bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of osimertinib versus placebo in resected EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Zhou Xiwen , Du Jianting , Xu Guobing , Chen Chun , Zheng Bin , Chen Jiahe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aim to assess whether osimertinib postoperative adjuvant therapy, compared with placebo, is cost‐effective in China.MethodsWe set up the Markov model that contains three health states over a 20‐year period. Data were collected from the ADAURA trial that included transition probabilities and safety data. Through the analysis of literature and local charges, we explore both the cost and utility values. Sensitivity analyses were employed using TreeAge Pro software to access model stability.FindingsPatients in the osimertinib group had 1.46 more Quality‐adjusted Life Years (8.45 QALYs vs 6.99 QALYs) than the placebo group at an incremental cost of $14098.51($39962.99 vs $25864.48). Compared with the placebo group, the treatment strategy with osimertinib postoperative adjuvant therapy had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $9661.97/QALY. The probability of the osimertinib‐assisted therapy strategy being cost‐effective will reach 100% if the threshold of willingness to pay is above $15,000/QALY.ImplicationsFrom the perspective of the Chinese Healthcare System, the treatment strategy with osimertinib postoperative adjuvant therapy is more cost‐effective than the placebo strategy.
Distribution and favorable prognostic implication of genomic EGFR alterations in IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Higa Nayuta , Akahane Toshiaki , Hamada Taiji , Yonezawa Hajime , Uchida Hiroyuki , Makino Ryutaro , Watanabe Shoji , Takajo Tomoko , Yokoyama Seiya , Kirishima Mari , Matsuo Kei , Fujio Shingo , Hanaya Ryosuke , Tanimoto Akihide , Yoshimoto Koji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the mutation profile, transcriptional variants, and prognostic impact of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐wildtype glioblastomas (GBMs).MethodsWe sequenced EGFR, evaluated the EGFR splicing profile using a next‐generation sequencing oncopanel, and analyzed the outcomes in 138 grade IV IDH‐wildtype GBM cases.ResultsEGFR mutations were observed in 10% of GBMs. A total of 23.9% of the GBMs showed EGFR amplification. Moreover, 25% of the EGFR mutations occurred in the kinase domain. Notably, EGFR alterations were a predictor of good prognosis (p = 0.035). GBM with EGFR alterations was associated with higher Karnofsky Performance Scale scores (p = 0.014) and lower Ki‐67 scores (p = 0.005) than GBM without EGFR alterations. EGFRvIII positivity was detected in 21% of EGFR‐amplified GBMs. We identified two other EGFR variants in GBM cases with deletions of exons 6–7 (Δe 6–7) and exons 2–14 (Δe 2–14). In one case, the initial EGFRvIII mutation transformed into an EGFR Δe 2–14 mutation during recurrence.ConclusionsWe found that the EGFR gene profiles of GBM differ among cohorts and that EGFR alterations are good prognostic markers of overall survival in patients with IDH‐wildtype GBM. Additionally, we identified rare EGFR variants with longitudinal and temporal transformations of EGFRvIII.
Strategies to Reuse of Biocatalysts in the Hydrolysis and Esterification Reactions of Licuri (Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.) Oil
Authors: da Silva Alan R. C. , Soares Lais R. C. , Lima Álvaro S. , Soares Cleide M. F. , Souza Ranyere L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe industrial limitations for the use of enzymes are mainly related to their catalytic capacity and their high cost. Herein, it is proposed to evaluate the productive capacity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (free enzyme and cross‐linked enzyme aggregates – CLEAs) for the hydrolysis and esterification reactions of licuri (Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.) oil, also addressing different strategies to optimize the processes for the reuse of this valuable biocatalyst. For hydrolysis reactions, it was obtained an increase of 178 % in fatty acids productivity using CLEAS compared to free enzymes. By submitting the system to liquid‐liquid separation, it was possible to reuse the free enzymes, which maintained a relative conversion of approximately 75 % of the initial cycle. For the esterification reaction, CLEAs showed a productivity increase of 50 times with lauric acid and 15 times with palmitic acid; in addition to being recovered and reused for 5 cycles, with little loss of efficiency, showing good resistance to the organic environment.
Determining the Reaction Mechanisms of Photo‐Thermo Synergetic Processes by Kinetic Investigations
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhoto‐thermo catalysis utilizing light has been a promising strategy to improve the conventional thermal catalytic activity and attracts great attention nowadays. However, how heat works in synergy with light radiation is still unclear. This Concept article is trying to clarify the specific contents via summarizing the kinetic studies including 1) proposing elementary steps through pressure dependence studies, 2) estimating reaction barriers through measuring the apparent activation energies and 3) assigning the kinetically relevant step(s) with kinetic isotope effects (KIE) as well as 4) exploring the relationship of the reaction rate with the light excitation wavelength and light intensity. The challenges in kinetic studies such as describing the light‐induced carrier transfer process, the surface temperature under light illumination as well as reaction intermediates were discussed at the same time. Finally, an outlook about kinetic studies in clarifying the photo‐thermo catalysis reaction mechanism was proposed.
Enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers using Garphos derivatives as chiral extractants
Authors: Wang Hou , Yang Yanning , Chen Shuhuan , Xiao Wenjie , Hu Kangyu , Zhong Changyuan , Ouyang Junying , Liu Xiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, Garphos with different substituents were employed as chiral extractants to enantioseparate racemic amino acid and mandelic acid. The influences of metal precursors, pH of aqueous solution, Garphos‐metal concentration, extraction temperature, and substituent effect on extraction were investigated. The results indicated that the substituent groups significantly affected the π‐π interaction between extractant and substrate. And the separation factors (α) for Garphos could be remarkably improved by regulating substituent groups. Garphos‐II‐Pd, Garphos‐VI‐Pd, Garphos‐III‐Pd, Garphos‐I‐Cu, Garphos‐VI‐Cu, and Garphos‐V‐Pd were the most efficient extractants for phenylalanine (Phe), homophenylalanine (Hphe), 4‐nitrophenylalanine (Nphe), 3‐chlorophenylglycine (Cpheg), mandelic acid (MA), and 2‐chlormandelic acid (CMA) with α values of 2.40, 2.37, 5.37, 1.59, 5.98, and 3.69, respectively. This work provided an important reference for the design of efficient chiral extractants in future work.
Cost effective non‐evacuated receiver for line‐concentrating solar collectors characterized by experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics model
Authors: Panda Mihir , Kumar Durgesh , Gharat Punit V. , Patil Ramchandra G. , Dalvi Vishwanath H. , Mathpati Channamallikarjun S. , Gaval Vivek R. , Deshmukh Suresh P. , Panse Sudhir V. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar thermal technology promises to be a significant component of the future renewable energy mix. As the most mature solar thermal technology, parabolic trough concentrators (PTC) are the focus of considerable research. Conventional PTC use evacuated receivers, which contribute 30% of the solar field cost, not including significant failure (55% due to broken glass envelopes and 29% due to loss of vacuum arising due to failure of glass to metal seal). We report a non‐evacuated receiver with a modular design for easier assembly and superior thermal performance for a PTC made of reflective strips of mirrored glass with a rim angle of 60°. The receiver performance is estimated using our own ray‐tracing software and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a model that we have validated with our own experimental rig. Critical parameters like the width of the mirror strip, the emissivity of solar selective coating, insulation material, and reflectivity of optical cavity walls have been analyzed in this study. A scaled‐up model of the proposed novel receiver with a heat transfer fluid conduit diameter of 70 mm has been simulated to compare the performance with the commercial SCHOTT PTR® 70. The cost of this receiver is estimated to be $30/m as compared to up to $250/m for SCHOTT PTR® 70 with comparable performance. The modular nature of the receiver and reflector gives operational and maintenance flexibility and facile part replacement in case of damage, resulting in low‐cost operation.
Photochemically Induced 1,3‐Butadiene Ring‐Closure from the Topological Analysis of the Electron Localization Function Viewpoint
Authors: Guerra Cristian , Ayarde‐Henríquez Leandro , Duque‐Noreña Mario , Chamorro Eduardo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic rearrangement featuring the photochemically‐induced 1,3‐cis‐butadiene is discussed within a bonding evolution theory (BET) perspective based on the topological analysis of the electron localization function and Thom's catastrophe theory. The process involves the vertical singlet‐singlet excitation S0→S2, and the subsequent deactivation implying the S2/S1 and S1/S0 conical intersection regions. BET results reveal that the new CC bond is finally formed on the S0 surface, as also recently found in the photochemical addition of two ethylenes [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 20598, (2021)].
Plasma‐Assisted Dinitrogen Activation on Small Cobalt Clusters: Co4N9+ with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Geng Lijun , Jia Yuhan , Zhang Hanyu , Cui Chaonan , Luo Zhixun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have performed a study on the accommodation of nitrogen doping toward superatomic states of transition metal clusters. By reacting cobalt clusters with N2 in the presence of plasma radiation, a large number of odd‐nitrogen clusters were observed, typically Co3N2m‐1+ (m=1–5) and Co4N2m‐1+ (m=1–6) series, showing N≡N bond cleavage in the mild plasma atmosphere. Interestingly, the Co3N7+, Co4N9+, and Co5N9+ clusters exhibit prominent mass abundances. First‐principles calculation results elucidate the stability of the diverse cobalt nitride clusters and find unique stability of Co4N9+ with a swallow‐kite structure of which four coordinated N2 molecules causes a significantly enlarged HOMO‐LUMO gap, while the single N atom doping gives rise to superatomic states of 1S21P3||1D0. We reveal an efficient dinitrogen activation strategy by reacting multiple N2 molecules with cobalt clusters under a plasma atmosphere.
A Study on the Effects of La/Sm Codoping on the Structural and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of n‐Type CaMnO3−δ Perovskite
Authors: Vijay Ammu , Prasanth S Charan , Jose Roshan , P Vineetha , Saravanan K Venkata 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOxide thermoelectric ceramics attract extensive research interest due to their excellent thermal stability, non‐toxicity, cost‐effectiveness, and earth‐abundant constituent elements. In the present work, the authors study the effect of lanthanum (La) and samarium (Sm) co‐doping on the structural, microstructural, and thermoelectric properties of CaMnO3 ceramics. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies show an increase in unit cell volume with an increase in Sm concentration. A shift in Raman modes is observed, confirming distortions in MnO6 octahedra with the substitution of rare‐earth elements. The co‐doping strategy leads to a two‐order increment in electrical conductivity and reduction in thermopower as expected due to the increase in Mn3+ and charge carrier concentration. The highest electrical conductivity value attained is ≈200 S cm−1 at around 570 K for La0.025Sm0.1Ca0.875MnO3. The maximum value of thermoelectric power factor achieved is 194 μW m–1 K–2, which is two orders higher than that of the undoped CaMnO3.
A “Power‐to‐X” Route to Acetic Acid via Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Methyl Formate
Authors: Jürling‐Will Philipp , Botz Tobias , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of acetic acid by formal isomerization of methyl formate (MF) was investigated using molecular catalysts. The base‐catalyzed decarbonylation of MF, yielding CO and methanol in situ, was integrated with their palladium‐catalyzed recombination for the synthesis of acetic acid and methyl acetate in a one pot reaction. The complex [Pd(Cl)2(dppe)] [dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐ethane] in combination with NaI as iodide source and NaOMe as base were identified as promising molecular components to enable the overall conversion. Sequential application of the statistical methods design of experiments and simplex optimization was used in combination with thermodynamic analysis of the competing reaction pathways for experimental planning and data analysis. Starting from a proof‐of‐principle with a turnover number (TON) of 11, the catalytic system could thus be optimized to allow quantitative conversion of MF with a TON of 43000, whereby a yield of 83 % of acetate groups and a yield of 74 % for free acetic acid was obtained.
Energy efficient grid based k‐means clustering algorithm for large scale wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ben Gouissem Bechir , Gantassi Rahma , Hasnaoui Salem 
Published: June 2022

SummaryHierarchical based routing is a kind of group‐based routing that consists in creating of a virtual hierarchy among network sensor nodes. This class of routing technique is generally designed for large‐scale networks. It aims to efficiently increase network lifetime by cutting the whole network into clusters. However, traditional clustering techniques show some limitations and do not take into consideration the self‐organized with dynamic topology inherent in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These limitations can lead to an unbalanced cluster head distribution that affects the whole network energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a grid‐based k‐means clustering protocol (named GBK), which combines grid‐based routing with k‐means algorithm in order to overcome the above mentioned weaknesses. From the supervised zone area size parameter, the base station determines the optimal grid size based on our optimization study. Afterwards, the k‐means algorithm is executed in every grid cell generating a cluster head per cell grid where the nearest node to the grid cell centroid is elected. An enhancement of this proposed GBK algorithm named GBK‐R is also proposed to extend network stability of the GBK algorithm by node scoring calculation that take as parameters the node remaining energy in addition to the distance to centroid. Our proposed GBK and GBK‐R algorithms allow for an enhanced network stability and increase the network lifetime as demonstrated by our performance evaluation study. In addition, this GBK clustering algorithm provides a better network topology control and a better control of the random nature of node distribution by generating cluster heads with bounded localization.
Pathological role of the calcium‐sensing receptor in sepsis‐induced hypotensive shock: Therapeutic possibilities and unanswered questions
Authors: Sood Ankita , Singh Gaaminepreet , Singh Thakur G. , Gupta Kirti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSepsis is a life‐threatening disease involving multiorgan dysfunction, prompted by an unregulated host response to infection. Shock is a complication of sepsis in which the circulatory and cellular metabolism anomalies are significant enough to raise the risk of death. Calcium dyshomeostasis occurs during sepsis condition due to imbalance between calcium uptake and excessive release induced by inflammatory cytokines. This calcium imbalance can cause activation of calcium‐sensing receptors (CaSRs) located on the surface of T cells and thereby promote release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated ROS and inflammatory cytokines during sepsis condition have been reported to directly damage the endothelial cells, disrupt the barrier functions that might result in leakage of fluids, and inflammatory cells in tissues Moreover, several evidence have revealed that the calcium mediated activation of CaSR could produce systemic vasodilatory response by stimulating the nitric oxide production and opening of calcium‐activated potassium channels, while infusion of its antagonist elevated the blood pressure. These evidence indicate that activation of CaSR during sepsis conditions results in release of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, which could produce an endothelial barrier damage, cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These pathological events could produce loss of fluid in tissues and cardiac dysfunction. Further the direct vasodilatory effects of CaSR activation might add to the shock‐like condition. Thus, we hereby propose that inhibition of CaSR could suppress the release of ROS, inflammatory mediators, and thereby prevent the endothelial damage, cardiac dysfunction, and maintain systemic vascular tone.
Adolescent female rats recovered from the activity‐based anorexia display blunted hedonic responding
Authors: Hurley Matthew M. , Nawari Ashraf N. , Chen Victoria X. , O'Brien Shannon C. , Sabir Aliasgher I. , Goodman Ethan J. , Wiles Lucas J. , Biswas Aditi , Aston Sean Andrew , Khambadkone Seva G. , Tamashiro Kellie L. , Moran Timothy H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveAs patients with anorexia nervosa tend to “like” palatable tastants less than controls, we set out to model this preclinically by using the taste reactivity test (TRT) to assess hedonic state in rats following weight restoration from a bout of activity‐based anorexia (ABA).MethodFemale rats (n = 31) were surgically implanted with an intraoral catheter, which allowed experimenters to assess baseline TRT to six tastants. Following baseline TRT, animals were either exposed to the activity‐based anorexia condition (ABA; 1.5HR chow/ad lib wheel until 25% weight loss), kept sedentary (SED; ad lib chow/locked wheel), given access to running wheels with ad lib chow access (RW; ad lib chow/wheel), or were body weight matched to the ABA group (BWM; restricted chow/locked wheel). Following 25% weight loss, wheels were locked and food returned to ABA rats. Paired RW groups had their wheels locked and paired BWM rats were given ad lib access to food. Animals were given 10 days to recover prior to a second TRT. Videos were analyzed for liking (tongue protrusions) and disliking (gape) behaviors.ResultsThe ABA group displayed a significant within‐subject reduction in cumulative lick responses to water and 1 M sucrose. Additionally, we found the SED and ABA group displayed a significant within‐subject reduction in cumulative lick responses to .1 M sucrose. Positive hedonic responses did not decline in either the BWM or the RW groups.DiscussionThe data show a novel phenomenon that a history of ABA results in an anhedonia phenotype that mirrors aspects of AN.Significance statementPatients recovered from anorexia nervosa report anhedonia, or the lack of pleasure in consuming palatable foods. Unfortunately, the biological mechanism underpinning anhedonia in anorexia nervosa is not well understood. The current study assessed hedonic state in adolescent female rats prior to and 10 days recovered following the activity‐based anorexia paradigm. Age‐matched, running wheel‐matched and body weight‐matched control groups were also tested at the same time points.
Hail‐induced mortality of Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) in Southern Tropical China
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Wang Lin , Li Jiabin , Wang Qiaoyan , Luo Aidong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHailstorms has been reported to cause mortality of mammals or birds around the world, but the effect of hailstorms on tropical avian species has seldomly been documented. In April 2020, a hailstorm hit Xishuangbanna in south China and was reported to kill 45 Asian Openbills. We estimated the effect of hail by doing fieldwork and interviews. We walked along transects to survey the local avian diversity 3 days after the hail; checked the dead species along the transect; and also interviewed 67 local villagers in 14 villages in the impacted area. We found no evidence that other species were killed by the hail and recorded 40 bird species along the transects in April. Four months later, we surveyed the same transects and recorded 38 species, and the Asian Openbill stayed as one of the most dominant bird species. We concluded that the Asian Openbill is more vulnerable to hail compared with other local birds, but this single hail event did not have an obvious long‐term impact on the population. The result provided an important case study for a tropical bird's response to extreme climate events and we suggested more similar observations to be made in the future.
The comparative energetics of the turtles and crocodiles
Authors: Marn Nina , Kooijman Sebastiaan A. L. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Add‐my‐Pet collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget parameters currently contains 92 species of turtles and 23 species of crocodiles. We discuss patterns of eco‐physiological traits of turtles and crocodiles, as functions of parameter values, and compare them with other taxa. Turtles and crocodiles accurately match the general rule that the life‐time cumulated neonate mass production equals ultimate weight. The weight at birth for reptiles scales with ultimate weight to the power 0.6. The scaling exponent is between that of amphibians and birds, while that for mammals is close to 1. We explain why this points to limitations imposed by embryonic respiration, the role of water stress and the accumulation of nitrogen waste during the embryo stage. Weight at puberty is proportional to ultimate weight, and is the largest for crocodiles, followed by that of turtles. These facts explain why the precociality coefficient, —approximated by the ratio of weight at birth and weight at puberty at abundant food—decreases with ultimate weight. It is the smallest for crocodiles because of their large size and is smaller for turtles than for lizards and snakes. The sea turtles have a smaller than the rest of the turtles, linked to their large size and small offspring size. We link their small weight and age at birth to reducing risks on the beach. The maximum reserve capacity in both turtles and crocodiles clearly decreases with the precociality coefficient. This relationship has not been found that clearly in other taxa, not even in other reptiles, with the exception of the chondrichthyans. Among reptiles, crocodiles and sea turtles have a relatively large assimilation rate and a large reserve capacity.