bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diggers-out, leaf clearer-uppers and stayer-onner-for-nowers
Authors: Lensch Anke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To this day, the English -er suffix prototypically derives agent nouns from verbs (ride
V → rider – ‘someone who Vs’). Over the course of a millennium, the -er suffix construction has consistently extended its range of application, and from the 20th century onwards, it has further gained in variablity in that it allows for multiple attachment of -er, such as in looker-onner or stayer-onner-for-nower. The repetition of -er is accompanied by an increase in expressiveness. Additionally, internet attestations suggest there are several other English suffixes that can be repeated in the same manner as -er, consider -y in runny-outy red felt pen and -ed in kicked-upped. The systematicity of this morphosyntactic phenomenon suggests that some speakers of English occasionally choose to flout some rules to create structurally unusual, expressive, and extravagant complex words.
They’re proing it up hardcore1
Authors: Schneider Ulrike 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The V it up construction expresses an exuberant or excessive performance of the activity denoted by the verb. The present study uses data from Twitter and the Urban Dictionary to analyse current uses of V it up. It employs the frameworks of extravagance (Haspelmath 1999/Keller 1994), expressiveness (Zwicky & Pullum 1987) and gradual transitivity (Hopper & Thompson 1980) to assess the range of heads that partake in the construction and the way it marks these as verbs. Results show that the construction is productively used with verbs converted from various word-classes and even with phrases in the open slot. The construction’s ability to take these extravagant heads goes hand in hand with its penchant for imperatives and progressives, which emphasise the action and are thus excellent verbalisers.
Wild words
Authors: Masini Francesca , Mattiola Simone 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper we analyse the formal and functional ‘extravagance’ of general extenders embedded within morphological schemas, either at the end of coordinate compounds, or as constituents of complex words, especially at the end of lists of complex words formed according to the same schema. After discussing two case studies from Italian (eccetera ‘etcetera’ and tutto ‘everything/all’), we conclude that complex words containing general extenders are ‘wild words’, namely ‘contextuals’ (Clark & Clark 1979) that are created to meet specific communicative needs and are meant not to be stored. As such, they serve as a strategy to create ‘ad hoc categories’ (Mauri & Sansò 2018a). The relationship of ‘wild words’ with lists is also explored and deemed crucial both for their semantic interpretation and for explaining their collocation within morphological structures.
Engaging high school students to remote laboratories: the case of the μNet project
Authors: Petropoulos M , Tsirigotis A , Leisos A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The microNet (μNet) project aims at the development of an extended network of educational cosmic ray telescopes in the geographical area of western Greece. In the initial phase (2022–2023) of the project, 20 telescopes will be deployed in high school buildings, while more than 50 schools will attend the educational program of μNet by distance, using the remote operated extensive air shower (EAS) detection stations and astroparticle-physics experimental devices deployed at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) campus. A pilot run of the μNet project started in 2020 for the deployment and operation of a small school network of cosmic ray telescopes in the prefecture of Achaea where the HOU is located. Although the original design of the pilot run included mainly activities that are carried out in person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the remote operations of the μNet project gained focus, advancing the corresponding distance learning activities and remote laboratory methodologies. In this report we present the design of the pilot project, the remote experimental procedures followed during the run and discuss the results and the findings concerning the students’ and schoolteachers’ receptiveness of our methodology.
Coadsorption of CO and CH4 on the Au doped SnO2 (110) surface: a first principles investigation
Authors: Chen Ruixin , Yan Longbin , Lin Long , Deng Chao , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We researched the coadsorption of CO and CH4 molecule on the most stable structure of metal atom (Ni, Ag, Au, Rh, Zn, Pt) doped SnO2 (110) surface with the first principle methods. The formation energy results show that the Au/SnO2 (110) surface is the most stable structure. The adsorption energy, bond length, bond angle, density of states, electron population and charge density difference of gas molecule adsorbed on Au/SnO2 (110) surface are researched, which shows that Au/SnO2 (110) surface have excellent adsorption performance to CO and CH4 molecule. The stable adsorption of double CO on Au/SnO2 (110) surface shows that it has practical value. The research of CO and CH4 coadsorption on Au/SnO2 (110) surface shows that the Au/SnO2 (110) surface has stronger adsorption properties to CO than CH4 molecule. Our research indicates that Au/SnO2 is a potential CO sensor material.
Effect of Salinity During Seedling Stage on the Growth and Yield of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Jeliteng')
Authors: Nisa R I , Wulandari R A , Kurniasih B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Black rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Jeliteng') as a functional food, has a higher nutritional content than other types of rice. Black rice can be cultivated along coastal agricultural area which is vulnerable to salinity problem. This study was aimed to determine the effect of salinity during seedling on the growth and yield of black rice. The experiment was conducted at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments consisted of non-saline and saline nursery (3 dS/m) as the first factor, and the level of salinity of the media after transplanting (0, 2, 4 and 6 ds/m) as the second factor. The results showed that increasing soil salinity concentrations increased the levels of Na+ and K+ in leaves, decreased stomatal opening width, plant height and 100 grains weight. Compared to those in non-saline nursery, salinity in the seedling stage increased the transpiration rate, stem fresh weight, proportion of green leaves and harvest index under salt stress in the later growth stage. However, seedlings from saline and non-saline nursery showed no difference in their productivities.
Effect of Explants Sterilization and Plant Growth Regulators on Embryo Culture of Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol)
Authors: Handayani E , Irsyadi M B , Alawiyah R L M N , Aris I 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKepel(Stelechocarpus burahol) is an original Indonesian fruit plant.Kepelis currently hard to find and cultivate conventionally. In vitro culture is a method forkepelpropagation. The in vitro culture requires an established protocol for explant sterilization to be successful. For the present, there is no appropriatekepelsterilization method that has been known. This study aimed to obtain a sterilization method forkepelembryo explants appropriate for embryo culture. This research was conducted in September 2018 - January 2019 at the In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This study used an experimental method arranged in a single factor. Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of various immersion methods ofkepelembryo explants divided into 8 levels. They are Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (5% : 5', 5% : 10', 10% : 5', 10% : 10'), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2% : 10', 2% : 15', 3% : 10', 3% : 15') and plant growth regulators 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm BAP, 2 ppm NAA + 0,5 ppm BAP. The results showed that 5% NaOCl for 5 minutes treatment was the best method for sterilization with a percentage of viable explant 88.89%. Then, the percentage of browning 11.11% and 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,5 ppm BAP was effective in the organogenesis of callus ofkepelembryos.
Analysis of Land Suitability Based on Area Functions in the Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara Regency
Authors: Funan M G , Suryatmojo H , Widiyatno  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The decline in the quality of land and the environment is closely related to the increase in changes in land use to settlements as well as to agricultural land that is not in accordance with the spatial layout and function of an area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of land spatial plans based on the function of the area and analyze the suitability of land use to the function of the area. The method used is the scoring method by assigning a value to the nature of the parameters used in the analysis. The analysis used is Overlay where, the three maps that have been obtained using predetermined criteria are overlapped (overlay), so that the score value of the land unit map is then classified into areas with certain functions. Based on the results of the analysis, the watershed has 3 directions for the function of the area, namely the direction of the protected area function having an area of 17,876.01 ha, the buffer area having an area of 4,599.92 ha and the area for cultivation of seasonal crops and settlements having an area of 839.70 ha.
Strength and Microseismic Properties of Tuff Sandstone, Siltstone and Clayey Weathering Crust Under Shear Loading
Authors: Usol’tseva OM , Vostrikov VI , Tsoi PA 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The nature of changes of the parameters of microseismic emission signals (MSE) contains important information about the stage of the deformation process during the destruction of rocks under various types of loading, and can also give predictive estimates of the destruction of the massif. In this paper, the study of the MSE behavior is carried out signals under direct shear loading of samples from tuff sandstone, siltstone and clay crust weathering. The analysis of changes of the parameters of the MSE signals: the number, amplitude of acceleration and frequency at the pre-limit stage, the limit load and the post-peak stage of deformation is given.
Axiparabola: a new tool for high-intensity optics
Authors: Oubrerie Kosta , Andriyash Igor A , Lahaye Ronan , Smartsev Slava , Malka Victor , Thaury Cédric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An axiparabola is a reflective aspherical optics that focuses a light beam into an extended focal line. The light intensity and group velocity profiles along the focus are adjustable through the proper design. The on-axis light velocity can be controlled, for instance, by adding spatio-temporal couplings via chromatic optics on the incoming beam. Therefore the energy deposition along the axis can be either subluminal or superluminal as required in various applications. This article first explores how the axiparabola design defines its properties in the geometric optics approximation. Then the obtained description is considered in numerical simulations for two cases of interest for laser-plasma acceleration. We show that the axiparabola can be used either to generate a plasma waveguide to overcome diffraction or for driving a dephasingless wakefield accelerator.
Robust Joule-heating induced transmittance modulation of CNT-sheet-paraffin based smart window
Authors: Truong Thuy-Kieu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intelligent window with transmittance change has enabled significant advantages for the smart building. Moreover, such a window with the user’s control to ensure privacy could be obtained by the electrical power. Thanks to the horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (CNT)-sheet-like-film from drawable CNT forest, the CNT-sheet was employed as the Joule-heating induced transparent heater to modulate the transmittance change of paraffin corresponding to its solid to liquid phase change. A facile approach was used to fabricate the sandwich-like smart window cell from the CNT-sheet-paraffin nanocomposite. CNT-sheet from the CNT forest was transferred on the glass substrate and then densified by ethanol. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared (IR) thermal mapping microscopy were carried out to characterize the uniformity of the aligned-CNT-sheet. Significantly, the IR microscopy results showed its homogenous Joule-heating generation without any hot spot. The sandwich cell was made from the CNT-coated substrates and was infiltrated by the melted paraffin in between the substrates. UV–vis spectra with electrical power DC application were used to measure such smart window structures. The results showed the Joule-heating induced uniform heat generator of CNT sheet driving the solid to liquid phase change of paraffin, increasing the transmittance of the intelligent window cell six times in the visible light range. Those results have shown promise for developing the facile smart window, especially for the curve window of vehicles.
Characteristics and outcomes of older patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in the first and second wave of the pandemic in The Netherlands: the COVID-OLD study
Authors: Smits Rosalinde A L , Trompet Stella , van der Linden Carolien M J , van der Bol Jessica M , Jansen Steffy W M , Polinder-Bos Harmke A , Willems Hanna C , Barten Dennis G , Blomaard Laura C , de Boer Mark G J , van Deudekom Floor J A , Ellerbroek Jacobien L J , Festen Jan , van de Glind Esther M M , Kampschreur Linda M , Karimi Ouafae , Kroon Bart , van Lanen Marc G J A , Lucke Jacinta A , Maas Huub A A M , Mattace-Raso Francesco U S , van Munster Barbara C , Reijerse Lisette , Robben Sarah H M , Ruiter Rikje , Schouten Henrike J , Spies Petra E , Wassenburg Anna , Wijngaarden Marjolein A , Mooijaart Simon P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
as the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progressed diagnostics and treatment changed.

Objective
to investigate differences in characteristics, disease presentation and outcomes of older hospitalised COVID-19 patients between the first and second pandemic wave in The Netherlands.

Methods
this was a multicentre retrospective cohort study in 16 hospitals in The Netherlands including patients aged ≥ 70 years, hospitalised for COVID-19 in Spring 2020 (first wave) and Autumn 2020 (second wave). Data included Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), disease severity and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Main outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results
a total of 1,376 patients in the first wave (median age 78 years, 60% male) and 946 patients in the second wave (median age 79 years, 61% male) were included. There was no relevant difference in presence of comorbidity (median CCI 2) or frailty (median CFS 4). Patients in the second wave were admitted earlier in the disease course (median 6 versus 7 symptomatic days; P &lt; 0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in the second wave (38.1% first wave versus 27.0% second wave; P &lt; 0.001). Mortality risk was 40% lower in the second wave compared with the first wave (95% confidence interval: 28–51%) after adjustment for differences in patient characteristics, comorbidity, symptomatic days until admission, disease severity and frailty.

Conclusions
compared with older patients hospitalised in the first COVID-19 wave, patients in the second wave had lower in-hospital mortality, independent of risk factors for mortality.
The better prognosis likely reflects earlier diagnosis, the effect of improvement in treatment and is relevant for future guidelines and treatment decisions.
A new form of axonal pathology in a spinal model of neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Herwerth Marina , Kenet Selin , Schifferer Martina , Winkler Anne , Weber Melanie , Snaidero Nicolas , Wang Mengzhe , Lohrberg Melanie , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Stadelmann Christine , Hemmer Bernhard , Misgeld Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, which primarily targets astrocytes and often results in severe axon injury of unknown mechanism. Neuromyelitis optica patients harbour autoantibodies against the astrocytic water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), which induce complement-mediated astrocyte lysis and subsequent axon damage.
Using spinal in vivo imaging in a mouse model of such astrocytopathic lesions, we explored the mechanism underlying neuromyelitis optica-related axon injury.
Many axons showed a swift and morphologically distinct ‘pearls-on-string’ transformation also readily detectable in human neuromyelitis optica lesions, which especially affected small calibre axons independently of myelination. Functional imaging revealed that calcium homeostasis was initially preserved in this ‘acute axonal beading’ state, ruling out disruption of the axonal membrane, which sets this form of axon injury apart from previously described forms of traumatic and inflammatory axon damage. Morphological, pharmacological and genetic analyses showed that AQP4-IgG-induced axon injury involved osmotic stress and ionic overload, but does not appear to use canonical pathways of Wallerian-like degeneration. Subcellular analysis demonstrated remodelling of the axonal cytoskeleton in beaded axons, especially local loss of microtubules. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer epothilone, a putative therapy approach for traumatic and degenerative axonopathies, prevented axonal beading, while destabilizing microtubules sensitized axons for beading.
Our results reveal a distinct form of immune-mediated axon pathology in neuromyelitis optica that mechanistically differs from known cascades of post-traumatic and inflammatory axon loss, and suggest a new strategy for neuroprotection in neuromyelitis optica and related diseases.
Decreased number and increased activation state of astrocytes in gray and white matter of the prefrontal cortex in autism
Authors: Vakilzadeh Gelareh , Falcone Carmen , Dufour Brett , Hong Tiffany , Noctor Stephen C , Martínez-Cerdeño Verónica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The cerebral cortex presents with alterations in the number of specific cell types in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Astrocytes have many functions in the brain including a role in higher cognitive functions and in inflammatory brain processes. Therefore, an alteration in number, function, and/or activation state of astrocytes, could be present in ASD. We quantified astrocyte number in the gray and white matter of the prefrontal cortex—BA9, BA46, and BA47—in 15 ASD and 15 age- and sex-matched control cases. We labeled astrocytes with antibodies against the protein GFAP and S100β, markers of astrocytes. We found a significant decrease in the number of astrocytes in the gray and white matter of all prefrontal areas of interest with both markers. We also found an increased state of activation of GFAP+ astrocytes in all areas. A reduced number of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex in ASD could lead to impaired synaptic function and disrupted connectivity. An increased astrocyte activation may indicate a chronic mild inflammatory state of the cerebral cortex in ASD. Overall, we found that astrocytes are disrupted in ASD.
Incidence of and risk factors of chronic kidney disease: results of a nationwide study in Iceland
Authors: Jonsson Arnar J , Lund Sigrun H , Eriksen Bjørn O , Palsson Runolfur , Indridason Olafur S 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Information on the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population is scarce. This study examined the incidence and risk factors of CKD stages 1–5 in Iceland, based on multiple markers of kidney damage.

Methods
All serum creatinine (SCr) values, urine protein measurements and diagnosis codes for kidney diseases and comorbid conditions for people aged ≥18 years were obtained from electronic medical records of all healthcare institutions in Iceland in 2008–2016. CKD was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria as evidence for kidney damage and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for &gt;3 months. Alternatively, CKD was defined using age-adapted eGFR thresholds. Mean annual age-standardized incidence of CKD was calculated for persons without CKD at study entry. Risk factor assessment was based on International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes. Incidence was reported per 100 000 population.

Results
We retrieved 1 820 990 SCr values for 206 727 persons. Median age was 45 years (range, 18–106) and 47% were men. Mean annual age-standardized incidence of CKD per 100 000 was 649 in men and 694 in women, and 480 in men and 522 in women using age-adapted eGFR thresholds. The incidence reached over 3000 in men and women aged &gt;75 years. Traditional CKD risk factors, such as acute kidney injury, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as less well characterized risk factors, including chronic lung disease, malignancy and major psychiatric illness were associated with increased risk of CKD, and the same was true for obesity and sleep apnoea in women.

Conclusion
The annual incidence of CKD, with strict adherence to the KDIGO criteria, was &lt;0.7% but markedly lower using age-adapted eGFR thresholds. Apart from acute kidney injury, the observed risk factors comprised chronic and potentially modifiable disorders.
How myocardial work could be relevant in patients with an aortic valve stenosis?
Authors: Taconne Marion , Le Rolle Virginie , Panis Vasileios , Hubert Arnaud , Auffret Vincent , Galli Elena , Hernandez Alfredo , Donal Erwan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial work (MW) calculation is an attractive method to assess left ventricular (LV) myocardial function. In case of aortic stenosis (AS), assessment of work indices is challenging because it requires an accurate evaluation of LV-pressure curves. We sought to evaluate the performances of two distinct methods and to provide a quantitative comparison with invasive data.

Methods and results
Model-based and template-based methods were defined and applied for the evaluation of LV-pressures on 67 AS-patient. Global Constructive (GCW), Wasted (GWW), Positive (GPW), Negative (GNW) MW and Global Work Efficiency (GWE), and Index (GWI) parameters were calculated using the available software computing the indices using brachial blood-pressure and trans-aortic mean pressure gradient (MPG) for estimating the LV-pressures vs. using a model-based and homemade software. A complete comparison was performed with invasive measurements. Patients were characterized by MPG of 49.8 ± 14.8 mmHg, the global longitudinal strain (GLS) was −15.0 ± 4.04%, GCW was 2107 ± 800 mmHg.% (model-based) and 2483 ± 1068 mmHg.% (template-based). The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation were calculated for each patient and pressure estimation methods. The mean RMSE are 33.9 mmHg and 40.4 mmHg and the mean correlation coefficients are 0.81 and 0.72 for the model-based and template-based methods, respectively. The two methods present correlation coefficient r2 &gt;0.75 for all the indices.

Conclusion
The two non-invasive methods of LV pressure estimation and work indices computation correlate with invasive measurements. Although the model-based approach requires less information and is associated with slightly better performances, the implementation of template-based method is easier and is appropriate for clinical practice.