bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents
Authors: Kliesener Tobias , Meigen Christof , Kiess Wieland , Poulain Tanja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
European studies on determinants and factors associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) in children and adolescents are still sparse. This study reports the current amount of PSU symptoms and the presence of (clinically relevant) PSU in German children and adolescents. We also investigated associations between socio-demographic factors, different smartphone usage patterns, and daily smartphone usage time and the amount of PSU symptoms in this group. In addition, associations of PSU symptoms and high smartphone usage times (> 2 h/day) with behavioural problems, quality of life (QoL), and school performance were investigated.

Methods
Within the framework of the LIFE Child study, 564 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years provided information on PSU symptoms (using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale), daily smartphone usage time, smartphone activities, behavioural strengths and difficulties (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), QoL (using the KIDSCREEN-27), and school performance. Multiple regression analyses were applied to assess associations.

Results
In the present sample, PSU was present in 13 children (2.3%). Older age, female gender, high daily smartphone usage time of > 2 h, and intensive smartphone use for social networking, gaming, or watching video clips were significantly associated with more PSU symptoms. Children and adolescents reporting more PSU symptoms also showed lower QoL, more behavioural difficulties, and poorer school performance, independently of age, gender, socio-economic status, and daily smartphone usage time. In contrast, daily smartphone usage time per se showed only weak or non-significant associations with these aspects of health and behaviour.

Conclusion
Intensive smartphone use for entertainment may increase the risk of developing PSU symptoms. Furthermore, the results indicate that PSU symptoms (more than long smartphone usage times per se) are associated with more behavioural difficulties and poorer QoL.
Psychiatry’s role in the prevention of post-intensive care mental health impairment: stakeholder survey
Authors: Bieber Ewa D. , Philbrick Kemuel L. , Shapiro Jenna B. , Karnatovskaia Lioudmila V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Many critical illness survivors experience new or worsening mental health impairments. Psychiatry consultation services can provide a critical role in identifying, addressing, and preventing mental health challenges during and after admission to the acute medical care setting. However, psychiatry involvement in the ICU setting is lower than in other hospital settings and the conventional process in many hospitals requires other care providers to request consultation by psychiatry. Despite these differences, no studies have sought ICU provider perspectives on psychiatry consultation’s current and desired role. We aimed to obtain stakeholder feedback on psychiatry’s current and desired roles in the ICU, and potential benefits and drawbacks of increasing psychiatry’s presence.

Methods
A web-based survey obtained perspectives from 373 critical care physicians and advance practice providers, bedside nurses, physical and occupational therapists, pharmacists, and consultation-liaison psychiatry physicians and advance practice providers at a tertiary care center using multiple choice and open-ended questions. Descriptive information and content analysis of qualitative data provided information on stakeholder perspectives.

Results
Psychiatry’s primary current role was seen as assistance with management of mental health issues (38%) and suicide risk assessments (23%). 46% wished for psychiatry’s increased involvement in the ICU. Perceived benefits of increased psychiatry presence in the ICU included early psychological support in parallel with medical care, identification of psychiatric factors impacting treatment, and facilitation of family understanding of the patient’s mental state/delirium. An additional perceived benefit included reduction in provider burnout through processing difficult situations and decreasing family psychological distress. However, one concern included potential conflict among providers regarding treatment.

Conclusions
Those who work closely with the critically ill patients think that increased psychological support in the ICU would be beneficial. By contrast, psychiatry’s current involvement is seen to be limited, perhaps driven by varying perceptions of what psychiatry’s role is or should be.
The MAastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability – Italian version (MAISE-IT): a validation study
Authors: Picco Eleonora , Houkes Inge , De Rijk Angelique , Miglioretti Massimo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Governments and employers aim to promote sustainable employability (SE) in aging societies. In the Netherlands, an instrument for capturing the employee perspective on SE, the MAastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability (MAISE-NL), has recently been developed. This study seeks to validate the Italian version of the MAISE (MAISE-IT).

Methods
The MAISE-IT (a translated and culturally adapted version of the MAISE for the Italian population), the Work-Health Balance questionnaire and a demographic survey (age, gender, education, and occupational activity) were completed online by 455 respondents (328 public administration workers and 127 respondents recruited from social networks). Construct and criterion validity were tested by CFA; reliability, correlational analyses and subgroup differences with ANOVAs.

Results
The CFA analysis revealed that the MAISE-IT consists of 12 scales distributed in four areas: (1) Meaning of SE; (2) Level and Factors affecting SE; (3) Overall responsibility for SE; and (4) Responsibility for factors affecting SE. Construct and criterion validity and reliability were good. Italian workers reported a moderately high level of SE. They regarded employers to be somewhat more responsible for SE than employees.

Conclusions
This study showed the validity of the MAISE-IT in the Italian context. The MAISE-IT is valuable for tapping employees’ needs in order to develop SE interventions tailored to the employee perspective.
Association between total and leisure time physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke – a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Hummel Madeleine , Hantikainen Essi , Adami Hans-Olov , Ye Weimin , Bellocco Rino , Bonn Stephanie Erika , Lagerros Ylva Trolle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear if total and leisure time activity have different impact on the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. In this cohort, we aimed to investigate the associations between both total and leisure time physical activity in detail, and the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke, both overall and for men and women separately.

Methods
We assessed the association between total and leisure time physical activity on the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in a cohort of 31,580 men and women through record linkages from 1997–2016. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on detailed self-reported physical activity. In the adjusted analyses, we included age, sex, body mass index, level of education, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, lipid disturbance and hypertension as potential confounders.

Results
We identified 1,621 incident cases of myocardial infarction and 1,879 of stroke. Among men, there was an inverse association between leisure time activity and myocardial infarction in the third tertile compared to the first (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98; p for trend = 0.03). We also found an inverse association between leisure time activity and stroke in the third tertile compared to the first (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61–0.99; p for trend = 0.04), while the corresponding HR for stroke among women was 0.91; 95% CI: 0.74–1.13. We found no significant association between total physical activity and MI (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.93–1.34) or stroke (HR: 1.14 95% CI: 0.94–1.39) comparing the highest to the lowest tertile in men. Women in the highest tertile of total physical activity had a 22% lower risk of myocardial infarction compared to the lowest tertile (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63–0.97; p for trend = 0.02) and an 8% (95% CI: 0.87–0.98) reduced risk of myocardial infarction with each 1 METh/day increase of leisure time physical activity.

Conclusion
Total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction in women, while leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in men.
Sleep and energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaldenbach Siri , Leonhardt Marja , Lien Lars , Bjærtnes Asborg A. , Strand Tor A. , Holten-Andersen Mads N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents are recommended to get 8–10 h of sleep at night, yet more than 80% fail to obtain this goal. Energy drink (ED) consumption has been linked to later bedtime in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between ED consumption and sleep duration, and shuteye latency among adolescents in Norway.MethodsThis study was based on data from 15- to 16-year-old adolescents living in Oppland County in 2017. In total, 1353 adolescents were included in the analysis. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the associations between the frequency of ED consumption with sleep duration, shuteye latency, and getting 8 h of sleep.ResultsForty-six point five percent of the adolescents reported sleeping more than 8 h at night. Those who reported ED consumption at any frequency had significantly shorter sleep duration than those who did not. On average, high consumers of ED (consuming ED ≥ 4 times a week) had 0.95 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.28) hours (i.e., 57 min) less sleep than those who never consumed ED. In addition, high consumers had more than 25 min (95% CI: 13.95, 36.92) longer shuteye period than those who never consumed ED.ConclusionMost ED consumers fail to obtain the recommended 8 h of sleep at night, which could be a consequence of shorter sleep duration and longer shuteye latency. We found a dose-response relationship between frequency of ED consumption and reduced sleep. Yet, the potential long-term effects of both ED consumption and insufficient sleep among adolescents remain unclear.
Does anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction increase venous thromboembolism risk compared with knee meniscectomy under arthroscopy?
Authors: Pang Long , Li Pengcheng , Li Hui , Tang Xin , Zhu Jing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study compared the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) between meniscectomy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) under arthroscopy and assessed whether ACLR increases the VTE risk compared with meniscectomy.

Methods
A retrospective study of prospectively collected clinical data, including data on 436 patients ranging in age from 18 to 60 years who underwent ACLR or meniscectomy surgery, was performed between October 2018 and October 2019 in our hospital. All patients underwent routine VTE screening by venous ultrasonography in postoperative week 2 and then clinical follow-up at 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery. The incidence of VTE was calculated, and clinical factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, concomitant procedure, Caprini score, and duration of tourniquet use were evaluated in relation to the risk factors for VTE.

Results
A total of 320 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR or meniscectomy were available for analysis. Of these patients, 130 (40.6%) underwent ACLR, and 190 (59.4%) underwent meniscectomy. No cases of pulmonary embolism (PE) or femoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were reported in either group. Fourteen patients (10.8%) developed VTE in the ACLR group compared with 10 (5.3%) in the meniscectomy group, with no significant difference (p = 0.066). Among these patients, 4 (3.1%) patients in the ACL reconstruction group and 2 (1.1%) patients in the meniscectomy group had DVT confirmed by Doppler ultrasound (p > 0.05). ACLR, age, and BMI (OR = 3.129; 1.061; 1.435) tended to increase the risk of VTE, but the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.056, 0.059, 0.054).

Conclusions
The incidence of VTE after ACLR and meniscectomy within 6 weeks post-surgery was 10.8 and 5.3%, respectively. ACLR, age, and BMI had a tendency to increase the risk of VTE.
Preiser disease in a child before complete ossification of the scaphoid: a case report
Authors: Fujibuchi Taketsugu , Imai Hiroshi , Jono Akihiro , Kiyomatsu Hiroshi , Miura Hiromasa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The pathology of Preiser disease remains controversial, and treatment for Preiser disease has not yet been standardised. Preiser disease itself is rare, and although it can be found in children, its presentation is even rarer; therefore, the treatment of paediatric patients with Preiser disease is more unclear than adult cases.

Case presentation
A 10-year-old boy who complained of left wrist pain was diagnosed with Preiser disease from osteosclerosis and segmentation on plain radiography and computed tomography, and low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images on magnetic resonance imaging. Because the patient was a child whose scaphoid was immature and pre-ossified, we chose a conservative immobilisation treatment with a thumb spica cast followed by an orthosis. After 3 months of immobilisation, the distal pole of the scaphoid showed remodelling. One year after the initial visit, plain radiography showed remodelling of the whole scaphoid, although magnetic resonance T1-weighted image showed that the recovery of intensity change was only observed in the distal pole. Two years after the initial visit, both plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a normal appearance and 5 years after the initial visit; the scaphoid bone showed normal development.

Conclusions
This is the first case report of Preiser disease before complete ossification of the scaphoid; therefore, we cannot say anything definitive about the treatment strategy. However, our experience suggests that conservative treatment may provide a cure for Preiser disease in children with immature ossification of the scaphoid without carpal collapse.
Comparison of two clinical approaches based on visual criteria for secondary caries assessments and treatment decisions in permanent posterior teeth
Authors: Signori Cacia ,   CaCIA collaborative group, Queiroz Ana Beatriz L. , Avila Alessandra B. , Souza Bruna O. , Signori Cácia , Dias Camila R. , Becker Camila T. , Chaves Eduardo T. , Malhão Eugênia C. , Oliveira Elenara F. , Uehara Juliana L. S. , Silva Fernanda G. , Silva Fernanda S. , L.Kucharski Gabriel V. , Santos Gabriele R. , Torres Julia M. , Pinto Karoline V. A. , Morel Laura L. , Weymar Leonardo B. , Brod Marcelo P. , Gamborgi Maria Fernanda , Cenci Maximiliano S. , Posser Renata U. , Vieira Thaís S. , Romero Vitor Henrique Digmayer , Nolasco Wagner S. , Leal Wagner M. S. , Uehara Juliana Lays Stolfo , Romero Vitor Henrique Digmayer , Moro Bruna Lorena Pereira , Braga Mariana Minatel , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This cross-sectional study aimed to compare two clinical approaches based on visual criteria for secondary caries assessments and treatment decisions in permanent posterior teeth.

Methods
The two clinical visual criteria tested for the assessments of restored teeth were: FDI criteria—based on the caries presence, marginal adaptation and staining criteria, adapted from the FDI (International Dental Federation) criteria and CARS criteria—"Caries Associated with Restorations or Sealants" (CARS) criteria described by the International Caries Classification and Management System. Adults were randomized according to the criteria. One calibrated examiner assessed the restorations and assigned the treatment according to the criteria. The primary outcome was replacement indication.

Results
A total of 185 patients were included, totalling 718 restorations. The strongest correlation founded between the methods was for the presence of caries lesions (Rho = 0.829). A moderate correlation (Rho = 0.420) was founded between the treatment decisions proposed by the CARS and by the FDI criteria. The multilevel regression analysis showed that the FDI criteria indicated five times more replacements when compared to the CARS (< 0.001). Also, using the FDI criteria restorations were 2.7 times more related to caries around restorations (p < 0.001) compared to the other criterion.

Conclusions
The visual criteria used on the restoration's assessment directly influences the treatment decision to intervene or not on the restoration. The use of a minimally invasive based approach for assessing secondary caries may prevent overtreatment.
Viewpoint changes of medical sciences graduates in evaluating the performance of faculty members: a qualitative study
Authors: Azizi Hanieh , Beheshid Mozhgan , Gholipour Kamal , Aslan-Abadi Saeed , Azadifar Ali , Alizadeh Mahasti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to identify which dimensions of faculty members’ evaluation criteria changed from the viewpoint of students after their graduation, and to determine the effective factors in changing their viewpoints.

Methods
This study was carried out through the qualitative approach and with conventional content analysis method. The target population included all graduates who accomplished their job duty and had a working experience of 2-4 years. A purposive sampling technique with maximum variation used to recruit and interview. Twenty-eight in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TBZMED), Iran. The data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
The data analysis led to the development of two themes and 8 categories. The two types of changes in the viewpoint that were experienced by graduates in evaluating the performance of faculty members were: individual and environmental. Individual factors included the responsibility of graduates, social maturity, personal experience, intellectual maturity, understanding the causes of teachers’ behaviors, and understanding the importance of evaluation. The environmental factors were applicability of learning experiences in the work environment and workplace conditions.

Conclusion
From the perspective of graduates, the importance of some evaluation criteria in the educational, professional, and personal dimensions changed over their study period due to some factors, such as personal experience, experiences in the work environment, workplace conditions, and intellectual maturity.
Perspectives on returning individual and aggregate genomic research results to study participants and communities in Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Kisiangani Isaac , Mohamed Shukri F. , Kyobutungi Catherine , Tindana Paulina , Ghansah Anita , Ramsay Michele , Asiki Gershim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA fundamental ethical challenge in conducting genomics research is the question of what and how individual level genetic findings and aggregate genomic results should be conveyed to research participants and communities. This is within the context of minimal guidance, policies, and experiences, particularly in Africa. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders' on returning genomics research results to participants in Kenya.MethodsThis qualitative study involved focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 69 stakeholders. The purposively selected participants, included research ethics committee (REC) members (8), community members (44), community resource persons (8), and researchers (9). A semi-structured interview guide was used to facilitate discussions. Six FGDs and twenty-five (IDIs) were conducted among the different stakeholders. The issues explored in the interviews included: (1) views on returning results, (2) kind of results to be returned, (3) value of returning results to participants, and (4) challenges anticipated in returning results to participants and communities. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in Nvivo 12 pro. Thematic and content analysis was conducted.ResultsParticipants agreed on the importance of returning genomic results either as individual or aggregate results. The most cited reasons for returning of genomic results included recognizing participants' contribution to research, encouraging participation in future research, and increasing the awareness of scientific progress. Other aspects on how genomic research results should be shared included sharing easy to understand results in the shortest time possible and maintaining confidentiality when sharing sensitive results.ConclusionsThis study identified key stakeholders’ perspectives on returning genomic results at the individual and community levels in two urban informal settlements of Nairobi. The majority of the participants expect to receive feedback about their genomic results, and it is an obligation for researchers to see how to best fulfil it.
Enhancing patient and public contribution in health outcome selection during clinical guideline development: an ethnographic study
Authors: Biggane Alice M. , Young Bridget , Williamson Paula R. , Whittingham Erin , Cooper Jessie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is a cornerstone in enhancing healthcare research and delivery, including clinical guideline development. Health outcomes concern changes in the health status of an individual or population that are attributable to an intervention. Discussion of relevant health outcomes impacts the resulting clinical guidelines for practice. This study explores how the input of PPI contributors at the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is integrated into guideline development, particularly in relation to health outcome selection.

Methods
The study used an ethnographic methodological approach. Data comprised: observations of committee meetings, scoping workshops and training sessions, and in-depth interviews with PPI contributors, health professionals and chairs from clinical guideline development committees. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
PPI contributors’ input in the guideline development process was often of limited scope, particularly in selecting health outcomes. Key constraints on their input included: the technical content and language of guidelines, assumed differences in the health-related priorities between PPI contributors and health professionals, and the linear timeline of the guideline development process. However, PPI contributors can influence clinical guideline development including the selection of relevant health outcomes. This was achieved through several factors and highlights the important role of the committee chair, the importance of training and support for all committee members, the use of plain language and the opportunity for all committee members to engage.

Conclusions
Lay member input during the outcome selection phase of clinical guideline development is achievable, but there are challenges to overcome. Study findings identify ways that future guideline developers can support meaningful lay involvement in guideline development and health outcome selection.