bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus group study on perceptions and information needs regarding vaccines targeting the older population: a cross-country comparison in four European countries
Authors: Wennekes Manuela Dominique , Eilers Renske , Caputo Antonella , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Gavioli Riccardo , Nicoli Francesco , Vokó Zoltán , Timen Aura ,   on behalf of the VITAL Consortium, Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Czwarno Anna , Caputo Antonella , Abelin Atika , Timen Aura , Angelin-Duclos Cristina , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Baron-Papillon Florence , Nicoli Francesco , Wennekes Manuela , Syrochkina Maria , Stein Mart , Stephane Paul , Eilers Renske , Gavioli Riccardo , Quilici Sibilia , Lewin Simon , Sergerie Yan , Vokó Zoltán , van Baarle Debbie , Janimak Jim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing life expectancy leads to more older adults suffering from infectious diseases. Vaccines are available against diverse infections such as influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster and tetanus. However, vaccine acceptance is crucial for optimal preventive effect. The objective of the study is to perform a cross-country analysis of the perceptions and decision-making behaviour of older adults regarding vaccinations and their information needs. Focus groups with older adults were conducted in four countries: France, Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Demographic characteristics of participants were gathered with a questionnaire. Influenza and tetanus vaccines were commonly known, as was the disease influenza. On the contrary, the awareness of the vaccines against pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster were low. Participants also expressed a need for more information on vaccines, such as possible side effects, contra-indications and duration of protection, emphasizing that information is a condition for decision-making on vaccination. General practitioners were found to be the most important in information provision on vaccines. Perceptions on vaccines, such as effectiveness, side effects and safety, as well as perceptions on infectious diseases, such as severity, susceptibility and experiencing an infectious disease, played a role in the decision-making of older adults on vaccines. More awareness of the information needs among older adults with regard to vaccines should be raised among general practitioners and other healthcare providers. This requires appropriate knowledge about the vaccines among healthcare providers as well as communication skills to meet the information needs of older adults.
WHO approves? Relative trust, the WHO, and China’s COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Sheen Greg Chih-Hsin , Tung Hans H. , Wu Chien-Huei , Wu Wen-Chin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to answer a general question: whether an international organization (IO) is able to shape public opinion in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic took hold in early 2020, countries across the globe have switched gear from prevention to vaccination. Most had to not only secure a sufficient supply of vaccines, but also to curb vaccine hesitancy among their populations. Can endorsement by an international organization like the World Health Organization (WHO) enhance a vaccine’s acceptability? Based on a survey experiment conducted in Taiwan, our study leverages the special relationship between China and Taiwan to show that WHO endorsement can induce acceptance of Chinese vaccines among Taiwanese people. However, the effect is found to be contextual in the sense that it only works when people’s trust in the WHO is higher than their trust in the vaccine’s country of origin. Our study not only contributes to the literature of IO legitimacy by empirically showing IOs’ causal effects on public opinion, but also sheds light on how a vaccine’s credibility can be enhanced to promote vaccination uptake.
Developments in the Treatment of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Chen Benson S. , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Newman Nancy J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purposeof Review
To outline the current landscape of treatments for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) along the therapeutic delivery pipeline, exploring the mechanisms of action and evidence for these therapeutic approaches.

Recent Findings
Treatments for LHON can be broadly classified as either mutation-specific or mutation-independent. Mutation-specific therapies aim to correct the underlying mutation through the use of a gene-editing platform or replace the faulty mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein by delivering the wild-type gene using a suitable vector. Recent gene therapy clinical trials assessing the efficacy of allotopically expressed MT-ND4 for the treatment of LHON due to the m.11778G > A mutation in MT-ND4 have shown positive results when treated within 12 months of symptom onset. Mutation-independent therapies can have various downstream targets that aim to improve mitochondrial respiration, reduce mitochondrial stress, inhibit or delay retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and/or promote retinal ganglion cell survival. Idebenone, a synthetic hydrosoluble analogue of co-enzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), is the only approved treatment for LHON. Mutation-independent approaches to gene therapy under pre-clinical investigation for other neurodegenerative disorders may have the potential to benefit patients with LHON.

Summary
Although approved treatments are presently limited, innovations in gene therapy and editing are driving the expansion of the therapeutic delivery pipeline for LHON.
Anaerobic Digestion and Microfiltration of the Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurry: N Mineralization, C-CO2 Emissions and Agricultural Value of the Products
Authors: Fernández-Labrada Miguel , López-Mosquera María Elvira , López-Fabal Adolfo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPig slurry contains valuable nutrients and organic matter, although its high water content makes its management and use as a fertilizer more expensive. It is also an interesting bioenergy resource for biogas production. We propose a treatment that consists of solid–liquid separation followed by the anaerobic digestion of liquid fraction of slurry (LFS) while a microfiltration membrane module concentrates the solids in the digester and removes a liquid fraction of the digestate (LFD). The aims of the work were to evaluate the fertilizer value of the LFS, digestate and concentrated digestate and the possibility of reusing the LFD in agriculture. The LFS contained 72% less dry matter than the slurry. The solid–liquid separation mainly removed N and P. Thanks to microfiltration, the remaining solids were partially recirculated to the digester, concentrating there. To do this, the membrane module continuously removed the LFD, which was made up of 99% water with dissolved elements, mainly C, N, K and Na. The concentrated digestate contained less K, similar amounts of N and P, and more dry matter and C than the initial LFS. The entire slurry treatment affected the mineralization dynamics by increasing recalcitrant C and decreasing labile C without modifying N release. The proposed process allowed taking advantage of the nutrients and stabilized organic matter contained in the LFS, producing a concentrated digestate. LFD did not meet the reclaimed water requirements. However, it could be useful as a fertirrigation solution and a post treatment could be enough to comply with the regulations.
Graphical Abstract
XAINES: Explaining AI with Narratives
Authors: Hartmann Mareike , Du Han , Feldhus Nils , Kruijff-Korbayová Ivana , Sonntag Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly pervasive: Internet of Things, in-car intelligent devices, robots, and virtual assistants, and their large-scale adoption makes it necessary to explain their behaviour, for example to their users who are impacted by their decisions, or to their developers who need to ensure their functionality. This requires, on the one hand, to obtain an accurate representation of the chain of events that caused the system to behave in a certain way (e.g., to make a specific decision). On the other hand, this causal chain needs to be communicated to the users depending on their needs and expectations. In this phase of explanation delivery, allowing interaction between user and model has the potential to improve both model quality and user experience. The XAINES project investigates the explanation of AI systems through narratives targeted to the needs of a specific audience, focusing on two important aspects that are crucial for enabling successful explanation: generating and selecting appropriate explanation content, i.e. the information to be contained in the explanation, and delivering this information to the user in an appropriate way. In this article, we present the project’s roadmap towards enabling the explanation of AI with narratives.
Momordica charantia extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction inhibit the inflammatory pathways
Authors: Kim Ha-Rim , Noh Eun-Mi , Lee Seung-Hyeon , Lee Saerom , Kim Dong Hee , Lee Nam Hyouck , Kim Seon-Young , Park Mi Hee 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Momordica charantia is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family and has traditionally been used for medical nutritional therapy to cure diabetes, and its various biological properties have been reported. However, several studies have demonstrated that M. charantia may exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. In this study, we prepared an M. charantia extract using ultrasound-assisted extraction, which is a green technology, and verified its anti-inflammatory effects.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of M. charantia extract using ultrasound-assisted extraction in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophages and explore the potential mechanism mediated by the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Results
We found that the M. charantia extract was non-toxic up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL in Raw264.7 cells. We verified that treatment with M. charantia extract significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was dramatically increased by treatment with the M. charantia extract. In addition, the phosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which modulates the production of inflammatory proteins, including JNK, ERK, and p38, was reduced by downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the M. charantia extract collected using an industrial ultrasonic system is non-toxic and has an anti-inflammatory effect through regulation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, suggesting that it can act as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Counting points on smooth plane quartics
Authors: Costa Edgar , Harvey David , Sutherland Andrew V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present efficient algorithms for counting points on a smooth plane quartic curve X modulo a prime p. We address both the case where X is defined over $${\mathbb {F}}_p$$

F
p

and the case where X is defined over $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
and p is a prime of good reduction. We consider two approaches for computing $$\#X({\mathbb {F}}_p)$$

#
X
(

F
p

)

, one which runs in $$O(p\log p\log \log p)$$

O
(
p
log
p
log
log
p
)

time using $$O(\log p)$$

O
(
log
p
)

space and one which runs in $$O(p^{1/2}\log ^2p)$$

O
(

p

1
/
2

log
2

p
)

time using $$O(p^{1/2}\log p)$$

O
(

p

1
/
2

log
p
)

space. Both approaches yield algorithms that are faster in practice than existing methods. We also present average polynomial-time algorithms for $$X/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

X
/
Q

that compute $$\#X({\mathbb {F}}_p)$$

#
X
(

F
p

)

for good primes $$p\leqslant N$$

p
⩽
N

in $$O(N\log ^3 N)$$

O
(
N

log
3

N
)

time using O(N) space. These are the first practical implementations of average polynomial-time algorithms for curves that are not cyclic covers of $${\mathbb {P}}^1$$

P

1

, which in combination with previous results addresses all curves of genus $$g\leqslant 3$$

g
⩽
3

. Our algorithms also compute Cartier–Manin/Hasse–Witt matrices that may be of independent interest.
Enabling direct kinetic simulation of dense plasma plume expansion for laser ablation plasma thrusters
Authors: Chan Wai Hong Ronald , Boyd Iain D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaser ablation plasma thrusters are an emerging space propulsion concept that provides promise for lightweight payload delivery. Predicting the lifetime and performance of these thrusters hinges on a comprehensive characterization of the expansion dynamics of the ablated plasma plume. While state-of-the-art techniques for simulating plasmas are often particle-based, a grid-based direct kinetic solver confers advantages in such a transient and inhomogeneous problem by eliminating statistical noise. A direct kinetic solver including interparticle collisions is employed on a plume expansion model problem spanning one dimension each in configuration and velocity space. The high degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium inherent in plume expansion is characterized, justifying the need for a kinetic rather than a hybrid or fluid solver. Thruster-relevant metrics such as the momentum flux are also computed. The plume dynamics are observed to be highly inhomogeneous in space with insufficient time for thermalization in the region preceding the expansion front, and the theoretical possibility of reducing the local grid resolution by up to two orders of magnitude at the far end of the domain is established. These grid-point requirements are verified via the employment of nonuniform grids of various expansion ratios, several of which also employ coarsening in velocity space. Longer domain lengths are explored to characterize thruster-scale phenomena and larger ambient pressures are simulated as a testbed to probe facility effects due to collisions with background particles.
Reproductive advance of fertility preservation in patients with early endometrial carcinoma or endometrial atypical hyperplasia
Authors: Yu Jiao , Zhang Yangyang , Yang Huixia , Xu Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth common cancer in women worldwide with its incidence rising each year. 10%–15% young patients are diagnosed of EC. For patients of childbearing age with early endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia, it is necessary to consider surgical removal of uterus after they have given birth. It is a big challenge for reproductive doctors and oncologists to help such patients get pregnant safely as soon as possible. In this article, we will review the latest progress in conservative treatment and candidates for fertility preservation, application of molecular detection, the fertility outcome and follow-up treatment which aims to stimulate more thinking.
Le développement économique des campagnes romaines dans le nord de la Gaule et l’île de Bretagne
Authors: Reddé Michel 
Published: November 2022

RésuméDeux vastes enquêtes archéologiques récentes sur le monde rural de la Bretagne insulaire et de la Gaule du Nord à l’époque romaine offrent l’occasion de proposer une vision renouvelée des campagnes et de réfléchir sur les modalités de la croissance de l’économie antique dans les provinces du nord-ouest de l’Empire. Il apparaît aujourd’hui que celle-ci s’est appuyée sur un socle protohistorique déjà très solide et que la conquête n’a pas, en elle-même, provoqué des mutations immédiates ou de véritable boom économique. Le développement de l’agriculture s’apparente à un mouvement de long terme qui a atteint son pic au IIe siècle, avant de régresser doucement, ses limites ayant alors probablement été atteintes. L’émergence de la villa romaine, traditionnellement considérée comme le moteur du progrès, s’est faite plus lentement qu’on ne le pensait, et il s’agit maintenant de revenir sur l’opposition classique entre grands domaines réputés productifs et petites fermes vouées à l’autosuffisance. Les deux enquêtes menées de part et d’autre de la Manche ont en outre beaucoup insisté sur la diversité des systèmes agro-pastoraux observés. L’article se propose donc de réexaminer les indices de la croissance à l’aide de divers proxies (densité de l’occupation du sol, volume des greniers, taille des animaux), les possibles facteurs de l’essor économique (démographie en hausse, accroissement de la surface cultivée, méthodes de culture, meilleure productivité, nouveaux marchés) et le rythme du développement, tout en soulignant les limites de celui-ci et la différenciation régionale qui en a résulté.
High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life
Authors: Rodríguez-González Guadalupe L. , De Los Santos Sergio , Méndez-Sánchez Dayana , Reyes-Castro Luis A. , Ibáñez Carlos A. , Canto Patricia , Zambrano Elena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObese mothers’ offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers’ offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5 %-fat) or HFD (maternal obesity (MO)-25 %-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days, offspring were killed. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF v. MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C v. C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF v. C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, which leads to larger metabolic abnormalities.
Bede, Bishops and Bisi of East Anglia: Questions of Chronology and Episcopal Consecration in the Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
Authors: Platts Calum 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThis article examines a contradiction in Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica between Bede’s own claims and the implications of the list of bishops in the conciliar document produced at the Synod of Hertford, concerning the date of Bisi’s consecration. Modern reconstructions of East Anglian episcopal chronology rely on Bede’s account. The article opens by considering Bede’s concern to identify episcopal consecrators, which led to the contradiction. The implications of the Synod of Hertford are then explored for dating East Anglia’s bishops and the consequent impact this has upon interpreting East Anglia’s royal chronology and the evangelization of the kingdom. This further exposes Bede’s motives for writing his history and how he constructed his narrative.
Building National Emergency Medical Teams in West Africa: Lessons Learnt and Challenges (2017-2022)
Authors: Lokossou Virgil Kuassi , Catraye Sedjro Onesime , Sogbossi Lionel 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Initiative is an important mechanism for strengthening surge capacities for clinical care during public health emergencies (PHE) in West Africa. To enhance preparedness, response capacity, and resilience, the West African Health Organization (WAHO) helps countries to establish, manage, and strengthen essential EMT capacities with other partners.Objectives:We describe the EMT capacity-building experience in West Africa and highlight gaps and lessons learnt.Method/Description:We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional assessment using data from regional and national EMT awareness workshops and other activities reports. We also administrated a questionnaire to a convenient sample of EMT stakeholders for identifying challenges and gaps in strengthening EMTs.Results/Outcomes:A total of 14 EMT awareness workshops have been performed in West Africa resulting in on-going implementation national actions plans. Member States were at different levels of implementation of their EMT’s action plan. Only one National EMT is fully operational. The main challenges in EMT implementation included lack of political will, lack of skilled workforce, lack of guidelines for developing SOPs, and inadequate funding for EMT operations. A total of 606 health workers have been trained including 492 males (80.92%). The trainees were public health specialists (44.90%), clinicians (15.80%), support staff (13.65%), and non-health actors (25,66%).Conclusion:Our study highlighted critical challenges to guide the EMT implementation in West Africa. Despite the knowledge gained from the trainings, there is a need to take some urgent actions in West Africa for improving national EMT functionality and performance in West Africa.
Establishing a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) in Papua New Guinea (PNG)
Authors: Nou Garry G. , Casey Sean T. , Balasubramaniam B. Priya L.T. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a Pacific nation of over nine million. It is one of the world’s most diverse nations, with over 800 languages and geographic diversity that includes both tropical islands and highland mountains. Located on the Pacific “ring of fire,” PNG is regularly struck by disasters and outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered multiple deployments of international EMTs to PNG, which were coordinated through a national EMT Coordination Cell. To strengthen rapid, national response to future emergencies, the PNG Government through its National Department of Health is now developing the “PNG EMT.”Objectives:To describe the development of the PNG EMT.Method/Description:PNG’s national EMT development was inspired by multiple international EMT deployments, including the 2018 Highlands earthquake and multiple COVID-19 deployments. With support from WHO, PNG’s National Department of Health led EMT coordination efforts in those responses, and recognized the need for similar capabilities to be developed for national response.Results/Outcomes:To develop the PNG EMT, a focal point was appointed, a national technical working group was formed, and SOPs have been drafted with support from WHO and partners. In consultation with PNG and other Pacific EMTs, WHO is procuring a tailored Pacific EMT cache, including items specifically selected for PNG’s diverse geographic and climactic environments. PNG plans to train team members and be ready for self-sufficient national deployments by late 2022.Conclusion:PNG is strengthening readiness for future emergencies by developing a national EMT capable of rapid response to challenging and austere post-disaster environments.