bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of aducanumab to prevent Alzheimer's disease progression at current list price
Authors: Sinha Pranay , Barocas Joshua A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAn estimated 6 million Americans have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aducanumab was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration despite the lack of clinical effectiveness data.MethodsWe developed a Markov state transition model of AD to estimate the cost effectiveness of aducanumab compared to standard of care (SOC) over a 5‐year time horizon for a cohort of persons aged 65 with mild AD. Outcomes included quality adjusted life years (QALYs), discounted costs, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We performed sensitivity analyses to address uncertainty.ResultsOver 5 years, the incremental cost of aducanumab compared to SOC was $179,890. Aducanumab resulted in 0.47 QALYs gained compared to SOC. The ICER for aducanumab compared to SOC was $383,080/QALY. In threshold analysis, aducanumab became cost‐effective at $22,820/year.DiscussionAducanumab is not cost‐effective at the estimated price of $56,000 even under ideal circumstances in which it completely halts AD progression.
An Asset‐based Practice for Teaching Bilingual Readers
Authors: Zoeller Emily , Briceño Allison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen working with bilingual readers, teaching for equity means building on students’ linguistic strengths. To do so, we must provide intentionally designed holistic literacy instruction that encourages students to use their full literacy and linguistic repertoire. This article describes an asset‐oriented approach called Transliteracy to help teachers leverage and develop students’ cross‐linguistic knowledge. We provide an Observation Framework for foundational skills and a Prompting Model to support teachers in implementing Transliteracy, even in English‐only settings. Transliteracy offers a model by which we teach from what students already know, and celebrate, rather than ignore, bilingualism as a path to more equitable literacy instruction.
Moisture‐dependent anisotropy calculations using the van Genuchten–Mualem model
Authors: Mayenna Amena , Khaleel Raziuddin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVariable, moisture‐dependent anisotropy in unsaturated media is an effective, large‐scale (macroscopic) flow property that results from media heterogeneities at a smaller scale. This technical note documents the variable moisture‐dependent anisotropy calculations using a script for the power‐averaging tensorial connectivity–tortuosity model. The accuracy of the R script calculations was cross‐checked against results using other software. The testing and comparison of the script calculations with other software produced near‐identical results for both the sand‐dominated and gravel‐dominated sediment samples. The R script, Excel spreadsheets, and all the input data are available as electronic files.
Transnational Families, Intimate Relations, Generations
Authors: Christou Anastasia , Kofman Eleonore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChapter10.1007/978-3-030-91971-9_3examined the gendered nature of a migrant division of labour. In this chapter we turn to family migration, traditionally associated with women as dependents and followers of men. The term is used to categorise the international movement of people who migrate due to new or established family ties. People moving for family reasons constitute the largest group of migrants entering OECD countries, ahead of labour and humanitarian migration (OECD, 2019). To move for family reasons may encompass an array of different kinds of migration trajectories, from the adoption of a foreign child to family members accompanying migrant workers or refugees, as well as people forming new family units with host country residents or family reunification (when family members reunite with those who migrated previously).
„Essener Transitionsmodell“ bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen
Authors: Fleischer Michael , Coskun Bayram , Stolte Benjamin , Della-Marina Adela , Kölbel Heike , Lax Hildegard , Nonnemacher Michael , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Hagenacker Tim 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch die Optimierung medizinischer Versorgungsstrukturen und die gravierenden Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung neuer Therapieverfahren wird ein Anstieg der Lebenserwartung bei Patienten mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen beobachtet. Dies führt zu einer Erweiterung des phänotypischen Spektrums, wodurch neue bzw. bislang wenig relevante Krankheitsmanifestationen in unterschiedlichen Organsystemen an Bedeutung gewinnen. Die Betreuung jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen verlangt daher eine zunehmend enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit.

Fragestellung
Wie kann der Transitionsprozess von der Pädiatrie in die Erwachsenenmedizin so strukturiert werden, dass die einzelnen Fachdisziplinen effizient in den komplexen Behandlungs- und Versorgungsprozess eingebunden und die Lebensqualität der Patienten verbessert werden?

Material und Methode
An der Universitätsmedizin Essen wurde ein strukturierter Transitionsprozess etabliert. Exemplarisch wurde anhand des Morbus Pompe („late onset M. Pompe“ [LOPD]), der Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie (DMD) und der juvenilen Myasthenia gravis (jMG) ein entsprechendes Versorgungskonzept entwickelt. Dies umfasst vier Elemente: 1) Mit der Einführung klinikübergreifender SOPs („standard operating procedure“) werden die logistischen Abläufe sowie die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen einheitlich abgestimmt und der Transitionsprozess verbindlich festgelegt. 2) Um einen nahtlosen Übergang zu gewährleisten, werden junge Patienten vor Erreichen des 17. Geburtstages mit ihren Eltern im Zuge gemeinsamer Transitionssprechstunden betreut. Dies schafft die Möglichkeit des gegenseitigen Kennenlernens und der Bildung eines nachhaltigen Vertrauensverhältnisses. 3) Ein quartalsweise stattfindendes „Transitionsboard“ bringt die beteiligten Fachdisziplinen aus Kinder- und Erwachsenenmedizin für einen fallbezogenen interdisziplinären Austausch und eine stetige Optimierung des Transitionsprozesses regelmäßig zusammen. 4) Als gemeinsame Informationsplattform und Datengrundlage wurde eine klinikübergreifende „Transitionsdatenbank“, in der medizinische Befunde und Verlaufsparameter erfasst werden, implementiert.

Schlussfolgerung
Mit dem Essener Transitionsmodell soll die Versorgungslücke junger Patienten mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen während der kritischen Übergangsphase von der Kinder- zur Erwachsenenmedizin geschlossen und die Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Weiterbehandlung im Erwachsenenalter geschaffen werden.
Intraoperative analysis of patellofemoral joint morphology before and after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kebbach Maeruan , Mick Enrico , Kirschner Stephan , Luetzner Joerg , Bader Rainer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patellofemoral problems after total knee arthroplast (TKA) are frequent and often associated with a change in the geometry of the trochlear groove.

Objective
The present study aimed to analyze the feasibility of intraoperative examination of the patellofemoral joint geometry before and after the implantation of bicondylar total knee replacements without exposing the patient to radiation.

Material and methods
The patellofemoral joint morphology geometries of 33 patients before and after implantation of a bicondylar total knee replacement was intraoperatively analyzed using a digital scanning method. Femoral surface geometries were extracted from intraoperatively recorded tactile scanning data using an in-house algorithm. The geometries were then characterized by sulcus height, medial femoral condyle height and lateral femoral condyle height.

Results
Our preliminary results show that these key geometric parameters are only partially restored after TKA leading to a distinctly different shaped profile of the anterior distal femur. Maximum and minimum mean differences in sulcus height, medial femoral condyle height, and lateral femoral condyle height before and after surgery were 2.00 mm/−3.06 mm, 2.51 mm/−6.25 mm and 2.74 mm/−3.58 mm, respectively.

Conclusion
A new method for intraoperative analysis of the patellofemoral joint morphology before and after TKA without radiation exposure was developed and utilized. Even with the use of modern total knee designs, the patellofemoral articulation is considerably changed postoperatively as quantified by the key parameters of sulcus height, medial femoral condyle height, and lateral femoral condyle height. This may result in altered knee biomechanics and might explain persistent patellofemoral disorders, which are often reported by patients after TKA.
Weak essentially undecidable theories of concatenation
Authors: Murwanashyaka Juvenal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the language $$\lbrace 0, 1, \circ , \preceq \rbrace $$

{
0
,
1
,
∘
,
⪯
}

, where 0 and 1 are constant symbols, $$\circ $$
∘
is a binary function symbol and $$\preceq $$
⪯
is a binary relation symbol, we formulate two theories, $$ \textsf {WD} $$
WD
and $$ {\textsf {D}}$$
D
, that are mutually interpretable with the theory of arithmetic $$ {\textsf {R}} $$
R
and Robinson arithmetic $${\textsf {Q}} $$
Q
, respectively. The intended model of $$ \textsf {WD} $$
WD
and $$ {\textsf {D}}$$
D
is the free semigroup generated by $$\lbrace {\varvec{0}}, {\varvec{1}} \rbrace $$

{

0

,

1

}

under string concatenation extended with the prefix relation. The theories $$ \textsf {WD} $$
WD
and $$ {\textsf {D}}$$
D
are purely universally axiomatised, in contrast to $$ {\textsf {Q}} $$
Q
which has the $$\varPi _2$$

Π
2

-axiom $$\forall x \; [ \ x = 0 \vee \exists y \; [ \ x = Sy \ ] \ ] $$

∀
x

[

x
=
0
∨
∃
y

[

x
=
S
y

]

]

.
Quality of life, quality of business, and destinations of recent graduates: fields of study matter
Authors: Grimes Arthur , Badenhorst Shaan , Maré David C. , Poot Jacques , Sin Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the main challenges facing non-metropolitan regions is the attraction and retention of highly-educated young people. A loss of the brightest can lead to reduced business creation, innovation, growth and community well-being in such regions. We use rich longitudinal microdata from New Zealand to analyse the determinants and geography of the choice of destination of recent university and polytechnic graduates 2 years and 4 years after graduation. Rather than considering a range of location-specific consumption and production amenities, we assume spatial equilibrium and calculate, following Chen and Rosenthal (J Urban Econ 64:519–537, 2008), ‘quality of life’ and ‘quality of business’ indicators for urban areas that encompass all amenities that are utility and/or productivity enhancing (or reducing, in the case of disamenities). Specifically, we test whether students locate in places that are regarded as good to live or good to do business; and how this differs by field of study. Our estimates are conditional on students’ prior school (home) location and the location of their higher education institution. We find that graduates are attracted to locate in urban places that have high quality production amenities. High quality consumption amenities have heterogeneous effects on the location choice of students. Creative arts and commerce graduates are relatively more likely to locate in places that are attractive to business, consistent with a symbiosis between bohemians and business. Decision makers can leverage their existing local strengths, in terms of production and/or consumption amenities, to act as drawcards for, or to retain, recent graduates in specific fields.
Imaging-based outcome prediction in posterior circulation stroke
Authors: Kniep Helge C. , Elsayed Sarah , Nawabi Jawed , Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Bechstein Matthias , Van Horn Noel , Psychogios Marios , Thomalla Götz , Flottmann Fabian , Kemmling André , Gellißen Susanne , Fiehler Jens , Sporns Peter B. , Hanning Uta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
We developed a machine learning model to allow early functional outcome prediction for patients presenting with posterior circulation (pc)-stroke based on CT-imaging and clinical data at admission. The proposed algorithm utilizes quantitative information from automated multidimensional assessments of posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT-Score (pc-ASPECTS) regions. Discriminatory power was compared to predictions based on conventional pc-ASPECTS ratings.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed non-contrast CTs and clinical data of 172 pc-stroke patients. 90 days outcome was dichotomized into good and poor using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) cut-offs. Predictive performance was assessed for outcome differentiation at mRS 2, 3, 4 and survival prediction (mRS ≤ 5) using random forest algorithms. Results were compared to conventional pc-ASPECTS and clinical parameters. Models were evaluated in a nested fivefold cross-validation approach.

Results
Receiver operating characteristic areas under the curves (ROC-AUCs) of the test sets using conventionally rated pc-ASPECTS reached 0.63 for mRS ≤ 4 to 0.68 for mRS ≤ 5 and 0.73 for mRS ≤ 5 to 0.85 for mRS ≤ 2 if clinical data were considered. Pure imaging-based machine learning classifier ROC-AUCs were lowest for mRS ≤ 4 (0.81) and highest for mRS ≤ 5 (0.87). The combined clinical data and machine learning-based model had the highest predictive performance with ROC-AUCs reaching 0.90 for mRS ≤ 2.

Conclusion
Machine learning-based evaluation of pc-ASPECTS regions predicts functional outcome of pc-stroke patients with higher accuracy than conventional assessments. This could optimize triage for additional diagnostics and allocation of best possible medical care and might allow required arrangements of the social environment at an early point of time.
Neue Aufgaben des Destinationsmanagements: Zwischen Tourismus und Lebensqualität
Authors: Wittmann Christl , Helleisz Lena 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel soll die Notwendigkeit einer neuen Sichtweise in der Tourismusentwicklung darlegen: Die Planung sollte sich weg vom aktuell oft vorhandenen rein wirtschaftlichen Wachstumsgedanken entwickeln, hin zu einem integrativen Planungsansatz, der auch die Bedürfnisse der vor Ort wohnenden Bevölkerung miteinbezieht. Durch eine Annäherung an den Begriff des „Lebensraummanagements“ wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, welche Aspekte und Aufgaben Destinationsmanagementorganisationen (DMO) dabei berücksichtigen sollten und wie eine praktische Implementierung aussehen kann. Am Beispiel des im Süden Hessens liegenden Main-Kinzig-Kreises (MKK) wird im Anschluss gezeigt, welche Faktoren einen Landkreis oder eine DMO zu diesem Schritt veranlassen. Der MKK hat erste Schritte in Richtung eines Perspektivwechsels getan und die lokale DMO auch mit Aspekten des Standortmarketings betraut. An diesem Beispiel wird verdeutlicht, welche Synergien bei der Umsetzung genutzt und welche Vorteile aus dieser Herangehensweise für die Region resultieren können. Besonders im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte im Tourismus ist der Wandel als Chance zu sehen.
Georg schmorl prize of the German spine society (DWG) 2021: Spinal Instability Spondylodiscitis Score (SISS)—a novel classification system for spinal instability in spontaneous spondylodiscitis
Authors: Schömig Friederike , Li Zhao , Perka Lena , Vu-Han Tu-Lan , Diekhoff Torsten , Fisher Charles G. , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Even though spinal infections are associated with high mortality and morbidity, their therapy remains challenging due to a lack of established classification systems and widely accepted guidelines for surgical treatment. This study’s aim therefore was to propose a comprehensive classification system for spinal instability based on the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) aiding spine surgeons in choosing optimal treatment for spontaneous spondylodiscitis.

Methods
Patients who were treated for spontaneous spondylodiscitis and received computed tomography (CT) imaging were included retrospectively. The Spinal Instability Spondylodiscitis Score (SISS) was developed by expert consensus. SINS and SISS were scored in CT-images by four readers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Fleiss’ Kappa were calculated to determine interrater reliabilities. Predictive validity was analyzed by cross-tabulation analysis.

Results
A total of 127 patients were included, 94 (74.0%) of which were treated surgically. Mean SINS was 8.3 ± 3.2, mean SISS 8.1 ± 2.4. ICCs were 0.961 (95%-CI: 0.949–0.971) for total SINS and 0.960 (95%-CI: 0.946–0.970) for total SISS. SINS yielded false positive and negative rates of 12.5% and 67.6%, SISS of 15.2% and 40.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
We show high reliability and validity of the newly developed SISS in detecting unstable spinal lesions in spontaneous spondylodiscitis. Therefore, we recommend its use in evaluating treatment choices based on spinal biomechanics. It is, however, important to note that stability is merely one of multiple components in making surgical treatment decisions.
An edge-driven multi-agent optimization model for infectious disease detection
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Srivastava Gautam , Yazidi Anis , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research work introduces a new intelligent framework for infectious disease detection by exploring various emerging and intelligent paradigms. We propose new deep learning architectures such as entity embedding networks, long-short term memory, and convolution neural networks, for accurately learning heterogeneous medical data in identifying disease infection. The multi-agent system is also consolidated for increasing the autonomy behaviours of the proposed framework, where each agent can easily share the derived learning outputs with the other agents in the system. Furthermore, evolutionary computation algorithms, such as memetic algorithms, and bee swarm optimization controlled the exploration of the hyper-optimization parameter space of the proposed framework. Intensive experimentation has been established on medical data. Strong results obtained confirm the superiority of our framework against the solutions that are state of the art, in both detection rate, and runtime performance, where the detection rate reaches 98% for handling real use cases.
Cellulose-based fiber spinning processes using ionic liquids
Authors: Azimi Bahareh , Maleki Homa , Gigante Vito , Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Mezzetta Andrea , Milazzo Mario , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Cinelli Patrizia , Lazzeri Andrea , Danti Serena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCellulose, a natural, renewable, and environment friendly biopolymer, has been considered as a sustainable feedstock in the near future. However, only 0.3% of cellulose is today processed since it is not soluble in conventional solvents due to the strong hydrogen bonding network and highly ordered structure. Hence, the search of effective and eco-friendly solvents for cellulose dissolution has been a key pillar for decades. In the recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as green solvents for cellulose and have been applied for the production of cellulose-based fibers. This review aims to focus the attention toward fiber spinning methods of cellulose based on ILs, as well as recent progress in cellulose dissolution using ILs. Moreover, the development of cellulosic fibers blended with other biopolymers, and cellulose composites are presented. Finally, different applications of cellulose fibers and composites are summarized and discussed.
Multicomponent bioactive extract from red stage Haematococcus pluvialis wet paste: avoiding the drying step and toxic solvents
Authors: Castillo Aly , Pereira Simón , Otero Ana , Garcia-Jares Carmen , Lores Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study provides an efficient alternative by extracting bioactive compounds fromHaematococcus pluvialisvia matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) from its wet form, reducing one of the process steps with the greatest economic impact, the drying of the microalga. To obtain a suitable extract for nutraceutical purposes, solvents with the generally recognised as safe (GRAS) designation (ethanol, ethyl lactate, and ethyl acetate) with limitations of use (acetone) and extractants with higher toxicity such as methanol and methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) are contrasted. Through the optimisation of the extractive process, ethanol, a GRAS solvent, presents the best overall recovery for carotenoid compounds and fatty acids, showing an antioxidant activity of 1.58 mmolTE g−1DW, comparable to its synthetic alternative of petrochemical origin without the drawback of having limitations in its food use. In addition, the identification of the phenolic compounds, phloroglucinol,p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and catechin, not previously characterised in red stageH. pluvialis, provides a response to the phenolic activity present in the extract (24.65 mmolGAE g−1DW). Comparison of the extractive efficiency obtained with the main methods for the extraction of carotenoids and fatty acids inH. pluvialis, in contrast to the proposed method, shows a positive feasibility of this approach.
(Selbst-)Zerstörung der Schuld—Chance der Entschuld(ig)ung: Schuld und Schulden in der Lyrik von Attila József
Authors: Halász Hajnalka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article examines the questions of guilt and debt in the Hungarian poetry of the late modern period, notably in the poetry of Attila József. An important characteristic of the concept of guilt in the modern era is that it unites the question of morality with that of the economy. This connection is confirmed by a current problem in the field of cultural studies: The German terms Schuld (guilt) and Schulden (debt) are viewed by recent cultural history research as significant driving forces and preconditions for cultural processes (both relate to shortages and errors which must be remedied, evened out, effaced or indeed generated or multiplied) which give rise to social and historical ties and determinations. This research attempts to formulate cultural strategies and solutions for dealing with the problem of unrestrained growth and the moralisation of debt. My article examines these issues as a problem of language (the language of poetry). Whilst Attila József ’s poetry does address the need to search for opportunities to forgive—both morally and financially—and to break the determining ties of moral and financial indebtedness, József believes this is only possible by implementing a certain manner of speech or a type of language whose forgiveness of debt and guilt alike as well as its liberating effect cannot be achieved by strategies, methods or practices.