bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO361: Erythropoietin Treatment in Acute Kidney Injury (EAKI): A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aoun Mabel , Sleilaty Ghassan , Boueri Celine , Younes Eliane , Gabriel Kim , Kahwaji Reine-Marie , Hilal Najla , Hawi Jenny , Araman Rita , Nehme Chelala Dania , Beaini Chadia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) is well established for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients but not well studied in acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aims to assess the transfusion need, renal recovery and all-cause mortality of AKI patients with anemia whether treated or not with EPO.

METHOD
This is a multicenter, randomized, pragmatic controlled clinical trial. It included 134 hospitalized patients with anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) &lt;11 g/dL] and AKI [serum creatinine (Scr) of 0.3 mg/dL in 48 h or 1.5 times baseline]. Patients with active bleeding were excluded. Patients received EPO 4000 UI every other day (n = 67) or standard of care (control; n = 67) during the hospitalization until discharge or death. The study got the approval of the ethics committee of Saint-Joseph University number CE-HDF1115.
The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03401710).

RESULTS
The general characteristics of both groups are summarized in Table 1. There was no statistically significant difference in transfusions, renal recovery or mortality between the treated group and the control (Table 2). A conditional regression analysis found phosphate, Hb on admission, CRP at the end of the hospitalization, the need for transfusions, the absence of renal recovery and inotrope use as factors associated with mortality (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.09–1.63; P = 0.004; OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.92; P = 0.018; OR = 1.014, 95% CI 1.005–1023; P = 0.003; OR = 4.48, 95% CI 1.53–13.07; P = 0.006; OR = 22.1, 95% CI 6.36–76.74; P &lt; 0.001; OR = 9.16, 95% CI 2.89–28.99; P &lt; 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION
EPO treatment in patients with AKI and anemia has no significant impact on transfusion need, renal recovery or death.
FC078: Impact of Removing Race from the CKD-EPI Equation: Analysis of 1.6 Million Swedish Adults
Authors: Fu Edouard , Coresh Josef , Grams Morgan , M. Clase Catherine , Elinder Carl-Gustaf , Paik Julie , Ramspek Chava , Inker Lesley , Levey Andrew , W. Dekker Friedo , Jesus Carrero Juan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) recently developed a novel creatinine-based eGFR equation without a race coefficient. While American nephrology societies recommend using this novel equation, its implications are unknown.

METHOD
We included 1.6 million adult individuals with routine outpatient serum creatinine testing during 2007–2018 in Stockholm, Sweden. First, we calculated reclassification across KDIGO eGFR categories when changing from the 2009 to 2021 CKD-EPI equation. Second, for both equations, the association between eGFR and (1) kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT), (2) all-cause mortality, (3) cardiovascular mortality and (4) major adverse cardiovascular events was estimated with Cox regression. Third, prognostic accuracy of both eGFR equations within the Kidney Failure Risk Equation was assessed with discrimination and calibration.

RESULTS
Compared with the 2009 equation, the 2021 equation yielded a higher eGFR by a median (IQR) of 3.9 (2.9–4.8) mL/min/1.73 m2, decreasing prevalence of CKD G3–G5 from 5.1 to 3.8%. The 2021 equation reclassified 9.9% of the total population and 36.2% of the CKD G3–G5 population to a less severe eGFR category. Individuals who were reclassified to less severe eGFR categories were older and therefore exhibited higher crude risks of all-cause/cardiovascular death and major adverse cardiovascular events, and lower risk of kidney replacement therapy compared with nonreclassified participants of similar eGFR. eGFR by both equations strongly predicted study outcomes, with similar discrimination and calibration for the Kidney Failure Risk Equation.

CONCLUSION
Implementing the 2021 CKD-EPI equation in predominantly white European populations raises eGFR by a modest amount (larger at older age and men) and shifts a major proportion of CKD patients to a higher eGFR category, with eGFR by both equations strongly predicting outcomes.
Kidney function at 3 months after acute kidney injury is an unreliable indicator of subsequent kidney dysfunction: the NARA-AKI Cohort Study
Authors: Nishimoto Masatoshi , Murashima Miho , Kokubu Maiko , Matsui Masaru , Eriguchi Masahiro , Samejima Ken-Ichi , Akai Yasuhiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between kidney function at 3 months after acute kidney injury (AKI) and kidney function prognosis has not been characterized.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adults who underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria included obstetric or urological surgery, missing data and preoperative dialysis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes in patients with and without AKI. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations of AKI with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and decline in eGFR ≥30%.ResultsAmong 5272 patients, 316 (6.0%) developed AKI. Among 1194 patients with follow-up creatinine values, eGFR was stable or increased in patients with and without AKI at 3 months postoperatively and declined thereafter. eGFR decline after 3 months postoperatively was faster among patients with AKI than among patients without AKI (P = .09). Among 938 patients without CKD—both at baseline and at 3 months postoperatively—226 and 161 developed incident CKD and a decline in eGFR ≥30%, respectively. Despite adjustment for eGFR at 3 months, AKI was associated with incident CKD {hazard ratio [HR] 1.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.84]} and a decline in eGFR ≥30% [HR 2.41 (95% CI 1.51–3.84)].ConclusionsAKI was associated with worse kidney outcomes, regardless of eGFR at 3 months after surgery. Creatinine-based eGFR values at 3 months after AKI might be affected by acute illness-induced loss of muscle mass. Kidney function might be more accurately evaluated much later after surgery or using cystatin C values.
Seroconversion rate after primary vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Verleye Arno , Wijtvliet Veerle , Abrams Steven , Hellemans Rachel , Bougrea Rania , Massart Annick , Pipeleers Lissa , Wissing Karl Martin , Ariën Kevin K , De Winter Benedicte Y , Van Damme Pierre , Abramowicz Daniel , Ledeganck Kristien J 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
In the general population, the seroconversion rate after primary vaccination with two doses of an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine reaches nearly 100%, with significantly higher antibody titers after mRNA-1273 vaccination compared to BNT162b2 vaccination. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the antibody response after two-dose mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library and original research papers were included for a meta-analysis to calculate vaccine-specific seroconversion rates for each of the mRNA vaccines. Next, the pooled relative seroconversion rate was estimated.

Results
Eight studies that described the development of antibodies against receptor-binding domain (RBD) and/or spike protein were eligible for meta-analysis. Two of these studies also reported antibody titers. The meta-analysis revealed lower seroconversion rates in SOT recipients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 {44.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.1–54.7]} as compared with patients vaccinated with two doses of mRNA-1273 [58.4% (95% CI 47.2–69.2)]. The relative seroconversion rate was 0.795 (95% CI 0.732–0.864).

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that in SOT recipients, higher seroconversion rates were observed after vaccination with mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2.
Brain tumor patients and COVID-19 vaccines: results of an international survey
Authors: Voisin Mathew R , Oliver Kathy , Farrimond Stuart , Chee Tess , O’Halloran Philip , Glas Martin ,   International Brain Tumour Alliance (IBTA) Senior Advisors, Arzbaecher Jean , Kruchko Carol , Maher Mary Ellen , Tse Chris , Cashman Rosemary , Daniels Maureen , Mungoshi Christine , Lamb Sharon , Granero Anita , Lovely Mary , Baker Jenifer , Payne Sally , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the advent of multiple approved vaccines has led to a milestone in the fight against the virus. While vaccination rates and side effects are well established in the general population, these are largely unknown in patients with brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine if brain tumor patients and their caregivers have received a COVID-19 vaccine, and explore their thoughts and opinions on these vaccines.

Methods
An anonymous 31-question online survey available in 8 languages was conducted from June 30, 2021 to August 31, 2021. The survey was open to adult brain tumor patients over the age of 18 and included both categorical and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics and modified thematic analyses were performed for all questions as appropriate.

Results
A total of 965 unique surveys were completed from 42 countries. The vast majority of both brain tumor patients and their caregivers have been vaccinated against COVID-19 (84.5% and 89.9%, respectively). No patient reported serious adverse events from any vaccine. Less than 10% of patients decided against receiving a vaccination against COVID-19, with the most common reason being concerns over the safety of the vaccine. Patients wanted more specific information on how COVID-19 vaccines might impact their future brain tumor treatment.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the majority of brain tumor patients and their caregivers have received COVID-19 vaccines with no major side effects. Patients want more information on how COVID-19 vaccines might directly impact their brain tumor and future management.
The Differential Impact of the 2000 Canadian Graphic Warning Label Policy on Smoking Prevalence by Sex and Education: A Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference Model
Authors: Usidame Bukola , Meng Gang , Thrasher James F , Thompson Mary E , Fong Geoffrey T , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionUsing a quasiexperimental design, we compared the impact of the 2000 Canadian introduction of graphic warning labels (GWLs) on differences in smoking prevalence by sex and education, to the United States, where no GWLs were introduced.MethodsWe pooled 1999–2004 data from the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey and the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used a difference-in-difference (DD) model to assess the impact of Canadian policy introduction on smoking prevalence, and a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) model to examine differences in the policy impact by sex and education, comparing Canada (the treatment group) with the United States (the control group).ResultsFrom 1999 to 2004, smoking prevalence decreased from 23.7% to 18.6% in Canada, and from 21.7% to 20.0% in the United States. Results from the DD regression models showed that Canadian respondents reported lower odds of being a current smoker compared to the U.S. respondents following the 2000 introduction of GWLs (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.94). The DDD model showed that the impact of the Canadian GWLs versus the United States did not differ by sex or education.ConclusionsThe 2000 Canadian GWL policy reduced smoking prevalence overall, with similar reductions for males and females and across education levels. The impact of the Canadian GWLs in reducing smoking prevalence did not reduce differences by sex or education. Although beneficial for all smokers, GWLs may not serve to decrease existing disparities, especially those by socioeconomic status.ImplicationsExisting evidence shows that GWL implementation is associated with reductions in smoking prevalence. But there is limited evidence from past evaluation studies on whether the impact of GWLs on smoking prevalence differs by sociodemographic subgroup. Our findings confirm existing studies that the 2000 implementation of GWLs in Canada was significantly associated with an overall reduction in smoking prevalence in Canada compared to the United States. However, our study improves existing evidence by showing that the impact of the Canadian GWLs on smoking prevalence did not differ by sex or education, and thus did not reduce existing smoking disparities by educational levels.
Non-malignant silica-related diseases in a specialized outpatient clinic
Authors: Carneiro A P S , Teixeira V d S P , Silveira A M , Araújo S C B , Algranti E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundUncontrolled occupational exposure to silica is still frequent in Brazil, with several recent records in the state of Minas Gerais. However, few national studies have addressed silica-related diseases other than silicosis.AimsTo describe the occurrence of the main non-malignant silica-related diseases: silicosis, tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and autoimmune diseases in a specialized outpatient clinic.MethodsCase series study of 1525 patients exposed to silica, seen between 1984 and 2021, with descriptive findings of clinical and occupational data from the first medical evaluation.ResultsMedians of age and exposure time were 47 and 15 years, respectively, and 97% of patients were male. The prevalence of silicosis was 44%, of which 27% had large opacities. The main occupational sectors were underground gold mining (28%), precious and semi-precious stone work (20%), and artisanal mining (9%). Spirometries were abnormal in 55%, with obstructive disorder being the most common finding. COPD (25%), active TB or sequelae (12%), and connective tissue diseases (6%) were diagnosed in patients with and without silicosis.ConclusionsThe percentage of silicosis appears to be alarming, even considering the biases of selective referrals. The patients were relatively young and already had a functional impact, caused not only by silicosis but by one or more silica-related diseases. COPD, TB, and connective tissue diseases proved to be frequent, leading to the need for specifics protocols to investigate them in individuals exposed to silica. By adopting strategies to combat silicosis, the prevention of other silica-related diseases is concomitantly promoted.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA-Based Human Metapneumovirus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Combined Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Authors: August Allison , Shaw Christine A , Lee Heather , Knightly Conor , Kalidindia Shiva , Chu Laurence , Essink Brandon J , Seger William , Zaks Tal , Smolenov Igor , Panther Lori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) cause respiratory tract illness in children and the elderly. No licensed vaccines are available.

Methods
In this phase 1, randomized, dose-ranging, first-in-human study, the safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-based hMPV and PIV3 combination vaccine, mRNA-1653, were evaluated in healthy adults aged 18–49 years. Sentinel participants (n = 20) received 2 doses of mRNA-1653 (25, 75, 150, or 300 μg) in the dose escalation phase, and participants (n = 104) received 2 doses of mRNA-1653 (75, 150, or 300 μg) or placebo in the dose selection phase; injections were 28 days apart.

Results
The most common solicited reactogenicity events were injection site pain, headache, fatigue, and myalgia, the majority of which were grade 1 or 2. A single mRNA-1653 dose increased neutralization titers against hMPV and PIV3 1 month after vaccination compared with baseline. No notable increases in neutralizing antibody titers were observed with escalating dose levels after mRNA-1653, although no statistical inferences were made; a second mRNA-1653 dose had little observable impact on antibody titers. Neutralizing titers through 1 year remained above baseline for hMPV and returned to baseline for PIV3.

Conclusions
mRNA-1653 was well tolerated, with an acceptable safety profile and increased hMPV and PIV3 neutralization titers in healthy adults.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Dosage in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Is Less More?
Authors: Tobin Nicole H , Yang Otto O 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The lower efficacy of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in 5-11 year old children was unexpected. Neutralizing antibody titers elicited by the vaccines in children, adolescents, and young adults suggest that the lower efficacy is not due to the lower dosage. Confirming the efficacy of these vaccines in children, determining if mRNA vaccination strategies are less effective in younger children, as well as optimizing the dosage, dosing intervals, and number of doses needed in children, adolescents, and young adults are critical to improve vaccination strategies for these populations going forward.
Anti-citrullinated protein antibody specificities and pulmonary fibrosis in relation to genetic loci in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brink Mikael , Ljung Lotta , Hansson Monika , Rönnelid Johan , Holmdahl Rickard , Skriner Karl , Serre Guy , Klareskog Lars , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Pulmonary manifestations in RA are common comorbidities, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The added value of a multiplex of ACPA and genetic risk markers was evaluated for the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in an inception cohort.

Methods
A total of 1184 patients with early RA were consecutively included and followed prospectively from the index date until death or 31 December 2016. The presence of 21 ACPA fine specificities was analysed using a custom-made microarray chip (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Three SNPs, previously found related to PF were evaluated, rs2609255 (FAM13A), rs111521887 (TOLLIP) and rs35705950 (MUC5B). ACPA and genetic data were available for 841 RA patients, of whom 50 developed radiologically defined PF.

Results
In unadjusted analyses, 11 ACPA specificities were associated with PF development. In multiple variable analyses, six ACPA specificities were associated with increased risk of PF: vimentin (Vim)60–75, fibrinogen (Fib)β62–78 (72), Fibα621–635, Bla26, collagen (C)II359–369 and F4-CIT-R (P &lt; 0.01 to P &lt; 0.05). The number of ACPA specificities was also related to PF development (P &lt; 0.05 crude and adjusted models). In multiple variable models respectively adjusted for each of the SNPs, the number of ACPA specificities (P &lt; 0.05 in all models), anti-Vim60–75 (P &lt; 0.05, in all models), anti-Fibβ62–78 (72) (P &lt; 0.001 to P &lt; 0.05), anti-CII359–369 (P &lt; 0.05 in all models) and anti-F4-CIT-R AQ4 (P &lt; 0.01 to P &lt; 0.05), anti-Fibα621–635 (P &lt; 0.05 in one) and anti-Bla26 (P &lt; 0.05 in two) were significantly associated with PF development.

Conclusion
The development of PF in an inception cohort of RA patients was associated with both presence of certain ACPA and the number of ACPA specificities and risk genes.
Patterns of body composition and alteration after treatment in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Yang Shiyi , Luo Cheng , Zheng Wei , Li Xue , Zhang Xu , Jiang Ying , Xiao Fei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To define the pattern of body composition and alteration after treatment of patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) using DXA.

Methods
DXA was used to obtain regional and whole-body measurements of fat mass and lean tissue mass (LTM) in 50 patients with newly diagnosed IIM and matched controls. The DXA indices of fat mass and LTM were calculated. The analyses included correlations between DXA indices and clinical parameters [manual muscle test (MMT), Myositis Damage Index (MDI), Myositis Intention-to-Treat Activities Index (MITAX), handgrip, percentage forced vital capacity (%FVC) and creatine kinase level], comparison between patients with IIM and controls, comparison between IIM subgroups, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and comparison of body composition before and after treatment.

Results
DXA LTM measurements were significantly correlated with MMT, MDI-muscle, handgrip strength, and %FVC. Patients with IIM had decreased LTM of the upper limbs and appendicular region. Male patients with IIM had significantly decreased LTM in the upper and lower limbs, whereas female patients with IIM had significantly decreased LTM in the upper limbs. Patients with IIM with anti-SRP seropositivity had lower LTM than patients with anti-SRP seronegativity. In ROC analysis, the DXA LTM indices presented good diagnostic values for distinguishing patients with newly diagnosed IIM from healthy controls. After treatment, the LTM of the upper limbs and appendicular region significantly increased.

Conclusion
DXA is an attractive method for the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed IIM as well as a new way of monitoring disease conditions.
The Effects of Undergraduate Financing on Advanced Degree Attainment
Authors: Witteveen Dirk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effects of undergraduate financing on subsequent advanced degree attainment in a context characterized by a shift away from traditional grant aid programs and toward widespread student loans. Using data from the National Survey of College Graduates, 2SLS Lewbel method regressions estimate the effects of having received undergraduate grant aid and having student loan debt on the chances of attaining an advanced degree during the next ten years. Results suggest a large positive influence of receiving undergraduate grant aid on advanced degree attainment (+8.5%), thus boosting higher education attainment far beyond only an undergraduate degree across college graduation cohorts between 1986 and 2007. Conversely, having loan debt upon college graduation affected the chances of advanced degree attainment negatively. The increased reliance on loans during undergraduate studies coincided with its long-term (or “spillover”) effect on advanced degree attainment being null in the late 1980s to a substantive deficit of more than 4 percentage—points from the 2000s onward. Counterfactual projection models suggest that loan-taking after the 1992 Higher Education Act suppressed the number of advanced degree holders in the US labor market and will continue to do so given current undergraduate financing patterns.