bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAUL FITELBERG'S FAILED SEDUCTION: WORLDLINESS IN DOKTOR FAUSTUS
Authors: Kontje Todd 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThis essay places Thomas Mann's treatment of the ‘Jewish question’ in the broader context of the artist's relationship to the world. Saul Fitelberg's offer to draw Leverkühn out of isolation engages questions about German national identity at a time when Mann insisted that he represented the true German tradition of cosmopolitan openness, in contrast to the Nazi effort to delimit Germanness to a racial core and eliminate those who threatened to contaminate the body politic. The article exposes multiple ambivalences that cling to the concept of German cosmopolitanism in relation to theories of world literature and the history of European imperialism, and, in doing so, argues for an intersectional approach to the ‘Jewish question’ in Thomas Mann's fiction.
The development of visual attention in early infancy: Insights from a free‐viewing paradigm
Authors: Krieber‐Tomantschger Magdalena , Pokorny Florian B. , Krieber‐Tomantschger Iris , Langmann Laura , Poustka Luise , Zhang Dajie , Treue Stefan , Tanzer Norbert K. , Einspieler Christa , Marschik Peter B. , Körner Christof 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheories of visual attention suggest a cascading development of subfunctions such as alertness, spatial orientation, attention to object features, and endogenous control. Here, we aimed to track infants’ visual developmental steps from a primarily exogenously to more endogenously controlled processing style during their first months of life. In this repeated measures study, 51 infants participated in seven fortnightly assessments at postterm ages of 4–16 weeks. Infants were presented with the same set of static and dynamic paired comparison stimuli in each assessment. Visual behavior was evaluated by a newly introduced scoring scheme. Our results confirmed the suggested visual developmental hierarchy and clearly demonstrated the suitability of our scoring scheme for documenting developmental changes in visual attention during early infancy. Besides the general ontogenetic course of development, we also discuss intra‐ and interindividual differences which may affect single assessments, and highlight the importance of repeated measurements for reliable evaluation of developmental changes.
Detecting persistent one‐sided intervention in foreign exchange markets: A simple test
Authors: Chen Shiu‐Sheng , Wang Jen‐Kuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines currency manipulation policies in foreign exchange markets. In particular, we focus on whether a country has implemented one‐sided interventions that mostly lean against the appreciation wind in foreign exchange markets. Using quarterly data from 1998:Q1 to 2017:Q2 for 10 emerging countries, we find that China, Singapore, and Taiwan engaged in one‐sided interventions. A further rolling regression analysis shows some moderate evidence that Taiwan is the only country conducting one‐sided interventions on a continuing basis.
Taurine supplementation increases survival of functional photoreceptors and decreases glial activation in RCS rats
Authors: Vacas Ana Martínez , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Ortega Alejandro Gallego , Picaud Serge , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Perez Maria Paz Villegas , Garcia‐Ayuso Diego 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the neuroprotective effects of oral taurine administration in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats.MethodsPigmented RCS rats (at postnatal day 21: P21) were administered taurine in drinking water (0.2 M) during 24 days. A group of untreated RCS rats were used as controls. Full field electroretinograms (ERG) in scotopic and photopic conditions, were performed at baseline (P21) and at the end of the study (P45). At this time, the retinas were cross‐sectioned, immunoreacted with antibodies against Iba1, GFAP and S and L/M opsins, and counterstained with DAPI. The number of nuclei rows in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and of microglial cells in each retinal layer was quantified in 24 standard areas (8 per section in 3 sections per animal at 20x).ResultsOral taurine supplementation significantly increased photoreceptor survival, decreased the number of microglial cells in all retinal layers and decreased GFAP immunoreactivity in macroglial cells. Cone and rod ERG responses were also significantly improved in taurine treated animals.ConclusionsOral taurine supplementation increases the survival of functional photoreceptors and decreases micro‐ and macroglial activation in RCS rats.
Diagnostic test accuracy of detection of diabetic macular signs using a hand‐held digital retinal camera at a non‐ophthalmic setting
Authors: Prabhath Piyasena Mapa , Yip Jennifer , Murthy Gudlavalleti V.S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe evidence on technical feasibility sceening for diabetic eye disease (DED) using hand‐held digital retinal cameras is scarce. We aimed to assess dignostic test accuracy (DTA) of screening for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) by trained physician graders in a non‐ophthalmic setting.MethodsWe trained 9 physicians on DED grading using digital imaging and best scored two graders selected for a validation study. 700 people with diabete mellitues (PwDM), and not previously screened or treated for DED were selected from a tertiary level medical clinic. 2‐feild (macular‐centred and disc‐centred) images were captured before and after pupil dilatation using a Visuscout‐100(R) hand‐held retinal camera and graded on‐site by the trained physician graders. The DTA of different levels of DED and DMO was assessed comparing physician’s grading with a retinologist’s clinical examination by mydriatic bio‐microscopy.ResultsSeven hundred eligible PwDM were screened and mean age was 60.8 years (SD ±10.08) and mean duration of DM was 9.9 years (SD ±8.09). Ungradable image proportion in non‐mydriatic imaging was 43.4% and decreased to 12.8% after mydrisis. Sensitivity of detection of any level of DMO was 81.0% (95% CI 73.3–88.7%) for grader‐1 (positive predictive value [PPV] 63.3%) and 75.3% (95% CI 66.8–83.7%) for grader‐2 (PPV 73.8%), using mydriatic imaging, after excluding ungradable images. The specificity was 96.0% (95% CI 94.9–97.1%) for grader‐1 (negative predictive value [NPV] 98.3%) and 97.8% (95% CI 96.9–98.6%) for grader‐2 (NPV 97.9%).ConclusionsSensitivity of DMO detection by physicians using images from a hand‐held retinal camera has limitations and would require further optimization before implementing in a programme. It shows the requirement of combining with 2ry level of referrable criteria, such as a visual acuity cut‐off, for achieving standard level of DTA.
Transcorneal electrical stimulation reduces the annual rate of visual field decline in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Stett Alfred , Schatz Andreas , Franklin Jeremy , Gekeler Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeIn retinitis pigmentosa (RP) the visual field area (VFA) declines exponentially. We investigated whether the annual decline rate (ADR) can be slowed by transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES).MethodsWe conducted an a posteriori analysis of data from 51 adult patients with RP who participated in an interventional, randomized, single‐masked study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01837901; Schatz et al., 2017, IOVS 58(1)). Patients were randomized into 3 groups stimulated with 0 mA (sham stimulation), 150% or 200% of their phosphene threshold, respectively. Over one year, TcES was applied monocularly, 30 min per week with biphasic current pulses (OkuStim, 5 ms each phase, 20 Hz, 0.2 to 1.0 mA). VFA were repeatedly assessed in both eyes (Octopus 900, target V4e). VFA values were normalized to percentage of baseline value, transformed into the natural logarithm, averaged within groups, and subjected to a weighted linear regression analysis. ADR was calculated from the slope of best fit line for both eyes in the sham group (n = 20) and in the treated group (n = 31, 150% and 200% groups pooled).ResultsIn the sham group, for the stimulated eyes the ADR was 8.0% (F‐test for slope: p = 0.011) while for the non‐stimulated eyes it was 9.6% (p = 0.005). In the treated group, for the stimulated eyes the ADR was 3.4% (p = 0.276), and for the non‐stimulated eyes it was 7.0% (p = 0.035). The difference between the ADR in the stimulated and non‐stimulated eyes was evident when only eyes stimulated with >0.8 mA (n = 9) were included. The progression in the stimulated eyes had almost stopped, the ADR was 2.7% (p = 0.397) compared to 9.2% (p = 0.022) in the non‐stimulated eyes. The analysis is limited by data variability, sample size and observation period.ConclusionThe analysis showed that the ADR can be markedly slowed by TcES in a dose‐dependent manner. Thus, regular use of TcES is an effective therapeutic method for slowing or arresting disease progression in RP.
A century of research on calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H): Leaping from structural characterization to nanoengineering
Authors: Basquiroto de Souza Felipe , Sagoe‐Crentsil Kwesi , Duan Wenhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel is the glue of Portland cement that governs most of the physicochemical properties of concrete. Inherently, understanding and controlling its complex gel structure has long been an active area of research and deemed critical to realizing stronger, smarter, and more sustainable cementitious materials. Marking the 100th anniversary of Le Chatelier's publication on C–S–H colloids and crystalloids, here we present an overview of the broader developments in a century of research on C–S–H—covering the initial descriptions of its nanostructure, the onset of nanocharacterization, and molecular simulations to access its intricate texture and, ultimately, the design of nanoengineered ultra‐high‐performance C–S–H‐based materials. Overall, it is noted that further advances in characterization techniques and simulation methods remain pivotal to unraveling the nanoscale features of C–S–H and, thereby, drive the nanoengineering of cement materials at larger scales.
Hydrolysis protection and sintering of aluminum nitride powders with yttria nanofilms
Authors: O'Toole Rebecca J. , Hill Chanel , Buur Peter J. , Bartel Christopher J. , Gump Christopher J. , Musgrave Charles B. , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for electronic substrates and heat sinks. However, AlN powders react with water that adversely affects final part properties and necessitates processing in organic solvents, increasing the cost of AlN parts. Small quantities of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) are commonly added to AlN particles to enable liquid phase sintering. To mitigate the reaction of AlN particles with water, particle atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to coat AlN powders with conformal films of Y2O3 prior to densification and powder processing. When AlN particles were coated with 6 nm thick films of amorphous Y2O3, the hydrolysis reaction was significantly suppressed over 48 h, demonstrating that Y2O3 nanofilms on AlN powders act as a barrier coating in an aqueous solution. AlN powders with Y2O3 addition by particle ALD sintered to high relative densities (≥90% theoretical) after sintering at 1800°C for 50 min.
The emerging roles of exosomal long non‐coding RNAs in bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have been reported to play essential roles as extracellular messengers by transporting goods in various diseases, while their potential roles in bladder cancer (BC) still remain to be further studied. BC exhibits a high degree of chemoresistance and metastatic ability, which may be affected by cancer‐derived exosomes that carry proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, the most studied exosomal molecular cargo is long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA). Although there is increasing interest in its role and function, there is relatively little knowledge about it compared with other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, we have witnessed increasing interest in the role and function of lncRNA. For example, lncRNAs have been studied as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of BC. They may play a role as a therapeutic target in precision medicine, but they may also be directly involved in the characteristics of tumour progression, such as metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and drug resistance. Cancer cells are on chemotherapy acting. The function of lncRNA in various cancer exosomes has not yet been determined. In this review, we summarize the current studies about the prominent roles of exosomal lncRNAs in genome integrity, BC progression and carcinogenic features.
Single‐center, assessor‐blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA‐5520 topical gel in patients with acne scars: A pilot study
Authors: Han Hye Sung , Park Jae Wan , Shin Sun Hye , Yoo Kwang Ho , Sohn Young Sung , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnlike various topical treatment options for acne vulgaris, options for acne scars mostly involve invasive interventions. So far, only a few clinical trials have investigated the effects of topical treatment for acne scars.ObjectivesWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of DA‐5520, a recently developed topical gel for the treatment of different types of acne scars.MethodsA 12‐week prospective, randomized, active‐controlled, evaluator‐blind, single‐center study involving 36 participants with acne scars was performed. Participants were randomized into four different groups at a 1:1:1:1 ratio: laser resurfacing with DA‐5520 application (test 1); laser resurfacing without DA‐5520 application (control 1); comedone extraction with DA‐5520 application (test 2); and comedone extraction without DA‐5520 application (control 2). For 12 weeks, participants in the two test groups applied DA‐5520 twice daily, while participants in the control groups applied moisturizers alone. Participants in the test 1 and control 1 groups received a single session of laser resurfacing at visit 1 (week 0). All participants were followed up at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and objective scar evaluation using the échelle d’évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné (ECCA) score was performed at each visit.ResultsClinical improvement of acne scars, confirmed by the ECCA grading scale (1 for atrophic scar and 2 for hypertrophic scar), was observed after using DA‐5520 when combined with laser resurfacing or individually, and no associated adverse reactions were noted.ConclusionsPreliminary results of this study revealed that DA‐5520 may be a promising new formulation for treating all type of acne scars.
Retrospective evaluation of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria using omalizumab during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Koç Yıldırım Sema , Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Erbağcı Ece 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionOmalizumab (OMZ) is a monoclonal anti‐immunoglobulin E antibody used in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The data about using OMZ during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of having COVID‐19 and relationships between COVID‐19, vaccination, and urticaria symptoms of CSU patients on OMZ.MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 36 adult CSU patients treated with OMZ. Demographic data, the results of COVID‐19 real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and vaccination status were recorded from the electronic medical records.ResultsThirty‐six patients, 23 women, and 13 men were evaluated. The mean age was 45.81 years. Two patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 while using OMZ. Four patients interrupted their OMZ treatment during the pandemic, and OMZ treatments were restarted in all patients. There were 28 patients who had at least one dose of vaccine (inactive and/or mRNA vaccine). Only one patient had an urticaria exacerbation after the first dose of mRNA vaccine.ConclusionAs a result, our findings have shown that omalizumab treatment in CSU patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic does not increase the risk of COVID‐19 infection and omalizumab can be used safely.
Risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with giant cell arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica: A Veterans Health Administration population‐based study in the United States
Authors: Michailidou Despina , Zhang Tianyu , Stamatis Pavlos , Ng Bernard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are systemic inflammatory diseases that primarily affect elderly women.ObjectivesTo compare the risk of thromboembolic events and retinal vascular occlusions in GCA and/or PMR with that in osteoarthritis (OA), evaluating a veteran‐based population.MethodsA total of 1535 patients with GCA, 10,265 with PMR, and 1203 with overlapping disease, as well as 39,009 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with OA were identified in this retrospective study. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), arterial thromboembolism, central retinal artery occlusion, and central retinal vein occlusion were calculated and examined over time. The cumulative incidence was plotted and hazard ratios (HRs) of thromboembolic events were calculated, adjusting for independent risk factors of thromboembolism.ResultsPatients with GCA and overlapping disease exhibited higher IRRs for all thromboembolic events compared to patients with OA. Patients with GCA had a higher risk of developing DVT and retinal vascular occlusions than those with overlapping disease (HR: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–2.99, p < 0.001; HR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.23–4.53, p = 0.009, respectively) or PMR alone (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.50–2.41, p < 0.001; HR: 4.68, 95% CI: 3.10–7.07, p < 0.001, respectively). Patients with GCA had a higher risk of developing PE than those with PMR (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.1–2.18, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe risk of thromboembolic events differs between GCA, PMR, and overlapping diseases. Our findings may help predict the risk of thromboembolic events based on disease phenotype.
Salivary gland papillary adenocarcinoma with intestinal‐like features: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic study of six cases
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Ye , Zhou Chuan‐Xiang , Li Tie‐jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSalivary gland tumors with papillary architecture and intestinal‐like mucinous cytologic features are rare. Their clinicopathologic and genetic features are not fully understood, and whether they represent one separate entity remains unclear.MethodsSix salivary adenocarcinomas with papillary architecture and intestinal‐like mucinous cytologic features were reported. Immunostaining was done for CK7, CK20, CDX2, SOX10, S100, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC. Tumor DNA samples were extracted for Sanger sequencing. Previously reported morphology‐analogous cases were reviewed.ResultsSix cases involved the palate (2), retromolar region (1), submandibular region (1), tongue (1), and mandible (1). Five cases were followed up, with one case of recurrence 1 year after surgery, one death from cerebral infarction 7 days after surgery, and three cases without signs of recurrence or metastasis over 5 years. All cases had abundant mucinous production and presented a typical immunophenotype common to salivary primaries, CK7 & MUC1 positive, CK20 & CDX2 negative. Sanger sequencing demonstrated recurrent AKT1 E17K mutations in four cases (4/6, 66.7%). A review of reported salivary intestinal‐like tumors revealed 3 out of 13 cases presented with papillary morphology and CDX2 negative. Some salivary papillary neoplasms with mucinous cytologic features termed as intraductal papillary neoplasms or mucinous adenocarcinomas were also reported with AKT1 E17K mutations.ConclusionWe describe 6 cases of salivary gland papillary adenocarcinoma with intestinal‐like mucinous cytologic features, which are different from conventional intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma, presenting a consistent immunophenotype of CK7 & MUC1 positive, CK20 & CDX2 negative and exhibiting recurrent AKT1 E17K mutations.
Fathers' infant‐directed speech and its effects on child language development
Authors: Ferjan Ramírez Naja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfant‐directed speech (IDS), a speaking style distinguished by its higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation, has been documented in speech directed towards infants across many cultures and languages. Previous research shows that IDS in the context of parent‐infant interactions is associated with advances in children's language learning. While we have long known that fathers, like mothers, produce IDS, most research on IDS to this day has focussed exclusively on female (maternal) speech. In light of the recent societal changes which have increased fathers' time spent in hands‐on activities with children, I argue that the research on IDS needs to move away from using the maternal template. I first describe why IDS plays a central role in language development. I then outline known similarities and differences between paternal and maternal IDS, and point to potential biases and challenges within the research that has been conducted so far. Finally, I outline why investigators should strive to include fathers in research on IDS, and conclude with recommendations for follow‐up work that can help advance our understanding of fathers' contributions to children's linguistic development.
A food‐based approach could improve dietary adequacy for 12–23‐month‐old Eastern Ugandan children
Authors: Kimere Njeri C. , Nambooze Joweria , Lim Haeun , Bulungu Andrea L.S. , Wellard Kate , Ferguson Elaine. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle is known about dietary adequacy, for young Ugandan children, or context‐specific food choices to improve it. This study estimated the percentage of breastfed 12–23‐month‐old rural Eastern Ugandan children (n = 114) at risk of inadequate intakes of 12 nutrients; and identified realistic food choices for improving it. In this cross‐sectional survey, dietary (weighed food records), anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected. The percentages of children at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes were estimated, assuming 541 g/day of breast milk was consumed. The median nutrient densities of their complementary feeding diets were also compared with desired levels. Linear programming analyses were used to identify ‘problem nutrients’ (where requirements will be difficult to meet given dietary practices) and model food choices to improve dietary adequacy. Overall, 21.2% of children were stunted and 3.8% were wasted. A high percentage (>45%) of children were at risk of inadequate intakes, for nine of the 12 nutrients assessed, and dietary nutrient densities were below desired levels for seven of the 12 nutrients. Iron, calcium, thiamine and niacin were ‘problem nutrients’. Through careful selection of foods, modelling indicates that population level dietary adequacy can be achieved for eight of the 12 nutrients modelled. These choices include cows' milk, legumes, green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes and fruits. Overall results suggest these high percentages of children at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes can be reduced through behaviour change interventions, although additional interventions may be required to ensure population‐level dietary adequacy for iron, thiamine and niacin.