bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of CSN2 variants in Friesian Holstein cows and their association with milk protein allergy and production traits
Authors: Dhiaurridho Mohammad Ilham , Prakosa Firmansyah Tristadika , Karimah Firna Fauziatul , Ramadhana Salsabilla , Febriantama Ine , Bramastya Thoriq Aldri , Pramono Ahmad , Cahyadi Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to analyze <em>CSN2</em> variants in Indonesian Friesian Holstein (FH) cow and their association with milk protein allergy and production traits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic DNA was extracted from bloods of twelve Indonesian FH cow. Exon 7 of the <em>CSN2</em> was amplified using novel primer pair to produce 683 bp amplicon. The primers were 5’-ACCCCAATTTCTTAACCAAACCA-3’ as a forward primer and 5’-CATCAGAAGTTAAACAGCACAGT-3’ as a reverse primer. The PCR products were analyzed to determine the nucleotide sequence of <em>CSN2</em> using Bioedit version 7.2.5. Moreover, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to associate between <em>CSN2</em> variants and milk production traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two polymorphisms, c.350A&gt;C and c.516G&gt;C, were identified in the <em>CSN2 </em>exon 7. Base substitution from adenine (A) to cytosine (C) of c.350A&gt;C changed amino acid codon from histidine (CAU) to proline (CCU), and base substitution guanine (G) to cytosine (C) of c.516G&gt;C changed amino acid codon from arginine (AGG) to serine (AGC). The CC genotype frequency for c.350A&gt;C SNP was 33% and they were able to produce A2 <em>CSN2</em> variant which is favorable for preventing lactose intolerance. In addition, there were no association between c.350 A&gt;C and c.516 G&gt;C SNP of the <em>CSN2</em> with milk production traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, A1 and A2 variants of <em>CSN2</em> were identified in Indonesian FH population and they did not associate with milk production in Indonesian FH.</p><p> </p>
Analysis of technical efficiency and determining factors of the broiler business in North Sulawesi
Authors: Kalangi Lidya Siulce , Lombogia Stanly Oktavianus Bryneer , Pandey Jeane , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani 
Published: April 2022

<p dir="ltr"><span>Objective: </span><span>The broiler business with the partnership model has become a choice of society in improving their living. In certain circumstances, however, broiler farmers receive income far beyond their expectations due to declining production, because of some impacts of inefficient input utilization and worse management. The research, then, aims to estimate the technical efficiency of broiler farming business with an open house system and a partnership business pattern, as well as to analyze the determining factors.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Methods: </span><span>The purposive sampling was employed to identify 80 farmers. In detail, the parameter of production function of the Stochastic Frontier was estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimations (MLE) method and Frontier 4.1 program. </span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Results: </span><span>The estimated value in the statistic model (γ=0.8634) depicts that the hypothetical result of the production function model was assumedly better, so the production function of Cobb-Douglas was able to explain the existing data related to a phenomenon of the technical inefficiency in broiler business. The calculation result of the value of restriction parameter of LR test was 89.99, was greater than the critical value of the Kodde and Palm Table (=19.384), by the significance level at p&lt;0.01. This means the existing inefficiency effects in the stochastic model. Further, the value of sigma square with the parameter value of 0.0133 was statistically significant by the trust level of 99%, describing that the production variation contributed by technical inefficiency was 1.33%. </span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-12dbd05b-7fff-2cc3-9972-60615cabae2d"><span>Conclusions: </span><span>In conclusion, the value of technical efficiency obtained by broiler farmers under the partnership model in the open-house system was 0.95. Then, the determining variables of the broiler production were feeds, vitamins, medicine, working hours, and the total of electricity. Determinant variables that could reduce technical inefficiency were age, farming experience, and ownership status of lands/cages.</span></span>
Development of salted egg powder by the addition of garlic extract
Authors: Evanuarini Herly , Susilo Agus 
Published: April 2022

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the use of garlic extract in salted egg powder based on the physicochemical quality, to improve nutrition, shelf life and<strong> </strong>consumer preference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used was a laboratory experimental design with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were without the addition of garlic extract as a control (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% (P3) addition of garlic extract to salted egg powder. Pan drying method at 60°C for 6 hours was used as a drying method. The variables measured were yield, Lightness, redness, and blueness color, moisture content, antioxidant activity. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used as data analysis, if there was a significantly different effect, it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study produced salted egg powder with a yield of 27.22-36.77%, color L of 75.35-80.33, color a* 5.01-6.33, color b* 26.99-31.66, moisture content of 2.23-2.77%, and antioxidant activity of 2.30-11.64%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The best treatment of this research is salted egg powder with the addition of garlic extract as much as 15% and produces a product with a yield of 36.77%, color L of 75.35, color a* of 6.33, color b* of 31.66, moisture content of 2.77 and antioxidant activity of 11.64%.</p>
Profitability of the cow-calf operation business of local peranakan ongole (PO) cattle based on the cow performance and calf price
Authors: Widiati Rini , Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni 
Published: April 2022

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> <span lang="EN-US">This study aims to determine the cow-calf operation business performance of the local PO cow that can give better profitability for farmers.</span><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><span lang="EN-US">The multistage purposive sampling method was used to determine of the samples. The technique of data collection was carried out using a survey method through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire to 90 beef breeders as respondent with 90 heads of productive PO local cows in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method of analysis to determine the production performance of cows using descriptive statistics in the form of average and standard deviation. Furthermore, profitability is calculated in the form of net cash farm income with enterprise budgeting analysis.</span><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-US">In the current condition, the cow calf operation (CCO) business of PO cattle generated positive net cash farm income. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that CI and calf weight were sensitive to net cash farm income. In order to get an increase in net cash farm income that was better than the current condition, it is necessary to direct the adoption of technology to shorten the calving interval to 13 months and increase the selling body weight of calves above 150 kg at the age of 6 months.</span></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><span lang="EN-US">The CCO business of the local PO in the current condition has positive generate income. An increase in income that is better than the current condition can be obtained through technology adoption to shorten the CI and increase the calf sale weight.</span></p>
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Use of Oil Jet Pumps
Authors: Panevnyk D. A. 
Published: April 2022

The substantiation of the choice of design parameters characterizing the mutual orientation of the mixed flows and the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the elements of the flow path of the jet pump that provide an increase in the energy characteristics of borehole ejection systems is given. Depending on the mutual orientation of the mixed flows, three variants of the design of the jet pump are possible, viz. the one with a parallel orientation of the working and ejected flows, the one with the inlet of the ejected flow at a sharp angle, and the one with a perpendicular orientation of the working and ejected flows. The magnitude of the angle between the velocity vectors of the mixed flows directly affects the intensity of vortex formation in the mixing chamber, the amount of energy loss and the efficiency of the jet pump; however, the simplicity of their manufacture remains the determining condition for choosing the design variant of the elements of ejection systems. Based on the use of the laws of conservation of energy, the amount of motion and continuity of the flow, it is determined that the level of energy loss during mixing flows is directly proportional to the magnitude of the angle of entry of the ejected medium. In the course of computer simulation of the jet pump workflow, an asymmetric distribution of hydrodynamic parameters for the non-parallel orientation of the mixed flows has been obtained. In order to reduce energy losses when mixing flows, the value of the angle of entry of the ejected flow must be taken in the range from 0 to 15°. In the case of the implementation of the zero head mode and the maximum ejection coefficient, minimal energy losses during mixing of flows are provided for the main geometric parameter of the jet pump equal to 2.375. In the course of experimental studies, the inverse dependence of the maximum value of the efficiency of a borehole jet pump on the value of its main geometric parameter represented as a power function, has been established. When using ejection systems that implement long-term technological processes (e. g., during oil production), it is necessary to take the minimum possible value of the main geometric parameter of the jet pump for the specified operating conditions.
Er<sup>3+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup>:YGdSiO<sub>5</sub> Crystal as Gain Media for Lasers Emitting in the Spectral Range of 1.5–1.6 µm
Authors: Gorbachenya K. N. , Yasukevich A. S. , Kisel V. E. , Tolstik N. A. , Tarachenko A. A. , Homan V. I. , Pavlovskiy L. K. , Orlovich V. A. , Volkova E. A. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Kuleshov N. V. 
Published: April 2022

Solid-state erbium lasers, emitting in the spectral range of 1.5–1.6 µm, are of great interest for several industrial applications. Nowadays the Er:glass is the most widespread laser material for obtaining laser radiation at the wavelength near 1.5 µm. However, the maximal output powers of such lasers are restricted by hundreds of milliwatts because low thermal characteristics of the glass host. By this reason the search for new crystalline hosts doped with erbium ions is the actual task.In this article the investigation results of spectroscopic properties of Er3+,Yb3+:YGdSiO5 (YGSO) crystals are reported. Polarized absorption and luminescence spectra were measured. The lifetimes of energy levels were determined. The excited state absorption spectra were measured. It was shown that excited state absorption band does not overlap with gain band in the range 1.5–1.6 µm. The energy transfer efficiency from ytterbium to erbium ions was estimated. The stimulated emission and gain cross-section spectra for Er3+ ions in YGSO were calculated.
Determination of <sup>238</sup>U Content by Gamma Radiation Emitting from <sup>234m</sup>Pa Radionuclide
Authors: Khruschinski A. , Kutsen S. , Zhukouski A. , Sugai Naoyuki , Sugai Hiroshi , Mogi Michinori 
Published: April 2022

Radionuclide 238U is one of the most important radioactive elements that must be controlled in nuclear power engineering, geological exploration, control of radioactive contamination of soils and raw materials used in construction. The most optimal way to control 238U is to use the 234mPa radionuclide, the activity of which, due to its short lifetime (≈ 1.2 min), is unambiguously related to the activity of 238U even if the secular equilibrium is disturbed in the sample under studyРossibility of use of the 234mPa nuclide gamma radiation to determine 238U with a scintillation detector in a medium containing natural radionuclides is investigated and demonstrated using the simplest examples. The proposed algorithm for determining of the 238U content is based on the Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response to the radiation of the 234mPa radionuclide at its 1001 keV energy line and subsequent processing of the experimental spectrum, including the Wiener filtering of the signal. This method makes it possible to determine the content of 238U in a continuous homogeneous medium while presence of natural radionuclides in it.The algorithm for determining of 238U content includes several main steps. Filtering based on the Wiener algorithm allows selecting a slowly changing part of the spectrum. Results of Monte Carlo simulations make it possible to determine the detection efficiency in a limited informative region of the spectrum, which includes, along with the 1001 keV peak from the 234mPa nuclide, which is a decay product of the radionuclide 234Th, and the peak of an interfering radionuclide from the decay chain of 232Th. This part of the spectrum does not contain any other lines of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides – decay products of both thorium and uranium chains. These two peaks in the spectral region under study can be separated from each other in a medium with a typical concentration of 234Th.Analysis of results of the activity of depleted uranium metal measuring in accordance with the proposed algorithm shows the possibility of determining of 238U content with an uncertainty of 3–5 %.
Devices and Methods for Measuring of the Ambient Air Dust. Short Review
Authors: Mukhurov N. I. , Khodin A. A. , Kim Y.-J. 
Published: April 2022

The main characteristics of airborne micro/nanoparticles, their impact on human health and air quality standards are presented. International standards classify microparticles by size (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP), establish maximum allowable concentrations and control methods. Particular attention is paid to carbonand virus-containing microparticles control. To monitor the air environment in enclosed spaces and in transport, the portable sensors of micro-, nanoparticles are required with the ability to classify them by size and electrophysical characteristics.Detection of microparticles includes the sorting of particles entering the sensor by size and material type, subsequent actual detection of particles of the same kind, with subsequent classification by size, electrical and morphological characteristics. Separation of nanoand microparticles by size before detection improves the sensitivity and selectivity of the detector both in size and material. The virtual impactor and dielectrophoresis method are considered for integration in a Lab-on-Chip type sensor. Detection of microparticles is performed by separating the dispersed phase from the aerosol followed by the analysis, or directly in the air flow. The classification of detection methods according to speed and functionality is given. Among the methods allowing detection of micrometer and submicrometer size particles, the most suitable for miniaturization and serial production of Lab-on-Chip sensors are the multi-wavelength photoelectric, MEMS, and capacitor elements.The microelectromechanics, microfluidics and microoptics technologies make it possible to create portable sensor systems of the Lab-on-Chip type to detect particulates matter of micrometer and submicrometer size. A micro-, nanoparticles detector prototype based on alumina technology using MEMS elements for a compact Lab-on-Chip type sensor is presented. The proposed design for multifunctional portable detector of airborne micro/nanoparticles is prospective for industry, transport, medicine, public and residential buildings applications.
Effectiveness Assessment of Energy-Saving System of Organized Supply and Exhaust Ventilation for Multi-Storey Buildings with Low Level Thermal Protection
Authors: Zafatayeu V. A. , Lankovich S. V. , Karaliova T. I. , Niyakovskii A. M. 
Published: April 2022

By usage of the technical and economic calculation method developed by the authors for installations with recuperative-type heat exchangers, the operational modes of the centralized supply and exhaust system of organized ventilation, in which the supplying air is heated by the solar radiation heat and the heat of the air removed from the premises, have been investigated in the paper. The paper presents results of the thermal and economic efficiency assessment of such ventilation system for multi-storey buildings. A comparison of the thermal energy consumption for the needs of heating and ventilation through the use of the proposed ventilation system has been made for two variants of buildings – with the thermal protection level of enclosing structures that meets modern regulatory requirements (buildings with heat consumption up to 130 kW×h/(m2×year)), and for a building similar in terms of planning structure, but with enclosing structures, the insulation level of which corresponds to buildings built before 1993 (buildings with heat consumption up to 260 kW×h/(m2×year)). The temperature conditions have been determined under which it becomes necessary to turn on the operation of devices for additional (peak) heating of the supply air, when the thermal potential of solar radiation and secondary energy resources is insufficient to provide the calculated temperature of the supply air. For the ventilation system under consideration, it has been established that the thermal resistance of the building envelope influences the indicators of the thermodynamic and economic efficiency of the proposed solution. The climatic conditions under which the utilization of the exhaust air heat in the proposed ventilation system is technically justified and economically expedient have been determined. The results of the research
Optimization of Rectangular Articulated Reinforced Concrete Smooth and Ribbed Slabs Using Resource Reduction Method
Authors: Verbitskaya O. L. , Shevchuk L. I. 
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the optimization problem of hinged reinforced concrete rectangular smooth and ribbed slabs. The static calculation of the slabs has been performed while using the finite element method. The model is built from rectangular finite elements containing four nodes each and having twelve degrees of freedom. The load is presented in the form of nodal vertical forces. To take into account the nonlinearity of the deformation of reinforced concrete, the finite elements are taken as inhomogeneous multilayer plates. The modulus of elasticity changed according to the hyperbolic dependence. The determination of the stress-strain state has been carried out by the iterative method. For optimization, a method has been used to reduce resources for strength, stiffness, and crack opening with gradient descent along the boundary of the allowable area. The cost of the material spent on the manufacture of the slab and the volume of concrete are taken as objective functions. Restrictions on strength, stiffness and width of cracks are set. By scanning, the boundaries of the admissible search area for the optimal solution are set; the boundary of this region has a curvilinear outline. According to the results of the calculation, the trajectories of the search for optimal solution are obtained. Examples are given and optimal solutions are found for various starting points. It has been established that for the accepted conditions of the problem, the extreme points are located near the boundaries of the admissible region. The speed of gradient descent and the location of the starting points do not significantly affect the results. Due to the fact that the objective function can have several minima, a method is proposed to search for a global minimum by preliminary scanning and analysis of extrema values. It is confirmed that the applied method ensures the stability of the optimal solution.
Use of Cement Granulate in Road Construction
Authors: Zinevich S. I. , Кayumov A. К. , Коvalyov D. M. 
Published: April 2022

The possibility of using cement granulate, a product of processing old cement concrete and waste generated during the demolition of buildings and structures, has been studied in the construction, reconstruction and repair of highways. The use of recycled materials in the road industry is one of the sources of saving natural raw materials. In addition, the use of waste solves environmental problems through the disposal of old waste materials and structures. Having completed the study of cement granulate, the possibility of using it for the construction of foundations for road pavements, as well as a substitute for crushed stone in the manufacture of concrete slabs of prefabricated coverings, has been determined. In the first case of using cement granulate, the wedge method is effective. It has been experimentally confirmed that the remains of cement mortar on the surface of used crushed stone contribute to its better wedging, thereby creating a more durable base layer. In order to assess the possibility of using cement granulate as a substitute for crushed stone for the manufacture of prefabricated concrete slab, standard studies of this material were carried out, the composition of the cement concrete mixture was selected, and standard samples were manufactured and tested. The test results have shown that the use of cement granulate for such purposes is quite acceptable. In particular, the average strength of the samples in the tested batch turned out to be 45.13 MPa and the guaranteed strength was 35.13 MPa, which corresponds to the B35 class of concrete. These indicators demonstrate that the use of cement granulate may well be in demand in the construction and reconstruction of local roads. At present, as it is known, a program is being implemented to improve the transport and operational level of local roads, and this is about 70 thousand kilometers. And here, of course, a huge amount of road construction materials will be required.