bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pflanzliche RNA-Editoren in diversen genetischen Systemen
Authors: Lesch Elena , Schallenberg-Rüdinger Mareike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given their endosymbiotic origin, plant mitochondria and plastids possess their own genomes. Within these genomes, pyrimidine transition mutations are enriched. They are fixed on RNA level through nuclear-encoded Pentatricopeptide Repeat (PPR) editing factors. We successfully expressed selected plant organellar PPR editors in diverse genetic contexts to investigate their applicability, specificity and mode of operation.
Homogenization of convolution type semigroups in high contrast media
Authors: Piatnitski Andrey , Zhizhina Elena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper deals with the asymptotic properties of semigroups associated with Markov jump processes in a high contrast periodic medium in

$$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

,

$$d\ge 1$$

d
≥
1

. In order to study the limit behaviour of these semigroups we equip the corresponding Markov processes with an extra variable that characterizes the position of the process inside the period, and show that the limit dynamics of these two-component processes remains Markov. We describe the limit process and prove the convergence of the corresponding semigroups as well as the convergence in law of the extended processes in the path space. Since the components of the limit process are coupled, the dynamics of the first (spacial) component need not have a semigroup property. We derive the evolution equation with a memory term for the dynamics of this component of the limit process. We also discuss the construction of the limit semigroup in the

$$L^2$$

L
2

space and study the spectrum of its generator.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Risk Factors, Myths, and Evidence-Based Management of Complications
Authors: Alsabri Mohammed , Rath Shree , Okaruefe Cynthia Oghenekome , Yoo Patrick , Aziz Mayam Mohamed , Shehada Wafaa , Abdelrahman Salma Tamer , Carr Lauren A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common condition among type 1 diabetics, commonly affecting those below the age of 20.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases like PubMed to identify primary studies conducted in children with DKA. Finally, 79 studies were included for qualitative synthesis.

Results
The disease is characterized by acute-onset metabolic and pathological derangements, necessitating immediate intervention. With the rising incidence, concerns have been emerging regarding the disparities in the presentation and treatment of DKA among different countries with inequitable resources. Within its management lies the common misconceptions, both among patients and primary physicians, prohibiting an optimistic approach to the disease. Pediatric children in particular need specialized treatment and care during an episode of DKA due to its long-term cognitive and neurological sequelae. Hence, efforts have been undertaken to ensure minimization of neurological damage when treating DKA. While guidelines are in place for treatment of DKA, there are considerable differences in their protocols across different regions.

Conclusion
It is imperative to analyze recent evidence and continually update treatment guidelines for DKA. Additionally, maximal efforts need to be taken to bridge the gap between different nations, allowing accessibility to equitable resources to all.
Fatigue performance of welded joints made of high-strength steel under variable amplitude loading conditions and varying mean stress
Authors: Grönlund Kiia , Ahola Antti , Lipiäinen Kalle , Pesonen Tero , Björk Timo , Moshtaghi Masoud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study experimentally and analytically investigates the effects of variable amplitude (VA) load sequence and varying mean stress on the fatigue strength of welded joints made of high-strength steel. The variable amplitude load spectra were constructed according to a Gaussian normal distribution, and the test series of increasing mean stress (constant maximum stress of the VA load) and decreasing mean stress (constant minimum stress) with identical equivalent stresses were implemented. The applied load spectra incorporated a high peak stress in the beginning of the block to further study the overload and residual stress relaxation effects. In addition, a notch-based fatigue assessment approach, the 4R method, was applied to these load cases. Analyses were conducted with the 4R method to analytically compute local elastic–plastic behavior, and the sequential effect of VA load cycles were considered in the mean stress correction. The fatigue test results showed that the mean stress had a significant impact on the fatigue strength of the welded joints in spite of identical equivalent loads. The difference between the mean fatigue strengths (Δσ
c,50% = 130 MPa and Δσ
c,50% = 80 MPa) of the two-test series was approximately 63% with the higher fatigue strength corresponding to low mean stress loading conditions.
Silicon alleviates drought stress by up-regulating physiological and biochemical responses in two contrasting bread wheat cultivars
Authors: Ashfaq Waseem , Kaleem Muhammad , Brodie Graham , Fuentes Sigfredo , Pang Alexis , Gupta Dorin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drought stress (DS) substantially reduces plant growth and productivity in a rainfed cropping environment. Silicon (Si) has been recognized for its potential to alleviate the detrimental effects of various environmental stresses. However, its precise mechanisms in mitigating early growth DS and its impact on related physiological and biochemical attributes remain less understood. The present study, conducted in a glasshouse using a complete randomized design with four replications, was aimed to explore the role of pre-sowing Si treatment on two contrasting wheat cultivars (RAC875, drought-tolerant; Kukri, drought-susceptible) in mitigating the physiological and biochemical disruptions induced by early growth DS (14 days at 38 ± 3% pot field capacity). The results showed that Si treatment significantly increased the number of productive tillers and fresh weight in both cultivars under DS. Compared to the control (DS without Si treatment), Si treatment significantly enhanced chlorophyll content (RAC875, 8.7%; Kukri, 12.7%), relative water content (RAC875, 10.8%; Kukri, 18.1%), and chlorophyll fluorescence (RAC875, 10.1%; Kukri, 22.3%) under DS conditions. Additionally, Si treatment increased total soluble sugars, fructose content, and free amino acids while reducing proline content and lipid peroxidation concentrations in both cultivars under DS. Moreover, Si treatment significantly boosted cellular antioxidant activities, including ascorbate peroxidase (RAC875, 11.3%; Kukri, 9.2%), catalase (RAC875, 22.2%; Kukri, 25.5%), and peroxidase (RAC875, 19%; Kukri, 15.8%) under DS. Overall, these results show that Si effectively alleviates early growth DS by up-regulating antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and the photochemical process, thereby improving plant growth and productivity through enhanced photosynthesis.
Pesticide use and the case for toxicity-based taxation: evidence from citrus greening in Florida
Authors: Rizk Audrey , Singerman Ariel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Farmers make pest and disease management decisions without facing the social costs derived from their input choices. But given the sizable externalities involved, there is a rationale for government intervention. We model the profit-maximizing problem of a representative farmer by specifying a functional form for the damage function that incorporates the biological impact of the pathogen-vector system on yield as well as the abating impact of insecticides on the vector population. We use citrus greening disease in Florida as a case study because farmers there adopted an insecticide program that caused toxicity per acre to increase by 472%. Our simulation results show that a tax rate based on toxicity provides farmers with a strong incentive to substitute highly toxic chemicals with less toxic alternatives. Such a tax is also more efficient relative to a quantity-based tax that achieves a similar reduction in toxicity because it results in a significantly lower reduction in farmers’ yield and profit.
First record of Prionotus punctatus (Triglidae) in central Patagonian waters, Southwest Atlantic: further evidence on the tropicalization of the Patagonian Sea
Authors: Jacobi Kevin Josue , Navoa Ximena , Cochia Pablo Daniel , Bovcon Nelson Darío 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A specimen of Prionotus punctatus was caught in Bahía Engaño, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. This extends the known distribution by 900 km and a 5.5° further south from its previous southernmost record. This record increases the number of species of the genus Prionotus and the fish diversity of central Patagonia. The presence of P. punctatus along with other recent reports of fish of tropical and subtropical lineages in central Patagonia adds new evidence on the ongoing tropicalization of the Patagonian Sea.
Ontogenetic habitat utilization of a coral reef fish, Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 in a tropical estuarine system, South India; A first report with its morphological and molecular descriptions
Authors: Balachandran Nidhin , Jose Deepak , Mahadevan Harikrishnan , Kutteri Sruthi , Mozhikulangara Rithin Raj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Providing nursery habitats to a number of marine fish larvae that recruit after prolonged pelagic larval duration, has been identified as one of ecosystem services rendered by estuaries and protected inshore water bodies like mangroves, mudflats, swamps, and marshes. Larval fish congregation and survival are largely dependent on abiotic and biotic potential of such systems and many migrant marine fishes are adapted to them. However, occurrences of larval forms of tropical reef-associated vagrant species which are known for extensive range adaptations generate considerable academic interest. The present study provides the first report of ontogenic habitat utilization of yellow fin surgeon fish, Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835 in a tropical microtidal positive estuary, the Vembanad lake, South India. Surface plankton collections from the downstream part of the estuary revealed considerable proportions of acanthurid larvae in post monsoon (mean 354 ± 180 numbers/100 m3) and pre monsoon (mean 217 ± 120 numbers/100 m3) while they were absent in monsoon season. These acronurus larval forms were morphologically identified and sorted before being subjected for DNA barcoding. Mitochondrial DNA COI sequences developed from morphologically characterized acronurus larvae exhibited genetic congruency to sequence of A. xanthopterus which was evident from phylogram (bootstrap support of 100) and genetic distance data (intraspecific distance of 0%). The study indicates that Acronurus larvae of A. xanthopterus, after extensive cross-habitat dispersal, utilize the estuarine habitat to promote potential growth.
Interacting with ChatGPT in essay writing: A study of L2 learners’ task motivation
Authors: Zare Javad , Al-Issa Ahmad , Ranjbaran Madiseh Fatemeh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explored the effects of interacting with ChatGPT 4.0 on L2 learners’ motivation to write English argumentative essays. Conducted at a public university in a non-English-speaking country, the study had an experimental and mixed-methods design. It utilized both quantitative and qualitative data analyses to inform the development of effective AI-enhanced tailored interventions for teaching L2 essay writing. Overall, the results revealed that interacting with ChatGPT 4.0 had a positive lasting effect on learners’ motivation to write argumentative essays in English. However, a decline in their motivation at the delayed post-intervention stage suggested the need to maintain a balance between utilizing ChatGPT as a writing support tool and enhancing their independent writing capabilities. Learners attributed the increase in their motivation to several factors, including their perceived improvement in essay writing skills, the supportive learning environment created by ChatGPT as a tutor, positive interactions with it, and the development of meta-cognitive awareness by addressing their specific writing issues. The study highlights the potential of AI-based tools in enhancing L2 learners’ motivation in English classrooms.
WADEM Position Statement: Disaster Medicine Education in Health Care Profession Training
Authors: Shanes Andrew , Shecter Ilana , Davis Morgan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Disaster Medicine is a critical and often neglected component of health care. The World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) Board of Directors, as well as the WADEM Student and Young Professional Special Interest Group, recognize the importance of introducing Disaster Medicine concepts early in health care education and have put forth a position statement emphasizing this importance. As leaders in Disaster Medicine, we aim to highlight the need for the integration of Disaster Medicine education into health care profession training. By acknowledging this educational need and by providing recommendations to appropriate stakeholders, we anticipate that this investment in Disaster Medicine education will assist in developing well-prepared health care professionals who will improve prehospital and emergency medicine, public health, and day-to-day health care throughout local and global communities.
Manifesting a Shift in the “Overton Window”: The Threat of Project 2025 on the LGBTQ+ Community in Higher Education
Authors: King Athena M. , Sanatkar Sara 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Since the first Trump administration, historically marginalized groups in the United States have been subjected to greater instances of bigotry and discrimination due to conservative influence on sociopolitical institutions. These actions suggest a shift in the “Overton Window,” whereby policy preferences previously deemed “unacceptable” are given consideration in the mainstream, especially by conservative policy actors. “Project 2025” is a comprehensive plan to restructure the federal government according to conservative dictates in the second Trump administration. This article is an examination of how higher education may be impacted by this plan, especially as it relates to LGBTQ+1 faculty, administration, staff, and students.
Food hygiene practice and associated factors among food handlers working in food establishments in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atalay Yibeltal Assefa , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Food hygiene practices are crucial to avoid foodborne illness and improve human well-being. Millions of people get sick, and many of them pass away due to eating unhealthy food. Foodborne diseases are still a public health problem in developing countries.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with food hygiene practices among food handlers in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
An extensive search was conducted using various databases including PubMed, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. The search results were then extracted using Microsoft Excel. The data analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, and more objectively through Begg and Egger regression test, with P < 0.05 considered to indicate potential publication bias. A random effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hygienic food handling practices. Sub-group analysis was done by country and study site.

Results:
To estimate the pooled prevalence of food hygiene practices in sub-Saharan Africa, 42 reviewed studies and 12,367 study participants were included. The pooled prevalence of food hygiene practices among food handlers in sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 50.68% (95% CI: 45.35, 56.02) in this study. Factors associated with food hygiene practices included lack of food safety training (OR = 2.14 95% CI: 0.68, 6.76), negative attitude (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.09), and lack of regular medical checkups (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.65) among food handlers.

Conclusion:
This research found that only half of sub-Saharan Africa’s food handlers had good food hygiene practices. Lack of food safety training, a lack of regular medical checkups, and unfavorable attitudes toward food hygiene practices were factors contributing to food hygiene practices. Thus, the authors recommended that food workers receive food safety training about food hygiene and safety procedures.
Family caregivers’ role in dignity: A qualitative study can we change the title to : Dignity in Serious Illness: A Qualitative Exploration of Family Caregivers’ Contributions in low middle-income country
Authors: Sailian Silva Dakessian , Salifu Yakubu , Preston Nancy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Dignity is perceived as being valued and respected. Maintaining dignity throughout illness is a fundamental principle of palliative care. Dignity can be influenced through family caregiver’s communication, support, and acts of empathy or indifference among other factors. The perception of dignity and the practices adopted by family caregivers to preserve the dignity of their ill relative with serious illness in Lebanon are explored in this paper.

Methods
This is a part of a larger study that explored the understanding of dignity from patients’ and family caregivers’ perspectives in a palliative care context. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with 15 family caregivers. Interviews were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis.

Results
Four main themes, that explained how family caregivers understand, and uphold their relative’s dignity during illness, were developed:
(a) Familial duty expressed through presence and compassion;
(b) Holistic care and financial stability;
(c) Social connection and family roles;
(d) Compassionate services and communication.
Family caregivers maintained the dignity of their ill relatives through being there, compassionate communication, supporting the personal and medical needs of the patient, and helping them preserve their family role. Family caregiving was often underpinned by religious values and a sense of duty. Compassionate services and effective communication were essential to preserve dignity of the ill relative during hospitalizations.

Significance of results
Family caregivers assume multiple roles in fostering the dignity of relatives with serious illnesses. It is crucial that family caregivers are supported by policies, healthcare systems, and community initiatives as patients cannot thrive nor sustain dignity without their support.
Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism: a hidden force regulating the occurrence and progression of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jinglei , Ruan Kaiyi , Chu Zhuohuan , Wang Xiang , Gu Ye , Jin Hangbin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Liu Qiang , Yang Jianfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that originates from the bile duct epithelium and with a poor outcome due to lack of effective early diagnostic methods. Surgical resection is the preferred method for cure, but treatment options are limited for advanced diseases, such as distant metastatic or locally progressive tumors. Therefore, it is urgent to explore other new treatment methods. As modern living standards rise, the acceptance of high-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate diets is growing among the public, and the resulting metabolic abnormalities are intimately linked to the initiation and spread of tumors. Metabolic reprogramming is a key mechanism in the process of tumor development and progression and is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism, an integral component of cancer cell metabolism, can provide an energy source for cancer cells and participate in cell signaling, the regulation of the immune response and the maintenance of homeostasis of the internal environment, which are closely linked to the development and progression of CCA. Therefore, a better understanding of FA metabolism may provide promising strategies for early diagnosis, prognostic assessment and targeted therapy for CCA patients. In this paper, we review the effects of FA metabolism on CCA development and progression, summarize related mechanisms and the existing clinical applications of targeted lipid metabolism in CCA, and explore new targets for CCA metabolic therapy.
Targeted temperature management alleviates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Du Weiwei , Kong Ting , Hua Tianfeng , Ma Honghao , Hu Yan , Pan Sinong , Ling Bingrui , Yang Min , Cheng Cheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a vital intervention for cardiac arrest survivors to mitigate post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD). However, the optimal temperature for TTM remains a topic of debate. This study investigates the effects of TTM at different temperatures and explores the underlying mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We found that TTM at 33 °C significantly improved post-resuscitation hemodynamics and myocardial function, reducing both myocardial and mitochondrial damage in the rat model of CA/CPR. Additionally, Deferoxamin (DFO), as an iron chelating agent, also demonstrated protective effects against PRMD. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that hypothermia at 33 °C and DFO mitigated mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and iron overload, while suppressing ferritinophagy and ferroptosis. Furthermore, TTM at 33 °C and DFO facilitated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), with Nrf2 activation leading to inhibited ferritinophagy and enhanced iron export. Our findings indicate that TTM at 33° C, as opposed to 36° C, significantly alleviates PRMD and reduced myocardial damage by inhibiting ferroptosis. Theses protective effects are associated with Nrf2 activation and modulation of iron homeostasis. Moreover, DFO not only suppressed ferroptosis through its iron chelation properties but also by activating the Nrf2 axis.