bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield trade‐off and the role of parental selection based on seed size when breeding for soybean seed protein
Authors: Saenz Ezequiel , Borrás Lucas , Panelo Juan S. , Poeta Florencia B. , Rotundo José L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlternative physiological strategies can increase protein concentration in soybean: (i) more‐than‐proportional increases in seed protein content (mg seed−1) relative to increases in carbohydrate and oil content in large‐seeded genotypes or (ii) more‐than‐proportional reductions in carbohydrate and/or oil content relative to protein content reductions in small‐seeded genotypes. Because these strategies differentially affect crop growth and development, we hypothesized that populations developed from high‐protein (HP) parents with contrasting seed sizes will present differences in how seed yield and protein concentration correlate. To test this, three breeding strategies were developed by mating high‐yielding cultivars and HP ones that differ in seed sizes, reflecting the alternative strategies mentioned above. Neither tested crossing strategies showed differences in their correlation values between seed yield and protein concentration, as initially expected. Nevertheless, populations developed from crossing a HP‐small‐seeded parent to a HP‐large‐seeded one showed the highest number of transgressive segregants for protein yield. Our results showed that parent selection based on seed size has no beneficial effects on the development of high‐yielding, HP soybean populations, but it might affect the number of transgressive segregants for protein yield.
The burden of atopic dermatitis and bacterial skin infections among urban‐living Indigenous children and young people in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Ricciardo Bernadette M. , Kessaris Heather‐Lynn , Kumarasinghe Prasad , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Bowen Asha C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundA high burden of bacterial skin infections (BSI) is well documented in remote‐living Indigenous children and young people (CYP) in high‐income countries (HIC). Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin condition seen in CYP and predisposes to BSI. Despite the rate of urbanization for Indigenous people increasing globally, research is lacking on the burden of AD and BSI for urban‐living Indigenous CYP in HIC. Indigenous people in HIC share a history of colonization, displacement and subsequent ongoing negative impacts on health.ObjectiveTo provide a global background on the burden of AD and BSI in urban‐living Indigenous CYP in HIC.MethodsA systematic review of primary observational studies on AD and BSI in English containing epidemiologic data was performed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles between January 1990 and December 2021.ResultsFrom 2278 original manuscripts, 16 were included: seven manuscripts documenting eight studies on AD; and nine manuscripts documenting nine studies on BSI. Current and severe symptoms of AD were more common in urban‐living Indigenous CYP in HIC compared with their non‐Indigenous peers, with children having a higher prevalence than adolescents. Urban‐living Indigenous CYP in HIC had a higher incidence of all measures of BSI compared with their non‐Indigenous peers, and were over‐represented for all measures of BSI compared with their proportion of the background population. Limitations include incomplete representation of all Indigenous populations in HIC.ConclusionA significant burden of AD and BSI exists in urban‐living Indigenous CYP in HIC.
Semiotics in the head: Thinking about and thinking through symbols
Authors: Munroe Wade 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur conscious thought, at least at times, seems suffused with language. We may experience thinking as if we were “talking in our head”, thus using inner speech to verbalize, e.g., our premises, lemmas, and conclusions. I take inner speech to be part of a larger phenomenon I call inner semiotics, where inner semiotics involves the subjective experience of expressions in a semiotic (or symbol) system absent the overt articulation of the expressions. In this paper, I argue that inner semiotics allows us to bootstrap our way into entertaining thoughts about exact numbers and quantities that we couldn't prior to our competence with a numeric code. I establish that our arithmetic thoughts literally occur as (internal ‘articulations’ of) expressions in a numeric code. However, a problem arises for my view: just as we can slip in overt speech, producing an utterance that deviates from what we mean to say, there is very good evidence that we can slip in inner speech as well. If our arithmetic thought occurs in a numeric code, it's far from clear how we determine when a covert utterance constitutes a slip. In closing, I provide an account of what makes an inner speech utterance a slip.
Increasing the risk that someone will die without increasing the risk that you will kill them
Authors: Byrne Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractI consider cases where you increase the risk that, e.g., someone will die, without increasing the risk that you will kill them: in particular, cases in which that increasing of risk is accompanied by a decreasing of risk of the same degree such that the risk imposition has been offset. I defend the moral legitimacy of such offsetting, including carbon‐offsetting.
Managing concurrency in cyclical projects under stochastic task environments: Vaccine development projects during pandemics
Authors: Murthy Nagesh N. , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Rikhtehgar Berenji Hossein 
Published: November 2022

Aggressive overlapping of stochastic activities during phases of vaccine development has been critical to making effective vaccines for COVID‐19 available to the public, at “pandemic” speed. In cyclical projects wherein activities can be overlapped, downstream tasks may need rework on account of having commenced prior to receiving requisite information that is only available upon completion of upstream task(s). We provide a framework to understand the interplay between stochastic overlap duration and rework due to overlap, and its impact on minimizing expected completion time for a cyclical project. We motivate the problem using the new paradigm for planning vaccine development projects. It best exemplifies features and scenarios in our model that were not considered and are also not apparent in the examples for cyclical development projects in the literature focused on engineered and manufactured products. We find that planning overlapping in scenarios that may be deemed ineffective with an assumption of deterministic tasks, can actually be beneficial when analyzed using stochastic task duration. We determine optimal planned start times for stochastic tasks as a function of a parameter that proxies for the extent of net gain/loss from overlap to minimize expected completion time for the project. We show that in situations with a net gain from overlap it is optimal to start the downstream task concurrently unless the downstream task does not stochastically dominate the upstream task and the net gain from overlap is not low enough. However, in situations with a net loss from overlap it is always optimal to have some degree of overlap in a stochastic task environment. We find that project rescheduling flexibility is always beneficial in a scenario with net loss from overlap and only beneficial in a scenario with net gain from overlap when the downstream task does not stochastically dominate the upstream task and the net gain from overlap is high enough. Our results on overlapping in 1‐to‐1, 1‐to‐ n, and n‐to‐1 stochastic task configurations guide the development of an effective heuristic. Our heuristic offers good solution quality and is scalable to large networks as its computational complexity is linear in the number of tasks.
Gnomoniopsis castaneae: An emerging plant pathogen and global threat to chestnut systems
Authors: Dobry Emily , Campbell Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGnomoniopsis castaneae is an important, destructive pathogen of Castanea species, initially identified as the primary agent of nut rot in Europe and Oceania. Although a decade of research has focused almost exclusively on its association with and activity in chestnuts, it has been identified as a mild pathogen or endophyte in multiple other hardwood species, whose roles as potential reservoirs and hosts have remained unexplored. Although the origin of the disease is unknown, it is thought to be a ubiquitous endophyte that has potentially shifted to pathogenic activity as a result of global climate change. Yet there is evidence of the expansion of the range of the pathogen as it continues to be identified in new regions, suggesting some degree of introduction is occurring. Its recent discovery in the United States brings a new urgency to the need to understand the full range and epidemiology of G. castaneae and to examine potential methods of detection and mitigation.
Functional loss and worsening geriatric assessment parameters are more common in dementia with Lewy bodies than Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Soysal Pinar , Koc Okudur Saadet , Uslu Ferda , Smith Lee 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe main aim of this study was to compare older patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to those with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) according to their dependency in daily living activities and comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters.MethodA total of 227 AD and 123 DLB patients underwent a geriatric assessment that included comorbidities, number of drugs used, falls, urinary incontinence, hand grip strength, Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Basic and instrumental activities of daily living were assessed by the Barthel Index and the Lawton scale, respectively.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 83.4 years, and 73% were female. There were no statistically significant differences between AD and DLB patients in age, gender, cognitive function, or comorbidities except for coronary artery disease (P < 0.05). The number of falls, drugs used, and ISI and Epworth scores were higher in patients with DLB than patients with AD (P < 0.05). DLB patients had lower MNA, Tinetti scale, and hand grip strength scores than AD patients. The ratio of patients highly dependent in basic daily activities as a whole was significantly greater in DLB than in AD (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the overall levels of dependency in instrumental activities.ConclusionDLB patients are more dependent on their caregivers than AD patients. Nutritional deterioration, sleep disorders, falls, balance and gait problems, decreased muscle strength, and multiple drug use are more common in those with DLB compared to those with AD. The management of older patients with DLB may be more difficult than older patients with AD.
The effects of ritual and self‐control resources depletion on deceptive behavior: Evidence from behavioral and ERPs studies
Authors: Fan Wei , Huang Zijun , Jian Zengdan , Zhong Yiping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough researchers have indicated that individuals with depleted self‐control resources have lower self‐control behavior and exhibit more deceptive behaviors, recent psychological studies have shown that ritual can improve self‐control and increase the likelihood that the individual makes prosocial decisions. However, little is known about whether ritual can regulate an individual's engagement in deceptive behavior when their self‐control resources are depleted. This study adopted the spot‐the‐difference task to investigate the influences of ritual and self‐control resources depletion on simple self‐control behavior and deceptive behavior (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2); furthermore, relevant neural processes were explored using event‐related potentials (Experiment 3). Experiment 1 showed that individuals with depleted self‐control resources had lower self‐control behavior and individuals performing a ritual had higher self‐control behavior. Experiment 2 showed that individuals with depleted self‐control resources exhibited more deceptive behaviors and individuals performing a ritual exhibited fewer deceptive behaviors; furthermore, ritual reduced deceptive behaviors in individuals with depleted self‐control resources. Experiment 3 found that individuals with depleted self‐control resources had larger P2 amplitudes after performing a ritual. Moreover, individuals with depleted self‐control resources had larger LPP amplitudes over parietal sites after performing a ritual. These findings suggested that performing ritual may be an effective measure of inhibiting individuals with depleted self‐control resources from engaging in deceptive behavior. Our findings verify the ego‐depletion model and provide a new perspective for reducing deceptive behaviors in individuals with depleted self‐control resources. We provide evidence that rituals could modulate deceptive behaviors in individuals with depleted self‐control resources. This reveals that performing rituals may be an effective measure for inhibiting individuals with depleted self‐control resources from engaging in deceptive behavior.
Development of auditory change‐detection and attentional capture, and their relation to inhibitory control
Authors: Morales Santiago , Bowers Maureen E. , Leach Stephanie C. , Buzzell George A. , McSweeney Marco , Yoder Lydia , Fifer William , Elliott Amy J. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEEG methods offer a promising approach to study the development of attention or attention‐related processes such as change‐detection and attentional capture. However, the development of these attention processes from early to middle childhood is not well understood. In the current study, we utilized a passive three‐stimulus oddball paradigm to examine age‐related changes in auditory change‐detection and attentional capture in a large sample of children across childhood (N = 475; 249 female, 226 male; Mage = 6.71; SDage = 2.22; Rangeage = 4.01–11.5 years). Conventional ERP analyses revealed no age‐related changes in change detection (mismatch negativity) and attentional capture (P3a) components, but we observed age‐related reductions in late automatic processing of auditory change (late discriminative negativity). However, when utilizing time‐frequency analyses, we observed developmental increases in frontocentral signal strength (power) and consistency (inter‐trial phase synchrony) in delta and theta bands in response to novel sounds. Such frontocentral delta/theta responses have been linked in prior work to cognitive control. To further examine this possibility, we examined relations with inhibitory control. Results revealed that increased consistency in theta in response to novel sounds was related to improved inhibitory control. Together, our results advance our understanding of the development of attention in childhood. Moreover, they demonstrate the contributions of time‐frequency approaches to studying neurocognitive development. Finally, our results highlight the utility of neuroimaging paradigms that have low cognitive and motor demands to study the development of psychological processes.
Expectile Regression for Multi-Category Outcomes with Application to Small Area Estimation of Labour Force Participation
Authors: Dawber James , Salvati Nicola , Fabrizi Enrico , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn many applications of small area estimation, dichotomous or categorical outcomes are the targets of statistical inference. For example, in the analysis of labour markets, proportions of working-age people in the various labour market statuses are of interest. In this paper, in line with the recent literature, we consider a classification with more than three statuses and estimate related population parameters for 611 local labour market areas using data from the 2012 Italian Labour Force Survey, administrative registers and the 2011 Census. As for the methodology, we propose multinomial expectile regression models. These models provide a means to utilise M-quantile type approaches, which have been shown to be a useful alternative to mixed model approaches when parametric assumptions on the distribution of random effects cannot be met. Via a large-scale simulation study, we show how this novel approach is much faster and provides reliable results when compared to multinomial mixed model approaches, and works for any number of categories rather than just a small number of categories as is more commonly the case with existing methods. Furthermore, the proposed approach potentially provides a framework for developing other methods for prediction with multi-category outcomes.
Linking Surveys and Digital Trace Data: Insights From two Studies on Determinants of Data Sharing Behaviour
Authors: Silber Henning , Breuer Johannes , Beuthner Christoph , Gummer Tobias , Keusch Florian , Siegers Pascal , Stier Sebastian , Weiß Bernd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCombining surveys and digital trace data can enhance the analytic potential of both data types. We present two studies that examine factors influencing data sharing behaviour of survey respondents for different types of digital trace data: Facebook, Twitter, Spotify and health app data. Across those data types, we compared the relative impact of four factors on data sharing: data sharing method, respondent characteristics, sample composition and incentives. The results show that data sharing rates differ substantially across data types. Two particularly important factors predicting data sharing behaviour are the incentive size and data sharing method, which are both directly related to task difficulty and respondent burden. In sum, the paper reveals systematic variation in the willingness to share additional data which need to be considered in research designs linking surveys and digital traces.
Hepatitis C virus screening reactive among blood donors in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Qiaoling , Liu Anqing , Wang Shaoli , Li Jian , He Miao , Chen Limin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to estimate the anti‐HCV reactive rate and to define the demographic characteristics of blood donors who have potential threats to blood safety in mainland China for nearly 30 years, in order to provide a safe reference for blood transfusion and corresponding guidance for policymakers to increase blood safety.Materials and MethodsLiterature reporting the anti‐HCV screening reactive rate in Chinese blood donors was identified by systematic searching of four electronic databases from 1991 to 2017. The Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were strictly followed, and data manipulation and statistical analysis were performed by Stata 15.0.ResultsOur results showed that the post‐donation anti‐HCV reactive rate was 0.53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51%–0.55%) with a significant variation from 1.58% (95% CI, 1.13%–2.03%) before 1998 to 0.51% (95% CI, 0.48%–0.53%) after 1998 when the Blood Donation Law was implemented in China. In addition, anti‐HCV screening reactive rate for family or replacement donors was significantly higher than that in individual voluntary blood donors.ConclusionOur results indicated that blood centres in China should convert more eligible first‐time donors into repeat donors and turn the ‘real family or replacement donors’ into individual voluntary blood donors to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted HCV. In the meantime, large surveys should be carried out among volunteer donors from high‐risk populations.
Management of blood transfusion services in low‐resource countries
Authors: Patidar Gopal K. , Thachil Jecko , Dhiman Yashaswi , Oreh Adaeze , Vrielink Hans , van den Berg Karin , Grubovic Rastvorceva Rada M. , So‐Osman Cynthia , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. ,   the ISBT Convalescent Plasma Working Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEnabling universal access to safe blood components should be a key component of every country's national healthcare strategy. This study aimed to assess the current status of infrastructure and resources of blood transfusion services (BTS) in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was designed to gather information on blood donations, components, redistribution, testing resources and quality management systems (QMSs). The survey was distributed to the International Society of Blood Transfusion members between October 2021 and November 2021.ResultsA total of 54 respondents from 20 countries responded to the survey. This included hospital‐based BTS/blood centres (46%), national blood centres (11%)and national and regional blood services (11%). Voluntary non‐remunerated, replacement and paid donors accounted for 94.2%, 84.6% and 21.1% of donations, respectively. Apheresis donation was available in 59.6% of institutions. National/regional criteria for redistribution of blood components were reported by 75.9% of respondents. Blood components incurred payment charges in 81.5% of respondents' institutions, and payments were borne by patients in 50% of them. Testing methods, such as manual (83%), semi‐automated (68%) or fully automated (36.2%), were used either alone or in combination. QMSs were reported in 17 institutions, while accreditation and haemovigilance were reported in 12 and 8 countries, respectively.ConclusionQMS was implemented in most of the countries despite the common use of paid donations and the lack of advanced testing. Efforts to overcome persistent challenges and wider implementation of patient blood management programmes are required.
Stiffness and Strain Properties Derived From Digital Tomosynthesis-Based Digital Volume Correlation Predict Vertebral Strength Independently From Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Yeni Yener N. , Oravec Daniel , Drost Joshua , Zauel Roger , Flynn Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fractures, but their prediction using standard bone mineral density (BMD) measurements from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is limited in accuracy. Stiffness, displacement, and strain distribution properties derived from digital tomosynthesis-based digital volume correlation (DTS-DVC) have been suggested as clinically measurable metrics of vertebral bone quality. However, the extent to which these properties correlate to vertebral strength is unknown. To establish this relationship, two independent experiments, one examining isolated T11 and the other examining L3 vertebrae within the L2–L4 segments from cadaveric donors were utilized. Following DXA and DTS imaging, the specimens were uniaxially compressed to fracture. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area were recorded for the anteroposterior and lateromedial views from DXA, stiffness, endplate to endplate displacement and distribution statistics of intravertebral strains were calculated from DTS-DVC and vertebral strength was measured from mechanical tests. Regression models were used to examine the relationships of strength with the other variables. Correlations of BMD with vertebral strength varied between experimental groups (R2adj = 0.19–0.78). DTS-DVC derived properties contributed to vertebral strength independently from BMD measures (increasing R2adj to 0.64–0.95). DTS-DVC derived stiffness was the best single predictor (R2adj = 0.66, p &lt; 0.0001) and added the most to BMD in models of vertebral strength for pooled T11 and L3 specimens (R2adj = 0.95, p &lt; 0.0001). These findings provide biomechanical relevance to DTS-DVC calculated properties of vertebral bone and encourage further efforts in the development of the DTS-DVC approach as a clinical tool.