bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of The Literature and Practices of Islamic Economics and Finance in Europe
Authors: ATAR Abdulkadir , ŞAHİN Halil 
Published: April 2022

The importance of studies on Islamic economics and finance in Europe has increased from the middle of the 20th century to the present. It is aimed to show the studies and practices in the field of Islamic economics and finance, as well as their development processes in Europe in this essay. The countries that included in our work about Islamic economics and finance in Europe are as follows, UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, Lithuania, Italy and Switzerland.
It was examined in detail in which research centers study on this field were carried out by touching on where and how Islamic economics and finance first emerged in Europe in this study. Also, the articles, theses, and books, published by experts working on the development of Islamic economics and finance in Europe, are included. In particular, recommendations are given deductively from historical trends, sources, information and methodological possibilities in the development of modern Islamic economics and finance. This study reveals that important researches and studies have been carried out in the fields of Islamic economics and finance in Europe in terms of both theory and practice. Also, it is observed that there are many experts and academicians who leading the studies in the field of Islamic economics and finance, and that financial centers in Europe have taken important steps towards globalization.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA PERAWAT DALAM PELAKASANAAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI PUSKESMAS KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Mustikaningsih Dewi 
Published: April 2022

Upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja Perawat dalam pelaksanaan Perawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat (PERKESMAS) dalam rangka mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis beban kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sumber beban kerja subyektif menggunakan metode NASA TLX dan beban kerja obyektif menggunakan metode time and motion study. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan desain cross sectional pada pengukuran beban kerja subjektif dan time series untuk mengukur beban kerja objektif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah perawat sebanyak 68 responden dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beban kerja subyektif dalam kategori sedang dengan nilai bobot tertinggi pada dimensi tingkat usaha (Effort) sebesar 24%, tuntutan waktu (temporal demand) dan performansi (performance) masing-masing sebesar 20%, sedangkan nilai bobot terendah adalah dimensi frustasi (frustation) sebesar 7%. Pada beban kerja obyektif rata-rata penggunaan waktu produktif perawat sebanyak 80,4 % temasuk dalam kategori tinggi, dengan proporsi penggunaan waktu produktif sebesar 77,2%, waktu non produkif sebesar 8% dan waktu non fungsional sebesar 14,7%. Diharapkan melalui pemerataan pegawai, peningkatan kapasitas melalui pelatihan serta pemberian reward dan punisment dapat meningkatkan kinerja perawat di Puskesmas Kota Bandung.

Kata kunci : Beban Kerja, Perkesmas, Perawat
Clinical Significance of the Expression of Co-Stimulatory Molecule B7-H3 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Bohui , Huang Zehao , Zhu Xinyi , Cai Huizhu , Huang Yingcheng , Zhang Xiwei , Zhang Zongmin , Lu Haizhen , An Changming , Niu Lijuan , Li Zhengjiang 
Published: April 2022

Background: B7-H3, also known as CD276, an important immune checkpoint member of the B7-CD28 family, is confirmed as a promising target after PD-L1 in clinical trials. Although the overexpression of B7-H3 has been associated with invasive metastatic potential and poor prognosis in multiple types of cancer, nothing is known regarding the expression profiles of B7-H3 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we carried out a large-scale analysis of B7-H3 expression in PTC patients and evaluated the potential clinical significance of B7-H3.Methods: In total, data from 1,210 samples, including 867 cases from TCGA and four GEO datasets, were collected for B7-H3–related transcriptome analyses, and 343 postoperative, whole-tumor sections were collected from patients with PTC at our institute for B7-H3–specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The statistical analysis was primarily accomplished using the R project for statistical computing.Results: B7-H3 positivity was found in 84.8% of PTC patients (291/343), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of B7-H3 in PTC were markedly higher than those of para-tumor tissues (p &lt; 0.001), demonstrating that B7-H3 can serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PTC. The significant upregulation of B7-H3 in PTC is caused by distinct patterns of CNVs and CpG DNA methylation. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed that high B7-H3 expression was significantly associated with specific immune features and angiogenesis. High B7-H3 protein expression was associated with tumor size (p = 0.022), extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (p = 0.003), and lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p &lt; 0.001). More importantly, multivariate analysis confirmed that B7-H3 was an independent predictor of relapse-free survival (RFS) (p &lt; 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, positive B7-H3 staining was associated with worse RFS in patients with primary tumor size ≥2 cm (p &lt; 0.05), age ≥55 years (p &lt; 0.05), LNM (p = 0.07), multifocality (p &lt; 0.05), and ETE (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, Circos plots indicated that B7-H3 was significantly associated with other immune checkpoints in the B7-CD28 family.Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study to elucidate the expression profile of B7-H3 in PTC. Our observations revealed that B7-H3 is a novel independent biomarker for predicting LNM and disease recurrence for PTC patients, and it thus may serve as an indicator that could be used to improve risk-adapted therapeutic strategies and a novel target for immunotherapy strategies for patients who undergo an aggressive disease course.
Optimization of Automatic Synthesis and Separation of [18F] AV-45 and Quality Control
Authors: Zhang Qi-Zhou , Li Yu-Bin , Yilihamu Nazi , Li Xiao-Hong , Ba Ya , Qin Yong-De 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Based on the Tracerlab FXF-N platform, a synthesis program and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification program edited by us can stably and repeatedly produce [18F] AV-45 without changing the process. The [18F] AV-45 produced meets the main indexes of radiopharmaceutical intravenous preparations.Methods: The O-toluene sulfonated precursor (1 mg) was subjected to nucleophilic radiofluorination at 115°C in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then the protective group was hydrolyzed by acid. The neutralized reaction mixture was purified through a preparative HPLC then formulated for injection using a C18 purification cartridge. This method yielded a relatively pure [18F] AV-45 product with high specific activity.Results: Four consecutive radiochemical synthesis operations were carried out in this experiment; the average production time of [18F] AV-45 preparation was 60 min, the radiochemical yield was 14.8 ± 2.1% (n = 4), the radiochemical purity was greater than 95%, and the other important quality control indexes met the requirements of radioactive drugs for intravenous administration.Conclusion: This experiment was based on the Tracerlab FXF-N platform with the synthesis program and preparative HPLC purification program edited by us. Through screening and optimization of the separation and purification system and the separation and analysis system, as well as automatic radiochemical synthesis and preparation quality control, intravenous [18F] AV-45 was successfully prepared.
Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Feces
Authors: Wu Wenrui , Shi Ding , Zhu Xueling , Xie Jiaojiao , Xu Xinyi , Chen Yanfei , Wu Jingjing , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and poses a great threat to epidemic control and prevention. The possibility of fecal-oral transmission has attracted increasing concern. However, viral shedding in feces has not been completely investigated.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed 97 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, from January 19 to February 17, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples of sputum, nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage and feces was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Clinical characteristics and parameters were compared between groups to determine whether fecal RNA was positive.ResultsThirty-four (35.1%) of the patients showed detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces, and 63 (64.9%) had negative detection results. The median time of viral shedding in feces was approximately 25 days, with the maximum time reaching 33 days. Prolonged fecal-shedding patients showed longer hospital stays. Those patients for whom fecal viral positivity persisted longer than 3 weeks also had lower plasma B-cell counts than those patients in the non-prolonged group [70.5 (47.3-121.5) per μL vs. 186.5 (129.3-376.0) per μL, P = 0.023]. Correlation analysis found that the duration of fecal shedding was positively related to the duration of respiratory viral shedding (R = 0.70, P &lt; 0.001) and negatively related to peripheral B-cell counts (R = -0.44, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsCOVID-19 patients who shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces presented similar clinical characteristics and outcomes as those who did not shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces. The prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in feces was highly correlated with the prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract and with lower plasma B-cell counts.
Sex Difference Trend in 5-Year Mortality Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A 24,432 Chinese Cohort Study From 2007 to 2014
Authors: Huang Haozhang , Lai Wenguang , Li Qiang , Wei Haiyan , Remutula Nuerbahaer , Tuersun Tilakezi , Yang Zhou , Bao Kunming , Yan Zelin , Wang Bo , He Yibo , Chen Shiqun , Ou Chun-Quan , Yang Heyin , Chen Jiyan , Liu Jin , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe sex difference trend of short-term mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) is narrowing, which has been reported in the previous studies. However, no studies assess the sex difference temporal trends of CAD mortality in China especially long-term mortality trend.MethodsBased on the registry at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital which is the largest cardiovascular center in South China, this retrospective cohort study included 24,432 hospitalized patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography from January 2007 to December 2014. Women and men were followed for 1-year and 5-year all-cause mortality.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2014, 5-year age-standardized mortality increased from 10.0 to 11.7% in men (p for trend &lt; 0.001) and from 11.5 to 8.1% in women (p for trend = 0.99). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI), which compare women with men, were from 1.02 (0.39–2.67) to 0.66 (0.39–1.12) for 1-year all-cause mortality and 1.23 (0.64–2.36) to 0.59 (0.44–0.79) for 5-year all-cause mortality (p for trend = 0.04).ConclusionOur study found that the mortality risk among men and women was similar in the 1-year prognosis of CAD, and there was no significant downward trend. In the 5-year long-term prognosis of CAD, the mortality risk among men continued to rise, while women had reached the peak, which means that the mortality risk continues to be higher among men than women.
Factors Defining the Association Between Vitamin D and Testosterone in Males With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism
Authors: Hu Xin , Han Xue , Chen Yu , Xiang Pingping , Wei Xiao , Gong Tong , He Zhiwei , Su Yafeng , Chen Guofang , Liu Chao 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in diabetic men with and without hypogonadism and figured out the potential factors influencing the connection between vitamin D and testosterone.MethodsA total of 367 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated, including 254 men with normal gonadal function (Group 1) and 113 men with hypogonadism (Group 2). Men with hypogonadism were classified as either hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Group 2a) or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Group 2b). Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all cases. Morning total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), prolactin (PRL), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid function, parathyroid and adrenal hormones, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (Fins) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were also assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in men with T2DM was up to 96.46%. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in men with hypogonadism than those with eugonadism (16.65 ± 6.44 ng/mL vs. 18.17 ± 6.17 ng/mL, P=0.033). The lowest 25(OH)D level was observed in Group 2a (16.22 ± 6.52 ng/mL). After adjustment for the selected factors, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were shown to be positively correlated with TT concentrations (r=0.137, P=0.032). The relationship between 25(OH)D and testosterone was altered by age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, and HbA1c. Serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with serum TT level in men with age &lt;60 years (r=0.180, P=0.003), or with duration≥5 years (r=0.186, P=0.013), or with body mass index (BMI)≥28kg/m2 (r=0.431, P=0.000), or with HbA1c≥9% (r=0.145, P=0.031).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that type 2 diabetes patients with hypogonadism have lower 25(OH)D levels than those without hypogonadism. There seems to be a positive association between the serum 25(OH)D and TT levels, which affected by age, duration, BMI, and HbA1c
A Preliminary Study on Infrared Thermograph of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Gao Meng-jiao , Xue Hui-zhong , Cai Rui , Jiang Bi-yao , Mi Bao-hong , Chen Zong-jun , Shi Yin-chun , Xiao Yong-hua , Zhang Wen-zheng 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the temperature distribution characteristics of the face, palms, feet and the trunk area of metabolic syndrome (MS) through infrared thermography (IRT) and provide evidence for the application of IRT in the assistant evaluation of MS population.MethodsWe collected thermographs of 184 participants (91 males, 93 females) and further divided participants of each gender into 4 groups according to the number of abnormal metabolic indexes. Mean temperatures of 6 Region of Interests (ROIs) (face, anterior trunk, bilateral palms and dorsum of feet) were calculated. Comparisons of the mean temperatures between genders, among groups and ROIs were carried out.ResultsMale participants had higher mean temperature in their face, palms (P&lt;0.01) and dorsum of feet (P&lt;0.05), and lower mean temperature in the anterior trunk (P&lt;0.01). Female participants with MS had higher mean temperature in their palms and dorsum of feet (P&lt;0.01) and lower mean temperature in the anterior trunk (P&lt;0.01) than normal participants. Similar tendencies were shown in the mean temperature of the left palms and trunk of MS males. With the increase of the number of abnormal metabolic indexes, it seems that the mean temperature gradually increased in palms and dorsum of feet, and decreased in the anterior trunk.ConclusionThe thermograph of MS exhibits certain characteristics. This may help reveal the correlations between Infrared thermography and metabolic disorders.
Stratified Saline Flume Experiments on the Entrainment Process of the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer With Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Li A. , Lin W. , Gao W. , Liu T. , Xia Y. 
Published: April 2022

A stratified saline flume experimental apparatus was set up in this study to experimentally simulate the entrainment process of the atmospheric convective boundary layer with vertical wind shear, of which the entrainment characteristics are quite different from those of the shear-free convective boundary layer. Entrainment occurs at the interface of the flume inlet until the velocity difference between the upper and lower layers reaches 0.04 m/s, and a thin stable entrainment zone is formed at a 12zi distance from the flow inlet, where zi is the height of the entrainment zone. Shear in the entrainment zone induces the counter-gradient momentum transport process, and a series of large-scale vortices with a characteristic length of about (1.0–1.5)zi fills this region. The data analysis shows that the velocity difference and buoyancy flux of the bottom plume promote the occurrence of entrainment, while the density difference between the upper and lower layers inhibits it. The contribution of the shear effect to the entrainment process was introduced into the characteristic velocity scale, and a new scaling relation between the dimensionless thickness of the entrainment zone and the corrected Richardson number was obtained as Δz/zi = 1.17RiNC−1/2 from the experimental results, which agrees well with the available radar data and the numerical simulation data.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of pH-dependent Dissolution of Sparingly Soluble Alkaline Earth Hydroxides in Source-Separated Human Urine Collected in Decentralised Sanitation Systems
Authors: Simha Prithvi , Deb Chinmoy Kanti , Randall Dyllon G. , Vinnerås Björn 
Published: April 2022

Alkaline earth hydroxides are widely used in water and wastewater treatment. Within the emerging niche of source-separating sanitation, these chemicals have found a new application—to prevent urease-catalysed degradation of urea present in freshly excreted human urine. However, little is known about the dissolution behaviour of these hydroxides in biological fluids like human urine. Herein, we investigate the solubility of Mg(OH)2 and examine factors that govern its dissolution in different types of urine (real fresh urine, synthetic fresh urine, synthetic dephosphatised fresh urine and real fresh urine concentrated by CO2-free drying). We report experimentally determined as well as thermodynamically simulated data on Mg(OH)2 solubility, dissolution kinetics, and chemical speciation in urine. We find that it takes between 6 and 16 min for Mg(OH)2 to dissolve and the average solubility in real fresh urine at 25°C to be 650 mg L−1. We show that solubility is influenced mainly by concentration of organic compounds, soluble phosphate, and magnesium excreted in fresh urine. When fresh urine is supersaturated with Mg(OH)2, the pH increases to &gt;10.5 and urease-catalysed degradation of urea is inhibited for &gt;14 days. Removing 95% water present in urine increases the solubility of Mg(OH)2 to 16,240 mg L−1 but reduces pH to &lt; 10. Because relative increase in Mg(OH)2 solubility decreases as more water is removed and the solubility is retrograde with respect to temperature, to increase the urine pH to &gt;10 and prevent enzymatic ureolysis, the temperature must be kept &lt; 29°C at 75% water removal and &lt; 22°C at 95% water removal. We find this dissolution behaviour of Mg(OH)2 in concentrated urine solutions to be unlike other alkaline earth hydroxides. These findings have significant implications for the design of new sanitation systems that separately collect and recycle plant-essential nutrients present in human urine.
Change of Left Ventricular Myocardial Contractility in Speckle Tracking Echocardiography After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Predicts Survival
Authors: Jansen Christian , Nordmann Pia , Cremonese Carla , Praktiknjo Michael , Chang Johannes , Lehmann Jennifer , Thomas Daniel , Nickenig Georg , Weber Marcel , Stöhr Elisabeth , Öztürk Can , Zachoval Christian , Hammerstingl Christoph , Strassburg Christian P. , Meyer Carsten , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) has been shown to better reflect the left cardiac contractility in cirrhosis than other investigations and might bear prognostic value. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of myocardial contractility assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and its prognostic value in outcome.MethodsIn this study, 206 (126 males) patients with liver cirrhosis receiving TIPS were included. In all study patients, conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed before and in the first weeks after TIPS placement to assess left and right ventricular volume, planar and functional parameters. Also, LV-GLS was measured by STE to assess left ventricular contractility as surrogate for myocardial dysfunction. Hemodynamic and clinical parameters were assessed before TIPS and during follow-up.ResultsAs expected, most conventional parameters of TTE showed a significant change after TIPS placement. However, neither the absolute values, nor the changes of conventional cardiac parameters of TTE before and after TIPS insertion were associated with survival. By contrast, an increase in contractility of more than 20% using STE after TIPS was an independent predictor of mortality.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that an increase of left ventricular contractility of more than 20% after TIPS insertion is an independent predictor of survival and this may identify patients at risk and in need of closer follow-up care.
Endoscopists' Acceptance on the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Development and Case Analysis of a Scale
Authors: Tian Li , Zhang Zinan , Long Yu , Tang Anliu , Deng Minzi , Long Xiuyan , Fang Ning , Yu Xiaoyu , Ruan Xixian , Qiu Jianing , Wang Xiaoyan , Deng Haijun 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a standardized endoscopist acceptance scale for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in gastrointestinal endoscopy.MethodsAfter investigating endoscopists who have previously used AI and consulting with AI experts, we developed a provisional scale to measure the acceptance of AI as used in gastrointestinal endoscopy that was then distributed to a sample of endoscopists who have used AI. After analyzing the feedback data collected on the provisional scale, we developed a new formal scale with four factors. Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), content validity, and related validity were conducted to test the reliability and validity of the formal scale. We also constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in order to determine the scale's ability to distinguish higher acceptance and satisfaction.ResultsA total of 210 valid formal scale data points were collected. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.904. All the factor loadings were &gt;0.50, of which the highest factor loading was 0.86 and the lowest was 0.54 (AVE = 0.580, CR = 0.953). The correlation coefficient between the total score of the scale and the satisfaction score was 0.876, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.949 ± 0.031. Endoscopists with a score higher than 50 tend to be accepting and satisfied with AI.ConclusionThis study yielded a viable questionnaire to measure the acceptance among endoscopists of the implementation of AI in gastroenterology.