bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in animal abundance and oxygen availability during and after the end‐Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Singh Pulkit , Lu Wanyi , Lu Zunli , Jost Adam B. , Lau Kimberly , Bachan Aviv , van de Schootbrugge Bas , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe end‐Triassic biodiversity crisis was one of the most severe mass extinctions in the history of animal life. However, the extent to which the loss of taxonomic diversity was coupled with a reduction in organismal abundance remains to be quantified. Further, the temporal relationship between organismal abundance and local marine redox conditions is lacking in carbonate sections. To address these questions, we measured skeletal grain abundance in shallow‐marine limestones by point counting 293 thin sections from four stratigraphic sections across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Lombardy Basin and Apennine Platform of western Tethys. Skeletal abundance decreased abruptly across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in all stratigraphic sections. The abundance of skeletal organisms remained low throughout the lower‐middle Hettangian strata and began to rebound during the late Hettangian and early Sinemurian. A two‐way ANOVA indicates that sample age (p < .01, η2 = 0.30) explains more of the variation in skeletal abundance than the depositional environment or paleobathymetry (p < .01, η2 = 0.15). Measured I/Ca ratios, a proxy for local shallow‐marine redox conditions, show this same pattern with the lowest I/Ca ratios occurring in the early Hettangian. The close correspondence between oceanic water column oxygen levels and skeletal abundance indicates a connection between redox conditions and benthic organismal abundance across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. These findings indicate that the end‐Triassic mass extinction reduced not only the biodiversity but also the carrying capacity for skeletal organisms in early Hettangian ecosystems, adding to evidence that mass extinction of species generally leads to mass rarity among survivors.
Seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality under the rise of a flagship marine megaherbivore
Authors: Christianen Marjolijn J. A. , Smulders Fee O. H. , Vonk Jan Arie , Becking Leontine E. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Engel Sabine M. , James Rebecca K. , Nava Mabel I. , de Smit Jaco C. , van der Zee Jurjan P. , Palsbøll Per J. , Bakker Elisabeth S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge grazers (megaherbivores) have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. However, how ecosystem multifunctionality is affected by changes in megaherbivore populations remains poorly understood. Understanding the total impact on ecosystem multifunctionality requires an integrative ecosystem approach, which is especially challenging to obtain in marine systems. We assessed the effects of experimentally simulated grazing intensity scenarios on ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in a tropical Caribbean seagrass ecosystem. As a model, we selected a key marine megaherbivore, the green turtle, whose ecological role is rapidly unfolding in numerous foraging areas where populations are recovering through conservation after centuries of decline, with an increase in recorded overgrazing episodes. To quantify the effects, we employed a novel integrated index of seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality based upon multiple, well‐recognized measures of seagrass ecosystem functions that reflect ecosystem services. Experiments revealed that intermediate turtle grazing resulted in the highest rates of nutrient cycling and carbon storage, while sediment stabilization, decomposition rates, epifauna richness, and fish biomass are highest in the absence of turtle grazing. In contrast, intense grazing resulted in disproportionally large effects on ecosystem functions and a collapse of multifunctionality. These results imply that (i) the return of a megaherbivore can exert strong effects on coastal ecosystem functions and multifunctionality, (ii) conservation efforts that are skewed toward megaherbivores, but ignore their key drivers like predators or habitat, will likely result in overgrazing‐induced loss of multifunctionality, and (iii) the multifunctionality index shows great potential as a quantitative tool to assess ecosystem performance. Considerable and rapid alterations in megaherbivore abundance (both through extinction and conservation) cause an imbalance in ecosystem functioning and substantially alter or even compromise ecosystem services that help to negate global change effects. An integrative ecosystem approach in environmental management is urgently required to protect and enhance ecosystem multifunctionality.
Correct dosing of Prothrombinex‐VF in normalising elevated international normalised ratio in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort pilot study
Authors: McAlister Ailbhe C. , Ho Kwok M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundProthrombinex‐VF is being increasingly used as an off‐label therapy to correct non‐warfarin‐related elevations in international normalised ratio (INR) in the critically ill. Currently there are no dosing guidelines for such use.AimsTo validate a prediction equation, embedded in a smartphone application (app), to guide dosing of Prothrombinex‐VF in critically ill patients.MethodsA prospective pilot cohort study of critically ill adult patients with elevated INRs who were treated with Prothrombinex‐VF. The main outcome measured was INR following Prothrombinex‐VF administration.ResultsOf the 31 patients included, five (16%) were taking warfarin prior to admission and 14 (45%) had chronic liver disease. There was a significant decrease in INR after Prothrombinex‐VF treatment (P < 0.001) and a significant correlation between the app's predicted INRs and the measured INRs (r = 0.63 and P < 0.001). The app's predicted INRs were less accurate for patients with chronic liver disease than for those without. Overall, the app's recommendations achieved an INR either similar to (29.6%) or better than (55.6%) what would have been achieved had the warfarin reversal guidelines been applied to dose the Prothrombinex‐VF.ConclusionThe app appeared to be reasonably accurate at predicting normalisation of elevated INRs after administration of Prothrombinex‐VF, especially among patients without liver disease. Its dosing recommendations were similar to or possibly better than preexisting warfarin reversal guidelines in over 85% of the situations analysed, if we assume a higher dose of Prothrombinex‐VF would achieve a greater reduction in INR than a lower dose.
Psychological disorders among Spanish Nursing students three months afterCOVID‐19 lockdown: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mendez‐Pinto Itziar , Antuña‐Casal Maria , Mosteiro‐Diaz Maria‐Pilar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a notable impact on the psychological well‐being of a large part of the population, putting them at risk of developing depressive symptoms, different levels of anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One group considered to be at high risk are Nursing students; they were affected as learning strategies changed and clinical practices were cancelled. This study attempts to assess the psychological impact COVID‐19 pandemic had on Nursing students and to explore the sociodemographic differences that can be risk factors for mental health disturbance. The psychological impact was evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study took place 4 months after the state of alarm was declared over in Spain. From a total sample of 304 Nursing students, 26.7%, 39.8%, and 15.5% showed PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms, respectively. Severe levels of psychological impact have been associated with being a female, a smoker, and feeling fear and stress. Having a relative test positive has been linked to lower anxiety levels while being afraid or stressed to higher anxiety levels. Being a female, co‐habit with friends and feeling stress have been associated with higher depression levels.
A comparative study of full‐thickness skin grafting with and without subcutaneous fat preservation
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Qu Linghan , Song Baoqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkin grafting is an important method of wound repair and reconstruction. Skin grafting can be classified using multiple classification criteria. We often perform full‐thickness skin grafting (FTSG) for small wound areas; however, the traditional FTSG technique frequently causes postoperative scar depression at the donor site, especially in the abdomen. This study aimed to determine whether preserving the subcutaneous fat when performing FTSG can improve donor site prognosis. We reviewed 25 patients who underwent autologous FTSG in the last 3 years. Among them, subcutaneous fat was preserved in 11 patients (experimental group), whereas it was not preserved in 14 patients (control group). Using a 3D camera and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), we evaluated the donor site postoperatively. According to POSAS, vascularization was significantly more severe in the experimental group. The Antera 3D camera revealed more severe scar depression at the donor site in the control group. The processing time for graft take, subcutaneous fat trimming and donor site closure was less in the experimental group than in the control group. Preserving subcutaneous fat at the donor site improved patient outcomes by reducing donor site depression after FTSG.
A meta‐analysis showing the quantitative evidence base of perineural nalbuphine for wound pain from upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery
Authors: Shi Wei , Dong Jing , Chen Jian‐Feng , Yu Hai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe adjuvant effectiveness of nalbuphine in context of brachial plexus block (BPB) in patients undergoing upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery has remained uncertain. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the analgesic benefit of mixing nalbuphine into local anaesthetics in BPB for wound pain from upper‐limb trauma surgery. Primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. Seventeen trials (1104 patients) were analysed. Patients receiving nalbuphine have an increased weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% confidence interval of the duration of analgesia by 186.91 minutes (133.67 to 240.16) (P < 0.001). Compared to placebo, nalbuphine shorten the onset time of sensory and motor block by WMD of 2.59 (1.27 to 3.92) and 3.06 minutes (1.65 to 4.48) (P < 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, nalbuphine prolonged the durations of sensory and motor block (P < 0.001). Qualitative and quantitative synthesis revealed no differences with regard to the outcomes related to side‐effects. There is moderate‐quality evidence that the addition of nalbuphine to local anaesthetics for BPB in patients undergoing upper‐limb orthopaedic trauma surgery significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia, while preserving a similar safety‐profile compared with local anaesthetics alone. However, these benefits should be further weighed against nalbuphine‐related neurological safety in future studies.
The assessment for selection and correction of RS‐based DEMs and 1D and 2D HEC‐RAS models for flood mapping in different river types
Authors: Arash Amir Mohammad , Yasi Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDigital Elevation Models (DEMs) act as an essential input to hydraulic models for the simulation of flood hazard maps. Coarser resolution DEMs are subject to higher levels of uncertainty, particularly in capturing river‐bed bathymetry. The principal aim of the present study was to assess the potential use of freely available DEMs and the 1D and 2D HEC‐RAS modeling approaches for flood mapping in four different types of river morphology. The DEM created from direct river survey (Surveyed DEM) was used as a benchmark to assess three remote sensing‐based DEMs (i.e., ALOS, SRTM, and ASTER). The results indicated that ALOS is more accurate. However, the regeneration of main‐channel bathymetry was poor for floodplain‐meandering and braided river reaches. The DEMs were then corrected by optimizing the number and layout of representative sections. A total of 144 tests were carried out. The results indicated that the flood‐mapping index F of ALOS increased from 86% to 91%. The flood mapping with a 1D model was sufficient in straight reaches (F‐index 84%). In floodplain‐meandering rivers, a 2D model had to be used to reach an F‐index up to 81%. The responses of both 1D and 2D models were almost identical in the case of wide‐braided rivers.
Consumption coping strategies and well‐being among refugee consumers
Authors: Zourrig Haithem , El Hedhli Kamel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to provide new insight into refugee consumers' adaptation to stress with a particular emphasis on consumption coping strategies and well‐being. Drawing on the appraisal‐coping theory, this paper proposes a theoretical framework relating stress to coping responses and refugee well‐being. Social support is also introduced in the framework as a moderator. Examining the interplays between these concepts provides a comprehensive view of how changes in consumption patterns occur and how they affect refugee well‐being. Insights from this paper suggest that consumption activities could be viewed as responses of adaptation to chronic and acute stress. To adapt to new circumstances and reduce their stress, refugee consumers could engage in adaptive consumption coping or maladaptive consumption coping (i.e., compulsive and impulsive consumption), which in turn affect their psychological and physical, family, and economic well‐being. The paper contends that service support moderates the relationships between stress, coping responses, and refugee well‐being.
Risk factors for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia development of singleton normal fetus with partial hydatidiform mole pregnancy: A retrospective cohort and literature review
Authors: Zhong Lan , Song Liang , Yin Rutie , Li Qingli , Wang Danqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSingleton normal fetus with partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. No previous reports have investigated the risk factors of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) progression following this condition.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled cases of singleton normal fetuses with PHM pregnancies at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, from 2005 to 2017. Other cases were identified from PubMed databases during 1975 to 2021 for the cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate risk factors for GTN progression based on the patient's clinical characteristics.ResultsOverall, 36 cases of singleton normal fetuses with PHM pregnancies were enrolled. After a median follow‐up of 4.0 (0.8–12.0) months, nine (25.0%) patients progressed to GTN. Gestational age at pregnancy termination (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–0.99, p = 0.032), hyperthyroidism (HR 5.75; 95% CI, 1.16–28.50, p = 0.032), and reasons for pregnancy termination (medical indications vs. patients' choice; HR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.06–0.99, p = 0.049) were significantly correlated with GTN progression. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of gestational age at pregnancy termination to predict non‐progression to GTN was 0.784 (95% CI, 0.615–0.903, p < 0.001). A clinically significant cutoff value, that is, gestational age of 24 weeks, was determined by comprehensively considering the cutoff values of AUC and clinical significance of gestational age.ConclusionsCompared to gestational age of pregnancy termination <24 weeks, ≥24 weeks was a protective factor for GTN. Therefore, there is enough evidence to continue pregnancy, except for uncontrolled severe complications, without increasing the risk of GTN progression.
Effect of sleep disturbance on biomarkers related to the development of adverse health outcomes: A systematic review of the human literature
Authors: Sivakumaran Kapeena , Ritonja Jennifer A. , Palmer Nicole , Pasumarthi Tejanth , Waseem Haya , Yu Tiffany , Denning Allison , Michaud David , Morgan Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLiterature suggests that unrestricted and undisturbed sleep is vital for basic human function and performance; however, it is unclear as to what amount of sleep disturbance leads to dysregulation in biomarkers, which may underscore the development of adverse health effects. This systematic review aims to identify the amount of sleep disturbance that contributes to biomarker changes as a potential precursor to the development of adverse health effects. English‐language comparative studies available in PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases from 1 January 1980 to 31 July 2021 were searched. Where possible, random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to examine the effect of sleep disturbances on adverse health effects. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Risk of Bias of Nonrandomised Studies – of Exposures instruments and the certainty of the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The search identified 92 primary studies reporting on blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac output, waist circumference, cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, immune system markers, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Although some meta‐analyses suggested there may be an association between sleep disturbances and certain outcomes, the certainty in the evidence was very low due to concerns with risk of bias, inconsistency across exposures, populations, and imprecision in the estimates of effects. Further research is needed to explore the point at which types, levels and duration of sleep disturbances may begin to increase the risk of developing adverse health outcomes to inform and tailor health interventions.
Cross‐sectional interrelationships between chronotype, obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure in a middle‐aged community cohort
Authors: Sansom Kelly , Reynolds Amy , Dhaliwal Satvinder S. , Walsh Jennifer , Maddison Kathleen , Singh Bhajan , Eastwood Peter , McArdle Nigel 
Published: November 2022

SummaryChronotype is linked to adverse health measures and may have important associations with obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure, but data are limited. This study aimed to determine the separate and combined associations of chronotype with obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure in a middle‐aged community population. Adults (n = 811) from the Raine Study (female = 59.2%; age mean [range] = 56.6 [42.1–76.6] years) were assessed for chronotype (Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire), blood pressure and hypertension (doctor diagnosed or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg), and obstructive sleep apnea at different in‐laboratory apnea–hypopnea index thresholds (5, 10, 15 events per hr). Linear and logistic regression models examined relationships between chronotype and the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea, blood pressure, hypertension, and blood pressure stratified by obstructive sleep apnea severity at above‐mentioned apnea–hypopnea index thresholds. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, sleep duration, anti‐hypertensive medication, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. Most participants were categorised as morning (40%) or intermediate (43%), with 17% meeting criteria for evening chronotypes. Participants with apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr and morning chronotype had higher systolic (9.9 mmHg, p < 0.001) and a trend for higher diastolic blood pressure (3.4 mmHg, p = 0.07) compared with those with an evening chronotype, and higher systolic blood pressure compared with those with an intermediate chronotype (4.8 mmHg, p = 0.03). Across chronotype categories, no differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure or odds of hypertension were found at apnea–hypopnea index thresholds of ≥ 5 or ≥ 10 events per hr. Among participants with apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr, systolic blood pressure is higher in those with a morning chronotype than evening and intermediate chronotypes. Assessment for morning chronotype may improve risk stratification for hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Preserving the right of access to copyrighted works based on data regulation
Authors: Ruthes Gonçalves Lukas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToy Story 2 only exists because one of the movie's directors had made a backup copy of the movie while she worked from home, otherwise the movie would have been lost due to a computer malfunction. Just as though content access through the internet was intended to allow for works to become more easily accessible, there is no guarantee that they will remain this way. How, then, do we assure users and creators have not only a right to access content made available online, but also a right to preserve such access? This article intends to answer this question by analyzing US Copyright regulation, how it regulates access and preservation of works, and, especially, how it does not. I argue that a policy proposal regarding a right to preserve access could be had based on data protection regulation. Getting inspiration from the way recent data regulation legislation forced different providers that operate on the internet to adapt their terms into a regulatory “common ground,” this article claims users would be benefited if they could preserve the right of access to works they legally acquired the same way as they have access to and can make copies of their personal data in these services.
Attention to detail: A photo‐elicitation study of salience and packaging design for portion control and healthy eating
Authors: Chu Ruiqi , Tang Tang , Hetherington Marion M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvidence demonstrates that food packaging attracts consumers to purchase and has the potential to nudge consumers towards healthy choices, including reducing portion size. However, food purchasing decisions are often automatic and packaging features may go unnoticed. Therefore, it is important to understand what consumers identify as most salient about packaging: what they notice and why, and which elements might nudge consumers towards healthy options and smaller portions of high‐energy‐density foods. This study explored consumer perception of food packaging, investigated specific features associated with portion control and elicited design ideas to improve packaging for healthy eating and downsizing. A qualitative approach was adopted applying a participant‐driven photo‐elicitation (PDPE) task with in‐depth interviews. Participants were 25 adults living in the UK (aged 20–32 years; 17 females, 8 males, BMI = 23 kg/m2). Participants took photographs of 10 food packages according to salience (n = 5) and portion control (n = 5). These were uploaded to a secure site and then discussed at the interview, which was transcribed and analysed. The salience of packaging was described in terms of trust building, stimulating appetite and relating to self‐identity, whereas for portion control, themes included structural reminders, healthy prompts and portion awareness. Packaging can be designed to make health value or serving size more salient by prompting portion control and increasing the attractiveness of packaging. While food purchase decisions happen with little deliberation, when probed, consumers provide useful insights for packaging design to assist portion control.