bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Noncomputational Fluid Dynamics Applications Under Life-Long Association With Professor Kirti (Karman) Ghia
Authors: Mikhail Ameer G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six legacy case problems in fluid dynamics (FD), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and applied aerodynamics applications that were studied during 1988–1996 are presented here. These are examples of my work reflecting the influence of Professor Ghia's teachings in numerical accuracy and truthful validations for CFD and FD in general. Three of the six examples are in the applied missile and projectile FD (aerodynamics) and three are for projectile CFD. Those workpieces were contemporary to the time when the debate on CFD numerical accuracy and uncertainty was in full thrust by the ASME Journal of Fluid Engineering and the AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics), among other organizations. The debate was later culminated by the ASME's Journal of Fluid Engineering policy on numerical accuracy initiated in 1986 and revised in 1993 with the published 10 + 10 specific points/criteria, and their applications started to appear actually in journal publications in about 1996–1998.
Adults’ with hearing loss perceived listening ability in daily communication: protocol for a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Hughes Sarah E , Boisvert Isabelle , McMahon Catherine , Steyns Anne , Neal Katie 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding how adults with hearing loss perceive their abilities when listening in daily communication situations is vital to understanding the functional listening challenges associated with hearing loss. The aim of this study is to explore how adults with hearing loss describe their own experiences of the processes, behaviours and components of listening in real-world communication through secondary analysis of published qualitative data.Methods and analysisA systematic review and thematic meta-synthesis of qualitative research studies and qualitative components of mixed-methods studies will be conducted. Studies published in English will be identified through searching Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar databases from inception to November 2021. Handsearching of the included studies’ reference lists will be completed. Included articles will be assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills checklist for qualitative studies. Thematic synthesis will proceed as follows: (1) line-by-line coding to label concepts present in the ‘results’ or ‘findings’ section(s) of the included studies; (2) grouping of similar codes into descriptive themes; (3) development of higher level analytic themes to develop a new interpretation of the included studies’ findings. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of QUALitative (CerQUAL) research approach will be used to establish the degree of confidence that may be placed in synthesis findings and results will be reported alongside the synthesis. Two reviewers will independently undertake screening for eligibility, data extraction and quality appraisal, analysis and GRADE-CERQual assessments. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion.Ethics and disseminationAs secondary data analysis of the published literature, ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and other research and clinical meetings. This protocol is registered with PROSPERO prospective database of systematic review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020213389.
Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and shielding in adults and children with early-onset neuromuscular and neurological disorders and their families: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Spurr Lydia , Tan Hui-Leng , Wakeman Ruth , Chatwin Michelle , Hughes Zachary , Simonds Anita 
Published: March 2022

AimTo describe and evaluate the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures to reduce the risk of transmission on patients with early-onset neuromuscular and neurological disorders (NMDs) and their families.DesignA mixed-methods study in which data were collected between 17 September 2020 and 31 December 2020 using a semi-structured telephone questionnaire developed specifically to meet research aims, and were analysed using quantitative methods and qualitative inductive thematic analysis.ParticipantsForty questionnaires were completed by patients with NMDs (eg, muscular dystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy) or their parent. 70% (n=28) of patients were male, aged 2–48 years. 90% (n=36) were wheelchair users; 72.5% (n=29) required long-term non-invasive or tracheostomy ventilation.ResultsStrict adherence to risk mitigation strategies, for example, shielding, were reported at the start of the pandemic. Over half continued some or all measures after official limitations were relaxed. 67.5% (n=27) reported changes to personal care assistance arrangements including temporary cessation of outside carers. Three themes were identified: (1) Concern regarding the health impact of COVID-19; (2) Perceptions of strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission; (3) Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The level and pervasiveness of frequently reported negative psychological effects, for example, anxiety and fear fluctuated, and were related to the perceived risk of COVID-19, concern about attending hospital, and perceived lack of access to intensive care management if severe COVID-19 infection occurred. Support, particularly from family and healthcare services, were considered to have positive psychosocial effects.ConclusionsMeasures to reduce transmission of COVID-19 have greatly affected patients with NMDs and their families. For most, negative psychosocial impacts have and will continue to improve, but this may depend on the incidence of further pandemic waves. Consistent, up-to-date and accessible information on clinical outcomes and risk mitigation must be provided to support patients’ physical and mental well-being.
Performances of a portable Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging camera for rapid investigation of paintings
Authors: Candeo Alessia , Ardini Benedetto , Ghirardello Marta , Valentini Gianluca , Clivet Laurence , Maury Charlotte , Calligaro Thomas , Manzoni Cristian , Comelli Daniela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scientific investigation in the cultural heritage field is generally aimed at the characterization of the constituent materials and the conservation status of artworks. Since the 1990s, reflectance spectral imaging proved able to map pigments, reveal hidden details and evaluate the presence of restorations in paintings. Over the past two decades, hyperspectral imaging has further improved our understanding of paints and of its changes in time. In this work, we present an innovative hyperspectral camera, based on the Fourier transform approach, utilising an ultra-stable interferometer and we describe its advantages and drawbacks with respect to the commonly used line- and spectral-scanning methods. To mitigate the weaknesses of the Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging, we propose a strategy based on the virtual extension of the dynamic range of the camera and on the design of an illumination system with a balanced emission throughout the spectral range of interest. The hyperspectral camera was employed for the analysis of a painting from the “Album of Nasir al-din Shah”. By applying analysis routines based on supervised spectral unmixing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our camera for pigment mapping. This work shows how the proposed hyperspectral imaging camera based on the Fourier transform is a promising technique for robust and compact in situ investigation of artistic objects in conditions compatible with museum and archaeological sites.

Graphic abstract
Attitudes toward research and its impact to research skills development among Grade 12 students of Meycauayan National High School
Authors: Serrano Erickson 
Published: March 2022

The primary concern of this research paper was to relate how Grade 12 students of Meycauayan National High School perceived research subjects such as Practical Research 2 and how these attitudes toward research affected their research skills development.
With the purpose of bridging the link between the affective domains of learning to how students develop their research skills, the researcher used the Attitude Towards Research (ATR) Scale developed by Papanastasiou (2002) and a Research Skills Assessment Test based on Gilmore and Feldon (2010). These instruments were administered to 60 Grade 12 Senior High School students of MNHS across different strands, while accompanied with Active Learning Classroom Strategies in teaching Practical Research 2. Through pre-test and post-test design, the researcher evaluated the impact of the students’ attitudes toward research in five (5) factors. These five factors were generalized as Post-ATR and was correlated to the Final Grades of the respondents in Practical Research 2.
Upon data analysis using t-test and correlational statistics, it was highlighted that participants were more focused on how Research subjects are with utmost relevance and usefulness to their everyday lives, though, many of them still gave concern on anxiety and difficulty of the subject. It was also evident that in general, how students feel about research has a great impact on how they develop their research skills along the course.
Through this study that found that improved attitudes toward research significantly increased the students’ research skill and with the help of the data analyzed in this paper, the researcher encourage teachers to not only focus on students’ cognitive and psychomotor skills but to give equal importance as well with the attitudes toward research as these would contribute to students’ overall research skill development.
Vertical Atmospheric Structures Associated with Positive Biases in COSMIC-2 Refractivity Retrievals
Authors: Hordyniec Paweł , Norman Robert , Marshall John Le 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Representation of complex vertical structures observed in the troposphere can vary depending on data sources. The radio occultation (RO) technique offers great advantages for sensing the atmosphere down to its lowermost layers using high-resolution measurements collected by satellites on low-Earth orbit (LEO). The structures are generally smoother in vertical when reproduced from atmospheric models. We evaluate the quality of troposphere retrievals from the COSMIC-2 mission and demonstrate that systematic effects in fractional refractivity deviations with respect to European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) background fields are spatially correlated with positive refractivity gradients characterized as subrefraction. The magnitude of refractivity biases observed mostly over the equatorial regions can exceed 1% within altitudes of 3–5 km. Respective zonal means reveal seasonal trends linked with the distribution of atmospheric inversion layers and signal-to-noise ratio values in RO data. The positive biases are vertically collocated with significant refractivity gradients in COSMIC-2 retrievals that are not reflected in the corresponding ECMWF profiles. The analysis of gradients based on COSMIC-2 data, further supported by radiosonde observations, suggests that most of subrefractions is identified in the middle troposphere at around 4 km. While the altitudes of maximum refractivity gradients from COSMIC-2 and ECMWF data are in fairly good agreement, the magnitude of ECMWF gradients is significantly smaller and rarely exceeds positive values.
Living in a Region With a Low Level of COVID-19 Infection: Health Belief Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in Hong Kong Individuals
Authors: Lee Linda Yin-king , Chu Kit-ying , Chan Max Hin-wa , Wong Chloe Tsz-ching , Leung Heidi Po-ying , Chan Issac Chun-wing , Ng Crystal Kit-ying , Wong Rachel Yuen-shan , Pun Angel Lok-ching , Ng Yaki Hoi-ying , Ng Joe Ka-chun 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Vaccination is vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals’ vaccination intention is a good predictor of vaccine uptake and is influenced by individuals’ health belief toward vaccination. Regions with different levels of pandemic severity may present varying effects. This study aimed to determine the influence of health belief on COVID-19 vaccination intention in a region with a low level of COVID-19 infection. Methods This cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted on a quota sample of 800 adults in Hong Kong before the commencement of the local COVID-19 vaccination program. The Health Belief Model Scale–COVID-19 was developed to assess health belief toward COVID-19 vaccination. The contribution of health belief on explaining intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was assessed using logistic regression. Results The subjects demonstrated moderate levels in all aspects of health belief. Only 28.9% of the subjects indicated an intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. After controlling for age, educational level, marital status, and high risk status, the logistic regression analysis indicated that perceived benefits of vaccination (OR = 1.615; CI 95%: 1.443–1.807; P < .001), perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR = 1.130; CI 95%: 1.032–1.237; P = .008), cues to action toward vaccination (OR = 1.212; CI 95%: 1.108–1.326; P < .001), and perceived barriers to vaccination (OR = .696; CI 95%: .641–.756; P < .001) were associated with intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion Vaccination campaigns in regions with good control of the pandemic should promote the benefits of vaccination, emphasizing how it can help individuals regain a sense of normalcy in their daily lives and stop the spread of COVID-19. Although the COVID-19 pandemic affects countries worldwide, this study highlights the importance of adopting specific vaccination promotion strategies for regions with different levels of pandemic severity.
A Long-Term Study Evaluating the Effects of Nicorandil Treatment on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Cardiomyopathy in mdx Mice
Authors: Gartz Melanie , Haberman Margaret , Prom Mariah J. , Beatka Margaret J. , Strande Jennifer L. , Lawlor Michael W. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by dystrophin gene mutations affecting striated muscle. Due to advances in skeletal muscle treatment, cardiomyopathy has emerged as a leading cause of death. Previously, nicorandil, a drug with antioxidant and nitrate-like properties, ameliorated cardiac damage and improved cardiac function in young, injured mdx mice. Nicorandil mitigated damage by stimulating antioxidant activity and limiting pro-oxidant expression. Here, we examined whether nicorandil was similarly cardioprotective in aged mdx mice. Methods and Results: Nicorandil (6 mg/kg) was given over 15 months. Echocardiography of mdx mice showed some functional defects at 12 months compared to wild-type (WT) mice, but not at 15 months. Disease manifestation was evident in mdx mice via treadmill assays and survival, but not open field and grip strength assays. Cardiac levels of SOD2 and NOX4 were decreased in mdx vs. WT. Nicorandil increased survival in mdx but did not alter cardiac function, fibrosis, diaphragm function or muscle fatigue. Conclusions: In contrast to our prior work in young, injured mdx mice, nicorandil did not exert cardioprotective effects in 15 month aged mdx mice. Discordant findings may be explained by the lack of cardiac disease manifestation in aged mdx mice compared to WT, whereas significant cardiac dysfunction was previously seen with the sub-acute injury in young mice. Therefore, we are not able to conclude any cardioprotective effects with long-term nicorandil treatment in aging mdx mice.
Social Determinants of Health (Social Risk) and Nutritional Status Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living in a Rural Setting: The Atahualpa Project
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Mera Robertino M. , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Several studies have attempted to clarify the role of social determinants of health (SDH) on nutritional status of older adults, but results are inconsistent due to differences in SDH assessments at different levels of population development. In this study, we assessed this association in community-dwelling older adults living in rural Ecuador. Methods: SDH were measured by the Gijon’s Social-Familial Evaluation Scale (SFES) and nutritional status by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®). Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between SDH components and nutritional status. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) and a generalized linear model were used to evaluate the potential non-linearity of the association between the Gijon’s SFES and MNA® scores. Results: A total of 295 individuals (mean age: 72.1 ± 7.6 years; 58% women) were enrolled. There was an inverse association between the total Gijon’s SFES and nutritional status (OR: 0.75; 95% C.I.: 0.65-0.86; P < .001). Three of five components of the Gijon’s SFES (family situation, social relationships, and support networks) were inversely associated with nutritional status in multivariate logistic regression models. A LOWESS plot, together with a generalized linear model, showed an inverse linear relationship between the continuous Gijon’s SFES and MNA® scores. One standard deviation of increase in the continuous Gijon’s SFES score (2.39 points) decreased the MNA® score by 0.78 points. Conclusion: Study results show a significant inverse association between high social risk and a good nutritional status. Components of the Gijon’s SFES measuring social isolation are responsible for this association.
How Does Gravity Influence the Distribution of Lordosis in Patients With Sagittal Malalignment?
Authors: Fourman Mitchell S. , Lafage Renaud , Lovecchio Francis , Sheikh Alshabab Basel , Shah Sachiin , Punyala Ananth , Ang Bryan , Elysee Jonathan , Lenke Lawrence G , Kim Han Jo , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie 
Published: March 2022

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective Compare the supine vs standing radiographs of patients with adult spinal deformity against ideals defined by healthy standing alignment. Methods 56 patients with primary sagittal ASD (SRS-Schwab Type N) and 119 asymptomatic volunteers were included. Standing alignment of asymptomatic volunteers was used to calculate PI-based formulas for normative age-adjusted standing PI–LL, L4–S1, and L1–L4. These formulas were applied to the supine and standing alignment of ASD cohort. Analyses were repeated on a cohort of 25 patients with at least 5 degrees of lumbar flexibility (difference between supine and standing lordosis). Results The asymptomatic cohort yielded the following PI-based formulas: PI–LL = −38.3 + .41*PI + .21*Age, L4–S1 = 45.3–.18*Age, L1–L4 = −3 + .48*PI). PI–LL improved with supine positioning (mean 8.9 ± 18.7°, P < .001), though not enough to correct to age-matched norms (mean offset 12.2 ± 16.9°). Compared with mean normative alignment at L1–L4 (22.1 ± 6.2°), L1–L4 was flatter on standing (7.2 ± 17.0°, P < .001) and supine imaging (8.5 ± 15.0°, P < .001). L4-S1 lordosis of subjects with L1-S1 flexibility >5° corrected on supine imaging (33.9 ± 11.1°, P = 1.000), but L1–L4 did not (23.0 ± 6.2° norm vs 2.2 ± 14.4° standing, P < .001; vs 7.3 ± 12.9° supine, P < .001). Conclusions When the effects of gravity are removed, the distal portion of the lumbar spine (i.e., below the apex of lordosis) corrects, suggesting that structural lumbar deformity is primarily proximal.
Densification of timber: a review on the process, material properties, and application
Authors: Cabral John Paul , Kafle Bidur , Subhani Mahbube , Reiner Johannes , Ashraf Mahmud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTimber densification is a process that has been around since the early 1900s and is predominantly used to enhance the structural properties of timber. The process of densification provides the timber with a greater mechanical strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and dimensional stability in comparison to its virgin counterparts. It alters the cellular structure of the timber through compression, chemical impregnation, or the combination of the two. This in turn closes the voids of the timber or fills the porosity of the cell wall structure, increasing the density of the timber and, therefore, changing its properties. Several processes are reported in literature which produce densified timber, considering the effect of various parameters, such as the compression ratio, and the temperature on the mechanical properties of the densified timber. This paper presents an overview of the current processes of timber densification and its corresponding effects. The material properties of densified timber, applications, and possible future directions are also explored, as the potential of this innovative material is still not fully realised.
TIDD: tool-independent and data-dependent machine learning for peptide identification
Authors: Li Honglan , Na Seungjin , Hwang Kyu-Baek , Paek Eunok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn shotgun proteomics, database search engines have been developed to assign peptides to tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra and at the same time post-processing (or rescoring) approaches over the search results have been proposed to increase the number of confident peptide identifications. The most popular post-processing approaches such as Percolator and PeptideProphet have improved rates of peptide identifications by combining multiple scores from database search engines while applying machine learning techniques. Existing post-processing approaches, however, are limited when dealing with results from new search engines because their features for machine learning must be optimized specifically for each search engine.ResultsWe propose a universal post-processing tool, called TIDD, which supports confident peptide identifications regardless of the search engine adopted. TIDD can work for any (including newly developed) search engines because it calculates universal features that assess peptide-spectrum match quality while it allows additional features provided by search engines (or users) as well. Even though it relies on universal features independent of search tools, TIDD showed similar or better performance than Percolator in terms of peptide identification. TIDD identified 10.23–38.95% more PSMs than target-decoy estimation for MSFragger, which is not supported by Percolator. TIDD offers an easy-to-use simple graphical user interface for user convenience.ConclusionsTIDD successfully eliminated the requirement for an optimal feature engineering per database search tool, and thus, can be applied directly to any database search results including newly developed ones.