bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Política externa da UE para o leste pós-Guerra Fria: mudanças de rota no contexto da invasão da Ucrânia | EU foreign policy for the post-Cold War east: Route changes in the context of the invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Tostes Ana Paula Balthazar 
Published: December 2022

A arquitetura institucional da UE gerou uma envergadura de actorness no contexto global (Hettne; Söderbaum, 2005) e levou a investimentos em políticas de vizinhança, para expandir seus valores e princípios comunitários no seu entorno (Lucarelli; Manners, 2006). Desde o alargamento da União para o leste, foram lançadas a Política Europeia de Vizinhança e a Parceria Oriental, como orientações pragmáticas de sua política externa para a região de disputa de influência com a Rússia desde o fim da Guerra Fria. O artigo busca contribuir com uma análise deste cenário de contendas e interdependência, em que condições de tolerância sustentam “conflitos congelados” (Coyle 2019; European Parliament, 2016) na região. Especialmente, o caso da Ucrânia oferece instrumentos de análise sobre arranjos e colapso de negociações baseadas em tensões e interesses alinhados aos diferentes projetos políticos representados pela Rússia e UE, e busca oferecer elementos históricos e políticos para o exame sobre condicionantes e desdobramentos da guerra.Palavras-chave: Política Externa da UE; Crise na Ucrânia; conflito congelado.ABSTRACTThe institutional architecture of the EU has generated a scale of actorness in the global context (Hettne; Söderbaum, 2005) and has led to investments in neighborhood policies to expand its community values and principles in its surroundings (Lucarelli; Manners, 2006). Since the enlargement of the Union to the east, the European Neighborhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership were launched, as pragmatic guidelines of its foreign policy for the region of Influence dispute with Russia since the end of the Cold War. The article seeks to contribute to an analysis of this scenario of disputes and interdependence, in which conditions of tolerance sustain “frozen conflicts” (Coyle 2019; European Parliament, 2016) in the region. In particular, the case of Ukraine offers tools for analyzing the arrangements and collapse of negotiations based on tensions and interests aligned with the different political projects represented by Russia and the EU, and seeks to offer historical and political elements for the examination of the constraints and unfolding of the war. Keywords: EU Foreign Policy; Crisis in Ukraine; frozen conflict. Recebido em: 31 mai. 2022 | Aceito em: 29 nov. 2022.
Lung Nodule and Pulmonary Fibrosis at First Evaluation in Smoker Undergoing a Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Pezzuto Aldo , Tammaro Antonella , Salerno Gerardo , Borro Marina , Carico Elisabetta 
Published: December 2022

Smoking is the most significant avoidable risk factor. Responsible for a wide range of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and acute or chronic respiratory diseases.
It is frequently associated with interstitial pulmonary diseases and notably, it can be a cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
In this report, lung nodules and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were presented in a heavy smoker.
Leg length discrepancy assessment in total hip arthroplasty: is a pelvic radiograph sufficient?
Authors: Hardwick-Morris Max , Wigmore Estelle , Twiggs Joshua , Miles Brad , Jones Christopher W. , Yates Piers J. 
Published: December 2022

Aims Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common pre- and postoperative issue in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The conventional technique for measuring LLD has historically been on a non-weightbearing anteroposterior pelvic radiograph; however, this does not capture many potential sources of LLD. The aim of this study was to determine if long-limb EOS radiology can provide a more reproducible and holistic measurement of LLD. Methods In all, 93 patients who underwent a THA received a standardized preoperative EOS scan, anteroposterior (AP) radiograph, and clinical LLD assessment. Overall, 13 measurements were taken along both anatomical and functional axes and measured twice by an orthopaedic fellow and surgical planning engineer to calculate intraoperator reproducibility and correlations between measurements. Results Strong correlations were observed for all EOS measurements (rs > 0.9). The strongest correlation with AP radiograph (inter-teardrop line) was observed for functional-ASIS-to-floor (functional) (rs = 0.57), much weaker than the correlations between EOS measurements. ASIS-to-ankle measurements exhibited a high correlation to other linear measurements and the highest ICC (rs = 0.97). Using anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)-to-ankle, 33% of patients had an absolute LLD of greater than 10 mm, which was statistically different from the inter-teardrop LLD measurement (p < 0.005). Discussion We found that the conventional measurement of LLD on AP pelvic radiograph does not correlate well with long leg measurements and may not provide a true appreciation of LLD. ASIS-to-ankle demonstrated improved detection of potential LLD than other EOS and radiograph measurements. Full length, functional imaging methods may become the new gold standard to measure LLD. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(12):960–968.
In situ, back-focal-plane-based determination of the numerical apertures in optical microscopes
Authors: Krüger Jan , Bergmann Detlef , Köning Rainer , Bodermann Bernd , Manske Eberhard 
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, we present a technique for in situ determination of the numerical apertures (NAs) of optical microscopes using calibrated diffraction gratings. Many commonly practiced procedures use an external setup to determine the objective and condenser NAs. However, these values may become modified in the used microscope systems, e.g., by system intrinsic apertures. Therefore, in our improved technique, determination of the imaging NA is conducted in situ within the corresponding microscope at hand. Furthermore, the method has been extended to yield the microscope’s illumination NA as well. In total, we tested this procedure for determination of the imaging NA for four different microscope objectives with nominal values of 0.55 and 0.9, together with the illumination NAs for four different circular aperture diaphragms with diameters between 10 µm and 500 µm using several gratings of different pitches. All determined NA values agree essentially with their nominal values within their experimental uncertainties, but the uncertainties have been reduced by typically an order of magnitude as compared with the manufacturer’s specifications.
Ultrafast and low-power multichannel all-optical switcher based on multilayer graphene
Authors: Wang Guan , Wu Tong , Shao Yabin , Jia Yang , Gao Yang , Gao Yachen 
Published: December 2022

A metal–insulator–metal waveguide structure composed of a hexagonal resonator cavity and a ring with a slit is proposed. By using the finite difference time domain method, the transmission properties of the structure were studied. It was found that three distinct plasmon-induced transparency peaks appear in the visible and near-infrared bands, and the transmissivity of the three peaks is more than 80%. By tuning the structure size, the positions of the peaks can be adjusted. Then we introduced graphene, covering the surface of the cavity. By adjusting the refraction index of the graphene using light, the position of the three transmission peaks can be changed correspondingly. Based on the effect, we designed an all-optical switcher with ultrafast optical response time (about 2 ps) and low light absorption (about 2.3%). The proposed waveguide structure provides a way for the development of visible and near-infrared filters and all-optical switchers.
Prevalence of stillbirth and associated factors among deliveries attended in health facilities in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Jegnaw , Haile Dereje , Paulos Kebreab , Alemayehu Mihiretu , Adeko Asrat Chernet , Ayza Asaminew 
Published: December 2022

Background
Stillbirth is an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy, which is still prevalent in many countries despite remarkable efforts made to improve the care of pregnant women. While producing estimates consistent with other national reports, all are hindered by limited data and important causes of death are likely to be missed. However; there is a scarcity of data on stillbirth in Ethiopia particularly in the Wolaita zone.

Objective
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of stillbirth among women giving birth at public hospitals in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in the Wolaita zone. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 737 women. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used and the crude and adjusted odds ratios at a 95% confidence interval with P-value <0.05 were considered to declare the result as statistically significant.

Result
This study reported an 8.7% [95% CI: 6.5–10.8] prevalence of stillbirth. Women who lived in rural areas, had pregnancy and labor complications, a high number of pregnancies, a prior history of stillbirth, and a complicated delivery were associated with stillbirth. When compared to urban residents, being a rural resident increased the risk of stillbirth by 2.57 fold [adjusted OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.23, 5.40]. When compared to their counterparts, women who experienced complications during pregnancy and labor increased 6.23 fold [AOR = 6.23, 95% CI: 2.67–14.58], having a previous history of stillbirth increased 6.89 fold [AOR = 6.89, 95% CI: 2.57–13.57], and the type of delivery increased 7.13 fold the risk of stillbirth [AOR = 7.13, 95% CI: 2.71–18.73].

Conclusion and recommendation
The prevalence of stillbirth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in the Wolaita zone was found to be high compared to national and regional figures. Therefore, the federal and regional governments should strengthen inter-sectoral collaboration with health facilities to promote the maternal and health care services utilization. The zonal health department and other concerned bodies should focus on the implementation of the strategies and policies that address and reduce the causes of stillbirth.
Association between cigarette smoking and ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care
Authors: Oladipupo Islamiat , Ali T’shura , Hein David W. , Pagidas Kelly , Bohler Henry , Doll Mark A. , Mann Merry Lynn , Gentry Adrienne , Chiang Jasmine L. , Pierson Rebecca C. , Torres Sashia , Reece Emily , Taylor Kira C. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
This study examined the association of smoking with ovarian reserve in a cross-sectional study of 207 women enrolled in the Louisville Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Genetic Susceptibility, and Infertility (LOUSSI) Study and assessed effect modification by NAT2 acetylator phenotype.

Methods
Information on current smoking status was collected using a structured questionnaire and confirmed by cotinine assay. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were used to assess ovarian reserve. Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) was defined as AMH <1ng/mL. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NAT2 gene, which metabolizes toxins found in cigarette smoke, were analyzed to determine NAT2 acetylator status. Linear and logistic regression were used to determine the effects of smoking on ovarian reserve and evaluate effect modification by NAT2. Regression analyses were stratified by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status and adjusted for age.

Results
Current smoking status, either passive or active as measured by urinary cotinine assay, was not significantly associated with DOR. For dose-response assessed using self-report, the odds of DOR increased significantly for every additional cigarette currently smoked (Odds ratio, OR:1.08; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI:1.01–1.15); additionally, every 1 pack-year increase in lifetime exposure was associated with an increased odds of DOR among women without PCOS (OR: 1.08 95%CI: 0.99–1.18). These trends appear to be driven by the heavy or long-term smokers. Effect modification by NAT2 genotype was not established.

Conclusion
A history of heavy smoking may indicate increased risk of diminished ovarian reserve.
Predictive factors requiring high-dose evocalcet in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tokumoto Masanori , Tokunaga Shin , Asada Shinji , Endo Yuichi , Kurita Noriaki , Fukagawa Masafumi , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: December 2022

The dosage of evocalcet required to control serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels varies among secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients. This post hoc analysis evaluated the dose-dependent efficacy of evocalcet on serum intact PTH (iPTH) levels, corrected calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) levels, and safety, in an evaluation period (week 28 to week 30) by stratifying the previous phase 3 data with the final evocalcet dosages (low 1–2 mg [131 patients], medium 3–4 mg [90 patients], high 5–8 mg [92 patients]), and identified pre-treatment patient characteristics predicting the use of higher final evocalcet dosages via univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. At the end of the study at week 30, the median serum iPTH level was higher and the achievement ratio for the target range of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (60–240 pg/mL) was lower in the final high-dose subgroup (216 pg/mL and 58%, respectively) than in the other subgroups (low: 149 pg/mL and 79%; medium: 149 pg/mL and 73%, respectively). Among the three subgroups, the mean serum corrected Ca and P levels demonstrated similar trends, and similar ratio of patients achieved the target range (corrected Ca, 8.4–10 mg/dL; P, 3.5–6.0 mg/dL) from week 28 to week 30. No dose-dependent safety concerns were identified. Younger age, prior cinacalcet use, higher serum levels of iPTH and corrected Ca, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, intact fibroblast growth factor-23, and larger maximum parathyroid gland volume were significantly associated with final high-dose evocalcet (p < 0.05 in all cases). Patients requiring final high-dose evocalcet had pre-treatment characteristics indicating severe SHPT, leading to a lower final achievement rate for the target PTH levels of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy. Therefore, the early initiation of evocalcet treatment for SHPT is critical.
Trial registration: This trial was registered as follows: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02549391 and JAPIC: JapicCTI-153013.
Crystal structure of ethyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate, C16H20N2O5
Authors: Abdul Rashid Fatin Nur Ain , Bacho Muhamad Zulfaqar , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Abdul Manan Mohd Abdul Fatah , Johari Saiful Azmi , Mohammat Mohd Fazli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C16H20N2O5, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.9179(7) Å, b = 10.1982(9) Å, c = 10.4144(8) Å, α = 76.184(7)°, β = 87.090 (7)°, γ = 73.500(8)°, V = 782.86(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0458, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1333, T = 93 K.
A theoretical framework underlying an accelerated testing method and its application to composites under constant strain rates and fatigue loading
Authors: Xu Fei , Arthur Jones Ivor , Li Shuguang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A theoretical framework that underlies an accelerated testing method for unidirectional (UD) composites is proposed in this article, based on the continuum damage mechanics and time–temperature superposition. By the way of demonstration, it has been applied to problems involving constant strain rates and fatigue loading conditions. The damage evolution law for the matrix of composites was constructed using the Weibull distribution of defects, which will develop into cracks as a result of deformation. In conjunction with the Wiechert model, the theoretical framework formulated here is capable of capturing the mechanical behaviour of UD composites. Demonstration and initial verification of this acceleration method were carried out through experiments. This work can provide theoretical and technical support for the durability verification and the evaluation of the high cycle fatigue performance of composite structures.
Heat of Hydration, Shrinkage, and Flexural Strength of Portland Limestone Cement Mortar
Authors: Choudhary Antara , Ghantous Rita M. , Opdahl Oliver H. , Isgor O. Burkan , Weiss W. Jason 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Replacing a portion of the clinker in cementitious systems with limestone is one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study was designed to evaluate three performance parameters: heat of hydration, drying shrinkage, and flexural strength of portland limestone cement (PLC) mixtures. Eighty mortar and paste mixtures were prepared using Type II/V ordinary portland cement (OPC), PLC, and OPC with ground limestone (OPC + LS) with and without supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The PLC was made in the same commercial facilities using the same raw materials as the OPC (ASTM C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement, Type II/V). The PLC and OPC + LS paste mixtures had a heat of hydration (extent of reaction) that was within 10 % of the OPC paste mixtures, whereas the heat of hydration for PLC and OPC + LS paste mixtures with slag were comparable with corresponding OPC-slag paste mixtures. Compared with OPC, the PLC and OPC + LS did not substantially affect the drying shrinkage for most mortar mixtures, though increases of 7–8 % were noticed for mortar mixtures with slag. At 7 days, some PLC and OPC + LS mortar systems demonstrated up to a 19.9 % reduction in flexural strength (M0: plain system [i.e., no SCM], M1, M2, which were the systems with fly ash), though a 5–7 % greater strength was noticed with slag. At later ages, the flexural strength difference between the PLC or OPC + LS and OPC mixtures was less pronounced (±5 % of each at 90 days) and was not statistically different.
Resilient Pavement Materials to Mitigate Impact of Climate Change in New Jersey
Authors: Marath Ashith , Swarna Surya Teja , Mehta Yusuf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pavement design procedures heavily rely on historical climate. This practice can be a threat to the pavement infrastructure predominantly because of anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, there is a necessity to consider the climate change parameters in pavement design. This study quantifies the influence of climate change on pavement performance in New Jersey. In addition, this study also explores various modified asphalt mixtures to mitigate the climate change impact on asphalt and composite pavements. The scope of this work is carried out in four phases, which include data collection, laboratory material testing for both conventional and modified asphalt materials, pavement performance prediction using pavement mechanistic-empirical design, and selection of optimal modified asphalt materials to mitigate the climate change impacts. To achieve this, two pavement sections are considered in New Jersey. The pavement material, design, and traffic data were collected from the New Jersey Department of Transportation. In addition, statistically downscaled climate change models were gathered from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) GFDL-EMS2g.1, which was processed by the US Department of Transportation CMIP Data Processing Tool. This study concludes that increased temperature caused by climate change results in high pavement deformation in the asphalt concrete layer. Using modified asphalt mixtures can be an alternative to mitigate the climate change impact in New Jersey.
Teaching the Skill of Shared Decision Making Utilizing a Novel Online Module: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Arenth Joshua , Turnbull Jessica , Pichert James , Webb Lynn , Pituch Ken 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
In this pilot study, we developed and tested an online educational module for the purpose of teaching optimal shared decision making (SDM) behaviors for physicians in training. We hypothesized that those who received this intervention would show significant improvement in SDM behaviors afterward as compared with those who had not received the intervention.

METHODS:
Pediatric subspecialty fellows (pediatric critical care medicine, neonatology, hematology and oncology, and pulmonology) at the Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt were eligible to participate, if approved by their respective program directors. Design was a randomized crossover trial of an online educational module to promote behaviors essential to SDM. Participants were randomized by subspecialty. Experts in clinical communication blinded to participants’ study arms evaluated SDM behaviors in video-taped clinical simulations with standardized parent dyads. The study protocol was approved by the Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board.

RESULTS:
Participants receiving the intervention were approximately 40 times more likely to improve their subsequent total score when compared with simply repeating the simulation alone (95% confidence interval, 1.72–919.29; P = .022).

CONCLUSIONS:
This pilot study demonstrates that an online, interactive module can be an effective way of teaching the skill of SDM to pediatric subspecialty trainees. Tools like this one could help overcome the limitations inherent in currently published SDM resources and meet the need for interventions with demonstrated effectiveness, helping to increase the utilization of SDM skills by providing primary or supplemental education at institutions across the resource spectrum.
Chronic Exercise for Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in ADHD: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Huan , Jin Zhijuan , He Changshuang , Guo Shaoyu , Zhang Yiwen , Quan Minghui 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The effects of chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) on core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how different characteristics of CEIs could modify the effect remain unclear. We synthesized the current evidence on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD.

METHODS
Data sources include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from database inception to July 31, 2022. Study selection includes randomized controlled trials that reported on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and/or EFs in ADHD aged 6 to 18 years.

RESULTS
Twenty-two randomized controlled trials were included. CEIs had a small beneficial effect on overall core symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.64 to −0.14), as well as inattention (SMD = −0.32, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.004) among children and adolescents with ADHD. Closed-skill exercise showed a large improvement in core symptoms (SMD = −0.83, 95% CI: −1.30 to −0.35), whereas open-skill exercise did not. Additionally, CEIs had a moderately beneficial effect on overall EFs (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.45) and a moderate-to-large effect on the specific domains of EFs. The pooled effects on overall core symptoms and EFs were not significantly modified by study population (children or adolescents), exercise session duration (≤50 or &gt;50 minutes per session, median), or total exercise sessions (&lt;24 or ≥24 sessions, median).

CONCLUSIONS
CEIs have small-to-moderate beneficial effects on overall core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD.