bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient reported outcome measure‐haemorrhoidal impact and satisfaction score (PROM‐HISS): Development, reliability and construct validity
Authors: Kuiper Sara Z. , Kimman Merel L. , Van Tol Robin R. , Waardenburg Sophie F. , Van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Dirksen Carmen D. , Breukink Stéphanie O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimHaemorrhoidal disease (HD) is a frequently occurring disorder with a significant negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Here, we describe the development and validation of the Dutch patient reported outcome measure‐haemorrhoidal impact and satisfaction score (PROM‐HISS).MethodsThe development of the PROM‐HISS followed recommended guidelines. Face and content validity, structural properties, reliability and construct validity were evaluated in a HD population. Reliability was tested by assessing the test‐retest reliability, defined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and internal consistency measured with Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hypotheses testing.ResultsThe PROM‐HISS consists of three domains: (1) HD symptoms (blood loss; pain; prolapse; soiling; itching), (2) impact of symptoms on daily activities, and (3) satisfaction with treatment. The PROM‐HISS showed good face and content validity. The PROM‐HISS was completed by 102 patients (65% male), with a mean age of 58 years (23–81 years). The ICCs of the different items in the domain HD symptoms ranged between 0.56 and 0.79 and were interpreted as good. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.80 and considered satisfactory. The CFA provided further evidence for construct validity with a good model fit. A high score on the symptoms of HD correlated with a high impact of HD on daily activities (Pearson's r = 0.632, p < 0.01) and a low degree of satisfaction (Pearson's r = 0.378, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe PROM‐HISS is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate symptoms of HD, impact on daily activities and satisfaction with treatment.
X‐ray video defaecography is superior to magnetic resonance defaecography in the imaging of defaecation disorders
Authors: Pääkkö Eija , Mäkelä‐Kaikkonen Johanna , Laukkanen Hannele , Ohtonen Pasi , Laitakari Kirsi , Rautio Tero , Oikarinen Heljä 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to study the technical success and diagnostic capability of magnetic resonance defaecography (MRD) compared with video defaecography (VD).MethodSixty four women with defaecation disorders underwent both MRD and x‐ray VD over 1 year. The assessment by two radiologists in consensus was retrospective and blinded. The technical success of straining and evacuation was evaluated subjectively. The presence of enterocele, intussusception, rectocele and dyssynergic defaecation was analysed according to established criteria, with VD as the standard of reference.ResultsIt was found that 62/64 (96.9%) VD studies were technically fully diagnostic compared with 29/64 (45.3%) for MRD. The number of partially diagnostic studies was 1/64 (1.6%) for VD versus 21/64 (32.8%) for MRD, with 1/64 (1.6%) (VD) and 14/64 (21.9%) (MRD) being nondiagnostic. Thirty enteroceles were observed by VD compared with seven in MRD with moderate agreement (κ = 0.41). Altogether 53 intussusceptions were observed by VD compared with 27 by MRD with poor agreement (κ = −0.10 and κ = 0.02 in recto‐rectal and recto‐anal intussusception, respectively). Moderate agreement (κ = 0.47) was observed in diagnosing rectocele, with 47 cases by VD and 29 by MRD. Dyssynergic defaecation was observed in three patients by VD and in 11 patients by MRD, with slight agreement (κ = 0.14).ConclusionThe technical success and diagnostic capabilities of VD are better than those of MRD. VD remains the method of choice in the imaging of defaecation disorders.
Risk assessment for marine ecosystem‐based management (EBM)
Authors: Clark Dana E. , Gladstone‐Gallagher Rebecca V. , Hewitt Judi E. , Stephenson Fabrice , Ellis Joanne I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEcosystem‐based management (EBM) is a holistic way to manage the marine environment, involving partnerships between people and the recognition of ecological complexity. As we progress towards EBM, risk assessments must move beyond an evaluation of the direct impacts of a single stressor on a species or habitat. Here, we propose 12 risk assessment criteria that explicitly reflect the principles of EBM. These criteria include the need to assess risk to multiple ecosystem components and values, evaluate place and time‐specific ecological complexity, evaluate recovery, accommodate different knowledge types and communicate uncertainty. Contemporary risk assessment approaches rarely meet all 12 criteria and whilst many approaches could be adapted to do so, some are more easily modified than others. Risk assessment approaches that meet our criteria have the greatest potential to support decision‐making in an EBM context and thereby safeguard our marine environments and their values for future generations.
Predicted expression of genes involved in the thiopurine metabolic pathway and azathioprine discontinuation due to myelotoxicity
Authors: Daniel Laura L. , Dickson Alyson L. , Zanussi Jacy T. , Miller‐Fleming Tyne W. , Straub Peter S. , Wei Wei‐Qi , Plummer W. Dale , Dupont William D. , Liu Ge , Anandi Prathima , Reese Tyler S. , Birdwell Kelly A. , Kawai Vivian K. , Hung Adriana M. , Cox Nancy J. , Feng QiPing , Stein C. Michael , Chung Cecilia P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTPMT and NUDT15 variants explain less than 25% of azathioprine‐associated myelotoxicity. There are 25 additional genes in the thiopurine pathway that could also contribute to azathioprine myelotoxicity. We hypothesized that among TPMT and NUDT15 normal metabolizers, a score combining the genetically predicted expression of other proteins in the thiopurine pathway would be associated with a higher risk for azathioprine discontinuation due to myelotoxicity. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of new users of azathioprine who were normal TPMT and NUDT15 metabolizers. In 1201 White patients receiving azathioprine for an inflammatory disease, we used relaxed Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to select genes that built a score for discontinuing azathioprine due to myelotoxicity. The score incorporated the predicted expression of AOX1 and NME1. Patients in the highest score tertile had a higher risk of discontinuing azathioprine compared to those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–4.19, p = 0.024). Results remained significant after adjusting for a propensity score, including sex, tertile of calendar year at initial dose, initial dose, age at baseline, indication, prior TPMT testing, and the first 10 principal components of the genetic data (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.08–4.13, p = 0.030). We validated the results in a cohort (N = 517 non‐White patients and those receiving azathioprine to prevent transplant rejection) that included all other patients receiving azathioprine (HR = 2.00, (95% CI = 1.09–3.65, p = 0.024). In conclusion, among patients who were TPMT and NUDT15 normal metabolizers, a score combining the predicted expression of AOX1 and NME1 was associated with an increased risk for discontinuing azathioprine due to myelotoxicity.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the rectum with a novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion diagnosed on cytology: Not just another submucosal gastrointestinal stromal tumour!
Authors: Logaswari M , Lim Kiat Hon Tony , Tan Damien , Ong Chin‐Ann Johnny , Sittampalam Kesavan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMT) are spindle cell neoplasms most commonly seen in the lungs, with a wide variety of less common extrapulmonary sites including the mesentery, omentum, and intrabdominal sites. On cytological evaluation, these tumours can be difficult to diagnose, given the morphological mimics of other submucosal spindle cell neoplasms, which may be compounded by the relatively small amount of tissue and the uncommon nature of the diagnosis. Immunohistochemical staining and molecular studies for the ALK gene can prove useful for diagnosing this tumour. We present the cytological features of an IMT occurring in the rectum, the differential diagnoses, useful immunohistochemical staining patterns, and the additional finding of a novel ALK‐fusion in this entity.
Evaluating Population Invariance of Test Equating During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Dongmei , Kapoor Shalini 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPopulation invariance is a desirable property of test equating which might not hold when significant changes occur in the test population, such as those brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This research aims to investigate whether equating functions are reasonably invariant when the test population is impacted by the pandemic. Based on pseudo‐test forms constructed from an operational form administered in the springs of 2019, 2020, and 2021, this study conducted preequating and postequating using different data collection designs and different sample sizes based on each year's data. Raw‐to‐scale score conversion tables from each equating and the group means after applying these conversions were compared with those from a criterion equating, that is, single group design postequating based on the 2019 data. Within each design and sample size condition, the magnitude of the differences between the 2021 equating and the criterion equating was mostly similar to the magnitude of differences between the 2020 equating and the criterion, indicating a reasonable extent of invariance in equating results. Nevertheless, some equating designs showed slightly less invariance than others.
Measuring Digital Literacy during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Experiences with Remote Assessment in Hong Kong
Authors: Pan Qianqian , Reichert Frank , de la Torre Jimmy , Law Nancy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHong Kong was one of the first places hit with the COVID‐19 outbreak in January 2020 and has since responded with several periods of full or partial school suspension, during which teaching and learning often occurred remotely using digital means. During this time, collecting research data and testing students have become more difficult than before. In this article, we report on a large‐scale digital literacy (DL) performance assessment in Hong Kong that had to be conducted in a mix of modes—onsite, online supported, and online self‐directed—during the pandemic. We discuss the administrative and methodological challenges of assessing DL, and explore preliminary data on the associations between student performance and the assessment mode adopted. We further discuss potential implications, including for high‐stakes testing, and make recommendations for assessing DL remotely.
Unintended effects of regional planning in Germany
Authors: Eichhorn Sebastian , Pehlke David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRegional planning plays a central role in Germany's multi‐level system for managing regional and local land use, giving concrete shape to state planning specifications and providing municipalities with binding guidelines for urban land use planning. While planning proponents affirm the positive effects of regional planning such as reduced land consumption and less urban sprawl, representatives of neoclassical urban economic theory see regulation as the reason for lower economic growth. With the help of fixed effects panel models, we examine the impact of regional planning regulations on the housing market, migration and prices in Germany's growing labor market regions. We conclude that regional planning regulations reduce construction activity. However, this effect is relatively small and does not raise building land prices and rents. Nevertheless, results indicate that the lower level of construction activity—due to strict regional planning regulations—contributes to weaker overall population growth. Based on our results, we cannot confirm important predictions of neoclassical urban theory regarding the effects of regional planning regulations on labor migration patterns and downstream processes for Germany.
Present status and future directions: Canal shaping
Authors: Arias Ana , Peters Ove A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis narrative review will focus on the evolution, present and future of engine‐driven root canal preparation. Root canal preparation changed drastically when Walia in 1988 introduced the use of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloys in Endodontics. In 2013, five generations of NiTi endodontic instruments had been established based on their metallurgical, mechanical properties and design features. Since then, manufacturers have been introducing further major changes in instrument design and characteristics that have not been translated in new recognized generations of instruments. In general, those changes have demonstrated enhanced instrument properties, but it is not clear yet if all those improvements are directly translated to an improvement in clinical success. This narrative review attempts to address the present status of engine‐driven instruments in terms of both evidence from laboratory‐based studies and clinical data, to identify potential further generations of instruments, and last to anticipate future directions for research and development.
Using tissue specific P450 expression in Drosophila melanogaster larvae to understand the spatial distribution of pesticide metabolism in feeding assays
Authors: Luong Hang Ngoc Bao , Kalogeridi Maria , Vontas John , Denecke Shane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450s have often been implicated in influencing levels of pesticide toxicology and resistance. Consequently, a variety of different P450 genes and variants have been linked to pesticide metabolism. Substantially less is known in regards to which tissues these P450s contribute to pesticide metabolism. Here, we isolate the effect of different tissues in pesticide toxicology by driving the model P450 Cyp6g1 in specific tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Fluorescent and luminescent assays were used to compare the strength of GAL4 lines specific to the midgut (Mex‐GAL4), Malpighian tubules (UO‐GAL4) and the fat body (LSP2‐GAL4) with the widely used HR‐GAL4 line which drives GAL4 expression in all three tissues simultaneously. These data suggested that GAL4 drivers specific for the midgut and fat body were of approximately equal strength to the HR‐GAL4 line, while the Malpighian tubule specific line was significantly weaker. Multiple toxicology assays using the pesticides bendiocarb, imidacloprid and malathion were then performed to assess which tissues provide the most chemoprotection. In the long‐term feeding assay, transgenic expression of Cyp6g1 specifically in the midgut accounted for the majority of the resistance caused by Cyp6g1 overexpression with the HR‐GAL4 driver. Real‐time toxicology assays on third instar larvae were also performed and showed variable contributions of tissues to acute toxicology response depending on which pesticide was used. These data suggest a strong influence of bioassay parameters such as life stage and dosing method on outcome but suggest a prominent role for the midgut in larval toxicology.
Expected mean return—standard deviation efficient frontier approximation with low‐cardinality portfolios in the presence of the risk‐free asset
Authors: Juszczuk Przemysław , Kaliszewski Ignacy , Miroforidis Janusz , Podkopaev Dmitry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the expected mean return, standard deviation portfolio selection problem, the first step is usually to derive the set of efficient portfolios, which in the space of objective function values is represented by the efficient frontier. With modern methods and software, it is an easy task even for thousands of assets provided that the problem is continuous. However, investors often introduce the requirement to limit the number of assets in portfolios (portfolio cardinality). The resulting mixed‐integer quadratic formulations are computationally much more complex. In this work, we assume that besides risky assets, the risk‐free asset is available to the investor, and short selling is not allowed. Since in this case the efficient frontier cannot be directly derived by a quadratic solver, we propose a naive but intuitive heuristic to approximate the efficient frontier in the presence of the risk‐free asset. In contrast to the general‐purpose evolutionary heuristics, we exploit the underlying mechanism of portfolio composition. We show by numerical experiments that in large‐scale instances it works well, even compared to a state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm. Moreover, the heuristic produces portfolios of remarkably limited cardinalities.
Biodegradation of polystyrene by three bacterial strains isolated from the gut of Superworms (Zophobas atratus larvae)
Authors: Arunrattiyakorn Panarat , Ponprateep Sirikwan , Kaennonsang Nirawan , Charapok Yoktip , Punphuet Yotwadee , Krajangsang Sukhumaporn , Tangteerawatana Piyatida , Limtrakul Anirut 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
To isolate polystyrene-degrading bacteria from the gut of superworms and investigate their ability to degrade polystyrene (PS).

Methods and Results
Three PS-degrading bacteria identified as Pseudomonas sp. EDB1, Bacillus sp. EDA4 and Brevibacterium sp. EDX were successfully isolated from the gut of superworms (Zophobas atratus Larvae) that ingest PS. Incubating PS with each strain for 30-day led to the formation of biofilm on the PS film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed considerable damage (in terms of pits formation) on the surface of the PS films. FTIR analysis suggested the incorporation of carbonyl group into the carbon backbone of PS. Decreasing of WCA of microbial-treated PS film confirmed a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity on the PS surface. Based on these results, we conclude that all isolates had the ability to degrade PS.

Conclusions
Brevibacterium sp. EDX (GenBank MZ32399) was isolated as the most efficient PS-degrading strain based on the most changing in both PS surface morphology (SEM and WCA analyses) and chemical modification (FTIR analysis) in its PS degradation process.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This was the first study to describe the PS degradation by Brevibacterium sp. EDX, and thus provided for its development in the plastic remediation process.
Dynamic structural equation modelling evaluating the progressively lowered stress threshold as an explanation for behavioural symptoms of dementia
Authors: Pickering Carolyn E. Z. , Yefimova Maria , Wang Danny , Maxwell Christopher D. , Jablonski Rita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the progressively lowered stress threshold (PLST) conceptual model as an explanation for behavioural symptoms of dementia and test several of its hypothesized propositions. The PLST model suggests that due to impairments in coping, persons living with dementia have a reduced threshold for stress and respond with more behavioural symptoms of dementia as stress accumulates throughout the day.DesignIntensive longitudinal design.MethodsA sample of N = 165 family caregivers completed brief daily diary surveys for 21 days between the dates of 7/2019 and 8/2020, reporting on a total of 2841 days. Dynamic structural equation modelling was used as the analytic technique to examine the impact of caregiver and care recipient environmental stressors on the diversity of behavioural symptoms of dementia to account for the nested data structure and autoregressive relationships.FindingsResults show direct relationships between environmental stressors and diversity of behavioural symptoms of dementia that same day and the following day.ConclusionFindings provide support for the PLST model propositions. Further, findings suggest an extension to the conceptual model is warranted given evidence of an exposure/recovery trajectory and the lagged effects of stress exposure on behavioural symptoms of dementia presentation.ImpactThis study tested whether a commonly used nursing model does in fact explain the occurrence of behavioural symptoms of dementia. The main findings support using the model as an intervention framework and suggest the model should be adapted to consider recovery trajectories. Since behavioural symptoms of dementia represent complex and dynamic temporal phenomena, traditional longitudinal assessments and analyses are an insufficient measurement modality for testing models. Findings inform the design of environmental‐modification type interventions for behavioural symptoms of dementia management and the methods to evaluate such interventions.
Surveillance Capitalism or Information Republic?
Authors: Williams Alexander , Raekstad Paul 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen growing concerns about corporate surveillance. Critics of surveillance capitalism often use the language of domination and unfreedom to describe these new socio‐technological conditions. Yet there has been little sustained normative analysis that has diagnosed the new forms of domination introduced by surveillance capitalism or considered the remedies needed to remove them. That is what this article provides. We draw on the latest republican literature to argue that surveillance capitalism introduces new forms of domination that compel ordinary citizens to subject themselves to surveillance and allow corporations uncontrolled power to determine the terms of surveillance, while also subjecting corporations to new incentives of extraction. Traditional republican remedies for domination were not designed to address these new challenges. We therefore outline a vision of an Information Republic that can do so.
An unprecedented cause of cardiac resynchronization with defibrillator (CRT‐D) malfunction “A beheaded generator assembly”
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Ding Kimberly , Doyle Kieran , Pai Ramdas G. , Lo Ronald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiac resynchronization with defibrillator (CRT‐D) malfunction can be due to various reasons, including wire injury, insulation break, battery problems, or patient factors. Undesired outcomes can be dramatically elevated in those settings, prompting early detection and proper troubleshooting. To diagnose, clinical correlation and device interrogation are vital. However, it is not uncommon to find general troubleshooting options insufficient, as highlighted in this case report. Here, we presented an unusual “head assembly separation,” as the main reason for abnormal device parameters.