bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judicial interpretation of the criminal law: questions of theory
Authors: Babayev Mikhail , Pudovochkin Yuriy 
Published: December 2022

The interpretation of the law in judicial activity, as well as the search for specific features of the interpretation of the criminal law, belong to the category of topics whose relevance in modern conditions is increasing much. The contradiction between the growing criminalization and the increasing concern about the observance of human rights and freedoms actualize the status of interpretation as one of the most important aspects of legal activity, directly ensuring the rule of law in criminal law relations.
In any law-making text, there are always a lot of subjective meanings, only one of which can objectively be the basis of a judicial decision. Based on the generalization of the existing approaches to understanding the interpretation of the law, two of its basic models are distinguished - the model of the presentation of the parliamentary meaning and the model of the presentation of the judicial meaning of the law. It is proved that law enforcement is determined precisely by the judicial meaning of the law, the establishment of which in the process of interpretation is a significant component of judicial legal policy. Understanding the meaning of the criminal law has a specificity being predetermined by the public nature of the branch of criminal law, this impresses the course of action of the court within the framework of the implementation of the principle of separation of powers. However, this specificity cannot consist of, as it is commonly considered to be in science, in limiting the methods of interpretation used by the court or establishing a rigid hierarchical sequence in the application of methods of interpretation.
The specificity of the interpretation of the criminal law should be determined not by the methods of interpretation, but by the principles of criminal law. Their content, in turn, should be revealed through an appeal to the goals of criminal law regulation. According to the results of the study, the general approach to the interpretation of the criminal law, which being literal as a matter of priority, should combine a restrictive understanding of any legal restrictions and a broad understanding of any defenses against a charge of a crime.
Measurement method for laser-accelerated multi-hundred-MeV protons utilizing multiple Coulomb scattering in an emulsion cloud chamber
Authors: Asai Takafumi , Inoue Chihiro , Jinno Satoshi , Kitagawa Nobuko , Kodaira Satoshi , Morishima Kunihiro , Fukuda Yuji , Yamauchi Tomoya , Kanasaki Masato 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have developed a measurement method for laser-accelerated multi-hundred-MeV-class protons using an emulsion cloud chamber (ECC), which consists of a stack of nuclear emulsion films and scatterer plates. Based on multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) theory depending on the incident energy of protons, we have constructed a regression model to inversely estimate the incident energy by means of support vector regression (SVR) with a radial basis function. The prediction accuracy was approximately 10% (standard deviation) for protons with energies up to 0.3 GeV in a 25 layer ECC with 0.5 mm thick tungsten plates, corresponding to a 2 cm thick compact detector.
Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat melalui Bank Sampah di Cengkareng Jakarta Barat
Authors: Entaresmen Raden Ajeng , Firdayetti Firdayetti , Nugraha Erie Riza , Fatimatuzzahroh Fatimatuzzahroh , Cahyati R. Aal , Siswanto Dimas Adys 
Published: December 2022

Adanya komunitas FOKKALIS (Forum Kolaborasi Komunitas Peduli Sampah) yang berada di Jakarta barat pun akhirnya bergerak untuk mencari cara untuk menanggulagngi sampah yang ada di DKI Jakarta dengan mengelola kembali sampah sampah yang sudah tidak terpakai lalu di kelola menjadi bahan yang berguna dan memiiki nilai jual yang tinggi dan dapat membantu perekonomian para anggota komunitas serta menciptakan inovasi inovasi untuk mengelola sampah menjadi lebih efektif sampah sampah ini berasal dari sampah sampah sekitar daerah DKI Jakarta. Untuk pemasaran selanjutnya, produk produk yang sudah di olah lalu dijualkan kepada masyarakat. Perumasan masalah adalah bagaimana meningkatkan kiwa wirausaha dan pendapatan masyarakat melalui bank sampah di Cengkareng Jakarta Barat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui meningkatkan jiwa wirausaha dan pendapatan masyarakat melalui bank sampah di Cengkareng Jakarta Barat. Permasalahan sampah yang begitu membeludak di wilayah DKI Jakarta sudah bukan menjadi rahasia umum lagi, menurut Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) mengatakan bahwa sekitar 7 ton lebih perharinya yang dihasilkan oleh penduduk di Jakarta sampah sampah ini di tumpuk di TPS Bantargebang, hal ini membuat TPS Bandar Gebang pun akhirnnya overload karena penumpukan sampah yang tidak terkendali. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah melakukan pelatihan dengan meningkatkan jiwa wirausaha dan pendapatan masyarakat melalui bank sampah melalui bidang wirausaha dan peningkatan pendapatan. Pelatihan ini dilengkapi juga dengan contoh-contoh peningkatan pendapatan guna kesejahteraan.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Organisasi dan Administrasi Internasional melalui Model United Nation (MUN)
Authors: Irdayanti Irdayanti , Nesneri Yessi , Nurlita Anna , Aira Aras 
Published: December 2022

Inovasi terhadap metode pembelajaran sangat dibutuhkan ketika motede umum tidak lagi menarik yaitu ceramah dan tanya jawab. Diperlukan usaha dan metode baru untuk menumbuhkan minat dan ketertarikan bagi mahasiswa. Salah satunya dengan kegiatan pembelajaran melalui simulasi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada mahasiswa menjadi menarik ketika diterapkan pada mahasiswa jurusan Administrasi Negara khususnya yang mendapatkan matakuliah Organisasi dan Administrasi Internasional. Motode pelaksaan kegiatan ini menggunakan metode Partisipasi Action Research. Dimana hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui partisipasi dari mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan ketertarikan dan pengetahuan kepada mahahiswa dalam memahami tujuan matakuliah.
Sewerage Water Treatment Using Phytoremediation
Authors: Omar Noor Azme 
Published: December 2022

Surface water are being contaminated by various toxic elements through anthropogenic activities and natural sources between residential and premises. Studies had shown that aquatic plants had its ability to improve water quality in purifying polluted surface water. Many studies had been introduced to treat the sewerage water and had been a cost to public to pay monthly. Thus, increasing living cost after water and electrical tariff. In this study, sewerage water at urban, rural, remote or even island could possibly use some aquatic plant as alternative sewerage water treatment. The objective of the study is to identify the effectiveness level of certain aquatic species suitable for sewerage water treatment.
Some aquatic plants will be used in this study to identify the level of chemical absorption from wastewater. The testing plot located in a small basin with constant, controlled water flow from the sewerage holding tank. In this study, sewerage, water from Puchong Sewerage Treatment Plant had been used as a polluted source. The water quality at each basin will be monitored and recorded daily and end at a constant reading of water quality.
From the study, it was found that certain aquatic species could absorb some chemical characteristic during phytoremediation processed as founded by many previous studies nationally and internationally. The treatment of sewerage sources for this study had been deteriorated over 20% from the sewerage characteristics using different types of species. This had identified that alternative wastewater treatment using some species could possibly treated the sewerage water within a period of time. Further study could be done for improving wastewater treatment timeframe either in a different scale or in an integrated mode of treatment in order to treat others characteristics sources of wastewater.
Perancangan Program Inventory dengan Barcode di PT Asia Panelindo Elektrika
Authors: Prastio Dedi 
Published: December 2022

Pada perusahaan PT. Asia Panelindo Elektrika menyediakan jasa instalasi/pemasangan, service dan distributor CCTV serta lampu-lampu LED. Cukup banyak persediaan stock barang yang ada digudang akan tetapi minimnya dalam mengatur serta pendataan gudang. Dalam kegiatan stock opname selalu terjadi perbedaan antara jumlah barang di sistem yang sedang digunakan dengan barang yang ada di gudang. Hal ini terjadi mungkin dikarenakan sering terjadi error pada sistem program ataupun terjadi kesalahan disaat pendataan gudang.
Dalam upaya mengatasi masalah ini maka, dirancang sebuah program yang dapat melakukan pendataan dengan barcode. Program ini memberikan fasilitas barcode dimana hanya scan barcode pada barang dapat menemukan barang pada program dan dapat langsung megubah jumlahnya seperti ketika adanya penjualan atau penambahan stock. Dengan program ini akan mengurangi kesalahan yang akan terjadi saat pendataan stock barang.
Setelah mendapatkan hasil pengujian, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa program yang dirancang telah mampu melakukan proses inventory terhadap stock gudang dengan baik dan waktu pencarian data stock hampir 2 kali lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan program sebelumnya.
Formulation and evaluation of cost effective herbal sunscreen gel from aqueous extracts of different fruits of Mizoram, India
Authors: Roy Probin Kr , Lalrempuii  , Zairempuii Catherine , Lallawmzuali Eden , Laldinchhana  , Debbarma Anima , Hmangaihkimi Adelyn , Lalhlenmawia Hauzel 
Published: December 2022

Background: Herbal cosmetics have been in tremendous demand in the market due to their unique properties and minimal side effects. The popularity of herbal cosmetics is mainly due to the effect produced by the herbal extract used and its inherent suitability for routine use in daily life. Herbal cosmetics also avoid adverse effects compared to synthetic products.
Herbal extracts show remarkable photo protection owing to their ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, herbal cosmetics offer the means of less costly products compared to synthetic ones. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate cost-effective herbal sunscreen gel containing aqueous fruit extract of Emblica Officinalis (Indian gooseberry) belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, Daucus carota (Carrot), family- Apiaceae, Carica papaya (Papaya), family-Caricaceae, Punica granatum (pomegranate), family-Punicaceae and latex of leaves of Aloe barbadensis, family-Liliaceae.
Methods: The fruits were grinded with a mixer grinder, extracted with distilled water, and then filtered. The Sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracts was determined using a UV visible spectrophotometer followed by different formulations (F1, F2, F3) of sunscreen gel.
Results: The SPF value of the herbal extract of Indian gooseberry, Carrot, Aloe Vera, Papaya, and Pomegranate were found to be 0.779±0.616, 2.527±2.213, 0.349±0.318, 2.794±2.976, 2.468±2.313 respectively. The SPF values of formulated gel F1, F2, and F3 are 5.293 ± 0.680, 3.537 ± 0.494, and 3.914± 0.501 respectively. Among the formulations, F1 showed the highest SPF value and better physicochemical properties. After accelerated stability studies, formulated sunscreen did not loss its potency.
Conclusions: We can conclude that formulated herbal sunscreen gel may protect skin from harmful UV radiation and can be used as an alternative source of cost-effective sunscreen formulations.
LAPORAN PENGHASILAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENGAJARAN YANG EFEKTIF DALAM MANAJEMEN
Authors: Sulistiyani Sulistiyani 
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengatasi masalah pemahaman akutansi terapan yang berkembang dan memberikan opsi dalam penyelesaian sejumlah permasalahan yang terkait penyelesaian masalah-masalah ekonomi pada umumnya. Dalam dunia manajemen kata proyek sudah tidak asing lagi di masyarakat. Proyek merupakan usaha sementara yang memiliki sasaran khusus dengan waktu pelaksanaan yang jelas. Dalam bidang ekonomi, proyek Capstone ini juga biasa di buat sebagai nama kursus keuangan terapan di America dan negara maju lainnya.
Kurikulum bisnis yang diterapkan pada universitas-universitas ternama pada saat ini termasuk kursus pembelajaran Capstone yang mengintegrasikan topik atau materi dari semua area bisnis. Dengan adanya manfaat yang besar dari Capstone tersebut, akhirnya di jadikan sebagai nama kursus. Kursus baru pada penjuru ini dirancang untuk mengajarkan keterampilan berpikir dan analisis strategis, daripada sekadar fakta atau konsep. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang mengkaji di bidang studi literatur. Laporan penghasilan memiliki susunan yang Informasinya dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan konsep bisnis dari setiap disiplin bisnis - akuntansi, ekonomi,keuangan, manajemen sumber daya manusia, bisnis internasional, atau pemasaran. Melalui penghasilan terperinci laporan menghadapkan mahasiswa pada dunia nyata, mengajari mereka cara membaca di antara garis, dan meningkatkan kemampuan mereka pada proses berpikir kritis dan strategis. Sehingga dapat menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan ekonomi yang ada.
Kata kunci: akuntansi terapan; proyek capstone; laporan penghasilan
Is there an Association between the ABO Blood type and Bleeding or Clotting Times?
Authors: Retash Shan  , Tripta Kumari  , Kasturi Lal Gupta  , Sheetal Chandel  , Kailash Singh  , Mrityunjay Gupta  , Dev Raj  
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Evaluating blood type, bleeding time (BT), and clotting time (CT) are essential before surgery. Blood type reveals personality. Multiple studies link ABO blood types to digestive (GI) disorders, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, thrombosis, and epistaxis. BT and CT differ among blood types. This study investigated the relationship between blood types and BT and CT. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the connection between BT and CT and Blood Groups in medical students and identify gender differences in these parameters.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out between September 2021 and May 2022 on 250 healthy first-phase MBBS students (17–20 years old) of both sexes (batch 2020–2021 & 2021-22) at GMC Jammu’s haematology laboratory. The blood group was determined using a standard antiserum Agglutination test—CT using Wright’s Capillary tube technique and BT using Duke’s filter paper technique. Based on the methodology above, we classify regular BT and CT as 2 to 6 minutes and 3 to 8 minutes, respectively. BT and CT levels were examined for each blood type. The blood group distribution was reported as a percentage, the relationship between BT or CT and blood groups was analysed using Chi-square analysis, and the gender differences between these parameters were analysed using an unpaired t-test in SPSS 26.0. Results: In our investigation, the distribution of ABO blood groups was determined to be: 39.6% B > 34% O > 21.2% A > 5.2% AB. Chi-square analysis revealed a non-significant ABO blood group correlation with BT (p=0.938) and CT (p=0.652). Comparing blood types with BT and CT, the AB and B blood groups had higher mean BT and CT values among the study participants. The blood type influenced BT/CT. Screening and prevention must commence before the onset of bleeding disorders.
Conclusion: The most prevalent blood group among medical students was B, whereas AB was the least prevalent. Blood types AB and B have greater levels of BT and CT. Neither BT nor CT were significantly associated with blood type. BT and CT values were found to be greater in females
Attentional capture is modulated by stimulus saliency in visual search as evidenced by event-related potentials and alpha oscillations
Authors: Forschack Norman , Gundlach Christopher , Hillyard Steven , Müller Matthias M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study used a typical four-item search display to investigate top-down control over attentional capture in an additional singleton paradigm. By manipulating target and distractor color and shape, stimulus saliency relative to the remaining items was systematically varied. One group of participants discriminated the side of a dot within a salient orange target (ST group) presented with green circles (fillers) and a green diamond distractor. A second group discriminated the side of the dot within a green diamond target presented with green circle fillers and a salient orange square distractor (SD group). Results showed faster reaction times and a shorter latency of the N2pc component in the event-related potential (ERP) to the more salient targets in the ST group. Both salient and less salient distractors elicited Pd components of equal amplitude. Behaviorally, no task interference was observed with the less salient distractor, indicating the prevention of attentional capture. However, reaction times were slower in the presence of the salient distractor, which conflicts with the hypothesis that the Pd reflects proactive distractor suppression. Contrary to recent proposals that elicitation of the Pd requires competitive interactions with a target, we found a greater Pd amplitude when the distractor was presented alone. Alpha-band amplitudes decreased during target processing (event-related desynchronization), but no significant amplitude enhancement was observed at electrodes contralateral to distractors regardless of their saliency. The results demonstrate independent neural mechanisms for target and distractor processing and support the view that top-down guidance of attention can be offset (counteracted) by relative stimulus saliency.
FIRE RESISTANCE OF STEEL BUILDING BEAMS
Authors: Голованов Владимир Ильич , Пехотиков Андрей Владимирович , Крючков Геннадий Игоревич , Новиков Николай Сергеевич 
Published: December 2022

Приведены экспериментальные и численные исследования несущей способности стальных балок из сталей классов С255 и С355 при воздействии стандартного температурного режима пожара. Цель исследования - уточнение метода расчета предела огнестойкости изгибаемых стальных балок с учетом неравномерного распределения температуры в поперечном сечении, что позволит повысить точность расчетов и безопасность таких конструкций в практике строительства.
The disadvantage of calculation and analytical methods for determining the fire resistance limits of building metal structures is the lack of practical information on the features of changes in the strength characteristics of the most common building steels at high exposure temperatures and the results of experimental studies to determine the bearing capacity of steel structures under fire exposure. For this purpose there were carried out studies of the strength characteristics of steels with rolled metal samples of C255 and C355 strength classes as well as empirical dependences of the change in the yield strength in the temperature range 20 °C < t < 700 °C were determined, which are necessary to calculate building metal structures for fire resistance. Experiments to determine the actual fire resistance of beams were carried out with class C255 rolled I-beams and class C355 welded I-beams. As controlled characteristic areas of steel temperature change there were taken the following items: the lower flange, the middle of the wall and the upper flange of the average I-section. Graphs of deformation (deflection) in the middle section of the beam under fire exposure are constructed. The calculation of fire resistance limit of bent steel beams was carried out taking into account the uneven distribution of temperature in the cross section. Comparison of experimental data and calculation results by means of the developed model, which takes into account the uneven heating of the section, showed their good agreement (up to 15 %) in terms of the loss of bearing capacity during three-sided heating under standard fire conditions.
FIRE SAFETY PROBLEMS OF THE THERMAL ACCELERATION MODE IN LITHIUM STORAGE BATTERIES
Authors: Смелков Герман Иванович , Пехотиков Виктор Александрович , Боков Геннадий Васильевич , Назаров Антон Александрович 
Published: December 2022

На основе анализа результатов многочисленных зарубежных и национальных исследований установлены виды аварийных режимов, вызывающих загорания литиевых аккумуляторных батарей, а также даны рекомендации по их превентивной защите. Рассмотрено такое явление, как тепловой разгон литиевого аккумулятора. Отмечается, что условием возникновения теплового самовоспламенения, т. е. перехода медленной реакции окисления в горение (при определенных условиях - во взрыв) является нагрев смеси до температуры, при которой скорость тепловыделения за счет реакции окисления превышает скорость теплоотвода из зоны горения. Описаны виды испытаний, связанных с явлением теплового разгона литиевых аккумуляторов, и способы предотвращения таких пожаров.
It is difficult to imagine modern life, including the production activities of industrial enterprises, without the use of lithium batteries. They are everywhere: electronics, consumer electronics, cordless tools, electric vehicles, various types of forklifts and electric cars, and much more. In the energy sector, these are energy storage devices (wind, solar) and, of course, uninterruptible power supply devices, taking into account especially important consumers of the first category in terms of power supply reliability, including fire protection systems. But there is a very significant problem, which, to a certain extent, holds back the area expansion of lithium batteries application: the constant increase in the number of fires and even explosions. Data are given on the occurrence of numerous cases of their ignition in the United States, as well as cases of such fires in recent years in transport in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic publications, there are considered the classification and operating principles of lithium batteries. Analytical issues of the phenomenon of thermal acceleration in lithium batteries are discussed. A diagram of the battery pack design with various options for battery modules and cell configurations is provided. A separate section of the article is devoted to experimental studies related to the testing of lithium batteries for fire hazard, in accordance with the requirements of national standards. Test methods for overcharging, mechanical damage, thermal and other types of tests are briefly outlined. In the final part of the article there are given ways to prevent fires. The first category contains preventive measures, at which flame retardants are added to polymeric materials for thermal stability of the battery. The second category includes design measures that increase the fault tolerance of lithium batteries and reduce damage when thermal acceleration occurs. There is an installation of shut-off separators, safety valves that respond to excess pressure or temperature, ventilation of the cell, etc.