bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of wear behavior and Abbott Firestone zones of 0.16C steel using response surface methodology
Authors: Elshaer Ramadan N. , El-Fawakhry Mohamed K. , Mattar Taha , Farahat Ahmed I. Z. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effects of applied pressure and running velocity on wear behavior as well as Abbott Firestone zones of low carbon steel (0.16C) were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). At room temperature, three different pressures (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 MPa) and three different velocities (1.5, 2.25, and 3 m/s) were used to conduct dry sliding wear trials utilizing the pin-on-disc method according to the experimental design technique (EDT). The experiments were created using central composite design (CCD) as a starting point. The relationship between input factors (pressure and velocity) and responses (wear rate and Abbott Firestone zones) of 0.16C steel was demonstrated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best models for wear rate as well as Abbott Firestone zones produced accurate data that could be estimated, saving time and cost. The results revealed that pressure had the greatest impact on the alloy’s dry sliding wear behavior of the two variables studied. In general, the predicted result shows close agreement with experimental results and hence created models could be utilized for the prediction of wear behavior and Abbott Firestone zones satisfactorily.
Syntaxin-1a and SNAP-25 expression level is increased in the blood samples of ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Cappelletti Pamela , Filareti Melania , Masuelli Laura , Bei Roberto , Hassanzadeh Kambiz , Corbo Massimo , Feligioni Marco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interest for the discovery of blood biomarkers for several neurological disorders, including Ischemic Stroke (IS), is growing and their identification in blood samples would be revolutionary allowing a fast and better pathology prediction or outcome and to collect information on patient recovery. The increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier, following a brain infarct, allows the detection of brain proteins in the blood flow. In this work, we analyzed the expression levels of two synaptic proteins Syntaxin (STX)-1a and Synaptosomal Associated Protein, 25 kDa (SNAP-25), in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC), serum and in Neuronal Derived Extracellular vesicles (NDEs) of IS patients, age and sex matched healthy control (HC) and younger HC (Y-HC). Interestingly, we identified STX-1a protein in the cytoplasm of PBMC and both STX-1a and SNAP-25 expression levels were significantly augmented in all IS patient’s blood fractions compared to control subjects. In addition, STX-1a blood levels correlated with the IS clinical scales National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIH-SS) and the modified Barthel Index (BI). These results prompted us to speculate that STX-1a and SNAP-25 hematic fluctuations depict the brain damage after an ischemic attack and that their hematic detection could represent a novel and accessible IS biomarkers.
Behavior of volcanic ash–soil mixtures under one-dimensional compression testing
Authors: Sayyah Mohammad Amin , Abrishami Saeed , Dastpak Pooya , Dias Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVolcanic ashes (VA) are one of the by-products of explosive volcanic eruptions. They can be used as a soil stabilizer due to their cementitious properties as an eco-friendly soil stabilization approach. In this study, the impact of VA as an additive material (up to 20%) was investigated on the behavior of a clayey soil under one-dimensional compression tests and uniaxial compression tests. To this aim, the VA percentage effect, curing conditions, i.e. the optimum moisture content (OMC) and saturated sample, and curing time, on the oedometer modulus, and the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) are investigated. Results show that the addition of VA increases the UCS continuously in saturated conditions. However, this improvement is considerable for 5% additional VA at the OMC state and it induces 325% improvement in UCS. The maximum improvement of UCS occurs at 20% addition of VA in saturated condition. It was also revealed that VA-soil mixtures are more sustainable at low stress levels and the oedometer modulus increases with the VA addition. A long-term curing time leads to an increase of the fabricated bonds due to the pozzolanic reaction. Additional VA has no significant effect on the consolidation parameters specifically for short-term curing time.
Probabilistic projections of increased heat stress driven by climate change
Authors: Vargas Zeppetello Lucas R. , Raftery Adrian E. , Battisti David S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Heat Index is a metric that quantifies heat exposure in human beings. Here, using probabilistic emission projections, we show that changes in the Heat Index driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions will increase global exposure to dangerous environments in the coming decades. Even if the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 2 °C is met, the exposure to dangerous Heat Index levels will likely increase by 50–100% across much of the tropics and increase by a factor of 3–10 in many regions throughout the midlatitudes. Without emissions reductions more aggressive than those considered possible by our statistical projection, it is likely that by 2100, many people living in tropical regions will be exposed to dangerously high Heat Index values during most days of each typical year, and that the kinds of deadly heat waves that have been rarities in the midlatitudes will become annual occurrences.
Three‐phase service level agreements and trust management model for monitoring and managing the services by trusted cloud broker
Authors: C Muralidharan , Y Mohamed Sirajudeen , S Shitharth , Alhebaishi Nawaf , Mosli Rayan H. , Alhelou Hassan Haes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCloud computing is an environment where everything is provided as a service based on demand. It follows pay as per the used model in which the service consumer needs to pay for what they have consumed. Due to the increased dependence on digitalization, the number of consumers and providers tends to grow tremendously. The consumer who needs the service from the provider is not sure about the specified service outcome, and it is too hard for them to monitor and manage the service. Hence, a trusted third party called a trusted cloud broker (TCB) is introduced for managing the services. The service level agreements (SLA) management and reputation estimation framework is proposed, which includes three phases such as (i) SLA establishment between the three parties, (ii) violation detection by comparing the observed value of the TCB and (iii) the reputation and penalty estimation of the service. The novel TCB is created to monitor the deployed services, ensuring the achievement of SLA. The TCB observes the values and estimates the reputation value for each service. It is compared with the provider log‐based reputation value and found that the proposed model provides a more precise reputation value for the service providers.
Increasing the raw contrast of VLT/SPHERE with the dark hole technique
Authors: Potier A. , Mazoyer J. , Wahhaj Z. , Baudoz P. , Chauvin G. , Galicher R. , Ruane G. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Direct imaging of exoplanets takes advantage of state-of-the-art adaptive optics (AO) systems, coronagraphy, and postprocessing techniques. Coronagraphs attenuate starlight to mitigate the unfavorable flux ratio between an exoplanet and its host star. AO systems provide diffraction-limited images of point sources and minimize optical aberrations that would cause starlight to leak through coronagraphs. Post-processing techniques then estimate and remove residual stellar speckles due to hardware limitations, such as noncommon path aberrations (NCPAs) and diffraction from telescope obscurations, and identify potential companions.
Aims. We aim to demonstrate an efficient method to minimize the speckle intensity due to NCPAs and the underlying stellar diffraction pattern during an observing night on the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Expolanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) instrument without any hardware modifications.
Methods. We implement an iterative dark-hole (DH) algorithm to remove stellar speckles on-sky before a science observation. It uses a pair-wise probing estimator and a controller based on electric field conjugation, originally developed for space-based application. This work presents the first such on-sky minimization of speckles with a DH technique on SPHERE.
Results. We show the standard deviation of the normalized intensity in the raw images is reduced by a factor of up to five in the corrected region with respect to the current calibration strategy under median conditions for VLT. This level of contrast performance obtained with only 1 min of exposure time reaches median performances on SPHERE that use post-processing methods requiring ~1h-long sequences of observations. The resulting raw contrast improvement provides access to potentially fainter and lower-mass exoplanets closer to their host stars. We also present an alternative a posteriori calibration method that takes advantage of the starlight coherence and improves the post-processed contrast levels rms by a factor of about three with respect to the raw images.
Conclusions. This on-sky demonstration represents a decisive milestone for the future design, development, and observing strategy of the next generation of ground-based exoplanet imagers for 10-m to 40-m telescopes.
“Let us talk”: incorporating the Coordinated Management of Meaning’s communication perspective as part of public diplomacy efforts between government, the private sector, and the foreign public
Authors: Limani Blerim , Limani Emira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the current model of communication applied between critical stakeholders such as the government and private sector engaged in public diplomacy efforts for promoting or improving the country’s reputation to the foreign public. A literature review shows that the current communication model applied by the mentioned stakeholders is based on the transmission model, which, to be successful, relies on an ideal version of the communication process where the message gets clearly through the channel while assuming the receiver’s understanding is as close as it gets to the sender’s intention. This process, however, omits communication complexities that derive from such a process where new social realities are being co-created by stakeholders. Consequently, the authors argue that there is a need to introduce a communication model that enables stakeholders to achieve a more sustainable coordination-focused outcome that would benefit both government and the private sector. The methodology is based on the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) theoretical framework that helps identify the current transmission-based public diplomacy communication model while recommending a new model based on a communication perspective. Finally, a communication model is created to describe the needed shift from the current traditional public diplomacy communication process (based on the transmission model) to the one suggested by CMM. Further research is needed where the actual CMM-based communication model will be applied by stakeholders and adequately monitored and evaluated.
Elderly chronic diseases and catastrophic health expenditure: an important cause of Borderline Poor Families’ return to poverty in rural China
Authors: Xu Xiaocang , Yang Haoran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe huge health expenditure for chronic diseases in the elderly is one of the uncertain factors that may cause the Borderline poor families to return to poverty after China fully lifts itself out of poverty in 2020, especially in rural low-income areas. Based on the latest data released by China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper used the two-part model to analyze the impact of elderly chronic diseases on health expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure of Borderline poor families in rural China. Some interesting results were found. For example, elderly chronic diseases such as stroke and hepatic disease have a large impact on the catastrophic health expenditures of families on the edge of poverty in rural China. Therefore, the government should drive middle-aged and elderly people to actively participate in physical exercise and prevent the high incidence of chronic diseases in the elderly. Furthermore, the government should improve the medical insurance system to provide solid support for low-income families and other vulnerable groups to avoid returning to poverty.
Performance of a hardened x-ray streak camera at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s National Ignition Facility
Authors: MacPhee Andrew G. , Bell Perry M. , Boyle Dusty , Carpenter Arthur C. , Claus Liam , Dayton Matthew , Dean Jack , Dymoke-Bradshaw Anthony K. L. , Durand Cassandra , Funsten Brad , Garafalo Anne , Golick Brad P. , Hares Jonathan D. , Hill Jeremy , Kehl Justin M. , Khan Shahab F. , Kilkenny J. D. , MacDonald Mike J. , Maheshwari Devon , Mccubbin Ian J. , Nagel Sabrina R. , Nyholm Peter R. , Palmer Nathan E. , Petre Robert B. , Sanchez Marcos , Schneider Marilyn B. , Schoelmerich Markus O. , Stoupin Stanislav , Welton Adrianne 
Published: August 2022

Electron tubes continue to provide the highest speeds possible for recording dynamics of hot high-energy density plasmas. Standard streak camera drive electronics and CCD readout are not compatible with the radiation environment associated with high DT fusion yield inertial confinement fusion experiments &gt;1013 14 MeV DT neutrons or &gt;109 n cm−2 ns−1. We describe a hardened x-ray streak camera developed for the National Ignition Facility and present preliminary results from the first experiment on which it has participated, recording the time-resolved bremsstrahlung spectrum from the core of an inertial confinement fusion implosion at more than 40× the operational neutron yield limit of the previous National Ignition Facility x-ray streak cameras.
Language use in an English-medium instruction university in Lebanon
Authors: Iliovits Myriam , Harding Luke , Pill John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
English-medium instruction (EMI) universities in non-English-dominant contexts often use internationally available tests of English (e.g., TOEFL) and/or locally developed tests to assess the academic English-language proficiency of applicants prior to admission. However, little research has been conducted to establish the extent to which either type of test reflects the real-world classroom discourse, and associated communicative demands, within these often multilingual educational contexts. In this paper, we report on one part of a larger study designed to address this research gap in a particular EMI environment – the American University of Beirut (AUB) in Lebanon. We collected and analysed samples of language use at AUB through non-participant ethnographic observations and video recordings of eight undergraduate classes across academic disciplines. Findings indicated that classes were varied in nature, shifted between registers and levels of interaction, involved a range of translanguaging and English as a Lingua Franca-oriented phenomena, and included meta-commentary about language use. We argue that speaking and listening constructs in English-language admissions tests used in EMI contexts ideally need to be localised or locally developed to best match the unique language use characteristics of these settings.
Rift Valley fever virus: Movement of infected humans threatens global public health and agriculture
Authors: Gibson Seth , Linthicum Kenneth J. , Turell Michal J. , Anyamba Assaf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute disease of ungulate livestock and wildlife as well as humans caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which can be transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes as well as by direct contact with infected tissues. Outbreaks of this virus may lead to widespread mortality and morbidity in susceptible ungulates and humans, with pronounced economic and agricultural impacts. Humans infected with RVFV can develop extremely high viremias capable of infecting vectors such as mosquitoes. Critically, RVFV has potential for globalization resulting from the movement of infected humans into non-endemic regions containing populations of potentially competent mosquito vectors and susceptible livestock and wildlife hosts that include the US, Asia, and parts of southern Europe. In this review, we explore scenarios of escape of RVFV from its endemic range that could be caused by the movement of infected humans. The risks of globalization of the RVFV pathogen into Europe, Asia, and the Americas is high and increasing each year because of climate change, redistribution and expanding ranges of vector and host species, lack of an approved human vaccine, insecticide resistance, and international travel and commerce. We discuss approaches that could be used to mitigate these avenues of spread that include surveillance targeted by environmental modeling coupled with decisive vector control.
Few-shot rolling bearing fault classification method based on improved relation network
Authors: Kang Shouqiang , Liang Xintao , Wang Yujing , Wang Qingyan , Qiao Chunyang , Mikulovich V I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In practical applications, it is difficult to obtain enough fault samples to train a fault classification model for rolling bearings, and the specifications of bearings used in different mechanical equipment may be different. The diagnosis model trained on a certain specification of bearing may not be applicable to another specification. To solve the above problems, a few-shot rolling bearing fault classification method is proposed, based on an improved relation network (RN). First, a Fourier transform is applied to the vibration signals of different specifications of bearings. The data from different specifications are divided into a meta-train set and a meta-test set according to the meta-learning training strategy, and each set is further divided into a support set and a query set. Second, an improved RN is built. The residual shrinkage module and the scaled exponential linear unit activation function are introduced into the embedding module of the RN. The improved embedding module is used to extract the sample features of the support set and query set, and then the features of the two are combined and input into the relation module to get the relation score. The query set samples are classified according to the score. Finally, the rolling bearing fault classification model is obtained after multiple episodes. The experimental results show that, compared with the partial transfer learning and meta-learning methods, the proposed method only needs a few or even a single sample to achieve the fault classification of different specifications of rolling bearings under different loads. In the case of one-shot, the average classification accuracy can reach 93.3%.
Machine learning to support triage of children at risk for epileptic seizures in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Azriel Raphael , Hahn Cecil D , De Cooman Thomas , Van Huffel Sabine , Payne Eric T , McBain Kristin L , Eytan Danny , Behar Joachim A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective.Epileptic seizures are relatively common in critically-ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and thus serve as an important target for identification and treatment. Most of these seizures have no discernible clinical manifestation but still have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Children that are deemed at risk for seizures within the PICU are monitored using continuous-electroencephalogram (cEEG). cEEG monitoring cost is considerable and as the number of available machines is always limited, clinicians need to resort to triaging patients according to perceived risk in order to allocate resources. This research aims to develop a computer aided tool to improve seizures risk assessment in critically-ill children, using an ubiquitously recorded signal in the PICU, namely the electrocardiogram (ECG).Approach.A novel data-driven model was developed at a patient-level approach, based on features extracted from the first hour of ECG recording and the clinical data of the patient.Main results.The most predictive features were the age of the patient, the brain injury as coma etiology and the QRS area. For patients without any prior clinical data, using one hour of ECG recording, the classification performance of the random forest classifier reached an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of 0.84. When combining ECG features with the patients clinical history, the AUROC reached 0.87.Significance.Taking a real clinical scenario, we estimated that our clinical decision support triage tool can improve the positive predictive value by more than 59% over the clinical standard.
The possibility of creating narrow beams of high-energy gamma quanta in the process of resonant spontaneous bremsstrahlung radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in strong electromagnetic fields
Authors: Roshchupkin S P , Dubov A V , Starodub S S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The production of narrow beams of high-energy gamma quanta in the process of resonant spontaneous bremsstrahlung radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons on nuclei in strong electromagnetic fields is predicted. This effect is realized under special experimental conditions for the frequencies and intensities of the laser installation. Resonant differential cross sections with simultaneous registration of the outgoing angle and the energy of the spontaneous gamma quantum, as well as a small number of absorbed photons of the wave, can exceed the corresponding differential cross section without an external field by 18–19 orders of magnitude. The obtained results can be used to obtain narrow beams of high-energy gamma quanta, as well as to explain high-energy gamma quanta near pulsars and magnetars.
Spectral distortions from axion monodromy inflation
Authors: Henríquez-Ortiz Raúl , Mastache Jorge , Ramos-Sánchez Saúl 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the advent of new missions to probe spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision, the study of theoretical predictions of these signals becomes a promising avenue to test our description of the early Universe. Meanwhile, axion monodromy still offers a viable framework to describe cosmic inflation. In order to explore new constraints on inflationary models based on axion monodromy while aiming at falsifying this scenario, we compute the spectral distortions predicted by this model, revealing oscillatory features that are compatible with Planck data. Further, the predicted distortions are up to 10% larger than the signals obtained from the fiducial ΛCDM model and are observable in principle. However, contrasting with the predictions of the simplest power-law inflationary potentials challenges the falsifiability of axion monodromy as it would require to reduce at least 100 times the current forecast error of the PIXIE satellite, which shall be possible at some projected observational setups.