malignant melanoma, respectively. SMA staining is much more variable and requires careful interpretation.
Biosynthesis of riboflavin
Authors: Fischer Markus , Haase Ilka , Feicht Richard , Richter Gerald , Gerhardt Stefan , Changeux Jean‐Pierre , Huber Robert , Bacher Adelbert 
Published: July 2002

A cDNA sequence from Schizosaccharomyces pombe with similarity to 6,7‐dimethyl‐8‐ribityllumazine synthase was expressed in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain. The recombinant protein is a homopentamer of 17‐kDa subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 87 kDa as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation (it sediments at an apparent velocity of 5.0 S at 20 °C). The protein has been␣crystallized in space group C2221. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.4 Å. The enzyme catalyses the formation of 6,7‐dimethyl‐8‐ribityllumazine from 5‐amino‐6‐ribitylamino‐2,4(1H,3H)‐pyrimidinedione and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐	2‐butanone 4‐phosphate. Steady‐state kinetic analysis afforded a vmax value of 13 000 nmol·mg−1·h−1 and Km values of 5 and 67 µm for 5‐amino‐6‐ribitylamino‐2,4(1H,3H)‐pyrimidinedione and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐butanone 4‐phosphate, respectively. The enzyme binds riboflavin with a Kd of 1.2 µm. The fluorescence quantum yield of enzyme‐bound riboflavin is < 2% as compared with that of free riboflavin. The protein/riboflavin complex displays an optical transition centered around 530 nm as shown by absorbance and CD spectrometry which may indicate a charge transfer complex. Replacement of tryptophan 27 by tyrosine or phenylalanine had only minor effects on the kinetic properties, but complexes of the mutant proteins did not show the anomalous long wavelength absorbance of the wild‐type protein. The replacement of tryptophan 27 by aliphatic amino acids substantially reduced the affinity of the enzyme for riboflavin and for the substrate, 5‐amino‐6‐ribitylamino‐2,4(1H,3H)‐pyrimidinedione.
Spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization detect novel chromosomal aberrations, a recurring involvement of chromosome 21 and amplification of the MYC oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia M2
Authors: Hilgenfeld E. , Padilla‐Nash H. , McNeil N. , Knutsen T. , Montagna C. , Tchinda J. , Horst J. , Ludwig W.‐D. , Serve H. , Büchner T. , Berdel W. E. , Schröck E. , Ried T. 
Published: July 2002

Recurring chromosomal aberrations are of aetiological, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic importance in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, aberrations are detected in only two thirds of AML cases at diagnosis and recurrent balanced translocations in only 50%. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) enables simultaneous visualization of all human chromosomes in different colours, facilitating the comprehensive evaluation of chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, SKY was used to characterize 37 cases of newly diagnosed AML‐M2, previously analysed using G‐banding. In 15/23 patients it was possible to obtain metaphases from viably frozen cells; in 22 additional cases, fixed‐cell suspensions were used. Of the 70 chromosomal aberrations identified by SKY, 30 aberrations were detected for the first time, 18 aberrations were redefined and 22 were confirmed. SKY detected two reciprocal translocations, t(X;3) and t(11;19). In five cases, eight structural aberrations resulted in partial gains of chromosome 21, six of which were undetected by G‐banding. In 4/5 cases, these resulted in copy number increases for AML1. Amplification of MYC was detected in three cases. Using SKY and FISH, clonal aberrations were identified in 5/18 cases with a presumed normal karyotype; 3/5 aberrations were of known unfavourable prognostic significance. Karyotypes were entered into a custom‐designed SKY database, which will be integrated with other cytogenetic and genomic databases.
Population dynamics of a tree‐dwelling aphid: regulation and density‐independent processes
Authors: Jarošiacute;K V. , Dixon A. F. G. 
Published: July 2002

1. A population of the Turkey‐oak aphid (Myzocallis boerneri Stroyan) was sampled at approximately weekly intervals on two Turkey‐oak trees for 19 years. 2. On one tree (A), the aphids exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern with a spring increase, summer decrease, early autumn increase, and late autumn decline. On the other tree (B) the aphids remained at low densities after the decrease in summer. 3. On tree A, significant undercompensating density dependence occurred during all periods of the seasonal population development, and their strength varied little during the course of the season. On tree B, significant density dependence compensated exactly for increase, but appeared only after the decrease in summer when the population remained at very low densities for the rest of the season. 4. Density‐independent weather variables affected the population dynamics very little. Their influence was marginally significant only at very low densities when the aphids were regulated exactly by compensating density‐dependent factors. 5. The results suggest a curvilinear density dependence, with strong regulation at low densities, and weak at high densities. That is, this aphid was most regulated not at the peak but at the trough densities.
Do habitat characteristics influence predation on red grouse?
Authors: Thirgood Simon J. , Redpath Stephen M. , Campbell Steve , Smith Adam 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPredation is not only an important ecological process in the population dynamics of red grouseLagopuslagopusscoticus, but also has conservation implications for their predators such as hen harrierCircus cyaneusand peregrine falconFalcoperegrinus. It has been suggested that habitat management might reduce the susceptibility of grouse to predation and thus reduce conflicts between grouse management and raptor conservation.We investigated whether habitat characteristics influenced predation on red grouse on a managed moor near Langholm in southern Scotland during 1992–96. We combined demographic studies of the grouse population with radio‐telemetry of individual grouse to assess the influence of habitat on mortality rates. Systematic observations of hen harriers were also used to assess the effect of habitat characteristics on their encounter rates and strike success with grouse and other prey.There was no evidence that habitat characteristics directly influenced grouse mortality rates at the scale of the grouse population. However, grouse densities were higher and overwinter losses of grouse were lower on areas with greater cover of heatherCallunavulgaris. The most likely explanation for the observed pattern of winter loss was that grouse dispersed into areas with more heather, to some extent locally compensating for losses to predators.Individual radio‐tagged grouse that survived the winter had more blaeberryVacciniummyrtillusin their home ranges than grouse that were killed in winter by predators. There was, however, no effect of heather cover, vegetation height or vegetation density on the likelihood of individual grouse survival.Hen harriers were more likely to encounter grouse broods in a mixture of heather and grass than expected from the observed distributions of grouse broods on moorland. However, having encountered a grouse brood, there was no effect of habitat type or vegetation height on the strike success of the harriers.We conclude that the direct effects of habitat on the susceptibility of red grouse to predation are limited under current predator control regimes on managed moorland. Habitat management aimed at mitigating conflicts between raptor conservation and grouse management should focus on reducing the availability of passerine and small mammal prey for hen harriers and thus reducing harrier abundance on grouse moors. Further research is required, however, to assess the consequences of such management for biodiversity.
Epidemiology of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: profile of an urban population in the south‐west of England
Authors: Probert  , Persad  , Greenwood  , Gillatt  , Smith  
Published: July 2002

Objectives To produce an epidemiological profile of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder living in the city of Bristol (south‐west England), to determine if TCC tumorigenesis is linked to possible risk factors (occupational exposure, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and coffee consumption) and to assess phenotypic acetylation status and thus determine whether there may be a genetic component to tumour development.Patients and methods This cross‐sectional observational epidemiological study recruited both cases and controls from one‐stop haematuria clinics, providing two groups with a similar age and sex distribution. Before diagnosis, all patients were interviewed by the same researcher and results recorded on a specially designed database questionnaire, to eliminate both recall and investigator bias. Metabolic studies were also performed before diagnosis.Results There were significant associations for occupational exposure, cigarette smoking, and beer consumption (but not wine or spirits), but no significant association with coffee consumption. Slow acetylation status also conferred an increased risk. There were linear trends in terms of dose–response for both beer and cigarette consumption, although this was significant only for cigarettes. There was no difference in risk between the use of filtered or unfiltered cigarettes.Conclusion Occupational exposure and cigarette smoking have been well documented as risk factors in the development of TCC of the bladder, as has slow acetylation status. There are very few studies linking bladder cancer with alcohol consumption. It is important to subdivide types of alcohol consumed when considering this factor in an epidemiological study. In the case of beer, methods used by different brewing processes may also contribute to differences found, were such a study to be performed on a national scale.
Postictal Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging for the Localization of Focal Epileptic Areas in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Diehl Beate , Najm Imad , Ruggieri Paul , Tkach Jean , Mohamed Armin , Morris Harold , Wyllie Elaine , Fisher Elizabeth , Duda Jeffrey , Lieber Michael , Bingaman William , Lüders Hans O. 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging (DWI) is a novel technique to delineate focal areas of cytotoxic edema of various etiologies. We hypothesized that DWI may also detect the epileptogenic region and adjacent areas during the ictal and early postictal periods in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods: We studied patients with intractable TLE (n = 9), due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS, n = 7), left mesial temporal lobe tumor (n = 1), and of unknown etiology (n = 1). Informed consent was obtained before inclusion in the study. All patients with single short seizures were scanned immediately after EEG‐documented seizures (between 45 and 150 min); one of two patients in status was scanned 14 h after cessation of seizures. DWI results were analyzed visually and by calculating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.Results: We found significant decreases in ADC postictally in one of six patients with TLE due to HS and single short seizures. One patient with an incompletely resected temporal lobe tumor also exhibited ADC abnormalities. One patient in focal status epilepticus revealed a decrease in ADC, and one patient with a continuous aura had no DWI abnormality.Conclusions: Postictal DWI technique may occasionally help delineate epileptic areas in some patients with TLE. Yield is low in patients with HS and single short seizures: it may be higher in patients with tumor or status epilepticus.
A state-to-state study of the symmetric charge transfer reaction Ar+(2P3/2,1/2)+Ar(1S)
Authors: Liao C.-L. , Liao C.-X. , Ng C. Y. 
Published: July 2002

The relative state-to-state total charge transfer cross sections, σ3/2→3/2, σ3/2→1/2, σ1/2→1/2, and σ1/2→3/2, for the reactions Ar+(2P3/2)+Ar(1S0)  → Ar(1S0)+Ar+(2P3/2)  → Ar(1S0)+Ar+(2P1/2), Ar+(2P1/2)+Ar(1S0)  → Ar(1S0)+Ar+(2P1/2)  → Ar(1S0)+Ar+(2P3/2), respectively, at the laboratory collision energy range of 1–4000 eV, have been determined using the newly constructed crossed ion–neutral beam
photoionization apparatus. This apparatus is equipped with a high resolution photoionization ion source for reactant state selections and a charge transfer detector for product state identifications. The measured profile of the kinetic energy dependence for the probability for 2P3/2→2P1/2 fine-structure transitions in Ar+(2P3/2)+Ar(1S0) charge transfer collisions [σ3/2→1/2/(σ3/2→3/2+σ3/2→1/2)] is in general agreement with the theoretical prediction of Johnson. However, the theoretical probabilities are approximately 40% greater than those observed in this experiment. The total charge transfer cross section for Ar+(2P3/2)+Ar(1S0)[σ3/2→3/2+σ3/2→1/2] were found to be slightly higher than that for Ar+(2P1/2)+Ar(1S0)[σ1/2→1/2+σ1/2→3/2]. Furthermore, the experimental values for (σ1/2→1/2+σ1/2→3/2)/(σ3/2→3/2+σ3/2→1/2) indicate that the difference in the total charge transfer cross sections for Ar+(2P1/2)+Ar(1S0) and Ar+(2P3/2)+Ar(1S0) diminishes at both low and high collision energies, in accordance with the theoretical expectations. Taking into account the experimental uncertainties, the experimental results are also consistent with detailed balance which requires the value for σ1/2→3/2 to be twice that for σ3/2→1/2 at collisional energies substantially higher than the spin-orbit splitting of Ar+.
Raman isosbestic points from liquid water
Authors: Walrafen G. E. , Hokmabadi M. S. , Yang W.-H. 
Published: July 2002

Precise isosbestic points occur in the Raman OH-stretching spectra from liquid water between 3 and 85 °C if cell alignment is accomplished with Newton’s rings. Isosbestic frequencies measured for the orientations X(Y,X+Z)Y=6β2, X(ZX)Y=3β2, X(Y+Z,X+Z)Y=45α2+13β2, X(Z,X+Z)Y=45α2+7β2, and X(ZZ)Y=45α2+4β2 are 3524, 3522 (note β2 agreement), 3468, 3425, and 3403 cm−1, respectively. Isosbestic points from two different measurements calculated by the relations, X(ZZ)Y-(4/3)X(ZX)Y and X(Z,X+Z)Y-(7/6)X(Y,X+Z)Y agree exactly for 45α2, 3370 cm−1. (α and β2 correspond to the mean polarizability and square of the anisotropy.) The pure α2 isosbestic frequency, 3370 cm−1, coincides with the peak of the highest frequency hydrogen-bonded (HB) Gaussian OH-stretching component. The pure β2 isosbestic point, 3522–3524 cm−1, coincides with the peak of the nonhydrogen-bonded (NHB) Gaussian OH-stretching component, next above in frequency. The α2 and β2 isosbestic points are thus thought to provide an experimental distinction between, and a clear definition of, the HB and NHB OH-oscillator classes for water. Moreover, the various OH-stretching combinations of α2 and β2 simply provide different measures of the
HB→NHB equilibrium—no special information concerning the temperature dependence of this equilibrium results from use of any one linear polarizability combination over any other, including pure α2 or pure β2. The present results agree with mercury-excited data [Walrafen, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 114 (1967)] for X(Y+Z,X+Z)Y and with the corrected α2 data of d’Arrigo et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 75, 4264 (1981)]. Furthermore, the new data are in accord with the spectroscopic mixture model, but the continuum model conflicts with the observation of exact points. The isosbestic frequencies are also found to be strongly nonlinear in the amount of α2 or β2 involved in the spectra.