bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cyfluthrin and Fenthion Ear Tags for Control of Flies on Dairy Cattle, 1991
Authors: Miller R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ear tag eflBcacy studies were conducted on 4 pastured herds (18-37 head/herd) of dairy heifers and dry dairy cows at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The herd of dry cows served as a control and received no fly control treatment. Each of the three herds of dairy heifers were tagged (2 tags/head) with either Cutter Gold, Cutter Blue, or an experimental tag containing 10% cyfluthrin during the 2nd wk of Jun. Fly density was determined by making weekly counts on 15 head of face flies/face, horn flies/side, and stable flies on front legs. Three or 4 pretreatment and 15 or 16 posttreatment counts were made.
Residual Efficacy of Starch-Encapsulated Microbial Insecticides for Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1991
Authors: Eastman C. E. , Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , McGuire M. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2 series of laboratory bioassays, DBM larvae from a laboratory colony (established in 1988 with insects from southwestern Illinois) were confined with cabbage foliage taken from field plots at varying intervals after application of microbial insecticides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Spray solutions were applied to cabbage plots with 3 hollow cone nozzles/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi on 18 Jul (first bioassay series) and 1 Aug (second bioassay series). (See Paper 10E for details of the field trial.) All products and experimental formulations contained the same amount of B. thuringiensis. Triton CS-7 adjuvant (6 oz/acre) was included in the Dipel 2 × treatment. Mid-sized DBM larvae were confined in groups of 10 in petri dishes containing 2 leaf disks on moist filter paper. Each treatment was replicated 8 times for total of 80 larvae per treatment per time interval tested. An equal number of larvae confined on foliage from untreated plots served as a control for each bioassay. Mortality of DBM larvae was determined after 3 days' exposure to the leaf disks. In the first bioassay series, DBM larvae were exposed to treated foliage 0, 3, 5, or 7 DAT, while the second bioassay series used foliage 1, 3, 6, or 8 DAT.
Control of Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1991
Authors: Johnson Donald R. , Studebaker Glenn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied on 23, 27, 31, Aug and 6, 11 Sep on ‘DPL 90’ cotton in Lonoke County, AR using a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer equipped with a CO2 powered system for spraying small plots. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10.5 gal/acre at 60 psi through TX-6 hollowcone nozzles on a 19-inch spacing. Plots were 10, 38-inch rows, 65 ft long arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. Boll weevil ratings were made 4-5 DAT by examining 25 squares/plot for boll weevil damage. Bollworms were controlled using Bolstar 6EC at 1.0 (AI)/acre in all plots. Plots were harvested on 22 Oct using a John Deere 2-row picker, harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot.
Control of Bollworm and Budworm in Cotton Using Insecticide Combinations, 1990
Authors: Johnson Donald R. , Studebaker Glenn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied on 14, Jul, 7 and 24 Aug on ‘DES 119’ cotton in Lonoke County, AR using a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer equipped with a CO2 powered system for spraying small plots. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre at 50 psi through TX-8 hollowcone nozzles on a 19-inch spacing. Plots were 10, 38-inch rows, 50 ft long arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insect counts were made at 2-3 DAT with the exception of 24 Aug after which no counts were made. Counts were made by whole plant examinations of 14 row ft in each plot counting larvae and larval damage. Plots were harvested using a John Deere 2-row picker, harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot.
Field Evaluation of Ovicidal Efficacy of Microencapsulated Profenofos, 1991
Authors: Latheef M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field trial was conducted at Texas A&M University Plantation, College Station, TX, to compare the efficacy of microencapsulated profenofos 4 CS with an EC formulation and flowable formulation of thiodicarb against TBW and CBW eggs on cotton. Cotton was planted 3 May in 1.016 m rows, and plant density averaged 114,806 plants per ha. Plants were 91.4 cm tall and contained avg 5 squares per plant when they were treated. Plots of 2, 25 m long rows per treatment were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2-compressed gas backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 157.1 liters/ha through two 8002 VS nozzles per row at 207 kPa. Windspeed was less than 8 km/h. A pretreatment sample of approximately 100 eggs was obtained for determination of species composition. Treatments were applied 5 Jul, eggs were collected 6 (1 DAT) and 8 (3 DAT) Jul, and were reared on artificial diet in a growth chamber maintained at 21.1°C and 80% RH. Eggs were not separated into brown and white color in order to obtain at least 25 eggs per treatment during each collection date.
Control of Bollworm/Budworm Complex in Mississippi Cotton, Trial II, 1992
Authors: Layton Blake , Howell Mike , Head Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 25 Jul using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray per acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. the plots, which were located in Leake County, were 8, 38 inch rows wide by 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Counts were made 3 and 6 DAT by searching the terminal area of 25 plants per plot for larvae; 4 randomly chosen squares from each plant were examined for the damage determination. No rain fell on the plots prior to the 3 DAT sample. Pretreatment infestation level within the plot area was 24% small larvae. Of 37 large larvae collected from check plots and adjacent untreated areas at 6 DAT, 92% were identified as bollworms.
Evaluation of 12 Insecticides for Aphid Control on Cotton in Mississippi, 1992:
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve treatments were evaluated for relative efficacy against aphids on cotton planted 8 May in Marrietta sandy loam soil on the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were 4 rows (96.6 cm centers), by 22 m with 4 unsprayed buffer rows. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Applications were made on 6 Jul by high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system and 2, TX4 nozzles per row spaced 48.3 cm apart. Tractor speed was 6.4 km/h and the total volume was 46.8 1/ha. The spray boom was maintained at approximately 46 cm above the average height of the terminals. Aphids were counted on one half of the abaxial surface of each of 10 leaves chosen at random within 15 m of row at each of 2 levels: a leaf 4 nodes down from the apical meristem and a mainstem leaf approximately 1/3 down the plant from the terminal. Data were adjusted to represent aphids/leaf. A fungul epizootic reduced the aphid population drastically following the 13 Jul sample and populations remained too low for evaluation for the remainder of the season.
Evaluation of Seed Treatments and In-Furrow Insecticides for Thrips Control in Cotton in Mississippi, 1992:
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve treatments were evaluated for relative efficacy against thrips on cotton planted 1 Jun in Marrietta sandy loam soil on the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. Soil and ambient temperatures were 22.6 and 25.7°C, respectively. Plots were 4 rows (96.5 cm centers) by 12.6 m with no buffer rows between plots. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Two hundred seed were planted per row for a mean of 14.8 seed/m. Seeds and granules were applied with a cone or belt-cone hopper and liquids were applied via a CO2 powered sprayer equipped with a TX-4 nozzle positioned above the furrow and calibrated for 46.7 liters/ha. Thrips counts were obtained by collecting 10 plants/plot in ziplock plastic bags and washing the thrips from the plants and washing them onto filter paper for counting under a binocular microscope. Fruit counts on 12.6 m of row were made on 8 Aug. Phytotoxicity ratings were made on a scale of 0 to 5 (0 = none, 5 = heavy).
Evaluation of Ac 303630 (Pirate) for Tobacco Budworm Control in Leflore Co., Mississippi, 1992:
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Luttrell R. G. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment assessment of a tobacco budworm infestation to determine infestation uniformity, was made by randomly scouting 25 terminals and 25 squares in each of 21 randomly chosen plots. Plots were 12 m long by 4 rows wide with 0.96 m centers. The test was applied under completely calm conditions at ca. 29°C between 6:00 and 9:00 p.m. on 3 Aug. Application of insecticides was made in a replicated (4 replications) RCB design by use of a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system at 6.4 km/h and at a volumetric application rate of 46.7 liters/ha. A boom with TX4 hollow cone nozzles spaced at 48 cm was used at a height of 45 cm above the terminals of the plants. Two rows were sprayed with 5 nozzles so that the middles between border rows were also sprayed. Posttreatment evaluation was made on 6 Aug by examining 25 terminals and 100 squares in the upper 1/3 of the plants in the center of each plot. Data were tested for homogeneity of variance prior to analysis.
Evaluation of Foliar Applied Insecticide for Spwf Control, 1991:
Authors: Sparks Alton N. , Riley David G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted in a commercial cotton field near Monte Alto, TX, to evaluate control efficacy of various insecticides and insecticide combinations against the SPWF. Experimental plots measured 1 row (40 inches) by 25 ft, with 1 buffer row between plots. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 28 May and 3 and 10 Jun with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using 3, lOx nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops) in a total volume of 50 gal/acre (at 50 psi). Adult SPWF were sampled at 24 h after each application by counting the number of adults on the third fully expanded leaf from the top on 3 plants per plot. All other stages were sampled by removing designated leaves (1st sample–4th true leaf; 2nd sample–5th leaf from terminal; 3rd sample–6th leaf from terminal) from 3 plants per plot and transporting them to the laboratory for examination. Each leaf was placed under an index card containing 5 hole punches (0.25 inch diam each) and examined under magnification. All stages were counted and totaled for each leaf. Analyses for all SPWF stages were performed on the number collected per plot (total for 3 leaves). Counts for eggs and immatures were transformed using the Log transformation of data +1 because of unequal variances. On the last sample date, plots were given a visual rating on a 5 point scale of 1 to 3 with 0.5 increments based on the relative abundance of honeydew and sooty mold (1 least amount–3 heavy sooty mold).
Evaluation of Pirate for Control of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1992:
Authors: White C. A. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Burris E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted 5 May on a Bruin silt loam soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were 4 rows (1.02 m wide) x 19.8 m and were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. All plots received in-furrow treatments to Temik 15 G, 0.56 kg(AI)/ha and Terraclor Super-X 12.5 G, 0.28 + 1.1 kg(AI)/ha. The plots were treated for aphids with Furadan 4 F, 0.56 kg(AI)/ha on 6 Jul. The plots were treated for boll weevils with methyl parafhion 4 E (0.56 kg(AI)/ha) on 20 Jun, and Guthion 2 L (0.28 k(AI)/ha) on 18 Aug. The test treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha with 2 TX-18 hollow-cone nozzles/row at 3.2 kg/cm2.Treatments were applied on 16, 21, 29 Jul, and 7 Aug to all 4 rows of the plot. BW-TBW terminal damage, BW-TBW square damage, boll weevil square damage and secondary pests evaluations were made on 23, 27 Jul and 3, 10 Aug by randomly sampling 25 squares and a 3 m section of terminals/plot. Rainfall amounts of 0.03, 0.3 and 0.7 cm occurred on 16, 21 and 29 Jul respectively. The temperature range for the period of 16 Jul to 7 Aug was 26.7-37.2°C. This study reports square damage by BW-TBW.
Planting Time Treatments for Control of Tobacco Thrips in Peanut, 1992:
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Harrison-Bryan W. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of planting time insecticide treatments was evaluated against TT injury in Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted 4 May with 36-inch row spacing. In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied into the seed furrow at planting, granules using a tractor-mounted Noble applicator, liquids using a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre at 24 psi through 1 SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to row direction. Hopper box treatments were applied at planting. The planter box was filled ½ full of seed with ½ the measured amount of product (dry) sprinkled evenly over the surface and gently mixed. The hopper box was then filled and the remainder of the product was sprinkled over the surface and gently mixed. RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 27 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0-10 scale where 0 = TT injured leaves and 10 = 100% leaves injured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1992:
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Season long control of SCB was tested in a small plot experiment located at the St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA. Thirteen insecticide treatments were evaluated in a field of first ratoon sugarcane. The experimental design used a RCB with 5 replications and each plot consisting of 3 rows (1.8 m centers), 7.3 m in length equivalent to 0.004 hectares per plot. Insecticides were applied when SCB infestations exceeded the economic threshold level of 5% of the stalks containing live larvae in the leaf sheaths. The spray treatments were applied to the sugarcane canopy of all rows in each plot with a knapsack sprayer (pressure and output ca. 1.41 kg/cm2 and 250 liters/ha, respectively). The 2 granular treatments were applied using a 400 ml shaker jar calibrated to deliver the designated amount to the canopy (Aug 5, Sep 3, and Sep 23). SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes, and total internodes from 100 randomly-selected stalks (5 replications, 20 stalks/rep) of sugarcane in each treatment (Nov 6).
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Systemic Insecticides, 1992:
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Stephenson A. S. , Etheridge A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 11 Apr in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 2 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a randomized-complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. To conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion, beds were formed in early spring; therefore, before application the beds were leveled to final transplant height by pulling the transplanter through the test site. On 13 May, the granular materials were applied to the preformed beds through 2 fertilizer shanks attached to an electrically driven, granular applicator. The shanks were positioned 12 cm on each side of the row center and 10 cm below the final bed surface. Tobacco was transplanted on 13 May with a 2-row transplanter. Soil moisture was good. Once a week after transplant, all plants in 1 row of the plot (20) were rated for aphid abundance (0-7). Using this aphid abundance data, the avg aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Baytan Seed Treatment and Insecticide Effects on Wheat Emergence and Yield, 1990-92:
Authors: Chapin Jay W. , Thomas James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At planting insecticide applications were made to fungicide treated wheat seed in 3 tests conducted on a Marlboro sandy loam in Barnwell County, SC. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 replicates. The experimental unit was a plot 50 x 5.3 ft (8 rows on 8 inch spacing). Hessian fly (HF) resistant varieties (Pioneer 2555, Test 1 and 2; Coker 9835, Test 3) were used to avoid HF yield effects. Granular insecticides were placed in-furrow with electric Gandy applicators. Disyston 8 was applied in-furrow with a CO2 pressurized aluminum manifold delivering 11.1 gal/acre at 25 psi through plastic irrigation tubing (1 mm i.d.). Broadcast application of Disyston 8 was made with a CO2 pressurized boom (10 gal/acre at 25 psi, Teejet 8001 flat fan nozzles) mounted in front of the double-disk openers. Fungicide seed treatments were applied by the Gustafson Seed Research laboratory (Tests 1 and 2) or by a commercial seed treater (Test 3). The NTN 33893 seed treatment was applied by thoroughly mixing a 40 ml-dilution with 6 lb of seed in a plastic bag. Stand and head counts were taken from 2 random 1-m samples per plot. Yields were taken by harvesting the middle 6 rows with a Almaco plot combine.
Evaluation of Insecticidal Soap, Conventional and Experimental Formulations to Control Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, university Park, PA, 1992:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatment plots were 10 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 2.2 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (27 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 88°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 70°F; RH, 72%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 60.5% sand, 35.2% silt, 7.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 8.6%; organic matter, 3.1%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.7; and cloudy skies. The total number of dead cutworms recovered from the surface of each replicate (90 ft2) were recorded through 29 Jul.
Evaluation to Manage Annual Bluegrass Weevil on a Golf Course Fairway with Conventional And Experimental Formulations in Bedford County, PA, 1992:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VAS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (11 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 68°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 71°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.125 inches; soil type, loam-silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 38.0% sand, 50.0% silt, 12.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 25.4%; organic matter, 3.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.5; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was irrigated with 0.0625 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 35 d later (15 Jun). Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of annual bluegrass larvae were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch cup cutter.
Control of the Billbug Adults on A Lawn Area in Wayne County, 1992
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was located on lawns of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 22 Apr to plots 12.2 X 12.2 m arranged in RCB replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet 8015 nozzles at 3.87 kg/cm2 pressure that delivered a volume of 1384 liter/ha. The experimental area received no posttreatment irrigation. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were: billbugs: overwintered adults active; turf: level, dry, 6.35 cm height, 75% Kentucky bluegrass, 15% Tall fescue, 10% broadleaf weeds; thatch: none; soil: moist, 58°F at 2.54 cm and 55°F at 7.62 cm; Weather: cloudy, 57°F, 5-16 km/h; water: pH 6.75. Efficacy data taken from the center 9.3 m2 of each plot Jul (78 DAT) were based on the number of live billbug larvae and pupae in 8, 10.8 cm diam samples from each plot.
Comparison of Chinch Bug Control on Buffalograss with Chlorpyrifos, Neem and Entomophagous Nematodes, 1992
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Riordan T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on a bufialograss lawn in Lincoln, NE. The buffalograss was maintained at a mowing height of 10 cm and was mowed to 5 cm prior to insecticide applications. Thatch accumulation ranged from 0 to 0.64 cm. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 26°C; soil temperature (10-cm depth), 26°C; soil type; silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.0 to 7.0; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity. Insecticides were applied on 4 Jun to 1.2 X 1.2 m plots arranged in a RCB with 5 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 nozzle at 165.5 KPa and delivering 18.9 liter spray/93 m2. Immediately following application, plots were syringed with 0.32 cm water. Product efficacy was evaluated 5 DAT (9 Jun) and 14 DAT (18 Jun) by removing from each plot three turf-soil cores to a depth of 2.54 cm with a 10.8-cm diam cup cutter (0.03 m2 total area per plot). Cores were returned to the laboratory and placed in Berlese funnels. Extracted chinch bugs were counted after 48 h.
Insecticide Evaluation for Control of the Imported Fire Ant in Houston County, Ga, 1991
Authors: Diffie Stan , Bass Max 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two 1/10 acre subplots were permanently established in each of nine 1 acre plots. Eight products, four granular and four sprays, were broadcast over one acre plot each. The granular products were applied with a ground-driven Quaker Lawn Spreader pulled behind a John Deere 850 Lawn Tractor. Sprays were applied in 55 gallons of water per acre using a pull-behind sprayer with a 20 ft boom. These applications were made on 1 Aug. Approximately 0.2 inches of rain fell on the area within twelve h. Another 0.8 inches of rain fell within 24 h of the treatment. Posttreatment counts were made in the subplots on 7 Aug, 4 Sep, 23 Oct, 26 Nov, and 12 May.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Miniature Rose, 1992
Authors: Doss M. , Pinkston K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Miniature rose growing outdoors in 1 gal containers were used to evaluate efficacy of three pesticides against TSSM. Three treatments were applied on 27 Jul, 3 and 10 Aug to four single plant replicates per treatment. Pesticide applications were made with a B & G Model 104-S hand sprayer. Rainfall occurred seven times during this test totaling 5.34 inches (0.61 inches on 2 Aug, 3.31 inches on 4 Aug, 0.68 inches on 5 Aug, 0.01 inches on 6 Aug, 0.03 inches on 10 Aug, and 0.70 inches on 11 Aug. Plants were watered with a drip irrigation system. Sampling was conducted at 7, 14, and 21 DAT using a Leedom Mite Brush. Five leaves per plant were randomly collected and mites were brushed onto a sticky glass plate for counting.