bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omicron (BA.1) and sub‐variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike infectivity and pathogenicity: A comparative sequence and structural‐based computational assessment
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Karuppanan Kalimuthu , Subramaniam Gunasekaran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has now spread throughout the world. We used computational tools to assess the spike infectivity, transmission, and pathogenicity of Omicron (BA.1) and sub‐variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) in this study. BA.1 has 39 mutations, BA.1.1 has 40 mutations, BA.2 has 31 mutations, and BA.3 has 34 mutations, with 21 shared mutations between all. We observed 11 common mutations in Omicron's receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and sub‐variants. In pathogenicity analysis, the Y505H, N786K, T95I, N211I, N856K, and V213R mutations in omicron and sub‐variants are predicted to be deleterious. Due to the major effect of the mutations characterizing in the RBD, we found that Omicron and sub‐variants had a higher positive electrostatic surface potential. This could increase interaction between RBD and negative electrostatic surface potential human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Omicron and sub‐variants had a higher affinity for hACE2 and the potential for increased transmission when compared to the wild‐type (WT). Negative electrostatic potential of N‐terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein value indicates that the Omicron variant binds receptors less efficiently than the WT. Given that at least one receptor is highly expressed in lung and bronchial cells, the electrostatic potential of NTD negative value could be one of the factors contributing to why the Omicron variant is thought to be less harmful to the lower respiratory tract. Among Omicron sub‐lineages, BA.2 and BA.3 have a higher transmission potential than BA.1 and BA.1.1. We predicted that mutated residues in BA.1.1 (K478), BA.2 (R400, R490, and R495), and BA.3 (R397 and H499) formation of new salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. Omicron and sub‐variant mutations at Receptor‐binding Motif (RBM) residues such as Q493R, N501Y, Q498, T478K, and Y505H all contribute significantly to binding affinity with human ACE2. Interactions with Omicron variant mutations at residues 493, 496, 498, and 501 seem to restore ACE2 binding effectiveness lost due to other mutations like K417N.
Quantification of iron and copper ions in some edible oils using broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS)
Authors: Bazina Naser , Ahmed Tariq , Almdaaf Mostafa , He Jibin , Sarker Mosh , Islam Meez 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe first application of liquid‐phase broadband cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) measurements in food science was made to determine the presence of iron and copper metal in some edible oils. Metal ions in trace amounts, such as iron and copper, have an effect on the oxidative stability of edible oils. The creation of unwanted chemicals is accelerated in the presence of transition metals such as iron and copper, which act as a catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxides. In general, the rate of oxidation of edible oils can be accelerated, even with trace levels of metal ions. This has an effect on the flavour, odour, and taste of edible oils. As a result, it is critical to determine trace metal concentrations when evaluating oil quality in terms of freshness, stability, and storage.ResultsIn this work, for the first time, Iron and copper metal were detected in olive oil, sunflower oil, frying rapeseed oil, cold‐pressed olive oil, and cold‐pressed rapeseed oil samples using BBCEAS. Sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of conventional spectrophotometer of analysis have been reported as 4.42 × 10−4 cm−1 Hz−½ and 3.3 × 10−2 for Iron and 4.39 × 10−4 cm−1 Hz−½ and 2.8 × 10−2 mg/L for copper. The results of BBCEAS measurements standard solutions produced sensitivity (αmin[t]) and LOD values of 8.86 × 10−6 cm−1 Hz−½ and 2.38 × 10−4 mg/L for Iron and 4.5 × 10−6 cm−1 Hz−½ and 2.1 × 10−4 mg/L for copper, respectively.ConclusionOverall, the results obtained in this work represent a 116‐fold improvement for iron and 78‐fold for copper in sensitivity compared to conventional absorption spectroscopy measurements. The BBCEAS measurements of iron metal in the edible oil samples did not detect the metal in the olive and sunflower oil samples but did detect it in the other oil samples at parts per billion (ppb) levels. Copper was found to be present in all oil samples. The study demonstrates the suitability of applying the BBCEAS technique to food analysis.
Valorization of green biomass Azolla pinnata fern: multi‐parameter evaluation of processing conditions on protein extractability and their influence on the physicochemical, structural, techno‐functional properties and protein quality
Authors: Qoms Mohammed S , Arulrajah Brisha , Shamsudin Rosnah , Ibadullah Wan Zunairah Wan , Saari Nazamid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study determined the effect of processing conditions on protein extractability from Azolla pinnata fern, and their influence on the physicochemical, structural, techno‐functional properties and protein quality.RESULTSThe protein extraction from A. pinnata fern was optimized through response surface methodology obtaining a maximum yield of 18.93% with a recovery rate of 73.66%. The A. pinnata fern protein concentrate (AFPC) had five protein bands with a molecular weight ranging from 17 to 56 kDa. AFPC contained high β‐sheet structure (36.61%), favouring its good thermal properties with three endothermic peaks at 54.28, 86.52 and 166.25 °C. The AFPC scored ≥ 1 for all essential amino acids, except for lysine and histidine. The AFPC exhibited exceptionally high techno‐functional properties, particularly for water holding (5.46 g g−1) and fat absorption capacity (10.08 g g−1), and gelling properties (5% gelation concentration). The AFPC had high in vitro digestibility of 73%, signifying its high availability for human consumption.CONCLUSIONThe underexploited A. pinnata fern is a potential source of edible protein, thus a promising nutraceutical or ingredient of functional and health‐promoting foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Unified Framework for Photonic Time‐Stretch Systems
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Chan Jacky C. K. , Jalali Bahram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotonic time stretch is the key enabling technology for a wide variety of instruments with unparalleled single‐shot data acquisition performance at high throughput and continuous operation. These systems have established landmark performance in spectroscopy and imaging including flow‐through microscopy, velocimetry, lidar, and other measurements. The evolution of the original time‐stretch technique into such diverse instruments and applications over the last 25 years has created the need for a unified theoretical framework. This paper represents the first step toward a universal mathematical model for time‐stretch instruments. It shows that the “stretch factor”—the fundamental performance metric—is governed by a single canonical equation in a wide range of seemingly diverse time‐stretch instruments. The paper also provides new insight into the operation of time‐stretch imaging and light scattering systems. The stretch factor is derived for time‐stretch systems that operate in temporal, spatial, angular, and Doppler domains. The analysis and mathematical tools provided here can facilitate understanding and analysis of such systems and help future developments in this field.
Uniformity and Stability of Quantum Dot Pixels Evaluated by Microscale Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Shuchen , Bai Wenhao , Lin Cunjian , Xuan Tongtong , Dong Guoyan , Huang Fan , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantum dot color conversion films (QD‐CCFs) are proposed for use in full‐color micron‐sized light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED) displays, but quickly and precisely evaluating their optical quality and identifying the bad pixels among them remain challenging. In this work, microscale fluorescence spectroscopy (MFS) is demonstrated to investigate the photoluminescence uniformity and stability of red‐emitting CdSe/CdS/ZnS QD‐CCF pixels prepared by high‐resolution inkjet printing. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity imaging, together with the PL spectrum, lifetime imaging, and time‐dependent PL intensity curve, enables accurate analysis of the luminescence uniformity and thermal and light stability of QD‐CCFs. The coffee rings in QD‐CCF pixels can be clearly identified by MFS, which are missed by a conventional fluorescence microscope. It thus provides feedback for tailoring the composition and properties of ink to eliminate coffee rings or other defects. The combination of MFS with machine learning will likely realize the “massive detection” of QD‐CCFs for micro‐LEDs.
Bile duct anastomosis does not promote bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged during living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Han Sangbin , Kim You Sang , Choi Gyu‐Sung , Kim Jong Man , Lee Kyo Won , Ko Jae‐Hoon , Yoo In Young , Ko Justin Sangwook , Gwak Mi Sook , Joh Jae‐Won , Kim Gaab Soo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bile duct surgeries are conventionally considered to promote bacterial contamination of the surgical field. However, liver transplantation recipients' bile produced by the newly implanted liver graft from healthy living donors may be sterile. We tested bacterial contamination of autologous blood salvaged before and after bile duct anastomosis (BDA) during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 29 patients undergoing LDLT, bacterial culture was performed for four blood samples and one bile sample: two from autologous blood salvaged before BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), two from autologous blood salvaged after BDA (one was nonleukoreduced and another was leukoreduced), and one from bile produced in the newly implanted liver graft. The primary outcome was bacterial contamination. The risk of bacterial contamination was not significantly different between nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged before BDA and nonleukoreduced autologous blood salvaged after BDA (44.8% and 31.0%; odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03–1.86; p = 0.228). No bacteria were found after leukoreduction in all 58 autologous blood samples. All bile samples were negative for bacteria. None of the 29 patients, including 13 patients who received salvaged autologous blood positive for bacteria, developed postoperative bacteremia. We found that bile from the newly implanted liver graft is sterile in LDLT and BDA does not increase the risk of bacterial contamination of salvaged blood, supporting the use of blood salvage during LDLT even after BDA. Leukoreduction converted all autologous blood samples positive for bacteria to negative. The clinical benefit of leukoreduction for salvaged autologous blood on post‐LDLT bacteremia needs further research.
Quantitative Functionalization of the Tyrosine Residues in Silk Fibroin through an Amino‐Tyrosine Intermediate
Authors: Hausken Kian G. , Frevol Romane L. , Dowdle Kimberly P. , Young Aleena N. , Talusig Jeremy M. , Holbrook Carolynne C. , Rubin Benjamin K. , Murphy Amanda R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, a reaction sequence that can be used to quantitatively modify the tyrosine residues in silk protein fromB. morisilkworms is demonstrated. A primary amine is installed ortho to the hydroxyl group on the tyrosine ring using a diazonium coupling reaction followed by reduction of the azo bond. The resulting amine is then acylated using carboxylic acid or NHS‐ester derivatives at room temperature and neutral pH conditions. The silk derivatives are characterized using1H NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, ATR‐FTIR, and a unique method to follow this reaction sequence using isotopically labeled reagents and 2D NMR spectroscopy is also used. This study further demonstrates that this sequence can be used to install alkyne or azide functional groups which can undergo further bio‐orthogonal cycloaddition reactions under mild conditions. Finally, methods to carry out these modifications on solid silk microparticles and electrospun mats are also described.
Consumer response to online behavioral advertising in a social media context: The role of perceived ad complicity
Authors: Ghanbarpour Tohid , Sahabeh Easa , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrands and social media platforms are two main players in online behavioral advertising (OBA), but the extant literature overlooks the interaction between them. Although advertising brands invest considerable resources to target potential consumers through social media advertising, our analysis indicates that publisher‐platform‐related activities can elicit negative consequences. Thus, we examined the role of perceived ad complicity, that is, consumers' perception regarding advertisers partnering with the social media platforms in the OBA process. We used perceived ad complicity as a moderator to explain the variation in consumers' negative responses to OBA in a social media context. Our results indicate that consumers with high perceived ad complicity experience greater perceived ad intrusiveness. This effect directly impacts their attitudes toward publisher platforms and advertising brands but consumers react more negatively toward brands (vs. publisher platforms) regarding this practice. Furthermore, we found that consumers who are more sensitive to social norms experience stronger perceived ad complicity and that informing consumers about why they are seeing specific ads on their social media platforms does not change their views on ad complicity.
Regulating the Thermodynamics and Thermal Properties of Depolymerizable Polycyclooctenes through Substituent Effects
Authors: Sathe Devavrat , Chen Hanlin , Wang Junpeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChemical recycling to monomer (CRM) is a promising route for transitioning to a circular polymer economy. To develop new CRM systems with useful properties, it is important to understand the effects of monomer structure on polymerization/depolymerization behavior. In earlier work, this group demonstrated chemically recyclable polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of trans‐cyclobutane fused cyclooctenes (tCBCO). Here, it is investigated how different substituents on cyclobutane impact the thermodynamics and thermal properties of tCBCO polymers. Introducing additional substituents to a cis‐diester functionalized tCBCO is found to favor the conversion of polymerization; increased polymerization conversion is also observed when the cis‐diester is isomerized into its trans counterpart. The effects of these structural features on the thermal properties are also studied. These findings can provide important insights into designing next‐generation CRM polymers.
Highly carboxylic acid functionalized PIM‐1 by hydrothermal method: Mechanistic study of gas separation properties
Authors: Peng Yunfei , Xia Zhenbao , Song Yuanhang , Zhang Yuexia , Li Yanhui , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to improve the conversion efficiency of carboxylation for polymers of intrinsic microporous (PIM‐1). According to stable thermal properties of PIM‐1, a hydrothermal method is used for the first time to achieve the carboxylation conversion of PIM‐1 (C‐PIM), achieving a conversion rate of more than 90% at a reaction time of 10 hours, which is nearly five times more efficient than the most efficient conversion process currently available, preserving the film‐forming properties. The completion of the carboxylation conversion is verified using 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, and organic elemental analysis. It is found that the change in molecular weight affected the film‐forming properties of the membrane material, and the hydrophobicity of the C‐PIM membrane did not decrease compared with C‐PIM membrane reported in previous studies. The effect of C‐PIM on the selectivity of CO2 gas is explained from the microscopic to the macroscopic level by using physical characterization such as molecular structure analysis, XRD, cross‐linkage calculation, pore size and volume distribution, and fractional free volume (FFV) calculation. It verifies that the efficiency of CO2 adsorption and diffusion selectivity for PIM‐1 membranes has been improved by carboxylation, preserving excellent separation, and capture capacity of CO2.
Biofeedback‐assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Leonardo Kevin , Seno Doddy Hami , Mirza Hendy , Afriansyah Andika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis aims to compare biofeedback‐assisted pelvic muscle floor training (PFMT) and pelvic electrical stimulation (ES) as an intervention group, with PFMT or bladder training (BT) as the control group, in women with an overactive bladder (OAB).MethodPubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 2021. The RCTs were screened for our eligibility criteria and quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Index of Bias tools. The outcomes were changes in quality of life (QoL), episodes of incontinence, and the number of participants cured/improved.ResultsEight studies involving 562 patients (comprising 204 patients with biofeedback‐assisted PFMT, 108 patients with pelvic ES, and 250 patients who received PFMT alone or BT and lifestyle recommendations only, as the control group) were included. The ES group showed significant differences in terms of changes to QoL (mean difference [MD]: 7.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.90−12.92, p = 0.008), episodes of incontinence (MD: −1.33, 95% CI: −2.50 to −0.17, p = 0.02), and the number of participants cured or improved (risk ratio [RR]: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14−1.87, p = 0.003), while the biofeedback group resulted in nonsignificant changes in QoL (MD: 0.13, 95% CI: 7.87−8.12, p = 0.98), episodes of incontinence (MD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.89 to 0.90, p = 0.99), and the number of participants cured or improved (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.99−1.33, p = 0.08), both compared to the control group respectively.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis shows that low‐frequency pelvic ES appears to be sufficient and effective as an additional intervention for women with OAB in clinical practice according to improvements in the subjects' QoL and reduction of symptoms. Meanwhile, biofeedback‐assisted PFMT does not appear to be a significant adjuvant for conservative OAB therapy.
Early predictors of lung necrosis severity in children with community‐acquired necrotizing pneumonia
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Zhang Xueya , Chen Bo , Ji Yongan , Chen Wei , Cai Shujing , Xu Ming , Yu Mingwei , Bao Qiyu , Li Changchong , Zhang Hailin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics and explore the possible predictors of lung necrosis severity in children with community‐acquired necrotizing pneumonia (NP).MethodologyThis retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary referral center. A total of 104 patients aged <15 years with community‐acquired pneumonia and radiologically confirmed NP by computed tomography (CT) were included. Patients were classified into the mild, moderate, or massive necrosis groups.ResultsAmong them, 29, 41, and 34 patients had mild, moderate, and massive necrosis, respectively. Moreover, 34.6% of the patients were admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Massive necrosis was more likely to occur during winter (p < 0.05) and was associated with more severe clinical outcomes, such as longer duration of fever, longer hospitalization, increased mortality, and a higher risk of subsequent surgical intervention (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the following were independent risk factors for massive necrosis in this study: C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.036), serum albumin (p = 0.009), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (p = 0.022). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that when the cut‐off value for CRP, serum albumin, and IgM were set at 122 mg/L, 30.8 g/L, and 95.7 mg/dl, respectively, they showed good diagnostic performance for differentiating patients with massive necrosis from all patients with NP.ConclusionNP is a potentially severe complication of pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia. Different severities of lung necrosis can lead to different clinical outcomes. CRP, serum albumin, and IgM levels are independent predictors of the degree of lung necrosis.
Calibration of subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts using ensemble model output statistics and observational uncertainty
Authors: Dirkson Arlan , Denis Bertrand , Merryfield William J. , Peterson K. Andrew , Tietsche Steffen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn response to a growing demand for improved sea‐ice forecast guidance at shorter timescales and higher spatial resolutions, this study investigates the predictive skill of daily subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts from two state‐of‐the‐art prediction systems: SEAS5 from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Based on hindcast records from 1998–2017, we find that probabilistic forecasts of sea‐ice concentration (SIC) throughout the marginal ice zone of the Canadian Arctic in June and November are no more skillful than simple benchmark forecasts based on climatology and damped persistence. At short lead times, the lack of skill arises from overconfident ensemble spread and errors in forecast initial conditions. At longer lead times, the development of model drift also plays a role. To improve the forecasts, we develop the nonhomogeneous censored Gaussian regression for SIC (NCGR‐sic) calibration procedure, which uses the forecast ensemble mean and ensemble standard deviation (both locally and from neighboring locations) as predictors in an ensemble model output statistics framework. Importantly, NCGR‐sic incorporates observational uncertainty directly during model parameter fitting, leading to enhanced calibration. NCGR‐sic improves the spatial probability score by , on average, half of which we infer results from the removal of climatological bias and half from the improvement of forecast uncertainty. Calibrated forecasts from SEAS5 (GEPS) exceed the skill of climatology throughout the marginal ice zone over at least the first 33 (26) days in June and the first 32 (15) days in November. Generally, better skill occurs outside the Canadian Archipelago and for low‐ to mid‐range SIC compared with high SIC. While calibrated forecasts also outperform damped persistence after the first 3–10 days, we postulate that initial condition inconsistencies must be resolved in order to obtain skill at shorter timescales. Finally, the robustness of NCGR‐sic is demonstrated by effectively improving an operational forecast from June 2020.
Compound optimality criteria and graphical tools for designs for prediction
Authors: de Oliveira Heloisa M. , de Oliveira César B. A. , Gilmour Steven G. , Trinca Luzia A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe prediction capability of a design is an important issue in response surface methodology. Following the line of argument that a design should have several desirable properties, we have extended an existing compound design criterion to include prediction properties, with interval predictions allowed for. We explain that predictions of differences in responses are often more useful than predictions of responses themselves, which leads to the definition of the ‐optimality criterion. The work also introduces several extensions of existing graphical tools for inspecting prediction performances of the designs in the whole region of experimentation. Two examples illustrate the methods, one for the cubic and the other for the spherical region. We compare the new, classical and standard optimum designs using the graphical tools.