bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the performance of the use of ethanol-butanol-diesel mixtures in a compression ignition industrial engine
Authors: Pereira Roberto Guimarães , Rangel Ithamar Ribeiro 
Published: June 2022

Several ethanol-butanol-diesel mixtures were used in an industrial compression ignition engine (MWM 229/3). The butanol is used like a co-solvent because the low solubility of ethanol in the diesel. The volume proportions of butanol, ethanol and diesel for each fuel tested were, respectively: 3.0%, 3.9% and 93.1%; 2.8%, 5.8% and 91.4%; 1.3%, 7.9% and 90.8%; 2.8%, 7.8% and 89.4%; 3.7%, 8.8% and 87.5%; 5.4%, 9.6% and 85.0%; 7.7%, 12.9% and 79.4%; 8.4%, 12.8% and 78.8%. The results obtained in a dynamometric test bench for brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are presented. The mixture with 5.4 % of butanol, 9.6% of ethanol and 85% of diesel showed the higher medium value of brake thermal efficiency at full and 40% load in the range from 1200 to 2000rpm. Physicochemical characterization of diesel and the mixture that has the higher medium value of the brake thermal efficient was done.
NUEVAS TIPOLOGÍAS DE ALOJAMIENTOS TURÍSTICOS EN LAS CIUDADES PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA
Authors: Aparicio Guerrero Ana Eulalia , Serrano Gil Óscar 
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is to quantify, typify and locate tourist rental accommodation in the World Heritage Sites of Castilla-La Mancha. The methodology used has focused on the search of bibliography; the analysis and interpretation of data obtained from statistical and documentary sources; territorial analysis; fieldwork; and the use of the local press. The results obtained confirm the starting hypothesis that the offer of flats and dwellings for tourist use in the cities analysed has grown exponentially over the last decade.
El objetivo de este artículo es cuantificar, tipificar y localizar los alojamientos turísticos de alquiler en los recintos declarados Patrimonio Mundial de Castilla-La Mancha. La metodología utilizada se ha centrado en la consulta de bibliografía; el análisis e interpretación de los datos obtenidos de fuentes estadísticas y documentales; el análisis territorial; el trabajo de campo; y la utilización de la prensa local. Los resultados obtenidos permiten corroborar la hipótesis de partida, constatando que la oferta de los apartamentos y viviendas de uso turístico en las ciudades analizadas ha crecido de forma exponencial en la última década.
Vinylidene Complexes
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Ishii Youichi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The parent vinylidene CCH
2
and its substituted analogs CCRR′ are highly unstable isomers of the corresponding alkyne, HCCH and RCCR′, respectively. However, vinylidene complexes, which can be denoted as MCCRR′ in the mononuclear case, are often more stable than η
2
‐alkyne complexes, and in fact, the most common preparation method for vinylidene complexes is the direct reaction of alkynes (terminal alkynes in most cases) with coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes, although the relative stability of vinylidene and η
2
‐alkyne complexes depends on the nature of the metal center. The vinylidene ligand may be viewed as an α,β‐unsaturated type of carbene, and the MCCRR′ backbone may also be regarded as a metallaallene. The vinylidene ligand often exhibits a π‐acidic nature, and its character somewhat resembles Fischer‐type carbenes. As a result, vinylidene complexes are widely seen with middle to late transition metals, most typically groups 6, 7, 8, and 9 metals in relatively low oxidation state (typically 0 to III). Owing to its versatile reactivities, vinylidene complexes work as intermediates in many catalytic and stoichiometric conversions of alkynes. Surface vinylidene species are also considered to take part in heterogeneous catalysis such as Fischer–Tropsch reaction, and multinuclear vinylidene complexes are expected to serve as molecular models for such surface species. This article summarizes bonding and structure, physicochemical properties, synthesis, and reactivities including catalytic applications of vinylidene complexes.
Applications of Germylenes in Catalysis
Authors: Gour Kritika , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the development of the synthesis of compounds with heavier group 14 elements, their applications in catalysis was the next logical target. The past few years have witnessed tremendous headway in the field of catalysis by compounds with heavier group 14 elements, which can be seen from the exponential number of recent publications in high‐impact journals. In this article, recent developments in the utilization of well‐defined germylenes in catalysis will be presented, which has been the starting point for rich and exciting chemistry, with the prospect of numerous remarkable contributions from synthetic, theoretical, and materials chemistry. Emphasis has been given in elucidating the mechanism of the germylene‐catalyzed reactions.
Biallelic loss of EMC10 leads to mild to severe intellectual disability
Authors: Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Rocca Clarissa , Suri Mohnish , Gulieva Sughra , Zaki Maha S. , Henig Noa Z. , Siquier Karine , Guliyeva Ulviyya , Mounir Samir M. , Marom Daphna , Allahverdiyeva Aynur , Megahed Hisham , van Bokhoven Hans , Cantagrel Vincent , Rad Aboulfazl , Pourkeramti Alemeh , Dehghani Boshra , Shao Diane D. , Markus‐Bustani Keren , Sofrin‐Drucker Efrat , Orenstein Naama , Salayev Kamran , Arrigoni Filippo , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 10 (EMC10) is a highly conserved protein responsible for the post‐translational insertion of tail‐anchored membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in a defined topology. Two biallelic variants in EMC10 have previously been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Utilizing exome sequencing and international data sharing we have identified 10 affected individuals from six independent families with five new biallelic loss‐of‐function and one previously reported recurrent EMC10 variants. This report expands the molecular and clinical spectrum of EMC10 deficiency, provides a comprehensive dysmorphological assessment and highlights an overlap between the clinical features of EMC10‐and EMC1‐related disease.
Dissecting the limited genetic overlap of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stolp Andersen Maren , Tan Manuela , Holtman Inge R. , Hardy John ,   International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Pihlstrøm Lasse 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease show overlapping features both clinically and neuropathologically and elucidating shared mechanisms could have important implications for therapeutic strategies. Evidence for genetic overlap is limited, although enrichment of heritability in genomic regions relevant to microglia has been demonstrated in both disorders. Using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies, we assessed genetic covariance stratified by cell types and local genetic correlation between Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Significant covariance was observed for neurons only (p = 0.00046), and local genetic correlation was significant only in the human leukocyte antigen region (p = 1.0e‐05). Our findings support a minor genetic overlap between these two disorders.
Recent Progress in Smart Polymeric Gel‐Based Information Storage for Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Sun Yu , Le Xiaoxia , Zhou Shiyu , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInformation security protection has a tremendous impact on human life, social stability and national security, leading to the rapid development of anti‐counterfeiting materials and related techniques. However, the traditional stored information on hard or dry media is often static and lacks functions, which makes it challenging to deal with increasing and powerful counterfeiting technologies. Modified intelligent polymeric gels exhibit color changes and shape morphing under external stimuli, which give them great potential for applications in information storage. This paper provides an overview of the latest progress in polymeric gel‐based information storage materials in relation to counterfeiting. Following a brief introduction of anti‐counterfeiting materials, the preparation methods for intelligent gels with adjustable colors (e.g., chemical colors and physical colors) and various encryption/decryption modes involving dimensions and diverse colors are outlined. Finally, the challenges and prospects for information storage and anti‐counterfeiting based on smart gels are discussed.
Synergistic Cr2O3@Ag Heterostructure Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Fu Huai Qin , Liu Junxian , Bedford Nicholas M. , Wang Yun , Sun Ji Wei , Zou Yu , Dong Mengyang , Wright Joshua , Diao Hui , Liu Porun , Yang Hua Gui , Zhao Huijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic CO2RR to produce value‐added chemicals and fuels has been recognized as a promising means to reduce the reliance on fossil resources; it is, however, hindered due to the lack of high‐performance electrocatalysts. The effectiveness of sculpturing metal/metal oxides (MMO) heterostructures to enhance electrocatalytic performance toward CO2RR has been well documented, nonetheless, the precise synergistic mechanism of MMO remains elusive. Herein, an in operando electrochemically synthesized Cr2O3–Ag heterostructure electrocatalyst (Cr2O3@Ag) is reported for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. The obtained Cr2O3@Ag can readily achieve a superb FECO of 99.6% at −0.8 V (vs RHE) with a high JCO of 19.0 mA cm−2. These studies also confirm that the operando synthesized Cr2O3@Ag possesses high operational stability. Notably, operando Raman spectroscopy studies reveal that the markedly enhanced performance is attributable to the synergistic Cr2O3–Ag heterostructure induced stabilization of CO2•−/*COOH intermediates. DFT calculations unveil that the metallic‐Ag‐catalyzed CO2 reduction to CO requires a 1.45 eV energy input to proceed, which is 0.93 eV higher than that of the MMO‐structured Cr2O3@Ag. The exemplified approaches in this work would be adoptable for design and development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for other important reactions.
Composition‐Dependent Enzyme Mimicking Activity and Radiosensitizing Effect of Bimetallic Clusters to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hua Yue , Huang Jia‐Hong , Shao Zi‐Hui , Luo Xi‐Ming , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Liu Jun‐Qi , Zhao Xueli , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlloying is an efficient chemistry to tailor the properties of metal clusters. As a class of promising radiosensitizers, most previously reported metal clusters exhibit unitary function and cannot overcome radioresistance of hypoxic tumors. Here, atomically precise alloy clusters Pt2M4 (M = Au, Ag, Cu) are synthesized with bright luminescence and adequate biocompatibility, and their composition‐dependent enzyme mimicking activity and radiosensitizing effect is explored. Specifically, only the Pt2Au4 cluster displays catalase‐like activity, while the others do not have clusterzyme properties, and its radiosensitizing effect is the highest among all the alloy clusters tested. By taking advantage of the sustainable production of O2 via the decomposition of endogenous H2O2, the Pt2Au4 cluster modulates tumor hypoxia as well as increases the efficacy of radiotherapy. This work thus advances the cluster alloying strategy to produce multifunctional therapeutic agents for improving hypoxic tumor therapy.
Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine treatment alleviates cold stress in early japonica rice at booting in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Yang Shanwei , He Dengmei , Yi Yuzhuo , Fu Yongming , Yin Dawei , Zhao Haihong , Xiao Changliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) plants are most sensitive to chilling injury at booting, where cold affects a substantial decline in the seed‐setting rate (SSR). 6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA) alleviates cold stress in seedlings; however, little is known about the effects of 6‐BA on alleviating cold stress at booting. Plants of early japonica rice cultivars Kenjiandao6 (K6) and Kongyu131 (K131) were sprayed with 6‐BA at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 500 mg L−1 at booting and were then subjected to cold water stress (16 °C) for 5 d. The optimal 6‐BA concentration was found to be 20 mg L−1. 6‐Benzyladenine treatment improved the peroxidase (POD) activity in two cultivars and superoxide dismutase activity in K6, delayed chlorophyll degradation, maintained the K, P, and N contents in the two cultivars and the soluble protein content in K6, and suppressed the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) under cold stress. 6‐Benzyladenine increased the N and P contents and POD activity to greater degree in K6 than in K131. 6‐Benzyladenine increased yield in K131, mainly by improving the SSR in the distal and middle parts of the panicle, and the number of filled grains (NFG) from the middle and basal parts of the panicle. However, 6‐BA increased yield in K6 mainly by improving the SSR and the NFG per panicle. Exogenous 6‐BA is effective for maintaining rice physiology and yield under cold stress at booting. The less cold‐tolerant cultivar K6 was more sensitive to the effects of 6‐BA and displayed better results than did the more cold‐tolerant cultivar K131.
Corn grain yield forecasting by satellite remote sensing and machine‐learning models
Authors: Pinto Antonio Alves , Zerbato Cristiano , Rolim Glauco de Souza , Barbosa Júnior Marcelo Rodrigues , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da , Oliveira Romário Porto de 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of six machine‐learning models in forecasting corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield before harvest using, as input, variables in the models, some of the most‐used vegetation indices (VIs) and spectral bands in the literature, as well as using data at 770 and 980 sum of degree days (SDD). The field study was carried out in a commercial area in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 harvests. Spectral data were obtained from Sentinel‐2 satellite images and were used as input variables in the proposed models: artificial neural networks (ANN), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The maximum R2 and minimum values of mean absolute error (MAE) and RMSE were 0.89, 0.33, and 0.42 t ha−1, respectively, for the RF algorithm using all input variables. The results obtained in the present study show that it is possible to predict corn grain yield 80 d before harvest using only VIs for the crop. Testing the various combinations of spectral bands and VIs resulted in obtaining the GREEN band and the VI global environment monitoring index (GEMI) as the best predictor variables in the present study. The use of more than one SDD did not improve the performance of the models tested. The models developed using data at 980 SDD obtained the best precision and accuracy performance both in the scenario with all model input variables and with the two best predictors. The KNN algorithm obtained the best performance in the precision and accuracy metrics for most of the scenarios studied in the present work.
Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure in elderly patients (2021)
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Cuntai ,   Cardiovascular Group, Geriatrics Branch, Chinese Medical Association,   Editing Group of the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure in Elderly Patients
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by ventricular insufficiency, which results in decreased activity tolerance and repeated hospitalization, seriously affecting quality of life, and it is the main cause of death in elderly people. In recent years, great progress has been made in the treatment of heart failure, but the prevalence, mortality, and readmission rate among elderly patients with heart failure remain high. Because elderly patients have multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, coexistence of multiple diseases accompanied by multiple syndromes, multiple medications, and natural decline of body functions, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and long‐term management of these patients differ from those in other populations. To facilitate clinical practice and application of clinical geriatric medicine, especially among community physicians, experts from the Cardiovascular Group, Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association have drafted this consensus to summarize the diagnosis and treatment regimens for elderly patients with chronic heart failure and provide guidance for its clinical diagnosis and treatment in China.
Pain and fatigue in adults with Loeys–Dietz syndrome and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, a questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Heidi Johansen , Gry Velvin , Lidal Ingeborg B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose was to study self‐reported chronic pain and fatigue symptoms among adults with molecularly verified Loeys–Dietz and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design. Seventy adults were invited through a National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders. A study specific questionnaire including Brief Pain Inventory, Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale, Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, questions on physical activity, and disease burden was used. Fifty‐two persons participated, n = 34 with Loeys–Dietz and n = 18 with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, aged 18–68 years, 58% women. Chronic pain (79%) and fatigue (58%) symptoms were common. Half developed pain during childhood/adolescence. Sleep problems and high multi‐organ burden were significantly associated with chronic pain (p = 0.004, p = 0.014) and high fatigue (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Chronic pain was associated with higher scores of fatigue (p = 0.002). Higher scores of fatigue were associated with lower level of physical activity (p = 0.014), higher cardiovascular burden (p = 0.025), and higher symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.001). In this study, symptoms of chronic pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and disease burden seemed to mutually reinforce each other. Initiatives should consider interventions aimed at postponing the onset and reducing symptoms of pain, fatigue, and sleep problems and thus reduce the total disease burden at an early stage in patients with these complex conditions.
Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using a Metal–Organic Cage Built from Macrocycles
Authors: He Donglin , Zhang Linda , Liu Tao , Clowes Rob , Little Marc A. , Liu Ming , Hirscher Michael , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPorous materials that contain ultrafine pore apertures can separate hydrogen isotopes via kinetic quantum sieving (KQS). However, it is challenging to design materials with suitably narrow pores for KQS that also show good adsorption capacities and operate at practical temperatures. Here, we investigate a metal–organic cage (MOC) assembled from organic macrocycles and ZnII ions that exhibits narrow windows (<3.0 Å). Two polymorphs, referred to as 2α and 2β, were observed. Both polymorphs exhibit D2/H2 selectivity in the temperature range 30–100 K. At higher temperature (77 K), the D2 adsorption capacity of 2β increases to about 2.7 times that of 2α, along with a reasonable D2/H2 selectivity. Gas sorption analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy suggest a gate‐opening effect of the MOCs pore aperture. This promotes KQS at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature, indicating that MOCs hold promise for hydrogen isotope separation in real industrial environments.
Cationic porphyrin–xylan conjugate hydrogels for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy
Authors: Elkihel Abdechakour , Vernisse Charlotte , Ouk Tan‐Sothéa , Lucas Romain , Chaleix Vincent , Sol Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBio‐based hydrogels are attractive materials for many biomedical purposes such as drug delivery or wound healing. A light‐triggered antibacterial activity can be conferred to hydrogels after their conjugation to appropriate photosensitizers (PS). In this study, we have synthesized and characterized hydrogels consisting of cationic porphyrin–xylan conjugates. A cationic porphyrin was covalently attached to xylan by an esterification reaction. Different porphyrin‐xylan derivatives were obtained with degrees of substitution ranging from 0.003 to 0.053. Then, the derivatives were cross‐linked after reaction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA) dianhydride to obtain the corresponding hydrogels. The study of the morphology and rheology of the hydrogels showed that the materials obtained present interconnected porous structures, good mechanical integrities as well as high swelling ratios. Antimicrobial activity of cationic porphyrin–xylan conjugate hydrogels was tested under white light irradiation against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All of the tested hydrogels showed photo‐bactericidal activity against the two tested strains.
Morphology of the distal tip of the spinal cord in Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Greer Skye , Cramberg Michael , Young Bruce A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSecondary neurulation is a common feature of vertebrate development, which in non‐mammalian and non‐anuran vertebrates, results in the formation of a caudal spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to describe the terminal end of the caudal spinal cord in a crocodylian, a group chosen for their unique status of a living‐tailed archosaur. The caudal spinal cord of Alligator mississippiensis terminates near the intervertebral joint between the fourth and fifth terminal vertebrae. Prior to this termination, the dorsal root ganglia get proportionately larger, then stop before the termination of the spinal cord; and the gray matter of the spinal cord is lost producing an unusual morphology in which an ependymal‐lined central canal is surrounded by only white matter which is not divided into a cauda equina. The inner layer of the meninges (the pia‐arachnoid) courses over the distal end of the spinal cord and forms a ventral attachment, reminiscent of a very short Filum terminale; there is no caudal cistern. The dura extends beyond the termination of the spinal cord, continuing for at least the length of the fourth terminal vertebra, forming a structure herein termed the distal meningeal sheath. During its course, the distal meningeal sheath surrounds a mass of mesothelial cells, then terminates as an attachment on the dorsal surface of the vertebra.
Monitoring für Ingenieurbauwerke – Ein Anwenderbericht aus der Sicht eines Ingenieurbüros
Authors: Mischo Hendrik , Sanio David , Strohbusch Jens , Seisenberger Julian , Schartner Maria , Kargus Dennis , Mündecke Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung ergeben sich für die messtechnische, sensorgestützte Überwachung von Bauwerken zunehmend neue Einsatzbereiche. So schafft das Bauwerksmonitoring durch die Erfassung realer Bauwerksreaktionen und Einwirkungen neue Möglichkeiten zur Bewertung und zum Erhalt gealterter Infrastrukturbauwerke. Auch die Bauwerksprüfung kann durch Messtechnik sinnvoll unterstützt und ergänzt werden, wodurch eine prädiktive Instandhaltungsstrategie greifbar wird. In diesem Anwenderbericht werden ausgewählte Monitoringprojekte des Ingenieurbüros Grassl vorgestellt. Anhand verschiedener Anwendungsfälle werden die spezifischen Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten des Monitorings bei Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Themenschwerpunkte beleuchtet. Die Projekte zeigen, wie durch Monitoring die Restlebensdauer von Stahlbrücken verlängert werden kann, die Ausschreibung eines Monitorings für ein innerstädtisches Tunnelbauwerk gelingt und ein Structural Health Monitoring eines komplexen Neubaus bereits in der Planungsphase berücksichtigt wird. Zudem werden mögliche Schnittstellen zur Bauwerksprüfung dargestellt.