bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of strain, inter-layer interaction and critical current in CORC® wires under axial strain by T-A modeling
Authors: Wang K , Gao Y W , Anvar V A , Radcliff K , Weiss J D , van der Laan D C , Zhou Y H , Nijhuis A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Superconducting conductors on round core (CORC®) cables and wires can meet the needs of large high-field magnets, such as particle accelerators and compact nuclear fusion machines, due to their simple cabling process, high current-carrying capacity and reliable operation under high mechanical stresses. Many high-field magnets require CORC® cables to carry a current of thousands of amperes in a background magnetic field exceeding 20 T. As a result, the large electromagnetic forces will deform the cable in the axial direction due to hoop stress and in the transverse direction by compressive stress. Therefore, it is essential to determine the irreversible deformation limit of the CORC® cable under axial tensile load and optimize the cabling parameters to potentially extend this limit. Analytical and numerical methods are developed to assess the performance degradation of CORC® wires under axial tensile load. The strain level, interlayer contact pressure and friction and their impact on the critical current are calculated by combining the mechanical response and the T-A method. Analyzing the results shows that the winding angle of the tape and the Poisson’s ratio of the inner core are key factors affecting the irreversible tensile strain limit of CORC® wires. The smaller the winding angle and the higher the Poisson’s ratio of the inner core, the higher the irreversible tensile strain limit. For multi-layer CORC® wires, the initial contact pressure caused by the cabling process must also be considered. The inter-layer interaction is coupled with the tape strain of each layer. The results of this research can serve as a basis for optimizing and designing CORC® wires with extended irreversible strain limits.
Materials for a broadband microwave superconducting single photon detector
Authors: Lubsanov Viktor , Gurtovoi Vladimir , Semenov Alexander , Glushkov Evgenii , Antonov Vladimir , Astafiev Oleg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we develop and study superconducting materials for a broadband microwave single-photon detector for wide-range applications in superconducting quantum devices. Ideal materials of this type should have a superconducting gap of the order of 10 GHz (0.2 K), and possess a normal sheet resistance of the order of 50

Ω

. We find that Ti/Pt bilayers are good candidates: it enables to vary the superconducting transition temperature in a wide range, from 0.1 to 0.4 K, and the sheet resistance in the range from 10 to 50

Ω

. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of a low-level microwave power detector based on a nanobridge made of a designed Ti/Pt bilayer. The response to the absorbed microwave power is consistent with the picture of the kinetic inductance detection in superconductors. The extracted response time corresponds to the recombination of quasiparticles with the emission of a photon to the microwave line.
Review on terpenoid mediated nanoparticles: significance, mechanism, and biomedical applications
Authors: Venkata Amrutha Lakshmi Konduru , Sivaram Salini , M Sajeet , P M Sanjay , Srilakshman G , Muthuraman Meenakshi Sundaram 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The increasing incorporation of colloidal metal nanoparticles in various fields of science has increased the need to synthesise colloidal nanoparticles through economically viable and environmentally friendly methods. Synthesising nanoparticles using plant extracts is one such method. Plant secondary metabolites like polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannic acids, and proteins reduce the metal ions resulting in colloidal nanoparticles and also stabilise them. Terpenoids are the most abundant and structurally distinct plant hydrocarbons capable of reducing metallic ions to corresponding nanoparticles. Terpenoids, in general, have excellent antibacterial properties. However, a detailed analysis of the synthesis, mechanism of action, and application has been very limited. Therefore, this review emphasises the significance of terpenoids and the biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using terpenoids, their ability in reducing and stabilising metal ions, their application in the area of biomedicine such as wound dressings, as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, larvicidal, anti-fouling, nano-drugs and future trends of terpenoid mediated colloidal nanoparticles.
The potential for Treg-enhancing therapies in tissue, in particular skeletal muscle, regeneration
Authors: Hanna Bola S , Yaghi Omar K , Langston P Kent , Mathis Diane 
Published: August 2022

SummaryFoxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are famous for their role in maintaining immunological tolerance. With their distinct transcriptomes, growth-factor dependencies and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires, Tregs in nonlymphoid tissues, termed “tissue-Tregs,” also perform a variety of functions to help assure tissue homeostasis. For example, they are important for tissue repair and regeneration after various types of injury, both acute and chronic. They exert this influence by controlling both the inflammatory tenor and the dynamics of the parenchymal progenitor-cell pool in injured tissues, thereby promoting efficient repair and limiting fibrosis. Thus, tissue-Tregs are seemingly attractive targets for immunotherapy in the context of tissue regeneration, offering several advantages over existing therapies. Using skeletal muscle as a model system, we discuss the existing literature on Tregs’ role in tissue regeneration in acute and chronic injuries, and various approaches for their therapeutic modulation in such contexts, including exercise as a natural Treg modulator.
COVID-19 infection and vaccination in immunodeficiency
Authors: Piano Mortari Eva , Pulvirenti Federica 
Published: August 2022

SummaryDuring the last 2 years and a half, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, causing about 6 million deaths. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from entirely asymptomatic infection to multiorgan failure and death. The outcome in immunocompromised patients is still a matter of debate, and so are the optimal strategies to prevent or treat the infection in these high-risk populations.
Somatosensory targeted memory reactivation enhances motor performance via hippocampal-mediated plasticity
Authors: Veldman Menno P , Dolfen Nina , Gann Mareike A , Van Roy Anke , Peeters Ronald , King Bradley R , Albouy Geneviève 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that reactivation of newly acquired memory traces during postlearning wakefulness plays an important role in memory consolidation. Here, we sought to boost the reactivation of a motor memory trace during postlearning wakefulness (quiet rest) immediately following learning using somatosensory targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of the reactivation process as well as the effect of the TMR intervention on brain responses elicited by task practice on 24 healthy young adults. Behavioral data of the post-TMR retest session showed a faster learning rate for the motor sequence that was reactivated as compared to the not-reactivated sequence. Brain imaging data revealed that motor, parietal, frontal, and cerebellar brain regions, which were recruited during initial motor learning, were specifically reactivated during the TMR episode and that hippocampo-frontal connectivity was modulated by the reactivation process. Importantly, the TMR-induced behavioral advantage was paralleled by dynamical changes in hippocampal activity and hippocampo-motor connectivity during task practice. Altogether, the present results suggest that somatosensory TMR during postlearning quiet rest can enhance motor performance via the modulation of hippocampo-cortical responses.
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Markers Are Associated With Physiologic Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Oursler Krisann K , Marconi Vincent C , Wang Zeyuan , Xu Ke , Montano Monty , So-Armah Kaku , Justice Amy C , Sun Yan V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Biomarkers that provide insight into drivers of aging are needed for people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The study objective was to determine if epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) markers are associated with physiologic frailty measured by the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index and predict all-cause mortality for PWH.

Methods
Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was profiled in VACS total white blood cell samples collected during 2005–2007 from 531 PWH to generate 6 established markers of EAA. The association of each EAA marker was tested with VACS Index 2.0. All-cause mortality was assessed over 10 years. For each EAA marker, the hazard ratio per increased year was determined using Cox regression. To evaluate mortality discrimination, C-statistics were derived.

Results
Participants were mostly men (98.5%) and non-Hispanic Black (84.4%), with a mean age of 52.4 years (standard deviation [SD], 7.8 years). Mean VACS Index score was 59.3 (SD, 16.4) and 136 deaths occurred over a median follow-up of 8.7 years. Grim age acceleration (AA), PhenoAA, HannumAA, and extrinsic epigenetic AA were associated with the VACS Index and mortality. HorvathAA and intrinsic epigenetic AA were not associated with either outcome. GrimAA had the greatest mortality discrimination among EAA markers and predicted mortality independently of the VACS Index. One-year increase in GrimAA was associated with a 1-point increase in VACS Index and a 10% increased hazard for mortality.

Conclusions
The observed associations between EAA markers with physiologic frailty and mortality support future research to provide mechanistic insight into the accelerated aging process and inform interventions tailored to PWH for promoting increased healthspan.
Genomic and transcriptomic variation in Bordetella spp. following induction of erythromycin resistance
Authors: Fong Winkie , Timms Verlaine , Sim Eby , Pey Keenan , Nguyen Trang , Sintchenko Vitali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The emergence of macrolide resistance in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene has been recently recognized. However, resistance mechanisms to macrolides in Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella holmesii remain unknown.

Objectives
This study investigated genomic changes induced by in vitro exposure to erythromycin in these three main pathogens responsible for pertussis-like disease.

Methods
A set of 10 clinical and reference strains of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. holmesii was exposed to erythromycin for 15 weeks or 30 subculture passages. Antibiotic pressure was achieved by growth on the selective media with erythromycin Etest strips or impregnated discs. Genome polymorphisms and transcriptomic profiles were examined by short- and long-read sequencing of passaged isolates.

Results
B. parapertussis and B. holmesii isolates developed significant in vitro resistance to erythromycin (MIC &gt;256 mg/L) within 2 to 7 weeks and at 5 to 12 weeks, respectively. B. pertussis remained phenotypically susceptible to the antibiotic following 15 weeks of exposure, with the MIC between 0.032 to 0.38 mg/L. Genomic analysis revealed that B. holmesii developed resistance due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The resistance mechanism in B. parapertussis was hypothesized as being due to upregulation of an efflux pump mechanism.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that both B. holmesii and B. parapertussis can be more prone to induced resistance following exposure to treatment with erythromycin than B. pertussis. The surveillance of macrolide resistance in Bordetella isolates recovered from patients with pertussis, especially persistent disease, is warranted.
Motivations to Change Smoking Behaviors Between 2007 and 2019 in Australia: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Cho Ara , Chan Gary , Gartner Coral 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn 2010, Australian tobacco excise (administered federally) increased by 25%, and by 12.5% annually from 2013 to 2020, with additional increases on roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco between 2017 and 2020. We estimated past year changes in smoking behavior among Australian adults who smoked (daily and non-daily) in the past year, and the association between consumer characteristics and stated motivations to change/attempt to change smoking behavior between 2007 and 2019.MethodsLogistic regression analysis of combined data from national representative triennial cross-sectional surveys in Australia (N = 22 977).ResultsThe main motivation cited for changing smoking behavior switched from health-related from 2007 to 2010 to cost-related from 2013 to 2019. Among those who quit between one and 12 months ago, living in a lower socioeconomic area (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.18% to –2.18%), was associated with reporting the cost of smoking motivated them to quit. Among those who reduced their smoking, smoking daily and &gt;20 cigarettes/day vs. non-daily smoking (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.60% to 2.78%), having high/very high psychological distress (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12% to 1.59%), and alcohol consumption (ORdaily drinking = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05% to 1.81%) was associated with cost as a motivation. Exclusive (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53% to 0.80%) and non-exclusive (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65% to 0.91%) RYO use was associated with being less likely to report the cost of tobacco as motivation for cutting down.ConclusionsThe cost of smoking became the most cited motivator to change smoking behavior (eg, quitting and cutting down), particularly for those who lived in low socioeconomic areas, smoked more cigarettes per day, drank alcohol, and had high/very high psychological distress.ImplicationsA change in the main federal tobacco control intervention implemented in Australia from mass-media campaigns to tobacco tax increases has likely led to cost, rather than health, being the main motivation cited for changing smoking behavior in Australia since 2013. Further monitoring is needed to ensure the harmonization in tax rates for RYO and factory-made cigarettes has effectively reduced the price difference between these products because the lower cost of RYO may have reduced the effectiveness of tax increases as a motivator to change smoking behavior.
Uniform secured transactions law: the Model Inter-American Law and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions compared
Authors: Bazinas Spyridon V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In an effort to assist in the better understanding and implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions (including its provisions on the registration of notices with respect to security interests) and the Model Inter-American Law on Secured Transactions with the Model Inter-American Registry Regulations, this article compares and briefly explains their key provisions.
Short‐term aerobic conditioning prior to resistance training augments muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell content in healthy young men and women
Authors: Thomas Aaron C. Q. , Brown Alex , Hatt Aidan A. , Manta Katherine , Costa‐Parke Anamaria , Kamal Michael , Joanisse Sophie , McGlory Chris , Phillips Stuart M. , Kumbhare Dinesh , Parise Gianni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFactors influencing inter‐individual variability of responses to resistance training (RT) remain to be fully elucidated. We have proposed the importance of capillarization in skeletal muscle for the satellite cell (SC) response to RT‐induced muscle hypertrophy, and hypothesized that aerobic conditioning (AC) would augment RT‐induced adaptations. Fourteen healthy young (22 ± 2 years) men and women underwent AC via 6 weeks of unilateral cycling followed by 10 weeks of bilateral RT to investigate how AC alters SC content, activity, and muscle hypertrophy following RT. Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline (unilateral), post AC (bilateral), and post RT (bilateral) in the aerobically conditioned (AC + RT) and unconditioned (RT) legs. Immunofluorescence was used to determine muscle capillarization, fiber size, SC content, and activity. Type I and type II fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) increased following RT, and when legs were analyzed independently, AC + RT increased type I, type II, and mixed‐fiber CSA, where the RT leg tended to increase type II (p = .05), but not type I or mixed‐fiber CSA. SC content, activation, and differentiation increased with RT, where type I total and quiescent SC content was greater in AC + RT compared to the RT leg. Those with the greatest capillary‐to‐fiber perimeter exchange index before RT had the greatest change in CSA following RT and a significant relationship was observed between type II fiber capillarization and the change in type II‐fiber CSA with RT (r = 0.35). This study demonstrates that AC prior to RT can augment RT‐induced muscle adaptions and that these differences are associated with increases in capillarization.
Curcumin activates Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling to relieve diabetic cardiomyopathy injury by reducing ROS in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wu Xia , Zhou Xueliang , Lai Songqing , Liu Jichun , Qi Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hallmark feature of Diabetes mellitus (DM) is hyperglycemia which can lead to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the myocardium, contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional activator, enhances its ability to resist oxidative stress by activating multiple downstream anti‐oxidants, anti‐inflammatory proteins, and detoxifying enzymes. However, the mechanism of Nrf2 signaling in HG‐induced DCM is unclear. In this study, we used HG pretreated H9c2 cells as the experimental basis in vitro, and established a high fat‐diet, streptozotocin (STZ) induced Type 2 diabetic rat model in vivo. Meanwhile, we used shRNA‐Nrf2 and curcumin (CUR) (as an activator) to affect H9c2 cells, to verify the role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in DCM. The results showed that the excessive production of ROS caused by HG, which could inhibit the activation of Nrf2‐related signaling, resulting in a decrease in cell energy metabolism and an increase in cell apoptosis. Surprisingly, we found that the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway significantly increased cardiomyocyte viability, reduced ROS formation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings conclusively infer that CUR activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway exerts myocardial protection by reducing ROS formation.
Predictors of the Rate of Illicit Fentanyl Metabolism in a Cohort of Pregnant Individuals
Authors: Wanar Amita , Saia Kelley , Field Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Illicit fentanyl use is growing in the United States, including among pregnant persons. Despite the prevalence of illicit fentanyl in the drug supply, the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl remains understudied, especially for pregnant individuals. The variability of fentanyl pharmacokinetics influences detection of fentanyl in urine samples, the results of which can have significant legal consequences. For pregnant and parenting individuals, these legal consequences may include termination of parental rights.

Methods
Through this medical-legal lens, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the electronic medical records of women receiving integrated prenatal care and substance use disorder treatment. A total of 420 medical records were reviewed and 112 individuals who had a positive fentanyl immunoassay and met the selection criteria were included. Metabolic ratios (level of norfentanyl/level of fentanyl) were calculated for each study individual. A linear regression analysis was used to determine if the following physiologic factors were predictors of the rate of fentanyl metabolism: hepatic function, renal function, body mass index, medication dosage, gestational age, and maternal age.

Results
Results indicated that advanced maternal age predicted a slower conversion of fentanyl to norfentanyl, whereas increased gestational age predicted a faster conversion.

Conclusions
Variations in fentanyl metabolism in pregnancy highlight the importance of clinician vigilance when interpreting fentanyl rests results, especially for individuals with advancing maternal age. In such cases, clinician caution and advocacy may prevent unwarranted and unjust removal of a child from maternal custody.
Cochlear Reimplantation Rate and Cause: a 22-Year, Single-Center Experience, and a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Haotian , Yao Xinyi , Kong Weili , Zhang Lin , Si Jingyuan , Ding Xiuyong , Zheng Yun , Zhao Yu 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
In terms of cochlear reimplantation, there is no consensus on the definition, range, or calculation formulation for the reimplantation rate. This study aims to put forward a relatively standardized and more explicit definition based on a literature review, calculate the rate of cochlear reimplantation, and examine the classification and distribution of the reimplantation causes.

Design:
A systematic review and retrospective study. A relatively clearer definition was used in this study: cochlear reimplantation is the implantation of new electrodes to reconstruct the auditory path, necessitated by the failure or abandonment of the initial implant. Seven English and Chinese databases were systematically searched for studies published before July 23, 2021 regarding patients who accepted cochlear reimplantation. Two researchers independently applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies and complete data extraction. As the effect size, the reimplantation rate was extracted and synthesized using a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to reduce heterogeneity. In addition, a retrospective study analyzed data on cochlear reimplantation in a tertiary hospital from April 1999 to August 2021. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were adopted to analyze the survival times of cochlear implants and compare them among different subgroups.

Results:
A total of 144 articles were included, with 85,851 initial cochlear implantations and 4276 cochlear reimplantations. The pooled rate of cochlear reimplantation was 4.7% [95% CI (4.2% to 5.1%)] in 1989 to 2021, 6.8% [95% CI (4.5% to 9.2%)] before 2000, and 3.2% [95% CI (2.7% to 3.7%)] after 2000 (P=0.003). Device failures accounted for the largest proportion of reimplantation (67.6% [95% CI (64.0% to 71.3%)], followed by medical reasons (28.9% [95% CI (25.7% to 32.0%)]). From April 1999 to August 2021, 1775 cochlear implants were performed in West China Hospital (1718 initial implantations and 57 reimplantations; reimplantation rate 3.3%). In total, 45 reimplantations (78.9%) were caused by device failure, 10 (17.5%) due to medical reasons, and 2 (3.5%) from unknown reasons. There was no difference in the survival time of implants between adults and children (P = 0.558), while there existed a significant difference between patients receiving implants from different manufacturers (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The cochlear reimplantation rate was relatively high, and more attention should be paid to formulating a standard definition, calculation formula, and effect assessment of cochlear reimplantation. It is necessary to establish a sound mechanism for long-term follow-up and rigorously conduct longitudinal cohort studies.