bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foundry-fabricated grating coupler demultiplexer inverse-designed via fast integral methods
Authors: Sideris Constantine , Khachaturian Aroutin , White Alexander D. , Bruno Oscar P. , Hajimiri Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilicon photonics is an emerging technology which, enabling nanoscale manipulation of light on chips, impacts areas as diverse as communications, computing, and sensing. Wavelength division multiplexing is commonly used to maximize throughput over a single optical channel by modulating multiple data streams on different wavelengths concurrently. Traditionally, wavelength (de)multiplexers are implemented as monolithic devices, separate from the grating coupler, used to couple light into the chip. This paper describes the design and measurement of a grating coupler demultiplexer—a single device which combines both light coupling and demultiplexing capabilities. The device was designed by means of a custom inverse design algorithm which leverages boundary integral Maxwell solvers of extremely rapid convergence as the mesh is refined. To the best of our knowledge, the fabricated device enjoys the lowest insertion loss reported for grating demultiplexers, small size, high splitting ratio, and low coupling-efficiency imbalance between ports, while meeting the fabricability constraints of a standard UV lithography process.
A Systematic Review of Adherence Strategies for Adult Populations in Speech-Language Pathology Treatment
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca S. , Carpenter Alicia M. , Chapman Leia K. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) often advise adult patients to complete at-home programs in order to improve outcomes. Despite this widespread practice, relatively little is known about treatment adherence. The purposes of this systematic review were to identify adherence strategies and adherence tracking methods used by adult populations that are commonly treated by SLPs (i.e., dysphagia, aphasia, traumatic brain injury, dysphonia, dysarthria), and to identify the efficacy of these strategies.

Method:
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases (CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science).

Results:
Of the 679 articles found, 18 were selected for analysis. Two thirds of the included articles received the second highest rating on the 5-point JAMA Quality Rating Scheme. Interventions designed to alter treatment adherence included (most to least frequent) computer programs, portable devices/phone apps, alarm reminders, instructional DVDs, check-ins from a clinician/volunteer, and wearable device. Adherence reporting methods included (most to least frequent) self-report diaries, computer program/app-aided collection, wearable device, and clinician/volunteer observation. Of the articles that reported practice frequency, 58% found that adherence strategies improved practice frequency as compared to control. Of the articles that reported treatment outcomes, 66% found that adherence strategies were associated with improved treatment outcomes as compared to control.

Conclusions:
The paucity of publications reviewed suggests that treatment adherence is considerably understudied in speech-language pathology. A clearer understanding of how to improve the design of adherence strategies could yield highly valuable clinical outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19393793
Parental Satisfaction and Impact of an Internet Intervention for Interactive Storybook Reading
Authors: Morris Lekeitha R. , Bellon-Harn Monica L. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
This article evaluated the utilization of an Internet-based, self-managed parent training program (i.e., Success with Stories [SWS]) designed to facilitate parental motivation about interactive storybook reading, perceived competence in their ability to engage in interactive storybook reading, and their reading practices and beliefs.

Method:
Ten parents of young children with/or at-risk for a spoken language disorder enrolled in SWS. The satisfaction of content, usability, presentation, suitability, and exercises of SWS among the parents were examined using an intervention satisfaction rating survey, a focus group, and semistructured interviews.

Results:
The survey revealed high levels of satisfaction, and qualitative data reflected the survey data. Parents found the program to be acceptable, functional, and practical. Pre- and postprogram responses on the Parental Reading Beliefs Inventory were compared. Significant differences were reported with a large effect size. Within-program responses on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and Perceived Competence Scale indicated that parents were motivated and had high levels of perceived competence across all learning paths within SWS.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that further development and evaluation of SWS is warranted. SWS is a program targeting interactive storybook reading rather than a comprehensive language and literacy program. As such, SWS may be beneficial as a supplemental program to support direct service delivery.
Effect of gas compressibility on fluid field of air‐cooled turbo‐generator
Authors: Liu Ling , Ding Shuye , Li Zhenjiang , Shen Shufeng , Chen Shaoxian , Dou Yiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of gas compressibility on the fluid flow characteristics of a 350 MW air‐cooled turbo‐generator is investigated in this paper. Two gas models taking gas compressibility and incompressibility into account are established for numerical calculation. Then, a one‐fourth physical model based on the practical ventilation structure and basic assumption is built to analyse the flow velocity and flow rate using the finite volume method (FVM). The FVM‐predicted flow rate and flow velocity of cooling medium in the air cavity, stator and rotor of the generator show the distribution characteristics of flow rate and velocity in the generator is affected by the gas compressibility model selection. The comparison of FVM‐predicted flow rate and experimental value shows that the FVM‐predicted results using the gas compressibility model is more accurate when comparing to those using the incompressible model. Therefore, the gas compressibility model is an appealing approach to analyse the flow fluid characteristics of the air‐cooled turbo‐generator.
Erste Erfahrungen mit der peripheren Nervenstimulation mittels implantierbarem System als Behandlungsmethode des komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms CRPS 2
Authors: Sawetz Isabelle , Smolle Christian , Girsch Werner 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die periphere Nervenstimulation (PNS) hat sich, anlehnend an die zentrale Nervenstimulation (Spinal Cord Stimulation – SCS), als geeignete Therapieoption zur Behandlung des komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms (CRPS) vor allem im Bereich der oberen Extremität gezeigt. Die Evidenz zur PNS ist jedoch in der aktuellen Literatur sehr spärlich.
Material und Methoden Bei 11 Patient*innen mit CRPS2 wurden nach strengen Selektionskriterien die Implantation eines Peripheren Nervenstimulationssystems indiziert. Es handelte sich dabei um 5 Männer und 6 Frauen im mittleren Alter von 46,4 (24–58) Jahren. Der mittlere Schmerzscore wurde von den Patient*innen präoperativ mit 8,0 (±1,3) auf der zehnteiligen Numerischen Rating-Skala (NRS) angegeben. Bei 8 Patient*innen wurden Elektroden an der oberen Extremität (Plexus brachialis), bei 2 Patient*innen im Bereich der unteren (N. ischiadicus) und bei einer Patientin sowohl an oberer als auch an unterer Extremität implantiert. Die 8 aktiven Elektrodenpole wurden möglichst parallel an den Zielnerven implantiert und mittels Verlängerungselektroden an ein externes Stimulationsgerät angeschlossen. Nach einer Testphase von 5 Tagen wurde bei positivem Feedback und einer anhand Schmerzprotokoll ersichtlichen Schmerzreduktion von zumindest 4 Punkten auf der NRS der definitive Impulsgeber implantiert.
Ergebnisse Alle 11 Patient*innen wurden erfolgreich mit einem implantierbaren peripheren Nervenstimulationssystem der Firma Boston Scientific Inc. versorgt. Die durchschnittliche Schmerzreduktion betrug 4,6 (±1,2) Punkte auf der NRS. Der durchschnittliche postoperative Schmerzwert betrug 3,4 (±0,9). Der postoperative Verlauf gestaltete sich bei allen Patient*innen komplikationslos.
Schlussfolgerung Die periphere Nervenstimulation erscheint als geeignete Therapieoption zur Behandlung des CRPS 2 bei Versagen konservativer und herkömmlicher operativer Behandlungsmethoden. Die Erfahrung an unseren Patient*innen zeigt, dass neuropathische Schmerzen erfolgreich um durchschnittlich etwa 4 Punkte auf der NRS reduziert werden konnten. Arthrogene Beschwerden hingegen zeigten sich durch die PNS unbeeinflussbar. Da es sich beim CRPS um eine psychosomatische Erkrankung handelt, ist die Einbindung der PNS in ein multimodales Therapiekonzept mit Physio- und Ergotherapie und Psychologie essenziell für den Behandlungserfolg.
Glaukombehandlung in deutschen Krankenhäusern 2019
Authors: Luebke Jan , Böhringer Daniel , Evers Charlotte , Daniel Moritz Claudius , Reinhard Thomas , Lang Stefan J. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Chirurgische Verfahren in der Augenheilkunde unterliegen Schwankungen in ihrer Anwendung und sind abhängig von Neuentwicklungen, Verfügbarkeiten und Erfolgswerten. Vor
allem im Bereich der Glaukomchirurgie wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche neue Verfahren eingeführt. Bislang existieren kaum Auswertungen zur tatsächlichen Anwendung dieser neueren
Verfahren. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit dar, in welchem Maße glaukomchirurgische Verfahren in deutschen Krankenhäusern im Jahr 2019 angewandt wurden.
Methoden Die Qualitätsberichte der deutschen Krankenhäuser aus dem Jahr 2019 wurden bez. aller glaukomspezifischen Prozedurverschlüsselungen ausgewertet. Verglichen wurden im
Folgenden insbesondere Laserverfahren, „klassische“ Glaukomeingriffe und „moderne“ Verfahren wie die MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery).
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2019 wurden an deutschen Krankenhäusern 49 031 Glaukomprozeduren durchgeführt. Zahlenmäßig am häufigsten wurden zyklodestruktive Verfahren angewandt. Die MIGS
machten in den vorliegenden Daten etwa 10% der Eingriffe aus. Bei den filtrierenden Eingriffen wurden etwa 40% implantatunterstützt durchgeführt.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich in den ausgewerteten Daten aus deutschen Krankenhäusern einerseits eine gemischte Erweiterung des Spektrums mit neueren Verfahren wie
den MIGS und den Implantaten, andererseits kommen die klassischen Verfahren wie die Zyklodestruktion weiterhin zum Einsatz. Es ist anzunehmen, dass sich in den kommenden Jahren weitere
Verschiebungen der Operationsmethoden zeigen werden.
Recurrent Filamentous Fungal Keratitis Caused When the Primarily Selected Graft Diameter was Too Small
Authors: Berger Tim , Seitz Berthold , Flockerzi Fidelis , Daas Loay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose To establish the importance of using a sufficiently large corneal graft in primary penetrating keratoplasty in order to prevent recurrence of fungal keratitis.
Oberservations A 58-year-old female patient underwent emergency penetrating keratoplasty (diameter 7.0 mm, double running suture) for therapy-resistant fungal keratitis (Fusarium
solani) at an external eye clinic. Despite intensive antifungal therapy, new fungal infiltrates appeared in the host cornea after a few days. The patient was referred to our department
for further treatment. On first presentation, circular infiltrates were seen around the corneal graft with anterior chamber involvement and therapy-resistant hypopyon. We performed an
emergency penetrating repeat keratoplasty (diameter of 13.0 mm, 32 interrupted sutures) combined with anterior chamber lavage and intracameral and intrastromal drug injection.
Conclusion and Importance Fungal keratitis sometimes has a frustrating clinical course. Therefore, early diagnosis with effective therapy initiation is of the utmost importance. In
cases of penetrating keratoplasty, optimal planning and timing (before anterior chamber involvement) should be provided. Sufficient safety distance must be ensured in the choice of graft
diameter, fixation with multiple interrupted sutures, and anterior chamber lavage, as well as intracameral and intrastromal drug administration. Incomplete excision carries a risk of
recurrence and endophthalmitis in the course. Close postoperative control is necessary to detect early recurrences.
Stigmatisierungserfahrungen bei beruflich Pflegenden im Kontext von
Covid-19 – eine Qualitative Studie
Authors: Faller Gudrun , Zeiser Maria , Geiger Laura , Schieron Martin , Skarabis Noemi , Scheuvens Lea , Schubert Melanie , Melzer Marlen , Wegewitz Uta , Seidler Andreas , Girbig Maria 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen scheinen im Vergleich zu
anderen Berufsgruppen stärker von Stigmatisierung im Kontext der
Covid-19-Pandemie betroffen zu sein. Allerdings ist die Wissensbasis
diesbezüglich noch lückenhaft. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war
einerseits die Untersuchung pandemiebedingter Stigmatisierungserfahrungen bei
pflegerischem und ärztlichem Personal in Deutschland, andererseits die
Ermittlung spezifischer Details hinsichtlich der Art und Auswirkungen von
Stigmatisierungserfahrungen sowie geeigneter Präventions- und
Interventionsmaßnahmen.
Material und Methode Leitfadengestützte, teilstandardisierte
Interviews mit – von Stigmatisierung im Zusammenhang mit der
Covid-19-Pandemie betroffenen – beruflich Pflegenden wurden
durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Sechzehn Pflegefachkräfte beteiligten sich an den
Interviews. Als Quellen von Stigmatisierung wurden Freunde und Bekannte,
Familienangehörige, Vorgesetzte, Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Patientinnen
und Patienten und deren Angehörige, fremde Personen sowie
öffentliche Medien genannt. Ein Teil der interviewten Personen
berichtete über Selbststigmatisierung. Anlässe für
Stigmatisierung waren im privaten Umfeld primär die Angst vor
Ansteckung, hingegen ließ sich Stigmatisierung im Arbeitskontext unter
anderem auf krankheitsbedingte Abwesenheit vom Arbeitsplatz
zurückführen. Als Stigmatisierungsformen traten verschiedene
Arten der Distanzierung und Kontaktvermeidung sowie Vorwürfe auf. Als
Folgen wurden ein breites Spektrum negativer Gefühlsqualitäten
sowie psychosomatische Beschwerden beschrieben. Der Umgang mit der
Stigmatisierungserfahrung war sehr individuell. Einige Betroffene versuchten,
erneute Stigmatisierung durch Verschweigen der eigenen Berufstätigkeit
oder Arbeitsstelle zu verhindern. Die soziale Umgebung der Betroffenen reagierte
zumeist mit Zuspruch und verbaler Unterstützung.
Schlussfolgerung Stigmatisierung von beruflich Pflegenden infolge von
Pandemien ist ein in Deutschland noch kaum erschlossenes Forschungsfeld.
Besonderer Forschungsbedarf wird in der Quantifizierung von Ausmaß,
Erscheinungsformen und Folgen berufsbedingter Stigmatisierung sowie in der
Entwicklung geeigneter Präventionsstrategien auf betrieblicher und
überbetrieblicher Ebene gesehen.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Nitro-2H-azirines via sp3 C–H Activation
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu , Huang Xiaojun , Ge Yun , Qian Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn expedient Rh(III)-catalytic method has been described to synthesis of 2-nitro-2H-azirine derivatives from easily accessible β-nitrooxime ethers via sp3 C–H activation process. This protocol features of low catalyst loading, very mild reaction conditions, and tolerating a diverse of functionalities in good yields. A possible reaction pathway is proposed involving [RhCp*Cl2]2-catalyzed sp3 C–H bond activation and pivalic acid elimination steps.
An Analysis of Tolerance and Early Survival Outcomes with Perioperative Modified FLOT in Gastric Cancers
Authors: Bhargava Prabhat , Das Sudeep , Ostwal Vikas , Srinivas Sujay , Bhandare Manish , Chaudhari Vikram , Bal Munita , Mantri Anoop , Kapoor Akhil , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Ramaswamy Anant 
Published: March 2022

Purpose Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) is a current standard of care for locoregionally advanced gastric adenocarcinomas. There is limited real world data with regard to the tolerance and efficacy of this regimen.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of gastric cancer patients who were offered neoadjuvant perioperative modified FLOT regimen between December 2016 and October 2018, at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. Chemotherapy-related side-effects are reported along with overall survival (OS), as calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.
Results Three hundred and forty-three consecutive patients were started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with mFLOT of which 298 patients (87%) completed the planned treatment. A total of 294 patients (86%) underwent curative resection of gastric cancer. Common grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities during NACT were diarrhea in 42 patients (12%) and febrile neutropenia in 27 patients (8%). Toxic death was seen in nine (2.6%) patients. A total of 264 patients (77%) completed planned adjuvant chemotherapy. Common grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities during adjuvant therapy were diarrhea in 42 patients (12%) and febrile neutropenia in 16 patients (6%). With a median follow-up of 19 months, the estimated 2-year median OS was 69.4%.
Conclusion Administration of modified FLOT regimen in locoregionally advanced gastric cancers is feasible in clinical practice with high completion rates, though requiring dose modifications due to the incidence of clinically relevant grade 3 to 5 toxicities. Early outcomes with the regimen are on par with survivals from the FLOT-AIO study.
Audit of In-Hospital Mortality from a Medical Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Center with the Emphasis on Best Supportive Care
Authors: Sundriyal Deepak , Nath Uttam Kumar , Kumar Parmod , Gupta Sweety , Joseph Deepa , Vaniyath Sudeep , Chetia Rituparna , Bakliwal Anamika , Chattopadhyay Debranjini , Dhingra Gaurav , Sehrawat Amit 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives The newly established medical oncology and hemato-oncology center at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, provided us an opportunity to audit in-hospital mortalities with a vision that the audit will serve as a standard for ceaseless improvement. Aim of the study was to initiate a vigorous process for the evaluation of all-cause mortality in patients suffering from cancer.
Methods An audit of all in-hospital deaths that occurred during the year 2019 was performed, and comprehensive scrutiny of various parameters (demographic, clinico-pathological, therapeutic, causes of death) was done. Reviews from two independent observers sharpened the infallibility of the audit. The lacunae in the existing practices and the scope for further improvement were noted.
Results Forty-five in-hospital deaths were registered during the study period (January–December 2019). The majority of the deaths occurred in patients with advanced stage of malignancy ([n = 31] 68.8%). Most common causes of death were progressive disease, neutropenic, and non-neutropenic sepsis. Chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, blood components, and antibiotics were found to be used judiciously as per institutional policy. The reviewers emphasized on the use of comorbidity indexes in the treatment planning and avoiding intensive care unit referrals for patients receiving best supportive care (BSC). Emphasis was put on providing only BSC to the patients with a very limited life expectancy. Emphasis was also laid down on record of out of the hospital deaths.
Interpretation and Conclusion The audit disclosed areas of care which require further improvement. The mortality audit exercise should become a regular part of evaluation and training for the ongoing and future quality commitment. This should impact the clinical decision making in an oncology center providing quality care to the terminally ill patients.
Prognostic Impact of Baseline Liver Metastasis in ALK Fusion-Positive Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Khaddar Satvik , Kapoor Akhil , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Menon Nandini , Mahajan Abhishek , Janu Amit , Kumar Rajiv , Purandare Nilendu , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction The prognosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients has improved drastically since the introduction of targeted therapies. Apart from age, performance status, and type of driver mutation in a mNSCLC, prognosis also depends on baseline metastatic sites number as well as location with liver metastases being a poor prognostic factor. However, the clinical and prognostic association of baseline liver metastases in ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC is not well known.
Material and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC patients to assess prognostic impact of liver metastases. Records were obtained from lung cancer audit database and electronic medical records. Patients were started on either chemotherapy, ALK-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or given best supportive care as per the clinical scenario. Radiological response was assessed every 2 to 3 months or earlier at clinical suspicion of progressive disease. Adverse events were evaluated as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.02.
Results A total of 441 patients were screened, out of which 76 had baseline liver metastases. Median age was 49 years with 64.5% males. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.9–19.4) in patients with baseline liver metastases. In patients who received first-line ALK inhibitor therapy versus who received first-line chemotherapy, mPFS was significantly better in the ALK-directed therapy subgroup, 15.3 months (95% CI 11.7–18.9) versus 5.9 months (95% CI 2.7–9.1), respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.3 [95% CI 0.17–0.54]; p < 0.001). Median overall survival (mOS) was 27.6 months (95% CI 17.4–37.7) in patients with baseline liver metastases which was not statistically significant from patients without baseline liver metastases which was 32.3 months (95% CI 28.8–35.7) (HR 1.32 [95% CI 0.91–1.9]; p = 0.22). Use of ALK-directed therapy in patients with baseline liver metastases resulted in better OS, mOS not reached versus 15.7 months (95% CI 2.7–28.8) in the chemotherapy group (HR 0.33 [95% CI 0.16—0.67]; p < 0.001).
Conclusion In patients with ALK fusion-positive mNSCLC, baseline liver metastases was not found to be an independent prognostic factor. However, the use of ALK-directed therapy resulted in a significantly better PFS and OS as compared with chemotherapy in patients with baseline liver metastases. This underscores the importance of the use of ALK-directed therapy whenever feasible in this group of patients.