bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of maternal intrapartum fever and the effect of fever duration on neonatal morbidity in different temperature
Authors: Yin Huifen , Hu Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical risk factors of intrapartum fever and explore the relationship between fever duration and neonatal morbidity of different fever peak.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, and 714 pregnant women were divided into fever and nonfever group. Multivariable logistic regression model was estimated to evaluate the risk factors for maternal intrapartum fever. Receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to explore the relationship between fever duration and fetal distress of different fever peak to find the cut‐off point, then the neonatal outcomes of women with fever ≥38°C in two groups of different fever duration were compared.ResultsEpidural analgesia (odds ratio [OR]: 6.89, p < 0.001), longer time of membrane rupture (OR: 1.06, p < 0.001) and longer time of first stage of labor (OR: 1.04, p = 0.03) were considered as independent risk factors for maternal fever. For women with temperature <38°C, fever duration was not associated with fetal distress, whereas the women with temperature ≥38°C, fever duration longer than 93.5 min was a good predictor of fetal distress (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.82, p < 0.05). Further analysis showed that infants of women with fever peak ≥38°C and fever duration longer than 90 min had a higher rate of 1 min Apgar score <7 (15.5% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.03), assisted ventilation (29.6% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.02), and admission to neonatal ward (87.3% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.001).ConclusionsEpidural analgesia, longer time of membrane rupture, and longer time of first stage of labor were considered as independent risk factors for maternal intrapartum fever. For women with fever ≥38°C, controlling fever time less than 90 min might be helpful to reduce neonatal morbidity.
Targeting stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Woll Petter S. , Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Fioretos Thoas , Ebert Benjamin L. , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe genetic architecture of cancer has been delineated through advances in high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing, where the sequential acquisition of recurrent driver mutations initially targeted towards normal cells ultimately leads to malignant transformation. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematologic malignancies frequently initiated by mutations in the normal hematopoietic stem cell compartment leading to the establishment of leukemic stem cells. Although the genetic characterization of MDS and AML has led to identification of new therapeutic targets and development of new promising therapeutic strategies, disease progression, relapse, and treatment‐related mortality remain a major challenge in MDS and AML. The selective persistence of rare leukemic stem cells following therapy‐induced remission implies unique resistance mechanisms of leukemic stem cells towards conventional therapeutic strategies and that leukemic stem cells represent the cellular origin of relapse. Therefore, targeted surveillance of leukemic stem cells following therapy should, in the future, allow better prediction of relapse and disease progression, but is currently challenged by our restricted ability to distinguish leukemic stem cells from other leukemic cells and residual normal cells. To advance current and new clinical strategies for the treatment of MDS and AML, there is a need to improve our understanding and characterization of MDS and AML stem cells at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels. Such work has already led to the identification of promising new candidate leukemic stem cell molecular targets that can now be exploited in preclinical and clinical therapeutic strategies, towards more efficient and specific elimination of leukemic stem cells.
Communities with an anchor institution have higher coronavirus vaccination rates
Authors: Harris Alexandra , Maechling Claude R. , Holl Jane L. , McHugh Megan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeAnchor institutions (“anchors”) are large employers, rooted in a community by reason of mission, capital, or relationships. Many anchors have encouraged coronavirus vaccination for employees and their families. Our objective was to determine whether the presence of an anchor was associated with a higher county‐level vaccination rate.MethodsA cross‐sectional study focused on 745 small‐ and mid‐sized US counties. We used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Reference USA's US Business Database, Economic Innovation Group's Distressed Communities Index database, 2021 County Health Ratings and Rankings, 2020 US Presidential Election popular vote data, and National Center for Health Statistics urban‐rural classification data. We constructed 3 explanatory variables of interest: a binary variable indicating whether the county had an anchor; a continuous variable representing the number of anchors within a county; and the percent of all workers in the county who were employed by an anchor. Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, political party allegiance, rurality, economic distress, and prevalence of smoking and adult obesity.FindingsCounties with an anchor had vaccination rates 2.31 (P<.01) percentage points higher than those without an anchor. The number of anchors in a county was also significantly associated with higher vaccination rates.ConclusionsEfforts by anchors to encourage vaccination may have been successful, and that anchors may be well positioned to amplify public health messages. However, the influence and efforts of anchors to increase vaccination did not fully mitigate disparities in vaccination rates by race, ethnicity, and political party allegiance.
Retrospective evaluation of the ST segment electrocardiographic features in 180 healthy dogs
Authors: Romito G. , Castagna P. , Pelle N. G. , Testa F. , Sabetti M. C. , Cipone M. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesNormal features of the ST segment are poorly characterised in dogs. This study aimed to describe ST segment characteristics in a population of healthy dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records were reviewed to identify healthy dogs that underwent an electrocardiogram. Several ST segment qualitative parameters were evaluated: presence/absence of deviation, type of deviation (depression/elevation) and morphological patterns of depression (horizontal, downsloping, upsloping and sagging) and elevation (horizontal, concave and convex). Moreover, the amplitude of ST segment depression/elevation was measured. The potential effect of sex, bodyweight, age and somatotype on the presence/absence of ST segment deviation was evaluated through binary logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred and eighty dogs were enrolled. The deviation was evident in 43 of 180 dogs (23.9%), among which 36 showed depression and seven showed elevation. The median depression amplitude was 0.1 (range 0.05 to 0.3) mV. The mean elevation amplitude was 0.136 ±0.055 mV. Concerning depression morphology, the horizontal pattern was overrepresented, followed by the downsloping and upsloping ones. Concerning elevation morphology, all dogs showed a concave pattern. No meaningful effect of sex, bodyweight, age and somatotype on the presence/absence of ST segment deviation was documented.Clinical SignificanceNormal features of canine ST segment were described and made available for clinical use.
The impact of COVID‐19 on Italian adolescents’ sleep and its association with psychological factors
Authors: Bacaro Valeria , Meneo Debora , Curati Sara , Buonanno Carlo , De Bartolo Paola , Riemann Dieter , Mancini Francesco , Martoni Monica , Baglioni Chiara 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYInsomnia and circadian dysregulation during adolescence represent important risk factors for emotional and psychological problems. Recent studies have shown that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been linked to a high prevalence of behavioural sleep problems in the general population. This study aimed to provide two pictures of two different time points of the pandemic regarding the prevalence of sleep problems in adolescents and their association with psychological health variables. Two different independent large samples of Italian adolescents aged 13–17 years were recruited at two pandemic time points. A total of 1,146 adolescents at Time 1 (T1; April 2020) and 1,406 at Time 2 (T2; April 2021) took part in the study. Measures of insomnia symptoms, sleep hygiene, chronotype, psychological distress and emotion regulation were collected. Prevalence of insomnia was 12.13% at T1 and 23.19% at T2. Furthermore, high levels of poor sleep habits (late bedtime, poor sleep hygiene, use of electronic devices at bedtime) were also detected at both time points. Insomnia symptoms strongly correlated with poor sleep hygiene, higher psychological distress, and emotional suppression at both time points. Results highlighted an alarming picture for two large samples at two different time points of the pandemic that showed a potential negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, in both the first outbreak and in the later phase of the pandemic, on sleep habits, psychological distress and insomnia symptoms in adolescents. This strongly suggests the need for monitoring these variables and their interaction in the post‐pandemic period and to develop and promote interventions for insomnia and circadian disturbances during adolescence.
The independent associations of physical activity and sleep with neural activity during an inhibitory task: cross‐sectional results from the MONITOR‐OA study
Authors: Falck Ryan Stanley , Hsu Chun Liang , Silva Narlon Cassio Boa Sorte , Li Linda C. , Best John R. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa 
Published: July 2022

SummarySleep and physical activity (PA) are important for the maintenance of executive functions. Whether these lifestyle factors independently contribute to associated neural correlates of executive functions is unknown. We therefore investigated the independent associations of PA and sleep with neural activity during executive performance using task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Baseline data from a subset of participants (n = 29) enrolled in a randomised trial were used for this cross‐sectional analysis. We measured PA, sleep duration and efficiency for 7 days using the SenseWear Mini and examined neural activity underlying response inhibition using the Go/NoGo executive performance task. Brain activation patterns during the NoGo condition were contrasted to activation patterns during the Go condition (i.e., NoGo–Go). We constructed two separate models (controlling for age, sex, and education) to examine the independent associations of (i) PA and sleep duration; and (ii) PA and sleep efficiency with brain activation. Significant clusters were corrected for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05) to determine region‐specific activation patterns. The mean (SD) participant age was 61 (9) years, and 79% were female. PA was independently associated with greater task‐related blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal activity in the left cingulate gyrus; longer sleep duration was independently associated with greater BOLD signal activity in the left putamen. Higher sleep efficiency was independently associated with increased BOLD signal activity in the left hippocampus. PA, sleep duration, and efficiency are each independently associated with greater neural activity underlying response inhibition, which further illustrates that PA and sleep are each uniquely important for brain health.
Systemic inflammation is linked to liver fibrogenesis in patients with advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Simbrunner Benedikt , Villesen Ida Falk , Königshofer Philipp , Scheiner Bernhard , Bauer David , Paternostro Rafael , Schwabl Philipp , Timelthaler Gerald , Ramazanova Dariga , Wöran Katharina , Stift Judith , Eigenbauer Ernst , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich , Marculescu Rodrig , Pinter Matthias , Møller Søren , Trauner Michael , Karsdal Morten , Leeming Diana Julie , Reiberger Thomas , Mandorfer Mattias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsExperimental evidence indicates that systemic inflammation (SI) promotes liver fibrogenesis. This study investigated the potential link between SI and fibrogenesis in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD).MethodsSerum biomarkers of SI (CRP, IL‐6, procalcitonin [PCT]) and extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover (i.e., fibrogenesis/fibrolysis) were analysed in 215 prospectively recruited patients with ACLD (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥6 mm Hg) undergoing hepatic vein catheterization. Patients with non‐elective hospitalization or bacterial infection were excluded. Histological alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) area was quantified on full biopsy scans by automated morphometric quantification in a subset of 34 patients who underwent concomitant transjugular liver biopsy.ResultsHistological α‐SMA proportionate area correlated with enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score (Spearman's ρ = 0.660, p < .001), markers of collagen formation (PRO‐C3, ρ = 0.717, p < .001; PRO‐C6, ρ = 0.526, p = .002) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP1; ρ = 0.547, p < .001), indicating that these blood biomarkers are capable of reflecting the dynamic process of ECM turnover. CRP, IL‐6 and PCT levels correlated with ELF, biomarkers of collagen synthesis/degradation and TIMP1, both in compensated and decompensated patients. Multivariate linear regression models (adjusted for HVPG) confirmed that CRP, IL‐6 and PCT were independently linked to markers of liver fibrogenesis and ECM turnover.ConclusionSystemic inflammation is linked to both liver fibrogenesis and ECM turnover in ACLD and this association is not confounded by the severity of liver disease, as evaluated by HVPG. Our study confirms experimental data on the detrimental impact of SI on ECM deposition and fibrosis progression in a thoroughly characterized cohort of patients with ACLD.
Evidence of increased mussel abundance related to the Pacific marine heatwave and sea star wasting
Authors: Traiger Sarah B. , Bodkin James L. , Coletti Heather A. , Ballachey Brenda , Dean Thomas , Esler Daniel , Iken Katrin , Konar Brenda , Lindeberg Mandy R. , Monson Daniel , Robinson Brian , Suryan Robert M. , Weitzman Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMussels occupy a key middle trophic position in nearshore food webs linking primary producers to predators. Climate‐related environmental changes may synergistically combine with changes in predator abundance to affect intertidal ecosystems. We examined the influence of two major events on mussel (Mytilus trossulus) abundance in the northern Gulf of Alaska: the recent Pacific marine heatwave (PMH, 2014–2016) and an outbreak of sea star wasting (SSW). We investigated how mussel abundance changed since the onset of SSW and whether the density of predatory sea stars or PMH‐related temperature metrics explain variation in mussel abundance. Sea stars and mussels were surveyed since 2005 approximately annually in four regions of the northern Gulf of Alaska: Katmai (KATM), Kachemak Bay (KBAY), Kenai Fjords (KEFJ) and western Prince William Sound (WPWS). Mussel percent cover in the mid‐intertidal increased 1–3 years after declines in sea stars at all regions and in the low‐intertidal at KATM, KBAY, and KEFJ, but not at WPWS. After the onset of SSW, large (≥20 mm length) mussel density and mussel bed width increased at KATM but not the other regions. Total mussel densities, including recruits, did not differ before and after the onset of SSW. The total number of sea stars significantly explained variation in mussel metrics, but the proportions of the three sea star species examined did not. We did not find strong evidence for direct effects of temperature on mussels. The effects of the PMH and the SSW outbreak appear to have combined, with increased temperatures indirectly benefiting mussels in concert with relaxed top‐down pressure from sea stars, allowing for increased mussel abundance. Changing mussel abundance may affect intertidal local productivity and the abundance or performance of other nearshore consumers of mussels.
Newborn weight change and predictors of underweight in the neonatal period in Guinea‐Bissau, Nepal, Pakistan and Uganda
Authors: Flaherman Valerie J. , Ginsburg Amy S. , Nankabirwa Victoria , Braima da Sa Augusto , Medel‐Herrero Alvaro , Schaefer Eric , Dongol Srijana , Shrestha Akina , Nisar Imran , Altaf Muddassir , Liaquat Khushboo , Baloch Benazir , Rahman Najeeb , Shafiq Yasir , Ariff Shabina , Jehan Fyezah , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), growth impairment is common; however, the trajectory of growth over the course of the first month has not been well characterised. To describe newborn growth trajectory and predictors of growth impairment, we assessed growth frequently over the first 30 days among infants born ≥2000 g in Guinea‐Bissau, Nepal, Pakistan and Uganda. In this cohort of 741 infants, the mean birth weight was 3036 ± 424 g. For 721 (98%) infants, weight loss occurred for a median of 2 days (interquartile range, 1–4) following birth until weight nadir was reached 5.9 ± 4.3% below birth weight. At 30 days of age, the mean weight was 3934 ± 592 g. The prevalence of being underweight at 30 days ranged from 5% in Uganda to 31% in Pakistan. Of those underweight at 30 days of age, 56 (59%) had not been low birth weight (LBW), and 48 (50%) had reached weight nadir subsequent to 4 days of age. Male sex (relative risk [RR] 2.73 [1.58, 3.57]), LBW (RR 6.41 [4.67, 8.81]), maternal primiparity (1.74 [1.20, 2.51]) and reaching weight nadir subsequent to 4 days of age (RR 5.03 [3.46, 7.31]) were highly predictive of being underweight at 30 days of age. In this LMIC cohort, country of birth, male sex, LBW and maternal primiparity increased the risk of impaired growth, as did the modifiable factor of delayed initiation of growth. Interventions tailored to infants with modifiable risk factors could reduce the burden of growth impairment in LMIC.
Diet quality during pregnancy and its association with social factors: 3D Cohort Study (Design, Develop, Discover)
Authors: Yu Yamei , Feng Cindy , Bédard Brigitte , Fraser William , Dubois Lise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGood diet quality during pregnancy provides adequate nutrition to support both the mothers and the fetus. The objective of this study is to describe the distribution of diet quality during pregnancy and to study the association between social factors and diet quality during pregnancy in a Canadian population. This study was based on 1535 pregnant women who provided dietary information in the 3D Cohort Study in Quebec, Canada. A 3‐day food record was used to collect dietary intake in the second trimester of pregnancy. A Canadian adaption of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐C) 2010 was used to quantify diet quality. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted effect estimates and confidence intervals for the association between social factors and HEI‐C. The mean HEI‐C 2010 score in this study was 62.9 (SD: 11.2). Only 4.5% and 8.3% of the pregnant women consumed the recommended amounts of whole grains and ‘greens and beans’, respectively. Diet quality was lower in some subgroups of pregnant women. After multivariable adjustment, lower diet quality was observed in participants who were less educated, younger, overweight or obese before pregnancy, or parous. There was an interaction between ethnicity and immigration status on diet quality in pregnancy. These findings could be useful for health practitioners and policymakers in developing strategies to improve the diet quality of pregnant women.
Does a child's mid‐upper arm circumference‐for‐age z‐score represent another nutritional indicator of childhood malnutrition status?
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Choudhury Nuzhat , Ahmed S. M. Tanvir , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ali Mohammad , Naz Farina , Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Rahman Sheikh Shahed , Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChild wasting is defined as a weight‐for‐height/length z‐score (WLZ/WHZ) < −2, and this indicator of nutritional status is used worldwide. However, a precise measurement is required for the assessment of a child's nutritional status, which may not always be possible due to expensive instruments, especially in poor resource settings. In some instances, mid‐upper arm circumference‐for‐age z‐score (MUACZ) is also being used for screening purposes, which is a simple and useful nutritional indicator. The objective of this paper is to identify the optimal cut‐off point for the MUACZ to identify wasted children, and also to determine if the same factors are associated with MUACZ and wasting. Data were derived from the Suchana evaluation data. The optimal cut‐off value was estimated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using acute malnutrition as a gold standard with maximum sensitivity and specificity. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the associated factors with the MUACZ. Using the gold standard indicator of nonwasting (WLZ ≥ −2), a positive outcome, the optimal cut‐off point for the MUACZ was −1.27. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88, indicating that the model had a power of 88% to differentiate between the positive and negative classes. It implies that a child's MUACZ was correlated with WLZ, and a MUACZ below −1.27 appeared to accurately identify wasting among children aged 3–23 months. MUACZ < −1.27 might be another useful indicator of childhood wasting than a WLZ < −2.
Demography and evolutionary history of grey wolf populations around the Bering Strait
Authors: Pacheco Carolina , Stronen Astrid Vik , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Plis Kamila , Okhlopkov Innokentiy M. , Mamaev Nikolay V. , Drovetski Sergei V. , Godinho Raquel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlacial and interglacial periods throughout the Pleistocene have been substantial drivers of change in species distributions. Earlier analyses suggested that modern grey wolves (Canis lupus) trace their origin to a single Late Pleistocene Beringian population that expanded east and westwards, starting c. 25,000 years ago (ya). Here, we examined the demographic and phylogeographic histories of extant populations around the Bering Strait with wolves from two inland regions of the Russian Far East (RFE) and one coastal and two inland regions of North‐western North America (NNA), genotyped for 91,327 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results indicated that RFE and NNA wolves had a common ancestry until c. 34,400 ya, suggesting that these populations started to diverge before the previously proposed expansion out of Beringia. Coastal and inland NNA populations diverged c. 16,000 ya, concordant with the minimum proposed date for the ecological viability of the migration route along the Pacific Northwest coast. Demographic reconstructions for inland RFE and NNA populations reveal spatial and temporal synchrony, with large historical effective population sizes that declined throughout the Pleistocene, possibly reflecting the influence of broadscale climatic changes across continents. In contrast, coastal NNA wolves displayed a consistently lower effective population size than the inland populations. Differences between the demographic history of inland and coastal wolves may have been driven by multiple ecological factors, including historical gene flow patterns, natural landscape fragmentation, and more recent anthropogenic disturbance.