bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ecological and methodological assessment of benthic gross primary production in northern lakes
Authors: Puts I. C. , Bergström A.‐K. , Verheijen H. A. , Norman S. , Ask J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBenthic gross primary production (GPP) is often the most important part of aquatic food webs in northern lakes, which are gradually warming and receiving increased terrestrial colored dissolved organic carbon loadings due to global change. Yet, measurements of benthic GPP are fairly uncommon, and methods and unit dimensions of benthic GPP are unstandardized and rarely compared. In this study, we measured benthic GPP in 27 headwater lakes from three regions in northern Sweden and analyzed potential constraining drivers of benthic GPPz rates at discrete depths and estimates of benthic GPP averages across the whole lake, as well as across the littoral zone. We also compared in situ measurements of benthic GPP averages across the whole lake with modeled values using the “autotrophic structuring model.” We found that benthic GPPz rates were best explained by, and positively related to, available light (i.e., a function of depth and water color) and temperature. Benthic GPP averages across the whole lake, on the contrary, were best explained by the relative size of the littoral area, which is a measure that combines lake bathymetry and water color. The comparison between in situ measured and modeled estimates of benthic GPP averages across the whole lake revealed that (1) the autotrophic structuring model underestimates GPP at low values and overestimates GPP at high values compared with measured data, and that (2) measured values were related to temperature, which is not included as a variable in the autotrophic structuring model. Considering future predicted changes impacting northern latitude lakes, our results suggest that increased lake water temperatures can to some extent mitigate the negative impacts of reduced light availability from lake browning on benthic GPPz rates. The combined impact of these changes on benthic GPP averages across the whole lake will depend on, and be moderated by, lake bathymetry determining the relative size of the littoral area.
Indenyl and Allyl Palladate Complexes BearingN‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: an Easily Accessible Class of New Anticancer Drug Candidates
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Pessotto Ilenia , Cavarzerani Enrico , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Orian Laura , Demitri Nicola , Schmidt Claudia , Casini Angela , Bortolamiol Enrica , Visentin Fabiano , Rizzolio Flavio , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mechanochemical syntheses of allyl and indenyl palladate complexes are reported. All compounds were obtained in quantitative yields and microanalytically pure without the need of any workup. These complexes are stable in chlorinated and polar (DMSO or DMSO/H2O solutions) solvents. In chlorinated solvents, they appear as ionic pairs of which crystals suitable for single X‐ray diffraction studies have been obtained. Bonding and solvation properties are rationalized through scalar relativistic DFT calculations. Moreover, most complexes showed excellent cytotoxicity towards ovarian cancer cell lines, with IC50values comparable or lower than cisplatin. The potent anticancer activity of two IPrCland IPr*‐based palladate complexes was examined in a high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patient‐derived tumoroid. Moreover, the inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was noticed, and structure‐activity relationships could be derived, suggesting the ROS detoxifying system is involved in the mode of action.
Transfer Rates of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids into Cow's Milk in Pasture Based and Feed‐Lot Management Systems
Authors: Gulati Suresh Kumar , Thomson Peter , Ha Woel‐Kyu , Lee Won‐Jae , Lee Ji‐Hong , Choi Jae‐Heung , Ko Ki‐Han , Park Sang‐Ik , Cox Geoff , Scott Trevor William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the research is to assess the transfer of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) into cow's milk following supplementation with rumen protected fat supplements (rumen protected omega fat, RPOF). In pasture based and in feed‐lot management systems the transfer of DHA and EPA is 19–20% following supplementation with equal proportions of DHA and EPA (20–25 g/cow/day); the DHA and EPA level in milk are at 0.4% of the total fatty acids for each. There is no change in milk yield, protein, and fat content after 60 and 105 days of RPOF supplementation in pasture based and lot fed cows, respectively. The transfer of DHA into milk fat is around 25–32% when RPOF containing higher proportions of this fatty acid are fed (40.8 g/cow/day) and the DHA content in milk is about 1% of the total fatty acids.Practical Applications: Significant quantity of omega 3 DHA and EPA can be transferred into cow's milk in pasture based and feedlot management systems, and there is no reduction in milk yield, fat, and protein content. Furthermore, omega 3 milk with varying proportions of DHA and EPA can be produced in different dairy enterprises.
Crystallization and Polymorphism of Cocoa Butter Equivalents from Blends of Palm Mid Fraction and Hard Stearins Produced by Enzymatic Acidolysis of High Oleic Sunflower Oil
Authors: Ray Joydeep , Smith Kevin W. , Bhaggan Krishnadath , Stapley Andrew G. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) are formulated by mixing palm mid fraction (PMF) with silica‐treated hard stearin fractions produced via enzymatic acidolysis of high oleic sunflower oil with various mixtures of stearic and palmitic acids. The CBE blends always contain ≈30% 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol, but vary in 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (POP; 40–45%) and rac‐1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐stearoyl glycerol (POSt; 10‐16%) content. Overall symmetric disaturated monounsaturated (Sat‐O‐Sat) levels range from 81–86%. The effects of varying POP/POSt content on the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization (at 20 °C) of the CBEs are then studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stop and return DSC, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and compared with CB. Four polymorphs (I/sub‐α, II/α, IV/β′, and V/β) are identified which appear at different stages. The addition of PMF (raising POP levels) slows crystallization rates compared to the original stearins, but higher levels of POP also produce a small amount of V/β in under 4 h at 20 °C via apparent transformation from II/α. This does not occur with (high POSt) CB samples. However, after storage at 20 °C for 7 days, CB demonstrates greater transformation to V/β (from IV/β′) as confirmed via XRD. Solid fat contents of CBE blends are higher than CB due to higher Sat‐O‐Sat levels.Practical applications: The paper demonstrates a new route for formulating CBEs. The relative proportions of StOSt, POSt and POP in the formulation can be controlled by changing the proportions of palmitic and stearic acid used in the enzymatic acidolysis and the blend ratio with the PMF. This can then be used to fine‐tune the crystallization behavior.
A New Approach to Isoindolinones: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation Reactions of N‐Methoxybenzamides with Bis(tosylamido)methane
Authors: Fang Zhang , Shu Sai , Zhou Guanyu , Deng Zefeng , Huang Pengcheng , Li Bao , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new approach to the synthesis of isoindolinones via direct coupling of N‐methoxybenzamides and bis(tosylamido)methane with rhodium(III) as catalyst has been developed. The reaction is performed under mild conditions without oxidant, and is compatible with various functional groups. Compared with the previously reported methods for constructing isoindolinone skeletons, this method involves a novel [3+2] cyclization, and affords a wide variety of isoindolinones in moderate to excellent yields.
A high‐performance SNP panel developed by machine‐learning approaches for characterizing genetic differences of Southern and Northern Han Chinese, Korean, and Japanese individuals
Authors: Gu Jia‐Qi , Zhao Hui , Guo Xiao‐Yuan , Sun Hao‐Yun , Xu Jing‐Yi , Wei Yi‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPopulation stratification analyses targeting genetically closely related East Asians have revealed that distinguishable differentiation exists between Han Chinese, Korean, and Japanese individuals, as well as between southern (S‐) and northern (N‐) Han Chinese. Previous studies offer a number of choices for ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (AISNPs) to discriminate East‐Asian populations. In this study, we collected and examined the efficiency of 1185 AISNPs using frequency and genotype data from various publicly available databases. With the aim to perform fine‐scale classification of S‐Han, N‐Han, Korean, and Japanese subjects, machine‐learning methods (Softmax and Random Forest) were used to screen a panel of highly informative AISNPs and to develop a superior classification model. Stepwise classification was implemented to increase and balance the discrimination in the process of AISNP selection, first discriminating Han, Korean, and Japanese individuals, and then characterizing stratification between S‐Han and N‐Han. The final 272‐AISNP panel is an alternative optimization of various previous works, which promises reliable and >90% accuracy in classification of the four East‐Asian groups. This AISNP panel and the machine‐learning model could be a useful and superior choice in medical genome‐wide association studies and in forensic investigations for unknown suspect identity.
WHIRLY protein functions in plants
Authors: Taylor Rachel E. , West Christopher E. , Foyer Christine H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental stresses pose a significant threat to food security. Understanding the function of proteins that regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses is therefore pivotal in developing strategies for crop improvement. The WHIRLY (WHY) family of DNA‐binding proteins are important in this regard because they fulfil a portfolio of important functions in organelles and nuclei. The WHY1 and WHY2 proteins function as transcription factors in the nucleus regulating phytohormone synthesis and associated growth and stress responses, as well as fulfilling crucial roles in DNA and RNA metabolism in plastids and mitochondria. WHY1, WHY2 (and WHY3 proteins in Arabidopsis) maintain organelle genome stability and serve as auxiliary factors for homologous recombination and double‐strand break repair. Our understanding of WHY protein functions has greatly increased in recent years, as has our knowledge of the flexibility of their localization and overlap of functions but there is no review of the topic in the literature. Our aim in this review was therefore to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, discussing WHY protein functions in nuclei and organelles and highlighting roles in plant development and stress responses. In particular, we consider areas of uncertainty such as the flexible localization of WHY proteins in terms of retrograde signalling connecting mitochondria, plastids, and the nucleus. Moreover, we identify WHY proteins as important targets in plant breeding programmes designed to increase stress tolerance and the sustainability of crop yield in a changing climate.
Exploiting temporal dependency of RSS data with deep learning for IoT‐oriented wireless indoor localization
Authors: Ye Qianwen , Fan Xiaochen , Fang Gengfa , Bie Hongxia 
Published: March 2022

With the ubiquitous demand for indoor location‐based services and the pervasive deployment of Wi‐Fi hotspots, wireless indoor localization has been widely studied by utilizing various Wi‐Fi signal measurements. Most existing schemes leverage the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of Wi‐Fi to conduct cost‐efficient indoor localization. However, the RSS data are not only prone to multi‐path effects, but also sensitive to time‐varying environmental dynamics, making it quite daunting to achieve robust indoor localization. In contrast to existing solutions that focus on spatial features of RSS, in this article, we exploit the temporal dependency of RSS time‐series data by integrating the Kalman filter with deep neural networks. In particular, to tame time‐varying noises and preserve valuable temporal features in RSS measurements, we propose a time‐varying RSS filtering algorithm based on the Kalman filter and a refined post‐processing module. Moreover, a deep learning model based on deep neural network (DNN) is further utilized for effective feature extraction on one‐dimension RSS fingerprints. The experiment results show that the proposed Kalman‐DNN model improves at least 25% localization accuracy in comparison with conventional DNN model. Furthermore, with the localization time as 0.02 ms, the Kalman‐DNN model outperforms the Kalman‐CNN model in localization accuracy by at least 10%.
Fall establishment of zoysiagrass on roadsides in the U.S. transition zone
Authors: Miller Grady , Gragg Ben , Pinnix Drew , McCauley Ray , Milla‐Lewis Susana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVegetation management around roadsides and guardrails is time‐consuming and expensive for a department of transportation. These organizations desire dense vegetation that has slow vertical growth and minimal weed invasion once established, and zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is a suitable species for this use. The objective of this study was to compare fall versus spring plantings for establishing zoysiagrass on North Carolina roadsides. ‘Crowne’ (sprigs) and ‘Compadre’ (sprigs and seed) zoysiagrasses (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were planted in fall 2017 (September, October, November) and spring 2018 (March, April, May) in Lenoir and Yadkin Counties, NC. Data collection was initiated in summer of 2018 and continued through July 2019. The mean percentage of zoysiagrass cover was recorded individually for each establishment timing and method. Zoysiagrass planted with seed achieved coverage quicker than sprigging for all monthly plantings. In Yadkin, March and May seedings achieved 95 and 98% coverage in September 2018, respectively; whereas Compadre's sprigging coverage was 67%. In Lenoir, seed planted in November 2017 and March 2018 achieved 32 and 35% cover by September 2018, respectively, whereas sprig plantings showed <6% coverage. Coverage was faster for spring‐planted materials, but after one calendar year, fall and spring seed planting had similar coverage. The results from this research suggest that zoysiagrass can be established with minimal inputs in fall as well as spring on North Carolina roadsides.
Decomposing planar graphs into graphs with degree restrictions
Authors: Cho Eun‐Kyung , Choi Ilkyoo , Kim Ringi , Park Boram , Shan Tingting , Zhu Xuding 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGiven a graph , a decomposition of is a partition of its edges. A graph is ‐decomposable if its edge set can be partitioned into a ‐degenerate graph and a graph with maximum degree at most . For , we are interested in the minimum integer such that every planar graph is ‐decomposable. It was known that , , and . This paper proves that , and .
A retrospective cohort review of prescribing in hospitalised patients with heart failure using Beers criteria and STOPP recommendations
Authors: Beezer Janine , Roe Lisa , Husband Andy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith an ageing population and multimorbidity on the rise, polypharmacy is also increasing. Polypharmacy is common in patients with heart failure, possibly due to the application of evidence‐based therapy to improve prognosis and symptoms.Objectives

To identify potentially inappropriate medications according to Beers criteria and the STOPP screening tool;

To assess if the recommendations generated from applying these tools could have potentially unintended harmful outcomes in the context of a heart failure diagnosis.

MethodMedications for 30 patients, aged ≥75 years with an existing diagnosis of reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were extracted from the National Heart Failure Database. Patient medications were reviewed at the point of admission and recommendations documented and reviewed.ResultsPatients were prescribed an average of 11 medicines. Beers criteria generated 22 recommendations, of which 27% (6) could have potential detrimental effects on patient outcomes. STOPP screening generated 54 recommendations of which 65% (35) were considered to have potentially unintended harmful consequences in patients with heart failure.ConclusionsBoth guidelines for the review of potentially inappropriate medicines generated recommendations that could have potentially detrimental effects on heart failure management when considering patients with HFrEF.
Mechanism and kinetics of 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol cleavage catalyzed by Cu/Beta zeolite
Authors: Wang Peng‐sen , Yang Bo‐lun , Perumal Emayavaramban , Wu Zhi‐qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo explore the feasibility of producing high‐value products from biomass, the copper‐supported off‐Al H‐Beta zeolite was prepared and used as a catalyst. The 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol was chosen as a catalyst, a model molecule of biomass, the reaction mechanism and reaction path of the oxidative cleavage were studied. The variation of concentration for different components and products distribution were obtained under different temperatures. Based on these experimental results, a kinetic model of the reaction system was established, and the kinetic parameters were developed through optimization algorithms. Results show that Brønsted acid and Lewis acid have a synergistic role in the oxidative cleavage of 1,2‐diol. The adding of Cu species can regulate the acidity and acid amount of the catalyst and can effectively improve the C─C bond breaking ability of the catalyst. 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol firstly underwent oxidative cleavage to produce benzaldehyde, which further underwent parallel tandem reactions to get benzyl alcohol (BP), methyl benzoate (MB), and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (BDA), respectively. The highest activation energy is required for the oxidative cleavage reaction in the reaction system, and a higher temperature thus will be needed.
A phase I/II trial of concurrent immunotherapy with chemoradiation in locally advanced larynx cancer
Authors: Frankart Andrew J. , Sadraei Nooshin Hashemi , Huth Brad , Redmond Kevin P. , Barrett William L. , Kurtzweil Nicky , Riaz Muhammad K. , Wise‐Draper Trisha , Rodriguez Cristina P. , Adelstein David J. , Takiar Vinita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesCisplatin‐based chemoradiation is an established organ‐preserving strategy for locally advanced laryngeal cancer, but long‐term survival remains suboptimal. Immunotherapy has been studied in the metastatic and unresectable recurrent settings. However, additional data are needed to assess its role in organ preservation for locally advanced laryngeal cancer.MethodsThis trial was an open‐label, single‐arm, multi‐institutional study with a Phase I run‐in portion followed by a planned Phase II component, which closed early due to low accrual. Study patients had Stage III or IV (T2–3; N0–3; M0) laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and were candidates for larynx preservation. Pembrolizumab was given 2–3 weeks prior to chemoradiation and then, q21 days concurrently with high‐dose cisplatin and radiation prescribed to a total dose of 70 Gy. The primary endpoint of the trial was organ‐preservation rate (OPR) at 18 months.ResultsA total of nine patients were enrolled with a median follow‐up of 30.1 months. No patient required laryngectomy, resulting in 100% OPR at 18 months. The 12‐month overall survival (OS) rate was 77.8% and the median duration of OS was not reached. All acute Grade 4 (n = 3) toxicities occurred in a single patient with poorly controlled diabetes at baseline. One patient had late Grade 4 laryngeal edema requiring tracheostomy 8 months after chemoradiation, which self‐resolved.ConclusionUCCI‐HN‐15‐02 demonstrated the safety of the addition of immunotherapy to definitive chemoradiation and the patient outcomes suggest the potential for improving long‐term survival while minimizing negative impact from treatment. While results from this trial were promising, a randomized study with a larger number of patients and longer follow‐up is warranted to verify this treatment approach prior to wider adoption. NCT #: NCT02759575.Level of evidence: 2b
Daily surface temperatures for 185,549 lakes in the conterminous United States estimated using deep learning (1980–2020)
Authors: Willard Jared D. , Read Jordan S. , Topp Simon , Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Kumar Vipin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe dataset described here includes estimates of historical (1980–2020) daily surface water temperature, lake metadata, and daily weather conditions for lakes bigger than 4 ha in the conterminous United States (n = 185,549), and also in situ temperature observations for a subset of lakes (n = 12,227). Estimates were generated using a long short‐term memory deep learning model and compared to existing process‐based and linear regression models. Model training was optimized for prediction on unmonitored lakes through cross‐validation that held out lakes to assess generalizability and estimate error. On the held‐out lakes with in situ observations, median lake‐specific error was 1.24°C, and the overall root mean squared error was 1.61°C. This dataset increases the number of lakes with daily temperature predictions when compared to existing datasets, as well as substantially improves predictive accuracy compared to a prior empirical model and a debiased process‐based approach (2.01°C and 1.79°C median error, respectively).
E‐Band Metasurface‐Based Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
Authors: Chung Hyeongju , Kim Daeik , Choi Eunmi , Lee Jongwon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrbital angular momentum (OAM) has received considerable attention regarding high‐capacity communication owing to its spatial orthogonality. However, it is still challenging to build a compact communication system that can generate multiple coaxial OAM beams and receive information from each. In this work, OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing at the E‐band frequency using a single metasurface structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. For OAM multiplexing, the metasurface used as a transceiver generates two orthogonal coaxial OAM beams for Gaussian incident beams with different incidence angles. For OAM demultiplexing, the same metasurface flipped 180° as a receiver forms a Gaussian beam in different off‐axis directions depending on the topological charge of the coaxially incident OAM beam. The Gaussian beam measured at the receiver end exhibits a high signal‐to‐noise ratio of more than 33 dB compared with the background OAM beam. OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing based on a single metasurface may provide a route for high‐capacity and compact free‐space communication systems.