bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised spectral metrics for body surface measurements of gastric electrophysiology
Authors: Schamberg Gabriel , Varghese Chris , Calder Stefan , Waite Stephen , Erickson Jonathan , O'Grady Greg , Gharibans Armen A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrogastrography (EGG) non‐invasively evaluates gastric function but has not achieved common clinical adoption due to several technical limitations. Body Surface Gastric Mapping (BSGM) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but pitfalls in traditional metrics used to analyze spectral data remain unaddressed. This study critically evaluates five traditional EGG metrics and introduces improved BSGM spectral metrics, with validation in a large cohort.MethodsPitfalls in five EGG metrics were assessed (dominant frequency, percentage time normogastria, amplitude, power ratio, and instability coefficient), leading to four revised BSGM spectral metrics. Traditional and revised metrics were compared to validate performance using a standardized 100‐subject database of BSGM tests (30 min baseline; 4‐h postprandial) recorded using Gastric Alimetry® (Alimetry).Key ResultsBMI and amplitude were highly correlated (r = −0.57, p < 0.001). We applied a conservative BMI correction to obtain a BMI‐adjusted amplitude metric (r = −0.21, p = 0.037). Instability coefficient was highly correlated with both dominant frequency (r = −0.44, p < 0.001), and percent bradygastria (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), in part due to misclassification of low frequency transients as gastric activity. This was corrected by introducing distinct gastric frequency and stability metrics (Principal Gastric Frequency and Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA‐RI)TM) that were uncorrelated (r = 0.14, p = 0.314). Only 28% of subjects showed a maximal averaged amplitude within the first postprandial hour. Calculating Fed:Fasted Amplitude Ratio over a 4‐h postprandial window yielded a median increase of 0.31 (IQR 0–0.64) above the traditional ratio.Conclusions & InferencesThe revised metrics resolve critical pitfalls impairing the performance of traditional EGG, and should be applied in future BSGM spectral analyses.
Structural and functional changes of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus in patients with skeletal classIIImalocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery
Authors: Hongyu Li , Yulin Liu , Wanye Tan , Xiaoguang LI , Fenghe Zhang , Qing Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to analyse changes in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus structure and function in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion 1 year after bimaxillary surgery.Materials and MethodsIn this study, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 20 patients (10 men and 10 women; mean age 24.3 ± 3.4 years) with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were obtained before and 1 year after the surgery. CBCT data were stored opened with element 3D (E3D) to establish a nasal airway model (the paranasal sinus includes only the maxillary sinus). Ansys (ANSYS) software is used for simulation and analysis.ResultsThe maxillary sinus and nasal cavity volumes decreased significantly 1 year after the surgery. After surgery, the volume of nasal cavity decreased by 13.5%, and the average volume of maxillary sinus decreased by 7.8%. There was no significant difference in the degree of deviation of the septum and nasal cavity resistance, and air distribution in the maxillary sinus did not change. The nasal cavity wall shear stress change was similar to that before surgery.ConclusionsThe maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity volume of patients with skeletal class III malocclusion changed significantly after bimaxillary surgery, but there was no significant change in nasal ventilation function 1 year after surgery.
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of solitary fibrous tumour: A case report
Authors: Sousa Julliany Taverny , Gonçalo Rani Iani Costa , Carlan Leonardo Magalhães , de Moraes dos Santos Janaina Lessa , Queiroz Lélia Maria Guedes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an uncommon soft tissue lesion, and even rarer in the oral cavity, where it presents a similar clinical presentation to other lesions that affect the oral cavity. Due to its broad morphological spectrum, the histopathological diagnosis might be challenging and, for a definite diagnosis, the use of complementary tools is usually required, such as immunohistochemistry. We aimed to report a case of a 31‐year‐old man with an asymptomatic, slightly purplish nodule located on the dorsum of the tongue. The intraoral physical examination revealed the presence of a nodular exophytic lesion and fibrous consistency, measuring 0.9 cm. The histopathological examination revealed a proliferation of mesenchymal cells with variable morphology in a stroma consisting of dense fibrous connective tissue with areas of hyalinization, in addition to numerous vascular structures with a “staghorn‐shaped” appearance. Considering the unspecific histopathological features, we performed the immunohistochemistry technique, which revealed diffuse positivity for CD34, focal positivity for Bcl‐2 and negativity for S100. Therefore, combined clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features enable the conclusive diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour. We emphasize the importance of knowledge about the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated lesions that affect the soft tissues to distinguish SFT from other neoplasms and, thus, perform the most appropriate treatment.
On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: a case study using the large‐bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus
Authors: Hart Lachlan J. , Campione Nicolás E. , McCurry Matthew R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTemnospondyli are a morphologically varied and ecologically diverse clade of tetrapods that survived for over 200 million years. The body mass of temnospondyls is a key variable in inferring their ecological, physiological and biomechanical attributes. However, estimating the body mass of these extinct creatures has proven difficult because the group has no extant descendants. Here we apply a wide range of body mass estimation techniques developed for tetrapods to the iconic temnospondyls Paracyclotosaurus davidi and Eryops megacephalus. These same methods are also applied to a collection of extant organisms that serve as ecological and morphological analogues. These include the giant salamanders Andrias japonicus and Andrias davidianus, the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum, the California newt Taricha torosa and the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. We find that several methods can provide accurate mass estimations across this range of living taxa, suggesting their suitability for estimating the body masses of temnospondyls. Based on this, we estimate the mass of Paracyclotosaurus to have been between 159 and 365 kg, and that of Eryops between 102 and 222 kg. These findings provide a basis for examining body size evolution in this clade across their entire temporal span.
Affective Activism and Digital Archiving: Relief Work and Migrant Workers during the Covid‐19 Lockdown in India
Authors: Sriraman Tarangini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article traces what I term the affective activism of volunteers, civil society organizations, and lorry drivers engaged in relief work to assist stranded migrant workers wanting to travel home during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic and national lockdown in India. I define affective activism as an archival practice that is driven by relief figures’ affects of fear, anger, and aspirations—in this instance, toward their legal and administrative accountability to funders. Drawing on my ethnographic work in a relief network and using independent interviews I conducted, this article critically compares two modalities of digital archiving conducted by relief figures: collecting migrant workers’ Aadhaar—unique biometric number identifiers issued to Indians—and digitally archiving their relief efforts through videos, voice‐notes, and WhatsApp Messenger screenshots. I argue that relief figures expressed their anxieties in the form of talismanic beliefs that records of Aadhaar and their material infrastructure would keep safe the migrant workers they were trying to help. Alternately, and sometimes, concomitantly, they performatively deployed Whatsapp artifacts to support their accountability in the face of bureaucratic and political specters. Both forms highlight the desire of relief figures to exceed paper forms and state practices in their archival impulses. [affective activism, India relief work, Covid‐19 lockdown, migrant workers, digital archiving, and visual politics]
“Cover Your Ass”: Individual Accountability, Visual Documentation, and Everyday Policing in Miami
Authors: Jeursen Thijs 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the context of police violence and the proliferation of cameras, a growing body of anthropological scholarship has sought to understand the role of photography and its relationship to everyday policing. While scholarly attention has been given to how cameras can intensify a racialized visuality of crime and justify violent policing practices, this article discusses how police officers themselves understand and use cameras in their daily work. Police officers can act as if they have a high level of impunity and a broad sense of righteousness, yet still feel that their work is surrounded by procedural and bureaucratic uncertainties. Based on extensive research with police departments in Miami, Florida, I discuss how police officers document their professionalism and integrity. When making sense of and navigating their societal role and the scrutiny that comes with it, US police officers use cameras to record themselves to capture visual and legal‐looking actions of what they understand is exemplary of good policing. In the eyes and hands of police officers, cameras are used to document state violence and racialized policing as individual performances, highlighting officer accountability and misconduct while obscuring institutional responsibility.
The Rights of Man: Libertarian Concern for Men's, But Not Women's, Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Chalmers Jocelyn , Petterson Aino , Woodford Leif , Sutton Robbie M. 
Published: November 2022

Libertarianism enshrines individual autonomy as its central political principle, but it has been criticized for applying this principle selectively. Reproductive decisions can stress the concept of individual autonomy by placing into conflict the claimed rights of each biological parent to choose. Two studies (N1 = 296; N2 = 580) show that among U.S. participants, libertarianism is associated with opposition to women's reproductive autonomy and support for men's. Libertarianism was associated with opposition to abortion rights and support for men's right both to prevent women from having abortions (male veto) and to withdraw financial support for a child when women refuse to terminate the pregnancy (financial abortion). Adjusting for the association between libertarianism and conservatism, only the relationship with opposition to abortion rights was rendered nonsignificant. Mediation analyses suggest that hostile sexism may account for libertarians' selective support for men's and not women's reproductive autonomy.
High-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis with Heterogeneous Missingness
Authors: Zhu Ziwei , Wang Tengyao , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of high-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with missing observations. In a simple, homogeneous observation model, we show that an existing observed-proportion weighted (OPW) estimator of the leading principal components can (nearly) attain the minimax optimal rate of convergence, which exhibits an interesting phase transition. However, deeper investigation reveals that, particularly in more realistic settings where the observation probabilities are heterogeneous, the empirical performance of the OPW estimator can be unsatisfactory; moreover, in the noiseless case, it fails to provide exact recovery of the principal components. Our main contribution, then, is to introduce a new method, which we call primePCA, that is designed to cope with situations where observations may be missing in a heterogeneous manner. Starting from the OPW estimator, primePCA iteratively projects the observed entries of the data matrix onto the column space of our current estimate to impute the missing entries, and then updates our estimate by computing the leading right singular space of the imputed data matrix. We prove that the error of primePCA converges to zero at a geometric rate in the noiseless case, and when the signal strength is not too small. An important feature of our theoretical guarantees is that they depend on average, as opposed to worst-case, properties of the missingness mechanism. Our numerical studies on both simulated and real data reveal that primePCA exhibits very encouraging performance across a wide range of scenarios, including settings where the data are not Missing Completely At Random.
Surgical treatment of hereditary gingival fibromatosis by diode laser: Report of five rare cases in the same family
Authors: Bektaş‐Kayhan Kıvanç , Selvi Fırat , Koca‐Ünsal Revan Birke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is largely unknown; however, the removal of excess tissue may often be necessary as it often causes aesthetic and functional problems. Gingivectomy is usually a treatment option that can be performed using a scalpel, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, or laser. This paper aims to evaluate the results of HGF treatments using a diode laser of five people from the same family. Three members of a family of five (two females and three males; 9–36 years old) underwent gingivectomy with a 3 W 300‐micron fiber‐tipped diode laser (Doctor Smile, Vicenza, Italy) at 810 nm wavelength. While all teeth of one member were extracted, the other member refused treatment. Relapse occurred in three members due to poor oral hygiene. The diode laser was reapplied and oral hygiene instructions were repeated. Patients were followed during the postoperative period for up to two years. HGF is a rare condition that clinicians should pay attention to in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐ups. Since recurrences are due to dental plaque, oral hygiene instructions are essential and compliance is mandatory. Although there are many treatment approaches, the diode laser is the most indicated method due to many advantages such as providing a bloodless and more sterile operation field, performing an atraumatic surgery, ensuring earlier and ideal recovery, and minimizing postoperative pain.
Coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic by Paralympic athletes preparing for elite sport events: A longitudinal study
Authors: Urbański Piotr Kazimierz , Rogoza Radosław , Brewer Britton , Tasiemski Tomasz 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThis study investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health, coping styles and their relationship, and training opportunities in elite athletes with disabilities (AwD) preparing for national and international sport events during a ten‐month observation period.MethodsThe study covered four time points in 3‐month intervals, one retrospective, and three times during the 10 months of the pandemic period with diversified numbers of average new infections per day: A—pre‐pandemic, B—third wave of the pandemic (mean = 15 681), C—decrease of the pandemic (mean = 102), and D—fourth wave of the pandemic (mean = 22 591). Main outcome measures included the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsThe models regarding changes in anxiety (F(3,72) = 22.43; p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.48) and depression (F(3,72) = 23.82; p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.50) over the four time points of examination were significant. The pattern of relationship between coping styles and mood changes during COVID‐19 pandemic periods, that is, a sudden increase in anxiety during dynamic growth of infections (waves of a pandemic) and a steady increase in depression over the course of the pandemic was not found. The difference in planned and actual training decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001).ConclusionsDuring the transitionary times of the COVID‐19 pandemic, both mental health and training opportunities of AwD were at increased risk. Individual coping styles used by AwD were insufficient resources to cope with the extreme stress caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their mental health should be monitored in pandemics and similar situations to ensure appropriate and timely organizational and psychological intervention.
Parent emotion talk with preschoolers from low‐income Mexican American and Chinese American families: Links to sociocultural factors
Authors: Chan Megan , Teng Doreen , Teng Yin‐Ping Teresa , Zhou Qing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmotion talk (ET), an emotion socialization practice theorized to promote children's emotion understanding and emotion regulation, has been linked to better socioemotional adjustment in diverse samples. Immigrant children face developmentally unique challenges and opportunities related to their multi‐lingual and multi‐cultural experiences. The present study aimed to identify sociocultural correlates of parent ET in two groups of low‐income immigrant families with preschool‐age children: Mexican American (MA) and Chinese American (CA) families. In 90 parent‐child dyads (child age = 38 to 70 months, 59% girls; 46 Mexican American and 44 Chinese American) recruited from Head Start programs, parents’ (mostly mothers’) ET quality and quantity (i.e., use of emotion words, emotion questions and explanations, and overall elaborateness of ET) were coded from verbal transcripts of a shared picture book reading task. First, we found similarities and differences in ET across the two groups. Both MA and CA parents used emotion words, emotion questions, and emotion reasoning, whereas linking the story to personal emotion experience was infrequent. MA parents used more negative emotion words, emotion reasoning, and engaged in more elaborate ET than CA parents. Second, we examined the unique relations of multiple socio‐cultural factors (SES, cultural orientations, parent and child demographics) to parent ET. Parent education and child age were associated positively with emotion questions, income was associated positively with emotion reasoning, and parents’ heritage culture orientation was associated positively with the elaborateness of ET. The findings highlight the need to consider socio‐cultural variations in emotion socialization practices when adapting and disseminating socioemotional learning interventions.
Clinical significance of local control of primary tumour in definitive radiotherapy for scalp angiosarcomas
Authors: Kashihara Tairo , Ogata Dai , Okuma Kae , Nakamura Satoshi , Nakayama Hiroki , Mori Taisuke , Takahashi Akira , Namikawa Kenjiro , Takahashi Ayaka , Takahashi Kana , Kaneda Tomoya , Inaba Koji , Murakami Naoya , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Nakayama Yuko , Yamazaki Naoya , Igaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionScalp angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer. Definitive radiotherapy is a treatment option for localised scalp angiosarcoma patients. Although definitive surgical resection reportedly prolongs overall survival (OS), whether initial local treatment effect affects OS when definitive radiotherapy is administered is unclear. Therefore, this study analysed whether local recurrence within 6 months of irradiation correlates with OS and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Furthermore, how local control affects patients' quality of life was investigated.Materials and methodsThirty‐one localised scalp angiosarcoma patients who had received definitive radiotherapy at our institution between October 2010 and July 2021 were analysed retrospectively. The most commonly used dose fractionation was 70 Gy in 35 fractions (83.9%). Local recurrence within 6 months of radiotherapy and other clinical factors were examined in univariate and subsequent multivariate analyses for correlation with OS and CSS.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 16 months (range, 6–45 months). Local recurrence was detected in 16 patients (51.6%), 12 of whom had recurrence within 6 months. In multivariate analyses, the presence of local recurrence within 6 months of radiotherapy was significantly associated with OS and CSS (p = 0.003, 0.0001, respectively). Ten of the 16 patients with local recurrence had severe symptoms such as bleeding, pain, difficulty opening the eye and malodour.ConclusionsThe initial local treatment effect was significantly associated with OS and CSS after definitive radiotherapy. Furthermore, local recurrence after radiotherapy resulted in a variety of symptoms, including bleeding and pain, which reduced the patient's quality of life.
Calibrating constitutive models with full‐field data via physics informed neural networks
Authors: Hamel Craig M. , Long Kevin N. , Kramer Sharlotte L. B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe calibration of solid constitutive models with full‐field experimental data is a long‐standing challenge, especially in materials that undergo large deformations. In this paper, we propose a physics‐informed deep‐learning framework for the discovery of hyperelastic constitutive model parameterizations given full‐field surface displacement data and global force‐displacement data. Contrary to the majority of recent literature in this field, we work with the weak form of the governing equations rather than the strong form to impose physical constraints upon the neural network predictions. The approach presented in this paper is computationally efficient, suitable for irregular geometric domains, and readily ingests displacement data without the need for interpolation onto a computational grid. A selection of canonical hyperelastic material models suitable for different material classes is considered including the Neo–Hookean, Gent, and Blatz–Ko constitutive models as exemplars for general non‐linear elastic behaviour, elastomer behaviour with finite strain lock‐up, and compressible foam behaviour, respectively. We demonstrate that physics informed machine learning is an enabling technology and may shift the paradigm of how full‐field experimental data are utilized to calibrate constitutive models under finite deformations.
Phylogenomic inference of two widespread European leaf miner species complexes suggests mechanisms for sympatric speciation (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae: Ectoedemia)
Authors: Doorenweerd Camiel , Lee Kyung Min , van Nieukerken Erik J. , Mutanen Marko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLeafmining insects have extraordinarily intimate relationships with their host plants and are therefore prime candidates for potential ecological speciation in sympatry, but how commonly this mode of speciation occurs in any group of life remains debated. Prior research on the pygmy moth (Nepticulidae) genus Ectoedemia using morphology, DNA barcoding, and multi‐marker phylogenetic approaches left two unresolved species complexes, each with each four described species. In this study, we thoroughly sampled each complex across a range of host plants and localities across Europe. We used a double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach to clarify species boundaries. In the E. rubivora complex, ddRAD data resolved all four species, contrary to morphological and COI data, which supports a potential scenario of host plant‐driven speciation where the host plant specialization provides an ecological barrier to hybridization. However, we found no indication of host race formation within the oligophagous E. atricollis (Stainton). In the E. subbimaculella complex, SNP data only partly distinguishes between the parapatric E. subbimaculella (Haworth) and E. heringi (Toll), but with some statistical overlap, suggesting incomplete lineage sorting which may represent early phases of host‐based ecological speciation, or admixture following a period of isolation.