bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of water stable isotopes for a better understanding of hydrogeological processes in Haiti: overview of existing δ18O and δ2H data
Authors: Gourcy L. , Adamson J. K. , Miner W. J. , Vitvar T. , Belizaire D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIsotope hydrological studies carried out since 1987 in Haiti have proven to be effective in improving conceptual models of the principal aquifers in this Caribbean island nation. However, many of these studies have been limited and are mostly unpublished. It is, therefore, important to share the available datasets with scientists and water managers to support further studies and guide decision-making. Eleven datasets were compiled in a unique database for continued advancement and application. This dataset now contains 248 δ18O and δ2H results from water samples collected at 190 locations throughout the country. δ18O and δ2H values range, respectively, from –3.8 to –8.95‰ and –67.4 to –16.8‰ for precipitation (n = 5), 0.9 to 2.76‰ and 8.8 to 18.4‰ for lakes (n = 4), –2.61 to 4.98‰ and –26.63 to 28.2‰ for rivers (n = 11), –5.11 to –2.6‰ and –29.8 to –6.9‰ for springs (n = 82) excluding hot springs, and –5.1 to –1.37‰ and –29.4 to –2.9‰ for boreholes (n = 142). The overall presentation of the available data is complemented with an overview of the studies in which stable isotope data acquisition was performed. The global dataset is presented under three primary contexts: (1) elaboration of a local isotope meteoric water line of equation δ2H = 7.2δ18O + 8.8 supported with data predominately from the Ouest jurisdictional department, (2) spatial variability analysis of the dataset, and (3) definition of the altitude gradient (per 100 m) using freshwater springs of the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac/Massif de la Selle area of –6.67‰ for δ2H and –0.09‰ for δ18O.
A longitudinal study of the arterio-venous fistula maturation of a single patient over 15 weeks
Authors: Colley Eamonn , Carroll John , Anne Simmons , Shannon Thomas , Ramon Varcoe , Tracie Barber 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArterio-venous fistula creation is the preferred vascular access for haemodialysis, but has a large failure rate in the maturation period. Previous research, considering the remodelling mechanisms for failure-to-mature patients, has been limited by obtaining the patient-specific boundary conditions at only a few points in the patient history. Here, a non-invasive imaging system was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional vasculature, and computational fluid dynamics was used to analyse the haemodynamics for one patient over 15 weeks. The analysis suggested evidence of a control mechanism, which adjusts the lumen diameter to keep the wall shear stress near constant in the proximal regions of the vein and artery. Additionally, the vein and artery were shown to remodel at different growth rates, and the blood flow rate also saw the largest increase within the first week. Wall shear stress at time of creation may be a useful indicator for successful AVF maturation.
Attention-based residual autoencoder for video anomaly detection
Authors: Le Viet-Tuan , Kim Yong-Guk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutomatic anomaly detection is a crucial task in video surveillance system intensively used for public safety and others. The present system adopts a spatial branch and a temporal branch in a unified network that exploits both spatial and temporal information effectively. The network has a residual autoencoder architecture, consisting of a deep convolutional neural network-based encoder and a multi-stage channel attention-based decoder, trained in an unsupervised manner. The temporal shift method is used for exploiting the temporal feature, whereas the contextual dependency is extracted by channel attention modules. System performance is evaluated using three standard benchmark datasets. Result suggests that our network outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving 97.4% for UCSD Ped2, 86.7% for CUHK Avenue, and 73.6% for ShanghaiTech dataset in term of Area Under Curve, respectively.
Cryptic extinction risk in a western Pacific lizard radiation
Authors: McDonald Peter J. , Brown Rafe M. , Kraus Fred , Bowles Philip , Arifin Umilaela , Eliades Samuel J. , Fisher Robert N. , Gaulke Maren , Grismer L. Lee , Ineich Ivan , Karin Benjamin R. , Meneses Camila G. , Richards Stephen J. , Sanguila Marites B. , Siler Cameron D. , Oliver Paul M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCryptic ecologies, the Wallacean Shortfall of undocumented species’ geographical ranges and the Linnaean Shortfall of undescribed diversity, are all major barriers to conservation assessment. When these factors overlap with drivers of extinction risk, such as insular distributions, the number of threatened species in a region or clade may be underestimated, a situation we term ‘cryptic extinction risk’. The genusLepidodactylusis a diverse radiation of insular and arboreal geckos that occurs across the western Pacific. Previous work onLepidodactylusshowed evidence of evolutionary displacement around continental fringes, suggesting an inherent vulnerability to extinction from factors such as competition and predation. We sought to (1) comprehensively review status and threats, (2) estimate the number of undescribed species, and (3) estimate extinction risk in data deficient and candidate species, inLepidodactylus. From our updated IUCN Red List assessment, 60% of the 58 recognized species are threatened (n = 15) or Data Deficient (n = 21), which is higher than reported for most other lizard groups. Species from the smaller and isolated Pacific islands are of greatest conservation concern, with most either threatened or Data Deficient, and all particularly vulnerable to invasive species. We estimated 32 undescribed candidate species and linear modelling predicted that an additional 18 species, among these and the data deficient species, are threatened with extinction. Focusing efforts to resolve the taxonomy and conservation status of key taxa, especially on small islands in the Pacific, is a high priority for conserving this remarkably diverse, yet poorly understood, lizard fauna. Our data highlight how cryptic ecologies and cryptic diversity combine and lead to significant underestimation of extinction risk.
A method of constructing 2-resolvable t-designs for $$t=3,4$$
Authors: van Trung Tran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper introduces a method for constructing 2-resolvable t-designs for $$t=3,4$$

t
=
3
,
4

. The main idea is based on the assumption that there exists a partition of a t-design into Steiner 2-designs. A remarkable property of the method is that it enables the construction of 2-resolvable t-designs with a large variety of block sizes. For $$t=4$$

t
=
4

, it is required that the Steiner 2-designs of the partition are projective planes and this case would also lead to a construction of 3-resolvable 5-designs. For instance, we show the existence of an infinite series of 3-resolvable 5-designs having $$N=5$$

N
=
5

resolution classes with parameters 5-$$(14+8m,7, 10(9+8m)(1+m))$$

(
14
+
8
m
,
7
,
10
(
9
+
8
m
)
(
1
+
m
)
)

for any $$m \ge 0$$

m
≥
0

as a byproduct. Moreover, it turns out that the method is very effective, as it yields infinitely many 2-resolvable 3-designs. However, the question of simplicity of the constructed designs has not been yet investigated.
Cohort Succession in the Timing of Marriage Among the Children of Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants
Authors: Wachter Gusta G. , de Valk Helga A. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce cohort succession in the study of marriage behaviour among the children of immigrants. Research among majority populations in developed countries has shown an overall increase in age at first marriage. Yet whether a similar change is occurring across successive cohorts of children of immigrants is unknown but relevant given the growing shares of children of immigrants in developed countries. Using full population register data from the Netherlands, we test the theoretical assumptions of cohort succession with event history models for the timing of first marriage across entire Turkish and Moroccan second-generation birth cohorts. In line with the expectations based on diffusion theories, we find clear evidence that younger birth cohorts postpone marriage. Moreover, the marriage timing of especially the Turkish second generation and Dutch majority population converges across birth cohorts. Our findings call for a more differentiated study of the children of immigrants acknowledging diffusion of new demographic behaviour among these groups.
Building a framework of a supportive pedagogical culture for teaching and pedagogical development in higher education
Authors: Myllykoski-Laine Siru , Postareff Liisa , Murtonen Mari , Vilppu Henna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe teaching and pedagogical development of academic communities is influenced by different contextual elements, which may not be apparent in everyday community practices, but may become evident through deeper reflection of the context. This study approaches these elements from the perspective of a supportive pedagogical culture for teaching and pedagogical development. The data consist of Finnish university teachers’ descriptions of teaching and its development in their work communities through thematic interviews (N = 51). Through inductive qualitative content analysis, meaningful elements of the communities’ pedagogical culture were identified, which represent (a) values and attitudes, (b) norms and principles, and (c) practices and structures in the community. The study proposes a framework of supportive elements of pedagogical culture that should be acknowledged when promoting the development of teaching in university communities. Based on the findings, it is especially important to establisha culture of sharingand to promote the value of teaching through various cultural elements.
Image Based Measurement of Individual Fiber Lengths for Randomly Oriented Short Fiber Composites
Authors: Wang Siqi , Yatagawa Tatsuya , Suzuki Hiromasa , Ohtake Yutaka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmong a wide range of fiber-reinforced composites, those with randomly oriented short fibers, which are also known as random-chopped fiber-reinforced composites (RaFCs), are the most common composites owing to its ease of manufacturing, flexibility of composite shapes, and good material properties, including light weight and high stiffness. These properties of RaFCs are involved with the lengths and distributions of fibers inside the composites. However, inspecting the fiber lengths and distribution remains a challenging problem, particularly when the lengths and locations of individual fibers need to be distinguished using only X-ray transmission images. The main difficulty arises from the variety of fiber widths and their frequent intersections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a comprehensive software system to localize fibers and measure their lengths. Our system is inspired by a previous work for tracing human hair strands. To adopt the previous method for RaFCs, our system extends classic Gabor filter to explore the locally best parameter sets to suit different fiber shapes. With this adaptive filter, we can extract the locations and orientations of local fibers more robustly for RaFCs. Then individual fibers are traced by solving an initial value problem of an ordinary differential equation. To avoid erroneous tracing which typically occurs at intersections, our method traces only the non-intersecting parts of the fibers initially. After that, we connect the fiber segments using the proximity of their endpoints and the orientations. Through experimental validations on different fiber samples, we demonstrate the stability of the fiber tracing and the robustness of the fiber length calculation. Our system works properly even for X-ray radiographic images of heavily tangled fibers in carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates taken by X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer.
HPC acceleration of large (min, +) matrix products to compute domination-type parameters in graphs
Authors: Garzón Ester M. , Martínez José Antonio , Moreno Juan José , Puertas María Luz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe computation of the domination-type parameters is a challenging problem in Cartesian product graphs. We present an algorithmic method to compute the 2-domination number of the Cartesian product of a path with small order and any cycle, involving the $$(\min ,+)$$

(
min
,
+
)

matrix product. We establish some theoretical results that provide the algorithms necessary to compute that parameter, and the main challenge to run such algorithms comes from the large size of the matrices used, which makes it necessary to improve the techniques to handle these objects. We analyze the performance of the algorithms on modern multicore CPUs and on GPUs and we show the advantages over the sequential implementation. The use of these platforms allows us to compute the 2-domination number of cylinders such that their paths have at most 12 vertices.
Fertility Dynamics and Life History Tactics Vary by Socioeconomic Position in a Transitioning Cohort of Postreproductive Chilean Women
Authors: Varas Enríquez Pablo José , McKerracher Luseadra , Montalva Rivera Nicolás 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobally, mortality and fertility rates generally fall as resource abundance increases. This pattern represents an evolutionary paradox insofar as resource-rich ecological contexts can support higher numbers of offspring, a component of biological fitness. This paradox has not been resolved, in part because the relationships between fertility, life history strategies, reproductive behavior, and socioeconomic conditions are complex and cultural-historically contingent. We aim to understand how we might make sense of this paradox in the specific context of late-twentieth-century, mid–demographic transition Chile. We use distribution-specific generalized linear models to analyze associations between fertility-related life-history traits—number of offspring, ages at first and last reproduction, average interbirth interval, and average number of live births per reproductive span year—and socioeconomic position (SEP) using data from a cohort of 6,802 Chilean women born between 1961 and 1970. We show that Chilean women of higher SEP have shorter average interbirth intervals, more births per reproductive span year, later age at first reproduction, earlier ages at last reproduction, and, ultimately, fewer children than women of lower SEP. Chilean women of higher SEP consolidate childbearing over a relatively short time span in the middle of their reproductive careers, whereas women of lower SEP tend to reproduce over the entirety of their reproductive lifespans. These patterns may indicate that different SEP groups follow different pathways toward declining fertility during the demographic transition, reflecting different life-history trade-offs in the process.
Trust and Psychedelic Moral Enhancement
Authors: Gordon Emma C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoral enhancement proposals struggle to be both plausible and ethically defensible while nevertheless interestingly distinct from both cognitive enhancement as well as (mere) moral education. Brian Earp (Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement83:415–439, 12) suggests that a promising middle ground lies in focusing on the (suitably qualified) use of psychedelics asadjunctsto moral development. But what would such an adjunctive use of psychedelics look like in practice? In this paper, I draw on literature from three areas where techniques for moral development have been discussed: psychotherapy (e.g., Overholser 2010; Burns 1980) education (e.g., Uhl and Lütge, 2018), and AI-assisted enhancement (e.g., Lara and Deckers,Neuroethics13(3):275–287, 17) in order to propose more concrete ways in which to use psychedelics as adjuncts to moral development. It is shown that in each of these areas, we can see thattrustingrelationships (e.g., Baier 1986; Hawley 2019) between the facilitator and the agent will very plausibly maximize the success of this type of moral enhancement. Finally, I appeal to literature on informed consent for use of psychedelics (e.g., Smith and Sisti,Journal of Medical Ethics, 22; Johnson et al.,The Journal of Psychopharmacology22(6):603–20, 23) and on the therapeutic relationship in psychotherapy (e.g., Dryden and Reeves 2013; Horvath et al. 2011) to outline concrete suggestions for facilitating dimensions of trust most likely to maximize the benefits of (adjunctive) psychedelic moral enhancement. The result is a newly detailed practical proposal for how we might best facilitate moral enhancement by using drugs as adjuncts to moral development
Rotation Bounds for Hölder Continuous Homeomorphisms with Integrable Distortion
Authors: Clop A. , Hitruhin L. , Sengupta B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe obtain sharp rotation bounds for the subclass of homeomorphisms$$f:{\mathbb {C}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}$$f:C→Cof finite distortion which have distortion function in$$L^p_{loc}$$Llocp,$$p>1$$p>1, and for which a Hölder continuous inverse is available. The interest in this class is partially motivated by examples arising from fluid mechanics. Our rotation bounds hereby presented improve the existing ones, for which the Hölder continuity is not assumed. We also present examples proving sharpness.
Rapid Evaluation and Response to Impacts on Critical End-Use Loads Following Natural Hazard-Driven Power Outages: A Modular and Responsive Geospatial Technology
Authors: Royer Patrick D. , Du Wei , Schneider Kevin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe disparate nature of data for electric power utilities complicates the emergency recovery and response process. The reduced efficiency of response to natural hazards and disasters can extend the time that electrical service is not available for critical end-use loads, and in extreme events, leave the public without power for extended periods. This article presents a methodology for the development of a semantic data model for power systems and the integration of electrical grid topology, population, and electric distribution line reliability indices into a unified, cloud-based, serverless framework that supports power system operations in response to extreme events. An iterative and pragmatic approach to working with large and disparate datasets of different formats and types resulted in improved application runtime and efficiency, which is important to consider in real time decision-making processes during hurricanes and similar catastrophic events. This technology was developed initially for Puerto Rico, following extreme hurricane and earthquake events in 2017 and 2020, but is applicable to utilities around the world. Given the highly abstract and modular design approach, this technology is equally applicable to any geographic region and similar natural hazard events. In addition to a review of the requirements, development, and deployment of this framework, technical aspects related to application performance and response time are highlighted.
Research on energy saving technology at mobile edge networks of IoTs based on big data analysis
Authors: Xie Chaochen , Hua Qiaozhi , Zhao Jianzhou , Guo Rujing , Yao Haiyan , Guo Lixia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 5G IoT is very complicated and there are many factors that affect the network performance. Presently, the optimization of network is still the focus of research. Although the existing literature has done a large number of researches in this aspect, there have always been problems, such as complex algorithms. Based on the previous research, we propose a big data mining analysis method, which improves the comprehensive performance of the network by analyzing the relationship of massive data variables so as to optimize the combination of the network. In this paper, according to each of terminal variables at any moment such as power consumption, bandwidth, noise power, subcarrier bandwidth, interference power and coding efficiency, etc. we develop the mathematical modeling of principal component multiple regression. Then we simulate this scheme by edge computing technology and combine it with intelligent algorithms. The research results show that this method can effectively predict the data concerned, and the residual is the smallest. Therefore, the research provides an important basic for application of the approach to the mobile edge network optimization of IoTs.
Cyberbullying detection using deep transfer learning
Authors: Roy Pradeep Kumar , Mali Fenish Umeshbhai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and others have numerous advantages, but they have many dark sides also. One of the issues on these social platforms is cyberbullying. The impact of cyberbullying is immeasurable on the life of victims as it’s very subjective to how the person would tackle this. The message may be a bully for victims, but it may be normal for others. The ambiguities in cyberbullying messages create a big challenge to find the bully content. Some research has been reported to address this issue with textual posts. However, image-based cyberbullying detection is received less attention. This research aims to develop a model that helps to prevent image-based cyberbullying issues on social platforms. The deep learning-based convolutional neural network is initially used for model development. Later, transfer learning models are utilized in this research. The experimental outcomes of various settings of the hyper-parameters confirmed that the transfer learning-based model is the better choice for this problem. The proposed model achieved a satisfactory accuracy of 89% for the best case, indicating that the system detects most cyberbullying posts.
Performance of cable-supported glass façades under time-depending wind action
Authors: Rizzo Fabio , Bedon Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCable supported glass façades are sensitive to wind action because of their flexibility. Conventional laboratory testing to check a façade reliability under the wind action is generally carried out by uniformly air pressure tests. However, the typical wind action on a surface is known to be not uniform because it varies due to building aerodynamics and wind flow turbulence, and this aspect should be properly considered for testing protocols. This paper discusses the structural response of cable-supported glass façades, through time history finite element (FE) analyses, under different wind action combinations that varies based on the building aerodynamics (plan shapes and roof curvatures), the wind direction (0° and 90°), and the glass panel position (up and down). Such a finding is further enforced by the presence of flexible supports for the constituent glass modules. The presented results show a strong dependence of the structural response on the wind action configuration, and thus suggest the need of new testing protocols for similar systems.
Interplanetary energetic electrons observed in Earth’s polar cusp/cap/lobes
Authors: Wang Linghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Earth’s polar cusp, cap and lobes are the important boundaries to transport the plasma and energy from the interplanetary medium to terrestrial magnetosphere. Interplanetary energetic electrons, mainly consisting of continuous solar wind superhalo electrons and transient solar energetic electron events both with typical power-law energy spectra, can provide a source of energetic electrons to the Earth’s magnetosphere. After briefly summarizing recent results of solar wind superhalo electrons and solar energetic electron events, this paper reviews the first evidences for the direct and continuous entry of energetic electrons from the interplanetary medium to the Earth’s polar cusp, cap and/or lobes, observed by one Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite. Such entering electrons can make a possible contribution to the generation of magnetospheric energetic electrons.