bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic state switches between morning and evening in association with circadian clock in people without diabetes
Authors: Fujimoto Ruriko , Ohta Ysuharu , Masuda Konosuke , Taguchi Akihiko , Akiyama Masaru , Yamamoto Kaoru , Nakabayashi Hiroko , Nagao Yuko , Matsumura Takuro , Hiroshige Syunsuke , Kajimura Yasuko , Akashi Makoto , Tanizawa Yukio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims/Introduction
Understanding morning–evening variation in metabolic state is critical for managing metabolic disorders. We aimed to characterize this variation from the viewpoints of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, including their relevance to the circadian rhythm.
Materials and Methods
A total of 14 and 10 people without diabetes were enrolled, and underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp study, respectively. Participants completed the OGTT or hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp at 08.00 hours and 20.00 hours in random order. Before each study, hair follicles were collected. In mice, phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B were examined in the liver and muscle by western blotting.
Results
Glucose tolerance was better at 08 .00 hours, which was explained by the higher 1‐h insulin secretion on OGTT and increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity on hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Hepatic insulin sensitivity, estimated by the hepatic insulin resistance index on OGTT, was better at 20.00 hours. The 1‐h insulin secretion and hepatic insulin resistance index correlated significantly with Per2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. The change (evening value – morning value) in the glucose infusion rate correlated significantly with the change in non‐esterified fatty acid, but not with clock gene expressions. The change in non‐esterified fatty acid correlated significantly with E4bp4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and the change in cortisol. In mice, phosphorylation of protein kinase B was decreased in the liver and increased in muscle in the beginning of the active period as, expected from the human study.
Conclusions
Glucose metabolism in each tissue differed between the morning and evening, partly reflecting lipid metabolism, clock genes and cortisol levels. Deeper knowledge of these associations might be useful for ameliorating metabolic disorders.
Vitamin D level in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne: A case–control study combined with prospective study following oral isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Agrawal Sudha , Lamsal Madhab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D may have an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris (AV) as it has an immunomodulatory effect and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Oral isotretinoin used in the management of moderate‐to‐severe acne binds to the retinoid receptor which can form a heterodimer with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and may decrease the level of vitamin D by increasing catabolism. Two studies published so far investigating the effect of oral isotretinoin on serum vitamin D level are contradictory to one another.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the serum vitamin D levels in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls and to determine the serum level of vitamin D in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne following 3 months of oral isotretinoin treatment.MethodsA total of 120 patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne and 90 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated with oral isotretinoin at 0.50–0.75 mg/kg/day and serum vitamin D was measured at baseline and 3 months after the treatment.ResultSerum vitamin D was insufficient and deficient in 90.50% of cases in comparison with 43.33% of controls (p = 0.001). Serum vitamin D had an inverse correlation with the severity of acne. Following 3 months of oral isotretinoin, there was no significant change in serum vitamin D level (p = 0.127).ConclusionVitamin D was low in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne in compared with control. Vitamin D level did not change with short‐term therapy with oral Isotretinoin.
Workplace violence, occupational commitment and intention among emergency room nurses: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Kiymaz Dilek , Koç Zeliha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the correlations between the violence experienced by emergency nurses in the work environment, their occupational commitment and their intention to resign.BackgroundThe emergency service, when compared with other hospital departments, is the unit where violence against healthcare workers is most common.DesignA multi‐method design was used.MethodsThe research was carried out between 15 January 2020 and 15 May 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 202 emergency service nurses. The first stage of the research was reserved for the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Perceptions of the Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS). Quantitative data were collected using the POPAS, the Three‐Component Model of Commitment Scale. A qualitative method was used to determine in‐depth the causes and effects of the violence the nurses were exposed to and what they thought and felt about the factors affecting their commitment to the occupation and their intention to resign. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were used for this paper.ResultsThe fit index values of the POPAS, which were confirmed with 15 items and four subdimensions, were determined to be acceptable and highly reliable. It was determined that 96.5% of the nurses were exposed to verbal violence. Qualitative interviews with nurses revealed that the violence they were subjected to in the working environment affected the nurses physically, psychologically, socially and caused them to consider leaving their jobs.ConclusionsThe increasing incidence of exposure to violent behaviours and verbal violence was found to decrease nurses’ emotional commitment to their occupation.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses’ working conditions and work environments should be improved and their workload should be reduced in order to maximise their level of occupational commitment and prevent them from thinking about resigning.
Algorithmic Routines and Dynamic Inertia: How Organizations Avoid Adapting to Changes in the Environment
Authors: Omidvar Omid , Safavi Mehdi , Glaser Vern L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganizations often fail to adequately respond to substantive changes in the environment, despite widespread implementation of algorithmic routines designed to enable dynamic adaptation. We develop a theory to explain this phenomenon based on an inductive, historical case study of the credit rating routine of Moody’s, an organization that failed to adapt to substantial changes in its environment leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. Our analysis of changes to the firm’s algorithmic credit rating routine reveals mechanisms whereby organizations dynamically produce inertia by taking actions that fail to produce significant change. Dynamic inertia occurs through bounded retheorization of the algorithmic model, sedimentation of assumptions about inputs to the algorithmic model, simulation of the unknown future, and specialized compartmentalization. We enable a better understanding of organizational inertia as a socio‐material phenomenon by theorizing how – despite using algorithmic routines to improve organizational agility – organizations dynamically produce inertia, with potentially serious adverse consequences.
The effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on egg quality and liver histopathology of layer quails under cadmium challenge
Authors: Rafieian‐Naeini Hamid R. , Zhandi Mahdi , Sadeghi Mostafa , Yousefi Ali R. , Marzban Havva , Benson Andrew P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe demand for quail eggs has been increased over the last decade due to its beneficial nutritional quality characteristics; however, different nutritional and environmental stressors adversely impact the quality of the produced eggs. This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could mitigate the negative impact of cadmium (Cd) administration on egg quality and liver histopathology. A total of 162 six‐week‐old laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were randomly allotted into three experimental groups. Treatments were as follows: (1) negative control (NC): feeding basal diet; (2) positive control (PC): feeding basal diet and Cd administration; and (3) CdQ10: feeding basal diet supplemented with CoQ10 (900 mg/kg diet) and Cd administration. Cadmium (10 mg/kg BW) was subcutaneously administrated at 10 and 11 weeks of age (woa). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, egg mass, mortality rate, Cd residue in egg, liver histopathology, and some internal and external egg quality indices were evaluated. Administration of Cd increased FCR in the PC group, but supplementation of CoQ10 partially ameliorated the impact of Cd on FCR (p < 0.05). Cadmium administration decreased both egg production and egg mass; however, CoQ10 supplementation partially mitigated these adverse effects of Cd injection in the CdQ10 compared to the PC group (p < 0.05). Cadmium decreased eggshell thickness and Haugh unit in PC quail compared to both NC and CdQ10 quail (p < 0.05). Moreover, egg yolk colour intensity was enhanced by CoQ10, where a* and b* indices were higher in CdQ10 compared to PC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary CoQ10 supplementation on liver histopathology and some egg quality indices of Cd‐challenged quail.
A conserved malaria parasite protein required for maintenance of sporozoite cell shape and transmission
Authors: Dessens Johannes T. , Hesping Eva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalaria parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes and a substantial part of the parasite's complex life cycle takes place inside the insect. Parasite transmission starts with the uptake of parasite stages called gametocytes from the vertebrate host with the blood meal of a female vector mosquito, completing several weeks later with the injection of parasite stages called sporozoites into the vertebrate host by mosquito bite. The sporozoites form in their thousands inside ookinete‐derived oocysts situated on the abluminal side of the mosquito midgut epithelium by a process of cell division known as sporogony. After their formation, sporozoites egress from the oocyst into the haemolymph, invade the salivary glands and mature to become infective to the vertebrate. This MicroCommentary reviews recent reports describing a conserved plasma membrane‐associated protein of Plasmodium berghei, PBANKA_1422900, and its role in maintaining the shape and structural integrity of sporozoites in salivary glands and during inoculation into the vertebrate host. Combined results from three separate studies provide mechanistic insights into how this protein achieves structural maintenance of the sporozoite, and how in turn this promotes the sporozoite's ability to overcome several physical obstacles and allow it to establish infection in the vertebrate.
Risk factors for administration of additional reversal following neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium in children: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Vishneski Susan R. , Saha Amit K. , Fram Madeline R. , Templeton Leah B. , Lee Lisa K. , Ririe Douglas G. , Goenaga‐Diaz Eduardo Javier , Smith Laura Daniela , Templeton Thomas Wesley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and risk factors for residual neuromuscular blockade in children remain poorly characterized. We hypothesize that specific patient and anesthetic risk factors may be associated with the administration of additional reversal in children following initial reversal of rocuronium with neostigmine.MethodsOur electronic health record was queried for patients <18 years of age who received rocuronium and reversal with neostigmine from 2017 through 2020. Patients receiving other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs were excluded. The outcome of interest was defined as the administration of additional neostigmine or sugammadex following primary reversal with neostigmine. Time between the last dose of rocuronium and initial dose of neostigmine, and the cumulative dose of rocuronium were dichotomized. These were combined with other covariates including age, weight, sex, racial group, procedure type, ASA physical status, >1 rocuronium dose administered during the procedure, initial neostigmine dose <0.05 mg kg−1, use of train‐of‐four monitoring, duration of anesthesia, inpatient or outpatient, emergency case, neuromuscular disease, and extremes of weight, to assess possible associations with the primary outcome.ResultsDuring the study period, 101/6373 (1.58%) patients received rocuronium and additional reversal. Dichotomization of time between last dose of rocuronium and neostigmine yielded <28 min since the last dose of rocuronium and cumulative dose of rocuronium >0.45 mg kg−1 hr−1. These were associated with the administration of additional reversal with an OR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.08–2.35) and OR 1.71 (95% CI, 1.10–2.67), respectively. Other risk factors included an initial neostigmine dose <0.05 mg kg−1, OR 4.98 (95% CI, 2.84–6.49), and African American race, OR 1.78 (95% CI, 1.07–2.87).ConclusionRisk factors associated with the administration of additional reversal included time <28 min from the last dose of rocuronium to initial dose of neostigmine, cumulative dose of rocuronium >0.45 mg kg−1 hr−1, initial neostigmine dose <0.05 mg kg−1, and African American race.
The psychologic impact of loose anagen syndrome and short anagen syndrome
Authors: Randolph Michael J. , Gwillim Eran C. , Nguyen Betty , Tosti Antonella 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoose anagen syndrome (LAS) and short anagen syndrome (SAS) are congenital hair disorders presenting with reduced hair length with or without hair thinning. We conducted a non‐validated online questionnaire of self‐identified familial participants in a Facebook support group to assess psychologic symptoms, including anxiety, depression, low self‐esteem, sadness, insecurity, worry, frustration, and body dysmorphia, in patients and their caregivers. Of 163 total respondents, negative psychologic symptoms were reported in 44.2% (38/89) of LAS patients, 48.3% (43/89) of LAS caregivers, 56.8% (42/74) of SAS patients, and 47.2% (35/74) of SAS caregivers. Our data indicate that both LAS and SAS have strong psychologic, emotional, and social impacts on affected children and their caregivers.
Effect of Enamel Pretreatment Using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation on Micro‐shear Bond Strength of a Self‐etch Fissure Sealant
Authors: Moslemi Masoumeh , Nadalizadeh Sareh , Mojahedi Masoud , Javadi Fatemeh , Iranparvar Parastoo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFissure sealant application is an efficient method for dental caries prevention. Self‐etch fissure sealants (SE‐FS) eliminate the separate etching step for bonding. The present study investigated the micro‐shear bond strength (μSBS) of a SE‐FS (Prevent seal®, Itena©, Paris, France) to enamel pretreated with different methods including Er,Cr:YSGG laser, under noncontaminated and saliva‐contaminated conditions. Sixty human premolars were sectioned into halves and randomly assigned into two groups of saliva‐contaminated and noncontaminated. Each group was further divided into six subgroups (N = 10) of different enamel pretreatment methods: (Laser+SE‐FS), (Acid‐etch+SE‐FS), (Laser+Acid‐etch+SE‐FS), (Mechanical preparation+SE‐FS), (SE‐FS), and (Acid‐etch+Bonding+Conventional fissure sealant) as positive control. The μSBS of the sealant material to enamel was measured in all subgroups. The two‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were applied at P < 0.05. Saliva contamination had a significant effect on μSBS (P < 0.001), while pretreatment with laser or acid etching did not significantly affect the μSBS (P = 0.251). The μSBS of SE‐FS to untreated enamel surface was significantly lower than the positive control (P = 0.035). The μSBS value in the subgroup receiving laser+etching+SE‐FS was significantly higher than the remaining five subgroups (P < 0.001). Other pairwise comparisons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Acid‐etch and Er,Cr:YSGG laser exert a synergic effect on μSBS of Prevent Seal®, irrespective of saliva contamination.
A major variation in the virulence of the Asian soybean rust pathogen (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Motaher , Yasmin Laboni , Rubayet Md. Tanbir , Akamatsu Hajime , Yamanaka Naoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a major threat to soybean production in Bangladesh. Understanding the yearly changes and the current status of pathogenic structures is essential for developing appropriate breeding strategies for obtaining ASR‐resistant soybean lines. Thirty‐four P. pachyrhizi samples were collected from ASR hotspot areas (Chandpur, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Barisal and Bhola districts) of Bangladesh in 2018 and 2019 and evaluated for pathogenicity on 12 soybean differential lines. The tested samples showed similar and dissimilar pathogenicity patterns on the differentials, yielding 21 distinct pathotypes. The cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and principal component analysis of the disease phenotypes of 47 samples collected in 2016, 2018 and 2019 indicated a higher pathogenic diversity and virulence variation in the P. pachyrhizi samples of 2018 and 2019 compared to that of 2016. The pathogenicity profiles of the Bangladeshi P. pachyrhizi samples appeared distinct from those of Argentinian and Brazilian samples, but showed slight similarities with Japanese, Mexican and Paraguayan samples. Furthermore, none of the resistance genes for P. pachyrhizi (Rpp genes) was solely effective against all the tested samples from 2018 and 2019, while samples (BdRP‐48, BdRP‐56 and BdRP‐58) virulent to all Rpp1–Rpp6 genes were detected. The Rpp‐pyramided line No6–12–1, carrying Rpp2, Rpp4 and Rpp5, was capable of conferring robust resistance to these virulent samples. Altogether, these results indicate an increase in the virulence of the current ASR pathogen in Bangladesh, which can be resolved by pyramiding different resistance genes in soybean cultivars.
Subsequent risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, and small for gestational age: A cross‐outcome analysis of adverse birth outcomes
Authors: Bane Shalmali , Simard Julia F. , Wall‐Wieler Elizabeth , Butwick Alexander J. , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundStillbirth, preterm birth, and small for gestational age (SGA) birth have an increased recurrence risk. The occurrence of one of these biologically related outcomes could also increase the risk for another one of these outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy.ObjectivesWe assessed cross‐outcome risks for subsequent stillbirth, preterm birth, and SGA.MethodsWe used live birth and fetal death records to identify singleton, sequential birth pairs in California (1997–2017). Stillbirth was defined as delivery at ≥20 weeks of gestation of a foetus that died in utero; preterm birth as live birth at 20–36 weeks; and small for gestational age as sex‐specific birthweight <10th percentile for gestational age. Risk ratios (RR) were computed using modified Poisson regression and adjusted for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses included analysing a cohort restricted to primiparous index births and using inverse‐probability censoring weights.ResultsOf 3,108,532 birth pairs, 16,668 (0.5%), 260,596 (8.4%) and 331,109 (10.7%) of index births were stillborn, preterm and SGA, respectively. Among individuals with an index stillbirth, the adjusted RRs were 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83, 1.98) for subsequent preterm and 1.35 (95% CI 1.28, 1.41) for subsequent SGA. Among those with index preterm birth, the adjusted RRs were 2.02 (95% CI 1.92, 2.13) for stillbirth and 1.42 (95% CI 1.41, 1.44) for SGA. Among those with index SGA, the adjusted RRs were 1.54 (95% CI 1.46, 1.63) for stillbirth and 1.45 (95% CI 1.44, 1.47) for preterm birth. Similar results were reported for sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIndividuals experiencing stillbirth, preterm birth, or SGA in one pregnancy had an increased risk of one of these biologically related outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy. These findings could encourage enhanced surveillance for individuals who experience stillbirth, preterm birth, or SGA and desire a subsequent pregnancy.
Exploring the role of the left DLPFC in fatigue during unresisted rhythmic movements
Authors: Vila‐Villar Aranza , Naya‐Fernández Mariña , Madrid Antonio , Madinabeitia‐Mancebo Elena , Robles‐García Verónica , Cudeiro Javier , Arias Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding central fatigue during motor activities is important in neuroscience and different medical fields. The central mechanisms of motor fatigue are known in depth for isometric muscle contractions; however, current knowledge about rhythmic movements and central fatigue is rather scarce. In this study, we explored the role of an executive area (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]) in fatigue development during rhythmic movement execution, finger tapping (FT) at the maximal rate, and fatigue after effects on the stability of rhythmic patterns. Participants (n = 19) performed six sets of unresisted FT (with a 3 min rest in‐between). Each set included four interleaved 30 s repetitions of self‐selected (two repetitions) and maximal rate FT (two repetitions) without rest in‐between. Left DLPFC involvement in the task was perturbed by transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) in two sessions (one real and one sham). Moreover, half of the self‐selected FT repetitions were performed concurrently with a demanding cognitive task, the Stroop test. Compared with sham stimulation, real tSMS stimulation prevented waning in tapping frequency at the maximal rate without affecting perceived levels of fatigue. Participants' engagement in the Stroop test just prior to maximal FT reduced the movement amplitude during this mode of execution. Movement variability at self‐selected rates increased during Stroop execution, especially under fatigue previously induced by maximal FT. Our results indicate cognitive‐motor interactions and a prominent role of the prefrontal cortex in fatigue and the motor control of simple repetitive movement patterns. We suggest the need to approach motor fatigue including cognitive perspectives.