bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatally diagnosed isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect: Genetic and clinical implications
Authors: Gordin Kopylov Lital , Dekel Nadav , Maymon Ron , Feldman Noa , Zimmerman Ariel , Hadas Dan , Melcer Yaakov , Svirsky Ran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of chromosomal aberrations and the clinical outcomes following the prenatal diagnosis of isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pVSD).MethodsThis retrospective study was composed of a cohort of pregnant women whose fetuses were diagnosed with isolated pVSD. Complete examinations of the fetal heart were performed, as well as a postnatal validation echocardiography follow‐up at 1 year of age. The collected data included: spontaneous closure of the pVSD, need for intervention, chromosomal aberrations and postnatal outcome.ResultsFifty‐five pregnant women were included in the study. 34/55 (61.8%) of the fetuses underwent prenatal genetic workup which revealed no abnormal results. No dysmorphic features or abnormal neurological findings were detected postnatally in those who declined a prenatal genetic workup during the follow‐up period of 2 years. In 25/55 of the cases (45.4%), the ventricular septal defects (VSD) closed spontaneously in utero, whereas in 17 cases of this group (30.9%) the VSD closed during the first year of life. None of the large 3 VSDs cases (>3 mm), closed spontaneously.ConclusionPrenatally isolated perimembranous VSD has a favorable clinical outcome when classified as small‐to‐moderate size, children in our cohort born with such findings had no macroscopic chromosomal abnormalities.
An effective method to optimise plasma immersion ion implantation: Sensitivity analysis and design based on low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Chen Yuan , Xu Can , Wang Chun‐Hui , Bilek Marcela M. M. , Cheng Xinying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe performance of polymer surface treatment using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) depends on many operating parameters, such as treatment duration, radiofrequency power, pulsed bias voltage and pulse repetition rate, and the ion fluence applied on the polymer surface. Currently, the identification of optimal operating parameters to achieve specific performance targets is heavily based on trail and error with extensive experimental testing. Herein, we present an optimisation method based on sensitivity analysis using polynomial chaos expansion and experimental design with Kriging surrogate model to greatly reduce the amount of experiments. The combined effects of PIII operating parameters on low‐density polyethylene surface modifications are investigated, demonstrating the validation and effectiveness of the method and design. The new approach offers highly accurate and computationally efficient way for achieving optimum radical density, wettability and optical transmittance that are important for biomedical applications.
A review on the potential use of natural products in overweight and obesity
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Yu , Wang Shuxuan , Shi Caihong , Wang Shuang , Wang Xin , Lü Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the increase in unhealthy lifestyles, obesity is increasingly common, which could cause many metabolic diseases. In recent research, natural product extracts have shown tremendous potential antiobesity effects via different mechanisms. In this review, we focused on widely adopted extraction methods, bioactive ingredients types, and antiobesity mechanisms of natural product extracts in the recent reports. The extraction methods include solid–liquid extraction, microwave‐assisted extractions, and supercritical fluid extraction. Moreover, the bioactive ingredients identified in natural product extracts are phenolic compounds, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and terpenoids. These exert antiobesity effects through multiple mechanisms, including suppressing the appetite, increasing energy expenditure, inhibiting enzyme activity, modulating lipid homeostasis and adipocyte lifecycle, reducing oxidative and inflammation, and improving intestinal bacteria. However, the antiobesity effects of natural products require further evaluation. Furthermore, the improvement of the bioavailability and effective and safe human dose of these bioactive ingredients should be the focus of future work.
Psorachromene induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in NSCLC cells harboring EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S
Authors: Wang Tong‐Hong , Leu Yann‐Lii , Chen Chin‐Chuan , Li Hsin‐Jung , Yang Shuenn‐Chen , Huang Kuo‐Yen , Chen Chi‐Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe extracts from Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (P. corylifolia) seeds have been shown to display antitumor activity. To date, the prospects of this plant and its active compounds in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we identified a novel psorachromene compound that displays selective cytotoxic effects on all NSCLC cells tested, including NSCLC cells harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation mutants (H1975L858R/T790M and H1975‐MS35L858R/T790M/C797S). Psorachromene induces G1 arrest in NSCLC cells harboring wild‐type EGFR but induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells harboring activating EGFR mutations. Psorachromene inhibits activated EGFR signaling and kinase activity and suppresses tumor growth of implanted H1975‐MS35L858R/T790M/C797S cells in nude mice. Molecular docking analysis revealed that psorachromene could form stronger bonds with mutant EGFR than wild‐type EGFR, which might account for the greater cytotoxic effects observed in NSCLC cells harboring activating EGFR mutations (H1975 and H1975‐MS35) than wild‐type EGFR (A549). In conclusion, it is suggested that psorachromene is an attractive agent to be further explored for its use in the treatment of NSCLC patients harboring EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S.
Fast and Selective Methyl Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on 3D BiOCl Microspheres
Authors: Dong Lihong , Chunyi Zhou B. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree dimensional BiOCl microspheres self‐assembled by nanoplates were fabricated by one step hydrothermal route in water and glycerol mixed solvent. Negatively charged surfaces of the nanoplates make these BiOCl microspheres possess excellent selectivity for cationic dyes removal. The removal efficiency of BiOCl microspheres is almost not affected by pH, and high removal efficiency of 96 % still remains even though at a pH of 2. Another merit of the BiOCl microspheres is their high adsorption rate, and only 2∼20 min is needed to get adsorption equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB reaches 146.4 mg g−1. The used BiOCl microspheres can be regenerated by a simple process, and 75 % removal efficiency is maintained after five adsorption‐regeneration cycles. Overall, benefitting from their ultrafast rate, high adsorption capability, simple fabrication, good regenerability, and environment friendly nature, the BiOCl microspheres can be adopted as an effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Benzoquinolizidines
Authors: Alekszi‐Kaszás Anna , Käfer‐Beke Klára , Varga Tamás R. , Bényei Attila , Kovács Tibor , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Simon András , Nemes Péter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn enantioselective domino Michael addition‐cyclization‐dehydration sequence was performed in the reaction of a 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ylideneethanenitrile derivative and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes using cinchona‐ and diphenylprolinol‐type organocatalyts. The D2PM‐TMS organocatalyst was found to show the best performance up to 95 % enantiomeric excess. The resultant 6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines was reduced by catalytic hydrogenation to produce benzo[c]quinolizidines diastereoselectively with three chirality centers, the skeleton of which is a comman structural motif in alkaloids. The stereochemistry of products was studied by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and solution TDDFT‐ECD and DFT‐VCD approaches. With the aid of VCD and ECD calculations, characteristic VCD and ECD transitions were identified, which reported the absolute configuration of the tricyclic skeleton by simple comparison regardless the different C‐2 substituents.
Observation of Cobalt Species Evolution in Mesoporous Carbon by In‐Situ STEM‐HAADF Imaging and Related Hydrogenation Process
Authors: Sun Yunhao , Niu Qiang , Yang Shize , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal decorated‐mesoporous carbons (MMCs) has attractive features from both mesoporous materials (large pore size, high pore volume) and metal species (reactive surface). Cobalt@mesoporous carbon (Co@MC) catalyst was successfully manufactured by mechanochemical synthesis method for hydrogenation of phenol to prepare cyclohexanone. Unlike traditional hard‐templating and soft‐templating methods, the essence of this strategy lies in the combination of carbonization and ligand‐protected metal reduction. By using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and N2 adsorption‐desorption, Co@MC catalyst was well studied. In particular, the effect of calcination temperature in terms of growth and aggregation of cobalt species was detailly explored by in‐situ scanning transmission electron microscopy‐high angle angular dark field. A series of mesoporous carbons with cobalt species readily tuned from clusters to nanoparticles were measured in phenol hydrogenation (Conv. Phenol: >99 %, Sel. Cyclohexanone: >99 %).
Facile and High‐Yielding Synthesis of C(3)‐Aminoisoindolinones Under Metal Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Surya Prakash Rao H. , Prabhakaran J. , Kaloor Uthara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractC(3)‐Aminoisoindolinones have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their unique and stable N−C−N substructure and possibilities for facile and scalable synthesis of combinatorial libraries. We discovered that para‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), an organic protic acid, efficiently catalyzes condensation of isoindolinone‐3‐ols with primary and secondary amines to furnish C(3) N‐substituted isoindolinones in high yields. The N−C bond formation reaction is highly efficient and experimentally simple. The method replaces known transition metal catalysts involving Cu, Pt, Pd or Au. It works efficiently for both intra‐ and inter‐molecular variants. Furthermore, it is amenable for synthesis of C(3)‐aminoisoindolinones with free N(2) via photolytic deprotection of the 2‐nitrobenzyl group. We have demonstrated application of the method for synthesis of a variety of medicinally relevant bicyclic and tricyclic C(3)‐aminoisoindolinones.
Porous Structure Controlling the Selectivity of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on N‐Doped Carbon in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Gan Zheng‐Tao , Hu Hao , Gao Guang‐Hao , Mi Jian‐Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractN‐doped carbon materials have been regarded as potential replacements for Pt‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the exact catalytic mechanisms are still not completely understood and there is a controversy about which type of N determines the selectivity of the reaction. This study reports a simple pyrolysis method to prepare hierarchical porous‐structured N‐doped graphene using 4‐nitroimidazole as both C and N sources without the presence of two‐dimensional template. The as‐prepared N‐doped graphene exhibits efficient four‐electron transfer pathway for ORR with an onset potential of 0.943 V, a half‐wave potential of 0.823 V, and a limiting current density of 5.58 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH solution. In contrast, N‐doped platelet‐like carbon consisted mainly of micropores prefers the two‐electron pathway with a high selectivity toward peroxide generation over 90 % at potential range of 0.20–0.62 V. We demonstrate that the ORR selectivity is dependent on the H2O transfer dynamics which are controlled by the porous structure. Sluggish H2O transfer rate induces HO2− formation, whereas fast H2O transfer rate ensures the desired four‐electron pathway. This study gives further insight into the ORR selectivity and provides feasible strategies for fabricating N‐doped carbon materials as promising catalysts for either four‐electron oxygen reduction or H2O2 production in alkaline solution.
3D‐Printed Micro Lens‐in‐Lens for In Vivo Multimodal Microendoscopy
Authors: Li Jiawen , Thiele Simon , Kirk Rodney W. , Quirk Bryden C. , Hoogendoorn Ayla , Chen Yung Chih , Peter Karlheinz , Nicholls Stephen J. , Verjans Johan W. , Psaltis Peter J. , Bursill Christina , Herkommer Alois M. , Giessen Harald , McLaughlin Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultimodal microendoscopes enable co‐located structural and molecular measurements in vivo, thus providing useful insights into the pathological changes associated with disease. However, different optical imaging modalities often have conflicting optical requirements for optimal lens design. For example, a high numerical aperture (NA) lens is needed to realize high‐sensitivity fluorescence measurements. In contrast, optical coherence tomography (OCT) demands a low NA to achieve a large depth of focus. These competing requirements present a significant challenge in the design and fabrication of miniaturized imaging probes that are capable of supporting high‐quality multiple modalities simultaneously. An optical design is demonstrated which uses two‐photon 3D printing to create a miniaturized lens that is simultaneously optimized for these conflicting imaging modalities. The lens‐in‐lens design contains distinct but connected optical surfaces that separately address the needs of both fluorescence and OCT imaging within a lens of 330 µm diameter. This design shows an improvement in fluorescence sensitivity of >10x in contrast to more conventional fiber‐optic design approaches. This lens‐in‐lens is then integrated into an intravascular catheter probe with a diameter of 520 µm. The first simultaneous intravascular OCT and fluorescence imaging of a mouse artery in vivo is reported.
Spontaneous pulmonary haemorrhage in a standing sedated horse
Authors: Calero Rodriguez Abraham , de Grauw Janny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 615 kg, 20‐year‐old, male, neutered Dutch warmblood horse was admitted for complete removal of incisor teeth under sedation. The horse was sedated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) and several intravenous detomidine boli (total dose of 0.008 mg/kg), followed by detomidine constant rate of infusion. At the beginning of the surgery (47 minutes after starting sedation), the horse retched and coughed out haemorrhagic fluid. Surgery was discontinued and profuse bleeding started from the nostrils. Mild hypoxaemia (PaO2 = 63.4 mmHg) was observed. Oxygen therapy by nasal canula (10 L/min) was started, detomidine constant rate of infusion stopped and antagonised with atipamezole given intravenously to effect (total dose of 0.14 mg/kg). The horse also received tranexamic acid. Pulmonary haemorrhage was suspected after tracheal‐bronchoscopic examination. Fresh whole‐blood transfusion was initiated (estimated blood loss: 4 L). Bleeding reduced gradually during the following 2 hours and the horse was monitored in the intensive care unit, with supplemented nasal oxygen. During the following 2 days, oxygen administration was gradually reduced and finally discontinued. The nasal bleeding resumed 8 days after the initial episode, but the horse was euthanased due to the uncertainty of the prognosis.
Frame-semantische Präliminarien
Authors: Neumair Phillip Alexander 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Frame-Semantik erfasst die Bedeutung sprachlicher Einheiten, indem sie die Frage stellt, welches Wissen Sprecher_innen und Rezipient_innen kognitiv zur Verfügung haben (müssen), um eine solche sprachliche Einheit (Wörter, Phrasen, Sätze, Texte) verstehen und gebrauchen zu können. Dabei vereint dieser Begriff eine Vielzahl an Forschungsansätzen, die sich teils erheblich voneinander unterscheiden. Für die Einführung des Frame-Begriffs in die linguistische Semantik zeichnet Charles Fillmore verantwortlich, der sich in seiner Konzeption der Frame-Semantik insbesondere an semantischen Rollen orientierte. Andere linguistische Ansätze orientieren sich stärker am kognitionspsychologischen Frame-Konzept. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Frame als kognitives Repräsentationsformat verstanden, das Wissen organisiert und strukturiert. In Anlehnung an die Frame-Theorie der Künstlichen-Intelligenz-Forschung werden die Strukturkonstituenten eines Frames als Leerstellen, Füllwerte und Standardwerte bezeichnet. Leerstellen werden in der konkreten „Verwendung“ des Frames (etwa beim Verstehen sprachlicher Ausdrücke) mit Füllwerten ausgefüllt. Fungieren bestimmte Werte häufig als Füllwerte der Leerstellen, verfestigen sich diese kognitiv (also im Frame selbst) und werden zu Standardwerten. Die Konzeption der Standardwerte trägt den impliziten Voraussetzungen und Annahmen, die wir beim sprachlichen Austausch machen, Rechnung, weshalb sie bezogen auf die Untersuchung eines Diskursausschnittes von großem Nutzen sind. Zudem ist die Perspektivierung von Sachverhalten als Funktion von Frames in der vorliegenden Untersuchung von großer Bedeutung.
Schluss: Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Neumair Phillip Alexander 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Analyse zeigt: Steht der Ausdruck Geflüchtete_r in einem engen konzeptuellen wie sprachlichen Verhältnis zu dem zwar nicht unproblematisierbaren, jedoch zukunftsorientierten sowie konstruktiven Themenkomplex der Integration, kennzeichnen Flüchtling eine stärkere Passivität der Bezeichneten sowie, in Verbindung dazu, der Umgang politischer Akteur_innen mit den Bezeichneten. Migrant_in gleicht sich hinsichtlich des kognitiv-semantischen wie epistemischen Gehalts und auch quantitativ stark an Flüchtling an. Der Nutzen von Frames als Analyseinstrumente als auch Veranschaulichungsmodelle von Wissen wird insofern dargelegt, als an sprachlichen Beispielen deutlich wird: Frames sind zu betrachten als gebrauchs- und erfahrungsbasierte Netzwerke, deren epistemischer Gehalt (d.h. die Beschaffenheit ihrer Leerstellen inklusive der Bedingungen, die diese an die Beschaffenheit der Füllwerte stellen, und die Beschaffenheit der Füllungen selbst) aus der Interaktion mit der Welt und Wahrnehmung der Welt durch die Sprachteilhaber_innen emergiert.
A Dedicated Tool for Presurgical Mapping of Brain Tumors and Mixed-Reality Navigation During Neurosurgery
Authors: Chiacchiaretta Piero , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Caulo Massimo , Navarra Riccardo , Baldiraghi Gaia , Rolandi Davide , Luzzi Sabino , Del Maestro Mattia , Galzio Renato , Ferretti Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBrain tumor surgery requires a delicate tradeoff between complete removal of neoplastic tissue while minimizing loss of brain function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have emerged as valuable tools for non-invasive assessment of human brain function and are now used to determine brain regions that should be spared to prevent functional impairment after surgery. However, image analysis requires different software packages, mainly developed for research purposes and often difficult to use in a clinical setting, preventing large-scale diffusion of presurgical mapping. We developed a specialized software able to implement an automatic analysis of multimodal MRI presurgical mapping in a single application and to transfer the results to the neuronavigator. Moreover, the imaging results are integrated in a commercially available wearable device using an optimized mixed-reality approach, automatically anchoring 3-dimensional holograms obtained from MRI with the physical head of the patient. This will allow the surgeon to virtually explore deeper tissue layers highlighting critical brain structures that need to be preserved, while retaining the natural oculo-manual coordination. The enhanced ergonomics of this procedure will significantly improve accuracy and safety of the surgery, with large expected benefits for health care systems and related industrial investors.
Seismic behaviour of cross vaults with different brick pattern
Authors: Alforno M. , Venuti F. , Monaco A. , Calderini C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCross masonry vaults are common structural elements in historical buildings. They are largely diffused in all European countries, including those characterized by higher levels of seismicity. Although they have been constructed for centuries, they represent some of the most vulnerable elements of traditional architecture, especially with reference to horizontal loads. The understanding of their structural behaviour under seismic loading is a crucial aspect for the accurate assessment of the safety of historical buildings. In the present work, the seismic response of cross masonry vaults is analysed through the Finite Element Method (FEM) and static non-linear analyses considering the effect of different brick patterns and boundary conditions. A simplified micro-modelling approach is adopted for the generation of the FEM models and two different brick arrangements are considered, i.e., radial bricks and diagonal bricks, which are the most widespread in European cross vaults. Two different boundary conditions are assumed in order to simulate a vault with and without lateral confinement. Static non-linear analyses are performed by monotonically incrementing a lateral acceleration until collapse. Results are analysed in terms of maximum load factor, stiffness, ductility, crack pattern and damage mechanisms. The analysis of the results shows that not only boundary conditions, but also the brick pattern strongly influences the vault seismic response both in terms of stiffness and ductility as well as in terms of global capacity.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Reduced Microglial Activation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Alleviate Depression-Like Behaviour Via the GAS5/EZH2/SOCS3/NRF2 Axis
Authors: Li Junnan , Gao Wei , Zhao Zhonghui , Li Yannan , Yang Lixuan , Wei Wei , Ren Feifei , Li Yang , Yu Yao , Duan Wenzhe , Li Jingchun , Dai Baoan , Guo Rongjuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGinsenoside Rg1 is the principal active ingredient in ginseng. The antidepressant effects of Rg1 have been validated; however, the specific underlying mechanism of this effect needs further research. Rats were subjected to the chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model. Rg1, or a positive control drug, was administered to the rats. Depression-like behaviours were evaluated through behavioural experiments. Cytokine, mRNA, protein, ATP, and mitochondria DNA levels were detected using the indicated methods. Lentivirus-packaged plasmids were injected into the rat brain for GAS5 overexpression or knockdown. In vitro mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated by detecting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. Direct interaction between GAS5 and EZH2 was validated by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. The enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 was evaluated through chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real-time PCR. Rg1 treatment alleviated depression-like behaviours, microglial activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in CRS rats. Similarly, GAS5 knockdown revealed a similar protective effect of Rg1 treatment. GAS5 overexpression in the rat brain compromised the protective effect of Rg1 treatment. Moreover, Rg1 treatment or GAS5 knockdown attenuated microglial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. Mechanically, GAS5 was suppressed SOCS3 and NRF2 expression by facilitating EZH2-mediated transcriptional repression. Rg1 attenuated microglial activation and improved mitochondrial dysfunction in depression by downregulating GAS5 expression. Mechanically, GAS5 might regulate microglial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction via the epigenetic suppression of NRF2 and SOCS3.