bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quebec Observatory on End-of-Life Care for People with Dementia: Implementation and Preliminary Findings
Authors: Bravo Gina , Arcand Marcel , Wilchesky Machelle , Verreault René , Bilodeau Charles , Trottier Lise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost Canadians with dementia die in long-term care (LTC) facilities. No data are routinely collected in Canada on the quality of end-of-life care provided to this vulnerable population, leading to significant knowledge gaps. The Quebec Observatory on End-of-Life Care for People with Dementia was created to address these gaps. The Observatory is a research infrastructure designed to support the collection of data needed to better understand, and subsequently enhance, care quality for residents dying with dementia. This article reports on the main steps involved in setting up the Observatory, as well as a pilot study that involved 172 residents with dementia who died between 2016 and 2018 in one of 13 participating facilities. It describes the data gathered, methodological changes that were made along the way, feedback from participating facilities, and future developments of the Observatory.
What shape grammars do that CAD should: the 14 cases of shape embedding
Authors: Hong Tzu-Chieh Kurt , Economou Athanassios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Shape queries based on shape embedding under a given Euclidean, affine, or linear transformation are absent from current CAD systems. The only systems that have attempted to implement shape embedding are the shape grammar interpreters albeit with promising but inconclusive results. The work here identifies all possible 14 cases of shape embedding with respect to the number of available registration points, four for determinate cases and ten for indeterminate ones, and an approach is sketched to take on the complexities underlying the indeterminate cases. All visual calculations are done with shapes consisting of straight lines in the Euclidean plane within the algebra U
ij
for i = 1 the dimension of lines and j = 2 the dimension of space in which the lines are defined, transformed and combined. Aspects of interface design and integration to current work design workflows are deliberately left aside.
Margin-based approach for outlier detection of industrial design data using a modified general regression neural network
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Jayaram , Lee Gareth , Parlevliet David , Wong Kok Wai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe choice of components in industrial design involves setting design parameters that typically must reside inside permissible ranges called “design margins”. This paper proposes a novel automated method called the Margin-Based General Regression Neural Network (MB-GRNN) that classifies design errors for design parameters that are outside of permissible ranges as outliers, directly from industrial design data, using an unsupervised machine learning approach. The method is based on a modified GRNN that estimates extremal margin boundaries of design parameters by self-learning the features from datasets. These extremal permissible margin boundaries are determined by “stretching out” the upper and lower GRNN surfaces using an iterative application of stretch factors (a second kernel weighting factor). The method creates a variable insensitive band surrounding the data cloud, interlinked with the normal regression function, providing upper and lower margin boundaries. These boundaries can then be used to determine outliers and to predict a range of permissible values of design parameters during design. Pushing out extremal margin boundaries reduce the false identification of outliers. This classification technique could be used by industrial engineers to detect likely outliers and to predict a range of permissible output limits for chosen design parameters. The efficacy of this method has been validated against the widespread Parzen window method by comparing experimental results from three multivariate datasets. It was found that the two methods have different but complementary capabilities. The MB-GRNN also uses a modified algorithm for estimating the smoothing parameter using a combination of clustering, k-nearest neighbor, and localized covariance matrix.
Complications associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in paediatric cardiac patients
Authors: Patel Jay R. , Vellore Govardhan Shilpa , Anton-Martin Pilar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectives:To characterise the use of peripherally inserted central catheters in paediatric cardiac patients and to identify risk factors associated with their complications.Materials and Methods:Observational retrospective cohort study in paediatric cardiac patients who underwent peripherally inserted central catheter placement in a tertiary children’s hospital from January 2000 to June 2018.Results:1822 cardiac patients underwent 2952 peripherally inserted central catheter placements in the study period. Median age was 29 days, with survival to hospital discharge of 96.4%. Successful placement achieved 94.5% of attempts, with a median line duration of 12 days. Factors associated with successful placement were the use of general anaesthesia (odds ratio 7.52, p < 0.001) and year of placement (odds ratio 1.08, p < 0.001). The incidence of complications was 28.6%, with thrombosis/occlusion being the most frequent (33%). Thrombosis/occlusion were associated with two and three lumens (odds ratio 1.96, p < 0.001 and 4.63, p = 0.037, respectively). Lines placed by interventional radiology had decreased infiltration (odds ratio 0.20, p = 0.002) and lower migration/malposition (odds ratio 0.36, p < 0.001). The use of maintenance intravenous fluids (odds ratio 3.98, p = 0.008) and peripheral tip position (odds ratio 3.82, p = 0.001) were associated with increased infiltration. The probability of infection decreased over time (odds ratio 0.79, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Peripherally inserted central catheters in paediatric cardiac patients have complication rates similar to other paediatric populations. A prospective assessment of the factors associated with their complications in this patient population may be beneficial in improving outcomes.
Parental work hours and household income as determinants of unhealthy food and beverage intake in young Australian children
Authors: Mauch Chelsea E , Wycherley Thomas P , Bell Lucinda K , Laws Rachel A , Byrne Rebecca , Golley Rebecca K 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:This study examined parental work hours and household income as determinants of discretionary (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) food and beverage intake in young children, including differences by eating occasion.Design:Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Three hierarchical regression models were conducted with percentage of energy from discretionary food and beverages across the day, at main meals and at snack times being the outcomes. Dietary intake was assessed by 1 × 24-h recall and 1–2 × 24-h food record(s). Both maternal and paternal work hours were included, along with total household income. Covariates included household, parent and child factors.Setting:Data from the NOURISH/South Australian Infants Dietary Intake studies were collected between 2008 and 2013.Participants:Participants included 526 mother–child dyads (median (interquartile range) child age 1·99 (1·96, 2·03) years). Forty-one percentage of mothers did not work while 57 % of fathers worked 35–40 h/week. Most (85 %) households had an income of ≥$50 k AUD/year.Results:Household income was consistently inversely associated with discretionary energy intake (β = –0·12 to –0·15). Maternal part-time employment (21–35 h/week) predicted child consumption of discretionary energy at main meals (β = 0·10, P = 0·04). Paternal unemployment predicted a lower proportion of discretionary energy at snacks (β = -0·09, P = 0·047).Conclusions:This work suggests that household income should be addressed as a key opportunity-related barrier to healthy food provision in families of young children. Strategies to reduce the time burden of healthy main meal provision may be required in families where mothers juggle longer part-time working hours with caregiving and domestic duties. The need to consider the role of fathers and other parents/caregivers in shaping children’s intake was also highlighted.
Conflict-Driven Inductive Logic Programming
Authors: LAW MARK 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe goal of inductive logic programming (ILP) is to learn a program that explains a set of examples. Until recently, most research on ILP targeted learning Prolog programs. The ILASP system instead learns answer set programs (ASP). Learning such expressive programs widens the applicability of ILP considerably; for example, enabling preference learning, learning common-sense knowledge, including defaults and exceptions, and learning non-deterministic theories. Early versions of ILASP can be considered meta-level ILP approaches, which encode a learning task as a logic program and delegate the search to an ASP solver. More recently, ILASP has shifted towards a new method, inspired by conflict-driven SAT and ASP solvers. The fundamental idea of the approach, called Conflict-driven ILP (CDILP), is to iteratively interleave the search for a hypothesis with the generation of constraints which explain why the current hypothesis does not cover a particular example. These coverage constraints allow ILASP to rule out not just the current hypothesis, but an entire class of hypotheses that do not satisfy the coverage constraint. This article formalises the CDILP approach and presents the ILASP3 and ILASP4 systems for CDILP, which are demonstrated to be more scalable than previous ILASP systems, particularly in the presence of noise.
Simulated Future Trends in Marine Nitrogen Fixation Are Sensitive to Model Iron Implementation
Authors: Yao Wanxuan , Kvale Karin F. , Koeve Wolfgang , Landolfi Angela , Achterberg Eric , Bertrand Erin M. , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation is an important oceanic nitrogen source, potentially stabilizing marine fertility in an increasingly stratified and nutrient‐depleted ocean. Iron limitation of low latitude primary producers has been previously demonstrated to affect simulated regional ecosystem responses to climate warming or nitrogen cycle perturbation. Here we use three biogeochemical models that vary in their representation of the iron cycle to estimate change in the marine nitrogen cycle under a high CO2 emissions future scenario (RCP8.5). The first model neglects explicit iron effects on biology (NoFe), the second utilizes prescribed, seasonally cyclic iron concentrations and associated limitation factors (FeMask), and the third contains a fully dynamic iron cycle (FeDyn). Models were calibrated using observed fields to produce near‐equivalent nutrient and oxygen fits, with productivity ranging from 49 to 75 Pg C yr−1. Global marine nitrogen fixation increases by 71.1% with respect to the preindustrial value by the year 2100 in NoFe, while it remains stable (0.7% decrease in FeMask and 0.3% increase in FeDyn) in explicit iron models. The mitigation of global nitrogen fixation trend in the models that include a representation of iron originates in the Eastern boundary upwelling zones, where the bottom‐up control of iron limitation reduces export production with warming, which shrinks the oxygen deficient volume, and reduces denitrification. Warming‐induced trends in the oxygen deficient volume in the upwelling zones have a cascading effect on the global nitrogen cycle, just as they have previously been shown to affect tropical net primary production.
Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Salvador C. , Vicedo‐Cabrera A. M. , Libonati R. , Russo A. , Garcia B. N. , Belem L. B. C. , Gimeno L. , Nieto R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA significant fraction of Brazil's population has been exposed to drought in recent years, a situation that is expected to worsen in frequency and intensity due to climate change. This constitutes a current key environmental health concern, especially in densely urban areas such as several big cities and suburbs. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the short‐term drought effects on weekly non‐external, circulatory, and respiratory mortality was conducted in 13 major Brazilian macro‐urban areas across 2000–2019. We applied quasi‐Poisson regression models adjusted by temperature to explore the association between drought (defined by the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index) and the different mortality causes by location, sex, and age groups. We next conducted multivariate meta‐analytical models separated by cause and population groups to pool individual estimates. Impact measures were expressed as the attributable fractions among the exposed population, from the relative risks (RRs). Overall, a positive association between drought exposure and mortality was evidenced in the total population, with RRs varying from 1.003 [95% CI: 0.999–1.007] to 1.010 [0.996–1.025] for non‐external mortality related to moderate and extreme drought conditions, from 1.002 [0.997–1.007] to 1.008 [0.991–1.026] for circulatory mortality, and from 1.004 [0.995–1.013] to 1.013 [0.983–1.044] for respiratory mortality. Females, children, and the elderly population were the most affected groups, for whom a robust positive association was found. The study also revealed high heterogeneity between locations. We suggest that policies and action plans should pay special attention to vulnerable populations to promote efficient measures to reduce vulnerability and risks associated with droughts.
Forecasting GICs and Geoelectric Fields From Solar Wind Data Using LSTMs: Application in Austria
Authors: Bailey R. L. , Leonhardt R. , Möstl C. , Beggan C. , Reiss M. A. , Bhaskar A. , Weiss A. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe forecasting of local GIC effects has largely relied on the forecasting of dB/dt as a proxy and, to date, little attention has been paid to directly forecasting the geoelectric field or GICs themselves. We approach this problem with machine learning tools, specifically recurrent neural networks or LSTMs by taking solar wind observations as input and training the models to predict two different kinds of output: first, the geoelectric field components Ex and Ey; and second, the GICs in specific substations in Austria. The training is carried out on the geoelectric field and GICs modeled from 26 years of one‐minute geomagnetic field measurements, and results are compared to GIC measurements from recent years. The GICs are generally predicted better by an LSTM trained on values from a specific substation, but only a fraction of the largest GICs are correctly predicted. This model has a correlation with measurements of around 0.6, and a root‐mean‐square error of 0.7 A. The probability of detecting mild activity in GICs is around 50%, and 15% for larger GICs.
Interactions between nocturnal melatonin secretion, metabolism, and sleeping behavior in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Overberg Johanna , Kalveram Laura , Keller Theresa , Krude Heiko , Kühnen Peter , Wiegand Susanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesSleeping behavior and individual prospensity in sleep timing during a 24 h period, known as chronotypes, are underestimated factors, which may favor the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, melatonin is known to play an important role in circadian rhythm, but was also suggested to directly influence metabolism and bodyweight regulation. Since disturbed and shifted sleep rhythms have been observed in adolescents with obesity, this study aimed to investigate potential interactions between melatonin secretion, chronobiology, and metabolism. In addition, the influence of artificial light especially emitted by electronic devices on these parameters was of further interest.Subjects/methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study including 149 adolescents (mean age 14.7 ± 2.1 years) with obesity. Metabolic blood parameters (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and insulin) were obtained from patients and correlated with nocturnal melatonin secretion. Melatonin secretion was determined by measuring 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s), the major metabolite of melatonin in the first-morning urine, and normalized to urinary creatinine levels to account for the urinary concentration. Chronobiologic parameters were further assessed using theMunich ChronoType Questionnaire.ResultsSubjects with insulin resistance (n = 101) showed significantly lower nocturnal melatonin levels compared to those with unimpaired insulin secretion (p = 0.006). Furthermore, triglyceride (p = 0.012) and elevated uric acid levels (p = 0.029) showed significant associations with melatonin secretion. Patients with late chronotype showed a higher incidence of insulin resistance (p = 0.018). Moreover, late chronotype and social jetlag were associated with the time and duration of media consumption.ConclusionWe identified an association of impaired energy metabolism and lower nocturnal melatonin secretion in addition to late chronotype and increased social jetlag (misalignment of biological and social clocks) in adolescents with obesity. This might point towards a crucial role of chronotype and melatonin secretion as risk factors for the development of pediatric and adolescent obesity.
Opioid-blunted cortisol response to stress is associated with increased negative mood and wanting of social reward
Authors: Massaccesi Claudia , Willeit Matthaeus , Quednow Boris B. , Nater Urs M. , Lamm Claus , Müller Daniel , Silani Giorgia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimal research suggests a central role of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system in regulating affiliative behaviors and in mediating the stress-buffering function of social contact. However, the neurochemistry of stress-related social contact seeking in humans is still poorly understood. In a randomized, double-blind, between-subjects design, healthy female volunteers (N = 80) received either 10 mg of the µ-opioid agonist morphine sulfate, or a placebo. Following a standardized psychosocial stress induction, participants engaged in a social reward task, in which the motivation to obtain skin-to-skin social touch and the hedonic reactions elicited by such touch were assessed. Morphine prevented the increase of salivary cortisol typically observed following acute stress exposure. Notably, this altered HPA axis responsivity was associated with increased negative affect in response to psychosocial stress, and with enhanced subjective wanting of highly rewarding social contact. These findings provide novel evidence on the effect of exogenous opioids administration on the reactions to psychosocial stress and point to a state-dependent regulation of social motivation.
An ultrapotent RBD-targeted biparatopic nanobody neutralizes broad SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Chi Xiaojing , Zhang Xinhui , Pan Shengnan , Yu Yanying , Shi Yujin , Lin Tianli , Duan Huarui , Liu Xiuying , Chen Wenfang , Yang Xuehua , Chen Lan , Dong Xiaoqian , Ren Lili , Ding Qiang , Wang Jianwei , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe wide transmission and host adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 have led to the rapid accumulation of mutations, posing significant challenges to the effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Although several neutralizing antibodies were authorized for emergency clinical use, convalescent patients derived natural antibodies are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutation. Here, we describe the screen of a panel of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) targeted nanobodies (Nbs) from a synthetic library and the design of a biparatopic Nb, named Nb1–Nb2, with tight affinity and super-wide neutralization breadth against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Deep-mutational scanning experiments identify the potential binding epitopes of the Nbs on the RBD and demonstrate that biparatopic Nb1–Nb2 has a strong escape-resistant feature against more than 60 tested RBD amino acid substitutions. Using pseudovirion-based and trans-complementation SARS-CoV-2 tools, we determine that the Nb1–Nb2 broadly neutralizes multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants at sub-nanomolar levels, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Lambda (C.37), Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Mu (B.1.621). Furthermore, a heavy-chain antibody is constructed by fusing the human IgG1 Fc to Nb1–Nb2 (designated as Nb1–Nb2-Fc) to improve its neutralization potency, yield, stability, and potential half-life extension. For the new Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) that harbors unprecedented multiple RBD mutations, Nb1–Nb2-Fc keeps a firm affinity (KD < 1.0 × 10−12 M) and strong neutralizing activity (IC50 = 1.46 nM for authentic Omicron virus). Together, we developed a tetravalent biparatopic human heavy-chain antibody with ultrapotent and broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity which highlights the potential clinical applications.
The collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2, functions in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes to control bone development
Authors: Mohamed Fatma F. , Ge Chunxi , Cowling Randy T. , Lucas Daniel , Hallett Shawn A. , Ono Noriaki , Binrayes Abdul-Aziz , Greenberg Barry , Franceschi Renny T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiscoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a collagen-activated receptor kinase that, together with integrins, is required for cells to respond to the extracellular matrix. Ddr2 loss-of-function mutations in humans and mice cause severe defects in skeletal growth and development. However, the cellular functions of Ddr2 in bone are not understood. Expression and lineage analysis showed selective expression of Ddr2 at early stages of bone formation in the resting zone and proliferating chondrocytes and periosteum. Consistent with these findings, Ddr2+ cells could differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and showed a high degree of colocalization with the skeletal progenitor marker, Gli1. A conditional deletion approach showed a requirement for Ddr2 in Gli1-positive skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes but not mature osteoblasts. Furthermore, Ddr2 knockout in limb bud chondroprogenitors or purified marrow-derived skeletal progenitors inhibited chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation, respectively. This work establishes a cell-autonomous function for Ddr2 in skeletal progenitors and cartilage and emphasizes the critical role of this collagen receptor in bone development.
A diencephalic circuit in rats for opioid analgesia but not positive reinforcement
Authors: Waung Maggie W. , Maanum Kayla A. , Cirino Thomas J. , Driscoll Joseph R. , O’Brien Chris , Bryant Svetlana , Mansourian Kasra A. , Morales Marisela , Barker David J. , Margolis Elyssa B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are potent analgesics, but also cause sedation, respiratory depression, and addiction risk. The epithalamic lateral habenula (LHb) signals aversive states including pain, and here we found that it is a potent site for MOR-agonist analgesia-like responses in rats. Importantly, LHb MOR activation is not reinforcing in the absence of noxious input. The LHb receives excitatory inputs from multiple sites including the ventral tegmental area, lateral hypothalamus, entopeduncular nucleus, and the lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus (LPO). Here we report that LHb-projecting glutamatergic LPO neurons are excited by noxious stimulation and are preferentially inhibited by MOR selective agonists. Critically, optogenetic stimulation of LHb-projecting LPO neurons produces an aversive state that is relieved by LHb MOR activation, and optogenetic inhibition of LHb-projecting LPO neurons relieves the aversiveness of ongoing pain.