bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid surface frustrated Lewis pair constructed on layered AlOOH for hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Liu Shulin , Dong Minghua , Wu Yuxuan , Luan Sen , Xin Yu , Du Juan , Li Shaopeng , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDesigning heterogeneous solid surface frustrated Lewis pair (ssFLP) catalyst for hydrogenation is a new challenge in catalysis and no research has been reported on the construction of ssFLP on boehmite (AlOOH) surfaces up to now as far as we know. Herein, AlOOH with a layer structure is prepared and it is found that the Lewis basic OHv site (one H removed from OH) and an adjacent Lewis acidic unsaturated Al site (Al3+unsatur.) proximal to a surface OHv (OH vacancy) on AlOOH layers could form the ssFLP. The layered structure of AlOOH and its abundant OH defects over the surface result in a high concentration of OHv/Al3+unsatur. FLPs, which are conducive to highly efficient hydrogen activation for hydrogenation of olefins and alkynes with low H-H bond dissociates activation energy of 0.16 eV under mild conditions (T = 80°C and P(H2) = 2.0 MPa). This work develops a new kind of hydrogenation catalyst and provides a new perspective for creating solid surface FLP.
Kidney epithelial cells are active mechano-biological fluid pumps
Authors: Choudhury Mohammad Ikbal , Li Yizeng , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Vasconcelos Ana Carina N. , Dixon Eryn E. , Yang Jing , Benson Morgan , Maity Debonil , Walker Rebecca , Martin Leigha , Koroma Fatima , Qian Feng , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Woodward Owen M. , Sun Sean X. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of mechanical forces driving kidney epithelial fluid transport and morphogenesis in kidney diseases is unclear. Here, using a microfluidic platform to recapitulate fluid transport activity of kidney cells, we report that renal epithelial cells can actively generate hydraulic pressure gradients across the epithelium. The fluidic flux declines with increasing hydraulic pressure until a stall pressure, in a manner similar to mechanical fluid pumps. For normal human kidney cells, the fluidic flux is from apical to basal, and the pressure is higher on the basal side. For human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease cells, the fluidic flux is reversed from basal to apical. Molecular and proteomic studies reveal that renal epithelial cells are sensitive to hydraulic pressure gradients, changing gene expression profiles and spatial arrangements of ion exchangers and the cytoskeleton in different pressure conditions. These results implicate mechanical force and hydraulic pressure as important variables during kidney function and morphological change, and provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and transduction of hydraulic pressure gradients.
Molecular and functional heterogeneity in dorsal and ventral oligodendrocyte progenitor cells of the mouse forebrain in response to DNA damage
Authors: Boda Enrica , Lorenzati Martina , Parolisi Roberta , Harding Brian , Pallavicini Gianmarco , Bonfanti Luca , Moccia Amanda , Bielas Stephanie , Di Cunto Ferdinando , Buffo Annalisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the developing mouse forebrain, temporally distinct waves of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) arise from different germinal zones and eventually populate either dorsal or ventral regions, where they present as transcriptionally and functionally equivalent cells. Despite that, developmental heterogeneity influences adult OPC responses upon demyelination. Here we show that accumulation of DNA damage due to ablation of citron-kinase or cisplatin treatment cell-autonomously disrupts OPC fate, resulting in cell death and senescence in the dorsal and ventral subsets, respectively. Such alternative fates are associated with distinct developmental origins of OPCs, and with a different activation of NRF2-mediated anti-oxidant responses. These data indicate that, upon injury, dorsal and ventral OPC subsets show functional and molecular diversity that can make them differentially vulnerable to pathological conditions associated with DNA damage.
An energizing role for motivation in information-seeking during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abir Yaniv , Marvin Caroline B. , van Geen Camilla , Leshkowitz Maya , Hassin Ran R. , Shohamy Daphna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding and managing information seeking behavior. Information-seeking in humans is often viewed as irrational rather than utility maximizing. Here, we hypothesized that this apparent disconnect between utility and information-seeking is due to a latent third variable, motivation. We quantified information-seeking, learning, and COVID-19-related concern (which we used as a proxy for motivation regarding COVID-19 and the changes in circumstance it caused) in a US-based sample (n = 5376) during spring 2020. We found that self-reported levels of COVID-19 concern were associated with directed seeking of COVID-19-related content and better memory for such information. Interestingly, this specific motivational state was also associated with a general enhancement of information-seeking for content unrelated to COVID-19. These effects were associated with commensurate changes to utility expectations and were dissociable from the influence of non-specific anxiety. Thus, motivation both directs and energizes epistemic behavior, linking together utility and curiosity.
Kronos scRT: a uniform framework for single-cell replication timing analysis
Authors: Gnan Stefano , Josephides Joseph M. , Wu Xia , Spagnuolo Manuela , Saulebekova Dalila , Bohec Mylène , Dumont Marie , Baudrin Laura G. , Fachinetti Daniele , Baulande Sylvain , Chen Chun-Long 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMammalian genomes are replicated in a cell type-specific order and in coordination with transcription and chromatin organization. Currently, single-cell replication studies require individual processing of sorted cells, yielding a limited number (<100) of cells. Here, we develop Kronos scRT, a software for single-cell Replication Timing (scRT) analysis. Kronos scRT does not require a specific platform or cell sorting, which allows investigating large datasets obtained from asynchronous cells. By applying our tool to published data as well as droplet-based single-cell whole-genome sequencing data generated in this study, we exploit scRT from thousands of cells for different mouse and human cell lines. Our results demonstrate that although genomic regions are frequently replicated around their population average RT, replication can occur stochastically throughout S phase. Altogether, Kronos scRT allows fast and comprehensive investigations of the RT programme at the single-cell resolution for both homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations.
Metabolic preference assay for rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections
Authors: Rydzak Thomas , Groves Ryan A. , Zhang Ruichuan , Aburashed Raied , Pushpker Rajnigandha , Mapar Maryam , Lewis Ian A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBloodstream infections (BSIs) cause >500,000 infections and >80,000 deaths per year in North America. The length of time between the onset of symptoms and administration of appropriate antimicrobials is directly linked to mortality rates. It currently takes 2–5 days to identify BSI pathogens and measure their susceptibility to antimicrobials – a timeline that directly contributes to preventable deaths. To address this, we demonstrate a rapid metabolic preference assay (MPA) that uses the pattern of metabolic fluxes observed in ex-vivo microbial cultures to identify common pathogens and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. In a head-to-head race with a leading platform (VITEK 2, BioMérieux) used in diagnostic laboratories, MPA decreases testing timelines from 40 hours to under 20. If put into practice, this assay could reduce septic shock mortality and reduce the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.
Enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis – a role of PGC-1α4 in resistance exercise
Authors: Koh Jin-Ho , Pataky Mark W. , Dasari Surendra , Klaus Katherine A. , Vuckovic Ivan , Ruegsegger Gregory N. , Kumar Arathi Prabha , Robinson Matthew M. , Nair K. Sreekumaran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResistance exercise training (RET) is an effective countermeasure to sarcopenia, related frailty and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that an RET-induced increase in PGC-1α4 (an isoform of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α) expression not only promotes muscle hypertrophy but also enhances glycolysis, providing a rapid supply of ATP for muscle contractions. In human skeletal muscle, PGC-1α4 binds to the nuclear receptor PPARβ following RET, resulting in downstream effects on the expressions of key glycolytic genes. In myotubes, we show that PGC-1α4 overexpression increases anaerobic glycolysis in a PPARβ-dependent manner and promotes muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation. In contrast, we found that an acute resistance exercise bout activates glycolysis in an AMPK-dependent manner. These results provide a mechanistic link between RET and improved glucose metabolism, offering an important therapeutic target to counteract aging and inactivity-induced metabolic diseases benefitting those who cannot exercise due to many reasons.
Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Marfella Raffaele , Sardu Celestino , D’Onofrio Nunzia , Prattichizzo Francesco , Scisciola Lucia , Messina Vincenzo , La Grotta Rosalba , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , Maggi Paolo , Napoli Claudio , Ceriello Antonio , Paolisso Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by blunted immune responses, which are affected by glycaemic control. Whether glycaemic control influences the response to COVID-19 vaccines and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections is unknown. Here we show that poor glycaemic control, assessed as mean HbA1c in the post-vaccination period, is associated with lower immune responses and an increased incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in T2D patients vaccinated with mRNA-BNT162b2. We report data from a prospective observational study enroling healthcare and educator workers with T2D receiving the mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in Campania (Italy) and followed for one year (5 visits, follow-up 346 ± 49 days) after one full vaccination cycle. Considering the 494 subjects completing the study, patients with good glycaemic control (HbA1c one-year mean < 7%) show a higher virus-neutralizing antibody capacity and a better CD4 + T/cytokine response, compared with those with poor control (HbA1c one-year mean ≥ 7%). The one-year mean of HbA1c is linearly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections (Beta = 0.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.032-0.103; p < 0.001). The comparison of patients with poor and good glycaemic control through Cox regression also show an increased risk for patients with poor control (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.261; 95% CI, 0.097-0.700; p = 0.008). Among other factors, only smoking (HR = 0.290, CI 0.146-0.576 for non-smokers; p < 0.001) and sex (HR = 0.105, CI 0.035-0.317 for females; p < 0.001) are significantly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections.
Accuracy prompts are a replicable and generalizable approach for reducing the spread of misinformation
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , Rand David G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterventions that shift users attention toward the concept of accuracy represent a promising approach for reducing misinformation sharing online. We assess the replicability and generalizability of this accuracy prompt effect by meta-analyzing 20 experiments (with a totalN = 26,863) completed by our group between 2017 and 2020. This internal meta-analysis includes all relevant studies regardless of outcome and uses identical analyses across all studies. Overall, accuracy prompts increased the quality of news that people share (sharing discernment) relative to control, primarily by reducing sharing intentions for false headlines by 10% relative to control in these studies. The magnitude of the effect did not significantly differ by content of headlines (politics compared with COVID-19 related news) and did not significantly decay over successive trials. The effect was not robustly moderated by gender, race, political ideology, education, or value explicitly placed on accuracy, but was significantly larger for older, more reflective, and more attentive participants. This internal meta-analysis demonstrates the replicability and generalizability of the accuracy prompt effect on sharing discernment.
Risk factors for severe COVID-19 differ by age for hospitalized adults
Authors: Molani Sevda , Hernandez Patricia V. , Roper Ryan T. , Duvvuri Venkata R. , Baumgartner Andrew M. , Goldman Jason D. , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Funk Cory C. , Price Nathan D. , Rappaport Noa , Hadlock Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRisk stratification for hospitalized adults with COVID-19 is essential to inform decisions about individual patients and allocation of resources. So far, risk models for severe COVID outcomes have included age but have not been optimized to best serve the needs of either older or younger adults. Models also need to be updated to reflect improvements in COVID-19 treatments. This retrospective study analyzed data from 6906 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 from a community health system across five states in the western United States. Risk models were developed to predict mechanical ventilation illness or death across one to 56 days of hospitalization, using clinical data available within the first hour after either admission with COVID-19 or a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test. For the seven-day interval, models for age ≥ 18 and < 50 years reached AUROC 0.81 (95% CI 0.71–0.91) and models for age ≥ 50 years reached AUROC 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.86). Models revealed differences in the statistical significance and relative predictive value of risk factors between older and younger patients including age, BMI, vital signs, and laboratory results. In addition, for hospitalized patients, sex and chronic comorbidities had lower predictive value than vital signs and laboratory results.
Temporal and sex-dependent gene expression patterns in a renal ischemia–reperfusion injury and recovery pig model
Authors: Nemours Stéphane , Castro Luis , Ribatallada-Soriano Didac , Semidey Maria E. , Aranda Miguel , Ferrer Marina , Sanchez Alex , Morote Joan , Cantero-Recasens Gerard , Meseguer Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMen are more prone to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than women. Severity and capacity to regenerate after AKI are important determinants of CKD progression, and of patient morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting. To determine sex differences during injury and recovery we have generated a female and male renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) pig model, which represents a major cause of AKI. Although no differences were found in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels between both sexes, females exhibited higher mononuclear infiltrates at basal and recovery, while males showed more tubular damage at injury. Global transcriptomic analyses of kidney biopsies from our IRI pig model revealed a sexual dimorphism in the temporal regulation of genes and pathways relevant for kidney injury and repair, which was also detected in human samples. Enrichment analysis of gene sets revealed five temporal and four sexual patterns governing renal IRI and recovery. Overall, this study constitutes an extensive characterization of the time and sex differences occurring during renal IRI and recovery at gene expression level and offers a template of translational value for further study of sexual dimorphism in kidney diseases.
An Arabidopsis mutant deficient in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinases ß1 and ß2 displays altered auxin-related responses in roots
Authors: Starodubtseva Anastasiia , Kalachova Tetiana , Retzer Katarzyna , Jelínková Adriana , Dobrev Petre , Lacek Jozef , Pospíchalová Romana , Angelini Jindřiška , Guivarc’h Anne , Pateyron Stéphanie , Soubigou-Taconnat Ludivine , Burketová Lenka , Ruelland Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are the first enzymes that commit phosphatidylinositol into the phosphoinositide pathway. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings deficient in PI4Kβ1 and β2 have several developmental defects including shorter roots and unfinished cytokinesis. The pi4kβ1β2 double mutant was insensitive to exogenous auxin concerning inhibition of root length and cell elongation; it also responded more slowly to gravistimulation. The pi4kß1ß2 root transcriptome displayed some similarities to a wild type plant response to auxin. Yet, not all the genes displayed such a constitutive auxin-like response. Besides, most assessed genes did not respond to exogenous auxin. This is consistent with data with the transcriptional reporter DR5-GUS. The content of bioactive auxin in the pi4kß1ß2 roots was similar to that in wild-type ones. Yet, an enhanced auxin-conjugating activity was detected and the auxin level reporter DII-VENUS did not respond to exogenous auxin in pi4kß1ß2 mutant. The mutant exhibited altered subcellular trafficking behavior including the trapping of PIN-FORMED 2 protein in rapidly moving vesicles. Bigger and less fragmented vacuoles were observed in pi4kß1ß2 roots when compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the actin filament web of the pi4kß1ß2 double mutant was less dense than in wild-type seedling roots, and less prone to rebuilding after treatment with latrunculin B. A mechanistic model is proposed in which an altered PI4K activity leads to actin filament disorganization, changes in vesicle trafficking, and altered auxin homeostasis and response resulting in a pleiotropic root phenotypes.
The mycobacterial desaturase DesA2 is associated with mycolic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Bailo Rebeca , Radhakrishnan Anjana , Singh Albel , Nakaya Makoto , Fujiwara Nagatoshi , Bhatt Apoorva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycolic acids are critical for the survival and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Double bond formation in the merochain of mycolic acids remains poorly understood, though we have previously shown desA1, encoding an aerobic desaturase, is involved in mycolic acid desaturation. Here we show that a second desaturase encoded by desA2 is also involved in mycolate biosynthesis. DesA2 is essential for growth of the fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis in laboratory media. Conditional depletion of DesA2 led to a decrease in mycolic acid biosynthesis and loss of mycobacterial viability. Additionally, DesA2-depleted cells also accumulated fatty acids of chain lengths C19-C24. The complete loss of mycolate biosynthesis following DesA2 depletion, and the absence of any monoenoic derivatives (found to accumulate on depletion of DesA1) suggests an early role for DesA2 in the mycolic acid biosynthesis machinery, highlighting its potential as a drug target.
Dominant transcript expression profiles of human protein-coding genes interrogated with GTEx dataset
Authors: Tung Kuo-Feng , Pan Chao-Yu , Lin Wen-chang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe discovery and quantification of mRNA transcripts using short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is a complicated task. There are far more alternative mRNA transcripts expressed by human genes than can be identified from NGS transcriptome data and various bioinformatic pipelines, while the numbers of annotated human protein-coding genes has gradually declined in recent years. It is essential to learn more about the thorough tissue expression profiles of alternative transcripts in order to obtain their molecular modulations and actual functional significance. In this report, we present a bioinformatic database for interrogating the representative tissue of human protein-coding transcripts. The database allows researchers to visually explore the top-ranked transcript expression profiles in particular tissue types. Most transcripts of protein-coding genes were found to have certain tissue expression patterns. This observation demonstrated that many alternative transcripts were particularly modulated in different cell types. This user-friendly tool visually represents transcript expression profiles in a tissue-specific manner. Identification of tissue specific protein-coding genes and transcripts is a substantial advance towards interpreting their biological functions and further functional genomics studies.
The time-course of feature-based attention effects dissociated from temporal expectation and target-related processes
Authors: Moerel Denise , Grootswagers Tijl , Robinson Amanda K. , Shatek Sophia M. , Woolgar Alexandra , Carlson Thomas A. , Rich Anina N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelective attention prioritises relevant information amongst competing sensory input. Time-resolved electrophysiological studies have shown stronger representation of attended compared to unattended stimuli, which has been interpreted as an effect of attention on information coding. However, because attention is often manipulated by making only the attended stimulus a target to be remembered and/or responded to, many reported attention effects have been confounded with target-related processes such as visual short-term memory or decision-making. In addition, attention effects could be influenced by temporal expectation about when something is likely to happen. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic effect of attention on visual processing using multivariate pattern analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data, while (1) controlling for target-related confounds, and (2) directly investigating the influence of temporal expectation. Participants viewed rapid sequences of overlaid oriented grating pairs while detecting a “target” grating of a particular orientation. We manipulated attention, one grating was attended and the other ignored (cued by colour), and temporal expectation, with stimulus onset timing either predictable or not. We controlled for target-related processing confounds by only analysing non-target trials. Both attended and ignored gratings were initially coded equally in the pattern of responses across EEG sensors. An effect of attention, with preferential coding of the attended stimulus, emerged approximately 230 ms after stimulus onset. This attention effect occurred even when controlling for target-related processing confounds, and regardless of stimulus onset expectation. These results provide insight into the effect of feature-based attention on the dynamic processing of competing visual information.