bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Just little tricks’: an exploration of treating children in pain
Authors: Downs Simon , Mold Freda , Carey Nicola 
Published: August 2022

Background: Pain is one of the commonest symptoms in patients of all ages presenting to ambulance services. Children in pain make up a relatively small proportion of the number of those attended by prehospital care and pain management is needed in only 40% of cases. This might go some way to explain why the management of paediatric pain is perceived to be poor. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the experiences of UK paramedics in treating children in pain. Methods: A phenomenological study was undertaken using a purposeful sample of UK paramedics (n=12) to explore their experiences and decision-making during the treatment of children in pain. Results: Five themes became apparent through analysis—preparation and education; adaptation and change of approach; organisational and legal factors; support and guidance; familial and carer impact—with some crossover between themes noted. Conclusion: Clinicians are aware of multimodal techniques for managing pain in children but are often less confident in the use of pharmacological than non-pharmacological management methods. Advances in the use of technology in practice have enabled clinicians to use alternative measures to manage children in pain. However, while using these methods, practitioners lack confidence that they are meeting social expectations of their roles.
Clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in China
Authors: Li Zongren , Zhong Qin , Li Wenyuan , Zhang Dawei , Wang Wenjun , Yang Feifei , He Kunlun 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To examine the clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare them with those of patients with mild disease.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Multiple medical centers in Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Participants
A total of 3,263 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection between February 4, 2020, and April 15, 2020.

Main outcome measures
Patient demographic characteristics, medical history, vital signs, and laboratory and chest computed tomography (CT) findings.

Results
A total of 3,173 and 90 patients with mild and moderate, and asymptomatic COVID-19, respectively, were included. A total of 575 (18.2%) symptomatic patients and 4 (4.4%) asymptomatic patients developed the severe illness. All asymptomatic patients recovered; no deaths were observed in this group. The median duration of viral shedding in asymptomatic patients was 17 (interquartile range, 9.25–25) days. Patients with higher levels of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (odds ratio [OR] = 1.025, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.04), lower red blood cell volume distribution width (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.88), lower creatine kinase Isoenzyme(0.94, 0.89–0.98) levels, or lower lesion ratio (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.33) at admission were more likely than their counterparts to have asymptomatic disease.

Conclusions
Patients with younger ages and fewer comorbidities are more likely to be asymptomatic. Asymptomatic patients had similar laboratory characteristics and longer virus shedding time than symptomatic patients; screen and isolation during their infection were helpful to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Improving the Ability of Students' Understanding Through Videos at PIAUD Study Program UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu/ Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Mahasiswa Melalui Video pada Program Studi PIAUD UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Authors: Indah Maysela Azzahra  , Evi Selva Nirwana  , Suyadi  , Indah Clarisa  
Published: August 2022

Online learning, conducted through the flatforms such as the zoom, What’s App, and e-learning, is unable to improve students’ comprehension of the contents of lectures. The purpose of the study was to improve the ability of students’ understanding at PIAUD Program UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu by utilizing videos as learning media during the pandemic. The research method used was the quantitative one with an experimental approach. The sampling was 23 respondents of students at 6D class. The data collection method used tests, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The test data collection instrument used pretest and post-tests. Instruments and data analysis of tests, questionnaires, and interviews assisted by the Google Forms. This study further used the analysis of descriptive quantifiable data. The results of the research show that the use of videos improved the understanding ability of the PIAUD students, and this was obtained from the analysis of student pretest value data before using learning videos at an average of 40.87%. Furthermore, there was an increase in students' comprehension ability at the average post-test scores after using learning the videos as learning media, which was 58.26%.
Abstrak
Pembelajaran daring yang berlangsung dengan menggunakan aplikasi zoom, what’s App, dan e-learning masih belum dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa pada materi yang dipelajari saat perkuliahan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa Program Studi PIAUD UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu dengan memanfaatkan video sebagai media pembelajaran pada masa pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 23 responden dari mahasiswi kelas 6D. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data tes menggunakan pretest dan post-test. Instrumen dan analisis data tes, angket, dan wawancara berbantuan Google Form. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kuantiatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa. Hal ini berdasarkan hasil analisis data nilai pretest mahasiswa sebelum menggunakan video pembelajaran dengan rata-rata sebesar 40,87%, kemudian terjadi peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa pada nilai rata-rata post-test setelah menggunakan video pembelajaran sebagai media belajar sebesar 58,26%.
Nature of Gender-Based Activities Toward Cross-Border Conflict Management Between Kisumu and Nandi Counties, Kenya
Authors: Okech Robert Amiller , Onkware Kennedy 
Published: August 2022

Conflict management has a gendered dimension whereby both men and women play an important role through various activities in cross-border conflict management programs. However, the potential of women's activities in influencing cross-border conflict management remains unrecognized. The study sought to discuss the contribution of gender-based activities toward conflict management along the border of Kisumu and Nandi Counties. The Feminist Conflict Resolution Theory guided the study. The study was conducted in Kisumu and Nandi counties; a Descriptive survey research design was utilized during the study. The target population included household heads, government officials and civil society organizations including community-based and faith-based organizations. Both primary and secondary data were used during the study. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The study had a sample size of 453 respondents selected through simple random, Convenience and purposive sampling. Qualitative data were analyzed by use of thematic analysis and the results presented in a narrative form and through verbatim quotations, while quantitative was analyzed by using Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS) to obtain both descriptive and the findings were then be presented in form of charts, graphs and Tables. The study found that there were several gender-based activities in the area that were key to social cohesion and conflict management along the borders of the two counties. These activities included micro-finance institutions at the community level, saving and lending groups, cash transfers, youth programmes, religious peace organizations, and intermarriages among other activities. The study concluded that there are a number of gender-based activities in the study area some of which escalated the conflicts while other were helpful in managing the conflicts.
Teaching Chinese to Ethnic Minority Students in Hong Kong: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Danping , Tsung Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR. Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade (2010–2020), and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong. Most of the research took a phenomenological approach, using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools. The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students. The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.
Construction of a class of spectral measures
Authors: Wu Hai-Hua , Liu Jing-Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Let the iterated function systems

{

S
i

}

i
=
1

N

\{S_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}

be defined by

S
i

⁢

(
x
)

=

(

-
1

)

i
-
1

⁢
ρ
⁢

(

x
+

d
i

)

S_{i}(x)=(-1)^{i-1}\rho(x+d_{i})

,

x
∈
R

x\in\mathbb{R}

,

d
i

∈
D

d_{i}\in D

, where

0
<
ρ
<
1

0<\rho<1

, and 𝐷 is a finite subset of ℤ.
Let the measure

μ

ρ
,
P

\mu_{\rho,P}

be generated by the IFS and the probability weight

P
=

{

p
i

}

i
=
1

N

P=\{p_{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}

.
In this paper, we introduce a new way to consider the spectrality of

μ

ρ
,
P

\mu_{\rho,P}

, and obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for

N
=
2

N=2

, and construct two examples of spectral measures for

N
=

2
⁢
L

≥
4

N=2L\geq 4

and

N
=

2
⁢
L

+
1

N=2L+1

, respectively.
Humor and fear of COVID-19 in Polish adults: the mediating role of generalized anxiety
Authors: Brudek Paweł , Steuden Stanisława 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the end of 2019 to the present day, the COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the functioning of countries, institutions and individuals. So far, despite the increasing number of studies, little is known about the effects of the pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of a person. Research results obtained to date suggest that the fear of COVID-19 may be reduced by humor. However, to be able to harness this observation to provide more effective psychological assistance to those struggling with serious concerns about the aftermaths of the pandemic, one has to understand the mechanisms of the relationship between humor and fear of COVID-19. Both clinical experience and research findings show that the postulated relationship may be mediated by generalized anxiety. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between humor, conceptualized as a dimension of wisdom, and fear of COVID-19, and the role of generalized anxiety as a potential mediator of this relationship in adults. A longitudinal three-wave field study was carried out in a sample of 214 adults from Poland. A mediation analysis with bias-corrected bootstrapping method confirmed that the relation between humor and fear of COVID-19 was mediated by generalized anxiety.
Das Konzept ‚Bildungssprache‘― Ein historischer Vergleich sozial-politischer Konzeption im 16. und im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kourukmas Petra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Durch die Veröffentlichungen der Kultus- und Bildungsministerien in Deutschland und Österreich ist in jüngerer Zeit der Begriff ‚Bildungssprache‘ populär geworden, der weniger eine sprachliche Entität als ein bildungspolitisches Konzept bezeichnet. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, welcher Stellenwert dem medialen Wandel in diesem Konzept zugesprochen wird und welche Perspektiven ein historischer Vergleich der heutigen medialen Situation mit der Briefkultur des 16. Jahrhunderts eröffnen könnte. Dabei soll die Diversität sprachlicher Gestaltung in privater und amtlicher Kommunikation im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Mitigation of collapse characteristics of gypseous soils by activated carbon, sodium metasilicate, and cement dust: An experimental study
Authors: Hassan Suhad Majed , Albusoda Bushra Suhale 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study includes adding chemicals to gypseous soil to improve its collapse characteristics. The collapse behavior of gypseous soil brought from the north of Iraq (Salah El-Deen governorate) with a gypsum content of 59% was investigated using five types of additions (cement dust, powder sodium meta-silicate, powder activated carbon, sodium silicate solution, and granular activated carbon). The soil was mixed by weight with cement dust (10, 20, and 30%), powder sodium meta-silicate (6%), powder activated carbon (10%), sodium silicate solution (3, 6, and 9%), and granular activated carbon (5, 10, and 15%). The collapse potential is reduced by 86, 71, 43, 37, and 35% when 30% cement dust, 6% powder sodium meta-silicate, 10% powder activated carbon, 6% sodium silicate solution, and 10% granular activated carbon are used, respectively.
Relationship among anogenital distance, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width at 22–36 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Yarsilikal Guleroglu Filiz , Balkan Ozmen Aliye , Turan Bakirci Isil , Ekmez Murat , Cetin Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The subject of current work was to determine the relationship of fetal ultrasonographic biomarkers, including anogenital distance (AGD), adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width in mothers with male fetuses at 22–36 weeks of gestation for the assessment of the effect of fetal adrenal gland producing androgens on the male anogenital structures that are exposed to androgen effects as anogenital region and penis.

Methods
This study is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in our hospital’s outpatient perinatal care unit. One hundred and seventy pregnant women with a male fetus aged 22–36 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The fetal adrenal gland length, width, and depth for the calculation of adrenal volume, AGD, and penile length and width were measured for each participant. The Pearson coefficients were calculated to assess the correlation among these parameters.

Results
The adrenal gland volume had a meaningful, positive moderate relationship with both the AGD (r=0.60) and penile length and width (r=0.57 and r=0.59, respectively; p<0.001). The AGD had a positive, strong correlation with the penile length and width (r=0.74 and r=0.76, respectively; p<0.001).

Conclusions
The fetal adrenal gland as one of the androgen sources of the fetus is an influencer of the development of the anogenital and penile region. The findings of the current study support that the adrenal gland considerably affects the masculinization of male fetuses, since there were remarkable correlations among the AGD, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width.
An efficient finite element method based on dimension reduction scheme for a fourth-order Steklov eigenvalue problem
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Zixin , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, an effective finite element method based on dimension reduction scheme is proposed for a fourth-order Steklov eigenvalue problem in a circular domain. By using the Fourier basis function expansion and variable separation technique, the original problem is transformed into a series of radial one-dimensional eigenvalue problems with boundary eigenvalue. Then we introduce essential polar conditions and establish the discrete variational form for each radial one-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Based on the minimax principle and the approximation property of the interpolation operator, we prove the error estimates of approximation eigenvalues. Finally, some numerical experiments are provided, and the numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
A posteriorierror estimates of characteristic mixed finite elements for convection-diffusion control problems
Authors: Tang Yuelong , Hua Yuchun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we consider fully discrete characteristic mixed finite elements for convection-diffusion optimal control problems. We use the characteristic line method to treat the hyperbolic part of the state equation as a directional derivative. The state and the co-state are discretized by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control is approximated by piecewise constant functions. Using some proper duality problems, we derivea posteriorierror estimates for the scalar functions. Such estimates are not available in the literature. A numerical example is presented to validate the theoretical results.
From Property to Propriety: probing Priesthood in the Carolingian era*
Authors: Firey Abigail 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Steffen Patzold's recent book on priests in the Carolingian era invites reflection about methods in legal history, interwoven lay and clerical participation in religious activity, the meaning of ecclesial reform, and the application of new scholarship to materials previously framed with early twentieth-century analysis.
Using the Residency Matched Method and Intent to Practice Method to Estimate Primary Care Workforce Production
Authors: Kellerman Rick , Ofei-Dodoo Samuel , Rohrberg Tessa , Fisher Lynn , Henry Caitlin 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Many medical schools overestimate the percentage of their graduates who enter the primary care workforce based on the “first-certificate” residency their graduates enter. To rectify this problem, Deutchman et al. (2020) proposed a new method of estimation. The objective of this study was to compare results from the traditional residency match and Deutchman methods to the actual percentage of University of Kansas School of Medicine (KUSM) graduates who practice primary care after completing medical school and all residency and subspeciality fellowship training.
Methods. We conducted a retrospective study using a convenience sample of KUSM graduates from 2003-2014. We compared percentages of graduates classified as primary care by the traditional Residency Match Primary Care Method (RMPCM) and the percentages of graduates identified as primary care by Deutchman’s Intent to Practice Primary Care Method (IPPCM) with the actual percentage of graduates who eventually entered the primary care workforce.
Results. Of the 1944 KUSM graduates identified during the study period, the RMPCM predicted a 48.1% primary care output rate. The Deutchman’s IPPCM predicted a 22.8% primary care output rate. The actual known percentage of graduates practicing primary care was 34.2%.
Conclusions. Neither the RMPCM nor the Deutchman’s IPPCM performed well in predicting the percentage or number of KUSM graduates who eventually practiced primary care. Due to predictions for the shortage of primary care physicians, there is a need to identify a method that more accurately predicts the medical schools’ contribution to the primary care workforce.
Budaya Islami Sekolah dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Cristanty Rida Amilia , Bafadal Ibrahim , Sobri Ahmad Yusuf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Islamic culture is a belief, habit, way of thinking and acting of citizens of schools based on religious values. The purpose of research to describe the Islamic culture developed in MAN 2 Tulungagung, the implications of Islamic culture on the performance of employees, the role of headmaster in developing the Islamic culture, the principal's strategy in developing Islamic culture, as well as supporting factors and inhibiting the implementation of Islamic culture in improving the performance of employees MAN 2 Tulungagung. This research uses a qualitative approach and uses the technique of collecting interview data, observation, and documentation study. MAN 2 Tulungagung implements an Islamic culture that can shape the religious spirit of all school residents. Islamic culture in MAN 2 Tulungagung has an influence on employee performance. Values ​​shared by make employees feel comfortable in work, have commitment and loyalty and make employees try harder in improving their performance.
Abstrak: Budaya islami adalah keyakinan, kebiasaan, cara berfikir dan bertindak warga sekolah yang didasarkan atas nilai-nilai keagamaan. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mendiskripsikan budaya islami yang dikembangkan di MAN 2 Tulungagung, implikasi budaya islami terhadap kinerja pegawai, peran kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan budaya islami, strategi kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan budaya islami, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi budaya islami dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai MAN 2 Tulungagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif serta menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. MAN 2 Tulungagung menerapkan budaya islami yang dapat membentuk jiwa religius pada seluruh warga sekolah. Budaya islami di MAN 2 Tulungagung memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Nilai-nilai yang dianut bersama membuat para pegawai merasa nyaman dalam bekerja, memiliki komitmen dan kesetiaan serta membuat pegawai berusaha lebih keras dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya.