bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Whitefly in Greenhouse Tomatoes with Temik, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J. , Hochmuth Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik at the rate of 2.0 lbs ai/a and 4.0 lbs ai/a was applied with a shaker can, preplant to greenhouse beds on May 16‘78. Both treatments were incorporated 3-4 inches into the medium. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 21°C. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Marglobe tomatoes were transplanted in the greenhouse on May 18‘78. The tomatoes were transplanted in 8'6" x 6' beds, 16 inches from the sides of the beds and 16 inches between plants. The beds were lined with plastic and 3 bales of Pro Mix A media were added per bed. Each bed was large enough to accommodate 2 rows, each row containing 5 plants. Greenhouse whiteflies were randomly introduced into the greenhouse on Jun 2 and 9 on 12 trifoliate tomato leaves from another greenhouse. Plants were pollinated, fertilized, and pruned in accordance with recommendations furnished by the Department of Horticulture, University of Maryland. Whitefly counts were made on 25 randomly selected trifoliate leaflets/plot. Yield data included pounds of fruit per treatment and number of fruit per treatment.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Amaya Luz M. , Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticidal sprays were applied July 20 to the second cutting of second year alfalfa at Rosemount, Minnesota. Plots were 21 x 68 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied in 60 gal water/acre at 175 psi with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer. Arthropods were sampled with a 15-inch sweep-net (50 sweeps/plot) 4 days after treatment.
Alfalfa Insecticide Test, 1978
Authors: Pienkowski R. L. , Blakeslee R. D. , Wolf D.D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied May 10‘78 to a 3 year old stand of Saranac AR alfalfa in Montgomery Co., Virginia. On the treatment date the alfalfa height was 14.3 inch (S.E. = 0.46). Spray volume was 20 gal/a. Spray water pH was 7.4. Air temperature ranged from 13-16°C with R.H. of 60% and wind speed 2-6 mph. Treatments were replicated 4 times in 25 ft x 25 ft plots selected on a completely random manner. Furadan 4F at 0.5 lb/a was used as a standard treatment for comparison. Samples consisted of 15 pendulum sweeps per plot using a 15 inch net. Insect counts were transformed to log (X + I) prior to statistical analysis. Yield samples were taken using a flail forage harvester which cut and bagged the forage from a 3 ft x 25 ft swath per plot. The green yield was weighed in the field; with a subsample taken, weighed, dried, and reweighed to determine dry weight yield. Soil pH was 5.8, calcium level was medium, magnesium between low and medium, phosphate high, and potassium between medium and high.
Control of Corn Leaf Aphids on Barley, 1977
Authors: Akers R. C. , Roberts J.E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Barley was planted at the C. N. Brown farm Bedford County, Va. Sept 20. Plots were 0.01 acre and replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Nov 1 using a “back-pack” CO2 pressurized sprayer with a three ft boom. The boom had three (BC6, 70°) nozzles ten inches apart. This system delivered 21.5 GPA at 40 psi.
Coastal Bermudagrass, Fall Armyworm Suppression, Tifton, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass (Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers.) hay pasture (5-6 inch high) growing in Tifton sandy loam soil and possessing a considerable amount of crabgrass was moderately infested with fall armyworms, and low densities of Mocis spp. and other foliage-feeding Lepidopteran larvae. Treatments were applied in water as 45 gal/acre with a Solo® 425 back-pack sprayer having a 8006 nozzle, except that a shaker can was used for the bait. Plots were 10 x 12 ft and surrounded by 20 ft of untreated grass. The design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Six sweeps with a 15 inch (in dia) net were taken on 2 sides of the plot, counted in the field and dumped back into the plot. Air temperature during the test period was ca. 9-32°C and little rain occurred.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1978
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field had been in continuous corn for 3 years. Corn was planted no-till in 30 in, six row plots 45 ft long with 4 replications in a randomized block design. Five insecticides were compared at 11 material-rate combinations. The treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 -6 system and on yield.
Effect of Application of Granular Insecticides on Control of Rootworm Larvae, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Roskcamp Gordon K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Counter, Furadan, and Lorsban were each applied by 5 different techniques which might closely simulate present planting equipment methods. The experiment at Macomb was planted on April 29 and at Cerro Gordo on May 2. Both field trials were randomized complete blocks with 4 replicates. Each plot was a single row 100 ft long on 30 in. centers. The standard application was a 7-in. bander which applied the insecticides in front of the presswheel and most of the material was lightly mixed into the upper 1/2 - 1 in. of soil in a 7-in. band over the planted row. The furrow placement delivered the granular formulations by a hose into the rear opening of the planter shoe. The material was placed in contact with the seed in approximately a 1 -in. band at the level of the seed. The second comparison consisted of placing the normal bander directly against the rear of the shoe which placed some of the material from the 7-in. band directly into the seed furrow on the seed and the remainder of the formulation was distributed on the soil as it was flowing together behind the shoe over the seed furrow opening. The actual granular insecticide distribution was in a 1-2 in. vertical band from the level of the seed to the soil surface. The granules were also distributed in a band over the presswheel tract with no soil incorporation. A 14-in. bander was used to apply the granular formulations in the standard placement in front of the presswheel. Since the presswheel was not as wide as the 14-in. band, the center portion of the band was lightly incorporated but the edges of the band received little incorporation into the soil surface. These application techniques were evaluated using Counter, Furadan, and Lorsban because no plant phytotoxicity due to seed contact was known to exist.
Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Control, 1978
Authors: Price Richard G. , Young Jerry H. , Ree Bil , Guilavogui Foday 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pioneer Brand 4789A was planted on May 15 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma, at 18 lb per acre. Eight-row plots, 150 ft long, replicated 3 times in a complete randomized block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 5 gal of total spray mixture per acre, with one number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Seven applications were made between July 11 and August 25th. Intervals between applications ranged from 6 to 9 days. Plots were irrigated with 1 inch of water on July 10, 27, August 17,18 and Sept 7. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: July 15, .18 inch; July 23, .47 inch; July 24, .02 inch; Aug 4, .04 inch; Aug 5, trace; Aug 16, .4 inch; Aug 19, .55 inch; and Aug 20, .32 inch for a total of 1.98 inch. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis populations were considered light to moderate through the testing period. Heliothis sp. determinations are as follows: Aug 1, 41% JH. zea, 59% JH. virescens; Aug 8, 10% JH. zea, 90% H.virescens; and on Aug 15 and 22 the Heliothis population was 100% H.virescens. Cotton was harvested on October 24th. Yields were determined by picking burr cotton from 20 ft of row per plot from each replicate and converting to pounds of lint per acre.
Cotton Insecticide Efficacy On

H.

Zea

and

H.

Virescens

on the Loessial Hills of Northeast Louisiana, 1977
Authors: Williams B. R. , Rogers R. L. , Clower D. F. , Koonce K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deltapine 16 acid delinted seed was planted on May 11‘77 at 10 lb per acre. Treatments were placed in plots 8 rows (40-inch) by 80 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were made with an International 660 Hi-Clear sprayer with a compressed air system equipped with 2X-3 hollow-cone spray tips per row delivering 2.5 gpa at 3.5 mph and 60 psi. Eight applications were made between July 30 and Sept 20. Plots were not irrigated. Rainfall was moderate and did not affect treatment applications. Damage was evaluated by randomly examining 25 fruits from the upper one-third of plants in each plot. Boll weevil popu-lations were extremely light. Pretreatment sampling indicated 32% Heliothis damaged squares and 20% live larvae on July 30.
Laboratory Insecticide Bioassays,

M.

Sanguinipes

, Bozeman, Montana, Winters 1976-77 and 1977-78
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory-reared nymphs from a non-diapause laboratory strain were used in the bioassays. Dosages of all toxicants were based on microgram Al per gram of body weight. Treated nymphs were held in acetate tubes with ends made of hardware cloth.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides for Rice Striped Stem Borer Control. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested using two application methods. In a paddy water-broadcast experiment, insecticide granules at the rate of 0.5 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing a 50-day-old rice plant. The second application method was with insecticide granules in gelatin capsules, which were inserted into the root zone at a depth of about 3 cm beside the plant and 3 cm below the soil surface. Plants were held in an air-conditioned room at 27 i 1°C. At indicated days after treatment (DAT) stem portions were cut and removed and 20 freshly hatched larvae were placed on the stem. Treatments were replicated four times with one cut stem serving as a replicate.
Grain Sorghum, Suppression of Aphids and Effect on Associated Arthropods, Tifton, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B. , Wiseman B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grain sorghum planted Apr 23 in 3 ft rows (middle to middle) and in sandy loam soil was treated for greenbugs just prior to the boot stage (June 21). Four row x 85 ft plots (separated by 2 untreated rows) were arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates. Pesticides were applied (1 application) in water as 24 gal/acre at 45 psi with a John Deere Hi-Cycle sprayer by traveling over the field twice. Three D2-13 nozzles were used/row; one was over the top and 2 dropped 30 in. and directed onto the under surface of the leaves. On sampling dates a rapid examination of all leaves (3-5 min/sample) on ten shoots was made. Three of these samples were made/plot to estimate aphid numbers. Sweeps for other arthropods were 3 series of 25 with a 15 inch (in dia) net across the tops of 2 rows in each plot. Also, at 4 weeks three searches of 10 adjacent heads were made in each plot. Yields were estimated from two 10-ft samples from the center of the 2 middle rows for each plot. Weather conditions were hot and dry.
Apple, Summer Mite Control Treatments, 1978
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricide treatments were applied in midseason to young Greening trees. They were applied with a Hardie high pressure hydraulic sprayer operating at 600 psi. The trees were sprayed to runoff. Single-tree treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized, complete-block design. The mite populations were sampled at about 1, 2, and 3 wks after treatment. Twenty leaves were collected from each replicate and brushed with a machine of a modified Henderson-McBurnie type. The dislodged mites were trapped on the surface of a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Sections of the plate were counted using a dissecting binocular microscope; from the counted sections the total number of mites on the plate was calculated. On Jun 19 and Jul 18 terminals on which a high population of European red mites existed were brought into the experimental block and 4 terminals per tree were taped to the trees to be treated. This was an attempt to build up the population.
Western Spruce Budworm Countol with Lannate, 1978
Authors: Markin George P. , Johnson David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lannate 1.82 (Methomyl) was applied on grand fir at three dosage rates by helicopter against 4 th and 5 th instar larvae of the wastern spruce budworm in central Idaho, June 26-28. Lannate was mixed with water (a total applied volume of I gal per acre) and applied with 8002 nozzle tips at 45 mph and 50 ft above tree tops at rates of 8 oz, 4 oz, and 2 oz ai per acre. Spray plots were ca 50 acres in size and at 5000-5500 elevation. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate with five untreated plots serving as controls. Populations expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds were determined 24 hr before spray and at 3 intervals in each plot.
Control of Hackberry Butterfly Larvae on Sugarberry Trees, 1978
Authors: Oliveria F. L. , Solomon J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In August, during the second defoliation, preliminary tests were conducted to determine the efficacy of carbaryl for controlling A. celtis larvae. The insecticide was mixed with water and applied with a backpack mist blower at 1.25 lb (Sevin Sprayable 80%) per acre (5 gal diluted spray containing I lb ai/A). Heavily infested sugarberry trees 6 to 20 ft tall were selected; 7 and 10 frees selected at random were treated at Catfish Point, Mississippi, and Choctaw Bar, Arkansas, respectively, while 4 trees remained untreated at each location. Two 18-inch branches were selected at rando on each tree and the number of larvae counted before treatment (prespray count) and again 24 hrs after treatment (postspray count). A “t” test for unpaired plots was used to test for significance at the .05 level.
Apple, Pyrethroid Test, 1978
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various pyrethroid insecticide schedules were evaluated for insect control and their influence on the mite predator, Strethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 2-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Golden Delicious and a Red Delicious tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 GPA/altemate side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for the treatments were: May 25, Jun 5, 15, 26, Jul 7, 17, 28, Aug 7, 17, 28, and Sep 7. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, captan, and zineb. Average temperatures were: May 58.6°F, Jun 68.5°F, Jul 70.4°F, and Aug 74.1°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5.67, Jun 3.24, Jul 7.98, and Aug 2.46. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite and the two-spotted spider mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3 min. counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jun 27 and 2 picked samples on Aug 28 and Sep 19. Apple samples averaged 165 fruits/replicate and 494/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Space Fumigation Tests Against Selected Greenhouse Pests, 1978
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Pilitt Dana R. , Neal John W. , Cawley Bryant M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticidal dusts, aerosols, or ULV fogs were tested as space fumigants against selected greenhouse pests held on either host plants or on insect rearing media by fumigation of 1100 ft3 sealed trailers in Baltimore, Md., on July 25-27, 1978. Preweighed dusts were introduced from outside through the rear door; aerosols and EC’s were released by an applicator from within the trailer. Dusts were formulated in HiSil 233 and propelled by CO2; aerosols were formulated with freon or water and propane/isobutane. EC’s were commercial formulations and were applied either with water (1:1), or without water (on the last day). Two methods of application were used for the EC’s, a Micro-Gen/Bold Model E10 110 VAC powered unit from Micro-Gen Equipment Corp., 8127 Vidor Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78216, and a spinning disk, battery-powered unit from Micron West, Inc., 8582 Katy Freeway, Houston, Texas 77024. Doors were opened 10 min. after pesticide release, and insects were removed after 30 minutes. Temperature during the test period ranged from 22° to 28°C.
Control of Tea Scale on Camellia, 1978
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Self R. L. , Cobb G. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-nine 2-3 ft tall, container grown camellias heavily infested with tea scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 3 gal plastic pots. Test materials were applied May 15 and again May 29’78. Chevron X-77 spray-sticker was added to all treatments but Exhalt 800, at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Efficacy of the treatments wa; determined on June 16 by examining 100 adult female tea scales per plait. Mortality counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect aid scoring it as living if normally colored and full-bodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Poplar Tent-Maker Control on Poplar, 1978
Authors: Schultz P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A research block of poplars, hybrid Androscoggin, 3-5m high was used for insecticide evaluation. Larvae of the poplar tent-maker were defoliating the trees. Spray applications were made to the portions of the tree where active larvae were congregating within folded leaves. A single application applied to run-off was made on September 15 using a knapsack sprayer. Results were evaluated by collecting 4 folded leaves that contained larvae and counting live larvae in each leaf 72 hour after treatment.
Scots Pine,

D.

Zimmermani

Control, Illinois, 1977-78
Authors: Applyby J. E. , Randell R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 5-acre nursery of Scots pine trees of 4-6 ft in height planted 4 feet apart and consisting of 14 rows with ca 100 trees per row was selected in Whiteside County, Illinois because of the high incidence of Zimmerman pine moth damage. On September 10, 1976, 9 trees that had symptoms of Zimmerman pine moth infestations were tagged in each of 14 rows. During May 1977 and 1978 the hardened sap exudate from previous infestations was scraped off all tagged trees. Each insecticide treatment was applied onto the same 18 trees (9 trees in each of 2 adjoining rows) for 2 consecutive years. Fall treatments: On September 14, 1976 and September 4, 1977 insecticide sprays were applied until runoff onto the branches and trunks of the trees using a 100 gallon hydraulic sprayer. Spring treatments: On April 17, 1977 and April 27, 1978 other trees in adjoining rows were treated as described in the fall applications, using the same insecticides.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 14 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 14, 1978. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Half of each plot was sampled on July 12 and 25. A mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water was applied to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and the number of larvae that emerged were counted.
Apple, Leafroller Control, 1978
Authors: Thomas John H. , Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 5 times using Jonathan, York, Rome, Stayman, and Winesap. These 14-yr-old trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean high pressure sprayer operating at 600 psi. Cover sprays of Zolone 1 qt (100 gal/acre cone.) were applied at 7-to 10-da intervals on alternate sides from Jun 2 until Jun 30. One full cover of Zolone was applied on Aug 3. Fungicide covers included: Captan + benomyl on May 19, 26, Jun 2, 12, 20, 30, Jul 12; Phaltan on Jul 17, Aug 3; Phaltan + benomy I on Aug 18 and Sep 8. Efficacy was determined by making summer leafroll examinations and by harvest apple evaluations. Leafroll counts were made by examining each tree for 15 min on Aug 1 to 3. Harvest samples of 250 apples (50/tree) were examined for leafroller damage on the following dates: Jonathan, Sep 27; York, Oct 4; Rome, Oct 5; Stayman, Oct 11; and Winesap, Oct 16. Counts were made on Jul 26 and Aug 30 to check the impact of the insecticides on mite populations. For each count the mites on 100 leaves (20 leaves/rep) were brushed onto plates and counted.
Efficacy and Side Effects of Psylla and Codling Moth Control Programs on Pear, 1978
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Hoying S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1.1-acre section of a 15-yr-old pear block at the U. C. Deciduous Fruit Field Station in San Jose, CA, was used to test efficacy and side effects (associate mite outbreaks) of Pydrin and Dimilin. Eight treatments (including the check) each consisting of four 16-tree replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Sprays were applied until runoff with a hydraulic hand gun sprayer operating at 300 psi. Pydrin treatments were timed according to tree phenology: delayed dormant (Mar 8) and at 5% (Apr 11), 40% (Apr 27), 75% (May 8), and 100% (Jun 6) leaf surface expansion. To accommodate an additional codling moth application, one-half of each replicate of the May 8 treatment was sprayed again on Jun 6. The Dimil in tests compared 2 and 3 applications at 2 rates. The third spray was applied to one-half (8 trees) of each Dimilin replicate. Four trees in the center of each replicate were selected for the evaluation. Leaf samples (96/treatment) were taken at ca. monthly intervals in spring and every 2 wk later on to record psylla eggs and nymphs, spider mites, rust mites, and phytoseiid predators. Codling moth damage was assessed at midseason (160 fruit/treatment) and at harvest (300 fruit/treatment). At the same time 25 fruit from each treatment were tested for firmness.