bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do homeschoolers approach creative arts learning and how can they be supported? Developing a flexible framework for homeschool contexts
Authors: Burke Katie M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch has identified that creative arts education in homeschooling contexts presents unique challenges. A range of factors contribute to this, including a dearth of home‐education‐specific support. As such, the development of supporting resources that target the unique needs and approaches of homeschooling parents has previously been recommended. This paper reports on part of a larger Design‐Based Research project that consulted with up to 193 homeschooling families with the aim of developing such a support resource, one flexible enough to reflect the diversity of approaches across homeschooling contexts. The phase of the research reported here sought detailed insights into the processes that five families employed when planning and facilitating their childrenʼs arts learning. Through a series of three semi‐structured interviews with each family, observations of arts learning episodes in action and arts artefact analysis, each familyʼs approach to arts learning was mapped and analysed for insights into the processes that families employed when planning and actioning arts learning. The outcome of this phase of the project is a suggested framework to support homeschoolers in facilitating arts learning, aiming to be suitable across a variety of pedagogical approaches.
An innovative strategy to recycle permeate in biologics continuous manufacturing process to improve material efficiency and sustainability
Authors: Madabhushi Sri Ranganayaki , Huang Chung‐Jr , Wang Xiaowen , Bui Ashley , Atieh Tariq Bassam , Rayfield William J. , Jayapal Karthik P. , Lin Henry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntensified perfusion processes are an integral part of continuous manufacturing for biopharmaceuticals which enable agile operations and significant reduction in cost of goods. However, they require large volumes of media to support robust cell growth and maintain high productivity, posing substantial challenges to operations, logistics, and process sustainability. This study explores a novel strategy for reprocessing and reusing permeate from perfusion cultures for mAb production. The concept was initially evaluated by recycling permeate, Protein A flow‐through (ProA FT) and CEX processed ProA FT in deep‐well plate mock perfusion and ambr® 250 perfusion formats. Further processing of ProA FT through a cation exchange depth filter before recycling reduced process impurities such as host cell proteins (HCPs) and DNA. However, a direct replacement of fresh media with spent media reduces nutrient depth which results in a concomitant reduction in productivity. In ambr® 250 bioreactors, recycling of ProA FT at 25%–50% replacement rates (defined as the fraction of recycled material in media) resulted in a 13%–30% reduction in cumulative productivity while maintaining product quality. To mitigate this, we used media concentrates which allowed independent modulation of media depth by replacing a portion of diluent WFI with recycled material. Results from deep‐well mock perfusion studies demonstrated that comparable or higher productivities relative to control can be achieved with this approach. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility of recycling permeate in perfusion cultures. Process mass intensity (PMI) calculations reveal that this approach can meaningfully improve material efficiency by reducing water consumption, thereby enhancing overall bioprocess sustainability.
Room‐Temperature Reversible σ‐Dimerization of a Phenalenyl Radical
Authors: Dong Xue , Sun Quanchun , Feng Zhongtao , Ruan Huapeng , Tang Shuxuan , Liu Min , Zhao Yue , Su Yuanting , Wang Xinping 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryPhenalenyl derivatives have been of tremendous interest due to their reversible dimerization in response to the external stimuli such as temperature. However, most of PLY derivatives only show the reversibility dependent on temperature. Herein, we report a unique PLY‐based radical anionic salt with reversible σ‐dimerization controlled by solvent rather than temperature. The structure and reversibility of this PLY anion system have been spectroscopically, crystallographically, and theoretically investigated. The molecule exists mainly as the σ‐dimer form of K2[σ‐12] in toluene, while it can be broken into the monomeric radical anion 1•– by re‐dissolving in THF. Moreover, when THF is replaced with toluene, radical 1•– could be σ‐dimerized back again. Theoretical calculations reveal that the potassium ions are necessary for the formation of the σ‐dimer and the solvent polarity controls the σ‐dimerization by regulating the presence of K+.
Engineering Reversible Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture and Release Using Diselenide Catalyzed Fast Disulfide Formation
Authors: Han Yueying , Liu Cheng , Xu Huaping , Cao Yi 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryHydrogels crosslinked by dynamic covalent bonds can effectively mimic the viscoelastic properties of native extracellular matrix and have been widely explored for 3D cell culture. Disulfide is one of the most common dynamic bonds in biological systems whose formation and cleavage are catalyzed by a set of dedicated enzymes. However, in vitro formation of disulfide bonds is a slow process and requires harsh catalysts. Therefore, it is difficult to use disulfide crosslinked hydrogels for cell culture. In this work, we show that disulfide bonds can be formed by thiol‐diselenide (DiSe) exchange under blue light illumination. This reaction is fast, reversible, and biocompatible. Moreover, residual diselenide in the hydrogel network can also accelerate thiol–disulfide exchange reactions leading to faster cell release from the hydrogels upon the addition of thiol‐containing agents. We anticipate that disulfide crosslinked hydrogels catalyzed by diselenide can find broad biomedical applications, such as cell culture, cell delivery, and drug‐controlled release.
Using Two Ecological Engineering Technologies to Treat River Pollution in Changhua County, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Hua‐Wei , Chou Chen‐Chiang , Tsai Yung‐Pin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolluted rivers are a primary concern in Changhua County, Taiwan, due to the rapid development and expansion of agriculture and industry. A water purification system is tested on samples from the Yangzi‐Cuo River, Ci‐Tong Jiao, Changhua County. Two ecological engineering technologies (a gravel contact oxidation and a surface flow constructed wetland treatment) are investigated separately and in combination. The river pollution index (RPI) is measured before and after treatment and used to quantify the results. The inflow volume is 1534–2261 m3 day−1. Pollution elimination efficiencies are 62.83–95.83% for suspended soils, 55.02–86.02% for biochemical oxygen demand, 52.43–88.43% for total nitrogen, 11.95–82.43% for total phosphate, and 40.43–100.00% for ammoniacal nitrogen after using the combined methods. The inflow water is classified as highly polluted with an RPI > 6 mg L–1, whereas the post‐treatment outflow has medium or low pollution with RPIs of 3–6 or 2–3 mg L–1, respectively. The combination of both methods effectively purified Yangzi‐Cuo River water.
Carbon Dots as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Antimicrobial Applications: A Minireview
Authors: Wang Zi‐Xi , Wang Zihao , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon dots are small carbon nanoparticles with intrinsic photoluminescence. Because of the advantages such as good biocompatibility and water dispersity, many researchers have applied carbon dots as delivery platforms of antimicrobial agents. Compared with the free small‐molecule antimicrobial agents alone, the carbon dot‐based systems may exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity, increased stability, improved cellular uptake, and reduced side effects. This review will mainly discuss the antimicrobial agent‐loaded carbon dots for various antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications. The current limitations and future research directions in the related field are also proposed. It is hoped that this review will have implications for the future development of functional carbon dots for various practical antimicrobial uses.
Isotropic‐Nematic Phase Transition and Liquid Crystal Droplets
Authors: Lin Fanghua , Wang Changyou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiquid crystal droplets are of great interest from physics and applications. Rigorous mathematical analysis is challenging as the problem involves harmonic maps (or Oseen‐Frank energy minimizers in general), free interfaces, and topological defects which could be either inside the droplet or on its surface along with some intriguing boundary anchoring conditions for the orientation configurations. In this paper, through a study of the phase transition between the isotropic and nematic states of liquid crystal based on the Ericksen model, we can show, when the size of a droplet is much larger in comparison with the ratio of the Frank constants to the surface tension, a Γ‐convergence theorem for minimizers. This Γ‐limit is in fact the sharp interface limit for the phase transition between the isotropic and nematic regions when the small parameter ε, corresponding to the transition layer width, goes to 0. This limiting process not only provides a geometric description of the shape of the droplet as one would expect, and surprisingly it also gives the anchoring conditions for the orientations of liquid crystals on the surface of the droplet depending on material constants. In particular, homeotropic, tangential, and even free boundary conditions as assumed in earlier phenomenological modelings arise naturally, provided the surface tension, Frank‐Ericksen constants are in suitable ranges. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Multi‐level learning based on3D CTimage integrated medical clinic information for accurate diagnosis of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Zhao Juanjuan , Wu Wei , Qiang Yan , Jia Liye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by clinicians depends not only on radiological imaging but also on the patient's own clinical record information and other factors. However, exploring the guiding role of clinical information is a major challenge. In this article, an intelligent personalized diagnosis decision‐making model is proposed, which combines radiology images with patient information. First, the 3D image cube of the pulmonary nodule is constructed. Then, a 3D multi‐level fusion ResNet is designed to extract the features of the nodule by making full use of the spatial context information. Finally, a kind of classification model based on feature‐related analysis was proposed, which fused clinical information features and image features and realized a nonlinear radial basis feature mapping. We tested this method on the public dataset and a cooperation hospital dataset. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the classification accuracy of unstable nodules at the classification boundary. Our model showed significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Meanwhile, compared with other deep learning diagnosis methods, our method achieves better discriminative results and is highly suited to be used for pulmonary nodule diagnosis.
An effective chronic lymphocytic leukemia detection method using hybrid optimization aware random multimodal deep learning
Authors: Sivalingam Nithya Priya , Chinnasamy Sundar , Suruli Muniyandi Thanabal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe leukemia represents a blood cancer that begins from bone marrow and spread to bloodstream and other limbs. The leukocytes pose various morphologies and size that makes it complex to detect and segment exactly. To consider this issue, this article develops a novel and efficient method for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) detection with blood smear images. Here, the preprocessing is done with Type 2 fuzzy and cuckoo search‐based filter for discarding artifacts and noise contained in the images. The cell segmentation is done with deep fuzzy clustering for producing the segments from the preprocessed blood smear images. The discovery of CLL is done with random multimodal deep learning (RMDL). The RMDL training is done with proposed Jaya‐competitive swarm optimization (Jaya‐CSO) algorithm. The developed Jaya‐CSO is devised by combining Jaya optimization and competitive swarm optimizer (CSO). Hence, the proposed Jaya‐CSO‐based RMDL is employed for discovering lymphocytic leukemia. The proposed Jaya‐CSO‐based RMDL offered improved performance with highest accuracy of 95.1%, highest true negative rate of 95.4% and highest true positive rate of 95.2%.
Impact of the ABCD‐GENE Score on Clopidogrel Clinical Effectiveness after PCI: A Multi‐Site, Real‐World Investigation
Authors: Thomas Cameron D. , Franchi Francesco , Keeley Ellen C. , Rossi Joseph S. , Winget Marshall , David Anderson R. , Dempsey Alyssa L. , Gong Yan , Gower Megan N. , Kerensky Richard A. , Kulick Natasha , Malave Jean G. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Mulrenin Ian R. , Starostik Petr , Beitelshees Amber L. , Johnson Julie A. , Stouffer George A. , Winterstein Almut G. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Lee Craig R. , Cavallari Larisa H. 
Published: April 2022

The Age, Body mass index, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes mellitus, and CYP2C19 GENEtic variants (ABCD‐GENE) score was developed to identify patients at risk for diminished antiplatelet effects with clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The objective of this study was to validate the ability of the ABCD‐GENE score to predict the risk for atherothrombotic events in a diverse, real‐world population of clopidogrel‐treated patients who underwent PCI and received clinical CYP2C19 genotyping to guide antiplatelet therapy. A total of 2,341 adult patients who underwent PCI, were genotyped for CYP2C19, and received treatment with clopidogrel across four institutions were included (mean age 64 ± 12 years, 35% women, and 20% Black). The primary outcome was major atherothrombotic events, defined as the composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis, or revascularization for unstable angina within 12 months following PCI. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or stent thrombosis, was assessed as the secondary outcome. Outcomes were compared between patients with an ABCD‐GENE score ≥ 10 vs. < 10. The risk of major atherothrombotic events was higher in patients with an ABCD‐GENE score ≥ 10 (n = 505) vs. < 10 (n = 1,836; 24.6 vs. 14.7 events per 100 patient‐years, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.25, P < 0.001). The risk for MACE was also higher among patients with a score ≥ 10 vs. < 10 (16.7 vs. 10.1 events per 100 patient‐years, adjusted HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.30, P = 0.013). Our diverse, real‐world data demonstrate diminished clopidogrel effectiveness in post‐PCI patients with an ABCD‐GENE score ≥ 10.
The Effect of Ibuprofen Exposure and Patient Characteristics on the Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
Authors: Engbers Aline G. J. , Völler Swantje , Flint Robert B. , Goulooze Sebastiaan C. , de Klerk Johan , Krekels Elke H. J. , van Dijk Monique , Willemsen Sten P. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. , Simons Sinno H. P. 
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus depends on gestational age (GA) and might be delayed in preterm infants, resulting in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Ibuprofen can be administered to enhance closure, but the exposure‐response relationship between ibuprofen and the closure of PDA remains uncertain. We investigated the influence of patient characteristics and ibuprofen exposure on ductus closure. A cohort of preterm infants with PDA and treated with ibuprofen was analyzed. Ibuprofen exposure was based on a previously developed population pharmacokinetic study that was in part based on the same study population. Logistic regression analyses were performed with ductus closure (yes/no) as outcome, to analyze the contribution of ibuprofen exposure and patient characteristics. In our cohort of 263 preterm infants (median GA 26.1 (range: 23.7–30.0) weeks, birthweight 840 (365–1,470) g) receiving ibuprofen treatment consisting of 3 doses that was initiated at a median postnatal age (PNAstart) of 5 (1–32) days, PDA was closed in 55 (21%) patients. Exposure to ibuprofen strongly decreased with PNAstart. Overall, the probability of ductus closure decreased with PNAstart (odds ratio (OR): 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6–0.8) and Z‐score for birthweight (ZBirthweight‐for‐GA; OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6‐1.0), and increased with GA (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9). For patients with PNAstart < 1 week, concentrations of ibuprofen, GA, and ZBirthweight‐for‐GA predicted probability of ductus closure. During a window of opportunity for ductus closure within the first days of life, probability of closure depends on GA, ZBirthweight‐for‐GA, and ibuprofen exposure. Increased, yet unstudied dosages might increase the effectivity of ibuprofen beyond the first week of life.
Cytologic and histologic features of pigmented pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Yueh , Chang Min‐Hsiang , Chou Yueh‐Hung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the central nervous system, the presence of pigment in astrocytic tumors is rare. Only nine cases were reported in the English literature: one ganglioglioma, one pilocytic astrocytoma, and seven cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA). Though squash cytology is a common and useful tool for intraoperative diagnosis during brain tumor surgeries, the cytologic findings of pigmented PXA have not been recorded previously. We present a 32‐year‐old woman with a mass in her medial right temporal lobe. Intraoperative squash cytology examination demonstrated pleomorphic tumor cells containing cytoplasmic pigment granules. The subsequent tissue section and additional workup revealed a PXA with melanosomal melanin pigment deposits. While conventional PXA has to be differentiated from high‐grade tumors such as glioblastoma, in the pigmented variant the presence of pigment can cause further diagnostic confusion with other pigmented tumors, in particular melanoma. It should be added into the differential diagnoses when a brain tumor smear shows nuclear pleomorphism and intracytoplasmic pigment particles.
Aboveground carbon responses to experimental and natural hurricane impacts in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico
Authors: Chevalier Hervé , Brokaw Nicholas V. L. , Ward Sheila E. , Zimmerman Jess K. , Shiels Aaron B. , Bithorn John , Matta Carmona Samuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change and disturbance make it difficult to project long‐term patterns of carbon sequestration in tropical forests, but large ecosystem experiments in these forests can inform predictions. The Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) manipulates two key components of hurricane disturbance, canopy openness and detritus deposition, in a tropical forest in Puerto Rico. We documented how the CTE and a real hurricane affected tree recruitment, biomass, and aboveground carbon storage over 15 years. In the CTE treatments, we trimmed branches, but we did not fell trees. We expected that during the 14‐year period after initial canopy trimming, regrowth of branches and stems and stem recruitment stimulated by increased light and trimmed debris would help restore biomass and carbon loss due to trimming. Compared to control plots, in the trimmed plots recruitment of palms and dicot trees increased markedly after trimming, and stem diameters of standing trees increased. Data showed that recruitment of small trees adds little to aboveground carbon, compared to the amount in large trees. Nevertheless, this response restored pretreatment biomass and carbon in the experimental period. In particular, the experimental additions of trimmed debris on the forest floor seemed to stimulate increase in aboveground carbon. Toward the end of the experimental period, Hurricane Maria (Category 4 hurricane) trimmed and felled some trees but reduced aboveground carbon less in the plots (including untrimmed plots) than experimental trimming had. Thus, it appears that the amount of regrowth recorded after experimental trimming could also restore aboveground carbon in the forest after a severe hurricane in the same time span. However, Hurricane Maria, unlike the trimming treatments, felled large trees, and it may be that with predicted, more frequent severe hurricanes, that the continued loss of large trees would over the long term decrease aboveground carbon stored in this Puerto Rican forest and likewise in other tropical forests affected by cyclonic storms.
Two β‐Diketiminate Zinc Complexes with 1‐D Chain and Dinuclear Topologies: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Behavior
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Yafei , Wang Li , Cao Zhu , Zhang Qian , Li Yahong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo zinc complexes, [L1Zn2Et2]n (1) and [L2Zn2Et2] (2), were synthesized by reacting bis(β‐diketiminate) ligands H2L1 and H2L2 with ZnEt2. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis indicated that compound 1 displays a novel one‐dimensional chain structure. Compound 2 is dinuclear. The two compounds were employed to catalyze the coupling reaction of aryl iodides with B2Pin2. They were both catalytically active toward this transformation. Compound 1 exhibited higher catalytic activity than that of complex 2. The borylation reactions catalyzed by 1 possess the features of milder conditions, high functional group tolerance and wide range of substrate scopes.
Near‐wall velocities of particles suspended in shear flow and a streamwise electric field
Authors: Yee Andrew J. , Yoda Minami 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParticles with a diameter of ∼0.5 µm in a dilute (volume fractions φ∞ < 4 × 10−3) suspension assemble into highly elongated structures called “bands” under certain conditions in combined Poiseuille and electroosmotic flows in opposite directions through microchannels at particle‐based Reynolds numbers Rep < < 1. The particles are first concentrated near, then form “bands” within ∼6 µm of, the channel wall. The experiments described here examine the near‐wall dynamics of individual “tracer” particles during the initial concentration, or accumulation, of particles, and the steady‐state stage when the particles have formed relatively stable bands at different near‐wall shear rates and electric field magnitudes. Surprisingly, the near‐wall upstream particle velocities are found to be consistently greater in magnitude than the expected values based on the particles being convected by the superposition of both flows and subject to electrophoresis, which is in the same direction as the Poiseuille flow. However, the particle velocities scale linearly with the change in electric field magnitude, suggesting that the particle dynamics are dominated by linear electrokinetic phenomena. If this discrepancy with theory is only due to changes in particle electrophoresis, electrophoresis is significantly reduced to values as small as 20%–50% of the Smoluchowski relation, or well below previous model predictions, even for high particle potentials.