bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policing the Gaps: Legitimacy, Special Obligations, and Omissions in Law Enforcement
Authors: Hadjimatheou Katerina , Nathan Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ethics of policing currently neglects to provide a framework for analysing the morality of deliberate inactions to prevent harm, even though these are often adopted tactically by police as a means of preventing greater harms. In this paper we argue (a) that police have special moral obligations to prevent harm, grounded both in a contractarian account of police legitimacy and in the interpersonal morality of associations and (b) that police are morally culpable for failures to fulfil these special obligations when these are neither proportionate nor necessary to the prevention of greater crime-related harms. Our claims have implications both for the morality of policing and for its regulation and governance under human rights legislation, which we argue should be reformed so as to recognise police culpability not only for inflictions of harm, but also for failures to prevent it.
A Survey on Quantum Computational Finance for Derivatives Pricing and VaR
Authors: Gómez Andrés , Leitao Álvaro , Manzano Alberto , Musso Daniele , Nogueiras María R. , Ordóñez Gustavo , Vázquez Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe review the state of the art and recent advances in quantum computing applied to derivative pricing and the computation of risk estimators like Value at Risk. After a brief description of the financial derivatives, we first review the main models and numerical techniques employed to assess their value and risk on classical computers. We then describe some of the most popular quantum algorithms for pricing and VaR. Finally, we discuss the main remaining challenges for the quantum algorithms to achieve their potential advantages.
Non-conventional Stabilization for Fruit and Vegetable Juices: Overview, Technological Constraints, and Energy Cost Comparison
Authors: Vignali Giuseppe , Gozzi Mario , Pelacci Massimiliano , Stefanini Roberta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study will provide an overview and a description of the most promising alternatives to conventional thermal treatments for juice stabilization, as well as a review of the literature data on fruit and vegetable juice processing in terms of three key parameters in juice production, which are microbial reduction, enzyme inactivation, and nutrient-compound retention. The alternatives taken into consideration in this work can be divided, according to the action mechanism upon which these are based, in non-conventional thermal treatments, among which microwave heating (MWH) and ohmic heating (OH), and non-thermal treatments, among which electrical treatments, i.e., pulsed electric fields (PEF), high-pressure processing (HPP), radiation treatments such as ultraviolet light (UVL) and high-intensity pulsed light (PL), and sonication (HIUS) treatment, and inert-gas treatments, i.e., the pressure change technology (PCT) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) treatments. For each technology, a list of the main critical process parameters (CPP), advantages (PROS), and disadvantages (CONS) will be provided. In addition, for the non-thermal technologies, a summary of the most relevant published result of their application on fruit and vegetable juices will be presented. On top of that, a comparison of typical specific working energy costs for the main effective and considered technologies will be reported in terms of KJ per kilograms of processed product.
Lateral- or prone-position video-assisted thoracic surgery for dumbbell-type posterior mediastinal tumors: pros and cons
Authors: Matsumura Yuki , Yamaguchi Hikaru , Watanabe Kazuyuki , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurgery for dumbbell-type posterior mediastinal tumors (D-PMTs) is difficult because surgeons should confirm the tumor’s extension into the spinal cord and pay attention to the Adamkiewicz artery. We describe two patients of D-PMTs who underwent lateral- or prone-position video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). In patient 1 (a 70-year-old woman), the tumor extended to the spinal canal through the fourth thoracic intervertebral foramen. After hemi-laminectomies, she was moved to the lateral position, and the tumor was resected. In patient 2 (a 16-year-old boy), the tumor extended to the spinal canal through the seventh thoracic intervertebral foramen. Additionally, 320-row high-resolution computed tomography showed Adamkiewicz arteries running through the sixth and eighth thoracic intervertebral foramina. After laminectomy, the tumor was resected without repositioning. Prone-position VATS is a useful approach for D-PMTs because it provides a better view of the vertebrae compared with the lateral position. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.
SEOM Clinical Guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2021)
Authors: Majem Margarita , de las Peñas Ramon , Virizuela Juan Antonio , Cabezón-Gutiérrez Luís , Cruz Patricia , Lopez-Castro Rafael , Méndez Miriam , Mondéjar Rebeca , Muñoz María del Mar , Escobar Yolanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong the side effects of anticancer treatment, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most feared given its high prevalence, affecting up to 40% of patients. It can impair patient’s quality of life and provoke low adherence to cancer treatment or chemotherapy dose reductions that can comprise treatment efficacy. Suffering CINV depends on factors related to the intrinsic emetogenicity of antineoplastic drugs and on patient characteristics. CINV can appear at different times regarding the administration of antitumor treatment and the variability of risk according to the different antitumor regimens has, as a consequence, the need for a different and adapted antiemetic treatment prophylaxis to achieve the desired objective of complete protection of the patient in the acute phase, in the late phase and in the global phase of emesis. As a basis for the recommendations, the level of emetogenicity of anticancer treatment is considered and they are classified as high, moderate, low and minimal emetogenicity and these recommendations are based on the use of antiemetic drugs with a high therapeutic index: anti 5-HT, anti-NK and steroids. Despite having highly effective treatments, clinical reality shows that they are not applied enough, so evidence-based recommendations are needed to show the best options and help in decision-making. To cover all the antiemetic prophylaxis options, we have also included recommendations for oral treatments, multiday regimens and radiation-induced emesis prevention.
A novel optimized design of a piezoelectric-driven 4-stage amplified compliant microgripper using a 2-step multi-objective algorithm
Authors: Haghshenas Gorgani Hamid , Shabani Sharif , Honarmand Mohammadmahdi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Advancements in microscale technologies have prompted a demand for high precision micro-manipulation. Microgrippers are the primary means of conducting micro-scale operations, and they significantly affect the procedure's performance. This paper presents a novel optimized design for compliant microgrippers, intending to enhance functionality and durability. The mainframe of the proposed microgripper is based on a compact flexure-based compliant structure with four stages of movement amplification. Experiments were designed based on the L25 Taguchi orthogonal arrays. The experiments were conducted using the finite element method in Abaqus 6.14 workbench. Range of motion and maximum created mechanical stress are selected as the two fundamental goals of the optimization. A variety of designs are achieved using the proposed algorithm. The use of Analytical Hierarchy Process has led to the presentation of an efficient and well-defined algorithm to perform decisions. The decision process can be performed with regard to specific requirements of various applications. The presented design process of microgrippers has the potential for customized manufacturing for specific applications.

Article Highlights

Finding correlations between design parameters and outputs (Amplification factor & Stress), using Taguchi's method in design of experiments (DOE).

Optimization of dimensional inputs using a multi-objective genetic algorithm process to achieve an optimal Pareto-front instead of a single design point.

Selecting the desirable point on the optimal Pareto-front for specific applications using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prevent possible decision-making errors.
Real fracture toughness of FRC and FGC: size and boundary effects
Authors: Elakhras A. A. , Seleem M. H. , Sallam H. E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present dilemma is how to simulate the real crack in full depth (FD) fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), FD FRC, to get the actual fracture toughness of such fibrous composites, i.e., through-thickness pre-cracks are inappropriate for such materials. To overcome this dilemma, a new technique was adopted to create a pre-matrix crack (MC) without cutting the fibers bridging the two surfaces of the pre-crack. The main objective of the present work is to study the size and boundary effects on the real fracture toughness of MC-FD FRC and functionally graded concrete (FGC). Forty-eight MC-FD FRC and MC-FGC beams with three different span to depth ratios L/d equal 4, 5, and 6, and three different beam depths of the same beam span have been tested under three-point bending. All beams have the same pre-MC length to beam depth ratio (a
o/d) of 1/3. Hooked end steel fibers of 1% fiber volume fraction produced FRC. FGC beams consist of three equal layers, FRC layer at the tension side, normal strength concrete layer at the middle of the beam, and high strength concrete layer at the compression side. The applied load versus all beams' crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) curves have been analyzed. The present load/CMOD results showed that beams having constant L/d ratios are recommended to capture independent size effect parameters. The size effect law (SEL) and boundary effect model (BEM) are good candidates to predict the size effect. According to the maximum non-damaged defect concept, the SEL is more reliable in predicting MC FD FRC fracture toughness than BEM.
Crafting granular stories with child-like embodied, affective and sensory encounters that attune to the world’s differential becoming
Authors: Osgood Jayne , Odegard Nina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we explore what decentring the child in posthumanism does to our research practices, to our conceptualisations of and relationalities to the child. Crucially, we explore the imperative for other ways to encounter the child – that pursue a decolonising and de/recentralising agenda. We pursue tentacular lines of enquiry through a series of interwoven stories – some more familiar than others. It is by queering old narratives that new and unexpected stories concerning pedagogical documentation, sustainability and environmental education, and the child’s contaminated connection to ‘nature’ begin to emerge. This paper attempts to mobilise ‘the posthuman child’ as feral, an uncomfortable in-between that invites us to grapple with the disease of life on a damaged planet. Central to our storytelling is recycled, ‘natural’ materials found in a Reggio Emilia kindergarten in Norway. Specifically, cork has guided us; insisting that we take the non-innocence of matter to the heart of enquiries. We do this to illustrate the potential of feminist new materialism to respond with situated, embodied, affective insights and provocations that might offer ways to consume, cohabit and wrestle in more care-full ways with the Anthropocene ecologies that we are intricately and endlessly enmeshed in.
Analysis of ice-sheet temperature profiles from low-frequency airborne remote sensing
Authors: Jezek Kenneth C. , Yardim Caglar , Johnson Joel T. , Macelloni Giovanni , Brogioni Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIce internal temperature and basal geothermal heat flux (GHF) are analyzed along a study line in northwestern Greenland. The temperatures were obtained from a previously reported inversion of airborne microwave brightness-temperature spectra. The temperatures vary slowly through the upper ice sheet and more rapidly near the base increasing from ~259 K near Camp Century to values near the melting point near NorthGRIP. The flow-law rate factor is computed from temperature data and analytic expressions. The rate factor increases from ~1 × 10−8to 8 × 10−8kPa−3a−1along the line. A laminar flow model combined with the depth-dependent rate factor is used to estimate horizontal velocity. The modeled surface velocities are about a factor of 10 less than interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) surface velocities. The laminar velocities are fitted to the InSAR velocities through a factor of 8 enhancement of the rate factor for the lower 25% of the column. GHF values retrieved from the brightness temperature spectra increase from ~55 to 84 mW m−2from Camp Century to NorthGRIP. A strain heating correction improves agreement with other geophysical datasets near Camp Century and NEEM but differ by ~15 mW m−2in the central portion of the profile.
The Persistence in Gendering: Work-Family Policy in Britain since Beveridge
Authors: CHANFREAU JENNY 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the historical policy pathways that have led to the constellation of policies that both reflect and shape the current gender order can reveal reasons for the persistence of gender inequality in paid work and unpaid family care. Bringing together existing research and policy critique with Carol Bacchi’s framework of policy as ‘gendering practices’, this paper focuses on the role of policy as a process that constructs and upholds an unequal gender order. The discussion traces how UK social policies have since the establishment of the post-war welfare state articulated and positioned gendered possibilities for combining paid work and childrearing, shaping gendered and classed work-family life courses. The analysis illustrates that British social policy has not been consistently committed to a more equal gender regime but instead maintained a heteronormative family ideal and thus, despite various policy changes, the gendering of ‘the worker’ and ‘the parent’ as conceptualised in UK policy has persisted over the last several decades.
Social Policy and Queer Lives: Coming Out of the Closet?
Authors: GREGORY LEE , MATTHEWS PETER 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial Policy as an academic discipline has been at the forefront of many progressive movements in society, exploring problems of poverty, hardship, exclusion and suffering, government intervention, and the critical appraisal of those interventions. Yet it has been strangely silent on issues of sexual identity and gender identity and the inequities faced by the LGBTQ+ community. In this article we draw upon lesbian and gay studies, and queer studies, to, first, unpack how heteronormativity is reinforced in social policy in practice and in its analysis within Social Policy as a discipline. This illustrates how the family, as a core basis for welfare in societies, has meant that, reflexively, the base unit of analysis within Social Policy has been the heterosexual family, without a full interrogation of what this means for different groups. Second, we review the limited evidence available around the inequalities LGBTQ+ people face, primarily in the UK (and wider global North), highlighting how the years of oppression have made “counting” this group of people difficult within our usual survey instruments. Thus, while Social Policy has aimed to achieve a universal social citizenship for all, it has inadvertently remained silent on how to include LGBTQ+ in its analysis.
Narratives of Social Conflict in the Merstallinger Trial, 1883
Authors: Pajakowski Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe robbery of Viennese shoe manufacturer Josef Merstallinger on 4 July 1882 led to a political trial of social radicals the following year. When Merstallinger's assailants were arrested, they admitted to the crime and professed to have carried it out to raise funds for the radical socialist movement. In response, the police arrested dozens of radical activists and eventually charged twenty-nine people with crimes including high treason. The authorities, including the chief of the Vienna police and state's attorney, characterized the robbery as part of an international anarchist conspiracy that threatened violent revolution against the basis of Austrian and European civilization. The trial was thus intended to cripple the radical organization and demonstrate the dangers socialist politics posed to the public. A counternarrative for the defendants stressed the relative harmlessness of the radical movement, general harmony of Austrian social relations, and rights of the accused to free speech and to protection from arbitrary treatment by the police. A public jury trial suggested the greater persuasiveness of the latter narrative, as the jury acquitted the defendants of all charges except those directly related to the robbery.
Social robots as depictions of social agents
Authors: Clark Herbert H. , Fischer Kerstin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocial robots serve people as tutors, caretakers, receptionists, companions, and other social agents. People know that the robots are mechanical artifacts, yet they interact with them as if they were actual agents. How is this possible? The proposal here is that people construe social robots not as social agentsper se, but asdepictionsof social agents. They interpret them much as they interpret ventriloquist dummies, hand puppets, virtual assistants, and other interactive depictions of people and animals. Depictions as a class consist of three physical scenes with part-by-part mappings between them: (a) a base scene (the raw physical artifact), (b) the depiction proper (the artifact construed as a depiction), and (c) the scene depicted (the scene people are to imagine). With social robots, evidence shows people form the same three scenes plus mappings: They perceive the raw machinery of a robot, construe it as a depiction of a character, and, using the depiction as a guide, engage in the pretense that they are interacting with the character depicted. With social robots, people also recognize three classes of agents – the characters depicted, the intended recipients of the depictions (those who view or interact with the robots), and the authorities responsible for the robots (the designers, makers, and owners). Construing social robots as depictions, we argue, accounts for many phenomena not covered by alternative models.
Public health implications of plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting a major anthropogenic river of India
Authors: Singh Nambram Somendro , Singhal Neelja , Kumar Manish , Virdi Jugsharan Singh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli inhabiting anthropogenic rivers is an important public health concern because plasmid-mediated AMR genes can easily spread to other pathogens by horizontal gene transfer. Besides β-lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides are the major antibiotics against E. coli. In the present study, we have investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli isolated from a major river of northern India. Our results revealed that majority of the strains were phenotypically susceptible for fluoroquinolones and some aminoglycosides like amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin and gentamicin. However, 16.39% of the strains were resistant for streptomycin, 8.19% for kanamycin and 3.30% for gentamicin. Of the various PMQR genes investigated, only qnrS1 was present in 24.59% of the strains along with ISEcl2. Aminoglycoside-resistance genes like strA-strB were found to be present in 16.39%, aphA1 in 8.19% and aacC2 in only 3.30% of the strains. Though, no co-relation was observed between phenotypic resistance for fluorquinolones and presence of PMQR genes, phenotypic resistance for streptomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin exactly co-related with the presence of the genes strA-strB, aphA1 and aacC2, respectively. Moreover, all the AMR genes discerned in aquatic E. coli were found to be situated on conjugative plasmids and, thus easily transferrable. Our study accentuates the importance of routine surveillance of urban rivers to curtail the spread of AMR genes in aquatic pathogens.
The identification of abnormalities on radiotherapy CT planning scans: a retrospective audit
Authors: Cameron Josie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Therapeutic radiographers are an essential part of a cancer patient’s journey and play a vital and changing role in the delivery of radiotherapy services. This retrospective audit highlights the number of incidental abnormalities found by a Breast Advanced Practitioner on radiotherapy computed tomography (CT) planning scans and their subsequent management.

Methods:
This retrospective audit investigated the incidental abnormalities found by the Breast Advanced Practitioner on routine CT planning scans for breast cancer patients 2016–2021. Any breast cancer patient found to have an abnormality had their planning scan uploaded to the national picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) system for radiology review. Further formal CT imaging was requested or direct referral to an appropriate multi-disciplinary team meeting.

Results:
Sixty-three significant abnormalities were found over the five-year period, of these thirty seven were malignant and the majority of these were lung lesions. Seven patients went on to have surgery alone, surgery plus chemoradiation or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for their newly diagnosed lung primaries. Five patients were found to have liver metastases that unfortunately changed their treatment plan to palliative.

Conclusion:
This retrospective audit has demonstrated that CT planning for radiotherapy offers an opportunity to identify malignant abnormalities at a potentially early stage, thereby improving prognosis and survival. Radiographers have a duty of care to appraise these CT scans to ensure any abnormalities can be addressed in a timely manner.