bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroecological patterns of fruit infestation rates by the invasive fly Drosophila suzukii in the wild reservoir host plant Sambucus nigra
Authors: Ulmer Romain , Couty Aude , Eslin Patrice , Catterou Manuella , Baliteau Lucas , Bonis Anne , Borowiec Nicolas , Colinet Hervé , Delbac Lionel , Dubois Françoise , Estoup Arnaud , Froissard Joris , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Gard Benjamin , Georges Romain , Gibert Patricia , Le Goff Isabelle , Lemauviel‐Lavenant Servane , Loucougaray Gregory , Michelot‐Antalik Alice , Odoux Jean‐Francois , Pincebourde Sylvain , Rode Nicolas O. , Thaon Marcel , Till‐Bottraud Irène , Chabrerie Olivier 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is a fruit fly native to Asia that infests a wide variety of fruits. Wild plant species are major reservoirs for D. suzukii populations but their infestation rates vary greatly among geographical areas.
We aimed at disentangling the relative roles of macroclimatic, landscape and local factors in the rate of D. suzukii infestation of elderberry fruits (Sambucus nigra), a major wild host plant in Europe.
We collected elderberry fruits across 215 sites distributed in 13 regions from North to South of France. We counted the number of emerging D. suzukii adults and tested for the effect of macroclimatic, landscape, local biotic and abiotic variables, as well as plant traits using linear mixed models.
Site latitude and mean daily maximum temperature since the beginning of the year had respectively the strongest positive and negative effects on mean infestation rates across regions. Infestation rates also increased with forest cover in a 100 m radius around sampling sites.
This study shows the importance of taking into account multiple scales and factors, from the fruit characteristics (i.e. maturity) to landscape composition and macroclimatic variables, when studying the interaction between D. suzukii and its host plants.
Two cases of granulomatous mycosis fungoides mimicking interstitial granulomatous dermatosis
Authors: Stagg Brendan , Ma Joyce , Ibbetson Jan , James Craig , Ly Hoang , Sidhu Shireen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo patients presented with erythematous papules within larger patches and thin plaques. Following biopsies, each case was initially thought to represent interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD); however, clinicopathological correlation led to a diagnosis of granulomatous mycosis fungoides (GMF). Drawing upon the similarities between these cases, this report explores the clinical and histological manifestations of GMF, features distinguishing GMF from other granulomatous diseases like IGD and the prognostic significance of distinguishing GMF from classic mycosis fungoides. This report also shows that despite the potential for histological overlap between GMF and IGD, the existing literature does not reveal an epidemiological or pathophysiological link between these two conditions.
Immunocastration in adult boars as a model for late‐onset hypogonadism
Authors: Batorek‐Lukač Nina , Kress Kevin , Čandek‐Potokar Marjeta , Fazarinc Gregor , Škrlep Martin , Poklukar Klavdija , Wesoly Raffael , Stefanski Volker , Vrecl Milka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile immunocastration has been studied in male pre‐pubertal pigs, data on older, sexually mature animals are limited. To understand the physiological effects of androgen deprivation in the late sexual development phase, we compared mature immunocastrated boars (n = 19; average age = 480 days) to young male immunocastrated pigs (n = 6; average age = 183 days) and young entire males (n = 6; average age = 186 days) as positive and negative controls, respectively.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the timing of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone suppression (early or late sexual development phases) influences the extent of reproductive function inhibition, histological structure of testicular tissue, and expression levels of selected genes related to steroid metabolism.Materials and methodsAntibody titer, hormonal status, and histomorphometric analysis of testicular tissue were subjected to principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering to evaluate the immunocastration effectiveness in mature boars.ResultsHierarchical clustering differentiated mature immunocastrated boars clustered with young immunocastrated pigs from those clustered with entire males. Although all mature immunocastrated boars responded to vaccination, as evidenced by the increased gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antibody titers (p < 0.001), decreased serum luteinizing hormone concentrations (p = 0.002), and changes in testicular tissue vascularization (lighter and less red testicular parenchyma; p ≤ 0.001), the responses were variable. Sharp decreases in testes index (p < 0.001), Leydig cell volume density (p < 0.001), Leydig cell nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm ratio (p < 0.001), and testosterone concentration (p < 0.001) were observed in mature immunocastrated boars clustered with young immunocastrated pigs compared with those that clustered with entire males. Additionally, mature immunocastrated boars clustered with young immunocastrated pigs showed lower hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 7 expression than entire males (p < 0.05). The young immunocastrated pigs group showed higher follicle‐stimulating hormone receptors than the entire males and mature immunocastrated boars, lower steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression levels compared with entire males, and mature immunocastrated boars clustered with entire males (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe two‐dose vaccination regime resulted in progressive but variable regression of testicular function in adult (post‐pubertal) pigs; however, it was insufficient to induce a complete immunocastration response in all animals.
Exercise training to increase tumour natural killer‐cell infiltration in men with localised prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Djurhuus Sissal Sigmundsdóttir , Simonsen Casper , Toft Birgitte Grønkær , Thomsen Simon Nørskov , Wielsøe Sabrina , Røder Martin Andreas , Hasselager Thomas , Østergren Peter Busch , Jakobsen Henrik , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Hojman Pernille , Brasso Klaus , Christensen Jesper Frank 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the effects of preoperative high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to usual care on tumour natural killer (NK)‐cell infiltration in men with localised prostate cancer (PCa), as NK‐cell infiltration has been proposed as one of the key mechanisms whereby exercise can modulate human tumours.Patients and MethodsA total of 30 patients with localised PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were randomised (2:1) to either preoperative aerobic HIIT four‐times weekly (EX; n = 20) or usual care (CON; n = 10) from time of inclusion until scheduled surgery. Tumour NK‐cell infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry (CD56+) in diagnostic core needle biopsies and corresponding prostatic tissue from the RP. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, blood biochemistry, and health‐related quality of life were also evaluated.ResultsThe change in tumour NK‐cell infiltration did not differ between the EX and CON groups (between‐group difference: −0.09 cells/mm2, 95% confidence interval [CI] –1.85 to 1.66; P = 0.913) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. The total number of exercise sessions varied considerably from four to 30 sessions. The per‐protocol analysis showed a significant increase in tumour NK‐cell infiltration of 1.60 cells/mm2 (95% CI 0.59 to 2.62; P = 0.004) in the EX group. Further, the total number of training sessions was positively correlated with the change in NK‐cell infiltration (r = 0.526, P = 0.021), peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.514, P = 0.035) and peak power output (r = 0.506, P = 0.038).ConclusionPreoperative HIIT did not result in between‐group differences in tumour NK‐cell infiltration. Per‐protocol and exploratory analyses demonstrate an enhanced NK‐cell infiltration in PCa. Future studies are needed to test the capability of exercise to increase tumour immune cell infiltration.
Pentecostal spirituality in the context of faith and hope gospel (prosperity preaching): African Pentecostal response to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: White Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCovid‐19 has challenged humanity in several ways and has created the opportunity for reflection on our spirituality and the hope for divine healing of the world, while scientific communities do their best to find solutions to the pandemic from their perspective. In light of this, the article seeks to address issues of spirituality in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and how the Pentecostal community is responding to this challenge through the preaching of faith and hope messages. The article addresses the issue of “prosperity preaching” from the perspective of the concept of faith and hope gospel. The article argues that the faith and hope messages of the Pentecostals are not only proclaimed as means of the spiritual sustainability of members but also for psychological/emotional stability. It also argues that although Pentecostals are doing their best in their religious and spiritual response to the pandemic, they should accommodate the application of the theology of the sovereignty of God in every situation and encourage their members to seek medical attention where applicable.
Dental trauma simulation training using four splinting models: A cross sectional study
Authors: Zafar Sobia , Peters Christine I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/AimOpportunities for dental students to obtain clinical experience in the management of traumatic dental injuries are scarce, and most dentists encounter difficulties with their first trauma patients after graduation. The aim of this study was to question students on the ease of handling of four types of flexible splints, with two common methods of bonding to the tooth.Material and methodsA total of 161 fourth year dental students completed a simulated treatment of an avulsed tooth using orthodontic wire, Twistflex wire, nylon fishing line, and Powermesh as splints. The bonding materials were composite resin (Spectra ST LV) or glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji LC Ortho). The students then answered 16 questions on a 5‐point Likert scale, or with an open answer field.ResultsMost students agreed (48.8%) or strongly agreed (31.3%) that the simulated trauma exercise assisted their learning. There was strong agreement (68.8%) and agreement (28.7%) that the simulation added value to their dental training compared to didactic training only. Similarly, 52.3% of participants strongly agreed and 40% agreed that they felt engaged in the learning activity. Only 53.8% of the participants agreed and 7.5% strongly agreed that the simulation felt realistic. Most students (56.2%) found a Powermesh/composite splint was the easiest to place, and nylon fishing line/GC Fuji LC Ortho splints was the least difficult to remove (35%).ConclusionWire‐free splints with composite bonding were judged as the easiest to place by students, while glass ionomer cement was the easiest to remove.
“Normal” TEWL‐how can it be defined? A systematic review
Authors: Green Maxwell , Feschuk Aileen M. , Kashetsky Nadia , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), the total non‐eccrine sweat water evaporating from a given area of epidermis over time, is a measurement of skin barrier integrity. Skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) often result in transient increases in TEWL, so, knowledge of “normal” TEWL values may be used to predict disease progression in dermatological settings. Variables such as age, race and anatomic location have been suggested to affect TEWL, but current regulatory agencies have failed to control for additional variables of interest. Thus, this review summarizes variables that may cause TEWL variation. A comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science to find human studies that provided data on variables affecting TEWL. 31 studies, analysing 22 affecting TEWL, were identified. Variables causing increased TEWL were mask‐use (n = 1), dry eye disease (n = 1), chronic venous disease (n = 1), coronary artery disease (n = 1), age (infants vs adults) (n = 4), nourishment in infants (n = 1), stress within individuals (n = 2), Body Mass Index (n = 2), bathing versus showering (n = 2) and scratching/friction (n = 1). Variables with decreases in TEWL were genetic variability with SNPs on chromosome 9q34.3 (n = 1) and cancer‐cachexia (n = 1). We summarized 12 variables that impact TEWL and are not typically controlled for in experimental settings. Therefore, defining normal TEWL may currently be problematic. Thus, regulatory agencies should provide stricter guidelines on proper measurement of TEWL to minimize human introduced TEWL variation, and we should continue to examine factors impacting individual skin integrity.
A novel hybrid robust architecture for automatic screening of glaucoma using fundus photos, built on feature selection and machine learning‐nature driven computing
Authors: Singh Law Kumar , Khanna Munish , Thawkar Shankar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is a leading cause of permanent vision loss. Early detection and treatment of this infection is critical for recovery and slowing the progression of vision loss. An efficient novel system focused on customized particle swarm optimization (CPSO) and four state‐of‐the‐art machine‐learning classifiers is proposed to boost prediction performance. This interconnected architecture detects glaucoma through five main phases: (1) pre‐processing, (2) segmentation, (3) feature extraction, (4) finding the best scored features, and (5) classification using the proposed CPSO‐machine learning dependent classifier. The subject images belong to the publically available benchmark Digital Retinal Images for Optic Nerve Segmentation retinal fundus data set. Rather than focusing on the initial 20 extracted features of the retinal fundus, half of the critical features are chosen to form a feature vector based on scores provided by the univariate method and the feature importance method separately. These features are fed into this system for training, testing, and multiple sets of results are created as a result of multiple combinations of CPSO and supervised machine‐learning classifiers. These result sets are evaluated using six efficiency metrics. According to the simulation results, the best output is recorded when a univariate selected feature vector is fed into the CPSO—K‐nearest neighbour dependent hybrid method. This model outperformed other models with a maximum accuracy of 0.99, a specificity of 0.96, a sensitivity of 0.97, a precision of 0.97, an F1‐score of 0.97, and a Kappa of 0.94. A fivefold cross‐validation method is used to derive the values. This research would help to achieve good levels of glaucoma care since the proposed system is excellent at distinguishing between stable and glaucomatous eyes. For ophthalmologists, this new technique can be used as second opinion for improving diagnostic accuracy for glaucoma.
Roadkill patterns in Latin American birds and mammals
Authors: Medrano‐Vizcaíno Pablo , Grilo Clara , Silva Pinto Fernando Antônio , Carvalho William Douglas , Melinski Ramiro Dário , Schultz Eduardo D. , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimRoads are a major threat for wildlife, degrading habitat and causing mortality via wildlife–vehicle collisions. In Latin America, the conjunction of high biodiversity and a rapidly expanding road network is reason for concern. We introduce an approach that combines species traits and habitat preferences to describe vulnerability and map areas of high roadkill risk. Thus, we present the first assessment of roadkill impacts for Latin American birds and mammals.LocationLatin America.Time period1994–2020.Major taxa studiedBirds and mammals.MethodsWe compiled data from 85 roadkill surveys from Latin America that provided 1,691 roadkill rate estimates for 346 bird and 159 mammalian species, from which 520 rates from 249 birds and 457 rates from 103 mammals were used for analyses. We applied random forest models to predict observed roadkill rates considering species traits, habitat preferences and the geographical coordinates of each study to control for local and regional variation. Fitted models were used to predict spatial risks on Latin American roads for roadkilled birds and mammals across their areas of habitat.ResultsWe found higher roadkill rates for larger birds and medium‐sized mammals with faster reproduction (more clutches/litters per year and early maturity ages), higher population densities and wider use of habitats that included anthropized areas. In mammals, scavengers and those with diets based on invertebrates showed higher rates. Spatial predictions revealed higher rates on roads across Central America, northern Andean regions, eastern Brazil, Uruguay, central and eastern Argentina and southern Chile.Main conclusionsThis first comprehensive assessment for Latin America explores various drivers of roadkill risk for birds and mammals and identifies species and areas where existing roads can impact wildlife. Trait‐based models fine‐tuned with realistic spatial information that accounts for habitat suitability provide a valuable tool for the assessment of human impacts, including roads and traffic.
Local abundance of neotropical orchid bees in Amazon forests not related to large‐scale climate suitability
Authors: Lopes Eric Jó Moura , Vilela Bruno , de Freitas Brito Thaline , do Socorro Araújo de Moura Talyanne , Nemésio André , Maués Márcia Motta , Krug Cristiane , Martins Marlucia Bonifácio , de Paiva Silva Daniel , Dobrovolski Ricardo , de Oliveira Favízia Freitas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the main objectives of ecology is to understand how species abundance varies in space. Throughout the distribution of a species, a population is expected to increase its abundance where environmental conditions are most suitable for survival and reproduction. It is possible to evaluate environmental suitability and species distribution with ecological niche modelling regarding predictors of interest.
Suitability measures derived from ecological niche models have primarily been used as proxies for abundance, mainly for conservation purposes. However, the suitability–abundance pattern is far from general, with several local biotic and abiotic factors and demographic causes that may interfere with this relationship. We evaluated the relationship between suitability and the local abundance of four Eulaema (Apidae: Euglossini) species.
We modelled the ecological niche of the species and evaluated its relationship to local abundance values across the Amazon Forest. Given our results, there was no significant relationship between climate suitability and abundance. We used quantile regression to examine whether climate suitability limited species abundance, which confirmed our result that climate suitability model estimates are not related to the abundance of Eulaema species. Our results suggest that the relationship between climatic suitability and abundance cannot be generalised to the orchid bee species in Amazon Forest, and, probably, the abundance of these species reflects variables on smaller spatial scales.
Impact of systemic health on treatment outcomes in endodontics
Authors: Segura‐Egea Juan J. , Cabanillas‐Balsera Daniel , Martín‐González Jenifer , Cintra Luciano T. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe healing of periapical lesions after root canal treatment (RCT) is not the result of the curative action of the treatment. The process of healing begins with inflammation, and is resolved by the clearance of the immunogen that induces the immune response. Then, the periapical tissue itself carries out the healing of the periapical lesion, by repair or by a combination of repair and regeneration, depending on the host's reparative response working properly. The ultimate objective of RCT is to achieve wound healing by removing the source of bacterial antigens and toxins, allowing chronic inflammatory tissue to become reparative tissue. Some systemic conditions increase the susceptibility of the host to infection or impair the tissue reparative response, maintaining the inflammatory process and periapical bone resorption after RCT. This can cause the failure of RCT and even the need for extraction of the affected tooth.ObjectiveTo analyse the scientific literature on the possible influence of systemic conditions on the treatment outcomes in endodontics, as well as to discuss the biological mechanisms that may be involved.MethodsThe search was carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria established were original scientific articles reporting data about some systemic condition in relation to treatment outcomes in endodontics, including clinical studies and studies carried out in animal models.ResultsSystemic factors (age, nutrition, stress, hormones, smoking habits), and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, HIV infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others, can influence or interfere in the repair of periapical tissues after RCT.DiscussionSome of these systemic diseases can alter bone turnover and fibroblast function, preventing or delaying periapical wound healing. Others can alter the microvasculature, reducing nutrients and oxygen supply to periapical tissues. As a result, these systemic conditions can decrease the success rate of RCT and provoke incomplete wound healing (typically granulomatous tissue formation) in the periapical region.ConclusionsThe results of this narrative review show worse success rate of RCT, with higher percentage of postoperative radiolucent periapical lesions and higher proportion of non‐retained teeth (RFT), associated with several systemic conditions, such as smoking habits and diabetes.
Induction of a cytokine storm involves suppression of the Osteopontin‐dependent TH1 response
Authors: Fnu Gulimirerouzi , Hudock Kristin , Powers‐Fletcher Margaret , Huang Ruo‐Pan , Weber Georg F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCytokine release syndromes represent a severe turn in certain disease states, which may be caused by several infections, including those with the virus SARS‐CoV‐2. This inefficient, even harmful, immune response has been associated with a broad release of chemokines. Although a cellular (type I) immune reaction is efficacious against viral infections, we noted a type I deficit in the cytokine patterns produced by cytokine storms of all reported etiologies. Agents including lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial), anti‐CD3 (antibody) and a version of the prominent SARS‐CoV‐2 viral surface molecule, Spike Glycoprotein, were individually sufficient to induce IL‐6 and multiple chemokines in mice. They failed to upregulate the TH1 inducer cytokine Osteopontin, and the pathophysiologic triggers actually suppressed the PMA‐induced Osteopontin secretion from monocytic cells. Osteopontin administration partially reversed the chemokine elevation, more effectively so in a mouse strain with TH1 bias. Corroboration was obtained from the inverse correlation in the levels of IL‐6 and Osteopontin in plasma samples from acute COVID‐19 patients. We hypothesize that the inhibition of Osteopontin by SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Glycoprotein or LPS represents an immune evasion mechanism employed by the pathogens of origin. The ensuing dysfunctional inflammatory response promotes a vicious cycle of amplification, resulting in a cytokine storm.