bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes and Emergency Response Optimization in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Yunus Sulaiman , Abdulkarim Ishaq A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increased occurrence of road traffic crashes in Kano metropolis has resulted in a steady loss of lives, injuries, and increased people's risk exposure. This study looked into the emergency response to road traffic crashes in Kano, with a view to improving efficiency by developing linkages and synergy between Emergency Healthcare Facilities (EHCF), ambulances, and crash hotspots. The geographical location and attributes of the major EHCF, crash hotspots along highway intersections, and the two existent ambulances at the Kano State Fire Service (KSFS) and Federal Road Safety Corp head offices (FRSC) were obtained using GPS surveying. Road traffic network data (vector format) was digitized from satellite image, from which two major road classes (highways and minor roads) were identified, as well as their respective speed limits. The length and speed constraints were used to calculate time distances. Nearest Neighbor and Network (closest facility, shortest route, and location-allocation) analyses were carried out. The results demonstrated that EHCF, ambulances, and crash places have different distribution patterns with almost no linkages. Closest ambulance facility analysis revealed the FRSC ambulance takes 9.41 minutes to arrive to crash spot 18 (Maiduguri Road, following NNPC) and 7.52 minutes to arrive at AKTH, the nearest EHCF. Comparatively, getting to Court road incident scene (spot 16) and IRPH as the closest EHCF takes about 3 times the time it takes to get to spot 18 and 4 times the time it takes to get to AKTH. This means that practically almost all victims in the city suffocate before reaching to the hospital. This signifies that, in cases of demand for CPR at the incident scene, there are higher likelihood of dying as it is expected to be provided within the first four minutes after the crash. Based on a maximum of 4 minutes impedance cutoff from all directions towards the occurrences areas, location-allocation analysis found eight new locations to maximize coverage and improve efficiency. It is concluded that current road traffic crash emergency response system has been determined to be ineffective. As a result, more ambulances should be strategically placed to improve emergency response times.
Rearing in hypersaline inland ground saline water affect growth and osmoregulatory responses of Common carp (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Anand Garima , dar Showkat , Srivas P.P. , Varghese Tincy , Gupta Subodh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To examine the culture suitability of common carp in inland saline by evaluating the growth as well as osmoregulatoryresponses,one hundred eighty Cyprinus carpio juveniles (15.9 ± 0.05g) were randomly distributed in four experimental groups in triplicate following completely randomiseddesign T1(0 ppt), T2 (5 ppt), T3 (10 ppt) T4 (15 ppt). Complete mortality occurred in the group reared at 15 ppt within 7 days. Further, with three groups (salinities: 0, 5, 10 ppt)the experiment was continued for 60 days.The weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rateand feed efficiency ratiowere lowest (P<0.05)in the groups reared at 10 ppt compared to 0 and 5 ppt. Similarly, highest expression of IGF-1was observed at 0 ppt followed by 5 ppt. Serum ions concentration as well as serum and water osmolality was increased significantly at 10 ppt compared to 0 ppt and 5 ppt. Na,K-ATPase alpha subunitwas non-significantly increased from 0 to 5 ppt but its value was significantly higher at 10 ppt. Serum glucose and cortisol were independent on salinity (0-10 ppt). the studies revealed that common carp can tolerate salinity upto 10 ppt, however at 5 ppt highest salinity upto which species can grow without any adverse effect on their internal physiology was found and suitable for growth.
Safety and Feasibility of Radiofrequency Ablation Using Bipolar Electrodes for Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma: A Multicentric Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Oguro Sota , Morimoto Ryo , Seiji Kazumasa , Ota Hideki , Kinoshita Tomo , Kawabata Masahiro , Ono Yoshikiyo , Omata Kei , Tezuka Yuta , Satoh Fumitoshi , Ito Sadayoshi , Moriya Nobukazu , Seishi Matsui , Nishikawa Tetsuo , Omura Masao , Nakai Kazuki , Nakatsuka Seishi , Kurihara Isao , Miyashita Kazutoshi , Koda Wataru , Minami Tetsuya , Takeda Yoshiyu , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Oki Yutaka , Oishi Toshihiro , Ushio Takasuke , Goshima Satoshi , Takase Kei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of feasibility and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using bipolar radiofrequency (RF) devices in a prospective multicenter cohort of patients with benign aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA).Methods: A total of five institutions participated. CT-guided percutaneous RFA was performed for patients diagnosed as APA. The safety of the procedure was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. During the 84-day follow-up period, serial changes in plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were measured. The percentage of patients with normalized hormonal activity after the procedure, was calculated with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Thirty-eight patients (20 men, 18 women; mean age, 50.4 ± 10.0 year) were enrolled, and one patient was excluded for intraprocedural intercostal arterial injury. The tumor size was 14.8 ± 3.8 mm. The technical success rate of the RFA procedure was 94.6% (35/37), and a 2nd session was performed in 2.7% (1/37) patients. Grade 4 adverse events were observed in 4 out of 38 sessions (10.5%). The normalization of plasma aldosterone concentration or aldosterone-renin ratio was 86.5% （72.0–94.1: 95% confidence interval） on day 84.Conclusions: Percutaneous CT-guided RFA for APA using a bipolar RF system was safe and feasible.
Hepatitis B Virus Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development by Activating GP73 to Repress the Innate Immune Response
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Liu Long , Huang Yanping , Fu Yanan , Rao Jingjing , Zeng Feng , Ji Manshan , Xu Xiang , Zhu Jianyong , Du Weixing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic infection in the clinic. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely linked to HBV infection. Serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) increases during HBV infection. However, the role of GP73 during HBV infection and the occurrence of HBV-related HCC is still poorly understood. MethodsThe underlying role of HBV-induced GP73 in regulating HCC development was investigated in this study. GP73 expression in HBV-related clinical HCC tissues and in HBV infected hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western Blotting and Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis. GP73 mediated tumorigenesis were detected by flow cytometry, QRT-PCR, xenograft nude mice and sphere formation assay. The effects of GP73 and HBV infection on host's innate immune responses in hepatocytes were further investigated by Western Blotting and Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis.ResultsInitially, we discovered that HBV-positive HCC tissues had significantly higher expression of GP73. Ectopic expression of the HBV gene could induce GP73 expression in primary human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells in vitro. In addition, we discovered that GP73 promotes HCC in both normal liver cells and hepatoma cells. We also found that ectopic expression of HBV genes increases GP73 expression, suppressing the host's innate immune responses in hepatocytes.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that HBV facilitates HCC development by activating GP73 to repress the host's innate immune response. This study adds to our understanding of the pathogenesis of HBV infection-induced HCC. The findings also provide preclinical support for GP73 as a potential HCC prevention or treatment target.
Substance availability, use, and misuse in ex-professional ice hockey enforcers
Authors: Gaetz Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Some ex-professional ice hockey enforcers have experienced negative outcomes following their careers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether athletes who had this role were negatively impacted by substance use and misuse during and/or following their careers. It was hypothesised that given their role in the sport, significant exposure to concussive injury occurred leading to a substantial number of challenges including high levels of post-career substance use. Methods: This study also utilises a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach with one-on-one semi-structured interviews with questions related to substance use/abuse. Results: This hypothesis for this study was not supported. Participants in this study reported low levels of substance use post-career. Patterns of substance use during career varied by era with a change in use from alcohol and over-the-counter stimulants to opioids, sleep aids, and AAS estimated to occur near the mid to late 1990s. Alcohol misuse was reported by four participants at some point during their careers. Stimulant use was prevalent in the sport pre-mid 1990s. The use of prescription opioid pain medication and sleep aids was reportedly rare before the mid to late 1990s but eventually became easily attainable via team medical staff and prescription sharing. Two participants from the later era also reported the use of AAS.Discussion: It has been revealed that this sample of ex-professional hockey enforcers experienced a significant number of concussions, continue to have challenges with chronic pain, and were exposed to several unique stressors during their careers, the effects of which may have varied based upon how the role was viewed. The combination of these factors may have led to increased substance use in some of these athletes during their careers.
JNK3 overexpression in the entorhinal cortex disseminates to the hippocampus and induces cognitive deficiencies and Tau misfolding
Authors: Ardanaz Carlos G. , Bejarano Arantza , Echarte Beatriz , Smerdou Cristian , Martisova Eva , Martínez-Valbuena Iván , Luquin María R. , Ramírez María J. , Solas Maite 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of protein kinases that can be activated by numerous stimuli and regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes in the Central Nervous System. JNK3, a specific isoform in the brain, have been shown to be involved in neurodegenerative conditions. Even though JNK over-activation has been observed in human brains affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its role in AD pathology development is still unclear. One of the early regions of neuronal volume loss in AD is the Entorhinal Cortex (EC). Indeed, the loss of projections from EC to hippocampus (Hp) in the early phases of AD has raised the idea that the connection between EC and Hp could be deteriorated in AD. Thus, the main aim of the current work is to address if JNK3 overexpression in the EC could spread to the hippocampus, leading to cognitive deficiencies, similar to what occurs in early stages of AD. Data acquired in the current study suggest that JNK3 overexpression in the EC is also observed in the Hp and this leads to cognitive impairment. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and Tau immunoreactivity appeared to be increased both in the EC and Hp. Therefore, activation of inflammatory signaling and induction of Tau aberrant misfolding caused by JNK3 could be the underlying mechanism of the observed cognitive impairment. Altogether, JNK3 overexpression may disseminate from EC to Hp inducing cognitive dysfunction in vulnerable brain regions and may underlie the alterations observed in early stages of AD.
Sleep cycle in children with severe acute bronchopneumonia during mechanical ventilation at different depths of sedation
Authors: Zhao Xueshan , Yan Jingli , Wu Bo , Zheng Duo , Fang Xiuying , Xu Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the characteristics of sleep cycle in children with severe acute bronchopneumonia treated with invasive mechanical ventilation at different sedation depths. Methods： We included 35 pediatric patients with severe acute bronchopneumonia treated using mechanical ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. They were divided into deep sedation group (n=21; ramsay score 5-6) and light sedation group (n=14; ramsay score3-4) based on sedation depth achieved during mechanical ventilation. Long-term video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was performed within the first 24h after starting mechanical ventilation and after weaning from mechanical ventilation and discontinuing sedatives and analgesics. The results were analyzed and compared with those of normal children to analyze changes in sleep cycle characteristics at different sedation depths and mechanical ventilation stages.Results: There were 29 cases altered sleep architecture. The deep sedation group had a significantly higher incidence of sleep architecture altered, total sleep duration, and non-rapid eye movement sleep-1(NREM-1) loss incidence than the light sedation group. Moreover, the deep sedation group had a significantly lower awakening number and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) percentage than the light sedation group. The sleep cycle returned to normal in 27 (77%) patients without NREM-1 or REM sleep loss. Conclusions: Deep sedation during mechanical ventilation allows longer total sleep duration, fewer awakenings, and an increased deep sleep proportion, butsleep architecture is severely altered. After weaning from mechanical ventilation and sedative discontinuation, lightly sedated children exhibit better sleep recovery.
Metabolic engineering for provitamin D3 biosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Choe Sunghwa , Choi Sunmee , Kim Jeongmo , Park Jongjin , Kim Jinhwa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Providing adequate vitamin D3 for the human diet is a long-standing goal of crop breeding because most plants have relatively low levels of this nutrient naturally. Using CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the tomato genome, we increased provitamin D3 levels in tomato fruits to up to 1 mg per 100 grams dry weight. Use of this provitamin D3 tomato could ameliorate widespread vitamin D deficiencies around the world.
Anxiety and depression in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Sun Xiaohua , Zhu Qisha , Zhao Yuan , Tang Jinsong , Song Haidong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) poses a huge challenge to the global public health. People with schizophrenia living in communities urgently need effective interventions to help them adjust to life and work, but they have not received enough attention. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China during the epidemic, and to explore possible influencing factors.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional survey, we collected 15165 questionnaires. Assessments included subjects’ demographic information, knowledge of COVID-19-related information, sleep status, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and other accompanying illnesses. The Chinese versions of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety of patients.
Results
Moderate to severe anxiety accounted for 16.9%, and the percentage of moderate and above depression was 34.9%. T-test showed that females with schizophrenia had a significantly higher score of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 than males with schizophrenia (t=-2.03, P = 0.042; t=-3.27, P = 0.001), and patients without other accompanying long-standing diseases (t = 4.18, P < 0.001; t = 6.86, P < 0.001), not understanding COVID-19 (t = 8.17, P<0.001; t = 2.29, P = 0.022) had lower GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. ANOVA showed that participants aged from 30 to 39 (F = 2.8, ,P = 0.014), with higher educational levels (F = 4.0, ༌P = 0.007) scored higher on GAD-, ༌and patients with better sleep(F = 158.8, ༌P < 0.001; F = 284.0, ༌P < 0.001), having a simple knowledge of COVID-19 (F = 93.19, P<0.001; F = 95.30, P<0.001) had lower GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that participants aged 30–39 and 40–49 positively predicted anxiety, whereas only patients aged 30–39 years were positively predictive of depression. Participants with poor sleep, other long-standing diseases, knowing the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
Conclusion
Patients aged from 30 to 39, with poor sleep, other accompanying long-standing diseases, knowing the COVID-19 pandemic were potential factors of depression and anxiety. We need to strengthen psychological intervention for patients with schizophrenia.
Multiple fluctuating targets track-before-detect using multi-bernoulli filter in radar sensor
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Wu Sunyong , Deng Honggao , Sun Xiyan , Cai Ruhua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the detection and tracking of multiple fluctuating targets for track-before-detect algorithm based on Multi-Bernoulli (MB-TBD) filter in surveillance radar systems. MB-TBD usually considers target amplitude information and ignores the fact that radar measurements are complex valued. In this paper, we first propose to utilize phase information to improve the discrimination of targets from noise. More precisely, complex likelihood ratios (CLR) are used instead of squared modulus measurements likelihood ratios (SLR) for fluctuations of types Swerling 0, 1, 3. Secondly, the traditional MB-TBD filter cannot solve the problem of coexistence between targets with stronger amplitude and weaker amplitude when multiple fluctuating targets are moving. To address this limitation, an adaptive birth distribution based on joint successive target cancellation and measurement likelihood ratio driven is proposed. Moreover, in order to reduce computational complexity, the bernoulli components of the same targets are merged after the MB-TBD updating. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented using sequential monte carlo technology. The simulation results show that in challenging scenarios, the performance of the improved algorithm is better than the traditional algorithm, and it has a good application prospect.
Genome-wide identification of 12 amino acid transporter families and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed
Authors: Kong Xiao-cai , Yue# Cai-peng , Zhang Tian-yu , Zhou Ting , Huang Jin-yong , Hua Ying-peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Brassica napus is an important oil crop in China and has a great demand for nitrogen. Amino acid transporters (AAT) play a key role in amino acid absorption and transport in plants. However, the AAT family genes have not been reported in Brassica napus so far.Results: In this study, genome-wide analysis identified 203 AAT members in Brassica napus genome. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis, BnaAATs were classified into twelve groups. The members in the same subgroups showed that similar physiochemical characteristics, intron/exon and motif patterns. By evaluating cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) in the promoters, we identified some cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to hormone, stresses and plant development. Darwin’s evolutionary analysis indicated that BnaAATs might have experienced strong purifying selection pressure. The BnaAAT gene family in Brassica napus may have undergone gene expansion, the chromosomal location of BnaAATs indicated that whole genome replication or segmental replication may play a major driving role. Differential expression pattern of BnaAATs under nitrate limitation, phosphate shortage, potassium shortage, boron stress, boron toxicity, cadmium toxicity, ammonium excess, and salt stress conditions indicated that they were responsive to different nutrient stresses. Conclusions: In summary, these findings provide a comprehensive survey of the BnaAAT genes family and lay a foundation for the further functional analysis of family members. Transcriptome analysis identified genes that responded to stresses, which laid a foundation for the genetic improvement in rapeseed nutrient stress resistance.
Electronic structure and interaction in CH4@C60 : A first-principle investigation
Authors: jia ang , huang he , zuo zhong-fu , Peng Yongjin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
CH4@C60 was the first example an organic molecule has been embedded in C60, and by far the largest molecule. CH4 can rotate freely in the molecular cage, and the carbon skeleton structure of the C60 has no obvious deformation. The electronic structure of CH4@C60 and interaction between C60 and CH4 were studied under quantum mechanical calculation method. The different reaction sites on C-C bonds in C60 and the weak Van der Waals interaction between CH4 and C60 were shown clearly. These results and the orbital interaction between CH4 and C60 were helpful for understanding and further application of this unique biggest organic molecule CH4 contained in C60 structure so far.
Impoverishment Effect of Out of Pocket Health Spending in India: A Comparison Between Households with Elderly and Households without Elderly
Authors: Barman Papai , Das Milan , Behara Deepak kumar , Sahoo Harihar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The share of out-of-pocket health spending (OOPS) to household consumption expenditure is very high, around 67 percent, making health care costs catastrophic and leading to impoverishment effects in the medium to longrun. In this study, we have examined the impoverishment effects of OOPS on households with elderly and without elderly.Methods:Our study extracted households with the hospitalized member in the last 365 days (N=80105) in the first phase and thereafter, it divided households with elderly (N = 23708), and households without elderly (N = 56397). Further, we have categorized a household’s impoverishment as a binary variable (Yes or No) after paying health services. The study has employed bivariate and logistics regression to examine the relationship between outcome variables and selected socio-demographic characteristics of households. Results. Our findings show that OOPS among elderly households is on the upswing. By controlling for other factors, households with two elderly individuals are 6% more likely to be impoverished than the households without elderly. The prevalence of poverty among households with at least one elderly person is 10.5%, while it is 9.8% among households with elderly. As a result of the greater out-of-pocket expenditure, a higher percentage of elderly households in most Indian states are impoverished than households without elderly.Conclusion:The findings of the current study call for financial protection and regional level policies for the identified households. There is also a need to expand the insurance coverage, especially the households with elderly.