bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of chemokines and growth factors with radiation-induced liver injury after interstitial high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy of liver metastases
Authors: Damm Robert , Pech Maciej , Cavalli Paola , Haag Florian , Gylstorff Severin , Omari Jazan , Thormann Maximilian , Seidensticker Ricarda , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max , Relja Borna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLocoregional therapies, as imaging-guided tumor-directed procedures, are emerging treatment strategies in the management of primary and secondary liver malignancies such as e.g. colorectal cancer liver metastases. As one of those, irradiation-based interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy (iBT) of liver metastases bears a risk of developing focal radiation-induced liver injury (fRILI). Since little is known about biological factors involved in hepatic dysfunction after irradiation, the aim of this study was to identify factors, that may play a role in the underlying mechanism of fRILI, and that potentially may serve as biomarkers for post-therapeutic fRILI to improve specific management and treatment of patients.MethodsTwenty-two patients with hepatic malignancies (tumor patients, TP) underwent iBT with total ablative doses of radiation to the target volume ranging from e.g. 15 to 25 Gy. Hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 6 weeks after iBT to quanitify fRILI. Blood samples were taken before (pre) and 6 weeks after (post) iBT from TP, and from ten healthy volunteers (HV controls) for the analyses of humoral mediators: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) using the Multi-Analyte Flow Assay via flow cytometry. Correlation analyses between the humoral mediators (pre and post iBT) with the tumor volume and fRILI were performed.ResultsWhile MCP-1 and CX3CL1 tended to decrease in TP vs. HV, VEGF was significantly decreased in TP vs. HV pre and post iBT (p < 0.05). Beta-NGF levels were significantly increased in TP vs. HV pre and post iBT (p < 0.05). Baseline circulating levels of MCP-1, VEGF and beta-NGF have shown significant positive correlations with the hepatic tumor volume (p < 0.05). Circulating levels of humoral mediators before treatment did not correlate with fRILI, while CX3CL1 and VEGF after iBT have shown significant positive correlations with fRILI (p < 0.05).ConclusionTumor volume and threshold dose of irradiation damage correlated positively with MCP-1 and VEGF as well as NGF and CX3CL, respectively. Thus, investigation of biological mediators in blood samples from tumor patients may provide an appropriate tool to predict fRILI after interstitial HDR brachytherapy of liver metastases.
Ultrastructural organization of Halammohydra vermiformis Swedmark & Teissier, 1957 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Authors: Tödter Lenke , Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWithin meiofauna, cnidarians are represented by only a few species most of which are in the genus Halammohydra Remane, 1927. It represents highly modified medusae. Information about this group is limited, which complicates its placement in the Cnidarian tree and the relationship to another meiofaunal cnidarian, Otohydra Swedmark & Teissier, 1958. This needs to be clarified with molecular, but also with morphological methods. In this study, the internal organization of H. vermiformis Swedmark & Teissier, 1957 from Sylt and Helgoland (Germany) was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructure of both sexes is documented in this study, i.e. the gastric tube including gonadal compartment, aboral cone, statocysts and tentacles. It is proposed that spermatozoa and oocytes are not released into the water through the gastrodermis, but by rupture of the epidermis, because of structural changes in the epidermis. In both, male and female, there is an indent in the gastric tube and a gap of the mesoglea at the same position. Additionally, we describe the complex structure of the aboral cone with the specialized adhesive organ as well as the accumulation of myofibrils and neurites in the orally directed part of the cone, which indicates high controllability and ability to move in this region.
Grassmannian stochastic analysis and the stochastic quantization of Euclidean fermions
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , Borasi Luigi , De Vecchi Francesco C. , Gubinelli Massimiliano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe introduce a stochastic analysis of Grassmann random variables suitable for the stochastic quantization of Euclidean fermionic quantum field theories. Analysis on Grassmann algebras is developed here from the point of view of quantum probability: a Grassmann random variable is an homomorphism of an abstract Grassmann algebra into a quantum probability space, i.e. a $$C^{*}$$

C

∗

-algebra endowed with a suitable state. We define the notion of Gaussian processes, Brownian motion and stochastic (partial) differential equations taking values in Grassmann algebras. We use them to study the long time behavior of finite and infinite dimensional Langevin Grassmann stochastic differential equations driven by Gaussian space-time white noise and to describe their invariant measures. As an application we give a proof of the stochastic quantization and of the removal of the space cut-off for the Euclidean Yukawa model.
Track and trace: how soil labelling techniques have revealed the secrets of resource transport in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Watts-Williams Stephanie J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonise plant roots, and by doing so forge the ‘mycorrhizal uptake pathway(s)’ (MUP) that provide passageways for the trade of resources across a specialised membrane at the plant–fungus interface. The transport of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen and zinc from the fungus, and carbon from the plant, via the MUP have mostly been quantified using stable or radioactive isotope labelling of soil in a specialised hyphae-only compartment. Recent advances in the study of AM fungi have used tracing studies to better understand how the AM association will function in a changing climate, the extent to which the MUP can contribute to P uptake by important crops, and how AM fungi trade resources in interaction with plants, other AM fungi, and friend and foe in the soil microbiome. The existing work together with well-designed future experiments will provide a valuable assessment of the potential for AM fungi to play a role in the sustainability of managed and natural systems in a changing climate.
4D Synchrotron X-ray Imaging of Grain Scale Deformation Mechanisms in a Seismogenic Gas Reservoir Sandstone During Axial Compaction
Authors: F. Van Stappen J. , McBeck J. A. , Cordonnier B. , Pijnenburg R. P. J. , Renard F. , Spiers C. J. , Hangx S. J. T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the grain-scale processes leading to reservoir compaction during hydrocarbons production is crucial for enabling physics-based predictions of induced surface subsidence and seismicity hazards. However, typical laboratory experiments only allow for pre- and post-experimental microstructural investigation of deformation mechanisms. Using high-resolution time-lapse X-ray micro-tomography imaging (4D µCT) during triaxial deformation, the controlling grain-scale processes can be visualized through time and space at realistic subsurface conditions. We deformed a sample of Slochteren sandstone, the reservoir rock from the seismogenic Groningen gas field in the Netherlands. The sample was deformed beyond its yield point (axial strain > 15%) in triaxial compression at reservoir P–T-stress conditions (100 °C, 10 MPa pore pressure, 40 MPa effective confining pressure). A total of 50 three-dimensional µCT scans were obtained during deformation, at a spatial resolution of 6.5 µm. Time lapse imaging plus digital volume correlation (DVC) enabled identification of the grain-scale deformation mechanisms operating throughout the experiment, for the first time, both at small, reservoir-relevant strains (< 1%), and in the approach to brittle failure at strains > 10%. During small-strain deformation, the sample showed compaction through grain rearrangement accommodated by inter-granular slip and normal displacements across grain boundaries, in particular, by closure of open grain boundaries or compaction of inter-granular clay films. At intermediate and large strains (> 4%), grain fracturing and pore collapse were observed, leading to sample-scale brittle failure. These observations provide key input for developing microphysical models describing compaction of the Groningen and other producing (gas) reservoirs.
Krickeberg mixing for $${{\mathbb {Z}}}$$-extensions of Gibbs Markov semiflows
Authors: Terhesiu Dalia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe obtain Krickeberg mixing for a class of $${{\mathbb {Z}}}$$
Z
-extensions of Gibbs Markov semiflows with roof function and displacement function not in $$L^2$$

L
2

, where previous methods fail. This is done via a ‘smooth tail’ estimate for the isomorphic suspension flow.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage—justifiable in light of long-term outcome?
Authors: Veldeman Michael , Weiss Miriam , Daleiden Lorina , Albanna Walid , Schulze-Steinen Henna , Nikoubashman Omid , Clusmann Hans , Hoellig Anke , Schubert Gerrit Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) is a potentially lifesaving procedure in refractory intracranial hypertension, which can prevent death from brainstem herniation but may cause survival in a disabled state. The spectrum of indications is expanding, and we present long-term results in a series of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of previously registered data including all patients treated for SAH between 2010 and 2018 in a single institution. Patients treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy due to refractory intracranial hypertension were identified. Clinical outcome was assessed by means of the Glasgow outcome scale after 12 months.

Results
Of all 341 SAH cases, a total of 82 (24.0%) developed intracranial hypertension. Of those, 63 (18.5%) patients progressed into refractory ICP elevation and were treated with DHC. Younger age (OR 0.959, 95% CI 0.933 to 0.984; p = 0.002), anterior aneurysm location (OR 0.253, 95% CI 0.080 to 0.799; 0.019; p = 0.019), larger aneurysm size (OR 1.106, 95% CI 1.025 to 1.194; p = 0.010), and higher Hunt and Hess grading (OR 1.944, 95% CI 1.431 to 2.641; p < 0.001) were independently associated with the need for DHC. After 1 year, 10 (15.9%) patients after DHC were categorized as favorable outcome. Only younger age was independently associated with favorable outcome (OR 0.968 95% CI 0.951 to 0.986; p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Decompressive hemicraniectomy, though lifesaving, has only a limited probability of survival in a clinically favorable condition. We identified young age to be the sole independent predictor of favorable outcome after DHC in SAH.
A new approach to projectivity in the categories of complexes
Authors: Bennis Driss , Rozas J. R. García , Ouberka Hanane , Oyonarte Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, several authors have adopted new alternative approaches in the study of some classical notions of modules. Among them, we find the notion of subprojectivity which was introduced to measure in a way the degree of projectivity of modules. The study of subprojectivity has recently been extended to the context of abelian categories, which has brought to light some interesting new aspects. For instance, in the category of complexes, it gives a new way to measure, among other things, the exactness of complexes. In this paper, we prove that the subprojectivity notion provides a new sight of null-homotopic morphisms in the category of complexes. This will be proven through two main results. Moreover, various results which emphasize the importance of subprojectivity in the category of complexes are also given. Namely, we give some applications by characterizing some classical rings and establish various examples that allow us to reflect the scope and limits of our results.
How to keep text private? A systematic review of deep learning methods for privacy-preserving natural language processing
Authors: Sousa Samuel , Kern Roman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) models for natural language processing (NLP) tasks often handle private data, demanding protection against breaches and disclosures. Data protection laws, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), thereby enforce the need for privacy. Although many privacy-preserving NLP methods have been proposed in recent years, no categories to organize them have been introduced yet, making it hard to follow the progress of the literature. To close this gap, this article systematically reviews over sixty DL methods for privacy-preserving NLP published between 2016 and 2020, covering theoretical foundations, privacy-enhancing technologies, and analysis of their suitability for real-world scenarios. First, we introduce a novel taxonomy for classifying the existing methods into three categories: data safeguarding methods, trusted methods, and verification methods. Second, we present an extensive summary of privacy threats, datasets for applications, and metrics for privacy evaluation. Third, throughout the review, we describe privacy issues in the NLP pipeline in a holistic view. Further, we discuss open challenges in privacy-preserving NLP regarding data traceability, computation overhead, dataset size, the prevalence of human biases in embeddings, and the privacy-utility tradeoff. Finally, this review presents future research directions to guide successive research and development of privacy-preserving NLP models.
DIKEDOC: a multicriteria methodology to organise and communicate knowledge
Authors: Norese Maria Franca , Rolando Diana , Curto Rocco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDIKEDOC is a knowledge-based multicriteria methodology that is here proposed to organise dispersed knowledge about a complex problem when a decision process has not yet been activated, or is latent, and to generate an interaction space that produces new knowledge. An integrated use of logical and analytical tools is proposed, first for use at a technical level to organise any dispersed knowledge in a way that generates insights that can be communicated, and then in a participative context, to create an opportunity to interact, share personal points of view and experiences and to explore spaces of action, where such tools facilitate understanding, criticism and proposals. A pilot study was developed, by an interdisciplinary research team, in relation to the enhancement process of the “Ivrea, industrial city of the twentieth century” UNESCO site, which still needs to be activated after a long and complex decision process that led to the inclusion of the site in the World Heritage List. Several research activities and enhancement projects have been developed in the last few years, but a series of critical conditions have limited their implementation. A new perspective is now necessary to identify and control the uncertainties that have emerged, guide the incremental development of knowledge and foster relationships, decisions and policies. The paper presents DIKEDOC, a new knowledge organisation and problem description methodology, and the conducted pilot study, which led to the proposal of a constructive vision of decision aiding that logically and analytically “described” the space of action and its uncertainties.
Well-free agglomeration and on-demand three-dimensional cell cluster formation using guided surface acoustic waves through a couplant layer
Authors: Mei Jiyang , Vasan Aditya , Magaram Uri , Takemura Kenjiro , Chalasani Sreekanth H. , Friend James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional cell agglomerates are broadly useful in tissue engineering and drug testing. We report a well-free method to form large (1.4-mm) multicellular clusters using 100-MHz surface acoustic waves (SAW) without direct contact with the media or cells. A fluid couplant is used to transform the SAW into acoustic streaming in the cell-laden media held in a petri dish. The couplant transmits longitudinal sound waves, forming a Lamb wave in the petri dish that, in turn, produces longitudinal sound in the media. Due to recirculation, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells in the dish are carried to the center of the coupling location, forming a cluster in less than 10 min. A few minutes later, these clusters may then be translated and merged to form large agglomerations, and even repeatedly folded to produce a roughly spherical shape of over 1.4 mm in diameter for incubation—without damaging the existing intercellular bonds. Calcium ion signaling through these clusters and confocal images of multiprotein junctional complexes suggest a continuous tissue construct: intercellular communication. They may be formed at will, and the method is feasibly useful for formation of numerous agglomerates in a single petri dish.
Catalytic Conversion of Hydrocarbons and Formation of Carbon Nanofilaments in Porous Pellets
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCatalytic conversion of hydrocarbons occurring at metal nanoparticles in porous pellets is often accompanied by the formation of coke in the form of growing heterogeneous film-like aggregates or carbon nanofilaments. The latter processes result in deactivation of metal nanoparticles. The corresponding kinetic models imply the formation and growth of film-like coke aggregates. Herein, I present an alternative generic kinetic model focused on the formation and growth of carbon nanofilaments. These processes are considered to deactivate metal nanoparticles and reduce the rate of reactant diffusion in pores. In this framework, the kinetically limited reaction regime is described by simple analytical expressions. The diffusion-limited regime can be described as well but only numerically. The model presented can be used for interpretation of experimental results.Graphical Abstract
Detecting explicit lyrics: a case study in Italian music
Authors: Rospocher Marco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPreventing the reproduction of songs whose textual content is offensive or inappropriate for kids is an important issue in the music industry. In this paper, we investigate the problem of assessing whether music lyrics contain content unsuitable for children (a.k.a., explicit content). Previous works that have computationally tackled this problem have dealt with English or Korean songs, comparing the performance of various machine learning approaches. We investigate the automatic detection of explicit lyrics for Italian songs, complementing previous analyses performed on different languages. We assess the performance of many classifiers, including those–not fully exploited so far for this task–leveraging neural language models, i.e., rich language representations built from textual corpora in an unsupervised way, that can be fine-tuned on various natural language processing tasks, including text classification. For the comparison of the different systems, we exploit a novel dataset we contribute, consisting of approximately 34K songs, annotated with labels indicating explicit content. The evaluation shows that, on this dataset, most of the classifiers built on top of neural language models perform substantially better than non-neural approaches. We also provide further analyses, including: a qualitative assessment of the predictions produced by the classifiers, an assessment of the performance of the best performing classifier in a few-shot learning scenario, and the impact of dataset balancing.
Generative magic and designing magic performances with constraint programming
Authors: de Azevedo Silveira Guilherme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProfessional magicians employ the use of interesting properties of a deck of cards to create magical effects. These properties were traditionally discovered through trial and error, the application of heuristics or analytical proofs. Those proofs come from diverse mathematical areas such as the set, number and graph theory. We discuss the limitations of relying on humans for such methods and present how professional magicians can use constraint programming as a computer-aided design tool (CAD) to search for desired properties in a deck of cards. Furthermore, we implement a solution in Python by making use of generative magic to design a new effect, demonstrating how this process broadens the level of freedom a magician can decree to their volunteers while retaining control of the outcomes of the magic. Finally, we demonstrate that the model can be easily adapted to multiple languages by presenting multiple variations of the effect supporting American English and Brazilian Portuguese.
Some hypersurfaces over finite fields, minimal codes and secret sharing schemes
Authors: Aguglia Angela , Ceria Michela , Giuzzi Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLinear error-correcting codes can be used for constructing secret sharing schemes; however, finding in general the access structures of these secret sharing schemes and, in particular, determining efficient access structures is difficult. Here we investigate the properties of certain algebraic hypersurfaces over finite fields, whose intersection numbers with any hyperplane only takes a few values; these varieties give rise to q-divisible linear codes with at most 5 weights. Furthermore, for q odd, these codes turn out to be minimal and we characterize the access structures of the secret sharing schemes based on their dual codes. Indeed, the secret sharing schemes thus obtained are democratic, that is each participant belongs to the same number of minimal access sets and can easily be described.
Understanding capacities to scale innovations for sustainable development: a learning journey of scaling partnerships in three parts of Africa
Authors: Wigboldus S. , McEwan M. A. , van Schagen B. , Okike I. , van Mourik T. A. , Rietveld A. , Amole T. , Asfaw F. , Hundayehu M. C. , Iradukunda F. , Kulakow P. , Namanda S. , Suleman I. , Wimba B. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFinding out how to scale innovations successfully is high on the agendas of researchers, practitioners and policy makers involved in agricultural development. New approaches and methodologies seek to better address related complexities, but none of them include a systematic perspective on the role of capacity in (partnerships for) scaling innovations. We posit that this has left an important topic insufficiently addressed in relation to partnerships for scaling innovations. The need to address this gap became apparent in the context of the CGIAR Roots, Tubers, and Bananas (RTB) Scaling Fund initiative. This paper presents how we explored ways forward in relation to this by combining three methodological approaches: The Five-Capabilities, Scaling Readiness, and the Multi-Level Perspective on socio-technical innovation. This combined approach—dubbed Capacity for Scaling Innovations (C4SI)—was applied in three projects related to scaling innovations for sweet potato, cassava and banana, involving five countries in Africa. It then discusses implications for a partners-in-scaling perspective, the contribution of scaling innovations to sustainable development, the importance of research organisations considering their own capabilities in partnerships for scaling, and the extent to which C4SI was helpful in the three cases—for example, in decision making. The paper concludes that a capacity perspective on the scaling of innovations should be an essential part of a ‘science of scaling’. Finally, it provides recommendations for using the approach or parts of it in research and intervention practice for scaling, pointing in particular to the need for context-specific adaptation.