bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniformly Sized Stem Cell Spheroids for Treatment of Hind Limb Ischemia: Size Effect
Authors: Cui Lei , Luo Ying , Wang Haozheng , Chen Qianbing , Zhou Xiaoyong , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpheroid‐based cell delivery has been demonstrated as an effective strategy in stem cell therapy of critical limb ischemia. However, massive generation of uniform‐sized spheroids still remains a big challenge. In addition, how spheroid size influences its therapeutic efficacy remains an open question. Herein, patterned poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel films synthesized in situ in cell culture plates are used to generate adipose‐derived stromal cell (ADSC) spheroids. This method not only allows for the production of uniform‐sized spheroids but also large‐scale production (≈60 000 spheroids per plate). Using this method, monodisperse ADSC spheroids with three different sizes are generated to study spheroid size effect in ischemia treatment. It is found that different size spheroids exhibit different behaviors in extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and paracrine secretion. Larger spheroids express more ECM proteins. Paracrine secretion of hypoxia‐induced survival factors, anti‐apoptotic and angiogenic factors is enhanced to a larger degree in larger spheroids. Finally, using a mouse model of hind limb ischemia, it is demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of the spheroids increases with increasing spheroid size. The improved therapeutic efficacy is attributed to enhanced survival and paracrine secretion of larger spheroids, which is attributed to the higher degree of hypoxic environment of these spheroids.
Growth of High Mobility InN Film on Ga‐Polar GaN Substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Imran Ali , Sulaman Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad Abid , Qasim Muhammad , Dastgeer Ghulam , Min‐Dianey Kossi A. A. , Wang Baoyu , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of high‐speed electronic and communication devices has rapidly grown the demand for high mobility semiconductors. However, their high cost and complex fabrication process make them less attractive for the consumer market and industrial applications. Indium nitride (InN) can be a potential candidate to fulfill industrial requirements due to simple and low‐cost fabrication process as well as unique electronic properties such as narrow direct bandgap and high electron mobility. In this work, 3 µm thick InN epilayer is grown on (0001) gallium nitride (GaN)/Sapphire template under In‐rich conditions with different In/N flux ratios by molecular beam epitaxy. The sharp InN/GaN interface monolayers with the In‐polar growth are observed, which assure the precise control of the growth parameters. The directly probed electron mobility of 3610 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 is measured with an unintentionally doped electron density of 2.24 × 1017 cm‐3. The screw dislocation and edge dislocation densities are calculated to be 2.56 × 108 and 0.92 × 1010 cm‐2, respectively. The step‐flow growth with the average surface roughness of 0.23 nm for 1 × 1 µm2 is confirmed. The high quality and high mobility InN film make it a potential candidate for high‐speed electronic/optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Growth of Ultrapure Green‐Emitting FAPbBr3‐PVDF Films via a Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Wide Color Gamut Backlit Display
Authors: Yang Changbin , Niu Weifan , Chen Renjing , Pang Tao , Lin Jidong , Zheng Yongping , Zhang Ruidan , Wang Zhibin , Huang Ping , Huang Feng , Chen Daqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElaborate engineering of emitting wavelength of green down‐converter in the spectral range of ≈525–535 nm with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (fwhm < 25 nm) is an essential prerequisite for faithfully reproducing colors in the quantum dot (QD)‐based backlit display. Herein, different from the previous complex synthesis for green films, FAPbBr3 perovskite QDs films are fabricated by a dual‐additive assisted in situ growth strategy. Both C6H5CH2CH2NH3+ and 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane additives are introduced to synergistically tune green emitting (≈525–535 nm) with the narrowest fwhm down to 21 nm and the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 99%. Improved nanocomposite film with excellent long‐term stability is used to construct a prototype liquid crystal display (LCD) with a wide color gamut (118% National Television System Committee and 88% Recommendation BT 2020), a high saturation, and a remarkable color rendition. The performance is superior to that of the commercial white‐LED‐based LCD, showing a great potential of the present green film for high‐definition display application in the future.
Palladium(II) – Catalyzed Functionalization of Aromatic Amines with Aliphatic Aziridines: Direct Approach to Form O‐Aminophenethylamine Backbones
Authors: He Shuo , Chen Yujie , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Li Bao , Shi Da‐Qing , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of an ortho‐C(sp2) atom of aromatic amines with aliphatic aziridines to construct the O‐aminophenethylamine skeleton via C−H activation has been developed. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions with good substrate scope. The O‐aminophenethylamine skeleton in drugs or bioactive compounds could be generated in one step in this report.magnified image
Engineered EGCG‐Containing Biomimetic Nanoassemblies as Effective Delivery Platform for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Pengkai , Zhang Haitian , Yin Yin , Sun Meiling , Mao Shuai , Chen Huihui , Deng Yexuan , Chen Shuai , Li Shuo , Sun Beicheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNano‐based immunotherapy of therapeutic biomolecules is attractive but tremendously hampered by the poor delivery efficiency. This study reports a novel delivery system of fluorinated‐coordinative‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), referring as FEGCG/Zn, through the integration of fluorination and zinc ions (Zn2+) into EGCG. The robust therapeutics of FEGCG/Zn are measured in terms of the regulating effect on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), the effective delivery of diverse biomolecules, and the hitchhiking ability using living cells. Taking small interfering RNA of PD‐L1 (siPD‐L1) and erythrocytes as an example, the fabricated biomimetic system achieves excellent siPD‐L1 delivery and further improves siPD‐L1 accumulation in tumors. Finally, the combination of FEGCG/Zn and siPD‐L1 promotes antitumor immunotherapy through alleviation of T cells exhaustion by regulating PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells. The results demonstrate that FEGCG/Zn substantially regulates PD‐L1 expression and improves immune‐biomolecule delivery by forming biomimetic nanoassemblies, offering a versatile platform for cancer immunotherapy.
A Self‐Reconstructed Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Pseudo‐Amorphous Nickel Carbide @ Iron Oxide Network for Seawater Splitting
Authors: Zhang Hao , Geng Songyuan , Ouyang Mengzheng , Yadegari Hossein , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, a sol‐gel method is used to prepare a Prussian blue analogue (NiFe‐PBA) precursor with a 2D network, which is further annealed to an Fe3O4/NiCx composite (NiFe‐PBA‐gel‐cal), inheriting the ultrahigh specific surface area of the parent structure. When the composite is used as both anode and cathode catalyst for overall water splitting, it requires low voltages of 1.57 and 1.66 V to provide a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater and simulated seawater, respectively, exhibiting no obvious attenuation over a 50 h test. Operando Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that NiOOH2–x active species containing high‐valence Ni3+/Ni4+ are in situ generated from NiCx during the water oxidation. Density functional theory calculations combined with ligand field theory reveal that the role of high valence states of Ni is to trigger the production of localized O 2p electron holes, acting as electrophilic centers for the activation of redox reactions for oxygen evolution reaction. After hydrogen evolution reaction, a series of ex situ and in situ investigations indicate the reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the evolution of Ni(OH)2 are the origin of the high activity.
Perovskite Oxide Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Tian Mingyue , Xu Lan , Yang Ya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerovskite oxide thin film materials are used in various fields of human life due to their excellent physical properties. The high performance thin films in turn provide more convenience to human life. How to prepare high‐performance thin films is the most difficult challenge for researchers. There are multiple factors that determine the application area of thin films and influence the performance of thin films. The preparation of the material determines its structure, the structure further influences the material's performance, and the performance decides the material's application, indicating that these four factors are inextricably linked. This article reviews the preparation methods of perovskite oxide films and various factors that affect film properties, as well as basic physical properties. This paper lists the methods to improve the physical properties of thin films and the latest applications in various fields in recent years.
Integration of multiparameter flow cytometry score improves prognostic stratification provided by standard models in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Mannelli Francesco , Bencini Sara , Coltro Giacomo , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Peruzzi Benedetta , Rotunno Giada , Maccari Chiara , Gesullo Francesca , Borella Miriam , Paoli Chiara , Caporale Roberto , Mannarelli Carmela , Annunziato Francesco , Guglielmelli Paola , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrognostic modeling in myelofibrosis (MF) has classically pursued the integration of informative clinical and hematological parameters to separate patients' categories with different outcomes. Modern stratification includes also genetic data from karyotype and mutations. However, some poorly standardized variables, as peripheral blood (PB) blast count by morphology, are still included. In this study, we used multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) with the aim of improving performance of existing scores. We studied 363 MF patients with available MFC files for PB CD34+ cells count determination at diagnosis. We adapted Ogata score to MF context including 2 parameters: absolute CD34+ cells count (/μL) and granulocytes to lymphocytes SSC ratio. A score of 1 was attributed to above‐threshold values of each parameter. Accordingly, patients were categorized as MFClow (score = 0, 62.0%), MFCint (score = 1, 29.5%), and MFChigh (score = 2, 8.5%). MFClow had significantly longer median OS (not reached) compared to MFCint (55 months) and MFChigh (19 months). We integrated MFC into established models as a substitute of morphological PB blasts count. Patients were reclassified according to MFC‐enhanced scores, and concordance (C‐) indexes were compared. As regards IPSS, C‐indexes were 0.67 and 0.74 for standard and MFC‐enhanced model, respectively (Z score − 3.82; p = 0.0001). MFC‐enhanced MIPSS70+ model in PMF patients yielded a C‐index of 0.78, outperforming its standard counterpart (C‐index 0.73; Z score − 2.88, p = 0.004). Our data suggest that the incorporation of MFC‐derived parameters, easily attainable from standard assay used for CD34+ cells determination, might help to refine the current prognostic stratification models in myelofibrosis.
Workers′ compensation reported injuries among distillery industry workers, 2010–2019
Authors: Mirzaian Mira , Sanderson Wayne , Browning Steven , Bunn Terry 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify the most frequent type, nature, and cause of work‐related injuries among distillery workers and the contributing factors for these events to target interventions to reduce injuries.MethodsWorkers′ compensation first reports of injury (FROI) from the years 2010 through 2019 were obtained. Variables were created for “occupational category” and “cause of injury” for evaluation of the injurious events. The ratchet circular scan test was used to assess seasonal variation in injury, and kernel density estimation to assess rates of injury by calendar year.ResultsA total of 974 FROIs were recorded over these 10 years; 908 of the injuries resulted in lost time, 65 resulted in no lost time, and 1 resulted in a fatality. The most common injuries reported were strains or tears, lacerations, and contusions (33.4%, 14.7%, and 13.5%, respectively). The most frequent anatomical sites of injury were the shoulders, fingers, and low back area (11.8%, 11.4%, and 8.9%, respectively). Barreling operation activities experienced the greatest frequency of work‐related injury at 28.5% of all FROIs. A seasonal peak of injuries was observed during May and June.ConclusionsImplementing ergonomic and safety solutions for transportation and work tasks associated with barreling operations may significantly reduce the rate of work‐related injuries in distillery workers. Injury prevention interventions should particularly target strain or tear injuries caused by repetitive motion or bodily reaction and overexertion. Contact with objects or machinery accounted for one‐third of distillery industry FROIs.
Two Japanese patients with Noonan syndrome‐like disorder with loose anagen hair 2
Authors: Maruwaka Kaori , Nakajima Yoko , Yamada Takaharu , Tanaka Taihei , Kosaki Rika , Inagaki Hidehito , Kosaki Kenjiro , Kurahashi Hiroki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNoonan syndrome‐like disorder with loose anagen hair (NSLH) is a rare disease characterized by typical features of Noonan syndrome with additional findings of relative or absolute macrocephaly, loose anagen hair, and a higher incidence of intellectual disability. NSLH1 is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the SHOC2 gene on chromosome 10q25, and NLSH2 is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the Protein phosphatase one catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB) gene on chromosome 2p23. Protein phosphatase1 (PP1), encoded by PPP1CB, forms a complex with SHOC2 and dephosphorylates RAFs, which results in activation of the signaling cascade and contribution to Noonan syndrome pathogenesis. Here, we report two genetically confirmed Japanese patients with NSLH2 having the same de novo mutation in PPP1CB presenting prominent—hyperteloric—appearing eyes and a tall forehead similar to individuals carrying a mutation in PPP1CB, c.146C > G; p.Pro49Arg, which is different from typical facial features of Noonan syndrome. They also showed short stature, absolute macrocephaly, and loose anagen hair like NSLH1: however, growth hormone deficiency often seen in NSLH1 caused by SHOC2 mutation was absent. Although a number of Noonan syndrome and NSLH1 patients have shown blunted or no response to GH therapy, linear growth was promoted by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in one of our patients. Since another NSLH2 patient with good response to rhGH treatment was reported, rhGH therapy may be effective in patients with NSLH2.
Using palaeolimnology to guide rehabilitation of a culturally significant lake in New Zealand
Authors: Short Julia , Tibby John , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Wood Susanna A. , Lomax Neville , Puddick Jonathan , Pearman John K. , Howarth Jamie D. , Moy Christopher M. , Šunde Charlotte , Martin Reece , Li Xun , Moody Adelaine , Dahl Jenny , Shepherd Claire , McFarlane Kiely 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Lakes are becoming degraded at an accelerating rate owing to human activity, and understanding their past ecology is necessary for lake management and rehabilitation. Palaeolimnology provides numerous methods that enable the historical state of lakes to be determined. New Zealand provides an ideal setting in which to do this as human modification of the landscape occurred later here than in most regions of the world (approx. 1300 CE).
Lake Oporoa is a shallow lake that is highly significant to the local indigenous Māori community. This study used multiple proxy palaeolimnology to explore how lake ecology shifted following Māori and European settlement in the catchment, and how palaeolimnological data can be used to inform lake rehabilitation and conservation measures, alongside the desires of the indigenous community. Sedimentary pollen, diatoms, bacterial communities, and elemental and hyperspectral imaging scanning were used to infer ecological changes in the lake and catchment from pre‐human times to present.
Following Māori settlement (approx. 1620 CE) there was gradual vegetation change and a rapid shift in diatom and bacterial assemblages, but not in phytoplankton pigments or sediment geochemistry. An increasing abundance of diatom taxa Discostella stelligera and Staurosirella cf. ovata indicates early nutrient enrichment. European pastoralism from approximately 1840 CE resulted in further deforestation, and all proxies show evidence for enhanced primary productivity driven by a combination of nutrient enrichment and changing lake levels, particularly since the 1960s. This has caused degradation in water quality and is likely to have contributed to the decline in populations of tuna (eel, Anguilla spp.).
Conversations with local Māori, together with the palaeolimnological results, indicate that a culturally acceptable and realistic rehabilitation target for Lake Oporoa aligns with ecological conditions in the 1950s. The palaeoecological data provide information to guide catchment and lake revegetation and other methods of nutrient abatement, with the eventual aim of restoring culturally important tuna and native fish populations.
A spatial freshwater thermal resilience landscape for informing conservation planning and climate change adaptation strategies
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Dallas Helen F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Identifying thermal resilience hotspots in freshwater systems enables targeted conservation action, and defining relative ecosystem resilience is important for evaluating the potential consequences of climate change for aquatic ecosystems.
The thermal resilience of a river is likely to be affected by variables such as stream order, groundwater depth, flow predictability, water yield (precipitation minus evaporation) and catchment transformation.
A database of values for these variables indicating resilience against thermal stress was developed for all sub‐catchments in South Africa. Radar plots show the relative importance of the five variables potentially affecting system resilience. The resilience scores (from 0 to 1) for each variable were summed to generate a total resilience score for each sub‐catchment and used to generate a map of system resilience to thermal stress for South Africa. This was extended to show hotspots in South Africa where river systems were most likely to show high resilience.
These areas, in association with other criteria such as conservation value, provide an additional metric for prioritizing freshwater focal areas for restoration and conservation intervention, and identifying climate change refugia.
Morphological analysis of third metacarpus cartilage and subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses: An ex vivo study
Authors: Marsiglia Marilia Ferrari , Yamada Ana Lúcia Miluzzi , Agreste Fernanda Rodrigues , de Sá Lilian Rose Marques , Nieman Rodrigo Tavares , da Silva Luís Cláudio Lopes Correia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRacehorses are exposed to repetitive overload during training and competition, causing joint hyperextension, tissue fatigue, and ultimately skeletal failure. Some degree of bone changes, such as sclerosis, are expected in equine athletes, as adaptation to the biomechanical rigors of training and racing. Understanding the imaging characteristics of the equine joint surface and subchondral bone would allow earlier detection of injuries or adaptation, improving prognosis and training programs. This study sought to describe the joint surface structural patterns and the periarticular structures of the third metacarpal bone (MC3). Both forelimbs of eight horses engaged in daily training programs, aged 3–5 years, which were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, were collected. Specimens were evaluated through macroscopic inspection, radiography, ultrasonography, and microscopic examinations, such as optical microscopy and microtomography. Analysis of the microtomography images showed that 50% of the samples had higher trabecular thickness in the lateral condyle. Comparison of each imaging examination revealed that ultrasound images were most closely related to the histological examination (p = .29) in terms of sensitivity, while macroscopic and radiographic examinations differed most between evaluators. Finally, the irregularities and modifications observed in the articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone were normal adaptations of the anatomical structures of trained racehorses, which should be considered during clinical examination.
A computed tomography‐based survey of paramedullary diverticula in extant Aves
Authors: Atterholt Jessie , Wedel Mathew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAvian respiratory systems are comprised of rigid lungs connected to a hierarchically organized network of large, regional air sacs, and small diverticula that branch from them. Paramedullary diverticula are those that rest in contact with the spinal cord, and frequently invade the vertebral canal. Here, we review the historical study of these structures and provide the most diverse survey to date of paramedullary diverticula in Aves, consisting of observations from 29 taxa and 17 major clades. These extensions of the respiratory system are present in nearly all birds included in the study, with the exception of falconiforms, gaviiforms, podicipediforms, and piciforms. When present, they share connections most commonly with the intertransverse and supravertebral diverticula, but also sometimes with diverticula arising directly from the lungs and other small, more posterior diverticula. Additionally, we observed much greater morphological diversity of paramedullary airways than previously known. These diverticula may be present as one to four separate tubes (dorsal, lateral, or ventral to the spinal cord), or as a single large structure that partially or wholly encircles the spinal cord. Across taxa, paramedullary diverticula are largest and most frequently present in the cervical region, becoming smaller and increasingly absent moving posteriorly. Finally, we observe two osteological correlates of paramedullary diverticula (pneumatic foramina and pocked texturing inside the vertebral canal) that can be used to infer the presence of these structures in extinct taxa with similar respiratory systems.