bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal scaling of random walk Metropolis algorithms using Bayesian large-sample asymptotics
Authors: Schmon Sebastian M. , Gagnon Philippe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh-dimensional limit theorems have been shown useful to derive tuning rules for finding the optimal scaling in random walk Metropolis algorithms. The assumptions under which weak convergence results are proved are, however, restrictive: the target density is typically assumed to be of a product form. Users may thus doubt the validity of such tuning rules in practical applications. In this paper, we shed some light on optimal scaling problems from a different perspective, namely a large-sample one. This allows to prove weak convergence results under realistic assumptions and to propose novel parameter-dimension-dependent tuning guidelines. The proposed guidelines are consistent with the previous ones when the target density is close to having a product form, and the results highlight that the correlation structure has to be accounted for to avoid performance deterioration if that is not the case, while justifying the use of a natural (asymptotically exact) approximation to the correlation matrix that can be employed for the very first algorithm run.
Learning to solve ill-defined statistics problems: does self-explanation quality mediate the worked example effect?
Authors: Bichler Sarah , Stadler Matthias , Bühner Markus , Greiff Samuel , Fischer Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtensive research has established that successful learning from an example is conditional on an important learning activity: self-explanation. Moreover, a model for learning from examples suggests that self-explanation quality mediates effects of examples on learning outcomes (Atkinson et al. in Rev Educ Res 70:181–214, 2000). We investigated self-explanation quality as mediator in a worked examples—problem-solving paradigm. We developed a coding scheme to assess self-explanation quality in the context of ill-defined statistics problems and analyzed self-explanation data of a study by Schwaighofer et al. (J Educ Psychol 108: 982–1000, 2016). Schwaighofer et al. (J Educ Psychol 108: 982–1000, 2016) investigated whether the worked example effect depends on prior knowledge, working memory capacity, shifting ability, and fluid intelligence. In our study, we included these variables to jointly explore mediating and moderating factors when individuals learn with worked examples versus through problem-solving. Seventy-four university students (mean age = 23.83, SD = 5.78) completed an open item pretest, self-explained while either studying worked examples or solving problems, and then completed a post-test. We used conditional process analysis to test whether the effect of worked examples on learning gains is mediated by self-explanation quality and whether any effect in the mediation model depends on the suggested moderators. We reproduced the interaction effects reported by Schwaighofer et al. (J Educ Psychol 108: 982–1000, 2016) but did not detect a mediation effect. This might indicate that worked examples are directly effective because they convey a solution strategy, which might be particularly important when learning to solve problems that have no algorithmic solution procedure.
Uphill Quenching to Reduce Residual Stress in Aluminium Alloy 7449 Hollow Structures
Authors: Robinson J. S. , O’ Donovan A. , Wimpory R. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUphill quenching (UHQ) of heat treatable aluminium alloy components is a long established but rarely practiced or investigated method of reducing residual stresses. The efficacy of the technique has not been quantified on thin walled structures before and this investigation will address that deficiency.ObjectiveTo quantify the impact of uphill quenching on thin walled structure with regards to residual stress and warpage, and compare and contrast to both quenching into cold water and a 30% polyalkylene glycol (PAG) solution.MethodsRectilinear hollow boxes were made from the very high strength aerospace aluminium alloy 7449. These were heat treated and aged using a variety of processing methods including uphill quenching from -196 °C to 100 °C using steam. Residual stresses have been characterised using neutron and x-ray diffraction.ResultsCompared to conventional quenching into cold water, both PAG and UHQ are shown to significantly lower the residual stresses. However, while PAG quenching results in a large uniform reduction in both residual stress and warpage, UHQ is much more localised and limited to regions adjacent to direct steam impingement. These regions are also warped. The depth of penetration of the stress relief during UHQ is shown to be 5 mm.ConclusionsWhile uphill quenching is shown to be capable of locally stress relieving an aluminium alloy, it is far less effective compared to PAG quenching.
A sensitive, robust method for determining natural and synthetic hormones in surface and wastewaters by continuous solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chafi Safae , Ballesteros Evaristo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Over recent decades, steroidal estrogens have become an emerging and very serious issue as they pose a serious threat to living organisms, soil, plants, and water resources in general. Estrogens have therefore been the subject of considerable scientific attention in order to develop new methodologies for its determination, being able of detecting them at very low concentrations. Those procedures minimize or eliminate the consumption of organic solvents and reagents that may be incompatible with the environment. In this respect, we developed a sensitive, selective method for the simultaneous determination of thirteen natural and synthetic hormones present at the nanogram-per-liter level in various types of water by using continuous solid-phase extraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The target analytes were preferentially sorbed on an Oasis HLB sorbent column (80 mg) and eluted with acetone (600 µL) for derivatization with a mixture of 70 µL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane and 35 µL of petroleum ether in a household microwave oven at 200 W for 4 min. Under optimum conditions, the ensuing method exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.998), good precision (RSD ≤ 7%), high recoveries (92–103%), and low detection limits (0.01–0.3 ng L−1). The method outperforms existing alternatives in robustness, sensitivity, throughput, flexibility—it allows both estrogens, progestogens, and androgens to be determined simultaneously—and compliance with the principles of Green Chemistry. It was successfully used to analyze various types of water samples (mineral, tap, well, pond, swimming pool, river, and waste) that were found to contain four estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and hexestrol), two progestogens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone), and one progestogen (progesterone) at concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 110 ng L−1.
Three-dimensional sinkhole stability of spherical cavity
Authors: Shiau Jim , Chudal Bishal , Keawsawasvong Suraparb 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSinkhole occurrences due to underground water mains operations have piqued people’s curiosity. Most research works were in relation to geophysical practices to discover the subsurface cavity. Very few works can be found in relation to the investigation of soil stability due to underground cavity shapes. The actual shape of an underground cavity and its transformation is difficult to predict, though the sinkhole failures are mostly circular in shape on the ground surface. This study explores the three-dimensional collapse stability of three distinct idealized cavity geometries, namely the circular, semi-spherical, and spherical cavities. For an active failure, dimensionless parameters are used to investigate the combined impacts of soil cover, surcharge pressure, soil weight, and internal pressure using advanced finite element limit analysis. Numerical results are compared with the two-dimensional axisymmetric results, and design charts presented to cover a wide range of design parameters for practical applications.
Was bedeutet Systemrelevanz in Zeiten der Pandemie?
Authors: Kaldewey David 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was Systemrelevanz in Zeiten der Pandemie bedeutet und inwieweit „Systemrelevanz“ über die Pandemie hinaus zu einem Baustein der gesellschaftspolitischen Semantik des 21. Jahrhunderts werden könnte. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden empirische, theoretische und gedankenexperimentelle Überlegungen verknüpft. Der erste Teil versteht Systemrelevanz als Akteurskategorie und untersucht die Karriere und die Bedeutungsverschiebung des Begriffs in verschiedenen diskursiven Kontexten. Der zweite Teil versteht Systemrelevanz als analytische Kategorie und diskutiert drei theoretische Perspektiven, die einhergehen mit der Etablierung quasi-soziologischer, im Alltag und in der Politik verwendbarer Beobachtungsschemata. Der dritte Teil schließlich widmet sich den konzeptionellen Herausforderungen der Soziologie während und nach der Pandemie. Ausgehend von einer Leerstelle des Systemrelevanz-Diskurses wird die These entwickelt, dass wir über Systemrelevanz nicht sinnvoll sprechen können, ohne zugleich über die erwartete oder geplante Dauer zu sprechen, mit der in Krisensituationen bestimmte Institutionen außer Betrieb genommen oder in einen Minimalbetrieb versetzt werden.
Microglia Modulate Cortical Spreading Depolarizations After Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kearns Kathryn N. , Liu Lei , Soldozy Sauson , Sharifi Khadijeh A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Park Min S. , Tvrdik Petr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs) are characterized by waves of diminished electroencephalography activity that propagate across the cortex with subsequent loss of ionic homeostasis. CSDs have been found in many pathological conditions, including migraine, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke. Because of CSD-associated ionic and metabolic disturbances at the peri-infarct area after ischemic stroke, it is thought that CSDs exacerbate tissue infarction and worsen clinical outcomes. Microglia, the main innate immune cells in the brain, are among the first responders to brain tissue damage. Recent studies demonstrated that microglia play a critical role in CSD initiation and propagation. In this article, we discuss the significance of CSD in the setting of ischemic stroke and how microglia may modulate peri-infarct CSDs, also known as iso-electric depolarizations. Finally, we discuss the significance of microglial Ca2+ and how it might be used as a potential therapeutic target for patients with ischemic stroke.
Associations of home confinement during COVID-19 lockdown with subsequent health and well-being among UK adults
Authors: Shiba Koichiro , Cowden Richard G. , Counted Victor , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Kingdom (UK) government introduced public health safety measures to mitigate the spikes in infection rates. This included stay-at-home orders that prevented people from leaving their homes for work or study, except for urgent medical care or buying essential items. This practice could have both short and long-term implications for health and wellbeing of people in the UK. Using longitudinal data of 10,630 UK adults, this study prospectively examined the association between home confinement status during the stringent lockdown in the UK (March 23-May 13, 2020) and 20 indicators of subjective well-being, social well-being, pro-social/altruistic behaviors, psychological distress, and health behaviors assessed approximately one month after the stringent lockdown ended. All analyses adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and social isolation status in the beginning of the pandemic. Home confinement during the lockdown was associated with greater subsequent compliance with COVID-19 rules, more perceived major stressors, and a lower prevalence of physical activity. There was modest evidence of associations with lower life satisfaction, greater loneliness, greater depressive symptoms, greater anxiety symptoms, and more perceived minor stressors post-lockdown. However, there was little evidence that home confinement was associated with other indices of subsequent health and well-being. While our study shows that home confinement impacts some indices of subsequent health and wellbeing outcomes even after lockdown, the degree of the psychological adaptation to the difficult confinement behavior remains unclear and should be further studied.
The Cooperation Paradox
Authors: Clemons Eric K. , Schreieck Maximilian , Hermes Sebastian , Rowe Frantz , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDominant American online platforms like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant have become Life Control Interfaces (LCIs), which facilitate consumers’ online interactions and influence what consumers do and do not see and buy. These platforms operate outside of EU regulation, and create significant costs for traditional European firms in a wide range of industries. These platforms can reduce firms’ access to customers, can charge for enabling access to customers, or can charge for access to essential data on firms’ customers. Since these platforms enjoy monopoly power there is little restraint on their charges, which indirectly increase consumers’ prices. We propose that regulators encourage the formation of a consortium to offer a single integrated EU-based Life Control Interface (EuLCI). This consortium would increase the number of EuLCIs from zero to one, and thus would actually increase consumer choice. We call cooperation that enhances rather than limits choice The Cooperation Paradox.
The risk-neutral non-additive probability with market frictions
Authors: Chateauneuf Alain , Cornet Bernard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fundamental theory of asset pricing has been developed under the two main assumptions that markets are frictionless and have no arbitrage opportunities. In this case the market enforces that replicable assets are valued by a linear function of their payoffs, or as the discounted expectation with respect to the so-called risk-neutral probability. Important evidence of the presence of frictions in financial markets has led to study market pricing rules in such a framework. Recently, Cerreia-Vioglio et al. (J Econ Theory 157:730–762, 2015) have extended the Fundamental Theorem of Finance by showing that, with markets frictions, requiring the put–call parity to hold, together with the mild assumption of translation invariance, is equivalent to the market pricing rule being represented as a discounted Choquet expectation with respect to a risk-neutral nonadditive probability. This paper continues this study by characterizing important properties of the (unique) risk-neutral nonadditive probability $$v_f$$

v
f

associated with a Choquet pricing rule f, when it is not assumed to be subadditive. First, we show that the observed violation of the call–put parity, a condition considered by Chateauneuf et al. (Math Financ 6:323–330, 1996) similar to the put–call parity in Cerreia-Vioglio et al. (2015), is consistent with the existence of bid-ask spreads. Second, the balancedness of $$v_f$$

v
f

—or equivalently the non-vacuity of its core—is characterized by an arbitrage-free condition that eliminates all the arbitrage opportunities that can be obtained by splitting payoffs in parts; moreover the (nonempty) core of $$v_f$$

v
f

consists of additive probabilities below $$v_f$$

v
f

whose associated (standard) expectations are all below the Choquet pricing rule f. Third, by strengthening again the previous arbitrage-free condition, we show the existence of a strictly positive risk-neutral probability below $$v_f$$

v
f

, which allows to recover the standard formulation of the Fundamental Theorem of Finance for frictionless markets.
Is there a relationship between student attitudes and behavior regarding integrity issues?
Authors: Mol Hanneke , van den Hoven Mariëtte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStimulating responsible conduct of research is considered important within universities and research organizations. In this contribution, we investigated if there are gender differences regarding three aspects: students’ attitudes towards integrity related issues, self-reported misconduct, and suspicions of misconduct and willingness to report fellow students. A questionnaire was sent to 1266 first year starting master students in the life sciences. Male students were significantly more likely to report not doing their fair share in group work and putting their name on work without checking it. No significant differences were found regarding attitude and suspecting and reporting other students.
Applications of machine learning to behavioral sciences: focus on categorical data
Authors: Dehghan Pegah , Alashwal Hany , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the last two decades, advancements in artificial intelligence and data science have attracted researchers' attention to machine learning. Growing interests in applying machine learning algorithms can be observed in different scientific areas, including behavioral sciences. However, most of the research conducted in this area applied machine learning algorithms to imagining and physiological data such as EEG and fMRI and there are relatively limited non-imaging and non-physiological behavioral studies which have used machine learning to analyze their data. Therefore, in this perspective article, we aim to (1) provide a general understanding of models built for inference, models built for prediction (i.e., machine learning), methods used in these models, and their strengths and limitations; (2) investigate the applications of machine learning to categorical data in behavioral sciences; and (3) highlight the usefulness of applying machine learning algorithms to non-imaging and non-physiological data (e.g., clinical and categorical) data and provide evidence to encourage researchers to conduct further machine learning studies in behavioral and clinical sciences.
Impact of Flood Due to Typhoon Hagibis on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in the Disaster Area of Nagano City: A Sub-Analysis Using Data From the SAVE Trial
Authors: Komatsu Toshinori , Miura Takashi , Sunohara Daisuke , Yahikozawa Kumiko , Momose Tomoyasu , Kouno Tunesuke , Motoki Hirohiko , Mochidome Tomoaki , Kasai Toshio , Kuwahara Koichiro , Ikeda Uichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the effects of flooding due to Typhoon Hagibis on the incidence of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events in Nagano City.

Methods:
The SAVE trial retrospectively enrolled 2426 patients hospitalized for cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease in 5 hospitals in Nagano City from October 1 to December 31 in 2017 and 2018 (pre-disaster period) and in 2019 (post-disaster period). From these, 280 patients who were hospitalized in a district flooded in 2019 were recruited for the same period (October 12 to December 31) over the 3 years. The baseline characteristics of and the incidence of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease in cases from the flooded district in 2019 were compared with those of cases in the flooded district in 2017 and 2018.

Results:
The total number of patients with acute myocardial infarction did not differ significantly between the post- and pre-disaster periods. The incidence of unstable angina pectoris was significantly higher in 2019 (n = 4, 5.1%) than in 2017 and 2018 (n = 0, 0.0%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study did not prove the impact of flood due to a typhoon on the incidence of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events.
A Glyptagnostus reticulatus trilobite faunule from the Cambrian of the Northern Qilian Mountains, northwest China, and its paleogeographical implications
Authors: Zhu Xuejian , Hughes Nigel C. , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA Glyptagnostus reticulatus (Angelin, 1851)–bearing trilobite assemblage has been found from an unnamed Cambrian formation in the Northern Qilian Mountains area, of which geographical placement in the Cambrian is contested. Glyptagnostus reticulatus is a biostratigraphic indicator of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage, and three agnostoid and six polymerid taxa from the Changgou section, Daliang area are described herein, along with conspecific forms from the nearby Chuancigou section. This well-preserved assemblage shows strong taxonomic affinity with northwestern Queensland, Australia, and western Hunan–eastern Guizhou, China, and likely comes from deep outer-shelf to slope setting associated with the Northern Qilian arc. It is consistent with other arguments that during the Cambrian, the Northern Qilian arc, along with the Hexi Corridor of the Alxa terrane, were more closely allied to South China than to North China.
The first Middle Ordovician and Gondwanan record of the cincinnaticrinid crinoidOhiocrinus byeongseonin. sp. from South Korea: biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, and taphonomy
Authors: Park Hyeonmin , Lee Seung-Bae , Woo Jusun , Lee Dong-Chan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOhiocrinus byeongseonin. sp. from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) Jigunsan Formation of South Korea in the Sino-Korean (North China) block is the oldest species ofOhiocrinusof the Cincinnaticrinidae and the first record outside Laurentia.O.byeongseoniis characterized by a loosely clockwise-coiled anal sac, isotomous branching throughout arms, long, slender xenomorphic column, and small lichenocrinid-type holdfast. The new species occurs in association with a deep-water siliciclastic environment, unlike the Laurentian species with a shallow-water carbonate environment. The monospecific crinoid assemblage is interpreted as parautochthonous, considering that the crinoids were reworked by relatively weak down-current probably caused by storm but preserved within the environment where they lived. The occurrence ofO.byeongseonipresents a considerable spatiotemporal gap and ecologic disparity in evolution ofOhiocrinusand the Cincinnaticrinidae.UUID:http://zoobank.org/240417a4-8d33-4f45-aedb-afcc07f1ecbb
Alienated imagination through a mega development project in Turkey: the case of the Osman Gazi Bridge
Authors: Sert Deniz S. , Kuruüzüm Umut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the rise of the ruling Justice and Development Party in the early 2000s, Turkey has invested in several mega transport and infrastructure projects for the purposes of economic transformation, growth, and development. This article explores the impact of a recently completed mega-project—the Osman Gazi Bridge—on material change and popular imagination about the future. It claims that, while the Bridge created a colossal material change that can be observed by everyone, it also animated an imagined post-industrial transition and inclusive development in the industrial town of Dilovası. Although the dream of a better future serves as a medium for the industrial town’s underprivileged inhabitants to connect and socialize, along with the current marginalizing conditions, it also has the potential to fuel future resistance, if imagination is unable to be transformed into reality.