bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Justice's Absence in Modern World: Galsworthy's Depiction in Justice
Authors: Mahdi Sanaa Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

Justice is like a machine that rolls on itself when someone has once given it the starting. In the discussion of justice, the term social problem has been used many times in modern social tragedy, known as problem plays for their concerns with social problems. These plays reveal the awful forces of society against a man that caused his suffering and death. They overemphasize the social dilemma and social consequences. The absence of justice leads to the failure of the legal system that gives severe punishments to the poor without taking into consideration the circumstances behind their crimes. The unfair practices of the judicial system never punish the upper class for their crimes in time and put wretched poor people in prison for committing unimportant or trivial acts. In the modern world, a man, especially the poor, is crushed under the wheel of justice. The hypocrisy, intolerance, ignorance, tyranny, and the false values of the world heap injustice on man and make him find peace only in death. Man is inherently good, but the social institutions have often victimized him and hindered his subsistence and development. The absence of justice is the main reason that causes all man's depression, out of which is born disappointment, disillusionment, and death.
Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hussain Sharmin , Morshed AKM Amirul , Akter Naima , Khan Niaz Mohammad , Aziz Afrin , Khan Zohora Jameela 
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy.There are many successful treatment regimens for ALL. The chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of ALL are potentially hepatotoxic. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has some role in preventing chemotherapy induced hepatotoxicity. The study was done to find out the hepatoprotective efficacy of UDCA in childhood ALL.
Materials &Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in the department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. A total of 35 patients diagnosed as ALL were randomized in two groups.One group got UDCA along with chemotherapy and the other group chemotherapy alone. Estimation of S. ALT, S. AST and S. bilirubin were done before and after 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th week of starting chemotherapy.
Result: The mean levels of S. ALT and S. AST were higher in the group that did not get UDCA. There were significant differences between S. ALT and S. AST level after 4th weeks of starting chemotherapy. However, S. bilirubin level was almost similar in both groups.
Conclusion: UDCA showed hepatoprotective efficacy in induction period of chemotherapy.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 29-33
Invasive Fungal Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancy
Authors: Jamal Chowdhury Yakub , Nigar Ismet 
Published: June 2022

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with haematolgical malignancies. Factors that appear to be associated with IFIs in both children and adults in this severely immunosuppressed population are the underlying malignancies, presence of profound and long lasting neutropenia, high intensity of the therapeutic regimens, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and previous antibiotic therapy. In patients with hematological malignancy most invasive fungal infections are caused by Candida and Aspergillous species. Though the incidence of IFI in adult may be as high as 30 % and the mortality up to 50 %, the true incidence in children and its outcome are more difficult to assess because of the growing trends towards more invasive chemotherapeutic regimens, the development and introduction of new antifungal drugs and prophylactic antifungal strategies and difference in design and patient populations among the various studies. In general the incidence rate in children appears to be lower than in adults. The diagnosis are based on the basis of microbiological and radioimagings with the criteria defined by the EORTC/MSG. Caspofungin, Liposomal amphotericin B and Voriconazole are often the first line empirical antifungal agents
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 34-40
Knowledge and Attitude of Health Care Providers on the Use of Partogram: A Study in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Joty Fahmida Sharmin , Begum Anwara , Adhikary Alpana , Sultana Kishwar , Rahman Ashrafur , Dewan Farhana 
Published: June 2022

Background: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care providers regarding effective use of the partogram in monitoring the progress of labour.
Methods: A total fifty health care providers were assessed with a preformed questionnaire during pre and post exposure to a 5-day training program and their pre- and post-test scores were analyzed. Attitude was assessed by checking randomly selected 50 partographs filled up by trained health care providers. Their attitude also tested by direct interviewing with 50 service providers.
Results: Mean age of the respondents was 31.22 (±6.32) years. There was significant improvement of test scores after the training program. Random partograph assessment showed 85.4% correct response. Majority respondents showed positive attitude towards the use of partograph.
Conclusion: Results of this study shows that the 5-day training program on use of partograph is effective. But further training programs including refresher training and capacity building on programme is required for long term success on the use of partograph.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 99-105
Association of Dyslipidemia and Obesity in Postmenopausal Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Ahmed Qumrun Nassa , Md Manzurur Rahim Choudhury Faisal , Masood Naimah , Nahar Kamrun , Khatun Shahla 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Menopause is a natural process. After menopause the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in women is increased due to lack of oestrogen protection, aging effect, increased body weight, android pattern of body fat distribution, changes in metabolism and lipid profile.1,2 So the present study is aimed at measuring the serum lipid profile and BMI in postmenopausal women of Bangladesh, thus detecting dyslipidemia and obesity to ascertain the relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease in this group.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obst and Gynae Department of Green life Medical College Hospital among 150 otherwise healthy postmenopausal women from October 2017 to April 2018. Fasting blood obtained for testing lipid profile. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured using enzymatic procedures. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was estimated by Friedewald formula. Questionnaire-cum interview method was used to obtain relevant informations. BMI was calculated from weight in kg and height in cm by Metric BMI calculator. Dyslipidemia was identified based on serum lipid levels following the standard protocol proposed by the national guidelines.
Result: A total of 150 participants aged between 43 years to 70 years, were included in this study. Average age of the study subjects were 53.53±3.2 years. A mean duration of menopause was 7.23±0.92 years. The range BMI level was 19.1 to 36.6. Among them BMI <24.9 , was found in 28.30% of women, BMI 25 to 29.9 was found in 49.5 % women and 22.23 % women had BMI of >30. According to standard guideline BMI <24.9 is considered normal, 25-29.9 is overweight and BMI more than 30 is obese. In this study among normal BMI group 59.4% had normal lipid profile and 29.7% had isolated hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia in 10.9% patients. In the group with BMI 25 to 29.9 (overweight) normal lipid level was in 52.3% women, isolated hypertriglyceridemia found in 17.6% women and dyslipidaemia was in 30.1% women. In the group with BMI >30 (obese) normal lipid level was in 5.8% of the women, isolated hypertriglyceridemia found in 29.4% women and dyslipidaemia was in 64.8% women. HDL-C level was low in 83.3% women of >30 BMI group and normal in 66.67% women of normal BMI group.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia, based primarily on the high cholesterol level and high LDL was observed among the overweight and obese group of study population. Therefore, it can be concluded that menopause leads to changes in lipid profile by increasing total and LDL cholesterol and by reducing HDL cholesterol which indicates menopause may be an additional risk factor for dyslipidemia causing cardiovascular disease in Bangladeshi women.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 20-24
Paradigm Shift in Clinical Practice of Induction of Labor: A Single Centre Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Tshering Sangay , Dorji Namkha 
Published: June 2022

The burden of induction of labor is rising globally. The clinical practice guidelines on induction of labor is time bound and must be built on evidence based practice. The scope of update must be contextual to the local setting with expected positive implications. Any recommendations or change in practice must ensure feasibility, accessibility and practicality. We present a review on IOL adapted to our setting.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 37-40
Congenital Rubella Syndrome – Is it Possible to Eliminate?
Authors: Iqbal Hasina , Mamun Kazi Taib , Mahboob Nabeela , Afrin Sabrina , Jannat Hasnatul 
Published: June 2022

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is one of the most devastating congenital infections and yet the only one which is vaccine preventable. Rubella remains an important pathogen globally with approximately 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) to occur each year. It is a public health challenge for clinicians and policymakers across the developing world including Bangladesh. The clinical manifestations of CRS in newborn are a spectrum of congenital defects such as growth retardation, cardiac defects, cataracts, and hearing impairment. The development of vaccines and implementation of vaccination strategies have substantially reduced the incidence of the disease and in turn of CRS in developed countries. In Bangladesh CRS is still an under-recognized public health problem. Therefore, routine vaccination and other preventive strategies should be taken maintained and surveillance studies should be conducted to eliminate CRS from our country.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 41-45
Competitive antagonism of housefly γ-aminobutyric acid receptors by iminopyridazine butanoic acids
Authors: Rahman MM , Ozoe F , Ozoe Y 
Published: June 2022

The competitive antagonistic activities of a series of gabazine (3) based 3-substituted iminopyridazine butanoic acid analogs [4-(3-aryl/heteroaryl-1,6-dihydro- 6-iminopyridazin-1-yl) butanoic acid hydrochlorides] 4a-4k (Figure 1) were examined at housefly (Musca domestica) GABA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) technique. The 4-biphenylyl analog 4e exhibited the highest inhibition (approximately 68%) of GABA-induced currents at 100 μM with an IC50 value of 40.81 ± 3.89 μM. The 2-naphthyl analog 4h was the second most active compound with approximately 48% inhibition. The 4-biphenylyl analog 4e demonstrated competitive antagonism of housefly GABA receptors. Ligand docking studies into the binding site of housefly GABA receptor homology model predicted that the aromatic 3-substituents are tolerable in the pyridazine ring. The results presented in this paper about GABA receptor competitive antagonists may helpful for design and development of GABA receptor related insecticides.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 9-16, 2021
Potential of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui grown in Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz A , Hassan A , Roy SK , Haque MZ , Saha BK , Ahmed S , Rahman M , Mohanta LC , Mashuk OF 
Published: June 2022

During selection of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (red seaweed) growing naturally at Nuniachara sand-flat south-east of Moheshkhali channel, Cox’s Bazar local fishermen informed that Rakhaine and Chakma tribes of Cox’s Bazar and Bandarbon consume the seaweed. To ascertain the quality of the organism as “Seafood” analysis of its nutritional status was carried out using three replicates in many cases. Percentage composition of total crude protein, crude fiber, crude lipid, carbohydrates, ash and moisture were 25.55 ± 0.18, 5.65 ± 0.13, 0.16 ± 0.03, 45.93 ± 1.53, 10.61 ± 0.69 and 12.10 ± 0.25%, respectively. Mineral contents such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and copper were 596.90 ± 10.4, 132.75 ± 3.4, 3.90 ± 1.2, 80.13 ± 2.45 and3.99 ± 1.2mg/100gdry wt., respectively. Heavy metals such as Pb, As, Cr and Cd were 0.031, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.02 mg/kg dry wt. respectively, which are below tolerance level. The seaweed contained 9.03% nine essential amino acids and 7.52% five non-essential amino acids. The quantity of total energy, β-carotene and vitamin C were 294.56 Kcal/100g, 11.54 ± 1.20 and 2.5 mg/100g, respectively. Presence of high crude protein, amino acid profiles, β-carotene, phosphorus and low crude lipid and heavy metals made Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui to be considered as a good human food supplement.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 39-46, 2021
Nematicidal potential of oilcake agains plant nematodes associated with Coriandrum sativum L. in Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Khan A , Shaukat SS , Khanzada KA , Waheed S , Akhtar J 
Published: June 2022

Ten geneta of plant nematode associated with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) were isolated and identified in ten different localities of Balochistan, Pakistan. The most common was Meloidogyne javanica followed by Basiria spp. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis using Ward’s method were performed. The results of the two methods supported each other. Castor and mustard oilcakes and carbofuran, a chemical nematicide were used in treatments against Hoplolaimus Columbus and M. javanica larvae. Mustard oilcake was found to be more effective on H. Columbus while castor oilcake showed effective control on M. javanica.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 61-68, 2021
Morbidity Pattern among Under Five Children in a Selected Upazilla Health Complex
Authors: Begum Masuma , Elham Nazia , Riya Sayeda , Shoeb Nusrat , Rahman Fatema , Nasreen Ayesha 
Published: June 2022

A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to find out the morbidity pattern of under five children from February to March 2018. Sick child up to 5 years of age attending Sonarganon Upazila Health Complex, Narayangonj were included in this study. Total 250 respondents were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected through structured questionnaire by face to face interview and anthropometric measurement by cheklist. Out of 250 respondents, maximum mother 96(38.4%) were in the age group 20-24 year, only 10 (4%) were above 40 years of age. Most of the respondents (94%) were Muslims, one third of them (34%) had non formal education and nearly one third (32%) had completed primary education. About three forth of the respondents (73.6%) were house wives and 40% live in kacha houses. Monthly family incomes 12000TK of the (36.8%) respondent and more than (67%) two third had sanitary latrine. Majority of the children (59.6%) were within the age group of 12 months or less and mean age + SD was 15 + 12.8 months and majority were female child (51.2%). Mean weight + SD and mean height + SD of the children were 7.84 + 2.76 kg and 67.77 cm + 13.5 cm respectively. Among the morbidity it was found that 26.4% were ARI followed by diarrhoea 18.8%, fever 18% pneumonia 13.6%, skin diseases 6.8%, helminthiasis 6.4%, anemia 4.8%, mumps 3.6% and malnutrition 1.6%. Majority of the children (60%) completed immunization. Diarrhoea was found more common among illiterate and non-formal educated mothers (55.58%). Acute respiratory infection (ARI) was more prevalent in children who lived in kacha house. Pneumonia was more common among the children of business women (33.3%). This study reveals the existing morbidity pattern of under 5 children and would be helpful for development of health services of under 5 children.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 33-38
Oral Atenolol Therapy in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kabir Kh Ahsanul , Ferdous KMN , Hossain F , Islam MK 
Published: June 2022

Background: Infantile haemangiomas (IH) are the most common tumors ofinfancy with an incidence of >2% of infants in general, and of 10% of Caucasian children, in particular.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of atenolol in the treatment of proliferating IHs.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 120 patients’ up to 30 months of age, clinically diagnosed with IH’s in surgical outpatient department (SOPD) of the Dhaka Shishu Hospital from July 2013 to March 2018. Atenolol was started initially 0.5mg/kg. Then doses were titrated according to clinical response (0.5- 3mg/kg/day OD). Parents were instructed to interrupt the administration of the drug if the child had a serious cough with dysponea or gastroenteritis with vomiting or diarrhoea. Patients’ were advised to come for follow up visit and in each follow up blood pressure, percentage of regression (of size), color change, complications were recorded. The change in the appearance of IH was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Regression in the size and color clearance of IHs were evaluated according to 0%-to-100% scale.
Results: Majority of the babies were from 1-10 months age group. Most of the infants were term babies and majority of the infants were girls. Majority of the IHs were located in head and neck regions. Majority of the mothers had multiple gestation pregnancy and few had family history of IH. Excellent, good and fair colour regression was found in 74.17%, 22.50% and 3.33% participants respectively. Excellent, good and fair size regression was found in 57.50%, 38.33% and 4.17% participants respectively. Adverse effects of drug like loose motion (7.50%) and sleep disturbance (3.33%) were found among the participants.
DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 26-29
Importance of Bleeding Disorder in the Management of Dental Patients
Authors: Mohammad Ali - , Selimuzzaman M , Marzan Sumaya 
Published: June 2022

Dental practitioners must be aware of the importance of bleeding disorders in the management of dental patients. Initial recognition of such bleeding disorders, knowledge of their possible systemic causes and clear idea in the management of the cases for dental treatment or when to refer those cases to secondary care, plays a crucial and important role in reducing potential complications and negative side effects. The purpose of this article is to review common bleeding disorders, complications and their management that dentists might find in their daily dental practice.
DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 41-47
Etiology and Clinical Profile of Chronic Cough in Children
Authors: Hossain Md Mosharaf , Rahman Md Shakibur , Sarkar Probir Kumar , Md Kamrunzzaman - , Alam Md Jahangir 
Published: June 2022

Background: Cough in children is one of the most common presenting symptoms to pediatricians. Acute cough lasts less than 3 weeks, subacute 3-8 weeks and chronic cough more than 8 weeks.
Objectives: To find out the etiology and clinical profile of chronic cough in pediatric age group.
Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to August 2018 for a period of one year. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the patients. Patients with the age 6 month to 12 years who were suffering from chronic cough for more than 8 weeks were included as study population.
Results: Family history of asthma was found in 36(72.0%) cases. Common clinical factors like allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis, trigger agent were found in 28(56.0%), 9(18.0%), 2(4.0%) and 50(100.0%) cases respectively.
Conclusion: Family history of asthma was found in majority cases of chronic cough. Allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and trigger agent were common clinical factors associated with chronic cough patients.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 33-36
Analysis of boundary layer nanofluid flow over a stretching permeable wedge-shaped surface with magnetic effect
Authors: Ali M. , Nasrin R. , Alim M. A. 
Published: June 2022

The problem of steady two-dimensional boundary layer flow of momentum, heat and mass transfer over a stretching permeable wedge-shaped surface in a nanofluid in presence of magnetic field has been studied. In this respect, the governing partial differential equations have been converted into ordinary differential equations by using the local similarity transformation. The transformed governing equations have been then solved numerically using the bvp4c in MATLAB software. The effects of the pertinent parameters, namely wedge angle parameter (β), Brownian motion (Nb), thermophoresis (Nt), magnetic parameter (M), moving wedge parameter (λ), permeability parameter (K*), Prandtl number (Pr), and Lewis number (Le) on fluid velocity, thermal and concentration within the boundary layer have been analyzed. The numerical results obtained of the skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number, as well as the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles have been presented graphically and also in tabular form. The results indicate that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases with increasing values of wedge angle and moving wedge but reduces for magnetic and permeability effects. The heat transfer rate increases for wedge angle, moving wedge, Brownian motion but decreases for thermoporesis and magnetic effects. The mass transfer rate decreases for Brownian motion and thermoporesis effects but increases for wedge angle and moving wedge parameters. Finally, the numerical results have been compared with previously published research and found to be in good agreement.
Material behaviour in micropolar fluid of Brownian motion over a stretchable disk with application of thermophoretic forces and diffusion-thermo
Authors: Hazarika S. , Ahmed S. 
Published: June 2022

To study the material behavior of axisymmetric flow in micropolar fluid for heat and mass exchange over a stretchable disk placed in porous medium taking into account the effect of heat generation, diffusion thermo, Brownian motion and thermophoretic effect. A suitable similarity transformations is adapted to convert the governing PDEs to non-dimensional form. A well-tested, numerically stable MATLAB code in connection with Bvp4c is employed for the conservation of equations. The noticeable features of the relevant parameters on micropolar fluid flow for axial velocity, radial velocity, micro-rotation, temperature and species concentrations profiles are accentuated on the plots using MATLAB. It is found that angular velocity is enhanced for augmented values of micropolar parameter. Moreover, due the effect of thermophoretic force, the thickness of thermal and concentration boundary layer are enhanced. In addition, thermal diffusion becomes more due to the increase in the vortex viscosity of the fluid, and an amplified thermal and molar concentration boundary layer thicknesses can be found. This study incorporates numerous engineering applications on rotating machineries, spin-coating, centrifugal pumps, computer storage devices, chemical engineering and different aerodynamic issues. Also, this analysis signifies great impact on biomechanics and stenosis related issue in medical sciences.