bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Predicting Distant Metastasis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma Based on Pre-Radiotherapy Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
Authors: Hua Hong-Li , Deng Yu-Qin , Li Song , Li Si-Te , Li Fen , Xiao Bai-Kui , Huang Jin , Tao Ze-Zhang 
Published: September 2022

Importance:
Accurate pre-treatment prediction of distant metastasis in patients with Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma (NPC) enables the implementation of appropriate treatment strategies for
high-risk individuals.

Purpose:
To develop and assess a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model using pre-therapy
Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging to predict distant metastasis in NPC patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed data of 441 pathologically diagnosed NPC patients who underwent
complete radiotherapy and chemotherapy at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Hubei,
China) between February 2012 and March 2018. Using Adobe Photoshop, an experienced radiologist
segmented MR images with rectangular regions of interest. To develop an accurate model according
to the primary tumour, Cervical Metastatic Lymph Node (CMLN), the largest area of invasion
of the primary tumour, and image segmentation methods, we constructed intratumoural and
intra-peritumoural datasets that were used for training and test of the transfer learning models. Each
model’s precision was assessed according to its receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy.
Generated high-risk-related Grad-Cams demonstrated how the model captured the image features
and further verified its reliability.

Results:
Among the four models, all intra-peritumoural datasets performed better than the corresponding
intratumoural datasets, with the CMLN intra-peritumoural dataset exhibiting the best performance
(average area under the curves (AUCs) = 0.88). There was no significant difference between
average AUCs of the Max and NPC tumour datasets. AUCs of the eight datasets for the four
models were higher than those of the Tumour-Node-Metastasis staging system (AUC=0.67). In
most datasets, the xception model had higher AUCs than other models. The efficientnet-b0 and
xception models efficiently extracted high-risk features.

Conclusion:
The CNN model predicted distant metastasis in NPC patients with high accuracy.
Compared to the primary tumour, the CMLN better predicted distant metastasis. In addition to intratumoural
data, peritumoural information can facilitate the prediction of distant metastasis. With a
larger sample size, datasets of the largest areas of tumour invasion may achieve meaningful accuracy.
Among the models, xception had the best overall performance.
Long Non-coding RNA Therapeutics: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Gutti Ravi Kumar , Sangeeth Anjali , Malleswarapu Mahesh , Mishra Amit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The discovery of the roles of RNA other than just as a messenger, such as a ribozyme, and regulatory RNAs, such as microRNA and long noncoding RNAs, is fascinating. RNA is now recognized as an important regulator involved in practically every biological process. Research in the field of non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have developed immensely over the years. Recent studies identified diverse RNAs, in-cluding non-coding RNAs such as LncRNA and their various modes of action in the cells. These RNAs are anticipated to be key targets for the treatment of various diseases since they control a broad array of biological pathways. LncRNA-targeted drug platform delivers the pharmaceutical industry a myriad of opportunities and has the potential to modulate diseases at the genetic level while also overcoming the limitations of inconsistent proteins. This article focuses on the recent ad-vancement as well as the major challenges in the field and describes the various RNA-based thera-peutics that alter the quality of healthcare for many diseases and bring personalized medicines to fruition. The article also summarizes RNA-based therapeutics that are undergoing testing in clinical trials or have been granted FDA approval.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Pharmacological Effects and Potential
Therapeutic Application
Authors: Nenezic Nemanja , Kostic Smiljana , Strac Dubravka Svob , Grunauer Marija , Nenezic Dragana , Radosavljevic Milica , Jancic Jasna , Samardzic Janko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in primates,
which is predominantly synthesized in the adrenal cortex. A characteristic curve of growth and
decline of its synthesis during life was observed, together with the corresponding formation of its
sulphate ester (DHEAS). High levels of plasma circulating DHEA are suggested as a marker of
human longevity, and various pathophysiological conditions lead to a decreased DHEA level, including
adrenal insufficiency, severe systemic diseases, acute stress, and anorexia. More recent
studies have established the importance of DHEA in the central nervous system (CNS). A specific
intranuclear receptor for DHEA has not yet been identified; however, highly specific membrane
receptors have been detected in endothelial cells, the heart, kidney, liver, and the brain. Research
shows that DHEA and DHEAS, as well as their metabolites, have a wide range of effects on numerous
organs and organ systems, which places them in the group of potential pharmacological
agents useful in various clinical entities. Their action as neurosteroids is especially interesting due
to potential neuroprotective, pro-cognitive, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. Evidence from
clinical studies supports the use of DHEA in hypoadrenal individuals and in treating depression
and associated cognitive disorders. However, there is also an increasing trend of recreational
DHEA misuse in healthy people, as it is classified as a dietary supplement in some countries. This
article aims to provide a critical review regarding the biological and pharmacological effects of
DHEA, its mechanism of action, and potential therapeutic use, especially in CNS disorders.
Potential Phytoconstituents of Genus Vitex for the Management of
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review
Authors: Thakur Upasana , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most predominant conditions which have utmost influ-ence on the society. The disease is an inflammatory disorder which affects joints, connective tis-sues, muscles, tendons and fibrous tissues. Approximately 270 known species of vitex genus are known, extending from shrubs to trees in the tropical, sub-tropical regions and temperate zones. Several species of vitex have been used traditionally over world-wide. The main focus of the pre-sent study is to review various phytoconstituents isolated from the genus vitex which can be used for the treatment of rheumatic disorders. The study also covers the underlying targets of the phyto-constituents which can be possible potential hits for the management of Rheumatic disorders.
Comparative Efficacy of Levosimendan, Ramipril, and Sacubitril/
Valsartan in Isoproterenol-induced Experimental Heart Failure: A
Hemodynamic and Molecular Approach
Authors: Tabassum Fauzia , Akhtar Md Sayeed , Hassan Quamrul , Afzal Obaid , Altamimi Abdulmalik , Hassan Mohd. Zaheen , Sharma Arun Kumar , Mohammad Asif Ansari Shaik 
Published: September 2022

Objetive:
Cardiac ischemia related myocardial damage has been considered as a major reason of heart failure. We aimed to investigate the role of levosimendan (LEVO) in comparison to ramipril and sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) in preventing the damage associated to isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction.

Method:
Myocardial infarction was induced by injecting subcutaneous isoproterenol (5 mg/kg once for 7 consecutive days) to establish experimental heart failure model. Simultaneously, LEVO (1 mg/kg/day), ramipril (3mg/kg/day) and Sac/Val (68 mg/kg/day) suspension were administered orally for four weeks.

Results:
We observed a significant correlation between ISO induced ischemia with cardiac remodeling and alterations in myocardial architecture. LEVO, ramipril, and Sac/Val significantly prevented lipid peroxidation, damage of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and thioredoxin reductase. We also observed their ameliorative effects in cardiac hypertrophy of myocardium evidenced by reduced heart weight to body weight ratio and transforming growth factor β related collagen deposition. LEVO, ramipril, and Sac/Val also maintained cardiac biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac Troponin-I indicating reduced myocardial damage that further demonstrated by histopathological examination. Decreased sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase2a and sodium-calcium exchanger-1 protein depletion after LEVO, ramipril, and Sac/Val adminisreration indicated improved Ca2+ homeostasis during myocardial contractility.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that LEVO have comparable effects to ramipril, and Sac/Val in preventing myocardial damage via balancing oxidant-antioxidant system, decreased collagen deposition, reduced myocardial stress as well as improved Ca2+ homeostasis during myocardial contractility.
In Silico Design of Molecular Analogues of 2-Butyl-5-
pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (Stemphol) as Drug Prototypes for Treatment
of Chemical Dependents of Cannabis Sativa
Authors: de Lima Henrique Barros , Ferreira Jaderson Vieira , do Amaral Chaves Gisele , Batista Mateus Alves , Correia Lenir Cabral , de Souza Lucilene Rocha , Silva Carlos H.T.P. , Taft Carlton A. , da Silva Hage-Melim Lorane Izabel 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The chemical dependency caused by recreational drug abuse is highly detrimental to humans and has direct implications for society. Cannabis sativa is still at the top of the ranking of most used drugs in the world, and its major chemical component is Δ9-THC. This molecule is the main cause of addiction in chronic users, and its action is measured by the CB1 receptor present in the CNS. So far there is no approved drug for the treatment of abstinence in C. sativa.

Objective:
In this sense, the objective of this research is to propose analogues of the Stemphol (2-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol) molecule that can serve as treatment for withdrawal crises in C. sativa addicts, initially through in silico methods.

Methods:
28 structural modifications were carried out in the molecule stemphol. These were subjected to in silico predictions of pharmacokinetics, toxicology, pharmacological activity, synthetic viability and prediction of drug-receptor interaction through molecular docking. For this, the software and web servers PreADMET, DEREK 2.1, PASS, SEA, SYLVIA 2.4 and GOLD were used. Results: 22 analogues demonstrated good pharmacokinetic results and 16 analogues gave no warning of hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, nephropathies and carcinogenicity in mammals. Biological activity predictions were performed on the PASS server, resulting in 28 analogues exhibiting adenylate cyclase inhibition and/or MAP kinase stimulating activity; in SEA, the performance of the CB1 receptor was analyzed, resulting in 20 analogues with action on CB1 receptors in humans. The selected analogues 1, 4, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25 and 26 were submitted to synthetic accessibility prediction in the SYLVIA software because they presented better results in their pharmacokinetic, toxicological and predictive properties.

Conclusion:
Of these, the analogues 17 and 25 obtained a very satisfactory result in the interaction with the CB1 receptor through the molecular docking method and can be considered great proposals for future in vitro and in vivo studies, with the ability to further elucidate their actions.
Keywords: Chemical dependency, Cannabis sativa, Withdrawal Syndrome.
MicroRNA Gene Signature for Predicting Mechanisms in Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma: A Case Study on the Potential Application of Circulating
Biomarkers
Authors: Wardana Tirta , Oktriani Risky , Murjayanto Cita Herawati , Putri Denise Utami , Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Aryandono Teguh , Haryana Sofia Mubarika 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim:
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is an upper respiratory tract cancer
prevalent in Southeast Asia and related to chronic EBV infection. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene
expression implicated in NPC’s carcinogenesis. However, this circulating RNA molecule’s role and
clinical utility remain unknown. Therefore, this study examined the circulation of miRNAs and their association
with clinical data.

Methods:
160 plasma samples of NPC and 80 non-tumor samples were extracted to evaluate and validate
the gene expressions. Quantification expression was performed using relative quantification of
qPCR analysis level expression methods. The intrinsic cellular roles involving biological signaling in
NPC's oncogenesis using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) were also used.

Results:
The results of the quantification significance profiling of NPC samples revealed decreased
miR-29c-3p (fold change 1.16; p<0.05) and increased 195-5p expression (fold change 1.157; p<0.05).
Furthermore, the validation of hsa-miR-29c-3p expression on plasma NPC with known tumor vs. nontumor
and significant changes was also performed using a fold change of 4.45 (medians of 31.45 ±
1.868 and 24.96 ± 1.872, respectively; p<0.0005). miR-29c had a 2.14 fold change correlated with T
primary status with a median of 31.99±1.319 and 31.35±2.412, respectively (p<0.05). Stage status with
fold change 1.99 also had median levels of 31.98±1.105 and 31.21 ± 2.355, respectively (p-value
<0.05). Furthermore, the node’s status for the lower expression of miR-29c with fold change 1.17 had
median levels of 32.78 ± 2.221 and 31.33 ± 1.689, respectively (p-value of 0.7). Bioinformatics analysis
established the roles and functions of miR-29 in NPC progression, cell death and survival, cellular development,
cellular function, and cell maintenance by inhibiting COL4A, PI3K, VEGFA, JUN, and
CDK6.

Conclusion:
Overall, we conclude that decreased miR-29c expression is associated with poor clinical
status and might inhibit NPC's five target genes.
تحليل وقياس هيكل التجارة الخارجية ودرجة الأنكشاف الأقتصادي للعراق للمدة (2004-2020)
Authors: Ahmad Muhsin Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

تعدّ التجارة الخارجية من القطاعات التي تضمن التفاعل بين الاقتصاد المحلي والعالم الخارجي، وذلك من خلال تدفق السلع والخدمات من والى الدولة، وما تتركه من روابط على مستوى الاقتصاد الكلي، وتعزيزقدرة الدولة التنافسية في الأسواق العالمية. لذلك فان التجارة الخارجية أصبحت المحرّك الأساس للنمو الاقتصادي من خلال تصدير الفائض من الأنتاج والحصول على النقد الأجنبي لتمويل الأستيرادات من السلع المختلفة وخصوصاً السلع الرأسمالية والوسيطة اللاّزمة لتحقيق النمو الأقتصادي.
وتبرز دوروأهمية التجارة الخارجية بشكل أوضح في الأقتصاد العراقي الذي يتصف بكونه إقتصاد ريعي أحادي الجانب يعتمد يشكل رئيسي على إنتاج وتصدير النفط الخام للحصول على النقد الأجنبي، الذي يستخدمه في تمويل عملية الأستيرادات لتوفير مختلف السلع والمنتجات لتلبية الطلب المحلي، بسبب تخلف القطاعات السلعية الرئيسية كالقطاعين الزراعي والصناعي، وعدم قدرتهما على توفير تلك السلع محلياً. لذلك تشكل التجارة الخارجية أكثر من نصف حجم الناتج المحلي الأجمالي خلال مدة البحث، وهي تتجاوز النسبة الطبيعية المقبولة والمسموح بها لتفادي الوقوع في مشكلة الأنكشاف الأقتصادي والتبعية للخارج .
Formulasi Sediaan Minuman Serbuk Fungsional Kombinasi Biji Jagung (Zea mays L. ) dan Madu
Authors: Utami Sheila Meitania , Ismaya Nurwulan Adi , Ratnaningtyas Tri Okta , Yunarto Nanang 
Published: September 2022

Corn is a food ingredient that contains carotenoids that are very potential in preventing cancer,
adding endurance, as antivirals, fungi, and parasites, carotenoids are also good for vision,
growth and reproduction. The highest carotenoid compound in corn is lutein which has potential
as an immunomodulator. Honey is also immunomodulatory by triggering macrophages to
produce cytokines involved in killing bacteria and tissue repair. The combination of corn and
honey in one drink will produce a health supplement preparation that contains antioxidants and
immunomodulators that are good for health. The goal of this study was to get the best formula
of instant granules physically. Instant granules are made from corn kernels that have been dried
with a combination of honey which is processed by dry granulation with variations of corn
kernels FI & FIV (15%), FII & FV (25%), FIII & FVI (35%), and FI & FIV honey (35%), FII &
FV (25%), FIII & FVI (15%). Instant granules are conducted physical test evaluations including
organoleptic tests, flow time, angle of repose, compressibility index, time of granules to dissolve,
particle distribution, pH, viscosity of reconstituted and RDA test. The results showed that the
granule flow time, angle of repose, compressibility index, time of granules to dissolve, granules
particle distribution and viscosity of reconstituted overall physical testing showed no noticeable
differences, except against the most preferred taste parameters FVI. So the best formulation has
obtained is FVI and shows the result of the RDA test with total energy of 350 kcal/100 grams.
Prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en niños de la comunidad indígena U'wa en Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Benavides Jiménez Hernando Andrés , Velandia Sua Edward Andreiev , Vargas Gil Óscar Arturo , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Vacca Carvajal Bryan Felipe , Suescún Carrero Sandra Helena , García Agudelo Lorena 
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en niños menores de 15 años de la comunidad indígenaU'wa, del municipio de Güicán, Boyacá.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 125 niños menores de 15 años, pertenecientes a la comunidad indígena U'wa del municipio de Güicán. Se evaluó la presencia de parásitos intestinales a partir de dos exámenes coprológicos directos. El procesamiento y análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 22.
Resultados: La prevalencia de parásitos fue del 72% IC 95%. Los parásitos más frecuentes fueron Blastocystis spp.43.3%; Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 35.5%; Ascaris lumbricoides 12.2% y Giardia intestinalis con 11.1%. Los parásitos no patógenos hallados fueron Entamoeba coli 30%; Endolimax nana 24.4% y Iodamoeba butschlii 5.5%. El poliparasitismo fue de 50% y se asoció con ser menor de 7 años de edad y tener más de 4 manifestaciones clínicas.
Conclusiones: Las comunidades indígenas se consideran una población vulnerable puesto que no cuentan con los servicios básicos de sanidad, tienen alta prevalencia de enfermedades infecciosas que pueden generar algunas complicaciones, especialmente en los menores de 15 años . Con este estudio se conoció la dinámica de las infecciones parasitarias en la comunidad indígena U'wa que tienen implicaciones en la salud pública y en el marco del contexto salud-enfermedad, con el fin de realizar intervenciones de manera integral en busca de mejorar el estado de salud.
En búsqueda de la fertilidad, tratamiento con antibiótico resuelve el problema de una pareja infértil. Reporte de caso
Authors: Ocampo Flórez Ginna Marcela , Calle Correa Esteban , Carvajal Obando Alejandro , Cardona Maya Walter Darío 
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La presencia de bacterias en semen (bacteriospermia) es una condición patológica asociada con infertilidad y con prevalencia de hasta el 35%.
Objetivo: Reportar el caso de un paciente con oligoastenozoospermia manejado en la consulta de infertilidad.
Caso:Paciente masculino de 33 años de edad con historia de dificultad para la concepción, antecedente de orquiectomía por torsión testicular a los 16 años, infección por Chlamydia trachomatis a los 20 años. Examen físico normal, ecografía doppler testicular con varicocele izquierdo leve. Espermograma con oligoastenozoospermia y espermocultivo en agar sangre positivo para Streptococcus spp y agar chocolate para Streptococcus spp. Se inició manejo con ampicilina Sulbactam durante 14 días y control a los 3 meses con nuevo espermograma con mejoría marcada de la concentración y la movilidad progresiva espermática.
Resultado: La pareja logro un embarazo exitoso con bebe vivo en casa.
Conclusión: La colonización bacteriana del semen contribuye a alteraciones de la calidad seminal, por lo tanto, determinar la presencia de bacterias en las parejas infértiles podría ser de utilidad para el mejoramiento de los parámetros seminales y lograr un embarazo exitoso.
Metodología predictiva de la dinámica del número de casos de COVID-19: aplicación a China, Bélgica y Corea del Sur
Authors: Rodríguez Velásquez Javier Oswaldo , Cuesta Rivas Joao , Correa Herrera Sandra Catalina 
Published: September 2022

Objetivos: Se han desarrollado múltiples metodologías basadas en la teoría de la probabilidad para establecer predicciones de epidemias de dengue, malaria, VIH, obesidad, entre otras. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un nuevo método de predicción de la dinámica del número de casos de COVID-19 para China, Bélgica y Corea del Sur, basado en la teoría de la probabilidad que permite evaluar y comparar su crecimiento.

Materiales y métodos: Se establecieron rangos de probabilidad del número de casos de COVID-19, los cuales fueron asignados a cada uno de los valores diarios del número de casos de COVID-19 reportados por China Bélgica y Corea del Sur evaluados durante 74, 50 y 50 días, respectivamente. Se calculó la frecuencia y probabilidad de cada rango diario para cada país. Se calculó su probabilidad total y la probabilidad de la dinámica en intervalos de 8 días consecutivos y se compararon los valores entre países para evaluar sus diferencias.

Resultados: se establecieron valores de probabilidad de 1.21E-30, 2.03E-22 y 3.15E-12 para China, Bélgica y Corea del Sur, lo que permite diferenciar cuantitativamente las características de su dinámica. Las diferencias de probabilidad de los subespacios de 8 días variaron de 0,003 a 1, lo que permitió evaluar los cambios temporales en la dinámica.

Conclusión: los rangos establecidos para la evaluación del número de casos de COVID-19 permiten diferenciar el comportamiento de las epidemias entre países y estratificar la severidad de la expansión, destacando un orden matemático subyacente para este fenómeno que permite predecir cuantitativamente su dinámica espacio-temporal y indirectamente, la eficacia de las políticas de salud pública implementadas para cada país.