bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hizbullah di Lebanon: Aktualisasi Gerakan Agama Berkedok Politik di Masa Kini
Authors: Syafiatul Umma  , Irfan Fadilah  , Slamet Muliono Redjosari  
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the long history of the Hezbollah organizational movement from its initial formation which was still in the form of military-based movements based on jihad to transforming into a political movement based on idealism-democratization. Until Hezbollah finally became an influential political force in Lebanon. This paper also contains the author's analysis of the changes that were originally Hizbullah a community organization based on a strong Shia understanding of the breath of the resistance which later became an organization that could enter and win elections and occupy strategic positions in the Lebanese government.

Keyword: Hezbollah, Religious, Political
Impelementasi Pembisaan Membaca Juz Amma Untuk Membentuk Karakter Religius Peserta Didik
Authors: Ikrom Fahmi Ikrom , Syamsul Arifin  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan keringnya karakter religius pada kalangan remaja yang disebabkan oleh pesatnya perkembangan teknologi saeperti sekarang ini yang berdampak kepada kalangan remaja mereka lebih senang bermain gadget, dampaknya para remaja kurang terampil dalam membaca Al-Qur’an, bahkan ada minoritas dari mereka yang belum bisa membaca Al-Qur’an dengan baik dab benar sesuai kaidah tajwid. Sebagai upaya membentuk karakter religius peserta didik di pada zaman sekarang ini, MA AL-kholafiyah melaksanakan pembiasann membaca Juz Amma. Adapun fokus penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui implementasi pembiasaan membaca Juz Amma untuk membentuk karakter religius peserta didik di MA Al-Kholafiyah, faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya serta bagaimana implikasinya. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis data berupa pemaparan tentang situasi yang diteliti dan disajikan dalam bentuk uraian naratif. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.
De ‘disposable army’ van georganiseerde misdaadgroepen
Authors: Sergi Anna 
Published: February 2022

The ‘disposable army’ of ‘higher’ organized crime groups. Understanding relationships and resilience in the underworld
This article considers the concept of ‘disposable army’ as a recent addition to the agendas of some policing units countering organized crime in the Western world. The idea of a disposable army comes from counterterrorism and national security languages, but it also echoes studies on disposable youth, their delinquency and vulnerability. The author sketches the main lines of arguments on both the securitisation of organized crime and the vulnerability of disadvantaged and disposable children and young people. Also, she reflects on the concept of disposable army in organized crime by presenting starting observations for a research agenda on this subject and by pointing out how unpacking this concept, and its implications, indeed means to understand how relationships, values, and resilience work in the so-called ‘underworld’.
Gewikt en gewogen: de vergoeding van advocaatkosten (530 Sv)
Authors: Demandt K.M.G. , Janssen C.A.M. 
Published: February 2022

Gewikt en gewogen: de vergoeding van advocaatkosten (530 Sv) – Over de verhouding tussen de vergoeding van kosten van rechtsbijstand ex artikel 530, tweede lid, Sv en de onschuldpresumptie
De gewezen verdachte moet na een vrijspraak of sepot vaak nogmaals de strijd aangaan. Dit keer om onder andere zijn advocaatkosten vergoed te krijgen. De strafrechter toetst in kostenvergoedingsprocedures of gronden van billijkheid aanwezig zijn om een schadevergoeding toe te kennen. Deze billijkheidstoets lijkt echter steeds vaker uit te monden in een meer inhoudelijke beoordeling van de strafzaak, hetgeen haaks staat op de eerdere vrijspraak of het eerdere sepot. Om duidelijk te maken dat de gehanteerde billijkheidsmaatstaven (in bepaalde gevallen) op gespannen voet staan met de onschuldpresumptie, toetsen wij in dit artikel aan de uitgangspunten van het EHRM. Volgens ons is het tijd voor een meer marginale toetsing waarbij billijkheid inderdaad de boventoon voert.
De compliancemonitor als transactievoorwaarde: heeft de Nederlandse wetgever geleerd van de ervaringen in de Verenigde Staten?
Authors: Braam I.M. , Bottse K.T. , Lamp R.M.I. 
Published: February 2022

De compliancemonitor als transactievoorwaarde: heeft de Nederlandse wetgever geleerd van de ervaringen in de Verenigde Staten?
Het conceptwetsvoorstel naar aanleiding van de evaluatie van de Wet OM-afdoening introduceert de mogelijkheid voor het Openbaar Ministerie om bij een transactie als voorwaarde het naleven van aanwijzingen in het kader van gedragstoezicht gericht op compliancebeleid op te leggen. In de bijbehorende memorie van toelichting wordt verduidelijkt dat hierbij onder meer aan de aanstelling van een compliancemonitor kan worden gedacht. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht in hoeverre het conceptwetsvoorstel op dit punt aansluit bij internationale ontwikkelingen, specifiek de ervaringen die in de Verenigde Staten – een voorloper op dit gebied – met de compliancemonitor zijn opgedaan.
CBb haalt streep door bestuurlijke boete voor verboden nevenactiviteiten pensioenfonds: verbodsnorm onvoldoende kenbaar
Authors: Mein A.G. 
Published: February 2022

CBb haalt streep door bestuurlijke boete voor verboden nevenactiviteiten pensioenfonds: verbodsnorm onvoldoende kenbaar – Annotatie bij CBb 26 oktober 2021, ECLI:NL:CBB:2021:960
Het CBb heeft het beroep gegrond verklaard tegen het besluit van DNB om een boete op te leggen aan twee bestuurders van een pensioenfonds wegens overtreding van het verbod voor pensioenfondsen om nevenactiviteiten te verrichten (artikel 116 Pensioenwet). Het pensioenfonds zou zich te veel als een onderneming hebben gedragen en daardoor zijn afgedwaald van zijn (wettelijke) kerntaken. De boete is volgens het CBb opgelegd in strijd met het kenbaarheidsvereiste uit artikel 7 EVRM. Het pensioenfonds kon, in de gegeven omstandigheden en gelet op de wetsgeschiedenis, op voorhand niet weten dat het het verbod op het verrichten van nevenactiviteiten had overtreden.
The Intermittent Fasting Revolution
Authors: Mattson Mark P. 
Published: February 2022

How intermittent fasting can enhance resilience, improve mental and physical performance, and protect against aging and disease.
Most of us eat three meals a day with a smattering of snacks because we think that's the normal, healthy way to eat. This book shows why that's not the case. The human body and brain evolved to function well in environments where food could be obtained only intermittently. When we look at the eating patterns of our distant ancestors, we can see that an intermittent fasting eating pattern is normal—and eating three meals a day is not. In The Intermittent Fasting Revolution, prominent neuroscientist Mark Mattson shows that intermittent fasting is not only normal but also good for us; it can enhance our ability to cope with stress by making cells more resilient. It also improves mental and physical performance and protects against aging and disease.

Intermittent fasting is not the latest fad diet; it doesn't dictate food choice or quantity. It doesn't make money for the pharmaceutical, processed food, or health care industries. Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that includes frequent periods of time with little or negligible amounts of food. It is often accompanied by weight loss, but, Mattson says, studies show that its remarkable beneficial effects cannot be accounted for by weight loss alone.
Mattson—whose pioneering research uncovered the ways that the brain responds to fasting and exercise—explains how thriving while fasting became an evolutionary adaptation. He describes the specific ways that intermittent fasting slows aging; reduces the risk of diseases, including obesity, Alzheimer's, and diabetes; and improves both brain and body performance. He also offers practical advice on adopting an intermittent fasting eating pattern as well as information for parents and physicians.
Inequality
Authors: Lalueza-Fox Carles 
Published: February 2022

How genomics reveals deep histories of inequality, going back many thousands of years.
Inequality is an urgent global concern, with pundits, politicians, academics, and best-selling books all taking up its causes and consequences. In Inequality, Carles Lalueza-Fox offers an entirely new perspective on the subject, examining the genetic marks left by inequality on humans throughout history. Lalueza-Fox describes genetic studies, made possible by novel DNA sequencing technologies, that reveal layers of inequality in past societies, manifested in patterns of migration, social structures, and funerary practices. Through their DNA, ancient skeletons have much to tell us, yielding anonymous stories of inequality, bias, and suffering.
Lalueza-Fox, a leader in paleogenomics, offers the deep history of inequality. He explores the ancestral shifts associated with migration and describes the gender bias unearthed in these migrations—the brutal sexual asymmetries, for example, between male European explorers and the women of Latin America that are revealed by DNA analysis. He considers social structures, and the evidence that high social standing was inherited—the ancient world was not a meritocracy. He untangles social and genetic factors to consider whether wealth is an advantage in reproduction, showing why we are more likely to be descended from a king than a peasant. And he explores the effects of ancient inequality on the human gene pool. Marshaling a range of evidence, Lalueza-Fox shows that understanding past inequalities is key to understanding present ones.
Micropropagation of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and comparison of phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity between pokeweed callus and other parts
Authors: Trunjaruen Attachai , Luecha Prathan , Taratima Worasitikulya 
Published: February 2022

Background
Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) is regarded as an invasive plant in many parts of the world but possesses therapeutic characteristics used for antitumor and rheumatism treatment. This study investigated the effects of auxins and four explants on pokeweed callus induction. The effects of cytokinins and combinations between cytokinins and NAA on shoot and root induction were also studied. TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of calli were screened and compared with other pokeweed plant parts.

Methods
Four explants were used to induce callus using 2,4-D and IBA at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l for each auxin. Direct shoot organogenesis from nodal explants was investigated using BAP, kinetin and TDZ (1, 2 and 4 mg/l for each cytokinin). Combined effects between cytokinins and NAA at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l were further simultaneously estimated with root induction. Calli derived from the leaves were compared with other plant parts for TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3 colorimetric assay and DPPH assays, respectively.

Results
Results showed that MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D induced callus formation on leaf explants that provided highest fresh and dry weights. Three types of synthetic cytokinins as kinetin, TDZ and BAP were used for direct shoot organogenesis from pokeweed nodes. MS medium containing 2 mg/l kinetin was effective in stimulating normal shoots, with the largest number of shoots and leaves and the longest shoots. The combination between cytokinins and NAA showed no positive effect on shoot and root induction from pokeweed nodal explants. For TPC and TFC determination, pokeweed seeds and leaves possessed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Highest phenolic content of pokeweed seeds led to lowest IC50 by DPPH assay. Phenolic content was higher than flavonoid content.

Conclusion
Results suggested promising conditions for callus induction. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and nodal explants cultured on MS medium with 2 mg/l kinetin provided the largest number of normal shoots and leaves. NAA did not show positive effects on shoot and root induction when combined with cytokinins. Chemical constituent screening indicated that seeds and leaves provided highest TPC and TFC, respectively, while pokeweed calli contained higher phenolic than flavonoid content. This is the first report describing chemical constituent screening and antioxidant activity of calli and other parts of the pokeweed plant. Results provided significant information to further enhance bioactive compound contents of pokeweed calli using elicitation methods.
Bilateral Long Standing Exudative Retinal Detachment in Coat's Disease
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Coat's disease presents with an exudative retinal detachment at an early age. However, bilateral involvement is uncommon. We present a case with bilateral long standing retinal detachment (RD) in Coat's disease.

Methods:
An 18 years old male having progressive diminution of vision from last six years had visual acuity of logmar 1.77 and 1.47 in the right eye (RE) and left eye (LE) respectively with poorly dilating pupils in both eyes. He did not have any systemic abnormality. We did a detailed fundus examination along with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and OCT.

Result:
The fundus examination showed subretinal exudates with demarcation line above long standing infero-temporal RD in RE. The LE had a self-settled RD with an atrophic temporal retina having macrocysts. There was no proliferative vireo-retinopathy (PVR) in either eye. The fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed leaks at the exudates in RE and leak at the optic disc in LE. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed RD in RE and self-settled RD with subretinal exudate in LE.

Conclusion:
The manuscript shows a bilateral long-standing exudative RD in Coat's disease with associated features like subretinal exudates showing leaks in angiography, demarcation line, macrocysts, retinal atrophy with underlying choroidal flush, absence of PVR and self-settlement of RD.
The Importance of Monoterpenes in the Antibacterial Activity of Osteophloeum platyspermum Essential Oils
Authors: De Sousa Sinária R. N. , S. Silva Jefferson de , Paciencia Mateus L. B. , Frana Sergio A. , C. Díaz Ingrit E. , Suffredini Ivana B. 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To evaluate antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils (EO’s) obtained from Osteophloeum platyspermum (ucuuba-chico-de-assis; Myristicaceae) fresh leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, MCF-7 breast, and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines.
Study Design: Thirteen EO's were submitted to antibacterial and cytotoxicity assays that included 18 compounds commonly present in the EO's. The relationship between the EO's biological activities and the dry (DS) or rainy (RS) seasonal variation was accessed using the relative percentage of the terpenes.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at the Center for Research in Biodiversity (Microbiology Laboratory and Cell Culture Laboratory), Paulista University. Biological activity assessment was conducted between October/2016 and November 2019).
Methodology: Thirteen essential oils were obtained from the leaves of O. platyspermum and were previously chemically characterized. From the analyses, 18 terpenes were determined to commonly occur in the 13 EO's. Microdilution broth and cytotoxicity assays were performed to obtain minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and 50% (EC50) effective concentrations for the cytotoxicity assays. Data from the 18 terpenes were submitted to two-way ANOVA, cluster (CA), principal component (PCA), canonical correspondence analyses (CCA), and one-sample t-test. The relationship between the biological activities of EO's and seasonal variability (dry season, DS, or rainy season, RS) was assessed. One sample t-test was performed to verify the potency of the cytotoxic effects of EO’s.
Results: Previously, 18 terpenes were identified in all the 13 EO’s. From those, α-terpineol, limonene, myrcene, linalool, and terpinen-4-ol were relevant to the ordination of the DS EO set, while spathulenol, α-pinene, β-pinene, isospathulenol, α-cadinene, ledol, cubenol-1-epi, neo-intermedeol, elemol, β-elemene, γ-elemene and viridiflorol were relevant to the ordination of the RS EO set. The biological activities were more related to the EO’s collected in the RS than those in the DS. Also, biological activities were shown to be related to the occurrence of limonene, myrcene, elemol, β-pinene, α-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol.
Conclusions: Although the presence of the 18 terpenes is necessary to maintain the species adaptability to the environment, the occurrence of limonene, myrcene, elemol, β-pinene, α-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol had a significant role in the effective expression of the biological activity of EO’s from O. platyspermum, particularly those that occur during the rainy season, in the Amazon rain forest.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus sciuri Isolated from Apparently Healthy and Hospitalized Patients in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunfolakan O. O. , O. A. Olowe , Taiwo S. S. , Daramola G. O. , Bamigboye B. T. , Egbebi A. H. , Okunlola A. T. , Olaniyan A. M. 
Published: February 2022

The emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics on daily basis has become a major global challenge. The increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients due to emergence of unique community-associated strains has become a great problem in Nigeria in particular and the entire world in general. In this study, a total of four hundred (400) clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital (FETHI), Ido-Ekiti and from apparently healthy individuals from both communities. Standard bacteriological procedures were employed to isolate and identify these organisms. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify S. aureus nuc gene, as well as mecA and aac resistance genes. Seventy seven (19.3%) S. aureus isolates were phenotypically identified; 43 (21.5%) hospital-associated (23 from EKSUTH and 20 from FETHI) and 34 (17.0%) community-associated (27 from Ado-Ekiti and 7 from Ido-Ekiti communities). No S. sciuri was phenotypically isolated in both locations. Fifty five (71.4 %) of the 77 S. aureus isolates were nuc gene positive, while 11 (20%) of the 55 isolates were mecA gene positive, implying that they were MRSA. Of the 11 isolates, 6 (19.4%) were hospital-associated MRSA while 5 (20.8 %) were community-associated MRSA. Phenotypic resistance of S. aureus to cefoxitin in the two locations ranged between 77.8 – 100%, but 80% of cefoxitin-resistant nuc gene positive S. aureus lacked mecA gene. S. aureus isolates exhibited high phenotypic resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and fusidic acid but susceptible to clindamycin and gentamycin. The prevalence of clinical MRSA infection of 20% in this study is relatively high. However, there was 0% prevalence of S. sciuri colonization. Cefoxitin disc test demonstrated low specificity as a phenotypic marker of methicillin resistance.There is need to institute control measures for MRSA infections and colonization in this environment.
Assessment of Nutritional Status among Male and Female Undergraduate Students of Saveetha Dental College
Authors: Raj M. Preethi , Priya A. Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri 
Published: February 2022

A rational way of nourishment, combined with adequate physical activity, are the basic components of maintaining proper body condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate nutritional status among male and female undergraduate students of Saveetha dental college. A cross sectional survey of different questions, dietary patterns was conducted with a sample of 184 students (I, II, III, IV, and V students). Survey was conducted via google form through random sampling to identify undernutrition in the sample. Questionnaires were based on dietary health patterns and nutritional status in day to day life. The sample size for this study is about 184 participants and at the end of the survey, all the data were collected and analysed by using IBM SPSS software. The results obtained was the majority of the students are at normal weight and the scores met optimal levels. This suggests good quality and quantity of diet.
Colossal Barocaloric Effect in Carboranes as a Performance Tradeoff
Authors: Zhang Kun , Song Ruiqi , Qi Ji , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Zhao , Yu Chenyang , Li Kuo , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe discovery of colossal barocaloric effects in organic plastic crystals has significantly advanced the development of solid‐state refrigerant techniques. Adapting to the real application, a tradeoff of various barocaloric performances has to be achieved. Here, it is reported a novel plastic crystal system, that is, carboranes (C2B10H12), including three positional isomers: ortho‐carborane, meta‐carborane, and para‐carborane, which are characterized by C2v, C2v, D5d point groups, respectively. They all undergo an orthorhombic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition around room temperature. Compared to the previously reported organic plastic crystals, this system exhibits a combination of large pressure‐normalized entropy changes, the high‐pressure sensitivity of the transition temperature, small thermal hysteresis, and so forth. Their barocaloric performances are positional‐isomerism dependent, and the best performances are obtained in para‐carborane with maximum entropy changes of about 106.2 J kg−1 K−1 achieved under pressure changes below 30 MPa. This study not only suggests that carboranes would be a considerably promising working material for barocaloric refrigeration at room temperature but also indicates that delicate tuning of molecular isomerism is an effective strategy to enhance barocaloric performances.
Superlubricity Enabled by Load‐Driven Redistribution of Electrons
Authors: Cheng Ziwen , Sun Junhui , Zhang Bozhao , Lu Zhibin , Ma Fei , He Qi‐Chang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy first‐principles calculations, it is shown that the friction at solid‐solid interfaces between 2D nanomaterials (TDNMs), such as h‐BN and graphene, can be reduced nearly to zero even if the normal load is smaller than 5 GPa. The quantitative analysis of interfacial charge density demonstrates a detailed process in which the pressure‐driven redistribution of electrons alters interlayer coupling of TDNMs and that reveals the electronic‐scale mechanism of pressure‐tunable lateral sliding at 2D commensurable interfaces. The shift of interlayer interaction results in sliding potential energy surface (PES) from a corrugated state to a flattened one and, eventually, to a counter‐corrugated one as the load increases. The flattened PES at new critical load implies the absence of any energy dissipation during interfacial sliding, i.e., the occurrence of superlubricity during interfacial sliding. These results also give rise to a quantitative model for the load‐dependent behavior of nano‐friction and promote the critical condition of the low‐pressure‐induced superlubricity to an experimentally feasible range.