bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined use of karyotyping and copy number variation sequencing technology in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Suhua , Xu Yuexin , Lu Dan , Fu Dan , Zhao Yan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundKaryotyping and genome copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) are two techniques frequently used in prenatal diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of using a combination of these two methods in order to provide a more accurate clinical basis for prenatal diagnosis.MethodsWe selected 822 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis and separated them into six groups according to different risk indicators. Karyotyping and CNV-seq were performed simultaneously to compare the diagnostic performance of the two methods.ResultsAmong the different amniocentesis indicators, abnormal fetal ultrasounds accounted for 39.29% of the total number of examinees and made up the largest group. The abnormal detection rate of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) high risk was 37.93% and significantly higher than the other five groups (P < 0.05). The abnormal detection rate of mixed indicators was significantly higher than the history of the adverse reproductive outcomes group (P= 0.0151). The two methods combined found a total of 119 abnormal cases (14.48%). Karyotyping detected 57 cases (6.93%) of abnormal karyotypes, 30 numerical aberrations, and 27 structural aberrations. CNV-seq identified 99 cases (12.04%) with altered CNVs, 30 cases of chromosome aneuploidies, and 69 structural aberrations (28 pathogenic, eight that were likely pathogenic, and 33 microdeletion/duplication variants of uncertain significance (VUS)). Thirty-seven cases were found abnormal by both methods, 20 cases were detected abnormally by karyotyping (mainly mutual translocation and mostly balanced), and 62 cases of microdeletion/duplication were detected by CNV-seq. Steroid sulfatase gene (STS) deletion was identified at chromosome Xp22.31 in three cases. Postnatal follow-up confirmed that babies manifested skin abnormalities one week after birth. Six fetuses had Xp22.31 duplications ranging from 1.5 Kb to 1.7 Mb that were detected by CNV-seq. Follow-up showed that five babies presented no abnormalities during follow-up, except for one terminated pregnancy due to a history of adverse reproductive outcomes.ConclusionThe combination of using CNV-seq and karyotyping significantly improved the detection rate of fetal pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities. CNV-seq is an effective complement to karyotyping and improves the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.
Upregulated TUBG1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Kainan , Yu Mengsi , Liu Hui , Hui Zhao , Yang Ning , Bi Xiaojuan , Sun Li , Lin RenYong , Lü Guodong 
Published: December 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is a complex pathological process. Tubulin gamma 1 (TUBG1) plays an oncogenic role in several human cancers; however, its functional role in HCC tumorigenesis remains unknown.

Methods
Herein we first evaluated the gene expression levels of TUBG1 in HCC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. We then elucidated the association between TUBG1 gene expression levels and survival rates of patients with HCC. Cell cycle, proliferation, transwell migration, and matrigel invasion assays were used to study the effects of TUBG1 on the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells.

Results
Based on the data obtained from the aforementioned databases and our in vitro experiments, TUBG1 was found to be overexpressed in HCC and patients with high TUBG1 expression levels showed a remarkably poor overall survival rate. In addition, the expression of TUBG1 significantly promoted the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells in vitro. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed that co-regulated genes were enriched in biological processes mainly involved in chromosome segregation, chromosomal region, and chromatin binding; moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway analysis showed that they were mainly involved in cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, platinum drug resistance, and the p53 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
We report that TUBG1 is an important oncogene in HCC. It promotes HCC progression and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC. Future studies are warranted to unveil molecular biological mechanisms underlying TUBG1 carcinogenesis.
Study of Genetic Variability and Character Association in Elite Lines of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] Suitable for Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Hema Parsha , Elangovan . , Pandey Sushil , Yadav Burri Naveen 
Published: December 2022

The present study was entitled “Study of genetic variability and character association in elite lines of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] Suitable for the eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh” was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, genetic advance, correlation, between yield and yield contributing traits and direct and indirect effect of yield component on yield through path analysis (18). The present investigation concluded genotype acquiring the less for grain yield per plant were IC NO 0474166 (FIN NO 5126) (0.41 t/ha). The genotype IC NO 0473932 (FIN NO 4980) (2.22 t/ha) was high ear head length. This genotype was the highest grain yield per plant than CHECK GPU 67 (0.55 t/ha). The genotype IC NO 0473932 (FIN NO 4980) (2.22 t/ha) was 1.67 t/ha higher yield than CHECK GPU 67 (0.55 t/ha). The highest genotypic variance observed were finger length, harvest index, grain yield per plant. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variance observed were test weight, finger length, harvest index, grain yield per plant. The highest heritability were recorded in harvest index, grain yield per plant, flag leaf width, plant height, Number of days to 50% flowering, Days to Maturity, finger width, finger length. The traits Number of days to 50% flowering, biological yield per plant, plant height, days to Maturity exhibited moderate genetic advance. The traits were biological yield per plant, test weight, finger width, harvest index, finger length, grain yield per plant recorded high genetic advance as percentage of mean. Genotypic correlation coefficient reveals that single plant yield significantly positive correlation with number of finger fingers per, harvest index, biological yield per plant, finger length, ear head length, finger width, no. of tillers per plant, flag leaf length. For phenotypic correlation traits were harvest index, test weight, biological yield per plant, number of finger per ear, ear head length, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf width showed significantly positive correlation with grain yield per plant. The traits harvest index, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of finger per ear showed higher positive direct effect on grain yield per plant at genotypic level. The traits harvest index, biological yield, plant height showed higher positive direct effect on grain yield per plant at phenotypic level (6).
Effect of Inter-cultivation and Physical Barriers on Growth, Yield and Disease occurrence in Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Soreng Alphonsa , Topno Samir Ebson , Bahadur Vijay , John Suchit Ashish 
Published: December 2022

The present investigation was performed to study the effect of inter-cultivation and physical barriers on growth, yield and disease occurrence in zucchini during January-March, 2022. The field trial was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications keeping the plot size 1.5 m x 1.5 m. During the experiment, observations for plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, days to flower initiation (staminate and pistillate), total number of staminate and pistillate flowers, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits, yield per hectare etc were recorded. The results revealed that the treatment T4 Zucchini + Aluminium foil (On the ridge) recorded maximum plant height (38.33 cm at 30 DAS, 49.75 cm at 45 DAS, 62.75 cm at 60 DAS), number of nodes (21.08), number of leaves per plant (19.58), minimum number of days to flower initiation (39.00 in case of staminate flowers and 44.83 in case of pistillate flowers), maximum number of staminate flowers (8.58) and pistillate flowers (13.00), maximum number of fruits per plant(5.33), maximum weight of fruits per plant (0.749 kg), maximum weight of fruits per plot (1.99 kg) and yield per hectare (7.49 t/ha-1 ).
Pulmonary Manifestations of “Long COVID” (Post–COVID-19)
Authors: Demeter Stephen L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) infections began in late 2019/early 2020 and quickly achieved pandemic proportions. Of significance is that, while most individuals recover, some do not. Those who have persistent symptoms are diagnosed with long COVID, or post-COVID syndrome. Individuals with long COVID develop symptoms related to multiple organ systems. One of the more frequent systems affected is the pulmonary system. Individuals develop shortness of breath and/or fatigue. These are sometimes unrelated to any abnormalities on physiological or radiographic testing. More frequently, however, there are abnormalities found radiographically (especially on computed tomography) and on physiological testing (generally, abnormalities in the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide or in a 6-minute walk test with the oxygen saturation being measured during the test). This article reviews many published articles and is organized by the duration of signs, symptoms, and/or testing abnormalities after the initial diagnosis of COVID-19. The date of maximum medical improvement is suggested to be 12 months, although currently this cannot be definitively supported. More time will need to pass so that appropriate data can be collected.
Comparison of Uptake and Prices of Biosimilars in the US, Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Carl David L. , Laube Yannic , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Naci Huseyin , Ludwig Wolf-Dieter , Vokinger Kerstin N. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceBiologics account for a substantial proportion of health care expenditures. Their costs have been projected to reach US $452 billion in global spending by 2022. Given recent expiration of patent protection of biologics, a shift toward greater follow-on competition among biosimilars would be expected that would allow greater uptake and lower drug costs.ObjectiveTo assess uptake and prices of biosimilars in the US compared with 2 European countries (Germany and Switzerland) with national mechanisms for drug price negotiation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, biologics and biosimilars that were approved in the US, Germany, and Switzerland until August 2020 were identified. Prices and sales data were extracted from public and commercial databases for the years 2011 to 2020. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescriptive statistics were used to show temporal trends in the uptake of biosimilars and relative prices compared with those of reference products (ie, biologic agents) for each country. Descriptive analysis was also performed to compare the uptake of biosimilars between the 3 countries limited to biologics that have biosimilars on the market in all countries. To test if biosimilar awareness in each country increased over the last decade, a linear least squares regression was applied.ResultsThe study cohort included 15 biosimilars and 6 biologics for the US, 52 biosimilars and 15 biologics for Germany, and 28 biosimilars and 13 biologics for Switzerland. Uptake of biosimilars increased over time in all countries. On average, the biosimilar market share at launch was highest in Germany; however, it increased at the fastest rate in the US. Monthly treatment costs of biosimilars in the US were a median of 1.94 (IQR, 1.78-2.44) and 2.74 (IQR, 1.91-3.46) higher than corresponding costs in Germany and Switzerland, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that more biosimilars have been marketed in Germany and Switzerland than in the US. Policies that counter anticompetitive practices in the US could allow biosimilars to enter the market sooner and could also lower health care costs with improved access. Awareness of biosimilars should be promoted to increase uptake of biosimilars globally.
Industrial Preparation of Organic Fluorination Reagents
Authors: Syvret Robert G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Organic fluorination reagents are an essential group of industrially important tools used in the production of several key organofluorine chemical compounds. In general, fluorination reagents have been developed over the years in response to one or more unmet needs existing in the industry for selective fluorination technology. More often than not, fluorination reagents developed for industrial use provide benefits in terms of added safety and convenience when compared to traditional methods available to affect fluorination. Such is the case for the successful development of safe and efficient electrophilic fluorination reagents such as Selectfluor
®
that were commercialized to replace dangerous alternatives such as FClO
3
or the development of several safe and effective deoxofluorination reagents such as DeoxoFluor™ and Fluolead™ to replace gaseous and toxic SF
4
. This chapter describes the development of organic fluorination reagents of industrial importance and their use in performing essential fluorination transformations required for the preparation of organofluorine chemicals.
Organofluorine Chemical Gases of Industrial Importance in Semiconductor Materials Processing
Authors: Syvret Robert G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Organofluorine chemical (OFC) gases are important products of the fluorochemicals industry and find major usage as essential materials that largely impact semiconductor materials processing in the creation of computer chip technologies. These OFC gases provide highly reactive sources of fluorine and fluorocarbon radical species and thus form the foundation upon which plasma‐based etching and chamber cleaning processes are built. An important aspect of OFC gases is their fluorine to carbon (F:C) ratio, a parameter that reflects their reactivity in plasma‐based processes of importance for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication technology. OFC gases used in the semiconductor materials‐processing area are prepared on an industrial scale through a variety of synthetic processes. These processes include direct and indirect addition of elemental fluorine (F
2
), fluorine substitution, halogen exchange, hydrogen addition/dehydrofluorination, pyrolysis, and building‐block methodologies.
Fluorinated Polymers: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Schwarz Rony , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fluorinated polymers are unique in their properties AND, as a consequence, have found a variety of particular applications ranging from the pharmaceutical industry to paints, energy‐storage devices, microelectronics, and even optical devices and, as such, became ubiquitous in our everyday life. This polymer family presents high stability toward acids, bases, and organic solvents and typically maintains their properties even at very high temperatures. In addition, they are resistant to oxidation, are electric insulators, possess low surface tension, and can present excellent optical transmitting properties. As with other fluorinated molecules, fluorinated polymers are synthetic, and therefore, a rich chemistry was developed in order to create a large variety of materials, both to understand their properties AND to address specific needs in different applications. In this chapter, the chemistry behind monomer synthesis, polymerization, and polymers are described, looking at the intended and accidental discoveries, all of which were key to advance modern‐life technologies.
Leveraging Fluorine (Stereoelectronic) Effects in Catalysis
Authors: Neufeld Jessica , Livingstone Keith , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructural editing with fluorine is an expansive strategy to regulate reactivity and selectivity across the small molecule catalysis spectrum. In this chapter, examples of focused molecular design processes that benefit from strategic fluorination are discussed and placed on a stereoelectronic foundation.
Fluorous Catalysts: Recycling and Reuse, 2010–2021
Authors: Sommerhalter Robert E. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Organic reactions that can be effected with recoverable fluorous catalysts are comprehensively reviewed for the period 2010–2021. Most catalysts feature organofluorine substituents of the formula (CF
2
)

n
–1

CF
3
(R

f
n

;
n
≥ 6), or ethereal variants. These can impart moderate to high affinities for fluorous solid or liquid phases, or other special solubility characteristics, depending on their lengths and numbers. Recycling protocols are classified and compared.
In Situ Hydrogelation of Cellular Monolayers Enables Conformal Biomembrane Functionalization for Xeno‐Free Feeder Substrate Engineering
Authors: Chien Chen‐Ying , Lin Jung‐Chen , Huang Ching‐Ying , Hsu Chung‐Yao , Yang Kai‐Chieh , Chattopadhyay Saborni , Nikoloutsos Nicolas , Hsieh Patrick Ching‐Ho , Hu Che‐Ming Jack 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intricate functionalities of cellular membranes have inspired strategies for deriving and anchoring cell‐surface components onto solid substrates for biological studies, biosensor applications, and tissue engineering. However, introducing conformal and right‐side‐out cell membrane coverage onto planar substrates requires cumbersome protocols susceptible to significant device‐to‐device variability. Here, a facile approach for biomembrane functionalization of planar substrates is demonstrated by subjecting confluent cellular monolayer to intracellular hydrogel polymerization. The resulting cell–gel hybrid, herein termed GELL (gelated cell), exhibits extraordinary stability and retains the structural integrity, membrane fluidity, membrane protein mobility, and topology of living cells. In assessing the utility of GELL layers as a tissue engineering feeder substrate for stem cell maintenance, GELL feeder prepared from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts not only preserves the stemness of murine stem cells but also exhibits advantages over live feeder cells owing to the GELL's inanimate, non‐metabolizing nature. The preparation of a xeno‐free feeder substrate devoid of non‐human components is further shown with HeLa cells, and the resulting HeLa GELL feeder effectively sustains the growth and stemness of both murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells. The study highlights a novel bio‐functionalization strategy that introduces new opportunities for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Monoclonal Antibody‐Guided Tumor‐Targeted Hollow Virus‐Like Cerium Oxide with Oxygen Self‐Supply for Intensifying Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Mengqi , Liu Jiajing , Luo Xian , Zhao Zhiyu , Wang Shengyu , Liu Zongjunlin , Li Tingting , Yang Dong , Li Yang , Wang Peiyuan , Luo Fanghong , Yan Jianghua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hypoxic character of tumors and the poor targeting ability of photosensitizers often limit the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In recent years, the discovery of metal nanoenzymes and nanocarriers has improved PDT. Thereby, to improve the effective utilization of photosensitizers and oxygen (O2) in tumors, herein, a nanosystem (LS‐HB@HvCeO2‐NRP1 mAb, LHCN1) is reported, in which a hollow virus‐like cerium oxide (HvCeO2) is surface‐decorated with tumor‐targeting neuropilin‐1 monoclonal antibody (NRP1 mAb), and loaded with a photosensitizer (chlorin e6‐C‐15‐ethyl ester, LS‐HB). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that LHCN1 can efficiently accumulate within the tumor sites via the targeting guidance of NRP1 mAb and is then rapidly endocytosed into cells. Furthermore, HvCeO2 with catalase‐mimetic activity can decompose the endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to promote O2 via the valence transformation between Ce4+ and Ce3+, relieving tumor hypoxia and improving the PDT efficacy. Upon near‐infrared laser irradiation, LS‐HB produces large amounts of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Moreover, LHCN1 is used in fluorescence/photoacoustic multimodal imaging for in vivo drug localization, and its use in PDT evidently helps inhibit tumor growth with no apparent toxicity to normal tissues. Thus, LHCN1 may provide a promising strategy for precise tumor‐specific diagnosis and treatment.
Surfactant‐Assisted Sulfonated Covalent Organic Nanosheets: Extrinsic Charge for Improved Ion Transport and Salinity‐Gradient Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhou Shengyang , Hu Yuhao , Xin Weiwen , Fu Lin , Lin Xiangbin , Yang Linsen , Hou Shuhua , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCharge‐governed ion transport is the vital property of nanofluidic channels for salinity‐gradient energy harvesting and other electrochemical energy conversion technologies. 2D nanofluidic channels constructed by nanosheets exhibit great superiority in ion selectivity, but a high ion transport rate remains challenging due to the insufficiency of intrinsic surface charge density in nanoconfinement. Herein, extrinsic surface charge into nanofluidic channels composed of surfactant‐assisted sulfonated covalent organic nanosheets (SCONs), which enable tunable ion transport behaviors, is demonstrated. The polar moiety of surfactant is embedded in SCONs to adjust in‐plane surface charges, and the aggregation of nonpolar moiety results in the sol‐to‐gel transformation of SCON solution for membrane fabrication. The combination endows SCON/surfactant membranes with considerable water‐resistance, and the designable extrinsic charges promise fast ion transport and high ion selectivity. Additionally, the SCON/surfactant membrane, serving as a power generator, exhibits huge potential in harvesting salinity‐gradient energy where corresponding output power density can reach up to 9.08 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient (0.5 m NaCl|0.01 m NaCl). The approach to extrinsic surface charge provides new and promising insight into regulating ion transport behaviors.
Toward Hyperuniform Disorder via Self‐Assembly of Bidisperse Colloidal Patterns at an Electrode
Authors: Piechulla Peter M. , Wehrspohn Ralf B. , Sprafke Alexander N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile hyperuniform‐disordered patterns have been researched from a theoretical perspective for two decades, large scale experimental realizations remain scarce. In this work, as a potential route to overcome this issue, 2D patterns are evaluated that form through sedimentation of charged particles from a colloidal dispersion at an electrically conductive substrate. The particles are given a sufficient amount of time to form various morphologies and then locked in place irreversibly by setting attractive particle‐substrate potentials. The system can be interpreted as a 2D, however, comparisons to previous numerical works remain qualitative, as the latter do not consider the constant exchange of particles with the 3D bulk of the dispersion. For monodisperse colloids, depending on particle density, random sequential adsorption‐like, fluid, and crystalline phases are obtained, of which the fluid phase most effectively suppresses density fluctuations, or in terms of the hyperuniformity metric HS ≈ 8.7 × 10−3. For bidisperse colloids, the particle sizes tend to segregate at high density thereby reducing the ability of the system to suppress density fluctuations, which are explained within the framework of a eutectic system. The latter also provides hints that the degree of hyperuniformity can be increased by tuning the size distribution to the eutectic point.