bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Inflammation (IOI) Associated with Faricimab Therapy: One-year Real World Outcomes.
Authors: Montesel Andrea , Sen Sagnik , Preston Ella , Patel Praveen J , Huemer Josef , Hamilton Robin D , Nicholson Luke , Papasavvas Ioannis , Tucker William R , Yeung Ian 
Published: January 2025

Purpose.
To report one-year real-world evidence on intraocular inflammation (IOI) adverse events (AEs) in patients undergoing faricimab therapy in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods.
A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted for patients receiving faricimab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) at Moorfields Eye Hospital between September 1st, 2022, and August 31st, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of IOI (excluding endophthalmitis).

Results.
2 318 eyes from 1 860 patients were included and underwent a total of 10 297 injections. A total of 20 eyes (16 patients) had ≥ 1 adverse event of IOI. Estimated incidence of IOI was 0.19% per injection (95%CI 0.12-0.30), 0.86% per eye (95% CI 0.53- 1.33] and 0.86% per patient (95%CI 0.49- 1.39). IOI mostly occurred within the first injections (median 3.5 injections, range 1-10). All cases presented with anterior uveitis and were associated with vitritis in 4 eyes (20%). No cases of posterior uveitis or evidence of retinal vascular occlusion were reported. There was no statistically significant difference between mean visual acuity before and after IOI event (0.40 logMAR and 0.378 logMAR respectively, p = .26).

Conclusion.
In this real-world report, faricimab was well tolerated with an incidence of IOI-related AEs consistent to that observed in registration trials. The AEs were generally mild and had a favourable prognosis.
"Choosing wisely": Intravitreal gas injection as first-line treatment for macular hole-a clinical case perspective.
Authors: González David Pérez , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To evaluate the potency and security of Pneumatic Vitreolysis (PVL) as the primary treatment for Full-Thickness Macular Holes (FTMHs) and provide insights into patient selection criteria and procedural outcomes.

Patients and methods:
A retrospective analysis of three clinical cases presenting with FTMHs treated initially with PVL was conducted. Cases were evaluated for anatomical and functional outcomes through comprehensive ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Patient demographics, pre-operative characteristics, procedural details, and post-operative outcomes were documented.

Results:
PVL demonstrated favorable outcomes in two out of three cases, with complete closure of FTMHs and restoration of visual acuity. One case exhibited significant reduction but required subsequent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for closure. No intraoperative complications were noted. Factors such as active vitreomacular traction (VMT), head down position and smaller MH sizes appeared to positively correlate with successful closure following PVL. Thorough pre-procedural assessment of retinal periphery and OCT evaluation of MH characteristics aided in patient selection and treatment planning.

Conclusion:
PVL emerges as a promising initial treatment option for select FTMH cases, particularly those with active VMT and smaller MH sizes. Its less invasive nature and favorable outcomes make it a valuable alternative to traditional surgical interventions. Patient selection based on pre-operative characteristics, including VMT status and MH size, is crucial for optimizing treatment success. Further research and long-term studies are warranted to refine patient selection criteria, procedural techniques, and outcomes assessment in PVL for FTMHs.
Comparison of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related disease without pancreas involvement
Authors: Mack Sahar , Nigolian Haïg , Ricoeur Alexis , Bornand Aurélie , Beniada Camille , Bichard Philippe , Seebach Jörg Dieter , Frossard Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this retrospective observational study was to compare patients diagnosed with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) without pancreatic involvement, and to evaluate their clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes.

METHODS:
Data were retrospectively collected from January 2010 to January 2022, including clinical presentation, imaging findings, histological and immunological characteristics, and treatment outcomes.

RESULTS:
In 11 patients with AIP, the most common symptom was abdominal pain (54.5%), while seven of these patients (63.6%) presented other organ involvement. Initial treatment with steroids was administrated to 10 patients, with a relapse rate of 72.8% over a mean follow-up of 5.3 months. Four patients required additional rituximab therapy. Of the 22 patients with IgG4-RD without AIP, the majority had ear, nose, and throat (ENT) involvement (45.5%). Patients with AIP had higher serum IgG4 levels. Fifteen patients (68.2%) were treated with prednisone, six underwent surgery (27.3%), and four received symptomatic treatment only (18.2%) with a relapse rate of 36.4%. Six patients were treated with rituximab.

CONCLUSION:
AIP and IgG4-RD are increasingly recognized conditions, with steroid being the standard of care. Although our clinical and imaging findings are consistent with previous reports, our patients had a higher relapse rate, highlighting the importance of vigilant monitoring and potentially evolving treatment strategies.
Status of a New Model of ERCP Training in China
Authors: Zhang Di , Cai Yi-Li , Yi Jin-Hui , Xu Mao-Jin , Xin Lei , Lv Yan-Wei , Lin Xi , Yang Huai-Yu , Jin Zhen-Dong , Wang Dong , Liao Zhuan , Wang Luo-Wei , Hu Liang-Hao , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: January 2025

Aims:
ERCP training should adapt to the rapid development of ERCP technology and indications. China has a large population and vast land area, but ERCP training resources are insufficient. To make effective use of scarce ERCP training resources, the Standardized Training for ERCP Procedure (STEP) program was launched as a pilot trial. We aimed to report the graduation and competence situations and analyze the predictive factors.

Methods:
This was a prospective multicenter study from January 2015 to May 2021 containing 2 stages: the training program stage and the graduate questionnaire survey stage. The graduation and competence rates were investigated and analyzed.

Results:
In the training stage, 146 trainees completed the training, 113 (77.4%) graduated. The gender ratio (men vs. women) was 6.7:1. The mean age was 40.14±4.13 years. In total, 11 trainees failed the institutional mentored training phase (IMTP), 18 failed the practice strengthen training phase (PSTP), and 4 failed the comprehensive theoretical test. In the questionnaire survey stage, the response rate was 92%, of which 76.9% (80/104) achieved competence. ERCP cases performed independently in IMTP (OR=1.129, P=0.025) and ERCP volume in training years (OR=1.018, P=0.026) were predictive factors for graduation. Job title (senior physician) (OR=78.811, P=0.018) and main practice form of PSTP (independently) (OR=17.062, P=0.031) were predictive factors for competence in available graduates.

Conclusions:
The STEP achieved an acceptable graduation and competence rate. We gained valuable experience in framework organization and multiple assessment checkpoints. Therefore, this standardized training model is suitable for developing countries with rapid progress in ERCP.
Successfully treated esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumor by minimally invasive esophagectomy followed by imatinib therapy: a case report
Authors: Doan Tu Trong , Pham Duong The , Nguyen Cuong Van , Tran Thanh Tuan , Nguyen Hai Van 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, but rarely occurs in the esophagus, composing approximately 0.7% of all GISTs. Surgery is a mainstay treatment for this disease. We herein report a case of a 68-year-old male patient treated by thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy followed by imatinib therapy for a large esophageal GIST, and also review a literature regarding this disease.

Case report:
A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to dysphagia. After the initial investigations, the patient was diagnosed with esophageal GIST and underwent thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy. Final immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive with CD117, CD34, DOG-1, Ki67 without the expression of SMA, S-100 that confirmed GIST. The patient was referred to adjuvant therapy with imatinib and there was no recurrence at 16 months after surgery.

Discussion:
Due to the rarity of esophageal GISTs, diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Without immunohistochemistry, this disease may be misdiagnosed as esophageal leiomyoma, or with other mesenchymal tumors such as sarcoma or schwannoma due to similar clinical, endoscopic and radiographic characteristics. Surgery is the cornerstone treatment, the choice of enucleation or esophagectomy depends on the comprehensive evaluation of clinical and pathologic factors of the specific case. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with imatinib is an effective therapy for selective patients.

Conclusion:
GISTs are rare neoplasms of the esophagus. Currently, surgical resection is the cornerstone treatment, adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy with imatinib may be indicated for selective patients. Clinical trials are expected with longer follow-ups to develop concrete guidelines for this disease.
A rare case of inferior vena cava interruption and pulmonary valve stenosis in the absence of heterotaxy syndrome
Authors: Rajab Tuqa , Abou Nukta Moayad , Bannoud Nour , Haddad Sultaneh , Aljarmakani Dimah , Ali Doaa Mukhtar Mohammed , Jama Amal Mohamed H. Hassan , Srour Samir 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The complete absence hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is known as “interruption” of the IVC. Congenital interruption of the IVC can rarely occur in patients with a normal visceroatrial situs.

Case presentation:
We present a case of an 8-year-old male child who exhibited mild dyspnea. Further evaluation revealed an interruption of the IVC and pulmonary valve stenosis, without heterotaxy.

Discussion:
It is important to recognize that interruption of the IVC can occur independently or as part of a syndrome. Therefore, thorough investigations should be conducted for each patient.

Conclusion:
More research is needed to explore the associations between IVC interruption and pulmonary valve stenosis.
Management of preoperative anxiety with non-pharmacological methods in pediatric patients in resource-limited settings: a literature review
Authors: Achule Astemamagn , Gedeno Kanbiro , Aweke Zemedu 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Anxiety disorders are common in children and among the most prevalent psychiatric issues. Untreated preoperative anxiety can lead to increased complications and a higher risk for future anxiety disorders and major depression. Therefore, addressing preoperative anxiety in children is crucial to prevent perioperative and long-term adverse effects.

Objective:
This review aimed to evaluate various articles and develop a management plan based on evidence for the prevention of preoperative anxiety in children using non-pharmacological approaches in areas with limited resources.

Methods:
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched for high-quality evidence to draw appropriate conclusions.

Result:
A total of 7669 articles were retrieved from the search engines. These articles were then filtered based on intervention, outcome, population data, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and methodological quality. After the filtration process, only 35 studies met the inclusion criteria for comprehensive review.

Conclusion:
The Children’s Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS) effectively assesses preoperative anxiety in children. Evidence suggests that non-pharmacological interventions such as clowning, music therapy, audiovisuals, virtual reality, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in preventing preoperative anxiety. Practitioners can choose a suitable non-pharmacological approach based on availability and cost.
Unilateral amelia with limb deformities and multiple congenital malformations in a newborn: a case report from Palestine
Authors: Oweidat Majd , Alra’e Mohammed , Aldwaik Mohammed , Shubietah Abdalhakim 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Unilateral amelia, a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of one limb, is often accompanied by severe malformations in other systems. Although the survival of affected infants beyond the neonatal period is rare, some cases have been documented with varying outcomes. This case report discusses a newborn with unilateral amelia and multiple congenital anomalies.

Presentation of case:
A 41-week gestation stillbirth from Palestine was delivered after a normal pregnancy, except for prenatal ultrasound findings of absent left upper limb, severe lower limb deformities, preaxial polydactyly, syndactyly, dextrocardia, and asymmetric hydrocephalus. Postnatal examination revealed additional craniofacial anomalies, gastrointestinal malformations, and respiratory abnormalities. Despite the severe deformities, the infant survived beyond 2 months.

Discussion:
Unilateral amelia is often associated with other congenital malformations, indicating complex embryological disruptions. The combination of limb deficiency with visceral abnormalities complicates management and prognosis. While stillbirths and early neonatal deaths are common, this case’s survival beyond 2 months is a notable exception. This report contributes valuable insight into the prognosis of such rare congenital conditions.

Conclusion:
This case emphasizes the rarity of unilateral amelia with multiple congenital defects and underscores the importance of comprehensive prenatal evaluation and genetic counseling. The patient’s extended survival provides new perspectives on the management and outcomes of infants with such complex anomalies.
How Does the Normalization Process After the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gökçen Onur , Akkuş Merve 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of the normalization process after the pandemic on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. During the pandemic period, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Padua Inventory–Washington State University Revision, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and an interview form inquiring sociodemographic characteristics were applied to the participant patients with OCD. During the normalization process, the patients were reevaluated after about 1 year. A significant decrease was found in the patients' FCV-19S and PE-WSUR total scores along with all subscale scores as well as the Y-BOCS scores. The FCV-19S was associated with OCD symptoms both during the pandemic and the normalization period. The final FCV-19S scores of patients with a Y-BOCS score of 12 and under were found to be statistically significantly lower than the others. This study shows that OCD symptom severity and fear of COVID-19 decreased with the normalization process. A decrease in pandemic-related stress and fear of COVID-19 with the normalization process may have positively affected OCD patients.
Investigating Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Authors: DeAndrade Samantha , DePorto Krystal , Crawford Kaitlin , Saporito Lucas , Nguyen AnMarie , Yazdany Tajnoos , Tenggardjaja Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Importance
Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities have been observed in the mode of pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Some of the disparities may be attributed to differences in access to care and advanced surgical technology across the United States, although this is difficult to study.

Objective
We aimed to investigate whether racial/ethnic or socioeconomic disparities in a mode of prolapse surgery exist in a managed care setting, where differences in access are minimized.

Study Design
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent apical pelvic organ prolapse surgery within Kaiser Permanente Southern California facilities between 2014 and 2017. We conducted bivariate tests to examine the associations between patient characteristics and multivariate logistic regression to predict the odds of having obliterative and native tissue repair surgical procedures by race and income.

Results
The analytic sample consisted of 2,798 patients who underwent prolapse surgery. Hispanic/Latina, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Asian, and “other” race represented 51.1%, 37.0%, 5.7%, 5.3%, and 0.8% of the sample, respectively. Median household income varied by racial groups. After adjusting for patient characteristics and regional factors, we did not find significant differences in apical prolapse surgery mode by race/ethnicity or income level.

Conclusions
Within this managed care setting, no disparities in mode of apical prolapse surgery were observed by race/ethnicity or income level when regional and patient-level confounders were controlled for, such as prolapse stage and comorbidities. This may suggest that a significant driver of racial/ethnic disparities observed in prolapse surgery may be attributed to structural level factors.
National analysis of health-related social needs among adult injury survivors
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra H. , Clark Nina M. , Bisgaard Erika , Nehra Deepika , Stewart Barclay T. , Malloy Alexander , Bulger Eileen M. , Dieleman Joseph L. , Zatzick Douglas , Scott John W. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Despite advances in trauma care, the effects of social determinants of health continue to be a barrier to optimal health outcomes. Health-related social needs (HRSNs), now the basis of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services national screening program, may contribute to poor health outcomes, inequities, and low-value care, but the impact of HRSNs among injured patients remains poorly understood at the national level.

METHODS
Using data from the nationally representative 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, injured patients were matched with uninjured controls via coarsened exact matching on age and sex. We then determined the prevalence of HRSNs based on core needs identified by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: food, utilities, living situation, transportation, and personal safety. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between HRSNs and health, delays in care, and emergency department visits.

RESULTS
Overall, 43% of injured patients reported one or more HRSNs. Compared with uninjured controls, injured patients were more likely to have unmet needs in all five HRSN domains (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44–2.00; p < 0.05 for all). In stratified analyses, HRSNs were highest among patients with lower income (65.1%), those who identified as Non-Hispanic Black patients (61.3%), and patients with Medicaid (66.1%). Increasing number of HRSNs was associated with worse physical and mental health (p < 0.05). Injured patients with three or more HRSNs were also more likely to delay care because of cost (adjusted odds ratio, 3.79; 95% confidence interval, 2.29–6.27) and had greater emergency department utilization (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.87).

CONCLUSION
In this nationally representative study, nearly half of injured patients had one or more HRSNs. Greater numbers of HRSNs were associated with worse health outcomes, delayed care, and low-value care. As national screening for HRSNs is implemented, strategies to address these factors are needed and may serve to optimize health and health care utilization among injury survivors.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Directionality of two-photon absorption in representative fluorescent proteins
Authors: Lazar Josef , Timr Štěpán , Rybakova Olga , Brynda Jiří , Thuen Adam , Drobizhev Mikhail , Myšková Jitka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecules of fluorescent proteins (FPs) exhibit anisotropic optical properties. While the directionality of single-photon (1P) absorption and emission in the most commonly used FPs has already been characterized, directionality of their two-photon (2P) excitation remains poorly understood, even though it offers higher sensitivity to molecular orientation and promises to yield more information on molecular orientational distributions than the 1P processes. By measuring optical properties of FP crystals, we have now determined the two-photon absorptivity tensors (2PATs) of the FPs mTurquoise2, eGFP and mCherry. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of experimental 2PAT determinations, provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of 2P absorption in FPs, open a new avenue to rational development of novel biosensors and allow detailed structural interpretation of results obtained with such biosensors.
TOR and heat shock response pathways regulate peroxisome biogenesis during proteotoxic stress
Authors: Shukla Nandini , Neal Maxwell L. , Farré Jean-Claude , Mast Fred D. , Truong Linh , Simon Theresa , Miller Leslie R. , Aitchison John D. , Subramani Suresh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPeroxisomes are versatile organelles mediating energy homeostasis and redox balance. While peroxisome dysfunction is linked to numerous diseases, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating peroxisomes during cellular stress remain elusive. Using yeast, we show that perturbations disrupting protein homeostasis including loss of ER or cytosolic chaperone function, impairments in ER protein translocation, blocking ER N-glycosylation, or reductive stress, cause peroxisome proliferation. This proliferation is driven by increasedde novobiogenesis from the ER as well as increased fission of pre-existing peroxisomes, rather than impaired pexophagy. Notably, peroxisome biogenesis is essential for cellular recovery from proteotoxic stress. Through comprehensive testing of major signaling pathways, we determine this response to be mediated by activation of the heat shock response and inhibition of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Finally, the effects of proteotoxic stress and TOR inhibition on peroxisomes are also captured in human fibroblasts. Overall, our findings reveal a critical and conserved role of peroxisomes in cellular response to proteotoxic stress.