bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of covid-19 on quality of life in COVID recovered patients: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Chaudhary Jigna , Shah Sarfraznawaz F 
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has affected India to a great extent. Till date total of 3.30 crore peoples has been cured and discharged and 44.6 lakh are died due to covid -19 in India. COVID-19 has a long-term systemic effect on lungs, liver, spleen, anxiety and depression and persistence of inflammatory response even after getting cured or COVID negative. Which may affect quality of life. So, there is a need to evaluate quality of life in post COVID patients.A cross-sectional study was conducted on the 100 COVID-19 recovered Participants. Participants were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criterion. Basic assessment of symptom history, medical history and hospitalisation was done by investigator. A quality of life was evaluated using short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36). Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel-2019.A total of 100 participants 61% were male and 39% were female participants. We found that general health component was greatly affected with 68.50%. Following general health emotional well-being (69.68%), social functioning (68.14), pain (64.38%), limitation due to emotional problems (64.19%), energy/fatigue (63.3%), limitation due to physical health (59.61) and physical functioning (48.27%) were affected.We found that there was mild – moderate affection in quality of life in covid recovered subjects. There was more affection in quality of life in participants with other comorbidities. We also found that there were persistence of breathlessness and fatigue after recovery.
Quality of life among caregivers of thalassaemic children, attending at Thalassaemia control unit of a rural tertiary care hospital, in a sub-Himalayan district of West Bengal
Authors: Saha Tushar Kanti , Bhandari Kallol , Gazi Eashin , Rout Arup Jyoti , Dasgupta Samir 
Published: January 2022

Thalassaemia is a disease of abnormal development of red blood cells which manifests as anaemia. This chronic disease may cause mental, social, financial burdens on the families, care givers and also on health care system.To assess the quality of life (QOL) of the caregivers of thalassaemic children and to identify the predictors of quality of their physical and mental health.Institution based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Thalassaemia Control Unit (TCU) of North Bengal Medical College (NBMC) from December 2018 to April 2019. Total 136 caregivers of children (≤12 years) with thalassaemia were included by complete enumeration method. Physical and mental health of the caregivers were reported in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Collected data were entered into MS-Excel, analysed with the help of SPSS (Version 22).Mean age of caregivers was 34.3 (SD ± 1.4 years). Most of caregivers were female (89%) and had educational qualification up to Primary school (45.6%). Majority (70.6%) of the caregivers were the mothers of the children. Most of the study participants (60.3%) had favourable Physical health Component Summary (PCS) but 64.7% of the caregivers had unfavourable Mental health component Summary (MCS). Educational status was found to be the predictor for PCS but age and relationship with the child were the predictors for MCS.Counselling, psychotherapy, social support for family members or caregivers of the thalassaemic children and community involvement with their full participation should be emphasized to reduce stigma related to thalassaemia.
Study of Seroprevalence of SARS CoV2 antibodies in children in a diagnostic centre of Central India-a retrospective study
Authors: Hawaldar Ranjana , Sodani Sadhna , Sodani Varsha , Sodani R K 
Published: January 2022

It is said that children are less affected by SARSCoV2 infection because of their young immune system, so they have relatively milder symptoms as compared to adults. So the true incidence of SARSCoV2 is not known in this age group. Serosurveys in the paediatric age group can give a much better estimate of the incidence of SARSCoV2 infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic childrenThe present study was undertaken to study the seroprevalence of SARSCoV2 antibodies in children below 18 years of age, by measuring the S1RBD domain of spike protein neutralizing IgG antibody levels.This was a retrospective study carried out from August 2020 to August 2021 in a private diagnostic centre of Central India. 539 children of both genders from newborn babies upto 18 years of age were included in the study. US FDA Emergency Use Authorized [EUA], Atellica Solution SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay that detects anti S1-RBD antibodies including neutralizing IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was used for antibody estimation. Antibody level ≥1 was termed reactive or seropositive and below 1 were considered to be non reactive or seroneagtive There were 321 males and 218 females with a male to female ratio of 1.47 :1. 57% male children were seropositive while 61.9% female children showed seropositivity with an overall positivity rate of 58.99%.The findings of our study suggest that chidren below 5 years and adolescents exhibit higher antibody responses as compared to children between 5-10 years of age. The results of our study would be of help in formulating surveillance and vaccination strategies for children and in implementing public safety guidelines.
Vulnerability Analysis against Natural and Technological Threats: A Comparative Assessment in Tehran Metropolis Gas Supply Network
Authors: SHOJA ESMAEIL , CHERAGHALI MOHAMMAD HASSAN , REZGHI ROSTAMI ALIREZA , DERAKHSHANI ALIREZA 
Published: January 2022

Resilience as a counterpoint to vulnerability can reduce the vulnerability of various natural, man-made, and technological threats in complex technical systems. The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of comparative assessment of the vulnerability of a gas supply network to natural and technological threats. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in Tehran metropolis gas supply network including town board stations, gas supply, and distribution networks in 2019-2020. The study was based on the vulnerability analysis method including three factors of likelihood, severity of consequences, and the degree of preparedness for threats. Comparative vulnerability assessment in these three sections of the gas supply network was performed using IBM SPSS software v. 23.0. Out of eleven identified hazardous elements, the vulnerability index for three hazardous elements was estimated as a weak level threat; four hazardous elements as a medium level threat and the vulnerability index for four hazards were evaluated as a severe threat. The results of comparative vulnerability assessment based on three parts of gas supply network showed that the highest vulnerabilities related to the gas distribution network (133.66±24.63), gas supply network (115.0±35.35), and town board stations (79.49±68.51. In addition, the results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the vulnerability difference in these three sections was not significant (p>0.05). The findings of the comparative assessment of vulnerability between different parts of the gas supply network including town board stations (TBS), gas supply and distribution network indicated that the resilience of these parts is relatively low and requires special attention in order to reduce vulnerability in Tehran metropolis gas supply network.
Advanced Materials in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sahajwani Ritika , Srivastava Manish , Srivastava Anamika , Parashar Chanchal , Singh Agrima , Kaur Prabhjot , Dwivedi Jaya 
Published: January 2022

The overview of this review article depends on the various techniques of formation of silver nanoparticles and different application take place in medicinal point of view.
The branch of nanotechnology plays an important role in medical science research. In this different nanoparticle is synthesized which have various application in gene delivery, drug delivery and reduce the toxic effect of drugs in the human body and also act as an antibacterial in pharmaceutical industries.
In recent days silver nanoparticles have had an important role due to their optical and catalytic properties. A large number of different particles or methods are used to prepare the different shapes of silver nanoparticles used in drug delivery. Different shapes of nanoparticles have increased their demand in various researches depend on medicinal uses. Silver nanoparticle preparation can be studied by 3 techniques related to irradiations, chemicals, bacteria, fungi, and plants.
Nanomedicine have a large number of advantages in treating various chronic diseases by using biological agents, chemotherapeutic agents, and used to deliver the drug to a specific site of the body. A silver nanoparticle is prepared for detection tool to detect the adverse effect of diseases on the target cell. Nanoparticles are used in cancer therapy to remove the damaged cell of the body.
LEITURA E REPRESENTAÇÃO DE UM DRAMA: o espaço no sistema de ensino
Authors: Reis Carlos 
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo parte de um testemunho pessoal e assume deliberadamente a literatura como campo de referências e de imagens. Acredita-se que se ela serve para alguma coisa será também para nos dar testemunhos em discurso ficcional, note-se, do que são e significam espaços, volições, representações e valores, em sinuosa conexão com a nossa vida e com o nosso trânsito social. A “leitura e representação de um drama” que aqui se desenvolve implica uma problematização do espaço em função de várias dimensões, variavelmente envolvidas em práticas de ensino. Numa acepção particular que merece especial atenção, os espaços do ensino são objetos de representações literárias, modelizando fraturas sociais, culturais, pedagógicas muito importantes, também por delas serem indissociáveis valores e atitudes ideológicas.Palavras-chave: literatura; espaço no sistema de ensino; representação.LECTURA Y REPRESENTACIÓN DE UN DRAMA: el espacio en el sistema de enseñanzaResumenEl presente artículo parte de un testimonio personal y asume deliberadamente la literatura como campo de referencias e imágenes. Se cree que, si sirve para algo, será también para darnos testimonios en discurso ficcional de lo que son y significan espacios, voluntades, representaciones y valores, en sinuosa conexión con nuestra vida y con nuestro tránsito social. La “lectura y representación de un drama”, que aquí se desarrolla, implica una problematización del espacio en función de diferentes dimensiones, variablemente relacionadas con prácticas de enseñanza. En una acepción particular que merece atención especial, los espacios de enseñanza son objetos de representaciones literarias, modelizando fracturas sociales, culturales y pedagógicas muy importantes, también porque son indisociables sus valores y actitudes ideológicas.Palabras clave: literatura; espacio en el sistema de enseñanza; representación.READING AND REPRESENTATION OF A DRAMA: space in the education systemAbstractThis article starts from a personal testimony and deliberately assumes literature as a field of references and images. It is believed that if it is somehow useful, it will also be to give us testimonies, in fictional discourse, of what spaces, volitions, representations and values are and mean, in a sinuous connection with our life and with our social transit. The “reading and representation of a drama” that is developed here implies a problematization of space in terms of several dimensions, which are variably involved in teaching practices. In a particular sense that deserves special attention, teaching spaces are objects of literary representations, modeling very important social, cultural and pedagogical fractures, also because they are inseparable from ideological values and attitudes.Keywords: literature; space in education system; representation.
Investigating Field Efficacy and Safety of Conjunctival Brucella abortus S19 Vaccine in Cattle
Authors: Gurbilek S. Erdenlig , Karagul M.S. , Saytekin A.M. , Baklan E.A. , Saglam G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Vaccination is the most fundamental strategy in the control and eradication of brucellosis. Several vaccination programs with different vaccines have been carried out in many countries in which brucellosis continues to be a problem in livestock. One of the recommended vaccines against brucellosis in cattle is the live Brucella abortus S19 vaccine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of field safety and efficacy trials for the conjunctival Brucella abortus S19 vaccine prior to the mass vaccination program. Methods: In this study, 81 female cattle were vaccinated with a reduced dose of Brucella abortus S19 vaccine with the conjunctival route. The immune response after vaccination was investigated by suggested serological tests; namely, Rose Bengal Plate Test, Serum Agglutination Test and Complement Fixation Test. Result: No adverse effect was observed within the scope of safety. Isolation of vaccine strain was observed only in a milk sample of lactating animals. Excluding the diagnosis criteria of the serological tests, humoral immune response was observed in most of the animals by all the serological tests one month after vaccination. Antibody levels lasted approximately 4 months after vaccination. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that besides vaccine-induced antibodies, the vaccine including changes in dose and administration way in this study did not cause any significant risks for the target animals.
Trend and dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America during the first wave
Authors: Cézar Renan Carrasco , Lira Mateus Lavor , Nogueira Matheus Gama , Freitas Bruno Araújo de , Damasceno Lisandra Serra 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the trend and dynamics of COVID-19 in LA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data published on the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization websites. Information was collected in three periods: 05/10/2020 (Period A), 06/19/2020 (Period B), and 07/20/2020 (Period C). Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: In Period A, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in LA had reached 284,521. In the second period, the number of cumulated cases was 1,958,180. In Period C, a total of 4,046,179 cases of COVID-19 had been notified. The highest prevalence and detection rates of COVID-19 in LA was reported in Chile, Panama, Peru, and Brazil. The mortality rate regarding new deaths in Period A was less than 60 deaths/106 habitants in all countries. However, in the second period, Ecuador (232 deaths/106 hab) presented the highest mortality rate. In Period C, the greatest rates were reported in Peru (297 deaths/106 hab) and Chile (248 deaths/106 hab). Brazil being accountable for the highest number of deaths in LA due to COVID-19. Conclusion: The trend and dynamics of COVID-19 spread in LA reveals the heterogeneous distribution and uncontrollability of the epidemic in several countries.
The emergence of virulence via the collective action of bacterial effectors
Authors: Guttman David ,   Tatiana Ruiz-Bedoya1, Wang Pauline , Desveaux Darrell 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Eukaryotes continuously interact with diverse microbial populations and communities, forming relationships spanning a continuum from beneficial to pathogenic. Pathogenic effectors are central to these associations since they directly target host cellular components to promote microbial fitness 1,2. Although effectors are necessary for virulence and well-studied from the context of single pathogenic strains 3,4, the extent to which they can modulate population or community dynamics is largely unknown. Here we show that type III effectors of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae act as public goods to promote the emergence of collective virulence in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We disaggregated the effector suite of a P. syringae strain highly virulent on A. thaliana into a coisogenic population with each strain carrying only one effector, (i.e., a metaclone), and showed that while each coisogenic strain in the metaclone is individually unfit, the metaclone cooperates mutualistically to fully restore virulence. We also show that this state of collective virulence emerged irrespective of the microbe’s genetic background, being capable of transforming the rhizosphere-inhabiting, beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 5 into a foliar pathogen. These results expand our knowledge of the mechanisms available to polyclonal populations and polymicrobial communities to exploit hosts. They also raise potential evolutionary routes for the emergence of new host-specific pathogens and expand the ecological scale at which disease may be attributed.
Acute Effects of Whey Protein, Alone And Mixed With Other Macronutrients, On Blood Pressure And Heart Rate In Older Men
Authors: Oberoi Avneet , Giezenaar Caroline , Lange Kylie , Jones Karen L , Horowitz Michael , Chapman Ian , Soenen Stijn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Caloric supplements are increasingly used by older people, aiming to increase daily protein intake. These high caloric drinks, rich in glucose and whey-protein in particular, may result in potential harmful decreases in blood pressure (BP). The effect of ingesting whey-protein with glucose and fat is unknown. It has been assumed that the maximum fall in systolic blood pressure occurs within 2 hours of a meal. Methods: This study aimed to determine the effects of whey-protein, alone and mixed with other macronutrients, on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in older men for 3 hours. Thirteen older men (age 75±2yrs; body mass index (BMI) 25.6±0.6kg/m²) ingested a study drink on separate study days: (i) 70g whey-protein (P280); (ii) 14g whey-protein, 28g carbohydrate, 12.4g fat (M280); (iii) 70g whey-protein, 28g carbohydrate, 12.4g fat (M504); or (iv) a non-caloric control drink (C). Results: SBP decreased after all three nutrient drinks compared to the C, with the greatest reduction after the M504 drink (P=0.008). Maximal decreases in SBP (C: -14±2mmHg, P280: -22±2mmHg, M280: -22±4mmHg, M504: -24±3mmHg) occurred about 2 hours after drink ingestion and persisted thereafter (120-180min: P280 and M504 vs. C P<0.05). Maximum DBP decreases and HR increases occurred after M504, with no differences between the effects of the P280 and M280 drinks. Conclusions: The effects of whey-protein containing drinks to lower BP and increase HR may persist for at least 3 hours after ingestion, and appear to be dependent on their energy content rather than macronutrient composition. Pure whey-protein drinks may represent the best approach to maximize protein intake while minimizing the potential for deleterious BP falls in older people.Trial registration: ACTRN12614000846628, 14/03/2019
Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Hybrid Maize Seeds With Genetic Correlation and the Strain of Bacillus Mojavensis Isolated as a Potential Microorganism Capable of Vertical Transmission
Authors: Wu Xianyu , Wang Zhishan , Zhang Ruyang , Xu Tianjun , Zhao Jiuran , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The diversity of endophytic bacteria in the progeny is related to the parental lines. In this study, the traditional separation method was used to study the dominant endophytic bacteria of the shared paternal line and its pollen, different maternal lines and their F1 progeny. And the results showed that the dominant endophytic bacteria in maize seeds and the pollen were Bacillus and Pantoea. The Bacillus diversity of the progeny JMC121 and JN728 were the same as both the paternal line and the maternal line, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus mojavensis, and Bacillus licheniformis. The Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis in JN828 were the same as both the paternal line and the maternal line, while Bacillus licheniformis was only the same as the paternal line. Through the RAPD molecular typing, there was the same strain of Bacillus mojavensis existed in the paternal line J2416, the pollen and the progeny JN728, this meant that the paternal line passed its dominant endophytic bacteria to the progeny might through pollen in vertical transmission. This study showed that the dominant endophytic bacteria in maize seeds and the pollen were Bacillus, and the diversity of F1 progeny was related to both the paternal line and the maternal line.
Assessment and Monitoring of Achilles Tendinopathy in Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Exploration of the Barrier’s Clinicians Face.
Authors: Murphy Myles C , Debenham James , Bulsara Caroline , Chivers Paola , Rio Ebonie K , Docking Sean I , Travers Mervyn , Gibson William 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: A plethora of different assessment tools exist to diagnose and monitor Achilles tendinopathy, however there is little consensus within the literature and what is performed in clinical practice is unknown. The aims of this study were: 1) Describe the assessments employed by clinicians in their own practice to aid with a) diagnosis and b) monitoring progress in Achilles tendinopathy, 2) explore which ICON health domains clinicians believe to be the most, and least important when managing patients with Achilles tendinopathy, and 3) explore the barriers preventing clinicians from implementing what they think is ideal practice as it relates to utilising tools to aid diagnosis and monitor progress in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.Methods: We employed a Qualitative Descriptive study design to capture the clinical assessments and ICON health domains participants deemed important when assessing and monitoring mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy over time. Thirteen participants (eight female, five male) from across Australia, consisting of two junior physiotherapists, five senior physiotherapists working in private practice, four senior physiotherapists working within elite sports organizations and two Sport and Exercise Medicine Doctors were included and one-on-one interviews were performed. Audio was transcribed then entered into NVIVO for coding and analysis.Results: Assessments related to Function, Pain On Loading, Pain Over A Specified Timeframe And Palpation are commonly used to assist diagnosis. Assessments related to Disability, Pain On Loading, Pain Over A Specified Timeframe and Physical Function Capacity are used to monitor progress over time. Furthermore, Pain On Loading and Pain Over A Specified Timeframe were considered the most important core health domains for assisting diagnosis whereas Pain On Loading, Patient Rating Of The Condition and Physical Function Capacity were the most important health domains for monitoring progress. Finally, four main themes were perceived as barriers to implementing ideal practice of assessment and monitoring in people with Achilles tendinopathy: Financial Constraints, Time Constraints, Access To Equipment and Patient Symptom Severity.Conclusions: A number of barriers exist that prevent clinicians from implementing what they view as ideal assessment and monitoring for Achilles tendinopathy. These barriers should be considered when developing new assessments and in clinical practice recommendations.