bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental chorioangioma with an emphasis on rare giant placental chorioangioma and associated maternal and perinatal outcome: Clinicopathological study in a single centre
Authors: Vig Tanush , Tirkey Richa S. , Jacob Smitha E. , Manoj Kumar Ramani , Yenuberi Hilda , Rathore Swati , Mahasampath Gowri 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context:
Giant placental chorioangiomas (GPC) are exceedingly rare and harbour potential to cause feto-maternal complications with resultant morbidity.

Aims & Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study using details from Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pathology is done to study the various clinical and pathological features of placental chorioangiomas with a special emphasis on the rare GPCs and associated complications.

Results:
Over a period of 16 years, 20 cases were diagnosed as chorioangioma in our institution. 60% of these occurred in primigravida (n=12) and 71% cases carried a female foetus. Only 25% cases were > 30 years. Maternal and foetal complications occurred in 85% and 50% cases. Pre-term labour was the common maternal complication and foetal death/stillbirth was the most common foetal complication. There were 15 cases of GPC, 73% occurred in primigravida (n=11) and 75% of cases carried a female foetus. There were no cases of maternal death or recurrence. Primigravidity was associated with maternal complication in contrast to multigravidity (P = 0.049). Mean age of mothers with maternal complications and those without maternal complications reached statistical significance (P = 0.001). Though histologically all the cases were similar, calcification and infarction were seen exclusively in GPC cases.

Conclusion:
GPCs are rare and our data adds evidence to use 4cm as an optimum cut-off in the definition. GPCs were associated with a high percentage of primigravidity, female foetus, and poorer outcome of pregnancy. Routine examination of placenta in unexplained foetal/perinatal demise must be stressed to detect microscopic evidence of chorioangioma.
Prevalence and associated factors for awareness of hypertension in India: Findings from national survey-4
Authors: Grover Ashoo , Venkatesh U. , Ghai Glory , Babu Vignitha , Aggarwal Sumit , Singh Ravinder , Chinnakali Palanivel , Kishore Jugal , Singh Mahendra Pratap , Goel Sonu , Durga R , Yashwanth R D , Kishore Surekha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Despite the fact that hypertension is increasing, merely 50% are aware of the disease. Being aware of hypertension is important to control it.

Aim:
The study’s objective was to estimate the level of hypertension awareness in India and explore its associated sociodemographic factors.

Materials and Methods:
The data collected in National Family Health Survey 4 (2015–2016) among men aged 15–54 years and women aged 15–49 years were analyzed. Taking awareness of hypertension as an outcome variable, descriptive analysis, and multivariable logistic regression model were performed, by gender.

Results:
Of 1,41,215 hypertensive individuals analyzed, 34.7% of men and 53.6% of women were aware of being hypertensive. The control among those aware was 67.1% in men and 74.6% in women. The awareness varied among states ranging from 29.6% in Chhattisgarh to 75.6% in Tamil Nadu. The multivariable logistic regression model explained the awareness of hypertension in males increased with age (odds ratios [OR]: 0.226 for 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.139–0.366 for 25–29 years of age increased to 0.599 for 95% CI: 0.48–0.74 for 40–44 years of age), education (OR of 0.66 for 95% CI: 0.51–0.85 for primary increased to 0.69 for 95% CI: 0.54–0.89 for secondary school level), and wealth status (OR of 0.407 for 95% CI: 0.309–0.535 for poor wealth quintile increased to 1.030 for 95% CI: 0.863–1.230 for the richest wealth quintile). For women, the awareness increased with age (OR of 0.306 for 95% CI: 0.119– 0.791 for the age of 20–24 years increased to 0.736 for 95% CI: 0.570–0.951 for the age of 45–49 years) and wealth status (OR of 0.28 for 95% CI: 0.18–0.44 for poor wealth quintile increased to 1.262 for 95% CI: 0.859–1.855 for the richest wealth quintile).

Conclusion:
Improving access to hypertension screening and awareness especially among men, with lower wealth and younger age is needed.
Hypertension among women in reproductive age in India: Can we predict the risk? An analysis from National Family Health Survey (2015–2016)
Authors: Bhimarasetty Madhavi Devi , Pamarthi Kiran , Prasad Kandipudi Kesava Lakshmi , Padmasri Yalamanchili , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Khanna Poonam , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension in women of reproductive age group is of special concern because of the vulnerability of women to pregnancy-induced hypertension apart from socio-cultural vulnerability.

Aim:
The objective of the study was to identify the predictors for hypertension among Indian women and to develop a risk score which would provide an opportunity for early detection and appropriate action.

Material and Methods:
This study was based on the data collected in National Family Health Survey in 2015–2016. Women in India of 15–49 years were the study population. Data were analysed using SPSS v17. Logistic regression analysis was carried and expressed as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals to identify predictors of hypertension. The risk score for hypertension was developed after shrinkage of variables and by using regression coefficients obtained by standard Logistic Regression Model.

Results:
Among 6,87,230 women between 15 and 49 years, 77,788 (11.3%) were hypertensive. The study results revealed that there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension (26.5%) with increasing age, and with increasing weight (23.4%). Urban areas (12.3% vs 10.9%), alcoholics (19.2%) and various forms of tobacco users (14.8%) had more prevalence of hypertension.

Conclusion:
Age, residing in urban area, consuming tobacco products, consumption of alcohol, non-vegetarian diet and overweight, were found to be the significant predictor variables, and were used to develop the Risk Prediction score using logistic regression model.
Online survey to assess computer vision syndrome in children due to excessive screen exposure during the COVID 19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Manika Manika , Jajoo Mamta , Upadhyay Ashish Datt 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the normal daily routine activities of children were restricted as a result of the need to stay indoors. Consequently, children were forced to attend online classes provided by their educational institutions at their homes. Due to the subsequent increased screen exposure, children have started complaining of blurred vision, headache, and symptoms related to computer vision syndrome (CVS), predisposing them to myopia.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of CVS symptoms, such as blurring of vision, headache, and watery eyes in children, due to increased screen time during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This was a non-randomized, questionnaire-based study conducted at the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The participants were parents of children aged between 6 and 16 years attending regular school. Enrolled parents were interviewed through a Google Form after completing the online consent in English. Eligible participants were recruited by a circulation of this form through multiple groups on social media, namely, WhatsApp and email.

Results:
A total of 145 parents participated in the study. The children were classified according to the duration of exposure to digital devices ranging from less than 2 h to less than 6 h daily. There was a significant association between the increase in the number of activities and the development of CVS symptoms in children (r = 0.15; P = 0.036).

Conclusion:
COVID-19 lockdown has largely affected the lifestyle of school-going children by significantly decreasing their outdoor activities and increased online exposure to screen, thus predisposing them to myopia, ocular ill health, and increased dry eye symptoms. Increased exposure to online screen was detected during this lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic; this strongly supports the recommendation to decrease the number of hours of online screen exposure and encourages students to regularly get engaged in outdoor activities.
COVID-19 and Saudi medical students: A cross-sectional study on knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perception
Authors: Altuwaijri Naif R. , Almatroudi Mohammed A. , Alodhaibi Ibrahim A. , Alnader Raghad Y. , Alhabdan Soltana M. , Aloriney Abdulmalik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
The knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perception of the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers can affect virus transmission and control. As the primary individuals in contact with infected patients, health care workers risk infection. There are a few studies on the knowledge and self-practice prevention for COVID-19 among medical students.

Objectives:
This study evaluated the COVID-19-related knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perceptions among medical students and interns.

Methods:
This study used a quantitative cross-sectional evaluation of the Saudi Arabian medical students utilizing a previously published online survey in 2020.

Results:
The study questionnaire was completed by 474 respondents. The average knowledge and preventive behavior score was significantly lower in males. The reported source of information showed a statistically significant association with knowledge and was higher in the respondents who reported world health organization (WHO)/centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)/UpToDate as their main source of information. The National Guidelines of the Ministry of Health was the second source to be reported for seeking information. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the knowledge and preventive measures scores. The respondents who did not follow any information regarding COVID-19 had significantly lower knowledge and preventive behavior scores than those obtaining knowledge from sources. The preventive behavior score was not significantly different between clinical and pre-clinical students.

Conclusion:
This study assessed the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of COVID-19 following the onset of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia, indicating an acceptable level of undergraduate students’ knowledge regarding the epidemic and its control measures.
Understanding community perception and disability weights – A qualitative exploration of reasons associated with values in two states of India
Authors: Nanda Lipika , Lobo Eunice , Anilkumar Aiswarya , Akhouri Shuchi Sree , Srinivas Nallala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Health state valuation attempts to evaluate health states based on the perception of individuals. The values are used to derive disability weights (DWs) —an important metric for estimation of disability-adjusted life years and thereby calculation of the burden of diseases. Several studies have calculated DWs using different methods of valuation, however, very few have attempted to explore the underlying cause for assigning values to different health states. This study aims to document the perceptions, preferences, and social context in assigning DWs to given health states.

Methods:
A total of 42 community members and 21 service providers (from public and private sectors) across urban and rural Odisha and Telangana were interviewed between July to September 2018. A face-to-face in-depth interview and a rank ordering technique through card sort exercise was employed to explore reasons and perceptions of individuals in the context of health states using the thematic framework approach.

Findings:
Six themes emerged through analysis: awareness of the health state, nature of the disease, disease consequences, treatment-related issues, social implications, and case burden. Each theme captured an individual’s reason for valuing one health state as different from the other, with differences and/or similarities between community members and service providers.

Conclusion:
Our study provides a comprehensive comparison between contrasting groups of individuals, thereby suggesting mere acceptance of ‘experts’ reasoning may not always suffice. Further research studies in the future need to be conducted for a better insight into the health perspective of a culturally diverse community. It can also help estimate the burden of disease for decision making and resource allocation in developing countries.
Perceptions and practice of physicians treating HIV patients in the private sector in India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Pant Rashmi , Valan A. S. , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Allam Ramesh R. , Chowdavarapu Prabakar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To understand the perceptions of the private HIV physicians regarding HIV case management and reporting practices followed by the National AIDS Control Programme, India.

Methods:
We conducted this cross-sectional study among 142 private practitioners attending Chennai ART Symposium 2017, from five south Indian states. We used a pre-structured questionnaire to collect information on demography, qualification, the number of HIV patients treated, ART regimen, and the reporting practices. EpiInfo 7.2 was used for data analysis.

Results:
Out of the 142 private practitioners, 89 (63%) responded. All respondents had diagnosed and/or treated at least 10 HIV patients in the past 12 months. About 42% of respondents reported attending an orientation program on ART by the State AIDS Control Society (SACS). Seventy percent of respondents were aware of the National AIDS Control Organization’s (NACO) Public Private Partnership (PPP) initiative for private clinics, and 44% (39) reported sharing monthly reports with SACS. However, 77% of physicians were not interested to enroll due to increased paperwork and complicated reporting mechanisms.

Conclusion:
Private sector physicians treating People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are aware of NACO guidelines and reporting mechanisms. A simplified reporting process and an engaging platform are needed to facilitate reporting.
Client satisfaction among HIV positive and HIV negative attendees in a military hospital in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ogbo-Okeke Ivy Ifeoma , Ogunyemi Adedoyin , Olubodun Tope 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
In the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other diseases, client satisfaction is of utmost importance as it improves hospital visits, and thus, allows sustainable decline in the prevalence rates. The aim of this study was to compare client satisfaction among HIV-positive and HIV-negative clients in a military secondary health center.

Methods:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in a military hospital, among 200 HIV-positive and 200 HIV-negative patients, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data analysis was done with the SPSS version 20 software. The comparison of satisfaction with the quality of healthcare between HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects was assessed using Chi-square tests.

Results:
A higher proportion of HIV-positive respondents (40.5%) than HIV-negative respondents (13.0%) answered in the affirmative that healthcare workers were unwilling to care for them (P = < 0.001). Ninety-seven percent of the HIV-positive respondents and 71.5% of the HIV-negative respondents felt satisfied with how warmly they were received at the clinics (P = <0.001). Ninety-three percent of the HIV-positive respondents and 79.8% of the HIV-negative respondents were satisfied with the client confidentiality (P = <0.001). Regarding the overall client satisfaction, 68.0% of the HIV-positive respondents were satisfied while 45.5% of the HIV-negative respondents were satisfied (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Overall, the HIV-positive clients were more satisfied than the HIV-negative clients. Efforts should be made to ensure that client satisfaction does not decline among the HIV population but should be optimized.
Determinants of quality of life of geriatric population in rural block of Haryana
Authors: Rajput Meena , Pinki  , Shiba  , Kumar Sunil , Ranjan Ravish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
The quality of life (QOL) of the geriatric population in India is an important issue because of the lack of social security schemes and dilution of Indian culture which ensures due care and regard to the elderly. The primary health care physicians have to face more challenges in handling the elderly patients in comparison to the younger patients because the elderly have more physiological and emotional problems along with medical conditions and illnesses which, in turn, affect their QOL. The study aims to find out the determinants that affect the QOL of the elderly in a rural area of Haryana.

Material and Methods:
This observational study with a cross-sectional design was carried out among 400 elderly (60 years and above) in a rural area of district Jhajjar, Haryana. The world health organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) scale was used. Data entry and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.

Results:
The mean score of the environmental domain was the highest (62.72 ± 14.18), followed by the physical health domain (60.77 ± 15.82). Education, age group, caste, marital status, occupation, and socioeconomic status exhibited significant relationships with different domains of QOL.

Conclusions:
With the advancement of age, QOL deteriorates. Higher education and higher socioeconomic status of the study participants help them to live a better QOL. Those participants who were married and were busy in any kind of work experienced a better QOL.
Comparison of the outcomes of normal vaginal delivery with and without spinal anesthesia in mothers admitted to the maternity ward of Firoozabadi Hospital
Authors: Larijani Samaneh Saghafian , Niksolat Maryam , Mirfakhraee Hosna , Rahimi Maryam , Asadi Shima , Mahdavynia Soheila , Mousavi Ashraf , Larijani Roshana Saghafian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction and Objective:
The study of the methods of controlling labor pain is very important. One of the methods of pain relief is spinal anesthesia. Due to the different opinions about the effects of spinal anesthesia on the delivery process and maternal and fetal consequences, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of spinal anesthesia and compare it with normal vaginal delivery without spinal anesthesia.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, 120 mothers, who were admitted to the maternity ward of Firoozabadi Hospital for delivery, were examined. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups of 60 people, one group receiving spinal anesthesia and one without spinal anesthesia, and then, were evaluated in terms of clinical variables and complications of the mother and fetus. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

Results:
The mean age of the mothers was 26.6 ± 5.9 years. Five mothers (4.2%) who received spinal anesthesia underwent emergency cesarean section and a significant difference was shown between the two groups (P = 0.02). The mean duration of the active phase of labor did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.2), but the duration of the second phase of labor was significantly longer in the mothers who received spinal anesthesia (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Spinal anesthesia can be used as a low-complication method in vaginal delivery to reduce pain.
Incidence of mortality and its predictors among patients with head injury admitted to adult intensive care unit at AaBET and ALERT hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Aregago Gezehagn , Gishu Teshome , Getaneh Ermias , Tirore Lire Lemma , Abame Desta Erkalo , Meskele Simeon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic head injury, referred to as the “silent epidemic”, remains a growing public health concern and the leading cause of mortality in young adults, with a disproportionate burden of disability and death occurring in low-income and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, estimates of the traumatic brain injury burden from low and middle-income countries are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess outcome and its associated factors among patients with head injury admitted to the Adult Intensive care unit at AaBET and ALERT hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods:
Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at AaBET and ALERT hospitals from February 01, 2019 to January 30, 2020. All head injury patients’ records were reviewed. A structured checklist was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with death among head injury patients.

Result:
Out of 205 patients, 178 (86.8%) improved, while 27 (13.2%) died. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of head injury (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 46.3%). Patients with pulse rate admission (AOR = 1.49), NA + level (3.48), type of head injury (AOR = 3.67), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 4.70) were significant predictors of death among patients with head injuries.

Conclusion:
The incidence of death among head injury patients was 13.2% (27). Road traffic accident was the leading cause of head injury. Pulse rate, plasma sodium level, penetrating head injury, being on a mechanical ventilator were predictors of death among traumatic head injury (THI) patients treated for head injuries. Prevention of road traffic accidents and continuous awareness creation about the consequences of a road traffic accident is recommended.
Evaluation of demographic and rare clinical characteristics of patients with thoracic carcinoid tumor in Razi and Aria Hospitals of Rasht during 2006-2016
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Manouchehr , Asgary Mohammad Reza , Fomani Ali Alavi , Jafarinegad Alireza , Tangestaninejad Azita , Asli Hossein Hosseinzadeh , Khan beige Maryam Ahmad , Asli Rastin Hosseinzadeh , Asgari Mohammad Madi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Carcinoid tumors are malignant neoplasms of neuroendocrine cells. This study tended to evaluate the demographic and rare clinical characteristics of patients with thoracic carcinoid tumor during 2006-2016 at Razi and Aria Hospitals in Rasht.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was performed on records of 43 patients with lung carcinoid tumors referred to Razi and Aria Hospitals of Rasht during 2006-2016. Information on age, gender, rare clinical symptoms, smoking history, diagnosis tools, treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

Results:
Of 43 patients treated with definitive diagnosis of carcinoid tumor pathology, 31 patients had typic carcinoid tumor and 12 patients with atypic carcinoma (mean age 43.14 ± 15.16 years). The most common clinical symptom was cough and hemoptysis. Two cases presented with cushing syndrome, The most common diagnostic method in this study was simultaneous use of both CT scans and bronchoscopy. In 95.3% of cases, the tumor was pulmonary and in 4.7% of cases, it was extrapulmonary. Right lower lobe was the most common site of tumors and most of the surgeries used were lobectomy.

Conclusion:
This study showed that the most common clinical sign of thoracic carcinoid is cough and the tumor is pulmonary in 95.3% of cases. Right lower lobe was the most common site of tumors and most of the surgeries used were lobectomy. outcome was good.