bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between contraceptive services and knowledge of abortion availability and legality? Evidence from a national sample of women and facilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea A , Karp Celia , Kassa Munir , Lulu Birikty , Yihdego Mahari , Anjur-Dietrich Selena , Seme Assefa , Shiferaw Solomon , Ahmed Saifuddin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In Ethiopia, abortions are legal for minors and for rape, incest, foetal impairment or maternal disability. Knowledge of abortion legality and availability is low, and little effort has been made to disseminate this information for fear of invoking anti-abortion sentiment; instead, systems rely on health providers as information gatekeepers. This study explores how exposure to and interaction with family planning service delivery environment, specifically (1) availability of contraceptive and facility-based abortion services within 5 km of one’s residence and (2) contact with a health provider in the past 12 months, relate to women’s knowledge of the legality of accessing abortion services and of where to access facility-based abortion services. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 8719 women in Ethiopia and a linked health facility survey of 799 health facilities. Our outcome of interest was a categorical variable indicating if a woman had (1) knowledge of at least one legal ground for abortion, (2) knowledge of where to access abortion services, (3) knowledge of both or (4) knowledge of neither. We conducted multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions, stratified by residence. Approximately 60% of women had no knowledge of either a legal ground for abortion or a place to access services. Women who visited a health provider or who were visited by a health worker in the past 12 months were significantly more likely to know about abortion legality and availability. There were no differences based on whether women lived within 5 km of a facility that offered contraception and abortion services. We find that health workers are likely valuable sources of information; however, progress to disseminate information may be slowed if it relies on uptake of services and limited outreach. Efforts to train providers on legality and availability are critical, as is additional research on knowledge dissemination pathways.
Sense of coherence, off-job crafting, and mental well-being: A path of positive health development
Authors: Tušl Martin , de Bloom Jessica , Bauer Georg F 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Our study examines the core concept of salutogenesis—sense of coherence (SOC)—in relation to off-job crafting (OJC) and mental well-being (MWB). The original salutogenic model of health mainly addresses the protective function of SOC against adversity. In our study, we focus on the recently proposed path of positive health development that captures how SOC can contribute to positive health and thriving. We present and test our theoretical assumptions about one such path, examining OJC as a possible mechanism how SOC translates into MWB. We tested our proposed model using cross-lagged panel model with three waves of panel data from Swiss and German employees (N = 2217). We compared our model to alternative nested models and conducted indirect effect analysis to test longitudinal mediation. Our hypothesized model fitted the data well and we found support for our main hypothesis that OJC partially mediates the relationship between SOC and MWB. Further, we identified positive reciprocal relationships between SOC and MWB, as well as between OJC and MWB. Overall, our study provides evidence that OJC is one mechanism underlying the recently postulated path of positive health development in the salutogenic model. For health promotion, this implies that promoting SOC and OJC may help to strengthen individual well-being and lead to positive feedback loops that foster personal development and thriving.
On the Rank of the Thurston Pullback Map
Authors: Filom Khashayar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Under some mild assumptions, an orientation-preserving branched covering map of marked $2$-spheres induces a pullback map between the corresponding Teichmüller spaces. By analyzing the associated pushforward operator acting on integrable quadratic differentials, we obtain a global lower bound on the rank of the derivative of the pullback map in terms of the action of the cover on the marked points. In the dynamical context, the two sets of marked points in the target and source coincide with the postcritical set. Investigating the resulting pullback map is the central part of Thurston’s topological characterization of postcritically finite rational maps. Postcritically finite maps with constant pullback have been studied by various authors. In that direction, our approach provides upper bounds on the size of the postcritical set of a map with constant pullback, and shows that the postcritical dynamics is highly restricted.
Review on tsunami–bridge interaction
Authors: Leng Shuangjin , Xu Guoji , Wu Qinghong , Jiang Zexing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tsunamis have caused substantial damage to coastal bridges, which has seriously affected transportation and rescue work in coastal communities and led to serious threats to human life and property. Many studies have been conducted to investigate tsunami–bridge interactions in the last decade, especially since the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. To gain a better understanding of the bridge damage mechanism in tsunamis and corresponding protection measures, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review for bridge–tsunami interaction. In this paper, effective methods for tsunami wave generation are documented and the characteristics of these methods are comparatively summarized. The influencing factors of tsunami parameters and bridge structural parameters are analyzed and the multi-hazard coupling effects on bridges are elaborated. Meanwhile, tsunami resistance measures for coastal bridges are archived. This review work aims to offer a comprehensive overview and guidelines for the design and protection of coastal bridges that are vulnerable to tsunamis.
Management ofClostridioides difficileinfection in adults and challenges in clinical practice: review and comparison of current IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and ASID guidelines
Authors: Bishop Emma Jane , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a significant clinical challenge both in the management of severe and severe-complicated disease and the prevention of recurrence. Guidelines released by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA/SHEA) and ESCMID had some consensus as well as some discrepancies in disease severity classification and treatment recommendations. We review and compare the key clinical strategies from updated IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and current Australasian guidelines for CDI management in adults and discuss relevant issues for clinicians, particularly in the management of severe-complicated infection.Updated IDSA/SHEA and ESCMID guidelines now reflect the increased efficacy of fidaxomicin in preventing recurrence and have both promoted fidaxomicin to first-line therapy with an initial CDI episode in both non-severe and severe disease and endorsed the role of bezlotoxumab in the prevention of recurrent infection. Vancomycin remains acceptable therapy and metronidazole is not preferred. For severe-complicated infection the IDSA/SHEA recommends high-dose oral ± rectal vancomycin and IV metronidazole, whilst in an important development, ESCMID has endorsed fidaxomicin and tigecycline as part of combination anti-CDI therapy, for the first time. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in second CDI recurrence is now clearer, but timing and mode of FMT in severe-complicated refractory disease still requires further study.
Association between imaging surveillance frequency and outcomes following surgical treatment of early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Heiden Brendan T , Eaton Daniel B , Chang Su-Hsin , Yan Yan , Schoen Martin W , Thomas Theodore S , Patel Mayank R , Kreisel Daniel , Nava Ruben G , Meyers Bryan F , Kozower Benjamin D , Puri Varun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have suggested that more frequent postoperative surveillance imaging via computed tomography following lung cancer resection may not improve outcomes. We sought to validate these findings using a uniquely compiled dataset from the Veterans Health Administration, the largest integrated health-care system in the United States.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of veterans with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer receiving surgery (2006-2016). We assessed the relationship between surveillance frequency (chest computed tomography scans within 2 years after surgery) and recurrence-free survival and overall survival.

Results
Among 6171 patients, 3047 (49.4%) and 3124 (50.6%) underwent low-frequency (&lt;2 scans per year; every 6-12 months) and high-frequency (≥2 scans per year; every 3-6 months) surveillance, respectively. Factors associated with high-frequency surveillance included being a former smoker (vs current; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 1.33), receiving a wedge resection (vs lobectomy; aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.39), and having follow-up with an oncologist (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.77), whereas African American race was associated with low-frequency surveillance (vs White race; aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.75). With a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 7.3 (3.4-12.5) years, recurrence was detected in 1360 (22.0%) patients. High-frequency surveillance was not associated with longer recurrence-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.04, P = .22) or overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.12, P = .35).

Conclusions
We found that high-frequency surveillance does not improve outcomes in surgically treated stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Future lung cancer treatment guidelines should consider less frequent surveillance imaging in patients with stage I disease.
News for life: improving the quality of journalistic news reporting to prevent suicides
Authors: Arendt Florian , Markiewitz Antonia , Scherr Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite much theorizing on the quality of journalism, there is limited actual empirical evidence for the effects of improved news quality on societal outcomes. This study provides such evidence for suicide reporting. News quality especially matters in this domain, as low-quality reporting can elicit “copycat” suicides (Werther effect). We developed and disseminated a web-based campaign promoting high-quality suicide reporting, targeting newsrooms in Germany. Twenty-two newsrooms participated. A content analysis (N = 4,015 articles) provided supporting evidence for an increase in high-quality reporting (Study 1). Interrupted time series analyses offered tentative evidence for a reduction in actual suicides (Study 2). Acknowledging limitations in terms of causal interpretations, the findings support the claim that high-quality news can save lives. Similar newsroom interventions run elsewhere may contribute to preventing suicides globally. We discuss the implications, including those of a theoretically meaningful discovery related to the suicide-protective effect’s underlying mechanism, termed the dampening-the-spikes hypothesis.
Stress response requires an efficient connection between glycogen and central carbon metabolism by phosphoglucomutases in cyanobacteria
Authors: Ortega-Martínez Pablo , Roldán Miguel , Díaz-Troya Sandra , Florencio Francisco J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlycogen and starch are the main storage polysaccharides, acting as a source of carbon and energy when necessary. Interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutases connects the metabolism of these polysaccharides with central carbon metabolism. However, knowledge about how this connection affects the ability of cells to cope with environmental stresses is still scarce. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has two enzymes with phosphoglucomutase activity, PGM (phosphoglucomutase) and PMM/PGM (phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase). In this work, we generated a null mutant of PGM (∆PGM) that exhibits very reduced phosphoglucomutase activity (1% of wild type activity). Although this mutant accumulates moderate amounts of glycogen, its phenotype resembles that of glycogen-less mutants, including high light sensitivity and altered response to nitrogen deprivation. Using an on/off arsenite promoter, we demonstrate that PMM/PGM is essential for growth and responsible for the remaining phosphoglucomutase activity in the ∆PGM strain. Furthermore, overexpression of PMM/PGM in the ∆PGM strain is enough to revoke the phenotype of this mutant. These results emphasize the importance of an adequate flux between glycogen and central carbon metabolism to maintain cellular fitness and indicate that although PGM is the main phosphoglucomutase activity, the phosphoglucomutase activity of PMM/PGM can substitute it when expressed in sufficient amounts.
Batchelor, Saffman, and Kazantsev spectra in galactic small-scale dynamos
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Zhou Hongzhe , Sharma Ramkishor 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe magnetic fields in galaxy clusters and probably also in the interstellar medium are believed to be generated by a small-scale dynamo. Theoretically, during its kinematic stage, it is characterized by a Kazantsev spectrum, which peaks at the resistive scale. It is only slightly shallower than the Saffman spectrum that is expected for random and causally connected magnetic fields. Causally disconnected fields have the even steeper Batchelor spectrum. Here, we show that all three spectra are present in the small-scale dynamo. During the kinematic stage, the Batchelor spectrum occurs on scales larger than the energy-carrying scale of the turbulence, and the Kazantsev spectrum on smaller scales within the inertial range of the turbulence – even for a magnetic Prandtl number of unity. In the saturated state, the dynamo develops a Saffman spectrum on large scales, suggestive of the build-up of long-range correlations. At large magnetic Prandtl numbers, elongated structures are seen in synthetic synchrotron emission maps showing the parity-even E polarization. We also observe a significant excess in the E polarization over the parity-odd B polarization at subresistive scales, and a deficiency at larger scales. This finding is at odds with the observed excess in the Galactic microwave foreground emission, which is believed to be associated with larger scales. The E and B polarizations may be highly non-Gaussian and skewed in the kinematic regime of the dynamo. For dust emission, however, the polarized emission is always nearly Gaussian, and the excess in the E polarization is much weaker.
Deep Herschel observations of the 2 Jy sample: assessing the non-thermal and AGN contributions to the far-IR continuum
Authors: Dicken D , Tadhunter C N , Nesvadba N P H , Bernhard E , Könyves V , Morganti R , Ramos Almeida C , Oosterloo T 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The far-IR/sub-mm wavelength range contains a wealth of diagnostic information that is important for understanding the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy evolution. Here we present the results of Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of a complete sample of 46 powerful 2 Jy radio AGN at intermediate redshifts (0.05 &lt; z &lt; 0.7), which represent the deepest pointed observations of a major sample of radio AGN undertaken by Herschel. In order to assess the importance of non-thermal synchrotron emission at far-IR wavelengths, we also present new APEX sub-mm and ALMA mm data. We find that the overall incidence of non-thermal contamination in the PACS bands (&lt;200 μm) is in the range 28–43 per cent; however, this rises to 30–72 per cent for wavelengths (&gt;200 μm) sampled by the SPIRE instrument. Non-thermal contamination is strongest in objects with compact CSS/GPS or extended FRI radio morphologies, and in those with type 1 optical spectra. Considering thermal dust emission, we find strong correlations between the 100 and 160 μm monochromatic luminosities and AGN power indicators, providing further evidence that radiation from the AGN may be an important heating source for the far-IR emitting dust. Clearly, AGN contamination – whether by the direct emission from synchrotron-emitting lobes and cores, or via radiative heating of the cool dust – needs to be carefully considered when using the far-IR continuum to measure the star formation rates in the host galaxies of radio AGN.
MUSE-ALMA Haloes – VIII. Statistical study of circumgalactic medium gas
Authors: Weng S , Péroux C , Karki A , Augustin R , Kulkarni V P , Szakacs R , Zwaan M A , Klitsch A , Hamanowicz A , Sadler E M , Biggs A , Fresco A Y , Hayes M , Howk J C , Kacprzak G G , Kuntschner H , Nelson D , Pettini M 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The distribution of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a critical role in how galaxies evolve. The MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey combines MUSE, ALMA, and HST observations to constrain the properties of the multiphase gas in the CGM and the galaxies associated with the gas probed in absorption. In this paper, we analyse the properties of galaxies associated with 32 strong ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ Ly-α absorbers at redshift 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.4. We detect 79 galaxies within ±500 kms−1 of the absorbers in our 19 MUSE fields. These associated galaxies are found at physical distances from 5.7 kpc and reach star formation rates as low as 0.1 M⊙ yr−1. The significant number of associated galaxies allows us to map their physical distribution on the Δv and b plane. Building on previous studies, we examine the physical and nebular properties of these associated galaxies and find the following: (i) 27/32 absorbers have galaxy counterparts and more than 50 per cent of the absorbers have two or more associated galaxies, (ii) the ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ column density of absorbers is anticorrelated with the impact parameter (scaled by virial radius) of the nearest galaxy as expected from simulations, (iii) the metallicity of associated galaxies is typically larger than the absorber metallicity, which decreases at larger impact parameters. It becomes clear that while strong ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ absorbers are typically associated with more than a single galaxy, we can use them to statistically map the gas and metal distribution in the CGM.
First spatially resolved Na i and He i transitions towards a massive young stellar object. Finding new tracers for the gaseous star/disc interface
Authors: Koumpia Evgenia , Koutoulaki M , de Wit W-J , Oudmaijer R D , Frost A J , Lumsden S L , Pittard J M 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
With steady observational advances, the formation of massive stars is being understood in more detail. Numerical models are converging on a scenario where accretion discs play a key role. Direct observational evidence of such discs at a few au scales is scarce, due to the rarity of such objects and the observational challenges, including the lack of adequate diagnostic lines in the near-IR. We present the analysis of K-band spectro-interferometric observations toward the Massive Young Stellar Object IRAS 13481-6124, which is known to host an accreting dusty disc. Using GRAVITY on the VLTI, we trace the crucial au-scales of the warm inner interface between the star and the accretion dusty disc. We detect and spatially resolve the Na i doublet and He i transitions towards an object of this class for the first time. The new observations in combination with our geometric models allowed us to probe the smallest au-scales of accretion/ejection around a MYSO. We find that Na i originates in the disc at smaller radii than the dust disc and is more compact than any of the other spatially resolved diagnostics (Brγ, He i, and CO). Our findings suggest that Na i can be a new powerful diagnostic line in tracing the warm star/disc accreting interface of forming (massive) stars, while the similarities between He i and Brγ point towards an accretion/ejection origin of He i.
Interferons and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments in interferon-driven disease
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Kusuda Masaki , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Type I interferons (IFNs) have recently received a lot of attention with the elucidation of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Type I IFNs are associated with many SLE symptoms and play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that may occur concurrently with SLE, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, myositis, scleroderma, and interferonopathy. Type I IFNs could be the link between these diseases. However, direct measurement of type I IFN levels and the IFN gene signature is currently unavailable in clinical practice. This review discusses type I IFN signalling in SLE, investigates the role of type I IFN in the clinical manifestations and symptoms associated with SLE and other IFN-related diseases, and discusses the clinical tests that can be used to diagnose SLE and measure disease activity. In addition, the role of type I IFN–blocking therapies as potential treatments for SLE is discussed.
canSAR: update to the cancer translational research and drug discovery knowledgebase
Authors: di Micco Patrizio , Antolin Albert A , Mitsopoulos Costas , Villasclaras-Fernandez Eloy , Sanfelice Domenico , Dolciami Daniela , Ramagiri Pradeep , Mica Ioan L , Tym Joseph E , Gingrich Philip W , Hu Huabin , Workman Paul , Al-Lazikani Bissan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
canSAR (https://cansar.ai) is the largest public cancer drug discovery and translational research knowledgebase. Now hosted in its new home at MD Anderson Cancer Center, canSAR integrates billions of experimental measurements from across molecular profiling, pharmacology, chemistry, structural and systems biology. Moreover, canSAR applies a unique suite of machine learning algorithms designed to inform drug discovery. Here, we describe the latest updates to the knowledgebase, including a focus on significant novel data. These include canSAR’s ligandability assessment of AlphaFold; mapping of fragment-based screening data; and new chemical bioactivity data for novel targets. We also describe enhancements to the data and interface.