bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible protective effect of zinc administration on renal and cognitive changes occurring in uninephrectomized adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Basta Marianne , Yassin Hend A. , Aly Rania G. , El Sayed Norhan S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as an important consequence of kidney disease in humans. Kidney donation is a safe procedure but is known to increase the long‐term risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Whether kidney donation impairs cognitive function is not known. In the present study, we examined whether the renal changes occurring post‐nephrectomy were accompanied by cognitive changes as well, and whether early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized (UNX) rats could ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present. The present study included 30 adult male Wistar rats that were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 per group): sham‐operated rats, UNX and UNX treated with ZnSO4 for 20 weeks. Before termination, rats were subjected to 24‐h urine collection and behavioural testing with the Morris water maze and T maze tests. UNX induced significant proteinuria, renal functional, fibrotic and oxidative changes, as well as increased renal desmin expression. UNX rats also showed significant behavioural changes indicating spatial learning and memory affection, together with decreased hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and antioxidant capacity, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. In addition, UNX induced significant hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, as well as significant reduction in serum zinc, copper and selenium. Early administration of ZnSO4 starting 1 week post‐nephrectomy significantly ameliorated renal and behavioural changes, as well as hippocampal oxidative, BDNF and GFAP changes. Additionally, Zn recovered serum changes of triglycerides, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Therefore, early administration of zinc to humans undergoing nephrectomy may be of benefit and should be considered in human trials.
Changes in microvascular perfusion of heart and skeletal muscle in sheep around the time of birth
Authors: Hagen Matthew W. , Louey Samantha , Alaniz Sarah M. , Belcik Todd , Muller Matthew M. , Brown Laura , Lindner Jonathan R. , Jonker Sonnet S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrovascular perfusion of striated muscle is an important determinant of health throughout life. Birth is a transition with profound effects on the growth and function of striated muscle, but the regulation of microvascular perfusion around this transition is poorly understood. We used contrast‐enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging (CEUS) to study the perfusion of left ventricular myocardium and hindlimb biceps femoris, which are populations of muscle with different degrees of change in pre‐ to postnatal workloads and different capacities for postnatal proliferative growth. We studied separate groups of lambs in late gestation (135 days’ gestational age; 92% of term) and shortly after birth (5 days’ postnatal age). We used CEUS to quantify baseline perfusion, perfusion during hyperaemia induced by adenosine infusion (myocardium) or electrically stimulated unloaded exercise (skeletal muscle), flow reserve and oxygen delivery. We found heart‐to‐body weight ratio was greater in neonates than fetuses. Microvascular volume and overall perfusion were lower in neonates than fetuses in both muscle groups at baseline and with hyperaemia. Flux rate differed with muscle group, with myocardial flux being faster in neonates than fetuses, but skeletal muscle flux being slower. Oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle at baseline was lower in neonates than fetuses, but was not significantly different in myocardium. Flow reserve was not different between ages. Given the significant somatic growth, and the transition from hyperplastic to hypertrophic myocyte growth occurring in the perinatal period, we postulate that the primary driver of lower neonatal striated muscle perfusion is faster growth of myofibres than their associated capillary networks.
Experimental Investigation of Air Cooling With/Out Tab Cooling in Cell and Module Levels for Thermal Uniformity in Battery Packs
Authors: Gocmen Sinan , Cetkin Erdal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Catastrophic effects of global warming and environmental pollution are becoming more evident each day, and reduction in fossil fuel consumption is an urgent need. Thus, electric vehicles powered by sustainable energy sources are becoming a major interest. However, there are some challenges such as safety, limited range, long charging times, and battery life which are inhibitory to the adaptation of them. One of the biggest reasons for these challenges is the relationship between battery degradation and temperature which can be eliminated if batteries can be kept at the optimum temperature range. Here, the effects of three distinct (natural convection, forced convection, and tab cooling) methodology were experimentally compared at both the cell and module levels (six serial 7.5 Ah Kokam pouch cells, 1P6S) for thermal management of lithium-ion cells. The experiments were conducted at a discharge rate of 3C with ambient temperatures of 24 °C and 29 °C. The cell-level test results show that the tab cooling yields 32.5% better thermal uniformity in comparison to the other techniques. Furthermore, tab cooling yields better temperature uniformity with and without air convection as the hot spots occurring near the tabs is eliminated. For the module level, the forced air convection method stands out as the best option with a 4.3% temperature deviation between cells and maximum cell temperature of 39 °C. Overall, the results show that a hybrid approach with tab cooling would be beneficial in terms of temperature homogeneity especially in high capacity electric vehicle battery cells.
Artificial Intelligence for Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Paret Paul , Finegan Donal , Narumanchi Sreekant 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Progress in the field of power electronics within electric vehicles has generally been driven by conventional engineering design principles and experiential learning. Power electronics is inherently a multidomain field where semiconductor physics and electrical, thermal, and mechanical design knowledge converge to achieve a practical realization of desired targets in the form of conversion efficiency, power density, and reliability. Due to the promising nature of artificial intelligence in delivering rapid results, engineers are starting to explore the ways in which it can contribute to making power electronics more compact and reliable. Here, we conduct a brief review of the foray of artificial intelligence in three distinct subtechnologies within a power electronics system in the context of electric vehicles: semiconductor devices, power electronics module design and prognostics, and thermal management design. The intent is not to report an exhaustive literature review, but to identify the state of the art and opportunities for artificial intelligence to play a meaningful role in power electronics design from a mechanical and thermal standpoint, as well as to discuss a few promising future research directions.
Comparative Assessment of Biomechanical Parameters in Subjects With Multiple Cerebral Aneurysms Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulations
Authors: Shidhore Tanmay C. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Rayz Vitaliy L. , Christov Ivan C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCerebral aneurysm progression is a result of a complex interplay of the biomechanical and clinical risk factors that drive aneurysmal growth and rupture. Subjects with multiple aneurysms are unique cases wherein clinical risk factors are expected to affect each aneurysm equally, thus allowing for disentangling the effect of biomechanical factors on aneurysmal growth. Toward this end, we performed a comparative computational fluid–structure interaction analysis of aneurysmal biomechanics in image-based models of stable and growing aneurysms in the same subjects, using the cardiovascular simulation platform simvascular. We observed that areas exposed to low shear and the median peak systolic arterial wall displacement were higher by factors of 2 or more and 1.5, respectively, in growing aneurysms as compared to stable aneurysms. Furthermore, we defined a novel metric, the oscillatory stress index (OStI), which indicates locations of oscillating arterial wall stresses. We observed that growing aneurysms were characterized by regions of combined low wall shear and high OStI, which we hypothesize to be associated with regions of collagen degradation and remodeling. Such regions were either absent or below 5% of the surface area in stable aneurysms. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies in larger cohorts of subjects, to evaluate the statistical significance of these biomechanical parameters in cerebral aneurysm growth.
Once You See It, You Can’t Unsee It? Racial Justice Activism and Articulations of Whiteness Among White Collegiate Athlete Activists
Authors: Kluch Yannick , Calow Emma , Martin Eric M. , Scheadler Travis R. , Mac Intosh Andrew , Jolly Shannon 
Published: November 2022

The goal of this study was to examine how athletes holding privileged racial identities understand their whiteness as they engage in racial justice activism. Drawing from 12 semistructured interviews with white collegiate athletes who have engaged in activism for racial justice, we identified four higher order themes which we situate within a broader discussion of how each theme either reinforces or disrupts racial power: articulations of (a) racial consciousness, (b) white privilege, (c) white empathy, and (d) white accountability. While the white accountability theme has the potential to disrupt racial power due to its relying on rigorous self-critique, the remaining themes pointed to limited understandings of the systemic nature of racism, which can thus inadvertently (re)produce white supremacy even when engaging in activism for racial justice. Limitations, implications, and future directions for research are discussed to empower more white athletes to reflect critically on whiteness and facilitate systemic change.
Use of path analysis to predict changes to community pharmacy and GP emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) provision in England
Authors: Thayer Nick , White Simon , Frisher Martin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesIn 2014/2015, 46% of community pharmacies were commissioned by local authorities to provide emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) free without prescription in England. Commissioning EHC services influences EHC prescribing from General Practice (GP)—greater community pharmacy provision reduces GP prescribing. This study aimed to examine predictors of GP and pharmacy EHC activity, describing them using path analysis. From this, commissioners and policy-makers may understand ways to influence this.Study designCross-sectional study of routinely recorded data, obtained through freedom of information requests to local authorities.SettingCommunity pharmacies and general practices in England, UK.ParticipantsAll local authorities in England were included in the study (147 areas). The study population were all girls, adolescents and women aged 12–55. Of the 147 areas, data from 80 local authorities were obtained covering an eligible female population of 9 380 153.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCorrelation between community pharmacy and GP EHC activity.ResultsData from 80 local authorities were analysed, representing 60% of the eligible female population in England. A significant negative correlation was found between rates of community pharmacy provision and GP prescribing (−0.458, p<0.000). Community pharmacy provision and the proportion of pharmacies commissioned were significantly correlated (0.461, p<0.000). A significant correlation was found between increased deprivation and community pharmacy provision (0.287, p=0.010). Standardised total effects on GP prescribing were determined from path analysis including community pharmacy provision (ß=−0.552) and proportion of pharmacies commissioned (ß=−0.299). If all community pharmacies were commissioned to provide EHC, GP EHC prescriptions could decrease by 15%.ConclusionCommunity pharmacy EHC provision has a significant influence on GP EHC prescribing. Increasing the proportion of commissioned community pharmacies should have a marked impact on GP workload. The methodology affords the possibility of examining relationships surrounding other commissioned service activity across different settings and their impact on linked care settings.
Quality evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic trauma based on AGREE II and AGREE-REX: a systematic review protocol
Authors: He Ling-Xiao , Xie Jing-Ying , Lv Juan , Liu Huan , Liao Deng-Bin , Wang Guang-Lin , Ning Ning , Zhou Zong-Ke 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionOrthopaedic trauma patients are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). As VTE prophylaxis has gradually raised public concerns, guidelines related to this topic have increased over time. However, the existing recommendations of thromboprophylaxis guidelines in orthopaedic trauma patients are still inconsistent, and the quality of the guidelines and recommendations for the topic still lacks comprehensive assessments. This review aims to critically appraise clinical practice guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic trauma patients.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a comprehensive literature search up to 31 October 2022 in databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, etc), academic websites and guideline repositories. The quality of the guidelines and recommendations will be assessed by five reviewers independently using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II instrument (AGREE-II) and the AGREE - Recommendation EXcellence (AGREE-REX). We will summarise the characteristics of the guidelines and compare the differences between these recommendations.Ethics and disseminationThis study will follow the Declaration of Helsinki and has received approval from the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ethics approval no. 2021-989). The results will be summarised as a paper, disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, and will help guide further research in the future.Protocol registration numberCRD42021273405.
Comparing the effectiveness of type of the traditional Chinese exercises, frequency, intensity, time in osteoporosis: a protocol for systematic evaluation and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Zhang Ruikun , Yan Kun , Wang Wenyi , Chen Zhineng , Yao Xinmiao 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAs populations age, osteoporosis has become a hot topic of global public concern. The beneficial effects of traditional Chinese exercises on the musculoskeletal system have been demonstrated. However, previous research findings on osteoporosis are inconsistent, and it is unclear which type of exercise and its frequency and duration have the best effect on osteoporosis. This study aims to investigate the most appropriate exercise modality for people with osteoporosis through systematic evaluation and network meta-analysis to guide clinical practice.Methods and analysisThe Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, China Biomedical Literature, China Knowledge Network, China Science and Technology Journal and Wanfang databases will be searched until January 2022. The language of the articles should be English or Chinese. All clinical randomised controlled trials on the effect of traditional Chinese exercises on osteoporosis will be included. We will use RevMan, Stata and GeMTC software to complete our network meta-analysis. We will perform risk of bias assessment, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to correct the results. Finally, we will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guideline development tool and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA, a new method for assessing CINeMA results) approach to evaluate the reliability of our final results.Ethics and disseminationAll data for this study will be obtained from published studies, so no ethical review will be needed. We will publish the results of the study in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022323622.
Burden of active pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with diabetes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Makuka Gerald Jamberi , Balandya Emmanuel , Munseri Patricia 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors and describe the chest radiographic findings for active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending a diabetic clinic in Tanzania.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA diabetic clinic at Temeke Regional Referral Hospital in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.ParticipantsPatients with diabetes.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence and factors associated with active TB in patients with DM.ResultsAmong 623 patients with DM screened, 11 (1.8%); 95% CI 0.9 to 3.1, had active TB of which 6 (54.5%) were GeneXpert positive and 5 (45.5%) were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and suggestive chest radiographs. The risk of active TB was lower in patients aged 45–64 years compared with age below 45 years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.39, 95% CI (0.11 to 0.42), p=0.001) and in patients with normal chest examination findings compared with patients with crackles or bronchial breathing sounds (aPR 0.02, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.15), p<0.01). The predominant chest radiographic findings were opacification 100% mainly in the upper and mid-lung zones.ConclusionDiabetics should be screened for pulmonary TB, particularly among individuals aged 45 years and below with crackles or bronchial breathing on auscultation of the chest. High index of suspicion could help in the early detection and control of TB.
Risk assessment of occupational skin cancer among outdoor workers in southern Spain: local pilot study
Authors: de Troya Martín Magdalena , Aguilar Sierra , Aguilera-Arjona José , Rivas-Ruiz Francisco , Rodríguez-Martínez Alba , de Castro-Maqueda Guillermo , Cambil-Martín Jacobo , de Gálvez-Aranda Victoria , Blázquez-Sánchez Nuria 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveOverexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main preventable cause of skin cancer. Outdoor workers, exposed to the sun for many hours throughout their working lives, are at special risk. The aim of this study is to determine occupational photoexposure and photoprotection among outdoor workers employed by a municipality in southern Spain.MethodsCross-sectional descriptive study focusing on outdoor workers employed by the municipality of Fuengirola (in areas such as construction, gardening, urban cleaning and beach maintenance). The participants were monitored by personal dosimetry, participated in a dermatological check-up and answered a validated questionnaire (CHACES) on their habits, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure.ResultsThe median effective erythema dose of exposure to solar UV radiation during the working day (n=20) was 379.4 J/m2, equivalent to 3.8 standard erythema doses, almost 3 times higher than the recommended limits for an 8-hour workday. Skin examination (n=128) revealed the presence of actinic lentigines (79.7%), actinic keratoses (8.6%) and skin cancer (3.9%). The CHACES questionnaire (n=128) revealed a sunburn rate of 50.0%. Photoprotection practices were markedly deficient: only 16.7% of the survey respondents sought protection in the shade, 20.3% avoided exposure during the peak exposure hours and 33.1% applied sunscreen.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate UV radiation exposure, occupational sun protection practices, sunburn and actinic injuries of different outdoor workers in one of the sunniest regions of Spain and underlines the need for effective interventions to protect outdoor workers’ health.
Chapter 1. Introduction
Authors: Copestake Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sequence stratigraphy has become a powerful tool in the basin analysis of the North Sea Basin, and will continue to be important in the maximization of the remaining hydrocarbon resources of Jurassic reservoirs in the region, whilst also moving through the energy transition.
This chapter provides background to the main theme of this memoir, which is the description of a revised sequence stratigraphy scheme for the Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous of the region, recognizing 39 stratigraphic sequences (‘J sequences’).
The sequences are illustrated by 85 reference wells (56 UK wells, 22 Norway wells and seven Denmark wells), showing chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, wireline logs and key biostratigraphic markers. The reference wells illustrate sequence development, together with their lower and upper boundaries. Comparisons of the North Sea Jurassic sequences with onshore outcrop sections, from the UK, demonstrate that many of the sequences can be recognized onshore. A comparison of the well sequences with seismic sequences is made in 17 illustrated seismic lines, demonstrating the seismic expression of many of the defined sequences.
The recognition of a consistent set of stratigraphic sequences across the region allows a much better understanding of the development of the whole area during the Jurassic, which is currently hindered by the existence of multiple local and semi-regional lithostratigraphic schemes, in particular the differing notations that are utilized in the various international offshore jurisdictions that exist across the area.
Chapter 8. Controls on North Sea Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous sequence development
Authors: Copestake Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Of 40 recognized Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous sequence boundaries or surfaces, 21 are considered to have had a primary tectonic control on their generation, particularly during the Bathonian–Berriasian interval of synrift-dominated tectonism. These boundaries include the intra-J22 sequence boundary, the base J36, the base J54, the base J55, the intra-J56 transgressive surface, the base J62, the base J63, the base J64, the base J71, the base J73 and the top J76 (‘Base Cretaceous’). In the study area, these events all occurred within a marine setting and none can be unequivocally matched to times of subaerial exposure or coastal onlap. Ten Jurassic sequence surfaces appear to have had a primary eustatic control on their generation, some of which are also associated with the deposition of major marine source-rock facies, including the base J18 and the base J74.
Chapter 4. Sequence stratigraphy scheme for the Middle Jurassic of the North Sea area
Authors: Copestake Philip , Partington Mark A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes Middle Jurassic second-order sequences J20 and J30, and their component third-order sequences, J22–J26 and J32–J36.
The J22 sequence contains the major Intra-Aalenian Unconformity (‘Mid-Cimmerian’) across a wide area of the North Sea Basin and an equivalent event onshore UK. The base J24 (Lower Bajocian) is marked by the Rannoch Shale (Brent Group) and by the flooding of the Ollach Sandstone, Hebrides Basin. The base J26 (Upper Bajocian) ties to the Mid Ness Shale (Brent Group) and the base of the Upper Trigonia Grit Member, central England.
The base J32 (Upper Bajocian) ties to the base of the Tarbert Formation, the base of the Great Oolite Group in central England and the base of the Great Estuarine Group, Hebrides Basin. The base J33 (Middle Bathonian) falls within the Tarbert Formation and the base of the Taynton Limestone, central England. The base J34 (uppermost Middle Bathonian) commonly falls at the top of the Brent Group. The base J36 (uppermost Bathonian) represents a major increase in marine influence, at the base of the Beatrice Formation, in the Inner Moray Firth and at the base of the Staffin Bay Formation, Hebrides Basin.