bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice circadian clock regulator Nhd1 controls the expression of the sucrose transporter geneOsSUT1and impacts carbon–nitrogen balance
Authors: Li Kangning , Tang Shuo , Zhang Shunan , Tian Yanghao , Qu Hongye , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterdependent metabolic and transport processes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) regulate plant growth and development, while the regulatory pathways remain poorly defined. We previously reported that rice circadian clock N-mediated heading date-1 (Nhd1) regulates growth duration-dependent N use efficiency. Here, we report that knockout of Nhd1 in rice reduced the rate of photosynthesis and the sucrose ratio of sheaths to blades, but increased the total C to N ratio and free amino acids. Leaf RNA-seq analysis indicated that mutation of Nhd1 dramatically altered expression of the genes linked to starch and sucrose metabolism, circadian rhythm, and amino acid metabolic pathways. We identified that Nhd1 can directly activate the transcriptional expression of sucrose transporter-1 (OsSUT1). Knockout of Nhd1 suppressed OsSUT1 expression, and both nhd1 and ossut1 mutants showed similar shorter height, and lower shoot biomass and sucrose concentration in comparison with the wild type, while overexpression of OsSUT1 can restore the defective sucrose transport and partially ameliorate the reduced growth of nhd1 mutants. The Nhd1-binding site of the OsSUT1 promoter is conserved in all known rice genomes. The positively related variation of Nhd1 and OsSUT1 expression among randomly selected indica and japonica varieties suggests a common regulatory module of Nhd1–OsSUT1-mediated C and N balance in rice.
Low-volume Hydrodissection for the Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Dosal Gerardo Capo , Schroeder Jeremy D , Oh Robert C 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common ailment for many active duty service members that adversely affects readiness. Patients present with pain, swelling, and limited functional ability. Kager’s fat pad is a mass of adipose tissue that protects the blood vessels supplying the Achilles tendon and preserves its function. A popular hypothesis is that scarring, tethering, and neovascularization play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AT. Current literature supports the effectiveness of high-volume (40–50 mL) hydrodissection, a procedure in which fluid is injected under ultrasound guidance into the tissues surrounding the Achilles tendon to mechanically separate the paratenon from the underlying Kager’s fat pad. There may also be a beneficial effect of scar tissue and neoneurovascular breakdown. However, high-volume injections result in short-term discomfort and decreased mobility. Lowering injection volume (2–10 mL) may reduce this morbidity and facilitate use in limited-resource environments. This case report presents a 29-year-old active duty male with recalcitrant post-traumatic AT who achieved significant pain reduction and faster return to full service using low-volume hydrodissection. The use of 10 mL volume has not been described previously and provides additional support for using lower volumes in chronic AT. This technique is a direct adjunctive treatment option with rehabilitation at a military treatment facility or in the operational environment.
3D PIC Simulations for relativistic jets with a toroidal magnetic field
Authors: Meli Athina , Nishikawa Kenichi , Köhn Christoph , Duţan Ioana , Mizuno Yosuke , Kobzar Oleh , MacDonald Nicholas , Gómez José L , Hirotani Kouichi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We have investigated how kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability (WI), the mushroom instability (MI), and the kinetic Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (kKHI) are excited in jets without and with a toroidal magnetic field, and how such instabilities contribute to particle acceleration. In this work, we use a new jet injection scheme, where an electric current is self-consistently generated at the jet orifice by the jet particles, which produce the toroidal magnetic field. We perform five different simulations for a sufficiently long time to examine the non-linear effects of the jet evolution. We inject unmagnetized e± and e−– p+ (mp/me = 1836), as well as magnetized e± and e−– i+ (mi/me = 4) jets with a top-hat jet density profile into an unmagnetized ambient plasmas of the same species. We show that WI, MI, and kKHI excited at the linear stage, generate a non-oscillatory x-component of the electric field accelerating, and decelerating electrons. We find that the two different jet compositions (e± and e−– i+) display different instability modes, respectively. Moreover, the magnetic field in the non-linear stage generated by different instabilities is dissipated and reorganized into new topologies. A 3D magnetic field topology depiction indicates possible reconnection sites in the non-linear stage, where the particles are significantly accelerated by the dissipation of the magnetic field associated to a possible reconnection event.
The cosmic UV background and the beginning and end of star formation in simulated field dwarf galaxies
Authors: Pereira-Wilson Matthew , Navarro Julio F , Benítez-Llambay Alejandro , Santos-Santos Isabel 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the APOSTLE cosmological simulations to examine the role of the cosmic UV background in regulating star formation (SF) in low-mass Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) haloes. In agreement with earlier work, we find that after reionization SF proceeds mainly in haloes whose mass exceeds a redshift-dependent ‘critical’ mass, Mcrit, set by the structure of the haloes and by the thermal pressure of UV-heated gas. Mcrit increases from $\sim 10^{8}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ at z ∼ 10 to $M_{\rm crit}\sim 10^{9.7}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ at z = 0, roughly following the average mass growth of haloes in that mass range. This implies that haloes well above or below critical at present have remained so since early times. Haloes of luminous dwarfs today were already above-critical and star forming at high redshift, explaining naturally the ubiquitous presence of ancient stellar populations in dwarfs, regardless of luminosity. The SF history of systems close to the critical boundary is more complex. SF may cease or reignite in dwarfs whose host halo falls below or climbs above the critical boundary, suggesting an attractive explanation for the episodic nature of SF in some dwarfs. Also, some subcritical haloes today may have been above critical in the past; these systems should at present make up a sizable population of faint field dwarfs lacking ongoing star formation. Although few such galaxies are currently known, the discovery of this population would provide strong support for our results. Our work indicates that, rather than stellar feedback, it is the ionizing UV background and mass accretion history what regulates SF in the faintest dwarfs.
Unravelling the interplay between SIDM and baryons in MW haloes: defining where baryons dictate heat transfer
Authors: Rose Jonah C , Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark , O’Neil Stephanie 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new set of cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way (MW)-like galaxy that for the first time include elastic velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and IllustrisTNG physics. With these simulations, we investigate the interaction between SIDM and baryons and its effects on the galaxy evolution process. We also introduce a novel set of modified dark matter-only simulations that can reasonably replicate the effects of fully realized hydrodynamics on the DM halo while simplifying the analysis and lowering the computational cost. We find that baryons change the thermal structure of the central region of the halo to a greater extent than the SIDM scatterings for MW-like galaxies. Additionally, we find that the new thermal structure of the MW-like halo causes SIDM to create cuspier central densities rather than cores because the SIDM scatterings remove the thermal support by transferring heat away from the centre of the galaxy. We find that this effect, caused by baryon contraction, begins to affect galaxies with a stellar mass of 108 M⊙ and increases in strength to the MW-mass scale.
The evolution of phase space densities in star-forming regions
Authors: Blaylock-Squibbs George A , Parker Richard J 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The multidimensional phase space density (both position and velocity) of star-forming regions may encode information on the initial conditions of star and planet formation. Recently, a new metric based on the Mahalanobis distance has been used to show that hot Jupiters are more likely to be found around exoplanet host stars in high six-dimensional phase space density, suggesting a more dynamic formation environment for these planets. However, later work showed that this initial result may be due to a bias in the age of hot Jupiters and the kinematics of their host stars. We test the ability of the Mahalanobis distance and density to differentiate more generally between star-forming regions with different morphologies by applying it to static regions that are either substructured or smooth and centrally concentrated. We find that the Mahalanobis distance is unable to distinguish between different morphologies, and that the initial conditions of the N-body simulations cannot be constrained using only the Mahalanobis distance or density. Furthermore, we find that the more dimensions in the phase space, the less effective the Mahalanobis density is at distinguishing between different initial conditions. We show that a combination of the mean three-dimensional (x, y, z) Mahalanobis density and the Q-parameter for a region can constrain its initial virial state. However, this is due to the discriminatory power of the Q-parameter and not from any extra information imprinted in the Mahalanobis density. We therefore recommend continued use of multiple diagnostics for determining the initial conditions of star-forming regions, rather than relying on a single multidimensional metric.
Imposters and Tricksters
Authors: Frost-Arnold Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines internet hoaxes. It argues for a crucial distinction between internet imposters who cause epistemic damage by violating norms of authenticity and internet tricksters who violate these norms in acts of resistance that encourage trust in the oppressed. This chapter shows that objectivity and truth acquisition depend on inclusive networks of trust. Next, it demonstrates that imposture can undermine trust, and that trustworthiness is a core epistemic virtue. However, trickery is an epistemically important resistance strategy. So we need a virtue epistemology that recognizes when violating norms of authenticity is veritistically valuable. The chapter presents some guidelines for virtuous online self-presentation that help us determine how to avoid the vices of imposters and decide whether and how to be tricksters.
Selfless Receptivity
Authors: Bommarito Nicolas , Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A natural way to think of epistemic virtue is by analogy with an archer. Just as a skilled archer is able to take aim and hit a target, a skilled epistemic agent will aim at truth and, if things go well, get things right. Here we highlight aspects of epistemic virtue that do not fit this model, particularly ways in which epistemic virtues can be non-voluntary and not goal-directed. In doing so, we draw on two important figures in the history of philosophy: the 6th-century Indian Buddhist Buddhaghosa and the 20th-century French philosopher Simone Weil. Despite many differences, both thinkers emphasize the importance of attention in moral and epistemic virtue. Their work highlights ways in which attention that is neither voluntary nor goal-directed can nevertheless play an important role in moral and epistemic life.
Knowledge and Independent Checks in Mīmāṃsā
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter is about a classical Indian debate about the Independent Check Thesis, the thesis that, if an agent is to rationally believe (or judge) that she knows that p, she must rely on some source of information that provides her independent evidence about the truth or reliability of her belief (or judgement) that p. While some Buddhists and Nyāya philosophers defended this thesis, the Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsakas rejected it. Here, I reconstruct the Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsakas’ arguments against the Independent Check Thesis. I show that these arguments reveal a tension between this thesis and a plausible principle that connects knowledge and action.
Living Toward Virtue
Authors: Woodruff Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Virtue ethics can be practical if we give it a new start, working from Socrates’ approach to ethics as represented in Plato. This approach is more promising than that of most recent virtue ethicists, who begin from Aristotle. It is also more practical than modern ethical theories. Socrates asks us to nurture the moral health of our souls all our lives, whereas Aristotle teaches us to acquire virtues as traits. Traits are not reliable, however, and false confidence in one’s virtue is a major cause of moral error and the moral injury that results from error. I must never think with any certainty that I have a virtue. It is especially dangerous for me to think that I have the wisdom or moral knowledge that would keep me on the right path. Socrates sets an example by recognizing his ignorance through self-examination and by making that recognition a cornerstone of human wisdom. But Socrates does not explain how we can seek virtue when we do not know for sure what it is. This book goes beyond what we know of Socrates in order to show how we can seek virtue without having knowledge. Using real-life examples, some of them from warfare, the book shows how we can nurture our souls and avoid moral injury so far as possible. The outcome of a life on this Socratic model is beauty of soul and a special kind of happiness.
Resources
Authors: Woodruff Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have limited knowledge for making ethical judgments, but we still have a wide range of resources for doing so. Socrates has little to say on this score, but there is much to be said. Two main resources are our communities and our human nature (nurture and nature). Both must be used with care and critical judgment. Friends are important, as they can tell us truths about ourselves that we are loath to recognize. The experience of love can be transformative, and here we are back on Socratic ground, which I will explore more thoroughly in the final chapter. Experts, emotions, and intuitions are not in themselves valuable resources on the neo-Socratic model. By contrast, our orientation to the good, which questioning may bring to our attention, is our fundamental resource for exercising good judgment. Appendices treat the Jewish-Christian ethics of love and the success of Socratic questioning.
Is it possible to prepare for a pandemic?
Authors: Omberg Robert Tucker , Tabarrok Alex 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
How effective were investments in pandemic preparation? We use a comprehensive and detailed measure of pandemic preparedness, the Global Health Security (GHS) Index produced by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (JHU), to measure which investments in pandemic preparedness reduced infections, deaths, excess deaths, or otherwise ameliorated or shortened the pandemic. We also look at whether values or attitudinal factors such as individualism, willingness to sacrifice, or trust in government—which might be considered a form of cultural pandemic preparedness—influenced the course of the pandemic. Our primary finding is that almost no form of pandemic preparedness helped to ameliorate or shorten the pandemic. Compared to other countries, the United States did not perform poorly because of cultural values such as individualism, collectivism, selfishness, or lack of trust. General state capacity, as opposed to specific pandemic investments, is one of the few factors which appears to improve pandemic performance. Understanding the most effective forms of pandemic preparedness can help guide future investments. Our results may also suggest that either we aren’t measuring what is important or that pandemic preparedness is a global public good.
The Afterlife of Daniel Defoe’s Captain Singleton in the Seven Years’ War
Authors: Seager Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Daniel Defoe’s pirate novel Captain Singleton (1720) was republished in 1757, during the political and military crises of the early stages of the Seven Years’ War. The fact that Singleton at this time was extensively rewritten has gone entirely unnoticed by scholars. The present article explains how this version of Defoe’s maritime picaresque fiction responded to national anxieties about naval performance, aristocratic leadership, and martial masculinity following the loss of Minorca, seeking to galvanize its readers during the privateering rush of this period and the more general appetite for a ‘blue-water’, colonial war strategy. In 1757, Bob Singleton is transformed from the stateless sea rover of Defoe’s original into a patriotic privateer who serves the British nation in an unofficial capacity, both as an African explorer in the first half and a maritime adventurer in the second. The 1757 novel shows the ways in which the rising taste for sentimental fiction, moving away from individualistic adventure stories, coalesced with imperialist and nationalist agendas in the mid-eighteenth century. This example of literary appropriation rewards the investigation of the afterlives of eighteenth-century fiction, aiding recognition of how novels endured and were revived, often in revised or remediated states, to reach different readerships and speak to new sociocultural contexts.
Deposit Insurance and Depositor Behavior: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: de Roux Nicolás , Limodio Nicola 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of deposit insurance on depositor behavior. Our theoretical framework integrates insights from public and financial economics and predicts that (1) deposit insurance induces bunching at the threshold in the deposit distribution and (2) an increase in the insurance threshold promotes deposit growth, particularly higher for individuals bunching at the initial limit. We exploit a large and unexpected increase in the Colombian insurance together with monthly depositor-level records from a major bank to test these predictions. We validate the existence of bunching in deposits and quantify the heterogeneous effect of deposit insurance on individual deposit growth.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Tirzepatide: A Dual Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wong Elaine , Cope Rebecca , Dima Lorena , Nguyen Timothy 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to many complications, and controlling glucose balance is essential. Incretin hormones are produced in the gut and are essential to maintaining glucose homeostasis. Their effects range from increasing insulin synthesis, insulin secretion, and glucose sensing and decreasing glucagon secretion to promote satiety and suppressing appetite. Tirzepatide is a first in class dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) analog approved for the management of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise.

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics:
Tirzepatide is a synthetic chemical structure based on the GIP sequence and consists of 39 amino acid peptides. Tirzepatide increases insulin secretion, reduces glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner, decreases fasting and postprandial glucose levels, promotes satiety, decreases body weight, and delays gastric emptying. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties of tirzepatide were similar in patients with kidney and hepatic impairment, and its metabolites are excreting through urine and feces.

Clinical Trials:
The SURPASS trials are pivotal phase 3 trials assessing the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as monotherapy and as an add-on to different antihyperglycemic drugs for the management of T2DM. Tirzepatide consistently showed reductions in HbA1c, as well as benefits with weight loss, with common adverse events reported related to gastrointestinal issues.

Therapeutic Advance:
Tirzepatide is a novel first in class dual GIP and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist that improves overall glycemic control as an adjunct to diet and exercise. It has the potential benefits in other therapeutic areas such as obesity.
The emotional impact of COVID-19 on Australian cancer patients, their caregivers, and oncology health professionals over time: a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Shaw Joanne , Havard Polly E. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Kelly Brian , Beatty Lisa , Juraskova Ilona , Sharpe Louise , Cigolini Maria , Chan Raymond J. , Kirsten Laura , Best Megan , Butow Phyllis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cross-sectional research has highlighted the emotional impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cancer communities. The aim of this study was to extend findings and to provide a longitudinal perspective of emotional effects of COVID-19 on a range of participants, including patients with cancer, their family members, and oncology health professionals (HPs) in Australia.

Methods:
This mixed-methods, longitudinal study incorporated semistructured interviews and psychological well-being survey data collected at three time points between June 2020 and October 2021.

Results:
Seventy-seven participants volunteered at time point 1 (T1; 32 patients, 16 caregivers, 29 HPs), 52 at timepoint 2 (23 patients, 10 caregivers, 19 HPs), and 43 at timepoint 3 (19 patients, 8 caregivers, 16 HPs). Overall, participants were psychologically well; however, elevated depressive symptoms were detected in HPs by timepoint 3. Qualitative results highlighted the emotional toll of COVID-19 for all participant groups over time. Three shared themes emerged: (1) balancing fear and safety, (2) uncertainty in an ever-changing situation, and (3) fatigue due to lack of support and sense of isolation. An additional theme unique to HPs was also identified: (4) a sense of dread for what is to come in an already exhausted workforce.

Conclusion:
Despite Australia's relatively low COVID-19 case numbers, an emotional toll on the cancer community was apparent. Longitudinal results indicate consistency of themes over time with the burden for HPs adding a theme by the third interview. Participants were challenged to balance needs of personal safety against cancer priorities in an environment of uncertainty and isolation. Over time, a sense of fatigue emerged, and for HPs, increased workloads left many feeling overwhelmed and unsupported with a sense of dread around future outcomes.