bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DMST-based tool to establish the best aspect ratio, solidity and rotational speed for tidal turbines in real sea conditions
Authors: Pucci Micol , Zanforlin Stefania , Bellafiore Debora , Umgiesser Georg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA Double Multiple Stream Tube (DMST) routine to predict the performance of cross-flow hydrokinetic turbines in real environments is presented, along with a site assessment application to identify the most efficient turbine aspect ratio, solidity and configuration (single, or paired) for a selected area of the Northern Adriatic Sea. The peculiarity of this DMST tool is its 3D character, since it allows to reproduce the vertical distribution of the torque generated by the turbine. To this end, correlations for fluid dynamic phenomena, based on high-fidelity fully CFD simulations, were implemented. The marine circulation code SHYFEM is adopted to obtain velocity profiles for a half lunar cycle period. The sites with the highest mean kinetic power were identified. The DMST routine is equipped with an iterative process able to establish which rotational speed maximizes the power output. Indeed, a spatially non-uniform velocity profile requires to determine the flow velocity more suitable to obtain the rotational speed via Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) definition. To this end, the section of the blades working at optimal TSR varies from top to bottom, until the maximum power is reached. It works as a virtual Maximum Power Point Tracking system able to adapt the turbine operating conditions for the different turbine geometries, and for changes in flow conditions. The results show that for the case study, the performance curve shape influences the optimal TSR blade section: the latter is often located in the upper part of the turbine for the low solidity, whereas, for high solidity turbines, in the bottom half part.
An Ethical Defense of a Mandated Choice Consent Procedure for Deceased Organ Donation
Authors: Symons Xavier , Poulden Billy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrgan transplant shortages are ubiquitous in healthcare systems around the world. In response, several commentators have argued for the adoption of an opt-out policy for organ transplantation, whereby individuals would by default be registered as organ donors unless they informed authorities of their desire to opt-out. This may potentially lead to an increase in donation rates. An opt-out system, however, presumes consent even when it is evident that a significant minority are resistant to organ donation. In this article, we defend a mandated choice framework for consent to deceased organ donation. A mandated choice framework, coupled with good public education, would likely increase donation rates. More importantly, however, a mandated choice framework would respect the autonomous preferences of people who do not wish to donate. We focus in particular on the Australian healthcare context, and consider how a mandated choice system could function as an ethical means to increase the organ donation rate in Australia. We make the novel proposal that all individuals who vote at an Australian federal election be required to state their organ donation preferences when voting.
Failure of subcutaneous lipectomy to combat metabolic dysregulations in ovariectomy-induced obesity in young female rats
Authors: El-Kafoury Bataa , Mohamed Fatma , Bahgat Nehal , El Samad Abeer Abd , Shawky Mona , Abdel-Hady Enas A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The deleterious effect of visceral adipose tissue accumulation is well known. However, the recent trend in liposuction is mal-directed toward easily accessible subcutaneous fat for the purpose of body shaping. The aim of the present study is to probe the metabolic effects of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipectomy in ovariectomized obese rats as well as the role of adipokines in these changes.

Methods
The study was conducted on young female rats randomized into two main groups according to the duration of the experiment, namely, 5-week and 10-week. Both groups were subdivided as follows: sham-operated, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized lipectomized rat groups. The rats underwent measurement of body weight (BW) and determination of body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver function, plasma malondialdehyde, leptin, and adiponectin were estimated, and the content of both blood and hepatic tissue of reduced glutathione was assessed. In addition, histological study of the liver, aorta, and perirenal fat of all rat groups was performed.

Results
Ovariectomy-induced obesity is marked by a significant increase in BW and BMI. Following subcutaneous lipectomy, the rats exhibited significant weight gain accompanied by fasting hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, deterioration of synthetic function of the liver, and disturbed oxidant/antioxidant status. Histological examination revealed fatty infiltration of aortic and hepatic tissues.

Conclusion
Despite the immediate positive effect of subcutaneous lipectomy for weight loss and/or body shaping, multiple delayed hazards follow the procedure, which should be carefully considered.
“This Student Needs to Stay Back”: To What Degree Would Instructors Rely on the Recommendation of Learning Analytics?
Authors: Mai Linda , Köchling Alina , Wehner Marius Claus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLearning analytics (LA) systems are becoming a new source of advice for instructors. Using LA provides new insights into learning behaviours and occurring problems about learners. Educational platforms collect a wide range of data while learners use them, for example, time spent on the platform, passed exams, and completed tasks and provide recommendations in terms of predicted learning success based on LA. In turn, LA might increase efficiency and objectivity in the grading process. In this paper, we examine how instructors react to the platform’s automatic recommendations and to which extent they consider them when judging learners. Drawing on an adaptive choice-based experimental research design and a sample of 372 instructors, we analyze whether and to what degree instructors are influenced by the provided data and recommendations of an unknown LA system. In a follow-up study with 95 teachers, we describe the differences in the use of data between learners and the influence of early warning systems. All in all, we show the influence of automatic evaluation on teachers.
Democracy and Sustainable Development
Authors: Banik Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe democratic discourse on climate change and sustainable development is becoming increasingly polarized. While some voters are pushing back against the movement to wean the world economy away from fossil fuels, others are questioning the huge costs that the transition to a green economy will impose and whether such attempts will have the required impact. This essay discusses the relationship between democracy and sustainable development by comparing the records of China and India in relation to the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It argues that the politics of sustainable development has not received the attention it deserves. With a growing number of actors involved at various levels of society, the sustainable development narrative has often focused on a win–win narrative while glossing over areas where political agreement is more difficult to reach. While autocracies can achieve good results, democracy provides the best platform and guarantees for difficult negotiations and deliberations that are required for the achievement of sustainable development.
Nonfreezing Cold Injury and Cold Intolerance in Paddlesport
Authors: Oakley Ben , Brown Hannah L. , Johnson Nicholas , Bainbridge Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) occurs when tissues are subjected to prolonged cooling that causes tissue damage, but not freezing. Long-term effects include cold intolerance, with allodynia, pain, or numbness of the affected limb. Those who participate in outdoor paddlesports are at particular risk. Methods This is an epidemiological study that aimed to determine the risk factors for paddlesport athletes developing NFCI and chronic cold intolerance in their hands. Secondary outcomes were to correlate cumulative cold exposure with the development of cold intolerance and to identify risk factors for developing NFCI or cold intolerance. Six hundred nine athletes responded to a survey distributed by their national governing body obtaining demographic and activity details, symptoms of NFCI, and a cold intolerance severity score (CISS). Results Twenty-three percent reported symptoms consistent with acute NFCI. The median CISS was 31 y (interquartile range 25–43), and 15% had a pathological CISS defined as >50. Females and individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon or migraines had a significantly higher CISS ( P<0.05). Regression analysis found that females, smokers, and those with Raynaud’s phenomenon or a previous nerve injury had a significantly higher risk of developing pathological cold intolerance (CISS >50). There was no correlation between cumulative cold exposure and CISS. Conclusions A large proportion of paddlesport athletes undertaking activity in cold conditions have a pathological CISS or episodes consistent with NFCI. Cumulative cold exposure was not associated with a pathologically high CISS. The risk factors were female sex, smokers, and those suffering from either Raynaud’s phenomenon or nerve injury.
Expanding the scope and visibility of ambulatory stewardship programs with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutics
Authors: Bao Hongkai , Guo Yi , Chang Mei H. , McSweeney Terrence , Golia Austin M. , Cowman Kelsie , Bartash Rachel , Anosike Brenda I. , Nori Priya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) can be expanded to the outpatient setting to serve as a first line of defense against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalizations and to reduce the burden on emergency departments and acute-care hospitals. Given the numerous emergency use authorizations of monoclonal antibodies and oral antivirals, ASPs possess the expertise and leadership to direct ambulatory COVID-19 initiatives and transform it into a predominantly outpatient illness. In this review, we summarize the critical role and benefits of an ASP-championed ambulatory COVID-19 therapeutics program.
Self-Compassion as a Moderator of the Association Between COVID-19 Stressors and Psychological Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Keng Shian-Ling , Hwang Emily Zhen Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adverse psychological outcomes for many around the globe. Less is known however regarding dispositional traits that may protect against negative psychological outcomes. This study examined the prospective association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological symptoms, and whether self-compassion (referring to a dispositional tendency of relating to oneself kindly) would moderate this association. A convenience sample of 212 university students and working adults (60.4% female;Mage= 20.92 years) based in Singapore completed measures assessing COVID-19 stressors (perceived COVID-19 health risk, economic impact, and impact on daily life), psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms), and self-compassion 2 months apart. Results indicated that perceived COVID-19 health risk at baseline predicted anxiety symptoms 2 months later, above and beyond baseline anxiety symptoms. Self-compassion moderated the association between perceived COVID-19 health risk and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between perceived impact on daily life and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of self-compassion in alleviating psychological symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Enabling community input to improve equity in and access to translational research: The Community Coalition for Equity in Research
Authors: Emmons Karen M. , Curry Michael , Lee Rebekka M. , Pless Albert , Ramanadhan Shoba , Trujillo Carolina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
The COVID vaccine trials illustrated the critical need for the development of mechanisms to serve as a bridge between least advantaged communities and researchers. Such mechanisms would increase the number of studies that are designed with community needs and interests in mind, in ways that will close gaps rather than widen them. This paper reports on the creation of the Community Coalition for Equity in Research, a community-driven resource designed to build community capacity to provide researchers with credible and actionable input on study design and implementation and increase researchers’ understanding of factors that influence community support of research.

Methods and Results:
We provide a description of the Coalition’s structure and process and an evaluation of its first year of operation. Researchers rated their experience very positively and reported that the Coalition’s review will improve their research. Coalition members reported high levels of satisfaction with their participation and the processes set up for them to engage with researchers. Members also largely agreed that their participation has value for their community, and that it has increased their interest in research and the likelihood that they would recommend research participation to others.

Conclusions:
The Coalition represents a model for increasing two-way engagement between researchers and the larger community. We are optimistic that the Coalition will continue to develop and grow into a vibrant entity that will bring value to both investigators and our local communities and will increase the consideration of equity as a foundational principle in all translational research.
Feeding role of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells is influenced by genetic background, cell passage and day of isolation
Authors: Choupani Fatemeh , Assadollahi Vahideh , Vahabzadeh Zakaria , Daneshi Erfan , Abouzaripour Morteza , Soleimani Farzad , Bahrami Saman , Fathi Fardin 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells are commonly used as feeder cells to maintain the pluripotent state of stem cells. MEFs produce growth factors and provide adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds for cellular binding. In the present study, we compared the expression levels of Fgf2, Bmp4, ActivinA, Lif and Tgfb1 genes at the mRNA level and the level of Fgf2 protein secretion and Lif cytokine secretion at passages one, three and five of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos of NMRI and C57BL/6 mice using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed differences in the expression levels of the studied genes and secretion of the two growth factors in the three passages of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos, respectively. These differences were also observed between the NMRI and C57BL/6 strains. The results of this study suggested that researchers should use mice embryos that have different genetic backgrounds and ages, in addition to different MEF passages, when producing MEFs based on the application and type of their study.
Quid novum ad mensam hodie?The faunal remains from a Roman road station at Khirbet es-Samra, Jordan
Authors: Monchot Hervé 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article describes the numerous bone remains discovered in a Roman road station, amansio, on the Via Nova Traiana. The finds are exceptional and provide valuable insights into the daily life, environment, and economy of a road station. The assemblage is dominated by domestic species, mainly sheep/goat, followed, to a lesser extent, by chicken, cattle, and pigs. Beasts of burden (donkey, camel), hunted game (gazelle, hare), fish, and seashells complete the bone assemblage. Together, the zooarchaeological information allows us to discuss the procurement and role of meat in the diet of the residents and visitors to this station.
Using event-related potentials to characterize inhibitory control and self-monitoring across impulsive and compulsive phenotypes: a dimensional approach to OCD
Authors: Dhir Sakshi , Tyler Kaelasha , Albertella Lucy , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Teo Wei-Peng , Yücel Murat , Segrave Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective“Subsyndromal” obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms (OCDSs) are common and cause impaired psychosocial functioning. OCDSs are better captured by dimensional models of psychopathology, as opposed to categorical diagnoses. However, such dimensional approaches require a deep understanding of the underlying neurocognitive drivers and impulsive and compulsive traits (ie, neurocognitive phenotypes) across symptoms. This study investigated inhibitory control and self-monitoring across impulsivity, compulsivity, and their interaction in individuals (n = 40) experiencing mild–moderate OCDSs.MethodsEEG recording concurrent with the stop-signal task was used to elicit event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing inhibitory control (ie, N2 and P3) and self-monitoring (ie, error-related negativity and correct-related negativity (CRN): negativity following erroneous or correct responses, respectively).ResultsDuring unsuccessful stopping, individuals high in both impulsivity and compulsivity displayed enhanced N2 amplitude, indicative of conflict between the urge to respond and need to stop (F(3, 33) = 1.48, P < .05, 95% Cl [−0.01, 0.001]). Individuals high in compulsivity and low in impulsivity showed reduced P3 amplitude, consistent with impairments in monitoring failed inhibitory control (F(3, 24) = 2.033, P < .05, 95% CI [−0.002, 0.045]). Following successful stopping, high compulsivity (independent of impulsivity) was associated with lower CRN amplitude, reflecting hypo-monitoring of correct responses (F(4, 32) = 4.76, P < .05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.02]), and with greater OCDS severity (F(3, 36) = 3.32, P < .05, 95% CI [0.03, 0.19]).ConclusionThe current findings provide evidence for differential, ERP-indexed inhibitory control and self-monitoring profiles across impulsive and compulsive phenotypes in OCDSs.
How open science can benefit bilingualism research: A lesson in six tales
Authors: Dal Ben Rodrigo , Brouillard Melanie , Gonzalez-Barrero Ana Maria , Killam Hilary , Kremin Lena V. , Quirk Erin , Sander-Montant Andrea , Schott Esther , Tsui Rachel Ka-Ying , Byers-Heinlein Krista 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBilingualism is hard to define, measure, and study. Sparked by the “replication crisis” in the social sciences, a recent discussion on the advantages of open science is gaining momentum. Here, we join this debate to argue that bilingualism research would greatly benefit from embracing open science. We do so in a unique way, by presenting six fictional stories that illustrate how open science practices – sharing preprints, materials, code, and data; pre-registering studies; and joining large-scale collaborations – can strengthen bilingualism research and further improve its quality.
Consumers, curations, ‘community’, contestation and the time of COVID-19. Linkages and perspectives
Authors: Wallace Saro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReification of ‘community’ and community engagement by professional curators of material culture has recently been critiqued in ways which highlight the diversity of cultural identities and priorities among the general public. Whennotacting as coherent local communities under professional supervision, people are otherwise curating culture in public space within frameworks of spiritual and creative expression, place significance and identity. Employing primarily secondary sources, I address recent outdoor public curation practices in the West, and consider such deposits in relation to cultural-heritage management, a perspective in which they have hitherto been little addressed. Although these practices typically use accumulations of themed objects to achieve visibility and audience, I conclude that they are ultimately more focused on the individual than on the community, with linkages within and between them highly digitally enabled. Apparently intensified by the effects of recent COVID-19 travel lockdowns, the practices are also linked by their typical colonization of transit spaces (thereby accessing audiences who are also expected participants), by their conscious ephemerality (with deliberate innocence about end destinations of the objects used), and by their use of mundane consumer artefacts. All these features pose challenges to their management, and curated deposits are often contested or removed by official curators or managers of public space, even as the same entities appropriate similar tropes to engage customers. With resurgent interest in tangible culture and physical place following pandemic-era overloading in the virtual domain, with travel habits potentially using different routes, at altered times, and with use of social media continuing to grow, such activities may see increased participation. This analysis suggests that imaginative proactive official treatment of these curations (e.g. by municipal authorities, heritage site curators, rangers or other property owners/managers) could avoid conflict with creators and also help reduce enduring public ‘innocence’ about the disposability of consumer objects. Treatment could involve encouraging ongoing adaptation (digitally recorded and disseminated) of the curated objectsin situby their transitory public audiences.
Participatory processes and their outcomes: comparing assembly and popular vote decisions
Authors: el-Wakil Alice , Strebel Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow do face-to-face, assembly processes, and non-face-to-face, popular vote processes impact the decisions made by citizens? Normative discussions of the comparative merits of these two broad types of participatory decision-making processes partly rely on empirical assumptions concerning this question. In this paper, we test the central assumption that assemblies lead to decisions that are more widely supported by participants than popular votes. We do so by analyzing 1,400 decisions made through these processes on the highly salient issue of municipal mergers in Swiss municipalities since 1999. We find that assembly decisions are consistently made by larger majorities than popular vote decisions and that this relationship is significantly mediated by turnout. This suggests that higher levels of agreement in assemblies mainly result from selection biases – with fewer dissenting citizens participating in assemblies than in popular votes – rather than from internal dynamics in assemblies.