bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability is associated with cerebral small vessel disease in patients with diabetes
Authors: Qiu Qianwen , Song Wenhui , Zhou Xirui , Yu Zhiyuan , Wang Minghuan , Hao Huang , Pan Dengji , Luo Xiang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveLow heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, has been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and incident stroke. However, the relationship between HRV and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) showed contradictory results. We aimed to examine the relationship of HRV and total burden of CSVD and each of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of CSVD.MethodsWe recruited 435 patients who attended our hospital for physical examination between June 2020 and August 2021. All underwent 24-h Holter monitoring and MRI scan. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) was selected as the method for HRV assessment. The presence of severe white matter hyperintensity, lacunes, and &gt;10 enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds were added for estimating the CSVD score (0–4). Multivariate logistic analyses was performed to assess whether HRV was independently associated with the burden of CSVD and each of the MRI markers of CSVD, with and without stratification by prevalent diabetes.ResultsThis study included 435 subjects with a mean age of 64.0 (57.0–70.0) years; 49.4% of the patients were male, and 122 (28.0%) had a history of diabetes. In multivariate analyses, lower SDNN was independently associated with total burden of CSVD and the presence of enlarged perivascular spaces in all subjects. According to diabetes stratification, lower SDNN was independently associated with total burden of CSVD and each MRI markers of CSVD separately only in the diabetic group.ConclusionsLower HRV was associated with total burden of CSVD and each MRI markers of CSVD separately among diabetic patients, but not among non-diabetic patients.
Prognostic nutritional index for predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Sun Hao , Chen Li , Huang Rong , Pan Hongming , Zuo Yanjiao , Zhao Ruihu , Xue Yingwei , Song Hongjiang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveAlthough the application of immunotherapy in gastric cancer has achieved satisfactory clinical effects, many patients have no response. The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate the predictive ability of the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Materials and methodsParticipants were 146 gastric cancer patients with ICIs (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) or chemotherapy. All patients were divided into a low PNI group and a high PNI group based on the cut-off evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We contrasted the difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in two groups while calculating the prognosis factors for PFS and OS by univariate and multivariate analyses. Moreover, the nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analysis was constructed to estimate the 1- and 3-year survival probabilities.ResultsThere were 41 (28.1%) cases in the low PNI group and 105 (71.9%) cases in the high PNI group. The median survival time for PFS in the low PNI group and high PNI group was 12.30 months vs. 33.07 months, and 18.57 months vs. not reached in the two groups for OS. Patients in low PNI group were associated with shorter PFS and OS in all patients [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.913, p = 0.013 and HR = 2.332, p = 0.001]. Additionally, in subgroup analysis, low PNI group cases also had poorer PFS and OS, especially in patients with ICIs. In addition, the multivariate analysis found that carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for PFS. At the same time, indirect bilirubin (IDBIL), CA724, PNI, and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionPrognostic nutrition index was an accurate inflammatory and nutritional marker, which could predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer who received ICIs. PNI could be used as a biomarker for ICIs to identify patients with gastric cancer who might be sensitive to ICIs.
Postoperative outcomes of resectable periampullary cancer accompanied by obstructive jaundice with and without preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage
Authors: Pattarapuntakul Tanawat , Charoenrit Tummarong , Netinatsunton Nisa , Yaowmaneerat Thanapon , Pitakteerabundit Thakerng , Ovartlarnporn Bancha , Attasaranya Siriboon , Wong Thanawin , Chamroonkul Naichaya , Sripongpun Pimsiri 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPreoperative biliary drainage (PBD) is useful in resectable periampullary cancer with obstructive jaundice. Whether it is better than direct surgery (DS) in terms of postoperative complications and mortality is controversial.MethodsAll cases of successful pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in patients with periampullary cancer with obstructive jaundice performed between January 2016 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Endoscopic PBD was performed; data pertaining to serum bilirubin level, procedural technique, and duration before surgery were obtained. The incidence of postoperative complications and survival rate were compared between the PBD and DS group.ResultsA total of 104 patients (PBD, n = 58; DS, n = 46) underwent curative PD. The mean age was 63.8 ± 10 years and 53 (51%) were male. Age, body mass index (BMI), sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, presence of comorbid disease, initial laboratory results, and pathological diagnoses were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative complications was 58.6% in the PBD group while 73.9% in the DS group (relative risk [RR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92, 1.73, p=0.155) and the difference was not significant except in bile leakage (RR 8.83, 95% CI 1.26, 61.79, p = 0.021) and intraoperative bleeding (RR 3.97, 95% CI 0.88, 17.85, p = 0.049) which were higher in the DS group. The one-year survival rate was slightly less in the DS group but the difference was not statistically significant. The independent predictors for death within 1-year were intraoperative bleeding and preoperative total bilirubin &gt; 14.6 mg/dL.ConclusionsPBD in resectable malignant distal biliary obstruction showed no benefit in terms of 1-year survival over DS approach. But it demonstrated the benefit of lower risks of intraoperative bleeding, and bile leakage. Additionally, the level of pre-operative bilirubin level of over 14.6 mg/dL and having intraoperative bleeding were associated with a lower 1-year survival in such patients. Overall, PBD may be not necessary for all resectable periampullary cancer patients, but there might be a role in those with severely jaundice (&gt;14.6 mg/dL), as it helps lower risk of intraoperative bleeding, and might lead to a better survival outcome.
Primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma after operation for small intestinal stromal tumor: A case report
Authors: Peng Zhiwei , Yi Li , Tao Yahong , Chen Zhiyong , Lin Ze , He Anjing , Jin Mengni , Liu Fanrong , Zuo Minjing 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in combination with other primary malignancies is high, which occurs before and after the diagnosis of GIST. Primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Case presentationWe report a 53-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough, and expectoration for 2 weeks. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a cavitary mass in the left lower lobe with multiple nodules in the upper lobes of both lungs. The patient had a history of surgery for small intestinal stromal tumors and was treated with oral imatinib after surgery. Lung biopsy was diagnosed as lymphomatoid granulomatosis, tending to grade 3. The pathological diagnosis was corrected by surgery and genetic testing for lung non-Hodgkin CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in some cells. After multiple chemotherapies, the CT scan showed a better improvement than before. The patient is still under follow-up, and no tumor recurrence has been found.ConclusionPatients with a history of GIST should be monitored for other malignancies. The clinical symptoms and imaging examinations of primary pulmonary T-cell lymphoma are not characteristic, and the definite diagnosis still depends on pathological examination. The patient was treated with the CHOP chemotherapy regimen after the operation, the curative effect was good.
Interpretable machine learning to identify important predictors of birth weight: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Zheng , Han Na , Su Tao , Ji Yuelong , Bao Heling , Zhou Shuang , Luo Shusheng , Wang Hui , Liu Jue , Wang Hai-Jun 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPredicting birth weight and identifying its risk factors are clinically important. This study aims to use interpretable machine learning to predict birth weight and identity important predictors.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, China, recruiting pregnant women between June 2018 and February 2019. We used 24 features to predict infant birth weight, including gestational age, mother's age, parity, history of macrosomia delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), height, father's BMI, lifestyle (diet, physical activity, smoking), and biomarker (fasting glucose and lipids) features. Study outcome was birth weight of infant. We used 8 supervised learning models including 4 individual [linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, support vector machines regression (SVR)], and 4 ensemble estimators (random forest, AdaBoost, gradient boosted trees, and voting ensemble for regression) to predict birth weight. Model accuracy was measured by root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10-fold cross validation on the training set and RMSE of prediction on the test set. We used permutation importance algorithm to understand the prediction from the models and what affected them.ResultThis study included 4,754 mother-child dyads. RMSEs were lower in voting ensemble for regression, linear regression, and SVR than random forest, AdaBoost, and gradient boosted tree. The 5 most important predictors for infant birth weight were gestational age, fetal sex, preterm birth, mother's height, and pre-pregnancy BMI. After adding ultrasound-measured indicators of fetal growth into predictors, mother's height and pre-pregnancy BMI remained the most important predictors in predicting the outcome.ConclusionMother's height and pre-pregnancy BMI were identified as important predictors for infant birth weight. Interpretable machine learning is a promising tool in the prediction of birth weight.
Relationship between preterm, low birth weight, and development defects of enamel in the primary dentition: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Shan , Zhao Caiyun , Jia Liying , Ma Zhe , Zhang Xiaolin , Shi Hong 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to systematically analyze the relationship between preterm (PT), low birth weight (LBW), and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition.MethodsFollowing the retrieval of the databases, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies on the relationship between PT, LBW and DDE, which had been published in English or Chinese up to January 2022 were included. The data about odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted and calculated using STATA 12.0 Software. Case–control studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), while cross-sectional studies and cohort studies were evaluated using the JBI scale. The heterogeneity of each study was evaluated using the Q test.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included, of which 8 studied the relationship between PT and DDE, and 13 explored the relationship between LBW and DDE including three about the relationship between very low birth weight (VLBW) and DDE. Seven studies explored the relationship between PT, LBW, and DDE. The results of this meta-analysis showed that both PT and LBW especially VLBW (OR = 7.19, 95% CI: 4.98–10.38) were risk factors for DDE in the primary dentition (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.55–3.51) (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.08–2.59). The subgroup results showed that PT and LBW were both associated with the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia (EHP) (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 3.33–14.34; OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.10–3.68) rather than enamel opacity (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.55–1.61; OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.66–1.61). There was no publication bias about the included studies (P = 0.75 &gt; 0.05; P = 0.47 &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that both PT and LBW especially VLBW are associated with a higher risk of DDE in the primary dentition. PT and LBW are both related to the occurrence of EHP. However, the relationship between PT, LBW, and enamel opacity has not been verified.
Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, identifier: CRD42021262761.
Effect of proton pump inhibitors on the risk of chronic kidney disease: A propensity score-based overlap weight analysis using the United Kingdom Biobank
Authors: Zhang Xing-Yu , He Qiang-Sheng , Jing Zhong , He Juan-Xia , Yuan Jin-Qiu , Dai Xiao-Yu 
Published: November 2022

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used and have been linked to kidney diseases. However, the role of PPI use in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. We undertook this study to examine the association between PPI use and the subsequent risk of CKD.Methods: This is a prospective analysis of 462,421 participants free of cancer diagnosis or chronic kidney disease from the United Kingdom Biobank. Self-reported PPI use was recorded using an electronic questionnaire and confirmed by a trained staff. Incident CKD was identified based on the medical history. Overlap propensity score weighting with the Cox model was used to calculate the effect of PPI use on CKD risk. The number needed to harm (NNH) was calculated at 5 and 10 years of follow-up.Results: We documented 7,031 cases of CKD over a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Overlap propensity score weighting analysis showed that regular PPI users had a 37% higher risk of CKD incident than non-users (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.28–1.47). The association persisted across subgroup analyses, different types of PPIs, and several sensitivity analyses. Quantitative bias analysis indicated that the result was robust to unmeasured confounding (E-value 2.08, lower 95% CI 1.88). The NNH was 147.9 and 78.6 for 5 and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. A head-to-head comparison showed that PPI users had a 19% higher risk of CKD than H2RA users (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.39).Conclusion: The regular use of PPI is associated with a higher risk of CKD. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh up the potential benefits against the risk in prescribing PPIs, particularly for patients requiring long-term treatment.
Risk prediction model of polypharmacy for community-dwelling elderly patients: An assessment tool for early detection
Authors: Tang Qi , Lu Jing , Wu Wenhui , Liu Zhenwei , Zhao Sitang , Li Chengyue , Chen Gang , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2022

Background: Polypharmacy has become a major and growing public health issue, with significant implications for health outcomes and expenditure on healthcare resources. In this study, a risk prediction model of polypharmacy represented by a nomogram for community-dwelling elderly patients based on the Chinese population was constructed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China. The variables data affecting polypharmacy were fetched from the information system database of health government departments in Shanghai. The Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to select the predictor variables, and multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the prediction model. A visual tool of the nomogram was established for predicting the risk of polypharmacy in the elderly population. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to estimate the performance of the model.Results: A total of 80,012 elderly patients were included in this study. Eight variables, containing age, residential area, preferred medical institutions, number of visits to tertiary hospitals, number of visits to secondary hospitals, number of visits to community health centers, number of diagnoses, and main types of disease, were included in the risk prediction model of nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.782 in both sets, demonstrating that the model has a good discriminant ability. The calibration chart shows that the prediction model fits well with the validation set. DCA results displayed that the threshold probabilities of the two sets in the prediction model reached up to 90%, implying that the model had a preferable application value.Conclusion: This study explored the risk factors for polypharmacy among the elderly in Shanghai, China, and applied the nomogram to establish a predictive model via eight variables, which provided an effective tool for early screening and timely prevention of polypharmacy. Family physicians or pharmacists could scientifically use the tool to closely observe community-dwelling elderly patients, decreasing the adverse health effects caused by medication for the elderly.
Research on beam quality control technology of 2 μm antimonide semiconductor laser
Authors: Li Sensen , Zhang Jingsheng , Cheng Xiangzheng , Shao Ming , Liu Qianghu , An Jiashuo , Li Shun , Fan Xinmin 
Published: November 2022

Antimonide semiconductor laser is a new type of laser with unique advantages in the 2 μm band. However, employing FP cavities causes multiple transverse modes to degrade beam quality despite achieving higher power output. In this paper, an antimonide semiconductor laser operating in 2 μm band is realized by utilizing fiber coupling and combining. Fiber combining results in higher output power, while the uniform patterns in both near-field and far-field are obtained, and the beam quality is improved. The experimental results illustrate that the output power reaches 1.2 W after 7-channel beam combination, and the near-field distribution is approximately Gaussian, while the far-field distribution is a flat-top.
Prompt gamma spectroscopy retrieval algorithm for element and density measurements accelerated by cloud computing
Authors: Wang Jin-Long , Wu Xiao-Guang , Li Zuo-Feng , Xie Shu-Qing , Hei Da-Qian , Zhao Zi-Hao , Rusanov Andrii , Zheng Yun , Li Cong-Bo , Li Tian-Xiao , Zheng Min , Wang Xiao-Dong , Ding Da-Jun , Ruan Huo-Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Prompt gamma ray in proton therapy is the product of a nuclear reaction between a proton and a target. The characteristic energies and intensities of prompt gamma lines can be used to determine the types of elements and their amounts in the target. In several previous experiments, it was demonstrated that no matter how complex the reaction cross-section is, once the energy of the incident proton and the irradiated element are determined, there is a definite linear relationship between the element concentration and the number of gamma-ray photons. However, this linear relationship is difficult to apply to medical imaging, and the nonlinear behavior of hydrogen has not been investigated so far. In this study, this linear relationship is extended to mixed elemental materials including a nonlinear case such as hydrogen, and a universal mathematical form, which is referred to as the prompt gamma spectroscopy retrieval algorithm (PGSRA), is developed. The basic assumption of the PGSRA is that the PGS of the sample material has a relationship with the molar gamma lines of the elements. For carbon and oxygen, this relationship is linear, while for hydrogen, this relationship is nonlinear. As the 2.23 MeV gamma line originates from neutron absorption radiation, the behavior of hydrogen is carefully investigated. The linear and nonlinear relationships are verified using Monte Carlo simulations with different combinations of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, such as PMMA, pentanediol, and ethanediol. The PGSRA developed in this work could be the first bridge between PGS and medical imaging.
Modelling of p-tyramine transport across human intestinal epithelial cells predicts the presence of additional transporters
Authors: Sarkar Shreyasi , Saika-Voivod Ivan , Berry Mark D. 
Published: November 2022

p-Tyramine (TYR) is an endogenous trace amine, which can also be synthesized by intestinal microbiota, and is present in commonly consumed diets. TYR is an agonist for the intracellular trace amine-associated receptor 1, which has been implicated in psychiatric, metabolic, and immune-related disorders. We have previously demonstrated TYR readily diffuses across lipid bilayers, while transport across Caco-2 cell membranes involves Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) and a Na+-dependent active transporter. Here we developed mathematical models to determine whether known kinetics for these processes are sufficient to explain observed transcellular TYR passage. Ordinary differential equations were developed for known TYR transport processes to predict concentration-time relationships. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were assumed for all transporter-mediated processes and a one phase exponential function used for simple diffusion. Modelled concentration-time plots were compared to published experimental results. Additional transporter functions were sequentially added to models to improve consistency, and a least squares error minimization approach utilized to determine added transporter kinetics. Finally, possible TYR compartmentalization was also modelled. Following apical loading, transport across the apical, but not the basolateral, membrane was modelled without additional transporters, suggesting a basolateral transporter was missing. Consistent with this, models of basolateral compartment loading did not match experimental observations, indicating missing basolateral transporters were bidirectional. Addition of a transporter with the kinetic characteristics of OCT2 did not improve models. Varying the kinetic parameters of the added transporter improved models of basolateral, but worsened apical, loading models, suggesting the need for either a directional preference in transporters, or intracellular TYR compartmentalization. Experimental parameters were recapitulated by introducing asymmetry into the apical OCT2 (Kt_OCT2_apicaltocell = 110.4 nM, Kt_OCT2_celltoapical = 1,227.9 nM), and a symmetric basolateral facilitated diffusion transporter (Vmax = 6.0 nM/s, Kt = 628.3 nM). The apparent directionality of OCT2 may reflect altered TYR ionization due to known pH differences between compartments. Models for asymmetry and compartmentalization were compared by root mean square deviation from experimental data, and it was found that TYR compartmentalization could only partially replace the need for asymmetry of OCT2. In conclusion, modelling indicates that known TYR transport processes are insufficient to explain experimental concentration-time profiles and that asymmetry of the apical membrane OCT2 combined with additional, low affinity, basolateral membrane facilitated diffusion transporters are required.