bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted glycation and the allergenicity of α‐lactalbumin
Authors: Wang Xumei , Wang Hui , Ye Yunhua , Yang Ping , Liu Guangxian , Hu Yueming , Tu Zongcai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrasound‐assisted glycation is a promising method for decreasing the allergenicity of α‐lactalbumin (ALA). However, there is a lack of in vivo studies on the allergenicity of ultrasound‐assisted glycated ALA. In this study, the effects of the ultrasound‐assisted glycation of ALA on the allergenicity and intestinal microflora were characterized using a BALB/c mouse model.RESULTSIncreased immunoglobulin ‐G/ immunoglobulin‐E (IgG/IgE) and interleukin‐4/6 (IL‐4/6) secretions, and reduced interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretions were found in the serum of ALA sensitized and challenged, mice in comparison with a control group. However, there was no significant difference between the mice fed with ultrasound‐assisted glycated ALA and the control group. Mice that were sensitized and challenged with ALA showed disrupted intestinal microflora, manifesting in significantly decreased Firmicutes and significantly increased Proteobacteria. It was found that 100ALA‐gal could maintain the intestinal microflora of mice in a normal state. Pearson's rank correlation showed that Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota were correlated positively with the IL‐4/IL‐6 level and were correlated negatively with the expression of IFN‐γ. Proteobacteria were also significantly positively correlated with IL‐6 and negatively correlated with IFN‐γ (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that ultrasound‐assisted glycation on ALA can maintain the intestinal microflora in a normal state thus balancing the proportion of Th1/Th2 to decrease allergic reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Operational challenges in a US nonprofit network amid COVID‐19: Lessons from a food network in Virginia
Authors: Azevedo Lauren , Haupt Brie , Markoski Tamara Dimitrijevska 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) had detrimental health and economic impacts on communities across the globe. Consequently, public, profit and nonprofit organizations had to quickly adjust to the new situation and adopt new operating strategies and service delivery mechanisms. This study examines a nonprofit food network in Virginia and the impact of COVID‐19 on food bank services and distribution operations. Guided by the adaptive systems approach, this case study utilizes the Federation of Virginia Food Bank (FVFB) and focuses on operational challenges within the network and the impact of the CARES Act. The data obtained from stakeholder interviews and a survey of local and regional providers suggest communication and adaptive management were crucial in the continuation of network operations. Furthermore, understanding the multifaceted needs of vulnerable individuals, beyond nutrition and food insecurity, is important for nonprofit service partners in a network. The study proposes a conceptual framework for effective operations in a nonprofit network during crisis and highlights the need to create collaborative capacity.
Hitting reset: Industry evolution, generational technology cycles, and the dynamic value of firm experience
Authors: Ozalp Hakan , Eggers J.P. , Malerba Franco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study how the value of depth and breadth of experience shifts across generational technology cycles and industry evolution. Experience breadth builds organizational flexibility that is valuable during technology transitions and when the industry is younger, while experience depth builds domain‐specific resources that are important during periods of technology stability and later periods of industry evolution. We test our theory in the console game industry, where publishers face repeated periods of transition and stability across multiple console generations. We find support for most hypotheses, except that the value of breadth correlates with the magnitude of any transition instead of decreasing linearly over time. We contribute to research on the changing value of firm experience and to the understanding of generational technological change during industry evolution.Managerial AbstractMany industries face generational changes. How incumbent firms handle those transitions is important to firm survival and success. We study how the prior experience of video game publishers helps them navigate transitions. First, we find that firms with deep experience in a genre produce more successful games in that genre only during stable periods in the industry. Second, the benefits of deep experience increase over time as some of the experience‐built capabilities of the firm survive technological transitions. Third, broad and diversified firms perform best during generational transitions as they successfully enter new domains made popular by the generational shift. We suggest that the product strategies of video game firms should depend on the relevant experience they possess and the degree of environmental change.
A cognitive perspective on real options investment: CEO overconfidence
Authors: Lee Joon Mahn , Park Jung Chul , Chen Guoli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWhile real options theory has been applied with the optimality assumption, actual real options investments are made by managers, who are subject to cognitive biases, especially under uncertainty. In this article, we focus on one important type of cognitive bias, overconfidence, to provide new insights on real options literature. We argue that overconfident CEOs will invest less in real options than non‐overconfident CEOs. We also predict that the relationship between overconfident CEOs and firms' real options intensity will be strengthened when market uncertainty is higher. In a study of U.S. public firms, we find strong support across various tests that use multiple measures of overconfidence in CEOs and real options investments, and control for potential selection issues and other endogeneity concerns.Managerial SummaryThis article studies how a CEO's cognitive bias, overconfidence, may shape a firm's real option investments, which could result in a different level of strategic flexibility. We argue that overconfident CEOs have overly high expectations of their performance under uncertainty and/or underestimate the level of uncertainty in their strategic decision‐making, which leads to lower investments in the firms' real options relative to non‐overconfident CEOs. We study a sample of U.S. public firms and find strong evidence that an overconfident CEO is positively related to the real options investments at the firm level. We also find that this overconfidence effect becomes more pronounced in markets with greater uncertainty.
What attention is. The priority structure account
Authors: Watzl Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘Everyone knows what attention is’ according to William James. Much work on attention in psychology and neuroscience cites this famous phrase only to quickly dismiss it. But James is right about this: ‘attention’ was not introduced into psychology and neuroscience as a theoretical concept. I argue that we should therefore study attention with broadly the same methodology that David Marr has applied to the study of perception. By focusing more on Marr's Computational Level of analysis, we arrive at a unified answer to the question of what attention is, what role it plays in the mind, and why organisms like us have that capacity. I propose a methodology for studying attention at Marr's Computational Level that optimizes in a three‐dimensional space: it should capture core aspects of our first‐person experience of attention, be explanatorily powerful in psychology and neuroscience, and fertile in an interdisciplinary context. I show how this methodology leads to what I call the priority structure account of attention. Attention is what organizes current information to make it more useful for the organism. We can identify it by four features. Attention, in this way, helps a cognitive system to integrate its informational state with its current motivational state. I describe how this account improves on alternatives and shows why attention is a useful concept in many disciplines and for connecting them.This article is categorized under:
Philosophy > Psychological Capacities
Psychology > Attention
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Facilitating Learning Activities in Further Education and Master’s Program in Oncology Nursing
Authors: Molnes Sven Inge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of patients with cancer is increasing, resulting in complex disease patterns and multifaceted patient needs. Both the municipal health service and specialist health services face growing challenges. Oncology nursing students must be trained to see situations comprehensively, act when a patient’s situation worsens, and communicate effectively with the patient and the patient’s relatives. Much of this training will take place during the students’ practice studies, but these periods are short, and there are many aspects of nursing for students to focus on. Simulation offers one option for promoting learning in nursing education. Simulation is an effective supplement to traditional lectures in oncology nursing programs, giving students the opportunity to rehearse their skills and learn where they need more practice.
Train the Trainer Course: How Can the Skills of a Facilitator Benefit Academic Staff in Nursing and Other Health Education Programs?
Authors: Eriksson Ulrika , Kilvik Astrid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver several years, simulation has become an established teaching method in study programs of nursing and other health disciplines. Simulation exercises have a theoretical foundation in a number of perspectives on how adults acquire knowledge, through experience-based learning, reflection-on-action and reflection-in-action, and an emphasis on the sociocultural context. As part of the learning process of simulation, the opportunity for feedback and feed forward is crucial in the learning process. The individual facilitator is particularly important in this understanding of learning. The role of the facilitator is aimed at guiding the student toward learning with the help of didactic and pedagogical methods. Learning in itself is a process that could be defined as a transformation that is not based on biological maturation. In this chapter, we look closer at the nature of train the trainer courses, what separates a facilitator from a lecturer, the significance of a common language and framework, as well as how the side effects and synergies of the facilitator’s skills might benefit academic staff in nursing and other health education programs.
Thermodynamics of Taub-NUT and Plebanski solutions
Authors: Liu Hai-Shan , Lü H. , Ma Liang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We observe the parallel between the null Killing vector on the horizon and degenerate Killing vectors at both north and south poles in Kerr-Taub-NUT and general Plebanski solutions. This suggests a correspondence between the pairs of the angular momentum/velocity and the NUT charge/potential. We treat the time as a real line such that the Misner strings are physical. We find that the NUT charge spreads along the Misner strings, analogous to that the mass in the Schwarzschild black hole sits at its spacetime singularity. We develop procedures to calculate all the thermodynamic quantities and we find that the results are consistent with the first law (Wald formalism), the Euclidean action and the Smarr relation. We also apply the Wald formalism, the Euclidean action approach, and the (generalized) Komar integration to the electric and magnetic black holes in a class of EMD theories, and also to boosted black strings and Kaluza-Klein monopoles in five dimensions, to gain better understandings of how to deal with the subtleties associated with Dirac and Misner strings.
Origin of nontopological soliton dark matter: solitosynthesis or phase transition
Authors: Bai Yang , Lu Sida , Orlofsky Nicholas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work demonstrates that nontopological solitons with large global charges and masses, even above the Planck scale, can form in the early universe and dominate the dark matter abundance. In solitosynthesis, solitons prefer to grow as large as possible under equilibrium dynamics when an initial global charge asymmetry is present. Their abundance is set by when soliton formation via particle fusion freezes out, and their charges are set by the time it takes to accumulate free particles. This work improves the estimation of both quantities, and in particular shows that much larger-charged solitons form than previously thought. The results are estimated analytically and validated numerically by solving the coupled Boltzmann equations. Without solitosynthesis, phase transitions can still form solitons from particles left inside false-vacuum pockets and determine their present-day abundance and properties. Even with zero charge asymmetry, solitons formed in this way can have very large charges on account of statistical fluctuations in the numbers of (anti)particles inside each pocket.
Strukturelle Diskriminierung und Rassismus in der Krankenhausversorgung: die Rolle ökonomischer Rahmenbedingungen in der interkulturellen Öffnung
Authors: Schödwell Steffen , Savin Mihaela , Lauke Anke , Abels Ingar , Abdel-Fatah Dana , Penka Simone , Kluge Ulrike 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundRassismus und strukturelle Diskriminierung in der deutschen Gesundheitsversorgung sind bislang wenig untersucht, obwohl die interkulturelle Öffnung seit vielen Jahren gefordert wird. Gleichzeitig schreiten die Prozesse der Ökonomisierung vor allem in der Krankenhausversorgung voran. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht aktuelle Herausforderungen der interkulturellen Öffnung unter Berücksichtigung der ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen.MethodenEs wurden 112 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden der Berliner Krankenhausversorgung aus verschiedenen Berufsgruppen und Fachbereichen geführt. Gefragt wurde nach Herausforderungen, deren Bewältigung und Lösungsideen.ErgebnisseFolgeerscheinungen der Ökonomisierung werden besonders in der Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Flucht‑/Migrationsgeschichte sichtbar. Ressourcenmangel kombiniert mit fehlender Kostenübernahme für Sprachmittlung führen zu Überforderung und zu einer Tendenz von Kulturalisierung, bei der die „Kultur“ der Patient*innen zur Erklärung ihres Handelns herangezogen wird, sowie von offenem Rassismus. Nährboden sind dabei multiple Verunsicherungen, die Mitarbeitende durch Mehrbedarfe dieser Patient*innen erleben. Kulturalisierung wird beschrieben als Bewältigungsversuch emotionaler Bedrängnis angesichts von Zeitmangel und Personalknappheit. In erster Linie wird daher der Wunsch nach mehr Zeit und Personal geäußert. Maßnahmen zum Abbau von Rassismus und struktureller Diskriminierung werden konkretisiert.DiskussionUm Rassismus und Kulturalisierung entgegenzuwirken, sind Maßnahmen zentral, die an den ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie institutionellen Veränderungsprozessen ansetzen.
Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface
Authors: Zazara Dimitra E. , Belios Ioannis , Lücke Jöran , Zhang Tao , Giannou Anastasios D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the role of lung-resident immunity and how its function is dysregulated under pathological conditions can shed light on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
RCVS: by clinicians for clinicians—a narrative review
Authors: Erhart Deborah Katharina , Ludolph Albert Christian , Althaus Katharina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome may be underdiagnosed. It can be accompanied by various complications, mainly intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The clinical presentation of this condition varies according to its localization. The aims of this review are to raise awareness of the disease, especially in the presence of corresponding risk factors; to connect its precipitating factors, pathophysiology, and complications; and to compare various differential diagnoses of vasoconstriction.

Methods
A review of the literature in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted from May 1997 until May 2022.

Results
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, which is a clinical–radiological syndrome, is mainly characterized by the occurrence of thunderclap headache and widespread vasoconstriction. The most common precipitating factors are the use of vasoactive substances and postpartum status. The pathophysiology is currently assumed to include two mechanisms: sympathetic overactivity and endothelial dysfunction. From these mechanisms, it is possible to derive potential complications as well as the most important differential diagnoses: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and primary angiitis of the central nervous system.

Conclusion
In general, the outcome of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is very good. Vasospasm as well as thunderclap headache attacks can be fully reversible, and > 90% of patients are functionally independent at discharge.
Barriers and facilitators for participation in workplace health promotion programs: results from peer-to-peer interviews among employees
Authors: Smit Denise J. M. , Proper Karin I. , Engels Josephine A. , Campmans Jennifer M. D. , van Oostrom Sandra H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) have shown to be effective in improving lifestyle behaviors of employees. Despite potential benefits for employees, participation rates are generally low. The aim of this study was to gain deeper insight into barriers and facilitators for participation in WHPPs prior to implementation according to employees.

Methods
Peer-to-peer interviewing, a method derived from citizen science, was used to actively involve employees in the data collection. Employees working in the cleaning-, ICT- and facility-sector were trained to interview their co-workers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was performed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), complemented with the constructs ‘interpersonal factors’ and ‘intrapersonal factors’ from the social ecological model. Data were coded deductively and inductively, and rated by two researchers independently.

Results
Fourteen peer-interviewers conducted 62 peer-to-peer interviews. Main barriers for participation in WHPPs were an unsupportive organizational culture where lifestyle is not a common topic and programs that are not tailored to their needs. Support from peers and supervisors were facilitators. The availability of organizational resources, such as facilities and financial compensation, support participation.

Conclusions
To enhance participation of employees in WHPPs it is recommended to take into account the barriers and facilitators identified in this study. For instance, employees should be involved in the development and implementation of WHPPS by the employer and their needs and available resources should be taken into account. This may lead to more successful implementation and higher participation rates in future WHPPs.
Association between atherogenic risk-modulating proteins and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Tryfonos Andrea , Mills Joseph , Green Daniel J. , Wagenmakers Anton J. M. , Dawson Ellen A. , Cocks Matthew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Endothelial dysfunction is an early and integral event in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Reduced NO bioavailability, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, inflammation and senescence are all implicated in endothelial dysfunction. However, there are limited data examining associations between these pathways and direct in vivo bioassay measures of endothelial function in CAD patients. This study aimed to examine the relationships between in vivo measures of vascular function and the expression of atherogenic risk-modulating proteins in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the radial artery of CAD patients.

Methods
Fifty-six patients with established CAD underwent trans-radial catheterization. Prior to catheterization, radial artery vascular function was assessed using a) flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and b) exercise-induced dilation in response to handgrip (HE%). Freshly isolated ECs were obtained from the radial artery during catheterization and protein content of eNOS, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit NOX2, NFκB, ET-1 and the senescence markers p53, p21 and p16 were evaluated alongside nitrotyrosine abundance and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation.

Results
FMD was positively associated with eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation (r = 0.290, P = 0.037), and protein content of p21 (r = 0.307, P = 0.027) and p16 (r = 0.426, P = 0.002). No associations were found between FMD and markers of oxidative stress, vasoconstriction or inflammation. In contrast to FMD, HE% was not associated with any of the EC proteins.

Conclusion
These data revealed a difference in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation measured in vivo between patients with CAD compared to previously reported data in subjects without a clinical diagnosis, suggesting that eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation may be the key to maintain vasodilation in CAD patients.