bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthesis is not the unique useful trait for discriminating salt tolerance capacity between sensitive and tolerant quinoa varieties
Authors: Agirresarobe Aitor , Miranda-Apodaca Jon , Odriozola Iñaki , Muñoz-Rueda Alberto , Pérez-López Usue 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Growth was not strictly linked to photosynthesis performance under salinity conditions in quinoa. Other key traits, which were varieties-specific, rather than photosynthesis explained better growth performance.

Abstract
Phenotyping for salinity stress tolerance in quinoa is of great interest to select traits contributing to overall salinity tolerance and to understand the response mechanisms to salinity at a whole plant level. The objective of this work was to dissect the responses of specific traits and analyse relations between these traits to better understand growth response under salinity conditions in quinoa. Growth response to salinity was mostly related to differences in basal values of biomass, being reduced the most in plants with higher basal biomass. Regarding the relationship between growth and specific traits, in Puno variety, better photosynthetic performance was related to a better maintenance of growth. Nevertheless, in the rest of the varieties other traits rather than photosynthesis could better explain growth response. In this way, the development of succulence in F-16 and Collana varieties, also the osmotic adjustment but in smaller dimensions in Pasankalla, Marisma and S-15-15 helped to maintain better growth. Besides, smaller increases of Cl− could have caused a limited nitrate uptake reducing more growth in Vikinga. Ascorbate was considered a key trait as a noticeable fall of it was also related to higher reductions in growth in Titicaca. These results suggest that, due to the genetic variability of quinoa and the complexity of salinity tolerance, no unique and specific traits should be taken into consideration when using phenotyping for analysing salinity tolerance in quinoa.
Clinical characteristics of a large cohort of patients with narcolepsy candidate for pitolisant: a cross-sectional study from the Italian PASS Wakix® Cohort
Authors: Mutti Carlotta , Brunetti Valerio , Figorilli Michela , Liguori Claudio , Pizza Fabio , Proserpio Paola , Sacco Tommaso , Pedrazzi Giuseppe , Lecomte Isabelle , Blanchard Nora , Agostoni Elio Clemente , Bonanni Enrica , Centonze Diego , Cicolin Alessandro , Della Marca Giacomo , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Ferri Raffaele , Gigli Gian Luigi , Izzi Francesca , Liguori Rocco , Lodi Raffaele , Nobili Lino , Parrino Liborio , Placidi Fabio , Puligheddu Monica , Romigi Andrea , Savarese Maria Antonietta , Terzaghi Michele , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Narcolepsy is a chronic and rare hypersomnia of central origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and a complex array of symptoms as well as by several medical comorbidities. With growing pharmacological options, polytherapy may increase the possibility of a patient-centered management of narcolepsy symptoms. The aims of our study are to describe a large cohort of Italian patients with narcolepsy who were candidates for pitolisant treatment and to compare patients’ subgroups based on current drug prescription (drug-naïve patients in whom pitolisant was the first-choice treatment, switching to pitolisant from other monotherapy treatments, and adding on in polytherapy).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey based on Italian data from the inclusion visits of the Post Authorization Safety Study of pitolisant, a 5-year observational, multicenter, international study.

Results
One hundred ninety-one patients were enrolled (76.4% with narcolepsy type 1 and 23.6% with narcolepsy type 2). Most patients (63.4%) presented at least one comorbidity, mainly cardiovascular and psychiatric. Pitolisant was prescribed as an add-on treatment in 120/191 patients (62.8%), as switch from other therapies in 42/191 (22.0%), and as a first-line treatment in 29/191 (15.2%). Drug-naive patients presented more severe sleepiness, lower functional status, and a higher incidence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Our study presents the picture of a large cohort of Italian patients with narcolepsy who were prescribed with pitolisant, suggesting that polytherapy is highly frequent to tailor a patient-centered approach.
Alteration of interoceptive sensitivity: expanding the spectrum of behavioural disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Moretta Pasquale , Spisto Myriam , Ausiello Francesco Pio , Iodice Rosa , De Lucia Natascia , Santangelo Gabriella , Trojano Luigi , Salvatore Elena , Dubbioso Raffaele 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Non-motor-symptoms, such as cognitive, emotional, autonomic, and somatosensory alterations, have been also described.
Interoception represents the link between the body and brain, since it refers to the ability to consciously perceive the physical condition of the inner body, including one’s heartbeat (i.e., interoceptive sensitivity, IS).

Objectives
To evaluate IS in ALS patients by means of a well-established task: the heartbeat perception task. Moreover, we evaluated possible correlations between IS and neuropsychological, affective, and disease-related characteristics.

Methods
Fifty-five ALS patients (mean-age = 60.3 ± 12.5 years; mean disease-duration = 20.9 ± 18.8 months) and 41 caregivers (CG) underwent the heartbeat perception task and an extensive evaluation of motor, cognitive, body awareness, affective, and emotion domains.

Results
ALS patients showed lower IS than CG (0.68 ± 0.24 vs 0.82 ± 0.16; p = 0.003). Significant correlations were found between IS and self-reported measures of alexithymia (subscale of Toronto Alexithymia scale-20 “difficulties in describing feelings”; rho =  − .391, p = .003) and interoceptive awareness (subscale of Multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness “not worrying about pain”; rho = .405, p = .002). No significant differences were found on questionnaires for depression and anxiety between patients with ALS and their caregivers (p > .05).

Conclusions
ALS patients show reduced interoceptive sensitivity that is associated with poorer ability to describe feelings and with lower focalization on pain, regardless of cognitive and motor impairment. Alteration of interoception may represent a specific behavioural sign within the spectrum of emotion processing deficits described in ALS patients.
Fire Hawk Optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Azizi Mahdi , Talatahari Siamak , Gandomi Amir H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study proposes the Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO) as a novel metaheuristic algorithm based on the foraging behavior of whistling kites, black kites and brown falcons. These birds are termed Fire Hawks considering the specific actions they perform to catch prey in nature, specifically by means of setting fire. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, a numerical investigation was conducted on 233 mathematical test functions with dimensions of 2–100, and 150,000 function evaluations were performed for optimization purposes. For comparison, a total of ten different classical and new metaheuristic algorithms were utilized as alternative approaches. The statistical measurements include the best, mean, median, and standard deviation of 100 independent optimization runs, while well-known statistical analyses, such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Post-Hoc analysis, were also conducted. The obtained results prove that the FHO algorithm exhibits better performance than the compared algorithms from literature. In addition, two of the latest Competitions on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), such as CEC 2020 on bound constraint problems and CEC 2020 on real-world optimization problems including the well-known mechanical engineering design problems, were considered for performance evaluation of the FHO algorithm, which further demonstrated the superior capability of the optimizer over other metaheuristic algorithms in literature. The capability of the FHO is also evaluated in dealing with two of the real-size structural frames with 15 and 24 stories in which the new method outperforms the previously developed metaheuristics.
Designing chickpea for a hotter drier world
Authors: Akinlade Oluwaseun J. , Voss-Fels Kai , Costilla Roy , Kholova Jana , Choudhary Sunita , Varshney Rajeev K. , Hickey Lee T. , Smith Millicent R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important grain legumes in the world, but its current and future production is threatened due to the increased incidence of drought and heat stress. To address this challenge, an integrated crop improvement strategy encompassing breeding, genomics, physiology and agronomy is required. Here, we review the physiological traits known to confer drought and heat adaptation in chickpea and identify areas of drought and heat adaptation research that may be prioritised in the future. Furthermore, we underscore approaches to efficiently phenotype chickpea adaptation traits and highlight the significant challenges and importance of understanding the nexus between canopy and root development. Finally, we present the opportunity to adopt multi-trait genomic prediction approaches to efficiently utilise key physiological traits, that can be assayed using high-throughput phenotyping platforms, to accelerate genetic gain in drought and heat prone environments.
Improvement of ferroelectric properties via Zr doping in barium titanate nanoparticles
Authors: Reda Mahasen , El-Dek S. I. , Arman M. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBarium titanate is still the prototype of a piezoelectric crystalline material that has attracted many researchers and industrial partners to use. A modified citrate method was used to create barium titanate nanoparticles BaTi1−xZrxO3. The samples were crystallized in a single-phase tetragonal structure, as revealed using X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallite size decreases with increasing Zr concentration. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the main absorption bands of the samples BaTi1−xZrxO3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs illustrate that the doped sample BaTi0.9Zr0.1O3 is more porous and finer than the parent. For low Zr doping concentrations (x = 0.1), the ferroelectric properties of barium titanate are improved. The conduction mechanisms in the samples are small polaron hopping and correlated barrier hopping. The Zr/Ti ratio is a crucial parameter for tailoring the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition.
Utility of Silver-nanoparticles for Nano-fluorimetric Determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Fluids: Greenness Assessment
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVancomycin hydrochloride (VANH) is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly employed in the prophylaxis and therapy of various gram-positive bacterial life-threatening infections. Due to the narrow therapeutic window of VANH, its serum levels should be well-monitored to avoid its toxicity and to optimize its therapy. Herein, an innovative silver-nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence technique was designed for VANH rapid analysis in its pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids. This technique is based on reinforcement of VANH fluorescence intensity with silver-nanoparticles that were synthesized by a redox reaction between VANH and silver nitrate in NaOH alkaline medium using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The produced silver-nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–visible spectroscopy where they have an intense absorption maximum at 415 nm and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrograph where they are spherical in shape with smooth surface morphology and size of 10.74 ± 2.44 nm. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 394 nm after excitation at 259 nm. Under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was accomplished between the VANH concentration and the fluorescence intensity in a range of (1–36) ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.29 ng/mL. Greenness assessment was performed using two assessment tools namely; eco-scale scoring and green analytical procedure index revealing excellent greenness of the proposed technique. The proposed technique was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations and statistically compared with the reported HPLC method revealing no significant difference concerning accuracy and precision at p = 0.05. The proposed technique depended primarily on water as a cheap and eco-friendly solvent.
Religiosity, Religious Coping and Distress Among Outpatients with Psychosis in Singapore
Authors: Cetty Laxman , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Roystonn Kumarasan , Devi Fiona , Abdin Edimansyah , Tang Charmaine , Verma Swapna , Chong Siow Ann , Ramsay Jonathan , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of religious coping and explore the association between religious coping, religiosity, and distress symptoms amongst 364 outpatients diagnosed with psychosis in Singapore. Positive and Negative Religious Coping (PRC and NRC), religiosity (measuring the constructs of Organised Religious Activity (ORA), Non-Organised Religious Activity (NORA), and Intrinsic Religiosity (IR)) and severity of distress symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) were self-reported by the participants. The majority of participants (68.9%) reported religion to be important in coping with their illness. Additionally, multiple linear regression analyses found that NRC was significantly associated with higher symptoms of distress. In contrast, ORA was significantly associated with lower anxiety symptom scores. Overall, the study indicates the importance of religion in coping with psychosis and the potential value in incorporating religious interventions in mental health care.
Classroom-based physical activity and teachers’ instructions on students’ movement in conventional classrooms and open learning spaces
Authors: Hartikainen Jani , Haapala Eero A. , Poikkeus Anna-Maija , Sääkslahti Arja , Laukkanen Arto , Gao Ying , Finni Taija 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a result of educational reforms in many countries, including Finland, new or renovated comprehensive schools have increasingly begun to incorporate open and flexible designs and principles. Multipurpose and adaptable open learning spaces can provide children with amplified opportunities to be physically active during general education. Classroom-based physical activity has been associated with better academic-related outcomes and students’ on-task behaviour, while overall physical activity has been associated with better health. In the present study, we investigated the effects of classroom type, gender and grade level on classroom-based physical activity, and the associations between systematically-observed teachers’ instructions about students’ movement and classroom-based physical activity. The participants consisted of 182 3rd and 5th grade students in one school with open learning space and two schools with conventional classrooms. Overall, classroom-based physical activity, assessed with accelerometery, was not higher in open learning space than in conventional classrooms. However, 5th grade students had more sedentary time and less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in open learning spaces than conventional classrooms, but both 3rd and 5th graders had more breaks from sedentary time in open learning spaces than conventional classrooms. Girls were more sedentary than boys, while 5th graders were less physically active than 3rd graders. Teachers’ instructions regarding 5th graders’ movement in open learning spaces were more restrictive and both 3rd and 5th graders had more instructed transitions in open learning spaces. In conventional classrooms, students had more teacher-organised physical activity. Teachers’ restrictive guidance was associated with less light physical activity, while teachers’ organised physical activity was associated with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Neural Bases of Sector Bias in Perceptions of Public Versus Private-Sector Service Performance
Authors: Casado-Aranda Luis-Alberto , de la Higuera-Molina Emilio José , Sánchez-Fernández Juan , Zafra-Gómez José Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGovernments, political parties and public institutions regularly design and launch communication campaigns emphasising their successes, fostering participation in democratic acts, promoting the use of public services and seeking to boost electoral support. Accordingly, researchers in the fields of politics and public administration have long sought to enhance our understanding of how individuals perceive the performance of services offered by the private and public sectors. In this respect, conflicting findings have been reported: some studies affirm there is an anti-public sector bias, others detect a preference towards public-sector providers, and some have found no evidence of a sector bias, pro or anti. We believe it crucially important to understand the mechanisms underlying sector bias, if it exists. To address the current research gap in this area, we make use of theories and tools drawn from neuropolitics (namely, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI) to elucidate the neurobiological foundations of perceptions regarding the performance of public-sector service providers. The neural findings obtained reveal that brain networks associated with reward and positive values provide a neurobiological explanation for pro-public sector bias, while neural mechanisms linked to aversion, risk, ambiguity and motivated reasoning are associated with an anti-public-sector bias. The implications of these findings should be considered by policymakers; for example, to promote acceptance of public-sector service provision, people must be clearly informed about the goals achieved and other positive aspects.
A comparison of precision and conventional irrigation in corn production in Southeast Alabama
Authors: Bondesan Luca , Ortiz Brenda V. , Morlin Franciele , Morata Guilherme , Duzy Leah , van Santen Edzard , Lena Bruno P. , Vellidis George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdoption of water-conservation irrigation practices could potentially reduce water and energy use and increase profitability, as well as protect the environment. Precision irrigation consisting of soil sensors (SS) for irrigation scheduling and variable rate irrigation (VRI) was compared with conventional uniform irrigation (URI). The study was conducted in South Alabama during the 2018 and 2019 corn growing seasons. The SS-VRI and URI treatments spanned the length of the field and were compared across five different management zones (MZ) that exhibited soil and terrain differences. Soil water tension sensors were installed on each MZ-treatment area to monitor hourly soil water changes. Results showed that on the two zones covering 55% of the study field, MZ 1 and MZ 2, the SS-VRI treatment, on a two-year average, resulted in 26% less irrigation water applied compared to the URI treatment; however, there were no statistical differences between yields or yield variability among treatments. Even though in MZ 4, there was not a substantial difference in irrigation water applied among treatments, soil sensors increased the precision of irrigation rate determination during the peak of high crop water demand. Findings from this study showed that as rainfall amount and distribution change over a crop growing period, soil sensor-based irrigation scheduling could be used to prevent over- or under irrigation. With proper management, the combination of soil sensors and VRI provides farmers with the opportunity to reduce water use, while increasing or maintaining yields; however, farmers must consider the investment and operating costs relative to the benefits.
Measurement properties of the Dutch PROMIS-29 v2.1 profile in people with and without chronic conditions
Authors: Elsman Ellen B. M. , Roorda Leo D. , Smidt Nynke , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Terwee Caroline B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and construct validity of the Dutch PROMIS-29 v2.1 profile, including seven physical (e.g., pain, physical function), mental (e.g., depression, anxiety), and social (e.g., role functioning) domains of health, in a Dutch general population sample including subsamples with and without chronic diseases.

Methods
The PROMIS-29 was completed by 63,602 participants from the Lifelines cohort study. Structural validity of the PROMIS-29, including unidimensionality of each domain and the physical and mental health summary scores, was evaluated using factor analyses (criteria: CFI ≥ 0.95, TLI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA ≤ 0.06, SRMR ≤ 0.08). Internal consistency, measurement invariance (no differential item functioning (DIF) for age, gender, administration mode, educational level, ethnicity, chronic diseases), and construct validity (hypotheses on known-groups validity and correlations between domains) were assessed per domain.

Results
The factor structure of the seven domains was supported (CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.046, SRMR = 0.031) as was unidimensionality of each domain, both in the entire sample and the subsamples. Model fit of the physical and mental health summary scores reached the criteria, and scoring coefficients were obtained. Cronbach’s alpha for the seven PROMIS-29 domains ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 in the complete sample. No DIF was detected. Of the predefined hypotheses, 78% could be confirmed.

Conclusion
Sufficient structural validity, internal consistency and measurement invariance were found, both in the entire sample and in subsamples with and without chronic diseases. Requirements for sufficient evidence for construct validity were (almost) met for most subscales. Future studies should investigate test–retest reliability, measurement error, and responsiveness of the PROMIS-29.
A Numerical Investigation on Effective Diffusion in Cement-Based Composites: The Role of Aggregate Shape
Authors: Liu Qingchen , Wei Deheng , Zhang Hongzhi , Zhai Chongpu , Gan Yixiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Diffusive behaviour is the fundamental mechanism of ionic-induced corrosion in cement–granular composites. Aggregate characteristics, including shape anisotropy, spatial orientation, and size distribution, significantly influence effective diffusivity. However, influences of all such types of aggregate irregularity have rarely been systematically quantified, and most of the representative aggregate shapes in numerical simulations are convex than realistic concave. In this study, we apply the finite element method (FEM) to investigate diffusion behaviour of 2D cement-based composites. Realistic multi-scale aggregate shapes, characterised by fractal dimension (Fd) and relative roughness (Rr), are generated to highlight the influence of aggregate morphology on the effective diffusivity. The spatial distribution is evaluated by the disorder index. From numerical results, samples with a larger disorder index, indicating a broader throat size distribution, show smaller effective diffusivities. Meanwhile, aggregate shape irregularity causes much smaller effective diffusivities, highlighting the necessity of the realistic concave particle shapes in numerical simulations. Sensitivity studies show Fd and Rr are more related to the effective diffusivity than other single-scale classical shape parameters. At last, a model with only these two shape parameters is proposed to predict effective diffusivity. This work further improves the understanding of the role of aggregate morphology on the effective diffusivity, towards applications in ionic-induced corrosion in two-phase composites.

Highlights

Realistic grain shapes in composites are generated using Fourier transformation.

Effects of aggregate characteristics on the effective diffusivity are investigated.

Fd and Rr are key geometrical parameters influencing the effective diffusivity.