bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for the early prediction of infants with electrographic seizures in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Pavel Andreea M. , O'Toole John M. , Proietti Jacopo , Livingstone Vicki , Mitra Subhabrata , Marnane William P. , Finder Mikael , Dempsey Eugene M. , Murray Deirdre M. , Boylan Geraldine B. ,   ANSeR Consortium
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess if early clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) features predict later seizure development in infants with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodsClinical and EEG parameters <12 h of birth from infants with HIE across eight European Neonatal Units were used to develop seizure‐prediction models. Clinical parameters included intrapartum complications, fetal distress, gestational age, delivery mode, gender, birth weight, Apgar scores, assisted ventilation, cord pH, and blood gases. The earliest EEG hour provided a qualitative analysis (discontinuity, amplitude, asymmetry/asynchrony, sleep–wake cycle [SWC]) and a quantitative analysis (power, discontinuity, spectral distribution, inter‐hemispheric connectivity) from full montage and two‐channel amplitude‐integrated EEG (aEEG). Subgroup analysis, only including infants without anti‐seizure medication (ASM) prior to EEG was also performed. Machine‐learning (ML) models (random forest and gradient boosting algorithms) were developed to predict infants who would later develop seizures and assessed using Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe study included 162 infants with HIE (53 had seizures). Low Apgar, need for ventilation, high lactate, low base excess, absent SWC, low EEG power, and increased EEG discontinuity were associated with seizures. The following predictive models were developed: clinical (MCC 0.368, AUC 0.681), qualitative EEG (MCC 0.467, AUC 0.729), quantitative EEG (MCC 0.473, AUC 0.730), clinical and qualitative EEG (MCC 0.470, AUC 0.721), and clinical and quantitative EEG (MCC 0.513, AUC 0.746). The clinical and qualitative‐EEG model significantly outperformed the clinical model alone (MCC 0.470 vs 0.368, p‐value .037). The clinical and quantitative‐EEG model significantly outperformed the clinical model (MCC 0.513 vs 0.368, p‐value .012). The clinical and quantitative‐EEG model for infants without ASM (n = 131) had MCC 0.588, AUC 0.832. Performance for quantitative aEEG (n = 159) was MCC 0.381, AUC 0.696 and clinical and quantitative aEEG was MCC 0.384, AUC 0.720.SignificanceEarly EEG background analysis combined with readily available clinical data helped predict infants who were at highest risk of seizures, hours before they occur. Automated quantitative‐EEG analysis was as good as expert analysis for predicting seizures, supporting the use of automated assessment tools for early evaluation of HIE.
Principles of EU criminalisation and their varied normative strength: Harm and effectiveness
Authors: Peršak Nina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing legislative activity of the Union in the field of criminal law highlights the need for a normative justification of EU action in this area. The article first examines and compares the existing EU legislative grounds for criminalisation, coupled with EU criminal policy orientations, with the well‐established criminalisation grounds recognised in criminalisation theory in order to distil what the underlying substantive criminalisation principles behind EU criminal law may be. This article then scrutinises ‘effectiveness’ as the potential normative principle of EU criminalisation. It is submitted that, within EU criminal law and policy, effectiveness has become a sort of ‘hybrid criminalisation principle’, joining pragmatic with seemingly normative criminalisation‐legitimising considerations. However, the article argues that effectiveness should remain primarily conceptualised as a pragmatic criminalisation consideration, not as a normative substantive criminalisation principle that acts as the first and most important criminalisation criterion determining the content of what may be criminalised.
Political colonization of a regulatory organization in a developing country: Implications for public accountability and organizational reform
Authors: Masum Mahmud Al , Parker Lee D. , Yapa Prem W. Senarath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate how politically based trade union power can determine the fate of a regulatory body's organizational reform and undermine public accountability in a purportedly democratic developing country (DC). A large regulatory organization in Bangladesh was examined as a case study to uncover how political actors and power were embedded in a World Bank (WB)‐led organizational reform designed to contribute to public accountability and democracy. Interviews and media (newspaper) were utilized to identify the contestation of powers at macro‐ and micro‐levels. The explanation of reform implementation was informed by New Institutional Theory and its derived concept of institutional logics. Finding that political recruitment of the organization's senior executives made it susceptible to the pressures of political agents, the study reveals how politically supported union actions interrupted a WB‐led organizational reform that was seeking to secure democracy and public accountability. It finds that the pre‐existing institutional arrangements resurfaced over time as the political agents secured more power to restore past practices that adversely impacted public accountability. The lack (absence) of accountability in a so‐called democratic regime facilitated political interference with the regulatory governance and reforms that undermined organizational accountability to external stakeholders. The case‐study organization's institutional environment, agents, and interests were unique situational conditioners that nonetheless may be relevant to other similar public accountability organizations in DCs. The findings of the paper have important implications for policymakers who design, implement, and evaluate public accountability reforms in DCs.
Stakeholder outcome prioritization in the Biologic Abatement and Capturing Kids' Outcomes and Flare Frequency in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (BACK‐OFF JSpA) trial
Authors: Neu Emily , Sears Cora , Brandon Timothy , Kohlheim Melanie , Leal Jenny , Archie Kweli , Holland English , Holland Miles , Hameed Aamena , Khan Asad , Murphy Lynn , Murphy Sean , Neu Antoinette , Neu Jerome , Neu Justin , Richmond Rachel , Suplee Dylan , Suplee Theresa , Forrest Christopher B. , Weiss Pamela F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Biologic Abatement and Capturing Kids’ Outcomes and Flare Frequency in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (BACK‐OFF JSpA) study is a randomized, pragmatic trial investigating different tumour necrosis factor inhibitor de‐escalation strategies for children with sustained inactive disease. In this project, we elicited concept rankings that aided in the selection of the patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures that should be examined as part of the BACK‐OFF JSpA trial.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment to evaluate individuals' preferences regarding PROs. Stakeholders assessed a discrete list of 21 outcome concepts, each of which had a Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measure associated with it. PROMIS measures are self‐ or proxy‐reported instruments that are universally applicable to the general population and all chronic conditions. Stakeholders were required to make choices instead of expressing the strength of a preference.ResultsFourteen caregivers, 12 patients (9–22 years old), 16 rheumatologists and three executives from health insurance companies completed the exercise, which took approximately 10 min. The discrete choice experiment resulted in an estimate of the relative importance of each outcome and rank. All stakeholder groups agreed that the primary PRO should be ‘Pain Interference’, a measure that evaluates the effect of pain on a child's everyday activities, including its impact on social, emotional, mental and physical functioning. Patients and caregivers were mostly aligned in their top priorities, with patients valuing physical health (50% of the top 10) whereas caregivers were more interested in mental health (60% of the top 10). Rheumatologists and health insurance executives were most interested in physical health outcomes, which were ranked 80% and 60% of their top 10 PROs, respectively. Overall, the patients had the most diverse set of prioritized outcomes, including at least one of each category in their top 10 rank order of importance. Patients were also the only stakeholders to prioritize ‘social’ health.ConclusionsPatients and caregivers were mostly aligned in their outcome priority rankings. The rank‐order list directly informed the creation of a profile of PRO measures for our upcoming trial.Patient or Public ContributionStakeholder partners helped with acquisition of data and lead parent partners helped interpret data.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C in activating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 and chemokine receptor‐4 in melanoma adhesion
Authors: Hlophe Yvette N. , Joubert Anna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) binds to receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3) expressed on lymphatic endothelial and melanoma cells. Binding of VEGF‐C to VEGFR‐3 enhances receptor phosphorylation that activates mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAP‐K) and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K). These signalling pathways regulate cell migration and adhesion in response to internal or external changes.In addition, the overexpression of VEGF‐C upregulates chemokine receptor CXCR‐4 in tumours (melanoma). CXCR‐4 is expressed on cells of the immune system (natural killer cells) and facilitates the migration of leukocytes in response to the CXCL12 ligand. The latter is expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells and by stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). The gradient established between CXCR‐4 expressed on tumour cells and CXCL12 produced by stromal and lymphatic endothelial cells enhances tumour cell metastasis.3‐(4‐Dimethylamino‐naphthalen‐1‐ylmethylene)‐1, 3‐dihydroindol‐2‐one, MAZ‐51, is an indolinone‐based synthetic molecule that inhibits the phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR‐3. CTCE‐9908, a CXCR‐4 antagonist derived from human CXCL12, hinders receptor phosphorylation and the subsequent signalling pathways that would be activated.VEGF‐C is stimulated by transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), which facilitates cell–cell and cell‐matrix adhesion by regulating cadherins through the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mediates paxillin upregulation.Increased VEGF‐C protein levels stimulated by TGF‐β bound to VEGFR‐3 impact on intracellular pathways that promote tumour cell adhesion. In addition, increased VEGF‐C protein levels lead to enhanced CXCR‐4 protein expression. Therefore, effective blocking of VEGR‐3 and CXCR‐4 may inhibit tumour cell metastasis by hampering intracellular proteins promoting adhesion.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for anastomotic lesions after colorectal surgery
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Zu‐Qiang , Liu Jing‐Zheng , Ma Li‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Qing , Yao Lu , Li Quan‐Lin , Zhou Ping‐Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for anastomotic lesions is technically challenging. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic characteristics, feasibility, and effectiveness of ESD for anastomotic lesions of the lower gastrointestinal tract.MethodWe retrospectively investigated 55 patients with anastomotic lesions of the lower gastrointestinal tract who underwent ESD from February 2008 to January 2021. The lesions involving one or both sides of anastomoses were classified into the unilaterally involving anastomosis (UIA) or straddling anastomosis (SA) group, respectively. We collected clinicopathological characteristics, procedure‐related parameters and outcomes, and follow‐up data and analyzed the impact of anastomotic involvement.ResultsThe mean age was 62.5 years, and the median procedure duration was 30 min. The rates of en bloc resection and R0 resection were 90.9% and 85.5%, respectively. Four patients (7.3%) experienced major adverse events (AEs). During a median follow‐up of 66 months (range 14–169), seven patients had local recurrence, and six patients had metastases. The 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival rates were 82.4% and 90.7%, respectively. The 5‐year disease ‐specific survival (DSS) rate was 93.3%. Compared with the UIA group, the SA group had significantly longer procedure duration, larger specimen, lower rates of en bloc resection and R0 resection, and shorter disease‐free survival (all P < 0.05). However, rates of AEs did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsThe short‐term and long‐term outcomes of ESD for colorectal anastomotic lesions were favorable. Although with technically challenging, ESD could be performed safely and effectively for lesions at the anastomoses.
Methods to expose subsurface objects of interest identified from 3D imaging: The intermediate sample preparation stage in the correlative microscopy workflow
Authors: Mitchell R. L. , Dunlop T. , Volkenandt T. , Russell J. , Davies P. , Spooner S. , Pleydell‐Pearce C. , Johnston R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe correlative imaging workflow is a method of combining information and data across modes (e.g. SEM, X‐ray CT, FIB‐SEM), scales (cm to nm) and dimensions (2D–3D–4D), providing a more holistic interpretation of the research question. Often, subsurface objects of interest (e.g. inclusions, pores, cracks, defects in multilayered samples) are identified from initial exploratory nondestructive 3D tomographic imaging (e.g. X‐ray CT, XRM), and those objects need to be studied using additional techniques to obtain, for example, 2D chemical or crystallographic data. Consequently, an intermediate sample preparation step needs to be completed, where a targeted amount of sample surface material is removed, exposing and revealing the object of interest. At present, there is not one singular technique for removing varied thicknesses at high resolution and on a range of scales from cm to nm. Here, we review the manual and automated options currently available for targeted sample material removal, with a focus on those methods which are readily accessible in most laboratories. We summarise the approaches for manual grinding and polishing, automated grinding and polishing, microtome/ultramicrotome, and broad‐beam ion milling (BBIM), with further review of other more specialist techniques including serial block face electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM), and ion milling and laser approaches such as FIB‐SEM, Xe plasma FIB‐SEM, and femtosecond laser/LaserFIB. We also address factors which may influence the decision on a particular technique, including the composition, shape and size of the samples, sample mounting limitations, the amount of surface material to be removed, the accuracy and/or resolution of peripheral parts, the accuracy and/or resolution of the technique/instrumentation, and other more general factors such as accessibility to instrumentation, costs, and the time taken for experimentation. It is hoped that this study will provide researchers with a range of options for removal of specific amounts of sample surface material to reach subsurface objects of interest in both correlative and non‐correlative workflows.
Deep empirical risk minimization in finance: Looking into the future
Authors: Reppen Anders Max , Soner Halil Mete 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany modern computational approaches to classical problems in quantitative finance are formulated as empirical loss minimization (ERM), allowing direct applications of classical results from statistical machine learning. These methods, designed to directly construct the optimal feedback representation of hedging or investment decisions, are analyzed in this framework demonstrating their effectiveness as well as their susceptibility to generalization error. Use of classical techniques shows that over‐training renders trained investment decisions to become anticipative, and proves overlearning for large hypothesis spaces. On the other hand, nonasymptotic estimates based on Rademacher complexity show the convergence for sufficiently large training sets. These results emphasize the importance of synthetic data generation and the appropriate calibration of complex models to market data. A numerically studied stylized example illustrates these possibilities, including the importance of problem dimension in the degree of overlearning, and the effectiveness of this approach.
Clinical Application of the Roussouly Classification in the Sagittal Balance Reconstruction of 101 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients
Authors: Li Junyu , Zhang Yueyang , Zhang Yiqiao , Li Xinyi , Yang Zexi , Hu Panpan , Li Weishi , Zeng Yan , Wang Yongqiang , Sun Zhuoran , Zhou Siyu , Yu Miao 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAlthough Roussouly classification has been widely used in spinal surgery, it was mainly applied to degenerative scoliosis patients and correlational studies concerning adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are still insufficient. This retrospective study explored the clinical application of Roussouly classification in surgeries and prognosis prediction for AIS.MethodsThis clinical research selected 101 AIS patients who received surgeries between August 2005 and November 2019. Whole spine standing radiographs were obtained for each patient preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up (>24 months). All patients were classified into “theoretical types” and “current types.” Patients were further divided into mismatch or match groups based on the consistency of their current type and theoretical type. The main parameters include: proximal junctional angle (PJA), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), fixed thoracic kyphosis (TK), global TK, fixed lumbar lordosis (LL), global LL, thoracic tilt, proximal thoracic alignment (PTA), lumbar tilt, spino‐sacral angle (SSA), and spinal tilt (ST).ResultsA total of 47.5% of AIS patients were subject to a preoperative mismatch of Roussouly classification. There was a significant difference in PI‐LL between the preoperative mismatch and match groups (p = 0.008). There was a significant difference in the rate of PI‐LL deformity between the match and mismatch groups with a preoperative mismatch (p = 0.037). A significant difference in thoracic tilt was observed between the postoperative mismatch and match groups (p = 0.019). The preoperative mismatch group has a higher risk of postoperative PI‐LL malformation than match group (OR = 2.303, 95% CI: 1.026, 5.165). When mismatch occurred postoperatively, there were significant differences between groups in the rate of pelvic deformity (p = 0.002) and PI‐LL deformity (p = 0.025) at the last follow‐up. Compared with the postoperative match group, mismatch group had an increased risk of pelvic deformity (OR = 5.029, 95% CI: 1.618, 15.629) and PJK deformity (OR = 3.017, 95% CI: 1.709, 11.375) at the last follow‐up. Short Form‐36 and Scoliosis Research Society 22 score of the match group was significantly higher than that of the mismatch group at the last follow‐up.ConclusionThe Roussouly classification mismatch before or after operation leads to increased risks of PI‐LL deformity and pelvis deformity postoperatively or at the follow‐up, which seriously worsens the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients. Therefore, recovering to the theoretical type in Roussouly classification may effectively improve patients' prognosis.
Ethylene‐mediated regulation of coleoptile elongation in rice seedlings
Authors: Yin Cui‐Cui , Huang Yi‐Hua , Zhang Xun , Zhou Yang , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRice is an important food crop in the world and the study of its growth and plasticity has a profound influence on sustainable development. Ethylene modulates multiple agronomic traits of rice as well as abiotic and biotic stresses during its lifecycle. It has diverse roles, depending on the organs, developmental stages and environmental conditions. Compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice ethylene signalling pathway has its own unique features due to its special semiaquatic living environment and distinct plant structure. Ethylene signalling and responses are part of an intricate network in crosstalk with internal and external factors. This review will summarize the current progress in the mechanisms of ethylene‐regulated coleoptile growth in rice, with a special focus on ethylene signaling and interaction with other hormones. Insights into these molecular mechanisms may shed light on ethylene biology and should be beneficial for the genetic improvement of rice and other crops.
Challenges and future scope of exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Ranjan Prabhat , Colin Karen , Dutta Roshan Kumar , Verma Suresh Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry biologically diverse molecules for intercellular communication. Researchers have been trying to engineer exosomes for therapeutic purposes by using different approaches to deliver biologically active molecules to the various target cells efficiently. Recent technological advances may allow the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes to be modified to meet scientific needs with respect to specific diseases. However, it is essential to determine an exosome's optimal dosage and potential side effects before its clinical use. Significant breakthroughs have been made in recent decades concerning exosome labelling and imaging techniques. These tools provide in situ monitoring of exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and pinpoint targetability. However, because exosomes are nanometres in size and vary significantly in contents, a deeper understanding is required to ensure accurate monitoring before they can be applied in clinical settings. Different research groups have established different approaches to elucidate the roles of exosomes and visualize their spatial properties. This review covers current and emerging strategies for in vivo and in vitro exosome imaging and tracking for potential studies.
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