bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Ferulic Amide Derivatives and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Huang Xian‐Feng , An Zhe , Yu Ying‐Cong , Feng Xiao‐Qing , Wang Ya‐Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSixteen ferulic amide (FA) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi‐target inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies indicated that most of the compounds showed significant potency to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and self‐induced β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Specifically, a dimeric FA analogue with a diamide linker (compound 4 c) exhibited the potent ability to inhibit AChE (IC50, 0.35 μM) and the good Aβ aggregation inhibition (46.6 % at 20 μM). The structure‐activity relationships were also discussed as well as their binding conformation and simultaneous interactions mode were further clarified by the molecular docking studies. Moreover, it also produced good effects against scopolamine‐induced cognitive impairment in vivo. These results suggested that compound 4 c was a promising drug candidate against AD.
Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen‐doped Hard Carbon Microspheres with a Double Carbon Matrix for Enhanced Cycling Performance of Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Yuhao , Liu Xu , Liu Yuansheng , Liu Huitian , Dai Xiaoqian , Wu Xiaochen , Shan Zhongqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLimited by low electrical conductivity and huge volume changes in the process of lithium intercalation/de‐intercalation, the commercial application of Si‐based anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is hindered. Herein, silicon nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen‐doped hard carbon microspheres composites (Si/NC@HC) were prepared by two‐step polymerization of 3‐aminophenol and resorcinol between formaldehyde and further carbonization. The formed double carbon matrix, including the inter NC microsphere and outer nanometer‐thick HC layer, can not only improve the electrical conductivity and silicon load but also ensure high structural stability to alleviate the volume effect of silicon effectively. Therefore, the obtained Si/NC‐2@HC possesses a high specific capacity of 1262.6 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 with high silicon contents of 78 %, exhibiting excellent cycling performance. The novel synthesis method and structural design will provide a strategy for engineering Si‐based anode materials with high specific capacity and enhanced cycling performance.
Optical fiber measurement of local strains in a ribbed bar
Authors: Leibovich Orit , Yankelevsky David Z. , Klar Assaf , Elkayam Itai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRibbed bars are known for their enhanced bond to concrete. Their ribs make bar section variable along the axis and the strain profile is variable as well, under any given applied force. Such variable strain profile has not been measured so far, thus the stress profile and its effect on the global behavior of the bar cannot be determined. Though optical fibers are an effective means to measure the strains in structural members, their application to the study of bond behavior is still in its infancy. Such an application is the objective of this research project. Specially manufactured partly smooth and partly ribbed bars with optical fibers were tested in pure tension (bare bars) and in the pullout from concrete to investigate the strain profile variability. In the bare bars, the strain measured in the smooth part was constant (as expected), while in the ribbed part higher strains were measured but no localized effects were detected, and the location of the ribs was not identified. Similar behavior was obtained by 3D finite‐element analysis, which merely yielded slight ups and downs at ribs' locations, with an average strain that is similar to the measured strain. However, in the pull‐out tests, the strains were constant in the unbonded smooth part and exhibited an undulating profile in the bonded ribbed part, where the peaks were related to the locations of the ribs. Such promising results motivate further studies to improve the resolution of the proposed technique.
Macromolecular Crowding and Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A Polymer Physics Perspective
Authors: Cubuk Jasmine , Soranno Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cell is a crowded environment where a relevant fraction of the available space is occupied by proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Here we discuss recent advancements in the understanding of crowding effects on intrinsically disordered proteins. Differently from their structured counterparts, these proteins do not adopt a stable three‐dimensional structure and remain flexible and dynamic in solution. The physics of polymers and colloids provides a framework to interpret how crowding modulates conformations, dynamics, and interactions of disordered proteins. Flory‐Huggins models enable rationalizing the different degree of compaction induced by crowding agents in terms of depletion interactions. The same interactions modulate the diffusion of the disordered proteins in a crowded milieu and the association and dissociation rates when interacting with a ligand. Altogether, this theoretical framework provides new insights into the interpretation of the effects of the cellular environment on disordered proteins.
Spontaneous and Driven Growth of Multicellular Lipid Compartments to Millimeter Size from Porous Polymer Structures**
Authors: Nomura Shin‐ichiro M. , Shimizu Ryo , Archer Richard James , Hayase Gen , Toyota Taro , Mayne Richard , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis report describes a method to obtain multicellular shaped compartments made by lipids growing from a sponge‐like porous structure. Each compartment is several tens of micrometers in diameter and separated by membranes comprised of phospholipid and amphipathic molecules. The multi‐compartment structure spontaneously grew to a millimeter scale, driven by an ionic concentration difference between the interior and exterior environments of the sponge. These compartments can also easily incorporate hydrophilic species as a well as smaller materials such as liposomes. Additionally, we showed that mechanical squeezing of the sponge was also effective in producing multicellular bodies. These simple methods to obtain large‐scale multicellular compartment of lipid membrane will help future designs and trials of chemical communications on artificial cells.
Protective effects of CHIP overexpression and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal‐derived stem cell treatment against streptozotocin‐induced neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ju Da‐Tong , Van Thao Dao , Lu Cheng‐You , Ali Ayaz , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Chen Ray‐Jade , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Shih Tzu‐Ching , Tsai Cheng‐Yen , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, posing a challenge in treatment. Previous studies have indicated the protective role of mesenchymal stem cells against several disorders. Although they can repair nerve injury, their key limitation is that they reduce viability under stress conditions. We recently observed that overactivation of the carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) interacting protein (CHIP) considerably rescued cell viability under hyperglycemic stress and played an essential role in promoting the beneficial effects of Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). Thus, the present study was designed to unveil the protective effects of CHIP‐overexpressing WJMSCs against neurodegeneration using in vivo animal model based study. In this study, western blotting observed that CHIP‐overexpressing WJMSCs could rescue nerve damage observed in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats by activating the AMPKα/AKT and PGC1α/SIRT1 signaling pathway. In contrast, these signaling pathways were downregulated upon silencing CHIP. Furthermore, CHIP‐overexpressing WJMSCs inhibited inflammation induced in the brains of diabetic rats by suppressing the NF‐κB, its downstream iNOS and cytokines signaling nexus and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system. Moreover, TUNEL assay demonstrated that CHIP carrying WJMSCs suppressed the apoptotic cell death induced in STZ‐induced diabetic group. Collectively, our findings suggests that CHIP‐overexpressing WJMSCs might exerts beneficial effects, which may be considered as a therapeutic strategy against diabetic neuropathy complications.
Self‐expanding tracheal stent placement in a cat with primary tracheal collapse
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Uemura Akiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 12‐year‐old mixed‐breed spayed female cat presented with dyspnoea, open‐mouthed breathing, and cyanosis that was difficult to control with medical pharmacotherapy; the cat was diagnosed with the primary tracheal collapse of the neck and chest regions. The diagnosis was confirmed by dynamic chest radiography, tracheal endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT). Tracheal endoscopy and CT showed dropsy of the dorsal membranous wall over most of the trachea. A self‐expanding Nitinol cross‐and‐hook braided stent was placed along the entire tracheal lumen using surgical X‐ray fluoroscopy. Bacterial cultures in the trachea were negative. Dyspnoea disappeared immediately after the endotracheal stent was implanted. Although the long‐term prognosis remains under observation, the short‐ to medium‐term prognosis was very good. These results suggest that stenting may be useful in the treatment of primary tracheal collapse in cats.
Leonardite powder as an efficient adsorbent for cationic and anionic dyes
Authors: Arslan Hudaverdi , Saleh Mohammed , Bilici Zeynep , Dizge Nadir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the uses of leonardite powder (LP) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of basic red 18 (BR18) and reactive red 180 (RR180) dyes. LP was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Zeta potential, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The adsorption process was assessed based on pH, size and the amount of the adsorbent, BR18 and RR180 concentration, and the contact time. BR18 dye was completely adsorbed onto the LP (the removal efficiency equals 100%) after 45 min at the optimum condition (original pH [6.5], the particle size of 45 μm, the adsorbent dose of 0.25 g/L, and the initial concentration of 10 mg/L). For RR180, the maximum removal efficiency (74%) was obtained when 1 g/L LP with 45 um size was added to an RR180 solution of 10 mg/L concentration. Temkin isotherm was used to explain the adsorption of BR18. In contrast, RR180 adsorption was described by the Freundlich model. The adsorptions of both dyes followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The reusability of the LP was assessed. For BR18, the efficiency decreased to 96% in the second cycle and reached 42% in the fifth cycle. In RR180, LP was not able to be reused efficiently. As a result, the LP ability for BR18 removal is higher than the RR180 in terms of uptake and reusability.Practitioner PointsBR18 and RR180 dyes elimination was carried out with leonardite powder (LP).The maximum removal efficiencies for BR18 and RR180 were 100% and 74%, respectively.The LP ability for BR18 removal is higher than the RR180 in terms of uptake and reusability.
Towards positive geometry of multi scalar field amplitudes. Accordiohedron and effective field theory
Authors: Jagadale Mrunmay , Laddha Alok 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The geometric structure of S-matrix encapsulated by the “Amplituhedron program” has begun to reveal itself even in non-supersymmetric quantum field theories. Starting with the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed, Bai, He and Yan [1] it is now understood that for a wide class of scalar quantum field theories, tree-level amplitudes are canonical forms associated to polytopes known as accordiohedra. Similarly the higher loop scalar integrands are canonical forms associated to so called type-D cluster polytopes for cubic interactions or recently discovered class of polytopes termed pseudo-accordiohedron for higher order scalar interactions.In this paper, we continue to probe the universality of these structures for a wider class of scalar quantum field theories. More in detail, we discover new realisations of the associahedron in planar kinematic space whose canonical forms generate (colour-ordered) tree-level S matrix of external massless particles with n − 4 massless poles and one massive pole at m2. The resulting amplitudes are associated to λ1$$ {\phi}_1^3 $$

ϕ
1
3

+ λ2$$ {\phi}_1^2 $$

ϕ
1
2

ϕ2 potential where ϕ1 and ϕ2 are massless and massive scalar fields with bi-adjoint colour indices respectively. We also show how in the “decoupling limit” (where m → ∞, λ2 → ∞ such that g :$$ \frac{\uplambda_2}{m} $$

λ
2

m

= finite) these associahedra project onto a specific class of accordiohedron which are known to be positive geometries of amplitudes generated by λ$$ {\phi}_1^3 $$

ϕ
1
3

+ g$$ {\phi}_1^4 $$

ϕ
1
4

.
Spectrum of the quantum integrable $$ {D}_2^{(2)} $$ spin chain with generic boundary fields
Authors: Li Guang-Liang , Cao Junpeng , Yang Wen-Li , Shi Kangjie , Wang Yupeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Exact solution of the quantum integrable $$ {D}_2^{(2)} $$

D
2

2

spin chain with generic integrable boundary fields is constructed. It is found that the transfer matrix of this model can be factorized as the product of those of two open staggered anisotropic XXZ spin chains. Based on this identity, the eigenvalues and Bethe ansatz equations of the $$ {D}_2^{(2)} $$

D
2

2

model are derived via off-diagonal Bethe ansatz.
M2-branes on discs and multi-charged spindles
Authors: Couzens Christopher , Stemerdink Koen , van de Heisteeg Damian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study supersymmetric AdS2 × Y9 solutions of 11d supergravity where Y9 is an S7 fibration over a Riemann surface equipped with a metric of non-constant curvature. We consider two classes of Riemann surface: the first is a spindle and the second is a topological disc. These solutions are interpreted as the near-horizon limit of M2 branes wrapped on the Riemann surface and describe the near-horizon of a 4d black hole. In the case of the topological disc there are additional flavour M2 branes smeared on a five-sphere embedded in the transverse S7. We perform a full global analysis of both classes of solutions, both from a 4d and an 11d viewpoint. Finally we compute the two-dimensional Newton’s constant from which we obtain a prediction for the entropy of the black hole.
The three-loop anomalous dimension and the four-loop β-function for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SQED regularized by higher derivatives
Authors: Shirokov I. E. , Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SQED with Nf flavors regularized by higher derivatives in the general ξ-gauge we calculate the three-loop anomalous dimension of the matter superfields defined in terms of the bare coupling constant and demonstrate its gauge independence. After this the four-loop β-function defined in terms of the bare coupling constant is obtained with the help of the NSVZ equation, which is valid for these renormalization group functions in all loops. Next, we calculate the three-loop anomalous dimension and the four-loop β-function defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant for an arbitrary subtraction scheme supplementing the higher derivative regularization. Then we construct a renormalization prescription for which the results coincide with the ones in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{DR}} $$

DR
¯

-scheme and describe all NSVZ schemes in the considered approximation. Also we demonstrate the existence of a subtraction scheme in which the anomalous dimension does not depend on Nf, while the β-function contains only terms of the first order in Nf. This scheme is obtained with the help of a finite renormalization compatible with a structure of quantum corrections and is NSVZ. The existence of such an NSVZ scheme is also proved in all loops.
Optimal derivative loss for abstract wave equations
Authors: Ghisi Marina , Gobbino Massimo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider an abstract wave equation with a propagation speed that depends only on time. We assume that the propagation speed is differentiable for positive times, continuous up to the origin, but with first derivative that is potentially singular at the origin. We examine the derivative loss of solutions, and in particular we investigate which conditions on the modulus of continuity and on the behavior of the derivative in the origin yield, respectively, no derivative loss, an arbitrarily small derivative loss, a finite derivative loss, or an infinite derivative loss. As expected, we obtain that stronger assumptions on the modulus of continuity can compensate weaker assumptions on the growth of the derivative, and viceversa. Suitable counterexamples show that our results are sharp. We prove indeed that, for every set of conditions, the class of propagation speeds that satisfy the given conditions, and for which the corresponding equation exhibits a derivative loss as large as possible, is nonempty and actually also residual in the sense of Baire category.
Tetrahedron Instantons
Authors: Pomoni Elli , Yan Wenbin , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study tetrahedron instantons, which can be realized in string theory by $$\hbox {D}1$$

D
1

-branes probing a configuration of intersecting $$\hbox {D}7$$

D
7

-branes in flat spacetime with a proper constant B-field. Physically they capture instantons on $$\mathbb {C}^{3}$$

C

3

in the presence of the most general intersecting real codimension-two supersymmetric defects. Moreover, we construct the tetrahedron instantons as particular solutions of general instanton equations in noncommutative field theory. We analyze the moduli space of tetrahedron instantons and discuss the geometric interpretations. We compute the instanton partition function both via the equivariant localization on the moduli space of tetrahedron instantons and via the elliptic genus of the worldvolume theory on the $$\hbox {D}1$$

D
1

-branes probing the intersecting $$\hbox {D}7$$

D
7

-branes, obtaining the same result. The instanton partition function of the tetrahedron instantons lies between the higher-rank Donaldson–Thomas invariants on $$\mathbb {C}^{3}$$

C

3

and the partition function of the magnificent four model, which is conjectured to be the mother of all instanton partition functions. Finally, we show that the instanton partition function admits a free field representation, suggesting the existence of a novel kind of symmetry which acts on the cohomology of the moduli spaces of tetrahedron instantons.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a potential therapeutic target for the Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Houschyar Khosrow Siamak , Borrelli Mimi R. , Rein Susanne , Tapking Christian , Popp Daniel , Palackic Alen , Puladi Behrus , Ooms Mark , Houschyar Madeline , Branski Ludwik K. , Schmitt Laurenz , Modabber Ali , Rübben Albert , Hölzle Frank , Yazdi Amir S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region accounts for 3% of all tumors worldwide. The incidence is higher in men, with most carcinomas found in the oral cavity. At the point of initial diagnosis, distant metastases are rare. The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in cell development and stemness and has been associated with SCC. Understanding precisely how Wnt signaling regulates SCC progression and how it can, therefore, be modulated for the therapeutic benefit has enormous potential in the treatment of head and neck SCC. In this review, we will describe the underlying mechanisms of Wnt signaling and outline how Wnt signaling controls cellular processes both in homeostasis and in the development and progression of SCC.Level of evidence: Not gradable.
Fitness of Isidorella newcombi Following Multi-generational Cu Exposures: Mortality, Cellular Biomarkers and Life History Responses
Authors: Ubrihien R. P. , Maher W. A. , Taylor A. M. , Stevens M. M. , Ezaz T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effects of multigenerational Cu exposure on the freshwater gastropod Isidorella newcombi were investigated. Snails were exposed to a range of treatment-specific Cu concentrations in the parental to F2 generations, and a common Cu concentration in the F3 generation. In the parental to F2 generations, some general responses to 3 days Cu exposures included reduced survival and feeding in snails exposed to higher Cu concentrations. This suggested that the snails exposed to the high Cu concentration were experiencing Cu-induced stress that may apply selection pressure. In the F3 generation, when all treatments were exposed to a common Cu concentration, increased survival was correlated with the pre-exposure Cu concentration history. Snails that had been pre-exposed to Cu also displayed reduced stress at a sub-lethal level, indicated by lower lysosomal destabilisation (LD). Mortality and LD responses in the F3 generation were not related to Cu tissue concentrations, indicating increased tolerance and reduced stress were not related to changes in Cu bioaccumulation. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the higher Cu concentration pre-exposure treatments which could be associated with lower Cu-induced stress, however, this is not supported by the oxidative damage marker lipid peroxidation, which also increased. While Cu tissue concentrations and oxidative stress markers were assessed to determine underlying reasons for increased tolerance in snails from a population with a multi-generational exposure history to Cu, the results were not conclusive. Despite this, it was demonstrated through increased survival and reduced LD that Cu tolerance can develop over a short evolutionary time scale.
Is Prophylactic Cervical Drainage Effective in Patients Undergoing McKeown Esophagectomy Reconstructed Through the Retrosternal Route with Two‐Field Lymphadenectomy?
Authors: Fujiwara Daisuke , Watanabe Masayuki , Kanie Yasukazu , Maruyama Suguru , Sakamoto Kei , Okamura Akihiko , Kanamori Jun , Imamura Yu , Mine Shinji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMcKeown esophagectomy with two‐field lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice for oncologic esophagectomy. A cervical drain is placed in cases after modern two‐field lymph node dissection (M2FD) to provide information on anastomotic leakage. However, the necessity of prophylactic cervical drainage during surgery remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of cervical drainage in patients who underwent McKeown esophagectomy with M2FD.MethodsA total of 293 patients underwent McKeown surgery with two‐field lymphadenectomy at our institute between January 2013 and December 2019. We compared the day of drain removal, amount of drainage volume, and the appearance of drainage fluid between patients with and without anastomotic leakage.ResultsMcKeown esophagectomy reconstructed through the retrosternal route is 203 patients (69.3%) of all. Nineteen patients (6.5%) experienced anastomotic leakage. The amount of cervical drain discharge was comparable between patients with and without anastomotic leakage. In addition, no purulent or salivary discharge was observed in patients with anastomotic leakage. There was no difference in the median day of drain removal between the groups. The initial clinical findings for the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage were surgical site infection in 10 (52.6%), fever in 5 (26.3%), prolonged inflammation in a blood test in 3 (15.8%), and bloody discharge from the chest tube in 1 (5.3%). There was no mortality due to any cause.ConclusionA prophylactic cervical drain may not be mandatory in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing McKeown esophagectomy reconstructed through the retrosternal route with two‐field lymphadenectomy.