bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Localized Rainfall Patterns on Landslide Occurrence: A Case Study of Southern Hiroshima with XRAIN Data During the July 2018 Heavy Rain Disasters
Authors: Maria Dos Santos Rodrigues Neto José , Bhandary Netra Prakash 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The landslide problem in Japan was exemplified by the July 2018 landslides and flood disasters in Southwestern Japan induced by extremely heavy rainfall. In this study, GIS and other analytical platforms were utilized to analyze landslide distribution patterns in the July 2018 heavy rain disasters around the city of Kure (Southern Hiroshima) in conjunction with chronological XRAIN (eXtended Radar Information Network) radar-acquired localized rainfall data in order to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between rainfall characteristics and landslide probability and to investigate the potentials of radar-acquired rainfall data in landslide susceptibility study approaches. Analysis of the rainfall data demonstrates that mean annual precipitation in the whole study area ranges between 2,004 mm and 2,961 mm, with an average of about 2,152 mm for the whole extension of the area. Observation of the spatial distribution of rainfall volumes throughout the sampled years shows that rainfall is remarkably localized, with higher values concentrated on elevated areas. It is observed, however, that the peak rainfall volumes are not so closely related to landslide occurrence. Analysis of event rainfall from the July 2018 disasters determines that landslide-inducing rainfall started from 8:30 AM on July 5th and continued with a mean intensity of 7.8 mm/h for about 47 hours until 7:30 AM of July 7th, accumulating to up to 368 mm in total and that there were two intensity peaks, one around 7:30 PM on the night of July 6th, and another one around 4:30 AM on July 7th. These two events are associated with particularly high landslide activity, which indicates that landslide activation is related to peak intensity rainfall combined with accumulated continuous precipitation. This study demonstrates a clear association of landslide activity with heavy rainfall both in spatial and chronological aspects, weighing into the evidence that rainfall intensity, timing, and spatial distribution are true of vital relevance for landslide occurrence.
A review on the interplay between bioeconomy and soil organic carbon stocks maintenance.
Authors: Andrade Christhel , Albers Ariane , Zamora-Ledezma Ezequiel , Hamelin Lorie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Crop residues potential for the bioeconomy is often limited under the basis of avoiding prospective soil organic carbon depletion. However, when processed in the bioeconomy the biomass carbon can be partially recovered in a stabilized degradation-resistant state in the coproducts. This study interlinks the theoretical basis between the coproducts’ characteristics and behavior in soils and the use of soil models to predict the effect of replacing crop residues with bioeconomy coproducts. Stemming from a revision of over 600 datasets we defined conversion coefficients from biomass C to coproduct (Cc) and their inherent recalcitrance in soils (CR) for pyrolysis (Cc: 48%, CR: 95%) and gasification biochar (Cc: 20%, CR: 95%), hydrochar (Cc: 31%, CR: 83%), digestate (Cc: 36%, CR: 68%) and lignocellulosic bioethanol solid (Cc: 44%, CR: 42%) and liquid (Cc: 21%, CR: 46%) coproducts. Different approaches to incorporate stabilized organic matter in soil models were investigated as well as the data requirements of a variety of soil models to set the basis for model adaptation in a dynamic harvest – return of C to explore future scenarios involving the coproducts return as a strategy to increase the bioeconomy feedstock provision while ensuring the maintenance of SOC sotcks.
Patient-specific brain arteries molded as a flexible phantom model using 3D printed water-soluble resin
Authors: Nilsson Daniel , Holmgren Madelene , Holmlund Petter , Wåhlin Anders , Eklund Anders , Dahlberg Tobias , Wiklund Krister , Andersson Magnus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Visualizing medical images from a patient as physical 3D-models (phantom models) has potential roles in the medical field, from education to preclinical preparation and clinical research. However, current phantom models are generally generic, expensive, and time-consuming to fabricate. Thus, there is a need for a cost-and time-efficient pipeline from medical imaging to patient-specific phantom models. In this work, we present a method for creating complex 3D sacrificial molds using an off-the-shelf water-soluble resin and a low-cost desktop 3D printer. This enables us to recreate parts of the cerebral arterial tree as a full-scale flow device (10x6x4 cm) in transparent silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) from computed tomography angiography images (CTA). We analyze the channels with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them with the original patient data. The results show good conformity and smooth surface finish for the arteries. Also, we evaluate our method by looking at its capability to reproduce 1 mm channels and sharp corners. We find that round shapes are well reproduced, whereas sharp features show some divergence. Our method can fabricate patient-specific phantom model with less than 2 hours of total labor time and at a low fabrication cost.
Metagenome-Predicted Growth Rate And Metatranscriptomic Analysis Reveal A Slow Growth Rate Of And High Butyrate Formation By Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii In The Rumen Of Low Methane-Emitting Sheep
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Lin Shili , Yu Zhongtang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Methane emissions from ruminants contribute to global warming and lead to energy loss from the ingested feed. Reducing methane emissions while increasing feed efficiency is one of the most important challenges facing the livestock industry. Previous studies have reported differences in lactate-metabolizing bacteria in the rumen between low-methane yield (LMY) and high-methane yield (HMY) sheep. It was hypothesized that methane emissions might also be related to the growth of certain bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the growth and metabolism of rumen bacteria and methane emissions in sheep.Results: The growth rates of 21 species-level and 12 genera-level rumen bacterial populations were predicted based on the peak-to-trough ratio of their metagenomic sequences that were generated from two groups of sheep differing in methane yield (LMY vs. HMY). The growth rate of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was found to be significantly different between the LMY sheep and the HMY sheep. The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii was significantly lower in the LMY sheep than the HMY sheep, whereas the relative abundance of Intestinibaculum porci and Megasphaera elsdenii was significantly higher in the LMY sheep than the HMY sheep. Metatranscriptomic analysis showed that in the LMY sheep the expression of energy-related genes of F. prausnitzii, including those involved in butyrate production, was significantly upregulated compared to the HMY sheep. Conclusions: The current study revealed a negative association between the growth rate of F. prausnitzii in the rumen and methane yield in sheep and between the growth rate of F. prausnitzii and the expression of its genes involved in energy metabolism including butyrate production. Our result also showed enrichment of lactate-producing bacteria (i.e., I. porci) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (i.e., M. elsdenii) in the LMY sheep. Together with the reported metabolic response of F. prausnitzii to lactic acid bacteria, our study corroborates the association between lactate-metabolizing bacteria and methane emissions via promoting butyrate production. M. elsdenii, I. porci, and F. prausnitzii may serve as biomarkers of methane yield from sheep, and possibly other ruminants.
Effect of biochar on water migration to improve acidified soil
Authors: Lu Jikai , Luo Yina , Huang Junlin , Hou Bingyan , Wang Bing , Ogino Kenji , Zhao Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the intensification of human activities, soil acidification has become a very serious threat to crop yield and food security. From a practical application perspective, this study used biochar to improve acidified soil. The concept of molded soil was put forward to examine the soil improvement effect of biochar. The changes in soil hydrological parameters suggested that biochar application improved the structure of acidified soil. The volumetric water content and vertical permeability coefficient of soil were improved to different degrees. In addition to increased soil moisture content due to biochar adsorption of soil micro-aggregates, biochar application improved the oxidation stability of soil organic carbon and promoted the formation of water-stable macro-aggregates. The molded soil showed little difference with acidified soil and was found representative and suitable for indoor small-scale regular exploratory experiments. This study found that leaching may promote the migration of acidic ions enhancing the biochar improvement efficiency of acidified soil, however, the phenomenon needs further study. This study provides theoretical support for acidified soil water retention, fertilizer conservation, obstacle elimination, productivity improvement of farmland, and reduction of groundwater non-point source pollution.
Outcome of Orthopaedics Treatment of Lombok Earthquake Victim 2018: A Cross sectional study-lesson learned from Lombok earthquake
Authors: Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Kamal Achmad Fauzi , Prabowo Yogi , Anshori Fahmi , Kekalih Aria , Febrianto Rudi , Purnaning Dyah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In earthquakes, there is often an imbalance between overcrowding in hospitals and inadequate resources. The initial management of earthquake victims with musculoskeletal injuries is controversial; whether debridement, external or internal fixation, conservative or operative treatment in an acute onset disaster setting. This study aim is to determine the radiological and clinical outcome after orthopaedic treatment in the Lombok earthquake of 2018 for one year follow-up.Result: Significant difference between ORIF (Open reduction internal fixation) and non-ORIF of the Union Rate result (P = 0.021) with ORIF group has a higher rate of Union than non-ORIF group, but the incidence of infection only appeared in the ORIF group (23.5%). There were significant differences in the clinical outcome of SF 36 general health (P = 0.042) and health changes (P = 0.039) and the ORIF group had lower mean general health and health change clinical outcomes than the non-ORIF groupConclusion: The population group that received the ORIF procedure had better radiological outcomes than the non-ORIF group, however, the ORIF group had lower clinical outcomes of infection and SF-36 than the non-ORIF group. It is recommended to perform debridement and external fixation for open fracture type and conservative treatment for closed fracture in an acute onset disaster setting or evacuation in case immediate treatment is needed urgently. Definitive treatment in acute onset disaster setting should be prevented.
2D Stream Depletion Problem in a Sloping Aquifer
Authors: Kankarej Manisha M. , Bansal Rajeev 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Most of the analytical approaches for estimation of pumping induced drawdown and stream depletion are based on idealistic assumptions that the aquifer is resting on a perfectly horizontal base. In this research, new analytical expressions are derived and demonstrated to estimate stream depletion rate in response to uniform drawdown by a well. The mathematical set up consists of an unconfined aquifer resting on a sloping bed and hydrologically connected with a partially penetrating stream and an extraction well in the domain of the aquifer. The proposed analytical solution are obtained by using Laplace, Fourier and their inverse transforms. The solution developed herein is an advancement of the Hunt’s analytical solution and can be used as screening tool for measuring stream depletion rate in sloping terrains. The results indicate that the analytical solution developed herein predicts significantly different rate of stream depletion from that of Hantush and Hunt model primarily due to the fact that the current study accounts for the bed slope of the aquifer.
Factors on Development and Severity of Acute Radiodermatitis: Prospective Single-Centre Study
Authors: İnan Gonca Altınışık , Arslan Alaettin , Aral İpek Pınar , Arslan Suheyla Aytaç 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Although prior literature has examined the treatment and patient-associated factors affecting the development and severity of acute radiodermatitis, there are relatively few prospective studies evaluating both.Aims and Objectives: This study was prospectively designed to evaluate factors affecting the development and extent of radiation-induced acute skin toxicity called radiodermatitis (RD).Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) in Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital between 20.06.2016 and 21.10.2017 were evaluated. Patients' demographic status, disease/treatment details, anemia, and diabetic profile tests’ (hemoglobin, ferritin, folic acid, Vit B12, and hemoglobin A1c) were recorded. The development and the degree of RD were assessed weekly by treating radiation oncologists using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiation toxicity manual.Results: The development of any grade of RD was not significantly affected by gender, concurrent chemotherapy (CT), pre-RT CT, the comorbid disease, RT technic, and anemia & diabetic profile tests’ values. The development of grade 2-3 RD was significantly affected by the number of operations (p = 0.032) and total dose of RT (p = 0.008). The starting dose for RD is 20 Gy in patients with grade 2-3 RD and 32 Gy in patients with grade 1 RD (p = 0.018).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between RD and anemia/diabetic profile parameters. The severity of RD was associated with recurrent surgical intervention, total dose, and early onset of RD.
China’s regional ecological environment risk assessment over space and time
Authors: Dou Xiangsheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To fulfill the United Nations’ Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals, China has been adopting strict environmental protection policies. However, it is necessary to make a correct quantitative evaluation on the effect of the policy in order to lay the foundation for further relevant policies and actions in the future. To this end, this paper constructs a composite ecological environment risk index, and uses relevant socio-economic and ecological environment data of China’s provincial regions to quantitatively analyze their ecological environment risks. Furthermore, this paper constructs a panel data model to empirically test the key factors that lead to ecological environment risks. The study finds that, at least at this stage, the ecological environment risks in various provincial regions in China are still relatively high, and the key factors that lead to the risks are economic growth, urbanization development, secondary industry growth and green policy. Therefore, China has to adopt more stringent ecological environment protection policies and actions in the future.
Predicting the humification degree of multiple organic solid waste during composting using a designated bacterial community
Authors: Yang Hong-Yu , Zhang Shu-Bo , Meng Han-Han , Zhao Yue , Wei Zi-Min , Zheng Guang-Ren , Wang Xue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Microbes are the drivers for disposing of organic solid waste (OSW) during composting. Moreover, humus is a multipurpose biological macromolecule synthesized by microorganisms during composting. Here, we investigated the humification degree (HD), and the humus content was assessed in terms of the bacterial community. Microbial sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were combined to analyze the biological characteristics of 105 composting samples. The bacterial communities were useful indicators for making predictions and even correctly determined the categories of OSWs with 94% accuracy. Furthermore, the bacterial genera screened were designated as a bacterial code. The bacterial codes can also provide a better prediction of HD. Our results suggested that the bacteria code is a reliable biological method to assess HD effectively. Bacterial codes can be used as ecological and biological indicators to evaluate the quality of composting of different materials.
Pairwise Control In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Flocking
Authors: Liu Jintao , He Ming , Luo Ling , Liu Qiang , Zou Mingguang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the natural phenomenon that pair-bonded jackdaws fly together within a flock, a new cooperative model and control method with pairwise structure in the swarm flocking is proposed to perform proximity missions such as air refueling, data exchange and coordinated operations of two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm. A noval square-law error sliding mode surface and variable structure sliding mode controller are proposed, so that any two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm could converge to a specified relative distance. Based on this, the distributed control protocol is designed that integrates pairwise distance control and flocking control. It enables unmanned aerial vehicles to be paired in the swarm without disrupting the consensus of the entire swarm. Finally, two theorems are proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. The distance between paired unmanned aerial vehicles is exponentially convergent, and the swarm flocking is collision free. Swarm flight simulations based on particle motion model with number from 20 to 100 are respectively presented, as well as 10 unmanned aerial vehicles swarm flight simulations with quadrotor dynamics model. The simulation experiments have sufficiently verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The results show that distance control could still be achieved in the extreme case that the paired unmanned aerial vehicles are at the farthest corners of the swarm.
Potential for Front of Pack Labeling Exposure to Impact US Dietary Choices: a Population-based Cross-sectional Study Using NHANES 2017-2018
Authors: Roark Elizabeth Kozitza , Rehm Colin D , Sherry Christina L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Although front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPL) schemes have proliferated as a strategy to help improve population-wide dietary intakes in recent years, the proportion and elements of the diet subject to FOPL have not been described in population-based data. This study sought to quantify the proportion of the US diet in terms of dietary energy that would be subject to FOPL and what aspects of the diet would be more or less impacted by FOPL.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 7,121 participants age≥2y who completed a 24-hour dietary recall as part of the nationally-representative 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). From the 24-hour dietary recall, foods/beverages that would be subject to FOPL were identified from food composition and ingredients tables. The proportion of dietary energy subject to FOPL was estimated overall and by population sub-group in terms of socio-demographics, dietary/lifestyle factors and health status. The proportion of dietary intakes for key macronutrients, micronutrients and food groups subject to versus not subject to FOPL was also estimated. Survey-weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and Wald tests were used to assess the statistical significance of differences.Results: Overall, 57% of dietary energy would be subject to FOPL and a u-shaped pattern was observed with age (lowest exposure among those 20-34y). Socio-demographic differences in exposure to FOPL were modest. Individuals consuming more away-from-home meals had significantly lower exposure to FOPL (65.1%E vs. 45.5% comparing individuals with ≤1 to ≥6 meals not home prepared in the past week). Adults with a healthy weight had greater exposure to FOPL than adults who are overweight or obese. Dramatic differences in the sources of key dietary constituents were observed. Specifically, protein, sodium, potassium, whole fruit, vegetables, and unprocessed meats were less subject to FOPL as compared to total sugars, added sugars, calcium, fruit juice, milk, yogurt, nuts/seeds and whole grains that were more subject to FOPL. Conclusion: FOPL may have limited reach for the US diet and demonstrates some inconsistencies with current dietary guidance regarding the under and over-representation of key food groups and nutrients.
Land-use change dynamics and urban growth simulations in a medium-sized city of Mangaluru, India through CA-based SLEUTH urban growth model
Authors: K Dhanaraj , Jain Gaurav V , Angadi Dasharatha P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the context of rapid urban growth in the small and medium-sized cities of developing countries, the current work attempts to calibrate the CA-based SLEUTH urban growth model to and predict urban growth for the first time in a medium-sized city of Mangaluru in southern India. The city has experienced a rapid urban growth in recent times. The current study uses the mixed methodology approach by incorporating the application of remote sensing, GIS, spatial metrics and urban growth model to map, quantify, analyse and predict urban growth dynamics of Mangaluru during the period from 2000 to 2031. The analysis of classified historical urban growth during 2000 to 2020 shows that there is a consistent increase of urban area in Mangaluru. Further, the spatial metrics used to quantify the pattern of urban growth for the historical and predicted years shows that the city is growing aggregated with several growth centres around the city. The SLEUTH model, calibrated using the historical urban area of 2000–2016, to predict urban growth for the year 2031. The urban growth simulation from SLEUTH shows slope resistance, spread and road gravity are the foremost factors influencing urban growth in Mangaluru. The urban area is expected to increase by 6895Ha from 11984Ha in 2020 to 18880Ha by 2031. The growth is expected to reduce in the eastern part due to the resistance effect of slope. The validation of the model output establishes it as acceptable but found limitation to simulate the small patchy and scattered urban growth in the outskirt of the city. The use of spatial metrics along with the SLEUTH urban growth modeling can be useful for the better understanding of the urban growth process and would therefore aid urban planners to manage the future urban growth sustainably.