bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Update on the Healthy Soldier Effect in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Sullivan-Baca Erin , Rehman Rizwana , Haneef Zulfi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The healthy soldier effect (HSE) describes a phenomenon of enduring health and lower mortality among veterans due in part to initial screening procedures and health care access. Although early data were supportive of a broad HSE among former military members, more recent investigations have suggested a possible attenuation of the effect with older age. The present study aimed to provide an update of the HSE using an expansive Veterans Health Administration (VHA)–wide sample with a particular focus on age and sex effects.

Materials and Methods
Mortality data for veterans within the VHA were obtained from the VHA Support Service Center program office and compared to mortality data from the general U.S. population spanning FY2014 to the second quarter of FY2020. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated for the overall sample and for age- and sex-specific cohorts. Mortality rate ratios were also calculated and compared across sexes.

Results
Lower SMRs were observed in veterans compared to the general U.S. population (SMR 0.866). This effect was most prominent in younger and very old veterans, although a higher mortality was seen in the 55- to 64-year age cohort (SMR 1.371 for males and 1.074 for females). The HSE in females was lower than that in males in the &lt;55-year age group but became higher in older cohorts.

Conclusions
This is the largest investigation to date examining the HSE in U.S. veterans and includes younger veterans from more recent military eras. Higher mortality among the 55- to 74-year age groups merits further investigation, as does the relatively higher mortality among older female veterans. Our findings have implications for the provision of health care and preventative care to these veterans most at risk for higher mortality.
Asteroseismology of the dip structure in period-spacings of rapidly rotating γ Doradus stars caused by the coupling between core and envelope oscillations
Authors: Tokuno Takato , Takata Masao 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent asteroseismic observations by the Kepler space mission have revealed the dip fine structure in the period-spacing versus period diagram of rapidly rotating γ Doradus stars. Following the successful reproduction of the dip structure by numerical calculations in previous studies, we present in this paper the physical mechanism of how the dip is formed as a result of the interaction between the gravito-inertial waves in the radiative envelope and the pure inertial waves in the convective core. We analytically describe the wave solutions in both of the radiative envelope and the convective core, and match them at the interface to construct an eigenmode. We have found from the analysis the following points: the dip structure is mainly controlled by a parameter that has an inverse correlation with Brunt–Väisälä frequency at the interface; the depth and the width of the dip is shallower and larger, respectively, as the parameter gets large; the shape of the dip can be approximated by the Lorentzian function; the period at the central position of the dip is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the involved pure inertial mode in the convective core. We have also understood based on the evolutionary models of main-sequence stars that the parameter is inversely correlated with the chemical composition gradient at the convective-core boundary. The dip structure thus would provide information about the poorly-understood physical processes, such as diffusion, convective overshooting and rotational mixing, around the boundary between the convective core and the radiative envelope.
Kink oscillations in a coronal loop arcade with finite plasma-β: effect of oblique propagation
Authors: Lopin I 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Kink oscillations of a curved coronal slab with finite plasma-β, simulating a loop arcade, are examined. Perpendicular propagation, i.e. propagation along the arcade axis (ky &gt; 0) is taken into account. Two surface modes, labelled as faster and slower mode, are found to exist in the model. In the zero-β limit, the faster mode is a vertically polarized kink mode and the slower mode produces bending motions polarized along the arcade axis, provided $k_y^{-1}$ is of the order of or larger than the slab thickness a. Otherwise, if $k_y^{-1}$ is much less than a, the faster mode results in periodic displacement of a loop arcade along its axis and the slower mode has mixed properties. The phase speeds of both modes are very similar when $k_y^{-1}\sim a$, and they tend to the external and internal Alfvén speeds when ky → 0. As the internal plasma-β becomes finite and grows, the phase speed of the faster mode increases and that of the slower mode decreases. When βi &gt; 0, these modes are a superposition of vertical kink motions and those that are oriented along the arcade axis, both supplemented with the significant cross-averaged density perturbations. It seems promising to use the obtained results for interpreting quasi-periodic pulsations, in terms of kink oscillations of flaring high-β loops, provided the developed theory is applicable to the torroidal single loop model when choosing an appropriate ky.
Atmosphere loss by aerial bursts
Authors: Trierweiler Isabella L , Schlichting Hilke E 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a simple analytic description of atmospheric mass loss by aerial bursts and demonstrate that mass loss from aerial bursts becomes significant when the maximum impactor size that leads to an aerial burst rather than a ground explosion, ro, is larger than the minimum impactor size needed to achieve atmospheric loss, rmin. For vertical trajectories, which give the most stringent limit, this condition is approximately satisfied when ρo/ρi ≳ 0.4v, which implies atmospheric densities need to be comparable to impactor densities for impactor velocities that are a few times the escape velocity of the planet. The range of impactor radii resulting in aerial burst-induced mass loss, ro–rmin, increases with the ratio of the atmosphere to the impactor density and with the trajectory angle of the impactor. The range of impactor radii that result in aerial burst-induced mass loss and the atmospheric mass lost is larger in adiabatic atmospheres than in isothermal atmospheres of equivalent total mass, scale height, and atmospheric surface density. Our results imply that aerial bursts are not expected to significantly contribute to the atmospheric mass loss history of Earth, but are expected to play an important role for planets and exoplanets similar to Neptune with significant atmospheres. For Neptune-like atmospheres, the atmospheric mass ejected per impactor mass by aerial bursts is comparable to that lost by ground explosions, which implies that, for impactors following a Dohnanyi size distribution, overall loss by aerial bursts is expected to exceed that by ground explosions by a factor of (rground/raerial)0.5.
An efficient method for simulating light curves of cosmological microlensing and caustic crossing events
Authors: Meena Ashish Kumar , Arad Ofir , Zitrin Adi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A new window to observing individual stars and other small sources at cosmological distances was opened recently, with the detection of several caustic-crossing events in galaxy cluster fields. Many more such events are expected soon from dedicated campaigns with the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. These events can not only teach us about the lensed sources themselves, such as individual high-redshift stars, star clusters, or accretion discs, but through their light curves they also hold information about the point-mass function of the lens, and thus, potentially, the composition of dark matter. We present here a simple method for simulating light curves of such events, i.e. the change in apparent magnitude of the source as it sweeps over the net of caustics generated by microlenses embedded around the critical region of the lens. The method is recursive and so any reasonably sized small source can be accommodated, down to sub-solar scales, in principle. We compare the method, which we dub Adaptive Boundary Method, with other common methods such as simple inverse ray shooting, and demonstrate that it is significantly more efficient and accurate in the small-source and high-magnification regime of interest. A python version of the code is made publicly available in an open-source fashion for simulating future events.
Classifying Kepler light curves for 12 000 A and F stars using supervised feature-based machine learning
Authors: Barbara Nicholas H , Bedding Timothy R , Fulcher Ben D , Murphy Simon J , Van Reeth Timothy 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
With the availability of large-scale surveys like Kepler and TESS, there is a pressing need for automated methods to classify light curves according to known classes of variable stars. We introduce a new algorithm for classifying light curves that compares 7000 time-series features to find those that most effectively classify a given set of light curves. We apply our method to Kepler light curves for stars with effective temperatures in the range 6500–10 000 K. We show that the sample can be meaningfully represented in an interpretable 5D feature space that separates seven major classes of light curves (δ Scuti stars, γ Doradus stars, RR Lyrae stars, rotational variables, contact eclipsing binaries, detached eclipsing binaries, and non-variables). We achieve a balanced classification accuracy of 82 per cent on an independent test set of Kepler stars using a Gaussian mixture model classifier. We use our method to classify 12 000 Kepler light curves from Quarter 9 and provide a catalogue of the results. We further outline a confidence heuristic based on probability density to search our catalogue and extract candidate lists of correctly classified variable stars.
Low-luminosity type IIP supermnovae: SN 2005cs and SN 2020cxd as very low-energy iron core-collapse explosions
Authors: Kozyreva Alexandra , Janka Hans-Thomas , Kresse Daniel , Taubenberger Stefan , Baklanov Petr 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
SN 2020cxd is a representative of the family of low-energy, underluminous Type IIP supernovae (SNe), whose observations and analysis were recently reported by Yang et al. (2021). Here, we re-evaluate the observational data for the diagnostic SN properties by employing the hydrodynamic explosion model of a 9 M⊙ red supergiant progenitor with an iron core and a pre-collapse mass of 8.75 M⊙. The explosion of the star was obtained by the neutrino-driven mechanism in a fully self-consistent simulation in three dimensions (3D). Multiband light curves and photospheric velocities for the plateau phase are computed with the one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code STELLA, applied to the spherically averaged 3D explosion model as well as sphericized radial profiles in different directions of the 3D model. We find that the overall evolution of the bolometric light curve, duration of the plateau phase, and basic properties of the multiband emission can be well reproduced by our SN model with its explosion energy of only 0.7 × 1050 erg and an ejecta mass of 7.4 M⊙. These values are considerably lower than the previously reported numbers, but they are compatible with those needed to explain the fundamental observational properties of the prototype low-luminosity SN 2005cs. Because of the good compatibility of our photospheric velocities with line velocities determined for SN 2005cs, we conclude that the line velocities of SN 2020cxd are probably overestimated by up to a factor of about 3. The evolution of the line velocities of SN 2005cs compared to photospheric velocities in different explosion directions might point to intrinsic asymmetries in the SN ejecta.
Incidence of new carotid plaques in rheumatoid arthritis patients: 6-Year prospective results of the TOMORROW study
Authors: Anno Shohei , Okano Tadashi , Mamoto Kenji , Sugioka Yuko , Tada Masahiro , Inui Kentaro , Koike Tatsuya , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new incidence of carotid plaques in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over a 6-year prospective follow-up and to assess the risk factors.

Methods
This is a 10-year prospective cohort study that included 208 RA patients and 205 age- and gender-matched controls. Ultrasound assessment of the bilateral carotid arteries was performed in 2011 and 2017.

Results
There were no differences in the incidence of new carotid atherosclerotic plaques over 6 years between the two groups (35.5% vs. 37.0%, respectively; p = .936). The mean Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein over 6 years in RA patients was 2.73 ± 0.95. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that RA was not a risk factor for new carotid atherosclerotic plaques (odds ratios, 0.708; 95% confidence interval, 0.348–1.440; p = .340). An average glucocorticoid dose of &gt;1.8 mg/day over 6 years was a risk factor for new carotid atherosclerotic plaques (odds ratios, 8.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.641–44.455; p = .011).

Conclusions
Incidence of new carotid atherosclerotic plaques was similar between well-controlled disease activity RA patients and control subjects. A mean glucocorticoid dose of &gt;1.8 mg/day over 6 years was a risk factor for new carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
The evolution of stomatal traits along the trajectory toward C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Yong-Yao , Lyu Mingju Amy , Miao FenFen , Chen Genyun , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C4 photosynthesis optimizes plant carbon and water relations, allowing high photosynthetic rates with low stomatal conductance. Stomata have long been considered a part of the C4 syndrome. However, it remains unclear how stomatal traits evolved along the path from C3 to C4. Here, we examined stomata in the Flaveria genus, a model used for C4 evolutionary study. Comparative, transgenic, and semi-in vitro experiments were performed to study the molecular basis that underlies the changes of stomatal traits in C4 evolution. The evolution from C3 to C4 species is accompanied by a gradual rather than an abrupt change in stomatal traits. The initial change appears near the Type I intermediate stage. Co-evolution of the photosynthetic pathway and stomatal traits is supported. On the road to C4, stomata tend to be fewer in number but larger in size and stomatal density dominates changes in anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax). Reduction of FSTOMAGEN expression underlies decreased gsmax in Flaveria and likely occurs in other C4 lineages. Decreased gsmax contributes to the increase in intrinsic water-use efficiency in C4 evolution. This work highlights the stomatal traits in the current C4 evolutionary model. Our study provides insights into the pattern, mechanism, and role of stomatal evolution along the road toward C4.
A First Estimate of the Annual Prevalence of Basivertebral Nerve Ablation Candidates in a Spine Clinic
Authors: Sherwood David , Miller Scott , Epps Adam , Gill Benjamin , Zhivotenko Oksana , Khan Samir , Swenson Theodora , Gardner James , Roehmer Christian , Martin Dann , Kennedy David “D J” , Modic Michael , Schneider Byron J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Emerging literature supports the use of basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) for a specific cohort of patients with chronic low back pain and Type 1 or Type 2 Modic changes from vertebral levels L3–S1. The early literature warrants further evaluation. Studies establishing the efficacy of BVNA use highly selective patient criteria.

Objective
Provide a first estimate of the prevalence of BVNA candidates in a spine clinic over a year using the foundational studies patient selection criteria?

Methods
A retrospective review of four fellowhsip trained spine physiatrists patient encounters at a large academic medical center using relevant ICD-10 codes to isolate chronic low back pain without radiating symptoms from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2020. Charts were then reviewed by a team of physicians for exclusionary criteria from the foundational studies which have demonstrated benefit from BVNA. MRI’s from qualifying charts which did not meet exclusionary criteria were then independently reviewed by four physician for localization and characterization of Modic changes.

Results
The relevant diagnostic codes query yielded 338 unique patient records. Based on exclusionary criteria or lack of imaging availability, 318 charts were eliminated. The remaining 20 charts qualified for imaging review. There were 11 charts in which there was 100% agreement between all reviewers regarding the presence and either Type 1 or Type 2 Modic changes between vertebral levels L3 to S1. Accordingly, the prevalence of eligibility for BVNA was 3% (11/338, 95% CI 1–5%).

Conclusion
The population which may benefit from BVNA is small. Our study demonstrated that over a year, the prevalence for BVNA candidacy using the foundational studies criteria was 3% (95% CI 1% – 5%). While physicians may be tempted to use less stringent selection criteria in practice, upon doing so they cannot cite the foundational studies as evidence for the outcomes they expect to achieve. Those outcomes will require more studies which formally assess the benefits of BVNA when selection criteria are relaxed.
Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Model with Uninsurable Idiosyncratic Income Risk
Authors: Dyrda Sebastian , Pedroni Marcelo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study optimal fiscal policy in a standard incomplete-markets model with uninsurable idiosyncratic income risk, where a Ramsey planner chooses time-varying paths of proportional capital and labour income taxes, lump-sum transfers (or taxes), and government debt. We find that (1) short-run capital income taxes are effective in providing redistribution since the tax base is relatively unequal and inelastic; (2) an increasing pattern of labour income taxes over time mitigates intertemporal distortions from capital income taxes; (3) the optimal policy increases overall transfers, calibrated initially to the US welfare system, by roughly $50\%$; (4) two-thirds of the welfare gains come from redistribution and the remaining third come mostly from insurance; and (5) redistribution also leads to a more efficient allocation of labour via wealth effects on labour supply—lower productivity households can afford to work relatively less.
Metabolomics mapping changed after olanzapine therapy in drug-naive schizophrenia patients—the significant impact of gene polymorphisms
Authors: Karahalil Bensu , Elkama Aylin , Ak Mehmet , Nemutlu Emirhan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress may contribute to the development of schizophrenia and antipsychotics used in schizophrenia treatment may also cause oxidative stress. Gene polymorphisms on antioxidant and repair enzymes are responsible for individual variations and may change the efficacy of olanzapine treatment among schizophrenia patients. In our study, we assessed oxidative stress-related metabolite changes due to genetic polymorphisms on first diagnosed-schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine. Blood samples (n = 30 patients) were taken before treatment (T1), after 10 ± 1 days (T2), and after 3 ± 1 months (T3). T1 served as control for T2 and T3, since it is advantageous to perform on same patient to evaluate the impact of olanzapine only. GSTs (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and OGG1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Changes in metabolites were detected with metabolomics profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry according to each genotype before and after treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that metabolomics profiles differed after olanzapine treatment regardless gene polymorphisms. Tryptophan could be a biomarker in response to olanzapine treatment since its levels were increased after treatment. GSTM1 gene polymorphism caused significant changes in some metabolites after treatment. Urea, palmitic acid, and caprylic acid levels increased and alanine levels decreased in patients with GSTM1 null genotypes after olanzapine. In future, targeted metabolomics with these prominent metabolites and assessing gene expressions of GSTs will be beneficial to understand the mechanism of action.
10Performance, Theatre, and Drama
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The first section of this review, ‘Staging Reality’, reads two monographs that grapple with large-scale thinking about how theatre and performance engage with various ideas of ‘reality’: Lindsay Brandon Hunter’s exploration of performing ‘the real’ in theatre, television, and alternative-reality gaming in Playing Real: Mimesis, Media, and Mischief, and Bess Rowen’s theorizing of ‘affective stage directions’ in The Lines Between the Lines: How Stage Directions Affect Embodiment. The second section, ‘Politics and/of Performance’, reviews two books with an explicit interest in the political as well as aesthetic dimensions of performance: Tiziana Morosetti and Osita Okagbue’s edited volume The Palgrave Handbook of Theatre and Race, and Jon Venn’s Madness in Contemporary British Theatre: Resistances and Representations. The final section shifts to monographs that structure their enquiry around a specific figure: the playwright Jez Butterworth, in the case of Sean McEvoy’s Class, Culture and Tragedy in the Plays of Jez Butterworth, and the biblical figure of Salomé, in the case of Megan Girdwood’s Modernism and the Choreographic Imagination: Salome’s Dance after 1890.
A Novel Method of Steroid Delivery to Improve the Efficacy of Intralesional Injection in Keloid Treatment
Authors: Cho Mi Yeon , Song Ahreum , Chung Kee Yang , Roh Mi Ryung 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Keloids are a chronic disease and cause pain, pruritus, and limitation of motion. Intralesional corticosteroid injection is the first-line treatment, but its effects can be limited, even with repeated injections.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of a tunneling method of corticosteroid injection compared with conventional intralesional injection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted of keloid patients treated with intralesional corticosteroid injection by conventional and tunneling methods.

RESULTS
A total of 119 cases of keloid were included in the study. Among 78 patients treated with 20 mg/mL triamcinolone, the Investigators' Global Assessment effectiveness score and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS) score were significantly higher in the tunneling group than the conventional group at 1 month. At 6 months, the tunneling group showed significantly higher effectiveness in the OSAS score than the conventional group. In the tunneling group, the interval between treatments was significantly longer than in the conventional group. The occurrence of side effects was lower in the tunneling method group than in the conventional method group.

CONCLUSION
This study reveals the benefits of the tunneling method over the conventional method for therapeutic effect and side effects in keloid treatment.