bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent RNA Tags for In Situ RNA Imaging in Living Cells
Authors: Yin Peng , Kuang Shi , Nie Zhou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRNA imaging paves the way to investigate RNA function and regulation from the aspect of RNA subcellular localization and expression level. In the past decades, various highly precise and genetic coding fluorescent RNA, which can bind and light up the fluorophore by their specific sequence/structure, has been developed for RNA imaging, including Broccoli, Mango, SRB‐2, RhoBAST, and Pepper et al. In this Review, we summarize the RNA imaging approaches and the progress made in the development of fluorescent RNA. Next, we emphasize the application of fluorescent RNA for in situ RNA imaging in living cells. Of particular note, besides the artificially selected fluorescent RNAs, a new kind of fluorophore that can bind and light up intrinsic RNA structure is described together for the first time. Finally, a summary of current strategies for designing fluorescent RNA and future perspectives are also presented. We hope this expanding topic will inspire the study of the architecture and functions of these fascinating molecular machinery in biological systems.
Long‐term anxiety and depression signatures of participants that received esophageal cancer screening: A multicenter population‐based cohort study
Authors: Zhu Juan , Ma Shanrui , Chen Ru , Xie Shuanghua , Liu Zhaorui , Liu Zhengkui , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence on the psychological impact of screening and diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) is limited and unclear.MethodsThis multicenter, population‐based, prospective study was conducted in five high‐incidence regions in China from 2017 to 2020. The screened participants were diagnosed as healthy, esophagitis, low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), or EC based on pathological biopsy. The psychological impact of the screening was assessed by comparing anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsA total of 1973 individuals were ultimately included, with an average follow‐up of 22.2 months. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in screened population at baseline was 14.3% and 18.4%. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms of screeners at follow‐up declined (all p < 0.001). The anxiety (RR [95% CI]: 0.37 [0.30–0.46]) and depression (0.29 [0.24–0.36]) of screeners weakened over time, but the anxiety and depression symptoms was continuous for patients with HGIN and patients with EC. Compared with the participants classified as normal, the RRs(95% CI) of anxiety and depression symptoms were 2.20 (1.10–4.30) and 2.03 (1.07–3.86) for the patients with HGIN and 2.30 (0.82–6.20) and 3.79 (01.71–8.43) for the patients with EC.ConclusionThe anxiety and depression symptoms of screeners weakened over time, except in patients with HGIN and EC, for whom it remained lasting and high. Psychological assistance and interventions are urgently needed for individuals who are ready for screening and for those diagnosed as having HGIN or EC.
Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenia uniflora L. Silver Nanoparticles and L‐Cysteine Sensor Application
Authors: Lopes Isabela Santos , Cassas Fernando , Veiga Thiago André Moura , de Oliveira Silva Flavia Rodrigues , Courrol Lilia Coronato 
Published: November 2022

AbstractL‐Cysteine (Cys) is a non‐essential sulfur‐containing amino acid, crucial for protein synthesis, detoxification, and several metabolic functions. Cys is widely used in the agricultural, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. So, a suitable sensitive and selective sensing approach is of great interest, and a low‐cost sensor would be necessary. This article presents silver nanoparticles (EuAgNPs) synthesized by a green synthesis method using Eugenia uniflora L. extracts and photoreduction. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV/VIS, transmission electron microscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), FTIR, and Zeta potential. With the addition of Cys in the EuAgNPs solution, the terminal thiol part of L‐cysteine binds on the surface of nanoparticles through Ag−S bond. The EuAgNPs and CysAgNPs coexist until flavonoids bound the amino group of Cys, enhancing the red color of solutions. The EuAgNPs provided selectivity to detect Cys among other amino acids, and its detection limit was found to be 3.8 nM. The sensor has the advantages of low‐cost synthesis, fast response, high selectivity, and sensitivity.
Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome with pneumatosis intestinalis in an exclusively breastfed infant: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hernández‐Almeida Pamela , Vásconez‐Muñoz Fabián , Vásconez‐Montalvo Andrea , Sempértegui‐Moscoso Rodrigo , Contreras Gabriel , Carrión‐Jaramillo Estefanía 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 1‐month‐old male, exclusively breastfed, presented with 24 h of bloody stools, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, and pneumatosis intestinalis. The patient was initially treated for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, after suspecting food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), oral feeding was resumed using an exclusive elemental formula, and the biochemical and radiological findings were resolved.
Metal‐Free Catalytic Hydroboration of Unsaturated Compounds: A Greener Strategy for the Synthesis of Organoboranes
Authors: Das Amrita , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review discusses the immense progress made over recent years in metal‐free catalytic hydroboration. Reactions with several unsaturated functional groups, such as alkynes, alkenes, carbonyl compounds, carbon dioxide, carbodiimides, imines, allenes, pyridines, carboxylic acid derivatives etc., have been explored. Although there are significant developments in hydroboration reactions using metal‐based catalysts, metal‐free catalytic strategies are more desirable from a sustainability perspective. Considerable effort has been made by various research groups on metal‐free catalysts in the hydroboration of unsaturated compounds. Lewis acid, Brønsted acid, Lewis acid‐base pairs, and frustrated Lewis pairs were involved as metal‐free sources to catalyze hydroboration reactions in a sustainable manner. Detailed mechanisms of the catalytic pathways of metal‐free hydroboration are also discussed in this review. This discussion will provide an overview of the extent of work carried out as well as indicate scope for future research.
Facile Synthesis of Clickable Unnatural Sugars in the Unprotected and 1,6‐Di‐O‐Acylated Forms for Metabolic Glycan Labeling
Authors: Cheng Bo , Wang Chunting , Hao Yi , Wang Jiankun , Xia Xiaoqian , Zhang Hao , He Rundong , Zhang Shaoran , Dai Peng , Chen Xing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClickable unnatural sugars have been widely used in studying glycosylation in living systems via the metabolic glycan labelling (MGL) strategy. Partial protection of unnatural sugars by 1,6‐di‐O‐acylation increases the labelling efficiency while avoiding the non‐specific S‐glyco‐modification. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a series of clickable unnatural sugars in both the unprotected and 1,6‐di‐O‐acylated forms at the ten‐gram scale. By evaluation of the labelling specificity, efficiency, and biocompatibility of various 1,6‐di‐O‐acylated sugars for MGL in cell lines and living mice, we demonstrate that 1,6‐di‐O‐propionylated unnatural sugars are optimal chemical reporters for glycan labelling. The synthetic routes developed in this work should facilitate the widespread use of MGL with no artificial S‐glyco‐modification for investigating the functional roles of glycans.
Crystal Plane‐Related Oxygen‐Evolution Activity of Single Hexagonal Co3O4 Spinel Particles
Authors: Varhade Swapnil , Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Saddeler Sascha , Schumacher Simon , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Bendt Georg , Schulz Stephan , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte of hexagonal spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles derived using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is correlated with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of the droplet landing sites. A unique way to deconvolute the intrinsic catalytic activity of individual crystal facets of the hexagonal Co3O4 spinel particle is demonstrated in terms of the turnover frequency (TOF) of surface Co atoms. The top surface exposing 111 crystal planes displayed a thickness‐dependent TOF with a TOF of about 100 s−1 at a potential of 1.8 V vs. RHE and a particle thickness of 100 nm. The edge of the particle exposing (110) planes, however, showed an average TOF of 270±68 s−1 at 1.8 V vs. RHE and no correlation with particle thickness. The higher atomic density of Co atoms on the edge surface (2.5 times of the top) renders the overall catalytic activity of the edge planes significantly higher than that of the top planes. The use of a free‐diffusing Os complex in the alkaline electrolyte revealed the low electrical conductivity through individual particles, which explains the thickness‐dependent TOF of the top planes and could be a reason for the low activity of the top (111) planes.
Inclusion complexes of atorvastatin calcium (ATV‐Ca) and rosuvastatin calcium (ROV‐Ca) drugs with α‐CD, β‐CD, γ‐CD, HP‐β‐CD, M‐β‐CD, and maltodextrin along with their characterizations through experimental and computational methods
Authors: Ahmadi Aliakbar , Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Kassaee Mohamad Z. , Bayat Farhad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this research is a comparison of the efficiency of six commercially available cyclodextrins (CDs) to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATV‐Ca) and rosuvastatin calcium (ROV‐Ca) drugs in aqueous media. Inclusion complexes of both drugs with non‐toxic α‐CD, β‐CD, γ‐CD, HP‐β‐CD, M‐β‐CD, and maltodextrin were prepared in a 1:1 stoichiometry via the kneading method. To reach the best CD, various experimental and computational analyses were performed including phase solubility, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), and molecular docking calculations. The M‐β‐CD turned out to be the best substrate for the micro‐encapsulation of both drugs. Also, ATV showed a higher tendency than ROV to form inclusion complexes with CDs. Molecular docking studies showed that HP–β–CD and M‐β‐CD are the most suitable substrates for the formation of inclusion complexes, respectively. Our research showed that the β‐CD is not necessarily the most efficient substrate for increasing solubility based on previous reports in the literature; meanwhile, the other employed substrates in this study can show acceptable performances in this regard. According to our results, M‐β‐CD is the best substrate for the micro‐encapsulation of both drugs, which increases their solubility in water.
Immunotherapy partners after progression: Right place, right time?
Authors: Rouhani Sherin J. , Bestvina Christine M. 
Published: November 2022

This editorial aims to place the trial of pembrolizumab plus next line chemotherapy by Salous et al. in the context of other clinical trials evaluating different strategies to extend the benefit of immunotherapy after disease progression. Included in this article are the INSIGNA trial, off‐protocol treatment beyond progression, local ablative therapy with radiation, the recently published Lung‐MAP S1800A study, and a summary of other immunotherapy‐based combinations currently under investigation.
Culturing and Neuronal Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Goorha Sarita , Victor A. Kaitlyn , Reiter Lawrence T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA major issue in studying human neurogenetic disorders, especially rare syndromes affecting the nervous system, is the ability to grow neuronal cultures that accurately represent these disorders for analysis. Although there has been some success in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from both skin and blood, there are still limitations to the collection, production and use of iPSC derived neurons. We have had significant success in collecting and growing human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) from exfoliated teeth sent directly to our laboratory by the parents of children with a variety of rare neurogenetic syndromes. This protocol outlines our current methods for the growth and expansion of DPSC from exfoliated (baby) teeth. These DPSC can be differentiated into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and mixed neuron and glial cultures. Here we provide our protocol for the differentiation of early passage DPSC cultures into neurons for molecular and cellular studies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Collection and transportation of exfoliated teethBasic Protocol 2: Dental pulp extractionBasic Protocol 3: Passage, freezing, and thawing of DPSC culturesBasic Protocol 4: Differentiation of DPSC into mixed neuronal cultures
A peptoid interleukin‐15 receptor antagonist suppresses inflammation and arthritis in mice
Authors: Cho Kwang Bog , Shukla Satya Prakash , Kannan Maheshkumar , Zhang Haowen , Amina Sundus Jabeen , Zhou Shuang , Chen Yanping , Molligan Jeremiah F , Taneja Veena , Mohan Chandra , Udugamasooriya D Gomika , Guo Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo discover a novel peptoid antagonist that targets the interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) receptor and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.MethodsA new compound (IFRA3, interleukin‐15 receptor antagonist 3) was discovered using a unique on‐bead two‐colour combinatorial cell screening of a peptoid library. The interaction of IFRA3 with IL‐15 receptor was assessed by in vitro pull‐down and thermal shift assays. The efficacy of IFRA3 in treating inflammation and arthritis was evaluated in mouse models.ResultsIFRA3Q1 (a tetrameric derivative of IFRA3) inhibited the activity of IL‐15 and suppressed CTLL‐2 cell proliferation (which depends on IL‐15 activity). IFRA3Q1 exhibited strong in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity in carrageenan‐induced inflammation in mice. Furthermore, IFRA3Q1 inhibited collagen‐induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice.ConclusionBy binding to and inhibiting the function of IL‐15 receptor, IFRA3Q1 exhibited significant anti‐arthritis activity. Our findings suggest that IFRA3Q1 represents a new paradigm for arthritis therapy by targeting IL‐15 signalling.
Usefulness of third‐generation narrow band imaging and texture and color enhancement imaging in improving visibility of superficial early gastric cancer: A study using color difference
Authors: Kawasaki Azusa , Yoshida Naohiro , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Tsuji Shigetsugu , Takemura Kenichi , Doyama Hisashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesOverlooking early gastric cancer (EGC) during endoscopy is an issue to be resolved. Image‐enhanced endoscopy is expected to improve EGC detection. This study investigated the usefulness of third‐generation narrow band imaging (3G‐NBI) and texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) in improving the visibility of EGC using the color difference between EGC and its surrounding gastric mucosa.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we examined 51 superficial EGCs that underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection and were observed by all three methods: 3G‐NBI, TXI, and white light imaging (WLI). The primary endpoint was to compare the color difference of each method. For each EGC, we prepared one non‐magnifying image for each method so that the location and size of the lesion in each image were the same. The L*a*b* color space was used to evaluate the color values. When the color values of the cancerous lesion and its surrounding mucosa were (L*c, a*c, b*c) and (L*s, a*s, b*s), respectively, the color difference was defined to be [(L*c−L*s)2+(a*c−a*s)2+(b*c−b*s)2]1/2.ResultsThe median color difference was 9.2 (interquartile range, 5.3–15.7) in WLI, 13.5 (interquartile range, 9.4–19.5) in 3G‐NBI, and 15.3 (interquartile range, 9.1–22.1) in TXI. Statistically, the color difference was significantly larger in 3G‐NBI than in WLI (p < 0.001) and TXI compared with WLI (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between 3G‐NBI and TXI (p = 0.330).ConclusionsRegarding color difference, both 3G‐NBI and TXI were estimated to be more useful than WLI in improving the visibility of superficial EGC.
Adaptive versus maladaptive right ventricular remodelling
Authors: Rako Zvonimir A. , Kremer Nils , Yogeswaran Athiththan , Richter Manuel J. , Tello Khodr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) function and its adaptation to increased afterload [RV–pulmonary arterial (PA) coupling] are crucial in various types of pulmonary hypertension, determining symptomatology and outcome. In the course of disease progression and increasing afterload, the right ventricle undergoes adaptive remodelling to maintain right‐sided cardiac output by increasing contractility. Exhaustion of compensatory RV remodelling (RV–PA uncoupling) finally leads to maladaptation and increase of cardiac volumes, resulting in heart failure. The gold‐standard measurement of RV–PA coupling is the ratio of contractility [end‐systolic elastance (Ees)] to afterload [arterial elastance (Ea)] derived from RV pressure–volume loops obtained by conductance catheterization. The optimal Ees/Ea ratio is between 1.5 and 2.0. RV–PA coupling in pulmonary hypertension has considerable reserve; the Ees/Ea threshold at which uncoupling occurs is estimated to be ~0.7. As RV conductance catheterization is invasive, complex, and not widely available, multiple non‐invasive echocardiographic surrogates for Ees/Ea have been investigated. One of the first described and best validated surrogates is the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP), which has shown prognostic relevance in left‐sided heart failure and precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Other RV–PA coupling surrogates have been formed by replacing TAPSE with different echocardiographic measures of RV contractility, such as peak systolic tissue velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus (S′), RV fractional area change, speckle tracking‐based RV free wall longitudinal strain and global longitudinal strain, and three‐dimensional RV ejection fraction. PASP‐independent surrogates have also been studied, including the ratios S′/RV end‐systolic area index, RV area change/RV end‐systolic area, and stroke volume/end‐systolic volume. Limitations of these non‐invasive surrogates include the influence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (which can cause distortion of longitudinal measurements and underestimation of PASP) and the angle dependence of TAPSE and PASP. Detection of early RV remodelling may require isolated analysis of single components of RV shortening along the radial and anteroposterior axes as well as the longitudinal axis. Multiple non‐invasive methods may need to be applied depending on the level of RV dysfunction. This review explains the mechanisms of RV (mal)adaptation to its load, describes the invasive assessment of RV–PA coupling, and provides an overview of studies of non‐invasive surrogate parameters, highlighting recently published works in this field. Further large‐scale prospective studies including gold‐standard validation are needed, as most studies to date had a retrospective, single‐centre design with a small number of participants, and validation against gold‐standard Ees/Ea was rarely performed.
Central haemodynamic abnormalities and outcome in patients with unexplained dyspnoea
Authors: Omote Kazunori , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Sorimachi Hidemi , Omar Massar , Popovic Dejana , Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: November 2022

AimsLittle data are available regarding prognostic implications of invasive exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The present study aimed to investigate whether rest and exercise central haemodynamic abnormalities are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with dyspnea.Methods and resultsPatients with exertional dyspnoea and ejection fraction ≥50% (n = 764) underwent invasive exercise testing and follow‐up for heart failure hospitalization or death. There were 117 patients with events over a median follow‐up of 2.7 (interquartile range 0.5–4.6) years. Among patients with normal resting pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) (<15 mmHg, n = 380 [50%]), increased exercise PAWP (≥25 mmHg) was present in 187 (24% of cohort) and was associated with 2.4‐fold higher risk of events compared to those with normal exercise PAWP (<25 mmHg, n = 193 [25%]) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–5.36; p = 0.03), while patients with elevated resting PAWP (≥15 mmHg, n = 384 [50%]) displayed even higher risk compared to HFpEF with normal resting PAWP (HR 2.24; 95% CI 1.38–3.65; p = 0.001). Similar findings were observed for rest/exercise right atrial pressure, and rest/exercise pulmonary artery pressures. Higher peak oxygen consumption was associated with decreased risk of events, and this relationship was solely explained by exercise cardiac output. In a multivariable‐adjusted Cox model, each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in exercise PAWP was associated with a 41% greater hazard of events (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.13–1.76; p = 0.002), while each 1 SD decrease in exercise cardiac output was associated with a 37% increased risk (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47–0.83; p = 0.001).ConclusionsHaemodynamic abnormalities currently used for diagnosis of HFpEF are associated with increased risk for adverse events. Treatments that reduce central pressures while improving cardiac output reserve may offer greatest benefit to improve outcomes in HFpEF.
Metal Doping and Ligand Engineering as Tools for Tailoring the Electronic Structure of Coordination Polymers and their Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Menendez Rodriguez Gabriel , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic production of fuels [green hydrogen from water, C1‐high energy molecules from CO2, NAD(P)H from NAD(P)+], utilizing renewable energy sources, has in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) its Achilles’ heel. Among the catalysts developed for facilitating OER, those based on coordination polymers (CPs) are attracting considerable interest due to their simplicity of preparation and modularity. In this review, after having recalled the key‐parameters that have to be considered when evaluating and benchmarking electrocatalysts, it is shown how the performance of CP‐based OER catalysts can be rationally improved by a) the suitable selection of the metal ion combination and b) engineering CPs with appropriate organic linkers. It is inferred that the catalytic effect of adding a different metal ion, than that of the CP structure (metal doping), occurs through an indirect alteration of the electronic features of the active metal center, which might be described by considering the energy of the d‐band with respect to that of the Fermi level (Ed), the eg occupancy or the metal ionic electronegativity (MIE). In rare cases, it is assumed that the added metal center can directly and synergistically participate at the catalytic process. The much less explored strategy b) to improve the performance of OER electrocatalysts, by properly engineering organic linkers, is related not only to an alteration of the electron density (acidity) of the metal center but also to a modification of the electron localization and conductivity of CPs.