bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between multiple patient safety outcomes and healthcare and hospital-related risk factors in colorectal resection cases: cross-sectional evidence from a nationwide sample of 232 German hospitals
Authors: Walther Felix , Schmitt Jochen , Eberlein-Gonska Maria , Kuhlen Ralf , Scriba Peter , Schoffer Olaf , Roessler Martin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesStudies analysing colorectal resections usually focus on a specific outcome (eg, mortality) and/or specific risk factors at the individual (eg, comorbidities) or hospital (eg, volume) level. Comprehensive evidence across different patient safety outcomes, risk factors and patient groups is still scarce. Therefore the aim of this analysis was to investigate consistent relationships between multiple patient safety outcomes, healthcare and hospital risk factors in colorectal resection cases.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGerman inpatient routine care data of colorectal resections between 2016 and 2018.ParticipantsWe analysed 54 168 colon resection and 20 395 rectum resection cases treated in German hospitals. The German Inpatient Quality Indicators were used to define colon resections and rectum resections transparently.Primary outcome measuresAdditionally to in-hospital death, postoperative respiratory failure, renal failure and postoperative wound infections we included multiple patient safety outcomes as primary outcomes/dependent variables for our analysis. Healthcare (eg, weekend surgery), hospital (eg, volume) and case (eg, age) characteristics served as independent covariates in a multilevel logistic regression model. The estimated regression coefficients were transferred into ORs.ResultsWeekend surgery, emergency admissions and transfers from other hospitals were significantly associated (ORs ranged from 1.1 to 2.6) with poor patient safety outcome (ie, death, renal failure, postoperative respiratory failure) in colon resections and rectum resections. Hospital characteristics showed heterogeneous effects. In colon resections hospital volume was associated with insignificant or adverse associations (postoperative wound infections: OR 1.168 (95% CI 1.030 to 1.325)) to multiple patient safety outcomes. In rectum resections hospital volume was protectively associated with death, renal failure and postoperative respiratory failure (ORs ranged from 0.7 to 0.8).ConclusionsTransfer from other hospital and emergency admission are constantly associated with poor patient safety outcome. Hospital variables like volume, ownership or localisation did not show consistent relationships to patient safety outcomes.Trial registration numberISRCTN10188560.
Learning practices of experienced healthcare teams and dyads in acute care settings: a scoping review
Authors: Walker Katie , Asoodar Maryam , Rudolph Jenny , Meguerdichian Michael , Yusaf Tricia , Campbell-Taylor Kimberly , van Merriënboer Jeroen 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo map the evidence on learning practices currently used by experienced healthcare teams and dyads. The hypothesis is that through reviewing the literature we will identify the number and array of current learning practices. Through the lens of collaboration, the authors’ goal is to map current practice to guide future research, policy and practice.SettingThe review included studies from North America, Europe, Australasia and Asia. All studies were conducted in acute care settings such as operating rooms, emergency rooms, intensive care units and simulation centres.ParticipantsThe participants were experienced healthcare professionals who work in acute care settings of any age or any sex. The group was interprofessional including two or more disciplines and/or professions. Characteristics of the participants who were excluded were students, novices, healthcare professionals who work in non-acute care settings and single profession studies.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAligned to the protocol quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate and categorise the study findings. Secondary outcome measures were the different types of learning practices used together to produce excellence.ResultsMost empirical studies were qualitative studies (46%), 31% were mixed methods and 23% were quantitative studies. There were also 24 reviews and 10 commentaries. The most frequent learning practices were structured observation and case scenarios (21%) followed by audio/video analysis and surveys (17%). Next was interviews and didactic presentations (12%) followed by prebriefing/debriefing and checklists (11%). Other learning practices accounted for less than 10%. Overall, 84 of the 86 publications, examined learning practices of teams larger than two participants.ConclusionsWhile the quality of studies was high, and there was a broad range of empirical studies, reviews and commentaries, there was no consensus on best practice in determining which learning practices to use and measurement of the effect of these practices.
Protocol for the development and multisite validation of the Quality of Dying and Death-Revised Global Version scale
Authors: An Ekaterina , Tilly Alyssa , Mah Kenneth , Lewin Warren , Chandrakumar Mano , Baguio Arnell , Jaffer Nazira , Chikasema Maria , Thambo Lameck , Ntizimira Christian , Namisango Eve , Hales Sarah , Zimmermann Camilla , Wolofsky Kayla , Goombs Mary , Rodin Gary 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionEvaluating the quality of dying and death is essential to ensure high-quality end-of-life care. The Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) scale is the best-validated measure of the construct, but many items are not relevant to participants, particularly in low-resource settings. The aim of this multisite cross-sectional study is to develop and validate the QODD-Revised Global Version (QODD-RGV), to enhance ease of completion and relevance in higher-resource and lower-resource settings.Methods and analysisThis study will be a two-arm, multisite evaluation of the cultural relevance, reliability and validity of the QODD-RGV across four participating North American hospices and a palliative care site in Malawi, Africa. Bereaved caregivers and healthcare providers of patients who died at a participating North American hospice and bereaved caregivers of patients who died of cancer at the Malawian palliative care site will complete the QODD-RGV and validation measures. Cognitive interviews with subsets of North American and Malawian caregivers will assess the perceived relevance of the scale items. Psychometric evaluations will include internal consistency and convergent and concurrent validity.Ethics and disseminationThe North American arm received approval from the University Health Network Research Ethics Board (21-5143) and the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board (21-1172). Ethics approval for the Malawi arm is being obtained from the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board and the Malawian National Health Science Research Committee. Study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.
Constraints on the magnetized Ernst black hole spacetime through quasiperiodic oscillations
Authors: Shaymatov Sanjar , Jamil Mubasher , Jusufi Kimet , Bamba Kazuharu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the dynamics of test particles around a magnetized Ernst black hole considering its magnetic field in the environment surrounding the black hole. We show how its magnetic field can influence the dynamics of particles and epicyclic motion around the black hole. Based on the analysis, we find that the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for both neutral and charged test particles and epicyclic frequencies are strongly affected by the influence of the magnetic field. We also show that the ISCO radius of charged particles decreases rapidly. It turns out that the gravitational and Lorentz forces of the magnetic field are combined, thus strongly shrinking the values of the ISCO of charged test particles. Finally, we obtain the generic form for the epicyclic frequencies and select three microquasars with known astrophysical quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) data to constrain the magnetic field. We show that the magnetic field is of the order of magnitude $$B\sim 10^{-7}$$

B
∼

10

-
7

Gauss, taking into account the motion of neutral particles in circular orbit about the black hole.
Light-by-light scattering at future $$e^+e^-$$ colliders
Authors: Ellis John , Mavromatos Nick E. , Roloff Philipp , You Tevong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the sensitivity of possible CLIC and FCC-ee measurements of light-by-light scattering to old and new physics, including the Heisenberg–Euler Lagrangian in the Standard Model with possible contributions from loops of additional charged particles or magnetic monopoles, the Born–Infeld extension of QED, and effective dimension-8 operators involving four electromagnetic field strengths as could appear in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We find that FCC-ee measurements at 365 GeV and CLIC measurements at 350 GeV would be sensitive to new physics scales of half a TeV in the dimension-8 operator coefficients, and that CLIC measurements at 1.4 TeV or 3 TeV would be sensitive to new physics scales $$\sim 2$$

∼
2

TeV or 5 TeV at 95% CL, corresponding to probing loops of new particles with masses up to $$\sim 3.7$$

∼
3.7

TeV for large charges and/or multiple species. Within Born–Infeld theory, the $$95\%$$

95
%

CL sensitivities would range from $$\sim 300$$

∼
300

GeV to 1.3 or 2.8 TeV for the high-energy CLIC options. Measurements of light-by-light scattering would not exclude monopole production at FCC-hh, except in the context of Born–Infeld theory.
Why the First-Past-the-Post Electoral System is Elusive in Somalia
Authors: Muyonga Doreen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The hopes of Somalia transitioning to a democratic electoral system have once again dwindled following its recent decision to conduct the 2021/22 general elections using the old indirect clan-based model. Although this model has been widely faulted for being systematically unjust since it privileges the interests of the big clans, Somalia has for a long time relied on it to arrive at its political leaders. But the big question remains; why is it difficult for Somalia to transition to a democratic electoral system that will provide for competitive politics? The paper finds that implementing the proposed first-past-the-post electoral system in Somalia has proved difficult due to the following issues: A fragile security situation; weak state institutions; clan and sub-clan divisions; tensions between central government and federal member states; lack of political goodwill; financial and logistical challenges; and constant interference from external actors. The paper also observes that changing the electoral system is not the solution to the challenges facing the country. On the contrary, the cure to Somalia’s political conflict can only be found in its own traditional institutions. As imperfect as the clan-based model may appear, it has succeeded to a great extent in promoting unity among the different clans. It is against this backdrop that this paper recommends the strengthening of the old clan-based electoral system to realize a stable Somalia so as to pave way for democratizing the country’s electoral system in future.
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Separovic Leo , Charron Martin , Deng Xingxiu , Gagnon Normand , Houtekamer Pieter L. , Patoine Alain 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability of a stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach to represent uncertainties in the model component of the Canadian Global Ensemble Prediction System was demonstrated in Part I of this investigation. The goal of this second step in SPP evaluation is to determine whether the scheme represents a viable alternative to the current operational combination of a multiphysics configuration and stochastically perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT). An assessment of the impact of each model uncertainty estimate in isolation reveals that, although the multiphysics configuration is highly effective at generating ensemble spread, it is often the result of differing biases rather than a reflection of flow-dependent error growth. Moreover, some of the members of the multiphysics ensemble suffer from large errors on regional scales as a result of suboptimal configurations. The SPP scheme generates a greater diversity of member solutions than the SPPT scheme in isolation, and it has an impact on forecast performance that is similar to that of current operational uncertainty estimates. When the SPP framework is combined with recent upgrades to the model physics suite that are only applicable in the stochastic perturbation context, the quality of global ensemble guidance is significantly improved.

Significance Statement
The stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) technique was introduced in Part I to represent model uncertainties in forecasts generated by an operational global ensemble prediction system. We focus here on the viability of this technique as a replacement for the system’s current uncertainty estimates: multiphysics and stochastic perturbations of physics tendencies. Despite the practical success of this combination, it suffers from physical inconsistencies and poor conservation properties. The adoption of SPP allows the ensemble to benefit from a recent set of model updates that couple with this new representation of model uncertainty to yield significant improvements in the quality of forecasts generated by the system.
Model-free Bias Reduction of Storey’s Estimator for the Proportion of True Null Hypotheses
Authors: Biswas Aniket 
Published: July 2022

Storey’s bootstrap estimator for the proportion of true null hypotheses ( π0) has a known bias structure but the amount of bias is obviously unknown. A new method has been proposed in this work to reduce bias of the estimator. The proposed method partitions differential gene expression and similar data sets randomly and repeatedly to first approximate the bias and then corrects it in the final estimate. Unlike some recent developments, the method does not require any model assumption. The proposed method depends on some tuning parameters. For practical applicability of the method, ideal choices of the tuning parameters are given based on numerical results. Extensive simulation experiments show favourable results for the proposed method over the popular robust estimators in the literature. Two real-life microarray data sets have been studied to demonstrate the applicability of the final bias and variance reduced estimator. AMS 2010 subject classifications: 62F10, 62F40
Ōtani Expeditions into Central Asia (1902–1914)
Authors: Küçükyalçın Erdal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe three Ōtani Expeditions (1902–1914) constitute the first non-Western attempt to carry out systematic research in Central Asia. The mastermind behind these Japanese enterprises was Ōtani Kōzui, the 22nd lord-abbot of the Western Honganji temple in Kyoto and the patriarch of the Honpa Honganji denomination of the Jōdo Shinshū sect, which was and remains the largest Buddhist community in Japan. Kōzui's position as a monk during the period the expeditions were carried out reveals his religious motivation as the planner and sponsor of these research trips. Inspired by the 7th century traveler-monk Xuanzang, the main purpose of the Ōtani Expeditions was therefore to find the routes through which Buddhism had passed before reaching Japan. This is what makes them unique when compared with other exploration missions.
Famalismo Primero and Puerta Cerrada in Self-Managing Diabetes Among Hispanics: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Perez-Brescia M. , Beck C. Tatano , Alicea Planas J. , Newlin-Lew K. H. , Whittemore R. , Juarez A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is increasing at concerning rates for Hispanics. Researchers have attempted to understand why through quantitative or qualitative studies. This meta-synthesis examines qualitative studies concerning barriers and facilitators that Hispanics face while managing their diabetes. Method: Noblit and Hare’s (1988) defined method of analysis was used to synthesize 15 qualitative studies on Hispanics’ diabetes self-management. Results: Findings revealed two themes: (a) famalismo primero and (b) puerta cerrada, translating to family first and closed door, respectively. In famalismo primero, Hispanics with T2D prioritize family, and receive support, motivation, and knowledge from them first; puerta cerrada is tied to barriers such as cost of services and patient–provider relationships. Discussion: Inclusion of family in diabetes self-management provides support and motivation for Hispanics. Hispanics experience barriers to access health care that may interfere with diabetes self-management, which need to be addressed to promote health equity.
A retrospective study comparing postoperative opioid prescribing practices in an academic medical centre
Authors: Girard Tanya , Dayan Natalie , Wilson Marnie Goodwin , Harris Miriam , El-Messidi Amira , Gosselin Sophie , Fleiszer David , Bonnici André , Villeneuve Eric , Lee Todd C. , McDonald Emily G. 
Published: July 2022

Background: In the midst of the North American opioid crisis, identifying and intervening on drivers of high-risk opioid prescriptions is an important step towards reducing iatrogenic harm. Objectives: We aimed to identify factors associated with variations in high-risk opioid discharge prescriptions, following select surgical procedures, to guide future quality improvement initiatives. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1322 patients who underwent select open pelvic and open abdominal surgeries between January 1 and December 31, 2017, in a tertiary health care centre in Montreal. Results: Patients who underwent open abdominal surgeries were prescribed significantly higher daily doses of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (45 mg; interquartile range, 30-60), than patients who underwent either a caesarean delivery (20 mg, 20-20) or a hysterectomy (30 mg, 22-30). After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, abdominal surgery was associated with 4 times the odds of receiving more than 50 MME at hospital discharge compared with pelvic surgeries (odds ratio, 3.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-11.97). The availability of postoperative preprinted order sets with fixed high doses of opioids was also highly associated with the outcome. Conclusion: In our institution, some surgeries were more likely to receive high-risk opioid prescriptions at discharge. Efforts to optimize safer prescribing practices should address the creation and/or updating of preprinted order sets to reflect current best practice guidelines. This initiative could be overseen by hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees.
Is Coronavirus Infection Associated With Musculoskeletal Health Complaints? Results From a Comprehensive Case-Control Study
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Bonna Atia Sharmin , Sarkar Abu-sufian , Islam Ariful 
Published: July 2022

Objective: This case-control study investigated the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and musculoskeletal health complaints (MHC). The specific aims of the study were (1) to compare the 1-month prevalence of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients and participants who never tested positive for COVID-19 matched by the former group’s age and gender; (2) to identify the predictors of MHC among all participants, and (3) define the factors independently associated with MHC in post-acute COVID-19 patients. Methods and Analysis: The study was conducted in Bangladesh from February 24 to April 7, 2022. The face-to-face interview was taken using a paper-based semi-structured questionnaire. MHC was measured using the musculoskeletal subscale of subjective health complaints produced by Eriksen et al. Descriptive analysis was conducted to compute MHC prevalence and compare them across groups. Multiple logistic analyses were employed to identify MHC predictors for the participants. Results: The prevalence of MHC was 38.7%. Adjusted analysis suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 infection was independently associated with MHC (AOR = 3.248,95% CI = 2.307-4.571). Furthermore, unemployment (AOR = 4.156, 95% CI = 1.308-13.208), moderate illness (AOR = 2.947,95% CI = 1.216-7.144), treatment in hospitals’ general word (AOR = 4.388,95% CI = 1.878-10.254) and health complaints after COVID-19 (AOR = 4.796,95% CI = 2.196-10.472) were found to be the predictors of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Our study found a robust association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and MHC and recommends that healthcare authorities be prepared to deal with the high burden of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients.
Association of Subchondral Changes With Age and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Osteochondral Fractures in the Knee: MRI Analysis at 1 to 10 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Waltenspül Manuel , Merkely Gergo , Germann Christoph , Villefort Christina , Aufdenblatten Christoph , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Predictive factors influencing outcomes after surgical fixation of osteochondral fractures (OCFs) in the knee, particularly time between injury and surgery, have not been determined. Purpose: To report imaging and clinical outcomes after OCF fixation and to assess the association between clinical scores and patient characteristics, lesion morphology, and appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We assessed the clinical and imaging outcomes of 19 patients after screw fixation for OCFs in the knee at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Patient characteristics, lesion morphology, and time from trauma to surgery were reviewed for each patient. At final follow-up, patients completed a 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Tegner activity scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and patient satisfaction survey. Postoperative MRI scans were assessed using the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue), Osteochondral Allograft MRI Scoring System, and bone marrow edema (BME) size. Results: The mean patient age at surgery was 21.3 ± 11.4 years, and the median time from trauma to surgery was 10 days (range, 0-143 days). The refixed OCF fragment failed in 1 (5.3%) patient on the lateral condyle at 15 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up for the remaining 18 patients was 4.7 ± 3.2 years, and postoperative outcomes were as follows: VAS pain score, 9.5 ± 17.9; Tegner score, 4.8 ± 2.3; KOOS–Pain, 85.9 ± 17.6, KOOS-Symptoms, 76.4 ± 16.1; KOOS–Activities of Daily Living, 90.3 ± 19.0; KOOS–Sport, 74.4 ± 25.4; and KOOS–Quality of Life, 55.9 ± 24.7. Overall, 84.2% were satisfied or very satisfied with outcomes. Patient age was significantly associated with KOOS subscale scores and subchondral imaging parameters including BME and presence of subchondral cysts, which in turn were the only imaging variables linked to clinical outcomes ( P < .05). Time from injury to surgery was not correlated with clinical or imaging outcomes. Conclusion: Fixation of OCFs yielded acceptable clinical and imaging outcomes at a mean 5-year follow-up with seemingly little influence of delayed surgical treatment. Postoperative subchondral changes were significantly associated with clinical outcomes and were linked to patient age at surgery.