bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Hybrid Materials Based on Semiconductor Quantum Dots
and Graphene, Graphene Oxide, or Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Garcia-Gutierrez Domingo I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Nanostructured hybrid materials (NHMs) based on nanostructures, such as graphene or
graphene-related materials and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or nanoparticles, have attracted a
great deal of attention from the scientific community in the last decade. Their potential applications
range from more conventional optoelectronic uses (e.g., photodetectors and solar cells), passing
through the field of photocatalysis and spanning to the biotechnology arena, as they have been used
in bioimaging applications. In this perspective paper, a summary of the developments achieved in
this type of NHM is presented, along with an outlook on the main challenges that are still needed to
be overcome.
Appropriate Use of Antibiotics for the Management of Respiratory Tract
Infections
Authors: Raghav Himanshu , Tayal Prachi , Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)
cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lower respiratory tract infections are generally more
serious than upper infections. Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for patients with RTI.
Inappropriate utilization of antibiotics, specifically the broad spectrum in respiratory tract infection,
results in resistance to antibiotics. The common use of antibiotics is the prime reason for the spread of
drug-resistant bacterial strains, which not only results in expensive treatments but also causes a high
rate of morbidity and mortality due to undesired adverse effects of the drug.
A literature survey was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science search engines.
One hundred forty-five papers were retrieved, and more than 100 were included in this review.
This article describes the overview and diagnosis of respiratory tract infections and the plethora of
antibiotics that have been used in the management of RTIs.
Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an immunocompromised patient and its review of literature
Authors: Srivastava Saumya , Samaddar Arghadip , Tak Vibhor , Khan Salman , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Sharma Deepak , Ghosh Arnab , Nag Vijaya Lakshmi 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Infections caused by Nocardia spp. can occur in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Nocardiosis is a rare infection that has gained attention with its increased rate of occurrence in recent years. In India, especially in the northwest region, there is rare documentation of the pleural involvement in nocardiosis. We report here a case of pleural nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient.

Case presentation:
We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an immunocompromised individual.

Result:
Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum can be missed if ignored. So proper identification is important for early diagnosis and treatment for the benefit of the patient.

Conclusion:
A team work of a clinician and a microbiologist is important for early management.
Mitochondrial Ion Channels in Aging and Related Diseases
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Md. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Transport of materials and information across cellular boundaries, such as plasma, mitochondrial
and nuclear membranes, happens mainly through varieties of ion channels and pumps.
Various biophysical and biochemical processes play vital roles. The underlying mechanisms and
associated phenomenological lipid membrane transports are linked directly or indirectly to the cell
health condition. Mitochondrial membranes (mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and mitochondrial
inner membrane (MIM)) host crucial cellular processes. Their malfunction is often found
responsible for the rise of cell-originated diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s, neurodegenerative
disease, etc. A large number of ion channels active across MOM and MIM are known to belong
to vital cell-based structures found to be linked directly to cellular signaling. Hence, their malfunctions
are often found to contribute to abnormalities in intracellular communication, which may
even be associated with the rise of various diseases. This article aims to pinpoint ion channels that
are directly or indirectly linked to especially aging and related abnormalities in health conditions.
An attempt has been made to address the natural structures of these channels, their mutated conditions,
and the ways we may cause interventions in their malfunctioning. The malfunction of ion
channel subunits, especially various proteins, involved directly in channel formation and/or indirectly
in channel stabilization leads to the rise of various channel-specific diseases, which are
known as channelopathies. Channelopathies in aging will be discussed briefly. This mini-review
may be found as an important reference for drug discovery scientists dealing with aging-related
diseases.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Transfusion-Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors at the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center, Sana’a, Yemen, 2017
Authors: Ghaleb Yasser , Alshahar Aymn , Ali Majdi , Al Amad Mohammed , Al Serouri Abdulwahed 
Published: January 2022

Background
Yemen is facing major challenges in ensuring the safety and availability of blood transfusion to meet the increased demand due to the protracted conflict. However, transfusion-transmissible infectious agents (TTIs) such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria remain the greatest threats for blood transfusion safety in such fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of TTIs among blood donors attending the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (NBTRC) and the associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 blood donors at the NBTRC during November and December 2017. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a predesigned questionnaire that covered sociodemographic characteristics and possible TTI-associated factors. Blood samples were drawn and tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, HIV1, and HIV2 using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and syphilis and malaria antibodies were screened with rapid immunochromatographic techniques.

Results
The overall prevalence of TTIs was 8.8%, with HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria accounting for 2.5%, 1.2%, 0.3%, 1.2%, and 3.2% of all TTIs, respectively. HBV was significantly associated with a history of jaundice and cupping. Furthermore, urethro-vaginal excretion was significantly associated with syphilis, whereas malaria detection was significantly higher among donors from malaria-endemic areas. Nearly three-quarters of donations were from replacement donors who had a significantly higher TTI prevalence than that of the voluntary donors (10.4% vs 3.3%; odds ratio 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-11.6).

Conclusions
Although the prevalence of TTIs is low, they still pose a serious risk for blood recipients, especially in fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings where the needs for blood transfusion are increasing and resources are limited. Therefore, using more sensitive screening methods and establishment of a TTIs surveillance system should be considered. Efforts should be made to improve donor recruitment procedures and increase the proportion of regular and voluntary blood donation.
Evaluation of the Dengue Surveillance System in Islamabad (2019)
Authors: Saeed Sara , Chaudhry Ambreen , Mahmood Amjad , Khalid Fawad , Malik Muhammad Wasif , Ranjha Muazzam Abbas , Baig Zeeshan Iqbal , Ashraf Nosheen , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ansari Jamil A , Ikram Aamer 
Published: January 2022

Background
Dengue is a major public health threat since 2005 in Pakistan. Because of their rapid expansion and long duration, dengue epidemics reduce the productive capacity and economic development of many sections of society. Evaluation is an important step of the planning cycle to improve the utilization of resources.

Objective
The overall objective of the study is to assess how quickly the system can detect epidemics and to measure the capacity of the system to monitor trends in its geographical distribution over time.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2019 in Islamabad, Pakistan. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of system attributes were carried out according to updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems for 2001. Stakeholders were identified and approached. Four different types of semistructured questionnaires were prepared for each level of stakeholders.

Results
Simplicity was good, and case definition was uniform and easily understandable. Flexibility was poor, and the system was not capable of incorporating changes. Timeliness was excellent in terms of case reporting as well as case response by relevant stakeholders. Data entry operators were few but expert in their work; however, the quality of data remained a challenge as 40% forms were deficient in demographic and clinical information. Acceptability by the workers as well as the population was good. Sensitivity was high (87%). The predictive value positive (PVP) was excellent (76%). Stability was good in terms of finances and logistics, whereas representativeness was insufficient (only 30%).

Conclusions
The overall performance of the surveillance system for dengue in Islamabad is excellent in terms of sensitivity and the PVP. Timeliness is excellent, and acceptability is good, whereas representativeness is poor. Coverage of the system needs to be extended and private setups and laboratories included. Feedback being an important aspect of the planning cycle needs improvement.
Evaluation of a Dengue Surveillance Control Program, Yemen, Hodeiadah (2021)
Authors: Al-eryani Salwa , Altahish Ghamdan , Saeed Labibah 
Published: January 2022

Background
The number of dengue cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) increased over 8-fold over the past 2 decades, from 2.4 million in 2010 to 4.2 million in 2019. In Yemen, from January to December 2019, 59,486 suspected dengue cases and 219 deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.4% were reported. The dengue surveillance system (DSS) provides necessary information for outbreak response.

Objective
As there was an increase in the number of dengue outbreaks, especially in Hodeida, last year, this study aims to evaluate the DSS between January and March 2021 to assess its usefulness and performance and identify its strengths and weaknesses.

Methods
We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated guidelines for evaluation of surveillance systems. For data collection, desk review and interviews with stakeholders at a central level were conducted and semistructured questionnaires distributed for the sentinel site’s coordinators. Indicators were developed to evaluate the usefulness based on 8 attributes: flexibility, stability, simplicity, acceptability, sensitivity, data quality, representativeness, and overall performance. The score percentage was calculated and interpreted as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), or good (≥80%).

Results
The DSS was found to be useful (ie, using data for detecting changes in trends in morbidity and mortality). Regarding system attributes, flexibility (22.7%), stability (33.3%), sensitivity (76%), and data quality (31%) were poor, while simplicity (79%), acceptability (76%), and representativeness (65%) were average. The overall DSS performance was poor (47%).

Conclusions
The DSS was useful. Although acceptability and representativeness were average, flexibility, stability, sensitivity, and data quality were poor. Strengthening the DSS by providing basic infrastructure, ensuring sustainability, improving supplements, supervising laboratory testing for dengue fever, and expanding DSS coverage to include private health care facilities are necessary. For data quality, supervision and training are recommended.
Обоснование выбора метода операции в хирургическом лечении осложненных форм хронического панкреатита
Authors: Budzak I.Ya. 
Published: January 2022

В клинике института за период 2010–2012 гг. оперировано 43 пациента по поводу осложненных форм хронического панкреатита. На основании данных компьютерной томографии и эндоскопической ретроградной панкреатохолангиографии выделялись значимые для выбора метода операции варианты патологии поджелудочной железы. Оценка интраоперационных биопсий показала, что основным проявлением хронического панкреатита во всех случаях выступал выраженный фиброз ткани железы. При этом, если у больных с III степенью фиброза фиброзная ткань составляла 68,2–76,4 % площади поджелудочной железы, а экзокринная — 16,2–24,8 %, у больных с IV степенью фиброза соответственно 79,5–95,5 и 2,3–10,8 %. Выделены показания для выполнения органосохраняющих резекционных, резекционно-дренирующих вмешательств и изолированных, дренирующих протоковую систему поджелудочной железы операций. Удельный вес комбинированных резекционно-дренирующих вмешательств с сохранением двенадцатиперстной кишки составил 30,2 %, общая летальность — 2,3 %, количество послеоперационных койко-дней — (9,1 ± 0,8).
Морфофункціональні зміни печінки щурів з експериментальним гепатитом в умовах дисбалансу оксиду азоту
Authors: Didenko V.I. , Klenina I.A. , Rudenko A.I. , Makarchuk V.A. , Oshmianska N.Yu. , Halinskyi O.O. 
Published: January 2022

Встановлено, що через 7 днів після чотириразового введення чотирихлористого вуглецю (ССl4) в печінці щурів розвивається гострий гепатит, основою якого є переважно поширена жирова дистрофія, яка займає 40–80 % всієї площі біоптату та завжди локалізована навколо портальних трактів з найбільшим ураженням І–ІІ зони ацинусів. Морфологічні зміни в І групі супроводжувалися підвищенням активності аргінази (АР) в гомогенатах печінки щурів на 50,0 % (р < 0,01), а вміст метаболітів оксиду азоту (NОх) був зниженим на 20,0 % (р < 0,01) порівняно з контрольною групою. Також спостерігалося зниження кількості відвідуваних щурами зовнішніх квадратів на 79,4 %, а внутрішніх — на 78,3 % порівняно з конт-рольною групою (р < 0,001). Через 7 днів після одноразового введення ССl4 (ІІ група) вiдмічалася схожа з І групою морфологічна картина, але у ряді випадків зміни характеризувалися меншою інтенсивністю. Розвиток експериментального гепатиту на тлі нестачі оксиду азоту в 100 % випадків характеризувався вираженим розширенням синусоїдів по всій площині біоптату. Руйнування гепатоцитів внаслiдок жирової дистрофії мало більш локальний характер. У щурів ІІІ групи відбувалося інгібування активності АР на 22,1 % (р < 0,05) та зниження вмісту NОх на 21,5 % порівняно з контрольною групою.Розвиток гострого гепатиту на тлі надлишку оксиду азоту у 75,0 % тварин супроводжувався менш поширеною, але більш вираженою жировою дистрофією з локальними фокусами некрозу. Активність АР мала тенденцію до підвищення на 9,9 % порівняно з контрольною групою, виявлена тенденція до зниження NОх на 16,1 %, що аналогічно біохімічним показникам І групи. Тварини групи одноразового введення CCl4 на тлі 5-добового надлишку NO характеризувалися зниженою руховою і орієнтовно-дослідницькою активністю. Отримані дані свідчать про те, що нами відтворена модель гепатиту шляхом однарозового введення CCl4 на тлі надлишку NO. Це підтверджувалося характерними для гепатиту морфологічними змінами та компенсаторною відповіддю організму у вигляді підвищення активності аргінази та зменшенням вмісту метаболітів оксиду азоту в гомогенаті печінки. Одноразове введення CCl4 на фоні надлишку NO призводило до порушення як рухової активності, так і орієнтовно-дослідницької діяльності піддослідних тварин.
Loyalty program and its influence on customer loyalty on mobile service with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable
Authors: Raf Mulyadi , Syarif Agus 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze 1) the influence of loyalty program benefits on customer satisfaction, 2) the influence of loyalty program on customer loyalty, 3. the influence customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, and 4) the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the relationships of the customer loyalty program and customer loyalty to mobile service providers in Jambi City. To test the benefits of the constructs, a model was developed as a conceptual framework of the research. A total of 202 samples were collected from the mobile user population in Jambi city. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS was applied to assess the research model and to test the hypothesis. The result confirmed that the influence of loyalty program benefits directly and significantly affects customer loyalty at coefficient path 0,237 (t statistics = 2,669 < table 1, 96). Customer perceptions significantly affects customer satisfaction at coefficient path 0.625 (t statistical = 2,669 > T table 1, 96). Customer satisfaction also has a significant effect on customer loyalty at path coefficients 0.256 (t stats = 2,893 > T table = 1, 96), and it partly mediates the relationship between Loyalty Programs and customer loyalty
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN BPR
Authors: Setyawan Agustinus , Triyanti Agnes 
Published: January 2022

Banking is the one that provides services to customers, in order to create a good image of a businessman. This research aims to analyse the impact of organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior, with employee engagement as variable intervening through the impact of employee performance in Bank Perkreditan Rakyat in Batam. The difference in behaviour of each employee is a determinant of their performance in the company. Increased the competition in the banking sector, which continues to compete to create better services.
The behaviour of employee has positive and negative that can affected by colleagues around them. Positive behaviour will affect good performance for the organization and negative behaviour will become an obstacle to an organization. Based on the relationship of existing problems, this research needs to determine the effect of employee behaviour can be involved in their own performance.
Based on authors survey that people who works on Bank Perkreditan Rakyat shows employee behavior that needs to be considered in employee performance appraisal. By looking at several factors and the impact to these employees on the company. In general, the services provided to the financial services sector are important aspects of the banking sector to improve the quality of the organization.
Hypoglycemia Subtypes in Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploration of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II
Authors: Maclean Rory H. , Jacob Peter , Choudhary Pratik , Heller Simon R. , Toschi Elena , Kariyawasam Dulmini , Brooks Augustin , Kendall Mike , de Zoysa Nicole , Gonder-Frederick Linda A. , Amiel Stephanie A. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVEThe Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II) is a well-validated measure of fear of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between hypoglycemia worries, behaviors, and cognitive barriers to hypoglycemia avoidance and hypoglycemia awareness status, severe hypoglycemia, and HbA1c.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSParticipants with type 1 diabetes (n = 178), with the study population enriched for people at risk for severe hypoglycemia (49%), completed questionnaires for assessing hypoglycemia fear (HFS-II), hyperglycemia avoidance (Hyperglycemia Avoidance Scale [HAS]), diabetes distress (Problem Areas In Diabetes [PAID]), and cognitive barriers to hypoglycemia avoidance (Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycemia [A2A]). Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the HFS-II. We sought to establish clusters based on HFS-II, A2A, Gold, HAS, and PAID using k-means clustering.RESULTSFour HFS-II factors were identified: Sought Safety, Restricted Activity, Ran High, and Worry. While Sought Safety, Restricted Activity, and Worry increased with progressively impaired awareness and recurrent severe hypoglycemia, Ran High did not. With cluster analysis we outlined four clusters: two clusters with preserved hypoglycemia awareness were differentiated by low fear/low cognitive barriers to hypoglycemia avoidance (cluster 1) versus high fear and distress and increased Ran High behaviors (cluster 2). Two clusters with impaired hypoglycemia awareness were differentiated by low fear/high cognitive barriers (cluster 3) as well as high fear/low cognitive barriers (cluster 4).CONCLUSIONSThis is the first study to define clusters of hypoglycemia experience by worry, behaviors, and cognitive barriers to hypoglycemia avoidance. The resulting subtypes may be important in understanding and treating problematic hypoglycemia.
Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events From Retinal, Clinical, and Genomic Data in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Mordi Ify R. , Trucco Emanuele , Syed Mohammad Ghouse , MacGillivray Tom , Nar Adi , Huang Yu , George Gittu , Hogg Stephen , Radha Venkatesan , Prathiba Vijayaraghavan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan , Palmer Colin N.A. , Pearson Ewan R. , Lang Chim C. , Doney Alex S.F. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Improved identification of individuals with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular (CV) risk could help in selection of newer CV risk-reducing therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal vascular parameters, derived from retinal screening photographs, alone and in combination with a genome-wide polygenic risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD PRS) would have independent prognostic value over traditional CV risk assessment in patients without prior CV disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients in the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) study were linked to retinal photographs, prescriptions, and outcomes. Retinal photographs were analyzed using VAMPIRE (Vascular Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina) software, a semiautomated artificial intelligence platform, to compute arterial and venous fractal dimension, tortuosity, and diameter. CHD PRS was derived from previously published data. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between retinal vascular parameters and major adverse CV events (MACE) at 10 years compared with the pooled cohort equations (PCE) risk score.

RESULTS
Among 5,152 individuals included in the study, a MACE occurred in 1,017 individuals. Reduced arterial fractal dimension and diameter and increased venous tortuosity each independently predicted MACE. A risk score combining these parameters significantly predicted MACE after adjustment for age, sex, PCE, and the CHD PRS (hazard ratio 1.11 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.04–1.18, P = 0.002) with similar accuracy to PCE (area under the curve [AUC] 0.663 vs. 0.658, P = 0.33). A model incorporating retinal parameters and PRS improved MACE prediction compared with PCE (AUC 0.686 vs. 0.658, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Retinal parameters alone and in combination with genome-wide CHD PRS have independent and incremental prognostic value compared with traditional CV risk assessment in type 2 diabetes.