bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of naive non exudative type 1 macular neovascularization detected by OCT angiography
Authors: Lorusso Massimo , Ferrari Luisa Micelli , Gigante Domenico Antonio , Monteleone Giuseppina , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Nikolopoulou Eleni , Ferrari Tommaso Micelli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to explore the features of eyes with non exudative macular neovascularization (NE-MNV) . OCT angiography (OCTA) was used to evaluate the natural history of NE-MNV.Methods: Retrospective case series. Patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) were imaged using OCTA. Patients with NE-MNV were selected. The en face choriocapillaris slab was used to calculate the area and the flow of MNV. Results: From October 2016 through October 2020, 211 patients with iAMD underwent OCTA. OCTA showed NE-MNV in 18 eyes. Nine eyes developed an exudative MNV during the follow-up. We considered the sensitivity and specificity of the area and flow measurements to predict exudation by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). The AUROC of the basal area was 0,91 (0.78-0.99) and the the AUROC of the basal flow was 0,86 (0.68-0.99), showing discriminable ability for predicting exudation.Conclusion: Based on our results, we found at high risk of exudation those eyes with larger areas of neovascularization. We recommend more frequent follow-up in those eyes and prompt treatment when exudation occurs.retrospectively registeredBari ethics committee approved the study protocol. Reference number is 7176
Student dispositions towards learning: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Spray Erika , Holbrook Allyson , Scevak Jill , Cantwell Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reports the dispositional profile of 880 Masters students in Australia, based on their responses to an online survey. Learners’ dispositional attributes form the foundations for learning behaviour and therefore academic outcomes. The profile of the cohort overall was as expected for an elite academic group, yet there was substantial variation between individuals. Cluster analysis identified three groups of students with meaningfully different dispositional profiles. These profiles related to academic achievement, with participants’ academic achievement most closely related to their epistemic attributes. It is argued that students at the Masters level typically possess the agentic attributes necessary for effective self-regulation. Epistemic attributes are therefore more relevant for differentiating between higher and lower achieving students at this level. The importance of sophisticated epistemic attributes is in line with the stated goals of postgraduate education around the world. Collectively, this evidence supports the explicit teaching of metacognitive and epistemic skills within postgraduate coursework degrees.
Effectiveness of CoronaVac in children 3 to 5 years during the omicron SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
Authors: Araos Rafael , Jara Alejandro , Undurraga Eduardo , Zubizarreta Jose , Gonzalez Cecilia , Acevedo Johanna , Pizarro Alejandra , Vergara Veronica , Marchant Mario Soto , Gilabert Rosario , Flores Juan Carlos , Suarez Pamela , Leighton Paulina , Eguiguren Pablo , Rios Juan Carlos , Fernandez Jorge , Garcia-Escorza Heriberto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The outbreak of the B.1.1.529 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 (omicron) has caused an unprecedented number of Covid-19 cases, including pediatric hospital admissions. Policymakers urgently need evidence of vaccine effectiveness in children to balance the costs and benefits of vaccination campaigns, but the evidence is sparse or non-existing. Leveraging a population-based cohort of 490,694 children aged 3–5 years, we estimated the effectiveness of administering a two-dose schedule, 28 days apart, of CoronaVac using inverse probability-weighted survival regression models to estimate hazard ratios of complete immunization over non-vaccination, accounting for time-varying vaccination exposure and relevant confounders. The study was conducted between December 6, 2021, and February 26, 2022, during the omicron outbreak in Chile. The estimated vaccine effectiveness was 38.2% (95%CI, 36.5–39.9) against Covid-19, 64.6% (95%CI, 49.6–75.2) against hospitalization, and 69.0% (95%CI, 18.6–88.2) to prevent intensive care unit admission. The effectiveness was modest; however, protection against severe disease remained high.
Characterization of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Hydrolysates Obtained from Actinomucor Elegans Proteases Compared with That by Commercial Proteases
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Shi Kexin , Han Yaqian , Wang Jianming , Yang Chen , Xu Xu , Li Bingye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pleurotus citrinopileatus, the nutritious and palatable edible mushroom, can be taken as an appropriate material to prepare high-grade flavoring agents. Based on this, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of productive proteases system from Actinomucor elegans to prepare P. citrinopileatus hydrolysate (PCH). The A. elegans crude protease (AECP) was prepared from the solid state fermentation product of P. citrinopileatus by A. elegans. AECP and four commercial proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, Papain, and Protamex) were applied to acquire five kinds of PCHs respectively. The physical-chemical properties of PCHs as well as its concentration and composition of non-volatile compounds were comparatively analyzed. Electronic tongue was utilized to evaluate sensory characteristics. AECP was found to be the most effective protease with the top hydrolysis degree of 35.91% and protein recovery of 81.46%. The result of molecular weight distribution indicated that below 500 Da peptides were observed to be the main fraction of AECP hydrolysates, meanwhile AECP hydrolysates showed the highest content of MSG-like (20.23 ± 0.16 mg/g) and flavor 5'-nucleotide (4.30 ± 0.07 mg/g). Besides, the AECP hydrolysates exhibited favorable aftertaste-umami, in which peptides below 500 Da showed a higher correlation with aftertaste-umami by results of partial least-squares regression. These results indicated the feasibility for PCHs application as flavor additives or seasoning in food industry. The AECP might be used as an alternative enzyme choice because of its low cost and high hydrolysis efficiency.
Case Report of Breakthrough Long COVID and the Use of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir
Authors: Geng Linda N. , Bonilla Hector F. , Shafer Robert W. , Miglis Mitchell G. , Yang Phillip C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID, is a major public health problem. Encouraging data suggest that vaccination can reduce the risk of PASC. We report a cautionary case of breakthrough PASC and its resolution following a course of the novel combination antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir.
Patient Clinical Outcomes in Standalone Versus a Combined Ophthalmology-Rheumatology Uveitis Clinic
Authors: Ross Bing X. , Habhab Samantha , Syeda Sarah , Baiyasi Ahmad , Benchaala Ilyes , Okeagu Chinwenwa , Barbosa Joshua , Im Jacob , Le Kim , Lin Xihui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate uveitis care outcomes in standalone versus a combined ophthalmology-rheumatology clinic.Methods: Participants were patients aged 18 years and older with a minimum 12-month history of chronic uveitis prior to being referred to the combined uveitis clinic at Kresge Eye Institute and who were treated in the combined clinic for at least 6 months. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), objective markers of inflammation, and achieving targeted dose of immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) were compared in the cohort of uveitis patients 6 months prior to and after the initial evaluation in the combined clinic. Results: Sixty-six percent of study participants were female with a mean age of 51.5 years. BCVA improved from 0.58 logMAR (Snellen: ~20/74) at the initial combined clinic visit to 0.50 logMAR (Snellen: ~20/63) 6 months after the first combined visit (p=0.0137). The establishment of the combined uveitis clinic led to higher frequency of patients at target dose of IMT: an increase from 49.0% at 6 months prior to the combined visit to 70.1.4% and 79.8% at the initial combined visit and 6 months after the combined visit, respectively.Conclusion: A combined model of management for chronic uveitis patients wherein rheumatological services are coupled with ophthalmic care leads to improvement in patient clinical outcomes and achieving target therapy.
Surgical Resection for Esophageal Adenosquamous Carcinoma: an Analysis of 56 Cases
Authors: Chen Shao-bin , Liu Di-tian , Chen Yu-ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma (EASC) is a rare disease. The biological behavior and treatment of this malignancy are not well studied. Methods: Data from 56 patients with EASC who underwent esophagectomy were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 5028 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The impact of clinicopathological factors on the survival of patients with EASC was analyzed. The survival differences between patients with EASC and ESCC were also compared. Results: There were 43 males and 13 females with a mean age of 59.7 ± 1.3 years (range, 39-79 years). Only one of the 43 patients who received preoperative esophagoscopic biopsy was diagnosed with EASC. The median survival time for patients with EASC was 32.0 months, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 78.3%, 46.1% and 29.6%, respectively. Resection margin, pN category, and adjuvant chemotherapy were found to be independent predictors. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the 5-year overall survival rate of 29.6% for patients with EASC was similar to that of 42.5% for patients with ESCC (P=0.179). Conclusions: EASC is a rare disease and is easily misdiagnosed by esophagoscopic biopsy. The prognosis of EASC was similar to that of ESCC. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may improve the survival of patients with EASC after esophagectomy.
PEG-modified Copper Cysteine for Photodynamic Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ma Zhihao , Song Chenglong , Yang Kaitong , Wang Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a progressive neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation and misfolding of amyloid polypeptides (Aβ) which result in irreversible brain damages, cognitive decline and behavioral impairment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received much attention as a potential approach for AD treatment. In this study, we investigated a novel multifunctional theranostic photosensitizer, copper cysteine (Cu-Cy). By performing PEG modification on nanoparticles’ surface, the particle size and cytotoxicity were significantly reduced. Under UV irradiation, Cu-Cy-PEG can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and could degrade Aβ(1-40) aggregates efficiently. This is the first case for Cu-Cy-PEG being used for degrading Aβ aggregates in vitro. The macroscopic amyloid aggregates were photodegraded by Cu-Cy-PEG into amorphous particles. This study firstly proved that Cu-Cy-PEG may serve as a potential treatment in AD therapy.
Surgical and anaesthetic outcomes of paediatric splenectomies at a tertiary care institution in South India – A retrospective cohort
Authors: DCunha Aureen Ruby , Rai Ekta , Jacob Tarun John K , Devasia Anup J , Rebekah Grace 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeSplenectomies though well-established in the successful management of several resistant haemoglobinopathies, have not been studied in detail in the paediatric population to assess the outcomes. We conducted this review to primarily assess the surgical and anaesthetic outcomes of paediatric splenectomies and secondarily highlight factors predictive for a high-risk splenectomy.MethodsA 5 year retrospective chart review was made, and patient follow-up was done jointly using the hospital electronic medical records and telephonic calls. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsAmong the 69 splenectomised children, 61% were male and the overall mean age was 10.2 years. The cohort consisted of thalassemia’s(46%), ITP’s(30%), haemolytic anemias(19%) and 1 child each with lymphoma, splenic cyst and Kassabach Meritt syndrome. Most(96%) were electively operated and 23% were performed laparoscopically. 61% received intravenous analgesia and the mean volume of fluid administered intra-operatively was 21ml/kg. There was no documented OPSI, and there was one mortality. The mean follow-up period was 43 months.ConclusionSplenectomy was associated with a promising overall outcome with a survival rate of 98.5%. A greater pre-operative transfusion requirement, a larger sized spleen and increased fluid administration intra-operatively, were associated with a worse outcome.
Risk Factors of Enterostomy in Neonates With Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Liu Zhaozhou , Zhang Yanan , Li Shuangshuang , Yang Shen , Zhao Jiawei , Yang Ting , Li Siqi , Chen Yongwei , Guo Weihong , Hou Dawei , Du Jingbin , Li Yingzi , Huang Jinshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the risk factors of enterostomy in neonates with Hirschsprung disease (HD) to provide reference for clinicians to make treatment decisions.
Methods
The medical records of 284 patients who were diagnosed with HD during the neonatal period were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they had an enterostomy before radical surgery. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors of enterostomy.
Results
The incidence of enterostomy was 18.5% (34/284) in neonates with HD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin < 25.4 g/L, radiographic results as subphrenic free air and level of aganglionosis with long-segment or total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) were independent risk factors of enterostomy in neonates, with OR of 42.045 (6.131, 288.319), 285.558 (26.651, 3059.694) and 15.573 (4.319, 56.157), respectively.
Conclusions
The low serum albumin level, bowel perforation and level of aganglionosis with long-segment or TCA could influence the occurrence of enterostomy in neonates with HD.
Investigation of Common Source Amplifier Circuit Application Using Gate Stack Based Gate-all-around Charge Plasma Nanowire FET
Authors: SOLAY LEO RAJ , KUMAR PRADEEP , AMIN S INTEKHAB , ANAND SUNNY 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The reported work demonstrates the application of common source amplifier circuit using gate-all-around gate stacked charge plasma nanowire field effect transistor (GAA GS CP NW FET). Primarily, the impact of the gate stacking (GS) technique upon the Gate-All-Around Charge Plasma Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (GAA CP NW FET) structure is explored. In which GAA GS CP NW FET structure resulted in excellent electrostatic control over the channel by incorporating the advantages of GAA structures. The transfer characteristics have been enhanced with the gate stacking (SiO2 + high k) technique when employed at the dielectric region of the structure. The charge plasma concept which is applied in the proposed device helped in reducing the threshold voltage fluctuations. A contrast is drawn between GAA CP NW FET and GAA GS CP NW FET structures in terms of analog and RF analysis. Linearity parametric analysis were made to examine the distortion less digital communication and a comparison is made between the structures. The proposed structure is then utilized for designing a common source amplifier circuit and contrasted with the GAA CP NW FET structure. With the applied gate stacking technique, the proposed structure resulted in improved ON-current, reduced OFF-current, enhanced current ratio. The CS amplifier circuit application resulted in improved Vout and gain attributes with the proposed GAA GS CP NW FET structure when compared with Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET), Tunnel FET (TFET) and GAA CP NW FET structure proving its capability for forthcoming nanoscale circuit applications.
Deficit Financing Components, Inflation and Capital Formation in Nigeria: Evidence from A Direct and Indirect Analysis
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Deficit financing occasioned by low domestic savings and low capital formation, have characterised the Nigerian economy since the 1970s with attendant increase in inflation. Empirical studies on Nigeria have shown that deficit financing directly affects inflation and capital formation when examined independently. However, little attention has been paid to a simultaneous investigation of the direct and indirect effects of deficit financing components on inflation and capital formation in Nigeria. Consequently, this study was designed to fill this gap through time series data and the instrumental variable approach. The study found that deficit financing components indirectly impacted on inflation and capital formation in Nigeria from 1970 to 2017; as against the direct effects reported in empirical studies. Also, inflation was found to have had adverse effect on capital formation. Hence, better synergy of fiscal and monetary policies to effectively tame inflation and ensure growth of capital formation was recommended.
Infectious complications of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Dvoriankova E. V. , Denieva M. I. , Shevchenko G. А. 
Published: March 2022

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease linked to a genetic predisposition and accompanied by acute inflammatory manifestations that develop due to abnormality of skin barrier properties and changes in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The high risk of developing complications of this disease caused by skin and systemic infections is one of the most urgent problems of modern health care. However, infectious complications of atopic dermatitis may include skin and soft tissue infections, herpetic eczema, bacteremia, osteoarthritis, myelitis, septic arthritis, and endocarditis. Skin barrier defects, type 2 immune-mediated inflammation, Staphylococcus aureus colonization, and skin dysbiosis are main predisposing factors for an increased incidence of infectious complications of atopic dermatitis. The development of infectious complications of atopic dermatitis may be prevented by comprehensive treatment of exacerbations of the underlying disease, sanitation of chronic infection foci, as well as restoration and maintenance of the skin barrier function. The use of special moisturizers and emollients for skin care during exacerbation and remission is an important and integral part of therapeutic and preventive measures.Emollients are medical cosmetic products that are close to the natural lipid skin barrier in composition. They not only effectively soften and moisturize the skin, but also restore damaged protective properties. Additional components of emollients with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity are an optional, but desirable condition to prevent recurrence of the disease and reduce the risk of developing a secondary infection. Thus, not only special skin care drugs, but also products for patients with atopic dermatitis, can contribute to the development of antibacterial protection and prevent the development of infectious complications.
Effective sorptive removal of five cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Song Guobin , Shi Yawei , Wang Haonan , Li Anqi , Li Wanran , Sun Ya , Ding Guanghui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The excellent properties of micro-nano materials and structures have attracted extensive attention especially in wastewater treatment. Based on this, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) have been prepared and used for the sorptive removal of five typical cationic dyes from aqueous solutions in the present study. Effects of several operational and environmental factors were investigated carefully, including initial pH values, common ions, contact time and temperature. The kinetics processes were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities on MMWCNTs at 298.15 K for malachite green oxalate, auramine O, neutral red, crystal violet and rhodamine B were 442.2, 295.2, 183.4, 165.3 and 143.0 mg g−1, respectively. Differences in the size, structure and properties of these dyes led to the difference of adsorption amounts. ΔG0 were all negative within the temperature range tested, which meant the adsorption processes were spontaneous in nature. Moreover, the adsorption processes of targeted dyes, except auramine O, were exothermic and entropy decreasing. The regeneration studies indicated that the MMWCNTs showed high reusability and removal efficiencies above 75% can be achieved after four consecutive cycles. For the adsorption mechanism, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds, π-π interaction together with hydrophobic interaction could coexist during the adsorption process.
Nonpolyglutamatable Antifolates as Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Potential Antitumour Agents
Authors: Bavetsias V. , Jackman A.L. 
Published: March 2022

Thymidylate synthase (TS), an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of dUMP to dTMP, has been the focus of interest as a target in cancer chemotherapy for more than two decades. Over the last 10 years much research has been devoted to the design and development of nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of TS as antitumour agents, mainly to over­ come resistance due to unfavourable expression of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Lipophilic inhibitors of the enzyme were expected not to depend on the reduced folate carrier transporter (RFC) for cellular uptake, thus avoiding resistance due to an impaired RFC. Compounds of this type can be classified in three groups: A: nonclassical lipophilic inhibitors of TS, mainly folate-based analogues lacking the glutamate side chain; B: folate-based analogues in which the glutamate side chain has been- modified in such a way that polyglutamation is precluded; and C: nonpolyglutamatable gluta.mate-containing inhibitors of TS. Compounds of group A	included 5- or 6-substituted quinazolin-4-ones, benzo[flquinazolines, imidazotetrahydroquinoline- and benz[cd]indole-based inhibitors. The second group is mainly related to a series of γ-linked dipeptide derivatives of ICII98583, or analogues of this inhibitor where the glutamate residue was replaced with a range of α-amino acids. The third group is concerned with some 7-substituted	derivatives	of	ICI198583 and the pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based inhibitor 175. A large number of structurally diverse nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of TS were synthesised some of which were potent inhibitors of the enzyme (human or E. coli) and in vitro cell growth. Three compounds, i.e. 49 (AG 337), 83 (AG 331), 123 (ZD9331) have reached the stage of clinical evaluation.
Synthesis of SrCO3 Nanoparticles Supported on Montmorillonite as Efficient Catalyst in the Preparation of α, ά-bis(substituted benzylidene) cycloalkanones
Authors: Mohammadpour Azim , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:In the present study, the SrCO3@montmorillonite nanocomposite was synthesized by loading Sr(NO3)2 on natural bentonite using a controlled and facile microwave method. The SrCO3@montmorillonite nanoparticles’ characteristics are identified using advanced techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pore size distribution analysis. Crossed-aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with cycloalkanone in the presence of these nanoparticles produced α, ά-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones in good yields without using any solvent. The present method is operationally simple and dose not use organic solvent, which makes the process environmentally benign.