bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck surgical oncology
Authors: Shah Jatin P. , Wong Richard J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the past five decades, major technological advances, including availability of imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans, have improved accurate assessment of tumors. Major advances in reconstructive surgery with development of microvascular free‐flap reconstruction have made one‐stage resection and reconstruction a reality, leading to a better quality of life. Multimodality treatments combining chemotherapy with radiation have led to development of organ preservation strategies and improved locoregional control of head and neck cancer.
Advances in the treatment of pediatric solid tumors: A 50‐year perspective
Authors: LaQuaglia Michael P. , Gerstle Justin T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the United States, more than 10 000 cancers occur annually in children aged 0–14 years, and more than 5000 in adolescents aged 15–19. In the last 50 years, significant advances have been made in imaging, molecular pathology, stage and risk assessment, surgical approach, multidisciplinary treatment, and survival for pediatric solid tumors (particularly neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and hepatoblastoma). Moreover, the molecular driver for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, which occurs in adolescence and young adulthood, has been identified.
Fifty years of progress in surgical oncology: Melanoma
Authors: Coit Daniel G. , Ariyan Charlotte E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper outlines the scientific and clinical advances in the treatment of melanoma over the past 50 years. Among the highlights of progress, the dominant themes include evidence‐based reduction in the extent and morbidity of surgical procedures in patients with local or regional melanoma without compromising end results, and the introduction of effective systemic therapy, specifically targeted therapy matched to patients based on specific tumor mutations, and immune checkpoint blockade. Management of advanced disease has also changed dramatically, due to improved understanding of the genomic variability of the disease as well as continuing improvements in imaging.
Hearing Loss in Exfoliation Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shih Michael C. , Gordis Tamar M. , Lambert Paul R. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine if exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is associated with hearing loss (HL) or vestibular dysfunction.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library through April 1, 2022.Review MethodsTwo reviewers independently screened abstracts, selected articles for inclusion, and extracted data. Studies included for qualitative analysis conducted audiometric, tympanometric, or vestibular evaluations on all subjects.ResultsTwenty‐one publications (1148 patients with XFS and 1212 controls) were included in the systematic review, and 16 publications (968 patients with XFS and 1147 controls) in the meta‐analysis. Greater severity of HL was seen for patients with XFS compared to controls across all frequencies (odds ratio [OR] 8.8 [7.3–10.2]). Patients with XFS were more likely to have moderate to profound sensorineural HL (OR 1.8 [1.3–2.5]), and less likely to have none to mild HL (OR 0.34 [0.17–0.67]) or no HL (OR 0.37 [0.28–0.50]). Three studies found patients with XFS had lower tympanometric peaks. Two studies found that abnormal vestibular testing results could be more common for patients with XFS.ConclusionsHL is associated with XFS. A sensorineural component to HL is confirmed, and mixed HL is possible. Given the high prevalence and infrequent diagnosis of XFS, the authors hypothesize that the current understandings of presbycusis might be improved by further investigation in XFS. Laryngoscope, 133:1025–1035, 2023
Prevalence of New‐Onset Tinnitus after COVID‐19 Vaccination with Comparison to Other Vaccinations
Authors: Dorney Ian , Bobak Lukas , Otteson Todd , Kaelber David C. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate how often patients are diagnosed with new‐onset tinnitus within 21 days after COVID‐19 vaccination in comparison to after three other common vaccinations: influenza, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), and polysaccharide pneumococcus.MethodsThe TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de‐identified electronic health record (EHR) data of over 78 million patients, was queried for patients receiving each vaccination. Instances of new‐onset tinnitus within 21 days of vaccination were recorded and reported.ResultsOut of 2,575,235 patients receiving a first dose of the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine without any prior tinnitus diagnosis, 0.038% (95% CI: 0.036%–0.041%) of patients had a new diagnosis of tinnitus within 21 days. There was a higher risk of a new tinnitus diagnosis after the influenza vaccine (RR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.72–2.21), Tdap vaccine (RR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.93–2.89), and pneumococcal vaccine (RR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.48–2.64) than after the first dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine. There was a lower risk of a new tinnitus diagnosis after the second dose of COVID‐19 than after the first dose (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91).ConclusionThe rate of newly diagnosed tinnitus acutely after the first dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine is very low. There was a higher risk of newly diagnosed tinnitus after influenza, Tdap, and pneumococcal vaccinations than after the COVID‐19 vaccine. The present findings can help to address COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy during the ongoing pandemic.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 133:1722–1725, 2023
Construction of Degradable and Amphiphilic Triblock Polymer Carriers for Effective Delivery of siRNA
Authors: Yan Yunfeng , Zhu Fangtao , Su Huahui , Liu Xiaomin , Ren Qidi , Huang Fangqian , Ye Wenbo , Zhao Mengdan , Zhao Yunchun , Zhao Junpeng , Shuai Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of effective and safe delivery carriers is one of the prerequisites for the clinical translation of siRNA‐based therapeutics. In this study, a library of 144 functional triblock polymers using ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and thiol‐ene click reaction is constructed. These triblock polymers are composed of hydrophilic poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), hydrophobic poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and cationic amine blocks. Three effective carriers are discovered by high‐throughput screening of these polymers for siRNA delivery to HeLa‐Luc cells. In vitro evaluation shows that siLuc‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated with leading polymer carriers exhibit sufficient knockdown of luciferase genes and relatively low cytotoxicity. The chemical structure of polymers significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the resulting siRNA‐loaded NPs, which leads to different cellular uptake of NPs and endosomal escape of loaded siRNA and thus the overall in vitro siRNA delivery efficacy. After systemic administration to mice with xenograft tumors, siRNA NPs based on P2‐4.5A8 are substantially accumulated at tumor sites, suggesting that PEO and PCL blocks are beneficial for improving blood circulation and biodistribution of siRNA NPs. This functional triblock polymer platform may have great potential in the development of siRNA‐based therapies for the treatment of cancers.
Metal Ion‐Directed Coordination Programming of Biomolecules to Bioinspired Nanoflowers
Authors: Butreddy Pravalika , Holden Hunter , Rathnayake Hemali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioinspired molecular and macromolecular systems could be a driver for new generation semiconductor‐synthetic biology (Semi‐Syn‐Bio) technologies, shifting the materials design paradigm by utilizing bioinspired and biological structures to design molecular and supramolecular architectures as bionanomaterials in the fabrication of devices and components. Herein, a simple and rapid self‐assembly approach of interfacial coordination programming of a biological amphiphile, a fatty acid, using a transition metal ion, copper cation (Cu2+) to direct the formation of nanoflowers of Cu2+‐conjugated supramolecular structures is demonstrated. The fatty acid molecules form complexes with the copper ions and then self‐assemble into microstructures with flower‐like petals, which are highly nanoporous thin sheets. The growth of microstructures is found to be independent from the precursors’ stoichiometric ratios, demonstrating a versatile interfacial coordination programming approach to make crystalline, uniquely shaped‐double peony flower‐like microstructures. It is anticipated that design principles and directed self‐assembly approaches for the interfacial coordination programming of biomolecules may advance the state‐of‐the‐art of biomaterials research, providing deeper understanding in the paradigm of design, synthesis, self‐assembly, and fabrication of Semi‐Syn‐Bio superstructure systems.
Cryo‐EM structure of G‐protein‐coupled receptor GPR17 in complex with inhibitory G protein
Authors: Ye Fang , Wong Thian‐Sze , Chen Geng , Zhang Zhiyi , Zhang Binghao , Gan Shiyi , Gao Wei , Li Jiancheng , Wu Zhangsong , Pan Xin , Du Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGPR17 is a class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors of the central nervous system (CNS). The signalling of GPR17 occurs through the heterotrimeric Gi, but its activation mechanism is unclear. Here, we employed cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) technology to elucidate the structure of activated GPR17‐Gi complex. The 3.02 Å resolution structure, together with mutagenesis studies, revealed that the extracellular loop2 of GPR17 occupied the orthosteric binding pocket to promote its self‐activation. The active GPR17 carried several typical microswitches like other class A GPCRs. Moreover, the Gi interacted with the key residues of transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), the amphipathic helix 8 (Helix8), and intracellular loops 3 (ICL3) in GPR17 to engage in the receptor core. In summary, our results highlight the activation mechanism of GPR17 from the structural basis. Elucidating the structural and activation mechanism of GPR17 may facilitate the pharmacological intervention for acute/chronic CNS injury.
Homozygous CADPS2 Mutations Cause Neurodegenerative Disease with Lewy Body‐like Pathology in Parrots
Authors: Lorenzo‐Betancor Oswaldo , Galosi Livio , Bonfili Laura , Eleuteri Anna Maria , Cecarini Valentina , Verin Ranieri , Dini Fabrizio , Attili Anna‐Rita , Berardi Sara , Biagini Lucia , Robino Patrizia , Stella Maria Cristina , Yearout Dora , Dorschner Michael O. , Tsuang Debby W. , Rossi Giacomo , Zabetian Cyrus P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genetic models that recapitulate neurodegenerative features of Parkinson's disease (PD) exist, which have been largely based on genes discovered in monogenic PD families. However, spontaneous genetic mutations have not been linked to the pathological hallmarks of PD in non‐human vertebrates.ObjectiveTo describe the genetic and pathological findings of three Yellow‐crowned parrot (Amazona ochrocepahala) siblings with a severe and rapidly progressive neurological phenotype.MethodsThe phenotype of the three parrots included severe ataxia, rigidity, and tremor, while their parents were phenotypically normal. Tests to identify avian viral infections and brain imaging studies were all negative. Due to their severe impairment, they were all euthanized at age 3 months and their brains underwent neuropathological examination and proteasome activity assays. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the three affected parrots and their parents.ResultsThe brains of affected parrots exhibited neuronal loss, spongiosis, and widespread Lewy body‐like inclusions in many regions including the midbrain, basal ganglia, and neocortex. Proteasome activity was significantly reduced in these animals compared to a control (P < 0.05). WGS identified a single homozygous missense mutation (p.V559L) in a highly conserved amino acid within the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the calcium‐dependent secretion activator 2 (CADPS2) gene.ConclusionsOur data suggest that a homozygous mutation in the CADPS2 gene causes a severe neurodegenerative phenotype with Lewy body‐like pathology in parrots. Although CADPS2 variants have not been reported to cause PD, further investigation of the gene might provide important insights into the pathophysiology of Lewy body disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
A review of causal discovery methods for molecular network analysis
Authors: Kelly Jack , Berzuini Carlo , Keavney Bernard , Tomaszewski Maciej , Guo Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing availability and size of multi‐omics datasets, investigating the casual relationships between molecular phenotypes has become an important aspect of exploring underlying biology andgenetics. There are an increasing number of methodlogies that have been developed and applied to moleular networks to investigate these causal interactions.MethodsWe have introduced and reviewed the available methods for building large‐scale causal molecular networks that have been developed and applied in the past decade.ResultsIn this review we have identified and summarized the existing methods for infering causality in large‐scale causal molecular networks, and discussed important factors that will need to be considered in future research in this area.ConclusionExisting methods to infering causal molecular networks have their own strengths and limitations so there is no one best approach, and it is instead down to the discretion of the researcher. This review also to discusses some of the current limitations to biological interpretation of these networks, and important factors to consider for future studies on molecular networks.
Resurfacing of lower extremities: Versatility of thigh flap as pedicle extension graft with consecutive thoracodorsal artery perforator‐based flap
Authors: Choi Ji Seon , Seo Hyun Joon , Park Ji Ah , Kim Youn Hwan , Shim Hyung‐Sup 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor successful microsurgical reconstruction using free tissue transfer, healthy recipient vessels must be obtained from outside the zone of injury. Securing an appropriate length pedicle length is also essential, and various techniques for lengthening a vascular pedicle have been developed. Herein, we present our experience using the descending branch (DB) of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels (LCFVs) with a thigh flap as an extender graft for consecutive second flap.MethodsWe reconstructed the complex and vessel‐depleted defects of nine patients. The mean age was 47.6 years. The defects were located in the lower leg in four patients, in the perineum in two patients and in the forearm in three patients. The two patients who suffered from Fournier's gangrene underwent a pedicled anteromedial thigh (pAMT) flap with the DB of the LCFVs and seven patients, five who suffered high‐energy trauma and two who had scar contracture, underwent a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with the distal run‐off DB of the LCFVs. In all patients, second consecutive free latissimus dorsi or thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps were prepared and the thoracodorsal vessels of the second flap were anastomosed to the distal DB of the LCFVs.ResultsThe total length of the thigh flap pedicles measured from both ends of the DB of the LCFVs varied from 15 to 20 cm, which was sufficient for use as a vascular conduit. Of the 18 flaps, 17 survived completely without any complications and 1 pAMT flap showed partial necrosis, which was covered with a perineal perforator‐based island flap. The mean follow‐up period was 16.7 months. Unfortunately, one patient, who suffered a total amputation below the knee and had replantation surgery, underwent amputation due to venous congestion in the distal leg. However, the previous two flaps survived and were used for coverage of the stump.ConclusionsUsing a thigh flap as a vascular extender graft for second flap may be an alternative option in vessel‐depleted reconstructions.
Limit analysis of masonry walls using discontinuity layout optimization and homogenization
Authors: Valentino John , Gilbert Matthew , Gueguin Maxime , Smith Colin C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA numerical limit analysis model for masonry walls subject to in‐plane loading is posed as a discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) problem, with the masonry conveniently modeled using a smeared continuum (“macromodeling”) approach and a homogenized yield surface. Unlike finite element limit analysis, DLO is formulated entirely in terms of discontinuities and can produce accurate solutions for problems involving singularities naturally, without the need for mesh refinement. In the homogenized model presented, masonry joints are reduced to interfaces, with sliding governed by an associative friction flow rule and blocks are assumed to be infinitely resistant. The model takes account of the interlock ratio of the masonry blocks, their aspect ratio and the cohesion and coefficient of friction of interfaces in both the vertical and horizontal directions. Results from the proposed model are compared with those from the literature, showing that complex failure mechanisms can be identified and that safe estimates of load carrying capacity can be obtained. Finally, to demonstrate the utility of the proposed modeling approach, it is applied to more complex problems involving interactions with other elements, such as voussoir arches and weak underlying soil layers.
Ballistic impact response and failure mechanism of aluminum/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminates with different adhesive quantity
Authors: Ge Fei , Zhang Zhongwei , Sun Minqian , Lin Yuan , Wu Jianan , Xiong Ziming , Wang Mingyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of metal‐composite interface (MCI) adhesive quantity on the energy absorption and failure behavior of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) under ballistic impact. The dynamic shear and ballistic impact tests were systematically conducted, and CT scan was employed to quantitatively investigate the damage and failure mechanisms of the FMLs. The results reveal that the dynamic shear strength of MCI initially increases and then remains constant with the increase in the adhesive quantity at a constant strain rate. Moreover, the MCI adhesive quantity has a certain influence on the impact energy absorption of FMLs, and the degree of influence is related to the impact velocity. At an impact velocity of 360 m/s, the difference of energy absorption is maximal, approximately 14.7%. The distribution of total debonding area changes with increase in the adhesive quantity. When the impact velocity is 212 m/s, compared to FMLs with the lowest adhesive quantity, the total debonding area of FMLs with the highest adhesive quantity decreases by 774.57 mm2 (9.20%), otherwise the debonding area near the rear aluminum alloy sheet increases by 595.94 mm2 (58.99%).
Brain cancer patients' levels of distress and supportive care needs over time
Authors: Halkett Georgia K. B. , Lobb Elizabeth , Spilsbury Katrina , Dhillon Haryana , Nowak Anna K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to describe patient self‐reported distress over time and how this was associated with wellbeing, and supportive care needs over a 6‐month period from commencing chemoradiotherapy for high grade glioma (HGG).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, participants completed surveys at three time points: before chemoradiotherapy, at 3 and 6 months. These included Distress Thermometer, Functional Assessment of Cancer/Brain Cancer Treatment‐general (Fact‐G/FACT‐BR), Supportive Care Needs Scale (SF‐34) and Brain Tumour Specific subscale. Patient survival time was also collected. Group‐based trajectory modelling was performed. Multinominal logistic regression assessed variables associated with different distress trajectory groups.ResultsOne hundred and sixteen participants completed assessments at baseline, 89 participants at 3 and 64 at 6 months. Four distress trajectory groups were identified; consistent low distress (18%), low to high distress (38%), high‐to low distress (24%) and consistent high distress (19%). Younger participants tended to report decreased distress over time, whereas older participants reported consistently high distress. High distress trajectory participants had less education, lower physical wellbeing, more unmet needs, but higher functional wellbeing compared to the low to high distress trajectory. The number of unmet needs paralleled the patterns of distress over time. The highest unmet needs in people with HGG and high distress were disease specific changes in mental ability and physical side effects.ConclusionThis study demonstrates people with HGG experience ongoing distress and highlights a need for continuous distress and unmet needs screening and referrals.
Modular synthesis of the pheromone (2S,7S)‐2,7‐nonanediyl dibutyrate and its racemate and their field efficacy to control orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Li Changkai , Wu Yuqing , Yin Xinming , Gong Zhongjun , Xing Hongxia , Miao Jin , Wang Shuzhi , Liu Jia , Na Risong , Li Qing X. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSudden outbreaks of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) cause huge wheat yield losses. Use of sex pheromones is more efficient than laborious egg counting to monitor these hidden‐concealed insects. Quick synthesis of the sex pheromones is therefore required to meet the sudden outbreak needs.RESULTSA synthetic approach of stereospecific and racemic S. mosellana pheromones was presented. This method afforded the stereospecific and racemic S. mosellana pheromones in three steps and high enantioselectivity (> 98% ee for (2S,7S)‐2,7‐nonanediyl dibutyrate) in less than 1 day with 74% and 73% overall yields, respectively, whereas most conventional methods require longer synthesis time with less than 40% yield. The synthesis routes could quickly and economically afford the pheromones, starting from synthon (S)‐but‐3‐yn‐2‐ol (1a) or but‐3‐yn‐2‐ol (1b), through the same three‐step processes of coupling, reduction, and esterification. The Y‐tube olfactometer results showed significant attractiveness of the synthetic stereospecific and racemic sex pheromones to S. mosellana males relative to the blank control (P < 0.001). Field trials also demonstrated significant attractiveness of the synthetic stereospecific and racemic sex pheromones relative to the blank control (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONThis modular approach is conducive to the deployment of field traps and timely responses to S. mosellana outbreaks and can be a time‐saving and cost‐effective tool to manage S. mosellana. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.