bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
नेपाःगाःया स्थाननामय् दुगु विशेषता व ह्यूपाःया दुवाला
Authors: महर्जन Maharjan भरत Bharat 
Published: August 2022

नेपाःया प्राचीन सभ्यताया केन्द्रस्थलतमध्ये नेपा:गा: नं छगू खः । नेपा:गालय्‌ सभ्यता विकास याःपिं व थन मूलबासीकथं नालातःपिं नेवाःत खः । थन आकारय्‌ तःकुगु, मध्यम व चीकुगु यानाः दर्जनौं प्राचीन व मध्यकालीन नेवाः बस्ती दु । अथे हे नेपा:गालय्‌ धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक, पुरातात्त्विक व ऐतिहासिक महत्त्वं जाःगु थीथी ख्यः, देवस्थल, पुखू, तीर्थ, दिप आदि दु । थथे प्राचीन सभ्यताया विकास व विस्तार जूगु लागा जुयाः थनया थाय्‌बाय्‌या प्राचीन ईनिसें प्रचलित नांत दु । स्थानीय जनभाषाय्‌ ल्यनाचोंगु ऐतिहासिक स्थाननामं थनया प्राचीनताया क्रमिक विकासक्रम, जातीय इतिहास, भाषिक विकासक्रम, धार्मिक-सांस्कृतिक परम्परा, रीतिथिति, वास्तु, प्रकृति आदिबारे थीथी तथ्य उलाचों । सलंसः दँन्ह्यःनिसें खुल्ला बुँ-बाली, ख्यः, देवस्थल, पुखू, बगः आदिया रूपय्‌ दुगु लागाय्‌ अस्वाभाविक ढंगं बोलंगु बस्तीकरण, शहरीकरण व बजारीकरणं थनया स्थाननामय्‌ नं अस्वाभाविक ह्यूपाः हयाब्यूगु दु । अप्वः संख्याय्‌ गैरनेवाःतय्‌गु उपस्थितिं प्रचलित नेवाः स्थाननाम विस्थापित जुयाः न्हू-न्हूगु नेपाली नां स्थापित जुयावःगु सलंसः दसु खंकेफु । गनं-गनं ला अंग्रेजी खँगोलं तकं थाय्‌ कयाहःगु अवस्था दु । शदीऔं न्ह्यःनिसें मौखिक परम्परां हस्तान्तरण जुजुं वःगु नेपाःगाःया स्थाननामत मेगु न्हू नामं विस्थापन जुयावंगुया थीथी कारणत दु । थन प्रचलित नां चीकाः न्हू–न्हूगु नां बोलनाचोंगुया मू कारणतय्‌के राज्यया उदासीनता, व्यवसायिक मनोविज्ञान, व्यक्ति वा समूहं यत्थें नामांकरण याइगु प्रवृति, अंग्रेजी व नेपाली भाय्‌या प्रभाव, नेपा:गालय्‌ जुयाचोंगु भौतिक निर्माण व सामाजिक संरचनाय्‌ वःगु ह्यूपाः आदि खनेदु । नेवाःवस्तीं पिने लाःगु लागाय्‌ ९१ प्रतिशत नांत न्हू नामं विस्थापित याःगु व ९ प्रतिशत ऐतिहासिक नामं जक स्थायित्व कयाः छेलाबुलाय्‌ लेंगु खनेदु ।
पुलांगु प्याखं-इकुनप्याखं
Authors: महर्जन Maharjan जीवन कुमार Jeevan Kumar 
Published: August 2022

नेपालभाषाय्‌ प्याखं धाय्‌बले नाटक व नृत्य नितां कःघाः । नेपालय्‌ देवदेवीया प्याखं भाव नृत्यं शुरु जुयाः लिपा नृत्य नापनापं मे हालीगु विकास जुजुं बुलुहं नाटकया रूप काःगु खः । देवदेवीया प्याखं ख्वाःपाः पुयाः हुइगु खः । लिपा तिनि संवादया विकास जुल । थथे प्याखं दकलय्‌ न्हापां भाव नृत्यं शुरु जुयाः लिपा संवादतक विकास जूगुलिं हे प्याखं धाय्‌बले नाटक व नृत्य नितां कःघाःगु जुइमाः । तान्त्रिक शक्तिया मू स्रोतकथं पूजाआजा यानावयाचोंपिं पीठगण द्यःयात मूर्ति जक थापना यानाः मगानाः उगु मूर्ती जीवन्यास विधिं देवत्व प्रतिस्थापन याय्‌धुंकाः तिनि व द्यःया सजीवता दइगु विश्वास जूगुलिं थीथी देवदेवीयात सजीवता बीगु झोलय्‌ मनूया शरीरदुने द्यः दुबिकेगु परम्परा न्ह्यात । थुगु हे परम्परादुने थीथी मातृकायात नं सजीवता बीगु ज्या जुल । थ्व हे झोलय्‌ इकुनप्याखं दय्‌केगु ज्या जुल जुइ । तान्त्रिक शक्तिलिसे स्वापू दुगु अजिमा प्याखंत मल्लकालीन इलय्‌ इकुनप्याखंया नामं म्हसीका वयाचोंगु खः । इकुनप्याखंया नामं परिचित प्याखंत थौंकन्हे थीथी नामं म्हसीकाः वयाचोंगु दु ।
Ultrasonic Beam Induced Resistance Change
Authors: Matsumoto Toru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Researchers have developed an imaging technique that reveals wiring defects in packaged ICs without requiring decapsulation. The sensing mechanism is based on resistance changes, similar to IR-OBIRCH, but instead of an IR beam, the metal conductors in the chip are heated by ultrasonic waves. This article describes the basic principles of ultrasonic beam induced resistance change (SOBIRCH) imaging and demonstrates its effectiveness in a wide range of applications, including multilayer metal stacks.
Scanning Probe Microscopy Applications in Failure Analysis of Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Wang Xiang-Dong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is widely used for fault isolation as well as diagnosing leakage current, detecting open circuits, and characterizing doping related defects. In this article, the author presents two SPM applications that are fairly uncommon but no less important in the scope of failure analysis. The first case involves the discovery of nano-steps on the surface of high-voltage NFETs, a phenomenon associated with stress-induced crystalline shift along the (111) silicon plane. In the second case, the author uses an AFM probe in the conductive mode to correlate tunneling current distribution with hot spots in high-k gate oxide films, which is shown to be a better indicator of oxide quality than rms surface roughness.
STEM EBIC: Toward Predictive Failure Analysis at High Resolution
Authors: Hubbard William A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ability to discern the composition and placement of atoms in a sample makes TEM one of the most powerful characterization tools for microelectronic components. For many devices, however, the dynamics underlying normal operation do not displace atoms. Device function is, instead, mediated by electronic and thermal processes that have little effect on physical structure, necessitating additional tools to determine the causes of failure. In this article, the author presents results indicating that STEM EBIC, with the new SEEBIC mode, can provide electronic contrast that complements the physical-based contrast of STEM imaging. By identifying device features at higher risk of failure, the two methods may open a path to predictive failure analysis.
The Threat of Malicious Circuit-Board Alteration: Attack Taxonomy and Examples
Authors: Russ Samuel H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Circuit boards are vulnerable to a wide range of ill-intentioned modifications done to gain access to information or malevolently influence control. This article describes the various ways attacks on circuit board can occur and presents examples showing how such attacks might look. It also provides general guidelines for protecting circuit-board design integrity.
Determination of Indenter Crack Probability on Multilayer Stacks using an Acoustic Emission Test Method
Authors: Unterreitmeier Marianne , Nagler Oliver 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Engineers at Infineon Technologies have developed a way to detect probing-induced fracture in semiconductor wafers in real-time using acoustic emission sensing and burst-signal energy filtering techniques. In this article, they describe the measurement procedure and demonstrate its use on complex semiconductor pad stacks. They also present experimental results that shed new light on the relationship between probe tip contact force and crack probability in thin, brittle layers typical of BEOL layer stacks in CMOS ICs.
The effect of two different stretching exercises on the muscle tendon unit and range of motion
Authors: Kaya Mustafa , Gokce Erkan , Demirturk Funda 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Stretching is commonly used for clinical and sports reason but the effects vary on time and the technique used. PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching of gastrocnemius muscle on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in the same individuals; to find out how long the stretching effects endure. METHODS: Twenty-eight males (mean age: 22.18 [Formula: see text] 2.58 years) were included in the study. A 45-s static stretching (SS) exercise was applied to the right leg 5 times and dynamic stretching (DS) of same duration to the other leg. Change in MTU was assessed by ultrasonography and active and passive ROM was measured with goniometer. All evaluations were performed before, immediately following, 5-min, 15-min and 30-min after stretching. RESULTS: Muscle thickness and pennation angle did not change over time with either techniques ([Formula: see text] 0.05). A significant muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement occurred after the techniques ([Formula: see text] 0.05); the highest change was achieved after DS ([Formula: see text] 0.05). Both techniques improved active ROM values similarly ([Formula: see text] 0.05), but only dynamic stretching increased passive ROM significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.05). Active and passive ROM and MTJ displacement values at 30[Formula: see text] – min were still higher than the baseline ones on the DS side ([Formula: see text] 0.05). However, SS increased active ROM angle immediately after application but this increment declined until the final measurement. CONCLUSION: We recommend using the dynamic stretching technique to achieve greater and longer lasting increases in tendon length and range of motion.
An accurate fault location method for wireless sensor network based on random matrix theory
Authors: Wang Qi 
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the effect of fault location, this paper proposes an accurate fault location method for wireless sensor networks based on random matrix theory. The standard non Hermite matrix is used to extract accurate fault location data. Considering the volatility of the original data, the original random matrix is preprocessed. Based on the real-time sliding time window method, the space-time characteristic data of network faults are determined, and the precise fault location of wireless sensor networks based on random matrix theory is realized.Experimental results show that the false positive rate of the proposed method is only 2%. The average fault location accuracy is as high as 96.4% and the fault location time is only 15.1 s, which shows that the proposed method has a good location effect.
IMPLEMENTASI PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM PENETAPAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN ANAK USIA DINI DI PENGADILAN AGAMA BOYOLALI
Authors: Renaldy Khrisna Nurdiyanto  , Yudhi Widyo Armono  , Sumarwoto  
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implemntasi putusan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Boyolali dalam menyelesaikan perkara dispensasi perkawinan Nomor 321/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Bi. dan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mendasari ditolaknya permohonan dispensasi perkawinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan normatif yang bersifat deskriptif karena penelitian menggunakan ketetapan undang-undang tentang perkawinan UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 sebagaimana UU No.16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan Pengumpulan data menggunakan dengan cara menhgumpulkann dan menghimpun dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier yang berkaitan dengan dispensasi perkawinan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis data berupa kualitatif. Metode ini dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari buku-buku kepustakaan, literatur yang berkaitan dengan dispensasi perkawinan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Implemntasi putusan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Boyolali dalam memutus perkara dispensasi perkawinan Nomor 321/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Bi mengacu pasal 7 ayat (1) UU No. 1 tahun 1974 sebagaimana Undang-Undang No.16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan. Implemntasi putusan hakim yang digunakan Pengadilan Agama Boyolali dalam memutus perkara Nomor 321/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Bi ialah salah satunya pasal 49 ayat (1); (2) UU No. 7 tahun 1989 mengalami perubahan UU No. 23 tahun 2006. Implemntasi putusan hakim yang mendasari dikabulkanya permohonan dispensasi perkawinan dengan Nomor 321/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Bi karena terjadinya penolakan KUA terlebih dahulu terhadap dispensasi pernikahan dibawah umur yang hendak melakukan perkawinan.Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam pasal 7 UU No. 1 tahun 1974 sebagaimana Undang-Undang No.16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan dan pasal 15 ayat (2) KHI. akan tetapi memberikan dispensasi atau kelonggran atas permohonan kepada pemohon. Dalam dikabulkanya permohonan dispensasi perkawinan Majelis Hakim melihat fisik dan mental dari anak pemohon layak atau tidaknya melangsungkan pernikahan. Karena sangat penting untuk mengetahui alasan-alasan yang sah untuk memberi izin tentang dispensasi perkawinan.
Human and Social Values Included in EFL Curricula for Basic Stage in Jordan
Authors: Sahm Tayseer Al-Ma'aitah  
Published: August 2022

The study aims to indicate the most important human and social relations values included in the English language curricula for the basic stage in Jordan. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher prepared a checklist consisting of (17) values. The results indicate that there are (2744) human and social relations values in the English language textbooks of the basic stage in Jordan. This is due to the fact that textbooks encourage communication with others, in addition to the adaptation and integration with them, which is the goal of the educational process. Also, the textbooks of the 6th grade contained the highest repetition of Human and Social Relations values, while the textbooks of the 2nd grade contained the lowest repetition of the same values.
2-Dimensional in vitro culture assessment of ovarian cancer cell line using cost effective silver nanoparticles from Macrotyloma uniflorum seed extracts
Authors: Lavudi Kousalya , Harika Venkata Satya , Kokkanti Rekha Rani , Patchigolla Swaroopa , Sinha Anupriya , Patnaik Srinivas , Penchalaneni Josthna 
Published: August 2022

Our research focused on generating AgNPs using Macrotyloma uniflorum (MU) seed extracts and studied their efficacy in combating tumor growth using the 2-Dimensional method for ovarian cancer cell line-PA-1. Characterization studies including a UV-visible spectrophotometer confirmed the surface plasmon resonance peak of 436 nm. Particle size determination data validated the nanoparticle diameter of 91.8 nm. Synthesized AgNPs possess a negative charge of -28.0 mV, which was confirmed through the zeta potential study. Structural characterization studies including XRD determined the crystal phase of AgNPs at four distant peaks at 2θ (38.17, 44.36, 64.52, and 77.46) and were assigned to 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of the FCC. FTIR studies have confirmed the presence of O-H, N-H, C=O, ethers, C-Br, and C-I groups in AgNPs respectively. DPPH study has confirmed the presence of free radicles and we observed that at 500 μg/ml concentration, 76.08% of free radicles were formed which shows their efficiency. MTT assay shows the efficacy of MU-AgNPs in reducing the cell viability. At lower concentrations of MU-AgNP, 66% viability was observed and 9% of viability was observed at higher dose. ROS production (21%) was observed using MU-AgNPs with respect to 0.45% in controls, which affirms the capacity to induce DNA damage via apoptosis. Standard drug camptothecin generated 26% of ROS production which confirms higher potential of AgNPs in inducing DNA damage in tumor cells without causing lethality to the healthy cells. Further, the Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) study using a standard Caspase-3 marker confirms the generation of apoptotic bodies using two different concentrations of MU-AgNPs. At 40 μg, 64% of apoptotic cell death was observed, whereas, using 20 μg, 23% of apoptosis was recorded via fluorescent intensity. Propidium iodide-based Cell cycle study has shown a significant decrease in G0/G1 phase compared to control (88.8%), which further confirmed the apoptotic induction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) studies using JC-1 dye, showed a significant increase in green fluorescence owing to lowered membrane potential, thus ensuring the breakdown of mitochondrial potential compared to untreated and standard drugs. With the obtained results, we are concluding that MU-AgNPs has a tremendous capacity to suppress the ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis.
Pediatric patients with familially inherited sitosterolemia: Two case reports
Authors: Su Shun-Qing , Xiong Di-Sheng , Ding Xiu-Mei , Kuang Jin-An , Lin Yue-Chun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSitosterolemia is a rare recessive genetic abnormality of hyperlipidemia; it is characterized by increased levels and accumulation of sitosterol in the plasma and local tissues.Case descriptionsThe study subjects were two siblings (brother and sister) who had sitosterolemia with systemic multiple xanthomas as the main manifestation. The main clinical manifestations were hypercholesterolemia, premature atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, systemic multiple xanthomas, etc. After genetic testing, it was found that the patients had a compound heterozygous mutation of c.1324+1de1G in exon 7 and exon 9 of chromosome 2p21 of the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G family member 5(ABCG5) gene; the mutation at c.904+1G&gt;A was of maternal origin, and the mutation at c. 1324+1de1G was of paternal origin. The compound heterozygous mutation of these two genes led to a metabolic disorder of plant sterols in vivo.ConclusionSitosterolemia is an autosomal recessive disease that could be effectively controlled after dietary control and oral lipid-lowering therapy with Ezetimibe. Xanthomas, which affects function and appearance, could be surgically removed, and primary wound healing could be achieved.
Distant organ metastasis patterns and prognosis of neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Li Qing , Yu Jie , Yi Hanjie , Lan Qiongyu 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNeuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is a rare pathological form of cervical cancer. The prognosis of NECC with distant organ metastases is unclear. In our study, the patterns and prognosis of distant organ metastasis of NECC were investigated.MethodsData were obtained from the surveillance epidemiology and end results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2018. Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analyses were conducted.ResultsNECC was prone to single and multi-site metastases. The median overall survival (OS) was greatly decreased in patients with distant metastasis (P &lt; 0.0001). Other characteristics such as age ≥60 years, poorer grade, higher T stage, those without surgery, no radiotherapy, and no chemotherapy were predictors of poor prognosis.ConclusionsMetastasis is an independent prognostic factor for patients with NECC. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy give an overall survival advantage for patients with distant organ metastases.
Rheological Behavior of Air in the Two-Pass Solar Collector
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok 
Published: August 2022

This study pivoted on the flow behavior of air streams across solar air collectors provided with wooden baffles under the absorber plates. The two-pass system was used for both flat and finned surfaces. The von Kármán momentum integral and Blasius equations were solved with the help of PDPE and ODE45 techniques. The solution was assumed to be a part of the initial value problem (IVP). The energy analysis of both solar air collectors was carried out using the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss equation (HWB) equation. The Sankey diagram was used for energy distribution across the solar collectors. The gray box modeling approach was adopted to comprehend the airflow behavior across the channel. The objective of this study is to examine the intrinsic behavior of the proposed design. The displacement of boundary to compensate for the momentum of air stream (θt) decreased by 31.25%–62.50% with an increase in mass flow rate (m)˙of 24.69%–49.38% for the flat plate collector (FPC). Similarly, the shear stress posed by the absorber plate (τw) dropped by 15.89%–37.20% with the augmentation of the mass flow rate. The momentum thickness for the flat plate with triangular fin (FPTF) increased relatively by 31.25%, compared to FPC at 8.10 g·s−1. The estimated value of collector efficiency (ηI) FPTF soared up by 4%–11.51% when it was juxtaposed against the corresponding values derived for FPC. The wall shear stress near the absorber plate followed that of a second-order Gaussian model. It was noticed in this study that the addition of the fin slowed down the shear effect and the momentum defect of airstream at the same mass flow rate.
Single-chamber microbial electrosynthesis reactor for nitrate reduction from waters with a low-electron donors’ concentration: from design and set-up to the optimal operating potential
Authors: Lust Rauno , Nerut Jaak , Gadegaonkar Sharvari S. , Kasak Kuno , Espenberg Mikk , Visnapuu Triinu , Mander Ülo 
Published: August 2022

Microbial electrosynthesis is a promising solution for removing nitrate from water with a low concentration of electron donors. Three single-chamber microbial electrosynthesis reactors were constructed and operated for almost 2 years. The single-chamber reactor design saves on construction costs, and the pH of the solute is more stable than that in the case of a two-chamber reactor. Nitrate reduction started at the working electrode potential of −756 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), and subsequently, the working electrode potential could be increased without hindering the process. The optimal potential was −656 mV versus SHE, where the highest Faradaic efficiency of 71% and the nitrate removal rate of 3.8 ± 1.2 mgN-NO3/(L×day) were registered. The abundances of nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase genes were significantly higher on the working electrode compared to the counter electrode, indicating that the process was driven by denitrification. Therefore, a microbial electrosynthesis reactor was successfully applied to remove nitrate and can be utilized for purifying water when adding organic compounds as electron donors is not feasible, that is, groundwater. In addition, at the lower working electrode potentials, the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium was observed.
Early Implanon discontinuation and associated factors among Implanon women users visiting public health facilities, in Kembata zone of Southern Ethiopia: An institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Beyene Gemechu Nigusie , Assefa Nega , Mokonnon Taklu Marama , Ejigu Habtamu Bekele , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundContraceptive practice is the basis of fertility and plays a significant role in minimizing maternal morbidity and mortality. Implanon is one of the most effective long-acting contraceptive methods that prevents pregnancy for 3 years. Early Implanon discontinuation can lead to many negative reproductive health consequences. Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude of early Implanon discontinuation among female Implanon users visiting public health facilities to discontinue Implanon in the Kembata zone of southern Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out from 1 March 2020 to 30 March 2020. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select 454 women who had discontinued Implanon. The data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version-3.1 and then exported to STATA version-16 for analysis. A descriptive analysis along with bivariate and multivariate regression was performed to identify factors associated with early Implanon discontinuation. Statistical significance was declared at a p &lt; 0.05 along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn the present study, 438 women were interviewed, which corresponds to a response rate of 96.48%. The magnitude of early Implanon discontinuation was 56.4%, 95%CI (51.6, 61.2). Primary educational status [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.92, 95%CI (1.56, 5.46)], rural residency [AOR = 1.76, 95%CI (1.06, 2.92)], women with no history of modern contraceptive use [(AOR = 2.14, 95%CI (1.14, 4.03)], those who experienced service dissatisfaction [AOR = 3.05, 95%CI (1.52, 6.12)], women who experienced as Implanon side effect [AOR = 3.36, 95%CI (2.09, 5.42)], and women who were not appointed after insertion [(AOR = 2.17, 95%CI (1.18, 4.79)] have shown an association with early Implanon discontinuation.ConclusionThe present study indicated that the magnitude of early Implanon discontinuation was high. Educational level, rural residency, women who experienced side effects, those who experienced service dissatisfaction, women with no history of contraceptive use, and those who missed follow-up appointments were associated with Implanon discontinuation. Family planning service providers should focus on Implanon side effects during pre-insertion counseling. The recommended intervention is to recognize modifiable factors like improving client satisfaction with the service, appointing for follow up after insertion, and providing quality family planning services.