bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrosurgical incision is safe and effective for the definitive treatment of gastric antral webs during endoscopic balloon dilatation in children
Authors: Lau Beng-Huat , Chang Paul C 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Congenital gastric antral web is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction in children. Treatment options have evolved from the traditional surgical approach to endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD). The authors would like to share their experience in using minimal invasive endoscopic techniques in the treatment of pediatric gastric antral webs.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study between 2015 and 2019. Data obtained included patient demographics, symptoms, image studies, endoscopic treatment, postoperative feeding, length of hospital stay, and outcome.

Results:
A total of four patients with gastric antral web who received electrosurgical incision (ESI) and EBD were enrolled. The median age was 12.5 months old (range 2–30 months). Recurrent vomiting was the most frequent symptom. The diagnosis was confirmed by upper gastrointestinal series and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. All patients underwent a combined procedure: endoscopic ESI of the web followed by EBD. The median duration of the procedure was 85 min. The median postoperative feeding started at 2.6 h. The median length of hospital stay after the procedure was 1.5 days. The median follow-up was 24 months. There were no recurrences or redo procedures. Follow-up of each patient was all symptom-free with adequate weight gain. The success rate was 100%.

Conclusion:
The use of ESI in combination with EBD is safe and effective for the definitive treatment of gastric antral webs in infants and children. With available expertise, it can be used safely as the first-line treatment. With the addition of ESI, it is associated with low recurrence rate and a faster recovery.
Case Report: A Fatal Case of Babesiosis in a Splenectomized Male Patient from Western India
Authors: Godbole Ravi , Gaur Avantika , Nayar Priyanka , Kiruthiga Kala Gnanasekaran , D’Costa Pradeep , Manchanda Rumma , Khilari Ajinkya , Shanmugam Dhanasekaran , Muglikar Kalpana D. , Kundu Krishnendu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Human babesiosis is a rare disease, caused by Babesia species and commonly transmitted by tick bite. Although human babesiosis is known to be asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, clinical cases of severe babesiosis have been reported from splenectomized or immunocompromised individuals. To our knowledge, only one case of human babesiosis in India has been previously reported. Here, we report a case of severe babesiosis with high parasitemia (∼70%) in a 30-year-old asplenic farmer. The patient presented with fever, yellowish discoloration of skin, oliguria, and anemia; he eventually developed multiorgan failure syndrome and died. Peripheral blood films were prepared and used to confirm the presence of piroplasms by microscopy. Total DNA isolated from blood was used for 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragment amplification by polymerase chain reaction, which was subjected to Sanger sequencing. Although 18S sequence indicated that the Babesia species infecting the patient was similar to that of other Babesia species originating from wild mammals, species identification could not be done. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the patient-derived pathogen is distinct because it forms a separate clade in the cladogram.
Rapid Decline of Zika Virus IgM Antibodies against the NS1 Protein in Imported Israeli Cases
Authors: Lustig Yaniv , Zuckerman Neta , Koren Ravit , Katz-Likvornik Shiri , Yizchaki Mayan , Mendelson Ella , Freedman Laurence , Schwartz Eli 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy may cause severe fetal abnormalities and therefore it is important to diagnose and distinguish between recent and past Zika infection. Serological diagnosis assays detect antibodies against the envelope protein, that suffer from high cross-reactivity. In addition, reports regarding long IgM persistence prevent its use in diagnosis of recent Zika infection. Following the Zika pandemic, a novel ELISA assay based on detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Zika nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein was developed (NS1-IgM and NS1-IgG). Here, antibodies against NS1 were assessed in Israeli travelers diagnosed with Zika. NS1-IgM and NS1-IgG antibodies from 36 travelers diagnosed with ZIKV infection were detected as early as 5 days after symptom onset. However, while IgG levels were maintained for several months, IgM levels in all samples declined rapidly and by 31 days after symptom onset, no IgM positive samples were detected. Interval-censored survival analysis demonstrated 25%, 50%, and 75% decline in NS1-IgM levels in 29 days (95% CI: 22–34), 34 days (95% CI: 29–44), and 44 days (95% CI: 34–65), respectively. Our results suggest that IgM antibodies against ZIKV NS1 are short lived and can be used as a reliable marker for diagnosis of recent ZIKV infection.
Human Toxocariasis in Israel: A Nationwide Serology-Based Analysis, 2005–2019
Authors: Boleslavsky Daniel , Manor Uri , Grossman Tamar , Sagi Orli , Ben-Shimol Shalom , Schwartz Eli 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Toxocariasis is a rare and underdiagnosed disease, and data concerning epidemiological aspects of toxocariasis in Israel are lacking. We describe the epidemiology of toxocariasis in Israel. Epidemiological data of all serology tests between 2005 and 2019 were retrieved and compared with detailed demographics. Overall, 464 positive cases from a total of 10,896 tests conducted were identified, reflecting a mean positivity rate of 4.4% (yearly range, 2–22%). Over the years, a significant increase in yearly tests was noted, without a parallel change in the positivity rate. The greatest positivity was noted among males and children (< 18 years). No differences were noted when comparing urban/rural and Jewish/non-Jewish sub-groups. A significant correlation between toxocariasis incidence and dog ownership rate was observed in major cities (r[8] = 0.82, P < 0.005). Our study shows that, in Israel, toxocariasis is not restricted to specific populations or locations. The risk factor of dog contacts was reiterated by nationwide dog registration data. There is need for a seroprevalence survey to understand the disease situation more fully.
Maternal Dietary Iron and Folate Intake in the Third Trimester and Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study at a Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Agnes , Ainuson-Quampah Joana , Nkumsah-Riverson Portia , Asah-Opoku Kwaku 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Dietary iron and folate are nutrients of great importance during pregnancy because of the role they play to ensure optimal birth outcomes. Dietary intake has been found to decline during the third trimester. This study sought to assess the dietary iron and folate intake in the third trimester and pregnancy outcomes of women in their third trimester attending antenatal clinics at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Eighty-one participants at a gestational age of 32 weeks were recruited and monitored until delivery—from May 4, 2020 to July 1 2020—using a consecutive sampling method at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Dietary intake information was obtained based on a 52-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily supplement doses of participants were recorded. Serum concentrations of iron (ferritin) and folate were determined using ELISA microwells. The mean dietary intake of iron and folate was 13.5 ± 8.30 mg and 331.0 ± 114.0 μg, respectively. The mean intake of iron and folic acid supplements was 42.7 ± 48.8 mg and 5.5 ± 11.1 mg, respectively. Most of the participants had serum ferritin and folate levels in the normal range (82.7% and 87.7%, respectively). Almost all the participants had positive birth outcomes, and total dietary iron was a significant predictor of birth outcome (P = 0.041). The majority of pregnant women did not meet the daily recommendation for iron and folate, but adherence to daily supplement intake was good and could have accounted for the positive birth outcomes.
Assessing the Effects of Cooking Fuels on Anopheles Mosquito Behavior: An Experimental Study in Rural Rwanda
Authors: Hennessee Ian , Kirby Miles A. , Misago Xavier , Mupfasoni Jackie , Clasen Thomas , Kitron Uriel , Rosenthal Joshua P. , Hakizimana Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Globally, cleaner cooking fuels are increasingly promoted to reduce household air pollution. However, there is concern that reductions in smoke from biomass fuels could lead to more favorable conditions for mosquitoes and potentially increase vectorborne disease risk. We investigated household entry, host-seeking, household exit, and mortality among Anopheles mosquitoes across three cooking fuel types: wood, charcoal, and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) in six experimental huts in Rwanda. Fifty laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were released each night in entry compartments outside each hut, and fuels were burned for 1 hour in the hut verandas. Collectors conducted human landing catch during cooking and for 2 hours afterward, and CDC light traps were used for the rest of the night to measure host-seeking. Differences in each outcome were assessed using generalized linear mixed models with random effects for hut, collector, and day. Cooking with LPG compared with wood and charcoal was associated with substantial increases in household entry and host-seeking. Household exit was not significantly different across fuels, and mortality was lower in LPG-burning huts compared with wood. Although these results are not directly generalizable to field conditions, they indicate a potential for clean fuel adoption to increase exposure to Anopheles mosquitoes compared with traditional biomass fuels. Additional entomological and epidemiological studies are needed to investigate changes in disease vector exposure associated with clean fuel adoption, and evaluate whether enhanced vector control interventions should be promoted in tandem with cleaner cooking fuels.
Features of the Turkmen Model of Development in the Period 1991-2020
Authors: Tsapko O. 
Published: February 2022

The article comprehensively examines the main components of the Turkmen model of development. In particular, it is noted that today Turkmenistan, compared to other post-Soviet countries, has hardly been affected by modern processes of reforming public life and economic sphere on the basis of democracy, rule of law, building a civilized market and a full-fledged civil society. The author of the article gives a detailed description of modern informal clan structures in Turkmenistan, clarifies their nature and the degree of influence on the functioning of the state and legal system of the country. In particular, it is concluded that the decisive role in the formation of the peculiarities of the Turkmen model of development was played by clan - tribal groups, which have developed here historically. The dominant role among them in public authorities today is occupied by Akhal Tekins.The period of formation of the Turkmen model of development was conditionally divided into two stages. The first stage covers the chronological framework from 1991 to 2006; it is connected with the rule of the first president of the country S. Niyazov. Characteristic features of this period were that proclaimed in the Constitution of Turkmenistan, the construction of a democratic society was replaced by the transition to a “national classless society of a fundamentally new type” at the center of which is the president with unlimited power and cult of personality. The second stage concerns the beginning of 2007 and to the present day. It is connected with the rule of G. Berdymukhamedov. Despite some attempts to democratize the existing systems of government, the activities of the new leader, as well as his predecessor, is characterized by the secrecy and family-clan nature of the ruling elite.A significant place in the article is also given to the study of the peculiarities of economic development of the country, in particular in the field of investment activities. In addition, the main factors influencing the evolution of modern Turkmen foreign policy from a policy of neutrality to isolationism are identified. The author of the article also notes the existence in the modern political system of Turkmenistan of a kind of institutional-legal vacuum, which ultimately leads to the formation of a cult of personality in the country. All this has become a significant obstacle to the process of forming a modern institutional structure in the country.
Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Curing Modes on Depth of Cure (DoC) in BulkFill Composite Resin: an invitro study
Authors: Haji Zainab , Ghafoor Robia 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the depth of cure in smart dentin replacement bulkfill composite resins polymerized by constant, pulse and ramped light-emitting diode curing modes.
Method: The in vitro experimental study was conducted in November and December 2019 at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised cylindrical composite specimens 8x4mm in size which were polymerised in Teflon using light-emitting diode under constant mode in Group 1, pulse mode in Group 2 and ramped mode in Group 3. Once polymerised, each specimen was extruded from the mould and, using the International Organisation for Standardisation-4049 scrapping method, uncured resin was removed. Specimen lengths were measured with a Vernier calliper. Each specimen was measured thrice and the mean was taken as the depth of cure. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Result: Of the 33 specimens, there were 11(33.3%) in each of the 3 groups. Mean depth of cure in Group 1 was 2.92±0.29mm, in Group 2 it was 2.88±0.27mm, and it was 3.18±0.26mm in Group 3. The difference between Group 2 and Group 3 was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Maximum depth of cure of smart dentin replacement bulkfill composite was achieved by ramped cure mode of light-emitting diode unit, followed by constant and pulse modes.
Key Words: Composite resin, Curing light, Surefil SDR flow, In vitro techniques.
Assessment of Awareness on Climate Change among Public and Private Universities of Lahore
Authors: Mohsin Ayesha , Shehzad Abeera , Bilal Fatima , Imran Fatima , Akhtar Sana , Fatima Syeda Anna 
Published: February 2022

As everything in this world evolves or changes, so does our climate. Scientists have now proved that climate change is happening at a much faster rate than before. Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change impacts. Pakistan is considered as 7th most vulnerable country to climate change. Recently in Lahore, many major events occurred due to climate change like the occurrence of smog. The present study was conducted in 4 different tertiary institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive survey design was specially employed for this study which used a stratified random sampling method for selecting the students. Moreover, a structured questionnaire titled climate change awareness was developed for collecting data from the students based on their level of awareness. According to this survey, 49.1% of the students know about the policies government is making regarding climate change. 62.5% of the respondents agreed that they have the necessary information to prepare for the impacts of climate change. The result of the findings showed a moderate level of awareness about climate change among the students. Awareness of climate change is an important ingredient for the successful implementation of climate change policy in the country. By improving the climate services and raising awareness about climate change and once it starts to grow it can be integrated into local, national, and sectoral development plans.
Evolutionary Process of the “Born Globals” – A Literature Review
Authors: Estelles-Miguel Sofía , Garces Bautista Jose Luis , Peris-Ortiz Marta , Valero Cordoba Gladys Mireya 
Published: February 2022

New theories of internationalization and their methodologies propose the union of two or more companies to satisfy requirements in international markets. Joint ventures, international licenses, foreign investors or even the basic operation of exporting and importing are a clear example of these. Furthermore, these theories aim to carry out processes to insert regions in a more global context. As a result, productivity and competitiveness level indicators are expected to improve. The present work presents a bibliographic review of companies known as “Born Global”. A study of this concept has been developed over time and organized as follows: Beginning of the term in the 90s, evolution in the 2000s, and academic boom between 2010 and 2020.
How does the latency period impact the modeling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics?
Authors: Patterson Ben , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2022

We introduce two mathematical models based on systems of differential equations to investigate the relationship between the latency period and the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. We analyze the equilibrium and stability properties of these models, and perform an asymptotic study in terms of small and large latency periods. We fit the models to the COVID-19 data in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Our numerical results demonstrate the impact of the latency period on the dynamical behaviors of the solutions, on the value of the basic reproduction numbers, and on the accuracy of the model predictions.
MODEL JEMAAT RUMAH BERDASARKAN SURAT FILIPI SEBAGAI STRATEGI MISI UNTUK MENUJU JEMAAT GKE SAMPIT YANG MISIONER
Authors: Eltarani  , Latumahina Dina Elisabeth 
Published: February 2022

Gereja ada karena misi. Sebagai gereja yang diutus, ia tidak melaksanakan misinya sendiri tetapi gereja berfungsi sebagai pelaksana misi Allah. Pernyataan ini menyiratkan bahwa gereja tidak dapat menyangkal tugas misionernya. Oleh karena itu, kesadaran dan pelaksanaan tugas misionaris harus menjadi prioritasnya. Dalam menjalankan tugas misioner ia tidak mementingkan dirinya sendiri tetapi ia ada untuk orang lain. Untuk menjadi jemaat misioner diperlukan pola pembinaan dan pelayanan yang strategis guna mempersiapkan anggota gereja agar mampu menjalankan misi Allah.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih luas dan mendalam tentang Model Jemaat Rumah Berdasarkan Surat Paulus untuk Menuju Jemaat Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis Sampit yang Misioner.
Tujuan penulisan disertasi ini adalah untuk menemukan model Jemaat Rumah dalam konteks Jemaat GKE Sampit sebagai strategi misi. Jemaat Rumah sebagai model pelayanan dengan persekutuan sosial yang dapat berfungsi sebagai pola yang fleksibel untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan secara pribadi serta mempersiapkan anggota gereja untuk melaksanakan tugas misioner. Jemaat Rumah juga dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana untuk membina mereka, tidak hanya untuk terlibat dalam pelayanan, tetapi terutama untuk memampukan mereka mengaktualisasikan imannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan berfungsi sebagai gereja di dunia.
TINJAUAN ETIS KRISTEN TERHADAP POLITISASI AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Lumban Gaol Kurnia Sondang 
Published: February 2022

Prinsip kepercayaan yang dibuat bersifat politik sesungguhnya adalah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh para elit politik di Indonesia dikarenakan masalah kekuasaan, keinginan untuk mendapatkan posisi penghormatan, penghargaan. Penggunaan agama sebagai alat pencapai kekuasaan juga didukung oleh lemahnya integritas, identitas, dan kredibilitas para tokoh agama yang mau diperalat untuk memperoleh keuntungan pribadi dan keinginan untuk berkuasa. Politisasi Agama tidak pernah dapat menyelesaikan masalah, justru memperburuk kondisi bangsa, mencederai demokrasi bangsa, dan merugikan bangsa. Sehingga menggunakan agama yang transenden sebagai bagian dalam proses politik praktis tidaklah etis. Tugas orang percaya sebagai warga negara yang bertanggungjawab adalah melakukan politik agama bukan politisasi agama, sebagai garam dan terang gereja harus melakukan politik kenabian. Orang percaya yang bersikap anti politik berarti menganggap bahwa pengajaran Yesus pada masa lampau tidak dapat diaplikasikan bagi persoalan politik masa kini. Bersikap anti politik dengan alasan bahwa politik selalu menggunakan kekuasaan untuk memaksa, tidaklah mendasar. Orang-orang Kristen boleh menerima dan menjalankan jabatan pemerintahan bila mereka terpanggil untuk itu (Kis. 10:1-2). Namun harus mampu bersikap benar dalam menghadapi persoalan dan situasi bangsa Orang percaya harus melaksanakan fungsinya sebagai “garam” dan “terang” dunia. Keterlibatan dalam politik dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Kegiatan politik tidak hanya melalui partai politik atau institusi politik lainnya yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah, tetapi juga dapat berbentuk kegiatan pada organisasi kemasyarakatan. Kehadiran orang Kristen dalam dunia perpolitikan haruslah digunakan untuk memuliakan Tuhan. Orang Kristen harus berhati-hati agar tidak terjebak dengan agamaisasi politik dan politisasi agama. Takut akan Tuhan adalah dasar politik moral orang percaya dalam bersentuhan dengan politik praktis.
PELAYANAN PASTORAL KONSELING BERDASARKAN 1 PETRUS 5 : 1 – 11
Authors: Tuhumury Hanok 
Published: February 2022

Pergantian sistem pemerintahan di Israel dalam 1 Samuel 8:1-22 yang menyoroti suasana transisi dari pemerintahan hakim ke pemerintahan raja menuntut agar kita tidak menghayati iman secara naif, dalam arti hitam-putih saja, tetapi secara mendalam, secara dialektis. Di dalam ayat 7 barulah jelas bahwa persoalan dalam perikop ini bukanlah sekadar masalah sekular mengenai pergantian sistem, tetapi persoalan iman. Sebab dengan mengajukan tuntutan meminta raja, bukannya Israel menolak Samuel, tetapi menolak Tuhan sendiri. Kesetiaan iman terhadap Tuhan ternyata tidak menuntut agar kita mengidentikkan iman dengan zaman apa saja, entah itu masa lalu, masa kini atau masa depan. Kerajaan Allah melampaui gambaran apa pun yang dapat digambarkan oleh manusia. Maka yang dituntut dari orang beriman dalam rangka menghadapi perubahan zaman sehingga dapat setia kepada imannya maupun kepada konteks, adalah sikap dialektis. Tetapi yang ditekankan adalah kesetiaan iman saja, dan tidak peduli pada perubahan konteks yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Penulis melihat bahwa hal tersebut yang membuat bebarapa anggota gereja Bala Keselamatan Jember, akhirnya kalah dalam peperangan rohani karena tidak peduli dengan konteks, imannya “terjual” karena menikah dengan orang yang tidak seiman dan akhir terjadi perceraian karena tidak adanya kesesuaian dalam hidup rumah tangga. Bagaimana supaya kita dapat terhindar dari kesalahan ini, sehingga bisa membangun sikap dialektis yang dapat memampukan kita untuk setia pada iman sekaligus setia pada konteks?. Emanuel Gerrit Singgih mengemukakan tiga hal, sebagai berikut: Pertama, kita perlu kembali kepada Alkitab. Harus bertolak dari teks Alkitab sehingga dapat menuntun kita untuk mengambil sikap yang tepat sesuai dengan suasana perubahan sehingga bisa menghayati imannya sesuai dengan konteks yang ada. Kedua, kita perlu kembali kepada reformator-reformator, yang adalah para pembaru gereja dengan prinsip reformasi: yaitu “Ecclesia Reformata, semper roformanda” (gereja reformasi selalu bereformasi). Para reformator telah berhasil memecahkan kebekuan teologis yang ada dengan memprotes konteks, “penggunaan bahasa Latin sebagai bahasa ibadah dan menggantikan dengan bahasa setempat (konteks). Ketiga, beralih dari managemen top-down, kepada managemen bottom-up, sehingga jemaat yang ada dalam segala pergumulan hidupnya tetap dihargai karena mereka adalah domba dari Kristus, jemaat dan gembala/majelis semuanya adalah kawan sekerja Allah.