bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to perform a percutaneous cecal or colonic trocarization in horses with severe abdominal tympany
Authors: Schroeder Eric L. , Gardner Alison K. , Mudge Margaret C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCecal or colonic gas tympany of any cause may result in increased intraabdominal pressure, causing a significant decrease in venous return and cardiac output. Trocarization of the large colon or cecum in the event of large intestinal tympany may resolve gas distension and accompanying increased intraabdominal pressures sufficiently enough to promote resolution of a displaced large colon. Furthermore, trocarization of the medical colic may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with severe intraabdominal hypertension.DescriptionThis how‐to description details the technique of transcutaneous trocarization of the large colon and cecum in the standing horse using a 14‐gauge catheter.SummaryTrocarization is not a substitute for surgery in the severely gas‐distended painful horse exhibiting signs of colic that require surgery; however, it is a viable medical therapy with minimal risk that alleviates gas distention and may assist with correction of a colonic displacement in the horse.Key pointsThe majority of colic episodes involving the large colon can be managed medically without surgical intervention.Auscultation and percussion of the paralumbar fossa area will solicit an audible “ping” (gas/fluid interface), thus targeting the appropriate site for trocarization.Percutaneous trocarization allows for rapid controlled decompression of colonic or cecal tympany, permitting improvement of both ventilation and perfusion.In situations where a displacement or primary colonic or cecal tympany is suspected, trocarisation is deemed successful if the horse has resolution of colic signs and the physical examination parameters return to normal.Trocarization may be clinically advantageous by requiring less pain medication, decreased time in the hospital, decreased costs, and avoidance of surgical intervention; yet, this therapy should not take place of surgical intervention if deemed necessary.
Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Kuo Kendon , Palmer Lee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death.Clinical importanceThis review addresses the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock can be rapidly fatal and is the leading cause of death in human trauma patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock is imperative in understanding the current hemostatic and resuscitative strategies and is foundational to the development of new therapeutic options.Key Points
Shock is a state of inadequate cellular energy production and can be triggered by many causes
Both traumatic and non‐traumatic causes of hemorrhage can lead to the development of hemorrhagic shock
Prompt recognition and attenuation of hemorrhage is paramount in preventing the onset or potentiation of hemorrhagic shock
Acute hemorrhage produces distinct physiological responses depending on the magnitude and rate of hemorrhage.
Hemorrhagic shock may be directly related to the initial injury but may also be exacerbated and complicated by a post‐traumatic coagulopathy, termed acute traumatic coagulopathy
Indications and outcome associated with positive‐pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 127 cases
Authors: Cagle Laura A. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the indications and outcomes of positive‐pressure ventilation (PPV) and identify factors associated with successful weaning.DesignRetrospective study from October 2009 to September 2013.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred and eleven dogs and 16 cats.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, indication for PPV, patient characteristics, blood gas, and ventilator variables during PPV, duration of PPV, and outcome were recorded. Dogs were most commonly ventilated for pneumonia (36/111; 32%) and cats for multiple pulmonary diseases (8/16; 50%). The median duration of PPV for all animals was 25.7 h (range, 0.1–957 h). Long‐term PPV (≥24 h) was performed in 53% of cases. No differences were noted in successful weaning rates between cases ventilated for pulmonary etiologies (23/99; 23%) versus nonpulmonary etiologies (9/28; 32%). Overall, 32 of 127 (25%; 30 dogs, 2 cats) animals were successfully weaned from PPV and 28 of 127 (22%; 26 dogs, 2 cats) survived to hospital discharge. Long‐term ventilation had a higher likelihood of successful weaning (26/67 [39%] vs 6/60 [10%],P = 0.0002) and higher rates of survival to discharge (23/67 [34%] vs 5/60 [8%],P = 0.0005) than short‐term ventilation. Animals with higher Pao2/Fio2and Spo2/Fio2and lower APPLE and SOFA scores on day 1 of PPV were more likely to be weaned (P < 0.03).ConclusionsThe outcome of PPV appears to be most heavily determined by the underlying disease process and no clear improvement in outcome could be demonstrated in this study, despite advances in veterinary critical care and ventilator management strategies since previous studies. Dogs and cats receiving PPV for more than 24 h in this study had a higher likelihood of a positive outcome. Several indices of oxygenation and illness severity at the onset of PPV were predictive of outcome and maybe useful when considering prognosis of these cases.
The Utility of Quantitative Computed Tomography to Detect Differences in Subchondral Bone Mineral Density Between Healthy People and People With Pain Following Wrist Trauma
Authors: Straatman Lauren , Knowles Nikolas , Suh Nina , Walton David , Lalone Emily 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying chronic pain development following musculoskeletal trauma are complex and multifactorial. In their search, some researchers are turning to the subchondral bone as a potential contributor to pain due to its vascularity, using a depth-specific imaging technique. However, this technique has been mainly used in the knee. We propose the use of a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) depth-specific analysis to measure subchondral bone following wrist trauma. Ten participants (n = 5 post-trauma; n = 5 healthy) underwent bilateral computed tomography scans of their wrist accompanied by a calibration phantom with known densities. Average subchondral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was studied at three depths from the subchondral surface (0–2.5, 2.5–5, 5–7.5 mm) according to radial articular surface contact in both wrists of each participant. Percentage differences and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to analyze bilateral vBMD and vBMD differences between groups. This image-based tool demonstrated subject-specific, depth-specific, and joint-specific measures of vBMD within the wrist. This methodology highlighted the differences between depth-specific vBMD in healthy people and people who have experienced wrist trauma. Overall, the healthy cohort demonstrated higher vBMD across all three depths and both articular surfaces. This imaging technique further distinguished between subchondral cortical and trabecular bones, wherein clinical implications can be drawn from these distinctions in future work. Our study therefore supports the utility of a QCT imaging technique in detecting differences in depth-specific vBMD in the wrist.
Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel/Higher Alcohol Blends
Authors: Sastry Gadepalli Ravikiran , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Bharath Raju L. B. , Panda Jibitesh Kumar , Bhurat Swapnil Sureshchandra , Burra Bhasker 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Emission and combustion parameters of common rail direct injection combustion engine with different proportions of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and long-carbon-chain alcohol blends on performance are the main motive of this research. To lessen the dependency on diesel fuel and reduce harmful emissions, 1-hexanol is used, as it has better fuel properties than small-carbon-chain alcohol, and it can be blended with diesel. In common rail direct injection combustion engine, research was conducted, in which fuel blends (1-hexanol-diesel) were variant, i.e., (10%, 20%, 30%) by volume whereas engine speed was fixed at 1500 rpm by varying the load at 25% step from 25 to 100%. Blends were examined with various exhaust gas recirculation rates (10 and 20%) to see what impact they have on engine properties. It was observed that the higher the proportion of 1-Hexanol, the lower the engine performance. The research revealed that for the blend D70H30, around 8.24% rise in brake specific fuel consumption, slight rise in hydrocarbon, 2.80% reduction in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and 16.70% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. With 1-hexanol-diesel blends, the engine is noted to function effortlessly, so as a substitute to the diesel upto 30% of the 1-hexanol can be used while increasing the total cost of implementation. Increase in hexanol and EGR percentage shown negative impact on the brake thermal efficiency, HC and CO emission however, NOx and CO2 emissions were found to be decreased.
Comparison of Local and Averaged Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficients on Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Obtained With Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Che Min , Elbel Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Numerical methods are often used to obtain two-dimensional air-side heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) on heat exchanger (HX) fin surfaces. The model's accuracy is usually verified through averaged HTCs by comparing with published experimental results. However, substantial disagreement is not uncommon and can hardly be explained by averaged HTCs. This study focuses on comparing experimental, local air-side HTCs to numerical ansys fluent results. A mass transfer experimental method was employed to obtain HTC distributions on the fin-and-tube HX fin surfaces. Therefore, disagreements between the experimental and numerical results can be explained in detail. There are several significant findings: inaccurate predictions of local HTCs are observed even though the averaged HTCs from the numerical method may agree with the averaged experimental results under some conditions. The models fail to capture horseshoe vortices, underestimate the HTCs in the wake region of the tubes, and overpredict row-by-row HTC degradation. Moreover, the accuracy of the numerical model decreases when the complexity of geometry increases. For the flat plate, numerically obtained HTCs agree with the experimental results within 10%. However, the error is more than 30% for the eight-row HX. Nonetheless, the model's accuracy becomes worse at higher airflow velocities. Oversized fin-and-tube HXs with multiple tube rows are often selected as a result of using the underpredicted averaged air-side HTCs from the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Thence, the authors have proposed a corrective method to improve the accuracy of the numerical model.
Effect of Yoga on the Motor Proficiency of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Feasibility of its Inclusion in Special School Environments
Authors: Shanker Sindhu , Pradhan Balaram 
Published: January 2022

Yoga as a movement-based intervention is increasingly considered to improve the motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is little evidence of the effect of yoga on their motor skills. The current study aims to explore the effect of group yoga program on motor proficiency of children with ASD and feasibility of its inclusion in special schools. Forty-three children with ASD from four special schools were randomized into yoga (n = 23) and control (n = 20) group. A structured yoga program of 45 min for 12 weeks was delivered by trained yoga teachers who also tracked their daily responses. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Second Edition was used to assess both the groups pre- and postintervention. In conclusion, the study highlighted that yoga appears to have a positive impact on the gross motor rather than fine motor proficiency of children with ASD and is feasible to be delivered as group intervention in special schools.
Nimble Approach: fast, adapting, calculating and ethically mindful approach to managing colorectal cancer screening programmes during a pandemic
Authors: Baxter Nancy N , Facey Marcia , Ruco Arlinda , Baker Natalie A , Sorvari Anne , Benmessaoud Amina , Dube Catherine , Rabeneck Linda , Tinmouth Jill 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe a conceptual framework that provides understanding of the challenges encountered and the adaptive approaches taken by organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative case study of international CRC screening programmes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with programme managers/leaders and programme experts, researchers and clinical leaders of large, population-based screening programmes. Data analysis, using elements of grounded theory, as well as cross-cases analysis was conducted by two experienced qualitative researchers.Results19 participants were interviewed from seven programmes in North America, Europe and Australasia. A conceptual framework (‘Nimble Approach’) was the key outcome of the analysis. Four concepts constitute this approach to managing CRC screening programmes during COVID-19: Fast (meeting the need to make decisions and communicate quickly), Adapting (flexibly and creatively managing testing/colonoscopy capacity, access and backlogs), Calculating (modelling and actively monitoring programmes to inform decision-making and support programme quality) and Ethically Mindful (considering ethical conundrums emerging from programme responses). Highly integrated programmes, those with highly integrated communication networks, and that managed greater portions of the screening process seemed best positioned to respond to the crisis.ConclusionsThe Nimble Approach has potentially broad applications; it can be deployed to effectively respond to programme-specific challenges or manage CRC programmes during future pandemics, other health crises or emergencies.
Assessment of female authorship inJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery(JNIS) publications in 2016–2020
Authors: Javed Kainaat , Altschul Dorothea , Albuquerque Felipe C , Hirsch Joshua A 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSince female neurointerventionalists make up a minority of the work force, the contributions this group has made to academic scholarship should be highlighted.ObjectiveThe main objective of this project was to identify all of the recent papers published in theJournal of NeuroInterventional Surgery(JNIS) by female first authors or last authors over 5 years.MethodsThe online issues of JNIS from January 2016 through December 2020 were reviewed. Data were collected on the number and types of articles published monthly. For each article, the gender of the first author and the senior author was evaluated. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare female authorship trends between 2016 and 2020.ResultsIn 2016, 38 (14.8%) of the 257 articles published had female involvement compared with 60 (22.8%) of 263 articles in 2020 (p=0.019). In 2016, 9.7% of all articles had a female first author only, 3.9% had a female last author only, and 1.2% had both a female first and last author. In 2020, the percentages increased to 14.5%, 6.5%, and 1.9% respectively. Over 80% of the articles published in 2016 and 2020 by female authors were original research articles. One editorial commentary and two special topic articles were published by female authors in 2020 compared with none in 2016.ConclusionMore papers were published by female authors in JNIS in 2020 relative to 2016. Most of these papers had a female first author, and were original research articles.
Patient and clinician perceptions of the trauma and acute care surgery hospitalization discharge transition of care: a qualitative study
Authors: McFadden Nikia R , Gosdin Melissa M , Jurkovich Gregory J , Utter Garth H 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTrauma and acute care surgery (TACS) patients face complex barriers associated with hospitalization discharge that hinder successful recovery. We sought to better understand the challenges in the discharge transition of care, which might suggest interventions that would optimize it.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study of patient and clinician perceptions about the hospital discharge process at an urban level 1 trauma center. We performed semi-structured interviews that we recorded, transcribed, coded both deductively and inductively, and analyzed thematically. We enrolled patients and clinicians until we achieved data saturation.ResultsWe interviewed 10 patients and 10 clinicians. Most patients (70%) were male, and the mean age was 57±16 years. Clinicians included attending surgeons, residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, and case managers. Three themes emerged. (1)Communication(patient-clinician and clinician-clinician): clinicians understood that the discharge process malfunctions when communication with patients is not clear. Many patients discussed confusion about their discharge plan. Clinicians lamented that poorly written discharge summaries are an inadequate means of communication between inpatient and outpatient clinicians. (2)Discharge teaching and written instructions: patients appreciated discharge teaching but found written discharge instructions to be overwhelming and unhelpful. Clinicians preferred spending more time teaching patients and understood that written instructions contain too much jargon. (3)Outpatient care coordination: patients and clinicians identified difficulties with coordinating ongoing outpatient care. Both identified the patient’s primary care physician and insurance coverage as important determinants of the outpatient experience.ConclusionTACS patients face numerous challenges at hospitalization discharge. Clinicians struggle to effectively help their patients with this stressful transition. Future interventions should focus on improving communication with patients, active communication with a patient’s primary care physician, repurposing, and standardizing the discharge summary to serve primarily as a means of care coordination, and assisting the patient with navigating the transition.Level of evidenceIII—descriptive, exploratory study.
Transition-Metal Single Atom Catalysts for Highly Efficient Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Haotian 
Published: January 2022

Utilizing solar energy to fix CO2 with water into chemical fuels and oxygen, a mimic process of photosynthesis in nature, is becoming increasingly important but still challenged by low selectivity and activity, especially in CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. Here, we report transition-metal atoms coordinated in a graphene shell as active centers for aqueous CO2 reduction to CO with high Faradaic efficiencies over 90% under significant currents up to ∼60 mA/mg 1 or a CO evolution rate of 3.81 mmol/h.2 We employed three-dimensional atom probe tomography to directly identify the single Ni atomic sites in graphene vacancies. Theoretical simulations suggest that compared with metallic Ni, the Ni atomic sites present different electronic structures that facilitate CO2-to-CO conversion and suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction dramatically. Coupled with Li+-tuned Co3O4 oxygen evolution catalyst and powered by a triple-junction solar cell, our artificial photosynthesis system achieves a peak solar-to-CO efficiency of 12.7% by using earth-abundant transition-metal electrocatalysts in a pH-equal system.

References

(1) Jiang, K.; Siahrostami, S.; Akey, A.J.; Li, Y.; Lu, Z.; Lattimer, J; Hu, Y.; Stokes, C.; Gangishetty, M.; Chen, G.; Zhou, Y.; Hill, W.; Cai, W.B.; Bell, D.C.; Chan, K.; Nørskov, J.K.; Cui, Y.; Wang, H. Chem
2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.09.014.
(2) Jiang, K.; Siahrostami, S.; Zheng, T.; Hu, Y.; Hwang, S.; Stavitski, E.; Peng, Y; Dynes, J.; Gangishetty, M.; Su, D.; Attenkofer, K.; Wang, H. submitted.
Identification of Active Bronchioalveolar Stem Cells as the Cell of Origin in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Huijing , Jing Bo , Xu Dongliang , Guo Wenzheng , Sun Beibei , Zhang Jie , Liao Yueling , Song Hongyong , Wang Tong , Liu Shuli , Kuang Yanbin , Hu Min , Li Kaimi , Zhang Siwei , Zhang Hongjia , Xu Jianhua , Li Xue , Du Jing , Wu Yadi , Wu Yingli , Wang Qi , Yao Feng , Chin Yueh Eugene , Zhou Binhua P. , Deng Jiong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

While initiation is established as a critical step in tumorigenesis, the identity of the cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma and the mechanism controlling susceptibility to initiation remain elusive. Here we show that lung tumor suppressor Gprc5a-knockout (KO) mice are susceptible to initiation of lung tumorigenesis. Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC) and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells were aberrantly expanded in Gprc5a-KO mouse lungs compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that Gprc5a-KO might confer susceptibility to initiation by increasing the cell of origin in mouse lungs. BASCs from Gprc5a-KO mice (KO-BASC) exhibited significantly increased stemness and self-renewal potential and reduced differentiation capacity compared with BASCs from WT mice (WT-BASC). AT2 cells did not possess self-renewal potential regardless of Gprc5a status. KO-BASCs expressed a stem-like gene profile with upregulated Abcg2, EGFR, and NF-κB signaling compared with WT-BASCs. Blockade of EGFR and NF-κB signaling inhibited both expansion of BASC and AT2 cells and lung tumorigenesis. Abcg2 was expressed in active KO-BASCs as well as in lung tumor cells but not in quiescent WT-BASCs or AT2 cells, supporting that lung adenocarcinoma cells are derived from Abcg2-positive KO-BASCs (active). Taken together, Gprc5a deletion leads to expansion of active BASCs via dysregulated EGFR and NF-κB signaling that confers susceptibility to initiation of lung tumorigenesis, marking Abcg2-positive BASCs as candidate cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma.

Significance:
Identification of active bronchioalveolar stem cells as lung adenocarcinoma cells of origin provides insights into mechanisms of lung tumorigenesis and could facilitate development of effective strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
See related commentary by Osborne and Minna, p. 972