bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Heterogeneity of Diabetics Mellitus Based on the Demographical and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Islam Linta , Islam Md Rafiqul , Akter Shanjita , Hasan Md Zobaer , Moni Mohammad Ali , Uddin Mohammed Nasir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is a long-term disease, which is characterised by high blood sugar and has risen as a public health problem worldwide. It may prompt a variety of serious illnesses, including stroke, kidney failure, and heart attacks. In 2014, diabetes affected approximately 422 million people worldwide and it is expected to hit 642 million people in 2040. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of demographical and clinical characteristics for diabetics disease in Bangladesh.

Methods:
This study employs the quantitative approach for data analysis. First, we analyse differences in variables between diabetic patients and controls by independent two-sample t-test for continuous variables and Pearson Chi-square test for categorical variables. Then, logistic regression (LR) identifies the risk factors for diabetes disease based on the odds ratio (OR) and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR).

Results:
The results of the t-test and Chi square test identify that the factors: residence, wealth index, education, working status, smoking status, arm circumference, weight and BMI group show statistically (p < 0.05) significant differences between the diabetic group and the control group. And, LR model demonstrates that 2 factors (“working status” and “smoking status”) out of 13 are the significant risk factors for diabetes disease in Bangladesh.

Conclusions:
We believe that our analysis can help the government to take proper preparation to tackle the potentially unprecedented situations in Bangladesh.
CEOs' managerial cognition and dynamic capabilities: a meta-analytical study from the microfoundations approach
Authors: Durán William Fernando , Aguado David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrofoundations allow the unpacking of processes by which dynamic capabilities are created. Along this line, managerial cognition has been proposed as a variable related to the dynamic capabilities. However, the high number of cognitive variables reported hinders the theoretical contributions. Thus, this study classifies the managerial cognitive variables of chief executive officers (CEOs) into three types of dynamic managerial capabilities: (1) managerial sensing, (2) managerial seizing, and (3) managerial reconfiguration. We estimate the correlation of these managerial capabilities with firms' dynamic capabilities. We use a three-level random effects model to synthesize 101 correlations reported from 2007 to 2021, representing 6,153 CEOs around the world. This meta-analysis reveals a positive relationship between CEOs' managerial cognition and dynamic capabilities, especially with respect to those cognitive variables that support managerial sensing as the perception of opportunities and entrepreneurial alertness.
Influence of Quaternary glaciations on subsurface temperatures, pore pressures, rock properties and petroleum systems in the onshore northeastern Netherlands
Authors: Amberg Sebastian , Sachse Victoria , Littke Ralf , Back Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPleistocene glacial stages were implemented into a 3D basin and petroleum systems model of the northeastern Netherlands to address the influence of low surface temperatures and the mechanical loading of ice sheets on the subsurface. Two ice sheet thickness scenarios were used based on published data. Overall, Quaternary glacial stages have a substantial impact on the temperature and pressure distribution in the subsurface. Subsurface temperatures are significantly reduced during glacial stages, leading to lowered present-day temperatures and a low geothermal gradient in the shallow subsurface. In deeply buried sedimentary formations, pressures build up with every glacial advance resulting in overpressures at the present day. Glacial stages do not directly influence the petroleum generation of petroleum source rocks in the area, but high pressures during loading might have impacted petroleum expulsion of the early mature Coevorden Formation. Hydrocarbon accumulations in the Lower Saxony Basin were simulated to investigate the possible effects of mechanical ice loading and unloading on hydrocarbon migration. A loss of Coevorden Formation-sourced hydrocarbons to the surface was calculated in the Lower Saxony Basin during the glacial stages, indicating an influence of glacial loading on the Mesozoic petroleum system.
RECENT PROGRESS IN ATMOSPHERIC FOSSIL FUEL CO2 TRENDS TRACED BY RADIOCARBON IN CHINA
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Niu Zhenchuan , Wu Shugang , Xiong Xiaohu , Wang Peng , Cheng Peng , Hou Yaoyao , Du Hua , Chen Ning , Lu Xuefeng 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIt is important to know how much of the increased atmospheric CO2 is derived from fossil fuel emissions. Here, we review the progress in atmospheric fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) tracing over recent years by measurement of Δ14C in Chinese cities. In this paper we make progress by expanding the analysis from some locations to more regional views, by combining observations with modeling, and by making a preliminary comparison of observation-derived CO2ff with inventory-derived CO2ff. We have obtained a general picture of Chinese urban CO2ff and characteristics of its spatio-temporal variations at different scale, and identified the corresponding influencing factors. Interestingly, we found that the weekend effect of CO2ff was less evident in Chinese cities. In addition, we observed simultaneous variations in CO2ff and PM2.5 in a winter haze event in Beijing and a simultaneous decrease in annual averages of CO2ff and PM2.5 in Xi’an based on multi-year (2011–2016) Δ14CO2 monitoring. We found that local coal combustion was the main source of CO2ff in Xi’an, which is located in the Guanzhong basin, by applying a WRF-Chem model and looking at δ13C signatures. Thus, reduction of coal consumption is a crucial target for carbon emissions reduction in China.
Financial Support to Apartheid: Outstanding Debts
Authors: Bohoslavsky Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis case note presents the arguments made in the amicus curiae brief submitted by the UN independent expert on debt and human rights to the OECD National Contact Point in the case brought in 2018 by Open Secrets and the Centre for Applied Legal Studies concerning the alleged complicit conduct of two banks during apartheid in South Africa. It also outlines the developments in this legal case and comments on why apartheid victims’ claims against financial accomplices are now more compelling than ever.
Objective measures of reward sensitivity and motivation in people with high v. low anhedonia
Authors: Slaney Chloe , Perkins Adam M. , Davis Robert , Penton-Voak Ian , Munafò Marcus R. , Houghton Conor J. , Robinson Emma S. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia – a diminished interest or pleasure in activities – is a core self-reported symptom of depression which is poorly understood and often resistant to conventional antidepressants. This symptom may occur due to dysfunction in one or more sub-components of reward processing: motivation, consummatory experience and/or learning. However, the precise impairments remain elusive. Dissociating these components (ideally, using cross-species measures) and relating them to the subjective experience of anhedonia is critical as it may benefit fundamental biology research and novel drug development.MethodsUsing a battery of behavioural tasks based on rodent assays, we examined reward motivation (Joystick-Operated Runway Task, JORT; and Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task, EEfRT) and reward sensitivity (Sweet Taste Test) in a non-clinical population who scored high (N = 32) or low (N = 34) on an anhedonia questionnaire (Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale).ResultsCompared to the low anhedonia group, the high anhedonia group displayed marginal impairments in effort-based decision-making (EEfRT) and reduced reward sensitivity (Sweet Taste Test). However, we found no evidence of a difference between groups in physical effort exerted for reward (JORT). Interestingly, whilst the EEfRT and Sweet Taste Test correlated with anhedonia measures, they did not correlate with each other. This poses the question of whether there are subgroups within anhedonia; however, further work is required to directly test this hypothesis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that anhedonia is a heterogeneous symptom associated with impairments in reward sensitivity and effort-based decision-making.
‘Excited Delirium’, acute behavioural disturbance, death and diagnosis
Authors: McGuinness Terry , Lipsedge Maurice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the 1980s the traditional Hippocratic term excited delirium was transplanted from the bedsides of febrile, agitated and disoriented patients to the streets of Miami. Deaths in custody of young men who were intoxicated with cocaine and who were restrained by the police because of their erratic or violent behaviour were attributed to excited delirium. The blood concentrations of cocaine in these subjects were approximately ten times lower than the lethal level and other factors which might have contributed to the fatal outcome, such as the police use of neck-holds, choke-holds or ‘hog-tying’, were relegated to a minor role compared with the reframed ‘diagnosis’ of excited delirium. Over the course of the next few decades ‘excited delirium’ might be applied to virtually any highly agitated person behaving violently in a public place and who subsequently died in custody while being restrained or shortly afterwards. Expert witnesses, mainly forensic pathologists, testified that the deceased's death was probably inevitable given the perilous nature of excited delirium, even though this diagnostic entity lacked any consistent neuropathological basis and depended entirely on observed behaviour. This history of the rise and fall of this disputed diagnosis is a partial response to the sociologist Phil Brown's 1995 paper asking who benefits, or at least avoids trouble, by the identification and use of a diagnosis.
Robust stereo visual odometry: A comparison of random sample consensus algorithms based on three major hypothesis generators
Authors: Guo Guangzhi , Dai Zuoxiao , Dai Yuanfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlmost all robust stereo visual odometry work uses the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm for model estimation with the existence of noise and outliers. To date, there have been few comparative studies to evaluate the performance of RANSAC algorithms based on different hypothesis generators. In this work, we analyse and compare three popular and efficient RANSAC schemes. They mainly differ in using the two-dimensional (2-D) data points measured directly and the three-dimensional (3-D) data points inferred through triangulation. This comparison presents several quantitative experiments intended for comparing the accuracy, robustness and efficiency of each scheme under varying levels of noise and different percentages of outlier conditions. The results suggest that in the presence of noise and outliers, the perspective-three-point RANSAC provides more accurate and robust pose estimates. However, in the absence of noise, the iterative closest point RANSAC obtains better results regardless of the percentage of outliers. Efficiency, in terms of the number of RANSAC iterations, is found in that the relative speed of the perspective-three-point RANSAC becomes superior under low noise levels and low percentages of outlier conditions. Otherwise, the iterative closest-point RANSAC may be computationally more efficient.
The Terra Nullius of Intellectual Property
Authors: Hilberg Eva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current debate over the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines once again highlights the many shortcomings of the modern intellectual property (IP) system, especially when it comes to equitable access to medicines. This essay argues that the (unspoken) conceptual center of struggles over access to new pharmaceuticals rests in the IP system's colonial legacy, which perceives the world as uncharted territory that is ripe for discovery and ownership. This vision of the world as a blank canvas, or terra nullius, sets aside any other models of ownership and devalues other traditional modes of relating to territory and nature. Several examples show the long-lasting exclusionary effects of this hidden legacy of colonial conquest in the field of public health, ranging from the spiraling price of insulin to the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to the negotiation of sharing mechanisms for virus samples. In all of these cases, the continuing marginalization of other interests by the IP system can lead to exploitation, without either the “sources” of materials, such as those from whom the samples were taken, or the recipients of the eventual product having any say in matters of price and access. This legacy of fundamental exclusion needs to be recognized and addressed in order to arrive at more equitable solutions to public health emergencies such as the current pandemic.
Soil Amended With Organic Matter Increases Fluvial Erosion Resistance of Cohesive Streambank Soil
Authors: Smith D. J. , Snead M. , Thompson T. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFluvial erosion of cohesive soil is mediated by interactions between soil physical, biological, and chemical characteristics such as soil aggregate stability and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). While labile organic matter (OM) stimulates microbial EPS production and significantly improves soil aggregate stability in agricultural soils, these interactions remain unexplored in streambank soils. The study goal was to quantify the impact of OM on aggregate stability, EPS, and fluvial erosion rates of cohesive streambank soil. Increasing amounts of 1‐mm sieved dry grass were incorporated at rates of 0, 1, and 4 g per 100 g of 2‐mm sieved silt‐loam soil (treatments T0, T1, and T4, respectively). Samples (eight replicates per treatment) were matured in a greenhouse for 50 days prior to flume erosion testing. EPS carbohydrates were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in T1 (324 ± 63 μg/g) compared to T0 (388 ± 37 μg/g) and T4 (376 ± 44 μg/g). EPS proteins were significantly higher in T1 (194 ± 15 μg/g) and T4 (223 ± 61 μg/g) compared to T0 (101 ± 20 μg/g) and positively correlated with mean weight diameter (MWD), a measure of soil stability against slaking. MWD was 16% and over 100% higher for T1 and T4, respectively, than for T0. Similarly, the average soil erodibility coefficient of T1 and T4 was 25% and 61% lower than the erodibility of T0; however, only the reduction for T4 was significant. The data presented here underscore the important role labile OM plays in improving soil physical stability and increasing the resistance of cohesive soil to fluvial erosion of streambanks.
A Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized Stacked Microstrip Antenna With Parasitic Elements
Authors: Wang Lei , Fang Laiwang , Zhang Xiaolong , Chi Yuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA compact broadband circularly polarized (CP) stacked microstrip antenna (SMPA) is proposed in this study. The CP SMPA is composed with a square‐loop sequential phasing feeding structure, two pairs of rectangular patches with different sizes, and two square patches as parasitic elements. For obtaining more CP resonant points, rectangular and square patches are etched on the upper and lower layers of two different substrates through a capacitively coupled connection. Utilizing CP resonant points produced by these parasitic elements, the bandwidth of CP SMPA is broadened. The designed CP SMPA has a wide 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of 19.6% (5.06–6.16 GHz, centered at 5.61 GHz), and a broad 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 18% (5.05–6.05 GHz, centered at 5.55 GHz). The designed antenna features a circularly polarized bandwidth which could cover wireless local‐area network (5.725–5.85 GHz), intelligent transportation systems (5.8 GHz) and (5.85–5.925 GHz) band.
Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring With ROTI From Geodetic Receiver: Limitations and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Li Wei , Song Shuli , Jin Xulei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBy comparing amplitude scintillation index S4 from scintillation receivers and Rate of change of Total electron content Index (ROTI) from nearby geodetic receivers in low latitude region of China during year 2015, this work summarized the limitations of ROTI in indicating ionospheric scintillation and quantitatively evaluated the performance/reliability of ROTI in monitoring ionospheric scintillation in low latitude region. The results indicate that the correlation between ROTI and S4 is lower (higher) when scintillation occurs at lower (higher) satellite elevation angle. Erroneous cycle slips and longer ROTI calculation time interval degrade the integrity of ROTI calculated from 30‐s sampling interval data (abbreviated as 30s‐ROTI). ROTI calculated from 1‐s sampling interval data (abbreviated as 1s‐ROTI) has better integrity (90%) than that of 30s‐ROTI (60%). In addition, we propose a reasonable threshold of 0.25 m for cycle slip detection for the 30‐s cadence observation data to avoid misjudging a large ionospheric variation as a cycle slip and further improve on the integrity of 30s‐ROTI. The deviation of ROTI from S4 decreases the reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation as well as the correlation between ROTI and S4. The reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of scintillation can reach 80% and 88% for 30s ROTI and 1s‐ROTI, respectively. The deviation causes 60% of the correlations between 30s‐ROTI and S4 drop by 0.15 ∼ 0.2 and causes more than 66% of the correlations between 1s‐ROTI and S4 drop by 0.15 ∼ 0.2. These results establish an important reference concerning the reliability of ROTI in indicating the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation.
Properties of Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Transport
Authors: Beyene F. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Artemyev A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMagnetospheric convection, the transport of magnetic flux, along with mass, and energy, plays a vital role in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and ring‐current energization. It is particularly intense during magnetic storms, a mode of circulation driven by prolonged and strong solar wind driving. A large body of work has quantified the evolution of flux circulation during nonstorm times, in particular during substorms and steady magnetospheric convection events (SMCs). However, transport during storms has not been duly characterized. Using magnetotail flux observations we explore storm‐time modes of convection and compare them to their nonstorm‐time counterparts. We find that storm‐time convection often encompasses loading‐unloading periods (akin to substorms) and SMCs (akin to those during nonstorm times). However, loading‐unloading events and SMCs are present during only 25% and 21% (respectively) of the (95) storms examined. We also investigate the solar wind conditions during these modes for storm versus nonstorm times. We find that these modes have characteristic profiles in AE, solar wind driving, and open flux content during storms that are similar to their nonstorm‐time counterparts, but larger in magnitude. Therefore, these convection modes occur during storm and nonstorm periods alike, and in particular they are not required for a storm to progress. Thus, what makes storms special, their intense ring current, is likely not attributable to the (un)steadiness of flux circulation, but to the prolonged and intense background flux circulation within which these modes are embedded, and hence to the ultimate strength of the solar wind driver.
Wind Effects on Near‐ and Midfield Mixing in Tidally Pulsed River Plumes
Authors: Spicer Preston , Cole Kelly L. , Huguenard Kimberly , MacDonald Daniel G. , Whitney Michael M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRiver plumes transport and mix land‐based tracers into the ocean. In tidally pulsed river plumes, wind effects have long been considered negligible in modulating interfacial mixing in the energetic nearfield region. This research tests the influence of variable, realistic winds on mixing in the interior plume. A numerical model of the Merrimack River plume‐shelf system is utilized, with an application of the salinity variance approach employed to identify spatial and temporal variation in advection, straining, and dissipation (mixing) of vertical salinity variance (stratification). Results indicate that moderate wind stresses (∼0.5 Pa) with a northward component countering the downcoast rotation of the plume are most effective at decreasing stratification in the domain relative to other wind conditions. Northward winds advect plume and ambient shelf stratification offshore, allowing shelf water salinity to increase in the nearshore, which strengthens the density gradient at the plume base. Straining in the plume increases with winds enhancing offshore‐directed surface velocities, leading to increased shear at the plume base. Increased straining and larger density gradients at the plume base enhance variance dissipation in the near‐ and midfield plume, and dissipation remains enhanced if the shelf is clear of residual stratification. The smaller spatial and temporal scales of the Merrimack plume allow the mechanisms to occur at tidal time scales in direct response to instantaneous winds. This is the first study to show tidal time scale wind‐induced straining and advection as controlling factors on near‐ and midfield mixing rates in river plumes under realistic winds.
The optimized core peptide derived from CABIN1 efficiently inhibits calcineurin-mediated T-cell activation
Authors: Lee Sangho , Lee Han-Teo , Kim Young Ah , Lee Il-Hwan , Kang Seong-Jun , Sim Kyeongpyo , Park Chung-Gyu , Choi Kyungho , Youn Hong-Duk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe C-terminal fragment of CABIN1 interacts with calcineurin and represses the transcriptional activity of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). However, the specific sequences and mechanisms through which it binds to calcineurin are unclear. This study determined that decameric peptide (CABIN1 residues 2146–2155) is minimally required for binding to calcineurin. This peptide contains a unique “PPTP” C-terminal sequence and a “PxIxIT” N-terminal motif. Furthermore, p38MAPK phosphorylated the threonine residue of the “PPTP” sequence under physiological conditions, dramatically enhancing the peptide’s binding affinity to calcineurin. Therefore, the CABIN1 peptide inhibited the calcineurin-NFAT pathway and the activation of T cells more efficiently than the VIVIT peptide without affecting calcineurin’s phosphatase activity. The CABIN1 peptide could thus be a more potent calcineurin inhibitor and provide therapeutic opportunities for various diseases caused by the calcineurin-NFAT pathway.
Ideal nodal rings of one-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible region
Authors: Deng Wei-Min , Chen Ze-Ming , Li Meng-Yu , Guo Chao-Heng , Tian Zhong-Tao , Sun Ke-Xin , Chen Xiao-Dong , Chen Wen-Jie , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) artificial metacrystals host rich topological phases, such as Weyl points, nodal rings, and 3D photonic topological insulators. These topological states enable a wide range of applications, including 3D robust waveguides, one-way fiber, and negative refraction of the surface wave. However, these carefully designed metacrystals are usually very complex, hindering their extension to nanoscale photonic systems. Here, we theoretically proposed and experimentally realized an ideal nodal ring in the visible region using a simple 1D photonic crystal. The π-Berry phase around the ring is manifested by a 2π reflection phase’s winding and the resultant drumhead surface states. By breaking the inversion symmetry, the nodal ring can be gapped and the π-Berry phase would diffuse into a toroidal-shaped Berry flux, resulting in photonic ridge states (the 3D extension of quantum valley Hall states). Our results provide a simple and feasible platform for exploring 3D topological physics and its potential applications in nanophotonics.