bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Resource Utilization with Free or Pedicled Perforator Flaps in Distal Leg Reconstruction
Authors: Hsiao Jo-Chun , Zelenski Nicole A. , Tseng Yi-Ju , Hsu Chung-Chen , Chen Shih-Heng , Lin Chih-Hung , Lin Cheng-Hung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background The decision between local and free tissue coverage for distal lower leg defects has long been dictated by the location and size of defects. Recent reports of distal defects treated successfully with pedicled perforator flaps demonstrate equivalent clinical outcomes; however, the complication rate can be high. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cost equivalence of free versus pedicled perforator flap to assist decision-making and guide clinical care.
Methods The institutional database was searched for patients with acute injury over the distal lower extremity requiring free or pedicled perforator flap. Demographic, clinical, and total resource cost was gathered. Patients were matched to Gustilo–Anderson or Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen classification as well as size of defect and outcomes, and cost compared.
Results We have included 108 free flaps and 22 pedicled perforator flaps in the study. There was no difference in complication rate between groups. Free flaps had significantly more reoperations, required longer operative time, and had longer intensive care unit (ICU) care with higher cost of surgery and overall cost than pedicled flaps. When controlling for size of defect, surgical cost remained significantly different between groups (p = 0.013), but overall cost did not. Multivariable regression analysis indicated flap type to be the primary driver of cost of surgery, while body mass index elevated the total cost.
Conclusion Pedicled perforator flap coverage for small to medium-sized defects (< 70 cm2) is a viable and cost-effective option for distal lower leg soft tissue reconstruction after acute traumatic injury with similar clinical outcomes and shorter operative duration and ICU stay.
Bilateral Native Kidney Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas in a 11-Year-Old Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: Durakbaşa Çiğdem Ulukaya , Ugurlu Deniz , Bozbeyoglu Sabriye Gulcin , Aydoner Sinem , Seneldir Hatice , Candir Mehmet Onur , Candan Cengiz , Gemici Atilla 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRenal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common renal tumors in adults and are usually sporadic and unilateral. Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing RCC. RCC development after kidney transplantation is very rarely reported in children. We present a 11-year-old boy who had cadaveric kidney transplantation for kidney failure 2 years ago. He was under immunosuppressive therapy and presented with microscopic hematuria. An ultrasound (US) revealed bilateral solid renal masses. Further cross-sectional imaging showed a 60 × 70 × 60-mm right renal mass with claw sign and a 5 × 6 × 6-mm mass in the left renal lower pole. A bilateral radical nephroureterectomy of native kidneys was performed. The pathology revealed bilateral papillary RCC without TFE3 upregulation. The patient was kept on low-dose immunosuppressive therapy in the perioperative period. He received no chemotherapy but a close radiological surveillance was undertaken. He is tumor-free 2 years after the operation. RCC is a rare tumor for children and bilateralism is even rarer. The child had a history of chronic kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis, and immunosuppressive therapy. As there are no standardized protocols regarding imaging in transplanted kidneys routine surveillance, US follow-up should also focus on detecting malignancy.
The Management of Salivary Fistulas
Authors: Belcastro Alexandra , Reed William , Puscas Liana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPostoperative salivary fistula is an especially undesirable complication because it can be difficult to address, may delay postoperative radiation, and always delays enteral nutrition. Patients who are malnourished, have already undergone radiotherapy, or are hypothyroid are at higher risk of developing this problem. Conservative measures work in most patients, but a significant percentage of patients require intervention beyond pressure dressings and tincture of time. Medications, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical intervention may be required when fistulas do not heal in a timely manner. Decisions about the approach and timing of more aggressive interventions are part of the art of medicine since definitive scientific protocols are lacking.
Management of the Failing Flap
Authors: Slijepcevic Allison A. , Yang Sara , Petrisor Daniel , Chandra Srinivasa R. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFree tissue transfer has become the reconstructive modality of choice for replacing composite tissue defects. While the success rate in high-volume centers is reported to be greater than 95%, up to 10% of patients will require revision of their vascular anastomosis secondary to thrombosis or compromise to flow. In the intraoperative setting, immediate revision is successful in the majority of cases. Rarely, the flap cannot be revascularized and a secondary option must be used. In the perioperative setting revision is successful if the patient can be brought back to the operating room in a timely fashion. Revision rates up to 70% are reported. A small number of these patients may then suffer a second episode of compromise where revision is less successful at 30%. In these cases, consideration should be given to secondary reconstruction rather than attempting salvage. Finally, there are a small number of patients whose flaps will fail following discharge from the hospital. These patients can rarely be salvaged and secondary reconstructive options should be explored.
Predicting the extent to which excess lipid is deposited in the physical components of a broiler when dietary protein content is reduced
Authors: Reis Matheus P. , Sakomura Nilva K. , Azevedo Jefferson M. , Viana Gabriel S. , Dorigam Juliano César P. , Fernandes Joao Batista K. , Gous Robert M. 
Published: December 2022

Context The weight of each of the physical parts of the body of broilers, predicted using their allometric relationship with feather-free body protein, differs with the level of dietary protein offered. Aims The objective of this study was to account for the excess lipid that is deposited differentially in the physical parts of the body of broilers when dietary protein content is decreased. Methods In total, 2496 day-old Cobb 500® and Ross 308® broilers, equally divided between males and females, were used in a 56-day feeding trial. The experimental design used was a response experiment with six balanced protein concentrations (0.60, 0.70, 0.85, 1.00, 1.15 and 1.30 of the recommendation), with two factors (males and females) and two strains (Cobb and Ross). On Days 14, 28, 42 and 56 post-hatch, eight broilers from each feed × sex × strain combination were euthanised and partitioned into breast, legs, wings, and remainder. Each component was weighed and subsequentially analysed for water, protein and lipid. Allometric equations between the component weights and body protein weight were fitted to describe the responses. Key results In the allometric equations used to describe the additional weight of each component, at a given body protein weight, resulting from the additional amount of lipid that is deposited in the component as a result of reducing the dietary protein content, only the constant terms were affected. By expressing these constant terms as a proportional increase above the genetically determined level of fatness, described by males on the highest dietary protein feed, equations were derived that described the rate of increase in lipid weight with a change in dietary protein content. Conclusions When predicting the weights of different components in the body by using the allometric relationships between the component weight and body protein weight, equations are now available to correct the weights of the respective components of broilers for the additional amount of lipid that would be deposited as a result of feeding dietary protein contents below that required to achieve the genetically desired level of fatness in each component. Implications With the equations presented herein, one can predict the weights of commercial broiler parts, considering the extra fat deposited due to the dietary balanced protein offered, which may lead to decisions that increase the economic return of poultry production.
Facial synthesis of V-doped α-MoO3 nanoparticles for potential ethanol/alcohol sensors
Authors: Jain Vishva , Doshi Yash , Raval Adhish V , Shah Dimple 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pure and vanadium doped α-MoO3 nanoparticles have been synthesized via a facile liquid state chemical reaction process. The annealed powder was then characterized by various analysis techniques. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), Raman spectroscopy, UV visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis have been used to analyze the changes in thermal, structural, morphology, functional and optical property of prepared samples. The results from the structural characterization showed no distortions and phase change in the structure of α-MoO3 with an increase in doping concentration of V-element up to 8% and Raman confirms the result obtained from XRD. BET reveals that when vanadium doping increases, the surface area of the samples increases. It was also discovered that as the vanadium concentration in MoO3 increases, the optical band gap reduces. The impact of V-doping on MoO3’s gas sensing performance was investigated. The study concludes the response towards the gases increases with an increase in the concentration of V-doping. The measured response for ethanol and methanol is almost 10 times higher than other gases which show good selectivity towards alcohol. The response time decreases from 175 s to 37 s (100 ppm) whereas recovery time increases from 120 s to 326 s (100 ppm) with an increase in doping concentration in MoO3.
Design and verification of an all-dielectric metamaterial and its application in wide-spectrum measurement of clothing fabrics
Authors: Huang Ge , Su Nanguang , Zhong Min 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The application of metamaterial sensors is a hot topic in the field of material measurement. However, the resonant absorption modes are difficult to be eliminated due to many metamaterial sensors containing metal arrays. In measurements of the clothing fabrics, absorption rate requires a smooth spectrum in a wide frequency range. Here, an all-dielectric metamaterial is proposed and measured, and a smooth absorption spectrum is achieved (average absorptivity of 25.2%). When this metamaterial is covered by a fabric sample (Polyester), the measured average absorptivity is 41.5%. When the thickness of the fabric sample Polyester is set to be 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.5 mm, the measured average absorptivity of the Polyester is: 41.5%, 48.3, 57.6, 62.1, respectively. Moreover, four fabric samples are measured and the achieved absorptivity is: 41.5%, 25.1%, 34.3%, and 56.6%, respectively. The simulated results are close to the measurement results. This all-dielectric metamaterial demonstrates the feasibility of clothing fabric measurement.
Modeling the Vertical Distribution of the Milky Way’s Flat Subsystem Objects
Authors: Nikiforov Igor’ I. , Usik Vadim A. , Veselova Angelina V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is an initial stage of consideration of the general problem of joint modeling of the vertical structure of a Galactic flat subsystem and the average surface of the disk of the Galaxy, taking into account the natural and measurement dispersions. We approximate the average surface of the Galactic disk in the region covered by the data with a general (polynomial) model and determine its parameters by minimizing the squared deviations of objects along the normal to the model surface. The smoothness of the model, i.e., its order n, is optimized. An outlier elimination algorithm is applied. The developed method allows us to simultaneously identify significant details of the Galactic warping and estimate the offset z
☉ of the Sun relative to the average (in general, non-flat) surface of the Galactic disk and the vertical scale of the object system under consideration for an arbitrary area of the disk covered by data. The method is applied to data on classical Cepheids. Significant local extremes of the average disk surface model were found based on Cepheid data: the minimum in the first Galactic quadrant and the maximum in the second. A well-known warp (lowering of the disk surface) in the third quadrant has been confirmed. The optimal order of the model describing all these warping details was found to be n
o = 4. The local (for a small neighborhood of the Sun, n
o = 0) estimate of

z

⊙

=
28.1
±

6.1

stat

.

±
1.3

cal

.

pc is close to the non-local (taking into account warping, n
o = 4)

z

☉

=
27.1
±

8.8

stat
.

−
1.2

+
1.3

cal
.

pc (statistical and calibration uncertainties are indicated), which suggests that the proposed modeling method eliminates the influence of warping on the z
☉ estimate. However, the non-local estimate of the vertical standard deviation of Cepheids

σ

ρ

=
132.0
±

3.7

stat
.

−
5.9

+
6.3

cal
.

pc differs significantly from the local

σ

ρ

=

76.5
±
4.4

stat
.

−
3.4

+
3.6

cal
.

pc, which implies the need to introduce more complex models for the vertical distribution outside the Sun’s vicinity.
Strategic uses for ancillary bioenergy in a carbon-neutral and fossil-free 2050 European energy system
Authors: Wu Fei , Muller Adrian , Pfenninger Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biomass is a growing renewable energy source in Europe and is envisioned to play a role for realising carbon neutrality, predominantly using dedicated energy crops. However, dedicated biomass is controversial for reasons including its competition with food production or its land-use and emissions impacts. Here we examine the potential role of a land-free alternative: ancillary bioenergy (AB) from biomass sources not primarily grown for energy and without land/food/feed competition. We provide the first dataset of 2050 ancillary biomass potential using the agricultural system model SOLm, which encompasses untapped by-/co-products and detailed agricultural residues. Results show that there is a limited future potential for AB in Europe (2394–10 342 PJ, which is 3–6 times lower than other estimates including dedicated biomass). We design and investigate alternative scenarios where this bioenergy resource can be fully utilised, not utilised at all, or utilised optimally by the sector-coupled energy system model Euro-Calliope. We find that fully utilising ancillary biomass can help phase out controversial nuclear or land-intensive dedicated biomass, so might achieve higher societal acceptability. Using all ancillary biomass as a negative-emissions source at stationary bioenergy carbon capture and storage plants in a nuclear-free system provides additional climate benefits. It is also possible to leave the AB potential completely unused, which barely increases total system cost, but would preserve agricultural nutrients. We conclude that there are synergies and trade-offs among possible strategic uses of AB, which can provide guidelines for a more coherent European bioenergy strategy. Although the 2050 potential of AB is limited, our findings suggest that it could fill critical strategic niches for realising carbon-neutrality.
Democracy and the Novel in the US: An Introduction
Authors: Smith Rachel Greenwald , Hutner Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This introduction outlines the rationale and some of the key concerns of this special issue on democracy and the novel in the US. Beginning with George Saunders’s experiment with democratic form in Lincoln in the Bardo (2017), we turn to some points of tension that emerge in taking up the question of US democracy now. As many contributors observe, US liberal democracy was built upon practices of settler colonialism, slavery, racial capitalism, and xenophobia. And yet the danger posed by antidemocratic right-wing movements today makes the question of the relationship between the novel and democracy newly relevant. How, then, does the novel critique the violence of liberal democratic institutions? How do novels imagine alternative democratic possibilities? What do different subgenres of the novel—experimental, literary, speculative, pulp, graphic—offer in their understanding of democracy? And how have novels throughout US history—from the immediate post-Revolutionary period through Reconstruction, modernism, and through the 1960s to the present—treated the specific democratic and antidemocratic currents of their time?Perhaps this belief that novels can give insights into the failures of US liberal democracy even as they may speculate as to what alternative democratic forms will look like is one explanation why so many of our contributions hold out hope for the novel to retain—in one form or another—its long-argued connection to democracy.
Heave reduction of payload through crane control based on deep reinforcement learning using dual offshore cranes
Authors: Bae Jun-Hyeok , Cha Ju-Hwan , Ha Sol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOffshore operation causes the dynamic motion of offshore cranes and payload by the ocean environment. The motion of the payload lowers the safety and efficiency of the work, which may increase the working time or cause accidents. Therefore, we design a control method for the crane using artificial intelligence to minimize the heave motion of the payload. Herein, reinforcement learning (RL), which calculates actions according to states, is applied. Furthermore, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is used because the actions need to be determined in a continuous state. In the DDPG algorithm, the state is defined as the motion of the crane and speed of the wire rope, and the action is defined as the speed of the wire rope. In addition, the reward is calculated using the motion of the payload. In this study, the heave motion of the payload was reduced by developing an agent suitable for adjusting the length of the wire rope. The heave motion of the payload was compared in between the non-learning condition of the RL-based control and proportional integral differential (PID) control; and an average payload reduction rate of 30% was observed under RL-based control. The RL-based control performed better than the PID control under learned conditions.
Secondary meningioma after cranial irradiation: case series and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Maeda Yugo , Onishi Shumpei , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Takayasu Takeshi , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSecondary meningioma after cranial irradiation, so-called radiation-induced meningioma, is one of the important late effects after cranial radiation therapy. In this report, we analyzed our case series of secondary meningioma after cranial irradiation and conducted a critical review of literature to reveal the characteristics of secondary meningioma.Materials and methodsWe performed a comprehensive literature review by using Pubmed, MEDLINE and Google scholar databases and investigated pathologically confirmed individual cases. In our institute, we found pathologically diagnosed seven cases with secondary meningioma between 2000 and 2018. Totally, 364 cases were analyzed based on gender, WHO grade, radiation dose, chemotherapy. The latency years from irradiation to development of secondary meningioma were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier analysis. Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between age at irradiation and the latency years.ResultsThe mean age at secondary meningioma development was 35.6 ± 15.7 years and the mean latency periods were 22.6 ± 12.1 years. The latency periods from irradiation to the development of secondary meningioma are significantly shorter in higher WHO grade group (P = 0.0026, generalized Wilcoxon test), higher radiation dose group (P &lt; 0.0001) and concomitant systemic chemotherapy group (P = 0.0003). Age at irradiation was negatively associated with the latency periods (r = −0.23231, P &lt; 0.0001, Spearman’s correlation test).ConclusionCranial irradiation at older ages, at higher doses and concomitant chemotherapy was associated with a shorter latency period to develop secondary meningiomas. However, even low-dose irradiation can cause secondary meningiomas after a long latency period. Long-term follow-up is necessary to minimize the morbidity and mortality caused by secondary meningioma after cranial irradiation.
Water availability and plant–herbivore interactions
Authors: Lin Po-An , Kansman Jessica , Chuang Wen-Po , Robert Christelle , Erb Matthias , Felton Gary W 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWater is essential to plant growth and drives plant evolution and interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, and these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How plant water availability influences plant–herbivore interactions in the future is an important question in basic and applied ecology. Here we summarize and synthesize the recent discoveries on the impact of water availability on plant antiherbivore defense ecology and the underlying physiological processes. Water deficit tends to enhance plant resistance and escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects other defense strategies, including indirect defense and tolerance. However, exceptions are sometimes observed in specific plant–herbivore species pairs. We discuss the effect of water availability on species interactions associated with plants and herbivores from individual to community levels and how these interactions drive plant evolution. Although water stress and many other abiotic stresses are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change, we identify a significant lack of study on the interactive impact of additional abiotic stressors on water–plant–herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps and informs possible future research directions in water–plant–herbivore interactions.
Formation of hub–filament structure triggered by a cloud–cloud collision in the W33 complex
Authors: Zhou Jian-Wen , Li Shanghuo , Liu Hong-Li , Peng Yaping , Zhang Siju , Xu Feng-Wei , Zhang Chao , Liu Tie , Li Jin-Zeng 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Hub–filament systems are suggested to be the birth cradles of high-mass stars and clusters, but the formation of hub–filament structure is still unclear. Using FUGIN 13CO (1–0), C18O (1–0) and SEDIGISM 13CO (2–1) survey data, we investigate the formation of hub–filament structure in the W33 complex. The W33 complex consists of two colliding clouds, called W33-blue and W33-red. We decompose the velocity structures in W33-blue by fitting multiple velocity components and find a continuous and monotonic velocity field. Virial parameters of Dendrogram structures suggest the dominance of gravity in W33-blue. The strong positive correlation between velocity dispersion and column density indicates that the non-thermal motions in W33-blue may originate from gravitationally driven collapse. These signatures suggest that the filamentary structures in W33-blue result from the gravitational collapse of a compressed layer. However, the large-scale velocity gradient in W33-blue may originate mainly from cloud–cloud collision and feedback of active star formation, instead of filament-rooted longitudinal inflow. From the results observed above, we argue that cloud–cloud collision triggers the formation of hub–filament structures in the W33 complex. Meanwhile, the appearance of multiple-scale hub–filament structures in W33-blue is likely an imprint of the transition from a compressed layer to a hub–filament system.