bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐gain low‐ripple DC–DC converter for micro‐grid applications
Authors: Kalahasthi Rajesh Babu , Ramteke Manojkumar R. , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article presents a high‐gain soft‐switching DC–DC converter that achieves high gain by using a coupled inductor and a voltage multiplier. An inductor is used to provide a continuous and low‐input current ripple. The voltage stress across the switch is reduced with the help of an active clamp circuit. Hence, lower voltage rating switches having low on‐state resistance Rdson are used to reduce the system cost. It also benefits of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn on across both the MOSFETs. Thereby, switching losses are reduced, and hence, efficiency is increased. Because of these advantages, it best suits photovoltaic (PV) and DC micro‐grid applications. Since diodes are switched on and off with zero current (ZCS), diode switching losses are reduced, and the reverse recovery problem of diodes is eliminated. The leakage energy of the coupled inductor is recycled to increase the voltage gain. A 500 W prototype is built‐up and tested under various load conditions. The experimental values are in close synchronization with theoretical values.
Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment
Authors: Willman Jonathan , Willman Matthew , Reddy Ramya , Fusco Anna , Sriram Sai , Mehkri Yusuf , Charles Jude , Goeckeritz Joel , Lucke‐Wold Brandon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut‐brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment.BackgroundAn abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors.MethodsIn this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns.ResultsSpecifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation.ConclusionThe GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.
Erythrocyte lysing solutions have a detrimental effect in flow cytometric dendritic cell detection
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Salvia Roser , Juncà Jordi , Ward Mike D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Sorigue Marc , Petriz Jordi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) enumeration of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) is a minimally invasive procedure extremely useful for immunological studies. Numbers of PBDCs vary depending on age, lifestyle, or in pathologies like cancer, leukemia or immunodeficiencies. Conventional methods for PBDC identification by FCM involve red blood cell lysis using either formaldehyde or ammonium chloride‐based solutions. This specific procedure has been widely reported to cause a detrimental effect as well as an artifactual detection of target populations. Alternatively, minimal sample perturbation assays that avoid the use of erythrolytic solutions with centrifugation steps and preserve the native cellular state are simpler and more robust than conventional methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how conventional FCM assays can alter dendritic cell (DC) counting when compared with minimal sample perturbation protocols, in terms of absolute cell counting, percentage and stain index (SI) of PBDC subsets. We evaluated the use of three different erythrolytic solutions (CyLyse, OptiLyse C, and Pharm Lyse) on a series of n = 20 peripheral blood specimens for conventional and plasmacytoid DCs detection as well as for leukocyte and basophil detection. Our results showed a significant reduction of leukocytes and specifically, of DCs and basophils in terms of absolute number when using erythrolytic solutions. In conclusion, our study shows that PBDC counting is heavily affected when lysing solutions are used, indicating that these stellate‐shaped populations appear to be more labile.
Maternal stress and development of infant attention to threat‐related facial expressions
Authors: Reilly Emily B. , Dickerson Kelli L. , Pierce Lara J. , Leppänen Jukka , Valdes Viviane , Gharib Alma , Thompson Barbara L. , Schlueter Lisa J. , Levitt Pat , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttentional biases to threat‐related stimuli, such as fearful and angry facial expressions, are important to survival and emerge early in development. Infants demonstrate an attentional bias to fearful facial expressions by 5–7 months of age and an attentional bias toward anger by 3 years of age that are modulated by experiential factors. In a longitudinal study of 87 mother–infant dyads from families predominantly experiencing low income, we examined whether maternal stress and depressive symptoms were associated with trajectories of attentional biases to threat, assessed during an attention disengagement eye‐tracking task when infants were 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month old. By 9 months, infants demonstrated a generalized bias toward threat (both fearful and angry facial expressions). Maternal perceived stress was associated with the trajectory of the bias toward angry facial expressions between 6 and 12 months. Specifically, infants of mothers with higher perceived stress exhibited a greater bias toward angry facial expressions at 6 months that decreased across the next 6 months, compared to infants of mothers with lower perceived stress who displayed an increased bias to angry facial expressions over this age range. Maternal depressive symptoms and stressful life events were not associated with trajectories of infant attentional bias to anger or fear. These findings highlight the role of maternal perceptions of stress in shaping developmental trajectories of threat‐alerting systems.
Exposure to lead and cadmium is associated with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Chi , Zhang Wen , Chen Yi , Xia Fangzhen , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsExposure to lead and cadmium has been associated with type 2 diabetes, but the results are largely inconsistent, and little is known about their joint effect. We aimed to investigate the associations of lead and cadmium co‐exposure with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe study included 5732 participants aged ≥18 years from 16 communities in East China. Blood levels of lead and cadmium were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of lead and cadmium alone or in combination with FPG and diabetes.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) values of blood lead and cadmium were 40.0 (26.8–57.9) and 1.70 (0.56–3.60) μg/L, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, blood lead levels were positively associated with FPG (difference comparing extreme lead quartiles = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.20] mmol/L) and prevalent diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.78]). The association between lead and diabetes was observed among participants with high cadmium, but not among those with low cadmium (P for interaction = 0.03). In the joint analysis, compared with participants with low levels of blood lead and cadmium, participants with high levels of two metals had a 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.25) mmol/L increase in FPG and a 51% (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.99) increase in odds of diabetes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that lead and cadmium co‐exposure is significantly associated with elevated FPG and type 2 diabetes in the general population.
The continuous spectrum of glycaemic variability changes with pancreatic islet function: A multicentre cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Guo Keyu , Tian Qi , Ye Jianan , Ding Zhiyi , Zhou Qin , Wu Jieru , Fan Li , Pan Niansi , Niu Xiaohong , Zhao Qian , Ma Yujin , Jiang Hongwei , Huang Gan , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang , Yang Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate glycaemic variability (GV) patterns in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).Materials and MethodsA total of 842 subjects (510 T1D, 105 LADA, 227 T2D) were enrolled and underwent 1 week of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Clinical characteristics and CGM parameters were compared among T1D, LADA, and T2D. LADA patients were divided into two subgroups based on glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody titres (≥180 U/mL [LADA‐1], <180 U/mL [LADA‐2]) and compared. The C‐peptide cut‐offs for predicting a coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose ≥36% and a time in range (TIR) > 70% were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (9 T1D, 18 T2D) were excluded due to insufficient CGM data. Sex, diabetes duration and HbA1c were comparable among the three groups. Fasting and 2‐h postprandial C‐peptide (FCP, 2hCP) increased sequentially across T1D, LADA, and T2D. T1D and LADA patients had comparable TIR and GV, whereas those with T2D had much higher TIR and lower GV (p < 0.001). The GV of LADA‐1 was close to that of T1D, while the GV of LADA‐2 was close to that of T2D. CP exhibited the strongest negative correlation with GV. The cut‐offs of FCP/2hCP for predicting a CV ≥ 36% and TIR >70% were 121.6/243.1 and 128.9/252.8 pmol/L, respectively.ConclusionsGV presented a continuous spectrum across T1D, LADA‐1, LADA‐2, and T2D. More frequent glucose monitoring is suggested for patients with impaired insulin secretion.Clinical Trail RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registration (ChiCTR) website approved by WHO; http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ‐ ChiCTR2200065036
Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment
Authors: Dietrich Peter , Ferlian Olga , Huang Yuanyuan , Luo Shan , Quosh Julius , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTree species are known to predominantly interact either with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding whether these mycorrhizae differently influence biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships and whether a combination of both can increase community productivity. In 2015, we established a tree‐diversity experiment by growing tree communities with varying species richness levels (one, two, or four species) and either with AM or EM tree species or a combination of both. We investigated basal area and annual basal area increment from 2015 to 2020 as proxies for community productivity. We found significant positive relationships between tree species richness and community productivity, which strengthened over time. Further, AM and EM tree species differently influenced productivity; however, there was no overyielding when AM and EM trees grew together. EM tree communities were characterized by low productivity in the beginning but an increase of increment over time and showed overall strong biodiversity effects. For AM tree communities the opposite was true. Although young trees did not benefit from the presence of the other mycorrhizal type, dissimilar mechanisms underlying BEF relationships in AM and EM trees indicate that maximizing tree and mycorrhizal diversity may increase ecosystem functioning in the long run.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Mixed‐Metal Triangular Complexes Based on Ferrocene‐Based Ligands and Dinuclear Arene Ruthenium Building Blocks
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo , Sumitani Ryo , Shimooka Natsuko , Mochida Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFerrocene‐based multidentate ligands have been widely used as metalloligands in crystal engineering because they self‐assemble into mixed‐metal complexes with various transition‐metal salts. In the present study, the ferrocene‐based ligand 1,2‐di(4‐pyridylthio)ferrocene (LFc) was complexed with dinuclear arene ruthenium building blocks [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(μ‐L)](OTf)2 to form the following trinuclear complexes with triangular structures: [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(μ‐L)(μ‐LFc)](OTf)2 [L=5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphtoquinonato (1 a), 2,3‐dichloro‐5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphtoquinonato (1 b), 2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzoquinonato (2 a), 2,5‐dichloro‐3,6‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzoquinonato (2 b), and oxalato (3): OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate]. A similar complexation of the ferrocene‐based ligand with [(p‐cymene)2Ru2Cl4] afforded a V‐shaped trinuclear complex [(p‐cymene)2Ru2Cl4(μ‐LFc)] (4). This study reveals the crystal structure and electronic states of 1–4. The absorption wavelengths and redox potentials of the trinuclear complexes depended on the type of L.
Improvement of Solid Photoluminescence of Tridentate Schiff Base Pt(II) Foldamer by Hybridizing Poly (4‐Vinylpyridine)
Authors: Achira Hiroto , Nakamura Masashi , Shidzuma Motohiro , Watase Seiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of bis(tridentate Schiff base platinum) complex (Pt2L2) linked with 2‐methylenepropane‐1,3‐diyl were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were examined to analyze different solid states. X‐ray crystallographic analysis indicated that Pt2L2 containing 4‐vinylpyridine (Pt2L24VP) as a ligand had a helically‐folded structure. It caused upfield chemical shifts and a redshift in UV‐Vis absorption spectra compared to the analogous mononuclear complex. Pt2L2 containing dimethylsulfoxide (Pt2L2DMSO) had no such helically‐folded structure due to the steric repulsion of DMSO. Pt2L24VP did not exhibit solid photoluminescence owing to the crystal packing. The mixture of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and Pt2L2DMSO (Pt2L2DMSO−P4VP) showed a similar redshift in UV‐Vis absorption and excitation spectra to Pt2L24VP, implying the helically‐folded structure of Pt2L2 with P4VP coordination. The Pt2L2DMSO−P4VP exhibited solid photoluminescence with a longer phosphorescence lifetime (2.4 μs) than the Pt2L24VP crystals (0.5 μs), indicating regulated aggregation of the Pt2L2 frames in the P4VP matrix.
Methodologies for the Derivatization of Resorcin[4]arenes at the Upper Rim ortho‐Positions
Authors: Ngodwana Lonwabo , Bout Wanda , Nqaba Zoleka , Motlokoa Teboho , Vatsha Banele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResorcin[4]arenes are not as extensively studied as their sister compounds, calix[4]arenes, owing to challenges in synthetic methodologies for their derivatization from the perceptive of molecular economy. In this tutorial review, we briefly illustrate the summary of their access methodologies together with their limitations, focusing at the derivatization of the ortho‐positions in the upper rim. We hope to spark a refreshed surge in the development of these derivatization strategies, allowing access to novel molecules and futuristic applications, putting resorcin[4]arenes at the center stage of research for which they were meant.
Aza‐oxyallyl Cations and Their Applications in (3+m) Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Deeksha  , Singh Ritesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAza‐oxyallyl cations, as proposed by Sheehan in the 1960s have garnered significant attention among the synthetic organic community, owing to their diverse reactivity profile for constructing N‐scaffolds of biological interest. During its initial growth, aza‐oxyallyl cations were used effectively as a 3‐unit synthon as 1,3 dipoles to create N‐heterocycles via cycloaddition reactions, wherein aza‐oxyallyl cation served as electrophilic counterpart. Recently, new variations of aza‐oxyallyl cations reactivity have been reported, including its usage as a 1,4 dipole in cycloaddition reactions, domino reactions, and the unique alkylating ability of heteroatoms. This review article provides an update of the recent developments in this area and the prevailing mechanistic insight.
Safety and adverse events following COVID‐19 vaccination among people with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ong Marjorie Jia Yi , Khoo Ching Soong , Lee Yi Xuan , Poongkuntran Vaanee , Tang Chia Khoi , Choong Yu Joe , Hod Rozita , Tan Hui Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a non‐communicable disease costing a massive burden globally. It is known that there is increased prevalence of morbidity and mortality following COVID‐19 infection among people with epilepsy (PWE). However, there is limited information about the adverse events following COVID‐19 immunization among PWE. Hence, this study aimed to assess the safety and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of various COVID‐19 vaccines among PWE from our centre, focusing on neurological AEFI.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 120 adult PWE from the Neurology Clinic of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Consent‐taking was conducted via synchronous or asynchronous approaches, followed by a phone call interview session. The interview collected socio‐demographic information, epilepsy‐related variables, and vaccination‐related variables. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to confirm factors associated with the AEFI of COVID‐19 vaccination.ResultsAmong all types of COVID‐19 vaccines, most of the PWE received the Cominarty® COVID‐19 vaccination (52.5%). Overall, local AEFI was the quickest to develop, with an average onset within a day. PWE with normal body mass index (BMI) had a higher risk of developing both local and systemic AEFI compared to those underweight and obese PWE (OR: 15.09, 95% CI 1.70–134.28, P = 0.02).SignificanceCOVID‐19 vaccines are safe for PWE. AEFI among PWE are similar to those of the general population following COVID‐19 vaccination. Therefore, clinicians should encourage PWE to take COVID‐19 vaccines.
CuATSM effectively ameliorates ALS patient astrocyte‐mediated motor neuron toxicity in human in vitro models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dennys Cassandra N. , Roussel Florence , Rodrigo Rochelle , Zhang Xiaojin , Sierra Delgado Andrea , Hartlaub Annalisa , Saelim‐Ector Asya , Ray Will , Heintzman Sarah , Fox Ashley , Kolb Stephen J. , Beckman Joseph , Franco Maria Clara , Meyer Kathrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatient diversity and unknown disease cause are major challenges for drug development and clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic animal models do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of ALS. Direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to neuronal progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into patient astrocytes allows rapid generation of disease relevant cell types. Thus, this methodology can facilitate compound testing in a diverse genetic background resulting in a more representative population for therapeutic evaluation. Here, we used established co‐culture assays with motor neurons and reprogrammed patient skin‐derived astrocytes (iAs) to evaluate the effects of (SP‐4‐2)‐[[2,2’‐(1,2‐dimethyl‐1,2‐ethanediylidene)bis[N‐methylhydrazinecarbothioamidato‐κN2,κS]](2‐)]‐copper (CuATSM), currently in clinical trial for ALS in Australia. Pretreatment of iAs with CuATSM had a differential effect on neuronal survival following co‐culture with healthy motor neurons. Using this assay, we identified responding and non‐responding cell lines for both sporadic and familial ALS (mutant SOD1 and C9ORF72). Importantly, elevated mitochondrial respiration was the common denominator in all CuATSM‐responders, a metabolic phenotype not observed in non‐responders. Pre‐treatment of iAs with CuATSM restored mitochondrial activity to levels comparable to healthy controls. Hence, this metabolic parameter might allow selection of patient subpopulations best suited for CuATSM treatment. Moreover, CuATSM might have additional therapeutic value for mitochondrial disorders. Enhanced understanding of patient‐specific cellular and molecular profiles could help improve clinical trial design in the future.
Disability, Bioethics, and the Problem of Prejudice
Authors: Scofield Giles R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis letter responds to the essay “If Not Now, Then When? Taking Disability Seriously in Bioethics,” by Debjani Mukherjee, Preya S. Tarsney, and Kristi L. Kirschner, in the May‐June 2022 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Efficacy and safety of fenofibrate addition therapy in patients with cirrhotic primary biliary cholangitis with incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Ding Dawei , Guo Guanya , Liu Yansheng , Zheng Linhua , Jia Gui , Deng Juan , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Xiufang , Guo Changcun , Shang Yulong , Han Ying 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fenofibrate (FF) has shown potential benefits in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who have an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). However, the efficacy and safety of FF in patients with cirrhosis remain unclear. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of additional FF therapy in patients with PBC‐related cirrhosis with an incomplete response to UDCA, we conducted a retrospective analysis comparing the clinical results of additional FF therapy and continued UDCA monotherapy. A total of 59 patients were included; 27 cases underwent UDCA monotherapy and 32 cases underwent UDCA combined with FF therapy. A significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) normalization was achieved in the FF group compared to the UDCA group (37% vs. 11%, respectively; p = 0.020). Additional FF therapy was an independent risk factor for ALP normalization (hazard ratio, 7.679; 95% confidence interval, 2.059–28.633; p = 0.003). Hepatic deterioration was experienced by 40% versus 48% (p = 0.562) while 11% vs. 37% (p = 0.111) experienced liver‐related mortality or liver transplantation in the FF and UDCA groups, respectively. Compared to UDCA monotherapy, additional FF therapy was associated with lower United Kingdom (UK)‐PBC risk score and surrogate serum indices of liver fibrosis. After 12 months of add‐on FF therapy, median ALP level and UK‐PBC risk score decreased 35% and 52% from baseline (p = 0.001 and 0.210, respectively). Serum aminotransferase, triglyceride, and cholesterol decreased progressively, while total bilirubin, serum creatinine, blood urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, and fibrosis‐4 index remained stable in FF‐treated cirrhotic cases during follow‐up. No significant adverse effects associated with additional FF therapy were observed in our cohort. Conclusion: Additional FF therapy was associated with higher ALP normalization rates and lower UK‐PBC risk scores in patients with cirrhotic PBC with an incomplete response to UDCA. In addition, FF therapy seemed safe and well tolerated with a low frequency of adverse effects in patients with cirrhosis.