bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Balanced Torsional Phacoemulsification Tip for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sabur Huri , Eroglu Sayime Aydin , Azarsiz Salih Sertac 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of the Intrepid® Balanced torsional phacoemulsification tip to that of the 30° Ozil® and 45° Kelman® tips using Centurion Vision System.

Methods:
This study included 150 eyes that underwent torsional phacoemulsification surgery using 30° Ozil® tip (Group 1, 48 eyes), Intrepid® Balanced tip (Group 2, 52 eyes), or 45° Kelman® tip (Group 3, 50 eyes). Ultrasound time (UST), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), average phaco power, average torsional amplitude, balanced salt solution volume, aspiration and operation time, and preoperative, postoperative corrected distance visual acuity, central corneal thickness were recorded.

Results:
The mean UST, CDE, average phaco power, average torsional amplitude were 49.9 ± 15.7 s, 10.8 ± 4.5%-s, 23.9 ± 4.6%, and 51.4 ± 5.7% in the Ozil® group and 47.5 ± 10.6 s, 5.3 ± 2.2%-s, 12.5 ± 5.3%, and 28.9 ± 7.2% in the Intrepid® Balanced group, and 48.1 ± 12.7 s, 6.9 ± 3.3%-s, 18.9 ± 5.9%, and 39.2 ± 7.9% in the Kelman® group, respectively. The CDE, average phaco power, and average torsional amplitude of the Intrepid® Balanced group were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of UST and operation time (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Intrepid® Balanced tip, by means of its distinctive “double bent” design and balanced energy distribution, offers more effective phacoemulsification compared to conventional 30° Ozil® and 45° Kelman® tips.
Utilizing Data Mining Algorithms and Geospatial Analysis to Study Cataract Surgeries in Florida
Authors: Khan Mahmood , Kanakamedala Amritha , Al-Mohtaseb Zaina 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine statewide cataract surgery rates with cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation (CEIOL) in Florida from 2005 to 2014 among Caucasians, African–Americans, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific Islanders.

Methods:
This is a retrospective database study analyzing ambulatory surgical data in Florida from 2005 to 2014. Using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases (SASD), the authors utilized data mining algorithms to analyze and graphically represent disparities in the delivery of cataract surgery, changes in surgery volume, and demographic characteristics in patients 65 years and older in all Florida counties from 2005 to 2014.

Results:
Cataract surgeries performed in patients ≥65 years of age represented 1,892,132 (14.90%) of the 12,695,932 total ambulatory surgical procedures from 2005 to 2014 in the HCUP-SASD Florida database. More surgeries were performed in females versus males, P < 0.001. Caucasians, African–Americans, and Hispanics represented 82.23%, 4.95%, and 10.69% of the utilization rate of all CEIOLs, respectively. From 2005 to 2014, the average surgery volume increased by an average rate of change of 1.29%. Cataract surgery penetration in the general population observed a steady decrease from 18.82% in 2005 to 16.66% in 2014.

Conclusions:
Cataract surgery in Florida exhibited an unequal distribution with respect to gender and race, and select counties exhibited marked changes in surgical volume over the past 11 years. This study establishes a method for data mining and geospatial analysis to study surgical and epidemiological trends and identify disparities in delivery of healthcare.
Global Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Children
Authors: Yekta Abbasali , Hooshmand Elham , Saatchi Mohammad , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Asharlous Amir , Taheri Azadeh , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:To determine the global prevalence and common causes of visual impairment (VI) and blindness in children.Methods:In this meta-analysis, a structured search strategy was applied to search electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as the list of rEFERENCES in the selected articles to identify all population-based cross-sectional studies that concerned the prevalence of VI and blindness in populations under 20 years of age up to January 2018, regardless of the publication date and language, gender, region of residence, or race. VI was reported based on presenting visual acuity (PVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of equal to 20/60 or worse in the better eye. Blindness was reported as visual acuity worse than 20/400 in the better eye.Results:In the present study, 5711 articles were identified, and the final analyses were done on 80 articles including 769,720 people from twenty-eight different countries. The prevalence of VI based on UCVA was 7.26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.34%–10.19%), PVA was 3.82% (95% CI: 2.06%–5.57%), BCVA was 1.67% (95% CI 0.97%–2.37%), and blindness was 0.17% (95% CI: 0.13%–0.21%). Refractive errors were the most common cause of VI in the subjects of selected articles (77.20% [95% CI: 73.40%–81.00%]). The prevalence of amblyopia was 7.60% (95% CI: 05.60%–09.10%) and congenital cataract was 0.60% (95% CI: 0.3%–0.9%).Conclusion:Despite differences in the definition of VI and blindness, based on PVA, 3.82%, and based on BCVA, 1.67% of the examined samples suffer from VI.
Assessing Accuracy of Okulix Ray-Tracing Software in Calculating Intraocular Lens Power in the Long Cataractous Eyes
Authors: Jamali Alireza , Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Asharlous Amir , Doostdar Asgar , Bordbar Soodeh , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the accuracy of Okulix ray-tracing software in calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the long cataractous eyes and comparing the results with those obtained from Kane, Holladay 1 with optimized constant, SRK/T with optimized constant, Haigis with optimized constant, and Barret Universal 2 formulas.

Methods:
The present study evaluates the refractive results of cataract surgery in 85 eyes with axial length > 25 mm and no history of ocular surgery and corneal pathology. IOL power calculation was performed using the Okulix software. The performances of Okulix software in comparison with the five other formulas were evaluated by predicted error, mean absolute error, and mean numerical error 6 months after surgery.

Results:
The mean calculated IOL power by the Okulix software was +13.48 ± 4.19 diopter (D). The mean of the 6-month postoperative sphere and spherical equivalent were +0.18 ± 0.63 and -0.34 ± 0.78 D, respectively. Also, the 6-month spherical equivalent in 56.6% and 80% of eyes were within ±0.05 and ±1.00 D, respectively. The predicted error (P < 0.001) and the mean numerical error (P < 0.001) were different between the six studied methods; however, we were not able to find any significant differences in the mean absolute error among six studied methods (P: 0.211).

Conclusion:
The present study showed acceptable performance of the Okulix software in IOL power calculation in long eyes in comparison with the other five methods based on the postoperative refractive error, calculated mean absolute error, and mean numerical error.
Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Shojaei Saeideh , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Mehrabi Yadollah , Daftarian Narsis , Etemad Koorosh , Ahmadieh Hamid 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) among IRDs' patients in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 patients with different types of IRDs who were randomly selected from registered patients in the Iranian National Registry for Inherited Retinal Dystrophy (IRDReg®). All ophthalmic findings were collected based on the recorded data in IRDReg®. Moreover, the eligible participants were interviewed to fill out the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) to assess their VRQoL. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible association of the different clinical and nonclinical factors such as demographic information, socioeconomic status, and visual function with VRQoL.Results:The overall mean of a composite score of VRQoL was 45. All subscales obtained from the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire except general health, mental health, and ocular pain had a significant negative correlation with logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and near visual acuity variables. There was a statistically significant relationship between VRQoL and factors like age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.94), employment status (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05–4.74), logMAR BCVA (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19–0.49) and normal color vision (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.74–5.01).Conclusion:The VRQoL of patients with IRDs in this study was low. BCVA could be an indicator to show VRQoL.
Repeatability of Corneal Densitometry Measurements Using a Scheimpflug Camera in Healthy Normal Corneas
Authors: Pakbin Mojgan , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Pakravan Mohammad , Fotouhi Akbar , Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To determine the repeatability of corneal densitometry measured by the Scheimpflug imaging system.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on photorefractive keratectomy candidates. One eye of each participant underwent imaging using Pentacam HR three times, 10 min apart. The repeatability of densitometry measurements was evaluated in four concentric annuli around the corneal apex and in different corneal depths. The repeatability of the measurements was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), repeatability coefficient (RC), and coefficient of variation (CV). The difference of repeatability between layers and zones was tested by tolerance index (TI).

Results:
Sixty eyes of sixty patients with a mean age of 27.76 ± 3.93 years were studied. Half of the participants were female (n = 30, 50%). ICC was above 0.9 in all corneal parts. The posterior layer and central zones showed the least variability of densitometry measurements considering the CV values. The RC was 2.06, 1.17, and 0.92 in anterior, central, and posterior layers, respectively. The RC was 0.88, 0.71, 1.51, and 4.56 in 0–2, 2–6, 6–10, and 10–12 mm circles, respectively. Only the reliability of densitometry in 10–12 mm annulus was statistically lower than the central zone (TI = 0.71).

Conclusions:
Corneal densitometry measurements provided by the Pentacam had good repeatability. The repeatability of densitometry measurements decreased from the center to the periphery (with an exception for 0–2 mm and 2–6 mm) and from the posterior to the anterior of the cornea. The reliability of the 10–12 mm zone was markedly less than other zones.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Aflibercept in Type 1 Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity in Posterior Zone Ii
Authors: Milani Amir Eftekhari , Bagheri Masood , Niyousha Mohamad Reza , Rezaei Leila , Hazeri Somayyeh , Safarpoor Samad , Abdollahi Maryam 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection (IVI) of bevacizumab (IVB) versus aflibercept (IVA) in premature infants with type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the posterior Zone II.

Methods:
The study was a multicenter, historical cohort of premature newborns diagnosed with type 1 prethreshold ROP in the posterior Zone II, treated with IVB or IVA. Demographic features, complications, and treatment outcomes were then compared between the two groups.

Results:
Seventy-six patients received aflibercept (the IVA group), and 210 received bevacizumab (the IVB group). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of postmenstrual age (PMA) at the time of ROP diagnosis and other known risk factors for ROP development and progression. All eyes in both the groups responded to IVI; however, recurrence was observed in four eyes (1.9%) in the IVB group and 12 (15.8%) in the IVA group (P = 0.001). Recurrence occurred 9.1 ± 0.83 (5–12) and 15.5 ± 0.98 (12–18) weeks after primary treatment in the IVB and IVA groups, respectively (P = 0.000). In the IVA group, retinal vascularization was completed in 38.18 ± 6.5 weeks (21–48) after IVI, and it happened in 23.86 ± 9.3 weeks (13–60) in the IVB group (P = 0.009). Furthermore, vascularization reached the peripheral retina in 73.25 ± 6.5 (56–84) and 58.75 ± 8.8 (45–93) weeks, PMA in the IVA and IVB groups, respectively (P = 0.03). No acute postoperative complications were observed in the treated eyes in either group.

Conclusion:
This study shows that both IVA and IVB are effective and well tolerated for the management of type 1 prethreshold ROP in the posterior Zone II; however, IVA needs a significantly longer time for vascularization completion and has a higher recurrence rate compared with IVB.
Retrobulbar Short Posterior Ciliary Artery Hemodynamics in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Dogan Nese Cetin , Ozdemir Nusret , Aikimbaev Kairgeldy , Ciloglu Emine 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To investigate retrobulbar blood flow changes in the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:
In this prospective study, there were 22 eyes in the PEG group, 28 eyes in the POAG group, and 28 eyes with senile cataract in the control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (Vm), and resistivity index (RI) parameters of the temporal and nasal SPCAs were compared between the study groups.

Results:
Mean temporal PSV, EDV, and Vm value were significantly lower in both the POAG group and the PEG group (P = 0.049, P = 0.004, P = 0.020), respectively. Temporal SPCA RI values were not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.115).

Conclusion:
There are retrobulbar blood flow changes in glaucomatous compared to nonglaucomatous eyes. However, SPCAs blood flow characteristics are similar between PEG and POAG subtypes.
Clinical and Angiographic Characteristics of Coronary Artery Ectasia and Its Correlation with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Serum Uric Acid
Authors: Parvathareddy Krishna Mala Konda Reddy , Maale Saitej Reddy , Nagula Praveen , Ravi Srinivas , Rayapu Monica Rachana , Balla Naga Venkata Raghava 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The most plausible factor for coronary artery ectasia (CAE), a subset of coronary artery disease (CAD), is extensive inflammation. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum uric acid (sUA) are well known markers of inflammation. Most of the previous studies (done in the Western population and of Middle East Asia) evaluated their role individually as a marker of inflammation in CAD. We aimed to investigate the possible association of isolated CAE with inflammation as assessed by the hs-CRP and sUA levels and check whether the inflammatory hypothesis holds good in the south Asian population.

Materials and Methods:
Patients admitted for coronary angiography with age ≥30 years were evaluated. Patients with both CAE and CAD were excluded. A total of 60 patients were studied. Patients with isolated CAE (30) were compared with an equal number of patients with obstructive CAD (30) and their clinical profile was studied. The hs-CRP, sUA, and novel inflammatory markers such as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were compared between the groups.

Results:
Of the 60 patients studied, males were 56% in the isolated CAE group and 50% in the obstructive CAD group. The hs-CRP (2.39 ± 0.41 vs. 1.41 ± 0.29, P < 0.001) and sUA levels (6.46 ± 0.58 vs. 5.36 ± 0.40, P < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the isolated CAE group compared to the obstructive CAD group. Among the novel inflammatory markers, the NLR (3.98 ± 0.42 vs. 2.91 ± 0.30, P < 0.001) and RDW (12.69 ± 0.27 vs. 12.13 ± 0.48, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the CAE group compared to obstructive CAD group, whereas the MPV did not have a statistically significant difference (9.5 ± 0.98 vs. 9.6 ± 1.08, P = 0.525).

Conclusion:
The inflammatory etiology of CAE was supported by an elevated hs-CRP, sUA, and other novel inflammatory markers compared to the atherosclerotic obstructive CAD group.
Comparison of pain and extent of anesthesia in digital blocks for isolated finger lacerations
Authors: Jarragh Ali , Lari Ali , Burhamah Waleed , Alherz Mohammed , Nouri Abdullah , Alshammari Yahia , Al-Jasim Ameer , AlRefai Sulaiman , Alnusif Naser 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Digital injuries are among the most common presentations to the emergency department. In order to sufficiently examine and manage these injuries, adequate, prompt, and predictable anesthesia is essential. In this trial, we aim to primarily compare the degree of pain and anesthesia onset time between the two-injection dorsal block technique (TD) and the single-injection volar subcutaneous block (SV) technique. Further, we describe the temporal and anatomical effects of both techniques for an accurate delineation of the anesthetized regions.

METHODS:
This is a single-center prospective randomized controlled trial involving patients presenting with isolated wounds to the fingers requiring primary repair under local anesthesia. Patients were randomized to either the SV or TD blocks. The primary outcome was procedure-related pain (Numerical Rating Scale). Further, we assessed the extent of anesthesia along with the anesthesia onset time.

RESULTS:
A total of 100 patients were included in the final analysis, 50 on each arm of the study. The median pain score during injection was significantly higher in patients who received TD block than patients who received SV block (median [interquartile range] = 4 [2.25, 5.00] vs. 3.00 [2.00, 4.00], respectively, P = 0.006). However, anesthesia onset time was not statistically different among the groups (P = 0.39). The extent of anesthesia was more predictable in the dorsal block compared to the volar block.

CONCLUSION:
The single-injection volar subcutaneous blocks are less painful with a similar anesthesia onset time. Injuries presenting in the proximal dorsal region may benefit from the two-injection dorsal blocks, given the anatomical differences and timely anesthesia of the region.
Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais no município de Araguari/MG para o planejamento do horto medicinal na fazenda escola do Instituto Master de Ensino Presidente Antônio Carlos – IMEPAC.
Authors: Francisco Mariane , Justino Barbosa da Conceição Samuel , Mendes Jéssica 
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo resgatar o conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais no município de Araguari - MG; bem como planejar a construção do horto de plantas medicinais na Escola fazenda do IMEPAC Araguari - MG. O estudo foi do tipo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa realizado através de questionário online abordando características socioculturais de moradores do município, como hábito de uso de plantas medicinais e quais são mais usadas por esta população, e a partir destes dados planejar a construção do horto medicinal na fazenda escola do Centro Universitário de Araguari / IMEPAC – MG. Foi possível identificar que as mulheres utilizam com maior frequência as plantas medicinais, fator que reflete seu papel feminino no contexto familiar, como referência em cuidados e tratamentos terapêuticos, bem como guardiã de saberes populares e da tradição oral, passada entre gerações. Assim, o recuperar da sabedoria popular poderá trazer, plantas até então esquecidas e que possui grande potencial para a cura de doenças. A herança deixada pelas nossas gerações resultou em específicas buscas de plantas medicinais e estudos científicos que proporcionaram o isolamento dos princípios ativos para o tratamento e cura de doenças. O importante nesse cenário é que a utilização das plantas medicinais como recurso terapêutico já está presente a milhares de anos, então surge a questão, por que não resgatarmos novamente o uso desses remédios tradicionais e com estudos adicionais, descobrir novos compostos biologicamente ativos; e através de estudos confirmar a eficácia do tratamento.
A província do Espírito Santo: redes mercantis e a emancipação da América portuguesa (1815 - 1825)
Authors: Goularte Rodrigo da Silva 
Published: August 2022

A ruptura política entre Brasil e Portugal foi orientada não apenas pelos acontecimentos no Rio de Janeiro - sede da regência de D. Pedro - e nas Cortes lisboetas, mas também por diferentes conjunturas regionais da América portuguesa. No caso do Espírito Santo, as relações comerciais dos negociantes dessa província com portos baianos e do Rio de Janeiro desde o início do século XIX foram de grande importância para que as autoridades locais, vinculadas a esse comércio interprovincial, se decidissem politicamente no ano de 1822 entre a adesão às Cortes ou à regência de D. Pedro.
Praksis Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan pada Unit Produksi Jasa Boga
Authors: Lasmi Aida , Nawawi Zuhrinal M. 
Published: August 2022

The Praxis of Entrepreneurship Learning in the Food services Production Unit. This study aims to investigate teachers’ concepts of entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship competencies developed in the production unit, and entrepreneurship learning processes in the production unit of food services in SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. This study employed the qualitative case study. The research subjects were the principal, head of the study program, head of the production unit, and students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that: (1) Entrepreneurship learning needs hands-on-experiences-based; (2) the entrepreneurship competency developed through the production unit includes a) entrepreneurship knowledge, consisting of self-knowledge and practical knowledge, b) entrepreneurship attitudes, consisting of work ethos, autonomy, discipline, creativity, and innovativeness, and c) entrepreneurship skills, consisting of: technical skill, human relations skill, conceptual skill, decision making skill, time management skill, and leadership skill; (3) no instructional standard employed in to develop entrepreneurship in production unit. There are three entrepreneurship learning models employed in the production unit: inside production, outside production, and mobile canteen. The learning outcome is measured in two ways, i.e. performance and product monitoring. Meanwhile, evaluation of the students’ learning progress is conducted by using profit-based evaluation.
Keywords: learning, entrepreneurship, production unit