bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubbles help male flowers overcome obstacles during pollination in Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: Huang Lan‐Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPremisePollination in many aquatic plants takes place on the water surface, and the male flowers or stamens often produce gas bubbles underwater; however, the generation mechanism and function of these bubbles are unknown.MethodsA common submerged plant, Hydrilla verticillata, was used as experimental material to observe the structure of male flowers, analyze the process of bubble generation, and simulate the movement process of the male flower with attached gas bubble in water.ResultsThe aerenchyma inside the male plants of H. verticillata transported the gas produced by the plant's branches during photosynthesis to the male flower, and the formed gas bubbles became attached to the edge of the perianth. The gas accumulation rate in the attached bubbles increased with light intensity. Once the bubble diameter increased to approximately 3.3 mm, the male flowers with the bubble detached from the plant and floated to the water surface. The removal of the attached bubbles did not affect the male flower detached from the plant; however, the surfacing of male flowers without gas bubbles was easily prevented by the plant's branches in the water, and they could not reach the water surface to complete pollen dispersal.ConclusionsThe gas bubbles produced by male flowers of H. verticillata came from the gas produced by branches under light. These bubbles can help ascending male flowers bypass the obstacles in water and reach the surface to complete pollination.
Synthesis of an injectable heparin conjugated poloxamer hydrogel with high elastic recoverability for temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Deliogullari Buse , Ilhan‐Ayisigi Esra , Cakmak Betul , Saglam‐Metiner Pelin , Kaya Nusret , Coskun‐Akar Gulcan , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly affected during fundamental oral activities, reducing the quality of life. Herein, we synthesized a heparin‐conjugated poloxamer hydrogel (HEP) as a thermo‐responsive injectable hydrogel for the treatment of TMJ disorders. While the gelation temperature of synthesized HEP (25% [w/v]) was 29.8–30.0°C, there was a slight difference between loss and storage modulus. HEP decreased the friction of the TMJ, thus requires less energy during load‐bearing jaw movement in comparison to POL. Moreover, the oscillation test dependent on strain ranges from 0.01% to 1000% validated that POL and HEP3 hydrogels showed a similar critical strain of about 5.6%. The total elastic recovery percentage of HEP3 (53.50%) was higher than POL (45.55%), indicating a better recovery of the deformed hydrogel structure. Along with the suitable viscoelastic properties for temporomandibular cavity, both hydrogels increased the proliferation of fibroblasts (L929) and chondrocytes (ATDC5) (cell viabilities were above 100%). However, newly synthesized HEP induced differentiated cell proliferation of chondrogenic cells at increasing concentrations up to 0.0156 mg/mL (p < 0.0001) compared to POL and the control group. The promising rheological properties and effects on chondrogenic cell proliferation of injectable heparin‐conjugated hydrogel make them candidates for intra‐articular injections used for the treatment of TMJ.
The immunolocalization of HIF‐2α, GLUT1 and CAIX in porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle
Authors: Párraga‐Ros Ester , Latorre‐Reviriego Rafael , Aparicio‐González Mónica , Boronat‐Belda Talía , López‐Albors Octavio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOxygen (O2) rates in the oviduct are essential to human and animal reproduction. These rates are regulated by the activity of hypoxia markers such as the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), the glucose transporters (GLUT), and the carbonic anhydrase (CA). In the porcine model, scarce studies have been reported regarding these markers and their effects in reproduction are unknown. The objective was to characterize the immunolocalization of HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in porcine oviducts throughout the estrous cycle. Oviducts (ampulla and isthmus) of adult sows (n = 45) were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis with HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX markers. The percentage of immunopositive area was quantified, and the differences among phases of the estrous cycle were analyzed (folicular, early luteal, and late luteal). The three markers showed epithelial presence mainly. Significantly lower expression of HIF‐2α was found in the luteal phases, especially in the isthmus. GLUT1 expression did not change throughout the estrous cycle, but differences were found between the ampulla and isthmus. CAIX expression showed the highest, with a significant downward trend throughout estrous cycle. The ubiquitous expression of hypoxia markers shows the porcine oviduct physiology in relation to O2. The differential expression of HIF‐2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in different subcompartments of the oviduct throughout the estrous cycle contributes to improve the knowledge of the cell physiology of the oviduct, which can be useful in fertilization studies.
From participation roles to socio‐emotional information roles: Insights from the closure of an online community
Authors: Karanasios Stan , Zorina Aljona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines what happens when an online community (OC) platform is shut down. In particular, it builds on recent interest from information science on everyday life information seeking, providing insights into the socio‐emotional roles enacted by users following community closure. A qualitative study is undertaken on 12 months of social media comments relating to the closure of an OC platform. We identify and discuss the socio‐emotional information roles that manifest, and present a model of their relationship to different aspects of the closure. We make theoretical connections between the notion of socio‐emotional information roles and both the information behavior and practice literature, as well as research on community and participant roles. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Neural network robust control of a 3‐DOF hydraulic manipulator with asymptotic tracking
Authors: Ge Yaowen , Zhou Jin , Deng Wenxiang , Yao Jianyong , Xie Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiaxial hydraulic manipulators are complicated systems with highly nonlinear dynamics and various modeling uncertainties, which hinders the development of high‐performance controller. In this paper, a neural network feedforward with a robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback is proposed for high precise tracking control of hydraulic manipulator systems. The established nonlinear model takes three‐axis dynamic coupling, hydraulic actuator dynamics, and nonlinear friction effects into consideration. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is synthesized to approximate the uncertain system dynamics and external disturbance, which can greatly reduce the dependence on accurate system model. In addition, a continuous RISE feedback law is judiciously integrated to deal with the residual unknown dynamics. Since the major unknown dynamics can be estimated by the RBFNN and then compensated in the feedforward design, the high‐gain feedback issue in RISE feedback control will be avoided. The proposed RISE‐based neural network robust controller theoretically guarantees an excellent semi‐global asymptotic stability. Comparative simulation is performed on a 3‐DOF hydraulic manipulator, and the obtained results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase inside the P22 virus‐like particle for controlling enzyme–substrate interactions
Authors: Patterson Dustin , Draper Derek , Anazia Kara , Hjorth Christy , Bird Jessica , Fancher Shandis , Azghani Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractControlling interactions between enzymes and interaction partners, such as substrates, is important for applications in cellular biology and molecular biochemistry. A strategy for controlling enzyme access with substrate interaction partners is to exploit encapsulation of enzymes inside nanoparticles to limit the accessibility of the enzymes to large macromolecules, but allow free exchange of small‐molecule substrates. The research here evaluates the encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase inside the bacteriophage P22 virus‐like particle (VLP) to examine the ability to allow free soluble substrates access to the enzyme while blocking large macromolecular substrate interactions. The results show that the active elastase protease can be encapsulated inside the P22 VLP, which blocks its ability to disrupt cell monolayers, but allows soluble substrates to be catalytically cleaved, supporting the viability of this approach for future investigations.
Microbial maintenance energy quantified and modeled with microcalorimetry
Authors: Hunt Kristopher A. , von Netzer Frederick , Gorman‐Lewis Drew , Stahl David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRefining the energetic costs of cellular maintenance is essential for predicting microbial growth and survival in the environment. Here, we evaluate a simple batch culture method to quantify energy partitioning between growth and maintenance using microcalorimetry and thermodynamic modeling. The constants derived from the batch culture system were comparable to those that have been reported from meta‐analyses of data derived from chemostat studies. The model accurately predicted temperature‐dependent biomass yield and the upper temperature limit of growth for Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20, suggesting the method may have broad application. An Arrhenius temperature dependence for the specific energy consumption rate, inferred from substrate consumption and heat evolution, was observed over the entire viable temperature range. By combining this relationship for specific energy consumption rates and observed specific growth rates, the model describes an increase in nongrowth associated maintenance at higher temperatures and the corresponding decrease in energy available for growth. This analytical and thermodynamic formulation suggests that simply monitoring heat evolution in batch culture could be a useful complement to the recognized limitations of estimating maintenance using extrapolation to zero growth in chemostats.
The effect of acrylic silane crosslinker on room‐temperature cured acrylate binder for road markings
Authors: Jang Dong Gyu , Lim Won‐Bin , Bae Ji‐Hong , Lee Ju‐Hong , Min Jin‐Gyu , Kim Ju‐Won , Yoon Keun‐Byoung , Huh PilHo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn acrylic binder with excellent physical properties is prepared using copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate monomer (BAM), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2‐HEMA), 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA), and additives. The obtained acrylic resins are subjected to a redox initiator system (ROIS) for room temperature curing. The effects of the TMSPMA concentration and [acryl‐copolymer]/[2‐HEMA] ratio on backbone content are studied in terms of traffic marking paint. The mechanical and morphological properties are thoroughly evaluated using universal testing machine (UTM), UV spectrum, and SEM. With increasing TMSPMA content, the adhesive strength and transmittance of the cured resins increase up to a limiting value of TMSPMA content because of the optimizing crosslink network in backbone structure. The introduction of TMSPMA may be effectively attributed to strong adhesive and high transparency of an acrylic resin series. Consequently, acrylic resins with optimal TMSPMA content can be mostly utilized as a high‐performance binder in the traffic marking paint field.
The development of reputational capital – How social media influencers differ from traditional celebrities
Authors: Hess Alexandra C. , Dodds Sarah , Rahman Nadia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial media influencers (SMI) have grown in importance as a promotional channel. However, little is known about how they build reputational capital and thus endorsement effectiveness, particularly compared to traditional celebrity endorsers. From a consumers' perspective, this research investigates both types of endorsers in different stages of the Celebrity Capital Life Cycle (CCLC). Across three studies, we find that parasocial relationships and interactions with consumers are paramount for SMIs reputational capital and endorsement effectiveness, yet not critical for traditional celebrities. Further, a consumer's perceived weak parasocial relationship/interaction with SMIs can be detrimental to their effectiveness yet has little impact on traditional celebrities' influence. We find that the positive effect of a SMI with high parasocial relationship/interaction with consumers on Word of Mouth (i.e., endorsers effectiveness) is mediated by expectation fulfillment and brand endorsers' credibility (i.e., reputation capital). This research discovers how important parasocial relationships with consumers are for SMIs in comparison to traditional celebrities; importantly this is the first research that empirically identifies how SMIs can gain and maintain reputation capital and subsequently be more effective as brand endorsers. Our findings have important implications for marketing professionals who are managing SMIs.
Clinical outcomes following single access transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Aroney Nicholas P. , Patterson Tiffany , Kalogeropoulos Andreas , Allen Christopher J. , Hurrell Harriet , Chehab Omar , Grapsa Julia , Rajani Ronak , Prendergast Bernard , Redwood Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe describe the first experience using calcification of anatomical landmarks to obviate the need for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) alignment aortography and secondary TAVI access.BackgroundTAVI alignment conventionally involves secondary femoral access for contrast aortography using a second catheter. Secondary femoral access accounts for up to 25% of all vascular complications. Heavily calcified aortic leaflets are often visible fluoroscopically and can act as markers for TAVI alignment.MethodsWe considered 100 consecutive patients for transfemoral TAVI. The first group was considered for a conventional dual access technique and the subsequent group was considered for a single access technique. Relevant baseline, and procedural and outcome measures were recorded.ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves (THV) were used in all cases. THV implantation was successful in 100% of cases with no procedural or in‐hospital mortality. Procedural time and contrast use were lower in the single access group. There were no Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 major vascular complications with the single access technique.ConclusionsThis is the first study describing the use of calcification of anatomical landmarks to obviate the need for secondary TAVI access. Notable observations included successful device implantation in all cases, no VARC‐2 major vascular complications, comparable rates of paravalvular leak and permanent pacemaker requirement, shorter procedural times, and lower contrast use. Single access TAVI is a viable alternative technique to minimize vascular access, contrast use, and procedural duration in experienced centers and with selected patients, allowing successful device implantation and low complication rates while further streamlining TAVI workflow.
Case of non‐secretory multiple myeloma eventually diagnosed by 18F‐FDG PET/CT
Authors: Haratake Daisuke , Kanno Keishi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Ito Masanori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon‐secretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is a rare type of multiple myeloma characterized by the absence of the M protein, making its diagnosis challenging. Here, we report a 67‐year‐old female patient eventually diagnosed as NSMM with positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging as a clue.
Acene Size‐Dependent Transition of The Radical Centers From the Metal to The Acene Parts In Monocationic Dinuclear (Diethynylacene)diyl Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Kawano Reo , Akita Munetaka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractControlling radical localization/delocalization is important for functional materials. The present paper describes synthesis and results of electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of diruthenium (p‐diethynylacene)diyl complexes, Me3Si‐(C≡C)2‐Ru(dppe)2‐C≡C−Ar‐C≡C−Ru(dppe)2‐(C≡C)2‐SiMe3 (1–6) (dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), and their monocationic radical species ([1]+–[6]+). The HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps can be finely tuned by the acene rings in the bridging ligands installed, as indicated by the absorption maxima of the electronic spectra of 1–6 ranging from the UV region even to the NIR region. The cationic species [1]+–[6]+ show two characteristic NIR bands, which are ascribed to the charge resonance (CR) and π‐π* transition bands, as revealed by spectroelectrochemistry. Expansion of the acene rings in [1]+–[6]+ causes (1) blue shifts of the CR bands and red shifts of the π‐π* transition bands and (2) charge localization on the acene parts as evidenced by the ESR, DFT and TD‐DFT analyses. Notably, the monocationic complexes of the larger acene derivatives are characterized as the non‐classical acene‐localized radicals.
Carba Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Improved Oxidation Resistance and Reduced Risk of Quinoid Metabolite Formation
Authors: Wurm Konrad W. , Bartz Frieda‐Marie , Schulig Lukas , Bodtke Anja , Bednarski Patrick J. , Link Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe KV7 potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have been valuable options in the therapy of pain and epilepsy. However, as a result of adverse reactions, both drugs are currently no longer in therapeutic use. The flupirtine‐induced liver injury and the retigabine linked tissue discolouration do not appear related at first glance; nevertheless, both events can be attributed to the triaminoaryl scaffold, which is affected by oxidation leading to elusive reactive quinone diimine or azaquinone diimine metabolites. Since the mechanism of action, i. e. KV7 channel opening, seems not to be involved in toxicity, this study aimed to further develop safer replacements for flupirtine and retigabine. In a ligand‐based design strategy, replacing amino substituents of the triaminoaryl core with alkyl substituents led to carba analogues with improved oxidation resistance and negligible risk of quinoid metabolite formation. In addition to these improved safety features, some of the novel analogues exhibited significantly improved KV7.2/3 channel opening activity, indicated by an up to 13‐fold increase in potency and an efficacy of up to 176 % compared to flupirtine, thus being attractive candidates for further development.
Characterization of new psychoactive substances by integrating benchtop NMR to multi‐technique databases
Authors: Castaing‐Cordier Thomas , Benavides Restrepo Alejandra , Dubois Damien , Ladroue Virginie , Besacier Fabrice , Buleté Audrey , Charvoz Céline , Goupille Anais , Jacquemin Denis , Giraudeau Patrick , Farjon Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNew psychoactive substances (NPS) have become a serious threat for public health due to their ability to be sold in the street or on internet. NPS are either derived from commercial drugs which are misused (recreational rather than medical use) or whose structure is slightly modified. To regulate NPS, it is essential to accurately characterize them, either to recognize molecules that were previously identified or to quickly elucidate the structure of unknown ones. Most approaches rely on the determination of the exact mass obtained by high‐resolution mass spectrometry requiring expensive equipment. This motivated us to develop a workflow in which the elucidation is assisted with databases and does not need the exact mass. This workflow combines 1D and 2D NMR measurements performed on a benchtop spectrometer with IR spectroscopy, for creating a multi‐technique database to characterize pure and mixed NPS. The experimental database was created with 57 entries mostly coming from seizures, mainly cathinones, cannabinoids, amphetamines, arylcyclohexylamines, and fentanyl. A blind validation of the workflow was carried out on a set of six unknown seizures. In the first three cases, AF, AB‐FUBINACA, and a mixture of 2C‐I and 2C‐E could be straightforwardly identified with the help of their reference spectra in the database. The two next samples were elucidated for the first time with the help of the database to reveal NEK and MPHP substances. Finally, a precise quantification of each characterized NPS was obtained in order to track NPS trafficking networks.
A Three‐Way Regioselective Synthesis of Amino Acid Decorated Imidazole, Purine and Pyrimidine Derivatives by Multicomponent Chemistry Starting from Prebiotic Diaminomaleonitrile
Authors: Bizzarri Bruno Mattia , Fanelli Angelica , Cesarini Silvia , Saladino Raffaele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmino acid decorated imidazole, pyrimidine and purine derivatives, resembling analogues of peptide nucleic acid's building blocks, have been synthesized by a three‐way multicomponent chemistry of diaminomaleonitrile, one of the most studied chemical precursors in prebiotic chemistry. The regioselectivity of the multicomponent reaction between diaminomaleonitrile, trimethyl orthoacetate and a selected panel of α‐amino acids, was controlled by the energy source used for triggering the condensation. Imidazole derivatives were obtained under thermal condition, while photochemical and combined photothermal conditions afforded pyrimidine and purine derivatives, respectively. The three synthetic pathways were independent of each other, the type of product being controlled by the chemical intermediates prevailing in the reaction mixture. In addition to the synthetic potential of these multicomponent reactions in the preparation of a large variety of heterocycles, the control of the synthesis of peptide nucleic acid's building blocks, simply by changing the nature of the energy source, further enlarged the chemical complexity available in prebiotic conditions for the emergence of pristine pre‐genetic codes.
Mission‐centric decision support in cybersecurity via Bayesian Privilege Attack Graph
Authors: Javorník Michal , Husák Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an approach to decision support in cybersecurity with respect to cyber threats and stakeholders' requirements. We approach situations in which cybersecurity experts need to take actions to mitigate the risks, such as temporarily putting an IT system out of operation, but need to consult them with other stakeholders. We propose a decision support system that uses a mission decomposition model representing the organization's functional and security requirements on its IT infrastructure. Based on the cybersecurity state assessment, that is, discovery of vulnerabilities and attacker's position, the decision support system calculates the resilience metrics for each IT infrastructure's configuration, that is, how likely are they to not be disrupted. The calculation is enabled by two novel formal models, Privilege‐Exploit Attack Graph and Bayesian Privilege Attack Graph, which reduce complex attack graphs into a comprehensible bipartite graph. Moreover, they illustrate the impact of exploiting the vulnerabilities and attackers gaining the privileges. The system recommends the most resilient mission configurations that are comprehensible to both cybersecurity experts and non‐technical stakeholders, who may then choose which configuration to apply. Our approach is illustrated in a case study of a real‐world medical information system.