bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clean and sustainable CO2 storage method in construction materials
Authors: Balinee B. , Ranjith P. G. , Huppert Herbert E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProduction of building materials emits 11% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. The greenhouse gas emission from the construction industry has been tried to mininmize from early 1980s; but after four decades of development, it is not fully sustainable. Cement is the second most consumed material in the world, after water and cement production contributes for 8% of global CO2 emission. We produced a greener cement from abundantly available waste: fly ash, blast furnace lag, and rice husk ash to significantly minimize the greenhouse gas emission. Discarded aluminium foil becomes one of most landfilling waste that has high potential for recycling. On other hand, cement carbonation is a curing method that stores significant amount of CO2 into cement with lesser cost and energy compared to commercial carbon sequestration. Therefore, we incorporate aluminium foil waste and CO2 waste from industry to improve the engineering and environmental performance of the cement. We compared changes in carbonation when using gaseous carbon dioxide (gCO2) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and found that the scCO2 condition achieves higher compressive strength and yielded a stronger barrier against leaching. Hence, this carbon cured cement can be widely used in underground applications, where the heavy metal leaching is a critical issue. Projections show our greener cement reducing CO2 emission by 55% compared to Portland cement and reducing direct costs by 35%. Also, our cement ultimately reduces hydrogen gas demand by recycling aluminium, which releases pure hydrogen during the production process, and this effect reduces annual CO2 emission by 35 million tonnes from this hydrogen production alone. Adopted globally, the system would permanently store 72 million tonnes of CO2 in a stable composite annually. On whole, our cement production significantly reduces the energy requirement for cement manufacturing and releases future energy, hydrogen gas, as by product.
Investigation of the relationships between academic hardiness and passion for studies with undergraduates’ affect and happiness
Authors: Spiridon Kamtsios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPersonality variables contribute to the development of passion for studies leading undergraduates to different affective experiences. Academic hardiness, an affective personality trait, may have effect on undergraduates’ passion for studies. The purpose of the study (which uses a quantitative methodological approach) was twofold: (a) to examine the psychometric properties of Passion scale in Greek undergraduates and (b) to investigate the role of Academic Hardiness 3Cs in the Harmonious (HP) and Obsessive (OP) passion. A convenience sample of 293 undergraduates completed the following scales: (a) Passion scale, (b) Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, (c) The Positive and Negative Affect schedule, and (d) The revised Academic Hardiness scale. Initially, results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the two-factor passion scale. Moreover, results from SEM analyses revealed that control and challenge were positively related to HP, whereas commitment was positively related to both HP and OP. A negative relationship was found between control and OP. OP was positively related with negative affect, which, in turn, was negatively related with undergraduates’ happiness. On the contrary, HP was positively related with positive affect, which, in turn, was positively related with happiness. Findings of the study are discussed, focusing on the adaptive nature of academic hardiness and harmonious passion in academic settings.
Novel application of live imaging to determine the functional cell biology of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) within a liver-on-a-chip platform
Authors: Whiteford James , Arokiasamy Samantha , Thompson Clare L. , Dufton Neil P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Imaging endothelial cell behaviour under physiological conditions, particularly those associated with chronic fibrotic pathologies, is an incredibly challenging endeavour. While short-term assessments (hours) can be achieved with techniques such as intravital microscopy, vascular changes often occur over days and weeks which is unfeasible with current imaging techniques. These challenges are exemplified within the liver where liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are known to undergo dramatic changes termed endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during fibrotic liver disease. Despite the established presence of EndMT in liver disease, the inaccessibility of viable liver tissue, and simplicity of 2D culture techniques has meant, the role of EndMT during disease progression remains largely undetermined. This study describes the development of novel fluorescent EndMT reporters to identify, track, and characterise the migratory behaviour of EndMT cells. We show that liver-on-a-chip (LOAC) platforms provide a flexible, optically accessible, and physiologically relevant microenvironment to study the vascular dynamics of EndMT during liver disease.

Methods
Identification, creation, and application of an EndMT-specific fluorescent reporter construct (EndMT-Rep). Transduction of EC using lentiviral packaged CNN1-eGFP construct as an inducible EndMT-Rep (CNN1-Rep) to 2D, 3D, and 4D imaging techniques for fixed and live cell imaging. Combined application of live and fixed imaging technologies to measure EndMT using CNN1-Rep on LOAC platform under physiological conditions. Demonstration of the high-resolution single-cell EndMT tracking by live cell time-lapse microscopy and with post-acquisition processing to perform a comparative study of CNN1-Rep and healthy LSECs within a NASH-like LOAC microenvironment.

Conclusions
LOAC enables prolonged, multi-platform imaging of endothelial cell sub-populations such as those undergoing EndMT in 2D and 3D cultures. Our study highlights the application of EndMT reporters, such as CNN1-Rep, to provide high-resolution imaging of EndMT behaviour for the first time under physiologically relevant liver microenvironment. Overall, these methods reveal the adaptability and impact of live-cell imaging on uncovering vascular behaviours, such as EndMT, that are unattainable in viable tissue or conventional 2D in vitro experiments.
Identity construction among remotely acculturating non-migrant youths: Psychological and social implications
Authors: Asekun Wakil Ajibola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Identity as a complex socio-historical concept can be negotiated by young adults if exposed to other cultures aside their own original culture and may thus bring about certain consequences that are hardly acknowledged.

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine how remote exposure to foreign cultures influences young adults in the major domains of their ethnic identity and also examine the extent to which the phenomenon influences the quality of interpersonal relationships as well as life satisfaction.

Method
A total number of 414 young men and women participated in the study. (Female = 57.48%; Male = 42.51%, age range is 16 and 35 years). The participants responded to questionnaires designed to measure: exposure to foreign culture, remote acculturation, ethnic identity, and two other validated scales. The data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result
Findings indicate that remote exposure to foreign culture partially predicted remote acculturation. Results also indicate that Identity exploration was positively related to remote acculturation. The study also found that there was a relationship between identity affirmation and life satisfaction. Identity affirmation was also found to be positively associated with quality of interpersonal relationships. Finally, there was a significant difference in the identity resolution of remotely-acculturating and non acculturating participants.

Conclusion
The study offers evidence on the reality of remote acculturation among the youths in Nigeria and suggested that loss of an identity to a foreign one among young people could affect family relationships and undermine social harmony. Adolescents could be supported through identity development process to develop in a way that makes them culturally competent globally but locally relevant.
Glacier-wide seasonal and annual geodetic mass balances from Pléiades stereo images: application to the Glacier d'Argentière, French Alps
Authors: Beraud Luc , Cusicanqui Diego , Rabatel Antoine , Brun Fanny , Vincent Christian , Six Delphine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe increased availability of high-resolution and high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) allows for the investigation of small-scale glaciological changes and improved precision in geodetic mass-balance estimates. However, high precision and careful methodological choices are required to retrieve glacier-wide mass changes at annual to seasonal time scales. Here, we used a 7-year time series of 12 DEMs of the Glacier d'Argentière, in the French Alps, derived from the Pléiades optical satellites to assess the ability of sub-metre stereoscopic satellite images to retrieve annual-to-seasonal mass balances. We found good agreement between the five annual and the four winter mass-balance values estimated using a geodetic method and those of in situ glaciological measurements: mean values via the geodetic method are −0.66 m w.e. and 1.47 m w.e. for annual and winter balances, respectively; mean absolute discrepancies are 0.25 m w.e. (annual) and 0.36 m w.e. (winter). Our study identified three main limitations of this methodology: (i) the intrinsic DEM precision; (ii) the lack of control over the satellite acquisition dates; and (iii) the density assumption. The consistency between the methods demonstrates the potential of short time-scale glacier mass-balance monitoring using very high-resolution satellite images.
Back to the Future. Sociological Perspectives on Expectations, Aspirations and Imagined Futures
Authors: Suckert Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s sociology has rediscovered a theme already present in the discipline’s foundational theories: the salience of future perceptions for social action. This article provides an overview of “the sociology of imagined futures”, a diverse but still scattered research field explicitly engaged with expectations, aspirations and future orientations. A review of recent scholarship emphasizes how an imagined future perspective is related to a wide range of topics and allows for innovative vantage points on persisting sociological research concerns, such as inequality, social identities, agency, coordination, power or understanding innovation and change. By systematically highlighting these contributions, but also by pointing to promising lacunae and perspectives that merit further development, this article shows how a reorientation of sociological research “back to the future” seems a promising way forward.
Greater Flash Flood Risks From Hourly Precipitation Extremes Preconditioned by Heatwaves in the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Chen Yang , Liao Zhen , Shi Yan , Li Puxi , Zhai Panmao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompared to singular hot or wet extremes, their occurrence in close sequence might cause larger impacts, because the initial hazard either increases exposure/vulnerability of affected communities to the next or physically worsens the second hazard. Heatwave‐preconditioned hourly precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River Valley are typical of the latter situation. Fueled by soaring convective energy after heatwaves' passage, hourly precipitation extremes are heavier, intensifying faster, and more concentrated during afternoon to evening, compared to those not proceeded by heatwaves. Consequently, flash flood‐producing events (e.g., 50 mm/hr or stronger) account for larger fractions in preconditioned events than in the non‐preconditioned group, with the spectrum difference further exaggerated by warming. This drives the frequency increase in potentially high‐impact events several‐fold larger than expected from the widely‐adopted univariate perspective. These results point to heatwave‐preconditioned hourly precipitation extremes as an emerging hazard of climate change carrying greater flash flood risks.
Effects of Anthropogenic Forcings on Multidecadal Variability of the Sea Level Around the Japanese Coast Simulated by MRI‐ESM2.0 for CMIP6
Authors: Ushijima Yusuke , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Kei , Ishii Masayoshi , Koshiro Tsuyoshi , Oshima Naga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe observed sea level (SL) around the Japanese coast shows a peculiar multidecadal variation with the peak in the 1950s followed by the gradual fall until the 1970s and the rebound continuing to the present, making the recent SL rise less remarkable in the historical record. The multidecadal SL variability of an ensemble mean of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 historical simulations using the Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI‐ESM2.0) compares well with the observation and is greater than the piControl one, implying the observed variability could be a forced one. The MRI‐ESM2.0 simulations for the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project suggest the increase in anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases caused the fall and rise of the SL, respectively. Additional sensitivity runs indicate the surface heat loss in the North Pacific due to anthropogenic aerosols plays a dominant role in the SL fall.
MAVEN‐STATIC Observations of Ion Temperature and Initial Ion Acceleration in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Hanley K. G. , Fowler C. M. , McFadden J. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Curry S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThough ion escape to space is an important mechanism for atmospheric loss at Mars, the processes that accelerate ions to escape velocity have not been fully identified and quantified. The lowest altitude where suprathermal planetary ions appear is an important source region for ion escape, where electromagnetic forces and waves begin to energize ions to escape velocity. We have conducted a statistical study of distribution functions measured by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN SupraThermal And Thermal Ion Composition in order to identify the region where suprathermal tails appear. At all solar zenith angles, suprathermal ions appear just above the exobase region, where the mean free path between collisions exceeds the neutral gas scale height. temperature profiles are also presented. We also investigate the effects of crustal magnetism, finding that crustal fields protect planetary plasma on the dayside and enhance energization on the nightside.
Diurnal Variations in the Aphelion Cloud Belt as Observed by the Emirates Exploration Imager (EXI)
Authors: Wolff Michael J. , Fernando Anton , Smith Michael D. , Forget François , Millour Ehouarn , Atwood Samuel A. , Jones Andrew R. , Osterloo Mikki M. , Shuping Ralph , Al Shamsi Mariam , Jeppesen Christian , Fisher Charles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObservations by the Emirates eXploration Imager (EXI) on‐board the Emirates Mars Mission are used to characterize the diurnal, seasonal, and spatial behavior of aphelion cloud belt during Mars Year 36 LS ∼ 30°–190°. Building from previous work with the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, we retrieve water ice extinction optical depth (τice) with an uncertainty ±0.0232 (excluding particle size effects). We connect EXI and MARCI using radiance and τice. Zonal and meridional diurnal trends are analyzed over 6–18 hr Local True Solar Time. The retrievals show large morning‐evening asymmetries about a minimum near 12 hr. The latitudinal distributions in early morning are extensive and particularly striking near mid‐summer. Comparisons to the Mars Planetary Climate Model show reasonable agreement with basic diurnal behavior, but noticeable departures include too much water ice in early morning, the general latitudinal extent, and behavior at smaller scales like the volcanoes and other topographically distinct features.
Midnight Sun to Polar Night: A Model of Seasonal Light in the Barents Sea
Authors: Connan‐McGinty Stacey , Banas Neil S. , Berge Jørgen , Cottier Finlo , Grant Stephen , Johnsen Geir , Kopec Tomasz P. , Porter Marie , McKee David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArctic marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by the extreme seasonality of light in the region. Accurate determination of light is essential for building a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of animal and aquatic algae populations. Current approaches to underwater light field parameterisations rely upon shortwave radiation (300–3000 nm) estimates from satellites or surface radiometry measurements to populate full radiative transfer software. Due to the inaccessibility of many regions in the Arctic, measured data is not widely available. This study presents a model of spectrally resolved underwater light in ice‐free conditions in the Barents Sea. Given a location and time, the model accounts for downwelling spectral irradiance in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) range (ED PAR) at the ocean surface from solar, lunar, and galactic light sources, modulated by local cloud cover. We demonstrate the ability to extend over the full year into the period of Polar Night, validated in both broadband PAR and spectral domains. Using a bio‐optical model of diffuse attenuation developed for the Barents Sea, we show accurate calculations to depth for inhomogeneous water columns over a spatial‐temporal range, validated against time series irradiance data from the ArcLight observatory in Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard and in‐situ irradiance sensors deployed in the Barents Sea. Finally, in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art radiative transfer models, averaged over the water column we demonstrate a typical mean absolute error of <1 μmol m−2 s−1 in ED PAR for overcast conditions (<6 μmol m−2 s−1 for clear‐sky) and reduced execution time of factor 20.
Radar—CubeSat Transionospheric HF Propagation Observations: Suomi 100 Satellite and EISCAT HF Facility
Authors: Kallio Esa , Kero Antti , Harri Ari‐Matti , Kestilä Antti , Aikio Anita , Fontell Mathias , Jarvinen Riku , Kauristie Kirsti , Knuuttila Olli , Koskimaa Petri , Loyala Jauaries , Lukkari Juha‐Matti , Modabberian Amin , Niittyniemi Joonas , Rynö Jouni , Vanhamäki Heikki , Varberg Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRadio waves provide a useful diagnostic tool to investigate the properties of the ionosphere because the ionosphere affects the transmission and properties of high frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves. We have conducted a transionospheric HF‐propagation research campaign with a nanosatellite on a low‐Earth polar orbit and the EISCAT HF transmitter facility in Tromsø, Norway, in December 2020. In the active measurement, the EISCAT HF facility transmitted sinusoidal 7.953 MHz signal which was received with the High frEquency rAdio spectRomEteR (HEARER) onboard 1 Unit (size: 10 × 10 × 10 cm) Suomi 100 space weather nanosatellite. Data analysis showed that the EISCAT HF signal was detected with the satellite's radio spectrometer when the satellite was the closest to the heater along its orbit. Part of the observed variations seen in the signal was identified to be related to the heater's antenna pattern and to the transmitted pulse shapes. Other observed variations can be related to the spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere and its different responses to the used transmission frequencies and to the transmitted O‐ and X‐wave modes. Some trends in the observed signal may also be associated to changes in the properties of ionospheric plasma resulting from the heater's electromagnetic wave energy. This paper is, to authors' best knowledge, the first observation of this kind of “self‐absorption” measured from the transionospheric signal path from a powerful radio source on the ground to the satellite‐borne receiver.
Single-cell transcriptome reveals cellular hierarchies and guides p-EMT-targeted trial in skull base chordoma
Authors: Zhang Qilin , Fei Lijiang , Han Rui , Huang Ruofan , Wang Yongfei , Chen Hong , Yao Boyuan , Qiao Nidan , Wang Zhe , Ma Zengyi , Ye Zhao , Zhang Yichao , Wang Weiwei , Wang Ye , Kong Lin , Shou Xuefei , Cao Xiaoyun , Zhou Xiang , Shen Ming , Cheng Haixia , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Chao , Guo Guoji , Zhao Yao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSkull base chordoma (SBC) is a bone cancer with a high recurrence rate, high radioresistance rate, and poorly understood mechanism. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of 90,691 single cells, revealed the SBC cellular hierarchies, and explored novel treatment targets. We identified a cluster of stem-like SBC cells that tended to be distributed in the inferior part of the tumor. Combining radiated UM-Chor1 RNA-seq data and in vitro validation, we further found that this stem-like cell cluster is marked by cathepsin L (CTSL), a gene involved in the packaging of telomere ends, and may be responsible for radioresistance. Moreover, signatures related to partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) were found to be significant in malignant cells and were related to the invasion and poor prognosis of SBC. Furthermore, YL-13027, a p-EMT inhibitor that acts through the TGF-β signaling pathway, demonstrated remarkable potency in inhibiting the invasiveness of SBC in preclinical models and was subsequently applied in a phase I clinical trial that enrolled three SBC patients. Encouragingly, YL-13027 attenuated the growth of SBC and achieved stable disease with no serious adverse events, underscoring the clinical potential for the precision treatment of SBC with this therapy. In summary, we conducted the first single-cell RNA sequencing of SBC and identified several targets that could be translated to the treatment of SBC.
Rate of speech decline in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Eshghi Marziye , Yunusova Yana , Connaghan Kathryn P. , Perry Bridget J. , Maffei Marc F. , Berry James D. , Zinman Lorne , Kalra Sanjay , Korngut Lawrence , Genge Angela , Dionne Annie , Green Jordan R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough speech declines rapidly in some individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), longitudinal changes in speech have rarely been characterized. The study objectives were to model the rate of decline in speaking rate and speech intelligibility as a function of disease onset site, sex, and age at onset in 166 individuals with ALS; and estimate time to speech loss from symptom onset. We also examined the association between clinical (speaking rate/intelligibility) measures and patient-reported measures of ALS progression (ALSFRS-R). Speech measures declined faster in the bulbar-onset group than in the spinal-onset group. The rate of decline was not significantly affected by sex and age. Functional speech was still maintained at 60 months since disease onset for most patients with spinal onset. However, the time to speech loss was 23 months based on speaking rate < 120 (w/m) and 32 months based on speech intelligibility < 85% in individuals with ALS-bulbar onset. Speech measures were more responsive to functional decline than were the patient-reported measures. The findings of this study will inform future work directed toward improving speech prognosis in ALS, which is critical for determining the appropriate timing of interventions, providing appropriate counseling for patients, and evaluating functional changes during clinical trials.