bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYPT1/PP1‐Mediated EZH2 Dephosphorylation at S21 Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Fibrosis through Control of Multiple Families of Genes
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Ling , Hu Xue‐Bin , Hou Min , Xiao Yuan , Xiang Jia‐Wen , Xie Jie , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Yang Tian‐Heng , Nie Qian , Fu Jia‐Ling , Wang Yan , Zheng Shu‐Yu , Liu Yun‐Fei , Gan Yu‐Wen , Gao Qian , Bai Yue‐Yue , Wang Jing‐Miao , Qi Rui‐Li , Zou Ming , Ke Qin , Zhu Xing‐Fei , Gong Lili , Liu Yizhi , Li David Wan‐Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe methyltransferase EZH2 plays an important role in regulating chromatin conformation and gene transcription. Phosphorylation of EZH2 at S21 by AKT kinase suppresses its function. However, protein phosphatases responsible for the dephosphorylation of EZH2‐S21 remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that EZH2 is highly expressed in the ocular lens, and AKT‐EZH2 axis is important in TGFβ‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). More importantly, it is identified that MYPT1/PP1 dephosphorylates EZH2‐S21 and thus modulates its functions. MYPT1 knockout accelerates EMT, but expression of the EZH2‐S21A mutant suppresses EMT through control of multiple families of genes. Furthermore, the phosphorylation status and gene expression modulation of EZH2 are implicated in control of anterior subcapsular cataracts (ASC) in human and mouse eyes. Together, the results identify the specific phosphatase for EZH2‐S21 and reveal EZH2 dephosphorylation control of several families of genes implicated in lens EMT and ASC pathogenesis. These results provide important novel information in EZH2 function and regulation.
Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics
Authors: Wei Xiaojun , Li Shilong , Wang Wenke , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Weiya , Xie Sishen , Liu Huaping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStructural control of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high‐purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single‐chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT‐based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single‐chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
Manipulating Electrocatalytic Polysulfide Redox Kinetics by 1D Core–Shell Like Composite for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Chuanchuan , Ge Weini , Qi Siyun , Zhu Lin , Huang Renzhi , Zhao Mingwen , Qian Yitai , Xu Liqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough lithium–sulfur batteries have high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1, the sluggish redox kinetics of soluble liquid polysulfide intermediates during discharge and charge is one of the main reasons for their limited battery performance. Designing highly efficient electrocatalysts with a core–shell like structure for accelerating polysulfide conversion is vital for the development of Li–S batteries. Herein, core–shell MoSe2@C nanorods are proposed to manipulate electrocatalytic polysulfide redox kinetics, thereby improving the Li–S battery performance. The 1D MoSe2@C is synthesized via a facile hydrothermal and subsequent selenization reaction. The electrocatalysis of MoSe2 is confirmed by the analysis of symmetric batteries, Tafel curves, changes of activation energy, and lithium‐ion diffusion. Density functional theory calculations also prove the low Gibbs free energy of the reaction pathway and the lithium‐ion diffusion barrier. Therefore, the Li–S batteries using MoSe2 electrocatalyst exhibit an excellent rate performance of 560 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a high sulfur loading of 3.4 mg cm−2 and an areal capacity of 4.7 mAh cm−2 at a high sulfur loading of 4.7 mg cm−2 under lean electrolyte conditions. This work provides a deeper insight into regulation of polysulfide redox kinetics in electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries.
Ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from excreta of cattle receiving rumen undegradable protein
Authors: Carvalho Geovany Macêdo , Brito Liziane de Figueiredo , Coelho Larissa de Melo , Cardoso Abmael da Silva , Messana Juliana Duarte , Colovate Paulo Henrique Detogni , Ganga Maria Júlia Generoso , Cruz Mara Cristina Pessôa da , Malheiros Euclides Braga , Berchielli Telma Teresinha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe hypothesized that supplementation with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) during the rearing phase mitigates nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from excreta of Nellore animals in Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraés’ pasture. The treatments applied to soil were urine and dung of animals supplemented without RUP or with RUP in the middle and end of the rearing phase. We assessed N2O and CH4 emissions using a static closed chamber and NH3 emissions using the semi‐open static chamber method. No effects were observed for supplement, excreta type, period, or interaction on N2O emissions. The mean emission factor was 0.03% of N in the excreta lost as N2O. Higher NH3 losses were observed for the urine treatments in the end period, regardless of the supplement type. The mean NH3 emission factor for urine was 2.96 and 13.8% for the middle and end periods, respectively, while the mean value for dung was 3.9%. The type of supplement did not affect CH4 emissions, and the mean dung emission factor was 0.12 kg CH4 head–1 year–1. In summary, the supplementation of beef cattle in pastures with RUP did not mitigate NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions from excreta. The excreta emission factors for the GHGs measured, regardless of differences in the type of excreta, type of supplement, and period, were lower than the default value of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change revised guidelines. Further studies will be needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of RUP on greenhouse gas emissions.
Medication use problems among older adults at a primary care: A narrative of literature review
Authors: Christopher Christina , KC Bhuvan , Shrestha Sunil , Blebil Ali Qais , Alex Deepa , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Ismail Norhasimah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAppropriate medication use is one of the most significant challenges among the older population. Although medication use problems are well documented at the secondary and tertiary health care level, the evidence at the primary care level of OECD region is limited. A narrative review of existing literature was conducted through a nonsystematic search for original articles through electronic search databases, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar from 2001 to 2021, and a combination of citation references. Medication use problems are prevalent in older adults at the primary care level. The main issues of medication use identified were as follows; nonadherence, adverse drug events, accessibility, polypharmacy, inappropriate medications, belief about medications, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of deprescribing. In addition, the current review has identified the possibilities of the problems: many medications, forgetfulness, lack of deprescribing, lack of communication, poor understanding, and limited awareness of inappropriate medications. This review found that various medication use problems subclusters were identified to impact the health care need among older adults. Therefore, effective interventions targeting these issues need to be developed to reduce medication use problems among older adults at a primary care level.
Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Conjugate Addition of Substituted Furanone Derivatives to (E)‐ and (Z)‐Benzoyl Acrylonitriles Using Organocatalysts
Authors: Ishii Daiki , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Akutsu Hiroshi , Nakashima Kosuke , Matsushima Yasuyuki , Sakai Takaaki , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiaminomethylenemalononitrile organocatalysts efficiently promoted the asymmetric direct vinylogous conjugate addition of α‐angelica lactone to (E)‐ and (Z)‐benzoyl acrylonitrile derivatives. The synthesized products bear vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereogenic centers with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). This report is the first successful example of the stereoselective conjugate addition using (Z)‐benzoyl acrylonitriles as Michael acceptor.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C−H Heteroarylation to Access Fused Tricyclic Oxazolo[4,5‐c]Quinolines
Authors: Kajol Km , Kumar Sujeet , Kumar Amit , Kant Ruchir , Ramesh Chintakunta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynthesis of fused tricyclic oxazolo[4,5‐c]quinolines from 2‐iodo‐N‐((2‐phenyloxazol‐4‐yl)methyl)anilines via intramolecular C−H heteroarylation in the presence of palladium catalyst under ligand free conditions has been disclosed. Various substituted 2‐iodo‐N‐((2‐phenyloxazol‐4‐yl)methyl)anilines are well tolerated and furnished the products in good yields. The synthetic utility of the resulting molecules has been demonstrated. This method features broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and scalability.
Evaluation of major national dementia policies and health‐care system preparedness for early medical action and implementation
Authors: Hampel Harald , Vergallo Andrea , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Cho Min , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Wang Huali , Kurzman H. Ricky , Chen Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith population growth and aging, the number of people with dementia and related disorders will grow substantially in the years ahead, bringing with it significant societal, health‐care, and economic challenges. Here, we analyze dementia policies of seven major countries in Asia/Pacific, Europe, and North America to identify opportunities for early actions to mitigate disease burden. We find that most countries are addressing this need by including a specific focus on early action in their national dementia strategies (five of seven countries), implementing public health initiatives for risk reduction, prevention, and early detection and diagnosis (six of seven countries); supporting enabling research for early detection and risk reduction (six of seven countries); and enacting a system for early, regular brain health screening (one of seven). We discuss risks and opportunities for integrating early action policies and conducting additional systematic research to understand the potential benefits and impacts of these policies.
Public spending on acute and long‐term care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Coe Norma B. , White Lindsay , Oney Melissa , Basu Anirban , Larson Eric B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe estimate the spending attributable to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) to the United States government for the first 5 years post‐diagnosis.MethodsUsing data from the Health and Retirement Study matched to Medicare and Medicaid claims, we identify a retrospective cohort of adults with a claims‐based ADRD diagnosis along with matched controls.ResultsThe costs attributable to ADRD are $15,632 for traditional Medicare and $8833 for Medicaid per dementia case over the first 5 years after diagnosis. Seventy percent of Medicare costs occur in the first 2 years; Medicaid costs are concentrated among the longer‐lived beneficiaries who are more likely to need long‐term care and become Medicaid eligible.DiscussionBecause the distribution of the incremental costs varies over time and between insurance programs, when interventions occur and the effect on the disease course will have implications for how much and which program reaps the benefits.
The Simultaneous Ground‐State Cooling and Synchronization of Two Mechanical Oscillators by Driving Nonlinear Medium
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhao Chengsong , Peng Rui , Chao Shi‐Lei , Yang Junya , Zhou Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous ground‐state cooling (SGC) and quantum synchronization of multi‐mode mechanical resonators in the cavity optomechanical system are both attractive research domains and have been developed separately. In this paper, the influence of optical parametric amplifier on improving SGC and quantum synchronization is investigated. It is found that the nonlinear medium can suppress the Stokes heating term because of the destructive interference between the counter‐rotating term and the optical parametric amplification term, thereby improving cooling rate. More importantly, the relation between SGC and quantum synchronization is analyzed, and it is shown that SGC must be accompanied by quantum synchronization, but quantum synchronization does not require SGC. The conclusion connects the two fields and provides a well understanding of the two phenomena.
Non‐aggregated and water soluble axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines: Synthesis and inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase enzyme
Authors: Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Baş Huseyin , Sahin Huseyin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, axially pyridine groups substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines (3PY‐7‐Si and 3PY‐8‐Si) and their water soluble derivatives 3PY‐7a‐SiQ and 3PY‐8a‐SiQ were synthesized and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties were examined. Axially pyridine groups substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines (3PY‐7‐Si and 3PY‐8‐Si) and their water soluble derivatives 3PY‐7a‐SiQ and 3PY‐8a‐SiQ showed the various degrees of acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Their IC50 values causing 50% inhibition of the enzyme were ranged between 0.598 ± 0.068 and 0.886 ± 0.016 mM which 3PY‐7a‐SiQ was the best. These results demonstrated that the compounds might be effective agents against Alzheimer's disease.
A green and facile method to fabricate multifunctional and highly thermally conductive boron nitride‐based polymer composites
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Han , Xu Tao , Wu Liyun , Niu Haoting , He Xuhua , Wang Nanyang , Yao Yagang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoron nitride‐based polymer composites possess high thermal conductivity and are commonly used for thermal management. However, the poor interfacial interaction between the fillers and matrix and the random distribution of fillers restrict further improvement of the thermal conductivity and other properties of these composites. Therefore, we propose a strategy to fabricate highly thermally conductive composites with multifunctionalities by interacting boron nitride as the filler with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix after a ball milling modification, forming a layered nacre‐like structure through vacuum filtration, and hot pressing. The hot‐pressed functionalized boron nitride nanosheets/PVA (HPF‐BNNSs/PVA) composites exhibit a high in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 29.4 W/mK and 2.5 W/mK, respectively, at 70 wt% functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (f‐BNNSs) loading. This extraordinary enhancement in thermal conductivity can be ascribed to the formation of an effective thermally conductive network of fillers inside the polymer matrix. Additionally, the HPF‐BNNSs/PVA composites exhibit a low dielectric constant of 3.5, a low dielectric loss of 0.04, high electrical resistivity of 4 × 109 Ω·m, and outstanding mechanical properties (e.g. a tensile strength of 62 MPa and a Young's modulus of 225 MPa) at 70 wt% f‐BNNSs loading. Overall, this study provides a green and facile method to fabricate multifunctional and highly thermally conductive composites for thermal management applications.
Cotton noil based cellulose microfibers reinforced polylactic acid composite films for improved water vapor and ultraviolet light barrier properties
Authors: Ponnusamy Prabaharan Graceraj , Sharma Suraj , Mani Sudhagar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cellulose reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites are one of the most widely explored biopolymer composites in packaging applications. In this study, the cellulose microfibers (CMF) isolated from cotton noil were reinforced with 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20% in PLA matrix by solvent casting method. The strong interfacial adhesion and enhanced dispersion of CMF in PLA polymer matrix increased the tensile, water vapor, ultraviolet (UV) light barrier properties of the composites. The ultimate tensile stress and Young's modulus of 1% CMF reinforced composites were increased by 46% and 30% respectively than that of control films. A further increase in percent CMF reinforcement of up to 20% slightly reduced the tensile strength of composites but was comparable to that of low‐density polyethylene polymer. The water vapor permeability was decreased while increasing the CMF reinforcement due to the increased diffusion path by the dispersed CMF. The UV light absorbance of the composite was improved by up to 90% with the increase in CMF reinforcement by up to 20% due to the increased chromophore groups of cellulose. Hence, the PLA‐CMF composites could be used for packaging and storing light and moisture‐sensitive products.
Influence of ultraviolet radiation on structural and uniaxial tensile characteristics of tannic acid/poly (vinyl alcohol) composite films
Authors: Aksakal Baki , Denktaş Cenk , Bozdoğan Altan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of UV‐radiation on structural and uniaxial tensile properties of tannic acid (TA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films. All the samples were exposed to UV light. It was observed that TA reinforced the structure of PVA and its uniaxial tensile properties, as TA concentration increased thanks to the formation of crosslinking between TA and PVA molecules. From X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, it was seen that TA had a better protective effect on ordered structures such as crystallites against UV irradiation than that of PVA films, because the crystallinity of TA/PVA films did not change much. Major degradation effect of UV‐radiation was seen on the amorphous flexible PVA chains and structure. As a result of photodegradation process leading to possibly breakage in the polymer chains in especially amorphous structure, the extensibility or strain at break values of both pure PVA and TA/PVA composite films was decreased dramatically. However, because decrease in the strain at break values for 5% and 10% TA content is less than that for 15% and 20% TA content, the 5% and 10% TA content can be regarded as optimum values, when the protective role of TA against UV irradiation was considered in the studied films.
Mutants of Helicobacter pylori IMPDH: Kinetics and in silico Studies to Determine the Structural and Functional Role of Key Amino Acids
Authors: Dilip Haritha , Purushothaman Gayathri , Sharma Gaurav , Menon Aishwarya , Thiruvenkatam Vijay , Kirubakaran Sivapriya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies to fight against its infection. Recently, the enzyme inosine‐5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) has emerged as a promising target to treat bacterial infections due to its crucial role in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. The differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic IMPDHs, in the NAD+ binding domain and flap region, allow the identification of pathogen‐specific inhibitors. In the present study, seven point mutants of wild type Helicobacter pylori IMPDH are constructed by site‐directed mutagenesis, and characterized using in silico and kinetic studies. Point mutations in the NAD+ binding domain and the flap region are shown to impart significant changes in the enzyme's structure and function. In addition, the product inhibition characteristics of the Arg396‐Tyr397 dyad (RY dyad) show that both the residues are important for water activation in the reaction. The results obtained are beneficial for the design and development of small‐molecule inhibitors, capable of species‐specific inhibition.
Relationship between uterine veins, ureter, and hypogastric nerve for uterine transplantation: An anatomic study
Authors: Robin Fabien , Dion Ludivine , Lavoue Vincent , Goujon Anna , Boudjema Karim , Sulpice Laurent , Morandi Xavier , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUterine transplantation is on the rise worldwide. In contrast to its arterial anatomy, venous drainage of the uterus is poorly defined in the literature. Our aim was to provide a standardized description of uterine veins through a multimodal approach to establish anatomical landmarks for the uterine transplantation surgeon. Data were obtained from: (1) an anatomical study of eight fresh female cadavers (16 hemipelves) studied separately by an extra fascial dissection from the iliac bifurcation to the uterine pedicle, with analysis of the urinary tract and nerve structures and (2) a virtual anatomical study from the Anatomage® Table comprising a high‐fidelity virtual reconstruction of two deceased female subjects by imaging and anatomical methods. An inconstant duality of uterine veins was identified: a deep uterine vein of larger caliber and a superficial uterine vein observed in 25% of cases. A close relationship of the ureter passing posterior to the superficial uterine vein and anterior to the deep uterine vein was evident in the parametrium. The inferior hypogastric plexus was identified in all cases immediately behind the deep uterine vein. The data obtained from the fresh female cadavers were validated by the Anatomage® Table. We describe the close relationship of the uterine veins with the ureter and the inferior hypogastric plexus. This knowledge represents a surgical landmark to support the success of uterine transplantation by respecting both the graft and the safety of the living donor by limiting the risk of injuries during uterus procurement.
Increased incidence of musculoskeletal pain in medical students during distance learning necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Salameh Muna A. , Boyajian Silvia D. , Odeh Hadeel N. , Amaireh Enas A. , Funjan Khaled I. , Al‐Shatanawi Tariq N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a consequence of lockdown during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the education system has changed globally. Face to face education has been replaced by distance learning. The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and syndromes among medical students during distance learning and to investigate the correlations of musculoskeletal pain with different causal factors. A total of 282 students completed an online questionnaire that measured time spent on digital devices, type of physical activity, time spent sitting, number of walking days/week, ergonomics, and postural habits. Some of these measurements were compared between periods before and during the pandemic. Because of distance learning, time spent on digital devices and total time spent sitting increased significantly from before to during the pandemic (p < 0.001); students' daily physical activities and the number of days per week with at least 10 min of walking decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Most of the students (75.9%) experienced at least one type of musculoskeletal pain, predominately shoulder and neck pain (65%). There was a very significant positive correlation between musculoskeletal pain and postural habits (p < 0.0001). This study suggested that postural habits while sitting have a profoundly negative effect on the musculoskeletal system and are factors in the causation of musculoskeletal pain.