bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting Energetic Nitropyrazole and Nitrobenzene Moieties with C−C Bonds using Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction: A Novel Route to Thermally Stable Energetic Materials
Authors: Pandey Krishna , Bhatia Prachi , Dolui Pritam , Ghule Vikas D. , Kumar Dheeraj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work describes a new route to thermally stable energetic materials by connecting different types of energetic moieties (nitropyrazole and polynitrobenzene) with C−C bonds, where the first step involves a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction between 4‐bromo‐3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole and 4‐chlorophenylboronic acid. Further nitration, amination, oxidation, and salt formation reactions on the resulting C−C coupled framework resulted in various thermally stable energetic materials. All the compounds were fully characterized using IR, NMR [1H, 13C{1H}], differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis, and HRMS studies. Compounds 7 and 9 were further characterized by 15N NMR, and compounds 3 and 6 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Theoretical heats of formation and energetic performance for all the energetic compounds were calculated using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5 v6.06 programs, respectively. This research introduces a novel method for synthesizing C−C coupled energetic materials that are not accessible by any other routes.
Phthalimide‐tethered imidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, enzyme inhibitory properties, and in silico studies
Authors: Yiğit Murat , Demir Yeliz , Barut Celepci Duygu , Taskin‐Tok Tuğba , Arınç Ali , Yiğit Beyhan , Aygün Muhittin , Özdemir İsmail , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA series of new imidazolium salts were prepared in good yield by the reaction between 1‐alkylimidazole and a variety of alkyl halides. The structures of the compounds were identified by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of 1b was determined by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The phthalimide‐tethered imidazolium salts exhibited inhibition abilities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) I and II, with Ki values in the range of 24.63 ± 3.45 to 305.51 ± 35.98 nM for AChE, 33.56 ± 3.71 to 218.01 ± 25.21 nM for hCA I and 17.75 ± 0.96 to 308.67 ± 13.73 nM for hCA II. The results showed that the new imidazolium salts can play a key role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, and leukemia, which is related to their inhibition abilities of hCA I, hCA II, and AChE. Molecular docking and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies were used to look into how the imidazolium salts interacted with the specific protein targets. To better visualize and understand the binding positions and the influence of the imidazolium salts on hCA I, hCA II, and AChE conformations, each one was subjected to molecular docking simulations.
Nanowarming of vitrified pancreatic islets as a cryopreservation technology for transplantation
Authors: Wakabayashi Taisei , Kaneko Masahiro , Nakai Tomoki , Horie Masanobu , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Masazumi , Tanoue Shota , Ito Akira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiobanking of pancreatic islets for transplantation could solve the shortage of donors, and cryopreservation of vitrified islets is a possible approach. However, a technological barrier is rewarming of large volumes both uniformly and rapidly to prevent ice formation due to devitrification. Here, we describe successful recovery of islets from the vitrified state using a volumetric rewarming technology called “nanowarming,” which is inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field. Convective warming using a 37°C water bath as the gold standard for rewarming of vitrified samples resulted in a decrease in the viability of mouse islets in large volumes (>1 ml) owing to devitrification caused by slow warming. Nanowarming showed uniform and rapid rewarming of vitrified islets in large volumes. The viability of nanowarmed islets was significantly improved and islets transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice successfully lowered serum glucose. The results suggest that nanowarming will lead to a breakthrough in biobanking of islets for transplantation.
Updates on biogas enrichment and purification methods: A review
Authors: Oliveira Lígia Gomes , Cremonez Paulo André , Machado Bruna , da Silva Eliane Soares , Silva Felipe Eduardo Bueno , Corrêa Gean Carlo Gosch , Lopez Thiago Fernando Magrini , Alves Helton José 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe market for biogas production has been increasing every year all over the world. The use of biogas as an energy vector is accomplished through the most diverse applications, such as direct burning (thermal energy), internal combustion engines, and fuel cells. Besides direct applications, biogas can be used as a raw material for producing high added‐value products, such as molecular hydrogen and renewable hydrocarbons, through a new enterprise concept, the biorefineries. Purity and quality control are determinant factors that enable the decision‐making regarding the end use of biogas. Physical, chemical, and biological methods can be used in biogas upgrading processes as well as a combination of different techniques. This review aims to deepen the knowledge about relevant technologies for biogas purification. It also addresses the most efficient and feasible methods, challenges to be overcome, and main demands for future studies. Therefore, the presentation, in a detailed way, of the synergistic effects caused by components contained in natural biogas and the combinatorial methods for removing these contaminants, differentiates this from other works that approach only the purification techniques but do not point out their problems and causes more comprehensively. Thus, studies related to the combined effects of contaminants would be interesting in future works.
Comparative analysis of heat‐stress‐induced abscisic acid and heat shock protein responses among pea varieties
Authors: Huang Shaoming , Zhang Haixia , Purves Randy W. , Bueckert Rosalind , Tar'an Bunyamin , Warkentin Thomas D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) and abscisic acid (ABA) play important roles in plant heat responses but have not been extensively studied in pea (Pisum sativum L.), whose heat susceptibility is well known. In this study, four pea varieties varying in heat tolerance based on field trials were evaluated. Plants were heat stressed for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h at 38 °C before pollination. Anther and stipule RNA from the same flowering node were sampled for transcriptional profiling of PsHSP18.1 and PsHSP71.2. Additional stipules were sampled for the quantification of ABA concentration and its five key catabolites from the four major ABA catabolic pathways by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐SRM/MS). The transcription of both HSP genes was upregulated because of heat stress (HS). In stipules, the upregulation was greatest at 3 h HS, whereas in anthers, the induced transcription was similar among different hours of HS. Likewise, more ABA accumulated in the ABA metabolism pool because of HS, and the ABA response started rapidly after 3 h of treatment. Heat‐tolerant varieties had a higher ABA synthesis and turnover rate at 3 h HS than their respective heat‐susceptible counterparts. This study provides new insights into different heat tolerance among Canadian pea varieties regarding HSP and ABA hormone regulation.
Heterogeneity in the size of the apical surface of cortical progenitors
Authors: Badouel Caroline , Audouard Christophe , Davy Alice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground: The apical surface (AS) of epithelial cells is highly specialized; it is important for morphogenetic processes that are essential to shape organs and tissues and it plays a role in morphogen and growth factor signaling. Apical progenitors in the mammalian neocortex are pseudoepithelial cells whose apical surface lines the ventricle. Whether changes in their apical surface sizes are important for cortical morphogenesis and/or other aspects of neocortex development has not been thoroughly addressed.Results: Here we show that apical progenitors are heterogeneous with respect to their apical surface area. In Efnb1 mutants, the size of the apical surface is modified and this correlates with discrete alterations of tissue organization without impacting apical progenitors proliferation.Conclusions: Altogether, our data reveal heterogeneity in apical progenitors AS area in the developing neocortex and shows a role for Ephrin B1 in controlling AS size. Our study also indicates that changes in AS size do not have strong repercussion on apical progenitor behavior.
Experimental study of molten bubble layer growth and bubble size distribution in post‐flame‐spread PMMA samples
Authors: Hossain Sarzina , Wichman Indrek , Miller Fletcher , Olson Sandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough thermoplastics possess many desirable traits as solidified materials, they are combustible and burn readily. Post burning samples of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are the focus of this study. During flame spread, PMMA forms a bubble containing molten surface layer that influences the spread rate and the surface mass efflux. This study examines the formation and distribution of bubbles inside a PMMA sample that has previously been subjected to flame spread and then re‐hardened into its solid state. Experiments discussed herein were conducted in a Narrow Channel Apparatus (NCA), which reduces the influences of gravitation (buoyancy) on flame spread. Bubble sizes and counts were determined using digital image analysis (DIA). The burnt samples were analyzed by dividing sample images into eight equal area sections. Frequency distributions of bubble size (area) were compared. Distribution functions were fitted against the empirical probability density function (PDF) for the bubble size distribution. The log‐normal distribution predicts the bubble size distribution for all segments. The bubble distribution function can be used to describe physical processes inside the polymeric material as it undergoes thermal transformation by the spreading flame.
Isolation and characterization of antioxidant peptides from oyster (Crassostrea rivularis) protein enzymatic hydrolysates
Authors: Huang Hui , Cen Jianwei , Yang Daqiao , Li Laihao , Li Chunsheng , Yang Xianqing , Wang Yueqi , Hu Xiao , Wang Jinxu , Cai Qiuxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeptides from oysters have several bioactive functions. In this study, we identified antioxidant peptides from oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) and investigated their structure–function relationship. We used an 8 kDa molecular‐weight (MW) cut‐off membrane and semiprep reversed‐phase liquid chromatography to collect five peptides (F1–F5) and identified the highest‐abundance ion‐peak sequences AWVDY (F1), MSFRFY(F2), EPLRY(F3), RKPPWPP(F4), and YAKRCFR(F5) having MWs of 652, 850, 676, 877, and 943 Da, respectively, using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. These peptides exhibited high antioxidant activities, similar to butylated hydroxytoluene, reduced glutathione, and ascorbic acid. F5 demonstrated the highest scavenging activity for DPPH radicals (IC50 = 21.75 μg/ml), hydroxyl radicals (IC50 = 18.75 μg/ml), and superoxide radicals (IC50 = 11.00 μg/ml), while F3 demonstrated the highest reducing power. Furthermore, F5 significantly protected Caco‐2 cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that the antioxidant peptide F5 is a promising food additive that protects against oxidative damage.
Evaluation of the acute toxicity and 28‐days subacute toxicity of the alcoholic extract from Ganoderma leucocontextum
Authors: Deng Shizhan , AGA Er‐bu , Xie Hongjun , Xiong Hai , Ye Bengui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGanoderma leucocontextum is a well‐known traditional medicine in Tibet Autonomous Region, which has benefits, such as anti‐hypoxia, neurotrophic action on nerves, easing coughs and relieving asthma, strengthening the body and prolonging life. However, few research have focused on its negative effects, possibly jeopardizing its safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of an alcoholic extract from G. leucocontextum (GLA) in vivo. The phytochemical characterization analysis showed that alcoholic extract from G. leucocontextum were rich in polysaccharides, triterpenoids. Then, in acute oral toxicity, male and female mice from Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were orally administered with 16 g/kg GLA and were observed for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity, male and female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered with 2, 4, and 8 g/kg doses of GLA for 28 days. There was no death or clinical changes in male and female mice in the acute toxicity test. During the subacute toxicity test, the difference in body weights, food consumption, biochemical and hematological parameters, and organ coefficients between treated and control groups were unrelated to GLA treatment. The obtained data show that the GLA had no significant toxic effects when administered orally to male and female rats in acute and subacute toxicity.
Experimental study on the effect of simulated grass and stem coverage on resistance coefficient of overland flow
Authors: Cen Youdong , Zhang Kuandi , Peng Yong , Rubinato Matteo , Liu Juanjuan , Ling Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVegetation plays a significant role in preventing desertification, conservation of soil and water. However, nowadays, there is still uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of flow resistance caused by dissimilar vegetation covers. To address this gap, a series of these was conducted in this study to investigate the influence of synthetic grass and stems on the variation of resistance on overland flows. Thirty vegetation configurations were selected (combining five synthetic grass coverage options and six synthetic stem coverage ones), and tested against five unit discharges (flow range = 0.28–2.22 L m−1 s−1) and four slope gradients (3.49%–20.78%). The results obtained showed that the unit discharge is the key driving factor for the transition from laminar to transitional flow. Furthermore, the relationship between the resistance coefficient (f) and the Reynolds number (Re) was not monotonically increasing or decreasing, but behaviours observed were specifically linked to each vegetation coverage. However, a critical coverage threshold was identified, and it corresponded to 2.72% when the slope gradient tested was 3.49%. This threshold decreased with the increase of the slope gradient. In addition, when the vegetation coverage was less than the critical threshold, the f was negatively correlated with Re, otherwise if the vegetation coverage was higher than the critical threshold identified the f–Re relation was positively correlated. The total flow resistance under synthetic grass and stem cover was unequal to the linear superposition of grain resistance and form resistance caused by synthetic stem and grass, which meant that the linear superposition approach is not applicable to overland flows. Finally, a model was developed to predict the flow resistance by applying the π‐theorem and the multiple nonlinear regression analysis and it has been validated against the experimental results confirming its accuracy and high performance (adj.R2 = 0.99, NSE = 0.94).
Functional Testing of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Pathway Variants Identified on Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Patient with Delayed-Onset Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Using ACVR1R206H-Specific Human Cellular and Zebrafish Models
Authors: Wentworth Kelly L. , Lalonde Robert L. , Groppe Jay C. , Brewer Niambi , Moody Tania , Hansberry Steven , Taylor Kimberly E. , Shore Eileen M. , Kaplan Frederick S. , Pignolo Robert J. , Yelick Pamela C. , Hsiao Edward C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is critical in skeletal development. Overactivation can trigger heterotopic ossification (HO) as in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare, progressive disease of massive HO formation. A small subset of FOP patients harboring the causative ACVR1R206H mutation show strikingly mild or delayed-onset HO, suggesting that genetic variants in the BMP pathway could act as disease modifiers. Whole-exome sequencing of one such patient identified BMPR1AR443C and ACVR2AV173I as candidate modifiers. Molecular modeling predicted significant structural perturbations. Neither variant decreased BMP signaling in ACVR1R206H HEK 293T cells at baseline or after stimulation with BMP4 or activin A (AA), ligands that activate ACVR1R206H signaling. Overexpression of BMPR1AR443C in a Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) embryonic zebrafish model, in which overactive BMP signaling yields ventralized embryos, did not alter ventralization severity, while ACVR2AV173I exacerbated ventralization. Co-expression of both variants did not affect dorsoventral patterning. In contrast, BMPR1A knockdown in ACVR1R206H HEK cells decreased ligand-stimulated BMP signaling but did not affect dorsoventral patterning in Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish. ACVR2A knockdown decreased only AA-stimulated signaling in ACVR1R206H HEK cells and had no effect in Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish. Co-knockdown in ACVR1R206H HEK cells decreased basal and ligand-stimulated signaling, and co-knockdown/knockout (bmpr1aa/ab; acvr2aa/ab) decreased Tg(ACVR1-R206Ha) zebrafish ventralization phenotypes. Our functional studies showed that knockdown of wild-type BMPR1A and ACVR2A could attenuate ACVR1R206H signaling, particularly in response to AA, and that ACVR2AV173I unexpectedly increased ACVR1R206H-mediated signaling in zebrafish. These studies describe a useful strategy and platform for functionally interrogating potential genes and genetic variants that may impact the BMP signaling pathway. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
New insights into cellular links between sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and ketogenesis
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Butler Alexandra E. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a newly developed class of highly effective antidiabetic therapies that normalize hyperglycemia via urinary glucose excretion. However, they may be accompanied by certain side effects that negatively impact their therapeutic benefits. SGLT2is induce a metabolic shift from glucose to fatty acids and thus increase lipolysis which, in turn, induces ketogenesis. The complete pathways linking SGLT2is to ketoacidosis have not yet been fully elucidated, though much is now known. Therefore, in this mechanistic study, we present the current knowledge and shed light upon the possible cellular pathways involved. A deeper understanding of the possible links between SGLT2is and ketogenesis could help to prevent adverse side effects in diabetic patients treated with these drugs.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0018189 drives non‐small cell lung cancer growth by sequestering miR‐656‐3p and enhancing xCT expression
Authors: Cai Jianfeng , Zheng Yiping , Dong Lie , Zhang Xiangbin , Huang Yinghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the cancers with a high mortality rate. CircRNAs have emerged as an important regulatory factor in tumorigenesis in recent years. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of a circular RNA cullin 2 (hsa_circ_0018189; hsa_circ_0018189) is still unclear in NSCLC.MethodsRNA levels of hsa_circ_0018189, microRNA (miR)‐656–3p, and Solute carrier family seven member 11 (SLC7A11, xCT) were analyzed by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and protein level was assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical assay. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect cell glutamine metabolism. Effects of hsa_circ_0018189 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were analyzed by corresponding assays. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA‐immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the target relationship between miR‐656‐3p and hsa_circ_0018189 or xCT. The in vivo function of hsa_circ_0018189 was verified by xenograft mouse models.ResultsHsa_circ_0018189 abundance was overexpressed in NSCLC cells and samples. Deficiency of hsa_circ_0018189 lowered NSCLC cell proliferative, migrating, invading, and glutamine metabolism capacities, and hsa_circ_0018189 silencing inhibited the growth of tumors in vivo. Hsa_circ_0018189 could up‐regulate xCT by sponging miR‐656‐3p. And miR‐656‐3p downregulation or xCT overexpression partly overturned hsa_circ_0018189 knockdown or miR‐656‐3p mimic‐mediated repression of NSCLC cell malignancy.ConclusionHsa_circ_0018189 drove NSCLC growth by interacting with miR‐656‐3p and upregulating xCT.
A tale of two populations: vital rates of fishers in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lofroth Eric C. , Weir Richard D. , Davis Larry R. , Hansen Ingebjorg Jean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFishers (Pekania pennanti) are a forest‐dependent carnivore of conservation concern in British Columbia, Canada. Ecological, spatial, and genetic evidence suggests that there are 2 distinct populations (Boreal and Columbian) that occur in forests at low to moderate elevations in the boreal and central interior regions of the province. In British Columbia, fishers occur at low densities relative to other parts of their range in North America, are trapped for their fur, and are sensitive to habitat change. Despite these factors, little demographic information exists to assist with management decisions for these populations. We collated and analyzed survival and reproductive data from 100 radio‐tagged fishers from 5 independent studies conducted between 1990 and 2012 in British Columbia: 2 in the Boreal population, and 3 in the Columbian population. We also collated litter size data from 1 den box study and a translocation project of fishers from the Columbian population. Annual survival rates were not significantly different between the populations or between males and females; however, adult survival rates were higher than subadults (0.79 and 0.63, respectively). Subadult females had significantly lower survival rates than other sex or age classes. Reproductive rates were significantly different between the 2 populations (denning rate = 0.54 [Columbian], 0.82 [Boreal]; litter size = 1.7 [Columbian], 2.6 [Boreal]). These differences resulted in net reproductive rates in the Columbian population that were less than half of those in the Boreal population (0.92 kits/reproductive season compared to 2.13, respectively). Population growth rates suggest that the Columbian population may have been declining during the studies, whereas the Boreal population may have been increasing (0.96 compared to 1.20). Consequently, we suggest that focused and intensive habitat and population management for fishers are needed in British Columbia to ensure population sustainability, particularly for the Columbian population.