bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment shapes tree community traits in China's forests
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Tu , Yan Yujing , Guo Qiang , Guo Yanpei , Sheremetiev Serge N. , Tang Zhiyao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuestionEnvironmental filtering plays an important role in plant community assembly. To what extent does the broad‐scale environment influence the functional composition of woody plants in China's forests? Is there stronger trait convergence under harsher environmental conditions?LocationChina.MethodsWe characterized community traits and their relationships to climate and soil, using a data set with 1312 plots of tree communities composed of 1591 tree species and 10 functional traits across China. Using quadratic models, we explored how community traits change with different environmental factors.ResultsTrait spectra at the species level and the community level were significantly correlated, and the first two principal components captured 74.5% of the variation in community‐weighted mean traits. The trait spectra showed a clear elevational pattern and varied along climate and soil gradients. Compared with random expectations, the multi‐trait functional diversity showed a divergence pattern on poor soils at the plot scale.ConclusionsTwo well‐known dimensions, the leaf economics spectrum and size‐related spectrum, could be extended from the species level to the community level. Environment, especially climate conditions, drives the trait spectra and their elevational patterns at the broad scale, indicating environmental filtering might shape the trait composition of tree communities in China. However, stronger environmental filtering does not occur under harsher environmental conditions.
Variable hybridization between two Lake Tanganyikan cichlid species in recent secondary contact
Authors: Lewanski Alexander L. , Golcher‐Benavides Jimena , Rick Jessica A. , Wagner Catherine E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClosely related taxa frequently exist in sympatry before the evolution of robust reproductive barriers, which can lead to substantial gene flow. Post‐divergence gene flow can promote several disparate trajectories of divergence ranging from the erosion of distinctiveness and eventual collapse of the taxa to the strengthening of reproductive isolation. Among many relevant factors, understanding the demographic history of divergence (e.g. divergence time and extent of historical gene flow) can be particularly informative when examining contemporary gene flow between closely related taxa because this history can influence gene flow's prevalence and consequences. Here, we used genotyping‐by‐sequencing data to investigate speciation and contemporary hybridization in two closely related and sympatrically distributed Lake Tanganyikan cichlid species in the genus Petrochromis. Demographic modelling supported a speciation scenario involving divergence in isolation followed by secondary contact with bidirectional gene flow. Further investigation of this recent gene flow found evidence of ongoing hybridization between the species that varied in extent between different co‐occurring populations. Relationships between abundance and the degree of admixture across populations suggest that the availability of conspecific mates may influence patterns of hybridization. These results, together with the observation that sets of recently diverged cichlid taxa are generally geographically separated in the lake, suggest that ongoing speciation in Lake Tanganyikan cichlids relies on initial spatial isolation. Additionally, the spatial heterogeneity of admixture between the Petrochromis species illustrates the complexities of hybridization when species are in recent secondary contact.
Effects of awake‐prone positioning on oxygenation and physiological outcomes in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Othman Sahar Younes , El‐Menshawy Ahmed M. , Mohamed Alaa M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundProne positioning is a well‐known supportive approach for increasing oxygenation and reducing mortality in non‐COVID‐19 patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, studies highlighting the effects of proning in patients with COVID‐19 are limited.AimTo investigate the effects of awake‐prone positioning (APP) on oxygenation and physiological outcomes in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19.Study DesignA randomized controlled trial was carried out with two parallel groups at 1:1 ratio.Adult awake non‐intubated patients with confirmed COVID‐19, non‐rebreathing face mask or continuous positive airway pressure, PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤150 mmHg were randomly assigned to the APP group or control group. The control group was subjected to conventional positioning interventions. Outcome measures were PaO2/FiO2 ratio, ROX index, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and shock index. These parameters were recorded immediately before positioning, 10 min after patient positioning, and 1 h after patient positioning.ResultsOf 115 patients assessed for eligibility, 82 were randomized to the APP group or control group (41 patients in each group). The use of APP for non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19 resulted in statistically significant improvements in oxygenation parameters, that is, SpO2, PaO2/FiO2, ROX index, PaO2, and SaO2, at the three study time points (p = .000, .007, .000, .011, and .000 respectively). The SpO2 was increased to 92.15 ± 2.735 mmHg for the APP group versus 88.17 ± 4.847 for the control group after 1 h of patients' positioning. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased in the APP group before proning compared with 1 h after proning (79.95 ± 22.508 vs. 98.91 ± 34.44) respectively. APP improved the SpO2, PaO2/FiO2, ROX index, PaO2, and SaO2 values for the APP group, representing an increase of 5.85%, 23.71%, 30.79%, 22.59%, and 5.26%, respectively.ConclusionAwake proning in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19 showed marked improvement in oxygenation and physiological parameters.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study provides evidence for critical care nurses to implement APP in non‐intubated patients with COVID‐19 to improve oxygenation and physiological parameters, as it was tolerated by most of the patients without serious adverse events.
Bring me my alcohol!—On the continuum of pleasure and pain
Authors: Christiansen Regina , Nielsen Anette S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlcohol use has been recognized as a challenge in eldercare and social care, and some anticipate that problems related to alcohol use will increase in the future as the current adult generation has high alcohol consumption rates. Accordingly, it is suggested that care workers are at risk of becoming passive bystanders to the destructive lifestyles of vulnerable older adults and even facilitating these lifestyles. In the present paper, we suggest that alcohol exacerbates and underscores inherent difficulties in eldercare, such as finding an appropriate balance between the personal freedom of the older adult and the responsibility of the care worker to provide care. The specific focus in the paper regard the communication and interaction involving values between people in eldercare in cases of problematic alcohol‐related situations to uncover the difficulties. We found it noteworthy that the objectives and perspectives of older adults, care workers, managers and relatives have implications regarding their interactions and communications because their varying experiences involve values that are not necessarily aligned. Sometimes, care workers have no choice but to act against what, in the public sphere and to the other care workers, is ruled out by virtue of their professional ethics. It is suggested that care workers describe and judge situations where alcohol is present paradoxically by virtue of their professional ethics, yet regulate their care to preserve the dignity of older adults, even when they find the situation to be an apparent dilemma.
Posterior Surgery in the Treatment of Craniovertebral Junction Deformity with Torticollis
Authors: Du Jinpeng , Gao Xiangcheng , Huang Yunfei , Yang Xiaobin , Zheng Bolong , Liu Zhongkai , Hui Hua , Gao Lin , Wu Jiayuan , Zhao Zhigang , He Baorong , Yan Liang , Hao Dingjun 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of posterior surgery in the treatment of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) deformities with torticollis and methods for preventing and treating complications in order to obtain a reasonable treatment strategy.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2017, 78 patients who suffered from CVJ deformities with torticollis treated by posterior surgery were analyzed. The surgical techniques were all posterior correction and fusion to restore the anatomical alignment of the craniovertebral junction. The visual analog score (VAS) and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) health survey questionnaire were utilized to evaluate preoperative and postoperative neck pain, and changes in the torticollis angle and atlas‐dens interval (ADI) were evaluated through anteroposterior X‐ray and computed tomography. Intra‐ and postoperative complications were all recorded. One‐way ANOVA, LSD‐t test, and χ2 test were performed to evaluate the difference between the preoperative and postoperative data.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 37.4 ± 15.7 months, the average operation time was 115.6 ± 12.8 min, and the average blood loss was 170.8 ± 26.3 mL. According to the deformity site, the range of posterior correction and fusion was as follows: 38 cases of C1–C2, 33 cases of C0–C2, and seven cases of C0–C3. The preoperative SF‐36, VAS, torticollis angle, and ADI were 42.6 ± 8.8, 4.8 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 11.2°, and 4.9 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. The difference was significant at 3 months post operation (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference at the final follow‐up compared with 3 months post operation (p > 0.05).ConclusionIt can objectively achieve favorable correction and satisfactory clinical effects under posterior correction and fixation for CVJ deformities with torticollis. Intra‐ and postoperative complications can be settled by proper management.
Symptomatic Complete Discoid Medial Meniscus Completely Coalesced with the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jin Guorong , Xin Tong , Weng Zheng , Zhu Yun , Qiu Hao , Liu Dun , Chen Shimou , Dong Jiangtao , Huang Fang , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundComplete discoid medial meniscus is an extremely rare abnormality of the knee joint whose meniscus has a discoid shape rather than a normal semilunar one. Several medial meniscus anomalies including anomalous insertion have been reported in the literature. This report presents a rare case of symptomatic complete discoid medial meniscus whose anterolateral (apical) portion was completely coalesced with the ACL. MRI, radiographic, and arthroscopic findings in the medial compartment are to be submitted.Case PresentationA 29‐year‐old male presented with intermittent pain and swelling of the right knee for 2 years. Based on radiographic, MRI, and physical examination findings, he was diagnosed with discoid medial meniscus tears. Arthroscopic saucerization was performed for the torn discoid medial meniscus of the right knee. Arthroscopic examination revealed a complete discoid medial meniscus and the anterolateral (apical) portion of which was completely coalesced with the ACL. Careful Probing of the meniscal surface revealed there was a longitudinal tear extending from the tibial spine to the midportion of the meniscus. Arthroscopic saucerization of the discoid meniscus was performed after closely cutting the meniscus around the ACL. The patient reported no symptoms, and he had returned to his daily and sports activities, including football, basketball, and jogging, at the 12‐month follow‐up.ConclusionComplete discoid medial meniscus is an extremely rare abnormality, and this case presents the third complete discoid medial meniscus whose anterolateral (apical) portion was completely coalesced with the ACL. The current case we present strongly supports the hypothesis that ACL and meniscus were differentiated from the same mesenchyme.
Loss of 2‐Cys‐Prx affects cellular ultrastructure, disturbs redox poise and impairs photosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Kalwani Prakash , Rath Devashish , Ballal Anand 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a striking similarity to plant chloroplasts, the cyanobacterium Anabaena displays very low catalase activity, but expresses several peroxiredoxins (Prxs), including the typical 2‐Cys‐Prx (annotated as Alr4641), that detoxify H2O2. Due to the presence of multiple Prxs, the precise contribution of Alr4641 to the oxidative stress response of Anabaena is not well‐defined. To unambiguously assess its in vivo function, the Alr4641 protein was knocked down using the CRISPRi approach in Anabaena PCC 7120. The knockdown strain (An‐KD4641), which showed over 85% decrease in the content of Alr4641, was viable, but grew slower than the control strain (An‐dCas9). An‐KD4641 showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and the expression of several redox‐responsive genes was analogous to that of An‐dCas9 subjected to oxidative stress. The knockdown strain displayed reduced filament size, altered thylakoid ultrastructure, a marked drop in the ratio of phycocyanin to chlorophyll a and decreased photosynthetic parameters compared to An‐dCas9. In comparison to the control strain, exposure to H2O2 had a more severe effect on the photosynthetic parameters or survival of An‐KD4641. Thus, in the absence of adequate catalase activity, 2‐Cys‐Prx appears to be the principal Prx responsible for maintaining redox homoeostasis in diverse photosynthetic systems ranging from chloroplasts to cyanobacteria.
Influence of epigenetics on periodontitis and peri‐implantitis pathogenesis
Authors: Larsson Lena , Kavanagh Nolan M. , Nguyen Trang V. N. , Castilho Rogerio M. , Berglundh Tord , Giannobile William V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeriodontitis is a disease characterized by tooth‐associated microbial biofilms that drive chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal‐supporting tissues. In some individuals, disease progression can lead to tooth loss. A similar condition can occur around dental implants in the form of peri‐implantitis. The immune response to bacterial challenges is not only influenced by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors. Epigenetics involves the study of gene function independent of changes to the DNA sequence and its associated proteins, and represents a critical link between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to contribute to the progression of several diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. This review aims to present the latest findings on epigenetic influences on periodontitis and to discuss potential mechanisms that may influence peri‐implantitis, given the paucity of information currently available.
Concise evaluation and therapeutic guidelines for severe periodontitis: A public health perspective
Authors: Slots Jørgen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main goal of periodontology is to prevent and arrest gingivitis and periodontitis to avoid tooth loss and focal infection of periodontal origin. Periodontal scaling or flap surgery of moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis have shortcomings, most likely because removal of herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens in deep periodontal lesions and the adjacent inflamed gingiva requires systemic antimicrobial treatment (or gingivectomy). Valacyclovir (1000 mg twice daily on day 1, and 500 mg twice daily on day 2 and on day 3) is a potent anti‐herpesvirus agent. Antibiotic combinations against bacterial pathogens include amoxicillin‐metronidazole (250 mg of each, thrice daily for 4 days; for systemically healthy adults) and ciprofloxacin‐metronidazole (500 mg of each, twice daily for 4 days; for immunosuppressed individuals and patients exposed to contaminated water and poor sanitation). Supportive antiseptic treatment may consist of 0.1%‐0.2% sodium hypochlorite (regular household bleach) as cooling spray in ultrasonic scalers, flosser fluid in oral irrigators, and mouthrinse in patient self‐care. The anti‐infective treatment described here helps control cases of severe periodontitis and constitutes an exceedingly inexpensive alternative to conventional (mechanical) periodontal therapy.
I'm Not a Scientist, I Just Know What I See: Hurricane experience and climate change acceptance
Authors: Usry Kaye , Husser Jason , Sparks Aaron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough severe weather events are becoming more frequent and more severe, for many citizens, climate change and its consequences are still a distant concern. In the United States, Republicans, in particular, have expressed skepticism about the threat posed by climate change. Is this skepticism reduced by direct experience with severe weather events?MethodsUsing two surveys of registered voters in North Carolina, we test whether the threat of being hit by Hurricane Florence, or experiencing its effects directly through power loss, flooding, or wind damage, was associated with reduced skepticism about the impact of climate change.ResultsRepublican voters who were the most threatened by the storm and who experienced one or more of its impacts were more likely to say climate change poses a threat to the state than their copartisans who were not threatened or impacted. However, among highly educated and motivated Republican voters, experience with Hurricane Florence was associated with increased skepticism about climate change.ConclusionSevere weather events have the potential to moderate climate change skepticism in the United States but not among the most engaged, dedicated partisans.
Glutathione degradation activity of γ‐glutamyl peptidase 1 manifests its dual roles in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ito Takehiro , Kitaiwa Taisuke , Nishizono Kosuke , Umahashi Minori , Miyaji Shunsuke , Agake Shin‐ichiro , Kuwahara Kana , Yokoyama Tadashi , Fushinobu Shinya , Maruyama‐Nakashita Akiko , Sugiyama Ryosuke , Sato Muneo , Inaba Jun , Hirai Masami Yokota , Ohkama‐Ohtsu Naoko 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYGlutathione (GSH) functions as a major sulfur repository and hence occupies an important position in primary sulfur metabolism. GSH degradation results in sulfur reallocation and is believed to be carried out mainly by γ‐glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCT2;1, GGCT2;2, and GGCT2;3), which, however, do not fully explain the rapid GSH turnover. Here, we discovered that γ‐glutamyl peptidase 1 (GGP1) contributes to GSH degradation through a yeast complementation assay. Recombinant proteins of GGP1, as well as GGP3, showed high degradation activity of GSH, but not of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), in vitro. Notably, the GGP1 transcripts were highly abundant in rosette leaves, in agreement with the ggp1 mutants constantly accumulating more GSH regardless of nutritional conditions. Given the lower energy requirements of the GGP‐ than the GGCT‐mediated pathway, the GGP‐mediated pathway could be a more efficient route for GSH degradation than the GGCT‐mediated pathway. Therefore, we propose a model wherein cytosolic GSH is degraded chiefly by GGP1 and likely also by GGP3. Another noteworthy fact is that GGPs are known to process GSH conjugates in glucosinolate and camalexin synthesis; indeed, we confirmed that the ggp1 mutant contained higher levels of O‐acetyl‐l‐Ser, a signaling molecule for sulfur starvation, and lower levels of glucosinolates and their degradation products. The predicted structure of GGP1 further provided a rationale for this hypothesis. In conclusion, we suggest that GGP1 and possibly GGP3 play vital roles in both primary and secondary sulfur metabolism.
Thin-Film Evaporation in a Mesh Screen Wick
Authors: Remella Karthik S. , Gerner Frank M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Porous capillary wick structures are being employed in two-phase thermal management devices owing to their pumping capabilities and thermal performance enhancement during evaporation of the working fluid. Thin-film evaporation in a porous wick depends primarily on the shape of the liquid–vapor meniscus, especially near the wall. The primary objective of this paper is to study and investigate the thin-film evaporation of the liquid in a unit cell representation (UCR) of a single layer of a metallic wire mesh screen. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, which is an interface-capturing technique in multiphase flow modeling, is employed to obtain the steady-state meniscus shape under equilibrium conditions. This paper demonstrates the impact of the equilibrium contact angle (θ) and the initial meniscus height (H) on the steady-state interfacial pressure difference. It outlines a detailed process for estimating 3D interfacial surfaces, obtained from the VOF solution, to generate the final geometry for the thin-film evaporation analysis. A static meniscus heat-transfer model is subsequently solved using the commercial finite volume code, ansysfluent, to obtain the temperature and flow characteristics during evaporation. The relationship of parameters such as the average evaporation mass fluxes and heat transfer coefficients are estimated and presented in this paper. Finally, the relationship between the pressure drop across the liquid–vapor meniscus and the thin-film evaporation rate for screen mesh wicks is discussed.
Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Orangi Stacey , Ojal John , Brand Samuel PC , Orlendo Cameline , Kairu Angela , Aziza Rabia , Ogero Morris , Agweyu Ambrose , Warimwe George M , Uyoga Sophie , Otieno Edward , Ochola-Oyier Lynette I , Agoti Charles N , Kasera Kadondi , Amoth Patrick , Mwangangi Mercy , Aman Rashid , Ng'ang'a Wangari , Adetifa Ifedayo MO , Scott J Anthony G , Bejon Philip , Keeling Matt J , Flasche Stefan , Nokes D James , Barasa Edwine 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundA few studies have assessed the epidemiological impact and the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in settings where most of the population had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsWe conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya from a societal perspective over a 1.5-year time frame. An age-structured transmission model assumed at least 80% of the population to have prior natural immunity when an immune escape variant was introduced. We examine the effect of slow (18 months) or rapid (6 months) vaccine roll-out with vaccine coverage of 30%, 50% or 70% of the adult (>18 years) population prioritising roll-out in those over 50-years (80% uptake in all scenarios). Cost data were obtained from primary analyses. We assumed vaccine procurement at US$7 per dose and vaccine delivery costs of US$3.90–US$6.11 per dose. The cost-effectiveness threshold was US$919.11.FindingsSlow roll-out at 30% coverage largely targets those over 50 years and resulted in 54% fewer deaths (8132 (7914–8373)) than no vaccination and was cost saving (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=US$−1343 (US$−1345 to US$−1341) per disability-adjusted life-year, DALY averted). Increasing coverage to 50% and 70%, further reduced deaths by 12% (810 (757–872) and 5% (282 (251–317) but was not cost-effective, using Kenya’s cost-effectiveness threshold (US$919.11). Rapid roll-out with 30% coverage averted 63% more deaths and was more cost-saving (ICER=US$−1607 (US$−1609 to US$−1604) per DALY averted) compared with slow roll-out at the same coverage level, but 50% and 70% coverage scenarios were not cost-effective.InterpretationWith prior exposure partially protecting much of the Kenyan population, vaccination of young adults may no longer be cost-effective.