bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of combined nutrition and exercise interventions on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass in adults diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baguley Brenton J , Dalla Via Jack , Fraser Steve F , Daly Robin M , Kiss Nicole 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Changes in body weight and composition (fat and lean mass) are prominent side effects of cancer treatment. Nutrition and exercise interventions are both key strategies to protect against these adverse effects, yet their impact when combined has not been comprehensively reviewed in adults with cancer.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of combined nutrition and exercise interventions on body weight and composition in adults with cancer.

Data Sources
Four databases were searched until January 2021. Combined nutrition and exercise randomized controlled trials that detailed the nutrition and exercise prescription and reported body weight and composition outcomes were eligible.

Data Extraction
Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The number of participants, mean values, and standard deviations of the outcome variables were extracted. Mean differences (MDs) were pooled using random-effects models. Predetermined subgroup analyses included cancer type, intervention intent, exercise modality, and use of behavior change strategies.

Data Analysis
Twenty-three RCTs were included. Nutrition plus exercise interventions significantly reduced body weight (MD −  2.13 kg; 95%CI, − 3.07 to − 1.19), fat mass (MD − 2.06 kg; 95%CI, − 3.02 to − 1.09), and lean mass (MD − 0.43; 95%CI, − 0.82 to − 0.04). Subgroup analyses in women with breast cancer showed that weight loss interventions and interventions incorporating behavior change strategies significantly reduced body weight and fat mass but also reduced lean mass. Interventions aiming to maintain body weight showed no changes in body weight, as intended.

Conclusion
Combined nutrition and exercise interventions successfully reduce body weight and fat mass in adults with cancer but also reduce lean mass. In contrast, weight loss–focused interventions are associated mostly with reduced lean mass.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42020161805.
Review of national nutrition standards with salt-related criteria for publicly funded institutions around the world
Authors: Rosewarne Emalie , Santos Joseph A , Hart Ashleigh C , Trieu Kathy , Tekle Dejen , Ide Nicole , Jones Alexandra , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Webster Jacqui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Creating healthy food environments through nutrition standards for publicly funded institutions (eg, schools, workplaces, and hospitals) provides an important opportunity to improve population diets.

Objective
This study aimed to identify countries with national nutrition standards for publicly funded institutions that included salt-related criteria and to describe and summarize these initiatives.

Data Sources
Peer-reviewed and grey literature was searched to December 2019, including MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, TRoPHI, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, and Effective Public Health Practice Project Database. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to country contacts and salt-reduction experts, and a targeted search on relevant government websites was conducted.

Data Extraction
Key characteristics of the national nutrition standards for publicly funded institutions were extracted, including name, governance, institution type, implementation status, and details of food and nutrient criteria.

Data Analysis
Nutrition standards were analyzed by World Health Organization region, World Bank income level, institution type, type of criteria, regulatory approach, and method of application. Sixty-six countries were identified as having national nutrition standards that included salt-related criteria for at least one publicly funded institution. Standards were more prevalent in the European Region, high-income countries, and schools compared to other regions, income levels, and institution types, respectively. Most standards were mandatory and contained nutrition criteria pertaining to both foods and nutrients.

Conclusion
Nutrition standards have the potential to significantly improve diets, but there is considerable scope to develop and implement nutrition standards more effectively using the new World Health Organization Action Framework.
Policy and political (in)coherence, security and Nordic–Baltic energy transitions
Authors: Kivimaa Paula 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Global challenges, such as climate change, require increasingly horizontal governance approaches, as solving such challenges is dependent on coordinating public policies between different administrative sectors. Such coordination is difficult because administrative sectors have long traditions, their own worldviews and specific objectives they seek to advance. This paper is focused on the complications of achieving coherence between energy and security policies, in a time when the energy sector decarbonization is accelerating, and major geopolitical shifts are taking place partly in connection to the energy transition. Drawing on the policy coherence literature, this paper analyses 46 expert interviews from three Nordic–Baltic European countries: Estonia, Finland and Norway. It pays attention to policy coherence between energy and security, the presence or absence of strategies, agencies and other coordinating elements for horizontal coherence, political coherence and coordination between administrations linked to the two policy domains. Based on the analysis, the countries show significant differences and interesting features for horizontal policy coherence connected to the European energy transition. Moreover, the analysis shows that, prior to 2022, energy was desecuritized in Finland and Norway, where political incoherence also led to incoherence between policy domains and in policy mixes addressing zero-carbon energy transitions and national security. In Estonia, the policy objective of national security has shaped energy policy, but coordination between the policy domains has mostly been dependent on informal interactions leading to some conflicts and tensions.
Direct ink writing 3D printing of polydimethylsiloxane-based soft and composite materials: a mini review
Authors: Li Yun , Li Bo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used in flexible electronics, biomedical tissue/organ devices and soft robots. With the rapid advances in 3D printing technologies, there has been considerable interest in using PDMS to create 3D, high-resolution and multifunctional structures/devices. Among different 3D printing technologies, direct ink writing (DIW), where PDMS-based ink or gel is extruded from a moving nozzle, has demonstrated advantages of low cost, simplicity and ability to combine different materials in a single processing step. Here, we provide a critical perspective on the advances and potential of DIW technology for PDMS-based materials. We will summarize the key factors and innovation in the DIW processes. Furthermore, we will also show state-of-the-art structures and applications of DIW-printed PDMS-based materials. Finally, we hope to point out specific challenges, areas for further development and provide guidelines to those interested in PDMS-based DIW.
Paleoeconomy more than demography determined prehistoric human impact in Arctic Norway
Authors: Brown Tony , Rijal Dilli P , Heintzman Peter D , Clarke Charlotte L , Blankholm Hans Peter , Høeg Helge I , Lammers Youri , Bråthen Kari Anne , Edwards Mary , Alsos Inger G 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPopulation size has increasingly been taken as the driver of past human environmental impact worldwide, and particularly in the Arctic. However, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen and archaeological data show that over the last 12,000 years, paleoeconomy and culture determined human impacts on the terrestrial ecology of Arctic Norway. The large Mortensnes site complex (Ceavccageađgi, 70°N) has yielded the most comprehensive multiproxy record in the Arctic to date. The site saw occupation from the Pioneer period (c. 10,000 cal. years BP) with more intensive use from c. 4,200 to 2,000 cal. years BP and after 1,600 cal. years BP. Here, we combine on-site environmental archaeology with a near-site lake record of plant and animal sedaDNA. The rich animal sedaDNA data (42 taxa) and on-site faunal analyses reveal switches in human dietary composition from early-Holocene fish + marine mammals, to mixed marine + reindeer, then finally to marine + reindeer + domesticates (sheep, cattle, pigs), with highest reindeer concentrations in the last millennium. Archaeological evidence suggests these changes are not directly driven by climate or variation in population densities at the site or in the region, but rather are the result of changing socio-economic activities and culture, probably reflecting settlers’ origins. This large settlement only had discernable effects on its hinterland in the last 3,600 years (grazing) and more markedly in the last 1,000 years through reindeer keeping/herding and, possibly domestic stock. Near-site sedaDNA can be linked to and validate the faunal record from archaeological excavations, demonstrating that environmental impacts can be assessed at a landscape scale.
A guide to megastudies
Authors: Duckworth Angela L , Milkman Katherine L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow can behavioral insights best be leveraged to solve pressing policy challenges? Because research studies are typically designed to test the validity of a particular idea, surprisingly little is known about the relative efficacy of different approaches to changing behavior in any given policy context. We discuss megastudies as a research approach that can surmount this and other obstacles to developing optimal behaviorally informed policy interventions. We define a megastudy as “a massive field experiment in which many different treatments are tested synchronously in one large sample using a common, objectively measured outcome.” We summarize this apples-to-apples approach to research and lay out recommendations, limitations, and promising future directions for scholars who might want to conduct or evaluate megastudies.
67 Double impact: hypophosphatemic rickets and vitamin D intoxication
Authors: Boutrid N , Rahmoune H , Boutrid H , Bioud B , Amrane M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D prevents deficiency rickets, but its prescription must be weighed carefully!
Objective
We report a rare case of iatrogenic toxic hypervitaminosis D in a child with vitamin D resistant rickets…!

Methods
We admitted a two-year-old girl, presenting signs of rickets resistant to the usual then therapeutic doses of vitamin D3. Vitamin D2 in oral suspension is then ordered in addition, for a few weeks until the onset of hearing loss motivating her hospitalization in pediatrics.

Results
Biological and radiological explorations revealed renal failure with threatening arterial hypertension, as well as diffuse and severe arteriosclerosis on Doppler signal.
Eviction (stopping vitamin D in all its forms), symptomatic and conservative management by (converting-enzyme inhibitors) and hydration allowed a progressive blood pressure normalisation, arteriosclerosis disappearance (undetected by Doppler signal and by angio-scan) along with a gradual normalising of the kidney function; all this over a period of 2 years
The girl actually had hypophosphatemic rickets, and oral phosphorus (syrup) was also prescribed

Conclusion
Vitamin D is potentially toxic with sometimes severe renal risks (lithiasis, nephrocalcinosis), and hypercalcemia might be severe, especially if renal function is impaired.
Blindly treating any rickets with vitamin D can be adventurous and might expose the child to serious morbidity.
An EHR-automated and theory-based population health management intervention for smoking cessation in diverse low-income patients of safety-net health centers: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hitsman Brian , Matthews Phoenix A , Papandonatos George D , Cameron Kenzie A , Rittner Sarah S , Mohanty Nivedita , Long Timothy , Ackermann Ronald T , Ramirez Edgardo , Carr Jeremy , Cordova Emmanuel , Bridges Cherylee , Flowers-Carson Crystal , Giachello Aida Luz , Hamilton Andrew , Ciecierski Christina C , Simon Melissa A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study tested the preliminary effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR)-automated population health management (PHM) intervention for smoking cessation among adult patients of a federally qualified health center in Chicago. Participants (N = 190; 64.7% women, 82.1% African American/Black, 8.4% Hispanic/Latino) were self-identified as smokers, as documented in the EHR, who completed the baseline survey of a longitudinal “needs assessment of health behaviors to strengthen health programs and services.” Four weeks later, participants were randomly assigned to the PHM intervention (N = 97) or enhanced usual care (EUC; N = 93). PHM participants were mailed a single-page self-determination theory (SDT)-informed letter that encouraged smoking cessation or reduction as an initial step. The letter also addressed low health literacy and low income. PHM participants also received automated text messages on days 1, 5, 8, 11, and 20 after the mailed letter. Two weeks after mailing, participants were called by the Illinois Tobacco Quitline. EUC participants were e-referred following a usual practice. Participants reached by the quitline were offered behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement therapy. Outcome assessments were conducted at weeks 6, 14, and 28 after the mailed letter. Primary outcomes were treatment engagement, utilization, and self-reported smoking cessation. In the PHM arm, 25.8% of participants engaged in treatment, 21.6% used treatment, and 16.3% were abstinent at 28 weeks. This contrasts with no quitline engagement among EUC participants, and a 6.4% abstinence rate. A PHM approach that can reach all patients who smoke and address unique barriers for low-income individuals may be a critical supplement to clinic-based care.
Developing an equitable intervention approach for communities of color: mental health and co-occurring physical health concerns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gutierrez Chavez Manuel , Kaur Kiran , Baucom Katherine J W , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana , Sunada Grant R , Mukundente Valentine , Tavake-Pasi Fahina , Napia Edwin Eru , Villalta Jeannette , Asnaani Anu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated disparities in mental health treatment for people of color in the USA. Meeting the needs of those most burdened by this disparity will require swift and tactical action in partnership with these communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a community-based participatory research approach was employed to assess the priorities and needs of four communities of color (African immigrant, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, and Pacific Islander) in a major U.S. city. A brief quantitative survey devised jointly by community leaders and the research team was deployed to community members (N = 59) in the fall of 2020. The most endorsed mental health issues across the communities were excessive worry (51%) and stress regarding COVID-19, racism, and immigration policies (49%). The most endorsed physical health concerns included sleep difficulties (44%), headaches, and backaches (each 39%). Physical symptoms predicted the endorsement of a mental health issue above and beyond COVID-19–related hardships, multiplying the odds of reporting an issue by 1.73 per physical health concern endorsed. Based on these findings, the community-research team conceptualized and proposed an evidence-based, effectiveness-implementation hybrid type-2 intervention approach for chronic worry and daily stress. This paper highlights detail on how the community-research team arrived at the proposed multilevel intervention that addresses community-stated barriers to mental health treatment (e.g., preferring trusted health workers to deliver emotional health treatments) and considers the burden of the additional stressful context of COVID-19.
The impact of enhancing self-management support for diabetes in Community Health Centers through patient engagement and relationship building: a primary care pragmatic cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Hessler Danielle , Fisher Lawrence , Dickinson Miriam , Dickinson Perry , Parra José , Potter Michael B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self-management support (SMS) programs can yield improved clinical outcomes but may be limited in application or impact without considering individuals’ unique social and personal challenges that may impede successful diabetes outcomes. The current study compares an evidence-based SMS program with an enhanced version that adds a patient engagement protocol, to elicit and address unique patient-level challenges to support improved SMS and diabetes outcomes. Staff from 12 Community Health Center (CHC) clinical sites were trained on and delivered: Connection to Health (CTH; 6 sites), including a health survey and collaborative action planning, or Enhanced Engagement CTH (EE-CTH; 6 sites), including additional relationship building training/support. Impact of CTH and EE-CTH on behavioral self-management, psychological outcomes, and modifiable social risks was examined using general linear mixed effects. Clinics enrolled 734 individuals with T2DM (CTH = 408; EE-CTH = 326). At 6- to 12-month postenrollment, individuals in both programs reported significant improvements in self-management behaviors (sugary beverages, missed medications), psychological outcomes (stress, health-related distress), and social risks (food security, utilities; all p &lt; .05). Compared with CTH, individuals in EE-CTH reported greater decreases in high fat foods, salt, stress and health-related distress; and depression symptoms improved within EE-CTH (all p &lt; .05). CTH and EE-CTH demonstrated positive behavioral, psychological, and social risk impacts for T2DM in CHCs delivered within existing clinical work flows and a range of clinical roles. Given the greater improvements in psychological outcomes and behavioral self-management in EE-CTH, increased attention to relationship building strategies within SMS programs is warranted.
Interventions to promote health equity: implications for implementation science in behavioral medicine
Authors: Alcaraz Kassandra I , Yanez Betina R 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisparities in health persist despite the development of innovative and effective behavioral interventions. Both behavioral medicine and implementation science are vital to improving health care and health outcomes, and both can play a critical role in advancing health equity. However, to eliminate health disparities, more research in these areas is needed to ensure disparity-reducing behavioral interventions are continually developed and implemented. This special issue on interventions to promote health equity presents a diverse set of articles focused on implementing behavioral interventions to reduce health disparities. The current article summarizes the special issue and identifies key themes and future considerations. Articles in this special issue report on behavioral medicine intervention studies (including those examining aspects of implementation) as well as implementation science studies with implications for behavioral medicine. Articles discuss community-, provider-, and system-level interventions; implementation processes; and barriers and facilitators to implementation. Also included are commentaries calling for greater prioritization of behavioral medicine and implementation research. As evidenced in this special issue, behavioral medicine is primed to lead the implementation of behavioral interventions in historically marginalized and minoritized populations to advance health equity and improve overall population health.
Communicating Diagnostic Uncertainty at Emergency Department Discharge: A Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Randomized Trial
Authors: Rising Kristin L. , Cameron Kenzie A. , Salzman David H. , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Doty Amanda M.B. , Piserchia Katherine , Leiby Benjamin E. , Shimada Ayako , McGaghie William C. , Powell Rhea E. , Klein Matthew R. , Zhang Xiao Chi , Vozenilek John , McCarthy Danielle M. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
There are no standardized approaches for communicating with patients discharged from the emergency department with diagnostic uncertainty. This trial tested efficacy of the Uncertainty Communication Education Module, a simulation-based mastery learning curriculum designed to establish competency in communicating diagnostic uncertainty.

Method
Resident physicians at 2 sites participated in a 2-arm waitlist randomized controlled trial from September 2019 to June 2020. After baseline (T1) assessment of all participants via a standardized patient encounter using the Uncertainty Communication Checklist (UCC), immediate access physicians received training in the Uncertainty Communication Education Module, which included immediate feedback, online educational modules, a smartphone-based application, and telehealth deliberate practice with standardized patients. All physicians were retested 16–19 weeks later (T2) via in-person standardized patient encounters; delayed access physicians then received the intervention. A final test of all physicians occurred 11–15 weeks after T2 (T3). The primary outcome measured the percentage of physicians in the immediate versus delayed access groups meeting or exceeding the UCC minimum passing standard at T2.

Results
Overall, 109 physicians were randomized, with mean age 29 years (range 25–46). The majority were male (n = 69, 63%), non-Hispanic/Latino (n = 99, 91%), and White (n = 78, 72%). At T2, when only immediate access participants had received the curriculum, immediate access physicians demonstrated increased mastery (n = 29, 52.7%) compared with delayed access physicians (n = 2, 3.7%, P < .001; estimated adjusted odds ratio of mastery for the immediate access participants, 31.1 [95% CI, 6.8–143.1]). There were no significant differences when adjusting for training site or stage of training.

Conclusions
The Uncertainty Communication Education Module significantly increased mastery in communicating diagnostic uncertainty at the first postintervention test among emergency physicians in standardized patient encounters. Further work should assess the impact of clinical implementation of these communication skills.