bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy and XPS study of the thermal decomposition of Mg‐hornblende into augite
Authors: Li Yongli , Huang Fei , Gao Wenyuan , Zhu Qi , Shen Can , Li Mingyu , Sun Xueyan , Wang Xiuchun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe breaking and reorganization of chemical bonds during the transformation of amphiboles to pyroxenes are obscure due to similar structures and seemingly stable tetrahedrons. A systematic heating experiment was carried out on amphibolites at medium and high temperatures (600–1180°C) to explore the transformation mechanism of double‐chain silicate minerals (amphiboles) to single‐chain silicate minerals (pyroxenes). It was found that the morphology of Mg‐hornblende changed significantly at 1050°C. Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that a large amount of electron transfer promoted H+ escape during Fe2+ oxidation to Fe3+. Meanwhile, the decrease of ANa, AK, and TAl shortens the distance between the two tetrahedrons and breaks the O‐Si‐O bond connecting the tetrahedron and octahedron M4. Electron transfer between the octahedral and tetrahedral sites occurs at approximately 600°C. At ~900°C, a part of the Ca‐O electrons was transferred to the Ca‐O‐Si. Finally, the O‐Si‐O bond break caused Ca in M4 to move into cavity A‐site to form augite together with Si‐O‐Si at the site of T1‐T1, which behaves accordingly, the number of electrons lost by Ca‐O is similar to that gained by Si‐O‐Si at 1050–1100°C. This study provides direct evidence of Raman spectroscopy and XPS to reveal the phase transformation mechanism and establish phase transition thermometers of amphiboles to pyroxenes.
Do hunters target auxiliary markers? An example using black brant
Authors: Sedinger James S. , Lindberg Mark S. , Riecke Thomas V. , Leach Alan G. , Meixell Brandt W. , Nicolai Christopher A. , Koons David N. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAuxiliary markers play an essential role in understanding migration, movement, demography, and behavior of migratory birds. Use of such markers relies on the assumption that the markers do not affect the traits of interest. Neck collars, among the most conspicuous of markers, substantially affect risk of harvest, and survival even in the absence of harvest. Effects of less‐conspicuous markers, such as colored plastic tarsal bands, are not well understood. We used 30 years (1986–2015) of banding, recovery, and recapture data from the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska, USA, to assess differences in direct band recovery rates (DRRs) between black plastic and brightly colored plastic bands applied to black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). We also assessed the effect of the color of plastic tarsal bands on annual survival, risks of natural mortality harvest, and fidelity to the breeding colony of adult female black brant. When assessing only DRRs we found that brightly colored bands were recovered at higher rates than black plastic bands in the early 2000s, but DRRs for black bands increased more rapidly through time, resulting in similar DRRs for the 2 band colors at the end of the study. Using a Burnham model structure, our results demonstrated that individuals fitted with colored bands had slightly lower hazards of dying from natural causes or hunting than individuals carrying less‐conspicuous black tarsal bands. Differences on annual probability scales were small and credible intervals broadly overlapped between band types, indicating minimal differences between individuals with different band types; however, we could not resolve all confounding in our study design and we suggest that specific studies directed at assessing marker effects are warranted. We encourage education of hunters about their roles as citizen scientists and the potentially detrimental effect of targeting birds with auxiliary markers.
Behavioral responses of male elk to hunting risk
Authors: Smith Joshua B. , Spitz Derek B. , Brown Casey L. , Wisdom Michael J. , Rowland Mary M. , Forrester Tavis D. , Johnson Bruce K. , Clark Darren A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrey respond to predation risk with a range of behavioral tactics that can vary based on space use and hunting mode of the predator. Unlike other predators, human hunters are often more spatially and temporally restricted, which creates a period of short‐duration, high‐intensity predation risk for prey. Consequently, identifying the roles different hunting modes (i.e., archery and rifle), hunts for targeted and non‐targeted species, and landscape features play in altering spatial and temporal responses of prey to predation risk by humans is important for effective management of harvested populations. From 2009 to 2016, we used a large‐scale experiment including 50 animal‐years of location data from 38 unique male elk (Cervus canadensis) to quantify changes in movement and resource selection in response to hunters during 3 separate 5‐day controlled hunts for antlered males (elk archery, deer [Odocoileus spp.] rifle, and elk rifle) at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast Oregon, USA. We evaluated competing hypotheses regarding elk responses to varying levels of prey risk posed by the different hunt types. We predicted that the strength of elk behavioral responses would increase with perceived hunter lethality (i.e., weak response to elk archery but similar response to elk and deer rifle hunts) and that prey response would be closely associated with hunter activity within the diel cycle (greater during diurnal than nocturnal hours) and across hunting seasons. Elk responses were strongest during diurnal hours when hunters were active on the landscape and were generally more pronounced during both rifle hunts than during the archery hunt (supporting our perceived lethality hypothesis). Male elk avoided open roads across all periods except during nocturnal hours of the breeding season and alternated between avoidance of areas with high canopy cover during nocturnal hours and selection during diurnal hours. In combination these patterns led to distinct distributional changes of male elk from pre‐hunt to hunt periods. Patterns of male elk selection highlight the importance of managing for heterogeneous landscapes to meet a variety of habitat, harvest, hunter satisfaction, and escapement objectives.
Habitat and weather influence body condition in white‐tailed deer, Wisconsin, USA
Authors: McGraw Amanda M. , Storm Daniel J. , Bronson Dustin R. , Pearson Teresa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn temperate and northern ecosystems where there are pronounced seasonal patterns in weather and available energy, there are corresponding patterns of body condition among white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Body condition of white‐tailed deer can affect survival and reproduction, which has large repercussions for state‐level natural resource agencies that allocate hunting permits. In this study, we investigated how variation in winter weather, spring phenology, habitat composition, and browse quantity affected white‐tailed deer body condition across a large spatial scale. Several body condition indicators (e.g., carcass mass, heart fat, antler size) were measured by hunters for 795 deer during September–December 2016–2018 in Wisconsin, USA. Winter severity in the previous year was an unreliable predictor of fall body condition of deer when winters were considered mild or moderate. The timing of spring green‐up had a consistent effect on the body condition of all age and sex classes of deer. Earlier spring green‐up resulted in heavier fawns and larger antlers among adult males. Region and spring green‐up interacted to affect the heart fat of adult females. Earlier springs resulted in adult females in northern and central Wisconsin having a higher probability of heavy heart fat, whereas spring green‐up had no effect on adult female heart fat in southern Wisconsin. Effects of habitat differed by age and sex class of deer, and by the body condition metric being evaluated, indicating that there are important physiological differences among age and sex classes of deer that are affected by the environment. Our study demonstrates that the hunting public can contribute large‐scale, cost‐effective, and quality data to deer monitoring and research projects. It is important that natural resource agencies be able to identify and recruit highly engaged members of the hunting public to ensure project success. The timing of spring green‐up can have lasting effects on deer health that can be consistently observed the following fall, which is in contrast to the effects of winter severity that did not appear to persist when previous winters were mild or moderate. We encourage managers in northern or temperate regions to consider measures of spring green‐up timing in conjunction with traditional winter severity when making deer population management decisions, such as antlerless tag allocation.
Supercharged massetric‐facial cross‐graft for gracilis reinnervation in unilateral facial palsy treatment
Authors: Bianchi Bernardo , Bergonzani Michela , Stella Enrica , Perlangeli Giuseppe , De Stefani Elisa , Sesenna Enrico , Ferri Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe choice of neurotization source for gracilis neuromuscular transplant is a key point in the treatment of unilateral long‐standing paralysis. To combine the advantages of different donor nerves and overcome their disadvantages, mixed neurotization sources have been described with encouraging results. The authors present a preliminary report of a novel technique, the “supercharged” cross‐graft, a two‐step technique consisting of a double powered cross nerve graft provided by a zygomatic branch of the healthy facial nerve and the masseter nerve of the healthy side.Patients and methodsFrom January 2015 to December 2019 eight patients, aged between 19 and 61 years old (mean age at surgery 33.62) suffering unilateral established paralysis (congenital or acquired, >24 months) underwent gracilis reinnervation with the supercharged cross grafting technique. Subjects underwent a two‐step surgical rehabilitation: in the first operation sural nerve was harvested and used as cross‐graft cooptated by healthy side facial nerve branch and masseteric nerve. During second procedure gracilis neuromuscular transplant was performed reinnervarting the muscle with the cross‐graft. Patients were evaluated using Emotrics software, which allowed for automated facial measurements on post‐operative pictures taken at the last follow‐up. The results of the different poses were compared to assess the contribution to smile excursion by the masseter and facial nerve, together and separately. Finally, we analyzed spontaneous smile to assess whether masseteric contribution is used in daily life.ResultsNo major or minor complications occurred. Follow‐up time ranged from 12 to 41 months, with a mean of 22.75 months. A good commissure excursion (mean 33.84 mm) was obtained during smile with no teeth clenching (without masseter activation), as well as during teeth clenching without smiling (activation of gracilis only – mean 32.55). When smiling and biting simultaneously the excursion was greater than the single two components (mean 35.91). In spontaneous smile, commissure excursion was higher (mean 34.23) than that provided by only the facial nerve (smile only) in most patients.ConclusionsThis novel technique of mixed neurotization for gracilis transplant shows consistent results with powerful contraction and good smile coordination. It also allows us to extend the indications for mixed neurotization techniques.
MR‐based truncation correction using an advanced HUGE method to improve attenuation correction in PET/MR imaging of obese patients
Authors: Lindemann Maike E. , Gratz Marcel , Blumhagen Jan Ole , Jakoby Bjoern , Quick Harald H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTruncation artifacts in the periphery of the magnetic resonance (MR) field‐of‐view (FOV) and thus, in the MR‐based attenuation correction (AC) map, may hamper accurate positron emission tomography (PET) quantification in whole‐body PET/MR, which is especially problematic in patients with obesity with overall large body dimensions. Therefore, an advanced truncation correction (TC) method to extend the conventional MR FOV is needed.MethodsThe extent of MR‐based AC‐map truncations in obese patients was determined in a dataset including n = 10 patients that underwent whole‐body PET/MR exams. Patient inclusion criteria were defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2 and body weight > 100 kg. Truncations in PET/MR patients with obesity were quantified comparing the MR‐based AC‐map volume to segmented non‐AC PET data, serving as the reference body volume without truncations to demonstrate the need of improved TC. The new method implemented in this study, termed “advanced HUGE,” was modified and extended from the original HUGE method by Blumhagen et al. in order to provide improved TC across the entire axial MR FOV and to unlock new clinical applications of PET/MR. Advanced HUGE was then systematically tested in PET/MR NEMA phantom measurements. Relative differences between computed tomography (CT) AC PET data of the phantom setup (reference) and MR‐based Dixon AC, respectively Dixon + advanced HUGE AC, were calculated. The applicability of the method for advanced TC was then demonstrated in first MR‐based measurements in healthy volunteers.ResultsIt was found that the MR‐based AC maps of obese patients often reveal truncations in the anterior–posterior direction. Especially, the abdominal region could benefit from improved TC, where maximal relative differences in the AC‐map volume up to −17% were calculated. Applying advanced HUGE to improve the MR‐based AC in PET/MR, PET quantification errors in the large‐volume phantom setup could be considerably reduced from average −18.6% (Dixon AC) to 4.6% compared to the CT AC reference. Volunteer measurements demonstrate that formerly missing AC‐map volume in the Dixon‐VIBE AC‐map could be added due to advanced HUGE in the anterior–posterior direction and thus, potentially improves AC in PET/MR.ConclusionsThe advanced HUGE method for truncation correction considerably reduces truncations in the anterior–posterior direction demonstrated in phantom measurements and healthy volunteers and thus, further improves MR‐based AC in PET/MR imaging.
Single‐voxel short‐TR multi‐TI multi‐TE STEAM MRS for water–fat relaxometry
Authors: Ruschke Stefan , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo propose a short‐TR multi‐TI multi‐TE (SHORTIE, [ˈshȯr‐tē]) STEAM single‐voxel MRS acquisition scheme for the simultaneous assessment of T1 relaxation, T2 relaxation, and the proton density fat fraction at reduced scan times when compared with conventional long‐TR multi‐TI STEAM and long‐TR multi‐TE STEAM single‐voxel MRS.MethodsTheoretical analysis for multi‐TI (TI = 10, 100, 500, 1500 ms; scan time = 2:43 minutes), multi‐TE (TE = 12, 15, 20, 25 ms; scan time = 2:24 minutes), and SHORTIE STEAM (all TI and TE combinations; scan time = 2:52 minutes) was carried out including Cramér‐Rao lower bound and parameter estimation efficiency analysis for T1 (150–2000 ms) and T2 (5–150 ms) relaxation. The SHORTIE STEAM acquisition was compared with multi‐TI STEAM and multi‐TE STEAM in water–fat phantoms and in a human in vivo study of the adipose tissue depot in the supraclavicular fossa in 7 volunteers at 3 T.ResultsCramér‐Rao lower bound analysis revealed similar to increased variances for T1 and T2 estimators for SHORTIE STEAM. Parameter efficiency analysis demonstrated superior performance of SHORTIE, particularly for shorter T1 and T2 when compared with multi‐TI STEAM and multi‐TE STEAM. For the phantom data, linear regression and Bland‐Altmann analysis yielded a slope/intercept/mean difference of 1.07/−15.40/−17.18 for T1 (in ms; r = 0.999), 0.93/+1.32/+1.09 for T2 (in ms; r = 0.995), and 0.98/−0.04/+0.78 for the fat fraction (in percent; r = 0.999); and for the in vivo data 1.08/+1.77/−62.2 for T1 (r = 0.994), 0.88/+6.69/−1.55 for T2 (r = 0.884), and 0.56/+34.40/−0.46 for the fat fraction (r = 0.673), respectively.ConclusionThe SHORTIE STEAM acquisition allows shorter scan times for the simultaneous probing of relaxation properties and spectral content in the water–fat environment when compared with combined long‐TR multi‐TI, and long‐TR multi‐TE STEAM.
The status and predictors of self‐care among older adults with hypertension in China using the Chinese version of Self‐Care of Hypertension Inventory – A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guo Yu‐Jie , Hu Xiao‐Yun , Ji Hong‐Juan , Zhao Qiao , Wang Long‐Yuan , Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Tang Jue , Yang Lei , Sun Xiang‐Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the status and predictors of self‐care among older adults with hypertension in China by the Chinese version of Self‐Care of Hypertension Inventory.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodsA convenience sampling of 544 older adults with hypertension was surveyed using the Chinese version of Self‐Care of Hypertension Inventory. SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Generalized liner model univariate analysis and the optimal scaling regression analysis were performed to investigate the predictors of self‐care.ResultsThe status of self‐care was poor with the median and inter‐quartile range of total scores of self‐care (140.00 ± 67), the scores of self‐care maintenance (50 ± 24.76), the scores of self‐care management (56.25 ± 29.41) and the scores of self‐care confidence (54.79 ± 29.17). Age, family model, primary caregiver, maximum systolic blood pressure, coverage of medical insurance, disease duration, receiving self‐care education, education level, economic burden and family history of hypertension were the most powerful predictors of self‐care among older adults with hypertension.
When worlds collide: Non‐state actors, philanthropy and the commercial promotion of fertility control options in developing countries
Authors: Wale Jeffrey , Rowlands Sam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is an ethical evaluation of the role of transnational philanthropic and commercial actors in the promotion and implementation of fertility control and family planning programmes in developing countries around the world. In particular, we consider the application, extension and association of collective and individualist ethical justifications to these actors. Our aim is to achieve a better understanding of the rights and obligations that different stakeholders might hold in this arena. We use a critical theoretical lens to examine conventional ethical discourse and literature to develop a fresh conceptual understanding of the arguments applicable to philanthropic and commercial actors in the context of fertility control and family planning. Whilst complex multi‐stakeholder arrangements make ethical assessment challenging, caution ought to be exercised in the application and extension of conventional state‐based justifications for fertility control or family planning to these transnational non‐state actors. Collective justifications or interests cannot be automatically extended to cover the activities of these organisations and actors in this context. Potential conflicts of interest and inequalities in the power dynamics between stakeholders are all too apparent. The lack of direct accountability and transparency of action also raises questions about the building of philanthropic partnerships and the appropriate degree of state and international oversight. State and philanthropic/commercial interests are unlikely to be aligned when the transformative goals of the latter promote self‐sufficiency and individualist agendas. This paper contributes to ethical knowledge of and literacy in philanthropic activities in the arena of family planning, sexual and reproductive health and fertility control. It offers guidance for the evaluation of these contributions and the development of global philanthropic partnerships.
Piezoelectric biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) based electrospun fiber mats with tailored porosity
Authors: Marques‐Almeida Teresa , Fernandes Liliana C. , Correia Daniela M. , Tubio Carmen R. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Ribeiro Clarisse 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric polymers allow transducing a mechanical stimulus into an electrical voltage, and vice‐versa, leading to a large variety of sensor and actuator applications. Further, biodegradable platforms are increasingly needed in the environmental and biotechnological areas. In this context, this work reports on electrospun fiber based membranes with tailored physical properties and morphology, through the combination of the piezoelectric and biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) polymer with poly(ethylene oxide). The use of a binary polymer mixture and a binary solvent system of chloroform and dimethylformamide allows these materials to have their external and internal morphologies tailored. The porosity of the neat and blend fibers ranges between 79% and 93%. The produced materials demonstrated huge potential for environmental and biotechnological applications that require piezoelectricity, biodegradability, and porosity.
A novel waterborne g‐CPP sizing agent for the interfacial enhancement of SCF/PP composites
Authors: Li Zheng , Wang Kexin , Liu Xudong , Hu Jiaoli , Zhang Jie , Yang Guorui , Xie Ruihang , Zhang Jialiang , Ao Yuhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo enhance the interfacial adhesion of short carbon fiber (SCF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, a new modified chlorinated polypropylene resin (g‐CPP) was synthesized and utilized to manufacture the sizing agent for SCF. The findings of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that g‐CPP had high thermal characteristics, with its glass transition temperature (Tg) raised by 11°C.The g‐CPP sizing agent that has been developed has increased storage stability (particle size was 109.8 nm). The contact angle of SCF was reduced from 81.52° to 60.04° after sizing, and the surface free energy was raised from 29.31 mN/m soared to 47.13 mN/m. The SCF/PP composites with 1 wt% sizing agent demonstrated the best interfacial adhesion, with improvements in flexural and tensile strengths of 54% and 39%, respectively. The interfacial reinforcement mechanism of sizing agent to improve interfacial adhesion was investigated. This work proposes an attractive way for the future preparation of high‐performance SCF/PP composites.
Direct measurement of axial compressive strength of carbon fibers using multifilament method
Authors: Zhixin Wang , Aijun Gao , Lianghua Xu , Yuanjian Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo measuring the compressive strength of carbon fibers accurately and effectively, a specially designed fixture was applied for directly measuring axial compressive strength of carbon fibers using T800HB‐12 K multifilament. Influence of adhesive thickness and specimen length on the testing results was investigated. Adhesive of epoxy effectively transferred compressive stress from the fixture to the specimen and provided enough support of multifilament rod from bending during compressive load. Typical shear failure for multifilament rod was realized for T800HB‐12 K carbon fibers during compression testing using the purposely designed fixture at adhesive thickness of 0.101–0.110 mm and test length of 2.0–3.0 mm. Compressive strength of about 2700 MPa with variation coefficient of 8% was obtained for T800HB‐12 K carbon fibers. The fixture and method established were capable for characterizing axial compressive strength of 1–24 K carbon fibers.