bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hydrotrope Pretreatment for Stabilized Lignin Extraction and High Titer Ethanol Production
Authors: Ji Hairui , Wang Le , Tao Furong , Yao Zhipeng , Li Xuezhi , Dong Cuihua , Pang Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The biomass pretreatment strategies using organic acids facilitate lignin removal and enhance the enzymatic digestion of cellulose. However, lignin always suffers a severe and irreversible condensation. The newly generated C-C bonds dramatically affect its further upgrading. In this study, we used a recyclable hydrotrope (p-Toluenessulfonic acid, p-TsOH) to dissolve lignin under mild condition and stabilized lignin with a quenching agent (formaldehyde, FA) during extraction, achieving both value-added lignin extraction and efficient enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Approximately 63.7% of lignin was dissolved by 80% (wt. %) p-TsOH with 1.5% FA addition at 80 o C, 30 min. The obtained lignin was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy, and GPC. The results indicated that the extracted lignin exhibited excellent properties, such as light color, a low molecular weight (Mw, 5371 g/mol), and a narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn, 1.63). The pretreated substrate was converted to ethanol via a quasi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (Q-SSF). After fermentation of 60 h, the ethanol concentration reached 38.7±3.3 g/L which was equivalent to a theoretical ethanol yield of 82.9±2.2% based on the glucan content, while the residual glucose concentration was only 4.69±1.4 g/L. In short, this pretreatment strategy protected lignin to form new C-C linkages and improved the enzymatic saccharification of glucan for high-titer ethanol production.
Dissection of cellular communication between human primary osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vivo at single-cell resolution
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Yan , Li Xiao-Hua , Li Tian-Peng , Cao Chong , Zhang Hui-Xi , Zhou Cui , Chen Yu , Gong Yun , Wang Zun , Qiu Xiang , Yang Jun-Xiao , Cheng Liang , Chen Xiang-Ding , Shen Hui , Xiao Hong-Mei , Tan Li-Jun , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundOsteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and play important role in bone remodeling. While our previous studies have investigated the cell subtypes and heterogeneity in osteoblasts and BMMSCs separately, cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs in vivo in humans have not been characterized.ResultsIn this study, we performed a systematic integration analysis with our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes data from BMMSCs and osteoblasts. We successfully identified a novel preosteoblasts subtype which highly expressed ATF3, CCL2, CXCL2 and IRF1. Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggested that the novel preosteoblasts subtype may inhibit osteoblasts differentiation, maintain cells to a less differentiated status and recruit osteoclasts. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis showed strong interaction between mature osteoblasts and BMMSCs. Meanwhile, we found FZD1 was highly expressed in BMMSCs of osteogenic differentiation direction. WIF1 and SFRP4, which were highly expressed in mature osteoblasts were reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation. We speculated that WIF1 and sFRP4 expressed in mature osteoblasts inhibited the binding of FZD1 to Wnt ligand in BMMSCs, thereby further inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs.ConclusionsAt the single cell level, this study provided insights into the cell-to-cell communications between BMMSCs and osteoblasts and mature osteoblasts may mediate negative feedback regulation of osteogenesis process.
Knowledge About Obstetric Hazard Signs and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women in South Eastern Zone of Tigray 2021. Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Asfaha Berhane Teklay , Gebremariam Shewit Hailu , Gebremariam Gebremedhin Kinfe , Weldemariam Ataklti Gebretsadik 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy complications are the biggest health problem for women in developing countries. Around 295,000 women worldwide die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and 86% of this maternal mortality occurs in developing countries.Objective: To assess knowledge about obstetric hazard signs among women of reproductive age living in the southeastern zone of the Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in the southeastern zone of Tigray. A multi-level random sampling technique was implemented to select the total participants from 410 women of reproductive age. Two districts were selected at random and from these districts 12 Kebels were selected at random and the calculated sample size (410) was proportionally assigned to each Kebele selected. The data was collected through face-to-face / interview with a structured questionnaire from January 20 to February 20, 2021, after it had been ensured that all ethical requirements were met. The collected data was entered into Epidata version 4.2 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, table and graph as well as crosstabs were used to present the results. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the relationship. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values ​​<0.05 were used to determine the statistical association.Result: Four hundred and ten women of childbearing age participated in the study, which resulted in a response rate of 100%. Leakage of fluid per vagina was the most frequently cited obstetric hazard sign (61%). Overall, one hundred and seventy-two (42%) had a good knowledge of obstetric hazard signs. Educational status of the mother [AOR (95% CI = 2.7 (1.189–6.24)], place of birth [AOR (95% CI = 2.2 (1.6–3.432)] and with a history of ANC follow-up [AOR (95% CI = 2.4 (1.13–5.6)] were found to be independent predictors of women's knowledge of the obstetric hazard sign.Conclusion and recommendation: The mother's educational status, birth site and the history of ANC follow-up were independently related to the women's knowledge of obstetric hazard signs. Therefore, the provision of information, education and communication to women, families and the general community about obstetric hazard signs and related factors has been recommended.
LncRNA-UC.25+ ShRNA Alleviates P2Y14 Receptor Mediated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Via STAT1
Authors: Wu Baoguo , Zhou Congfa , Xiao Zehao , Tang Gan , Guo Hongmin , Hu Zihui , Hu Qixing , Peng Hao , Pi Lingzhi , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Miaomiao , Peng Taotao , Huang Jiaqi , Liang Shangdong , Li Guilin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes, and its complicated pathogenesis as well as clinical manifestations has brought great troubles to clinical treatment. The spinal cord is an important part of regulating the occurrence and development of DNP. Spinal microglia can regulate the activity of spinal cord neurons and have a regulatory effect on chronic pain. P2Y12 receptor is involved in DNP. P2Y14 and P2Y12 receptor belong to the Gi subtype of P2Y receptors, but there is no report that P2Y14 receptor is involved in DNP. Closely related to many human diseases, the dysregulation of lncRNA has the effect of promoting or inhibiting the occurrence and development of diseases. The aim of this research is to investigate the function of spinal cord P2Y14 receptor in type 2 DNP and to understand the function as well as the possible mechanism of lncRNA-UC.25+ (UC.25+) in rat spinal cord P2Y14 receptor-mediated DNP. Our results showed that P2Y14 shRNA can reduce the expression of P2Y14 in DNP rats, thereby restraining the activation of microglia, decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors and the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. At the same time, UC.25+ shRNA can down-regulate the expression of P2Y14 receptor, reduce the release of inflammatory factors, and diminish the p38 MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that UC.25+ can alleviate spinal cord P2Y14 receptor-mediated DNP. The RNA immunoprecipitation result showed that UC.25+ enriched STAT1 and positively regulated its expression. The chromatin immunoprecipitation result indicated that STAT1 combined to the promoter region of P2Y14 receptor and positively regulated the expression of P2Y14 receptor. Therefore, we infer that UC.25+ may alleviate DNP in rats by regulating the expression of P2Y14 receptor in spinal microglia via STAT1.
Effects of Selective Alveolar Decortication on the Periodontal Complex
Authors: Lim Ju-Eun , An Jung-Sub , Lim Won Hee 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Modification of bone turnover has been reported following selective alveolar decortication but the molecular signals in the periodontal ligament space (PDL) remain unanswered. The objective of this study was to understand how selective alveolar decortication affects the biological reactions in the periodontal ligament.
Methods

Selective alveolar decortication in wild-type mice (n=25) was performed on mandibular right buccal cortical plate adjacent to the mandibular right third molar and euthanized at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. We also performed selective alveolar decortication in Lrp5ACT (n=5) mice and Ad-Dkk1 treated mice (n=5), and euthanized at 7 days. The periodontium around the mandibular third molars were examined using histology, immunohistochemical analyses for osteogenic markers, TGF-β, RANKL, TRAP and alkaline phosphatase activity.
Results

The expression of osteogenic markers in the wild-type PDL was maintained during healing time period after selective alveolar decortication. Increased osteoclast activity in the wild-type mice was observed at 3 and 7 days after selective alveolar decortication. The PDL in Lrp5G171V (Lrp5ACT) mice and adenovirus Dkk1 (Ad-Dkk1) treated mice also showed insignificant changes in the expression of osteogenic markers following selective alveolar decortication. In Lrp5ACT mice where there was a reduction of bone resorption, selective alveolar decortication caused a dramatic increase in osteoclast activity.
Conclusions

Selective alveolar decortication affects only bone turnover, but not the expression of osteogenic markers in the PDL.
Application Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound In The Diagnosis of Intermediate Trophoblastic Tumours
Authors: Zhu XiaoDan , Hu Yin , Zhou LinYu , Jiang TianAn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As the rarest gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), intermediate trophoblastic tumours (ITTs) are very difficult to diagnose before surgery due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations. Routine colour Doppler ultrasonography is currently the simplest and reproducible imaging method for diagnosing ITTs, but it is not as specific as other tumours. Through the research and analysis of colour Doppler ultrasound images (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) images of ITTs, the ultrasound characteristics and CEUS perfusion characteristics are summarized, and these findings can provide a reference for the correct diagnosis of ITTs.Methods: Seven ITT patients were diagnosed and treated in our institution from January 2016 to August 2020, and the clinical data of all patients were retrospectively collected and analysed. Two sonographers who had worked for more than 5 years analysed the characteristics of the ultrasound and CEUS. Among them, the characteristics of CEUS are summarized and analysed from the four aspects of contrast enhancement method, time, boundary, and intensity. All cases were diagnosed with pathological support by ITTs.Results: The most common clinical symptoms of ITT are vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea. The serum ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (serum-hCG) level was mainly a low-grade increase, but to determine whether the serum-hCG level can be used as one of the indicators for monitoring ITT recurrence or metastasis, a large sample data analysis is needed. The lesion location, internal echo changes, and blood flow signals of ITTs were not significantly specific compared with those of other GTNs. However, the CEUS performance of ITTs has certain characteristic changes, in which the enhancement mode was mainly regional enhancement, the arterial phase showed slow, equal-slightly high enhancement, and the enhanced bounders were not very clear. Compared with the CEUS performance of other GTNs, it has a certain specificity.Conclusions: Certain characteristic changes in CEUS of ITTs, combined with clinical features, can provide help for the accurate diagnosis of ITT.Trial registration: For non-clinical or non-health care intervention on human participants of what the article reports.
Pendampingan Pelestarian Kearifan Lokal Reog Kendang: Upaya Pendidikan Karakter dan Ketrampilan Seni pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Sidomulyo Pagerwojo Tulungagung
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti Wahyu 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini disajikan untuk mengetahui bagaimana merevitalisasi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dan ketrampilan seni tari Reog Kendang pada saiswa-siswa sekolah dasar Sidomulyo tentang pentingnya memliki ketrampilan pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler pada seni tari.Data dikumpulkan selama 2 bulan mulai dari Januari hingga Februari 2019 di sekolah Dasar Sidomulyo Pagerwojo di Tulungagung. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa-siswa yang didampingi oleh peneliti untuk melestaraikan tari Reog Kendang sebagai seni tari dan salah satu kearifan lokal masyarakata setempat. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 65 siswa yang memiliki informasi relevan tentang tema penelitian Temuan ini mengungkapkan bahwa ada beberapa anak yang belajar tari Reog Kendang bertindak sebagai pelaku tari sebagai ketrampilan seni tari berlatih, mendiskusikan simbol tari dengan teman-temannya dan bertanya jawab dengan peneliti tentang makna dan sejarah tari Reog Kendang. Hasil dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh beberapa perspektif anak-anak dalam mempraktekkan tari Reog Kendang sebagai media pembelajaran untuk merevitalisasi nilai-nilai sejarah,moral dan sosial. Beberapa tanggapannya adalah: meningkatkan pengabdian kepada negara, mengajarkan bagaiamana berperilaku baik, jujur dalam kehidupan bermasyrakat, belajar dan disiplin, berlatih untuk beranggungjawab, meneladani sejarah pahlawan regional dan nasional, saling menghargai ketika berproses baik ketika berlatih tari,mengembangkan ketrampilan seni, menciptakan seni dan menampilkan karya seni terbaik bagi desa pada saat perpisahan, bersih desa,pembukaan acara di desa dan kecamatan. Selain itu, ditemukan juga perspektif anak-anak dalam berlatih tari, menguasai seni trai Reog Kendang sebagai media pembelajaran: menyampaikan pelajaran melalui tari dan berlatih secara langsung serta memahami makna dalanm setiap gerakan lebih menarik, termotivasi, menambah pengetahuan, dan menghibur bukan hanya untuk penari akan tetapi juga penikmat seni.
Immunity, Vascular Aging and Stroke
Authors: Louka Anna-Maria , Sagris Dimitrios , Ntaios George 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Stroke is one of the most devastating manifestations of cardiovascular disease.
Growing age, arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis are identified as independent risk
factors for stroke, primarily due to structural and functional alterations in the cerebrovascular
tree. Recent data from in vitro and clinical studies have suggested that the immune
system influences atherosclerosis, promoting vascular stiffness and vascular aging and
contributing to ischemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage and microbleeds, white matter
disease, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, aging is related to a chronic low-grade inflammatory
state, in which macrophage, neutrophils, natural killer (NK cells), and B and
T lymphocytes act as major effectors of the immune-mediated cell responses. Moreover,
oxidative stress and vascular inflammation are correlated with endothelial dysfunction,
vascular aging, blood-brain barrier disruption, lacunar lesions, and neurodegenerative disorders.
This review discusses the pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and
molecular mechanisms of aging, including the complex interplay between them and innate
immunity, as well as vascular dysfunction, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis,
atherothrombosis, systemic inflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction.
Synthesis of 5(S)-Methyl-L-Proline Containing Peptidomimetic Compounds
and their In Vitro Evaluation for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition
Authors: Gajjar Anuradha K. , Pathak Chirag D. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is the epidemic of the 21st century, has
affected millions of people worldwide. Traditional methods available for the treatment are associated with
various side effects. Among the newer therapies, DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibition has been a
promising therapy for the past decade with the scope of further development, especially in peptidomimetics.

Objective:
5(S)-methyl-L-proline containing peptidomimetic compounds were designed in the previous
work. The designed compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectral methods, such as mass
spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. The purity of the final
compounds was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized compounds
were in vitro evaluated for their DPP-4 inhibitory activity.

Method:
Compounds were peptide in nature and were synthesized using the conventional synthesis approach,
where peptide synthesis was done using an acid-amine coupling reagent. They were evaluated
through fluorimetric enzyme-based assay using a DPP-4 inhibitor screening kit. Moreover, the CLARIOstar
microplate reader instrument was used to measure fluorescence.

Results:
5(S)-methyl-L-proline containing 13 compounds were synthesized. All of them were characterized
for structural integrity using spectral methods. They had HPLC purity of more than 95% and were
evaluated for DPP-4 inhibition. Compounds 1, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 17 were found to have good inhibition
than others. These compounds were further evaluated at different concentrations to develop a linear correlation
coefficient (R2).

Conclusion:
Six compounds were found to have good DPP-4 inhibition, hence it further opens the possibility
of developing DPP-4 inhibitor-containing 5(S)-methyl-L-proline.
Severity Evaluation of Regional Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Acute
Stroke Patients Using SPECT
Authors: Kang Chang-Ki , Song Min-Gyu , Yang Jiwon , Lee Haejun , Lee Yeong-Bae 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), as measured using perfusion single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT), is an important indicator for the treatment and prognosis
of cerebrovascular disease, but there are a few studies on acute stroke or small vascular disease
using SPECT.

Objective:
This study evaluated the regional severity with quantitatively determined CVR in patients
with acute stroke.

Method:
Fifty-eight patients who took brain SPECT images were selected to localize quantitative
CVR values. The severity of the disease (Grade 1 to 4) was determined through image-based clinical
assessment in the absence and presence of a CVR map, and their results were compared.

Results:
In 1st diagnosis without the map, the mean CVR values of Grades 2 and 3 were -6.07 %
and -9.12 %, respectively (P=0.034), while they were -4.78 % and -12.34 % in 2nd diagnosis with
the map, respectively (P<0.001), suggesting that the CVR difference with the map was much more
pronounced than without the map. Furthermore, in the ROC analysis, the diagnostic sensitivity between
Grades 2 and 3 in the 2nd diagnosis (AUC=0.899, P<0.001) was substantially greater than
the 1st diagnosis (AUC=0.646, P=0.048).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the quantitative CVR maps could reinforce the clinical
evaluation of cerebral severity by showing that they can provide statistically significant results between
severity and CVR. Furthermore, this study was the first to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative
CVR by examining the difference in the presence or absence of CVR in patients with acute
stroke.
An mHealth App for Fibromyalgia-like Post–COVID-19 Syndrome: Protocol for the Analysis of User Experience and Clinical Data
Authors: Blanchard Marc , Backhaus Lars , Ming Azevedo Pedro , Hügle Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Background
Post–COVID-19 syndrome, also referred as “long covid,” describes persisting symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including myalgia, fatigue, respiratory, or neurological symptoms. Objective symptoms are often lacking, thus resembling a fibromyalgia-like syndrome. Digital therapeutics have shown efficiency in similar chronic disorders such as fibromyalgia, offering specific disease monitoring and interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy or physical and respiratory exercise guidance.

Objective
This protocol aims to study the requirements and features of a new mobile health (mHealth) app among patients with fibromyalgia-like post–COVID-19 syndrome in a clinical trial.

Methods
We created a web application prototype for the post–COVID-19 syndrome called “POCOS,” as a web-based rehabilitation tool aiming to improve clinical outcomes. Patients without organ damage or ongoing inflammation will be included in the study. App use will be assessed through user experience questionnaires, focus groups, and clinical data analysis. Subsequently, we will analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data.

Results
The developed mHealth app consists of a clinically adapted app interface with a simplified patient-reported outcome assessment, monitoring of medical interventions, and disease activity as well as web-based instructions for specific physical and respiratory exercises, stress reduction, and lifestyle instructions. The enrollment of participants is expected to be carried out in November 2021.

Conclusions
User experience plays an important role in digital therapeutics and needs to be clinically tested to allow further improvement. We here describe this process for a new app for the treatment of the fibromyalgia-like post–COVID-19 syndrome and discuss the relevance of the potential outcomes such as natural disease course and disease phenotypes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/32193
Seksisme sebagai moderator hubungan sense of community dan kinerja mahasiswa organisatoris
Authors: Hakiki Andi , Mashuri Muhammad Fath 
Published: January 2022

The performance of student organizations is a crucial variable in maintaining their existence and achieving their organizational goals. One of the important factors that influence this is the degree of sense of community of the members of the organization. Sexism as a gender prejudice is considered to have the potential to influence aspects of the sense of community and organizational performance. This study aims to examine sexism as a moderator on the relationship between sense of community and organizational performance. This study uses a quantitative method and determines the subject using a random sampling technique to the members of student organizations with a total of 223 subjects. The measuring instrument used is Sense of Community version 2, The Ambivalent of Sexism Inventory, and an Organizational Performance Scale. Data analysis used the method of moderated regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between sense of community and organizational performance, and sexism as a moderator variable had an insignificant value on the relationship between sense of community and organizational performance.

Keywords: Organizational performance, sense of community, sexism, university student