bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Dispersal and Relatedness in Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier)
Authors: McClain Margaret A. , Hammerschlag Neil , Gallagher Austin J. , Drymon J. Marcus , Grubbs R. Dean , Guttridge Tristan L. , Smukall Matthew J. , Frazier Bryan S. , Daly-Engel Toby S. 
Published: July 2022

Understanding dispersal in large marine fauna is necessary for conservation, but movement patterns often vary widely by sex and life stage. In sharks, genetic studies have shown evidence of widespread male-biased dispersal, though tagging and tracking studies on the same populations show both sexes using site fidelity, including philopatry, and moving similar distances. We used a suite of microsatellite loci and DNA samples from 362 previously-tagged tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the northwestern Atlantic, including a large number of residential juveniles, to evaluate reproductive dispersal in light of demographic and published tracking data. We found that lumping size classes together resulted in genetic panmixia across sites, but systematic removal of large individuals showed significant population-level differentiation and three separate population clusters among juveniles less than 260 cm total length. Tests for relatedness found that 8.9% of our sample set was composed of first-order related pairs (N = 16), including several full siblings from different litters, a sign of multi-cycle genetic monogamy which carries implications for effective population size. By mapping genetic assignments of juveniles, we identified a signature of fine-scale genetic structure suggesting broad biparental site fidelity to reproductive habitat in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, which is concordant with both genetic and tracking data. Taken together, these findings demonstrate how lumping individuals from different life stages in genetic studies may obscure fine-scale genetic structure, confounding future conservation efforts.
Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Prorocentrum concavum Population in Relation to Environmental Factors in Xincun Bay, a Tropical Coastal Lagoon in China
Authors: Zou Jian , Xie Hang , Zheng Chengzhi , Lu Songhui 
Published: July 2022

A harmful benthic Prorocentrum concavum bloom was recorded in August 2018 in Xincun Bay, China, which is the location of a national seagrass nature reserve. Annual ecological surveys have been conducted to study the population dynamics of P. concavum in the benthic community and water column. Seasonal variations in benthic P. concavum abundance were found and the abundances on seagrass and macroalgae in the wet season were 2.5 and 2.82 times higher, respectively, than those in the dry season, although the differences were not statistically significant. The abundance of P. concavum in the water column differed significantly between seasons. The maximum abundances of benthic and planktonic P. concavum were (1.7 ± 0.59) × 106 cells (100 cm2)−1 on Thalassia hemperichii in July and 2.0 × 104 ± 4.7 × 103 cells L−1 in June, respectively. High spatial heterogeneity in P. concavum abundance was observed among five sampling sites. Abundances were significantly higher in seagrass beds than those in macroalgae beds, mangroves, and coral reefs. The abundance of P. concavum at site A (in a seagrass bed and close to a cage-culture area) was 5.6 times higher than that at site D (seagrass bed and distant from the cage-culture area). Planktonic P. concavum showed a similar spatial distribution and presented a maximum density at site A. Moreover, the abundance of benthic P. concavum also showed heterogeneity on host substrates, and the abundance on T. hemperichii was significantly higher than that on sediment. Based on a Spearman’s test, temperature, dissolved organic phosphorus, and dissolved organic nitrogen were the three important factors driving the spatiotemporal distribution of benthic P. concavum in Xincun Bay. Planktonic P. concavum were derived from cells on the substrates and were influenced by concentrations of dissolved oxygen. In conclusion, seagrass beds may be a reservoir of harmful benthic algal blooms in Xincun Bay and the dense cage-culture area provides sufficient organic nutrients for the growth and reproduction of benthic dinoflagellates.
Characterization of the Rate of Injection of Diesel Solenoid Injectors Operated in the Multiple Injection Strategy: A Comparison of the Spray Momentum and Bosch Tube Methods
Authors: Aljohani Bassam S. , Ben Houidi Moez , Du Jianguo , Dyuisenakhmetov Aibolat , Mohan Balaji , AlRamadan Abdullah , Roberts William L. 
Published: July 2022

Multiple injection strategies can be used for controlling the heat release rate in an engine, particularly in compression ignition engines. This can mitigate the heat transfer losses and overcome the limitation related to the maximum pressure allowed for a particular engine. Controlling heat release with repetitive injections requires precise characterization of the fuel injection rates. In such a configuration, the injector used should be characterized for its hydraulic delay, rate of injection, and the effect of dwell timing with multiple injections. This study investigates the fuel injection behavior of a high-flow-rate solenoid injector operated with single and double injections. Two characterization methods, the momentum flux, and the Bosch tube are used and compared to investigate their suitability with the multiple injection strategies. Experiments with single injection are conducted by varying the Energizing Timing (ET) from 0.5 up to 2 ms. The tests with multiple injections (i.e., double injections) are conducted with a fixed ET of 0.5 ms, while the dwell times (δt) are varied from 0.1 up to 1 ms. All tests are performed at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 bar rail pressures. Depending on the injection pressure, the injector’s needle could not fully close with short dwell times and the injections are merged. The momentum flux method has faster ramp-up and decaying and more oscillations in the quasi-steady-state phase compared to the Bosch tube method. The effective duration of injection is overpredicted with the Bosch tube method. The momentum flux method is demonstrated to be more suitable for measuring the ROI of multiple injection strategies.
Perivascular spaces visible on magnetic resonance imaging predict subsequent delirium in older patients
Authors: Song Quhong , Zhao Yanli , Lin Taiping , Yue Jirong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIt remains unknown whether perivascular spaces (PVS) are associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients. We aimed to determine the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible PVS and the risk of delirium in a cohort of older patients.MethodsWe consecutively recruited older patients (≥70 years) admitted to the Geriatric Department of West China Hospital between March 2016 and July 2017, and their imaging data within one year before admission were reviewed retrospectively. PVS was rated on axial T2-weighted images in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) using the validated semiquantitative 4-point ordinal scale. Delirium was screened within 24 h of admission and three times daily thereafter, using the confusion assessment method. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between PVS and delirium.ResultsAmong 114 included patients (mean age 84.3 years, 72.8% male), delirium occurred in 20 (17.5%). In patients with MRI examined within 6 months before admission, CS-PVS was found to be associated with delirium (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-14.06, unadjusted; and OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.11-16.28, adjusted for age). The associations were enhanced and remained significant even after full adjustment of covariates (OR 7.16, 95% CI 1.16-44.32, adjusted for age, cognitive impairment, smoking, and Charlson Comorbidity Index). Similarly, the relationships between high CS-PVS and delirium were also strengthened after sequentially adjusting all variables of interest, with OR 4.17 (95% CI 1.04-16.73) in unadjusted model and OR 7.95 (95% CI 1.14-55.28) in fully-adjusted model. Adding CS-PVS to the established risk factors improved the risk reclassification for delirium (continuous net reclassification index 62.1%, P = 0.04; and integrated discrimination improvement 12.5%, P = 0.01).ConclusionsCS-PVS on MRI acquired 6 months earlier predicts subsequent delirium in older patients and may have clinical utility in delirium risk stratification to enable proactive interventions.
A Comparation Between Frame-Based and Robot-Assisted in Stereotactic Biopsy
Authors: Hu Yue , Cai Pu , Zhang Huawei , Adilijiang Aihemaitiniyazi , Peng Jun , Li Yun , Che Shanli , Lan Fei , Liu Changqing 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionFrame-based stereotactic biopsy is well-established to play an essential role in neurosurgery. In recent years, different robotic devices have been introduced in neurosurgery centers. This study aimed to compare the SINO surgical robot-assisted frameless brain biopsy with standard frame-based stereotactic biopsy in terms of efficacy, accuracy and complications.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 151 consecutive patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy at Chongqing Sanbo Jiangling Hospital between August 2017 and December 2021. All patients were divided into the frame-based group (n = 47) and the SINO surgical robot-assisted group (n = 104). The data collected included clinical characteristics, diagnostic yield, operation times, accuracy, and postoperative complications.ResultsThere was no significant difference in diagnostic yield between the frame-based group and the SINO surgical robot-assisted group (95.74 vs. 98.08%, p &gt; 0.05). The mean operation time in the SINO surgical robot-assisted group was significantly shorter than in the frame-based group (29.36 ± 13.64 vs. 50.57 ± 41.08 min). The entry point error in the frame-based group was significantly higher than in the robot-assisted group [1.33 ± 0.40 mm (0.47–2.30) vs. 0.92 ± 0.27 mm (0.35–1.65), P &lt; 0.001]. The target point error in the frame-based group was also significantly higher than in the robot-assisted group [1.63 ± 0.41 mm (0.74–2.65) vs. 1.10 ± 0.30 mm (0.69–2.03), P &lt; 0.001]. Finally, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups.ConclusionRobot-assisted brain biopsy becomes an increasingly mainstream tool in the neurosurgical procedure. The SINO surgical robot-assisted platform is as efficient, accurate and safe as standard frame-based stereotactic biopsy and provides a reasonable alternative to stereotactic biopsy in neurosurgery.
Cell Trajectory-Related Genes of Lung Adenocarcinoma Predict Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis of Patients
Authors: Luo Yu , Deng Xiaheng , Que Jun , Li Zhihua , Xie Weiping , Dai Guanqun , Chen Liang , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer which typically exhibits a diverse progression trajectory. Our study sought to explore the cell differentiation trajectory of LUAD and its clinical relevance.MethodsUtilizing a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE117570), we identified LUAD cells of distinct differential status along with differentiation-related genes (DRGs). DRGs were applied to the analysis of bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE72094) to classify tumors into different subtypes, whose clinical relevance was further analyzed. DRGs were also applied to gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using another bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing dataset (TCGA-LUAD). Genes from modules that demonstrated a significant correlation with clinical traits and were differentially expressed between normal tissue and tumors were identified. Among these, genes with significant prognostic relevance were used for the development of a prognostic nomogram, which was tested on TCGA-LUAD dataset and validated in GSE72094. Finally, CCK-8, EdU, cell apoptosis, cell colony formation, and Transwell assays were used to verify the functions of the identified genes.ResultsFour clusters of cells with distinct differentiation status were characterized, whose DRGs were predominantly correlated with pathways of immune regulation. Based on DRGs, tumors could be clustered into four subtypes associated with distinct immune microenvironment and clinical outcomes. DRGs were categorized into four modules. A total of nine DRGs (SFTPB, WFDC2, HLA-DPA1, TIMP1, MS4A7, HLA-DQA1, VCAN, KRT8, and FABP5) with most significant survival-predicting power were integrated to develop a prognostic model, which outperformed the traditional parameters in predicting clinical outcomes. Finally, we verified that knockdown of WFDC2 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted the apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro.ConclusionThe cellular composition and cellular differentiation status of tumor mass can predict the clinical outcomes of LUAD patients. It also plays an important role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment.
Outcome of lung oligometastatic patients treated with stereotactic body irradiation
Authors: Virbel Guillaume , Cox David G. , Olland Anne , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Le Fevre Clara , Schott Roland , Antoni Delphine , Noel Georges 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe oligometastatic stage is an intermediate stage of cancer between the localized stage and polymetastatic stage. The prognosis of patients in this stage also appears to be intermediate. Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy is a possible tool for treating oligometastatic lung sites. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes in terms of local control, progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity of SBRT in oligometastatic patients with lung metastases from any solid primary tumor.Materials and methodsClinical records of consecutive lung oligometastatic patients treated between January 2010 and December 2020 for lung SBRT at 60 Gy in 3- or 8-fraction schedules and a controlled primary tumor were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 20.3 months, local failure occurred for 14 lesions, 57 patients experienced lung progression, and 64 patients experienced disease progression. Overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 85.6 and 69.7%, respectively. Fifty-two patients experienced radiation pneumonitis, but only 2 patients were symptomatic and presented grade 2 late pneumonitis. No grade 3-4 toxicity was observed. ECOG 0 was the only prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 3.5; 95% CI 3.2-3.8; p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionSBRT with a 60-Gy schedule in 8 fractions is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with lung oligometastases from any solid primary tumor.
Neonatal sepsis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in very low birthweight infants at preschool age
Authors: Giordano Vito , Stummer Sophie , Lindtner Claudia , Fuiko Renate , Berger Angelika , Pichler Karin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate neonatal sepsis as potential risk factor for adverse behavioral outcome in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) at preschool age. Regardless of improvements in the obstetric and neonatal intensive care, preterm infants are still at high risk for behavioral problems later in life. The spectrum, origin and potential risk factors of these behavioral problems have not been well-defined.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, the influence of culture-proven neonatal sepsis on the behavioral outcome of VLBWI born at a gestational age &lt;32 weeks was analyzed at 5 years of age in a multivariable regression model. Behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neonatal morbidities, socioeconomic status and neurodevelopmental outcome served as covariates in the analysis.Results312 VLBWI entered the final analysis, of whom 11% had experienced neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis appeared to be a relevant risk factor for both internalizing, i.e., emotional reactivity and anxiety/depression, as well as externalizing behavioral problems, i.e., oppositional and aggressive behavior in this cohort of VLBWI. Low socioeconomic status and male gender were additional statistically significant risk factors for both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. No difference in neurocognitive development was observed between the groups.ConclusionThe study supports the fact that VLBWI are vulnerable to multiple behavioral disorders independent of their cognitive development. In contrast to former assumptions, the results of the study emphasize that not only post-natal environment but also neonatal morbidities, especially neonatal sepsis, have an impact on behavioral outcome of VLBWI at preschool age.
The Epidemiology and Outcome of Biliary Atresia: Saudi Arabian National Study (2000–2018)
Authors: Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman , Abanemai Mohammed , Alhebbi Homoud , Saadah Omar , Bader Razan , Al Sarkhy Ahmed , Alhatlani Maher , Halabi Hana , Aladsani Ahmed , AlEdreesi Mohammed , Wali Sami , Alguofi Talal , Al-drees Khalid , Arain Zahid , Al Saleem Badr , Asery Ali , Holdar Sinan , Alrashidi Sami , Alsayed Fahad , Aldhalan Sulaiman , NasserAllah Amira , Alghamdi Rawabi , Alhaffaf Faisal , AlAwfi Ahmed , AlSweed Abdulrahman , Alshamrani Ali , AlShaikh Manal , Saeed Anjum , Assiri Heba , Bashir Muhammed Salman 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe epidemiology and outcomes of biliary atresia (BA) have been well-documented in national cohorts from two main ethnicities, namely, the Asian Orientals and Caucasians, with incidence ranging from 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 9,000 live births in East Asia and 1 in 15,000 to 19,000 live births in Europe and North America.ObjectiveWe report the first nationwide BA study outside North America, Europe, and East Asia to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of BA in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA national database of BA cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 was analyzed. We assessed clearance of jaundice (bilirubin &lt;20 μmol/L) in all cases that underwent Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). We then estimated survival using the Kaplan–Meier method with endpoints of liver transplantation (LT), death, or survival with native liver (SNL).ResultsBA was diagnosed in 204 infants (106 females; 10% pre-term). The incidence of BA was 1 in 44,365, or 2.254 in 100,000 live births (range, 0.5–4 in 100,000). Polysplenia was diagnosed in 22 cases (11%). The median age at referral was 65 days. A total of 146 children (71.5%) underwent KPE at a median age of 70 days. Clearance of jaundice was achieved in 66 of the 146 (45%) infants. The 10-year SNL after KPE was 25.5%, and the overall 10-year estimated survival was 72.5%. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves for patients undergoing KPE at the age of &lt;60, 61–90, and &gt;90 days showed a SNL rate at 51.6, 33, and 12.5%, respectively, at 5 years (P &lt; 0.001). The 2-, 5-, and 10-year post-LT survival rates were 92.5, 90.6, and 90%, respectively. Undergoing an initial KPE did not impact negatively on the overall LT survival rate when compared to BA cases that underwent primary LT (P = 0.88).ConclusionThe incidence rate of BA in Saudi Arabia is lower than the incidence reported elsewhere. Late referral of BA cases remains a problem in Saudi Arabia; as a result, the SNL rate was lower than reported by other national registries. Hence, national policies devoted to timely referral and earlier age at KPE are needed.
Distribution of pediatric keratoconus by different age and gender groups
Authors: Yang Kaili , Gu Yuwei , Xu Liyan , Fan Qi , Zhu Meng , Wang Qing , Yin Shanshan , Zhang Bo , Pang Chenjiu , Ren Shengwei 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the distribution of pediatric keratoconus patients and the disease severity based on different age and gender groups in China.Materials and methodsA total of 446 keratoconus eyes in 266 pediatric patients from January 2019 to January 2022 were included in the cross-sectional study. The clinical findings and severity of keratoconus were recorded and Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-squared test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test were used to compare the parameters between different gender and age groups.ResultsThe male/female ratio was 353/93 (3.8:1), and the median age was 16 years (range: 6–17 years). Male patients were statistically younger than female patients (P = 0.041). The male/female ratio decreased with age (P for trend = 0.011). The distribution of the topographic keratoconus classification (TKC) stage was significantly different between gender and age groups (all P &lt; 0.05). Male patients had a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus eyes (TKC ≥ 3) than female patients (P &lt; 0.001), and CMH analysis indicated that being a male was a risk factor for advanced keratoconus after controlling for age (odds ratio: 2.581, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMale keratoconus patients were younger, with a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus than female patients in the Chinese pediatric patients evaluated. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are necessary in the future.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Disorder of Reproductive Age, Its Pathogenesis, and a Discussion on the Emerging Role of Herbal Remedies
Authors: Zeng Ling-Hui , Rana Saba , Hussain Liaqat , Asif Muhammad , Mehmood Malik Hassan , Imran Imran , Younas Anam , Mahdy Amina , Al-Joufi Fakhria A. , Abed Shaymaa Najm 
Published: July 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common, complex, and heterogeneous endocrine disorder of women that involves a combination of environmental and genetic factors. PCOS affects women of growing age particularly at the early to late reproductive stage (15–35 years). Currently, PCOS affects 1 in every 10 women worldwide. It is characterized majorly by a raised level of androgens such as testosterone and a large number of ovarian cysts (more than 10) that cause anovulation, infertility, and irregular menstrual cycle. PCOS is also related to other endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity, hirsutism, acne, diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose impairment. PCOS can be treated with allopathic, ayurvedic, and natural or herbal medications along with lifestyle modifications. Herbal medicines remained in demand for numerous reasons such as high cost and side effects associated with the use of allopathic medicine and our traditional norms, which have helped humans to use more herbal products for their health benefits. Estrogenic and nonestrogenic phytochemicals present in various plant species such as Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Fabaceae], Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. [Asphodelaceae], Silybum marianum (L.). Gaertn. [Asteraceae], Serenoa repens (W.Bartram) Small [Arecaceae], Actaea racemosa L. [Ranunculaceae], and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae] are effective and harmless. Herbal medicines are found to be cost-effective, efficacious, and a highly esteemed source of management/treatment for PCOS than allopathic medicines. In this literature review, diagnosis, signs, and symptoms of PCOS; causes of hormonal imbalance; and risk factors associated with PCOS and their management are discussed briefly, and the focus was to find out the role of herbal remedies in PCOS management.