bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal prolapse in ewes
Authors: Christodoulopoulos Georgios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2019 and 2020, an annual vaginal prolapse incidence of 13% was recorded among hoggets in a dairy sheep farm in Greece, whereas in mature ewes the annual incidence was 0.7%. During our farm visit, we noticed that the feeders were particularly elevated both in hoggets and mature ewes barn, which forced the animals to take a highly inclined position to reach their feed. We identified the feeders’ elevation as a possible cause of vaginal prolapse and advised their replacement. In December 2020, in the hoggets’ barn, the raised feeders were replaced with lower ones, resolving the problem. These findings provide strong circumstantial evidence that hoggets are particularly prone to vaginal prolapse when forced to maintain an inclined position for long periods, whereas mature ewes appear less susceptible.
Successful medical management of an acute case of pentobarbital toxicosis in a wild bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Jassi Hugo A. , Jakobek Benjamin , Ebbott Austin , de Bie Fiep , Cusack Lara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) presented in a comatose state, with clinical signs consistent with an acute toxicosis of unknown aetiology. After 24 hours of aggressive supportive care, the eagle mildly improved, but was still unable to move or perch. Radiographs revealed severe upper gastrointestinal distention consistent with food remnants, and blood chemistry values were suggestive of an acute pharmacological induced toxicosis. An upper gastric lavage was performed and 36 hours after the procedure, the eagle was responsive and displayed normal behaviour. The eagle was released back to the wild following 6 days of supportive care, with complete resolution of the presenting clinical signs. Gastric content and crop fluid retrieved were frozen and then analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Both samples were positive for sodium pentobarbital, due to a presumed ingestion of an inadequately disposed carcase from a euthanased animal.
Topological phase, spin Chern-Simons theory and level rank duality on lens space
Authors: Kubo Naotaka , Yokoyama Shuichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study a method to compute a topological phase factor of partition function for pure Chern-Simons theory incorporating the supersymmetric localization. We develop a regularization preserving supersymmetry and the topological phase appears as a result of the supersymmetric regularization. Applying this method to pure Chern-Simons theory on lens space we compute the background dependent phase factor coming from the Chern-Simons term. We confirm that the partition function computed in this method enjoys a couple of level rank dualities including the one recently proposed in arXiv:1607.07457 for all ranks and levels within our numerical calculation. We also present a phase factor with which the lens space partition function exhibits the perfect match between any level rank dual pair including the total phase.
From β to η: a new cohomology for deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
Authors: Tasker Edward Lødøen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We discuss in detail the different analogues of Dolbeault cohomology groups on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and prove a new vanishing result for the transverse Dolbeault cohomology groups $$ {H}_{\overline{\partial}}^{\left(p,0\right)}(k) $$

H

∂
¯

p
0

k

graded by their charge under the Reeb vector. We then introduce a new cohomology, η-cohomology, which is defined by a CR structure and a holomorphic function f with non-vanishing η ≡ df. It is the natural cohomology associated to a class of supersymmetric type IIB flux backgrounds that generalise the notion of a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. These geometries are dual to finite deformations of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs described by conventional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. As such, they are associated to Calabi-Yau algebras with a deformed superpotential. We show how to compute the η-cohomology in terms of the transverse Dolbeault cohomology of the undeformed Sasaki-Einstein space. The gauge-gravity correspondence implies a direct relation between the cyclic homologies of the Calabi-Yau algebra, or equivalently the counting of short multiplets in the deformed SCFT, and the η-cohomology groups. We verify that this relation is satisfied in the case of S5, and use it to predict the reduced cyclic homology groups in the case of deformations of regular Sasaki-Einstein spaces. The corresponding Calabi-Yau algebras describe non-commutative deformations of ℙ2, ℙ1× ℙ1 and the del Pezzo surfaces.
Q-curvature and path integral complexity
Authors: Camargo Hugo A. , Caputa Pawel , Nandy Pratik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We discuss the interpretation of path integral optimization as a uniformization problem in even dimensions. This perspective allows for a systematical construction of the higher-dimensional path integral complexity in holographic conformal field theories in terms of Q-curvature actions. We explore the properties and consequences of these actions from the perspective of the optimization programme, tensor networks and penalty factors. Moreover, in the context of recently proposed holographic path integral optimization, we consider higher curvature contributions on the Hartle-Hawking bulk slice and study their impact on the optimization as well as their relation to Q-curvature actions and finite cut-off holography.
New tool for kinematic regime estimation in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
Authors:   The Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration, Boglione M. , Diefenthaler M. , Dolan S. , Gamberg L. , Melnitchouk W. , Pitonyak D. , Prokudin A. , Sato N. , Scalyer Z. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We introduce a new phenomenological tool based on momentum region indicators to guide the analysis and interpretation of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements. The new tool, referred to as “affinity”, is devised to help visualize and quantify the proximity of any experimental kinematic bin to a particular hadron production region, such as that associated with transverse momentum dependent factorization. We apply the affinity estimator to existing HERMES and COMPASS data and expected data from Jefferson Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider. We also provide an interactive notebook based on Machine Learning for fast evaluation of affinity.
The LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung: analytic results for sub-leading (single) logarithms
Authors: Arnold Peter , Gorda Tyler , Iqbal Shahin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Consider the in-medium splitting g → gg of a very high-energy gluon traversing a QCD medium, accounting for the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. It has been known for some time that soft radiative corrections to that splitting generate a double-log correction to the splitting rate, whose effects can be absorbed into running of the medium parameter $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

describing the rate of transverse momentum kicks to high-energy particles due to small-angle scattering from the medium. Less has been known about sub-leading, single logarithms in this context. In this paper, we find analytic formulas for those single logs (with various caveats and clarifications).
AdS5 holography and higher-derivative supergravity
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Hristov Kiril , Reys Valentin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study four-derivative corrections to 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 minimal gauged supergravity using tools from conformal supergravity. There are two supersymmetric invariants at the four-derivative order and we show explicitly how to write down the action in the Poincaré frame in terms of their coefficients. We apply our results in the context of holography where the four-derivative terms in the supergravity action translate into corrections to the conformal anomalies of the dual 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFT. We use these results to study corrections to the entropy of the supersymmetric black string solutions of minimal supergravity. We also discuss explicit embeddings of the 5d supergravity in string and M-theory and use them to fix the higher-derivative coefficients in terms of the microscopic parameters.
The supersymmetry breaking soft terms, and fermion masses and mixings in the supersymmetric Pati-Salam model from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: Sabir Mudassar , Li Tianjun , Mansha Adeel , Wang Xiao-Chuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A supersymmetric Pati-Salam model with wrapping number equal to 5 has been constructed in Type IIA orientifolds on T6/(ℤ2× ℤ2) with intersecting D6-branes recently. In particular, the string-scale gauge coupling unification can be achieved due to the intermediate-scale vector-like particles from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sector. We calculate the supersymmetry breaking soft terms, and study the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and mixings. There are nine pairs of Higgs doublets from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sector. Interestingly, we can explain the SM quark masses and mixings, as well as the charged leptons masses from three point and four-point Yukawa interactions. Moreover, we calculate the supersymmetry breaking soft terms in a previous model with gauge coupling unification since we find a typo in the previous study.
Imaging characteristics of 4th ventricle subependymoma
Authors: Haider Ali S. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Haider Maryam , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Pinho Marco C. , Mickey Bruce E. , Sawaya Raymond , Fuller Gregory N. , Schomer Donald F. , Gule-Monroe Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Subependymomas located within the 4th ventricle are rare, and the literature describing imaging characteristics is sparse. Here, we describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of 29 patients with 4th ventricle subependymoma.

Methods
This is a retrospective multi-center study performed after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Patients diagnosed with suspected 4th ventricle subependymoma were identified. A review of clinical, radiology, and pathology reports along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images was performed.

Results
Twenty-nine patients, including 6 females, were identified. Eighteen patients underwent surgery with histopathological confirmation of subependymoma. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. Median tumor volume for the operative cohort was 9.87 cm3, while for the non-operative cohort, it was 0.96 cm3. Thirteen patients in the operative group exhibited symptoms at diagnosis. For the total cohort, the majority of subependymomas (n = 22) were isointense on T1, hyperintense (n = 22) on T2, and enhanced (n = 24). All tumors were located just below the body of the 4th ventricle, terminating near the level of the obex. Fourteen cases demonstrated extension of tumor into foramen of Magendie or Luschka.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest collection of 4th ventricular subependymomas with imaging findings reported to date. All patients in this cohort had tumors originating between the bottom of the body of the 4th ventricle and the obex. This uniform and specific site of origin aids with imaging diagnosis and may infer possible theories of origin.
Direct patterning of methylammonium lead bromide perovskites by thermal imprint
Authors: Mayer A. , Haeger T. , Runkel M. , Staabs J. , Rond J. , van gen Hassend F. , Görrn P. , Riedl T. , Scheer H.-C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPromising new materials like solution-processable perovskites may provide devices with superior properties, e.g. for opto-electronics. For some applications patterning is required and nanoimprint as a solvent-free, mechanical shaping process has been identified to be particularly favorable for this purpose. The current investigation refers to the organic–inorganic perovskite methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and is related to direct imprint under pressure and temperature. Experiments with a single crystal and polycrystalline layers of differing grain size indicate that a large-grained starting layer offers optimum pre-conditions for the replication of micro/nano-structures. The aim of the present study is to develop a physical understanding of the shaping process with this polycrystalline material. To develop such a conception, analogies between the imprint of polycrystalline perovskites and the imprint of thermoplastic polymers are sought, and the consequences resulting from the differences in the microscopic material response are worked out. The main aspect with perovskites is that plastic deformation occurs due to gliding on crystallographic glide planes, similar to the case of metals. With a < 100 > -oriented perovskite layer the imprint pressure activates a (110) < 110 > -type glide system, providing material transport at 45° with respect to the surface normal. The consequences of this preferential direction are investigated by analyzing experiments with partial and complete filling of the cavities of the stamp used for imprint. By considering the geometric correlations during the initial imprint phase the experimental results can be understood. Beyond that, it turns out that under specific conditions the size and the shape of the grains can be controlled by the imprinted pattern. This ‘grain shaping by patterning’ provides unexpected, innovative prospects for the nanoimprint of perovskite layers.
Childhood cardiovascular morphology and function following abnormal fetal growth
Authors: Olander Rasmus F. W. , Litwin Linda , Sundholm Johnny K. M. , Sarkola Taisto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies examining the link between abnormal fetal growth and cardiac changes in childhood have presented conflicting results. We studied the effect of abnormal fetal growth on cardiac morphology and function during childhood, while controlling for body size, composition and postnatal factors. We report on the follow-up of 90 children (median age 5.81 years, IQR 5.67; 5.95) born appropriate for gestational age (AGA, N = 48), small for gestational age (SGA, N = 23), or large for gestational age (LGA, N = 19); SGA and LGA defined as birth weight Z-score < − 2 and >  + 2, respectively. We examined the heart using echocardiography, including Doppler and strain imaging, in relation to anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet. Although groupwise differences in body size decreased during the first year after birth, LGA remained larger at follow-up, with higher lean body mass and BMI, while SGA were smaller. Slight changes in left ventricular diastolic function were present in SGA and LGA, with SGA showing increased mitral diastolic E- and A-wave peak flow velocities, and increased septal E/E′ ratio, and LGA showing larger left atrial volume adjusted for sex and lean body mass. In univariate analyses, lean body mass at follow-up was the strongest predictor of cardiac morphology. We found no groupwise differences at follow-up for ventricular sphericity, cardiac morphology adjusted for lean body mass and sex, or blood pressure, diet, or physical activity. Cardiac morphology is predicted by lean body mass during childhood, even in the setting of abnormal fetal growth. Our results are consistent with a limited effect of fetal programming on cardiac dimensions during childhood. Minor changes in diastolic function are present in both SGA and LGA children, however, the clinical significance of these changes at this stage is likely small.
Verantwortungsdiffusion und institutionelle Missstände in Krankenanstalten
Authors: Hofer Herwig Peter 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungBei aller Funktionalität bestehen im Krankenhaussystem als störende Auswirkungen von Gesundheitspolitik und -ökonomie moralisch problembesetzte, institutionelle Missstände, wie z. B. Ressourcenknappheit, Fehlversorgung, Überverrechtlichung und Überbürokratisierung. Letztere stellen die anwendungsorientierte Ethik vor Herausforderungen, welche die ärztliche Standesethik allein nicht behandeln kann. Speziell auf solche Probleme bezogen, erlangt das Potenzial der Geisteswissenschaften gegenwärtig vermehrtes Interesse. Die Gedanken der Philosophin Hannah Arendt können gerade in Krisenbedingungen einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, da die Denkerin grundlegende Probleme der Moderne benennt und mit aktuellem Bezug diskutiert. Arendt prägte einst, im Rahmen des historischen Kontextes des NS-Regimes, die These von der „Banalität des Bösen“ und damit zusammenhängende Begriffe und Feststellungen. Ihre zentralen Aussagen – mit dem Ziel, Missstände und Übel zu dechiffrieren – sind gegenwärtig hochaktuell, weil sie gewisse, in Institutionen zu findende, allgemeine menschliche Verhaltensweisen und Eigenschaften, wie z. B. Unreflektiertheit, bürokratisch-rechtliche Dienstbeflissenheit, kleinteilig-akribische Regelkonformität, Indifferenz, Mitleidlosigkeit und das Abschieben von Problemen thematisieren. Die Analyse auf systemischer, als auch auf der Ebene der Akteure zeigt, dass sich teilweise einige Arendtsche Feststellungen in den Missständen gegenwärtiger Krankenhausstrukturen wiederfinden lassen. In Anlehnung an Arendt wurde konsequenterweise der Begriff der „Banalität eines Missstandes“ etabliert. Weiterführend kann dadurch ein medizin-ethisch relevantes Problem benannt, bewusstgemacht und konturiert werden, um diesen Entwicklungen entgegenzusteuern.
Making universal digital access universal: lessons from COVID-19 in Singapore
Authors: Ng Irene Y. H. , Lim Sun Sun , Pang Natalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital resources—which include devices, internet connection and digital literacy—have become basic needs. Thus with the global COVID-19 pandemic having accelerated digitalization, the urgency for universal digital inclusion has hastened. Otherwise, digital inequality will lead to social inequality and impede social mobility. Using Singapore as a case study, this article applies the insights learned from a participatory action research to recommend a policy framework for universal digital access, with practical humanistic steps towards full digital inclusion. Singapore is a digitally advanced nation with almost universal digital availability, yet when COVID-19 forced rapid digital adoption, gaps in access by vulnerable groups such as low-income households, elderly and migrant workers were found. From the learning points on gaps and measures taken by community groups, volunteers and policy-makers in our research, we recommend making access to all three digital resources automatic and affordable, with an undergirding principle to implement technology among the most digitally excluded first before national roll out. A public-community-corporate funding and partnership model is also proposed to sustain universal provision.
Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries: the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality
Authors: Enroth Linda , Jasilionis Domantas , Németh Laszlo , Strand Bjørn Heine , Tanjung Insani , Sundberg Louise , Fors Stefan , Jylhä Marja , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOverall progress in life expectancy (LE) depends increasingly on survival in older ages. The birth cohorts now reaching old age have experienced considerable educational expansion, which is a driving force for the social change and social inequality. Thus, this study examines changes in old age LE by educational attainment in the Nordic countries and aims to find out to what extent the change in national LEs is attributable to education-specific mortality and the shifting educational composition. We used national register data comprising total 65 + populations in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to create period life tables stratified by five-year age groups (65–90 +), sex and educational attainment. Difference in LE between 2001 and 2015 was decomposed into the contributions of mortality changes within each educational group and changes in educational composition. Increasing LE at all ages and in all educational groups coincided with persistent and growing educational inequalities in all countries. Most of the gains in LE at age 65 could be attributed to decreased mortality (63–90%), especially among those with low education, the largest educational group in most countries. The proportion of the increase in LE attributable to improved education was 10–37%, with the highest contributions recorded for women in Norway and Sweden. The rising educational levels in the Nordic countries still carry potential for further gains in national LEs. However, the educational expansion has contributed to uneven gains in LE between education groups, which poses a risk for the future increase of inequalities in LE.
Health system reforms and the needs of the ageing population—an analysis of recent policy paths and reform trends in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa , Pulkki Jutta , Tervonen-Gonçalves Leena , Schön Pär , Burström Bo , Keskimäki Ilmo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPopulation ageing with an increasing number of people experiencing complex health and social care needs challenges health systems. We explore whether andhow health system reforms and policy measures adopted during the past two decades in Finland and Sweden reflect and address the needs of the older people. We discuss health system characteristics that are important to meet the care needs of older people and analyse how health policy agendas have highlighted these aspects in Finland and Sweden. The analysis is based on “most similar cases”. The two countries have rather similar health systems and are facing similar challenges. However, the policy paths to address these challenges are different. The Swedish health system is better resourced, and the affordability of care better ensured, but choice and market-oriented competition reforms do not address the needs of the people with complex health and social care needs, rather it has led to increased fragmentation. In Finland, the level of public funding is lower which may have negative impacts on people who need multiple services. However, in terms of integration and care coordination, Finland seems to follow a path which may pave the way for improved coordination of care for people with multiple care needs. Intensified monitoring and analysis of patterns of health care utilization among older people are warranted in both countries to ensure that care is provided equitably.
Diverse Organizational Adoption of Institutions in the Field of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Jastram Sarah Margaretha , Otto Alkis Henri , Minulla Tatjana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the current literature, institutional adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) governance standards is mainly understood in a binary sense (adoption versus no adoption), and existing research has hitherto focused on inducements as well as on barriers of related organizational change. However, little is known about often invisible internal adoption patterns relating to institutional entrepreneurship in the field of CSR. At the same time, additional information about these processes is relevant in order to systematically assess the outcomes of institutional entrepreneurship and to differentiate between substantive versus symbolic implementation. In this paper, we contribute a comparative intraorganizational differentiation of institutional adoption processes in the field of CSR, and we distinguish between broad and narrow organizational institutional adoption across different management functions relating to institutions of a similar type. Our study is based on a quantitative survey among members of the United Nations Global Compact Network Germany, as well as on qualitative interviews. We analyze different institutional adoption patterns and derive ten theoretical predictors of diverse institutional adoption choices and thereby inform the literatures on institutional entrepreneurship, CSR governance, and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives. Besides our theoretical contributions, our findings serve as a source of information for practitioners engaged in CSR governance as they provide new insights into the managerial perception and assessment of different CSR standards and initiatives.