bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging eDNA metabarcoding to characterize nearshore fish communities in Southeast Alaska: Do habitat and tide matter?
Authors: Larson Wesley A. , Barry Patrick , Dokai Willie , Maselko Jacek , Olson John , Baetscher Diana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNearshore marine habitats are critical for a variety of commercially important fish species, but assessing fish communities in these habitats is costly and time‐intensive. Here, we leverage eDNA metabarcoding to characterize nearshore fish communities near Juneau, Alaska, USA, a high‐latitude environment with large tidal swings, strong currents, and significant freshwater input. We investigated whether species richness and community composition differed across three habitat types (sand beaches, eelgrass beds, and rocky shorelines) and between high and low tides. Additionally, we tested whether replication of field samples and PCR reactions influenced either species richness or composition. We amplified a 12S mitochondrial locus in our samples and identified 167 fish amplicon sequence variants, which were grouped into 24 unique taxa based on sequence similarity, with approximately half of these taxa resolved to single species. Species richness and composition inferred from eDNA differed substantially among habitats, with rock habitats containing fewer taxa and fewer overall detections than sand and eelgrass habitats. The effect of tide was not significant on its own, but a significant habitat‐tide interaction was documented, with the most pronounced differences in taxa between tides found in sand habitats. Power analyses indicated that additional field sampling is useful to detect small changes in species richness such as those due to tide. PCR replicates typically identified few additional taxa. Our results provide important information that can be used to guide future studies, most notably, that the influence of tide on eDNA results appears to be minimal and potentially isolated to certain habitats. This suggests that replication across tides may not be vital for future eDNA studies and that additional replication across space—particularly across heterogeneous environments—likely is a better allocation of sampling effort.
A Single‐Step Synthesis of Stereodefined Skipped Trienes: Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with Allylic Halides
Authors: Bai Peizhi , Jiang Yubo , Xiao Tiebo , Qin Guiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed cascade reaction of terminal alkynes with allylic halides to afford stereodefined skipped trienes was developed. The methodology leads to efficient construction of a series of stereodefined skipped trienes under mild reaction conditions in a single‐step without organometallic alkyne. Preliminary mechanism investigations indicated that the Sonogashira reaction and the radical pathway might not be involved in this novel multicomponent coupling reaction.
Development of Ion‐selective Electrodes for Tropane, Atropine, and Scopolamine – A Concept for the Analysis of Tropane Alkaloids
Authors: Luger Sebastian , Mayerhuber Lisa , Weigelhofer Gabriele , Hein Thomas , Holzer Brigitte , Hametner Christian , Fruhmann Philipp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present the development of novel ion‐selective electrodes for tropane, atropine, and scopolamine, as a general model for tropane alkaloids and drugs such as e. g. cocaine. These potentiometric sensors rely either on a metallocarborane or tetraphenylborate complex as recognition element and led to systems with a near‐Nernstian behaviour in the range of 10−5–10−2 mol/L and detection limits around 2 ⋅ 10−5 mol/L. Selectivity studies with commonly used drug additives (caffeine, phenacetin) and closely related tropane derivatives show very low influence of the additives and a structure dependent interference for the derivatives. Beside this, a hydrogel‐based concept with a similar performance was developed, which could be used for on‐site measurement of solid samples. The developed sensors therefore demonstrated their suitability and might be used to enable the development of portable sensor arrays for the quantification of a wide range of tropane alkaloids.
The information in global interest rate futures contracts
Authors: Brooks Robert , Cline Brandon N. , Teterin Pavel , You Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate information contained in the term structure of interest rate futures contracts in the United States, Eurozone, UK, and Switzerland. We find that current forward‐spot differentials often predict return premiums and, especially, future spot rates. This predictability follows time‐series patterns common to all four markets, except around crises. Macroeconomic indicators are important determinants of predictability within and between markets. One common factor captures a significant portion of variation in predictability. No single market has a dominant share of macroeconomic indicators linked with the common predictability factor. Inflation and exchange rates arise as the most important determinants of the common factor.
Meta‐analytic evidence for downregulation of the amygdala during working memory maintenance
Authors: de Voogd Lycia D. , Hermans Erno J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe amygdala is a region critically implicated in affective processes. Downregulation of the amygdala is one of the hallmarks of successful emotion regulation. Top‐down inhibition of the amygdala is thought to involve activation of the executive control network. This reciprocal relationship, however, is not exclusive to explicit emotion regulation. It has been noted that any cognitively demanding task that activates executive control network may downregulate the amygdala, including a standard working memory task. Such downregulation is likely established in a load‐dependent fashion with more cognitive demand leading to stronger deactivation. Using a coordinate‐based meta‐analysis, we examined whether a standard working memory task downregulates the amygdala similarly to cognitive reappraisal. We found that a standard 2‐back working memory task indeed systematically downregulates the amygdala and that deactivated clusters strongly overlap with those observed during a cognitive reappraisal task. This finding may have consequences for the interpretation of the underlying mechanism of cognitive reappraisal: amygdala downregulation may be related to the cognitively demanding nature of reappraisal and not per se by the act of the reappraisal itself. Moreover, it raises the possibility of applying working memory tasks in clinical settings as an alternative emotion regulation strategy.
Reliability of extracellular contrast versus gadoxetic acid in assessing small liver lesions using liver imaging reporting and data system v.2018 and European association for the study of the liver criteria
Authors: Rimola Jordi , Sapena Víctor , Brancatelli Giuseppe , Darnell Anna , Forzenigo Laura , Mähringer‐Kunz Aline , Paisant Anita , Renzulli Matteo , Schima Wolfgang , Terraz Sylvain , Valls Carlos , Wagner Mathilde , Ayuso Carmen , Vilgrain Valerie , Reig Maria , Ronot Maxime 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background & Aims
The diagnostic accuracy of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) v.2018 and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria for the diagnosis of HCC have been widely evaluated, but their reliability should be investigated. We aimed to assess and compare the reliability of LI‐RADS v.2018 and EASL criteria for the diagnosis of HCC using MRI with extracellular contrast agents (ECAs) and gadoxetic acid (GA) and determine the effect of ancillary features on LI‐RADS reliability.

Approach & Results
Ten readers reviewed MRI studies of 92 focal liver lesions measuring <3 cm acquired with ECAs and GA <1 month apart from two prospective trials, assessing EASL criteria, LI‐RADS major and ancillary features, and LI‐RADS categorization with and without including ancillary features. Inter‐reader agreement for definite HCC diagnosis was substantial and similar for the two contrasts for both EASL and LI‐RADS criteria. For ECA‐MRI and GA‐MRI, respectively, inter‐reader agreement was k = 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.81) and k = 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.80); for nonrim hyperenhancement, k = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.54–0.72) and k = 0.57 (95% CI, 0.48–0.66); and for nonperipheral washout, k = 0.49 (95% CI, 0.40–0.59) and k = 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37–0.58) for enhancing capsule. The inter‐reader agreement for LI‐RADS after applying ancillary features remained in the same range of agreement.

Conclusions
Agreement for definite HCC was substantial and similar for both scoring systems and the two contrast agents in small focal liver lesions. Agreement for LI‐RADS categorization was lower for both contrast agents, and including LI‐RADS ancillary features did not improve agreement.
Decrease in LINC00963 attenuates the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension via microRNA‐328‐3p/profilin 1 axis
Authors: Yang Chengpeng , Rong Rong , Li Yuze , Cheng Mingxun , Luo Yanzhuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by vascular hyperplasia and remodeling. Long noncoding RNA LINC00963 can regulate cell proliferation and metastasis in nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the function of LINC00963 on PAH progression is rarely reported.MethodsQuantitative real‐time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of LINC00963, microRNA (miRNA)‐328‐3p, and profilin 1 (PFN1), as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2), and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐α. The protein level of PFN1 was measured by western blotting. The viability and migration of hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were assessed by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2‐h‐tetrazolium bromide, and transwell assays, respectively. The target relationships between miR‐328‐3p and LINC00963/PFN1 were confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. A PAH mouse model was conducted to explore the effects of hypoxia on cardiopulmonary functions.ResultsIn hypoxia‐induced PASMCs and PAH mouse model, high expression levels of LINC00963 and PFN1, and low expression of miR‐328‐3p, were determined. The viability, migration of hypoxia‐induced PASMCs, the expression of VEGF, FGF‐2, and HIF‐α were significantly repressed by transfection of si‐LINC00963 or miR‐328‐3p mimics. The inhibitory effects of LINC00963 silencing on cell viability, migration, and the levels of VEGF, FGF‐2, and HIF‐α were partly eliminated by miR‐328‐3p inhibitor or increasing the expression of PFN1. Hypoxia treatment increased the levels of RVSP, mPAP, and RV/(LV+S), as well as the thickness of pulmonary artery wall.ConclusionsSilencing of LINC00963 ameliorates PAH via modulating miR‐328‐3p/PFN1.
Identification of benzothiazole‐rhodanine derivatives as α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro analysis
Authors: Srinivasa Mahendra Gowdru , Aggarwal Natasha Naval , Gatpoh Banylla Felicity Dkhar , Shankar Madan Kumar , Byadarahalli Ravindranath Kannika , Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar , Dixit Sheshagiri , Mandal Subhankar P. , Bommenahally Ravanappa Prashantha Kumar , Khanal Pukar , Bistuvalli Chandrashekarappa Revanasiddappa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel series of benzothiazole‐rhodanine derivatives (A1‐A10) were designed and synthesized, with the aim of developing possible antidiabetic agents and the spectral characterization of these compounds was done using infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), carbon‐nuclear magnetic resonance (C13‐NMR), and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HR‐MS) techniques. In vitro hypoglycemic potential of the compounds was evaluated by performing α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzyme inhibitory assays. In addition, these compounds were subjected to in silico analysis. Based on the results, compounds A5, A6, and A9 displayed good activity in comparison with the standard acarbose. Based on Lineweaver‐Burk plots, it was concluded that compounds A5 and A9 displayed competitive type of enzyme inhibition. Molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of the ligand‐protein complex by the calculation of the root mean square deviation, root means square fluctuation, and solvent accessible surface area.
Clinicopathological correlates of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests
Authors: Li Tony , Yap Jonathan , Chng Wei Qiang , Tay Julian Cheong Kiat , Shahidah Nur , Yeo Colin , Gan Han Nee , Tong Khim Leng , Ng Yih Yng , Wu Jia Hao , Wang Marian , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Ching Chi Keong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac arrest with or without sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents a heterogeneous spectrum of underlying etiology but is often a catastrophic event. Despite improvements in pre‐hospital response and post‐resuscitation care, outcomes remain grim. Thus, we aim to evaluate the predictors of survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) and describe autopsy findings of those with the uncertain cause of death (COD).MethodsThis is a subgroup analysis of the Singapore cohort from the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcome Study which studied 933 OHCAs admitted to two Singapore tertiary hospitals from April 2010 to May 2012.ResultsOf the patients analysed, 30.2% (n = 282) had an initial return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at the emergency department, 18.0% (n = 168) had sustained ROSC with subsequent admission and 3.4% (n = 32) had survival to discharge. On multivariate analysis, an initial shockable rhythm, a witnessed event, prehospital defibrillation, and shorter time to hospital predicted ROSC as well as survival to discharge. A total of 163 (17.5%) autopsies were performed of which a cardiac etiology of SCD was noted in 92.1% (n = 151). Ischemic heart disease accounted for 54.3% (n = 89) of the autopsy cohort, with acute myocardial infarction (26.9%, n = 44) and myocarditis (3.7%, n = 6) rounding out the top three causes of demise.ConclusionOHCA remains a clinical presentation that portends a poor prognosis. Of those with uncertain COD, cardiac etiology appears to predominate from autopsy study. Identification of prognostic factors will play an important role in improving individual‐level and systemic‐level variables to further optimize outcomes.
Predictors of prolonged admission after outpatient female pelvic reconstructive surgery
Authors: Simi Andrea M. , Chapman Graham C. , Zillioux Jacqueline , Martin Sarah , Slopnick Emily A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine factors associated with prolonged hospital admission following outpatient female pelvic reconstructive surgery (FPRS) and associated adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we identified outpatient FPRS performed 2011–2016. Isolated hysterectomy without concurrent prolapse repair was excluded. Surgeries were classified as major or minor for analysis. The primary outcome was prolonged length of stay (LOS), defined as admission of ≥2 days. Secondary outcomes included complications, readmission and reoperation associated with prolonged LOS. We abstracted data on covariates, and following univariable analysis, performed backward stepwise regression analysis.ResultsA total of 29645 women were included: 12311 (41.5%) major and 17334 (58.5%) minor procedures. A total of 6.9% (2033) had a prolonged LOS. On full cohort multivariable regression analysis, patient characteristics associated with prolonged LOS were older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1 per 10 years, confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.1, p < 0.001), frailty (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.6, p = 0.001), and Caucasian race (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.02–1.3, p = 0.024). Associated surgical factors included having a major surgical procedure (OR: 1.3, CI: 1.2–1.4, p < 0.001), use of general anesthesia (OR: 2.0, CI: 1.5–2.6, p < 0.001) and longer operative time (OR: 2.0, CI: 1.8–2.2, p < 0.001). The occurrence of any complication (10.3% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001), hospital readmission (4.3% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001), and reoperation (2.7% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001) were more likely with prolonged LOS.ConclusionsAfter outpatient FPRS, 6.9% of patients experience an admission of ≥2 days. Prolonged LOS is more common in patients who are older, frail and Caucasian, and in those who have major surgery with long operative time and general anesthesia.
Post‐yielding fracture mechanics of 3D printed polymer‐based orthopedic cortical screws
Authors: Agarwal Raj , Mehtani Hitesh Kumar , Singh Jaskaran , Gupta Vishal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe internal fixation of a fractured bone is generally achieved with bone screws during most orthopedic surgeries. Biodegradable screws have not received as much attention as they deserve. Biodegradable screws reduce the stress‐shielding effect, screw failure, complex, painful revision surgery for screw extraction. The vital focus of the present research is to fabricate cortical bone screws using polylactic acid (PLA) by fused deposition modeling technology. The PLA cortical screws were manufactured with different infill patterns (triangular, honeycomb, grid, and concentric), keeping other parameters constant using three‐dimensional printing. The mechanical behavior and fracture mechanism of different patterned cortical screws were observed based on compression testing and tensile testing of screws. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed the surface topographical features, fracture behavior, and microstructure characterization of different patterned polymeric cortical screws were observed using SEM. Based on the SEM micrographs, mechanical characterization of compression and tensile testing shows the stress, fractures and fatigue cracks propagation at the bone screw interfaces by fractures copy. Moreover, it was observed that the fracture mechanism of ductile to brittle fracture was observed with variation in the infill pattern of the bone screw. The outcomes revealed that the cortical screw with honeycomb infill pattern has the highest compressive and tensile strength than other infill patterns. Honeycomb structured cortical screws have approximately 17% higher compressive strength and 30% higher tensile strength than the triangular patterned cortical screw due to higher bonding surface area at the intercalated layers.
Ring‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐oxathian‐2‐one and its copolymerization with δ‐valerolactone
Authors: Wang Qi‐Yuan , Cao Meng‐Xue , Kan Xiao‐Wei , Lv An , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonomer 1,4‐oxathian‐2‐one (OX) was synthesized by a one pot two‐step method, and it was oxidized to the sulfone ester monomer, 1,4‐oxathian‐2‐one‐4,4‐dioxide (OX‐SO2). Three organic catalysts, 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD), 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) were screened for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of OX in dichloromethane at 30°C. It was found that OX has a high polymerizability, the TBD‐catalyzed ROP is very fast but with serious side reactions, the DBU‐catalyzed ROP is moderately controlled, and the DPP‐catalyzed ROP is well controlled until the polymerization reach equilibrium. Bulk ROP of OX‐SO2 was achieved with stannous octoate ((Sn[Oct]2) at 130°C. Poly(OX) is a semicrystalline polyester (Tm = 40‐60°C, Tg = −39.6°C), while Poly(OX‐SO2) is a highly crystalline polyester(Tg = 55°C, Tm = 211°C with decomposition). Kinetics experiments of OX and δ‐valerolactone (VL) revealed that VL polymerized faster than OX with DPP as the catalyst. Thermodynamic parameters of the ROP of OX and VL under identical conditions were measured; the ROP of OX is thermodynamically more favorable than that of VL. A series of random copolymers of OX and VL was prepared using TBD as the catalyst and confirmed that the in‐chain heteroatom greatly affected the crystallization of the copolymers.
Intuitive master device for endoscopic robots with visual‐motor correspondence
Authors: Cheon Byungsik , Baek Hyunwoo , Kim Chang‐Kyun , Ahn Jeongdo , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaster devices exclusively used for endoscopes with position control are being developed as an isomorphic form of endoscopes. These master devices are difficult to intuitively operate because the movement direction of the endoscopic image and control handle do not match.MethodsTo solve this problem, a master device was developed. Its movement direction is compatible with that of the endoscopic image. It analyzes image movements according to flexible endoscopic ureteroscope movements for each degree of freedom. A driving testbed experiment was conducted that modelled the internal structure of a kidney.ResultsThe time taken in the experiment was shorter when using the proposed master device than the existing isomorphic master device. The proposed device yielded fewer mistakes.ConclusionsIt was confirmed the proposed device is effective in exclusive use for endoscopes because of its feasibility of position control and movement direction's coinciding with that of the endoscopic image.
Effectiveness of rapid antigen testing for screening of asymptomatic individuals to limit the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2: A rapid review
Authors: Walsh Kieran A. , Broderick Natasha , Ahern Susan , Fawsitt Christopher G. , O’Brien Katie M. , Carrigan Marie , Harrington Patricia , O’Neill Michelle , Smith Susan M. , Spillane Susan , Teljeur Conor , Ryan Máirín 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) offer advantages over gold‐standard reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests in that they are cheaper and provide faster results, thus enabling prompt isolation of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 cases and quarantine of close contacts. The aim of this study was to collate and synthesise empirical evidence on the effectiveness of rapid antigen testing for the screening (including serial testing) and surveillance of asymptomatic individuals to limit the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. A rapid review was undertaken in MEDLINE (EBSCO), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Library, Europe PMC and Google Scholar up until 19 July 2021, supplemented by a grey literature search. Of the identified 1222 records, 19 reports referring to 16 studies were included. Eight included studies examined the effectiveness of RADTs for population‐level screening, four for pre‐event screening and four for serial testing (schools, a prison, a university sports programme and in care homes). Overall, there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of rapid antigen testing for the screening of asymptomatic individuals to limit the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. This uncertainty is due to the inconsistent results, the relatively low number of studies identified, the predominantly observational and/or uncontrolled nature of the study designs used, and concerns regarding methodological quality. Given this uncertainty, more real‐world research evidence in relevant settings, which is of good quality and timely, as well as economic evaluation, is required to inform public policy on the widespread use of RADTs in asymptomatic individuals.