bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ionization and electron density gradients in X-ray reflection spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Mall Gitika , Tripathi Ashutosh , Abdikamalov Askar B , Bambi Cosimo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The models currently used for the analysis of the reflection spectra of black holes usually assume a disc with constant ionization and electron density. However, there is some debate on the impact of these assumptions on the estimate of the properties of the sources, in particular when the fits suggest very steep emissivity profiles in the inner part of the accretion disc. In this work, we re-analyse a selected set of high-quality NuSTAR and Suzaku data of Galactic black holes and we fit the reflection component with three different models: relxill_nk, in which the ionization parameter and the electron density are constant, relxillion_nk, where the electron density is still constant but the ionization profile is described by a power law, and relxilldgrad_nk, where the electron density profile is described by a power law and the ionization profile is calculated self-consistently from the electron density and the emissivity. While relxillion_nk can fit the data better, we do not find any substantial difference in the estimate of the properties of the sources among the three models. Our conclusion is that models with constant electron density and ionization parameter are probably sufficient, in most cases, to fit the currently available X-ray data of accreting black holes.
A scoping review of pediatric microdialysis: A missed opportunity for microdialysis in the pediatric neuro-oncology setting
Authors: Dalmage Mahalia R , Nwankwo Anthony , Sur Hannah , Nduom Edjah , Jackson Sadhana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Brain microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique for monitoring analytes, metabolites, drugs, neurotransmitters, and/or cytokines. Studies to date have centered on adults with traumatic brain injury, with a limited number of pediatric studies performed. This scoping review details past use of brain microdialysis in children and identifies potential use for future neuro-oncology trials.

Methods
In December 2020, Cochrane Library: CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science: Core Collection were searched. Two reviewers screened all articles by title and abstract review and then full study texts, using microdialysis in patients less than 18 yo.

Results
Of the 1171 articles screened, 49 were included. The 49 studies included 472 pediatric patients (age range 0–17 years old), in the brain (21), abdominal (16), and musculoskeletal (12) regions. Intracerebral microdialysis was performed in 64 collective patients, with a median age of 11 years old, and predominance in metabolic evaluations.

Conclusion
Historically, pediatric microdialysis was safely performed within the brain in varied neurologic conditions, except neuro-oncology. Adult brain tumor studies using intratumoral/peritumoral microdialysis sampling can inform future pediatric studies to advance diagnosis and treatment options for such aggressive tumors.
Pseudo-Clementines
Authors: Jones Stanley 
Published: October 2022

By “the Pseudo-Clementines” scholarship intends a specific set of pseudonymous writings attributed to Clement I of Rome, namely, those that relate an intricate story about Clement and his travels with the apostle Peter. This novelistic autobiographical account, which involves the recovery or “recognition” of Clement’s nuclear family (separated through lust, love, and shipwreck predicated by the stars), distinguishes the Pseudo-Clementines from other writings ascribed to Clement, e.g., 2 Clement and the Letters on Virginity. The main components of the Pseudo-Clementines are the Klementia (often called Homilies) and the Recognition (often called Recognitions), both from the early fourth century and the general vicinity of Antioch. The Klementia (c. 323 CE) is found in two Greek manuscripts; an untitled book “1” commences with three preliminary writings, the Letter of Peter to James, the Declaration, and finally the Letter of Clement to James, which introduces the start of the autobiographical account, and then books numbered two to twenty follow, each titled “Homily.” The Recognition (c. 323 CE), not preserved in Greek, is best accessible via an ancient Latin translation by Rufinus of Aquileia and an old Syriac translation. Current scholarship generally agrees that the Klementia and the Recognition both derive independently from an earlier form of the story, named the Circuits of Peter and often called the Basic Writing or “Grundschrift” (c. 220 CE, vicinity of Apamaea), which can be reconstructed not least via the passages that the Klementia and Recognition have in common, often verbatim. This source-critical situation is what makes the study of the Pseudo-Clementines complicated; it vitiates any surface reading of the texts from the start because it is difficult to make any sure assertion about any one of these three authors without having a clear understanding of the other two. Also, the Circuits of Peter apparently used earlier sources, though overly speculative reconstruction of some of these sources (or supposed sources, particularly the chimeral Kerygmata Petrou, “Preachings of Peter”) muddied Pseudo-Clementine research, a state from which recent studies, with greater attention to the Circuits of Peter, are beginning to emerge. Scholarship has remained attracted to the Pseudo-Clementines particularly because they are thought to contain the perspectives of the lost Jewish Christian wing of early Christianity, for example, anti-Paulinism. Indeed, the Pseudo-Clementine Basic Writing is the greatest single repository for ancient Jewish Christian ideas. Impetus from the fields of classics, ancient Jewish studies, and church history has often driven research forward.
Transmission Potential of Human Monkeypox in Mass Gatherings
Authors: Sypsa Vana , Mameletzis Ioannis , Tsiodras Sotirios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since May 2022, a large number of monkeypox cases have been reported in Europe, the United States, and other nonendemic settings. Taking into account the strict measures implemented due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the desire of people to reclaim what is perceived as lost time, mass gatherings this summer were highly attended. Based on data for the secondary attack rate among unvaccinated contacts from endemic countries, we estimate that, on average, &gt;1 secondary case is anticipated per infectious person if he/she has a high number of group contacts (&gt;30) or &gt;8 close contacts. Although the role of group contacts in mass gatherings is uncertain (less likely to involve physical contact, shorter duration), close contacts associated with the event (eg, intimate/sexual contact with other attendees) might be the amplifying event. Enforcing awareness, early recognition, and engaging affected populations in the monkeypox response are important to control transmission.
Painting the Bunting: Carotenoids and structural elements combine to produce the feather coloration of the male Painted Bunting
Authors: Justyn Nicholas M , Weaver Ryan J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMale Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris) display at least 6 distinct plumage colors that encapsulate much of the visible light spectrum, yet the specific mechanisms responsible for generating this diversity of color have not been identified. Here, we show that metabolically derived carotenoids and nanostructures capable of producing structural color were ubiquitous across feather patches. We used digital photography, light microscopy, spectrophotometry, carotenoid extraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography to show that the resulting color of each feather patch depended on the concentration of carotenoids, melanins, and underlying feather nanostructures. For example, we found that the blue-violet head feathers contained low concentrations of ketolated carotenoids, which is not typical of blue-violet structurally colored feathers. Additionally, the red breast and orange belly feathers contained a green-tuned structural color visible after carotenoid extraction, which is not typical of feathers that contain ketolated carotenoids. Although, none of these abnormal combinations of carotenoids and structural coloration appeared to significantly impact feather color. Conversely, we found the purple rump, dark green greater coverts, and bright yellow-green mantle feather coloration resulted from the combination of high concentrations of carotenoids and the presence of structural color. For the first time, we identify the combination of red ketolated carotenoids and blue structural color as a mechanism to produce purple feather coloration. Identifying the specific mechanisms that give rise to the diversity of colors within this species will facilitate the study of the—to date—unknown signaling functions of colors produced through the combination of carotenoids and nanostructures in Painted Buntings and other songbirds.
Increased sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase content inSetaria viridisdoes not affect C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Ermakova Maria , Lopez-Calcagno Patricia E , Furbank Robert T , Raines Christine A , von Caemmerer Susanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of the Calvin cycle, and increasing the abundance of SBPase in C3 plants provides higher photosynthetic rates and stimulates biomass and yield. C4 plants usually have higher photosynthetic rates because they operate a biochemical CO2-concentrating mechanism between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. In the C4 system, SBPase and other enzymes of the Calvin cycle are localized to the bundle sheath cells. Here we tested what effect increasing abundance of SBPase would have on C4 photosynthesis. Using green foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), a model C4 plant of NADP-ME subtype, we created transgenic plants with 1.5 to 3.2 times higher SBPase content compared to wild-type plants. Transcripts of the transgene were found predominantly in the bundle sheaths suggesting the correct cellular localization of the protein. The abundance of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit was not affected in transgenic plants overexpressing SBPase, and neither was leaf chlorophyll content or photosynthetic electron transport parameters. We found no association between SBPase content in S. viridis and saturating rates of CO2 assimilation. Moreover, a detailed analysis of CO2 assimilation rates at different CO2 partial pressures, irradiances, and leaf temperatures showed no improvement of photosynthesis in plants overexpressing SBPase. We discuss the potential implications of these results for understanding the role of SBPase in regulation of C4 photosynthesis.
Ionicity and hydrogen affinity of water layers on metals
Authors: Bartelt Norman C , Thürmer Konrad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ability of metal surfaces to dissociate hydrogen molecules is key to many ways that metals react to their environment. Often, the barrier to dissociation is linked to the formation of surface hydrogen adatoms. Here, we show that hydrogen can be more strongly bound to water-covered surfaces in the form of hydronium ions than as adatoms. Density functional theory reveals that the hydronium binding is proportional to the surface electronic work function. For the case of Pt(111), a particularly high work function surface, the proton affinity of adsorbed water films can be 0.4 eV larger than that of the bare metal surface. This binding is large enough to make the water films susceptible to the formation of hydroxyl and hydronium ion pairs. We present evidence from scanning tunneling microscopy for the existence of hydronium ions in water films on Pt(111). This new insight into the stability of hydronium-containing water layers provides a basis for more realistic models of the chemical reactivity of water films on metals.
Anticipatory countering of motor challenges by premovement activation of orexin neurons
Authors: Donegan Dane , Peleg-Raibstein Daria , Lambercy Olivier , Burdakov Denis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Countering upcoming challenges with anticipatory movements is a fundamental function of the brain, whose neural implementations remain poorly defined. Recently, premovement neural activation was found outside canonical premotor areas, in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). The purpose of this hypothalamic activation is unknown. By studying precisely defined mouse–robot interactions, here we show that the premovement HON activity correlates with experience-dependent emergence of anticipatory movements that counter imminent motor challenges. Through targeted, bidirectional optogenetic interference, we demonstrate that the premovement HON activation governs the anticipatory movements. These findings advance our understanding of the behavioral and cognitive impact of temporally defined HON signals and may provide important insights into healthy adaptive movements.
Human FAM3C restores memory-based thermotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans famp-1/m70.4 loss-of-function mutants
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Imamura Ryuki , Sugi Takuma , Nishimura Masaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) superfamily represents a distinct class of signaling molecules that share a characteristic structural feature. Mammalian FAM3 member C (FAM3C) is abundantly expressed in neuronal cells and released from the synaptic vesicle to the extracellular milieu in an activity-dependent manner. However, the neural function of FAM3C has yet to be fully clarified. We found that the protein sequence of human FAM3C is similar to that of the N-terminal tandem domains of Caenorhabditis elegans FAMP-1 (formerly named M70.4), which has been recognized as a tentative ortholog of mammalian FAM3 members or protein-O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1). Missense mutations in the N-terminal domain, named Fam3L2, caused defects in memory-based thermotaxis but not in chemotaxis behaviors; these defects could be restored by AFD neuron-specific exogenous expression of a polypeptide corresponding to the Fam3L2 domain but not that corresponding to the Fam3L1. Moreover, human FAM3C could also rescue defective thermotaxis behavior in famp-1 mutant worms. An in vitro assay revealed that the Fam3L2 and FAM3C can bind with carbohydrates, similar to the stem domain of POMGnT1. The athermotactic mutations in the Fam3L2 domain caused a partial loss-of-function of FAMP-1, whereas the C-terminal truncation mutations led to more severe neural dysfunction that reduced locomotor activity. Overall, we show that the Fam3L2 domain-dependent function of FAMP-1 in AFD neurons is required for the thermotaxis migration of C. elegans and that human FAM3C can act as a substitute for the Fam3L2 domain in thermotaxis behaviors.
Feasibility of conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing whether omega-3 fatty acids prevent gout flares when starting urate-lowering treatment
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek , Fuller Amy , Nakafero Georgina , Zhang Weiya , Dumbleton Jennifer , Hawkey Christopher , Coupland Carol , Terkeltaub Robert , Doherty Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to test the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial exploring whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation limits gout flares during treat-to-target urate-lowering treatment (T2T-ULT).MethodsAdults with at least one gout flare in the past 12 months and serum urate (SU) ≥360 μmol/l were recruited from general practices (primary method) and randomly assigned 1:1 to receive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (4 g/day) or placebo for 28 weeks. At week 5, participants began T2T-ULT. The primary outcome was drop-out rate. Secondary outcomes were recruitment rate, outcome data completeness, the number, severity and duration of gout flares between weeks 5 and 28, and study drug compliance.ResultsNinety-five per cent of randomized participants (n = 60) completed all study visits. The primary method recruitment rate was 2.2%. Fifty and 42 participants achieved SU &lt; 360 and 300 μmol/l (6 and 5 mg/dl), respectively. The number of gout flares [median (interquartile range): active 1 (0–2) and placebo 1 (0–2)], flare duration [mean (s.d.): active 7.00 (4.52) days and placebo 7.06 (8.14) days] and time to first flare [hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.97 (0.50, 1.86)] were comparable between both arms. Study drug compliance was high and comparable in both arms [median (interquartile range) returned capsule count: active 57 (26–100) and placebo 58 (27–154)]; red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid index increased twofold in the active arm and remained unchanged in the control arm.ConclusionThe study demonstrated feasibility and provided useful metrics for conducting a community-based gout flare prophylaxis trial.Study registrationISRCTN; https://www.isrctn.com/; ISRCTN79392964.
Gender equity in rheumatology leadership in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Khursheed Tayyeba , Ovseiko Pavel V , Harifi Ghita , Badsha Humeira , Cheng Yew Kuang , Hill Catherine L , Haq Syed Atiqul , Danda Debashish , Gupta Latika 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore gender equity in rheumatology leadership in the Asia-Pacific region as represented by the member national organizations (MNOs) of the Asia-Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional review of gender representation among the presidents of MNOs of APLAR in April 2022. We used the official website of each organization to acquire names and terms in the office of current and past presidents of each organization. The binary gender of each president was estimated using the name-to-gender inference platform Gender API (https://gender-api.com/). Proportions of male and female presidents were estimated for each organization. Data were compared for presidencies commencing before and in/after the year 2000.

Results
We found a significant gap in gender parity, with most presidents in the region being men (210 of 252, 83%). More than one-third (7 of 19, 36.8%) of the MNOs had all male presidents, although the proportion of women improved from 7 to 25% in/after 2000 (P = 0.0002). A statistically significant increase in female representation was observed in Australia (P = 0.0268, from 7 to 39%) and New Zealand (P = 0.0011, where the proportion of female presidents increased from 0 to 45%), but not in other countries.

Conclusion
A significant gap in gender parity exists in rheumatology leadership in the MNOs of APLAR. Trends suggest improvement over the last two decades, although statistically significant improvement is limited to a small number of countries.
Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for active psoriatic arthritis: 52-week results from the KEEPsAKE 2 study
Authors: Östör Andrew , Van den Bosch Filip , Papp Kim , Asnal Cecilia , Blanco Ricardo , Aelion Jacob , Lu Wenjing , Wang Zailong , Soliman Ahmed M , Eldred Ann , Padilla Byron , Kivitz Alan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
PsA is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the skin and joints are affected. In this follow-up analysis, the 52-week efficacy and safety of risankizumab 150 mg in patients with active PsA who had previous inadequate response/intolerance to one or two biologic therapies (Bio-IR) or one or more conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARD-IR) were evaluated.

Methods
In the ongoing, phase 3, KEEPsAKE 2 trial, patients with active PsA were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous risankizumab 150 mg or placebo at weeks 0, 4 and 16 (period 1). At week 24 (period 2), patients who received placebo were switched to risankizumab, and all patients received risankizumab 150 mg every 12 weeks from weeks 28 to 208.

Results
At week 24, 51.3% of risankizumab-treated patients (n = 224) achieved ≥20% improvement in ACR criteria (ACR 20) vs 26.5% of placebo-treated patients (n = 220; P &lt; 0.001). At week 52, 58.5% of patients randomized to receive continuous risankizumab achieved ACR20, and 55.7% of patients who switched from placebo to risankizumab at week 24 achieved ACR20. Similar trends were observed for other efficacy measures. Rates of serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation remained stable through week 52, and no deaths were reported.

Conclusion
Risankizumab was well tolerated and improved symptoms of PsA in Bio-IR/csDMARD-IR patients, with a consistent long-term safety profile from weeks 24 to 52.

Trial registration
United States National Library of Medicine clinical trials database www.clinicaltrials.gov; KEEPsAKE 2; NCT03671148.
Sustainable Finance
Authors: Edmans Alex , Kacperczyk Marcin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sustainable finance—the integration of environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) issues into financial decisions—is an increasingly important topic. Within companies, sustainability is no longer an ancillary issue confined to corporate social responsibility departments, but a CEO-level issue fundamental to the core business. Within the investment industry, sustainability used to be the exclusive domain of “socially responsible investors” who had social as well as financial objectives, but is now mainstream and includes investors with purely financial goals. This article introduces the RF Special Issue on Sustainability. It highlights three reasons for the rapid rise in sustainable finance—its financial relevance, its contribution to nonfinancial objectives, and investor tastes. It then summarizes the eight articles in the Special Issue, in particular drawing out their contributions to the literature. Finally, we offer ideas for future research.
Neural encoding of novel social networks: evidence that perceivers prioritize others’ centrality
Authors: Schwyck Miriam E , Du Meng , Natarajan Pratishta , Chwe John Andrew , Parkinson Carolyn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKnowledge of someone’s friendships can powerfully impact how one interacts with them. Previous research suggests that information about others’ real-world social network positions—e.g. how well-connected they are (centrality), ‘degrees of separation’ (relative social distance)—is spontaneously encoded when encountering familiar individuals. However, many types of information covary with where someone sits in a social network. For instance, strangers’ face-based trait impressions are associated with their social network centrality, and social distance and centrality are inherently intertwined with familiarity, interpersonal similarity and memories. To disentangle the encoding of the social network position from other social information, participants learned a novel social network in which the social network position was decoupled from other factors and then saw each person’s image during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that social network centrality was robustly encoded in regions associated with visual attention and mentalizing. Thus, even when considering a social network in which one is not included and where centrality is unlinked from perceptual and experience-based features to which it is inextricably tied in naturalistic contexts, the brain encodes information about others’ importance in that network, likely shaping future perceptions of and interactions with those individuals.