bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Studies of Malaria in Gboko Metropolis, Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuefi Emmanuel Okwudili , Aribodor Dennis Nnanna , Joe-Ikechebelu Ngozi Nneka , Aribodor Ogechukwu Benedicta , Okechukwu Ifeoma Chizoba , Orjichukwu Obinna Ndubueze 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We carried out an epidemiological study of malaria in Gboko metropolis in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, North - Central Nigeria to determine the malaria prevalence, risk factors and perception to malaria control among patients attending the hospital clinics between April and June, 2021. We used Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), thin blood and thick blood film microscopy to sample the blood of 415 patients to determine specie, prevalence and intensity of malaria parasites. Also, structured questionnaire was administered to 400 individuals to obtain information on malaria management practices of the people. Chi-square test P < 0.05 was used to check for relationships between prevalence of malaria and other parameters in the study. The prevalence rate was found to be (55.7%) 231/415 and all (100%) were infections of Plasmodium falciparum. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence by age with the age groups 20–29 years having the highest prevalence of 68.9% (51/74). General Hospital Gboko recorded the highest prevalence of 74.3% (92/124) while Royal Hospital Gboko recorded the lowest prevalence of 31.6% (12/38) with a significant difference. The intensity of malaria infection showed that 45.9% (106/231) had moderate infection with no significant difference. In the administration of questionnaire, the respondents in Gboko demonstrated a good knowledge of malaria, 93.2% (373/400) opined that they have heard about malaria before. Respondents who do not sleep under LLINs recorded that 32.6% (30/92) do not have the mosquito net recorded, 17.4% (16/92) had no money to buy mosquito net while 10.9% (10/92) averred that it’s not comfortable sleeping under the net. Malaria public enlightenment efforts should be intensified to make malaria elimination not just possible but also achievable in Gboko Metropolis, Benue State.
Reanalysing cosmic microwave background radiation using a straight-line fit approach
Authors: Singh Sneha , Dhal Somita , Paul Ratan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we estimate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature using the data of the monopole spectrum and the dipole spectrum from COBE/FIRAS. Utilising the idea of straight-line fitting, we obtain the temperature and chemical potential. The temperature of the CMB is found to be \({2.728\pm 2.681\times 10}^{-5}\) K and \(2.728\pm 2.779\times {10}^{-5}\) K by using the data of the monopole and the dipole spectrum respectively. Handling the data of the monopole and the dipole spectrum, the chemical potential is obtained as \(4.858\times {10}^{-4}\pm 3.681\times {10}^{-5}\) and \(5.044\times {10}^{-4}\pm 3.762\times {10}^{-5}\) (95% confidence level) respectively. The amplitude of the CMB dipole, \({\text{T}}_{\text{a}\text{m}\text{p} }=3.387\pm 0.044\) mK is obtained at\(2.178\times {10}^{11}\)Hz. We get the fluctuation in chemical potential as \(\pm 4.945\times {10}^{-5}\) and \(\pm 5.126\times {10}^{-5}\) considering the variation in temperature by using the data of monopole and dipole spectrum respectively. While analysing the y-distortion we get a peak in the value of y at \(2.178\times {10}^{11}\)Hz and |y| = \(6.063\times {10}^{-5}\) excluding the peak.
Self-shielded Wideband Yagi Antenna with Rectangular Horn for 60 GHz Unlicensed Band
Authors: Jang Taehwan , Park Chul Soon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a self-shielded Yagi antenna with a rectangular horn for the 60 GHz unlicensed band. The rectangular horn is used for the isolation from the other electronics around the antenna. For the self-shielded Yagi antenna with a rectangular horn, a 28.5 % impedance bandwidth, a 33.3 % 3 dB-gain bandwidth, and a 12.7 dBi peak gain are achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed 60 GHz self-shielded antenna shows the widest bandwidth characteristics among those that have been reported.
A multicenter study investigating the oral health status and influencing factors in children with rheumatism: a protocol for cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Yunyun , Shi Songsong , Cui Hengmei , Chen Haoyang , Shen Biyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Rheumatic disease in children is a chronic systemic disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. A growing number of evidence shows that there is an important relationship between chronic systemic diseases and oral cavity. However, there is still a lack of research on children's rheumatic diseases and oral health in Eastern countries.Methods: This study is a multicenter cross-sectional study. The oral health status and habits of children with rheumatic diseases in China were analyzed by investigating the oral health status of children with rheumatic diseases newly diagnosed in four hospitals in Shanghai.Discussion: This study will fill the gap in oral health status and habits of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries. To analyze the influencing factors of oral health of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries. So as to better provide plans and guidance programs for oral health of children with rheumatic diseases in Eastern countries.
Causality Extraction Model Based on Two-stage GCN
Authors: Zhu Guangli , Sun Zhengyan , Zhang Shunxiang , Wei Subo , Li Kuan Ching 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the traditional methods, the low identification accuracy of cascade implicit causalities is caused by the lack of causal inference. To solve this problem, we propose a causality extraction model based on GCN to infer the causality of the text. It can analyze the cause-effect existing in the text and realize the deep extraction under semantic enhancement. First, the data are preprocessed, and BERT is used for pre-training. In the pre-training, the candidate entities are selected by entity links. The text encoding is used context semantics and embedding location coding. Then, the semantic dependency graph is used to obtain the relationship between entities. In addition, the nodes and edges obtained by the previous step are input into the first-stage GCN to extract the whole causality. Finally, the entity relation graph obtained by the first-stage GCN is introduced into the second-stage GCN for cascade inference. The causality of the cascade is inferred and extracted by a two-stage GCN. Experiments show that the model can find implicit causality more accurately generate new implicit causal entities on the original causality.
Assessing Landslide susceptibility of Bangad Kupinde municipality, Salyan, Karnali Province, Nepal
Authors: Rawal Tank , Joshi Suraj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This Paper examines the landslide susceptibility mapping of Bangad Kupinde Municipality which lies in Salyan district, Karnali Province Nepal.The hills are regarded as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world so, this study was conducted in order to know about the susceptibility of this municipality with respect to landslide. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcMap were used during the image processing and analysis. Besides, ArcMap toolbox Arc-Spatial Data Modeler was used for map validation. Sentinel 2 surface reflectance product i.e., MSI Level-2A product obtained from GEE database was used in the study. Similarly, a higher resolution ALOS PALSAR DEM (12.5m) was Alaska Satellite Facility`s distributed active archive center. Pre-processing was done before further processing and analysis of satellite images to enhance their quality and to bring them to a desired output. This study used pixel-based classification approach using Random Forest classifier for image classification. Landslide susceptibility map was obtained by integrating various landslide causative factors using Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP) and weighted overlay technique. Weighted overlay was used to integrate the factor whereas AHP was used to assign weight to the factors. Altogether seven factors i.e., land cover, NDVI, altitude, slope, aspect, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and stream network were used in producing the landslide susceptibility map. A total of 41 locations of landslides were determined by Google Earth digitization and field surveys which was used to create a landslide inventory map of the study area. Finally, a series of landslide susceptibility index were prepared based on AUC. The obtained Landslide Susceptibility Index was then classified into five categories of susceptibility levels namely: very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The results show that a total of 11.20% of area are under very high susceptible zone, 21.65% area under high susceptibility,28.22% area under moderate susceptibility, 25.70% area under low susceptibility and 13.23% area under very low susceptible zones.
Firearm-related juvenile death rates correlate with gun ownership rates, measures of guns in circulation and leniency of existing firearm laws among US states
Authors: Tomlinson Amanda , Paul Megan , Zhang Ruya , Liu Bian , Coakley Brian A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn the United States, firearms now rank as the second-leading cause of death among children and adolescents, trailing only motor-vehicle accidents. Prior reports have calculated that 87% of all children aged 0-14 killed by firearms in high-income countries are US children. This study sets out to determine how rates of gun ownership, surrogate markers for the number of guns in circulation and strictness of firearm-related correlated with firearm-related mortality among both juvenile and overall populations at the state level.MethodsFirearm-associated mortality rates among juveniles, as well as among all ages, were obtained for each US state from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The number of National Firearms Act weapons and federal firearms licensees for each state was taken from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). State-level gun ownership rates, poverty rates and unemployment rates were procured from the RAND corporation, US. Census Bureau and US Department of Labor, respectively. Mental health data was taken from the CDC’s behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Gifford Center Scorecard Rankings were used a relative measure of firearm law strictness. Bivariate linear regression was used to model the relationships between firearm-associated mortality as well as ATF registered weapons, ATF federal firearm licensees, Giffords Center scorecard rankings and gun-ownership rates. Multivariate analysis was then performed to control for state-level differences in poverty rates, unemployment rates and poor mental health.ResultsUnadjusted analysis showed that more ATF federal firearm licensees, higher gun ownership rates and more lenient gun laws were associated with increased rates of firearm-associated mortality among juveniles. Similarly, all 3 such measures as well as more ATF registered weapons were associated with increased rates of firearm-related death among overall populations. In the adjusted analysis, more ATF registered weapons, more ATF federal firearm licensees, higher gun ownership rates and more lenient firearm laws were all associated with higher rates of firearm-related mortality among both juvenile and overall populations. ConclusionsIn order to reduce the risk of firearm-associated death among children, US policy makers and stakeholders should focus on implementing more restrictive firearm laws and decreasing gun ownership rates.
Development and application of Fragment-based De novo inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum GST
Authors: Al-qattan Mohammed N. , Mordi Mohd N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Modulation of disease progression is frequently started by identifying biochemical pathway catalyzed by biomolecule that is prone to inhibition by small molecular weight ligands. Such ligands (leads) can be obtained from natural resources or synthetic libraries. However de novo design based on fragments assembly and optimization is showing increasing success. In this research, fragment-based approaches were used to design molecules that can fit glutathione (GSH) binding site of Plasmodium falciparum GST (PfGST). The involved approaches build molecules from fragments that are either isosteric to GSH sub-moieties (ligand-based) or successfully docked to GSH binding sub-pockets (structure-based). Selected fragments are joined to create ligands that were explored using molecular docking, Cartesian coordinate’s optimization, and simplified free energy determination as well as MD simulation and MMPBSA calculations. Compared to reference GST inhibitor of S-hexyl GSH, ligands with improved rigidity, synthetic accessibility and affinity to receptor were successfully designed.
Finding My Way from clinical trial to open access dissemination: Comparison of uptake, adherence, and psychosocial outcomes of an online program for cancer-related distress.
Authors: Beatty Lisa , Kemp Emma , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Few digital psycho-oncology programs have been adopted into routine practice; how these programs are used after trial completion remains unexplored. To address this, the present study transitioned our evidence-based 6-module CBT-based program, Finding My Way, into open access after completion of the RCT, and compared uptake, usage, and psychosocial outcomes to the earlier RCT.
Methods
Recruitment was passive, via promotion through (1) media and social media releases; (2) public lectures; (3) radio interviews and podcasts; and (4) clinician-initiated referral. Measures included: number of enrolled users; number of modules completed; and pre- and optional post-measures of distress and quality of life (QOL).
Results
Uptake was lower in OA (n = 120; 63% of RCT). Usage was markedly lower: 1.5 modules were completed on average (vs 3.7 in RCT), and only 13% completed a ‘therapeutic dose’ of 4 + modules (vs. 50% in RCT). Research attrition was high; n = 13 completed the post-measures. OA users were more sociodemographically and clinically diverse than RCT users; had higher baseline distress (OA Mpre=36.7, SD = 26.5; RCT Mpre= 26.5, SD = 21.7), and reported larger pre-post reductions than their RCT counterparts (OA Mpost=23.9, SD = 20.7; RCT Mpost=21.2, SD = 21.2). Moderate improvements in mental QOL occurred during OA (Mpre=37.3, SD = 12.6; Mpost=44.5, SD = 12.1), broadly replicating RCT findings.
Conclusion
Findings that OA users were more medically and socio-demographically diverse and distressed at baseline than their RCT counterparts, and - despite having lower usage of the program - achieved larger changes from baseline to post-program, will help to shape future intervention designed, tailoring, and dissemination.
Improving WHO’s Understanding of WHO Guideline Uptake and Use in Member States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Saluja Kiran , Re K.Srikanth , Wang Qi , Zhu Ying , Li Yanfei , Chu Xiajing , Li Rui , Hou Liangying , Horsley Tanya , Carden Fred , Bartolomeos Kidist , Roberts Janet Hatcher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) publishes public health, clinical and data-use guidelines to guide member states to achieve better health outcomes. Furthermore, the WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work for 2019−2023 prioritizes strengthening its normative functional role and uptake of normative and standard-setting products, including guidelines at the country level. Therefore, understanding WHO guideline uptake by the member states, particularly the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), is of utmost importance for the organization and scholarship.Methods:We conducted a scoping review using systematic review methods. We used a comprehensive search strategy to include published literature in English between 2007 - 2020. Six databases - CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Google Scholar) and grey literature were searched. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting the searches, screening and identification of evaluation studies from the literature. A narrative synthesis of the evidence around key barriers and challenges for WHO guideline uptake in LMICs is thematically presented.Results: The scoping review included 48 studies, and the findings were categorised into four themes –1) Lack of national legislation, regulations and policy coherence, 2) Inadequate experience, expertise and training of healthcare providers for guidelines uptake, 3) Funding limitations for guideline uptake and use, and 4) Inadequate healthcare infrastructure for guidelines compliance. These challenges were situated in the member states’ health systems. The findings suggest governance was often weak within the existing health systems amongst most of the LIMCs studied, as was the guidance provided by WHO’s guidelines on governance requirements. This challenge was further exacerbated by a lack of accountability and transparency mechanisms for uptake of guidelines and implementation. In addition, the WHO guidelines themselves were either unclear or weak and were technically challenging for some health conditions; but primarily, WHO guidelines were used as a reference by member states when they developed their national guidelines. Conclusions: The challenges identified reflect the national health systems’ (in)ability to allocate, implement, and monitor the guidelines. Historically this is beyond the remit of WHO but member states could benefit from WHO implementation guidance on requirements and needs for successful uptake and use of WHO guidelines.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of amino-3,5-dicyanopyryridines and thieno[2,3-b]pyridines as ligands of adenosine receptors
Authors: Nkomba Gaofenngwe , Terre'Blanche Gisella , Rensburg Helena Dorathea Janse van , Legoabe Lesetja J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the implication of adenosine in seizure suppression, adenosine-based therapies such as adenosine receptor (AR) agonists have been investigated. This study aimed at investigating thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as non-nucleoside A1 agonists that could be used in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE). Compound 7c (thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivative), displayed good binding affinity to the rA1 AR (Ki = 61.9 nM). This could be a breakthrough for further investigation of this heterocyclic scaffold as potential ligand. In silico evaluation of this compound raised bioavailability concerns but performed well on drug-likeness tests. The effect of intramolecular cyclisation that occurs during synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]pyridines from the lead compounds, amino-3,5-dicyanopyridine derivatives (6a-s) in relation to AR binding was also evaluated. A significant loss of activity against rA1/rA2A ARs with cyclisation was revealed. Amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines exhibited greater affinity towards rA1 ARs (Ki <10 nM) than rA2A. Compound 6c had the best rA1 affinity (Ki = 0.076 nM). Novel compounds (6d, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6o, 6p) were highly selective towards rA1 AR (Ki between 0.179 and 21.0nM). Based on their high selectivity for A1 ARs, amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines may be investigated further as AR ligands in PRE with the right structural optimisations and formulations.
Salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary radiation therapy, are benefits worth toxicity risk?: A systematic review
Authors: Bray Gerard , Bahadori Arya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for local prostate cancer recurrence following radiation therapy remains controversial. Salvage SBRT may cure disease recurrence however receives criticism as it carries with it risks of severe genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and side effects profile of salvage SBRT for locally recurrent prostate cancer to assess the role of salvage SBRT in clinical practice. A systematic review was carried out using Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were satisfied, and those studies included were quality assessed using the ROBINS-I checklist. Five studies in total met criteria for inclusion. Median doses for SBRT ranged from 30Gy to 36Gy delivered over 5 to 6 fractions. Recurrence free survival ranged from 40% to 76% at 2 years. Genitourinary toxicity was more prevalent than gastrointestinal toxicities. Grade 2 and 3 genitourinary complication rates ranged from 5 – 22% and 0 to 9% respectively. Gastrointestinal grade 2 complication rates ranged from 0 to 11% and no grade 3 complications were recorded. Lower dose SBRT generally was associated with less gastrointestinal and genitourinary side effects however had inferior recurrence free survival rates. This systematic review serves as one of the first to characterise SBRT as a salvage option for locally recurrent prostate cancer. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to guide whether the benefits outweigh the risk profile.
Ultrasound-guided the stellate ganglion block relieved the stress responses and improved early postoperative sleep in elderly patients after thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer
Authors: Gu Cuifang , Liu Xi , Lv Aijun , Ma Shasha , Hu Huan , Liu Lu , Li Xuan , Cheng Xiangyang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Thoracoscopic surgery is one of the main methods for the treatment of lung cancer. Most patients had severe sleep disorders after surgery, which affected the rapid recovery of patients. Postoperative sleep disturbance may be associated with strong stress responses. Our study was to evaluate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on stress responses and early postoperative sleep for the aging with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods: 92 eligible elderly people were included and randomly divided into the SGB group and control group. Before anesthesia induction, The patients in SGB group were given 0.5% ropivacaine 7ml to the stellate ganglion site , while scanned the stellate ganglion block site in the control group. We needed to monitor the sleep duration, N3 sleep stage and sleep efficiency index by BIS-Vista monitor at various time points. We also needed to recorded AIS score, VAS score, the concentration of cortisol, norepinephrine and 6-HMS at various time points.Results: Most of patients had insomnia after surgery in the both groups , but compared with the control group, patients in the SGB group showed longer sleep duration and N3 stage sleep, higher sleep efficiency index, lower AIS score, and higher concentration of 6-hydroxysulfate melatonin in urina sanguinis. In addition, the SGB treatment inhibited HPA and SAM axis, alleviated stress responses. And patients in the SGB group had lower concentration of cortisol and norepinephrine after surgery.Conclusions: The SGB treatment relieved the stress responses and improved the early postoperative sleep of elderly patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic surgery.