bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal composition and persistence of antigen‐specific circulating T follicular helper cells
Authors: Hu Mengyun , Notarbartolo Samuele , Foglierini Mathilde , Jovic Sandra , Mele Federico , Jarrossay David , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Cassotta Antonino , Sallusto Federica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractT follicular helper (TFH) cells play an essential role in promoting B cell responses and antibody affinity maturation in germinal centers (GC). A subset of memory CD4+ T cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5 has been described in human blood as phenotypically and clonally related to GC TFH cells. However, the antigen specificity and relationship of these circulating TFH (cTFH) cells with other memory CD4+ T cells remain poorly defined. Combining antigenic stimulation and T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ sequencing, we found T cells specific to tetanus toxoid (TT), influenza vaccine (Flu), or Candida albicans (C.alb) in both cTFH and non‐cTFH subsets, although with different frequencies and effector functions. Interestingly, cTFH and non‐cTFH cells specific for C.alb or TT had a largely overlapping TCR Vβ repertoire while the repertoire of Flu‐specific cTFH and non‐cTFH cells was distinct. Furthermore, Flu‐specific but not C.alb‐specific PD‐1+ cTFH cells had a “GC TFH‐like” phenotype, with overexpression of IL21, CXCL13, and BCL6. Longitudinal analysis of serial blood donations showed that Flu‐specific cTFH and non‐cTFH cells persisted as stable repertoires for years. Collectively, our study provides insights on the relationship of cTFH with non‐cTFH cells and on the heterogeneity and persistence of antigen‐specific human cTFH cells.
Intersecting views of gully erosion in South Africa
Authors: Olivier George , Van De Wiel Marco J. , De Clercq Willem P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGully erosion is an environmental problem recognized as one of the worst land degradation processes worldwide. Insight into regional gully perturbations is required to combat the serious on‐ and off‐site impacts of gullying on a catchment management scale. In response, we intersect different perspectives on gully erosion‐specific views in South Africa (SA), a country that exhibits various physiographic properties and spans 1.22 million km2. While the debate surrounding gully origin continues, there is consensus that anthropogenic activities are a major contemporary driver. The anthropogenic impact caused gullying to transcend climatic, geomorphic, and land‐use boundaries, although it becomes more prominent in central to eastern SA. Soil erodibility plays a crucial role in what extent of gully erosion severity is attained from human impact, contributing to the east–west imbalance of erosion in SA. Soil erosion rates from gullying and badlands are limited but suggest that it ranges between 30 and 123 t ha−1 yr−1 in the more prominent areas. These soil loss rates are comparable to global rates where gullying is concerned; moreover, they are up to four orders of magnitude higher than the estimated baseline erosion rate. On a national scale, the complexity of gullying is evident from the different temporal timings of (re)activation or stabilizing and different evolution rates. Continued efforts are required to understand the intricate interplay of human activities, climate, and preconditions determining soil erodibility. In SA, more medium‐ to long‐term studies are required to understand better how changing control factors affect gully evolution. More research is needed to implement and appraise mitigation measures, especially using indigenous knowledge. Establishing (semi)‐automated mapping procedures would aid in gully monitoring and assessing the effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures. More urgently, the expected changes in climate and land‐use necessitate further research on how environmental change affects short‐term gully erosion dynamics.
Kir4.1 is specifically expressed and active in non‐myelinating Schwann cells
Authors: Procacci Nicole M. , Hastings Robert Louis , Aziz Aamir A. , Christiansen Nina M. , Zhao Jie , DeAngeli Claire , LeBlanc Normand , Notterpek Lucia , Valdez Gregorio , Gould Thomas W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNon‐myelinating Schwann cells (NMSC) play important roles in peripheral nervous system formation and function. However, the molecular identity of these cells remains poorly defined. We provide evidence that Kir4.1, an inward‐rectifying K+ channel encoded by the KCNJ10 gene, is specifically expressed and active in NMSC. Immunostaining revealed that Kir4.1 is present in terminal/perisynaptic SCs (TPSC), synaptic glia at neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), but not in myelinating SCs (MSC) of adult mice. To further examine the expression pattern of Kir4.1, we generated BAC transgenic Kir4.1‐CreERT2 mice and crossed them to the tdTomato reporter line. Activation of CreERT2 with tamoxifen after the completion of myelination onset led to robust expression of tdTomato in NMSC, including Remak Schwann cells (RSC) along peripheral nerves and TPSC, but not in MSC. In contrast, activating CreERT2 before and during the onset of myelination led to tdTomato expression in NMSC and MSC. These observations suggest that immature SC express Kir4.1, and its expression is then downregulated selectively in myelin‐forming SC. In support, we found that while activating CreERT2 induces tdTomato expression in immature SC, it fails to induce tdTomato in MSC associated with sensory axons in culture. NMSC derived from neonatal sciatic nerve were shown to express Kir4.1 and exhibit barium‐sensitive inwardly rectifying macroscopic K+ currents. Thus, this study identified Kir4.1 as a potential modulator of immature SC and NMSC function. Additionally, it established a novel transgenic mouse line to introduce or delete genes in NMSC.
Surface integrity modification ofCoCrMoalloy by deep rolling in combination with sub‐zero cooling as potential implant application
Authors: Döring Joachim , Basten Stephan , Ecke Martin , Herbster Maria , Kirsch Benjamin , Halle Thorsten , Lohmann Christoph H. , Bertrand Jessica , Aurich Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlloys made of CoCrMo are well established as implants materials since decades in orthopedic surgery. The good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and especially the corrosion resistance are important rationales for the use of these alloys. Nevertheless, retrieved implants from revision surgery showed the occurrence of abrasion and corrosion. The wear mechanisms and the occurring corrosion processes might be reduced with a functionalization of the surface. The hexagonal phase of the cobalt chromium matrix plays an important role in the surface functionalization. It can be specifically transformed and set during the manufacturing process. One possibility for the induction of the transformation is the use of a deep rolling process in combination with a novel “sub‐zero” cooling strategy during machining. The influence of force and temperature during the deep rolling process on the formation of the hexagonal Co‐phase is examined in this study. The results from the targeted setting of the hexagonal Co‐phase in the subsurface are shown. For this purpose, EBSD studies have been carried out to detect and quantify the proportion of Co‐hex phase in the subsurface of the modified alloys. To analyze the mechanical properties, we measured the residual stress and hardness in the near surface layer under conditions close to the application. Furthermore, we performed biological tests to show a potential influence of the modification on the biocompatibility when using the sub‐zero cooling approach. We observed no negative effect on the osteoblastic cell line which attached similarly to all tested surfaces. The investigations provide first insights into the potential use of “sub‐zero” cooling in modifying orthopedic implant materials, but also the respective limits with regard to the surface functionalization. Deep rolling in combination with an innovative cooling strategy has a great potential to improve the mechanical properties of CoCr28Mo6 wrought alloy, by subsurface hardening and phase transformation.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection activates CREB/CBP in cellular cyclic AMP‐dependent pathways
Authors: Yang Qi , Tang Jielin , Cao Juan , Liu Fengjiang , Fu Muqing , Xue Bao , Zhou Anqi , Chen Sijie , Liu Junjun , Zhou Yuan , Shi Yongxia , Peng Wei , Chen Xinwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of individuals. However, the host‐virus interactions still need further investigation to reveal the underling mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. Here, transcriptomics analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection highlighted possible correlation between host‐associated signaling pathway and virus. In detail, cAMP‐protein kinase (PKA) pathway has an essential role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, followed by the interaction between cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and CREB‐binding protein (CBP) could be induced and leading to the enhancement of CREB/CBP transcriptional activity. The replication of Delta and Omicron BA.5 were inhibited by about 49.4% and 44.7% after knockdown of CREB and CBP with small interfering RNAs, respectively. Furthermore, a small organic molecule naphthol AS‐E (nAS‐E), which targets on the interaction between CREB and CBP, potently inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type (WT) infection with comparable the half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) 1.04 μM to Remdesivir 0.57 μM. Compared with WT virus, EC50 in Calu‐3 cells against Delta, Omicron BA.2, and Omicron BA.5 were, on average, 1.5‐fold, 1.1‐fold, and 1.5‐fold higher, respectively, nAS‐E had a satisfied antiviral effect against Omicron variants. Taken together, our study demonstrated the importance of CREB/CBP induced by cAMP‐PKA pathway during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and further provided a novel CREB/CBP interaction therapeutic drug targets for COVID‐19.
Nutrient function over form: Organic and inorganic nitrogen additions have similar effects on lake phytoplankton nutrient limitation
Authors: Volponi Sabrina N. , Wander Heather L. , Richardson David C. , Williams Clayton J. , Bruesewitz Denise A. , Arnott Shelley , Brentrup Jennifer A. , Edwards Hailee L. , Ewing Holly A. , Holeck Kristen , Johnson Lauren , Kim Brian S. , Morales‐Williams Ana M. , Nadkarni Nisha , Norman Beth C. , Parmalee Lianne , Shultis Amy , Tracy Adrienne , Ward Nicole K. , Weathers Kathleen C. , Wigdahl‐Perry Courtney R. , Yokota Kiyoko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is increasing in many northern hemisphere lakes, yet its use by phytoplankton and fate in the environment seldom have been quantified. We conducted 1 week, in situ, microcosm incubations across 25 lakes in northeastern North America to understand how DON, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (P) affected phytoplankton biomass. In addition, we tested whether lakes were limited by single macronutrients (N or P) or colimited by both. Phytoplankton biomass in 80% of lakes responded similarly to DON and DIN additions. Of the lakes where N form produced differential responses, the majority of phytoplankton communities exhibited greater biomass accumulation with DON than DIN. Colimitation was the most common type of nutrient limitation among the study lakes, followed by P limitation. Limitation type shifted with N form in 40% of the study lakes, but without consistent patterns explaining how shifts occurred. Regardless of N form, lakes with watersheds more dominated by agriculture and higher total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) tended to show P‐limited phytoplankton responses, while lakes with less agricultural watersheds and lower TDN tended to show colimited phytoplankton responses. Finally, ambient TDN and total phosphorus (TP) nutrient concentrations were stronger predictors of limitation type than ambient TDN : TP ratios. The different contributions of DON and DIN to phytoplankton biomass in some of our study lakes suggest that DON loading from surrounding watersheds may be an overlooked component in predicting phytoplankton productivity and nutrient limitation dynamics in freshwater ecosystems.
Strain‐Enhanced Photovoltaic Effect in MoTe2
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Shehzad Muhammad Arslan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe recent development of two‐dimensional (2D) materials has demonstrated that by using the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals lacking inversion symmetry, it is possible to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit. So far, the exploration of 2D p–n junction designs have recently been extensively investigated. However, the mechanism of BPVE differs from traditional p–n junction‐based photovoltaics in 2D materials. This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of the bulk photovoltaic effect in 1T′‐MoTe2. The measured intensity dependence Voc and Isc display a direct relationship to the incident light (power: 20 to 120 W cm−2; wavelengths: 400, 450, 500 nm). In 1T′‐MoTe2 nanoflakes on flexible polyimide, astrain‐enhanced BPVE is seen, producing a BPVE response of 3.60 mV. In addition, the BPVE tensor value increased from 259 to 527 A W−1 for unstrained 1T′‐MoTe2 while it increased from 467 to 882 A W−1 for strained 1T′‐MoTe2 as the wavelength decreased from 500 to 400 nm. The results show a new way to improve the efficiency of turning energy into electricity in new optoelectronic materials.
Multicolor Mechanochromic Epoxy Thermosets That Recognize the Intensity, Type, and Duration of Mechanical Stimulation
Authors: Lai Yingsheng , Li Jiajun , Chen Mao , Wu Yeping , Zhang Yinyu , Zhao Xiuli , Chen Zhongtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMechanochromic polymers that exhibit multiple color changes under external mechanical stimulation show great potential for sensor applications. Herein, an epoxy thermoset that can reveal the intensity, type, and duration of mechanical stimulation via a combination of disulfide (DS) and rhodamine (Rh) mechanochromophores is reported. A unique multicolor transition occurs upon ball mill or manual grinding because of the different activation energies of DS and Rh. The epoxy changes color depending on the ball mill grinding duration. Simultaneous activation occurs with a mechanochromic time lag between DS and Rh, and the collision energy strongly affects the relative intensity. A more dramatic multicolor response is observed using a mortar and pestle, as sequential activation occurs upon gentle and strong grinding. Various types of mechanical stimulation can cause different aggregates of the activated Rh moiety and vary the relative mechanosensitivities of Rh and DS, which lead to a different color response.
Design of miniaturized tri‐band antenna based on differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Fertas Fouad , Fertas Khelil , Denidni Tayeb A. , Challal Mouloud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel highly miniaturized triple band structure based on Z‐slots‐shaped antenna is presented in this letter, with only 0.0015 footprint, where is the free space wavelength at 1.3 GHz. The proposed design can generates three resonant frequency bands (1.3–1.62 GHz), (2.22–2.59 GHz), and (3.24–3.65 GHz) with −10 dB reflection coefficient, a triple band function is achieved by etching tow connected Z‐shaped‐slots in the radiating element and the differential evolution algorithm is then used to control the currents path, the prototype of the proposed antenna is printed on a single substrate layer and fed via coplanar waveguide CPW technology. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement, and validate the design principle, the results show that the antenna has a compact size (19.5 × 17.6 mm2), aside from its planar design, simple manufacturing, and low cost to fabricate, this antenna exhibits stable omnidirectional radiation patterns in E plane as well as bidirectional radiation patterns in H plane, making it an ideal device for multiband applications.
Mixed‐mode delamination of layered structures modeled as Timoshenko beams with linked interpolation
Authors: Ranjbar Maedeh , Škec Leo , Jelenić Gordan , Ribarić Dragan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, a finite‐element formulation for modeling mixed‐mode delamination in layered structures, consisting of two‐node Timoshenko beam finite elements with quadratic linked interpolation and corresponding 4‐node interface elements is presented and compared to a more common approach where linear Lagrange interpolation is used. The principal novelty of the proposed approach is that the vertical displacements of the beam elements, as well as the transversal relative displacements of the interface elements, are interpolated using a quadratic linked interpolation that also takes into account the nodal cross‐sectional rotations of the beam elements. At the same time, the axial displacements and cross‐sectional rotations are interpolated using linear Lagrange polynomials. A bilinear cohesive zone model is embedded in the interface finite elements for delamination modes I and II. Numerical analyses based on the examples from the literature with metal joints show that the formulation with quadratic linked interpolation improves the convergence and robustness of the solution with respect to the approach with linear interpolation. On the other hand, in case of composites with stiff adhesives this formulation exhibits a peculiar behavior with spurious oscillations of the normal interface tractions that leads to a poor performance in mode‐I and mixed‐mode tests. This problem can be easily solved by canceling the quadratic term in the interpolation function and using the standard Lagrange interpolation in such cases.
A sufficient condition for optimal control problem of fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic systems with jumps: A state‐constrained control approach
Authors: Yang Hyun Jong , Moon Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the stochastic optimal control problem for fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with jump diffusions. A major technical challenge of such problems arises from the dependence of the (forward) diffusion term on the backward SDE and the presence of jump diffusions. Previously, this class of problems has been solved via only the stochastic maximum principle, which guarantees only the necessary condition of optimality and requires identifying unknown parameters in the corresponding variational inequality. Our paper provides an alternative approach, which constitutes the sufficient condition for optimality. Specifically, the original fully coupled FBSDE control problem (referred to as (P)) is converted into the terminal state‐constrained forward stochastic control problem (referred to as ) that includes additional (possibly unbounded) control variables. Then is solved via the backward reachability analysis, by which the value function of is expressed as the zero‐level set of the value function for the auxiliary unconstrained (forward) control problem (referred to as ). Unlike ), is an unconstrained problem, which includes additional control variables as a consequence of the martingale representation theorem. We show that the value function for is the unique viscosity solution to the associated integro‐type Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation. The viscosity solution analysis presented in our paper requires a new technique due to additional control variables in the Hamiltonian maximization and the presence of the nonlocal integral operator in terms of the (singular) Lévy measure. To solve the original problem (P), we reverse our approach. Specifically, we first solve to obtain the value function using the verification theorem and the viscosity solution of the HJB equation. Then is solved by characterizing the zero‐level set of the value function of , from which the optimal solution of (P) can be constructed. To illustrate the theoretical results of this paper, applications to the linear‐quadratic problem for fully coupled FBSDEs with jumps are also presented.
The effect of pore size and layout on mechanical and biological properties of 3D‐printed bone scaffolds with gradient porosity
Authors: Karimi Mahsa , Asadi‐Eydivand Mitra , Abolfathi Nabiollah , Chehrehsaz Yalda , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe design of porous gradient scaffolds for bone tissue engineering scaffolds is a relatively new approach. This strategy is based on imitating bone tissue in order to stimulate enhanced cellular responses. An additive manufacturing (AM) method, such as the fused filament fabrication (FFF) system, provides precise and repeatable pore size control. FFF is a well‐known AM manufacturing process for producing high‐quality parts at a low cost. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) and variable hydroxyapatite (HA) amounts were fed into a FFF printer to print four scaffold designs with different porosity gradients. These porous gradient scaffolds were constructed using simple (Si) and shifting (Sh) models, with gradient pore diameters ranging from 400–600 to 400–800 μm. The specimens featured thicker walls but more open cores. The scaffolds' structural, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated. The results showed that higher gradient porosity and larger pore size led to better biological results, but lower mechanical strength resulted. Furthermore, adding HA increased mechanical strength from 81.8% to 100% and enhanced cellular response. In all scaffolds, an increase in porosity and a decrease in density led to a reduction in compressive strength. The toxicity of the samples and cellular adhesion was evaluated using MTT and DAPI tests on hFOB (human Fetal OsteoBlastic) cells. Alkaline phosphatase and Red Alizarin analyses demonstrated an increase in mineralization as HA content increased.
Photoresponsive thiourea and urea catalysts for ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide
Authors: Cai Wen , Zheng Shengquan , Pang Wenmin , Si Guifu , Tan Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStimulus responsive catalysts have received increasing attention. Photoresponsive catalytic polymerization is particularly attractive because the noninvasive and versatile nature of light. Most photoresponsive ROP catalytic systems exhibit low activities, allowing ROP to be completed within several hours to 10 h. In this contribution, a series of (thio)ureas bearing dithienylcyclopentene optical molecular switch moiety are designed, synthesized, and characterized. The photoresponsive effects in (thio)urea/alkoxide mediated ROP of L‐lactide are investigated. These catalysts allow the ROP reactions of L‐lactide to be completed within a few minutes to 1 h and the resulting polyesters have narrow molecular weight distributions. The dithienylcyclopentene moiety allows photoisomerization to be completed within 1 min. The catalytic activity of the ROP catalyst can be altered by the photoisomerization of the dithienyl cyclopentene moiety by exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, respectively.