bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the Barriers to Cataract Surgical Uptake in a Tertiary Hospital − How Patients Do It
Authors: Obasuyi Osamudiamen C. , Uhumwangho Odarosa M. , Ukponmwan Catherine U. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
To identify the various means by which patients overcome barriers to cataract surgery in a tertiary hospital.

Materials and methods:
This was a descriptive hospital-based study of the barriers to the uptake of cataract surgical services in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital and how patients overcome them. Four hundred patients who presented to the eye clinic participated in this study. Patients, who had surgery within the study period at least more than a week from counseling and when a clinical decision to have surgery was made, were asked to describe the ways they overcame their barriers to surgery and the responses were collated and analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 21.

Results:
The study recruited 400 consecutive patients attending the eye clinic who had a cataract or were yet to have cataract surgery. There were 217 males (54.3%) and 183 females (45.8%), a ratio of 1.2:1. One hundred and eighty-five (84.5%) participants had delayed cataract surgery during the study period with finance (51.4%) and a lack of felt need (28.6%) playing a major role in delaying surgeries. Fear of outcome (12.4%) also played a role in delaying surgery. Free cataract surgical services helped sort out the economic constraint among some participants, whereas support from relations, as well as motivation from relatives and other people who had good outcome from surgeries, helped overcome other barriers such as fear of outcome and lack of escort to the hospital.

Conclusion:
Motivators may play a huge role in improving the uptake of cataract surgery. These motivators may be cataract evangelists or relatives themselves. Economic constraints may be tackled by free eye surgeries, reduced cost of eye care, and/or improving efficiency in the course of providing eye-care services.
Refractive Changes in Pregnant Nigerian Women
Authors: Nwajei EC , Achigbu EO , Nkwogu FU , Ogborogu EU , Dike KC 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim of the study is to determine the changes in refraction that occur amongst healthy pregnant women in South-Eastern Nigeria.

Materials and methods:
This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Forty-six healthy pregnant women and an equal number of healthy nonpregnant women, designated as cases and controls, respectively, were recruited from the antenatal clinic (ANC) of Federal Medical Centre Owerri and followed up from the first trimester of pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum. All participants underwent ocular examinations and intraocular pressure measurement using Perkins handheld applanation tonometer and refraction (subjective and objective). These examinations were repeated and recorded during the second trimester, third trimester, and 6 weeks postpartum follow-up visits. Data obtained were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A myopic shift in the mean refraction of the pregnant women as the pregnancy advanced was observed. This change in the refractive state was however not statistically significant (P = 0.14) and it did not have any significant effect on their distance visual acuity (P ≥ 0.11) and near visual acuity (P ≥ 0.10).

Conclusion:
Normal pregnancy is associated with changes in refraction; nonetheless, these change maybe innocuous and gradually resolves following delivery. Clinicians may need to delay spectacle correction for pregnant women who experience visual symptoms from physiological changes in refraction unless it is deemed necessary.
Risk Factors for Age-related Macular Degeneration in Benin City, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Otabor-Olubor Osayem J. , Ekechukwu L. O. , Uhumwangho O. M. , Omoti A. E. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
Various risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) have been postulated and identified. This study seeks to identify risk factors for cases with ARMD in our environment and proffer appropriate recommendations on ways to reduce the risk of its development and progression.

Methods:
This was a case–control hospital-based study conducted in the out-patient eye clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The cases were patients attending the eye clinic, with a diagnosis of ARMD and the controls were patients without a diagnosis of ARMD for a period of 7 months, all 50 years and above. Chi-squared and Fisher exact analyses were used to explore variables. Logistic regression (unadjusted and adjusted) were used to determine possible risk factors and their interactions.

Results:
A total of 240 respondents made of 120 cases and 120 controls participated in the study. A higher proportion of the respondents in both study groups was in the age group 60 to 69 years; cases 48 (40.0%) and controls 49 (40.8%) years. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for risk factors for ARMD includes male sex [OR: 3.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92–10.23], those who resided in urban areas (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 0.13–73.14), those who were employed (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.46–4.54), alcohol use (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 0.21–16.61), regular consumption of fast foods (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.00–2355.87), obesity (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.46–4.16), use of nontinted glasses (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.14–1.35), and diabetes (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.30–5.63).

Conclusion:
In this study, increasing age, the female gender, increasing body weight, and myopia were positively associated with ARMD. Tertiary education, weekly consumption of fruits, and the use of tinted spectacles were protective against ARMD. Identifying these risk factors in our environment will be a major step in planning health awareness programs geared toward management of progression of ARMD.
Guest Editors' Editorial
Authors: Krieber Elisabeth , Stenico Christian , Straub Christoph , Hofer Roberta 
Published: January 2022

In lieu of an abstract, this is the first paragraph of the contribution:
This third issue of the Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies (JAAAS) is a special issue in more ways than one. The idea at its core was to highlight contributions by emerging scholars in American studies at Austrian universities, compiled and arranged by a team of guest editors who are members of Austria’s Young Americanists (AYA)—the graduate network affiliated with the Austrian Association for American Studies (AAAS). Beyond that, the journal itself is likewise young—at the time we began our work, it had just been founded and was still in its conceptual stages. As such, the editing process presented a number of unique challenges in the ambitious process of putting together a special issue. While most jobs in academia are tenuous, with 78% of all scientific jobs at universities being limited term,1 coordinating long-term projects presents an exciting but sometimes unpredictable endeavor, especially at the early career level. This is reflected in both the composition of the issue’s editorial team, as well as the remarkable flexibility demonstrated by all contributors throughout the process.
Determination of the Contribution of the Reserve Fund for Flood Natural Disaster Management in the DKI Jakarta Region
Authors: Nugraha Dwita Safira , Susanti Dwi , Sukono Sukono 
Published: January 2022

Floods are natural disasters that are quite difficult to predict. As a result, there are many losses both materially, morally and even to the point of taking lives. In Indonesia, one of the areas that experience flooding the most is DKI Jakarta. In early 2020, flooding was the biggest cause of loss in the region. The role of the people of DKI Jakarta is very important in collecting contributions to the reserve fund for disaster emergency response. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the amount of reserve fund contributions for community-based flood disaster management in the DKI Jakarta area based on the Collective Risk Model method approach, using Poisson and Log-Normal distributions, including parameter estimates Â and (Î¼,Ïƒ) , resulting in an estimate of the expected magnitude of the risk of loss. Based on these expectations, the contribution amount can be calculated using the Individual and Collective Risk Model. The result of this research is the contribution of funds which is calculated based on the principle of expected value
Avaliação científica e subjetividade: o “artigo-comprimido” como síntese de uma produção científica alienante
Authors: Magnin Luana Silvy de Lorenzi Tezza , Faria José Henrique de , Petean Gustavo Henrique 
Published: January 2022

Diante das mudanças dos últimos anos no campo da avaliação científica, o objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os efeitos da relação das atuais políticas de avaliação científica da CAPES e a subjetividade dos pesquisadores públicos em Administração. O estudo qualitativo foi realizado com 13 pesquisadores com alto índice de publicação e os enunciados foram analisados a partir da filosofia da linguagem de Bakhtin. Os resultados apontam para três eixos principais: (i) perda da dimensão coletiva da universidade como instância política de reflexão e decisão; (ii) corrida cega para um fim que não é problematizado; (iii) invisibilidade da intensificação do trabalho e negação de sua relação com os processos de saúde/doença. Esses eixos, em conjunto, expressam o grau de alienação a que chegou o trabalho científico, no qual a publicação da pesquisa segundo um padrão específico torna-se mais meritória que sua própria concepção e desenvolvimento. Constata-se uma ruptura, um desencontro, entre significado e sentido, que passam a ser ocupados por vozes monológicas – padronizantes – e que aniquilam a pluralidade que constitui, de fato, o fazer científico. Conclui-se que o desejo e o empenho dos pesquisadores em atender aos critérios de avaliação direcionam a produção acadêmica. Nota-se também a redução do exercício da autonomia e da dimensão política e social de reflexão na Academia.
Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension among Traders in Lagos
Authors: Achonu Chinmeri U , Amira Christiana O , Abiola Abdulhakeem O 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation in the blood pressure of an individual above levels considered normal for the individual’s age, sex, race, and body size. Awareness of hypertensive status among traders in Enugu was 29.4% as of 2017. This study focused on the level of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among traders in Lagos because of the increasing morbidity and mortality from hypertension in Lagos.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among a total of 391 traders selected from the Tejuosho market, Iponri market and Orile Iganmu market. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and blood pressure was read using a digital sphygmomanometer as well as anthropometric measurements. Data obtained was analyzed using Epi-info 7.2 software. Analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval with a P-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test.
Results: It was found that only 46.6% of the traders were aware of their hypertensive status with 62.5% currently on treatment and less than half (43.3%) being controlled for hypertension.
Conclusions: This study showed that awareness of hypertensive status among the traders was low and the majority of the hypertensive traders were poorly controlled despite treatment greater than 6months.
Recommendations: Traders to be educated about their health regularly, undergo frequent blood pressure screening and for Lagos state ministry of health to stipulate and enforce guidelines for hypertensive patients to get specialist care by regulating the activities of private hospitals in the management of hypertension.
Helicobacter pylori y cáncer gástrico
Authors: Cuenca Buele Sylvana Alexandra , Lozano Iria , Jara Guerrero Edmo , Ganán Romero Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Desde su descubrimiento Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) ha sido ampliamente estudiado y se ha encontrado asociado a niveles socioeconómicos bajos donde la prevalencia es mayor. Este microorganismo está involucrado en un amplio espectro de patología gástrica como: gastritis crónica, úlceras pépticas, adenocarcinoma y linfoma. En la actualidad se acepta el rol etiológico importante de H. pylori en el cáncer gástrico y sus lesiones precursoras, por lo que consideramos importante actualizar información sobre esta temática.
Objetivo: Determinar el rol del Helicobacter pylori en el cáncer gástrico y sus lesiones precursoras, a través de la búsqueda bibliográfica en revistas científicas de los últimos 5 años.
Métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en la obtención de información documental sistemática de investigaciones realizadas en diferentes partes del mundo. Se recurrió a las siguientes bases de datos ScIELO, Science Direct y Google Académico, se seleccionaron artículos en inglés y en español.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 25 estudios publicados entre el 2015 y 2020 con los cuales se pudo dar cumplimiento al objetivo planteado.
Conclusiones: H. pylori se encuentra involucrado en la génesis del cáncer gástrico y otras patologías gastrointestinales como la gastritis crónica, úlceras y linfoma MALT. Su prevalencia es mayor en países en vías de desarrollo que en países desarrollados. Emplea mecanismos patogénicos que le permiten colonizar la mucosa gástrica y producir una serie de alteraciones morfológicas que secuencialmente van desde la gastritis crónica, atrofia, metaplasia, displasia y adenocarcinoma.
Mediação de conflitos, inclusão social e linguagem jurídica: potencialidades e superações
Authors: Bortolai Luís Henrique , Tartuce Fernanda 
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho objetiva, sob a perspectiva dos direitos humanos, destacar a relevante inclusão social que pode ser alcançada com a utilização de meios eficientes de acesso à justiça. Superar problemas ligados à comunicação é fundamental para a construção de respostas conjuntas pelas partes, sendo a mediação um mecanismo eficiente para facilitar o diálogo entre pessoas em conflito. A atuação do mediador favorece falas simplificadas e, com o uso da técnica de escuta ativa, contribui para o enfrentamento de problemas ligados à tradicional linguagem jurídica. A utilização de uma linguagem acessível a todos é característica da mediação e colabora para superar incompreensões técnicas, possibilitando a participação ativa de todos na resolução de disputas.
O materialismo histórico-dialético: fundamentos filosóficos, epistemológicos e políticos
Authors: Souza Antonio Carlos de , Nunes Cesar Adriano Ribeiro 
Published: January 2022

O artigo apresenta uma definição criteriosa do referencial político, filosófico, social e econômico, reconhecido e denominado como materialismo Histórico-Dialético. Realiza uma contextualização estrutural da emergência histórica e da produção social e política dessa visão de mundo, dessa metodologia de compreensão da prática social e da decorrente referencialidade teórico-metodológico de pesquisa. Destaca a Filosofia da Praxis como ciência e política da transformação da realidade, com explicitação de seus determinantes epistemológicos, políticos e educacionais. Assume o referencial crítico-dialético e maneja as categorias de hegemonia e de bloco histórico, a partir do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) e de Sanchez Vázquez (1915-2011). Apresenta possibilidades para a produção de pesquisas histórico-críticas na Educação e no ensino de Filosofia.
‘Biguine d’amour’ : l’intermélodicité ‘récituelle’ dans La Mulâtresse Solitude
Authors: Eloidin Esther 
Published: January 2022

Dans La Mulâtresse Solitude, André Schwarz-Bart nous livre un récit à la jonction de plusieurs textes de chansons dont il fait à la fois l’écho, la transmission, la réinterprétation, l’accentuation, la reprise et la transformation. Appliquer à ce récit la transposition du principe de l’approche intertextuelle au domaine musical, ainsi que le suggère Florence Mouchet dans son étude sur les chansons médiévales, paraît comme une évidence. Il sera donc ici question d’intermélodicité dont le récit secondaire peut se lire comme un long ‘récituel’ dédié à la mémoire des esclaves et plus particulièrement à celle de la Mulâtresse Solitude. Les travaux réalisés par Kathleen Gyssels, Élie Duprey ou encore Francine Kaufmann permettent d’étendre la réflexion dans ce sens. C’est pourquoi cette analyse tente d’apporter un autre éclairage sur le caractère profondément énigmatique de la musique schwarz-bartienne.
Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in eastern Japan
Authors: Kajino Mizuo , Watanabe Akira , Ishizuka Masahide , Kita Kazuyuki , Zaizen Yuji , Kinase Takeshi , Hirai Rikuya , Konnai Kakeru , Saya Akane , Iwaoka Kazuki , Shiroma Yoshitaka , Hasegawa Hidenao , Akata Naofumi , Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji , Igarashi Yasuhito 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Resuspension of 137Cs from the contaminated ground
surface to the atmosphere is essential for understanding the environmental
behaviors of 137Cs and estimating external and inhalation exposure of
residents. Kajino et al. (2016) assessed the 137Cs resuspension flux
from bare soil and forest ecosystems in eastern Japan in 2013 using a numerical
simulation constrained by surface air concentration measurements. However,
the simulation was found to underestimate the observed deposition amounts by
2 orders of magnitude. The reason for this underestimation is that the
simulation assumed that resuspended 137Cs is carried by submicron
aerosols, which have low deposition rates. Based on the observational
indications that soil dust and bioaerosols are the major carriers of
resuspended 137Cs, a new simulation is performed with higher deposition
rates constrained by both surface concentrations and deposition amounts. In
the new estimation, the total areal annual resuspension of 137Cs in
2013 is 25.7 TBq, which is equivalent to 0.96 % of the initial deposition
(2.68 PBq). Due to the rapid deposition rates, the annual redeposition
amount is also large at 10.6 TBq, approximately 40 % of the resuspended
137Cs. The resuspension rate through the atmosphere (0.96 % yr−1)
seems slow, but it (2.6 × 10−5 d−1) may not be negligibly
small compared to the actual decreasing trend of the ambient gamma dose rate
obtained in Fukushima Prefecture after the radioactive decay of 137Cs
plus 134Cs in 2013 is subtracted (1.0–7.9 × 10−4 d−1): resuspension can account for 1 %–10 % of the decreasing rate due
to decontamination and natural decay through land surface processes. The
current simulation underestimated the 137Cs deposition in Fukushima
city in winter by more than an order of magnitude, indicating the presence
of additional resuspension sources. The site of Fukushima city is surrounded
by major roads. Heavy traffic on wet and muddy roads after snow removal
operations could generate superlarge (approximately 100 µm in
diameter) road dust or road salt particles, which are not included in the
model but might contribute to the observed 137Cs at the site.
Regional-scale phytoplankton dynamics and their association with glacier meltwater runoff in Svalbard
Authors: Dunse Thorben , Dong Kaixing , Aas Kjetil Schanke , Stige Leif Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Arctic amplification of global warming has accelerated mass loss of Arctic
land ice over the past decades and led to increased freshwater discharge into
glacier fjords and adjacent seas. Glacier freshwater discharge is typically
associated with high sediment load which limits the euphotic depth but may
also aid to provide surface waters with essential nutrients, thus having
counteracting effects on marine productivity. In situ observations from a few
measured fjords across the Arctic indicate that glacier fjords dominated by
marine-terminating glaciers are typically more productive than those with only
land-terminating glaciers. Here we combine chlorophyll a from
satellite ocean color, an indicator of phytoplankton biomass, with glacier
meltwater runoff from climatic mass-balance modeling to establish a
statistical model of summertime phytoplankton dynamics in Svalbard (mid-June
to September). Statistical analysis reveals significant and positive
spatiotemporal associations of chlorophyll a with glacier runoff for
7 out of 14 primary hydrological regions but only within 10 km
distance from the shore. These seven regions consist predominantly of the
major fjord systems of Svalbard. The adjacent land areas are characterized by
a wide range of total glacier coverage (35.5 % to 81.2 %)
and fraction of marine-terminating glacier area
(40.2 % to 87.4 %). We find that an increase in specific
glacier-runoff rate of 10 mm water equivalent per 8 d period
raises summertime chlorophyll a concentrations by
5.2 % to 20.0 %, depending on the region. During the annual peak discharge we estimate that glacier runoff increases chlorophyll a by 13.1 % to 50.2 % compared to situations with no runoff. This suggests that glacier runoff is an
important factor sustaining summertime phytoplankton production in Svalbard
fjords, in line with findings from several fjords in Greenland. In contrast,
for regions bordering open coasts, and beyond 10 km distance from the
shore, we do not find significant associations of chlorophyll a with
runoff. In these regions, physical ocean and sea-ice variables control
chlorophyll a, pointing at the importance of a late sea-ice breakup
in northern Svalbard, as well as the advection of Atlantic water masses along
the West Spitsbergen Current for summertime phytoplankton dynamics. Our method
allows for the investigation and monitoring of glacier-runoff effects on primary
production throughout the summer season and is applicable on a pan-Arctic
scale, thus complementing valuable but scarce in situ measurements in both
space and time.
Sudden stratospheric warmings during El Niño and La Niña: sensitivity to atmospheric model biases
Authors: Tyrrell Nicholas L. , Koskentausta Juho M. , Karpechko Alexey Yu. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The number of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) per year is affected by
the phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), yet there are
discrepancies between the observed and modelled relationship. We investigate
how systematic model biases in atmospheric winds and temperatures may affect
the ENSO–SSW connection. A two-step bias correction process is applied to
the troposphere, stratosphere, or full atmosphere of an atmospheric general
circulation model. ENSO-type sensitivity experiments are then performed by
adding El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies
to the model's prescribed SSTs, to reveal the impact of differing
climatologies on the ENSO–SSW teleconnection. The number of SSWs per year is overestimated in the control run, and this
statistic is improved when biases are reduced in both the stratosphere and
troposphere. The seasonal cycle of SSWs is also improved by the bias
corrections. The composite SSW responses in the stratospheric zonal wind,
geopotential height, and surface response are well represented in both the
control and bias-corrected runs. The model response of SSWs to ENSO phase is
more linear than in observations, in line with previous modelling studies,
and this is not changed by the reduced biases. However, the ratio of wave 1
events to wave 2 events as well as the tendency to have more wave 1 events
during El Niño years than La Niña years is improved in the bias-corrected runs.