bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fließbandfertigung von Atmungskettenkomplexen in Mitochondrien
Authors: Aufschnaiter Andreas , Ott Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA key function of mitochondria consists of energy conversion, performed with the help of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthase. Biogenesis of these essential molecular machines requires expression of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded genes. We describe our current understanding how these processes are coordinated and how they are organized in specific areas of the inner membrane to facilitate the assembly of these sophisticated complexes.
Health Risk of Infants Exposed to Lead and Mercury Through Breastfeeding
Authors: Lin Yung-Chieh , Chang Wei-Hsiang , Li Tsun-Ching , Iwata Osuke , Chen Hsiu-Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDonor milk from the human milk bank is important for vulnerable infants without their mothers’ own milk. Longitudinal changes in toxic metals in donor milk has not been reported. This study aimed to assess the effect of donors’ demographic characteristics, life habits and dietary habits on the concentration of metals in breastmilk donated to a human milk bank and to assess the health risk of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) exposure of donor mothers’ offspring through breastfeeding and the vulnerable recipients. A total of 228 samples, which were longitudinally donated to the human milk bank by 39 donors, were selected specifically to assess the levels of Pb, Hg, and MeHg. Donors’ offspring were also enrolled as mother-infant-dyads to monthly obtain the milk consumption and body weight. The results showed significant differences in the infant risk in exclusive breastfeeding months. The average Pb level of breast milk was 6.49 ± 5.23 µg/L (mean ± standard deviation), and the Hg level was 0.76 ± 0.98 µg/L. The sources of these toxins—residential districts, cleaning products, cosmetics, drinking water, viscera, eggs, seafood, and canned food—have a significant influence on the concentration of toxic metals in human milk. This study showed an unacceptable non-cancerous health risk (95th percentile hazard index, HI = 1.37 > 1) for Pb and Hg. In the future, the breast milk offered by the bank should be strictly monitored, especial for Pb, to ensure high-quality donor milk for vulnerable recipients but also donor mothers’ offspring who depend on it.
Graphical Abstract
Legacy of wood charcoal production on subalpine forest structure and species composition
Authors: Garbarino Matteo , Morresi Donato , Meloni Fabio , Anselmetto Nicolò , Ruffinatto Flavio , Bocca Massimo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand-use legacy on forest dynamics at both stand and landscape scale can last for centuries, affecting forest structure and species composition. We aimed to disentangle the history of the charcoal production legacies that historically shaped Mont Avic Natural Park (Aosta Valley, Italy) forests by integrating LiDAR, GIS, anthracological, and field data at the landscape scale. We adopted different geostatistical tools to relate geographic layers from various data sources. The overexploitation due to intensive charcoal production to fuel mining activities shaped the current forests by homogenising their structure and species composition into dense and young stands with a reduction in late seral species such as Norway spruce (Picea abies) and an increase in pioneer species such as Mountain pine (Pinus uncinata). The multidisciplinary and multi-scale framework adopted in this study stresses the role of historical landscape ecology in evaluating ecosystem resilience to past anthropogenic disturbances.
Evaluation of the residual carrying capacity of a large-scale model bridge through frequency shifts
Authors: Tarozzi Mirco , Pignagnoli Giacomo , Benedetti Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStructural systems are often subjected to degradation processes due to different kinds of phenomena like unexpected loadings, ageing of the materials, and fatigue cycles. This is true, especially for bridges, in which their safety evaluation is crucial for planning maintenance activities. This paper discusses the experimental evaluation of the residual carrying capacity from frequency changes due to distributed damage scenarios. For this purpose, in the laboratory of the University of Bologna, an experimental reinforced concrete model bridge was built and loaded. The applied forces produced bending moments causing up to three increasing levels of damage severity, namely early and diffused concrete cracking, and finally rebar yielding. By processing the acceleration signals recorded during the dynamic tests on the model bridge, the main natural frequencies of the bridge were obtained and the remaining bearing capacity was estimated based on the damage state. The opening and closure of cracks during a dynamic excitation produced a biased estimation of natural frequencies related to each damaged condition. The frequency decay predicted by the theory of breathing cracks applied to the performed experiments properly estimated the losses in the carrying capacity.
A Parent-Mediated Intervention for Newborns at Familial Likelihood of Autism: Initial Feasibility Study in the General Population
Authors: Cleary Dominique B. , Bunney Angela , Henry Lindy , Renton Michelle , Granich Joanna , Green Jonathan , Maybery Murray T. , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Developmental theory and previous studies support the potential value of prodromal interventions for infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism. Past research has supported the efficacy of parent-mediated prodromal therapies with infants from as early as 7 months. We outline the rationale for implementing interventions following this model from even earlier in development and report on the feasibility of a novel intervention developed following this model of parent-mediated infant interventions.

Methods
We report a feasibility study (n = 13) of a parent-mediated, video-aided intervention, beginning during pregnancy, focussed on parent-infant interactions. The study evaluated the feasibility of this intervention initially with a general population sample. Feasibility was assessed across four domains (acceptability, implementation, practicality and integration) using self-report questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with parents and therapists, attendance and assessment completion.

Results
Feasibility assessment shows that the intervention was acceptable, with all participants reporting that they had benefited from the program, with perceived positive benefits to their understanding of and communication with their infant, and that they had integrated program teachings into everyday life. The intervention was implemented as planned with 100% attendance for the core sessions. Changes to minimise the number of antenatal sessions was suggested to improve practicality.

Conclusions
This study found initial feasibility for this intervention in a general population sample. This suggests parent-mediated video feedback interventions are a promising format to be implemented within the perinatal developmental time period.
Sex Clubs in the UK: Recreational Sex, Erotic Diversity and Geographies of Desire
Authors: Haywood Chris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent research has suggested that sex, sexual practices and sexual identities are increasingly being folded into people’s leisure and recreational activities. One area that has witnessed growing popularity has been sex clubs that market themselves as places that enable heterosexual casual, anonymous sexual encounters. Traditionally called swingers’ clubs, these are not strip clubs, lap dancing clubs or brothels, we have very little information about sex clubs or the people who visit them. In response, this article defines what sex clubs are, their geographical locations, and their facilities. Alongside this, through the data scraping of 6837 profiles of people who have visited clubs and left online reviews of the clubs that they have visited, this research provides the most extensive dataset available on the gender, age, relationship status and sexual preferences of sex club patrons. The findings from the study suggest that sex clubs are an emerging space for leisure sex that prioritises erotic practices that stand outside heteronormative norms and values. Whilst clubs have been traditionally associated with swinger communities, the findings in this article also suggest that sex clubs appeal to people with diverse sexual preferences. Alongside this, it highlights the potential ways in which sex clubs may be part of a broader spatialization of leisure sex. The article concludes by suggesting that in a post-Covid context, sex clubs will have increasing importance as places of leisure sex.
Photoactivation of peroxymonosulfate by wood pulp cellulose biochar/g-C3N4 composite for diclofenac degradation: the radical and nonradical pathways
Authors: Han Yu , Gan Lu , Gong Han , Han Jiangang , Qiao Weichuan , Xu Lijie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal-free photocatalysts have attracted growing concern recently. Herein, the composites combining g-C3N4 with wood pulp cellulose biochar (WPBC/g-C3N4) were synthesized to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF). The incorporation of WPBC endowed g-C3N4 with enhanced visible light absorption, improved charge separation capability, reduced electrical conductivity, and increased photocatalytic and PMS activation capability. Based on quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electrochemical analysis and solvent exchange experiments, both radical and nonradical mechanisms were proposed. Radical species including ·OH, h+, ·O2– were identified to contribute to DCF degradation. The 1O2 and electron transfer were the dominant nonradical pathways for DCF degradation. Moreover, the common influencing factors were examined, and DCF concentration was the most influential factor based on principal component analysis. Generally, the composites exhibited good reusability during consecutive runs. Based on HPLC/MS analysis, four intermediates were detected and the possible DCF degradation pathway was proposed. This work provided a potential strategy based on metal-free WPBC/g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic activation of PMS to effectively degrade emerging contaminants in wastewater.
Graphical abstract
Unraveling natural aging-induced properties change of sludge-derived hydrochar and enhanced cadmium sorption site heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Shang Cenyao , Xie Huifang , Sun Haijun , Zhang Qiang , Xue Lihong , Tack Filip M. G. , Hou Deyi , Feng Yanfang , Rinklebe Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrochar has potential applications in soil improvement and heavy metal remediation. Hydrochar would undergo the process of aging when introduced into the soil, altering its properties. However, recent studies have focused mainly on the artificial aging of hydrochar, which could not reveal the cumulative effect of multiple environmental factors. Therefore, the periodical monitoring of the property and sorption behavior of hydrochar after amending soils is necessary to better understand the multifaceted mechanisms associated with the natural aging of hydrochar. This study selected the sludge-derived hydrochar (SLHC) as a typical hydrochar and applied a 16-month rice–wheat–rice rotation to mimic the natural aging of hydrochar, focusing on changing properties and cadmium (Cd) sorption and literature contrast between aging strategies and biochar types. The porosity, O abundance, and ash content of 16-month aged SLHC increased by 37%, 47%, and 8.5%, respectively, facilitating Cd sorption due to surface complexation, pore sorption, and precipitation. The sorption percentage of Cd to SLHC was in the range of 11–14% for SLHC-A0 and increased to 17–31% for SLHC-A4 and 20–32% for SLHC-A16 after natural aging. The natural aging of SLHC induced by ash content played an essential role in Cd sorption site heterogeneity. Linear regression analysis showed that aging strategies on sorption behavior significantly differed between biochars. Thus, studies involving natural aging with multiple environmental factors are preferred over those involving chemical or biological aging. Future studies should continue to explore the mechanisms of natural aging-induced heavy metal sorption between hydrochar and pyrochar. These results improve insights to appraise the potential of SLHC as soil amendments to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination and provide an essential basis for researchers and staff in soil management and environmental prevention.
Graphical Abstract
Association of Body Fluid Volumes and Body Fat Distribution with Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index
Authors: Li Liang , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Lei , Zhao Zhikun , Xia Yunfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, non-invasive and easy-to-obtain measure for the evaluation of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body fluid volumes, body composition, body fat distribution and ABI at a population perspective.

Results
Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data (NHANES) during 1999–2000, 2001–2002, and 2003–2004, adults ≥ 40 years old were eligible for inclusion. Univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between ABI, body fluid volume and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and body fat distribution assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). After exclusion, the final analytic sample contained 1535 participants who were representative of totally 28,572,458 subjects in the US. After adjustments for relevant confounders, estimated fat mass was significantly and inversely associated with ABI (beta: − 0.0009, 95% CI = − 0.0015, − 0.0003). Total percent fat (beta: − 0.0024, 95% CI = − 0.0033, − 0.0014), trunk percent fat (beta: − 0.0016, 95% CI = − 0.0023, − 0.0009), and percent fat at the four limbs were also significantly and inversely associated with ABI (p < 0.001). In addition, subjects with higher estimated fat mass, total percent fat, trunk percent fat and higher percent fat at the four limbs were all significantly more likely to have abnormal ABI < 0.9. No significant association between parameters of body fluid volume and abnormal ABI was observed.

Conclusions
Estimated fat mass, total percent fat, trunk percent fat and percent fat at the four limbs were significantly and inversely associated with ABI. Subjects with abnormal ABI are more likely to have higher total percent fat, trunk percent fat and the limb fat. These findings fill the knowledge gap on the relationships between atherosclerosis and body fat distribution. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
Practice Comparison and Cost Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Platforms Offering Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Jesse Erin , Sellke Nicholas , Rivero Marco-Jose , Muncey Wade , Ghayda Ramy Abou , Loeb Aram , Thirumavalavan Nannan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDirect-to-consumer telemedicine platforms have expanded their reach to include services for the evaluation and treatment of testosterone deficiency.AimWe aim to (i) evaluate the treatment practices and costs associated with receiving testosterone therapy through direct-to-consumer telemedicine platforms; (ii) compare these practices to the American Urological Association guidelines; and (iii) compare the cost of receiving similar care at a tertiary center.MethodsGoogle was queried to identify telemedicine platforms offing testosterone therapy. Websites were analyzed for information regarding the initial consultation, initial laboratory evaluation, follow up, treatment monitoring regimen, and associated costs of receiving testosterone therapy. The costs for similar services at a tertiary care center were estimated using a single institution's online cost estimator for a patient with no insurance, private insurance, or Medicare.OutcomesEvaluation and treatment practices of each platform were compared to the American Urological Association guidelines, and a cost analysis was completed for the cost of (i) undergoing an initial evaluation, and (ii) receiving 12 months of treatment through each platform and at a tertiary center.ResultsThree online platforms met inclusion criteria: Hone, Regenex Health, and TRT Nation. The initial evaluation and follow up of patients on TTh were similar between the online platforms and practice guidelines. The costs of the initial consultation were lowest for the patient with Medicare at a tertiary center and via the telemedicine platforms. Conversely, the cost of 12 months of intramuscular testosterone treatment was highest via the telemedicine platforms, ranging from $1,586 to $4,200, as compared to the tertiary center, which ranged from $134.01 to $1,333.04 with varying insurance models. Costs of ongoing treatment with transdermal testosterone are similarly higher via DTC platforms.Clinical ImplicationsPatients with private insurance or Medicare should be counseled that ongoing treatment through telemedicine platforms will likely incur a greater cost than receiving such care at a tertiary center that can utilize insurance coverage.Strengths & LimitationsPractice and cost comparisons include accurate, up-to-date information based on each platform's website. Limitations include the analysis of only three telemedicine platforms, and the ability to describe only the information provided on each website. In addition, cost estimates for the tertiary center only include a single type of private and public insurance, limiting generalizability.ConclusionThis observational study indicates that direct-to-consumer telemedicine platforms are largely following practice guidelines in the evaluation and treatment of testosterone, however, there is a high cost associated with ongoing treatment.
Grasping Legal Time
Authors: Stronks Martijn 
Published: June 2022

Time is one of the most important means for the exercise of power. In Migration Law, it is used for disciplining and controlling the presence of migrants within a certain territory through the intricate interplay of two overlapping but contradicting understandings of time – human and clock time. This book explores both the success and limitations of the usage of time for the governance of migration. The virtues of legal time can be seen at work in several temporal differentiations in migration law: differentiation based on temporality, deadlines, qualification of time and procedural differentiation. Martijn Stronks contests that, hidden in the usage of legal time in Migration Law, there is an argument for the inclusion of migrants on the basis of their right to human time. This assertion is based in the finite, irreversible and unstoppable character of human time.
A NOTE ON FRAGMENTS OF UNIFORM REFLECTION IN SECOND ORDER ARITHMETIC
Authors: FRITTAION EMANUELE 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider fragments of uniform reflection for formulas in the analytic hierarchy over theories of second order arithmetic. The main result is that for any second order arithmetic theory
$T_0$
extending
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
and axiomatizable by a
$\Pi ^1_{k+2}$
sentence, and for any
$n\geq k+1$
,
$$\begin{align*}T_0+ \mathrm{RFN}_{\varPi^1_{n+2}}(T) \ = \ T_0 + \mathrm{TI}_{\varPi^1_n}(\varepsilon_0), \end{align*}$$

$$\begin{align*}T_0+ \mathrm{RFN}_{\varSigma^1_{n+1}}(T) \ = \ T_0+ \mathrm{TI}_{\varPi^1_n}(\varepsilon_0)^{-}, \end{align*}$$
where T is
$T_0$
augmented with full induction, and
$\mathrm {TI}_{\varPi ^1_n}(\varepsilon _0)^{-}$
denotes the schema of transfinite induction up to
$\varepsilon _0$
for
$\varPi ^1_n$
formulas without set parameters.
How Common SOFA and Ventilator Time Trial Criteria Would Have Performed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Simulated Cohort Study
Authors: Walsh B. Corbett , Pradhan Deepak , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Uppal Amit , Nunnally Mark E. , Berkowitz Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate how key aspects of New York State Ventilator Allocation Guidelines (NYSVAG)—Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score criteria and ventilator time trials —might perform with respect to the frequency of ventilator reallocation and survival to hospital discharge in a simulated cohort of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:
Single center retrospective observational and simulation cohort study of 884 critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing ventilator allocation per NYSVAG.

Results:
In total, 742 patients (83.9%) would have had their ventilator reallocated during the 11-day observation period, 280 (37.7%) of whom would have otherwise survived to hospital discharge if provided with a ventilator. Only 65 (18.1%) of the observed surviving patients would have survived by NYSVAG. Extending ventilator time trials from 2 to 5 days resulted in a 49.2% increase in simulated survival to discharge.

Conclusions:
In the setting of a protracted respiratory pandemic, implementation of NYSVAG or similar protocols could lead to a high degree of ventilator reallocation, including withdrawal from patients who might otherwise survive. Longer ventilator time trials might lead to improved survival for COVID-19 patients given their protracted respiratory failure. Further studies are needed to understand the survival of patients receiving reallocated ventilators to determine whether implementation of NYSVAG would improve overall survival.
Neural network attribution methods for problems in geoscience: A novel synthetic benchmark dataset
Authors: Mamalakis Antonios , Ebert-Uphoff Imme , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the increasingly successful application of neural networks to many problems in the geosciences, their complex and nonlinear structure makes the interpretation of their predictions difficult, which limits model trust and does not allow scientists to gain physical insights about the problem at hand. Many different methods have been introduced in the emerging field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims at attributing the network’s prediction to specific features in the input domain. XAI methods are usually assessed by using benchmark datasets (such as MNIST or ImageNet for image classification). However, an objective, theoretically derived ground truth for the attribution is lacking for most of these datasets, making the assessment of XAI in many cases subjective. Also, benchmark datasets specifically designed for problems in geosciences are rare. Here, we provide a framework, based on the use of additively separable functions, to generate attribution benchmark datasets for regression problems for which the ground truth of the attribution is known a priori. We generate a large benchmark dataset and train a fully connected network to learn the underlying function that was used for simulation. We then compare estimated heatmaps from different XAI methods to the ground truth in order to identify examples where specific XAI methods perform well or poorly. We believe that attribution benchmarks as the ones introduced herein are of great importance for further application of neural networks in the geosciences, and for more objective assessment and accurate implementation of XAI methods, which will increase model trust and assist in discovering new science.