bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the strategic use of product modularity for market entry
Authors: Arrieta Jose Pablo , Fontana Roberto , Brusoni Stefano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We model the conditions under which firms should enter the market with modular products that support multiple standards instead of an integral product that supports a single standard. Product modularity enables firms to broaden their portfolios and increase their chances of investing in the “right” technologies early in a technology cycle. Entry with integral products instead occurs later in the cycle. We test the model’s predictions on a sample of the Local Area Network industry entrants during the 1990s.
Effects of poverty on mental health in the UK working-age population: causal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Thomson Rachel M , Kopasker Daniel , Leyland Alastair , Pearce Anna , Katikireddi S Vittal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Addressing poverty through taxation or welfare policies is likely important for public mental health; however, few studies assess poverty’s effects using causal epidemiology. We estimated the effect of poverty on mental health.

Methods
We used data on working-age adults (25–64 years) from nine waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (2009–19; n = 45 497/observations = 202 207 following multiple imputation). We defined poverty as a household equivalized income &lt;60% median, and the outcome likely common mental disorder (CMD) as a General Health Questionnaire-12 score ≥4. We used double-robust marginal structural modelling with inverse probability of treatment weights to generate absolute and relative effects. Supplementary analyses separated transitions into/out of poverty, and stratified by gender, education, and age. We quantified potential impact through population attributable fractions (PAFs) with bootstrapped standard errors.

Results
Good balance of confounders was achieved between exposure groups, with 45 830 observations (22.65%) reporting poverty. The absolute effect of poverty on CMD prevalence was 2.15% [%-point change; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 2.84]; prevalence in those unexposed was 20.59% (95% CI 20.29%, 20.88%), and the odds ratio was 1.17 (95% CI 1.12, 1.24). There was a larger absolute effect for transitions into poverty [2.46% (95% CI 1.56, 3.36)] than transitions out of poverty [–1.49% (95% CI –2.46, –0.53)]. Effects were also slightly larger in women than men [2.34% (95% CI 1.41, 3.26) versus 1.73% (95% CI 0.72, 2.74)]. The PAF for moving into poverty was 6.34% (95% CI 4.23, 8.45).

Conclusions
PAFs derived from our causal estimates suggest moves into poverty account for just over 6% of the burden of CMD in the UK working-age population, with larger effects in women.
Retinoic acid receptor activity is required for the maintenance of type 1 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Asahi Takuma , Abe Shinya , Tajika Yuya , Rodewald Hans-Reimer , Sexl Veronika , Takeshima Hiroshi , Ikuta Koichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGroup 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs) are innate immune effectors critical for the response to intracellular pathogens and tumors. G1-ILCs comprise circulating natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident type 1 ILCs (ILC1s). ILC1s mainly reside in barrier tissues and provide the initial sources of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to prime the protecting responses against infections, which are followed by the response of recruited NK cells. Despite such distribution differences, whether local environmental factors influence the behavior of NK cells and ILC1s is unclear. Here, we show that the signaling of retinoic acid (RA), active metabolites of vitamin A, is essential for the maintenance of ILC1s in the periphery. Mice expressing RARα403, a truncated form of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) that exerts dominant negative activity, in a lymphoid cell- or G1-ILC-specific manner showed remarkable reductions of peripheral ILC1s while NK cells were unaffected. Lymphoid cell-specific inhibition of RAR activity resulted in the reduction of PD-1+ ILC progenitors (ILCPs), but not of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), suggesting the impaired commitment and differentiation of ILC1s. Transcriptome analysis revealed that RARα403-expressing ILC1s exhibited impaired proliferative states and declined expression of effector molecules. Thus, our findings demonstrate that cell-intrinsic RA signaling is required for the homeostasis and the functionality of ILC1s, which may present RA as critical environmental cue targeting local type 1 immunity against infection and cancer.
The madness of misperceptions: evaluating the ways anger contributes to misinformed beliefs
Authors: Carnahan Dustin , Ahn Suhwoo , Turner Monique Mitchell 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrawing from established theoretical traditions in cognitive consistency, motivated reasoning, heuristic–systematic processing, and the anger-activism model, we extend existing work linking anger with misperceptions by specifying three distinct ways anger might contribute to the formation of misperceptions: Increasing reliance on partisan heuristics, influencing political information-seeking behavior, and moderating the influence of partisan media exposure. Analyzing data from an original survey administered nationally via Qualtrics Panels during the first impeachment trial of President Donald Trump in January 2020, results indicate that high-anger partisans were more likely to express belief in claims supportive of their party and critical of the other party, regardless of the veracity of those claims. Further, anger was also linked with greater use of pro-attitudinal information sources and avoidance of counterattitudinal sources, with these differences in partisan media consumption subsequently influencing factual beliefs. However, we found no evidence that anger moderated the relationship between partisan media exposure and factual beliefs. We explore the implications of these findings in a political era defined increasingly by the experience of anger.
18F-FDG PET/CT scan standardised uptake value (SUV) score for diagnosis, staging and monitoring malignancy in spinal melanotic schwannoma
Authors: Haleem Shahnawaz , Mahmoud Mohamed H , Singh Kainth Gurvinder , Botchu Rajesh , Hassan Md Faizul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare nerve sheath neuroectodermal neoplasm. We highlight the use of F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positive emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) standardised uptake value (SUV) results in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of spinal MS. A 58-year-old female patient had a 6-month history of left leg pain (S1) and no skin lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging reported a possible schwannoma with CT-guided biopsy, indicating a metastatic malignant melanoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed only sacral destruction and an SUV score of 3.6. Histopathology results confirmed a malignant melanotic peripheral nerve sheath tumour (schwannoma). In MS, the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan SUV cut-off point can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, whereas (SUVmax) can predict the histologic response and therefore useful as a ‘screening test’. Our case highlights the increased uptake on PET/CT by melanocytic variant of neurogenic tumours and clinicians need to be aware of this.
Plant terminators: the unsung heroes of gene expression
Authors: de Felippes Felipe F , Waterhouse Peter M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo be properly expressed, genes need to be accompanied by a terminator, a region downstream of the coding sequence that contains the information necessary for the maturation of the mRNA 3ʹ end. The main event in this process is the addition of a poly(A) tail at the 3ʹ end of the new transcript, a critical step in mRNA biology that has important consequences for the expression of genes. Here, we review the mechanism leading to cleavage and polyadenylation of newly transcribed mRNAs and how this process can affect the final levels of gene expression. We give special attention to an aspect often overlooked, the effect that different terminators can have on the expression of genes. We also discuss some exciting findings connecting the choice of terminator to the biogenesis of small RNAs, which are a central part of one of the most important mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in plants.
Growth dynamics of brain metastases differentiate radiation necrosis from recurrence
Authors: Ocaña-Tienda Beatriz , Pérez-Beteta Julián , Molina-García David , Asenjo Beatriz , Ortiz de Mendivil Ana , Albillo David , Pérez-Romasanta Luís A , González del Portillo Elisabeth , Llorente Manuel , Carballo Natalia , Arana Estanislao , Pérez-García Víctor M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Radiation necrosis (RN) is a frequent adverse event after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) or single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of brain metastases (BMs). It is difficult to distinguish RN from progressive disease (PD) due to their similarities in the magnetic resonance images. Previous theoretical studies have hypothesized that RN could have faster, although transient, growth dynamics after FSRT/SRS, but no study has proven that hypothesis using patient data. Thus, we hypothesized that lesion size time dynamics obtained from growth laws fitted with data from sequential volumetric measurements on magnetic resonance images may help in discriminating recurrent BMs from RN events.

Methods
A total of 101 BMs from different institutions, growing after FSRT/SRS (60 PDs and 41 RNs) in 86 patients, displaying growth for at least 3 consecutive MRI follow-ups were selected for the study from a database of 1031 BMs. The 3 parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth law were determined for each BM and used to discriminate statistically PDs from RNs.

Results
Growth exponents in patients with RNs were found to be substantially larger than those of PD, due to the faster, although transient, dynamics of inflammatory processes. Statistically significant differences (P &lt; .001) were found between both groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.76) supported the ability of the growth law exponent to classify the events.

Conclusions
Growth law exponents obtained from sequential longitudinal magnetic resonance images after FSRT/SRS can be used as a complementary tool in the differential diagnosis between RN and PD.
Influence of ergonomic factors on peripheral neuropathy under HAV exposure
Authors: Schulze D G , Nilsen K B , Clemm T , Grotle M , Zwart J A , Ulvestad B , Nordby K C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Hand–arm vibration (HAV) is a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). It is unclear how ergonomic factors influence the relationship between HAV exposure and CTS and UNE.

Aims
We aimed to assess the relationship between cumulative HAV exposure and CTS and UNE in workers exposed to HAV from two tools with different ergonomic profiles.

Methods
We performed nerve conduction studies (NCSs) of the sensory and motor median and ulnar nerves and recorded symptoms indicating CTS and UNE in workers exposed to HAV from impact wrenches or from rock drills. Exposure was measured as cumulative lifetime exposure. We used linear regression adjusted for age and body mass index to assess linear relationships.

Results
Sixty-five workers participated (33 rock drill and 32 impact wrench operators). We found inverse linear associations between cumulative HAV exposure and median nerve sensory conduction velocity in impact wrench operators and ulnar nerve motor conduction velocity in rock drill operators (beta of 0.63 and 0.75). Based on NCS findings and symptoms, seven impact wrench operators had CTS and one UNE, and four rock drill operators had CTS and six UNE.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ergonomic factors influence the development of CTS and UNE under HAV exposure. The ergonomic profile seems to influence which type of neuropathy workers exposed to HAV will develop. Design of occupational exposure guidelines and future studies should be based on ergonomic profile and exposure characteristics for different tools and not merely HAV.
Single chloroplast in folio imaging sheds light on photosystem energy redistribution during state transitions
Authors: Verhoeven Dana , van Amerongen Herbert , Wientjes Emilie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven by light absorption in photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). A balanced excitation pressure between PSI and PSII is required for optimal photosynthetic efficiency. State transitions serve to keep this balance. If PSII is overexcited in plants and green algae, a mobile pool of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) associates with PSI, increasing its absorption cross-section and restoring the excitation balance. This is called state 2. Upon PSI overexcitation, this LHCII pool moves to PSII, leading to state 1. Whether the association/dissociation of LHCII with the photosystems occurs between thylakoid grana and thylakoid stroma lamellae during state transitions or within the same thylakoid region remains unclear. Furthermore, although state transitions are thought to be accompanied by changes in thylakoid macro-organization, this has never been observed directly in functional leaves. In this work, we used confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging to quantify state transitions in single Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplasts in folio with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. The change in excitation-energy distribution between PSI and PSII was investigated at a range of excitation wavelengths between 475 and 665 nm. For all excitation wavelengths, the PSI/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio was higher in state 2 than in state 1. We next imaged the local PSI/(PSI + PSII) excitation ratio for single chloroplasts in both states. The data indicated that LHCII indeed migrates between the grana and stroma lamellae during state transitions. Finally, fluorescence intensity images revealed that thylakoid macro-organization is largely unaffected by state transitions. This single chloroplast in folio imaging method will help in understanding how plants adjust their photosynthetic machinery to ever-changing light conditions.
“Since You’re So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart”: Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium
Authors: Böhm Michael J , Metzger Daniel , Strömberg Per 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Financial sector wages have increased extraordinarily over the last decades. We address two potential explanations for this increase: (1) rising demand for talent and (2) firms sharing rents with their employees. Matching administrative data of Swedish workers, which include unique measures of individual talent, with financial information on their employers, we find no evidence that talent in finance improved, neither on average nor at the top. The increase in relative finance wages is present across talent and education levels, which together can explain at most 20% of it. In contrast, rising financial sector profits that are shared with employees account for up to half of the relative wage increase. The limited labour supply response may partly be explained by the importance of early-career entry and social connections in finance. Our findings alleviate concerns about “brain drain” into finance but suggest that finance workers have captured rising rents over time.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale for Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cognitive Interviewing Study
Authors: Kim Sue , Kim Inah , Glynn Nancy W. , Jang Min Kyeong 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Fatigability—the perception of fatigue contextualized to activities of fixed intensity and duration—has received growing attention in oncology research.

Objectives:
This study aimed to translate and linguistically validate a Korean-language version of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale.

Methods:
Following the Linguistic Validation Manual for Health Outcome Assessment, we applied a multistage cognitive interviewing (CI) method to ensure accurate translation and interpretation of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. After forward and backward translation were completed, 3 rounds of CI regarding the translated instrument were performed with 18 participants having or not having breast cancer.

Results:
The first round of CI showed that 7 items of the 10-item Korean-language instrument required revision to reflect the physical abilities of breast cancer patients with similar levels of physical activity. After the second round, 2 additional items were revised to reflect the cultural context and gender roles. During the third round, all participants exhibited full understanding of the Korean-language instrument.

Conclusions:
The translated instrument, its quality enriched by cross-cultural linguistic validation in combination with CI, can be effectively used to assess perceived physical and mental fatigability.

Implications for Practice:
Use of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale can facilitate oncology nurses’ assessment of perceived fatigue levels in cancer patients and can expand understanding of how patients’ fatigue perceptions are related to their exercise capacity.

Foundational:
This study is valuable as an example of how a multistage CI process can be effectively applied in cross-cultural oncology research.
Illuminating Black, Hispanic, and Asian Women’s Breast Cancer-related Cognitive Impairment Symptom Experience: An Integrative Review
Authors: Dunovan Shanon G. , Zak Roksana , Lally Robin M. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) affects up to 75% of breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Biopsychosocial stressors contribute to CRCI. Thus, given the socioeconomic disparities and discrimination experienced by racial/ethnically minoritized women in the Unites States, it is important to understand how these women experience CRCI when diagnosed with breast cancer.

Objective:
To synthesize and evaluate published literature from 2000 to 2021 addressing the CRCI symptom experience throughout breast cancer survivorship for racial/ethnically minoritized women in the United States.

Methods:
Systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus and review following Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology.

Results:
Of 970 identified articles, 13 were included. Literature primarily focused on Black BCSs. Black and Hispanic BCSs were more likely than White BCSs to experience cognitive impairment pre- and postchemotherapy. Black BCSs consistently perceived greater CRCI than White BCSs contributing to overall symptom burden and challenging quality of life.

Conclusions:
Studies describing the CRCI experience of Black, Hispanic, and Asian American BCSs are limited with few focused on CRCI as the primary variable of interest, delineating minoritized women’s data from others’, or assessing via neurological batteries or brain imaging, pointing to gaps in this field.

Implications for Practice:
Health practitioners should assess Black, Hispanic, and Asian BCSs for CRCI throughout their cancer trajectory and intervene to reduce the contribution of co-occurring symptoms and institutional racism to CRCI.

What is Foundational:
This review identifies knowledge gaps and limitations in the existing body of evidence to support future research on CRCI among Black, Hispanic, and Asian BCSs.
Implementation of the National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in the Thabachweu Region of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Themba Mamoraka H. , Yazbek Mariatha , Loots Theodor 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The South African National Cervical Cancer Prevention Programme offers three free cervical cytology smears to all women over the age of 30 years at 10-year intervals. The cumulative screening coverage is around 13.7%. Women still present at tertiary institutions with advanced stage cervical cancer.

Objective:
To quantify the implementation of the National Guideline for Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in the Thabachweu region of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Methods:
An audit tool was used to select a stratified random sample with proportional allocation of 102 of the 1172 weekly clinic files retrospectively from women aged 30–50 years who consulted at 6 primary health care facilities.

Results:
Only 15.55% (n = 791) of women consulting at the clinics were screened for cervical cancer with a Pap smear. Of the women screened, 45.20% (n = 357) were given a follow-up Pap smear date. Pap smears were repeated in only 31.74% (n = 159) of the 501 women with suspicious results, while 4.43% (n = 21) of the 474 women with abnormal results were referred for colposcopy. Women treated for cervical cancer were not followed up.

Conclusion:
The National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme is far from reaching the national screening target of 70%.

Implications for Practice:
Practice and screening policies at primary health care facilities should be revisited, cervical cancer screening efforts must be scaled up, and challenges health care providers and women experience, explored.

Foundational:
Women are not adequately being screened, referred and followed up for cervical cancer. Health care providers should engage with patients to raise cervical cancer screening awareness.
Production of parathyroid-like cells from thyroid stem cells in co-culture environment
Authors: Karabiyik Acar Özge , Nozhatzadeh Gülçin Delal , Tuncer Alperen , Torun Köse Gamze , Hacihasanoğlu Ezgi , Sahin Fikrettin , Aysan Erhan 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Parathyroid-like cells were aimed to be developed using cells isolated from thyroid since their embryological origins are the same.

Method:
Activin A and sonic hedgehog (Shh) are the proteins used in differentiation (dif) medium. Parathyroid and thyroid cells were cultured in a 3-dimensional environment and divided into five groups: thyroid standard (st) medium, thyroid dif medium, parathyroid st medium, thyroid-parathyroid co-culture st medium, and thyroid-parathyroid co-culture dif medium. Throughout 28 days of incubation, groups were investigated by carrying out the live dead assay, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays.

Results:
Thyroid-parathyroid co-culture cells grown in dif medium exhibited upregulated expressions of parathormone (PTH) (5.1-fold), PTH1R (3.6-fold), calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) (8.8-fold), and loss of thyroid-specific thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) expression when compared to the thyroid st medium group. PTH secretion decreased by 35% in the parathyroid st medium group and 99.9% in the thyroid-parathyroid co-culture st medium group but decreased only 3.5% in the thyroid-parathyroid co-culture dif medium group on day 28.

Conclusion:
Using Activin A and Shh proteins, thyroid stem/progenitor cells were differentiated to parathyroid-like cells successfully in a co-culture environment. A potentially effective novel method for cell differenatiation is co-culture of cells having the same embryological origin.