bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperlactatemia is a predictor of mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury
Authors: Kim Seong Geun , Lee Jinwoo , Yun Donghwan , Kang Min Woo , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperlactatemia occurs frequently in critically ill patients, and this pathologic condition leads to worse outcomes in several disease subsets. Herein, we addressed whether hyperlactatemia is associated with the risk of mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute kidney injury.
Methods
A total of 1,661 patients who underwent CRRT for severe acute kidney injury were retrospectively reviewed between 2010 and 2020. The patients were categorized according to their serum lactate levels, such as high (≥ 7.6 mmol/l), moderate (2.1–7.5 mmol/l) and low (≤ 2 mmol/l), at the time of CRRT initiation. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of in-hospital mortality were calculated with adjustment of multiple variables. The increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the mortality risk was evaluated after adding serum lactate levels to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score-based models.
Results
A total of 802 (48.3%) and 542 (32.6%) patients had moderate and high lactate levels, respectively. The moderate and high lactate groups had a higher risk of mortality than the low lactate group, with HRs of 1.64 (1.22–2.20) and 4.18 (2.99–5.85), respectively. The lactate-enhanced models had higher AUROCs than the models without lactates (0.764 vs. 0.702 for SOFA score; 0.737 vs. 0.678 for APACHE II score).
Conclusions
Hyperlactatemia is associated with mortality outcomes in patients undergoing CRRT for acute kidney injury. Serum lactate levels may need to be monitored in this patient subset.
Tryptophanylation of Insulin Receptor by WARS Attenuates Insulin Signaling
Authors: Sun Wen-Xing , Zhang Kai-Hui , Zhou Qian , Hu Song-Hua , Lin Yan , Xu Wei , Zhao Shi-Min , Yuan Yi-yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Increased circulating tryptophan has been linked to insulin resistance and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although the indispensable roles of tryptophan in behavioral health and immunity, which are mediated by its catabolized metabolites, are well documented, whether and how tryptophan directly affects insulin sensitivity remains largely unknown.Methods: The correlation of excessive tryptophan and insulin resistance was verified in tryptophan-rich chow fed mice. The effects of tryptophan and WARS to insulin signaling and glucose uptake were demonstrated in the HPA-v cells, HepG2 cells and HeLa cells. The tryptophanylation site was screened by single-site directed mutagenesis of all lysine residues in the b subunit of IR, and verified using an in vitro tryptophanylation assay. Finally, the detryptophanylation enzyme was identified and its role in insulin sensitivity was addressed by immunoblotting analysis. Results: Mice fed with tryptophan-rich chow developed insulin resistance. Tryptophan can tryptophanylate insulin receptor (IR) and attenuate insulin signaling. Excessive tryptophan promotes tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) to tryptophanylate lysine 1209 of IR (W-K1209), which induces insulin resistance by inhibiting the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IR, AKT and AS160. SIRT1, but not other sirtuins, detryptophanylates IRW-K1209 to increase the insulin sensitivity.Conclusions: Our results unveiled a novel mechanism of how tryptophan was sensed and tryptophanylated to IR by WARS, thus impaired insulin signaling. Meanwhile, our data indicated that WARS might be a target for insulin sensitivity control.
Subnanometeric optical modulation of a single-molecule electron source
Authors: Yanagisawa Hirofumi , Bohn Markus , Kitoh-Nishioka Hirotaka , Goschin Florian , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The irradiation of femtosecond light pulses onto nano-objects creates localised optical fields on the nanostructure surfaces. Plasmonic effects spatially modulate the local-field distribution, achieving optical control of an ultrafast electron source on a scale of approximately 10 nm. Further miniaturisation of such an electron source down to an atomistically small scale is technically difficult by modulating the local-field distribution via plasmonic effects. Here, by illuminating recently identified single-molecule electron sources with femtosecond light pulses, we discovered that largely modulated emission patterns appeared from single C60 molecules, approximately one nanometre in size. Our simulations revealed that the emission patterns represented the single-molecule molecular orbitals (MOs), and the observed modulations originated from the variations of the single-molecule MOs, practically achieving subnanometric optical modulation of an electron source. Our work has thus demonstrated a simple way to continue miniaturising the spatially-controlled electron source down to an atomistic scale using quantum effects.
Optical absorption of conduction electrons in semiconductor nanowires in the presence of the electron-phonon interaction
Authors: Zorik Anas , Farhoud Maher , Sakr Mohammed R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We calculate the energy states and the optical absorption coefficient for electrons in a nanowire in the presence of the Rashba and the longitudinal-optical phonon interactions. The interplay of those interactions results in a splitting in the electron dispersion relation at zero wavevector that grows linearly for the ground state as the strength of the lateral quantum confinement increases. For higher states, the energy splitting increases more rapidly till the state of resonant polaron is reached, then it increases slowly due to the pinning effect. The frequency separation between the well-resolved absorption peaks and their number are greatly influenced by the state of the polarons.
Growth and carcass characteristics of two broiler strains fed diets with varying levels of inclusion of palm kernel oil residue (PKOR)
Authors: Ofori Samuel Ayeh , Hagan J.K , Etim N.N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of strain of broilers and different levels of inclusion of palm kernel oil residue (PKOR) diets on the growth and carcass characteristics of two commercial broiler strains. A total of 450 birds were evaluated in a 2 X 3 factorial experiment involving two broiler strains (Cobb and Ross) and three dietary treatments with 0%, 10% and 20% levels of inclusion of PKOR. For each of the broiler strains, a total of 225 birds were randomly assigned to each of the three diets with each dietary treatment having 75 birds with three replications with 25 birds in each replicate group. The experiment was done using 3-week old broiler chicks and fed over a period of 5 weeks in 18 partitioned deep litter pens (2.5m X 2.1m; floor space of 0.21m2/bird). Both feed and water were supplied ad libitum, under a 24-hour lighting regime. Growth parameters were taken from week three to week eight. At the end of the experimental period, 4 birds from each replicate group were randomly selected and slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Data obtained were subjected to a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with strain of broilers and dietary treatments as fixed factors using the general analysis of variance procedure of GenStat. Where differences in means occurred, the means were separated using the least significant difference (lsd) test at 5% level of significance. Data obtained showed no significant genotype effects on the growth performance. There were however significant difference in growth performance with the different levels of inclusion of the PKOR, with the birds on the control diets (0% PKOR) being superior in terms of final live weights as compared to the birds fed 10 and 20% levels of inclusion of the PKOR diets. Interestingly, birds fed 10% levels of inclusion were able to significantly convert feed to meat better (better FCR) than their counterparts on the control and 20% levels of inclusion diets. There were no significant genotype × ration interaction effects on all performance parameters assessed. Data obtained showed no significant (p > 0.05) genotype effects on carcass characteristics. Birds on 0% PKOR recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher warm carcass weight and warm dressing percentage than birds fed 10% and 20% PKOR; chilled carcass traits assessed were however similar (p > 0.05) for all dietary treatments. The effects of genotype × ration interactions on all carcass traits assessed were not significant (p > 0.05).
Basin-scale factors in emergence of midchannel islands: A process-based morphometric analysis
Authors: Heidari Naghmeh , Yagci Oral , Aksel Murat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Midchannel islands were conventionally considered undesirable additional hydraulic resistance to flow for many years and tended to be removed from the main channel as a measure against the flood. Today, it is known that these geomorphic units provide key eco-geomorphological services in the active corridor of natural waterways. This study examined the dynamics behind the occurrence mechanism of midchannel islands considering basin-scale (i.e., land use, elevation, main channel slope, form factor, relief) and fluvial (i.e., sediment yield) variables. Nine drainage basins were selected as samples from the different ecoregions on Earth. Morphometric and hydrological characteristics were determined using hydrological datasets and satellite-based images by means of ArcGIS. Sediment delivery magnitudes for each examined basin were calculated based on an empirical expression. In addition, the development process of isolated midchannel islands was investigated by quantifying their planform morphometric features. The basin-scale analysis showed that the main channel slope, i.e., gravity-induced factors, controls the emergence location of MCIs to a great extent, and the basin sediment yield impacts the density (i.e., number of islands) of MCIs in a unit length of the river. Furthermore, at the individual scale, the morphometric analysis of MCIs revealed that during the MCI growth, the streamlining process diminishes the skin friction. This effect becomes more prominent, particularly at the mature stage of MCIs, and the form drag prevails over the skin friction.
Efficient side-chain deacylation of polymyxin B1 in recombinant Streptomyces strains
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Wu Kai , Zhang Hanzhi , Liu Jing , Yang Zhijun , Bai Jing , Liu Hao , Shao Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Polymyxins are antibacterial polypeptides used as “last resort” therapy option for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The expansion of polymyxin-resistant infections has inspired development of novel polymyxin derivatives, and deacylation is one of the critical steps in generating those antibiotics. Deacylase from Actinoplanes utahensis hydrolyze the acyl moieties of echinocandins, and also efficiently deacylates daptomycin, ramoplanin and other important antibiotics. Here, deacylase was studied considering its potential usefulness in deacylating polymyxin B1.Results: All the six recombinant strains containing the deacylase gene catalysed hydrolysis of polymyxin B1, yielding cyclic heptapeptide. The efficiency of recombinant S. albus (SAL701) was higher than others, whereby deacylation was the most efficient at 40 °C in 0.2 M Tris buffer (pH 8.0) with 0.2 M Mg2+. The optimal substrate concentration of SAL701 was increased from 2.0 to 6.0 g/L. SAL701 was highly thermostable, showing no loss of activity at 50°C for 12 h, and the mycelia could be recycled at least three times without loss of catalytic activity. SAL701 could not deacylate β-lactam substrate such as penicillin G and cephalosporin C. Deacylase catalyzes the amide bond 1 closest to the nucleus of polymyxin B1 rather than the other bond, suggesting that it has high catalytic site specificity. Homology modeling and the docking results implied Thr190 in deacylase can facilitate hydrolysis with high regioselectivity.Conclusions: These results show that SAL701 is effective in increasing cyclic heptapeptide moiety of polymyxin B1. These properties of the biocatalyst may enable its development in the industrial production of polymyxins antibiotics.
Two Fe mining sub-products and three thiol compounds alleviate Fe deficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown in a calcareous soil in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Gheshlaghi Zahra , Khorassani Reza , ‎ Javier Abadia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that Fe mining sub-products and thiols can alleviate a moderate Fe-deficiency in the Strategy I species soybean (Glycine max) grown in a calcareous soil in greenhouse conditions.
Methods
Combinations of three Fe sources [Fe(III)-EDDHA and two Fe mining sub-products, both of them containing Fe oxides and one FeS2], and three thiols (glutathione, dithiothreitol and thiophenol) were applied in solution to the soil, three times in a 55 day period, and different parameters related to Fe deficiency were measured. The thiol-mediated solubilization of Fe from the Fe mining sub-products was assessed by measuring in the solution total Fe and the reducible Fe pool using an Fe(II) chelator.
Results
Application of Fe-EDDHA, the two Fe mining sub-products and the three thiols relieved the Fe deficiency symptoms to different extents, increased the Fe concentrations and contents throughout the plant and changed the redox state of leaves and roots, as judged from the changes in reduced and oxidized glutathione, ascorbate and antioxidant enzymes. When using Fe(III)-EDDHA, the addition of thiols led to a better leaf regreening. However, the addition of thiols did not cause further regreening in the case of the Fe mining sub-products, in spite of being able to solubilize Fe from them.
Conclusion
Application of Fe-mining sub-products, thiols and the combination of Fe(III)-EDDHA and thiols could be used to alleviate moderate Fe deficiency in G. max grown in a calcareous soil.
Morphine Exposure and Flash Visual Evoked Potentials in Preterm Infants
Authors: Coviello Caterina , Lori Silvia , Bertini Giovanna , Montano Simona , Gabbanini Simonetta , Bastianelli Maria , Cossu Cesarina , Cavaliere Sara , Frosini Saverio , Dani Carlo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Morphine is one of the most common analgesic drug, used to minimizing pain and stress in the hospitalized infants, however, concerns on its role on brain development have been expressed. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of morphine exposure during NICU stay on flash visual evoked potentials (VEP) at term equivalent age (TEA), and on visual outcomes at 9 months corrected age (CA) in preterm infants.Methods: Infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth <30 weeks were prospectively enrolled. Latencies of N1, N2, P2 were measured, as P2 amplitude. N3 was categorized present/absent. Morphine cumulative dose (mg/kg) was calculated as average daily dose adjusted for patient’s weight during the NICU stay. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the association between morphine exposure and VEP components, and visual outcomes. Results: Sixty infants were enrolled. Thirteen infants received morphine (22.8.%). N1, P2 and N2 latency had a positive association with morphine, even after correcting for GA, postmenstrual age at VEP registration, days of ventilation (DOV), retinopathy of prematurity and painful procedures (R=0.42, R=0.47, R=0.43 respectively, and p=0.048, p=0.001, p=0.006 respectively). Presence of N3 component was associated with higher number of DOV (R=0.38, p=0.004). No association was found between morphine and P2 amplitude, and with ophthalmic evaluation.Conclusion: Higher morphine dose predicted longer N1, N2 and P2 latency at TEA. However morphine was not correlated with altered ophthalmic evaluation at 9 months.
Apoptotic-like PCD inducing HRC gene when silenced enhances multiple disease resistance in plants
Authors: Kushalappa Ajjamada , NG Hegde , Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Sathe Atul , Yogendra Kalenahalli , Ajjamada Lissa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Programed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in plant environmental stress and has the potential to be manipulated to enhance disease resistance. Plants have innate immunity and, following pathogen perception, the host induces a Hypersensitive Response PCD (HR-PCD), leading to pattern (PTI) or effector triggered immunity (ETI). Here we report a non-HR type or apoptotic-like PCD (AL-PCD) in pathogen infected wheat and potato. The pathogen induced Ca2+ in the apoplast is transported to the cytosol where it binds to calmodulin (CAM). The Ca2+-CAM binds to histidine-rich-calcium-binding-protein (HRC) increasing Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol. The HRC moves to the nucleus and increases Ca2+ concentration that triggers endonucleases which induce AL-PCD, but not when HRC is silenced. The absence of AL-PCD reduced food for pathogen which results in reduced biomass and mycotoxin accumulation. The reduced gene function inhibition, promotes expression of the R-gene repertoire of the host, leading to enhanced multiple pathogen resistance. The functional HRC in commercial varieties of different crops can be silenced by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to enhance resistance to multiple pathogens.
Protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine on mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in Temporal lobe Epilepsy: possible role of mTOR
Authors: Mohammadi Ekram , Nikbakht Farnaz , Barati Mahmoud , Roghani Mehrdad , Vazifekhah Somayeh , Mohammadkhanizadeh Ali , Babaei Javad Fahanik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is critical for the development of more effective therapies. It is believed that mTOR (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin kinases) activity and the mitochondrial dynamic balance change during epilepsy. mTOR affects mitochondrial fission by stimulating the translation of mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1). In this study, the protective role of N-acetylcysteine was studied in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) through the regulation of mTOR and mitochondrial dynamic proteins. Rats received N-acetylcysteine (oral administration) seven days before induction of epilepsy, followed by one day after epilepsy. TLE was induced by microinjection of kainite into left lateral ventricle. The total mTOR and Drp1 levels were detected in the hippocampus by western blotting. MFN1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Fis.1 and MTFP1 (fission-related proteins) and OPA (fusion-related protein) was detected by real time PCR. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by Rhodamin 123. The results showed that 72 h after induction of epilepsy, the mTOR protein level increased, and the balance of the mitochondrial dynamic was disturbed; however, oral administration of NAC decreased the mTOR protein level and improved the mitochondrial dynamic. We concluded that NAC plays a neuroprotective role in temporal lobe epilepsy, probably through decreasing the mTOR protein level, which can improve the imbalance in the mitochondrial dynamic.
Regeneration of Cochlear Hair Cells in Adult Mice by Chemical Mediated Reprogramming
Authors: Quan Yi-Zhou , Wei Wei , Ergin Volkan , Rameshbabu Arun Prabhu , Huang Mingqian , Tian Chunjie , Saladi SV , Indzhykulian Artur , Chen Zheng-Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Strategies to overcome irreversible cochlear hair cell (HC) damage and loss are of vital importance to develop treatment for hearing loss. In mature mammalian cochlea, Myc and Notch1 co-activation reprograms supporting cells (SC) for HC regeneration. To understand the mechanisms underlying reprogramming, we performed single cell RNAseq and uncovered the pathways including Wnt and cAMP, whose blockade attenuate HC regeneration. We screened and identified a combination (the cocktail) of drug-like compounds of small molecules and siRNAs to activate the pathways of Myc, Notch1, Wnt and cAMP. We show that the cocktail effectively replaces Myc and Notch1 transgenes to reprogram adult wildtype supporting cells for HC regeneration in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate the cocktail is capable of reprogramming adult cochlea for HC regeneration in wild-type mice with hair cell loss in vivo. Our study identified a strategy by a clinically-relevant approach to reprogram mature inner ear for HC regeneration, laying the foundation for hearing restoration by HC regeneration.
Epigenetic Malleability at Core Promoter Initiates Tobacco PR-1a Expression post Salicylic Acid Treatment
Authors: Lodhi Niraj , Singh Mala , Srivast Rakesh , Sawant Samir V. , Tuli Rakesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tobacco’s PR-1a gene is induced by pathogen attack or exogenous application of Salicylic Acid (SA). However, the epigenetic modifications of the inducible promoter of the PR-1a gene are not fully understood yet. Nucleosome mapping and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to delineate the histone modifications on the PR-1a promoter. Here, we report correlated consequences of the epigenetic modifications correspond to disassembly of the nucleosome (spans from − 102 to + 55 bp, masks TATA and transcription initiation) and repressor complex from core promoter, eventually initiates the transcription of PR-1a gene post SA treatment. ChIP assays suggest repressive chromatin of di- methylation at H3K9 and H4K20 of nucleosome over core promoter in uninduced state. While active chromatin marks di and trimethylation of H3K4, acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16 are increased which are associated to the transcription initiation of PR-1a following SA treatment. Class I and II mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) enhances the expression of PR-1a by facilitating the histone acetylation post SA treatment. However, increased expression of a negative regulator (SNI1) of AtPR1, suppresses AtPR1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, we report increased expression of AtPR1 in uninduced LSD1 mutant plants, suppressed AtPR1 in uninduced histone acetyl transferases (HATs) mutant plants, SNI1 dependent negative regulation of AtPR1 suggest that its inactive state is indeed maintained by a repressive complex.