bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward telemedicine among urban and rural residents
Authors: Tipre Meghan , Scarinci Isabel C , Pandya Vishruti N , Kim Young-il , Bae Sejong , Peral Sylvia , Hardy Claudia , Baskin Monica L 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Adoption of telemedicine by healthcare facilities has dramatically increased since the start of coronavirus pandemic; yet, major differences exist in universal acceptance of telemedicine across different population groups. The goal of this study was to examine population-based factors associated with current and/or future use of telemedicine in Alabama. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to 532 participants online or by phone, in four urban and eight rural counties in Alabama. Data were collected on: demographics, health insurance coverage, medical history, access to technology, and its use in accessing healthcare services. Generalized logit regression models were used to estimate the odds of choosing “virtual visit” and “phone communication” compared to “in-person visit” for the preferred choice of visit with the healthcare provider; as well as odds for willingness to participate in “virtual visit” in the future. Results Our study sample had a mean age of 43 (±15) years, 72.9% women, 45.9% Black or African American; 59.4% population living in an urban county. The odds of “phone communication” were higher compared to the odds of “in-person visit”, with a unit increase in age (odds ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.03), after adjusting for other covariates. Among participants with past experience of virtual communications, the odds for choosing “virtual visit” were significantly higher compared to choice of in-person visit (odds ratio for virtual visit: 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.01–5.18), adjusted for other covariates. Further, people with college or more education were 71% less likely to choose “No” compared to those with high school or lower general education development education for future virtual visit [odds ratio for college or more: 0.29, 95% confodence interval: 0.10–0.87). Likewise, participants residing in rural counties were 57% less likely to choose “No” compared to urban counties for future virtual visit (odds ratio for rural participants: 0.43, 95% confidence interval:0.19–0.97) Discussion Our study found notable differences in age, education, and rurality for use and/or preference for telemedicine. Medical institutions and healthcare providers will need to account for these differences to ensure that the implementation of telemedicine does not exacerbate existing health disparities.
The effectiveness of telerehabilitation in patients after total knee replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tsang Mei Po , Man Gene Chi Wai , Xin He , Chong Yau Chun , Ong Michael Tim-Yun , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang 
Published: May 2022

Background Total knee replacement is a commonly adopted surgical intervention to reduce physical limitations and pain in advanced-stage knee osteoarthritis. However, these patients may experience physical dysfunction to limit their access during conventional rehabilitation after total knee replacement. The use of telemedicine may be the promising solution. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation with conventional in-person rehabilitation in patients who underwent a total knee replacement. Methods For this systematic review on randomized controlled trials, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and CINAHL databases were searched for eligible articles published between 1 January 2003 and 28 February 2022. The eligibility criteria were patients who underwent total knee replacement, randomized controlled trials and publications in English. The main outcome measures were focused on pain and physical function. Reference lists of relevant studies were also manually checked to find additional studies. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection separately. PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials. A meta-analysis was performed on the collected data. Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3) was used for all analyses. Results A total of 11 studies met the eligibility criteria and included 1825 participants in the systematic review. Overall, the results revealed that the effectiveness of telerehabilitation is comparable to conventional in-person rehabilitation in improving various pain and functional outcomes in patients who underwent a total knee replacement. In the meta-analysis with the fixed-effects model, no significant difference was found in the improvement of pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared with conventional rehabilitation (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)  –0.15, 95% CI  −0.47 to 0.16, P = 0.34 and SMD –0.04, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.12, P = 0.62, respectively). In addition, the utilization of hospital resources and costs were significantly lower in telerehabilitation when compared with in-person rehabilitation. Conclusion Telerehabilitation was comparable to conventional in-person rehabilitation in improving clinical outcomes following total knee replacement. However, it might be a more preferable alternative rehabilitation intervention for patients following total knee replacement given the significantly lower cost of telerehabilitation.
Understanding lifetime and dispersion of cough-emitted droplets in air
Authors: Lordly Kai , Kober Leya , Jadidi Mehdi , Antoun Sylvie , Dworkin Seth B , Karataş Ahmet E 
Published: May 2022

To understand the exact transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and to explore effects of time, space and indoor environment on the dynamics of droplets and aerosols, rigorous testing and observation must be conducted. In the current work, the spatial and temporal dispersions of aerosol droplets from a simulated cough were comprehensively examined over a long duration (70 min). An artificial cough generator was constructed to generate reliably repeatable respiratory ejecta. The measurements were performed at different locations in front (along the axial direction and off-axis) and behind the source in a sealed experimental enclosure. Aerosols of 0.3–10 µm (around 20% of the maximum nuclei count) were shown to persist for a very long time in a still environment, and this has a substantial implication for airborne disease transmission. The experiments demonstrated that a ventilation system could reduce the total aerosol volume and the droplet lifetime significantly. To explain the experimental observations in more detail and to understand the droplet in-air behaviour at various ambient temperatures and relative humidity, numerical simulations were performed using the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The simulations show that many of the small droplets remain suspended in the air over time instead of falling to the ground.
Special Issue: Women of Color and Leadership Journal: Advances in Developing Human Resources Expanding Our Voices? A Review of Human Resource Development Literature on Women of Color Leaders Over the Last Decade
Authors: Sims Dr. Cynthia 
Published: May 2022

Problem In 2009, a collective of African American (Black) women challenged race-neutral and gendered perspectives of leadership in a Special Issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources. Since that date, other women of color have added cultural perspectives that have expanded the need to revisit a problem that has rendered invisibility and silence to this group of leaders. Solution Women of color in positions of leadership have learned through historical and cultural experience how to strategically navigate organizational and institutional barriers by leading authentically. More significantly, they have learned how to balance status and place and to recognize that place defines their leadership reality. Stakeholders Human Resource Development (HRD) scholars and researchers who study leadership. HRD practitioners, organizational leaders, and others who are responsible for leadership development programs that are inclusive. Women of color leaders.
Mechanical thrombectomy in anterior vs. posterior circulation stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adusumilli Gautam , Pederson John M , Hardy Nicole , Kallmes Kevin M , Hutchison Kristen , Kobeissi Hassan , Heiferman Daniel M , Heit Jeremy J 
Published: May 2022

Background High-quality evidence exists for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation (AC-LVO). The evidence for MT treatment of posterior circulation large vessel occlusion (PC-LVO) is weaker, largely drawn from lower quality studies specific to PC-LVO and extrapolated from findings in AC-LVO, and ambiguous with regards to technical success. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the technical success and functional outcomes of MT in PC-LVO versus AC-LVO patients. Methods We identified comparative studies reporting on patients treated with MT in AC-LVO versus PC-LVO. The primary outcome of interest was thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) ≥ 2b. Secondary outcomes included rates of TICI 3, 90-day functional independence, first-pass-effect, average number of passes, and 90-day mortality. A separate random effects model was fit for each outcome measure. Results Twenty studies with 12,911 patients, 11,299 (87.5%) in the AC-LVO arm and 1612 (12.5%) in the PC-LVO arm, were included. AC-LVO and PC-LVO patients had comparable rates of successful recanalization [OR = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.79–1.33], p = 0.848). However, the AC-LVO group had greater odds of 90-day functional independence (OR = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.00; 1.59], p = 0.050) and lower odds of 90-day mortality (OR = 0.58 [95% CI: 0.43; 0.79], p = 0.002). Conclusions MT achieves similar rates of recanalization with a similar safety profile in PC-LVO and AC-LVO patients. Patients with PC-LVO are less likely to achieve functional independence after MT. Future studies should identify PC-LVO patients who are likely to achieve favourable functional outcomes.
The use of social media and virtual opportunities by integrated vascular surgery residency programs during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: LaGrone Ryan B , Singh Nikhi P , Nocera Alex P , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Novak Zdenek , Beck Adam W , Sutzko Danielle C 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the 2021 match application cycle as in person sub-internships and interviews have been halted. Given the abrupt change, we aimed to characterize the utilization of social media and virtual open house platforms by integrated vascular surgery residency programs for outreach and networking during the pandemic for the 2021 cycle. Methods A list of accredited integrated vascular surgery residency programs was compiled using the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) website provided by the Academic Medical Colleges (AMC). The social media platforms Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook were queried for accounts associated with the training programs or their associated institutional vascular surgery divisions. Each discovered account was surveyed for date of creation as well as posts outlining virtual interactive events such as open houses, meet-and-greets, and virtual sub-internship opportunities. Slopes of the curves representing total account numbers and account numbers on each platform were compared from pre-COVID to current day using linear regression and t-statistics. Results There were 64 integrated vascular surgery residency programs participating in the 2021 match cycle. 70.3% ( N = 45) of programs had a social media presence on at least one of the three platforms. 54.7% ( N = 35) of programs had an associated Twitter account. 43.9% ( N = 28) of programs had an associated Instagram account. Six (9.4%) programs were found on Facebook. The number of social media accounts significantly increased from March 2020 (37 vs 69, p < .001) to March 2021. Conclusions Vascular surgery residency programs have significantly increased use of social media platforms over a 12-month period beginning in March 2020, indicating adaptation to the restrictions prompted by the pandemic.
A surgical method to be reminded for the treatment of symptomatic ipsilateral central venous occlusions in patients with hemodialysis access: Axillo-axillary venous bypass case report and review of the literature
Authors: Meric Mert , Oztas Didem Melis , Cakir Mehmet Semih , Ulukan Mustafa Ozer , Sayin Omer Ali , Kilickesmez Ozgur , Erdinc Ibrahim , Rodoplu Orhan , Oteyaka Emre , Ugurlucan Murat 
Published: May 2022

Background In this case report, we present two chronic hemodialysis patients with upper extremity swelling due to central venous occlusions together with their clinical presentation, surgical management and brief review of the literature. Methods The first patient who was a 63-year-old female patient with a history of multiple bilateral arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) was referred to our clinic. Physical examination demonstrated a functioning right brachio-cephalic AVF, with severe edema of the right arm, dilated venous collaterals, facial edema, and unilateral breast enlargement. In her history, multiple ipsilateral subclavian venous catheterizations were present for sustaining temporary hemodialysis access. The second patient was a 47-year-old male with a history of failed renal transplant, CABG surgery, multiple AV fistula procedures from both extremities, leg amputation caused by peripheral arterial disease, and decreased myocardial functions. He was receiving 3/7 hemodialysis and admitted to our clinic with right arm edema, accompanied by pain, stiffness, and skin hyperpigmentation symptoms ipsilateral to a functioning brachio-basilic AVF. He was not able to flex his arms, elbow, or wrist due to severe edema. Results Venography revealed right subclavian vein stenosis with patent contralateral central veins in the first patient. She underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) twice with subsequent re-occlusions. After failed attempts of PTA, the patient was scheduled for axillo-axillary venous bypass in order to preserve the AV access function. In second patient, venography revealed right subclavian vein occlusion caused secondary to the subclavian venous catheters. Previous attempts for percutaneously crossing the chronic subclavian lesion failed multiple times by different centers. Hence, the patient was scheduled for axillo-axillary venous bypass surgery. Conclusion In case of chronic venous occlusions, endovascular procedures may be ineffective. Since preserving the vascular access function is crucial in this particular patient population, venous bypass procedures should be kept in mind as an alternative for central venous reconstruction, before deciding on ligation and relocation of the AVF.
Assessment of microcirculatory changes in local tissue oxygenation after revascularization for peripheral arterial disease with the Hyperview®, a portable hyperspectral imaging device
Authors: van Schilt Kaz L. J. , Hollander Evert-Jan F. , Koelemay Mark J. , van Geloven Anna A. W. , Olthof Dominique C. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The Hyperview® is a hyperspectral camera, which can be used to assess the microcirculation of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). It measures local tissue oxygenation in concentrations of oxyhemoblobin (OXY), deoxyhemoglobin (DEOXY), and O2-saturation (O2-SAT) in arbitrary units. The aim of this validation study is to assess whether the Hyperview® is able to monitor microcirculatory changes after revascularization in patients with PAD. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 50 patients with PAD were included who were scheduled for endovascular, hybrid, or open revascularization. The ankle-brachial index (ABI), systolic toe pressure (TP) (in case of DM), and a set of Hyperview® measurements of the plantar region were recorded before and after treatment. Changes in pre- and postoperative measurements were assessed with the paired t-test. Results Some 38 patients underwent endovascular revascularization and eight patients underwent hybrid or open vascular surgical revascularization. After revascularization, the ABI improved from 0.58 to 0.80 ( p < 0.001). OXY increased from 72.6 to 77.8 ( p = 0.134). DEOXY decreased from 69.1 to 55.0 ( p < 0.001). O2-SAT increased from 51.3 to 58.1 ( p < 0.001). TP improved from 50.6 to 61.9 mmHg ( p = 0.065) but was measured in only 16 patients. Conclusion The Hyperview® is able to observe changes in the microcirculation after revascularization in terms of DEOXY and O2-SAT. The results of this study are a promising step into the validation of the Hyperview®.
Combining factorial and multi-arm multi-stage platform designs to evaluate multiple interventions efficiently
Authors: White Ian R , Choodari-Oskooei Babak , Sydes Matthew R , Kahan Brennan C , McCabe Leanne , Turkova Anna , Esmail Hanif , Gibb Diana M , Ford Deborah 
Published: May 2022

Background Factorial designs and multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) platform designs have many advantages, but the practical advantages and disadvantages of combining the two designs have not been explored. Methods We propose practical methods for a combined design within the platform trial paradigm where some interventions are not expected to interact and could be given together. Results We describe the combined design and suggest diagrams that can be used to represent it. Many properties are common both to standard factorial designs, including the need to consider interactions between interventions and the impact of intervention efficacy on power of other comparisons, and to standard multi-arm multi-stage designs, including the need to pre-specify procedures for starting and stopping intervention comparisons. We also identify some specific features of the factorial-MAMS design: timing of interim and final analyses should be determined by calendar time or total observed events; some non-factorial modifications may be useful; eligibility criteria should be broad enough to include any patient eligible for any part of the randomisation; stratified randomisation may conveniently be performed sequentially; and analysis requires special care to use only concurrent controls. Conclusion A combined factorial-MAMS design can combine the efficiencies of factorial trials and multi-arm multi-stage platform trials. It allows us to address multiple research questions under one protocol and to test multiple new treatment options, which is particularly important when facing a new emergent infection such as COVID-19.
Timing is everything: The importance of patient-reported outcome assessment frequency when characterizing symptomatic adverse events
Authors: King-Kallimanis Bellinda L , Bhatnagar Vishal , Horodniceanu Erica G , Chen Ting-Yu , Kluetz Paul G 
Published: May 2022

Objective Although patient-reported symptoms and side effects are increasingly measured in cancer clinical trials, an appropriate assessment frequency has not yet been established. To determine whether differences in assessment frequency affect the apparent incidence and severity of patient-reported symptoms using two well-established patient-reported outcome measures used within the same clinical trial. Methods We examined patient-reported outcome results from AURA3 (NCT02151981), a randomized open-label study comparing Tagrisso (osimertinib) with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with previously treated estimated glomerular filtration rate/T790M mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The outcome of interest was the proportion of patients in each arm that reported worsening of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, and appetite loss from baseline measured using the patient-reported outcome—common terminology criteria for adverse event (weekly) or European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (every 6 weeks). Results Similar trends were observed for all six symptoms investigated. Using nausea in the chemotherapy arm as an example, 76% of patients reported any worsening from baseline based on weekly patient-reported outcome—common terminology criteria for adverse event assessments. When using an every 6-week assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 nausea and restricting analysis to an every 6-week assessment for patient-reported outcome—common terminology criteria for adverse event nausea, the proportion of chemotherapy arm patients reporting any worsening of nausea was 40% for both measures. Across the six patient-reported symptomatic adverse events, we observed differential proportions when comparing frequent versus sparse assessment. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates that more frequent assessment of patient-reported symptomatic adverse events will lead to improved detection, and therefore a more complete understanding of the tolerability of experimental anti-cancer therapies.
Risk factors for reoperation after flexor tendon repair: a registry study
Authors: Svingen Jonas , Wiig Monica , Turesson Christina , Farnebo Simon , Arner Marianne 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for reoperations after Zones 1 and 2 flexor tendon repairs. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors from data collected via the Swedish national health care registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). The studied potential risk factors were age and gender, socio-economics and surgical techniques. Included were 1372 patients with injuries to 1585 fingers and follow-up of at least 12 months (median 37 IQR 27–56). Tendon ruptures occurred in 80 fingers and tenolysis was required in 76 fingers. Variables that affected the risk of rupture were age >25 years ( p < 0.001), flexor pollicis longus tendon injuries ( p < 0.001) and being male ( p = 0.004). Injury to both finger flexors had an effect on both rupture ( p = 0.005) and tenolysis ( p < 0.001). Understanding the risk factors may provide important guidance both to surgeons and therapists when treating patients with flexor tendon injuries. Level of evidence: III.