bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Practical Method Based on MRI to Individually Localize the Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Junction in Retrosigmoid Craniotomy
Authors: Zhao Tian-Zhi , Shi Wei , Feng Lang-Lang , Ge Shun-Nan , Yang Zi-Jian , Li Zhi-Hong , Guo Wei , Wu Ying-Xi , Zhang Yun-Ze , Xue Ya-Fei , Xue Feng , Wang Bao , Qu Yan 
Published: November 2022

Background:Although the asterion has long been used as a skeletal surface marker of the transverse-sigmoid sinuses junction (TSSJ) point in the retrosigmoid approach, abundant evidence shows that the relationship between asterion and TSSJ point varies greatly. In recent years, new technologies have been developed, such as neuronavigation and three-dimensional volume rendering imaging, that can guide in exposing the TSSJ point individually. However, they are not only expensive but also difficult to apply in emergency surgery.Objective:To introduce a quick, practical, and low-cost new method for locating the TSSJ point precisely.Methods:In this retrospective before-after study, the test group located the TSSJ point with our new method during a 6-month period, while the control group used asterion as a surface landmark to estimate the TSSJ during the preceding 6 months. The primary outcome is the immediate exposure rate of the TSSJ point by the initial burr hole.Results:There were 60 patients in both control and test groups as no significant difference in the general clinical characteristics of both groups were observed. The new three-step method significantly increased the TSSJ exposure rate by initial burr hole compared with the control group (96.67% vs. 53.33%,P= 0.0002). Moreover, the total bone loss and craniotomy duration were significantly reduced by the new method. Incidence of sinus injury (10% vs. 6.6%), post-operation infection (3.33% vs. 3.33%), and CSF leakage (3.33% vs. 0%) were similar.Conclusions:The novel three-step approach accurately locates TSSJ points in retrosigmoid craniotomy, reduces bone defects, saves time, and does not increase the risk of sinus injury, infection, and CSF leakage.
Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Data from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dias Akshay Louis , Raghavendra BS , Ahmed Safwan , Arunachalam R 
Published: November 2022

Background:Coronavirus is a novel virus which has disrupted life in the past year. While it involves the lungs in the majority and this has been extensively studied, it involves other organ systems. More number of studies need to be focused on the extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease.Objective:To delineate the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus on the central and peripheral nervous systems and to assess the risk factors and the outcome of COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations.Materials and Methods:All patients who were SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive were assessed, and detailed clinical history and laboratory findings were collected. Data was analyzed using percentage, mean, and frequency.Results:Out of 864 patients, 17 (N= 17, 1.96%) had neurological manifestations. Twelve out of 17 had comorbid conditions. Patients had diverse presentations ranging from acute cerebrovascular accident to paraplegia and encephalopathy. Ten (58.8%) patients presented with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Of the patients who developed stroke, five (50%) died.Conclusions:COVID-19 usually presents as a respiratory disease. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not uncommon. One should be aware of a wide spectrum of neurological signs and symptoms of COVID-19 for early diagnosis and treatment for preventing mortality and morbidity.
A Prospective Study Comparing the Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography and Two-Dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography in Evaluation of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Pan Somnath , Kannath Santhosh K , Singh Gurpreet , Rajan Jayadevan E 
Published: November 2022

Background:Complex angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are often difficult to evaluate with standard imaging technique of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). These details are better provided by 3D rotational angiography (3D-RA).Objective:The aim of the study is to compare two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) and 3D rotational angiography in the evaluation of BAVM angiographic architecture.Materials and Methods:2D-DSA and 3D-RA of 167 consecutive patients with BAVM were analyzed for arterial feeders, nidal patterns, and detection of flow-related aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulous components, venous drainage, and draining vein stenosis.Results:3D-RA detected a significantly higher number of aneurysms and draining venous stenoses (P< 0.001). The detected number of true intranidal aneurysms was significantly higher with 3D-RA (n= 94) vs 2D-DSA (n= 34) (P< 0.001). 2D-DSA has low sensitivity (43.1%) and specificity (73.4%) for detecting intranidal aneurysms. 3D-RA detected a significantly higher number (12.6%) of BAVM patients with feeding artery aneurysms as compared to 2D-DSA (8.4%),Pvalue of 0.004. 3D-RA accurately depicted the distal course of dominant arterial feeders and fistulous sites in BAVMs. Direct arteriovenous communications were evident in 31.1% with 3D-RA, as compared to 2D-DSA (15%) withPvalue < 0.0001. A significantly higher number of draining vein stenosis was detected with 3D-RA (21.6%) as compared to 2D-DSA (13.2%),Pvalue < 0.001.Conclusion:3D-RA is better than 2D-DSA for detecting BAVM-associated flow-related aneurysms, distal course of the dominant arterial feeders, direct visualization of the fistulous components, deep venous drainage, and draining venous stenosis; findings imperative for making a prudent therapeutic decision.
Association of HLA Alleles with Antiepileptic Drug-Induced Mild Cutaneous Reactions
Authors: Zhang Wuqiong , Ye Xiaojuan , Meng Hongmei 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is associated with drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions, including antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). HLA gene polymorphism has a regional discrepancy, and it is therefore important to study it in different populations.

Objective:
To investigate the role of HLA in AED-induced mild cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) in a Northeast Han Chinese population.

Methods:
A case-control study was performed in the First Hospital of Jilin University between August 2016 and March 2017. In total, 26 patients with mild cADRs induced by AEDs and 23 AED-tolerant control patients were included. Sequence-based typing (SBT) was used to detect HLA-A and HLA-B genotypes. Differences in genotype frequencies between groups were assessed using Fisher's exact test.

Results:
In the mild cADRs group, 22 patients (84.6%) presented with maculopapular exanthema (MPE) and four patients (15.4%) presented with an isolated itch. The median duration between the AED exposure and cADRs was 7.5 days (IQR, 3 − 14 days). We failed to find statistically significant differences in HLA alleles between the cADRs group and the control group when considering all the drugs included in our study together or when considering oxcarbazepine (OXC), carbamazepine (CBZ), and levetiracetam (LEV) alone (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that there was no correlation between HLA alleles and AED-induced mild cADRs in the Northeast Han Chinese population.
Correlation of Target Volumes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Brain Scans in the Treatment Planning of Glioblastomas
Authors: Lavanya Vutkuri , Malik Irukulla Monica , Nallapareddy Kavitha , Srivastava Madhur , Valiyaveettil Deepthi , Ahmed Syed Fayaz 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Imaging of gliomas/glioblastomas has always been challenging. Many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are available for imaging glioblastomas. MRI cannot always differentiate tumor from nonspecific changes and postoperative changes in brain tissue. Among the new positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) tracers, gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT) appears to be the most promising one. The absence of uptake by normal brain parenchyma leads to high tumor-to-background ratio leading to better visualization of the tumor.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of target volumes on MRI and PSMA brain scans in the treatment planning of glioblastomas.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four patients in the age group of 5–75 years with histologically proven glioblastoma were included in the study following maximum safe resection. Simulation for treatment planning was done with Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT brain with IV iodine-based contrast. The pre- and postoperative MRI images were fused with PSMA simulation images. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) contoured on T1-contrast MRI and on PSMA scans were compared.

Results:
GTV contoured on MRI and PSMA brain scans showed complete overlap in 17 patients. In seven patients, the target volumes drawn on Ga-68 PSMA brain scans were slightly smaller than the target volumes drawn on MRI brain scans. This difference in volumes could be due to postoperative changes which showed enhancement on the MRI scan.

Conclusion:
Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT shows good correlation with MRI brain in the evaluation and RT planning in glioblastomas. Tumor necrosis and postoperative changes did not show PSMA uptake. Precise target delineation on PSMA PET-CT can potentially result in smaller and more accurate GTVs, which in turn would result in less RT-induced side effects.
Sentinel Node Mapping in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Khadka Sarada , Suresh Jayesh , Prem Amar , Mishra Piyush Ranjan , Kataria Kamal , Dhar Anita , Seenu Vuthaluru , Bal Chandershekhar , Kumar Rakesh , Mathur Sandeep , Hari Smriti , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Srivastava Anurag 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
Evaluation of fluorescein along with blue dye as an affordable tracer for sentinel node biopsy in comparison with technetium + methylene blue. A randomized trial was conducted with the following objectives: (1) to demonstrate that the identification of sentinel lymph node by fluorescein + methylene blue is not inferior to the identification by Tc-99 m sulfur colloid + methylene blue and (2) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sentinel node biopsy by above two tracers.

Subjects and Methods:
One-thirty patients above age 18 years presenting with early breast cancer T1, T2, N0 breast carcinoma were randomized to undergo sentinel node biopsy by either fluorescein + methylene blue or Tc-99 m sulfur colloid + methylene blue.

Results:
The sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 89% in Fluorescein + methylene blue group and 90.9% with Tc-99 m sulfur colloid + methylene blue group. The trial demonstrated noninferiority of fluorescein + methylene blue as compared to isotope + methylene blue with effect size = 1; 95% confidence interval- 9.54 to + 11.54. The fluorescein + methylene blue was more cost-effective than isotope guided sentinel node biopsy.

Conclusion:
Fluorescein-guided sentinel node biopsy is noninferior and more cost-effective than isotope-guided sentinel node biopsy.
Analysis of SDC2 gene promoter methylation in whole blood for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Siri Goli , Alesaeidi Samira , Dizghandi Saeed Esmaeili , Alani Behrang , Mosallaei Meysam , Soosanabadi Mohsen 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
Considering the limitations of the current approaches to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, scientists strived to find noninvasive and more powerful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Nowadays, there are different sources of biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Blood-based samples including circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and DNA extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood might be promising sources of noninvasive cancer biomarkers such as cancer-specific methylation patterns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the noninvasive early diagnosis of CRC via quantitative promotor methylation analysis of SDC2 gene in whole blood.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-five CRC patients and 65 healthy participants were enrolled to assess promoter methylation of SDC2 gene in whole blood using the methylation quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) technique.

Results:
Our findings demonstrated drastic hypermethylation of SDC2 in blood samples from CRC subjects (37.91%) compared with non-malignant individuals (17.02%) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity for detection of CRC by methylation of SDC2 was 81.54%, with a speciﬁcity of 69.23%. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC was 0.847 (P < 0.001), indicating that the status of SDC2 promoter methylation in whole blood is an excellent biomarker of CRC diagnosis. Furthermore, our results showed that methylation level in CRC patients significantly increased in higher tumor stages, demonstrating that an increased percentage of methylation is correlated with tumor progression (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

SDC2 promoter methylation status in blood samples is a valuable cancer biomarker and holds high power and accuracy in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy subjects in the early stages of the disease.
Mobile health applications for pregnancy in Iran
Authors: Shirvanian-Dehkordi Mahboubeh , Zare-Farashbandi Firoozeh , Samouei Rahele , Nouri Rasool 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
The expansion of pregnancy-related mobile applications has led to an increase in the usage of these applications by Iranian women, which has the potential to have a long-term impact on women's pregnancy health and, as a result, community health. The goal of this research was to investigate the state of pregnancy-related mobile applications in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive-applied research approach which was conducted in 2020. One hundred and fifty-seven pregnancy apps from different Iranian mobile app markets were installed and were examined in terms of the resources used and their validity, subject distribution, participation of obstetricians in the app development, apps volume, rank acquired by users and distribution of apps according to the developers. The relationship between the number of resources used and user rankings was also tested.

RESULTS:
A total of 157 apps were categorized into 12 subject categories based on their content. Only 1.3% of the apps were developed with the participation of obstetricians. Only 5% of the apps had used reliable information resources. Furthermore, the number of resources referenced in the studied apps did not have a significant relationship with star ratings (r = 0.03, P = 0.64), according to the Pearson correlation test.

CONCLUSION:
Iranian mobile applications in the field of pregnancy have grown significantly in terms of quantity, subject diversity, and user acceptance; however, the credibility of the information in these apps cannot be validated. This serves as a reminder to users to exercise caution while using such apps.
Predicting preventive behaviors of cardiovascular disease among oil industry workers based on health belief model
Authors: Mohammadnabizadeh Sahar , Najafpoor Ali Asghar , Vahedian-Shahroodi Mohammad , Ghavami Vahid 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Working conditions play a significant role in the process that causes cardiovascular disease. In this regard, it is required to monitor the health conditions of workers to design proper interventions to encourage healthy behaviors. This investigation was performed to determine preventive behaviors against cardiovascular disease based on the health belief model (HBM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with 228 subjects of oil industry workers under shift work schedules in the oil regions of Khuzestan, Iran. The HBM questionnaire provided the theoretical framework for this study. Participants completed the questionnaires in person at work. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, and means, and linear regression analysis were calculated for variables.

RESULTS:
Findings of the study showed that most workers were of a weak level of knowledge (55.3%), self-efficacy (82.5%), perceived severity (83.8%), perceived susceptibility (75.4%), perceived benefit (57.5%), and behavior (82.5%). Furthermore, results showed that most of the workers considered smoking (3.51 out of 5) and proper diet for good heart function (2.54 out of 5). In this study, the item of exercise was the lowest among all the preventive behaviors (1.39 out of 5). Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of health belief about cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSION:
To decrease the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in our population, and fight against this rank-one killer, multiple useful prevention strategies must be adopted. Educational theory-based interventions and applying designed programs to improve the adoption of preventive behaviors are a necessity.
Educational challenges of family caregivers of vegetative state patients for home care preparedness
Authors: Keykha Aliakbar , Ramezani Monir , Amini Shahram , Moonaghi Hossein Karimi , Saki Azadeh 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patients with a vegetative state (VS) are completely dependent on caregivers in all physical aspects of their lives. Caring for such patients comes with a great deal of difficulty for family caregivers. As a result, family caregivers must be fully trained and prepared for this role. The present qualitative study was conducted to investigate the educational challenges faced by family caregivers of VS patients for home care preparedness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present qualitative study was conducted through the conventional content analysis method from August 2020 to September 2021 in two provinces of Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province; and Razavi Khorasan Province). Fourteen family caregivers of patients in a VS were included in the study. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were employed to collect data. The Graneheim and Lundman method was utilized to conduct the data analysis using MAXQDA2020 software. Data collection continued until data saturation and the identification of main categories.

RESULTS:
As indicated by the data analysis, three categories of “unmet educational needs,” “confused caregiver,” and “searching for practical knowledge” which included 19 sub-categories described the experiences of family caregivers of patients in a VS concerning challenges they went through in preparation for patient care at home. Participants' experiences revealed that despite the inadequacy of educations provided by health-care providers on knowledge and skills required by family caregivers, they were committed to caring for the patient and trying to acquire the required knowledge.

CONCLUSION:
Results indicated that inadequate education and the lack of family caregivers' contribution to caring for the patient in the VS during their stay in the hospital impedes their acquisition of adequate knowledge and skill to care for patients at home. Therefore, healthcare system policymakers should be planning to eliminate the educational barriers faced by family caregivers and expand the educational activities of hospitals' homecare centers to provide educational support of family caregivers after the patient's discharge.
Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Navabi Zohreh Sadat , Ahmadi Alireza , Sabri Mohammad Reza , Kholenjani Fahimeh Bagheri , Ghaderian Mehdi , Dehghan Bahar , Mahdavi Chehreh 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the underlying medical conditions that put children at increased risk for coronavirus. This study aimed to predict preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among children with CHD based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021, on 240 children 3–7 years with CHD whose data had been registered in Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease/CHD (PROVE/CHD) System in Isfahan, Iran. The research variables were measured using an online researcher-made questionnaire that was based on PMT constructs. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis).

RESULTS:
From a total of 240 participants (mean age of 4.81 ± 1.50) in the present study, 122 (50.8%) were girls. The most common types of CHD among children participating in this study were related to atrial septal defect (ASD) (29.2%, n = 70) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (26.7%, n = 64), respectively. Protective behaviors showed a significant correlation with all constructs of PMT. The PMT constructs explained 41.0% of the variances in protective behavior, in which the perceived reward (β = 0.325) and perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.192) was the most important, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study showed well the effectiveness of PMT on the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in children with CHD. This theory can be used to teach preventive behaviors of COVID-19 to children with CHD in education programs.
Identification and Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Candida auris in India
Authors: Deshkar Smita , Patil Niranjan , Amberkar Shraddha , Lad Ashish , Siddiqui Farozan , Sharan Swati 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Candida auris has turned up as a multidrug-resistant nosocomial agent with outbreaks reported worldwide. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal drug susceptibility pattern of C. auris.

Methods:
Isolates of C. auris were obtained from clinically suspected cases of candidemia from January 2019 to June 2021. Identification was done with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and panfungal DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed with broth microdilution method.

Results:
Out of 50 isolates C. auris, 49 were identified by MALDI-TOF and one isolate was identified with panfungal DNA PCR followed by sequencing. For fluconazole, 84% (n = 42) isolates were found to be resistant and 16% (n = 8) isolates were susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] range 0.5–16). Posaconazole exhibited potent activity, followed by itraconazole. For amphotericin B, only 6% (n = 3) isolates were resistant with MICs ≥2 μg/mL. Only 4% (n = 2) isolates exhibited resistance to caspofungin. No resistance was noted for micafungin and anidulafungin. One (2%) isolate was found to be panazole resistant. One (2%) isolate was resistant to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin.

Conclusion:
Correct identification of C. auris can be obtained with the use of MALDI-TOF and sequencing methods. A small percentage of fluconazole-sensitive isolates are present. Although elevated MICs for amphotericin B and echinocandins are not generally observed, the possibility of resistance with the irrational use of these antifungal drugs cannot be denied. Pan azole-resistant and pan drug-resistant strains of C. auris are on rise.