bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity and evolution of knowledge boundaries in an interdisciplinary research project
Authors: Thumbumrung Titima , Vasconcelos Ana , Cox Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to understand how and why knowledge boundaries occur, change, and evolve throughout the life‐cycle of interdisciplinary research projects, how they are experienced by different actors, and what strategies they deploy to overcome these boundaries. The study took a case study approach focusing on an interdisciplinary research project for the development of computerised tomography and digital X‐ray scanners in a governmental research organisation in Thailand. A multi‐method qualitative approach, involving semi‐structured interviews, participative observation, and artefact and document analysis, was adopted. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that knowledge management is more complex and difficult than portrayed in previous studies because of the following: (1) knowledge boundaries evolve and exhibit different emphases at distinct stages of the project; (2) boundaries do not stem only from differences in knowledge across different organisational actors, but, equally importantly, due to the lack of awareness that these differences exist; (3) different organisational actors experience diverse types of knowledge boundary types when faced within the same situation; and (4) context, in terms of external pressures driving the project and influencing its direction, plays an important role in boundary construction and boundary‐spanning mechanisms. This paper presents a novel framework for conceptualising how and why knowledge boundaries evolve throughout an interdisciplinary research project, how these changes are experienced by different participating actors, and what boundary‐spanning mechanisms for bridging them are developed by them. It demonstrates that these changes are often shaped by external drivers that shape the development of the project.
Dual‐Functional Nonmetallic Plasmonic Hybrids with Three‐Order Enhanced Upconversion Emission and Photothermal Bio‐Therapy
Authors: Li Juan , Liu Lu , Chen Xueqin , Lu Changhai , Zhang Haipeng , Li Baojun , Xue Can , Lou Zaizhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasmonic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) with wide‐range tailorable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) hold exciting prospects on optical signal amplification. In this work, by precisely controlling oxygen vacancies around W atoms, plasmonic bismuth tungstate Bi2WO6 (BWO) nanosheets are constructed to enhance emission of Yb3+/Er3+ co‐doped NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). In the optimal conditions, the UCNPs/BWO‐2 hybrids exhibit over three‐order (1260‐fold) enhancement selectively on the 520 nm emission owing to the strong LSPR‐induced electrical field and photothermal effect. Moreover, it is found that the highly efficient emission of UCNPs/BWO‐2 allows it to act as a thermometer to monitor the real‐time local temperature with high absolute sensitivity of 5.8 × 10−3 K−1 in wide temperature range (up to 990 K). For proof‐of‐concept, the dual functions of plasmonic UCNPs/BWO‐2 hybrids on bioimaging and photothermal therapy for cancer cells are demonstrated that can be completely killed within 5 min under 980 nm irradiation. As far as it is known, this work reaches a new level on UCNPs emission enhancement by plasmonic semiconductor, exceeding most plasmonic metals.
FFF 3D Printing of Small Porous Structures from Polymer Compounds Using the Ultimaker 3
Authors: Ernst Matthias F. , Maletzko Annabelle , Baumann Sascha , Baumann Nils , Hübner Christof , Höhne Carl‐Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers a great potential for the production of objects with a tailor‐made inner structure especially in combination with material development in the field of polymer compounds. However, the design possibilities for the inner structure depend on printing resolution, accuracy, and reproducibility. The quality of small filigree objects printed by additive manufacturing processes for polymer materials like fused filament fabrication (FFF) depends on the polymer material itself as well as on the processing parameters in the additive manufacturing technology used. Here, the production of small porous structures by FFF with an Ultimaker 3 is analyzed using polylactic acid (PLA) as well as polymer compounds of PLA containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing titanium dioxide (TiO2). The influences of the calibration of the building plate, the heights of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers, and of particulate additives on the printing behavior of the polymer compound, and hence the resulting accuracy of the width of single printed lines, are studied. Additionally, the printing of lattice‐like scaffold structures using PLA/CNT forming the structure and PVA/TiO2 as soluble support structure is described.
Affinity selection‐mass spectrometry in the discovery of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 compounds
Authors: van Breemen Richard B. , Muchiri Ruth N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall molecule therapeutic agents are needed to treat or prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which is the cause of the COVID‐19 pandemic. To expedite the discovery of lead compounds for development, assays have been developed based on affinity selection‐mass spectrometry (AS‐MS), which enables the rapid screening of mixtures such as combinatorial libraries and extracts of botanicals or other sources of natural products. AS‐MS assays have been used to find ligands to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein for inhibition of cell entry as well as to the 3‐chymotrypsin‐like cysteine protease (3CLpro) and the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase complex constituent Nsp9, which are targets for inhibition of viral replication. The AS‐MS approach of magnetic microbead affinity selection screening has been used to discover high‐affinity peptide ligands to the spike protein as well as the hemp cannabinoids cannabidiolic acid and cannabigerolic acid, which can prevent cell infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. Another AS‐MS method, native mass spectrometry, has been used to discover that the flavonoids baicalein, scutellarein, and ganhuangenin, can inhibit the SARS‐CoV‐2 protease 3CLpro. Native mass spectrometry has also been used to find an ent‐kaurane natural product, oridonin, that can bind to the viral protein Nsp9 and interfere with RNA replication. These natural lead compounds are under investigation for the development of therapeutic agents to prevent or treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Characterization of physical vapor deposited coating on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and polycarbonate substrates
Authors: Toroslu A.G. , Tekiner Z. , Mert F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and polycarbonate substrates plastics were coated with aluminum by physical vapor deposition method in order to determine which one is a better choice for outdoor reflector technology. This investigation has been done by applying the coating on a reflector that is already been used in the lighting industry. Scraping test, caustic soda and caustic potash test, reflection efficiency performance test and surface roughness test methods were used to determine the selection. Coatings on acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene and polycarbonate plastic materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry. Although acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene plastic material is easier for injection molding and cheaper than polycarbonate material, the results showed that polycarbonate plastic material is more efficient than acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene plastic material, especially in terms of surface roughness and reflection efficiency.
Effect of cooling system and forming structure on grain sizes and mechanical properties of S43CMnV for non‐quenched and tempered steel crankshaft
Authors: Liu F. , Shen N.R. , Zhou L. , Huang B. , Yue G. , Lin S.Y. , Luo Y.C. , Mao X.F. , Du J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTaking the given S43CMnV non‐quenched and tempered steel multi‐cylinder (3‐cylinder and 4‐cylinder) crankshaft as the research object, the intrinsic relationship between the forging process, temperature controlled cooling process of 3‐cylinder crankshaft and the global‐local grain evolution process was analyzed by Deform‐3D software. Meanwhile, the influence relationship between average grain sizes and comprehensive mechanical properties of the 3‐cylinder and 4‐cylinder crankshaft was compared and analyzed in details. The results show that for the 3‐cylinder crankshaft, the larger cooling rates can achieve the smaller grain sizes. When the temperature controlled cooling rate is 60 °C/min, the average grain sizes of the crankshaft pin bearing, main bearing and flange end are 61.5 μm, 96.9 μm and 70.7 μm respectively, which meets the requirements of production process (approximately 127 μm). Wherein, the grain sizes and mechanical properties of the 4‐cylinder crankshaft are better than those of the 3‐cylinder crankshaft, and the after‐forging elongation of the 4‐cylinder crankshaft can reach at approximately 16.6 %. Furthermore, the grain sizes evolution of 3‐cylinder crankshaft obtained by numerical simulations are basically consistent with the experimental grain size results, and it is feasible to predict and control the grain sizes’ evolution and mechanical properties of the crankshaft hot forging by using Deform‐3D.
Selection of deep or superficial recipient vein in lower extremity reconstruction using free flap: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shimbo Keisuke , Kawamoto Haruka , Koshima Isao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFree flap surgeries are useful procedures for lower‐extremity reconstruction. Recipient vein selection for anastomosis is important to avoid venous congestion and thrombosis. Although deep or superficial venous system can be used as a recipient vein site, there is a lack of consensus on which system would be superior to avoid postoperative complications. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the differences in outcomes between deep and superficial vein anastomosis for lower‐extremity free flap reconstruction.MethodsThe PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library medical databases were systematically searched from inception to April 2022, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. A comparative meta‐analysis was conducted on studies of deep and superficial venous system anastomosis outcomes, comprising vascular thrombosis, reoperation, complete flap necrosis, and any flap necrosis. The fixed‐effects meta‐analysis model was used when low heterogeneity (I2 < 50%) was present.ResultsSix studies with 789 flaps were included in the analysis and qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The rate of vascular thrombosis (8.2% vs. 15.1%; p = .005) was significantly lower for flaps involving deep vein anastomosis than for those involving superficial vein anastomosis. The rate of reoperation after deep vein anastomosis was lower than that after superficial vein anastomosis, with no statistically significant difference (9.0% vs. 14.7%; p = .06). There were no significant differences in the rates of complete (2.5% vs. 2.0%; p = .90) or any flap necrosis (7.0% vs. 9.8%; p = .20).ConclusionDeep vein anastomosis might be recommended for avoiding vascular thrombosis.
A probabilistic data assimilation framework to reconstruct finite element error fields from sparse error estimates: Application to sub‐modeling
Authors: Paul Rouse James , Kerfriden Pierre , Hamadi Maxime 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present work proposes a computational approach that recovers full finite element error fields from a small number of estimates of errors in scalar quantities of interest. The approach is weakly intrusive and is motivated by large scale industrial applications wherein modifying the finite element models is undesirable and multiple regions of interest may exist in a single model. Error estimates are developed using a Zhu‐Zienkiewicz estimator coupled with the adjoint methodology to deliver goal‐oriented results. A Bayesian probabilistic estimation framework is deployed for full field estimation. An adaptive, radial basis function based reduced order modeling strategy is implemented to reduce the cost of calculating the posterior. The Bayesian reconstruction approach, accelerated by the proposed model reduction technology, is shown to yield good probabilistic estimates of full error fields, with a computational complexity that is acceptable compared to the evaluation of the goal‐oriented error estimates. The novelty of the work is that a set of computed error estimates are considered as partial observations of an underlying error field, which is to be recovered. Future improvements of the method include the optimal selection of goal‐oriented error measures to be acquired prior to the error field reconstruction.
Validation of energy expenditure and macronutrient oxidation measured by two new whole‐room indirect calorimeters
Authors: Dörner Rebecca , Hägele Franziska A. , Koop Jana , Rising Russell , Foerster Thomas , Olsen Thomas , Hasler Mario , Müller Manfred J. , Bosy‐Westphal Anja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate two new whole‐room indirfect calorimeters according to Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards (RICORS 1.0).MethodsFor technical validation, 16 propane combustion tests were performed to determine accuracy and precision of energy expenditure (EE) and ventilation rates of oxygen (VO2), carbon dioxide (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2). For biological validation, eight participants (mean [SD], age 24.1 [2.5] years; BMI 24.3 [3.1] kg/m2) underwent four 24‐hour protocols under highly standardized conditions: (1) isocaloric sedentary, (2) fasting sedentary, (3) isocaloric active, and (4) fasting active. Reliability (coefficients of variation [CV]) and minimal detectable changes (MDC) were calculated for 24‐hour EE, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), thermic effect of food (TEF), and macronutrient oxidation rates.ResultsTechnical validation showed high reliability and recovery rates for VO2 (0.75% and 100.8%, respectively), VCO2 (0.49% and 100.6%), and EE (0.54% and 98.2%). Biological validation revealed CV and MDC for active conditions of 1.4% and 4.3% for 24‐hour EE, 1.7% and 5.9% for SMR, and 30.2% and 38.4% for TEF, as well as 5.8% and 10.5% for PAEE, respectively. Mean CV and MDC for macronutrient oxidation rates were 9.9% and 22.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe precision of 24‐hour EE and SMR was high, whereas it was lower for PAEE and poor for TEF.
Pulmonary function in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Monagel Dania A. , Guilcher Gregory M. T. , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Bendiak Glenda N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary complications are common in sickle cell disease (SCD). The use of standard myeloablative conditioning regimens may increase the risk of lung injury. We report serial pulmonary function testing (PFT) outcomes in children with SCD who underwent a matched‐sibling donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using nonmyeloablative (NMA) protocol.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review describing pulmonary outcomes in pediatric patients post HCT. The conditioning regimen consisted of alemtuzumab and a single fraction of 300 cGy of total body irradiation (TBI), and sirolimus for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Serial PFT testing was performed pre and post HCT. The evaluated pulmonary measures included: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow (FEF25‐75).ResultsTwelve subjects were included in the analysis. All had HbSS genotype, and five of the 12 patients had one or more episodes of acute chest syndrome prior to HCT. Serial PFT measures were completed per patient. No patient was diagnosed with chronic GVHD of any organ post HCT. The baseline median FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25‐75 were within the normal range and remained relatively unchanged post HCT. A linear mixed effects model, adjusting for gender and time from HCT, suggested no significant relationship between HCT and PFT parameters, including FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC. Interestingly, the FEF25‐75 results exhibited a shift in the means post HCT (pre‐HCT 86.2% predicted and post‐HCT 93.05% predicted, p‐value = .018).ConclusionOur study suggests that HCT in children with SCD may prevent the anticipated decline in pulmonary function over time.
Ethical issues associated with prenatal screening using non‐invasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Johnston Molly , Warton Chanelle , Pertile Mark D. , Taylor‐Sands Michelle , Delatycki Martin B. , Hui Lisa , Savulescu Julian , Mills Catherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrenatal screening for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) is increasingly available through expanded non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). NIPT for SCAs raises complex ethical issues for clinical providers, prospective parents and future children. This paper discusses the ethical issues that arise around NIPT for SCAs and current guidelines and protocols for management. The first section outlines current practice and the limitations of NIPT for SCAs. It then outlines key guidelines before discussing the ethical issues raised by this use of NIPT. We conclude that while screening for SCAs should be made available for people seeking to use NIPT, its implementation requires careful consideration of what, when and how information is provided to users.
Temporal shifts in safety and efficacy profile of mycophenolate mofetil 2 g versus 3 g daily early after heart transplantation
Authors: Braghieri Lorenzo , Jennings Douglas L. , Bohn Bruno , Habal Marlena , Pinsino Alberto , Mondellini Giulio M. , Ladanyi Annamaria , Latif Farhana , Clerkin Kevin , Restaino Susan , Kurlansky Paul , Takeda Koji , Naka Yoshifumi , Demmer Ryan T. , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the gold‐standard immunosuppressive agent in heart transplantation (HT), but dose‐dependent toxicities (e.g., neutropenia) are frequent. Gut bacteria β‐d‐glucuronidases (GUS) modulate MMF bioavailability, and changes in the intestinal flora may influence the pharmacokinetics of MMF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MMF 1.5 g every 12 h (q12) [high‐dose, HD] versus 1 g q12 [low‐dose, LD] and explore the association between neutropenia and GUS.MeasurementsWe compared the incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and neutropenia during the first 6 months post‐HT. The association between neutropenia and GUS was investigated in an exploratory analysis on a subset of patients with prospectively collected stool data. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Main ResultsA total of 168 patients (120 MMF‐HD, 48 MMF‐LD; mean age 55.7 years, 79% male) were studied. Neutropenia occurred in 38.6% of patients at a median of 106 [64–143] days. Freedom from neutropenia was lower in MMF‐HD compared with MMF‐LD (57% vs. 73%, p = 0.03). ACR (≥1R/1B) occurred in 37.5% of patients at a median of 20 [10–96] days, while high‐grade ACR (≥2R/3A) occurred in 11.3% at a median of 14 [9–89] days. Freedom from ACR was similar between groups. MMF‐LD was associated with more high‐grade ACR (hazard ratio [HR] 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–11.08, p = 0.03) during the first month, but less neutropenia (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–1.00, p = 0.05) between 1 and 6 months. GUS‐producing bacteria were more abundant in neutropenic patients.ConclusionsMMF‐LD was associated with higher rates of early high‐grade ACR and lower rates of later neutropenia. Further studies are warranted to test whether temporal MMF dose adjustments and gut microbial composition could improve clinical outcomes post‐HT.
A mutant allele of the flowering promoting factor 1 gene at the tomato BRACHYTIC locus reduces plant height with high quality fruit
Authors: Lee Man Bo , Shekasteband Reza , Hutton Samuel F. , Lee Tong Geon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReduced plant height due to shortened stems is beneficial for improving crop yield potential, better resilience to biotic/abiotic stresses, and rapid crop producer adoption of the agronomic and management practices. Breeding tomato plants with a reduced height, however, poses a particular challenge because this trait is often associated with a significant fruit size (weight) reduction. The tomato BRACHYTIC (BR) locus controls plant height. Genetic mapping and genome assembly revealed three flowering promoting factor 1 (FPF1) genes located within the BR mapping interval, and a complete coding sequence deletion of the telomere proximal FPF1 (Solyc01g066980) was found in the br allele but not in BR. The knock‐out of Solyc01g066980 in BR large‐fruited fresh‐market tomato reduced the height and fruit yield, but the ability to produce large size fruits was retained. However, concurrent yield evaluation of a pair of sister lines with or without the br allele revealed that artificial selection contributes to commercially acceptable yield potential in br tomatoes. A network analysis of gene‐expression patterns across genotypes, tissues, and the gibberellic acid (GA) treatment revealed that member(s) of the FPF1 family may play a role in the suppression of the GA biosynthesis in roots and provided a framework for identifying the responsible molecular signaling pathways in br‐mediated phenotypic changes. Lastly, mutations of br homologs also resulted in reduced height. These results shed light on the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which the br allele alters tomato architecture.
Targeted mutagenesis of StISAC stabilizes the production of anthocyanins in potato cell culture
Authors: D'Amelia Vincenzo , Staiti Annalisa , D'Orso Fabio , Maisto Maria , Piccolo Vincenzo , Aversano Riccardo , Carputo Domenico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo increase the production of decorated anthocyanins in potato cell cultures, we knocked out a novel potato gene, named Inducer Silencing of Anthocyanins in Cell culture (StISAC), using CRISPR‐Cas9 editing. Our results provided evidence that mutant cell lines doubled the accumulation level of anthocyanins biosynthesized. Moreover, the production of these important pigments was stabilized over time. Our study overcame important challenges in the efficient biotechnological production of these valuable pigments and reported the function of a novel anthocyanin biosynthesis repressor gene.
Registration of ‘ND VitPro’ hard red spring wheat
Authors: Green Andrew J. , Mergoum Mohamed , Frohberg Richard , Underdahl Jesse , Horsley Richard , Walz Adam , Simsek Senay , Otteson Brian , Heilman‐Morales Ana Maria , Friskop Andrew , Ransom Joel , Rickertsen John , Ostlie Mike , Schatz Blaine , Hanson Bryan , Eriksmoen Eric , Pradhan Gautam , Martin Glenn , Rasmussen Jack , Zhong Shaobin , Friesen Tim , Rouse Matthew , Jin Yue , Chao Shiaoman , Acevedo Maricelis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‘ND VitPro’ (Reg. no. CV‐1194, PI 682660) is a hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2017. It was tested as experimental line ND825 and released because of improved straw strength as well as strong disease resistance and end‐use quality. ND VitPro is moderately resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, and Fusarium head blight. The name ND VitPro was chosen due to its high vitreous kernel percentage and high grain protein.