bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ with asplenia and doctors’ experiences in implementing preventative measures following a novel educational intervention: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Anka Natascha , Glattacker Manuela , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Camp Johannes , Rieg Siegbert , Bayrhuber Marianne 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo explore patients’ with asplenia and general practitioners’ (GPs) (1) perceptions of a novel,Health Action Process Approach(HAPA)-based, educational intervention which targets to increase adherence to post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS) prevention measures and (2) their experience in implementing prevention measures following this intervention.DesignA process evaluation conducted on average 3.5 (for patients) and 3.8 (for GPs) months after the intervention between January 2020 and April 2021 individually by means of semi-structured guideline-based telephone interviews. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.ParticipantsVolunteer subsample of N=25 patients with asplenia and N=8 GPs who received the intervention. Inclusion criteria were met by prior participation in the intervention (German-speaking, of full age and insured by the cooperating health insurance). Patient selection was done by purposeful selection aiming at maximum variability in terms of adherence to preventative measures prior to intervention participation. Participating GPs are a non-purposeful selected convenience sample. For reasons of data protection, no personal data was collected.ResultsThe intervention was positively evaluated and its personal relevancy for patients and for the GPs’ professional work became apparent. The intervention promoted risk awareness, intention to action, action planning and subsequently, improved adherence to preventative measures. Helpful factors for implementation among the patients were social support by relatives and GPs. Barriers to adherence identified in both groups can be divided into patient-attributed (eg, comorbidities), doctor-related (eg, lack of knowledge or support) as well as contextual factors (eg, vaccine supply constraints).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a patient and GP perceived benefit of the intervention, but still identify prevailing barriers to implementation. In a further step, a quantitative evaluation of the intervention will be conducted and recommendations for integrating the intervention in usual care will be made.Trial registration numberDRKS00015238.
Use of community engagement interventions to improve child immunisation in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jain Monica , Shisler Shannon , Lane Charlotte , Bagai Avantika , Brown Elizabeth , Engelbert Mark 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo support evidence informed decision-making, we systematically examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community engagement interventions on routine childhood immunisation outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identify contextual, design and implementation features associated with effectiveness.DesignMixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources21 databases of academic and grey literature and 12 additional websites were searched in May 2019 and May 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included experimental and quasi-experimental impact evaluations of community engagement interventions considering outcomes related to routine child immunisation in LMICs. No language, publication type, or date restrictions were imposed.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent researchers extracted summary data from published reports and appraised quantitative risk of bias using adapted Cochrane tools. Random effects meta-analysis was used to examine effects on the primary outcome, full immunisation coverage.ResultsOur search identified over 43 000 studies and 61 were eligible for analysis. The average pooled effect of community engagement interventions on full immunisation coverage was standardised mean difference 0.14 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.23, I2=94.46). The most common source of risk to the quality of evidence (risk of bias) was outcome reporting bias: most studies used caregiver-reported measures of vaccinations received by a child in the absence or incompleteness of immunisation cards. Reasons consistently cited for intervention success include appropriate intervention design, including building in community engagement features; addressing common contextual barriers of immunisation and leveraging facilitators; and accounting for existing implementation constraints. The median intervention cost per treated child per vaccine dose (excluding the cost of vaccines) to increase absolute immunisation coverage by one percent was US$3.68.ConclusionCommunity engagement interventions are successful in improving outcomes related to routine child immunisation. The findings are robust to exclusion of studies assessed as high risk of bias.
Incidence and predictors of mortality among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Demant Daniel , Burrowes Sahai , Frawley Jane 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality in adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia’s Amhara Region.DesignWe conducted an institution-based retrospective follow-up study.SettingsThe study was conducted at Amhara Region’s comprehensive specialised hospitals in Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe included 961 randomly selected medical records of adolescents receiving ART between January 2005 and June 2020.Primary and secondary outcomesThe incidence of mortality since ART treatment initiation served as the primary outcome, and predictors of mortality served as secondary outcomes. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the relationship between mortality and its predictors. Variables with p values<0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant mortality predictors. Adjusted HR (aHR) with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association.ResultsMore than half (n=496, 53.5%) of the adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) were girls. The adolescent mortality rate was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.53) per 100 person-years throughout the follow-up period of 81 583 adolescent months. Mortality was higher for ALHIV who had not received formal education (aHR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.36 to 7.87), had widowed parents (aHR: 1.85, CI: 95% 1.01 to 3.56) or received no social support (aHR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.69 to 4.67). Adolescents who had opportunistic infections (OIs) at ART initiation (aHR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.19 to 3.14), low haemoglobin (Hgb/g/l) levels (aHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.18), a bedridden functional status (aHR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.64 to 5.72), stage IV clinical staging (aHR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.46 to 6.30), non-disclosing status (aHR: 2.24, 95% CI:1.36 to 3.69) and CD4 count 200–350 cells/mm3(aHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.18) also had a higher risk of death. Not receiving cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (aHR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.22) and poor adherence to ART (aHR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.95), compared with adherent, was associated with higher mortality risk. Changed treatment regimens were associated with lower mortality (aHR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.98).ConclusionsOur study found a lower mortality rate for adolescents with HIV than previous Ethiopian studies, but our significant mortality predictors were similar to those found in earlier studies of adults and adolescents. Our findings reveal a potential point for health service improvement in Ethiopia: incorporating monitoring of Hgb levels into patient follow-up care, supporting recommendations that clinicians emphasise managing OIs and providing counselling services to improve adherence.
Generation of vortex particles via generalized measurements
Authors: Karlovets D. V. , Baturin S. S. , Geloni G. , Sizykh G. K. , Serbo V. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe hard X-ray twisted photons and relativistic massive particles with orbital angular momentum – vortex electrons, muons, protons, etc. – have many potential applications in high-energy and nuclear physics. However, such states can be obtained so far mainly via diffraction techniques, not applicable for relativistic energies. Here we show that the vortex states of different particles, including hadrons, ions, and nuclei, can be generated in a large class of processes with two final particles simply by altering a postselection protocol. Thanks to entanglement and to the uncertainty relations, an evolved state of a final particle becomes twisted if the momentum azimuthal angle of the other particle is measured with a large uncertainty. We give several examples, including Cherenkov and undulator radiation, particle collisions with intense laser beams, $$e\mu \rightarrow e\mu , ep \rightarrow ep$$

e
μ
→
e
μ
,
e
p
→
e
p

. This technique can be adapted for ultrarelativistic lepton and hadron beams of linear colliders, and it can also facilitate the development of sources of X-ray and $$\gamma $$
γ
-range twisted photons at storage rings and free-electron lasers.
On the mathematical theory of behavioral swarms emerging collective dynamics
Authors: Bellomo N. , Ha S.-Y. , Outada N. , Yoon J. 
Published: November 2022

This paper considers a system consisting of a number of interacting living entities whose state at the microscopic scale is heterogeneously distributed among the said entities. This state includes, in addition, the classical mechanical variables, such as position and velocity, also a behavioral variable which is modified by interactions. It is shown how the pioneering ideas proposed in Bellomo et al. [Towards a mathematical theory of behavioral swarms, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var. 26 (2020) 125] can be developed towards modeling behavioral swarms within a quest towards a mathematical theory of living systems. The first part of the paper presents a qualitative analysis of the emerging behaviors predicted by the model in aforementioned work. Some simulations follow to depict the said emerging behaviors. The last part of the paper is devoted to derive a new, more general theory in view of applications to model living systems.
The Behavioral TOPSIS Based on Prospect Theory and Regret Theory
Authors: Liu Xinwang , Yang Yuyao , Jiang Jing 
Published: November 2022

Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a famous technique for solving multicriteria decision-making problems. However, the classical TOPSIS is invalid to distinguish the alternatives when the distances to the PIS and NIS are the same, and the current researchers about TOPSIS seldom consider the psychological characteristics of loss aversion and regret aversion which affect the decision quality in real world. This paper proposes a behavioral TOPSIS with prospect theory and regret theory considering risk attitudes. First, the defect of classical TOPSIS is illustrated as motivation. Next, we introduce a behavioral TOPSIS with prospect theory and show how it overcomes the defect of classical TOPSIS. Then, regret theory is applied to extend behavioral TOPSIS to show the regret attitude. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the feasibility and comparative analysis is presented to show the novelty and validity of the proposed method.
Infrared spectroscopy and chemometric modelling of organic carbon measured by Rock-Eval pyrolysis of UK shale rock
Authors: Beriro Darren J. , Vane Christopher H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Shale rock core from the Bowland Shale Formation, UK, was analysed in the laboratory using Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These methods are used to characterize the organic constituents of soil and rock. This research is a proof-of-concept study to investigate whether regression models developed using FTIR and Rock-Eval data for the same length of core can be used to estimate selected Rock-Eval parameters. The accuracy of the regression models was assessed using statistical methods, the results of which were used to choose preferred models for each Rock-Eval parameter. The models produced were shown to have an acceptable level of uncertainty for total organic carbon and S1, S2 and S3 outputs, which led us to conclude that these are potentially suitable for estimating unknown down-core Rock-Eval parameter values. Conversely, the model for the temperature of the maximum rate of hydrocarbon generation (
T
max
) had higher variability in the cross-validation data above the acceptable level of uncertainty, which could lead to erroneous estimates. Down-core interpolations of selected Rock-Eval parameters could be practically achieved by modelling FTIR data by maintaining standard sample frequencies for Rock-Eval while supplementing with higher frequencies for FTIR and chemometric analysis.
Federated Learning Optimization Algorithm for Automatic Weight Optimal
Authors: Yu Xi , Li Li , He Xin , Chen Shengbo , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2022

Federated learning (FL), a distributed machine-learning framework, is poised to effectively protect data privacy and security, and it also has been widely applied in variety of fields in recent years. However, the system heterogeneity and statistical heterogeneity of FL pose serious obstacles to the global model’s quality. This study investigates server and client resource allocation in the context of FL system resource efficiency and offers the FedAwo optimization algorithm. This approach combines adaptive learning with federated learning, and makes full use of the computing resources of the server to calculate the optimal weight value corresponding to each client. This approach aggregated the global model according to the optimal weight value, which significantly minimizes the detrimental effects of statistical and system heterogeneity. In the process of traditional FL, we found that a large number of client trainings converge earlier than the specified epoch. However, according to the provisions of traditional FL, the client still needs to be trained for the specified epoch, which leads to the meaningless of a large number of calculations in the client. To further lower the training cost, the augmentation FedAwo

∗

algorithm is proposed. The FedAwo

∗

algorithm takes into account the heterogeneity of clients and sets the criteria for local convergence. When the local model of the client reaches the criteria, it will be returned to the server immediately. In this way, the epoch of the client can dynamically be modified adaptively. A large number of experiments based on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST public datasets reveal that the global model converges faster and has higher accuracy in FedAwo and FedAwo

∗

algorithms than FedAvg, FedProx, and FedAdp baseline algorithms.
Genetic Ancestry Inference from Cancer-Derived Molecular Data across Genomic and Transcriptomic Platforms
Authors: Belleau Pascal , Deschênes Astrid , Chambwe Nyasha , Tuveson David A. , Krasnitz Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Genetic ancestry–oriented cancer research requires the ability to perform accurate and robust genetic ancestry inference from existing cancer-derived data, including whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and targeted gene panels, very often in the absence of matching cancer-free genomic data. Here we examined the feasibility and accuracy of computational inference of genetic ancestry relying exclusively on cancer-derived data. A data synthesis framework was developed to optimize and assess the performance of the ancestry inference for any given input cancer-derived molecular profile. In its core procedure, the ancestral background of the profiled patient is replaced with one of any number of individuals with known ancestry. The data synthesis framework is applicable to multiple profiling platforms, making it possible to assess the performance of inference specifically for a given molecular profile and separately for each continental-level ancestry; this ability extends to all ancestries, including those without statistically sufficient representation in the existing cancer data. The inference procedure was demonstrated to be accurate and robust in a wide range of sequencing depths. Testing of the approach in four representative cancer types and across three molecular profiling modalities showed that continental-level ancestry of patients can be inferred with high accuracy, as quantified by its agreement with the gold standard of deriving ancestry from matching cancer-free molecular data. This study demonstrates that vast amounts of existing cancer-derived molecular data are potentially amenable to ancestry-oriented studies of the disease without requiring matching cancer-free genomes or patient self-reported ancestry.

Significance:
The development of a computational approach that enables accurate and robust ancestry inference from cancer-derived molecular profiles without matching cancer-free data provides a valuable methodology for genetic ancestry–oriented cancer research.
The Effect of a Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor on Neurovascular Regulation in Humans
Authors: O’Gallagher Kevin , Rosentreter Ryan E. , Elaine Soriano Jan , Roomi Ali , Saleem Saqib , Lam Tyler , Roy Roman , Gordon Grant R. , Raj Satish R. , Chowienczyk Philip J. , Shah Ajay M. , Phillips Aaron A. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is a key process in cerebral blood flow regulation. NVC ensures adequate brain perfusion to changes in local metabolic demands. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is suspected to be involved in NVC; however, this has not been tested in humans. Our objective was to investigate the effects of nNOS inhibition on NVC in humans.

Methods:
We performed a 3-visit partially randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 12 healthy subjects. On each visit, subjects received an intravenous infusion of either S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (a selective nNOS-inhibitor), 0.9% saline (placebo control), or phenylephrine (pressor control). The NVC assessment involved eliciting posterior circulation hyperemia through visual stimulation while measuring posterior and middle cerebral arteries blood velocity.

Results:

nNOS inhibition blunted the rapidity of the NVC response versus pressor control, evidenced by a reduced initial rise in mean posterior cerebral artery velocity (−3.3% [−6.5, −0.01],
P
=0.049), and a reduced rate of increase (ie, acceleration) in posterior cerebral artery velocity (slope reduced −4.3% [−8.5, −0.1],
P
=0.045). The overall magnitude of posterior cerebral artery response relative to placebo control or pressor control was not affected. Changes in BP parameters were well-matched between the S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline and pressor control arms.

Conclusions:
Neuronal NOS plays a role in dynamic cerebral blood flow control in healthy adults, particularly the rapidity of the NVC response to visual stimulation. This work opens the way to further investigation of the role of nNOS in conditions of impaired NVC, potentially revealing a therapeutic target.
Sophist, Emperor and sophrosyne
Authors: Doyle Lisa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the significance of the Greek value of sophrosyne as a rhetorical topos through the lens of Libanius’ work, demonstrating that the theme of moderation was indeed a prime concern of the orator. I consider a notable instance (Oration 16, To the Antiochenes: On the Emperor’s Anger) in which Libanius’ engagement with this theme goes beyond the usual commonplaces of rhetoric. My intention is to offer another perspective on the renowned altercation between Emperor Julian and the city of Antioch. I argue that, as Julian understands the tensions between himself and Antioch in terms of sophrosyne, so Libanius responds by endowing the rhetorical trope of moderation with greater significance in Oration 16, presenting this value as the solution to the Antiochenes’ predicament.
The Catalogus geometrarum from the Corpus Agrimensorum
Authors: Marshall Richard M.A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Catalogus geometrarum from the Corpus Agrimensorum, an early witness to the Aratean commentary tradition, names an author with mathematical interests as Euclid the Sicilian. If this individual is identical with Euclid the geometer, then we are able to move beyond the traditional biographies of Euclid, which rest on the problematic evidence of Proclus and Pappus, and consider an ancient case of mistaken identity which suggests that Euclid may even have been a Geloian by birth. This new identification raises questions about the status of Doric as a scientific language, and Alexandria’s role as a haven for those dislocated by war or civil strife, not merely as a magnet for scientific talent.
What Good Work Has Anthemion Done? Aelian’s Fourth Rustic Epistle
Authors: Berrens Dominik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The fourth letter is the shortest and arguably the least studied of Aelian’s 20 Rustic Epistles. A closer examination of this letter reveals, however, that it has some interesting aspects in terms of both language and content. In Ep. 4, Aelian presents himself as a capable Atticist author who has specialist vocabulary at his command. Furthermore, this article argues that Ep. 4 should be read together with the following letter and thus tells in nuce the story of how and why Anthemion took Baeton’s bees.
Some Notes on the Text of Seneca’s Phoenician Women
Authors: Słomak Iwona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article aims to revise previous findings concerning selected passages of Seneca’s Phoenician Women (374-375; 610-613; 184-187; 314-315; 437-439; 631-632). In each of them, the unanimous reading of the MSS was replaced by conjectures which are now almost universally accepted by reputable editors and commentators. To justify these emendations, it was argued that the MS phrase did not make sense or was grammatically or stylistically incorrect; sometimes, the text was modified on the assumption that the author had imitated another poet when working on a particular line. In this paper, the passages are analysed in the light of Seneca’s other statements and against the broader background of ancient literary tradition. The results show that the conjectures are based on unconfirmed assumptions or flawed premises and thus should be rejected in favour of the MS reading.
The Apologetics of Mystery: The Traditio apostolica and Appeals to Pythagorean Initiation in Josephus and Iamblichus
Authors: Fogleman Alex 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While the Traditio apostolica ascribed to Hippolytus has primarily been the focus of studies about authorship and dating, this unique work also has much to suggest about rhetorical presentations of catechesis in the early Christian era. Comparing the TA to Josephus’s account of the Essenes in the Judean War and Iamblichus’s account of Pythagorean initiation in De vita Pythagorica, this essay argues that the TA’s presentation of catechesis can be read as constitutive of a quasi-apologetic defense of the Hippolytan “school” during the transitional period from school Christianity to monepiscopacy during the second century. Deploying similar Pythagorean imagery to describe the process of initiation, the author/editor of the TA makes a case for the Hippolytan school as offering a true philosophical way of life.
How Temporality Shapes Social Structure in the Acts of Thomas
Authors: Dell’Isola Maria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present paper attempts to discuss the image of women in the Acts of Thomas against the wider theoretical background of temporality as it was perceived and construed through the text. More specifically, I will focus on how notions of time that emerged in the early centuries of the Christian era proved to be a key factor in shaping women’s agency as this is reflected in the apocryphal Acts. The nexus between time and the construction of the feminine in the Acts of Thomas emerges as being particularly interesting because it sheds light on many relevant questions in early Christianity, such as chastity, asceticism, reconfiguration of family ties, social norms, and roles.