bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision Zero in the United Nations
Authors: Khayesi Meleckidzedeck 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the development and use of Vision Zero policy and its related strategy, safe system approach, in the road safety programs of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. The chapter shows that progressively, Vision Zero moved from being cited in documents as an example of a transformative policy to being promoted as a way of thinking about or approaching road safety for countries to adopt. In addition, it has been used as a principle in the Road safety strategy for the United Nations System and its personnel. This strategy embraces the ethical imperative that “no road users, including pedestrians, should be killed or seriously injured in road crashes involving United Nations vehicles.” It commits United Nations organizations to Vision Zero. It calls for a shift from a traditional road safety approach to a safe system approach.
Road Safety Analysis
Authors: Rizzi Matteo , Strandroth Johan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRoad safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what needs to be changed in order to be successful to reduce severe road trauma going forward and ultimately what’s needed to achieve zero. This chapter covers some of the tools used to retrospectively evaluate real-life benefits of road safety measures and methods used to predict the combined effects of interventions in a road safety action plan as well as to estimate if they are sufficient to achieve targets near-term and long-term. Included are also a brief overview of methods to develop boundary conditions on what constitutes a Safe System for different road users. Further to that, the chapter lists some arguments for the need of high-quality mass and in-depth data to ensure confidence in the results and conclusions from road safety analysis. Finally, a few key messages are summarized.
Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Fildes Brian N. , Lawrence Brendan , Thompson Luke , Oxley Jennie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
Local Dimensions of Sustainable Energy Governance: Case Study
Authors: Thiaw Abdoulaye , Badiane Sidia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInnovative scientific approaches and digital tools can support the planning of a sustainable energy transition that complies with the political, economic, social and cultural dimensions of sustainability in local communities. This chapter discusses the leading role of localized energy governance through case studies of projects implemented in Senegal communities. It aims to document the diversity of approaches and tools that are locally available to define and achieve sustainability objectives in the energy sector and thereby contributes to the more inclusive goal of achieving sustainable development. Our ambition is to compare cases with a range of practices that can support municipalities in developing a tailor-made sustainable energy agenda.
Local Action for Energy Sustainability: A Review of Policies’ Impact
Authors: Mbodji C. A. , Sumereder C. , Diouf D. , Maiga A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnergy sustainability in practice demonstrates the need to scale down the focus from the national to the local level. The literature proposes different models and policies for implementing sustainable energy solutions in communities. In this chapter, the authors review the policy competencies of local governments and propose a new model for transition to energy sustainability in communities, learning from different initiatives. The study confronts this model with lessons learned in transitioning to energy sustainability in four sub-Saharan African countries: Ghana, Nigeria, Mozambique and Senegal. The main findings are countries made significant efforts to improve energy access in rural communities with renewable energy systems and to improve the efficiency of energy use in urban communities. However, prerequisites such as investment in the network infrastructure and in planning tools, especially at the scale of municipalities, continue to impede progress in access and transition to energy sustainability.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Potential in Cities: Case Studies of Solar Photovoltaic, Waste-to-Energy and Wind Energy
Authors: Fall A. , Haas R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTheoretically, all places on earth are endowed with renewable energy resources. However, the requirements for co-existence with existing energy and non-energy infrastructure limit the technical realization of these resources. Scientific publications on the renewable energy potential of cities mainly rely on geographic information system (GIS) data such as solar and wind maps. However, planning systems that realize the potential of renewable energy resources need additional tools beyond GIS. In this study, we consider two additional dimensions in the assessment of cities’ renewable energy potential: competing space and competing resources. The findings show the impact of city land-use density, infrastructure and capital cost on the achievement of a transition to the energy sustainability objective with locally available renewable energy resources.
Action prediction modulates self–other integration in joint action
Authors: van der Weiden Anouk , Porcu Emanuele , Liepelt Roman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople often coordinate actions with others, requiring an adjustable amount of self–other integration between actor’s and co-actor’s actions. Previous research suggests that such self–other integration (indexed by the joint Simon effect) is enhanced by agent similarity of the co-actor (e.g., high in intentionality). In this study, we aimed to extend this line of research by testing whether experiencing agency over a co-actor’s actions (vicarious agency) and/or action prediction strengthens the joint Simon effect. For this purpose, we manipulated experienced agency by varying the experienced control over a co-actor’s actions (Experiment 1), and action prediction regarding the co-actor’s actions (Experiment 2). Vicarious agency could effectively be induced, but did not modulate the size of the joint Simon effect. The joint Simon effect was decreased when the co-actor’s actions were unpredictable (vs. predictable) during joint task performance. These findings suggest social agency can be induced and effectively measured in joint action. Action prediction can act as an effective agency cue modulating the amount of self–other integration in joint action.
A not sign-preserving iteration algorithm for the ‘Improved Normalized Squared Differences’ matrix adjustment model
Authors: Revesz Tamas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstimating the elements of a matrix, when only the margins (row and column sums) are known, but a supposedly similar ‘reference matrix’ is available, is a standard problem in many disciplines. After discussing the main types, issues and applications of these two-directional matrix adjustment problems the paper concentrates on the case of negative matrix elements and models with quadratic objective functions. The solution of the Improved Normalized Squared Differences (INSD) model is proved to be the same as the result of that iteration algorithm which is presented in the paper. It is also argued that if the sign-preservation requirement is dropped then the iteration procedure suggested by Huang et al. (Econ Syst Res 20(1):111–123, 2008) boils down to the same algorithm. Using the numerical example of the earlier literature it is also demonstrated that even in this not sign-preserving case, which even requires sign-flips for some elements, the INSD-model produces good fit in mathematical terms.
What Motivates Entrepreneurs into Circular Economy Action? Evidence from Japan and Finland
Authors: Rovanto Savu , Finne Max 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated entrepreneurs’ motivations to implement circular economy (CE) practices and the ways in which their approaches to CE practices differed by their sociocultural context. The research aimed to contrast the contemporary instrumental perspective on CE through an ecologically dominant logic. The empirical analysis focused on Finland and Japan, two countries with distinct sociocultural contexts but similar regulatory environments regarding the CE. The study analysed entrepreneurs’ motivations towards the CE through self-determination theory that makes a distinction between different levels of internalization in motivations. The Finnish entrepreneurs were characterised by more frequent intertwined intrinsic/transcendent motivations and a vocal approach to CE. The Japanese entrepreneurs’ motivations were more varied; some were intrinsically interested in the CE, while some were even unaware of the CE concept despite operating CE businesses. The Japanese entrepreneurs resorted to masking their CE businesses to better relate with the surrounding linear system. The study shows how the individualistic Finnish culture fostered progress on the CE, while the collectivistic Japanese culture emphasised the need for relatedness and caused stagnation in the CE in its society.
Living in the Flesh: Technologically Mediated Chiasmic Relationships (in Times of a Pandemic)
Authors: de Boer Bas , Verbeek Peter-Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the Corona pandemic, it became clear that people are vulnerable to potentially harmful nonhuman agents, as well as that our own biological existence potentially poses a threat to others, and vice versa. This suggests a certain reciprocity in our relations with both humans and nonhumans. In his The Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty introduces the notion of the flesh to capture this reciprocity. Building on this idea, he proposes to understand our relationships with other humans, as well as those with nonhuman beings as having a chiasmic structure: to sense, or perceive another entity in a particular way simultaneously implies to be sensed or perceived in a particular way by this other entity. In this paper, we show how a postphenomenological perspective expands on Merleau-Ponty: first, it more radically interprets Merleau-Ponty’s notion of flesh by not only considering it to be a medium that is the condition of possibility for vision but as pointing to the constitution of an intercorporeal field in which entities—both human and nonhuman—mutually sense one another. Second, it augments Merleau-Ponty’s thought by drawing attention to how technologies mediate chiasmic relations. This is clarified through the example of the facemask, which (1) reveals the chiasmic structure of our relation with nonhuman entities, and (2) shows that technologies co-constitute interpersonal relationships by making humans present to one another in a particular way. We suggest that these aspects are not unique to the facemask, but point to a general technologically mediated chiasmic structure of human-world relations.
Personality Cult or a Mere Matter of Popularity?
Authors: Sundahl Anne-Mette Holmgård 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a theoretical model for distinguishing between mere popularity and personality cults as there currently is an inflated use of the personality cult concept, especially in news media, attaching it to significantly different phenomena. The model is based on Weber’s concept of charismatic authority and consists of three parameters, widespread symbolic elevation, resilience and religious parallels, covering a representational and social practice dimension. Both dimensions are needed to constitute a personality cult. Trump, Putin and Ardern are used as examples of the model’s ability to distinguish between cult and non-cult phenomena. The comparison shows that only Trump and Putin have a cult on both dimensions. Mere popular politicians like Ardern are more comparable to celebrities as these do not have the same authority and power over the followers as leaders with a personality cult – despite potentially showing some cultlike tendencies on the representational dimension. Popular politicians are thus especially characterised by lacking the key social practice aspect of personality cults. As they might still exhibit some cultlike characteristics, the different phenomena are best perceived as being on a continuum ranging from mere admiration or popularity to a personality cult.
LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) differentiates malignant chordomas from less malignant chondrosarcomas
Authors: Vanderheijden Cas , Vaessen Thomas , Yakkioui Youssef , Riedl Robert , Temel Yasin , Hovinga Koos , Hoogland Govert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chordomas are malignant tumors that develop along the neuraxis between skull-base and sacrum. Chondrosarcomas show similarities with chordomas, yet show less malignant behavior. LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) is a cytoskeletal protein known to promote the malignant behavior of tumors. LASP1 was previously identified as a possibly overexpressed protein in a chordoma proteomics experiment. In this study we compare LASP1 expression in chordoma and chondrosarcoma tissue.

Methods
Biopsies of primary tumors were collected from surgically treated chordoma (n = 6) and chondrosarcoma (n = 6) patients, flash-frozen upon collection and collectively analyzed for LASP1 RNA (real-time PCR) and protein expression (western blotting). Additionally, tissue micro array (TMA)-based immunohistochemistry was applied to an archive of 31 chordoma and 1 chondrosarcoma specimen.

Results
In chordoma samples, LASP1 mRNA was detected in 4/6 cases and a strong 36 kDa immunoreactive protein band was observed in 4/5 cases. In contrast, 0/6 chondrosarcoma samples showed detectable levels of LASP1 mRNA and only a weak 36 kDa band was observed in 4/5 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed LASP1 expression in all chordoma samples, whereas chondrosarcoma specimen did not show immunoreactivity.

Conclusion
LASP1 is strongly expressed in the majority of chordoma cases and shows low expression in chondrosarcoma tissue. Since LASP1 is known to function as oncogene and regulate cell proliferation in other tumor types, this study implicates a role for LASP1 in chordoma biology. Further studies are warranted to improve understanding of LASP1’s expression and functioning within chordoma, both in vitro and in vivo.
Efficient exact k-flexible aggregate nearest neighbor search in road networks using the M-tree
Authors: Chung Moonyoung , Hyun Soon J. , Loh Woong-Kee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study proposes an efficient exact k-flexible aggregate nearest neighbor (k-FANN) search algorithm in road networks using the M-tree. The state-of-the-art IER-kNN algorithm used the R-tree and pruned off unnecessary nodes based on the Euclidean coordinates of objects in road networks. However, IER-kNN made many unnecessary accesses to index nodes since the Euclidean distances between objects are significantly different from the actual shortest-path distances between them. In contrast, our algorithm proposed in this study can greatly reduce unnecessary accesses to index nodes compared with IER-kNN since the M-tree is constructed based on the actual shortest-path distances between objects. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first exact FANN algorithm that uses the M-tree. We prove that our algorithm does not cause any false drop. In conducting a series of experiments using various real road network datasets, our algorithm consistently outperformed IER-kNN by up to 6.92 times.
Credal accuracy and knowledge
Authors: Siscoe Robert Weston 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraditional epistemologists assumed that the most important doxastic norms were rational requirements on belief. This orthodoxy has recently been challenged by the work of revolutionary epistemologists on the rational requirements on credences. Revolutionary epistemology takes it that such contemporary work is important precisely because traditional epistemologists are mistaken—credal norms are more fundamental than, and determinative of, belief norms. To make sense of their innovative project, many revolutionary epistemologists have also adopted another commitment, that norms on credences are governed by a fundamental accuracy norm. Unfortunately for the revolutionary epistemologist, it has been difficult to define a measure of accuracy while maintaining that credal norms are more basic than belief norms. In this paper, I criticize one such proposal for measuring accuracy, that the accuracy of our credences should be assessed in terms of what we know, arguing that this picture ultimately cannot vindicate the revolutionary approach.
Towards investigating the validity of measurement of self-regulated learning based on trace data
Authors: Fan Yizhou , van der Graaf Joep , Lim Lyn , Raković Mladen , Singh Shaveen , Kilgour Jonathan , Moore Johanna , Molenaar Inge , Bannert Maria , Gašević Dragan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContemporary research that looks at self-regulated learning (SRL) as processes of learning events derived from trace data has attracted increasing interest over the past decade. However, limited research has been conducted that looks into the validity of trace-based measurement protocols. In order to fill this gap in the literature, we propose a novel validation approach that combines theory-driven and data-driven perspectives to increase the validity of interpretations of SRL processes extracted from trace-data. The main contribution of this approach consists of three alignments between trace data and think aloud data to improve measurement validity. In addition, we define the match rate between SRL processes extracted from trace data and think aloud as a quantitative indicator together with other three indicators (sensitivity, specificity and trace coverage), to evaluate the “degree” of validity. We tested this validation approach in a laboratory study that involved 44 learners who learned individually about the topic of artificial intelligence in education with the use of a technology-enhanced learning environment for 45 minutes. Following this new validation approach, we achieved an improved match rate between SRL processes extracted from trace-data and think aloud data (training set: 54.24%; testing set: 55.09%) compared to the match rate before applying the validation approach (training set: 38.97%; test set: 34.54%). By considering think aloud data as “reference point”, this improvement of the match rate quantified the extent to which validity can be improved by using our validation approach. In conclusion, the novel validation approach presented in this study used both empirical evidence from think aloud data and rationale from our theoretical framework of SRL, which now, allows testing and improvement of the validity of trace-based SRL measurements.
Augmented reality navigation for minimally invasive craniosynostosis surgery: a phantom study
Authors: Thabit Abdullah , Benmahdjoub Mohamed , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Niessen Wiro J. , Wolvius Eppo B. , van Walsum Theo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In minimally invasive spring-assisted craniectomy, surgeons plan the surgery by manually locating the cranial sutures. However, this approach is prone to error. Augmented reality (AR) could be used to visualize the cranial sutures and assist in the surgery planning. The purpose of our work is to develop an AR-based system to visualize cranial sutures, and to assess the accuracy and usability of using AR-based navigation for surgical guidance in minimally invasive spring-assisted craniectomy.

Methods
An AR system was developed that consists of an electromagnetic tracking system linked with a Microsoft HoloLens. The system was used to conduct a study with two skull phantoms. For each phantom, five sutures were annotated and visualized on the skull surface. Twelve participants assessed the system. For each participant, model alignment using six anatomical landmarks was performed, followed by the participant delineation of the visualized sutures. At the end, the participants filled a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire. For evaluation, an independent optical tracking system was used and the delineated sutures were digitized and compared to the CT-annotated sutures.

Results
For a total of 120 delineated sutures, the distance of the annotated sutures to the planning reference was $$2.4\pm 1.2$$

2.4
±
1.2

mm. The average delineation time per suture was $$13\pm 5$$

13
±
5

s. For the system usability questionnaire, an average SUS score of 73 was obtained.

Conclusion
The developed AR-system has good accuracy (average 2.4 mm distance) and could be used in the OR. The system can assist in the pre-planning of minimally invasive craniosynostosis surgeries to locate cranial sutures accurately instead of the traditional approach of manual palpation. Although the conducted phantom study was designed to closely reflect the clinical setup in the OR, further clinical validation of the developed system is needed and will be addressed in a future work.
Identifying teachers’ motivational profiles and their changes from teacher education into practice: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hartl Anna , Holzberger Doris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we examined teachers’ self-efficacy and enthusiasm as two motivational constructs and assessed how they are organized and change over time, using a sample of 662 participants from the end of pre-service teacher education up to two years after entering the teaching profession. We first used latent profile analyses to identify teachers’ motivational profiles. Quantitative motivational profiles were found for those concluding their teacher education, enabling low, medium, and high motivation to be distinguished. Two years after entering the profession, these profiles were no longer clearly identifiable. To investigate the change in the motivational variables, we applied a latent change score model. Finally, we examined whether social support from colleagues, a resource, could explain the change in motivational variables. A significant decrease over time was found for self-efficacy for classroom management and enthusiasm for teaching, while enthusiasm for the subject increased. No significant change was detected for general self-efficacy. Additionally, we found no evidence that social support influences these changes.