bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of fructosyltransferase stability by immobilization on polyhydroxybutyrate and glutaraldehyde‐activated polyhydroxybutyrate for fructooligosaccharides production
Authors: Araújo Isabella Medeiros , Becalette Pedro Capalbo , da Silva Elda Sabino , de Souza Dias Giancarlo , da Cunha Abreu Xavier Michelle , de Almeida Alex Fernando , Maiorano Alfredo Eduardo , Morales Sergio Andres Villalba , Perna Rafael Firmani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFructosyltransferase (FTase) enzyme is an important biocatalyst for fructooligossaccaride (FOS) production, but it has low stability in soluble form. The aim of this work was to analyze the stability and kinetics of an fructosyltransferase (FTase E.C.2.4.1.9) from Aspergillus oryzae IPT‐301 immobilized on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glutaraldehyde‐activated polyhydroxybutyrate (GLU‐PHB).RESULTSThe immobilization yields of the FTase on PHB and GLU‐PHB were about 41% and 55%, respectively. The recovery activities of the FTase immobilized on PHB and GLU‐PHB were about 17% and 11%, respectively. At 30 °C, the FTase immobilized on GLU‐PHB showed a half‐life 2.6 and 1.4 times higher than the soluble FTase and the FTase immobilized on PHB, respectively. The FTase immobilized on PHB and GLU‐PHB retained more than 40% and 55% of their initial activity after six sequential reaction batches, respectively. Both immobilized enzymes showed kinetic behaviors that were fitted by the Hill model, with transfructosylation activity maximum at concentrations between 400 g substrate L−1 and 500 g substrate L−1.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that the FTase immobilized on PHB and, especially, on GLU‐PHB, are promising biocatalysts for FOS production in heterogeneous reaction systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Treatment pattern and clinical outcomes in portopulmonary hypertension: A database study in Japan
Authors: Atsukawa Masanori , Takano Masashi , Omura Junichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPortopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a complication associated with portal hypertension. Since the epidemiological study in Japan was limited, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics, treatment patterns, and prognosis of PoPH patients in real‐world data.MethodsThe characteristics and treatment patterns of PoPH (n = 386) and portal hypertension without pulmonary arterial hypertension (portal hypertension w/o PAH) (n = 96 463) were analyzed based on the Medical Data Vision (MDV) dataset from April 2008 to September 2020. Survival‐time analyses of emergency hospitalization and mortality were also conducted between matched pair cohorts of PoPH (n = 210) and portal hypertension w/o PAH (n = 840).ResultsAmong 386 PoPH patients, the Child–Pugh classification of PoPH group comprised patients with Class A (59 [15.3%]), B (109 [28.2%]), and C (42 [10.9%]), and missing (176 [45.6%]). Regarding the feature of PoPH group, the proportion of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (13.7%) and splenomegaly (9.8%) was higher compared with portal hypertension w/o PAH group. The survival time of all‐cause hospitalization in PoPH group was shorter than portal hypertension w/o PAH group in matched pair cohort (P < 0.001 by log‐rank test). Of PoPH patients, the frequency of PAH‐specific medicine usage within 90 days was monotherapy of 79 patients (20.5%), combination therapy of 64 patients (16.6%), and PAH‐specific medicine usage of 243 patients (63.0%).ConclusionThis was the first study demonstrating that high proportion of PBC and splenomegaly and a greater risk of hospitalization were observed in PoPH patients based on the analysis using administrative claim database.
UPLC‐QToF‐MS based fingerprinting of polyphenolic metabolites in the bark extract of Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Verma Sudeep , Tiwari Deepti , Srivastava Jyotish , Varshney Anurag 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBoehmeria rugulosa Wedd. is an evergreen tree of Urticaceae family. Its bark has been extensively used in ethno‐medicinal system for various ailments such as bone fracture, sprain, snakebite, and wound healing. Phyto‐metabolites, which are considered as the principle components for biological activities, have been least explored for this plant. The present work investigated metabolite profiling of the stem bark of B. rugulosa in water extract using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐QToF‐MS) technique coupled with the UNIFI platform. We identified, for the first time, 20 polyphenolic metabolites belonging to seven groups: caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids, flavan‐3‐ols, oligomeric flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, coumaric acid derivative, and flavone glycoside in the B. rugulosa extract. UNIFI informatics‐coupled UPLC‐QToF‐MS platform aids in the quick identification and fragmentation pattern of metabolites, with higher degree of reproducibility. The present study provides a chemical and therapeutic basis for further exploration of B. rugulosa as a valuable source of phytochemicals that could be instrumental in deciphering its ethno‐medicinal utility for various human diseases.
Studies of pure and nitrogen gas mixed xenon ECR plasma: Signature of abundance dependent unusual trends in isotope anomaly
Authors: Tripathi Puneeta , Singh Shushant Kumar , Kumar Pravin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the effect of N2 gas‐mixing in the xenon electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma, and abundance‐dependent novel, exciting and unusual trends of the isotope anomaly. The xenon plasma was produced using a 10 GHz all‐permanent‐magnet NANOGAN ECR ion source, and the charge state distributions of naturally abundant six stable xenon isotopes with and without N2 gas‐mixing (at 25%, 50%, and 75%) were recorded. The intensity ratio of the heavier to lighter isotope, where the heavier isotope is less abundant, showed a clear signature of the isotope anomaly as explained by the linear Landau wave damping theory. Contrary to the theoretical prediction that the isotope anomaly should vanish with a relatively large fraction of the heavier isotope in mixed plasmas, the trends of intensity ratios observed in such cases are very unusual and have almost the mirror‐symmetrical shapes of those trends recorded with less abundant heavier isotope. Further, the effect of relative mass difference on the isotope anomaly was also evidenced. The N2 gas‐mixing of the xenon plasma at 25% and 50% shifted the entire charge state distribution toward the higher intensity side owing to the supply of additional electrons that caused high ionization efficiency. However, a prominent gas‐mixing effect was observed at 75% of N2 mixing in the xenon plasma beyond the +7 charge state. The abundance‐dependent unusual trends in isotope anomaly have been explained by considering different ionic temperatures, ion heating by the wave damping, and Coulomb scattering in the core of the plasma.
Vascularized Tracheal Transplantation: A Twenty Month Follow Up
Authors: Genden Eric M , Harkin Timothy , Laitman Benjamin M , Florman Sander S. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTracheal transplantation has been considered the ideal option for the reconstruction of long‐segment circumferential tracheal defects. Our group developed a technique for vascularized single‐staged tracheal transplantation. Twenty months ago, we performed the first‐in‐human tracheal transplantation. Herein, we report a twenty‐month follow‐up.MethodsThe recipient presented with a 9.0 cm airway tracheal stenosis and complete cricoid stenosis. The patient previously failed six major conventional surgical procedures. Prior to transplantation, the patient's airway was maintained with an extended tracheostomy and stent. The patient experienced repeated life‐threatening airway obstruction because of mucous plugging and obstructive granulation tissue. In January 2020 the patient underwent a single‐staged tracheal transplantation treated with triple‐therapy immunosuppression. Organ rejection was monitored with endoscopic tracheoscopy, narrow‐band imaging, free‐cell DNA assessment, and histological and cytogenetic analysis of tracheal biopsies. Mucociliary function was assessed with dye motility studies.ResultsTwenty months following transplantation, there has been no evidence of acute or chronic rejection. Since day 60, there has been no detectable free cell DNA, a surrogate marker for immune‐mediated allograft rejection. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cytogenetics demonstrated that the donor trachea was repopulated with recipient epithelium establishing a chimeric allograft. Narrow‐band imaging demonstrates a well‐vascularized epithelial mucosa and bronchoscopic biopsies demonstrate normal ciliated epithelial architecture and viable epithelial lining with functional ciliated epithelium. The patient has resumed a normal life without a stent or tracheostomy and has returned to work.ConclusionsTwenty months after single‐staged vascularized tracheal transplantation, the trachea is functional and the patient breathes without the need for a tracheostomy or stent. Single‐staged long‐segment tracheal transplantation is a viable option for tracheal defects that are not amenable to conventional reconstructive techniques.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1839–1845, 2023
Split‐Belt Treadmill Training to Improve Gait Adaptation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hulzinga Femke , Seuthe Jana , D'Cruz Nicholas , Ginis Pieter , Nieuwboer Alice , Schlenstedt Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGait deficits in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are triggered by circumstances requiring gait adaptation. The effects of gait adaptation training on a split‐belt treadmill (SBT) are unknown in PD.ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of repeated SBT versus tied‐belt treadmill (TBT) training on retention and automaticity of gait adaptation and its transfer to over‐ground walking and turning.MethodsWe recruited 52 individuals with PD, of whom 22 were freezers, in a multi‐center randomized single‐blind controlled study. Training consisted of 4 weeks of supervised treadmill training delivered three times per week. Tests were conducted pre‐ and post‐training and at 4‐weeks follow‐up. Turning (primary outcome) and gait were assessed over‐ground and during a gait adaptation protocol on the treadmill. All tasks were performed with and without a cognitive task.ResultsWe found that SBT‐training improved gait adaptation with moderate to large effects sizes (P < 0.02) compared to TBT, effects that were sustained at follow‐up and during dual tasking. However, better gait adaptation did not transfer to over‐ground turning speed. In both SBT‐ and TBT‐arms, over‐ground walking and Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (MDS‐UPDRS‐III scores were improved, the latter of which reached clinically meaningful effects in the SBT‐group only. No impact was found on freezing of gait.ConclusionPeople with PD are able to learn and retain the ability to overcome asymmetric gait‐speed perturbations on a treadmill remarkably well, but seem unable to generalize these skills to asymmetric gait off‐treadmill. Future study is warranted into gait adaptation training to boost the transfer of complex walking skills. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Delaying mealtimes reduces fat oxidation: A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study
Authors: Carabuena Thomas J. , Boege Hedda L. , Bhatti Mehreen Z. , Whyte Kathryn J. , Cheng Bin , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of circadian misalignment (CM), induced by delaying mealtimes, independent of sleep timing and duration and eating window duration, on energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation.MethodsHealthy adults, aged 20 to 49 years, participated in this randomized crossover study under controlled feeding conditions. Eating window duration was identical in both conditions (circadian alignment [CA]: 9:00 am–7:00 pm; CM: 1:00 pm–11:00 pm), and bedtimes were constant (11:30 pm–8:00 am). EE, RQ, and substrate oxidation were obtained over 23 hours in a metabolic chamber on days 3 and 4 and days 14 and 15 in each condition. Twenty‐four–hour and post‐meal outcomes were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effects model including condition, day, and day‐by‐condition interaction as main predictors and sex as a covariate.ResultsThree men and four women (age 37.4 ± 8.8 years, BMI 30.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2) completed the study. Twenty‐four–hour EE did not differ between conditions. Post‐meal RQ for dinner and snack was higher in CM versus CA (both p < 0.001) with correspondingly higher glucose oxidation (both p < 0.01) and lower fat oxidation (dinner only p = 0.0001).ConclusionsCM, induced by delaying mealtimes by 4 hours relative to CA, independently shifts nutrient metabolism toward greater carbohydrate and lower fat oxidation.
A nationwide study of multimedicine use in people treated with cardiovascular medicines in Australia
Authors: Schaffer Andrea L. , Chia Joel , Brett Jonathan , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Falster Michael O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveMultimorbidity and multimedicine use are common in people with cardiovascular disease and can lead to harms, such as prescribing errors and drug interactions. We quantified multimedicine use in people treated with cardiovascular medicines in a national sample of Australians.DesignCross‐sectional study.Data SourcePharmaceutical dispensing claims for a 10% random sample of Australians.PatientsAustralian adults dispensed any cardiovascular medicine between June and August 2019.InterventionNone.MeasurementsWe quantified the number and type of cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular medicines dispensed during the study period, and the number of unique prescribers, by age and sex.Main ResultsWe identified 493,081 people dispensed any cardiovascular medicine (median age = 67 years, 50.2% women). The population prevalence of cardiovascular medicine dispensing increased from 1.7% (n = 10,503) in people 18–34 years to 80.1% (n = 99,271) in people 75–84 years. Cardiovascular medicine dispensing varied by sex; women 18–34 years were more likely to be dispensed any cardiovascular medicine than men (male:female prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–0.87), whereas the prevalence of cardiovascular medicine dispensing was higher in men 35–44 years (PR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.24–1.30) and 45–54 years (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.22–1.26) and was similar between sexes in people ≥65 years. Overall, both women and men were dispensed a median of 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.0–3.0) cardiovascular medicines. Two‐thirds of people ≥65 years (73.5%; n = 208,524) were dispensed ≥2 cardiovascular medicines, with 16.6% (n = 6736) of people ≥85 years dispensed five or more. Women and men were dispensed a median of 2.0 (IQR = 1.0–5.0) and 2.0 (IQR = 0.0–4.0) non‐cardiovascular medicines, respectively, to treat comorbid conditions, commonly gastroesophageal reflux disease medicines (32.2% of women and 26.6% of men), antibiotics (28.7% of women and 22.4% of men), and antidepressants (26.3% of women and 15.9% of men). One quarter of both sexes had multiple prescribers for their cardiovascular medicines alone, whereas 54.5% (n = 134,939) of women and 49.9% (n = 122,706) of men had multiple prescribers for all medicines.ConclusionMultimedicine use is common in people treated with cardiovascular medicines and presents a risk for inappropriate prescribing. Understanding the comorbid conditions commonly treated concurrently with cardiovascular disease can help improve co‐prescribing guidelines and develop a person‐centered approach to multimorbidity treatment.
“How do you shelter in place on the road?”: Building Information Resilience through Communal Support for Van Dwellers in the Onset of Covid‐19
Authors: Montague Kaitlin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic, new health information was being disseminated at unprecedented rates which included ever‐changing mandates and regulations, resulting in information overload for many. Shelter in place orders are the pandemic‐related information that will be discussed. As these dynamic orders were announced and enforced, mobile populations—people who live in their vans or “van dwellers”—abandoned life on the road and rushed to loved ones to abide by social distancing directives. Others had nowhere to turn. This pilot study of van dweller's information practices focuses on the early weeks of the pandemic and how this population adapted to an overwhelming information environment. Using the information resilience conceptual framework, I describe how van dwellers adapted when a myriad of information and misinformation was circulating. The van dweller community, and their supporters, banded together to provide resources and safe spaces in a time of crisis.
How to Assess Student Learning in Information Science: Exploratory Evidence from Large College Courses
Authors: Sung SeoYoon , Alon Lilach , Cho Ji Yong , Kizilcec Rene 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAssessments in higher education can help instructors understand their students' incoming knowledge and learning gains. Constructing and validating assessments is especially challenging in emergent, fast‐growing interdisciplinary STEM fields such as information science. Unlike more traditional STEM fields like physics and mathematics, information science builds on cross‐disciplinary connections with multiple pools of domain knowledge. This research investigates how to construct and use assessments to effectively capture knowledge and skills in information science. Our study was conducted in five large information science courses at a U.S. research university on data analytics, web development, visualization, technology design, and natural language processing. We worked with domain experts to develop assessment items at three levels of knowledge: declarative, applied, and transferred (Anderson et al., 2002). The assessments were administered in a pre‐post design over two semesters with 1,202 students, with an evidence‐based revision of the assessments between the semesters. Our initial findings suggest that some knowledge levels (applied and transferred) may be more suitable for assessing student learning in information science courses. The findings have implications for assessment in emergent interdisciplinary education and inform our plans to develop constructive assessment methods for information science education.
Personal Information Management Literacy in the Discourse of Youth
Authors: Van Alstyne Judith H. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTTechnological advances have led to a powerful, complex information landscape where managing one's personal information is increasingly challenging. Personal Information Management (PIM) is the field of study dedicated to the activities people engage in to organize their information so that items can be found again when needed. Searching for previously located information items is a common frustration, yet PIM is not present in the standards of Information Literacy (IL). Situating PIM Literacy within the sociocultural New Literacies theory, I explore how youth currently make sense of PIM as Discourse—what they communicate through multiple sign‐systems about their PIM practices. In this phenomenological mixed‐methods study, after an initial survey of secondary school participants, I conducted two phases of interviews—guided tours of participants’ personal information places and Information Places Map (IPM) interviews regarding their perceptions of PIM. This ongoing study addresses the dearth of PIM research with youth. Initial findings suggest the importance of information systems’ default sorting by recency, the potential benefits of instruction in file structures and archiving, and opportunities to address email overload. Evaluating student needs assists in the development of K‐12 PIM Literacy, a necessary competency for high‐school graduates to successfully participate in the digital age.
Children's Interest, Search, and Knowledge: A Pilot Analysis of a STEM Maker Workshop
Authors: Jung Yong Ju , Liu Jiqun 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWhen understanding information seeking, individuals' knowledge construction and interest development are critical to be considered because of their active interactions with each other. Especially for children, these three dimensions—interest, search, and knowledge—can constantly influence each other and support meaningful learning experiences. However, there is a lack of empirical investigation to understand this interplay between the dimensions, particularly in children's real‐life environments. Building upon the previous literature on the conceptual demonstration of interest, search, and knowledge construction, we used a qualitative, video‐based research approach to conduct a pilot analysis of a child's experiences from a maker workshop at a science museum. Our pilot analysis provides a basis for empirical investigation of children's authentic information seeking and learning.
Is This a Good Idea? A Case Study on Civil Perception of Smart City Projects
Authors: Nguyen Bich Chau , Zimmer Franziska 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to pursue a better understanding of citizens' needs in a fast‐changing medium‐sized town transitioning to a smart city. The investigation focuses on the citizens' perceptions of smart city projects, the use intensity of said projects, and further examines what other factors play a part in shaping a citizen's opinion on smart city initiatives concerning their hometown. It was discovered that the majority of citizens perceive smart city projects positively, even though the projects are rarely used. Their behaviour and opinion were not related to their age, gender, and education in contrast to claims from previous research. Citizens had positive perception of the city's offer to involve them in urban planning, but otherwise refrain from actively getting involved. This was mostly due to the fact that they either did not feel the need to do so or were not confident enough in their contribution.
Aufbau principle and singlet‐triplet gap in spherical Hooke atoms
Authors: Telleria‐Allika Xabier , Ugalde Jesus M. , Matito Eduard , Ramos‐Cordoba Eloy , Rodríguez‐Mayorga Mauricio , Lopez Xabier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSinglet and triplet spin state energies for three‐dimensional Hooke atoms, that is, electrons in a quadratic confinement, with even number of electrons (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) is discussed using Full‐CI and CASSCF type wavefunctions with a variety of basis sets and considering perturbative corrections up to second order. The effect of the screening of the electron–electron interaction is also discussed by using a Yukawa‐type potential with different values of the Yukawa screening parameter (λee = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0). Our results show that the singlet state is the ground state for two and eight electron Hooke atoms, whereas the triplet is the ground spin state for 4‐, 6‐, and 10‐electron systems. This suggests the following Aufbau structure 1s < 1p < 1d with singlet ground spin states for systems in which the generation of the triplet implies an inter‐shell one‐electron promotion, and triplet ground states in cases when there is a partial filling of electrons of a given shell. It is also observed that the screening of electron–electron interactions has a sizable quantitative effect on the relative energies of both spin states, specially in the case of two‐ and eight‐electron systems, favoring the singlet state over the triplet. However, the screening of the electron–electron interaction does not provoke a change in the nature of the ground spin state of these systems. By analyzing the different components of the energy, we have gained a deeper understanding of the effects of the kinetic, confinement and electron–electron interaction components of the energy.