bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of novel honeycomb photocatalytic reactors for numerical analysis of formaldehyde degradation by CFD modeling
Authors: Gao Jinsen , Dong Pengyu , Tan Junjian , Zhang Lihua , Wang Cunxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As an alternative to the investigation of photocatalysts, it is a potential approach to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the novel photocatalytic reactor by optimizing its geometric structure and reaction conditions. In this work, five different honeycomb photocatalytic reactors with a deflector and a porous airflow distribution plate were designed and a numerical simulation was performed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation results showed that a huge vortex appeared near the entrance of the original model and the velocity distribution inside the reactor was non-uniform, whereas these shortcomings could be effectively overcome when using the 45° deflector model (S-4) compared to the other models. Compared to S-1, the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde for S-4 was boosted by 7.29% at a flow velocity of 0.04 m s−1. In addition, it was found that the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde increased from 55.45–94.73% when the velocity decreased from 0.04 to 0.01 m s−1, and the photocatalytic removal rate of formaldehyde decreased from 94.73–70.05% as the relative humidity varied from 20–70%. Furthermore, when the irradiance increased from 45 to 265 mW cm−2, the photocatalytic conversion rate of formaldehyde improved by 10.78%. Overall, this work contributes to the design of the novel honeycomb reactor to acquire the optimized construction of the photocatalytic reactor.
COS-Speech: Protocol to develop a core outcome set for dysarthria after stroke for use in clinical practice and research
Authors: Mitchell Claire , Bowen Audrey , Conroy Paul , Whelan Brooke-Mai , Wallace Sarah J , Dancer Annette , Woodward-Nutt Kate , Kirkham Jamie J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Dysarthria after stroke is when speech intelligibility is impaired, and this occurs in half of all stroke survivors. Dysarthria often leads to social isolation, poor psychological well-being and can prevent return to work and social lives. Currently a variety of outcome measures are used in clinical research and practice when monitoring recovery for people who have dysarthria. When research studies use different measures, it is impossible to compare results from trials and delays our understanding of effective clinical treatments. The aim of this study is to develop a core outcome set (COS) to agree what aspects of speech recovery should be measured for dysarthria after stroke (COS-Speech) in research and clinical practice.
Methods The COS-Speech study will include five steps. 1. Development of a long list of possible outcome domains of speech that should be measured to guide the survey; 2. Recruitment to the COS-Speech study of three key stakeholder groups in the UK and Australia: stroke survivors, communication researchers and speech and language therapists/pathologists; 3. Two rounds of the Delphi survey process; 4. A consensus meeting to agree the speech outcomes to be measured and a follow up consensus meeting to match existing instruments/measures (from parallel systematic review) to the agreed COS-Speech; 5. Dissemination of COS-Speech.
Discussion There is currently no COS for dysarthria after stroke for research trials or clinical practice. The findings from this research study will be a minimum COS, for use in all dysarthria research studies and clinical practice looking at post-stroke recovery of speech. These findings will be widely disseminated using professional and patient networks, research and clinical forums as well as using a variety of academic papers, videos, accessible writing such as blogs and links on social media.
Trial Registration COS-Speech is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database, October 2021 https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1959. In addition, “A systematic review of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of instruments measuring dysarthria after stroke” will inform the consensus meeting to match measures to COS-Speech. The protocol for the systematic reviews registered with the International Prospective register of Systematic Reviews https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022302998. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022302998
Nutritive value of defective soybean grains for ruminants
Authors: Carvalho L. B. , Neta B. S. Mota , Costa A. C. , F A. S.R. , Vieira K. P.N. , Abreu M. L.C. , Galati R. L. , Guerra W. D. , Cabral L. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Defective soybean grains (DSBG) are considered improper for use as protein source in animal nutrition, what has not been evaluated yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro fermentation and effects of DSBG in feedlot lamb diets. For that, two types of defective soybean grains (partially fermented and totally fermented) were obtained and compared to standard soybean grains (SSBG). In vitro, SBG (DSBG and SSBG) were evaluated alone or as component of a total mix ration which was also evaluated in vivo, where DSBG replaced SSBG in feedlot lamb diets. Before the studies, both types of SBG were sent to specialized laboratory where the presence of mycotoxins were no detected. Totally fermented SBG presented lower DM and carbohydrates content, but higher crude protein, fibre, and indigestible NDF contend than standard SBG. DSBG presented lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than SSBG when evaluated alone, however when evaluated in experimental diets did not affect IVDMD. DSBG presented 57% lower in situ rumen degradable protein than standard SSBG (47.9 vs86.4%). In feedlot lamb diets DSBG did not affect nutrients intakes, apparent digestibility or animal performance. Thus, mycotoxins-free DSBG may totally replace SSBG in feedlot lamb diets.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Medical System and Management Strategies in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Saiin Kohei , Takenaka Sakae , Nagai Toshiyuki , Takahashi Akinori , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Konishi Takao , Hotta Daisuke , Kamigaki Mitsunori , Yamazaki Seiji , Fujita Tsutomu , Yamashita Takehiro , Kawahatsu Kandoh , Suzuki Takashi , Nozaki Yoichi , Sakurada Taku , Anzai Toshihisa , Takenaka Takashi , Igarashi Yasumi , Makino Takao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with reduced rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there were a few data showing how emergency medical system (EMS) and management strategies for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) changed during the pandemic. We sought to clarify changes on characteristics, treatments, and in-hospital mortality of patients with ACS transported via EMS between pre- and post-pandemic. We examined consecutive 656 patients with ACS admitted to Sapporo City ACS Network Hospitals between June 2018 and November 2021. The patients were divided into pre- and post-pandemic groups. The number of ACS hospitalisations declined significantly during the pandemic (proportional reduction 66%, coefficient − 0.34, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.18, p < 0.001). The median time from an EMS call to hospital was significantly longer in post-pandemic group than in pre-pandemic group (32 [26–39] vs. 29 [25–36] min, p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with ACS receiving PCI, and in-hospital mortality between the groups. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on EMS and management in patients with ACS. Although a significant decline was observed in ACS hospitalisations, the proportion of patients with ACS receiving emergency PCI remained during the pandemic.
Comparative and expression analyses of AP2/ERF genes reveal copy number expansion and potential functions of ERF genes in Solanaceae
Authors: Choi Jin-Wook , Choi Hyeon Ho , Park Young-Soo , Jang Min-Jeong , Kim Seungill 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The AP2/ERF gene family is a superfamily of transcription factors that are important in the response of plants to abiotic stress and development. However, comprehensive research of the AP2/ERF genes in the Solanaceae family is lacking.
Results
Here, we updated the annotation of AP2/ERF genes in the genomes of eight Solanaceae species, as well as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. We identified 2,196 AP2/ERF genes, of which 368 (17%) were newly identified. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we observed expansion of the copy number of these genes, especially those belonging to specific Ethylene-Responsive Factor (ERF) subgroups of the Solanaceae. From the results of chromosomal location and synteny analyses, we identified that the AP2/ERF genes of the pepper (Capsicum annuum), the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and the potato (Solanum tuberosum) belonging to ERF subgroups form a tandem array and most of them are species-specific without orthologs in other species, which has led to differentiation of AP2/ERF gene repertory among Solanaceae. We suggest that these genes mainly emerged through recent gene duplication after the divergence of these species. Transcriptome analyses showed that the genes have a putative function in the response of the pepper and tomato to abiotic stress, especially those in ERF subgroups.
Conclusions
Our findings will provide comprehensive information on AP2/ERF genes and insights into the structural, evolutionary, and functional understanding of the role of these genes in the Solanaceae.
The mixed application of organic amendments with dinsinct properties to optimize soil nitrate management and increase greenhouse tomato yield
Authors: Qi Xingchao , Qu Zhaoming , Zhang Jingmin , Liu Yanli , LI Chengliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and aims Organic amendments are widely used in agricultural production. However, applying individual amendment has certainly negative effects. The mixed application of two distinct amendments was tested to resolve the dilemma.
Methods We cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in a greenhouse for three consecutive seasons with four treatments, namely, sole application of chicken manure (CM), sole application of rice husk (RH), mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk with mass ratio of 1:4 (Mix1) and 1:2 (Mix2), respectively. Organic amendments were applied in the first two seasons to investigate the content of soli NO3--N, certain soil physical properties, and tomato growth and yield. In-situ N mineralization of four organic amendments also was determined in the last two seasons.
Results In the short term, topsoil NO3--N content was in the order of CM > Mix2 > Mix1 > RH, however, in the long time, topsoil NO3--N content of CM treatment was the lowest. Compared the sole application of chicken manure, the mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk significantly decreased NO3--N content in the deep soil and significantly improved soil physical properties, such as soil water retention. Overuse of rice husk would trigger strong N immobilization. Mix2 treatment had the highest tomato yield in all the three seasons.
Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the mixed application of chicken manure and rice husk could optimize soil NO3--N management, improve soil physical properties, so as to promote tomato growth, increase yield and benefit environment.
Usage patterns of postoperative pain control medication after thyroidectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Thyroid surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures with typical mild-to-moderate pain postoperatively. Thus, postoperative pain control is clearly of primary concern to patients, as well as surgeons. The unnecessary use of opioid analgesics is a well-known contributing factor to opioid addiction. Recently, experts from the Endocrine Surgery Section of the American Head and Neck Society released a consensus to limit the use of opioid medications as the first-line pain medications after head and neck or endocrine procedures. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the postoperative pain control medication prescription practices of head and neck or endocrine surgeons for patients who underwent thyroid surgery.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed the charts of 105 adult patients who underwent thyroid surgery (total thyroidectomy, thyroid lobectomy, or subtotal thyroidectomy) by head and neck or endocrine surgeons. The type of prescribed pain medication at hospital discharge postoperatively was then retrieved from each patient’s discharge medication list. Descriptive statistics mean, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages were computed, while the Chi-square test was applied to measure the significant differences among variables at a 5.00% significant level.
Results
An outpatient oral opioid, in the form combining paracetamol and codeine, was prescribed for 62 (59%) patients whereas 43 (41%) were discharged on paracetamol only.
Conclusions
The use of opioids is the practice pattern for pain management among some head and neck or endocrine surgeons despite emerging evidence that supports the use of non-opioid and other alternative analgesic strategies in outpatient thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Further research and quality improvement interventions should be geared towards leading all health professionals to appropriate prescription practices to improve patient safety and reduce unnecessary opioid prescriptions.
How do afforestation and BECCS differ in their impacts on the land carbon cycle and surface climate?
Authors: Melnikova Irina , Ciais Philippe , Tanaka Katsumasa , Vuichard Nicolas , Boucher Olivier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an essential role in achieving the Paris Agreement targets. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and Afforestation and reforestation (AR) are two widely-assumed CDR methods in future mitigation pathways. Here, we compare their CDR potentials and impacts on the land carbon cycle and surface climate by using IPSL-CM6A-LR Earth System Model simulations under the SSP5-3.4-OS temperature overshoot pathway. BECCS removes more carbon from the atmosphere than AR on a global scale. But an additional CO2 release due to land-use change can regionally overcompensate the CDR advantages of BECCS over AR, depending on the carbon capture and storage efficiency of bioenergy crops and the timescales required to achieve the mitigation targets. Besides, the CDR potential advantages are compromised by regionally contrasting impacts on the climate and carbon cycle. The decision to allocate land for bioenergy crops or forests should account for their respective CDR potentials, as well as the effects from their associated biogeochemical and biogeophysical feedbacks.
The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of Canadians with and without non-communicable chronic diseases: Results from the iCARE Study
Authors: Deslauriers Frédérique , Gosselin-Boucher Vincent , Léger Camille , Vieira Ariany Marques , Bacon Simon L. , Lavoie Kim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention policies have taken a toll on Canadians, and certain subgroups may have been disproportionately affected, including those with non-communicable disease (NCDs; e.g., heart and lung disease) due to their risk of COVID-19 complications.Aims/Objectives:We investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health, lifestyle habits, and access to healthcare among Canadians with NCDs compared to those without, and the extent to which women with NCDs were disproportionately affected.Methods:As part of the iCARE study(www.icarestudy.com), data from seven Canadian representative samples (total n=24,028) was collected via online surveys between June 4, 2020 to February 2, 2022 and analyzed using general linear models.Results:A total of 45.6% (n=10,570) of survey respondents indicated having at least one physician-diagnosed NCD, the most common of which were hypertension (24.3%), chronic lung disease (13.3%) and diabetes (12.0%). In fully adjusted models, those with NCDs were 1.18-1.24 times more likely to reporting feeling lonely, irritable/frustrated, and angry ‘to a great extent’ compared to those without (p’s <.001). Similarly, those with NCDs were 1.22-1.24 times more likely to report worse eating and drinking habits and cancelling medical appointments/avoiding the emergency department compared to those without (p’s <.001). Moreover, although there were no sex differences in access to medical care, women with NCDs were more likely to report feeling anxious and depressed, and report drinking less alcohol, compared to men with NCDs (p’s <.01).Conclusion:Results suggest that people with NCDs and women have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, and that women with NCDs have suffered greater psychological distress compared to men, and men with NCDs have increased their alcohol consumption compared to women. Findings point to potential intervention targets among patients with NCDs.
Comparative Outcome Of Endovascular Embolization With Microsurgery In Managing Acute Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage In Pediatric Patients, An Institutional Experience
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Alam Mohammad Shahnawaz , Sinha Vivek Sharan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction: A few earlier studies have reported the role of embolization with curative intent in treating the early phase of a spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage of the brain AVM in pediatric patients. its efficacy needs to be compared with microsurgery. The risk factors for hemorrhage following early embolization in such patients should be evaluated.
Material & Methods: We analyzed patients treated for arteriovenous malformation in pediatrics (< 18 years) following its rupture in the acute phase by embolization alone and surgery between July 2018 and July 2022. From a pool of 80 patients who had undergone treatment for ruptured AVM with hemorrhage at our center, we identified 36 patients with spontaneous bleeding due to AVMs. Out of which, 20 were treated by embolization alone (Group1) and another group 2 by surgery (with and without adjuvant embolisation).
Result: Spetzler martin's grading of the lesion suggested seven lesions<3 and 13 lesions ≥3 in the embolization group; similarly, seven lesions were <3 and nine≥3 Spetzler martin grade in the surgery group. The average midline shift in the embolization group was 2.12±1.68, and in the surgery group was 4.24±2.89 mm(p=0.019). Incomplete embolization was associated with hemorrhage in 2 patients treated with curative intent and 4 in the surgery group treated with embolization as adjuvant (p=0.01). Glasgow outcome score ≥4 was observed in 18 patients in embolization and 12 in the surgery group on follow-up (p=0.273). The average follow-up in the embolization group was 25.80±7.8, and in the surgery group, 29.18±11.85 months (p=0.232).
Conclusions: Incomplete embolization is the significant risk factor associated with hemorrhage in AVMs treated following a hemorrhagic stroke in the pediatric age group. Embolization with curative intent in treating such lesions is equally efficacious to the surgery group treated earlier by adjuvant embolization with careful patient selection. Although essential, our results need a further prospective study on a large patient population with longer follow-ups.
Patterns, prevalence and determinants of stunting among children aged 1-15 years
Authors: Wake Senahara Korsa , Zewotir Temesgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStunting increases morbidity and mortality, hindering mental development and influencing cognitive capacity of children. This study aimed to examine the trends and determinants of stunting from infancy to middle adolescence in four countries: Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. A 15-year longitudinal data on the prevalence of stunting were obtained from the Young Lives cohort study. The study includes 38361 observations from 4 countries in between 2002 and 2016. A generalized mixed-effects model was adopted to estimate the determinant of stunting. The patterns of stunting in children from 2002 to 2016 have declined from an estimated 30% in 2002 to 20% in 2016. Stunting prevalence varied among four low- and middle-income countries with children in Ethiopia, India, and Peru being more stunted compared to children in Vietnam. The highest stunted was recorded in India and the lower was recorded in Vietnam. In all four countries, the highest prevalence of severe stunting was observed in 2002 and moderate stunting was observed in 2006. Parents' education level played a significance role in determining child stunting. Children of uneducated parents were shown to be at a higher risk of stunting. The pattern of stunting was reduced in four low- and middle-income countries from 2002 to 2016. Disparities of stunting were observed between- and within-country of low- and middle-income with the highest prevalence recorded in low-income country. Child stunting is caused by factors related to child's age, household wealth, household size, the mother's and father's education level, residence area and access to save drinking water.
Thermophilic Dehalococcoidia with unusual traits shed light on an unexpected past
Authors: Palmer Marike , Covington Jonathan , Zhou En-Min , Thomas Scott , Habib Neeli , Seymour Cale , Lai Dengxun , Johnston Juliet , Hashimi Ameena , Jiao Jian-Yu , Muok Alise , Liu Lan , Xian Wen-Dong , Zhi Xiao-Yang , Li Meng-Meng , Silva Leslie , Bowen Benjamin , Louie Katherine , Briegel Ariane , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Weber Peter , Tocheva Elitza , Woyke Tanja , Northen Trent , Mayali Xavier , Li Wen-Jun , Hedlund Brian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The phylum Chloroflexota is ubiquitous; however, its biology and evolution are poorly understood due to limited cultivability. Here, we isolated two motile, thermophilic bacteria from hot spring sediments belonging to the class Dehalococcoidia within the phylum Chloroflexota. A combination of cryo-electron tomography, exometabolomics, and cultivation experiments using stable isotopes of carbon revealed three unusual traits: flagellar motility; a peptidoglycan-containing cell envelope; and heterotrophic activity on aromatics and plant-associated compounds. Although these traits are unusual among cultivated Chloroflexota and Dehalococcoidia, ancestral character state reconstructions showed flagellar motility and peptidoglycan-containing cell envelopes were ancestral within the Dehalococcoidia and subsequently lost prior to a major adaptive radiation of Dehalococcoidia into marine environments. This evolutionary past explains the widespread genomic potential to degrade terrestrial organic matter among marine Dehalococcoidia and raises new questions about the timing and selective forces driving their successful niche expansion into the global oceans.