bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We should redefine scientific expertise: an extended virtue account
Authors: Uygun Tunç Duygu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn expert is commonly considered to be somebody who possesses the right kind of knowledge and skills to find out true answers for questions in a domain. However, this common conception that focuses only on an individual’s knowledge and skills is not very useful to understand the epistemically interdependent nature of contemporary scientific expertise, which becomes increasingly more relevant due to the rise of large interdisciplinary research collaborations. The typical scientific expert today relies substantially on complex scientific instruments and numerous other experts in forming expert judgment. Moreover, we have research collaborations where multiple scientists interact in a way that gives rise to distributed cognitive systems, which can act as a single informant. Accordingly, our concept of scientific expertise should not consist only in individual knowledge and skills, but also accommodate epistemic dependence and collective knowledge production. To this aim, this paper proposes a reconstruction of the concept of scientific expertise as informant reliability by building on the virtue-epistemological account of epistemic competences and theories of extended and distributed cognition. Considered in reference to the social epistemic function of expertise, a scientific expert should be conceived as a reliable informant in a scientific domain, which implies that when consulted on matters in that domain they assert competently, honestly, and completely. Competent expert assertion involves the epistemic responsibility to draw on nothing but the highest degree of epistemic competence relevant to the given context. Thus, being a reliable informant may require one to draw on an extended epistemic competence that goes beyond one’s individual competence, or to form supra-individual or group-informants that manifest collectively the kind of complex epistemic competence required for the investigation of certain research questions.
Lying in two dimensions
Authors: Geraldes Diogo , Heinicke Franziska , Rosenkranz Stephanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe expanding literature on lying has exclusively considered lying behavior within a one-dimensional context. While this has been an important first step, many real-world contexts involve the possibility of simultaneously lying in more than one dimension (e.g., reporting one’s income and expenses in a tax declaration). We experimentally investigate individual lying behavior in one- and two-dimensional contexts to understand how the multi-dimensionality of a decision affects lying behavior. Our paper provides the first evidence regarding the pure effect of dimensionality on lying behavior. Using a two-dimensional die-roll task, we show that participants distribute lies unevenly across dimensions, which results in greater over-reporting of the lower-outcome die.
Defining terms commonly used in sarcopenia research: a glossary proposed by the Global Leadership in Sarcopenia (GLIS) Steering Committee
Authors: Cawthon Peggy M. , Visser Marjolein , Arai Hidenori , Ávila-Funes José A. , Barazzoni Rocco , Bhasin Shalender , Binder Ellen , Bruyère Olivier , Cederholm Tommy , Chen Liang-Kung , Cooper Cyrus , Duque Gustavo , Fielding Roger A. , Guralnik Jack , Kiel Douglas P. , Kirk Ben , Landi Francesco , Sayer Avan A. , Von Haehling Stephan , Woo Jean , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Methods
The aim of this paper is to define terms commonly related to sarcopenia to enable standardization of these terms in research and clinical settings. The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aims to bring together leading investigators in sarcopenia research to develop a single definition that can be utilized worldwide; work on a global definition of sarcopenia is ongoing. The first step of GLIS is to develop the common terminology, or a glossary, that will facilitate agreement on a global definition of sarcopenia as well as interpretation of clinical and research findings.

Results
Several terms that are commonly used in sarcopenia research are defined, including self-reported measures of function and ability; objective physical performance tests; and measures related to muscle function and size.

Conclusion
As new methods and technologies are developed, these definitions may be expanded or refined over time. Our goal is to promote this common language to describe sarcopenia and its components in clinical and research settings in order to increase clinical awareness and research interest in this important condition. We hope that the use of common terminology in sarcopenia research will increase understanding of the concept and improve communication around this important age-related condition.
G2-LIKE CAROTENOID REGULATOR (SlGCR) is a positive regulator of lutein biosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Ren Siyan , Yuan Yong , Wang Hsihua , Zhang Yang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lutein is an oxygen-containing carotenoid synthesized in plant chloroplasts and chromoplasts. It plays an indispensable role in promoting plant growth and maintaining eye health in humans. The rate-limiting step of lutein biosynthesis is catalyzed by the lycopene ε-cyclase enzyme (LCYE). Although great progress has been made in the identification of transcription factors involved in the lutein biosynthetic pathway, many systematic molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, using co-expression analysis, we identified a gene, G2-LIKE CAROTENOID REGULATOR (SlGCR), encoding a GARP G2-like transcription factor, as the potential regulator of SlLCYE in tomato. Silencing of SlGCR reduced the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of carotenoids in tomato leaves. By contrast, overexpression of SlGCR in tomato fruit significantly increased the expression of relevant genes and enhanced the accumulation of carotenoids. SlGCR can directly bind to the SlLCYE promoter and activate its expression. In addition, we also discovered that expression of SlGCR was negatively regulated by the master regulator SlRIN, thereby inhibiting lutein synthesis during tomato fruit ripening. Taken together, we identified SlGCR as a novel regulator involved in tomato lutein biosynthesis, elucidated the regulatory mechanism, and provided a potential tool for tomato lutein metabolic engineering.
Diagnose und Behandlung der funktionellen Dyspepsie in der klinischen Praxis
Authors: Fox Mark 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungUnangenehmes Völlegefühl nach den Mahlzeiten, Schmerzen im Oberbauch, Übelkeit und andere dyspeptische Symptome sind in der Allgemeinbevölkerung weit verbreitet, beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität und verursachen erhebliche Kosten im Gesundheitswesen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die Rom-IV-Definition der funktionellen Dyspepsie und verwandter „Störungen der Gehirn-Darm-Interaktion“ (früher als funktionelle gastrointestinale Erkrankungen bezeichnet) beschrieben. Die pathophysiologischen Ursachen der Symptome werden erörtert und ein strukturierter Ansatz für die Behandlung von funktioneller Dyspepsie wird vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird die Stellung der klinischen Untersuchung der gastrischen Funktion thematisiert. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Identifizierung spezifischer Phänotypen auf der Grundlage der klinischen Präsentation und der Ergebnisse physiologischer Messungen eine spezifischere und effektivere Behandlung von Patienten mit dyspeptischen Beschwerden ermöglichen kann.
Influence of course content on preschool teacher candidates’ classroom management strategies, professional beliefs and emotion regulation skills
Authors: Asi Derya , Karabay Sakire 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is strongly needed to enhance teacher training programs via extensive course content more specifically to improve classroom management skills of teacher candidates. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate effectiveness of an elective course grounded on various strategies and vital aspects of preventive interventions about classroom management competencies, professional beliefs, and emotion regulation skills of preschool teacher candidates. The research is a quasi-experimental field study with pretest–posttest, intervention-comparison groups design including combination of qualitative and quantitative datasets. The participant group consisted of 76 females and 4 males registered in a 4-year university degree preschool teacher training program. The intervention group received training including key aspects of social and emotional intervention programs widely used in preschool settings while the comparison group received training covering inclusive education principles and relevant practices. Findings showed a significant increase in proactive approaches and positive behavioral support rates in the intervention group, while the frequency of reactive approaches was lower than the comparison group. Contrary to expectations, we could not find any influence of the content on emotion regulation skills and teaching beliefs of the intervention group. Results show clear influence of elective course content on improved skills of preschool teacher candidates about classroom management approaches.
Neural modal ordinary differential equations: Integrating physics-based modeling with neural ordinary differential equations for modeling high-dimensional monitored structures
Authors: Lai Zhilu , Liu Wei , Jian Xudong , Bacsa Kiran , Sun Limin , Chatzi Eleni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dimension of models derived on the basis of data is commonly restricted by the number of observations, or in the context of monitored systems, sensing nodes. This is particularly true for structural systems, which are typically high-dimensional in nature. In the scope of physics-informed machine learning, this article proposes a framework—termed neural modal ordinary differential equations (Neural Modal ODEs)—to integrate physics-based modeling with deep learning for modeling the dynamics of monitored and high-dimensional engineered systems. In this initiating exploration, we restrict ourselves to linear or mildly nonlinear systems. We propose an architecture that couples a dynamic version of variational autoencoders with physics-informed neural ODEs (Pi-Neural ODEs). An encoder, as a part of the autoencoder, learns the mappings from the first few items of observational data to the initial values of the latent variables, which drive the learning of embedded dynamics via Pi-Neural ODEs, imposing a modal model structure on that latent space. The decoder of the proposed model adopts the eigenmodes derived from an eigenanalysis applied to the linearized portion of a physics-based model: a process implicitly carrying the spatial relationship between degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). The framework is validated on a numerical example, and an experimental dataset of a scaled cable-stayed bridge, where the learned hybrid model is shown to out perform a purely physics-based approach to modeling. We further show the functionality of the proposed scheme within the context of virtual sensing, that is, the recovery of generalized response quantities in unmeasured DOFs from spatially sparse data.
Contribution to a modern treatment of Graphidaceae biodiversity in South Africa: genera of tribe Graphideae with hyaline ascospores
Authors: Medeiros Ian D. , Lutzoni François 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdditions and corrections are provided for the South African species of Graphidaceae tribe Graphideae with hyaline ascospores. Allographa oldayana I. Medeiros sp. nov. is described as new to science based on morphological, chemical and molecular data. The new species is characterized by lirellae with striate labia and a complete thalline margin, a completely carbonized excipulum, large, muriform ascospores, and the presence of hirtifructic acid. Allographa consanguinea (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, A. leptospora (Vain.) Lücking & Kalb, Diorygma aff. minisporum Kalb et al., Graphis crebra Vain., Gr. dupaxana Vain., Gr. furcata Fée, Gr. handelii Zahlbr., Gr. longula Kremp., Gr. pinicola Zahlbr., Gr. proserpens Vain, Gr. subhiascens (Müll. Arg.) Lücking and Platythecium sp. are reported as new records for South Africa. Allographa striatula (Ach.) Lücking & Kalb, Graphis analoga Nyl. and Gr. scripta (L.) Ach. are shown to be misapplied names that should be removed from the South African checklist. The new combination Mangoldia bylii (Vain.) I. Medeiros comb. nov. (bas. Graphis bylii Vain) is made; this represents an earlier name for M. atronitens (A. W. Archer) Lücking et al. Taxonomic notes are provided for Graphis bylii var. lividula Vain. and Gr. denudans Vain., species that are known only from their South African holotypes. Phylogenetic analyses that include new DNA sequence data from the nrLSU, mtSSU and RPB2 loci confirm the generic placements of several species for which molecular data were lacking: Allographa consanguinea, Glyphis atrofusca (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Graphis crebra and Gr. subhiascens.
Identification key to the lichen species of the parmelioid clade in Kenya
Authors: Farkas Edit , Muhoro Arthur Macharia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOf the c. 900 lichen species known from Kenya, 178 belong to the parmelioid clade. Several of these parmelioid taxa require further revisionary studies. An identification key to the species of the parmelioid clade, based on updated nomenclature, is produced to support the practical work in collecting and selecting certain parmelioid lichens for further research. A new combination Parmotrema nyasense (C. W. Dodge) R. S. Egan comb. nov. in Egan et al., Bibliotheca Lichenologica110, 383 (2016) is published here by R. S. Egan.
Projecting Compound Flood Hazard Under Climate Change With Physical Models and Joint Probability Methods
Authors: Gori Avantika , Lin Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurate delineation of compound flood hazard requires joint simulation of rainfall‐runoff and storm surges within high‐resolution flood models, which may be computationally expensive. There is a need for supplementing physical models with efficient, probabilistic methodologies for compound flood hazard assessment that can be applied under a range of climate and environment conditions. Here we propose an extension to the joint probability optimal sampling method (JPM‐OS), which has been widely used for storm surge assessment, and apply it for rainfall‐surge compound hazard assessment under climate change at the catchment‐scale. We utilize thousands of synthetic tropical cyclones (TCs) and physics‐based models to characterize storm surge and rainfall hazards at the coast. Then we implement a Bayesian quadrature optimization approach (JPM‐OS‐BQ) to select a small number (∼100) of storms, which are simulated within a high‐resolution flood model to characterize the compound flood hazard. We show that the limited JPM‐OS‐BQ simulations can capture historical flood return levels within 0.25 m compared to a high‐fidelity Monte Carlo approach. We find that the combined impact of 2100 sea‐level rise (SLR) and TC climatology changes on flood hazard change in the Cape Fear Estuary, NC will increase the 100‐year flood extent by 27% and increase inundation volume by 62%. Moreover, we show that probabilistic incorporation of SLR in the JPM‐OS‐BQ framework leads to different 100‐year flood maps compared to using a single mean SLR projection. Our framework can be applied to catchments across the United States Atlantic and Gulf coasts under a variety of climate and environment scenarios.
A Climatology of Extreme Convective Storms in Tropical and Subtropical East Asia and Their Ingredients for Heavy Rainfall as Seen by TRMM
Authors: Panasawatwong Warittha , Rasmussen Kristen L. , Bell Michael M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeavy rainfall is a challenge to forecast due to the variety of rainfall intensities and durations across a wide spectrum of high‐impact storm types. In this study, we analyze extreme storms in Tropical and Subtropical East Asia, a moisture‐rich environment with complex terrain and oceanic regions. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's Precipitation Radar is utilized to characterize the frequency and rainfall intensity of four extreme storm types. Extreme storms producing heavy precipitation are categorized into four types: deep convective cores (DCCs), deepwide convective cores (DWCCs), wide convective cores (WCCs), and broad stratiforms regions (BSRs). DCCs and DWCCs occur more frequently and produce stronger rain intensities over land compared to those over ocean. However, WCCs and BSRs occur more frequently over oceans, especially in association with the Meiyu front season and climatological progression in the northern subregions. Although the Convective Cores show higher rain intensities than the BSRs, they show lower volumetric rain rate due to their comparatively smaller horizontal area. An ingredients‐based framework is applied to find key similarities across the different heavy rainfall‐producing storms near Taiwan using ERA5 reanalysis. The analysis shows that the broader systems (i.e., WCCs and BSRs) are associated with larger in area and longer timescales of vertical moisture flux and low‐level wind shear that support the development of the horizontally large, organized storms. Smaller DCCs do not show strong vertical moisture flux on the spatial scales resolved by the reanalysis, suggesting their more local nature and less meso‐ or synoptic scale support.
Optical synaptic devices with ultra-low power consumption for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhu Chenguang , Liu Huawei , Wang Wenqiang , Xiang Li , Jiang Jie , Shuai Qin , Yang Xin , Zhang Tian , Zheng Biyuan , Wang Hui , Li Dong , Pan Anlian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain-inspired neuromorphic computing, featured by parallel computing, is considered as one of the most energy-efficient and time-saving architectures for massive data computing. However, photonic synapse, one of the key components, is still suffering high power consumption, potentially limiting its applications in artificial neural system. In this study, we present a BP/CdS heterostructure-based artificial photonic synapse with ultra-low power consumption. The device shows remarkable negative light response with maximum responsivity up to 4.1 × 108 A W−1 at VD = 0.5 V and light power intensity of 0.16 μW cm−2 (1.78 × 108 A W−1 on average), which further enables artificial synaptic applications with average power consumption as low as 4.78 fJ for each training process, representing the lowest among the reported results. Finally, a fully-connected optoelectronic neural network (FONN) is simulated with maximum image recognition accuracy up to 94.1%. This study provides new concept towards the designing of energy-efficient artificial photonic synapse and shows great potential in high-performance neuromorphic vision systems.
Comparing saliva and blood for the detection of mosaic genomic abnormalities that cause syndromic intellectual disability
Authors: Francis David I. , Stark Zornitza , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Tan Tiong Yang , Murali Krithika , Gallacher Lyndon , Amor David J. , Goel Himanshu , Downie Lilian , Stutterd Chloe A. , Krzesinski Emma I. , Vasudevan Anand , Oertel Ralph , Petrovic Vida , Boys Amber , Wei Vivian , Burgess Trent , Dun Karen , Oliver Karen L. , Baxter Anne , Hackett Anna , Ayres Samantha , Lunke Sebastian , Kalitsis Paul , Wall Meaghan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether SNP-microarray genomic testing of saliva had a greater diagnostic yield than blood for pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). We selected patients who underwent CMA testing of both blood and saliva from 23,289 blood and 21,857 saliva samples. Our cohort comprised 370 individuals who had testing of both, 224 with syndromic intellectual disability (ID) and 146 with isolated ID. Mosaic pathogenic CNVs or aneuploidy were detected in saliva but not in blood in 20/370 (4.4%). All 20 individuals had syndromic ID, accounting for 9.1% of the syndromic ID sub-cohort. Pathogenic CNVs were large in size (median of 46 Mb), and terminal in nature, with median mosaicism of 27.5% (not exceeding 40%). By contrast, non-mosaic pathogenic CNVs were 100% concordant between blood and saliva, considerably smaller in size (median of 0.65 Mb), and predominantly interstitial in location. Given that salivary microarray testing has increased diagnostic utility over blood in individuals with syndromic ID, we recommend it as a first-tier testing in this group.
Highly tunable β-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials
Authors: Cheng Yudong , Yang Qun , Wang Jiangjing , Dimitriadis Theodoros , Schumacher Mathias , Zhang Huiru , Müller Maximilian J. , Amini Narges , Yang Fan , Schoekel Alexander , Pries Julian , Mazzarello Riccardo , Wuttig Matthias , Yu Hai-Bin , Wei Shuai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn glasses, secondary (β-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of β-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to β-relaxations. We find that the β-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened β-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the β-relaxations.
Deficiency and excess of groundwater iodine and their health associations
Authors: Ma Ruoqi , Yan Mingquan , Han Peng , Wang Ting , Li Bin , Zhou Shungui , Zheng Tong , Hu Yandi , Borthwick Alistair G. L. , Zheng Chunmiao , Ni Jinren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMore than two billion people worldwide have suffered thyroid disorders from either iodine deficiency or excess. By creating the national map of groundwater iodine throughout China, we reveal the spatial responses of diverse health risks to iodine in continental groundwater. Greater non-carcinogenic risks relevant to lower iodine more likely occur in the areas of higher altitude, while those associated with high groundwater iodine are concentrated in the areas suffered from transgressions enhanced by land over-use and intensive anthropogenic overexploitation. The potential roles of groundwater iodine species are also explored: iodide might be associated with subclinical hypothyroidism particularly in higher iodine regions, whereas iodate impacts on thyroid risks in presence of universal salt iodization exhibit high uncertainties in lower iodine regions. This implies that accurate iodine supply depending on spatial heterogeneity and dietary iodine structure optimization are highly needed to mitigate thyroid risks in iodine-deficient and -excess areas globally.