bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Foodscape for Stream‐Dwelling Cutthroat Trout Reveals Spatial and Temporal Ranges of Resource Exploitation and Energy Intake
Authors: Owens Hope W. , Keeley Ernest R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFood availability is a primary factor limiting the abundance of wild populations, but quantifying it requires an understanding of when and where prey are vulnerable to predators. Salmonid fishes in streams are commonly thought to forage on drifting aquatic invertebrates during daylight hours. However, past studies also report benthic and nocturnal foraging despite the predominant view of salmonids as diurnal drift‐feeding predators. We used instream videography to assess foraging mode and energy intake for stream‐dwelling Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. We recorded the foraging behavior of wild fish with a waterproof video camera and estimated energy intake based on fish size, foraging rate, retention rate, and caloric values of prey. Fish captured prey primarily from the water column and surface, targeting drifting invertebrates during daytime hours; however, they also foraged from the stream benthos and during nighttime. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout foraging rate was most strongly related to foraging location in the stream, diel period, and month. Energy intake was highest from daytime drift‐foraging behavior and exceeded a modeled metabolic limit of food intake during October and November. Nocturnal and benthic foraging contributed the smallest proportion of total foraging attempts but was observed over all months of our study and sometimes comprised up to 30% of estimated energy intake. Our results indicate that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in streams acquire most of the food intake as daytime drift‐feeding predators.
Growing Up Korean Canadian in the Time of the Korean Wave
Authors: Yoon Kyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiasporic Korean youth in Canada grow up while realizing their cultural differences. Their awareness of difference often limits the scope of their possible lives. They internalize the White-dominant cultural frame that presents a view of themselves as the other. Young Korean Canadians feel that they are subject to (and have to be validated by) the dominant cultural norms of White Anglo groups at least for a period in their childhood, and later in life they develop more positive ethnic identification. As these young people grow up, they try to explore and negotiate their ethnic options and what it means to be KoreanandCanadian. In this process of growing up, transnational Korean media offers the diasporic Korean youth cultural resources for exploring who they are in between different identity positions.
Die Bedeutung der FMS und des Gymnasiums als PH-Zubringer: Bildungsverläufe und Zusammensetzung der PH-Studierendenschaft
Authors: Hafner Sandra 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Zusammensetzung der PH-Studierendenschaft und mit Bildungsverläufen von Absolvierenden der FMS und des Gymnasiums mit Fokus auf die Primarlehrpersonenbildung. Auf Basis aktueller Studierendenzahlen wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Anteile an PH-Studierenden mit einer Fachmaturität oder einer gymnasialen Maturität (ohne Fokus auf ein pädagogisches Profil) im PH-Studiengang Primarstufe seit Einführung der Fachmaturität Pädagogik entwickelt haben und inwiefern hier kantonale Unterschiede ausgemacht werden können. Ebenso werden basierend auf Bildungsverlaufsdaten die Übertrittsquoten von Absolvierenden der FMS und des Gymnasiums in die Primarlehrpersonenbildung im Allgemeinen sowie der FMS Pädagogik und des musisch-pädagogischen Gymnasialprofils im Besonderen dargestellt.
Higher-order non-global logarithms from jet calculus
Authors: Banfi Andrea , Dreyer Frédéric A. , Monni Pier Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-global QCD observables are characterised by a sensitivity to the full angular distribution of soft radiation emitted coherently in hard scattering processes. This complexity poses a challenge to their all-order resummation, that was formulated at the leading-logarithmic order about two decades ago. In this article we present a solution to the long-standing problem of their resummation beyond this order, and carry out the first complete next-to-leading logarithmic calculation for non-global observables. This is achieved by solving numerically the recently derived set of non-linear differential equations which describe the evolution of soft radiation in the planar, large-Nc limit. As a case study we address the calculation of the transverse energy distribution in the interjet rapidity region in e+e−→ dijet production. The calculation is performed by means of an algorithm that we formulate in the language of jet-calculus generating functionals, which also makes the resummation technique applicable to more general non-global problems, such as those that arise in hadronic collisions. We find that NLL corrections are substantial and their inclusion leads to a significant reduction of the perturbative scale uncertainties for these observables. The computer code used in the calculations is made publicly available.
Strategies of preserving genetic diversity while maximizing genetic response from implementing genomic selection in pulse breeding programs
Authors: Li Yongjun , Kaur Sukhjiwan , Pembleton Luke W. , Valipour-Kahrood Hossein , Rosewarne Garry M. , Daetwyler Hans D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Key message
Genomic selection maximizes genetic gain by recycling parents to germplasm pool earlier and preserves genetic diversity by restricting the number of fixed alleles and the relationship in pulse breeding programs.

Abstract
Using a stochastic computer simulation, we investigated the benefit of optimization strategies in the context of genomic selection (GS) for pulse breeding programs. We simulated GS for moderately complex to highly complex traits such as disease resistance, grain weight and grain yield in multiple environments with a high level of genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield. GS led to higher genetic gain per unit of time and higher genetic diversity loss than phenotypic selection by shortening the breeding cycle time. The genetic gain obtained from selecting the segregating parents early in the breeding cycle (at F1 or F2 stages) was substantially higher than selecting at later stages even though prediction accuracy was moderate. Increasing the number of F1 intercross (F1i) families and keeping the total number of progeny of F1i families constant, we observed a decrease in genetic gain and increase in genetic diversity, whereas increasing the number of progeny per F1i family while keeping a constant number of F1i families increased the rate of genetic gain and had higher genetic diversity loss per unit of time. Adding 50 F2 family phenotypes to the training population increased the accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) and genetic gain per year and decreased the rate of genetic diversity loss. Genetic diversity could be preserved by applying a strategy that restricted both the percentage of alleles fixed and the average relationship of the group of selected parents to preserve long-term genetic improvement in the pulse breeding program.
Mortality trends in type 1 diabetes: a multicountry analysis of six population-based cohorts
Authors: Ruiz Paz L. D. , Chen Lei , Morton Jedidiah I. , Salim Agus , Carstensen Bendix , Gregg Edward W. , Pavkov Meda E. , Mata-Cases Manel , Mauricio Didac , Nichols Gregory A. , Pildava Santa , Read Stephanie H. , Wild Sarah H. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Mortality has declined in people with type 1 diabetes in recent decades. We examined how the pattern of decline differs by country, age and sex, and how mortality trends in type 1 diabetes relate to trends in general population mortality.

Methods
We assembled aggregate data on all-cause mortality during the period 2000–2016 in people with type 1 diabetes aged 0–79 years from Australia, Denmark, Latvia, Scotland, Spain (Catalonia) and the USA (Kaiser Permanente Northwest). Data were obtained from administrative sources, health insurance records and registries. All-cause mortality rates in people with type 1 diabetes, and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing type 1 diabetes with the non-diabetic population, were modelled using Poisson regression, with age and calendar time as quantitative variables, describing the effects using restricted cubic splines with six knots for age and calendar time. Mortality rates were standardised to the age distribution of the aggregate population with type 1 diabetes.

Results
All six data sources showed a decline in age- and sex-standardised all-cause mortality rates in people with type 1 diabetes from 2000 to 2016 (or a subset thereof), with annual changes in mortality rates ranging from −2.1% (95% CI −2.8%, −1.3%) to −5.8% (95% CI −6.5%, −5.1%). All-cause mortality was higher for male individuals and for older individuals, but the rate of decline in mortality was generally unaffected by sex or age. SMR was higher in female individuals than male individuals, and appeared to peak at ages 40–70 years. SMR declined over time in Denmark, Scotland and Spain, while remaining stable in the other three data sources.

Conclusions/interpretation
All-cause mortality in people with type 1 diabetes has declined in recent years in most included populations, but improvements in mortality relative to the non-diabetic population are less consistent.

Graphical abstract
Quantifying within-group variation in sociality—covariation among metrics and patterns across primate groups and species
Authors: Schülke Oliver , Anzà Simone , Crockford Catherine , De Moor Delphine , Deschner Tobias , Fichtel Claudia , Gogarten Jan F. , Kappeler Peter M. , Manin Virgile , Müller-Klein Nadine , Prox Lea , Sadoughi Baptiste , Touitou Sonia , Wittig Roman M. , Ostner Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has long been recognized that the patterning of social interactions within a group can give rise to a social structure that holds very different places for different individuals. Such within-group variation in sociality correlates with fitness proxies in fish, birds, and mammals. Broader integration of this research has been hampered by the lack of agreement on how to integrate information from a plethora of dyadic interactions into individual-level metrics. As a step towards standardization, we collected comparative data on affinitive and affiliative interactions from multiple groups each of five species of primates to assess whether the same aspects of sociality are measured by different metrics and indices. We calculated 16 different sociality metrics used in previous research and thought to represent three different sociality concepts. We assessed covariation of metrics within groups and then summarized covariation patterns across all 15 study groups, which varied in size from 5 to 41 adults. With some methodological and conceptual caveats, we found that the number of weak ties individuals formed within their groups represented a dimension of sociality that was largely independent from the overall number of ties as well as from the number and strength of the strong ties they formed. Metrics quantifying indirect connectedness exhibited strong covariation with strong tie metrics and thus failed to capture a third aspect of sociality. Future research linking affiliation and affinity to fitness or other individual level outcomes should quantify inter-individual variation in three aspects: the overall number of ties, the number of weak ties, and the number or strength of strong ties individuals form, after taking into account effects of social network density.Significance statementIn recent years, long-term studies of individually known animals have revealed strong correlations between individual social bonds and social integration, on the one hand, and reproductive success and survival on the other hand, suggesting strong natural selection on affiliative and affinitive behavior within groups. It proved difficult to generalize from these studies because they all measured sociality in slightly different ways. Analyzing covariation between 16 previously used metrics identified only three rather independent dimensions of variation. Thus, different studies have tapped into the same biological phenomenon. How individuals are weakly connected within their group needs further attention.
Associations of specific types of fruit and vegetables with perceived stress in adults: the AusDiab study
Authors: Radavelli-Bagatini Simone , Sim Marc , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Bondonno Nicola P. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Woodman Richard , Dickson Joanne M. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Daly Robin M. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Lewis Joshua R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Higher total fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes have been associated with lower perceived stress. The relationship between specific types of FV and perceived stress remains uncertain. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between consumption of specific types of FV with perceived stress in a population-based cohort of men and women aged ≥ 25 years from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study.

Methods
Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (n = 8,640). Perceived stress was evaluated using a validated Perceived Stress Questionnaire, with values ranging 0–1 (lowest to highest). High perceived stress cut-offs of ≥0.34 for men and ≥0.39 for women were obtained from the highest quartile of the perceived stress score for each sex. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations.

Results
The mean age of participants (50.1% females) was 47.8 (SD 15) years. Persons in the highest, versus lowest, quartiles of apples and pears, orange and other citrus, and banana intakes had a significantly lower odds (24–31%) of having high perceived stress. Similarly, persons with higher intakes of cruciferous, yellow/orange/red, and legume vegetables had significantly lower odds (25–27%) of having high perceived stress.

Conclusion
In Australian adults, a higher consumption of apples and pears, oranges and other citrus, and bananas, as well as cruciferous, yellow/orange/red, and legume vegetables were associated with lower odds of having high perceived stress. The recommendations of “eating a rainbow” of colours may assist in preventing and/or reducing perceived stress.
Decline in the number of patients with meningitis in German hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Völk Stefanie , Pfirrmann Markus , Koedel Uwe , Pfister Hans-Walter , Lang Thomas , Scheibe Franziska , Salih Farid , Herzig-Nichtweiss Julia , Zimmermann Julian , Alonso Angelika , Wittstock Matthias , Totzeck Andreas , Schramm Patrick , Schirotzek Ingo , Onur Oezguer A. , Pelz Johann Otto , Ottomeyer Caroline , Luger Sebastian , Barlinn Kristian , Binder Tobias , Wöbker Gabriele , Reimann Gernot , Urbanek Christian , Heckelmann Jan , Lochner Piergiorgio , Berghoff Martin , Schönenberger Silvia , Neumann Bernhard , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Dohmen Christian , Huttner Hagen B. , Günther Albrecht , Klein Matthias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
In 2020, a wide range of hygiene measures was implemented to mitigate infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In consequence, pulmonary infections due to other respiratory pathogens also decreased. Here, we evaluated the number of bacterial and viral meningitis and encephalitis cases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods
In a multicentre retrospective analysis of data from January 2016 until December 2020, numbers of patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis and other types of CNS infections (such as viral meningitis and encephalitis) at 26 German hospitals were studied. Furthermore, the number of common meningitis-preceding ear-nose-throat infections (sinusitis, mastoiditis and otitis media) was evaluated.

Results
Compared to the previous years, the total number of patients diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis was reduced (n = 64 patients/year in 2020 vs. n = 87 to 120 patients/year between 2016 and 2019, all p < 0.05). Additionally, the total number of patients diagnosed with otolaryngological infections was significantly lower (n = 1181 patients/year in 2020 vs. n = 1525 to 1754 patients/year between 2016 and 2019, all p < 0.001). We also observed a decline in viral meningitis and especially enterovirus meningitis (n = 25 patients/year in 2020 vs. n = 97 to 181 patients/year between 2016 and 2019, all p < 0.001).

Discussion
This multicentre retrospective analysis demonstrates a decline in the number of patients treated for viral and pneumococcal meningitis as well as otolaryngological infections in 2020 compared to previous years. Since the latter often precedes pneumococcal meningitis, this may point to the significance of the direct spread of pneumococci from an otolaryngological focus such as mastoiditis to the brain as one important pathophysiological route in the development of pneumococcal meningitis.
Increased trunk movements in people with hereditary spastic paraplegia: do these involve balance correcting strategies?
Authors: van de Venis Lotte , Weerdesteyn Vivian , Konijnenburg Aletta , van de Warrenburg Bart P. C. , Geurts Alexander C. H. , Nonnekes Jorik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by a bilaterally spastic gait pattern. During gait, increased trunk movements are often observed. People with HSP likely generate trunk movements to improve foot clearance and step length, but there may be additional explanations. Here, we investigate whether there is an association between reduced balance performance and increased trunk movements, as an increase in trunk movements may partly reflect balance correcting strategies.

Methods
We analyzed an historic cohort of 86 people with HSP who underwent gait analysis and balance examination. Two researchers reviewed gait analyses videos and classified the observed trunk movement as (1) normal, (2) moderately increased, or (3) markedly increased, and categorized participants as ‘toe walkers’ (yes/no). Balance performance and spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected from the medical files. Parameters were compared between people with normal vs. moderately increased trunk movements, moderately vs. markedly increased trunk movements, and normal vs. markedly increased trunk movements.

Results
Patients with moderately increased trunk movements during gait scored lower on the Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.002) and/or the Mini Balance Evaluation Test (p = 0.043) than patients with normal trunk movements. Likewise, patients with markedly increased trunk movements performed worse on the BBS (p = 0.037) and/or the Mini-BESTest (p = 0.004) than patients with moderately increased trunk movements. Patients with markedly increased trunk movements were more often toe walkers than patients with moderately increased (68% vs. 6%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We found an association between increased trunk movements and reduced balance capacity. This may have several—not mutually exclusive—explanations. One of these explanations is that trunk movements, at least partly, reflect balance correcting strategies. With the disease progression, ankle strategies and foot placement strategies become impaired and insufficient to restore balance after intrinsic perturbations. Hip strategies are then potentially recruited to maintain balance, resulting in increased trunk movements.
C-reactive protein identifies patients at risk of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage
Authors: Vilhav C. , Fagman J. B. , Holmberg E. , Naredi P. , Engström C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage grade C (PPH C) is a dreaded complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with high mortality rate. Concurrent risk factors for PPH C have been difficult to recognize. Connection between postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) and PPH C is well known, but POPF is often unknown prior to the PPH. The aim of this retrospective study was to define potential predictive factors for PPH C.

Methods
Retrospectively, 517 patients who underwent PD between 2003 and 2018 were included in the study. Twenty-three patients with PPH C were identified, and a matched control group of 92 patients was randomly selected. Preoperative data (body mass index, cardiovascular disease, history of abdominal surgery, biliary stent, C-reactive protein (CRP), ASA-score), perioperative data (bleeding, pancreatic anastomosis, operation time), and postoperative data (CRP, drain amylase, POPF, biliary fistula) were analyzed as potential predictors of PPH C.

Results
High postoperative CRP (median 140 mg/L on day 5 or 6) correlated with the development of PPH C (p < 0.05). Postoperative drain amylase levels were not clinically relevant for occurrence of PPH C. Grade C POPF or biliary leak was observed in the majority of the PPH C patients, but the leaking anastomoses were not detected before the bleeding started.

Discussion
High postoperative CRP levels are related to an increased risk of PPH C.
Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis
Authors: Vekszler György , Granner Matthias , Nebot Valenzuela Elena , Winter Eduard , Dockner Martin , Weber Gerhard W. , Pretterklieber Michael , Teschler-Nicola Maria , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: March 2022

SummaryTuberculosis is among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases and affects many organ systems, including the skeleton. Skeletal tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary stage of tuberculosis, which occurs after the early and post-primary pulmonary stages of the disease. The aim of our study was to assess the microarchitecture of historic dry bone samples of subjects who have died of tuberculosis documented by post-mortem examinations. These preparations date to the pre-antibiotic era, and were provided by the Pathological-Anatomical Collection in the “Fools Tower” of the Natural History Museum Vienna (PASiN-NHM).We investigated macerated samples of 20 vertebral bodies, 19 femoral heads, and 20 tibiae of a total of 59 individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis from the nineteenth and early twentieth century. 10 femora and 10 tibiae from body donors that did not exhibit signs of infection and 10 (unaffected) vertebrae kept at the PASiN-NHM were studied as controls. The affected regions of the bone samples (and the corresponding regions of the control bones) were analyzed by microcomputed tomography using a Viscom X 8060 II system. Obtained images were analyzed semi-quantitatively. In samples with tuberculosis, independent of the investigated skeletal region, trabecular defects and decreased trabecular thickness were observed. Cortical porosity was seen in affected vertebrae and tibia; in tuberculous tibiae (but not in the femora) cortical thickness was decreased. In half of the individuals, cortical sclerosis was present; signs of ankylosis were observed mainly at the femoral heads affected with tuberculosis. We conclude that a combination of several alterations at the trabecular compartment could be suggestive of the presence of tuberculosis in historic skeletal remains.