bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularization tunnelling for full waveform inversion
Authors: Keating Scott D , Innanen Kristopher A 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
Prior knowledge can be a powerful source of information in seismic inversion, leading to substantially more accurate models than those derived from seismic data alone. Prior knowledge about clustering of rock physics properties, supplied by appropriate rock physics models, or nearby well-logs, may be especially informative. However, incorporating general forms of this type of information into local optimization methods, such as those used in full waveform inversion (FWI), is problematic, since it will often call for model updates involving a departure from the basin of a local minimum. Here, we propose an optimization strategy for FWI, in which global regularization information is partially accounted for, and in which a model can, under the right circumstances, ‘tunnel’ between basins, to honour prior information. The process is based on standard FWI updates and begins with an initial model in which every model grid cell is in one of a range of pre-defined clusters. At each iteration, a standard update is computed, but it is then followed by a second update, in which each grid cell tunnels to a new cluster if the move is warranted by the update history of the model (its ‘momentum’) and the model regularization penalty (its ‘potential’). To limit the ability of the tunnelling procedure from introducing spatial variations on scales smaller than those contained in the seismic data, these conditions are considered in combination with a small mode filter. We implement the procedure by building on an existing 2-D viscoelastic FWI algorithm, limited such that only the P-wave velocity and density are updated, and evaluate it by subjecting it to a variety of basic tests involving simulated data. We conclude that the basic approach, and this specific implementation, using a simple initial model, provides a combination of well-resolved structures and grid cells occupying appropriate clusters that cannot be produced by standard means.
Study on the performance and mechanism of modified mica for improving polypropylene composites
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Taozhong , Sun Pengliang , Yu Fujia , Li Bin , Dun Linan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) has the most extensive plastics of plastics because of the advantages of simplicity, easy processing, high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and electrical insulation. The application of PP has limitations in many fields because it is lack of formation shrinkage, low modulus, poor thermal stability, strong gap and low temperature and cracking. The addition of mineral fillers can not only improve their performance, not just the PP/mineral filler composite materials required, but also reduce the cost of the material. Therefore, in this paper, lamellar mica was selected as mineral filler to modify the surface of PP. The effects of titanate coupling agent and silane coupling agent modified mica, and their addition on the properties of PP were systematically studied. KH-570 modification increases the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites, while JN-114 and KH-570 can effectively improve the toughness and processability of PP composites. The interaction between modifier and mica was analyzed comprehensively by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the effect mechanism of mica on the properties of PP was discussed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that different modified mica as mineral filler and PP can produce synergistic effect.
A Voices-Centered Approach to Transitional Justice: Youth-led Activism and Artistic Initiatives Open Spaces for Broad Community Engagement
Authors: Jmal Nadia , Ladisch Virginie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
In response to a global movement demanding justice for historically oppressed communities, there are increased calls for transitional justice approaches to help unravel legacies of colonization, slavery and marginalization. Applying transitional justice approaches to contexts of structural injustice raises new questions that push the boundaries of the field. In the face of these challenges, this article explores ways to conceptualize transitional justice as a dynamic, ongoing relational process that centers victims and involves bystanders, beneficiaries and the general public in meaningful and appropriate ways. Across different socio-political contexts, we look to new voices, in particular youth voices and creative approaches, for inspiration on how to bring more people into the conversation to address emerging dilemmas in consolidated democracies. Much can be learned from the dynamic spaces created by young people to encourage a more transformational process of reckoning with past legacies to advance a more just future.
From ESPRIT to ESPIRA: estimation of signal parameters by iterative rational approximation
Authors: Derevianko Nadiia , Plonka Gerlind , Petz Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe introduce a new method for Estimation of Signal Parameters based on Iterative Rational Approximation (ESPIRA) for sparse exponential sums. Our algorithm uses the AAA algorithm for rational approximation of the discrete Fourier transform of the given equidistant signal values. We show that ESPIRA can be interpreted as a matrix pencil method (MPM) applied to Loewner matrices. These Loewner matrices are closely connected with the Hankel matrices that are usually employed for signal recovery. Due to the construction of the Loewner matrices via an adaptive selection of index sets, the MPM is stabilized. ESPIRA achieves similar recovery results for exact data as ESPRIT and the MPM, but with less computational effort. Moreover, ESPIRA strongly outperforms ESPRIT and the MPM for noisy data and for signal approximation by short exponential sums.
Risk factors for the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3′)-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) in pig and broiler faeces in nine European countries
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Heederik Dick J. J. , Mevius Dik J. , Scherpenisse Peter , Luiken Roosmarijn E. C. , Van Gompel Liese , Skarżyńska Magdalena , Wadepohl Katharina , Chauvin Claire , Van Heijnsbergen Eri , Wouters Inge M. , Greve Gerdit D. , Jongerius-Gortemaker Betty G. M. , Tersteeg-Zijderveld Monique , Zając Magdalena , Wasyl Dariusz , Juraschek Katharina , Fischer Jennie , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Smit Lidwien A. M. , Schmitt Heike ,   EFFORT consortium
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The occurrence and zoonotic potential of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pigs and broilers has been studied intensively in past decades. Here, we describe AMR levels of European pig and broiler farms and determine the potential risk factors.

Methods
We collected faeces from 181 pig farms and 181 broiler farms in nine European countries. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify the relative abundance of four antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) [aph(3′)-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W)] in these faeces samples. Information on antimicrobial use (AMU) and other farm characteristics was collected through a questionnaire. A mixed model using country and farm as random effects was performed to evaluate the relationship of AMR with AMU and other farm characteristics. The correlation between individual qPCR data and previously published pooled metagenomic data was evaluated. Variance component analysis was conducted to assess the variance contribution of all factors.

Results
The highest abundance of ARG was for tet(W) in pig faeces and erm(B) in broiler faeces. In addition to the significant positive association between corresponding ARG and AMU levels, we also found on-farm biosecurity measures were associated with relative ARG abundance in both pigs and broilers. Between-country and between-farm variation can partially be explained by AMU. Different ARG targets may have different sample size requirements to represent the overall farm level precisely.

Conclusions
qPCR is an efficient tool for targeted assessment of AMR in livestock-related samples. The AMR variation between samples was mainly contributed to by between-country, between-farm and within-farm differences, and then by on-farm AMU.
Arthropod and Disease Management in Fraser Fir (Pinales: Pinaceae) Christmas Trees in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Darr Molly N , Coyle David R , Jetton Robert M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFraser fir, Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir., is one of the most desired Christmas tree species owing to its fragrance, physical appearance, and durability. This species represents a major component of the Christmas tree industry in the southeastern United States, with production occurring in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Fraser fir production is a multi-million dollar annual industry despite growing in a limited elevational and latitudinal range. Pest management for Christmas trees is notoriously difficult owing to the near zero-tolerance of most pests, even those causing aesthetic damage. Christmas trees are produced in monocultural environments which make them highly susceptible to several arthropod and fungal pests. We review the major pests affecting Fraser fir Christmas tree production, including their biology, symptoms, and scouting procedures, and current management strategies. In general, pest management in Christmas tree production systems has not changed significantly in the last several decades, and still relies heavily on pesticide usage. We propose several areas in need of research that could help Fraser fir Christmas tree producers mitigate the impacts of climate change and potential new pest species, as well as suggest changes to current or potentially novel integrated pest management strategies which have a chance to provide economic and ecological benefits for this industry.
The Life Span and Levels of Oxidative Stress in Foragers Between Feral and Managed Honey Bee Colonies
Authors: Ward Kilea , Cleare Xaryn , Li-Byarlay Hongmei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Molecular damage caused by oxidative stress may lead to organismal aging and result in acute mortality to organisms. Thus, oxidative stress resistance and longevity are closely linked. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the most important managed pollinator in agriculture, but the long-term survival of honey bees is seriously threatened. Feral honey bee colonies can be used as natural resources to improve honey bee health. One question we ask here is whether feral honey bees are stress resistant or survive longer than managed bee populations. More work is needed to determine the impact of oxidative stress on honey bee health and survival. In this study, we used paired colony designs to compare the life span of worker bees (foragers) between feral and managed colonies and their levels of oxidative stress. Each pair of colonies shared similar foraging resources. The results indicated that foragers in feral colonies had longer survival times and life spans than those in managed colonies. The levels of oxidative stress from lipid damage content in feral colonies were higher than those in managed colonies, indicating that they used a tolerance mechanism rather than a repair mechanism to survive. Our study provides new insights into a colony difference in the physiology and oxidative stress resistance of feral honey bees compared with managed colony stocks.
A case of liver injury and pneumo-haemoperitoneum during pericardiocentesis
Authors: Whiley Phillip J , Rodrigues Nicole , Balasooriya Janaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pericardiocentesis is a generally safe procedure that provides effective resolution of cardiac tamponade. Emergency pericardiocentesis may be a life-saving intervention. Encountering an intra-abdominal organ in the path of the needle is predicted to be a potential complication in emergency subxiphoid approaches. Despite predictions of intraabdominal injuries, only few instances are recorded. In this case study, a patient recovering from percutaneous cardiac intervention required an emergency pericardiocentesis that was complicated by a liver injury, diaphragmatic penetration and pneumo-haemoperitoneum requiring surgical intervention to remove the drain. The case discusses options for performing the procedure, patient factors that can complicate the procedure and radiological and surgical diagnosis and treatment of this rare event.
Abundance discrepancy factors in high-density planetary nebulae
Authors: Ruiz-Escobedo Francisco , Peña Miriam 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
From high-resolution spectra, chemical abundances from collisionally excited lines (CELs) and optical recombination lines (ORLs) have been determined for planetary nebulae (PNe) Cn 3-1, Vy 2-2, Hu 2-1, Vy 1-2 and IC 4997, which are young and dense objects. The main aim of this work is to derive their O+2/H+ abundance discrepancy factors (ADFs) between CELs and ORLs. He, O, N, Ne, Ar, S, and Cl abundances were obtained and our values are in agreement with those previously reported. We found that Cn 3-1, Hu 2-1, and Vy 1-2 have O abundances typical of disc PNe, while Vy 2-2 and IC 4997 are low O abundance objects ($\rm {12+log(O/H) \sim 8.2}$), which can be attributed to possible O depletion into dust grains. ADFs(O+2) of $4.30^{+1.00}_{-1.16}$, 1.85 ± 1.05, $5.34^{+1.27}_{-1.08}$ and $4.87^{+4.34}_{-2.71}$ were determined for Vy 2-2, Hu 2-1, Vy 1-2, and IC 4997, respectively. The kinematics of CELs and ORLs was analysed for each case to study the possibility that different coexisting plasmas in the nebula emit them. Expansion velocities of [O iii] and O ii are equal within uncertainties in three PNe, providing no evidence for these lines being emitted in different zones. Exceptions are Hu 2-1 and Vy 2-2, where ORLs might be emitted in different zones than CELs. For Vy 2-2 and IC 4997, we found that nebular and auroral lines of the same ion (S+, N+, Ar+2, Ar+3, O+2) might present different expansion velocities. Auroral lines show lower $\rm {V_{exp}}$, which might indicate that they are emitted in a denser and inner zone than the nebular ones.
Rapidly oscillating TESS A–F main-sequence stars: are the roAp stars a distinct class?
Authors: Balona L A 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
From sector 1–44 TESS observations, 19 new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars, 103 ostensibly non-peculiar stars with roAp-like frequencies, and 617 δ Scuti stars with independent frequencies typical of roAp stars were found. Examination of all chemically peculiar stars observed by TESS resulted in the discovery of 199 Ap stars that pulsate as δ Sct or γ Dor variables. The fraction of pulsating Ap stars is the same as the fraction of pulsating chemically normal stars. There is no distinct separation in frequency or radial order between chemically peculiar δ Sct stars and roAp stars. In fact, all the features that originally distinguished roAp from δ Sct stars in the past have disappeared. There is no reason to assume that the high frequencies in roAp stars are driven by a different mechanism from the high frequencies in chemically normal stars. However, chemically peculiar stars are far more likely to pulsate with high frequencies. The term ‘roAp’ should be dropped: all roAp stars are normal δ Scuti stars.
Echoes of the past: ultra-high-energy cosmic rays accelerated by radio galaxies, scattered by starburst galaxies
Authors: Bell A R , Matthews J H 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore the possibility that the hotspot of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) detected by the Telescope Array from the approximate direction of M82 and the M81 group of galaxies might be the echo of UHECRs emitted by Centaurus A in an earlier more powerful phase. Echoes from other starburst galaxies or groups of galaxies may contribute to the UHECR flux at the Earth. We use an illustrative Monte Carlo model of monoenergetic UHECR transport by small-angle scattering to generate synthetic sky maps. The model informs a discussion of overall energetics and time- and distance scales. We find a viable echo model for the observed UHECR hotspots if the UHECR luminosity of Centaurus A 20 Myr ago was 200 times its present luminosity and if the ordered magnetic field exceeds 10–20 nG out to a distance of 400–800 kpc in the circumgalactic medium of M82 and other starburst galaxies.
Is the hemispheric asymmetry of sunspot cycle caused by an irregular process with long-term memory?
Authors: Das Ratul , Ghosh Aparup , Karak Bidya Binay 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The hemispheric asymmetry of the sunspot cycle is a real feature of the Sun. However, its origin is still not well understood. Here, we perform nonlinear time series analysis of the sunspot area and number asymmetry to explore its dynamics. By measuring the correlation dimension of the sunspot asymmetry, we conclude that there is no strange attractor in the data. Further computing Higuchi’s dimension, we conclude that the hemispheric asymmetry is largely governed by stochastic noise. However, the behaviour of Hurst exponent reveals that the time series is not completely determined by a memory-less stochastic noise, rather there is a long-term persistence, which can go beyond two solar cycles. Therefore, our study suggests that the hemispheric asymmetry of the sunspot cycle is predominantly originated due to some irregular process in the solar dynamo. The long-term persistence in the solar cycle asymmetry suggests that the solar magnetic field has some memory in the convection zone.
Variational autoencoding of gene landscapes during mouse CNS development uncovers layered roles of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2
Authors: Mora Ariane , Rakar Jonathan , Cobeta Ignacio Monedero , Salmani Behzad Yaghmaeian , Starkenberg Annika , Thor Stefan , Bodén Mikael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A prominent aspect of most, if not all, central nervous systems (CNSs) is that anterior regions (brain) are larger than posterior ones (spinal cord). Studies in Drosophila and mouse have revealed that Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2), a protein complex responsible for applying key repressive histone modifications, acts by several mechanisms to promote anterior CNS expansion. However, it is unclear what the full spectrum of PRC2 action is during embryonic CNS development and how PRC2 intersects with the epigenetic landscape. We removed PRC2 function from the developing mouse CNS, by mutating the key gene Eed, and generated spatio-temporal transcriptomic data. To decode the role of PRC2, we developed a method that incorporates standard statistical analyses with probabilistic deep learning to integrate the transcriptomic response to PRC2 inactivation with epigenetic data. This multi-variate analysis corroborates the central involvement of PRC2 in anterior CNS expansion, and also identifies several unanticipated cohorts of genes, such as proliferation and immune response genes. Furthermore, the analysis reveals specific profiles of regulation via PRC2 upon these gene cohorts. These findings uncover a differential logic for the role of PRC2 upon functionally distinct gene cohorts that drive CNS anterior expansion. To support the analysis of emerging multi-modal datasets, we provide a novel bioinformatics package that integrates transcriptomic and epigenetic datasets to identify regulatory underpinnings of heterogeneous biological processes.
Did Pastafarians Lose in Strasbourg, After All?
Authors: Brzozowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the late 2021, the European Court of Human Rights rejected as inadmissible the application lodged by a person affiliated with the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. The Court argued that ‘Pastafarianism’, due to its purely satirical character, cannot be considered to be a religion or belief within the sense of Article 9 of the European Convention of Human Rights. This ruling appears to be convincingly justified. However, some aspects of the reasoning offered in the body of the decision might raise concerns as to the Court’s willingness to adhere to its earlier standards, since the conclusion was reached at the price of overstretching the well-established view on the incompatibility of the state’s duty of neutrality with any power to assess the legitimacy of religious beliefs or the ways in which they are expressed.
Unfinished Business in Classifying HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Identifying the Bad Apples in a Good Staging Barrel
Authors: Huang Shao Hui , Koyfman Shlomo , O’Sullivan Brian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This commentary highlights three important findings in the study by Vijayvargiya et al, published in this journal, involving 9554 oropharyngeal cancer patients from the SEER database. Firstly, there is improved performance in outcome prediction with TNM-8 in HPV+ OPC. However, heterogeneity exists, especially in TNM-8 stage I disease, and there is need for ongoing improvement in risk stratification. Several anatomical and non-anatomical prognostic factors have been proposed. Among them, radiologic extranodal extension has emerged as one of the promising parameters to be considered for future staging. These baseline prognostic factors should address sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy to serve different clinical needs. Secondly, cure is possible for some patients presenting with M1 disease. Optimal management of such patients remains to be explored, and clinical trials targeting de novo M1 disease should be encouraged to optimize outcomes for this subset. Finally, methodologies to address missing tumor HPV status in historical cohorts have been discussed, including using baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, as well as statistical procedures such as multiple imputation.
Impact of Iron-Deficiency Management on Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study (CAMARA Study)
Authors: Gluszak Cassandre , de Vries-Brilland Manon , Seegers Valérie , Baroin Céline , Kieffer Helene , Delva Remy , Cornuault-Foubert Delphine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Iron deficiency (ID) is very common in patients with solid tumors and may cause symptoms such as fatigue. However, its impact on clinical outcomes is poorly described. The aim of this prospective monocentric cohort study was to evaluate the evolution of quality of life (QoL) of these patients after iron supplementation.

Methods
We included patients treated for a solid tumor, which were diagnosed with a functional (ferritin &lt;800 ng/mL) or absolute (ferritin &lt;300 ng/mL) ID (transferrin saturation coefficient &lt;20%). The primary endpoint was patients’ QoL evolution between baseline and intermediate visit, 15-30 days after initial intravenous iron supplementation, assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) scale. Secondary endpoints were the same assessment between baseline, intermediate, and final visit at 6 months and the evolution of functional capacities.

Results
From 02/2014 to 12/2016, 248 patients were enrolled, of whom 186 were included in the analyses, including 140/186 (75.3%) with absolute ID. Anemia was detected in 141/174 (81.0%) patients at baseline. The FACT-An scores improved significantly between inclusion and intermediate visit (P = .001) and also between the 3 times of evaluation (P &lt; .001). The most improved dimensions were those assessing physical, emotional well-being, and fatigue. Patients who performed the functional tests in all 3 phases had a significant improvement in performance on the majority of tests.

Conclusion
The supplementation of ID was associated with an improvement of the QoL and functional capacities in patients with cancer. A randomized control trial is necessary to confirm our results. Our findings underline the importance of supportive care, including screening for ID, in oncology.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT03625661.