bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Arterial Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Pediatric Stroke in Etiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Prognosis
Authors: Pangprasertkul Sipang , Borisoot Wattawan , Buawangpong Nida , Sirikul Wachiranun , Wiwattanadittakul Natrujee , Katanyuwong Kamornwan , Sanguansermsri Chinnuwat 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundStroke is relatively rare in children but has a significant impact on long-term morbidity and mortality. There are limited data regarding the etiology, clinical manifestation, and prognosis of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in children.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identify and compare etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and prognostic outcomes between arterial ischemic and hemorrhagic pediatric stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all hospital medical records and pediatric neurology database of 83 children who were first diagnosed with AIS and HS at the Pediatric Department, Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. All children were from 1 month to 18 years old.ResultsFifty-one AIS (56%) and 32 (35.2%) HS were identified. The median age of onset was 6.9 years for AIS and 5.3 years for HS. Moyamoya disease/syndrome was the most common cause in AIS (21.6%). Rupture of cerebral arteriovenous malformation was the most common cause in HS (21.9%). More than one-third (39%) of children had multiple risk factors associated with stroke. Iron deficiency anemia was commonly found in children with AIS (39.2%). The majority of clinical presentations were hemiparesis (80.4%) for AIS and alteration of consciousness (68.8%) for HS. The median time to diagnosis exceeded 6 hours in both AIS and HS. The overall mortality rate of acute stroke was 5.1 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9–9). The mortality rate was higher in HS compared with that in AIS with statistical significance (16.6; 95% CI, 8.9–30.8 vs 1.1%; 95% CI, 0.3–4.6 per 100 person-years). Thirty children (36.1%) developed epilepsy during the follow-up (median duration, 26 months). Recurrent stroke occurred in 1 child with AIS and 1 child with HS.ConclusionsMoyamoya disease/syndrome and arteriovenous malformation rapture are the most common cause of AIS and HS, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was commonly found in childhood AIS. The time to diagnosis in both AIS and HS was delayed. The mortality rate in HS was higher than in AIS. Neurological deficits are seen in 70% of childhood AIS during the follow-up. One-third of the children in our study developed epilepsy, which generally responds to a single antiseizure medication. The recurrence rate of childhood stroke was low compared with adult stroke.
Describing the Patient Population of a Pediatric Emergency Department Based on Visit Frequency
Authors: Hall Jeanine E. , Pham Phung K. , Liberman Danica B. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
A small number of children in the United States use a disproportionate share of emergency healthcare services. Our study objective was to examine characteristics associated with frequent pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization.

Methods
A retrospective cohort-sequential study of patients seen in the PED of an urban children's hospital was conducted. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: infrequent users (<4 visits during index year 2017) and frequent users (≥4 visits in 2017). Frequent PED users were further divided into persistent frequent (≥4 visits in the year before and after 2017) and incidental frequent (≥4 visits in 2017). Patient- and visit-level characteristics were analyzed for associations with PED utilization.

Results
In 2017, there were 82,361 visits by 56,767 patients to our PED. Frequent users comprised 4% of the total patient volume but accounted for 13% of visits. Compared with infrequent users, frequent users were younger, more likely publicly insured, and English speaking. Frequent user visits were more likely to occur outside clinic hours, be triaged as emergent, and involve subspecialists. Compared with visits by incidental frequent users, visits by persistent frequent users were more likely to be emergent or urgent, and involve subspecialists, diagnostic imaging, laboratory testing, and medication administration.

Conclusions
Although the percentage of frequent users to a PED in 2017 was low, they made up a disproportionate share of total visits. Differences between persistent and incidental frequent PED users suggest that these subgroups may benefit from tailored interventions to reduce frequent PED utilization.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia—Are We There Yet?
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , Fathi Amir T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapses remain high, and long-term survival is poor, emphasizing the need for better treatment options. Development of targeted antibody-based immunotherapeutic agents has been an area of growing research in AML. Target antigens of interest include CD33, CD123, CD47, CD70, FLT3, and CLL-1 because of their high expression on AML blasts and leukemic stem cells. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a CD33-directed antibody-drug conjugate, is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved monoclonal antibody (mAb) in AML providing evidence for the potential future role of mAb-based therapies in AML. This article provides an overview of the progress made in targeted immunotherapy in AML, particularly focusing on unconjugated and conjugated mAbs.
Preoperative Depression Status and 5 Year Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in the PCORnet Bariatric Study Cohort
Authors: Coughlin Janelle W. , Nauman Elizabeth , Wellman Robert , Coley R. Yates , McTigue Kathleen M. , Coleman Karen J. , Jones Daniel B. , Lewis Kristina H. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Wee Christina C. , Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Desai Jay R. , Murali Sameer , Morrow Ellen H. , Rogers Ann M. , Wood G. Craig , Schlundt David G. , Apovian Caroline M. , Duke Meredith C. , McClay James C. , Soans Rohit , Nemr Rabih , Williams Neely , Courcoulas Anita , Holmes John H. , Anau Jane , Toh Sengwee , Sturtevant Jessica L. , Horgan Casie E. , Cook Andrea J. , Arterburn David E. ,   for the PCORnet Bariatric Study Collaborative
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To examine whether depression status before metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) influenced 5–year weight loss, diabetes, and safety/utilization outcomes in the PCORnet Bariatric Study.

Summary of Background Data:
Research on the impact of depression on MBS outcomes is inconsistent with few large, long–term studies.

Methods:
Data were extracted from 23 health systems on 36,871 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG; n=16,158) or gastric bypass (RYGB; n=20,713) from 2005–2015. Patients with and without a depression diagnosis in the year before MBS were evaluated for % total weight loss (%TWL), diabetes outcomes, and postsurgical safety/utilization (reoperations, revisions, endoscopy, hospitalizations, mortality) at 1, 3, and 5 years after MBS.

Results:
27.1% of SG and 33.0% of RYGB patients had preoperative depression, and they had more medical and psychiatric comorbidities than those without depression. At 5 years of follow-up, those with depression, versus those without depression, had slightly less %TWL after RYGB, but not after SG (between group difference = 0.42%TWL, P = 0.04). However, patients with depression had slightly larger HbA1c improvements after RYGB but not after SG (between group difference = – 0.19, P = 0.04). Baseline depression did not moderate diabetes remission or relapse, reoperations, revision, or mortality across operations; however, baseline depression did moderate the risk of endoscopy and repeat hospitalization across RYGB versus SG.

Conclusions:
Patients with depression undergoing RYGB and SG had similar weight loss, diabetes, and safety/utilization outcomes to those without depression. The effects of depression were clinically small compared to the choice of operation.
Factors Influencing Quality of Life Among Older Persons Living With Osteoarthritis Using 3 Different Definitions
Authors: Mat Sumaiyah , Ng Chin Teck , Fadzli Farhana , Rozalli Faizatul Izza , Morgan Karen , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: January 2022

Aim:
While the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) on the older person's quality of life (QoL) has been established, the associations are complicated by numerous potential mediators and variations in diagnostic criteria. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between OA and QoL and the influence of physical performance, symptoms severity, and psychological factors on this potential relationship using 3 different methods of identification of OA.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study used data from the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial study. Radiological OA (ROA), clinical OA (COA), or self-reported physician-diagnosed OA (SOA) was determined using established criteria. Quality of life was measured with the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire.

Results:
Of 370 participants (219 fallers, 151 nonfallers), mean (SD) age = 73.71 (6.57) years, COA (odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.38 [0.64-2.94]) and SOA (1.84 [1.19-2.84]) were associated with CASP-19 of 47 and less but not ROA. The association between SOA and CASP-19 of 47 and less was attenuated by physical performance while COA was no longer associated with CASP-19 of 47 and less after adjustment for psychological status.

Conclusion:
Our findings hold important clues to unraveling factors that influence QoL in older adults with OA and will inform future intervention studies aimed at reducing the burden of OA among older adults.
The 2-Minute Step Test
Authors: Mollinedo-Cardalda Irimia , Cancela-Carral José María 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The 2-minute step test (2MST) evaluates aerobic endurance in patients with Parkinson's disease and can act as a dual test that also evaluates balance. The aim of this study was to observe how the 2MST behaves in the different Hoehn & Yahr stages of patients with Parkinson's disease and ascertain whether this test can be used to assess the degree of balance presented by patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods:
A total of 91 people with Parkinson's disease were studied using the 2MST, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, and 6-minute walk test.

Results:
The Pearson correlation was performed between the 2-MST and the other 2 tests (8-Foot Up-and-Go and 6-minute walk test). A significant correlation was observed for the 2MST and the 8-Foot-Up-and-Go, which increased as the disease stage advanced, but the 6-minute walk test showed a significant correlation for Hoehn & Yahr stages I and II.

Conclusion:
We suggest that the 2MST assess both aerobic endurance and dynamic balance in patients with Parkinson's disease with Hoehn & Yahr stages I and II but that it be used to assess balance in stages III and IV.
Comparison of Grip Strength, Gait Speed, and Quality of Life Among Obese, Overweight, and Nonobese Older Adults
Authors: Park Kyue-nam , Kim Si-hyun 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Obesity is related to a high risk of chronic diseases and increased rate of morbidity. This study was performed to compare grip strength, gait speed, and quality of life among obese, overweight, and nonobese older adult women.

Methods:
The study population consisted of 62 older adult women older than 65 years. The subjects were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; n = 25), overweight (BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2; n = 13), or nonobese (BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2; n = 24). Grip strength and gait speed were measured, and quality of life was determined according to the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc analysis was used to analyze the differences in grip strength, gait speed, and SF-36 score among the 3 groups.

Results:
There were significant differences in grip strength (F = 8.053, P = .001) and gait speed (F = 4.850, P  = .011), but not in the physical (F = 2.194, P  = .121) and mental (F = 1.247, P  = .295) composite of the SF-36, among the 3 groups. The obese group showed significantly lower grip strength and slow gait speed compared with the overweight and nonobese groups.

Conclusions:
Obesity in older women has a negative impact on grip strength and gait speed. Grip strength and gait speed reflect health status in older adults, and the findings presented here suggest that grip strength and gait speed should be considered for obesity management in older women.
The Short-Term Effect of Myofascial Relaxation by Roller Massage on Ankle Joint Range of Motion in Older Adults
Authors: Kasli Kutay , Devrim Sahin Ceren , Ilcin Nursen 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
The flexibility of the fascia is reduced with aging, due to degenerative changes in the connective tissue. The aim of this study is to compare the acute effects of roller massager application on the ankle joint range of motion in healthy older adults.

Methods:
Fifty-two community-dwelling older adults who could walk without using ancillary equipment were divided into 2 groups of equal numbers with a table of random numbers. The first group was warmed for 5 minutes, followed by 3 sets of 60-second ankle plantar flexors, while the second group after warmed for 5 minutes was rested for the same period. Active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was recorded before, after application, 10 minutes and 20 minutes after application, with the mobile goniometer.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects participating in the study was 71.23 ± 4.70 years and the mean body mass index was 30.52 ± 4.43 kg/m2. Before application, there was a statistically significant difference in dorsiflexion angles of the groups (P = .013). In the control group, the first measurement and between measurements had no statistically difference (P = .301) and the angle of dorsiflexion increased statistically significant when the initial and subsequent measurements of the roller massager group were compared (P = .000). Significant differences were noted in the roller massage group when compared with baseline (P = .000), 10 minutes (P = .000), and 20 minutes (P = .006).

Discussion:
In this study, in older adults, the roller massager is effective acutely and this effect is maintained for up to 20 minutes. It has been shown that older adults can be included in physiotherapy programs to increase joint motion. New researches are needed for long-term results.
ABLE: Automated Brain Lines Extraction Based on Laplacian Surface Collapse
Authors: Fernández-Pena Alberto , de Blas Daniel Martín , Navas-Sánchez Francisco J. , Marcos-Vidal Luis , Gordaliza Pedro M. , Santonja Javier , Janssen Joost , Carmona Susanna , Desco Manuel , Alemán-Gómez Yasser 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe archetypical folded shape of the human cortex has been a long-standing topic for neuroscientific research. Nevertheless, the accurate neuroanatomical segmentation of sulci remains a challenge. Part of the problem is the uncertainty of where a sulcus transitions into a gyrus and vice versa. This problem can be avoided by focusing on sulcal fundi and gyral crowns which represent the topological opposites of cortical folding. We present Automated Brain Lines Extraction (ABLE), a method based on Laplacian surface collapse to segment sulcal fundi and gyral crown lines reliably. ABLE is built to work on standard FreeSurfer outputs, and eludes the delineation of anastomotic sulci while maintaining sulcal fundi lines that traverse the regions with the highest depth and curvature. First, it segments the cortex into gyral and sulcal surfaces; then, each surface is spatially filtered. A Laplacian-collapse-based algorithm is then applied to obtain a thinned representation of the surfaces. This surface is then used for careful detection of the endpoints of the lines. Finally, sulcal fundi and gyral crown lines are obtained by eroding the surfaces while preserving the connectivity between the endpoints. The method is validated by comparing ABLE with three other sulcal extraction methods using the Human Connectome Project (HCP) test-retest database to assess the reproducibility of the different tools. The results confirm ABLE as a reliable method to obtain sulcal lines with an accurate representation of the sulcal topology while ignoring anastomotic branches and the overestimation of the sulcal fundi lines. ABLE is publicly available via https://github.com/HGGM-LIM/ABLE.
Expansion and Adaptive Evolution of the mTERF Gene Family in Plants
Authors: Zhao Yanxin , Cai Manjun , Luo Meijie , Zhang Jianhua , Li Yurong , Zhang Xiaobo , Yue Bing , Xiao Hailin , Zhao Jiuran , Zheng Yonglian , Qiu Fazhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) genes are encoded in the nucleus and bind to nucleic acids to regulate the replication, transcription and translation of mitochondrial genomes. Plants possess a large family of mTERF genes that play important roles in regulating organellar gene expression and stress response. However, their origin and expansion in land plants has not been examined. Here, we conducted a comprehensive molecular evolution analysis of 611 mTERF genes identified in 18 plant species, including algae, moss, fern, gymnosperm and flowering plants. Higher plants have more mTERF genes compared to lower plants, forming a huge higher plant-specific clade (M-class mTERF genes). M-class mTERF genes occur in clusters, suggesting that tandem duplication contributed to their expansion. Compared to other mTERF genes, M-class mTERF genes have undergone rapid evolution, and several significant positively selected sites were located in nucleic acid-binding sites. The strong correlation between the number of M-class mTERF genes and corresponding mitochondrial genome variation suggests that the rapid evolution of M-class mTERF genes might account for the changes in the complex machinery for expression regulation of plant mitochondrial genomes, providing molecular evidence for the host-parasite interaction hypothesis between the nucleus and mitochondria.
Arousal and locomotion differently modulate activity of somatostatin neurons across cortex
Authors: Khoury Christine F. , Fala Noelle G. , Runyan Caroline A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArousal powerfully influences cortical activity, in part by modulating local inhibitory circuits. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (SOM) are particularly well-situated to shape local population activity in response to shifts in arousal, yet the relationship between arousal state and SOM activity has not been characterized outside of sensory cortex. To determine whether SOM activity is similarly modulated by behavioral state across different levels of the cortical processing hierarchy, we compared the behavioral modulation of SOM neurons in auditory cortex (AC), a primary sensory region, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), an association-level region of cortex. Behavioral state modulated activity differently in AC and PPC. In PPC, transitions to high arousal were accompanied by large increases in activity across the full PPC neural population, especially in SOM neurons. In AC, arousal transitions led to more subtle changes in overall activity, as individual SOM and Non-SOM neurons could be either positively or negatively modulated during transitions to high arousal states. The coding of sensory information in population activity was enhanced during periods of high arousal in AC, but not PPC. Our findings suggest unique relationships between activity in local circuits and arousal across cortex, which may be tailored to the roles of specific cortical regions in sensory processing or the control of behavior.Significance statementThe effects of arousal on brain networks are profound, but vary across regions. Somatostatin neurons may carry out some of the effects of arousal on local network activity in sensory cortex, by modulating response gain and decorrelating population activity. However, SOM neurons have not been well studied outside of sensory cortex, and so it is unknown whether SOM neurons are similarly affected by shifts in brain state throughout the cortex. Here, we have revealed specialization in the relationship between arousal and activity in SOM neurons that could contribute to the diversity of arousal-related impacts on local computation across cortical regions.
A bivalent EBV vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies that block B and epithelial cell infection and confer immunity in humanized mice
Authors: Wei Chih-Jen , Bu Wei , Nguyen Laura A. , Batchelor Joseph D. , Kim JungHyun , Pittaluga Stefania , Fuller James R. , Nguyen Hanh , Chou Te-Hui , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Nabel Gary J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTEpstein Barr virus (EBV) is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several human cancers. Despite its prevalence and major impact on human health, there are currently no specific vaccines or treatments. Four viral glycoproteins, gp 350 and gH/gL/gp42 mediate entry into the major sites of viral replication, B cells and epithelial cells. Here, we designed a nanoparticle vaccine displaying these proteins and show that it elicits potent neutralizing antibodies that protect against infectionin vivo. Based on structural analyses, we designed single chain gH/gL and gH/gL/gp42 proteins that were each fused to bacterial ferritin to form a self-assembling nanoparticles. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that single chain gH/gL and gH/gL/gp42 adopted a similar conformation to the wild type proteins, and the protein spikes were observed by electron microscopy. Single chain gH/gL or gH/gL/gp42 nanoparticle vaccines were constructed to ensure product homogeneity needed for clinical development. These vaccines elicited neutralizing antibodies in mice, ferrets, and non-human primates that inhibited EBV entry into both B cells and epithelial cells. When mixed with a previously reported gp350 nanoparticle vaccine, gp350D123, no immune competition was observed. To confirm its efficacy in vivo, humanized mice were challenged with EBV after passive transfer of IgG from mice vaccinated with control, gH/gL/gp42+gp350D123or gH/gL+gp350D123nanoparticles. While all control animals (6/6) were infected, only one mouse in each vaccine group that received immune IgG had transient low level viremia (1/6). Furthermore, no EBV lymphomas were detected in immune animals in contrast to non-immune controls. This bivalent EBV nanoparticle vaccine represents a promising candidate to prevent EBV infection and EBV-related malignancies in humans.One sentence summaryA bivalent gp350 and gH/gL/gp42 nanoparticle vaccine elicits neutralizing antibodies that protect against EBV infection and EBV lymphomain vivo.