bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evolution and antigenic drift of type 3 iVDPVs excreted from a patient with immunodeficiency in Ningxia, China
Authors: Fan Qin , Ma Jiangtao , Li Xiaolei , Jorba Jaume , Yuan Fang , Zhu Hui , Hu Lan , Song Yang , Wang Dongyan , Zhu Shuangli , Yan Dongmei , Chen Hui , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 2.5‐year‐old pediatric patient with acute flaccid paralysis was diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency (PID) in Ningxia Province, China, in 2011. Twelve consecutive stool specimens were collected from the patient over a period of 10 months (18 February 2011 to 20 November 2011), and 12 immunodeficiency vaccine‐derived poliovirus (iVDPV) strains (CHN15017‐1 to CHN15017‐12) were subsequently isolated. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the plaque‐purified iVDPVs revealed 2%–3.5% VP1‐region differences from their parental Sabin 3 strain. Full‐length genome sequencing showed they were all Sabin 3/Sabin 1 recombinants, sharing a common 2C‐region crossover site, and the two key determinants of attenuation (U472C in the 5′ untranslated region and T2493C in the VP1 region) had reverted. Temperature‐sensitive experiments demonstrated that the first two iVDPV strains partially retained the temperature‐sensitive phenotype's nature, while the subsequent ten iVDPV strains distinctly lost it, possibly associated with increased neurovirulence. Nineteen amino‐acid substitutions were detected between 12 iVDPVs and the parental Sabin strain, of which only one (K1419R) was found on the subsequent 10 iVDPV isolates, suggesting this site's potential as a temperature‐sensitive determination site. A Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain phylogenetic analysis based on the P1 coding region yielded a mean iVDPV evolutionary rate of 1.02 × 10−2 total substitutions/site/year, and the initial oral‐polio‐vaccine dose was presumably administered around June 2009. Our findings provide valuable information regarding the genetic structure, high‐temperature growth sensitivity, and antigenic properties of iVDPVs following long‐term evolution in a single PID patient, thus augmenting the currently limited knowledge regarding the dynamic changes and evolutionary pathway of iVDPV populations with PID during long‐term global replication.
Involvement of intestinal flora and miRNA into the mechanism of coarse grains improving type 2 diabetes: an overview
Authors: Deng Xu , Niu Li , Xiao Jing , Guo Qianqian , Liang Jiayi , Tang Jiayu , Liu Xuebo , Xiao Chunxia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing at an increasing rate worldwide. Dietary therapy is probably the easiest and least expensive method to prevent and treat diabetes. Previous studies have reported that coarse grains have anti‐diabetic effects. Although considerable efforts have been made on the anti‐diabetic function of different grains, the mechanisms of coarse grains on type 2 diabetes have not been systematically compared and summarized so far. Intestinal flora, reported as the main ‘organ’ of action underlying coarse grains, is an important factor in the alleviation of type 2 diabetes by coarse grains. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA), as a new disease marker and ‘dark nutrient’, plays a likely influential role in cross‐border communication among coarse grains, intestinal flora, and hosts. Given this context, this article reviews several possible mechanisms for the role of coarse grains on diabetes, incorporating resistance to inflammation and oxidative stress, repair of insulin signaling and β‐cell dysfunction, and highlights the regulation of intestinal flora disorders and miRNAs expression, along with some novel insights. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Adverse events of coblation or microdebrider in pediatric adenoidectomy: A retrospective analysis in 468 patients
Authors: Liu Tiancong , Ji Chao , Sun Yang , Bai Weiliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that can cause serious complications if not treated in time. Adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy is the most important first line surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. The aim of this study was to compare the differences between these two surgical procedures for adenoidectomy in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, proportion of patients experiencing postoperative delayed hemorrhage, and incidence of adverse events.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective systematic analysis of patient data using the in‐house electronic patient records and considered a 2‐year period from 2016 to 2017. In total, 468 patients who underwent adenoidectomy under nasal endoscopy with coblation or microdebrider were identified.ResultsThe coblation adenoidectomy technique was associated with significantly reduced blood loss and operation time. However, incidence of fever, neck pain, and halitosis were significantly lower in the microdebrider adenoidectomy group (p < .01). The difference in the postoperative primary and secondary hemorrhage between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > .05).ConclusionCoblation adenoidectomy had a significantly higher incidence of adverse events such as halitosis, neck pain, and fever. Therefore, otorhinolaryngologists should consider the differences in adverse events when selecting use of coblation adenoidectomy for pediatric patients.Level of EvidenceIV
Influence of terrigenous supply from the African continent on sedimentary CaCO3 distribution in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Luo Yiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTerrigenous materials are transported to the ocean via various pathways, which can modify the weight contents of calcium carbonate (wt% CaCO3) in marine sediment and mask CaCO3 dissolution profiles, especially in ocean margins. Although the effect of terrigenous dilution on marine CaCO3 has long been established, there is still a lack of quantitative assessment on how the terrigenous input shapes sedimentary CaCO3 depth distribution features. In this study, we focus on the CaCO3 depth distribution patterns on the seafloor in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Based on an up‐to‐date compilation of surficial sedimentary CaCO3 content data and a simple conceptual model, the regional dilution effect of terrigenous supply from the African continent on the basinal sedimentary CaCO3 depth distribution is quantified. Our results show that the flux of noncarbonate materials needed to reproduce the carbonate distribution decreases with distance to the African continent. The noncarbonate flux to pelagic sediment in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is on the same order of magnitude of the dust deposition rate, while the flux to marginal sediment is intensified as a consequence of the fluvial discharge. Moreover, enhanced dissolution of CaCO3 is found in marginal regions, which is due to faster rates of deep (boundary) currents than those in the pelagic ocean. These new insights help to distinguish the dilution impact from carbonate dissolution patterns and will advance research on land–ocean interaction and paleoclimate/environment reconstructions in ocean margins.
Using mass spectrometry‐based methods to understand amyloid formation and inhibition of alpha‐synuclein and amyloid beta
Authors: Wagner Wesley J. , Gross Michael L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmyloid fibrils, insoluble β‐sheets structures that arise from protein misfolding, are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Many small molecules have been investigated to prevent amyloid fibrils from forming; however, there are currently no therapeutics to combat these diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) is proving to be effective for studying the high order structure (HOS) of aggregating proteins and for determining structural changes accompanying protein–inhibitor interactions. When combined with native MS (nMS), gas‐phase ion mobility, protein footprinting, and chemical cross‐linking, MS can afford regional and sometimes amino acid spatial resolution of the aggregating protein. The spatial resolution is greater than typical low‐resolution spectroscopic, calorimetric, and the traditional ThT fluorescence methods used in amyloid research today. High‐resolution approaches can struggle when investigating protein aggregation, as the proteins exist as complex oligomeric mixtures of many sizes and several conformations or polymorphs. Thus, MS is positioned to complement both high‐ and low‐resolution approaches to studying amyloid fibril formation and protein–inhibitor interactions. This review covers basics in MS paired with ion mobility, continuous hydrogen‐deuterium exchange (continuous HDX), pulsed hydrogen‐deuterium exchange (pulsed HDX), fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) and other irreversible labeling methods, and chemical cross‐linking. We then review the applications of these approaches to studying amyloid‐prone proteins with a focus on amyloid beta and alpha‐synuclein. Another focus is the determination of protein–inhibitor interactions. The expectation is that MS will bring new insights to amyloid formation and thereby play an important role to prevent their formation.
On the genesis and dynamics of Madden–Julian oscillation‐like structure formed by equatorial adjustment of localized heating
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Zhao Bowen , Petri Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBy means of a new multilayer pseudo‐spectral moist‐convective thermal rotating shallow‐water (mcTRSW) model in a full sphere, we present a possible equatorial adjustment beyond Gill's mechanism for the genesis and dynamics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). According to this theory, an eastward‐propagating MJO‐like structure can be generated in a self‐sustained and self‐propelled manner due to nonlinear relaxation (adjustment) of a large‐scale positive buoyancy anomaly, depressed anomaly, or a combination of these, as soon as this anomaly reaches a critical threshold in the presence of moist convection at the Equator. This MJO‐like episode possesses a convectively coupled “hybrid structure” that consists of a “quasi‐equatorial modon” with an enhanced vortex pair and a convectively coupled baroclinic Kelvin wave (BKW), with greater phase speed than that of dipolar structure on an intraseasonal time‐scale. Interaction of the BKW, after circumnavigating the entire Equator, with a new large‐scale buoyancy anomaly may contribute to excitation of a recurrent generation of the next cycle of MJO‐like structure. Overall, the generated “hybrid structure” captures a few of the crudest features of the MJO, including its quadrupolar structure, convective activity, condensation patterns, vorticity field, phase speed, and westerly and easterly inflows in the lower and upper troposphere. Although moisture‐fed convection is a necessary condition for the “hybrid structure” to be excited and maintained in the proposed theory in this study, it is fundamentally different from moisture‐mode theories, because the barotropic equatorial modon and BKW also exist in “dry” environments, while there are no similar “dry” dynamical basic structures in moisture‐mode theories. The proposed theory can therefore be a possible mechanism to explain the genesis and backbone structure of the MJO and to converge some theories that previously seemed divergent.
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination‐induced acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Saito Mikako , Ando Masahiro , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination. Clinicians should be aware of this COVID‐19 vaccination‐induced AE in IPF
Early Identification of Children with Dyslexia: Variables Differentially Predict Poor Reading Versus Unexpected Poor Reading
Authors: Wagner Richard K. , Lonigan Christopher J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTDefinitions of dyslexia typically make reference to unexpected poor reading, although how best to operationalize unexpected remains an issue. When operationally defined as reading below expectations based on the level of oral language, cases of unexpected poor reading make up fewer than half of cases of poor reading, and cases of unexpected poor reading occur throughout the range of reading proficiency. An implication is that what optimally predicts poor reading may not optimally predict unexpected poor reading. The goal of the three presented studies was to test this implication empirically. In Study 1, a model‐based meta‐analysis, phonological awareness accounted for 40% of the variance in decoding but only 1% of the variance in decoding that was unexpected based on level of vocabulary. Conversely, unexpected phonological awareness accounted for 34% of the variance in unexpected decoding but only 1% of the variance in decoding. An analogous pattern of results occurred for reading comprehension. In Study 2, a study of 766 children in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade, latent variables were used to represent oral vocabulary, phonological awareness, and decoding. As was seen in Study 1, unexpected decoding was better predicted by unexpected phonological awareness than by phonological awareness. In Study 3, a longitudinal study of 1025 children followed from preschool through grade 2, the pattern of results mirrored those of Studies 1 and 2. An important implication of these studies is that typical assessments may be better at identifying poor reading than they are at identifying unexpected poor reading or dyslexia.
Mechanically Ultra‐Robust, Elastic, Conductive, and Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogel for a Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Flexible/Wearable Sensor
Authors: Long Yong , Wang Zhuo , Xu Fan , Jiang Bin , Xiao Junfeng , Yang Jun , Wang Zhong Lin , Hu Weiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlexibility/wearable electronics such as strain/pressure sensors in human–machine interactions (HMI) are highly developed nowadays. However, challenges remain because of the lack of flexibility, fatigue resistance, and versatility, leading to mechanical damage to device materials during practical applications. In this work, a triple‐network conductive hydrogel is fabricated by combining 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with two kinds of 1D polymer chains, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol. The Ti3C2Tx nanosheets act as the crosslinkers, which combine the two polymer chains of PAM and PVA via hydrogen bonds. Such a unique structure endows the hydrogel (MPP‐hydrogel) with merits such as mechanical ultra‐robust, super‐elasticity, and excellent fatigue resistance. More importantly, the introduced Ti3C2Tx nanosheets not only enhance the hydrogel's conductivity but help form double electric layers (DELs) between the MXene nanosheets and the free water molecules inside the MPP‐hydrogel. When the MPP‐hydrogel is used as the electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator (MPP‐TENG), due to the dynamic balance of the DELs under the initial potential difference generated from the contact electrification as the driving force, an enhanced electrical output of the TENG is generated. Moreover, flexible strain/pressure sensors for tiny and low‐frequency human motion detection are achieved. This work demonstrates a promising flexible electronic material for e‐skin and HMI.
Electrochemical Sulfite‐Ion Sensor Using Sm2CuO4‐Based Layered Perovskite‐Type Oxide Thick Film
Authors: Shinoda Yasunari , Takase Satoko , Shimizu Youichi 
Published: October 2022

Sm2−xCexBO4 (x = 0, 0.1; B = Fe, Cu) thick films were prepared by an electrophoretic deposition method and applied as sulfite‐ion (SO32−) sensors. Among the oxides, Sm1.9Ce0.1CuO4 showed good amperometric response to sulfite ions in the ion concentration range between 1.0 × 10−5 and 1.0 × 10−4 M at 30 °C. The applied potential to the electrode should be one of the key factors of high selectivity, and the relatively low potential of +0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl was found to be optimal for the detection of sulfite ions. Good sulfite‐ion sensing should be enabled by Cu+ in Sm1.9Ce0.1CuO4 where SO32− is easily adsorbed. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mathematical modeling of inhomogeneous electric field impact on a liquid crystal layer
Authors: Sadovskii Vladimir M. , Sadovskaya Oxana V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe authors analyze the Fréedericksz transition phenomenon of reorientation of molecules in the plane liquid crystal layer in inhomogeneous electric field generated by parallel plate capacitor using the Oseen–Frank mathematical model. The capacitor is a set of short metal plates periodically located on both sides of the extended liquid crystal layer, connected in series in two circuits. When electric charges of different signs appear on opposite plates of the capacitor, the electric field in the periodicity cell turns out to be significantly inhomogeneous both in length and in thickness of the layer. Governing equations of the model represent Euler's variational equations in the problem on minimization of the potential energy of liquid crystal. Numerical solution of the equations uses the authorial variational difference scheme. The Laplace equation for electric potential in the exterior of the liquid crystal layer is solved using the method of lines. The electric field and the patterns of orientation angles of molecules inside the layer are determined by iterating with numerical solution of Poisson's equation using the fast Fourier transform at each iteration step. The algorithm is implemented by means of CUDA technology for computing systems with graphics accelerators. The scale of the mesh to ensure the computation accuracy is selected from calculation of Tsvetkov's order parameter in a rectangular cell pattern. Verification of the algorithm and program is implemented by way of comparing the computational results and the exact solution of the problem on the homogenous electric field with the constant initial orientation angle of liquid crystal molecules. The computations accomplished yield the patterns of the electric potentials and orientation angles of molecules depending on the position of the capacitor plates at uniform and s‐shaped initial distribution of the orientation angles through the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
Liver, visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women of South Asian and white European descent: a systematic review and meta-analysis of new and published data
Authors: Iliodromiti Stamatina , McLaren James , Ghouri Nazim , Miller Melissa R. , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Linge Jennifer , Ballantyne Stuart , Platt Jonathan , Foster John , Hanvey Scott , Gujral Unjali P. , Kanaya Alka , Sattar Naveed , Lumsden Mary Ann , Gill Jason M. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
South Asians have a two- to fivefold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those of white European descent. Greater central adiposity and storage of fat in deeper or ectopic depots are potential contributing mechanisms. We collated existing and new data on the amount of subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and liver fat in adults of South Asian and white European descent to provide a robust assessment of potential ethnic differences in these factors.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of the Embase and PubMed databases from inception to August 2021. Unpublished imaging data were also included. The weighted standardised mean difference (SMD) for each adiposity measure was estimated using random-effects models. The quality of the studies was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool for risk of bias and overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The study was pre-registered with the OSF Registries (https://osf.io/w5bf9).

Results
We summarised imaging data on SAT, VAT and liver fat from eight published and three previously unpublished datasets, including a total of 1156 South Asian and 2891 white European men, and 697 South Asian and 2271 white European women. Despite South Asian men having a mean BMI approximately 0.5–0.7 kg/m2 lower than white European men (depending on the comparison), nine studies showed 0.34 SMD (95% CI 0.12, 0.55; I2=83%) more SAT and seven studies showed 0.56 SMD (95% CI 0.14, 0.98; I2=93%) more liver fat, but nine studies had similar VAT (−0.03 SMD; 95% CI −0.24, 0.19; I2=85%) compared with their white European counterparts. South Asian women had an approximately 0.9 kg/m2 lower BMI but 0.31 SMD (95% CI 0.14, 0.48; I2=53%) more liver fat than their white European counterparts in five studies. Subcutaneous fat levels (0.03 SMD; 95% CI −0.17, 0.23; I2=72%) and VAT levels (0.04 SMD; 95% CI −0.16, 0.24; I2=71%) did not differ significantly between ethnic groups in eight studies of women.

Conclusions/interpretation
South Asian men and women appear to store more ectopic fat in the liver compared with their white European counterparts with similar BMI levels. Given the emerging understanding of the importance of liver fat in diabetes pathogenesis, these findings help explain the greater diabetes risks in South Asians.

Funding
There was no primary direct funding for undertaking the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Graphical abstract
Trajectories of generalized anxiety disorder, major depression and change in quality of life in adults aged 50 + : findings from a longitudinal analysis using representative, population-based data from Ireland
Authors: Hohls Johanna Katharina , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the longitudinal association between trajectories (incidence, remission) of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression (MD) and change in quality of life (QoL) in adults aged 50 + , and to assess the symmetry in these relationships using observational study data.

Methods
Data were derived from two waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (2014–2015, wave 3: n = 6400; 2016, wave 4: n = 5715), a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged 50 +. GAD and MD were assessed by means of the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. QoL outcomes were assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale (CASP-12 with two domains control/autonomy and self-realization/pleasure). Covariate-adjusted, asymmetric fixed effects panel regressions and post-estimation Wald tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Regarding incident disorders, only incident MD was significantly associated with a reduction in QoL over time (control/autonomy domain: b = − 0.74, SE: 0.30). Regarding remission, both remission of MD (b = 0.61, SE: 0.20) and remission of GAD (b = 0.61, 0.26) were significantly associated with an increase in the self-realization/pleasure domain over time. Subsequent Wald tests of the estimates were not significant, indicating symmetric effects.

Conclusion
Particularly the remission of GAD and MD was associated with a significant improvement in one of the QoL domains, indicating domain- and trajectory-specific differences. However, symmetric effects observed in this study indicate that gains and losses in QoL associated with remission and incidence of GAD and MD are of similar magnitude in adults aged 50 +.