bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Oligotrophic Waters Expansion in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Revealed by 21 Years of Satellite Observations
Authors: Leonelli F. E. , Bellacicco M. , Pitarch J. , Organelli E. , Buongiorno Nardelli B. , de Toma V. , Cammarota C. , Marullo S. , Santoleri R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASTG) has experienced the fastest expansion of oligotrophic waters worldwide in response to ocean warming. We study the trophic regime changes in the NASTG by using 21 years (1998–2018) of satellite chlorophyll‐a (CHL) data, complemented with other variables such as Sea Surface Temperature, optical backscatter coefficients (bbp), Secchi disk (zSD), and Mixed Layer Depth. To this aim, we describe the spatial/temporal variability of waters with the lowest CHL concentrations (CHL ≤ 0.04 mg m−3) with an inter‐annual variability analysis of key environmental variables. Main results demonstrate that these ultra‐oligotrophic waters are spatially expanding and increasing in frequency, shifting the NASTG to a dominant quasi‐permanent ultra‐oligotrophic condition, thus confirming the ongoing ocean desertification.
Evolution of Olivine Fabrics During Deep Subduction and Exhumation of Continental Crust: Insights From the Yinggelisayi Garnet Lherzolite, South Altyn, NW China
Authors: Geng Guojian , Liu Liang , Xu Haijun , Yang Wenqiang , Wang Chao , Gai Yongsheng , Ma Tuo , Li Xin , Liao Xiaoying , Li Tong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe different olivine fabrics in ultramafic rocks have been widely used to discuss past tectonic settings, given that the olivine fabrics vary with pressure, temperature and water content. However, there are no research related to whether and how the olivine fabrics transform at different metamorphic stages in a natural rock during the process of deep subduction and exhumation. Yinggelisayi garnet lherzolites from South Altyn have experienced deep continental subduction and exhumation. The garnet lherzolites contain well‐preserved residual protolith minerals, and near‐peak (M1), granulite‐facies retrograde (M2), and amphibolite‐facies retrograde (M3) metamorphic mineral assemblages. Olivine grains in M1 formed at P‐T conditions of 2.52–3.08 GPa, 1,095–1,136°C and low water contents (183–213 ppm H/Si), and showed [010] axes sub‐normal to the foliation and [001] axes subparallel to the lineation, which is characteristic of B‐type fabric ((010)[001]). Olivine grains in M2 formed at P‐T conditions of 1.31–1.80 GPa, 851–893°C and also low water contents (93–139 ppm H/Si), and exhibited [010] axes sub‐normal to the foliation and [100] axes subparallel to the lineation, which is characteristic of A‐type fabric ((010)[100]). These observations suggest that olivine fabrics in high pressure‐ultrahigh pressure metamorphosed ultramafic rocks are different in the near‐peak and retrograde metamorphic stages, and also that the olivine fabrics can be transformed during deep continental subduction and exhumation. Therefore, the dispersed or no clear olivine fabric is probably caused by multi‐stage deformation and metamorphism, and the distinct olivine fabrics can also be used as a clue to identify geological processes and better understand metamorphism and deformation during subduction and exhumation.
Monthly Gravity Field Solutions From Early LEO Satellites' Observations Contribute to Global Ocean Mass Change Estimates Over 1993∼2004
Authors: Chen Qiujie , Wang Fengwei , Shen Yunzhong , Zhang Xingfu , Nie Yufeng , Chen Jianhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince few time‐variable gravity field models were developed before the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) era, one normally estimates the global mean ocean mass (GMOM) changes by summing the mass contributions. In this study, new monthly gravity field models named Tongji‐LEO2021 developed from Early Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites' observations are used to directly estimate GMOM changes and quantify the closure of global sea‐level budget with Altimetry and Steric observations between 1993 and 2004. The resulting GMOM changes from Tongji‐LEO2021 solutions are comparable to those from the Center for Space Research RL06 GRACE solutions and the IGG‐SLR‐HYBRID solutions, with the correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.88. Our results show that the LEO‐derived GMOM change rate is 0.88 ± 0.16 mm/year, slightly larger than 0.83 ± 0.16 mm/year from IGG‐SLR‐HYBRID, which are both close to Altimetry‐Steric estimate (0.87 ± 0.33 mm/year). Overall, Tongji‐LEO2021 solutions can estimate the GMOM change and understand the global sea‐level change before the GRACE era.
Midwinter Reversal of the Atmospheric Anomalies Caused by the North Pacific Mode‐Related Air‐Sea Coupling
Authors: Tao Lingfeng , Fang Jiabei , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Sun Xuguang , Cai Danping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) modes are considered as primary sources of climate variabilities on various timescales. The North Pacific Mode (NPM), an El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐independent, principal interannual SSTA mode in the midlatitude North Pacific during wintertime, can have a significant climate impact over the adjacent areas. However, the air‐sea coupling processes associated with NPM remain unclear, which are identified in this study. The NPM‐related SSTA develops in early winter, matures in midwinter, but decays in late winter, while the associated atmospheric anomalies exhibit a dramatic midwinter reversal. The SSTA development is forced by the atmosphere in early winter and then feedbacks upon the atmosphere through diabatic heating and transient eddy forcing, inducing a midwinter reversal of whole‐layer atmospheric anomalies. Therefore, the NPM is an atmosphere‐forced, air‐sea coupled damping mode through which, however, the ocean provides a memory mechanism responsible for how the preceding atmospheric anomaly can have a cross‐season, subsequent impact.
Planetary Waves Traveling Between Mars Science Laboratory and Mars 2020
Authors: Battalio J. Michael , Martínez Germán , Newman Claire , de la Torre Juarez Manuel , Sánchez‐Lavega Agustín , Víudez‐Moreiras Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing Perseverance (Mars 2020) and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measurements, we obtain planetary waves with a period of 1.5–30 sols in the 1.5 m temperature, winds (Mars 2020), surface pressure, and relative humidity. Planetary waves emerge and propagate latitudinally across all variables. Short‐period waves peak at periods of ∼2, 3, and 4.5 sols, confirming previous detections of waves, and wave amplitudes agree at Mars 2020 and MSL for all variables. The simultaneous detection of waves within Gale and Jezero craters in multiple variables indicates that planetary‐scale dynamics influences many facets of local weather throughout the year. Multiple waves are correlated or anti‐correlated between MSL and Mars 2020, suggesting waves originate in both hemispheres. Further, waves at one site do not always lead the other, suggesting a combination of baroclinic and barotropic processes as wave sources, determined from the phasing of the temperature and winds in Jezero compared to the Ensemble Mars Atmospheric Reanalysis System.
Complex Crater Formation by Oblique Impacts on the Earth and Moon
Authors: Davison T. M. , Collins G. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlmost all meteorite impacts occur at oblique incidence angles, but the effect of impact angle on crater size is not well understood, especially for large craters. To improve oblique impact crater scaling, we present a suite of simulations of complex crater formation on Earth and the Moon over a range of impact angles, velocities and impactor sizes. We show that crater diameter is larger than predicted by existing scaling relationships for oblique impacts; there is little dependence on obliquity for impacts steeper than 45° from the horizontal. Crater depth, volume and diameter depend on impact angle in different ways—relatively shallower craters are formed by more oblique impacts. Our simulation results have implications for how crater populations are determined from impactor populations and vice‐versa. They suggest that existing approaches to account for impact obliquity may underestimate the number of complex craters larger than a given size by as much as one‐third.
Stronger Response to the Aerosol Indirect Effect Due To Cooling in Remote Regions
Authors: Huusko Linnea , Modak Angshuman , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is often assumed that effective radiative forcings, regardless of forcing agent, are additive in the temperature change. Using climate model simulations with abruptly applied aerosol forcing we find that the temperature response per unit forcing is larger if induced by aerosol‐cloud interactions than directly by aerosols. The spatial patterns of forcing and temperature change show that aerosol‐cloud interactions induce cooling over remote oceans in the extratropics, whereas the effect of increased emissions is localized around the emission sources primarily over tropical land. The results are consistent with ideas of how the patterns of sea surface temperature impact radiative feedbacks, and a large forcing efficacy of aerosol‐cloud interactions could help explain previously observed intermodel spread in the response to aerosols.
Identifying a New Normal in Extreme Precipitation at a City Scale Under Warmer Climate Regimes: A Case Study of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan
Authors: Doan Quang‐Van , Chen Fei , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Wang Jie , Kajino Mizuo , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentifying the change of city‐scale extreme precipitation (EP) under the “new normal” of global climate is critical for various urban risk assessments. Here, we investigate the change of hourly EP caused by warmer climate regimes in a large urban agglomeration in midlatitude, Tokyo, Japan. We use pseudo‐global warming dynamical downscaling approach with a convection‐permitting regional climate model considering two Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios 8.5 and 4.5 to simulate the August climate for the present (2005–2014) and the future time (up to 2100). The results show a substantial enhancement of local hourly precipitation regarding both frequency and intensity. Framing the change with Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) scaling relation, which is of approximately 7% per K warming, we confirmed the paradigm of “extreme gets more extreme” in the future local hourly precipitation. The 0.99 quantile precipitation is intensified at the super CC scaling rate (3 CC); whereas the intensification of lower‐quantile precipitation is at the sub‐CC rate. The EP intensification is much stronger than that reported for a tropical city, highlighting geographical diversity in precipitation response to the global warming effect. The EP intensification is attributed to the global‐warming caused convective inhibition (CIN) enhancement. Enhanced CIN temporarily delays weak convections to initiate, allowing it to build up further, and when the convection does trigger, it becomes intense.
Land‐Atmosphere Interactions at a Semi‐Arid Region in the Deccan Plateau
Authors: Anand N. , Satheesh S. K. , Moorthy K. K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComprehensive characterization of turbulent fluxes and land‐atmosphere interactions at a semi‐arid region in the Deccan Plateau of peninsular India is presented using 2‐year eddy covariance measurements. Contrary to previously reported results over the Indian region, surface energy partitioning is more into sensible heat flux than latent heat flux, even during the monsoon season. Irrespective of the seasons, the soil moisture and its response to rainfall drive the land‐atmosphere interactions and along with the net radiation, play crucial roles in deciding the surface fluxes and its partitioning. Time series comparison with ERA5 reanalysis data reveals the inadequate representation of land‐atmosphere interactions in ERA5 reanalysis over the peninsular Indian region, particularly the intensity and duration of rainfall and the feedbacks of soil moisture to the atmosphere. The surface energy balance closure improves by ∼3% when the soil heat storage term is considered and is the highest when the height and scatter of the roughness elements around the measurement site are the lowest. The influence of rainfall on energy balance closure is lower as compared to land surface heterogeneity. The present study also fills an existing gap of validating the surface fluxes and its partitioning in ERA5 reanalysis in the tropics and will provide deeper insights on the land‐atmosphere interactions in tropical semi‐arid regions.
Excitation of European Transient Warming on the Caspian Sea Vortex
Authors: Chen Zhiheng , Zhang Jie , Ma Qianrong , Wu Shiying , Kuang Yuxin , Hu Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCentral Asian low vortex (CAV) is the dominant synoptic circulation, resulting in frequent heavy snowfall over Central Asia during 1983–2018. The present study investigates winter CAVs to explore their possible causes. The results suggest that the CAVs produced near the Caspian Sea (named as Caspian Sea Vortices, CSVs) are the main component of January CAVs, which account for more than 80%, exhibiting both interannual and decadal variabilities and causing stronger heavy snowfall over Central Asia since 2004. The formation of CSV is usually due to the joint effect of both low‐frequency waves and transient waves/vortices, in which the development of the latter is prior to the former, being the prophase signal of CSV enhancement and related heavy snowfall occurrences. The dominant transient waves/vortices related to CSVs not only originate from North Atlantic but also from European continent, which respectively correspond to the decadal and interannual variabilities of CSV frequency. In terms of European continent, the transient surface warming over eastern Europe enhances the atmospheric baroclinicity at lower troposphere, which on one hand excites vertical wave activity flux transporting to the upper troposphere and disturbs the transient vortex, on the other hand causes southeastward movement of North Atlantic jet. Consequently, wave energy guided by North Atlantic jet and excited over eastern Europe both disperses downstream and enhanced transient vortex evolves into the wavelike pattern, favoring the CSV formation on the next day. The transient surface warming over eastern Europe could be thereby a reference for the predictions of CAV heavy snowfall.
Mixing Dynamics at the Large Confluence Between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake
Authors: Xu Lei , Yuan Saiyu , Tang Hongwu , Qiu Jiajian , Xiao Yang , Whittaker Colin , Gualtieri Carlo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMixing processes downstream of river confluences impacts the ecology and the related environmental management of river networks. A clear understanding of such processes is challenging, especially for confluences having width‐to‐depth ratios larger than 100, due to the limited available field data. In this study, four field surveys based on hydro‐acoustic and conductivity measurements were conducted near the confluence between the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake, which are the largest river and freshwater lake in China, respectively. It was found that mixing dynamics at the confluence were controlled by a complex interaction among the momentum flux ratio, secondary flow and the lock‐exchange flow associated to the density contrast between the two tributaries. Slow mixing was observed during high‐flow conditions that generated dual counter‐rotating secondary cells, with the downwelling flow acting as a barrier in the post‐confluence channel. In contrast, more rapid mixing was observed during low‐flow conditions when only a single channel‐scale secondary flow was identified. The mixing processes were also affected by the lock‐exchange flow associated to the density difference between the two confluent flows. Such lock‐exchange enhanced mixing when the Yangtze River waters had higher temperature, that is, lower density than that of the Poyang Lake. In low flow condition, the penetration of the much larger momentum flux of Yangtze River created a “two‐layers” structure with the contribution of the density difference, which further enhanced the curvature‐induced helicity. The findings from the present study improve our current understanding of mixing dynamics in large river confluences.
Poor dental health and risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study in Sweden, 2009–2016
Authors: Yu Jingru , Ploner Alexander , Chen Margaret Sällberg , Zhang Ji , Sandborgh-Englund Gunilla , Ye Weimin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between poor dental health and pancreatic cancer risk. This study aimed to assess this association using a well-functioning nationwide dental health registry in Sweden.

Methods
Information of exposures (dental caries, root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis; the number of teeth) was ascertained from the Swedish Dental Health Register, and occurrence of pancreatic cancer was identified from both cancer and cause of death registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox models.

Results
During a median of 7.2 years of follow-up, 10,081 pancreatic cancers were identified among 5,889,441 individuals. Compared with the healthy status, a higher risk of pancreatic cancer was observed in individuals with root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis in the <50 age group (P for trend <0.001). In the 50–70 age group, only the subgroup with periodontitis had an excess risk (multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.29). No positive association with statistical significance was observed in the 70+ age group. Individuals with fewer teeth tended to have a higher risk in all age groups.

Conclusions
Our results confirmed the association between poor dental health and pancreatic cancer risk, which warrants further studies on underlying mechanisms.
Transcriptome reprogramming of Epstein-Barr virus infected epithelial and B cells reveals distinct host-virus interaction profiles
Authors: Ma Nian , Lu Juan , Pei Yonggang , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an opportunistic pathogen that can manifest itself as a potential contributor to human diseases years after primary infection, specifically in lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies in immune-competent and immune-compromised hosts. The virus shuttles between B cells and epithelial cells during its infection cycle, facilitating its persistence and transmission in humans. While EBV efficiently infects and transforms B-lymphocytes, epithelial cells are not as susceptible to transformation in vitro. We utilized a 3D platform for culturing normal oral keratinocyte cells (NOKs) using Matrigel for greater insights into the molecular interactions between EBV and infected cells. We determined the transcriptome of EBV infected NOKs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 7 and 15 days. LMPs (−1, −2A, and −2B) and EBNAs (−1, −2, −3A, −3B and −3C) were detected in all samples, and lytic gene expression was significantly higher in NOKs than PBMCs. We identified over 2000 cellular genes that were differentially expressed (P-value<0.05). Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses significantly identified pathways related to collagen-activation, chemokine signaling, immune response, metabolism, and antiviral responses. We also identified significant changes in metalloproteases and genes encoding chemotactic ligands and cell surface molecules. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was dramatically downregulated in PBMCs and upregulated in NOKs. However, MMP1 was significantly downregulated in NOKs and upregulated in PBMCs. Therefore, multiple pathways contribute to distinct pathologies associated with EBV infection in epithelial and B cells, and MMP1 and CXCR4 are critical molecules involved in regulation of latent and lytic states linked to viral associated diseases.
Molecular basis for isoform-selective inhibition of presenilin-1 by MRK-560
Authors: Guo Xuefei , Wang Yumeng , Zhou Jiayao , Jin Chen , Wang Jiaoni , Jia Bojun , Jing Dan , Yan Chuangye , Lei Jianlin , Zhou Rui , Shi Yigong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInhibition of γ-secretase activity represents a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). MRK-560 is a selective inhibitor with higher potency for Presenilin 1 (PS1) than for PS2, the two isoforms of the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PS1 and PS2-containing γ-secretase complexes with and without MRK-560 at overall resolutions of 2.9-3.4 Å. MRK-560 occupies the substrate binding site of PS1, but is invisible in PS2. Structural comparison identifies Thr281 and Leu282 in PS1 to be the determinant for isoform-dependent sensitivity to MRK-560, which is confirmed by swapping experiment between PS1 and PS2. By revealing the mechanism for isoform-selective inhibition of presenilin, our work may facilitate future drug discovery targeting γ-secretase.
Atomically precise control of rotational dynamics in charged rare-earth complexes on a metal surface
Authors: Ajayi Tolulope Michael , Singh Vijay , Latt Kyaw Zin , Sarkar Sanjoy , Cheng Xinyue , Premarathna Sineth , Dandu Naveen K. , Wang Shaoze , Movahedifar Fahimeh , Wieghold Sarah , Shirato Nozomi , Rose Volker , Curtiss Larry A. , Ngo Anh T. , Masson Eric , Hla Saw Wai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComplexes containing rare-earth ions attract great attention for their technological applications ranging from spintronic devices to quantum information science. While charged rare-earth coordination complexes are ubiquitous in solution, they are challenging to form on materials surfaces that would allow investigations for potential solid-state applications. Here we report formation and atomically precise manipulation of rare-earth complexes on a gold surface. Although they are composed of multiple units held together by electrostatic interactions, the entire complex rotates as a single unit when electrical energy is supplied from a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Despite the hexagonal symmetry of the gold surface, a counterion at the side of the complex guides precise three-fold rotations and 100% control of their rotational directions is achieved using a negative electric field from the scanning probe tip. This work demonstrates that counterions can be used to control dynamics of rare-earth complexes on materials surfaces for quantum and nanomechanical applications.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis highlights origin and pathological process of human endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Liang Jianqing , Zhang Yiming , Jiang Ning , Xu Yuhui , Qiu Mengdi , Wang Yiqin , Zhao Bing , Chen Xiaojun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEndometrial cancers are complex ecosystems composed of cells with distinct phenotypes, genotypes, and epigenetic states. Current models do not adequately reflect oncogenic origin and pathological progression in patients. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile cells from normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), which altogether represent the step-by-step development of endometrial cancer. We find that EEC originates from endometrial epithelial cells but not stromal cells, and unciliated glandular epithelium is the source of EEC. We also identify LCN2 + /SAA1/2 + cells as a featured subpopulation of endometrial tumorigenesis. Finally, the stromal niche and immune environment changes during EEC progression are described. This study elucidates the evolution of cell populations in EEC development at single-cell resolution, which would provide a direction to facilitate EEC research and diagnosis.