bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring radiogrammetry beyond the second metacarpal: Using the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals to quantify cortical bone
Authors: Schneider Maris A. , Gilmour Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTraditional metacarpal radiogrammetry, a method for quantifying cortical bone in metacarpals to identify bone loss, typically relies on the presence of an unaltered or undamaged second metacarpal. This study compares the cortical indices of the second to the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals to test if an additional metacarpal can be used as substitute when the second metacarpal is not available for study.MethodsHand and wrist radiographs from the Burlington Growth Study, belonging to 56 individuals (28 females; 28 males) between 18 and 20 years old, were included in this study. Cortical indices were calculated for metacarpals two through five. Cortical index differences were statistically compared by sex, and the second metacarpal cortical indices were correlated with those of the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals.ResultsThe third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal cortical indices were all significantly correlated with the second metacarpal cortical indices for both females and males (p < .05). Cortical indices of the second metacarpal were most strongly correlated with those of the third metacarpal (females r = .644, p < .001; males r = .643, p < .001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that the third, fourth, or fifth metacarpal may serve as substitutes for cortical index analyses when the second metacarpal is unavailable or unsuitable for analysis. While the second metacarpal should remain the primary choice in radiogrammetry analyses, the third metacarpal is the most suitable alternative for quantitative analyses of cortical bone.
Interstitial microdeletions of 3q26.2q26.31 in two patients with neurodevelopmental delay and distinctive features
Authors: Tamura Takeaki , Yamamoto Shimojima Keiko , Shiihara Takashi , Sakazume Satoru , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Morioka Ichiro , Kanno Hitoshi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterstitial microdeletions in the long arm of chromosome 3 are rare. In this study, we identified two patients with approximately 5‐Mb overlapping deletions in the 3q26.2q26.31 region. Both patients showed neurodevelopmental delays, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features. One of them showed growth deficiency and brain abnormalities, as shown on a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Haploinsufficiency of NLGN1 and FNDC3B present in the common deletion region was considered to be responsible for neurodevelopmental delay and the distinctive features, respectively. The possibility of unmasked variants in PLD1 was considered and analyzed, but no possible pathogenic variant was found, and the mechanism of the congenital heart defects observed in the patients is unknown. Because 3q26.2q26.31 deletions are rare, more information is required to establish genotype–phenotype correlations associated with microdeletions in this region.
Tailored Tolane‐Perfluorotolane Assembly as Supramolecular Base Pair Replacement in DNA
Authors: Neitz Hermann , Bessi Irene , Kachler Valentin , Michel Manuela , Höbartner Claudia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArene‐fluoroarene interactions offer outstanding possibilities for engineering of supramolecular systems, including nucleic acids. Here, we implement the tolane‐perfluorotolane interaction as base pair replacement in DNA. Tolane (THH) and perfluorotolane (TFF) moieties were connected to acyclic backbone units, comprising glycol nucleic acid (GNA) or butyl nucleic acid (BuNA) building blocks, that were incorporated via phosphoramidite chemistry at opposite positions in a DNA duplex. Thermodynamic analyses by UV thermal melting revealed a compelling stabilization by THH/TFF heteropairs only when connected to the BuNA backbone, but not with the shorter GNA linker. Detailed NMR studies confirmed the preference of the BuNA backbone for enhanced polar π‐stacking. This work defines how orthogonal supramolecular interactions can be tailored by small constitutional changes in the DNA backbone, and it inspires future studies of arene‐fluoroarene‐programmed assembly of DNA.
Unusual Changes of C−H Bond Lengths in Chiral Zinc Complexes Induced by Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Elakkat Vijayanath , Tessema Eskedar , Lin Chia‐Her , Wang Xiaoping , Chang Huan‐Cheng , Zheng You‐Ning , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Gurumallappa  , Zhang Zhong‐Yun , Long Chan Ka , Rahayu Hening A. , Francisco Joseph S. , Lu Norman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to better understand the effect of non‐covalent weak interactions on molecules, we have explored a variety of weak interactions, such as improper H‐bonding (HB), tetrel bonds (TBs) and halogen bonds, in fluorinated chiral zinc complexes. High resolution neutron diffraction studies revealed a methylene carbon‐hydrogen bond elongation and shortening due to TB and improper HB interactions, respectively. To show the accumulative effects of multiple weak interactions on the C−H bond, three types of tetrel bonds have been carefully examined. We have also shown how C−H bond elongation can be easily offset by forming an improper HB with the H atom from this C−H bond. Non‐covalent interaction and electrostatic potential analysis investigations have been used to affirm the nature of the interactions based on density functional theory (DFT) and other related calculations.
Imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks coordinated with nickel for ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Guo Lijun , Gao Yuxin , Huang Jin , Xue Jingqi , Li Feng , Li Cuiqin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe functionalized covalent organic framework materials play an important role in catalytic application. A convenient tactic is developed to design and synthesize an imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) material (COF‐PD) with abundant nitrogen atoms, which can provide coordination active site and facilitate the incorporation of COFs with nickel ions. Nickel‐coordinated COF‐PD complex (COF‐PD‐Ni) is prepared and used in ethylene oligomerization. COF‐PD‐Ni displays the highest catalytic activity of 1.98 × 105 g/(mol·Ni·h) in ethylene oligomerization with MAO as co‐catalyst and cyclohexane as solvent. Various reaction parameters including reaction temperature, time, solvent, and the amount of cocatalyst are evaluated in detail, dramatically impacting the catalytic activities as well as the distribution of the products. What is more, the effect of COFs structure on the catalytic performance is also studied, suggesting more coordination sites were more important for high activity.
‘A human values issue’: Actors, arguments, and regulatory change in the Florida land‐based shark fishery
Authors: Wester Julia , Turffs Dylann , Shiffman David , Macdonald Catherine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Recreational shark fisheries have been the subject of recent public attention because of the possible impacts on shark populations and conflicts between stakeholders.
A case study is presented based on discussions that took place in summer 2018 about potential changes to policies regulating recreational land‐based shark fishing in Florida. Comments from public meetings and workshops (totalling 15.8 hours) and online comments (1,050) submitted to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) were analysed using the lens of actor–network theory.
The case study explores the intersection of conflicting stakeholder interests and types of knowledge, including how stakeholders variously defined the problem of user conflict in a coastal public space, and how they aligned themselves in relation to the problem and to each other. It further illustrates how shifting values and norms can intersect with changing technologies and environmental realities to produce new or increasing conflicts between natural resource user groups.
This study underlines the importance and potential benefits of regulatory agencies explicitly and transparently engaging with value trade‐offs when managing conflicts among users of natural resources.
A review and future avenues for psychological ownership in consumer research
Authors: Peck Joann , Luangrath Andrea W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch on psychological ownership is prevalent in the consumer domain. This article details the theoretical core of psychological ownership, integrating research in consumer psychology and marketing. The underlying motivations behind psychological ownership are also considered as well as the antecedents and consequences of feeling ownership. This article discusses how consumers signal and infer a sense of ownership, acknowledging that the characteristics of the target of ownership vary greatly to include physical targets as well as those that are intangible. Research is discussed on the lifecycle of ownership considering the formation, perception, and eventual dissolution of psychological ownership. The authors note various avenues for future research in psychological ownership with the aim to spur research in consumer psychology and feelings of ownership.
Clinical and genetic analysis of patients with segmental overgrowth features and somatic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway disruption: Possible novel clinical issues
Authors: Romano Ferruccio , Madia Francesca , De Marco Patrizia , Ognibene Marzia , Guerrisi Sara , Scala Marcello , Iacomino Michele , Baldassari Simona , Vercellino Nadia , Manunza Francesca , Tallone Ramona , Pavanello Marco , Piatelli Gianluca , Garaventa Alberto , Zara Federico , Capra Valeria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSegmental overgrowth syndromes include a group of clinical entities, all characterized by the abundant proliferation of tissues or organs in association with vascular abnormalities. These syndromes show a wide spectrum of severity ranging from limited involvement of only small areas of the body to complex cases with impressive distortions of multiple tissues and organs. It is now clear that somatic mutations in genes of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (in brief “mTOR pathway”) are responsible for such entities. Not all the cells of the body carry the same causative mutation, which is mosaic, appearing from two (or more) distinct cell lineages after fertilization. In this article, we reconsider the clinical spectrum and surveillance programs of patients with segmental overgrowth syndromes, based on the features of six patients with diverse clinical forms of overgrowth and pathogenic variants in genes of the mTOR pathway.
Lack of impact of the ALDH2 rs671 variant on breast cancer development in Japanese BRCA1/2‐mutation carriers
Authors: Mori Tomoharu , Okamoto Yusuke , Mu Anfeng , Ide Yoshimi , Yoshimura Akiyo , Senda Noriko , Inagaki‐Kawata Yukiko , Kawashima Masahiro , Kitao Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Eriko , Miyoshi Yasuo , Ohsumi Shozo , Tsugawa Koichiro , Ohta Tomohiko , Katagiri Toyomasa , Ohtsuru Shigeru , Koike Kaoru , Ogawa Seishi , Toi Masakazu , Iwata Hiroji , Nakamura Seigo , Matsuo Keitaro , Takata Minoru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aldehyde degrading function of the ALDH2 enzyme is impaired by Glu504Lys polymorphisms (rs671, termed A allele), which causes alcohol flushing in east Asians, and elevates the risk of esophageal cancer among habitual drinkers. Recent studies suggested that the ALDH2 variant may lead to higher levels of DNA damage caused by endogenously generated aldehydes. This can be a threat to genome stability and/or cell viability in a synthetic manner in DNA repair‐defective settings such as Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by defects in any one of so far identified 22 FANC genes including hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We have previously reported that the progression of FA phenotypes is accelerated with the ALDH2 rs671 genotype. Individuals with HBOC are heterozygously mutated in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, and the cancer‐initiating cells in these patients usually undergo loss of the wild‐type BRCA1/2 allele, leading to homologous recombination defects. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ALDH2 genotypes may impact breast cancer development in BRCA1/2 mutant carriers. We genotyped ALDH2 in 103 HBOC patients recruited from multiple cancer centers in Japan. However, we were not able to detect any significant differences in clinical stages, histopathological classification, or age at clinical diagnosis across the ALDH2 genotypes. Unlike the effects in hematopoietic cells of FA, our current data suggest that there is no impact of the loss of ALDH2 function in cancer initiation and development in breast epithelium of HBOC patients.
Isolation, Structure Characterization, Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from Tinospora sagittata
Authors: Xu De‐Feng , Su Pei‐Wen , Wang Chao , Miao Lei , Zhang Jun‐Sheng , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThirteen cinnamic acid derivatives (1–13), including six formerly unreported hybrids incorporating different short‐chain fatty acid esters (1–6), have been obtained and structurally elucidated from an ethnological herb Tinospora sagittata. The structures of them have been established by spectroscopic data analyses and NMR comparison with known analogs, while those of 1, 2, 4 and 6 have been further supported by total synthesis, and it is the first report of this type of metabolites from the title species. All the isolates have been assessed in an array of bioassays encompassing cytotoxic, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as α‐glucosidase and HDAC1 inhibitory models. Compound 7 showed significant inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase, and half of the isolates also displayed moderate antiradical effect.
Recent progress in flexible Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors: Fundamentals, fabrication designs, and applications
Authors: Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Asim Sumreen , Najam Tayyaba , Khalid Muhammad , Hussain Iftikhar , Ahmad Awais , Assiri Mohammed A. , Han Weihua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the most exciting new developments in energy storage technology is flexible Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (f‐ZIHSCs), which combine the high energy of Zn‐ion batteries with high‐power supercapacitors to satisfy the needs of portable flexible electronics. However, the development of f‐ZHSCs is still in its infancy, and there are numerous barriers to overcome before they can be widely implemented for practical applications. This review gives an up‐to‐date description of recent achievements and underlying concepts in energy storage mechanisms of f‐ZIHSCs and emphasizes the critical role of cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials systems in speeding the prosperity of f‐ZIHSCs. The innovative nanostructured‐based cathode materials for f‐ZIHSCs include carbon (e.g., porous carbon, heteroatom‐doped carbon, biomass‐derived porous carbon, graphene, etc.), metal‐oxides, MXenes, and metal/covalent‐organic frameworks, and other materials (e.g., activated carbon, phosphorene, etc.) are mainly focused. Afterward, the latest developments in flexible anode and electrolyte frameworks and impacts of electrolyte compositions on the electrochemical properties of f‐ZIHSC are elaborated. Subsequently, the advancements based on fabrication designs, including quasi‐solid‐state, micro, fiber‐shaped, and all climate‐changed f‐ZIHSCs, are discussed in detail. Lastly, a summary of current challenges and recommendations for the future progress of advanced f‐ZIHSC are addressed. This review article is anticipated to further understand the viable strategies and achievable approaches for assembling high‐performance f‐ZIHSCs and boost the technical revolutions on cathode, anode, and electrolytes for f‐ZIHSC devices.
Renal function during hospitalization and outcome in Chinese patients with acute decompensated heart failure: A retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Lee Hao‐Wei , Huang Chin‐Chou , Yang Chih‐Yu , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Huang Po‐Hsun , Wu Tao‐Cheng , Lin Shing‐Jong , Chen Jaw‐Wen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe heart and kidneys had demonstrated a bidirectional interaction that dysfunction of the heart or kidneys can induce dysfunction in the other organ.HypothesisRenal function and its decline during hospitalization may have impact on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).MethodsA total of 119 consecutive Chinese patients admitted for ADHF were prospectively enrolled. The course of renal function was presented with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by the four‐variable equation proposed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. Worsening renal function (WRF) was defined as eGFR decline between admission (eGFRadmission) and predischarge (eGFRpredischarge). Clinical outcomes were defined as 4P‐major adverse cardiovascular events (4P‐MACE), including the composition of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal HF hospitalization.ResultsDuring an average 2.6 ± 3.2 years follow‐up, 66 patients (55%) experienced 4P‐MACE. Patients with impaired eGFRpredischarge (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) had more 4P‐MACE than those with preserved eGFRpredischarge (64.7% vs. 43.1%, p = .019). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed significantly higher incidence of 4P‐MACE in patients with impaired eGFRpredischarge than those with preserved eGFRpredischarge (p = .002). Cox regression analysis revealed that impaired eGFRpredischarge was significantly correlated with the development of 4P‐MACE (hazard ratio, 2.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.072–3.744; p = .029). In contrast, outcomes would be similar with regard to eGFR on admission and eGFR decline during hospitalization.ConclusionsImpaired renal function before discharge, but not impaired renal function on admission or WRF, is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with ADHF.
Co‐design to deliver service improvement: What does this mean and how can we do it? A qualitative study with upper gastrointestinal cancer patients and professionals
Authors: Haste Anna , Sharp Linda , Thomson Richard , Sowden Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is strategic objective to incorporate the principles and practice of co‐design into routine service development and improvement.AimThe aim was to explore the concept and feasibility of service co‐design with patients and health professionals with regards to the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer care pathway.Methods and ResultsQualitative telephone interviews and face‐to‐face focus groups in one region of England. Twenty patients completed interviews. Nine patients and ten professionals formed two focus groups. Patients were referred through the urgent (two week) GP referral route and were within six months of receiving their first treatment for an UGI cancer. Professionals were working as service planners and providers of the UGI cancer care pathway. Thematic analysis was undertaken. Six themes emerged: Responsibilities and expectations, Knowledge and understanding, Valuing patient input, Building relationships, Environment for co‐design activities, Impact and effectiveness. Based on the themes a checklist has been created to provide practical suggestions for both professionals and patients on approaching co‐design for service improvement.ConclusionThis study offers policy and practice partners a clearer understanding of co‐design and factors to consider when approaching co‐design in real life settings.
Advanced In Situ Characterization Techniques for Direct Observation of Gas‐Involved Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: He Yanzheng , Liu Sisi , Wang Mengfan , Cheng Qiyang , Ji Haoqing , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: November 2022

Gas‐involved electrochemical reactions provide feasible solutions to the worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution. It has been recognized that various elements of the reaction system, including catalysts, intermediates, and products, will undergo real‐time variations during the reaction process, which are of significant meaning to the in‐depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, material structure, and active sites. As judicious tools for real‐time monitoring of the changes in these complex elements, in situ techniques have been exposed to the spotlight in recent years. This review aims to highlight significant progress of various advanced in situ characterization techniques, such as in situ X‐ray based technologies, in situ spectrum technologies, and in situ scanning probe technologies, that enhance our understanding of heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction. We provide a summary of recent advances in the development and applications of these in situ characterization techniques, from the working principle and detection modes to detailed applications in different reactions, along with key questions that need to be addressed. Finally, in view of the unique application and limitation of different in situ characterization techniques, we conclude by putting forward some insights and perspectives on the development direction and emerging combinations in the future.
Aryltriazenes as Coupling Partners in the Hiyama, Hiyama‐Suzuki and Hiyama‐Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Conventional and Ionic Liquid Reagents and Solvents
Authors: Anchi Athmanand , Malunavar Shruti S. , Naik Ravi S. , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApplication of conventional and ionic liquid (IL) solvents and reagents in the Hiyama cross‐coupling reactions using triazenes as coupling partners was investigated. The microwave‐assisted and Pd‐catalyzed reactions in ROH/HBF4, ROH/BF3 ⋅ Et2O and in [BMIM][X]/[BMIM(SO3H)][OTf]/[BMIM][F] proved effective and gave respectable isolated yields within minutes. The scope of the Hiyama coupling reaction with triazenes was investigated in these media. The IL reagents and solvents were successfully employed to develop stepwise and sequential/tandem Hiyama‐Suzuki (H−S) and Hiyama‐Heck (H−H) methods. Study of the scope of these transformations led to facile synthesis of libraries of biaryls, hetero‐biaryls, diphenylmethanes, styryl‐biphenyls, and a host of biphenyl‐appended heterocycles. The potential for the recycling/reuse of the IL solvents in the Hiyama reaction, and in stepwise and sequential transformations was also examined.