bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic antimicrobial activity of TZP4 with conventional antibiotics against antibiotic‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Kumar S. Dinesh , Ajish Chelladurai , Lee Chul Won , Shin Sung‐Heui , Yang Sungtae , Bang Jeong Kyu , Shin Song Yub 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe recently synthesized a triazine‐derived amphipathic molecule, TZP4, which has potent antimicrobial activity against antibiotic‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ARPA). Here, we investigated the synergistic antimicrobial effect of TZP4 in combination with four different conventional antibiotics each representing a distinct mechanism against ARPA. Checkerboard assay and time‐kill assays showed that the potent synergistic antimicrobial activity was observed only in TZP4/chloramphenicol and TZP4/ciprofloxacin combinations. Flow cytometry analysis for these combinations demonstrated that the synergistic antimicrobial activity was due to the increased permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. In addition, TZP4 was able to prevent and eradicate biofilms, which are one of the primary reasons for drug resistance caused by ARPA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that TZP4 significantly reduced mature ARPA biofilm biomass. Overall, our findings suggest that TZP4 is a potential adjuvant to antimicrobial chemotherapy and a potential antibiofilm agent to treat infections caused by ARPA.
Fabrication of heteroatom doped cobalt catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in alkaline medium
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Rim Hyung‐Ryul , Sun Ho‐Jung , Lee Hong‐Ki , Shim Joongpyo , Park Gyungse 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of heteroatom doped cobalt (Ni@Co/C) prepared from a porous metal–organic framework as the cathode material for the rechargeable zinc–air batteries has been demonstrated. The Ni@Co/C‐modified electrode showed an excellent catalytic activity toward oxidation–reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reactions. The Co/C catalysts, which were Co particle impregnated on graphitic carbon powders, were synthesized after the calcination of Co3 (SDA)3(DMF)2 precursor, and then Ni deposition (Ni@Co/C) was followed on it by chemical reduction. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement indicates that Ni@Co/C‐H800, which had Ni particles on Co/C derived from MOF at 800 °C under N2, exhibited excellent performance. The stable charging/discharging profiles at 20 mA cm−2 of current were obtained for the 350 h in alkaline medium, suggesting Ni@Co/C‐H800 as a potential candidate for oxidation–reduction and evolution reactions.
Changes in adiposity over the life course and gene expression in postmenopausal women
Authors: Han Yunan , Colditz Graham A. , Toriola Adetunji T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly life adiposity and changes in adiposity over the life course are associated with mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown; therefore, we comprehensively examined the associations of early life body mass index (BMI) and changes in BMI from ages 10, 18 to age at mammogram with growth factor, RANK pathway, and sex hormone gene expression in 372 postmenopausal women.MethodsWe estimated early life BMI at age 10 using the validated 9‐level Stunkard pictogram. We calculated BMI at other ages (18, 30, and current age at mammogram) by dividing weight in kilograms at these ages with height in meters squared. Sequencing for gene expression was performed using the NanoString nCounter system. After adjusting for confounders, we estimated associations using multivariable linear regressions.ResultsA 10 kg/m2 increase in early life BMI at age 10 was associated with a 17.2% decrease in RANKL gene expression (95% confidence interval [CI] = −30.8, −0.9) but was not associated with changes in other markers. BMI changes from ages 10, 18 to age at mammogram were associated with an increase in BMP2 and decreases in RANK, RANKL, and TNFRSF13B gene expression but were not associated with gene expression of other markers. A 10 kg/m2 increase in early life BMI from age 10 to current age was associated with a 7.8% increase in BMP2 (95% CI = −1.4, 17.8), an 8.5% decrease in RANK (95% CI = −13.9, −2.8), a 10.4% decrease in RANKL (95% CI = −16.9, −3.3), and an 8.5% decrease in TNFRSF13B gene expression (95% CI = −13.8, −2.8).ConclusionThe results provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the associations of adiposity changes from early life to adulthood and early life adiposity with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women.
Pediatric osmotic demyelination syndrome in a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Chaudhary Ashlesha , Chaudhary Aashutosh , Yadav Radhay Shyam , Shrestha Yashaswi , Shah Ritu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCautious treatment of hyponatremia in diabetic ketoacidosis is necessary in order to avoid the development of osmotic demyelination syndrome which is a demyelinating disorder. Individualized supportive therapy would be fruitful for the management of such cases but there is a need for larger studies to guide the management.
Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Ligand‐Supported Alkyl Aluminum Cations
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Pei , Liu Chao‐An , Wen Chu‐Chiao , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lin Ya‐Fan , Chiu Ching‐Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlkyl aluminum cations have shown high Lewis acidity and capability of catalyzing challenging organic transformations, however, the related chiral catalyst is scarcely documented. Herein, we report the generation of a series of weakly solvated or Lewis base‐stabilized alkyl aluminum cationic complexes bearing chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands. The increase of steric hindrances at the ligand backbone and the aluminum center were found to significantly increase the complex stability. In the Gutmann–Beckett experiment and fluoride ion affinity calculation, these complexes display Lewis acidity greater than B(C6F5)3 and the reported tetra‐coordinate aluminum cation. Preliminary catalytic studies revealed that the aluminum cation catalysts can effectively promote hydroboration of ketone and hydrosilylation of un‐activated olefin, despite only poor ee values were obtained.
P‐Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Transporter Inhibition by Cyclosporine and Quinidine on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rimegepant in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Collins Julie L. , Stringfellow Joseph , Madonia Jennifer , Anderson Matt S. , Finley Jeri‐anne , Stock David A. , Coric Vladimir , Croop Robert , Bertz Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRimegepant (Nurtec ODT)—an orally administered, small‐molecule calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist indicated for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine—is a substrate for both the P‐glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein transporters in vitro. We evaluated the effects of concomitant administration of strong inhibitors of these transporters on the pharmacokinetics of rimegepant in healthy subjects. This single‐center, open‐label, randomized study was conducted in 2 parts, both of which were 2‐period, 2‐sequence, crossover studies. Part 1 (n = 15) evaluated the effect of a single oral dose of 200‐mg cyclosporine, a strong inhibitor of the P‐glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein transporters, on the pharmacokinetics of rimegepant 75 mg. Part 2 (n = 12) evaluated the effect of a single oral dose of 600‐mg quinidine, a strong selective P‐glycoprotein transporter, on the pharmacokinetics of rimegepant 75 mg. Coadministration with cyclosporine showed an increase in rimegepant area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity and maximum observed concentration based on geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.6 (1.49‐1.72) and 1.41 (1.27‐1.57), respectively, versus rimegepant alone. Coadministration with quinidine showed an increase in rimegepant area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity and maximum observed concentration geometric mean ratios (90% CIs) of 1.55 (1.40‐1.72) and 1.67 (1.46‐1.91), respectively, versus rimegepant alone. Strong P‐glycoprotein inhibitors (cyclosporine, quinidine) increased rimegepant exposures (>50%, <2‐fold). In parts 1 and 2, rimegepant coadministration was well tolerated and safe. The similar effect of cyclosporine and quinidine coadministration on rimegepant exposure suggests that inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein inhibition may have less influence on rimegepant exposure.
Evolution of Chemical Research in Nice, Côte d′Azur: From Early Laboratories to the ‘Institut de Chimie de Nice’
Authors: Gal Jean‐François , Maria Pierre‐Charles , Duñach Elisabet , Meierhenrich Uwe J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ‘Institut de Chimie de Nice’ (ICN), founded in 2012, celebrates its 10th anniversary in 2022. Today, the ICN is part of the University Côte d'Azur (UCA), one out of nine excellence universities in France. ICN is also affiliated to the CNRS. We use the institute's anniversary to reflect on the origins and the successful evolution of research in chemical sciences in Nice, France. We outline research topics and their development towards modern chemistry in Nice that are characterized by innovation and territorial anchoring. At present, four research axes, namely aroma and perfume chemistry, medicinal chemistry, radiochemistry, and material chemistry structure the institute. ICN has created five start‐up companies and includes a technological platform. The ICN is central part of the university and contributes to the advancement in chemical sciences as evidenced by both fundamental research and active contributions to local partnerships.
Redox‐Active Hydrocarbons: Isolation and Structural Determination of Cationic States toward Advanced Response Systems
Authors: Harimoto Takashi , Ishigaki Yusuke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic chemistry has developed rapidly as a carbon‐based science. Particularly, hydrocarbons with aromatic rings have attracted much attention as molecular materials for use in organic electronics. In principle, aromatic species can be constructed if carbon and hydrogen atoms are available. Therefore, revealing the nature of pure hydrocarbons with an (anti)aromatic nature should pave the way for the development of as yet unexplored organic materials. In this Review, we focus on pure hydrocarbons composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, and present recent studies on their intrinsic electrochemical and spectroscopic properties and structural characterization of their cationic states. We also address more sophisticated hydrocarbon‐based response systems that are capable of modulating their properties in response to external stimuli such as light, heat, and electric potential.
Model predictive control of solar photovoltaic‐based microgrid with composite energy storage
Authors: Majji Ravi Kumar , Prakash Mishra Jyoti , Dongre Ashish A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe renewable energy (e.g., solar photovoltaic)‐based grid‐connected microgrid (MG) with composite energy storage system (CESS) is feasible to ensure sustainable and quality power to the commercial and domestic load demands. Effective control systems provide the dynamic performance of such deployed MGs. This paper investigates the application of the finite control‐set model predictive controller (FCS‐MPC) for solar photovoltaic‐based grid‐connected MGs with composite energy storage. FCS‐MPC considers the discrete nature of interfacing (DC–AC and DC–DC) converters into the control algorithm to predict the optimal control command for reference current tracking. Compared to classical control approaches, FCS‐MPC provides a fast‐dynamic response, discards the modulation stage, and effectively handles the effects of dynamic source and load variations and nonlinear loads. The control system encapsulates a proportional–integral (PI) controller, low‐pass filter (LPF), power management algorithm (PMA) unit, and followed by the FCS‐MPC approach. The CESS unit consists of a battery and supercapacitor storage system. The efficacy of the FCS‐MPC approach is verified through the MATLAB/Simulink results. Solar photovoltaic variation due to irradiance, utility grid availability, electricity pricing, and dynamic load variations are considered in the implementation. Furthermore, real‐time simulation of the proposed method is validated using OPAL‐RT OP4510 real‐time simulator.
The origin of boulders in the Neoproterozoic of Eastern Sayan Ranges, south‐west Siberia: Glacial transport versus winnowed concretions
Authors: Aleksandrov Dmitrii 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Cryogenian geological record of Siberia is scarce and ambiguous. Late Neoproterozoic strata of presumed glaciogenic origin of the Marnya Formation, Oselok Group cropping out along the Uda River in the Eastern Sayan Ranges, south‐western Siberia has received considerable attention due to the presence of at least three distinctive diamictite units. The lower diamictite unit (Karapchetui Member) is in subvertical contact (previously interpreted as a glacial valley) with stratigraphically older strata of the Tagul and Ipsit formations of the Karagas Group, and is represented by a wedge‐shaped unit of breccia that hosts numerous ellipsoidal sandstone bodies (previously thought to be boulders). The boulders are here reinterpreted as early diagenetic quartz and feldspar‐cemented sandstone concretions exhumed and redeposited from the Ipsit Formation when the latter was still uncemented and easily erodible. Tectonic compression, reverse faulting and localised continuous syndepositional uplift led to exhumation of the concretions, whereas subsequent extension, reactivation of the fault and ‘negative inversion’ of the basin produced accommodation space for redeposition of the exhumed concretions. In the process of redeposition, exfoliating concretions produced abundant debris that provided clasts for the breccia deposit. The Karapchetui diamictite, therefore, can serve as a sedimentary archive of late Neoproterozoic tectonic activity at the south‐western margin of the Siberian Craton.
Tentative identification of in vitro metabolites of O‐acetylpsilocin (psilacetin, 4‐AcO‐DMT) by UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS
Authors: Zhai Wenya , Li Le , Zhao Junbo , Xiang Ping , Liu Mengxi , Shi Yan , Dang Yonghui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract4‐Acetoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (4‐AcO‐DMT, psilacetin, O‐acetylpsilocin) is a synthetic tryptamine with psychedelic properties. Psilacetin may also act as precursor drug of psilocin, similar to psilocybin, but little is known about its metabolism. In this study, the phase I and phase II in vitro metabolism of 4‐AcO‐DMT was investigated with pooled human liver microsomes, and the reaction mixture was analyzed using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry. Fifteen metabolites were formed after incubation of pooled human liver microsomes with 4‐AcO‐DMT (12 phase I metabolites and 3 phase II metabolites). The proposed metabolite structures were based on accurate mass analysis and MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The biotransformations included hydrolysis, hydroxylation, N‐demethylation, oxidation, and conjugation with glucuronic acid. The hydrolysis metabolite was the most abundant compound. For the development of new methods for the identification of 4‐AcO‐DMT consumption, the beta‐hydroxylation metabolite of 4‐AcO‐DMT (M2‐1) is recommended as a biomarker. The data reported in this work might be applicable to metabolic transformation of 4‐AcO‐DMT in vivo and also forensically helpful.
The effect of habitat and human disturbance on the spatiotemporal activity of two urban carnivores: The results of an intensive camera trap study
Authors: Lovell Connor , Li Shiya , Turner Jessica , Carbone Chris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith rising urbanization, the presence of urban wildlife is becoming more common, increasing the need for wildlife‐friendly spaces in urban planning. Despite this, understanding is limited to how wildlife exploits urban environments and interacts with human populations, and this is vital to our ability to manage and conserve wildlife in urban habitats. Here, we investigate how two urban mammal species, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the European badger (Meles meles), exploit urban environments. Using intensive camera trap surveys, we assessed how habitat and human disturbance influenced the spatiotemporal activity of these species across south‐west London. Firstly, we found elevated activity levels of both species at boundaries and within built‐up areas, suggesting movement paths follow anthropogenic features. However, badgers were most active in woodland, indicating the importance of high cover habitats suitable for setts and foraging. Secondly, we found badger activity levels were negatively affected by human activity, whilst foxes were unaffected. Further investigation suggested foxes may adapt their activity patterns to avoid human disturbance, with badger activity patterns less plastic. Whilst the results of this study are useful for both the conservation and management of urban wildlife populations, these results also show potential factors which either facilitate or limit wildlife from fully exploiting urban environments.
The role of oxygen and electron donors in indole biodegradation and mineralization
Authors: Li Xian , Shan Shunan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndole is a recalcitrant compound whose aerobic biodegradation is triggered by a mono‐oxygenation process. Generally, the mono‐oxygenation process involves intracellular electron carriers and molecular oxygen as co‐substrates; the increase of concentrations for either one can accelerate the biotransformation of refractory substances. In this study, the initial biotransformation of indole proved to be a special mono‐oxygenation reaction, neither endogenous nor exogenous electron donors have influences on indole biodegradation. However, oxygen plays a significant role in indole mono‐oxygenation. Higher dissolved oxygen led to a faster rate of indole biodegradation. As the product of indole mono‐oxygenation, unstable indoxyl indirectly turned out to exist by its tautomer 2‐oxindole. Intermediates like isatin, N‐formylanthranilic acid, and anthranilic acid were confirmed. In addition, coupling biodegradation with UV photolysis accelerated indole mineralization, and longer photolysis time gave faster TOC removal. This is because the supplement of endogenous electron donors by photolysis could enhance the catabolism of isatin and anthranilic acid, thus promoting indole mineralization. The biodegradation of these two intermediates was further verified to be initiated by donor‐requiring steps, so the photolytic products which generated labile electron donors could accelerate their oxygenations. This study provides valuable information on further controlling the process of aerobic biodegradation for indole.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes after new‐onset seizure among Zambian children with HIV during the antiretroviral therapy era
Authors: Ravishankar Mathura , Dallah Ifunanya , Mathews Manoj , Bositis Christopher M. , Mwenechanya Musaku , Kalungwana‐Mambwe Lisa , Bearden David , Navis Allison , Elafros Melissa A. , Gelbard Harris , Theodore William H. , Koralnik Igor J. , Okulicz Jason F. , Johnson Brent A. , Belessiotis Clara , Ciccone Ornella , Thornton Natalie , Tsuboyama Melissa , Siddiqi Omar K. , Potchen Michael J. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Birbeck Gretchen L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes clinical profiles including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease history and seizure etiology among children living with HIV presenting with new‐onset seizure during the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zambia. 30‐day mortality and cause of death are also reported.MethodsChildren living with HIV (CLWHIV) with new‐onset seizures were prospectively evaluated at one large urban teaching hospital and two non‐urban healthcare facilities. Interviews with family members, review of medical records, and where needed, verbal autopsies were undertaken. Two clinicians who were not responsible for the patients' care independently reviewed all records and assigned seizure etiology and cause of death with adjudication as needed.ResultsFrom April 2016 to June 2019, 73 children (49 urban, 24 rural) were identified. Median age was 6 years (IQR 2.2‐10.0) and 39 (53%) were male children. Seizures were focal in 36 (49%) and were often severe, with 37% presenting with multiple recurrent seizures in the 24 hours before admission or in status epilepticus. Although 36 (49%) were on ART at enrollment, only 7 of 36 (19%) were virally suppressed. Seizure etiologies were infectious in over half (54%), with HIV encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, and tuberculous meningitis being the most common. Metabolic causes (19%) included renal failure and hypoglycemia. Structural lesions identified on imaging accounted for 10% of etiologies and included stroke and non‐accidental trauma. No etiology could be identified in 12 (16%) children, most of whom died before the completion of clinical investigations. Twenty‐two (30%) children died within 30 days of the index seizure.SignificanceDespite widespread ART roll out in Zambia, new‐onset seizure in CLWHIV occurs in the setting of advanced, active HIV disease. Seizure severity/burden is high as is early mortality. Enhanced programs to assure early ART initiation, improve adherence, and address ART failure are needed to reduce the burden of neurological injury and premature death in CLWHIV.
Colloidal polypyrrole as binder for silicon anode in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Avcı Yayla Işık İpek , Yuca Neslihan , Sezer Esma , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkıs 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilicon (Si)‐based anodes have limited application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to the loss of contact with current collector because of large volume change during lithiation and delithiation processes. In this study, pyrrole (Py) was polymerized chemically by cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and conductive colloidal polypyrrole (Col‐PPy) was obtained in one step in N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF). To overcome problems during the volume change, Col‐PPy was then used as polymeric binder with Si nanoparticle (SiNP) in Si‐anode and it called as “Col‐PPy/SiNP.” In order to improve the cyclability and capacity of Si‐anodes, Col‐PPy solution was used also together with polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). These Si‐anodes were further analyzed with cycle tests and combined cycle tests at different rates (C‐rate) in half cells and scanning electron microscopy images of electrodes were taken before and after cycling. All results suggested that as an anode for LIB, Col‐PPy/SiNP exhibited high reversible capacity (2617 mAh/g at C/10 [0.42 A/g]) and good cycling performance (reversible capacity of 1400 mAh/g after 189 cycles at C/3 [1.4 A/g]).