bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental rotation of hands and objects in ageing and Parkinson’s disease: differentiating motor imagery and visuospatial ability
Authors: Bek Judith , Humphries Stacey , Poliakoff Ellen , Brady Nuala 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotor imagery supports motor learning and performance and has the potential to be a useful strategy for neurorehabilitation. However, motor imagery ability may be impacted by ageing and neurodegeneration, which could limit its therapeutic effectiveness. Motor imagery can be assessed implicitly using a hand laterality task (HLT), whereby laterality judgements are slower for stimuli corresponding to physically more difficult postures, as indicated by a “biomechanical constraint” effect. Performance is also found to differ between back and palm views of the hand, which may differentially recruit visual and sensorimotor processes. Older adults and individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown altered performance on the HLT; however, the effects of both ageing and PD on laterality judgements for the different hand views (back and palm) have not been directly examined. The present study compared healthy younger, healthy older, and PD groups on the HLT, an object-based mental rotation task, and an explicit motor imagery measure. The older and PD groups were slower than the younger group on the HLT, particularly when judging laterality from the back view, and exhibited increased biomechanical constraint effects for the palm. While response times were generally similar between older and PD groups, the PD group showed reduced accuracy for the back view. Letter rotation was slower and less accurate only in the PD group, while explicit motor imagery ratings did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that motor imagery may be slowed but relatively preserved in both typical ageing and neurodegeneration, while a PD-specific impairment in visuospatial processing may influence task performance. The findings have implications for the use of motor imagery in rehabilitation protocols.
Note on axiomatic properties of apportionment methods for proportional representation systems
Authors: Palomares Antonio , Pukelsheim Friedrich , Ramírez Victoriano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractApportionment methods are used in proportional representation systems for the apportionment of parliamentary seats among political parties proportionately to their vote counts, or for the allocation of parliamentary seats between geographical districts proportionately to their population figures. From an axiomatic viewpoint apportionment methods ought to satisfy six basic principles: anonymity, balancedness, concordance, decency, exactness, and fairness. It is well-known that the first two principles are implied by the last four. In this note it is shown that the last four principles are logically independent of each other.
Novel high capacity model for copper binary ion exchange on e-waste derived adsorbent resin
Authors: Mariyam Sabah , Zuhara Shifa , Al-Ansari Tareq , Mackey Hamish , McKay Gordon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeavy metal water pollution is a global concern in recent years. Copper is a toxic metal at higher concentrations (> 20 μg /g) and needs to be removed using ion exchanger systems. This study investigates the removal efficiencies of copper by the non-metallic fraction (NMF) waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The high maximum adsorption capacity of copper by the PCB-derived material after activation with KOH was 2.65 mmol/g, and the experimental isotherm was best correlated by the Temkin model. Finally, this study presents a novel dual site adsorption/ion exchange mechanism, wherein the potassium (from the activation) and calcium (present in the structure) served as ion exchange sites for the copper in the solution. Therefore, this recycling study, focusing on cyclic environmental management, converts a major waste material to an activated ion exchange resin (high capacity) for the removal of copper from wastewater solutions and successfully regenerates the resin for re-use while producing an acidic copper solution for recovery by electrolysius or chemical salt precipitation.
On the Extension-Closed Property for the Subcategory Tr(Ω2(mod −A))
Authors: Böhmler Bernhard , Marczinzik René 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a monomial quiver algebra A having the property that the subcategory Tr(Ω2(mod −A)) is not extension-closed. This answers a question raised by Idun Reiten.
A radio continuum study of NGC 2082
Authors: Balzan J. C. F. , Filipović M. D. , Dai S. , Alsaberi R. Z. E. , Barnes L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present radio continuum observations of NGC 2082 using ASKAP, ATCA and Parkes telescopes from 888 MHz to 9000 MHz. Some 20 arcsec from the centre of this nearby spiral galaxy, we discovered a bright and compact radio source, J054149.24–641813.7, of unknown origin. To constrain the nature of J054149.24–641813.7, we searched for transient events with the Ultra-Wideband Low Parkes receiver, and compare its luminosity and spectral index to various nearby supernova remnants (SNRs), and fast radio burst (FRB) local environments. Its radio spectral index is flat ($\alpha = 0.02 \pm 0.09$
α
=
0.02
±
0.09
), which is unlikely to be either an SNR or pulsar. No transient events were detected with the Parkes telescope over three days of observations, and our calculations show J054149.24–641813.7 is two orders of magnitude less luminous than the persistent radio sources associated with FRB 121102 and 190520B. We find that the probability of finding such a source behind NGC 2082 is $P = 1.2\%$
P
=
1.2
%
, and conclude that the most likely origin for J054149.24–641813.7 is a background quasar or radio galaxy.
Birefringent properties of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspensions
Authors: Lane Connor , Rode David , Rösgen Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBirefringence measurements of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions are reported. Seven suspensions with concentrations between 0.7 and 1.3% per weight are sheared in a Taylor-Couette type setting and characterized using a birefringent measurement technique based on linear polarized light and acquisition with a polarization camera. Steady state measurements with shear rates up to 31 1/s show extinction angles of 23°–40° and birefringence in the order of 1e–5. The findings demonstrate the utility of CNC suspensions for flow birefringence studies.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder for Adolescents (BDD-YBOCS-A)
Authors: Monzani Benedetta , Fallah Deanna , Rautio Daniel , Gumpert Martina , Jassi Amita , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Mataix-Cols David , Krebs Georgina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder for Adolescents (BDD-YBOCS-A) is a clinician-rated measure of BDD symptom severity in youth. Despite widespread use in both research and clinical practice, its psychometric properties have not been formally evaluated. The current study examined the factor structure, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the BDD-YBOCS-A in 251 youths with BDD attending two specialist clinics. A principal component analysis identified two factors, explaining 56% of the variance. The scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87) and adequate convergent and divergent validity. In a subgroup of participants receiving BDD treatment (n = 175), BDD-YBOCS-A scores significantly decreased over time, demonstrating sensitivity to change. BDD-YBOCS-A change scores over treatment were highly correlated with severity changes measured by the Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (r = .84). The study provides empirical support for the use of the BDD-YBOCS-A in children and adolescents with BDD.
Detection and prevalence of Rosellinia necatrix in South African avocado orchards
Authors: Hartley Jesse , Engelbrecht Juanita , van den Berg Noëlani 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRosellinia necatrixis an ascomycete that causes white root rot (WRR) of several plant host species resulting in economic losses to affected agricultural and forestry industries in various regions. This study aimed to identify and monitor the prevalence ofR. necatrixin avocado orchards in South Africa. We used both morphological and molecular methods to isolate and identifyR. necatrixfrom diseased plant material and soil. Results showed thatR. necatrixwas present on avocado in the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Additionally, a semi-selective medium, containing Rose Bengal, nystatin, cycloheximide, chlorothalonil and 2-phenylphenol, was developed to improve isolation ofR. necatrix. We also tested an already establishedR. necatrix-specific TaqMan qPCR protocol to determine if it can reliably detect the pathogen isolatesin plantain the South African samples. Based on our results the technique had a detection rate of 91.3% in artificially infected roots and 100% in artificially inoculated soil. We tested natural infected plant and soil samples and detectedR. necatrixin 86% of the plant samples and in 70% of the soil samples. Using a selective medium or anin plantamolecular detection method streamlines isolation and detection ofR. necatrix, which will help prevent further spread of the pathogen. Moreover, additional information on the prevalence of WRR will create awareness among growers and provide a basis for management of the disease.
Life-Course Trajectories of Childless Women: Country-Specific or Universal?
Authors: Tocchioni Valentina , Rybińska Anna , Mynarska Monika , Matysiak Anna , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile existing research has documented complexities in biographies of childless women, few studies to date have systematically examined the life-course pathways of the childless from a comparative, cross-country perspective. In this paper, we analyse biographies of childless women in four countries—Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States—in order to investigate whether pathways into childlessness are country-specific or commonly shared across institutional, cultural, and geographical settings. Partnership, education, and employment histories are examined using sequence analysis with dynamic Hamming distance and cluster analysis. Discrepancy analysis indicates a country-effect in women’s biographies although life-course patterns identified in each country share similarities. Overall, seven life-course trajectories have been identified, with the most numerous cluster comprising single, working women who completed their education at a relatively young age. The results highlight a marked variation in the life-courses of childless women. Put together, these findings provide descriptive evidence for both country-specificity and cross-country similarity in the pathways to childlessness.
Resource availability for the mosquito Aedes aegypti affects the transmission mode evolution of a microsporidian parasite
Authors: Zilio Giacomo , Kaltz Oliver , Koella Jacob C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEcological conditions may greatly affect the relative importance of vertical and horizontal transmission, in particular for parasites with a mixed mode of transmission. Resource availability is one important environmental factor, affecting host growth and fecundity, but also the parasite’s own development. The consequences for the potential of vertical and horizontal transmission and for the evolution of transmission mode are largely unknown. We let the mixed-mode microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis evolve on its mosquito host Aedes aegypti under high-food or low-food conditions, representing permissive and restricted conditions. These alter the timing of development of infected larvae and thereby the probabilities for the parasites to enter the vertical or horizontal transmission pathways. After 10 generations, evolved parasites were assayed under the two food levels. There was an ecological trade-off between transmission modes, mediated by nutrient effects on host development, resulting in a higher vertical transmission (VT) potential under high-food and a higher horizontal transmission (HT) potential under low-food test conditions. Evolution under high food increased the VT potential of the parasite, particularly if it was tested at low food. This involved higher probability of carrying binucleate spores for the emerging females, greater fecundity and a longer life compared to parasites that were tested in the same conditions but had evolved under low food. The changes are related to the developmental regulation and switch in the production of two spore types, affecting investment in VT or HT. In contrast, the HT potential remained relatively unaffected by the parasite’s evolutionary history, suggesting that, within our experiential design, the VT mode evolved independently of the HT mode. Our work illustrates the possible links between resource availability, within-host developmental processes and the evolution of parasite transmission investment. Future work, theoretical and experimental, should scale up from within-host to between-host levels, including eco-evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics.
“Ok—I Need Help from Somewhere”: ‘The Educational Value of Multiplex Student Relationships in a Commuter College’
Authors: Fjelkner-Pihl Annika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present mixed-methods study provides insight into how students in higher education describe and form multiplex relationships in a cohort of students attending a commuter college, thereby improving our understanding of the complex relationships within student groups and their relation to learning. The main aim was to understand the student experience of networking with other students, particularly how commuter students perceive their academic multiplex relationships. Relational data were collected in a cohort of students (n = 109), complemented by 15 semi-structured interviews. One main finding was that students perceived that their largely homophilous multiplex relationships were central to academic achievement, but if students also had limited friendship relations these multiplex relationships could limit students’ academic experience. Another finding was how orientation week and group work done during the first semester mainly supported the formation of multiplex networks but were also perceived as barriers by some students. Likewise, commuting both scaffolded network building and became a barrier, especially for students with an immigrant background. One important implication for curriculum development is that faculty cannot leave relationship building to the students alone. A strategic model is discussed that supports emerging multiplex relationships, which can lead to gains in learning, retention, and integration.
Thermal Fluctuations and Electromagnetic Noise Spectra in Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Bányai Ladislaus Alexander , Bundaru Mircea , Gartner Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe derive the thermal noise spectrum of the longitudinal and transverse electric field operator of a given wave vector starting from the quantum-statistical definitions and relate it to the frequency and wave vector dependent complex conductivity in a homogeneous, isotropic system of electromagnetic interacting charged particles in the frame of the non-relativistic QED. No additional assumptions except the validity of linear response are used in the proof. The Nyquist formula for vanishing frequency, as well as the noise spectral density of Callen-Welton follow as byproduct. Furthermore we discuss also the noise of the photon occupation numbers.
Chronicle of a forecast flood: exposure and vulnerability on the south-east coast of Spain
Authors: Giménez-García Rubén , Ruiz-Álvarez Víctor , García-Marín Ramón 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, floods have become one of the natural hazards that generate the greatest economic and human losses on the planet. As is well known, torrential rainfall events are the triggering factor for flooding processes; nevertheless, it is worth examining the responsibility of the human factor, such as urban development, in the occurrence of these potential natural disasters. To this end, rainfall observations obtained during different precipitation events have been analysed. The evolution and urban development from the growth of the number of buildings was also examined. The information obtained has been crossed with the digital cartography of flooded areas (National System of Flood Zones Cartography, SNCZI in Spanish acronym). The results obtained show that the last two extraordinary rainfall events (December 2016 and September 2019) that occurred in the municipalities of Los Alcázares and San Javier (Region of Murcia, SE Spain) exceeded 200 mm, and quantified very high hourly intensities (> 50 mm/h). On the other hand, the number of buildings constructed and the built-up area in both municipalities has increased notably, with an evolution between 1950 and 2019 from 1057 to 15,969 buildings constructed, increasing from 16.09 ha. to 450.06 ha. occupied. This real estate development has caused the number of buildings exposed to flooding to reach 3840 in 2019 for a 10-year RP (return period) and 5941 for a 500-year RP. It can be concluded by indicating the clear influence of territorial transformation on the increase of exposure and economic losses generated by flood events.
Assessing the construct validity of the Quality-of-Life-Aged Care Consumers (QOL-ACC): an aged care-specific quality-of-life measure
Authors: Khadka J. , Ratcliffe J. , Hutchinson C. , Cleland J. , Mulhern B. , Lancsar E. , Milte R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the construct (convergent and known group) validity of the Quality-of-Life-Aged Care Consumer (QOL-ACC), an older-person-specific quality-of-life measure designed for application in quality assessment and economic evaluation in aged care.

Methods
Convergent validity was assessed by examining relationships with other validated preference-based measures (EQ-5D-5L, ASCOT), quality of aged care experience (QCE-ACC) and life satisfaction (PWI) through an online survey. Known-group validity was assessed by testing the ability to discriminate varying levels of care needs, self-reported health and quality of life.

Results
Older people (aged ≥ 65 years) receiving community-aged care (N = 313) responded; 54.6% were female, 41.8% were living alone and 56.8% were receiving higher-level care. The QOL-ACC and its six dimensions were low to moderately and significantly correlated with the EQ-5D-5L (correlation co-efficient range, ρ = 0.39–0.56). The QOL-ACC demonstrated moderate and statistically significant correlations with ASCOT (ρ = 0.61), the QCE-ACC (ρ = 0.51) and the PWI (ρ = 0.70). Respondents with poorer self-reported health status, quality of life and/or higher-level care needs demonstrated lower QOL-ACC scores (P < 0.001), providing evidence of known-group validity.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence of the construct validity of the QOL-ACC descriptive system. A preference-weighted value set is currently being developed for the QOL-ACC, which when finalised will be subjected to further validation assessments.
The Role of Birthplace Diversity in Shaping Education Gradients in Trust: Country and Regional Level Mediation-Moderation Analyses
Authors: Borgonovi Francesca , Pokropek Artur 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines between-country differences in why education promotes trust using data from 29 countries (and 146 regions) participating in the OECD’s Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). Results indicate that education is strongly associated with trust and that individuals’ literacy, income, and occupational prestige are important mediators of this association. Contrary to previous studies we do not find that country level or regional level birthplace diversity is associated with average levels of trust. However, education gradients in trust and the extent to which these are due to social stratification or cognitive mechanisms vary both at the country and regional level depending on birthplace diversity. Multilevel mediation-moderation analyses reveal that in countries and regions with greater birthplace diversity there is a greater polarization in levels of trust between individuals with different educational qualifications. This polarization is primarily due to cognitive mechanisms.
School connection through engagement associated with grade scores and emotions of adolescents: four factors to build engagement in schools
Authors: Bowles Terence , Scull Janet , Jimerson Shane R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated school connectedness, student engagement, academic grades, and student affect. Factor analyses of 331 adolescent students (Years 7, 9, and 11 in Australia), validated a four-factor model of school engagement. The factors revealed in the analyses were described as (1) future and task focus, (2) planning and motivation, (3) positive roles and models, and (4) positive social engagement. Cluster analyses revealed two typologies of students: a thriving group scoring significantly higher on all four factors than a striving group. There was a consistent number of students in each group across Years 7, 9 and 11. Compared to students in the striving group, on average, students in the thriving group scored significantly higher on grades (i.e., mathematics and English). Moreover, students in the thriving group were significantly higher on content and excited affects, and significantly less depressed and distressed compared to the students in the striving group. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
In-Situ Observation of the Effect of the Tribofilm Growth on Scuffing in Rolling-Sliding Contact
Authors: Ueda Mao , Spikes Hugh , Kadiric Amir 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
General reductions in lubricant viscosities in many machine components mean that the role of lubricant additives in forming tribofilms has become increasingly important to provide adequate surface protection against scuffing. However, the relationship between scuffing and the formation and removal of tribofilms has not been systematically demonstrated. In this study, a step-sliding speed scuffing test based on contra-rotation using MTM-SLIM and ETM-SLIM has been employed to observe concurrently tribofilm thickness and the onset of scuffing. The initial sliding speed used was found to significantly affect scuffing performance since it determines the extent to which a tribofilm can form before critical sliding speed conditions are reached. In general, additives that formed thicker tribofilms, especially ZDDPs and triphenyl phosphate, gave effective protection against scuffing, though their protective tribofilms were progressively removed at higher sliding speeds, eventually resulting in scuffing.

Graphical Abstract