bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) associates with capsular invasion in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Yao Xiu , Guan Hua , Lin Yanjun , Li Yan , Ou Yanjing , Yan Mingdong , Lin Lisong , Zhu Xiaofeng , Shi Bin , Chen Jiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that pleomorphic adenoma (PA) exhibits a unique capsular invasion and with a crucial role in recurrence. This study was designed to explore RNA expression profiles in salivary gland PA in an attempt to further analyse genes associate with capsule invasion.MethodsWe evaluated the expression profiles of 4 salivary gland PA patients by RNA‐sequencing. The principal functions of the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) were explored using GO and KEGG analysis. Then, RT‐qPCR and correlation analyses were performed to verify the candidate DEGs in 59 PA patients, and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted to validate candidate DEGs. Finally, the COMP‐related genes were screened using correlation and biological pathway enrichment analysis, and further validated by RT‐qPCR.ResultsA total of 974 DEGs were significantly upregulated, and 1464 were downregulated (fold change ≥2.0; p < 0.05). Based on GO and KEGG analyses, extracellular matrix organization and the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway might play pivotal roles in the tumorigenesis of PA. 40 DEGs were screened and validated by RT‐qPCR, 11 upregulated and 5 downregulated DEGs were consistent with the sequencing results. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was identified to have a significant correlation with the capsular invasion of PA and expression of COMP in patients with invasive capsular PA was significantly stronger than PA. Finally, further results could reveal that 5 highest scoring genes were screened as hub genes for COMP.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that COMP may be a prognostic target for PA and might contribute to its capsular invasion.
Grape seed alleviates lindane‐induced oxidative stress and improves growth performance, caecal fermentation and antioxidant capacity in growing rabbits
Authors: Abu Hafsa Salma H. , Hassan Ayman A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the protective effect of grape seed on performance, caecal characteristics, blood metabolites and liver antioxidant status in lindane‐treated rabbits. Four‐week‐old New Zealand White rabbits (n = 96) with an initial body weight of 0.750 ± 0.23 g were randomly divided into four groups (n = 24). One group was the control received only corn oil orally, while group L were received lindane daily via gavage in corn oil (4 mg/kg BW; 1/50 LD50 for oral dose), group GS was treated with 50 g grape seed /kg diet, and group LGS treated with a combination of both L and GS for 98 days. Results revealed that final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake and feed efficiency (FE) were similar between GS and control groups, and achieved the highest FBW and ADG, and the best FE. Caecum pH of the L group increased, while the caecum pH of the GS group decreased sharply. There was a significant increase in the concentration of total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid and NH3‐N in the GS group, but butyric acid level decreased. GS treatment resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of total protein, albumin and AChE. GPx, GST, CAT and SOD activity decreased, but TBARS activity significantly increased in the group L, while GS caused a significant elevation of antioxidant activity in the liver. These results confirm that the antioxidant compounds present in grape seed can alleviate the oxidative stress caused by lindane‐induced hepatotoxicity and could be a useful supplement to maintain health and improve performance in rabbits.
Flexible work organization and employer provided training: Evidence from German linked employer‐employee data
Authors: Campaner Annika , Heywood John S. , Jirjahn Uwe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine the hypothesis that flexible work organization involves greater skill requirements and, hence, an increased likelihood of receiving employer provided training. The analysis is based on unique linked employer‐employee data from Germany for the years 2012, 2014 and 2016 (12,924 pooled observations from 9,440 employees in 1,903 establishments). Our results confirm that employees are more likely to receive training when their jobs are characterized by greater decision‐making autonomy and task variety, two essential elements of flexibility. Critically, the training associated with workplace flexibility does not simply reflect technology. Skill‐biased organizational change plays its own role. Moreover, we show that the training associated with workplace flexibility is disproportionately oriented toward employees with a greater formal education. We find little evidence of an age or a gender bias of workplace flexibility.
Root metabolome of plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mirrors the mutualistic or parasitic mycorrhizal phenotype
Authors: Kaur Sukhmanpreet , Campbell Barbara J. , Suseela Vidya 
Published: January 2022

Summary

The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with plants, the most ancient and widespread association, exhibits phenotypes that range from mutualism to parasitism. However, we still lack an understanding of the cellular‐level mechanisms that differentiate and regulate these phenotypes.

We assessed the modulation in growth parameters and root metabolome of two sorghum accessions inoculated with two AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Gigaspora gigantea), alone and in a mixture under phosphorus (P) limiting conditions. Rhizophagus irregularis exhibited a mutualistic phenotype with increased P uptake and plant growth.

This positive outcome was associated with a facilitatory metabolic response including higher abundance of organic acids and specialized metabolites critical to maintaining a functional symbiosis. However, G. gigantea exhibited a parasitic phenotype that led to plant growth depression and resulted in inhibitory plant metabolic responses including the higher abundance of p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime with antifungal properties.

These findings suggest that the differential outcome of plant–AMF symbiosis could be regulated by or reflected in changes in the root metabolome that arises from the interaction of the plant species with the specific AMF species. A mutualistic symbiotic association prevailed when the host plants were exposed to a mixture of AMF. Our results provide a metabolome‐level landscape of plant–AMF symbiosis and highlight the importance of the identity of both AMF and crop genotypes in facilitating a mutualistic AMF symbiosis.
Effects of Added Humic Substances and Nutrients on Photochemical Degradation of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Mesocosm Amendment Experiment in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Authors: Ma Kun , Powers Leanne C. , Seppälä Jukka , Norkko Joanna , Brandes Jay A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHumic substances, a component of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM), contribute to dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) in coastal waters, and have significant impacts on biogeochemistry. There are concerns in recent years over browning effects in surface waters due to increasing tDOM inputs, and their negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems, but relatively little work has been published on estuaries and coastal waters. Photodegradation could be a significant sink for tDOM in coastal environments, but the rates and efficiencies are poorly constrained. We conducted large‐scale DOM photodegradation experiments in mesocosms amended with humic substances and nutrients in the Gulf of Finland to investigate the potential of photochemistry to remove added tDOM and the interactions of DOM photochemistry with eutrophication. The added tDOM was photodegraded rapidly, as CDOM absorption decreased and spectral slopes increased with increasing photons absorbed in laboratory experiments. The in situ DOM optical properties became similar among the control, humic‐ and humic+nutrients‐amended mesocosm samples toward the end of the amendment experiment, indicating degradation of the excess CDOM/DOM through processes including photodegradation. Nutrient additions did not significantly influence the effects of added humic substances on CDOM optical property changes, but induced changes in DOM removal.
Supplementation of freezing medium with encapsulated or free glutathione during cryopreservation of bull sperm
Authors: Nadri Touba , Towhidi Armin , Zeinoaldini Saeed , Riazi Gholamhossein , Sharafi Mohsen , Zhandi Mahdi , Kastelic John , Gholami Dariush 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective was to compare effects of encapsulated or free glutathione (GSH) on the quality of frozen‐thawed bull sperm. Ejaculates were collected via artificial vagina from six mature Holstein bulls once weekly for 6 weeks. All ejaculates had motility ≥70%, sperm concentration ≥1.0 × 109/ml and ≤15% morphologically abnormal sperm. Each week, semen was pooled and diluted with lecithin‐based extenders containing various concentrations of encapsulated (E0, E1, E2.5 and E5 mM) or free (F0, F1, F2.5 and F5 mM) GSH, with total glutathione content determined before and after cryopreservation. Total GSH in fresh semen was (mean+SEM) 4.8 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, whereas in frozen‐thawed semen of group F0 (control), it decreased to 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, a 70.8% reduction (p < .05). In addition, total GSH in frozen‐thawed semen from groups E2.5, E5 and F5 were 2.4 ± 0.2, 2.8 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, respectively (E5 versus. F0, p < .05). Compared to group F0, frozen‐thawed sperm from group E2.5 had greater (p < .05) percentages of sperm that were viable (Annexin‐V) (61.1 ± 1.8 versus. 71.1 ± 1.8) and that had cell membrane integrity (eosin‐nigrosin) (64.5 ± 3.1 versus. 80.0 ± 3.1). Furthermore, frozen‐thawed sperm from group E2.5 had the numerically highest total and progressive motility (CASA) and cell membrane functionality (HOS) and the lowest percentage of early apoptotic sperm (Annexin‐V). However, acrosome membrane integrity (PSA) of E5 had the lowest mean (p < .05), whereas E2.5 caused a small nonsignificant decrease (69.1 ± 1.4%) compared to E0 and F0. In conclusion, 2.5 mM encapsulated GSH in semen extender significantly improved the quality of frozen‐thawed bull sperm.
Comparing the Real-World Performance of Exponential-Family Random Graph Models and Latent Order Logistic Models for Social Network Analysis
Authors: Clark Duncan A. , Handcock Mark S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExponential-family random graph models (ERGMs) are widely used in social network analysis when modelling data on the relations between actors. ERGMs are typically interpreted as a snapshot of a network at a given point in time or in a final state. The recently proposed Latent Order Logistic model (LOLOG) directly allows for a latent network formation process. We assess the real-world performance of these models when applied to typical networks modelled by researchers. Specifically, we model data from an ensemble of articles in the journal Social Networks with published ERGM fits, and compare the ERGM fit to a comparable LOLOG fit. We demonstrate that the LOLOG models are, in general, in qualitative agreement with the ERGM models, and provide at least as good a model fit. In addition, they are typically faster and easier to fit to data, without the tendency for degeneracy that plagues ERGMs. Our results support the general use of LOLOG models in circumstances where ERGMs are considered.
Empirical Bayes PCA in High Dimensions
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Su Chang , Fan Zhou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen the dimension of data is comparable to or larger than the number of data samples, principal components analysis (PCA) may exhibit problematic high-dimensional noise. In this work, we propose an empirical Bayes PCA method that reduces this noise by estimating a joint prior distribution for the principal components. EB-PCA is based on the classical Kiefer–Wolfowitz non-parametric maximum likelihood estimator for empirical Bayes estimation, distributional results derived from random matrix theory for the sample PCs and iterative refinement using an approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. In theoretical ‘spiked’ models, EB-PCA achieves Bayes-optimal estimation accuracy in the same settings as an oracle Bayes AMP procedure that knows the true priors. Empirically, EB-PCA significantly improves over PCA when there is strong prior structure, both in simulation and on quantitative benchmarks constructed from the 1000 Genomes Project and the International HapMap Project. An illustration is presented for analysis of gene expression data obtained by single-cell RNA-seq.
The association between the locations of arteriovenous fistulas and patency rates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gan Wenyuan , Shao Danni , Zhu Fan , Xu Li , Tuo Yanhong , Mao Huihui , Wang Wenzhe , Xiao Wei , Xu Fang , Chen Wenli , Zeng Xingruo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) continue to be the most prevalent type of vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). However, the appropriate locations of AVF are controversial. We conducted the meta‐analysis to investigate the differences in patency between upper‐arm and forearm AVF.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ISI Web of Science were searched to identify studies with differences in AVF patency at different locations. Reviewers searched the database, screened studies according to inclusion criteria, and conducted Meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 12 studies involving 3437 patients were selected. Pooled data showed that primary patency (PP) of AVF were higher in upper‐arm than forearm at 1 and 2 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, p = 0.0005; OR = 2.45, p = 0.001), but the differences in cumulative patency (CP) were not statistically significant at 1 and 2 years (OR = 2.10, p = 0.08; OR = 2.16, p = 0.1). The differences in PP and CP between upper‐arm and forearm AVF in patients older than 65 years were not statistically significant at 1 (OR = 1.61, p = 0.05; OR = 2.05, p = 0.17) and 2 years (OR = 3.40, p = 0.13; OR = 1.38, p = 0.16). In Asian patients, the differences in PP and CP between upper‐arm and forearm AVF were not statistically significant at 1 (OR = 1.17, p = 0.41; OR = 1.02, p = 0.94) and 2 years (OR = 2.95, p = 0.08; OR = 1.23, p = 0.41).ConclusionsIn this study, the CP of upper‐arm and forearm AVF was similar in overall population. There was no difference in PP and CP of AVF between upper‐arm and forearm in Asian population or the elderly. The forearm AVF could be consider to be the first choice. for Asian patients or the elderly.
Short‐term high‐intensity interval training improves fitness before surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Woodfield John C. , Clifford Kari , Wilson Genevieve A. , Munro Fran , Baldi James C. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeImproving cardiopulmonary reserve, or peak oxygen consumption( O2peak), may reduce postoperative complications; however, this may be difficult to achieve between diagnosis and surgery. Our primary aim was to assess the efficacy of an approximate 14‐session, preoperative high‐intensity interval training(HIIT) program to increase O2peak by a clinically relevant 2 ml·kg−1·min−1. Our secondary aim was to document clinical outcomes.MethodologyIn this prospective study, participants aged 45–85 undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomized to standard care or 14 sessions of HIIT over 4 weeks. HIIT sessions involved approximately 30 min of stationary cycling. Interval training alternated 1 min of high (with the goal of reaching 90% max heart rate at least once during the session) and low/moderate‐intensity cycling. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET) measured the change in O2peak from baseline to surgery. Clinical outcomes included postoperative complications, length of stay(LOS), and Short Form 36 quality of life questionnaire(SF‐36).ResultsOf 63 participants, 46 completed both CPETs and 50 completed clinical follow‐up. There was a significant improvement in the HIIT group's mean ± SD O2peak (HIIT 2.87 ± 1.94 ml·kg1·min−1 vs standard care 0.15 ± 1.93, with an overall difference of 2.73 ml·kg1·min−1 95%CI [1.53, 3.93] p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for clinical outcomes, although the observed differences consistently favored the exercise group. This was most notable for total number of complications (0.64 v 1.16 per patient, p = 0.07), SF‐36 physical component score (p = 0.06), and LOS (mean 5.5 v 7.4 days, p = 0.07).ConclusionsThere was a significant improvement in O2peak with a four‐week preoperative HIIT program. Further appropriately powered work is required to explore the impact of preoperative HIIT on postoperative clinical outcomes.
Harnessing growth mindsets to help individuals flourish
Authors: Burnette Jeni L. , Billingsley Joseph , Hoyt Crystal L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPsychologists are uniquely positioned to help with our collective obligation to advance scientific knowledge in ways that help individuals to flourish. Growth mindsets may offer one such tool for improving lives, yet some research questions the potential to replicate key findings. The aims in the current work are to help explain mixed results and outline ways to improve intervention impact. To reach these goals, we first offer a brief overview of the links between growth mindsets and psychological flourishing. Second, we outline key theories of causal mechanisms and summarize sources of meaningful heterogeneity in growth mindset interventions, with a focus on those designed to improve mental health. Third, we provide cautionary notes that highlight nuances of growth mindset messaging in contexts with stigmatized social identities. Fourth, to conclude, we suggest areas for future research aimed at understanding how to most powerfully harness growth mindsets to help individuals reach optimal psychological functioning.
Fuzzy Concept Evaluation Based on Prospect Theory and Heterogeneous Evaluation Information
Authors: Jiang Shaofei , Dou Yubo , He Shun , Tan Bowen , Peng Xiang , Jing Liting 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Concept evaluation is the core stage of new product development and has a significant impact on the downstream process of product development. Because of the uncertainty and ambiguity of early design information, the concept evaluation process not only relies on the semantic terms of decision makers (DMs) but also includes uncertain criteria values (such as crisp numbers and interval numbers). In addition, DMs will have psychological preference errors when evaluating concepts owing to the risks taken in the evaluation. To address these drawbacks, a fuzzy concept evaluation approach based on prospect theory and heterogeneous evaluation information is proposed. Initially, based on the definition of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs), a numerical model is developed to unify the representation of crisp numbers, interval numbers, and fuzzy numbers, and a normalized decision matrix is constructed. Second, a weight distribution method of DMs is proposed, which introduces hesitation and similarity, and the weighted intuitionistic fuzzy evaluation information is transformed into interval IFNs. Third, the weight of the evaluation criteria is determined using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory model (DEMATEL), and an evaluation information correction model based on the prospect theory is established to select the optimal concepts. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a bar-peeling machine, and a comparison and sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify the robustness of the decision results.
Review of Urban Heat Island and Building Energy Modeling Approaches
Authors: Ameer B. , Krarti M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a review of the current literature in modeling urban heat island (UHI) phenomena including its main causes and effects is summarized. The main goal of the review is to assess the current modeling capabilities to accurately determine the impacts of UHI on outdoor comfort levels and urban building energy demands. In particular, the analysis techniques and modeling approaches are overviewed to estimate the mutual thermal interactions between urban atmosphere and buildings. In addition, the applications and the limitations of various modeling methods are discussed to predict outdoor thermal comfort and urban building energy consumption. The specific capabilities of the reviewed modeling approaches are highlighted to assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies of the UHI effects. As part of the review analysis, recommendations are outlined to improve current modeling approaches to predict more accurately the impacts of UHI phenomena on urban building energy performance.
Level Set-Based Structural Optimization With Uniform Wall Thickness for Wire-Fed Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tran Quang Dat , Kambampati Sandilya , Kim H. Alicia , Jang Gang-Won 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new three-dimensional structural optimization is presented based on the level set method to obtain favorable designs for wire-fed metal additive manufacturing with uniform wall thickness. By exploiting the signed distance nature of a level set function, a structure under design is always defined as a thin domain with uniform thickness without employing any constrains or penalty functionals. The boundary surfaces of a thin-walled domain are defined as the surfaces with level set values of ±t/2(t: wall thickness). Design velocity can be represented in terms of curvatures of the zero-level-set surface, extended to level set grids in the narrow band. Therefore, the calculation of accurate curvatures on the zero-level set is crucial for correct design sensitivities. In this investigation, mean and Gaussian curvatures at a point on the triangle mesh of the discretized zero-level set are calculated by spatial averages over the Voronoi cell of the point, by which the sensitivity of a material volume can be calculated with optimal accuracy. To address the high computational cost by a dense regular mesh for representing thin walls, degrees of freedom in void regions is mostly removed. Design examples of beams and a T-joint structure with uniform thickness are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experimental Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient on Impingement Cooled Gear Flanks: Validation of the Evaluation Method
Authors: Ayan Emre , von Plehwe Felix C. , Keller Marc C. , Kromer Christian , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the heat transfer characteristics of impingement cooling of high-speed high-power gears is essential to design a reliable gearbox for a new generation of jet engines. However, experimental data on the impingement cooling of gears is limited in the literature. The experimental setup at the Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery aims at closing this gap. It includes a rotating gear instrumented with thermocouples. The measured temperatures are used to determine a spatially resolved heat transfer coefficient distribution on the gear tooth. The iterative evaluation approach applied in the postprocessing of the experimental data is validated with two reference cases. First, it is shown that the interpolation of temperature data between thermocouple locations leads to inaccurate results and would not be valid for the evaluation of the experiments, even if the number of thermocouples were increased. The iterative evaluation approach can reproduce the reference heat transfer coefficient distributions very accurately even with a low spatial resolution of temperature data. A new iterative method based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is implemented within this study. The new method generally converges faster than the existing method. The difference in required computational time is negligible in the easy to evaluate high heat transfer case, whereas a speed-up of up to three times is observed in the relatively cumbersome evaluation of the low heat transfer case.