bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria as a Critical Target of COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Authors: ROS Editorial Office 
Published: March 2022

Over the past two years, findings from several research studies published in highly influential journals pointed to a critical involvement of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 infections. Among the most exciting findings are the involvement of (i) the “mitochondrial ROS–HIF-1α –glycolysis” axis, (ii) the “cGAS–STING” signaling, and (iii) the “mitochondrial apoptotic cell death” pathway.
(First online: March 3, 2022)
REFERENCES

Danial NN, Korsmeyer SJ. Cell death: critical control points. Cell 2004; 116(2):205–19. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00046-7
Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev 2014; 94(3):909–50. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00026.2013
Ros EO. Mitochondrial ROS take center stage in immune regulation. React Oxyg Species (Apex) 2021; 11:n9–n10. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20455/ros.2021.n.809
Weinberg SE, Sena LA, Chandel NS. Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 2015; 42(3):406–17. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.002
Codo AC, Davanzo GG, Monteiro LB, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Virgilio-da-Silva JV, et al. Elevated glucose levels favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through a HIF-1alpha/glycolysis-dependent axis. Cell Metab 2020; 32(3):437–46 e5. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.007
Domizio JD, Gulen MF, Saidoune F, Thacker VV, Yatim A, Sharma K, et al. The cGAS-STING pathway drives type I IFN immunopathology in COVID-19. Nature 2022. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04421-w
Simpson DS, Pang J, Weir A, Kong IY, Fritsch M, Rashidi M, et al. Interferon-gamma primes macrophages for pathogen ligand-induced killing via a caspase-8 and mitochondrial cell death pathway. Immunity 2022. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.003
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Skin of Kaloula pulchra
Authors: Chen Xin , Xu Xueqing , Gao Yahua , Chai Jinwei , Wu Jiena , Zeng Qingye , Guo Ruiyin 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Bacterial resistance to all currently available conventional antibiotics has caused
a global public health crisis and led to an imperative search for new agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)
are essential components of host innate immune defense against microbial invasions.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to report a novel AMP, brevinin-2KP, from the skin of the black
Kaloula pulchra frog and describe its structural and biological characterization.

Materials and Methods:
The physical and chemical parameters of brevinin-2KP were predicted with the
ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal. The assembled sequences were aligned with ClustalW, and the
phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega. Circular dichroism (CD) experiments were carried out to
identify the secondary structure and the stability of peptide in different solvent environments. The
cytotoxicity of brevinin-2KP was evaluated by the MTT test. To determine antibacterial activity of brevinin-
2KP, a standard two-fold broth dilution method was used. SEM was carried out to observe the morphological
change in the bacterial treated by brevinin-2KP. The live/dead bacterial viability was measured
with a LIVE/DEAD® BacLight kit. Histamine release and mast cell degranulation assays were
performed.

Results:
The precursor of brevinin-2KP contains 72 amino acid residues, including a conserved signal peptide,
acidic propeptide with KR residues, and mature peptide with a sequence of
GVITDALKGAAKTVAAELLKKAHCKLTNSC. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences
of 34 brevinin-2 peptides from 30 anuran species demonstrates that K. pulchra is genetically
closely related to the genus Hylarana. The CD spectra analysis indicates that brevinin-2KP adopts
random coil in the water and an organized α-helical conformation in SDS solution. Further, this secondary
structure is stable under high salt and high-temperature conditions. Brevinin-2KP is weakly active towards
the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi due to its membranolytic
action. Moreover, brevinin-2KP inhibits the proliferation of several mammal cells with IC50 values
ranging from 3.27 to 59.75 μM. In addition, brevinin-2KP promotes degranulation and histamine release
of mast cells, indicating that it is involved in the inflammatory response.

Conclusion:
This is the first report on AMP identified from the skin of K. pulchra. Brevinin-2KP adopts a
typical amphipathic α-helix conformation in membrane mimic environment and shows antimicrobial
and antitumor activities by potential membranolytic mechanism. In addition, brevinin-2KP can promote
degranulation and histamine release of mast cells. Brevinin-2KP is expected to become a good drug
temple molecule.
DDSolver Software Application for Quantitative Analysis of In vitro Drug Release Behavior of the Gastroretentive Floating Tablets Combined with
Radiological Study in Rabbits
Authors: Abdul Rasool Bazigha K. , Sammour Rana 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) are designed to release the
drug in the stomach over a prolonged time; thus, they can reduce drug dosing frequency and dose size
and improve patient compliance. GRDDSs are also highly effective in enhancing the bioavailability of
the drug that exhibits window absorption in specific segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Famotidine
(FMT), an H2 receptor antagonist, is an example of these drugs. FMT is a slightly watersoluble
drug but well soluble in an acidic medium. This research aims to formulate FMT gastroretentive
floating tablets (FMT-GRFTs) to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic activity of the
drug and increase patients' adherence to treatment. In addition, the in vitro release behavior of the prepared
FMT-GRFTs was quantitatively analyzed using the DDSolver software to assist in selecting the
successful formulation that was then evaluated in vivo.

Methods:
The direct compression technique prepared numerous tablet formulations and was subjected
to the pre-and post-compression evaluation. Data of FMT dissolution in the simulated gastric medium
was analyzed by various kinetic models built in the DDSolver program. In addition, the simulated
pharmacokinetics (AUC, MDT, and MRT), R2 adjusted, AIC, MSC, correlation of the residuals, and
similarity factor (f2) were also generated.

Results:
The results revealed that FMT release from the candidate formula (FH3) fitted to the first-order
kinetic model, with a high value of R2 adjusted and MSC and a low AIC. The release behavior exhibited
the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The similarity factor showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) of
the test sample compared to the reference product. Nevertheless, the simulated pharmacokinetic parameter,
AUC, proved a two-fold enhancement in FMT bioavailability, with a significant increment in the
MDT and MRT compared with the reference product. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the
absence of drug-excipients/polymer interaction. The in vivo X-ray studies on rabbits confirmed that the
floating tablets showed nearly eight hours of gastric residence.

Conclusion:
DDSolver software was helpful in deciding the optimized formulation of FMT floating
tablets. The radiological examination in rabbits for gastric retention was consistent with the release data
analysis in vitro.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential, BSA and DNA Binding Properties
of Some 3-Hydroxy-3-Pyrrolin-2-Ones Bearing Thenoyl Fragment
Authors: Joksimović Nenad , Petronijević Jelena , Milović Emilija , Janković Nenad , Kosanić Marijana , Petrović Nevena 
Published: March 2022

Background:
It is known that pyrrolidinone derivates belong to a class of biologically
active compounds with a broad spectrum of biological actions. Nowadays, many scientists are making
an effort in the discovery of more effective ways to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that
cause oxidative stress or to eliminate the harmful microorganisms from the organism in humans.
Therefore, pyrrolidinones seem to be great candidates for the research of this field.

Methods:
The antimicrobial activity of tested compounds was estimated by the determination of the
minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth micro-dilution method against four species of bacteria
and five species of fungi. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing
power.

Results:
Among the tested compounds, P22 showed marked antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus
aureus with a MIC value of 0.312 mg/mL. Maximum antifungal activity with MIC value 0.625
mg/mL was shown by P23 and P25 compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tested samples
showed a relatively strong scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 ranged from 166.75-
727.17 μg/mL). The strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by P3 compound with
an IC50 value of 166.75 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested compounds had effective reducing power.
Compounds P3, P10, and P13 showed the highest reducing power than those from the other samples.
Results of the interactions between DNA and P3 indicated that P3 had the affinity to displace EB
from the EB-DNA complex through intercalation [Ksv = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1], while Ka values obtained
via titration of BSA with P23 or P25 [Ka = (6.2 ± 0.2) and (5.0 ± 0.2) × 105 M-1] indicate
that the notable quantity of the drug can be transmitted to the cells.

Conclusion:
Achieved results indicate that our compounds are potential candidates for use as
medicaments.
Stem Cell Application for Stress Urinary Incontinence: From Bench to
Bedside
Authors: Liu Meng , Wang Ying , Gao Guo , Zhao Wei-Xin , Fu Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common urinary system disease worldwide. Nowadays,
medical therapy and surgery can control the symptoms and improve the life quality of patients. However,
they might also bring about complications as the standard therapy fails to address the underlying problem
of urethral sphincter dysfunction. Recent advances in cell technology have aroused interest in the use of
autologous stem cell therapy to restore the ability of urinary control. The present study reviewed several
types of stem cells for the treatment of SUI in the experimental and clinical stages.
Advancement in Nanoformulations for the Management of Diabetic Wound
Healing
Authors: Bhadauria Shailendra Singh , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
People with diabetes have a very slow tendency for wound healing. Wound healing is a vast process where several factors inhibit the sequence of healing. Nano-formulations play a major role in acute and chronic wound healing. The present manuscript aims to discuss the role of nano-formulations for diabetic wound healing treatment. Diabetes is a common disease that has harmful consequences which over the time lead to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. During the literature survey, it was observed that nanotechnology has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic wound healing. The present manuscript summa-rized the role of nanomaterials in wound healing, challenges in diabetic wound healing, physiology of wound healing, limitations that come during wound repair, and treatments available for wound healing. After a comprehensive literature survey, it can be concluded that health worker needs more focus on the area of wound healing in diabetic patients. Medical practitioners, pharmaceutical, and biomedical researchers need more attention towards the utilization of nano-formulations for the treatment of wound healing, specifically in the case of diabetes.
Peningkatan kualitas layanan pos PAUD melalui penyusunan program penguatan Pendidikan karakter berbasis masyarakat
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Aisyah Eny Nur , Redjeki Endang Sri 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat pada layanan lembaga Pos PAUD. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama 2 hari dengan 30 peserta dari Pos PAUD di Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Pelatihan diselenggarakan dengan metode two in one training, yang memadukan teori dan praktek penyusunan SOP (Standart Operational Procedure), Brand-ing Sekolah, dan identifikasi pelibatan potensi masyarakat. Melalui pelatihan ini pemahaman guru terhadap PPK Berbasis Masyarakat dan PPK Berbasis Budaya Sekolah meningkat, terbukti dari skor pretest 52,4 menjadi 86,2 pada saat post test. Output yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah tersusunnya rancangan program PPK berbasis masyarakat dan teridentifikasi lembaga mitra. Setiap lembaga Pos PAUD juga mampu menyusun branding sekolah. Penyelenggaraan pelatihan secara umum dinilai sangat baik oleh peserta dengan skor rata-rata 90,2. Hal ini bermakna bahwa peserta senang mengikuti pelatihan, materi sesuai dengan kebutuhan, metode pelatihan menyenangkan, media yang digunakan sesuai dengan materi, ruangan nyaman dan peserta dilibatkan secara aktif dalam proses. Improving the quality of pos PAUD services through the development of community-based character education program strengthening AbstractThe purpose of this activity is to increase community participation in the services of Pos PAUD institutions. This training activity was held for 2 days with 30 participants from Pos PAUD in Sukun District, Malang City. The training was conducted using the two in one training method, which combines the theory and practice of preparing SOP (Standard Operational Procedure), School Branding, and identification of potential community involvement. Through this training the teacher's understanding of Community Based PPK and School Culture-Based PPK increased, as evidenced by the pretest score of 52.4 to 86.2 at the time of the post-test. The output obtained from this activity is the preparation of community-based PPK program designs and identified partner institutions. Every Pos PAUD institution is also able to compile school branding. The organization of training was generally rated very well by participants with an average score of 90.2. This means that the participants like to attend the training, the material is in accordance with their needs, the training methods are fun, the media is used according to the material, the room is comfortable and participants are actively involved in the process
Optimalisasi pembelajaran self-study pada program Paket A di pusat kegiatan belajar masyarakat di masa pandemi
Authors: Rustan Edhy , Baderia Baderia , Tamrin Rahmat 
Published: March 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 mensyaratkan social distance, sehingga pembelajaran mandiri perlu dimaksimalkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan (1) bentuk pembelajaran self-study, (2) kendala, dan (3) manfaat pembelajaran self-study pada program paket A di PKBM Rantenase selama pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengelola, tutor, dan warga belajar program paket A. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis interaktif dengan cara reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran mandiri di PKBM Rantenase dilaksanakan dengan tutor mengarahkan peserta didik melalui pesan SMS maupun Whatsapp sedangkan evaluasi diganti dengan penugasan. Kendala yang ditemui selama pembelajaran di masa pandemic yakni kendala teknis seperti akses jaringan, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana serta sumber belajar. Sedangkan kendala nonteknis yakni karakteristik warga belajar. Manfaat pembelajaran self-study memperkuat literasi fungsional terutama keterampilan literasi digital, membangkitkan semangat penggerak pemberdayaan masyarakat terutama dalam pembelajaran meski dengan segala keterbatasan. Peserta didik memperoleh pengalaman belajar yang bermakna, berdasarkan potensi dan kebutuhannya. Optimization of self-study learning in the Paket A program at the community learning activity center during the pandemic Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic requires social distance, so independent learning needs to be maximized. The purpose of this study was to describe (1) the form of self-study learning, (2) constraints, and (3) the benefits of self-study learning in the package A program in PKBM Rantenase during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were managers, tutors, and learning citizens of the package A program. Data collection methods used interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed interactively by means of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that independent learning in PKBM Rantenase was carried out with a tutor directing students via SMS or Whatsapp messages while assignments replaced evaluation. The obstacles encountered during learning during the pandemic were technical problems such as network access, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, and learning resources. Meanwhile, non-technical constraints are the characteristics of the learning community. The benefits of self-study learning strengthen functional literacy, especially digital literacy skills, arouse the spirit of community empowerment, especially in learning even with all the limitations. Learners gain meaningful learning experiences based on their potential and needs.
Pemberdayaan kelompok tani melalui pembuatan bioenergi pertanian dari limbah batang pisang
Authors: Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Elvia Rina , Handayani Dewi , Amida Nadia , Palenti Citra Dwi 
Published: March 2022

Kabupaten Kepahiang merupakan sentra produksi sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan salah satunya buah pisang. Kualitas produksi sangat bergantung pada proses pemeliharaan dan pemupukan yang harganya sangat memberatkan dan menjadi permasalahan bagi petani. Pasca panen, batang pisang akan dibiarkan sebagai limbah padahal batang pisang berpotensi sebagai bioenergi pertanian. Berkaitan dengan permasalahan dan potensi tersebut maka dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan motivasi kepada masyarakat Desa Tapak Gedung Kecamatan Tebat Karai Kabupaten Kepahiang Propinsi Bengkulu dalam memanfaatkan limbah pisang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode Participatory Action Research (PAR) melalui 3 strategi yaitu Sosialisasi, Pelaksanaan serta monitoring dan evaluasi program. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, Fosused Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara, praktek lapangan dan dokumentasi. Kegiatan ini disambut baik dan antusias oleh masyarakat Desa Tapak Gedung. Masyarakat merasa sangat terbantu dalam penyedian pupuk organik dalam menunjang usaha pertaniannya. Berdasarkan strategi yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani melalui pembuatan bioenergi pertanian dari limbah batang pisang dapat memberikan ilmu yang sangat membantu bagi masyarakat serta pembuatan pupuk organik dalam skala besar dapat dijadikan alternatife untuk peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat. AbstractKepahiang Regency is a center for the production of vegetables and fruits, one of which is bananas. The quality of production is very dependent on the maintenance and fertilization process, which is very expensive and a problem for farmers. After harvest, banana stems will be left as waste, even though banana stems have the potential as agricultural bioenergy. In connection with these problems and potential, community service activities were carried out aimed at providing knowledge and motivation to the people of Tapak Gedung Village, Tebat Karai District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province in utilizing banana waste. This activity is carried out using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method through 3 strategies: socialization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the program. Data were collected through observation techniques, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), interviews, field practice and documentation. This activity was welcomed and enthusiastically by the people of Tapak Gedung Village. The community feels very helpful in providing organic fertilizers to support their agricultural business. Based on the strategy carried out, it can be concluded that the activities of empowering farmer groups through the manufacture of agrarian bioenergy from banana stem waste can provide knowledge that is very helpful for the community, and the manufacture of organic fertilizers on a large scale can be used as an alternative to improve the community's economy.
Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Sekapuk: Sebuah Participatory Action Research
Authors: Asmoro Agung Yoga , Yusrizal Firdaus , Saputra Indra 
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi aktual kepariwisataan berbasis masyarakat (CBT) di Desa Sekapuk dengan menganalisis pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip CBT. CBT patut diimplementasikan karena masyarakat adalah pihak yang seyogianya menjadi pelaku utama berbagai kegiatan kepariwisataan, sehingga manfaat dari pariwisata dapat dirasakan langsung oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan Community-Based Research (CBR) yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR). Implementasi CBT di Desa Sekapuk secara garis besar sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip CBT pada aspek: partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat; kemitraan dengan pemangku kepentingan terkait; pengakuan dari otoritas terkait; peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial; keadilan dan transparansi dalam pembagian manfaat; peningkatan hubungan dengan ekonomi lokal dan regional; dan kemandirian finansial. Penelitian menemukan masih perlu ditingkatkan kinerja dalam aspek penghargaan terhadap budaya dan tradisi lokal, kontribusi terhadap konservasi sumber daya alam; dan upaya peningkatan pengalaman pengunjung. Community–Based Tourism in Sekapuk Village: a Participatory Action ResearchAbstract: This study aims to understand the actual conditions of community-based tourism (CBT) in Sekapuk Village by analyzing the implementation of CBT principles. CBT should be implemented because the local community is supposedly the main actors for various tourism activities to maximize the direct benefits of tourism. This research is Community-Based Research (CBR) conducted using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The implementation of CBT in Sekapuk Village is broadly in line with the principles of CBT in the aspects of community participation and empowerment; partnerships with relevant stakeholders; recognition from relevant authorities; increase in social welfare; fairness and transparency in benefit-sharing; improved relations with local and regional economies; and financial independence. The research found that performance needs to be improved in terms of respect for local culture and traditions, contribution to the conservation of natural resources; and visitor experience enhancement efforts.