bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer treatment costs increase more rapidly than for any other cancer—how to reverse the trend?
Authors: Ellinger J. , Alajati A. , Kubatka P. , Giordano F. A. , Ritter M. , Costigliola V. , Golubnitschaja O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccording to GLOBOCAN, about 1.41 million new prostate cancer (PCa) cases were registered in the year 2020 globally. The corresponding socio-economic burden is enormous. Anti-cancer mRNA-based therapy is a promising approach, the principle of which is currently applied for anti-COVID-19 vaccination, undergoing a detailed investigation in populations considering its short- and long-term effectiveness and potential side effects. Pragmatically considered, it will take years or even decades to make mRNA therapy working for any type of cancers, and if possible, for individual malignancy sub-types which are many specifically for the PCa. Actually, the costs of treating PCa are increasing more rapidly than those of any other cancer. The trend has to be reversed now, not in a couple of years. In general, two main components are making currently applied reactive (management of clinically manifested disease) PCa treatment particularly expensive. On one hand, it is rapidly increasing incidence of the disease and metastatic PCa as its subtype. To this end, rapidly increasing PCa incidence rates in young and middle-aged male sub-populations should be taken into account as a long-term contributor to the metastatic disease potentially developed later on in life. On the other hand, patient stratification to differentiate between non-metastatic PCa (no need for an extensive and costly treatment) and particularly aggressive cancer subtypes requiring personalised treatment algorithms is challenging. Considering current statistics, it becomes obvious that reactive medicine got at its limit in PCa management. Multi-professional expertise is unavoidable to create and implement anti-PCa programmes in the population. In our strategic paper, we exemplify challenging PCa management by providing detailed expert recommendations for primary (health risk assessment), secondary (prediction and prevention of metastatic disease in PCa) and tertiary (making palliative care to the management of chronic disease) care in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine.
A 2-D analytical solution to infinite conductivity fracture injection pressure transient analysis in non-Newtonian/Newtonian composite infinite reservoirs
Authors: Oluogun Mojeed Olawale , Igbokoyi Alpheus O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo fluid regions are usually created during either water or polymer injection into an oil reservoir for enhanced oil recovery. The two fluid regions create a composite reservoir system that requires analytical solution that can be used to evaluate the injection performance. In this study, we present a 2-D solution for non-Newtonian fluid in the inner zone coupled with infinite boundary in the outer zone using power law model. The outer zone fluid can either be Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Moreover, the mathematical model is formulated such that either zone can be with non-Newtonian power law fluid or Newtonian fluid. The infinite conductivity fractured solution obtained was compared with the ones obtained using the radial line source solution that had already been developed in the literatures, and a perfect match was obtained. An application was made to three examples that have been presented in a previous work, and satisfactory results were obtained. The dimensionless pressure drops during the early linear flow regime for all values of flow indices are the same, but with deviation during radial flow regime.
Leaflet Stresses During Full Device Simulation of Crimping to 6 mm in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, TAVI
Authors: Bressloff N. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
With continuing growth in transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of a failing aortic valve, there is increasing interest in prosthetic valve durability and the potential damage caused to leaflets by stress. Whilst most available research into the computational prediction of leaflet stresses using finite element analysis, FEA, has focussed on variations during dynamic loading, very little appears to have been reported for the impact of crimping, even though awareness of this effect is widespread. Potentially, this has been due to the difficulty of performing full model simulations of crimping to clinically meaningful diameters.

Method
A full model comprising a self-expanding frame, skirt and leaflets has been developed and crimped to a final diameter of 6 mm. A detailed description is provided of the FEA setup, emphasising the importance of the skirt definition needed to successfully crimp to this small diameter. Then, an analysis of leaflet folding and stresses is presented, particularly with respect to the differences produced between leaflet thicknesses of 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mm and for bioprosthetic and polymeric leaflet material models.

Results
In all cases, peak stresses occurred close to the modelled suture lines joining the leaflets and the skirt and high stresses were also present along axially aligned folds in the leaflets. Stresses were lower for the polymeric leaflets.

Conclusion
Successful simulation of crimping requires a finely resolved skirt mesh. Leaflet stresses during crimping are dependent on leaflet thickness, material properties and the ratio of leaflet volume to the available volume inside the crimped valve.
Influence of Fe+2 on the biomass, pigments, and essential fatty acids of ‏Arthrospira platensis
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Salman Jasim M. , Grmasha Ruqayah Ali , Abdul-Adel Esraa , Saleh Mayson Mahdi , Al-sareji Osamah J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of different ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) concentrations on the fatty acid profile of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis cultured in Zarrouk’s medium to produce biodiesel were studied. Different ferrous sulfate concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/L) and 0.01 g/L were examined on the biochemical composition of the alga and fatty acids profile of A. platensis. Findings revealed that the highest and lowest yields of fatty acid were 0 and 0.1 g/L FeSO4, respectively. It was also noticed an increase of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid when ferrous sulfate was between 0.05 and 0.1 g/L, while these fatty acids decreased at low concentration. Ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 g/L exhibited an increase and best yields in the following: growth rate and the shortest doubling time, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. Thus, increasing the FeSO4 concentration to 0.1 g/L has led to the increase in fatty acid individuals, which in turn, resulted in potential enhancement of the biodiesel production from A. platensis.
Do Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Stents Reduce Very Late Stent Thrombosis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharifkazemi Mohammadbagher , Zafar Haroon , Sharif Ruth , Wyns William , Sharif Faisal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given the complications caused by stents, especially acute thrombosis, and the late and very late stent thrombosis (VLST) following percutaneous intervention (PCI) in patients, bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BRSs) have been designed in recent years, so that their absorbance over 3 years can help eliminate the complications of non-absorbable scaffolds in the coronary arteries. Nevertheless, some studies have demonstrated their ineffectiveness or even the increased incidence of short-term and late thrombosis compared to drug-eluting stents (DESs). Studies including cohorts and registry studies as well as clinical trials have been conducted to compare these two types of stents in terms of the incidence of VLST over a period of more than 1 year. The present systematic review study investigates randomized clinical trials conducted over the last 10 years to compare the incidence rates of VLST as a result of BRSs versus DESs. A total of 11 articles were found that had investigated VLST in randomized clinical trials, and the results of two of the articles showed an increase in these complications with BRS. Therefore, until further studies are conducted and more acceptable results are obtained, we recommend that these types of stents only be used in cases where they are required according to the standards.
Development of Obstetric Practice During the Early Islamic Era
Authors: Fadel Hossam E. , Al-Hendy Ayman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArt of healing was considered the most noble of human undertakings by Islamic scholars. Acquiring medical manuscripts from previous civilizations and translating them into Arabic proceeded at a great pace. This was followed by the emergence of several great physician scientists who examined these writings, corrected many, and proceeded to produce their own, with the addition of significant original paradigm-shifting contributions to all branches of science and medicine. This article highlights some of the most important contributions to obstetrics of several prominent scholars of the early Islamic period (700–1300 A.D.)
Did Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from potato reared on a novel host for 15 years retain its host-related properties?
Authors: Clark Catherine , Boquel Sébastien , Pelletier Yvan , Goyer Claudia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyzus persicae (Sulzer) is an important agricultural pest worldwide causing major economic losses due to its ability to transmit over 100 viruses including Potato virus Y (PVY). Myzus persicae shows considerable variation with respect to performance on its host plants. The objective of this study was to use a survival experiment, behavioural observations, including observations of probing and feeding behaviour obtained using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, and a PVY acquisition experiment to determine whether or not potato was still the more suitable host for M. persicae originating on potato and reared on a novel host, table beet, for over 15 years. In a survival experiment, the pre-reproductive period was significantly longer while adult survival and whole longevity were significantly lower for M. persicae reared on beet fed beet leaves compared to M. persicae reared on potato fed potato leaves. The number of progenies produced and fecundity were both significantly reduced (90 and 85%, respectively) for M. persicae reared on beet fed beet leaves. Ethological observations and EPG assessment of M. persicae behaviour reared on beet placed on beet leaves showed significantly impaired behavioural responses compared to M. persicae reared on potato placed on potato leaves. The rate of PVY acquisition was the same for M. persicae reared on beet and on potato. These results indicate that after 15 years on table beet, M. persicae still performs better on its original host, potato, and appears to be a specialized potato-adapted genotype.
Spinoza on the Distinction Between Substance and Attribute
Authors: Salgado Borge Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractI examine Spinoza's claim in the Metaphysical Thoughts (CM) that the attributes of God are only distinguished by a distinction of reason. I contend that for Spinoza essential attributes, such as Thought or Extension, cannot be distinguished by Francisco Suarez's distinction of reasoning reason, as Martin Lin (2019) suggests, nor can he be using Suárez’ distinction of reasoned reason for this purpose, as Yitzhak Melamed (2017) believes. Since reasoning reason and the distinction of reasoned reason are the only two kinds of rational distinction available to Spinoza, it follows that for him the distinction between God's essential attributes in the CM cannot be a distinction of reason. But I show that Spinoza is not mistakenly using Suarez's distinction in the CM. Rather, I argue, Spinoza consistently follows Suárez and uses reasoned reason to distinguish between God's necessary properties and not between God's essential attributes.
Podcasting past the paywall: How diverse media allows more equitable participation in linguistic science
Authors: Figueroa Megan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paywall blocks broad participation in scientific discourse, and it is both financial and psychological. The financial paywall makes access to peer-reviewed research prohibitively expensive for many researchers. The psychological paywall refers to the gatekeeping nature of academic language. Elites hoard the products of scientific research and gatekeep membership in the specialist communities via arcane vocabulary and discourse structures, together with imposition of a tone that demands dispassionate engagement with topics that are urgent and painful to the participants of their research. To exclude the perspectives of those outside the ivory tower is to dismiss unique experiences and epistemologies, essentially blocking diversity of thought in linguistic science. A range of tools is needed to undermine this power structure. Here I highlight one, which is diverse media, in general, and podcasting, specifically. Podcasting brings diverse views into the conversation and allows racially offensive ideas to be understood as such so they can then be challenged. I present the case study of the putative so-called “30-million-word gap”—the claim that, by the time they are four years old, historically marginalized children are exposed to thirty million fewer words than middle- and upper-class white children. I use this notion, which is preposterous on its face, to illustrate the emancipatory potential of the podcast medium.
Totally anomalous “double drainage” of pulmonary venous confluence: case report with embryological aspects
Authors: Rajagopal Rengarajan , Sharma Smily , Agarwal Ritu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDouble drainage of the confluence of all four pulmonary veins is extremely rare. We present the image findings in a child with double drainage of the pulmonary venous confluence into the coronary sinus and left superior caval vein with co-existent right superior caval venous stenosis.
Unconstitutional constitutional amendment or constitutional dismemberment? A reappraisal of the presidential term limit amendment in Cameroon
Authors: Enonchong Laura-Stella 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPresidential term limit provisions are often perceived as a feature of modern democratic systems. It has been argued that their existence is a key intervention mechanism to pre-empt some undemocratic outcomes associated with incumbency advantages. In 2008, the Constitution of Cameroon was amended to abolish the presidential term limit. More than ten years on, there are ostensible signs of a democratic decline. This article takes a retrospective look at the constitutional amendment to assess its constitutionality. It is argued that a conclusion on the constitutionality of the amendment may not be unequivocal. Nevertheless, there are substantial grounds for considering the constitutional change as a constitutional dismemberment. This is premised on the fact that, although the amendment followed the normal rules for constitutional amendments, the transformation amounted to a fundamental break with the constitutional commitment to democracy that underpinned the adoption of the 1996 Constitution.
Line‐Source Model Based Rapid Inversion for Deriving Large Earthquake Rupture Characteristics Using High‐Rate GNSS Observations
Authors: Zheng Jiawei , Fang Rongxin , Li Min , Lv Huanghui , Liu Jingnan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a new method using Global Navigation Satellite System‐derived peak ground velocities to rapidly determine rupture characteristics for large earthquakes (Mw > 6). A three‐step strategy is adopted to sequentially estimate the fault rupture length, direction, and pattern (unilateral or bilateral). It does not require any a priori constraint on the fault plane, and can avoid drift and clipping problems in seismic data based inversion methods. Through retrospective analysis of six recent large earthquakes, the line‐source rupture characteristics can be determined within 30 s. Comparison with the United States Geological Survey released products demonstrates that the line‐source parameters can be estimated with considerable accuracy. We also analyze the contribution of the earthquake rupture characteristics to the prediction of ground shaking intensity. It is shown that the method has the potential to improve ground shaking predictions with applications in disaster assessment and emergency response.
H2O2and CH3OOH (MHP) in the Remote Atmosphere: 2. Physical and Chemical Controls
Authors: Allen Hannah M. , Bates Kelvin H. , Crounse John D. , Kim Michelle J. , Teng Alexander P. , Ray Eric A. , Wennberg Paul O. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP, CH3OOH) serve as HOx(OH and HO2radicals) reservoirs and therefore as useful tracers of HOxchemistry. Both hydroperoxides were measured during the 2016–2018 Atmospheric Tomography Mission as part of a global survey of the remote troposphere over the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins conducted using the NASA DC‐8 aircraft. To assess the relative contributions of chemical and physical processes to the global hydroperoxide budget and their impact on atmospheric oxidation potential, we compare the observations with two models, a diurnal steady‐state photochemical box model and the global chemical transport model Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem. We find that the models systematically under‐predict H2O2by 5%–20% and over‐predict MHP by 40%–50% relative to measurements. In the marine boundary layer, over‐predictions of H2O2in a photochemical box model are used to estimate H2O2boundary‐layer mean deposition velocities of 1.0–1.32 cm s−1, depending on season; this process contributes to up to 5%–10% of HOxloss in this region. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, MHP is under‐predicted and H2O2is over‐predicted by a factor of 2–3 on average. The differences between the observations and predictions are associated with recent convection: MHP is under‐estimated and H2O2is over‐estimated in air parcels that have experienced recent convective influence.
Chemically Induced Evolution of Morphological and Connectivity Characteristics of Pore Space of Complex Carbonate Rock via Digital Core Analysis
Authors: Qajar Jafar , Arns Christoph H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the impact of reactive flow on a complex carbonate rock whose pore space was resolved by X‐ray μ‐CT. A small core plug was imaged in the original and chemically altered states. The morphology of the resolved pore space was quantified using various approaches, such as sample‐spanning cluster analysis, capillary drainage transform (CDT), and Minkowski functionals. In particular, we carefully evaluated the changes in macropore connectivity by calculating the fraction of percolated cluster, the Euler characteristic of macroporous phase, and the critical pore diameter in pre‐ and post‐alteration states. We observed that the reactive flow mainly affected larger pores in the macropore region of the sample. More importantly, a huge increase in macropore connectivity, as indicated majorly by the CDT measurements and the Euler characteristic, was observed such that the poorly connected original macropore phase was converted to well‐connected ones after the reactive flow. In addition, the increases in the macropore surface area and integral mean curvature indicated that the oomoldic and interooidal pores of the rock were dominantly enlarged by the reactive fluid. Based on direct numerical simulations on the main flow paths (i.e., the macro‐connected pore phase), strong correlations were found between changes in transport properties and the evolution of connectivity and length scales of the macropore phase, such that simple power‐law models could be used to predict with acceptable accuracy. This suggests that the evolution of transport properties of the rock was mainly controlled by the changes in the macro‐connected porosity and the critical pore diameter.
Exposures to FD&C synthetic color additives from over-the-counter medications and vitamins in United States children and pregnant women
Authors: Thilakaratne Ruwan , Castorina Rosemary , Gillan Mayela , Han Dorothy , Pattabhiraman Teja , Nirula Anuroop , Miller Mark D. , Marty Melanie , Lehmkuhler Arlie , Mitchell Alyson , Bradman Asa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) synthetic color additives (SCAs) have been associated with attentional and behavioral problems in children. Efforts to quantify exposure have focused on foods, while the contribution of medications and supplements remains unknown.

Objective
To estimate exposures to SCAs in children (2–16 years) and pregnant women from intake of common over-the-counter (OTC) medications and vitamins.

Methods
We estimated single-day exposure (mg/kg/day) to FD&C SCAs based on measurements of 25 different products and recommended dosages on product labels. Exposures were compared to SCA exposure estimates from food we previously developed and acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) established by FDA and the World Health Organization.

Results
The highest exposure was found for FD&C Red No. 40 in a children’s cold/cough/allergy syrup. A child aged 12–16 years consuming the maximum daily dosage would have an exposure of 0.221 mg/kg/day, which is twice this age group’s typical exposure to this additive from food. No estimated exposures exceeded the ADIs.

Significance
Some children’s OTC medications and vitamins may cause daily SCA exposures comparable to those from foods. OTC medications and vitamins should be considered in efforts to quantify population exposure to FD&C SCAs.

Impact
Exposure to synthetic color additives (SCAs) from foods has been associated with behavioral problems in children. Exposures from over-the-counter (OTC) medications and vitamins remain unquantified despite widespread use. We estimated exposures in children and pregnant women for 25 different OTC medication and vitamin products sold in the United States. While exposures were below acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) established by the US Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization, some were comparable to typical daily exposures from foods. This work critically informs future SCA exposure assessments and provides valuable information for parents concerned about the health effects of SCAs.