bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the detonation reliability of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap
Authors: Cheng Li , Mu Huina , Ren Xiaowei , Wen Yuquan , Zeng Xiaoyun , Li Xiaogang 
Published: October 2022

Air gap thickness significantly affects the detonation reliability of explosive trains. This paper mainly studies the detonation reliability of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap. First, the detonation process of the JO-9C mild detonation cord initiating the 1.7 g/cm3 JO-11C booster is simulated by the AUTODYN software, and the critical air gap thickness is obtained between 0.32 and 0.40 mm. Second, a test device for explosive trains with adjustable air gap thickness is designed based on the numerical simulation results, and the adjustable step length of the air gap thickness is 0.0625 mm. Finally, a small sample evaluation method that does not depend on the standard deviation of the sensitivity distribution is proposed, and only 86 test samples are needed to verify the detonation reliability of 0.9999 at 0.1 mm air gap thickness. The test device designed and the small sample evaluation method proposed can be referred to for the detonation reliability evaluation of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap.
Issues in introducing indigenous languages in higher education in Africa
Authors: Oloruntoba-Oju Taiwo , van Pinxteren Bert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As the most populous African nation, with one of the most diverse, and problematic, ethnolinguistic profiles in
the world, Nigeria provides a case study for the potential introduction of indigenous languages in (higher) education delivery in
once colonised territories. We argue that increased enrolment in higher education will become necessary for Nigeria to attain its
developmental goals. We then discuss the limits to what the Nigerian educational system can be expected to achieve using English
as the medium of instruction. Once these limits are surpassed, the gradual addition of a limited number of Nigerian languages will
become inevitable. We propose to make use of a distinction between languages as designed (or intellectualized) and languages as
discerned, inspired by the terminology of ‘Ausbau’ and ‘Abstand’ languages as used by Kloss. The article briefly reviews the
complex linguistic makeup of Nigeria and outlines a number of principles that could guide rational language choices in this area,
such as ease of acquisition and inclusivity. It ends with suggesting a number of concrete steps that should be taken over the
coming years in order to make the introduction of indigenous languages into higher education in Nigeria a practical possibility.
Clinical usefulness of infrared thermography to detect sick animals: frequent and current cases
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Casas-Alvarado Alejandro , Gómez-Prado Jocelyn , Hernández-Ávalos Ismael , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Lezama-García Karina , Jacome-Romero Joseline , Rodríguez-González Daniela , Pereira Alfredo M.F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) is a tool that has been studied extensively in the experimental medical field as a method for assessing surface thermal responses under various conditions. These may involve local inflammatory processes resulting from surgical procedures, wounds, neoplasms, pathologies, painful events, or stressful states in animals. IRT measures changes in blood flow in surface blood capillaries and the resulting heat radiation. In the clinical field, thermography has been used as a support method for detecting painful conditions. However, some guidelines indicate that it could be applied for assessing and monitoring animals in rehabilitation to quantify objectively possible improvements in their quality of life. Similarly, it has been observed that IRT makes it possible to assess the degree of circulation in dermal tissue, suggesting that it could be used to determine the degree of damage in traumatized tissue in cases of thromboembolic diseases and burns. This would be useful to distinguish between damaged and healthy tissue and thus determine the optimal therapy for burn patients. This review aims to analyze scientific evidence on the clinical applications of IRT for detecting diseases and assessing painful conditions. A literature search on different databases was performed to recover articles related to the application of IRT as a complementary diagnostic tool, as well as its potential for assisting in rehabilitation, monitoring wounds, and evaluating body temperature in domestic animals.
Probing horizon scale quantum effects with Love
Authors: Datta Sayak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Future gravitational wave (GW) detectors have been projected to be able to probe the nature of compact objects in great detail. In this work, we study the potential observability of the small length scale physics near black hole horizon with the tidal deformability of the compact objects in an inspiraling binary. We find that it is possible to probe them with extreme mass ratio inspirals. We discuss how the quantum effects can affect the GW observables. This as a consequence is bound to shape our understanding of the quantum scale near the horizon.
On stable and unstable behaviour of certain rotation segments
Authors: Addas-Zanata Salvador , Liu Xiao-Chuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study non-wandering homeomorphisms of the two-dimen-sional torus homotopic to the identity, whose rotation sets are non-trivial segments from (0, 0) to some totally irrational point (α, β). We show that for any r ⩾ 1, this rotation set only appears for C

r
diffeomorphisms satisfying some degenerate conditions. And when such a rotation set does appear, assuming several natural conditions that are generically satisfied in the area-preserving world, we give a clearer description of its rotational behaviour. More precisely, the dynamics admits bounded deviation along the direction −(α, β) in the lift, and the rotation set is locked inside an arbitrarily small cone with respect to small C
0-perturbations of the dynamics. On the other hand, for any non-wandering homeomorphism f with this kind of rotation set, we also present a perturbation scheme in order for the rotation set to be eaten by the rotation set of some nearby dynamics, in the sense that the later set has non-empty interior and contains the former one. These two flavours interplay and share the common goal of understanding the stability/instability properties of this kind of rotation set.
Dynamics of Dirac concentrations in the evolution of quantitative alleles with sexual reproduction
Authors: Dekens L , Mirrahimi S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A proper understanding of the links between varying gene expression levels and complex trait adaptation is still lacking, despite recent advances in sequencing techniques leading to new insights on their importance in some evolutionary processes. This calls for extensions of the continuum-of-alleles framework first introduced by Kimura (1965 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
54 731–36) that bypass the classical Gaussian approximation. Here, we propose a novel mathematical framework to study the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative alleles for sexually reproducing populations under natural selection and competition through an integro-differential equation. It involves a new reproduction operator which is nonlinear and nonlocal. This reproduction operator is different from the infinitesimal operator used in other studies with sexual reproduction because of different underlying genetic structures. In an asymptotic regime where initially the population has a small phenotypic variance, we analyse the long-term dynamics of the phenotypic distributions according to the methodology of small variance (Diekmann et al 2005 Theor. Popul. Biol.
67 257–71). In particular, we prove that the reproduction operator strains the limit distribution to be a product measure. Under some assumptions on the limit equation, we show that the population remains monomorphic, that is the phenotypic distribution remains concentrated as a moving Dirac mass. Moreover, in the case of a monomorphic distribution, we derive a canonical equation describing the dynamics of the dominant alleles.
Verification of the calibration method for the boundary effect in JUNO
Authors: Zhu Kangfu , Guo Yuhang , Cai Ziqi , Liu Yankai , Zhang Feiyang , Meng Yue , Liu Jianglai , Yu Zeyuan , Qu Eryuan , Zhang Qingmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is constructed to probe multiple physics goals, including determining the neutrino mass ordering (MO), measuring solar neutrinos, detecting supernova neutrinos, etc. A large Liquid Scintillator (LS) detector with a high energy resolution is being built to determine the neutrino MO within 6-year of data taking. To accomplish this goal, a calibration complex has been designed. Concerning the energy leakage near the LS boundary, a Guide Tube Calibration System (GTCS) will be deployed on the outer surface of the JUNO central detector to help better understand the boundary effect. A fitting algorithm has been presented during the design of GTCS considering the overlap of full-energy peak and Compton tail. In this paper, we verify the fitting algorithm experimentally, using a radioactive source in the Daya Bay experiment. The maximum bias of full-energy peak for the experiment at Daya Bay is less than 1.0% even if a change of ±20.0% in acrylic density was assumed. Besides, the tuned acrylic density is applied in JUNO GTCS simulation. The maximum uncertainty estimation of GTCS energy response in total is 0.52%, satisfying the JUNO GTCS requirement which is 1.0%.
Improving radiation hardness in space-based Charge-Coupled Devices: an experimental validation of a new pre-fabrication modelling technique
Authors: Parsons S. , Hall D. , Buggey T. , Holland A. , Verhoeve P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The soft X-ray imager (SXI) on the SMILE mission uses two
large 4510x4510 back illuminated CCD370s to detect X-rays in the
0.2–2 keV range. These devices take heritage from the optical
imaging PLATO mission CCD270s and have been optimised for low energy
signals by including a parallel supplementary buried channel (SBC)
which should reduce the volume of the charge cloud and thereby
reduce the number of traps it interacts with as it is transferred
through the CCD.
The charge transfer performance improvement between the CCD270 and
the CCD370 has been simulated using a combination of Silvaco and
Matlab models to predict its characteristics pre-fabrication over a
102–105 electron signal range. Trap pumping measurements
have been taken on both devices to count the number of traps present
and hence calculate the mean amount of traps that exist per pixel
across the range of signal levels. The trap pumping results are used
to calculate a charge transfer performance improvement that shows
good agreement with the simulated values, especially in the SXI
science band.
These results bring added confidence to the early performance
modelling of the SMILE SXI instrument and is a good indicator that
the simulations are accurate enough to be used to model devices with
more advanced geometries such as an SBC and can be used in future
CCD missions, where radiation-hardness and hence good charge
transfer characteristics are key.
Monte Carlo approach to comparison of parallel-hole collimators of clinical scintillation camera system for imaging astatine-211 (At-211)
Authors: Nakanishi Kohei , Yamamoto Seiichi , Kataoka Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Astatine-211 (At-211) is a promising alpha particle emitter
for targeted radionuclide therapy. Since its daughter isotope
(polonium-211(Po-211)) emits characteristic X-rays of about 80 keV,
the distribution of At-211 in the body can be imaged by detecting
the X-rays with a scintillation camera. However, the isotopes also
emit high-energy gamma photons that are collimated with difficulty
for a parallel-hole collimator of a clinical scintillation camera
system, and thus the selection of a collimator is important. In this
study, we compared the performances of low-energy high-resolution
(LEHR), low-energy all-purpose (LEAP), medium-energy (ME), and
high-energy (HE) parallel-hole collimators for At-211 using Monte
Carlo simulation. We simulated a clinical scintillation camera
system with the collimators using the Geant4 toolkit. The energy
spectra, sensitivities, and spatial resolutions for the point source
of At-211 were evaluated. Moreover, we simulated imaging of six
sphere sources of At-211 in a 1-cm-thick cylindrical phantom filled
with At-211 solution to evaluate image contrast. All of the results
in this study are simulation data. The spatial resolution with LEHR
was 7.6 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the highest
between collimators, while the sensitivity with LEAP was 85 cps/MBq
and the highest. The image contrast acquired with the ME collimator
was superior to those with the other collimators. We concluded that
the LEHR, LEAP, and ME collimators had their advantages, so an
optimum collimator should be selected depending on the purpose of
imaging of At-211, although there was no advantage in using the HE
collimator for the imaging of At-211.
Investigation of optimal planning strategy in gamma knife perfexion for vestibular schwannoma tumor using hybrid plan technique
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Natanasabapathi Gopishankar , Bisht Raj Kishor , Malhotra Rajeev Kumar , Kale Shashank Sharad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS) is clinically challenging because of surrounding critical structures. We generated and compared the forward plan (FP), inverse plan (IP), and hybrid plan (HP) for the optimal planning strategy in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) for vestibular schwannoma tumors (VS). Methods and materials. In this study, 51 planning scenarios of 17 patients with VS were planned for GKSRS using FP, IP, and HP in Leksell Gamma plan (LGP10.1) using the TMR10 algorithm. The planning images were obtained using the following MRI (GE, USA) scan parameters: T1W images-MPRAGE sequence, FOV-256 mm × 256 mm, matrix size-512 mm × 512 mm, and the slice thickness 1 mm. The total dose was prescribed12Gy and normalized at 50% isodose level. Results and discussion. The plan parameters were compared dosimetrically by maintaining FP as a base plan. The statistical analysis, including one-factor, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction tests, were performed. The p-value for planning parameters such as brainstem dose, beam ON time, and gradient index significantly favored HP. Conclusion. Overall results show that HP is an efficient method for GKSRS of VS The p-value was less than 0.001 and statistically significant for various plan indices.
Effect of driver gas composition on production of scaled Friedlander waveforms in an open-ended shock tube model
Authors: Reeder Evan L , Liber Mei-Ling , Traubert Owen D , O’Connell Christopher J , Turner Ryan C , Robson Matthew J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the evolution of modern warfare and the increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), there has been an increase in blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) among military personnel and civilians. The increased prevalence of bTBI necessitates bTBI models that result in a properly scaled injury for the model organism being used. The primary laboratory model for bTBI is the shock tube, wherein a compressed gas ruptures a thin membrane, generating a shockwave. To generate a shock wave that is properly scaled from human to rodent subjects many pre-clinical models strive for a short duration and high peak overpressure while fitting a Friedlander waveform, the ideal representation of a blast wave. A large variety of factors have been experimentally characterized in attempts to create an ideal waveform, however we found current research on the gas composition being used to drive shock wave formation to be lacking. To better understand the effect the driver gas has on the waveform being produced, we utilized a previously established murine shock tube bTBI model in conjunction with several distinct driver gasses. In agreement with previous findings, helium produced a shock wave most closely fitting the Friedlander waveform in contrast to the plateau-like waveforms produced by some other gases. The peak static pressure at the exit of the shock tube and total pressure 5 cm from the exit have a strong negative correlation with the density of the gas being used: helium the least dense gas used produces the highest peak overpressure. Density of the driver gas also exerts a strong positive effect on the duration of the shock wave, with helium producing the shortest duration wave. Due to its ability to produce a Friedlander waveform and produce a waveform following proper injury scaling guidelines, helium is an ideal gas for use in shock tube models for bTBI.
Fuel compression in the magnetized cylindrical implosion driven by a gold tube heated by heavy ion beams
Authors: LIU Bo , WANG Fangping , ZHANG Heng , ZHANG Sheng , DUAN Wenshan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A magnetized cylindrical target composed of a gold tube filled with deuterium-tritium fuel plasma at low density is studied numerically in the present paper. A shock wave is produced when a heavy ion beam heats the gold along the direction of the magnetic field. The density peak of the shock wave increases with the increase in time and it propagates in the −r direction in the cylindrical tube. It seems that this wave is the supermagnetosonic wave. It is found that the Mach number M is between 6.96 and 19.19. The density peak of the shock wave increases as the intensity of the heavy ion beam increases. Furthermore, the density peak of the shock wave increases as the external magnetic field increases.
10 dB interferometer enhancement by squeezing of photon shot noise with sub-femtometer resolution and eye-safe optical power
Authors: Zander Jascha , Rembe Christian , Schnabel Roman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quantum technologies that exploit quantum-correlated resources offer advantages over quantum technologies that just exploit coherent states. Here we propose and demonstrate the exploitation of squeezed light to enhance laser interferometers being at the sensitivity limit of eye-safe optical powers into a new regime otherwise impossible without sacrificing eye-safety. We realised a homodyne Mach–Zehnder interferometer that in its arms used an eye-safe combined optical power of only 10 mW at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and nevertheless achieved a displacement noise spectral density of as low as 0.26 fm Hz−1/2. This value is more than a factor of

10

below what is possible with 10 mW in ideal coherent states at 1550 nm and slightly lower than what is possible with 100 mW at the same wavelength. We envision a new user application for squeezed light in avoiding costs for laser safety measures.
Climate change creates opportunities to expand agriculture in the Hindu Kush Himalaya but will cause considerable ecosystem trade-offs
Authors: KC Krishna Bahadur , Fraser Evan D G , Wassmansdorf Dan , Tzadok Edan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Theoretically, climate change will create warmer temperatures and greater precipitation in mountainous regions, making agriculture possible in areas that were once unsuitable for cropping. But the extent and the nature of these ‘agricultural frontiers’ is as yet unknown. Building upon recent research on Climate Change Driven Agricultural Frontiers [CCDAFs], this paper assesses the potential of agricultural expansion in the Hindukush Himalaya [HKH]. Using FAO crop suitability data, we estimated the extent of CCDAFs under three Representative Concentration Pathways for 13 crops as well as the potential impacts of developing these frontiers on ecosystem services. We show that under climate change projected by the IPSL- CM5A-LR climate model, 34,507 km2 of agricultural frontiers may emerge in the HKH by 2100 under RCP 6.0. Additionally, results suggest that there will be new opportunities for crop diversification as individual crops will gain frontier area. However, developing these CCDAFs will impact supportive and regulating ecosystem services including carbon storage and sequestration, soil quality, biodiversity, and hydrological processes—with implications for regional water security. These impacts must be considered alongside the benefits of additional food production when evaluating the net benefits of developing CCDAFS.
Melanoma 2.0. Skin cancer as a paradigm for emerging diagnostic technologies, computational modelling and artificial intelligence
Authors: Vera Julio , Lai Xin , Baur Andreas , Erdmann Michael , Gupta Shailendra , Guttà Cristiano , Heinzerling Lucie , Heppt Markus V , Kazmierczak Philipp Maximilian , Kunz Manfred , Lischer Christopher , Pützer Brigitte M , Rehm Markus , Ostalecki Christian , Retzlaff Jimmy , Witt Stephan , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Berking Carola 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We live in an unprecedented time in oncology. We have accumulated samples and cases in cohorts larger and more complex than ever before. New technologies are available for quantifying solid or liquid samples at the molecular level. At the same time, we are now equipped with the computational power necessary to handle this enormous amount of quantitative data. Computational models are widely used helping us to substantiate and interpret data. Under the label of systems and precision medicine, we are putting all these developments together to improve and personalize the therapy of cancer. In this review, we use melanoma as a paradigm to present the successful application of these technologies but also to discuss possible future developments in patient care linked to them. Melanoma is a paradigmatic case for disruptive improvements in therapies, with a considerable number of metastatic melanoma patients benefiting from novel therapies. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients does not respond to therapy or suffers from adverse events. Melanoma is an ideal case study to deploy advanced technologies not only due to the medical need but also to some intrinsic features of melanoma as a disease and the skin as an organ. From the perspective of data acquisition, the skin is the ideal organ due to its accessibility and suitability for many kinds of advanced imaging techniques. We put special emphasis on the necessity of computational strategies to integrate multiple sources of quantitative data describing the tumour at different scales and levels.