bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity of sperm receptacles for securing the offspring genetic variability in a pelagic squid
Authors: Sato Noriyosi , Ono Hiroki , Hirohashi Noritaka , Iwata Yoko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Female eumetazoans often develop sperm storage organs (SSOs). Although the processes of sperm storage may influence sperm competition and cryptic female choice in polyandrous species, the significance of developing multiple SSOs is not well understood. In contrast to coastal squids (which develop no more than two SSOs), the female Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus, a more oceanic pelagic species, develops more than 20 SSOs, which take the form of specialized pockets, called seminal receptacles (SRs), on the buccal membrane. We investigated the sperm storage pattern of SRs by paternity analysis of hatchlings obtained after artificial insemination using sperm retrieved from 6 arbitrarily selected SRs. The results showed that females were capable of storing sperm contributed by 9 to 23 males, indicating that females are broadly promiscuous. In the pattern of sperm storage, the number of males and proportion of their sperm present in the SRs varied widely among SRs, and sperm storage was biased towards particular males at the individual SR level. However, when calculated as a proportion of all the SRs within a female, the number of sires increased and the paternity bias towards any particular male weakened. These results suggest that one function of having multiple SRs in T. pacificus may be to ensure genetic diversity of the offspring.
Artificial Intelligence Based Automated Analysis System for Industrial NDE Applications
Authors: ANAGNOSTOPOULOS Eleftherios , KERNIN Yann , REHFELDT Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In all industrial sectors the critical components are evaluated periodically to ensure their integrity and the highest level of security. While Non-Destructive Evaluation methods and procedures are subject to Norms and Qualification standards, several aspects could still be optimized and achieve on one hand the improvement of the overall quality of the inspection and on the other hand the reduction of equipment downtime: the long occupation of the components can be a real burden in terms of costs and productivity. An Automated assistance based on Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) for analyzing the important number of acquired NDE data can importantly contribute. INTERCONTROLE (France) and QUALICON (Germany) of Framatome Group, provide NDE services in Nuclear Plants for inspecting the full Primary Circuit of the Reactor. To deploy an A.I. based industrial solution INTERCONTROLE and QUALICON have developed the FAIA Software. This platform integrates Artificial Intelligence analysis algorithms for most used NDE methods such as Visual, Ultrasonic and Eddy Current Testing. The system is capable to process input signal (images, video, timeseries) and provide real-time alarms for potential existence of defects. In this conference we present the FAIA Software, and we illustrate its performances for two use-cases from nuclear and railway industries: Visual Testing of Reactor Vessel components and Ultrasonic Phased Array inspection of train axles. The use of Object Detection backed by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) allows not only to detect relevant indications such as natural defects (cracks, scratches) and notches but also accurately localize and characterize them. The proposed CNN is combined with the Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation methods that reduce the necessary training time of the model and the size of the learning data set respectively. Therefore, the adaptability and versatility of A.I. in different environments with high noise level, variating illumination conditions, and geometric echoes is demonstrated.
Curcumin: A compound in turmeric that has the potential to reduce Nuclear Factor-Kappa Beta (NF-kB), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-a) levels, and pain intensity after high-intensity physical exercise
Authors: Ayubi Novadri , Kusnanik Nining Widyah , Herawati Lilik , Muhammad Heryanto Nur , Mutohir Toho Cholik , Komaini Anton 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze and prove the effect of curcumin on NF-kB, TNF-a levels, and pain intensity after high-intensity physical exercise.
Method This experimental study used a pre and post-control group design. Research subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique and then the subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely group (K1) with placebo administration and group (K2) with 400 mg dose of curcumin. A total of 20 healthy men aged between 20-30 years participated in this study. On the first day, all subjects took data on the characteristics of research subjects, then warmed up, and then the subjects did a high-intensity physical exercise in the form of squad and leg press exercises with an intensity of 80-90% of maximum abilities. The exercise was carried out in 4 sets for each form of exercise and rest between sets for about 1 minute. On the second day, after 24 hours, all subjects measured pain intensity and took pre-test blood samples, then were given interventions based on their respective groups. On the third day, after 24 hours, all subjects took pain intensity measurements and took post-test blood samples. Measurement of pain intensity using the Visual Analytical Scale (VAS) and blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory using the ELISA method to examine levels of NF-kB and TNF-a. After the data was obtained, the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 26 application.
Results The results of this study reported that the group that was given curcumin after high-intensity physical exercise was able to significantly reduce levels of NF-kB, TNF-a, and pain intensity (*p<0.05) compared to the placebo group.
Conclusions We believe that the main cause of muscle soreness is the uncontrolled increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines after high-intensity physical exercise. Since the reduction in pain intensity after high-intensity exercise is necessary to support bodily functions, we highly recommend the use of curcumin which has many positive benefits for exercisers.
Count data models and Bayesian shrinkage priors with real-world data applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arinjita , Mitra Riten , Rai Shesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies in the public health field often consist of outcome measures such as number of hospital visits or number of laboratory tests per person.They arise in genomics, electronic health records, epidemic modeling among many other areas. These measures are highly skewed distributions and requires count data models for inference. Count data modeling is of prime importance in these fields of public health and medical sciences. Also sparse outcomes, as in next-generation sequencing data, require further accounting for zero inflation. Methods: We present a unified Bayesian hierarchical framework that implements and compares shrinkage priors in negative-binomial and zero-inflated negative-binomial regression models. We first represent the likelihood by a Polya-Gamma data augmentation that makes it amenable to a hierarchical model employing a wide class of shrinkage priors. Shrinkage priors are especially relevant for high-dimensional regression. We specifically focus on the Horseshoe, Dirichlet Laplace, and Double Pareto priors. Extensive simulation studies address the model’s efficiency and mean square errors are reported. Further, the models are applied to data sets, namely covid-19 vaccine adverse events, no. of Ph.D. publications data, and the US National Medical Expenditure Survey, among other datasets. Results: The models consistently showed good performance in variable selection captured by model accuracies, sensitivities, and specificity and predictive performance by mean square errors. We even obtained mean square error rates as low as 0.003 in p > n cases in simulation studies. In real case studies, the variable selection results strongly confirmed current biological insights and opened the doors to potential new findings. For example, the number of days between the Covid-19 vaccination and onset of adverse events depended on age, sex, if there is life threat or not, if there was emergency room visit, no. of extended stay, other medications, laboratory data, disease during vaccination, prior vaccination status, allergy status among other factors. A remarkable reduction in MSE of the fitted values testified to the predictive performance of the model. Conclusions: Bayesian generalized linear models using shrinkage priors are robust enough to extract relevant predictors in high-dimensional regressions. They can be applied to a broad range of biometric and public health high dimensional problems. Also the R package ”ShrinkageBayesGlm” is available for hands-on experience at https://github.com/arinjita9/ShrinkageBayesGlm
Ocean Observing Time Series Anomaly Detection Based on DTW-TRSAX Method
Authors: Wang Yi , Lyu Xiaoying , Yang Shujia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Ocean observing series anomaly detection is an essential part of maritime supervision. Due to the harsh environment, marine observation equipment is relatively easy to damage. Ocean observing series anomaly detection can assist maritime department to find abnormal equipment in a timely manner, rather than costly periodic inspections, which is of great significance for maintaining the safety and reliability of ocean engineering. Given the problems of the random of ocean systems and the lack of labeled data sets, the trend-based symbolic distance and dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW-TRSAX) were proposed for ocean observing time series anomaly detection. Finally, based on the data set issued by the National Ocean Test Site of China and public data set issued by the National Marine Data Center, our method was verified. The results show that the method is reliable for ocean engineering, can work potentially in a real-time way, and will help ocean engineering managers to obtain informed decisions.
A continuum of individual-level factors that influence modern contraceptive uptake and use: perspectives from community members and healthcare providers in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Kriel Yolandie , Milford Cecilia , Cordero Joanna Paula , Suleman Fatima , Steyn Petrus S , Smit Jennifer Ann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background South Africa faces numerous sexual and reproductive health challenges that can be mitigated with contraceptive use. Contraceptive use is defined and measured as use, non-use, or discontinued use. Research has shown that there are expanded definitions of use beyond these categories. Identifying such categories may assist in a better understanding of factors that influence contraceptive use.
Setting and methodology This qualitative study was conducted in the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim was to explore the factors influencing the uptake and use of modern contraception. One hundred and twenty-seven participants were enrolled in this study. One hundred and three of those were community members, and twenty-five were healthcare providers. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted to gather the data. Data analysis was facilitated using NVivo 10 software.
Results The data show that numerous factors influence contraceptive uptake and use. From these factors, a continuum of use that captures a variety of states of use emerged. Five different states of use were uncovered: no-use, vulnerable use, compelled use, conditional use, and autonomous use. The development of the model illustrates the complexity of contraceptive needs and that it extends beyond definitions found in policies and large-scale surveys. Expanding conceptions of use can aid in developing counselling and information support tools that can improve the uptake and continued use of modern contraception.
Influence of Mn Content on the Optical Structural and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Quinternary Cu2Cd1-XMnxSnS4 Thin Films
Authors: Ochang M. B. , Ahemen I. , Amah A. N. , Jubu P. R. , Onoja A. D. , Hile D. D. , Yusof Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Novel quinternary Cu2Cd1 − xMnxSnS4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) semiconductor thin films were deposited onto glass substrates at 300 ℃ by the spray pyrolysis technique to study the effect of Mn content on the structural, compositional, topographical, optical, and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that an increase in Mn content in the Cu2Cd1−xMnxSnS4 films resulted in a transition from the cernyite to stannite phase tetragonal crystal structure and a change in lattice parameters. The intensity of the predominant 112 peak was observed to be relatively low at higher Mn content. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the Cu2Cd1 − xMnxSnS4 films were Cu-poor, Sn-poor and close to stoichiometry. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the average roughness of the films fluctuated between 43.9 -73.95 nm. Optical characterization showed a high absorption coefficient of 105 cm−1 while the direct optical band gap and Urbach energy varied between 1.79–1.92 eV and 226–564 meV, respectively with an increase in Mn content. Electrical resistivity, hole mobility and carrier concentration were observed to fluctuate between 8.5 x102- 2.4 x 101 Ωcm, 1.31 x 101- 6.24 x103 cm2V/s and 2.0 x 107-5.03 x1013 cm−3, respectively with an increase in Mn content. The Cu2Cd1−xMnxSnS4 films exhibited a p-type conductivity.
Comparison of earthquake catalogs declustered from three different methods in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Sung Kyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The earthquake catalog includes both dependent earthquakes, which are spatio-temporally related to each other, and independent or background earthquakes. In order to predict the long-term seismicity or perform seismic hazard research, the dependent earthquakes must be removed to generate a declustered earthquake catalog. However, several declustering methods have been proposed, and the evaluation of seismic hazard may vary depending on the selected declustering method. In the present study, the catalog of earthquakes that were observed between 2016 and 2021 in and around the Korean peninsula is declustered using the methods of Gardner and Knopoff (1974), Reasenberg (1985), and Zhuang et al. (2002), and the resultant catalogs are compared. The values of the seismicity parameters (a and b) in the Gutenberg-Richter relationship are estimated from the declustered catalogs, and are seen to vary depending on the declustering method, thereby affecting the results of long-term earthquake prediction or seismic hazard analysis.
In addition, three approaches are used to test whether the original (raw) and declustered catalogs follow the Poisson process or not. The minimum magnitude (Mp) above which the null hypothesis of the Poisson process cannot be rejected in the earthquake catalog is shown to range from 1.6 to 2.2 depending on the declustered catalog and the test method used. Further, the Mp obtained herein shows a large value compared to the completeness magnitude estimated in the present study. A comparison of the curves representing the cumulative number of background earthquakes versus the elapsed time for the various declustered catalogs shows that the method of Zhuang et al. (2002) gives the closest agreement with the real background seismicity curve.
Effects of Growth Distributions on Tensile Properties of Palm Leaf Sheath Fibers
Authors: Liu Xin , Qi Yanxin , Wu Zhihui , Zhang Jilei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Palm leaf sheath fibers (PLSFs), obtained from palm trees that are found in the southern part of China, has been used to make buffer and resilience products such as mattresses. After decomposition, it was found that the palm fibers wrap the tree trunks in three layers, by means of clockwise, counter-clockwise, and overlapping mechanisms. The length of the palm fibers measured between 200 and 350 mm, the weight between 0.002 and 0.006 g. It was also observed that PLSFs that were found at the middle and upper parts of the leaf sheath exhibited good tensile properties.
Development of clinical practice ability evaluation scale for new nurses and its reliability and validity
Authors: Shan Weiying , Ning Yanjiao , Feng Yajing , Shan Weichao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective:To develop the clinical practice ability evaluation scale for new nurses and test its reliability and validity.
Methods: The clinical practice ability prediction test scale of new nurses [1]was formed through literature research, expert meeting, Delphi expert consultation and pre investigation. 578 new nurses were selected by stratified sampling method for investigation and analysis to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The newly recruited nursing clinical practice ability evaluation scale included 5 dimensions and 45 items; Each item of the new nurses' clinical practice ability evaluation scale has a good differentiation, and the total correlation of each item is 0.437~0.697; Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitting index was good (2/df=1.035, RMSEA=0.008, GFI=0.932, AGFI=0.925, CFI=0.998, TLI=0.998, SRMR=0.028);The calibration correlation validity was 0.831; Content validity: S-CVI=0.93, I-CVI=0.833~1.000; The internal consistency of the scale is fine, the correlation coefficient between the total score of each dimension and the total score of the scale is 0.583~0.861, and the correlation coefficient between the dimensions of the scale is 0.262~0.362; Overall Cronbach's of the scale is 0.946, and the split half reliability is 0.682.
Conclusion:The clinical practice ability evaluation scale for new nurses has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the clinical practice ability of new nurses.
Impact Factors of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in patients after lung cancer surgery: an outpatients-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Qu Can , Xiang Si-Zhou , Li Lin-Jun , Wang Xiao-Wen , Huang Chun , Chen Dan , Wu Qing-Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground The safety and efficacy of several vaccine candidates have been tested and found to be effective and safe against COVID-19. But, little is known about the actual level of people with lung cancer willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine and the impact factors that affect acceptability. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy in lung cancer patients after surgery and characterize underlying factors contributing to reluctance. Methods An clinical survey was inducted from May 1, 2021, to August 20, 2021. Eligible participants were 18 years or older, were diagnosed with lung cancer, and received lung cancer surgery, including lobectomy, sublobectomy, and pneumonectomy. Data were collected on a self-administered questionnaire from 294 lung cancer patients after surgery. Results Among the final included 281 participants, 54.1% were female, and 93.6% were of Han ethnicity. 48.0% were in pathologic stage I, 36.3% in stage II, 10.3% in stage III, and 5.3% in stage IV. The vaccination hesitancy/refusal rate was 41.6%. In multivariable regression analysis, age over 60 years old, low educational level, duration of cancer (< 1 year), subjective health status, current cancer treatments use, presence of postoperative pain, and report of the items “ever hesitated or refused to get a vaccination,” “get negative information about getting the COVID-19 vaccine”, “worried about vaccine adverse reactions,” and “worried about the COVID vaccine interferes with cancer treatments” were independently associated with hesitant of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions Vaccine hesitancy is common among lung cancer patients after surgery, related mainly to health status and concerns about side effects, worsens cancer prognosis, and interferes with cancer treatments. These results suggest that vaccination programs may need tailoring to specific populations’ hesitancy.
Non-lunge feeding behaviour of humpback whales associated with fishing boats in Norway
Authors: Iwata Takashi , Aoki Kagari , Miller Patrick J. O. , Biuw Martin , Williamson Michael J. , Sato Katsufumi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Top marine predators, such as odontocetes, pinnipeds, and seabirds, are known to forage around fishing boats because fishermen aggregate and/or discard their prey. Recently, there have been reports of humpback whales interacting with fishing boats. However, whether humpback whales utilise discard fish as a food source and how they forage around fishing boats is unknown. This study reports for the first time, the foraging behaviour of a humpback whale around fishing boats. Three whales were tagged using a suction-cup tag containing a video camera, and a behavioural data logger in the coastal area of Tromsø, Norway. Video data from one tagged whale showed that the whale remained in close vicinity of fishing boats for 43 minutes, and revealed the presence of large numbers of dead fish, fish-eating killer whales, fishing boats, and fishing gear. In waters with large numbers of dead fish, the whale raised its upper jaw, a motion associated with engulfing discard fish from fishing boats, and this feeding behaviour differed markedly from lunge-feeding observed in two other whales in the same area. This behaviour was defined as “pick-up feeding”. The behavioural data logger showed that there was no lunge feeding when the whale foraged around fishing boats. This study showed a novel humpback whale foraging strategy: low energy gain from scattered prey but also low energy costs because high-energy lunge feeding was not required.
Examination of sex differences in bottom-up auditory attention according to human behavioral judgments of the auditory saliency model
Authors: Obama Naoya , Sato Yoshiki , Akisada Takeshi , Nagami Shinsuke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many cognitive functions are related to sex. However, the relationship between auditory attention and sex remains unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sex differences in auditory saliency judgments according to bottom-up auditory attention. Forty-five normal adults (mean age: 21.5 ± 0.64 years) without hearing, intelligence, and attention deficits were enrolled. They listened to five audio stimuli played by a loudspeaker in a soundproof room and then annotated the attention-capturing sounds. Each stimulus contained 10 salient sounds (foreground tokens) randomly placed within a 1-minute natural soundscape (background token). Responses were confirmed for 77 sound events, with individual response rates of 4–100%. The overall and foreground token response rates were lower in females than in males (p < 0.01), but the background token response rate was higher in females (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, only loudness influenced female response rates (p = 0.002); thus, females may be more influenced by loudness when making saliency judgments than males. This study is the first to report sex differences in auditory saliency judgments according to bottom-up auditory attention. In conclusion, sex differences should be considered when assessing bottom-up auditory attention.