bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unmatched Radio Frequency Chain for Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Harper Joshua R. , Zárate Cristhian , Krauch Federico , Muhumuza Ivan , Molina Jorge , Obungoloch Johnes , Schiff Steven J. 
Published: February 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe and versatile diagnostic tool for intracranial imaging, however it is also one of the most expensive and specialized making it scarce in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC). The affordability and portability of low-field MRI offers the potential for increased access to brain imaging for diseases like Hydrocephalus in LMIC. In this tutorial style work, we show the design of a low powered and low cost radio frequency chain of electronics to be paired with a previously reported prepolarized low-field MRI for childhood hydrocephalus imaging in sub-Saharan Africa where the incidence of this condition is high. Since the Larmor frequency for this system is as low as 180 kHz, we are able to minimize the impedance of the transmit coil to 5 ohms rather than match to 50 ohms as is traditionally the case. This reduces transmit power consumption by a factor of 10. We also show the use of inexpensive and commonly available animal enclosure fencing (“chicken wire”) as a shield material at this frequency and compare to more traditional shield designs. These preliminary results show that highly portable and affordable low-field MRI systems could provide image resolution and signal-to-noise sufficient for planning hydrocephalus treatment in areas of the world with substantial resource limitations. Employment of these technologies in sub-Saharan Africa offers a cost-effective, sustainable approach to neurological diagnosis and treatment planning in this disease burdened region.
Ketorolac Administration After Colorectal Surgery Increases Anastomotic Leak Rate: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Wen , Liu Jing , Yang Yongqiang , Ai Yanhong , Yang Yueting 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether ketorolac administration is associated with an increased anastomotic leak rate after colorectal surgery.MethodsThe literature was searched using the Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases, and the search ended on May 31, 2020. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodological quality. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square Q test and I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed, and Egger's test was used to assess publication bias.ResultsThis meta-analysis included seven studies with 400,822 patients. Our results demonstrated that ketorolac administration after surgery increases the risk of anastomotic leak [OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.81–2.49, Z = 1.21, P = 0.23]. Low heterogeneity was observed across these studies (I2 = 0%, P = 0.51). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the use of ketorolac in case–control and retrospective cohort studies significantly increased the risk of anastomotic leak (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that ketorolac use increased anastomotic leak rate in patients in the United States and Canada, and ketorolac plus morphine use did not increase anastomotic leak rate in Taiwanese patients (P &lt; 0.05). No significant publication bias was observed (P = 0.126). Moreover, the analysis of risk factors related to anastomotic leak rate indicated that the total use of ketorolac did not increase the risk of anastomotic leak similar to the control group (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThe meta-analysis indicates that the use of ketorolac increases the risk of anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42020195724.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care research: views of GP trainees and trainers
Authors: Stephenson Sarah , Tang Eugene Yee Hing , Tang Eugene , Williams Penny , Allan Hilary , Rouse John , Burton Morag , Wroe Caroline , Bellamy Richard , Hesselgreaves Hannah 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPrimary care plays an important role in the conception and delivery of transformational research but GP engagement is lacking, prompting calls for the promotion of academic opportunities in primary care.AimTo identify potential barriers and facilitators among GP trainees and trainers in primary care research to inform support given by Local Clinical Research Networks (LCRNs).Design & settingA cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed by the CRN to GP trainees and trainers in the North East and North West.MethodThe survey covered areas including demographics, career intentions, current and potential engagement with research, as well as their general understanding of research in primary care, which included barriers and facilitators to primary care research.ResultsTrainees had low intentionality to pursue research and half of trainees did not engage with any research activity. Despite one in five trainees reporting intentions to include research in their career, only 1% would undertake a solely academic career. Medical school region was the only strongly associated factor with academic career intention. Just under 30% of trainers reported engagement in research, but far fewer (8.6%) were interested in contributing to research, and only 10% felt prepared to mentor in research.ConclusionAmong trainees, there is limited engagement in and intentionality to pursue research, and this was crucially reflected by responses from trainers. This study identified the need for LCRNs to assist with training in research mentoring and skills, funding opportunities, and to develop resources to promote research in primary care.
Experiences of patients receiving Home Care and living with polypharmacy: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Mannheimer Stina , Bergqvist Monica , Bastholm-Rahmner Pia , Gustafsson Lars L , Vég Anikó , Schmidt-Mende Katharina 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIn Sweden, patients receiving Home Care (HC) are older people with frailty and multimorbidity, and are often treated with many medicines. Their perspectives on polypharmacy have been sparsely explored.AimTo investigate HC patients’ experiences and perceptions regarding polypharmacy.Design & settingSemi-structured interviews with 17 patients with HC in Stockholm, Sweden.MethodThe interview questions were open and aimed to encourage participants to speak freely about their personal experiences of living with polypharmacy. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe participants’ median age was 83.5 years (range 74–97 years) and the median number of prescribed medicines was 11 (range 5–30). The following two themes were identified: (1) experiences from daily life with polypharmacy; and (2) dependency on the relationship to healthcare professionals. The first theme contains the main finding, which was the diversity in how older people experienced polypharmacy and how they coped with polypharmacy in everyday life. While some were satisfied despite having multiple medicines, others experienced such psychological unease owing to polypharmacy that it led to reduced quality of life. The second theme reflects the importance of the relationship between the older person and healthcare professionals for medicine-related ideas and attitudes.ConclusionThe individual variation in experiences regarding polypharmacy points to the value of interprofessional teamwork with the patient as an active partner. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to adapt a more person-centred approach where the patient’s perspectives are respected and considered in medicine-related decisionmaking.
The Possibility of Using Dydrogesterone in the Complex Treatment of Menstrual Irregularities and Clinical Endometriosis in Women of Early and Young Reproductive Age: Rationale and Prospects for Conservative Therapy
Authors: Иванишкина-Кудина О.Л. , Иконостасова И.В. , Коротких О.В. 
Published: February 2022

В обзоре представлены сведения о применении дидрогестерона у женщин раннего репродуктивного возраста с нарушениями менструального цикла и клиническими предикторами и/или проявлениями эндометриоза. Согласно данным, дидрогестерон можно рекомендовать как в режиме монотерапии, так и при комплексном подходе в долибо постоперационном периоде, а также в качестве противорецидивной терапии. Данный терапевтический подход позволяет снизить экономические затраты и максимально сузить зоны риска при гормональной терапии у пациенток с экстрагенитальной патологией и ограниченными диагностическими возможностями в определенный период времени. Длительность терапии дидрогестероном должна составлять не менее 6-9 месяцев для достижения стойкого эффекта.
The review provides information on the use of dydrogesterone in women of early reproductive age with menstrual irregularities and clinical predictors and / or manifestations of endometriosis. According to the data, dydrogesterone can be recommended both as a monotherapy and in an integrated approach in the pre-or postoperative period, as well as as anti-relapse therapy. This therapeutic approach allows to reduce economic costs and to maximally narrow the “risk zones” during hormone therapy in patients with extragenital pathology and limited diagnostic capabilities in a certain period of time. The duration of dydrogesterone therapy should be at least 6-9 months to achieve a lasting effect.
Elezioni primarie e segretezza del voto: elementi pubblicistici ed associazionismo privato
Authors: Gratteri Andrea 
Published: February 2022

Lo scorso 16 ottobre più di settemila elettori si sono recati al seggio allestito dai partiti dell’Unione, hanno magari affrontato una lunga attesa, hanno sottoscritto una dichiarazione di adesione ad un progetto politico, hanno pagato almeno un euro quale contributo alle spese, si sono appartati dietro ad un paravento, hanno piegato la scheda elettorale e l’hanno inserita nell’urna senza apporvi alcun segno. Contemporaneamente altri novemila elettori compivano le stesse operazioni salvo invalidare la scheda.
Il comportamento di questi elettori, che pure rappresentano una frazione minima di coloro che si sono espressi per scegliere il leader dell’Unione, mette in evidenza uno degli elementi di maggior delicatezza di una consultazione, come quella delle primarie, dove si possono distinguere due diversi atti politicamente significativi: prima, la decisione di partecipare al voto; poi, la scelta fra le diverse opzioni di voto.
Cosa ha spinto allora quei sedicimila elettori ad esprimere un voto non valido? Si deve pensare che costoro siano portatori di un senso di appartenenza al progetto dell’Unione tanto elevato da voler partecipare alla consultazione pur non volendo sostenere nessuno dei candidati? Alcuni probabilmente hanno voluto esprimere questo loro giudizio, magari votando goliardicamente, per esempio, per Valentino Rossi. Altri elettori, però, hanno presumibilmente votato scheda bianca (o nulla) perché la loro assenza al seggio sarebbe stata notata: per una qualche ragione dovevano esserci.
Da queste prime considerazioni emerge il problema inestricabile di tutte quelle consultazioni in cui partecipazione e non partecipazione sono espressive di un comportamento connotato politicamente, come avviene ormai “tradizionalmente” in occasione dei referendum abrogativi. In questo caso solo la maturità della comunità politica e la diffusa legalità del sistema possono essere invocate per mitigare l’incidenza di pressanti forme di controllo (sociale e personale) e di indebite interferenze sulla partecipazione che, di fatto, limitano la libertà del voto.
È pertanto evidente che la questione della segretezza del voto è di rilevante interesse anche per le consultazioni prive di ufficialità. In occasioni di questo genere la segretezza del voto può, perlomeno, attenuare le eventuali pressioni subite da chi, controvoglia, si è magari recato comunque al seggio.
Georgic Marvel: Agriculture and Affect
Authors: Mannon Ethan 
Published: February 2022

How do humans respond, emotionally and psychologically, to georgic spaces and places? What do we think and feel when we encounter “working landscapes”—those rural places (primarily farms, but also mines and working forests) where labor produces goods that meet our material and metabolic needs? Despite increasing attention to the georgic literary tradition, these questions remain unsettled. In fact, much of the growing body of georgic scholarship disagrees about the kinds of responses generated by georgic landscapes. One task that remains, then, is to map the current scholarly terrain and synthesize, if possible, a theory of georgic affect. A related, equally important task is to ground such a theory as much as possible in the realities of soil and sun and water. Without attention to such fundamentals, the georgic mode will likely remain solely the property of academics or, equally unfortunate, become as steeped in myth and therefore as untethered from the material world as the pastoral mode. Thus, in “Georgic Marvel” I derive from scholarship and experience a nuanced but intelligible concept describing the human response to georgic places. In short, my intention is to begin to do for working landscapes what the concept of the sublime has done for wilderness. I argue that the experience of georgic places generates marvel and humility. At least two different kinds of catalysts initiate this reaction: encounters with either an epic past or with some kind of biotic mystery trigger marvel—a kind of negative hubris that tears down anthropocentrism by reminding us of the past and of other actors and agents. In its challenge to our self-centeredness, georgic marvel approximates the sublime, but relates to a different land use category and represents a distinct response. Whereas terror is integral to the experience of the sublime, georgic marvel creates intrigue and curiosity rather than fear. Marvel leads us deeper. The article concludes with an exploration of the ways in which a theory of georgic affect rooted in marvel would productively reorient our understanding of the human place in the world.
Review Essay of 'Anthropocene Poetics: Deep Time, Sacrifice Zones and Extinction' and 'The New Poetics of Climate Change: Modernist Aesthetics for a Warming World'
Authors: McGiffin Emily 
Published: February 2022

Review essay of Anthropocene Poetics: Deep Time, Sacrifice Zones and Extinction and The New Poetics of Climate Change: Modernist Aesthetics for a Warming World.
Comparative study of efficacy of oral iron versus parenteral iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Elias , Mahfuz Huque , Uddin Mohammed Mosleh , Karim Md. Mostafil 
Published: February 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiency and common medical conditions seen in everyday clinical practice. IDA has a substantial haematological complication with potentially serious clinical consequences that often may require iron therapy. In most patients, body stores of iron can be restored by oral iron therapy but parenteral iron therapy results rapid correction of haemoglobin levels, faster and higher replenishment of iron stores with better compliance. The study was to compare the efficacy of oral iron (ferrous sulphate) with parenteral iron (iron sucrose) to treat iron deficiency anaemia. Methods: 221 patients were included in the study. 101 patients were given oral iron in the form of ferrous sulphate containing 67 mg of elemental iron three times daily. 120 patients were treated with iron sucrose. After a 25 mg test dose on the first infusion only, this was given at a dose of 300 mg by intravenous infusion diluted in 250 ml of normal saline, every alternate day. Haemoglobin level and serum ferritin of both groups were done before iron therapy, 3 weeks and 12 weeks after iron therapy. Results: The mean±SD rise of haemoglobin concentration 3 weeks after iron therapy in iron sucrose group was 11.2±0.60 g/dL, while in ferrous sulphate group was 9.0±0.58 g/dL. The mean±SD ferritin 3 weeks after iron therapy in iron sucrose group was 81.0±15.18 ng/mL, while in ferrous sulphate group was 27.0±12.22 ng/mL. The mean±SD haemoglobin concentration 12 weeks after iron therapy in iron sucrose group was 12.2±0.60 g/dL, while in ferrous sulphate group was 11.0±0.58 g/dL. The mean±SD ferritin 12 weeks after iron therapy in iron sucrose group was 82.0±16.17 ng/mL, while in ferrous sulphate group was 52.0±12.22 ng/mL. No serious adverse events were reported in either the ferrous sulphate group or iron sucrose group. Conclusion: Iron sucrose causes higher rise in haemoglobin level and serum ferritin as compared to oral iron therapy.
Differentiated Approach to Surgical Treatment of Blount's Disease and Rickets-Like Diseases
Authors: Martsyniak S.M. , Nemesh M.M. , Kabatsii M.S. , Moroz D.M. , Savchyn N.B. 
Published: February 2022

Relevance. Blount's disease and vitamin-D-dependent rickets (VDDR) are nosologically different skeletal diseases in childhood. Considering the similarity of the clinical and radiological picture, orthopedists and pediatricians make mistakes in diagnostics, which leads to wrong treatment tactics.
Objective: to establish clear indications for surgical treatment of Blount's disease and rickets-like diseases.
Materials and Methods. Surgical treatment of 13 patients with varus lower extremity deformities with vitamin-D-dependent rickets and 29 patients with Blount's disease was carried out; 26 and 42 surgical interventions were made, respectively. The patients' age ranged from 6 months to 14 years.
Results. Multilevel osteotomies with blocking and growing intramedullary rods should be performed for the treatment of rickety deformities. Applied plates are used only in single-level corrective osteotomies. The use of eight-shaped plates is indicated in the process of the growth zone functioning. In Blount's disease, we recommend: (1) blocking growth zones in patients with 1-4 degrees of deformity, II-VI stages according to Langenskiöld, and skeletal maturity of 23 to 33 points; (2) semicircular dissection in patients with 1-2 degrees of deformity, I-II stages according to Langenskiöld, and skeletal maturity of 18 to 23 points; (3) corrective osteotomies combined with simultaneous blocking of growth zones in patients with 3-4 degrees of deformity, V-VI stages according to Langenskiöld, and skeletal maturity of 30 to 33 points.
Conclusions. The presented laboratory diagnostics enables differentiate diagnostics of the etiological affiliation of the varus deformity of the lower leg. If rickets is detected, pathogenetic conservative treatment should be performed; in case of Blount's disease, surgical treatment should be started using minimally invasive methods. In the absence of positive dynamics in case of rickets, guided growth should be applied. In case of multiplanar deformities, one should apply the methods of corrective and reinforced surgical treatment: multilevel osteotomies with a blocking intramedullary rod after the closure of the growth zones and osteotomy with a telescopic intramedullary rod in case of preserved growth zone. If Blount's disease is diagnosed early, timely and correctly, growth zone blocking is the method of choice. In case of recurrence, corrective osteotomies with blockage of growth zones should be performed.
Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Protocluster at z = 3.37 with a High Fraction of Quiescent Galaxies
Authors: McConachie Ian , Wilson Gillian , Forrest Ben , Marsan Z. Cemile , Muzzin Adam , Cooper M. C. , Annunziatella Marianna , Marchesini Danilo , Chan Jeffrey C. C. , Gomez Percy , Abdullah Mohamed H. , Saracco Paolo , Nantais Julie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of MAGAZ3NE J095924+022537, a spectroscopically confirmed protocluster at

z
=

3.3665

−
0.0012

+
0.0009

around a spectroscopically confirmed UVJ-quiescent ultramassive galaxy (UMG;

M

⋆

=

2.34

−
0.34

+
0.23

×

10

11

M

⊙

) in the COSMOS UltraVISTA field. We present a total of 38 protocluster members (14 spectroscopic and 24 photometric), including the UMG. Notably, and in marked contrast to protoclusters previously reported at this epoch that have been found to contain predominantly star-forming members, we measure an elevated fraction of quiescent galaxies relative to the coeval field (

73.3

−
16.9

+
26.7

%

versus

11.6

−
4.9

+
7.1

%

for galaxies with stellar mass M
⋆ ≥ 1011
M
⊙). This high quenched fraction provides a striking and important counterexample to the seeming ubiquitousness of star-forming galaxies in protoclusters at z > 2 and suggests, rather, that protoclusters exist in a diversity of evolutionary states in the early universe. We discuss the possibility that we might be observing either “early mass quenching” or nonclassical “environmental quenching.” We also present the discovery of MAGAZ3NE J100028+023349, a second spectroscopically confirmed protocluster, at a very similar redshift of

z
=

3.3801

−
0.0281

+
0.0213

. We present a total of 20 protocluster members, 12 of which are photometric and eight spectroscopic including a poststarburst UMG (

M

⋆

=

2.95

−
0.20

+
0.21

×

10

11

M

⊙

). Protoclusters MAGAZ3NE J0959 and MAGAZ3NE J1000 are separated by 18′ on the sky (35 comoving Mpc), in good agreement with predictions from simulations for the size of “Coma”-type cluster progenitors at this epoch. It is highly likely that the two UMGs are the progenitors of Brightest Cluster Galaxies seen in massive virialized clusters at lower redshift.
Four-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: On-sky Receiver Performance at 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz Frequency Bands
Authors: Dahal Sumit , Appel John W. , Datta Rahul , Brewer Michael K. , Ali Aamir , Bennett Charles L. , Bustos Ricardo , Chan Manwei , Chuss David T. , Cleary Joseph , Couto Jullianna D. , Denis Kevin L. , Dünner Rolando , Eimer Joseph , Espinoza Francisco , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Golec Joseph E. , Harrington Kathleen , Helson Kyle , Iuliano Jeffrey , Karakla John , Li 李 Yunyang 云炀 , Marriage Tobias A. , McMahon Jeffrey J. , Miller Nathan J. , Novack Sasha , Núñez Carolina , Osumi Keisuke , Padilla Ivan L. , Palma Gonzalo A. , Parker Lucas , Petroff Matthew A. , Reeves Rodrigo , Rhoades Gary , Rostem Karwan , Valle Deniz A. N. , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu 徐 Zhilei 智磊 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) observes the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) over the angular scales of 1° ≲ θ ≤ 90° with the aim of characterizing primordial gravitational waves and cosmic reionization. We report on the on-sky performance of the CLASS Q-band (40 GHz), W-band (90 GHz), and dichroic G-band (150/220 GHz) receivers that have been operational at the CLASS site in the Atacama desert since 2016 June, 2018 May, and 2019 September, respectively. We show that the noise-equivalent power measured by the detectors matches the expected noise model based on on-sky optical loading and lab-measured detector parameters. Using Moon, Venus, and Jupiter observations, we obtain power to antenna temperature calibrations and optical efficiencies for the telescopes. From the CMB survey data, we compute instantaneous array noise-equivalent-temperature sensitivities of 22, 19, 23, and 71

μ

K

cmb

s

for the 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz frequency bands, respectively. These noise temperatures refer to white noise amplitudes, which contribute to sky maps at all angular scales. Future papers will assess additional noise sources impacting larger angular scales.