bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science and user‐based co‐development of a farmland earthworm survey facilitated using digital media: Insights and policy implications
Authors: Stroud Jacqueline L. , Goulding Keith W. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScience–farming partnerships can improve our understanding of how land management behaviours sustain or enhance life‐sustaining soil ecosystems. However, it remains a challenge to establish partnerships between researchers and practitioners that complement the ways in which farmers acquire and value knowledge and can also advance soil science. A pilot study was conducted to explore these issues in relation to earthworm monitoring. It showed that farmers were interested in comparing their field results to research experiments to inform their decision‐making. Social media was used to support farmers' earthworm monitoring schemes, with a concomitant sampling of research experiments to create capacity for shared learning. Constructive feedback from the scientific community was sought using an online questionnaire. An Autumn 2018 survey generated 152 field analyses from farmlands in England, and 48% of participants' fields and the research experiment showed no evidence for earthworms being widespread and/or the presence of all three ecological groups of earthworms. A Spring 2019 survey generated earthworm population data from farmland soils around the world, amassing 11,464 earthworms assessed over 2,200 ha in the UK. A total of 12 scientists (from 30 questionnaire invitations) volunteered their time and expertise to support the survey. Conclusions helped to prioritise future improvements in earthworm monitoring, which should include photographs of earthworms for verification of the data, long‐term monitoring and integration with soil properties. Most (83%) perceived this earthworm survey would likely improve farmland soil health and so would recommend its use in the UK. The survey is being independently taken forward and used as a metric by both private and public stakeholders, demonstrating authentic knowledge transfer in soil science.
Senicapoc treatment in COVID‐19 patients with severe respiratory insufficiency—A randomized, open‐label, phase II trial
Authors: Granfeldt Asger , Andersen Lars W. , Vallentin Mikael F. , Hilberg Ole , Hasselstrøm Jørgen B. , Sørensen Lambert K. , Mogensen Susie , Christensen Steffen , Grejs Anders M. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Kristiansen Klaus T. , Strøm Thomas , Johansen Isik S. , Schjørring Olav L. , Simonsen Ulf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to determine if treatment with senicapoc, improves the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in patients with COVID‐19 and severe respiratory insufficiency.MethodsInvestigator‐initiated, randomized, open‐label, phase II trial in four intensive care units (ICU) in Denmark. We included patients aged ≥18 years and admitted to an ICU with severe respiratory insufficiency due to COVID‐19. The intervention consisted of 50 mg enteral senicapoc administered as soon as possible after randomization and again after 24 h. Patients in the control group received standard care only. The primary outcome was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h.ResultsTwenty patients were randomized to senicapoc and 26 patients to standard care. Important differences existed in patient characteristics at baseline, including more patients being on non‐invasive/invasive ventilation in the control group (54% vs. 35%). The median senicapoc concentration at 72 h was 62.1 ng/ml (IQR 46.7–71.2). The primary outcome, PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h, was significantly lower in the senicapoc group (mean 19.5 kPa, SD 6.6) than in the control group (mean 24.4 kPa, SD 9.2) (mean difference −5.1 kPa [95% CI −10.2, −0.04] p = .05). The 28‐day mortality in the senicapoc group was 2/20 (10%) compared with 6/26 (23%) in the control group (OR 0.36 95% CI 0.06–2.07, p = .26).ConclusionsTreatment with senicapoc resulted in a significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 72 h with no differences for other outcomes.
Cytochrome P450 2E1‐dependent hepatic ethanol metabolism induces fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and steatosis
Authors: Attal Neha , Marrero Emilio , Thompson Kyle J. , McKillop Iain H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatic steatosis is an early pathology of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Fatty acid‐binding protein‐4 (FABP4, a FABP not normally produced in the liver) is secreted by hepatocytes in ALD and stimulates hepatoma proliferation and migration. This study sought to investigate the mechanism[s] by which hepatic ethanol metabolism regulates FABP4 and steatosis.MethodsHuman hepatoma cells (HepG2/HuH7) and cells stably transfected to express cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), were exposed to ethanol in the absence or presence of chlormethiazole (a CYP2E1‐inhibitor; CMZ) and/or EX‐527 (a sirtuin‐1 [SIRT1] inhibitor). The culture medium was analyzed for ethanol metabolism and FABP4 protein abundance. Cells were analyzed for FABP4 mRNA expression, SIRT1 protein abundance, and neutral lipid accumulation. In parallel, cells were analyzed for forkhead box O1 [FOXO1], β‐catenin, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α [PPARα], and lipin‐1α protein abundance in the absence or presence of ethanol and pharmacological inhibitors of the respective target proteins.ResultsCYP2E1‐dependent ethanol metabolism inhibited the amount of SIRT1 protein detected, concomitant with increased FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation, effects abolished by CMZ. Analysis of pathways associated with lipid oxidation revealed increased FOXO1 nuclear localization and decreased β‐catenin, PPARα, and lipin‐1α protein levels in CYP2E1‐expressing cells in the presence of ethanol. Pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 mimicked the effects of ethanol, while inhibition of FOXO1 abrogated the effect of ethanol on FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation in CYP2E1‐expressing cells. Pharmacological inhibition of β‐catenin, PPARα, or lipin‐1α failed to alter the effects of ethanol on FABP4 or neutral lipid accumulation.ConclusionCYP2E1‐dependent ethanol metabolism inhibits SIRT1‐FOXO1 signaling, which leads to increased FABP4 mRNA expression, FABP4 protein secretion, and neutral lipid accumulation. These data suggest that FABP4 released from steatotic hepatocytes could play a role in promoting tumor cell expansion in the setting of ALD and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Pretreatment frailty is an independent prognostic factor among elderly patients with B‐cell lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy: A prospective observational cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Yu‐Shin , Chang Hung , Wang Po‐Nan , Kuo Ming‐Chung , Su Yi‐Jiun , Hung Chia‐Yen , Hsueh Shun‐Wen , Yeh Kun‐Yun , Ho Ya‐Wen , Chou Wen‐Chi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/purposeFrailty is a common clinical syndrome among the elderly; however, it is frequently neglected in patients with hematological malignancies, especially among the Asian population. This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence and effect of frailty on survival outcomes in elderly Asian patients with B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 76 consecutive patients with age ≥ 65 years and newly diagnosed B‐cell lymphoma and were receiving immunochemotherapy in a medical center in Taiwan between August 2016 and December 2017. The frailty of all patients was assessed using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) within 7 days before immunochemotherapy.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (36%) were allocated to the frail group based on CGA. With a median follow‐up duration of 26.5 (range, 1.7–39.8) months, the 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 68% and 58%, respectively, for all group of patients. In patients in the non‐frail group, the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 81% and 71%, respectively, compared to 44% and 33%, respectively, in the frail group (hazard ratio [HR], 3.57, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–7.30; p = 0.001). Age ≥ 75years (adjusted HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.02–6.47, p = 0.045), presence of B‐symptoms (adjusted HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.05–5.60, p = 0.038), and frailty (adjusted HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.29–7.11, p = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionFrailty significantly influenced the survival outcome as an independent prognostic factor in elderly patients with B‐cell lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy. Pretreatment frailty assessment is critical to assist clinicians and patients with B‐cell lymphoma with prognosis prediction and counseling on an appropriate treatment goal.
A multi‐institutional retrospective study of open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy focused on the intravesical recurrence
Authors: Shimura Soichiro , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Ikeda Masaomi , Moroo Shigenori , Koguchi Dai , Taoka Yoshinori , Hirayama Takahiro , Murakami Yasukiyo , Utsunomiya Takuji , Matsuda Daisuke , Okuno Norihiko , Irie Akira , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimIntravesical recurrence (IVR) after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively frequent, occurring in about 30–50% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of the prognosis and IVR between open and laparoscopic surgery and to elucidate the risk factor of IVR.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 403 patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic or open nephroureterectomy at six affiliated hospitals between 1990 and 2015. The clinicopathological factors of each group were examined using Kaplan–Meier plots, and univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThere was no difference in recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality between open and laparoscopic surgery in univariate and multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in IVR rate between the laparoscopic and open groups (p = .22). Among the patients with IVR, 84% of patients relapsed within 2 years. Univariate analysis of IVR showed a significant increase in patients with low‐grade (p = .03, HR = 1.64) or low‐stage urothelial carcinoma (pT1 or lower, p = .006, HR = 1.77) with no lymph node involvement (p = .002, HR = 10.3) or lymphovascular invasion (p = .009, HR = 1.79). Surgical modality was not an independent factor. In multivariate analysis, there was no independent predictive factor for IVR.ConclusionsThere was no difference in recurrence, cancer‐specific mortality, and IVR between open and laparoscopic surgery. On the other hand, our results suggested that the low malignant potential tumor may be a risk factor for IVR. This finding provides insight into IVR, which may help with the development of personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
Intranasal administration of a virus like particles‐based vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 and variants of concern
Authors: Rothen Dominik A. , Krenger Pascal S. , Nonic Aleksandra , Balke Ina , Vogt Anne‐Cathrine S. , Chang Xinyue , Manenti Alessandro , Vedovi Fabio , Resevica Gunta , Walton Senta M. , Zeltins Andris , Montomoli Emanuele , Vogel Monique , Bachmann Martin F. , Mohsen Mona O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe highly contagious SARS‐CoV‐2 is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. Consequently, people are required to wear masks and maintain a social distance to avoid spreading of the virus. Despite the success of the commercially available vaccines, the virus is still uncontained globally. Given the tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2, a mucosal immune reaction would help to reduce viral shedding and transmission locally. Only seven out of hundreds of ongoing clinical trials are testing the intranasal delivery of a vaccine against COVID‐19.MethodsIn the current study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a traditional vaccine platform based on virus‐like particles (VLPs) displaying RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 for intranasal administration in a murine model. The candidate vaccine platform, CuMVTT‐RBD, has been optimized to incorporate a universal T helper cell epitope derived from tetanus‐toxin and is self‐adjuvanted with TLR7/8 ligands.ResultsCuMVTT‐RBD vaccine elicited a strong systemic RBD‐ and spike‐IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity. Local immune response was assessed, and our results demonstrate a strong mucosal antibody and plasma cell production in lung tissue. Furthermore, the induced systemic antibodies could efficiently recognize and neutralize different variants of concern (VOCs).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that intranasal administration of CuMVTT‐RBD induces a protective systemic and local specific antibody response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its VOCs.
The human enteric nervous system. Historical and modern advances. Collaboration between science and surgery
Authors: Wattchow David A , Smolilo David , Hibberd Tim , Spencer Nick J , Brookes Simon JH , De Giorgio Roberto , Heitmann Paul T , Costa Marcello , Dinning Phil G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are considerable advantages and opportunities for surgeons and trainee surgeons in conducting a period of research allied with basic scientists. Such clinicians are well placed to define relevant clinical questions, provide human material (tissue, biopsy and blood) and translate the techniques derived in experimental animals to human subjects.MethodsThis small review explores research conducted on the nervous system of the intestines, with an emphasis on the translation of findings from animal to human.ResultsThis work shows that new techniques of immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing, developed in animal tissue, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the human enteric nervous system.ConclusionsSuch findings have sparked therapeutic trials for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients.
Sexualities and Social Justice: Young People and the Doing of Gender and Sexual Equalities in a Former Ship‐Building Community
Authors: Nayak Anoop , Bonner‐Thompson Carl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis participatory youth ethnography—utilising interviews, focus‐groups, observational diaries, and artwork—explores young people’s differing attitudes to current sexual equalities in a former ship‐building community in Northern England. Adapting Raymond Williams’ cultural Marxist framework on class, it identifies three intersecting repertoires of transition: a dominant liberal disposition of “inclusive sexualities”, based on the universal rights of the individual; a residual repertoire that recuperates masculinist tropes of patriarchy and “hardness”, associated with the passing industrial era; and an emergent paradigm that seeks to “trouble” and destabilise gender categories. We argue that place, locality, and labour market geographies critically impact upon the types of gender and sexual identities deemed “appropriate”, situating possibilities for enacting social justice through equality legislation. The participatory ethnography critically examines the spatial circulation, accumulation, and dissipation of gender and sexual equalities in young lives, identifying possibilities and challenges for future transformation.
Complications after advanced ovarian cancer surgery—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Palmqvist Charlotte , Michaëlsson Hanna , Staf Christian , Johansson Mia , Albertsson Per , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSurgical complications after primary or interval debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer were investigated and associations with patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were explored.Material and methodsA population‐based cohort study including all women with ovarian cancer, FIGO III–IV, treated with primary or interval debulking surgery, 2013–2017. Patient characteristics, surgical outcomes and complications according to the Clavien–Dindo (CD) classification system ≤30 days postoperatively, were registered. Uni‐ and multivariable regression analyses were performed with severe complications (CD ≥ III) as endpoint. PFS in relation was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe cohort included 384 women, where 304 (79%) were treated with primary and 80 (21%) with interval debulking surgery. Complications CD I–V were registered in 112 (29%) patients and CD ≥ III in 42 (11%). Preoperative albumin was significantly lower in the CD ≥ III cohort compared with CD 0–II (P = 0.018). For every increase per unit in albumin, the risk of complications decreased by a factor of 0.93. There was no significant difference in completed chemotherapy between the cohorts CD 0–II 90.1% and CD ≥ III 83.3% (P = 0.236). In the univariable analysis; albumin <30 g/L, primary debulking surgery, complete cytoreduction and intermediate/high surgical complexity score (SCS) were associated with CD ≥ III. In the following multivariable analysis, only intermediate/high SCS was found to be an independent significant prognostic factor. Low (n = 180) vs intermediate/high SCS (n = 204) showed a median PFS of 17.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.2–20.7) vs 21.5 months (95% CI 18.2–25.7), respectively, with a significant log‐rank; P = 0.038.ConclusionsAdvanced ovarian cancer surgery is associated with complications but no significant difference was seen in completion of adjuvant chemotherapy when severe complications occur. Importantly, our study shows that intermediate/high SCS is an independent prognostic risk factor for complications. Low albumin, residual disease and primary debulking surgery were found to be associated with severe complications. These results may facilitate forming algorithms in the decision‐making procedure of surgical treatment protocols.
In vitro use of standard fluid infusion central venous catheter for slow continuous ultrafiltration feasibility assessment
Authors: Nalesso Federico , Garzotto Francesco , Gobbi Laura , Cattarin Leda , Calò Lorenzo A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSlow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF) by central venous catheter (CVC) for hemodialysis is a simple extracorporeal ultrafiltration that can reduce and control fluid overload in patients with chronic or acute chronic heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy. In order to avoid complications and risks related to the catheterization with a standard CVC for hemodialysis to provide the SCUF, considering that hospitalized patients affected by congestive heart failure commonly undergo CVC placement for medications delivering, we tested an in vitro model to use a standard CVC for infusion to perform SCUF.MethodsWe performed an in vitro SCUF experimental model through two different lumens of a triple (8Fr × 20 cm Tri‐lumen catheter Kit—Envans Extra) and a quad‐lumen CVC (8.5Fr × 20 cm Quad‐lumen catheter kit—Benefis Medical Devices) commonly used in our Intensive Care Unit for fluids and medications infusions. We used Prismaflex with the HF‐20 set (Baxter, IL, USA) to perform the SCUF treatment.ResultsOur in vitro data confirm the technical feasibility of the use of standard CVC for fluid infusion to perform a SCUF treatment with a theoretical weight loss of up to 200 ml/h by a blood flow ranging from 30 to 45 ml/min.ConclusionsThe use of standard infusion CVC could be utilized in the intensive care unit to perform SCUF not exposing patients to the risks and complications related to the placement and permanence of CVC for hemodialysis.
Sequential organ failure assessment score improves survival prediction for left ventricular assist device recipients in intensive care
Authors: Chatterjee Subhasis , Jentzer Jacob C. , Kashyap Rahul , Keegan Mark T. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Passe Melissa A. , Loftsgard Theodore , Murphree Dennis H. , Stulak John M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative risk scores facilitate patient selection, but postoperative risk scores may offer valuable information for predicting outcomes. We hypothesized that the postoperative Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score would predict mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 294 continuous‐flow LVAD implantations performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester during 2007 to 2015. We calculated the EuroSCORE, HeartMate‐II Risk Score, and RV Failure Risk Score from preoperative data and the APACHE III and Post Cardiac Surgery (POCAS) risk scores from postoperative data. Daily, maximum, and mean SOFA scores were calculated for the first 5 postoperative days. The area under receiver‐operator characteristic curves (AUC) was calculated to compare the scoring systems' ability to predict 30‐day, 90‐day, and 1‐year mortality.ResultsFor the entire cohort, mortality was 5% at 30 days, 10% at 90 days, and 19% at 1 year. The Day 1 SOFA score had better discrimination for 30‐day mortality (AUC 0.77) than the preoperative risk scores or the APACHE III and POCAS postoperative scores. The maximum SOFA score had the best discrimination for 30‐day mortality (AUC 0.86), and the mean SOFA score had the best discrimination for 90‐day mortality (AUC 0.82) and 1‐year mortality (AUC 0.76).ConclusionsWe observed that postoperative mean and maximum SOFA scores in LVAD recipients predict short‐term and intermediate‐term mortality better than preoperative risk scores do. However, because preoperative and postoperative risk scores each contribute unique information, they are best used in concert to predict outcomes after LVAD implantation.
Developing a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences: A discussion paper
Authors: Leinweber Julia , Fontein‐Kuipers Yvonne , Thomson Gill , Karlsdottir Sigfridur Inga , Nilsson Christina , Ekström‐Bergström Anette , Olza Ibone , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni , Stramrood Claire 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany women experience giving birth as traumatic. Although women's subjective experiences of trauma are considered the most important, currently there is no clear inclusive definition of a traumatic birth to help guide practice, education, and research.AimTo formulate a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of a traumatic childbirth experience.MethodsAfter a rapid literature review, a five‐step process was undertaken. First, a draft definition was created based on interdisciplinary experts’ views. The definition was then discussed and reformulated with input from over 60 multidisciplinary clinicians and researchers during a perinatal mental health and birth trauma research meeting in Europe. A revised definition was then shared with consumer groups in eight countries to confirm its face validity and adjusted based on their feedback.ResultsThe stepwise process confirmed that a woman‐centered and inclusive definition was important. The final definition was: “A traumatic childbirth experience refers to a woman's experience of interactions and/or events directly related to childbirth that caused overwhelming distressing emotions and reactions; leading to short and/ or long‐term negative impacts on a woman's health and wellbeing.”ConclusionsThis definition of a traumatic childbirth experience was developed through consultations with experts and consumer groups. The definition acknowledges that low‐quality provider interactions and obstetric violence can traumatize individuals during childbirth. The women‐centered and inclusive focus could help women to identify and validate their experiences of traumatic birth, offering benefits for practice, education, and research, as well as for policymaking and activism in the fields of perinatal mental health and respectful maternity care.
How to dose and monitor argatroban for treatment of HIT
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: April 2022

Dosing and monitoring of argatroban for treatment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) remain uncertain. Marchetti and colleagues critically and systematically reviewed their institutional experience using this direct thrombin inhibitor to treat patients with laboratory‐confirmed HIT, and have formulated several practical recommendations for managing this challenging clinical situation.Commentary on: Marchetti et al. Managing argatroban in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A retrospective analysis of 729 treatment days in 32 patients with confirmed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2022;197:766‐790