bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominant role of adult neurogenesis‐induced structural heterogeneities in driving plasticity heterogeneity in dentate gyrus granule cells
Authors: Shridhar Sameera , Mishra Poonam , Narayanan Rishikesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeurons and synapses manifest pronounced variability in the amount of plasticity induced by identical activity patterns. The mechanisms underlying such plasticity heterogeneity, which have been implicated in context‐specific resource allocation during encoding, have remained unexplored. Here, we employed a systematic physiologically constrained parametric search to identify the cellular mechanisms behind plasticity heterogeneity in dentate gyrus granule cells. We used heterogeneous model populations to ensure that our conclusions were not biased by parametric choices in a single hand‐tuned model. We found that each of intrinsic, synaptic, and structural heterogeneities independently yielded heterogeneities in synaptic plasticity profiles obtained with two different induction protocols. However, among the disparate forms of neural‐circuit heterogeneities, our analyses demonstrated the dominance of neurogenesis‐induced structural heterogeneities in driving plasticity heterogeneity in granule cells. We found that strong relationships between neuronal intrinsic excitability and plasticity emerged only when adult neurogenesis‐induced heterogeneities in neural structure were accounted for. Importantly, our analyses showed that it was not imperative that the manifestation of neural‐circuit heterogeneities must translate to heterogeneities in plasticity profiles. Specifically, despite the expression of heterogeneities in structural, synaptic, and intrinsic neuronal properties, similar plasticity profiles were attainable across all models through synergistic interactions among these heterogeneities. We assessed the parametric combinations required for the manifestation of such degeneracy in the expression of plasticity profiles. We found that immature cells showed physiological plasticity profiles despite receiving afferent inputs with weak synaptic strengths. Thus, the high intrinsic excitability of immature granule cells was sufficient to counterbalance their low excitatory drive in the expression of plasticity profile degeneracy. Together, our analyses demonstrate that disparate forms of neural‐circuit heterogeneities could mechanistically drive plasticity heterogeneity, but also caution against treating neural‐circuit heterogeneities as proxies for plasticity heterogeneity. Our study emphasizes the need for quantitatively characterizing the relationship between neural‐circuit and plasticity heterogeneities across brain regions.
Gyrotactic microorganisms bioconvection in combined convective magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow over a vertically surfaced saturated porous media with variable viscosity
Authors: Dyapa Hymavathi , Mattipelli Ramchandru , Naikoti Kishan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current article focuses on mass and thermal transfer analysis of a two‐dimensional immovable combined convective nanofluid flow including motile microorganisms with temperature‐dependent viscosity on top of a vertical plate through a porous medium, and a model has been developed to visualize the velocity slip impacts on a nonlinear partial symbiotic flow. The governed equations include all of the above physical conditions, and suitable nondimensional transfigurations are utilized to transfer the governed conservative equations to a nonlinear system of differential equations and obtain numerical solutions by using the Shooting method. Numerical studies have been focusing on the effects of intricate dimensionless parameters, namely, the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Peclet number, bioconvection parameter, and Rayleigh number, which have all been studied on various profiles such as momentum, thermal, concentration, and density of microorganisms. The concentration boundary layer thickness and density of microorganisms increased as the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters increased, whereas the bioconvection parameter, Peclet number, and Rayleigh number increased. The thermal boundary layer thickness, concentration boundary layer thickness, and density of microorganisms all decreased. The velocity distribution decreases as the Peclet number, bioconvection, and thermophoresis parameters rise but rises as the Rayleigh number, Brownian motion parameter, and Casson fluid parameter rise. These are graphed via plots along with divergent fluid parameters.
Thermal uniformity enhancement of the motorcycle exhaust thermoelectric generator—Part 1: Guide fins optimization
Authors: Hong Thong Duc , Nghiem Quan Thien Phan , Le Tam Thanh , Tran Trung Minh Huu , Le Long Thanh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the hot‐side heat exchanger (HHE) thermal uniformity in the thermoelectric generator unit (TGU) is enhanced by optimizing the muffler's guide fins. Three parameters of the guide fins (i.e., fin gap δ, fin angle θ, and fin position x) are proposed. Various muffler models with different guide fins’ geometry are numerically investigated to achieve the optimal set of δ, θ, and x parameters by assessing the exhaust flow uniformity of the HHE. The optimal muffler model is then simulated to compare with the nonoptimal muffler model. The HHE's thermal uniformity of these two models is experimentally investigated under various testing conditions. The results show that the parameters of δ and θ significantly affect the exhaust flow uniformity of the HHE, whereas the variable of x only has a minor influence. Thanks to the optimal values of δ, θ, and x, the exhaust flow uniformity increases 11.23% on average compared to the nonoptimal model. Consequently, the thermal uniformity is improved, and the maximum temperature difference on the HHE of the optimal model is 35% lower on average than that of the nonoptimal model. The improvement in thermal uniformity resulting from this study is expected to increase the performance and lifespan of the TGU.
“Side by side”: Comparing how Israeli secular and religious mothers read a story about the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict to young children
Authors: Smadja Marie‐Lyne , Aram Dorit , Agmon Naama , Ziv Margalit , Bar‐Tal Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Israeli‐Palestinian conflict has deleterious effects on children. Our research observed mothers' conversations with their 5‐7‐year‐old children about the conflict during shared book reading (SBR) of a fiction book, indirectly depicting the conflict. Using a mixed‐methods study, we compared the SBR of secular and religious Israeli Jewish mothers. We videotaped the SBR interactions and interviewed the mothers about the nature of their SBR conversations with their child and their perceptions of political socialization of children. The main findings showed that despite their tendency to perceive the conflict differently, secular and religious mothers shared the book similarly. Most of them preferred to talk about the conflict as little as possible with their child but appreciated the opportunity that the book provided them to discuss it in an age appropriate manner. Our discussion focuses on the potential of SBR to assist parents in explaining the conflict to young children.
Pre‐implantation evaluation of a small‐diameter, long vascular graft (Biotube®) for below‐knee bypass surgery in goats
Authors: Nakayama Yasuhide , Iwai Ryosuke , Terazawa Takeshi , Tajikawa Tsutomu , Umeno Tadashi , Kawashima Takayuki , Nakashima Yumiko , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Yamada Akihiro , Higashita Ryuji , Miyazaki Manami , Oie Tomonori , Kadota Satoki , Yabuuchi Nozomi , Abe Fumie , Funayama‐Iwai Marina , Yambe Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Shinji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are no small‐diameter, long artificial vascular grafts for below‐knee bypass surgery in chronic limb‐threatening ischemia. We have developed tissue‐engineered vascular grafts called “Biotubes®” using a completely autologous approach called in‐body tissue architecture (iBTA). This study aimed at pre‐implantation evaluation of Biotube and its in vivo preparation device, Biotube Maker, for use in below‐knee bypass surgery. Forty nine makers were subcutaneously embedded into 17 goats for predetermined periods (1, 2, or 3 months). All makers produced Biotubes as designed without inflammation over all periods, with the exception of a few cases with minor defects (success rate: 94%). Small hole formation occurred in only a few cases. All Biotubes obtained had an inner diameter of 4 mm and a length of 51 to 52 cm with a wall thickness of 594 ± 97 μm. All Biotubes did not kink when completely bent under an internal pressure of 100 mmHg and did not leak without any deformation under a water pressure of 200 mmHg. Their burst strength was 2409 ± 473 mmHg, and suture retention strength was 1.75 ± 0.27 N, regardless of the embedding period, whereas tensile strength increased from 7.5 ± 1.3 N at 1 month to 9.7 ± 2.0 N at 3 months with the embedding period. The amount of water leakage from the needle holes prepared in the Biotube wall was approximately 1/7th of that in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts. The Biotubes could be easily connected to each other without cutting or anastomosis leaks. They could be stored for at least 1 year at room temperature. This study confirmed that even Biotubes formed 1 month after embedding of Biotube Makers had properties comparable to arteries.
A highly sensitive fluorescent 1,8‐naphthalimide Schiff base probe for detection of Hg2+
Authors: Shen Qinqin , Kong Xiaoxia , Li Kaiyi , Wan Tiantian , Dong Jianping , Wu Huilu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA highly sensitive fluorescence “turn‐on” 1,8‐naphthalimide Schiff base probe:N‐allyl‐4‐(ethylenediamine‐salicylidene)‐1,8‐naphthalimide (HL) for Hg2+was designed, synthesized and characterized. In addition, the sensing behavior of HL towards various transition metal ions has been investigated in solution (DMF/Tris–HCl buffer, 1:1, vol/vol, pH = 7.2). The HL exhibited high selectivity for Hg2+over other metal ions with obvious fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of HL showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99, confirming that HL could be applied to detect the quantification of Hg2+in a linear fashion from 0.5 to 4 μM and the detection limit reach at 0.16 μM. Meanwhile, the association constant (Ka) between Hg2+and HL achieves 1.23 × 1012 M−1. Moreover, the fluorescence titration experiment and Job plot analysis indicate the formation of a 2:1 stoichiometric complex of HL with Hg2+. The fluorescence enhancement of HL response to Hg2+ions could be attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism.
Associations of complete blood count parameters with pancreatic beta‐cell function and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies found controversial associations of CBC parameters with pancreatic beta‐cell function (BCF) and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this was to determine the independent associations of CBC parameters with BCF and IR in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis study selected subjects who underwent health checkups at 16 health‐promotion centers in 13 Korean cities during 2021. The subjects comprised 1470 patients with normoglycemia, 1124 with prediabetes, and 396 with T2DM. BCF and IR were assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)‐β and HOMA‐IR, respectively. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the correlation between CBC parameters and HOMA.ResultsWhile HOMA‐IR gradually increased according to red blood cell count quartiles (1.22, 1.40, 1.47, and 1.91, in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively; p < 0.001), there was no correlation after adjusting for waist circumference (WC) and HbA1c. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was associated with HOMA‐β [coefficient (β) = 15.527, p = 0.002], but not with HOMA‐IR. White blood cells (WBCs) were associated with HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐β, which was stronger in HOMA‐β (β = 0.505 vs 15.171, p = 0.002) after adjusting for WC and HbA1c. The platelet count was correlated with HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐β, which only remained in HOMA‐β (β = 15.581, p = 0.002) after adjusting for WC and HbA1c.ConclusionRDW, WBC, and platelet counts were independently associated with only HOMA‐β in prediabetes and T2DM. This suggests that these CBC parameters could represent BCF in prediabetes and T2DM.
Development of six immune‐related lncRNA signature prognostic model for smoking‐positive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Dajie , Wang Jing , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is one of the most hazardous risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Many survival and prognosis‐related biomarkers were discovered using database mining. However, the precision of immune‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) predictions is insufficient. We identified a novel signature to improve the estimate of smoking‐related LUAD prognosis.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) was used to obtain the LUAD lncRNA expression profiles. The smoking‐related LUAD cohort was randomly split into discovery and validation cohorts. To determine the risk score, use the LASSO Cox regression technique on the prognostic immune‐related lncRNA. The risk signature has been developed.ResultsA total of 643 immune‐related lncRNAs were identified as potential candidates for a risk signature. Finally, six immune‐related lncRNAs (AL359915.2, AP000695.1, HSPC324, TGFB2‐AS1, AC026355.1, and AC002128.2) were identified and used to carry out risk signature, which showed a close association with overall survival in the discovery cohort. We classified patients as high risk or low risk based on a median risk score of 1.0783. In the discovery cohort, overall survival was marginally longer in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk category (p = 2.28e08). The area under the curves (AUC) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival was 0.67, 0.7, and 0.82, respectively. Furthermore, we successfully validated and combined cohorts using this risk profile. We discovered a strong positive connection between HSPC324 and VIPR1 as a possible novel biomarker for smoking‐related LUAD development in our study.ConclusionsOur research has established a six immune‐lncRNA signature that may be used to predict the prognosis of smoking‐related LUAD with great accuracy.
More than a muscle: How self‐control motivation, depletion, and self‐regulation strategies impact task performance
Authors: Wehrt Wilken , Casper Anne , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWhen conceptualizing work performance as requiring self‐control, scholars often employ a resource‐depletion perspective. However, this perspective neglects the role of self‐control motivation and self‐regulation strategies. In this diary study, we examine self‐control motivation (viz. motivation to control impulses) and depletion at the beginning of work and at midday as predictors of afternoon task performance. Additionally, we investigate morning aversive tasks as an antecedent of increased depletion and decreased self‐control motivation. Further, we examine the role of self‐regulation strategies (organizing, meaning‐related strategies, and self‐reward) for maintaining and improving performance when depleted or low in self‐control motivation. Data from a 2‐week diary study with three daily measurements (N = 135 employees; n = 991 days) were analyzed. Multilevel path modeling showed that self‐control motivation at the beginning of work and depletion at midday predicted afternoon task performance. We found that self‐reward in the afternoon counteracts the negative relationship between depletion and task performance. Further, we found an indirect effect from morning aversive tasks on task performance via depletion at noon buffered by afternoon self‐reward. Organizing and meaning in the afternoon were positively related to afternoon task performance. Findings suggest that self‐control motivation is important for task performance, in addition to low depletion. Moreover, results highlight that self‐regulation strategies are beneficial for task performance.
Mucosal Melanoma of the Oral Cavity: What is the Role of Elective Neck Dissection?
Authors: Haimowitz Sean , Cohen David A. , Dhanda Aatin , Barron Kendyl , Povolotskiy Roman , Roden Dylan 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesMucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare malignancy that can present in the head and neck (H&N). The Oral cavity is the second most common primary site in the H&N after sinonasal mucosa. This study investigates the impact of demographic and clinical factors on survival in oral cavity MM. Further, it investigates the outcomes and utility of elective neck dissections (END) in the management of oral MM.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to evaluate 432 patients with oral cavity MM from 2004 to 2016. Kaplan‐Meir and Cox regression analyses were used to determine variables associated with survival.ResultsThe mean age was 64.0 ± 16.0 years. Most patients were white (85.1%) and male (60.0%). Gingiva (37.6%) and hard palate (36.1%) were the most common primary subsites in the oral cavity. Five‐year overall survival was 31.0%. Age (Hazards Ratio [95% Confidence Interval], 1.03 [1.01–1.06]), N‐stage (1.94 [1.10–3.42]), M‐stage (10.13 [3.33–30.86]), male sex (1.79 [1.06–3.03]), and African‐American race (2.63 [1.14–6.11]) were significantly associated with worse survival. 199 patients (46.9%) underwent neck dissection including 118 with lymph node yield (LNY) ≥ 18. The rate of occult nodal positivity was 45.4% for LNY ≥ 18 and 28.3% for LNY ≥ 1. ENDs were not associated with improved outcomes. However, occult lymph node involvement was associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.004).ConclusionsOral cavity MM has a poor prognosis. Lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, age, race, and male sex are associated with worse outcomes. Performing an END did not improve survival. However, END may have a prognostic role and help select patients for treatment intensification.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:317–326, 2023
Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implant Wound Complications: AMeta‐Analysis
Authors: Ekman Brady , Laureano Jack , Balasuriya Beverly , Mahairas Anthony , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo compare age‐related differences in wound complications following cochlear implantation (CI).MethodsWe performed a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Web of Science databases to identify original research evaluating the patient‐level factors (demographics and medical history) associated with wound complications following CI. Outcomes were expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals using the inverse variance method. Studies without comparison groups were described qualitatively.ResultsThirty‐eight studies representing 21,838 cochlear implantations were included. The rate of wound complications ranges from 0% to 22%. Patient age (adult versus pediatric) was the only factor with comparison groups appropriate for meta‐analysis. The 10 studies (n = 9547 CI's) included in the meta‐analysis demonstrated that adults had a higher incidence of overall wound complications (2.94%) than in children (2.44%) (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.69). Adults had a higher incidence of general/unclassified wound complications (2.07%) than in children (1.34%) (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.52). There was no difference between adults and children for specific complications such as hematoma, infection, or seroma. Elderly patients (over age 75) have wound complication rates that range from 1% to 4%. No studies contained comparison groups regarding other patient‐level factors and CI wound complications.ConclusionCI wound complication rates reported in the literature are low; however, adults have a higher risk of these complications than pediatric patients. The reported complication rate in elderly adults is low. There is a gap in CI research in consistently reporting wound complications and rigorous research investigating the impact of patient‐level factors and wound complications.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 133:218–226, 2023
Recent evolution of glaciers in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains (Colombian Andes) and the hydrological implications
Authors: López‐Moreno Juan Ignacio , Rojas‐Heredia Francisco , Ceballos Jorge Luis , Morán‐Tejeda Enrique , Alonso‐Gonzalez Esteban , Vidaller Ixeia , Deschamps‐Berger Cesar , Revuelto Jesús 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study extends knowledge of the evolution of glacier shrinkage in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains since the maximum glacier extent of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Mass balance data for the Ritacuba Glacier since 2009 were acquired and compared with available data for the Conejeras Glacier (Los Nevados National Park). This study also investigated the hydrological significance of Colombian glaciers, which is still largely unknown because the available information is very limited. Glaciers in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains covered 13.2 km2 in 2019 compared with 127.8 km2 during the maximum LIA, representing a shrinkage of 89.7%. Analysis of glacier cover observations made in 1955, 1994, 2010, and 2019 revealed that the rate of ice loss was greatest from 1994 to 2010 (0.59 km2 yr−1), and was then almost halved from 2010 to 2019 (0.34 km2 yr−1). This slowing of glacier retreat is consistent with the moderate negative mass balance measured for 2009–2019, and an accumulated loss of 1766 mm w.e. (mm water equivalent). The progressive confinement of glaciers to higher elevations, ice accumulation in topographic locations providing shelter from solar radiation, and an absence of recent marked climatic anomalies could explain why the Cocuy‐Güican glaciers have temporally reached a near equilibrium state conditions. This contrasts with the Conejeras Glacier, where 47,000 mm w.e. has been lost in the same period. The available data on runoff and isotope tracers of streamflow and precipitation suggest that precipitation rather than glacier melt water exerts primary control over the hydrological variability at high elevation sites.