bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Higgs boson mass as fundamental parameter of the minimal supersymmetric standard model
Authors: El-Kosseifi Rima , Kneur Jean-Loic , Moultaka Gilbert , Zerwas Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) the mass of the lightest neutral Higgs boson is determined by the supersymmetric parameters. In the $$m_h$$

m
h

MSSM the precisely measured Higgs boson replaces the trilinear coupling $$A_t$$

A
t

as input parameter. Expressions are derived to extract $$A_t$$

A
t

in a semi-analytical form as a function of the light Higgs boson (pole) mass. An algorithm is developed and implemented at two-loop precision, generalizable to higher orders, to perform this inversion consistently. The result of the algorithm, implemented in the SuSpect spectrum calculator, is illustrated on a parameter set compatible with LHC measurements.
Shadow, absorption and Hawking radiation of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity
Authors: Li Qian , Ma Chen , Zhang Yu , Lin Zhi-Wen , Duan Peng-Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the black hole shadow, absorption cross section, and Hawking radiation of a massless scalar field in the background of a static spherically symmetric black hole spacetime that is surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity. Specifically, the effects of the parameters a and $$\beta $$
β
on the photon sphere and shadow radii are investigated. The results show that as the negative parameter $$\beta $$
β
decreases, the photon sphere and shadow radii change in an N-shape. In addition, the absorption cross section obtained after solving the massless Klein–Gordon equation is calculated using the sinc approximation and the partial waves method. We compare the absorption cross section obtained by the sinc approximation and the partial waves method, and find it to be exceptionally consistent in the mid-to-high frequency region. Furthermore, the effects of parameters a and $$\beta $$
β
on absorption are examined in detail. Finally, we study in detail the effects of the parameters a, $$\beta $$
β
and l on the Hawking radiation power emission spectrum of the considered black hole. It turns out that the string parameter a always suppresses the power emission spectrum, indicating that such black holes live longer when the string parameter a is increased while other parameters are fixed.
On the adoption of e-moped sharing systems
Authors: Fiorini Stefano , Ciavotta Michele , Joglekar Sagar , Šćepanović Sanja , Quercia Daniele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the emerging of novel shared mobility solutions that provide diffused on-demand access to transportation. The widespread adoption of these solutions, particularly electric mopeds (e-mopeds), is expected to bring important benefits such as the reduction of noise and atmospheric pollution, and road congestion, with extensive repercussions on liveability and quality of life in urban areas. Currently, almost no effort has been devoted to exploring the adoption patterns of e-moped sharing services, therefore, optimal management and allocation of vehicles appears to be a problem for service managers. In this study, we tried to demonstrate the validity of the hypothesis that the adoption of electric mopeds depends on the built environment and demographic aspects of each neighbourhood. In detail, we singled out three features concerning the area characteristics (distance from centre, walkability, concentration of places) and one about the population (education index). The results obtained on a real world case study show the strong impact these factors have in determining the adoption of e-moped sharing services. Finally, an analysis was conducted on the possible role that the electric moped sharing can play in social equalization by studying the interactions between rich and poor neighbourhoods. The results of the analyses conducted indicate that communities within a city tend to aggregate by wealth and isolate themselves from one another (social isolation): very few interactions, in terms of trajectories, have been observed between the richest and poorest areas of the city under study.
Global Gene Expression Regulation Mediated by TGFβ Through H3K9me3 Mark
Authors: Naik Ankit , Dalpatraj Nidhi , Thakur Noopur 
Published: July 2022

Background: Epigenetic alterations play an important part in carcinogenesis. Different biological responses, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, invasion, and senescence, are affected by epigenetic alterations in cancer. In addition, growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) are important regulators of tumorigenesis. Our understanding of the interplay between the epigenetic bases of tumorigenesis and growth factor signaling in tumorigenesis is rudimentary. Some studies suggest a link between TGFβ signaling and the heterochromatinizing histone mark H3K9me3. There is evidence for signal-dependent interactions between R-Smads and histone methyltransferases. However, the effects of TGFβ signaling on genome wide H3K9me3 landscape remains unknown. Our research examines TGFβ -induced genome-wide H3K9me3 in prostate cancer. Method: Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing was performed to analyze genome-wide association of H3K9me3 epigenetic mark. DAVID Functional annotation tool was utilized to understand the involvement of different Biological Processes and Molecular Function. MEME-ChIP tool was also used to analyze known and novel DNA-binding motifs. Results: H3K9me3 occupancy appears to increase at intronic regions after short-term (6 hours) TGFβ stimulation and at distal intergenic regions during long-term stimulation (24 hours). We also found evidence for a possible association of SLC transporters with H3K9me3 mark in presence of TGFβ during tumorigenesis. No direct correlation was found between the occupancy of H3K9me3 mark and the expression of various genes. The epigenetic mechanisms-mediated regulation of gene expression by TGFβ was concentrated at promoters rich in SRY and FOXJ3 binding sites. Conclusion: Our results point toward a positive association of oncogenic function of TGFβ and the H3K9me3 mark and provide a context to the role of H3K9me3 in TGFβ-induced cell migration and cell adhesion. Interestingly, these functions of TGFβ through H3K9me3 mark regulation seem to depend on transcriptional activation in contrast to the conventionally known repressive nature of H3K9me3.
Prospective analysis of factors precluding the initiation of durvalumab from an interim analysis of a phase II trial of S-1 and cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy followed by durvalumab for unresectable, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Japan (SAMURAI study)
Authors: Tanzawa Shigeru , Makiguchi Tomonori , Tasaka Sadatomo , Inaba Megumi , Ochiai Ryosuke , Nakamura Junya , Inoue Koji , Kishikawa Takayuki , Nakashima Masanao , Fujiwara Keiichi , Kohyama Tadashi , Ishida Hiroo , Kuyama Shoichi , Miyazawa Naoki , Nakamura Tomomi , Miyawaki Hiroshi , Oda Naohiro , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Morinaga Ryotaro , Kusaka Kei , Miyamoto Yosuke , Yokoyama Toshihide , Matsumoto Chiaki , Tsuda Takeshi , Ushijima Sunao , Shibata Kazuhiko , Shibayama Takuo , Bessho Akihiro , Kaira Kyoichi , Misumi Toshihiro , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Matsutani Noriyuki , Seki Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Background: The standard of care for unresectable, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab, based on the PACIFIC trial. Disease progression and pneumonitis were reported as the main reasons to preclude the initiation of durvalumab in multiple retrospective studies. However, the transition rate and the reasons for failure to proceed to consolidation therapy with durvalumab after CRT were not evaluated prospectively. Although phase II studies in Japan have shown high efficacy and tolerability of CRT with cisplatin + S-1 (SP), no prospective study using durvalumab after SP-based CRT has yet been reported. We therefore conducted a phase II study to verify the efficacy and safety of durvalumab following SP-based CRT. In this interim analysis, we report the transition rate and the reasons for its failure. Methods: In treatment-naïve LA-NSCLC, cisplatin (60 mg/m2, day 1) and S-1 (80–120 mg/body, days 1–14) were administered with two 4-week cycles with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (60 Gy) followed by durvalumab every 2 weeks for up to 12 months. The primary endpoint was 12 month progression-free survival rate. Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, of whom 86.4% (51/59) proceeded to durvalumab. All of them initiated durvalumab within 42 days after CRT [median 18 days (range: 3–38)], including 27.5% (14/51) in <14 days. Common reasons for failure to proceed to durvalumab were disease progression (2/59, 3.4%) and adverse events (6/59, 10.2%). Among the latter cases, four resumed treatment and proceeded to durvalumab within 42 days on off-protocol. The objective response rate and the disease control rate were 62.7% and 93.2%, respectively. The incidences of ⩾grade 3 pneumonitis, febrile neutropenia, and esophagitis were 0%, 8.5%, and 3.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Regarding durvalumab after CRT, this interim analysis of the SAMURAI study clarified the high transition rate, early introduction, and reasons for failure to proceed to consolidation therapy, which were not determined in the PACIFIC trial. Trial registration: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs031190127, registered 1 November, 2019, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031190127 .
Sandwich Technique for Large Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Holwein C. , Jungmann P.M. , Suchowierski J. , Gersing A.S. , Wörtler K. , Brucker P.U. , Angele P. , Imhoff A.B. , Vogt S. 
Published: July 2022

Objective To evaluate whether a sandwich technique procedure for large osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the medial femur condyle reduces clinical symptoms and improves activity level as well as to assess repair tissue integration on MRI over 2 years. Design Twenty-one patients (median age: 29 years, 18-44 years) who received matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) combined with cancellous bone grafting at the medial femur condyle in a 1-step procedure were prospectively included. Patients were evaluated before surgery (baseline) as well as 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, including clinical evaluation, Lysholm score, Tegner Activity Rating Scale, and MRI with Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score and a modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Results Seventeen patients were available for the 24-month (final) follow-up (4 dropouts). Lysholm significantly improved from 48 preoperatively stepwise to 95 at final follow-up ( P < 0.05). Tegner improvement from 2.5 at baseline to 4.0 at final follow-up was not significant ( P = 1.0). MOCART score improved significantly and stepwise from 65 at 3 months to 90 at 24 months ( P < 0.05). Total WORMS improved from 14.5 at surgery to 7.0 after 24 months ( P < 0.05). Body mass index and defect size at surgery correlated with total WORMS at final follow-up ( P < 0.05) but did not correlate with clinical scores or defect filling. Conclusion MACT combined with cancellous bone grafting at the medial femoral condyle reduces symptoms continuously over 2 years. A 1-step procedure may reduce perioperative morbidity. However, despite improvements, patients’ activity levels remain low, even 2 years after surgery.
Dose-response analysis of aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan
Authors: Tien Yun , Huang Hsiang-Ping , Liao Ding-Lieh , Huang Shang-Chien 
Published: July 2022

Background: Aripiprazole is a third-generation antipsychotic agent with acceptable efficacy and a good safety profile. Previous studies have indicated the therapeutic serum concentration of aripiprazole to be 100 to 350 ng/ml; however, most of these studies examined a Western population. Patients with schizophrenia from Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital in central Taiwan were recruited to analyze the dose–response relationship of aripiprazole in the Chinese population. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether a serum concentration of aripiprazole higher than the current suggested range leads to higher response rates. Design: A prospective cohort study was designed to investigate the response rates in different studied cohorts grouped by serum concentration of aripiprazole. Data Sources and Methods: Data of 64 patients who presented to a single medical center in central Taiwan and who received therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) were obtained. Serum concentrations of aripiprazole were correlated with the clinical response of patients by using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scores. Results: The mean concentration of aripiprazole was 432.1 ± 275.1 ng/ml in the study cohort. Among the much-improved patients, the mean serum concentration of aripiprazole was 494 ± 273 ng/ml (25th–75th percentiles 264–666 ng/ml), which was higher than the current recommended therapeutic target of 100–350 ng/ml for aripiprazole. The response rate in the severe group (baseline CGI score of 6 or 7) was significantly higher than in the moderate group (baseline CGI score of 4 or 5; 86.7% versus 55.9%, p = 0.007). Conclusion: A significantly higher response rate was observed in the study cohort with serum aripiprazole concentrations over 300 ng/ml. Therefore, dosing higher than the current recommended range may potentially improve the treatment efficacy in the Chinese population. Because the serum concentration varies among patients due to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, TDM, especially in outpatients, is recommended if the clinical response is limited.
Use of Modeling to Inform Decision Making in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Johnson Karl , Biddell Caitlin B. , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Swann Julie , Delamater Paul , Mayorga Maria , Ivy Julie , Smith Raymond L. , Patel Mehul D. 
Published: July 2022

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has popularized computer-based decision-support models, which are commonly used to inform decision making amidst complexity. Understanding what organizational decision makers prefer from these models is needed to inform model development during this and future crises. Methods. We recruited and interviewed decision makers from North Carolina across 9 sectors to understand organizational decision-making processes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic ( N = 44). For this study, we identified and analyzed a subset of responses from interviewees ( n = 19) who reported using modeling to inform decision making. We used conventional content analysis to analyze themes from this convenience sample with respect to the source of models and their applications, the value of modeling and recommended applications, and hesitancies toward the use of models. Results. Models were used to compare trends in disease spread across localities, estimate the effects of social distancing policies, and allocate scarce resources, with some interviewees depending on multiple models. Decision makers desired more granular models, capable of projecting disease spread within subpopulations and estimating where local outbreaks could occur, and incorporating a broad set of outcomes, such as social well-being. Hesitancies to the use of modeling included doubts that models could reflect nuances of human behavior, concerns about the quality of data used in models, and the limited amount of modeling specific to the local context. Conclusions. Decision makers perceived modeling as valuable for informing organizational decisions yet described varied ability and willingness to use models for this purpose. These data present an opportunity to educate organizational decision makers on the merits of decision-support modeling and to inform modeling teams on how to build more responsive models that address the needs of organizational decision makers. Highlights Organizations from a diversity of sectors across North Carolina (including public health, education, business, government, religion, and public safety) have used decision-support modeling to inform decision making during COVID-19. Decision makers wish for models to project the spread of disease, especially at the local level (e.g., individual cities and counties), and to help estimate the outcomes of policies. Some organizational decision makers are hesitant to use modeling to inform their decisions, stemming from doubts that models could reflect nuances of human behavior, concerns about the accuracy and precision of data used in models, and the limited amount of modeling available at the local level.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcome of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Using a Human Allogeneic Cortical Bone Screw
Authors: Hanslik-Schnabel Beatrice , Flöry Daniel , Borchert Gudrun H. , Schanda Jakob E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Different fixation techniques are established for first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis, including compression screws, plates, Kirschner wires, metal- and bioabsorbable screws as well as staples. The purpose of this study was to investigate and present first clinical and radiologic results using a novel human, allogeneic cortical bone screw for arthrodesis of the first MTPJ. Methods: Arthrodesis of the first MTPJ was performed in 31 patients with hallux rigidus. Percentage union and time to union were the first outcomes; visual analog scale for pain, hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux score were secondary outcomes. Results: Median time to union was 89 days, and union was observed in all patients. There were 4 complications (2 osteolysis margin, 1 cystic brightening, and 1 severe swelling at the first follow-up) all of that resolved at last follow-up. Pain significantly decreased from visual analog scale 8.0 to 0.2 points ( P < .0001). The HVA decreased from 30.4 to 10.2 degrees in the patient group with deformities. The total AOFAS score increased significantly from 48 to 87 ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Primary and revision arthrodesis of hallux rigidus with the human, allogeneic cortical bone screw reveals satisfying results similar to clinical and radiologic outcomes of other surgical techniques. Within 1 year, the human, allogeneic cortical bone screw is fully remodeled to host bone. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series without control group.
The liver in sepsis: molecular mechanism of liver failure and their potential for clinical translation
Authors: Beyer Dustin , Hoff Jessica , Sommerfeld Oliver , Zipprich Alexander , Gaßler Nikolaus , Press Adrian T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiver failure is a life-threatening complication of infections restricting the host's response to infection. The pivotal role of the liver in metabolic, synthetic, and immunological pathways enforces limits the host's ability to control the immune response appropriately, making it vulnerable to ineffective pathogen resistance and tissue damage. Deregulated networks of liver diseases are gradually uncovered by high-throughput, single-cell resolved OMICS technologies visualizing an astonishing diversity of cell types and regulatory interaction driving tolerogenic signaling in health and inflammation in disease. Therefore, this review elucidates the effects of the dysregulated host response on the liver, consequences for the immune response, and possible avenues for personalized therapeutics.
Granulin as an important immune molecule involved in lamprey tissue repair and regeneration by promoting cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Sun Ruixiang , Wang Dong , Song Yuxuan , Li Qingwei , Su Peng , Pang Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that regulates cell proliferation, migration, wound healing, and tissue repair in mammals. Lamprey is the most primitive of the extant vertebrates and is regarded as the survivor of a once flourishing group of paleozoic vertebrates, with a history of more than 500 million years. To date, the evolutionary dynamics and the underlying function of the PGRNs remain largely unclear in lamprey. Here, we screened four genes encoding PGRNs from the genomes of Lethenteron reissneri and Petromyzon marinus, including one long form (named Lr-PGRN-L) and three short forms (named Lr-PGRN-S1, Lr-PGRN-S2, and Lr-PGRN-S3), and performed phylogenetic tree, functional domain, and synteny analyses to identify the evolutionary history of the four Lr-PGRNs. In addition, the expressions of the four Lr-pgrn family genes and the immune response against various pathogenic challenges were also investigated. We found that these genes were widely distributed in various tissues of lamprey and performed a variety of functions. Moreover, our results suggest that Lr-PGRN-S1 induces cell migration and proliferation, and is involved in repair after skin and spinal cord injury under appropriate conditions. Our findings are valuable because they improve the understanding of the evolutionary relationship of vertebrate pgrn genes, as well as providing new insights into the diverse and important roles of Lr-PGRNs.
Comprehensive overview of COVID-19-related respiratory failure: focus on cellular interactions
Authors: Zamani Rarani Fahimeh , Zamani Rarani Mohammad , Hamblin Michael R. , Rashidi Bahman , Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created health challenges in all parts of the world. Understanding the entry mechanism of this virus into host cells is essential for effective treatment of COVID-19 disease. This virus can bind to various cell surface molecules or receptors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), to gain cell entry. Respiratory failure and pulmonary edema are the most important causes of mortality from COVID-19 infections. Cytokines, especially proinflammatory cytokines, are the main mediators of these complications. For normal respiratory function, a healthy air–blood barrier and sufficient blood flow to the lungs are required. In this review, we first discuss airway epithelial cells, airway stem cells, and the expression of COVID-19 receptors in the airway epithelium. Then, we discuss the suggested molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and blood vessel damage in COVID-19. Coagulopathy can be caused by platelet activation leading to clots, which restrict blood flow to the lungs and lead to respiratory failure. Finally, we present an overview of the effects of immune and non-immune cells and cytokines in COVID-19-related respiratory failure.