bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of nurses working in nurse‐led clinics in Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals: A focused ethnographic study
Authors: Dong Zhaoyang , Wei Lin , Sun Xinglan , Xiang Jiagen , Hu Yanan , Lin Meizhen , Tan Yibing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nurse‐led clinics (NLC) is an innovative working model in China, representing the specialization and extension of nurses’ role. However, as a pioneer in TCM nursing, this new model of working is facing both opportunities and challenges because it is known little about the operational status of NLCs.AimsTo explore the experiences of nurses who work in NLC in TCM hospitals.Materials & MethodsA focused ethnographic study was conducted in three TCM hospitals affiliated with Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. We interviewed eleven nurses in those hospitals and observed seven of them working with patients. We used snowball sampling for data collection including interview, non‐participant observation and documents from medical records. All the data were processed as following steps: (a) coding for descriptive labels; (b) sorting for patterns; (c) identifying outliers or negative cases; (d) generalizing with construction and theories and (e) noting reflective remarks.ResultsNurse‐led clinics help nurses develop their skills and knowledge that are highly recognized by public since they meet the growing needs of patients and also relieve the workload of physicians in the hospitals. However, lack of specialization is still a major challenge in NLCs due to insufficiency of full‐time staff with specialized education, nurse‐led practice without standardized guidelines, restrictions on prescription right of nurses, and also inadequate support from hospitals.DiscussionsAs a revolutionary innovation of working model for nurses in TCM hospitals, NLCs could improve quality of care and lead to a comprehensive promotion of nursing career. However, there are several challenges on providing high quality care for patients whilst improving educational development of nurses. This study suggests that nurses, hospital administration and the government should cooperate with each other to develop standard nursing programs for NLCs.ConclusionsIt is imperative to identify nursing roles, collect available resources, and develop supportive policies and training programs to enhance the quality of NLCs.
Care home workers experiences of stress and coping during COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed methods study
Authors: Beattie Michelle , Carolan Clare , Macaden Leah , Maciver Alison , Dingwall Lindsay , Macgilleeathain Rebecah , Schoultz Mariyana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the stress and coping experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) in care home settings in Scotland during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional mixed methods study was conducted using an online survey and interviews.MethodsMean scores were calculated for both stress and coping and t‐tests used to explore possible links to demographics. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's method.ResultsFor 52 survey participants, the mean score for the PSS was M = 39.75 and CSE‐M = 150.6 indicating high stress and medium coping skills. From the t‐test, only absence of health issues was associated with higher levels of coping. Thirteen HCWs participated in one‐to‐one interviews. Qualitative data analysis generated four themes contributing to stress: 1. personal factors, 2. changed care environment, 3. amplified scrutiny and 4. psychological responses. Coping was represented as three main themes: 1. personal factors, 2. organizational culture and 3. safety and security. There is a critical need for a strategic approach to provide psychological support to care home staff both during and beyond the context of the pandemic.
Rewilding—The farmers’ perspective. Perceptions and attitudinal support for rewilding among the English farming community
Authors: Mikołajczak Katarzyna M. , Jones Nikoleta , Sandom Christopher J. , Wynne‐Jones Sophie , Beardsall Antonia , Burgelman Suzanna , Ellam Lucy , Wheeler Helen C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Rewilding is an increasingly common conservation approach, aiming to restore ecosystem processes and minimise human intervention. Rewilding has the potential to profoundly change landscapes and people–nature relations. These issues prompt an ongoing debate about how and if rewilding should be done.

Farmers are key stakeholders in this debate; they stand to be both affected by and influence the trajectory of rewilding initiatives developing in the United Kingdom and globally. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of farmers' perceptions towards rewilding is lacking.

Here, we focus on how members of the farming community in England perceive common rewilding scenarios (beaver release, farm‐level rewilding and landscape‐scale rewilding), and how these perceptions shape farmers' attitudinal support for rewilding practices.

Using thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 36 farmers and farming representatives, we show that the diversity of famers' attitudes can be understood through the prism of perceptions on five core issues: (a) the perceived need for restoration action, (b) the ecological effectiveness of rewilding, (c) rewilding's compatibility with ensuring food security, (d) rewilding's compatibility with rural lifestyles, livelihoods and economies and (e) multidimensional justice of rewilding initiatives. These issues are rooted in collective farming values, and farmers' perceptions of these issues are influenced by mental models, perceived social impacts and perceived ecological outcomes of rewilding initiatives. Diverse perceptions result in a range of attitudes, from enthusiastic support to strong opposition to different rewilding practices.

We argue that the scope to increase support for rewilding varies depending on the type of underlying negative perceptions. Where the negative perceptions are based on objectively verifiable causal beliefs (mental models), opponents' minds may be changed through the provision of positive experiences, social learning, and adhering to good governance principles. However, where negative perceptions are based on values, for example, a preference for traditional rural landscapes, they are unlikely to change easily. Pursuing rewilding ambitions that clash with the values of local farmers may risk social conflicts, but accommodating these values too much may compromise rewilding's own goals. Rewilding initiatives will need dialogue and social engagement to navigate their path around this tension.

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Climate change adaptation and adaptive efficacy in the inland fisheries of the Lake Victoria basin
Authors: Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Musinguzi Laban , Ogutu‐Ohwayo Richard , Natugonza Vianny , Cooke Steven J. , Young Nathan , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Inland fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people in riparian communities worldwide but are influenced by increasing climate variability and change. Freshwater fishing societies are among the most vulnerable to climate change given their dependence on highly threatened aquatic resources. As climate change intensifies, building adaptive capacity within communities and understanding the efficacy of adaptive strategies for maintaining household stability is essential for coping with ongoing social and environmental change.

In this study, we examined household perceptions of climate change, livelihood impacts and responses to socio‐ecological changes in fishing‐dependent households in the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda, East Africa. Through a series of household surveys and focus group discussions in five fish landing sites, we assessed social adaptive capacity (SAC) based on 207 households and identified adaptive strategies that are effective for coping with climatic change.

We found that people in fishing households are aware of environmental change but that most households do not have adaptive strategies that are efficacious for securing long‐term income and food security.

We also investigated household demographics that contribute to SAC, examined links between SAC and adaptive efficacy and established potential routes towards developing effective adaptive approaches in small‐scale fisheries.

This work contributes to a growing foundation of documented community‐based knowledge for building adaptive capacity in inland fisheries and the communities around the world that depend on them.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Comparative study on the mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate composites reinforced by KH570/SA/SDBS modified wollastonite fibers
Authors: Chen Feng , Bao Yongzhong , Zhang Jiamin , Yang Ming , Ruan Min , Feng Wei , Jiang Yufeng , Li Ming , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to increase the applicability of wollastonite (Wo) in polycarbonate (PC) polymer, surface modification of Wo was carried out using different modifiers containing silane coupling agent KH570, stearic acid (SA), and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The physical, physic‐chemical, and application properties of modified Wo were evaluated. Results showed that KH570 modified Wo had narrower particle size distribution, higher absolute zeta potential and were more evenly distributed. Scanning electron microscope study confirmed their changes in morphology and aspect ratio during the modification process. The tensile strength of Wo/PC composites, in which KH570‐modified Wo was used were superior to those in which original Wo or other modifiers modified samples were used. The maximum tensile strength of 65 ± 1 MPa was obtained by adding 15 wt% KH570‐modified Wo. Thermal analysis indicated that adding Wo to the polycarbonate increased the residue content but decreased the thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature slightly, regardless of unmodified or modified Wo. These results indicated that the well‐modified Wo mineral had the potential to replace expensive carbon and glass fibers as fillers in polycarbonate products.
Simultaneous modification of hydrotalcite–silicate nanolayers as reinforcement of a new polyamide: thermal properties and flammability study
Authors: Hajibeygi Mohsen , Javadi‐gharyesafa Aliasghar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNew polyamide/clay–layered double hydroxide nanocomposites (PACLN) were prepared from a synthesized aliphatic–aromatic polyamide (AAPA) and organically modified layered double hydroxide–clay (MLC) nanohybrid. MLC was obtained by simultaneous modification of montmorillonite and hydrotalcite nanolayers with cationic–anionic polyethyleneimine/poly(acrylic acid)‐co‐poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) in an ion‐exchange reaction. The analysis results indicated that the modification successfully occurred in MLC with increasing interlayer spacing. PACLN were prepared from AAPA and MLC using the solvent‐casting technique. The thermal and combustion properties, morphology and structure of the resulting nanocomposites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The results indicated that the silicate and hydrotalcite nanosheets were dispersed in the AAPA matrix. In other words, the silicate and hydrotalcite nanosheets were placed in the AAPA matrix as a new two‐dimensional rearranged structure by self‐assembly. The TGA results of nanocomposites in N2 environment showed that PACLN is more heat resistant than AAPA. The 5% mass degradation temperature of PACLN containing 5 mass% of MLC was obtained as almost 60 °C more than that of AAPA. According to MCC results, the peaks of heat release rate were reduced from 156 to 91 W g−1 for AAPA containing 5 mass% of MLC. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Near‐surface geophysical imaging of a thermokarst pond in the discontinuous permafrost zone in Nunavik (Québec), Canada
Authors: Bussière Léa , Schmutz Myriam , Fortier Richard , Lemieux Jean‐Michel , Dupuy Alain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, high resolution ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and spectral‐induced polarization tomography (SIPT) were used to (i) delineate characteristic solifluction features, (ii) map the ice distribution, and (iii) assess subsurface water content and permeability in the surrounding rampart of a thermokarst pond in the discontinuous permafrost zone. The study site is located in the Tasiapik Valley near Umiujaq in Nunavik (Québec), Canada, which benefits from decades of geological mapping, geophysical investigation, and monitoring of ground temperature and thaw subsidence, providing an extensive understanding of the cryohydrogeological context of the area. The results of geophysical investigation undertaken in this study were cross validated using core sampling, laboratory core analysis, and in situ ground temperature and water content monitoring. Based on this investigation, a conceptual model was derived and compared to the stratigraphy of cross‐section described in literature in finer‐grained context. Very good consistency was found from one in situ geophysical survey to another, as well as between the derived stratigraphic models and the ground truth. The combination of all the available data allowed the development of a detailed cryohydrogeological model across the studied thermokarst pond, which highlights the effect of lithology, topography, and land cover on the distribution and mobility of water in the ground.
A Rate‐Dependent Constitutive Model of HTPB Propellant Based on Parallel Rheological Framework
Authors: Xu Yihang , Li Daokui , Zhou Shiming , Shen Zhibin , Li Yifei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that highly strain‐rate dependent behavior is present in the mechanical properties of Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)propellants, and many experts and scholars have attempted to develop constitutive models to describe such rate‐dependent properties of propellants. From the linear viscoelastic model to the Zhu‐Wang‐Tang model, the strain‐rate dependent properties of viscoelastic materials have been described to some extent. But due to the highly nonlinear mechanical behavior exhibited in propellant materials, the nonlinear behavior of propellants at different strain rates is difficult to be captured in the above constitutive models which are all based on linear elasticity. Therefore, in this paper, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was proposed based on the parallel rheological framework, in which the hyperelastic and viscoelastic flow laws were embedded. Because of the excellent ability to capture the nonlinear behavior of the material, the parallel rheological framework was used to predict the mechanical response at six sets of experiments with different rates. Surprisingly, this constitutive structure model performed good prediction of the mechanical properties of the material by comparison between theoretical calculations and experimental data. The constitutive model was verified by finite element method with numerical simulation software, and the robustness of the constitutive model was checked by a new set of experimental data. A good foundation was established for the accurate description of the propellant constitutive model strain‐rate dependent characteristics by the results of this paper, which could provide a new method for the rapid prediction and evaluation of the propellant mechanical response.
Toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of plumbagin in the developmental stages of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818‐intermediate host) and cercaricidal activity against the infectious agent of schistosomiasis mansoni
Authors: França Wilza Wanessa Melo , da Silva Adriana Maria , Diniz Emily Gabriele Marques , Silva Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes , Pereira Dewson Rocha , De Melo Ana Maria Mendonça Albuquerque , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso , de Azevedo Albuquerque Mônica Camelo Pessoa , de Araújo Hallysson Douglas Andrade , de Lima Aires André 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSnails of the genus Biomphalaria are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the main etiological agent of schistosomiasis mansoni, which affects about 236.6 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The World Health Organization recommends the population control of vector snails as one of the strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of schistosomiasis. In this study, molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of plumbagin, a naturally sourced naphthoquinone with a range of biological effects, were evaluated against B. glabrata and cercariae of S. mansoni.RESULTSAfter 24 h of exposure, plumbagin demonstrated molluscicidal activity at low concentrations against embryos (LC50 of 0.56, 0.93, 0.68, 0.51 and 0.74 μg mL−1 for the blastula, gastrula, trochophore, veliger and hippo stage, respectively) and adult snails (LC50 of 3.56 μg mL−1). There were no changes in exposed snails’ fecundity or fertility; however, plumbagin was able to increase the frequency of DNA damage and the number of hemocytes, with apoptosis and binucleation being the main hemocyte alterations. In addition, plumbagin showed death of S. mansoni cercariae in the concentration of 1.5 μg mL−1 in 60 min, while showing moderate toxicity to Artemia salina.CONCLUSIONPlumbagin proved to be a promising substance for the control of B. glabrata population, intermediate host of S. mansoni, as well as the cercariae, infective stage for humans (definitive host), while being moderately toxic to A. salina, a crustacean widely used in ecotoxicity tests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the non‐neuronal cholinergic system in the ovary of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tian Xing , Guo Jiamin , Su Xinxin , Zhan Baolei , Liang Xiaoyu , Ma Anqi , Zhang Yalin , Lü Shumin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcetylcholine (ACh), as a classical neurotransmitter, plays great roles in the nervous system. There is increasing evidence of its non‐neuronal roles in regulating basic cell functions in vertebrates. However, knowledge about the non‐neuronal cholinergic system in insects is scarce.RESULTSA comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate differences in the key molecular components of the cholinergic system between the head and ovary. The results showed that expression levels of most cholinergic system‐related genes were higher in the head than in the ovary, and some cholinergic components were absent in the ovary. ACh contents ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 μg mg−1 of wet weight during the development of the ovary, and weak acetylcholinesterase activity was also detected. Moreover, the ovary has a capacity for ACh synthesis. Bromoacetylcarnitine (BrACar), a specific carnitine acetyltransferase (CarAT) inhibitor, greatly inhibits ACh synthesis by 83.83% in ovary homogenates, but bromoacetylcholine (BrACh), a specific choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) inhibitor, has no effect on ACh synthesis in the ovary. These findings indicate that non‐neuronal ACh in the ovary is only catalyzed by CarAT.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals the existence of the non‐neuronal cholinergic system in the ovary of M. separata, whose synthesis and release mechanisms are different from those of the head. These results provide novel insights into the non‐neuronal cholinergic system in insects, and will be valuable in the discovery of new target genes and the future development of green pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Constraint‐based analysis of a physics‐guided kinetic energy density expansion
Authors: Aldossari Bader H. , Alenaizan Asem , Al‐Aswad Abdulaziz H. , Alharbi Fahhad H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn approach guided by physical consistency in determining the general forms ofD‐dimensional kinetic energy density functionals (KEDF) has been demonstrated previously, producing an expansion which contains the majority of the known one‐point KEDF forms. It has also been shown that any noninteracting KEDF must necessarily have a homogeneity degree of 2 in coordinate scaling, and that the ratio of the collective KED to electron density must approach the ionization energy as . This article demonstrates that the scaling condition is already satisfied in the general expansion despite not being conceived with the scaling as a constraint, and that the second condition places a restriction on the expansion terms of the KED. The discussion is extended as well for some known KEDs for comparison.
A theoretical investigation ofZnZnandBeBeone electron bond
Authors: Sarmah Kangkan , Kalita Amlan J. , Guha Ankur K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAttachment of one electron to 1,2‐diBeX‐benzene and 1,2‐diZnX‐benzene derivatives leads to the formation of stronger BeBe and ZnZn interaction compared to the neutral one. This is reflected in the dramatic shortening of the BeBe and ZnZn distance. The formation of these 2‐center‐1‐electron bonds have also been confirmed by topological survey of electron density using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and electron localization function. The formation of these bonds is expected to render stability to these radical anions. These radical anions are stable toward electron detachment and computed bond dissociation energy values are also significant.
Hydrophobic microporous extraction on polyurethane sponges for convenient and sensitive analysis of organic molecules in water
Authors: Ji Baocheng , Han Yu , Zhao Wenhao , Yang Lanrui , Xu Xu , Bai Yanhong 
Published: August 2022

RationaleVarious solvent supports have been developed to overcome solvent instability during liquid‐phase microextraction. The hydrophobic polyurethane sponge (PS) possesses numerous cross‐linked internal microchannels and terminal micropores that can facilitate steady solvent storage capacity, high extraction efficiency, extractant loading, and recycling convenience.MethodsIn this study, an easy, convenient, and efficient PS‐supported liquid‐phase microextraction (PS‐LPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for the trace analysis of different organic compounds in aqueous solutions. Different extraction solvents, PS dosages, stirring speeds, and extraction times were first investigated by extracting eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene), and then applied for the analysis of triazines, amides, chloroacetamides, and organophosphorus compounds.ResultsHigh enrichment factors (approximately 208–439) were observed for the monitored PAHs. Good linearities, with determination coefficients (r2) greater than 0.9992, were achieved in the concentration range of 0.01–50 μg L−1. Low limits of detection and quantification were found in the ranges of 0.3–3 ng L−1 and 1–10 ng L−1, respectively. At three spiked concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μg L−1), good recoveries were obtained in the range of 91.6–118.5% with intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations of less than 6.4% and 11.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed PS‐LPME method coupled with GC–MS was successfully applied in the analysis of different organic compounds in aqueous solutions and has shown great convenience and satisfactory enrichment performance in microextraction analysis.