bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy by experienced airway providers in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage airway model
Authors: Karlsson Tomas , Brännström Andreas , Gellerfors Mikael , Gustavsson Jenny , Günther Mattias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergency front-of-neck airway (eFONA) is a life-saving procedure in “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO). The fastest and most reliable method of eFONA has not been determined. We compared two of the most advocated approaches: surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage model, designed to introduce real-time physiological feedback, relevant and high provider stress. The primary aim was to determine the fastest method to secure airway. Secondary aims were arterial saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, proxy survival and influence of experience.

Methods
Twelve pigs, mean weight (standard deviation, SD) (60.3 ± 4.1) kg, were anesthetized and exposed to 25–35% total blood volume hemorrhage before extubation and randomization to Seldinger technique “percutaneous cricothyroidotomy” (n = 6) or scalpel-bougie-tube technique “surgical cricothyroidotomy” (n = 6). Specialists in anesthesia and intensive care in a tertiary referral hospital performed the eFONA, simulating an actual CICO-situation.

Results
In surgical cricothyroidotomy vs. percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, the median (interquartile range, IQR) times to secure airway were 109 (IQR 71–130) s and 298 (IQR 128–360) s (P = 0.0152), arterial blood saturation (SaO2) were 74.7 (IQR 46.6–84.2) % and 7.9 (IQR 4.1–15.6) % (P = 0.0167), pO2 were 7.0 (IQR 4.7–7.7) kPa and 2.0 (IQR 1.1–2.9) kPa (P = 0.0667), and times of cardiac arrest (proxy survival) were 137–233 s, 190 (IQR 143–229), from CICO. All six animals survived surgical cricothyroidotomy, and two of six (33%) animals survived percutaneous cricothyroidotomy. Years in anesthesia, 13.5 (IQR 7.5–21.3), did not influence time to secure airway.

Conclusion
eFONA by surgical cricothyroidotomy was faster and had increased oxygenation and survival, when performed under stress by board certified anesthesiologists, and may be an indication of preferred method in situations with hemorrhage and CICO, in obese patients.
Mimicking platelet indices in patients with malaria and dengue hemorrhagic fever: characteristics and clinical applications
Authors: Mon Nant The Su , Tangpukdee Noppadon , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Boonnak Kobporn , Krudsood Srivicha , Kano Shigeyuki , Wilairatana Polrat , Leowattana Wattana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Although platelet indices are routinely available using automated blood cell counters, the clinical applications of these parameters for malaria and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have not been substantially implemented. We conducted this study to investigate the potential role of platelet indices as a prognostic marker in adult patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and DHF admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods
We enrolled 219 eligible patients, comprising 96 with P. falciparum malaria, 71 with P. vivax malaria, and 52 with DHF. We evaluated the study groups’ baseline clinical features and alterations of platelet indices during the first 4 days of admission.

Results
Upon admission, the initial laboratory findings showed no statistically significant difference in platelet count (PC), plateletcrit (PCT), or platelet distribution width (PDW) between patients with P. vivax and P. falciparum; however, mean platelet volume (MPV) was significantly higher in patients with P. falciparum. Comparisons of the initial platelet indices in malaria and DHF showed that only PC and PCT were significantly lower in DHF. Although MPV in DHF tended to be lower than in malaria, a statistically significant difference was observed only with P. falciparum. Moreover, the results also showed no significant alterations in the platelet indices among the study groups during the first 4 days of admission.

Conclusions and recommendations
Clinical presentations of DHF and malaria are nonspecific and may overlap with other common tropical diseases. Alterations of initial platelet indices may be investigated in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria mimicking DHF. Although a significant reduction in PC and PCT in DHF might be a clue for differential diagnosis of malaria, the use of MPV and PDW might be impractical. We suggest that appropriate laboratory diagnoses for malaria and dengue infections are still needed for the differential diagnosis of acute febrile patients who have a risk of malaria or dengue infections. To clarify the clinical utility of platelet indices in patients with dengue and malaria, further studies are required that particularly include patients with different severities, geographical areas, and levels of health care settings.
Regional Variation in Hormonal and Metabolic Parameters of White and Black Women With PCOS in the United States
Authors: VanHise Katherine , Chan Jessica L , Wertheimer Sahar , Handelsman Roy G , Clark Ekaterina , Buttle Rae , Wang Erica T , Azziz Ricardo , Pisarska Margareta D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextOngoing research is needed to determine geo-epidemiologic differences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).ObjectiveDetermine hormonal and metabolic parameters of women with PCOS in 2 environments.MethodsProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary-care based specialty clinics in Alabama and California.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 1610 women with PCOS by National Institutes of Health Criteria from 1987 to 2010.InterventionsInterview, physical examination, laboratory studies.Main Outcomes MeasuresDemographic data, menstrual cycle history, and hormonal and metabolic parameters were collected. Hirsutism was defined as modified Ferriman-Gallwey scores ≥4. Androgen values greater than laboratory reference ranges or &gt;95th percentile of all values were considered elevated (hyperandrogenemia). Metabolic parameters included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), glucose tolerance test, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores.ResultsAlabama women with PCOS were younger with a higher BMI. After adjustment for age and BMI, Alabama women with PCOS were more likely hirsute (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4; P &lt; 0.001), with elevated HOMA-IR scores (adjusted beta coefficient 3.6; 95% CI, 1.61-5.5; P &lt; 0.001). California women with PCOS were more likely to have hyperandrogenemia (free testosterone aOR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.11-0.18; P &lt; 0.001; total testosterone aOR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.33-0.51). Results were similar when stratified by White race. In Black women with PCOS, BMI and WHR did not differ between locations, yet differences in androgen profiles and metabolic dysfunction remained.ConclusionAlabama women with PCOS, regardless of Black or White race, were more likely hirsute with metabolic dysfunction, whereas California women with PCOS were more likely to demonstrate hyperandrogenemia, highlighting potential environmental impacts on PCOS.
Malaria parasite carriage before and two years after the implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention: a case study of the Saraya health district, southern Senegal
Authors: Manga Isaac Akhenaton , BA Mamadou Sarifou , Tairou Fassiatou , Seck Amadou , Kouevidjin Ekoue , Sow Doudou , Sylla Khadime , Ndiaye Magatte , Ba Fall Fatou , Gueye Alioune Babara , Diallo Ibrahima , Ndiop Médoune , Ba Mady , Tine Roger Clément , Gaye Omar , Faye Babacar , Ndiaye Jean Louis Abdourahim 
Published: October 2022

Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) has been adopted and implemented in the southern regions of Senegal in children aged between three and 120 months since 2013. Scaling up this strategy requires its evaluation to assess the impact. This study was carried out to determine the dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum carriage before and after two years of SMC implementation. Methods: Four household surveys were conducted in villages in the health district of Saraya, which is a SMC implementation area in Senegal. These villages were selected using probability proportional to size sampling. Each selected village was divided into segments containing at least 50 children. In each segment, a household questionnaire was administered to the parents or legal representatives of children aged three to 120 months. Blood smears were collected to determine P. falciparum prevalence by microscopy one month before the first round of SMC, one month after the last round of the first SMC campaign and two years after the start of the implementation. Results: A total of 2008 children were included with a mean average age of 4.81 (+/-2.73) years. Of the study population, 50.33% were more than five years old and 50.3% were male. In 2013, mosquito net ownership was 99.4 % before the SMC campaign and 97.4% after. In 2015, it was 36.6% before and 45.8% after the campaign. In 2013, the prevalence of plasmodium carriage was 11.8% before and 6.1% after the SMC campaign. In 2015, the prevalence was 4.9% before the administration of SMC and this increased up to 15.3% after. Malaria prevalence was high among children over five years old and in boys. Conclusions: The decrease in Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence, which subsequently increased after two years of SMC implementation in this study, suggests adding an extra cycle of the SMC or adjusting the administration period.
Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic for midwifery and nursing academics
Authors: Geraghty Sadie , Oliver Kim , Wang Carol Chunfeng 
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected teaching for nursing and midwifery academics, as it shifted from face-to-face to online teaching from home. However, their experiences and how this impacted their ability to fulfil their academic roles has not been reported. This study investigated midwifery and nursing academics' working from home experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this has impacted their ability to fulfil their academic roles. Methods A qualitative approach was used for this study, analysing demographics and the answers to open-ended questions from 91 midwifery and nursing academics. Results Six themes were derived: isolation, loneliness, work rituals, productivity, blurred boundaries and health and wellbeing. Generally, participants reported that they were more organised, focused and efficient, which gave them more time to spend with their families and pets. Most thought that they were more productive at home. However, the working environments for some participants were not ideal, as they were working in their kitchen or dining area, or in ‘make-do’ offices. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic posed new working challenges for academics, many of whom had worked from home for a few days, but then needed to work from home for extended periods because of lockdowns. Academics reported an overall positive outlook for working from home, as it enabled more family time and more productivity.
Microdetection of Chromium Mixed–Valences using CuNi/Ti Electrode and Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: M.Si Nirwan Syarif 
Published: October 2022

An electrode of non-precious metal has the potency to be utilized as a working electrode for voltammetry measurements of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup>. The analytical performance of the electrode in determining specific metal species qualitatively and quantitatively was studied. The detection data were recorded and analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy were used to determine the surface morphology and the presence of crystalline in the electrode. Electroanalytical performance was determined by linear sweep voltammetry. The results show that the reduction of Cr<sup>6+</sup> to Cr<sup>3+</sup> appeared at +0.84 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and the reduction of Cr<sup>3+</sup> to Cr<sup>2+</sup> at +0.74 V (vs Ag/Ag). The optimum conditions for measuring Cr<sup>3+</sup> were found at pH 6, deposition time of 30 seconds, and a scan rate of 160 mVs<sup>-1</sup>. The optimum pH for measuring Cr<sup>6+</sup> is 4, deposition time of 60 seconds, and a scan rate of 140 mVs<sup>-1</sup>. The regression curve for the Cr<sup>3+</sup> is linear in concentration 1 – 10 gL<sup>-1</sup> with a correlation coefficient of 0.9883 and a detection limit of 2.08 gL<sup>-1</sup>. While the Cr<sup>6+</sup> is linear in the range of 1 – 10 gL<sup>-1</sup> with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and a detection limit of 2.18 gL<sup>-1</sup>. There is a slight difference in the individual measurement current and the mixture of Cr<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup> but with a good agreement for the oxidation-reduction potential. The measurement data analysis shows the feasibility of the electrode and the measurement system developed.
Numerical demonstration of low-reflective wire grid polarizers with a patterned Fe2O3 absorptive layer
Authors: Zhao Zhuan , Ma Teng , Deng Haowei , Moosavi Seyed Ayoob , Zhang Haoshi , Zhang Bingzhi , Pan Shusheng 
Published: October 2022

Absorptive polarizers
are
pivotal components for
realizing a low ambient reflection in liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different types of
absorptive polarizers have been proposed. Nevertheless, the
realization of compact and efficient absorptive polarizers remains
challenging. Wire grid polarizers (WGPs) are a promising solution
because of their high durability and relatively thin thickness. In
this paper, two structures of absorptive-WGPs have been proposed and
optimized at the target wavelength of 532 nm: one is based on a
patterned

F
e

2

O

3

/

A
l

bi-layer on top of a

S
i
O

2

substrate, and the second one builds
on the first one by depositing a

S
i
O

2

layer in the gaps of Al. The optimal
solutions exhibit a reflectance less than 5%, a transmittance over
45%, and an extinction ratio over 40 dB. To evaluate the
manufacturing feasibility, their sensitivity to the wire’s dimensional
parameters is investigated. Their great spectral performance and large
acceptance angles demonstrate that such polarizers have the potential
to significantly promote the development of current
display technologies.
Knowledge, attitude, practices, and determinants of them toward tuberculosis among social media users in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahmud Sultan , Mohsin Md , Irfan Saddam Hossain , Muyeed Abdul , Islam Ariful 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes thousands of deaths in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the 30 high TB burden countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and attitude toward TB, and to determine the factors associated with them among people who have internet access in Bangladesh. Design, Setting, and Participant: A web-based anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 20 to August 10, 2021, among people (age> = 18 years) who have internet access in Bangladesh. A comprehensive consent statement was included at the beginning of the survey and informed consent was taken.

Outcome measures
This study’s outcomes of interest were respondents’ adequate knowledge, good practices, and positive attitudes toward TB and were coded binarily. The association between respondents’ socio-demographic factors and knowledge, attitude, and practices toward TB was inspected using the Chi-square test and Multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
Among 1,180 respondents, 58.64% were males, and 62.37% were married. The majority of the participants (78.28%) were aged between 18 to 44 years. Overall adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices about TB were found respectively in 47.8%, 44.75%, and 31.19% of the people with internet access in Bangladesh. Almost the same sets of associated factors were found to influence adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices toward TB among social media users in Bangladesh. Males, young, unmarried, social media users with higher education, and urban social media users were more likely to have adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices toward TB.

Conclusion
Policymakers need to design programs and interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward TB in Bangladesh with a particular focus on females, young and older people, people who live in rural areas, and illiterate/less educated people. Social media can be a powerful medium for disseminating scientific facts on TB and other diseases.
Over-indebtedness and health in Switzerland: A cross-sectional study comparing over-indebted individuals and the general population
Authors: Hämmig Oliver , Herzig Joanna 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrevious international studies have shown that over-indebtedness is associated with poor health. However, in Switzerland research addressing over-indebtedness is widely lacking, strongly needed and particularly important because it is evidently a rising but still commonly tabooed, socially “undesired” and highly stigmatized phenomenon that is rarely discussed and largely ignored and unexplored.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among over-indebted adults seeking advice from one of the four official debt advisory centers in the Canton of Zurich. The survey finally included 219 respondents participating voluntarily and anonymously. This sample was then linked with a comparable subsample of the nationally representative Swiss Health Survey of 2017, namely 1,997 respondents of the same age from the Canton of Zurich. For reasons of comparability identical health questions and measures were taken from the Swiss Health Survey and used in the over-indebtedness survey. The pooled or combined dataset covered a total of 2,216 adult individuals.ResultsRemarkably high prevalence rates and relative risks of poor self-rated health, severe musculoskeletal and sleep disorders and moderate to severe depression were observed among over-indebted individuals compared to the general population. More than 50% of the over-indebted individuals had poor general health or moderate to severe depression compared to the general population with 14% and 7%, respectively. And far above one third of the over-indebted but ‘only’ between 6% and 8% of the general population showed severe musculoskeletal disorders and sleep disorders. Even after adjustment for various control variables and covariates, over-indebtedness increased the odds ratios for poor health outcomes consistently and dramatically, i.e. by a factor of 8 and more (aOR = 8.5–11.6).ConclusionsOver-indebtedness in Switzerland has particularly negative effects on various aspects of the health of the persons concerned, irrespective of their demographic characteristics and their social and employment status.
Semiolingüística aplicada y pedagogía del lenguaje
Authors: Cárdenas Pérez Alonso 
Published: October 2022

Los desarrollos teóricos de las ciencias del lenguaje no siempre han sido consistentes en su aplicación en la docencia de las lenguas; una de las causas está en que la lingüística aplicada se reduce a la versión escolar de las teorías gramaticales sobre el uso; y, otra, en que las acciones emprendidas son poco productivas, de no ser por el objetivo de capacitar al estudiante en las consabidas habilidades de leer, escribir, hablar y escuchar.
Translanguaging as decoloniality-informed knowledge co-construction: a nexus analysis of an English-Medium-Instruction program in China
Authors: Song Yang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that translanguaging as a knowledge-construction process can be utilized to decolonize curricula that privilege English-mediated, class-specific knowledge and foster epistemic justice in educational settings. This study focuses on the process whereby translanguaging was mobilized by teachers, tutors, and international students to decolonialize the English-Medium Instruction (EMI) curriculum on an indigenous discipline in a top-rated Chinese university. Drawing on nexus analysis, this study delineates the ways the implemented EMI curriculum was shaped by two processes/practices: (1) intercultural translation as interdiscursive translanguaging, and (2) Chinese philosophy as an embodied way of life, as witnessed in both the teacher-directed interaction order in the classroom as well as in the dialogic interaction order in tutorial sessions, and mediated through the historical bodies of the participants. The analysis reveals that translanguaging provides valuable transknowledging opportunities that encourage negotiations among a plurality of discipline-specific knowledge systems and the construction of decoloniality-informed knowledge production and learning ecologies situated within the unequal geopolitics surrounding knowledge production; this aligns with translanguaging scholars’ decolonial agenda and contributes to developing an operational definition of “transknowledging” based on extant decolonial studies that emphasized the intertwined relationship between transknowledging and translanguaging in decolonializing the EMI curriculum.
On Opial-type inequality for a generalized fractional integral operator
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Martínez Francisco , Valdes Juan E. Nápoles , Hernández Jorge E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article is aimed at establishing some results concerning integral inequalities of the Opial type in the fractional calculus scenario. Specifically, a generalized definition of a fractional integral operator is introduced from a new Raina-type special function, and with certain results proposed in previous publications and the choice of the parameters involved, the established results in the work are obtained. In addition, some criteria are established to obtain the aforementioned inequalities based on other integral operators. Finally, a more generalized definition is suggested, with which interesting results can be obtained in the field of fractional integral inequalities.
Synthesis of rhodium catalysts with amino acid or triazine as a ligand, as well as its polymerization property of phenylacetylene
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Yuyan , Jia Hongge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three novel rhodium complexes, with l-tyrosine (l-Tyr), l-arginine (l-Arg), or 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (Dpt) as a ligand, named as [Rh(cod)(l-Tyr)], [Rh(cod)(l-Arg)], and [Rh(cod)(Dpt)2], respectively, had been synthesized for catalyzing the polymerization of phenylacetylene. Their yields were 62.34, 54.87, and 58.21%, respectively, by the most suitable synthesis conditions at 25°C for 4 h. The structures and purity of these complexes were proved by 1H NMR, element analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It has been examined that phenylacetylene could be polymerized by the three complexes as catalysts with high degrees of polymerization (n = 368, 385, and 664, respectively) and yields (about 87.62, 88.39, and 59.67%, respectively). In conclusion, compared with traditional [Rh–N] type catalysts, the novel [N–Rh–N] type catalyst ([Rh(cod)(Dpt)2]) gained better catalytic performance. By comparing the yield, Mw, and degree of their polymerization, the polymerization mechanism was found under the [N–Rh–N] type rhodium catalyst system.