bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting male participation in maternal healthcare in the Jaman North District in Ghana: Strategies and implementation challenges
Authors: Gyan Emmanuel Kofi , Dugle Gordon , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPromoting male participation in maternal healthcare is essential for improved maternal health outcomes. This study explored existing strategies to promote male participation in maternal healthcare and assessed their implementation challenges within healthcare facilities in the Jaman North District in Ghana. A qualitative approach was implemented in April 2020. Interviews were administered to a stratified purposive sample of 18 respondents comprising six midwives and 12 male partners of postnatal mothers. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and manually analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed early service, male partner invitation, male partner incentivisation, public sensitization, and male informed education, as strategies to promote male participation in the district. The implementation of these strategies has been constrained by socio‐cultural and health system factors, namely, perception of pregnancy as non‐illness, perceived experiences gained by women during previous births, cultural stereotypes, unconducive environment of healthcare facilities, inappropriate timing of facility attendance and unexpected costs associated with male participation. Promoting male participation, therefore, requires dedicated policy attention to the existing socio‐cultural and health system constraints. The Ghana Health Service and other stakeholders should consider both community‐level and targeted sensitization on the benefits of male participation in maternal healthcare and a general improvement in maternal healthcare infrastructure.
Screening of psychiatric disorders in women with high‐risk pregnancy: Accuracy of three psychological tools
Authors: Hamidia Angela , Kheirkhah Farzan , Chehrazi Mohammad , Basirat Zahra , Ghadimi Reza , Barat Shahnaz , Cuijpers Pim , O'Connor Elizabeth , Mirtabar Seyyedeh Mahboubeh , Faramarzi Mahbobeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the optimal cutoff points of three psychological tools for screening psychiatric disorders in women with high‐risk pregnancy.Design and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study (N = 155), sensitivity/specificity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Brief Symptom Inventory 53‐items (BSI‐53), and the BSI‐18 were computed with respect to having a psychiatric diagnosis based on the clinical interview.ResultsThe usual cutoffs (≥13 for EPDS, T‐score of 63 for BSI‐53) demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy. The optimal thresholds were computed for EPDS cutoff of 6.5, GSI = 0.47 for BSI‐53, and GSI = 0.5 for BSI‐18.Practice ImplicationsThe use of psychological tools among pregnant women with high‐risk pregnancy may need to be modified in order to accurately identify psychiatric disorders.
Validity and reliability of a modified short version of a stigma scale for use among Tunisian COVID‐19 patients after quarantine: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mlouki Imen , Zammit Nawel , Ghammem Rim , Ben Fredj Sihem , Bannour Rania , El Echi Ansar , Ladhari Hafsia , Haddedi Adel , Ghodhbani Mohamed Mizouni , Maatoug Jihene , Ghannem Hassen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe COVID‐19 is a stigmatizing infectious disease even after healing. Until now, no COVID‐19 stigma scale validated in Tunisian Arabic language among the general population is available. Developing such tools is necessary to detect COVID‐19 stigma and reduce it effectively. Indeed, stigmatization of COVID‐19 patients could increase the spread of this disease and its related mental health issues. We aimed at testing the validity of a translated and modified version of the 12‐item HIV stigma scale among Tunisian COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between November and December 2020 among a representative sample of COVID‐19 patients in the governorate of Sousse, Tunisia, after quarantine. The 12‐item HIV stigma scale was translated in Tunisian Arabic and then modified to be adapted to the Tunisian context. The preliminary modified version was administrated to the participants by pretrained medical doctors during phone calls. It consisted on 20 items covering the four stigma dimensions (personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, concerns with public attitudes, and negative self‐image). The psychometric evaluation of this version included internal consistency as well as principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsThe responses of 346 COVID‐19 patients were obtained. Their median age was 40 years (interquartile range: 30‐54.5). Females represented 60.4% of them. The PCA resulted in a three factor solution with 14 items. This 14‐item scale demonstrated good internal consistency with a global Cronbach's α of 0.91 and values of 0.94, 0.93, and 0.98 for social stigma, negative self‐image, and disclosure concerns, respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable and valid instrument for stigma measuring among Tunisian COVID‐19 patients. The use of this scale would contribute in reducing the spread of this new infectious disease and its related mental health issues.
Effects of oral administration of equine placental extract supplement on the facial skin of healthy adult women: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Nagae Masumi , Nishio Tomoe , Ohnuki Koichiro , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPlacenta extract is used as an ingredient in ointments for treating dermatological diseases, skin dryness, and for skin beautification. However, the clinical effects of the equine placenta on humans and the underlying mechanism of action are unclear. This randomized, controlled, double‐blind study aimed to clinically evaluate the effect of oral intake of equine placental extract on human skin quality.MethodsHealthy women volunteers between the ages of 30 and 59 years (n = 29) were randomly assigned to receive 220 mg of equine placental extract–placebo orally, once daily for 4 weeks. Skin quality parameters such as skin hydration, skin barrier function (transepidermal water loss [TEWL]), and melanin index were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of administration.ResultsThe melanin index was significantly increased in the placebo group, whereas it remained unchanged in the equine placenta group. The pattern of melanin index change was significantly different due to intake or no intake of equine placenta supplements over 4 weeks. No significant difference was found in skin hydration and TEWL between the two groups at 4 weeks of postadministration. It was shown that the intake of the equine placenta was more effective in protecting the skin condition against the change of ultraviolet (UV) sensitively than the change in temperature and humidity.ConclusionsEffect of equine placental extract intake was evident on the cheek skin of the equine placenta group where participants were protected from UV‐induced pigmentation. Equine placental extract is useful for decreasing melanin synthesis and melanin content in the human skin and can be used as an effective food supplement to maintain human skin quality.
Clinical predictors of depressive symptom remission and response after racemic ketamine and esketamine infusion in treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Jesus‐Nunes Ana Paula , Leal Gustavo C. , Correia‐Melo Fernanda S. , Vieira Flávia , Mello Rodrigo P. , Caliman‐Fontes Ana Teresa , Echegaray Mariana V. F. , Marback Roberta F. , Guerreiro‐Costa Lívia N. F. , Souza‐Marques Breno , Santos‐Lima Cassio , Souza Lucca S. , Bandeira Igor D. , Kapczinski Flavio , Lacerda Acioly L. T. , Quarantini Lucas C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and most people do not achieve symptom remission. Treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) is characterized by the failure of at least one adequate trial of a major class of antidepressant, with adequate time and dosage. We aimed to identify clinical predictors of depressive symptom remission and response 24 h and 7 days after racemic ketamine and esketamine infusions.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, non‐inferiority trial using ketamine and esketamine in TRD. Individuals diagnosed with MDD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV and fulfilling TRD criteria were recruited from March 2017 to June 2018. Participants received a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) for 40 min. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and symptom remission was defined as a MADRS score ≤7 and response defined as ≥50% reduction in depressive symptom severity, 24 h and 7 days after the infusion. Clinical variables were selected based on previous clinical trials. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used, considering a confidence level of 95%.Results61 subjects were included: 39 (63.9%) were females with a mean age of 47.2 ± 14.9. Higher number of therapeutic failures (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.677; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.97) and higher severity of illness (OR = 0.912; 95% CI: 0.83–0.99) were associated with fewer remissions of depressive symptoms 7 days after intervention, and with fewer response in 24 h (OR = 0.583; 95% CI: 0,40; 0,84 and OR = 0.909; 95% CI: 0,83; 0,99, respectively).ConclusionNumber of treatment failures and severity of illness were predictors of fewer remissions and responses of depressive symptoms in this TRD population. Study of predictors of remission may contribute to better selection patients that may benefit from receiving ketamine.
Research advances in the influence of lipid metabolism on cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment (CI) is a mental disorder related to cognition and understanding, which is mainly categorized into mild CI and senile dementia. This disease is associated with multiple factors, such as chronic brain injury, aging, chronic systemic disease, mental state, and psychological factors. However, the pathological mechanism of CI remains unclear; it is usually associated with such underlying diseases as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It has been demonstrated that abundant lipid metabolism indexes in the human body are closely related to CI, including total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein, and so forth. As a crucial risk factor for CI, hyperlipidemia is of great significance in the occurrence and development of CI. However, the specific correlation between dyslipidemia and CI is still not fully elucidated. Besides, the efficacy of lipid‐lowering drugs in the prophylaxis and treatment of CI has not been clarified. In this study, relevant advances in the influence of lipid metabolism disorders in CI will be reviewed, in an attempt to explore the effect of mediating blood lipid levels on the prophylaxis and treatment of CI, thus providing a reference for its clinical management.
From Fake News to Racism: A Study of Change in a Reading Intervention Class
Authors: Delaney Carol J. , Bacon Heidi R. , Matson Sandra F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis qualitative study investigated how teaching an historical unit through a critical lens might empower students to evaluate sources, challenge fake news, and make informed decisions. The reading intervention teacher in this study engaged secondary students in reading, discussing, and critiquing a series of multimodal historical texts.Grounded in a critical literacies framework, Shelly used “brave spaces” to stimulate discussion on issues of (in)equality, bias, and misinformation to challenge students’ perceptions and often (mis)conceptions of what constitutes propaganda and “fake news.” We describe how Shelly’s 6‐week unit facilitated higher order thinking and students’ beliefs in their capacity to take action and make a difference.We elaborate the need for students to. be savvy, critical consumers of media, particularly in today’s sociopolitical climate where truth and alternative facts are frequently blurred.
Selenium nanoparticles and quercetin suppress thioacetamide‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats: Attenuation of inflammation involvement
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. , Zaghloul Randa A. , Abdelghany Amr M. , El Gayar Amal M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current study investigates the anti‐inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of selenium (Se) formulated as nanoparticles (SeNPs) and in combination with quercetin (QCT) against thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. ​​​​​​Seventy‐two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 12). Three control groups; normal, SeNPs; group received SeNPs only and HCC; group received TAA. In addition, three preventive groups; SeNPs + TAA, QCT + TAA, and QCT + SeNPs + TAA. Induction of HCC was detected histopathologically and by the raise of the serum level of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). Oxidative stress was evaluated by the hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) spectrophotometrically. The oncogenic pathway of p53/β‐catenin/cyclin D1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory markers; interleukin‐33 (IL‐33), IL‐6, and IL‐1β were assessed by enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay. SeNPs prevented the elevation of serum AFP and hepatic IL‐33, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in comparison to HCC or QCT + TAA groups. SeNPs + TAA exhibited a lower positive hepatic staining of p53, β‐catenin, and cyclin D1 in comparison to HCC or QCT + TAA groups. Moreover, SeNPs improved the overall oxidative balance indicated by low hepatic MDA and enhanced GSH and GPx when compared to HCC or QCT + TAA groups. ​​SeNPs alone and in combination with QCT were found to suppress the progression of HCC in rats via the enhancement of the oxidative stress and then inflammatory status and the prevention of the deregulation of the oncogenic axis pathway of p53/β‐catenin/cyclin D.
Attitudes of mental healthcare professionals and media professionals towards each other in reducing social stigma due to mental illness in Bangladesh
Authors: Shalahuddin Qusar M. M. A. , Hossain Redwana , Sohan Md. , Nazir Shamiya , Hossain Md. Jamal , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMental illness is a neglected issue all over the world. The development of negligence towards mental illness could be due to the stigmatized attitudes. Also, social stigma due to mental illness is prevalent in many south Asian countries. In Bangladesh, the condition is even worse than regional data in Asia. The general people consider media as a primary source of information about mental health. However, mental health professionals (MHP) have direct contact with psychiatric patients and their family members. Therefore, both MHP and media professionals (MP) have a role in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. The present study aimed to identify attitudes of MHP and MP towards each other in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. We conducted a cross‐sectional online survey among 174 participants (80 MHP and 94 MP). We used two sets of self‐reporting questionnaires to assess the attitudes of MHP and MP towards one another. Also, we collected and analyzed sociodemographic profiles of study participants. We observed significant differences in terms of their profession‐related statements between MHP and MP. Also, we have seen significant gaps between MHP and MP in terms of their complete agreement on attitude‐related aspects. However, most respondents agreed that stigma due to mental illness is a vital problem in Bangladesh. Moreover, maximum participants accepted that the current public images about psychiatry and media role in reducing social stigma need to be improved. We observed gap between MHP and MP in their roles and beliefs in reducing social stigma due to mental illness in Bangladesh. Reciprocal training and awareness programs would help them in reducing social stigma due to mental illness. The findings of the present study would help to sort out the possible areas for interventions. However, the present study has few limitations; therefore, we recommend further studies with more homogeneous and large samples to make better conclusion.
Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
Authors: Shoemaker Marni E. , Pereira Suzette L. , Mustad Vikkie A. , Gillen Zachary M. , McKay Brianna D. , Lopez‐Pedrosa Jose M. , Rueda Ricardo , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic flexibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to adapt fuel utilization to the demand for fuel sources [carbohydrates (CHO) and fats (FAT)]. The purpose of this study was to explore muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility under various conditions in sarcopenic (S) versus nonsarcopenic (NS) older adults.MethodsTwenty‐two older adults aged 65 years or older were categorized as NS [n = 11; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 73.5 ± 6.0 years (males, n = 5; females, n = 6)] or S [n = 11; 81.2 ± 10.5 years (males, n = 6; females, n = 5) based on handgrip strength, body composition and physical performance. Indirect calorimetry was recorded before and after consumption of a high‐CHO meal and during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Respiratory quotient (RQ), CHO and FAT oxidation were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentrations.ResultsAt rest, compared with NS, S exhibited a 5–8% higher RQ at 0 (0.72 vs. 0.76) and 120 (0.77 vs. 0.82), 150 (0.76 vs. 0.80), and 180 min (0.74 vs. 0.80) (P = 0.002–0.025); 59–195% higher CHO oxidation at 0, 120, and 180 min (0.0004–0.002 vs. 0.001–0.002 g·min−1·kg‐1) (P = 0.010–0.047); and 20–31% lower FAT oxidation at 0, 15, and 90–180 min (0.0009–0.0022 vs. 0.0011–0.002 g·min−1·kg−1) (P = 0.004–0.038). Glucose levels were significantly elevated in S versus NS at 0, 60 and 75 min (144.64–202.78 vs. 107.70–134.20 mg·dL−1) but not insulin. During aerobic exercise, RQ was 5% greater (0.90 vs. 0.86) (P = 0.039), and FAT oxidation was 35% lower at 6–8 min (0.003 vs. 0.005 g·min−1·kg−1) (P = 0.033) in S versus NS. During anaerobic exercise, CHO oxidation was 31% greater in NS versus S at 60–80% time to exhaustion (0.011 vs. 0.007 g·min−1·kg−1) (P = 0.015). Per cent contribution to energy expenditure was greater in S for CHO but lower for FAT at 0 (CHO: 22% vs. 10%; FAT: 78% vs. 91%) and 120–180 min (CHO: 35–42% vs. 17–25%; FAT: 58–65% vs. 75%–84%) (P = 0.003–0.046) at rest and 6–8 min during aerobic exercise (CHO: 70% vs. 57%; FAT: 30% vs. 45%) (P = 0.046).ConclusionsThe data show differences in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and substrate utilization between S and NS at rest, transitioning from fasted to fed state, and during exercise. Compared with NS, S displayed a diminished ability to adapt fuel utilization in response to feeding and exercise, reflecting metabolic inflexibility. Impaired metabolic flexibility could be a mechanism underlying the losses of strength and physical function accompanying sarcopenia.
Features of trunk muscle wasting during acute care and physical function recovery with aortic disease
Authors: Yamashita Masashi , Kamiya Kentaro , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Kitamura Tadashi , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Ichikawa Takafumi , Uchida Shota , Noda Takumi , Yanagi Naoya , Maekawa Emi , Yamaoka‐Tojo Minako , Ako Junya , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow skeletal muscle area or density, such as myosteatosis, identified on computed tomography (CT) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the clinical process of skeletal muscle decline as a short‐term change during acute care settings. This study focused on the use of routine CT imaging for aortic disease management and investigated the changes in skeletal muscle before and after acute care.MethodsThis prospective study included 123 patients who underwent abdominal CT before and after acute care. The all‐abdominal and each abdominal muscle areas were divided into eight parts (e.g. rectus abdominis, psoas, and erector spine), and their areas and densities were measured at the third lumbar vertebra level after the patients were discharged and de‐identified with blinding to avoid measurement bias. Short physical performance battery (SPPB) was measured at the start and end of in‐hospital cardiac rehabilitation. A generalized linear model with patients as random effects was made to investigate skeletal muscle loss during acute care. Multivariate linear regression analysis was also used to assess the relationship between the change in skeletal muscle during acute care and SPPB during in‐hospital cardiac rehabilitation.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 70 (interquartile: 58–77) years, and 69.9% (86/123) were men. The median day between acute care from the day of surgery or hospital admission and follow‐up CT was 7 (interquartile: 3–8) days. Overall muscle density declined after acute care (estimate value: −3.640, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.538 to −2.741), and each abdominal muscle density consistently declined (interaction: F value = 0.099, P = 0.998). In contrast, there was no significant change in the overall muscle area (estimate value: −0.863, 95% CI: −2.925 to 1.200). Changes in the muscle area were different for each skeletal muscle (interaction: F value = 2.142, P = 0.037), and only the erector spine muscle significantly declined (estimate value: −1.836, 95% CI: −2.507 to −1.165). After adjusting for confounding factors, a greater decline in muscle density was associated with lower recovery score on SPPB (β = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.066 to 0.400).ConclusionsMuscle density consistently declined after acute care, especially the erector spine muscles, which also significantly decreased in size. A higher decline in muscle density was associated with a slower recovery of physical function during in‐hospital cardiac rehabilitation in patients with aortic diseases.