bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ag‐Refined Kesterite in Superstrate Solar Cell Configuration with 9.7% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Wang Yongjie , Taghipour Nima , Peng Lucheng , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThin‐film photovoltaic materials offer a sustainable solution to the current environmental and energy challenges, among which kesterite or Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 is of particular interest due to its earth‐abundant, non‐toxic nature, and realization of rapid efficiency improvement in earlier 2010s. In contrast to the majority of research on kesterite solar cells that relies on the substrate configuration, this study is pioneering in applying superstrate configuration to tackle the surface incompatibility challenges as well as the use of Cd‐based buffer layers encountered in the substrate configuration – issues that act as barriers in the deployment of this photovoltaic technology. By applying a Ag‐refining step on an ultrathin (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 with TiO2 buffer layer, a Cd‐free superstrate kesterite solar cell with efficiency of 9.7% – a record high efficiency in its class is reported. This refining step is crucial in increasing the ratio of Ag/(Cu+Ag) to 40%–60%, overcoming the limit of 35% set by efficient substrate devices. The promoted grain growth and improved charge transport kinetics (i.e., enhanced lifetime/extraction and reduced trap states) ultimately contribute to the boost of performance. Critical device/semiconductor characteristics reveal a majorly depleted absorber but with high density of back surface defects identified as the main limiting factor in device performance.
Scalable Robust Superamphiphobic Coatings Enabled by Self‐Similar Structure, Protective Micro‐Skeleton, and Adhesive for Practical Anti‐Icing of High‐Voltage Transmission Tower
Authors: Wei Jinfei , Li Bucheng , Tian Ning , Zhang Jiaojiao , Liang Weidong , Zhang Junping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuperamphiphobic coatings have wide application prospects in various fields, but suffer from low mechanical robustness. Although some strategies have been reported to solve the issue, it is still challenging for large‐scale preparation of robust superamphiphobic coatings via facile approaches. Here, a universal preparation method of mechanically robust superamphiphobic coatings by spraying a suspension containing silica nanoparticles decorated with perfluorodecyl polysiloxane and adhesive microparticles on various substrates have been reported. Phase separation of the adhesive avoids embedding of the nanoparticles in the adhesive by forming the nanoparticles@microparticles structure and meanwhile generates a reentrant tri‐tier hierachical micro‐/micro‐/nanostructure. Phase separation determines micromorphology, chemical composition, superamphiphobicity, and mechanical robustness of the coatings. Consequently, the coatings show excellent static and dynamic superamphiphobicity. Moreover, the coatings show excellent mechanical robustness because of the combined effects of the self‐similar structure, protective micro‐skeleton, and adhesive. Furthermore, scalable preparation of the suspension and the superamphiphobic coatings have been achieved. The coatings can significantly delay the water freezing time and thus show good passive anti‐icing performance on the 1000 kV high‐voltage transmission tower. It is believed that the robust superamphiphobic coatings have great application potential, as the method is simple and scalable.
Large Room Temperature Anomalous Transverse Thermoelectric Effect in Kagome Antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Ochs Andrew M. , Guin Satya N. , Samanta Kartik , Noky Jonathan , Shekhar Chandra , Vergniory Maia G. , Goldberger Joshua E. , Felser Claudia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKagome magnets possess several novel nontrivial topological features owing to the strong correlation between topology and magnetism that extends to their applications in the field of thermoelectricity. Conventional thermoelectric (TE) devices use the Seebeck effect to convert heat into electrical energy. In contrast, transverse thermoelectric devices based on the Nernst effect are attracting recent attention due to their unique transverse geometry, which uses a single material to eliminate the need for a multitude of electrical connections compared to conventional TE devices. Here, a large anomalous transverse thermoelectric effect of ≈2 µV K−1 at room temperature in a kagome antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6 single crystal is obtained. The obtained value is larger than that of state‐of‐the‐art canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials and comparable with ferromagnetic systems. The large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) can be attributed to the net Berry curvature near the Fermi level. Furthermore, the ANE of the AFM YMn6Sn6 exceeds the magnetization scaling relationship of conventional ferromagnets. The results clearly illustrate that AFM material YMn6Sn6 is an ideal topological material for room‐temperature transverse thermoelectric applications.
Enhanced Bending Resistance and Efficiency of Flexible PSCs Derived from Self‐Healing and Passivation Double Function of a Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Lei Yue , Li Haimin , Liu Xingchong , Wang Hanyu , Ni Yafei , Gong Xiaoli , Zou Wenjing , Tang Yanling , Liu Shuqian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) show promising applications because of their lightweight and flexible properties. However, f‐PSCs still suffer from low efficiencies and poor stabilities. Here, vinyl tri (2‐methoxyethoxy) silane (VTMES) is introduced between perovskite and hole transport layer. The oxydic silane coupling agent effectively suppresses PbI2 formation in perovskite by forming PbO bonding, which greatly improves perovskite phase. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results demonstrate that p‐type doping is formed in the modified device, which effectively inhibits carrier recombination. The silane coupling agent plays double role in the devices. On one hand, it greatly improves the bending resistance of f‐PSCs due to its excellent self‐healing properties, on the other hand, it obviously suppresses defects and restrains carrier recombination of the devices by facilitating perovskite grain growth. As a result, f‐PSCs with a champion efficiency of 17.01% increased from 15.28% are achieved with high reproducibility. Meanwhile, f‐PSCs present robust bending resistance. Optimal modified devices can maintain 92% of their initial efficiency after 3000 bending cycles, while the control one can only remain 55%. This work paves a new path for f‐PSCs to improve photovoltaic properties and bending resistance by oxydic silane coupling agents.
Rational Construction of Self‐Standing Layered Polyhedral Co3O4/CoS2 Heterostructure Materials Boosting Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Jing Shuang , Zhao Chunyan , Zhang Xiaojie , Kong Shuo , Lan Xiong , Ma Zhenping , Feng Hui , Gong Wenbin , Tian Konghu , Li Qiulong , Feng Yongbao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing demands of electric vehicles and portable electronics have stimulated enhanced investigations on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high capacity, increased rate capability, and long cycle stability. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are regarded as the most promising anode materials for LIBs due to their higher theoretical capacity. However, the low conductivity and poor rate‐capability of the TMOs have seriously restricted their further development in the LIBs. Herein, layered polyhedral cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/cobalt disulifde (CoS2) with heterostructure is directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) via a facile hydrothermal method and one‐step sulfuration process for use as an anode. The heterostructures can effectively enhance the charge transfer capability due to the interfacial effect between Co3O4 and CoS2. Due to the decrease of the diffusion barrier on the nanocrystalline surface, the electrical conductivity of the material is significantly increased, the ionic diffusion resistance is significantly reduced, and the interface electron transfer increases. The Co3O4/CoS2//CC can deliver a high capacity (1545.8 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and outstanding cycling life (493 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles). This method provides a new idea and choice for the application of heterogeneous anode materials for LIBs.
Adipocyte‐Derived Exosomal MTTP Suppresses Ferroptosis and Promotes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiumo , Deng Ting , Zhang Hongdian , Zuo Duo , Zhu Qihang , Bai Ming , Liu Rui , Ning Tao , Zhang Le , Yu Zhentao , Zhang Haiyang , Ba Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron dependency and is associated with the chemoresistance of tumors. Here, it is shown that adipose‐derived exosomes reduce ferroptosis susceptibility in CRC, thus promoting chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. It is found that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression is increased in the plasma exosomes of CRC patients with a high body fat ratio, serving as an inhibitor of ferroptosis and reducing sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the MTTP/proline‐rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) complex inhibited zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 expression and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT, leading to a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio and lipid ROS levels. Moreover, experiments are carried out in organoids, and a tumor implantation model is established in obese mice, demonstrating that the inhibition of MTTP increases the sensitivity to chemotherapy. The results reveal a novel intracellular signaling pathway mediated by adipose‐derived exosomes and suggest that treatments targeting secreted MTTP might reverse oxaliplatin resistance in CRC.
Food safety, reputation, and regulation
Authors: Bovay John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the empirical economics literature on food safety, reputation, and regulation. Producers have strong private incentives to provide safe food, largely related to reputation, especially the negative demand effects seen in response to food‐safety problems. Mandatory disclosure of information about food safety can change demand and improve safety outcomes. Private incentives led producers and marketers to adopt private and collective standards for produce safety prior to the implementation of similar government regulations in the United States. Private and collective standards and government regulations all have distributional effects. The article concludes with some policy suggestions informed by the literature.
Sexual dimorphism and biomechanical loading in occipital bone morphological variation
Authors: Hoover Kara C. , Thomas Geoffrey P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe explore the contribution of biological sex and biomechanical activity from subsistence to occipital bone variation. Previous studies have used occipital bone traits to determine biological sex and identify ancestry to differing degrees of success. Biomechanical stress from variation in subsistence and gender‐based divisions of labor could perhaps explain some of the noise in the signal for these grouping variables. To explore this possibility, we used metric (foramen magnum length and breadth, external occipital protuberance depth, lambda‐inion length, bicondylar breadth) and nonmetric traits (general occipital form, presence of a nuchal crest, and nuchal line count). We collected original data and mined published data for our analysis using skeletal collections of Native American hunter‐gatherers and horticulturalists, a historic military site, and contemporary study collections. We find that the foramen magnum area exhibits sexual dimorphism and is not influenced by subsistence, but the accuracy of sex estimation is only 71%, suggesting the chance of being correct at slightly more than two‐thirds. All traits exhibited sex‐based variation but only bicondylar breadth and lambda‐inion metrics exhibited subsistence‐based variation. Given the limited amount of variance explained by either sex or sex and subsistence, biomechanics may still play a role but not from the influence of subsistence practices in these datasets. Additional data from a wider array of skeletal samples, perhaps with known occupation, is warranted if we are to understand how occipital variation is shaped.
On the Reconstruction of the Scalar Mode of GW170817 in Scalar‐Tensor Gravity Theory
Authors: Gushima Yuya , Hayama Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn general metric theory of gravity, a gravitational wave is allowed to have up to six polarizations: two scalar and two vector modes in addition to tensor modes. In case the number of laser‐interferometric gravitational wave telescopes is larger than the number of polarizations of a gravitational wave, all the polarizations can be individually reconstructed. Since it depends on theories of gravity which polarizations the gravitational waves have, the investigation of polarizations is important for the test of theories of gravity. In order to test the scalar–tensor gravity theory, one of important alternative theories of gravity, the scalar mode of GW170817 observed by LIGO Livingstone, Hanford and Virgo is reconstructed without prior information about any tensor–scalar gravity theories. The upper limit of the scalar mode in term of the band‐limited root‐sum‐square of the amplitude is with the time window of 2 [s] and frequency window of ≈60–120 [Hz]. It is also studied how much the tensor modes are leaked into the reconstructed scalar mode, and it is found that the reconstructed scalar mode contains roughly 30% of energy leaked from the tensor modes.
Quality characteristics and volatile compounds of oil extracted from njangsa seed
Authors: Arrey Immaculate T. , Wyatt Victor T. , Nguyen Anh , Jones Kerby , Asare‐Okai Papa Nii , Tawiah Nii Adjetey , Ozbay Gulnihal , Besong Samuel A. , Aryee Alberta N. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnconventional and underutilized plant oils are increasing popular and helping to meet demand for food, health and other industrial application. In recent years, the search for alternative sources that deliver healthful benefits, low‐environmental impact and ethical responsibility have become a priority to both scientists and industry. Oil from njangsa seed (Ricinodendron heudelotti) was recovered using four selected enzymes—hemicellulase, protease, pectinase, and amylase in an enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction (EAE) and the recovery, quality indices and fatty acid composition was compared to solvent extraction using hexane (HE). Njangsa seed oil (NSO) recovered from the EAE ranged between 29 and 36% and were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than HE (46%), and the quality indices (free fatty acid, peroxide, para‐anisidine, and thiobarbituric acid values) were consistently lower and better than HE‐NSO. The fatty acid profile of EAE‐NSO was qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to HE‐NSO, with differences among the enzymes used. Alpha‐eleostearic acid was the most abundant fatty acid and was consistently ca 41% among the samples. Among the volatile compounds analyzed on the polar and nonpolar columns, 13 (2 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, and 2 esters) were detected in EAE‐NSO using hemicellulase, and 35 (4 aldehydes, 1 ester, and 30 hydrocarbons) in HE‐NSO. The most abundant flavor compounds identified were pentanal, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, 3‐methylpentane, (E,E)‐2,4‐nonadienal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, hexanal, 1‐butanol, and butanal. This study suggests that the amount, quality, and content of oil and volatile compounds in NSO can be influenced by the choice of extractant.
Synthesis of new copolyimides containing pyridine and morpholine groups for gas separation through molecular design and simulation
Authors: Ni Jing , Niu Hongchao , Lai Shiqing , Liu Chanjuan , Zhou Li , Wang Lichun , Huang Xiaohua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThrough one‐step copolymerization of 4‐(4‐[1‐morpholinyl]phenyl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)pyridine (MPAP), 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), and (4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), a series of polyimides containing morpholine group, pyridine ring, fluorene “cardo” pendant and hexafluoroisopropyl group are obtained. The synthesized polyimides have good thermal stability, high transparency, outstanding hydrophobicity and excellent solubility in not only high‐boiling solvents but also low boiling‐point solvents. Furthermore, polyimide films have large molecular chain spacing, which is consistent with the free volume calculated by molecular simulation. Consequently, polyimide membranes display better gas permeability values of CO2 (up to 24.47 Barrer) and He (up to 45.04 Barrer), and good ideal gas selectivity values of CO2/N2 (up to 15.33 Barrer) and He/N2 (up to 23.89 Barrer), which also shows potential application of polyimide matrix materials in gas separation.
Optimization of process parameters for the preparation of continuous glass fiber‐reinforced Nylon 6 composites by vacuum bagging process
Authors: Dong Xianwen , Chen Ke , Xue Ping , Cui Yonghui , Jia Mingyin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVacuum bagging (VB) technology has become an important method for low‐cost preparation of advanced composites materials. In this work, continuous glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide‐6 (GF/PA‐6) composites were successfully manufactured bt VB process, utilizing the anionic polymerization of caprolactam (a monomer of PA‐6). The effects of vacuum pressure, curing temperature, curing time on the monomer conversion, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by the self‐made experimental platform. The results indicated that the number of fiber layers affected the properties of products by affecting the thickness of composites. Vacuum pressure mainly affected the impregnation process of resin on fiber, and the product performance was the best at 1 bar. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites reached the highest when the curing temperature was 150°C and the curing time was 90 min, which were 273.92 MPa and 14.04 GPa respectively, while the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was highest at 170°C, up to 42.73 MPa.
Chemically bonded PA‐PTFE‐oil compounds by reactive processing: Chemical, thermal, morphological, and mechanical analysis
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duong , Schmidt Thomas , Meißner Till , Malanin Mikhail , Uhlig Kai , Schlenstedt Kornelia , Schwarz Simona , Stommel Markus , Voit Brigitte , Gedan‐Smolka Michaela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, the novel materials based on polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and olefinic oil molecules are produced as a solid lubricant in metal‐plastic sliding contacts or sacrificial elements in metal–metal sliding contacts. For these applications, high durability of the compound material combined with low wear is required for long‐term use under high friction and mechanical loads. Earlier studies of IPF have shown that chemical bonding between the polymer matrix and the solid lubricant is mandatory to meet these requirements. For this purpose, the compounds are fabricated by a novel two‐step reactive processing procedure based on radiation‐modified PTFE, which exhibits reactive‐functional groups (COOH) and persistent perfluoroalkyl‐(peroxy)‐radicals (COO·). The PA‐PTFE‐oil‐cb compound materials (cb: chemically bonded) are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) concerning breaking down behavior and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy with regards to the chemical covalent bonding state between the three components. Results of scanning electron microscopy investigations in correlation with DSC show that chemical bonding between PA and PTFE‐oil‐cb leads to a homogeneous distribution of solid lubricant particles in the three various PA matrices. Due to the chemical coupling, the compounds offer almost comparable or improved mechanical properties in the case of toughness compared to non‐modified PA.
Risk of osteoporosis in testicular germ cell tumour survivors: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vrouwe Josephina P. M. , Hennus Pauline M. L. , Hamdy Neveen A. T. , Osanto Susanne , Willemse Peter‐Paul M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContextTesticular germ cell tumour (TGCT) survivors are potentially at risk of developing osteoporosis, because of increased risk for disturbed bone remodelling associated with hypogonadism and anti‐cancer treatment. A number of studies show bone loss and increased fracture risk in TGCT survivors, but data are scarce. There are no clinical guidelines or recommendations issued to address skeletal health in this group of patients potentially at high risk for osteoporosis.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of available literature addressing bone health in TGCT patients. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify risk factors for bone loss and increased fracture risk.Evidence AcquisitionRelevant databases, including MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, including all English written comparative studies addressing bone health in TGCT patients, were searched up to December 2021 and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane ROBINS‐I tool.Evidence SynthesisTen studies (eight cross‐sectional and two longitudinal), recruiting a total of 1997 unique TGCT patients, were identified and included in the analysis. Bone health was reported in various ways in different studies, and subgroups were defined heterogeneously, resulting in a widely varying prevalence of osteoporosis of up to 73.2% of patients. Six studies reported low BMD associated with higher luteinizing hormone levels and one study showed a correlation between follow up duration and bone loss.ConclusionsTGCT survivors are at risk of developing osteoporosis and sustaining fragility fractures. Chemotherapy, pituitary‐gonadal axis dysfunction and ageing are key risk factors, although available data are scarce. With increasing survival of TGCT patients, a clear unmet need has been identified to systematically evaluate and monitor skeletal health in larger numbers of survivors in order to develop best clinical practice guidelines to manage the insidious but potentially preventable and treatable skeletal complications of TGCT.