bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review of spontaneously reported data from the UK, Europe and the USA and of the scientific literature
Authors: Lane Samantha , Yeomans Alison , Shakir Saad 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo combine spontaneously reported data from multiple countries to estimate reporting rate, and better understand risk factors for myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines.DesignSystematic review of spontaneously reported data from UK, USA and European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and of the scientific literature.Data sourcesUK Yellow Card scheme, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), EudraVigilance were searched from date of vaccine launch to 14 March 2022–16 March 2022. PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched to 15 March 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included publicly available spontaneous reporting data for ‘Myocarditis’ and ‘Pericarditis’ from UK, USA and EU/EEA following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Pharmacoepidemiological observational studies investigating myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were included (no restrictions on language or date). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools assessed study quality.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers extracted data. Events of myocarditis and pericarditis were presented for each data source, stratified by vaccine, age, sex and dose (where available). Reporting rates were calculated for myocarditis and pericarditis for each population. For published pharmacoepidemiological studies, design, participant characteristics, and study results were tabulated.ResultsOverall, 18 204 myocarditis and pericarditis events were submitted to the UK, USA and EU/EEA regulators during the study period. Males represented 62.24% (n=11 331) of myocarditis and pericarditis reports. In the UK and USA, most reports concerned vaccinees aged <40 years (59.7% and 47.3% of reported events, respectively); trends in age were less clear for EU/EEA. Reports were more frequent following a second dose (47.1% of reports, where data available). Reporting rates were consistent between the data sources. Thirty-two pharmacoepidemiological studies were included; results were consistent with our spontaneous report analyses.ConclusionsYounger vaccinees more frequently report myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines than older vaccinees. Results from published literature supported the results of our analyses.
Adjustments of non-invasive ventilation and mechanically assisted cough by combining ultrasound imaging of the larynx with transnasal fibre-optic laryngoscopy: a protocol for an experimental study
Authors: Brekka Anne Kristine , Vollsæter Maria , Ntoumenopoulos George , Clemm Hege Havstad , Halvorsen Thomas , Røksund Ola Drange , Andersen Tiina Maarit 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionApplication of non-invasive positive airway pressure may provoke laryngeal responses that obstruct the airways, especially in patients with disturbed laryngeal control. To control and adjust for this, transnasal fibre-optic laryngoscopy (TFL) is used to visualise laryngeal movements during therapeutic interventions. Being an invasive procedure, this may be unpleasant for patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if ultrasound (US) imaging of the larynx may be used as an alternative less invasive diagnostic tool for evaluating the upper airway responses to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI-E).Methods and analysisThis protocol presents an experimental cross-sectional study of a novel method to study laryngeal responses in adult healthy volunteers (n=30). The participants will be assessed with simultaneous TFL and laryngeal US imaging (anterior and lateral approaches) during NIV and MI-E therapy. Additionally, airflow and pressure signals will be registered during the procedures. The primary outcome is whether laryngeal US is a feasible method to study laryngeal responses and, if so, to compare the laryngeal responses visualised with TFL and US. The participants’ perception of the examinations will be recorded. Secondary outcomes include airflow curve shapes and calculated ventilation volumes during the interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by The Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics in Norway, and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, presentation of scientific abstracts at international medical conventions and oral presentations in relevant medical conventions.Trial registration numberNCT04586855.
Experiences of older immigrants living with dementia and their carers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Chejor Pelden , Laging Bridget , Whitehead Lisa , Porock Davina 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically review and synthesise evidence on the experiences of older immigrants living with dementia and their carers.DesignA systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.MethodsStudies exploring the experiences of older immigrants living with dementia and their carers were eligible. Databases were searched including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to April 2021. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies. Data were then synthesised using the thematic synthesis approach.ResultsThe results of this meta-synthesis were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statement. A total of 3857 studies were returned from the database search. Eighteen studies were included for meta-synthesis. Five synthesised findings were identified: living with dementia and caregiving; family relationships; barriers to dementia care services; stigma and discrimination; and legal and financial issues. The experiences of living with dementia and caregiving presented multiple challenges for older immigrants living with dementia and their families. However, there seems to be very little difference between the experiences of those who have migrated to a new country and those who were born and aged in the same country, but the ability to access and use the available services is different.ConclusionA lack of culturally appropriate dementia services, language barriers and dementia stigma can impede access to dementia care for older immigrants. Strategies to mitigate these barriers are urgently needed to ensure people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds with dementia and their families have the information, education and support to access dementia services, in addition to research that explores the experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021277913.
Association between social support, smartphone usage and loneliness among the migrant elderly following children in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Guangwen , Li Shixue , Kong Fanlei 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesAs the fast population ageing in the past few decades, China has also witnessed an increase in the number of migrant elderly following children (MEFC). This study aims to examine the relationship between MEFC’s social support, smartphone usage and loneliness in Jinan, China.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingShandong Province, China.ParticipantsThe participants were 656 MEFC aged 60 years or above.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLoneliness was measured by an eight-item version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). A t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted to compare the level of loneliness across different sociodemographic variables, social support indicators and smartphone usage indicators. Structural equation modelling was used to validate the association between the above variables.ResultsThe MEFC’s mean score on the ULS-8 was 12.82±4.05, indicating a relatively lower level of loneliness. It was found that social support and smartphone usage exerted negative effects on loneliness of the MEFC, and the standardised direct effects were −0.165 (95% CI −0.257 to −0.070) and −0.094 (95% CI −0.180 to −0.003), respectively. Social support was found to be positively associated with smartphone usage of the MEFC, and the standardised direct effect was 0.147 (95% CI 0.052 to 0.246).ConclusionsThe loneliness of the MEFC was relatively low and was clarified to be negatively associated with social support and smartphone usage. Effective intervention measures on social support and smartphone usage to alleviate loneliness among the MEFC in China were recommended based on this study.
Cohort profile: the Taicang and Wuqiang mother–child cohort study (TAWS) in China
Authors: Wang Jie , Duan Yifan , Yang Jiaxi , Li Jun , Li Fang , Zhou Pinjiao , Liu Changqing , Zhao Yongli , Gu Xuyang , Yuan Changzheng , Yin Shian , Yang Zhenyu , Lai Jianqiang 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe Taicang and Wuqiang cohort study (TAWS) was established to examine the association between early-life nutrition and children’s health, and to explore the potential roles of maternal health, metabolites and microbiota in children’s health in two different regions of China.ParticipantsA total of 7041 mother–child pairs were recruited during early pregnancy (n=4035, 57.3%) or delivery phase (n=3006, 42.7%) from health centres or hospitals in Taicang and Wuqiang. Mother–child pairs were followed up three times during pregnancy, once during delivery, and 7–10 times in the 3 years after delivery. Questionnaires were used to collect data on diet, supplementary intake, physical activity, depression scale, disease occurrence, feeding practice and development quotient of children. Anthropometric measurements of mothers and their children were assessed at each visit. Pregnancy outcomes were extracted from medical records. Biospecimens were collected and stored, including venous blood, cord blood, urine, stool, breast milk, cord and placenta.Findings to dateData from the TAWS cohort showed different baseline characteristics of participants at the two sites of TAWS. Abnormal metabolism occurred among newborns whose mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Maternal serum folic acid above 14.5 ng/mL at early pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of delivering small-for-gestational-age newborns.Future plansThe association between maternal nutrition and the health of offspring will be examined at various follow-up visits. Biomarkers will be analysed to assess the associations between early-life nutrition and child development, immunity and health. Strategic recommendations for optimal infant feeding practices, obesity prevention and routine healthcare items will be developed and proposed based on the findings from the study. Children in this prospective cohort study will be followed up once a year until age 12 years to further examine the relationships between early-life nutrition and children’s long-term development and health.
Correlation between preseason body composition and sports injury in an English Premier League professional football team
Authors: Seow Dexter , Massey Andrew 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the correlation between preseason body composition and incidence coupled with injury burden throughout the season in adult male professional football players.MethodsA retrospective case series was performed for linear regression analysis of preseason body composition variables and injury data. R2>0.10 was deemed of adequate correlation.ResultsAll 36 professional football players in the male first team of an English Premier League professional football team were recruited, with none lost to follow-up. The total and mean incidence of injuries was 83.00 and 2.31 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.89), respectively. The mean injury burden was 58.32 (95% CI 37.67 to 78.98) days missed. Simple linear regression analysis indicated no significant or adequate correlations between incidence and preseason body composition variables. Injury burden revealed non-significant adequate negative correlations to body mass (R2=0.17), body mass index (BMI) (R2=0.15), waist circumference (R2=0.17), total bone mineral density (BMD) (R2=0.11) and mean embedded structures (R2=0.10).ConclusionsPlayers with decreased body mass, BMI, waist circumference, total BMD and mean embedded structures may be prone to greater injury burden. Further studies with a larger sample size that incorporates multiple football teams are warranted to investigate this.
Vitruvian plot: a visualisation tool for multiple outcomes in network meta-analysis
Authors: Ostinelli Edoardo Giuseppe , Efthimiou Orestis , Naci Huseyin , Furukawa Toshi A , Leucht Stefan , Salanti Georgia , Wainwright Laurence , Zangani Caroline , De Crescenzo Franco , Smith Katharine , Stevens Katherine , Liu Qiang , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveA network meta-analysis (NMA) usually assesses multiple outcomes across several treatment comparisons. TheVitruvian plotaims to facilitate communication of multiple outcomes from NMAs to patients and clinicians.MethodsWe developed this tool following the recommendations on the communication of benefit–risk information from the available literature. We collected and implemented feedback from researchers, statisticians, methodologists, clinicians and people with lived experience of physical and mental health issues.ResultsWe present theVitruvian plot, which graphically presents absolute estimates and relative performance of competing interventions against a common comparator for several outcomes of interest. We use two alternative colour schemes to highlight either the strength of statistical evidence or the confidence in the evidence. Confidence in the evidence is evaluated across six domains (within-study bias, reporting bias, indirectness, imprecision, heterogeneity and incoherence) using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) system.ConclusionsTheVitruvian plotallows reporting of multiple outcomes from NMAs, with colourings appropriate to inform credibility of the presented evidence.
Public Engagement Improvement in STI Policies: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sadabadi Ali Asghar , Rad Zohreh Rahimi 
Published: May 2022

Studies show that actors who are directly involved with science, technology and innovation (STI), such as scientists and managers, are more likely to participate. Therefore, policy documents, as an important guiding factor, need to emphasize the engagement of various stakeholders. On the other hand, due to the need for innovative models in public engagement, social innovation has provided new ways to promote it. Therefore, this study aims to strengthen public engagement in STI policies through social innovation in Iran. In order to data gathering, questionnaires, interviews, document analysis and literature review were used in different stages of the research. In the first step, after interviewing experts on the dimensions and components of public engagement in STI, in the context of macro-policy documents, a model was extracted using thematic analysis and fuzzy delphi techniques. Then, in the second step, this study identified the statements related to public engagement in STI in macro-policy documents using quantitative content analysis, and thus the degree of attention to public engagement in STI macro-policy documents was determined. In the next step, this study sought to find solutions to its weaknesses in STI by examining the opinions of knowledgeable people about public engagement methods. Then, these solutions were evaluated in terms of their relevance to the Iranian context and social innovativeness, and finally, the selected solutions were ranked by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.
Financial and Non-Financial Tools Useful for Exhaustive Corporate Environmental Disclosure and Practices
Authors: Barbu Elena M. , Ionescu-Feleagă Liliana , Ferrat Yann 
Published: May 2022

This paper offers our insights concerning the issues raised by Prof. Charitou (2022) [Discussion of “The evolution of environmental reporting in Europe: The role of financial and non-financial regulation”. The International Journal of Accounting, 57, a–b] in commentaries on the article “The Evolution of Environmental Reporting in Europe: The Role of Financial and Non-Financial Regulation” [Barbu, E. M., Feleaga, L., & Ferrat, Y. (2022). The International Journal of Accounting, 57, c–d]. As suggested by Charitou (2022), we explain the pertinence of our financial environmental grid of 12 items based on IAS/IFRS, and we propose a complementary non-financial environmental grid of almost 100 elements useful to ensure an exhaustive analysis of corporate environmental disclosure and environmental governance. Furthermore, we analyzed the results through the influence of national regulation on environmental disclosure and practices, and we explain why it is important to work on the synergy among environmental, social, and economic pillars and with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to improve corporate social and environmental responsibility.
Sex Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Related Left Ventricular Remodeling: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Shang Yongning , Zhang Yulin , Leng Weiling , Lei Xiaotian , Chen Liu , Zhou Xiaoyue , Liang Ziwen , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2022

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sex differences in myocardial structure, tissue characteristics, and myocardial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods. A total of 62 T2DM patients and 40 controls were prospectively recruited for the study. All the participants were scanned using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cine and underwent native and postcontrast T1 mapping to obtain left ventricular (LV) structure, function, and tissue characteristics. The differences between the control and T2DM patients were compared in males and females, respectively. Results. For myocardial structure, T2DM was associated with a larger ratio of myocardial mass to end-diastolic volume (MVR, T2DM:

0.87
±
0.20

vs. controls:

0.73
±
0.14

,

p
=
0.008

) and thicker wall thickness (WT, T2DM:

6.5
±
1.1

mm vs. controls:

5.6
±
1.0

mm,

p
=
0.002

) in females. For tissue characteristics, T2DM was associated with a similar T1 value, elevated extracellular volume fraction (ECV, T2DM:

27.8
±
3.6

% vs. controls:

25.1
±
2.5

%,

p
=
0.002

), and increased extracellular matrix volume index (ECMVi, T2DM:

15.8
±
3.8

ml/m2 vs. controls:

13.4
±
2.7

ml/m2,

p
=
0.008

) in males. For myocardial function, in male, compared with control, T2DM was associated with decreased peak longitudinal diastolic strain rate (PLDSR, T2DM:

0.97
±
0.19

1/s vs. control:

1.13
±
0.29

1/s,

p
=
0.030

). Conclusions. There might be sex differences in myocardial remodeling induced by T2DM, including LV structural concentric remodeling in female patients and extracellular matrix remodeling and subclinical diastolic dysfunction in male patients.
Shattering the Concept of EU Citizenship? The Potential Impact of Brexit and Potential Secession of Catalonia on EU Citizenship
Authors: Schewe Christoph 
Published: May 2022

In 2020, Brexit dominated the political agenda of the EU for its considerable consequences. One important aspect, however, has surprisingly been neglected: the question what Brexit means to the concept of EU citizenship.
Apart from the specific relevance for citizens, the effects of Brexit on rights granted under EU citizenship are of importance for the abstract concept of EU citizenship. Differently from market freedoms – which are intrinsically linked to the market, where workers as economic actors may be constantly affected by the changing economic policies of their national States and of their trade partners – EU citizenship also has a unique political and ideological basis and hence partially follows different aims. Its concept fundamentally differs, as it is intended to establish a bond existing beyond the market and – by attributing to EU citizens a fundamental status – is directly addressed to citizens as citizens, not as economic actors. The perspective of a disorderly Brexit with the consequence of Article 50 (3) teu, that “[…] the Treaties cease to apply […]”, depriving EU/ UK citizens of all corresponding rights against their will, would mean a severe setback to this concept and thus expose it as a hollow ideology. This message, however, would not only concern citizens who lose these rights but would, moreover, affect the entire concept in the EU27.
While being raised in the context of Brexit, this aspect goes beyond, given that the same question is raised in the context of potential secessions from EU Member States and the fate of their citizens, for instance Catalunya where Catalan citizens might immediately be stripped of EU citizenship whether they would have opted for Catalan independence or not.
A New Algorithm for Estimating Low Cloud-Base Height in Southwest China
Authors: Wang Rongjiang , Zhou Renjun , Yang Shuping , Li Rui , Pu Jiangping , Liu Kaiyu , Deng Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of low clouds significantly affects flight safety in Southwest China. However, relevant cloud parameters, especially low cloud-base height (LCBH), lack accurate forecasts. Based on the hourly atmospheric vertical profiles of ERA5 from 2008 to 2019, we developed a new algorithm for estimating LCBH by combining relative humidity (RH) threshold methods with convective condensation level (CCL) (RHs-CCL). To evaluate the performance of RHs-CCL, we use it to estimate the hourly LCBH of airports in Southwest China and compare the results with those based on the ground-based observations and the ERA5 CBH data. Using the observations as a ground truth, we compare the RHs-CCL algorithm with several existing algorithms with the following findings: 1) The correlation coefficient between RHs-CCL and observations reaches 0.5 on average, and the error of RHs-CCL is smaller than those of existing algorithms, with the minimum mean absolute error and root-mean-square error at the four airports studies being able to reach 243 and 321 m. 2) The bias score of RHs-CCL is 0.97 on average, and low clouds classification utilizing RHs-CCL attains the highest accuracy, up to 86%. 3) The errors of ERA5 CBH are the largest when compared with the others. 4) By implementing convective cloud occurrence condition and CCL, RHs-CCL has better applicability in regions of enhanced convective activity. These results suggest the potential of RHs-CCL as an algorithm moving forward for improvement of the LCBH estimates based upon high-resolution reanalysis products and for better predictions of the LCBH utilizing outputs from numerical weather prediction models.

Significance Statement
The new algorithm developed in this study can accurately estimate low cloud-base heights from vertical profiles of atmospheric variables. It provides us a much more computationally efficient approach for predicting low cloud-base height relative to running cloud models, which is critical for weather forecasting at locations lacking computational resources and/or cloud modeling capability. In areas such as Southwest China, low clouds are very common, and they pose major threats to aviation safety. The new algorithm has been successfully integrated into the daily operation at Guiyang Airport in Southwest China and demonstrated excellent skills in estimating cloud-base heights. The implementation of the algorithm in aviation forecasting over a broader region is on the horizon.