bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil
Authors: da Costa Bruno Ruiz Brandão , El Haddad Lohanna Pereira , De Martinis Bruno Spinosa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnergy drinks represent a multibillionaire industry that has been growing continuously worldwide. These drinks are especially consumed by young people, athletes, and military personnel due to their claimed “boost” effects. However, there have been concerns about their consumption since incompatibilities regarding the accuracy of the declared caffeine content of these drinks have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a fast and simple method to quantify caffeine in energy drinks. Sample preparation consisted of a dilute‐and‐shoot process, and analyses were performed by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detector (GC‐NPD). The method was applied to quantify caffeine in 37 energy drinks marketed in Brazil. Compared with the labeled caffeine content, 84% of the tested drinks presented caffeine levels in accordance with the specifications. The determined caffeine concentrations ranged from 10 to 67 mg/100 ml, with an average value of 31 mg/100 ml. According to the recommended serving size, no drinks exceeded the safe caffeine daily intake for the general population (400 mg). These findings are more favorable than the results of similar studies. Nevertheless, to avoid caffeine intoxication, energy drink consumers should be aware of three aspects. First, they need to avoid consuming multiple serving doses in short periods of time. Additionally, some energy drinks are labeled as “nutritional supplements,” so they may present much more caffeine than similar products commonly regulated as beverages. Finally, despite the growing interest in energy drinks, their consumption by children and early adolescents is being discouraged by the health authorities.
Effects of sildenafil on symptoms and exercise capacity for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (the SilHF study): a randomized placebo‐controlled multicentre trial
Authors: Cooper Trond J. , Cleland John G.F. , Guazzi Marco , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ben Gal Tuvia , Amir Offer , Al‐Mohammad Abdallah , Clark Andrew L. , McConnachie Alex , Steine Kjetil , Dickstein Kenneth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsPulmonary hypertension (PHT) may complicate heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with a substantial symptom burden and poor prognosis. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitor, might have beneficial effects on pulmonary haemodynamics, cardiac function and exercise capacity in HFrEF and PHT. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of sildenafil in patients with HFrEF and indirect evidence of PHT.Methods and resultsThe Sildenafil in Heart Failure (SilHF) trial was an investigator‐led, randomized, multinational trial in which patients with HFrEF and a pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥40 mmHg by echocardiography were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive sildenafil (up to 40 mg three times/day) or placebo. The co‐primary endpoints were improvement in patient global assessment by visual analogue scale and in the 6‐min walk test at 24 weeks. The planned sample size was 210 participants but, due to problems with supplying sildenafil/placebo and recruitment, only 69 patients (11 women, median age 68 (interquartile range [IQR] 62–74) years, median left ventricular ejection fraction 29% (IQR 24–35), median PASP 45 (IQR 42–55) mmHg) were included. Compared to placebo, sildenafil did not improve symptoms, quality of life, PASP or walk test distance. Sildenafil was generally well tolerated, but those assigned to sildenafil had numerically more serious adverse events (33% vs. 21%).ConclusionCompared to placebo, sildenafil did not improve symptoms, quality of life or exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF and PHT.
The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β‐cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells
Authors: Petry Florian , Salzig Denise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe manufacturing of viable and functional β‐cell spheroids is required for diabetes cell therapy and drug testing. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are known to improve β‐cell viability and functionality. We therefore investigated the aggregation behavior of three different β‐cell lines (rat insulinoma‐1 cell line [INS‐1], mouse insulinoma‐6 cell line [MIN6], and a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC‐1 cells [1.1B4]), two MSC types, and mixtures of β‐cells and MSCs under different conditions. We screened several static systems to produce uniform β‐cell and MSC spheroids, finding cell‐repellent plates the most suitable. The three different β‐cell lines differed in their aggregation behavior, spheroid size, and growth in the same static environment. We found no major differences in spheroid formation between primary MSCs and an immortalized MSC line, although both differed with regard to the aggregation behavior of the β‐cell lines. All spheroids showed a reduced viability due to mass transfer limitations under static conditions. We therefore investigated three dynamic systems (shaking multi‐well plates, spinner flasks, and shaking flasks). In shaking flasks, there were no β‐cell‐line‐dependent differences in aggregation behavior, resulting in uniform and highly viable spheroids. We found that the aggregation behavior of the β‐cell lines changed in a static coculture with MSCs. The β‐cell/MSC coculture conditions must be refined to avoid a rapid segregation into distinct populations under dynamic conditions.
Environmental, energy, and economic assessment of bread‐making processes: A case study
Authors: Nadi Fatemeh , Shahi Taher , Chasiotis Vasileios 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFifteen million tons of bread is annually produced in Iran of which the 80% of share in production belongs to traditional bakeries. The present study examines the aspects of the energetic, economic, and environmental impacts of production of Iranian breads (Barbari, Lavash, and Sangak). The results showed that energy demand of a typical baking process of Iranian breads is 22.93–26.08 MJ kg−1. The annual energy utilization of these bakeries is 239.57 TJ, accompanied with 13,308 ton year−1 of CO2 emissions. Sangak bread production had the highest energy efficiency, energy productivity, and the lowest rejected energy. In terms of economic aspects, the highest net income, profit to cost, and economic productivity, were related to Barbari bread production. Sangak bread production had the least environmental impacts. Lavash bread production, although it is the thinnest bread, had the highest energy consumption, was responsible for emitting the largest share of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) to the atmosphere and it had the lowest economic return. The flour was the most influential input on the energy efficiency, cost, and GHG emissions among the three examined types of bread production. Therefore, improving wheat cultivars and flour production process, may reduce the energy consumption and the GHG emissions in the bread industry.
Comparative performance of multiple energy storage systems in unified voltage and frequency regulation of power system including electric vehicles
Authors: Ramoji Satish Kumar , Saikia Lalit Chandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModern power systems are very complicated and have more obligation to uphold the supply of power be reliable, stable, and of decent quality at both the transmission and distribution phases. Preserving grid balance is a significant concern if there is an unforeseen generation deficit or grid disturbance, or intermittent renewable energy sources, such as bio‐diesel, electric vehicles (EVs), and solar power are incorporated into the energy mix. To compensate for this imbalance and enhance the power system's reliability and stability, the energy storage systems (ESS) can be regarded as an appropriate measure. Thus, ESS contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions by successfully integrating more renewable energy sources into the grid. This article presents multiple ESSs, such as pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS), accurate flywheel energy storage (AFES), battery energy storage (BES), capacitive energy storage (CE), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMEs) and their comparative performance analysis in unified voltage and frequency control of power system. The proposed interconnected power system includes thermal, solar‐thermal, bio‐diesel‐engine generator, and EVs. In both control systems, a maiden attempt was made to utilize Harris' Hawks optimization‐based fuzzy‐fractional‐order‐tilt‐integral‐derivative (FFOTID) controller. The repercussion of PHS proclaims a substantial amelioration in system performance than other ESSs. Likewise, the system exhibits better dynamics with the coalition of PHS and power system stabilizer (PSS) of AVR compared to their separate intervention. Lastly, sensitivity analysis of proposed controller is analyzed by alteration of load perturbation and nonlinearity of thermal plants, which ensures optimal controller parameters accomplished at nominal conditions are resilient enough.
Progressive cholestasis and associated sclerosing cholangitis are frequent complications of COVID‐19 in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Hartl Lukas , Haslinger Katharina , Angerer Martin , Semmler Georg , Schneeweiss‐Gleixner Mathias , Jachs Mathias , Simbrunner Benedikt , Bauer David Josef Maria , Eigenbauer Ernst , Strassl Robert , Breuer Monika , Kimberger Oliver , Laxar Daniel , Lampichler Katharina , Halilbasic Emina , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich , Ba‐Ssalamah Ahmed , Mandorfer Mattias , Scheiner Bernhard , Reiberger Thomas , Trauner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Cholestasis is associated with disease severity and worse outcome in COVID‐19. Cases of secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection have been described.

Approach and Results
Hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 between 03/2020 and 07/2021 were included. Patients were stratified as having (i) no chronic liver disease (CLD), (ii) non‐advanced CLD (non‐ACLD), or (iii) advanced CLD (ACLD). Patients with CLD and non–COVID‐19 pneumonia were matched to patients with CLD and COVID‐19 as a control cohort. Liver chemistries before (Pre) and at first, second, and third blood withdrawal after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (T1–T3) and at last available time point (last) were recorded. A total of 496 patients were included. In total, 13.1% (n = 65) had CLD (non‐ACLD: 70.8%; ACLD: 29.2%); the predominant etiology was NAFLD/NASH (60.0%). COVID‐19–related liver injury was more common among patients with CLD (24.6% vs. 10.6%; p = 0.001). After SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, patients with CLD exhibited progressive cholestasis with persistently increasing levels of alkaline phosphatase (Pre: 91.0 vs. T1: 121.0 vs. last: 175.0 U/L; p < 0.001) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (Pre: 95.0 vs. T1: 135.0 vs. last: 202.0 U/L; p = 0.001). A total of 23.1% of patients with CLD (n = 15/65) developed cholestatic liver failure (cholestasis plus bilirubin ≥6 mg/dl) during COVID‐19, and 15.4% of patients (n = 10/65) developed SSC. SSC was significantly more frequent among patients with CLD and COVID‐19 than in patients with CLD and non–COVID‐19 pneumonia (p = 0.040). COVID‐19–associated SSC occurred predominantly in patients with NAFLD/NASH and metabolic risk factors. A total of 26.3% (n = 5/19) of patients with ACLD experienced hepatic decompensation after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Conclusions
About 20% of patients with CLD develop progressive cholestasis after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients with NAFLD/NASH and metabolic risk factors are at particular risk for developing cholestatic liver failure and/or SSC after COVID‐19.
Quaternary nanoparticles enable sustained release of bortezomib for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Yicheng , Zhou Yang , Hu Haijie , Hu Yizong , Georgiades Christos , Mao Hai‐Quan , Selaru Florin M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the world. Over the past two decades, there has been minimal improvement in therapies as well as clinical outcomes for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)‐B. These patients are treated with local interventions, including transarterial chemoembolization. Current methodologies only allow sustained intratumoral release measured in hours. Methodologies to allow sustained local release of the drug cargo over days to weeks are acutely needed. We hypothesize that tumor response as well as outcomes of patients with BCLC‐B can be improved through utilization of a highly cytotoxic agent delivered with a sustained release platform.

Approach and Results
High‐throughput drug screening across 40 HCC patient‐derived organoids identified bortezomib (BTZ) as a highly cytotoxic small molecule for HCC. We designed and manufactured sustained release BTZ nanoparticles (BTZ‐NP) using a flash nanocomplexation/nanoprecipitation process. We quantified the release profile and tested the anti‐tumoral effects in vivo. The BTZ‐NP formulation demonstrated a sustained release of BTZ of 30 days. This BTZ‐NP formulation was highly effective in controlling tumor size and improved survival in vivo in three animal models of HCC, including when delivered via the hepatic artery, as we envision its delivery in patients. In addition, the BTZ‐NP formulation was superior to treatment with doxorubicin‐drug eluting beads.

Conclusions
The BTZ‐NP formulation provides a potent and safe treatment of HCC via a localized delivery approach. These results warrant additional preclinical studies to advance this technology to human clinical trials.
A nurse‐led Asthma Care Team transitioning patients from hospital to home improves asthma control: A pilot study exploring an alternative model of care
Authors: Jayaram Lata , Gillman Andrew , Casanelia Sue , Yee Valerie , Hocking Valerie , Wasgewatta Sanjiwika , Reid‐Price Lynnette , Botlero Roslin , Southcott Anne Marie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent asthma admissions are frequent in our patients at a tertiary Australian hospital and are commonly related to poor health literacy and medication adherence. A need exists to improve these asthma self‐management skills within our current model of care, especially during the vulnerable postdischarge period.AimTo examine if the addition of a nurse‐led Asthma Care Transition Team (ACTT) compared with usual care alone (UC) (1) improves asthma control at 12 weeks posthospital discharge; the number of patients using a Written Action Plan (WAP), compliance with inhaler therapy at 12 weeks, and readmission rates at 6 months.MethodsAdults admitted with asthma were randomised to either:UC: involving review of asthma medication and self‐management skills by the ward team prior to discharge; a standard 6‐week post discharge clinic visit and a 12‐week study visit where an independent assessor assessed outcomes; orACTT: In addition to UC, involved ACTT nurse‐led review at 1 week and 6 weeks. Key aspects included a pre defined, structured review reinforcing education and self‐management skills, and telephone support during working hours.ResultSixty participants (UC and ACTT) had similar baseline characteristics: Mean age: 41 vs 38 years, asthma duration: 20 vs 18 years, baseline Asthma Control Questionnaire 3.1 vs 3.4. At 12 weeks Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) improved significantly in both groups but more so with ACTT; ACTT group had a higher uptake of WAP and a trend to reduced readmissions.Conclusion and Practice ImplicationA nurse‐led ACTT improves asthma control and self‐management skills following discharge and may lead to fewer readmissions.
High frequency volatility forecasting: A new approach using a hybrid ANN‐MC‐GARCH model
Authors: Jumoorty Aneessa Firdaus , Thoplan Ruben , Narsoo Jason 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRisk permeates more and more financial markets around the world. It is an essential element that all financial market actors attempt to model and manage. This paper proposes a novel model that improves the predictive accuracy of high frequency volatility forecasts. The ANN‐MC‐GARCH model is therefore developed in this research. The hybrid model enhances the MC‐GARCH conditional variance model by including endogenous market variables in a feed forward network which models volatility in terms of past disturbances and variances. The forecasting accuracy of the novel ANN‐MC‐GARCH is evaluated against the classical MC‐GARCH model. The empirical investigation employs the 1‐min high frequency observations of four exchange rates (USD/EUR, USD/GBP, USD/JPY & AUD/JPY), three market indices (France 40, UK 100 & USA 500) and two metal commodity indices (Spot Gold & Spot Silver). The backtesting method employs the RMSE and MAE performance metrics, the out‐of‐sample , the Diebold‐Mariano test and the Model Confidence Set (MCS) procedure. The empirical findings show that the hybrid model is superior to the MC‐GARCH model for the nine datasets.
Transvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation and ureteroscopy for management of primary obstructed non‐refluxing megaureter with ureteral calculus
Authors: Kato Taiki , Mizuno Kentaro , Matsumoto Daisuke , Nishio Hidenori , Nakane Akihiro , Kurokawa Satoshi , Kamisawa Hideyuki , Maruyama Tetsuji , Yasui Takahiro , Hayashi Yutaro 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPrimary obstructed non‐refluxing megaureter, a type of congenitally dilated ureter, often resolves spontaneously. Surgery may be indicated in symptomatic cases; however, there are no reports of transvesicoscopic ureteral implantation and ureteroscopy for ureteral stones. Therefore, we describe the treatment of primary obstructed non‐refluxing megaureter and ureteral calculi using this technique.Case presentationA 6‐year‐old Japanese girl was referred for abdominal pain and gross hematuria due to right megaureter with multiple stones in the renal lower‐pole calyces and ureter. She was diagnosed with primary obstructed non‐refluxing megaureter and ureterovesical junction obstruction. The stones were removed using mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy and transvesicoureteroscopic surgery, respectively. A narrow segment of the right ureter was cut, and transvesicoscopic ureteral plication and reimplantation were performed. The procedures were successful without postoperative complications.ConclusionTransvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation with ureteroscopy may be a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgical option for ureterovesical junction obstruction with ureteral stones.
Pharmacist's role in reducing medication‐related racial disparities in African American patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gray Julie , Hillman Lisa A. , Vivian Eva , St. Peter Wendy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRacial/ethnic disparities in chronic kidney disease have been well established. African Americans experience faster progression to end‐stage kidney disease and a higher prevalence of kidney‐related diseases due to social determinants of health and systemic racism. As the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists have a responsibility to diminish racial health disparities by putting efforts into leading diversity initiatives, committees, task forces, and community outreach events. To effectively engage African American communities, pharmacists must first understand the historical context of distrust in health care, kidney‐related health and medication‐related disparities experienced by African Americans, and how socioeconomic deprivation impacts the progression of kidney disease. In this article, we review available literature pertaining to these topics and give suggestions on what pharmacists can do to help reduce health care disparities in African Americans with kidney disease and to build trust with individuals and their communities to improve their health care outcomes.
Hybrid white organic light‐emitting diodes based on platinum complex
Authors: Lee Jian Haur , Chen Chin‐Ti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis review article surveys the hybrid white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on phosphorescent platinum complexes and fluorescence blue emitters developed in the last 20 years. Emission, either photoluminescence (PL) or electroluminescence (EL), properties of the materials, and the evolution of the configuration of devices in achieving the high performance WOLEDs are elaborated in the article.
Efficacy of autoantibodies combined with tumor markers in the detection of lung cancer
Authors: Mu Yinyu , Li Jing , Xie Fuyi , Xu Lin , Xu Guodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore the detection value of seven autoantibodies (TAAbs): p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GBU4‐5, MAGE A1, CAGE, and GAGE7 and three tumor markers: CYFRA21‐1, NSE, and SCCA in the diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodsELISA was used to detect the levels of the TAAbs, and chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to test the levels of the tumor markers. The diagnostic efficacy of the TAAbs combined with the tumor markers for lung cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe positive rate of the combined detection of seven TAAbs and three tumor markers in lung cancer (37.8%) was higher than that in other three groups. The positive rates of SOX2, GAGE7, MAGE A1, CAGE, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA had differences among the four groups. Compared with the benign lung disease group, only GAGE7, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA differed among the groups. The combined sensitivity of the TAAbs was 29.07% (AUC, 0.594), the combined sensitivity of all the markers was 37.76% (AUC, 0.660 [p < 0.05]), and Youden's index was 0.196. In the lung cancer group, CYFRA21‐1 had a significant difference in age and sex, and SOX2, MAGE A1, CYFRA21‐1, NSE, and SCCA were significantly different in pathological type and TNM. In contrast, p53 and GBU4‐5 showed no significant differences in age, sex, pathological type, and TNM.ConclusionsThe combined detection of seven TAAbs and three tumor markers could be useful in early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Analytical performances of a glycated albumin assay that is traceable to standard reference materials and reference range determination
Authors: Tao Xinran , Koguma Ryosuke , Nagai Yoko , Kohzuma Takuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlycated albumin (GA) is an intermediate‐term marker for monitoring glycemic control (preceding 2–3 weeks) in patients with diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the performance of Lucica Glycated Albumin‐L, a new GA assay that is traceable to standard reference materials and determined the reference range in healthy subjects without diabetes.MethodsThe performance and reference range studies were conducted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines. The traceability was established using reference material recommended by the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC).ResultsThe coefficient of variation (CV) of overall repeatability, within‐laboratory precision, and overall reproducibility values of GA values were not more than 2.6%, 3.3%, and 1.6%, respectively, among laboratories. The GA values showed good linearity from 173 to 979 mmol/mol (9.4%–54.9%) across the assay range. The GA reference range in 262 healthy subjects was between 183 and 259 mmol/mol (9.9%–14.2%) while that of subjects with diabetes was 217–585 mmol/mol (11.8–32.6%). The reagent was stable for 2 months on the bench at room temperature. The limits of blank, detection, and qualification were 6.9, 7.9, and 9.7 μmol/L for GA concentration, and 3.8, 7.0, and 21.8 μmol/L for albumin concentration, respectively. Hemoglobin slightly affected the assay, while other classical interfering substances had no significant impact.ConclusionsThe present GA assay shows comparable performance to current clinical assays and could be used for intermediate‐term monitoring of glycemic control in diabetes patients.