bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy With Liver and Nonliver Complications and Long-term Mortality in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Chien Nicholas , Kam Leslie , Yeo Yee Hui , Ji Fanpu , Huang Daniel Q. , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceChronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its complications are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale data analysis of the long-term liver and nonliver effects of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment has been limited.ObjectiveTo assess the association of hepatitis C virus elimination through DAA treatment with the risk of liver and nonliver morbidity and mortality during long-term follow-up among a large nationwide cohort of insured patients with CHC in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 245 596 adult patients with CHC using data from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database, 2010 to 2021. Of the total cohort, 40 654 patients had received 1 or more prescriptions for DAA medication (without interferon), and 204 942 patients were untreated.ExposureTreatment with a DAA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver decompensation, relevant nonliver events (nonliver cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease), and overall mortality.ResultsThe DAA-treated cohort (vs untreated) were older (mean [SD] age, 59.9 [10.8] vs 58.5 [13.0] years; P &amp;lt; .001); more likely to be male (25 060 [62%] vs 119 727 [58%] men; P &amp;lt; .001) and White (23 937 [59%] vs 115 973 [57%]; P &amp;lt; .001) individuals; and more likely to have diabetes (10 680 [26%] vs 52 091 [25%]; P &amp;lt; .001) or cirrhosis (17 971 [44%] vs 60 094 [29%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Comparing DAA-treated with untreated patients, the incidence (per 1000 person-years) of liver outcomes (eg, decompensation, 28.2 [95% CI, 27.0-29.4] vs 40.8 [95% CI, 40.1-41.5]; P &amp;lt; .001, and HCC in compensated cirrhosis, 20.1 [95% CI, 18.4-21.9] vs 41.8 [95% CI, 40.3-43.3]; P &amp;lt; .001) and nonliver outcomes (eg, diabetes, 30.2 [95% CI, 35.4-37.7] vs 37.2 [95% CI, 36.6-37.9]; P &amp;lt; .001; and chronic kidney disease, 31.1 [95% CI, 29.9-32.2] vs 34.1 [95% CI, 33.5-34.7]; P &amp;lt; .001) were significantly lower in treated patients. The all-cause mortality rates per 1000 person-years were also significantly lower in DAA-treated compared with untreated patients (mortality, 36.5 [95% CI, 35.4-37.7] vs 64.7 [95% CI, 63.9-65.4]; P &amp;lt; .001). In multivariable regression analysis, DAA treatment was independently associated with a significant decrease in the risk of liver (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for HCC, 0.73; decompensation, 0.36), nonliver (aHR for diabetes, 0.74; chronic kidney disease, 0.81; cardiovascular disease, 0.90; nonliver cancer, 0.89), and mortality outcomes (aHR, 0.43).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this retrospective cohort study indicate that DAA treatment for insured patients with CHC was associated with improved liver- and nonliver outcomes, and ultimately, with long-term overall survival.
Controlling Threshold and Resistive Switch Functionalities in Ag‐Incorporated Organometallic Halide Perovskites for Memristive Crossbar Array
Authors: Im In Hyuk , Kim Seung Ju , Baek Ji Hyun , Kwak Kyung Ju , Lee Tae Hyung , Yang Jin Wook , Lee Da Eun , Kim Jae Young , Kwon Hee Ryeong , Heo Do Yeon , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites (HPs) can be the effective functional materials for the sneak‐path current issue in the memristive crossbar array. Herein, an efficient strategy is proposed to integrate the HPs‐based bidirectional threshold and bipolar resistive switches (TS and RS). The resistance change characteristics from volatile threshold to nonvolatile resistive switching are modulated by controlling Ag doping concentration in the MAPbI3. HPs provide the diffusive condition and the quantity of Ag regulates the radius of its network. A low amount of Ag contributes to weak network with a short lifetime. However, when the amount of Ag increases, the conductive filament becomes more robust, showing a long lifetime. A MAPbI3:Ag TS with a low Ag content is developed, showing a steep switching slope (1 mV per decade), fast switching speed (< 80 ns), and low off‐current (10 nA). And, a MAPbI3:Ag RS with a high Ag content is developed, showing multilevel storage capability and long retention time (1400 s). Finally, these TS and RS coupled into the 1S‐1R integrated component, resulting the development of the maximum crossbar array size to 1.4 × 1012. This study offers an efficient methodology for tailoring the resistance change characteristics and a promising strategy for practical HPs‐based memristive crossbar application.
Functionalized Collagen/Elastin‐like Polypeptide Hydrogels for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Pal Pallabi , Tucci Michelle A. , Fan Lir‐Wan , Bollavarapu Ratna , Lee Jonathan W. , Salazar Marocho Susana M. , Janorkar Amol V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCritical‐sized cranial bone defects fail to re‐ossify and require the surgical intervention of cranioplasty. To achieve superior bone healing in such cases, a hydrogel consisting of an interpenetrating network of collagen and elastin‐like polypeptide to encapsulate bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), doxycycline, and 45S5 Bioglass is developed. This hydrogel has an appropriate elastic modulus of 39 ± 2.2 kPa to allow proper handling during implantation. The hydrogel promotes human adipose‐derived stem attachment, proliferation, and differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage, including the deposition of hydroxyapatite particles embedded within a collagenous fibrillar structure after 21 days of in vitro culture. After eight weeks of implantation of the acellular hydrogel in a critical‐sized rat cranial defect model, only a small quantity of various pro‐inflammatory (< 20 pg mg−1) and anti‐inflammatory (< 10 pg mg−1) factors in the adjacent cranial tissue is noticed, indicating the overall biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced the presence of new fibrous extracellular matrix and mineral aggregates at the defect site, with calcium/phosphorus ratio of 0.5 and 2.0 by eight and twelve weeks, respectively. Microcomputed tomography (Micro‐CT) and histological analyses showed formation of mature mineralized tissue that bridged with the surrounding bone. Taken together, the acellular composite hydrogel shows great promise for superior bone healing after cranioplasty.
Inverse Design of Energy‐Absorbing Metamaterials by Topology Optimization
Authors: Zeng Qingliang , Duan Shengyu , Zhao Zeang , Wang Panding , Lei Hongshuai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompared with the forward design method through the control of geometric parameters and material types, the inverse design method based on the target stress‐strain curve is helpful for the discovery of new structures. This study proposes an optimization strategy for mechanical metamaterials based on a genetic algorithm and establishes a topology optimization method for energy‐absorbing structures with the desired stress‐strain curves. A series of structural mutation algorithms and design‐domain‐independent mesh generation method are developed to improve the efficiency of finite element analysis and optimization iteration. The algorithm realizes the design of ideal energy‐absorbing structures, which are verified by additive manufacturing and experimental characterization. The error between the stress‐strain curve of the designed structure and the target curve is less than 5%, and the densification strain reaches 0.6. Furthermore, special attention is paid to passive pedestrian protection and occupant protection, and a reasonable solution is given through the design of a multiplatform energy‐absorbing structure. The proposed topology optimization framework provides a new solution path for the elastic‐plastic large deformation problem that is unable to be resolved by using classical gradient algorithms or genetic algorithms, and simplifies the design process of energy‐absorbing mechanical metamaterials.
Wearable E‐Skin Microgrid with Battery‐Based, Self‐Regulated Bioenergy Module for Epidermal Sweat Sensing
Authors: Yin Lu , Sandhu Samar S. , Liu Ruixiao , Khan Muhammad Inam , Wicker Connor , Garcia‐Gradilla Victor , Zhou Jiachi , Chang An‐Yi , Wu Shixuan , Moon Jong‐Min , Chen Chuanrui , Ding Shichao , Wang Joseph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnergy‐autonomous wearable systems and wearable microgrids have been a focus of developing the next‐generation wearable electronics due to their ability to harvest energy and to fully support the sustainable operation of wearable electronics. However, existing bioenergy harvesters require complex and low‐efficiency voltage regulation circuitry and have not achieved reliable extended operation and energy storage. In this work, the first example of integrating sweat lactate biofuel cells with a rechargeable Zn–AgCl battery into a bioenergy module for regulation‐free, high‐efficiency, extended biochemical energy harvesting and storage is demonstrated. The integrated bioenergy module is able to operate at its best efficiency due to their matching operating potentials and is characterized by robust mechanical durability enduring over 1000 cycles of repeated tensile deformation, as well as the outstanding long‐term autonomous operation that harvest 2.9 J of energy overnight from 20 min of exercise without measurable self‐discharge. A fully integrated wearable electronic skin patch, powered by two such bioenergy modules, is developed to wirelessly perform continuous sweat pH, ascorbic acid, and lactate sensing. The presented bioenergy module, adapting the wearable microgrid design considerations, delivers a practical, high‐efficiency, and reliable solution for next‐generation wearable electronics that features compatible form factors, commensurate performance, and complementary characteristics.
Dissection of genotype‐by‐environment interaction and simultaneous selection for grain yield and stability in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Gela Tadesse S. , Khazaei Hamid , Podder Rajib , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing faba bean production is indispensable to supply the growing demand for plant‐based protein on the global scale. A thorough understanding of genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction (GEI) patterns is critical to developing high‐yielding varieties with wider adaptation. Thirteen faba bean genotypes were evaluated in 15 environments during 2019–2020 in western Canada to estimate their yield stability using different stability statistics. The combined analysis of variance and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis revealed that G, E, and GEI effects were highly significant (p < 0.001), indicating differential responses of the genotypes across the environments, enabling the stability analysis. The result of the model comparison found the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) to outperform AMMI models. The BLUP‐based biplot of the weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) stability and mean grain yield (GY) identified AO 1155 (Navi), 1089‐1‐2, 1310‐5, DL Tesoro, and 1239‐1 as high‐yielding and stable genotypes. The correlation analysis revealed that most of the stability parameters had a strong association with GY and with each other, indicating that they should be used in combination with one another to select genotypes with high yield. Overall, the WAASB superiority index and the average sum of ranks of all stability statistics identified the same genotypes in terms of high‐yielding and stability, and genotype AO 1155 is considered the most stable and highest yielding among the tested genotypes. Genotypes with stable yields across environments would be beneficial for faba bean genetic improvement programs globally.
Selecting maize cultivars to regulate canopy structure and light interception for high yield
Authors: Liu Na , Li Lu , Li Haotian , Liu Zimeng , Lu Yang , Shao Liwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnder climate change background, long shady days during the summer maize growing season reduce the yield potential of this crop in the North China Plain. Optimizing the canopy structure can increase light interception to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. The spatial arrangement of each leaf along the stem affects the light interception that was influenced by cultivar characteristics. Field studies were carried out to select cultivars to optimize canopy structure in maize (Zea mays L.). Results indicated that the middle‐upper canopy above the ear and two leaves below the ear position play a more important role than that of the lower canopy below the ear in deciding the final grain yield. The middle‐upper canopy layer had larger leaf photosynthetic potential decided by the larger net photosynthesis rate and leaf area, as compared with the lower canopy. Larger FIPAR (the fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation) and less PAR (the photosynthetically active radiation) observed below the ear position were beneficial for yield improvement. Therefore, optimizing the middle‐upper canopy structure by selecting cultivars to construct an ideotype plant in maize should be adopted for higher grain production.
Prognostic impact of preoperative skeletal muscle change from diagnosis to surgery in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Koki , Abe Yuta , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLoss of skeletal muscle mass is a prognostic factor after surgery for gastrointestinal cancers. The treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) is a highly invasive surgery. Biliary drainage and portal vein embolization, which can prolong the preoperative waiting time (PWT), are often required before surgery. Assuming that the skeletal muscle mass can change during PWT, we investigated the clinical effect of skeletal muscle change on surgical outcomes of PHC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 89 patients who underwent curative surgery for PHC from January 2013 to December 2019. We defined the psoas muscle area (PMA) at the third lumbar vertebra as the skeletal muscle mass. The PMA just before surgery was divided by that at the time of diagnosis, and we defined it as the rate of change of PMA (CPMA). Patients were divided into two groups according to CPMA: wasting (n = 44, below the median CPMA) and no‐change (n = 45, above the median CPMA).ResultsThe median PWT was 63 d, and CPMA was 96.1%. The median recurrence‐free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in the wasting group than in the no‐change group (8.0 vs 33.2 mo, P = 0.001 and 14.2 vs 48.7 mo, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that histological differentiation, R1 resection, lymph node metastasis, and preoperative skeletal muscle wasting were independent prognostic factors of PHC.ConclusionThis study suggests that preoperative skeletal muscle wasting in patients with PHC has a negative effect on survival outcomes.
Maternal stress and hair cortisol among pregnant women following hurricane Florence
Authors: Howells Michaela , Wander Katherine , Rivera Latisha , Arfouni Chahra , Benhelal Ouassila , Galeano M. Alicia Overstreet , Schultz Laura , Flock Naomi , Dancause Kelsey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNatural disasters represent major stressors, resulting in psychological distress and physiological responses such as increased cortisol. During pregnancy, this impacts not only maternal well‐being, but also fetal development. In 2018, Hurricane Florence caused extensive damage across the eastern United States. Studies indicated that compared to married pregnant women, unmarried pregnant women had higher risk of distress. Here we assess hair cortisol among a subsample of participants, and variations based on marital status.MethodsWe analyzed multiple stress measures among 37 participants who were pregnant during Hurricane Florence. We used questionnaires modeled on previous studies to assess hardship associated with the hurricane, psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and food security. We analyzed cortisol concentrations in proximal and distal hair sections, representing stress around the time of the disaster (distal) and 3–4 months following the disaster (proximal). We used linear regression to test relationships between hair cortisol and self‐report stress measures, and variations based on marital status.ResultsSelf‐report measures of distress and hardship were similar among married and unmarried participants. Mean cortisol levels in distal and proximal sections were higher among unmarried participants. Controlling for confounding variables, hardship was not associated with hair cortisol. Distress predicted cortisol in distal sections (β = .482,p = .018), with a trend for proximal sections (β = .368,p = .055). Marital status was a significant predictor of distal (β = .388,p = .027) and proximal (β = .333,p = .047) hair cortisol, explaining 8.6%–11.7% of unique variance.ConclusionsPreexisting and intersecting risk factors likely place unmarried pregnant individuals at risk of stress during and following a disaster.
Achievements, Challenges, and Perspectives on Nitrogen Electrochemistry for Carbon‐Neutral Energy Technologies
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Mukherjee Shreya , O'Carroll Thomas , Hou Yang , Singh Meenesh R. , Gauthier Joseph A. , Wu Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnrestrained anthropogenic activities have severely disrupted the global natural nitrogen cycle, causing numerous energy and environmental issues. Electrocatalytic nitrogen transformation is a feasible and promising strategy for achieving a sustainable nitrogen economy. Synergistically combining multiple nitrogen reactions can realize efficient renewable energy storage and conversion, restore the global nitrogen balance, and remediate environmental crises. Here, we provide a unique aspect to discuss the intriguing nitrogen electrochemistry by linking three essential nitrogen‐containing compounds (i.e., N2, NH3, and NO3−) and integrating four essential electrochemical reactions, i.e., the nitrogen reduction reaction (N2RR), nitrogen oxidation reaction (N2OR), nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), and ammonia oxidation reaction (NH3OR). This minireview also summarizes the acquired knowledge of rational catalyst design and underlying reaction mechanisms for these interlinked nitrogen reactions. We further underscore the associated clean energy technologies and a sustainable nitrogen‐based economy.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of associations between primarily non‐autistic people's characteristics and attitudes toward autistic people
Authors: Kim So Yoon , Song Da‐Yea , Bottema‐Beutel Kristen , Gillespie‐Lynch Kristen , Cage Eilidh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis systematic review includes a narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis of research on the associations between primarily non‐autistic people's characteristics and their attitudes toward autistic people. Of 47 studies included in the narrative synthesis, White undergraduate students were surveyed most frequently. Demographic characteristics were the factors most frequently tested for associations with attitudes, followed by contact‐related factors (i.e., quantity and quality), knowledge about autism, trait and personality factors, and other factors that did not fit into a single category. Internal consistency was not reported for some instruments assessing raters' characteristics; some instruments had alpha levels lower than 0.70, and many characteristics of raters were measured using one‐item measures. Moreover, theoretical motivations for investigating the raters' characteristics were rarely provided. A total of 36 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, which showed that attitudes toward autistic people were significantly associated with participants' gender, knowledge about autism, and quality and quantity of their previous contact with autistic people, but not with their age or autistic traits. These findings indicate a need for more studies that focus on context‐related characteristics (e.g., institutional variables such as support/commitment to inclusion), use reliable instruments to measure non‐autistic people's characteristics, and situate their investigation in a theoretical framework.
Differentially expressed messenger RNA/proteins can distinguish teratoma from necrosis in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection tissue
Authors: Nestler Tim , Kremer Lara , von Brandenstein Melanie , Wittersheim Maike , Paffenholz Pia , Wagener‐Ryczek Svenja , Quaas Alexander , Hellmich Martin , Müller Stefan , Pfister David , Odenthal Margarete , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBefore postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (pcRPLND), in patients with metastasized germ cell tumors (GCTs), those harboring necrosis (NEC) cannot be distinguished from those who have teratoma (TER), resulting in relevant overtreatment, whereas microRNA‐371a‐3p may be predictive for viable GCT. The purpose of this study was to explore messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins to distinguish TER from NEC in pcRPLND tissue.MethodsThe discovery cohort consisted in total of 48 patients, including 16 each with TER, viable GCT, and NEC. Representative areas were microdissected. A NanoString panel and proteomics were used to analyze 770 genes and >5000 proteins. The most significantly and differentially expressed combination of both parameters, mRNA and its associated protein, between TER and NEC was validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent validation cohort comprising 66 patients who were not part of the discovery cohort.ResultsThe authors observed that anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2) and keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 (KRT19) were significantly differentially expressed in TER versus NEC in mRNA and protein analyses (proteomics). The technical validation using IHC was successful in the same patients. These proteins were further validated by IHC in the independent patient cohort and exhibited significantly higher levels in TER versus NEC (p < .0001; area under the curve, 1.0; sensitivity and specificity, 100% each).ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that KRT19 and AGR2 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in TER versus NEC in pcRPLND tissue and might serve as a future diagnostic target to detect TER, for instance, by functional imaging, to avoid overtreatment.Plain language summary

The proteins and the corresponding genes called AGR2 and KRT19 can differentiate between teratoma and necrosis in remaining tumor masses after chemotherapy in patients who have metastasized testicular cancer.

This may be a way to improve presurgical diagnostics and to reduce the current overtreatment of patients with necrosis only, who could be treated sufficiently by surveillance.