bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐promoting behaviors and self‐efficacy among nursing students in times of uncertainty
Authors: Doumit Rita , Habre Maha , Cattan Rebecca , Abi Kharma Joelle , Davis Beena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing students are often faced with academic and personal stressors that threaten their Health‐Promoting Behaviors (HPB) and well‐being. Research on how living in a context of high political uncertainty can impact nursing students' HPB is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between HPB and self‐efficacy among nursing students in a context of high political uncertainty.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, descriptive study that included 120 undergraduate nursing students from Lebanon who completed an electronic self‐reported questionnaire.ResultsThe results indicated that HPB measured by HPLP‐II scores were negatively correlated with overall uncertainty scores (r = −.29, p < .01) and positively correlated with the General Self‐Efficacy (GSE) scale scores (r = .41, p < .001). Results from the multiple linear regression model indicated that physical activity frequency and GSE were independent predictors of the total health‐promoting lifestyle profile and the model explained 30.28% of the variance in the total HPLP‐II scale.Linking Evidence to ActionThis study further emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity (at least 3 h a week) as a strategy to improve HPB among nursing students. Culturally sensitive strategies that aim to enhance HPB should be embedded in undergraduate nursing curricula. Public health nurses and university counselors should join efforts to develop strategies to maintain or enhance self‐efficacy and to promote regular physical activity among nursing students. Future research should further study the association between self‐efficacy, resilience, and uncertainty in contexts of ongoing conflicts.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms, and points of intervention, in rural central Uganda: results from a cross-sectional population-based survey of women and men
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M , Wanyenze Rhoda K , Schmarje Crockett Katherine , Naigino Rose , Ediau Michael , Lule Haruna , Kalichman Seth C , Lin Chii-Dean , Menzies Nicolas , Bateganya Moses H , Kiene Susan M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms and potential intervention points among women and men from a population-based sample in rural central Uganda.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFour districts in rural Uganda.ParticipantsWomen and men aged 15–59 residing in four districts in rural Uganda accepting home-based HIV testing who completed a baseline survey at the time of testing.Primary outcome measuresDepressive symptoms measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale using a cut-off score of 13 for significant depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong a sample of 9609 women and 6059 men, 1415 (14.7%) women and 727 (12.0%) men met criteria for significant depressive symptoms. Having ever received mental health services was associated with lower odds of significant depressive symptoms (women: adjusted OR (adjOR)=0.32, 95% CI=0.22 to 0.47; men: adjOR=0.36, 95% CI=0.18 to 0.62). Having received outpatient (women: adjOR=3.64, 95% CI=3.14 to 4.22; men: adjOR=3.37, 95% CI=2.78 to 4.07) or inpatient (women: adjOR=5.44, 95% CI=4.24 to 6.97; men: adjOR=3.42, 95% CI=2.21 to 5.28) care in the prior 6 months was associated with greater odds of significant depressive symptoms. For women only, known HIV positive status (adjOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.77), and for men only, alcohol misuse (adjOR=1.38, 95% CI=1.12 to 1.70), were associated with increased odds of significant depressive symptoms.ConclusionOur findings suggest that depression screening within outpatient and inpatient settings may help to identify people in need of mental health services. Routine screening in outpatient or inpatient clinics along with the implementation of evidence-based interventions could ultimately help close the mental health gap for depression in this and similar settings.
Towards equitable scheduling of global health teleconferences: a spatial exploration of the world’s population and health by time zone
Authors: Crump John A , Davies Tilman M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the world’s population, development, and health by condensed Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset to support a normative position on how to most defensibly schedule global health teleconferences with the primary goal of advancing equitable regard for participants by health condition.DesignSpatial exploration examined through the lens of equitable regard for participants.SettingThe Earth.ParticipantsThe global population.Main outcome measuresGlobal population, countries, Human Development Index (HDI), and health measured in total and disease-specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 000 per year by UTC offset. Strengths and weaknesses of scheduling teleconferences accordingly to alternative approaches.ResultsThe UTC offset with the largest population of approximately 1 724 million persons occurred in UTC+5, largest country count of approximately 40 countries in UTC+1, and the lowest median HDI of 0.527 occurred in UTC0. The highest median total DALYs per 100 000 per year of 41 873 occurred in UTC+11, highest median HIV/AIDS DALYs per 100 000 per year of 941 in UTC0, and highest median typhoid and paratyphoid fevers DALYs per 100 000 per year of 279 occurred in UTC+5. Hypothetical teleconference scheduling scenarios generated temporal distances of up to 11 hours to UTC offsets representing the most countries and greatest number of DALYs per 100 000 per year. Teleconference scheduling based on egoism was considered to be problematic, and contractualism as unrealistically demanding. Utilitarianism resulted in the risk of systematically disadvantaging small, temporally remote groups. Egalitarianism offered equality, but prioritarianism offered the possibility of addressing health inequities.ConclusionsGlobal health teleconferences may generate great temporal distances between participants compromising representative participation, as well as the well-being of attendees. Our spatial exploration of the world’s population and health by UTC offset may be used to support a normative position on scheduling global health teleconferences that enhance progress towards health equity.
Effectiveness of internet-based support interventions on patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Huang Yanwei , Li Qianqian , Zhou Fang , Song Jingyuan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the elements of internet-based support interventions and assess their effectiveness at reducing psychological distress, anxiety and/or depression, physical variables (prevalence, severity and distress from physical symptoms) and improving quality of life, social support and self-efficacy among patients with breast cancer.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesWeb of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from over the past 5 years of each database to June 2021.Eligibility criteria for study selectionIncluded were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental (QE) studies focusing on internet-based support interventions in patients with breast cancer.Data extraction and synthesisReviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration’ risk of bias tool, Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual). Narrative synthesis included the effect and elements of internet-based support interventions for women with breast cancer.ResultsOut of 2842 articles, 136 qualified articles were preliminarily identified. After further reading the full text, 35 references were included, including 30 RCTs and five QE studies. Internet-based support interventions have demonstrated positive effects on women’s quality of life and physical variables, but inconsistent effectiveness has been found on psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, social support and self-efficacy.ConclusionsInternet-based support interventions are increasingly being used as clinically promising interventions to promote the health outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Future research needs to implement more rigorous experimental design and include sufficient sample size to clarify the effectiveness of this internet-based intervention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021271380.
Effectiveness and characteristics of physical fitness training on aerobic fitness in vulnerable older adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Visser Dennis , Wattel Elizabeth M , Gerrits Karin H L , van der Wouden Johannes C , Meiland Franka J M , de Groot Aafke J , Jansma Elise P , Hertogh Cees M P M , Smit Ewout B 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo present an overview of effectiveness and training characteristics of physical training on aerobic fitness, compared with alternative or no training, in adults aged over 65 years with various health statuses, providing a basis for guidelines for aerobic training of vulnerable older adults that can be used in geriatric rehabilitation.DesignAn umbrella review of systematic reviews that included both randomised controlled trials and other types of trials.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched on 9 September 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included systematic reviews reporting on physical training interventions that are expected to improve aerobic fitness, presenting results for adults aged 65 years and older, describing at least one of the FITT-characteristics: Frequency, Intensity, Time or Type of exercise, and measuring aerobic fitness at least before and after the intervention.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was performed.ResultsWe included 51 papers on 49 reviews. Positive effect of training on aerobic fitness was reported by 33 reviews, 11 reviews remained inconclusive and 5 reviews reported no effect. Training characteristics varied largely. Frequency: 1–35 sessions/week, Intensity: light–vigorous, Time: <10–120 min/session and Types of exercise: many. The methodological quality was most often low. Subgroup analyses revealed positive effects for all health conditions except for trauma patients. Exercise characteristics from current existing guidelines are widely applicable. For vulnerable older adults, lower intensities and lower frequencies were beneficial. Some health conditions require specific adjustments. Information on adverse events was often lacking, but their occurrence seemed rare.ConclusionPhysical fitness training can be effective for vulnerable older adults. Exercise characteristics from current existing guidelines are widely applicable, although lower frequencies and intensities are also beneficial. For some conditions, adjustments are advised.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020140575.
Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nardi Angelo , Dei Bardi Luca , Davoli Marina , Agabiti Nera , Cesaroni Giulia 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePrecarious employment is characterised by instability, lack of protection and economic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to assess the association between temporary contracts and mortality.DesignCohort study.SettingRome, Italy.ParticipantsAll employees, aged 25–65 years, from the Rome Longitudinal Study, followed from 21 October 2001 to the first date among death, migration from Rome, or 31 December 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe investigated all-cause, cardiovascular and accidental mortality. We considered gender, age, place of birth, education, temporary versus permanent contract and sector of employment. We used Cox models to investigate the association between type of contract and total, cardiovascular and accidental mortality in men and women, overall and by employment sector.ResultsWe analysed 597 834 subjects. The proportion of temporary contracts varied by gender (9.6% in men and 13.3% in women) and by employment sector, ranging from 4.5% (public administration) to 27% (recreational, cultural, sports activities) in men. During the study period, 21 136 subjects died. Men with temporary contracts, compared with those with permanent positions, had greater overall mortality risk (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and accidental mortality (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57). In men, the association varied widely among different economic sectors, with greater risks in the industry, building constructions and social services sectors. In women, there was no evidence of association between temporary contracts and mortality. A statistically significant association between temporary contracts and mortality in women was found in the sector of sales and transports only.ConclusionsTemporary work should be considered a determinant of health, particularly for specific economic sectors.
Global prevalence of antidepressant drug utilization in the community: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Lunghi Carlotta , Dugas Michèle , Leclerc Jacinthe , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Martineau Cathy , Carnovale Valérie , Stéfan Théo , Blouin Patrick , Lépine Johanie , Jalbert Laura , Espinoza Suarez Nataly R , Svyntozelska Olha , Dery Marie-Pier , Ekanmian Giraud , Nogueira Daniele Maria , Akinola Pelumi Samuel , Turcotte Stéphane , Skidmore Becky , LeBlanc Annie 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAntidepressant drugs are the most frequently prescribed medication for mental disorders. They are also used off-label and for non-psychiatric indications. Prescriptions of antidepressants have increased in the last decades, but no systematic review exists on the extent of their use in the community.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant use in the community. We will search for studies published from 1 January 2010 in the Embase and MEDLINE databases using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords adjusted for each database without any language restriction. The main inclusion criterion is the presence of prevalence data of antidepressant utilization. Thus, we will include all studies with a descriptive observational design reporting the prevalence of antidepressant use in the community. Study selection (by title/abstract and full-text screening) and data extraction for included studies will be independently conducted by pairs of reviewers. We will then synthesize the data on the prevalence of antidepressant use in individuals living in the community. If possible, we will perform a meta-analysis to generate prevalence-pooled estimates. If the data allows it, we will conduct subgroup analyses by antidepressant class, age, sex, country and other sociodemographic categories. We will evaluate the risk of bias for each included study through a quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool: Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. DistillerSR software will be used for the management of this review.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review as it will not directly involve human or animal subjects. The findings of our systematic review will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, the Qualaxia Network (https://qualaxia.org), presentations at international conferences on mental health and pharmacoepidemiology, as well as general public events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021247423.
Optimization of the temperature dependence of a defect mode in a binary defective photonic crystal
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Taya Sofyan A. , AbuIbaid Sahar M. , Alhamss Dana N. , Colak Ilhami 
Published: May 2022

One-dimensional defective binary photonic crystal is considered with the structure (AB)[Formula: see text]D(AB)[Formula: see text], where A (TiO[Formula: see text] and B (SiO[Formula: see text] are the layers constituting the photonic crystal and D is the defect layer. The temperature dependence of the defect mode is investigated by considering both thermo-optic and thermal expansion effects. As the refractive indices and thicknesses of the photonic crystal layers are varied by temperature, the properties of the photonic crystal, such as bandgap and defect mode, are modified. Thus, we propose a tunable transmission filter operating in the visible region of the spectrum. It is found that the transmittance peak shift of the defect mode can be enhanced with the increase of both thermo-optic and the thermal expansion coefficients of the defect mode. As an example, we consider a photonic crystal with the structure (TiO2–SiO[Formula: see text]/SiOC/(TiO2–SiO[Formula: see text] and a transmittance peak shift of the defect mode of 1.51 nm is obtained for a temperature increase of [Formula: see text]C.
Synchronization, extreme multistability, and its control for a field coupled neurons with time delays
Authors: Zhang Li , An Xin-Lei , Xiong Li , Qiao Shuai , Shi Qian-Qian 
Published: May 2022

Neurons are connected through synapses, but it is not reasonable to equate the connection mode of synapses to an edge in the network due to synaptic plasticity whereas the magnetic field coupling can be considered to handle it. Therefore, in this paper, the interaction between HR neurons is realized by magnetic field coupling based on induction coil, and time delay is introduced to represent the lag in information transfer. First, the coexisting firing activities and synchronization behaviors in dual neuronal networks are numerically calculated, respectively, depending on the external stimulation current, coupling strength, time delays, and initial conditions. When the time delays are given, it is interesting to note that the infinite number of firing modes including chaotic firing, periodical firing, and quiescent state is induced by initial conditions. Due to the initial values, the types of synchronization consisting of complete synchronization, delayed synchronization, and asynchronization are then revealed under the framework of extreme multistability. In particular, the state of complete synchronization exhibits only quiescent state and period-1 firing when the time delay is not equal to 0. Furthermore, the linear augmentation method is conceived to control extreme multistability. It can be found that the attractors with different positions and topological structures can be controlled to the point attractors with the same shape but with different positions when the coupling strength of linear system and nonlinear system is increased. That is, the heterogeneous multistability can be successfully controlled to the homogeneous multistability, and the coupled neurons can also be achieved synchronization after control. These conclusions in this paper could be helpful in providing new insights for studying neurodynamics and applying neural circuits.
Cytokeratins 5 and 17 Maintain an Aggressive Epithelial State in Basal-Like Breast Cancer
Authors: McGinn Olivia , Riley Duncan , Finlay-Schultz Jessica , Paul Kiran V. , Kabos Peter , Sartorius Carol A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are the most common triple-negative subtype (hormone receptor and HER2 negative) with poor short-term disease outcome and are commonly identified by expression of basal cytokeratins (CK) 5 and 17. The goal of this study was to investigate whether CK5 and CK17 play a role in adverse behavior of BLBC cells. BLBC cell lines contain heterogeneous populations of cells expressing CK5, CK17, and the mesenchymal filament protein vimentin. Stable shRNA knockdown of either CK5 or CK17 compared with non-targeting control in BLBC cells was sufficient to promote an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature with loss of E-cadherin and an increase in vimentin expression. Relative to control cells, CK5 and CK17 knockdown cells acquired a more spindle-like morphology with increased cell scattering and were more invasive in vitro. However, CK5 or CK17 knockdown compared with control cells generated decreased lymph node and lung metastases in vivo. Loss of CK5 or CK17 moderately reduced the IC50 dose of doxorubicin in vitro and led to increased doxorubicin efficacy in vivo. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of BLBC patient-derived xenografts identified heterogeneous populations of CK5/CK17, vimentin, and dual basal CK/vimentin-positive cells that fell on an EMT spectrum of epithelial, mesenchymal, and intermediate, respectively, whereas knockdown of CK5 transitioned cells toward a more mesenchymal score.

Implications:
This study supports that basal CKs 5 and 17 contribute to the adverse behavior of BLBC cells and could be an untapped source of therapeutic vulnerability for this aggressive disease.
The Neuroanatomy of Speech Processing: A Large-scale Lesion Study
Authors: Rogalsky Corianne , Basilakos Alexandra , Rorden Chris , Pillay Sara , LaCroix Arianna N. , Keator Lynsey , Mickelsen Soren , Anderson Steven W. , Love Tracy , Fridriksson Julius , Binder Jeffrey , Hickok Gregory 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The neural basis of language has been studied for centuries, yet the networks critically involved in simply identifying or understanding a spoken word remain elusive. Several functional–anatomical models of critical neural substrates of receptive speech have been proposed, including (1) auditory-related regions in the left mid-posterior superior temporal lobe, (2) motor-related regions in the left frontal lobe (in normal and/or noisy conditions), (3) the left anterior superior temporal lobe, or (4) bilateral mid-posterior superior temporal areas. One difficulty in comparing these models is that they often focus on different aspects of the sound-to-meaning pathway and are supported by different types of stimuli and tasks. Two auditory tasks that are typically used in separate studies—syllable discrimination and word comprehension—often yield different conclusions. We assessed syllable discrimination (words and nonwords) and word comprehension (clear speech and with a noise masker) in 158 individuals with focal brain damage: left (n = 113) or right (n = 19) hemisphere stroke, left (n = 18) or right (n = 8) anterior temporal lobectomy, and 26 neurologically intact controls. Discrimination and comprehension tasks are doubly dissociable both behaviorally and neurologically. In support of a bilateral model, clear speech comprehension was near ceiling in 95% of left stroke cases and right temporal damage impaired syllable discrimination. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses for the syllable discrimination and noisy word comprehension tasks each implicated most of the left superior temporal gyrus. Comprehension but not discrimination tasks also implicated the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, whereas discrimination but not comprehension tasks also implicated more dorsal sensorimotor regions in posterior perisylvian cortex.