bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and molecular modeling of some novel hydroxypyrone derivatives as antidermatophytic agents
Authors: Karakaya Gülşah , Türe Aslı , Özdemir Aysun , Özçelik Berrin , Aytemir Mutlu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDermatophytes are pathogenic fungi, comprising the major cause of superficial fungal infections called dermatophytes. Although they infect keratinized tissues such as skin, nail, and hair, invasive serious infections may occur in immunocompromised patients. However, current antifungal drugs show considerable drawbacks, such as toxicity and multiple drug resistance, compelling and directing researches for new antidermatophyte agents. Herein, a series of hydroxypyrone bearing compounds inspired from the natural metabolite kojic acid was reported. Their antidermatophytic effects of the compounds against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinaceid, and Epidermophyton floccosum were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of the compounds on healthy (MRC‐5) and carcinogenic (He‐La) cell lines was also investigated, and their cytopathogenic effects were expressed as maximum non‐toxic concentrations. According to the activity studies, compounds 10 and 22 were found as the most promising antidermatophytic agents (MIC: 2 μg/ml), exhibiting comparable effect with that of griseofulvin (MIC: 0.5–1 μg/ml) and terbinafine (MIC: 0.125–0.5 μg/ml) which are the most widely used agents for treating mycoses caused by dermatophytes. Molecular docking analysis of the most active compounds, compound 10 and compound 22, with homology model of β‐tubulin protein was carried out to investigate the possible binding conformation of the compounds in the targeted macromolecule.
Evaluation of various remineralizing agents containing calcium and phosphate on caries by using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ataş Demir Merve , Hazar Bodrumlu Ebru , Demiriz Levent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe remineralization process of dental caries is dependent on the Ca and PO4−3ions that are lost during demineralization back to the tooth tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the PO4−3changes of enamel surfaces by using Raman analysis, as a result of applying three different remineralization agents containing Ca‐PO4−3in in vitro conditions. Enamel specimens obtained from 80 human third molar teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) each according to surface treatment: no treatment (control), casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and amorphous calcium phosphate. The effects of remineralization agents were evaluated according to PO4−3changes by using Raman analysis. Statistical analyses were performed by using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tamhane's T2 tests. There was a statistically significant difference between the study group surfaces subjected to the pH cycling process and remineralization and the control group surfaces only subjected to pH cycling (p < 0.05). However, the intragroup evaluation showed no statistically significant difference between the mean PO4−3changes of intact and remineralized surfaces (p > 0.05). Remineralizing agents have positive effects on the phosphate concentration of initial enamel caries at the level of intact tooth tissue.
Silencing of lncRNA CRNDE attenuates nonsmall‐cell lung cancer progression by mediating the miR‐455‐3p/HDAC2 axis
Authors: Li Na , Chen Xiao‐Juan , Zeng Yun‐Hui , Zeng Li‐Ping , Hu Ke , Chen Li‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonsmall‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. LncRNAs are confirmed to be involved in the progression of NSCLC. Meanwhile, lncRNA CRNDE is known to be upregulated in NSCLC; however, the mechanism by which CRNDE regulates the tumourigenesis of NSCLC remains unclear. To test the function of CRNDE in NSCLC, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were investigated by colony formation and Transwell assays, respectively. qPCR and Western blotting were applied to test gene and protein levels. In addition, the relationship among CRNDE, miR‐455‐3p, and HDAC2 was explored by dual‐luciferase and RIP assays. The data revealed that the expression of CRNDE was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, while miR‐455‐3p was downregulated. CRNDE knockdown inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells or epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR)‐mutant NSCLC cells. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐455‐3p exhibited the opposite effect. CRNDE bound with miR‐455‐3p, and HDAC2 was found to be targeted by miR‐455‐3p. Meanwhile, miR‐455‐3p downregulation reversed the effect of CRNDE knockdown on NSCLC cell function. Furthermore, miR‐455‐3p notably inhibited the growth and invasion of NSCLC cells via downregulation of HDAC2. Knockdown of CRNDE attenuated NSCLC progression via modulation of the miR‐455‐3p/HDAC2 axis. Thus, those findings might provide a novel strategy against NSCLC.
Application of urodynamics combined with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with low bladder compliance and vesicoureteric reflux who underwent bladder augmentation alone
Authors: Zhang Han‐Chao , Ye Xin , Yang Yue , Liu Zheng‐Dao , Gong Ye‐Qiong , Yang Jin , Liang Guo‐Biao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe assessed the use of common urodynamics (CUD) combined with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to investigate the efficacy and durability of sigmoid cystoplasty alone in patients with low bladder compliance associated with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In this study, we recruited 25 patients with low bladder compliance and VUR who underwent bladder augmentation without antireflux surgery at our institutions between June 2017 and June 2021. The bladder condition and VUR grade were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively via CUD combined with CEUS. The mean follow‐up period was 2.6 years. CUD showed significant improvement in bladder capacity and compliance and a decrease in intravesical pressure after sigmoid cystoplasty. CEUS demonstrated resolution of VUR compared with preoperative assessment. Of the 25 patients who had various degrees of reflux, VUR was eliminated in 18 patients and reduced to a lower grade in the remaining seven patients. CUD combined with CEUS is accurate and safe. They are invaluable and reliable tools for morphological and functional evaluations of the entire urinary tract in patients with low bladder compliance and VUR.
Comparison of Inhaled Drug Delivery in Patients With One‐ and Two‐level Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Gosman Raluca E. , Sicard Ryan M. , Cohen Seth M. , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a functionally devastating condition with high respiratory morbidity and mortality. This preliminary study investigates airflow dynamics and stenotic drug delivery in patients with one‐ and two‐level LTS.Study DesignA Computational Modeling Restropective Cohort Study.MethodsComputed tomography scans from seven LTS patients, five with one‐level (three subglottic, two tracheal), and two with two‐level (glottis + trachea, glottis + subglottis) were used to reconstruct patient‐specific three‐dimensional upper airway models. Airflow and orally inhaled drug particle transport were simulated using computational fluid dynamics modeling. Drug particle transport was simulated for 1–20 μm particles released into the mouth at velocities of 0 m/s, 1 m/s, 3 m/s, and 10 m/s for metered dose inhaler (MDI) and 0 m/s for dry powder inhaler (DPI) simulations. Airflow resistance and stenotic drug deposition in the patients' airway models were compared.ResultsOverall, there was increased airflow resistance at stenotic sites in subjects with two‐level versus one‐level stenosis (0.136 Pa s/ml vs. 0.069 Pa s/ml averages). Subjects with two‐level stenosis had greater particle deposition at sites of stenosis compared to subjects with one‐level stenosis (average deposition 2.31% vs. 0.96%). One‐level stenosis subjects, as well as one two‐level stenosis subject, had the greatest deposition using MDI with a spacer (0 m/s): 2.59% and 4.34%, respectively. The second two‐level stenosis subject had the greatest deposition using DPI (3.45%). Maximum deposition across all stenotic subtypes except one‐level tracheal stenosis was achieved with particle sizes of 6–10 μm.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients with two‐level LTS may experience a more constricted laryngotracheal airflow profile compared to patients with one‐level LTS, which may enhance overall stenotic drug deposition.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:366–374, 2023
Fifteen years of conservation tillage increases soil aggregate stability by altering the contents and chemical composition of organic carbon fractions in Mollisols
Authors: Zhou Meng , Xiao Yang , Zhang Xingyi , Xiao Leilei , Ding Guangwei , Cruse Richard M. , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMollisols contain a high amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) that is highly susceptible to tillage practices. Conservation tillage (CT) could improve soil aggregate stability, but the predominant factor controlling this stability remains debatable. This study reports on a tillage management experiment established in 2004 to explore the influences of tillage practices on the content and chemical composition of labile and recalcitrant OC fractions, plus with the aggregate stability change and potential mechanisms. CT without straw mulching, reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT) (zero tillage) with straw mulching were set up. Compared with CT, 15‐year RT significantly increased SOC content (by 11.4%) in the surface (0–10 cm) by increasing the amount of aromatic compounds. Simultaneously, RT and NT promoted soil aggregate stability, as verified by the increase in mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 7%–71.3% at 0–30 cm soil depth. Of importance, RT and NT increased aromatic compound amount of silt + clay fractions (by 12.6%–27.2%) within macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) but decreased that (by 15.6%–32.9%) within free microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) than CT at 0–30 cm soil depth. Collectively, conservation tillage controls the SOC stability in Mollisols by regulating the MWD and GMD values and further affects the amount of aromatic compounds in silt + clay fractions within aggregates. Rather than physical and biochemical protection, chemical protection through a mineral association could be the crucial mechanism for aggregate stability under long‐term conservation tillage in Mollisols.
A frequency‐selective rasorber with wideband absorption and in‐band transmission using resistive ink
Authors: Patinavalasa Megh Sainadh , Banoth Laxmi , Sharma Aditi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav , Ghosh Saptarshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA polarization‐insensitive frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) with wideband absorption and in‐band transmission characteristics has been presented and investigated in this letter. The unit cell of the proposed FSR comprises one lossy and one lossless resonator, both printed on FR4 substrates and segregated by an air spacer. Resistive ink patterns are deposited in the top lossy layer to realize a wideband absorption, displaying significant improvement over the existing FSR structures. The absorption bandwidths are obtained from 1.31 to 3.22 GHz and 4.88 to 6.69 GHz having fractional bandwidths of 84.32% and 31.28%, respectively. An in‐band transmission response is occurred, due to the bottom lossless layer, at 4.05 GHz between the two absorption bands with a small insertion loss. The equivalent circuit model is used to develop the proposed FSR and the design variables are formulated accordingly to generate the desired passband and stopband characteristics. Variation in the incident and reflected/transmitted wave properties have also been studied and the topology is found to be polarization‐insensitive as well as angularly stable. Finally, the structure has been fabricated and measured to validate the FSR design principle and its performance.
Three‐dimensional star antenna for wearable defense application
Authors: Borah Pranjal , Das Debika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this letter, design and characterization of an antenna fabricated using the three‐dimensional star used in the epaulets of defense personnel are presented for its use in sub‐6 GHz 5G communication. Initially, the star antenna is designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio by choosing its dimension in accordance with those in the epaulets. The star antenna is placed over a single‐sided copper‐clad substrate and is excited via a coaxial probe, where an attempt to achieve the optimum feed position is made via simulation. This is followed by simulation of a two‐star array antenna where the element separation commensurate with the arrangement as that on the epaulets. Subsequently, a single‐ and two‐star array antenna is fabricated and their return loss and free space radiation pattern measurements are carried out. Measured results reflect a good comparison with that of the simulated one.
Patients' lived experiences of breathlessness prior to prehospital care – A phenomenological study
Authors: Kauppi Wivica , Axelsson Christer , Herlitz Johan , Jiménez‐Herrera Maria F. , Palmér Lina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aimed to describe how breathlessness is experienced by patients prior to prehospital care.DesignA qualitative phenomenological design.MethodsLifeworld interviews were conducted with 14 participants. The analysis was carried out within the descriptive phenomenological framework.ResultsThe essential meaning of the breathlessness phenomenon is described as an existential fear in terms of losing control over one’s body and dying, which involves a battle to try to regain control. This is further described by four constituents: being in an unknown body, striving to handle the situation, the ambiguity of having loved ones close and reaching the utmost border.ConclusionsPatients describe a battling for survival. It is at the extreme limit of endurance that patients finally choose to call the emergency number. It is a challenge for the ambulance clinician (AC) to support these patients in the most optimal fashion.
Reinforcement learning‐based adaptive optimal tracking algorithm for Markov jump systems with partial unknown dynamics
Authors: Tu Yidong , Fang Haiyang , Wang Hai , Shi Kaibo , He Shuping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, a novel method is proposed to solve the adaptive optimal tracking algorithm for a class of Markov jump systems. First, the augmented system with the tracking signal is built under the decoupling Markov jump systems and it is proved that the selected performance index satisfies the algebraic Riccati equation which can be solved by policy iteration schemes. Then, a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is used to solve the coupled algebraic Riccati equations by using partial knowledge of system dynamics. The convergence of the partial model‐free integral RL iteration algorithm is also proved. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the better tracking effectiveness and accuracy of the online iteration algorithm comparing with the offline one.
Glomerular basement membrane deposition of collagen α1(III) in Alport glomeruli by mesangial filopodia injures podocytes via aberrant signaling through DDR1 and integrin α2β1
Authors: Madison Jacob , Wilhelm Kevin , Meehan Daniel T , Delimont Duane , Samuelson Gina , Cosgrove Dominic 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Alport mice, activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) in mesangial cells results in sub‐endothelial invasion of glomerular capillaries by mesangial filopodia. Filopodia deposit mesangial matrix in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), including laminin 211 which activates NF‐κB, resulting in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Herein we show that collagen α1(III) is also deposited in the GBM. Collagen α1(III) localized to the mesangium in wild‐type mice and was found in both the mesangium and the GBM in Alport mice. We show that collagen α1(III) activates discoidin domain receptor family, member 1 (DDR1) receptors both in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate whether collagen α1(III) might cause podocyte injury, cultured murine Alport podocytes were overlaid with recombinant collagen α1(III), or not, for 24 h and RNA was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). These same cells were subjected to siRNA knockdown for integrin α2 or DDR1 and the RNA was analyzed by RNA‐seq. Results were validated in vivo using RNA‐seq from RNA isolated from wild‐type and Alport mouse glomeruli. Numerous genes associated with podocyte injury were up‐ or down‐regulated in both Alport glomeruli and cultured podocytes treated with collagen α1(III), 18 of which have been associated previously with podocyte injury or glomerulonephritis. The data indicate α2β1 integrin/DDR1 co‐receptor signaling as the dominant regulatory mechanism. This may explain earlier studies where deletion of either DDR1 or α2β1 integrin in Alport mice ameliorates renal pathology. © 2022 Boys Town National Research Hospital. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Synthesis, characterization, pH‐sensitive swelling and antimicrobial activities of chitosan–graft‐poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel composites for biomedical applications
Authors: Torğut Gülben , Yazdıç Ferit Can , Gürler Nedim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was graft copolymerized onto chitosan (CHI) at different ratios using a radical initiator. The grafted hydrogel composites were then characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform ınfrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). Swelling behavior of the hydrogels was investigated at different pH and different times. The antimicrobial activity of the chitosan‐graft‐HEMA (CHI‐HEMA) against gram‐negative bacteria and gram‐positive bacteria was studied by the standard agar well diffusion assay method. The CHI‐HEMA 1:1 and CHI‐HEMA 1:2 showed an obvious antimicrobial effect against six test strains. The CHI‐HEMA 1:1 and CHI‐HEMA 1:2 exhibited a highly significant increase (p < 0.01) in diameter of the inhibition zones compared with the standard antibiotics. Furthermore, CHI‐HEMA 1:1 presented the highest antimicrobial activity against all test strains with a significant difference (p < 0.01) compared with CHI‐HEMA 1:2. Meanwhile, the decreasing order of the average sensitivity to CHI‐HEMA 1:1 and CHI‐HEMA 1:2 was observed to be S. marcescens > E. coli > S. aureus subsp. aureus > S. enteritidis > E. faecalis > E. aerogenes. These results indicate potential application of CHI‐HEMA 1:1 and CHI‐HEMA 1:2 graft hydrogels as a novel and efficient antimicrobial agent in biomedical fields.
Effects of medicinal plants and natural compounds in models of prostate cancer related to sex steroids: A systematic review
Authors: Miranda Rafael Abe da Rocha , Oliveira Marcela Martins de Paula , Sampaio Maria Isadora Gabriel , Gomes João Victor Dutra , Silveira Damaris , Guerra Eliete Neves Silva , Lofrano‐Porto Adriana , Meireles Cinthia Gabriel , Simeoni Luiz Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProstate cancer remains a health problem for men. Targeting androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors improves the outcomes of the disease, and many medicinal plants exert their effects by modulating these pathways. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to identify medicinal plants and their natural compounds that may modulate the AR and/or ER pathways in cell and animal models. A search was conducted across EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with grey literature from Google SCHOLAR and ProQuest. Two authors independently selected eligible studies based on their titles and abstracts, and a third author resolved conflicts. Then, data from the full text of eligible studies were extracted and synthesized. In total, 75 studies were included. Results showed the effects of several different medicinal plants and natural compounds in reduction of AR and/or ER transcription and translation and AR secondary effects: cell growth reduction, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. In animal models, tumor size reduction, increase in apoptosis, and downregulation of AR expression in tumors were also observed. No single phytochemical group concentrating molecules with anti‐AR and/or ER activity was identified. Nevertheless, several phytochemical compounds showed potential for future clinical studies in the management of the disease.
Micropore‐Forming Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Bioink Toolbox 2.0: Designable Tunability and Adaptability for 3D Bioprinting Applications
Authors: Yi Sili , Liu Qiong , Luo Zeyu , He Jacqueline Jialu , Ma Hui‐Lin , Li Wanlu , Wang Di , Zhou Cuiping , Garciamendez Carlos Ezio , Hou Linxi , Zhang Jin , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that tissue engineering scaffolds that feature highly interconnected and size‐adjustable micropores are oftentimes desired to promote cellular viability, motility, and functions. Unfortunately, the ability of precise control over the microporous structures within bioinks in a cytocompatible manner for applications in 3D bioprinting is generally lacking, until a method of micropore‐forming bioink based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was reported recently. This bioink took advantage of the unique aqueous two‐phase emulsion (ATPE) system, where poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) droplets are utilized as the porogen. Considering the limitations associated with this very initial demonstration, this article has furthered the understanding of the micropore‐forming GelMA bioinks by conducting a systematic investigation into the additional GelMA types (porcine and fish, different methacryloyl‐modification degrees) and porogen types (PEO, poly(vinyl alcohol), and dextran), as well as the effects of the porogen concentrations and molecular weights on the properties of the GelMA‐based ATPE bioink system. This article exemplifies not only the significantly wider range of micropore sizes achievable and better emulsion stability, but also the improved suitability for both extrusion and digital light processing bioprinting with favorable cellular responses.
Unraveling the Structural Instability of Li(Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05)O2 as a Cathode Material Due to Operating a Li‐ion Battery
Authors: Lee Eun Cheol , Park Junghwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe change of the crystal structure for Li(Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05)O2 as a cathode material in a Li‐ion battery is traced. During charging and discharging, the crystallographic change of Lix(Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05)O2 (x ≈ 1.0–0.25) is confirmed with in situ X‐ray diffraction, an electrochemical measurement, and the density functional theory calculation. Li atoms after cycling do not completely return to the initial state and defects in the Li‐layer generate about 5%. The effect of defects in the Li‐layer reveals the transformation of crystal structure and the change of lattice constants. Upon increasing the temperature, the instability of Li0.95(Ni0.80Co0.15Al0.05)O2 is clearly shown as the movement of transition metals using X‐ray and neutron diffraction. The crystallographic values dramatically change upon increasing from 373 to 423 K, but linearly vary upon decreasing temperature. Furthermore, the result of the calculation demonstrates that the possible atom for mixing is Ni. The evolution of magnetic properties explicitly certifies the atomic movement that gives rise to a spin‐glass state through the induction of ferromagnetism. In conclusion, defects are created in crystal structure during operation of the Li‐ion battery and generate structural instability. The results provide the cause and mechanism of the degradation of cathode material in a Li‐ion battery.