bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-resistance electric heating of shaped CFRP laminates: temperature distribution optimization and validation
Authors: Shen Yingxiang , Lu Yong , Liu Shuting , Liu Qiangqiang , Tao Shuangquan , Hao Xiaozhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Self-Resistance Electrical (SRE) heating method to cure carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) part possesses the advantages of rapid and volumetric heating, low energy consumption, and low asset investment. But the current SRE heating methods are difficult to uniformly cure the shaped CFRP parts due to the non-uniformly distributed Joule heat power in the parts with a varying cross-sectional area. In this paper, an optimized multi-zone SRE heating method is proposed, in which the uniform heating and curing process of the shaped CFRP part is firstly achieved. By optimizing the orientation of the rectangular zones, the local overheating caused by the voltage gradient and current diffusion between different zones is notably suppressed. Combined with the electro-thermal numerical analysis, the influence of the positional offset of electrodes in two adjacent zones on the temperature uniformity is investigated. Based on this, an automated zoning algorithm and the prioritizing method of the zone orientation are established. The proposed method is numerically and experimentally validated with the typical shaped CFRP parts, and the results are compared with that of the existing SRE heating method. The proposed method realizes that the maximum in-plane temperature difference of shaped CFRP parts is reduced by more than 80%. This method significantly improves the temperature uniformity of shaped CFRP parts during the multi-zone SRE heating process, which provides a potential solution for high-quality and efficient curing of CFRP parts.
Barriers And Facilitators For Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Beta-Lactams And Ciprofloxacin In The ICU: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ewoldt Tim M.J. , Abdulla Alan , Broek Puck van den , Hunfeld Nicole , Bahmany Soma , Muller Anouk E. , Gommers Diederik , Polinder Suzanne , Endeman Henrik , Spronk Inge , Koch Birgit C.P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent studies demonstrated that failure of achieving pharmacodynamic targets of commonly used antibiotics is common in critically ill patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can contribute to optimize the exposure of beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin. While evidence for TDM of these antibiotics is growing, translation into clinical implementation remains limited. Therefore, perceived barriers and facilitators are important for implementing TDM in this population. The primary aim of this study was to identify healthcare professionals’ barriers and facilitators for the implementation of TDM of beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin in Dutch intensive care units (ICU).Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional online survey among healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in antibiotic treatment of ICU patients. An adapted version of the Measurement Instrument for Determinants of Innovations was sent out. Items were considered barriers when ≥ 20% of participants responded with a negative answer. If ≥ 80% of the participants responded with a positive answer, the item was considered a facilitator.Results: Sixty-four HCPs completed the survey, of which 14 were from academic hospitals, 25 from general hospitals, and 25 from teaching hospitals. Most participants were hospital pharmacists (59%) or medical specialists (23%). Eleven barriers and four facilitators for implementation of TDM of beta-lactams were identified; 17 barriers for TDM of ciprofloxacin and no facilitators. The most important barriers were a lack of conclusive evidence, organizational support, and low availability of assays. Additional barriers were a lack of consensus on which specific patients to apply TDM and which pharmacodynamic targets to use. Identified facilitators for beta-lactam TDM implementation are low complexity and high task perception, combined with the perception that TDM is important to prevent side effects and to adequate treat infections. Twenty-eight percent of participants reported that flucloxacillin could be analyzed in their hospital. Availability of other beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin varied (3-17%).Conclusion: Several barriers were identified that could obstruct the implementation of TDM of beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin in the ICU. In particular, education, clear guidelines, and organizational support in particular should be considered when creating tailored implementation strategies. Finally, evidence of beneficial clinical outcomes on TDM of beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin can enhance further implementation.
Baseline composition and microbial quality assessment of raw milk from endemic small ruminants and Maghrebi camels in the oasis area of Tunisia
Authors: Khaldi Zahran , Nafti Mounir , Jilani Mohamed Tabarek 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The milk quality and characteristics of the local Gharbi sheep and autochthonous goat population were studied and compared to those of the local Maghrebi camel. Milk samples from 378 lactating animals raised in the Tunisian oasis region were obtained and processed for various physicochemical compositions (pH, density, acidity, dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, casein, ash, and casein-protein ratio), mineral concentrations (Ca, P, Na, and K), and bacteriological properties (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total coliform count (TCC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sulfite-reducing Clostridium (CSR), yeast and molds (Y/M), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Salmonella) using standard methods. Milk from sheep breeds had a higher average of all physical parameters (pH, density, and dornic acidity) than milk from goat species. The sheep population produced milk with a similar pH to the camel population, but with a higher density and acidity content. The pH and acidity were higher in Neggas than in goat species, while density was similar in both. For chemical composition, the results showed significant heterogeneity in milk content across all species. Except for the casein-protein ratio, which favors goat species, the analysis indicates that sheep species were superior to populations of goats and camels in all chemical compositions. The present results showed considerable variation in the mineral content of milk from different species. The levels of calcium and phosphorus are higher in sheep than in goat and camel milk. Compared to small ruminants, milk from camels is the richest in Na and K. Additionally, more calcium is present in the milk of camels than that of goats. Goat milk, the lowest in Ca and Na, contains more P than camel milk and more K than sheep's milk on average. The poorest microbial quality was that of camel milk for all bacterial counts. Based on TMAB, TCC, and E. coli counts, the microbiological quality of goat milk was higher than that of ovine milk, while ovine milk had better quality based on LAB, Y/M, and S. aureus values. For Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, there were no significant variations between the species studied. Results showed that all milk samples studied were completely free of two dangerous pathogens, Salmonella and sulfite-reducing Clostridium. The bacteriological quality of small ruminant’s milk was acceptable and met the regulatory limits set by Tunisian dairy legislation. Regarding camel milk, the microbial analysis revealed poor quality that exceeds standard criteria.
Terrestrial Forcing of Marine Biodiversification
Authors: Martin Ronald , Cardenas Andrés 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Physical and biological factors have been proposed to account for the long-term development of marine biodiversity through the Phanerozoic Eon. Nutrient availability and primary productivity have, however, received less attention. We demonstrate that the diversification of the major marine faunas during the Phanerozoic was coupled to nutrient runoff from land and the diversification of phosphorus-rich plankton. Nutrient input to the oceans increased dramatically during the Meso-Cenozoic in response to widespread orogeny and peaked repeatedly following the eruption and weathering of phosphorus-rich continental Large Igneous Provinces. Widespread orogeny, forestation, and nutrient runoff during the Permo-Carboniferous was transitional to the Mesozoic and continued during the later Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras with the further tectonism and the spread of angiosperms, modern representatives of which tend to be more nutrient-rich. Early-to-middle Paleozoic diversity was, in contrast, limited by nutrient-poor plankton resulting from less frequent tectonism and poorly-developed terrestrial floras. Our results suggest that biodiversity on geologic time scales is unbounded, provided sufficient nutrients and nutrient-rich plankton are available on optimal timescales.
Spatiotemporal changes of cyanobacterial and bacterial communities during an algal bloom in a subtropical water source reservoir ecosystem of China
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Jiang Cancan , Xu Shengjun , Zheng Xiaoxu , Lv Ping , Wang Cong , Wang Dongsheng , Zhuang Xuliang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Massive nitrogen and phosphorus input into aquatic ecosystems makes algal bloom as one of the most concerning problems in China. Algal blooms not only threaten the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems, but also influence the microbial community within. However, less is known regarding how algal bloom affects the spatiotemporal variation of aquatic microbial community, including cyanobacteria and other bacteria. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate how the cyanobacterial and bacterial community diversity and composition spatiotemporally vary along main algal bloom phases in upstream rivers of a eutrophicated water source reservoir. For both cyanobacteria and bacteria, their diversities demonstrated temporal significance amongst different phases in each river, indicating the apparent impact of algal bloom. Dominant cyanobacterial taxa included Chloroplast, Cyanobacteriales, and Synechococcales, and dominant bacterial taxa comprised Acinetobacter, CL500-29, hgcI clade, Limnohabitans, Flavobacterium, Rhodoluna, Porphyrobacter, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiales, whose relative abundance varied along the algal bloom, rendering distinct community composition for each river. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis additionally indicated significant differences amongst different phases, and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with LDA effect size analysis (LEfSe) helped to identify the significant biomarkers (OTUs) in each river at different phases. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) or redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed distinct correlation patterns of cyanobacterial and bacterial communities with the environmental parameters, which implies their distinct ecological functions. In general, these results demonstrated the significant influence of algal bloom on microbial communities in a eutrophicated water source reservoir basin. These observations also arouse universal demands for strategies conserving the aquatic microbial equilibrium and alleviating algal blooms in reservoirs.
Environmental drivers dependent habitat expansion of introduced alien trout (Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Himalayan ecosystem and management concerns in the time of climate change
Authors: Singh Atul K , Srivast Sharad C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduced alien brown trout Salmo trutta fario and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are although abundantly available in western Himalaya, its distribution is now expanding in different Himalayan states. We present the first assessment of environmental drivers’ responsible for current distribution and potential expansion of S. trutta fario and O. mykiss in the Himalayan ecosystem. MaxEnt model was used in this study, which was overlaid with presence data into environmental layers with a total of 81 occurrence points to estimate contemporary suitable habitat. Results of this study indicated that the precipitation of driest quarter (Bio_17) contributed 71.4% for S. trutta fario and 61.1% for O. mykiss distribution respectively. The other environmental variables responsible were altitudinal variable (GMTED_DEM) 7.9% and precipitation seasonality (Bio_ 15) 10.9% for brown trout distribution. In case of O. mykiss, the contributed three layer of permutation importance were driest quarter (Bio_9) 10.8%; precipitation (Prec_03) 9.6% and length_slope 7%. Our findings facilitate understanding of bioclimatic factors responsible for expanding habitat distribution of trout and forecasting environmental variables and climate change trade-offs towards habitat regime shift in the Himalayan region of Asian continent suggesting need of their sustainable management.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Falls Among Women with Breast Cancer During Taxane-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Rattanakrong Nida , Siriphorn Akkradate , Boonyong Sujitra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the falling incidence density and examine the potential risk factors associated with falling among women with breast cancer during taxane-based chemotherapy.
Methods
One hundred and twenty-three women with breast cancers were participated in this study. The fall incidence density, taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) symptoms, and physical performance tests were evaluated at five time points throughout chemotherapy treatment. A fall diary was used to record fall incidence density during treatment. The fall incidence density was calculated by the number of first fall occurrence divide by person-time at risk. The risk factors associated with falls incidence density were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. The Kaplan-Meier curve illustrated the probability to survive from fall during chemotherapy treatment.
RESULTS
Over the course of taxane-based chemotherapy, 29 (23.58%) women with breast cancer reported falls. In addition, the fall incidence density was 3 per 1000 person-day. This study discovered a significant link between age (HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11), BMI (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), and a 30-s chair stand test (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97) and falling.
CONCLUSIONS
As evidenced by the findings, the initial fall occurred after the first cycle of chemotherapy treatment and was found throughout the course of treatment. Furthermore, falls were associated with age, BMI, and a 30-second chair stand test. Early detection of TIPN symptoms and lower limb muscular weakness, particularly among older persons and those with a high BMI, may be essential to prevent falls.
Costs Associated with Adverse Events from Remission Induction for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Mejía-Aranguré Eréndira , Reyes-López Alfonso , Juárez-Villegas Luis Enrique , Hernández-Olivares Yosef Olaf , Saucedo-Campos Alberto Daniel , Hernández-Pliego Gabriela , Martínez-Valverde Silvia , Barajas-Nava Leticia A. , Garduño-Espinosa Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDuring remission induction (RI) treatment, adverse events (AEs) may require hospital treatment, causing partial or total suspension of the treatment protocol depending on their severity which delays the end of RI. We will follow up patients with AEs initiated in IR assuming that they may require several weeks of treatment before hospital discharge, which may represent a considerable cost for the hospital institution.ObjectiveTo estimate the incremental cost of the RI treatment protocol by the presence of AEs in children with ALL.MethodsChildren with a recent diagnosis of ALL, who are undergoing RI treatment. The AE experienced during remission were classified according to System Organ Class (SOC). With data available from the clinical records, we quantified and compared the direct medical costs generated between a group of patients who presented AE and another group that did not. Generalized linear models were developed to identify cost variations according to the frequency of events, which were associated with characteristics of the patient, such as sex, risk category and alive status.Results297 AEs were identified in 86.8% of the patients, 68.7% of the events were treated in hospital. The total incremental cost to treat a patient who has adverse events during induction exceeds $7,000 and for each additional adverse event the total cost increase $527 dollars.ConclusionThe cost of a pediatric patient undergoing RI without adverse events is $3,078.36. The average incremental cost to treat a patient with AEs exceeds twice the cost of a patient without events and the frequency of inpatient AEs in RI exceeds that of outpatient by three to one. Generalized linear models show that variables such as sex, risk category and alive status are associated with the presence, frequency and cost of AE. This is the first study aiming to analyze the effect of ALL-related AEs on health care costs in pediatric population, so our results may help not only to local decision making but also it may contribute to the research agenda in this field.
Application of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis based on an optical surgical navigation system to correct midfacial dysplasia
Authors: Zhao ZhenMin , Chen YuJie , Du ShanShan , Lin ZhiYu , Zhang PeiYang , Zhang XinLing , Wang JunCheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Midfacial hypoplasia is a common maxillofacial deformity in patients with cleft lip and palate, which requires surgical treatment. However, achieving noninvasiveness in trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis (TSDO) for midfacial hypoplasia has been difficult. This study aimed to introduce the application of an optical surgical navigation system (OSNS) developed by the authors in TSDO. Six consecutive patients with midfacial hypoplasia (five boys and one girl, with an average age of 10 years; five patients with postoperative cleft lip and palate, and one patient without combined cleft lip and palate) who required TSDO were included in the study. Preoperatively, head computed tomography was performed, and the data were imported into the computer's Mimics software (version 20.0) to design a three-dimensional simulation of the surgical approach. TSDO was performed with the use of the OSNS, and the accuracy and results of the procedure were initially evaluated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative periods. The surgical procedure was successful, with a postoperative follow-up of 4–5 months. All patients demonstrated good treatment results, without complications. Therefore, the OSNS can safely and effectively guide the TSDO technique, essentially correcting midfacial dysplasia, achieving non-invasiveness, improving surgical precision, reducing bleeding, and obtaining better clinical results.
Evaluation the efficacy of optimized two-step-administration therapy with ceftazidime/avibactam for treating Extensively drug-resistance (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections: a Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis
Authors: Kang Yixin , Cui Junchang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The objective of this pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of different dosing regimens of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) for the treatment of extensively drug-resistance (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections by using optimized two-step-administration therapy (OTAT) and traditional infusion (TI).Methods: We used Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) to integrate PK parameters with PD parameters to assess the adequacy of ceftazidime-avibactam dosing for XDR P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections. We obtained pharmacokinetic parameters from a previously published study and pharmacodynamic parameters from the international network for optimal resistance monitoring (INORM). Dosing models were as follows: 2.5 g q8h, 2.5 g q6h, 4 g q8h, 4g q6h, 1.25 g q8h, 1.25 g q6h, and 0.94 g q12h.Results: MCS showed that the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of all dosing regimens of OTAT was higher than 90%. Similarly, the probability of target attainments (PTAs) of all dosing regimens of OTAT at MICs of 16-32 mg/L was higher than those of TI. Based on the models, PK/PD goals were met with OTAT regimens even with high MICs (>16 mg/L) compared with traditional infusion intervals. Conclusion: Our work indicated that OTAT with sufficient pharmacokinetic exposures could improve the efficacy of CZA for XDR P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections.
Echinocystic acid induces the apoptosis, and inhibits the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: zhu duojie , Wang Cheng , Jiang Peng , Tang Futian , Li Yumin , li bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the anticancer activity of triterpenes extracted from traditional medicines. Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpene isolated from Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., has previously been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in HepG2 and HL-60 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activity of EA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. For this purpose, the viability and proliferation of A549 cells were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine staining. The migratory and invasive ability of the A549 cells were measured using wound healing and Transwell assays. Hoechst staining was also performed to detect the apoptosis of A549 cells. The proliferation of A549 cells and the distributions of different growth phases were determined using a flow cytometer. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of cyclin D, partitioning defective 3 homolog (Par3), PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. EA inhibited the proliferation, and the migratory and invasive abilities of cultured lung carcinoma cells (A549 cells), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment with EA upregulated Par3 expression and inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro. In addition, EA treatment inhibited tumor growth, suppressed proliferation and induced the apoptosis of tumor cells in NSCLC tumor xenografts in mice. On the whole, these results suggest that EA may represent a potential therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
Heatstroke-induced late-onset neurological deficits in mice caused by Purkinje cell degeneration, demyelination, and synaptic impairment at cerebellum
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuyuki , Nakamura Motoyasu , Ohtaki Hirokazu , Suzuki Keisuke , Yamaga Hiroki , Yanagisawa Kaoru , Maeda Atsuo , Yagi Masaharu , Hayashi Munetaka , Honda Kazuho , Dohi Kenji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Global warming increases the incidence of heatstroke. After heatstroke, patients are bedridden and exhibit neurological symptoms suggesting cerebellar damage. However, the potential long-term adverse outcomes are poorly understood. We studied the cerebellum after heatstroke. In our study, motor coordination disorder significantly appeared 3 weeks post heatstroke and gradually improved to some extent over time. Demyelination was detected at 1 and 3 weeks after heatstroke at the cerebellum. Interestingly, it was not found at the corpus callosum. The Purkinje cell numbers significantly decreased at 1-, 3-, and 9-weeks post heatstroke. The intensity of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) temporarily decreased at 3 weeks post heatstroke; however, both increased at 9 weeks post heatstroke. Motor coordination loss occurred a few weeks after heatstroke and recovered to some extent. Late-onset motor impairment was suggested to be caused by cerebellar dysfunctions that were morphologically assessed by myelin staining and immunostaining of Purkinje cells with pre-and postsynaptic markers. However, the Purkinje cell number did not recover for 9 weeks, the others, including motor coordination were partially recovered probably by synaptic reconstruction, residual Purkinje cells, and other cerebellar neuron remyelination. These phenomena were associated with late-onset neurological deficits and recovery after heatstroke.