bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lunar Orbit Measurement of the Cosmic Dawn’s 21 cm Global Spectrum
Authors: Shi 施 Yuan 嫄 , Deng 邓 Furen 辅仁 , Xu 徐 Yidong 怡冬 , Wu 吴 Fengquan 锋泉 , Yan 严 Qisen 琦森 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A redshifted 21 cm line absorption signature is commonly expected from the cosmic dawn era, when the first stars and galaxies formed. The detailed traits of this signal can provide important insight on the cosmic history. However, high-precision measurement of this signal is hampered by ionosphere refraction and absorption, as well as radio frequency interference (RFI). Space observation can solve the problem of the ionosphere, and the Moon can shield the RFI from Earth. In this paper, we present simulations of the global spectrum measurement in the 30–120 MHz frequency band on the lunar orbit from the proposed Discovering the Sky at the Longest wavelength project. In particular, we consider how the measured signal varies as the satellite moves along the orbit and take into account the blockage of different parts of the sky by the Moon and the antenna response. We estimate the sensitivity for such a 21 cm global spectrum experiment. An rms noise level of ≤0.05 K is expected at 75 MHz after 10 orbits (∼1 day) observation, for a frequency channel width of 0.4 MHz. We also study the influence of a frequency-dependent beam, which may generate complex structures in the spectrum. Estimates of the uncertainties in the foreground and 21 cm model parameters are obtained.
On Estimating the Cosmic Molecular Gas Density from CO Line Intensity Mapping Observations
Authors: Breysse Patrick C. , Yang Shengqi , Somerville Rachel S. , Pullen Anthony R. , Popping Gergö , Maniyar Abhishek S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Millimeter-wave Intensity Mapping Experiment (mmIME) recently reported a detection of excess spatial fluctuations at a wavelength of 3 mm, which can be attributed to unresolved emission of several CO rotational transitions between z ∼ 1 and 5. We study the implications of these data for the high-redshift interstellar medium using a suite of state-of-the-art semianalytic simulations that have successfully reproduced many other submillimeter line observations across the relevant redshift range. We find that the semianalytic predictions are mildly in tension with the mmIME result, with a predicted CO power ∼3.5σ below what was observed. We explore some simple modifications to the models that could resolve this tension. Increasing the molecular gas abundance at the relevant redshifts to ∼108
M
⊙ Mpc−3, a value well above that obtained from directly imaged sources, would resolve the discrepancy, as would assuming a CO–H2 conversion factor α
CO of ∼1.5 M
⊙ K−1 (km s−1)−1 pc2, a value somewhat lower than is commonly assumed. We go on to demonstrate that these conclusions are quite sensitive to the detailed assumptions of our simulations, highlighting the need for more careful modeling efforts as more intensity mapping data become available.
Detection of Gravitational Redshift in Open Cluster Nondegenerate Stars
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos M. , Ramos-Chernenko Nataliya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A key observational prediction of Einstein’s Equivalence Principle is that light undergoes redshift when it escapes from a gravitational field. Although astrophysics provides a wide variety of physical conditions in which this redshift should be significant, until very recently the observational evidence for this gravitational effect was limited to the light emitted by the Sun and white dwarfs. Gaia-DR2 astrometric and kinematic data, in combination with other spectroscopic observations, provides a test bench to validate such predictions in statistical terms. The aim of this paper is to analyze several thousand main-sequence and giant stars in open clusters (OCs) in order to measure the gravitational redshift effect. Observationally, a spectral shift will depend on the stellar mass-to-radius ratio as expected from the theoretical estimation of relativity. After the analysis, the obtained correlation coefficient between theoretical predictions and observations for 28 (51) OCs is a = 0.977 ± 0.218 (0.899 ± 0.137). The result has proven to be statistically robust and with little dependence on the details of the methodology or sample selection criteria. This study represents one of the more extensive validations of a fundamental prediction of gravity theories.
Studying Magnetic Fields and Dust in M17 Using Polarized Thermal Dust Emission Observed by SOFIA/HAWC+
Authors: Hoang Thuong Duc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Diep Pham Ngoc , Tram Le Ngoc , Hoang Thiem , Pattle Kate , Lim Wanggi , Le Ngan , Nguyen Dieu D. , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Fuda Nguyen , Bui Tuan Van , Truong Le Gia Bao , Phan Hien , Giang Nguyen Chau 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on the highest spatial resolution measurement to date of magnetic fields (B-fields) in M17 using thermal dust polarization measurements taken by SOFIA/HAWC+ centered at a wavelength of 154 μm. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, in which the polarization angle dispersion calculated using the structure function technique is the quantity directly observed by SOFIA/HAWC+, we found the presence of strong B-fields of 980 ± 230 and 1665 ± 885 μG in the lower-density M17-N and higher-density M17-S regions, respectively. The B-field morphology in M17-N possibly mimics the fields in gravitationally collapsing molecular cores, while in M17-S the fields run perpendicular to the density structure. M17-S also displays a pillar feature and an asymmetric large-scale hourglass-shaped field. We use the mean B-field strengths to determine Alfvénic Mach numbers for both regions, finding that B-fields dominate over turbulence. We calculate the mass-to-flux ratio, λ, finding λ = 0.07 for M17-N and 0.28 for M17-S. These subcritical λ values are consistent with the lack of massive stars formed in M17. To study dust physics, we analyze the relationship between dust polarization fraction, p, emission intensity, I, gas column density, N(H2), polarization angle dispersion function, S, and dust temperature, T
d. p decreases with intensity as I
−α
with α = 0.51. p tends to first increase with T
d, but then decreases at higher T
d. The latter feature, seen in M17-N at high T
d when N(H2) and S decrease, is evidence of the radiative torque disruption effect.
Improving White Dwarfs as Chronometers with Gaia Parallaxes and Spectroscopic Metallicities
Authors: Moss Adam , von Hippel Ted , Robinson Elliot , El-Badry Kareem , Stenning David C. , van Dyk David , Fouesneau Morgan , Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L. , Jeffery Elizabeth , Sargent Jimmy , Kloc Isabelle , Moticska Natalie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
White dwarfs (WDs) offer unrealized potential in solving two problems in astrophysics: stellar age accuracy and precision. WD cooling ages can be inferred from surface temperatures and radii, which can be constrained with precision by high-quality photometry and parallaxes. Accurate and precise Gaia parallaxes along with photometric surveys provide information to derive cooling and total ages for vast numbers of WDs. Here we analyze 1372 WDs found in wide binaries with main-sequence (MS) companions and report on the cooling and total age precision attainable in these WD+MS systems. The total age of a WD can be further constrained if its original metallicity is known because the MS lifetime depends on metallicity at fixed mass, yet metallicity is unavailable via spectroscopy of the WD. We show that incorporating spectroscopic metallicity constraints from 38 wide binary MS companions substantially decreases internal uncertainties in WD total ages compared to a uniform constraint. Averaged over the 38 stars in our sample, the total (internal) age uncertainty improves from 21.04% to 16.77% when incorporating the spectroscopic constraint. Higher mass WDs yield better total age precision; for eight WDs with zero-age MS masses ≥2.0 M
⊙, the mean uncertainty in total ages improves from 8.61% to 4.54% when incorporating spectroscopic metallicities. We find that it is often possible to achieve 5% total age precision for WDs with progenitor masses above 2.0 M
⊙ if parallaxes with ≤1% precision and Pan-STARRS g, r, and i photometry with ≤0.01 mag precision are available.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anomalous Microwave Emission, and their Connection to the Cold Neutral Medium
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Murray Claire E. , Dodici Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using new large-area maps of the cold neutral medium (CNM) fraction, f
CNM, we investigate the relationship between the CNM, the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the anomalous microwave emission (AME). We first present our f
CNM map based on full-sky HI4PI data, using a convolutional neural network to convert the spectroscopic H i data to f
CNM. We demonstrate that f
CNM is strongly correlated with the fraction of dust in PAHs as estimated from mid- and far-infrared dust emission. In contrast, we find no correlation between f
CNM and the amount of AME per dust emission and no to weakly negative correlation between f
CNM and the AME peak frequency. These results suggest PAHs preferentially reside in cold, relatively dense gas, perhaps owing to enhanced destruction in more diffuse media. The lack of positive correlation between f
CNM and AME peak frequency is in tension with expectations from theoretical models positing different spectral energy distributions of AME in the cold versus warm neutral medium. We suggest that different PAH abundances and emission physics in different interstellar environments may explain the weaker-than-expected correlation between 12 μm PAH emission and AME even if PAHs are the AME carriers.
Probing Planets with Exomoons: The Cases of Kepler-1708 b and Kepler-1625 b
Authors: Tokadjian Armen , Piro Anthony L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tidal interactions between a planet and moon can provide insight into the properties of the host planet. The recent exomoon candidates Kepler-1708 b-i and Kepler-1625 b-i are Neptune-sized satellites orbiting Jupiter-like planets and provide an opportunity to apply such methods. We show that if the tidal migration time is roughly equal to the age of these systems, then the tidal dissipation factor Q for the planets Kepler-1708 b and Kepler-1625 b have values of ∼3 × 105–3 × 106 and ∼1.5 × 105–4 × 105, respectively. In each case, these are consistent with estimates for gas-giant planets. Even though some work suggests an especially large semimajor axis for Kepler-1625 b-i, we find that this would imply a surprisingly low Q ∼ 2000 for a gas giant unless the moon formed at essentially its current position. More detailed predictions for the moons’ initial semimajor axis could provide even better constraints on Q, and we discuss the formation scenarios for a moon in this context. Similar arguments can be used as more exomoons are discovered in the future to constrain exoplanet interior properties. This could be especially useful for exoplanets near the sub-Neptune/super-Earth radius gap where the planet structure is uncertain.
Spurious Radial Migration from Relativistic Effects in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Loeb Abraham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gradient of the gravitational redshift in the potential of the Milky Way induces an apparent spurious radial migration. I show that this effect is simply related to the local acceleration, which was measured recently by Gaia eDR3, implying a spectroscopic shift of −2.4 × 10−2(r/8 kpc)−1 km s−1 kpc−1. The transverse Doppler effect yields a comparable contribution. The spurious radial velocity from both relativistic effects amounts to crossing a major portion of the Milky Way disk during the age of the universe, and must be corrected for in any future measurement of the actual radial migration of stars.
Applying Random Forest Classification to Ultracool Dwarf Discovery in Deep Surveys. I. Color Classification with SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE Photometry
Authors: Gong Zijie , Nava Vega Adriana , Gauna Gutierrez Eduardo , Mendiola Maytorena Arantxa , Verdaguer Carlos , Aganze Christian , Danner Christopher , Burgasser Adam J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this first of two studies, we apply a random forest model to classify ultracool dwarfs from broadband color information. Using the Skrzypek et al. ultracool dwarf sample and a set of background sources, we trained a random forest classifier based on 28 colors derived from optical and infrared photometry from SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE. Our model achieves 99.7% accuracy in segregating L- and T-type UCDs from background sources, and 97% accuracy in separating spectral subgroups. A separate random forest regressor model achieved a spectral classification precision of 1.3 subtypes. We applied these models to a 12.6 deg2 region with overlapping SDSS, UKIDSS, and WISE coverage and identified 35 UCD candidates, five of which are previously reported, of which four are photometrically or spectroscopically classified UCDs. Our random forest model can be applied to multiple surveys to greatly expand the known census of UCDs.
Subseasonal Variation in Neptune’s Mid-infrared Emission
Authors: Roman Michael T. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Orton Glenn S. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Moses Julianne I. , Rowe-Gurney Naomi , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Antuñano Arrate , Sinclair James , Kasaba Yasumasa , Fujiyoshi Takuya , de Pater Imke , Hammel Heidi B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present an analysis of all currently available ground-based imaging of Neptune in the mid-infrared. Dating between 2003 and 2020, the images reveal changes in Neptune’s mid-infrared (∼8–25 μm) emission over time in the years surrounding Neptune’s 2005 southern summer solstice. Images sensitive to stratospheric ethane (∼12 μm), methane (∼8 μm), and CH3D (∼9 μm) display significant subseasonal temporal variation on regional and global scales. Comparison with H2 S(1) hydrogen quadrupole (∼17.035 μm) spectra suggests that these changes are primarily related to stratospheric temperature changes. The stratosphere appears to have cooled between 2003 and 2009 across multiple filtered wavelengths, followed by a dramatic warming of the south pole between 2018 and 2020. Conversely, upper-tropospheric temperatures—inferred from ∼17 to 25 μm imaging—appear invariant during this period, except for the south pole, which appeared warmest between 2003 and 2006. We discuss the observed variability in the context of seasonal forcing, tropospheric meteorology, and the solar cycle. Collectively, these data provide the strongest evidence to date that processes produce subseasonal variation on both global and regional scales in Neptune’s stratosphere.
Correlation between Visual Analog Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 among Breast Cancer Patient at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan
Authors: Bintang Rahma Setia , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa M. 
Published: April 2022

World Health Organization reported that in 2018 the most prevalent cancer cases in Indonesia is breast cancer with a total of 58,256 cases (16.7%) from total cancer cases in Indonesia. Among cancer patients, pain is the most profound and definite effect that has been linked to reduced quality of life as well as the development of depression. In Indonesia, studies investigating the effect of pain among breast cancer patient with depression is still lacking.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pain with depression among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan.
Methods applied in this study was cross sectional numerical correlative study involved 35 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan age 40 – 60 years old. In order to assess pain, we used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and as for depression, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between pain and depression
The results showed that most of our subjects graduated from university, are already married and employed. Most are already at the third stadium with VAS score of around 4.89 + 1.530 indicating moderate pain and PHQ-9 score of 8.23 + 3.456 indicating mild depression. Pearson test showed r = 0.511 (mild strength) indicating that pain severity is correlated positively to depression severity.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between VAS score and PHQ-9 score among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Islamic Hospital of Malahayati Medan.
A Comparison of Patient Satisfaction When Using the Insured and Non-insured in Public Health Center (Puskesmas Kasihan 1) Bantul, Indonesia
Authors: Fatimah Fatma Siti , Mars Sumarni , Sarwadhamana Raden Jaka , Mulyani Rizka , Handayani Putri Daru 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, the health sector has experienced a very significant development. Fair and equitable health care is one way to fulfill the health rights of each individual. Therefore, puskesmas are required to provide good service quality through conformity to standards with customer needs. The creation of service quality will certainly create customer satisfaction for service users when using health assurance and non-assurance. AIM: This study was to know a comparison of patient satisfaction when using the insured and non-insured in Public Health Center (Puskesmas Kasihan 1) Bantul, Indonesia. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study, with 222 samples with 111 respondents using health assurance and 111 non-assurance. Samples were collected with a cluster sampling technique taken from nine service polyclinics in Puskesmas Kasihan 1 Bantul. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. RESULTS: The study found that the average patient satisfaction with health insurance was 34.76 more than the average patient satisfaction with non-health insurance was 29.10. Based on the results of the analysis, the mean ± sd of patient satisfaction with health insurance was 29.10 ± 3.04 compared to the satisfaction of non-health insurance patients, namely, 34.76 ± 3.61 with a Sig value of 0.000, which means that there is a significant difference between patient satisfaction using the insured and non-insured. CONCLUSIONS: Patients when using the health insured are more satisfied than patient’s non-insured.
Carnivore Occupancy within the Early Successional Habitat of New England Cottontails
Authors: Testerman Kyle , Hapeman Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Predation pressure from carnivores can shape ecological communities and has significant consequences for prey species that are declining or recovering from historical declines. New England cottontails Sylvilagus transitionalis are a species of greatest conservation need in Connecticut and are experiencing continued decline associated with habitat loss. Restoration of early successional habitat is underway to address the most significant threat to their populations. However, one of the largest documented sources of mortality is associated with several key predators and remains a threat to recovery efforts. We sought to develop species-specific occupancy estimates of carnivores in early successional habitat and relate our findings to the potential recovery of New England cottontails. We conducted camera surveys at 34 sites in early successional habitat in or near New England cottontail focus areas throughout Connecticut and used the program MARK to estimate occupancy and detectability from detection data. We found key predators in early successional habitat, but their detectability was generally low. Occupancy was highest for coyotes Canis latrans, and regional occupancy differed only for bobcats Lynx rufus. Covariates that influenced parameter estimates in our models included high road densities and the intensity of New England cottontail and eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus detections. Expanding carnivores, particularly coyote and bobcat, may place additional pressure on New England cottontail recovery in the state, but restoration efforts that promote contiguous habitat and reduce isolated patches where predation risk is higher will improve their chances of a long-term recovery.
Association between calcium administration and outcomes during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the emergency department
Authors: Wongtanasarasin Wachira , Ungrungseesopon Nat , Namsongwong Nutthida , Chotipongkul Pongsatorn , Visavakul Onwara , Banping Napatsakorn , Kampeera Worapot , Phinyo Phichayut 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Calcium administration during cardiac arrest is limited in some circumstances, mainly due to lack of consistent evidence. This study aims to investigate whether calcium therapy administered during cardiac arrest at the Emergency Department is associated with good outcomes, including the probability of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and favorable neurological outcome at discharge.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed 599 consecutive adult cardiac arrest events between 2016 and 2018. The primary outcome was the ROSC rate. Secondary outcomes included survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and favorable neurologic outcome at hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was analyzed to examine the association between calcium administration and outcomes.

RESULTS:
Of 599 events, calcium was administered in 72 (12%) cases. The use of calcium during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after adjusting for confounding factors was not associated with any better outcomes, including ROSC (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–1.17), survival to hospital admission (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.47–2.41), survival to hospital discharge (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 0.43–8.56), and favorable neurological outcome (aOR 6.60, 95% CI 0.72–60.74). Besides, calcium use in traumatic cardiac arrest patients was associated with unfavorable outcomes, including ROSC (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.09) and survival to hospital admission (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.84).

CONCLUSION:
The use of calcium during an adult cardiac arrest was not associated with better outcomes. Although associations drawn from this study did not indicate the causality, given calcium during CPR was linked to poorer outcomes in traumatic cardiac arrest patients, including ROSC and survival to hospital admission.