bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella
Authors: Blair Jessica M A , Siasat Pauline , McNeil Helen E , Colclough Abigail , Ricci Vito , Lawler Amelia J , Abdalaal Hind , Buckner Michelle M C , Baylay Alison , Busby Stephen J , Piddock Laura J V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Resistance nodulation division (RND) family efflux pumps, including the major pump AcrAB-TolC, are important mediators of intrinsic and evolved antibiotic resistance. Expression of these pumps is carefully controlled by a network of regulators that respond to different environmental cues. EnvR is a TetR family transcriptional regulator encoded upstream of the RND efflux pump acrEF.

Methods
Binding of EnvR protein upstream of acrAB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and the phenotypic consequence of envR overexpression on antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm motility and invasion of eukaryotic cells in vitro was measured. Additionally, the global transcriptome of clinical Salmonella isolates overexpressing envR was determined by RNA-Seq.

Results
EnvR bound to the promoter region upstream of the genes coding for the major efflux pump AcrAB in Salmonella, inhibiting transcription and preventing production of AcrAB protein. The phenotype conferred by overexpression of envR mimicked deletion of acrB as it conferred multidrug susceptibility, decreased motility and decreased invasion into intestinal cells in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrate the clinical relevance of this regulatory mechanism because RNA-Seq revealed that a drug-susceptible clinical isolate of Salmonella had low acrB expression even though expression of its major regulator RamA was very high; this was caused by very high EnvR expression.

Conclusions
In summary, we show that EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella, and can override binding by RamA so preventing MDR to clinically useful drugs. Finding novel tools to increase EnvR expression may form the basis of a new way to prevent or treat MDR infections.
Algorithmic lifestyle optimization
Authors: Eetemadi Ameen , Tagkopoulos Ilias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
A hallmark of personalized medicine and nutrition is to identify effective treatment plans at the individual level. Lifestyle interventions (LIs), from diet to exercise, can have a significant effect over time, especially in the case of food intolerances and allergies. The large set of candidate interventions, make it difficult to evaluate which intervention plan would be more favorable for any given individual. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for rapid identification of favorable LIs for a given individual.

Materials and methods
We have developed a method, algorithmic lifestyle optimization (ALO), for rapid identification of effective LIs. At its core, a group testing algorithm identifies the effectiveness of each intervention efficiently, within the context of its pertinent group.

Results
Evaluations on synthetic and real data show that ALO is robust to noise, data size, and data heterogeneity. Compared to the standard of practice techniques, such as the standard elimination diet (SED), it identifies the effective LIs 58.9%–68.4% faster when used to discover an individual’s food intolerances and allergies to 19–56 foods.

Discussion
ALO achieves its superior performance by: (1) grouping multiple LIs together optimally from prior statistics, and (2) adapting the groupings of LIs from the individual’s subsequent responses. Future extensions to ALO should enable incorporating nutritional constraints.

Conclusion
ALO provides a new approach for the discovery of effective interventions in nutrition and medicine, leading to better intervention plans faster and with less inconvenience to the patient compared to SED.
A horizontal and vertical crossover cuckoo search: optimizing performance for the engineering problems
Authors: Su Hang , Zhao Dong , Yu Fanhua , Heidari Ali Asghar , Xu Zhangze , Alotaibi Fahd S , Mafarja Majdi , Chen Huiling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs science and technology advance, more engineering-type problems emerge. Technology development has likewise led to an increase in the complexity of optimization problems, and the need for new optimization techniques has increased. The swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is popular among researchers as a flexible, gradient-independent optimization method. The cuckoo search (CS) algorithm in the population intelligence algorithm has been widely used in various fields as a classical optimization algorithm. However, the current CS algorithm can no longer satisfy the performance requirements of the algorithm for current optimization problems. Therefore, in this paper, an improved CS algorithm based on a crossover optimizer (CC) and decentralized foraging (F) strategy is proposed to improve the search ability and the ability to jump out of the local optimum of the CS algorithm (CCFCS). Then, in order to verify the performance of the algorithm, this paper demonstrates the performance of CCFCS from six perspectives: core parameter setting, balance analysis of search and exploitation, the impact of introduced strategies, the impact of population dimension, and comparison with classical algorithms and similar improved algorithms. Finally, the optimization effect of CCFCS on real engineering problems is tested by five classic cases of engineering optimization. According to the experimental results, CCFCS has faster convergence and higher solution quality in the algorithm performance test and maintains the same excellent performance in engineering applications.
Information processing on smartphones in public versus private
Authors: Ohme Jakob , Searles Kathleen , de Vreese Claes H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People increasingly turn to news on mobile devices, often while out and about, attending to daily tasks. Yet, we know little about whether attention to and learning from information on a mobile differs by the setting of use. This study builds on Multiple Resource Theory (Wickens, 1984) and the Resource Competition Framework (Oulasvirta et al., 2005) to compare visual attention to a dynamic newsfeed, varying only the setting: private or public. We use mobile eye-tracking to evaluate the effects of setting on attention and assess correspondent learning differences after exposure to the feed, which allows us to uncover a relationship between attention and learning. Findings indicate higher visual attention to mobile newsfeed posts in public, relative to a private setting. Moreover, scrolling through news on a smartphone in public attenuates some knowledge gain but is beneficial for other learning outcomes.
Social Benefits and Private Costs of Driving Restriction Policies: The Impact of Madrid Central on Congestion, Pollution, and Consumer Spending
Authors: Galdon-Sanchez Jose Enrique , Gil Ricard , Holub Felix , Uriz-Uharte Guillermo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Low Emission Zones are defined areas within a city where driving restrictions are introduced with the aim to reduce pollution, but they may also unintentionally distort consumer spending decisions. By increasing transportation costs to ban-affected areas, driving restrictions could discourage spending in stores of those areas. This paper empirically evaluates the effects of a driving restriction regulation in Madrid, Spain, known as Madrid Central. First, using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find an immediate decrease of 19% in pollution and of 16% in congestion with pollution dropping further once fines were levied. Second, we rely on credit card transaction data to show consumers affected by the regulation reduced their brick-and-mortar spending in the regulated area by 21%. Finally, because affected consumers partially substitute their consumption spending from brick-and-mortar to online shopping, we find suggestive evidence that e-commerce may smooth the impact of changes in transportation costs due to environmental regulations.
Nyssomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) Activity From Sunset to Sunrise: A Two-Year Study in a Rural Area in Northeast Argentina
Authors: Fernández María S , Cueto Gerardo R , Manteca-Acosta Mariana , Salomón Oscar D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We model the nocturnal patterns of the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna) in the Paranaense region of South America, Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho). Occurrence and abundance variation were analyzed by hourly periods, and in relation to sunrise and sunset to avoid differences in luminosity at fixed times throughout the year. The possible role of climatic and environmental variables on nocturnal activity curves was explored. A rotating light trap was operated biweekly in the peridomestic henhouse of a farm in Puerto Iguazú, from May 2016 to May 2018. Ny. whitmani, is the predominant Phlebotominae species (6,720 specimens captured), and is present throughout the night and seasons. Generalized additive models of nocturnal abundance of Ny. whitmani show a bell shape with an acrophase in the early evening. Models of abundance distribution as a function of total abundance showed significant nonlinear variations, only for the tertile of highest vector abundance, in the curves by hourly periods, and related to dawn, while female abundance relative to total abundance showed an asymptotic increasing curve, suggesting density-dependent events with abundance thresholds. Finally, temperature was the variable that best explained the pattern of abundance distribution of Ny. whitmani during the night, although triggers for scotophase activity due to internal clocks or luminosity could not be ruled out. The relationship of activity and abundance with climatic variables would also explain the nights of extraordinary abundance, and therefore of greater probability of vector–human and vector–reservoir contacts.
Preliminary Validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Baughcum Amy E , Clark Olivia E , Lassen Stephen , Fortney Christine A , Rausch Joseph A , Dunnells Zackery D O , Geller Pamela A , Olsavsky Anna , Patterson Chavis A , Gerhardt Cynthia A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Research suggests families whose infants are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) experience elevated distress and may have pre-existing risk factors for maladjustment. This study sought to validate the newly developed Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT-NICU/Cardiac Intensive Care Unit [CICU]), a comprehensive screening measure for family psychosocial risk in the NICU.

Methods
The sample included 171 mothers, who completed the PAT-NICU/CICU and other related measures within 2 weeks of their infant’s NICU admission at a level 4 unit within a large pediatric hospital. PAT-NICU/CICU scores were compared to a companion risk survey completed by NICU social workers. Test–retest reliability was assessed through repeated measures at 2-month follow-up.

Results
Analyses suggest the PAT-NICU/CICU is effective in classifying psychosocial risk. This is supported by statistically significant correlations between the PAT-NICU/CICU and validated measures, in addition to elevated scores on concurrent measures by risk classification. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and acceptability for the PAT-NICU/CICU were satisfactory.

Conclusions
This preliminary study demonstrates the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the PAT-NICU/CICU as a psychosocial screening tool to aid identification of families who may benefit from supportive services during NICU admission. This new measure is a more comprehensive tool that assesses a wide variety of risk factors and stress responses. However, future studies of this measure are needed with more diverse samples. Prompt screening of NICU parents may facilitate earlier linkage with appropriate levels of resources or intervention. This research is crucial in improving risk assessment and psychosocial care for families in the NICU.
Bulb growth potential is independent of leaf longevity for the spring ephemeralErythronium americanumKer-Gawl.
Authors: Bertrand Hugo , Lapointe Line 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrowth in most spring ephemerals is decreased under warmer temperatures. Although photosynthetic activities are improved at warmer temperatures, leaves senesce earlier, which prevents the bulb from reaching a larger size. A longer leaf life duration during a warm spring, therefore, may improve bulb mass. We tested this hypothesis by modulating leaf life span of Erythronium americanum through the application of Promalin® (PRO; cytokinins and gibberellins) that prolonged or silver thiosulfate (STS) that reduced leaf duration. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured along with leaf and bulb carbohydrate concentrations. Plants were also pulse labelled with 13CO2 to monitor sugar transport to the bulb. Lower photosynthetic rates and shorter leaf life span of STS plants reduced the amount of carbon that they assimilated during the season, resulting in a smaller bulb compared with control plants. PRO plants maintained their photosynthetic rates for a longer period than control plants, yet final bulb biomass did not differ between them. We conclude that seasonal growth for E. americanum is not limited by leaf life duration under warm growing conditions, but rather by limited sink growth capacity. Under global warming, spring geophytes might be at risk of being reduced in size and, eventually, reproducing less frequently.
Physical Therapy Treatment of a Person Exposed to Directed Energy: A Case Report
Authors: Whitney Susan L , Hoppes Carrie W , Lambert Karen H , Klatt Brooke N 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDirected energy exposure is a phenomenon that has been reported in Cuba and China by both U.S. and Canadian government employees. Persons exposed to directed energy report symptoms that resemble mild traumatic brain injury (concussion). No single case has been reported in the literature. A 43-year-old male with suspected directed energy exposure developed progressively worsening headaches, dizziness, auditory/vestibular symptoms, balance problems, difficulty sleeping, and cognitive/emotional complaints while assigned by the Department of State to Guangzhou, China. His physical therapy care is outlined and discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of his care and additional ideas that might benefit future diplomats and government employees who experience dizziness, visual complaints, and balance problems after suspected directed energy exposure. Coordinated multidisciplinary care with benchmarks of function before deployment is advised by the National Academies of Sciences.
Preparedness of Military Public Health for Epidemic and Pandemic Recognition and Response
Authors: Thomas Richard J , Krahl Pamela L , Mallon Timothy M , Gaydos Joel C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Disease epidemics have threatened American military preparedness and operational capabilities since 1775. The ongoing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in 2019, again demonstrates the significant potential for infectious diseases to impact military units and threaten military readiness. We reviewed the historical and continuing threats to the U.S. Military from infectious disease outbreaks, as well as changes in U.S. Military capabilities for conducting meaningful surveillance and response. We concluded that a structured review of military public health and preventive medicine capabilities should be conducted to assess the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the capabilities necessary for infectious disease surveillance and response to future threats.
Continuing to hide signatures of gravitational instability in protoplanetary discs with planets
Authors: Rowther Sahl , Nealon Rebecca , Meru Farzana 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We carry out 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to study the impact of planet–disc interactions on a gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disc. We find that the impact of a planet on the disc’s evolution can be described by three scenarios. If the planet is sufficiently massive, the spiral wakes generated by the planet dominate the evolution of the disc and gravitational instabilities are completely suppressed. If the planet’s mass is too small, then gravitational instabilities are unaffected. If the planet’s mass lies between these extremes, gravitational instabilities are weakened. We present mock Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum observations showing that the observability of large-scale spiral structures is diminished or completely suppressed when the planet is massive enough to influence the disc’s evolution. Our results show that massive discs that would be expected to be gravitationally unstable can appear axisymmetric in the presence of a planet. Thus, the absence of observed large-scale spiral structures alone is not enough to place upper limits on the disc’s mass, which could have implications on observations of young Class I discs with rings and gaps.
On the fate of the secondary white dwarf in double-degenerate double-detonation Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Pakmor R , Callan F P , Collins C E , de Mink S E , Holas A , Kerzendorf W E , Kromer M , Neunteufel P G , O’Brien John T , Röpke F K , Ruiter A J , Seitenzahl I R , Shingles Luke J , Sim S A , Taubenberger S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of Type Ia supernovae are still unknown. Currently favoured progenitors include double-degenerate systems consisting of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with thin helium shells. In the double-detonation scenario, violent accretion leads to a helium detonation on the more massive primary white dwarf that turns into a carbon detonation in its core and explodes it. We investigate the fate of the secondary white dwarf, focusing on changes of the ejecta and observables of the explosion if the secondary explodes as well rather than survives. We simulate a binary system of a $1.05\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and a $0.7\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ carbon-oxygen white dwarf with $0.03\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ helium shells each. We follow the system self-consistently from inspiral to ignition, through the explosion, to synthetic observables. We confirm that the primary white dwarf explodes self-consistently. The helium detonation around the secondary white dwarf, however, fails to ignite a carbon detonation. We restart the simulation igniting the carbon detonation in the secondary white dwarf by hand and compare the ejecta and observables of both explosions. We find that the outer ejecta at $v~\gt ~15\, 000$ km s−1 are indistinguishable. Light curves and spectra are very similar until $\sim ~40 \ \mathrm{d}$ after explosion and the ejecta are much more spherical than violent merger models. The inner ejecta differ significantly slowing down the decline rate of the bolometric light curve after maximum of the model with a secondary explosion by ∼20 per cent. We expect future synthetic 3D nebular spectra to confirm or rule out either model.
Episodic accretion and mergers during growth of massive protostars
Authors: Elbakyan Vardan G , Nayakshin Sergei , Meyer Dominique M-A , Vorobyov Eduard I 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
3D simulations of high mass young stellar object (HMYSO) growth show that their circumstellar discs fragment on to multiple self-gravitating objects. Accretion of these by HMYSO may explain episodic accretion bursts discovered recently. We post-process results of a previous 3D simulation of a HMYSO disc with a 1D code that resolves the disc and object dynamics down to the stellar surface. We find that burst-like deposition of material into the inner disc seen in 3D simulations by itself does not always signify powerful accretion bursts. Only high density post-collapse clumps crossing the inner computational boundary may result in observable bursts. The rich physics of the inner disc has a significant impact on the expected accretion bursts: (1) in the standard turbulent viscosity discs, migrating objects can stall at a migration trap at the distance of a few au from the star. However, in discs powered by magnetized winds, the objects are able to cross the trap and produce bursts akin to those observed so far. (2) Migrating objects may interact with and modify the thermal (hydrogen ionization) instability of the inner disc, which can be responsible for longer duration and lower luminosity bursts in HMYSOs. (3) If the central star is bloated to a fraction of an au by a previous episode of high accretion rate, or if the migrating object is particularly dense, a merger rather than a disc-mediated accretion burst results; (4) Object disruption bursts may be super-Eddington, leading to episodic feedback on HMYSO surroundings via powerful outflows.
Incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with different molecular-targeted drugs: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takabayashi Katsuhiko , Ando Fumihiko , Ikeda Kei , Nakajima Hiroshi , Hanaoka Hideki , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We compared the incidences of four opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with molecular-targeted drugs from big claims data.

Materials and Methods
We identified 205,906 patients with RA who were prescribed molecular-targeted drugs in 2010–17 from the National Database of Japan and calculated the incidence of four OIs (Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster).

Results
The total number of Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster patients with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib treatment history in RA was 765, 1158, 834, and 18,336, respectively. The incidence rates of each OI for all biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were 0.14, 0.14, 0.09, and 2.40 per 100 person-years, respectively, while for tofacitinib they were 0.22, 0.22, 0.07, and 7.00 per 100 person-years. No big difference was observed among biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. All OIs showed higher incidence in those &gt;65 years, but Pneumocystis pneumonia, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and herpes zoster showed no difference between those 65–74 years old and those &gt;75 years old. The median of occurrence was the third, seventh, ninth, and thirteenth month after treatment, respectively.

Conclusions
We counted real incidence rates of OIs for the whole nation from big claims data.
The role of complement in glomerulonephritis—are novel therapies ready for prime time?
Authors: Cheung Chee Kay , Dormer John P , Barratt Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The complement system plays a key pathogenic role in glomerular diseases with a diverse range of aetiologies, including C3 glomerulopathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Several novel therapies targeting complement activity have recently been developed, which have now been approved or are in the late stages of clinical development. In this review, potential benefits and challenges of targeting the complement system in glomerular disease are discussed. We summarize current understanding of the role of complement, and the novel targeted therapies that are being developed for the treatment of glomerular disease.