bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some relations between elastic and physical parameters of pure metals
Authors: Buch Alfred 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present contribution shows that a correlation between the rating of elastic moduli E [tension], G [torsion] and B [for hydrostatic compression] and that of the latent fusion heat for metallic elements exits in subgroups. It was shown that for pairs of metals with close E-values and close values of atomic mass and volume parameters, also the bulk moduli B are close. However when the mass-parameter of the second metal of the pair is evidently smaller, than also its B-modulus is much smaller for this metal. Therefore is the Young’s modulus a better measure of bond force magnitude than the bulk modulus.
Measurement and control of copper and tin coatings
Authors: Runje Biserka , Alar Željko , Rede Vera 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Comparison of thickness measurement for selectively applied copper and tin coatings on printed circuit boards was performed by use of destructive and non-destructive methods. The analysis of measurement results was performed by applying criterion of critical difference of repeatability and reproducibility according to international standard ISO 5725-(1-6):1994. Comparison of results for measuring ranges on the basis of critical difference of reproducibility, shows that results of measurement for copper and tin coatings obtained by using different methods are mutually comparable. In measuring tin coating, repeatability of measurement results was achieved and that means that results obtained in very strict conditions are comparable.
Einsatz von Computertomographie in der Reverse-Engineering-Technologie
Authors: Bartscher Markus , Hilpert Uwe , Goebbels Jürgen , Weidemann Gerd , Puder Holm , Jidav Horia-Nicolae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Unter vollständigem Reverse-Engineering (RE) versteht man die physische Rekonstruktion eines Bauteils ohne Kenntnis seiner Konstruktionsdaten. Am Anfang einer vollständigen Reverse-Engineering-Prozesskette steht das Originalbauteil, am Ende seine physische Kopie. Sollen auch innere Bauteilgeometrien erfasst werden, ist Computertomographie (CT) mit Röntgenstrahlen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Prozesskette. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel eines Zylinderkopfes – einer historischen Motorkomponente eines Horch 853 Automobils von 1935–37 – eine vollständige RE-Prozesskette dargestellt und der Einfluss der verschiedenen Prozessschritte auf die Rekonstruktion des Originalteils untersucht. Die Prozesskette besteht aus der Bestimmung von äußeren und inneren Geometrien durch optische und CT-Messtechnik, der Verschmelzungder Ausgangsmessdaten zu einem einzigen Multisensordatensatz und dem Erstellen des virtuellen Modells, d. h. eines geeigneten Konstruktionsdatensatzes als Ausgangsbasis für die Fertigung der Bauteilkopien. Die Fertigung baut hier auf weiteren abgeleiteten Datensätzen auf, die gießtechnische sowie Bearbeitungsmodifikationen enthalten. Durch die notwendige Adaption an moderne Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet die Rekonstruktion eines historischen Bauteils immer auch eine partielle Umkonstruktion. Der originale Zylinderkopf diente als Vorlage für ein virtuelles Modell, von dem mehrere Kopien aus unterschiedlichen Materialien (Grauguss, Aluminium) angefertigt wurden. Der Beitrag stellt die angewandte, optimierte Prozesskette dar.
Omni-directional and broadband acoustic anti-reflection and universal acoustic impedance matching
Authors: Im Ku , Park Q-Han 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of the perfect anti-reflection of acoustic waves, regardless of frequency and incident angle, is presented. We show that reflections at a planar interface between two different acoustic media can be removed by adding a nonlocal metamaterial that compensates for the impedance mismatch. The properties required of a nonlocal metamaterial are explicitly specified through spatio-temporally dispersive mass density and bulk modulus. We analyze the characteristics of spatio-temporal dispersion according to the thickness of the matching layer. We discuss the issue of the total internal reflection caused by conventional matching layers and explain how our nonlocal matching layer avoids this. The practical design of our nonlocal layer using metamaterials is explained. The omni-directional frequency-independent behavior of the proposed anti-reflection matching layer is confirmed through explicit numerical calculation using the finite element method, and comparisons made to the conventional quarter-wave matching layer approach.
Terahertz 3D bulk metamaterials with randomly dispersed split-ring resonators
Authors: Okatani Taiyu , Sunada Yuto , Hane Kazuhiro , Kanamori Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While optical systems using terahertz wave are expected to achieve beneficial applications, at present, the materials of the optical elements that compose them must be selected from limited choices. In this study, we propose a three-dimensional bulk metamaterial in which metal microstructures are dispersed in the bulk resin randomly. A bulk metamaterial was designed and fabricated, in which split-ring resonators known as typical metamaterials were dispersed in cyclo-olefin polymer. In the fabrication method, a resin sheet containing split-ring resonators was first prepared and then diced into resin grains containing a single split-ring resonator. Finally, they were filled in a mold and solidified with a resin solution to obtain the target bulk metamaterial. The optical properties of the fabricated bulk metamaterial were measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The measurement results confirmed that the refractive index deviated from the original refractive index of the cyclo-olefin polymer due to the resonance of split-ring resonators, suggesting that the proposed bulk metamaterials could be used as a new optical material in the terahertz band.
Probing the long-lived photo-generated charge carriers in transition metal dichalcogenides by time-resolved microwave photoconductivity
Authors: Herman Artur P. , Zelewski Szymon J. , Misztal Kamil , Kudrawiec Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Understanding the dissociation of excitons into long-lived free charge carriers is a crucial issue when considering the applications of transition metal dichalcogenides (excitonic semiconductors) oriented toward the use of solar energy (such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis). In our work, long-lived carriers have been observed by time-resolved microwave photoconductivity (TRMC) for the first time in both atomically thin and bulk MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 crystals. The lifetime of majority carriers is close to microseconds and can even reach several microseconds due to different contribution of surface and defect states, as well as surface band bending (bulk). The three components depend on the material and vary from sample to sample, therefore determining the dynamics of the TRMC signal. The rise time of TRMC signal was found to be in the range of 0.1–0.2 μs and as it depends on the studied material it can be speculated that it is related to the dissociation time of excitons captured by traps.
All-metallic high-efficiency generalized Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurface with chiral meta-atoms
Authors: Cai Jixiang , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Chen Yan , Guo Yinghui , Xie Ting , Feng Xingdong , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase have attracted significant attention in the domains of subwavelength optics and electromagnetics. Conventional theory predicts that the PB phase is exactly twice the rotation angle of the anisotropic meta-atoms. Differently, a recent advance has demonstrated that the generalized PB phase representing multiple times of the rotation angle could be obtained with high-fold rotational symmetry meta-atoms, but it suffers from the low cross-polarization conversion efficiency (the theoretical upper limit of 25%) that impedes its further applications, especially for meta-atoms with rotational symmetry ≥3. Here, we verify that the chiral meta-atoms with high-fold rotational symmetries could produce the generalized PB phase. Besides, the all-metallic configuration is utilized to design C2, C3, and C5 chiral catenary meta-atoms to improve their efficiency and bandwidth. The equivalent air waveguide with low loss between two adjacent meta-atoms is formed to analyse the higher performances of the all-metallic scheme for the realization of the generalized PB phase compared with the metal–insulator–metal and all-dielectric C3 meta-atoms. As a proof of concept, four metadevices including two spin-Hall metadevices and two holograms are experimentally demonstrated and their maximum efficiency could exceed 83% in simulation. This work could provide a high-efficiency platform for the study of the generalized PB phase in linear and nonlinear optics.
Singularities splitting phenomenon for the superposition of hybrid orders structured lights and the corresponding interference discrimination method
Authors: Mao Baiwei , Liu Yange , Chang Wenzhe , Chen Liang , Feng Mao , Guo Huiyi , He Jiangyong , Wang Zhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is the basic characteristic of pure vortex light that there is a phase singularity at the origin. Such a singularity may be multiple degenerate, which determines the order of vortex light. Singularities splitting phenomenon means that singularities no longer concentrate at the origin but distribute around the space, usually occurring in impure vortex light. In this paper, we demonstrate the singularities splitting phenomenon and propose an analysis method, based on which one may rapidly estimate the modal components of impure vortex light. As two common singularity discrimination methods, the spiral and fork wire interference patterns are compared in distinguishing splitting singularities. The most widely used spiral interference pattern is revealed to be the worst form because of the low resolution. Instead, the fork wire interference pattern is with higher and easily adjusted resolution. 1‰ impurity is still able to be distinguished through fork wire interference patterns in the experiment.
Computing metasurfaces for all-optical image processing: a brief review
Authors: He Shanshan , Wang Ruisi , Luo Hailu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Computing metasurfaces are two-dimensional artificial nanostructures capable of performing mathematical operations on the input electromagnetic field, including its amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency distributions. Rapid progress in the development of computing metasurfaces provide exceptional abilities for all-optical image processing, including the edge-enhanced imaging, which opens a broad range of novel and superior applications for real-time pattern recognition. In this paper, we review recent progress in the emerging field of computing metasurfaces for all-optical image processing, focusing on innovative and promising applications in optical analog operations, image processing, microscopy imaging, and quantum imaging.
Public compliance with environmental sanitation regulations in Ghana
Authors: Mensah Justice , Mattah Precious Agbeko D. , Amoah John Oti , Mattah Memuna Mawusi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the negative impacts of poor environmental sanitation (ES) on the environment, economy, public health, and livelihoods, various efforts are constantly being made in countries all over the world, particularly by their governments, to regulate public behaviour to conform to acceptable sanitation standards. However, public compliance with sanitation regulations is low in Ghana, culminating in the lowering of the country’s international image in recent years as far as sanitation is concerned. The study examined the phenomenon of low public compliance with ES regulations in Ghana. Qualitative data were collected from purposively selected experts and key informants in ES management, using in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using the thematic technique. The findings revealed that the low compliance phenomenon was due to ineffective law enforcement, inadequate public education and sanitation infrastructure, low capacity of implementing institutions, lenient penalties, and poor sanitation culture. Compliance management seemed linear in theory, as it appeared the government could simply compel everyone to comply; but in practice, it was a complex problem that required a multi-dimensional solution. The government and its implementing agencies should commit to strict law enforcement, provide adequate ES facilities, undertake intensive public education on sanitation, provide adequate funding, and build the capacity of the implementing institutions to enforce compliance. There was the need to strategically combine coercive and catalytic approaches to ensure compliance with the regulations. The study contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 — access to water, sanitation, and hygiene — in Ghana.
Changes in the morphology, mechanical strength and biocompatibility of polymer and metal/polymer fabricated hydroxyapatite for orthopaedic implants: a review
Authors: Mahanty Anuradha , Shikha Deep 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a well-known bioceramic known for its high biocompatibility and good bioactivity. The structure of HAp mimics the natural bone structure and thus, it is widely used as implants for hard tissues. Despite possessing the above properties, it lacks mechanical strength, is susceptible to the growth of microbes over time and has low degradability. Polymers can be synthetic or natural. They can be a better choice to be used as additives to improve the properties of HAp due to its better mechanical strength and high biodegradability. A combination of metals and polymers together can overcome the drawbacks of HAp to a greater extent. This review article deals with different polymers and metal/polymer fabricated HAp to show the changes in the properties of HAp following the substitution. It also deals with how better they could be used as a hard tissue implant.
Boehmite-graphene oxide hybrid filled epoxy composite: synthesis, characterization, and properties
Authors: Zhang Hongda , Zhou Hong , Ge Jing , Liu Guolong , Tu Xuesong , Jin Liguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) was prepared by improved Hummer’s method, and the boehmite nanorods (AlOOH) were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Hybrid fillers were acquired of the surface-modified boehmite (mAlOOH) nanorods attached on GO nanoplatelets (mAlOOH-GO), then the hybrids were added into epoxy matrix. Both mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy resin composites were increased through the addition ofmAlOOH-GO hybrid fillers. The dispersion was promoted of GO because of introduction ofmAlOOH, and the roughness of GO surfaces were increased by appropriatemAlOOH nano-rods, which this allows for a better interfacial formation between EP and hybrid fillers. Thus, remarkable enhancement on impact and flexural strength were achieved by introduction of A3G03 (3 wt%mAlOOH and 0.3 wt% GO), and the yielded enhancements are 302.6 and 46.4%, respectively. In addition, the thermal conductivity increases to 0.264 W m−1 K−1and the thermal stability is significantly improved.
Research on the low-frequency multiline spectrum vibration control of offshore platforms
Authors: Wang Na , Du Yuan , Gong Qingtao , Liu Ning , Teng Yao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the increasing scale, complexity and diversity of supporting equipment of offshore platform, the low-frequency vibration of equipment such as dynamic positioning system and the main engine is difficult to attenuate in the propagation process of the platform structure, which causes a local resonance of platform, aggravates the fatigue damage of structure and causes discomfort to the human body. Dynamic vibration absorption is widely used in the low-frequency vibration control of offshore platforms; however, there is little research about the multiline spectrum vibration control method in the local resonance region of platforms. In the current research, we first take the stiffened plate under multipoint excitation as the research object, and the effectiveness of the optimal homology design method of dynamic vibration absorption is verified. Subsequently, the low-frequency multiline spectrum vibration control method about the local resonance region of the offshore platform is proposed. Finally, a large offshore platform is chosen as the research object and the measured load of the main engine is taken as the input to calculate the vibration response of the platform. The effect of distributed dynamic vibration absorption of the resonance area verifies the effectiveness of the vibration control method presented in the article and provides a basis for the engineering application.
Understanding mitochondria and the utility of optimization as a canonical framework for identifying and modeling mitochondrial pathways
Authors: Benaroya Haym 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of our current understanding of mitochondrial function as a framework to motivate the hypothesis that mitochondrial behavior is governed by optimization principles that are constrained by the laws of the physical and biological sciences. Then, mathematical optimization tools can generally be useful to model some of these processes under reasonable assumptions and limitations. We are specifically interested in optimizations via variational methods, which are briefly summarized. Within such an optimization framework, we suggest that the numerous mechanical instigators of cell and intracellular functioning can be modeled utilizing some of the principles of mechanics that govern engineered systems, as well as by the frequently observed feedback and feedforward mechanisms that coordinate the multitude of processes within cells. These mechanical aspects would need to be coupled to governing biochemical rules. Of course, biological systems are significantly more complex than engineered systems, and require considerably more experimentation to ascertain and characterize parameters and subsequent behavior. That complexity requires well-defined limitations and assumptions for any derived models. Optimality is being motivated as a framework to help us understand how cellular decisions are made, especially those that transition between physiological behaviors and dysfunctions along pathophysiological pathways. We elaborate on our interpretation of optimality and cellular decision making within the body of this paper, as we revisit these ideas in the numerous different contexts of mitochondrial functions.
Assessment of quality predictions achieved with machine learning using established measurement process capability procedures in manufacturing
Authors: Schorr Sebastian , Bähre Dirk , Schütze Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The increasing amount of available process data from machining and other manufacturing processes together with machine learning methods provide new possibilities for quality control and condition monitoring. A prediction of the workpiece quality in an early machining stage can be used to alter current quality control strategies and could lead to savings in terms of time, cost and resources. However, most methods are tested under controlled lab conditions and few implementations in real manufacturing processes have been reported yet. The main reason for this slow uptake of this promising technology is the need to prove the capability of a machine learning method for quality prediction before it can be applied in serial production and supplement current quality control methods. This article introduces and compares approaches from the fields of machine learning and quality management in order to assess predictions. The comparison and adaption of the two approaches is carried out for an industrial use case at Bosch Rexroth AG where the diameter and the roundness of bores are predicted with machine learning based on process data.
Comparison of different ML methods concerning prediction quality, domain adaptation and robustness
Authors: Goodarzi Payman , Schütze Andreas , Schneider Tizian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays machine learning methods and data-driven models have been used widely in different fields including computer vision, biomedicine, and condition monitoring. However, these models show performance degradation when meeting real-life situations. Domain or dataset shift or out-of-distribution (OOD) prediction is mentioned as the reason for this problem. Especially in industrial condition monitoring, it is not clear when we should be concerned about domain shift and which methods are more robust against this problem. In this paper prediction results are compared for a conventional machine learning workflow based on feature extraction, selection, and classification/regression (FESC/R) and deep neural networks on two publicly available industrial datasets. We show that it is possible to visualize the possible shift in domain using feature extraction and principal component analysis. Also, experimental competition shows that the cross-domain validated results of FESC/R are comparable to the reported state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we show that the results for simple randomly selected validation sets do not correctly represent the model performance in real-world applications.
Der geordnete Rückzug. Sprachliche Grenzziehungen von Virolog*innen in Polit-Talkshows
Authors: Lautenschläger Sina , Rhein Lisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince spring 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented an international challenge that requires expert knowledge from a wide variety of disciplines. From the very beginning, virological expertise was particularly in demand in order to advise politicians and to inform the population about the virus, its multiplication rate and its spread as well as typical symptoms of an infection. Virological expertise has been mediated through institutions that specialize in science communication and science journalism (e. g. the Science Media Center Germany in Cologne) and to a large extent through mass media. Against this backdrop, this article explores the demarcation practices of virologists in political talk shows. Our corpus consists of 25 political talk shows which were broadcast on publicly available channels in Germany between March 2020 and April 2021. The article addresses the tensions between the domains of science, politics, and media and demonstrates how virologists try to maintain and defend the borders between these domains. On the basis of interactional linguistics, we analyse the pointing practices of three virologists (Melanie Brinkmann, Alexander Kekulé and Hendrik Streeck) to identify crucial demarcation practices employed.