bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of Ergosterol Biosynthesis as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Hartman P.G. , Sanglard D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The rise in the incidence of fungal infections over the past two to three decades, particularly those caused by opportunistic pathogens in immune-compromised patients, has strengthened the need for new antifungal drugs. Up to only 30 years ago the choice of systemically available antimycotics was between two drugs, amphotericin B and 5-flurocytosine, neither of which was satisfactory. Then a series of inhibitors of the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the major sterol of the fungal cell membrane, were found to
have excellent antifungal activity, improved safety, and some were also active after oral or parenteral application. Starting with miconazole and ketoconazole, and improving through fluconazole and itraconazole, the imidazole and triazole inhibitors of lanosterol Cl4u-demethylation have been the most successful. Other steps in the linear sterol biosynthesis pathway are inhibited by the allylamines naftifine and terbinafine, and the morpholine derivative amorolphine, which have also improved the therapy of superficial mycoses. The discovery, mode of action, current clinical application and future possibilities for these drugs is reviewed. The status and potential of SBI antifungals in development, exclusively azoles, is discussed. Attempts to discover non-azole inhbitors of lanosterol C14u-demethylase are mentioned, as well as current work on other targets in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Particular attention is paid to the oxidsqualene cyclase, which has been extensively studied. The current knowledge about resistance to antifungal agents is reviewed.
Identification of EMT-associated LncRNA Signature for Predicting the
Prognosis of Patients with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Shu Wan , Wang Ziwei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jun , Zhao Rong , Yu Zhicheng , Dong Kejun , Wang Hongbo 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most normal malignancies globally. Growing evidence suggests epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers are closely correlated with poor prognosis of EC. However, the relationship between multiple EMT-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the prognosis of EC has not yet been studied.

Methods:
The transcriptome data and clinical information of EC cases were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), respectively. Then, we identified differentially expressed EMT-associated lncRNAs between tumor and normal tissue. Univariate cox regression analysis and multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis was applied to identify EMT-associated lncRNAs that related to overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), nomograms and multi-index ROC curves were further established to evaluate the performance of the prognostic signature. In addition, we also investigated the distribution of immune cell characteristics, sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemotherapeutics, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) between high- and low-risk score predicated on a prognostic model.

Results:
We established nine EMT-associated lncRNA signature to predict the OS of EC, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the risk score has better values compared with other clinical characteristics, indicating the accuracy of the prognostic signature. As revealed by multivariate Cox regression, the prognosis model independently predicted EC prognosis. Moreover, the signature and the EMT-associated lncRNAs showed significant correlations with other clinical characteristics,including . Multi-index ROC curves for estimating 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) of EC patients showed good predictive accuracy with AUCs of 0.731, 0.791, and 0.782, respectively. The high-risk group had specific tumor immune infiltration, insensitive to ICI, higher chemotherapeutics sensitivity and higher expression of TP53 mutation. Finally, the five lncRNAs of signature was further verified by qRT-PCR.

Conclusion:
We constructed an EMT-associated lncRNA signature that can predict the prognosis of EC effectively, and the prognostic signature also played an essential role in the TME; thus, the establishment of EMT-associated lncRNA signature may provide new perspectives for the treatment of EC.
Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Feizi Hadi , Rezaee Mohammad Ahangarzadeh , Ghotaslou Reza , Sadrkabir Mohammad , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , Gholizadeh Pourya , Taghizadeh Sepehr , Ghanbarov Khudaverdi , Yousefi Mehdi , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract::
Colorectal cancer is a type of gut cancer originating either from the rectum or colon. Genetic
and environmental factors, such as the gut microbiome, play pivotal roles in colorectal cancer
incidence rates. Therefore, we aimed to review the risk factors of CRC comprising gut bacteriomes
and their intra-interactions with each other in the context of CRC development. Gut microbiota alteration,
especially bacteriome alteration as the dominant player, seems to be the common feature
amongst all risk factors. Although it is not quite obvious whether these alterations are the causes or
the consequences of the tumorigenesis risk factors, they are common and almost universal among
CRC-affected individuals. In addition, bacterial genotoxicity, biofilm formation, oxidative stress,
bacterial metabolome, and dysbiosis are assessed in CRC development. The present study suggests
that gut microbial alterations could be the key intermediate, as a cause or a consequence, between
most risk factors of CRC and the way they promote or contribute to CRC development.
COVID-19 and Thrombosis: Clinical Aspects
Authors: Urano Tetsumei , Yasumoto Atsushi , Yokoyama Kenji , Horiuchi Hisanori , Morishita Eriko , Suzuki Yuko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thrombus formation is related to the pathogen-esis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the progression of clinical symptoms. Se-vere damage to vascular endothelial cells and the associated cytokine storm after SARS-CoV-2 in-fection cause thrombogenesis and contribute to the development of more severe and unique throm-boses compared to other infectious diseases. Thromboses occur more often in critically ill patients. In addition to pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis, acute myocardial in-farction, peripheral arterial thrombosis, and aortic thrombosis have also been reported. In PE, thrombi develop in both pulmonary arteries and alveolar capillaries. These, together with intra-alveolar fibrin deposition, interfere with effective gaseous exchange in the lungs and exacerbate the clinical symptoms of ARDS in patients with COVID-19. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is recommended for all hospitalized patients to prevent both thrombosis and aggravation of ARDS, and other organ failures. Although the pediatric population is mostly asymptomatic or develops mild disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection, a new inflammatory disorder affecting the cardiovascular system, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), has been reported. Similar to Kawasaki disease, acute myocarditis, coronary vasculitis, and aneurysms are typically seen in MIS-C, although these two are now considered distinct entities. A similar acute myocarditis is also ob-served in young male adults, in which a hyperinflammatory state after SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be involved. Several side effects following vaccination against COVID-19 have been re-ported, including vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and acute myocarditis. Although these could be serious and life-threatening, the cases are very rare, thus, the benefits of immunization still outweigh the risks.
Prediction of Rhizoma Drynariae Targets in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis
of the Femoral Head based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental
Verification
Authors: Zhang Yong , Weng Qiuyan , Hu Tongzhou , Shen Xiaohan , Han Jinming 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Rhizoma drynariae, a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, has
long been used for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but its potential targets
and molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the mechanism of Rhizoma drynariae in ONFH treatment via
network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.

Methods:
Targets of Rhizoma drynariae and ONFH were predicted using relevant databases, and intersection
analysis was conducted to screen for shared targets. A PPI network of the shared targets was
built using STRING to identify the key targets. Functional enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology and
KEGG pathway data were carried out using R software. The compound-target-pathway network was
constructed for Rhizoma Drynariae in the treatment with ONFH using Cytoscape 3.9.0. Cell proliferation
was assessed using CCK8 and apoptosis was detected using (Propidium Iodide) PI staining and
western blotting.

Results:
This study depicts the interrelationship of the bioactive compounds of Rhizoma drynariae with
ONFH-associated signaling pathways and target receptors and is a potential reagent for ONFH treatment.

Conclusion:
Based on a network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiment, we predicted and validated
the active compounds and potential targets of Rhizoma drynariae, provide valuable evidence of
Rhizoma Drynariae in future ONFH treatment.
Internet of Things- Implementation in Healthcare with Telemedicine &
Robotic
Authors: Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Smart healthcare is a healthcare delivery method that utilizes wearable devices, the internet
of things, and the mobile internet to dynamically access information, connect people, materials, and
institutions in the healthcare industry, and then intelligently monitor and respond to the medical ecosystem
requirements. The concept of smart healthcare has progressively gained traction as information
technology advances like Telemedicine and Robotics. The purpose of the internet of things (IoT) is to
connect many effects and items present in the surroundings so they may communicate and work together
"anytime, anywhere, with anything and anyone, flawlessly using any path or network and any
service."Smart healthcare employs a new generation of information technologies, such as the IoT, big
data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, to completely revolutionize the existing medical system,
making it more efficient, easy, and personalized. Thereby, to introduce the concept of “smart
healthcare”, foremost, we identify the essential technologies that support it and discuss the current
state of smart healthcare in a few key areas.
Nigella sativa, a Jack of All Trades Plant in Medicine: Pharmacological
Aspects in Diseases Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Akhzari Morteza , Mohammadi Shiva , Jalili Sajad , Barazesh Mahdi , Noorizadeh Karim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) is one of the most widely used traditional therapeutic
plants. It possesses important classes of bioactive compounds, among which thymoquinone, as the
major bioactive component of the essential oil, has attracted noteworthy attention due to its active role
in treating various disorders. N. sativa can induce a wide range of pharmacological functions, including
anti-oxidative stress responses, antidiabetic, anticancer, cell apoptosis, increased membrane permeability,
immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilatory,
hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, and antioxidant properties. The seeds of N.
sativa, commonly known as black seed or black cumin, show many potential pharmacological roles
and are utilized in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a various
range of diseases and conditions, including asthma, cancers, inflammatory situations, type 2 diabetes
mellitus disorders, bacterial and viral infections, and dyslipidemia. This review outlines the main
pharmacological properties of N. sativa and its components due to their potential wide applications for
a large variety of human diseases. The seeds constitute fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and
saponin. Much of the biological function of the seeds has been demonstrated to be due to thymoquinone.
Beneficial influences of the seeds application and thymoquinone might be contributed to their
cytoprotective and antioxidant functions and their effect on immune response and some inflammatory
mediators.
Distinct MicroRNAs Identified in Rabbit Blood Arising from Induced
Diabetes and a Surgically Simulated Diabetic Ischemia Complication
Authors: Kotwal Girish J. , Waigel Sabine , Chariker Julia , Rouchka Eric , Chien Sufan 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Diabetic complications have been studied extensively in recent years.
There are very few biomarkers in body fluids that can pinpoint a distinct diabetic complication due
to insufficient known specific biomarkers for ischemia.

Objective:
Identifying microRNA in animal models for each complication could enable early diagnosis
of a given complication if verified in humans. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling has been done
in rodent models for a number of diabetic complications, like diabetic glomerular injury, atherosclerosis,
cognitive impairment, diabetic wound healing, angiopathy and other complications. Due to
multiple differences between rodents and humans, the changes in rabbit skin, considered closer to
humans than even pigs, may better simulate human diabetic complications of ischemia.

Methods:
To study the miRNA profile of rabbits in which diabetes was induced or ischemia was
surgically generated, we studied whether diabetes or ischemia-induced specific miRNA could be
detected. MicroRNA from the blood of diabetic rabbits and rabbits with local ischemia was collected
in PAXgene Blood RNA tubes specifically designed for miRNA isolation and extracted using the
PAX gene miRNA extraction kit. The isolated RNA was quality controlled using an RNA analyzer,
and further, using RNA seq technology, it was analyzed for distinct miRNAs that were detected in
diabetic and non-diabetic rabbits induced with ischemia.

Results:
A miRNA that was found to be expressed in diabetic rabbits and ischemic rabbits but not
in untreated rabbits was miRNA-183. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed across comparison
groups, and several upregulated miRNAs were identified being unique to each comparison.
In rabbits with a potential diabetic complication of a long-term ischemic model, there was one distinct
microRNA, which was highly significantly upregulated in ischemia rabbit (miRNA-133-3p).
One miRNA that was highly significantly upregulated in diabetic rabbit but not in ischemic rabbits
was miRNA-3074-5p. Only statistically significant results have been considered and analyzed.

Conclusion:
These findings could lead to a precise and timely diagnosis of a potential single diabetic
complication without invasive tissue biopsies and could be a novel tool in the management of diabetic
patients developing complications due to the progression of diabetes.
An Insight View on the Role of Herbal Medicines in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gautam Rupesh K. , Parashar Smriti , Goyal Rajat , Sharma Sanjay , Gupta Sumeet , Mittal Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:Nature always has enough spirit and resilience to transform our limited vision. Herbal medicines include products prepared from natural herbs which are employed to treat several diseases. In India, about 80% of drugs are of herbal origin. Nowadays, people are much more aware of the various side effects of synthetic drugs, which have molded their interest in herbal products and herbal remedies. In history, various infectious diseases or pandemic conditions have been treated or controlled with herbal medicines. Many herbal plants like Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae), Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae), and Vinca rosea/Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) have been reported to be of high medicinal values and preferred in the development of many newer drugs. The active component from plant extract is isolated, standardized, and undergoes safety trials for validation. Novel drug development from herbs is the amalgamation of practices of native systems of medicine and quite a lot of therapeutic experience of earlier generations. It is also believed that most herbal contents are safe, cheap, and easily available. Herbal drugs are useful in various diseased and pathogenic conditions like tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, AIDS, jaundice, skin diseases, etc. Many countries with ancient cultures like India, Egypt, and America still use various herbal-based medications. Research for future herbal product development is increasing worldwide. Therefore, taking into consideration future perceptions of herbal remedies, this review deals with the present status and future exploration in the development of herbal drugs as modern beneficial agents for treating various infectious diseases and related pharmacological problems.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Sharad , Yadav Ashwani Kumar , Kumar Raj , Yadav Vaishali 
Published: October 2022

Background:Spectrum is the backbone for wireless communications including internet services. Now days, the business of industries providing wired communication is constant while the business of industries dealing with wireless communications is growing very fast. There is large demand of radio spectrum for new wireless multimedia services. Although the present fixed spectrum allotment schemes do not cause any interference between users, but this fixed scheme of spectrum allocation do not allow accommodating the spectrum required for new wireless services. Cognitive radio (CR) relies on spectrum sensing to discover available frequency bands so that the spectrum can be used to its full potential, thus avoiding interference to the primary users (PU).Objectives:The purpose of this work is to present an in-depth overview of traditional as well as advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks.Method:Using the principles of artificial intelligence (AI), systems are able to solve issues by mimicking the function of human brains. Moreover, since its inception, machine learning has demonstrated that it is capable of solving a wide range of computational issues. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning (ML) have made it an emergent technology in spectrum sensing.Result:The result shows that more than 80% papers are on traditional spectrum sensing while less than 20% deals with artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches. More than 75% papers address the limitation of local spectrum sensing. The study presents the various methods implemented in the spectrum sensing along with merits and challenges.Conclusion:Spectrum sensing techniques are hampered by a variety of issues, including fading, shadowing, and receiver unpredictability. Challenges, benefits, drawbacks, and scope of cooperative sensing are examined and summarized. With this survey article, academics may clearly know the numerous conventional artificial intelligence and machine learning methodologies used and can connect sharp audiences to contemporary research done in cognitive radio networks, which is now underway.
Formation of Calcium Phosphate Apatite in System CaO-P2O5-H2O:
Equilibrium at 298 K Under a Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Chaikina Marina V. , Bulina Natalia V. 
Published: October 2022

Aims:
The formation of calcium phosphate apatite (hydroxyapatite, carbonate-containing
hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and carbonate-containing fluorapatite) in aqueous systems has been studied
for over a century.

Background:
However, in the region of low concentrations of liquid phases, the question of the nature,
composition and region of existence of apatite compounds remains controversial.

Objective:
The results of studying the phase equilibrium in the system CaO-P2O5-H2O at 298 K in the
isotherm region from the invariant point of dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate
to the lowest concentrations of the liquid phase components are presented.

Method:
Chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy and optical microscopy were used for
the analysis.

Result:
Long-term monitoring of the establishment of equilibrium (up to 20 months) resulted in the determination
of regions of stable solid phases of calcium orthophosphates, calcium-deficient apatites, hydroxyapatite,
and apatite with (Ca/P)at >1.67. Two types of calcium-deficient apatite were identified that
differ in the (Ca/P)at ratio: the first type is 1.33 < (Ca/P)at ≤ 1.5; the second one is 1.5 ≤ (Ca/P)at < 1.67.

Conclusion:
The invariant points of calcium orthophosphates and compounds with the apatite structure
were determined. The diagram was constructed using the Miller-Kenrick method based on obtained
experimental data, which confirms the established regions and invariant points of stable equilibrium
solid phases of the studied ternary system. The data obtained can be useful for understanding the processes
of formation and change of compounds with apatite structure.
In Situ Hydrogels for Effective Treatment of Cancer: Strategies and
Polymers Used
Authors: Mehra Anshula , Tharmatt Abhay , Saini Navdeep , Singh Gurdeep , Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Gurpreet , Bedi Neena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a worldwide health ailment with no known boundaries in terms of mortality and
occurrence rates, thus is one of the biggest threats to humankind. Hence, there is an absolute need to
develop novel therapeutics to bridge the infirmities associated with chemotherapy and conventional
surgical methodologies, including impairment of normal tissue, compromised drug efficiency and an
escalation in side effects. In lieu of this, there has been a surge in curiosity towards the development of
injectable hydrogels for cancer therapy because local administration of the active pharmaceutical
agent offers encouraging advantages such as providing a higher effective dose at the target site, a
prolonged retention time of drug, ease of administration, mitigation of dose in vivo, and improved
patient compliance. Furthermore, due to their biocompatible nature, such systems can significantly
reduce the side effects that occur on long-term exposure to chemotherapy. The present review details
the most recent advancements in the in-situ gel forming polymers (natural and synthetic), polymeric
cross-linking methodologies and in-situ gelling mechanisms, focusing on their clinical benefits in
cancer therapy.