bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of agnogenic intrahepatic arterioportal fistula complicated by gastric ulcer bleeding and progressive portal thrombosis
Authors: Yang Siwei , Su Tianhao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Yu Jianan , Jin Long 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArterioportal fistulas (APFs) are defined as vascular communications between the systemic arteries and portal circulation. APFs are classified as congenital or acquired, large or small, intrahepatic or extrahepatic, and traumatic or spontaneous. The consistent abnormal connection may result in severe presinusoidal portal hypertension, leading to gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), ascites, elevated liver function enzymes, heart failure, diarrhea, and even pancreatitis or hematobilia in some unusual cases. Indeed, less than half reported cases have GIB, predominately caused by variceal rupture. Peptic ulcer bleeding has rarely been reported in the setting of APFs. Herein, we describe a case in which intrahepatic APF manifested as gastric ulcer bleeding, progressive portal thrombosis, and massive ascites, with these symptoms successfully relieved by endovascular treatment.
Monitoring of Aging of Solid‐Rocket‐Motor HTPB Propellant Grains Using an Electromechanical Impedance Method
Authors: Duan Leiguang , Wang Xueren , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Zhejun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is of great significance to monitor the aging state and evaluate the useful life of stored solid‐rocket‐motor (SRM) propellant grains. In this work, the aging state of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant grains was studied based on the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. The relationship between the complex modulus and the mechanical impedance of viscoelastic material was derived. The finite element analysis of the structure with different moduli was carried out. The results show that the peak value of electromechanical impedance increases with an increase of propellant modulus. This report focuses on experimental research on monitoring the aging of cylindrical SRMs based on the EMI method. It is found that the peak of electromechanical impedance spectrum increases with aging time, while the peak frequency decreases slightly. As an aging damage variable, the root mean squared error (RMSD) of electromechanical impedance increases with aging time, and its growth rate is large at first, then decreases, and finally increases. Finally, a tensile test of aging propellant specimens was carried out, and the results show that the rate of change (ROC) of the modulus can be fit by a linear relationship to the RMSD of the electromechanical impedance.
An Analysis and Calculation Method for One‐Dimensional Balanced Interior Ballistics of a Recoilless Gun
Authors: Jiang Zhonghui , Tao Gang , Li Zhiyu , Wen Peng , Yan Hongmin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe balancing force of the interior ballistics is an important issue in the design of the recoilless gun. It has been found in practice that the balancing force design method for recoilless guns based on the traditional classical interior ballistic theory cannot guide the balance from the physical mechanism and process. In order to study the unbalanced force experienced by the recoilless gun during the firing of the projectile and the variation law of its various parameters with time, the analysis and calculation method of the balanced interior ballistics is proposed in this article. This method separately models the aerodynamic and propellant combustion processes of the recoilless gun, using the characteristic line method to solve the model numerically. This method can be used to predict the change of the unbalanced force acting on the recoilless gun during the projectile firing of the recoilless gun. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by the interior ballistic performance when China 78 type 82 mm recoilless smoothbore gun launches the projectile. The study found that the unbalance impulse generated by the gas inside the barrel fired by the recoilless gun accounts for only 1.5 % of the total recoil impulse, but it has a great influence on the amount of impulse a shooter has can take. This approach provides a better understanding of this complex internal ballistic process, which has important implications for the design and improvements of recoilless guns.
Position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of serine by gas chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and an application to plant metabolism
Authors: Wilkes Elise B. , Sessions Alex L. , Zeichner Sarah S. , Dallas Brooke , Schubert Brian , Jahren A. Hope , Eiler John M. 
Published: June 2022

RationalePosition‐specific 13C/12C ratios within amino acids remain largely unexplored in environmental samples due to methodological limitations. We hypothesized that natural‐abundance isotope patterns in serine may serve as a proxy for plant metabolic fluxes including photorespiration. Here we describe an Orbitrap method optimized for the position‐specific carbon isotope analysis of serine to test our hypothesis and discuss the generalizability of this method to other amino acids.MethodsPosition‐specific carbon isotope ratios of serine were measured using a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ GC Orbitrap™. Amino acids were hydrolyzed from Arabidopsis biomass, purified from potential matrix interferences, and derivatized alongside standards. Derivatized serine (N,O‐bis(trifluoroacetyl)methyl ester) was isolated using gas chromatography, trapped in a reservoir, and purged into the electron ionization source over tens of minutes, producing fragment ions containing different combinations of atoms from the serine‐derivative molecule. The 13C/12C ratios of fragments with monoisotopic masses of 110.0217, 138.0166, and 165.0037 Da were monitored in the mass analyzer and used to calculate position‐specific δ13C values relative to a working standard.ResultsThis methodology constrains position‐specific δ13C values for nanomole amounts of serine isolated from chemically complex mixtures. The δ13C values of fragment ions of serine were characterized with ≤1‰ precisions, leading to propagated standard errors of 0.7–5‰ for each carbon position. Position‐specific δ13C values differed by up to ca 28 ± 5‰ between serine molecules hydrolyzed from plants grown under contrasting pCO2, selected to promote different fluxes through photosynthesis and photorespiration. The method was validated using pure serine standards characterized offline.ConclusionsThis study presents the first Orbitrap‐based measurements of natural‐abundance, position‐specific carbon isotope variation in an amino acid isolated from a biological matrix. We present a method for the precise characterization of isotope ratios in serine and propose applications probing metabolism in plants. We discuss the potential for extending these approaches to other amino acids, paving the way for novel applications.
Targeted Immunoimaging of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages in Orthotopic Glioblastoma by the NIR‐IIb Nanoprobes
Authors: Zhu Hongqin , Ren Feng , Wang Tingting , Jiang Zhilin , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping dynamic and highly sensitive methods for imaging M2‐type tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) is vital for monitoring the tumor progression and assessing the therapeutic efficacy. Here, the fabrication and application of rationally designed Er‐based rare‐earth nanoprobes for the targeted imaging of M2‐type TAMs in glioblastoma (GBM) through the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence beyond 1500 nm is reported. The NIR‐IIb fluorescence of Er‐based rare‐earth nanoparticles can be remarkably enhanced by optimizing their core‐shell structures and the shell thickness, which allows for in vivo imaging under excitation by a 980 nm laser with the lowest power density (40 mW cm‐2). These bright Er‐based nanoparticles functionalized with M2pep polypeptide show notable targeting ability to M2‐type macrophages, which has been well tested in both in vitro and in vivo experiments by their up‐conversion (UC) fluorescence (540 nm) and down‐shifting (DS) fluorescence (1525 nm), respectively. The targeting capability of these nanoprobes in vivo is also demonstrated by the overlap of immunofluorescence of M2‐type TAMs and Arsenazo III staining of rare‐earth ions in tumor tissue. It is envisioned that these nanoprobes can serve as a companion diagnostic tool to dynamically assess the progression and prognosis of GBM.
Intranasal Delivery of BACE1 siRNA and Rapamycin by Dual Targets Modified Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Yang Xiaotong , Yang Wenqin , Xia Xue , Lei Ting , Yang Zhihang , Jia Wenfeng , Zhou Yang , Cheng Guo , Gao Huile 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), as a progressive and irreversible brain disorder, remains the most universal neurodegenerative disease. No effective therapeutic methods are established yet due to the hindrance of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the complex pathological condition of AD. Therefore, a multifunctional nanocarrier (Rapa@DAK/siRNA) for AD treatment is constructed to achieve small interfering RNA of β‐site precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE1 siRNA) and rapamycin co‐delivery into the brain, based on Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and β‐amyploid (Aβ)‐binding peptides (KLVFF) modified PEGylated dendrigraft poly‐l‐lysines (DGLs) via intranasal administration. Nasal administration provides an effective way to deliver drugs directly into the brain through the nose‐to‐brain pathway. AAL, specifically binding to L‐fucose located in the olfactory epithelium, endows Rapa@DAK/siRNA with high brain entry efficiency through intranasal administration. KLVFF peptide as an Aβ targeting ligand and aggregation inhibitor enables nanoparticles to bind with Aβ, inhibit Aβ aggregation, and reduce toxicity. Meanwhile, the release of BACE1 siRNA and rapamycin is confirmed to reduce BACE1 expression, promote autophagy, and reduce Aβ deposition. Rapa@DAK/siRNA is verified to improve the cognition of transgenic AD mice after intranasal administration. Collectively, the multifunctional nanocarrier provides an effective and potential intranasal avenue for combination therapy of AD.
Cx‐CP‐ABE: Context‐aware attribute‐based access control schema and blockchain technology to ensure scalable and efficient health data privacy
Authors: Annane Boubakeur , Alti Adel , Laouamer Lamri , Reffad Hamza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNowadays, advancements in health technology have characterized modern illness diagnosis methods in the global healthcare system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has received a large number of respiratory disease patients in recent years, resulting in billions of personal health records (PHRs) being created and transmitted via cloud with the aim of taking precautions and restricting the disease. The transmission of PHR through Internet has generated significant security and privacy concerns for the global health care system. Furthermore, the potential change in the patient's health situation at any time needs immediate and secure healthcare access. For robust authentication and optimal confidentiality, it is necessary to reinforce the access control policies. As a result, various security schemes have been developed but lack efficiency while deploying cloud‐based e‐health applications, where the cloud providers are honest but curious and may obtain sensitive data without the consent of users. In this article, we present a new security scheme for e‐health mobile applications based on hybrid cipher text‐policy attribute access control, blockchain, and context‐awareness (Cx‐CP‐ABE). The approach is based on reinforcing security policies pertaining to the continuous evolution of the patient's state and context changes and the improvement of the patient's data confidentiality. The proposed security scheme has been evaluated under various patient contexts, and its performance has been measured in terms of sensitivity, number of health attributes, and execution time.
Chronic oesophagitis, oesophageal laceration and gastritis in a Dalmatian after ingestion of medium‐density fibreboard
Authors: Cruzado Perez Judith , Di Bella Andrea , Juvet Florence 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, male, neutered Dalmatian was evaluated as an emergency due to retching, hypersalivation and haematemesis, which developed after ingestion of medium‐density fibreboard. Radiographs of the neck, thorax and abdomen revealed gas tracking within the cervical oesophageal wall. Endoscopy revealed changes suggestive of severe generalised oesophagitis, oesophageal laceration in caudal oesophagus and gastritis. Treatment with prokinetics, antiemetics, gastroprotectants and antibiotics was administered. However, progressive regurgitation noticed 4 weeks after discharge prompted a second endoscopy, which excluded oesophageal stricture but confirmed persistent severe oesophagitis. Aspiration pneumonia occurred 4 weeks later after an episode of suspected regurgitation secondary to quick ingestion of food. Five months after initial presentation, hand‐feeding from a height and administration of metoclopramide and omeprazole were still required to prevent retching and regurgitation. Therefore, permanent damage to the oesophagus associated with ingestion of medium‐density fibreboard was suspected.
Machine learning in vadose zone hydrology: A flashback
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad , Pachepsky Yakov 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have been recently applied extensively in various disciplines of vadose zone hydrology. However, not much attention has been paid to their database‐dependent accuracy and uncertainty, reproducibility, and delivery, which undermines their applications to real‐world problems. We discuss lessons from the past and emphasize the need for and lack of fundamental protocols (i.e., detailed clarification on data processing, ML models accessibility, and a clear path for reproducing results).
On the Subjective Well-Being of University Students: Religious Capital and Experiences of Discrimination
Authors: Meijer Clara Marlijn , Klingenberg Maria , Lagerström Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies suggest that being part of a minority group is associated with increased exposure to stress, but what happens if we also account for the effect of religion? This chapter explores minority stress in relation to expectations that religion as capital would positively affect subjective well-being. It is based on the survey data from the project Young Adults and Religion in a Global Perspective. Subjective discrimination and public- and private religious activity are explored in relation to subjective well-being and religious capital. Our data covers a variety of national contexts and allows for an interdisciplinary approach to minority stress theory. The findings suggest that multiple causes of discrimination are associated with lower levels of subjective well-being independent of national context. However, religious capital has different impacts on subjective well-being dependent on national context. The chapter concludes with a reflection on these results, on single and multiple causes of discrimination and the relation to religious capital and suggestions for future research.
The Role of Religion in Society and Public Life: Perspectives Among Young Adults in Post-Communist Russia and Poland
Authors: Vrublevskaya Polina , Moberg Marcus , Sztajer Sławomir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing the collapse of the Communist system in the early 1990s, past decades have witnessed the re-institution of the Russian Orthodox Church in Russia and the Polish Catholic Church in Poland. As a crucial part of these developments, both churches have significantly increased their presence throughout several areas of public life and established ever-closer relations to their respective states and political establishments. This paper applies Jose Casanova’s conception of public religion to frame how these tendencies are perceived and experienced by the present young adult generation in Poland and Russia. The analysis of the Russian and Polish young adults’ views on the present-day role of religion in the wider society and public life reveal several concerns about the current church-state relations in both countries. Without necessarily taking a negative stance towards religion or religious traditions as such, respondents mostly expressed their views on the public role of religion in society through three interrelated main discourses: a discourse of differentiation, a discourse of diversity and plurality, and a discourse of tradition and modernity. In general, narratives are built upon the prevalent discursive formations on individual rights and freedoms as the natural and taken-for-granted states of affairs in modern democratic societies.
The Global Variation of Non-religious Worldviews
Authors: Kontala Janne , Lassander Mika , Klingenberg Maria , Keysar Ariela , Lagerström Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the worldviews and values from a pooled data of non-religious young adults undergoing higher education from 12 countries. From an initial pool of 559, 75 respondents were chosen based on screening questions on religious identity and belonging. The exploration of worldview prototypes is done through utilizing Faith Q-Sort. The emerging worldview prototypes are interpreted further with the survey data, most importantly the ratings of different types of motivational values. The values survey is based on the Portrait Values Questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that there are several non-religious outlooks that can accommodate openness towards religion or spirituality. Their only common ground is that they do not consistently reject all aspects of religion. The values of the non-religious respondents were in line with previous studies with self-direction values, but diverged by placing high value on benevolence. Interesting differences between the value profiles of the different non-religious outlook types were discovered, pointing to the relevance of taking into account the outlook variety internal to non-religion.
Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development in the European Alps: Spatial Patterns and Mountain-Lowland Relationships
Authors: Schirpke Uta 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementMountain regions provide various goods and services to people such as fresh water, timber, climate regulation, and recreation. This chapter illustrates the spatial distribution of eight key ecosystem services across the European Alps and adjacent lowland areas and analyses linkages with sustainability. The results indicate important spatial mismatches between (semi-)natural mountain environments and densely populated lowlands and between ecosystem services and sustainability. More attention should be paid on transportation processes and human well-being across different spatial scales to support the sustainable development of mountain socio-ecological systems.
Urban Green Spaces in a Post-Apartheid City: Challenges and Opportunities for Nature-based Solutions
Authors: Giombini Valentina , Thorn Jessica P. R. 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementCities in sub-Saharan countries are simultaneously facing climate change, rapid urbanisation, and social inequalities. Nature-based Solutions harness nature’s benefits to address these environmental, social, and economic challenges. In this study, we investigate how taking into account temporal dynamics and multiple values of nature helps to implement better Nature-based Solutions. Through satellite images and interviews with practitioners and residents, we look at how green spaces and dry riverbeds are distributed, managed, and perceived in the capital city of Namibia, south-western Africa. We find that apartheid spatial segregation legacies persist through the unequal distribution of urban green spaces, and that, although their current management limits their capacity to deliver benefits, riverbeds have the potential to support sustainable development and climate change adaptation.
Green Infrastructure and Social Perception of Its Ecosystem Services Within Spatial Structure of the City – Examples from Poznań, Poland
Authors: Zwierzchowska Iwona , Stępniewska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementThe structure of the city and related composition and configuration of green infrastructure (GI) translate into supply and distribution of ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, we aimed to recognize the social perception of ES at the background of the spatial structure (from the dense centre to the rural-like suburbs) based on a case study of Poznań city in Poland. The findings revealed that although distribution and types of GI vary among main urban zones, inhabitants appreciate the cultural ES of GI regardless of its type or location. They expressed the demand for enhancement of recreational ES and the importance of accessibility to the green spaces. The study also emphasised the complex trade-offs between cultural and regulating ES highlighting the role of ES-oriented planning.
Socio-ecological Transformations in Coastal Wetlands: An Approach from the South-Central Zone of Chile
Authors: Ruiz Vannia , Hermosilla Katherine , Martínez Carolina , de la Barrera Francisco 
Published: June 2022

Significance StatementThe increase in the world population has generated high pressures on the different ecosystems, mainly due to the expansion of urban areas and productive activities such as agriculture. Coastal wetlands are among the most affected ecosystems, which due to their geographical location are highly fragile and susceptible to changes and pressures. The aims of this research are focus on (1) Making a comparison regarding to the changes experienced in two similar coastal wetlands with actual protection measures (one Ramsar site and national reserve since 1996 and another declared a nature sanctuary in 2017). (2) evaluating the main transformations in both wetlands, as socio-ecological systems, from human activity and the extent of public policies that can be generated that go around the protection of these ecosystems.
Becoming Successful in the Business and Law Sectors: Institutional Structures and Individual Resources
Authors: Keskiner Elif , Lang Christine , Konyali Ali , Rezai Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the increasing number of descendants of migrants completing higher education and accessing labour market positions in higher ranks than their parents. Yet the pathways of the descendants of migrants vary across professional sectors. This chapter focuses on the pathways and experiences of members of the Turkish second generation in the business and law sectors in Germany and France. The chapter analyses the trajectories of these young people to reach their current positions and highlights the interplay between institutional structures and the resources that respondents relied on and accumulated in the different sectors and countries. The analysis is based on data collected through qualitative interviews conducted in Germany as part of the Pathways to Success Project and in France for the ELITES Project.
Creating a Robot-Supported Education Solution for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schulz Trenton , Skeide Fuglerud Kristin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce the ROSA project that aims to provide robot supported education in the areas of communication, language, and emotion for children with autism spectrum disorder. The background for the project is reviewed and the basic idea and components of the ROSA toolbox is presented. The initial project activities of the project so far have focused on ethical issues with having a robot assist in teaching children with autism, possible mechanisms for motivation, and performing an initial introduction of the robot to some classes. These activities have provided a good grounding for the future project work.