bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, functional properties, and nutritional evaluation of chickpea protein concentrate
Authors: Zhang Yue , Huang Xujie , Zeng Xianchun , Li Liang , Jiang Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChickpeas are the second most consumed legume in the world, with a high protein content and high bioavailability. This study aimed to optimize extraction conditions of chickpea protein concentrate and evaluate its functional properties and nutritional value.FindingsChickpea protein concentrate was prepared by alkali solubilization with isoelectric precipitation and optimal conditions determined using response surface methodology were as follows: pH, 9.84; temperature, 28.94°C; solvent‐to‐solid ratio, 19.06:1 (ml:g); and extraction time, 98.19 min. The highest protein extraction yield was 60.69% and the protein content was 85.56%. Chickpea protein concentrate was found to have satisfactory solubility and foaming properties, while foaming stability, emulsion stability, and water‐holding capacity need to be improved in comparison with soybean protein concentrate. The levels of all essential amino acids of chickpea protein concentrate, except those of sulfur‐containing amino acids were close to the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) standard pattern.ConclusionChickpea protein concentrate has better solubility and foaming properties than soy protein concentrate, and can be modified to improve foaming stability and water‐holding properties, thus broadening its application in the food industry.Significance and NoveltyOur results recommended chickpea protein concentrate as a better alternative to animal proteins for human health due to the good balance of amino acids, high protein bioavailability, and being less allergenic than soy protein.
Post‐traumatic missing talus: Staged allograft interposition and fusion. Should we fuse the “talo‐navicular” joint?
Authors: Kitridis Dimitrios , Lampridis Vasileios , Rigkos Dimitrios , Savvidis Ioannis , Georgiannos Dimitrios , Bisbinas Ilias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplete talar dislocation—extrusion is an uncommon sequela of high‐energy trauma. When the talus is unavailable for reimplantation, a staged treatment plan with the use (a) of an antibiotic cement spacer, followed by (b) tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with bone allograft interposition, may ensure a good clinical outcome.
Hyperammonemia in a girl who inherited a likely pathogenic variant of the ornithine transcarbamylase gene from her asymptomatic father—A peculiar pattern of X‐linked recessive inheritance
Authors: Chan Toby Chun Hei , Cheung Hoi Ning , Chow Jasmine , Leung Mei Tik , Chen Sammy Pak Lam , Shek Chi Chung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA three‐year‐old Chinese girl presented with hyperammonemia was diagnosed biochemically and genetically (heterozygous for a novel likely pathogenic missense variant c.476T>A) as having ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, a rare X‐linked recessive urea cycle disorders. Extensive family genetic screening eventually revealed paternal gonadosomatic mosaicism.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of eccentricity and leaflet rigidity on thrombosis biomarkers in bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements
Authors: Oks David , Samaniego Cristóbal , Houzeaux Guillaume , Butakoff Constantine , Vázquez Mariano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work intends to study the effect of aortic annulus eccentricity and leaflet rigidity on the performance, thrombogenic risk and calcification risk in bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements (BAVRs). To address these questions, a two‐way immersed fluid–structure interaction (FSI) computational model was implemented in a high‐performance computing (HPC) multi‐physics simulation software, and validated against a well‐known FSI benchmark. The aortic valve bioprosthesis model is qualitatively contrasted against experimental data, showing good agreement in closed and open states. Regarding the performance of BAVRs, the model predicts that increasing eccentricities yield lower geometric orifice areas (GOAs) and higher normalized transvalvular pressure gradients (TPGs) for healthy cardiac outputs during systole, agreeing with in vitro experiments. Regions with peak values of residence time are observed to grow with eccentricity in the sinus of Valsalva, indicating an elevated risk of thrombus formation for eccentric configurations. In addition, the computational model is used to analyze the effect of varying leaflet rigidity on both performance, thrombogenic and calcification risks with applications to tissue‐engineered prostheses. For more rigid leaflets it predicts an increase in systolic and diastolic TPGs, and decrease in systolic GOA, which translates to decreased valve performance. The peak shear rate and residence time regions increase with leaflet rigidity, but their volume‐averaged values were not significantly affected. Peak solid stresses are also analyzed, and observed to increase with rigidity, elevating risk of valve calcification and structural failure. To the authors' knowledge this is the first computational FSI model to study the effect of eccentricity or leaflet rigidity on thrombogenic biomarkers, providing a novel tool to aid device manufacturers and clinical practitioners.
IoT enabled healthcare system for predicting the diseases using feature optimization, decision tree, neural network, and fuzzy temporal rules
Authors: Sharmila Bhargavi Vijayan , Pavai Madheswari Soundararajan 
Published: September 2022

SummaryDiabetes, cancer, and heart diseases are identified to be fatal for human beings due to the lack of awareness, erratic food habits, lack of physical work and so forth. Many disease prediction systems are introduced by various researchers. However, early diagnosis of the diseases and monitoring systems are not working effectively and it increases the death rate. Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) is incorporated to collect the instant data from patient and the system makes effective decisions. Many IoT enabled healthcare systems are available for predicting the specific diseases but such effective healthcare system for measuring the severity of diabetes, cancer and heart diseases is scarce. For this purpose, a new neuro‐fuzzy model is used in the proposed IoT enabled healthcare system for disease prediction, which combines fuzzy rules with temporal features. First, it categorizes the available features of the patient records. Second, a new temporal decision tree is introduced for learning the patient records carefully and predicting the record by using the available data. Third, the fuzzy temporal decision tree calculates the relationship between the available features and also selects them as contributed features. In addition, some of the features are identified as not useful for making a final decision, and these are to be removed. Fourth, the fuzzy rules are to be generated by using the Mamdani fuzzy membership function. Finally, a new framework is proposed which is the combination of neuro‐fuzzy temporal networks, fuzzy temporal decision trees, and fuzzy temporal rules. The proposed model is evaluated by conducting experiments and proved as better than the existing systems in terms of prediction accuracy, error rate, and efficiency.
Influence of Strong Ionic Interaction on the Kinetics of Graphite Intercalation Compound Formation
Authors: Miyazaki Kohei , Mizawa Atsushi , Ito Yuta , Sagane Fumihiro , Abe Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraphite intercalation compounds (GICs) of anions have attracted much attention as a positive electrode for use in dual‐ion batteries. In this study, GICs of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA) anions were electrochemically synthesized in ionic liquids with lithium or magnesium salts to investigate the kinetics of GICs formation. By varying the concentrations of LiTFSA or Mg(TFSA)2, the activation energy of interfacial anion transfer resistance was discovered to be correlated with the viscosity of the ionic liquid electrolytes. Such a change in activation energy is unique to ionic liquids and not seen in common molecular solvent electrolytes. In addition, ionic liquids with nearly identical viscosities exhibited similar resistances and activation energies. The relationship between the viscosity of ionic liquids and the kinetic parameters of interfacial anion transfer found in this study provides important insights for the construction of dual‐ion batteries that aim for both high capacity and high rate capability.
Processing Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Waste into Functional Carbon Materials by Mechanochemical Extrusion
Authors: Xu Jialu , Duan Xiaolan , Zhang Pengfei , Niu Qiang , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the plastic pollution becoming worse, the upcycling of plastic waste into functional materials is a great challenge. Herein, a mechanochemical extrusion approach was developed for processing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste into porous carbon materials. The essence of the cyclic extrusion approach lies in the solvent‐free mixing of thermoplastic PET with pore‐directing additive (e. g., silica or zinc chloride) at the molecular level. PET waste could be upcycled into functional carbon with high surface area (up to 1001 m2 g−1), specific shapes, and preferred mechanical strength, after cyclic extrusion and carbonization. Moreover, metal species could be well dispersed onto porous carbons through solvent‐free extrusion, different from traditional loading methods (impregnation method, deposition‐precipitation method). In this manner, mechanochemical extrusion provides an alternative for upcycling plastic waste into value‐added materials.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A literature review and update
Authors: Kuroshima Shinichiro , Al‐Omari Farah A. , Sasaki Muneteru , Sawase Takashi 
Published: September 2022

SummarySince the initial description of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) almost two decades ago, the potential pathophysiology and risk factors have been elaborated on in many investigations and guidelines. However, the definitive pathophysiology based on scientific evidence remains lacking. Consequently, the optimal clinical treatment and prevention strategies for MRONJ have not been established. Despite their different mechanisms of action, many drugs, including bisphosphonates, denosumab, angiogenesis inhibitors, and other medications, have been reported to be associated with MRONJ lesions in cancer and osteoporosis patients. Importantly, MRONJ occurs predominantly in the jawbones and other craniofacial regions, but not in the appendicular skeleton. In this up‐to‐date review, the currently available information and theories regarding MRONJ are presented from both clinical and basic science perspectives. The definition and epidemiology of MRONJ, triggering medication, and histopathology are comprehensively summarized. The immunopathology and the potential pathophysiology based on immune cells such as neutrophils, T and B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are also discussed. In addition, antiangiogenesis, soft tissue toxicity, necrotic bone, osteocyte death, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms are examined. Moreover, other possible mechanisms of MRONJ development are considered based on the unique embryological characteristics, different cell behaviors between jawbones and appendicular skeleton, unique anatomical structures, and sustained bacterial exposure in the oral cavity as a basis for MRONJ site specificity. Based on the literature review, it was concluded that multiple factors may contribute to the development of MRONJ, although which one is the key player triggering MRONJ in the craniofacial region remains unknown.
Are we telling the same story? Comparing inferences made from camera trap and telemetry data for wildlife monitoring
Authors: Bassing Sarah B. , DeVivo Melia , Ganz Taylor R. , Kertson Brian N. , Prugh Laura R. , Roussin Trent , Satterfield Lauren , Windell Rebecca M. , Wirsing Aaron J. , Gardner Beth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEstimating habitat and spatial associations for wildlife is common across ecological studies and it is well known that individual traits can drive population dynamics and vice versa. Thus, it is commonly assumed that individual‐ and population‐level data should represent the same underlying processes, but few studies have directly compared contemporaneous data representing these different perspectives. We evaluated the circumstances under which data collected from Lagrangian (individual‐level) and Eulerian (population‐level) perspectives could yield comparable inference to understand how scalable information is from the individual to the population. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) collar (Lagrangian) and camera trap (Eulerian) data for seven species collected simultaneously in eastern Washington (2018–2020) to compare inferences made from different survey perspectives. We fit the respective data streams to resource selection functions (RSFs) and occupancy models and compared estimated habitat‐ and space‐use patterns for each species. Although previous studies have considered whether individual‐ and population‐level data generated comparable information, ours is the first to make this comparison for multiple species simultaneously and to specifically ask whether inferences from the two perspectives differed depending on the focal species. We found general agreement between the predicted spatial distributions for most paired analyses, although specific habitat relationships differed. We hypothesize the discrepancies arose due to differences in statistical power associated with camera and GPS‐collar sampling, as well as spatial mismatches in the data. Our research suggests data collected from individual‐based sampling methods can capture coarse population‐wide patterns for a diversity of species, but results differ when interpreting specific wildlife‐habitat relationships.
Return of the pika: American pikas re‐occupy long‐extirpated, warm locations
Authors: Millar Constance I. , Smith Andrew T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmerican pikas (Ochotona princeps), small mammals related to rabbits, occur in mountainous regions of western North America, where they live in shattered‐rock habitats (talus). Aspects of their physiology and life history create situations that appear to put pikas at risk from warming climates. Some low‐elevation, warm sites that historically harbored pikas have become extirpated, and the assumption is that these will not be re‐colonized under current climate trends. Unexpectedly, in 2021, we found that pikas had re‐colonized two very warm, low‐elevation, dry sites in eastern California, USA, in the Bodie Mountains and Mono Craters. Resident pikas appear to have been absent at both sites for ≥10 years. These findings suggest that pikas, which are normally diurnally active, are able to overcome thermal dispersal barriers and re‐colonize long‐extirpated sites, perhaps by moving during cool nights. Our data also highlight the often unrecognized suitability of pika habitat in warm regions where the interiors of taluses can remain stably cool even when external air temperatures are hot.
Another one bites the plastics
Authors: Gallitelli Luca , Zauli Agnese , Scalici Massimiliano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOld‐growth forests host a rich diversity of invertebrate assemblages. Among them, saproxylic insects play a fundamental role in the nutrient cycle and ecosystem functioning. In these environments, coevolution between insect and plants have reached a stable equilibrium over millions of years. These delicate ecosystems are threatened mainly by habitat loss and fragmentation, and to date, they have to face the new “plastic threat.” Plastics are widespread in all biomes and ecosystems accumulating throughout the years due to their low degradation rate. Once accumulated, large pieces of plastics can be degraded into smaller particles, the latter representing a great threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health, producing detrimental effects on biota. Since the effects of plastics on terrestrial systems remain largely unexplored, this study aimed at contributing to increasing the knowledge on the interaction between plastics and terrestrial biota. We put our emphasis on the novel and broad topic of plastic degradation by saproxylic beetle larvae, describing how they fragmented macroplastics into microplastics. To investigate whether saproxylic cetonid larvae could degrade expanded polystyrene, we performed an experiment. Thus, we put larvae collected in the field in an expanded polystyrene box. We observed that larvae dug in the thickness of the box fragmenting macroplastics into microplastics and producing a total of 3441 particles. Then, we removed the larvae from the EPS box and isolated them in glass jars filled with natural substrate. The substrate was checked for EPS microplastics previously ingested and now egested by larvae. Additionally, we pointed out that plastics remained attached to cetonid larvae setae, with a mean number of 30.7 ± 12.5 items. Although preliminary, our results highlighted that microplastics attached to saproxylic cetonid larvae might be transported into habitats and transferred along the food web. In conclusion, plastic pollution might affect vulnerable species and ecosystem services representing a risk also for human health.
Food metabolomics: Latest hardware—developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing
Authors: Creydt Marina , Fischer Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever‐greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far‐reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting‐edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non‐targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS‐based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
Experimental analysis of fluid‐assisted injection molding of pipe fittings with different angles by short‐shot method
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Wang Weiwei , Qi Fangwei , Lin Jun , Zhao Zhuyu , Lv Changfu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the self‐assisted injection experimental platform, experimental studies on gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM), and water‐assisted injection molding (WAIM) of 2 curved pipe fittings by adopting short‐shot method were carried out. UDF model was constructed for numerical simulation analysis. The influence rules of auxiliary medium and bending angle on the terminal morphology, inner wall surface quality at bending angle, medial and lateral residual wall thickness, variation range, and residual wall thickness deviation rate of short‐shot fluid assisted injection molding (SSFAIM) bending samples were compared. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism was investigated. The following experimental findings were obtained. SSFAIM had secondary penetration, while water produced multiple penetrations. There are multiple vacuum shrinkage pores in the unpenetrated area at the end of the SSWAIM sample, as well as serious shrinkage depressions on the surface. The shape of the penetration front of water is arc‐shaped with many penetration holes. The shape of the penetration front of the gas at the end of the SSGAIM sample is “pointy.” Compared with the SSWAIM sample, the residual wall thickness of SSGAIM has a narrow distribution range when the bending angle is 0°. With the increase of the bending angle, the “foaming” phenomenon of the inner wall surface quality at the bending angle of the SSGAIM sample becomes less and less obvious. Moreover, the deviation of the inner and outer residual wall thickness of SSGAIM is more obvious than that of SSWAIM due to the increase of bending angle.
Dynamic bedrock channel width during knickpoint retreat enhances undercutting of coupled hillslopes
Authors: Baynes Edwin R.C. , Lague Dimitri , Steer Philippe , Davy Philippe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMountain landscapes respond to transient tectonic and climate forcing through a bottom‐up response of enhanced bedrock river incision that undermines adjoining hillslopes, thus propagating the signal from the valley bottom to the valley ridges. As a result, understanding the mechanisms that set the pace and pattern of bedrock river incision is a critical first step for predicting the wider mechanisms of landscape evolution. Typically, the focus has been on the impact of channel bed lowering by the upstream migration of knickpoints on the angle, length and relief of adjoining hillslopes, with limited attention on the role of dynamic channel width. Here, we present a suite of physical model experiments that show the direct impact of knickpoint retreat on the reach‐scale channel width, across a range of flow discharges (8.3 to 50 cm3 s−1) and two sediment discharges (0 and 0.00666 g cm−3). During knickpoint retreat, the channel width narrows to as little as 10% of the equilibrium channel width, while the bed shear stress is >100% higher immediately upstream of a knickpoint compared to equilibrium conditions. We show that only a fraction of the channel narrowing can be explained by existing hydraulic theory. Following the passage of a knickpoint, the channel width returns to equilibrium through lateral erosion and widening. For the tested knickpoint height, we demonstrate that the lateral adjustment process can be more significant for hillslope stability than the bed elevation change, highlighting the importance of considering both vertical and lateral incision in landscape evolution models. It is therefore important to understand the key processes that drive the migration of knickpoints, as the localized channel geometry response has ongoing implications for the stability of adjoining hillslopes and the supply of sediment to the channel network and export from landscapes onto neighbouring depositional plains.