bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training in Tendon Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review on Intervention Parameters, Physiological Effects, and Outcomes
Authors: Burton Ian , McCormack Aisling 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo identify current evidence on blood flow restriction training (BFRT) in tendon injuries and healthy tendons, evaluating physiological tendon effects, intervention parameters, and outcomes.MethodsThis scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane library (Controlled trials, Systematic reviews), and five trial registries. Two independent reviewers screened studies at title/abstract and full text. Following screening, data was extracted and charted, and presented as figures and tables alongside a narrative synthesis. Any study design conducted on adults, investigating the effects of BFRT on healthy tendons or tendon pathology were included. Data were extracted on physiological tendon effects, intervention parameters and outcomes with BFRT.ResultsThirteen studies were included, three on tendinopathy, two on tendon ruptures, and eight on healthy Achilles, patellar, and supraspinatus tendons. A variety of outcomes were assessed, including pain, function, strength, and tendon morphological and mechanical properties, particularly changes in tendon thickness. BFRT intervention parameters were heterogeneously prescribed.ConclusionDespite a dearth of studies to date on the effects of BFRT on healthy tendons and in tendon pathologies, preliminary evidence for beneficial effects of BFRT on tendons and clinical outcomes is encouraging. As BFRT is a relatively novel method, definitive conclusions, and recommendations on BFRT in tendon rehabilitation cannot be made at present, which should be addressed in future research, due to the potential therapeutic benefits highlighted in this review.
Application of the Machine-Learning Model to Improve Prediction of Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis Status Among Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Wu Qian , Deng Li , Jiang Ying , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPerforming axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is the current standard option after a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN). However, whether 1–2 metastatic SLNs require ALND is debatable. The probability of metastasis in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLNs) can be calculated using nomograms. In this study, we developed an individualized model using machine-learning (ML) methods to select potential variables, which influence NSLN metastasis.Materials and MethodsCohorts of patients with early breast cancer who underwent SLN biopsy and ALND between 2012 and 2021 were created (training cohort, N 157 and validation cohort, N 58) for the development of the nomogram. Three ML methods were trained in the training set to create a strong predictive model. Finally, the multiple iterations of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method were used to determine the variables associated with NSLN status.ResultsFour independent variables (positive SLN number, absence of lymph node hilum, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and total number of SLNs harvested) were combined to generate the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.759 was obtained in the entire set. The AUC values for the training set and the test set were 0.782 and 0.705, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the model fit accuracy was identified with p = 0.759.ConclusionThis study developed a nomogram that incorporates ultrasound (US)-related variables using the ML method and serves to clinically predict the non-metastatic status of NSLN and help in the selection of the appropriate treatment option.
Comparative Study of Dezocine and Ketorolac Tromethamine in Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ying Yidan , Fei Shuke , Zeng Zhiying , Qu Xiaoyong , Cao Zemin 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to observe the application value of dezocine and ketorolac tromethamine in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).MethodsA total of 154 patients who underwent LC surgery in our hospital and received PCIA after surgery from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected, they were divided into group A (n = 77) and group B (n = 77). Group A was given dezocine and group B was given ketorolac tromethamine. The analgesia, sedation, comfort, and adverse reactions of the two groups were closely observed at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery.ResultsAt 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery, the visual analog scale scores in group B were lower than those in group A (P &lt; 0.05). At 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery, the Ramsay scores in group B were higher than those in group A (P &lt; 0.05). At 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery, there was no significant difference in Bruggrmann comfort scale scores between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionBoth dezocine and ketorolac tromethamine have high clinical application value in patients who underwent LC surgery and received PCIA, with higher patient comfort and fewer adverse reactions. But compared with dezocine, ketorolac tromethamine can achieve better sedative and analgesic effects, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Transcriptomic Profiles of Splenic CD19+ B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With the Larval Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Xu Shiping , Guo Yuxin , Luo Tiancheng , Jiang Pengfei , Yan Ziyi , He Yan , Fu Linlin , Liu Hua , Gao Zixuan , Wang Dingmin , Sun Zhengxiu , Yang Xiaoying , Pan Wei , Sun Fenfen 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWe previously reported that the larval Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection can expand the population of regulatory B cells in mice, thereby inhibiting the anti-infective immunity. However, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. This study further investigated the holistic transcriptomic profiles of total splenic B cells following the chronic infection of the parasite.MethodsThe infection model of larval E. granulosus was established by intraperitoneal inoculation with 2000 protoscolexes. Magnetic-Activated Cell Separation (MACS) was used to isolate the total splenic B cells. RNA sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after infection. The expression of selected DEGs was verified using qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Co-expression network analysis were applied to predict these DEGs' underlying biological processes, pathways, and interactions respectively.ResultsA total of 413 DEGs were identified in larval E. granulosus infected B cells, including 303 up- and 110 down-regulated genes. Notably, most DEGs related to inflammation and chemotaxis were significantly upregulated after infection. In line with these changes, significant expression upregulation of DEGs associated with fatty acid oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, lipid transport, and cholesterol biosynthesis, were observed in infected B cells. Co-expression network analysis showed an intimate interaction between these DEGs associated with immune and metabolism.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that the larval E. granulosus infection induces metabolic reprogramming of B cells, which provides a novel clue to clarify the immunoregulatory mechanism of B cells in parasitic infection.
COHERENCE IN THESIS PROPOSAL WRITINGS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Karjono J.C. Setyo 
Published: April 2022

In academic writing such as a thesis proposal, a learner should consider several variables. Not only does a learner consider the language uses such as choice of words and syntactic forms at the sentence level, but beyond the sentence, a learner should also pay attention to the organization and unity of all the ideas and information into cohesive and coherent paragraphs. However, many students encounter great difficulties in writing their proposals especially the introduction part which deals with the organization of paragraphs. For this reason, the writer analyzed the undergraduate studentsâ€™ competence in thesis proposal writings. The organization of the ideas and information becomes a necessary part of writing thesis proposal because of it into cohesive and coherent paragraphs. However, many students often get difficulties, especially in the introduction part. This article is the study of the proposal writings which covers the organization, the unity and coherence of paragraphs, and the syntactic form and word choice. The subjects of this research were the students of the English Language Education Program at a private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia who were writing their theses as their final project. All data sources were from the undergraduate students' initial thesis writings especially the Introduction part proposed by the students. The samples of data were taken according to the proportional sampling referring to the research fields in which the students were interested: English Language Teaching 50%, Linguistics 30%, and Literature 20%. Â The result of the analysis shows that: (a) Mostly the studentsâ€™ proposals addressed well organization though using somewhat developed explanations, exemplifications, or details; (b) They also displayed unity and coherence, though the connection of ideas was occasionally obscured; Considering the organization, unity and coherence are the most appropriate variety for the undergraduate studentsâ€™ writing; therefore, the study suggests that more exposure to the standard guidance or rubric of thesis writing will be helpful.
THE INFOGRAPHIC PROJECTS IN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Pertiwi Dewanti Ratna , Kusumaningrum Maria Asumpta Deny 
Published: April 2022

There are a lot of factors determining the success of learning process. Leaning media is one of them that can contribute to the excellent learning process. In this digital era, infographic either digital or printed is regarded as a suitable media for speaking as it is able to help students to present effectively. The combination of brief information in points and graphics helps the students in delivering particular topics to the audience that also develops the studentsâ€™ speaking skill. The infographic in this research was conducted in projects for mechanical engineering students. The topic chosen for the research was â€˜describing the excellence of a cityâ€™. It is one of the topics written in the curriculum for English 1 subject. The research applied a case study in which the data collection was gathered using observation, interview, and questionnaires. The results indicated that the infographic project could facilitate the speaking activities. The students showed positive responses in creating infographic, working in group project-based learning (PBL), and presenting the infographic content.Â These conditions indicate that the infographic project was successfully employed to facilitate the studentsâ€™ speaking activity.Â
An analysis of teachersâ€™ classroom interaction by using self-evaluation of teacher talk
Authors: Valentika Riski , Yulia Yuyun 
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on classroom interaction in English teaching and learning at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Bengkulu. The objective of this study is to 1. Describe student-teacher interaction pattern, 2. Find out the type of interactional features in the classroom. The data were first-grade students. This study shows how teacher and student talk and give a response to each other. This study is conducted in form of discourse analysis. The writer used observation to get the data. The data were in a form video recording of classroom interactional both teachers and students. The writer made transcription from recorded data and analyzed it through IRF exchange structure and applied Walshâ€™s framework in interactional features. The result of the research showed teacher A and B interaction pattern is Initiation (I)- Response (R)- Feedback (F). Teacher Aâ€™s pattern was I (initiation), R (response) and F (feedback). In her classrooms, teacher A provides lots of initiation to her students.Â Teacher Bâ€™s pattern was IRF in this class with the highest amount of initiation in form question. Teacher A used 12 (twelve) interactional feature based on Walsh framework (2006). There were extended learner turn (ELT) 171 frequencies, extended teacher turn (ETT) 90 frequencies,Â Display Question (DQ) 66 frequencies, confirmation check (CC) 36 frequencies, seeking clarification (SC) 35 frequencies, Teacher echo (TE) 27 frequencies, referential question (RQ) 20 frequencies, Scaffolding (SCF) 16 frequencies, extended wait time (EWT) 13 frequencies, turn completion (TC) 12 frequencies, direct repair (DR) 5 frequencies, content feedback (CF) 1 frequency. Teacher B used 12 (twelve) interactional feature based on Walsh framework (2006). There were extended learner turn (ELT) 155 frequencies, Display Question (DQ) 53 frequencies, extended teacher turn (ETT) 42 frequencies, referential question (RQ) 23 frequencies, confirmation check (CC) 17 frequencies, seeking clarification (SC) 13 frequencies, Form focus feedback (FFF) 12, Teacher echo (TE) 8 frequencies, Scaffolding (SCF) 8 frequencies, extended wait time (EWT) 7 frequencies, turn completion (TC) 4 frequencies, direct repair (DR) 3 frequencies. Both of teacherÂ A and B provide a lot of extended learner turn by giving a direct question and referential question. Studentsâ€™ response frequently in English, in Indonesian and in another hand in their mother tongue.Â
Writing competence of junior high school students at two junior high schools in Yogyakarta
Authors: Zidan Ayah Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

The problem limitation in this research is only about English writing competence in junior school and only compare two schools in Yogyakarta, that are MTs Negeri 1 Bantul and SMPN 1 Pengasih. To describe the student writing competencies at two junior high schools. The objectives of this study are to reveal the factors affecting the students writing competencies and to find out the solution to overcome the problem in writing competencies. In collecting data, the researcher used documentation technique. This technique was implemented by making use of teachersâ€™ collection of the studentsâ€™ writing tasks. Based on the result and analysis, so the conclusion in this research as follows the writing competencies of the ninth grade students of two junior high schools are at good enough level. The factors affecting the students English writing competencies are their ability, the learning process and classroom situation.Â When the students weak in grammar, they have to make practice more, and also when they got in doing the difficult assignment. When the step of rhetoric weak, so the students must more practise in daily life, also for the make clarity of meaning and the relationship between ideas can improve by more practice in daily life, they can use the English language. About the weak vocabulary, so the teacher can practice and give more homework about the vocabulary and the task for example in writing and reading a lot of procedure text or story. The solution to overcome the problem in writing competencies such as make a lot of training or practice English in daily life, the teachers should employ active learning to support students engaged in teaching-learning process
EXPLORING ENGLISH EDUCATION MASTER STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN ACADEMIC WRITING LEARNING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Wijaya Kristian Florensio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inculcating a higher degree of metacognitive awareness in the presence of academic writing learning scope is a crucial matter for globalized ELT educationalists since learners can regulate their learning objectives, behavior, motivation, and endeavor for a better purpose. Specifically, this present qualitative study aimed to further investigate English Education Master Students’ metacognitive awareness in academic writing learning enterprises accompanied with the support of 10 narrative written interview inquiries asking about the significance of metacognitive awareness in their academic writing learning activities. Two English Education Master Students batch 2018 and 2020 from Sanata Dharma University were invited to take part in this study. Based on the obtained findings, these two participants concurred that a higher degree of metacognitive awareness gradually transformed them into more persistent and goal-oriented academic writers. In line with those aforementioned findings, it is worthwhile to be recommended for worldwide educators to continually nurture the robust development of graduate EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness to provide more long-lasting holistic academic writing learning values for their future career occurrences.

Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, academic writing, narrative inquiry
Thinking thrice about sum scores, and then some more about measurement and analysis
Authors: Widaman Keith F. , Revelle William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeasurement is fundamental to all research in psychology and should be accorded greater scrutiny than typically occurs. Among other claims, McNeish and Wolf (Thinking twice about sum scores. Behavior Research Methods, 52, 2287-2305) argued that use of sum scores (a) implies that a highly constrained latent variable model underlies items comprising a scale, and (b) may misrepresent or bias relations with other criteria. The central claim by McNeish and Wolf that use of sum scores requires the assumption that a parallel test model underlies item responses is incorrect and without psychometric merit. Instead, if a set of items is unidimensional, estimators of reliability are available even if the factor model underlying the set of items does not have a highly constrained form. Thus, dimensionality of a set of items is the key issue, and whether strict constraints on parameter estimates do or do not hold dictate the appropriate way to estimate reliability. McNeish and Wolf also claimed that more precise forms of scoring, such as estimating factor scores, would be preferable to sum scores. We provide analytic bases for reliability estimation and then provide several demonstrations of reliability estimation and the relative advantages of sum scores and factor scores. We contend that several claims by McNeish and Wolf are questionable and that, as a result, multiple recommendations they made and conclusions they drew are incorrect. The upshot is that, once the dimensional structure of a set of items is verified, sum scores often have a solid psychometric basis and therefore are frequently quite adequate for psychological research.
Pelatihan Studentpreneurship sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Lifeskill dan Efikasi Diri dalam Berwirausaha pada Pelajar SMA/SMK di Jawa Timur
Authors: Kusumandari Rahma , Isrida Yul Arifiana  
Published: April 2022

Menjelang era Ekonomi Global 2025, pemerintah Indonesia sedang menyiapkan langkah-langkah untuk mendukung masyarakat dalam berwirausaha sekaligus mewujudkan nawacita Presiden RI. Pendidikan tentang dasar-dasar wirausaha sudah mulai diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah sejak dini. Oleh karena itu, program pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk melengkapi materi yang sudah didapatkan di sekolah dengan mengadakan pelatihan studentpreneurship bagi pelajar untuk meningkatkan lifeskill dan efikasi diri dalam berwirausaha kepada siswa SMA dan SMK di Jawa Timur. Program ini diharapkan dapat mempersiapkan peserta untuk hidup di dunia yang penuh persaingan, mengasah bakat menjadi pengusaha, dan meningkatkan efikasi diri peserta dalam berwirausaha. Modul pelatihan studentpreneurship ini disusun menggunakan pendekatan ADDIE. Pelatihan dilakukan secara daring dan setelah mengikuti pelatihan, masing-masing peserta diwajibkan untuk mempraktikkan hasil pelatihan dengan membuat konsep bisnis berupa business plan dan business model canvas yang bisa peserta lakukan secara mandiri. Berdasarkan tugas yang dikumpulkan oleh peserta tampak bahwa mereka dapat berpikir kreatif dan inovatif dalam pembuatan business plan dan business model canvas. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan yang diberikan memberikan dampak pada lifeskill yang dimiliki peserta. Selain itu, hasil pretest dan posttest menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara skor efikasi diri dalam berwirausaha sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan.
Oxygen-enhanced Extremely Metal-poor Damped Lyα Systems: A Signpost of the First Stars?
Authors: Welsh Louise , Cooke Ryan , Fumagalli Michele , Pettini Max 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present precise abundance determinations of two near-pristine damped Lyα systems (DLAs) to assess the nature of the [O/Fe] ratio at [Fe/H] < −3.0 (i.e., <1/1000 of the solar metallicity). Prior observations indicate that the [O/Fe] ratio is consistent with a constant value, [O/Fe] ≃ +0.4, when −3 < [Fe/H] < −2, but this ratio may increase when [Fe/H] ≲ −3. In this paper, we test this picture by reporting new, high-precision [O/Fe] abundances in two of the most metal-poor DLAs currently known. We derive values of [O/Fe] = +0.50 ± 0.10 and [O/Fe] = +0.62 ± 0.05 for these two z ≃ 3 near-pristine gas clouds. These results strengthen the idea that the [O/Fe] abundances of the most metal-poor DLAs are elevated compared to DLAs with [Fe/H] ≳ −3. We compare the observed abundance pattern of the latter system to the nucleosynthetic yields of Population III supernovae (SNe), and find that the enrichment can be described by a (19–25) M⊙ Population III SN that underwent a (0.9–2.4) × 1051 erg explosion. These high-precision measurements showcase the behavior of [O/Fe] in the most metal-poor environments. Future high-precision measurements in new systems will contribute to a firm detection of the relationship between [O/Fe] and [Fe/H]. These data will reveal whether we are witnessing a chemical signature of enrichment from Population III stars and allow us to rule out contamination from Population II stars.
The Transformation of Centaurs into Jupiter-family Comets
Authors: Wood Jeremy , Hinse Tobias C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Centaurs are an ephemeral class of objects that can evolve into Jupiter-family comets (or JFCs) due to gravitational perturbations from the giant planets. In this work, we use numerical integration of massless test particles in the six-body problem (the Sun, four giant planets, and a test particle) to study the transformation of Centaurs into JFCs. We find that Centaurs can transform into JFCs via a rapid, continuous drop in perihelion or aphelion distance to a value below 5.2 au or 7 au, respectively, typically within 5 yr from the start of the drop. We call these JFC perihelion drops and JFC aphelion drops, respectively. These drops are correlated with close approaches to Jupiter. For such perihelion and aphelion drops, the maximum possible fractional change in the associated perihelion or aphelion distance increases with decreasing close-approach distance to Jupiter. A perihelion barrier may exist at 6.3 au. If so, then it must be crossed from above in order for a Centaur to transform into a JFC due to a single close approach to Jupiter. Currently, 93 (or 11%) of the known Centaurs have a perihelion distance, q, below 6.3 au. If the inclination of the orbit of the Centaur to the ecliptic plane is above 10.°2, then orbits with q > 6.3 au and 2 < T

J
< 3 can exist, where T

J
is the Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter. Small bodies in such orbits could be classified as either Centaurs or JFCs.