bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of labor pain management methods and associated factors among obstetric care givers at public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2020: a facility based cross – sectional study
Authors: Shiferaw Aster , Temesgen Belsity , Alamirew Nakachew Mekonnen , Wube Tejitu , worku Yichalem 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Labor Pain is “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, affects parturient and fetuses’. Developed countries regularly use obstetric analgesia but in developing countries, including Ethiopia pain is neglected and most women go through painful labor. The study was conducted in public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone; Amhara region, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess utilization of labor pain management methods and associated factors among obstetric care givers in the study setting.

Method
Facility-based cross sectional study design was carried out in public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone from April 15 to May 15, 2020. Semi Structured questionnaires were used and 305 obstetric care givers were participated. Stratified sampling technique was used. Data was entered by Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis was done and Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with 95% CI was used to saw the association of dependent and independent variables at p < 0.05.

Result
Utilization of labor pain management methods in this study was 48.9%. In Multivariate logistic regression; Professional knowledge [AOR = 2.006, 95% CI = ((1.032–3.898)], availability of drug and equipment [AOR = 2.937, 95% CI= (1.311–6.578)] and allow companionship [AOR = 2.587, 95% CI= (1.322–5.063)] were significantly associated with utilization of labor pain management methods.

Conclusion and recommendation
This study showed low utilization of labor pain management methods. Adequate knowledge, allow accompany and availability of drug & equipment were factors associated with use of labor pain relief options .so it is important to build knowledge of obstetric care givers, availing drugs and materials and make safe the environment for accompany ship to improving use of labor pain management.
Non-adjustable surgery for acute acquired comitant esotropia under general anesthesia
Authors: Lim Soo Hyun , Lee Yoon Gon , Kim Ungsoo Samuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
To investigate the surgical results of the non-adjustable suture technique under general anesthesia for the correction of acute acquired comitant esotropia.

Study design:
Retrospective case study.

Methods:
Patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia who underwent corrective surgery from September 2008 to June 2018 were included. Surgical treatment was conducted based on the measured maximum angle after occlusion for at least 1 h; all surgeries were performed using the non-adjustable suture technique under general anesthesia. Motor success was categorized into three groups: good, ortho; fair, 2 to 8 prism diopters (PD); and poor, over 8 PD. Sensory success was divided into two groups: good (no diplopia with binocular vision) and poor (no stereopsis with diplopia).

Results:
40 patients (21 male and 19 female, 28.78 ± 15.32 years old) were included. Preoperative esodeviation was 28.0 ± 12.8 PD. Mean refractive error was − 2.5 ± 2.5 D (spherical equivalent). After the occlusion of one eye, 14 patients (35%) showed an esodeviation increase of more than 5 PD. There were 70% good, 25% fair, and 5% poor outcomes regarding motor success. 96% of the patients demonstrated good sensory success.

Conclusion:
The non-adjustable correction based on the maximum angle after 1 h had a relatively excellent motor and sensory success rate.
A qualitative study on gender inequality and gender-based violence in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Pranab , Joshi Sunil Kumar , Swahnberg Katarina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gender inequality and violence are not mutually exclusive phenomena but complex loops affecting each other. Women in Nepal face several inequalities and violence. The causes are diverse, but most of these results are due to socially assigned lower positioning of women. The hierarchies based on power make women face subordination and violence in Nepal. The study aims to explore participants' understanding and experience to identify the status of inequality for women and how violence emerges as one of its consequences. Furthermore, it explores the causes of sex trafficking as an example of an outcome of inequality and violence.

Method
The study formulated separate male and female groups using a purposive sampling method. The study used a multistage focus group discussion, where the same groups met at different intervals. Six focus group discussions, three times each with male and female groups, were conducted in a year. Thirty-six individuals, including sixteen males and twenty females, were involved in the discussions. The study used constructivist grounded theory for the data analysis.

Results
The study participants identify that a power play between men and women reinforce inequality and increases the likelihood of violence for women. The findings suggest that the subjugation of women occurs due to practices based on gender differences, constricted life opportunities, and internalization of constructed differences among women. The study identifies that interpersonal and socio-cultural violence can result due to established differences between men and women. Sex trafficking, as an example of the outcome of inequality and violence, occurs due to the disadvantageous position of women compounded by poverty and illiteracy. The study has developed a concept of power-play which is identified as a cause and consequence of women's subordination and violence. This power play is found operative at various levels with social approval for men to use violence and maintain/produce inequality.

Conclusion
The theoretical concept of power play shows that there are inequitable power relations between men and women. The male-centric socio-cultural norms and practices have endowed men with privilege, power, and an opportunity to exploit women. This lowers the status of women and the power-play help to produce and sustain inequality. The power-play exposes women to violence and manifests itself as one of the worst expressions used by men.
County-level associations between food retailer availability and violent crime rate
Authors: Singleton Chelsea R. , Winata Fikriyah , Adams Ashley M. , McLafferty Sara L. , Sheehan Karen M. , Zenk Shannon N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Violent crime (i.e., homicide, armed robbery, aggravated assault, and rape) continues to be a major public health concern in America. Several studies have linked the availability and density of specific features of the retail food environment, such as convenience stores and liquor stores, to violent crime rates due to the criminal activity that often occurs in and near these retailers. Nevertheless, there continues to be limited understanding of how other features (e.g., grocery stores, supercenters, restaurants, etc.) are associated with violent crime occurrence. This study aimed to fill this gap in knowledge by examining U.S. county-level associations between food retailer availability and violent crime rate.

Methods
We analyzed 2014 data on 3108 counties from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Environment Atlas and Department of Justice’s Unified Crime Reporting Program. Per capita food retailer measures represented the number of stores per 10,000 county residents. Violent crime rate represented the number of police reported violent crimes per 10,000 county residents. We used spatial lag regression models to assess associations between per capita retailer availability and violent crime rate after adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., % under 18, % Black, % Hispanic, % poverty, population density, etc.). In addition, we examined stratified OLS regression models to evaluate associations by metropolitan county status.

Results
Adjusted spatial regression models revealed that greater supercenter availability [β: 2.42; 95% CI: 0.91–3.93; p-value: 0.001] and greater fast food restaurant availability [β: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.18–0.42; p-value: < 0.001] were associated with higher violent crime rate.
Greater availability of farmers’ markets [β: -0.42; 95% CI: -0.77 – − 0.07); p-value: 0.02] was associated with lower violent crime rate. Associations varied between metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties. Stratified OLS models revealed that greater grocery store availability was associated with lower violent crime rate among metropolitan counties only. Greater fast food restaurant availability was associated with lower violent crime rate among non-metropolitan counties only.

Conclusions
Certain features of the retail food environment appear to be associated with county-level violent crime rates in America. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the influence of food retail and food landscape on violent crime occurrence at the community level.
It is unlikely that oxygen supplementation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure reduce cardiac troponin level
Authors: Kononova Natalia , Einvik Gunnar , Holmedahl Nils Henrik , Hagve Tor-Arne , Omland Torbjørn , Søyseth Vidar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a biomarker of myocardial injury frequently elevated in COPD patients, potentially because of hypoxemia. This non-randomised observational study investigates whether long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT) reduces the cTnT level.

Methods
We compared cTnT between COPD patients who were candidates for LTOT (n = 20) with two reference groups. Patients from both reference groups were matched with the index group using propensity score.Reference groups consists of institutional pulmonary rehabilitation patients (short-term group) (n = 105 after matching n = 11) and outpatients at a pulmonary rehabilitation clinic (long-term group)(n = 62 after matching n = 10). Comparison was done within 24 h after LTOT initiation in first reference group and within 6 months after inclusion in the second group.

Results
The geometric mean of (standard deviation in parentheses) cTnT decreased from 17.8 (2.3) ng/L (between 8 and 9 a.m.) to 15.4 (2.5) ng/L between 1 and 2 p.m. in the LTOT group, and from 18.4 (4.8) ng/L to15.4 (2.5) ng/L in group (1) The corresponding long-term results were 17.0 (2.9) ng/L at inclusion (between 10 and 12 a.m.) to 18.4 (2.4) ng/L after 3 months in the LTOT-group, and from 14.0 (2.4) ng/L to 15.4 (2.5) ng/L after 6 months in group (2) None of the differences in cTnT during the follow-up between the LTOT-group and their matched references were significant.

Conclusion
Initiation of LTOT was not associated with an early or sustained reduction in cTnT after treatment with oxygen supplementation.
Bronchial artery embolization for the management of frequent hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis
Authors: Lu Guang-Dong , Yan Hai-Tao , Zhang Jin-Xing , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai-Bin , Zu Qing-Quan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) compared with conservative therapy for the treatment of frequent hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis.

Methods
From January 2015 to December 2019, consecutive patients who were admitted due to frequent (more than three times per year) bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis were retrospectively reviewed. Those who were treated with either BAE (n = 69) or conservative therapy (n = 47) were enrolled for analysis. The technical success, clinical success, and complications of the BAE procedure were evaluated. Long-term hemoptysis-free survival rates and clinical success were compared between patients in the BAE group and patients in the conservative group. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictors of recurrent hemoptysis.

Results
The technical success rate was 100% for the BAE procedure, and clinical success was achieved in 92.8% (64 of 69) of cases. No major procedure-related complications occurred, and minor complications were observed in 16 cases (23.2%). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year hemoptysis-free survival rates were 88.3, 71.3, and 66.2%, respectively, for the BAE group and 31.9, 17.6, and 2.5%, respectively, for the conservative treatment group (P <  0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that BAE was a protective factor against recurrent hemoptysis in treated patients. In addition, the presence of cystic bronchiectasis was the only independent risk factor for rebleeding in the whole population and in the BAE group.

Conclusions
BAE may provide an effective option for patients with frequent bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis, especially for those without cystic bronchiectasis.
What do Turkish, Spanish, and Pakistani medical students value in specialty training positions? A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kıyak Yavuz Selim , Budakoğlu Işıl İrem , García-Estañ Joaquín , Atta Komal , Coşkun Özlem , Koyun Emin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to find out specialty training preferences of senior medical students from three medical schools in Turkey, Spain, and Pakistan.Methods:A Discrete Choice Experiment was carried out using an electronic form for students in three countries in 2021–2022 term. Each choice set in the form consisted of two hypothetical specialty training positions. The attributes were location, earnings, working conditions, personal perspective, quality of education, probability of malpractice, and prestige. Conditional logit model was used to estimate participants’ preferences and “willingness to accept” values.Results:The most valued attribute was “personal perspective on specialty area” for Turkish and Spanish students, while this attribute was not meaningful for Pakistani students. Turkish students needed a 204% of change in their income for a swap between the specialty that they like and not like. This tradeoff necessitated a 300% change for Spanish students. The most valued attribute for Pakistani students, which was “working conditions”, necessitated a 97% increase in income to switch from working in good conditions to working in poor conditions.Conclusion:In this first multinational DCE study in the medical education literature, we found the preferences of medical students in Turkey, Spain, and Pakistan are affected to various extents by several factors.
The view of Hong Kong parents on secondary use of dried blood spots in newborn screening program
Authors: Hui L. L. , Nelson E. A.S. , Deng H. B. , Leung T. Y. , Ho C. H. , Chong J. S.C. , Fung G. P.G. , Hui J. , Lam H. S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Residual dried blood spots (rDBS) from newborn screening programmes represent a valuable resource for medical research, from basic sciences, through clinical to public health. In Hong Kong, there is no legislation for biobanking. Parents’ view on the retention and use of residual newborn blood samples could be cultural-specific and is important to consider for biobanking of rDBS.

Objective
To study the views and concerns on long-term storage and secondary use of rDBS from newborn screening programmes among Hong Kong Chinese parents.

Methods
A mixed-method approach was used to study the views and concerns on long-term storage and secondary use of rDBS from newborn screening programmes among Hong Kong Chinese parents of children 0–3 years or expecting parents through focus groups (8 groups; 33 participants) and a survey (n = 1012, 85% mothers) designed with insights obtained from the focus groups. We used framework analysis to summarise the themes as supportive factors, concerns and critical arguments for retention and secondary use of rDBS from focus group discussion. We used multiple logistic regression to assess factors associated with support for retention and secondary use of rDBS in the survey.

Results
Both in focus groups and survey, majority of parents were not aware of the potential secondary use of rDBS. Overall secondary use of rDBS in medical research was well accepted by a large proportion of Hong Kong parents, even if all potential future research could not be specified in a broad consent. However parents were concerned about potential risks of biobanking rDBS including leaking of data and mis-use of genetic information. Parents wanted to be asked for permission before rDBS are stored and mainly did not accept an “opt-out” approach. The survey showed that parents born in mainland China, compared to Hong Kong born parents, had lower awareness of newborn screening but higher support in biobanking rDBS. Higher education was associated with support in rDBS biobanking only among fathers.

Conclusion
Long-term storage and secondary use of rDBS from newborn screening for biomedical research and a broad consent for biobanking of rDBS are generally acceptable to Hong Kong parents given their autonomy is respected and their privacy is protected, highlighting the importance of an accountable governance and a transparent access policy for rDBS biobanks.
Prophylactic antibiotic use during labor and delivery in China: a nationwide, multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Lian Qiguo , Zheng Tao , Huo Xiaona , Zhang Jun , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Prophylactic antibiotic use during delivery is common in routine obstetric practice to prevent infection globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In China, however, little is currently known about the national estimates for prophylactic antibiotic use during delivery. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of prophylactic antibiotic use and guideline adherence using national data in China.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed a national dataset from the China Labor and Delivery Survey in 2015–2016. The primary outcomes were prophylactic antibiotic use and clinician adherence to WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infections. We estimated the weighted prevalence of the outcomes with Taylor series linearization and investigated the associated factors of the outcomes with logistic regression.

Results
Of the 72,519 deliveries, the prevalence of antibiotic prophylaxis was 52.0%, varying from 92.8% in Shanxi to 17.3% in Hainan. The prevalence of clinician adherence to the WHO guideline was 79.9%, ranging from 93.4% in Shandong to 50.0% in Shanxi. Prophylactic antibiotic use was associated with cesarean delivery (AOR, 55.77; 95%CI, 25.74–120.86), operative vaginal delivery (AOR, 4.00; 95%CI, 1.64–9.78), preterm (AOR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.60–2.41), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (AOR, 2.80; 95%CI, 1.87–4.18), and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.30–2.81) in all deliveries and also episiotomy (AOR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.02–2.16) in vaginal deliveries. Clinician adherence was positively associated with cesarean delivery (AOR, 5.72; 95%CI, 2.74–11.93) while negatively associated with operative vaginal delivery (AOR, 0.26; 95%CI, 0.11–0.61), PROM (AOR, 0.50; 95%CI, 0.35–0.70), and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.48–0.91) in all deliveries. In vaginal deliveries, clinician adherence was negatively associated with episiotomy (AOR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.46–0.96) and severe perineal trauma (AOR, 0.09; 95%CI, 0.02–0.44). Besides, clinicians in general hospitals prescribed prophylactic antibiotics more likely (AOR, 2.79; 95%CI, 1.50–5.19) and had a lower adherence (AOR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.20–0.71) than their peers in maternity hospitals.

Conclusions
We observed that about half of all deliveries in China received antibiotics for prophylaxis, and most deliveries were prescribed according to the WHO guideline. Furthermore, the two prevalence rates for prophylactic antibiotic use and clinician adherence varied widely across provinces of China.
Mendelian randomization analysis of factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: D’Urso Shannon , Arumugam Pooja , Weider Therese , Hwang Liang-Dar , Bond Tom A. , Kemp John P. , Warrington Nicole M. , Evans David M. , O’Mara Tracy A. , Moen Gunn-Helen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Observational epidemiological studies suggest a link between several factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer (EC) risk; however, it is not clear whether these relationships are causal, and whether the risk factors act independently of each other. The aim of this study was to investigate putative causal relationships between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and EC risk.

Methods
We conducted a series of observational analyses to investigate various risk factors and EC risk in the UK Biobank (UKBB). Additionally, multivariate analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and other related factors such as age at natural menopause, age at menarche, and body mass index (BMI). Secondly, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess if these observed relationships were causal. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from previous studies of woman’s number of live births, age at menopause and menarche, and BMI. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis using the UKBB to identify SNPs associated with years ovulating, years using the contraceptive pill, and age at last live birth.

Results
We found evidence for a causal effect of the number of live births (inverse variance weighted (IVW) odds ratio (OR): 0.537, p = 0.006), the number of years ovulating (IVW OR: 1.051, p = 0.014), in addition to the known risk factors BMI, age at menarche, and age at menopause on EC risk in the univariate MR analyses. Due to the close relationships between these factors, we followed up with multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. Results from the MVMR analysis showed that number of live births had a causal effect on EC risk (OR: 0.783, p = 0.036) independent of BMI, age at menarche and age at menopause.

Conclusions
MVMR analysis showed that the number of live births causally reduced the risk of EC.
Maternal factors during pregnancy influencing maternal, fetal, and childhood outcomes
Authors: Muglia Louis J. , Benhalima Katrien , Tong Stephen , Ozanne Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnhancing pregnancy health is known to improve the mother’s and offspring’s life-long well-being. The maternal environment, encompassing genetic factors, impacts of social determinants, the nutritional/metabolic milieu, and infections and inflammation, have immediate consequences for the in utero development of the fetus and long-term programming into childhood and adulthood. Moreover, adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth or preeclampsia, often attributed to the maternal environmental factors listed above, have been associated with poor maternal cardiometabolic health after pregnancy. In this BMC Medicine article collection, we explore a broad spectrum of maternal characteristics across pregnancy and postnatal phenotypes, anticipating substantial cross-fertilization of new understanding and shared mechanisms around diverse outcomes. Advances in the ability to leverage ‘omics across different platforms (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, lipidome), large high-dimensional population databases, and unique cohorts are generating exciting new insights: The first articles in this collection highlight the role of placental biomarkers of preterm birth, metabolic influences on fetal and childhood growth, and the impact of common pre-existing maternal disorders, obesity and smoking on pregnancy outcomes, and the child’s health. As the collection grows, we look forward to seeing the connections emerge across maternal, fetal, and childhood outcomes that will foster new insights and preventative strategies for women.