bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of medical traumatic stress in parents of children with medical complexity
Authors: Dewan Tammie , Birnie Katie , Drury Julie , Jordan Isabel , Miller Megan , Neville Alexandra , Noel Melanie , Randhawa Alam , Zadunayski Anna , Zwicker Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesParents of children with medical complexity (CMC) experience high levels of stress and adverse mental health outcomes. Pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) could be an important contributor that has not yet been explored. PMTS describes parents' reactions to their child's illness and medical treatment and can lead to post‐traumatic stress symptoms. This is the first study to describe the experiences and impact of PMTS among parents of CMC.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 22 parents of CMC. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate themes that described the experiences of PMTS and potential contributing factors in the healthcare setting. Themes were validated by study participants.ResultsParents experienced a spectrum of events and circumstances that impacted PMTS. These corresponded to three major themes: (a) the distinctive context of being the parent of a CMC, (b) interactions with healthcare providers that can hurt or heal and (c) system factors that set the stage for trauma. The consequences of repeated PMTS were a common point of emphasis among all the themes. Parents identified numerous changes that could mitigate PMTS such as acknowledgement of trauma and provision of proactive mental health support.ConclusionsOur study highlights the issue of PMTS among parents of CMC and presents opportunities to mitigate their traumatic experiences. Supporting the integration of trauma‐informed care practices, increasing awareness of PMTS and advocating for parental mental health services could better support parents and families.
Interventions for reducing weight bias in healthcare providers: An interprofessional systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moore Caroline Hallen , Oliver Tracy L. , Randolph Justus , Dowdell Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWeight bias is prevalent in many healthcare disciplines and negatively impacts the quality of care for patients with obesity. This warrants interventions to reduce weight bias shown by providers to improve care for individuals with obesity. However, past reviews have identified only marginal success in improving the attitudes and beliefs of healthcare providers about individuals with obesity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis identifies and synthesizes recent peer‐reviewed intervention studies aimed at reducing weight bias in healthcare students and professionals. The databases Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for peer‐reviewed studies published between 2016 and August 2021. Search terms included a combination of surrogate terms for the concepts of weight bias, intervention and healthcare students or professionals. The search yielded 1136 articles, and 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Nineteen effect sizes from nine studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, the interventions in the included studies result in a 0.38 SD reduction (Hedge's g) in obesity‐bias with 95% confidence intervals from −0.52 to −0.24, indicating a small to moderate effect size in the reduction of weight bias. Most studies included students and focused on evoking empathy or educating on the causality/controllability of obesity. Measurement tools, intervention type, limitations of the studies and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Talk is cheap: Parent financial socialization and emerging adult financial well‐being
Authors: LeBaron‐Black Ashley B. , Curran Melissa A. , Hill E. Jeffrey , Toomey Russell B. , Speirs Katherine E. , Freeh Margaret E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe test how three main methods of family financial socialization (retrospectively reported) are uniquely associated with three indicators of financial well‐being, and whether financial self‐efficacy and financial management behaviors mediate these associations.BackgroundAlthough the link between family financial socialization and financial well‐being in emerging adulthood is well established, no previous study has differentiated between the three main socialization methods nor tested their unique pathways. We expand on family financial socialization theory to begin addressing this gap.MethodWe utilize reliable and valid measures of parent financial socialization and data from 4,182 U.S. emerging adults.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed that (a) parent financial modeling was directly associated with financial behaviors and financial satisfaction and indirectly associated with all three financial outcomes through financial behaviors, (b) experiential learning was directly associated with financial self‐efficacy and indirectly associated with all three financial outcomes through financial self‐efficacy, and (c) parent–child financial discussion had zero direct or indirect associations.ConclusionTo prepare children and adolescents for future financial well‐being, parents should focus on modeling financial behaviors and providing experiential learning opportunities rather than lecturing.ImplicationsTo improve the financial well‐being of emerging adults, educators should promote parent financial modeling and experiential learning.
COVID‐19, (im)mobilities and blockages: Re‐thinking mobilities of migrant women in Northern Ireland
Authors: Kempny Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the recent COVID‐19 pandemic and how it has affected mobilities in Northern Ireland. Drawing on the findings of in‐depth interviews with migrant women and elements of autoethnographic research, the author discusses how migrant women reshape their mobilities in the context of global pandemic. The article looks into how COVID‐19 has reinforced the existing mobility regimes and how waiting has become an important part of migrant women strategies. To this end, it examines waiting as both passive and active condition. It then explores politics of mobility and transgressive powers involved in migrant women trajectories.
Human capital agglomeration, institutional barriers, and internal migration in China
Authors: Yu Baixue , Niu Geng , Ye Jingjing , Zhang Wen‐wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how human capital agglomeration interplays with institutional factors to affect migration destination choice in China. Over the last decades, China has experienced massive internal migration, substantial human capital investment, and the relaxation of its hukou system, thus providing us with a valuable opportunity to examine the role of human capital externality in migration choice. Based on rich data on province‐to‐province migration flows for different education and hukou groups, we find that migrants in China, especially highly educated and urban‐to‐urban migrants, have a strong preference to move to provinces with a high agglomeration of human capital. Further examination reveals that low‐skilled migrants in China are less likely to benefit from human capital agglomeration because of their lower ability to overcome hukou restrictions. Our findings raise the concern that labor migration under the skill‐biased hukou system would enlarge China's regional disparities in human capital and economic development.
The histological spectrum of ARB‐induced gastritis
Authors: Storozuk Tanner , Brown Ian , Lagana Stephen , Westerhoff Maria , Setia Namrata , Hart John , Alpert Lindsay 
Published: August 2022

AimsOlmesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used for hypertension management, is known to cause a sprue‐like enteropathy in a subset of patients. Rare cases of gastritis occurring with ARB use have also been reported, but the histological features of ARB‐induced gastritis and the response to drug cessation have not been examined in a dedicated case‐series.Methods and resultsCases of suspected ARB‐induced gastritis were identified from the pathology archives of four institutions. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides from gastric biopsies were reviewed. Fifteen patients (14 female, one male) were identified. The most common presenting symptoms were diarrhoea (10) and weight loss (six). Gastric biopsies commonly showed a full‐thickness active chronic gastritis with surface epithelial injury involving the antrum and body. Glandular atrophy, intra‐epithelial lymphocytosis and/or subepithelial collagen thickening were also present in some cases. Duodenal involvement, including villous atrophy, intra‐epithelial lymphocytosis and/or collagenous sprue, was identified in 11 of 13 cases with concurrent duodenal biopsies. Following drug cessation, symptomatic improvement occurred in all 11 cases for which follow‐up data were available. Histological resolution occurred in five of eight cases with follow‐up gastric biopsies, with improvement seen in the remaining three biopsies.ConclusionARB‐induced gastritis typically presents as active chronic gastritis, frequently with associated surface epithelial injury. Glandular atrophy, intra‐epithelial lymphocytosis and/or subepithelial collagen thickening may also be present. These gastric changes can be seen without associated duodenal injury in rare cases, and they should alert the pathologist to the possibility of ARB‐induced injury. Drug cessation results in marked symptomatic and histological improvement.
Inferior alveolar nerve block success of 2% mepivacaine versus 4% articaine in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars: A randomized double‐blind single‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Habib Mohammed Fawzy Omar Mohammed , Tarek Sovana , Teama Sara Mohamed Elsayed , Ezzat Khaled , El Boghdadi Randa Mohamed , Marzouk Abeer , Fouda Manar Yehia , Gawdat Shaimaa Ismail , Bedier Marwa Mahmoud , Amin Suzan Abdul Wanees 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) success of 2% mepivacaine (Scandonest 2%, Septodont, France) and 4% articaine (Septanest 4%, Septodont) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in mandibular molars during access cavity preparation and instrumentation.MethodologyThree hundred and thirty patients with moderate‐to‐severe pain in mandibular molars with SIP randomly received either 3.6 ml 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride with 1:100 000 adrenalin or 3.4 ml 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:100 000 adrenalin (n = 165). Intraoperative pain (IOP) intensity was assessed during access cavity preparation and canal instrumentation using 11‐point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Overall success was considered if the patient felt no‐to‐mild pain without the need for supplemental anaesthesia throughout treatment; the incidence of need for supplemental anaesthesia was also recorded. Data were statistically analysed using Mann–Whitney U‐ and Chi‐squared (χ2) tests. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of anaesthetic failure were calculated. The effect of pre‐disposing factors on outcome variables was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. None of the participants reported any adverse effects.ResultsBaseline variables were balanced between groups (p > .05). The IOP intensity during access cavity preparation and canal instrumentation was similar for both groups (p > .05). IOP intensity was associated with preoperative pain intensity and tooth type (p < .05). Overall anaesthetic success rate was 35.8% for mepivacaine and 41.2% for articaine (p > .05) with a relative risk of failure [95% CI] 1.09 [0.92, 1.30]. The need for supplemental anaesthesia occurred 43.6% and 38.2% with mepivacaine and articaine respectively (p > .05; RR [95% CI]: 1.14 [0.88, 1.48]). Preoperative pain level and age were associated with the need for supplemental anaesthesia.Conclusions2% mepivacaine and 4% articaine demonstrate similar IANB success rates for mandibular molars with SIP. Intraoperative pain experience during endodontic treatment can be associated with preoperative pain, tooth type and age.
Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children
Authors: Locia‐Morales Daniel , Vázquez‐Moreno Miguel , González‐Dzib Roxana , Domínguez‐Hernández Carmen , Pérez‐Herrera Aleyda , Robles‐Ramírez Roberto J. , Rocha‐Cruz Alberto , Meyre David , Flores‐Alfaro Eugenia , Cruz Miguel 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesLittle is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children.MethodsAnthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22).ResultsA positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10−12; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10−15). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015).ConclusionOur results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
Being “top‐ranked” without “causing troubles”: Comparing federal and provincial immigration pathways for Chinese international students in Canada
Authors: Wang‐Dufil Chen , Hari Amrita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCanada's immigration selection regime uses a combination of human capital measures and direct employer involvement to select economic immigrants, emphasizing pre‐arranged employment as critical to secure permanent resident status. This trend affects international students in unique ways. We interviewed 17 Chinese women international students residing in Canada about their decision to study and desire to stay in Canada. Participants faced difficulties in accumulating adequate employment records for immigration applications and employer‐driven immigration pathways put them at considerable risk of deskilling and exploitation. When comparing available immigration pathways, we found that participants had more success with provincial programmes than federal ones because of the availability of flexible pathways, greater options and lower requirements for eligibility. We conclude with three policy recommendations to highlight the importance of periodic revisions to selection criteria to balance human capital measures and employer reliance to retain talented foreign workers in Canada.
Missed nursing care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alfuqaha Othman A. , Alhalaiqa Fadwa N. , Alqurneh Mohammad K. , Ayed Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare perception of nurses about missed care for the patients before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Jordan. It also examined how nurses differed in terms of the type of missed care and the factors that contributed to it before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, socio‐demographic factors, including gender, educational level, length of clinical experience, work position, age, and type of shift, were examined to evaluate their association with missed nursing care.BackgroundMissed nursing care refers to omission of any aspect of required patient care. Missed care lowers patient satisfaction and also leads to adverse hospital outcomes.MethodsWe adopted a cross‐sectional design among 260 nurses working in medical/surgical wards and intensive care units. Views of 130 nurses before COVID‐19 were compared with views of 130 nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used the Arabic version of the MISSCARE survey. Data were collected between November 2019 and May 2020.ResultsDuring COVID‐19, nurses had significantly higher satisfaction levels and lower levels of absence and intention to leave than nurses before the COVID‐19 pandemic. Differences were observed between nurses’ perceptions of missed care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It was observed that missed nursing care increased during COVID‐19. The inadequate number of staff nurses was the main reason for missed care activities among both groups. Additionally, age and shift type were significantly associated with an increased reason for missed nursing care among both groups.Conclusion and implications for nursingNurses reported higher satisfaction levels and fewer absences and planned departures during this period. Nurse managers should pay attention by maintaining high satisfaction levels and formulating appropriate policies to reduce missed care levels and thus improve patient care quality.
Application of VSD technique in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects
Authors: Zhang Xinling , Chen Yujie , Xiao Xiaodi , Wang Zheng , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects in adults. This study retrospectively included 32 adult patients with clearly diagnosed chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with local soft tissue defects, and the trauma was covered by VSD after debridement, osteotomy, and vancomycin‐laden bone cement filling of the occupancy, and the trauma was covered by selecting a suitable flap transfer repair according to the site and extent of the soft tissue defect after the trauma condition was suitable, and the secondary trauma was taken from the abdominal full‐thickness skin free skin slice graft, according to whether the skin graft area was performed. The skin flap hematoma and infection rate, as well as the skin flap survival rate and implant fixation time were compared and analysed between the two groups. The primary outcome is the implant fixation time, and the secondary outcome is the skin fragment survival rate. In 32 patients, VSD was performed on the bone cement surface to cover the trauma, and 33.2 to 39.8 kPa continuous vacuum sealing drainage was set. The average VSD time duration before soft tissue coverage was 47.87 ± 23.14 days, and the average number of VSD use was 7.18 ± 3.23. The use of VSD before soft tissue coverage did not cause complications such as negative pressure could not be maintained, vacuum sealing drainage was not smooth, skin blistering, trauma. Among the 32 patients, 12 cases of soft tissue coverage were followed by trauma free skin grafting with packing + VSD, and 20 cases were fixed with packing alone, and the duration of continuous packing and fixation of free skin pieces in the VSD group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = .006). The survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .019). VSD in adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremities combined with soft tissue defects can effectively improve the trauma condition, provide the possibility of second‐stage soft tissue coverage, and significantly shorten the preparation time for soft tissue coverage. In addition, when soft tissue coverage trauma is performed, VSD combined with skin graft packing technique can significantly improve the survival rate of skin pieces, shorten the time of skin graft fixation.
A novel, magnetic bead-based extraction method for the isolation of antimicrobial resistance genes with a case study in river water in Malawi
Authors: Byrne Rachel L. , Cocker Derek , Alyayyoussi Ghaith , Mphasa Madalitso , Charles Mary , Mandula Tamandani , Williams Christopher T. , Rigby Jonathan , Hearn Jack , Feasey Nicholas , Adams Emily R. , Edwards Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
The environment is increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which can be identified using molecular platforms. Yet, environmental surveillance remains an underutilised tool as there is no agreement on the best strategy for sample processing. We aim to develop a low-cost extraction method independent to commercial kits or reagents.

Methods and Results
We present a novel, magnetic bead-based method for the isolation of ARGs from river water named MagnaExtract. We present this with analytic limit of detection as well as a case study in Southern Malawi. Here we compare the DNA yield from MagnaExtract with commercially available QIAGEN kits and the crude boil and spin method, using a high-resolution melt analysis PCR panel designed for the detection of third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant genes from 98 water samples.

Conclusion
The MagnaExtract method is comparable, and in some instance's superior to commercially available kits for the isolation of ARGs from river water samples.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The MagnaExtract approach offers a simple, affordable, high yielding extraction method that could be used for the detection of ARGs from river water samples in surveillance campaigns in East Africa.
Clinical outcomes of dental implants in patients with and without history of periodontitis: A 20‐year prospective study
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean‐Claude , Marruganti Crystal , Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramieri Guglielmo , Roccuzzo Mario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo present the 20‐year clinical outcomes of tissue‐level implants in partially edentulous patients previously treated for periodontitis and in periodontally healthy patients (PHP).Material and MethodsThe original population consisted of 149 partially edentulous patients consecutively enrolled in a private specialist practice and divided into three groups: PHP, moderately periodontally compromised patients (mPCP) and severely PCP (sPCP). After successful completion of periodontal/implant therapy, patients were enrolled in an individualized supportive periodontal care (SPC) programme.ResultsEighty‐four patients rehabilitated with 172 implants reached the 20‐year examination. During the observation time, 12 implants were removed (i.e., 11 due to biological complications and 1 due to implant fracture), leading to an overall implant survival rate of 93% (i.e., 94.9% for PHP, 91.8% for mPCP and 93.1% for sPCP [p = .29]). At 20 years, PCP compliant with SPC did not present with significantly higher odds of implant loss compared with PHP compliant with SPC (p > .05). Conversely, PCP not compliant with SPC experienced implant loss with odds ratio of 14.59 (1.30–164.29, p = .03).ConclusionsTissue‐level implants, placed after comprehensive periodontal therapy and SPC, yield favourable long‐term results. However, patients with a history of periodontitis and non‐compliant with SPC are at higher risk of biological complications and implant loss.