bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial omentectomy maybe practicable for T3 or shallower gastric cancer patients
Authors: Lin Qiaowei , Bai Qianming , Huang Qiuyi , Huang Yakai , Gao Jianpeng , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTotal omentectomy is often performed with gastrectomy as radical surgery for gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, it remains controversial whether GC patients can benefit from omentectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and clinical significance of tumor deposits (TDs) in different anatomical subregions of perigastric omentum in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy with total omentectomy.MethodsFrom October 2011 to December 2013, 1253 patients who underwent gastrectomy with total omentectomy for GC were retrospective reviewed. The TDs in different anatomical subregions of perigastric omentum were examined.ResultsOf 1253 patients, TDs positivity was 11.2%. Tumor deposits in the omentum of greater curvature and in the omentum of lesser curvature were associated with lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, advanced tumor node metastasis stages, and unfavorable survival. Besides, TDs in the proximal omentum of greater curvature and in the omentum of lesser curvature correlated with older patients and larger tumors. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with TDs had worser overall survival (OS) than those without, regardless of TD positions. Patients with TDs in the omentum of greater curvature had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with TDs in the omentum of lesser curvature and patients with no TDs. Tumor deposits in the proximal omentum of greater curvature was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Moreover, only patients classified as pT4 had TDs in the distal omentum of greater curvature.ConclusionsPatients with TDs in the omentum of greater curvature had the worst prognosis, followed by patients with TDs in the omentum of lesser curvature and patients with no TDs. In addition, partial omentectomy might be practicable for gastric cancer patients classified as T3 or shallower tumors.
Impact of the Local Environment of Amines on the Activity for CO2 Hydrogenation over Bifunctional Basic – Metallic Catalysts
Authors: Pazdera Jakub , Issayeva Dilara , Titus Juliane , Gläser. Roger , Deutschmann Olaf , Jentys Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBifunctional basic‐metallic catalysts proved to be efficient for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The activity of these catalysts depends on the cooperative interaction between the amine groups and metallic sites, which is a function of amine group density, Pd particle perimeter length and the geometric properties of support pores. The pore width has the highest effect on the activity, increasing the methanol yield by about half an order of magnitude. Confining the space leads to a three‐dimensional utilization of the available metal surface sites compared to a two‐dimensional distribution of the bifunctional sites in larger pores, where the metal particle diameter is the decisive factor for the catalytic properties.
Linear viskoelastisches Materialverhalten teilkristalliner Zwischenschichten
Authors: Schuster Miriam , Schneider Jens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEthylenvinylacetat (EVA)‐ und Ionoplastfolien finden immer mehr Anwendung in Verbundgläsern. Im Gegensatz zur Polyvinylbutyral‐Folie, besitzen EVA und Ionoplaste jedoch teilkristalline Bereiche, welche beim Erreichen der Schmelztemperatur schmelzen. Wird die Schmelze abgekühlt, so werden die Kristallite wieder gebildet. Der Schmelz‐ und der Kristallisationsprozess unterscheiden sich erheblich voneinander. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die teilkristalline Struktur am Beispiel einer Ionoplastfolie mithilfe von Differenzkalorimetrie‐Messungen bei verschiedenen Heiz‐ und Kühlraten. Mithilfe von Dynamisch‐Mechanisch‐Thermischen Analysen wird gezeigt, dass das viskoelastische Materialverhalten durch den Kristallisationsgrad beeinflusst wird.Linear viscoelastic material behaviour of semicrystalline interlayers.Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and ionoplastic interlayers are increasingly used in laminated glass. Unlike polyvinyl butyral based interlayers, however, EVA and ionoplastic interlayers have partially crystalline regions that melt when the melt temperature is reached. When the melt is cooled, the crystallites are formed again. The melting and crystallization processes differ considerably from each other. This article investigates the semi‐crystalline structure of an ionoplastic interlayer using differential calorimetry measurements at different heating and cooling rates. Using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, it is shown that the viscoelastic material behavior is influenced by the degree of crystallization.
Geländer Molecules with Orthogonal Joints: Synthesis of Macrocyclic Dimers
Authors: D'Addio Adriano , Malinčik Juraj , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Häussinger Daniel , Mayor Marcel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrthogonal joints, understood as connections with an angle of 90°, were introduced in the design of the “Geländer” model compounds 1 and 2. The banister, consisting of a conjugated carbazole dimer linked by either 1,3‐butadiyne (2) or a single thiophene (1), wraps around an axis composed of a phthalimide dimer due to the dimensional mismatch of both subunits, which are interconnected by phenylene rungs. The “Geländer” structure was assembled from a monomer comprising the 1,4‐diaminobenzene rung with one amino substituent as part of a 4‐bromo phthalimide subunit forming the orthogonal junction to the axis, and the other as part of a masked 2‐ethynyl carbazole as orthogonal joint to the banister. The macrocycle was obtained by two sequential homocoupling steps. A first dimerization by a reductive homocoupling assembled the axis, while an oxidative acetylene coupling served as ring‐closing reaction. The formed butadiyne was further derivatized to a thiophene, rendering all carbons of the model compound sp2 hybridized. Both helical structures were fully characterized and chirally resolved. Assignment of the enantiomers was achieved by simulation of chiroptical properties and enantiopure synthesis.
Enhancing Dual‐State Emission in Maleimide Fluorophores through Fluorocarbon Functionalisation
Authors: Pervez Maria , Pearce Amanda K. , Husband Jonathan T. , Male Louise , Torrent‐Sucarrat Miquel , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, a library of trifluoroethyl substituted aminomaleimide derivatives are reported with small size and enhanced emissions in both solution and solid‐state. A diCH2CF3 substituted aminochloromaleimide exhibits the most efficient dual‐state emission (Φf >50 % in solution and solid‐state), with reduced quenching from protic solvents. This is attributed to the reduction of electron density on the maleimide ring and suppressed π‐π stacking in the solid‐state. This mechanism was explored in‐depth by crystallographic analysis, and modelling of the electronic distribution of HOMO‐LUMO isosurfaces and NCI plots. Hence, these dual‐state dyes overcome the limitations of single‐state luminescence and will serve as an important step forward for this rapidly developing nascent field.
The effectiveness of microneedling technique using coconut and sesame oils on the severity of gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mostafa Diana , Alarawi Razan , AlHowitiy Salma , AlKathiri Norah , Alhussain Razan , Almohammadi Rola , Alhussain Rawan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn our research, we evaluated the effect of coconut and sesame oils using the microneedling technique on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation among patients with gingivitis by creating microholes in the gingiva to facilitate the concentration and entrance of the oils through gingival tissues.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four patients with clinically diagnosed plaque‐induced gingivitis were selected from Vision dental hospital, Riyadh, KSA, and assigned to one of three groups randomly; group A consisted of eight participants who were treated with dermapen and topical coconut oil, group B had eight participants who were treated with dermapen and topical sesame oil, and group C involved eight patients who received periodontal mechanical treatment only. Postintervention gingival status and plaque status for all participants were assessed using a modified average gingival index and a plaque index at Weeks 1, 2, and 4.ResultsGroups A and B experienced highly significant reductions in gingival indices, while group C showed reduced scores but was not significantly notable. On the contrary, the three studied groups exhibited no significant difference in the reduction of plaque indices when compared altogether.ConclusionOur study demonstrated an effective novel technique that revealed a noticeable improvement in gingival status and a reduction in the average gingival index and plaque index.
Genetic mapping of sugarcane aphid resistance in sorghum line SC112‐14
Authors: Cuevas Hugo E. , Knoll Joseph E. , Harris‐Shultz Karen R. , Punnuri Somashekhar M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSugarcane aphid [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] is a destructive pest that has had an economic effect on sorghum in North America since 2013. The identification, development, and use of resistant sorghum germplasm is the most feasible strategy to control the pest. Nevertheless, the genetic control of sugarcane aphid (SCA) resistance is unknown for most sorghum resistant lines. To identify the genetic regions that confer SCA resistance in sorghum line SC112‐14, 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived by its cross with the susceptible line PI 609251 were evaluated for their SCA resistance response in Georgia during two consecutive years. The resistance response was determined based on two ratings (2 wk apart) for aphid population size (APS) and aphid‐induced plant damage (APD) each year. Segregation for SCA resistance was observed for the first APS and both APD ratings, and the broad‐sense heritability estimate ranged from .71 to .76, respectively. A quantitative trait locus analysis using a high‐density linkage map of 3,852 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected an 81‐kb genomic region on chromosome 6 that explained 50–55% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative mapping analysis found that the resistance locus in SC112‐14 is located 8‐ and 10‐cM upstream of the Henong 16 (RMES1) and Tx2783 resistance loci, respectively, and encloses the SNP Sbv3.1_06_2316351 associated in Haitian resistant lines. Therefore, the line SC112‐14 is an additional SCA resistance source that can be combined or strategically used with other resistance sources to assure a more robust host plant resistance to the SCA.
FBXW24 controls female meiotic prophase progression by regulating SYCP3 ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Yang , Gao Wen‐Yi , Wang Li‐Li , Wang Ruo‐Lei , Yang Zhi‐Xia , Luo Fu‐Qiang , He Yu‐Hao , Wang Zi‐Bin , Wang Fu‐Qiang , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Li Jing , Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAn impeccable female meiotic prophase is critical for producing a high‐quality oocyte and, ultimately, a healthy newborn. SYCP3 is a key component of the synaptonemal complex regulating meiotic homologous recombination. However, what regulates SYCP3 stability is unknown.MethodsFertility assays, follicle counting, meiotic prophase stage (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene) analysis and live imaging were employed to examine how FBXW24 knockout (KO) affect female fertility, follicle reserve, oocyte quality, meiotic prophase progression of female germ cells, and meiosis of oocytes. Western blot and immunostaining were used to examined the levels & signals (intensity, foci) of SYCP3 and multiple key DSB indicators & repair proteins (γH2AX, RPA2, p‐CHK2, RAD51, MLH1, HORMAD1, TRIP13) after FBXW24 KO. Co‐IP and immuno‐EM were used to examined the interaction between FBXW24 and SYCP3; Mass spec was used to characterize the ubiquitination sites in SYCP3; In vivo & in vitro ubiquitination assays were utilized to determine the key sites in SYCP3 & FBXW24 for ubiquitination.ResultsFbxw24‐knockout (KO) female mice were infertile due to massive oocyte death upon meiosis entry. Fbxw24‐KO oocytes were defective due to elevated DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and inseparable homologous chromosomes. Fbxw24‐KO germ cells showed increased SYCP3 levels, delayed prophase progression, increased DSBs, and decreased crossover foci. Next, we found that FBXW24 directly binds and ubiquitinates SYCP3 to regulate its stability. In addition, several key residues important for SYCP3 ubiquitination and FBXW24 ubiquitinating activity were characterized.ConclusionsWe proposed that FBXW24 regulates the timely degradation of SYCP3 to ensure normal crossover and DSB repair during pachytene. FBXW24‐KO delayed SYCP3 degradation and DSB repair from pachytene until metaphase II (MII), ultimately causing failure in oocyte maturation, oocyte death, and infertility.
Polyadenylation ligation‐mediated sequencing (PALM‐Seq) characterizes cell‐free coding and non‐coding RNAs in human biofluids
Authors: Liu Zhongzhen , Wang Taifu , Yang Xi , Zhou Qing , Zhu Sujun , Zeng Juan , Chen Haixiao , Sun Jinghua , Li Liqiang , Xu Jinjin , Geng Chunyu , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Zhu Shida , Chen Fang , Wang Wen‐Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCell‐free messenger RNA (cf‐mRNA) and long non‐coding RNA (cf‐lncRNA) are becoming increasingly important in liquid biopsy by providing biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, but the simultaneous characterization of coding and non‐coding RNAs in human biofluids remains challenging.MethodsHere, we developed polyadenylation ligation‐mediated sequencing (PALM‐Seq), an RNA sequencing strategy employing treatment of RNA with T4 polynucleotide kinase to generate cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) fragments with 5′ phosphate and 3′ hydroxyl and RNase H to deplete abundant RNAs, achieving simultaneous quantification and characterization of cfRNAs.ResultsUsing PALM‐Seq, we successfully identified well‐known differentially abundant mRNA, lncRNA and microRNA in the blood plasma of pregnant women. We further characterized cfRNAs in blood plasma, saliva, urine, seminal plasma and amniotic fluid and found that the detected numbers of different RNA biotypes varied with body fluids. The profiles of cf‐mRNA reflected the function of originated tissues, and immune cells significantly contributed RNA to blood plasma and saliva. Short fragments (<50 nt) of mRNA and lncRNA were major in biofluids, whereas seminal plasma and amniotic fluid tended to retain long RNA. Body fluids showed distinct preferences of pyrimidine at the 3′ end and adenine at the 5′ end of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, which were correlated with the proportions of short fragments.ConclusionTogether, PALM‐Seq enables a simultaneous characterization of cf‐mRNA and cf‐lncRNA, contributing to elucidating the biology and promoting the application of cfRNAs.
Quota‐based routing and buffer management with heuristic strategies in opportunistic ad hoc networks
Authors: Mir Mohd Yaseen , Hu Chih‐Lin 
Published: July 2022

SummaryOpportunistic ad hoc networks (OppNets) are characterized by intermittent and infrastructure‐less connectivity among mobile nodes with limited internode communication and buffer space. Without persistent end‐to‐end routing information, replication‐based routing techniques are often used to distribute duplicate messages in OppNets, which unfortunately leads to enormous costs of transmission, storage, and energy resources. Prior replication‐based routing schemes were mainly based on several premises, for example, the availability of global network knowledge, unlimited bandwidth capacity, and homogeneous contact patterns. In this paper, we propose a quota‐based routing scheme with finite buffer management, named QRBP, regardless of these weak premises. The QRBP scheme comprises two essential functions. First, only a portion of nodes with higher mobility are delegated to carry a certain quota of message replicas and disseminate those messages to nodes with lower mobility. The message traffic can be evenly diverted to relay nodes, which reduces the transmission overhead in the network. Second, nodes can manipulate message scheduling and dropping to improve the successful delivery rate according to heuristic strategies based on several measures of the quota value, remaining time‐to‐live, and contact rate with the destination. Furthermore, our study conducts extensive simulations under both synthetic and real mobility scenarios. In terms of transmission overhead ratio and successful delivery rate, the QRBP scheme performs better than Epidemic, Spray and Wait, and Temporal Closeness and Centrality‐Based (TCCB) routing schemes, as well as common buffer management policies like Drop Oldest, Drop Newest, Drop Random, and Space‐Time Drop.
Detangling ecosystem services: Open‐field manipulation of soil‐dwelling microarthropods provides new opportunities to investigate their effects on nitrogen cycling
Authors: Gergócs Veronika , Flórián Norbert , Tóth Zsolt , Sipőcz László , Dombos Miklós 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Soil microarthropods have a pivotal role in soil nitrogen cycling in that they affect microbial decomposers. A high abundance of microarthropods may increase the mobility of inorganic nitrogen ions in the soil, mainly in nitrogen‐limited habitats. However, it is difficult to study ecological processes with small‐sized, soil‐dwelling arthropods. The effects of soil microarthropods on nitrogen cycling have mainly been studied in laboratory microcosm experiments. Therefore, we face many practical issues in investigating these effects under field conditions that remain to be resolved.

We developed an open‐field mesocosm setup with growing plants. In a two‐part experiment, spring wheat and grass species were grown in chernozem and sandy soils. Leached ammonium and nitrate ions were measured with percolation lysimeters. Half of the mesocosms included natural assemblages, and the other half included less abundant Acari and Collembola assemblages. The application of nitrogen fertilization assured differences in nitrogen sources.

We found a large difference in ammonium and nitrate leaching between the two soil types. In chernozem soil, the leached ion concentrations were higher in mesocosms with more abundant mite and springtail assemblages. The expected patterns were less pronounced in sandy soil. Adding nitrogen fertilizer did not modify the effects of soil microarthropods.

Open‐field mesocosms are promising for studying the role of soil‐dwelling mesofauna in ecological processes. We solved the problem of keeping mesofauna abundance lower in treated plots than that in control plots. Plants successfully grew in our semi‐closed systems with functioning percolation lysimeters. The use of the equipment in the experiments in this study helped reveal that the role of soil‐dwelling microarthropods in nitrogen cycling depends on the soil type and not on the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Relocated beaver can increase water storage and decrease stream temperature in headwater streams
Authors: Dittbrenner Benjamin J. , Schilling Jason W. , Torgersen Christian E. , Lawler Joshua J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany areas are experiencing increasing stream temperatures due to climate change, and some are experiencing reduced summer stream flows and water availability. Because dam building and pond formation by beaver can increase water storage, stream cooling, and riparian ecosystem resilience, beaver have been proposed as a potential climate adaption tool. Despite the large number of studies that have evaluated how beaver activity may affect hydrology and water temperature, few experimental studies have quantified these outcomes following beaver relocation. We evaluated changes in temperature and water storage following the relocation of 69 beaver into 13 headwater stream reaches of the Skykomish River watershed within the Snohomish River basin, Washington, USA. We evaluated how beaver dams affected surface and groundwater storage and stream temperature. Successful relocations created 243 m3of surface water storage per 100 m of stream in the first year following relocation. Dams raised water table elevations by up to 0.33 m and stored approximately 2.4 times as much groundwater as surface water per relocation reach. Stream reaches downstream of dams exhibited an average decrease of 2.3°C during summer base‐flow conditions. We also assessed how dam age, condition, maintenance frequency, and pond morphology influenced stream temperature at naturally colonized wetland complexes. Our findings demonstrate that dam building can increase water storage and reduce stream temperatures in the first year following successful beaver relocation. Fluvial and floodplain morphology of candidate reaches for relocation is an important consideration because it determines the type and magnitude of response. Relocation to reaches with existing small, abandoned ponds may address thermal criteria by conversion from warming to cooling reaches, whereas relocation within large, abandoned complexes or vacant habitat may result in greater water storage. Although beaver relocation can be an effective climate adaptation strategy to retain more stable hydrologic regimes and water quality in our study area, there appear to be regionally specific environmental and geomorphic factors that influence how beaver affect water storage and temperature. More research is needed to investigate how and why these regional differences affect water storage and stream temperature response in beaver‐influenced systems.
Could foxes be surrogate seed dispersers of a megafaunal fruit vine in southern South America?
Authors: Muñoz‐Concha Diego , Mundaca Enrique , Alarcón Diego , Machuca Juan , Crisol‐Martínez Eduardo , Loayza Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants that bear oversized fruits, but do not co‐occur with present‐day large‐bodied frugivores to disperse their seeds, are considered to represent seed dispersal anachronisms. It is hypothesized that these plants were originally dispersed by the megafauna that became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. Accordingly, many plant species in South America bearing the so‐called megafaunal fruits occur in ecosystems lacking native modern megafauna. In Chile, Lardizabala biternata is an endemic vine that produces a large edible fruit, with a morphology suggesting a megafaunal seed dispersal syndrome. This species grows across the Chilean Winter Rainfall‐Valdivian Forests and has a rather wide distribution, along which there are currently no large native vertebrates that could ingest its fruits and disperse the seeds. We hypothesized that foxes may be its present‐day surrogate dispersers, because they are the only remnant mesofauna across L. biternata's range that include fruits in their diet. We collected fox scats periodically for 1 year and analyzed their contents, which revealed the presence of intact L. biternata seeds. These results suggest that foxes may be acting as present‐day dispersers of this vine; however, it is unknown whether they provide effective dispersal. Our findings stress the fragmentary state of the knowledge of ecological interactions among species in Chilean ecosystems, opening new perspectives in terms of the role of terrestrial fauna in maintaining ecosystem functions.