bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Arylation and O- to N-Alkyl Migratory Rearrangement of 2-Alkoxythiazoles: One-Pot Access to 2-Alkoxy-5-arylthiazoles or 3-Alkyl-5-arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones
Authors: Doucet Henri , Huang Hai-Yun , Li Haoran , Cordier Marie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPd-catalyzed direct arylation of 2-alkylthiazoles is a well-known reaction affording the corresponding 2-alkyl-5-arylthiazoles in very high yields. Conversely, the reactivity of 2-alkoxythiazoles has not been described yet. Herein, we report conditions for the Pd-catalyzed regioselective C5-arylation of 2-alkoxythiazoles. Moreover, we also found reaction conditions leading to 3-alkyl-5-arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones via a one-pot direct arylation with an O- to N-alkyl migratory rearrangement. The judicious choice of reaction temperature and time allows control over the selectivity of the reaction. In general, at 100 °C, 2-alkoxy-5-arylthiazoles were the major products, whereas, at 120 °C with a longer reaction time, 3-alkyl-5-arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones were obtained with good selectivities. The arylation reaction is promoted by a ligand-free air-stable palladium catalyst and a simple and inexpensive base, without oxidant or further additives, and tolerates a variety of useful substituents on the aryl bromide and also heteroaryl bromides.
Fecal Diversion in Complex Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Shimoyama Takahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractComplex perianal Crohn's disease (CD) remains a challenging problem. Fecal stream is thought to be a trigger of disease progression in patients with CD. In patients with refractory perianal CD, diversion of fecal stream is sometimes required to alleviate clinical symptoms when medical and local surgical management are unsuccessful. Several studies evaluated the outcomes of fecal diversion for complex perianal CD. After fecal diversion, the majority of patients achieved early clinical response, but the prospect of restoring bowel continuity was low (approximately 20%). Nearly half of the patients eventually required proctectomy. A number of studies attempted to identify predictive factors for the outcomes of fecal diversion. Only rectal involvement was associated with unsuccessful restoration of bowel continuity. Biologic therapy did not seem to improve the efficacy of fecal diversion, although the evidence level was low because of insufficient data or methodological limitations. Based on these results, fecal diversion may be useful in alleviating clinical symptoms related to severe perianal CD and avoiding immediate proctectomy. The impact of biologic therapy on the outcomes of fecal diversion should be further investigated.
Medical Therapy in Chronic Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: When Enough Is Enough
Authors: Damião Aderson Omar Mourão Cintra , Queiroz Natália Sousa Freitas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite significant improvements in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) in parallel with the evolution of therapeutic targets and novel biologics and small molecules, a subset of medically refractory patients still requires colectomy. Recent population-based studies demonstrate a trend toward a decrease in the rates of surgery for UC patients in the biological era, although the potential of disease modification with these agents is still debated. As the concept of irreversible bowel damage is underexplored in UC, refractory patients can be exposed to multiple treatments losing optimal timing for surgery and further developing complications such as dysplasia/cancer, dysmotility, microcolon, and other functional abnormalities. This review aims to discuss the concept of disease progression in UC, explore the limitations of medical treatment in refractory UC patients, and propose the application of a three-step algorithm that allows timely indication for surgery in clinical practice.
Anorectal Strictures in Complex Perianal CD: How to Approach?
Authors: Lightner Amy L. , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnorectal strictures are a notoriously difficult to treat phenotype of perianal Crohn's disease. Quality of life is diminished due to ongoing pain, incontinence, difficulty with stool evacuation, and recurrent medical and surgical treatments. Medical therapy is aimed at treating luminal disease and mucosal ulceration to prevent worsening of fibrosis. Clinical examination and endoscopic intervention can be used for serial dilations of strictures. Unfortunately, despite optimal medical therapy and endoscopic intervention with serial anal dilations, surgery with intestinal diversion or proctocolectomy may be required as part of the treatment algorithm in a significant proportion of patients.
Cohorte histórica de artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla en un hospital universitario chileno
Authors: Infante Carlos , Barahona Maximiliano , Palma Daniel , Barrientos Cristian , Palet Miguel , Zamorano Álvaro , Hinzpeter Jaime , Catalan Jaime 
Published: January 2022

Resumen
Objetivo Describir el resultado funcional informado por el paciente de una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia unicompartimental de rodilla (AUR) en un hospital universitario chileno.
Métodos Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que se sometieron a AUR de platillo fijo entre 2003 y 2019. Un evaluador independiente se puso en contacto con los pacientes en junio de 2020. Se utilizó el índice de artritis de las universidades de Western Ontario y McMaster (WOMAC) para comparar los procedimientos de AUR (medial o lateral), la edad (mayor o menor de 70 años), y el seguimiento (más o menos de 5 años).
Resultados Se incluyeron 78 pacientes, en un total de 94 AURs. La mediana de edad fue de 64 años (rango: 43 a 85 años). Hubo 72 (76,6%) casos de AUR medial. Un paciente necesitó revisión para artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR). Un total de 60 pacientes (76,9%), correspondientes a 72 AURs (76,7%), fueron contactados con éxito por teléfono para el seguimiento final. La mediana del puntaje en los dominios del WOMAC fue: dolor – 1 (rango: 0 a 12); rigidez – 0 (rango: 0 a 4); y función física – 2 (rango: 0 a 29). La mediana del puntaje total en el WOMAC fue de 4 (rango: 0 a 44). Los pacientes sometidos a AUR lateral lograron mejores puntuaciones funcionales (p = 0,0432), y el puntaje total en el WOMAC fue similar en pacientes mayores o menores de 70 años (p = 0,3706).
Conclusiones La AUR es un tratamiento eficaz y reproducible para pacientes con artrosis de rodilla unicompartimental. La edad parece no afectar los resultados funcionales, y la AUR es un tratamiento eficaz en pacientes mayores de 70 años. Estos resultados deberían animar a los cirujanos de rodilla a aprender esta técnica y a los responsables de las políticas de salud pública a considerar la AUR para la osteoartritis de rodilla.
Left Subclavian Artery Sacrifice in Acute Aortic Dissection Repair using the Frozen Elephant Trunk
Authors: Goebel Nora , Holder Simone A. , Huether Franziska , Bail Dorothee H. L. , Franke Ulrich F. W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Surgery of acute aortic dissection using the frozen elephant trunk (FET) can be complicated when the origin of the left subclavian artery (LSA) is dissected and sacrifice by ligation is a viable option. However, the LSA is supposed to play a role in neuroprotection as a major collateral. We, therefore, analyzed our results of LSA sacrifice in this cohort.
Methods We identified a total of 84 patients from our prospectively collected database who underwent FET repair of acute aortic dissection between October 2009 and April 2018. LSA was sacrificed in 19 patients (22.6%). Results were analyzed and compared with regard to neurological outcomes.
Results New postoperative stroke was seen in two patients (2.4%) and spinal cord injury in three patients (3.6%) overall, none in the LSA-sacrifice group. We observed a temporary neurological deficit in five patients (6.0%) overall, none in the LSA-sacrifice group. None of the patients developed acute ischemia of the left arm. Only two patients (12.5%) came back for carotid-subclavian artery bypass due to exertion-induced weakness of the left arm 3 to 4 months after the initial surgery. In-hospital mortality was 15.5% overall, with no difference between groups.
Conclusion LSA sacrifice was not associated with elevated postoperative risk of either central or spinal neurological injury. Thus, it can facilitate FET repair of acute aortic dissection in selected cases when the left subclavian origin cannot be preserved. Carotid-subclavian artery bypass became necessary in only a small fraction of these patients and can be performed as a second-stage procedure.
Coagulation Studies Are Not Predictive of Hematological Complications of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Hadique Sarah , Badami Varun , Sangani Rahul , Forte Michael , Alexander Talia , Goswami Aarti , Garrison Adriana , Wen Sijin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives Thrombotic and bleeding complications are common in COVID-19 disease. In a prospective study, we performed a comprehensive panel of tests to predict the risk of bleeding and thrombosis in patients admitted with hypoxic respiratory failure due to severe COVID-19 infection.
Methods We performed a single center (step down and intensive care unit [ICU] at a quaternary care academic hospital) prospective study. Sequentially enrolled adult (≥18 years) patients were admitted with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 between June 2020 and November 2020. Several laboratory markers of coagulopathy were tested after informed and written consent.
Results Thirty-three patients were enrolled. In addition to platelet counts, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, a series of protocol laboratories were collected within 24 hours of admission. These included Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III, ADAMTS13, fibrinogen, ferritin, haptoglobin, and peripheral Giemsa smear. Patients were then monitored for the development of hematological (thrombotic and bleeding) events and followed for 30 days after discharge. Twenty-four patients (73%) required ICU admissions. At least one laboratory abnormality was detected in 100% of study patients. Nine patients (27%) suffered from significant hematological events, and four patients had a clinically significant bleeding event requiring transfusion. No significant association was observed between abnormalities of coagulation parameters and the incidence of hematologic events. However, a higher SOFA score (10.89 ± 3.48 vs. 6.92 ± 4.10, p = 0.016) and CKD (5/9 [22.2%] vs. 2/24 [12.5%] p = 0.009) at baseline were associated with the development of hematologic events. 33.3% of patients died at 30 days. Mortality was similar in those with and without hematological events. Reduced ADAMTS13 level was significantly associated with mortality.
Conclusion Routine extensive testing of coagulation parameters did not predict the risk of bleeding and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Thrombotic and bleeding events in COVID-19 patients are not associated with a higher risk of mortality. Interestingly, renal dysfunction and a high SOFA score were found to be associated with increased risk of hematological events.
The evaluation of status in Boris Johnson’s political speeches
Authors: Dolón Rosana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study compares two seminal speeches given by Boris Johnson in the context of Brexit. The first is from 2018 during his tenure as Foreign Secretary, and the second from 2020, by which time he had become Prime Minister. The transcripts of the two complete speeches together constitute a corpus of 7,270 words. The current study applies Hunston’s (2000,2008,2011) model of evaluation as a means of testing Johnson’s attitude towards the propositions he develops through his political oratory. Using the concepts of evaluation of status and value, this model allows us to identify Johnson’s degree of alignment with his representation of the world, and to perceive an ideological component in his choices here. It is hypothesized that the changes which took place in the political landscape in the time that separated the two speeches, a period of two years in which Johnson became Prime Minister and Britain left the European Union, may have had an effect on his use of evaluative language. The study reveals statistically significant findings. Johnson is found to have changed from contributing primarily world-creating propositional content in his 2018 speech to a more significant use of world-reflecting statements in his 2020 speech, and to rely in both speeches most importantly on himself as the source of information. The study also reveals a reluctance to display any hypothetical speech behaviour, and a strong preference for truth driven statements.
Relations between complexity and difficulty on repeating-pattern tasks in early childhood (Relaciones entre complejidad y dificultad en tareas con patrones reiterativos en la primera infancia)
Authors: Diago Pascual D. , Yáñez Dionisio F. , Arnau David 
Published: January 2022

Patterning, as a component of early mathematic knowledge, is a common activity carried out at elementary levels in which children are not equally successful. This study aimed to measure different variables affecting performance on patterning tasks in early childhood. For this purpose, the success of Pre-K ( N = 33), K ( N = 31) and first-grade ( N = 33) children when solving 14 repeating-pattern tasks, which varied in complexity, was analysed. The results revealed no significant differences between core-2 and core-4 length patterns, and greater success with patterns involving size. The study also introduces distractors, as a novel factor, in the patterning activities related to the presence of contradictory or surplus data. The impact of each factor and the relations between complexity and difficulty on the patterning tasks are discussed in order to contribute to the design of teaching itineraries.
Activity measurements of the radionuclides 99mTc, 18F and 64Cu for the POLATOM, Poland, in the ongoing comparisons BIPM.RI(II)-K4 series and KCRV update in the corresponding BIPM.RI(II)-K1 comparison
Authors: Michotte C , Dziel T , Listkowska A , Ziemek T , Tymiński Z , Silva I Da 
Published: January 2022

Main text
In 2016, comparisons of activity measurements of 99mTc, 18F and 64Cu using the Transfer Instrument of the International Reference System (SIRTI) took place at the National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre (POLATOM, Poland). Ampoules containing about 33 kBq of 99mTc, 28 kBq of 18F and 110 kBq of 64Cu solutions were measured in the SIRTI for about 3, 5 and 1.5 half-lives, respectively. The POLATOM standardized the activity in the ampoules by 4π(LS)β–γ coincidence measurements. The comparisons, identifiers BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99m, BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Cu-64, are linked to the corresponding BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m, BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 and BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cu-64 comparisons. The BIPM.RI(II)-K1 99mTc and 18F key comparison reference values have been updated to include the latest BIPM.RI(II)-K4 linked results and degrees of equivalence for both comparison series have been evaluated.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Hawking radiation of scalar particles and fermions from squashed Kaluza–Klein black holes based on a generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Matsuno Ken 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the Hawking radiation from the five-dimensional charged static squashed Kaluza–Klein black hole by the tunneling of charged scalar particles and charged fermions. In contrast to the previous studies of Hawking radiation from squashed Kaluza–Klein black holes, we consider the phenomenological quantum gravity effects predicted by the generalized uncertainty principle with the minimal measurable length. We derive corrections of the Hawking temperature to general relativity, which are related to the energy of the emitted particle, the size of the compact extra dimension, the charge of the black hole and the existence of the minimal length in the squashed Kaluza–Klein geometry. We obtain some known Hawking temperatures in five and four-dimensional black hole spacetimes by taking limits in the modified temperature. We show that the generalized uncertainty principle may slow down the increase of the Hawking temperature due to the radiation, which may lead to the thermodynamic stable remnant of the order of the Planck mass after the evaporation of the squashed Kaluza–Klein black hole. We also find that the sparsity of the Hawking radiation modified by the generalized uncertainty principle may become infinite when the mass of the squashed Kaluza–Klein black hole approaches its remnant mass.
Carleman estimate for the Navier–Stokes equations and applications
Authors: Imanuvilov Oleg Y , Lorenzi Luca , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For linearized Navier–Stokes equations, we first derive a Carleman estimate with a regular weight function. Then we apply it to establish conditional stability for the lateral Cauchy problem and finally we prove conditional stability estimates for the inverse source problem of determining a spatially varying divergence-free factor of a source term.
Part II. Nanobubbles around plasmonic nanoparticles in terms of modern simulation modeling: what makes them kill the malignant cells?
Authors: Kostyukov A S , Isaev I L , Ershov A E , Gerasimov V S , Polyutov S P , Karpov S V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have established numerically the physical pattern and conditions for formation of nanosized bubbles in aqueous medium around biocompatible plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) selectively bound to the membrane of the malignant cells by means of DNA-aptamers under the action of picosecond laser radiation. The results obtained are based on the finite volume method and hydrodynamic models underlying the ANSYS Fluent package with extended capabilities. We have found the main features and previously unknown dominant factors of the damage effect on the cell membrane at the moment of the bubble nucleation around the plasmonic NPs of different types taking into account the influence of the closely located membrane. Information on the kinetics of spatial distribution of pressure, temperature and the relative proportion of vapor in the ‘nanoparticle-membrane-medium’ system have been obtained. The attention is drawn to the advantages of using biocompatible, perfectly absorbing core–shell plasmonic NPs for anti-tumor therapy characterized by an increased mechanical effect on malignant cell membranes at lower laser radiation intensity and the spectral position of their plasmon resonance (λ = 700 nm) in the hemoglobin transparency range. This ensures penetration of laser radiation deep into tissues. The paper is provided with an extensive review of key publications and the state-of-art in this area.
Antitumor abscopal effects in mice induced by normal tissue irradiation using pulsed streamer discharge plasma
Authors: Jinno Reima , Komuro Atsushi , Yanai Hideyuki , Ono Ryo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An antitumor abscopal effect is occasionally observed in radiotherapy and plasma treatment. It is a remote antitumor effect induced by tumor irradiation that delays the growth of other distant, nonirradiated tumors. In this study, it was demonstrated that the plasma irradiation of normal tissues (not tumors) also leads to an abscopal effect. When a pulsed streamer discharge was irradiated to the left flanks of mice where no tumor existed, the growth of murine colorectal carcinoma CT26 tumors in their right limbs was delayed. This abscopal effect was significant for mice with small tumors before plasma irradiation, whereas it was not significant for those with large tumors before plasma irradiation. The abscopal effect induced by normal tissue irradiation was compared to the antitumor effect induced by direct tumor irradiation. Contrary to our expectation, normal tissue irradiation delayed the tumor growth equally or more than the direct tumor irradiation under the present experimental conditions.
Colloidal model of two-step protocol for epitaxial growth in one dimension
Authors: Camargo Manuel , González Diego Luis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We explore the application of a two-step growth protocol to a one-dimensional colloidal model. The evolution of the system is described in terms of the time-dependence of both monomer and island densities, N
1 and N, while its structure is characterized by using distributions of the gap length, the capture zone, the inter-island distance, and the island length. Analytical results obtained from rate equations are compared with these from molecular dynamics simulations. Since the two-step growth protocol deals with nucleation and aggregation processes in two completely separated time regimes, it makes possible to gain better understanding and control on the island formation mechanism than the standard one-step protocol. The predicted features and advantages of the two-step process could be experimentally tested using deposition of colloidal spheres on pattern substrates.
Coupling error model for the contact probe of a three-dimensional screw thread-measuring machine
Authors: Yu Jing , Yang Yan-ling , Cai Jin-hui , Li Dong-sheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coupling error is an important factor that affects the measurement accuracy of the contact scanning probe of a three-dimensional thread-measuring machine. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coupling error model for contact scanning probes. First, the mechanical structure of the contact scanning probe was introduced, and the main source of its coupling error was analyzed. Second, material mechanics was used to conduct a geometry–force analysis on the guiding mechanism of the probe, thereby establishing a coupling error model. Finally, the experiments were carried out to verify the accuracy of the coupling error model. From the experimental verification, the movement of the measuring head by 10 μm increased the deviation of the probe displacement by 2 μm, indicating the probe deflection. Moreover, the calculated probe deflection angle was consistent with the theoretical value, validating the proposed coupling error model. This method provides an important theoretical basis for the decoupling of measuring probe, thereby improving the accuracy of the probe guiding mechanism.