bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social threat, fronto-cingulate-limbic morphometry, and symptom course in depressed adolescents: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Ojha Amar , Teresi Giana I. , Slavich George M. , Gotlib Ian H. , Ho Tiffany C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial stressors characterized by social threat, such as interpersonal loss and social rejection, are associated with depression in adolescents. Few studies, however, have examined whether social threat affects fronto-cingulate-limbic systems implicated in adolescent depression.MethodsWe assessed lifetime stressor severity across several domains using the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) in 57 depressed adolescents (16.15 ± 1.32 years, 34 females), and examined whether the severity of social threat and non-social threat stressors was associated with gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We also examined how lifetime social threat severity and GMVs in these regions related to depressive symptoms at baseline and over 9 months.ResultsGeneral stressor severity was related to greater depression severity at baseline and over 9 months. Moreover, greater severity of social threat (but not non-social threat) stressors was associated with smaller bilateral amygdala and NAcc GMVs, and smaller bilateral surface areas of caudal and rostral ACC (allpFDR⩽ 0.048). However, neither social threat nor non-social threat stressor severity was related to hippocampal GMVs (allpFDR⩾ 0.318). All fronto-cingulate-limbic structures that were associated with the severity of social threat were negatively associated with greater depression severity over 9 months (allpFDR⩽ 0.014). Post-hoc analyses suggested that gray matter morphometry of bilateral amygdala, NAcc, and rostral and caudal ACC mediated the association between social threat and depression severity in adolescents over 9 months (allpFDR< 0.048).ConclusionsSocial threat specifically affects fronto-cingulate-limbic pathways that contribute to the maintenance of depression in adolescents.
Aortic valve atresia and type C interrupted aortic arch with circle of Willis dependent circulation: a case of successful biventricular repair in the neonatal period
Authors: Yang Emily L. , Bohun C. Monique , Muralidaran Ashok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of aortic valve atresia and type C interrupted aortic arch with retrograde filling of the ascending aorta via the right common carotid artery through intracranial collateralisation and a presumed intact circle of Willis, who successfully underwent a complete biventricular repair in the neonatal period.
An Efficient Method of Observing Diatom Frustules via Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Saito Makoto , Kitamura Masaki , Ide Yuki , Nguyen Minh Hieu , Le Binh Duong , Mai Anh Tuan , Miyashiro Daisuke , Mayama Shigeki , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Herein, we propose a convenient method to enable pretreatment of target objects using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). As a test sample, we used diatom frustules (Nitzschia sp.) as the target objects. In the generally used sample preparation method, the frustule suspension is added dropwise onto a glass substrate or into a glass chamber. While our work confirms good observation of purified frustules using the typical sample preparation method, we also demonstrate a new procedure to observe unseparated structures of frustules prepared by baking them on a mica surface. The baked frustules on the mica surface were transferred to a glass chamber with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. In this manner, the unseparated structures of the diatom frustules were clearly observed. Furthermore, metal-coated frustules prepared by sputtering onto them on a mica surface were also clearly observed using the same procedure. Our method can be applied for the observation of any target object that is pretreated on a solid surface. We expect our proposed method to be a basis for establishing DHM techniques for microscopic observations of biomaterials.
A Bayes‐Based Approach Against Sample Imbalance to Improving the Potential Forecasts of Gale
Authors: Liang Zhaoming , Hu Zhiqun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSample imbalance prevents the Bayesian model from making effective potential forecasts of gale. An approach is thus proposed to modify the Bayesian model to deal with sample imbalance and verified using years (2015–2019) of reanalysis and radar data. The approach reduces sample imbalance by the resampling based on the value ranges of environmental parameters and the application of multi‐layer conditional probabilities. The samples that are insensitive to gale forecasts are excluded according to the value ranges of environmental parameters for gale occurrence. This resampling greatly improves gale occurrence hits of and suppresses its false alarms, leading to significant improvement in gale forecasting skill. On the basis of the resampling, the application of the multi‐layer conditional probabilities that forecast gale occurrence balances the samples to an equivalent magnitude. Consequently, the false alarms are further suppressed although some hits are reduced, resulting in a higher forecasting skill of gale.
Sub‐Lithospheric Small‐Scale Convection Tomographically Imaged Beneath the Pacific Plate
Authors: Eilon Zachary C. , Zhang Lun , Gaherty James B. , Forsyth Donald W. , Russell Joshua B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale convection beneath the oceanic plates has been invoked to explain off‐axis nonplume volcanism, departure from simple seafloor depth‐age relationships, and intraplate gravity lineations. We deployed 30 broadband ocean bottom seismometer stations on ∼40 Ma Pacific seafloor in a region notable for gravity anomalies, measured by satellite altimetry, elongated parallel to plate motion. P‐wave teleseismic tomography reveals alternating upper mantle velocity anomalies on the order of ±2%, aligned with the gravity lineations. These features, which correspond to ∼300°–500°K lateral temperature contrast, and possible hydrous or carbonatitic partial melt, are—surprisingly—strongest between 150 and 260 km depth, indicating rapid vertical motions through a low‐viscosity asthenospheric channel. Coherence and admittance analysis of gravity and topography using new multibeam bathymetry soundings substantiates the presence of mantle density variations, and forward modeling predicts gravity anomalies that qualitatively match observed lineations. This study provides observational support for small‐scale convective rolls beneath the oceanic plates.
Correcting Systematic Bias in Climate Model Simulations in the Time‐Frequency Domain
Authors: Kusumastuti Cilcia , Jiang Ze , Mehrotra Rajeshwar , Sharma Ashish 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSystematic biases in General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations require some adjustment before their use in change assessment and adaptation management studies. GCM simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6, although outperform the previous generations of GCMs, exhibit persistent biases in magnitude, variability, and frequency across a range of variables of interest. Here, we propose a novel continuous wavelet‐based bias correction (CWBC) approach to address such biases in the time‐frequency domain. The correction focuses on the magnitude and frequency of the modeled time series, as interpreted via the time‐varying spectrum ascertained using the continuous wavelet transform. The approach is applied to correct systematic biases in the time series of Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature and Arctic sea‐ice extent. The application of CWBC successfully reproduces observed attributes in the bias‐corrected time series of both climate variables for the current climate simulation along with providing a sensible projection for the future.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of Waves and Parallel Electric Fields in Reconnecting Current Sheets in the Turbulent Magnetosheath
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Conley M. , Ergun R. E. , Newman D. L. , Chasapis A. , Ahmadi N. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Strangeway R. J. , Giles B. L. , Le Contel O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDownstream of the Earth’s bow shock, the magnetosheath can exhibit strong turbulence. This turbulent cascade is associated with electron‐scale current sheets where magnetic reconnection can occur. We present data from NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during a turbulent magnetosheath interval that includes two electron‐scale reconnecting current sheets, one with higher guide field and one that is closer to antiparallel. We examine the characteristics of energy conversion and the role of parallel electric fields and waves in that energy conversion. The high‐guide field reconnection event shows energy conversion dominated by electric fields and currents parallel to the background magnetic field, while the lower guide field event is perpendicular dominated, consistent with observations of laminar reconnecting current sheets in the magnetosheath. Both current sheets exhibit signs of a parallel electric field acceleration channel, and the higher guide field event shows whistler‐mode waves at the x‐line. Both current sheets show variation in dissipation along the n‐direction, with perpendicular dissipation on one side and parallel on the other. Between the two is a dispersion of pitch angles from 90° to 0° or 180°. This dispersion is likely caused by the acceleration channel and rapidly suppresses whistler waves, suggesting whistler waves do not contribute to the dissipation in guide field reconnection.
Atmospheric Nitrated Phenolic Compounds in Particle, Gaseous, and Aqueous Phases During Cloud Events at a Mountain Site in North China: Distribution Characteristics and Aqueous‐Phase Formation
Authors: Li Min , Wang Xinfeng , Zhao Yanan , Du Ping , Li Hongyong , Li Jiarong , Shen Hengqing , Liu Zhiyi , Jiang Yueru , Chen Jing , Bi Yujian , Zhao Yong , Xue Likun , Wang Yan , Chen Jianmin , Wang Wenxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNitrated phenolic compounds in the atmosphere are receiving increasing attention due to their light absorption and biological toxicity. In this study, particulate, gaseous, and cloud water samples were simultaneously collected during cloud events at the summit of Mount Tai in northern China in spring, summer, and winter and the contents of 11 nitrated phenolic compounds were determined. The seasonal average concentrations of the total nitrated phenolic compounds in particles were in the range of 7.3–27.1 ng m−3, a little lower than those measured in the gas‐phase (18.3–70.6 ng m−3). Their concentrations in cloud water were at the levels of 168.4–438.5 μg L−1. 4‐Nitrophenol and nitrosalicylic acids were the dominant compounds in particles, while 4‐nitrophenol and 2,4‐dinitrophenol were the most abundant in the gas phase and cloud water samples. During cloud events, most nitrated phenolic compounds were mainly distributed in the particle phase, except dinitrophenols which were mainly distributed in the gas phase in winter. The field‐derived effective Henry's law coefficients were several orders of magnitude higher than their theoretical values in pure water. Moreover, the measured concentrations of particulate nitrated phenolic compounds were substantially greater than the theoretical predictions, especially in spring. The above results indicate that nitrated phenolic compounds were partly formed via aqueous‐phase reactions inside the cloud droplets or on the wet particle surfaces, which changed their distribution patterns. The much higher ratios of 2,4‐dinitrophenol to the sum of 4‐nitrophenol and 5‐nitrosalicylic acid in cloud water than those in particles further confirm the enhanced formation via aqueous processes.
Phosphorus Enrichment Increased Community Stability by Increasing Asynchrony and Dominant Species Stability in Alpine Meadow of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Yanfen , Jiang Lili , Wang Zongsong , Song Minghua , Wang Shiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth climate warming and increasing nitrogen deposition promote the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to plants in soil, which may affect ecosystem structure and function. However, studies on the effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystems have mostly focused on N rather than P, especially in high‐altitude areas where N limits plant growth, which hinders the prediction of ecosystem changes under future climate conditions. Using a 5‐year experiment at an alpine meadow, we quantified the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) stability under three N levels and four P levels, including the interaction of different N and P levels. We also tested possible drivers of the ANPP stability, including plant species richness, asynchrony, dominance, and plant functional group stability. Finally, we used structural equation models to explore how different drivers affect ANPP stability. Results showed: (a) Plant growth in the alpine meadow was limited by soil available‐N but not ‐P, and N enrichment induced P limitation on plant growth. (b) P enrichment promoted species richness, asynchrony and dominant species stability, and consequently increased the ANPP stability. (c) Species asynchrony and dominant species stability were the key mechanisms driving the variation of ANPP stability. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the balance of N and P effects on ecosystem structure and function in order to better predict the impacts of global change on ecosystem stability.
Validating the LDi and LCi Indices in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Nahayo E. , Guerrero A. , Lotz S. , Cid C. , Tshisaphungo M. , Saiz E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe validation of the Local Disturbance index (LDi) and its first time derivative Local Current index (LCi) is performed in the Southern Hemisphere. Two South African magnetic observatories, Hermanus and Hartebeesthoek contributed data for this study, and two South African power stations, Grassridge and Matimba, provided geomagnetically induced current (GIC) data. This validation focused on two major geomagnetic storms, Halloween and Saint Patrick's Day events that occurred in October 2003 and March 2015, respectively. The comparative evaluation of the LDi and LCi indices was executed with the help of the local horizontal component (H) and also comparing them to the global index SYM‐H. A direct comparison to measured GIC shows that LCi performs slightly better than dH/dt as a proxy for GIC. The comparison of the LDi 1‐hr magnetic disturbances values to ones calculated applying a Linear phase Robust Non‐Smoothing method to the H component yields a Pearson correlation coefficient R greater than 0.960 for different groups of magnetic storms based on intensity. The estimated SYM‐H index from LDi data showed a possible difference of about 300 nT from the published SYM‐H index values around 20:00 UT on 29 October 2003, during the Halloween storm. This study has shown that the LDi and LCi indices, developed in the Northern Hemisphere, can be calculated at similar latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere for studying local space weather conditions and now‐casting successfully local geomagnetic events.
Complete characterization of ultrafast optical fields by phase-preserving nonlinear autocorrelation
Authors: Gliserin Alexander , Chew Soo Hoon , Kim Seungchul , Kim Dong Eon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNonlinear autocorrelation was one of the earliest and simplest tools for obtaining partial temporal information about an ultrashort optical pulse by gating it with itself. However, since the spectral phase is lost in a conventional autocorrelation measurement, it is insufficient for a full characterization of an ultrafast electric field, requiring additional spectral information for phase retrieval. Here, we show that introducing an intensity asymmetry into a conventional nonlinear interferometric autocorrelation preserves some spectral phase information within the autocorrelation signal, which enables the full reconstruction of the original electric field, including the direction of time, using only a spectrally integrating detector. We call this technique Phase-Enabled Nonlinear Gating with Unbalanced Intensity (PENGUIN). It can be applied to almost any existing nonlinear interferometric autocorrelator, making it capable of complete optical field characterization and thus providing an inexpensive and less complex alternative to methods relying on spectral measurements, such as frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) or spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER). More importantly, PENGUIN allows the precise characterization of ultrafast fields in non-radiative (e.g., plasmonic) nonlinear optical interactions where spectral information is inaccessible. We demonstrate this novel technique through simulations and experimentally by measuring the electric field of ~6-fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire oscillator. The results are validated by comparison with the well-established FROG method.
TAOK2 rescues autism-linked developmental deficits in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model
Authors: Scharrenberg Robin , Richter Melanie , Johanns Ole , Meka Durga Praveen , Rücker Tabitha , Murtaza Nadeem , Lindenmaier Zsuzsa , Ellegood Jacob , Naumann Anne , Zhao Bing , Schwanke Birgit , Sedlacik Jan , Fiehler Jens , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Lerch Jason P. , Singh Karun K. , de Anda Froylan Calderon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe precise development of the neocortex is a prerequisite for higher cognitive and associative functions. Despite numerous advances that have been made in understanding neuronal differentiation and cortex development, our knowledge regarding the impact of specific genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on these processes is still limited. Here, we show that Taok2, which is encoded in humans within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility locus 16p11.2, is essential for neuronal migration. Overexpression of de novo mutations or rare variants from ASD patients disrupts neuronal migration in an isoform-specific manner. The mutated TAOK2α variants but not the TAOK2β variants impaired neuronal migration. Moreover, the TAOK2α isoform colocalizes with microtubules. Consequently, neurons lacking Taok2 have unstable microtubules with reduced levels of acetylated tubulin and phosphorylated JNK1. Mice lacking Taok2 develop gross cortical and cortex layering abnormalities. Moreover, acute Taok2 downregulation or Taok2 knockout delayed the migration of upper-layer cortical neurons in mice, and the expression of a constitutively active form of JNK1 rescued these neuronal migration defects. Finally, we report that the brains of the Taok2 KO and 16p11.2 del Het mouse models show striking anatomical similarities and that the heterozygous 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model displayed reduced levels of phosphorylated JNK1 and neuronal migration deficits, which were ameliorated upon the introduction of TAOK2α in cortical neurons and in the developing cortex of those mice. These results delineate the critical role of TAOK2 in cortical development and its contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD.
N6-methyladenosine modification of circ_0003215 suppresses the pentose phosphate pathway and malignancy of colorectal cancer through the miR-663b/DLG4/G6PD axis
Authors: Chen Baoxiang , Hong Yuntian , Gui Rui , Zheng Huabin , Tian Shunhua , Zhai Xiang , Xie Xiaoyu , Chen Quanjiao , Qian Qun , Ren Xianghai , Fan Lifang , Jiang Congqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered kind of regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical biomarkers of various types of cancers. Metabolic reprogramming has gradually been identified as a distinct hallmark of cancer cells. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an indispensable role in satisfying the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of cancer cells. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs and PPP in colorectal cancer (CRC). The novel circ_0003215 was identified at low levels in CRC and was negatively correlated with larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. The decreased level of circ_0003215 was resulted from the RNA degradation by the m6A reader protein YTHDF2. A series of functional assays demonstrated that circ_0003215 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and CRC tumor metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, circ_0003215 regulated the expression of DLG4 via sponging miR-663b, thereby inducing the metabolic reprogramming in CRC. Mechanismly, DLG4 inhibited the PPP through the K48-linked ubiquitination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Taken together, we have identified m6A-modified circ_0003215 as a novel regulator of metabolic glucose reprogramming that inhibited the PPP and the malignant phenotype of CRC via the miR-663b/DLG4/G6PD axis.
Regulatory mechanisms and function of hypoxia-induced long noncoding RNA NDRG1-OT1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Chao Hsing-Hua , Luo Jun-Liang , Hsu Ming-Hsuan , Chen Li-Han , Lu Tzu-Pin , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Chuang Eric Y. , Chuang Li-Ling , Lai Liang-Chuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHypoxia is a classic feature of the tumor microenvironment that has profound effects on cancer progression and is tightly associated with poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a component of the noncoding genome, have been increasingly investigated due to their diverse roles in tumorigenesis. Previously, a hypoxia-induced lncRNA, NDRG1-OT1, was identified in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using next-generation sequencing. However, the regulatory mechanisms of NDRG1-OT1 remain elusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of NDRG1-OT1 in breast cancer cells. Expression profiling of NDRG1-OT1 revealed that it was upregulated under hypoxia in different breast cancer cells. Overexpression and knockdown of HIF-1α up- and downregulated NDRG1-OT1, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays validated that HIF-1α transcriptionally activated NDRG1-OT1 by binding to its promoter (−1773 to −1769 and −647 to −643 bp). Next, to investigate whether NDRG1-OT1 could function as a miRNA sponge, results of in silico analysis, expression profiling of predicted miRNAs, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NDRG1-OT1 could act as a miRNA sponge of miR-875-3p. In vitro and in vivo functional assays showed that NDRG1-OT1 could promote tumor growth and migration. Lastly, a small peptide (66 a.a.) translated from NDRG1-OT1 was identified. In summary, our findings revealed novel regulatory mechanisms of NDRG1-OT1 by HIF-1α and upon miR-875-3p. Also, NDRG1-OT1 promoted the malignancy of breast cancer cells and encoded a small peptide.