bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus statements for evaluation and nonpharmacological Management of Psoriatic Arthritis in UAE
Authors: Alnaqbi Khalid A. , Hannawi Suad , Namas Rajaie , Alshehhi Waleed , Badsha Humeira , Al‐Saleh Jamal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivePsoriatic arthritis (PsA), a chronic inflammatory arthropathy, is often underdiagnosed in Middle Eastern countries, substantially impacting the treatment of affected individuals. This article aims to highlight current unmet clinical needs and provide consensus recommendations for region‐specific evaluation methods and nonpharmacological therapies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodAn extensive literature review was conducted, focusing especially on global and regional guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of PsA. These form the basis of the consensus statements formulated. Additionally, an expert panel of key opinion leaders from the UAE reviewed these guidelines and available literature at an advisory board meeting to identify unmet needs, bridge clinical gaps in the UAE, and develop consensus statements for the evaluation and treatment of PsA.ResultThe consensus statements were developed based on overarching principles for the management of PsA, evaluation of patients with PsA, and nonpharmacological approaches for the management of PsA. The overarching principles included adopting a targeted, multidisciplinary approach, along with collaboration between rheumatologists and dermatologists in cases of clinically significant skin involvement. The panel also highlighted the value of composite disease severity measures for characterizing clinical manifestations of PsA. In terms of nonpharmacological management approaches, lifestyle modification (comprising dietary change, exercise, and cessation of smoking) and psychotherapy were recommended.ConclusionThe consensus statements will aid healthcare professionals in clinical decision‐making in the context of PsA.
Matrix‐producing cells formed ‘Van Gogh bundles’ facilitate Bacillus subtilis biofilm self‐healing
Authors: Dong Fulin , Liu Song , Zhang Duohuai , Zhang Jinchang , Wang Xiaoling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiofilms grow and expand through cell differentiation into various phenotypes, which have different functions and cooperate with each other. In our experiments, we find that biofilms can heal after damaged, and we also find there is a special structure near the cut, which is called the ‘Van Gogh bundles’ by Jordi et al. because of its resemblance to Van Gogh's famous painting ‘The Starry Night’. Here, we study the ‘Van Gogh bundles’ structure evolution near the cut area, and how ‘Van Gogh bundles’ structure facilitates the cut healing by observing microscopic images of bacterial colonies growing from wild‐type and mutant strains. We find that the amount of matrix‐producing cells contributes to the ‘Van Gogh bundles’ structure, such as curvature. Through the comparison of curvatures of ‘Van Gogh bundles’ and the rate of the cut healing, we find that the smaller the curvature, the faster healing rate. To better explain the above experiment observations, we establish an individual‐based model and simulate the formation and growth of ‘Van Gogh bundles’ along the cut by giving rules for an individual cell like cell growth, division and turning rules, and also ‘Van Gogh bundles’ fold division rule.
ForestScanner: A mobile application for measuring and mapping trees with LiDAR‐equipped iPhone and iPad
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Yamaguchi Keiji , Furuya Naoyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Ground‐based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative means to conventional forest inventory methods. By gauging the distances to multiple points on the surrounding object surfaces, LiDAR acquires 3D point clouds from which tree sizes and spatial distributions can be rapidly estimated. However, the high cost and specialized skills associated with LiDAR technologies have put them out of reach for many potential users.

We here introduce ForestScanner, a free, mobile application that allows LiDAR‐based forest inventories by means of iPhone or iPad with a built‐in LiDAR sensor. ForestScanner does not require any manual analysis of 3D point clouds. As the user scans trees with an iPhone/iPad, ForestScanner estimates the stem diameters and spatial coordinates based on real‐time instance segmentation and circle fitting. The users can visualize, check and share the scanning results in situ.

By using ForestScanner, we measured the stem diameters and spatial coordinates of 672 trees within a 1 ha plot in 1 hr 39 min with an iPhone and in 1 hr 38 min with an iPad (diameter ≥ 5 cm; detection rate = 100%). The diameters measured by ForestScanner and a diameter tape were in good agreement; R2 = 0.963 for iPhone and R2 = 0.961 for iPad. ForestScanner and a conventional surveying system showed almost identical results for tree mapping (assessed by the spatial distances among trees within 0.04 ha subplots); Mantel R2 = 0.999 for both iPhone and iPad. ForestScanner reduced the person‐hours required for measuring diameters to 25.7%, mapping trees to 9.3%, and doing both to 6.8% of the person‐hours taken using a dimeter tape and the conventional surveying system.

Our results indicate that ForestScanner enables cost‐, labour‐ and time‐efficient forest inventories. The application can increase the accessibility to LiDAR for non‐experts (e.g. students, citizen scientists) and enhance resource assessments and biodiversity monitoring in forests world‐wide.
EcoPhyloMapper: An r package for integrating geographical ranges, phylogeny and morphology
Authors: Title Pascal O. , Swiderski Donald L. , Zelditch Miriam L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Spatial patterns of species richness, phylogenetic and morphological diversity are key to answering many questions in ecology and evolution. Across spatial scales, geographical and environmental features, as well as evolutionary history and phenotypic traits, are thought to play roles in shaping both local species communities and regional assemblages. By examining these geographical patterns, it is possible to infer how different axes of biodiversity influence one another, and how their interaction with abiotic factors has led to the spatial distribution of species assemblages—and their attributes—that we observe in the present. Although there has been interest in this area of research for some time, it has recently become more tractable to include multivariate shape data in such analyses. Shape information has the potential to provide a more direct measure of the functional morphology of species as compared to individual trait measurements and might be more relevant to understanding community composition. However, few tools currently exist to explore geographical patterns of both phylogenetic and shape diversity.

We present the EcoPhyloMapper r package (epm) that aims to streamline the handling of geographical range polygons or point occurrences and integration of resulting species metacommunities with phylogenetic trees and morphological shape.

Geographical maps can be generated that demonstrate spatial patterns in diversity metrics pertaining to phylogenetic similarity, multivariate shape similarity and disparity, and combinations of the two. Patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic and shape disparity turnover can also be visualized. Biodiversity indices summarized across grid cells can easily be exported to GIS software as well as to other r packages that specialize in community assembly or geospatial statistics.

This r package will facilitate the geographical exploration of multivariate shape data in concert with phylogenetic diversity, which will, in turn, support macroecological research exploring how species assemblages are structured. Furthermore, this r package should prove useful across a wide range of macroecological applications that extend beyond the study of morphology.
Influence of access cavity design, sodium hypochlorite formulation and XP‐endo Shaper usage on apical debris extrusion – A laboratory investigation
Authors: Jose Jerry , Thamilselvan Aishuwariya , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Rossi–Fedele Giampiero 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study assessed the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using XP‐endo shaper and the supplemental use of XP‐endo finisher comparing the use of traditional endodontic access or conservative endodontic access cavities and liquid or gel‐based formulations of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or distilled water as supplemental agents. Maxillary first premolar teeth (N = 148) were randomly divided based on their access cavity design and sub‐grouped according to the supplemental agent used. The amount of extruded debris was analysed based on the dry weight of the debris collected using a previously established laboratory methodology. Debris extrusion occurred in all groups. Overall, the traditional endodontic access cavity design was associated with more debris extrusion compared to the conservative type. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution showed higher debris extrusion than the gel, whilst distilled water had intermediate values.
Was the trip worth it? Consistency between decision and experienced utility assessments of recreational nature visits
Authors: Börger Tobias , Maccagnan Anna , White Mathew P. , Elliott Lewis R. , Taylor Tim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses the relationship between decision utility and experienced utility of recreational nature visits. The former is measured as the travel cost to reach that site as routinely used by the travel cost method (TCM), and the latter is operationalized through visit‐related subjective well‐being (SWB). As such, the analysis is a test of convergent validity by examining whether ex ante TCM‐based assessment of recreational value reflecting decision utility corresponds to stated ex post SWB, reflecting experienced utility. It explores to what extent utility revealed by counts of nature visits are associated with self‐reported, visit‐related SWB relating to that same visited site. The analysis uses two existing datasets providing information on (i) 3672 recreational visits to green/blue spaces in England over the course of four years and (ii) 5937 recreational visits to bluespace sites across 14 European countries over one year. Results show a positive association between travel cost and visit‐related SWB while controlling for trip frequency and a large set of covariates, suggesting convergent validity of the two utility concepts. A breakdown by travel mode suggests this relationship only holds for trips involving motorized transport and is not present for habitual, chore‐like walking visits to the recreational site.
Minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal sinus disease in a paediatric population: comparison of two techniques
Authors: Fernandes Sara , Soares‐Aquino Carolina , Teixeira Inês , Monteiro Joana Mafalda , Campos Miguel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal disease (PD) is a common and debilitating inflammatory condition with significant impact on quality of life. Minimally invasive techniques (MIT) have shown promising results comparing to traditional excision. Herein we present a comparison of two MIT techniques ‐sinusectomy (SE) and pit‐picking plus laser ablation (PPL).MethodsAll cases of paediatric PD treated by PPL and SE at our center between August 2018 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOne‐hundred and six patients were included, with a median age of 16 years (IQR 15–16). PPL was the procedure of choice in 36 patients (34%) and the remaining underwent SE (66%). Median healing time was significantly lower in SE group (20 days), comparing to PPL (30 days) (p = 0.002). Early healing failure occurred more frequently in the PPL group (p = 0.003). Recurrence rate was similar between groups ‐ PPL 17% versus SE 16% (p = 0.89). Overall complication rate was 9% and was significantly higher in PPL (p = 0.03).ConclusionsMIT techniques are promising solutions in PD treatment. Although similarly easy and fast to perform, SE technique showed better healing profile and lower complication rate but no significant difference on recurrence rates was observed.
Lung abscess: 14 years of experience in a tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Fernando Dhanushke T. , Bhatt Rudra , Saiganesh Aarti , Schultz André , Gera Parshotam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung abscess is a rare condition in paediatrics with a paucity of literature. Intravenous antibiotics is the main therapy; however interventional radiological approaches have led to the use of percutaneous drainage. Surgery is reserved for the management of complications. The aim of this study was to describe lung abscess in a cohort of paediatric patients' and determine associations between factors at presentation and outcomes.MethodsA 14‐year retrospective cohort study was conducted including all children who presented to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Western Australia with lung abscess. Clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiologic findings, management options and clinical outcomes were examined.ResultsSixty‐eight patients (median age 3.6 (0.08–17.6) years; 44.1% female) were identified to have a lung abscess, with 81% being primary lung abscess. Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common organisms identified, with S. aureus being most common in Aboriginal patients (80%). A total of 25 antibiotics were prescribed on initiation of treatment in over 20 combinations. 44.9% of patients had complications and hospitalization was prolonged. Patients with S. aureus had longer hospitalization (20.5 days (3–67) than those without (median 13 days (3–52), p = 0.04). There were no associations between factors at presentation and subsequent outcomes. Factors at presentation were not associated with outcomes.ConclusionThere is unwarranted variation in management of paediatric lung abscess and high complication rates. There is a need for collaboration and clinical practice guidelines to standardize care for lung abscess in children.
Identifying new drugs associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A WHO pharmacovigilance database disproportionality analysis
Authors: Hlavaty Alex , Roustit Matthieu , Montani David , Chaumais Marie‐Camille , Guignabert Christophe , Humbert Marc , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Khouri Charles 
Published: June 2022

Since the 1960s, several drugs have been linked to the onset or aggravation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): dasatinib, some amphetamine‐like appetite suppressants (aminorex, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, benfluorex) and recreational drugs (methamphetamine). Moreover, in numerous cases, the implication of other drugs with PAH have been suggested, but the precise identification of iatrogenic aetiologies of PAH is challenging given the scarcity of this disease and the potential long latency period between drug intake and PAH onset. In this context, we used the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase, to generate new hypotheses about drug associated PAH.MethodsWe used VigiBase, the largest pharmacovigilance database worldwide to generate disproportionality signals through the Bayesian neural network method. All disproportionality signals were further independently reviewed by experts in pulmonary arterial hypertension, pharmacovigilance and vascular pharmacology and their plausibility ranked according to World Health Organization causality categories.ResultsWe included 2184 idiopathic PAH cases, yielding a total of 93 disproportionality signals. Among them, 25 signals were considered very likely, 15 probable, 28 possible and 25 unlikely. Notably, we identified 4 new protein kinases inhibitors (lapatinib, lorlatinib, ponatinib and ruxolitinib), 1 angiogenesis inhibitor (bevacizumab), and several chemotherapeutics (etoposide, trastuzumab), antimetabolites (cytarabine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, gemcitabine) and immunosuppressants (leflunomide, thalidomide, ciclosporin).ConclusionSuch signals represent plausible adverse drug reactions considering the knowledge of iatrogenic PAH, the drugs' biological and pharmacological activity and the characteristics of the reported case. Although confirmatory studies need to be performed, the signals identified may help clinicians envisage an iatrogenic aetiology when faced with a patient who develops PAH.
The energetic costs of sub‐lethal helminth parasites in mammals: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shanebeck Kyle M. , Besson Anne A. , Lagrue Clement , Green Stephanie J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTParasites, by definition, have a negative effect on their host. However, in wild mammal health and conservation research, sub‐lethal infections are commonly assumed to have negligible health effects unless parasites are present in overwhelming numbers. Here, we propose a definition for host health in mammals that includes sub‐lethal effects of parasites on the host's capacity to adapt to the environment and maintain homeostasis. We synthesized the growing number of studies on helminth parasites in mammals to assess evidence for the relative magnitude of sub‐lethal effects of infection across mammal taxa based on this expanded definition. Specifically, we develop and apply a framework for organizing disparate metrics of parasite effects on host health and body condition according to their impact on an animal's energetic condition, defined as the energetic burden of pathogens on host physiological and behavioural functions that relate directly to fitness. Applying this framework within a global meta‐analysis of helminth parasites in wild, laboratory and domestic mammal hosts produced 142 peer‐reviewed studies documenting 599 infection‐condition effects. Analysing these data within a multiple working hypotheses framework allowed us to evaluate the relative weighted contribution of methodological (study design, sampling protocol, parasite quantification methods) and biological (phylogenetic relationships and host/parasite life history) moderators to variation in the magnitude of health effects. We found consistently strong negative effects of infection on host energetic condition across taxonomic groups, with unusually low heterogeneity in effect sizes when compared with other ecological meta‐analyses. Observed effect size was significantly lower within cross‐sectional studies (i.e. observational studies that investigated a sub‐set of a population at a single point in time), the most prevalent methodology. Furthermore, opportunistic sampling led to a weaker negative effect compared to proactive sampling. In the model of host taxonomic group, the effect of infection on energetic condition in carnivores was not significant. However, when sampling method was included, it explained substantial inter‐study variance; proactive sampling showing a strongly significant negative effect while opportunistic sampling detected only a weak, non‐significant effect. This may partly underlie previous assumptions that sub‐lethal parasites do not have significant effects on host health. We recommend future studies adopt energetic condition as the framework for assessing parasite effects on wildlife health and provide guidelines for the selection of research protocols, health proxies, and relating infection to fitness.
In vivo and in vitro characterization of GL0034, a novel long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist
Authors: Jones Ben , Burade Vinod , Akalestou Elina , Manchanda Yusman , Ramchunder Zenouska , Carrat Gaëlle , Nguyen‐Tu Marie‐Sophie , Marchetti Piero , Piemonti Lorenzo , Leclerc Isabelle , Thennati Rajamannar , Vilsboll Tina , Thorens Bernard , Tomas Alejandra , Rutter Guy A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe the in vitro characteristics and antidiabetic in vivo efficacy of the novel glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) GL0034.Materials and MethodsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) kinetic binding parameters, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling, endocytosis and recycling were measured using HEK293 and INS‐1832/3 cells expressing human GLP‐1R. Insulin secretion was measured in vitro using INS‐1832/3 cells, mouse islets and human islets. Chronic administration studies to evaluate weight loss and glycaemic effects were performed in db/db and diet‐induced obese mice.ResultsCompared to the leading GLP‐1RA semaglutide, GL0034 showed increased binding affinity and potency‐driven bias in favour of cAMP over GLP‐1R endocytosis and β‐arrestin‐2 recruitment. Insulin secretory responses were similar for both ligands. GL0034 (6 nmol/kg) led to at least as much weight loss and lowering of blood glucose as did semaglutide at a higher dose (14 nmol/kg).ConclusionsGL0034 is a G protein‐biased agonist that shows powerful antidiabetic effects in mice, and may serve as a promising new GLP‐1RA for obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Significant reduction in chronic kidney disease progression with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors compared to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes in a UK clinical setting: An observational outcomes study based on international guidelines for kidney disease
Authors: Idris Iskandar , Zhang Ruiqi , Mamza Jil B. , Ford Mike , Morris Tamsin , Banerjee Amitava , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo confirm the reno‐protective effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors on the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in routine clinical practice.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. The primary outcome was risk of the composite CKD endpoint based on the recent consensus guidelines for kidney disease: >40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), kidney death or end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD; a composite of kidney transplantation, maintenance of dialysis, sustained low eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73m² or diagnosis of ESKD). Secondary outcomes were components of the composite CKD endpoint, analysed separately. Patients were propensity‐score‐matched 1:1 for SGLT2 inhibitor versus DPP‐4 inhibitor use.ResultsA total of 131 824 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were identified; 79.0% had no known history of CKD. During a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was associated with lower risk of progression to composite kidney endpoints than DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation (7.48 vs. 11.77 events per 1000 patient‐years, respectively). Compared with DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation, SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was associated with reductions in the primary composite CKD endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56‐0.74), all‐cause mortality (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64‐0.86) and ESKD (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25‐0.55), reduced the rate of sustained low eGFR (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19‐0.57), and reduced diagnoses of ESKD in primary care (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01‐0.18). Results were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn adults with T2D, initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CKD progression and death compared with initiation of a DPP‐4 inhibitor.
Preface
Authors: Escobar‐Bravo Rocío , Lommen Suzanne T. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOriginally, the 17th Symposium on Insect‐Plant Relationships (SIP‐17) was scheduled to take place in Leiden, The Netherlands, in July 2020. However, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the symposium was postponed to July 2021 and held in an exclusively online format. This exceptional edition has resulted in four strong contributions to the journal. It is with great pleasure that we now present a themed issue including the proceedings of SIP‐17, supplemented with eight regular articles within the subject of insect‐plant relationships.