bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile‐Strained RuO2 Loaded on Antimony‐Tin Oxide by Fast Quenching for Proton‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Huang Bing , Xu Hengyue , Jiang Nannan , Wang Minghao , Huang Jianren , Guan Lunhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFuture energy demands for green hydrogen have fueled intensive research on proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and highly corrosive environment on the anode side narrow the catalysts to be expensive Ir‐based materials. It is very challenging to develop cheap and effective OER catalysts. Herein, Co‐hexamethylenetetramine metal–organic framework (Co‐HMT) as the precursor and a fast‐quenching method is employed to synthesize RuO2 nanorods loaded on antimony‐tin oxide (ATO). Physical characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that the ATO can increase the electrochemical surface areas of the catalysts, while the tensile strains incorporated by quenching can alter the electronic state of RuO2. The optimized catalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER, and keeps almost unchanged after 150 h chronopotentiometry. When applied in a real PEMWE assembly, only 1.51 V is needed for the catalyst to reach a current density of 1 A cm−2.
Nanosheet‐templated graphene oxide membranes for fast molecule separation
Authors: Lin Zhen , Hu Chuan , Liu Qinglin , Zhang Qiugen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntercalated laminar membrane with controllable interlayer spacing (d‐spacing) is one of the most effective membranes for fast molecule separation. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile strategy to create nanosheet‐templated water channels in laminar graphene oxide (GO) membranes. The 1.2 nm‐thick nickel hydroxide nanosheets as sacrificed intercalators provide a chance to control the d‐spacing. The resultant membranes have controllable channels and exhibit over six times higher water permeance than the unintercalated membrane. The 880 nm‐thick nanosheet‐templated GO (NST‐GO) membrane has accurate d‐spacing of about 1.14 nm and shows high water permeance of 120.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and good molecule separation property, reflecting in high rejection for larger dyes (90.1% for erythrosine B [EB]), while low rejection for smaller dyes (58.3% for methylene blue [MB]). Furthermore, this strategy of intercalating and sacrificing nanosheets has higher potential than traditional intercalation in controlling d‐spacing of laminar membranes.
Experimental validation of multiphysics model simulations of the thermal response of a cement clinker rotary kiln at laboratory scale
Authors: Tabares Juan David , McGinley William M. , Druffel Thad L. , Bhagwat Bhagyashri Aditya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn increasing demand for buildings, transportation systems and civil infrastructure development has driven expansion of cement consumption world‐wide, producing a significant increase in related global energy demand. With approximately 7% of the world‐wide industrial energy consumption (10.7 exajoules [EJ]), the cement industry is the third most energy intensive industrial processes and a key component for concrete, the most consumed composite material in the global construction industry. In cement manufacturing, the cement kiln accounts for most of the energy consumption in the production process. As the heart of a cement plant, the cement kiln is where the kiln feed primarily containing calcium oxide (CaO), silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron (Fe2O3) are thermally and chemically transformed into clinker minerals. The presented work developed a multiphysics model, designed and built a laboratory‐scale rotary cement clinker kiln, and produced cement clinker at laboratory‐scale. The model was developed to study the interaction between the various thermal, fluid dynamic and chemical interactions involved in the sintering process used to form Portland cement clinker in an effort to reduce energy use. The analytical model was validated through experimental testing using a unique laboratory‐scale rotary cement kiln developed during the investigation. Also demonstrated was the feasibility of producing clinker at laboratory scale. This modeling and lab scale tests were designed to better understand the clinker sintering process so that operational and quality decisions can be made to optimize energy consumption without compromising cement clinker quality. The computational fluid dynamics modeling was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The characteristics of the combustion fluid flow, concentration of species, temperature and heat transfer were studied for a turbulent flow of methane (CH4) gas and oxygen (O2). Theory suggests that heat transfer impacts the cement production process but the multiphysics model more accurately describes the convection, conduction, and radiant heat transfer in the kilning process and thus allows for a better understanding of the energy exchange driving the chemical reactions that produce Portland cement. Clinker minerals were formed because of appropriate burning conditions implemented during experimental model validation.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and calbindin expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons following capsaicin treatment
Authors: Porseva Valentina V. , Preobrazhensky Nikita D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlong with well‐known data on the neurochemical mechanisms of nociceptor activation, there are still no clear data regarding changes in the cellular composition and morphological characteristics of spinal preganglionic neurons (SPN) after capsaicin treatment. The mechanism of capsaicin toxicity differs in developing and mature nerve cells. This study aimed to determine the number of SPN in the autonomic nuclei on spinal cord (SC) sections and their cross‐sectional area, the localization, percentage, and profile area of SPN containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calbindin (CB) in the thoracic SC of rats of different ages (from birth to 1‐year‐old) after capsaicin treatment. Neonatal capsaicin treatment generally decreased the cross‐sectional area of the SPN pericarya. However, the cross‐sectional area of the CB‐immunoreactive (IR) SPN increased in the central autonomic area in rats aged 10–30 days old after capsaicin treatment. The number of SPN decreased only in the central autonomic area of rats aged <20 days. The proportion of nNOS‐IR neurons remained steady and did not change during development. The cross‐sectional area of nNOS‐IR SPN in capsaicin‐treated rats was less than that in control rats. The results obtained will promote further studies on the mechanisms of sensory processing in the SC and the development of the sympathetic nervous system.
Long‐term changes in spatially coherent extreme precipitation systems over Central India
Authors: Gupta Anu , Takahashi Hiroshi G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study examined extreme rainfall events (EREs) in central India during the summer monsoon season, focusing on their spatial characteristics. A station‐based gridded and a station‐satellite‐blended dataset was used to examine long‐term and recent variations in precipitation characteristics for 50 years (1951–2000) and 38 years (1981–2018), respectively. A precipitation system approach (PSA) was applied to identify the ERE precipitation systems and categorized spatial sizes of ERE systems into three categories: sporadic, intermediate, and massive ERE precipitation systems. Conventionally, the ERE frequency is equal to the total number of ERE grids, whereas PSA counts ERE systems. The sporadic precipitation grid contributes 42% of all the ERE grids, and sporadic EREs frequency increases in the long‐term. The long‐term trend of intermediate and massive EREs does not increase and quite sharply increases, respectively, and these EREs are also intensifying. Recent 38 years have shown a reverse in the trends of ERE characteristics, the frequency and intensity of intermediate and massive EREs have decreased, whereas the massive ERE systems are broadening.
Low‐dose aspirin use and colorectal cancer survival in 32,195 patients—A national cohort study
Authors: Shahrivar Mehrnoosh , Weibull Caroline E. , Ekström Smedby Karin , Glimelius Bengt , Syk Ingvar , Matthiessen Peter , Nordenvall Caroline , Martling Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundResults from previous studies indicate that use of aspirin may improve colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. The aim of this study was to assess whether use of aspirin influences overall survival or CRC‐specific survival in an unselected cohort of patients diagnosed with CRC.MethodsThe study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden (CRCBaSe), a mega‐linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register, with additional linkages to other national health care registers. All patients diagnosed with primary CRC stage I–III treated with curative surgery, aged 18–85 years at diagnosis, from 2007 through 2016 were identified. Information on low‐dose aspirin use was extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Exposure was defined as dispensed prescription for at least 6 months. Aspirin exposure was analyzed at the time of surgery (yes/no) and as a time‐varying exposure during follow‐up. Follow‐up was restricted to a maximum 6 years, to model 5‐year survival. Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were performed for sex, age, year of diagnosis, Charlson comorbidity index, hypertension, and ASA score as potential confounders.ResultsA total of 32,195 patients diagnosed with CRC were included. 6764 (21%) were exposed to aspirin at the time of CRC surgery. The median time of follow‐up was 4.2 years. Aspirin use at the time of surgery was not associated with all‐cause (adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97–1.08) nor CRC‐specific mortality (adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91–1.07). Aspirin use during follow‐up was associated with increased all‐cause (adjusted HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15) but not CRC‐specific mortality (adjusted HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91–1.06). A CRC‐specific effect associated with aspirin was noted from approximately 3 years following surgery.ConclusionsIn this large nation‐wide cohort study there was no convincing association between aspirin use after CRC and OS or CRC‐specific survival.
Guided protocol for indirect fabrication of a custom provisional restoration prior to immediate implant surgery in the esthetic zone
Authors: Vargas Sarah M. , Dimalanta Walter G. , Johnson Thomas M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelivery of a high‐quality provisional restoration at a maxillary anterior immediate implant site enhances patient‐centered outcomes and promotes development of favorable hard and soft tissue architecture. The purpose of this report is to present a protocol relying upon compatible guided surgery and laboratory systems for fabrication of a custom provisional crown prior to immediate implant surgery in the esthetic zone.Methods and ResultsA female patient, aged 33 years, presented to the Army Postgraduate Dental School, Fort Gordon, Georgia, with an unfavorable prognosis for tooth #9. The patient elected extraction with immediate implant placement. Prior to the surgery, we utilized a cone‐beam computed tomography volume, stone models, implant planning software, and an implant indexing system to fabricate a custom provisional crown. Following extraction of tooth #9 and immediate implant placement, the provisional crown exhibited excellent fit and finish, requiring virtually no chairside adjustment. We noted minimal change in baseline mucosal contours throughout the healing phase.ConclusionThe clinical/restorative protocol described in this report assured accurate three‐dimensional implant positioning and permitted indirect fabrication of a high‐quality custom provisional crown in advance of surgery. The laboratory workflow—which dental technicians/auxiliaries can master—has the potential to shorten surgery, enhance treatment outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?

This report provides a stepwise workflow guiding indirect fabrication of a custom provisional crown prior to immediate implant placement.
What are the keys to successful management of this case?

The described technique requires compatible laboratory and guided surgery systems to assure that the restoration accounts for the three‐dimensional position and timing of the implant.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Dental technicians/auxiliaries can master this protocol and independently produce high‐quality provisional implant restorations under supervision, potentially enhancing practice efficiency. However, practitioners should provide adequate staff training to optimize reliability and quality.
Insulin resistance and beta‐cell dysfunction in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Expression, aggregation and predominance. Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study 10
Authors: Bonora Enzo , Trombetta Maddalena , Dauriz Marco , Brangani Corinna , Cacciatori Vittorio , Negri Carlo , Pichiri Isabella , Stoico Vincenzo , Rinaldi Elisabetta , Da Prato Giuliana , Boselli Maria Linda , Santi Lorenza , Moschetta Federica , Zardini Monica , Bonadonna Riccardo C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsWe investigated quantitative expression, mutual aggregation and relation with hyperglycemia of insulin resistance (IR) and beta‐cell dysfunction (BCD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe assessed IR with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and BCD with modelled glucose/C‐peptide response to oral glucose in 729 mostly drug‐naïve patients. We measured glycated hemoglobin, pre‐prandial, post‐prandial and meal‐related excursion of blood glucose.ResultsIR was found in 87.8% [95% confidence intervals 85.4–90.2] and BCD in 90.0% [87.8–92.2] of subjects, ranging from mild to moderate or severe. Approximately 20% of subjects had solely one defect: BCD 10.8% [8.6–13.1] or IR 8.6% [6.6–10.7]. Insulin resistance and BCD aggregated in most subjects (79.1% [76.2–82.1]). We arbitrarily set nine possible combinations of mild, moderate or severe IR and mild, moderate or severe BCD, finding that each had a similar frequency (∼10%). In multiple regression analyses parameters of glucose control were related more strongly with BCD than with IR.ConclusionsIn newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes, IR and BCD are very common with a wide range of expression but no specific pattern of aggregation. Beta‐cell dysfunction is likely to play a greater quantitative role than IR in causing/sustaining hyperglycemia in newly‐diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
A new approach based on moving least square method for calculating the Weibull coefficients
Authors: Kaplan Ayse Gul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the graphical method, which is widely used to find the coefficients of the Weibull distribution function (WDF), has been improved by using the moving least squares approximation (MLSA) replace least squares method (LSM). The accuracy of the results obtained by the moving least squares method is shown by two different error analysis tests. In order to implement this method, Osmaniye region, which is rich in wind potential maintenance, has been selected. The root mean square error (RMSE) and mean percentage error (MPE) are used to compare the efficiency of proposed method. In this study, the results of the graphical method developed by the MLSA were compared monthly and yearly with the results obtained according to the least squares method. It was observed that the results of the proposed method in the two error analysis tests were much better. Also, the mean wind speed and average wind power values of the selected region were calculated with the coefficients found by MLSA. These calculated values were compared with actual values.
A network analysis in adolescent anorexia nervosa exploring the connection between both patient and carer reactions and outcome
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco , Salerno Laura , Schmidt Ulrike , Micali Nadia , Cardi Valentina , Treasure Janet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis paper used network analysis to test the associations between eating disorder‐related psychopathology and carers’ responses to anorexia nervosa symptoms in adolescents. Additionally, the prognostic value of central and bridge network nodes was explored.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of a three‐armed randomised‐controlled‐trial of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (n = 149) and their primary carer (n = 149) who were allocated to either treatment as usual (TAU), or one of two versions of a carer skills intervention (ECHO) added to TAU. A network analysis was run in the full sample. The prognostic role of central and bridge nodes was tested through multiple regression analyses.ResultsCarers’ depression and emotional over‐involvement, as well as patients' depression showed the highest strength centrality. Patients' depression and carers’ accommodation exhibited the highest bridge expected influence. Across the full sample, and in the ECHO group, carers’ accommodation predicted patients' higher body mass index (BMI), while patients' depression predicted worse psychosocial functioning at 1‐year follow‐up. In the ECHO group, higher carers’ depression also predicted lower BMI.ConclusionsCarers’ accommodation and depression in both carers and patients were involved in the maintenance of psychopathology in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Depression in both patients and carers is a potential treatment target for family interventions.
Experimental study on the evolution law of mining‐induced fractures and deformation rock mass structure of gently inclined layered slope
Authors: Qingmiao Li , Jianjun Zhao , Jianle Yu , Lin Chen , Qiyi Lai , Jie Deng , Jianhui Dong , Yaoqiang Zhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLandslide induced by underground mining is the main type of geological disaster in Guizhou Province. The spatial position of the mined‐out area is the key factor affecting the deformation evolution of mining landslides. Three typical mining‐induced slopes in western Guizhou Province are selected to establish the engineering geological model. The orthogonal experimental design is carried out with the position of the mined‐out area relative to the slope shoulder (PM) and the slope height (SH) as variables, and the discrete element simulation test is carried out. The influence of the two variables on the evolution of overlying strata fractures and the structure of slope surface deformed rock mass is analyzed by gray relational method. The results show that under the effect of mining, the overlying strata rock on the mined‐out area gradually collapses and produces cracks through the surface. The force chain arch gradually develops from the lower part to the surface rock layer, and the slope surface rock layer is transformed from a cantilever beam embedded at one end to a multisegment articulated beam. Depending on the number of segments of the articulated beam structure, it can be divided into three categories, and the rock mass where the slope collapse occurs is mainly concentrated at the end of the multisegment articulated beam. The central subsidence of the subsidence basin, the length of the end of the articulated beam, the position of the fulcrum, and the rotation angle of the beam structure are the key indicators affecting the stability of the multisegment articulated beam. Gray relational analysis shows that PM is the primary factor to control the output of these indicators. The multiple linear regression model of gray relational degree between PM and SH was constructed, and the prediction formula of gray relational grade was obtained, which realized the multiobjective prediction of the overlying strata rock structure model under the same slope parameters. The results provide the theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of gently inclined layered mining slopes.
Spatio‐temporal assessment of greenhouse gas emission from rapeseed production in China by coupling nutrient flows model with LCA approach
Authors: Guo Chaoyi , Bai Zhaohai , Wang Xiaozhong , Zhang Wushuai , Chen Xuanjing , Lakshmanan Prakash , Ma Lin , Lu Jianwei , Liu Bin , Shi Xiaojun , Chen Xinping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production experienced a considerable increase during the past decades, and there is growing concern about how to realize the dual objectives of meeting the increasing demand for rapeseed and reducing the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most reported studies on crop‐sourced GHG emissions to date were aimed at optimizing crop management to reduce emission, but often without a detailed spatio‐temporal assessment of GHG emissions for layout management practices. Herein, we used a newly developed modelling approach that integrates the NUtrient Flows in food chains, Environment, and Resource use (NUFER) model with a dynamic reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss module for rapeseed and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to assess the GHG emissions from rapeseed production in China, where produces 18% of the world's rapeseed. Results showed that the GHG emissions from rapeseed production in China increased by 1.90% yearly from 2004 to 2018, largely due to increased inputs of agricultural materials, especially diesel. Further, carbon footprints of rapeseed production were found vary greatly between production regions, due to diverse climatic conditions, field management practices and the level of mechanization. Scenario analysis showed that adoption of both optimized nutrient and layout management practice is required to mitigate the current resource and environmental burdens, and to achieve edible oil security. Thus, our study provides new insights for policymakers on the formulation of management practices to reduce crop‐sourced GHG emissions, going along with an increase of food demand in the future.
Estimation of biomass and carbon sequestration capacity of the Surra mountain plantation forest in Gamo Highlands, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mada Genesha , Anjulo Agena , Gelaw Abren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was aimed at estimating the carbon sequestration potential of the Surra planted forest on Gughe massive of the Gamo highlands in Southern Ethiopia based on tree species type. The plantation was established on degrading pasture land in the mid‐1980s during the golden era of plantation forest expansion history in Ethiopia. The Surra plantation forest was stratified upon three tree species namely E. globulus, C. lusitanica, and P. radiata. The data were collected from 32 sample plots (20 E. globulus, 10 C.lusitanica, and 2 P. radiata plots, each having 10 m*10 m in size), and were laid at random at the inner part of the plantation. The Species‐specific allometric equations and the pan‐tropical allometric model were used to estimate the aboveground biomass and carbon stock of the forest. The average “tree height,” “diameter at breast height,” and “tree stand density” per hectare were the highest for C. lusitanica and the lowest for E. globulus (except the wood density). The wood‐specific density/g/cm3 was the largest for E. globulus. The average carbon sequestered in C. lusitanica (53.9 ton/ha) was significantly larger than E. globulus (35.6 ton/ha) and P. radiata (43.8 ton/ha). The estimated average carbon stock/ha of eucalyptus was the lowest due to its low stand density caused by illegal encroachment for construction, energy, and cash income purposes. The total dry biomass and carbon sequestrated are determined by area proportion; hence, eucalyptus covered an extensive area accounting for slightly less than two‐thirds of the total Surra plantation forest followed by Cupressus. The mean carbon stock (40.3 ton/ha) of the Surra plantation is lower compared with many plantation forest stock values under better management. The findings revealed that the significant variation in carbon stock with other forests despite the similarities in age, climate, location, and aspect was the result of encroachment, illegal cutting, frequent grazing, and limited protection, and call for policy attention from the Ethiopian government.