bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morse potential specific bond volume: a simple formula with applications to dimers and soft–hard slab slider
Authors: Al-Raeei Marwan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Morse potential interaction is an important type of the vibrational potentials, especially, in the quantum mechanics which is used for the describing of general vibrational cases rather than the harmonic one. Morse potential has three fitting parameters, the depth of the Morse interaction, the distance of equilibrium bond and the range parameter which determines the range of the well. The Morse interaction specific bond volume is a three dimensional image of the bond length in its molar case, and this specific volume is the generalisation in three dimensions. In this study, the integral equation theory of the simple fluids has been applied for deriving a novel formula of the specific bond volume for Morse potential based on one of the approaches in the theory and based on the boundary conditions. We find that the specific bond volume of Morse potential depends on the absolute temperature via logarithmic function and square root function, besides, the specific bond volume of Morse potential decreases when the temperature decreases for different values of the molar volume and for different values of the depth of Morse well. In addition to that, the specific bond volume of Morse potential increases when the depth of the well decreases for different temperature values. Also, it is found from the formula which we derive that the specific bond volume of Morse potential increases via linear function with the molar volume of the system for different values of temperatures. We apply the formula of the specific bond volume of Morse potential for finding this specific volume for two molecules of the hydrogen halogens, which are the hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. We find that the specific bond volume of the hydrogen chloride is greater than the one of the hydrogen fluoride. Also, we apply the formula for the two simple molecules gases which are the hydrogen molecules, and the nitrogen molecules. Besides, we apply the formula for the slab–slider system in two cases: hard and soft materials, and we concluded that the changes of the specific bond volume of the soft materials is faster than the hard materials. We believe that the formula which is found of the specific bond volume of Morse potential is general and can be applied for multiple materials.
Molecular dynamics study of fatigue behavior of nickel single-crystal under cyclic shear deformation and hyper-gravity condition
Authors: Xiao Yudi , Deng Xiaojuan , Ma Yiwu , Huang Bowen , Hu Wangyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dynamic mechanical properties play an essential role in governing the intrinsic fatigue behavior of superalloys. In this work, [001](010), [110](−110), and [101](010) pre-existing center cracks model of nickel single crystals under increasing cyclic shear deformations were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. More importantly, we introduced three hyper-gravity forces, i.e. 3 × 1012 g, 4 × 1012 g, and 5 × 1012 g, during the fatigue deformation to simulate the high-speed rotation of the blade. The stress intensity factor for the first dislocation nucleation indicates that the critical stress is strongly dependent on the hyper-gravity intensities and temperatures. The fatigue life decreased rapidly with the elevated hyper-gravity strength. Moreover, the [001](010) crack propagation shows a brittle-to-ductile transition at temperatures below 300 K and is suppressed at high temperatures. The crack length in the relation to hyper-gravity intensities is discussed and shows anisotropy along the direction of hyper-gravity. No crack propagation is observed in [110](−110) and [101](010) central crack models.
Front-like expansion and arrest of programmed cell death in brown banana spots
Authors: Steinbock Oliver , Wang Qingpu , Knoll Pamela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The spot patterns on bananas are a striking case of biological pattern formation and—as a qualitative ripeness indicator—linked to 50 million tons of wasted food per year. Ripening bananas develop these senescent spots as phenolic compounds are enzymatically oxidized and cellular integrity is lost. We characterize the dynamics of the spot expansion and their nucleation rates based on time-lapse movies. Spots nucleate for about 2 days yielding a typical density of 8 spots/cm2. The expansion is initially diffusion controlled and the effective diffusion coefficient decreases with nucleation time from 1.3 to 0.4 mm2 d−1. During and after expansion, the browning fronts maintain a steep and constant intensity gradient. We quantitatively reproduce these features by a reaction–diffusion model that considers the local oxygen concentration and browning degree of the peel. All model parameters are based on measurements and front stalling is explained by decreasing oxygen levels in the nucleation sites.
A 40 Gbps optical transceiver for particle physics experiments
Authors: Deng B. , Huang X. , Sun H. , Chao C.-P. , Chen S.-W. , Gong D. , Hou S. , Huang G. , Li C.-Y. , Liu C. , Liu T. , Sun Q. , Ye J. , Zhang L. , Zhang W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the design and the test results of a quad-channel optical transceiver module (QTRx) possibly for future particle physics experiments. The transmitters of QTRx, each at 10 Gbps, are based on a Quad-channel VCSEL Diode array Driver (QLDD) and 1 × 4 VCSEL array. The receivers of QTRx, with data rates of 2.56 Gbps or 10 Gbps per channel, are based on a Quad-channel Trans-Impedance and limiting Amplifier (QTIA) and 1 × 4 photodiode array of GaAs or InGaAs. QTRx is 20 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm and couples to an MT fiber connector. Test results indicate that QTRx achieves the design goals with a power consumption of 124 mW per transmitter channel at 10 Gbps and 120 mW at 2.56 Gbps per receiver channel with an on-chip charge pump. The sensitivities of QTIA are −17 dBm at 2.56 Gbps and −8 dBm at 10 Gbps, respectively. Further improvements with a gold-finger interface and a more compact optical lens are being designed.
A novel differential time-of-flight algorithm for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurement
Authors: Li L. , Hu Y. , Dong J. , Wu Q. , Hu T. , Zhu F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of ultrasonic gas flow meters has expanded in industrial and household fields owing to their unique advantages. The transit-time method is applied to measure the gas flow rate by determining the absolute time-of-flight (TOF). However, it is inevitable that there is a contradiction between long time scale and high time precision of absolute TOF. In this paper, a novel differential TOF (ΔT) algorithm is proposed for high-precision ultrasonic gas flow measurements. The experimental results proved that ΔT plays a decisive role in the actual flow rate calculation. Therefore, when the absolute TOF is obtained, furthermore, the high-precision ΔT is calculated by the cross-power spectrum method separately. The two echo signals are aligned and compared to obtain ΔT, instead of subtracting the absolute TOFs. Either of the two echo signals is the reference signal of each other, which also avoids the problem of finding reference signals. The results of the calibration experiment indicate that the algorithm improves the stability of zero flow drift under static conditions and the accuracy of the dynamic flow rates. The algorithm allows the adjustment of parameters to be applied to pipes of different diameters. The parameters of the algorithm can be adjusted for application to ultrasonic flow metering systems of different diameters.
Development of a compact torus injector system for central fuelling technology of EAST
Authors: Zhao Z.H. , Lan T. , Kong D.F. , Ye Y. , Zhang S.B. , Zhuang G. , Zhang X.H. , Hu G.H. , Chen C. , Wu J. , Zhang S. , Qi M.B. , Li C.H. , Yang X.M. , Nie L.Y. , Wen F. , Zi P.F. , Li L. , Meng F.W. , Li B. , Dong Q.L. , Huang Y.Q. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a compact torus (CT) injector system is
designed for experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
(EAST). The injector system consists of a coaxial electrode and four
pulsed power systems and generates self-organized CT with high
density and velocity. In addition, the performance of EAST-CTI is
evaluated using a series of diagnostics systems. The experimental
results show that the velocity, electron density, and number of
particles of the CT are 56.0 km/s,
8.73 × 1020 m-3, and 2.4 × 1018,
respectively. The detailed description and experimental results are
presented in this paper.
The design and development of DAB DC- DC converter for HF MRI superconducting magnet power supply
Authors: Dai T. , Wang F. , Xue S. , Gao P. , Zhang Z. , Qin J. , Zhou C. , Li J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
According to the design requirements of high-field (HF)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superconducting magnet power
supply, the bidirectional dual-active-bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter
is analyzed, designed and developed. This paper presents the overall
topology design of the middle stage DAB converter. In turn, the
single channel DAB converter is designed and analyzed in detail,
including magnetic component design, control system design and power
device selection. The results show that the designed converter can
meet the system requirements.
A methacrylated hyaluronic acid network reinforced Pluronic F-127 gel for treatment of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Wang Anyang , Dong Lina , Guo Zhongwei , Sun Wei , Mi Shengli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel in situ thermoresponsive gel by introducing crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) networks into Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) gel (HP gel) to achieve sustained levofloxacin (LFX) delivery in bacterial keratitis treatment. The interactions between PF-127 molecules and HA-MA networks were studied by scanning electron microscopy, rheology, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle x-ray scattering. The results showed that the HP gel exhibited a higher critical gelling temperature and lower viscosity than the PF-127 gel (P gel), and could form a uniform thin layer on the ocular surface. Moreover, the drug release profile and gel dissolution rate revealed that the HA-MA network could retard the diffusion and dissolution of drug molecules and prolong the drug release time, which corresponded to an enhanced antibacterial ability of the HP-LFX gel. Furthermore, the HP gel exhibited low cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells. Finally, an in vivo pharmacodynamic study was conducted with rabbit keratitis models. An improved treatment efficacy was observed after application of the HP-LFX gels. This study highlights the potential of HP gels in ophthalmic drug delivery.
Screening of Phytochemicals from the Ethanolic Extracts of Gnetum gnemon, Gnetum latifolium and Cynometra malaccensis of Kuala Keniam, Pahang
Authors: Ahmat N , Kamarozaman A S , Johari M S M , Abas F , Mohamad S A S , Yunoh S M M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The diversity of plants has led to various findings in the medicinal world. The abundance of bioactive compounds existing in the plant is the main factor contributing to its application in pharmaceutical industries. Gnetum gnemon, Gnetum latifolium and Cynometra malaccensis were collected from the forest area, Stesen Penyelidikan UiTM-Perhilitan, Kuala Keniam, Taman Negara, Pahang. This project focussed on profiling the bioactive constituent through phytochemical screening via Shinoda, Mayer, saponin, tannin, and terpenoid tests from the ethanolic extract of stem bark, stem, leaves and twigs of the three species. The results displayed that all plant parts showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes and tannins. These compounds might contribute to the good properties of the plants.
Enhancing soil chemical properties at plantation riparian buffer zone using leguminous cover crops: A review
Authors: Suliman Nurul Shazuwani , Kassim Nur Qursyna Boll 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The construction of a reserved area known as riparian buffer zone (RBZ) in oil palm plantation is one of the conservation measures that helps to protect the nearest water sources from negative impact of adjacent land uses. Most of the plantation planted different types of leguminous cover crops (LCCs) at the RBZ area, considering the benefits and economical planting cost. However, little is known on the changes of soil properties sited in the RBZ which has been planted with different LCCs. As such, this paper intends to review the enhancement of soil chemical properties, specifically the soil pH, soil macronutrients and soil micronutrients at RBZ planted with different LCCs. The review encompasses the most common LCCs planted which are limited to Mucuna bracteate, Pueraria phaseoloides, Clitoria ternate, Calopogonium mucuinodes and Centrosema pubescens. The effects of these LCCs on abovementioned soil properties were discussed and the issues on fertilizer run-off as well as the impact on the soil chemical properties at RBZ is critically reviewed. Findings showed that the planting of LCCs demonstrate a positive uptake of the run-off nutrients from adjacent land use, reflected by the amount of nutrients fixed by the LCCs as well as nutrients left in the soil. The findings also reveal that there is evidence on the enhancement of soil fertility in RBZ, due to the decomposition process followed by nutrient recycling of LCCs residues. This review suggested that the planting of LCCs in RBZ can enhance the soil chemical properties, reducing the fertilizer run-off through efficient nutrient uptake and act as the buffer zone to conserve the nearest water sources, leading to the sustainable environment in oil palm plantation.
Preliminary Study on the Distribution and Diversity of Diptera at Tuba Island Reserve Forest, Langkawi Malaysia
Authors: Nizam N A , Mohd Najib C N I I , Yusof N N Md. , Mohammad Naser N B , Mohd Hatta S K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Insects, the ecologically important organisms, contribute most to the world’s biodiversity. A study on distribution to diversity of order Diptera was conducted in a selected area of Tuba Island Forest Reserve, Langkawi from 17th September to 21st September 2020 using Malaise traps. Three study sites which were forest fringe, middle forest and inner forest were chosen. A total of 5450 individuals of Diptera belonging to 18 families and 27 morphospecies were collected in this study. Diptera samples were highly abundant in the forest fringe with Mycetophilidae as the most abundant family recorded, while the least abundant family was Drosophilidae. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed that the forest fringe had the highest diversity value (H’=2.05), followed by the inner forest (H’=0.67) and middle forest (H’=0.45). The highest Evenness Index (E’) value was recorded from the inner forest with E’=0.66 while the highest value for Margalef Richness Index (R’) was from the forest fringe which was 1.91. The Kruskal-Wallis H test conducted indicates that there was a significant difference in the distribution of Dipteran across the three locations of the forest with P<0.05. Overall, this study suggested that the diversity of order Diptera was higher in the forest fringe compared to the middle and the inner forest. This study is important as it is helpful for future study of Diptera species in Tuba Island as well as for conservation measures in the island ecosystem.
Relationship between Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentration and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) throughout Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Talib Noorfatekah , Sa’aidi Nur Amira Mohd , Narashid Rohayu Haron , Zaki Nurul Ain Mohd , Saad Nurhafiza Md , Abdullah Suzanah , Mohd Fazly Amri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A particular matter (PM2.5) is a small particle in the air that reduces visibility and causes air to fade when raised. It is one of the parameters that contribute to air pollution. There are a few causes of air pollution. It can appear in solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are suspended in the air. Consequently, pollution can significantly and negatively impact human health. This study aimed to explore the relationship between concentrations of PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) throughout Peninsular Malaysia using the GIS approach. The tabular data of PM2.5 was acquired from the Department of Environment and overlaid with the MODIS satellite image. A correlation test was performed using QGIS software using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) technique. Then, by using the Air Pollution Index data and the value of Aerosol Optical Depth, this study can identify the values that influence the pollutants by studying the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD using MODIS satellite images. The linear regression of PM2.5 concentration with the MODIS AOD has shown significant differences. This study aligns with the eleven Sustainable Development Goals which are focused on sustainable cities and communities, to reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities per capita, especially the air quality such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in cities.
Impact Of Movement Control Order (MCO) Of Covid-19 Pandemic on Aerosol Optical Depth Over Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Alias Ahmad Fadhilah Bin , Salim Pauziyah Binti Mohammad , Latif Zulkiflee Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently in 2020, the spread of the Virus COVID-19 leads the government of Malaysia to enforce for a Movement Control Order (MCO) in order to curb the pendamic. Thus, this study aims to analyse aerosol optical depth from MODIS aerosol product over Peninsular Malaysia before and during the MCO. Data before MCO shows a higher AOD concentration in major part of the eastern coast of the peninsular. This might be due mostly to the long range transport of agricultural or biomass burning season that occur in the Mekong sub-region area as reported by ASEAN Specialised Metrological Centre brought to eastern part of the Peninsular with the Northeast Monsoon wind. Both data before and during MCO managed to capture high AOD concentrations in the Greater Kuala Lumpur as well as area southern of the state of Perak confirming that the resuspension of urban, dust, and open biomass burning aerosols from local sources are dominant in this area. As of quantification of the AOD concentration, The highest reduction was at Temerloh, with -40.3% (0.67-0.4), while the lowest reduction was at Bandaraya Melaka with -4.6% (0.43-0.41). Highest increment of AOD during was detected in Sri Manjung, with value of 56.1% and Kulim Hightech as well as Alor Setar not far behind with, 55.1% and 54.8% respectively. It can be clearly seen that Northern and Central Region contribute to the increase of AOD while the Eastern Region contributes to the reduction of AOD for the study area during this MCO. The overall total AOD average is 0.413 before the MCO and 0.432 during the MCO giving a total increment of 4.6%.
Effects of Cr content and electromagnetic stirring on the phase separation of Cu-Cr alloy
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Jin Qinglin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Cu-Cr immiscible alloys were prepared by arc melting. The effects of Cr addition and electromagnetic stirring on the phase separation, microstructure were examined. The results show that serious phase segregation occurs at the center of the sample with increasing Cr contents, forming a sandwich like structure. The shape of the primary Cr transforms from fine dendrite to more developed dendrite. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that Cr addition increases the driving force for the liquid phase separation. The electromagnetic stirring can facilitate elative motion between the Cr droplets and the melts, and thus intensify the segregation phenomenon. With Cr additions, the hardness in non-segregated area shows only slight increase, and in Cr segregated area shows a significant increase. While the electrical conductivity shows only slight decrease with increasing Cr content.
The effect of nitrogen concentration on the properties of N-DLC prepared by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition
Authors: YANG Yan , HUANG Tianyuan , LI Maoyang , YU Yaowei , HUANG Jianjun , YU Bin , WU Xuemei , JI Peiyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (N-DLC) films were synthesized by helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD). The mechanism of the plasma influence on the N-DLC structure and properties was revealed by the diagnosis of plasma. The effects of nitrogen doping on the mechanical and hydrophobicity properties of DLC films were studied. The change in the ratio of precursor gas flow reduces the concentration of film-forming groups, resulting in a decrease of growth rate with increasing nitrogen flow rate. The morphology and structure of N-DLC films were characterized by scanning probe microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and wettability of N-DLC were analyzed by an ultra-micro hardness tester and JC2000DM system. The results show that the content ratio of N+ and

N

2

+

is positively correlated with the mechanical properties and wettability of N-DLC films. The enhancement hardness and elastic modulus of N-DLC are attributed to the increase in sp3 carbon–nitrogen bond content in the film, reaching 26.5 GPa and 160 GPa respectively. Water contact measurement shows that the increase in the nitrogen-bond structure in N-DLC gives the film excellent hydrophobic properties, and the optimal water contact angle reaches 111.2°. It is shown that HWP technology has unique advantages in the modulation of functional nanomaterials.
Contribution of the Sn 5s state to the SnS valence band: direct observation via ARPES measurements
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Kawanishi Sakiko , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Omata Takahisa , Tanaka Shin-ichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a compound semiconductor that has been studied for a wide range of applications, including solar cells and thermoelectric materials. In this study, the electronic structure of the SnS valence band, which is important for such applications, was investigated via angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with two different excitation energies in the extreme ultraviolet region (21 and 60 eV). The contribution of the Sn 5s state to the SnS valence band was determined in relation to the k-vector by utilizing the fact that the cross section of Sn 5s state varies significantly compared to those of other states in the extreme ultraviolet region. The experimental results demonstrate that the Sn 5s state significantly contributed to the k-vector around the valence band maximum (VBM) and second VBM (VBM1).