bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caddeddi, Sicily
Authors: Wilson R. J. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Caddeddi is a Roman villa near Noto in Sicily built in the second half of the fourth century
ce
. Overlooking the Tellaro River, the villa is imperfectly known, partly because of the collapse of the
piano nobile
on the north and east, and partly because a modern farm lies on top. Its most significant surviving features are four mosaics, one geometric and three figured. The latter show respectively the ransom of Hector; Bacchus and the fruits of the field; and a hunt scene (soldiers capturing beasts for the arena). As at Piazza Armerina these are likely to have been laid by mosaicists operating from Carthage.
Biomedical Applications of MXene‐Integrated Composites: Regenerative Medicine, Infection Therapy, Cancer Treatment, and Biosensing
Authors: Maleki Aziz , Ghomi Matineh , Nikfarjam Nasser , Akbari Mahsa , Sharifi Esmaeel , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Kermanian Mehraneh , Seyedhamzeh Mohammed , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Mehrali Mehdi , Moradi Omid , Sefat Farshid , Mattoli Virgilio , Makvandi Pooyan , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMXenes (viz., transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides) have emerged as a new subclass of 2D materials. Due to their outstanding physicochemical and biological properties, MXenes have gained much attention in the biomedical field in recent years, including drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and biosensing. Additionally, the incorporation of MXenes into hydrogels has garnered significant interest in biomedical engineering as an electroactive and mechanical nanoreinforcer capable of converting nonconductive scaffolds into excellent conductors of electricity with an impressive effect on mechanical properties for the engineering of electroactive organs and tissues such as cardiac, skeletal muscle, and nerve. However, many questions and problems remain unresolved that need to be answered to usher these 2D materials toward their true destiny. Thus, this review paper aims to provide an overview of the design and applications of MXene‐integrated composites for biomedical applications, including cardiac tissue engineering, wound healing, infection therapy, cancer therapy, and biosensors. Moreover, the current challenges and limitations of utilizing MXenes in vivo are highlighted and discussed, followed by its prospects as a guideline toward possible various futuristic biomedical applications. This review article will inspire researchers, who search for properties, opportunities, and challenges of using this 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications.
Molecular Doping Enabling Mobility Boosting of 2D Sn2+‐Based Perovskites
Authors: Reo Youjin , Zhu Huihui , Liu Ao , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2D metal halide perovskites are attracting great interest for their diverse applications owing to their intrinsic superior stability compared to their 3D counterparts; however, their device performance is limited by insufficient charge transport because of the insulating bulky organic ligands. Electrical doping is a direct and efficient method for improving the electrical properties of emerging semiconductors; however, its feasibility and mechanism remain elusive in metal halide perovskites. To clarify this issue, in this study, diverse organic/inorganic molecules are deposited on a typical phenylethyl ammonium tin iodide ((PEA)2SnI4) perovskite by constructing a heterojunction. In addition, the variations in the electrical performance of the perovskite semiconductor are monitored. The low work function of the dopant molecules enables the spontaneous electron transfer from the perovskite, resulting in the p‐doping effect on the perovskite host, which is verified by a series of characterization methods. The efficient charge transfer without deterioration of the perovskite microstructure improves the Hall mobility up to 100 cm2 V−1 s−1. Therefore, this work demonstrates the high doping efficiency of halide perovskites using a simple molecular charge transfer approach and provides a new opportunity for employing 2D perovskites in high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices.
Switchable Nonlinear Optical Absorption of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liang Yuning , Hu Wenjie , Yuan Xue , Zeng Zaiping , Zhu Baohua , Gu Yuzong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely explored owing to their excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. However, researchers have mainly focused on designing new structures of MOF crystals to adjust the NLO response while ignoring the influence of the number of metal–ligand coordination bonds on the NLO properties of MOFs. In this study, the influence of the coordination numbers of MOFs on their NLO properties is studied for the first time. Herein, MOFs with different coordination numbers, using trifluoroacetic acid as an auxiliary agent, are synthesized and their NLO properties are tested using the Z‐scan technique. The results reveal that the NLO absorption properties of MOFs with high coordination numbers can be effectively modulated from saturable absorption to reverse saturable absorption by increasing the excitation intensity. First‐principles calculations show that a change in the coordination numbers leads to a change in the charge transfer from metal to ligand, thereby resulting in different NLO responses. The MOFs with a high coordination number have potential applications in novel optical switches or logic gates. These results provide a reference for the precise adjustment of the NLO properties of MOFs.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Annulation for Modular Assembly of N‐Alkoxylated Isoindolin‐1‐Ones with Quaternary Carbon Center
Authors: Hu Wenbo , Yan Liqin , Zuo Youpeng , Kong Shuwen , Pu Yue , Tang Qiang , Wang Xinyu , He Xinwei , Shang Yongjia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA cascade C−H activation, annulation, and etherification of N‐hydroxybenzamides with propargylamines provides a flexible route to N‐alkoxylated 3‐arylisoindolin‐1‐ones. Three new bonds (C−C, C−N, and C−O) are generated to afford a series of isoindolin‐1‐ones bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon in 49–82% yield. The utility of this method was showcased by gram‐scale synthesis and synthetic transformations of the product to access structurally diverse isoindolinones.magnified image
Remediating Desmoplasia with EGFR‐Targeted Photoactivable Multi‐Inhibitor Liposomes Doubles Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Obaid Girgis , Bano Shazia , Thomsen Hanna , Callaghan Susan , Shah Nimit , Swain Joseph W. R. , Jin Wendong , Ding Xiadong , Cameron Colin G. , McFarland Sherri A. , Wu Juwell , Vangel Mark , Stoilova‐McPhie Svetla , Zhao Jie , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Lin Charles , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesmoplasia is characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which exhibits 5‐year survival rates of 3%. Desmoplasia presents physical and biochemical barriers that contribute to treatment resistance, yet depleting the stroma alone is unsuccessful and even detrimental to patient outcomes. This study is the first demonstration of targeted photoactivable multi‐inhibitor liposomes (TPMILs) that induce both photodynamic and chemotherapeutic tumor insult, while simultaneously remediating desmoplasia in orthotopic PDAC. TPMILs targeted with cetuximab (anti‐EGFR mAb) contain lipidated benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD‐PC) photosensitizer and irinotecan. The desmoplastic tumors comprise human PDAC cells and patient‐derived cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Upon photoactivation, the TPMILs induce 90% tumor growth inhibition at only 8.1% of the patient equivalent dose of nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal‐IRI). Without EGFR targeting, PMIL photoactivation is ineffective. TPMIL photoactivation is also sixfold more effective at inhibiting tumor growth than a cocktail of Visudyne‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nal‐IRI, and also doubles survival and extends progression‐free survival by greater than fivefold. Second harmonic generation imaging reveals that TPMIL photoactivation reduces collagen density by >90% and increases collagen nonalignment by >103‐fold. Collagen nonalignment correlates with a reduction in tumor burden and survival. This single‐construct phototoxic, chemotherapeutic, and desmoplasia‐remediating regimen offers unprecedented opportunities to substantially extend survival in patients with otherwise dismal prognoses.
Programmable Auxeticity in Hydrogel Metamaterials via Shape‐Morphing Unit Cells
Authors: Skarsetz Oliver , Slesarenko Viacheslav , Walther Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMechanical metamaterials recruit unique mechanical behavior that is unavailable in bulk materials from a periodic unit cell structure with a specific geometry. However, such metamaterials can typically not be reconfigured once manufactured. Herein, the authors introduce shape morphing of a hydrogel metamaterial via spatio‐selective integration of responsive actuating elements to reconfigure the mesoscale unit cell geometry to reach programmable auxeticity on the macroscale. Via thermal control, the unit cell angle of a honeycomb structure can be precisely programmed from 68° to 107°. This results in negative, zero, or positive Poisson's ratio under applied tensile strain. The geometrical reconfiguration with resulting programmable auxeticity is predicted and verified by finite element (FE) simulation. This concept of shape‐morphing hydrogel metamaterials via the addition of actuating struts into otherwise passive architectures offers a new strategy for reconfigurable metamaterials and extends applications of hydrogels in general. It can be readily extended to other architectures and may find applications in mechanical computing as well as soft robotics.
In Situ Nanoscale Dynamics Imaging in a Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Gorobtsov Oleg , Song Yumeng , Fritz Kevin , Weinstock Daniel , Sun Yifei , Sheyfer Dina , Cha Wonsuk , Suntivich Jin , Singer Andrej 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers operating below 600 °C, ideally below 400 °C, are essential components in the clean energy transition. Yttrium‐doped barium zirconate BaZr0.8Y0.2O3‐d (BZY) has attracted a lot of attention as a proton‐conducting solid oxide for electrochemical devices due to its high chemical stability and proton conductivity in the desired temperature range. Grain interfaces and topological defects modulate bulk proton conductivity and hydration, especially at low temperatures. Therefore, understanding the nanoscale crystal structure dynamics in situ is crucial to achieving high proton transport, material stability, and extending the operating range of proton‐conducting solid oxides. Here, Bragg coherent X‐ray diffractive imaging is applied to investigate in situ and in 3D nanoscale dynamics in BZY during hydration over 40 h at 200 °C, in the low‐temperature range. An unexpected activity of topological defects and subsequent cracking is found on a nanoscale covered by the macroscale stability. The rearrangements in structure correlate with emergent regions of different lattice constants, suggesting heterogeneous hydration. The results highlight the extent and impact of nanoscale processes in proton‐conducting solid oxides, informing future development of low‐temperature protonic ceramic electrochemical cells.
Versatile Asymmetric Separator with Dendrite‐Free Alloy Anode Enables High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Yan Wenqi , Yang Jin‐Lin , Xiong Xiaosong , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Wang Zhaogen , Zhu Yusong , Zhao Jian‐Wei , Wang Tao , Wu Yuping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with extremely‐high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) are deemed to be the most likely energy storage system to be commercialized. However, the polysulfides shuttling and lithium (Li) metal anode failure in LSBs limit its further commercialization. Herein, a versatile asymmetric separator and a Li‐rich lithium–magnesium (Li–Mg) alloy anode are applied in LSBs. The asymmetric separator is consisted of lithiated‐sulfonated porous organic polymer (SPOP‐Li) and Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LLZNO) layers toward the cathode and anode, respectively. SPOP‐Li serves as a polysulfides barrier and Li‐ion conductor, while the LLZNO functions as an “ion redistributor”. Combining with a stable Li–Mg alloy anode, the symmetric cell achieves 5300 h of Li stripping/plating and the modified LSBs exhibit a long lifespan with an ultralow fading rate of 0.03% per cycle for over 1000 cycles at 5 C. Impressively, even under a high‐sulfur‐loading (6.1 mg cm−2), an area capacity of 4.34 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles can still be maintained, demonstrating high potential for practical application.
Electrochemical Oxygen Generator With 99.9% Oxygen Purity and High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xie Ke , Zhou Fangyao , Wang Feiteng , Xu Qian , Hu Jun , Ding Honghe , Li Peng , Tan Yi , Li Deming , Zhu Junfa , Zhou Huang , Zhao Changming , Lin Sen , Wu Yuen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnder the growing crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the global medical system is facing the predicament of an acute shortage of medical‐grade oxygen (O2, ≥ 99.5% purity). Herein, an oxygen generation device is manufactured that relies on electrochemical technology. The performance of the electrochemical oxygen generator (EOG) is remarkably improved to a practically applicable level, achieving long‐term (>200 h), stable, and quick production (>1.5 L min−1) of high purity O2 (99.9%) at high energy efficiency (496 L kW−1 h−1), via simultaneous optimization for intrinsic electrochemical reaction mechanisms, electrocatalysts, and external cell structure. The EOG also presents powerful competitiveness in user experience, which finds expression in high portability (4.7 kg), nearly instant O2 production (<1 s), and a quiet working condition (<39 dB). The EOG shows great potential to substitute commercial pressure swing adsorption O2 generation devices, which may significantly impact the traditional oxygen production industry.
Hairy fleabane germination in response to temperature, osmotic potential, pH, salinity levels, and seed dormancy periods
Authors: Shrestha Anil , Maier Vivian , Steinhauer Katrina , Frynzyan Takui , Navarro Idalia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis L. Cronq.) is an invasive weed in low‐disturbance annual, perennial, and noncrop systems in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), California. It is often observed emerging year‐round in diverse environmental conditions in the SJV. However, very little information is available on the reasons for this. The study aimed to assess the effect of temperature, water potential, salinity, pH level, and dormancy periods on hairy fleabane's germination. Tests were conducted at different day/night temperatures (5:0, 10:5, 15:10, 20:15, 25:20, and 30:25 °C), water potential (0 to –5.56 MPa), salinity (0–25 dS m–1), and pH (5–9). Germination tests were also performed on seeds the day they were collected from mature plants, and 7, 14, and 21 d later. Tests were conducted in growth chambers set to 20 °C or under ambient laboratory conditions at 22 °C. About 1% of the seeds germinated at 5 °C but maximum germination occurred at 25:20 °C. About 9% of the seeds germinated at –0.51 MPa and the estimated value for 50% germination reduction was –0.2 MPa. Seed germination had high tolerance to salinity, as 42% of the seeds germinated at 15 dS m–1. Germination did not differ across pH levels. About 50% of the seeds germinated the day they were collected, indicating that this species had a very short seed dormancy requirement. These findings could explain why hairy fleabane is observed emerging year‐round in the SJV, particularly in irrigated cropping systems.
Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early‐life neglect model of rats
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Xiuping , Dou Changsong , Li Xianglei , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectEarly‐life neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system. In this work, we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of model rats.MethodsMaternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early‐life neglect. The excitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in rat mPFC was recorded and analyzed by whole‐cell patch clamp.ResultsGlutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of mPFC were distinguished by typical electrophysiological properties. The excitation of mPFC glutamatergic neurons was significantly increased in male groups, while the excitation of mPFC GABAergic neurons was significant in both female and male groups, but mainly in terms of rest membrane potential and amplitude, respectively.ConclusionsGlutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in medial prefrontal cortex showed different excitability changes in a rat model of early‐life neglect, which can contribute to distinct mechanisms for emotional and cognitive manifestations.
Lumineszenz‐ und Längenkontrolle in nicht‐chelatisierten d8‐metallosupramolekularen Polymeren vermittelt durch Metall‐Metall‐Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Matern Jonas , Maisuls Iván , Strassert Cristian A. , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupramolekulare Polymere (SPs) von d8‐Übergangsmetallkomplexen haben aufgrund ihrer vielseitigen photophysikalischen Eigenschaften, die sich u. a. aus Metall‐Metall‐Wechselwirkungen ergeben, an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bislang ist das molekulare Design jedoch auf Komplexe mit chelatisierenden Liganden beschränkt, aufgrund ihrer vorteilhaften Präorganisation und starken Ligandenfeldaufspaltungen. In diesem Manuskript berichten wir über einzigartige Metall‐Metall‐Wechselwirkungen und eine bemerkenswerte3MMLCT‐Lumineszenz in SPs eines nicht chelatisierten PtII‐Komplexes, welche durch den Aggregationspfad kontrolliert werden können. Unter kinetischer Kontrolle induzieren selbstkomplementäre Bisamid‐H‐Bindungsmotive eine schnelle Selbstorganisation zu nicht‐emissiven H‐Aggregaten (1A). Unter thermodynamischen Bedingungen hingegen führt eine effizientere Liganden‐Koplanarisierung zu stärker stabilisierten SP1Bmit ausgedehnten Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt‐Wechselwirkungen und bemerkenswert langer3MMLCT‐Lumineszenz (τ77 K=0.26 ms). Die Metall‐Metall‐Wechselwirkungen konnten anschließend genutzt werden, um die Länge der emittierenden SPs durch Keim‐vermitteltes SP‐Wachstum zu kontrollieren.
Luminescence and Length Control in Nonchelated d8‐Metallosupramolecular Polymers through Metal‐Metal Interactions
Authors: Matern Jonas , Maisuls Iván , Strassert Cristian A. , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSupramolecular polymers (SPs) of d8transition metal complexes have received considerable attention by virtue of their rich photophysical properties arising from metal‐metal interactions. However, thus far, the molecular design is restricted to complexes with chelating ligands due to their advantageous preorganization and strong ligand fields. Herein, we demonstrate unique pathway‐controllable metal‐metal‐interactions and remarkable3MMLCT luminescence in SPs of a non‐chelated PtIIcomplex. Under kinetic control, self‐complementary bisamide H‐bonding motifs induce a rapid self‐assembly into non‐emissive H‐type aggregates (1A). However, under thermodynamic conditions, a more efficient ligand coplanarization leads to superiorly stabilized SP1Bwith extended Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions and remarkably long3MMLCT luminescence (τ77 K=0.26 ms). The metal‐metal interactions could be subsequently exploited to control the length of the emissive SPs using the seeded‐growth approach.
A novel bioderived AB2‐type monomer from castor oil derivative for the preparation of fully biobased hyperbranched polyesters
Authors: Shan Pengjia , Lu Hengyu , Chen Ning , Liu Hongzhi , Zhang Xianhui , Liu Xiaohuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesigning biobased hyperbranched polyesters from vegetable oil has been attracting considerable interests from academic industrial communities. Herein, a novel fully biobased hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) was prepared by self‐condensation of AB2‐type bioderived monomer based on methyl ricinoleate (MR), a castor oil‐derived renewable chemical. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the AB2‐type monomer in a high conversion ratio (up to 87%). The self‐condensation of AB2‐type monomers was carried out in the presence of two kinds of transesterification catalysts (Ti(OBu)4 versus Zn(Ac)2), among which Ti(OBu)4 was found to be more efficient one and yield higher molecular weights in the range of 5800~11,500 g/mol. The resulting HBPEs were characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The degree of branching was calculated to be 0.33~0.39. Thermal analysis revealed that the as‐prepared HBPEs were amorphous with tunable glass transition temperatures ranging from −44.8 to −24.6°C. All the prepared HBPEs exhibited good thermal stability with the maximum onset decomposition temperature (Tonset) up to 294.6°C. These structural features and properties of resulting biobased HBPEs enabled them to act as a potential ‘greener’ additive for polymers.
Characterization and expression profiling of serine protease inhibitors in the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Li Guang‐Ya , Yang Lin , Xiao Kai‐Ran , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhu Jia‐Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSerine protease inhibitors (SPIs) act in diverse biological processes in insects such as immunity, development, and digestion by preventing the unwanted proteolysis. So far, the repertoire of genes encoding SPIs has been identified from few insect species. In this study, 62 SPI genes were identified from the genome of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. According to their modes of action, they were classified into three families, serpin (26), canonical SPI (31), and α‐macroglobulins (A2M) (5). These SPIs feature eight domains including serpin, Kazal, TIL, Kunitz, WAP, Antistasin, pacifastin, and A2M. In total, 39 SPIs contain a single SPI domain, while the others encode at least two inhibitor units. Based on the amino acids in the cleaved reactive sites, the abilities of these SPIs to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase‐like enzymes are predicted. The expression profiling based on the RNA‐seq data showed that these genes displayed stage‐specific expression patterns during development, suggesting to us their significance in development. Some of the SPI genes were exclusively expressed in particular tissues such as hemocyte, fat body, gut, ovary, and testis, which may be involved in biological processes specific to the indicated tissues. These findings provide necessary information for further investigation of insect SPIs.