bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ED 90 of Intrathecal Chloroprocaine With Fentanyl for Prophylactic Cervical Cerclage: A Sequential Allocation Biased-Coin Design
Authors: Sharawi Nadir , Tan Hon Sen , Taylor Cameron , Fuller Matthew E. , Landreth Riley A. , Diomede Olga I. , Williams Matthew , Martinello Caroline , Mhyre Jill M. , Habib Ashraf S. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Chloroprocaine is a short-acting local anesthetic that has been used for spinal anesthesia in outpatient surgery. There is limited experience with spinal chloroprocaine for prophylactic cervical cerclage placement. We sought to determine the effective dose of intrathecal chloroprocaine for 90% of patients (ED90) undergoing prophylactic cervical cerclage placement. We hypothesized that the ED90 of intrathecal chloroprocaine when combined with 10-ug fentanyl would be between 33 and 54 mg.

METHODS:
In this prospective 2-center double-blinded study, we enrolled women undergoing prophylactic cervical cerclage placement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. A predetermined dose of intrathecal 3% chloroprocaine with fentanyl 10 ug was administered. The initial dose was 45-mg intrathecal chloroprocaine. Subsequent dose adjustments were determined based on the response of the previous subject using an up-down sequential allocation with a biased-coin design. A dose was considered effective if at least a T12 block was achieved, and there was no requirement for epidural activation or intraoperative analgesic supplementation during the procedure. The primary outcome was the ED90 of intrathecal chloroprocaine with fentanyl 10 ug. Secondary outcomes included duration of surgery, anesthetic side effects, time to resolution of motor and sensory block, time to achieve recovery room discharge criteria, and patient satisfaction with anesthetic care. Isotonic regression was used to estimate the ED90.

RESULTS:
Forty-seven patients were enrolled into the study. Two patients were excluded (1 protocol violation and 1 failed block). In total, 45 patients completed the study. The estimated ED90 (95% confidence interval) for intrathecal chloroprocaine combined with fentanyl 10 ug was 49.5 mg (45.0–50.1 mg). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of surgery was 15 (10–24) minutes. Resolution of the motor (Bromage 0) and sensory block took a median time of 60 (45–90) minutes and 90 (75–105) minutes, respectively. The median time to achieve recovery room discharge criteria was 150 (139–186) minutes. Satisfaction with anesthetic management was high in all patients. There were no reports of postdural puncture headache or transient neurological symptoms postoperatively

CONCLUSIONS:
The ED90 of intrathecal chloroprocaine combined with fentanyl 10 ug was 49.5 mg. Intrathecal chloroprocaine was associated with rapid block recovery and high patient satisfaction, which makes it well suited for outpatient obstetric procedures.
Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake After Sprint-Interval Training Coincide with Increases in Central Hemodynamic Factors
Authors: MANDIĆ MIRKO , HANSSON BJÖRN , LOVRIĆ ALEN , SUNDBLAD PATRIK , VOLLAARD NIELS B. J. , LUNDBERG TOMMY R. , GUSTAFSSON THOMAS , RULLMAN ERIC 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sprint-interval training has been shown to improve maximal oxygen uptake, in part through peripheral muscle adaptations that increase oxygen utilization. In contrast, the adaptations of central hemodynamic factors in this context remain unexplored.

Purpose
The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of sprint-interval training on maximal oxygen uptake and central hemodynamic factors.

Methods
Healthy men and women (n = 29; mean age, 27 ± 5 yr; height, 175 ± 8 cm; body mass, 72.5 ± 12.0 kg) performed 6 wk of sprint-interval training consisting of three weekly sessions of 10-min low-intensity cycling interspersed with 3 × 30-s all-out sprints. Maximal oxygen uptake, total blood volume, and maximal cardiac output were measured before and after the intervention.

Results
Maximal oxygen uptake increased by 10.3% (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, plasma volume, blood volume, total hemoglobin mass, and cardiac output increased by 8.1% (276 ± 234 mL; P < 0.001), 6.8% (382 ± 325 mL; P < 0.001), 5.7% (42 ± 41 g; P < 0.001), and 8.5% (1.0 ± 0.9 L·min−1; P < 0.001), respectively. Increased total hemoglobin mass along with measures of body surface area had a significant impact on the improvements in maximal oxygen uptake.

Conclusions
Six weeks of sprint-interval training results in significant increases in hemoglobin mass, blood volume, and cardiac output. Because these changes were associated with marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake, we conclude that central hemodynamic adaptations contribute to the improvement in maximal oxygen uptake during sprint-interval training.
Genre analysis of introduction section in electrical engineering undergraduate laboratory reports
Authors: Veerappan Veeramuthu , Ahmad Mokhtarrudin , Aris Mohd Afizal , Suan Wei Hui 
Published: February 2022

Background This study examines the genre of Engineering Laboratory Reports (ELR) introduction section written by Electrical Engineering Undergraduates in a higher learning institution. The aims of this study are to identify the rhetorical moves and combinations of move patterns used by engineering students to write introduction section of ELR. Method A genre analysis was conducted to identify writing patterns and convention practices of engineering undergraduate students thus a corpus of N= 35 was selected from electrical engineering students in their final year of study. This study adopted Genre Theory as its theoretical framework, [1] analytical framework and [2] BCU approach for analysis procedure. A pilot test was conducted to determine the model that fits the best to describe moves and steps of ELR. The study benchmarks a move or step to be present in at least 60% of the reports. Results The finding shows the introduction consists of one main move which is providing background information of the experiment and followed by four subsequent steps which are reference to research purposes, reference to theoretical knowledge in the field, providing an overview of the study and identification of main research apparatus. The move 1 and all four steps identified above are viewed as conventional move and steps of introduction section only among undergraduates in academic context. The exemplification of finding pave ways to address grey areas of improvement in scientific written genre among laboratory instructors and academics. The method employed in this study may be replicated to analyse other sections of scientific and technical reports such as method, result, discussion and conclusion (MRDC). Conclusion This study posits the importance of collaboration between English for Academic (EAP) practitioners such as English-writing instructors and discipline specific specialist from engineering field to further improve on genre-based writing instruction, and to identify student learning needs.
Innovative forest products in the circular bioeconomy
Authors: Hassegawa Mariana , Karlberg Anna , Hertzberg Magnus , Verkerk Pieter Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Background: The forest-based industry has been moving towards the manufacture of bio-based products in response to the increasing concern by consumers and governments regarding the use of non-renewable materials and the generation of residues. Various innovative technologies geared towards reducing the environmental footprint of products and processes are currently being developed and applied in the forest-based industry. This study presents some innovative wood-based products that are about to enter the market or that are already being commercialized but have the potential to expand in market size. Methods: We collected data from interviews and a survey with organisations working with product development and manufacturing, and from the literature. Results: Many innovative products that are already produced at an industrial scale, such as cross-laminated timber, wood-based composites, and lyocell, can still increase their market share in the coming years. Some of the up-and-coming products with high potential to substitute fossil-based materials and will likely enter the market in the near future are wood foam, lignin-based adhesives, glycols, bioplastics, and textile fibres. Our study indicates that, although biomass demand is expected to increase, stakeholders do not consider future supply a limiting factor. Conclusions: The ease of market introduction of innovative products relies heavily on the products’ ability to take advantage of existing value chains. Overall, many of the reviewed products have the advantage of being ‘drop-in’. This is because products that require adjustments to production lines are less likely to get into the market without strong external drivers that push for bio-based alternatives. According to stakeholders, the economic viability and the market expansion of these products could be encouraged to a certain extent by EU policies, and certain barriers could be alleviated by reducing bureaucracy, increasing the support for pilot-scale to full-scale production, and increasing subsidies for bio-based alternatives.
Violência doméstica e sofrimento ético-político: redes de cuidados informais de usuárias do centro de atenção psicossocial e do centro de referência em assistência social no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Gomes da Silva Rafaela , Severo Ana Kalliny , Silva Fernandes de Medeiros Kyra Kadma , Palhares Bezerra Luiza Celeste , Nunes Pinheiro Eslia Maria 
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo objetivou identificar e discutir as redes de cuidados informais de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica, e que são usuárias de serviços de atenção especializada em saúde mental e assistência social de uma cidade do interior do Nordeste. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica adotada foi a Análise Institucional, com ênfase na pesquisa-intervenção, que permite visualizar as forças que tendem à reprodução (instituído), e as que tendem à transformação de determinado fenômeno (instituinte). Para tanto, foram realizadas, ao todo, seis rodas de conversa com os profissionais dos serviços acerca da temática da violência doméstica, e entrevistas com quatro mulheres escolhidas nas rodas de conversas. Além disso, outros instrumentos utilizados neste estudo foram o diário de pesquisa, os ecomapas e os prontuários dos serviços. Dessa maneira, a análise dos dados permitiu identificar três analisadores acercado que tem permanecido e o que tem se transformado nas redes informais de cuidado de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica. O primeiro analisador se refere à configuração da rede informal das mulheres a partir da violência doméstica; o segundo consiste na relaçãoentre a rede formal e informal; e o terceiro, nas redes quentes e vivas possivelmente construídas com a contribuição do processo de pesquisa. Destaca-se, ainda, o importante papel da rede informal como dispositivo de cuidado às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e sofrimento ético-político, na medida em que se apresenta como rede capaz de contribuir na participação e autonomia das usuárias no cuidado em saúde.
SIMULAÇÃO DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE UMA ESTUFA COM CONTROLE DA ILUMINAÇÃO POR LED´S PARA CULTIVO DE PLANTAS
Authors: Pereira da Silva Allan 
Published: February 2022

Para que determinadas plantas tenham um crescimento adequado e de qualidade, elas precisam de um ambiente propício. Estufas podem ser um lugar ideal para seudesenvolvimento com um controle efetivo de intensidade de luz, temperatura eumidade. Para um cultivador é uma tarefa muito importante e delicada escolher apotência, lúmens e o tipo de iluminação da estufa (BITTENCOURT, 2013).
Conferência das edições filológicas do Caderno Fotocopiado 1 e do Caderno Fotocopiado 2 do escritor Eulálio Motta
Authors: Meneses Passos Fabrício 
Published: February 2022

Eulálio de Miranda Motta nasceu no município de Mundo Novo-BA, em 15 de abrilde 1907 e faleceu em 15 de outubro de 1988. Farmacêutico de formação, logo mostrou interesse pela literatura, principalmente no seu período de estudo no ginásio Ipiranga.
Estudo Ab-initio das propriedades eletrônicas e ópticas dos compostos TlN e TlAs submetidos à pressão hidrostática
Authors: Santos Almeida Joseane 
Published: February 2022

Os compostos III-V tem sido amplamente estudados devido a propriedades que enquadram-se para fabricação de dispositivos eletronicos e optoeletronicos, como diodos emissores de luz e fotodectores (Mazouz, 2010).
ARISTÓTELES NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA
Authors: Santos Xavier Vinícius Fernando 
Published: February 2022

No segundo volume de sua História da Filosofia Antiga, Giovanni Reale afirma queAristóteles e suas ideias são alvo de “aversões e desprezos [...] indiscriminados,hostilidades irracionais e viscerais verdadeiramente absurdas, e não só no âmbito dos teóricos, mas até mesmo no dos historiadores” (1994, p. 496).
High-peak-power pump-modulated quasi-CW fiber laser
Authors: Hong Zhejian , Wan Yingchao , Xi Xiaoming , Zhang Hanwei , Wang Xiaolin , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2022

Quasi-continuous wave (CW) laser output with high peak power and high energy is preferred in some industrial applications. Due to the non-linear effects and transverse mode instability, such high-peak-power laser output is difficult to achieve via monolithic fiber lasers in CW mode. For diode-pumped monolithic fiber lasers, by applying overshoot pulse modulation to the pumping diodes, we obtain a pulse laser output with a peak power much higher than that in CW mode. In this paper, it has been theoretically studied that stable pulses with the width of µs level can be generated with quasi-CW operation without distortion according to our simulation. We also experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional pumped quasi-CW monolithic fiber laser operating in CW and pulse modes. In quasi-CW mode, by applying overshoot pulse modulation to the diodes, with a frequency of 1 kHz and a pulse width of 100 µs, the peak power of the output laser reached 9713 W with an average power of 898 W and

M

2

of 2.4 and 2.3 in the two orthogonal directions, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first quasi-CW fiber laser of a 10-kW level with the

M

2

level of 2.
Treatment outcomes among snakebite patients in north-west Ethiopia—A retrospective analysis
Authors: Steegemans Inge , Sisay Kassaye , Nshimiyimana Ernest , Gebrewold Gashew , Piening Turid , Menberu Tessema Endale , Sahelie Birhanu , Alcoba Gabriel , Gebretsadik Fikre Seife , Essink Dirk , Collin Simon , Lucero Emiliano , Ritmeijer Koert 
Published: February 2022

Background
Millions of people are bitten by venomous snakes annually, causing high mortality and disability, but the true burden of this neglected health issue remains unknown. Since 2015, Médecins Sans Frontières has been treating snakebite patients in a field hospital in north-west Ethiopia. Due to the poor market situation for effective and safe antivenoms for Sub-Saharan Africa, preferred antivenom was not always available, forcing changes in choice of antivenom used. This study describes treatment outcomes and the effectiveness and safety of different antivenoms used.

Methodology / Principal findings
This retrospective observational study included 781 snakebite patients presenting at the field hospital between 2015 and 2019. Adjusted odds ratios, 95%-CI and p-values were used to compare the treatment outcome of patients treated with Fav-Afrique (n = 149), VacSera (n = 164), and EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP (n = 156) antivenom, and to identify the risk of adverse reactions for each antivenom. Whereas only incidental snakebite cases presented before 2015, after treatment was made available, cases rapidly increased to 1,431 in 2019. Envenomation was mainly attributed to North East African saw-scaled viper (Echis pyramidum) and puff adder (Bitis arietans). Patients treated with VacSera antivenom showed lower chance of uncomplicated treatment outcome (74.4%) compared to Fav-Afrique (93.2%) and EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP (90.4%). VacSera and EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP were associated with 16- and 6-fold adjusted odds of treatment reaction compared to Fav-Afrique, respectively, and VacSera was weakly associated with higher odds of death.

Conclusions / Significance
Snakebite frequency is grossly underreported unless treatment options are available. Although EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP showed favorable outcomes in this retrospective analysis, prospective randomized trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the most promising antivenoms for Sub-Saharan Africa. Structural investment in sustained production and supply of antivenom is urgently needed.
Scenarios of the Foreign Investments in the Sectors and Areas Promoting Development of the Tourism Sector
Authors: Tsintsadze Asie , Diasamidze Natia 
Published: February 2022

The role of direct investments is important for the development of the fields promoting the tourism sector. The aim of the article is to assess, based on the examples of other countries, what field of the tourism sector needs development and what methods could be applied in Georgia for its promotion. How can tax liberalism promote such a hotel direction as “apart -hotel” status which is growing despite the COVID situation. By investing in apart-hotel, a person receives not only a highly profitable investment asset, but also a flexible financial instrument. The analyses of various investment scenarios will reveal the model of efficient use of the country’s investment and resource potential which will be aimed at the development of the sector via investment in the field development promoting the tourist sector development.
Spatial distribution analysis of seismic activity based on GMI, LMI, and LISA in China
Authors: Cao Ziyi , Zhang Heng , Liu Yan , Liu Shan , Feng Lijing , Yin Lirong , Zheng Wenfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, all kinds of geological disasters happen frequently on the earth. In China, there are countless earthquakes every year, which greatly affect the country’s economic level and development as well as the people’s life and health. The analysis of seismic activity is becoming more and more significant. In this article, the spatial distribution of China’s seismic activities was analyzed by using the provincial seismic data from 1970 to 2013. On the basis of spatial autocorrelation analysis theory, Global Moran’s I, Local Moran’s I, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association are used to measure the geospatial distribution characteristics of China’s seismic activities. The research results show that earthquakes in mainland China have significant global autocorrelation characteristics as a whole, and the global autocorrelation coefficients are all positive. And the Z-value test (P < 0.05) shows that earthquakes in mainland China present a spatial agglomeration pattern. Furthermore, we observed a reduction trend in disparities of seismic activity among regions in China.
Charakterisierung von Dual-Phasen- und TRIP-Stählen mittels Nanohärte und Röntgendiffraktometrie
Authors: Angeli Johann , Kneissl Albert C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Es wurden die Härten für die Phasen Ferrit, Martensit und angelassener Martensit an DP-Stählen, sowie für Ferrit und Bainit an TRIP-Stählen ermittelt. Die Ferrithärten von DP- und TRIP-Stählen unterscheiden sich und liegen bei 3,0 bzw. 3,7 GPa. Angelassener Martensit zeigt ca. 6,5 GPa, nichtangelassener Martensit, je nach Kohlenstoffgehalt, ca. 8,5 bzw. 11,5 GPa. Bainit in TRIP-Stählen hat eine Härte von etwa 7,5 GPa.
Über Röntgendiffraktometrie wurden die Volumenanteile von Restaustenit und dessen Kohlenstoffgehalt über die Gitteraufweitung bestimmt. Die Restaustenitanteile betragen ca. 4 Vol.-% bei der DP-Variante und ca. 7 Vol.-% bis 14 Vol.-% bei den TRIP-Varianten. Der Kohlenstoff im Restaustenit wurde an den TRIP-Varianten mit 0,9 Ma-% bis 1,1 Ma-% ermittelt. Dabei ist der Einfluss der Legierungselemente Al und Si auf die Gitteraufweitung zu berücksichtigen.
Welcoming the Centenary of the University of Lithuania in Kaunas: Higher Courses, the Beginning of the Development of Academic Surgery, it’s First Heads
Authors: Saladžinskas Žilvinas 
Published: February 2022

The origins of higher education in Kaunas began in 1919, during a difficult period for the country, during the struggle for its independence. The young state of Lithuania laid the first foundations of higher education and sought to restore the health care system.
The article presents a brief history of the establishment of a higher school in Kaunas, the establishment of higher medical courses and a university. One of the initiators of this work, along with other prominent Lithuanians, was the famous surgeon and public figure at the time Juozas Žemgulys.
The emergence of the first departments of surgery at the then University of Lithuania in Kaunas and the beginning of their work is reviewed, the first supervisors Janis Dzirne, Hans Boit, Aleksandr Hagentorn are presented. They significantly contributed to the development of surgery in the country, helped to grow a new generation of Lithuanian surgeons.
Análisis de la relación Estado moderno y capital: aproximaciones metodológicas
Authors: Fallas Jiménez Yessenia Isabel 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: Este texto forma parte de los resultados del proyecto de Investigación Fundamentos históricos de la génesis del Estado moderno y su relación con la producción capitalista. Esta investigación permitió indagar las determinaciones históricas que conforman la relación entre Estado moderno y capital, entendiendo que la configuración de los elementos que permitieron la ascensión del capital requirieron de la existencia de una estructura política que acompañara el proceso de acumulación.
Objetivo: uno de los objetivos específicos de la investigación establece lo siguiente: “Elaborar una propuesta de fundamentación teórica para la comprensión crítica acerca de la producción capitalista, el Estado moderno y la relación histórica entre ambos”. Como derivación de este objetivo se estudiaron algunos elementos de carácter metodológico que orientan el análisis del Estado y su relación con la producción capitalista.
Método: dada la naturaleza de la investigación, se recurrió al análisis de fuentes secundarias orientadas a la discusión de los procesos históricos referidos al Estado y a la producción capitalista, así como a bibliografía propia de la producción teórica marxista para identificar los debates existentes.
Resultados: específicamente en este artículo se expondrán las reflexiones sobre aspectos metodológicos que como resultado del propio proceso de investigación, se convierten en propuestas de abordaje y comprensión de ambas categorías.
Conclusiones: de esta investigación se desprende la necesidad de entender los objetos de estudio a partir de procesos históricos más amplios, identificando la forma en que las mediaciones con la historia general se configuran como constituyentes contradictorios de dichos objetos.
Effects of various preservation treatments on diversity and abundance of microbial community in rice product (MiBa) during storage
Authors: Li X.R. , Yu L.J. , Chen R.D. , Peng S. , Liang X.R. , Zhong W. , Pu H.M. , Fang F. , Li H. , Wang L.F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To determine the most effective preservation method for MiBa (a traditional Chinese rice product), MiBa treated with 75% alcohol, 75% alcohol + inhibitor, ozone treatment; untreated (control); and raw rice were subjected to 16S rRNA gene and ITS three-generation sequencing by High-throughput Sequencing Technology. According to the results the preservation effects of different treatment methods ranked as follows: ozone treatment >75% alcohol treatment >75% alcohol+inhibitor > control. Bacterial composition analysis showed that the bacterial community on the surface of MiBa treated with ozone was dominated by genera Leuconostoc and Serratia. The fungal community consisted mainly of Aspergillus and Alternaria. In summary, ozone treatment proved to be the most effective in inhibiting microbial contamination during the storage of MiBa, effectively extending its shelf life.